bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart rate variability as a biomarker for anorexia nervosa: A review
Authors: Peyser Deena , Scolnick Barbara , Hildebrandt Tom , Taylor J. Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) typically begins in early adolescence and other than weight status has few reliable biomarkers. Early diagnosis is a critical prognostic factor, but this can be clinically challenging. Heart rate variability (HRV), the beat‐by‐beat variance in heart rate (HR), may provide a unique assessment for the presence of AN because it has clinical utility as a biomarker of cardiac autonomic control in various populations (e.g., athletes, the aged, those with cardiovascular diseases, etc.). We present a review of the literature examining HRV in those with AN.MethodRelevant publications were selected from PubMed using the search terms ‘anorexia nervosa AND (HR OR HRV)’. Twenty papers were selected and reviewed.ResultsThe majority of studies suggest that those with AN have markedly and consistently elevated HRV compared to controls, even greater than among young athletes. However, no studies have explored HRV as a biomarker for AN.DiscussionFuture studies on HRV should elucidate its role as a diagnostic biomarker for AN as well as its responsiveness with serial measurement to track response rates and predict relapse.
Hydro‐meteorological drivers influencing suspended sediment transport and yield in a semi‐arid mountainous basin
Authors: Millares A. , Moñino A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding erosion and sediment transport dynamics is key for sustainable water resources management. The objective of this research was to assess suspended sediment responses, identifying relationships with hydro‐meteorological drivers, sediment sources and connectivity in a mountainous semi‐arid basin. With this purpose, suspended sediment concentrations of 12 events were measured by automatic sampling and classified based on six descriptors of hydro‐meteorological drivers, their related rating curves and hysteresis loop behaviour, and distribution of precipitation, snowfall and snowmelt. Comparison with sediment transport and yield along the river, previously reported, was also performed. The results allowed us to distinguish up to three types of events with different erosive responses, comparable with other Mediterranean environments and snowmelt‐driven basins. Events classified as type I and II were closely linked to snow processes. Those classified as type III presented higher sediment yield and negligible influence of snow processes. The analysis of rating curves and hysteresis loops confirmed the identified transport responses. Type I and II events, with clockwise behaviour, were related to in‐channel sediment storage. Type III events, with predominantly counter‐clockwise behaviour, were related to hillslope erosion processes of gullying and landslides. The sediment connectivity analysed highlights the role of vegetation cover and land uses, and its sensitivity in high mountainous environments, which fits with the observed sediment transport at the study site. The volume of sediment trapped in the bottomset area of a reservoir downstream was related to type I events (more frequent and of greater magnitude). However, spatial distribution and frequency of type III events are likely to become more relevant under future climate scenarios due to their high sensitivity to hydro‐meteorological drivers. These results highlight the vulnerability of high mountainous areas on erosive dynamics and justify long‐term monitoring as hotspots of future challenge for water resource management. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Organic Flash Cycle By R600a/R601a Mixtures▴
Authors: Huang G. D. , Zhang S. Y. , Ge Z. , Xie Z. Y. , Yuan Z. P. , Xie J. B. , Xu J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrganic flash cycle (OFC) can effectively use low‐ and medium‐temperature heat sources. The non‐isothermal phase change characteristic of R600a/R601a mixtures can improve the thermal match between the cycle and heat sink. In this study, a thermodynamic model of the OFC system was proposed. The OFC system was driven by heat source temperatures of 100–200 °C. R600a/R601a mixtures were selected as the working fluids. The effects of the mole fraction of the mixtures and the heat source temperature on the net power output, cycle efficiency, and second‐law efficiency were investigated. The exergy destruction in the component was also discussed. Results showed that when the heat source temperature was 100–180 °C, the relative increments in the net power outputs of the mixture systems were 0.62–5% compared with that of the R601a system. At 190–200 °C, the R601a system demonstrated the largest net power output. A characteristic temperature (Tct) was also observed. When THS,in ≤ Tct, the net power output was mainly affected by the thermal match between the cycle and the heat sink, flashing process destruction, and low‐pressure throttle valve destruction. When THS,in > Tct, the net power output was mainly affected by the thermal match between the cycle and the heat sources.
