bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimiert für die additive Fertigung
Authors: Sauer Beate 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMit dem Filament VICTREX AM 200 hat Victrex ein speziell für die additive Fertigung entwickelt und optimiert. Bisher erhältliche PEEK‐Materialien werden zwar für einige Anwendungen in der additiven Fertigung genutzt, wurden aber für herkömmliche Herstellungsverfahren wie Zerspanen und Spritzguss entwickelt. Die Firma INTAMSYS wird als erster 3D‐Drucker‐Hersteller das neue PAEK‐Filament von Victrex anbieten.
Beim Sparen helfen
Authors: Saulich Katja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn der Herstellung biobasierter Produkte durch biotechnologische Verfahren liegen große Potenziale für Ressourceneffizienz. Gute‐Praxis‐Beispiele zeigen, dass Unternehmen jährlich erhebliche Mengen an natürlichen Ressourcen einsparen können und darüber hinaus eine geringere Abfallmenge entsorgen müssen. Dies resultiert in verringerten Material‐, Energie‐ sowie Entsorgungskosten. Das VDI Zentrum Ressourceneffizienz (VDI ZRE) stellt im Auftrag des Bundesumweltministeriums kostenlose Instrumente als Unterstützung für die Entwicklung und Optimierung eines eigenen biotechnologischen Verfahrens zur Verfügung.
A prospective study of pediatric and adolescent renal cell carcinoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group AREN0321 study
Authors: Geller James I. , Cost Nicholas G. , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Tornwall Brett , Cajaiba Mariana , Perlman Elizabeth J. , Kim Yeonil , Mullen Elizabeth A. , Glick Richard D. , Khanna Geetika , Daw Najat C. , Ehrlich Peter , Fernandez Conrad V. , Dome Jeffrey S. ,   the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Renal Tumor Committee
Published: September 2020

BackgroundTo the authors' knowledge, AREN0321 is the first prospective clinical study of pediatric and adolescent renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Goals of the study included establishing epidemiological, treatment, and outcome data and confirming that patients with completely resected pediatric RCC, including lymph node–positive disease (N1), have a favorable prognosis without adjuvant therapy.MethodsFrom 2006 to 2012, patients aged <30 years with centrally reviewed pathology of RCC were enrolled prospectively.ResultsA total of 68 patients were enrolled (39 of whom were male; median age of 13 years [range, 0.17‐22.1 years]). Stage was classified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM stage seventh edition as stage I in 26 patients, stage II in 7 patients, stage III in 26 patients, and stage IV in 8 patients, and was not available in 1 patient. Sixty patients underwent resection of all known sites of disease, including 2 patients with stage IV disease. Surgery included radical nephrectomy (53 patients [81.5%]), partial nephrectomy (12 patients [18.5%]), and unknown (3 patients [4.4%]). Histology was TFE‐associated RCC (translocation‐type RCC; tRCC) in 40 patients, RCC not otherwise specified and/or other in 13 patients, papillary RCC in 9 patients, and renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) in 6 patients. Lymph node status was N0 in 21 patients, N1 in 21 patients (tRCC in 15 patients, RMC in 3 patients, papillary RCC in 2 patients, and not otherwise specified and/or other in 1 patient), and Nx in 26 patients. The 4‐year event‐free survival and overall survival rates were 80.2% (95% CI, 69.6%‐90.9%) and 84.8% (95% CI, 75.2%‐94.5%), respectively, overall and 87.5% (95% CI, 68.3%‐100%) and 87.1% (95% CI, 67.6%‐100%), respectively, for the 16 patients with N1M0 disease. Among patients presenting with metastases, 2 of 8 patients (2 of 5 patients with RMC) were alive (1 with disease) at the time of last follow‐up, including 1 patient who was lost to follow‐up (succinate dehydrogenase deficiency). The predominant RCC subtypes associated with mortality were tRCC and RMC.ConclusionsFavorable short‐term outcomes can be achieved without adjuvant therapy in children and adolescents with completely resected RCC, independent of lymph node status. A prospective study of patients with tRCC and RMC with M1 or recurrent disease is needed to optimize treatment.
