bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation‐dependent control of an RNA granule‐localized protein that fine‐tunes defence gene expression at a post‐transcriptional level
Authors: Tabassum Naheed , Eschen‐Lippold Lennart , Athmer Benedikt , Baruah Manaswita , Brode Martina , Maldonado‐Bonilla Luis D. , Hoehenwarter Wolfgang , Hause Gerd , Scheel Dierk , Lee Justin 
Published: October 2019

SummaryMitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are key signalling modules of plant defence responses to pathogen‐associated molecular patterns [PAMPs; e.g. the bacterial peptide flagellin (flg22)]. Tandem zinc finger protein 9 (TZF9) is a RNA‐binding protein that is phosphorylated by two PAMP‐responsive MAPKs, MPK3 and MPK6. We mapped the major phosphosites in TZF9 and showed their importance for controlling in vitro RNA‐binding activity, in vivo flg22‐induced rapid disappearance of TZF9‐labelled processing body‐like structures and TZF9 protein turnover. Microarray analysis showed a strong discordance between transcriptome (total mRNA) and translatome (polysome‐associated mRNA) in the tzf9 mutant, with more mRNAs associated with ribosomes in the absence of TZF9. This suggests that TZF9 may sequester and inhibit the translation of subsets of mRNAs. Fittingly, TZF9 physically interacts with poly(A)‐binding protein 2 (PAB2), a hallmark constituent of stress granules – sites for stress‐induced translational stalling/arrest. TZF9 even promotes the assembly of stress granules in the absence of stress. Hence, MAPKs may control defence gene expression post‐transcriptionally through release from translation arrest within TZF9–PAB2‐containing RNA granules or by perturbing the function of PAB2 in translation control (e.g. in the mRNA closed‐loop model of translation).
Natural variations in the promoter of Awn Length Inhibitor 1 (ALI‐1) are associated with awn elongation and grain length in common wheat
Authors: Wang Dongzhi , Yu Kang , Jin Di , Sun Linhe , Chu Jinfang , Wu Wenying , Xin Peiyong , Gregová Edita , Li Xin , Sun Jiazhu , Yang Wenlong , Zhan Kehui , Zhang Aimin , Liu Dongcheng 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWheat awn plays a vital role in photosynthesis, grain production, and drought tolerance. However, the systematic identification or cloning of genes controlling wheat awn development is seldom reported. Here, we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) with 364 wheat accessions and identified 26 loci involved in awn length development, including previously characterized B1, B2, Hd, and several rice homologs. The dominant awn suppressor B1 was fine mapped to a 125‐kb physical interval, and a C2H2 zinc finger protein Awn Length Inhibitor 1 (ALI‐1) was confirmed to be the underlying gene of the B1 locus through the functional complimentary test with native awnless allele. ALI‐1 expresses predominantly in the developing spike of awnless individuals, transcriptionally suppressing downstream genes. ALI‐1 reduces cytokinin content and simultaneously restrains cytokinin signal transduction, leading to a stagnation of cell proliferation and reduction of cell numbers during awn development. Polymorphisms of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in ALI‐1 promoter region are diagnostic for the B1/b1 genotypes, and these SNPs are associated with awn length (AL), grain length (GL) and thousand‐grain weight (TGW). More importantly, ali‐1 was observed to increase grain length in wheat, which is a valuable attribute of awn on grain weight, aside from photosynthesis. Therefore, ALI‐1 pleiotropically regulates awn and grain development, providing an alternative for grain yield improvement and addressing future climate changes.
