bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olive Oil from “Sikitita” under Super‐High‐Density Planting System in California: Impact of Harvest Time and Crop Season
Authors: Polari Juan J. , Mori Mary , Wang Selina C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract“Sikitita” is a relatively new olive cultivar obtained from crossbreeding between “Picual” and “Arbequina” that can be trained into the super‐high‐density orchard system. The impact of harvest time and crop season (2017 and 2018) on fruit parameters, oil quality, and minor compounds was assessed for super‐high‐density “Sikitita” in California, USA. Maximum olive fruit oil content (~49% on a dry basis) was reached between the first and second weeks of November. Quality parameters were within limits for extra virgin classification for all harvest times during both crop seasons. While total phenols were affected by harvest time, crop year, and their interaction, total volatile content was mainly influenced by harvest time. Both phenolic and volatile compounds reached a maximum concentration by the first week of October, suggesting that harvesting at the beginning of October would lead to a richer oil in terms of minor components. However, oil yield can be maximized if the harvest takes place in November. Our results demonstrated fruit parameters, oil quality, and minor compounds of super‐high‐density “Sikitita” followed a similar pattern and reached comparable values in both years, despite an earlier maturation in 2018. “Sikitita” has potential as a viable cultivar for growers and processors who are looking to expand on the traditional super‐high‐density cultivars.
In Situ Observation and Physical–Chemical Characteristics of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Kernel Olein Crystals Obtained from Acetone Fractionation
Authors: Mahisanunt Busakorn , Hondoh Hironori , Klinkesorn Utai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHard fat stocks containing highly saturated fats are a necessary ingredient for fabrication of trans‐free plastic fats. Crystal fractions obtained from the fractionation of fats naturally containing saturated fatty acids (SFA) may be a promising approach to produce the desired hard fat stocks. Influences of cooling rate (0.4, 2.0 and 10.0 °C·min−1) and fractionation temperature (15 and 20 °C) on the formation of solid fat crystals of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) kernel olein (RKOle) during acetone fractionation were examined using in situ observation with polarized light microscopy (PLM). The resulting stable crystals were then separated and characterized by their iodine values, fatty acid compositions, crystal polymorphism, solid fat index, and melting behavior. PLM results showed that cooling rate affected crystal formation. Entrained oil on the surface and number of small crystals increased at higher cooling rates of RKOle. Stable crystals were obtained at a cooling rate of 2.0 °C·min−1 and 6 hours, which had lower iodine value and contained more SFA with a higher amount of solid fat than incipient RKOle. Crystals fractionated at 20 °C were larger in size, fewer in number, and had less entrained oil compared to those fractionated at 15 °C. Their main polymorph was the β' form with a melting range comparable to common fully hydrogenated oils. Results suggested that RKOle crystals have potential for use as hard fat stocks for various purposes.
Potential Effect of Cavitation on the Physical Properties of Interesterified Soybean Oil Using High‐Intensity Ultrasound: A Long‐Term Storage Study
Authors: Lee Juhee , Youngs Jack , Birkin Peter , Truscott Tadd , Martini Silvana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate if cavitation events generated during sonication (20 kHz, 216 μm amplitude, 10 s) are responsible for changes in physical properties of a fat with low levels of saturated fatty acids and if these changes are maintained during storage. The fat was crystallized at 24 and 34 °C and stored at 25 °C for up to 24 weeks. An increase in solid fat content and melting enthalpy was observed for sonicated samples crystallized at 34 °C and an increase in elasticity was observed for sonicated samples crystallized at 24 °C (P < 0.05). Hardness increased in sonicated samples crystallized at 24 and 34 °C (P < 0.05) after 60 min of crystallization and after 24 weeks storage. Elasticity of non‐sonicated samples crystallized at 24 °C decreased (P < 0.05) after storage at 25 °C for 48 h while it remained constant in sonicated samples. Sonicated samples had more, and smaller crystals compared to the non‐sonicated ones. No significant change was observed in physical properties of sonicated samples crystallized at 24 °C and 34 °C during the 24 weeks of storage. Sonication at 24 °C was less efficient at changing the physical properties of the fat compared to 34 °C; however, the number of subharmonic components generated during sonication at these two temperatures was not affected by crystallization temperature. These results suggest that changes in physical properties are associated with secondary effects of sonication such as bubble streamers rather than changes in cluster dynamics.
