bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrolytic biotransformation of the bumetanide ester prodrug DIMAEB to bumetanide by esterases in neonatal human and rat serum and neonatal rat brain—A new treatment strategy for neonatal seizures?
Authors: Theilmann Wiebke , Brandt Claudia , Bohnhorst Bettina , Winstroth Anne‐Mieke , Das Anibh Martin , Gramer Martina , Kipper Andi , Kalesse Markus , Löscher Wolfgang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe loop diuretic bumetanide has been proposed previously as an adjunct treatment for neonatal seizures because bumetanide is thought to potentiate the action of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic drugs such as phenobarbital by preventing abnormal intracellular accumulation of chloride and the subsequent "GABA shift." However, a clinical trial in neonates failed to demonstrate such a synergistic effect of bumetanide, most likely because this drug only poorly penetrates into the brain. This prompted us to develop lipophilic prodrugs of bumetanide, such as the N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl ester of bumetanide (DIMAEB), which rapidly enter the brain where they are hydrolyzed by esterases to the parent compound, as demonstrated previously by us in adult rodents. However, it is not known whether esterase activity in neonates is sufficient to hydrolyze ester prodrugs such as DIMAEB.MethodsIn the present study, we examined whether esterases in neonatal serum of healthy term infants are capable of hydrolyzing DIMAEB to bumetanide and whether this activity is different from the serum of adults. Furthermore, to extrapolate the findings to brain tissue, we performed experiments with brain tissue and serum of neonatal and adult rats.ResultsSerum from 1‐ to 2‐day‐old infants was capable of hydrolyzing DIMAEB to bumetanide at a rate similar to that of serum from adult individuals. Similarly, serum and brain tissue of neonatal rats rapidly hydrolyzed DIMAEB to bumetanide.SignificanceThese data provide a prerequisite for further evaluating the potential of bumetanide prodrugs as add‐on therapy to phenobarbital and other antiseizure drugs as a new strategy for improving pharmacotherapy of neonatal seizures.
Hybridization alters growth and migratory life‐history expression of native trout
Authors: Strait Jeffrey T. , Eby Lisa A. , Kovach Ryan P. , Muhlfeld Clint C. , Boyer Matthew C. , Amish Stephen J. , Smith Seth , Lowe Winsor H. , Luikart Gordon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman‐mediated hybridization threatens many native species, but the effects of introgressive hybridization on life‐history expression are rarely quantified, especially in vertebrates. We quantified the effects of non‐native rainbow trout admixture on important life‐history traits including growth and partial migration behavior in three populations of westslope cutthroat trout over five years. Rainbow trout admixture was associated with increased summer growth rates in all populations and decreased spring growth rates in two populations with cooler spring temperatures. These results indicate that non‐native admixture may increase growth under warmer conditions, but cutthroat trout have higher growth rates during cooler periods. Non‐native admixture consistently increased expression of migratory behavior, suggesting that there is a genomic basis for life‐history differences between these species. Our results show that effects of interspecific hybridization on fitness traits can be the product of genotype‐by‐environment interactions even when there are minor differences in environmental optima between hybridizing species. These results also indicate that while environmentally mediated traits like growth may play a role in population‐level consequences of admixture, strong genetic influences on migratory life‐history differences between these species likely explains the continued spread of non‐native hybridization at the landscape‐level, despite selection against hybrids at the population‐level.
Cryptochrome 1 is modulated by blue light in human keratinocytes and exerts positive impact on human hair growth
Authors: Buscone Serena , Mardaryev Andrei N. , Westgate Gillian E. , Uzunbajakava Natallia E. , Botchkareva Natalia V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhotoactivation of cryptochrome‐family proteins by blue light is a well‐established reaction regulating physiology of plants, fungi, bacteria, insects and birds, while impact of blue light on cryptochrome synthesis and/or activity in human non‐visual cells remains unknown. Here, we show that 453 nm blue light induces cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) accumulation in human keratinocytes and the hair follicle. CRY1 is prominently expressed in the human anagen hair follicle, including epithelial stem cells. Specific silencing of CRY1 promotes catagen, while stimulation of CRY1 by KL001 prolongs anagen ex vivo by altering the expression of genes involved in apoptosis and proliferation. Together, our study identifies a role for CRY1 in sustaining human hair growth. Previously, we demonstrated positive effects of 453 nm blue light on hair growth ex vivo. Taken all together, our study suggests that CRY1 might mediate blue light‐dependent positive effects on hair growth.
