bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some principles of the formation and development of ethical terms in the English language in the XVI-XVIII centuries
Authors: Madina Askarovna Shukurova , Nozima Djurabayevna Djumayeva 
Published: February 2020

Some principles of the formation and development of terms of ethics in the English language in the XVI-XVIII centuries and different view points of specialists on this field are the main issues considered in this article. It also analyzes the linguistic nature of the social and ethical vocabulary of the English language of the XVI-XVIII centuries, as well as the specific features of the language of ethics and style inherent in the initial stage of the formation of a system of ethical and philosophical concepts in national English. The lexical-semantic way of forming the terminology of the ethical language of the research period is also considered in the article.
The security services and features of Amir Temur's state
Authors: Kilichev Abror 
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to philosophical understanding of the special service of the state of Amir Temur. Which introduce new forms of the state of Amir Temur and his special service. As you know, the special service of Amir Temur played a global role ustroystvo all powerful empire. It is shown that the philosophy of the special service of Amir Temur is not only very relevant at the time, but this time is also relevant.
Based on the study, the author proposes to highlight the political and philosophical method of interpretation, gives its definition, formulates the main characteristics of the polytech analysis that make up the legal method.
The use of ict in teaching English grammar in secondary schools
Authors: Erkulova Feruza , Samandarov Umidjon , Samandarova Guzalkhon 
Published: February 2020

Nowadays, in every aspect of our life information, communication and technology (ICT) are playing a vital role. Even in the field of education the technological developments have shown great impact on the learners to become innovative and a source for motivating tool towards learning. ICT is often used to talk about computers and other technology use in schools. There are many ways to involve ICT in language teaching. In this article, we discuss the role of ICT and ways of using of ICT in teaching English Grammar in secondary schools.
Inheritance of a Novel Heterozygous Peanut Mutant, 5-Small Leaflet
Authors: Branch W. D. , Tallury S. P. , Clevenger J. P. , Schwartz B. M. , Hanna W. W. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
An unusual 5-Small Leaflet mutant plant was found within the ‘Georgia Green' runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar. Subsequent selfing has not established a true-breeding 5-Small Leaflet genotype. It continues to segregate normal and 5-Small Leaflet plants but with a reduced number of normal leaf plants upon selection for 5-Small Leaflet phenotypes after several self-generations. F1, F2, F3, and F4 data suggests that the 5-Small Leaflet trait is dominant or possibly pseudo-dominant. Likewise, the 5-Small Leaflet mutant can only be used as a pollen parent in crosses, and it has approximately a 1:1 ratio of elongated to normal stigmas, respectively, on individual plants. This is an example of a novel heterozygous peanut mutant plant found within the cultivated allotetraploid peanut.
EDUKASI KEBERSIHAN DIRI DAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN PADA PROGRAM KEMITRAAN MASYARAKAT PEMBENTUKAN POSKESTREN DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL HIKAM BANGKALAN MADURA
Authors: Bintarti Tri Wahyuni 
Published: February 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini, secara garis besar diharapkan dapat meningkatkan wawasan dengan pemberian Edukasi Kebersihan Diri dan Lingkungan Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Hikam, Bangkalan, Madura. Rencana luaran yang ditargetkan adalah peningkatan wawasan pada masyarakat tentang kebersihan diri dan kebersihan lingkungan termasuk kriteria ruangan sehat. Pelaksanaan sosialisasi ini memiliki sasaran masyarakat yaitu santriwan dan santriwati ponpes yang tergabung dalam kader santri husada dengan harapan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang rumah sehat dan peningkatkan kesadaran untuk lebih memeperhatikan tata ruang yang baik menurut kriteria rumah sehat. Kader santri husada terdiri dari jenjang SMP, SMA dan SMK. Intervensi dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode pelaksanaan yaitu dengan penyuluhan. Dengan metode ini maka di harapkan pemahaman, pengetahuan dan kesadaran tentang kebersihan diri dan kebersihan lingkungan dapat meningkat. Setelah selesai pelaksanaan intervensi sosialisasi pengabdian masyarakat, maka langkah akhir adalah melakukan evaluasi. Evaluasi dirancang dengan membandingkan kondisi pengetahuan awal sebelum intervensi dengan peningkatan pengetahuan setelah pelaksanaan intervensi. Pemotretan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang kebersihan diri dan kebersihan lingkungan dengan menggunakan pre test dan post test sederhana setiap individu.
Kata Kunci : Kebersihan Diri, Lingkungan, Poskestren, Al-Hikam, Madura
PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF ARAWA UNTUK GURU SEKOLAH DASAR GUGUS 01 DI KECAMATAN TUBAN
Authors: Wiratsiwi Wendri , Rhosalia Lulu Anggi , Sari Mega Puspita 
Published: February 2020