Patients With COVID‐19 Undergoing Cesarean Deliveries: Adapting the OR Suite and Perioperative Care to Prevent Transmission
Authors: Zou Kang , Chen Hong , Liu Yang 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and led to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which quickly spread globally. Protocols for surgical patients with COVID‐19 were lacking, particularly for pregnant women undergoing cesarean deliveries. Perioperative nurses at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan retrospectively analyzed the perioperative nursing process, including OR preparation, intraoperative care, and OR cleanup, for women with COVID‐19 undergoing cesarean deliveries. Preparation involved altering the layout of the surgical suite, educating staff members, providing personal protective equipment, and creating new in‐house guidelines to help protect personnel and patients. This article describes how perioperative personnel strategized to prevent the transmission of COVID‐19 in the OR and presents a multiple‐case summary of six pregnant patients with COVID‐19 who underwent cesarean deliveries at Tongji Hospital in January and February 2020.
Numerical investigation of the performance of 3D‐helical passive micromixer with Newtonian fluid and non‐Newtonian fluid blood
Authors: Tokas Sulekh , Zunaid Mohammad , Ansari Mubashshir Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMixing at microscales is purely governed by the diffusion mass transport phenomenon, which is a time‐consuming process requiring a prolonged length of the microchannel to obtain desired results. The present study proposes a novel three‐dimensional helical micromixer (TDHM) with a rectangular cross‐section to achieve splendid mixing performance within a short distance contrary to the simple T‐micromixer (STM). A thorough numerical investigation of mixing performance and fluid flow patterns has been conducted using the continuity, species transport, and the Navier–Stokes equations with Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluid at a wide range of Reynolds number (0.2–320) and mass flow rate (0.00005–0.091 kg/h), respectively. Blood is selected as the non‐Newtonian fluid, and its rheological characteristics are numerically captured by implementing the Carreau–Yasuda model, whereas water is used to study mixing with the Newtonian fluid. At Re = 2, the mixing index of TDHM is 40. 5% more than that of the STM with water as the working fluid, whereas for blood, it is 34.3%, and thus, it was concluded that the TDHM gives much better performance at much less axial distance than that of the STM at all values of the Reynolds number and flow rates considered in the study. Therefore, TDHM can be utilized for various biomedical, chemical, and biochemical applications.
Visualization research on bubble in overflow sieve plate hot water tower
Authors: Bao Zebin , Wang Yifei , Yu Guangsuo , Wang Fuchen , Xiao Huixia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an experimental apparatus was developed based on the evaporating water tower of the circuit bottom‐ash sluicing system. The formation and movement of single bubble that emerged from an orifice with 5 mm diameter in the middle of the tray were investigated by visual experiments, with water flow rates of 150, 200, and 250 L/h−1, steam flow rate of 5 kg/h−1, and nitrogen flow rates of 0.1632 and 0.32645 kg/h−1. The lifetime of bubbles was recorded by high‐speed camera, and the characteristics of bubble deformation and movement were determined by image processing software Image Pro‐plus. Results showed that the lifetime of bubbles was divided based on the pictures into three parts, namely, formation, region, and oscillation regions. Bubble deformation and movement were assessed in each part. The equivalent radius of bubbles increased rapidly in the first region because of gas influx and grew more slowly in the two latter regions. The aspect ratio of bubbles changed from large to small in the formation region but surged in the oscillation region. The vertical velocity of the centroid of steam bubbles increased at the beginning and then fluctuated. However, the vertical velocity of the centroid of nitrogen bubbles increased over time due to the lack of mass transfer. The hollow phenomenon was found in steam and mixture bubbles through condensation. The effect of noncondensable gases on transmission was also discussed. With increasing nitrogen ratio, the time of formation and oscillation regions decreased for the mixed gas bubbles, leading to the deterioration of heat transfer in the tower. This work provides theoretical guidance for evaporating hot water tower operation.
