bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses' autonomy in sleep management improves patients' sleep quality: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lis Katarzyna , Sak‐Dankosky Natalia , Czarkowska‐Pączek Bożena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe current literature indicates that intensive care (ICU) patients' sleep quality is generally poor, which is associated with serious physical and psychological consequences.Aims and objectivesTo describe the practices nurses use to provide good‐quality sleep to adult ICU patients and assess nurses' perceptions of patients' sleep quality and nurses' professional autonomy in sleep management.DesignA descriptive‐correlational, cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 232 ICU nurses from four hospitals in Poland were recruited. Data were collected between May and August 2019 using a previously developed questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and non‐parametric tests.ResultsA total of 119 nurses took part in the study (response rate: 51%). On average, nurses rated patients' sleep quality as moderate (4.44 ± 2.23, scale 0‐10). Most of the respondents (95.8%) said they did not use any sleep protocol. Various strategies to improve patients' sleep were used sporadically (2.64 ± 1.55, scale 1‐5). The use of sleep quality assessment methods was positively correlated with patients' sleep quality (rho = 0.22, P = .02). Nurses' professional autonomy regarding sleep management was assessed as average (4.34 ± 2.43, scale 0‐10) and was correlated with the patients' sleep quality (rho = 0.25, P < .01). Nurses who rated their autonomy in patients' sleep management more highly (rho = 0.29, P < .01) and more often influenced patients' sleep decisions (rho = 0.24, P < .01) used more methods to improve patients' sleep.ConclusionsStrengthening the professional autonomy of ICU nurses and creating a reliable sleep assessment and improvement tool, which would describe strategies nurses can implement independently could increase sleep quality among ICU patients.Relevance to clinical practiceAddressing organizational problems, which hamper the patients' sleep management by ICU nurses could result in using more strategies to provide good‐quality sleep to ICU patients. There is a need for clinical guidelines regarding patients' sleep management to help educate and guide nurses how to independently use sleep improvement methods.
Pain During COVID‐19: A Comprehensive Review and Guide for the Interventionalist
Authors: Murphy Micheal T. , Latif Usman 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain, the leading cause of disability in the world, imposes limitations on activities of daily living and diminishes quality of life leading to unnecessary patient suffering. The personal and socioeconomic costs of chronic pain cannot be overstated. Physicians are at the crux of the pandemic and must attempt to limit the spread of the virus while maintaining their professional responsibility to their patients and staff members.ObjectiveThe aim of this review is to analyze the existing literature to develop consensus recommendations for treating pain during the current COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsRelevant literature was located via computer‐generated citations between the months of March and May of 2020. Online computer searches of multiple databases including Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed, and Cochrane Review were conducted in conjunction with a thorough review of local, state, national, and international governmental and organizational websites to locate research on the area of interest.ResultsThe guidelines in this review are meant to offer a framework to pain practitioners and organizations for providing highly effective, ethical, and safe care to patients while maintaining their commitment to mitigating the spread of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Specific areas addressed include general and interventional‐specific treatment and mitigation recommendations.ConclusionsWe believe that the recommendations in this review, if used in conjunction with evolving recommendations of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and federal, state, and local governing bodies, provides a path to not only mitigate the spread of the pandemic but also limit the adverse impact of pain and suffering in chronic pain patients.
Positive effects of resilience and self‐efficacy on World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument score among caregivers of stroke inpatients in China
Authors: Jia Yajing , Shi Jing , Sznajder Kristin K. , Yang Fengzhi , Cui Can , Zhang Weiyu , Yang Xiaoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimStroke is one of the major health challenges affecting life expectancy and quality of life around the world. However, there is limited reporting on the status of some caregivers, including Chinese caregivers of stroke inpatients. Limited information is available on evaluations using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL) and the effects of resilience and self‐efficacy on WHOQOL score. Therefore, we conducted research to assess the role of resilience on the WHOQOL and to investigate the role of self‐efficacy as a mediator between resilience and WHOQOL score among Chinese caregivers of stroke inpatients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study to gather data from north‐east and south‐east China was conducted from June 2019 to October 2019. Over 380 caregivers of stroke inpatients at two general public