bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Ivermectin Mass Drug Administration for Onchocerciasis on Mosquito Populations of Ogun State, Nigeria.
Authors: Omitola Olaitan Olamide , Umunnakwe Cynthia U. , Bayegun Adedotun A. , Anifowose Samuel A. , Mogaji Hammed Oladeji , Oluwole Akinola Stephen , Odoemene Simon Nnayere , Awolola Taiwo Sam , Osipitan Adebola Adedoyin , Sam-Wobo Sammy Olufemi , Ekpo Uwem Friday 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: This study investigated the impacts of single-dose mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis on mosquito populations in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: Mosquito samples were collected indoor and outdoor in two communities before and after MDA. The communities were pair-matched with two other control communities where concurrent mosquito collection was also carried out. The mosquitoes were identified by morphological features and parity status was determined by microscopy. The density and age structure of the mosquitoes were determined and compared between intervention and control communities. Environmental and climatic data of study locations were obtained from online databases. MDA treatment coverage survey was conducted in the treated communities. Results: Before MDA, the density of indoor Anopheles mosquitoes was 7.20 in the control communities. This was significantly lower (p = 0.049) in the intervention communities where the density was 1.43. The density of the indoor Anopheles population reduced significantly 2-3 days after MDA to 1.02 (p = 0.039) in the intervention communities. Parity rate also reduced significantly from 95.35 to 44.26 (p < 0.001). The density of indoor Anopheles rebounded to 1.45 two weeks after MDA while parity rate remained significantly lower (p = 0.001) than before MDA. The density of indoor Culex increased 2-3 days after MDA from 0.07 to 0.10 (p = 0.527) and to 0.25 (p = 0.012) 13-14 days after MDA in the intervention communities. In Amini where MDA coverage was 65.9%, the indoor density of Anopheles reduced significantly from 0.90 to 0.33 (p = 0.005) 2-3 days after MDA while in Kugba-Ajagbe where MDA coverage was 41.0%, the reduction from 1.97 to 1.70 was not statistically significant (p = 0.446). Exposure to MDA across sampling intervals in the intervention communities showed a significant effect on the density (p < 0.001) and parity rate (p = 0.003) of indoor Anopheles in the generalized linear model examining multiple factors. Conclusion: Ivermectin MDA showed a promising potential to impact on malaria transmission and Anopheles abundance at high MDA coverage.
Optimization Strategy of Wireless Charger Node Deployment Based on Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Wang Yang , wang feifan , Zhu Yujun , Liu Yiyang , Zhao Chuanxin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In wireless rechargeable sensor network, the deployment of charger node directly affects the overall charging utility of sensor network. Aiming at this problem, this paper abstracts the charger deployment problem as a multi-objective optimization problem that maximizes the received power of sensor nodes and minimizes the number of charger nodes. First, a network model that maximizes the sensor node received power and minimizes the number of charger nodes is constructed. Second, an Improved Cuckoo Search (ICS) algorithm is proposed. This algorithm is based on the traditional Cuckoo Search algorithm (CS) to redefine its step factor, and then use the mutation factor to change the nesting position of the host bird to update the bird ’s nest position, and then use ICS to find the ones that maximize the received power of the sensor node and minimize the number of charger nodes optimal solution. Compared with the traditional cuckoo search algorithm and multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, the simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively increase the receiving power of sensor nodes, reduce the number of charger nodes and find the optimal solution to meet the conditions, so as to maximize the network charging utility.
Efficacy and Safety of the Syrup "KalobaTUSS® " for the Treatment of Cough in Children: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Carnevali Ilaria , Paglia Rita La , Pauletto Laura , Raso Floriana , Testa Marco , Mannucci Carmen , Sorbara Emanuela Elisa , Calapai Gioacchino 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute cough in children often causes discomfort to children and parents, reducing their quality of life. Despite the extensive utilization of over-the-counter remedies for cough, the efficacy of most of these treatments in children has not been confirmed. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 106 children with acute cough to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KalobaTUSS®, a paediatric cough syrup based on acacia honey and on Malva sylvestris extract, Inula helenium extract, Plantago major extract, and Helichrysum stoechas extract by using a validated 6 points Likert scale.Results: Children were orally treated with KalobaTUSS® or placebo for eight days. Children receiving KalobaTUSS® showed an early and significant reduction in night-time and day-time cough scores measured using a specific scale and a shorter duration of cough than children treated with the placebo. Conclusions: KalobaTUSS® is well tolerated and produces positive effects by reducing the severity and shortening the duration of cough in children (Clinicaltrials.gov no. NCT04073251).
