bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of Maize and Tomato Crops to Fertilization with Three Agroforestry Litter Species (Annona senegalensis, Terminalia macroptera and Parkia biglobosa)
Authors: Massai T. J. , Ngakou A. , Ibrahima A. 
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Annona senegalensis, Parkia biglobosa and Terminalia macroptera litters amended to soil in order to improve growth and yield of tomato and maize plants. Trials were conducted at the University of Ngaoundere in a complete randomised block design for each of the two crops. Treatments consisted for each crop of a control (T) and three litters-based fertilizers of A. senegalensis (AS), P. biglobosa (PB) and T. macroptera (TM). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare means between treatments. The results obtained indicate that the chemical characteristics of litters varied from one plant species to another. The pH of the three litters AS, PB and TM (6.06; 6.02; 6.07) was acid, while nitrogen content ranged from 2.43% (PB) to 1.40% (TM). A significant difference was observed between treatments for plant height of tomato (p = 0.0016) and maize (p = 0.039). The litters of A. senegalensis (80.33 g) and P. biglobosa (70.60 g) stimulated a significant production of more maize biomass compared to that of the control (37.26 g). The tomato biomass produced under soil amended with litter of A. senegalensis (27.33 g) and T. macroptera (31.27 g) was significantly more abundant (p = 0.035) than that of control (17.31 g). For tomato plants, the highest yield was observed for the treatment litter of A. senegalensis (7.35 t/ha), while the lowest yield accounted for the control (3.48 t/ha). The yield variation between treatments was in the following order: AS> PB>TM>T. As for maize, the yield varied from 4.15 t/ha (litter of T. macroptera) to 1.66 t/ha (control), and was classified between different treatments as: TM> PB > AS> T. Among the three tested litters, Annona senegalensis litter was the best for tomato, whereas Terminalia macroptera litter was better for maize production.
An Evaluation of the Levels of Subclinical Malaria Infection and Haemolysis among Residents of Opobo, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Eze Evelyn Mgbeoma , Christian Serekara Gideon , Jaja Victoria Samuel , Konne Felix Eedee 
Published: April 2020

Aim: The study was aimed at evaluating the levels of subclinical malaria infection and haemolysis among the residents of Opobo, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Study Design: A cross sectional study design was used. The subjects were grouped into males and females and comparisons were made between positive and negative subjects of the same gender and positive subjects of different gender.
Place and Duration of Study: The study area was Opobo Town in Opobo/Nkoro Local Government Area of Nigeria. The study was carried out within August 2nd to August 26th, 2019 and a total of 89 apparently healthy subjects were recruited, 35 males and 54 females, aged between 16 – 70 years.
Methodology: Malaria parasite identification was done by thick and thin film using Giemsa’s stain, packed cell volume was by microhaematocrit method, plasma haemoglobin concentration and whole blood haemoglobin concentration was determined by cyanmethaemoglobin method.
Results: The result revealed a total of 24.72% positivity and 75.28% negativity for malaria parasite infection. Among the males, 17.14% positivity and 82.86% negativity for malaria parasite infection were observed while that of the females was 20.37% positivity and 79.63% negativity. In comparison of the studied parameters made between females infected with malaria parasites and those that were not infected with malaria parasites, there was no statistical significant difference at p<0.05 in plasma haemoglobin and percentage haemolysis. In comparison of the studied parameters between males infected with malaria parasites and those not infected with malaria parasites, there was no statistical significant difference in plasma haemoglobin and percentage haemolysis. On gender based comparison, there was also no statistical significant difference in level haemolysis.
Conclusion: The study has revealed a prevalence rate of 24.72% for subclinical malaria infection and the percentage haemolysis of red blood cells in malaria infected subjects residing in Opobo Town compared to subjects without malaria parasite was not statistically significant. Based on gender difference, males were affected more than females, but the level of red blood cell haemolysis was not statistically significant after comparison.