Verification of Submodeling for the Finite Element Analysis of Stress Concentrations
Authors: Kardak A. A. , Sinclair G. B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Submodeling enables finite element engineers to focus analysis on the subregion containing the stress concentrator of interest with consequent computational savings. Such benefits are only really gained if the boundary conditions on the edges of the subregion that are drawn from an initial global finite element analysis (FEA) are verified to have been captured sufficiently accurately. Here, we offer a two-pronged approach aimed at realizing such solution verification. The first element of this approach is an improved means of assessing the error induced by submodel boundary conditions. The second element is a systematic sizing of the submodel region so that boundary-condition errors become acceptable. The resulting submodel procedure is demonstrated on a series of two-dimensional (2D) configurations with significant stress concentrations: four test problems and one application. For the test problems, the assessment means are uniformly successful in determining when submodel boundary conditions are accurate and when they are not. When, at first, they are not, the sizing approach is also consistently successful in enlarging submodel regions until submodel boundary conditions do become sufficiently accurate.
A Novel Delay-Independent Robust Adaptive Controller Design for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems With Time-Varying State Delay
Authors: Azmi Hadi , Yazdizadeh Alireza 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, two novel adaptive control strategies are presented based on the linear matrix inequality for nonlinear Lipschitz systems. The proposed approaches are developed by creatively using Krasovskii stability theory to compensate parametric uncertainty, unknown time-varying internal delay, and bounded matched or mismatched disturbance effects in closed-loop system of nonlinear systems. The online adaptive tuning controllers are designed such that reference input tracking and asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system are guaranteed. A novel structural algorithm is developed based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) and boundaries of the system delay or uncertainty. The capabilities of the proposed tracking and regulation methods are verified by simulation of three physical uncertain nonlinear system with real practical parameters subject to internal or state time delay and disturbance.
On the Temperature-Rate Dependent Two-Temperature Thermoelasticity Theory
Authors: Shivay Om Namha , Mukhopadhyay Santwana 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This work aims to formulate the temperature-rate dependent two-temperature (TRDTT) theory of thermoelasticity. The two-temperature thermoelasticity theory and the temperature-rate dependent thermoelasticity theory are two well-established thermoelasticity theories, which are developed from the generalized thermodynamic principles independently. Although the constitutive equations for TRDTT theory have been introduced, the formulation for the theory from the thermodynamical principles is not yet derived. Therefore, this work is an attempt to establish the theory from the generalized laws of thermodynamics and derive all the governing equations and constitutive relations for the theory. We derive a new and more general two-temperature relation that involves the temperature-rate terms of conductive and thermodynamic temperatures. We observe that this relation is different from the two-temperature relation reported in the literature. Further, we prove the uniqueness of solution for a general mixed initial boundary value problem in the context of linear modified TRDTT thermoelasticity theory for anisotropic medium. To investigate the effect of the present modified TRDTT theory, we solve a one-dimensional half-space problem and highlight the significance of the present theory.
Heat Transfer in a Rotating, Blade-Shaped Serpentine Cooling Passage With Discrete Ribbed Walls at High Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Wright Lesley M. , Yang Shang-Feng , Wu Hao-Wei , Han Je-Chin , Lee Ching-Pang , Azad Salam , Um Jae 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper experimentally investigates the effect of rotation on heat transfer in a typical turbine blade, three-pass, serpentine coolant channel with discrete ribbed walls at high Reynolds numbers. To achieve the high Reynolds number (Re → 190,000) and low rotation number conditions, pressurized Freon R-134a vapor is utilized as the working fluid. Cooling flow in the first passage is radial outward; after the 180 deg tip turn, the flow is radial inward through the second passage; and after the 180 deg hub turn, the flow is radial outward in the third passage. The effects of rotation on the heat transfer coefficients were investigated at rotation numbers as low as 0.07 and Reynolds numbers from 85,000 to 187,000 (based on the first passage geometry and flow conditions). Heat transfer coefficients were measured using thermocouples embedded in copper plates to provide regionally averaged heat transfer coefficients. Heat transfer enhancement due to rotation is observed on the first passage, pressure-side with radially outward flow and the second passage, suction-side with radially inward flow, but a reduction in heat transfer is observed on the third passage pressure-side with radially outward flow. In addition, results from the discrete, broken ribs are compared with those from the same serpentine coolant passage with conventional, angled ribbed walls. A significant increase in the heat transfer due to the discrete ribs is observed in the first passage. These results can be useful for understanding real rotor blade coolant passage heat transfer under high Reynolds number and low rotation number conditions.