Pelatihan penggunaan multimedia interaktif ARAWA (Aplikasi Aksara Jawa) dilaksanakan untuk guru-guru SDN se-gugus 01 Kecamatan Tuban Kabupaten Tuban. Pelatihan tersebut dilaksanakan karena di gugus 01 minim penggunaan media pembelajaran membaca aksara Jawa Bersandhangan yang mengakibatkan siswa kelas IV mengalami kesulitan saat diminta membaca aksara Jawa Bersandhangan. Padahal di dalam kurikulum bahasa Jawa untuk siswa kelas IV seharusnya sudah dapat membaca aksara Jawa. Ada enam Sekolah dasar yang tergabung dalam gugus 01 ini, diantaranya SDN Kutorejo I, SDN Sendangharjo IV, SDN Baturetno I, SDN Baturetno II, SDN Sukolilo I, dan SDN Sukolilo II. Tujuan pelatihan ini ialah memperkenalkan dan melatihkan cara pengoperasian multimedia ARAWA sebagai media untuk belajar membaca aksara Jawa bersandhangan serta dikemas dalam pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran inovatif kepada guru SD segugus 01 Kecamatan Tuban. Metode pelaksanaan pelatihan ini dilakukan dengan beberapa langkah kegiatan yaitu (1) Memperkenalkan multimedia interaktif ARAWA sebagai media pembelajaran membaca aksara Jawa kepada guru-guru SDN se-gugus 01 Kecamatan Tuban; (2) Memberikan pelatihan tentang cara mengoperasikan multimedia interaktif ARAWA bagi guru-guru SDN se-gugus 01 Kecamatan Tuban; (3) Mendemonstrasikan cara penggunaan multimedia interaktif ARAWA dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran yang inovatif dalam pembelajaran bahasa Jawa; (4) Mendampingi guru-guru SDN se-gugus 01 Kecamatan Tuban untuk merancang serta menyimulasikan pembelajaran bahasa Jawa untuk kelas IV dengan menggunakan multimedia interaktif ARAWA. Adanya pelatihan ini dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menguasai materi tentang multimedia interaktif Arawa dan penggunaannya yaitu menunjukkan rata-rata nilai sebesar 92,85. Respon guru terhadap multimedia interaktif arawa ini dari lima indikator menunjukkan respon yang positif.
Akses media dan perilaku seksual pranikah beresiko infeksi menular seksual (IMS)pada siswa SMA di Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Maulina Rifzul , Alim Zaenal 
Published: February 2020

Masa remaja merupakan periode terjadinya pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pesat baik fisik, psikologi maupun intelektual. Pola karakteristik pesat tumbuh kembang ini menyebabkan remaja mempunyai sifat khas yang sama yaitu mempunyai rasa keingintahuan yang besar, menyukai petualangan dan tantangan serta cenderung berani menanggung resiko atas perbuatannya tanpa didahului oleh pertimbangan yang matang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi perilaku seksual pranikah beresiko IMS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian penjelasan (explanatory research) dengan desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Sampel dipilih secara random sampling, yaitu siswa sekolah menengah yang meliputi 2 SMA di Kabupaten Malang yang dekat dengan eks-lokalisasi sebanyak 318 responden. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan variabel yang berhubungan dengan perilaku seksual pranikah remaja berisiko IMS pada responden laki-laki adalah umur (p=0,047), sikap orang tua (p=0,014) dan akses media (p=0,03). Sedangkan pada responden perempuan adalah tidak ada variabel yang berhubungan. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku seksual beresiko IMS pada responden laki-laki adalah akses media dengan OR 2,378 yang artinya responden laki-laki dengan tingkat akses media tinggi memiliki peluang 2,3 kali untuk melakukan perilaku seksual beresiko IMS. Saran bagi sekolah agar memberikan informasi yang intensif kepada siswanya tentang kesehatan reproduksi supaya dapat meningkatkan pemahaman remaja
Combat fitness program and its effect on physical condition
Authors: Lema Villalba Klever Geovanny , Sailema Torres Ángel Aníbal , Tobar Lozada Betty Paulina , Hernández del Salto Segundo Víctor 
Published: February 2020

