bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretative phenomenological analysis of young people's lived experiences of therapeutic residential care
Authors: Kor Kenny , Fernandez Elizabeth , Spangaro Jo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConcerns of maltreatment and poor outcomes persist in residential care despite numerous government inquiries and recommendations. Young people in residential care continue to be the most vulnerable and marginalized group in the out‐of‐home care population. Young people's voices are also underrepresented in research. Existing studies predominantly focus on service evaluations in which individual voices of young people are overshadowed by adults' perspectives. Other studies examine the perspectives of young people in out‐of‐home care as a homogenous population, limiting understandings of the subjective experiences of young people in residential care. This study focused exclusively on young people's lived experiences in Australian therapeutic residential care, utilizing interpretative phenomenological analysis. The young people in this study revealed experiences of peer victimization, ambiguous loss and uncertainty during transitions. These findings suggest that more work is required in order to provide safe and healing environments and experiences for young people in therapeutic residential care. Each individual voice captured in this study offers valuable insights into how residential care practitioners can strengthen practice to enhance protection, engagement, connection with families and leaving care support.
Relationship between trapezius muscle hardness and transverse cervical artery flow in association with neck and upper‐back stiffness
Authors: Aikawa Ritsu , Kishino Tomonori , Shibasaki Shohei , Harashima Keiichiro , Nakajima Satoshi , Ohnishi Hiroaki , Watanabe Takashi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeck and upper‐back stiffness is a common discomfort encountered occasionally in daily life among otherwise healthy subjects. The pathogenesis of this condition could be attributable to increased tension in muscles such as the trapezius muscle (TM). The transverse cervical artery (TCA) is one of the feeding arteries for the TM, and TCA flow is reportedly related to symptoms of neck and upper‐back stiffness. This study quantitatively investigated relationships between TM hardness and TCA hemodynamics as evaluated on Doppler sonography. Questionnaires regarding neck and upper‐back stiffness, muscle hardness measurements obtained using a muscle hardness meter and examinations of TCA hemodynamics using Doppler sonography were performed on 55 healthy young adults (25 males, 30 females; mean age, 22 ± 2 years). Subjects displaying neck and upper‐back stiffness actually exhibited high muscle hardness (median, 14.0; interquartile range (IQR), 12.9–18.0) compared to those without the symptom (median, 12.0; IQR, 9.9–14.0; p = .002). Peak systolic velocity in the TCA on Doppler sonography was lower in subjects with the symptom (median, 65.1 cm/s; IQR 59.6–72.5 cm/s) than in those without the symptom (median, 72.5 cm/s; IQR 66.5–84.2 cm/s; p = .012). Resistive index in the TCA was high (r2 = .605, p = .014) with increasing TM hardness, particularly among male subjects with the symptom. The present study suggests that high resistance and low blood flow velocity in the TCA could be closely associated with the underlying pathogenesis of neck and upper‐back stiffness.
Niche‐neutral theoretic approach to mechanisms underlying the biodiversity and biogeography of human microbiomes
Authors: Ma Zhanshan (Sam) 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe human microbiome consists of five major regional biomes distributed in or on our five body sites including skin, oral, lung, gut, and reproductive tract. Its biogeography (the spatial and temporal distribution of its biodiversity) has far‐reaching implications to our health and diseases. Nevertheless, we currently have very limited understanding on the mechanisms shaping the biogeography, since it is often rather difficult to determine the relative importance of drift, dispersal, speciation, and selection, the four processes (mechanisms) determining the patterns of microbial biogeography and community dynamics according to a recent synthesis in community ecology and biogeography. To disentangle these mechanisms, I utilize multisite neutral (MSN) model and niche‐neutral hybrid (NNH) model to analyze large number of truly multisite microbiome samples covering all five major human microbiome habitats, including 699 metacommunities and 5,420 local communities. Approximately 89% of metacommunities and 92% local communities exhibit patterns indistinguishable from neutral, and 20% indistinguishable from niche‐neutral hybrid model, indicating the relative significance of stochastic neutral forces versus deterministic niche selection in shaping the biogeography of human microbiome. These findings cast supporting evidence to van der Gast's revision to classic Bass‐Becking doctrine of microbial biogeography: “Some things are everywhere and some things are not. Sometimes the environment selects and sometimes it doesn't,” offering the first educated guess for “some” and “sometimes” in the revised doctrine. Furthermore, the logistic/Cox regression models describing the relationships among community neutrality, niche differentiation, and key community/species characteristics (including community diversity, community/species dominance, speciation, and migration rates) were constructed to quantitatively describe the niche‐neutral continuum and the influences of community/species properties on the continuum.
