bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and quantitative assessment of extracted oil from Camelina sativa seed treated by dielectric‐barrier discharge cold plasma
Authors: Rezaei Shabnam , Ghobadian Barat , Ebadi Mohammad‐Taghi , Ghomi Hamid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of dielectric‐barrier discharge (DBD) cold plasma (CP) pretreatment on Camelina sativa “Soheil cultivar” seed. A DBD plasma reactor system was employed for this purpose. The experiments were performed by taking into account variables including voltages of 15, 18, and 21 kV and times of 2, 4, 8, and 16 min. The measured properties were oil yield extraction (%), oil colour parameters (CIEL*a*b*), protein content (meal) (%), surface analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and fatty acids profile of Camelina sativa. The results revealed that the CP treatment had a significant improvement in different properties of the extracted oil. It was observed that the extracted oil was increased, with the increasing time of CP exposure. The treatments of CP enhanced the oil yield from 24.3 to 31.5%, and the optimal conditions were identified as 21 kV and 16 min. Also, the maximum protein amount was observed for the samples treated by CP (39.5%). The SEM analysis showed that the cell structures of pre‐treated Camelina samples were damaged, thereby improved the oil extraction efficiency. The variations in the values of L*, a*, and b* (max‐min) were calculated to be 3.9, −2.5, and 9.7, respectively, which indicated minor changes of CP treatment on the oil colour parameters. The treated samples showed considerable changes of enhancement in linolenic and linoleic acids among poly‐unsaturated fatty acids; and a reduction in palmitic acid content, among saturated fatty acids.
Label‐Free Four‐Dimensional Visualization of Anaerobically Growing Electroactive Biofilms
Authors: Koch Christin , Kuchenbuch Anne , Marosvölgyi Maria , Weisshart Klaus , Harnisch Falk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLight sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) allows nondestructive, label‐free and in vivo imaging of large specimen, even at nontransparent surfaces. We show that LSFM can be applied for label‐free analyses of prokaryotes on the example of electroactive biofilms. Biofilm growth is linked to the production of current serving as measure of metabolic activity in vivo by monitoring with high spatial and temporal resolution. After 35 h of exponential growth, a homogeneous biofilm with a thickness of 9 μm was formed. This was followed by a stratification of the biofilm including the formation of 3D structures over the next 100 h. Light reflection was sufficient to visualize the biofilm structure and development over time and the terminal morphology was confirmed using fluorescence staining. This proof of concept on using LSFM for investigation of biofilms opens the door for its application in the entire field of microbial ecology. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype: An unusual case and a comprehensive review
Authors: Bansal Saloni , Sancheti Sankalp , Kaur Sukhjinder , Somal Puneet , Kalra Supreet Kaur , Sali Akash Pramod 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly aggressive thyroid malignancy predominantly affecting the elderly with a fatal outcome. ATC with rhabdoid phenotype is a rare variant, with only a few cases reported in the literature to date. We herein report a case of a 44‐year old female diagnosed as ATC with rhabdoid phenotype. She had a slow‐growing neck mass with no gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) or nodal/distant metastasis at presentation. Computed tomography of the neck showed a well‐defined heterogeneously hypodense nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid. On cytology, a diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with possible anaplastic transformation was made based on the presence of vague papillae with focal nuclear features of PTC and atypical pleomorphic/rhabdoid cells. The total thyroidectomy specimen showed a relatively circumscribed lesion with no gross ETE. Histopathological examination revealed sheets of rhabdoid cells with a focus of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. On immunohistochemistry, rhabdoid cells were positive for AE1/AE3, focally positive for PAX8 and were negative for TTF‐1, synaptophysin, desmin, myogenin, S100P, and SMA. The neck lymph nodes were non‐metastatic. The patient was further treated with adjuvant radioactive iodine. Four‐months post‐operatively, the patient developed pulmonary metastasis which on biopsy examination revealed metastatic ATC. Apart from being a rare tumor type, this case is unusual with its presentation too; wherein, unlike described earlier in the literature the patient had a relatively mitigated clinical course with no gross ETE or nodal/distant metastatic disease. We also review the relevant literature along with this case.
