bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Initiative to Decrease Time to Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Open Fractures Is Durable After 2 Years
Authors: Goodman Avi D. , Modest Jacob M. , Johnson Joey P. , Hayda Roman A. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
A simple antibiotic prophylaxis initiative can effectively decrease the time to antibiotic administration for patients with open fractures. We aim to determine whether adherence to the protocol decreased over time without active input from the orthopaedic trauma team.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with open fractures (excluding hand) presenting directly to the emergency department at one Level I trauma center. Three separate 50-patient groups were included: a preimplementation cohort, immediately postimplementation cohort, and a retention cohort 2 years later. The primary outcome was time from emergency department presentation to antibiotic administration, and secondary outcomes were the percentage of patients receiving antibiotics within 60 minutes and incidence of infection requiring revision surgery within 90 days. The χ2 and Student t-tests evaluated between-group differences, and multivariable linear or logistic regression evaluated risk factors.

Results:
After implementation, the time from presentation to antibiotic administration decreased markedly from 123.1 to 35.7 minutes and remained durable (50.0 minutes) at retention. The proportion of patients receiving antibiotics within 60 minutes increased markedly from 46% preimplementation to 82% postintervention and remained similar at retention (80%). The postintervention and retention groups were markedly more likely to receive antibiotics within 60 minutes than the preintervention group (odds ratio [OR], 8.4 and 4.7, respectively), as were patients with a higher Gustilo-Anderson type (OR, 2.4/unit increase), lower extremity injury (OR, 2.8), and male sex (OR, 3.1); mechanism, age, and Injury Severity Score were not associated. No difference was observed in infection.

Conclusions:
Our educational initiative showed durable results in reducing the time from presentation to antibiotic administration after 2 years.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III
Dosimetric impact of the positioning variation of tumor treating field electrodes in the PriCoTTF‐phase I/II trial
Authors: Nour Youness , Pöttgen Christoph , Kebir Sied , Lazaridis Lazaros , Lüdemann Lutz , Guberina Maja , Gauler Thomas , Scheffler Björn , Jabbarli Ramazan , Pierscianek Daniela , Sure Ulrich , Schmidt Teresa , Oster Christoph , Hau Peter , Glas Martin , Lübcke Wolfgang , Stuschke Martin , Guberina Nika 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the present study based on the PriCoTTF‐phase I/II trial is the quantification of skin‐normal tissue complication probabilities of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme treated with Tumor Treating Field (TTField) electrodes, concurrent radiotherapy, and temozolomide. Furthermore, the skin‐sparing effect by the clinically applied strategy of repetitive transducer array fixation around their center position shall be examined.Material and MethodsLow‐dose cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of all fractions of the first seven patients of the PriCoTTF‐phase I/II trial, used for image guidance, were applied for the dosimetric analysis, for precise TTField transducer array positioning and contour delineation. Within this trial, array positioning was varied from fixation‐to‐fixation period with a standard deviation of 1.1 cm in the direction of the largest variation of positioning and 0.7 cm in the perpendicular direction. Physical TTField electrode composition was examined and a respective Hounsfield Unit attributed to the TTField electrodes. Dose distributions in the planning CT with TTField electrodes in place, as derived from prefraction CBCTs, were calculated and accumulated with the algorithm Acuros XB. Dose‐volume histograms were obtained for the first and second 2 mm scalp layer with and without migrating electrodes and compared with those with fixed electrodes in an average position. Skin toxicity was quantified according to Lyman's model. Minimum doses in hot‐spots of 0.05 cm2 and 25 cm2 (D0.05cm2, D25cm2) size in the superficial skin layers were analyzed.ResultsNormal tissue complication probabilities (NTCPs) for skin necrosis ranged from 0.005% to 1.474% (median 0.111%) for the different patients without electrodes. NTCP logarithms were significantly dependent on patient (P < 0.0001) and scenario (P < 0.0001) as classification variables. Fixed positioning of TTField arrays increased skin‐NTCP by a factor of 5.50 (95%, CI: 3.66–8.27). The variation of array positioning increased skin‐NTCP by a factor of only 3.54 (95%, CI: 2.36–5.32) (P < 0.0001, comparison to irradiation without electrodes; P = 0.036, comparison to irradiation with fixed electrodes). NTCP showed a significant rank correlation with D25cm2 over all patients and scenarios (rs = 0.76; P < 0.0001).ConclusionSkin‐NTCP calculation uncovers significant interpatient heterogeneity and may be used to stratify patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups of skin toxicity. Array position variation may mitigate about one‐third of the increase in surface dose and skin‐NTCP by the TTField electrodes.
