bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SAR image classification method based on improved capsule network
Authors: Yang Zezhou , Jing Shaodi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the convolutional neural network is difficult to recognize the posture transformation of the image, which requires a large number of label samples for training. This paper proposes an improved synthetic aperture radar image classification method based on the combination of dilated convolution and capsule network. We use dilated convolution to expand the receptive field while reducing the amount of calculation, and use the capsule network to improve the classification effect when there are fewer training samples. The experimental results show that the proposed method can still achieve high classification performance after the training sample is small and the test sample undergoes pose transformation, and at the same time, it has a low computational load.
Automatic segmentation in fetal ultrasound images based on improved U-net
Authors: Yang Yujie , Yang Pinli , Zhang Bo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As an effective way of routine prenatal diagnosis, ultrasound (US) imaging has been widely used in clinical practice. Biosignatures obtained from fetal segmentation contribute to fetal development and health monitoring. However, the artifacts, speckle noises, quality of imaging equipment and other factors make the segmentation of fetal US images extremely challenging. In this paper, aiming to improve the depth of the model, as well as to avoid the vanishing gradient problem and exploding gradient problem, we propose Residual U-net and ASPP U-net based on U-net, which further improves the accuracy of segmentation without increasing the depth of the model. The results of our experiments show that the network proposed in the paper can effectively improve the segmentation accuracy in fetal US images.
Research on automatic defect identification technology of electronic components
Authors: Lijing Yin , Kui Zhang , Yaru Cui , Shengbiao An , Jie Huang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and low accuracy caused by manual defect detection of electronic components, FCN, SegNet/DeconvNet and DeepLab and other deep learning technologies are studied. Using Caffe, Keras, PyTorch and other frameworks, an automatic defect identification system for electronic components is developed to distinguish qualified products from unqualified ones, so as to realize intelligent defect detection of electronic components. At the same time, the detection accuracy rate is greatly improved, and the quality of electronic components is guaranteed.
Design and Realization of Gaze Gesture Control System for Flight Simulation
Authors: Qiao Yuanyuan , Wang Jihui , Chen Jing , Ren Jie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In airplane cockpit, flight crew, display interface, control device and onboard control device constitute a complex human computer interaction system. As a natural interaction way, eye movement can simplify the interaction process of pilots, avoiding mistakes caused by fatigue or distraction. What’s more, since this interactive modality only requires eye movement as input, it can be adapted to some special situations and free the user’s hands. In this paper, we design a gaze gesture interaction system for flight simulation and compare it with the existing prominent interaction methods.
Campus canteen takeaway robot based on Raspberry Pi
Authors: Wu Qiwen , Zhu Tianyin , Zhang Shuai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this era of rapid technological development, the related technologies of intelligent robots have made great progress, and the application scenarios of robots have also expanded from the industrial field to the service field. In order to obtain a more convenient way of dining, more and more people choose to order take-out, especially on campus, takeaway members are everywhere. Aiming at the special group of college students, we proposed a takeaway robot system for campus canteens based on Raspberry Pi. The system is mainly composed of Raspberry Pi, navigation module, obstacle avoidance module, voice module, driving module and applet ordering platform. Users only need to order food on WeChat applet, and the takeaway robot will deliver the food to the target address. The takeaway robot runs safely and stably, and can complete the unmanned delivery of takeaway. The system can help college students save time while eating hygienic canteen takeout, and it can also effectively solve the problem of speeding and hurting people on campus.
The Sobolev approximation for radiation transport with line overlap and continuous opacity
Authors: Nesterenok A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The radiation transport problem in the plane–parallel medium with the large velocity gradient is considered. The Sobolev approximation is used. The effects of continuum absorption and line overlap are taken into account. The photon loss probability functions are calculated and tabulated. Two calculations are performed – for the Gaussian spectral line profile and for the rectangular profile. It is shown that at particular choice of the rectangular profile width the results of the calculations are very close. The evaluated photon loss probability functions may be used in the calculations of energy level populations of OH molecule in the interstellar gas flows.
The influence of positronium photoionization rate on the heating of J0250+5854 polar cap
