bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teratogen update: Zika virus and pregnancy
Authors: Rasmussen Sonja A. , Jamieson Denise J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractZika virus was first identified in Uganda in 1947 but received little attention until 2015 when a large outbreak of Zika virus illness followed by an increased number of babies born with microcephaly occurred in Brazil. Zika virus spread rapidly throughout the Americas, and in 2016 was identified as a cause of microcephaly and other serious birth defects. Since that time, much has been learned about the Zika virus. The virus is primarily spread by the bite of Aedes species mosquitoes; however, other forms of transmission (e.g., sexual and intrauterine) have been recognized. Although postnatal Zika virus infection typically causes mild or no symptoms, effects on infants born to prenatally infected mothers can be severe and include structural birth defects and neurodevelopmental effects. The risk of a structural birth defect among infants born to mothers with confirmed or suspected Zika virus infection during pregnancy has ranged from 5 to 10%. The timing of Zika infection during pregnancy affects risk, with higher risks with the first‐trimester infection. Neurodevelopmental effects are seen even in infants who appear normal in the newborn period. Although cases of Zika virus infection have fallen in the Americas, the Zika virus remains an active threat in some regions of the world. The development of a Zika vaccine will require continued focus and investment. Until a Zika vaccine is available, prevention efforts for pregnant women include avoidance of travel to areas with active Zika transmission, avoidance of mosquito bites for those living in or traveling to areas with Zika transmission, and protection against sexual transmission.
Enhancing Bioinformatics and Genomics Courses: Building Capacity and Skills via Lab Meeting Activities
Authors: Boudabous Abdellatif , Tekaia Fredj 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReading, writing, publishing, and publicly presenting scientific works are vital for a young researcher's profile building and career development. Generally, the traditional educational curricula do not offer training possibilities to learn and practice how to prepare, write, and present scientific works. These are rather a part of lab meeting activities in research groups. The lack of such training is more critical in some developing countries because this adds to the rare opportunities to discuss and become involved in the exchanges on state of the art scientific literature. Here the authors relate their experience in introducing a weekly 1‐day lab meeting in the framework of two previously organized 3‐month courses on “Bioinformatics and Genome Analyses”. The main activities which are developed during these lab meetings include scientific literature follow up as well as preparing and presenting oral and written scientific reviews. These activities prove to be useful for a student's self‐confidence building, for enhancing their active participation during the lectures and practical sessions, as well as for the positive impact on running the whole course program. Incorporation of such lab meeting activities in the course program significantly improves the capacity building of the participants, their analytical and critical reading of scientific literature, as well as communication skills. In this work it is shown how to proceed with the different steps involved in the implementation of lab meeting activities, and to recommend their regular institution in similar courses.
Investors' carbon risk exposure and their potential for shareholder engagement
Authors: Benz Lukas , Paulus Stefan , Scherer Julia , Syryca Janik , Trück Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article examines the exposure to and management of carbon risks of different investor types. Considering the dual role as portfolio manager and partial owner, we analyze carbon risk for investors both in terms of exposure to portfolio values and in terms of responsibility as shareholder of carbon‐intensive firms. We show that among various investor types, the preference for holding carbon‐intensive stocks differs substantially, even when considering traditional investment decision parameters. In particular, it is governments whose portfolio values are most threatened by a carbon risk exposure of 49%, but at the same time, they prefer larger ownership shares in polluting firms. In contrast, individual investors, investment advisors, and mutual funds avoid holding stakes in these firms, while revealing only a moderate exposure of their assets to carbon risk. In view of the Paris Agreement, which includes the consistent steering of financial flows towards a low carbon transformation of the economy, our study provides policymakers with important implications regarding the coverage and effects of respective regulations. By identifying the ownership structures of carbon‐intensive firms and respective owners' portfolio compositions, we also offer implications for further research on portfolio decarbonization and shareholders' influence of corporate carbon management.
The consequences of robotics programming education on computational thinking skills: An intervention of the Young Engineer's Workshop (YEW)
Authors: Yilmaz Ince Ebru , Koc Mustafa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present research is part of the government funded project called Young Engineer's Workshop (YEW), a 2‐week‐long summer camp for youngsters to stimulate their interest in coding, electronics and robotics subjects in particular and STEAM fields in general. The YEW curriculum included basic electronics, block‐based programming and robotics through Scratch and Arduino, and student projects on building robotics systems. This experimental study aimed to investigate the cognitive and affective consequences of YEW on the development of middle and high school students' computational thinking (CT) competences. The research methodology was based on a one‐group pretest–posttest model within a quasi‐experimental design. Participants were 17 students from grades 5–6 and 15 students from grades 9–10 in a southwestern city of Turkey. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through the YEW application form, a scale for CT, a satisfaction questionnaire, and student diaries. The results showed a significant increase on algorithmic and critical thinking factors of CT whereas no significant changes in creativity, cooperation, and problem‐solving factors of CT. Students reported affective gains including high satisfaction and enjoyment of YEW activities, increased interest, and career planning in programming and robotics fields, and improved self‐confidence in robotics project development. In conclusion, the study suggests that teaching programming can be an effective way to foster CT to some extent but not an adequate or complete solution. Educators need to seek more suitable teaching methods for a more comprehensive learning of CT that can be transferable to noncomputing contexts.