EUS‐FNA, ancillary studies and their clinical utility in patients with mediastinal, pancreatic, and other abdominal lesions
Authors: Saqib Muhammad , Maruf Maheen , Bashir Sehar , Mehmood Shafqat , Akhter Noreen , Yusuf Muhammed Aasim , Loya Asif 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is an important modality to obtain tissue diagnosis from mediastinal, pancreatic, and intra‐abdominal lesions in close proximity to the pulmonary and gastrointestinal tract. It is considered to be a relatively safe, rapid, and minimally invasive technique with low complication rates.AimsTo determine the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and outcome of EUS‐FNA, with histological correlation where applicable.MethodsData of all 1059 consecutive patients who underwent EUS‐FNA from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2017 at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore was reviewed in this retrospective study. The major sites that were targeted for EUS‐FNA were pancreatic (423), mediastinal (376), and other abdominal lesions (260).ResultsThe average number of passes per patient was 2.22. Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) was adequate in 969 patients (91.4%). Concordance between ROSE and final cytology was 99.5%. Follow‐up was available in 810 patients (76.4%). The overall diagnostic yield was 94.3%. Ancillary studies, including immunohistochemical stains and flow cytometry, helped to increase the diagnostic yield from 78.1% to 94.3%. The overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy for EUS‐FNA were 94.8%, 98.6%, 99.9%, 65.5%, and 95.1%, respectively. Seven of 1059 patients (0.6%) developed complications.ConclusionEUS‐FNA is a very sensitive and specific diagnostic tool with a minimal complication rate. Ancillary studies helped to increase the sensitivity, as well as the diagnostic yield.
Annual decline in β‐cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes in China
Authors: Gao Zhenxiu , Yan Wei , Fang Zhaohui , Zhang Zongjun , Yuan Li , Wang Xiaoyun , Jia Zhumin , Zhu Yuanyuan , Miller Joshua D. , Yuan Xiaodan , Li Fan , Lou Qingqing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the annual decline of β‐cell function correlated with disease duration in patients with type 2 diabetes in China.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 4792 adults with type 2 diabetes who were recruited from four university hospital diabetes clinics between April 2018 and November 2018. Baseline data were collected from electric medical records. Participants were divided into 21 groups with 1‐year diabetes duration interval to assess the decline rate of β‐cell function. Homeostatic model assessment model (HOMA 2) model was applied to assess β‐cell function. Multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate the association between biochemical and clinical variables and β‐cell function.ResultsIn Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, β‐cell function declined by 2% annually. Using angiotensin receptor blockade (ARB) (β = .048; P = .011), metformin (β = .138; P = .021), or insulin (β = .142; P = .018) was associated with increased β‐cell function. However, increased BMI (β = −.215; P = .022), alcohol consumption (β = −.331; P < .001), haemoglobin A1c (β = −.104; P = .027), or increased diabetes duration (β = −.183; P = .003) was significantly and negatively associated with β‐cell function.ConclusionsWe determined that the annual rate of the β‐cell function decline was 2% in patients with type 2 diabetes in China. Moreover, we confirmed a positive relationship between ARB treatment and β‐cell function, while BMI and alcohol consumption were significantly and negatively associated with the β‐cell function.
