bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traction table versus standard table total hip arthroplasty through the direct anterior approach: a systematic review
Authors: Sarraj Mohamed , Chen Aaron , Ekhtiari Seper , Rubinger Luc 
Published: January 2020

Background: The direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) was originally performed with a supine patient on a specialised traction table, but the approach can also be performed on a standard operating table. Despite cost and safety implications, there are few studies directly comparing these techniques and table choice remains largely surgeon preference. The purpose of this review was to compare the clinical outcomes and complication profiles of traction and standard table DAA for primary THA. Methods: The authors searched databases for relevant studies, screening in duplicate. Study quality was assessed using MINORS criteria or Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Data pertaining to patient demographics, clinical outcomes, and complications were abstracted. Results: Of 3085 initial titles, 44 studies containing a total 26,353 patients were included and analysed. Mean operative time was 70.9 ± 21.2 minutes for standard table ( n = 4402) and 100.1 ± 32.6 minutes for traction table ( n = 3518). Mean estimated blood loss was 382.3 ± 246.4 mL for standard ( n = 2992) and 531.7 ± 364.3 mL for traction table ( n = 2675). Intra-operative fracture rate was 1.3% for standard table ( n = 3940) and 1.7% for traction table ( n = 8386). Complication rates including revisions, dislocations and peri-prosthetic fractures were qualitatively similar between traction and standard table studies. Conclusion: Standard table and traction table DAA have similar outcomes and complications. Both techniques offer the short-term advantages of DAA when compared to other THA approaches. However, the standard table technique may offer perioperative advantages including decreased blood loss, shorter operative time, and fewer intraoperative fractures. In the context of rising global healthcare costs and lack of access to specialised orthopaedic traction tables, this review at minimum confirms the short-term safety of standard table DAA THA and prompts the need for future studies to directly compare these techniques.
l-arginine Supplementation Increased Only Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a High-Salt Diet by Enhancing Abdominal Aorta Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression
Authors: Adejare Abdullahi , Oloyo Ahmed , Anigbogu Chikodi , Jaja Smith 
Published: January 2020

Background: Abnormal vascular reactivity and reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS) gene are hallmark of salt-induced hypertension in rats. Although l-arginine is an established vasodilator, the mechanism by which it modulates vascular reactivity in salt-induced hypertension is not clearly understood. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the mechanism by which oral l-arginine supplementation modulates vascular reactivity and eNOS gene expression in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-salt diet. Methods: Forty-eight weaned male Sprague-Dawley rats of weight range 90 to 110 g were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 rats per group. Group I was fed normal rat chow ad libitum and served as the Normal Diet group. Group II was fed a diet that contained 8% NaCl. Groups III and IV took normal and high-salt diet, respectively, and then received oral l-arginine supplementation (100 mg/kg/day), while groups V and VI took normal and high-salt diet, respectively, and then were co-administered with both l-arginine and l-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 mg/kg/day and 40 mg/kg/day, respectively) orally. At the end of 12-week experimental period, the animals were sacrificed to assess vascular reactivity and gene expression level. Results: Our results show that high-salt diet significantly reduced ( P < .05) endothelium-dependent relaxation response to acetylcholine and qualitatively reduced eNOS gene expression in the abdominal aorta of the rats. However, l-arginine supplementation improved the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and nitric oxide level while ameliorating the reduced eNOS gene expressions. Conclusion: This study suggests that oral supplementation of l-arginine enhances endothelial-dependent relaxation in rats fed a high-salt diet by ameliorating eNOS gene expression in the abdominal aorta of the rats.