Increased atrial fibrillation risk in Parkinson’s disease: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Han Seokmoon , Moon Inki , Choi Eue‐Keun , Han Kyung‐Do , Cho Hae‐Chan , Lee Seo‐Young , Yang Seokhun , Kwon Soonil , Choi You‐jung , Lee Hyun‐Jung , Lee Euijae , Lee So‐Ryung , Oh Seil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder associated with various morbidities. Although the relationship between cardiovascular disease and PD has been studied, a paucity of information on PD and atrial fibrillation (AF) association exists. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether patients with PD have an increased risk of AF.MethodsThis study included 57,585 patients with newly diagnosed PD (≥40‐year‐old, mean age 69.7 years, men 40.2%) and without a history of AF from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database between 2010 and 2015. Furthermore, an equal number of age‐ and sex‐matched subjects without PD were selected for comparison. The primary outcome was new‐onset AF.ResultsDuring the mean follow‐up period of 3.4 ± 1.8 years, AF was newly diagnosed in 3,665 patients. A significantly higher incidence rate of AF was noted among patients with PD than among patients without PD (10.75 and 7.86 per 1000 person‐year, respectively). Multivariate Cox‐regression analysis revealed that PD was an independent risk factor for AF (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.36). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that AF risk was higher in the younger age subgroups, and compared with the non‐PD group, the youngest PD group (age: 40–49 years) had a threefold increased risk of AF (HR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.20–7.77).InterpretationPatients with PD, especially the younger age subgroups, have an increased risk of AF. Active surveillance and management of AF should be considered to prevent further complications.
Coupling particle scale model and SuperDEM‐CFD for multiscale simulation of biomass pyrolysis in a packed bed pyrolyzer
Authors: Gao Xi , Yu Jia , Lu Liqiang , Rogers William A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn efficient biomass pyrolysis process requires a comprehensive understanding of the chemical and physical phenomena that occur at multi‐length and time scales. In this study, a multiscale computational approach was developed and validated for biomass pyrolysis in a packed‐bed reactor by integrating pyrolysis kinetics, a particle scale model, and Superquadric Discrete Element Method‐Computational Fluid Dynamics (SuperDEM‐CFD) in open‐source code MFiX. A one‐dimensional particle–scale model that discretizes the characteristic length of biomass particle into layers was developed to predict the intraparticle phenomena inside a single particle. The 1D model was validated by comparing it with a single biomass particle pyrolysis experiment. A recently developed SuperDEM‐CFD model was employed to simulate the non‐spherical particle–particle contact and fluid‐particle interaction. The coupled model was applied to simulate the pyrolysis of cubic biomass particles in a packed bed and validated by comparing with experimental data. Simulation with and without particle–scale model was compared, and the effect of the gas–solid heat transfer models was also investigated.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection and radiofrequency ablation for patients with flat‐type esophageal squamous cell neoplasia
Authors: Chou Yeh‐Pin , Tai Wei‐Chen , Lu Lung‐Sheng , Yao Chih‐Chien , Wu Keng‐Liang , Chuah Seng‐Kee , Lin Chih‐Yun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated that endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are effective for patients with flat‐type esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN). In the present study, we aimed to report the outcomes achieved using these two endoscopic treatments. Patients who underwent ESD or RFA for flat‐type ESCN at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between January 2011 and December 2016 were included in this retrospective chart review. Treatment outcome, procedure time, and complication and recurrence rates were compared. Among 35 patients with flat‐type ESCN enrolled, 31 were treated with ESD and 4 with RFA. Overall mean age was 58.34 ± 11.5 years; 32 patients were men and 3 were women. The mean procedure times were 138.13 ± 101.47 minutes for ESD and 26.75 ± 11.1 minutes for RFA (P < .05). Complications occurred in 2 of the 31 patients (6.5%) in the ESD group—a perforation and a stricture. Further, one of the four patients after single RFA (25%) experienced a stricture. Recurrences occurred in three out of the four patients (75%) after single RFA; however, none occurred in patients in the ESD group. Of these recurrences, one was a submucosal invasion that was cured using photodynamic therapy followed by esophagectomy, whereas the other two were small focal epithelial recurrences that were cured using cap‐assisted endoscopic mucosal resection. No further recurrences were noted. ESD for flat‐type ESCN is effective for the eradication of ESCN. RFA for flat‐type ESCN carries a high risk of recurrence.
