bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoter Proximal Pausing Limits Tumorous Growth Induced by the Yki Transcription Factor in Drosophila
Authors: Nagarkar Sanket , Wasnik Ruchi , Govada Pravallika , Cohen Stephen , Shashidhara L S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Promoter proximal pausing (PPP) of RNA polymerase II has emerged as a crucial rate-limiting step in the regulation of gene expression. Regulation of PPP is brought about by complexes 7SK snRNP, P-TEFb (Cdk9/cycT), and the negative elongation factor (NELF), which are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans. Here, we show that RNAi-mediated depletion of bin3 or Hexim of the 7SK snRNP complex or depletion of individual components of the NELF complex enhances Yki-driven growth, leading to neoplastic transformation of Drosophila wing imaginal discs. We also show that increased CDK9 expression cooperates with Yki in driving neoplastic growth. Interestingly, overexpression of CDK9 on its own or in the background of depletion of one of the components of 7SK snRNP or the NELF complex necessarily, and specifically, needed Yki overexpression to cause tumorous growth. Genome-wide gene expression analyses suggested that deregulation of protein homeostasis is associated with tumorous growth of wing imaginal discs. As both Fat/Hippo/Yki pathway and PPP are highly conserved, our observations may provide insights into mechanisms of oncogenic function of YAP—the ortholog of Yki in humans.
Selective Disruption of Synaptic BMP Signaling by a Smad Mutation Adjacent to the Highly Conserved H2 Helix
Authors: Nguyen Tho Huu , Han Tae Hee , Newfeld Stuart J , Serpe Mihaela 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) shape normal development and function via canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. BMPs initiate canonical signaling by binding to transmembrane receptors that phosphorylate Smad proteins and induce their translocation into the nucleus and regulation of target genes. Phosphorylated Smads also accumulate at cellular junctions, but this noncanonical, local BMP signaling modality remains less defined. We have recently reported that phosphorylated Smad (pMad in Drosophila) accumulates at synaptic junctions in protein complexes with genetically distinct composition and regulation. Here, we examined a wide collection of Drosophila Mad alleles and searched for molecular features relevant to pMad accumulation at synaptic junctions. We found that strong Mad alleles generally disrupt both synaptic and nuclear pMad, whereas moderate Mad alleles have a wider range of phenotypes and can selectively impact different BMP signaling pathways. Interestingly, regulatory Mad mutations reveal that synaptic pMad appears to be more sensitive to a net reduction in Mad levels than nuclear pMad. Importantly, a previously uncharacterized allele, Mad8, showed markedly reduced synaptic pMad but only moderately diminished nuclear pMad. The postsynaptic composition and electrophysiological properties of Mad8 neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were also altered. Using biochemical approaches, we examined how a single point mutation in Mad8 could influence the Mad-receptor interface and identified a key motif, the H2 helix. Our study highlights the biological relevance of Smad-dependent, synaptic BMP signaling and uncovers a highly conserved structural feature of Smads, critical for normal development and function.
Safety assessment of essential oils from Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) fruit from Nigeria
Authors: Ekeanyanwu Raphael Chukwuma , Mgbedo Nnaemeka Emmanuel , Njoku Alvan Tochukwu 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The essential oils of Xylopia aethiopica fruits have been reported to possess numerous biochemical effects. However, no toxicological data is available regarding the safety evaluation of the essential oils from the plant spice. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety of essential oils from X. aethiopica (XAEO) fruit by acute and sub-acute oral toxicity studies in experimental rodents.
Methods: In assessing the safety of XAEO, acute and sub-acute oral toxicity tests were performed following OECD guidelines 425 and 407, respectively, with slight modifications. At the end of each test, hematological and biochemical analysis of the collected blood was performed. Histopathological examination of vital organs of the animals was conducted for gross findings and for comparison to controls.
Results: In acute oral toxicity, signs of toxicity were observed in the initial period of the experiment which culminated in the death of the mice before the end of the experiment. The sub-acute test observations indicated that generally, there were no significant differences (p&lt;0.05) up to the high dose level compared to the controls.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated the tolerability of XAEO administered daily for 28 days up to 450 mg/kg dose.
