bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathways From Socioeconomic Factors to Major Cardiovascular Events Among Postmenopausal Veteran and Nonveteran Women: Findings From the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Beydoun Hind A. , Beydoun May A. , Kinney Rebecca L. , Liu Simin , Yu Rona , Allison Matthew , Wallace Robert B. , Xiao Qian , Liu Longjian , Gradidge Philippe , Jung Su Yon , Tindle Hilary A. , Follis Shawna , Brunner Robert , Tsai Jack 
Published: December 2024

Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death for women in the United States, with veterans being at potentially higher risk than their nonveteran counterparts due to accelerated aging and distinct biopsychosocial mechanisms. We examined pathways between selected indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) such as education, occupation, household income, and neighborhood SES and major CVD events through lifestyle and health characteristics among veteran and nonveteran postmenopausal women.

Methods and Results

A total of 121 286 study‐eligible WHI (Women's Health Initiative) participants (3091 veterans and 118 195 nonveterans) were prospectively followed for an average of 17 years, during which 16 108 major CVD events were documented. Using generalized structural equations modeling coupled with survival analysis techniques, we estimated the effects of SES on major CVD events through smoking, body mass index, comorbidities, cardiometabolic risk factors, and self‐rated health, controlling for WHI component, region, age, race, ethnicity, marital status, and health care provider access. Among veterans, SES characteristics were indirectly related to major CVD events through body mass index, comorbidities, cardiometabolic risk factors, and self‐rated health. Among nonveterans, lower education (β= 0.2,
P
<0.0001), household income (β=+0.4,
P
<0.0001), and neighborhood SES (β=+0.2,
P
<0.0001) were positively related to major CVD events, and these relationships were partly mediated by body mass index, comorbidities, cardiometabolic risk factors, and self‐rated health. Smoking played a mediating role only among nonveterans.

Conclusions
Nonveteran postmenopausal women exhibit more complex pathways between SES and major CVD events than their veteran counterparts, informing the design, conduct, and evaluation of preventive strategies targeting CVD by veteran status.
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Valvular Heart Disease, 1990 to 2021
Authors: Chen Qin‐Fen , Shi Shanzhen , Wang Yu‐Fei , Shi Jingjing , Liu Chenyang , Xu Tiancheng , Ni Chao , Zhou Xi , Lin Weihong , Peng Yangdi , Zhou Xiao‐Dong 
Published: December 2024

Background
Valvular heart disease poses an escalating global health challenge with an increasing impact on mortality and disability. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the global burden of valvular heart disease.

Methods and Results
Using the Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, we analyzed the prevalence and disability‐adjusted life years, examining implications across demographics and geographic regions. In 2021, an estimated 54.8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 43.3–67.6) cases of rheumatic heart disease, 13.3 million (95% UI, 11.4–15.2) cases of nonrheumatic calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), and 15.5 million (95% UI, 14.5–16.7) cases of nonrheumatic degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) were reported globally. Despite the rising prevalence, disability‐adjusted life years declined between 1991 and 2021. Among individuals aged 70 years or older, the age‐standardized prevalences were 1803.6 per 100 000 (95% UI, 1535.5–2055.7) for CAVD and 2148.9 per 100 000 (95% UI, 2001.4–2310.1) for DMVD. Sub‐Saharan Africa had the highest age‐standardized prevalence for rheumatic heart disease; Conversely, high‐income regions led in CAVD and DMVD prevalence. Rheumatic heart disease had the highest age‐standardized prevalence of 1184.2 per 100 000 (95% UI, 932.4–1478.2) in low Socio‐Demographic Index (SDI) regions, whereas CAVD peaked at 349.8 per 100 000 (95% UI, 303.6–395.8) in high SDI regions. The most substantial increases in age‐standardized prevalences of CAVD from 1990 to 2021 occurred in the middle SDI and low‐middle SDI regions. A parallel trend was noted for DMVD.

