bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal and Renal Microvasculature in Relation to Central Hemodynamics in 11‐Year‐Old Children Born Preterm or At Term
Authors: Wei Fang‐Fei , Raaijmakers Anke , Melgarejo Jesus D. , Cauwenberghs Nicholas , Thijs Lutgarde , Zhang Zhen‐Yu , Yu Cai‐Guo , Levtchenko Elena , Struijker‐Boudier Harry A. J. , Yang Wen‐Yi , Kuznetsova Tatiana , Kennedy Sean , Verhamme Peter , Allegaert Karel , Staessen Jan A. 
Published: July 2020

Background
Prematurity disrupts the perinatal maturation of the microvasculature and macrovasculature and confers high risk of vascular dysfunction later in life. No previous studies have investigated the crosstalk between the microvasculature and macrovasculature in childhood.

Methods and Results

In a case‐control study, we enrolled 55 children aged 11 years weighing <1000 g at birth and 71 matched controls (October 2014–November 2015). We derived central blood pressure (BP) wave by applanation tonometry and calculated the forward/backward pulse waves by an automated pressure–based wave separation algorithm. We measured the renal resistive index by pulsed wave Doppler and the central retinal arteriolar equivalent by computer‐assisted program software. Compared with controls, patients had higher central systolic BP (101.5 versus 95.2 mm Hg,
P
<0.001) and backward wave amplitude (15.5 versus 14.2 mm Hg,
P
=0.029), and smaller central retinal arteriolar equivalent (163.2 versus 175.4 µm,
P
<0.001). In multivariable analyses, central retinal arteriolar equivalent was smaller with higher values (+1 SD) of central systolic BP (−2.94 µm; 95% CI, −5.18 to −0.70 µm [
P
=0.011]) and forward (−2.57 µm; CI, −4.81 to −0.32 µm [
P
=0.026]) and backward (−3.20 µm; CI, −5.47 to −0.94 µm [
P
=0.006]) wave amplitudes. Greater renal resistive index was associated with higher backward wave amplitude (0.92 mm Hg,
P
=0.036).

Conclusions
In childhood, prematurity compared with term birth is associated with higher central systolic BP and forward/backward wave amplitudes. Higher renal resistive index likely moves reflection points closer to the heart, thereby explaining the inverse association of central retinal arteriolar equivalent with central systolic BP and backward wave amplitude. These observations highlight the crosstalk between the microcirculation and macrocirculation in children.

Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT02147457.
Correlating Ex Vivo Carotid Calcification Measurements With Cerebrovascular Symptoms
Authors: Cahalane Rachel M. , O’Brien Julie M. , Kavanagh Eamon G. , Moloney Michael A. , Leahy Fiona C. , Walsh Michael T. 
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to examine the ability of ex vivo derived Agatston, Volume, and Density-Volume calcium scores or calcium density measurements to differentiate between carotid plaques based on preoperative cerebrovascular symptomatology.

Methods:
Thirty-eight carotid plaques were acquired from standard endarterectomy. Micro-computed tomography was performed on the ex vivo samples. Image series were downsampled to represent the resolution of clinical multidetector computed tomography. Agatston, Volume, and Density-Volume carotid calcium scores were then calculated using coronary methodologies. The fractions of low- and high-density calcification were also determined.

Results:
The coronary calcium scores could not differentiate between carotid plaques from asymptomatic versus symptomatic patients. However, plaques from asymptomatic patients contained significantly lower fractions of low-density calcification and higher fractions of high-density calcification.

