bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes, Even Newly Defined by HbA1c Testing, Is Associated With an Increased Risk of in-hospital Death in Adults With COVID-19
Authors: Liu Ye , Lu Ran , Wang Junhong , Cheng Qin , Zhang Ruitao , Zhang Shuisheng , Le Yunyi , Wang Haining , Xiao Wenhua , Gao Hongwei , Zeng Lin , Hong Tianpei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Diabetes is associated with poor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, little is known on the impact of undiagnosed diabetes in the COVID-19 population. We investigated whether diabetes, particularly undiagnosed diabetes, was associated with an increased risk of death from COVID-19.Methods: This retrospective study identified adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to Tongji Hospital (Wuhan) from January 28 to April 4, 2020. Diabetes was determined using patients’ past history (diagnosed) or was newly defined if the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level at admission was 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/mol) (undiagnosed). The in-hospital mortality rate and survival probability were compared between the non-diabetes and diabetes (overall, diagnosed, and undiagnosed diabetes) groups. Risk factors of mortality were explored using Cox regression analysis. Results: Of 373 patients, 233 were included in the final analysis, among whom 80 (34.3%) had diabetes: 44 (55.0%) reported a diabetes history, and 36 (45.0%) were newly defined as having undiagnosed diabetes by HbA1c testing at admission. Compared with the non-diabetes group, the overall diabetes group had a significantly increased mortality rate (22.5% vs 5.9%, p <0.001). Moreover, the overall, diagnosed, and undiagnosed diabetes groups displayed lower survival probability in the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (all p <0.01). Using multivariate Cox regression, diabetes, age, quick sequential organ failure assessment score, and D-dimer ≥ 1.0 mg/mL were identified as independent risk factors for in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19.Conclusions: The prevalence of undiagnosed pre-existing diabetes among patients with COVID-19 is high in China. Diabetes, even newly defined by HbA1c testing at admission, is associated with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19. Screening for undiagnosed diabetes by HbA1c measurement should be considered in adult Chinese inpatients with COVID-19.
Movement of Dichlorvos in Farm Soils: Batch and Column Studies.
Authors: Bustos Nahuel , Grassi Diego , Cirelli Alicia Fernández , Iriel Analia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Soils are the principal environmental fate of pesticides in agricultural areas. Thus, the kinetics, extension, and strength of the adsorption process become critical. Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphorous pesticide that is used both in agriculture and livestock production. Sorption/desorption assays of DDVP in two agricultural soils (with different textural characteristics) from Pampa Plain (Argentina) were performed in both batch and column systems. From batch studies, kinetics and sorption/desorption equilibrium parameters were estimated. Our results showed that the maxima adsorption is reached after 30 h of time of contact and followed a pseudo-first-order rate. Adsorption/desorption data were well fitted to the Freundlich model obtaining high adsorption constants of 90 mg(1-1/n) mL(1/n) g-1 and 21 mg(1-1/n) mL(1/n) g-1 for the clay loam and sandy loam soil, respectively. The isotherms were non-linear in both cases and the desorption process was unfavourable. Also, positive hysteresis was present for the sandy loam soil. From column studies, breakthrough curves were used to evaluate the mobility of DDVP in the soils at 1, 10, and 50 mg L-1 of DDVP. Eluted profiles were asymmetrical as well they presented retardation effects that were in connection with the results in batch conditions. Non-equilibrium sorption was stated for the DDVP movement through columns. Thus, high mobility was observed for DDVP in both soils despite their textural differences.
Macular Thickness and Volume Assessed by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Abrishami Mojtaba , Tohidinezhad Fariba , Emamverdian Zahra , Daneshvar Ramin , Saeedian Neda , Ansari-Astaneh Mohammad-Reza , Savastano Maria Cristina , Eslami Saeid 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To quantify the retinal thickness and volume using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) analysis in the macular region of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: In a comparative cross-sectional, observational study, patients recovered from COVID-19 were included. All included subjects had a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) - confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Macular SD-OCT was performed at least two weeks after recovery from systemic COVID-19. Inner, outer and full retinal thicknesses and volumes were measured in COVID-19 recovered patients versus age-matched normal controls.Results: Twenty-five patients (11 male) with a mean age of 36.4 ± 11 years and 60 healthy controls (31 males) with a mean age of 39.3 ± 7.7 years were enrolled in the study. There was no statistically significant difference in the retinal thickness or volume measures between the two groups. However, the thickness in the case group was minimally more than the controls. Conclusion: Retinal thickness in COVID-19 patients may be higher than healthy subjects. Comprehensive ocular examination with special focus on posterior segment manifestations should be considered in these patients.
