bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between cell swelling and glycogen content in cultured astrocytes
Authors: Dombro Roy S. , Bender Alex S. , Norenberg Michael D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTreatment of cultured rat astrocytes with hypotonic media or with 1 mM glutamate for 90 min caused cell swelling and a significant increase in glycogen content. Conversely, treatment with hypertonic media caused cell shrinkage with a corresponding decrease in astrocyte glycogen, which was proportional to the increasing osmolality of the hypertonic media. The glutamate receptor antagonist, MK‐801, lowered both the glutamate‐induced swelling and glycogen increase. These findings demonstrate a correlation between changes in cell volume and astrocyte glycogen content. This may explain the increased astrocytic glycogen observed in many neuropathological conditions where astrocyte swelling occurs. Because glycogen represents the largest energy reserve in the central nervous system, a swelling‐induced disturbance in glycogen metabolism may lead to abnormal glial‐neuronal interactions resulting in impaired brain bioenergetics.
Relationships between attempted suicide, temperamental vulnerability, and violent criminality in a Swedish forensic psychiatric population
Authors: Gunilla Stålenheim E. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe relationship between suicide attempts and different vulnerability factors was investigated in 61 male subjects during forensic psychiatric examination. Personality traits and psychopathy were determined by means of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Clinical diagnoses were determined by the use of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was investigated in 58 subjects.Suicide attempters had extremely low socialization and high impulsive aggression. This was independent of a history of repeatedly criminal violence or not. They had higher PCL-R scores and lower levels of platelet MAO activity than non-attempters. No relationship was found between suicide attempts and repeated violent criminality. However, among the subjects with repeated criminal violence there was a highly significant difference between suicide attempters and non-attempters, indicating different personality profiles in violent offenders with and without suicidal behavior. Suicidal behavior was significantly associated with borderline personality disorder, but not with any other single DSM-III-R disorder. The results show a far more severe personality disturbance in suicide attempters than in other violent patients in this type of population. Suicidal behavior should therefore be evaluated and treated per se.
Twenty‐Four Hour Activity and Sleep Profiles for Adults Living with Arthritis: Habits Matter
Authors: Feehan Lynne M. , Lu Na , Xie Hui , Li Linda C. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo identify 24‐hour activity–sleep profiles in adults with arthritis and explore factors associated with profile membership.MethodsOur study comprised a cross‐sectional cohort and used baseline data from 2 randomized trials studying activity counseling for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or knee osteoarthritis (OA). Participants wore activity monitors for 1 week and completed surveys for demographic information, mood (Patient Health Questionnaire 9), and sitting and walking habits (Self‐Reported Habit Index). A total of 1,440 minutes/day were stratified into minutes off body (activity unknown), sleeping, resting, nonambulatory, and intermittent or purposeful ambulation. Latent class analysis determined cluster numbers; baseline‐category multinomial logit regression identified factors associated with cluster membership.ResultsOur cohort included 172 individuals, including 51% with RA, 30% with OA, and 19% with SLE. We identified 4 activity–sleep profiles (clusters) that were characterized primarily by differences in time in nonambulatory activity: high sitters (6.9 hours sleep, 1.6 hours rest, 13.2 hours nonambulatory activity, and 1.6 hours intermittent and 0.3 hours purposeful walking), low sleepers (6.5 hours sleep, 1.2 hours rest, 12.2 hours nonambulatory activity, and 3.3 hours intermittent and 0.6 hours purposeful walking), high sleepers (8.4 hours sleep, 1.9 hours rest, 10.4 hours nonambulatory activity, and 2.5 hours intermittent and 0.3 hours purposeful walking), and balanced activity (7.4 hours sleep, 1.5 hours sleep, 9.4 hours nonambulatory activity, and 4.4 hours intermittent and 0.8 hours purposeful walking). Younger age (odds ratio [OR] 0.95 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.91–0.99]), weaker occupational sitting habit (OR 0.55 [95% CI 0.41–0.76]), and stronger walking outside habit (OR 1.43 [95% CI 1.06–1.91]) were each associated with balanced activity relative to high sitters.ConclusionMeaningful subgroups were identified based on 24‐hour activity–sleep patterns. Tailoring interventions based on 24‐hour activity–sleep profiles may be indicated, particularly in adults with stronger habitual sitting or weaker walking behaviors.
