bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quelle taxonomie pour une formation en santé ?
Authors: CAMARA EL HADJI HABIB , GUEYE MAMOUR 
Published: March 2020

A la suite de son entrée dans le système LMD, l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop s’est lancée dans la mise en œuvre d’un projet de promotion de la pédagogie universitaire visant à améliorer l’efficacité interne de l’institution. Une réécriture des syllabus de cours est, à cet effet, initiée en privilégiant le système d’apprentissage, à travers l’explicitation des capacités attendues des étudiantes et étudiants, en termes d’objectifs d’apprentissage visés durant et au terme de leur formation. En ciblant ces objectifs d’apprentissage, singulièrement ceux formulés dans les programmes de formation du CEA-SAMEF, cette présente étude, à visée descriptive et exploratoire, a permis d’esquisser les contours d’une taxonomie appropriée à la formation en santé, en s’appuyant sur deux registres de conceptualisation de la connaissance : le registre épistémique et le registre pragmatique.
Evaluation and Improvement of education and schooling systems
Authors: ASSAREH ALIREZA , PAZHAKH ABDOLREZA 
Published: March 2020

Different evaluation approaches have yet been used to provide sufficient feedback to assess how well the integrated training system is functioning and what impact it has made on service delivery. Informal feedback is provided through built-in evaluation mechanisms. Formal assessments, including special surveys, are conducted to determine the impact of training methodologies, change in national and institutional capacity to produce competent providers and ultimately the ability of providers to offer high quality reproductive educational services.
As literature indicates, there are different curricula types among which the learner-oriented type differs a little from the unitary approaches to syllabus design. Indeed, in unitary approaches learners were fed an undifferentiated diet regardless of their ends and needs. But as the learner-centered approach as its name indicates, in this sort of curriculum focus is on the learner. That is, the content of the courses should reflect the purposes for which the learners have come to class. Besides, as learning and learning processes are two sides of the same pedagogical coin, therefore some elements seem to be more worthy of being taken into account than others. Among them are learner needs, learner roles and contributions and learner choices.
Angular Expansion of Nova Shells
Authors: Santamaría E. , Guerrero M. A. , Ramos-Larios G. , Toalá J. A. , Sabin L. , Rubio G. , Quino-Mendoza J. A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Nova shells can provide important information on their distance, their interactions with circumstellar and interstellar media, and the evolution in morphology of the ejecta. We have obtained narrowband images of a sample of five nova shells, namely DQ Her, FH Ser, T Aur, V476 Cyg, and V533 Her, with ages ranging from 50 to 130 yr. These images have been compared with suitable available archival images to derive their angular expansion rates. We find that all the nova shells in our sample are still in the free expansion phase, which can be expected, as the mass of the ejecta is 7–45 times larger than the mass of the swept-up circumstellar medium. The nova shells will keep expanding freely for time periods up to a few hundred years, reducing their time dispersal into the interstellar medium.
Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Filament Axes and Their Writhe Numbers
Authors: Xu Yu , Zhu Jiahao , Guo Yang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To reveal the correlation between the morphology of filaments and their writhe, we reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) paths of the filament axes based on the data set of Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, respectively. Then, we calculate the writhe of the reconstructed filament axes with the polar writhe theory. All the cases obey that a projected forward (reverse) S-shaped filament possesses positive (negative) writhe. We conduct a further analysis by constructing theoretical 3D curves with non-centrosymmetric shape and only one maximum in height. It is demonstrated that (1) writhe depends on the relative height (the ratio of the height of the curve and the distance between its two footprints), the position of the highest point, and the position of the crossing point (the intersection of a projected axis curve and the line connecting two footprints); (2) for a filament with absolute value of the crossing angle less than π/3 and relative height less than 0.2, forward (reverse) S-shaped projection results in positive (negative) writhe; and (3) when the highest point and the crossing point are significantly separated, the sign of writhe can be conserved without changing the S shape orientation (forward or reverse) during the eruption.
Magnetohydrodynamic Nonlinearities in Sunspot Atmospheres: Chromospheric Detections of Intermediate Shocks
Authors: Houston S. J. , Jess D. B. , Keppens R. , Stangalini M. , Keys P. H. , Grant S. D. T. , Jafarzadeh S. , McFetridge L. M. , Murabito M. , Ermolli I. , Giorgi F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The formation of shocks within the solar atmosphere remains one of the few observable signatures of energy dissipation arising from the plethora of magnetohydrodynamic waves generated close to the solar surface. Active region observations offer exceptional views of wave behavior and its impact on the surrounding atmosphere. The stratified plasma gradients present in the lower solar atmosphere allow for the potential formation of many theorized shock phenomena. In this study, using chromospheric Ca ii
λ8542 line spectropolarimetric data of a large sunspot, we examine fluctuations in the plasma parameters in the aftermath of powerful shock events that demonstrate polarimetric reversals during their evolution. Modern inversion techniques are employed to uncover perturbations in the temperatures, line-of-sight velocities, and vector magnetic fields occurring across a range of optical depths synonymous with the shock formation. Classification of these nonlinear signatures is carried out by comparing the observationally derived slow, fast, and Alfvén shock solutions with the theoretical Rankine–Hugoniot relations. Employing over 200,000 independent measurements, we reveal that the Alfvén (intermediate) shock solution provides the closest match between theory and observations at optical depths of

