bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International Human Rights Instruments and Laws
Authors: Khudr Adele 
Published: March 2020

The second half of the twentieth century has witnessed a strive of the international community to promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedomseverywhere in the world. Within this context, the greatest achievement of the United Nations (UN) system is considered to be the creation of a body ofinternational human rights instruments and laws, amongst them those pertaining to the administration of justice and the protection of prisoners. The present article reviews the concept of international human rights law, the instruments relating to the protection of prisoners and the way these instruments address the issue of women prisoners.
Attributes and Determinants of Female Criminality
Authors: Sinno Dania 
Published: March 2020

In the past, gender was often disregarded by male researchers as a variable that needs to be considered in most domains of inquiry. Hence, women represented a minor concern in the writings on criminality prior to the 1950s and the 1960s. They were studied less, appeared less often as subjects of attention and thus remained, on the whole, marginal, secondary and almost invisible. Even when they were studied, they were portrayed in distorted ways.
An International Organization for Human Rights in Prisons
Authors: Maalouf Lynn 
Published: March 2020

When lovers of the ‘Arab nation’ proudly hail the ‘glorious’ common denominators bringing together the Middle Eastern and North African countries, they obliterateanother number of less glorious facets, one of which is the appalling conditions prevailing in prisons. Indeed, a quick look at the state of prisons in those countriesreveals practices of torture, arbitrary and illegal detention, disregard of the detainees’ right to defense and sometimes even death. In some countries, arbitrary arrests have even been legalized, mainly to target certain groups; in others,physical punishment is prescribed by law.
Nayla Moawad: On Politics in Lebanon
Authors: Sfeir Myriam 
Published: March 2020

Women in Lebanon have always been involved in the national struggle. Southernwomen resisted the occupation physically and emotionally. Moreover, during theLebanese war, women were the unknown soldiers who kept the family together.Although, women were active participants in public life they were never given achance to participate in politics on an equal basis with men. Men should encouragewomen to be involved in politics. We should move from rallying for women to integrating them in order to succeed in the world of politics.
Maud Fargeallah (1909 - 1995)
Authors: Misk Zeina 
Published: March 2020

Maud Fargeallah, the woman who "made and unmade ministers and presidents in her salon" ironically never held any official political post. However, her influence on the local and regional political scenes was not to be underestimated. Renown for her sharp analytical skills and clairvoyance, Maud was a woman who defied all the norms of her society for the cause she loved best: Lebanon's integrity and sovereignty.
Quote/Unquote
Authors: American University Lebanese 
Published: March 2020

" ... Women's studies as a course and a discourse in the Middle East could benefit from the vast literature produced by Western feminists , without being either daunted or swamped by it or being lured into imagining that feminists anywhere have found the solution to all women's problems. It would be wrong and misguided to assume that Western feminism only applies to the West.
I had a Dream!
Authors: Hamdar Abir 
Published: March 2020

Three weeks ago, I had a dream. In the dream, I gave birth to a bunch of baby girls .. J am not pregnant. I am not even married ... the dream baffles me. I try to describe the dream to my mom. She does not want to hear it. .. my dreams give her the creeps. They always come true. I call my aunt and tell her about my dream .. .I am obsessed with interpreting this dream. My aunt says baby girls in dreams are a good omen. I wonder what good omens are in the horizon. I do not wonder for long ... When you live with the fear of war, you stop wondering about goodomens.
Perceptions of Rape: Insights from Women in Beirut
Authors: Wehbi Samantha 
Published: March 2020

