bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in impoverished area: Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture as an example
Authors: Liao Ru-Jun , Ji-Ke Chun-Nong , Zhang Tao , Liao Qiang , Li Ling , Zhu Tian-Yu , Bian Shao-Yong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had spread worldwide. Although the world has intensively focused on the epidemic center during this period of time, it is imperative to emphasize that more attention should also be paid to some impoverished areas in China since they are more vulnerable to disease outbreak due to their weak health service capacities. Therefore, this study took Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the COVID-19 epidemic in the impoverished area, evaluate the control effect and explore future control strategies.

Methods
In this study, we collected information including age, gender, nationality, occupation, and address of all COVID-19 cases reported from 25 January 2020 to 23 April 2020 in Liangshan Prefecture from the Nationwide Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System (NIDRIS), which were used under license and not publicly available. Additionally, we retrieved other information of cases through epidemiological investigation reports reviewing. Data were analyzed using the software Excel 2010 and SPSS 17.0. The geographic distribution of cases was mapped using ArcGIS10.2.

Results
By 23 April 2020, a total of 13 COVID-19 cases and two asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers were reported in Liangshan, in three family clusters. Among the cases, eight cases had a history of sojourning in Hubei Province (61.54%), of which six were related to Wuhan. Cases aged under 44 years accounted for 61.54%, with no child case. The delay of patients’ hospital visiting, and the low degree of cooperation in epidemiological investigation are problems.

Conclusions
During the study period, Liangshan was well under control. This was mainly contributed to strict preventive strategies aimed at local culture, inter-sectoral coordination and highly degree of public cooperation. Besides, some possible environmentally and culturally preventive factors (e.g., rapid air flow and family concept) would affect disease prevention and control. In the next step, the health education about COVID-19 should be strengthened and carried out according to the special culture of ethnic minorities to enhance public awareness of timely medical treatment.
Type a botulinum toxin in the management of spontaneous salivary otorrhea: A case report
Authors: Chan Teffran J. , Lewis Trevor A. , Sommer Doron D. 
Published: August 2020

Background Spontaneous salivary otorrhea is a rare presentation only previously documented twice in literature where parotid salivary secretions are found in the external auditory canal. Conventional treatment of spontaneous parotid salivary fistulas includes surgical management with interposed grafts, fistula tract ablation, and possible superficial parotidectomy. Associated risks include facial nerve injury, Frey syndrome and facial scarring. Here we report the first case of spontaneous salivary otorrhea conservatively managed with a type A botulinum toxin (BTA) injection. Case presentation A 17-year-old female presented with a 5-month history of left sided otorrhea and transient left facial swelling associated with gustatory stimulation. The otorrhea fluid tested positive for salivary amylase and negative for beta 2 transferrin. Fifty units of BTA were injected into the left parotid gland under ultrasound guidance. Cessation of symptoms was achieved 3 weeks after intervention. The patient remains symptom-free at the 2 year follow up. Conclusion BTA injection was well tolerated under ultrasound guidance and has led to long-term resolution of the patient's symptoms. BTA injection appears to be a safe and effective way to conservatively manage this rare presentation of spontaneous salivary otorrhea.
Big Data architecture for intelligent maintenance: a focus on query processing and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Lehmann Claude , Goren Huber Lilach , Horisberger Thomas , Scheiba Georg , Sima Ana Claudia , Stockinger Kurt 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExploiting available condition monitoring data of industrial machines for intelligent maintenance purposes has been attracting attention in various application fields. Machine learning algorithms for fault detection, diagnosis and prognosis are popular and easily accessible. However, our experience in working at the intersection of academia and industry showed that the major challenges of building an end-to-end system in a real-world industrial setting go beyond the design of machine learning algorithms. One of the major challenges is the design of an end-to-end data management solution that is able to efficiently store and process large amounts of heterogeneous data streams resulting from a variety of physical machines. In this paper we present the design of an end-to-end Big Data architecture that enables intelligent maintenance in a real-world industrial setting. In particular, we will discuss various physical design choices for optimizing high-dimensional queries, such as partitioning and Z-ordering, that serve as the basis for health analytics. Finally, we describe a concrete fault detection use case with two different health monitoring algorithms based on machine learning and classical statistics and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. The paper covers some of the most important aspects of the practical implementation of such an end-to-end solution and demonstrates the challenges and their mitigation for the specific application of laser cutting machines.
A case of repeat resection for recurrent pulmonary metastasis from sebaceous gland carcinoma
Authors: Kawagishi Sachi , Kanzaki Ryu , Taniguchi Seiji , Kimura Kenji , Kimura Toru , Takabatake Hiroyuki , Morii Eiichi , Inoue Masayoshi , Shintani Yasushi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) of the eyelid is an aggressive malignant eyelid tumor, and it can metastasize to the regional lymph nodes and distant organs. There have been only a few reported cases of patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy for metastatic SGC. We herein report a patient who underwent repeat pulmonary metastasectomies for recurrent pulmonary metastases from SGC.