Self‐adhesive plasticized regenerated silk on poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) for bio‐piezoelectric force sensor and microwave circuit design
Authors: Bittolo Bon Silvia , Valentini Luca , Degli Esposti Micaela , Morselli Davide , Fabbri Paola , Palazzi Valentina , Mezzanotte Paolo , Roselli Luca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study shows that regenerated silk (RS), a natural biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, can behave as a self‐adhesive thermoplastic material with multifunctional properties. In particular, Ca ions‐plasticized RS hybrids with gold nanorods have been produced. It has been found that at mild conditions of temperature and pressure, RS hybrids undergo to the loss of the β‐sheet content and forms a tough self‐adhesive material on poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) substrate. The structure‐dependent piezoelectricity of such RS adhesives on PHBV films was investigated and it was demonstrated that this forms a RS/PHBV piezoelectric sensor that can be used for the monitoring of force. The constitutive parameters (i.e., permittivity and loss tangent) of both PHBV and RS/PHBV were measured in view of their use as dielectric substrates in microwave circuit design. Being fully made of biodegradable and biocompatible materials, this self‐adhesive material can be used in tissue engineering for different applications.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(hexamethylene terephthalate/hexamethylene oxamide) alternating copolyamide (alt‐PA6T/62)
Authors: Gao Yuanbo , Yang Tingting , Wang Xueli , Xia Yumin , Zhu Bo , He Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs a representative polyoxamide, poly(hexamethylene oxamide) (PA62) has good comprehensive performance. However, the high Tm (330°C) creates an obstacle for processing. To improve the processability of PA62, poly(hexamethylene terephthalate/hexamethylene oxamide) alternating copolyamide (alt‐PA6T/62) was synthesized by hexamethylene diamine‐terminated 6T6‐diamine and dibutyl oxalate via solution/solid state polycondensation. Random copolyamide (ran‐PA6T/62) was also synthesized for comparison. The structure and properties of the copolymer were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and the saturated water absorption test. The NMR results confirm the alternating structure of alt‐PA6T/62. The DSC and TGA results demonstrate that the novel alternating copolyamide alt‐PA6T/62 (Tm = 321°C, T5 = 420°C) exhibited better thermal properties than those of ran‐PA6T/62 (Tm = 294°C, T5 = 412°C). The saturated water absorption of alt‐PA6T/62 was found to be 3.2 wt%. These results revealed that the novel alt‐PA6T/62 had an alternating sequence distribution, showed a high melting point as well as good processability and thermal stability, and possessed low saturated water absorption and excellent dimensional stability.
Fluorescent polymer nanofibers based on polycaprolactone and dansyl derivatives for development of latent fingerprints
Authors: Mazzini Júnior Edu Grieco , de Almeida Cantalice Juliana Donato , de Assis Alexandro Mangueira Lima , Duarte de Freitas Johnnatan , Manzine Costa Ligia Maria , Santos Ribeiro Adriana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work provides a convenient low‐cost strategy for fast fabrication of dansyl‐based fluorescent nanofibers for development of latent fingerprints aiming forensic applications. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and dansyl cadaverine (DnsCad) or dansylglycine (DnsGly) nanofibers are prepared by electrospinning technique and characterized by SEM, FTIR, thermal analysis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The electrospun PCL/DnsCad and PCL/DnsGly nanofibers are fluorescent with greenish blue and yellowish green emission, respectively. Such nanofibers are useful for enhancement of the visual contrast of latent fingerprints on metallic surfaces when exposed to UV light. These findings are particularly important for development of latent fingerprints on cartridge cases.
Electrosynthesis of polyaniline‐based composite films and their electrochemical activity
Authors: Bumika Malliboyina , Mallick Manoj K. , Palai Akshaya K. , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrids of polyaniline‐rGO‐ZnO (PRZ) ternary composite materials for a potential application in dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). A facile all‐electrochemical method was adopted for the deposition of PRZ films on FTO‐coated glass substrate. The PRZ hybrid assembly was subsequently characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry, and photoelectrochemical measurements. Further, the morphological and elemental composition features of PRZ were monitored by field emission SEM and EDX, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectra suggest that the charge–transfer resistance for the ternary composite is distinctly decreased. The maximum conversion efficiency of DSSC with PRZ counter electrode reaches 2.84%, which is higher than that of polyaniline‐reduced graphene oxide (rGO) counter electrode. This ternary composite (PRZ) with organic–inorganic hybrid architecture showing an enhanced photoelectrochemical activity might be exploited in future as a promising material for application in next‐generation solar devices.