Differential effects of integrase strand transfer inhibitors, elvitegravir and raltegravir, on oligodendrocyte maturation: A role for the integrated stress response
Authors: Roth Lindsay M. , Zidane Bassam , Festa Lindsay , Putatunda Raj , Romer Micah , Monnerie Hubert , Jordan‐Sciutto Kelly L. , Grinspan Judith B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRegardless of adherence to combined antiretroviral therapy, white matter and myelin pathologies persist in patients with HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders, a spectrum of cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments. We hypothesized that antiretroviral therapy alters the maturation of oligodendrocytes which synthesize myelin. We tested whether specific frontline integrase strand transfer inhibitors would alter oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. To model the effect of antiretrovirals on oligodendrocytes, we stimulated primary rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes in vitro in the presence of therapeutically relevant concentrations of elvitegravir or raltegravir and then assessed differentiation with lineage specific markers. To examine the effect of antiretrovirals on myelination, we treated mice with the demyelinating compound cuprizone, for 5 weeks. This was followed by 3 weeks of recovery in absence of cuprizone, during which time some mice received a daily intrajugular injection of elvitegravir. Brains were harvested, sectioned and processed by immunohistochemistry to examine oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. Elvitegravir inhibited oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro in a concentration‐dependent manner, while raltegravir had no effect. Following cuprizone demyelination, administration of elvitegravir to adult mice reduced remyelination compared with control animals. Elvitegravir treatment activated the integrated stress response in oligodendrocytes in vitro, an effect which was completely blocked by pretreatment with the integrated stress response inhibitor Trans‐ISRIB, preventing elvitegravir‐mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte maturation. These studies demonstrate that elvitegravir impairs oligodendrocyte maturation and remyelination and that the integrated stress response mediates this effect and may be a possible therapeutic target.
Sox2‐dependent maintenance of mouse oligodendroglioma involves the Sox2‐mediated downregulation of Cdkn2b, Ebf1, Zfp423, and Hey2
Authors: Barone Cristiana , Buccarelli Mariachiara , Alessandrini Francesco , Pagin Miriam , Rigoldi Laura , Sambruni Irene , Favaro Rebecca , Ottolenghi Sergio , Pallini Roberto , Ricci‐Vitiani Lucia , Malatesta Paolo , Nicolis Silvia K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSC) are essential for tumorigenesis. The transcription factor Sox2 is overexpressed in brain gliomas, and is essential to maintain CSC. In mouse high‐grade glioma pHGG cells in culture, Sox2 deletion causes cell proliferation arrest and inability to reform tumors after transplantation in vivo; in Sox2‐deleted cells, 134 genes are derepressed. To identify genes mediating Sox2 deletion effects, we overexpressed into pHGG cells nine among the most derepressed genes, and identified four genes, Ebf1, Hey2, Zfp423, and Cdkn2b, that strongly reduced cell proliferation in vitro and brain tumorigenesis in vivo. CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of each gene, individually or in combination (Ebf1 + Cdkn2b), significantly antagonized the proliferation arrest caused by Sox2 deletion. The same genes also repressed clonogenicity in primary human glioblastoma‐derived CSC‐like lines. These experiments identify a network of critical tumor suppressive Sox2‐targets whose inhibition by Sox2 is involved in glioma CSC maintenance, defining new potential therapeutic targets.
Identifying Quality Gaps in Preventive Care for Outpatients With Cirrhosis Within a Large, Academic Health Care System
Authors: Kardashian Ani , Patel Arpan A. , Aby Elizabeth S. , Cusumano Vivy T. , Soroudi Camille , Winters Adam C. , Wu Eric , Beah Peter , Delshad Sean , Kim Nathan , Yang Liu , May Folasade P. 
