bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forcings, Feedbacks, and Climate Sensitivity in HadGEM3‐GC3.1 and UKESM1
Authors: Andrews Timothy , Andrews Martin B. , Bodas‐Salcedo Alejandro , Jones Gareth S. , Kuhlbrodt Till , Manners James , Menary Matthew B. , Ridley Jeff , Ringer Mark A. , Sellar Alistair A. , Senior Catherine A. , Tang Yongming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClimate forcing, sensitivity, and feedback metrics are evaluated in both the United Kingdom's physical climate model HadGEM3‐GC3.1 at low (‐LL) and medium (‐MM) resolution and the United Kingdom's Earth System Model UKESM1. The effective climate sensitivity (EffCS) to a doubling of CO2 is 5.5 K for HadGEM3.1‐GC3.1‐LL and 5.4 K for UKESM1. The transient climate response is 2.5 and 2.8 K, respectively. While the EffCS is larger than that seen in the previous generation of models, none of the model's forcing or feedback processes are found to be atypical of models, though the cloud feedback is at the high end. The relatively large EffCS results from an unusual combination of a typical CO2 forcing with a relatively small feedback parameter. Compared to the previous U.K. climate model, HadGEM3‐GC2.0, the EffCS has increased from 3.2 to 5.5 K due to an increase in CO2 forcing, surface albedo feedback, and midlatitude cloud feedback. All changes are well understood and due to physical improvements in the model. At higher atmospheric and ocean resolution (HadGEM3‐GC3.1‐MM), there is a compensation between increased marine stratocumulus cloud feedback and reduced Antarctic sea‐ice feedback. In UKESM1, a CO2 fertilization effect induces a land surface vegetation change and albedo radiative effect. Historical aerosol forcing in HadGEM3‐GC3.1‐LL is −1.1 W m−2. In HadGEM3‐GC3.1‐LL historical simulations, cloud feedback is found to be less positive than in abrupt‐4xCO2, in agreement with atmosphere‐only experiments forced with observed historical sea surface temperature and sea‐ice variations. However, variability in the coupled model's historical sea‐ice trends hampers accurate diagnosis of the model's total historical feedback.
Wolbachia supplement biotin and riboflavin to enhance reproduction in planthoppers
Authors: Ju Jia-Fei , Bing Xiao-Li , Zhao Dian-Shu , Guo Yan , Xi Zhiyong , Hoffmann Ary A , Zhang Kai-Jun , Huang Hai-Jian , Gong Jun-Tao , Zhang Xu , Hong Xiao-Yue 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Symbiont-mediated nutritional mutualisms can contribute to the host fitness of insects, especially for those that feed exclusively on nutritionally unbalanced diets. Here, we elucidate the importance of B group vitamins in the association of endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia with two plant-sap feeding insects, the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), and the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Infected planthoppers of both species laid more eggs than uninfected planthoppers, while the experimental transfer of Wolbachia into uninfected lines of one planthopper species rescued this fecundity deficit. The genomic analysis showed that Wolbachia strains from the two planthopper species encoded complete biosynthesis operons for biotin and riboflavin, while a metabolic analysis revealed that Wolbachia-infected planthoppers of both species had higher titers of biotin and riboflavin. Furthermore, experimental supplementation of food with a mixture of biotin and riboflavin recovered the fecundity deficit of Wolbachia-uninfected planthoppers. In addition, comparative genomic analysis suggested that the riboflavin synthesis genes are conserved among Wolbachia supergroups. Biotin operons are rare in Wolbachia, and those described share a recent ancestor that may have been horizontally transferred from Cardinium bacteria. Our research demonstrates a type of mutualism that involves a facultative interaction between Wolbachia and plant-sap feeding insects involving vitamin Bs.
Relationship between the immune microenvironment of different locations in a primary tumour and clinical outcomes of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hatogai Ken , Fujii Satoshi , Kitano Shigehisa , Kojima Takashi , Daiko Hiroyuki , Yoshino Takayuki , Ohtsu Atsushi , Takiguchi Yuichi , Doi Toshihiko , Ochiai Atsushi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Tumour microenvironments can differ according to intratumoural locations. We investigated the immune status at different locations in primary tumours and its clinical significance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods
The number of CD8+ tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and PD-1+ TIICs, and PD-L1 expression on tumour cells (PD-L1TC) were immunohistochemically examined in the surface (Surf), centre (Cent) and invasive front (Inv) of tumours surgically resected from 192 patients with ESCC.

