bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Altman Z-Score Dalam Memprediksi Kebangkrutan Pada PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk
Authors: Simatupang Eva Malina 
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the risk of bankruptcy of goverment PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk by Altman Z-Score. Population of this study is PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk financial statements and sample of this study is PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk financial a statements 2014– 2018. Data type used is secondary data and data collection technique is documentation from financial statements published on www.bankmandiri.co.id. Data processing technique used Altman Z-Score methode Modification version. Based on the result data processing, obtained results Z-Score at 2014 is 2,04; 2015 is 2,13; 2016 is 1,98; 2017 is 2,10 and 2018 is 2,22. Based on the data analyze it can be concluded PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk is categorized suffed the threat of Grey Area because the standart score value below 1,81 < Z < 2,99 and PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk had the highest risk of bankcruptcy in 2016 with Z-Score in 1,98.
GP coding behaviour for non-specific clinical presentations: a pilot study
Authors: Tulloch John SP , Beadsworth Mike BJ , Vivancos Roberto , Radford Alan D , Warner Jenny C , Christley Rob M 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundClinical coding is an integral part of primary care. Disease incidence studies based on primary care electronic health records (EHRs) rely on the accuracy of these codes. Current code validation methods are not appropriate for non-specific conditions and provide limited information about GPs' decision-making behaviour around coding. Qualitative methods could offer insight into decision-making behaviour around coding of patients with non-specific conditions.AimTo investigate the decision-making behaviour of GPs when applying Read codes to non-specific clinical presentations, using Lyme disease as a case example.Design & settingA pilot study was undertaken, involving masked semi-structured interviews of eight GPs in the North West of England.MethodSemi-structured interviews were carried out based on 11 clinical cases representative of Lyme disease presentations. Discrete answers were described descriptively. Interview transcripts were analysed using a thematic approach.ResultsThemes underpinning GPs’ coding behaviour included: GP personal and professional experience; clinical evidence; diagnostic uncertainty; professional integrity and defensive practice; and patient-sourced health information and beliefs. GPs placed Lyme disease on their differential diagnosis list for five cases; in only two cases would GPs select a Lyme disease related Read code.ConclusionGPs were reluctant to code with specific diagnostic Read codes when they were presented with patients with vague or unfamiliar symptomology. This masked questionnaire methodology offers a new approach to validate incidence figures, based on Read codes of non-specific conditions. The reluctance to code poses many problems for primary care EHRs research. Further research is needed to understand what drives GPs’ coding behaviour.
ANALISIS PENERJEMAHAN KALIMAT ELIPSIS VERBAL DALAM KOMIK NARUTO KARYA MASASHI KISHIMOTO KE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Cahyani Yesy Tri , Astria Amalina Iariva Putri 
Published: July 2020

Incomplete sentence (ellipsis verbal) are often to be the problem in translating from Japanese into Indonesian. The purpose of this research is to explain the techniques to translate incomplete sentence to achive equivalence found in Japanese comics Naruto volumes 29, 30, and 31, and analyze the translation of incomplete sentence contained in Naruto comic from Japanese to Indonesian. The method of this research is descriptive and qualitative methods. Data source are the Japanese comic title Naruto by Masashi Kishimoto as the source text, and the translation comic in Indonesia as the target text. Thirteen incomplete sentence data on source text were analyze using appropriate translation techniques to achieve equvalence in target text. The result showed that incomplete sentence had board meanings. In addition, incomplete sentence cannot be translate literally, without looking at the context. Context is an important reference so the messagges from source text can be conveyed.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION OF IMAGERY IN “A WALK TO REMEMBER”, A NOVEL BY NICHOLAS SPARKS AND ITS TRANSLATED VERSION “KAN KUKENANG SELALU”
Authors: Putranti Sulistini Dwi , Bonita Mega Puspa , Wahyuningsih Neneng Sri 
Published: July 2020