Management, Medication Use and Economic Burden of Asthma among Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims
Authors: Haseeb Abdul , Alzahrani Arwa Saleh , Bifari Nisrin Nasseraldeen , Bugis Samah Mohammed , Alharbi Shaza Eid O. , Ridnah Dina Jameel , Kutob Weam Waiel , Alzhrani Eman Abdullah , Al-Nass Ghadair , Fadaq Mohamed , Al-Sulaimani Turki Mohammad Noor , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: During Hajj and Umrah season, asthma-related acute admissions produce the enormous burden on healthcare facilities and causes delay in admissions for more severe cases, e.g. myocardial infarction, cardiac failure and severe trauma cases. Therefore, the snapshot of asthma-related admissions during the Hajj and Umrah season was determined by asthma-related admissions and medication use and economic burden during Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage season.
Methodology: All asthma-related admissions during the month of Ramadan (fasting month) and Hajj pilgrimage were assessed from patients’ data retrospectively. The convenience sampling strategy was used to retrieve study variables. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 22.0 was used to analyze the data.
Results: A total of 271 patients were selected as per inclusion criteria, the majority of them were males 153 (56.5%), while most of them were Saudi 70 (35.8%) and Egyptians 86 (31.7%). During hospitalization, the common treatment for acute exacerbations was inhaled corticosteroids 224 (86.3%), IV corticosteroids 129 (47.6%), Inhaled short-acting beta-agonists 244 (90%) and inhaled bronchodilators (ipratropium bromide) 237(87.5 5%).
Conclusion: This periodic mapping of asthma-related admissions and its management during these massive gathering events is indeed a significant effort to explore issues of acute asthma exacerbations management and to provide information to plan for future interventions and policies.
The Adverse Effects Reporting of Antibiotic Induced Diarrhea
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: In Saudi Food and Drug Authority, there is a center called National Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety Center responsible for adverse events reporting. This study aims to demonstrate the antibiotic induced diarrhea reporting by National Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety Center in Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study about the reporting of diarrhea adverse effects caused by antibiotics. The data were collected from the adverse effects reports that were submitted to Saudi Food and Drug Authority in 2017 and 2018.
Results: Gastrointestinal adverse effects reports were mainly for penicillin antibiotics. The major gastrointestinal adverse effect of penicillin was diarrhea (100 reports out of 147 reports for penicillin include diarrhea). Most of the diarrhea reports were caused by Amoxicillin/Clavulanate followed by Amoxicillin.
Conclusion: One of the major adverse effects for antibiotics is diarrhea that is mainly occurred by penicillin antibiotics. The majority of cases of antibiotics-associated diarrhea are not serious, but still affect the patients’ quality of life. Therefore, it is important to increase the awareness regarding medications adverse effects and their reporting.
Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma: Treatment Outcome in Primary and Secondary Surgical Intervention
Authors: Ladurner Ruth , Strohäker Jens , Birkert Christian , Kopp Hans-Georg , Königsrainer Alfred , Bachmann Robert 
Published: April 2020

Background
Approximately 30% to 40% of all retroperitoneal soft tissue tumors are sarcomas, with liposarcoma prevailing in approximately 50% of these cases. Retroperitoneal liposarcomas typically show a high rate of local recurrence and late distant metastases. The aim of our retrospective analysis was to investigate the efficacy of treatment in our patients with liposarcoma.

Methods
Thirty-four consecutive patients underwent surgery in our clinic between October 2004 and November 2017. Liposarcomas arising from the mesenteric or abdominal adipose tissue or the pelvis were excluded.

Results
Of 34 patients, 23 (67.6%) presented with primary and 11 (32.4%) with recurrent disease. In 7 of the 34 patients (20.6%), a radical resection (R0) could be achieved, and in 27 patients (76.5%) resection was marginal (R1). Time to recurrence was not affected by neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Patients who underwent systemic chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy developed earlier recurrences (P = 0.003) than patients with neoadjuvant radiotherapy only. Overall survival was significantly better in the neoadjuvant group (P 0.045)

Conclusions
Combining surgical resection with neoadjuvant radiation treatment showed survival benefits in primary but not recurrent disease. Repeated surgery remains a valid approach in carefully selected patients, but all patients should be referred to a center of expertise in multimodal treatment approaches for retroperitoneal liposarcomas.
