bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of Medium Constituents for the Cultivation of Scenedesmus dimorphus UTEX 1237 using 2k Factorial Design Approach
Authors: Ravindran B , Kassim M A , Mohamed M S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Freshwater microalga, Scenedesmus dimorphus is a beneficial natural resource for producing biofuel and novel bioproducts. S. dimorphus growth greatly depends on physical culture conditions as well as medium constituents. A study was conducted to select the suitable medium components that could promote high biomass production in S. dimorphus UTEX 1237. Screening of growth medium constituents was performed using the two-level factorial design (2k FD) method. S. dimorphus was cultivated in TAPS aquaculture medium employing two types of carbon source (sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid) and three types of nitrogen sources (ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, and urea). Consequently, medium components that significantly influenced biomass production comprised of acetic acid, ammonium chloride, and urea. Two weeks of S. dimorphus cultivation in shake flask system consisting of 1.5 g/L of acetic acid, 10 g/L of ammonium chloride and 0.4 g/L of urea was found to affect a specific growth rate of 0.0049 h−1 and biomass productivity of 0.05 g/L/day, thus affecting 66.7% improvement over normal TAP formulation.
Anti-diabetic properties of Synsepalum dulcificum and its potential inclusion in functional yogurt
Authors: Fazilah N F , Ariff A B , Khayat M E , Halim M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
There has been an enormous interest in the development of alternative medicines for type-2 diabetes, specifically screening for phythochemicals with the ability to delay or prevent glucose absorption. The goals of the present study were to provide in vitro evidence for potential inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, followed by inclusion of the extracts of Synsepalum dulcificum in yogurt to enhance the therapeutic properties of the yogurt. The screening results of seed, leaf and pulp of S. dulcificum showed that pulp extracts contained significantly (P<0.05) higher anti-diabetic activities than the other plant parts. More interestingly, S. dulcificum pulp also has stronger anti-diabetic properties than the standard drug, acarbose and hence it was chosen to be incorporated into yogurt. S. dulcificum yogurt had higher (P<0.05) anti-diabetic activities than the plain yogurt throughout the storage period with the highest α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities were shown on day 7 of storage. Therefore, S. dulcificum pulp can be developed as functional factor with anti-diabetic activities in food application.
Fermentation of Dioscorea hispida oligosaccharides as prebiotic potential by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacterium
Authors: Napisah H , Rosma A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Dioscorea hispida oligosaccharides (DHOS) were intended to be used as a synbiotic product. Fermentability of DHOS by lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium was studied. In vitro DHOS fermentations by L. acidophilus FTDC 2131, L. casei ATCC 393, L. casei FTCC 0442, L. plantarum FTCC 0350 and B. bifidum 12 were at 37°C for 24 h. DHOS was the most preferred substrate by L. acidophilus FTDC 2131, L. plantarum FTCC 0350 and B. bifidum 12, whilst, fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin was the best substrate for the growth of L. casei ATCC 393 and L. casei FTCC 0442, respectively. The pH reduction in DHOS fermentation medium was comparable to the commercial FOS suggesting that DHOS was able to enhance the selected bacterial growth and produced organic acids. Fermentation of DHOS by B. bifidum 12 had exhibited the highest prebiotic activity score (+0.713) and produced 30.42 mM lactic, 22.63 mM acetic and 0.71 mM propionic acids. The incorporation of DHOS in the medium culture of the selected bacteria was able to enhance the bacterial growth, reduce the pH medium, produce substantial amount of lactic, acetic and propionic acids, and exhibit positive prebiotic activity score.
A study on design improvement for tank photobioreactor
Authors: Lee M W , Abu Mansor M S , Serri N A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study aims to design an improved photobioreactor from the current conventional approached in cultivating microalgae in lab scale using conical flask and glass tanks. In order to design a photobioreactor, thus the study required to investigate parameters that important affecting the cultivation process of the microalgae. The study also applied several techniques and knowledge of product design during the designing process for the photobioreactor. It is also important to consider the present product to be used for the industrial scale in future, therefore the techniques for product design must be applied. The techniques used are such as data collection of customer needs, concept generation, concept screening, concept selection and others knowledge also have been used. Finally, the developed photobioreactor was validated by cultivating 4 litre of Chlorella sp. within 10 days in MLA medium at pH 10. The highest cell concentration achieved at 0.33 g/l after 4 days of cultivation.