log

10

τ
=
−
4

, consistent with a geometric height at the boundary between the upper photosphere and lower chromosphere. This work uncovers first-time evidence of the manifestation of chromospheric intermediate shocks in sunspot umbrae, providing a new method for the potential thermalization of wave energy in a range of magnetic structures, including pores, magnetic flux ropes, and magnetic bright points.
The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample. X. Predicting Lyα Output from Star-forming Galaxies Using Multivariate Regression*
Authors: Runnholm Axel , Hayes Matthew , Melinder Jens , Rivera-Thorsen Emil , Östlin Göran , Cannon John , Kunth Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Understanding the production and escape of Lyα radiation from star-forming galaxies is a long-standing problem in astrophysics. The ability to predict the Lyα luminosity of galaxies would open up new ways of exploring the epoch of reionization (EOR) and estimating Lyα emission from galaxies in cosmological simulations where radiative transfer calculations cannot be done. We apply multivariate regression methods to the Lyman Alpha Reference Sample data set to obtain a relation between the galaxy properties and the emitted Lyα. The derived relation predicts the Lyα luminosity of our galaxy sample to good accuracy, regardless of whether we consider only direct observables (rms dispersion around the relation of ∼0.19 dex) or derived physical quantities (rms ∼ 0.27 dex). We confirm the predictive ability on a separate sample of compact star-forming galaxies and find that the prediction works well, but that aperture effects on measured Lyα luminosity may be important, depending on the redshift of the galaxy. We apply statistical feature selection techniques to determine an order of importance of the variables in our data set, enabling future observations to be optimized for predictive ability. When using physical variables, we are able to determine that the most important predictive parameters are, in order, star formation rate, dust extinction, compactness, and the gas covering fraction. We discuss the application of our results in terms of studying the EOR and intensity mapping experiments.
Pédocriminalité : le secret n’est pas le silence
Authors: Poussier Thomas 
Published: March 2020

Les affaires de pédocriminalité commis par des clercs et le silence qui a pu les couvrir ont engendré une indignation réclamant une réponse de l’Église, allant jusqu’à demander la levée du secret de confession ; or, le secret de confession est une manifestation de la miséricorde divine, il doit demeurer absolu pour préserver la dignité de tous les pénitents ; la protection de ce secret n’empêche pas la justice, à condition de bien le distinguer des silences mortifères et des autres secrets qui peuvent connaître des exceptions.
La vie humaine, féconde de Dieu, et la prophétie du célibat pour le Royaume
Authors: Calmeyn Marie Laetitia 
Published: March 2020

Dans son livre Humanae vitae. Une prophétie , Monseigneur Aupetit, archevêque de Paris mais aussi médecin de famille ayant longtemps pratiqué, ouvre à une compréhension plus profonde de ce qu’est la paternité et la maternité responsables : il s’agit de la vocation de l’homme et de la femme à la fécondité. (…)
Apport de la résilience comme levier face aux crises complexes. Étude de cas au travers d’une crise complexe dans une mutuelle Santé
Authors: Teneau Gilles , Dufour Nicolas 
Published: March 2020