Cathodes for Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries: Materials, Mechanisms, and Kinetics
Authors: Zuo Shiyong , Xu Xijun , Ji Shaomin , Wang Zhuosen , Liu Zhengbo , Liu Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs concerns about the safety of lithium‐ions batteries (LIBs) increases, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) with a lower cost, higher safety, and higher co‐efficiency have attracted more and more interest. However, finding suitable cathode materials is still an urgent problem in ZIBs. In recent years, a lot of significant works have been reported, including manganese‐based cathodes, vanadium‐based cathodes, Prussian blue analog‐based materials, and sustainable quinone cathodes. In this review, some typical cathode materials are introduced. The detailed storage mechanisms and methods for improving the reaction kinetics of the zinc ions are summarized. Finally, the issues, challenges, and the research directions are provided.
Construction of Smart Stimuli‐Responsive DNA Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wang Huimin , Luo Dan , Wang Hong , Wang Fuan , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDNA nanostructures have recently attracted increasing interest in biological and biomedical applications by virtue of their unique properties, such as structural programmability, multi‐functionality, stimuli‐responsive behaviors, and excellent biocompatibility. In particular, the intelligent responsiveness of smart DNA nanostructures to specific stimuli has facilitated their extensive development in the field of high‐performance biosensing and controllable drug delivery. This minireview begins with different self‐assembly strategies for the construction of various DNA nanostructures, followed by the introduction of a variety of stimuli‐responsive functional DNA nanostructures for assembling metastable soft materials and for facilitating amplified biosensing. The recent achievements of smart DNA nanostructures for controllable drug delivery are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and possible developments of this promising research are discussed in the fields of intelligent nanomedicine.
Enantioselective Construction of Si‐Stereogenic Center via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydrosilylation of Alkene
Authors: He Tao , Liu Li‐Chuan , Ma Wen‐Peng , Li Bin , Zhang Qing‐Wei , He Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCatalytic, enantioselective synthesis of stereogenic silicon compounds remains a challenge. Herein, we report a rhodium‐catalyzed regio‐ and enantio‐selective intermolecular hydrosilylation of alkene with prochiral dihydrosilane. This new method features a simple catalytic system, mild reaction conditions and a wide functional group tolerance.
Accelerated aging among childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors is evidenced by increased expression of p16INK4a and frailty
Authors: Smitherman Andrew B. , Wood William A. , Mitin Natalia , Ayer Miller Vanessa L. , Deal Allison M. , Davis Ian J. , Blatt Julie , Gold Stuart H. , Muss Hyman B. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundCellular senescence, measured by expression of the cell cycle kinase inhibitor p16INK4a, may contribute to accelerated aging in survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer. The authors measured peripheral blood T‐lymphocyte p16INK4a expression among pediatric and young adult cancer survivors, hypothesizing that p16INK4a expression is higher after chemotherapy and among frail survivors.MethodsA cross‐sectional cohort of young adult survivors and age‐matched, cancer‐free controls were assessed for p16INK4a expression and frailty. Newly diagnosed pediatric patients underwent prospective measurements of p16INK4a expression before and after cancer therapy. Frailty was measured with a modified Fried frailty phenotype evaluating sarcopenia, weakness, slowness, energy expenditure, and exhaustion.ResultsThe cross‐sectional cohort enrolled 60 survivors and 29 age‐matched controls with a median age of 21 years (range, 17‐29 years). The prospective cohort enrolled 9 newly diagnosed patients (age range, 1‐18 years). Expression of p16INK4a was higher among survivors compared with controls (9.6 vs 8.9 log2 p16 units; 2‐sided P = .005, representing a 25‐year age acceleration in survivors) and increased among newly diagnosed patients from matched pretreatment to posttreatment samples (7.3‐8.9 log2 p16 units; 2‐sided P = .002). Nine survivors (16%) were frail and had higher p16INK4a expression compared with robust survivors (10.5 [frail] vs 9.5 [robust] log2 p16 units; 2‐sided P = .055), representing a 35‐year age acceleration among frail survivors.ConclusionsChemotherapy is associated with increased cellular senescence and molecular age in pediatric and young adult cancer survivors. Frail survivors, compared with robust survivors, exhibit higher levels of p16INK4a, suggesting that cellular senescence may be associated with early aging in survivors.