Extended in vitro culture of primary human mesenchymal stem cells downregulates Brca1‐related genes and impairs DNA double‐strand break recognition
Authors: Bao Xuanwen , Wang Jing , Zhou Guangming , Aszodi Attila , Schönitzer Veronika , Scherthan Harry , Atkinson Michael J. , Rosemann Michael 
Published: April 2020

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multilineage adult stem cells with considerable potential for cell‐based regenerative therapies. In vitro expansion changes their epigenetic and cellular properties, with a poorly understood impact on DNA damage response (DDR) and genome stability. We report here results of a transcriptome‐based pathway analysis of in vitro‐expanded human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBM‐MSCs), supplemented with cellular assays focusing on DNA double‐strand break (DSB) repair. Gene pathways affected by in vitro aging were mapped using gene ontology, KEGG, and GSEA, and were found to involve DNA repair, homologous recombination (HR), cell cycle control, and chromosomal replication. Assays for the recognition (γ‐H2AX + 53BP1 foci) and repair (pBRCA1 + γ‐H2AX foci) of X‐ray‐induced DNA DSBs in hBM‐MSCs show that over a period of 8 weeks of in vitro aging (i.e., about 10 doubling times), cells exhibit a reduced DDR and a higher fraction of residual DNA damage. Furthermore, a distinct subpopulation of cells with impaired DNA DSB recognition was observed. Several genes that participate in DNA repair by HR (e.g., Rad51, Rad54, BRCA1) show a 2.3‐ to fourfold reduction of their mRNA expression by qRT‐PCR. We conclude that the in vitro expansion of hMSCs can lead to aging‐related impairment of the recognition and repair of DNA breaks.
A practical cyberattack contingency plan for radiation oncology
Authors: Zhang Baoshe , Chen Shifeng , Nichols Elizabeth , D’Souza Warren , Prado Karl , Yi Byongyong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeThis article presents a solution for continuing radiation therapy without interruption in the event of a cyberattack to the radiation oncology information systems (ROIS). This process could be easily deployed to any radiation oncology practice, with little clinical overhead or burden.Methods and MaterialsThe solution automatically retrieves all essential information from the clinical ROIS for each under‐treatment patient and periodically (e.g., daily) saves these data to a dedicated secure server for recovery. In the event that the clinical ROIS is not functioning as a result of a cyberattack, this essential information is used to build a new secondary ROIS server to continue radiotherapy treatments until the main ROIS is recovered. Once the cyberattack threat is cleared, the clinical ROIS server is rebuilt from the institution’s enterprise backup. The newly accumulated treatment information for each patient is then exported from the secondary ROIS to bring the clinical ROIS up to date.ResultsThe Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of Maryland Medical System implemented this solution for clinical use with the Varian ARIA ROIS in the management of ~250 daily radiotherapy treatments, inclusive of a proton center. This solution was determined to be a feasible and affordable business continuity plan for the radiation oncology practice by minimizing radiation treatment downtime to a couple of hours in a simulated cyberattack drill.ConclusionsThe proposed solution can achieve continuation of radiation therapy treatment without treatment breaks in the event of a cyberattack. It also provides cushion time for radiation oncology departments to rebuild their clinical ROIS systems from the enterprise data backup.