Addressing Health Literacy Needs in Rheumatology: Which Patient Health Literacy Profiles Need the Attention of Health Professionals?
Authors: Bakker Mark M. , Putrik Polina , Rademakers Jany , van de Laar Mart , Vonkeman Harald , Kok Marc R. , Voorneveld‐Nieuwenhuis Hanneke , Ramiro Sofia , de Wit Maarten , Buchbinder Rachelle , Batterham Roy , Osborne Richard H. , Boonen Annelies 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo identify and describe health literacy profiles of patients with rheumatic diseases and explore whether the identified health literacy profiles can be generalized to a broader rheumatology context.MethodsPatients with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and gout from 3 hospitals in different regions in The Netherlands completed the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify patients’ health literacy profiles based on 9 HLQ domains. A multinomial regression model with the identified health literacy profiles as the dependent variable was fitted to assess whether patients with a given disease type or attending a given hospital were more likely to belong to a specific profile.ResultsAmong 895 participating patients, the lowest mean HLQ domain scores (indicating most difficulty) were found for “critical appraisal,” “navigating the health system,” and “finding good health information.” The 10 identified profiles revealed substantial diversity in combinations of strengths and weaknesses. While 42% of patients scored moderate to high on all 9 domains (profiles 1 and 3), another 42% of patients (profiles 2, 4, 5, and 6) clearly struggled with 1 or several aspects of health literacy. Notably, 16% (profiles 7–10) exhibited difficulty across a majority of health literacy domains. The probability of belonging to one of the profiles was independent of the hospital where the patient was treated or the type of rheumatic disease.ConclusionTen distinct health literacy profiles were identified among patients with rheumatic diseases, independent of disease type and treating hospital. These profiles can be used to facilitate the development of health literacy interventions in rheumatology.
NbIr2B2 and TaIr2B2 – New Low Symmetry Noncentrosymmetric Superconductors with Strong Spin–Orbit Coupling
Authors: Górnicka Karolina , Gui Xin , Wiendlocha Bartlomiej , Nguyen Loi T. , Xie Weiwei , Cava Robert J. , Klimczuk Tomasz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSuperconductivity was first observed more than a century ago, but the search for new superconducting materials remains a challenge. The Cooper pairs in superconductors are ideal embodiments of quantum entanglement. Thus, novel superconductors can be critical for both learning about electronic systems in condensed matter and for possible application in future quantum technologies. Here two previously unreported materials, NbIr2B2 and TaIr2B2, are presented with superconducting transitions at 7.2 and 5.2 K, respectively. They display a unique noncentrosymmetric crystal structure, and for both compounds the magnetic field that destroys the superconductivity at 0 K exceeds one of the fundamental characteristics of conventional superconductors (the “Pauli limit”), suggesting that the superconductivity may be unconventional. Supporting this experimentally based deduction, first‐principle calculations show a spin‐split Fermi surface due to the presence of strong spin–orbit coupling. These materials may thus provide an excellent platform for the study of unconventional superconductivity in intermetallic compounds.
Scalable Functionalization of Optical Fibers Using Atomically Thin Semiconductors
Authors: Ngo Gia Quyet , George Antony , Schock Robin Tristan Klaus , Tuniz Alessandro , Najafidehaghani Emad , Gan Ziyang , Geib Nils C. , Bucher Tobias , Knopf Heiko , Saravi Sina , Neumann Christof , Lühder Tilman , Schartner Erik P. , Warren‐Smith Stephen C. , Ebendorff‐Heidepriem Heike , Pertsch Thomas , Schmidt Markus A. , Turchanin Andrey , Eilenberger Falk 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAtomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides are highly promising for integrated optoelectronic and photonic systems due to their exciton‐driven linear and nonlinear interactions with light. Integrating them into optical fibers yields novel opportunities in optical communication, remote sensing, and all‐fiber optoelectronics. However, the scalable and reproducible deposition of high‐quality monolayers on optical fibers is a challenge. Here, the chemical vapor deposition of monolayer MoS2 and WS2 crystals on the core of microstructured exposed‐core optical fibers and their interaction with the fibers’ guided modes are reported. Two distinct application possibilities of 2D‐functionalized waveguides to exemplify their potential are demonstrated. First, the excitonic 2D material photoluminescence is simultaneously excited and collected with the fiber modes, opening a novel route to remote sensing. Then it is shown that third‐harmonic generation is modified by the highly localized nonlinear polarization of the monolayers, yielding a new avenue to tailor nonlinear optical processes in fibers. It is anticipated that the results may lead to significant advances in optical‐fiber‐based technologies.
