bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resident vegetation modifies climate-driven elevational shift of a mountain sedge
Authors: Crepaz Harald , Niedrist Georg , Wessely Johannes , Rossi Mattia , Dullinger Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMountain plant species are changing their ranges in response to global warming. However, these shifts vary tremendously in rate, extent and direction. The reasons for this variation are yet poorly understood. A process potentially important for mountain plant re-distribution is a competition between colonizing species and the resident vegetation. Here, we focus on the impact of this process using the recent elevational shift of the sedge Carex humilis in the northern Italian Alps as a model system. We repeated and extended historical sampling (conducted in 1976) of the species in the study region. We used the historical distribution data and historical climatic maps to parameterize a species distribution model (SDM) and projected the potential distribution of the species under current conditions. We compared the historical and the current re-survey for the species in terms of the cover of important potential competitor species as well as in terms of the productivity of the resident vegetation indicated by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). We found that Carex humilis has shifted its leading range margin upward rapidly (51.2 m per decade) but left many sites that have become climatically suitable since 1976 according to the SDM uncolonized. These suitable but uncolonized sites show significantly higher coverage of all dwarf shrub species and higher NDVI than the sites occupied by the sedge. These results suggest that resistance of the resident vegetation against colonization of migrating species can indeed play an important role in controlling the re-distribution of mountain plants under climate change.
Umwelt-Sein. Mutterschaft, Entwicklung und Psychologie, 1930–1990
Authors: Schmidt Susanne 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel beleuchtet die tragende Rolle, die Umweltdenken und Umgebungswissen für die Legitimation traditioneller Geschlechterrollen im 20. Jahrhundert spielten. Gezeigt wird, auf welche Weise einflussreiche psychologische und psychoanalytische Konzepte der Kindes- und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung Frauen dazu anhielten, sozio-naturale Umwelten herzustellen, ja, selbst Umwelt zu sein. Expertinnen und Experten verschiedener Denkrichtungen und Generationen propagierten ein ganz ähnliches Bild femininer „Environmentalität“, das heißt: der Disposition und Bestimmung der Frau, Umwelten zu erzeugen und zu verkörpern, die eine gesunde Kindesentwicklung ermöglichen und das Wohlbefinden und den Erfolg des Mannes, gar den Erhalt der gesellschaftlichen Ordnung begünstigen sollten. Dieses Konstrukt weiblichen Umwelt-Seins verpflichtete Frauen auf Ehe und Vollzeitmutterschaft und fixierte sie in Raum und Zeit. Sein reaktionärer Gebrauch in Auseinandersetzungen über alternative weibliche Lebensentwürfe demonstriert, dass leitende Konzeptionen von Entwicklung, Wohlergehen und Identität nicht nur androzentrisch, sondern antifeministisch waren.
Children and labor market outcomes: separating the effects of the first three children
Authors: Markussen Simen , Strøm Marte 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe use miscarriage as a biological shock to fertility to estimate the effect of the first three children on women’s and men’s labor market outcomes. For women, we find that the effect is almost the same for the first, second and third child in the short run. The reduction in female earnings in the three first years after birth is on average 28 percent for the first child, 29 percent for the second child and 22 percent for the third child. The reduction is caused by drops in labor supply at the intensive margin and the extensive margin, concentrated among women in the middle part of the income distribution. There is considerable catching up after five years, but effects of the first two children persist ten years later, although they are imprecisely estimated. For men, we find evidence of increased labor supply and earnings after the first two children. We also find indications that having the first child increases take-up of health-related welfare benefits, such as disability insurance, for women, and that having a second and/or a third child increases couple stability.
A fracture criterion for ductile metals based on critical damage parameters
Authors: Brünig Michael , Schmidt Marco , Gerke Steffen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe paper deals with the effect of different stress-state-dependent damage mechanisms on the onset of fracture in ductile metals. A continuum damage model is discussed using a strain tensor as an appropriate damage variable. It takes into account the influence of stress state on the damage condition and on the evolution equations of damage strains. A fracture condition based on critical damage parameters is developed analyzing results of a series of new experiments with different biaxially loaded specimens. After the tests, fracture modes are visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Numerical simulations of the biaxial experiments elucidate the stress states in critical regions of the specimens which are used to explain formation of different damage and fracture modes on the micro-level. Analysis of numerically predicted damage strains for different loading cases leads to a generalized fracture criterion.