hospitals were interviewed face‐to‐face. About 305 caregivers (80.26%) completed the questionnaire, which included the Ego Resilience Scale, the General Self‐Efficacy Scale, and the brief version of the WHOQOL and asked about demographic characteristics. This study also examined factors associated with WHOQOL score and used linear regression analysis and structure equation modelling to construct direct and indirect models, respectively.ResultsAfter adjustment for demographic characteristics, both resilience and self‐efficacy were positively associated with all WHOQOL domains. Structure equation modelling revealed that self‐efficacy mediated the relationship between resilience and WHOQOL score among caregivers of stroke inpatients.ConclusionChinese caregivers of stroke inpatients exhibited good social health but poor physical, psychological, and environmental health. It is necessary for promoting resilience and improving WHOQOL score through the mediating effect of self‐efficacy. These results suggest that interventions in health care focused on both enhancing resilience and providing self‐efficacy training could effectively improve WHOQOL score.
The Relevance and Operations of Political Trust in the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Robinson Scott E. , Ripberger Joseph T. , Gupta Kuhika , Ross Jennifer A. , Fox Andrew S. , Jenkins‐Smith Hank C. , Silva Carol L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs the United States is at historic lows of trust in government, various agencies are seeking to convince members of the public to take key protective actions and to support novel policy actions intended to reduce the spread of COVID‐19. This article assesses the status of trust in key organizations relevant to pandemic information based on a national survey of residents of the United States. First, the article illustrates the variations in trust placed in various agencies—local to global agencies and governmental and private sector organizations. Second, the analysis reveals considerable variances in trust in specific organizations based on party identification. Finally, the results indicate that trust is important as it is related to the intention to adopt personal protective actions and support for key public policies.
Integrating development aid into social policy: Lessons on cooperation and its challenges learned from the example of health care in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Isabekova Gulnaz , Pleines Heiko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn many low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries, development aid accounts for a large share of social expenditures. However, its fragmentation is among the major challenges to the efficiency and sustainability of policy measures. In reaction to this challenge, the Sector‐Wide Approach (SWAp) to development aid proposes pooling resources in order to improve cooperation and increase ownership by the recipient state. The SWAp to health care in Kyrgyzstan, which started in 2005, is treated as one of the major success stories in the expert community and the academic literature. To allow for systematic analysis of the many‐fold principles incorporated into the SWAp blueprint, we re‐conceptualise it as an ideal‐type causal mechanism leading from improved cooperation to efficient aid implementation. Based on a case study of the second phase (2012–2018) of the SWAp to health care in Kyrgyzstan we highlight critical junctures in the implementation of a donor‐supported social policy.
Computational characterization of double reduction in autotetraploid natural populations
Authors: Jiang Libo , Ren Xiangyu , Wu Rongling 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYPopulation genetic theory has been well developed for diploid species, but its extension to study genetic diversity, variation and evolution in autopolyploids, a class of polyploids derived from the genome doubling of a single ancestral species, requires the incorporation of multisomic inheritance. Double reduction, which is characteristic of autopolyploidy, has long been believed to shape the evolutionary consequence of organisms in changing environments. Here, we develop a computational model for testing and estimating double reduction and its genomic distribution in autotetraploids. The model is implemented with the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm to dissect unobservable allelic recombinations among multiple chromosomes, enabling the simultaneous estimation of allele frequencies and double reduction in natural populations. The framework fills an important gap in the population genetic theory of autopolyploids.
Yours is bigger than mine! Could an index like the Producer Subsidy Equivalent help in understanding the comparative incidence of industrial subsidies?
Authors: Wolfe Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractState support remains a leading cause of tension in international commercial relations. Governments see trade distortions that look like they were caused by industrial subsidies, but lack data to illuminate that state support. In the 1980s, the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) developed an index that helped countries to see the overall incidence of agricultural subsidies, initially called the Producer Subsidy Equivalent (PSE) and the Consumer Subsidy Equivalent (CSE). Are there lessons for today in the PSE approach? I try to answer that question from the standpoint of economics: how did the PSE evolve, what is it, is the concept relevant to industrial subsidies? And of politics: how was OECD able to create the tool, and do present conditions permit something similar? The PSE was a response to a shared perception of crisis. It drew on well‐established concepts in the agricultural economics and trade literatures. And it works best in a context where market power is sufficiently diffuse that a price gap between domestic and world prices can be calculated. Only some of those conditions can be met when applying the approach to concentrated industries dominated by large firms that operate in multi‐country supply chains.