Conclusions
Rheumatic heart disease remains a significant burden in low SDI regions, whereas CAVD and DMVD pose challenges in high SDI regions with aging populations.
Aristotle, De Anima 1.3, 406b2 κατὰ τὸ σῶµα
Authors: Liu Kezhou 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
My aim in this paper is to examine Aristotle’s assertion in De Anima 1.3, 406b1-3 that the soul engages in the same motion as the body, focusing particularly on the puzzle and contentious phrase at 406b2, κατὰ τὸ σῶµα. By clarifying Aristotle’s specific notion of sameness and the argument’s context, I will attempt to demonstrate that it is still possible to defend the traditional interpretation of the phrase κατὰ τὸ σῶµα without emending the text. As I shall show, Aristotle’s assertion here is neither a repetition of his previous major premise nor an inappropriate generalization that hinders him from reaching a further conclusion. Instead, it serves as a crucial step in demonstrating the incoherence of the Platonic view, which posits that the soul is essentially a self- moving entity.
A Decolonial Agenda for EU Migration and Asylum Law
Authors: Corcodel Veronica 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article seeks to advance a decolonial research agenda in EU migration and asylum law, arguing that there is significant scope for further development within existing scholarship. It offers some theoretical tools grounded in postcolonial and decolonial literature, contending that a decolonial project for EU migration and asylum law should critically engage with the enduring epistemic foundations of colonial unequal mobilities and treatment. These include the ‘sedentary bias’ and the ‘cheap labour’ bias, as well as the ways in which these have been shaped by race, gender, class, and other epistemic formations. Building on these insights, the article outlines potential avenues for further research, especially in relation to the EU Schengen regime, the externalisation of EU borders, the construction of the ‘economic migrant’ and the Common European Asylum system.
(Un)stable Ghettos
Authors: Di Nepi Serena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article reviews Italian and international historiography on the history of Jews in Italy during the early modern period, aiming to critically engage with the notion of the “ghetto” and the interpretive frameworks through which it has been studied. It situates this concept within broader historiographical trends in Italian history of the period. The study gives particular attention to the growing influence of the Roman Inquisition and its pervasive—though not total—control over Jewish communities, noting the varied ways this influence was enacted across Italy’s diverse urban and rural regions. The analysis begins with an exploration of Jewish responses to the temporary readmission into the Papal States under Pope Sixtus V from 1587 to 1590, using this episode to re-evaluate the category of the ghetto. The conclusion argues for a future research direction that moves beyond the assumed stability of the ghetto, reconstructing the history of Jews in Italy by identifying people, places, actors, distinctions, and movements—while remaining mindful of the profound impact of the long history of persecutions.
Hugo Grotius, the African Slave Trade, and the Natural Law Tradition
Authors: Hasan-Birdwell Aminah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The following paper brings together the history of the Atlantic slave trade in the seventeenth century and Hugo Grotius’s treatment of slavery, war, and trade in the De iure belli ac pacis. In this paper I focus on the practices of slave raids during the trade in the 1630s through the 1640s in Central and West Africa. The practice of slave raids was often described and categorized by both Africans and Europeans as war or acts of war. I argue that given Grotius’s depictions of a solemn war, it is difficult to legally distinguish an intent to enslave in a raid from an act of war against an enemy nation.
Liability of Hosting providers for User-generated Content
Authors: Karwowska Anna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Whenever the courts are called on to deal with the cases of liability of hosting providers for copyright infringements in different contexts, standards shift. Nonetheless, the core issues remain invariable: hosting provider’s knowledge regarding illegal content and the way it reacts to notice-and-take-down procedure. A new piece has been added into the puzzle in recent years, namely the Polish case of Chomikuj.pl. This paper’s purpose is to compare the scope of hosting providers’ liability for user-generated content in the United States (U.S.) and the European Union (EU), placing the spotlight on the Chomikuj.pl case, which may offer a major contribution to the discussion. The key issues entail knowledge and awareness constituting hosting provider’s liability for the infringing content on its platform, alongside the establishment of adequate notice-and-take-down procedure to hold the infringing party responsible.
