bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illness‐related intrusive thoughts and illness anxiety disorder
Authors: Arnáez Sandra , García‐Soriano Gemma , López‐Santiago Jose , Belloch Amparo 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionIntrusive thoughts about health threats (illness‐ITs) are a potential cognitive risk factor for the development and maintenance of illness anxiety disorder (IAD). This study analyzes the dimensionality of illness‐ITs from normalcy to psychopathology, and it evaluates whether the appraisals instigated by the Its mediate between these thoughts and IAD symptoms.MethodsTwo groups of individuals participated in the study and completed the Illness Intrusive Thoughts Inventory and the Whiteley Index. The first group was composed of 446 non‐clinical community participants. Of them, 264 individuals (68.6% women; Mage = 30.03 [SD = 13.83]) reported having experienced an upsetting illness‐IT in the past three months and were then included in the main analyses. The second group included 31 patients with a current main diagnosis of IAD based on DSM‐5 criteria (51.6% women; Mage = 32.74 [SD = 9.69]). Their severity was assessed with the Hypochondriasis Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale ‐Modified version, with scores ranging from 15 to 58 (M = 46.12, SD = 9.41).ResultsIllness‐ITs are common in both non‐clinical individuals and in patients with IAD, and they instigate dysfunctional emotional, cognitive, and behavioral consequences, although with greater intensity in patients than in non‐clinical individuals. The relationship between illness‐ITs and IAD is mediated by overestimation of threat and thought‐action fusion‐probability appraisals.ConclusionIllness‐ITs are a dimensional cognitive experience. The way they are appraised facilitates their escalation into symptoms of IAD.Practitioner points

Provides support for the cognitive explanatory model of IAD and its usefulness in clinical practice.

Indicates that the way people interpret and react to naturally occurring intrusive thoughts about illness seems to be a vulnerability marker for developing an illness anxiety disorder.

Emphasizes that the meaning that patients with IAD ascribe to their intrusive thoughts about illnesses must be a main target in the cognitive‐behavioral treatment of IAD.

Suggests that the importance of intrusive thoughts in IAD does not lie in the frequency with which they are experienced, but in the way, they are appraised/interpreted, which is what determines whether they become a clinically significant symptom.

Indicates that the relationship between illness intrusive thoughts and IAD symptoms in non‐clinical individuals is based on: overestimating the negative consequences of experiencing an illness intrusive thought; and the appraisal that having such a thought would increase its likelihood of coming true.

Shows that the frequency of illness‐related intrusive cognitions is associated with worse cognitive and behavioral consequences.
Rotavirus genotype and Vesikari score of outpatients in Japan in the vaccine era
Authors: Ono Mayumi , Tsugawa Takeshi , Nakata Shuji , Kondo Kenji , Tatsumi Masatoshi , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Yukihiko 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundGroup A rotaviruses (RVs) are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis among infants and young children. In Japan, RV vaccines were introduced in 2011, leading to a reduction in severe gastroenteritis cases. Studies are required to assess the effectiveness of the vaccines and their effect on the prevalence of RV genotypes.MethodsFecal samples were collected from outpatients with RV gastroenteritis in a pediatric clinic in Sapporo, Japan, from 2010 to 2016. GPI genotypes were determined using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. Clinical information and immunization records were obtained from outpatients after 2013. GPI genotypes and clinical features were compared between patients with and without a RV vaccine history.ResultsIn total, 270 cases were genotyped. G1P[8]I1 (Wa‐like G1P[8]) strains were dominant from 2010 to 2012. G1P[8]I2 (DS‐1‐like G1P[8]) strains appeared in 2012 and dominated in 2013 to 2015. G2P[4]I2 and G9P[8]I1 strains increased every 3 years (G2P[4]I2: 2011 and 2014, G9P[8]I1: 2010, 2013 and 2016). After the 2013 season, 137 cases were collected, 24 of which were vaccinated. Cases requiring drip infusion were fewer in the vaccination group than in the non‐vaccination group (16.7% vs 52.2%). No patients required hospitalization in the vaccination group compared with 10.6% in the non‐vaccination group. A severe Vesikari score was less common in the vaccination group than in the non‐vaccination group (33.3% vs 78.8%). There was no significant difference in the GPI genotype distribution between the two groups.ConclusionRotaviruses vaccine effectiveness, regardless of GPI genotype, was confirmed in terms of alleviation of disease severity.