Quantification of serum levels in mice of seven drugs (and six metabolites) commonly taken by older people with polypharmacy
Authors: Mach John , Wang XiaoSuo , Hilmer Sarah N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolypharmacy (use of ≥ 5 drugs) is common in older people but has minimal preclinical or clinical evidence of safety or efficacy and is associated with adverse outcomes in older people. Drug–drug interactions are poorly understood beyond drug pairs. An efficient and sensitive method to measure multiple serum drugs and metabolites could inform drug dosing in polypharmacy. Development of a sensitive liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry method to simultaneously measure seven drugs and their respective metabolites in serum in a preclinical model of polypharmacy. This method was validated for optimal recovery, matrix effect, limit of quantification (LOQ), inter‐ and intra‐day variability, and carry over. Serum samples from mice (n = 5–6/group) treated with chronic oral doses of three polypharmacy regimens and five monotherapies were screened for drug and metabolite levels (metoprolol, α‐hydroxymetoprolol, O‐desmethylmetoprolol, omeprazole, 5‐hydroxyomeprazole, omeprazole sulphone, acetaminophen, irbesartan, citalopram, oxybutynin, oxycodone, noroxycodone, oxymorphone and tenivastatin). The LOQ for the compounds ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 ng/mL in serum. Recovery, matrix effect, and inter‐ and intra‐day variability peak response were acceptable. No carry over was observed at the concentrations tested. Analytes were detectable in mice treated with these drugs, and differences in drug levels were observed with different polypharmacy and monotherapy regimens. The method is sensitive and robust to measure parent drugs and metabolites simultaneously in the context of polypharmacy. Polypharmacy appeared to affect drug levels in a preclinical model. This model can be used to understand pharmacokinetics of chronic polypharmacy, which could inform prescribing and improve outcomes for older people.
Clinical outcomes of laparoscopic‐based renal denervation plus adrenalectomy vs adrenalectomy alone for treating resistant hypertension caused by unilateral aldosterone‐producing adenoma
Authors: Liu Yahui , Zhu Binbin , Zhu Lijie , Zhao Linwei , Ding Degang , Liu Zhonghua , Fan Zhiqiang , Zhao Qiuping , Zhang You , Wang Jiguang , Gao Chuanyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious studies describing renal denervation (RDN) from the intima of the renal artery for the treatment of resistant hypertension have reported variable efficacies, and RDN triggers renal intimal injury and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RDN from the adventitia of renal artery plus unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy to treat patients with resistant hypertension caused by unilateral aldosterone‐producing adenoma (APA). A total of 60 consecutive patients with resistant hypertension caused by unilateral APA were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo RDN from the adventitia of the renal artery plus adrenalectomy (RDN group, n = 30) or adrenalectomy alone (control group, n = 30) and were followed up for 12 months. The primary efficacy end point was the change in 24‐hours mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP) from baseline to 12 months. At the 12‐month follow‐up, the mean reduction of 24‐hours average SBP and office SBP in the RDN group was 20.7 ± 15.2 and 37.1 ± 26.0 mm Hg, respectively, which was significantly higher than the mean reduction of 24‐hours average SBP (11.9 ± 11.1 mm Hg, P = .017) and the office SBP (25.9 ± 16.8 mm Hg, P = .035) in the control group. Serum potassium levels returned to normal 12 months post‐procedure. Patients in the RDN group had higher proportion of cured clinical and biochemical outcomes than those in the control group (35.7% vs 17.9% in clinical outcome; 96.4% vs 89.3% in biochemical outcome, respectively). There were no procedural‐, device‐, or treatment‐related safety events during the 12‐month follow‐up period between the groups. In conclusion, RDN from the adventitia of the renal artery plus unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy is more effective than adrenalectomy alone for treating resistant hypertension caused by unilateral APA.