A regionally scalable habitat typology for assessing benthic habitats and fish communities: Application to New Caledonia reefs and lagoons
Authors: Pelletier Dominique , Selmaoui‐Folcher Nazha , Bockel Thomas , Schohn Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractScalable assessments of biodiversity are required to successfully and adaptively manage coastal ecosystems. Assessments must account for habitat variations at multiple spatial scales, including the small scales (<100 m) at which biotic and abiotic habitat components structure the distribution of fauna, including fishes. Associated challenges include achieving consistent habitat descriptions and upscaling from in situ‐monitored stations to larger scales.We developed a methodology for (a) determining habitat types consistent across scales within large management units, (b) characterizing heterogeneities within each habitat, and (c) predicting habitat from new survey data. It relies on clustering techniques and supervised classification rules and was applied to a set of 3,145 underwater video observations of fish and benthic habitats collected in all reef and lagoon habitats around New Caledonia.A baseline habitat typology was established with five habitat types clearly characterized by abiotic and biotic attributes. In a complex mosaic of habitats, habitat type is an indispensable covariate for explaining spatial variations in fish communities. Habitat types were further described by 26 rules capturing the range of habitat features encountered. Rules provided intuitive habitat descriptions and predicted habitat type for new monitoring observations, both straightforwardly and with known confidence. Images are convenient for interacting with managers and stakeholders.Our scheme is (a) consistent at the scale of New Caledonia reefs and lagoons (1.4 million km2) and (b) ubiquitous by providing data in all habitats, for example, showcasing a substantial fish abundance in rarely monitored soft‐bottom habitats. Both features must be part of an ecosystem‐based monitoring strategy relevant for management.This is the first study applying data mining techniques to in situ measurements to characterize coastal habitats over regional‐scale management areas. This approach can be applied to other types of observations and other ecosystems to characterize and predict local ecological assets for assessments at larger scales.
Biocatalytic membrane: Go far beyond enzyme immobilization
Authors: Luo Jianquan , Song Siqing , Zhang Hao , Zhang Huiru , Zhang Jinxuan , Wan Yinhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiocatalytic membrane takes advantages of reaction–separation integration as well as enzyme immobilization, which has attracted increasing attentions in online detection and biomanufacturing. However, the high preparation cost, inferior comprehensive performance, and low stability limit its applications. Thus, besides enzyme immobilization, more efforts should be made in biocatalytic membrane configuration design for a specific application to enhance the synergistic effect of reaction and separation and improve its operating stability. This review summarized the recent progress on biocatalytic membrane preparation, discussed different membrane configurations for various applications, finally proposed several challenges and possible solutions, which provided directions and guides for the development and industrialization of biocatalytic membrane.
Concierge care and patient reviews
Authors: Nemzer Louis R. , Neymotin Florence 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe examine how patient numerical ratings and specific words in written reviews of family physicians and internists in the states of California and Florida differ based upon concierge doctor status. Data are drawn from Healthgrades.com, one of the largest providers of online reviews, and a machine‐learning sentiment analysis is used to determine the predictors of concierge status and numerical patient ratings. We find that reviews of concierge doctors are more likely to contain technical words associated with health care, such as “staff” and “office,” compared with traditional physicians. In contrast, interpersonal bedside‐manner words, like “listen” or “concerns,” are most likely in reviews for nonconcierge doctors. We further determine that, whereas interpersonal words exhibit both positive and negative effects on numerical ratings, technical terms seem to primarily correlate negatively with patient scores for all doctors. The present work represents a first step towards understanding the measures of quality of care that relate with the patient experience, and in particular with respect to the growing field of concierge medicine. It is also the first attempt we are aware of that employs sentiment analysis in this context.
Heparin‐functionalized hydrogels as growth factor‐signaling substrates
Authors: Nilasaroya Anastasia , Kop Alan Matthew , Morrison David Anthony 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTuneable, bioactive hydrogels present an attractive option as cell‐instructive substrates for tissue regeneration. Properties mimicking the extracellular matrix at the site of injury are sought after, in particular the ability to regulate growth factors that are key to the regeneration process. This study demonstrates the successful formation of hydrogels with heparin functionalities and fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2). Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐heparin hydrogels were capable of retaining FGF‐2 by specific binding to heparin and subsequently showed sustained presentation of the growth factor to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). Heparin acted as stable anchoring molecules for FGF‐2 on the substrate and the synergistic effect of the ensuing heparin‐FGF‐2 complex was evident in supporting long term cell growth. The presence of heparin during 3D scaffold formation was also found to introduce surface roughness and microporosity to the resulting hydrogels. While FGF‐2 has been known to encourage MSC growth and maintain their multilineage potential, other heparin‐binding ligands such as bone morphogenetic proteins are potent differentiation stimuli for MSC. Therefore preserving MSC multipotency or a push toward a differentiation pathway may be pursued by the choice of ligand applied to and bound by the heparin functionalities on the current substrate.