The impact of political relations on international trade: China–Philippines island dispute as a quasi‐natural experiment
Authors: Luo Changyuan , Sun Shiyi , Wan Guanghua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn May 2012, with tensions over Huangyan Island taking an increasingly sour turn, China released a document to strengthen inspection and quarantine of fruits imported from the Philippines. To many, this retaliation implied that the former launched economic sanctions against the latter over the growing conflict. As such, this paper takes that tension as a quasi‐natural experiment to examine the impact of deteriorating political relations on trade. We employ difference‐in‐difference to conduct an empirical investigation by using the monthly data of the Philippines’ fruit export. The estimation results show that after the implementation of the document, in comparison with other export destination countries, Philippine banana and pineapple exports to China decreased by 42% and 88%, respectively. However, the sanction effects weakened over time. Extended analyses also find that the Philippines evaded the sanctions to some extent by trans‐shipping through third countries, transferring exports to other countries, and deeply processing fruits. In conclusion, the sanctions were not as effective as expected.
Periodic dike intrusions at Kı-lauea volcano, Hawai’i
Authors: Montgomery-Brown Emily K. , Miklius Asta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractForecasting heightened magmatic activity is key to assessing and mitigating global volcanic hazards, including eruptions from lateral rift zones at basaltic volcanoes. At Kı-lauea volcano, Hawai’i (United States), planar dikes intrude its east rift zone (ERZ) and repeatedly affect the same segments. Here we show that Kı-lauea’s upper and middle ERZ dikes in the last four decades intruded at regular intervals of ∼8 or ∼14 yr. Segments with shorter recurrence intervals are adjacent to faster-moving parts of the flank, and ∼1–5 MPa of tension accumulates from flank spreading in the time between dike events. Intrusion frequency was neither advanced nor delayed during magma supply variations, supporting the role of long-term flank motion on the timing of dike intrusions. Although fewer historical dikes have occurred near the 2018 CE eruption site in the lower ERZ and the adjacent slowly sliding lower eastern flank, similar tension accumulated between the 1955 and 2018 eruptions. Regular dike intrusion recurrence intervals indicate the importance of including both extrusive and (commonly neglected) intrusive activity in eruption hazard analyses.
Bacille Calmette-Guérin inoculation site changes and cardiac complications in patients with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Takikawa Haruki , Ae Ryusuke , Matsubara Yuri , Matsubara Daisuke , Makino Nobuko , Kosami Koki , Kuwabara Masanari , Sasahara Teppei , Nakamura Yosikazu 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate whether redness and crusting at the bacille Calmette-Guérin inoculation site (BCGitis), identified during acute illness owing to Kawasaki disease (KD), is an independent risk factor for development of cardiac complications.DesignRetrospective cohort study using data from the nationwide KD survey in Japan.SettingSurvey respondents included hospitals specialising in paediatrics and hospitals with ≥100 beds and a paediatric department throughout Japan.PatientsWe included 17 181 patients with KD across Japan during 2005–2006.Main outcome measuresBCGitis and cardiac complications resulting from KD.ResultsBCGitis was identified in 7549 (44%) patients with KD. Compared with patients without BCGitis, those with BCGitis were younger, more likely to be male, less likely to have recurrent status and visited a hospital and underwent initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment earlier after KD onset. In the unadjusted model, patients with BCGitis were significantly less likely to have cardiac complications (crude OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.92). However, after including treatment factors (days of illness at initial IVIG and treatment responsiveness) in the adjusted model, the association was no longer significant (adjusted OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.03), indicating that BCGitis was not an independent factor associated with cardiac complication and might be confounded by treatment factors.ConclusionsBCGitis was identified in comparatively early illness stages of KD. Our findings indicated that BCGitis was not an independent factor associated with developing cardiac complications but was confounded by prompt initial IVIG administration, which might result in successful treatment and prevention of cardiac complications.
The time to act is now: pseudo-systematic review
Authors: Ford Nathan , Brigden Grania , Ellman Tom , Mills Edward J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
To identify any medical or public health rationale for claims that the time to act is now.

