bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deaths in Prison Custody: A Scoping Review of the Experiences of Staff and Bereaved Relatives
Authors: Roulston Audrey , McKeaveney Clare , Anderson Margaret , McCloskey Paul , Butler Michelle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrison populations are growing globally with an increase in older and infirm prisoners, as well as longer prison sentences, meaning more prisoners are likely to die while incarcerated. This scoping review explored the experiences of death in prison custody on staff and relatives. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO were professionally searched, followed by a hand search. Empirical and non-empirical studies of deaths in prison custody were screened. Data extraction used Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Thematic analysis was underpinned by Braun and Clarke for identifying, analysing and reporting patterns. From 12,127 citations retrieved, 174 were selected for full-text review and 22 were included in the final scoping review. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: (i) transformative effect, (ii) time delays, (iii) conflicts of interest and (iv) support. Prison staff avoided contaminating their personal lives. Families were distressed by inaccurate and untimely information, inappropriate constraints and poor communication. Staff balanced security and humanitarian needs. Bereaved relatives and staff felt isolated, alienated and unsupported. Unmet advocacy, communication and social care needs, poor end-of-life and bereavement care could be improved through staff training and social work intervention. Staff need psychosocial support, supervision and counselling.
Changes in blood pressure during treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib
Authors: Saito Kei , Fujii Hideki , Kono Keiji , Hirabayashi Ken , Yamatani Satoshi , Watanabe Kentaro , Goto Shunsuke , Komatsu Shohei , Fukumoto Takumi , Nishi Shinichi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Within the class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which are used for the treatment of numerous advanced cancers, lenvatinib is associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension (HT) compared with other TKIs. In this study, we investigated the effect of lenvatinib on blood pressure (BP) and associated factors.

Methods
This single-centre, retrospective observational study included 25 consecutive patients treated with lenvatinib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma from April 2018 to December 2018 at the study institution. We assessed changes in BP using ambulatory BP monitoring, urinary sodium excretion, kidney function, use of antihypertensive agents and diuretics, and fluid retention following treatment initiation with lenvatinib.

Results
At 1 week after treatment initiation, the mean BP and the percentage of patients with riser pattern significantly increased compared with those at the baseline. Although there were no significant changes at 1 week, urinary sodium excretion (153.4 ± 51.7 and 112.5 ± 65.0 mEq/day at 1 and 3 weeks, respectively, P &lt; 0.05) and estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly decreased and the number of patients with fluid retention increased at 3 weeks. Furthermore, patients with fluid retention had significantly higher BP or required more intensive BP treatment compared with those without fluid retention.