Developmental distribution of primary cilia in the retinofugal visual pathway
Authors: Alvarado Jorge A. , Dhande Onkar S. , Prosseda Philipp P. , Kowal Tia J. , Ning Ke , Jabbehdari Sayena , Hu Yang , Sun Yang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe mammalian visual system is composed of circuitry connecting sensory input from the retina to the processing core of the visual cortex. The two main retinorecipient brain targets, the superior colliculus (SC) and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), bridge retinal input and visual output. The primary cilium is a conserved organelle increasingly viewed as a critical sensor for the regulation of developmental and homeostatic pathways in most mammalian cell types. Moreover, cilia have been described as crucial for neurogenesis, neuronal maturation, and survival in the cortex and retina. However, cilia in the visual relay center remain to be fully described. In this study, we characterized the ciliation profile of the SC and dLGN and found that the overall number of ciliated cells declined during development. Interestingly, shorter ciliated cells in both regions were identified as neurons, whose numbers remained stable over time, suggesting that cilia retention is a critical feature for optimal neuronal function in SC and dLGN. Our study suggests that primary cilia are important for neuronal maturation and function in cells of the SC and dLGN.
Gynaecologic cancer care during COVID‐19 pandemic in India: a social media survey
Authors: Kumari Sarita 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHealth care services across the globe are undergoing a major transformation to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Regardless of the strength of health care infrastructure across different economies, all countries are diverting their resources toward care for COVID‐19 patients.AimThe aim of this survey was to evaluate the pattern of care of gynaecologic cancers in a developing country during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsAn anonymous survey consisting of 20 questions intended for the gynaecologic cancer care providers with emphasis on their current practice and approach to their patients was distributed online via social media from April 30 to May 31, 2020. Basic descriptive statistics were applied.ResultsAmong a total of 61 respondents, 63.9% were gynaecologic oncologists, 18.0% were radiation oncologists and 18.0% were medical oncologists. Majority, that is, 95.1% health care professionals felt that COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant change on their practice pattern and 56.2% practitioners had stopped registering new cases of cancer. In 75.4% centers surgery was being done for gynaecologic cancer cases and among them 60.8% were doing surgery only for cases requiring immediate intervention. Among the centers providing chemotherapy, 39.1% had switched to oral drugs. Among the centers providing radiation, 40.9% were providing radiation to cases based on their type and urgency and 9.0% had implemented hypofractionation. In early stage low risk cases, majority, that is, 34.0% centers were managing as before. In early stage high‐risk cases, 32.6% centers were managing as before. In advanced stage endometrial cancer cases, 28.8% had postponed any treatment and 28.8% administered chemotherapy. In early stage, epithelial ovarian cancer 65.9% centers were performing complete staging of the disease. In advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer, 65.9% centers preferred biopsy followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 11.3% centers performed primary debulking surgery. In cases of interval debulking surgery, 73.3% centers deferred surgery till all six cycles of chemotherapy was completed. In cases of recurrent ovarian cancer amenable for secondary debulking surgery, 38.6% preferred chemotherapy. In early stage cervical cancer, surgical treatment was provided in 46.5% centers. In locally advanced cervical cancer, chemoradiation was given in 65.9% centers. In cases of metastatic cervical cancer, 46.6% centers were performing palliative radiation.ConclusionCOVID‐19 has affected the treatment of gynecologic cancers patients and health care professionals are trying to mitigate the damage by incorporating new elements which are suited to the current scenario.
Gold Microelectrodes Decorated by Spike‐Like Nanostructures as a Promising Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensor
Authors: Hovancová Jana , Niščáková Veronika , Šišoláková Ivana , Oriňaková Renáta , Maskaľová Iveta , Oriňak Andrej , Kovaľ Karol 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGold microelectrodes modified via easy method by gold nanostructures were studied as an ideal substrate for non‐enzymatic glucose detection. The results confirmed that spike‐like nanostructure displays the best electrocatalytic activity because of higher amount of edges. Results prove that modified electrode is able to detect glucose in two linear ranges from 100–500 μM and 0.5–30 mM, with limit of detection (48 μM), high sensitivities for both linear ranges (1.7 μA/mM and 2.4 μA/mM), and good stability. In addition, modified electrodes were able to detect glucose in blood serum. This work demonstrates glucose detection on miniaturised system.