Authors: Barsukov D P , Vorontsov M V , Morozov I K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The influence of positronium photoionization rate on the heating of PSR J0250+5854 polar cap is considered. It is assumed that the polar cap is heated only by reverse positrons accelerated in pulsar diode. It is supposed that pulsar diode is located near the star surface (polar cap model) and operates in the steady state space charge-limited flow regime. The influence of a small-scale magnetic field on the electric field inside the pulsar diode is taken into account. The reverse positron current is calculated in the framework of two models: rapid and gradually screening. To calculate the production rate of electron-positron pairs we take into account only the curvature radiation of primary electrons and its absorption in magnetic field. It is assumed that some fraction of electron-positron pairs may be created in bound state that can later be photoionized by thermal photons from star surface.
Surface energy of nuclear matter above and below neutron drip with the Skyrme-type effective interactions
Authors: Shchechilin N N , Chugunov A I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Neutron star crust consists of highly neutron excess nuclei, which are inaccessible for laboratory experiments. In the deepest region of the crust (so-called inner crust, located after the neutron drip) atomic nuclei are immersed into the sea of degenerate unbound neutrons. Study of the crust structure and equation of state in such conditions relies on the theoretical nuclear mass models. In particular, it is convenient to use the compressible liquid drop model, which contains the surface tension term. A thermodynamically consistent description must take into account adsorption of neutrons on the nucleus surface (neutron skin) and dependence of surface tension on matter properties in two-phase equilibrium. We calculate the surface tension of nuclear matter by the extended Thomas-Fermi approach. For this aim, we parametrize the number density profile of the two-phase system by Fermi-Dirac type functions, totally containing 5 parameters, and minimize the thermodynamic potential Ω to obtain equilibrium configuration. We use Skyrme-type nuclear interactions SLy4 and BSk24, fulfilling experimental data of atomic nuclei, observational constraints on the maximal neutron star mass and theoretical calculations of high-density nuclear matter. The results are presented as a function of neutron chemical potential, which is useful for compressible liquid drop models in the inner crust of a neutron star.
Tunka-Grande and TAIGA-Muon scintillation arrays: status and prospects
Authors: Monkhoev R , Astapov I , Bezyazeekov P , Borodin A , Brueckner M , Budnev N , Chernykh V , Chiavassa A , Dyachok A , Fedorov O , Gafarov A , Garmash A , Grebenyuk V , Gress O , Gress T , Grinyuk A , Grishin O , Horns D , Igoshin A , Ivanova A , Kalmykov N , Kazarina Y , Kindin V , Kiryuhin S , Kokoulin R , Kompaniets K , Korosteleva E , Kozhin V , Kravchenko E , Kryukov A , Kuzmichev L , Lagutin A , Lemeshev Y , Lubsandorzhiev B , Lubsandorzhiev N , Mirgazov R , Mirzoyan R , Osipova E , Pakhorukov A , Pan A , Panasyuk M , Pankov L , Petrukhin A , Poleschuk V , Popesku M , Popova E , Porelli A , Postnikov E , Prosin V , Ptuskin V , Pushnin A , Raikin R , Rubtsov G , Ryabov E , Sagan Y , Samoliga V , Sabirov B , Silaev A , Sidorenkov A , Skurikhin A , Slunecka V , Sokolov A , Suvorkin Y , Sveshnikova L , Tabolenko V , Tarashchansky B , Tkachev L , Tluczykont M , Tanaev A , Ternovoy M , Ushakov N , Ustinov K , Vaidyanathan A , Volchugov P , Voronin D , Wischnewski R , Zagorodnikov A , Zhurov D , Yashin I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Tunka-Grande and TAIGA-Muon arrays are the part of a single experimental complex, which also includes the Tunka-133 and TAIGA-HiSCORE (High Sensitivity COsmic Rays and gamma Explorer) wide-angle Cherenkov arrays, TAIGA-IACT array (Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope) and Tunka-Rex radio antennas array (Tunka Radio Extension). This complex is located in the Tunka Valley (Buryatia Republic, Russia), 50 km from Lake Baikal. It is aimed at investigating the energy spectrum and mass composition of charged cosmic rays in the energy range 100 TeV - 1000 PeV, searching for diffuse gamma rays above 100 TeV and studying local sources of gamma rays with energies above 30 TeV.
This report outlines 3 key points. The first is a description of the Tunka-Grande and TAIGA-Muon scintillation arrays. The second part presents preliminary results of the search for diffuse gamma rays with energies above 50 PeV according to the Tunka-Grande data. The third part is devoted to the prospects of the search for diffuse gamma rays with energies above 100 TeV using the TAIGA-Muon array.
Constraining of physical conditions in the cold neutral medium using HD/H2 relative abundance
Authors: Kosenko D N , Balashev S A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present constraints on physical conditions in diffuse HD/H2-bearing molecular clouds using measured HD/H2 column density ratio. We used recently published formalism that describes how this ratio changes with ultraviolet field intensity, number density and cosmic ray ionization rate. Out of them the most important parameter is the cosmic ray ionization rate, as it determines the chemistry in neutral medium and is still poorly constrained in ISM. Using the result of absorption line analysis in our Galaxy and in several high-redshift systems we found that value of cosmic ray ionization rate is