Seamanship in the Age of Automation: Reduced Practical Wisdom? Observations from Fieldwork on Automated Car Ferries in Norway
Authors: Aalberg Asbjørn Lein 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study contributes to the debate on the role of humans in highly automated maritime environments by exploring whether increased automation entails the extraction of seamanship from the maritime sector. Traditionally, seafaring practice has been the observable outcome of seamanship: an idealistic competence norm close to the seafarers’ identity. One element of seamanship is to solve known and unknown problems through ethical and practical deliberations and improvisations. Based on fieldwork on state-of-the-art automated car ferries in Norway, I demonstrate how seafarers (continue to) adapt to a highly automated environment. Seafarers informally learned the necessary basis for the automation practices. I discuss the relationship between seamanship and practical wisdom, and problematise the safety implications of increasingly automated and digitalised systems. The paper concludes with potential strategies for retaining professional practical wisdom, despite the advent of autonomy.
Does Ernest Nagel’s Model of Reduction Permit Ontological Reduction?
Authors: Chen Bohang , Zhang Zhihan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article resolves and draws lessons from the recent controversy over whether Ernest Nagel’s model of reduction permits ontological reduction. The resolution lies in distinguishing between two types of ontological reduction: while Nagel’s model accommodates ontological reduction1, it rejects ontological reduction2. Ontological reduction1 concerns the relationships among worldly things, mediated by theories and statements, as is generally asserted by logical empiricists. In contrast, ontological reduction2, which often leads to eliminativism, arbitrarily designates certain entities as fundamental while treating others merely derivative. Two key lessons emerge from this controversy. First, it is easy to conflate these two types of ontological reduction. Second, emphasizing the epistemological foundations of reduction is crucial to avoid such conflation and the associated dogmatic tendencies, such as eliminativism and emergentism. This analysis uncovers a critical yet underappreciated rationale for Nagel’s preference for an epistemological presentation of his model of reduction.
Cun 存 as Caring Existence: Ontology and Ethics in Early Chinese Thought and Heidegger
Authors: Liang Yuchen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ontology and ethics are often regarded as distinct fields in contemporary philosophy, reflecting a broader division between the natural and social worlds in modern thought. In contrast, ancient Chinese thought presents a different perspective. The term cun 存, for example, encompasses both existence and care within its meaning. This affective dimension of cun has largely been forgotten in modern East Asian languages, where it is now used in cunzai, a generic and somewhat hollow translation of “being.” However, in pre-Qin Chinese texts, such as Mencius and the Xici, cun was employed in a way that integrates existence with ethics and care with ontology. This interwoven interpretation of existence and care also resonates with Heidegger’s concept of Sorge (care), a central idea in his seminal work Being and Time. Heidegger explored the care for other Daseins and for the world, as well as the relationship between care and time, which he viewed as fundamental to the existence of Dasein. I aim to demonstrate that cun was used in ways that parallel these aspects of Sorge. Through this comparison, I seek to achieve two main objectives: 1) to show that an ethical interpretation of Heidegger’s fundamental ontology is indeed possible, and 2) to highlight that ancient Chinese thought engages with the concept of being or existence, contrary to the view that East Asian philosophy is nihilistic and limited to moralization – showing instead that it always links existence with ethics.
Impact of Gastrointestinal Bleeding on Prognosis and Associated Risk Factors in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bai Shuchen , Sun Yefei , Xu Hao 
Published: December 2024

Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. The impact of gastrointestinal bleeding on the prognosis of GISTs remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic significance of gastrointestinal bleeding in GIST patients and analyze associated risk factors. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies published up until December 31, 2023. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the relationship between gastrointestinal bleeding and prognosis. Subgroup analyses were performed based on bleeding location and other risk factors. Results Twelve studies involving 3475 patients were included. Gastrointestinal bleeding significantly affected the prognosis of GIST patients, including recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 1.57, 95% CI: 0.98-2.52, P < .01) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.33-6.97, P < .01). Patients with gastric GIST bleeding had significantly worse prognoses (HR = 4.37, 95% CI: 2.36-8.11, P < .01), while small intestinal bleeding showed no significant difference. The bleeding risk was lower in the small intestine compared to the stomach (HR = .63, 95% CI: 0.48-0.83, P < .01). Age under 65, male gender, tumor size ≥5 cm, and mitotic index ≥5 HPF were identified as high-risk factors for GIST bleeding. Conclusions Gastrointestinal bleeding significantly impacts the prognosis of GIST patients, particularly in those with gastric bleeding.
Does Inflation-targeting Policies Worsen Income Inequality in its Trading Partner?
Authors: Ganguly Shrimoyee , Acharyya Rajat 
Published: December 2024

Interest rate hike as an instrument for inflation-targeting has been adopted quite aggressively in recent times by the Fed Bank of the United States, which has some far-reaching implications for emerging market economies like India. In such a context, this article explores implications of interest rate hike by a large foreign country for wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers in a domestic economy. We focus on the supply side channel: hike in foreign interest rate affecting wage inequality through its impact on domestic investment, capital formation and consequent changes in the composition of aggregate output. We show that the wage inequality worsens if capital-cost share in a composite traded good is larger than the capital-cost share in a skill-based export-good Z. Domestic policies such as credit expansion by changing the cash-reserve ratio and increase in money supply help mitigate this worsening wage-inequality effect of interest hike abroad. This issue assumes relevance because of rising concerns among the major central banks the world over about the income distributional impacts of monetary policies, whereas most of the recent income inequality trends seem to have been contributed largely by rising skill premiums. JEL Codes: E52, F41, F11, E24
International Fragmentation, Skill Formation and Emigration: A General Equilibrium Approach
Authors: Basak Subhasree , Gupta Kausik 
Published: December 2024

This article departs from only conventional trade in final goods and focuses on the incentive that induces the producers of final goods to import raw materials from abroad instead of using domestically produced intermediate goods. The article then explores the plausible impact of skill formation and emigration of both unskilled and skilled labour on the incentive for fragmentation. The results suggest that a drive towards skill formation expands the zone of international fragmentation. Again, emigration of either type of labour usually reduces the incentive to fragment the production process. The effect on the overall volume of imports depends on the degree of complementarity between factors of production like skilled labour and foreign capital. Not only does the article capture the trade-off between emigration and skill formation and their opposite impact on the zone of fragmentation, but it also captures the linkage between the emigration of unskilled workers and their skill formation by introducing the concept of ‘unskilled-pushed skilled emigration’. JEL Classification: F11, F12, F16, F22
Dynamic automated assessment of functionally limited temporomandibular disorders using motion analysis
Authors: Wu Ruibin , Jiang Yuzhen , Zhu Yinghui , Wang Wei , Huang Peizhu , Dong Xiaoqing , Suhail Shaikh Muhammad 
Published: December 2024

Objective This study investigated a method for assessing movement patterns in patients with functionally limited temporomandibular disorders using minimal equipment. The aim was to enable clinicians to better understand temporomandibular joint function, support treatment decision-making, and provide data for documenting disease progression. Methods This retrospective, observational study included 45 patients with functionally limited temporomandibular disorders (Group A) and 40 healthy volunteers (Group B). Video data of temporomandibular joint movements were recorded. Measurements, including maximum mouth opening distance, maximum offset distance, maximum offset angle, direction of offset, and fluctuation graphs of offset angle and distance, were obtained using manual methods and an automatic measurement program. The results were statistically analyzed. Results Statistically significant differences were observed between patients and the control group in the manually measured mouth opening distance and offset distance, as well as in the automatically measured offset distance and offset angle. Conclusion Automated testing methods can effectively assess the motor function of functionally limited temporomandibular joints, providing more objective, data-driven, and graphical testing indexes. Further research is warranted to explore their practical significance.
Thermofluid process simulation of wet biomass and ammonia co-firing in an industrial watertube boiler
Authors: Laubscher Ryno , Rousseau Pieter , Malan Leon , De Villiers Etienne 
Published: December 2024