Effect of intracameral epinephrine on heart rate, post‐operative ocular hypertension, and long‐term outcome following canine phacoemulsification
Authors: Osinchuk Stephanie C. , Salpeter Elyse M. , Lavallee Geneviève , Leis Marina L. , Sandmeyer Lynne S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effect of intrsacameral epinephrine on heart rate, blood pressure, post‐operative ocular hypertension, and complications following canine phacoemulsification.ProceduresA prospective, double‐blinded, controlled trial was carried out using 30 client‐owned dogs undergoing phacoemulsification. Eyes were randomly assigned to a treatment group receiving intracameral (IC) epinephrine (n = 31) or balanced salt solution (n = 25) at the beginning of surgery. Heart rate, post‐operative intraocular pressures, and outcomes were compared between treatment groups.ResultsNo adverse reactions to IC epinephrine or saline were observed. Post‐operative ocular hypertension developed at the 2 and/or 4 hours pressure reading in 35% and 46% in the epinephrine and saline groups, respectively (P = .5072). There were 9.7% and 23.1% eyes that developed complications in the IC epinephrine and saline groups, respectively (P = .2373).ConclusionsIntracameral epinephrine is safe to use, and non‐significant decreases in post‐operative ocular hypertension and long‐term complications were observed.
<p class="Body"><strong>A contribution to the fauna of mites (Acari) in Fiji</strong></p>
Authors: Fan Qing-Hai , Dayal Shivana Sweta , Fong Hatch Michael , Rakuita Panapasa , Ram Jainesh Anish 
Published: August 2020

We recently had the opportunity to collect some mite samples in Viti Levu and Vanua Levu of Fiji and found a couple of dozens of species. In this paper we present 32 species in three orders—Mesostigmata: 15 species in 11 genera in 9 families; Sarcoptiformes: 13 species in 13 genera in 10 families; Trombidiformes: 4 species in 4 genera in 3 families. The following 22 species are recorded for the first time from Fiji: Ameroseius womersleyi in Ameroseiidae, Lasioseius cuppa, L. latinoamericanus, L. pellitus and L. penicilliger in Blattisociidae, Androlaelaps casalis in Laelapidae, Proctolaelaps aurora in Melicharidae, Propriosiopsis ovatus and Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) transvaalensis in Phytoseiidae; Funkotriplogynium ovulum in Triplogyniidae, Uroactinia hippocrepea in Uroactiniidae, Neotropacarus mumai and Schwiebea zingiberi in Acaridae, Glycycometus weelawadjiensis in Aeroglyphidae, Blomia tropicalis in Echimyopodidae, Pergalumna (P.) hawaiiensis hawaiiensis in Galumnidae, Nasozetes sumatrensis in Hemileiidae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in Pyroglyphidae, Sudasia pontifica in Suidasiidae, Oulenziella bakeri in Winterschmidtiidae, Dactyloscirus smileyi in Cunaxidae, Tarsonemus rakowiensis in Tarsonemidae.
Breadcrust bubbles: Ash particles recording post-fragmentation brittle-ductile deformation
Authors: Quane Steven L. , Andrews Benjamin J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Breadcrust bubbles are a previously undescribed pyroclast providing unique insights into post-fragmentation conduit dynamics. We describe these particles from the ca. 7 Ma Rattlesnake Tuff deposits (Oregon, USA) and ca. 15 ka deposits at Laguna del Maule (Chile). The clasts comprise discrete, ∼1-mm-diameter, fully intact hollow spheroids composed of high-silica rhyolite glass with a series of cross-cutting cracks on the shell exterior akin to breadcrust texture on volcanic bombs. We interpret the spheroids as resulting from fragmentation of a thick-walled magmatic foam. As the pyroclasts accelerated up the conduit, breadcrust textures recorded cycles of brittle and ductile deformation to relieve overpressure. We exploit this texture to quantify parameters inaccessible through direct observation including strain accommodation and the time scale necessary for it to accrue. Breadcrust bubbles have additional potential to better describe and quantify the nature of fragmentation and transport conditions in high-silica rhyolite eruptions.
