bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of major depressive disorder in Japanese cancer patients: A matched cohort study using employer‐based health insurance claims data
Authors: Akechi Tatsuo , Mishiro Izumi , Fujimoto Shinji , Murase Katsuhito 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivePatients with cancer are at high risk of depression. However, the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) after cancer diagnosis has not been studied in a population setting in Japan. This cohort study used a Japanese medical claims database to examine time to MDD in cancer patients and the risk of MDD (hazard ratio; HR) compared with matched cancer‐free controls.MethodsPrimary endpoint was time to MDD (starting 6 months before cancer diagnosis) in adult (18–74 years) cancer patients; secondary endpoint was time to MDD (6 months before to 12 months after cancer diagnosis) in a matched cohort of cancer patients and cancer‐free controls. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine HRs for all cancers and for each cancer site.ResultsOf 35 008 cancer patients (mean age, 53.3 years), 2201 (6.3%) were diagnosed with MDD within 66 months. Matched cancer patients (n = 30 372) had an elevated risk of MDD compared with cancer‐free controls (n = 303 720; HR [95% confidence interval] 2.96 [2.77–3.16]). MDD risk was highest in patients with multiple cancers, pancreatic cancer, and brain cancer. Compared with middle‐aged patients, risk was higher in patients <40 years old and lower in patients ≥65 years old; risk tended to be higher in women than in men.ConclusionsCompared with cancer‐free individuals, Japanese patients with cancer, mostly <65 years old, had an almost threefold higher risk of developing MDD within 12 months of cancer diagnosis. Physicians should watch for MDD in cancer patients and treat when necessary.
Understanding how e‐health interventions meet psychosocial needs of breast cancer patients: The pathways of influence on quality of life and cancer concerns
Authors: Kim Sojung C. , Hawkins Robert P. , Shah Dhavan V. , Gustafson David H. , Baker Timothy B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis investigation explores how using different e‐health interventions facilitates positive psychosocial changes and how these changes reduce cancer concerns and improve quality of life in breast cancer patients over time.MethodsA total of 326 breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to one of three e‐health interventions: (a) Internet only, (b) the Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System information and support services (CHESS‐IS), or (c) CHESS with mentor. Proximal health outcomes such as information overload, emotional functioning, and social support were measured alongside distal outcomes like cancer concerns and quality of life. Participants completed surveys at four time points: pretest as a baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months.ResultsBoth interventions were effective in improving patient health beyond Internet only but they differed in type of change mechanism and clinical benefit. The CHESS‐IS enhanced proximal outcomes at 3 months through improved information competence. The CHESS with mentor intervention reduced breast cancer concerns at 6 months, mediated mainly by emotional‐social competence and emotional functioning.ConclusionsUsing e‐health interventions like CHESS can help patients improve cancer information management skills and emotional functioning, contributing to better short‐term health outcomes. Adding a human mentor can enhance the benefits of CHESS use, extending the experience among breast cancer patients. Theoretical, practical, and clinical implications of the study results are discussed.
A multivariate CUSUM control chart for monitoring Gumbel's bivariate exponential data
Authors: Xie FuPeng , Sun JinSheng , Castagliola Philippe , Hu XueLong , Tang Anan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExponentially distributed data are commonly encountered in high‐quality processes. Control charts dedicated to the univariate exponential distribution have been extensively studied by many researchers. In this paper, we investigate a multivariate cumulative sum (MCUSUM) control chart for monitoring Gumbel's bivariate exponential (GBE) data. Some tables are provided to determine the optimal design parameters of the proposed MCUSUM GBE chart. Furthermore, both zero‐state and steady‐state properties of the proposed MCUSUM GBE chart for the raw and the transformed GBE data are compared with the multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) chart and the paired individual cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart. The results show that the proposed MCUSUM GBE chart outperforms the other two types of control charts for most shift domains. In addition, an extension to Gumbel's multivariate exponential (GME) distribution is also investigated. Finally, an illustrative example is provided in order to explain how the proposed MCUSUM GBE chart can be implemented in practice.
A survey on performance management of operating rooms and a new KPI proposal
Authors: Sonmez Volkan , Pintelon Liliane 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPerformance management of operating rooms is of great importance in hospital management. From the patients' point of view, operating room capacity management ensures available capacity when needed and thus ensuring short (er) waiting time. From the hospital point of view, efficiently and effectively managing these expensive resources is a major concern. Because there are too many performance indicators with a lack of standardization on definitions and there is no one‐size‐fit‐all metric that can assess the overall performance, how to measure is still a challenging question. This paper starts with describing the operating room's characteristics and presents a systematic literature survey exploring different sources for information on operating room performance management. The literature is screened for lists of performance indicators currently used by managers. Aside from the nature of indicators, the way these indicators are used is also investigated. The literature ends with the suggestion of a new key performance indicator (overall operating room effectiveness [OORE]) that is intended to be used in measuring the overall performance of operating rooms from a lean thinking perspective. To increase the ability of finding root causes of low performance, a delay categorization framework is also proposed. Implementation of the KPI is illustrated using a real‐world data. In the conclusion, all the elements studied are brought together, and recommendations for research and practice are formulated.
