bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics meets lipidomics: Assessing the small molecule component of metabolism
Authors: Gallart‐Ayala Hector , Teav Tony , Ivanisevic Julijana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetabolomics, including lipidomics, is emerging as a quantitative biology approach for the assessment of energy flow through metabolism and information flow through metabolic signaling; thus, providing novel insights into metabolism and its regulation, in health, healthy ageing and disease. In this forward‐looking review we provide an overview on the origins of metabolomics, on its role in this postgenomic era of biochemistry and its application to investigate metabolite role and (bio)activity, from model systems to human population studies. We present the challenges inherent to this analytical science, and approaches and modes of analysis that are used to resolve, characterize and measure the infinite chemical diversity contained in the metabolome (including lipidome) of complex biological matrices. In the current outbreak of metabolic diseases such as cardiometabolic disorders, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolomics appears to be ideally situated for the investigation of disease pathophysiology from a metabolite perspective.
Ferritins in Chordata: Potential evolutionary trajectory marked by discrete selective pressures
Authors: Golan Maciej P. , Piłsyk Sebastian , Muszewska Anna , Wawrzyniak Agata 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFerritins (FTs) are iron storage proteins that are involved in managing iron‐oxygen balance. In our work, we present a hypothesis on the putative effect of geological changes that have affected the evolution and radiation of ferritin proteins. Based on sequence analysis and phylogeny reconstruction, we hypothesize that two significant factors have been involved in the evolution of ferritin proteins: fluctuations of atmospheric oxygen concentrations, altering redox potential, and changing availability of water rich in bioavailable ferric ions.Fish, ancient amphibians, reptiles, and placental mammals developed the broadest repertoire of singular FTs, attributable to embryonic growth in aquatic environments containing low oxygen levels and abundant forms of soluble iron. In contrast, oviparous land vertebrates, like reptiles and birds, that have developed in high oxygen levels and limited levels of environmental Fe2+ exhibit a lower diversity of singular FTs, but display a broad repertoire of subfamilies, particularly notable in early reptiles.
Denial and minimization among sex offenders
Authors: Dietz Park 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA review of empirical studies of offenders—particularly sex offenders, and more particularly those who offend against children—demonstrates that denial of offenses and minimization of offending behavior are quite common at every stage of the criminal justice process. This is true during police interviews, during pretrial and presentencing mental health evaluations, among incarcerated offenders, among offenders seeking treatment, among offenders facing parole review, and among offenders already released into the community. This review highlights gaps in the research literature arising from inconsistencies in the definitions and measurement of denial and minimization, from the stage of adjudication or treatment at which measurements are made, and from the use of polygraphy to increase disclosures. Despite these limitations on the generalizability of empirical findings, it appears beyond dispute that many sex offenders maintain their innocence in the face of evidence to the contrary or even criminal conviction, and that many are able to recite additional crimes they have committed when they believe it is in their self‐interest to do so.
Illuminating the dark figure of sexual recidivism
Authors: Abbott Brian R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDetected or reported (“observed”) rates of sexual reoffending have long been recognized as underestimating the occurrence of actual sexual recidivism. Past attempts to bridge the gap between the two rates have been unsuccessful. Scurich and John try to reverse this course by presenting a simulation model to estimate the predicted actual sexual recidivism rates among individuals convicted of sexual offenses based on three parameters; they also apply these data to calibrate the sexual recidivism rates from four sexual recidivism studies. The accuracy of the predicted actual sexual recidivism rates is wholly dependent upon the reliability of the inputs to the model. This analysis relies upon scientific studies and literature to delve into the precision of the parameters of Scurich and John in relation to the accuracy of their predicted actual sexual recidivism rates and the validity of the calibration process. The results reveal that some of the assumptions by Scurich and John about the parameters are supported empirically, while others are not. Overall, the simulation model parameters suffer from significant deficiencies that likely produce inaccurate predicted actual sexual recidivism rates. Moreover, the methodologies of the comparison studies used in the calibration process do not actually meet the requirements of the analytic strategy of Scurich and John, which effectively invalidates their findings. Until computational strategies are employed that account for linear and nonlinear effects of model parameters, closing the gap between observed and actual sexual recidivism rates will remain elusive.
Dissolution and Shrinking of a Single Microbubble in Stationary Liquid with Surfactants
Authors: Fujioka Satoko , Mizuno Kanako , Terasaka Koichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor a variety of applications of microbubbles, it is necessary to clarify the dissolution dynamics and the lifetime of a microbubble. Although various models have been proposed, predicting the dissolution rate of a microbubble in a static fluid with a surfactant is still difficult. In this study, dissolution behavior was predicted with taking into account the mass transfer inhibition effect due to a surfactant at the bubble surface. The shrinking behavior of an oxygen microbubble was observed with several surfactants and the experimental results were in good agreement with model predictions.