1.3

−
0.5

+
1.3

×

10

−
17

s

−
1

in our Galaxy and is few × 10−18 s−1 in DLAs at high redshifts.
Mass spectrometric analysis of the carbon isotope composition in plant leaves via sample gasification using oxidation by yeast
Authors: Kuleshova T E , Pavlova E S , Titov Yu A , Kuzmin A G , Gall N R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper describes a new developed method of sample gasification using yeast oxidation of monosaccharides in plant tissue for 13C/12C isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis. Variations in the carbon isotopic composition of the leaf surface have been shown; the δ13C value for chlorophytum varies from -37 ‰ to -32 ‰ from the tip of the leaf to its base. It has been shown first that the spectral composition of radiation affects the ratio of carbon isotopes in plant leaves: the predominance of blue component in the spectrum results in accumulation of heavy 13C isotope up to δ13C = -25 ‰.
Contribution of radiant component to thermal conductivity of the medium
Authors: Shamparov E Yu , Bugrimov A L , Rode S V , Jagrina I N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Radiation-conductive heat transfer in a semi-transparent medium has been studied. Two methods for measuring thermal conductivity components are described. Thermal resistance of a remote reflecting surface, the thickness of radiation-conductive relaxation, the depth of penetration of thermal radiation, as well as radiant and conductive components of thermal conductivity of foamed polyethylene were measured using an aluminum foil radiation screen. The dependences of the total thermal conductivity of simple and aluminum-metalized polyester bulk non-woven canvases on the thickness to which it is compressed were measured. Radiant and conductive components of the thermal conductivity of non-woven material are calculated. It is shown how metal nanocoating of fibers reduces radiant thermal conductivity of the material.
Field emission cell with a W-cathode formed by local ion-stimulated deposition
Authors: Shandyba N A , Kolomiytsev A S , Panchenko I V , Jityaev I L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article presents the results of a theoretical study of a field emission cell with a vertically oriented emitter. The field emission cell was formed based on a combination of etched methods with a Ga+ focused ion beam and local ion-stimulated tungsten deposition. The influence of the geometric parameters of the field emission cell on the electric field strength at the emitter top is estimated. It was found that a decrease in the rounding-off radius of the emitter top from 150 to 5 nm leads to an increase in the electric field strength by more than an order of magnitude from 1.28 × 106 to 16 × 106 V/cm. A decrease in the diameter of the field emission cell from 2.5 μm to 900 nm contributes to an increase in the electric field strength by 33.6 % from 3.04 × 106 to 4.58 × 106 V/cm.
Investigation of radiation formation (plasmoid) in the air environment by radar method
Authors: Fadeenko V B , Fadeenko I V , Vasiliev D A , Davydov V V , Rud V Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The expediency of using the radar method for detecting radiation contamination at long distances is substantiated in this article. The design of a radar for the detecting of small radioactive formations in the air at the long distances is developed. The dependence of the reflection coefficient of microwave radiation on the wavelength for determining the level of radioactive radiation is established. The investigation results of radioactive contamination in the atmosphere are presented.
Influence of wet etching in KOH on defects in silicon nanowires formed by cryogenic dry etching