Resilient interval consensus in robust networks
Authors: Shang Yilun 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis paper considers the resilient interval consensus problems for continuous‐time time‐varying multi‐agent systems when a normal agent is surrounded by no more than r misbehaving agents. Each normal agent individually proposes a constraint interval which specifies their acceptable consensus range and misbehaving agents are anonymous and exert different arbitrary rules posing threats to the global performance of the systems. On the basis of our purely distributed resilient interval consensus strategy, we showed that if the network is (2r + 1)‐robust and the interval intersection is nonempty, the normal agents are able to reach an agreement with the final consensus equilibrium in the interval intersection. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Regression with a right‐censored predictor using inverse probability weighting methods
Authors: Matsouaka Roland A. , Atem Folefac D. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn a longitudinal study, measures of key variables might be incomplete or partially recorded due to drop‐out, loss to follow‐up, or early termination of the study occurring before the advent of the event of interest. In this paper, we focus primarily on the implementation of a regression model with a randomly censored predictor. We examine, particularly, the use of inverse probability weighting methods in a generalized linear model (GLM), when the predictor of interest is right‐censored, to adjust for censoring. To improve the performance of the complete‐case analysis and prevent selection bias, we consider three different weighting schemes: inverse censoring probability weights, Kaplan‐Meier weights, and Cox proportional hazards weights. We use Monte Carlo simulation studies to evaluate and compare the empirical properties of different weighting estimation methods. Finally, we apply these methods to the Framingham Heart Study data as an illustrative example to estimate the relationship between age of onset of a clinically diagnosed cardiovascular event and low‐density lipoprotein among cigarette smokers.
Nanoplasmonic Nanorods/Nanowires from Single to Assembly: Syntheses, Physical Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Fan Jianuo , Sun Mengtao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGold nanorods are anisotropic and exhibit different optical characteristics in both transverse and longitudinal directions, so the plasmon resonance in the near‐infrared region will reflect two absorption peaks. Because of strong enhancements of electromagnetic fields of gold nanorods, gold nanorods are widely used in medical treatment, biological detection, sensors, solar cells and other fields. Since rapid developments of gold nanorods, it is necessary to sort out the recent achievements. In this review, we select three classifications of single nanorods/nanowires, dimers and assembled nanorods to introduce their syntheses methods, optical properties and applications respectively. We firstly overview the history of nanorods/nanowires syntheses and summarize the improvement of the commonly utilized seed‐mediated growth synthesis method; and then, physically, nano‐plasmonic and optical properties of single and assembled nanorod/nanowires are concluded in detail. Lastly, we mainly summarize the recent advances in applications and provide perspective in different fields.
Discourses on Zakat and Its Implementation in Contemporary Ghana
Authors: Weiss Holger 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe chapter discusses horizontal and vertical forms of philanthropy. It focuses on the contemporary discourse on zakat as a tool for the eradication of poverty among imams and Muslim scholars in Ghana. Traditionally, various forms of horizontal informal philanthropy such as zakat and sadaqa constituted the basic form of private support within the Muslim community. Although zakat is discussed in public in the mosques, the collection and distribution of zakat remain largely a private affair. However, a new discourse emerged about two decades ago. The core idea of this discourse the utilization of zakat as an instrument for poverty eradication and the empowerment of the Muslim community by institutionalizing its collection and distribution. Several initiatives have been launched since then, resulting in vertical and institutionalized philanthropy operated by various national Muslim faith-based NGOs, the most prominent one being the Zakat and SadaqaTrust Fund of Ghana, established by the Muslim Caucus in Parliament in 2010. In addition, both the Ahlus-Sunna Wa-Jam’a and the Ghana Muslim Mission have established regional zakat funds. Nevertheless, while Muslim scholars generally are in favour of an institutionalization of zakat, the negative comments on such initiatives indicate that “ordinary” Muslims are not. Instead, it seems as if the traditional way of giving one’s zakat directly to the poor and needy is preferred.