Published: September 2020

We sought to identify specific gaps in preventive care provided to outpatients with cirrhosis and to determine factors associated with high quality of care (QOC), to guide quality improvement efforts. Outpatients with cirrhosis who received care at a large, academic tertiary health care system in the United States were included. Twelve quality indicators (QIs), including preventive care processes for ascites, esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and general cirrhosis care, were measured. QI pass rates were calculated as the proportion of patients eligible for a QI who received that QI during the study period. We performed logistic regression to determine predictors of high QOC (≥ 75% of eligible QIs) and receipt of HCC surveillance. Of the 439 patients, the median age was 63 years, 59% were male, and 19% were Hispanic. The median Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease–Sodium score was 11, 64% were compensated, and 32% had hepatitis C virus. QI pass rates varied by individual QIs, but were overall low. For example, 24% received appropriate HCC surveillance, 32% received an index endoscopy for varices screening, and 21% received secondary prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In multivariable analyses, Asian race (odds ratio [OR]: 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3‐10.2) was associated with higher QOC, and both Asian race (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.2‐9.0) and decompensated status (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1‐4.2) were associated with receipt of HCC surveillance. A greater number of specialty care visits was not associated with higher QOC. Conclusion: Receipt of outpatient preventive cirrhosis QIs was variable and overall low in a diverse cohort of patients with cirrhosis. Variation in care by race/ethnicity and illness trajectory should prompt further inquiry into identifying modifiable factors to standardize care delivery and to improve QOC.
The cream‐skimming effect in China's health care services: A mixed methods study
Authors: Chen Dongjin , Lang Youxing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveOne of the greatest inequities in China's health care service is that between senior cadres, high‐level bureaucrats, and the general public in terms of hospital access and payment. We aim to demonstrate this inequity and to explore its connection with the regional inequity of different levels of health care facilities.MethodsIn a content analysis of official websites of provincial health bureaus and national top hospitals, we determine whether senior cadres enjoy priority in health services with fewer payments. Then, we employ multiple regression analyses to explore the correlation of the local economy, the local population as well as the regional power and different levels of health care facilities.ResultsThe content analysis suggests that senior cadres indeed enjoy priority in health care services. According to the regression results, the local population has a positive correlation with every level of health care facilities except the highest one, which is responsive only to the local power index.ConclusionWe demonstrate a demand‐side cream‐skimming effect in China's health care service. Senior cadres have taken the ‘cream’, the best services, and the individual inequity between senior cadres and the general public is related to the regional inequity of different‐level health care facilities.
Effect of horizontal pressure gradient on Rayleigh–Bénard convection of a Newtonian nanoliquid in a high porosity medium using a local thermal non‐equilibrium model
Authors: Sakshath T. N. , P Joshi Arundhathi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA study of linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of Darcy–Brinkman convection in a water–alumina, nanoliquid‐saturated porous layer for stress‐free isothermal boundaries, when the solid and nanoliquid phases are in local thermal nonequilibrium, is conducted. The critical eigenvalue is found using the Galerkin approach. The effect of the pressure gradient, thermal conductivity ratio, interphase heat transfer coefficient, inverse Darcy number, and Brinkman number on the heat transport and onset of convection is examined and represented graphically. The critical values of wavenumber and nanoliquid Rayleigh number are found for different problem parameter values. The effect of increasing the porosity‐modified ratio of thermal conductivity advances the onset of convection and increases the amount of heat transport, whereas the remaining parameters have the opposite impact on the onset of convection and amount of heat transport. The classical results of the local thermal equilibrium case and Darcy–Bénard convection in the presence of pressure gradient are obtained as a limiting case of the present problem.