Abtract
This study investigates the translation of imagery in A Walk to Remember novel by Nicholas Sparks. This research aims to reveal the types of imagery and the translation techniques applied by the translator in translating imagery. This study uses qualitative method which focuses on describing and explaining the types of imagery found and the techniques applied to deal with imagery. This study uses the theories of imagery proposed by Perrine and Arp (1992), and translation techniques proposed by Molina and Albir (2002). The types of imagery mostly found are visual and organic imagery. The translation techniques used by the translator are adaptation, amplification, borrowing, established equivalent, literal translation, modulation, reduction and transposition. The result of the analysis shows that the techniques mostly used are established equivalent and literal translation. These two techniques are able to reproduce the message from SL to TL without any distortion in meaning.
Keyword: visual imagery, organic imagery, translation techniques, established equivalent, literal translation.
Abstrak
Artikel ini menganalisis penerjemahan imajeri dalam novel A Walk to Remember karangan Nicholas Sparks. Tujuan penelitiannya adalah untuk mengungkapkan tipe-tipe imajeri dan teknik penerjemahan yang diterapkan oleh penerjemah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif agar dapat memerikan dengan baik tipe-tipe imajeri dan teknik penerjemahan yang diterapkan. Kajian ini memakai teori imajeri yang dipaparkan oleh Perrine dan Arp (1992), dan teori teknik penerjemahan yang disampaikan oleh Molina dan Albir (2002). Tipe-tipe imajeri yang banyak muncul dalam novel ini adalah visual dan organik imajeri. Teknik penerjemahan yang diterapkan oleh penerjemah adalah adaptasi, amplifikasi, peminjaman, padanan lazim, literal, modulasi, reduksi, dan transposisi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa teknik yang paling sering diterapkan adalah padanan lazim dan literal. Kedua teknik ini dapat mereproduksi pesan dari Bsu ke Bsa tanpa mendistorsi maknanya.
Kata Kunci: imajeri visual, imajeri organik, teknik penerjemahan, padanan lazim, penerjemahan literal
Improvement of Scientific Writing Ability Through Dyadic Essay Techniques
Authors: Yunus Syarifudin , Eliastuti Maguna 
Published: July 2020

Students' scientific writing skills tend to be inadequate. Students find it difficult to express ideas and ideas in a scientific context. Observations made on Indonesian Language Education Students Semester VII of Indraprasta University PGRI showed symptoms of a lack of student scientific writing activity.
Structured Dyadic Methods cooperative learning model basically can be applied by lecturers in scientific writing lectures. Structured Dyadic Methods (SDM) is a paired system, which emphasizes collaboration that enhances students' scientific writing skills. So the Dyadic Essay technique should be suspected to be able to improve students' scientific writing skills.
After going through a series of research processes, the dyadic essay technique as one of the cooperative learning models that only involves two members in one group (in pairs) and using structured techniques is proven to be able to improve scientific writing skills based on facts and data so that it is more easily poured into works scientifically coherent and systematic. There is sufficient influence between the dyadic essay technique on the scientific writing ability of Semester VII students in the Indonesian Language Study Program, with a r coefficient of 0.655. Through dyadic essay techniques, students with high levels of creativity have better writing skills so that there is interaction between and creativity in learning to write science.
Back to Basics Part 1: Are We Over Treating Ocular Hypertension and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients?
Authors: S. A. Raja, S. Aqil Rashid Zia 
Published: July 2020