De nombreux cas de gestion de crise attestent d’une forte complexité et d’une difficulté d’analyse rapide de la situation. La résilience des entreprises connaissant des situations de crise, a fortiori de crise complexe, n’est donc pas assurée. La gestion d’une crise nécessite la connaissance d’un minimum d’éléments d’information pour en établir le diagnostic. Il convient aussi de déterminer de manière raisonnée et efficace les actions à conduire pour la traiter. Les crises majeures ou dites hors cadre, dans lesquelles le décideur ne dispose plus de référentiels auxquels se raccrocher, peuvent nécessiter l’obligation de « décider dans l’incertitude ». Dans ce contexte, nous proposons alors la problématique suivante : « quelle condition pour assurer une résilience dans le cadre d’une crise complexe ? » Nous proposons d’envisager des éléments de réponse à une telle problématique en nous basant sur le cas d’une crise rencontré par une entreprise de taille moyenne, spécialisée dans le secteur des prestations de santé.
De l’intérêt de la complexité : le cas de la prévention des risques psychosociaux chez les enseignants du second degré public
Authors: Pounchou-Guilhamot Stéphane , Pilnière Véronique 
Published: March 2020

Si la pensée complexe et son corollaire, la théorie des systèmes, font l’objet d’une reconnaissance académique certaine, elles peinent, pourtant, à s’incarner dans les pratiques organisationnelles. Le cas de la prévention des risques psychosociaux (RPS) chez les enseignants du second degré public est, à cet égard, édifiant. En effet, ces risques, dont la définition est désormais stabilisée, ont fait l’objet de nombreuses publications ces dernières années et sont maintenant bien connus des chercheurs comme des praticiens. Comment expliquer, dès lors, la faiblesse des résultats obtenus dans la prévention de ces risques parmi les enseignants ? Notre article démontre que la réponse est à trouver dans le caractère profondément individualiste des solutions mises en œuvre jusque-là, niant toute complexité au système de prévention des RPS.
Devising a Pace-Based Definition for “The Wall”: An Observational Analysis of Marathoners' Subjective Experiences of Fatigue
Authors: Doherty Cailbhe , Keogh Alison , Smyth Barry , Megyesi Peter , Caulfield Brian 
Published: March 2020

Context
Many runners report “hitting The Wall” (HTW) during a marathon (42.2 km). However, the performance manifestation of this subjectively experienced phenomenon remains unclear.

Objective
To identify a pace-based classification for HTW by integrating subjective reports of fatigue and runners' pacing profiles during a marathon.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Public race event (2018 Dublin Marathon).

Patients or Other Participants
Eighty-three runners (28 [34%] women, 55 [66%] men, age = 41.5 ± 9.1 years, height = 1.73 ± 0.09 m, mass = 70.2 ± 10.1 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The pacing profiles for respondents to our postrace questionnaire that concerned the phenomenon of HTW were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed on discretized outcomes of the time series of marathoners' paces during the race.

Results
Using the receiver operating characteristic analyses, we observed that runners could be classified as having experienced HTW if they ran any 1-km segment 11% slower than the average of the remaining segments of the race (accuracy = 84.6%, sensitivity = 1, specificity = 0.6) or if the standard deviation of the normalized 1-km split times exceeded 0.0532 (accuracy = 83%, sensitivity = 0.818, specificity = 0.8). Similarly, runners could be classified as having experienced HTW if they ran any 5-km segment 7.3% slower than the average of the remaining 5-km segments of the race (accuracy = 84.6%, sensitivity = 1, specificity = 0.644) or if the standard deviation of the normalized 5-km split times exceeded 0.0346 (accuracy = 82%, sensitivity = 0.909, specificity = 0.622).

