bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects and chemical composition of Corchorus olitorius leaf fractions against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury through p65NFkB-dependent anti-apoptotic pathway in rats
Authors: Alabi Babatunde , Omobowale Temidayo , Badejo Joseph , Adedapo Adeolu , Fagbemi Oluwole , Iwalewa Olugbenga 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The fractions of Corchorus olitorius leaf (COLF) were evaluated against oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury (MI) Wistar rats.

Methods
The n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and ethanol fractions were obtained from COLF extract. Male Wistar strains were randomly grouped into 11 groups (n = 6 in each group), which comprises normal control group, MI control group, 4 fraction groups with two doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) and enalapril (10 mg/kg). The sera were obtained for biochemical studies like AOPP (advance oxidized protein product), CRP (C-reactive protein), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), CKMB (creatine kinase-MB) and myocardial tissue obtained for GSH, p65NFkB, bax, bcl2, p53 and p65NFkB assays.

Results
The subcutaneous administration of ISO increased the serum level of CRP, LDH and CKMB significantly (p < 0.05) and decreased serum AOPP, tissue GSH and p65NFkB (p < 0.05) in the infarction control rats. Pretreatment with COLF and enalapril increased the tissue GSH and p65NFkB levels (p < 0.05) and significantly reduced serum CRP, AOPP, LDH and CKMB. The dichloromethane fraction (CODCM) being the most active was chosen to evaluate the anti-apoptotic effect. CODCM (50 and 100 mg/kg) and enalapril showed a significant (p < 0.05) effect through severe expression of p65NFkB, which correlates with increased bcl2 protein expression, decreased bax protein and p53 expression. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 26 compounds in CODCM.

Conclusions
From the present study, COLF protected the myocardial tissue against ischemic injury in rats probably via the p65NFkB-dependent anti-apoptotic pathway and attenuation of pro-inflammatory marker level.
3-(Para-fluorobenzoyl)-propionic acid; a metabolite of haloperidol, reversed oestradiol valerate-induced uterine hyperplasia via modulation of oestrogen receptor signalling pathways in female Wistar rats
Authors: Olowofolahan Adeola O. , Akanji Busayo A. , Olorunsogo Olufunso O. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
3-(Para-fluorobenzoyl)-propionic acid (3PFBPA) is one of the metabolites of haloperidol used in the treatment of psychotic disorders. 3PFBPA is an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), implicated in the development of uterine fibroids (UFs) and cellular proliferation. In this study, the effect of 3PFBPA on oestradiol valerate (OV)-induced uterine hyperplasia was investigated.

Methods
Uterine hyperplasia was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OV (3 mg/kg for 12 weeks). Expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) α, β-catenin and E-cadherin were investigated via immunohistochemistry. The histology and fibroblast cell count/μm2 (using histomorphometry) were carried out.

Results
There was a significant increase in the levels of oestrogen, progesterone and total cholesterol in the OV-treated group when compared with the control, assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Oestrogen and total cholesterol were markedly reduced in the OV + 3PFBPAtreated group when compared with the OV-treated group. The OV-induced overexpression of β-catenin and ER were also ameliorated by 3PFBPA. Also, the loss of E-cadherin function in the OV-treated group was restored by 3PFBPA. The histological findings and histomorphometric results revealed the presence of uterine hyperplasia in the OV-treated rats which was significantly reversed by 3PFBPA. Histological studies revealed a protective role against OV-induced uterine damage that was found after OV + 3PFBPA co-administration.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that 3PFBPA ameliorates OV-induced uterine hyperplasia in the female Wistar rat model. The findings warrant further investigation of the antifibrotic effects of 3PFBPA in humans.
Tangeretin: a mechanistic review of its pharmacological and therapeutic effects
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Ahmadi Zahra , Mohammadinejad Reza , Ghasemipour Afshar Elham 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To date, a large number of synthetic drugs have been developed for the treatment and prevention of different disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. However, these drugs suffer from a variety of drawbacks including side effects and low efficacy. In response to this problem, researchers have focused on the plant-derived natural products due to their valuable biological activities and low side effects. Flavonoids consist of a wide range of naturally occurring compounds exclusively found in fruits and vegetables and demonstrate a number of pharmacological and therapeutic effects. Tangeretin (TGN) is a key member of flavonoids that is extensively found in citrus peels. It has different favorable biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. In the present review, we discuss the various pharmacological and therapeutic effects of TGN and then, demonstrate how this naturally occurring compound affects signaling pathways to exert its impacts.
Pulmonary function severity in relation to interleukin-23 levels in patients with psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Saranya Vasann , Kuppusamy Saranya , Pal Pravati , Malathi Munisamy , Rajappa Medha , Fredrick Jean 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Interleukin-23 (IL-23), a key inflammatory regulator in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, is suspected to play a role in the onset of pulmonary dysfunction (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) in psoriasis. Despite that, pulmonary function tests are rarely studied in these subjects. This study aims to seek a possible relation between pulmonary function in psoriasis patients serum IL-23.