Conclusions:
Screening for carotid calcium density in noncontrast computed tomography could reflect plaque stability.
Second Sailing towards Immortality and God
Authors: Ferber Rafael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the deuteros plous, literally ‘the second voyage’, proverbially ‘the next best way’, discussed in Plato’s Phaedo, the key passage being Phd. 99e4-100a3. I argue that (a) the ‘flight into the logoi’ can have two different interpretations, a standard one and a non-standard one. The issue is whether at 99e-100a Socrates means that both the student of erga and the student of logoi consider images (‘the standard interpretation’), or the student of logoi does not consider images (‘the non-standard interpretation’); (b) the non-standard one implies the problem of the hypothesis, a problem analogous to the problem of the elenchus; (c) there is a structural analogy between Descartes’ ontological argument for the existence of God in his 5th Meditation and the final proof for the immortality of the soul in the Phaedo.
The Father of the Devil (John 8:44)
Authors: Litwa M. David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article argues that John 8:44 helped to inspire the early Christian view that the creator was an evil being. John 8:44 has at least four possible readings allowed by grammar. In two of these readings, taken by a variety of early Christian groups (including early catholics), there is indication that the devil has a father. Since the desires of this father are known from the parallel desires of his children, some early Christians inferred the hostility of the devil’s father toward Christ, and thus his evil nature.
Assessing the Relationship Between Drive for Thinness and Taste–Shape Correspondences
Authors: Hamamoto Yumi , Motoki Kosuke , Sugiura Motoaki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Eating disorder tendencies are psychological characteristics that are prevalent in healthy young females and are known to be among the risk factors for eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa. People with greater eating disorder tendencies strongly associate sweet and fatty foods with weight gain and strictly avoid consuming such foods. However, little is known about how eating disorder tendencies influence the association between taste and body shape impression. Research on crossmodal correspondences suggests that people preferentially associate sweet tastes with round shapes, and individual differences affect the degree of such associations. This study investigates how the degree of taste–shape matching is related to eating disorder tendencies with a preliminary investigation of what mediates this relationship. Two experiments were conducted: in Experiment 1, healthy participants rated the degree of association between basic taste words (sweet/sour/salty/bitter) and roundness of shape and subsequently completed questionnaires addressing eating disorder tendencies. In Experiment 2, participants answered additional questionnaires addressing obsessiveness, dichotomous thinking, and self-esteem. The results of Experiment 1 indicated a positive correlation between drive for thinness, which is one indicator of an eating disorder tendency, and the degree of matching sweetness to round shape. Experiment 2 replicated the results of Experiment 1 and revealed the mediating effect of obsessiveness. These findings suggest a relationship between individual differences in taste–shape matching and eating disorder tendency and the preliminary mediating role of obsessiveness. The present study provides new insight into the role of sweet–round matching in eating disorder tendencies and the associated psychological mechanisms.
How Are Audiovisual Simultaneity Judgments Affected by Multisensory Complexity and Speech Specificity?
Authors: Ikeda Tsunagu , Morishita Masanao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
While stimulus complexity is known to affect the width of the temporal integration window (TIW), a quantitative evaluation of ecologically highly valid stimuli has not been conducted. We assumed that the degree of complexity is determined by the obviousness of the correspondence between the auditory onset and visual movement, and we evaluated the audiovisual complexity using video clips of a piano, a shakuhachi flute and human speech. In Experiment 1, a simultaneity judgment task was conducted using these three types of stimuli. The results showed that the width of TIW was wider for speech, compared with the shakuhachi and piano. Regression analysis revealed that the width of the TIW depended on the degree of complexity. In the second experiment, we investigated whether or not speech-specific factors affected the temporal integration. We used stimuli that either contained natural-speech sounds or white noise. The results revealed that the width of the TIW was wider for natural sentences, compared with white noise. Taken together, the width of the TIW might be affected by both the complexity and speech specificity.
Overview of the CPOC Pilot Study at Whiteface Mountain, NY: Cloud Processing of Organics within Clouds (CPOC)
Authors: Lance Sara , Zhang Jie , Schwab James J. , Casson Paul , Brandt Richard E. , Fitzjarrald David R. , Schwab Margaret J. , Sicker John , Lu Cheng-Hsuan , Chen Sheng-Po , Yun Jeongran , Freedman Jeffrey M. , Shrestha Bhupal , Min Qilong , Beauharnois Mark , Crandall Brian , Joseph Everette , Brewer Matthew J. , Minder Justin R. , Orlowski Daniel , Christiansen Amy , Carlton Annmarie G. , Barth Mary C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAqueous chemical processing within cloud and fog water is thought to be a key process in the production and transformation of secondary organic aerosol mass, found abundantly and ubiquitously throughout the troposphere. Yet, significant uncertainty remains regarding the organic chemical reactions taking place within clouds and the conditions under which those reactions occur, owing to the wide variety of organic compounds and their evolution under highly variable conditions when cycled through clouds. Continuous observations from a fixed remote site like Whiteface Mountain (WFM) in New York State and other mountaintop sites have been used to unravel complex multiphase interactions in the past, particularly the conversion of gas-phase emissions of SO2 to sulfuric acid within cloud droplets in the presence of sunlight. These scientific insights led to successful control strategies that reduced aerosol sulfate and cloud water acidity substantially over the following decades. This paper provides an overview of observations obtained during a pilot study that took place at WFM in August 2017 aimed at obtaining a better understanding of Chemical Processing of Organic Compounds within Clouds (CPOC). During the CPOC pilot study, aerosol cloud activation efficiency, particle size distribution, and chemical composition measurements were obtained below-cloud for comparison to routine observations at WFM, including cloud water composition and reactive trace gases. Additional instruments deployed for the CPOC pilot study included a Doppler lidar, sun photometer, and radiosondes to assist in evaluating the meteorological context for the below-cloud and summit observations.