The Effects of Prodrug Size and a Carbonyl Linker on l‐Type Amino Acid Transporter 1‐Targeted Cellular and Brain Uptake
Authors: Venteicher Brooklynn , Merklin Kasey , Ngo Huy X. , Chien Huan‐Chieh , Hutchinson Keino , Campbell Jerome , Way Hannah , Griffith Joseph , Alvarado Cesar , Chandra Surabhi , Hill Evan , Schlessinger Avner , Thomas Allen A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe l‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5) imports dietary amino acids and amino acid drugs (e. g., l‐DOPA) into the brain, and plays a role in cancer metabolism. Though there have been numerous reports of LAT1‐targeted amino acid‐drug conjugates (prodrugs), identifying the structural determinants to enhance substrate activity has been challenging. In this work, we investigated the position and orientation of a carbonyl group in linking hydrophobic moieties including the anti‐inflammatory drug ketoprofen to l‐tyrosine and l‐phenylalanine. We found that esters of meta‐carboxyl l‐phenylalanine had better LAT1 transport rates than the corresponding acylated l‐tyrosine analogues. However, as the size of the hydrophobic moiety increased, we observed a decrease in LAT1 transport rate with a concomitant increase in potency of inhibition. Our results have important implications for designing amino acid prodrugs that target LAT1 at the blood‐brain barrier or on cancer cells.
Image Recording and Processing Chemical Synthesis: Method Description and Demonstration
Authors: Sousa David M. , Carlos Lima João , Ferreira Isabel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe reproducibility of chemical synthesis is of crucial importance for both chemical industry and research. The development of simple yet robust methods and algorithms that generate a set of data to help the community access their method's reproducibility is desirable. We report a method for obtaining, processing and analyzing recorded images, using scripting language Python 3, from any camera that allows continuous visualization and recording of a chemical synthesis. The method can be used to assert synthesis reproducibility, to capture reaction events that might elude the naked eye and later be isolated in posterior reactions, to refine synthesis parameters such as temperature, microwave power and time and also to understand chemical reactions during synthesis. The method was exemplified with two microwave‐assisted synthesis, zinc sulfide and silver sulfide, processed at our lab and applied to videos from other authors.
A T‐cell reporter platform for high‐throughput and reliable investigation of TCR function and biology
Authors: Müller Thomas R , Schuler Corinna , Hammel Monika , Köhler Amelie , Jutz Sabrina , Leitner Judith , Schober Kilian , Busch Dirk H , Steinberger Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTransgenic re‐expression enables unbiased investigation of T‐cell receptor (TCR)‐intrinsic characteristics detached from its original cellular context. Recent advancements in TCR repertoire sequencing and development of protocols for direct cloning of full TCRαβ constructs now facilitate large‐scale transgenic TCR re‐expression. Together, this offers unprecedented opportunities for the screening of TCRs for basic research as well as clinical use. However, the functional characterisation of re‐expressed TCRs is still a complicated and laborious matter. Here, we propose a Jurkat‐based triple parameter TCR signalling reporter endogenous TCR knockout cellular platform (TPRKO) that offers an unbiased, easy read‐out of TCR functionality and facilitates high‐throughput screening approaches.MethodsAs a proof‐of‐concept, we transgenically re‐expressed 59 human cytomegalovirus‐specific TCRs and systematically investigated and compared TCR function in TPRKO cells versus primary human T cells.ResultsWe demonstrate that the TPRKO cell line facilitates antigen‐HLA specificity screening via sensitive peptide‐MHC‐multimer staining, which was highly comparable to primary T cells. Also, TCR functional avidity in TPRKO cells was strongly correlating to primary T cells, especially in the absence of CD8αβ co‐receptor.ConclusionOverall, our data show that the TPRKO cell lines can serve as a surrogate of primary human T cells for standardised and high‐throughput investigation of TCR biology.