Synchronization in DSSS system
Authors: Abboud Izz K. , Kunbar Laith A. , Hassan Abbas S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDirect sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication systems offer huge performance focal points in perspective on their low probability of block, improved performance in multipath fading situations and their capacity to stay away from interference by spreading the signal over a wide bandwidth subsequently conveying the power. For the transmitted sequence to be effectively received and demodulated, the spreading sequence utilized at the receiver ought to be like that utilized in the transmitter. This paper uses MATLAB Simulink to show a technique for synchronizing the code clock at the receiver with the code clock at the transmitter. This fine arrangement procedure is known as code tracking.
In vivo efficacy of carvacrol on Campylobacter jejuni prevalence in broiler chickens during an entire fattening period
Authors: Szott V. , Reichelt B. , Alter T. , Friese A. , Roesler U. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCarvacrol, a primary constituent of plant essential oils (EOs), and its antimicrobial activity have been the subject of many in vitro studies. Due to an increasing demand for alternative antimicrobials and an emerging number of antibiotic resistant bacteria, the use of essential oils has played a major role in many recent approaches to reduce Campylobacter colonization in poultry before slaughter age. For that purpose, the reducing effect of carvacrol on Campylobacter jejuni prevalence in broilers was determined in vivo in an experimental broiler chicken model during an entire fattening period. Carvacrol was added to the feed in a concentration of 120 mg/kg feed four days post hatch until the end of the trial. In this study, we demonstrated a statistically significant decrease of C. jejuni counts by 1.17 decadic logarithm (log10) most probable number (MPN)/g in cloacal swabs during starter and grower periods (corresponding to a broilers age between 1 and 28 days). Similar results were observed for colon enumeration at the end of the trial where C. jejuni counts were significantly reduced by 1.25 log10 MPN/g. However, carvacrol did not successfully reduce Campylobacter cecal colonization in 33-day-old broilers.
Patient experiences in a public primary health care clinic: A South African case study
Authors: Brito Fernandes Óscar , Netshiombo Mukhethwa , Gulácsi László , Klazinga Niek S. , Péntek Márta , Baji Petra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The South African Ministry of Health has recognized experiences of care as key to strengthen patient-centred care. This case study aims to measure patient-reported experiences of care at a clinic in South Africa, and its associations with the respondents' sociodemographic characteristics. A survey was conducted in 2019 on a convenience sample of 179 respondents. Questions on experiences of care were based on a standardised set of questions by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Logistic regression was used to examine the effects of respondents' characteristics on their experiences. The proportion of respondents who reported that a nurse spent adequate time with them during consultation was significantly higher among literate respondents (92.3 vs. 79.5%). Those who reported past negative experiences were significantly more likely to report a positive experience in regard to perceiving adequate consulting time (odds ratio = 3.865, with a 95% confidence interval between 1.555 and 9.607), receiving easy-to-understand explanations (4.308; 1.665–11.145), being given the opportunity to ask questions (2.156; 1.013–4.589) and shared decision–making (3.822; 1.728–8.457). The results can spur comparisons with other clinics in a similar setting and inform key stakeholders on aspects of the care experience that need greater improvement within the national framework for quality and safety assurance and patient experience measurement.