Failure Analysis of Inlet Pipeline of a Spray Cooler
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Xu Jing , Zhu Xiaolei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Corrosion perforation occurs frequently in oil field pipelines under strong oxidation environment. The causes for the failure of spray cooler after approximately 87,600 h in service have been investigated. To determine the failure mechanisms of pipes, material characterization and numerical analysis are conducted on the inlet pipeline. Ultrasonic thickness measurement is performed to check the corrosion rate and corrosion type of the pipe. Scanning electron microscopy is employed to observe the microscopic corrosion morphology of the pipeline. The microstructure of the corrosion products and the cause of corrosion are investigated using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Chemical composition and metallographic structure investigations are conducted to study the characteristics of the materials. Finite element analysis of the pipeline is employed to evaluate the deformation and stress distribution of the corrosion product film with a fluid–solid coupling model. Results of this investigation indicate that the reason of failure was the existence of strong oxidizing substances and the uneven distribution of corrosion rate that resulted from fluid accelerating corrosion.
Clinical clues predictive of Stevens-Johnson syndrome as the cause of chronic cicatrising conjunctivitis
Authors: Shanbhag Swapna S , Chanda Sanjay , Donthineni Pragnya Rao , Sane Sayali Sanjeev , Priyadarshini Smruti Rekha , Basu Sayan 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis study aimed to identify the clinical clues in patients with chronic cicatrising conjunctivitis (CCC), that were suggestive of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) as the aetiology.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional observational study of 75 patients presenting with CCC from 2016 to 2018. Those with a documented diagnosis of SJS (n=43) were included as cases; while those with a positive serology or tissue biopsy for a non-SJS condition were included as controls (n=32). The features in the medical history and clinical examination that were positively and negatively associated with SJS were scored +1 and −1, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to detect the threshold score for optimal sensitivity and specificity of the scoring system.ResultsNo single feature had absolute sensitivity and specify for SJS. The 10 positive features suggestive of SJS (p<0.0001) included (1) history of: acute conjunctivitis, fever or drug intake preceding conjunctivitis, peeling of skin on pressure, loss of nails and severe morbidity with hospital admission; and (2) clinical features of: skin discoloration, nail disfigurement, lip-margin dermalisation, lid-margin keratinisation and distichiasis. The two negative criteria were history of mucosal ulcers without skin involvement and recurrent mucosal ulceration. On ROC analysis, a score of >5 showed a sensitivity of 90.7% and specificity of 93.8% for the diagnosis of SJS.ConclusionsThe combination of clinical clues identified in this study can help clinicians confirm SJS as the aetiology of conjunctival cicatrisation, especially when reliable documentation of the acute episode is not available.
Cognitive functional therapy compared with a group-based exercise and education intervention for chronic low back pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT)
Authors: O'Keeffe Mary , O'Sullivan Peter , Purtill Helen , Bargary Norma , O'Sullivan Kieran 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundOne-size-fits-all interventions reduce chronic low back pain (CLBP) a small amount. An individualised intervention called cognitive functional therapy (CFT) was superior for CLBP compared with manual therapy and exercise in one randomised controlled trial (RCT). However, systematic reviews show group interventions are as effective as one-to-one interventions for musculoskeletal pain. This RCT investigated whether a physiotherapist-delivered individualised intervention (CFT) was more effective than physiotherapist-delivered group-based exercise and education for individuals with CLBP.Methods206 adults with CLBP were randomised to either CFT (n=106) or group-based exercise and education (n=100). The length of the CFT intervention varied according to the clinical progression of participants (mean=5 treatments). The group intervention consisted of up to 6 classes (mean=4 classes) over 6–8 weeks. Primary outcomes were disability and pain intensity in the past week at 6 months and 12months postrandomisation. Analysis was by intention-to-treat using linear mixed models.ResultsCFT reduced disability more than the group intervention at 6 months (mean difference, 8.65; 95% CI 3.66 to 13.64; p=0.001), and at 12 months (mean difference, 7.02; 95% CI 2.24 to 11.80; p=0.004). There were no between-group differences observed in pain intensity at 6 months (mean difference, 0.76; 95% CI -0.02 to 1.54; p=0.056) or 12 months (mean difference, 0.65; 95% CI -0.20 to 1.50; p=0.134).ConclusionCFT reduced disability, but not pain, at 6 and 12 months compared with the group-based exercise and education intervention. Future research should examine whether the greater reduction in disability achieved by CFT renders worthwhile differences for health systems and patients.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov registry (NCT02145728).