In the shadows of snow leopards and the Himalayas: density and habitat selection of blue sheep in Manang, Nepal
Authors: Filla Marc , Lama Rinzin Phunjok , Ghale Tashi Rapte , Signer Johannes , Filla Tim , Aryal Raja Ram , Heurich Marco , Waltert Matthias , Balkenhol Niko , Khorozyan Igor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is a growing agreement that conservation needs to be proactive and pay increased attention to common species and to the threats they face. The blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) plays a key ecological role in sensitive high‐altitude ecosystems of Central Asia and is among the main prey species for the globally vulnerable snow leopard (Panthera uncia). As the blue sheep has been increasingly exposed to human pressures, it is vital to estimate its population dynamics, protect the key populations, identify important habitats, and secure a balance between conservation and local livelihoods. We conducted a study in Manang, Annapurna Conservation Area (Nepal), to survey blue sheep on 60 transects in spring (127.9 km) and 61 transects in autumn (134.7 km) of 2019, estimate their minimum densities from total counts, compare these densities with previous estimates, and assess blue sheep habitat selection by the application of generalized additive models (GAMs). Total counts yielded minimum density estimates of 6.0–7.7 and 6.9–7.8 individuals/km2 in spring and autumn, respectively, which are relatively high compared to other areas. Elevation and, to a lesser extent, land cover indicated by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) strongly affected habitat selection by blue sheep, whereas the effects of anthropogenic variables were insignificant. Animals were found mainly in habitats associated with grasslands and shrublands at elevations between 4,200 and 4,700 m. We show that the blue sheep population size in Manang has been largely maintained over the past three decades, indicating the success of the integrated conservation and development efforts in this area. Considering a strong dependence of snow leopards on blue sheep, these findings give hope for the long‐term conservation of this big cat in Manang. We suggest that long‐term population monitoring and a better understanding of blue sheep–livestock interactions are crucial to maintain healthy populations of blue sheep and, as a consequence, of snow leopards.
Resource‐driven colonization by cod in a high Arctic food web
Authors: Johannesen Edda , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Tveraa Torkild , Shackell Nancy L. , Ellingsen Kari E. , Dolgov Andrey V. , Frank Kenneth T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Climate change is commonly associated with many species redistributions and the influence of other factors may be marginalized, especially in the rapidly warming Arctic.

The Barents Sea, a high latitude large marine ecosystem in the Northeast Atlantic has experienced above‐average temperatures since the mid‐2000s with divergent bottom temperature trends at subregional scales.

Concurrently, the Barents Sea stock of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, one of the most important commercial fish stocks in the world, increased following a large reduction in fishing pressure and expanded north of 80°N.

We examined the influence of food availability and temperature on cod expansion using a comprehensive data set on cod stomach fullness stratified by subregions characterized by divergent temperature trends. We then tested whether food availability, as indexed by cod stomach fullness, played a role in cod expansion in subregions that were warming, cooling, or showed no trend.

The greatest increase in cod occupancy occurred in three northern subregions with contrasting temperature trends. Cod apparently benefited from initial high food availability in these regions that previously had few large‐bodied fish predators.

The stomach fullness in the northern subregions declined rapidly after a few years of high cod abundance, suggesting that the arrival of cod caused a top‐down effect on the prey base. Prolonged cod residency in the northern Barents Sea is, therefore, not a certainty.
Territoriality, environment and hybrid governance tensions in alternative food networks: Cases of small‐scale viticulture in Chile
Authors: Letelier Eduardo , Aguayo Beatriz Cid , Saravia Pablo , Carroza Nelson , Vanhulst Julien 
Published: November 2020

AbstractViticulture and wine making are a key part of the socio‐ecological landscape of central and south‐central Chile. The sector is comprised of both dominant export‐oriented companies (oriented to monoculture and agribusiness) and traditional small‐scale production (more‐or‐less locally embedded and community oriented). Since the 1990s, different small‐scale viticulture organizations emerged to deal with different challenges imposed by globalisation in a neoliberal institutional setting which favours extractive forms of productions (environmental resource intensive). In this article, we use the Alternative Food Network (AFN) theoretical framework and hybrid governance approach to analyse the governance tensions in five small‐scale viticulture organisations from Marga‐Marga, Lontué and Itata valleys. Using interviews and social cartography as methods, the study shows how the territorial strategies of AFNs shape governance tensions on three dimensions: geographic space, environmental resources and human relations. Finally, the article proposes a conceptual framework to understand the relationship between scalar dynamics and the socio‐environmental core values, strategic objectives and societal missions of AFNs.
Inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa in adolescents: A 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Meule Adrian , Schrambke Dominic , Furst Loredo Artur , Schlegl Sandra , Naab Silke , Voderholzer Ulrich 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveInpatient treatment effectively increases body weight and decreases eating disorder symptoms in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, there is a high risk of relapse within the first year after discharge, which calls for investigating long‐term treatment success and its moderators.MethodFemale adolescent inpatients with AN (N = 142) were assessed, of which 85% participated at 1‐year follow‐up. Dependent variables were body mass index percentiles, eating disorder symptoms, depressive symptoms, compulsive exercise and life satisfaction.ResultsOn average, body weight increased and eating disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms decreased from admission to discharge and remained stable at follow‐up. Compulsive exercise decreased and life satisfaction increased from admission to discharge and even improved further at follow‐up. Age, duration of illness, previous inpatient treatments, length of stay and readmission after discharge moderated changes in several outcome variables.ConclusionsThis study confirms the high effectiveness of inpatient treatment for adolescents with AN and demonstrates that treatment effects remain stable or even improve further within the first year after discharge. However, subgroups of patients (e.g., those with an older age, longer duration of illness, and previous inpatient treatments) require special attention during inpatient treatment and aftercare to prevent relapse.