Classification of Persian carpet patterns based on quantitative aesthetic‐related features
Authors: Soleymanian Moghadam Tayebe , Ghanbar Afjeh Mansoureh , Amirshahi Seyed Hossein 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, the extraction of significant features of Persian carpet patterns was studied. Four aesthetic related features were extracted for a collection of Persian carpet images. To this purpose, a set of 134 color images of three different categories of traditional Persian designs, named “Afshan,” “Lachak Toranj,” and “Torkaman” were collected. At first, the PHOG (Pyramid of Histogram of Orientation Gradients) measure was derived for all patterns to calculate complexity, anisotropy, self‐similarity, and Birkhoff‐like features. Based on the results, anisotropy and Birkhoff‐like features significantly categorize three carpet designs. According to the results, the combination of anisotropy and Birkhoff‐like features increases the accuracy of classification of samples to 97%.
A general framework to study the price‐color relationship in paintings with an application to Mark Rothko rectangular series
Authors: Charlin Ventura , Cifuentes Arturo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe propose a general framework to study the relationship between the price of a painting and its color‐related attributes. To this end we focus on four key aspects: dominant colors, features of the color palette, color harmony, and color emotions. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach with an example based on Mark Rothko's post‐1950 paintings (the “rectangular” series), and auction data from the 1994 to 2018 period. We identify two distinct price‐color regimes in Rothko's market: (a) [1994‐2005], a period in which prices are explained mainly by the growing popularity of the artist regardless of the color attributes of the paintings sold; and (b) [2006‐2018], a period in which color‐related attributes explain most of the prices. Furthermore, we find that in this second period, the dominant colors and the diversity of the color palette, are by far the most relevant attributes that influence the price; color harmony and color emotions hold almost no explanatory power during this period. Finally, we propose a new metric based on the Herfindahl Index to describe color diversity; this metric seems to be promising at characterizing the effect of the color palette on the price of a painting.
Multiplexed Proximity Biotinylation Coupled to Mass Spectrometry for Defining Integrin Adhesion Complexes
Authors: Chastney Megan R. , Lawless Craig , Humphries Martin J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBioID, a proximity biotinylation technique, offers a valuable approach to examine the interactions occurring within protein complexes that complements traditional protein biochemical methods. BioID has various advantages that are beneficial to the study of complexes, including an ability to detect insoluble and transient proteins. We have applied BioID to the study of integrin adhesion complexes (IACs), which are located at the junction between the plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton. The use of multiple BioID baits enables a complex‐wide, spatial annotation of IACs, which in turn facilitates the detection of novel proximal interactors and provides insights into IAC architecture. This article describes the labeling and affinity purification of IAC‐proximal proteins and their analysis by label‐free quantitative mass spectrometry. The article also outlines steps to identify high‐confidence proximity interactors, and to interrogate the topology and functional relevance of proximity interaction networks through bioinformatic analyses. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Proximity biotinylation of integrin adhesion complex componentsBasic Protocol 2: Mass spectrometry data processing by MaxQuant and detection of high‐confidence proximal interactorsBasic Protocol 3: Bioinformatic analysis and data visualization
Screening for moral injury and comparatively evaluating moral injury measures in relation to mental illness symptomatology and diagnosis
Authors: Nieuwsma Jason A. , Brancu Mira , Wortmann Jennifer , Smigelsky Melissa A. , King Heather A. ,   VISN 6 MIRECC Workgroup, Meador Keith G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMoral injury merits further study to clarify its identification, prevalence, assessment and intersection with psychosocial and psychiatric problems. The present study investigated the screening potential of the Brief Moral Injury Screen (BMIS) in a sample of post‐9/11 veterans (N = 315) and comparatively evaluated how this tool, the Moral Injury Events Scale (MIES), and the Moral Injury Questionnaire‐Military Version (MIQ‐M) relate to psychiatric diagnoses and mental illness symptom severity. Those who endorsed failing to prevent or doing something morally wrong had the highest symptomatology scores on measures of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, suicidality, alcohol abuse and drug abuse, followed by those who reported solely witnessing a moral injury event. Posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms correlated most strongly with scores on the MIQ‐M; suicidality, alcohol abuse and drug abuse scores correlated most strongly with scores on the BMIS and MIQ‐M. Moral injury, as measured by three scales, was robustly correlated with worse outcomes on various symptom measures. The three scales appear to differentially predict mental illness symptomatology and diagnoses, with the BMIS predicting suicidality and alcohol and drug abuse as well as better than other measures.
