bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jean Echenoz and Georges Perec: Negotiating Occupied Territory
Authors: O’Beirne Emer 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Jean Echenoz’s first four novels (1979–89) exhibit the development of a literary apprenticeship across different fictional genres and acknowledge important precursors. Among the latter, the influence on Echenoz’s work of Georges Perec has not received the same attention as that of the
nouveau roman
, Raymond Queneau, or crime fiction writers such as Jean-Patrick Manchette. Yet the presence of Perec the narrative jigsaw-maker is unmistakeable in Echenoz’s first novel,
Le Méridien de Greenwich
. By the end of Echenoz’s decade-long apprenticeship, however, it is less Perec the game-player than the critic of consumerism and above all the observer of urban life who is privileged in
Lac
’s allusions to the older writer’s work on the infra-ordinary and on place. A previous short novella
L’Occupation des sols
not only dramatizes Echenoz’s navigation of an urban and socio-critical territory already occupied by Perec; it also prepares his subsequent commemoration in
Lac
of both Perec’s ludism and the personal loss informing his work. Taken together,
L’Occupation des sols
and
Lac
demonstrate how a grant-aided transposition to suburbia allows Echenoz to embrace his Perecquian inheritance of everyday observation, while articulating the subjection of writers too to commercial forces Perec identified, a theme the younger writer has continued to explore.
Defining Aging in Place: The Intersectionality of Space, Person, and Time
Authors: Rogers Wendy A , Ramadhani Widya A , Harris Maurita T 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aging in place (AIP) is a term that is commonly used and defined in a plethora of ways. Multiple disciplines take a different stance on the definition of AIP, and its definition has evolved over time. Such diverse ways to define AIP could be a barrier to reach a shared expectation among multiple stakeholders when formulating research studies, making policy decisions, developing care plans, or designing technology tools to support older adults. We conducted a scoping review for the term AIP to understand specifically how it has been defined across time and disciplines. We collected exemplary definitions of AIP from 7 databases that represent different fields of study; namely, AgeLine, Anthropology Plus, Art and Architecture Source, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SocINDEX. We conducted a thematic analysis to identify the common concepts that emerged across the definitions identified in the scoping review. We developed 3 main categories from the themes: space, person, and time to illustrate the root of meaning across the definitions. Intersectionality across the categories yielded a comprehensive understanding of AIP, which does not constrain its definition to a place-related phenomenon. We propose that AIP be defined as “One’s journey to maintain independence in one’s place of residence as well as to participate in one’s community.” With this shared understanding of the term AIP, policymakers, researchers, technology designers, and caregivers can better support those who aim to age in the place of their choice.
Excluded Ethnic Groups, Conflict Contagion, and the Onset of Genocide and Politicide during Civil War
Authors: Uzonyi Gary , Demir Burak 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Why do some governments commit genocide or politicide during civil war? It is well established that opposition groups learn from each other and that rebellion by one group encourages rebellion by others. Governments understand this dynamic. When a government excludes several ethnic groups from power, it worries that rebellion by one excluded group may invite challenges by other groups simultaneously. Therefore, when fighting one excluded group, increasing the number of additional excluded groups provides the government two incentives to engage in atrocity. First, the government hopes to ward off other challengers by demonstrating its brutality. Second, the government hopes to win its war quickly by destroying the rebels’ support base to reallocate its resources in case of further rebellions. Statistical analysis of all civil wars since 1946 reveals that governments fighting against the backdrop of additional excluded ethnic groups are more likely to commit genocide or politicide than other regimes.
Acquisition of a genomic resistance island (AbGRI5) from global clone 2 through homologous recombination in a clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolate
Authors: Hua Xiaoting , Moran Robert A , Xu Qingye , He Jintao , Fang Youhong , Zhang Linghong , van Schaik Willem , Yu Yunsong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To reconstruct the evolutionary history of the clinical Acinetobacter baumannii XH1056, which lacks the Oxford scheme allele gdhB.