Stability of Wall Boundary Condition Procedures for Discontinuous Galerkin Spectral Element Approximations of the Compressible Euler Equations
Authors: Hindenlang Florian J. , Gassner Gregor J. , Kopriva David A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe perform a linear and entropy stability analysis for wall boundary condition procedures for discontinuous Galerkin spectral element approximations of the compressible Euler equations. Two types of boundary procedures are examined. The first defines a special wall boundary flux that incorporates the boundary condition. The other is the commonly used reflection condition where an external state is specified that has an equal and opposite normal velocity. The internal and external states are then combined through an approximate Riemann solver to weakly impose the boundary condition. We show that with the exact upwind and Lax-Friedrichs solvers the approximations are energy dissipative, with the amount of dissipation proportional to the square of the normal Mach number. Standard approximate Riemann solvers, namely Lax-Friedrichs, HLL, HLLC are entropy stable. The Roe flux is entropy stable under certain conditions. An entropy conserving flux with an entropy stable dissipation term (EC-ES) is also presented. The analysis gives insight into why these boundary conditions are robust in that they introduce large amounts of energy or entropy dissipation when the boundary condition is not accurately satisfied, e.g. due to an impulsive start or under resolution.
On the Use of Hermite Functions for the Vlasov–Poisson System
Authors: Fatone Lorella , Funaro Daniele , Manzini Gianmarco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe apply a second-order semi-Lagrangian spectral method for the Vlasov–Poisson system, by implementing Hermite functions in the approximation of the distribution function with respect to the velocity variable. Numerical tests are performed on a standard benchmark problem, namely the two-stream instability test case. The approach uses two independent sets of Hermite functions, based on Gaussian weights symmetrically placed with respect to the zero velocity level. An experimental analysis is conducted to detect a reasonable location of the two weights in order to improve the approximation properties.
High-Order Finite Element Methods for Interface Problems: Theory and Implementations
Authors: Xiao Yuanming , Zhai Fangman , Zhang Linbo , Zheng Weiying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe propose arbitrary order extended finite element (XFE) methods for solving both two and three dimensional elliptic interface problems. The meshes in our methods do not need to fit the interface and discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes are used in the vicinity of the interface to incorporate the transmission conditions between subdomains. Optimal error estimates in the piecewise H1-norm and in the L2-norm are rigorously proved for the scheme. Two implementation aspects are addressed in this paper: (1) An optimal multigrid solver is introduced for the generated linear system, which converges uniformly with respect to the mesh size. (2) A high order algorithm is presented to compute the integral over elements intersecting the interface. Numerical experiments are reported to support the theoretical results.
An Inexact Petrov-Galerkin Approximation for Gas Transport in Pipeline Networks
Authors: Egger Herbert , Kugler Thomas , Shashkov Vsevolod 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the discretization of gas transport in pipeline networks by an inexact Petrov-Galerkin method. A full convergence analysis is presented for single pipes under the assumption of a linear friction law and the possible extension to pipe networks is discussed. The generalization to nonlinear gas transport models and the efficient implementation by hybridization is investigated numerically.
SAV Method Applied to Fractional Allen-Cahn Equation
Authors: Zhou Xiaolan , Azaiez Mejdi , Xu Chuanju 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFractional differential equations are becoming increasingly used as a modeling tool for processes associated with anomalous diffusion or spatial heterogeneity. We consider in this paper a nonlocal phase transition model, in particular described by the Allen-Cahn equation. Precisely, we deal with a fractional Allen-Cahn equation (FACE) withspectraldefinition of the fractional Laplacian. For the space discretization, we first use spectral Galerkin method to solve the eigenvalue problem (EVP) for the Laplacian operator with homogeneous Neumann boundary condition, then we employ the computed eigenfunctions as trial and test bases to solve the FACE. For the time discretization, based on the scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) approach, we construct unconditionally second-order energy stable BDF scheme (SAV/BDF2). Finally, the developed algorithm is used to simulate the phase evolution of a benchmark problem.
Entropy Conserving and Kinetic Energy Preserving Numerical Methods for the Euler Equations Using Summation-by-Parts Operators
Authors: Ranocha Hendrik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSummation-by-parts operators can be used in the context of finite difference and discontinuous Galerkin methods to create discretisations mimicking properties given at the continuous level such as entropy conservation. Recently, there has been some interest in schemes for the Euler equations that additionally preserve the kinetic energy. However, some these methods resulted in undesired and unexpected changes of the kinetic energy in numerical experiments of Gassner et al. (J Comput Phys 327:39–66, 2016). Here, analytical insights into kinetic energy preservation are given and new entropy conservative and kinetic energy preserving numerical fluxes are proposed.