Validation of Novel Fibrosis Index (NFI) for assessment of liver fibrosis: comparison with transient elastography (FibroScan)
Authors: Hussain Azhar , Gul Muhammad Asif , Khalid Muhammad Usama 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundIn this study, we collated cheap and readily available non-invasive biomarkers and FibroScan score in predicting fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.MethodsWe studied 1898 patients with HCV infection confirmed by presence of HCV RNA in their serum. We compared the FibroScan score and fibrosis indices (FIs): aspartate transaminase (AST) to alanine transaminase (ALT) ratio (AAR), AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), FI, fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), Age-Platelet Index (API), Pohl score, Fibrosis Cirrhosis Index (FCI). We developed a new FI, named Novel Fibrosis Index (NFI) calculated by the following formula: NFI=[(bilirubin×(ALP)2)/(platelet count (albumin)2)]−n.ResultsAAR, APRI, FI, FIB-4, API, Pohl score, FCI and NFI were able to predict fibrosis stage with correlation coefficient indices 0.848, 0.711, 0.618, 0.741, 0.529, 0.360, 0.477 and 0.26, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed sensitivity and specificity for predicting F3 by NFI=75.1% and 41.1% and F4 for NFI=72.1% and 47.1%, AAR=62.8% and 37.6%, APRI=74.6% and 87.6%, FIB-4=53.2% and 72.3%, FI=78.1% and 92.3%, API=78.1% and 60%, Pohl score=38.1% and 78.1% and FCI=78.1% and 88.1%.ConclusionsOur NFI predicted F3 and has been found to have more sensitivity and specificity in predicting F4 fibrosis stage than other FIs.
Association of liver enzymes levels with fasting plasma glucose levels in Southern China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Huang Ling-Ling , Guo Dong-Hui , Xu Hui-Yan , Tang Song-Tao , Wang Xiao Xiao , Jin Yong-Ping , Wang Peixi 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveAccording to several studies, liver enzymes levels are associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. However, the association stratified by body mass index (BMI) remains to be elucidated, especially in Southern China. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between liver enzymes levels and FPG levels stratified by BMI in Southern China.DesignCross-sectional study.Participants and setting3056 individuals participated in real-time interviews and blood tests in Southern China. Participants were divided into three groups (underweight, normal weight and overweight or obesity) based on BMI cut-offs.Main outcome measuredPartial correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between FPG levels and liver tests. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to calculate the adjusted ORs for FPG levels based on liver enzymes levels.ResultsThere was no association between liver enzymes and FPG either in the underweight group or in the normal weight group; however, a significant correlation was observed in the overweight or obesity group (alanine transaminase (ALT), p<0.01; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), p<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, the highest tertiles of ALT still remained significantly positively related to FPG levels in the overweight or obesity group, with an OR of 2.205 (95% CI 1.442 to 3.371) for the 5.56≤FPG<7.00 mmol/L vs the FPG<5.56 mmol/L group and with an OR of 2.297 (95% CI 1.017 to 5.187) for the FPG≥7.00 mmol/L vs the FPG<5.56 mmol/L group, but this correlation was not found for AST.ConclusionsThe association of liver enzymes levels with FPG levels differed based on different BMI cut-offs. ALT levels were significantly positively associated with FPG levels in the overweight or obesity group, but not in the other two groups; AST levels were not associated with FPG levels in any group.