Authors: Baranov A I , Kudryashov D A , Morozov I A , Uvarov A V , Shugurov K Yu , Gudovskikh A S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The work is devoted to exploration of arrays of vertical aligned silicon nanowires (SiNWs) obtained by cryogenic dry etching in ICP mode with height of 4.5-5.5 μm and aspect ratio of 7. It was shown that geometry of nanowires has crucial influence on rate of wet etching in KOH since it is higher for 3D objects than for planar wafer, and the diameter should be the same along the nanowire for controlled wet etching. Wet etching in 4% KOH solution during 30 s allowed to save array of uniformity vertical aligned SiNWs with height of 4 μm and diameter of 500 nm. Such treatment reduced concentration of defects detected by deep-level transient spectroscopy, particularly, it drops as minimum in two times for deep level with £0=0.68-0.74 eV placed near to surface of wafer.
Anomalously low ionization energy of phosphorus atoms in the electric field of silicon p-n junctions in the temperature range 10-20 K
Authors: Shepelev A , Eremin V , Verbitskaya E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The work extends the study of the ionization properties of phosphorus atoms as trapping/emission centres in the electric field of silicon p-n junctions operating at low temperatures. The goal is describing the ionization of phosphorus atoms by a single effective parameter, the ionization energy of phosphorus energy levels Eion
. An approach to the study is based on manipulating the space charge concentration Neff
in a nonirradiated silicon p+/n/n+ structure via filling phosphorus donors with electrons supplied by a laser pulse. Extracting the Neff
from the experimental current pulse response shapes recorded at variable temperature and pulse repetition rate allowed building Arrhenius plot for evaluating Eion
in the electric field. This value is shown to be 6.4±1.1 meV that is paradoxically low, being about 7 times less than the referred data.
Development of neural network for automatic calibration of ultrasonic thickness gauge
Authors: Grevtseva A S , Davydov V V , Rud V Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
At article of the main factors rendering of influence on the reliability of material control results by ultrasonic thickness gauge are determined. The necessity of the use of automatic calibration of ultrasonic thickness gauge for reduction of measurement error is justified. The neural network for the realization of automatic device calibration is developed. The received experimental results are presented.
The shape of a vertical liquid bridge between arbitrary convex surfaces in axisymmetric case
Authors: Galaktionov E V , Galaktionova N E , Tropp E A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the lateral surface shape of a vertical liquid bridge of small volume between two arbitrary convex solid surfaces in the axisymmetric case. A variational statement of the original problem is given. The solution is found by the iteration method under the assumption that the Bond number is small. An algorithm for the iterative process is proposed, taking into account the action of gravity. It was found that the maximum number of different profiles of the lateral surface of the liquid bridge corresponding to one selected set of parameters is four. As an example, the problem of the lateral surface shape between a sphere and a plane has been solved.
Calculation of the conductivity of a thin conductive layer taking into account Soffer boundary conditions and isoenergy surface anisotropy of conductor
Authors: Savenko O V , Kuznetsov P A , Kuznetsova I A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The task about the conductivity of a thin conductive layer in a longitudinal alternative electric field is solved. The relationship between layer thickness and charge carrier mean free path is arbitrary. The Soffer model is used as boundary conditions for Boltzmann equation. The isoenergy surface of a semiconductor is an ellipsoid of revolution. Analytical expressions are obtained for conductivity tensor components as functions of layer thickness, isoenergy surface anisotropy parameter, electric field frequency, surface roughness parameters, and chemical potential. The limiting cases of a degenerate and non-degenerate electron gas are considered. The dependences of conductivity tensor components on the above parameters are analyzed. The results obtained for cases of a degenerate and non-degenerate electron gas are compared. A comparative analysis of results is made with calculations in the view of diffuse-mirror boundary conditions and with known experimental data.