Efektivitas air cucian beras dan air rendaman cangkang telur pada bibit anggrek dendrobium
Authors: Sudartini Tini , Kurniati Fitri , Lisnawati Ade Nining 
Published: August 2020

Air cucian beras masih mengandung karbohidrat cukup tinggi yang berasal dari kulit ari beras yang terkelupas. Disamping itu, air cucian beras mengandung nitrogen, fosfor, kalium, magnesium, sulfur, besi dan vitamin B1 yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan tanaman. Cangkang telur juga mengandung fosfor, magnesium, kalium, seng mangan dan besi yang merupakan unsur hara penting bagi tanaman. Percobaan dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Siliwangi Tasikmalaya. Waktu percobaan dimulai pada bulan Februari sampai bulan September 2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri dari 8 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Perlakuan yaitu: tanpa aplikasi/kontrol, aplikasi pupuk daun lengkap Gandasil D 10 hari satu kali, aplikasi air cucian beras 3 hari satu kali, aplikasi air cucian beras 5 hari satu kali, aplikasi air cucian beras 7 hari satu kali, aplikasi air rendaman cangkang telur 3 hari satu kali, aplikasi air rendaman cangkang telur 5 hari satu kali, aplikasi air rendaman cangkang telur 7 hari satu kali. Air cucian beras dan air rendaman cangkang telur yang diaplikasikan pada 3, 5 dan 7 hari satu kali belum efektif terhadap peningkatan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, dan bobot brangkasan segar tanaman sampai umur 84 HST. ABSTRACTRice-washed water contains quite high carbohydrates from the peeled seeds epidermis. It also contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, and vitamin B1 needed for plant growth. Eggshells contain phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, zinc manganese and iron, which are essential elements for plants. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Siliwangi University, Tasikmalaya. The experiment started from February 2017 to September 2017. The research method used Randomized Block Design consists of eight treatments and three replications. The treatments are without application/control, complete application of Gandasil D fertilizer once in ten days,
Konservasi in vitro dua aksesi lili mealui modifikasi media kultur
Authors: Budiarto Kurniawan , Raharjo Indijarto Budi , Hanudin Hanudin , Nuryani Wakiah 
Published: August 2020

Konservasi in vitro merupakan salah satu alternatif penyimpanan materi genetik dalam kondisi aseptik. Metode ini dapat mengurangi resiko kepunahan materi genetik akibat kondisi lingkungan yang ekstrem dan kerumitan pengelolaan pada skala in vivo terutama untuk tanaman yang berasal dari subtropis, seperti lili. Metode penghambatan pertumbuhan dan ketahanan plantlet selama perlakuan konservasi merupakan faktor penting untuk kelangsungan hidup materi genetik yang disimpan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi media konservasi melalui modifikasi kandungan nutrien dan konsentrasi sukrosa untuk konservasi in vitro jangka menengah terhadap dua aksesi lili yaitu lokal Lilium longiflorum dan cv. Candilongi. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias mulai Januari 2015 sampai September 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan laju kematian plantlet semakin meningkat seiring dengan lamanya waktu penyimpanan. Laju kematian plantlet dengan pertumbuhan daun yang terendah diperlihatkan oleh plantlet Lili yang dikonservasi pada media ¼ MS + 7 % sukrosa dengan kisaran 27-31 % setelah 24 bulan penyimpanan. Dua genotipe lili menunjukkan respon pertumbuhan yang berbeda selama konservasi in vitro dan in vivo, namun tidak pada media konservasi yang dicoba. Plantlet lili lokal L. longiflorum mempunyai jumlah daun lebih sedikit selama konservasi in vitro. Sedangkan cv. Candilongi memperlihatkan tinggi tanaman yang lebih rendah dengan jumlah bunga lebih banyak dan ukuran bunga lebih besar pada evaluasi in vivo. ABSTRACTIn vitro conservation is an alternative method of plant genetic resources preservation in aseptic condition. The method has successfully applied in many crops and reduced the limitation of in vivoconservation of non-native crop as Lily planted in the tropic area. Growth inhibition method and plantlet resistance are important factors to ensure the life-span of the conserved plantlet during in vitro storage. The research aimed to evaluate the media compositions and sucrose concentrations for mid-term conservation of two Lilium accessions, local L. longiflorum and cv. Candilongi. The experiment was carried out at Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute from January 2015 to September 2017. The results showed the plantlet death rates increased in line with the duration of storages. After 24 months storage, plantlets conserved under ¼ MS + 7% sucrose showed fewer numbers of leaves and death plantlets in the range of 27-31%. Growth plantlet retardation during storage was merely detected on local L. longiflorum that showed less leaves development. Plantlet of cv. Candilongi had shorter plant height, yet bigger flower size and higher number of flower per plant under in vivo evaluation.