Conclusions
Lenvatinib might lead to HT without fluid retention soon after the initiation of treatment, subsequently leading to a reduction in urinary sodium excretion, thereby contributing to a rise in BP by fluid retention.
Implementation of an on-demand app-based heart rate and rhythm monitoring infrastructure for the management of atrial fibrillation through teleconsultation: TeleCheck-AF
Authors: Pluymaekers Nikki A H A , Hermans Astrid N L , van der Velden Rachel M J , Gawałko Monika , den Uijl Dennis W , Buskes Saskia , Vernooy Kevin , Crijns Harry J G M , Hendriks Jeroen M , Linz Dominik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDuring the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, outpatient visits in the atrial fibrillation (AF) clinic of the Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+) were transferred into teleconsultations. The aim was to develop anon-demand app-based heart rate and rhythm monitoring infrastructure to allow appropriatmanagement of AF through teleconsultation. In line with the fundamental aspects of integrated care, including actively involving patients in the care process and providing comprehensive care by a multidisciplinary team, we implemented a mobile health (mHealth) intervention to support teleconsultations with AF patients: TeleCheck-AF. The TeleCheck-AF approach guarantees the continuity of comprehensive AF management and supports integrated care through teleconsultation during COVID-19. It incorporates three important components: (i) a structured teleconsultation (‘Tele’), (ii) a CE-marked app-based on-demand heart rate and rhythm monitoring infrastructure (‘Check’), and (iii) comprehensive AF management (‘AF’). In this article, we describe the components and implementation of the TeleCheck-AF approach in an integrated and specialized AF-clinic through teleconsultation. The TeleCheck-AF approach is currently implemented in numerous European centres during COVID-19.
Thinning and Burning Effects on Long-Term Litter Accumulation and Function in Young Ponderosa Pine Forests
Authors: Busse Matt , Gerrard Ross 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We measured forest-floor accumulation in ponderosa pine forests of central Oregon and asked whether selected ecological functions of the organic layer were altered by thinning and repeated burning. Experimental treatments included three thinning methods applied in 1989 (stem only, whole tree, no thin—control) in factorial combination with prescribed burning (spring 1991 and repeated in 2002; no burn—control). Forest-floor depth and mass were measured every 4–6 years from 1991 to 2015. Without fire, there was little temporal change in depth or mass for thinned (270 trees ha−1) and control (560–615 trees ha−1) treatments, indicating balanced litterfall and decay rates across these stand densities. Each burn consumed 50–70 percent of the forest floor, yet unlike thinning, postfire accumulation rates were fairly rapid, with forest-floor depth matching preburn levels within 15–20 years. Few differences in forest-floor function (litter decay, carbon storage, physical barrier restricting plant emergence, erosion protection) resulted from thinning or burning after 25 years. An exception was the loss of approximately 300 kg N ha−1 because of repeated burning, or approximately 13 percent of the total site N. This study documents long-term forest-floor development and suggests that common silvicultural practices pose few risks to organic layer functions in these forests.
Study Implications: Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire are among the most widespread management practices used to restore forests in the western US to healthy, firewise conditions. We evaluated their effects on the long-term development of litter and duff layers, which serve dual roles as essential components of soil health and as fuel for potential wildfire. Our study showed that thinning and burning provided effective fuel reduction and resulted in no adverse effects to soil quality in dry ponderosa pine forests of central Oregon. Repeated burning reduced the site carbon and nitrogen pools approximately 9–13 percent, which is small compared to C located in tree biomass and N in mineral soil. Litter accumulation after burning was rapid, and we recommend burning on at least a 15–20-year cycle to limit its build-up.
Healthcare Access and Utilization Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in Medicaid Expansion and Nonexpansion States: 22 United States Cities, 2018
Authors: Lewis Rashunda , Baugher Amy R , Finlayson Teresa , Wejnert Cyprian , Sionean Catlainn ,   National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) Study Group, Wortley Pascale , Todd Jeff , Melton David , Flynn Colin , German Danielle , Klevens Monina , Doherty Rose , O’Cleirigh Conall , Jimenez Antonio D , Clyde Thomas , Poe Jonathon , Vaaler Margaret , Deng Jie , Al-Tayyib Alia , Shodell Daniel , Higgins Emily , Griffin Vivian , Sanger Corrine , Khuwaja Salma , Lopez Zaida , Padgett Paige , Sey Ekow Kwa , Ma Yingbo , Santacruz Hugo , Brantley Meredith , Mathews Christopher , Marr Jack , Spencer Emma , Nixon Willie , Forrest David , Anderson Bridget , Tate Ashley , Abrego Meaghan , Robinson William T , Barak Narquis , Beckford Jeremy M , Braunstein Sarah , Rivera Alexis , Carrillo Sidney , Ibrahim Abdel R , Wogayehu Afework , Moraga Louis , Brady Kathleen A , Shinefeld Jennifer , Nnumolu Chrysanthus , Menza Timothy W , Orellana E Roberto , Bhattari Amisha , Flynn Anna , Chambers Onika , Ramos Marisa , McFarland Willi , Lin Jessica , Miller Desmond , De León Sandra Miranda , Rolón-Colón Yadira , Martínez María Pabón , Jaenicke Tom , Glick Sara , Kienzle Jennifer , Smith Brandie , Reid Toyah , Opoku Jenevieve , Kuo Irene 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act increased insurance coverage, access to healthcare, and substance use disorder treatment, for many Americans. We assessed differences in healthcare access and utilization among persons who inject drugs (PWID) by state Medicaid expansion status.