Uncinate fasciculus disruption relates to poor recognition of negative facial emotions in Alzheimer's disease: a cross‐sectional diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Takahashi Masato , Kitamura Soichiro , Matsuoka Kiwamu , Yoshikawa Hiroaki , Yasuno Fumihiko , Makinodan Manabu , Kimoto Sohei , Miyasaka Toshiteru , Kichikawa Kimihiko , Kishimoto Toshifumi 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundRecognising facial emotions involves visual and emotional information processing. Patients with dementia, including dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT), are known to poorly recognise facial emotions, especially negative facial emotions. In this study, we aimed to assess if DAT patients exhibit poor facial emotional recognition, and to identify a neural basis for how poor facial emotional recognition might occur.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis were conducted in 20 DAT patients and 15 cognitive normal (CN) subjects. The uncinate fasciculus (UF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus were delineated by deterministic tractography. DTI parameters were calculated for each fibre. Facial emotion recognition was evaluated with the Facial Emotion Selection Test (FEST). The relationships between FEST scores and DTI parameters in each fibre were measured by partial correlation analyses with age, gender, and the Mini‐Mental State Examination as covariates. Group‐wise comparisons between DAT and CN subjects were performed for each DTI parameter in each fibre.ResultsDAT patients showed lower FEST negative emotion scores than CN subjects (P < 0.05). The score of negative emotion subscale was negatively correlated (r = −0.770, P < 0.001) to mean diffusivity of the left UF in DAT patients. There were no relationships between negative emotion subscale and the other fibre tracts. DAT patients showed no differences in the DTI parameters for each fibre compared to CN subjects.ConclusionsDAT‐related prefrontal‐limbic network dysfunction is associated with poor recognition of unpleasant emotions; consequently, worse facial recognition of negative emotion is observed in DAT patients.
Electrocortical dynamics differentiate athletes exhibiting low‐ and high‐ ACL injury risk biomechanics
Authors: Bonnette Scott , Diekfuss Jed A. , Grooms Dustin R. , Kiefer Adam W. , Riley Michael A. , Riehm Christopher , Moore Charles , Barber Foss Kim D. , DiCesare Christopher A. , Baumeister Jochen , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are physically and emotionally debilitating for athletes,while motor and biomechanical deficits that contribute to ACL injury have been identified, limited knowledge about the relationship between the central nervous system (CNS) and biomechanical patterns of motion has impeded approaches to optimize ACL injury risk reduction strategies. In the current study it was hypothesized that high‐risk athletes would exhibit altered temporal dynamics in their resting state electrocortical activity when compared to low‐risk athletes. Thirty‐eight female athletes performed a drop vertical jump (DVJ) to assess their biomechanical risk factors related to an ACL injury. The athletes' electrocortical activity was also recorded during resting state in the same visit as the DVJ assessment. Athletes were divided into low‐ and high‐risk groups based on their performance of the DVJ. Recurrence quantification analysis was used to quantify the temporal dynamics of two frequency bands previously shown to relate to sensorimotor and attentional control. Results revealed that high‐risk participants showed more deterministic electrocortical behavior than the low‐risk group in the frontal theta and central/parietal alpha‐2 frequency bands. The more deterministic resting state electrocortical dynamics for the high‐risk group may reflect maladaptive neural behavior—excessively stable deterministic patterning that makes transitioning among functional task‐specific networks more difficult—related to attentional control and sensorimotor processing neural regions.