Overexpression of Fgf8 in the epidermis inhibits hair follicle development
Authors: Wang Zhengsen , Chen Yixuan , Chen Meiyang , Zhang Yanding 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe hair follicle is a classical model for studying epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. Given the critical role of fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) in embryonic development, we generated a mouse model that overexpresses Fgf8 specifically in the epidermis. Interestingly, these mutant mice exhibited stunted, smaller bodies and severe hypotrichosis. Histological analysis showed that the hair follicles in the mutants were arrested at stage 2 of hair development. The density of hair follicles in the mutant mice was also lower compared to that in the control mice. Overexpression of Fgf8 inhibited the proliferation of epidermal cells and simultaneously promoted apoptosis, leading to the arrest of hair follicle development. Further analysis showed that sonic hedgehog (Shh) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. To summarize, our study demonstrates that FGF signalling plays an important role in the regulation of hair follicle development.
Consequences ofDivorce‐BasedFather Absence During Childhood for Young AdultWell‐Beingand Romantic Relationships
Authors: Reuven‐Krispin Hanita , Lassri Dana , Luyten Patrick , Shahar Golan 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis research explores the implications of father absence due to divorce on young adults' well‐being and romantic relationships.BackgroundStudies have demonstrated the negative implications of father absence, a common consequence of divorce, on children's development. However, previous research has not systematically compared complete versus partial father absence.MethodYoung adults who, as children, experienced complete (n = 38) or partial (n = 41) father absence were compared with 40 participants in a father‐presence control group.ResultsCompared with those in the control group, young adults in the partial father‐absence group reported higher psychopathology and maternal overprotection, and lower maternal care, romantic intimacy, commitment, and passion. Under elevated maternal care, the partial‐absence group reported lower dyadic adjustment and consolidated sense of identity. Participants in the complete‐absence group reported higher self‐criticism and maternal overprotection and lower maternal care than controls.ConclusionPartial father absence might have particularly pernicious consequences for young adults' well‐being.ImplicationsClinical and public policy implications are discussed.
Vasorelaxant effect of trans‐4‐chloro‐β‐nitrostyrene, a synthetic nitroderivative, in rat thoracic aorta
Authors: Sousa‐Brito Hellida Larissa , Arruda‐Barbosa Loeste , Vasconcelos‐Silva Alfredo Augusto , Gonzaga‐Costa Karoline , Duarte Gloria Pinto , Borges Rosivaldo Santos , Magalhães Pedro Jorge Caldas , Lahlou Saad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPreviously, we showed that 1‐nitro‐2‐phenylethene, a nitrostyrene derivative of 1‐nitro‐2‐phenylethane, induced vasorelaxant effects in rat aorta preparations. Here, we studied mechanisms underlying the vasorelaxant effects of its structural analog, trans‐4‐chloro‐β‐nitrostyrene (T4CN), in rat aortic rings. Increasing concentrations of T4CN (0.54‐544.69 µm) fully and similarly relaxed contractions induced by phenylephrine (PHE, 1 µm) or KCl (60 mm) in endothelium‐intact aortic rings with IC50 values of 66.74 [59.66–89.04] and 79.41 [39.92–158.01] µm, respectively. In both electromechanical and pharmacomechanical couplings, the vasorelaxant effects of T4CN remained unaltered by endothelium removal, as evidenced by the IC50 values (108.35 [56.49–207.78] and 65.92 [39.72–109.40] µm, respectively). Pretreatment of endothelium‐intact preparations with L‐NAME, ODQ, glibenclamide, or TEA did not change the vasorelaxant effect of T4CN. Under Ca2+‐free conditions, T4CN significantly reduced the phasic contractions induced by caffeine or PHE, as well as the contractions due to exogenous CaCl2 in aortic preparations stimulated with PHE (in the presence of verapamil). These results suggest that in rat aortic rings, T4CN induced vasorelaxation independently from the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP pathway, an effect that may be related to the electrophilicity of the substituted chloro‐nitrostyrene. This vasorelaxation seems to involve inhibition of both calcium influx from the extracellular milieu and calcium mobilization from intracellular stores mediated by IP3 receptors and by ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+ channels.