Formalization of Camera Pose Estimation Algorithm based on Rodrigues Formula
Authors: Chen Shanyan , Wang Guohui , Li Ximeng , Zhang Qianying , Shi Zhiping , Guan Yong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Camera pose estimation is key to the proper functioning of robotic systems, supporting critical tasks such as robot navigation, target tracking, camera calibration, etc.Whilemultiple algorithms solving this problem	have been proposed, their correctness has rarely been validated using formal techniques. This is true despite the fact that the adoption of formal verification is essential for the reliability of safety-critical systems, and for their certification to high assurance levels. In this article, we present an effort in formally verifying an algorithm for camera pose estimation in an interactive theorem prover. The algorithm leverages the power of Rodrigues formula to solve the pose estimation problem under conditions for which existing solutions cannot be applied. The technical ingredients include (but are not limited to) mechanized proofs of the Rodrigues formula (along with its Cayley decomposition form) and the least squares method for fitting data. Based on the formalization of the algorithm, we formally derive and verify its general solution and unique solution.
The effectiveness of surgical procedures to prevent post-hysterectomy pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Carlin Greta Lisa , Bodner-Adler Barbara , Husslein Heinrich , Ritter Magdalena , Umek Wolfgang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed gynecological surgical procedures. One of the long-term risks associated with hysterectomy is the occurrence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). To prevent post-hysterectomy POP, several suspension procedures are routinely performed at the time of hysterectomy. We performed a systematic review of published data in order to define the most effective surgical procedures for the prevention of post-hysterectomy POP.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of the literature by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, and clinicaltrials.gov up to 24 May 2020. The search strategy included the keywords hysterectomy, post-hysterectomy, prolapse, colposuspension, culdoplasty, McCall, and combinations thereof. The inclusion criterion was a surgical procedure at the time of hysterectomy to prevent de novo POP. The outcome was incidence of post-hysterectomy POP.

Results
Six out of 553 retrieved studies met the methodological criteria for complete analysis. In this review, 719 women aged over 18 years were included. Only 2 studies were designed as prospective trials; however, only 1 compared women undergoing a procedure at the time of hysterectomy with controls. The prevalence of post-hysterectomy prolapse varied from 0% to 39%.

Conclusion
A systematic review of published literature suggests that performing variations of McCall culdoplasty at the time of hysterectomy might be the most effective prophylactic surgical procedure for preventing post-hysterectomy pelvic organ prolapse.
Low-dose ipilimumab plus nivolumab combined with IL-2 and hyperthermia in cancer patients with advanced disease: exploratory findings of a case series of 131 stage IV cancers – a retrospective study of a single institution
Authors: Kleef R. , Nagy R. , Baierl A. , Bacher V. , Bojar H. , McKee D. L. , Moss R. , Thoennissen N. H. , Szász M. , Bakacs T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe 3-year overall survival (OS) rate of patients with previously treated or untreated stage III or IV melanoma has by now reached 63% using ipilimumab and nivolumab therapy. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of grade 3 or 4 occurred in 59% of patients leading to discontinuation of therapy in 24.5% of patients and one death. Therapy with checkpoint inhibitors could be safer and more effective in combination with hyperthermia and fever inducing therapies. We conducted a retrospective analysis to test the safety and efficacy of a new combination immune therapy in 131 unselected stage IV solid cancer patients with 23 different histological types of cancer who exhausted all conventional treatments. Treatment consisted of locoregional- and whole-body hyperthermia, individually dose adapted interleukin 2 (IL-2) combined with low-dose ipilimumab (0.3 mg/kg) plus nivolumab (0.5 mg/kg). The objective response rate (ORR) was 31.3%, progression-free survival (PFS) was 10 months, survival probabilities at 6 months was 86.7% (95% CI, 81.0–92.8%), at 9 months was 73.5% (95% CI, 66.2–81.7%), at 12 months was 66.5% (95% CI, 58.6–75.4%), while at 24 months survival was 36.6% (95% CI:28.2%; 47.3%). irAEs of World Health Organization (WHO) Toxicity Scale grade 1, 2, 3, and 4 were observed in 23.66%, 16.03%, 6.11%, and 2.29% of patients, respectively. Our results suggest that the irAEs profile of the combined treatment is safer than that of the established protocols without compromising efficacy.