How do Norwegian Adolescents Experience The Role of Social Media in Relation to Mental Health and Well-Being: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hjetland Gunnhild Johnsen , Schønning Viktor , Hella Randi Træland , Veseth Marius , Skogen Jens Christoffer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: During the last decade, social media has permeated most parts of society. Adolescents are particularly active users of social media, and their use has been suggested as a contributing factor to mental health issues in this group. Quantitative studies have found associations between the frequency and/or duration of social media use and more mental health issues. However, most studies are cross-sectional and the identified associations are weak and of questionable practical significance. The aim of this study was to investigate adolescents’ lived experiences of using social media, focusing on both negative and positive aspects, using a qualitative approach. Qualitative research enables in-depth explorations of the experiences of individuals, nuance quantitative findings, and offer the perspective of adolescents into policies regarding social media use.Methods: Experiences and perspectives of 27 adolescents from two upper secondary schools in Norway were gathered using focus group interviews (mean age 16.8, range 15-18). The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: According to the participants, social media use catalyse changes to how people communicate and relate to each other (theme 1). Some changes were positive, in terms of facilitating social connectedness, while others were negative, such as people behaving worse than in face-to-face interactions. Further, social media use affected the participants at the individual level (theme 2); positively in terms of a sense of belonging and social support, and negatively in terms of perceived stress, body pressure, and displacing other activities such as sleep and homework. The motivations for using, or not using, social media were multifaceted (theme 3), reflecting the positive and negative aspects of social media in terms of interpersonal and personal consequences.Conclusion: Social media was described as an important part of the participants’ everyday life, with both a positive and negative impact on their mental health and well-being. Considering the compelling nature of social media and adolescents’ relatively limited self-regulatory capacities, efforts to modify social media use should avoid relying on self-regulation, while also recognizing the importance of social media as an arena for peer interaction.
Potential Clinical Utility of MUC5B und TOLLIP Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Management of Patients with IPF
Authors: Bonella Francesco , Campo Ilaria , Zorzetto Michele , Börner Eda , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Theegarten Dirk , Taube Christian , Costabel Ulrich 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Genetic variants of TOLLIP and MUC5B, both on chromosome 11, have been reported to be associated with the development and/or prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This retrospective study was conducted to investigate the association of MUC5B and TOLLIP SNPs with disease outcome in IPF. 62 IPF patients and 50 healthy controls (HC) from our Institution were genotyped for SNPs within MUC5B (rs35705950) and TOLLIP (rs3750920 and rs5743890). Correlation of SNPs genotypes with survival, acute exacerbation (AE) or disease progression (defined as a decline of ≥ 5% in FVC and or >10% in DLco in one year) was investigated.Results: The MUC5B rs35705950 minor allele (T) was more frequent in IPF subjects than in HC (35% vs 9% p<0.001). TOLLIP SNPs alleles and genotype distribution did not differ between IPF and HC and did not vary according to gender, age, BMI and lung functional impairment at baseline. The minor allele (C) in TOLLIP rs5743890 was associated with worse survival and with disease progression in all performed analyses. The MUC5B rs35705950 or the TOLLIP rs3750920 minor allele, were not associated with disease progression or acute exacerbation. Conclusion: We confirm that the minor allele of MUC5B rs35705950 is associated with IPF. The minor allele of TOLLIP rs5743890 appears to be a predictor of worse survival and more rapid disease progression, therefore being of potential utility to stratify IPF patients at baseline.
Effect of Different Diets on the Hepatopancreatic Proteomes of Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir Sinensis)
Authors: Chen Xiaowen , Hou Xin , Li Zhihua , Lu Deyin , Wang Jun , Wang Chenghui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aquatic plants and freshwater snails are important natural food sources of Eriocheir sinensis. The effects of these two kinds of natural food sources on the growth and development of Eriocheir sinensis were studied by determining the hepatopancreatic proteomes of three crab groups, namely, crabs fed with aquatic plants combined with freshwater snails (group A), crabs fed with aquatic plants only (group B), and crabs fed with freshwater snails only (group C), with tandem mass tag technology. Results showed 110 differentially expressed proteins between groups A and B, among which 78 were up-regulated and 32 were down-regulated in group A. Meanwhile, 9 proteins were up-regulated and 14 proteins were down-regulated in group A relative to those in group C. The proteins related to molting and growth that were differentially expressed between groups A and B were up-regulated in group A. These proteins included cryptocyanin and cuticle protein CBM. The immunity-related proteins, such as mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase and glutathione peroxidase, that were differentially expressed between groups A and C and were up-regulated in group A. These results indicated that freshwater snails might promote the growth and development of E. sinensis to a certain extent, and aquatic plants might play an important role in the immunity of E. sinensis. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the practice of “planting grass and throwing snails” in the green ecological culture of E. sinensis.