Prediction of Flash Droughts over the United States
Authors: Mo Kingtse C. , Lettenmaier Dennis P 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examine reforecasts of flash droughts over the United States for the late spring (April–May), midsummer (June–July), and late summer/early autumn (August–September) with lead times up to 3 pentads based on the NOAA second-generation Global Ensemble Forecast System reforecasts version 2 (GEFSv2). We consider forecasts of both heat wave and precipitation deficit (P deficit) flash droughts, where heat wave flash droughts are characterized by high temperature and depletion of soil moisture and P deficit flash droughts are caused by lack of precipitation that leads to (rather than being the cause of) high temperature. We find that the GEFSv2 reforecasts generally capture the frequency of occurrence (FOC) patterns. The equitable threat score (ETS) of heat wave flash drought forecasts for late spring in the regions where heat wave flash droughts are most likely to occur over the north-central and Pacific Northwest regions is statistically significant up to 2 pentads. The GEFSv2 reforecasts capture the basic pattern of the FOC of P-deficit flash droughts and also are skillful up to lead about 2 pentads. However, the reforecasts overestimate the P-deficit flash drought FOC over parts of the Southwest in late spring, leading to large false alarm rates. For autumn, the reforecasts underestimate P-deficit flash drought occurrence over California and Nevada. The GEFSv2 reforecasts are able to capture the approximately linear relationship between evaporation and soil moisture, but the lack of skill in precipitation forecasts limits the skill of P-deficit flash drought forecasts.
Effect of Policy Change to Require Laboratory Reporting With Pregnancy Indicated for Syphilis and Hepatitis B Virus Infection, New York City, January 2013–June 2018
Authors: Liao Tim S. , Hashmi Ariba , Lazaroff Julie , Hennessy Robin R. , Sanders Kim Afua , Evans Lloyd Pamela , Rosen Jennifer B. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives We evaluated the impact of a 2014 New York City health code change requiring laboratories to indicate if a patient is pregnant or probably pregnant in the electronic laboratory report (ELR) when reporting syphilis and hepatitis B virus (HBV) cases to the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH). Methods We calculated the number of pregnant persons with syphilis or HBV infection reported to DOHMH from January 1, 2013, through June 30, 2018. We compared the proportion in which the first report to DOHMH was an ELR with pregnancy indicated before and after the policy change. We calculated time between first ELR with pregnancy indicated and subsequent reporting by a method other than ELR and the proportion of cases in which ELR with pregnancy indicated was the only report source. Results A total of 552 new syphilis and 8414 HBV-infected cases were reported to DOHMH. From January 2013–June 2014 (pre-change) to January 2017–June 2018 (post-change), the proportion of cases in which ELR with pregnancy indicated was the first report to DOHMH increased significantly (14.7% [23/156] to 46.2% [80/173] for syphilis; 8.0% [200/2498] to 45.3% [851/1879] for HBV infection [ P < .001]). Median time between first ELR with pregnancy indicated and subsequent reporting by a method other than ELR was 9.0 days for syphilis and 51.0 days for HBV infection. ELR with pregnancy indicated was the only report for 43.1% (238/552) of syphilis cases and 23.4% (1452/6200) of HBV cases during the study period. Conclusion Including pregnancy status with ELR can increase the ability of public health departments to conduct timely interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
Simulating the End of AIDS in New York: Using Participatory Dynamic Modeling to Improve Implementation of the Ending the Epidemic Initiative
Authors: Martin Erika G. , MacDonald Roderick H. , Gordon Daniel E. , Swain Carol-Ann , O’Donnell Travis , Helmeset John , Dwicaksono Adenantera , Tesoriero James M. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives In 2014, the governor of New York announced the Ending the Epidemic (ETE) plan to reduce annual new HIV infections from 3000 to 750, achieve a first-ever decrease in HIV prevalence, and reduce AIDS progression by the end of 2020. The state health department undertook participatory simulation modeling to develop a baseline for comparing epidemic trends and feedback on ETE strategies. Methods A dynamic compartmental model projected the individual and combined effects of 3 ETE initiatives: enhanced linkage to and retention in HIV treatment, increased preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men, and expanded housing assistance. Data inputs for model calibration and low-, medium-, and high-implementation scenarios (stakeholders’ rollout predictions, and lower and upper bounds) came from surveillance and program data through 2014, the literature, and expert judgment. Results Without ETE (baseline scenario), new HIV infections would decline but remain >750, and HIV prevalence would continue to increase by 2020. Concurrently implementing the 3 programs would lower annual new HIV infections by 16.0%, 28.1%, and 45.7% compared with baseline in the low-, medium-, and high-implementation scenarios, respectively. In all concurrent implementation scenarios, although annual new HIV infections would remain >750, there would be fewer new HIV infections than deaths, yielding the first-ever decrease in HIV prevalence. PrEP and enhanced linkage and retention would confer the largest population-level changes. Conclusions New York State will achieve 1 ETE benchmark under the most realistic (medium) implementation scenario. Findings facilitated framing of ETE goals and underscored the need to prioritize men who have sex with men and maintain ETE’s multipronged approach, including other programs not modeled here.
Relationship Between Tramadol Response and Cancer Cachexia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Morio Kayoko , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Yano Ikuko 
Published: July 2020