Androgen receptor, aromatase, oestrogen receptor α/β and G protein‐coupled receptor 30 expression in the testes and epididymides of adult sheep
Authors: Ge Wenbo , Xiao Longfei , Duan Hongwei , Jiang Yuting , Lv Jianshu , Ding Ziqiang , Hu Junjie , Zhao Xingxu , Zhang Yong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in reproduction, and aromatase (P450arom), nuclear oestrogen receptors (ERs) α and β, and G protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) are important for testicular and epididymal cell proliferation and development. In the study, we have investigated the expression and localization of AR, P450arom, ERα, ERβ and GPR30 in testes and epididymides of sexually mature sheep by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrate that the AR, P450arom and ERα levels in the caput and corpus epididymis were significantly lower than those in the testis and cauda epididymis (p < .05), the ERβ level in the testis was significantly higher than in the caput, corpus and cauda epididymis (p < .05), and the GPR30 level in the caput epididymis was significantly lower than in the testis and corpus and cauda epididymis (p < .05). These receptors were mainly detected in epididymal epithelial, basal, smooth muscle, Sertoli and Leydig cells, as well as in spermatozoa. Taken together, the results suggest that sheep epididymides and testes have the potential for estradiol synthesis and are the targets of both androgens and estradiol. These results provide a foundation for further studies on the mechanisms of androgens and estradiol signalling in the testes and epididymides of sheep.
Against the De Minimis Principle
Authors: Lundgren Björn , Stefánsson H. Orri 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAccording to the class of de minimis decision principles, risks can be ignored (or at least treated very differently from other risks) if the risk is sufficiently small. In this article, we argue that a de minimis threshold has no place in a normative theory of decision making, because the application of the principle will either recommend ignoring risks that should not be ignored (e.g., the sure death of a person) or it cannot be used by ordinary bounded and information‐constrained agents.
RWAc and SDOc: The measurement of right‐wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation in childhood
Authors: Ruffman Ted , Ruffman Charlie , Hill Sarah , Turunc Gamze , Park Noel , Du Kangning , Hayhurst Jill , Kang Jie , Selçuk Bilge , Regenbrecht Holger , Philipp Michael C. , Hunter John A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRight‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) predict prejudice and discrimination in adults. To create analogous scales for children, we carried out four studies. First, we gave 112 adults from New Zealand (Study 1) and 146 adults from Turkey (Study 2) novel child‐appropriate measures of RWA and SDO, along with the standard adult measures. The two RWA measures correlated more highly with each other than with the SDO measures, and the two SDO measures correlated more highly with each other than with the RWA measures. Study 3 tested 75 children aged 6 to 12, finding acceptable to good reliability for the two child scales. Child RWA (RWAc) and SDO (SDOc) decreased significantly over age. SDOc correlated with maternal SDO and RWA, and RWAc correlated with children's racial bias. Study 4 examined the RWAc scale with 39 children aged 5 to 11 years. There was good reliability for the RWAc scale and a correlation with anti‐fat prejudice. Overall, the findings indicate that: (a) the scales are reliable, (b) SDOc correlates with parental attitudes, (c) RWAc correlates with children's prejudice, and (d) RWA and SDO are present early in life and decline with age.
Measurement of skin hydration with a portable device (SkinUp® Beauty Device) and comparison with the Corneometer®
Authors: Westermann Thais V. A. , Viana Vinicius Rodrigues , Berto Junior Clemilson , Detoni da Silva Cassia Britto , Carvalho Edison Luis Santana , Pupe Carolina G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpidermis hydration measurement is an important tool to assess its health. SkinUp® is a portable device that measures moisture and oil levels of skin through impedance method, it is cheap and has small dimensions, but this equipment has not yet been cited in the scientific literature. Thus, the objective of this work was to validate SkinUp® equipment by comparing its results with Corneometer® CM825.Materials and MethodsTwenty subjects had skin hydration measurement on forearm, cheeks, and forehead. Measurements obtained with the two instruments were correlated by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient and the P‐value significance. The sensitivity of the equipment to different regions and treatments and their accuracy were also evaluated.ResultsPositive correlations between equipment were found for skin hydration, with P ≤ .001. Both instruments presented high sensitivity to the different treatments (P < .001). When sensitivity to different regions was evaluated, both showed greater hydration in the cheek and forehead when compared to the forearm (P < .005). The measurements between the cheek and forehead showed no significant difference when compared to each other. In addition, the two devices have good repeatability in the measurements.ConclusionThese results indicate that SkinUp® can be used in the future for skin analysis in in vivo assays.