Task-based assessment of neck CT protocols using patient-mimicking phantoms—effects of protocol parameters on dose and diagnostic performance
Authors: Jahnke Paul , Conzelmann Juliane , Genske Ulrich , Nunninger Maximilian , Scheel Michael , Hamm Bernd , Diekhoff Torsten 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To assess how modifying multiple protocol parameters affects the dose and diagnostic performance of a neck CT protocol using patient-mimicking phantoms and task-based methods.

Methods
Six patient-mimicking neck phantoms containing hypodense lesions of 1 cm diameter and 30 HU contrast and one non-lesion phantom were examined with 36 CT protocols. All possible combinations of the following parameters were investigated: 100- and 120-kVp tube voltage; tube current modulation (TCM) noise levels of SD 7.5, 10, and 14; pitches of 0.637, 0.813, and 1.388; filtered back projection (FBP); and iterative reconstruction (AIDR 3D). Dose-length products (DLPs) and lesion detectability (assessed by 14 radiologists) were compared with the clinical standard protocol (120 kVp, TCM SD 7.5, 0.813 pitch, AIDR 3D).

Results
The DLP of the standard protocol was 25 mGy•cm; the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.839 (95%CI: 0.790–0.888). Combined effects of tube voltage reduction to 100 kVp and TCM noise level increase to SD 10 optimized protocol performance by improving dose (7.3 mGy•cm) and detectability (AUC 0.884, 95%CI: 0.844–0.924). Diagnostic performance was significantly affected by the TCM noise level at 120 kVp (AUC 0.821 at TCM SD 7.5 vs. 0.776 at TCM SD 14, p = 0.003), but not at 100-kVp tube voltage (AUC 0.839 at TCM SD 7.5 vs. 0.819 at TCM SD 14, p = 0.354), the reconstruction method at 100 kVp (AUC 0.854 for AIDR 3D vs. 0.806 for FBP, p < 0.001), but not at 120-kVp tube voltage (AUC 0.795 for AIDR 3D vs. 0.793 for FBP, p = 0.822), and the tube voltage for AIDR 3D reconstruction (p < 0.001), but not for FBP (p = 0.226).

Conclusions
Combined effects of 100-kVp tube voltage, TCM noise level of SD 10, a pitch of 0.813, and AIDR 3D resulted in an optimal neck protocol in terms of dose and diagnostic performance. Protocol parameters were subject to complex interactions, which created opportunities for protocol improvement.

Key Points
• A task-based approach using patient-mimicking phantoms was employed to optimize a CT system for neck imaging through systematic testing of protocol parameters.
• Combined effects of 100-kVp tube voltage, TCM noise level of SD 10, a pitch of 0.813, and AIDR 3D reconstruction resulted in an optimal protocol in terms of dose and diagnostic performance.
• Interactions of protocol parameters affect diagnostic performance and should be considered when optimizing CT techniques.