Investigation on the physicochemical properties of coal char during pressurized pyrolysis and the mineral transformations of coal ash during pressurized O2/N2 and O2/CO2 combustion
Authors: Lei Ming , Sun Cen , Zhang Yanchao 
Published: September 2020

SummaryPhysicochemical properties of coal char during pressurized pyrolysis and the mineral transformations of coal ash during pressurized O2/N2 and O2/CO2 combustion were investigated by a pressurized tube furnace with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The results indicated that as the pyrolysis pressure increased, the decompositions of the aromatic ring structure and the hydroxyl hydrogen bonds of char were enhanced and the aromatic ring transformed to the low‐substituted single ring. Meanwhile, the aliphatic chain and carboxyl group in the char shortened at elevated pressures. Furthermore, pressurized pyrolysis increased the degree of graphitization of the char, which further influenced the microcrystalline parameters of char. During the pyrolysis process, the decompositions of some low‐temperature minerals in the char were inhibited by the elevated pressure. In addition, the effect of the furnace temperature on the mineral transformations of char was more significant than the effect of the furnace pressure. Compared to what observed at atmospheric pressure, the primary minerals in the coal ash remained the same at elevated pressure, but their relative contents changed to some extent. And, the influence of the furnace pressure on the transformations of minerals in the ash was mainly affected by the combustion temperatures of different ignition mechanisms at different pressures. Compared to the O2/N2 mixture, the decompositions of low‐temperature minerals and the formations of high‐temperature minerals were restrained due to the relatively low combustion temperature in the O2/CO2 mixture. And, the furnace temperature instead of the furnace pressure was the primary factor which influenced the mineral transformations of ash.
Unmanned aerial vehicles integratedHetNetfor smart dense urban area
Authors: Gupta Akshita , Gupta Sachin Kumar , Rashid Mamoon , Khan Amina , Manjul Manisha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to the massive growth of mobile users, the demand for data traffic along with coverage enhancement has significantly increased and put a significant burden on the pre‐existing system like infrastructure based cellular networks, etc., especially in the urban zone. The inabilities and inefficiencies of pre‐existing systems in handling a large number of traffic demands is a major concern. One way by which the existing infrastructure based cellular network can fulfill the above requirements by the increasing power level of radiations. But increasing the radiation power levels above a safety value defined by international exposure standards results in adverse health effects in the society. The impact is more on the urban societies because of congestion dwelling than rural areas. A vital solution to the above challenges of full filling the user's demand capacity as well as prevent the society from adverse health effects are to control ground‐level data plane network aerially. That is not to make mobile users utterly dependent on the existing base stations. This could be possible through such as Loon Technology, Tethered Balloon, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) concept, etc. The key objective is to efficiently deploy a HetNet wireless network using UAVs in urban canyons for great coverage and capacity enhancement and reduce the effects of radiations. The simulation results show the betterment in spectral efficiency, transmission range, transmission delays, and efficient packet delivery.