Methods
For this analytical cross-sectional study, male psoriasis patients in the age group of 25–45 years were recruited from dermatology out patient department (n = 40). Age and BMI matched apparently healthy individuals were recruited as control group (n = 40). After obtaining demographic and personal details, anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were recorded. The severity of psoriasis was assessed using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score. Pulmonary function was assessed using computerized spirometry, and serum IL-23 was measured using ELISA.

Results
Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak expiratory flow rate, and forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF25%–75%) were significantly reduced in psoriasis. Based on the percentage of predicted values FEF25%–75% was significantly reduced in psoriasis. Serum IL-23 (pg/mL) was significantly higher in psoriasis. The increase in IL-23 in psoriasis subjects does not correlate with their pulmonary function.

Conclusions
Psoriasis may be associated with a reduced lung function even when the disease is in the mild stage. Increased IL-23 found in these subjects is suggestive of systemic inflammation, which indirectly lowers lung function.
The effects of Pb on sperm parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation of men investigated for infertility
Authors: Wijesekara G.U.S. , Fernando D.M.S. , Wijeratne S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Lead (Pb) is one of the metals most prevalent in the environment and is known to cause infertility and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation. This study aimed to determine the association between seminal plasma Pb and sperm DNA fragmentation in men investigated for infertility.

Methods
Male partners (n = 300) of couples investigated for infertility were recruited after informed consent was obtained. Sperm parameters were assessed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Seminal plasma Pb was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with nitric acid.

Results
In Pb-positive and -negative groups the sperm parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation were compared using independent sample t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test, respectively. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] age and duration of infertility were 34.8 (5.34) years and 45.7 (35.09) months, respectively, and the mean Pb concentration was 15.7 μg/dL. In Pb positives compared to Pb negatives the means (SD) of sperm count, progressive motility viability and normal morphology were lower (p > 0.05) but the DNA fragmentation was significantly higher 39.80% (25.08) than Pb negatives 22.65% (11.30). Seminal plasma Pb concentration and sperm DNA fragmentation had a positive correlation (r = 0.38, p = 0.03). A negative correlation was observed between sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility and viability. When the DNA fragmentation was ≥30% sperm concentration and viability decreased (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Pb in seminal plasma had a significant effect on sperm DNA fragmentation but not with other sperm parameters.
A case report on clozapine-induced ventricular ectopics: a fatal adverse drug reaction
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Arvind , Kaur Navneet , Singh Anand , Chhabra Manik , Sharma Rishabh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Clozapine is one of the most efficacious antipsychotic drug used for the treatment-resistant schizophrenia; it is sometimes associated with serious adverse reactions like agranulocytosis, myocarditis, cardiac rhythm disturbances, etc.