Optimizing the u411 automated urinalysis instrument for veterinary use
Authors: Evans Samantha J. M. , Sharp Julia L. , Vap Linda M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Cobas u411 Analyzer (Roche Diagnostics) is an automated, reflectance photometry‐based urinalysis instrument designed for use with Roche's CHEMSTRIP 10UA technology and human urine samples.ObjectiveWe aimed to optimize and validate the Cobas u411 Analyzer for use in canine and feline urinalysis.MethodsPatient urine samples presenting to the Clinical Pathology Laboratory at the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were analyzed with the Cobas u411 and by manual readings in parallel. Initially, 223 canine and 83 feline urine samples were run using the u411 factory settings. Following comparisons with manual results, and evaluation for directional bias, adjustments to the reflectance values were made in the instrument's programming. An additional 183 canine and 95 feline samples were run using the adjusted settings. Total urine protein concentrations were measured in 48 samples and used to generate receiver operating characteristic curves for the protein test pad.ResultsFollowing adjustments in reflectance programming, concordance between u411 and manual results was increased by 17.7% for protein, 11.7% for ketones, and 4.5% for bilirubin. Concordances for pH, glucose, and blood were not substantially changed. Discordance for all analytes was ≤3%. Canine and feline samples had similar levels of discordance, though marginal concordance was higher in dogs for ketones, bilirubin, and blood.ConclusionsAdjustments to the reflectance programming of the Cobas u411 Analyzer improved concordance with manual results for canine and feline samples. This instrument has the potential to greatly increase both efficiency and consistency of urinalysis procedures in higher throughput veterinary diagnostic laboratories.
Diagnosis and treatment of demodicosis in dogs and cats
Authors: Mueller Ralf S. , Rosenkrantz Wayne , Bensignor Emmanuel , Karaś‐Tęcza Joanna , Paterson Tara , Shipstone Michael A. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundDemodicosis is a common disease in small animal veterinary practice worldwide with a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic options.ObjectivesTo provide consensus recommendations on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of demodicosis in dogs and cats.Methods and materialsThe authors served as a Guideline Panel (GP) and reviewed the literature available before December 2018. The GP prepared a detailed literature review and made recommendations on selected topics. A draft of the document was presented at the North American Veterinary Dermatology Forum in Maui, HI, USA (May 2018) and at the European Veterinary Dermatology Congress in Dubrovnik, Croatia (September 2018) and was made available via the World Wide Web to the member organizations of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology for a period of three months. Comments were solicited and responses were incorporated into the final document.ConclusionsIn young dogs with generalized demodicosis, genetic and immunological factors seem to play a role in the pathogenesis and affected dogs should not be bred. In old dogs and cats, underlying immunosuppressive conditions contributing to demodicosis should be explored. Deep skin scrapings are the diagnostic gold standard for demodicosis, but trichograms and tape squeeze preparations may also be useful under certain circumstances. Amitraz, macrocyclic lactones and more recently isoxazolines have all demonstrated good efficacy in the treatment of canine demodicosis. Therapeutic selection should be guided by local drug legislation, drug availability and individual case parameters. Evidence for successful treatment of feline demodicosis is strongest for lime sulfur dips and amitraz baths.
Meta‐analysis of public perception toward xenotransplantation
Authors: Mitchell Chace , Lipps Alan , Padilla Luz , Werkheiser Zoie , Cooper David K. C. , Paris Wayne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe shortage of donor organs for transplantation is an international problem. One promising option to meet the need is xenotransplantation (XTx; eg, pig‐to‐human). However, there are still questions surrounding XTx that must be answered before proceeding to clinical trials. The current work is a meta‐analysis of articles published between 1985 and 2019 to analyze the factors most strongly associated with agreement and opposition toward the procedure. Although 80% (41/51) of the published studies were related to the opinions of patients, only three provided sufficient data for analysis. Thus, the bulk of what we really know about attitudes toward XTx comes from students, stakeholders, and hospital staff. The findings suggest that, before proceeding from the laboratory to clinical trials, more directed research is necessary from individual programs to achieve sufficient understanding of the attitudes of patients and the broader public, and the level of risk that is acceptable to these groups.