Visualization of Shallow‐Groove Expansion of Au(111) Facet under Methane Pyrolysis
Authors: Li Xiang , Shen Yongli , Ge Mengke , Deng Ziliang , Yuan Wenjuan , Xi Wei , Luo Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetallic catalyst facets are considered pivotal in determining the activity and selectivity of heterogeneous catalysis. However, the characterization of the dynamic evolution of metallic catalyst facets remains unsatisfactory, and the identification of evolved facets relies upon phenomenological criteria. Here, to understand the functional mechanism of catalyst facet formation, the dynamic evolution of the Au(111) facet is investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy during methane pyrolysis. A shallow groove of a few atoms in depth is formed and expanded on the Au(111) facet. Density functional theory results show that the adsorption of carbon weakens the AuAu bonds, facilitating Au atom removal from the surface. Finally, a new flat Au(111) facet is formed. Thus, the facets undergo dynamic evolution during the actual pyrolytic reaction. This research may promote understanding of the catalytic mechanism and guide the design of the next generation of highly efficient catalysts.
Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Reactions among Two Distinct Arenes and One Gold Carbene with Phosphoric Acids as Cocatalysts
Authors: Patil Manoj D. , Kale Balaji S. , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGold‐catalyzed oxidative cross‐coupling reactions of two distinct arenes with one gold carbene furnish triarylmethane products. Notably, competitive homo‐coupling reactions are efficiently suppressed with a phosphoric acid as co‐catalyst (10 mol%) in THF. These cross‐coupling reactions have a wide scope of applicable substrates, with respect to indoles, arylamines, and α‐aryl diazo cyanides or esters. Our mechanistic analysis indicates that the basicity of the arylanilines greatly affects the cross‐coupling efficiency.magnified image
Vertical Integration of 2D Building Blocks for All‐2D Electronics
Authors: Tang Jian , Wang Qinqin , Wei Zheng , Shen Cheng , Lu Xiaobo , Wang Shuopei , Zhao Yanchong , Liu Jieying , Li Na , Chu Yanbang , Tian Jinpeng , Wu Fanfan , Yang Wei , He Congli , Yang Rong , Shi Dongxia , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Zhang Guangyu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract2D materials are promising building blocks for novel electronic devices. It is possible that future electronic devices will be entirely made of 2D materials to fully realize their potential, due to their natural thinness, atomically flat surface/interfaces and diverse properties. In this work, three typical 2D materials, i.e., monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and few layer graphene (FLG) serving as semiconducting, dielectric, and contact/gating materials, respectively, are assembled for vertically integrated multilayer devices via the layer‐by‐layer stacking process. An individual layer of all‐2D field effect transistors (FETs) shows comprehensive device performances with parameters of ultralow off‐current ≈100 fA, ultrahigh on/off ratio approaching to 1010, ideal subthreshold swing (SS) ≈100 mV dec−1, and decent room temperature mobility up to 52 cm2 V−1 s−1, benefiting from the effective dual‐gate modulation and high contact quality. Vertically stacked multilayers of all‐2D FETs are successfully achieved with nearly multiplied on‐current density, equivalent device mobility, and persevered on/off ratio and SS of the individual layers. The vertical integration of multilayered devices with different layer functions, e.g., memory, logic and sensor, are further demonstrated. This work provides a technological base for future high‐performance integrated devices based on all‐2D materials.
Congenital hiatal hernia segregating with a duplication in 9q22.31q22.32 in two families
Authors: Chang Caitlin A. , Di Donato Nataliya , Hackmann Karl , Argiropoulos Bob , Ferreira Patrick , Innes A. Micheil , Thomas Mary Ann 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCongenital hiatal hernia (HH) is a rare congenital defect and is often described on a sporadic basis, but familial cases have also been reported. The mechanism of development is not well understood, and to our knowledge no specific genetic factors have been implicated to date. We report on seven individuals from two families with 9q22 duplication, who have variably associated features including congenital HH in four individuals. One family had an 1.09 Mb 9q22 duplication, and the other family had an overlapping 2.73 Mb 9q22 duplication. We review the genes in this region and discuss BARX1 (BarH‐like homeobox gene 1) as a gene of interest.