Objective: It was reported that the administration of tramadol in patients with cancer pain who have a higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) serum level led to insufficient pain relief. Cytokines produced by tumors, including IL-6, are associated with cancer cachexia. However, whether nonresponse to tramadol is related to cancer cachexia is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between tramadol response and cancer cachexia in patients with cancer pain. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with cancer who received tramadol treatment for mild to moderate pain from January 2016 to June 2019. Patients who experienced <20% pain reduction based on the numeric rating scale from baseline to day 7 after treatment with tramadol were defined as nonresponders. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between tramadol response and various patient characteristics, including cancer cachexia. Results: Of 115 patients, 79 were included in the analysis. A total of 24 patients experienced cancer cachexia, and 22 patients were nonresponders. In the univariate logistic analysis, cancer cachexia (odds ratio [OR]: 6.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.06-17.7), higher white blood cell counts (× 103/μL; OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04-1.61), and lower body mass index (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66-0.96) were significantly associated with nonresponse to tramadol. The multivariate logistic analysis revealed that cancer cachexia (OR: 5.27, 95% CI: 1.75-15.9) was the only significant factor associated with nonresponse to tramadol. Conclusions: Cancer cachexia in patients with cancer pain can be associated with nonresponse to tramadol.
Papillophlebitis in a COVID-19 patient: Inflammation and hypercoagulable state
Authors: Insausti-García Alfredo , Reche-Sainz José Alberto , Ruiz-Arranz Celia , López Vázquez Ángel , Ferro-Osuna Manuel 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Papillophlebitis is a rare condition characterized by venous congestion and optic disc edema, which has been suggested to occur as a consequence of inflammation of the retinal veins or, possibly, the capillaries of the optic disc, leading to venous insufficiency and compression of the central retina vein. The disease affects healthy young adults and commonly has a benign course, however, if complications such as macular edema or ischemia appears, treatment should be instituted immediately to avoid poor prognosis. Case report: A 40-year old white male patient consulted for a slight decrease in the sensitivity of the visual field in his left eye (OS). Visual acuities (VA) were 20/20 in both eyes. OS fundus examination showed dilated and tortuous retinal vessels, disc edema, and retinal hemorrhages. The patient was diagnosed with papillophlebitis. OS VA decreased to 20/200 due to macular edema, and he was treated with a intravitreal dexamethasone implant. An exhaustive and interdisciplinary exploration process was performed, identifying a recent disease and recovery of Covid-19 as the only factor of inflammation and coagulation alteration. Other systemic diseases were excluded. We also describe a rapid decrease in disc and macular edema after intravitreal dexametasone injection, which could support the inflammatory hypothesis. Conclusion: The importance of this case lies in the possible association of papillophlebitis with the new Covid-19 disease. We believe that the inflammatory reaction and the coagulation alteration present in our patient due to Sars-Cov2 coronavirus may have acted as risk factors for the development of papillophlebitis.
Patients’ reasons for non-use of digital patient-reported outcome concepts: A scoping review
Authors: Nielsen Amalie Søgaard , Kidholm Kristian , Kayser Lars 
Published: July 2020

Data from digitally administered patient reported outcomes (PROs) is used more and more in routine healthcare for long-term conditions as a part of daily clinical practice. This literature study reviews empirical studies of digital PRO to examine patients’ reasons for non-use of digitally administered PRO data in routine care. This scoping review searched through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases, reporting on study population, intervention, duration of intervention and motivational factors alongside stated reasons for nonparticipation or dropout for each study. The patients’ reasons for not participating, either from study start or by dropout, were analysed through a thematic approach. Fifty-one studies were included, published from 2010 to 2019, mostly from Europe and the Unites States covering different long-term conditions. The reasons for non-use are manifold and cover the themes of ability to use PRO, engagement, emotional distress and technical barriers. Several reasons are given explaining why patients with long-term conditions are not using digitally administered PRO as intended. This should be taken into account in the design phase of digital PRO interventions and considered in conversations with patients during the intervention.