Population explosion, availability of life saving drugs and perusal of healthier life styles is leading to rising life expectancy worldwide. This indirectly translates to increasing prevalence of open angle glaucoma1 worldwide and Pakistan is no exception to these myriad factors of population increase and related healthcare issues.
Studies have in general shown increased glaucoma severity corelating with direct and indirect costs associated with the progression of disease2. Hence there is a wide spread tendency to treat suspicious optic nerve heads, mild to moderate high intraocular pressures or even documented but non progressive glaucoma damage without comprehensive structural, visual function, local and systemic risk assessment. This has in turn led to plethora of adverse clinical, socioeconomic and financial concerns triggering chain of adversities at individual and as well as national level.
Epidemiology of Ocular Trauma in a Tertiary Hospital Setting
Authors: Hamza Iqbal Usama Iqbal, Irfan Qayyum Malik, 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To determine the Epidemiology of Ocular Trauma in a Tertiary Hospital Setting.
Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology Department, DHQ Teaching Hospital Gujranwala from December 2016- December 2017.
Material and Methods: All patients included in the study had the following data recorded at presentation and follow up; date, age, gender, location and nature of injury, residence place, cause of injury, duration of hospitalization, anatomical site, adjuvant treatment, initial and final best-corrected (Snellen) visual acuity. Data was classified into five groups on the basis of place of eye injury.
Results: The total numbers of patients was 95. Mean age of patients was 31.9 ± 18.1 years. Out of these patients, 80 (84.2%) were males and 15 (15.8%) were females. There were 23 (24.2%) patients in 1-18 years age group, 40 (42.1%) patients in 18-35 years age group and 32 (33.7%) in >35 years age group. The tissues involved during trauma included 22 (33.8%) lid tears, 30 (46.2%) corneal tears, 2 (3.1%) scleral tears and 8 (12.3%) corneo-scleral tears. The most common location of ocular trauma was workplace (31.5%), household injuries (27.4%), sports injuries (7.3%), animal related injuries (8.4% and miscellaneous (25.2%). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 28 (29.5%) cases, deteriorated in 8 (8.4% cases and remained same in 59 (62.1%) cases.
Conclusion: Young patients (18-35 years) are at more risk of ocular trauma especially at work, and this translates into a higher economic burden for the country at large.
Keywords: Ocular Trauma, Road injuries, Domestic injuries.
Efficacy of Microwave Pulse Diode Laser and Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Shams Asma , Das Narain , Rashid Noman , Bhatti M. Nasir , Khan Beenish , Kumar Jai 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of the microwave pulse diode laser and argon laser trabeculoplasty in primary open angle glaucoma.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari and Sindh Government Lyari General Hospital, Karachi, from October, 2017 to March, 2018.
Material and Methods: One hundred and sixty patients, between 42 to 61 years with visual acuity of perception of light to 6/36 were enrolled. Patients diagnosed with POAG were included and patients with intraocular pressure of more than 40 mm Hg, previous glaucoma surgery or laser treatment and narrow angle on gonioscopy were excluded. Ophthalmic examination included visual acuity, slit lamp examination, fundus examination and visual field status using Humphrey perimeter. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A received microwave pulse diode laser (810) and Group B received argon laser trabeculoplasty. Average follow up period was 6 months. Success was assessed objectively by measuring intra ocular pressure and subjectively by visual acuity.
Results: The average time-period for each procedure was 15 ± 5 minutes. In Group A, mean IOP at first week, first month, third month and sixth month was 20.79, 16.34, 16.21and 16.09 mm Hg respectively. While in Group B, IOP at first week, first, third and sixth month was 16.52, 15.76, 13.62, and 12.54 mm Hg at (P < 0.001 in both groups).
Conclusion: Both microwave pulse diode laser and argon laser trabeculoplasty are effective in lowering intra ocular pressures in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.
Tadpole Pupil: A Very Rare Entity.
Authors: Zaka Royala , Moeez Uddin Muhammad , Sabri Mirza Zakiuddin , Aziz Zunair 
Published: July 2020

