bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal–spatial changes in the belowground bud bank in interdune lowlands of an active sand dune ecosystem in northeastern China
Authors: Wu Jing , Qian Jianqiang , Zhou Quanlai , Yang Wanqin , Liu Zhimin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
The belowground bud bank plays an important role in vegetation restoration of sand dune ecosystems in semi-arid regions. However, few studies have focused on the temporal–spatial changes of belowground bud banks in interdune lowlands.

Methods
The size and composition of belowground bud bank in five interdune lowlands with different sizes were investigated for one growing season to determine the temporal and spatial changes in belowground bud bank.

Important Findings
Total bud bank density was the highest in the medium-sized interdune lowland as was tiller bud density. The density of stem-base buds exhibited an opposite trend while rhizome bud density did not change with interdune lowland size. There was a significant seasonal change in the bud bank size. The total bud density peaked in August and was the lowest in October. A similar trend was found for rhizome bud density, whereas the density of stem-base buds showed an opposite trend, and tiller bud density did not change significantly during the growing season. We conclude that the belowground bud bank density is changed with interdune lowland size and season. These results contribute to the understanding of adaptive strategies of plants growing in active dune ecosystems and provide pointers for adopting effective measures to restore and conserve dune vegetation in semi-arid regions.
The COS Absorption Survey of Baryon Harbors: unveiling the physical conditions of circumgalactic gas through multiphase Bayesian ionization modelling
Authors: Haislmaier Karl J , Tripp Todd M , Katz Neal , Prochaska J Xavier , Burchett Joseph N , O’Meara John M , Werk Jessica K 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Quasar absorption systems encode a wealth of information about the abundances, ionization structure, and physical conditions in intergalactic and circumgalactic media. Simple (often single-phase) photoionization models are frequently used to decode such data. Using five discrete absorbers from the COS Absorption Survey of Baryon Harbors (CASBaH) that exhibit a wide range of detected ions (e.g. Mg ii, S ii – S vi, O ii – O vi, Ne viii), we show several examples where single-phase ionization models cannot reproduce the full set of measured column densities. To explore models that can self-consistently explain the measurements and kinematic alignment of disparate ions, we develop a Bayesian multiphase ionization modelling framework that characterizes discrete phases by their unique physical conditions and also investigates variations in the shape of the UV flux field, metallicity, and relative abundances. Our models require at least two (but favour three) distinct ionization phases ranging from T ≈ 104 K photoionized gas to warm-hot phases at T ≲ 105.8 K. For some ions, an apparently single absorption ‘component' includes contributions from more than one phase, and up to 30 per cent of the H i is not from the lowest ionization phase. If we assume that all of the phases are photoionized, we cannot find solutions in thermal pressure equilibrium. By introducing hotter, collisionally ionized phases, however, we can achieve balanced pressures. The best models indicate moderate metallicities, often with subsolar N/α, and, in two cases, ionizing flux fields that are softer and brighter than the fiducial Haardt & Madau UV background model.
Multiband light-curve analysis of the 40.5-min period eclipsing double-degenerate binary SDSS J082239.54+304857.19
Authors: Kosakowski Alekzander , Kilic Mukremin , Brown Warren 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the Apache Point Observatory BG40 broad-band and simultaneous Gemini r-band and i-band high-speed follow-up photometry observations and analysis of the 40.5-min period eclipsing detached double-degenerate binary SDSS J082239.54+304857.19. Our APO data spans over 318 d and includes 13 primary eclipses, from which we precisely measure the system’s orbital period and improve the time of mid-eclipse measurement. We fit the light curves for each filter individually and show that this system contains a low-mass DA white dwarf with radius RA = 0.031 ± 0.006 R⊙ and a RB = 0.013 ± 0.005 R⊙ companion at an inclination of i = 87.7 ± 0.2○. We use the best-fitting eclipsing light curve model to estimate the temperature of the secondary star as Teff = 5200 ± 100 K. Finally, while we do not record significant offsets to the expected time of mid-eclipse caused by the emission of gravitational waves with our 1-yr baseline, we show that a 3σ significant measurement of the orbital decay due to gravitational waves will be possible in 2023, at which point the eclipse will occur about 8  s earlier than expected.
Sirius: a prototype astronomical intensity interferometer using avalanche photodiodes in linear mode