Cross-National Comparison of Environmental Factors Important to Facility-Based Senior Living
Authors: Wang Zhe 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Focusing on environmental factors important to facility-based senior living, this research intends to identify cross-national similarities and differences in perspective on elderly care between senior-living professionals in the United States and China. Background: American models of senior-living facility design have been introduced in China. In social and cultural context, environmental factors important to facility-based senior living are expected to be different by nation and need to be clarified. Method: Questionnaire data were collected from 188 staff members working in senior-living facilities in the United States and China. Seven factors summarized through literature review were investigated. The frequencies of each factor selected by the participants as one of the three most important factors were ranked. The influence of personal and social factors on environmental perception was analyzed using analysis of variance tests. Results: Common area and cross-facility home-like decoration were similarly valued by both groups as two of the three most important factors. Residential room was valued more in the United States whereas natural lighting was valued more in China. Chinese participants with more work experience valued building layout more. Amenities were valued less than expected in both countries. Conclusion: Environmental factors important to facility-based senior living are different between countries. American models of senior-living facility design should be adjusted for use in China. There is much to be gained from investigating the similarities and differences in perspective on elderly care.
Chondromas of the Lumbar Spine: A Systematic Review
Authors: Robles Luis A. , Mundis Greg M. 
Published: January 2020

Study Design: Systematic review and illustrative case. Objectives: Lumbar spinal chondromas (LSCs) are rare spine tumors. The characteristics of these intraspinal lesions are not well described in the literature. The goal of this article is to describe the features of this rare spinal tumor. Methods: A PubMed and Scopus search adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed to include studies reporting patients with LSCs. The data gathered from this review was analyzed to characterize LSCs. Results: The search yielded 14 cases of patients with LSCs. All studies were case reports (Level V of evidence). Different characteristics of LSCs are described, including demographics, clinical findings, imaging, and treatment. Conclusions: The results of this review show that LSCs are almost exclusively seen in the extradural space and may adopt a dumbbell shape. LSCs frequently manifest in a very similar way to lumbar disc herniations; therefore, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sciatica, especially if magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium shows peripheral rim enhancement of the lesion. Different degrees of improvement are usually observed after surgical treatment of these patients.
Return to Sport After Criteria-Based Rehabilitation of Acute Adductor Injuries in Male Athletes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Serner Andreas , Weir Adam , Tol Johannes L. , Thorborg Kristian , Lanzinger Sean , Otten Roald , Hölmich Per 
Published: January 2020

Background: Despite being one of the most common sports injuries, there are no criteria-based rehabilitation programs published for acute adductor injuries. Purpose: To evaluate return-to-sport (RTS) outcomes and reinjuries after criteria-based rehabilitation for athletes with acute adductor injuries. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Male adult athletes with an acute adductor injury underwent a supervised, standardized criteria-based exercise rehabilitation program. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to grade the injury extent from 0 (negative finding) to 3 (complete tear/avulsion). There were 3 milestones used to evaluate the RTS continuum: (1) clinically pain-free, (2) completion of controlled sports training, and (3) return to full team training. Subsequent injuries were registered within the first year. Results: We included 81 athletes with an acute adductor injury (MRI grade 0: n = 14; grade 1: n = 20; grade 2: n = 30; grade 3: n = 17). Of these, 61 (75%) athletes achieved RTS milestone 1, 50 (62%) achieved RTS milestone 2, and 75 (93%) achieved RTS milestone 3. There were no statistical differences in the RTS duration between MRI grade 0, 1, and 2 at any RTS milestone; thus, these were grouped together as grade 0-2. The median time (interquartile range [IQR]) for athletes with grade 0-2 injuries to become clinically pain-free was 13 days (IQR, 11-21 days), to complete controlled sports training was 17 days (IQR, 15-27 days), and to return to full team training was 18 days (IQR, 14-27 days). For athletes with a grade 3 injury, median times were 55 days (IQR, 31-75 days), 68 days (IQR, 51-84 days), and 78 days (IQR, 68-98 days), respectively. The overall 1-year reinjury rate was 8%. Athletes who achieved RTS milestone 1 had a statistically significantly lower reinjury rate than athletes who did not (5% vs 21%, respectively; ϕ = –0.233; P = .048). Athletes who achieved RTS milestone 2 had a nonstatistically significantly lower reinjury rate than athletes who did not (6% vs 13%, respectively; ϕ = –0.107; P = .366). Conclusion: We analyzed the results of a criteria-based rehabilitation protocol for athletes with acute adductor injuries. Athletes with an MRI grade 0-2 adductor injury were clinically pain-free after approximately 2 weeks and returned to full team training after approximately 3 weeks. Most athletes with an MRI grade 3 adductor injury were pain-free and returned to full team training within 3 months. Meeting the clinically pain-free criteria resulted in fewer reinjuries compared with not meeting the criteria.