Warming leads to more closed nitrogen cycling in nitrogen‐rich tropical forests
Authors: Lie Zhiyang , Huang Wenjuan , Liu Xujun , Zhou Guoyi , Yan Junhua , Li Yuelin , Huang Chumin , Wu Ting , Fang Xiong , Zhao Mengdi , Liu Shizhong , Chu Guowei , Kadowaki Kohmei , Pan Xiaoping , Liu Juxiu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWarming may have profound effects on nitrogen (N) cycling by changing plant N demand and underground N supply. However, large uncertainty exists regarding how warming affects the integrated N dynamic in tropical forests. We translocated model plant‐soil ecosystems from a high‐altitude site (600 m) to low‐altitude sites at 300 and 30 m to simulate warming by 1.0°C and 2.1°C, respectively, in tropical China. The effects of experimental warming on N components in plant, soil, leaching, and gas were studied over 6 years. Our results showed that foliar δ15N values and inorganic N (NH4‐N and NO3‐N) leaching were decreased under warming, with greater decreases under 2.1°C of warming than under 1.0°C of warming. The 2.1°C of warming enhanced plant growth, plant N uptake, N resorption, and fine root biomass, suggesting higher plant N demand. Soil total N concentrations, NO3‐N concentrations, microbial biomass N and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundance were decreased under 2.1°C of warming, which probably restricted bioavailable N supply and arbuscular mycorrhizal contribution of N supply to plants. These changes in plants, soils and leaching indicated more closed N cycling under warming, the magnitude of which varied over time. The closed N cycling became pronounced during the first 3 years of warming where the sustained reductions in soil inorganic N could not meet plant N demand. Subsequently, the closed N cycling gradually mitigated, as observed by attenuated positive responses of plant growth and less negative responses of microbial biomass N to warming during the last 3 years. Overall, the more closed N cycling under warming could facilitate ecosystem N retention and affect production in these tropical forests, but these effects would be eventually mitigated with long‐term warming probably due to the restricted plant growth and microbial acclimation.
Treatment of pelvic haemophilic pseudotumour: A retrospective study
Authors: Zheng Jianxiong , Chen Keyu , Liu Fei , Deng Yihang , Mao Zexiong , Lv Jiaxin , Xu Yaowen , Chen Bin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of a pelvic haemophilic pseudotumour is very low and is rarely seen in the clinic. Due to the lack of clear treatment standards, patients often suffer from the condition over a protracted period. The aim of this retrospective study was to present our institutional experience in the treatment of pelvic haemophilic pseudotumours over the past 8 years.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed patients with a pelvic haemophilic pseudotumour who were treated in the Nanfang hospital between February 2012 and December 2019. The type and severity of haemophilia, the presence of inhibitors, comorbidities, pseudotumour imaging data, treatment and follow‐up results were recorded and analysed.ResultsPelvic pseudotumours were identified in seven patients with haemophilia. Three patients had severe haemophilia, three had moderate haemophilia, one had mild haemophilia and inhibitors were present in two patients. Transfusion‐related infectious diseases were noted in three patients. Spontaneous rupture and infection of the pseudotumour occurred in five patients. In addition, five patients underwent surgical treatment, two of whom healed well, two patients suffered recurrence of the pseudotumour, and one patient developed a postoperative haematoma twice. Two patients were treated conservatively, one of whom was unable to walk because of progression of the disease, while the other died from severe bleeding and infection.ConclusionsOnce a pelvic haemophilic pseudotumour is diagnosed, surgical resection should be performed as soon as possible. A delay in diagnosis and suboptimal treatment may lead to complications of the pelvic haemophilic pseudotumour.