Authors: Oh Junghwan , Wagner Jan , Trippe Sascha , Lee Taeseok , Lee Bangwon , Kim Chang Hee 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Optical intensity interferometry, developed in the 1950s, is a simple and inexpensive method for achieving angular resolutions on microarcsecond scales. Its low sensitivity has limited intensity interferometric observations to bright stars so far. Substantial improvements are possible by using avalanche photodiodes (APDs) as light detectors. Several recent experiments used APDs in single-photon detection mode; however, these either provide low electronic bandwidths (few MHz) or require very narrow optical bandpasses. We present here the results of laboratory measurements with a prototype astronomical intensity interferometer using two APDs observing an artificial star in continuous (‘linear’) detection mode with an electronic bandwidth of 100 MHz. We find a photon–photon correlation of about 10−6, as expected from the ratio of the coherence times of the light source and the detectors. In a configuration where both detectors are on the optical axis (zero baseline), we achieve a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼2700 after 10 min of integration. When measuring the correlation as a function of baseline, we find a Gaussian correlation profile with a standard deviation corresponding to an angular half-width of the artificial star of 0.55 arcsec, in agreement with the estimate by the manufacturer. Our results demonstrate the possibility to construct large astronomical intensity interferometers using linear-mode APDs.
Assessing uncertainties in the predicted very high energy flux of globular clusters in the Cherenkov Telescope Array era
Authors: Ndiyavala-Davids Hambeleleni , Venter Christo , Kopp Andreas , Backes Michael 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Terzan 5 is the only Galactic globular cluster that has plausibly been detected in the very high energy range. Stacking upper limits by High-Energy Stereoscopic System on the integral γ-ray flux of a population of other globular clusters are very constraining for leptonic cluster emission models. We demonstrate that uncertainty in model parameters leads to a large spread in the predicted flux, and there are indeed regions in parameter space for which the stringent stacking upper limits are satisfied. We conduct two more case studies: we study the uncertainties in differential TeV flux for M15, showing that our model can satisfy the stringent MAGIC upper limits for this cluster, for typical cluster parameters. We also calculate the differential flux at TeV energies for ω Cen, from which five pulsars have recently been detected at radio energies. It is thus important to increase measurement accuracy on key model parameters in order to improve predictions of cluster fluxes so as to better guide the observational strategy of the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
Stellar splashback: the edge of the intracluster light
Authors: Deason Alis J , Oman Kyle A , Fattahi Azadeh , Schaller Matthieu , Jauzac Mathilde , Zhang Yuanyuan , Montes Mireia , Bahé Yannick M , Dalla Vecchia Claudio , Kay Scott T , Evans Tilly A 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We examine the outskirts of galaxy clusters in the C-EAGLE simulations to quantify the ‘edges’ of the stellar and dark matter distribution. The radius of the steepest slope in the dark matter, commonly used as a proxy for the splashback radius, is located at $\sim \, r_{200 \rm m}$; the strength and location of this feature depends on the recent mass accretion rate, in good agreement with previous work. Interestingly, the stellar distribution (or intracluster light, ICL) also has a well-defined edge, which is directly related to the splashback radius of the halo. Thus, detecting the edge of the ICL can provide an independent measure of the physical boundary of the halo, and the recent mass accretion rate. We show that these caustics can also be seen in the projected density profiles, but care must be taken to account for the influence of substructures and other non-diffuse material, which can bias and/or weaken the signal of the steepest slope. This is particularly important for the stellar material, which has a higher fraction bound in subhaloes than the dark matter. Finally, we show that the ‘stellar splashback’ feature is located beyond current observational constraints on the ICL, but these large projected distances (≫1 Mpc) and low surface brightnesses (μ ≫ 32 mag arcsec−2) can be reached with upcoming observational facilities such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, and Euclid.
Gaia pulsars and where to find them
Authors: Antoniadis John 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
While the majority of massive stars have a stellar companion, most pulsars appear to be isolated. Taken at face value, this suggests that most massive binaries break apart due to strong natal kicks received in supernova explosions. However, the observed binary fraction can still be subject to strong selection effects, as monitoring of newly discovered pulsars is rarely carried out for long enough to conclusively rule out multiplicity. Here, we use the second Gaia data release to search for companions to 1534 rotation-powered pulsars with positions known to better than 0.5 arcsec. We find 22 matches to known pulsars, including 1 not reported elsewhere, and 8 new possible companions to young pulsars. We examine the photometric and kinematic properties of these systems and provide empirical relations for identifying Gaia sources with potential millisecond pulsar companions. Our results confirm that the observed multiplicity fraction is small. However, we show that the number of binaries below the sensitivity of Gaia and radio timing in our sample could still be significantly higher. We constrain the binary fraction of young pulsars to be $f_{\rm young}^{\rm true}\le 5.3(8.3){{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ under realistic (conservative) assumptions for the binary properties and current sensitivity thresholds. For massive stars (≥10 M⊙) in particular, we find $f_{\rm OB}^{\rm true}\le 3.7{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, which sets a firm independent upper limit on the Galactic neutron star merger rate, ≤7.2 × 10−4 yr−1. Ongoing and future projects, such as the CHIME/pulsar program, MeerTime, HIRAX, and ultimately the SKA, will significantly improve these constraints in the future.
Pairing function of visual binary stars