Results
The PD-L1+ rate was lower in Inv than in Cent (12.0% vs. 18.2%, P = 0.012), although the numbers of CD8+ TIICs and PD-1+ TIICs were comparable among intratumoural locations. High numbers of CD8+ and PD-1+ TIICs and positive PD-L1TC were related to better overall survival (OS) only in Surf and Cent (CD8: P = 0.012 in Surf, 0.018 in Cent, and 0.165 in Inv; PD-1: P = 0.028 in Surf, 0.021 in Cent, and 0.208 in Inv; and PD-L1: 0.044 in Surf, 0.026 in Cent, and 0.718 in Inv). Positive PD-L1TC in Surf and/or Cent but not in Inv demonstrated a strong tendency toward better OS (P = 0.053).

Conclusions
Immune microenvironments according to the intratumoural location have different effects on the survival of patients with ESCC.
Coupling microwave photons to a mechanical resonator using quantum interference
Authors: Rodrigues I. C. , Bothner D. , Steele G. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe field of optomechanics has emerged as leading platform for achieving quantum control of macroscopic mechanical objects. Implementations of microwave optomechanics to date have coupled microwave photons to mechanical resonators using a moving capacitance. While simple and effective, the capacitive scheme suffers from limitations on the maximum achievable coupling strength. Here, we experimentally implement a fundamentally different approach: flux-mediated optomechanical coupling. In this scheme, mechanical displacements modulate the flux in a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) that forms the inductor of a microwave resonant circuit. We demonstrate that this flux-mediated coupling can be tuned in situ by the magnetic flux in the SQUID, enabling nanosecond flux tuning of the optomechanical coupling. Furthermore, we observe linear scaling of the single-photon coupling rate with the in-plane magnetic transduction field, a trend with the potential to overcome the limits of capacitive optomechanics, opening the door for a new generation of groundbreaking optomechanical experiments.
A de novo genome assembly of the dwarfing pear rootstock Zhongai 1
Authors: Ou Chunqing , Wang Fei , Wang Jiahong , Li Song , Zhang Yanjie , Fang Ming , Ma Li , Zhao Yanan , Jiang Shuling 
Published: November 2019

Abstract‘Zhongai 1’ [(Pyrus ussuriensis × communis) × spp.] is an excellent pear dwarfing rootstock common in China. It is dwarf itself and has high dwarfing efficiency on most of mainPyruscultivated species when used as inter-stock. Here we describe the draft genome sequences of ‘Zhongai 1’ which was assembled using PacBio long reads, Illumina short reads and Hi-C technology. We estimated the genome size is approximately 511.33 Mb by K-mer analysis and obtained a final genome of 510.59 Mb with a contig N50 size of 1.28 Mb. Next, 506.31 Mb (99.16%) of contigs were clustered into 17 chromosomes with a scaffold N50 size of 23.45 Mb. We further predicted 309.86 Mb (60.68%) of repetitive sequences and 43,120 protein-coding genes. The assembled genome will be a valuable resource and reference for future pear breeding, genetic improvement, and comparative genomics among related species. Moreover, it will help identify genes involved in dwarfism, early flowering, stress tolerance, and commercially desirable fruit characteristics.