Tadpole Pupil is a very rare clinical entity. Only few cases have been reported to date in the literature. This is thefirst case reported in Pakistan to the best of our knowledge. A 19-year old female came with the complaint ofrepeated episodes of 2 to 3 times per week of irregular shaped pupil with blurry vision that subsided itself in few minutes within an hour. At presentation, her examination showed normal VA of 6/6 in both eyes with normal pupillary reactions in light and dark. Color vision, contrast, visual fields by confrontation, extraocular movements were all normal. Ophthalmic and neurologic examination was also unremarkable. Her condition was not associated with Horner syndrome, Adies or Migraine which were excluded after examination. She was counseled about the benign nature of her condition and advised for regular follow up or report in case of new appearance of symptoms.
Visual Outcome in Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Acute Postoperative Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery
Authors: Soomro Abdul Rafio , Soomro Fayaz Ahmed , Hussain Munawar , Soomro Abdul Qadeem , Qidwai Nazia , Tariq Anas Bin 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To determine the visual outcomes in patients undergoing pars plana-vitrectomy (PPV) for acute postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.Study Design: Quasi experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: Al- Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Malir, Karachi for a period of 2 years.Material and Methods: Thirty-three patients were selected using non-probability convenient sampling technique.Patients with acute postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery diagnosed clinically and on B-scan, withvisual acuity of only perception of light were included while patients with better visual acuity and any other typesof endophthalmitis were excluded. PPV was performed in all cases and the patients were examined postoperativelyon 1st day, 3rd day, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after surgery. During these follow ups, visual acuity wasrecorded, detailed slit lamp and fundus examination was performed. Using SPSS version 20.0, chi-square testwas applied to test for significance keeping p-value of < 0.05 as significant.Results: Out of 33 patients 19 (57.6%) were males and 14 (42.4%) were females. Mean age of the patients was54.50 ± 14.14 years. On 1st post-operative day 8 patients (24.2%) showed improvement of visual acuity fromperception of light to finger counting while 02 (6.1%) patients reported visual acuity of 6/60. On final visit at 3rdweek postoperatively, 19 patients (57.6%) had visual acuity of finger counting, 08 patients (24.2%) had handmovement and 06 (18.2%) patients reported a visual acuity of 6/60.Conclusion: PPV for acute post-cataract endophthalmitis results in favourable outcomes in terms of visual acuity.
Mapping the Galactic Disk with the LAMOST and Gaia Red Clump Sample. VI. Evidence for the Long-lived Nonsteady Warp of Nongravitational Scenarios
Authors: Wang H.-F. , López-Corredoira M. , Huang Y. , Chang J. , Zhang H.-W. , Carlin J. L. , Chen X.-D. , Chrobáková Ž. , Chen B.-Q. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
By combining LAMOST DR4 and Gaia DR2 common red clump stars with age and proper motion, we analyze the amplitude evolution of the stellar warp independently of any assumption with a simple model. The greatest height of the warp disk increases with galactocentric distance in different populations and is dependent on age: the younger stellar populations exhibit stronger warp features than the old ones, accompanied by the warp amplitude γ (age) decreasing with age, and its first derivative