Effectiveness Of Fiberoptic Phototherapy Compared To Conventional Phototherapy In Treating Hyperbilirubinemia Amongst Term Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Joel Helvi Ndeshihala , Mchaile Deborah , Philemon Rune , Mbwasi Ronald , Msuya Levina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in neonates. Effective treatment of jaundice requires therapeutic intervention with high quality phototherapy. Over recent years, several studies reported fiberoptic phototherapy to be less effective than conventional phototherapy in term neonates. Our study aimed to compare the effectiveness of fiberoptic phototherapy with a larger illuminated area and higher irradiance to conventional phototherapy methods. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). A total of 41 term neonates, less than 7 days of age with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were randomized. Thirteen (13) neonates were allocated to receive fiberoptic phototherapy, 13 to blue light conventional phototherapy and 15 to white light conventional phototherapy. Effectiveness was assessed by comparing the duration of phototherapy, bilirubin reduction rate and side effects of treatment. The data was analyzed with the independent t-test.Results: The mean overall bilirubin reduction rate was comparable in the fiberoptic phototherapy group (0.74%/h) and the blue light conventional phototherapy group (0.84%/h), with no statistically significant difference (p-value 0.124). However, white light conventional phototherapy had a significantly lower mean overall bilirubin reduction rate (0.29%/h) as compared to fiberoptic phototherapy (p-value <0.001). The mean treatment duration of phototherapy was 69 h, 68 h and 90 h in the fiberoptic, blue light conventional and white light conventional phototherapy groups respectively. Side effects such as loose stool and skin rash were noted in some participants who received conventional phototherapy. No side effects of treatment were noted in the fiberoptic phototherapy group.Conclusion: The effectiveness of fiberoptic PT and blue light conventional PT were comparable in terms of bilirubin reduction rate and treatment duration, whereas fiberoptic phototherapy was more effective than white light conventional PT, with a significantly higher bilirubin reduction rate and shorter treatment duration. Fiberoptic phototherapy may mitigate side effects caused by conventional phototherapy.Trial registration: The Pan African Clinical Trial Registry, PACTR202004723570110. Registered 22nd April 2020- Retrospectively registered, http://www.pactr.org/
Genome-wide identification and characterization of NBS-encoding genes in Raphanus sativus L. and their roles related to Fusarium oxysporum resistance
Authors: Ma Yinbo , Chhapekar Sushil Satish , Lu Lu , Oh Sangheon , Singh Sonam , Kim Chang Soo , Kim Seungho , Choi Gyung Ja , Lim Yong Pyo , Choi Su Ryun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes are important for plant development and disease resistance. Although genome-wide studies of NBS-encoding genes have been performed in several species, the evolution, structure, expression, and function of these genes remain unknown in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). A recently released draft R. sativus L. reference genome has facilitated the genome-wide identification and characterization of NBS-encoding genes in radish.Results: A total of 225 NBS-encoding genes were identified in the radish genome based on the essential NB-ARC domain through HMM search and Pfam database, with 202 mapped onto nine chromosomes and the remaining 23 localized on different scaffolds. According to a gene structure analysis, we identified 99 NBS-LRR-type genes and 126 partial NBS-encoding genes. Additionally, 80 and 19 genes respectively encoded an N-terminal Toll/interleukin-like domain and a coiled-coil domain. Furthermore, 72% of the 202 NBS-encoding genes were grouped in 48 clusters distributed in 24 crucifer blocks on chromosomes. The U block on chromosomes R02, R04, and R08 had the most NBS-encoding genes (48), followed by the R (24), D (23), E (23), and F (17) blocks. These clusters were mostly homogeneous, containing NBS-encoding genes derived from a recent common ancestor. Tandem (15 events) and segmental (20 events) duplications were revealed in the NBS family. Comparative evolutionary analyses of orthologous genes among Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa, and Brassica oleracea reflected the importance of the NBS-LRR gene family during evolution. Moreover, examinations of cis-elements identified 70 major elements involved in responses to methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, auxin, and salicylic acid. According to RNA-seq expression analyses, 75 NBS-encoding genes contributed to the resistance of radish to Fusarium wilt. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that RsTNL03 (Rs093020) and RsTNL09 (Rs042580) expression positively regulates radish resistance to Fusarium oxysporum, in contrast to the negative regulatory role for RsTNL06 (Rs053740).Conclusions: The NBS-encoding gene structures, tandem and segmental duplications, synteny, and expression profiles in radish were elucidated for the first time and compared with those of other Brassicaceae family members (A. thaliana, B. oleracea, and B. rapa) to clarify the evolution of the NBS gene family. These results may be useful for functionally characterizing NBS-encoding genes in radish.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms: A long-term observational study
Authors: Li Rui , Lu Danli , Li Hao , Wang Yuge , Shu Yaqing , Chang Yanyu , Sun Xiaobo , Lu Zhengqi , Qiu Wei , Yang Zhi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Early stage neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms are easily misdiagnosed; however, data on the full symptom profile are limited. Moreover, the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of these patients remain unknown. We sought to analyze the clinical characteristics, imaging features, and long-term outcomes of NMOSD with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms.Methods: We retrospectively included relevant patients from our center. Clinical, demographic, magnetic resonance imaging, treatment, and outcome data were compared according to the non-opticospinal vs. opticospinal initial symptoms. Results: We identified 43 (9.13%) patients with non-opticospinal initial symptoms among 471 patients with NMOSD. Of these, 88.37% developed optic neuritis/myelitis during an average follow-up period of 6.33 years. All the non-opticospinal symptoms were brain/brainstem symptoms. Most of the symptoms and associated brain lesions were reversible. These patients had a younger onset age (P < 0.001), lower serum aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody titers (P = 0.030), and a lower Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at onset (P < 0.001) and follow-up (P = 0.041) than NMOSD patients with opticospinal initial symptoms. In addition, EDSS scores reached 3.0 (indicating moderate disability) later than in patients with opticospinal initial symptoms (P = 0.028).Conclusions: Patients with NMOSD with non-opticospinal initial symptoms have a younger onset age, lower serum AQP4 antibody titers, and better clinical outcomes.
Arten der Hygrogeus-Gruppe aus dem Fernen Osten Russlands, aus Japan und China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Omaliinae, Anthophagini) (Beiträge zur Kenntnis ostpaläarktischer Insekten; 13).
Authors: Zerche Lothar 
Published: December 2020

Geodromicus abdominalis sp. n. wird aus dem Fernen Osten Russlands (Primorskij Kraj) beschrieben und mit Geodromicus caliginosus (Sharp, 1889) und Geodromicus beibienkoi Tichomirova, 1973 verglichen. Geodromicus kirschenblati Tichomirova, 1973 ist eine distinkte Art, kein Synonym von Geodromicus sibiricus Bernhauer, 1915. Die folgenden zwei neuen Synonyme werden festgestellt: Geodromicus kirschenblati Tichomirova, 1973 = Psephidonus iburinus Watanabe, 1990 syn. n. und Geodromicus sibiricus Bernhauer, 1915 = Psephidonus nipponensis Watanabe, 1990 syn. n. Für Geodromicus sibiricus Bernhauer, 1915 wird der locus typicus präzisiert. Er liegt nicht im russischen Ost-Sibirien, sondern in der chinesischen Provinz Heilongjiang. Für neun Arten werden neue Funde mitgeteilt. Geodromicus lestevoides (Sharp, 1889) und Liophilydrodes puncticollis (Nakane & Sawada, 1956) sind neu für Russland. Für die sechs Arten der Hygrogeus-Gruppe des Fernen Ostens Russlands aus den Gattungen Geodromicus und Liophilydrodes wird eine Bestimmungstabelle gegeben.StichwörterColeoptera, Staphylinidae, Omaliinae, Geodromicus, Liophilydrodes, Philydrodes, new species, revalidation, new synonyms, key, Russian Far East, Japan, China.Nomenklatorische Handlungenabdominalis Zerche, 2003 (Geodromicus), spec. n.iburinus Watanabe, 1990 (Psephidonus), syn. n. of Geodromicus kirschenblati Tichomirova, 1973nipponensis Watanabe, 1990 (Psephidonus), syn. n. of Geodromicus sibiricus Bernhauer, 1915
Phylogenetic relationships of the bumblebees Bombus moderatus, B. albocinctus, B. burjaeticus, B. florilegus and B. cryptarum based on mitochondrial DNA markers: a complex of closely related taxa with circumpolar distribution. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus).