Immunophenotypes associated with bipolar disorder and lithium treatment
Authors: Wu Tai-Na , Lee Chau-Shoun , Wu Bo-Jian , Sun Hsiao-Ju , Chang Chieh-Hsing , Chen Chun-Ying , Chen Chih-Ken , Wu Lawrence Shih-Hsin , Cheng Andrew Tai-Ann 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImmune dysfunction is implicated in the etiology of bipolar disorder. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs17026688 in the gene encoding glutamate decarboxylase–like protein 1 (GADL1) has been found to be associated with lithium response in Han Chinese patients with bipolar I disorder (BDI). However, whether patients with GADL1 polymorphisms have different immunophenotypes is unknown. To address this issue, differences in the immune profiles based on analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were compared among BDI patients and healthy controls who lack or carry the T allele of rs17026688. BDI patients had significantly higher percentages of total T cells, CD4+ T cells, activated B cells, and monocytes than healthy controls, suggesting that immunologic imbalance might be involved in BDI development or progression. Treatment of BDI patients-derived PBMCs with lithium in vitro increased the percentage of CD14+ monocytes and dendritic cells, suggesting that lithium plays an immunomodulatory role in CD14+ monocytes and dendritic cells. Among BDI patients, non-T carriers had a significantly higher percentage of CD11b+/CD33lo/HLA-DR− myeloid-derived suppressor cells than T carriers. Moreover, only T carriers exhibited differential sensitivity to lithium therapeutic use with respect to the percentage of myeloid cells. These findings suggest that rs17026688 polymorphisms in GADL1 are associated with immune dysfunction in BDI patients.
Procédés de fabrication et propriétés physiques des couvertes de poteries romaines : une approche physico-chimique multi-échelle
Authors: Sciau Philippe , Groenen Jesse 
Published: November 2019

Le succès exceptionnel de la sigillée, vaisselle de table en terre cuite de la période romaine, est en grande partie dû à la brillance et à la couleur rouge uniforme de sa couverte qui ont nécessité le développement de procédés techniques très performants.
Dans cet article nous comparons les réalisations italiennes aux productions gauloises qui leur ont succédé, sous le regard de la science des matériaux. Nous montrons que l’étude des couvertes, en plus de permettre d’en comprendre la fabrication, a mis en évidence une évolution majeure de leurs propriétés physiques que l’on peut relier à une évolution de leur utilisation.
Motivation von Praxisanleitenden
Authors: Cantiani Cornelia 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungNicht nur der Fachkräftemangel und die Rahmenbedingungen in der Pflege scheinen Auswirkungen auf die praktische Ausbildung und die Motivation von Praxisanleitenden zu haben. Welche Faktoren die Motivation zusätzlich beeinflussen und wie es gelingen kann, dass Praxisanleitende sich dauerhaft engagieren und die Ausbildung attraktiv gestalten, erforschte unsere Autorin.
Multiple stents are not superior to single stent insertion for pain relief in patients with chronic pancreatitis: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Papalavrentios Lavrentios , Musala Carmen , Gkolfakis Paraskevas , Devière Jacques , Delhaye Myriam , Arvanitakis Marianna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Patients with painful chronic pancreatitis (CP) and distal main pancreatic duct (MPD) stricture are considered candidates for treatment using a single plastic stent insertion. Multiple side-by-side stents have been proposed as an alternative treatment but comparative studies are lacking. The aim of this retrospective study is to assess differences in characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients with CP and MPD strictures treated with a different number of stents during the stenting period.
Patients and methods Patients with painful CP and distal MPD obstruction requiring endoscopic treatment (01.2004 – 12.2012) were considered. The study population was divided in three groups: Patients treated with (A) exclusively one stent; (B) one or two stents; and (C) exclusively two stents during the stenting period. Patient characteristics and treatment outcomes were retrospectively assessed.
Results Among 284 patients, 85 were selected according to inclusion criteria (Group A: 18, Group B: 35, Group C: 32). Median follow-up duration was 84 months. The median number of endoscopic procedures needed was higher for group B [3 (A) vs. 3 (C) vs. 4 (B), P = 0.001]. Regarding outcome, successful endoscopic treatment was lower in Group C (50 % vs. 88.2 % and 74.2 % for groups A and B, respectively; P = 0.02). This difference was attributed to better clinical outcome in Group A compared to Group C patients [OR(95%CI): 7.50 (1.46 – 38.70); P = 0.04]. Moreover, group C patients experienced higher levels of pain at the end of follow-up period [median Izbicki Score 0 (group A) vs. 0 (group B) vs. 6 (group C), P = 0.03].
Conclusions In patients with painful CP and distal MPD obstruction, treatment with a single stent is associated with better clinical outcome compared to treatment with exclusively two stents during the stenting period.