Ability of verbal autopsy data to detect deaths due to uncontrolled hyperglycaemia: testing existing methods and development and validation of a novel weighted score
Authors: Blackstock Sarah , Witham Miles D , Wade Alisha N , Crampin Amelia , Beran David , Ogle Graham D , Davies Justine I 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesVerbal autopsy (VA) is a useful tool to ascertain cause of death where no other mechanisms exist. We aimed to assess the utility of VA data to ascertain deaths due to uncontrolled hyperglycaemia and to develop a weighted score (WS) to specifically identify cases. Cases were identified by a study or site physician with training in diabetes. These diagnoses were also compared with diagnoses produced by a standard computer algorithm (InterVA-4).SettingThis study was done using VA data from the Health and Demographic Survey sites in Agincourt in rural South Africa. Validation of the WS was done using VA data from Karonga in Malawi.ParticipantsAll deaths from ages 1 to 49 years between 1992 and 2015 and between 2002 and 2016 from Agincourt and Karonga, respectively. There were 8699 relevant deaths in Agincourt and 1663 in Karonga.ResultsOf the Agincourt deaths, there were 77 study physician classified cases and 58 computer algorithm classified cases. Agreement between study physician classified cases and computer algorithm classified cases was poor (Cohen’s kappa 0.14). Our WS produced a receiver operator curve with area under the curve of 0.952 (95% CI 0.920 to 0.985). However, positive predictive value (PPV) was below 50% when the WS was applied to the development set and the score was dominated by the necessity for a premortem diagnosis of diabetes. Independent validation showed the WS performed reasonably against site physician classified cases with sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 99%, PPV of 60% and negative predictive value of 99%.ConclusionOur results suggest that widely used VA methodologies may be missing deaths due to uncontrolled hyperglycaemia. Our WS may offer improved ability to detect deaths due to uncontrolled hyperglycaemia in large populations studies where no other means exist.
Perceptions, experiences and barriers to lifestyle modifications in first-generation Middle Eastern immigrants to Sweden: a qualitative study
Authors: Olaya-Contreras Patricia , Balcker-Lundgren Katarina , Siddiqui Faiza , Bennet Louise 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Iraqi immigrants to Sweden is high and partly related to sedentary physical activity and calorie dense food. The aim of the present study was to explore perceptions, experiences and barriers concerning lifestyle modifications (LSM) in Iraqi immigrants to Sweden at risk for T2D.DesignA qualitative thematic analysis was conducted on data collected from gender-specific focus group interviews which took place during a culturally adapted randomised controlled intervention study addressing motivation to lifestyle change, self-empowerment, behavioural modifications and sociocultural barriers to LSM. Seven focus groups were held, with an interval of 1–4 weeks between January and May of 2015; each session lasted approximately 1.5 hours.SettingThe city of Malmö, Sweden.ParticipantsOut of 27 women and 23 men assigned to the intervention group, 19 women and 14 men who attended at least one focus group session were included in the study.ResultsParticipants expressed awareness of the content of healthy lifestyle practices. They also expressed numerous social and cultural barriers to LSM connected to irregular meals, overeating, food and drinking preferences and family expectations. Overeating was described as a consequence of social and cultural norms and expectations and of poor mental well-being. Facilitators for reaching successful LSM were connected to family involvement and support.ConclusionOur study reports that facilitators for LSM are connected to presence of family support. Preventive actions addressing family involvement may benefit Middle Eastern immigrants at high risk for T2D to consider healthier lifestyles practices. Identification of sociocultural barriers and facilitators for LSM are crucial for successful health promotion in minority populations at risk for T2D.Trial registrationTrial registration number:NCT01420198for the MEDIM-study; Pre-results.