A Spectral Element Reduced Basis Method for Navier–Stokes Equations with Geometric Variations
Authors: Hess Martin W. , Quaini Annalisa , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider theNavier-Stokesequations in a channel with a narrowing of varying height. The model is discretized with high-order spectral elementansatzfunctions, resulting in 6372 degrees of freedom. The steady-state snapshot solutions define a reduced order space through a standard POD procedure. The reduced order space allows to accurately and efficiently evaluate the steady-state solutions for different geometries. In particular, we detail different aspects of implementing the reduced order model in combination with a spectral element discretization. It is shown that an expansion in element-wise local degrees of freedom can be combined with a reduced order modelling approach to enhance computational times in parametric many-query scenarios.
Recurrence Relations for a Family of Orthogonal Polynomials on a Triangle
Authors: Olver Sheehan , Townsend Alex , Vasil Geoffrey M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper derives sparse recurrence relations between orthogonal polynomials on a triangle and their partial derivatives, which are analogous to recurrence relations for Jacobi polynomials. We derive these recurrences in a systematic fashion by introducing ladder operators that map an orthogonal polynomial to another by incrementing or decrementing its associated parameters by one. We apply the results to efficiently calculating the Laplacian of polynomial approximations of functions on the triangle, using polynomial degrees in the thousands, i.e., millions of degrees of freedom.
Hermite Methods in Time
Authors: Gu Rujie , Hagstrom Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study time-stepping methods based on Hermite-Birkhoff interpolation. For linear problems, the methods are designed so that their stability characteristics are identical to those of standard implicit Runge–Kutta methods based on Gauss-Legendre quadrature (Hairer and Wanner, Solving ordinary differential equations II, stiff and differential-algebraic problems. Springer, New York, 1996). However, in contrast, only a single nonlinear system whose dimension matches that of the original problem must be solved independent of the method order; that is, they are singly implicit. Besides outlining the construction of the methods and establishing some of their basic properties, we carry out illustrative computations both on standard test problems and a spectral discretization of an initial-boundary value problem for the Schrödinger equation.
Cultural Constructions of Piracy During the Crisis Over Slavery
Authors: Ganser Alexandra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis chapter begins with the first foreign policy crisis with which the U.S. was confronted: the war with so-called ‘Barbary pirates’ at the beginning of the nineteenth century and its de-legitimizing rhetoric of an ‘Oriental’ pirate Other. Captivity tales about abduction and enslavement by Muslim ‘pirates’ like Royall Tyler’s Algerine Captive (1824) re-directed piracy from North Africa to North America, questioning the legitimacy of slavery at home and thus helping prepare the grounds for nineteenth-century abolitionist discourses. The chapter shows that during the crisis over slavery in the mid-nineteenth century, piracy signified the criticality of legitimacy in the context of a Black Atlantic literature, exemplified by Trinidadian M. Maxwell Philip’s Emmanuel Appadocca (1854) and Herman Melville’s “Benito Cereno” (1855/1856). While Philip explores piracy in a plot of revenge, Melville’s novella reflects the slavery crisis as fundamentally a crisis of knowing and telling, voicing ontological insecurity as masters and slaves become indistinguishable over suspicions of piracy. The same conjuncture is used in a different context in popular anti-Southern discourses during the Civil War, as decorated letter envelopes (explored in the final section) depicted Jefferson Davis and the seceded South as prototypical pirates.
Crowdfunding Prospects in New Emerging Markets: The Cases of India and Bangladesh
Authors: Suresh Krishnamurthy , Øyna Stine , Munim Ziaul Haque 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCrowdfunding is a viable approach to financing start-ups and supporting social causes in advanced economies. The World Bank estimates a vast potential for crowdfunding also in emerging markets. The South Asia region consists of predominantly collectivist societies where helping others through donations is an integral part of prevailing religious obligations and societal norms. Thus, these countries share certain cultural and religious traits that are highly consistent with the principles of crowdfunding. In the current chapter, we explore the history, ongoing activity, and future prospects of crowdfunding in new emerging markets, specifically, India and Bangladesh. We observe that India is largely dominating the crowdfunding activity in the region, which is otherwise limited.
Crowdfunding in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Chao Emmanuel James , Serwaah Priscilla , Baah-Peprah Prince , Shneor Rotem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe chapter presents the current state of crowdfunding research and practice in Africa while outlining opportunities and challenges associated with them. Conditions of growing popularity of digital and mobile finance, low penetration of traditional financial institutions, and a long cultural heritage of communal mutual support may enhance crowdfunding uptake. On the other hand, conditions of unclear regulation, relatively low levels of internet access, and societies characterized by low social trust may all hinder crowdfunding uptake. Accordingly, African crowdfunding is at its infancy and involves transitory hybrid practices of early adoption, often involving reliance on foreign contributors via donations and pro-social lending platforms. To ensure future development, stakeholders should engage in relevant policy development, technological adaptations, raising public awareness, reducing user entry barriers, and creating incentives for trial.