Conclusions
These pace-based criteria could be valuable to researchers evaluating HTW prevalence in cohorts for whom they lack subjective questionnaire data.
Membrane bioreactor for mall wastewater treatment
Authors: Butzen Everton Luis , Santos Gabriel Capellari , Fortuna Sandrini Slongo , Brião Vandré Barbosa 
Published: March 2020

Malls concentrate a large number of people in a relatively small area, and thus generate concentrated urban wastewater. This study evaluated the performance of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) as an alternative for the treatment of mall wastewater. Wastewater samples without any previous treatment were collected from a medium-size mall and showed a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) near 2,000 mg L-1. The MBR operated with a constant pressure of 40 kPa during 60 days with a sludge age of 30 days. Concentration of biomass was 3,738±930 mg L-1 and average permeate flux was 7.0 L h-1 m-2. The MBR was able to remove 91.2% and 97.2% of color and turbidity, respectively. Furthermore, COD removal was approximately 90% and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 88%. In addition, the MBR produced a phosphorus removal near 50%, and for nitrogen, 80%. The MBR system proved to be an efficient process for the removal of the pollutants, remaining stable even with the oscillation of the characteristics of the raw sewage, presenting great potential for application in the treatment of sewage from malls and effluents with high organic loads.
Pyruvic acid in the boreal forest: gas-phase mixing ratios and impact on radical chemistry
Authors: Eger Philipp G. , Schuladen Jan , Sobanski Nicolas , Fischer Horst , Karu Einar , Williams Jonathan , Riva Matthieu , Zha Qiaozhi , Ehn Mikael , Quéléver Lauriane L. J. , Schallhart Simon , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Pyruvic acid (CH3C(O)C(O)OH, 2-oxopropanoic acid) is an organic acid of
biogenic origin that plays a crucial role in plant metabolism, is present in
tropospheric air in both gas-phase and aerosol-phase, and is implicated in
the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Up to now, only a few
field studies have reported mixing ratios of gas-phase pyruvic acid, and its
tropospheric sources and sinks are poorly constrained. We present the first
measurements of gas-phase pyruvic acid in the boreal forest as part of the
IBAIRN (Influence of Biosphere–Atmosphere Interactions on the
Reactive Nitrogen budget) field campaign in Hyytiälä, Finland, in
September 2016. The mean pyruvic acid mixing ratio during IBAIRN was 96 pptv, with a maximum value of 327 pptv. From our measurements we estimated
the overall pyruvic acid source strength and quantified the contributions of
isoprene oxidation and direct emissions from vegetation in this
monoterpene-dominated forested environment. Further, we discuss the
relevance of gas-phase pyruvic acid for atmospheric chemistry by
investigating the impact of its photolysis on acetaldehyde and peroxy
radical production rates. Our results show that, based on our present
understanding of its photochemistry, pyruvic acid is an important source of
acetaldehyde in the boreal environment, exceeding ethane and propane oxidation
by factors of ∼10 and ∼20.
Identification of Micro-plastics (MPs) in Conventional Tap Water Sourced from Thailand
Authors: Kankanige Dinuka , Babel Sandhya 
Published: March 2020