is different from zero. The azimuth of the line of nodes ϕ

w
is stable at −5° without clear time evolution, which perfectly confirms some previous works. All of this self-consistent evidence supports that our Galactic warp should most likely be a long-lived but nonsteady structure and not a transient one, which is supporting that the warp originated from gas infall onto the disk or other hypotheses that suppose that the warp mainly affects the gas, and consequently, younger populations tracing the gas are stronger than older ones. In other words, the Galactic warp is induced by the nongravitational interaction over the disk models.
Fast Particle Acceleration at Perpendicular Shocks with Uniform Upstream Magnetic Field and Strong Downstream Turbulence
Authors: Kamijima Shoma F. , Ohira Yutaka , Yamazaki Ryo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Shock waves produce relativistic particles via the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) mechanism. Among various circumstances, fast acceleration has been expected for perpendicular shocks. We investigate the acceleration time and the energy spectrum of particles accelerated at a perpendicular shock. In our model, the upstream perpendicular magnetic field has no fluctuation, and the downstream region is highly turbulent. Then, the particle motion is the gyration in the upstream region and Bohm-like diffusion downstream. Under this situation, we derive an analytical form of the acceleration time. Using test particle simulations, the validity of our formula is verified. In addition, the energy spectrum of particles is the same as those predicted by standard DSA. Therefore, the presently proposed mechanism simultaneously realizes the rapid acceleration and the canonical spectrum, dN/dp ∝ p
−2, even if there is no upstream magnetic amplification.
Heating at the Remote Footpoints as a Brake on Jet Flows along Loops in the Solar Atmosphere
Authors: Huang Zhenghua , Zhang Qingmin , Xia Lidong , Li Bo , Wu Zhao , Fu Hui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report on observations of a solar jet propagating along coronal loops taken by the Solar Dynamics Observatory, the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, and the 1 m New Vacuum Solar Telescope. The ejecta of the jet consist of multithermal components and propagate with a speed greater than 100 km s−1. Brightenings are found in the remote footpoints of the coronal loops having compact and round shape in the Hα images. The emission peak of the remote brightening in the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 94 Å passband lags 60 s behind that in the jet base. The brightenings in the remote footpoints are believed to be consequences of heating by nonthermal electrons, MHD waves, and/or a conduction front generated by the magnetic reconnection processes of the jet. The heating in the remote footpoints leads to extension of the brightening along the loops toward the jet base, which is believed to be the chromospheric evaporation. This apparently acts as a brake on the ejecta, leading to a deceleration in the range from 1.5 to 3 km s−2 with an error of ∼1.0 km s−2 when the chromospheric evaporation and the ejecta meet at locations near the loop apexes. The dynamics of this jet allows for a unique opportunity to diagnose the chromospheric evaporation from the remote footpoints, from which we deduce a velocity in the range of 330–880 km s−1.
Chemical Variation among Protostellar Cores: Dependence on Prestellar Core Conditions
Authors: Aikawa Yuri , Furuya Kenji , Yamamoto Satoshi , Sakai Nami 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hot corino chemistry and warm carbon chain chemistry (WCCC) are driven by gas–grain interactions in star-forming cores: radical–radical recombination reactions to form complex organic molecules (COMs) in the ice mantle, sublimation of CH4 and COMs, and their subsequent gas-phase reactions. These chemical features are expected to depend on the composition of the ice mantle, which is set in the prestellar phase. We calculated the gas–grain chemical reaction network considering a layered ice mantle structure in star-forming cores to investigate how the hot corino chemistry and WCCC depend on the physical condition of the static phase before the onset of gravitational collapse. We found that WCCC becomes more active if the temperature is lower, or the visual extinction is lower in the static phase, or the static phase is longer. The dependence of hot corino chemistry on the static-phase condition is more complex. While CH3OH is less abundant in the models with a warmer static phase, some COMs are formed efficiently in those warm models because there are various formation paths of COMs. If the visual extinction is lower, photolysis makes COMs less abundant in the static phase. Once the collapse starts and visual extinction increases, however, COMs can be formed efficiently. The duration of the static phase does not largely affect COM abundances. The chemical diversity between prototypical hot corinos and hybrid sources, in which both COMs and carbon chains are reasonably abundant, can be explained by the variation of prestellar conditions. Deficiency of gaseous COMs in prototypical WCCC sources is, however, hard to reproduce within our models.
Suprathermal Proton Spectra at Interplanetary Shocks in 3D Hybrid Simulations
Authors: Young Matthew A. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Kucharek Harald , Lugaz Noé 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Interplanetary shocks are one of the proposed sources of suprathermal ion populations (i.e., ions with energies of a few times the solar-wind energy). Here we present results from a series of 3D hybrid simulations of collisionless shocks in the solar wind. We focus on the influence of the shock-normal angle, θ

Bn
, and the shock speed, V

s
, on producing protons with energies a few to hundreds of times the thermal energy of the upstream plasma. The combined effects of θ

Bn
and V

s
result in shocks with Alfvén Mach numbers in the range 3.0–6.0 and fast magnetosonic Mach numbers in the range 2.5–5.0, representing moderate to strong interplanetary shocks. We find that θ

Bn
largely organizes the shape of proton energy spectra, while shock speed controls acceleration efficiency. All shocks accelerate protons at the shock front, but the spectral evolution depends on θ

Bn
. Shocks with θ

Bn
≥ 60° produce isolated bursts of suprathermal protons at the shock front, while shocks with θ

Bn
≤ 45° create suprathermal beams upstream of the shock. Downstream proton energy spectra have exponential or smoothed broken power-law forms when θ

Bn
≥ 45° and a single power-law form when θ

Bn
≤ 30°. Protons downstream of the strongest shocks have energies at least 100 times the upstream thermal energy, with θ

Bn
≤ 30° shocks producing the highest-energy protons and θ

Bn
≥ 60° shocks producing the largest number of protons with energies at least a few times the thermal energy.