Methods
In 2018, PWID were interviewed in 22 US cities for National HIV Behavioral Surveillance. We analyzed data from PWID aged 18–64 years who reported illicit use of opioids (n = 9957) in the past 12 months. Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to examine differences by Medicaid expansion status in indicators of healthcare access and utilization.

Results
Persons who inject drugs in Medicaid expansion states were more likely to have insurance (87% vs 36%; aPR, 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0–2.6), a usual source of healthcare (53% vs 34%; aPR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3–1.9), and have used medication-assisted treatment (61% vs 36%; aPR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.7), and they were less likely to have an unmet need for care (21% vs 39%; aPR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.7) than those in nonexpansion states.

Conclusions
Low insurance coverage, healthcare access, and medication-assisted treatment utilization among PWID in some areas could hinder efforts to end the intertwined human immunodeficiency virus and opioid overdose epidemics.
Novel Hepatitic C Virus (HCV) Diagnosis and Treatment Delivery Systems: Facilitating HCV Elimination by Thinking Outside the Clinic
Authors: Bajis Sahar , Applegate Tanya L , Grebely Jason , Matthews Gail V , Dore Gregory J 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organization has set a goal to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as public health threat by 2030. Although the advent of highly effective and tolerable direct-acting antiviral therapy has paved the way for HCV elimination, most people with HCV infection remain undiagnosed and untreated globally, with striking disparities between high-income and low- to middle-income countries. Novel decentralized and cost-effective “test-and-treat” strategies are critically needed to identify the millions of people unaware of their status and link them to treatment.
Progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Ramzy Reda M R , Al Kubati Abdul Samid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLymphatic filariasis (LF), a neglected tropical disease, is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem. This article reviews the history of LF control and elimination activities in the countries of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) over the last 2 decades. In 2000, the estimated at-risk population in EMR countries was 12.6 million people, accounting for approximately 1% of the global disease burden. Of the 22 EMR countries, 3 countries (Egypt, Sudan and Yemen) were LF endemic and the disease was suspected in 4 other countries (Djibouti, Oman, Somalia and Saudi Arabia). After almost 2 decades of implementing sustained control and prevention measures, Egypt and Yemen were successfully validated by the WHO as having achieved the elimination criteria in 2017 and 2019, respectively. In 2018, Sudan completed mapping of LF, reaching 26.2% geographical coverage where mass drug administration (MDA) is required and is scaling-up MDA. Extensive epidemiological assessment indicated the absence of LF transmission in the four suspected countries and no MDA required. Challenges faced during the elimination and post-elimination phases are described and discussed.
Beyond the corrective action hierarchy: A systems approach to organizational change
Authors: Wood Laura J , Wiegmann Douglas A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Many patient safety organizations recommend the use of the action hierarchy (AH) to identify strong corrective actions following an investigative analysis of patient harm events. Strong corrective actions, such as forcing functions and equipment standardization, improve patient safety by either preventing the occurrence of active failures (i.e. errors or violations) or reducing their consequences if they do occur.

Problem
We propose that the emphasis on implementing strong fixes that incrementally improve safety one event at a time is necessary, yet insufficient, for improving safety. This singular focus has detracted from the pursuit of major changes that transform systems safety by targeting the latent conditions which consistently underlie active failures. To date, however, there are no standardized models or methods that enable patient safety professionals to assess, develop and implement systems changes to improve patient safety.

Approach
We propose a multifaceted definition of ‘systems change’. Based on this definition, various types and levels of systems change are described. A rubric for determining the extent to which a specific corrective action reflects a ‘systems change’ is provided. This rubric incorporates four fundamental dimensions of systems change: scope, breadth, depth and degree. Scores along these dimensions can then be used to classify corrective actions within our proposed systems change hierarchy (SCH).