Design
Pseudo-systematic review.

Data sources
PubMed.

Study selection
Studies that included the claim “time is now” in the title, with or without exclamation marks. No language or date restriction was applied.

Results
512 articles were included for review. No relationship was identified between time to act and disease burden, severity, or specialty. Claims that the time to act was Christmas were almost entirely without basis. A clustering of claims that it is time to act in the first quarter of the year suggested a possible association with New Year’s resolutions.

Conclusions
Now is as good a time as any.
The Babinski sign in Renaissance paintings—a reappraisal of the toe phenomenon in representations of the Christ Child: observational analysis
Authors: Sellal François , Tatu Laurent 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
To investigate systematically the presence of the Babinski sign in paintings of the Christ Child by the greatest painters of the Renaissance.

Design
Observational analysis.

Setting
Large collection of paintings depicting the Christ Child from Flemish, Rhenish, and Italian schools between 1400 and 1550 CE, searched using published catalogues and Google.

Study sample
302 Renaissance paintings (by 19 painters) depicting the Christ Child.

Main outcome measure
Babinski sign, defined as a hallux extension with an amplitude greater than 30°. The presence of foot sole stimulation was also noted.

Results
An unquestionable upgoing toe was apparent in 90 (30%) of the 302 paintings. The Babinski sign was present in more than 60% of Christ Child paintings by Rogier van der Weyden, Hans Memling, Martin Schongauer, and Matthias Grünewald. A bilateral Babinski sign was observed in three paintings. Stimulation of the sole was noted in 48/90 (53%) paintings and was always present in paintings by Andrea del Verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci, and Giorgione. No association existed between the presence of the Babinski sign and the period during which the painter was active.

Conclusions
Four main factors were noted in relation to the representation of the Babinski sign in paintings of the Christ Child: the physiological toe phenomenon in infants, the representation of the nudity of the Christ by painters during the 15th century to demonstrate the incarnation, Renaissance painters’ need for precise observation of anatomy, and the desire of some Rhenish and Flemish painters to depict very realistic details. Italian Renaissance painters, whether Mannerist or not, tended to idealise the beauty of human body, and they often did not reproduce the Babinski sign.
Modelling interventions to control COVID-19 outbreaks in a refugee camp
Authors: Gilman Robert Tucker , Mahroof-Shaffi Siyana , Harkensee Christian , Chamberlain Andrew T 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIn the absence of effective treatments or vaccines, non-pharmaceutical interventions are the mainstay of control in the COVID-19 pandemic. Refugee populations in displacement camps live under adverse conditions that are likely to favour the spread of disease. To date, only a few cases of COVID-19 have appeared in refugee camps, and whether feasible non-pharmaceutical interventions can prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in such settings remains untested.MethodsWe constructed the first spatially explicit agent-based model of a COVID-19 outbreak in a refugee camp, and applied it to evaluate feasible non-pharmaceutical interventions. We parameterised the model using published data on the transmission rates and progression dynamics of COVID-19, and demographic and spatial data from Europe’s largest refugee camp, the Moria displacement camp on Lesbos, Greece. We simulated COVID-19 epidemics with and without four feasible interventions.ResultsSpatial subdivision of the camp (‘sectoring’) was able to ‘flatten the curve’, reducing peak infection by up to 70% and delaying peak infection by up to several months. The use of face masks coupled with the efficient isolation of infected individuals reduced the overall incidence of infection, and sometimes averted epidemics altogether. These interventions must be implemented quickly in order to be maximally effective. Lockdowns had only small effects on COVID-19 dynamics.ConclusionsAgent-based models are powerful tools for forecasting the spread of disease in spatially structured and heterogeneous populations. Our findings suggest that feasible interventions can slow the spread of COVID-19 in a refugee camp setting, and provide an evidence base for camp managers planning intervention strategies. Our model can be modified to study other closed populations at risk from COVID-19 or future epidemics.
Management of acromioclavicular joint disease by manual therapy versus corticosteroid injections: the protocol of a non-inferiority study
Authors: Michaut Alexia , Planche Lucie , Auzanneau Lucie , Cormier Grégoire 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionDegenerative acromioclavicular joint pain accounts for about 4% of shoulder pain. Various medical and non-medical treatment strategies are available for acromioclavicular joint disease but it is difficult to conduct a comparative evaluation of these treatments. The few studies dealing with the medical management of the disease have conducted no comparative assessment of drug therapies, physiotherapy, joint manipulation and corticosteroid injections. The primary goal of this study is to determine whether manual therapy is not inferior to ultrasound-guided injection of a corticosteroid preparation to decrease acromiocalvicular joint pain at 3 months.Methods and analysisThe acromioclavicular arthropathy managed by manual therapy is a monocentric, comparative, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority study conducted in the Rheumatology Department of Vendée Departmental Hospital, involving two parallel groups receiving either corticosteroid injections or manual therapy. The inclusion criteria are patients who suffer from pain in the shoulder or the proximal part of the arm, with pain located on palpation of the acromioclavicular joint associated with a positive cross-arm test and a positive O’Brien test. Randomisation will be at a 1:1 ratio. The injection group will receive a single ultrasound-guided injection of 1 mL of Diprostène and the manual therapy group will receive between one and three sessions at intervals of one per week. The primary outcome will be to compare the Visual Analogue Scale for pain-activity-related score at 3 months for both groups.Ethics and disseminationThe study project has been approved by the appropriate ethics committee (Committee for the Protection of Patients Ouest II in Angers, 30 April 2019, with the registration number of 2019/22). In agreement with current French regulations, signed informed written consent will be obtained from each patient. Results of the main trial and of the secondary endpoints will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT03951480.