Karakter morfologi, heritabilitas dan indeks seleksi terboboti beberapa generasi F1 Melon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Amzeri Achmad , Badami Kaswan , Khoiri Syaiful , Umam Ahmad Syaiful , Wahid Nasirul , Nurlaella Siti 
Published: August 2020

Perakitan varietas melon hibrida dengan karakter-karaker unggul merupakan suatu upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan benih melon dalam negeri dan mengurangi ketergantungan impor benih melon dari luar negeri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi penampilan fenotipik 24 genotip tanaman melon hibrida (F1). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Trunojoyo Madura pada bulan Februari sampai Mei 2019. Bahan yang digunakan adalah 24 genotip melon hibrida (F1) hasil persilangan di antara galur-galur melon. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan satu perlakuan yaitu genotip dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Analisis data menggunakan analisis varians (Anova) yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan pada taraf 5%. Nilai heritabilitas dalam arti luas dihitung menggunakan taksiran nilai kuadrat tengah pada analisis varians. Seleksi indeks digunakan untuk mendapatkan kandidat varietas tanaman melon hibrida. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 24 tanaman melon hibrida (F1) yang diuji memiliki perbedaan penampilan pada karakter umur berbunga, panjang buah, diameter buah, tebal daging buah, kadar gula, jumlah biji per buah, bobot buah per tanaman dan produksi per hektar. Nilai heritabilitas dalam arti luas tanaman melon hibrida (F1) pada karakter yang dievaluasi berkisar antara 0,15 – 0,71. Hasil nilai seleksi indeks terboboti menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua calon varietas tanaman melon hibrida yang memiliki seleksi indeks tertinggi yaitu G4 dan G5. ABSTRACTAssembling hybrid melon varieties with superior characters is an effort to meet the needs of domestic melon seeds and reduce dependence on imported melon seeds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic appearance of 24 genotypes of hybrid melon plants (F1). This research was conducted at the Agrotechnology Experimental Field at Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura from February to May 2019. The materials used
Pengaruh aplikasi ekstrak kasar daun Sphagneticola trilobata terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva Spodoptera litura
Authors: Firmansyah Efrin , Isnaeni Selvy 
Published: August 2020

Spodoptera litura merupakan serangga polifag yang menyerang banyak komoditas tanaman budidaya. Pengendalian dengan menggunakan insektisida nabati merupakan upaya yang dilakukan untuk meminimalkan dampak negatif penggunaan insektisida kimia sintetik. Tumbuhan S. trilobata diketahui memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai insektisida nabati untuk mengendalikan S. litura. Aktivitas insektisida tidak hanya ditunjukkan oleh tingkat mortalitas dan penghambatan makan, suatu ekstrak tumbuhan dapat pula memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dari serangga sasaran sehingga dapat dikembangkan menjadi insektisida nabati. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi ekstrak kasar daun S. trilobata terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva S. litura. Penelitian terdiri dari tahap pemeliharaan serangga, ekstraksi bagian tumbuhan, dan uji hayati serta analisis fitokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak kasar daun S. trilobata yang diaplikasikan memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva S. litura namun tidak memengaruhi ukuran panjang dan berat pupa yang terbentuk. Hasil analisis fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak daun S. trilobata mengandung beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder diantaranya alkaloid, triterpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, tanin dan saponin. ABSTRACTSpodoptera litura is a polyphagous insect that attacks many commodities of crops. Control using plant-based insecticides is an effort made to minimize the negative effects of using synthetic insecticides. S. trilobata plant is known to have potential as plant-based insecticides to control S. litura. The effectiveness of an insecticide is not only demonstrated by the level of mortality and feeding inhibition activity, a plant extract can also affect the growth and development of the target insect so that it can be developed into a botanical insecticide. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of S. trilobata leaf crude extract application on growth and development of S. litura larva. The study stages consisted of insect rearing, extraction of plant parts, bioassay and phytochemical screening. The results showed that S. trilobata leaf extract which was applied affected the growth and development of S. litura larvae but did not affect the length and weight of the pupae formed. The results of phytochemical analysis showed that S. trilobata leaf extract contained several secondary metabolite compounds including alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins.