La condición física es considerada un aspecto importante dentro de la apariencia personal, es por eso que el presente estudio propone la realización de un programa de Fitness de Combate para analizar la condición física de los participantes que asisten permanentemente al gimnasio Skainos de la ciudad de Ambato. La población estuvo conformada por 61 participantes todos de sexo masculino, para lo cual se propuso una metodología cuali-cuantitativa, realizada mediante un trabajo programado de ejercicios combinados de defensa personal, boxeo y artes marciales con el acompañamiento de una secuencia musical diseñada para potenciar la capacidad aeróbica de las personas. El programa tuvo una duración de 10 meses; en cuanto al análisis de la condición física se aplicó el test de Cooper en dos momentos, antes y después de la realización del programa, la prueba aplicada tuvo una duración de 12 minutos, la cual verifica la distancia recorrida en el tiempo determinado. Los resultados en la condición física tras la aplicación del programa, evidencia una mejora significativa en la muestra de estudio, con lo cual existe una mejora indiscutibles de la condición física aeróbica, incluyendo la recuperación de indicadores cardiorrespiratorios gracias a la frecuencia, duración e intensidad del ejercicio.
La inmigración latinoamericana y su influencia en la sociedad ecuatoriana de la provincia de Santa Elena
Authors: Toapanta Ulcuango Braulio Javier , Merino Narváez Welinton Cristóbal , Campos Cárdenas Fatina Eugenia , Merino Narvaez Asdrúbal Bayardo 
Published: February 2020

La investigación a realizarse tiene como objetivo analizar las causas y consecuencias que generar la inmigración de los países latinoamericanos en la sociedad ecuatoriana de la provincia de Santa Elena, en especial los inmigrantes de Venezuela, Colombia, Perú, argentina y chile, la inflación económica es la causa principal para que exista una inmigración con índice muy altos, las consecuencias de la inmigración son la falta de empleo, vivienda, educación y alimentación para los ecuatorianos, porque la plazas laborales están siendo cubiertas por los inmigrantes y con sueldos muy reducidos. Entre las ciudades ecuatorianas a donde llegan los inmigrantes con alto porcentaje es Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca, Oro, Santo Domingo y otras
Frequency of metabolic syndrome among newly detected type 2 diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and high serum alanine aminotransferase levels
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubur , Hasan Md Nayeemul , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Chowdhury Tufayel Ahmed , Datta Indrajit Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease world-wide. It has strong association with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in newly detected T2DM patients having NAFLD with high serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 110 newly detected T2DM patients with high serum ALT level were evaluated. To find out the etiology of high serum ALT level, abdominal ultrasonography was done to detect NAFLD cases along with other relevant investigations. All NAFLD cases then underwent further evaluation for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
Results: Out of 110 study subjects, NAFLD was detected in 80 (72.7%) individuals. According to International Diabetic Federation (IDF) criteria, metabolic syndrome was detected in 56 (56/80, 70%) of NAFLD cases. Among the 56 patients with NAFLD, male were 24 (42.9%) and female were 32 (57.1%) and 14 (14/56, 25%) cases had all five components of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was found in all female NAFLD subjects (32, 100%). Mean age of patients with metabolic syndrome was 43.11±10.77 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.87±3.72 kg/m2. Hypertension was found in 37.5% cases. High BMI (e”25 kg/m2) was found in 87.5% cases. Mild, moderate and severe fatty liver were found in 28.6%, 46.4% and 25% cases respectively. Dyslipidemia was found in all (56, 100%) NAFLD subjects with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome had significant correlation with BMI (p 0.00), abdominal obesity (p 0.00) and serum triglyceride level (p 0.04).
Conclusion: Over two-thirds of T2DM patients having NAFLD had metabolic syndrome in this study.
Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 21-25
Histomorphologic spectrum of thyroid lesions in surgically treated thyroid specimens
Authors: Haque Wasim Selimul , Yasmin Shamoli , Islam SK Md Jaynul , Giti Susane 
Published: February 2020