Case presentation
A 30-year-old patient with a primary diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia (ICD code - F20.05) was on regular prescription for 6 years. Due to refractoriness, the patient was initiated on tablet clozapine. After 45 days of clozapine therapy, he presented with the complaints of worsening of positive symptoms and sudden falls associated with a brief period of unresponsiveness for which the patient was admitted for evaluation. After stabilization of the patient, it was concluded that he was suffering from ventricular ectopics based upon cardiac investigations like electrocardiogram (ECG) and Holter monitoring. Upon causality assessment between the adverse drug reaction (ADR) and the suspected drug using Naranjo Scale and WHO causality assessment scale, the ADR was found to be probable.

Conclusions
This case report will help to keep physicians vigilant about the rare cardiac side effects of clozapine and to do regular ECG monitoring of the patients who are on clozapine. Moreover, this case report generates the evidence of clozapine-induced arrhythmia, which is needed to be quantified with aggressive study design and there is a need to study the dose-dependent relationship of clozapine-induced arrhythmia.
Production of the secondary metabolite catechin by in vitro cultures of Camellia sinensis L
Authors: Sutini  , Widiwurjani  , Ardianto Chrismawan , Khotib Junaidi , Purwanto Djoko Agus , Muslihatin Wirdhatul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Catechin is one of the secondary metabolites in Camellia sinensis L. that is alternatively produced through in vitro cultures. The in vitro culture product is possibly improved by optimizing the culture medium with the addition of growth regulators and precursors. The purpose of this study was to confirm the success of the secondary catechin metabolite production through the in vitro culture of C. sinensis L in a relatively short time.

Methods
The secondary catechin metabolite product is obtained in about 40 days. The study was conducted by (1) leaf cutting for inoculation in Murashige and Skoog media with 1 μg/mL of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid growth regulator; (2) the inoculation of callus multiplication on the same medium as a partially modified inoculation media condition with the addition of 1 μg/mL of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2 μg/mL of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at concentration; (3) callus multiplication developed on a new medium containing phenylalanine precursors (300 μg/mL); (4) testing growth by harvesting the callus and weighing the wet weight of its biomass and (5) identification of the callus qualitatively and quantitatively by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results
The level of secondary catechin metabolite produced was 2.54 μg/mL and 12.13 μg/mL in solid and suspension media, respectively.

Conclusions
It is concluded that the method is effective and efficient in producing catechin product from C. sinensis L.
Alterations in histological, biochemical and hematological parameters in Plasmodium berghei NK-65 infected balb/c mice treated with Bridelia ferruginea stem bark extract
Authors: Shittu Olalere , Opeyemi Olufunke Adenike , Salawu Muritala Kayode , Ashiru Abeeb Adio , Medaiyese Shadrach Ayodeji , Asogwa Nnaemeka , Sheba Kehinde Funmilola , Kadir Rafiu Adebisi , Aremu Olusola Isaac , Ajibaye Olusola 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Recent ethnomedicinal studies on Bridelia ferruginea Benth (family Phyllanthaceae) as an antiplasmodial remedy have established its potency as a strong prophylactic and chemosuppressive agent. Human consumption of medicinal herbs without adequate evaluation of its efficacy and safety can result in grave physiological and pathological consequences. Therefore, this study assessed the antiplasmodial bioactivity, biochemical, hematological, histopathological and toxicity profile of the ethanolic stem bark extract of B. ferruginea in mice.

Methods
Ethanolic stem bark extract of B. ferruginea (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) were orally administered to Plasmodium berghei-infected mice in models and were subsequently observed for mortality, behavioral changes and signs of toxicity. Acute evaluation was experimented at 1,000 mg/kg for 28 days. Occult blood obtained from the euthanized mice were subjected to biochemical and hematological assays. A comprehensive assessment of the histology of the liver and kidney was also ascertained. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined and extrapolated using the regression equation obtained from the plot of the probits of mortalities (y) and the log of doses (log10C).