Rates of Vascular Events in Patients With Migraine: A MarketScan® Database Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gill Karminder , Chia Victoria M. , Hernandez Rohini K. , Navetta Marco 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the baseline rates of vascular events among people with migraine.BackgroundSeveral novel medications that target the calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) pathway are approved to treat people with migraine. Given that the CGRP pathway also plays a role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis, determining the baseline rates of vascular events among people with migraine will help inform the safety of these novel medications.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients 18‐ to 64‐year‐old patients with migraine were identified from the MarketScan® database (January 2013‐December 2017) and were categorized into 4 vascular risk categories: migraine with aura; and high, medium, and low vascular risk. Event rates (per 1000 person‐years [PY]) for 19 vascular events were estimated overall, by risk category, and by baseline characteristics.ResultsAmong 1,195,696 patients with migraine, 4.8% (57,853/1,195,696) had migraine with aura, and 2.8% (33,949/1,195,696), 15.5% (184,782/1,195,696), and 77.9% (931,059/1,195,696) were at high, medium, and low risk of vascular events, respectively. Rates of ischemic stroke (per 1000 PY) were 5.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.0, 5.2) overall, 8.6 (95% CI: 8.1, 9.1) for patients with migraine aura, 47.2 (95% CI: 45.3, 49.0) in the high‐risk group, 9.4 (95% CI: 9.1, 9.7) in the medium‐risk group, and 2.9 (95% CI: 2.9, 3.0) in the low‐risk group. Rates of acute myocardial infarction (per 1000 PY) were 1.8 (95% CI: 1.8, 1.9) overall, 1.9 (95% CI: 1.7, 2.2) for patients with migraine aura, 14.0 (95% CI: 13.0, 14.9) in the high‐risk group, 3.9 (95% CI: 3.7, 4.1) in the medium‐risk group, and 1.1 (95% CI: 1.0, 1.1) in the low‐risk group. High‐risk patients had the highest rates of each of 19 evaluated vascular events, and rates were higher for men, older age groups, and those with higher comorbidity scores, medication usage, and medical utilization.ConclusionOur findings provide recent rates of vascular disease in patients with migraine. In the future, this information will be useful to help inform clinical risk:benefit decision making when assessing the use of therapies such as CGRP antagonists for migraine.
Calf and arm circumference as simple markers for screening sarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Endo Kei , Sato Takuro , Kakisaka Keisuke , Takikawa Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2020

AimTo prevent the progression of sarcopenia, early identification is important. We investigated the usefulness of sarcopenia screening tests using the arm and calf circumferences in patients with chronic liver disease.MethodsThis was a single‐center cross‐sectional study based on data collected from a university hospital. We analyzed simple anthropometric data and sarcopenia‐related chemical data or imaging data between April and December 2019. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Japan Society of Hepatology guidelines.ResultsIn total, 661 patients participated. Low muscle mass and low muscle strength were found in 245 (37.1%) and 153 (23.1%) patients, respectively. Ultimately, 90 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The sarcopenia group was significantly older and had a higher cirrhosis ratio and poorer liver function than the non‐sarcopenia group. The sarcopenia group had a significantly lower body mass index, arm circumferences and calf circumferences than the non‐sarcopenia group. A receiver operating characteristics analysis for diagnosing sarcopenia by arm and calf circumferences showed respective areas under the curve of 0.89 and 0.91 for men and 0.84 and 0.89 for women. The optimal cut‐off values of arm and calf circumferences were respectively determined to be 25.0 and 32.6 cm for men (sensitivity 88.4% and 83.7%; specificity 74.0% and 84.7%) and 22.7 and 32.1 cm for women (sensitivity 66.0% and 85.1%; specificity 90.0% and 81.3%).ConclusionsThe arm and calf circumferences seem useful as simple surrogate markers for screening sarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease.