von Willebrand factor/ADAMTS13 ratio at presentation of acute ischemic brain injury is predictive of outcome
Authors: Taylor Alice , Vendramin Chiara , Singh Deepak , Brown Martin M. , Scully Marie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcute ischemic stroke (IS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are associated with raised von Willebrand factor (VWF) and decreased ADAMTS13 activity (ADAMTS13Ac). Their impact on mortality and morbidity is unclear. We conducted a prospective investigation of the VWF-ADAMTS13 axis in 292 adults (acute IS, n = 103; TIA, n = 80; controls, n = 109) serially from presentation until &gt;6 weeks. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) were used to assess stroke severity. Presenting median VWF antigen (VWF:Ag)/ADAMTS13Ac ratios were: IS, 2.42 (range, 0.78-9.53); TIA, 1.89 (range, 0.41-8.14); and controls, 1.69 (range, 0.25-15.63). Longitudinally, the median VWF:Ag/ADAMTS13Ac ratio decreased (IS, 2.42 to 1.66; P = .0008; TIA, 1.89 to 0.65; P &lt; .0001). The VWF:Ag/ADAMTS13Ac ratio was higher at presentation in IS patients who died (3.683 vs 2.014; P &lt; .0001). A presenting VWF:Ag/ADAMTS13Ac ratio &gt;2.6 predicted mortality (odds ratio, 6.33; range, 2.22-18.1). Those with a VWF:Ag/ADAMTS13Ac ratio in the highest quartile (&gt;3.091) had 31% increased risk mortality. VWF:Ag/ADAMTS13Ac ratio at presentation of ischemic brain injury was associated with higher mRS (P = .021) and NIHSS scores (P = .029) at follow-up. Thrombolysis resulted in prompt reduction of the VWF:Ag/ADAMTS13Ac ratio and significant improvement in mRS on follow-up. A raised VWF:Ag/ADAMTS13Ac ratio at presentation of acute IS or TIA is associated with increased mortality and poorer functional outcome. A ratio of 2.6 seems to differentiate outcome. Prompt reduction in the ratio in thrombolysed patients was associated with decreased mortality and morbidity. The VWF:Ag/ADAMTS13Ac ratio is a biomarker for the acute impact of an ischemic event and longer-term outcome.
Beyond Seek and Destroy: how to Generate Allelic Series Using Genome Editing Tools
Authors: Herbert Leo , Meunier Anne-Cécile , Bes Martine , Vernet Aurore , Portefaix Murielle , Durandet Franz , Michel Remy , Chaine Christian , This Patrice , Guiderdoni Emmanuel , Périn Christophe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGenome editing tools have greatly facilitated the functional analysis of genes of interest by targeted mutagenesis. Many usable genome editing tools, including different site-specific nucleases and editor databases that allow single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to be introduced at a given site, are now available. These tools can be used to generate high allelic diversity at a given locus to facilitate gene function studies, including examining the role of a specific protein domain or a single amino acid. We compared the effects, efficiencies and mutation types generated by our LbCPF1, SpCAS9 and base editor (BECAS9) constructs for theOsCAO1gene. SpCAS9 and LbCPF1 have similar efficiencies in generating mutations but differ in the types of mutations induced, with the majority of changes being single-nucleotide insertions and short deletions for SpCAS9 and LbCPF1, respectively. The proportions of heterozygotes also differed, representing a majority in our LbCPF1, while with SpCAS9, we obtained a large number of biallelic mutants. Finally, we demonstrated that it is possible to specifically introduce stop codons using the BECAS9 with an acceptable efficiency of approximately 20%. Based on these results, a rational choice among these three alternatives may be made depending on the type of mutation that one wishes to introduce, the three systems being complementary. SpCAS9 remains the best choice to generate KO mutations in primary transformants, while if the desired gene mutation interferes with regeneration or viability, the use of our LbCPF1 construction will be preferred, because it produces mainly heterozygotes. LbCPF1 has been described in other studies as being as effective as SpCAS9 in generating homozygous and biallelic mutations. It will remain to be clarified in the future, whether the different LbCFP1 constructions have different efficiencies and determine the origin of these differences. Finally, if one wishes to specifically introduce stop codons, BECAS9 is a viable and efficient alternative, although it has a lower efficiency than SpCAS9 and LbCPF1 for creating KO mutations.