Heritability of alpha and sensorimotor network changes in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Yaakub Siti N. , Tangwiriyasakul Chayanin , Abela Eugenio , Koutroumanidis Michalis , Elwes Robert D. C. , Barker Gareth J. , Richardson Mark P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveElectroencephalography (EEG) features in the alpha band have been shown to differ between people with epilepsy and healthy controls. Here, in a group of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), we seek to confirm these EEG features, and using simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigate whether brain networks related to the alpha rhythm differ between patients and healthy controls. Additionally, we investigate whether alpha abnormalities are found as an inherited endophenotype in asymptomatic relatives.MethodsWe acquired scalp EEG and simultaneous EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging in 24 unrelated patients with unilateral mTLE, 23 asymptomatic first‐degree relatives of patients with mTLE, and 32 healthy controls. We compared peak alpha power and frequency from electroencephalographic data in patients and relatives to healthy controls. We identified brain networks associated with alpha oscillations and compared these networks in patients and relatives to healthy controls.ResultsPatients had significantly reduced peak alpha frequency (PAF) across all parietal and occipital electrodes. Asymptomatic relatives also had significantly reduced PAF over 14 of 17 parietal and occipital electrodes. Both patients and asymptomatic relatives showed a combination of increased activation and a failure of deactivation in relation to alpha oscillations compared to healthy controls in the sensorimotor network.InterpretationGenetic factors may contribute to the shift in PAF and alterations in brain networks related to alpha oscillations. These may not entirely be a consequence of anti‐epileptic drugs, seizures or hippocampal sclerosis and deserve further investigation as mechanistic contributors to mTLE.
Dopant‐Free, Amorphous–Crystalline Heterophase SnO2Electron Transport Bilayer Enables >20% Efficiency in Triple‐Cation Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lee Hock Beng , Kumar Neetesh , Ovhal Manoj Mayaji , Kim Yeong Jae , Song Young Min , Kang Jae‐Wook 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImproving the ohmic contact and interfacial morphology between an electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite film is the key to boost the efficiency of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In the current work, an amorphous–crystalline heterophase tin oxide bilayer (Bi‐SnO2) ETL is prepared via a low‐temperature solution process. Compared with the amorphous SnO2sol–gel film (SG‐SnO2) or the crystalline SnO2nanoparticle (NP‐SnO2) counterparts, the heterophase Bi‐SnO2ETL exhibits improved surface morphology, considerably fewer oxygen defects, and better energy band alignment with the perovskite without sacrificing the optical transmittance. The best PSC device (active area ≈ 0.09 cm2) based on a Bi‐SnO2ETL is hysteresis‐less and achieves an outstanding power conversion efficiency of ≈20.39%, which is one of the highest efficiencies reported for SnO2‐triple cation perovskite system based on green antisolvent. More fascinatingly, large‐area PSCs (active areas of ≈3.55 cm2) based on the Bi‐SnO2ETL also achieves an extraordinarily high efficiency of ≈14.93% with negligible hysteresis. The improved device performance of the Bi‐SnO2‐based PSC arises predominantly from the improved ohmic contact and suppressed bimolecular recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface. The tailored morphology and energy band structure of the Bi‐SnO2has enabled the scalable fabrication of highly efficient, hysteresis‐less PSCs.
Low‐Dimensional Lead‐Free Inorganic Perovskites for Resistive Switching with Ultralow Bias
Authors: Ge Shuaipeng , Guan Xinwei , Wang Yutao , Lin Chun‐Ho , Cui Yimin , Huang Yunxia , Zhang Xinran , Zhang Ruoxuan , Yang Xiaoting , Wu Tom 
Published: April 2020

Abstract3D organic–inorganic and all‐inorganic lead halide perovskites have been intensively pursued for resistive switching memories in recent years. Unfortunately, instability and lead toxicity are two foremost challenges for their large‐scale commercial applications. Dimensional reduction and composition engineering are effective means to overcome these challenges. Herein, low‐dimensional inorganic lead‐free Cs3Bi2I9 and CsBi3I10 perovskite‐like films are exploited for resistive switching memory applications. Both devices demonstrate stable switching with ultrahigh on/off ratios (≈106), ultralow operation voltages (as low as 0.12 V), and self‐compliance characteristics. 0D Cs3Bi2I9‐based device shows better retention time and larger reset voltage than the 2D CsBi3I10‐based device. Multilevel resistive switching behavior is also observed by modulating the current compliance, contributing to the device tunability. The resistive switching mechanism is hinged on the formation and rupture of conductive filaments of halide vacancies in the perovskite films, which is correlated with the formation of AgIx layers at the electrode/perovskite interface. This study enriches the library of switching materials with all‐inorganic lead‐free halide perovskites and offers new insights on tuning the operation of solution‐processed memory devices.