A review of Lebanese newspaper reports over a one year period (1993-1994) illustrates that rape was the most frequently reported crime against women, compared to kidnapping, battering, mugging, incest and murder (Abul-Husn, 1994). While rape has captured some media attention, this has been mostly restricted to coverage of cases involving children or where excessive force was employed. ]n fact, authors and activists have begun to argue for the need to conduct empirical investigations since not much is known about rape and other forms of violence against women that are increasingly being reported in Lebanese society (Abu-Habib, 1998; Abul-Husn, 1994; Faour, 1995; LebaneseCouncil to Resist Violence against Women, 1997; Maksoud, 1996; R.S., 1997; Tabbara & 'Assayran, 1994). This lack of research was confirmed in interviewsI conducted both with Dr. May Majdalani, a psychologist and professor at Haigazian University (Beirut), and Dr. Bassima AI-Moulla, Chair of the Public Health Depaltment at the Lebanese University (Beirut). Their own unique explorations of violence against women within the home have detected incidentsof rape, but their studies have not been focused on this form of violence.
A Turbulent Morocco: A Khutta, A Mudawwana, A Reform Movement and Rivalry Frames
Authors: Al-Abiad Rania 
Published: March 2020

Morocco, March 13, 2000: Hundreds of thousands of women poured into the streets of Morocco's two main cities for rival demonstrations over government plans to bolster women's rights. In Casablanca, Islamic parties headed by the Party of Justice and Development (PJD) and AI Adl Wa II Ihsan party, both of which occupy seats in Parliament, rallied with around 300 000 followers chanting slogans against the government's suggested reforms and calling for their repeal. In Rabat, a couple of thousand people from feminist groups and political parties such as AI lstiql al and AI Taqaddom Wa AI Ishtirakiyya gathered in support of these reforms. With slogans such as "Yes for the emancipation of women and no for their alienation," "Men and women equal before God, equal before the Law," and "For the dignity of women," they hailed the complete adoption of the government's plan.
Diana Moukalled Recounts
Authors: Sfeir Myriam 
Published: March 2020

Once every month Diana Moukalled appears on Future TV in a new episode of her program BiI'ayn al Mujarradeh (Through the Naked Eye). In each episode she embarks on a new journey to a different country and reports from there on the prevalent situation. I met Diana Moukalled at the Institute for Women's Studies, and we managed to have a quiet conversation something that would have proven very difficult had we chosen Future TV.
Family Relations and Physical Encounters in Arab Soap Operas
Authors: Hakim Dina Toufic 
Published: March 2020

Soap operas, whose viewers have been on the rise globally, are potentially a major force in the transmission of values and lifestyles and sexual information to young viewers. The purpose of this article is to introduce the reader to the content of Arab soap operas in terms of family ties and physical encounter. It examines the themes of various Lebanese, Syrian, and Egyptian soaps and describes the differences, ifany, in the portrayal of the three sub-societies.
Reporting on Rape
Authors: Tadros Mariz 
Published: March 2020

The last twelve months have seen an unprecedented surge in press coverage of rape - be it opinion articles, columns or front page stories. Normally, rape stories appear regularly on the crime pages of both government-controlled and opposition newspapers, be they leftist or Tslamist oriented. But two events brought rape to the forefront this year - a fatwa or religious opinion on the rights of rape victims made last November and the revision of the penal code dealing with rape in April 1998.
Globalization of the Media
Authors: Abu-Fadil Magda 
Published: March 2020

Does globalization mean we're being conditioned into thinking only of CNN when disaster strikes and we need detailed news of the event? Yes, very likely, because many of our media in the Arab world fall short of the task of providing good, accurate news that is to the point. That does not mean CNN is the best, it just means it operates in a professional nononsense way, most of the time. The network has had its share of flops over the years, but success seems to outweigh failure.
Female Identity and Power
Authors: Zaatari Akram 
Published: March 2020

The recent history of independent film and video testifies to the significant contributions of women in the field and highlights their role in defining an identity for film and video outside the dominant industry, predominantly a male territory. Far from associating production qualities with the differentgenders, which may lead to superficial - often misleading - conclusions such as describing women's work as sensitive, political, feminine, the question is better posited when it designates the artist's relation to power.
Destiny of her Own
Authors: EI-Yafi Cherine Abou Nasr 
Published: March 2020