Water vapor effects on CO2 separation of amine‐containing facilitated transport membranes (AFTMs) module: mathematical modeling using tanks‐in‐series approach
Authors: Yang Qiang , Lin Qianguo , Sammarchi Sergio , Li Jia , Li Sa , Wang Dong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmine‐containing facilitated transport membranes (AFTMs) are emerging membranes and have great potential for CO2 capture. AFTMs are particularly suitable for humid flue gases, as water vapor enhances the facilitated transportation of CO2. However, there is a lack of mathematical models available to evaluate the impact of water vapor on CO2 separation performance for large‐scale membrane modules. Therefore, developing a mathematical model considering the water vapor effects is of great importance to guide the large‐scale applications of AFTMs for CO2 capture.In this study, a mathematical model using tanks‐in‐series approach for CO2 capture through AFTMs is proposed. In this model, the tanks‐in‐series approach can reflect the variable (water vapor‐dependent) gas permeance along the membrane module. Modeling results showed the necessity of considering the effect of water vapor content decline along the module. In addition, both increasing temperature and pressure primarily lead to a faster decline of relative humidity (RH) along the membrane module, resulting in an increase of CO2 recovery but a decrease of CO2 product purity. For a gas stream with relatively low water vapor content (<2% in this study), different H2O permeance has a minor effect on separation performance. Moreover, permeate gas with higher water vapor content as well as higher RH is considered more suitable for further treatment of second stage membrane separation. In conclusion, the proposed model provides insights for comprehensive parameter analysis of membrane CO2 capture simulation and could support the development of large‐scale AFTMs separation applications, particularly for systems design and more accurate performance estimation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whole‐brain computational modeling reveals disruption of microscale brain dynamics in HIV infected individuals
Authors: Zhuang Yuchuan , Zhang Zhengwu , Tivarus Madalina , Qiu Xing , Zhong Jianhui , Schifitto Giovanni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMRI‐based neuroimaging techniques have been used to investigate brain injury associated with HIV‐infection. Whole‐brain cortical mean‐field dynamic modeling provides a way to integrate structural and functional imaging outcomes, allowing investigation of microscale brain dynamics. In this study, we adopted the relaxed mean‐field dynamic modeling to investigate structural and functional connectivity in 42 HIV‐infected subjects before and after 12‐week of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and compared them with 46 age‐matched healthy subjects. Microscale brain dynamics were modeled by a set of parameters including two region‐specific microscale brain properties, recurrent connection strengths, and subcortical inputs. We also analyzed the relationship between the model parameters (i.e., the recurrent connection and subcortical inputs) and functional network topological characterizations, including smallworldness, clustering coefficient, and network efficiency. The results show that untreated HIV‐infected individuals have disrupted local brain dynamics that in part correlate with network topological measurements. Notably, after 12 weeks of cART, both the microscale brain dynamics and the network topological measurements improved and were closer to those in the healthy brain. This was also associated with improved cognitive performance, suggesting that improvement in local brain dynamics translates into clinical improvement.
The characteristics of intestinal flora of IBS‐D with different syndromes
Authors: Chao Guanqun , Zhang Shuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo study the distribution of fecal microbiota in diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐D) patients of spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency and liver depression and spleen deficiency, to make an objective foundation for dialectics of different type of IBS‐D. And to provide the clinical doctors an experimental basis for medication by regulating dysbacteriosis.MethodsWe collected feces from the control group, spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency IBS‐D group, and liver‐depression and spleen‐deficiency IBS‐D group. After the extraction of fecal DNA, global DNA was isolated from every sample, and 16S ribosomal RNA was sequenced, and then we analyzed the results for bacteria such as Alpha diversity, community composition, LEfSe, and partial least squares discriminant analysis.ResultsWe compared the changes among the fecal bacteria in the intestine of the IBS‐D patients and healthy controls and found the specificity of spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency syndrome and liver‐depression and spleen‐deficiency syndrome. The control group has the highest flora diversity (control group > liver‐depression and spleen‐deficiency > spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency group). The control group, spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency group, and liver‐depression and spleen‐deficiency group are different in phylum (Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria), class (Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria), order (Enterobacteriales, Bifidobacteriales, Fusobacteriales), and family (Bifidobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Fusobacteriaceae). Bifidobacteriaceae and Ruminococcaceae in the control group, Enterobacteriales, Fusobacteriales, Acidaminococcaceae, and Phascolarctobacterium in the spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency group, and streptococcus are the specific bacteria in the liver‐depression and spleen‐deficiency group. Intestinal flora disturbance is closely related to IBS‐D.ConclusionsThere is a correlation between traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type and intestinal flora. The control group, the spleen–kidney‐yang deficiency group, and the liver‐depression and spleen‐deficiency group have specific bacteria.