Natriierung von Substituierten Acrylonitrilen, Alkenylsulfiden und Acrylaten im Kontinuierlichen Durchfluss
Authors: Harenberg Johannes H. , Weidmann Niels , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDie Natriierung von substituierten Acrylonitrilen und Alkenylsulfiden in einem Aufbau für kontinuierlichen Durchfluss mittels NaDA (Natriumdiisopropylamid) in EtNMe2 oder NaTMP (Natrium‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidid)⋅TMEDA in n‐Hexan ermöglicht die Herstellung natriierter Acrylonitrile und Alkenylsulfide, welche unmittelbar im Kolben mit verschiedenen Elektrophilen wie beispielsweise Aldehyden, Ketonen, Disulfiden und allylischen Bromiden zu funktionalisierten Acrylonitrilen und Alkenylsulfiden reagieren. Diese Methode im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss wurde erfolgreich auf andere Acrylate unter Barbier‐ähnlichen Bedingungen erweitert.
Improved intact peptide and protein quantitation by LC‐MS: Battling the deleterious effects of analyte adsorption
Authors: Murphy EmmaRae L. , Joy Andrew P. , Ouellette Rodney J. , Barnett David A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPeptide and protein quantitation by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry relies on the assumption of linear signal response with concentration. At low concentrations, analyte adsorption to pipette tips, sample vials and equipment can have significant deleterious effects on signal response. Meanwhile at high concentrations, linearity breaks down due to competitive ionization, signal suppression, and the formation of peptide or protein multimers. These effects result in calibration curves that are more sigmoidal than linear. Linearity at low protein levels for identification and quantitation is of paramount importance in the discovery and validation of biomarker molecules. Herein, we demonstrate the benefits of using commercial low‐bind microcentrifuge tubes and LC vials on the response of a 27‐mer peptide, Vn96, and the intact proteins apomyoglobin and carbonic anhydrase. Linear curves were acquired for Vn96 while apomyoglobin required the addition of intact carbonic anhydrase as an adsorption competitor to achieve linearity. A linear calibration curve for carbonic anhydrase was also acquired by using the polypeptide ubiquitin as an adsorption competitor and internal standard. Linear response was recorded for approximately two orders of magnitude for apomyoglobin and carbonic anhydrase and three orders of magnitude for Vn96 with detection limits ranging from 0.33 to 19 fmol/µL. Finally, we used low‐bind vials for the online enzymatic digestion of apomyoglobin where a high concentration of apomyoglobin acted as an adsorption blocker for the low level trypsin enzyme. Fortunately, the liberated tryptic peptides showed no affinity for the walls of the low‐bind vials. In this study, we take a comprehensive approach to combat analyte adsorption by showing the significance of utilizing low‐bind vials and adsorption competitors to greatly improve upon signal sensitivity at low concentrations of target molecules. The use of these methodologies should improve the low‐level detection of molecules by mass spectrometry.
Accurate whole‐mount bone and cartilage staining requires acid‐free conditions
Authors: Zinck Nicholas , Franz‐Odendaal Tamara A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBone and cartilage staining has provided anatomists with the ability to generate detailed descriptions of the adult and developing skeleton. Typically, Alizarin red S and Alcian blue are used for the staining of bone and cartilage, respectively. The binding of Alizarin red S and calcium is most stable at basic conditions, however, Alcian blue exhibits specific binding to polyanionic substances such as mucopolysaccharides under acidic conditions. Typical bone and cartilage staining protocols are conducted under acidic conditions. Because of this discrepancy in optimal pH, issues can arise in the staining of small specimens such as larval fish. Specifically, staining embryonic or larval specimens under acidic conditions can cause decalcification of small bones. Decalcification can completely inhibit the uptake of Alizarin red S in small bones. In order to mitigate this issue, researchers have developed an acid‐free staining protocol that utilizes the concept of critical electrolyte concentration. While many researchers have adopted acid‐free bone and cartilage staining, some researchers continue to stain these small specimens with acidic staining protocols. To ensure the reliability and validity of our skeletal descriptions, we urge scientists to utilize acid‐free staining protocols when analyzing the skeletons of larval or embryonic specimens.
