bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of the amalgam tattoo in the esthetic zone
Authors: Mathews David P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveWhen pigmentations appeared in the esthetic zone and were visible during the patient's smile, they were very disconcerting. There are multiple techniques to eradicate or ameliorate these discolorations. This article will address those pigmentations caused by amalgam particles.Clinical considerationsKeratinized gingival grafts were used to cover and mask these pigmentations. In addition, connective tissue grafts were used to aid in the elimination of the external pigmentation.ConclusionsBoth techniques were shown to be very effective in masking or eliminating these unesthetic pigmentations. Long‐term follow‐up has shown these results to be stable with no recurrence of the pigmentation.Clinical significanceUnesthetic pigmentations in the esthetic zone that are visible during a patient's smile are very disconcerting. Elimination of these unesthetic discolorations can make a dramatic improvement in the patient's smile.
Leptin gene polymorphism (rs 7799039;G2548A) is associated with changes in lipid profile during a partial meal‐replacement hypocaloric diet
Authors: Primo D. , Izaola O. , de Luis D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSome studies have demonstrated a positive association of the rs7799039 genetic variant of the LEP gene with energy intake and metabolic parameters. The present study aimed to analyse the effects of the rs7799039 genetic variant of the LEP gene on metabolic parameters after weight loss secondary to a partial meal‐replacement (pMR) hypocaloric diet.MethodsWe conducted a non‐randomised, single‐treatment study in 122 obese subjects with body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg m–2. The subjects were treated with two intakes of a normocaloric hyperproteic formula during 12 weeks. Anthropometric parameters and biochemical profile were measured at basal time and after 12 weeks. The variant genetic variant (rs7799039) of the LEP gene was assessed by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWe recruited 122 subjects [26 GG (21.3%), 59 GA (29.5%) and 37 AA (30.3%)]. The mean (SD) age of the all group was 59.4 (6.3) years (range 45–63 years) and the mean (SD) BMI was 39.3 (2.8) kg m–2 (range 36.2–45.1 kg m–2). After the pMR hypocaloric diet, body weight, BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and blood pressure decreased in both genotypes. All of these improvements were similar in both genotypes. Moreover, after dietary intervention, only subjects without an A allele showed a significant improvement in triglycerides (GG versus GA + AA) [mean (SD) −15.3 (6.4) mg dL−1 versus −3.7 (4.3) mg dL−1: P = 0.02], total cholesterol [−25.0 (5.3) mg dL−1 versus −8.1 (3.5) mg dL−1: P = 0.02] and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol [−20.7 (4.2) mg dL−1 versus −5.4 (2.3) mg dL−1: P = 0.01].ConclusionsSubjects with an A allele of the rs7799039 variant in the LEPR gene showed a significant improvement in low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and triglycerides levels after weight loss secondary to a pMR hypocaloric diet.
Effect of Cold Application on Bruising and Pain Following Heparin Subcutaneous Injection: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mohammady Mina , Sadeghi Narges 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeWe performed this review systematically to assess the effect of cold application at the heparin subcutaneous injection site on incidence and size of bruising, hematoma, and pain intensity.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis were utilized as the study design.Data SourcesTo retrieve the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to July 2019, the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, TRIP, and Elmnet.ir were searched.Review MethodsThose RCTs were selected in which the participants had received any type of heparin via subcutaneous injections at least once a day, as were those comparing the effect of cold application (i.e., moist or dry ice packs or vapocoolant spray) on injection sites with no interventions or placebos. The types of outcomes measured included pain intensity, bruising, and hematoma at injection sites. Furthermore, odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to measure the pooled data.ResultsA total of nine studies recruiting 896 patients with a mean age range of 37 to 62 years were ultimately included in this study. The findings revealed that eight studies had used low‐molecular‐weight heparin, but unfractionated heparin had been administered in one study. The quality of the studies was also assessed in seven domains. Overall, risk of bias in the included articles was low to moderate. Pooling data of six studies showed that the patients had experienced less pain intensity once cold had been applied at the heparin injection sites (MD = −1.67; 95% CI −3.03 to −0.31;p= .02; I2= 92%). Bruising had been correspondingly reported in eight and six studies in terms of size and incidence, respectively. In particular, the results had demonstrated no statistically significant difference between either group in terms of bruising size or incidence at 48 to 72 hr following heparin injection. Furthermore, hematoma incidence had been reported in two studies, and one trial had reported hematoma size only. The results had suggested that the patients had smaller hematomas (MD = −0.87; 95% CI −1.63 to −0.11;p= .03) and a lower incidence of hematomas (OR= 0.35; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.76;p= .008) in the cold application group 48 hr after injection.ConclusionsThe results of this systematic review and meta‐analysis showed that patients could experience less pain and fewer hematomas once the cold had been applied for 3 to 5 min at the injection sites before or after subcutaneous heparin administration. During this period, clinicians should also consider the patient's comfort; if some patients feel discomfort at the cold application site, the minimum possible time should be considered.Clinical ReverenceThis study’s results could be used as evidence for all hospitalized and outpatients who need to receive any form of heparin and may suffer from local complications of this medicine.