Extraction and Characterization of Starch from Microalgae and Comparison with Commercial Corn Starch
Authors: Ramli R N , Lee C K , Kassim M A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStarch is the main component that consumed one third in the human diet. One-third of starch produced in the world is used in non-food application such as rubbers production and plastic. Plastic produced from starch which called as bio-plastic is biodegradable and helps in reducing the world pollution which non-degradable plastic now endanger the ecosystem either land or water. Microalgal the easy growing and environmental friendly have opened new potential of revolution for starch-based bio-plastic. The small granules of starch produced from microalgae possess an advantage to replace the starch from food-based, as the small granules able to yield a good quality of bio-plastic. In this study, marine microalgae had been studied for its starch content and could reach up to 19% of total starch content. However, in order to ensure the starch produced from marine microalgae is suitable for bio-plastic application, the characteristics of starch had been studied based on the size of starch granules, amylose/amylopectine content, swelling power and solubility and turbidity. These analyses were done with a comparison of corn starch that used widely in the production of bio-plastic. Hence, by determining these crucial characteristics, the application of starch from microalgae could be expended to various sustainable products.
Sugars from sago frond as prebiotic substrate to enhance the growth of Lactococcus lactis IO-1 and production of L-lactic acid.
Authors: Ahmad M N , Bujang K B , Adeni D S A , Lananan F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sago palm is often discredited for exhibiting long maturity period and barrenness of pre-harvest products, which restrain its potentials as an alternative and eternal starch provider. The use of sago fronds to produce prebiotic and fermentable sugars from pruned palms and fronds discarded upon harvesting is a possible enterprise to provide income for the cash-strapped sago farmers while waiting for the sago trunks to be harvestable. Dried sago frond powder coupled with the cellulolytic enzyme and incubated for 48 hours, producing a maximum recovery of cellobiose at 25%. This is of great advantage in reducing the cost of large-scale processes since the yield and productivity from SFS is comparable to the Standard Medium and SFS amended with yeast extract at 0.85g/g and 85%, respectively. Meanwhile, the composition of cellobiose as main sugar component increase the viability of the Lactococcus lactis I0-1 by prolong the lifespan of the cell by perform as slow release carbon source, in fact, cellobiose was protected by β (1-4) glycosidic bond made it consumable to specific probiotic in human digestive system conceive that cellobiose as potential prebiotic component for human. Clearly, the use of sago frond is highly economical and sustainable as the raw material for the manufacturing of fermentable sugars and subsequently as the sustainable substrate for large-scale production of L-lactic acid.
Fructose stearate esterify in packed bed reactor using immobilized lipase.
Authors: Shahrin N A , Yong G G , Serri N A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The enzymatic esterification of sugar-fatty acid ester to produce bio-based surfactants or emulsifiers has been recognized as an alternative way to the chemical synthesis due to its environmentally friendly reaction. Therefore, present study aimed to employ an optimal procedure for the continuous synthesis of fructose stearate by using immobilised Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) in a packed-bed reactor. Briefly, lipase immobilization on chicken eggshells was conducted and characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Subsequently, the screening of enzyme loading was performed. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the temperature, flow rate and substrate molar ratio. The immobilisation efficiency on eggshells was 63.64%. After immobilization, the BET surface area, total pore volume and pore diameter of the eggshells were reduced to 1.0714 m2/g, 1.003 x 10−3 cm3/g and 3.7449 nm, respectively. Furthermore, both BET analysis before and after immobilization revealed that the pore structures of eggshells were classified as Type II isotherm. From preliminary study, enzyme loading of 1.5 g immobilized lipase was selected as the optimum enzyme loading. The quadratic model in RSM analysis was validated to predict the optimum conditions. A maximum of fructose stearate concentration as high as 7.252 x 10−1 mol/L obtained at a better condition of 37.47°C under a flow rate of 0.074 ml/min and 2.82:1 substrate molar ratio of fructose to stearic acid. This work has pronounced the eggshell is as a potential carrier for RML immobilization with ability to be used in packed bed reactor to synthesis fructose stearate.