Conclusion
Additional research is needed to validate the proposed rubric and SCH. However, when used in conjunction with the AH, the SCH perspective will serve to foster a more holistic and transformative approach to patient safety.
An XROMM Study of Food Transport and Swallowing in Channel Catfish
Authors: Weller H I , Olsen A M , Camp A L , Manafzadeh A R , Hernandez L P , Brainerd E L 
Published: June 2020

SynopsisMost predatory ray-finned fishes swallow their food whole, which can pose a significant challenge, given that prey items can be half as large as the predators themselves. How do fish transport captured food from the mouth to the stomach? Prior work indicates that, in general, fish use the pharyngeal jaws to manipulate food into the esophagus, where peristalsis is thought to take over. We used X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology to track prey transport in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). By reconstructing the 3D motions of both the food and the catfish, we were able to track how the catfish move food through the head and into the stomach. Food enters the oral cavity at high velocities as a continuation of suction and stops in the approximate location of the branchial basket before moving in a much slower, more complex path toward the esophagus. This slow phase coincides with little motion in the head and no substantial mouth opening or hyoid depression. Once the prey is in the esophagus, however, its transport is surprisingly tightly correlated with gulping motions (hyoid depression, girdle retraction, hypaxial shortening, and mouth opening) of the head. Although the transport mechanism itself remains unknown, to our knowledge, this is the first description of synchrony between cranial expansion and esophageal transport in a fish. Our results provide direct evidence of prey transport within the esophagus and suggest that peristalsis may not be the sole mechanism of esophageal transport in catfish.
Treatment efficacy for pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kong Fabian Y S , Hatzis Christina L , Lau Andrew , Williamson Deborah A , Chow Eric P F , Fairley Christopher K , Hocking Jane S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Rising gonorrhoea rates require highly effective treatments to reduce transmission and prevent development of antimicrobial resistance. Currently the most effective treatments for pharyngeal gonorrhoea remain unclear. This review aimed to estimate treatment efficacy for pharyngeal gonorrhoea.

Methods
Online bibliographic databases were searched for the period 1 January 2000 to 17 September 2019 for treatments of gonorrhoea. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with data on pharyngeal gonorrhoea among participants aged 15 years or above, published in English, were included. Meta-analyses (random effects) were used to estimate the treatment efficacy, defined as microbiological cure, among currently recommended monotherapies and dual therapies, previously recommended but no longer used regimens and emerging drugs under evaluation. Side effects were also summarized. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020149278).

Results
There were nine studies that included 452 participants studying 19 treatment regimens. The overall treatment efficacy for pharyngeal gonorrhoea was 98.1% (95% CI: 93.8%–100%; I2 = 57.3%; P &lt; 0.01). Efficacy was similar for single (97.1%; 95% CI: 90.8%–100.0%; I2 = 15.6%; P = 0.29) and dual therapies (98.0%; 95% CI: 91.4%–100%; I2 = 79.1%; P &lt; 0.01). Regimens containing azithromycin 2 g or ceftriaxone were similarly efficacious. The summary efficacy estimate for emerging drugs was 88.8% (95% CI: 76.9%–97.5%; I2 = 11.2%; P = 0.34). Small sample sizes in each trial was a major limitation.