Development of the software tool Sample Size for Arbitrary Distributions and exemplarily applying it for calculating minimum numbers of moss samples used as accumulation indicators for atmospheric deposition
Authors: Wosniok Werner , Nickel Stefan , Schröder Winfried 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Do we measure enough to calculate statistically valid characteristic values from random sample measurements, or do we measure too much—without any further increase in knowledge? This question is actually one of the key issues of every empirical measurement design, but is rarely investigated in environmental monitoring.

Results
In this study, the methodology used for the design of the German Moss Survey 2015 network to determine statistically valid minimum sample numbers (MSN) for the calculation of the arithmetic mean value in compliance with certain accuracy requirements was further developed for data that are neither normally nor lognormally distributed. The core element of the procedure for estimating MSN without prerequisite to the distribution of data is an iterative Monte Carlo simulation. The methodological principle consists of using reference data (values measured in Moss Surveys preceding that in 2015) for a series of MSN candidate values to determine what accuracy would be achieved with these, and then calculating the MSN with which the specified accuracy requirement is met from a quadratic function between MSN candidates and their accuracy. The program Sample Size for Arbitrary Distributions (SSAD) was developed for the calculation of the MSN in the open programming language R.

Conclusions
The SSAD procedure closes a gap in the existing methodology for calculating statistically valid minimum sample numbers.
How to study runs of homozygosity using PLINK? A guide for analyzing medium density SNP data in livestock and pet species
Authors: Meyermans R. , Gorssen W. , Buys N. , Janssens S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
PLINK is probably the most used program for analyzing SNP genotypes and runs of homozygosity (ROH), both in human and in animal populations. The last decade, ROH analyses have become the state-of-the-art method for inbreeding assessment. In PLINK, the --homozyg function is used to perform ROH analyses and relies on several input settings. These settings can have a large impact on the outcome and default values are not always appropriate for medium density SNP array data. Guidelines for a robust and uniform ROH analysis in PLINK using medium density data are lacking, albeit these guidelines are vital for comparing different ROH studies. In this study, 8 populations of different livestock and pet species are used to demonstrate the importance of PLINK input settings. Moreover, the effects of pruning SNPs for low minor allele frequencies and linkage disequilibrium on ROH detection are shown.

Results
We introduce the genome coverage parameter to appropriately estimate FROH and to check the validity of ROH analyses. The effect of pruning for linkage disequilibrium and low minor allele frequencies on ROH analyses is highly population dependent and such pruning may result in missed ROH. PLINK’s minimal density requirement is crucial for medium density genotypes and if set too low, genome coverage of the ROH analysis is limited. Finally, we provide recommendations for the maximal gap, scanning window length and threshold settings.

Conclusions
In this study, we present guidelines for an adequate and robust ROH analysis in PLINK on medium density SNP data. Furthermore, we advise to report parameter settings in publications, and to validate them prior to analysis. Moreover, we encourage authors to report genome coverage to reflect the ROH analysis’ validity. Implementing these guidelines will substantially improve the overall quality and uniformity of ROH analyses.