To sing the songs of pride: Creating an anthem of inclusion
Authors: Gorman Geraldine , Diehn Andrew , LeSure Naomi , Real Raquel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this season of public health crises and profound social unrest, we can draw inspiration from those who survived hard times and celebrated the American spirit. Here three students in an accelerated nursing program, poised for graduation in the coming year, join their insights and observation on the challenges facing this country with that of the famed troubadour of the Great Depression, Woody Guthrie. As nurses and public health practitioners, we commit to anthems of inclusion and justice for all.
Exploring the Reaction Paths on the Potential Energy Surfaces of the S1 and T1 States in Methylenecyclopropane
Authors: Koseki Shiro , Haruta Mamoru , Sawada Nozomi , Asada Toshio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reaction paths of methylenecyclopropane 1 on the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the lowest triplet (T1) state and the lowest excited singlet (S1) state, as well as that of the ground state (S0), were explored by using the nudged elastic band method at the MRMP2//MCSCF/6‐31++G(d,p) and DFT(B3LYP)/6‐31++G(d,p) levels of theory. After vertical excitation of 1, three transition states on the PES of the lowest triplet state and one transition state on the S1 PES were found along the reaction path to produce a carbene, cyclobutylidene 2. All of these transition states are lower in energy than the S1 state produced by vertical excitation at the S0 energy minimum in 1. Fast transition is predicted to occur from the T1 state or from the S1 state to the S0 state due to strong spin‐orbit coupling or nonadiabatic coupling in the geometrical vicinity of 2. On the MRMP2 S0 PES, the energy barriers of 5.0, 10.3 and 13.5 kcal mol−1 were obtained for C migration reaction (backward reaction), 1,2‐H migration reaction to cyclobutene 3, and 1,3‐H migration reaction to bicyclopropane 4, respectively, started at 2. The introduction of phenyl groups makes the energy barriers smaller due to the π conjugation between the carbene center and phenyl groups.
