bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LUCC‐Driven Changes in Gross Primary Production and Actual Evapotranspiration in Northern China
Authors: Li Congcong , Zhang Yongqiang , Shen Yanjun , Kong Dongdong , Zhou Xinyao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) are the key variables in global carbon and water cycle, respectively. Therefore, it is important to understand how they respond to land use and land cover change (LUCC). Northern China has experienced dramatic LUCC because of a large‐scale ecological restoration project implemented since 1999. This study uses a diagnostic model (PML‐V2) driven by satellite data to quantify LUCC‐driven changes in GPP and ET, at 500 m resolution in northern China from 2004 to 2017. The results indicate that the GPP and ET of northern China has increased by 164 TgC year−1 and 13 km3 year−1. The GPP and ET are strongly increased in the Loess Plateau and Northeast China Plain in the research period, especially after 2009. Cropland has the highest GPP change of 184 gC m−2 year−1 was in Loess Plateau, followed by the Northeast China Plain (128 gC m−2 year−1) and then the Inner Mongolia Plateau (82 gC m−2 year−1). The highest ET increase of 45 mm year−1 occurs in shrubland in the Loess Plateau, followed by the increase of 20 mm year−1 in the Northeast China Plain. The increase in leaf area index is the major cause of GPP and ET increases for these regions. Our results suggest that it is necessary to carefully plan the afforestation and other land use change patterns for sustainable water resources management.
Identification of Sca-1+Abcg1+ bronchioalveolar epithelial cells as the origin of lung adenocarcinoma in Gprc5a-knockout mouse model through the interaction between lung progenitor AT2 and Lgr5 cells
Authors: Yin Huijing , Jiang Zhengyu , Feng Xu , Ji Zhaodong , Jin Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe reason for the reduced efficacy of lung cancer therapy is the existence of lung cancer stem cells (CSCs). Targeting CSCs results in evolved phenotypes with increased malignancy, leading to therapy failure. Here, we propose a new therapeutic strategy: investigating the “transitional” cells that represent the stage between normal lung stem cells and lung CSCs. Identifying and targeting the key molecule that drives carcinogenesis to inhibit or reverse this process would thus provide new perspectives for early diagnosis and intervention in lung cancer. We used Gprc5a-knockout (KO) mice, the first animal model of spontaneous lung adenocarcinoma established by the deletion of a single lung tumor suppressor gene. We investigated the interaction of lung progenitor cells AT2 with Lgr5 cells in the generation of CSCs and related signaling mechanism. In the present study, using Gprc5a-KO mice, we found the initiator Sca-1+Abcg1+ subset with a CSC-like phenotype within the lung progenitor AT2 cell population in mice that had not yet developed tumors. We confirmed the self-renewal and tumor initiation capacities of this subset in vitro, in vivo, and clinical samples. Mechanistically, we found that the generation of Sca-1+Abcg1+ cells was associated with an interaction between AT2 and Lgr5 cells and the subsequent activation of the ECM1-α6β4-ABCG1 axis. Importantly, Sca-1+Abcg1+ and SPA+ABCG1+ cells specifically existed in the small bronchioles of Gprc5a-KO mice and patients with pneumonia, respectively. Thus, the present study unveiled a new kind of lung cancer-initiating cells (LCICs) and provided potential markers for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
BET protein inhibitor JQ1 downregulates chromatin accessibility and suppresses metastasis of gastric cancer via inactivating RUNX2/NID1 signaling
Authors: Zhou Siqi , Zhang Shu , Wang Lei , Huang Shuling , Yuan Yue , Yang Jie , Wang Hui , Li Xihan , Wang Pin , Zhou Lin , Yang Jun , Xu Yuemei , Gao Huan , Zhang Yixuan , Lv Ying , Zou Xiaoping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChromatin accessibility is critical for tumor development, whose mechanisms remain unclear. As a crucial regulator for chromatin remodeling, BRD4 promotes tumor progression by regulating multiple genes. As a small-molecule inhibitor of BRD4, JQ1 has potent chemotherapeutic activity against various human cancers. However, whether JQ1 has potential anti-tumor effects and how JQ1 regulates global transcription in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown. In this research, we found BRD4 was highly expressed in GC tissues and was significantly associated with poor prognosis. JQ1 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of GC cells in vitro. Besides, JQ1 suppressed the migration and invasion of cancer cells by inducing MET. Notably, an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) data showed that JQ1 obviously downregulated the chromatin accessibility of GC cells and differentially accessible regions were highly enriched for RUNX2-binding motifs. Combinational analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data discovered NID1 as the downstream target of JQ1 and JQ1 reduced NID1 expression in GC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter gene assay, and rescue experiments all confirmed that RUNX2/NID1 axis was responsible for JQ1-inhibiting metastasis of GC cells. What’s more, high expression of NID1 in GC tissues also predicted poor survival outcome of cancer patients and NID1 knockdown prohibited migration and invasion of cancer cells via partially inducing MET. Finally, in vivo models showed that JQ1 prevented GC growth and suppressed cancer metastasis. In conclusion, JQ1 inhibits the malignant progression of GC by downregulating chromatin accessibility and inactivating RUNX2/NID1 signaling. In addition, NID1 is also a novel therapeutic target for progressive GC patients.