Authors: Bertsch Andreas , Hrabé de Angelis Martin , Przemeck Gerhard K. H. 
Published: December 2020

Königinnen von Bombus moderatus aus Alaska/USA und Alberta/Canada und von B. burjaeticus and B. patagiatus aus dem Russischen Transbaikal wurden an verschiedenen Orten im Frühjahr gefangen, um künstliche Kolonien zu züchten. Zusätzlich wurden Männchen von B. florilegus in Hokkaido/Japan gesammelt. Teilsequenzen (Länge 1005 bp) mitochondrialer Cytochrome Oxidase Untereinheit I (COI) wurde sequenziert. Zum Vergleich wurden auch Museumsproben von B. albocinctus und B. burjaeticus sequenziert. Die Divergenz der Sequenzen innerhalb der Taxa beträgt 1 bis 2 Basen-Substitutionen und die Tamura-Nei Genetische Distanz 0.001–0.002. Die Divergenz der Sequenzen zwischen B. moderatus, B. albocinctus und B. burjaeticus beträgt nur 1–5 Basen-Substitutionen und die Tamura-Nei Genetische Distanz 0.001–0.005, während die Divergenz der Sequenzen zwischen B. lucorum, B. magnus, B. patagiatus und B. cryptarum 22-44 Basen Substitutionen beträgt und die Tamura-Nei Genetische Distanz 0.027-0.042. Zusätzlich zu den Clustern für B. lucorum, B. magnus und B. patagiatus zeigt die Topologie des Phylogramms (MrBayes Maximum Likelihood Tree) ein umfangreiches Cluster, in dem B. albocinctus, B. burjaeticus, B. moderatus und B. florilegus vereinigt sind. Da die COI Sequenzen keine Lücken aufweisen, können die einzelnen Nukleotide wie homologe Positionen verwendet werden. Jedes Taxon besitzt 8–20 eigene Substitutionen, die als diagnostische Positionen zur Charakterisierung des Taxons verwendet werden können. Die Analyse der diagnostischen Positionen der Taxa bestätigt die Topologie des Maximum Likelihood Phylogramms. Um die Lücke zwischen den östlichsten bekannten Vorkommen von B. cryptarum im Kaukasus und im Elburz und den Vorkommen von B. burjaeticus/ B. albocinctus im Russischen Transbaikal und in Russisch Fernost zu überbrücken, wurden 12 weitere Museumsproben aus Zentralasiatischen Gebirgen und dem Himalaja sequenziert. Durch Analyse der diagnostischen Positionen der teilweise 100 Jahre alten DNA kann gezeigt werden, dass keine dieser Proben zu B. lucorum gehören kann, alle bilden ein Cluster mit den Taxa des cryptarum Komplexes.
CONDIÇÕES CRÔNICAS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE: INTERVENÇÃO PARA DETECÇÃO PRECOCE DO ADOECIMENTO RENAL
Authors: Sampaio Maria Auxiliadora Resende , Oliveira Karine Da Silva , Silva Juliane Braga da , Morais Cirliane De Araújo , Soares Stela Lopes , Lourinho Lidia Andrade 
Published: December 2020

As Doenças Crônicas não transmissíveis são responsáveis por cerca de 63% do total de óbitos ocorridos no mundo, enquanto no Brasil, correspondem a 72,4% da mortalidade. Assim, a fim de reverter tal cenário, é de fundamental realizar não apenas o diagnóstico das condições crônicas de base mas o seu adequado manejo e principalmente a identificação precoce da lesão renal, além do desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção e promoção da saúde como o rastreamento de novos casos da DRC nas comunidades. O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral desenvolver ações de Educação Permanente para profissionais de saúde com foco na identificação precoce do adoecimento renal em um Centro de Saúde da Família (CSF) do município de Sobral/ CE. Foi realizada uma pesquisa-intervenção de abordagem qualitativa no mês de dezembro de 2019 em um CSF. Participaram da intervenção 24 profissionais e através da ferramenta metodológica do Arco de Maguerez os participantes julgaram como aplicáveis e de fácil execução a maioria das atribuições e diretrizes norteadoras do cuidado a pessoa com DRC. Foram elaboradas ações contemplativas a cinco estratégias com o fim de acompanhamento de pacientes com fatores de risco para DRC: A realização de atividades educativas à população; EPS para os profissionais; estratificação de risco para HAS, DM e DRC; atendimentos multiprofissionais e melhora da comunicação com a RAS. É imperativa a continuidade de estudos semelhantes que utilizem da Educação Permanente em Saúde para discutir a Doença Renal Crônica no contexto da Atenção Primária.