Glioblastoma post-operative imaging in neuro-oncology: current UK practice (GIN CUP study)
Authors: Booth Thomas C. , Luis Aysha , Brazil Lucy , Thompson Gerry , Daniel Rachel A. , Shuaib Haris , Ashkan Keyoumars , Pandey Anmol 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesMRI remains the preferred imaging investigation for glioblastoma. Appropriate and timely neuroimaging in the follow-up period is considered to be important in making management decisions. There is a paucity of evidence-based information in current UK, European and international guidelines regarding the optimal timing and type of neuroimaging following initial neurosurgical treatment. This study assessed the current imaging practices amongst UK neuro-oncology centres, thus providing baseline data and informing future practice.MethodsThe lead neuro-oncologist, neuroradiologist and neurosurgeon from every UK neuro-oncology centre were invited to complete an online survey. Participants were asked about current and ideal imaging practices following initial treatment.ResultsNinety-two participants from all 31 neuro-oncology centres completed the survey (100% response rate). Most centres routinely performed an early post-operative MRI (87%, 27/31), whereas only a third performed a pre-radiotherapy MRI (32%, 10/31). The number and timing of scans routinely performed during adjuvant TMZ treatment varied widely between centres. At the end of the adjuvant period, most centres performed an MRI (71%, 22/31), followed by monitoring scans at 3 monthly intervals (81%, 25/31). Additional short-interval imaging was carried out in cases of possible pseudoprogression in most centres (71%, 22/31). Routine use of advanced imaging was infrequent; however, the addition of advanced sequences was the most popular suggestion for ideal imaging practice, followed by changes in the timing of EPMRI.ConclusionVariations in neuroimaging practices exist after initial glioblastoma treatment within the UK. Multicentre, longitudinal, prospective trials are needed to define the optimal imaging schedule for assessment.Key Points• Variations in imaging practices exist in the frequency, timing and type of interval neuroimaging after initial treatment of glioblastoma within the UK.• Large, multicentre, longitudinal, prospective trials are needed to define the optimal imaging schedule for assessment.
Distal humerus fracture in patients over 70 years of age: results of open reduction and internal fixation
Authors: Moursy Mohamed , Wegmann Kilian , Wichlas Florian , Tauber Mark 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDue to the complexity of distal humerusfractures and often poor bone quality in elderly patients, these entities remain a challenge. However, because of a high rate of complications related to total elbow prostheses, reconstruction of distal humerus fractures should still be considered a therapeutic option, also in the elderly patient. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation and to evaluate whether the results justify reconstruction even in elderly patients. We hypothesized that despite advanced age, reasonable clinical results can be achieved, using a standardized surgical technique and aftertreatment protocol for the treatment of distal humerus fractures in elderly patients.MethodsBetween 2004 and 2012, 30 patients with a mean age of 78 years at the time of injury with a recent distal humerus fracture were evaluated. All patients underwent the identical aftertreatment protocol with no weight bearing for 6 weeks and weekly increasing range of motion. Follow-up rate was 90%. 22 patients were treated with double plate, 4 with single plate, and 1 with screw fixation only. Patients were evaluated based on clinical criteria. Primary outcome measures were Mayo Elbow Performance Score, VAS and joint range of motion, secondary was radiological evaluation.ResultsAfter a mean follow-up period of 3.8 years (min. 1 year, max. 9 years, SD ± 2), the average range of motion was flexion of 127° (min. 100°; max. 150°; SD ± 16.5) and average loss of extension of 20.9° (min. 5°; max. 40°; SD ± 11). Average pronation and supination was 68.3° (min. 0°; max. 90°; SD ± 25.3) and 75.3° (min. 0°; max. 90°; SD ± 19.7), respectively. Average Mayo Elbow Performance (MEPS) score was 88.7 (min. 60; max. 100; SD ± 12.1). 6 patients developed heterotopic ossification without significant effect on the clinical outcome. 7 patients had radiological evidence of at least partial non-union with one requiring revision, 2 discrete hardware dislocations were treated conservatively. There were no infections in the presented cohort. Our results regarding the surgical approach showed significantly higher patient satisfaction scores in the osteotomy group, compared to the group with Triceps-On Approach (PTOA).ConclusionThe present data support indication for open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) even in the elderly patient. Advanced age should not be seen as a contraindication for ORIF of fractures of the distal humerus. Although the rate of complications is higher than in younger patients, complications such as non-union are often asymptomatic, patient satisfaction scores are high, and the possible devastating complications of failed elbow replacement can be evaded.Level of evidenceIV.