Lactic acidosis induces resistance to the pan-Akt inhibitor uprosertib in colon cancer cells
Authors: Barnes Emily M. E. , Xu Yitao , Benito Adrian , Herendi Lili , Siskos Alexandros P. , Aboagye Eric O. , Nijhuis Anke , Keun Hector C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAkt signalling regulates glycolysis and drives the Warburg effect in cancer, thus decreased glucose utilisation is a pharmacodynamic marker of Akt inhibition. However, cancer cells can utilise alternative nutrients to glucose for energy such as lactate, which is often elevated in tumours together with increased acidity. We therefore hypothesised that lactic acidosis may confer resistance to Akt inhibition.MethodsThe effect of the pan-Akt inhibitor uprosertib (GSK2141795), on HCT116 and LS174T colon cancer cells was evaluated in the presence and absence of lactic acid in vitro. Expression of downstream Akt signalling proteins was determined using a phosphokinase array and immunoblotting. Metabolism was assessed using1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, stable isotope labelling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.ResultsLactic acid-induced resistance to uprosertib was characterised by increased cell survival and reduced apoptosis. Uprosertib treatment reduced Akt signalling and glucose uptake irrespective of lactic acid supplementation. However, incorporation of lactate carbon and enhanced respiration was maintained in the presence of uprosertib and lactic acid. Inhibiting lactate transport or oxidative phosphorylation was sufficient to potentiate apoptosis in the presence of uprosertib.ConclusionsLactic acidosis confers resistance to uprosertib, which can be reversed by inhibiting lactate transport or oxidative metabolism.
Rationale for reconsidering current regulations restricting use of hybrids in orange juice
Authors: Stover Ed , Gmitter Frederick G. , Grosser Jude , Baldwin Elizabeth , Wu Guohong Albert , Bai Jinhe , Wang Yu , Chaires Peter , Motamayor Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuanglongbing (HLB) is a disease that has devastated the Florida citrus industry, threatens the entire U.S. citrus industry, and globally is rapidly spreading. Florida’s citrus production is 90% sweet orange, which is quite sensitive to HLB. The heavy reliance on sweet orange for Florida citrus production makes the industry especially vulnerable to diseases that are damaging to this type of citrus. Furthermore, 90% of Florida oranges are used in producing orange juice that is defined by a federal regulation known as the “orange juice standard”, specifying that at least 90% of “orange juice” must be derived fromCitrus sinensis. Genomic analyses definitively reveal that sweet orange is not a true species, but just one of many introgression hybrids ofC. reticulataandC. maxima, with phenotypic diversity resulting from accumulated mutations in this single hybrid, the “sweet orange”. No other fruit industry is limited by law to such a narrow genetic base. Fortunately, there are new citrus hybrids displaying reduced sensitivity to HLB, and in some cases they produce juice, alone or in blends, that consumers would recognize as “orange juice”. Reconsidering current regulations on orange juice standards may permit use of such hybrids in “orange juice”, providing greater latitude for commercialization of these hybrids, leading to higher-quality orange juice and a more sustainable Florida orange juice industry.