Chromosome Level Genome Assembly Reveals Cassia Tora May Be an Ancient Species in Leguminosae
Authors: Lin Caicai , Xing Piyi , Zhou Changhao , Li Xingfeng , Song Zhenqiao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cassia tora L. is an annual leguminous plant. Its seeds had wide utility in herbal medicine in Asian, but is usually regard as a potent, invasive weed which even helps farmers eliminate other parasitic weed species. However, compared with other important legume crops, C. tora is far from fully developed and the genetic basis is greatly lacking. A reference genome sequence will be great valuable resource for its genome evolution, genetic breeding and development.Results: Here, we de novo assembled a chromosome-scale genome for C. tora by combining PacBio sequencing technology with chromatin interaction mapping, resulting in 621-Mb genome with a contig N50 of 2.5 Mb, of which 77.44% was ordered and oriented on 13 pseudochromosomes. The genome contained 32,361 protein-coding genes with a repetitive DNA content of approximately 58.15%. Gypsy-type LTRs constituted the largest subfamily. LTR insertion events seldom occurred in this genome over the past 10 million years. Comparative genomic analyses showed that C. tora diverged ~95 million years ago (MYA), which revealed it has the most distant genetic relationship with 11 other legumes. Compared with other legume crops, Cassia tora is maybe an ancient species in Leguminosae.Conclusions: The high-quality reference genome sequence reported here furnishes unprecedented insights into genome dynamics and provides an important basis for future research on legume genome evolution.
Prediction of Live Birth Rate After ICSI/IVF Cycles in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using a Clinical Prediction Model and Nomogram
Authors: Jin Haixia , Liu YuanYuan , Song WenYan , Zhang FuLi , Qi Lin , Wang XiaoPeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Achievement of a live birth is the marker of success in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatments. For patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who are undergoing these treatments, some predictive models and nomograms have been published. However, further development of these models is required for their useful application in clinical settings.Method: To establish and validate a clinical prediction model and nomogram to predict a live birth rate in women with PCOS undergoing IVF/ICSI. Records on 1193 patients underwent their first IVF/ICSI cycles for PCOS infertility from January 2014 to December 2019.The nomogram was built by a training cohort of 835 patients and tested on a validation cohort of 358 patients. Results: Female age, duration of infertility, total gonadotropin dose, the day of embryo transfer, no. of transferred embryos and the serum testosterone (T) level in PCOS groups were significantly associated with live birth rate. The predictive model was built by female age, duration of infertility, total gonadotropin dose, the day of embryo transfer, no. of transferred embryos, no. of retrieved oocytes, the serum T level, the serum progesterone (P) level, type of fecundation and endometrial thickness on embryo transfer day. The area under the curve (AUC) of the PCOS-specific predictive model in the training cohort was 0.72(95% CI, 0.68-0.76) and the AUC for the validation cohort was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.56-0.69).Conclusions: Our clinical prediction model and nomogram graphically demonstrated the risk factors that were associated with IVF/ICSI live birth rates in patients with PCOS. These findings offer improved clinical guidance for clinicians and patients.
Serum Interleukin-18 Levels are Not Increased in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Li Xuejiao , Zhang Shuo , Liu Chang , Wang Zhuoshi , Zhang Peng , Zhao Hongli , He Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the effects of interleukin 18 (IL-18) on diabetic retinopathy (DR) of type 2 diabetic patients, the contents of IL-18 were measured in serum of 206 case subjects with type 2 diabetes and 40 case subjects without diabetes as control. Methods: According to the degree of DR, the diabetic patients were further divided into three groups: non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR, n=69), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, n = 52) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, n=85). Results: Unlike previous reports, we didn’t found a significant increase in serum IL-18 level in diabetic patients (mean ± SD are 107.4±36.6 and 112.5±32.0 pg/ml for control and type 2 diabetes patients respectively, p > 0.05). Further analysis also failed to found any significant increase of serum IL-18 in patients with NDR, NPDR or PDR (113.0±32.1, 110.8±31.4 and 114.5±33.4 pg/ml respectively) when compared with control (for all values, p > 0.05). Real-time qPCR suggests that the expression of IL-18 mRNA in type 2 diabetic patients with DR was comparable to that of controls (p>0.05). Interestingly, there was a significant positive correlation between levels of serum IL -18 and the amount of fasting blood glucose (FBG, r=0.15，p=0.03) and that Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was relatively higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects (p<0.05). These results suggest that the levels of serum IL -18 in diabetic patients are within the normal range. Even in patients with diabetic retinopathy, the levels of serum IL -18 were only slightly increased in type 2 diabetic patients and was not statistically different from control subjects.Conclusion: these data suggest that the serum IL -18 levels are not associated with the severity of type 2 diabetic patients.