Authors: Chulkov Dmitry 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAn all-sky sample of 1227 visual binaries based on Washington Double Star catalogue is constructed to infer the initial mass function (IMF), mass ratio, and projected distance distribution with a dedicated population synthesis model. Parallaxes from Gaia DR2 and Hipparcos are used to verify the distance distribution. The model is validated on the single-star Tycho-2 sample and successfully reproduces the observed magnitudes and angular separations. The projected separation distribution follows f(s) ∼ s−1.2 in 102–2 × 103 au range for 1–4.5 m⊙ primary stars. Several algorithms are explored as pairing functions. Random pairing is confidently rejected. Primary-constrained pairing (PCP) and split-core pairing (SCP), the scenarios adopting primary component’s or total system’s mass as fundamental, are considered. The preferred IMF slope is α ∼ 2.8 either way. A simple power-law mass ratio distribution is unlikely, but the introduction of a twin excess provides a favourable result. PCP with f(q) ∼ q−1 is preferred with a tiny twin fraction, models with f(q) ∼ q−1.5 are acceptable when a larger twin excess is allowed. SCP is similar to PCP when a larger slope of the power law is adopted: f(q) ∼ qβ + 0.7.
RCSB Protein Data Bank: powerful new tools for exploring 3D structures of biological macromolecules for basic and applied research and education in fundamental biology, biomedicine, biotechnology, bioengineering and energy sciences
Authors: Burley Stephen K , Bhikadiya Charmi , Bi Chunxiao , Bittrich Sebastian , Chen Li , Crichlow Gregg V , Christie Cole H , Dalenberg Kenneth , Di Costanzo Luigi , Duarte Jose M , Dutta Shuchismita , Feng Zukang , Ganesan Sai , Goodsell David S , Ghosh Sutapa , Green Rachel Kramer , Guranović Vladimir , Guzenko Dmytro , Hudson Brian P , Lawson Catherine L , Liang Yuhe , Lowe Robert , Namkoong Harry , Peisach Ezra , Persikova Irina , Randle Chris , Rose Alexander , Rose Yana , Sali Andrej , Segura Joan , Sekharan Monica , Shao Chenghua , Tao Yi-Ping , Voigt Maria , Westbrook John D , Young Jasmine Y , Zardecki Christine , Zhuravleva Marina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB), the US data center for the global PDB archive and a founding member of the Worldwide Protein Data Bank partnership, serves tens of thousands of data depositors in the Americas and Oceania and makes 3D macromolecular structure data available at no charge and without restrictions to millions of RCSB.org users around the world, including &gt;660 000 educators, students and members of the curious public using PDB101.RCSB.org. PDB data depositors include structural biologists using macromolecular crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 3D electron microscopy and micro-electron diffraction. PDB data consumers accessing our web portals include researchers, educators and students studying fundamental biology, biomedicine, biotechnology, bioengineering and energy sciences. During the past 2 years, the research-focused RCSB PDB web portal (RCSB.org) has undergone a complete redesign, enabling improved searching with full Boolean operator logic and more facile access to PDB data integrated with &gt;40 external biodata resources. New features and resources are described in detail using examples that showcase recently released structures of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and host cell proteins relevant to understanding and addressing the COVID-19 global pandemic.
Against ‘Good for’/‘Well-Being’, for ‘Simply Good’
Authors: Hurka Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper challenges the widely held view that ‘good for’, ‘well-being’, and related terms express a distinctive evaluative concept of central importance for ethics and separate from ‘simply good’ as used by G. E. Moore and others. More specifically, it argues that there's no philosophically useful good-for or well-being concept that's neither merely descriptive in the sense of naturalistic nor reducible to ‘simply good’. The paper distinguishes two interpretations of the common claim that the value ‘good for’ expresses is distinctively ‘subject-relative’. One concerns the ground of this value, or the properties that make something good for you; it says these must involve some relation to you. The other concerns the resulting value itself, or what supervenes on this ground; it says that too involves a relation. Neither interpretation, the paper argues, yields a significantly distinct evaluative concept. The ethically fundamental evaluative concept is just ‘simply good’.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Conservative Care for Pregnancy-Related Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Lingxiao , Ferreira Manuela L , Beckenkamp Paula R , Caputo Eduardo L , Feng Shiqing , Ferreira Paulo H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
More than one-half of pregnant women experience pregnancy-related low back pain (LBP). Pregnancy-related LBP greatly affects activities of daily life, and although many interventions have been proposed, the optimal treatment for pregnancy-related LBP remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare conservative care strategies on their efficacy and safety for women with pregnancy-related LBP through systematic review with pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, AMED, CINAHL, PEDro, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to November 2019. Randomized controlled trials and observational controlled studies were included without restriction to language, sample size, or duration of follow-up. Two independent investigators extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. The quality of evidence was evaluated through Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