Micro/Nano Motor Navigation and Localization via Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Yang Yuguang , Bevan Michael A. , Li Bo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEfficient navigation and precise localization of Brownian micro/nano self‐propelled motor particles within complex landscapes could enable future high‐tech applications involving for example drug delivery, precision surgery, oil recovery, and environmental remediation. Here, a model‐free deep reinforcement learning algorithm based on bio‐inspired neural networks is employed to enable different types of micro/nano motors to be continuously controlled to carry out complex navigation and localization tasks. Micro/nano motors with either tunable self‐propelling speeds or orientations or both, are found to exhibit strikingly different dynamics. In particular, distinct control strategies are required to achieve effective navigation in free space and obstacle environments, as well as under time constraints. The findings provide fundamental insights into active dynamics of Brownian particles controlled using artificial intelligence and could guide the design of motor and robot control systems to meet diverse application requirements.
Predictor of outcome after living donor liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Japan criteria
Authors: Yonemura Yusuke , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Inokuchi Shoichi , Kosai‐Fujimoto Yukiko , Harada Noboru , Itoh Shinji , Toshima Takeo , Takeishi Kazuki , Yoshiya Shohei , Mori Masaki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Japan criteria (JC, maximum tumor size within 5 cm, within five tumor nodules, AFP within 500 ng/mL or within Milan criteria) have been applied to cadaveric liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and will be used for living donor LT (LDLT) in Japan. The aim of this study was to verify the JC in LDLT and to clarify the risk factor of HCC recurrence and mortality after LDLT beyond the JC.Patients and methodsAdult patients who underwent LDLT for end‐stage liver disease with HCC until October 2019 were reviewed retrospectively (n = 246). Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they were within JC (n = 203) or beyond JC (n = 43). Recurrence‐free or overall survival rates after LDLT were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors of HCC recurrence and HCC‐related mortality after LDLT for patients beyond the JC.ResultsPatients beyond the JC had significantly poorer 5‐year recurrence‐free (50.3% vs 95.9%, P < .001) or overall (61.7% vs 98.1%, P < .001) survival rates compared with patients within the JC. A multivariate analysis revealed that des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP) ≥ 300 mAU/mL (hazard ratio 9.36, 95% CI; 2.41‐36.4, P = .001) was an independent risk factor for HCC recurrence and HCC‐related mortality (hazard ratio 13.8, 95% CI; 1.92‐98.6, P = .01) after LDLT in patients beyond the JC.ConclusionThe outcome of LDLT for patients within the JC was favorable. Patients beyond the JC with DCP ≥ 300 mAU/mL might be contraindicated for LDLT.
Synchronization of weaning time with peak fruit availability in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) living in Amazonian Brazil
Authors: Stone Anita I. , Ruivo Luana V. P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany mammals coincide their reproductive activities with factors such as ambient temperature, rainfall, and food availability. In primates that invest immediate food intake into reproduction, the periods of maximum fruit production often coincide with the peak of lactation (to maximize maternal survival) or the occurrence of weaning (to maximize infant survival). This study investigates the relationship between reproductive periods and the availability of ripe fruit in the habitat of a population of wild squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) in Amazonian Brazil. We combine data from several years (2002–2003; 2011–2015) during which we followed the monkeys and quantified the occurrence of matings, gestations, births, and the number of lactating females. We also collected rainfall and plant phenological data for 24 months. Our results confirm that reproductive events are highly seasonal in S. collinsi. The period of weaning corresponded to the peak in the abundance of ripe fruits consumed by the monkeys. This indicates that the period of infant nutritional independence is optimally timed to coincide with periods of greater food production in this habitat. We suggest that seasonal breeding in these primates does not necessarily reduce maternal energetic stress, but likely improves infant survivorship.