In a period when MP contamination of drinking water is a great concern, this study focused on the size- and morphology-based count, and polymeric identification of plastic particles in tap water sourced from Thailand. A total of 45 human consumable samples (each 1 L) were collected at Thammasat University. The average MP counts sorted by Nile Red tagging were 56.0±14.0 p/L (6.5-53 µm) and 21.0±7.0 p/L (53-300 µm), while those found by optical microscopic observations were 13.0±5.0 p/L (300-500 µm) and 6.0±3.0 p/L (â‰¥ 500 µm). A significantly high MP amount was observed in the 6.5-53 µm fraction. Fibers dominated in all samples, accounting for 58% of the particle count. Most â‰¥ 300 µm particles tested by ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy were confirmed to be polymeric, identified as PE, PVC, PET, PA, PTFE, PP, and PAM. These particles may have escaped from the treatment plant or were added along the water distribution network. Since MPs in drinking water constitute a potential health risk by exposing humans to direct plastics intake, MP contamination in water supply systems should be controlled.
Spatial variation in breeding phenology at small spatial scales: A stochastic effect of population size
Authors: Takahashi Kae , Sato Takuya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpatial variation in phenology can occur at small spatial scales over which individuals can disperse or forage within one generation. Previous studies have assumed that variations in phenological peaks are caused by differences in abiotic environmental characteristics. However, environments should generally be similar among local habitats over small spatial scales. When the local population size is small, the phenological peak of the local population should be strongly affected by the variation in timing expressed by individuals. If a regional population consists of small local subpopulations (e.g., a metapopulation), the stochastic processes regulated by population sizes may explain the spatial variation in phenology. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the extent of the spatial and annual variations in the breeding phenology of the forest green tree frog, Rhacophorus arboreus habiting a small area (<10 km2). The spatial variation in phenological peaks among 25 breeding sites was large over 6 years. This spatial variation was not explained by differences in air temperature or water depth. Randomization tests revealed that a large portion of the spatial variation could be explained by differences in population size, without considering site‐specific factors. Annual variations in phenological peaks tended to be greater for smaller populations. These results imply that the stochastic process might have caused the spatial and annual variations in the phenological peaks of R. arboreus observed in the study region. Understanding spatiotemporal variation in phenology determined by stochastic process would be important to better predict interspecific interactions and (meta)population dynamics at small spatial scales.
Flexible Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)–Graphene Oxide Hybrid Nanocomposite Based Cognitive Memristor with Pavlovian‐Conditioned Reflex Activities
Authors: Xiong Wen , Zhu Li Qiang , Ye Cong , Ren Zheng Yu , Yu Fei , Xiao Hui , Xu Zhong , Zhou Yi , Zhou Hao , Lu Hong‐Liang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecently, neuromorphic devices have attracted great attention in the field of artificial intelligence technology at the hardware level. In particular regarding the developments of flexible electronics, there is an increasing interest in brain‐inspired multi‐functional perception learning system. In the present work, flexible cognitive memristors based on poly(vinyl alcohol)–graphene oxide (PVA‐GO) hybrid nanocomposite are proposed. These devices exhibit excellent electrical performance at ultralow voltage below 0.5 V with high stability against mechanical stress. The threshold voltage of resistance switching is as low as ≈0.2 V. Good endurance and stability are observed. Most importantly, the PVA‐GO‐hybrid‐based memristor demonstrates an ultralow power consumption of ≈0.5 µW during the SET process. Moreover, such cognitive memristor‐based neuron circuits demonstrate Pavlovian‐associative learning behaviors. These memristors have potential applications in ultralow‐power multi‐functional perception learning systems.
Development and Evaluation of An Abbreviated Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Course for Nonsurgical Physicians and Nurses
Authors: Maddry Joseph K. , Paredes R. Madelaine , Paciocco Joni A. , Castaneda Maria , Araña Allyson A. , Perez Crystal A , Reeves Lauren K. , Newberry Ryan K. , Bebarta Vikhyat S. , Kester Nurani , Mason Phillip E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a modification of cardiopulmonary bypass that allows prolonged support of patients with severe respiratory or cardiac failure. ECMO indications arse rapidly evolving and there is growing interest in its use for cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock. However, ECMO training programs are limited. Training of emergency medicine and critical care clinicians could expand the use of this lifesaving intervention. Our objective was to develop and evaluate an abbreviated ECMO course that can be taught to emergency and critical care physicians and nurses.MethodsWe developed a training model using Yorkshire swine (Sus scrofa), a procedure instruction checklist, a confidence assessment, and a knowledge assessment. Participants were assigned to teams of one emergency medicine or critical care physician and one nurse and completed an abbreviated 8‐hour ECMO course. An ECMO specialist trained participants on preparation of the ECMO circuit and oversaw vascular access and ECMO initiation. We used the instruction checklist to evaluate performance. Participants completed confidence and knowledge assessments before and after the course.ResultsSeventeen teams (34 clinicians) completed the abbreviated ECMO course. None had previously completed an ECMO certification course. Immediately following the course, all teams successfully primed and prepared the ECMO circuit. Fifteen teams (88%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 64% to 99%) successfully initiated ECMO. Participants improved their knowledge (difference 21.2, 95% CI = 16.5 to 25.8) and confidence (difference 40.3, 95% CI = 35.6 to 45.0) scores after completing the course.ConclusionsWe developed an accelerated 1‐day ECMO course. Clinicians’ confidence and knowledge assessments improved and 88% of teams could successfully initiate venoarterial ECMO after the course.