Methods
Susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution and agar dilution. The whole-genome sequence of XH1056 was determined using the Illumina and Oxford Nanopore platforms. MLST was performed using the Pasteur scheme and the Oxford scheme. Antibiotic resistance genes were identified using ABRicate.

Results
XH1056 was resistant to all antibiotics tested, apart from colistin, tigecycline and eravacycline. MLST using the Pasteur scheme assigned XH1056 to ST256. However, XH1056 could not be typed with the Oxford MLST scheme as gdhB is not present. Comparative analyses revealed that XH1056 contains a 52 933 bp region acquired from a global clone 2 (GC2) isolate, but is otherwise closely related to the ST23 A. baumannii XH858. The acquired region in XH1056 also contains a 34 932 bp resistance island that resembles AbGRI3 and contains the armA, msrE-mphE, sul1, blaPER-1, aadA1, cmlA1, aadA2, blaCARB-2 and ere(B) resistance genes. Comparison of the XH1056 chromosome to that of GC2 isolate XH859 revealed that the island in XH1056 is in the same chromosomal region as that in XH859. As this island is not in the standard AbGRI3 position, it was named AbGRI5.

Conclusions
XH1056 is a hybrid isolate generated by the acquisition of a chromosomal segment from a GC2 isolate that contains a resistance island in a new location—AbGRI5. As well as generating ST256, it appears likely that a single recombination event is also responsible for the acquisition of AbGRI5 and its associated antibiotic resistance genes.
(MIS)Allocation Effects of an Overpaid Public Sector
Authors: Cavalcanti Tiago , Santos Marcelo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There is a large body of evidence showing that for many countries the structure of wages and pensions and the labor law legislation are different for public and private employees. Such differences affect the occupational choice of agents and might generate some type of misallocation. We develop a life-cycle model with endogenous occupational choice and heterogeneous agents to study the implications of an overpaid public sector. The model is estimated to be consistent with micro and macro evidence for Brazil, a country with a high public sector earnings premium. Our counterfactual exercises demonstrate that public–private earnings premium can generate important allocation effects and sizeable productivity losses. For instance, a reform that would decrease the public–private wage premium from its benchmark value of $19\%$ to $15\%$ and would align the pension of public sector workers with the one in place for private sector workers could increase aggregate output by nearly $11.2\%$ in the long run without any decrease in the supply of public infrastructure. We provide a decomposition of the aggregate effect into changes in factors accumulation and changes in TFP and implement a welfare distributive analysis.
On the Autocorrelation of the Stock Market*
Authors: Martin Ian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
I introduce an index of market return autocorrelation based on the prices of index options and of forward-start index options and implement it at a six-month horizon. The results suggest that the autocorrelation of the S&P 500 index was close to zero before the subprime crisis but was negative in its aftermath, attaining values around –20% to –30%. I speculate that this may reflect market perceptions about the likely reaction, via quantitative easing, of policymakers to future market moves.
Large hydrocele of the canal of Nuck diagnosed and treated using conventional and laparoscopic methods