Effect of Heat Input Parameters on Molten Pool Size during Selective Laser Melting of Ti-6Al-4V Powder Through Numerical Simulation
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wu Kaiqi , Yang Qiyun , Ni Xiaoqing , Wang Tao , Wu Wenheng , Lu Lin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Numerical simulations were proposed to research the influence of heat input parameters on the melting pool dimension and temperature field distribution during the selective laser melting process of Ti-6Al-4V powder. Firstly, temperature field results demonstrate that in the same powder layer, the center part of the sample will experience three more obvious heating processes under the irradiation of laser. Secondly, a good exponential function relationship is found between the melting pool dimension and volume energy density. Finally, based on the melting pool dimension from our numerical simulations, two full-process energy prediction diagrams are drawn to predict hatch spacing and powder layer thickness of SLM Ti-6Al-4V powder, consistent with the experimental results.
Study on the Effect of Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) in Relieving Constipation and Defecating Feces Excretion
Authors: Wang Jin , Tsai Ping-Ju , Chen Pei-Hsuan , Ye Manxiang , Cao Hua , Guo Jiao , Su Zhengquan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To explore the role of Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) in preventing constipation and promoting excretion of feces. The high, medium and low doses of GOS-1000-S (8.8g/kg, 4.4g/kg, 2.2g/kg) were administered orally to constipation mice for 7 days, and then we measured the propulsive rate of intestines, first defecation time, the number of feces particle and fecal weight in 5 hours. The results showed that GOS-1000-S can significantly promote the small bowel propulsion, shorten the first defecation time and increase the fecal weight number of fecal particle of constipation mice. These indicate that GOS has the effect of relieving constipation and defecating feces excretion. This study provided a basis for the development of GOS with constipation-relieving functions as a health supplement.
Preparation of PBS and CaCO3 Composite Degradable Materials based on Melt Blending
Authors: Xiong Ligui , Tu Zhigang , Zhang Shangxian , Liu Xiaoyuan , Peng Xingni 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Poly (butylene succinate)(PBS)/Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) composite were prepared by melt blending, and studied the effect of different coupling agents, PBS and CaCO3 mass ratio and coupling agent for composite. The results showed that aluminum acid coupling agent for the properties of composite materials improved the most obviously effect; with CaCO3 content increased, the degradation properties and tensile strength of composite materials rose, the impact strength and elongation at break decreased. With aluminum acid content increased, the tensile propeties and impact strength increased and then stabilization but no influence on degradation. When the PBS and CaCO3 mass ratio was 7:3, the coupling agent in an amount of 1.5%, the performance of PBS/CaCO3composite was better, meeting the basic requirements. Compared with pure PBS, it reduced the cost of nearly 30%, and application further.
Cause Analysis of Type IV Cracking of Main Steam Pipe of Ultra Supercritical Unit
Authors: Xu Yao , Yin Shaohua , Tang Chunpo , Zhou Long 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In order to explore the cause of cracking of the main steam pipe of an ultra-supercritical unit, A series of corresponding physical and chemical tests for crack failure pipelines. Including chemical composition analysis, room temperature tensile test, high temperature tensile test, impact test, bending test of HAZ(Heat Affected Zone)and base metal, it’s also including metallographic observation and section scanning electron microscopy analysis of crack tip, overall force analysis of pipeline, etc. The results show: Failure crack has obvious characteristics of crack type IV. for example, a large number of creep holes appear in the fine-grained region of the HAZ, Creep holes accumulate, grow up, and form microcracks. In addition, the stress analysis shows that the outer arc side of the pipe is subjected to large tensile stress. In conclusion, the pipe cracking failure is caused by the combination of tensile stress and type IV crack.