The safety of agomelatine in standard medical practice in depressed patients: A 26‐week international multicentre cohort study
Authors: Gorwood Philip , Benichou Jacques , Moore Nicholas , Álvarez Martínez Enric , Mertens Joost , Aguglia Eugenio , Figueira Maria‐Luisa , Falkai Peter , Olivier Valérie , Wattez Marine , Picarel‐Blanchot Françoise , de Bodinat Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present observational cohort study documented the safety of agomelatine in current medical practice in out‐patients suffering from major depressive disorder.MethodThe 6‐month evolution of agomelatine‐treated patients was assessed with a focus on safety (emergent adverse events, liver acceptability), severity of depression using the Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI‐S) score, and functioning measured by the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS).ResultsA total of 8453 depressed patients from 761 centres in 6 countries were analysed (female: 67.7%; mean age: 49.1 ± 14.8 years). Adverse events reported were in accordance with the known safety profile of agomelatine. Cutaneous events were reported in 1.7% of the patients and increased hepatic transaminases values were reported in 0.9 % of the patients. The incidence of events related to suicide/self‐injury was 1.0%. Two completed suicides, not related to the study drug, were reported. CGI‐S total scores and SDS sub‐scores improved and numbers of days lost or underproductive decreased over the treatment period.ConclusionsIn standard medical practice, agomelatine treatment was associated with a low incidence of side effects. No unexpected events were reported. A decrease in the severity of the depressive episode and improved functioning were observed.Trial registration nameObservational cohort study to evaluate the safety of agomelatine in standard medical practice in depressed patients. A prospective, observational (non‐interventional), international, multicentre cohort study.Trial registration numberISRCTN53570733
Foraging Ecology Differentiates Life Stages and Mercury Exposure in Common Terns (Sterna hirundo)
Authors: Bracey Annie M , Etterson Matthew A , Strand Frederick C , Matteson Sumner W , Niemi Gerald J , Cuthbert Francesca J , Hoffman Joel C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Some populations of common terns (Sterna hirundo) breeding at inland lakes in North America are declining, including the Laurentian Great Lakes. Terns nesting at inland colonies forage in freshwater during the breeding season and primarily in coastal marine environments during the nonbreeding season. As piscivores, they are susceptible to dietary Hg exposure. To characterize patterns of Hg exposure in this population, we 1) quantified within and among season differences in total mercury (THg) concentrations (μg/g) in blood and feathers at 2 Lake Superior breeding colonies, and 2) documented spatial and temporal variation in exposure by studying adult foraging ecology using geospatial tracking devices and stable isotopes. We used general linear models to assess the relationship between isotopic composition and THg concentrations in bird tissues relative to sex, age, colony location, and season. The THg concentrations were lowest in winter-grown feathers (geometric mean [95% confidence limits]): 1.32 (1.09–1.59) μg/g dw (n = 60), higher at the more industrially influenced colony (chick feathers: 4.95 [4.62–5.37] μg/g dw [n = 20]), and increased with a riverine-based diet. During the breeding season, Hg exposure varied along a gradient from lake to river, with adult females having lower blood THg concentrations than males (females: 0.83 [0.67–1.03]) μg/g ww (n = 7); males: 1.15 (0.92–1.45) μg/g ww (n = 5). Stable isotope values suggested adults obtained 42 ± 12% (n = 12) of their diet from the river during incubation, which was validated with tracking data. During chick-rearing, chicks obtained 68 ± 19% (n = 44) of their diet from the river. Our results indicate colony location, foraging behavior, and season influenced Hg exposure for these Lake Superior colonies and underscores the importance of local contamination with respect to exposure. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:398–410. © 2020 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Use of stable isotopes and on-bird tracking devices was critical for determining year-round risk of Hg exposure for common terns. Hg exposure was associated with geographic location, shifts in foraging behavior, and habitat use throughout the year. Common terns can be used as ecological monitors of local Hg exposure. Documenting chronic and potentially increasing exposure to contaminants such as Hg is important when assessing cumulative risk.
Dynamic relationship among the bank stability, oil, and gold prices: Evidence from the Islamic banks operating in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries
Authors: Elbadri Marei , Bektaş Eralp 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study uses quarterly time series data to investigate the relationship between oil and gold prices, and the financial stability of Islamic banks operating in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries for the period of 2005Q1 to 2018Q1. For this purpose, first it uses Johansen cointegration and VECM methodologies, and then it employs the newly‐developed Bayer–Hanck, Gregory–Hansen, Toda–Yamamato, and DOLS methodologies to test the robustness of the findings. Results reveal a cointegrating relationship and equilibrium‐correcting mechanism between the two commodities prices and the bank stability. Both commodities prices have positive effects on bank stability in the short run. However, oil price has a positive effect in the long run, while gold price has a negative effect in the long run. The causality results confirm unidirectional causality from oil and gold prices to bank stability in the short run, and oil price to bank stability in the long run.