Anisotropic plasmons in Au/GaAs(001) structures with gold nanoclusters
Authors: Berkovits V L , Kosobukin V A , Ulin V P , Soldatenkov F Y , Alekseev P A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The structures Au/GaAs(001) with gold nanoclusters are created by annealing of Au films deposited onto GaAs surface. The samples are diagnosed stepwise by scanning probe microscopy. Using reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy, Au clusters are established to possess plasmons with the in-surface anisotropy. The measured anisotropy spectrum consists of a resonant feature near the energy of 2 eV typical of local plasmons of Au clusters. The results are explained theoretically, and the new spectral feature is assigned to anisotropic plasmons of Au nanoclusters located on GaAs surface.
Fabrication of carbon nanowalls by radio frequency magnetron sputtering of graphite target in argon plasma
Authors: Grudinkin S A , Vinogradov A Ya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Vertical carbon nanowalls have been fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering of a graphite target in an argon plasma without hydrogen presence. The effect of deposition parameters such as substrate temperature, argon pressure, deposition time and RF power on the morphology and the structure of carbon nanowalls was investigated by using Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The argon ion bombardment of the substrate is crucial for the nucleation and growth of carbon nanowalls. A specific range of RF power and argon pressure values was established at which nanowalls formation is possible. The height of nanowalls produced at minimal RF power increases non-monotonically with the deposition time. It turned out that the nanowalls growth rate has an extremum, after reaching which the growth rate of the thickness of nanowalls increases.
Sn-assisted growth of Ga(In)AsP nanowires from vapor phase in a quasi-closed volume
Authors: Karlina L B , Vlasov A S , Smirnova I P , Soshnikov I P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We have shown the possibility of Ga(In)AsP on GaAs (100) nanowire growth in a quasi-closed volume from the vapour phase witn the use of Sn catalyst. We have investigated the dynamics of nanowire formation depending on the growth time at constant V/III ratio given by the process temperature. It is shown that growth of free-standing nanowires is realized through the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. Based on the Raman scattering data sequential growth of two phases have been shown. Phosphorous concentration in free-stamding nanowires was estimated to be high.
The formation of SiNWs depending on the topology of the metal-catalyst film in the process of metal-assisted chemical etching of c-Si
Authors: Ermina A A , Zharova Yu A , Bolshakov V O , Tolmachev V A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe method of metal-assisted chemical etching for obtaining silicon nanowires, which consists of two stages, was studied. The conditions and modes for producing layers at both stages of the implemented technology are established, which include (1) chemical deposition of an array of self-organizing Ag nanoparticles on a Si substrate as a catalyst mask and (2) chemical etching of SiNWs to various depths from 110 to 1200 nm. The optical properties and morphology of a metal-catalyst (Ag) film were studied depending on the deposition time and solution concentration. Spectral ellipsometry was used to characterize the samples at all stages of MACE. Using the measured ellipsometric angles, the dielectric functions were determined, as well as the thicknesses and parameters of the fractions of composite layers in a multilayer model by approximating the effective Maxwell Garnett and Bruggeman medium for two-component layers. Samples with Ag nanoparticles with different morphologies were studied using reflection spectrophotometry in the wavelength range from 200 to 600 nm. The results showed that composite Ag-Si structures are promising for obtaining plasmon effects in both the visible and IR spectral regions.