Case presentation
Bilateral small pulmonary nodules were detected in a 59-year-old woman with a history of eyelid SGC. She underwent wide wedge resection of the left lower lobe, and the disease was diagnosed as pulmonary metastases from SGC. Six months after the first pulmonary resection, CT showed that the nodules of right S2 and S10 had increased in size, and three small nodules had newly appeared in the right lung. The patient therefore underwent six wide wedge resections of the right lung through thoracotomy. After that, she underwent pulmonary metastasectomy 2 times. Ninety months after the first pulmonary resection, the patient is doing well without disease.

Conclusions
Given that a long-term survival was ultimately achieved in the present case, repeat pulmonary metastasectomy may be beneficial for recurrent pulmonary metastasis from SGC.
Cricopharyngeal myotomy for cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction after esophagectomy
Authors: Kobayashi Shinichiro , Taniguchi Ken , Tanaka Fujinobu , Maeda Shigeto , Hirayama Takanori , Tokunaga Takayuki , Takeshita Hiroaki , Miura Shiro , Kuroki Tamotsu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPharyngoesophageal dysphagia sometimes develops after esophagectomy. However, severe dysphagia after esophagectomy due to cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction is a rare complication. There are no recommended clinical treatments for cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction after esophagectomy. We report a case of myotomy for cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction after esophagectomy.Case presentationA 75-year-old man with mild dysphagia diagnosed with advanced esophageal cancer by esophagogastroduodenoscopy at a clinic was admitted to our hospital. He had occasional mild dysphagia when he swallowed solid foods. After chemotherapy, the patient underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy with regional lymph node dissection and was reconstructed with a gastric conduit and cervical anastomosis by the retrosternal route. Aspiration pneumonia developed after esophagectomy without paralysis of the vocal cords. In esophagoscopy, there was no stricture around the anastomosis. However, severe pharyngoesophageal dysphagia with cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction was revealed by videofluoroscopic examination. Bilateral cricopharyngeal myotomy was performed because balloon dilations had failed. The histological findings revealed atrophy and fibrosis of the cricopharyngeus muscle fibers. Pharyngoesophageal dysphagia improved immediately after myotomy. The patient swallowed solid food easily without dysphagia 12 months after myotomy.ConclusionDysphagia after esophagectomy was worsened by cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction. Cricopharyngeus myotomy may lead to long improvement of pharyngo-oesophageal dysphagia after esophagetomy.
Ascorbic acid interaction with phytol: a modulatory effects on the anti-pyretic activity of paracetamol in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Rahaman Md. Mizanur , Hassan S. M. Hafiz , Martorell Miquel , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Islam Muhammad Torequl 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntioxidants have protective capacity, and can be used combinedly with other substances. Both, ascorbic acid (AA) and phytol (PHY) have many important biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and organ protective activity. Recently, PHY has been found to exert an anti-pyretic effect in a mouse model. This study aims to evaluate the combined effects of AA and/or PHY with paracetamol (PARA) in Brewer’s yeast-induced fever mice model.MethodsAA (125 mg/kg) and/or PHY (200 mg/kg) were orally co-treated with the PARA (100 mg/kg, p.o.) in Brewer’s yeast-induced feverSwissmice. Data were analyzed by using GraphPadPrism software (version: 6.0), consideringp < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval, and using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) through time, followed by Dunnett’s post hoc multiple comparison test.ResultsPARA alone and with PHY and/or AA significantly (p < 0.05) reduced rectal temperature at 1st h of observation. PHY reduced rectal temperature at 2nd h, then maintained basal temperature over the observation period (4 h). AA showed an insignificant anti-pyretic effect in experimental animals. However, in combination groups, AA (i.e., with PHY or PARA) did not found to interfere the PHY and PARA mediated reduction of rectal temperature in the animals. Furthermore, AA when co-treated with the PARA + PHY, it caused a slight hypothermic temperature at 1st h, which was then started to restablish from 2nd to 3rd h, and normalized at 4th h.ConclusionTaken together, AA did not interfere anti-pyretic effects of PARA and PHY, suggesting its possible use as a combination substance.
Synthesis and characterization of a silver nanoparticle-containing polymer composite with antimicrobial abilities for application in prosthetic and orthotic devices
Authors: Quintero-Quiroz Catalina , Botero Luz E. , Zárate-Triviño Diana , Acevedo-Yepes Natalia , Escobar Jorge Saldarriaga , Pérez Vera Z. , Cruz Riano Luis Javier 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The presence of skin problems in patients using external lower limb prosthesis is recurrent. This has generated the need to develop interfaces for prosthesis with the ability to control microbial growth. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been implemented in the development of biomaterials because of their high antimicrobial activity. This article discusses the development of an AgNP-containing polymer composite with antimicrobial activity for developing prosthetic liners.