Hypercalcemia After Cosmetic Oil Injections: Unraveling Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Severity
Authors: Eldrup Ebbe , Theilade Simone , Lorenzen Mette , Andreassen Christine H , Poulsen Katrine H , Nielsen John E , Hansen Ditte , El Fassi Daniel , Berg Jais O , Bagi Per , Jørgensen Anne , Blomberg Jensen Martin 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Intramuscular injections of paraffin oil can cause foreign body granuloma formation and hypercalcemia. Macrophages with the ability to produce high levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 may induce the mineral disturbance, but no major series of patients have been published to date. Here, medical history, physical evaluation, biochemical, and urinary analysis for calcium homeostasis were obtained from 88 males, who 6 years previously had injected paraffin or synthol oil into skeletal muscle. Moreover, granuloma tissue from three men was cultured for 48 hours ex vivo to determine 1,25(OH)2D3 production supported by qPCR and immunohistochemistry of vitamin D metabolism and immune cell populations after treatment with 14 different drugs. The 88 men were stratified into men with hypercalcemia (34%), whereas normocalcemic men were separated into men with either normal (42%) or suppressed parathyroid hormone (PTH) (24%). All men had high calcium excretion, and nephrolithiasis was found in 48% of hypercalcemic men, 22% of normocalcemic men with normal PTH, and 47% of normocalcemic men with suppressed PTH. Risk factors for developing hypercalcemia were oil volume injected, injection of heated oil, high serum interleukin-2 receptor levels, and high urine calcium. High 1,25(OH)2D3/25OHD ratio, calcium excretion, and low PTH was associated with nephrolithiasis. The vitamin D activating enzyme CYP27B1 was markedly expressed in granuloma tissue, and 1,25(OH)2D3 was released in concentrations corresponding to 40% to 50% of the production by human kidney specimens. Dexamethasone, ketoconazole, and ciclosporin significantly suppressed granulomatous production of 1,25(OH)2D3. In conclusion, this study shows that injection of large oil volumes alters calcium homeostasis and increases the risk of nephrolithiasis. Hypercalciuria is an early sign of disease, and high granulomatous 1,25(OH)2D3 production is part of the cause. Prospective clinical trials are needed to determine if ciclosporin, ketoconazole, or other drugs can be used as prednisolone-sparing treatment. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Lipoprotein apheresis and PCSK9 inhibitors for severe familial hypercholesterolaemia: Experience from Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Page Michael M , Ekinci Elif I , Burnett John R , Hooper Amanda J , Reid Nicola , Bishop Warrick , Florkowski Chris M , Scott Russell , O'Brien Richard C , Watts Gerald F 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionSevere familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) causes premature disability and death due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and is refractory to standard lipid‐lowering therapies. Lipoprotein apheresis (LA) has long been a standard of care for patients with severe FH, but is invasive, expensive and time‐consuming for patients and their caregivers. Newer drug therapies, including the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, may reduce the need for LA.Materials and methodsWe audited the records of 16 patients (eight homozygous, eight heterozygous) treated with LA in Australia and New Zealand, 14 of whom subsequently commenced PCSK9 inhibitor therapy. LA was performed by cascade filtration in all centres.ResultsLDL‐cholesterol was acutely lowered by 69 ± 7% in patients with homozygous FH and by 72 ± 9% in those with heterozygous FH, representing time‐averaged reductions of 36 ± 12% and 34 ± 5%, respectively. LA was well‐tolerated, and patients reported comparable quality of life to population and disease‐related norms. After commencement of PCSK9 inhibitors, four of seven patients with homozygous FH had meaningful biochemical responses, with a reduction in the frequency of LA permitted in one patient and complete cessation in another. Four of seven patients with heterozygous FH were able to be managed without LA after commencing PCSK9 inhibitors.ConclusionWhile PCSK9 inhibitors have reduced the need for LA, some patients with severe FH continue to require LA, and will require it for the foreseeable future. However, emerging therapies, including angiopoetin‐like 3 inhibitors, may further reduce the need for LA.