"Destiny of her Own" is a lavish historical melodrama that has enough suds, sex, and flashes of flesh to appeal to soap opera lovers and enough substance to attract those of a more intellectual bent. It is beautifully filmed , wonderfully acted , and certainly nothing short of entertaining. It deals with themes of forbidden love, religious intolerance, subordination of women, sexual freedom, and the roles of pleasure and sin in a high-cultured society. While the movie does more than pay lip service to themes of female empowerment and religious intolerance, the main focus is hopeless romance.
Women, National Liberation, and Melodrama in Arab Countries
Authors: Shafiq Viola 
Published: March 2020

In spite of a long tradition, melodrama has today practically disappeared from the screens of the Arab world, though still alive in TV serials and in some rudimentary elements of Egyptian mainstream cinema. Melodrama is one of the film genres which in Western film criticism has been associated mostly with women. In Arab cinema it was one of the first film genres to take root. Unlike Arab realism which became highly evaluated as "a touchstone of cultural worth'" and expressed overtly anti-colonial, socialist and modernist views particularly in the time shortly following national independence , melodrama was ghettoized as trivial and escapist.
Does the fact that you are a woman affect your perceptions of issues you are dealing with in film or video? 2. Is your work in film or video committed to women's issues? 3. Do you believe in the existence of a women's cinema that has distinguished characteristics?
Authors: Shohat Ella Habina 
Published: March 2020

At a time when the grand recits of the West have been told and retold ad infinitum, when a certain postmodernism (Lyotard) speaks of "end" to metanarratives, and when Fukayama speaks of an "end of history," we must ask: precisely whose narrative and whose history is being declared at an "end?"
Who is the Prettiest One of All?
Authors: Dabbous-Sensenig Dima 
Published: March 2020

In the mid- seventies, Souad Housni the now famous Egyptian actress, shot to stardom in the Arab World thanks to a highly successful box office hit, Take Care of Zouzou (Khalli Balak min Zouzou). Almost two decades later, Julia Roberts became an international star after playing the leading role in Pretty Woman.
Elderly Women
Authors: Aghacy Samira 
Published: March 2020

Given that the year 1999 has been designated by the United Nations as the International Year for Older Persons with the theme Towards a Society for all Ages,' the File for this issue of Al-Raida is devoted to elderly women. Since the problem of aging in Lebanon is not as drastic as it is in Western and developed countries, we are fortunate to have the time to prepare ourselves, plan ahead and determine whether the measures taken by these countries to alleviate the problems of their aged citizens are also relevant to our culture and society.
Elderly Lebanese Women in an Aging World
Authors: Sibai Abla Mehio , Beydoun May 
Published: March 2020

The turning point at which aging begins is ill defined, and the question arises as to whether there can be an age for aging (Tout, 1989). Old age is culturally determined and varies with time, person and place. Philosophers, long time ago, defined old age as the time when the individual reaches his highest point of development. According to Hippocrates, this is reached at 56, to Aristotle at 35 for the body and 50 for the soul and to Dante at 45 (De Beauvoir, 1972). In some cultures, aged is equaled with menopause in females, and in others men are not regarded as old until they are retired. Old age is perceived differently in Bangladesh where life expectancy at birth is 49 years than in Sweden or Japan where life expectancy at birth exceeds 77 years.
Older Adult Men and Women in Palestine: Towards a Better Life?
Authors: Sansur Dr. Michel S. 
Published: March 2020

This article is part of a research project financed by the European Commission to assess disability and its psycho-social, economic, and epidemiological impact on families among adults in the West Bank (Occupied Territories) and in Lebanon. The research is co-ordinated by the Department of Community Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK. Partners in this project also include the Institut National d'Etudes Demographique in Paris, France, the Department olHealth Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, and Aid to the Aged (ATTA) in East Jerusalem, Occupied Territories.
Caring Institutions in Lebanon
Authors: American University Lebanese 
Published: March 2020