Simultaneous Middle Pleistocene eruption of three widespread tholeiitic basalts in northern California (USA): Insights into crustal magma transport in an actively extending back arc
Authors: Downs Drew T. , Champion Duane E. , Muffler Patrick , Christiansen Robert L. , Clynne Michael A. , Calvert Andrew T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMapping and chronology are central to understanding spatiotemporal volcanic trends in diverse tectonic settings. The Cascades back arc in northern California (USA) hosts abundant lava flows and normal faults, but tholeiitic basalts older than 200 ka are difficult to discriminate by classic mapping methods. Paleomagnetism and chemistry offer independent means of correlating basalts, including the Tennant, Dry Lake, and Hammond Crossing basalt fields. Paleomagnetic analysis of these chemically similar basalts yield notable overlap, with statistical analysis yielding 7 chances in 1,000,000 that their similar mean remanent directions are random. These basalts also have overlapping 40Ar/39Ar ages of 272.5 ± 30.6 ka (Tennant), 305.8 ± 23.9 ka (Dry Lake), and 300.4 ± 15.2 and 322.6 ± 17.4 ka (Hammond Crossing). Chemical and paleomagnetic analyses indicate that these spatially distributed basalts represent simultaneous (&lt;100 yr uncertainty) eruptions, and thus we use 305.5 ± 9.8 ka (weighted mean) as the eruption age. Their vents align on a N25°W trend over a distance of 39 km. Tennant erupted the largest volume (3.55 ± 0.75 km3) at the highest elevation; both factors decay to the south-southeast at Dry Lake (0.75 ± 0.15 km3) and Hammond Crossing (0.15 ± 0.05 km3). We propose vertical magma ascent beneath the Tennant vent area, where the most evolved, high-SiO2 magma erupted, with lateral dike propagation in the brittle crust. Propagation was near orthogonal to east-west extension (0.3–0.6 mm/yr) along north-northwest–trending normal faults.
P16 CEASE: deprescribing on discharge from PICU
Authors: Hayes Charlotte , Brooks Teresa 
Published: August 2020

AimTo develop a screening tool for prescribers to aid desprescribing on discharge from paediatric intensive care (PICU). Deprescribing is defined as ‘the process of withdrawal of an inappropriate medication supervised by a healthcare professional with the goal of managing polypharmacy and improving outcomes’.1 On the subject of deprescribing in paediatrics there is currently a lack of published literature however it is thought that we will be able to rationalise medicine use by being able to identify and document their indications.2MethodAn audit was completed of twenty-five paediatric patients following discharge from PICU. Data was collected on which medicines were not appropriately stopped by PICU prescribers when patients were stepped down to the ward. These medicines were categorised by their indication and this information was used to create a deprescribing screening tool. Prescribers on PICU were educated on this new tool and a further audit is currently underway to assess the impact of this.ResultsTwenty-five children were discharged from PICU to wards within the hospital over a four week period. Of these all twenty-five had two medicines or more that should have been deprescribed or a plan documented for before stepping down. A total of 110 medicines could have been deprescribed (median 4 per patient, range 2–8). These medicines were categorised by their indication: sedation 38.2% (n=42), electrolytes 33.6% (n=37), additional charts 18.2% (n=20), gastro-protection 4.5% (n=5), antibiotics 2.7% (n=3), other 2.7% (n=3).We found that these medicines included high risk critical care only medicines that were unsafe to be administered on a ward such as high strength potassium infusions or inotropes, oral and IV sedative agents and antibiotics with no documented plan. Based on this information the following ‘CEASE’ screening tool was created:Charts - are additional charts still in use and appropriate?Electrolytes - have all PICU only electrolytes been stopped?Antibiotics - do all antibiotics have a documented plan?Sedation - has all sedation been stopped or if not is there a documented plan of when and how to stop?Enteral - if enteral feeds have started has all gastro-protection been stopped?A further audit is currently underway to assess the impact of the ‘CEASE’ tool.ConclusionThe audit has shown that a range of different medicines were inappropriately continued outside of PICU, this includes high risk medicines not suitable for use on the ward. The development of the ‘CEASE’ tool has been created to aid prescribers in the identification of medicines which should be deprescribed. This should help to provide better treatment, improve patient safety and promote antimicrobial stewardship.ReferencesReeve E, Gnjidic D, et al. A systematic review of the emerging definition of ‘deprescribing’ with network analysis: implications for future research and clinical practice. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015;80:1254–68.Begum R, Tomlin S. Deprescribing in paediatrics. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2017;24:70.