Pressure‐Gradient Sorption Calorimetry of Flexible Porous Materials: Implications for Intrinsic Thermal Management
Authors: Feldmann Wesley K. , Esterhuysen Catharine , Barbour Leonard J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThermal management is an important consideration for applications that involve gas sorption by flexible porous materials. A pressure‐gradient differential scanning calorimetric method was developed to measure the energetics of adsorption and desorption both directly and continuously. The method was applied to the uptake and release of CO2 by the well‐known flexible metal–organic frameworks MIL‐53(Al) and MOF‐508b. High‐resolution differential enthalpy plots and total integral enthalpy values for sorption allow comprehensive assessment of the thermal behavior of the materials throughout the entire sorption process. During adsorption, the investigated materials display the ability to offset exothermic adsorption enthalpy against endothermic structural transition enthalpy, and vice versa during desorption. The results show that flexible materials offer reduced total integral heat over a working range when compared to rigid materials.
Coupling of tectonic factors and precipitation variability as a driver of Late Quaternary aggradation in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Fonsêca Drielly Naamma , de Barros Corrêa Antonio Carlos , de Azevêdo Cavalcanti Tavares Bruno , Rodrigues de Lira Daniel , Magalhães de Barros Ana Clara , da Silva Mützenberg Demétrio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe coupling between tectonic factors and climate processes is a key element in understanding landscape evolution. However, few studies address this issue in the context of unglaciated tropical areas in passive continental margins. Thus, this research aimed to understand the origins and evolution of the geomorphological landscape in the eastern sector of Northeast Brazil along the Late Quaternary, between the Last Interstadial (Marine Isotopic State 3) and the Upper Holocene. The morphostratigraphic approach, coupled with sedimentological analyses and optically stimulated luminescence dating of sediments, showed that the depositional record stored in the landscape ranges from at least 60 000 years BP until the Upper Holocene. Depositional intervals suggest that there were moments of climatic instability followed by moments of relative geomorphological quiescence. Such active moments coincide chronologically with Heinrich and Dansgaard‐Oeschger events, which are likely linked to changes in paleo‐pluviosity that might respond to the dismantling of elluvial covers and colluvial deposition in the area. Likewise, reworking of hillslope materials led to increased deposition in the fluvial realm. In addition, such deposits might have been affected by the neotectonic complexity of the area, responsible for the creation of non‐concatenated accommodation spaces, indicating a dynamics of uplifting and subsidence of blocks typical of passive margin taphrogenic environments. Therefore, the formative processes that led to the Late Quaternary deposition of sediments in a platform margin context reflect a coupling between tectonic and climatic factors. The former, driven by precipitation variability on a regional scale, triggered fluvial and high‐energy hillslope processes that resulted in ubiquitous valley floor and piedmont aggradation, whereas the latter led to the dismantling of local base levels, transforming depositional units into new denudational landforms subject to the current climate dynamics. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large wood load and transport in a flood‐free period within an inter‐dam reach: a decade of monitoring the Dyje River, Czech Republic
Authors: Máčka Zdeněk , Kinc Ondřej , Hlavňa Matej , Hortvík David , Krejčí Lukáš , Matulová Jana , Coufal Pavel , Zahradníček Pavel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examined the large wood (LW) load and transport during the non‐flood period (2009–2018) following major floods that occurred in 2002 and 2006 within the inter‐dam reach of the Dyje River (Czech–Austrian border). The LW load was examined in 36 river corridor segments scattered within the reach in the 2009–2018 period. Two whole‐reach surveys (2011 and 2019) on LW frequency and distribution were conducted, and the export of LW to the downstream reservoir was analysed between June 2013 and December 2018.In the period of non‐flood discharges, the recruitment and depletion of LW were highly variable processes in space and time, leading to a considerable change in the total LW quantity. Whereas the total number of LW pieces decreased, the total LW volume increased because of the increasing dimensions of newly recruited pieces. The annual variability in the quantity of newly recruited pieces was better explained by the variation in the maximum annual discharges (y = 41.043ln(x) + 3.2737, R2 = 0.5352) than by the variability in the number of days with wind gusts >17.2 m/s (y = 1.5004x + 82.096, R2 = 0.118). The land use change with the abandonment of human settlements after World War II and the progressive expansion of forest was the major historical factor driving the increased recruitment of LW to the river corridor.While the 2006 (>100‐year RI) flood brought approximately 1,250 LW pieces to the reservoir, the 2013 (1.5‐year RI) flood delivered 45 pieces. The long‐term average monthly input of LW to the reservoir was 7.7 pieces. The exceptional low‐magnitude flood of 2013, which occurred at the beginning of the monitoring period, was shown to be a threshold above which the number of LW pieces that floated to the dam significantly increased. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.