Results
Twenty-three studies were included in the qualitative synthesis (18 randomized controlled trials were included in the network meta-analysis). For women with LBP during pregnancy, progressive muscle relaxation therapy (mean difference = −3.96; 95% CI = −7.19 to −0.74; moderate-quality evidence) and Kinesio Taping (mean difference = −3.71; 95% CI = −6.55 to −0.87; low-quality evidence) reduced pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale, range = 0 to 10) compared with placebo. Moderate-quality evidence suggested that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improved physical function (mean difference = −6.33; 95% CI = −10.61 to −2.05; Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, range = 0–24) compared with placebo.

Conclusion
For patients with LBP during pregnancy, progressive muscle relaxation therapy and Kinesio Taping may help to decrease pain, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation may improve physical function.

Impact
This review helps fill the gap in evidence regarding optimal treatment for pregnancy-related LBP.

Lay Summary
If you have LBP during pregnancy, your physical therapist has evidence to support the use of progressive muscle relaxation therapy and Kinesio Taping to help decrease pain and the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to help improve physical function.
Relationship between motion, using the GaitSmartTM system, and radiographic knee osteoarthritis: an explorative analysis in the IMI-APPROACH cohort
Authors: van Helvoort Eefje M , Hodgins Diana , Mastbergen Simon C , Marijnissen Anne Karien , Guehring Hans , Loef Marieke , Kloppenburg Margreet , Blanco Francisco , Haugen Ida K , Berenbaum Francis , Lafeber Floris P J G , Welsing Paco M J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To assess underlying domains measured by GaitSmartTMparameters and whether these are additional to established OA markers including patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and radiographic parameters, and to evaluate if GaitSmart analysis is related to the presence and severity of radiographic knee OA.