The linguistic marking of coherence relations
Authors: Hoek Jet , Zufferey Sandrine , Evers-Vermeul Jacqueline , Sanders Ted J. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConnectives and cue phrases are the most prototypical linguistic elements that signal coherence relations, but by limiting our attention to connectives, we are likely missing out on important other cues readers and listeners use when establishing coherence relations. However, defining the role of other types of linguistic elements in the signaling of coherence relations is not straightforward, and it is also not obvious why and how non-connective elements function as signals for coherence relations. In this paper, we aim to develop a systematic way of categorizing segment-internal elements as signals of coherence relations on the basis of a literature review and evidence from parallel corpora. We propose a three-way distinction betweendivision of labor, agreement, andgeneral collocationto categorize the different ways in which elements inside discourse segments interact with connectives in the marking of coherence relations. In each type of interaction, segment-internal elements can function as signals for coherence relations, but the mechanism behind it is slightly different for each type.
The difference in risk of chronic pulmonary disease morbidity and mortality between former elite athletes and ordinary men in Finland
Authors: Kontro Titta K. , Sarna Seppo , Kaprio Jaakko , Kujala Urho M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe impact of a history of competitive sports on later smoking behaviour and occurrence of chronic pulmonary diseases is poorly known. We investigated how a history of elite level sports predicted later pulmonary disease morbidity and mortality. Chronic pulmonary disease incidence was assessed from national hospital and cause‐of‐death registers from 1970 to 2015 among Finnish male former elite athletes (n = 2078) and matched controls (n = 1453) alive in 1970 (mean age 45.0 years). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated by Cox proportional hazards model. In 1985, cohort members reported on their smoking habits, engagement in physical activity/sports and physician‐diagnosed chronic diseases. The risk of any chronic pulmonary disease or death was lower among former athletes than controls (age‐adjusted HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.46–0.83). The risk was significantly lower among endurance (HR 0.54), mixed (HR 0.61), and power sports athletes (HR 0.66) compared to controls. The age‐ and smoking pack‐year‐adjusted HRs of incident diseases from the time of the 1985 questionnaire until the end of follow‐up in former athletes was 0.58 (95% CI 0.37–0.93) compared to controls. In 1985 athletes smoked less and their cumulative smoking quantity was lower than that of controls. Former athletes were more physically active and self‐reported less physician‐diagnosed emphysema. The risk of any chronic pulmonary disease was lower among former athletes than controls even after considering smoking status and cumulative smoking quantity. Ability to compete at the highest level of sports in young adulthood associated with a reduced risk of pulmonary disease in later life.
The effect of resonant magnetic perturbation on the electron density threshold of runaway electron generation during disruptions on J-TEXT
Authors: Lin Z F , Tong R H , Chen Z Y , Huang D W , Li C H , Wei Y N , Li D , Zhou S , Hu J , Li W , Huang Y , Yang H Y , Li Y , Jiang Z H , Yan W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The generation of runaway electrons (REs) during disruptions is a key issue for the safe operation of large tokamaks. For better design, a reliable scenario to suppress RE generation and for the investigation of RE generation during disruptions is highly essential. On J-TEXT, RE generation is strongly dependent on the pre-disruption electron density, toroidal magnetic fields (B

T
) and magnetic perturbations. RE generation can be avoided in discharges with a low B

T
or a high electron density. For discharges with a high B

T
, a high electron density threshold is required to suppress RE generation. However, this threshold decreases with the application of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP) which is applied before the thermal quench. The enhancement of magnetic perturbation increases the RE loss during disruptions, leading to robust runaway suppression in the discharges with a relatively low electron density. The electron density threshold required for RE suppression reduces with the increase of RMP strength and the m/n = 2/1 mode RMP is more efficient than the m/n = 3/1 mode RMP for the reduction of density threshold, where m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively. The NIMROD simulation is applied to investigate the transport of REs during disruptions, which indicates that the 2/1 mode RMP can create stronger magnetic perturbations during a disruption, resulting in a high loss ratio of RE seeds. All results provide evidence of the significant effect of RMP mode and amplitude on the electron density threshold for RE generation, which might give an insight into future large reactor tokamak operation with high electron densities.