The Clinical Value of Satellite Blood Culture in the Early Diagnosis of Sepsis
Authors: Guo Ziqi , Guo Bo , Wang Shanmei , Zhang Huifeng , Zhang Wenxiao , Qin Bingyu , Shao Huanzhang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Early antibiotic treatment is a key component of therapy for sepsis. However, current blood culture can’t fulfill it. The aim of this study was to assess whether satellite blood cultures (immediate incubation of blood cultures in the ICU) can improve turnaround times, antibiotic switching and patient prognosis. Methods: This a observational single-center study, satellite blood culture and medical microbiology laboratory blood culture were performed separately in two groups. septic patients are collected from department of critical care medicine, Henan Provincial People`s Hospital from February 5,2018, to January 19, 2019.All septic patients are older than 18 and diagnosed sepsis according sepsis-3 criteria, who have been stayed hospital stay longer than 48 hour admitted to ICU. Results: In total, we analyzed 299 blood culture sets from 73 ICU patients, including:149 from the medical microbiology laboratory blood culture group and 150 from the satellite blood culture group. There is no significant difference between the two group in positive rate. Comparing to laboratory blood culture group, the median time from specimen collection until incubation as reduced by 3.02h in satellite blood culture group (P < 0.001); the median time from specimen collection to notify blood culture positivity to the clinicians was reduced by 9.76h in satellite blood culture group(P <0.001).The median time was 54.05h in medical microbiology laboratory blood culture group and 30.97h in satellite blood culture group until the first change of antibiotic therapy regimen (P = 0.056).There was no difference in duration of ICU stay、duration of hospital stay、medical cost between the two group. Conclusion: We have found that satellite blood culture may reduced turnaround times and it may speed up antibiotic switching and benefit on patients outcomes.
An Equivalent Mechanical Model Investigating Endplates Deflection For a Large PEM Fuel Cell Stack
Authors: Zhang Zhiming , Zhang Jun , Shang Yapeng , Zhang Tong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The endplates are essential to assembly a large proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack, whose deflection is negative to its uniform contact pressure distribution and large electrical contact resistance. The endplates with assembly clamping belts are proposed as an equivalent mechanical beam model consisting of elastic beam element with clamping forces. The deflection curve equations of endplates with 1 to 5 clamping belts are studied which allows investigating endplates deflection for uniform contact pressure distribution. Based on this equivalent mechanical model for fuel cell stack, the effects of the thicknesses of endplates, numbers and positions of clamping belts are discussed, and show the optimal thickness of endplate with different clamping belts, and moreover the optimal position of intermediate and outer clamping belts on the endplates. Finally, a three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) of a fuel cell stack clamping with steel belts and nonlinear contact elements is compared to what the equivalent mechanical beam model predicts. It is found that the presented model gives good prediction accuracy for the deflection behavior of endplates and the clamping force. Results showed that the equivalent mechanical modeling is effective and helpful for the design of a large fuel cell stack assembly.
Understanding the Ecosystem Services of Urban Forests: Implications for Climate Change Mitigtation in the case of Adama City of Oromiya Region Sate, Ethiopia
Authors: Koricho Hingabu Hordofa , Seboka Ararsa Derese , Fufa Fekadu , Gebreyesus Tikabo , Song Shaoxian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

this study was conducted to explore the ecosystem services of urban forests in Adama city, central Ethiopia. Attempts were made to quantify the carbon storage and sequestration, air pollution removal and hydrological benefits of urban trees. The urban forest stracture and composition of the city was surveyed and analyzed. The i-Tree Eco Model was employed to analyze the ecosystem services based on the current urban forests structure of the city.
Results

the result revealed that the urban trees of the Adama city stored a total of 116,000 tons of carbon. The tree species identified with higher CO2 sequestration per year were Melia azedarach (15%), Eucalyptusglobulus (8%, Carica papaya(7%), and Delonix regia (6%). Approximately 22, 12, 10 and 4% of carbon were stored by Eucalyptus globulus, Melia azedarach, Carica papaya and Delonix regia tree species respectively. Moreover, trees and shrubs spps. in the city removed about 188 thousand tons of air pollutants caused by O3, CO, NO2, PM2.5 and SO2 per year. In Adama, 35% of the urban trees’ VOC emissions were from Eucalyptus cinerea and Eucalyptus globulus. The monetary value of Adama urban forest in terms of carbon storage, carbon sequestration, and pollution removal was estimated to 43,781, 3,121 yr− 1 and 320,915,596 USD yr− 1, respectively.
Conclusions

it was concluded that significant quantiy of CO2 and air pollutnants were found being removed by the exotic tree and shrub species. However, every plant species found in the city does not mean ecologically important due their VOC emitting nature. Thus, proper planning and inventories of urban forests should be put in place by the key stakeholders such as government, urban foresters and city dwellers as urban trees mitigates climate changes and essential to alleviate urban pollution besides the trees add esthetic value to the city.