Results
Different concentrations of the phytochemical secondary metabolites were revealed. Antiplasmodial bioactivity was established at the 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of the herbal extract with a dearth in parasitemia at different days post-treatment. The 800 mg/kg group responded by exhibiting a dose-dependent decrease in parasitemia comparable with the chloroquine bi-phosphate group. Significant alterations in the histology of the liver and kidney of the 1,000 mg/kg group was documented. There was a reduction in the titers of LDH, ALT, AST, and urea in the treated group when compared with the control (p < 0.05). Antioxidant profiles were also highly significant with elevation in SOD, GPx, and CAT, but a reduction in MDA. LD50 was established at 424 mg/kg.

Conclusion

B. ferruginea Benth (family Phyllanthaceae) is a potent antiplasmodial, antioxidant, regenerative and ameliorative herbal remedy if administered in controlled dosage.
A pervasive scientific overview on mangiferin in the prevention and treatment of various diseases with preclinical and clinical updates
Authors: Mittal Saurabh , Iqubal Mohammad Kashif , Iqbal Babar , Gupta Madan Mohan , Ali Javed , Baboota Sanjula 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Natural products are increasing used in preventing and treating various diseases. Mangiferin belongs to the xanthone family, and has potential antiangiogenic, anticancer, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity along with the antioxidant activity. It is also used in the treatment of cardiac problem, diabetes and neurodegenerative disease. Finding of various researchers proves that mangiferin has a broad spectrum therapeutic application. Motive of this review is to describe the various studies performed on mangiferin for its different pharmacological activities. It also discusses various challenges associated with mangiferin such as stability and bioavailability. Strategies and approaches to improve bioavailability of mangiferin have also been discussed. Both research and review articles were used to write the manuscript. They were collected from various search engines like Pub Med, Science Direct and Google Scholar, using keywords like mangiferin, polyphenol, bioavailability enhancement, solubility enhancement, and antioxidant. Mangiferin being a potent antioxidant is effective in the treatment of various diseases. With novel drug delivery approaches we can overcome poor solubility and bioavailability problem which eventually can result to better utilisation of mangiferin in treating a variety of diseases and make mangiferin a revolutionary drug.
Anti-anaemic effect of ethanol leaf extract of Cnidosculus aconitifolius on cyclophosphomide-induced anaemia in rats
Authors: Atata Jamila Abdulhamid , Ayoola Taiwo Oluwaseun , Ajadi Abdullateef Abiodun , Adamu Sani , Olatunji Aishat O. , Biobaku Khalid Talha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The folkloric claim that Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Chaya) could ameliorate anaemia requires scientific revalidation in anaemic models.

Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-anaemic effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on cyclophosphamide-induced anaemia in rats.

Methods
The leaves of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius were collected, dried and extracted with ethanol. Twenty five Wistar Albino rats weighing 120–180 kg were used. Anaemia was induced in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 with a single injection of cyclophosphamide, while group 1 served as a negative control without anemia and was treated with 0.5 mL of normal saline, Group 2 rats were treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. Group 3 rats were treated with 500 mg/kg body weight of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. Group 4 served as the positive control rats and was treated with 0.5 mL of normal saline. Group 5 which served as the standard control rats and were treated with 5 mg/kg body weight of standard drug Chemiron. The treated lasted for two weeks during which blood samples were collected from each rat for haematological analysis.

Results
The result shows that hematological parameters were elevated in groups 2, 3 and 5 rats treated with 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and chemiron respectively.