Analyzing the effects of stochastic perturbation and fuzzy distance transformation on Wuhan urban growth simulation
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wang Haijun , He Sanwei , Xia Chang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStochastic perturbation and fuzzy distance transformation (FDT) have been widely introduced into the derivation of transition rules to improve the simulation capability of urban cellular automata (CA) models. However, their effects on urban growth simulation have not been revealed. In this article, we compare their effects on urban growth simulation for the city of Wuhan by a sensitivity analysis of the simulation accuracy and simulated urban patterns. We reveal the relationship between the two components and propose an optimized stochastic variable to improve the simulation capability of urban CA models. The results show that the stochastic perturbation is the main factor affecting the simulation accuracy and simulated urban patterns of Wuhan, in that it significantly reduces the simulation accuracy and increases the degree of fragmentation and the proximity and shape complexity of the simulation results. In addition, the change caused by the stochastic perturbation increases with its intensity. Although FDT can restrain the effect of the stochastic perturbation, its inhibitory effect becomes negligible as the stochastic perturbation intensity increases. The optimized stochastic variable can significantly reduce the negative impact of the original stochastic variable, and its improvement is more obvious when the stochastic perturbation intensity is higher.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the oil‐collecting bee subgenus Centris (Wagenknechtia) (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
Authors: Vivallo Felipe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCentris (Wagenknechtia) is the only subgenus of centridine bees that occurs almost exclusively in the Andean Region. This study investigates the monophyly of C. (Wagenknechtia) proposing a hypothesis for the relationships among its species using 42 morphological characters of adults. The analysis resulted in one most parsimonious tree corroborating the monophyly of this group of oil‐collecting bees, with the relationships among its species as follows: ((C. escomeli + C. moldenkei) (C. muralis (C. rhodophthalma + C. vardyorum) (C. cineraria + C. orellanai))). Based on these results plus available distributional records, a cladistic biogeographic analysis was performed. The resulting hypothesis of the relationships between the endemism areas in the Andean Region is as follows: (((Atacama–Puna) (Desert–Atacama–Puna)) ((Pampean–Chaco–Puna) ((Monte–Coquimban) (Coquimban (Patagonian–Valdivian Forest–Coquimban–Maule–Monte–Santiago–Magellanic Forest))))).
Immiscibility and the origin of ladder structures, mafic layering, and schlieren in plutons
Authors: Glazner Allen F. , Bartley John M. , Law Bryan S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Granitic plutons worldwide contain ladder structures (LSs) that consist of nested trough-shaped layers alternating between mafic and felsic compositions. LSs and other forms of modal layering have been attributed to crystal accumulation, but their chemical trends differ greatly from those of cumulates and are discordant with chemical variations of their granitic hosts. Mafic layers reach extreme enrichments in transition metals, high-field-strength elements, and incompatible elements, and are extremely depleted in Si and Al. These geochemical characteristics are difficult to explain by crystal accumulation and conflict with sequences of phase appearance during crystallization. They are characteristic of liquid immiscibility, which is an accepted process in the genesis of tholeiitic and alkalic rocks. We propose that ladder structures and other forms of modal layering are markers of immiscibility in calc-alkaline granitic rocks.
Taking time to twist a continent—Multistage origin of the New Zealand orocline
Authors: Lamb S. , Mortimer N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In New Zealand, a giant coherent “Z” shape is defined by several curvilinear pre-Cenozoic basement terranes that extend across Zealandia for &gt;1500 km along strike. It is widely assumed that this curvature was the result of bending during the Neogene, which together with ∼450 km of dextral displacement on the Alpine fault accommodated a total of ∼750 km of dextral shear through the New Zealand plate boundary zone between the Australian and Pacific plates. This would make it a very simple form of orocline. In fact, we show that its development was surprisingly complex and protracted, with a composite origin. Its western and southern parts were bent as much as 70° in the Mesozoic. In the Late Cretaceous, the already bent terranes were offset sinistrally by ∼250 km along the cross-cutting proto–Alpine fault, which acted as a transform to the rift between East and West Antarctica. Since the Eocene, and after Zealandia had completely separated from Antarctica, the two sides of the Alpine fault have undergone 45° of relative plate rotation, further bending the terranes. However, the eastern part of what appears today to be the same oroclinal structure has been created entirely since the Eocene, and mainly during the Neogene phase of dextral shear through the plate boundary, with large-scale internal bending and shortening. We suggest that multistage and composite evolutions may be typical features of oroclines, which would be difficult to unravel without a rich tectonic and plate motion database, such as that available for the New Zealand region.