Co-firing of ammonia with low-carbon biomass fuels can promote cleaner energy by employing a carbon-free alternative in tandem with traditional fuels. However, doing this in a boiler specifically designed for solid fuel with high moisture content could pose challenges. In the present work, an integrated thermofluid network model of a whole boiler firing sugarcane bagasse is developed and applied to investigate the effect of co-firing ammonia on the thermal performance. The results show that the primary impacts are an increase in the adiabatic flame temperature and a reduction in total flue gas flow rates. This is due to the higher HHV of ammonia compared to biomass, along with lower excess air ratios. At a blending ratio of 0.5 kg NH3/kg biomass, there is a 58% reduction in CO2 mass flow rate in the flue gas. The impact on furnace exit gas temperature, spray water flow rates and intermediate header temperatures are small, and the economizer does not run the risk of acid corrosion. It also shows that ammonia co-firing could potentially be used to stabilize boiler efficiency and reduce the sensitivity of the temperature control system when a batch of high moisture fuel is introduced. Therefore, for this boiler the co-firing of ammonia with wet biomass has a beneficial effect on both boiler operation and environmental impact.
Does the Level of the Conus Medullaris Affect CSF Leak Incidence During Spinal Surgery?
Authors: Kennedy Ronan , Ali Aiden , Hughes Simon , Hassan Faizul , Botchu Rajesh 
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims: This study examines whether the level of the conus medullaris affects the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in spinal surgery. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 55 patients who had suffered from CSF leaks post-operatively. The data was stratified by spinal pathology, age, and sex using patient records and MRI scans/reports. Results: The results show that more patients with a CSF leak had surgery for disc pathologies as opposed to spinal stenosis. Additionally, patients with spinal stenosis were generally older, and there were more women in the CSF leak cohort. Notably, patients with disc pathologies had a higher conus level than those with spinal stenosis, with no CSF leaks occurring in patients with low-lying conus levels at or below L3. Conclusion: We did not find any correlation between level of conus and CSF leaks.
Health Disparities in Hospice-Home Health Transitions in Hispanic Older Adults With Co-occurring Dementia and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Bigger Sharon E. , Grubbs Kathy Howard , Cao Yan , Towsley Gail L. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose In the US, nearly one-third of skilled home health (HH) patients and nearly one-half of hospice patients live with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Hispanic older adults are more likely to live with ADRD than white non-Hispanic older adults. Persons with ADRD, compared to their counterparts without ADRD, have a prolonged trajectory of decline and experience multiple care transitions between health care settings, bringing risks for poor outcomes. Little is known about patients transitioning between skilled HH and hospice. We aimed to determine if there were demographic and/or diagnostic variables associated with the frequency of transitions between skilled HH and hospice. Design In a cross-sectional study, we used Medicare claims data from 2020 and descriptive statistics including Chi-Square to determine demographic and diagnostic differences in frequency of care transitions between skilled HH and hospice for older adults with ADRD. Findings In N = 272,323 hospice episodes, Hispanic older adult beneficiaries with ADRD and co-occurring cardiovascular disease (CVD) had significantly higher rates of care transitions from hospice to skilled HH ( P = 0.037) than other racial and ethnic groups with both diagnoses. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence of disparities in care transitions from hospice to skilled HH for Hispanic older adults living with ADRD and CVD. Multiple factors may impact this result: Hospice low quality scores, insufficient advance care planning and understanding of hospice philosophy, and policies affecting eligibility. Implications include policy change and greater coordination of care for older adults with co-occurring ADRD and CVD, with attention to health equity.