Conclusions
Ethanol leaf extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius at a graded dose of 500 mg/kg body weight had higher ameliorative effect on the haematological parameters of cyclophosphamide-induced anemia in rats.
Language history from below: Standardization and Koineization in Renaissance Italy
Authors: Brown Josh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe paper returns to the complex question of the sociolinguistic history of Italy during the Renaissance. The traditional historiography of the Italian language adopts a teleological perspective, often defining the codification of Italian in 1525 with the publication of Pietro Bembo’sProse della volgar lingua. This approach means that less attention has been devoted to other processes of language change, as well as less focus on areas outside Tuscany. Using the major historical grammars of Italian, I highlight cases of variation which emphasize the non-uniformitarian nature of the standard. One major process while the standard was evolving was the formation of a koine or ‘common language’. This was the main feature of language change throughout much of north Italy. Recent research into the histories of non-Italo Romance varieties have suggested that standardization and koineization are not mutually exclusive processes. Rather, they are best characterised by a ‘top-down’ vs. ‘bottom-up’ approach respectively, with many points of intersection. The paper transposes these notions onto the sociolinguistic landscape of Renaissance Italy, allowing for further insight into how Italian was codified in particular, and the relationship between standards and koines more generally.
A novel heterozygous mutation in the insulin receptor gene presenting with type A severe insulin resistance syndrome
Authors: Aghababaie Arameh S. , Ford-Adams Martha , Buchanan Charles R. , Arya Ved B. , Colclough Kevin , Kapoor Ritika R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Inherited severe insulin resistance syndromes (SIRS) are rare and can be caused by mutations in the insulin receptor gene (INSR).

Case presentation
A 12-year-old Jamaican girl with a BMI of 24.4 kg/m2 presented with polyuria and polydipsia. A diagnosis of T1DM was made in view of hyperglycaemia (18 mmol/l), and elevated Hba1C (9.9%), and insulin therapy was initiated. Over the next 2 years, she developed hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans, and had minimal insulin requirements with frequent post-prandial hypoglycaemia. In view of this, and her strong family history suggestive of a dominantly inherited type of diabetes, the diagnosis was revisited. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the patient’s monogenic diabetes genes was performed.

What is new?
NGS revealed a novel heterozygous missense INSR variant, NM_000208.3:c.3471T>G, p.(His1157Gln), confirming a diagnosis of Type A SIRS.

Conclusions
Type A SIRS can be difficult to differentially diagnose due to the variable phenotype. Features of insulin resistance may be absent at initial presentation and may develop later during pubertal progress. Awareness of the clinical features and comprehensive genetic testing are essential to identify the condition.
Rapid progressive central precocious puberty: diagnostic and predictive value of basal sex hormone levels and pelvic ultrasound
Authors: Calcaterra Valeria , Klersy Catherine , Vinci Federica , Regalbuto Corrado , Dobbiani Giulia , Montalbano Chiara , Pelizzo Gloria , Albertini Riccardo , Larizza Daniela 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Data on the predictive values of parameters included in the diagnostic work-up for precocious puberty (PP) remain limited. We detected the diagnostic value of basal sex hormone levels, pelvic ultrasound parameters and bone age assessment for activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in girls with PP, in order to help in the decision to perform GnRH testing.

Patients and methods
We retrospectively considered 177 girls with PP. According to puberty evolution, the girls were divided into two groups: rapid progressive central precocious puberty (RP-CPP) and non/slowly progressive/transient forms (SP-PP). In all patients we considered Tanner stage, basal luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) values, bone age, and pelvis examination. We assessed the diagnostic value of each variable and identified the number of pathological parameters that best identify patients with RP-CPP.

Results
Basal LH ≥ 0.2IU/L, E2 level ≥ 50 pmol/L, uterine longitudinal diameter ≥ 3.5 cm, transverse uterine diameter ≥ 1.5 cm, endometrial echo and ovarian volume ≥ 2 cm3 were significantly associated with RP-CPP (p ≤ 0.01). The ability to diagnose RP-CPP was enhanced with increasing number of pathological hormonal and instrumental parameters (p < 0.001). With more than three parameters detected, sensitivity and specificity reached 58% (95%CI 48–67) and 85% (95%CI 74–92), respectively, with a PPV = 86% (95%CI 76–93) and PPN = 54% (95%CI 43–54); the area under the ROC curve was 0.71 (95%CI 0.65–0.78).

Conclusion
Despite the availability of different tests, diagnosing RP-CPP remains difficult. A diagnosis model including at least three hormonal and/or ultrasound parameters may serve as a useful preliminary step in selecting patients who require GnRH testing for early detection of RC-PP.