Structural Response Analysis of Nonlinear Pavement Based on Granular Material
Authors: Zhang Longwei , Wang Chunlei , Dong Xupeng , Zhang Xiaochun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
For containing gravel layer structure of flexible asphalt concrete pavement structure, the response laws of gravel pavement structure under elastic and nonlinear were comparatively analyzed through the UMAT subroutine programming and FEM. The results show that when considering the nonlinearity of gravel base, the tensile stress and vertical stress of base layer in pavement structure are quite different from linearity condition. With the increase of the load, the tensile stress of the base layer increases nonlinearly, and is less than that of the elastic gravel material under heavy load. Considering the non-linear condition of gravel, the vertical stress of pavement structure increases and mainly occurs in the gravel base.
Study on Temperature Recognition of Thermal Paint Based on Color Camera
Authors: Hu Ziqiang , Liao Ningfang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As a temperature-sensing material, the thermal paint will show different colors at different temperatures, so the temperature of the thermal paint can be judged by observing the color. It is an efficient way to identify the color of the thermal paint by the color image, so the calibration of the color camera is very important. The main work of this paper is to calibrate a color industrial camera and compare our proposed method with several commonly used methods. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed method combining BP neural network and maximum entropy estimation works best.
Preparation of MnO2/Attapulgite Composites for adsorption of Ni(II)
Authors: Zhang Jianli , Yu Yuan , Liang Weidong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The emission of nickel ion has caused serious environmental pollution. Compared other techniques, adsorption has been used effectively to remove heavy metal ions. Attapulgite in Linze, a county of China, has low purity grade and poor adsorption performance. In order to improve the performance, a composite manganese dioxide/Attapulgite was prepared using simple stir. The effect of ATP-M on the adsorption researched of Ni2+ was investigated. The experimental results showed that adsorption capacity was related to the initial concentration pH and the dosage of adsorbents. ATP-M can reach max adsorption capacity to 63.69 mg/g under neutral conditions. The adsorption process was in line with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption process was monolayer adsorption, which was more agreed with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. Adsorption process was spontaneous with heat generation.
Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment of Dianchi Lake Basin Based on Land Use Change
Authors: Lin Zhiqiang , Peng Shuangyun , Pu Shaojian , Ma Xiaoliang , Zhou Yanlian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In order to explore the impact of land use type change on landscape ecological risk, this paper uses Landsat remote sensing image of Dianchi Lake Basin in 2003-2018 as the basis data to interpret its land use type by ENVI, and combines ArcGIS and Fragstats4.2 according to landscape ecology theory. The various landscape ecological indices were calculated, and the spatial pattern and process characteristics of landscape ecological risk in Dianchi Lake Basin from 2003 to 2018 were analyzed. The results show that: (1) The landscape pattern of Dianchi Lake Basin has changed significantly in 2003-2018. (2) The landscape ecological risk level has a gradually increasing trend, that is, the proportion of the medium risk area to the high-risk area is relatively large. (3) From the perspective of spatial distribution, the overall risk distribution of Dianchi Lake Basin has an increasing trend from Dianchi Lake to Dianchi Lake.
A Comparative Study of Toll Collection Systems between Philippines and Taiwan
Authors: Huang Chiao Ven , Teaño Mary Chanille , Wee Hui Ming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper focuses on transportation, an important economic activity among the components of a business logistics system. The objective of the paper is to compare the existing toll collection systems between a developing and a developed country to get some insights on transportation improvement. The study was undertaken to assist transportation planners, operators, investors, managers, and other related professionals in the field. The latest technologies in transportation, management and infrastructure can provide better logistics efficiency. The paper concludes that Taiwan’s electronic toll collection system can solve the existing vehicular traffic flow problem in the Philippines.