Methods
GaitSmart analysis was performed during baseline visits of participants of the APPROACH cohort (n = 297). Principal component analyses (PCA) were performed to explore structure in relationships between GaitSmart parameters alone and in addition to radiographic parameters and PROMs. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to analyse the relationship of GaitSmart with the presence (Kellgren and Lawrence grade ≥2 in at least one knee) and severity of radiographic OA (ROA).

Results
Two hundred and eighty-four successful GaitSmart analyses were performed. The PCA identified five underlying GaitSmart domains. Radiographic parameters and PROMs formed additional domains indicating that GaitSmart largely measures separate concepts. Several GaitSmart domains were related to the presence of ROA as well as the severity of joint damage in addition to demographics and PROMs with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.724 and explained variances (adjusted R2) of 0.107, 0.132 and 0.147 for minimum joint space width, osteophyte area and mean subchondral bone density, respectively.

Conclusions
GaitSmart analysis provides additional information over established OA outcomes. GaitSmart parameters are also associated with the presence of ROA and extent of radiographic severity over demographics and PROMS. These results indicate that GaitsmartTM may be an additional outcome measure for the evaluation of OA.
Slow oscillation density and amplitude decrease across development in pediatric Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Simon Katharine C , Malerba Paola , Nakra Neal , Harrison Amy , Mednick Sara C , Nagel Marni 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
From childhood through adolescence, brain rhythms during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep show dramatic development that mirror underlying brain maturation. For example, the function and characteristics of slow oscillations (SOs, &lt;1 Hz) in healthy children are linked to brain development, motor skill, and cognition. However, little is known of possible changes in pediatric populations with neurologic abnormalities.

Methods
We measured slow oscillations in 28 Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy male patients from age 4 to 20 years old during overnight in-lab clinical sleep studies. We compared our pediatric patients by age to evaluate the developmental changes of SOs from childhood to early and late adolescence.

Results
Consistent with the current neuro- and physically typical literature, we found greater slow oscillation density (count of SOs per minute of each sleep stage) in NREM N3 than N2, and significantly greater slow oscillation density in frontal compared to central and occipital regions. However, separating patients into age-defined groups (child, early adolescent, and late adolescent) revealed a significant age effect, with a specific decline in the rate and amplitude of SOs.

Conclusions
We found that with age, pediatric patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy show a significant decline in slow oscillation density. Given the role that slow oscillations play in memory formation and retention, it is critical to developmentally characterize these brain rhythms in medically complex populations. Our work converges with previous pediatric sleep literature that promotes the use of sleep electroencephalographic markers as prognostic tools and identifies potential targets to promote our patients’ quality of life.
Older Workers With Disabilities: A Person-Centered Approach to Understanding the Effect of Comorbidity on Work Outcomes
Authors: Thrasher Gregory R , Markel Karen S , Barclay Lizabeth A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Research on persons with disabilities (PWD) has identified robust challenges faced by these individuals within the context of work. Although there are clear associations between disability status and employment outcomes, the literature on PWD suffers from two primary gaps: (1) there is currently little to no research on the comorbidity of disability characteristics and (2) the consideration of how disability status uniquely affects the ever-increasing population of older workers has been understudied. The current study takes a person-centered approach, via latent class analysis, to examine the effects of disability characteristics on employment outcomes for older workers. We present findings from a sample of 328 older workers who self-identified as having at least one of several disabilities. Results suggest that there are six different classes of older workers with disabilities defined by varying levels of comorbidity. Across these classes, we find significant differences in ratings of job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and perceptions of workplace discrimination.