New diagnostic approach of the different types of isolated craniosynostosis
Authors: Kronig Sophia A. J. , Kronig Otto D. M. , Vrooman Henri A. , Veenland Jifke F. , Van Adrichem Léon N. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, we diagnose skull shape deformities by analysing sinusoid curves obtained from standardized computed tomography (CT) slices of the skull for the common craniosynostoses (scaphocephaly, brachycephaly, trigonocephaly, right- and left-sided anterior plagiocephaly). Scaphocephaly has a high forehead peak and low troughs, in contrast to brachycephaly. Anterior plagiocephaly has asymmetry and shifting of the forehead peak. Trigonocephaly has a high and narrow frontal peak. Control patients have a symmetrical skull shape with low troughs and a high and broader frontal peak. Firstly, we included 5 children of every group of the common craniosynostoses and additionally 5 controls for extraction and calculation of characteristics. A diagnostic flowchart was developed. Secondly, we included a total of 51 craniosynostosis patients to validate the flowchart. All patients were correctly classified using the flowchart.Conclusion: Our study proposes and implements a new diagnostic approach of craniosynostosis. We describe a diagnostic flowchart based on specific characteristics for every type of craniosynostosis related to the specific skull deformities and control patients. All variables are expressed in number; therefore, we are able to use these variables in future research to quantify the different types of craniosynostosis.

What is Known:• Premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures results in a specific cranial shape.• Clinical diagnosis is relatively simple; however, objective diagnosis based on distinctive values is difficult.

What is New:• Using external landmarks and curve analysis, distinctive variables, and values for every type of craniosynostosis related to the specific skull deformities were determined and used to create a diagnostic flowchart for diagnosis.• Validation with an independent data set of 51 patients showed that all patients were correctly classified.
First confirmed record of Trichobilharzia franki Müller & Kimmig, 1994, from Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758) for Austria
Authors: Reier Susanne , Haring Elisabeth , Billinger Florian , Blatterer Hubert , Duda Michael , Gorofsky Christopher , Grasser Hans-Peter , Heinisch Wolfgang , Hörweg Christoph , Kruckenhauser Luise , Szucsich Nikolaus U. , Wanka Alexandra , Sattmann Helmut 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAvian schistosomes are of medical and veterinary importance as they are responsible for the annually occurring cercarial dermatitis outbreaks. For Austria, so far, only Trichobilharzia szidati Neuhaus 1952 was confirmed on species level as causative agent of cercarial dermatitis. Here we present the first record of Trichobilharzia franki Müller & Kimmig 1994 in Austria. The species was detected during a survey of digenean trematodes in Upper Austrian water bodies. Furthermore, we provide DNA barcodes of T. franki as well as measurements of several parasite individuals to indicate the intraspecific diversity. We also recommend the usage of an alternative primer pair, since the “standard COI primer pair” previously used for Schistosomatidae amplified an aberrant fragment in the sequence of T. franki. Overall, our study shows how limited our knowledge about occurrence and distribution of avian schistosomes in Austria is and how important it is to acquire such a knowledge to estimate ecological and epidemiological risks in the future.
Stream gauge network grouping analysis using community detection
Authors: Joo Hongjun , Lee Myungjin , Kim Jongsung , Jung Jaewon , Kwak Jaewon , Kim Hung Soo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStream gauging stations are important in hydrology and water science for obtaining water-related information, such as stage and discharge. However, for efficient operation and management, a more accurate grouping method is needed, which should be based on the interrelationships between stream gauging stations. This study presents a grouping method that employs community detection based on complex networks. The proposed grouping method was compared with the cluster analysis approach, which is based on statistics, to verify its adaptability. To achieve this goal, 39 stream gauging stations in the Yeongsan River basin of South Korea were investigated. The numbers of groups (clusters) in the study were two, four, six, and eight, which were determined to be suitable by fusion coefficient analysis. Ward’s method was employed for cluster analysis, and multilevel modularity optimization was applied for community detection. A higher level of cohesion between stream gauging stations was observed in the community detection method at the basin scale and the stream link scale within the basin than in the cluster analysis. This suggests that community detection is more effective than cluster analysis in terms of hydrologic similarity, persistence, and connectivity. As such, these findings could be applied to grouping methods for efficient operation and maintenance of stream gauging stations.