Aligned graphene/silk fibroin conductive fibrous scaffolds for guiding neurite outgrowth in rat spinal cord neurons
Authors: Liu Haifeng , Wang Yuqing , Yang Yi , Wang Anqing , Huang Chongquan , Zhao Zhijun , Li Ping , Liu Meili , Fan Yubo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGraphene, as a highly conducting material, incorporated into silk fibroin (SF) substrates is promising to fabricate an electroactive flexible scaffold toward neural tissue engineering. It is well known that aligned morphology could promote cell adhesion and directional growth. The purpose of this study was to develop aligned conductive scaffolds made of graphene and SF (G/SF) by electrospinning technique for neural tissue engineering applications. The physicochemical characterization of scaffolds revealed that the mechanical and electrochemical property of aligned G/SF scaffolds continually raised with the increasing contents of graphene (A0% G/SF, A1% G/SF, A2% G/SF, and A3% G/SF), but the mechanical property descended when the graphene concentration reached to 4% (the A4% G/SF group). The results of the cell experiment in vitro indicated that all the aligned G/SF scaffolds were no neurotoxic to primary cultured spinal cord neurons. In addition, the neurite elongation in all aligned groups was significantly enhanced by the upregulation of Netrin‐1 expression compared to them in the control group. Thus, A3% G/SF scaffolds not only possessed the optimal property based on the mechanical and electrochemical performances but also displayed the beneficial capability to neurite outgrowth, which might perform a suitable candidate to successfully scaffold electrically active tissues during neural regeneration or engineering.
Osteogenic and angiogenic lineage differentiated adipose‐derived stem cells for bone regeneration of calvarial defects in rabbits
Authors: Wang Zhifa , Han Leng , Sun Tianyu , Wang Weijian , Li Xiao , Wu Buling 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCell sheet techniques are widely used in bone engineering. However, vascularization remains a challenge in fabricating vascularized engineered bone. The goal of this study was to induce adipose‐derived stem cell (ADSC) osteogenic and angiogenic lineage differentiation and investigate the use of bidiretionally differentiated ADSCs for bone regeneration. ADSCs were cultured to form an osteogenic cell sheet. Other ADSCs were induced to differentiate into endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which were identified and characterized by morphological observation and CD31 immunofluorescent staining. Then, the ADSC sheet‐EPC complexes were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice, while ADSC sheets alone were implanted as a control. After 8 weeks of transplantation, microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) and histological observation were used to assess bone formation. We then implanted the complexes in calvarial defects in rabbits and assessed bone repair by micro‐CT and histological analysis. The ADSC sheets consisted of multiple layers of cells and extracellular matrix. The obtained EPCs formed capillary‐like structures and expressed the specific antigen marker CD31. The osteogenic ADSC sheet‐EPC complexes formed dense and well‐vascularized new bone tissue at 8 weeks after implantation. Bone density was significantly lower in the control group than in the complex group (p < .05). In addition, the reconstruction of calvarial defects in rabbits in complex group was obviously greater than that in the control group (p < .05). These results suggested that the approach of engineering bone tissue with bidiretionally differentiated ADSCs enabled bone regeneration, thus offering a promising strategy for repairing bone defects.