Evidence of metasomatism in the interior of Vesta
Authors: Zhang Ai-Cheng , Kawasaki Noriyuki , Bao Huiming , Liu Jia , Qin Liping , Kuroda Minami , Gao Jian-Feng , Chen Li-Hui , He Ye , Sakamoto Naoya , Yurimoto Hisayoshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiogenites are a group of meteorites that are derived from the interior of the largest protoplanet Vesta. They provide a unique opportunity to understanding together the internal structure and dynamic evolution of this protoplanet. Northwest Africa (NWA) 8321 was suggested to be an unbrecciated noritic diogenite meteorite, which is confirmed by our oxygen and chromium isotopic data. Here, we find that olivine in this sample has been partly replaced by orthopyroxene, troilite, and minor metal. The replacement texture of olivine is unambiguous evidence of sulfur-involved metasomatism in the interior of Vesta. The presence of such replacement texture suggests that in NWA 8321, the olivine should be of xenolith origin while the noritic diogenite was derived from partial melting of pre-existing rocks and had crystallized in the interior of Vesta. The post-Rheasilvia craters in the north-polar region on Vesta could be the potential source for NWA 8321.
Nanohybrids of a MXene and transition metal dichalcogenide for selective detection of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Chen Winston Yenyu , Jiang Xiaofan , Lai Sz-Nian , Peroulis Dimitrios , Stanciu Lia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides, known as MXenes, have been recently receiving attention for gas sensing. However, studies on hybridization of MXenes and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides as gas-sensing materials are relatively rare at this time. Herein, Ti3C2Tx and WSe2 are selected as model materials for hybridization and implemented toward detection of various volatile organic compounds. The Ti3C2Tx/WSe2 hybrid sensor exhibits low noise level, ultrafast response/recovery times, and good flexibility for various volatile organic compounds. The sensitivity of the hybrid sensor to ethanol is improved by over 12-fold in comparison with pristine Ti3C2Tx. Moreover, the hybridization process provides an effective strategy against MXene oxidation by restricting the interaction of water molecules from the edges of Ti3C2Tx. An enhancement mechanism for Ti3C2Tx/WSe2 heterostructured materials is proposed for highly sensitive and selective detection of oxygen-containing volatile organic compounds. The scientific findings of this work could guide future exploration of next-generation field-deployable sensors.
Metallomics reveals a persisting impact of cadmium on the evolution of metal-selective snail metallothioneins
Authors: Dallinger Reinhard , Zerbe Oliver , Baumann Christian , Egger Bernhard , Capdevila Mercé , Palacios Òscar , Albalat Ricard , Calatayud Sara , Ladurner Peter , Schlick-Steiner Birgit C , Steiner Florian M , Pedrini-Martha Veronika , Lackner Reinhard , Lindner Herbert , Dvorak Martin , Niederwanger Michael , Schnegg Raimund , Atrian Silvia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The tiny contribution of cadmium (Cd) to the composition of the earth’s crust contrasts with its high biological significance, owing mainly to the competition of Cd with the essential zinc (Zn) for suitable metal binding sites in proteins. In this context it was speculated that in several animal lineages, the protein family of metallothioneins (MTs) has evolved to specifically detoxify Cd. Although the multi-functionality and heterometallic composition of MTs in most animal species does not support such an assumption, there are some exceptions to this role, particularly in animal lineages at the roots of animal evolution. In order to substantiate this hypothesis and to further understand MT evolution, we have studied MTs of different snails that exhibit clear Cd-binding preferences in a lineage-specific manner. By applying a metallomics approach including 74 MT sequences from 47 gastropod species, and by combining phylogenomic methods with molecular, biochemical, and spectroscopic techniques, we show that Cd selectivity of snail MTs has resulted from convergent evolution of metal-binding domains that significantly differ in their primary structure. We also demonstrate how their Cd selectivity and specificity has been optimized by the persistent impact of Cd through 430 million years of MT evolution, modifying them upon lineage-specific adaptation of snails to different habitats. Overall, our results support the role of Cd for MT evolution in snails, and provide an interesting example of a vestigial abiotic factor directly driving gene evolution. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of our findings for studies devoted to the understanding of mechanisms leading to metal specificity in proteins, which is important when designing metal-selective peptides.