Boosting the autophagy‐lysosomal pathway by phytochemicals: A potential therapeutic strategy against Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Nourbakhsh Fahimeh , Read Morgayn I. , Barreto George E. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe lysosome is a membrane‐enclosed organelle in eukaryotic cells, which has basic pattern recognition for nutrient‐dependent signal transduction. In Alzheimer's disease, the already declining autophagy‐lysosomal function is exacerbated by an increased need for clearance of damaged proteins and organelles in aged cells. Recent evidence suggests that numerous diseases are linked to impaired autophagy upstream of lysosomes. In this way, a comprehensive survey on the pathophysiology of the disease seems necessary. Hence, in the first section of this review, we will discuss the ultimate findings in lysosomal signaling functions and how they affect cellular metabolism and trafficking under neurodegenerative conditions, specifically Alzheimer's disease. In the second section, we focus on how natural products and their derivatives are involved in the regulation of inflammation and lysosomal dysfunction pathways, including how these should be considered a crucial target for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.
Weight loss over time and survival: a landmark analysis of 1000+ prospectively treated and monitored lung cancer patients
Authors: Le‐Rademacher Jennifer , Lopez Camden , Wolfe Eric , Foster Nathan R. , Mandrekar Sumithra J. , Wang Xiaofei , Kumar Rajiv , Adjei Alex , Jatoi Aminah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEligibility criteria and endpoints for cancer cachexia trials—and whether weight loss should be included—remain controversial. Although most cachexia trials enrol patients after initial cancer diagnosis, few studies have addressed whether weight loss well after a cancer diagnosis is prognostic.MethodsWe pooled data from non‐small cell lung cancer patients from prospectively conducted trials within the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology (1998–2008), a nationally funded infrastructure. We examined (i) weight data availability and weight changes and (ii) survival.ResultsA total of 822 patients were examined. Of these, 659 (80%) were on treatment at the beginning of Cycle 2 of chemotherapy; weight was available for 656 (80%). By Cycles 3 and 4, weight was available for 448 (55%) and 384 (47%), respectively. From baseline to immediately prior to Cycle 2, 208 (32%) gained weight; 225 (34%) lost <2% of baseline weight; and 223 (34% of 656) lost 2% or more. Median survival from the beginning of Cycle 2 was 13.0, 10.9, and 6.9 months for patients with weight gain, weight loss of <2%, and weight loss of 2% or more, respectively. In multivariate analyses, adjusted for age, sex, performance score, type of treatment, and body mass index, weight loss of 2% or more was associated with poor overall survival compared with weight gain [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33–2.07; P < 0.001] and compared with weight loss of <2% (HR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.27–1.95; P < 0.001). Although weight loss of <2% was not associated with poorer overall survival compared with weight gain, it was associated with poorer progression‐free survival (HR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.01–1.51; P = 0.036). Similar findings were observed in a separate 255‐patient validation cohort.ConclusionsWeight should be integrated into cancer cachexia trials because of its ease of frequent measurement and sustained prognostic association.
The turnover contagion process: An integrative review of theoretical and empirical research
Authors: Porter Caitlin M. , Rigby James R. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryEmployee turnover has long been considered a prominent concern for managers because it is associated with expenses, such as loss of productivity and replacement costs. Moreover, employee turnover is also detrimental to an organization because it may stimulate additional incidents of turnover within the workplace. That is, employee turnover can be “contagious” in that employees tend to imitate the turnover‐related attitudes and behaviors of their coworkers. To date, the “turnover contagion” phenomenon has been investigated from multiple perspectives, splintering this research into several, seemingly distinct topics. Because of such diverse approaches to studying the spread of turnover, we lack a clear perspective on what turnover contagion is, how the turnover contagion process unfolds, and how to manage it. To resolve the ambiguities surrounding the turnover contagion process, we review 42 research papers relevant to the turnover contagion process. Based on our review, we present an integrated perspective on “turnover contagion” that clearly delineates this phenomenon, describes what the extant research says about how coworker turnover processes impact employees' propensities to leave, and offers future research directions with the potential to deepen our understanding and management of turnover contagion.