I hope to retain my independence for as long as possible. This may mean that I have to paym for help, but I do not expect itfrom you or your partners ... If I reach a point when I cannot live independently I do not expect any of you 10 provide me with a home. I hope and plan to make arrangements with some of my friends to live together in some sort of sheltered accommodation but, failing that, I will have to find the most acceptable place I can and if it uses all my savings - well, they are my savings. If, by then, I am unable to make decision.l' for myself; you mayhave to jointly find the best place for me but none of you should feel guilty about not laking the burden. I do nOI want you to do so - whatever I might be saying at the time. (Growing Old Disgracefully, p.179)
Dr. Nazek Saba Yared: Renowned Lebanese Writer
Authors: Sfeir Myriam 
Published: March 2020

Dr. Nazek Saba Yared is author of several books and novel s. Some of her books have been translated into English, and one went into the second edition which is very rare for an Arabic book. She is a member of the Baalbeck International Festival Executive Committee and the Lebanese Association for Women Researchers (Bahithat). She has assisted in starting the movement for the protection of battered women in Lebanon. In recognition of her "exceptional initiatives andactivities in the field of culture and development, she received in December, 1998 the Prince Claus Award. She was given the award for her "commitment to Lebanese culture and society" and her "belief in inter-human and interculturalcommunication."
The National Employment Office (NEO): An Answer to Unemployment?
Authors: Sfeir Myriam 
Published: March 2020

The National Employment Office (NEO) is an old/new governmental organization under the umbrella of the Lebanese Ministry of Labor. Its mandate enables it to conduct statistical, economic and social studies and to offer guidance and training.Established in 1979, it closed down four years later in 1983. It was reactivated in 1995, by the Ministry of Labor, upon the recommendation of the International Labor Office (lLO).
Implementation of CEDAW in the Arab Countries: Analysis of Reservations
Authors: Nasser Lamis 
Published: March 2020

The Arab world today consists of 22 countries all of which are members of the League of Arab States. These countries are Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan , Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. These countries share a common religion, language, hi story, and cultural heritage as a united distinct entity. The present state of Arab women is best understood and evaluated in light of the current demographic, political, economic, social, and religious situation of the region.
Julinda Abu Nasr: To Strive, To Seek, To Find, And Not To Yield
Authors: Aghacy Samira 
Published: March 2020

When asked by the Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World to write a tribute to Julinda Abu Nasr on the occasion of her retirement in October, 1997, my mind went back to the short period of time I worked with her as editor of the Al-Raida issue on Women and Literature. In that short span, Julinda stood out as a devoted and inspiring leader of a diverse group of hard working dedicated women.
Lebanese Women and Literature
Authors: Aghacy Samira 
Published: March 2020

Since we are dealing with texts written by women, the question that comes to mind is whether or not there is a unique or particular way in which women inscriberepresentation. My examination of texts written by women as well as men from the 1950's to the present reveal that no clearcut or categorical differences occur between texts written by men and those written by women. There seems to be nodifference in the language they use or the techniques employed in their writing. Is it a question of content then which makes texts written by women different?
How We Were
Authors: Nasrallah Emily 
Published: March 2020

I held onto your hand and your soft, delicate fingers intertwined with my big, coarse ones that were offspring of the oak and the sumac trees. And through thepores invisible sap communicated to your warmth. Happiness blossomed in your innocent eyes as you skipped along the sidewalk near the blue sea. Your free hand gestured toward the horizon and your stammering lips said, "Sea gull ... "
An Encounter of Arab Women Researchers
Authors: Cheikh Nadia 
Published: March 2020

Between July 25th and 27th, 1996, Al-Baahithaat, the Association of Lebanese Women Researchers, held a meeting which was attended by a number of Arabwomen researchers from Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, Jordan. Palestine. Bahrain, Sudan and Lebanon. The first inter-Arab meeting of its kind, it enabled women researchers to get acquainted and to share their research experiences.
Dany Bustros: Dancer
Authors: King-Irani Laurie , Ismail Ghena 
Published: March 2020