Optimization of fermentation conditions for production of l‐arabinose isomerase of Lactobacillus plantarum WU14
Authors: Sun Zhijun , Miao Tingting , Yin Aiguo , Qiu Hulin , Xiao Yunyi , Li Ying , Hai Jinping , Xu Bo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs a substitute sweetener for sucrose, d‐tagatose is widely used in products, such as health drinks, yogurt, fruit juices, baked goods, confectionery, and pharmaceutical preparations. In the fermentation process of l‐AI produced by Lactobacillus plantarum, d‐tagatose is produced through biotransformation and this study was based on the fermentation process of Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 producing l‐AI to further research the biotransformation and separation process of d‐tagatose. The kinetics of cell growth, substrate consumption, and l‐arabinose isomerase formation were established by nonlinear fitting, and the fitting degrees were 0.996, 0.994, and 0.991, respectively, which could better reflect the change rule of d‐tagatose biotransformation in the fermentation process of L. plantarum WU14. The separation process of d‐tagatose was identified by decolorization, protein removal, desalination, and freeze drying, initially. Finally, the volume ratio of whole cell catalysts, d‐galactose, and borate was 5:1:2 at 60°C, pH 7.17 through borate complexation; then, after 24 hr of conversion, the yield of d‐tagatose was 58 g/L.
Childhood circumstances and young adulthood outcomes: The role of mothers' financial problems
Authors: Clark Andrew E. , D'Ambrosio Conchita , Barazzetta Marta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe here consider the cognitive and noncognitive consequences on young adults of growing up with a mother who reported experiencing major financial problems. We use UK data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children to show that early childhood financial problems are associated with worse adolescent cognitive and noncognitive outcomes, controlling for both income and a set of standard variables, and in value‐added models controlling for children's earlier age‐5 outcomes. The estimated effect of financial problems is almost always larger in size than that of income. Around one‐quarter to one‐half of the effect of financial problems on the noncognitive outcomes seems to transit through mother's mental health.
Significance of the ratio interferon‐γ/interleukin‐4 in early diagnosis and immune mechanism of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Peng Yizhi , Yin Sheng , Wang Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the significance of T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokines in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA), and reveal the value of single cytokines and their proportions in early diagnosis.MethodsA total of 44 URSA patients (URSA group), 51 patients with adverse pregnancy history (ad‐pregnancy group), and 42 healthy volunteers with normal pregnancy (pregnancy group) were recruited for a cross‐sectional study from July 2018 to April 2019 in the Second Xiangya Hospital. Pregnancies involving chromosomal abnormalities, infection, autoimmune diseases, and anatomical abnormalities were excluded. Flow cytometry was used to determine the level of Th1/Th2 cytokines in peripheral blood.ResultsThe level of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in the peripheral blood of the ad‐pregnancy group was significantly higher than in the other two groups. The ratio of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)/IL‐4 in the URSA group was significantly higher than that of the pregnancy group. The area under the curve for IFN‐γ/IL‐4 was 0.821, with high diagnostic efficiency, and sensitivity as high as 84.09%.ConclusionLaboratory testing for IL‐6 is not recommended for the diagnosis or monitoring of URSA. The variable IFN‐γ/IL‐4 can be used for the initial diagnosis of URSA to reduce the rate of missed diagnosis. This ratio was more important than the expression of a single cytokine in the Th1/Th2 immune response.
An integrated feature frame work for automated segmentation of COVID‐19 infection from lung CT images
Authors: Selvaraj Deepika , Venkatesan Arunachalam , Mahesh Vijayalakshmi G. V. , Joseph Raj Alex Noel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease (SARS‐CoV‐2 or COVID‐19) is spreading across the world and is affecting public health and the world economy. Artificial Intelligence (AI) can play a key role in enhancing COVID‐19 detection. However, lung infection by COVID‐19 is not quantifiable due to a lack of studies and the difficulty involved in the collection of large datasets. Segmentation is a preferred technique to quantify and contour the COVID‐19 region on the lungs using computed tomography (CT) scan images. To address the dataset problem, we propose a deep neural network (DNN) model trained on a limited dataset where features are selected using a region‐specific approach. Specifically, we apply the Zernike moment (ZM) and gray level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) to extract the unique shape and texture features. The feature vectors computed from these techniques enable segmentation that illustrates the severity of the COVID‐19 infection. The proposed algorithm was compared with other existing state‐of‐the‐art deep neural networks using the Radiopedia and COVID‐19 CT Segmentation datasets presented specificity, sensitivity, sensitivity, mean absolute error (MAE), enhance‐alignment measure (EMφ), and structure measure (Sm) of 0.942, 0.701, 0.082, 0.867, and 0.783, respectively. The metrics demonstrate the performance of the model in quantifying the COVID‐19 infection with limited datasets.