Effect of substituents in the A and B rings of chalcones on antiparasite activity
Authors: González Luis A. , Upegui Yulieth A. , Rivas Luis , Echeverri Fernando , Escobar Gustavo , Robledo Sara M. , Quiñones Wiston 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChalcones are a group of natural products with many recognized biological activities, including antiparasitic activity. Although a lot of chalcones have been synthetized and assayed against parasites, the number of structural features known to be involved in this biological property is small. Thus, in the present study, 21 chalcones were synthesized to determine the effect of substituents in the A and B rings on the activity against Leishmania braziliensis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Plasmodium falciparum. The compounds were active against L. braziliensis in a structure‐dependent manner. Only one compound was very active against T. cruzi, but none of them had a significant antiplasmodial activity. The electron‐donating substituents in ring B and the hydrogen bonds at C‐2′ with carbonyl affect the antiparasitic activity.
Impact of iron‐rich scale in service lines on lead release to water
Authors: Bae Yeunook , Pasteris Jill D. , Giammar Daniel E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTotal iron and total lead concentrations were correlated in water that had stagnated in laboratory‐scale experiments with sections of 10 harvested lead service lines (LSLs) from Providence, Rhode Island. One of these sections had much greater lead release and pH decrease during stagnation, and the inner surface of this service line had a thick coating of iron oxide scale. The iron‐rich scale was composed of coarse‐grained iron oxides (lepidocrocite and magnetite) covered with a thin lead‐bearing layer (hydrocerussite). Complementary batch experiments with pure iron oxides found that their surfaces accelerated the oxidation of Pb(II) from hydrocerussite, which produced PbO2(s) and decreased the pH. While the findings presented are for LSLs from Providence, the co‐occurrence of iron oxides and lead corrosion products is widespread. The results highlight the importance of considering iron corrosion when evaluating processes that control lead concentrations in tap water.
Einkleben von Gewindestangen in Laubholz bei niedrigen Temperaturen
Authors: Ratsch Nils , Böhm Stefan , Myslicki Sebastian , Voß Morten 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEingeklebte Gewindestangen sind ein aus dem Holzbau nicht mehr wegzudenkender Anschlusstyp. Aktuell werden hierzu 2K‐Epoxide (EPX) und Polyurethane (PUR) verwendet. Diese haben jedoch zwei wesentliche Nachteile: Der Prozess der Aushärtung erstreckt sich, je nach Klebstoffsystem, über mehrere h bis hin zu 10 d. Zum anderen benötigen die zugelassenen Klebstoffe eine Mindestaushärtetemperatur von 18 °C. Beide Nachteile behindern den Einsatz geklebter Gewindestangen, insbesondere auf der Baustelle. In diesem Beitrag werden Untersuchungen zur Bewertung der Schnellhärtbarkeit von 2K‐EPX und 2K‐PUR im Holzbau vorgestellt. In den bisherigen Untersuchungen konnte eine generelle Machbarkeit der Schnellhärtung mittels Induktion im Bereich eingeklebte Gewindestangen im Holzbau unter Normklima (+23 °C, 50 % rel. LF) nachgewiesen werden. Diese Arbeit stellt Ergebnisse zur Schnellhärtbarkeit im Niedrigtemperaturbereich (+5 °C und –10 °C) vor und vergleicht die Ergebnisse mit Referenzproben, die bei +23 °C Raumtemperatur geklebt und ausgehärtet wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass vor allem 2K‐EPX auch unter niedrigen Temperaturen schnell ausgehärtet werden können, jedoch gleichzeitig, welchen Einfluss die Schnellhärtung auf die Festigkeit des geklebten Verbunds ausübt.