Effect of Nozzle Structure Parameters on Steady Emission Characteristics in an Opposed-Piston Two-Stroke Diesel Engine
Authors: Wang Shangxue , Zhang Zhijun , Dong Jiangfeng , Xu Wenyan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
According to 8-Mode cycle of measurement methods for non-road diesel engine of China III from GB20891-2014, the effects of the injection parameters on steady emission characteristics were researched on an opposed-piston two-stroke(OP2S) diesel engine. Test results show that nozzle-tip-protrusion(NTP) can’t make a big influence on emission characteristics, but all of the CO, NOx and PM emissions decrease obviously with the increase of injector hole diameter. Moreover, there exists an optimal nozzle hole cone angle, which can lead to a least composite rate emission. Compared with the original engine, the gross emissions of NOx and HC decrease approximately by 17.2% for improved OP2S engine after nozzle parameters optimization matching, and the improved OP2S engine is able to meet non-road diesel engine of China III emission requirement.
Analysis of the Influence of Coagulant on Phosphorus in Landscape Water Environment
Authors: Su Chunhong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study selected three kinds of inorganic polymer coagulant: polyferric sulfate, polyaluminium chloride, polyaluminium ferric chloride, two inorganic low molecular coagulants: aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate. The coagulation experiment of lake water without “water bloom” was carried out. The results were analyzed by multivariate linear regression and principal component regression analysis. It showed that the effects of the five coagulants on the phosphorus were the same when the landscape water was treated with different dosages of coagulants. The sequence was: total nitrogen (TN) > dosage > ammonia nitrogen > CODcr > turbidity > PH. Among them: the highest effect of total nitrogen on phosphorus was aluminum chloride (71.73%). The most obvious effect of dosage on phosphorus was polyaluminium chloride (34.68%). The most significant effect of ammonia nitrogen on phosphorus was polyaluminum chloride (16.98%).
Effects of Atrazine on the Growth of Suaeda Heteroptera
Authors: Huo Yujie , Wei Haifeng , Zhao Yumeng , He Jie , Zhang Mingliang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To explore the ecological degradation of Suaeda Heteroptera in Panjin Red Beach wetland, the effects of Atrazine on the growth and physiological effects of Suaeda Heteroptera seedlings were studied by indoor hydroponics. Experimental results show that the leaves and roots of the Suaeda Heteroptera seedlings are very sensitive to Atrazine. And the LD50 of the number of leaves of Suaeda Heteroptera seedlings were 34.2 μg/L. At low concentrations (3.8-11.4 μg/L), Atrazine promoted the growth of seedling leaves; at higher concentrations (22.8-34.8 μg/L), it inhibited leavse growth and had a significant dose-effect relationship Atrazine had different effects on height and root length of Suaeda Heteroptera, but had no effect on seedlings stem length. The formation of chlorophyll b in leaves of Suaeda Heteroptera treated by Atrazine was inhibited. Also, the main factor for the decrease of total chlorophyll consent is Atrazine.
Analysis of Changes in Ecological Patterns in the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River One of Typical Disaster Prone Area of China
Authors: Ma Guangwen , Yu Yang , Wang Guang , Zhang Fenying , Liu Haijiang , He Lihuan , Wang Yeyao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mountain torrents and debris flows are rapid transport processes for soil and water materials in small watersheds in mountainous areas. They have a strong destructive power and often result in devastating natural disasters. Natural ecosystems can regulate natural disasters, reduce the risk of damage, increase the stability of disaster-prone environments and reduce the vulnerability of downstream areas. The upper reaches of the Minjiang River (URM) in Sichuan Province, China is a typical area prone to flood and debris flow disasters. An established scientific model was used to analyze land cover change in the URM to discover the optimum land use pattern. Based on the analysis of the pattern of temporal and spatial changes of ecosystems in the URM, the results showed that the amount of ecosystem change in the URM was small, and the overall change rate of ecosystems was only 1.7%. There was an obvious trend of landscape fragmentation in the whole URM region, and the change of ecosystems had clear regional differences. Human economic activities were the main reason for the changes in the spatial pattern of ecosystems from 1985 to 2013.