The art of dance is ephemeral, ambiguous and magical. Unlike poetry, which can be recorded and recited again and again, or painting, which is an enduring visual image of an act of creative imagination, the dance exists only in the here and now, shifting, changing, inspiring and dissolving before our very eyes.
Hala Masri: Singer
Authors: King-Irani Laurie 
Published: March 2020

Unless one has had the privilege of hearing her clear, strong and expressive singing voice, one would not guess that Hala Masri is one of the best young singers in Lebanon today. Masri, a 1987 graduate of the Lebanese American University who currently works as drama coordinator for theatrical productions at LAU, sings with the Beirut Group for Arabic Music, which performs classical Arabic music, under the direction of conductor Selim Sahab.
Report on Income-Generating Projects to Assist War-Affected Women
Authors: American University Lebanese 
Published: March 2020

Because of the duration, depth and devastation of the Lebanese conflict, Lebanese women's roles changed drastically during the war. Many women lost their husbands, whi Ie others were abandoned and left to fend for themselves as the social order disintegrated. Women's traditional sources of income and other means ofsubsistence in their villages of origin were lost.
Women, the Media and Sustainable Human Development
Authors: King-Irani Laurie 
Published: March 2020

Wherever one looks, whatever one reads, and whomever one talks to nowadays, it is impossible not to notice that the entire world is in the midst of a profound revolution: the global communications revolution. thee world-wide phenomena of cable television. satellite communications, the Intemet, fax machines. E-Mail and personal computers means that more people in more places can access more information than at any time before in human history.
AIDS And Us
Authors: Cheikh Nadia 
Published: March 2020

Conservative groups in various countries throughout the Arab world continually protest against the low moral standards of the West. The priority on their cultural agenda is the rejection of the immediate and long-term threats posed by the indiscriminate importation and adoption of western secular values. Western-bashing and the upholding of our own superior ethical mode of life have thus becomefavorite topics of conservati ve discourse, which usually warns everyone about the catastrophes our culture will experience if we import these foreign values into the East.
The Women's Movement: The Second Wave
Authors: El-Cheikh Nadia 
Published: March 2020

On May 15 and 16,1995, Foundation Rene Moawwad and Friedrich-NaumannStiftung sponsored a workshop entitled "The Women's Movement: The Second Wave". The purpose of the meeting, as stated by the organizers, was to explain the absence of the younger generation from the scene of women's activism.
My Journey With Cancer
Authors: Accad Evelyne 
Published: March 2020

I decided to hold a jounal on my journey through cancer. I need to do it for myself (to exorcise the pain) and for the other women who are going through the same calvary, or for those who will in the future. I also write for those who must become aware of the dangers we face in our postmodernera. I feel I have been made to pay the price for modern civilization. Someone has to pay the price for all the pollutantsand chemicals that are thrown into the atmosphere, which affect us through the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the sun our skin receives, the contaminants dumped into the rivers and seas, the pesticides sprayed on the fruits and vegetables, and the hormones fed to animals.
Always Changing
Authors: Abul-Husn Randa 
Published: March 2020

Again, there are changes! In the beginning of 1994, this combined issue of AL-RAIDA was set as the target for a series of developments which involved giving it a new look and enriching its content. The Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW) , producer and sponsor of AL-RAIDA. isdetermined to make it a quality publication.
Time, A Gift of Love
Authors: Majdalani May 
Published: March 2020

Much has been written about wife abuse, battering, and specifically about physical violence. It exists in Lebanon, butI cannot document it. I can document, however, the existence of psychological violence as I encounter it more and more in my practice with women being treated for depression or anxiety. Each eventually complains of the same thing: a consistent grinding down of their sense of identity by well - meaning partners.
Tribute to Nina Berberova (1901-1993)
Authors: Amyuni Mona Takkiedine 
Published: March 2020

Nina Berberova was born in Russia in 1901 and has recently died in Philadelphia. Recognized as a distinguished novelist late in her life in 1985, it took a man of great insight, Hubert Nyssen, ediur of the elegant publishing house in Paris, Acres Sud, to feel immediately the unique and original talent of Berberova.