Sitting, squatting, and the evolutionary biology of human inactivity
Authors: Raichlen David A. , Pontzer Herman , Zderic Theodore W. , Harris Jacob A. , Mabulla Audax Z. P. , Hamilton Marc T. , Wood Brian M. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Inactivity is a growing public health risk in industrialized societies, leading some to suggest that our bodies did not evolve to be sedentary. Here, we show that, in a group of hunter-gatherers, time spent sedentary is similar to that found in industrialized populations. However, sedentary time in hunter-gatherers is often spent in postures like squatting that lead to higher levels of muscle activity than chair sitting. Thus, we suggest human physiology likely evolved in a context that included substantial inactivity, but increased muscle activity during sedentary time, suggesting an inactivity mismatch with the more common chair-sitting postures found in contemporary urban populations.
Common power laws for cities and spatial fractal structures
Authors: Mori Tomoya , Smith Tony E. , Hsu Wen-Tai 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Socioeconomic attributes of cities (e.g., wages, education, industrial diversity, and crime) exhibit strong correlations with city size, as measured by population. It has thus been a major research objective to characterize and explain city-size distributions. Whereas city-size distributions are known to exhibit power laws at the country level, we find that they exhibit strikingly similar power laws when examined along a spatial hierarchy of regions within a country. Such a high degree of similarity could not be obtained if city sizes were generated by a random (growth) process. The fact that this regularity emerges along spatial dimensions in a recursive manner suggests the existence of spatial fractal structures. However, such estimated common power laws differ markedly across countries.
Potent CRISPR-Cas9 inhibitors fromStaphylococcusgenomes
Authors: Watters Kyle E. , Shivram Haridha , Fellmann Christof , Lew Rachel J. , McMahon Blake , Doudna Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2020

SignificanceMany mobile genetic elements contain anti-CRISPRs (Acrs) to evade host CRISPR defenses. Acrs have been discovered that inhibit therapeutically relevant CRISPR-Cas gene editors such as Cas12 and Cas9, including many inhibitors forStreptococcus pyogenesCas9 (SpyCas9). However, there are few inhibitors known for the Cas9 fromStaphylococcus aureus(SauCas9), which is both highly active in human cells and easier to deliver than SpyCas9 due to its smaller size. In this work, we search withinStaphylococcusgenomes for Acrs able to inhibit SauCas9. We discover three Acrs (AcrIIA13, AcrIIA14, and AcrIIA15) and demonstrate all three are able to inhibit CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Our findings highlight the utility of our Acr search method for finding Acrs against specific Cas nucleases.
The Tol-Pal system is required for peptidoglycan-cleaving enzymes to complete bacterial cell division
Authors: Yakhnina Anastasiya A. , Bernhardt Thomas G. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria presents a formidable barrier for the entry of antibiotics and is a significant contributor to the intrinsic drug resistance of these organisms. The highly conserved Tol-Pal complex has long been known to be required for the proper biogenesis of this surface layer, with its main function commonly believed to be promoting outer membrane constriction during cell division. In this report, we show that the machinery is needed to promote the cleavage of cell wall glycans at the division site to promote daughter cell separation. Thus, the Tol-Pal system may play multiple roles during cell division to ensure that outer membrane invagination and cell wall processing are properly coordinated.
Ostrich eggshell bead strontium isotopes reveal persistent macroscale social networking across late Quaternary southern Africa
Authors: Stewart Brian A. , Zhao Yuchao , Mitchell Peter J. , Dewar Genevieve , Gleason James D. , Blum Joel D. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Hunter-gatherers like the Ju/’hoãnsi (!Kung) San use exchange networks to dampen subsistence and reproductive risks, but almost nothing is known of how, when, and why such practices emerged. Strontium isotope analysis of one preferred San exchange item, ostrich eggshell beads, from highland Lesotho shows that since the late Middle Stone Age ∼33 ka, such networks connected ecologically complementary regions over minimal distances of several hundred kilometers. Rapidly changing environmental conditions during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (∼59 to 25 ka) likely placed a premium on developing effective means of mitigating subsistence and demographic risks, with ostrich eggshell beads providing a uniform medium of personal decoration and exchange highly suitable for binding together extended open social networks.