Authors: Kohata Akihiro , Hirata Yuzo , Ishikawa Sho , Kai Azusa , Namba Yosuke , Okimoto Sho , Mukai Shoichiro , Fujisaki Seiji , Takahashi Mamoru , Fukuda Toshikatsu , Nishida Toshihiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 49-year-old woman presented to the hospital with a right inguinal swelling. On examination, we suspected hydrocele of the canal of Nuck (HCN) or an appendiceal or retroperitoneal tumor. Surgery for diagnosis and removal of the mass revealed that it was large and located in the preperitoneal cavity, extending into the inguinal ring; so, it was difficult to observe the entire outline of the mass solely using the laparoscopic approach. Therefore, we added the conventional approach with an inguinal incision. This combination of conventional and laparoscopic approaches helped in safe removal of the tumor. The HCN is an unusual developmental condition in women among whom it might cause an inguinal swelling infrequently. In a case with a large HCN, a combined approach using conventional and laparoscopic methods is suggested for better observation of the abdomen and successful resection without perforation of the mass than when using a single approach.
The Racialization of Gratitude in Victorian Culture
Authors: Burroughs Robert 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Gratitude was racialized in Victorian culture. Drawing on a wide historical framework, which takes in eighteenth-century proslavery arguments as well as twenty-first-century anti-immigrant discourses, I explore how Victorian-era texts placed demands upon enslaved, formerly enslaved, and colonized peoples to feel thankful for their treatment as British imperial subjects. My article ranges over contexts and academic debates, and surveys nineteenth-century discourses, but it coheres around a case study concerning media reportage of the brief residence of a young West African, Eyo Ekpenyon Eyo II, in Colwyn Bay, Wales, in 1893. In a contextual examination of the press reaction to Eyo’s decision to abandon his British schooling, this article draws attention to the implicit, submerged inequalities, exemplified in the demand for gratitude, through which Victorian Britain articulated the affective qualities of white hegemony.
How to build an effective research network: lessons from two decades of the GARNet plant science community
Authors: Parry Geraint , Benitez-Alfonso Yoselin , Gibbs Daniel J , Grant Murray , Harper Andrea , Harrison C Jill , Kaiserli Eirini , Leonelli Sabina , May Sean , McKim Sarah , Spoel Steven , Turnbull Colin , van der Hoorn Renier A L , Murray James 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Successful collaborative research is dependent on excellent ideas and innovative experimental approaches, as well as the provision of appropriate support networks. Collaboration requires venues, infrastructures, training facilities, and, perhaps most importantly, a sustained commitment to work together as a community. These activities do not occur without significant effort, yet can be facilitated and overseen by the leadership of a research network that has a clearly defined role to help build resources for their community. Over the past 20 years, this is a role that the UKRI-BBSRC-funded GARNet network has played in the support of the UK curiosity-driven, discovery-led plant science research community. This article reviews the lessons learnt by GARNet in the hope that they can inform the practical implementation of current and future research networks.
Novel Algorithm for Automated Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement Using a Clustering Approach
Authors: Rajajee Venkatakrishna , Soroushmehr Reza , Williamson Craig A , Najarian Kayvan , Gryak Jonathan , Awad Abdelrahman , Ward Kevin R , Tiba Mohamad H 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Using ultrasound to measure optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been shown to be a useful modality to detect elevated intracranial pressure. However, manual assessment of ONSD by a human operator is cumbersome and prone to human errors. We aimed to develop and test an automated algorithm for ONSD measurement using ultrasound images and compare it to measurements performed by physicians.