Molecular interferometers: effects of Pauli principle on entangled-enhanced precision measurements
Authors: Bouvrie P Alexander , Majtey Ana P , Figueiredo Francisco , Roditi Itzhak 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Feshbach molecules forming a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) behave as non-ideal bosonic particles due to their underlying fermionic structure. We study the observable consequences of the fermion exchange interactions in the interference of molecular BECs for entangled-enhanced precision measurements. Our many-body treatment of the molecular condensate is based on an ansatz of composite two-fermion bosons which accounts for all possible fermion exchange correlations present in the system. The Pauli principle acts prohibitively on the particle fluctuations during the interference process leading to a loss of precision in phase estimations. However, we find that, in the regime where molecular dissociations do not jeopardize the interference dynamics, measurements of the phase can still be performed with a precision beyond the classical limit comparable to atomic interferometers. We also show that the effects of Pauli principle increases with the noise of the particle detectors such that molecular interferometers would require more efficient detectors.
Modeling of a profile of a PbTe semiconductor nanofilm
Authors: Bukharov D.N. , Kucherik A.O. , Arakelyan S.M. , Lotin A. A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The results of experiments on the production of plumbum telluride semiconductor films are given. The models of ballistic and random deposition describing the profile of the films obtained are proposed. The performed simulation qualitatively correctly reflects the relief of the obtained films.
Graph-analytical model of the electrical conductivity of a semiconductor island plumbum telluride nanofilm
Authors: Bukharov D.N. , Osipov A.V. , Arakelyan S.M. , Kucherik A.O. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article presents the results of experimental studies on obtaining and measuring the electronically conductive properties of island semiconductor plumbum telluride nanofilms, as well as modeling their conductive properties within the hopping conductivity model and the classical model taking into account the structure within the DLA model using graph theory methods.
Mechanical synthesis of agglomerated aluminum-based hybrid powders containing nano- and microsized filler
Authors: Aborkin A V , Sobol’kov A V , Khorkov K S , Skryabin I O , Bokaryov D V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper reports on the obtained an agglomerated hybrid powder for gas-dynamic spraying based on an aluminum alloy with dispersion-strengthened by nano- and microsized particles by mechanical synthesis in a planetary mill in two stages. Based on the results of scanning electron microscopy, a model for the formation of hybrid powder particles is proposed. The influence of the micro-dimensional filler concentration on the powder particle size distribution is considered. The structural-phase composition of the powder is characterized by X-ray phase analysis.
CLIMEX and MED-FOES Models for Predicting the Variability in Growth Potential and Persistence of Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations
Authors: Szyniszewska Anna M , Leppla Norman C , Manoukis Nicholas C , Collier Travis C , Hastings John M , Kriticos Darren J , Bigsby Kevin M 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCLIMEX and MED-FOES models integrate climate and data on Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), biology and use it to define the environmental suitability for the pest at specific geographical locations. CLIMEX calculates growth indices as indicators of conditions that are suitable for medfly population growth. MED-FOES incorporates additional information on pest management interventions to simulate the process and timing of medfly eradication. CLIMEX simulations of climatic suitability in California and Florida indicated that the most favorable periods for medfly population growth are March through May and October through November, whereas the environment would be especially stressful during the summer months, except when irrigation is applied. With irrigation, California is highly suitable for medfly population growth during the summer months. Due to cool temperatures, medfly populations are likely to decline significantly in January through February in Los Angeles, Tampa, and Miami, and probably not survive in San Francisco. According to MED-FOES simulations, it possibly would take longer to eradicate medfly from California than Florida, particularly if the incursions are initiated in the summer months. Medfly annual growth indices for the ENSO La Niña years are relatively low for San Francisco and Los Angeles but above neutral for Tampa and very high for Miami. During the El Niño phase, the growth index remains unchanged for San Francisco, increases for Los Angeles, and decreases for Tampa and Miami. CLIMEX and MED-FOES models are useful for informing plans to manage invasion threats from medfly and other invasive insects.