Methods

AgNPs were synthesized using a photochemical method and certain physicochemical properties were characterized. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs against
Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 25923 and methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA), was assessed on the basis of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). AgNPs were incorporated into a silicon elastomer to assess certain physicomechanical properties, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effect of the material.

Results

The maximum antimicrobial activity of the material against
Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 25923 and MRSA was 41.58% ±2.97% at AgNP concentration of 32.98
μ
g/mL and 14.85% ±5.94% at AgNP concentration of 16.49
μ
g/mL, respectively. Additionally, the material exhibited tensile yield strength, rupture tensile strength, and tensile modulus of elasticity of 0.70 - 1.10 MPa, 0.71–1.06 MPa, and 0.20 - 0.30 MPa, respectively. The mechanical characteristics of the material were within the acceptable range for use in external lower limb prosthetic and orthotic interfaces.

Conclusions

It was possible to incorporate the AgNPs in a silicone elastomer, finding that the composite developed presented antimicrobial activity against
Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 25923 and MRSA when compared to non-AgNP material samples.
Changes in the hyoid bone, tongue, and oropharyngeal airway space after mandibular setback surgery evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Kim Seon-Hye , Choi Sung-Kwon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Mandibular setback surgery can change the position of the mandible which improves occlusion and facial profile. Surgical movement of the mandible affects the base of the tongue, hyoid bone, and associated tissues, resulting in changes in the pharyngeal airway space. The aim of this study was to analyze the 3-dimensional (3D) changes in the hyoid bone and tongue positions and oropharyngeal airway space after mandibular setback surgery.

Methods
A total of 30 pairs of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images taken before and 1 month after surgery were analyzed by measuring changes in the hyoid bone and tongue positions and oropharyngeal airway space. The CBCT images were reoriented using InVivo 5.3 software (Anatomage, San Jose, USA) and landmarks were assigned to establish coordinates in a three-dimensional plane. The mean age of the patients was 21.7 years and the mean amount of mandibular setback was 5.94 mm measured from the B-point.

Results
The hyoid bone showed significant posterior and inferior displacement (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Significant superior and posterior movements of the tongue were observed (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). Regarding the velopharyngeal and glossopharyngeal spaces, there were significant reductions in the volume and minimal cross-sectional area (P < 0.001). The anteroposterior and transverse widths of the minimal cross-sectional area were decreased (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, the amount of mandibular setback positively correlated with the amount of posterior and inferior movement of the hyoid bone (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively).

Conclusion
There were significant changes in the hyoid bone, tongue, and airway space after mandibular setback surgery.
Climate change adaptation, coffee, and corporate social responsibility: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Bianco Gino B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimate change is making a profound impact on agricultural production across the globe. Coffee (especially the Arabica variety) is one of the most severely affected crops. Adaptive measures are therefore needed to ensure the industry’s survival. Although large coffee companies have a long history of environmental action, less is known about their strategies and attitudes related to climate adaptation. This paper attempts understand how global coffee companies are addressing climate change adaptation as part of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies and what barriers may exist to prevent future scale-up. To answer this question, I analyzed overall global adaptation needs and the specific needs of the coffee industry, which revealed serious financial, capacity-related, and principle-based challenges. To better understand how the industry may view climate adaptation, I reviewed CSR theoretical literature and the history of CSR within the coffee industry. Through this analysis, I determined the promotion of climate adaptation in the coffee industry can best be explained by the “Creating shared value” (CSV) framework. Using the CSV framework and an understanding of global adaptation challenges, I reviewed the CSR strategies of five major coffee companies as well as supporting literature and industry information. I find that all five companies have expansive CSR programs, yet none seriously undertake climate adaptation efforts and/or make them public. I suggest several reasons for this absence, including competing CSR priorities, lack of awareness, competition, lack of leadership, the controversial nature of climate change, and the overemphasis of certification. I end the paper with a call for more collaboration and research around the adaptation issue for the coffee industry.
Interactions between baculoviruses and entomophagous insects
Authors: Abbas Mohamed Samir Tawfik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSome laboratory studies revealed that predators can readily attack and consume virus-infected prey with no detrimental effects on their biological parameters. Most tested predacious species did not discriminate between healthy and virus-infected prey. In addition, such predators were found to excrete detectable amounts of polyhedral inclusion bodies for few days that might infect healthy prey. Field studies demonstrated that the population densities and dispersal of the predators were not affected in fields sprayed with entomopathogenic virus formulations. Some laboratory studies stated that egg and larval parasitoids did not discriminate between healthy and virus surface-contaminated or virus-infected hosts. However, some parasitoids did not lay or laid few eggs in virus-infected hosts. Parasitoid adults that laid eggs in virus-infected host larvae could transmit the virus to healthy hosts through the ovipositor. Also, adult parasitoids emerged from virus-infected hosts transmitted the virus to healthy hosts whereas other parasitoids did not transmit the virus.
A review on herbal drug loaded into pharmaceutical carrier techniques and its evaluation process
Authors: Sandhiya V , Ubaidulla U 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe herbal drug is molded in nanocarriers to boost growing interest in a pharmaceutical era for various fields in sort to amplify therapeutic worth. Nowadays, a promising interest has been developed in nanotechnology using herbal medicines as core material to provoke its activity on the target site.Main bodyBy administering herbal medicine in the nano-size form, there are chances for improving the bioavailability, binding receptor selectivity due to higher active surface energy thereby enhancing the effectiveness and safety of the active entity. In the last few decades, formulations with nano-sized herbal active ingredients have emerged as nano-phytomedicines owing to its wide range of interest and effectiveness because of its unique nature. Nanonized drug delivery structure of herbal drug has an approaching outlook for getting bigger the doings and overcome problems associated with plant medicine. The current review will focus on nanoparticles, herbal drug-loading techniques, herbal nanoformulations, and applications in various fields.ConclusionWe conclude that by formulating herbal drug in nanocarriers would be a promising guide for the progress of core remedy and will act as a promising proposal for many pathological conditions.
The possible antioxidant capabilities of formononetin in guarding against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats
Authors: Jain Pankaj G. , Nayse Priti G. , Patil Dipali J. , Shinde Sachin D. , Surana Sanjay J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Oxidative stress has been considered as a contributory aspect for major complications of diabetes mellitus consisting of diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effect of formononetin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy through measuring biochemical parameters, oxidative indicators, and histopathological examination of renal tissues.