Materials and Methods
Patients were recruited from the Neurological Intensive Care Unit. Ultrasound images of the optic nerve sheath from both eyes were obtained using an ultrasound unit with an ocular preset. Images were processed by two attending physicians to calculate ONSD manually. The images were processed as well using a novel computerized algorithm that automatically analyzes ultrasound images and calculates ONSD. Algorithm-measured ONSD was compared with manually measured ONSD using multiple statistical measures.

Results
Forty-four patients with an average/Standard Deviation (SD) intracranial pressure of 14 (9.7) mmHg were recruited and tested (with a range between 1 and 57 mmHg). A t-test showed no statistical difference between the ONSD from left and right eyes (P &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, a paired t-test showed no significant difference between the manually and algorithm-measured ONSD with a mean difference (SD) of 0.012 (0.046) cm (P &gt; 0.05) and percentage error of difference of 6.43% (P = 0.15). Agreement between the two operators was highly correlated (interclass correlation coefficient = 0.8, P = 0.26). Bland–Altman analysis revealed mean difference (SD) of 0.012 (0.046) (P = 0.303) and limits of agreement between −0.1 and 0.08. Receiver Operator Curve analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.965 (P &lt; 0.0001) with high sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion
The automated image-analysis algorithm calculates ONSD reliably and with high precision when compared to measurements obtained by expert physicians. The algorithm may have a role in computer-aided decision support systems in acute brain injury.
Proxima Centauri – the nearest planet host observed simultaneously with AstroSat, Chandra, and HST
Authors: Lalitha S , Schmitt J H M M , Singh K P , Schneider P C , Parke Loyd R O , France K , Predehl P , Burwitz V , Robrade J 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Our nearest stellar neighbour, Proxima Centauri, is a low-mass star with spectral type dM5.5 and hosting an Earth-like planet orbiting within its habitable zone. However, the habitability of the planet depends on the high-energy radiation of the chromospheric and coronal activity of the host star. We report the AstroSat, Chandra, and HST observation of Proxima Centauri carried out as part of the multiwavelength simultaneous observational campaign. Using the soft X-ray data, we probe the different activity states of the star. We investigate the coronal temperatures, emission measures and abundance. Finally, we compare our results with earlier observations of Proxima Centauri.
Measuring the masses of magnetic white dwarfs: a NuSTAR legacy survey
Authors: Shaw A W , Heinke C O , Mukai K , Tomsick J A , Doroshenko V , Suleimanov V F , Buisson D J K , Gandhi P , Grefenstette B W , Hare J , Jiang J , Ludlam R M , Rana V , Sivakoff G R 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The hard X-ray spectrum of magnetic cataclysmic variables can be modelled to provide a measurement of white dwarf mass. This method is complementary to radial velocity measurements, which depend on the (typically rather uncertain) binary inclination. Here, we present results from a Legacy Survey of 19 magnetic cataclysmic variables with NuSTAR. We fit accretion column models to their 20–78 keV spectra and derive the white dwarf masses, finding a weighted average $\bar{M}_{\rm WD}=0.77\pm 0.02$ M⊙, with a standard deviation σ = 0.10 M⊙, when we include the masses derived from previous NuSTAR observations of seven additional magnetic cataclysmic variables. We find that the mass distribution of accreting magnetic white dwarfs is consistent with that of white dwarfs in non-magnetic cataclysmic variables. Both peak at a higher mass than the distributions of isolated white dwarfs and post-common-envelope binaries. We speculate as to why this might be the case, proposing that consequential angular momentum losses may play a role in accreting magnetic white dwarfs and/or that our knowledge of how the white dwarf mass changes over accretion–nova cycles may also be incomplete.
High-throughput sequencing reveals landscapes of female germ cell development
Authors: Zhao Zheng-Hui , Schatten Heide , Sun Qing-Yuan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Female germ cell development is a highly complex process that includes meiosis initiation, oocyte growth recruitment, oocyte meiosis retardation and resumption and final meiotic maturation. A series of coordinated molecular signaling factors ensure successful oogenesis. The recent rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies allows for the dynamic omics in female germ cells, which is essential for further understanding the regulatory mechanisms of molecular events comprehensively. In this review, we summarize the current literature of multi-omics sequenced by epigenome-, transcriptome- and proteome-associated technologies, which provide valuable information for understanding the regulation of key events during female germ cell development.
Weak binding to the A2RE RNA rigidifies hnRNPA2 RRMs and reduces liquid–liquid phase separation and aggregation
Authors: Ryan Veronica H , Watters Scott , Amaya Joshua , Khatiwada Balabhadra , Venditti Vincenzo , Naik Mandar T , Fawzi Nicolas L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
hnRNPA2 is a major component of mRNA transport granules in oligodendrocytes and neurons. However, the structural details of how hnRNPA2 binds the A2 recognition element (A2RE) and if this sequence stimulates granule formation by enhancing phase separation of hnRNPA2 has not yet been studied. Using solution NMR and biophysical studies, we find that each of the two individual RRMs retain the domain structure observed in complex with RNA but are not rigidly confined (i.e. they move independently) in solution in the absence of RNA. hnRNPA2 RRMs bind the minimal rA2RE11 weakly but at least, and most likely, two hnRNPA2 molecules are able to simultaneously bind the longer 21mer myelin basic protein A2RE. Upon binding of the RNA, NMR chemical shift deviations are observed in both RRMs, suggesting both play a role in binding the A2RE11. Interestingly, addition of short A2RE RNAs or longer RNAs containing this sequence completely prevents in vitro phase separation of full-length hnRNPA2 and aggregation of the disease-associated mutants. These findings suggest that RRM interactions with specific recognition sequences alone do not account for nucleating granule formation, consistent with models where multivalent protein:RNA and protein:protein contacts form across many sites in granule proteins and long RNA transcripts.
Flavors Enhance Nicotine Vapor Self-administration in Male Mice
Authors: Cooper Skylar Y , Akers Austin T , Henderson Brandon J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Although the use of combustible cigarettes has decreased in many urban regions of America, the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has dramatically increased. ENDS, or electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), differ from combustible cigarettes given that there are no restrictions on flavorant additives in e-liquids. With 95% of ENDS users vaping flavored e-liquids, it is critical to understand how flavors alter vaping-related behaviors. We have previously shown that menthol and green apple flavors enhance nicotine reward-related behavior in a mouse model and in the present study have investigated how menthol and green apple flavors alter e-Vape self-administration behavior in male mice.