Diverse biological processes coordinate the transcriptional response to nutritional changes in a Drosophila melanogaster multiparent population
Authors: Ng’oma E. , Williams-Simon P. A. , Rahman A. , King E. G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental variation in the amount of resources available to populations challenge individuals to optimize the allocation of those resources to key fitness functions. This coordination of resource allocation relative to resource availability is commonly attributed to key nutrient sensing gene pathways in laboratory model organisms, chiefly the insulin/TOR signaling pathway. However, the genetic basis of diet-induced variation in gene expression is less clear.ResultsTo describe the natural genetic variation underlying nutrient-dependent differences, we used an outbred panel derived from a multiparental population, theDrosophilaSynthetic Population Resource. We analyzed RNA sequence data from multiple female tissue samples dissected from flies reared in three nutritional conditions: high sugar (HS), dietary restriction (DR), and control (C) diets. A large proportion of genes in the experiment (19.6% or 2471 genes) were significantly differentially expressed for the effect of diet, and 7.8% (978 genes) for the effect of the interaction between diet and tissue type (LRT,Padj.< 0.05). Interestingly, we observed similar patterns of gene expression relative to the C diet, in the DR and HS treated flies, a response likely reflecting diet component ratios. Hierarchical clustering identified 21 robust gene modules showing intra-modularly similar patterns of expression across diets, all of which were highly significant for diet or diet-tissue interaction effects (FDRPadj.< 0.05). Gene set enrichment analysis for different diet-tissue combinations revealed a diverse set of pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms (two-sample t-test, FDR < 0.05). GO analysis on individual co-expressed modules likewise showed a large number of terms encompassing many cellular and nuclear processes (Fisher exact test,Padj.< 0.01). Although a handful of genes in the IIS/TOR pathway includingIlp5,Rheb, andSirt2showed significant elevation in expression, many key genes such asInR,chico, most insulin peptide genes, and the nutrient-sensing pathways were not observed.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a more diverse network of pathways and gene networks mediate the diet response in our population. These results have important implications for future studies focusing on diet responses in natural populations.
Functional and population genetic features of copy number variations in two dairy cattle populations
Authors: Lee Young-Lim , Bosse Mirte , Mullaart Erik , Groenen Martien A. M. , Veerkamp Roel F. , Bouwman Aniek C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCopy Number Variations (CNVs) are gain or loss of DNA segments that are known to play a role in shaping a wide range of phenotypes. In this study, we used two dairy cattle populations, Holstein Friesian and Jersey, to discover CNVs using the Illumina BovineHD Genotyping BeadChip aligned to the ARS-UCD1.2 assembly. The discovered CNVs were investigated for their functional impact and their population genetics features.ResultsWe discovered 14,272 autosomal CNVs, which were aggregated into 1755 CNV regions (CNVR) from 451 animals. These CNVRs together cover 2.8% of the bovine autosomes. The assessment of the functional impact of CNVRs showed that rare CNVRs (MAF < 0.01) are more likely to overlap with genes, than common CNVRs (MAF ≥ 0.05). The Population differentiation index (Fst) based on CNVRs revealed multiple highly diverged CNVRs between the two breeds. Some of these CNVRs overlapped with candidate genes such asMGAMandADAMTS17genes,which are related to starch digestion and body size, respectively. Lastly, linkage disequilibrium (LD) between CNVRs and BovineHD BeadChip SNPs was generally low, close to 0, although common deletions (MAF ≥ 0.05) showed slightly higher LD (r2 = ~ 0.1 at 10 kb distance) than the rest. Nevertheless, this LD is still lower than SNP-SNP LD (r2 = ~ 0.5 at 10 kb distance).ConclusionsOur analyses showed that CNVRs detected using BovineHD BeadChip arrays are likely to be functional. This finding indicates that CNVs can potentially disrupt the function of genes and thus might alter phenotypes. Also, the population differentiation index revealed two candidate genes,MGAMandADAMTS17, which hint at adaptive evolution between the two populations. Lastly, low CNVR-SNP LD implies that genetic variation from CNVs might not be fully captured in routine animal genetic evaluation, which relies solely on SNP markers.