Results
Administration of a dose of STZ (55 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitoneal induced diabetic nephropathy in rats as indicated by an increase in serum glucose, creatinine, triglyceride, cholesterol, and BUN levels related to the depletion of serum albumin level. Besides, STZ treatment led to the depletion of antioxidant enzymes together with superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT). Administration of formononetin at the dose of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg extensively decreased biochemical parameters with a rise in serum albumin level. Formononetin was observed to improved antioxidant enzyme ranges and offered protection against lipid peroxidation (LPO). STZ administered rats show an elevated level of TNF-α and IL-6. Meanwhile, formononetin-treated rats inhibited the elevated level of cytokine.

Conclusion
This study concluded that formononetin may additionally modulate oxidative stress and protected renal tissues from STZ injury. It also showed improvement in renal histopathological architecture in STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy.
Azimuthal Fourier coefficient inversion for horizontal and vertical fracture characterization in weakly orthorhombic media
Authors: Zhang Guangzhi , Li Lin , Pan Xinpeng , Li Hengxin , Liu Junzhou , Han Lei 
Published: August 2020

Horizontally and vertically aligned fractures (joints) permeated in an isotropic background can give rise to a long-wavelength equivalent orthorhombic medium, which is common for naturally fractured reservoirs. We have developed a feasible approach to characterize the horizontal and vertical fractures using observed azimuthal seismic reflection data. For weak anisotropy, we assume that the horizontal and vertical fractures are decoupled. Using a linear-slip orthorhombic model, we first obtain analytic expressions for the effective elastic stiffness matrix and the corresponding perturbed matrix of an effective orthorhombic anisotropic elastic medium. Combining the scattering function and the perturbed matrix of the orthorhombic medium, we then derive a linearized PP-wave reflection coefficient of effective orthorhombic medium in terms of compressional-wave (P-wave) and shear-wave (S-wave) moduli, density, and horizontal- and vertical-fracture-induced normal and tangential weaknesses. To handle the inverse problem for multiple model parameters in an orthorhombic medium, we reexpress the linearized PP-wave reflection coefficient as a Fourier series. According to the sensitivity analysis of Fourier coefficients (FCs) to isotropic background elastic parameters and four fracture weaknesses, we finally establish a three-step inversion approach to describe the orthorhombic model, which involves (1) estimation of the FCs at different incidence angles from observed azimuthal seismic data and determination of the symmetry axis azimuth, (2) an iterative Bayesian inversion for isotropic background elastic parameters and fracture weaknesses of horizontal fractures from the zeroth-order FC, and (3) an iterative Bayesian inversion for fracture weaknesses of vertical fractures from the second-order FC. The proposed approach is validated by tests on synthetic and field data sets, which demonstrates that the inversion results of P- and S-wave moduli, density, and four fracture weaknesses are robust and reasonable for gas-bearing fractured reservoir characterization with orthorhombic symmetry.