Body condition and poxvirus infection predict circulating glucose levels in a colorful songbird that inhabits urban and rural environments
Authors: McGraw Kevin J. , Chou Katherine , Bridge Annika , McGraw Hannah C. , McGraw Peyton R. , Simpson Richard K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is widespread contemporary interest in causes and consequences of blood glucose status in humans (e.g., links to diabetes and cardiovascular disease), but we know comparatively less about what underlies variation in glucose levels of wild animals. Several environmental factors, including diet, disease status, and habitat quality, may regulate glucose circulation, and we are in need of work that assesses many organismal traits simultaneously to understand the plasticity and predictability of glucose levels in ecological and evolutionary contexts. Here, we measured circulating glucose levels in a species of passerine bird (the house finch,Haemorhous mexicanus) that has served as a valuable model for research on sexual selection, disease, and urban behavioral ecology, as these animals display sexually dichromatic ornamental coloration, harbor many infectious diseases (e.g., poxvirus, coccidiosis, mycoplasmal conjunctivitis), and reside in both natural habitats and cities. We tested the effects of sex, habitat type, body condition, coccidiosis and poxvirus infections, and expression of carotenoid plumage coloration on blood glucose concentrations and found that the body condition and poxvirus infection significantly predicted circulating glucose levels. Specifically, birds with higher blood glucose levels had higher body condition scores and were infected with poxvirus. This result is consistent with biomedical, domesticated‐animal, and wildlife‐rehabilitation findings, and the premise that glucose elevation is a physiological response to or indicator of infection and relative body weight. The fact that we failed to find links between glucose and our other measurements suggests that blood glucose levels can reveal some but not all aspects of organismal or environmental quality.
Long‐term benefit of enzyme replacement therapy with alglucosidase alfa in adults with Pompe disease: Prospective analysis from the French Pompe Registry
Authors: Semplicini Claudio , De Antonio Marie , Taouagh Nadjib , Béhin Anthony , Bouhour Françoise , Echaniz‐Laguna Andoni , Magot Armelle , Nadaj‐Pakleza Aleksandra , Orlikowski David , Sacconi Sabrina , Salort‐Campana Emmanuelle , Solé Guilhem , Tard Céline , Zagnoli Fabien , Hogrel Jean‐Yves , Hamroun Dalil , Laforêt Pascal ,   French Pompe Study Group
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite a wide clinical spectrum, the adult form of Pompe disease is the most common one, and represents more than 90% of diagnosed patients in France. Since the marketing of enzyme replacement therapy (alglucosidase alfa, Myozyme), all reports to date in adults demonstrated an improvement of the walking distance, and a trend toward stabilization of respiratory function, but the majority of these studies were less than 5 years of duration. We report here the findings from 158 treated patients included in the French Pompe Registry, who underwent regular clinical assessments based on commonly used standardized tests (6‐minute walking test, MFM scale, sitting vital capacity, MIP and MEP). For longitudinal analyses, the linear mixed effects models were used to assess trends in primary endpoints over time under ERT. A two‐phase model better described the changes in distance traveled in the 6‐minute walk test and MFM. 6MWT showed an initial significant increase (1.4% ± 0.5/year) followed by a progressive decline (−2.3%/year), with a cut‐off point at 2.2 years. A similar pattern was observed in total MFM score (6.6% ± 2.3/year followed by a − 1.1%/year decline after 0.5 years). A single‐phase decline with a slope of −0.9 ± 0.1%/year (P < .001) was observed for FVC, and MEP remained stable over the all duration of follow‐up. This study provides further evidence that ERT improves walking abilities and likely stabilizes respiratory function in adult patients with Pompe disease, with a ceiling effect for the 6MWT in the first 3 years of treatment.
Reaction acceleration at air‐solution interfaces: Anisotropic rate constants for Katritzky transamination
Authors: Li Yangjie , Mehari Tsdale F. , Wei Zhenwei , Liu Yong , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo disentangle the factors controlling the rates of accelerated reactions in droplets, we used mass spectrometry to study the Katritzky transamination in levitated Leidenfrost droplets of different yet constant volumes over a range of concentrations while holding concentration constant by adding back the evaporated solvent. The set of concentration and droplet volume data indicates that the reaction rate in the surface region is much higher than that in the interior. These same effects of concentration and volume were also seen in bulk solutions. Three pyrylium reagents with different surface activity showed differences in transamination reactivity. The conclusion is drawn that reactions with surface‐active reactants are subject to greater acceleration, as seen particularly at lower concentrations in systems of higher surface‐to‐volume ratios. These results highlight the key role that air‐solution interfaces play in Katritzky reaction acceleration. They are also consistent with the view that reaction‐increased rate constant is at least in part due to limited solvation of reagents at the interface.