Neonatal gastric perforation: is prematurity the only cause?
Authors: Dash Manas R. , Barma S. K. , Panigrahi Pranay , Parida P. , Mohanty P. K. , Jena P. K. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Neonatal Gastric Perforation (NGP) is a serious and life-threatening emergency and challenging in terms of diagnosis and management. The precise aetiology remains obscure in most cases. Published literatures provide theories of gastric ischemia, aerophagia & trauma with or without definite inciting pathology. Owing to its high mortality rate, it requires early detection & urgent intervention to bring out the newborn from this catastrophe.Methods: We report five cases of neonatal gastric perforation over period of 2013-2019 admitted to a tertiary paediatric surgical care hospital managed by early detection, prompt resuscitation along with exploration and primary repair of the defect in gastric wall.Results: The common feature in these five cases were preterm age, low birth weight, hypoxic event and marked abdominal distension causing respiratory distress. Features of imminent or complete septic shock were present in all cases. Perforation was found on anterior wall along greater curvature of stomach in all babies. Four babies out of five survived except in one case of jejunoileal Artesia that developed gastric perforation in post operative period.Conclusions: Neonatal gastric perforation should be suspected in cases of rapidly deteriorating premature newborn with gross abdominal distension and pneumoperitoneum. In our opinion, etiology of NGP is multifactorial. Prematurity, low APGAR score with vigorous resuscitation could be a clue for early diagnosis. Good outcome in our series was due to early diagnosis and prompt pre and postoperative measures. Additionally, sterile gastric content in peritoneum might lead to survival from this catastrophic event.
The Prevalence of Gram-Negative Microorganisms Isolated from Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Patients in the Intensive Care Units of Southwest of Iran
Authors: MehraliNejadian Saeed , Izadpanah Mandana , Soltani Farhad , Sayadi Sepideh , Aghakouchakzadeh Maryam 
Published: August 2020

Background: Increasing microbial resistance is a severe threat to global public health. One of the most common diseases in the intensive care unit is ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Methods: The method of this research was non-interactive and descriptive. This study was carried out from January to March 2018, at the Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz. Patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were included in the study. The prevalence of resistant gram-negative microorganisms was studied through reported laboratory antibiogram results of cultures.
Results: From 373 hospitalized patients, 38 (10.2%) were diagnosed with VAP. From the 57 respiratory cultures performed, overall 90 microorganisms were isolated, from which Enterobacter with 36 cases (39.5%) and E.Coli with 28 cases (30.7%) were most frequently compared to other organisms. From the 90 organisms responsible for the infection, 43 cases (47.2%) were Multiple drug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms and 47 (51.6%) were Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) microorganisms. Enterobacter and E.Coli were the most prevalent MDR microorganisms with 17 cases (39.5%) and 13 (30.2%), respectively. Also, these two microorganisms were the most abundant XDR microorganisms with 19 cases (40.4%) and 15 (31.9%), respectively.
Conclusion:The results show the requirement of robust antibiotic monitoring and the optimization of antibiotic use in order to prevent the progression of antibiotic resistance in these units.
The Urgency of Granting Authority to Assess Corruption Justice Collaborators
Authors: Triwanto Triwanto , Aryani Esti 
Published: August 2020

<p>This study aims to determine the urgency of the authority of investigators in the determination of justice collaborators in criminal acts of corruption. In answering the above problems, the research method used is doctrinal research. This study applies a case approach and concept. While the method of data collection is done by examining case studies and literature studies or mere secondary data. So if the Urgency of Giving the authority of the investigator in questioning the determination of justice collaborator in a criminal act of corruption, the author sees that there are 3 (three) things that become the basis for the urgency of granting authority to determine Justice Collaborator by the investigator, including: a. philosophical, b. juridical, and c. sociological. said to be important because it has become a common perception for investigators and police investigators about the massive and organized circulation of corruption networks at this time, in the investigation process often investigators find the potential of the existence of a saski crown that could become the role of justice collaborator.</p><p> <strong>Keywords:</strong> Justice; Justice Collaborator; Corruption.</p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"> </p>