Use of polysorbate 20 and sodium thiosulfate to enhance sewage sludge dewaterability by bioleaching
Authors: Zhao Jie , Gao Jingqing , Liu Junzhao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dewatering of sludge is a key problem that must be solved in the sewage sludge disposal industry. In this study, a series of process optimization tests were conducted to learn how to improve sludge treatment. The optimum process of sludge leaching treatment was studied in a specially designed 100-L reactor system. Four factors were investigated and nine batches of bioleaching tests were run at three levels of these factors. Orthogonal experiments showed that the effect of sludge return ratio and aeration rate on the sludge moisture content was significant and hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a clear effect, but nutrient types had a reduced effect on the moisture content of sludge. The primary and secondary order of each factor is reflux ratio &gt; aeration rate &gt; HRT &gt; nutrient type. Under the optimal process, three batches of sludge were processed and the moisture content of the filter press cake was reduced to less than 60%, the organic matter content reduced to below 5%, and the concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr) was much lower than the agricultural standard limit, which is suitable for landscaping, composting, and incineration power generation and other resource applications.
Medico-Social Significance of Section Caesarea as the Preferred Method for Birth
Authors: Radeva Svetlana 
Published: December 2020

A caesarean section (CS / SC), also known as a “caesarean section” (C-section; SC), is a surgical procedure in which the birth of a fetus occurs surgically. This procedure is usually used when a normal (vaginal) birth would endanger the life or health of a pregnant woman or a child. According to international medical institutions and WHO the optimal caesarean section rate is between 10% and 15%. The world health organization (WHO) recommends that a caesarean section is performed only on the basis of a valid medical reason. Practice shows that they evaluate cases when a caesarean section is also performed at will (by a pregnant woman) without any medical indications for this. The purpose of this study is to study the attitude of pregnant women to the method of delivery and concious choice in our country. Material and methods: the database of NSI (National statistical Institute) and NHI (National health insurance) was studied, as well as the opinions of 120 pregnant women and 345 women who gave birth. For the needs of the study, a documentary method, a statistical (survey) method, and contextual analysis were used. The study was conducted in August 2019 – May 2020 in the city of Varna.
Recent Development in Substituted Benzothiazole as an Anticonvulsant Agent
Authors: Kale Amol , Kakde Rajendra , Pawar Smita , Thombare Rutuja 
Published: December 2020

:
Heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives gained more attention due to their valuable
biological and pharmacological properties. Benzothiazole is a heterocyclic structure containing a bicyclic
ring system with a large panel of applications. The benzothiazole is present in many new products
undergoing research hoping that it possesses various biological activities.

:
Epilepsy is a diverse group of diseases marked by neuronal excitability and hypersynchronous neuronal
activity of motor, sensory or autonomic events with or without loss of consciousness.

:
Presently, many antiepileptic drugs like lamotrigine, stiripentol tiagabine, pregabalin, felbamate, and
topiramate are available and effective towards 60-80% of patients only, along with undesirable side
effects, such as hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal disturbance, drowsiness, gingival hyperplasia, and hirsutism.
Thus, many attempts are still on-going to develop antiepileptic drugs with a safer profile.

:
This review is mainly focused on the compilation of reported scientific literature data in the recent
one-decade on the anticonvulsant activity of benzothiazole compounds.