Methods
Adult C57/BL6J male mice were used in vapor-inhalation self-administration assays. Mice were assigned vaping e-liquids (6 mg/mL nicotine with or without menthol or green apple flavor) to escalate on a fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) schedule in daily 3-hour sessions to examine initiation-related behaviors. Following escalation, mice were transitioned to a FR3 and progressive ratio schedules in 3-hour sessions to examine reinforcement-related behaviors.

Results
Here we observed that male mice exhibited increased rates of self-administration escalation on a FR1 schedule when assigned to flavored e-liquids. Upon transition to FR3, mice continued to exhibit enhanced levels of reinforcement with flavored e-liquids. We also observed that mice self-administer zero-nicotine green apple flavored e-liquids.

Conclusions
These data provide additional evidence that ENDS flavors enhance vaping-related initiation and reinforcement-related behavior and promote the need to continue investigating the role ENDS flavors play in vaping-related behaviors.

Implications
There has been much discussion recently regarding the impact of flavors on vaping-related behavior. Our study here shows that flavors significantly enhance the acquisition and reinforcement of vaping-related behavior. This suggests that flavors in electronic nicotine delivery systems significantly increase the risk of addiction-related behaviors among users of vaping products.
Covid-19: statutory means of scrutinizing workers’ deaths and disease
Authors: Agius R M 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundBy law, covid-19 disease and deaths in workers may lead to coroners’ inquests and/or Health and Safety Executive (HSE) investigations.AimsThis study assesses the adequacy of these statutory means to yield recommendations for prevention of acquiring covid-19 infection from work.MethodsCovid-19 guidance from the chief coroner and the HSE was appraised, including using Office for National Statistics (ONS) data. Practitioners were asked to estimate the likelihood that covid-19 disease may have arisen from ‘near-miss’ scenarios. Data from the judiciary and the HSE were analysed.ResultsThe coroners’ guidance allowed a wider range of reports of death than did the HSE and conformed better with ONS data on covid-19 mortality by occupation. In the practitioner survey, 62 respondents considered a higher likelihood that reported covid-19 cases would have arisen from the scenario deemed unreportable as a ‘dangerous occurrence’ by HSE than the reportable scenario (P &lt; 0.001). On average there was only one coroner’s report to prevent future death from occupational disease every year in England and Wales. The HSE dealt with a yearly average of 1611 reports of work-related disease including 104 on biological agents, but has received about 9000 covid-19 reports.ConclusionsCurrent HSE guidance for reporting work-related covid-19 may miss many thousands of cases and needs further iteration. Coroners have very limited experience of inquiry into occupational disease caused by biological agents compared with the HSE. Concerns regarding national policy such as on protective equipment warrant a full public inquiry.