Conclusions
Regimens containing ceftriaxone or azithromycin 2 g, alone or as part of dual therapies are the most efficacious for pharyngeal gonorrhoea. Further pharyngeal-specific RCTs with adequate sample sizes are needed.
The Use of 1H-qNMR Method for Simultaneous Determination of Osthol, Columbianadin, and Isoimperatorin inAngelicae PubescentisRadix
Authors: Feng Yanmei , Li Qian , Yang Lan , Zhang Yu , Qiu Daiyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this work was to establish a method to identify and quantify the main active components in Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (APR) quickly, simply, and accurately. This paper reports a novel method which can determine osthol, isoimperatorin, and columbianadin using 1H-qNMR simultaneously and quantitatively.MethodsIn comprehensive consideration of resolution of target signals and the solubility of materials, dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6) was selected as an optimal 1H-qNMR solvent and pyrazine was used as internal standard substance (δ8.66 ppm). The quantitative peaks of three active components were determined using speciﬁc 1H resonances at δ7.54–7.56 ppm for osthol, δ6.83–6.85 ppm for columbianadin, and δ6.31–6.32 ppm for isoimperatorin.ResultsThe results show that the method has good precision, stability, and repeatability. The content of APR plant material from Huating is 9.8 mg/g, 5.6 mg/g, and 15.6 mg/g for osthol, columbianadin, and isoimperatorin, respectively. Furthermore, the experimental process is simple and the test time is short (1 min).ConclusionsThe proposed quantitative 1H-qNMR methodology can be used for the quality control of APR.
Molecular characterization of a prolyl endopeptidase from a feather-degrading thermophile Meiothermus ruber H328
Authors: Yamamoto Fumi , Morisaka Hironobu , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Watanabe Kunihiko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProlyl endopeptidase from an aerobic and Gram-negative thermophile Meiothermus ruber H328 (MrPEP) was purified in native and recombinant forms, but both preparations had comparable characteristics. Production of the native MrPEP was increased 10-fold by adding intact chicken feathers. The gene for MrPEP (mrH_2860) was cloned from the genome of strain H328 and found to have no signal sequence at the N-terminus. MrPEP is composed of two major domains: the β-propeller domain and the peptidase domain with a typical active site motif and catalytic triad. Based on extensive investigations with different types of peptide substrates and FRETS-25Xaa libraries, MrPEP showed strict preferences for Pro residue at the P1 position but broader preferences at the P2 and P3 positions in substrate specificity with stronger affinity for residues at the P3 position of substrate peptides that are longer than four residues in length. In conclusion, the molecular characterization of MrPEP resembles its animal counterparts more closely than bacterial counterparts in function and structure.
HvHOX9, a novel homeobox leucine zipper transcription factor, positively regulates aluminum tolerance in Tibetan wild barley
Authors: Feng Xue , Liu Wenxing , Dai Huaxin , Qiu Yue , Zhang Guoping , Chen Zhong-Hua , Wu Feibo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the primary limiting factor of crop production on acid soils. Tibetan wild barley germplasm is a valuable source of potential genes for breeding barley with acid and Al tolerance. We performed microRNA and RNA sequencing using wild (XZ16, Al-tolerant; XZ61, Al-sensitive) and cultivated (Dayton, Al-tolerant) barley. A novel homeobox-leucine zipper transcription factor, HvHOX9, was identified as a target gene of miR166b and functionally characterized. HvHOX9 was up-regulated by Al stress in XZ16 (but unchanged in XZ61 and Dayton) and was significantly induced only in root tip. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HvHOX9 is most closely related to wheat TaHOX9 and orthologues of HvHOX9 are present in the closest algal relatives of Zygnematophyceae. Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing of HvHOX9 in XZ16 led to significantly increased Al sensitivity but did not affect its sensitivity to other metals and low pH. Disruption of HvHOX9 did not change Al concentration in the root cell sap, but led to more Al accumulation in root cell wall after Al exposure. Silencing of HvHOX9 decreased H+ influx after Al exposure. Our findings suggest that miR166b/HvHOX9 play a critical role in Al tolerance by decreasing root cell wall Al binding and increasing apoplastic pH for Al detoxification in the root.
Chemical signal interactions of the bark beetle with fungal symbionts, and host/non-host trees
Authors: Fang Jiaxing , Liu Man , Zhang Sufang , Liu Fu , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Qinghe , Kong Xiangbo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The symbiosis between the bark beetle (Ips subelongatus) and its fungal symbiont (Endoconidiophora fujiensis) poses a serious threat to larch forests. However, the signaling pathways between these symbiotic partners and their host/non-host trees are not fully understood. Inoculation of the host larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) with two strains of E. fujiensis induced a rapid and long-term release of monoterpenes. Although the fungi had a level of tolerance to these compounds, many monoterpenes inhibited fungal growth in culture. Moreover, monoterpenes with stronger inhibitory effects on fungal growth exhibited weaker synergistic effects on the attraction of I. subelongatus to aggregation pheromone. Surprisingly, individual isomers of aggregation pheromone components promoted fungal symbiont growth in a culture medium. Non-host volatiles (NHVs) were tested and shown to completely inhibit the growth of fungal symbionts in culture but had no effects on beetle responses to aggregation pheromone, with the exception of (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol. These results reveal convergence and mutualism patterns in the evolution of I. subelongatus and E. fujiensis with respect to host tree volatiles but not in response to NHVs. Ultimately, we put forward a hypothesis that host plants are ecological and evolutionary determinants of bark beetle–fungus symbioses in terms of their complex signaling interactions.