Epstein‐Barr virus infection manifested by hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, and acute cerebellar ataxia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Chou Shao‐Ju , Hsieh Cheng‐Yu , Chang Li‐Jen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe described the case of an adult who presented with acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) after Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. We also reviewed the literature on the pathogenesis of ACA due to EBV infection using the Pubmed database. A 25‐year‐old man suffered from fever, sore throat, and poor appetite. Ataxia with nausea and vomiting developed in the following disease course. Laboratory tests showed atypical leukocytosis and hepatitis. The serological test confirmed a recent EBV infection. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was unremarkable, so was brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He was diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis and ACA. He fully recovered after conservative treatment. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of EBV‐associated central nervous system (CNS) manifestations could be categorized as a direct viral invasion of tissue and a postinfectious immune response. Most patients with ACA after EBV infection could be managed with supportive care. The diagnosis of ACA after EBV infection is typically made based on clinical symptoms and signs along with serological detection of EBV‐specific antibodies.
The Effect of SMN Gene Dosage on ALS Risk and Disease Severity
Authors: Moisse Matthieu , Zwamborn Ramona A. J. , van Vugt Joke , van der Spek Rick , van Rheenen Wouter , Kenna Brendan , Van Eijk Kristel , Kenna Kevin , Corcia Philippe , Couratier Philippe , Vourc'h Patrick , Hardiman Orla , McLaughin Russell , Gotkine Marc , Drory Vivian , Ticozzi Nicola , Silani Vincenzo , de Carvalho Mamede , Mora Pardina Jesús S. , Povedano Monica , Andersen Peter M. , Weber Markus , Başak Nazli A. , Chen Xiao , Eberle Michael A. , Al‐Chalabi Ammar , Shaw Chris , Shaw Pamela J. , Morrison Karen E. , Landers John E. , Glass Jonathan D. , Robberecht Wim , van Es Michael , van den Berg Leonard , Veldink Jan , Van Damme Philip ,   Project MinE Sequencing Consortium
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThe role of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) gene in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is unclear, with several conflicting reports. A decisive result on this topic is needed, given that treatment options are available now for SMN deficiency.MethodsIn this largest multicenter case control study to evaluate the effect of SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers in ALS, we used whole genome sequencing data from Project MinE data freeze 2. SMN copy numbers of 6,375 patients with ALS and 2,412 controls were called from whole genome sequencing data, and the reliability of the calls was tested with multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification data.ResultsThe copy number distribution of SMN1 and SMN2 between cases and controls did not show any statistical differences (binomial multivariate logistic regression SMN1 p = 0.54 and SMN2 p = 0.49). In addition, the copy number of SMN did not associate with patient survival (Royston‐Parmar; SMN1 p = 0.78 and SMN2 p = 0.23) or age at onset (Royston‐Parmar; SMN1 p = 0.75 and SMN2 p = 0.63).InterpretationIn our well‐powered study, there was no association of SMN1 or SMN2 copy numbers with the risk of ALS or ALS disease severity. This suggests that changing SMN protein levels in the physiological range may not modify ALS disease course. This is an important finding in the light of emerging therapies targeted at SMN deficiencies. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:686–697
S100A8 promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and metastasis under TGF‐β/USF2 axis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Si , Zhang Jun , Qian Senmi , Wu Xuesong , Sun Liang , Ling Tianyi , Jin Yao , Li Wenxiao , Sun Lichao , Lai Maode , Xu Fangying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) pathway plays a pivotal role in inducing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a key step in cancer invasion and metastasis. However, the regulatory mechanism of TGF‐β in inducing EMT in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully elucidated. In previous studies, it was found that S100A8 may regulate EMT. This study aimed to clarify the role of S100A8 in TGF‐β‐induced EMT and explore the underlying mechanism in CRC.MethodsS100A8 and upstream transcription factor 2 (USF2) expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 412 CRC tissues. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was performed. In vitro, Western blot, and migration and invasion assays were performed to investigate the effects of S100A8 and USF2 on TGF‐β‐induced EMT. Mouse metastasis models were used to determine in vivo metastasis ability. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were used to explore the role of USF2 on S100A8 transcription.ResultsDuring TGF‐β‐induced EMT in CRC cells, S100A8 and the transcription factor USF2 were upregulated. S100A8 promoted cell migration and invasion and EMT. USF2 transcriptionally regulated S100A8 expression by directly binding to its promoter region. Furthermore, TGF‐β enhanced the USF2/S100A8 signaling axis of CRC cells whereas extracellular S100A8 inhibited the USF2/S100A8 axis of CRC cells. S100A8 expression in tumor cells was associated with poor overall survival in CRC. USF2 expression was positively related to S100A8 expression in tumor cells but negatively related to S100A8‐positive stromal cells.ConclusionsTGF‐β was found to promote EMT and metastasis through the USF2/S100A8 axis in CRC while extracellular S100A8 suppressed the USF2/S100A8 axis. USF2 was identified as an important switch on the intracellular and extracellular S100A8 feedback loop.
Isothermal redox cycling of A‐ and B‐site substituted manganite‐based perovskites for CO2 conversion
Authors: Shrestha Pradeep , Nair Mahesh M. , Mahinpey Nader 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConversion of CO2 into fuels and valuable chemicals can simultaneously address two major global issues: climate change and the increasing energy demand. Most of the previous studies regarding the thermochemical splitting of CO2 into CO have been carried out at elevated temperatures of up to 1400°C. In this study, under isothermal reaction conditions, manganite‐based perovskites are used to convert CO2 to CO in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). In addition, the use of CH4 as a reducing agent has lowered the reaction temperatures (≤900°C). This study primarily focuses on the influence of A‐ and B‐site substitution on the redox performances of the manganite‐based perovskites. Based on the redox performances of four samples (CaMnO3, La0.5Ca0.5MnO3, La0.5Sr0.5MnO3, and Y0.5Sr0.5MnO3) with different A‐site compositions, La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 displays the best stability. Similarly, in the La1‐xSrxMnO3 perovskite family (x = 0.5, 0.25, and 0.10), the performance of La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 outshines the other two compositions. It is observed that as the Sr content increases, the activation energy for reduction decreases. Substituting Mn with Al and Fe in the B‐site of the La1‐xSrxMnO3 perovskite, did not enhance the performance. The perovskite materials investigated have shown decrease in activity after the first cycle, possibly due to sintering and powder densification. However, after the first cycle, the perovskites illustrated good stability for 10 redox cycles. In this paper, size variance and metal‐oxygen bond strength provide the best explanation for the trends observed during the reduction of the perovskites.
Uncarialins J—M from Uncaria rhynchophylla and Their Anti‐depression Mechanism in Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress‐Induced Mice via Activating 5‐HT1A Receptor
Authors: Yu Zhen‐Long , Bai Rong , Zhou Jun‐Jun , Huang Hui‐Lian , Zhao Wen‐Yu , Huo Xiao‐Kui , Yang Ya‐Hui , Luan Zhi‐Lin , Zhang Bao‐Jing , Sun Cheng‐Peng , Ma Xiao‐Chi 
Published: January 2021

Main observation and conclusionUncaria rhynchophylla has been widely used to treat central nervous system diseases for a long history. After investigation of U. rhynchophylla, eleven monoterpene indole alkaloids, including four new compounds uncarialins J—M (1—4) and seven known analogues (5—11), were isolated and identified. Their structural characterization was conducted using HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and quantum chemical computations. Compounds 1, 2, 7, and 9—11 displayed significant agonistic effects towards 5‐HT1A receptor, and their EC50 values were 7.86, 7.32, 2.24, 1.18, 1.52, and 3.75 μmol/L, respectively. Furthermore, in vivo experimental results fully revealed that hirsuteine (7) displayed a significant antidepression effect in unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)‐induced depression mice mainly via regulating 5‐HT1A signaling pathway. Molecular docking and site‐directed amino acid mutation verified that amino acid residues Asp116 and Asn386 were the binding sites of hirsuteine (7) with 5‐HT1A receptor. In addition, pre‐treatment of mice with WAY 100635 also blocked the anti‐depression effect of hirsuteine (7), which further demonstrated that 5‐HT1A receptor was a potential target of hirsuteine (7) to effectively treat depression. These findings indicated the therapeutic material basis of U. rhynchophylla and the anti‐depression underlying mechanism of hirsuteine (7), and further provided the useful guidance for the development of hirsuteine (7) as a potential antidepressant candidate.