LQG controller in cascade loop tuned by PSO applied to a DC–DC converter
Authors: Remes Chrystian L. , Rosa Murilo B. , Heerdt Joselito A. , Oliveira Sérgio V. G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work presents a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller in cascade loop applied to a Two‐Switch Forward Converter (2SFC). This arrange is suitable for low power battery chargers and provides both performance for reference tracking and disturbance rejection. Once the weighting matrices of the LQG have several parameters to be selected, they are here adjusted by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in a strategy called LQG‐PSO. This allows working intuitively with complex characteristics, such as noise, uncertainties and saturation, just by inserting them into the simulation used for PSO. Since this algorithm is a metaheuristic, this work shows a convergence analysis of PSO for this LQG‐problem. The obtained solutions from different trials resulted in LQG gains contained in a well‐defined region, suggesting that optimality was reached. Simulation results have also shown good dynamic behavior with LQG‐PSO strategy, which has outperformed a cascade PI controller for different scenarios. Experimental results comparing the LQG‐PSO and PI controllers applied to the 2SFC confirmed that LQG‐PSO provided superior performance.
Cholinesterasen mit Nebenjobs
Authors: Sperling Laura E. , Spieker Janine , Willbold Elmar , Layer Paul G. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungSowohl die frühe phylogenetische und ontogenetische Existenz von cholinergen Systemen, als auch das Vorkommen in nicht‐neuronalen Geweben legen cholinerge und nicht‐cholinerge Funktionalitäten nahe, die weit über deren klassische Funktion an Synapsen hinausgehen. Die Fähigkeit von Cholinesterasen zur Bildung riesiger Proteinkomplexe eröffneten ihnen vielseitige Funktionsfelder. Schon in Stammzellen vertreten, begünstigen Cholinesterasen im Verbund mit Komponenten der Zellmatrix die Zelldifferenzierung; dabei erscheint ihre Enzymaktivität (teilweise) als nicht notwendig. Dies wurde durch Effekte inaktiver AChE in nicht‐neuronalen Zellen einerseits, und davon unabhängig durch die Entdeckung der CLAM‐Proteinfamilie beeindruckend untermauert. Vieles spricht somit dafür, dass die ursprünglichen Funktionsfelder der Cholinesterasen, wie auch von cholinergen Systemen insgesamt, in allgemeinen Zell‐Zell‐Wechselwirkungen zu suchen sind. Diese Einsichten wurden hier an einigen Zellkulturstudien und ausgewählten Beispielen der Normalentwicklung dargestellt. In der Wirbeltierretina beeinflussen die als erste differenzierenden cholinergen Amakrinzellen die Netzwerkbildung. Nicht weniger bedeutend ist das cholinerge System bei der Bildung von Röhrenknochen. Acetylcholin beschleunigt die Knochenbildung, und die Cholinesterasen regulieren dabei nicht nur dessen Konzentration, sondern spielen beide zudem strukturelle Rollen. Ebenso überzeugend ist eine Studie an Froschlarven, die zeigt, dass bei der Darmbildung von Xenopus laevis sehr wohl das AChE‐Protein, aber nicht dessen Enzymaktivität beteiligt ist. Die volle Aufklärung der Wirkungsweise der Cholinesterasen ist notwendig, denn eine Vielzahl von spezifischen Anticholinesterasen finden breite Anwendungen in wichtigen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen (Landwirtschaft, Gesundheit, Sicherheit). Die Forschung hat dies erkannt und widmet sich verstärkt nicht nur den Cholinesterasen, sondern insgesamt der Aufklärung nicht‐neuronaler cholinerger Systeme (NNCS).
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Zinke Holger 
Published: October 2020

Wissenschaft & GesellschaftAccess and Benefit SharingAK SchulbiologieBundesdelegierten‐versammlungVBIO BeiratLandesverbändeNordrhein‐WestfalenBerlin‐Brandenburg