Background: Diseases involving thyroid gland are myriad- they span from functional to goiterous which again can be non-neoplastic or neoplastic. The pattern and prevalence of these disorders depend on various factors like age, sex, ethnicity and geographic location of residence. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of thyroid lesions in surgically resected thyroid specimens.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Department of Histopathology ofArmed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All thyroidectomy specimens received in the Department of Histopathology over the period from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2019 were included in the study. Data including age, sex and histopathological diagnosis were collected from the records and histopathology slides of all cases were reviewed to verify diagnosis. Data were then analyzed by standard statistical methods.
Results: A total of 377 specimens were collected, 301 specimens were from females and 76 from males (female to male ratio 4.01:1). The age ranged from 13 years to 82 years (mean 38.44±12.89 years). Nodular goiter (274, 72.62%) was the commonest thyroid lesion; other benign lesions included follicular adenoma (18) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (17). Overall malignancy was 18.03% (68). Papillary carcinoma (61, 89.70%) constituted majority of the malignant neoplasms. Other malignant neoplasms included follicular carcinoma (3 cases including 1 case of Hurthle cell carcinoma), anaplastic carcinoma (2) and medullary carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1 each.
Conclusion: Our study revealed that the prevalent form of thyroid diseases is nodular goiter that mostly affects females. Papillary carcinoma is the commonest malignancy of thyroid gland which also predominantly affects females.
Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 54-59
Efficacy of Preoperative Intramuscular Testosterone Therapy for Micro-phallic Hypospadias
Authors: Ali Md Ayub , Palit Paritosh Kumar , Hasanuzzaman Md 
Published: February 2020

Background: Surgical corrections of genital defects were formally proposed when the size of the penis is sufficient to permit easy surgical repair. In micro phallic hypospadias, temporary stimulation with testosterone either topical or parenteral to enlarge the penile size has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative intramuscular testosterone therapy in micro phallic hypospadiac patients.
Methodology: This prospective interventional study was carried out in the division of pediatric surgery, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital. A total of 70 boys having micro phallic hypospadias were included in the study from July 2014 to December 2017. All patients received 3 dose of IM testosterone (2mg/kg) at 1 month interval. Alteration of penile length, glans width and the adverse effects of testosterone therapy were recorded. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 22.
Results: The mean length of penis before treatment was 2.61±0.57 cm, and after intramuscular testosterone was 3.93±0.39 cm, which is statistically significant (p<0 .05).The mean glans width before treatment was 1.09±0.18 cm and after treatment was 1.62±0.11 cm (p < 0.05).Few adverse effect were noted.
Conclusion: Significant penile growth was observed with less adverse effects after using intramuscular testosterone. Hormone therapy preceding surgical correction of micro phallic hypospadias improves aesthetic and functional qualities of the penis.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :85-89
Predictors of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia of Neonate in a Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ghosh Uzzal Kumar , Hossain Mohammad Monir , Shirin Mahfuza , Hoque Md Shafiul , Sonia Sheikh Farjana , Islam Tithi 
Published: February 2020