Tethered capsule en face optical coherence tomography for imaging Barrett’s oesophagus in unsedated patients
Authors: Liang Kaicheng , Ahsen Osman O , Murphy Annalee , Zhang Jason , Nguyen Tan H , Potsaid Benjamin , Figueiredo Marisa , Huang Qin , Mashimo Hiroshi , Fujimoto James G 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveBarrett’s oesophagus (BE) screening outside the endoscopy suite can identify patients for surveillance and reduce mortality. Tethered capsule optical coherence tomography (OCT) can volumetrically image oesophageal mucosa in unsedated patients and detect features of BE. We investigated ultrahigh-speed tethered capsule swept-source OCT (SS-OCT), improved device design, developed procedural techniques and measured capsule contact, longitudinal pullback non-uniformity and patient toleration.DesignOCT was performed in 16 patients prior to endoscopic surveillance/treatment. Unsedated patients swallowed the capsule with sips of water and the tether was pulled back to image the oesophagus. SS-OCT at 1 000 000 A-scans/s enabled imaging 10 cm oesophageal lengths in 10 s with 30 µm transverse and 8 µm axial resolution. Capsule contact, longitudinal image coverage and patient toleration were assessed.ResultsNine patients had non-dysplastic BE, three had ablative treatment-naïve neoplasia and four had prior ablation for dysplasia. Dry swallows facilitated capsule transit through the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), and waiting 10 s before pullback reduced swallow induced LES relaxation. Slow nasal inhalation facilitated capsule retrieval and minimised gag reflex. The procedure was well tolerated. Ultrahigh-speed SS-OCT generated cross-sectional and subsurface en face images showing BE features, while subsurface en face images were required to assess the gastro-oesophageal junction. Candidate features of dysplasia were also identified which could inform follow-up endoscopy/biopsy. BE features were seen in all patients with histologically confirmed BE. Mean capsule contact over BE was 75%±27% for all patients and better in short segment BE. Mean longitudinal image coverage over BE was 59%±34% and better for long segment BE.ConclusionsUltrahigh-speed tethered capsule SS-OCT can image en face and cross-sectional mucosal features over wide areas. Device and procedure optimisation improved performance. BE features could be identified in all patients, but limited capsule contact and longitudinal coverage could cause sampling errors for focal pathologies.
Efficacy of second-line regimens forHelicobacter pylorieradication treatment: a systemic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Yen-Lin , Tung Yu-Chun , Tu Yu-Kang , Yeh Hong-Zen , Yang Jyh-Chin , Hsu Ping-I , Kim Sung-Eun , Wu Ming-Fen , Liou Wen-Shyong , Shiu Sz-Iuan 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) and quinolone-containing therapy after failure of first-lineHelicobacter pylorieradication therapy. However, the optimum regimen of second-line eradication therapy remains elusive. We conducted a network meta-analysis to compare the relative efficacy of 16 second-lineH. pylorieradication regimens.MethodsThree major bibliographic databases were reviewed to enrol relevant randomised controlled trials between January 2000 and September 2018. Network meta-analysis was conducted by STATA software and we performed subgroup analysis in countries with high clarithromycin resistance and high levofloxacin resistance, and in patients with documented failure of first-line triple therapy.ResultsFifty-four studies totalling 8752 participants who received 16 regimens were eligible for analysis. Compared with a 7-day BQT, use of probiotic add-on therapy during, before, and after second-line antibiotic regimens, quinolone-based sequential therapy for 10–14 days, quinolone-based bismuth quadruple therapy for 10–14 days, bismuth quadruple therapy for 10–14 days, and quinolone-based triple therapy for 10–14 days were significantly superior to the other regimens. Subgroup analysis of countries with high clarithromycin resistance and high levofloxacin resistance revealed that the ranking of second-line eradication regimens was distributed similarly in each group, as well as in patients with failure of first-line triple therapy.ConclusionWe conducted a detailed comparison of second-lineH. pyloriregimens according to different antibiotic resistance rates and the results suggest alternative treatment choices with potential benefits beyond those that could be achieved using salvage therapies recommended by guidelines.