On streams and lakes
Authors: Castor Theresa R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article advances the notion of metaventriloquism by bringing together the concepts of metacommunication and
ventriloquism (Cooren 2010). Metaventriloquism is when one makes claims regarding who or what
another is speaking behalf of. To explore the implications of metaventriloquism, a public hearing related to a community water controversy
is analyzed. The analysis illustrates how metaventriloquism may be used as a form of critique and operates retrospectively in claiming what
motivated another, and prospectively in claiming what another should do. The implications of metaventriloquism for the construction of
technological risks are also explored.
Is dialogue addictive?
Authors: Katambwe Jo M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, we shed some light on the thinking behind Facebook addiction. Since social network system are dialogical
communication tools, we carve out a space for a theoretical and methodological alternative to the research on social media addiction, as it
relates specifically to Facebook addiction. Based on several meta-evaluations and synthesis of extant empirical research, we uncover the two
most prominent functionalist approaches sustaining these empirical researches. Upon pointing to their epistemological, theoretical and
methodological limitations, we delve into dialogic approach and theory with a view to isolate how and what it is in a dialogic communication
that makes it addictive. Finally, we offer some theoretical and methodological alternatives from a dialogical perspective on how to study
Facebook addiction.
Beyond critical education for sustainable consumption
Authors: Chueh Ho-chia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper empirically supports environmental courses and activities based upon ‘parental altruism’ as an
effective environmental education in developing citizen’s pro-environmental values, attitudes, and behaviors. This is a case study
of the Homemaker’s Union Consumer Cooperation (HUCC), a prominent environmental consumer non-profit organization in Taiwan with
over 70000 members. Re-examining Paulo Freire’s critical dialogical pedagogy, this study uses Paul Stern’s three levels of value
orientation to investigate changes of HUCC members’ consumption behaviors. The courses and activities with parental-care are
efficiently received by members than those of critical knowledge with the environment in terms of developing pro-environmental
behaviors. Parental altruism is the key in changing consumer’s environmental values. This finding contributes to rethinking the
meaning of dialogue in environmental education.
Constructing others and dialoguewith them in the course of publiceducational meetings
Authors: Vasilyeva Alena L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The study explores public educational meetings that aim to promote the Belarusian language and culture. In the
course of the meetings, those who do not have the same values and are not present during meetings are brought up into a
conversation. In other words, the voice of the others who are not part of the community gets involved in the dialogue.
Besides, some of the invited guests do not speak Belarusian and part of the audience is not necessarily interested in
learning Belarusian but rather attends these meetings to meet with those guests. In this respect, the study explores the
interactional resources the hosts and the attendees use to construct the dialogue with the other in their absence and in
their presence. It investigates who is considered to be the other and how the other is discursively constructed.
Numerical study of the stress concentration factor in geometries of machine elements using Ansys® and Inventor®
Authors: Acevedo Román L F , Ardila J G , Valdes M , Castro A , López Quintero J G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the present study the stress concentration factor by the finite element method in a round bar grooved axially under tension, a stepped flat plate subjected to bending and a stepped round bar subjected to torsion can be found. The stress concentration factor was obtained in the simulation laboratory through the commercial software ANSYS Workbench® version 19 and Autodesk Inventor 2016® and they were compared with the experimental curves enunciated in Peterson book, finding similarities up to 0.02% between simulation and experimental methods; and 0.3% between both pieces of software.
Estimation of the dispersion parameter in a population dynamics model of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei)
Authors: Santander L D , Carmona P C , Acosta-Minoli C A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe main pest insect in coffee countries is the coffee berry borer(hypothenemus hampei), which impacts the coffee crops negatively. In this work, we estimate the dispersion parameter on a partial differential equation to model the population distribution in space of the coffee berry borer. To estimate the parameter, we use a technique based on the analytical resolution of the partial differential, data collected from a coffee farm to set up initial and boundary conditions, and the Bootstrap method. Results allow us to estimate the dispersion parameter with a coefficient of variation of 13%.