Background: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is defined as nosocomial pneumonia develops 48 hours or more after initiation of mechanical ventilation. Hospital acquired infection (HAI) is the second most common infection for the pediatric population. VAP about 20% of all HAI among patients in NICU & PICU. Higher mortality and morbidity rate for mechanically ventilated pediatric patients with VAP compared to those without VAP. Few data & very few researches exist regarding VAP in pediatric patients to identify risk factors of VAP and that might be helpful for preventing VAP. This study was done to find out the predictors of VAP of neonate in Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.
Methodology: A prospective cohort study was carried out in NICU & PICU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka. Neonates those not had pneumonia; requiring mechanical ventilation at least 48 hours in the NICU or PICU were taken for this study. Then VAP patients were selected by radiographic changes after 48 hours of intubation. Portable chest x-ray was done after 48 hours and as required after initiation of ventilation. Then details history were taken and some relevant investigation were done.
Result: Majority (51.4%) of the neonates belonged to age group 0-10 days. Male female ratio was 2.8:1. More than half (51.4%) were of gestational age 34 to < 37 weeks. Sixty nine point four percent of the neonates had Weight < 2.5 kg. Transferred from other NICU or PICU was found in 34.7% , prolonged mechanical ventilation was found in 40.3%, reintubation were 36.1%, prior antibiotics use were 73.6%, nosocomial infection were 76.4%, oropharyngeal aspiration were 11.1% and those having VAP were 79.2%. Age group 11-20 days (RR=1.41; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.67), gestational age <37 weeks (RR=1.48; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.96), weight <2.5 kg (RR=2.24; 95% CI 1.20 to 4.18%), nosocomial infection (RR= 3.21; 95% CI 1.53 to 6.73%), transferred from other NICU & PICU (RR=1.47; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.79), Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation (RR=1.50; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.23%) and Reintubation (RR=1.48; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.81%) were found independent predictors for developing VAP. P value was found statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Age group 11-20 days, gestational age <37 weeks, weight <2.5 kg, transferred from other NICU & PICU, prolonged mechanical ventilation, reintubation and nosocomial infection were regarded as predictors for VAP and those predictors were significantly associated with VAP.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :90-96
Ketotic Hypoglycemia in Children: A Review
Authors: Mridha Md Al Amin , Matin Abdul 
Published: February 2020

Ketotic hypoglycemia is the most common form of childhood hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemic episodes typically occur during periods of intercurrent illness when food intake is limited. The term ketosis should not be confused with Ketoacidosis. Children with ketotic hypoglycemia have plasma alanine concentrations that are markedly reduced in the basal state after an overnight fast and decline even further with prolonged fasting. The classic history is of a child who has eaten poorly or misses an evening meal, is difficult to rouse from sleep the next morning, and displays neuroglycopenic symptoms that may range from lethargy to seizure. Hypoglycemic episodes are especially likely to occur during an illness, when food intake is limited. Clinical diagnosis is made by identification of ketones in plasma and urine, Whipple’s triad hypoglycemia, and exclusion of endocrine/metabolic disease. It is therefore essential that appropriate investigation is performed at the time of hypoglycemia to exclude other causes This condition usually presents between the ages of 18 months to 5 years and it commonly remits spontaneously by the age of 8 to 9 years.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :113-116
Psychiatric patients at general hospital emergency departments
Authors: Waheed Shafquat , Rabbani Md Golam , Mamun Abdullah Al , Nahar Jhunu Shamsun , Begum Khaleda , Bashar Mohammad Khairul , Rony Abul Fazal Mohammad Riaz 
Published: February 2020

A cross-sectional descriptive type of study on 357 patients was carried out in the emergency departments of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Shahid Sohrawardy Medical College (SSMCH), Dhaka in 2011 to find out the incidence and socio-demographic characteristics of psychiatric morbidities among the patients attended there. The patients were interviewed using GHQ-28 and SCID-I, All GHQ-28 screen positive and 25% of screen negative respondents (total 158) were assessed by SCID-I. Among them 42 (11.76% of all 357 cases) respondents were found with some form of psychiatric illness. Diagnosis of psychiatric illness was significantly higher in those scored 4 or more in GHQ-28. More psychiatric cases were found among 18-25 years age group (50%), male gender (54.76%), urban population (69.05%), Muslims (85.71%), being single (54.76%), patients with secondary level of education (45.24%), housewives (26.19%), members of nuclear families (78.57%), and members of lower-income group. Among these 42 psychiatric cases, 22 were assessed by a psychiatrist who was blind about GHQ-28 score and SCID-I diagnosis. Out of these psychiatrically ill 42 cases, Major Depressive Disorder was in 9 (2.52% of the total study population of 357), Conversion Disorder was in 8 (2.24%) and Anxiety Disorder was in 7 (1.96%) respondents. There were two cases of Bipolar I Disorder and a single case of extrapyramidal side effects (EPSEs) with schizophrenia. Psychiatric illnesses are important issues at the emergency departments which require special attention.
Bang J Psychiatry June 2017; 31(1): 7-14