Quit attempts among tobacco users identified in the Tamil Nadu Tobacco Survey of 2015/2016: a 3 year follow-up mixed methods study
Authors: Veeraiah Surendran , Elangovan Vidhubala , Tripathy Jaya Prasad , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Anand Tanu , Reddy Mahendra M , Sudhakar Revathy , K Niraimathi , Subramani Divyarajprabhakar , Rajaraman Swaminathan , Elluswami Hemanth Raj , Nirgude Abhay 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo determine current tobacco use in 2018/2019, quit attempts made and to explore the enablers and barriers in quitting tobacco among tobacco users identified in the Tamil Nadu Tobacco Survey (TNTS) in 2015/2016.SettingTNTS was conducted in 2015/2016 throughout the state of Tamil Nadu (TN) in India covering 111 363 individuals. Tobacco prevalence was found to be 5.2% (n=5208).ParticipantsAll tobacco users in 11 districts of TN identified by TNTS (n=2909) were tracked after 3 years by telephone. In-depth interviews (n=26) were conducted in a subsample to understand the enablers and barriers in quitting.Primary and secondary outcomesCurrent tobacco use status, any quit attempt and successful quit rate were the primary outcomes, while barriers and enablers in quitting were considered as secondary outcomes.ResultsAmong the 2909 tobacco users identified in TNTS 2015/2016, only 724 (24.9%) could be contacted by telephone, of which 555 (76.7%) consented. Of those who consented, 210 (37.8%) were currently not using tobacco (ie, successfully quit) and 337 (60.7%) continued to use any form of tobacco. Of current tobacco users, 115 (34.1%) have never made any attempt to quit and 193 (57.3.8%) have made an attempt to quit. Those using smoking form of tobacco products (adjusted relative risk (aRR)=1.2, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.4) and exposure to smoke at home (aRR=1.2, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.3) were found to be positively associated with continued tobacco use (failed or no quit attempt). Support from family and perceived health benefits are key enablers, while peer influence, high dependence and lack of professional help are some of the barriers to quitting.ConclusionTwo-thirds of the tobacco users continue to use tobacco in the last 3 years. While tobacco users are well aware of the ill-effects of tobacco, various intrinsic and extrinsic factors play a major role as a facilitator and lack of the same act as a barrier to quit.
Comparative CT with stress manoeuvres for diagnosing distal isolated tibiofibular syndesmotic injury in acute ankle sprain: a protocol for an accuracy- test prospective study
Authors: Rodrigues João Carlos , Santos Alexandre Leme Godoy , Prado Marcelo Pires , Alloza José Felipe Marion , Masagão Renato Amaral , Rosemberg Laercio Alberto , Barros Durval do Carmo Santos , Castro Adham do Amaral e , Demange Marco Kawamura , Lenza Mario , Ferretti Mario 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionAlthough several imaging options are available for diagnosing syndesmotic injury, a fundamental question that guides treatment remains unanswered. Syndesmotic instability is still challenging to diagnose correctly, and syndesmotic disruption and true syndesmotic instability should be differentiated. Currently, imaging tests quickly diagnose severe syndesmotic instability but have difficulty in diagnosing mild and moderate cases. This study aims to investigate which strategy among an existing CT index test and two new add-on CT index tests with stress manoeuvres more accurately diagnoses syndesmotic instability. The secondary objective is to investigate the participants’ disability outcomes by applying the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure questionnaire.Methods and analysesThis study of a diagnostic accuracy test will consecutively select individuals older than 18 years with a clinical diagnosis of a suspected acute syndesmotic injury. Three strategies of the CT index test (one in the neutral position and two with stress) will examine the accuracy using MRI as the reference standard. The external rotation and dorsiflexion of the ankle will guide the stress manoeuvres. A comparison of measurements between the injured syndesmosis and the uninjured contralateral side of the same individual will investigate the syndesmotic instability, by evaluating the rotational and translational relationships between the fibula and tibia. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and likelihood analyses will compare the diagnostic accuracies of the strategies.Ethics and disseminationThe Internal Review Board and the Einstein Ethics Committee approved this study (registered number 62100016.5.0000.0071). All participants will receive an oral description of the study’s aim, and the choice to participate will be free and voluntary. Participants will be enrolled after they sign the written informed consent form, including the terms of confidentiality. The results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals and social media.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04095598; preresults).