Evaluation of the surface properties of hair with acoustic emission analysis
Authors: McMullen R.L. , Schiess T. , Kulcsar L. , Foltis L. , Gillece T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe tactile sensation of hair is an important consumer‐perceivable attribute. There are limited instrumental options to measure the haptic properties of hair. In this study, we introduce a novel technique using the acoustic emissions produced when skin comes in contact with dry hair in a stroking motion.MethodsUsing a free‐field microphone with a frequency response of 8–12,500 Hz, we recorded acoustic emission data of the interaction of skin with hair. Data were captured with Electroacoustics Toolbox software and analysed with Matlab. Acoustic emission profiles were generated allowing us to monitor the acoustic response at distinct frequencies.ResultsVarious experiments were conducted to develop this novel technique as a suitable measure to monitor the surface properties of hair. Increasing the normal force and velocity of the interaction led to an increase in acoustic emissions. We also examined the acoustic profile of hair that underwent chemical treatment. For example, bleached hair produced a much higher magnitude acoustic response than the corresponding virgin hair. On the other hand, hair conditioner systems mitigated the acoustic response. Finally, investigations of textured hair revealed that the three‐dimensional structure of the hair fibre assembly and its ability to return to its original state when perturbed produce the most dominant acoustic response for this type of hair.ConclusionWe introduce a cutting‐edge method to reproducibly evaluate the surface properties of hair. Different types of hair geometry produce unique acoustic profiles as do hair types that experience harsh damaging treatments. This is also a very practical and efficient way to evaluate the degree of protection or conditioning of the fibre.
Insights into the susceptibility of raspberries to Drosophila suzukii oviposition
Authors: Wöhner Thomas , Pinggera Johanna , Fritzsche Eric , Peil Andreas , Pinczinger Dora , Hanke Magda‐Viola 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe spotted wing drosophila (SWD) causes massive losses in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivation by direct oviposition leading to damages of the soft skin fruits. Knowledge of the fly's host preference could help farmers in managing the pest. We used a laboratory‐based oviposition assay for screening the germplasm of Rubus to ascertain whether the spotted wing drosophila prefers certain cultivars to others for oviposition and if preference is based on citric acid and Brix content or firmness. Correlation analyses of evaluated characters with no‐choice tests results in 3 years obtained no correlation between citric acid, Brix content and oviposition. Primocane raspberries were lower affected by SWD than floricane raspberries. The Rubus hybrid cultivar “Dorman Red” and the primocane cultivar “Pokusa” showed the lowest oviposition rate compared to the other 58 evaluated genotypes. We found that oviposition correlates to firmness of the investigated cultivars, which strongly indicates that host preference is partly connected to that character in raspberries. The results are discussed regarding the use of Rubus genetic resources in breeding and integrated pest management to control spotted wing drosophila in the field.
Morphology, Morphogenesis and Phylogenetic Position of the Soil Hypotrichous Ciliate, Parabistichelladieckmanni (Foissner, 1998) Foissner, 2016 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), with Notes on the Phylogeny of Parabistichella
Authors: Lyu Zhao , Li Jingbao , Wang Yurui , Shao Chen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe morphology, morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny of Parabistichella dieckmanni (Foissner, 1998) Foissner, 2016, isolated from north China, were investigated. The Chinese population was characterized as having five to seven frontal cirri in corona, four to seven buccal cirri arranged in a row, two to four short frontal rows and two long frontoventral rows, three to seven transverse cirri, four macronuclear nodules, three dorsal kineties following a Gonostomum‐pattern, and caudal cirri absent. Morphogenetic research reveals that the main characteristics during binary fission are as follows: (1) the long left frontoventral row is formed by two or three anlagen; (2) the posterior part of the parental adoral zone of membranelles is renewed, and the oral primordium of the opisthe is formed intrakinetally; (3) FVT‐anlagen I to VI (or V, VII) produce each a frontal cirrus to form the frontal corona; (4) development of dorsal kineties follows the Gonostomum‐pattern. Phylogenetic analyses showed that P. dieckmanni does not group with other Parabistichella species. Therefore, the genus Parabistichella is polyphyletic. Additionally, Parabistichella variabilis n. comb. (basionym: Bistichella variabilis He & Xu, 2011) and Parabistichella cheni n. nom. (basionym: Parabistichella variabilis Jiang et al., 2013) were suggested.