P19 Direct observational study of infusion errors associated with smart-pump technology in paediatric intensive care
Authors: Howlett Moninne , Brereton Erika , Breatnach Cormac , Cleary Brian 
Published: August 2020

AimsProcesses for delivery of high-risk infusions in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are complex. Standard concentration infusions (SCIs), smart-pumps and electronic prescribing are recommended medication error reduction strategies.1 2 Implementation rates are low in Irish and UK hospitals.2 3 Since 2012, the PICU of an Irish tertiary paediatric hospital has been using a smart-pump SCI library, interfaced with electronic infusion orders (Philips ICCA®). The incidence of infusion errors is unknown. This study aims to determine the frequency, severity and distribution of smart-pump infusion errors and to identify contributory factors to the occurrence of infusion errors.MethodsProgrammed infusions are directly observed at the bedside. Parameters are compared against medication orders and auto-populated infusion data. Identified deviations are categorised as either medication errors or discrepancies. Five opportunities for error (OEs) were identified: programming, administration, documentation, assignment, data transfer. Error rates (%) are calculated as: infusions with errors; and errors per OE. Pre-defined definitions, multi-disciplinary consensus and grading processes are employed.ResultsA total of 1023 infusions for 175 patients were directly observed on 27 days between February and September 2017. 74% of patients were under 1 year, 32% under 1 month. The drug-library accommodated 96.5% of all infusions. Compliance with the drug-library was 98.9%. 55 infusions had ≥ 1 error (5.4%); a further 67 (6.3%) had ≥ 1 discrepancy. From a total of 4997 OEs, 72 errors (1.4%) and 107 discrepancies (2.1%) were observed. Documentation errors were most common; programming errors were rare (0.32% OE). Errors are minor, with just one requiring minimal intervention to prevent harm.ConclusionThis study has highlighted the benefits of smart-pumps and auto-populated infusion data in the PICU setting. Identified error rates are low compared to similar studies.4 The findings will contribute to the limited existing knowledge base on impact of these interventions on paediatric infusion administration errors.ReferencesInstitute for Safe Medication Practices, ISMP. 2018–2019 Targeted medication safety best practices for hospitals2018 [Available from: http://www.ismp.org/tools/bestpractices/TMSBP-for-Hospitalsv2.pdf [Accessed: June 2019]Oskarsdottir T, Harris D, Sutherland A, et al. A national scoping survey of standard infusions in paediatric and neonatal intensive care units in the United Kingdom. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018;70:1324–1331.Howlett M, Curtin M, Doherty D, Gleeson P, Sheerin M, Breatnach C. Paediatric standardised concentration infusions – A national solution. Arch Dis Child. 2016;101:e2.Blandford A, Dykes PC, Franklin BD, et al. Intravenous Infusion Administration: A comparative study of practices and errors between the United States and England and their Implications for patient safety. Drug Saf. 2019;42:1157–1165