Assessment of chilling injury in hypothermic stored boar spermatozoa by multicolor flow cytometry
Authors: Jäkel Helen , Henning Heiko , Luther Anne‐Marie , Rohn Karl , Waberski Dagmar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHypothermic storage of boar semen may allow antibiotic‐free semen preservation but is limited due to chilling sensitivity of boar spermatozoa. Progress in this area requires sensitive tools to detect chilling injury. Therefore, multiparameter flow cytometry panels were evaluated to ascertain whether they are useful tools for identifying sublethal damage of sperm function at a single cell level, thus considering the high intrinsic sperm heterogeneity in a sample. The first fluorochrome panel consisted of Hoechst 33342 to identify DNA‐containing events, Yo‐Pro 1 to detect viability, merocyanine 540 to describe membrane fluidity, and PNA‐Alexa Fluor™ 647 to identify acrosomic integrity. The second fluorochrome panel consisted of SiR700‐DNA to identify DNA‐containing events, JC‐1 to characterize the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP), and Calbryte 630 to assess the intracellular calcium level. Extended boar semen was stored either at 17°C (control) or 5°C (chilled). It is shown that chilling increased membrane fluidity in the viable (Yo‐Pro 1 negative) sperm population at 24 h (p < 0.05). At 144 h, the viable, acrosomic intact sperm population with low membrane fluidity was similar for both storage temperatures. Moreover, chilling reduced the main sperm population with high MMP, medium fluorescence for JC‐1 monomer and low intracellular calcium level (p < 0.05). However, after in vitro sperm capacitation, this population did not differ between the two storage temperatures. Exemplary computational data visualization in t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE) maps and moving radar plots revealed similar subpopulations as identified by three‐dimensional stacked bar charts. In conclusion, sperm surviving an initial chilling injury withstand long‐term storage and respond in a similar manner to capacitation conditions as sperm stored conventionally at 17°C. Multicolor flow cytometry is a valuable tool for detecting chilling‐induced alterations of cell function in sperm subpopulations.
A fault tolerance metaheuristic‐based scheme for controller placement problem in wireless software‐defined networks
Authors: Samarji Nivine , Salamah Muhammed 
Published: January 2021

SummarySoftware‐defined networking (SDN) paradigm has become the master solver for traditional network restrictions. The fundamental concept of SDN is moving the control plane into one or more servers called controllers and confining the data plane to several forwarding network elements allowing dynamic and flexible network management. A critical challenging issue in SDN‐based network architecture is the controller placement problem (CPP) that is an NP‐hard problem. Trends of researches try solving the CPP based on evolutionary algorithms focusing on either propagation delay or balancing the load among distributed controllers. In this paper, we have proposed a fault tolerance metaheuristic‐based scheme for CPP in wireless software‐defined networks, named FTMBS. The aim of our proposed FTMBS scheme is as follows: maximizing the network connectivity, maximizing the load balance among controllers, minimizing the worst‐case latency between controllers and associated nodes and between controllers themselves, and maximizing the network lifetime. When dealing with a multi‐objective‐based scheme, a trade‐off exists mainly when these multi‐objective metrics compete with each other, and it will be up to the decision maker to decide on this trade‐off. We have considered a network of 500 randomly distributed sensor nodes and demonstrated various simulations for different network performance metrics and concluded that three controllers are enough for such networks. For performance evaluation, we have verified our solutions to be close to Pareto optimal ones provided by non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II).