Development of liver microtissues with functional biliary ductular network
Authors: Hafiz Ehab O. A. , Bulutoglu Beyza , Mansy Soheir S. , Chen Yibin , Abu‐Taleb Hoda , Soliman Somia A. M. , El‐Hindawi Ali A. F. , Yarmush Martin L. , Uygun Basak E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLiver tissue engineering aims to create transplantable liver grafts that can serve as substitutes for donor's livers. One major challenge in creating a fully functional liver tissue has been to recreate the biliary drainage in an engineered liver construct through integration of bile canaliculi (BC) with the biliary ductular network that would enable the clearance of bile from the hepatocytes to the host duodenum. In this study, we show the formation of such a hepatic microtissue by coculturing rat primary hepatocytes with cholangiocytes and stromal cells. Our results indicate that within the spheroids, hepatocytes maintained viability and function for up to 7 days. Viable hepatocytes became polarized by forming BC with the presence of tight junctions. Morphologically, hepatocytes formed the core of the spheroids, while cholangiocytes resided at the periphery forming a monolayer microcysts and tubular structures extending outward. The spheroids were subsequently cultured in clusters to create a higher order ductular network resembling hepatic lobule. The cholangiocytes formed functional biliary ductular channels in between hepatic spheroids that were able to collect, transport, and secrete bile. Our results constitute the first step to recreate hepatic building blocks with biliary drainage for repopulating the whole liver scaffolds to be used as transplantable liver grafts.
BarcodingGO: A problem‐based approach to teach concepts related to environmental‐DNA and bioinformatics
Authors: Nunes Rhewter , de Bem Oliveira Ivone , de Araújo Dias Priscila , Bidinotto Alexandre Borges , de Campos Telles Mariana Pires 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and describe a new approach, named BarcodingGO, to teach environmental DNA and bioinformatics concepts to undergraduate or graduate students in molecular biology‐related fields. The learning pipeline proposed here aims to solve a simulated environmental monitoring problem, in which a biodiversity survey of a particular region is needed to assess the impact of an environmental disaster. Biological surveys, in the context of environmental DNA studies, are performed by analyzing the DNA released by organisms living in a specific environment. We proposed a scenario in which quick response (QR) codes represented a given environmental DNA, and they were positioned in a scattered pattern across two regions of the classroom (representing pre and post scenarios for a particular environmental disaster). The QR codes redirect to a page that contained a fictional representation of an animal or a plant. Students then survey the region's biodiversity using QR code scanning applications on their cell phones by “capturing” these organisms as an analogy to the Pokémon GO game of the international Pokémon franchise. We believe this method (or even an adaptation of it) can be an essential tool to engage students in molecular biology classes. Moreover, this approach can help to teach how modern genomics and bioinformatics tools can be applied to solve real problems in conservation biology.
Increased EEG coherence in long‐distance and short‐distance connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Wang Jia , Wang Xiaomin , Wang Xuelai , Zhang Huiying , Zhou Yong , Chen Lei , Li Yutong , Wu Lijie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction as well as repetitive behaviors. Alterations in function connectivity are widely recognized in recent electroencephalogram (EEG) studies. However, most studies have not reached consistent conclusions, which could be due to the developmental nature and the heterogeneity of ASD.MethodsHere, EEG coherence analysis was used in a cohort of children with ASD (n = 13) and matched typically developing controls (TD, n = 15) to examine the functional connectivity characteristics in long‐distance and short‐distance electrode pairs. Subsequently, we explore the association between the connectivity strength of coherence and symptom severity in children with ASD.ResultsCompared with TD group, individuals with ASD showed increased coherence in short‐distance electrode pairs in the right temporal–parietal region (delta, alpha, beta bands), left temporal–parietal region (all frequency bands), occipital region (theta, alpha, beta bands), right central–parietal region (delta, alpha, beta bands), and the prefrontal region (only beta band). In the long‐distance coherence analysis, the ASD group showed increased coherence in bilateral frontal region, temporal region, parietal region, and frontal–occipital region in alpha and beta bands. The strength of such connections was associated with symptom severity.DiscussionOur study indicates that abnormal connectivity patterns in neuroelectrophysiology may be of critical importance to acknowledge the underlying brain mechanism.