Eocene–Oligocene sea‐level fall drove amphipod habitat shift from marine to freshwater in the Far East
Authors: Li Yulong , Li Shuqiang , Liu Hongguang , Kurenshchikov Dmitry K. , Hou Zhonge 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Eocene–Oligocene sea‐level fall has been viewed as a primary driver of biological succession. We used Anisogammaridae living in both marine and freshwater habitats to test the hypothesis that Eocene–Oligocene sea‐level fall can explain the marine–freshwater habitat shift in the Far East. We obtained three mitochondrial and two nuclear fragments for 138 samples representing 31 species, covering marine and freshwater habitats from latitudes 24 to 50°N. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that freshwater Anisogammaridae is monophyletic. Divergence‐time estimation and ancestral range reconstruction indicate that the family originated from a marine habitat in the North Pacific region during the Eocene and separated between marine and freshwater lineages at 38 Ma. The freshwater lineage diversified at 27 Ma, and further diverged into lotic and lentic clades. Our results suggest that the Eocene–Oligocene sea‐level fall provided an opportunity for marine‐derived Anisogammaridae to shift to new freshwater habitats. The freshwater anisogammarids dispersed from north to south, resulting in the restriction of current marine species restricted to the latitudes 35–50°N and the range of freshwater species in latitudes 24–40°N. Deep divergences within the freshwater lineage were related to the separation of lotic and lentic environments and the opening of the Japan Sea.
The disruption of invariant natural killer T cells exacerbates cardiac hypertrophy and failure caused by pressure overload in mice
Authors: Takahashi Masashige , Kinugawa Shintaro , Takada Shingo , Kakutani Naoya , Furihata Takaaki , Sobirin Mochamad Ali , Fukushima Arata , Obata Yoshikuni , Saito Akimichi , Ishimori Naoki , Iwabuchi Kazuya , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
We questioned whether the disruption of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells exacerbates left ventricular (LV) remodelling and heart failure after transverse aortic constriction in mice.

What are the main findings and their importance?
Pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction increased the infiltration of iNKT cells in mouse hearts. The disruption of iNKT cells exacerbated LV remodelling and hastened the transition from hypertrophy to heart failure, in association with the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling. Activation of iNKT cells modulated the immunological balance in this process and played a protective role against LV remodelling and failure.

AbstractChronic inflammation is involved in the development of cardiac remodelling and heart failure (HF). Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a subset of T lymphocytes, have been shown to produce various cytokines and orchestrate tissue inflammation. The pathophysiological role of iNKT cells in HF caused by pressure overload has not been studied. In the present study, we investigated whether the disruption of iNKT cells affected this process in mice. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and a sham operation were performed in male C57BL/6J wild‐type (WT) and iNKT cell‐deficient Jα18 knockout (KO) mice. The infiltration of iNKT cells was increased after TAC. The disruption of iNKT cells exacerbated left ventricular (LV) remodelling and hastened the transition to HF after TAC. Histological examinations also revealed that the disruption of iNKT cells induced greater myocyte hypertrophy and a greater increase in interstitial fibrosis after TAC. The expressions of interleukin‐10 and tumour necrosis factor‐α mRNA and their ratio in the LV after TAC were decreased in the KO compared with WT mice, which might indicate that the disruption of iNKT cells leads to an imbalance between T‐helper type 1 and type 2 cytokines. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase was significantly increased in the KO mice. The disruption of iNKT cells exacerbated the development of cardiac remodelling and HF after TAC. The activation of iNKT cells might play a protective role against HF caused by pressure overload. Targeting the activation of iNKT cells might thus be a promising candidate as a new therapeutic strategy for HF.