bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing cyber insurance strategies: exploring reinsurance and alternative risk transfer approaches
Authors: Cremer Frank , Sheehan Barry , Mullins Martin , Fortmann Michael , Materne Stefan , Murphy Finbarr 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cyber reinsurance is crucial in fostering sustainable growth and enhancing risk transfer strategies within the cyber insurance sector. Approximately 50%–65% of global cyber insurance premiums were ceded to the reinsurance market in 2022. While current reinsurance capacity is adequate to meet prevailing market demands, significant increases are needed to safeguard international commerce and close the cyber protection gap. This study analyzes the management of cyber risk accumulation by cyber reinsurance. The research creates and analyzes a dataset of semi-structured interviews with twenty cyber reinsurance market participants. The findings indicate that due to the highly volatile nature of cyber risks, cyber reinsurers enforce stringent capacity provision criteria on primary insurers. It is highlighted that reinsurers diversify their aggregate and cyber risk accumulation across various factors. This study offers an in-depth analysis of cyber insurance within the reinsurance framework, detailing collective strategies for implementing ILS and PPPs to mitigate barriers. These measures aim to enhance cyber capacity within the market, ensuring that cyber insurance remains accessible and affordable.
Lower vs. higher blood pressure targets during intensive care of comatose patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest—a Bayesian analysis of the BOX trial
Authors: Grand Johannes , Granholm Anders , Wiberg Sebastian , Schmidt Henrik , Møller Jacob E , Mølstrøm Simon , Meyer Martin A S , Josiassen Jakob , Beske Rasmus P , Dahl Jordi S , Obling Laust E R , Frydland Martin , Borregaard Britt , Lind Jørgensen Vibeke , Hartvig Thomsen Jakob , Aalbæk Madsen Søren , Nyholm Benjamin , Hassager Christian , Kjaergaard Jesper 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
The Blood Pressure and Oxygenation (BOX) targets after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest trial found no statistically significant differences in mortality or neurological outcomes with mean arterial blood pressure targets of 63 vs. 77 mmHg in patients receiving intensive care post-cardiac arrest. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect on 1-year mortality and assess heterogeneity in treatment effects (HTEs) using Bayesian statistics.

Methods and results
We analyzed 1-year all-cause mortality, 1-year neurological outcomes, and plasma neuron-specific enolase (NSE) at 48 h using Bayesian logistic and linear regressions primarily with weakly informative priors. HTE was assessed according to age, plasma lactate, time to return of spontaneous circulation, primary shockable rhythm, history of hypertension, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Absolute and relative differences are presented with probabilities of any clinical benefit and harm. All 789 patients in the intention-to-treat cohort were included. The risk difference (RD) for 1-year mortality was 1.5%-points [95% credible interval (CrI): −5.1 to 8.1], with &lt;33% probability of benefit with the higher target. There was 33% probability for a better neurological outcome (RD: 1.5%-points; 95% CrI: −5.3 to 8.3) and 35.1% for lower NSE levels (mean difference: 1.5 µg/L, 95% CrI: −6.0 to 9.1). HTE analyses suggested potential harms of the higher blood pressure target in younger patients.

Conclusion
The effects of a higher blood pressure target on overall mortality among comatose patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were uncertain. A potential effect modification according to age warrants additional investigation.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03141099
Periannular extension of infective endocarditis with atrioventricular block successfully treated with antibiotic therapy after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a case report
Authors: Hirata Yuki , Toriumi Shinichi , Harada Kenji , Hoshide Satoshi , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Although transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is performed for very elderly patients in whom surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) poses unacceptably high operative risk, some of these patients are ultimately forced to undergo open surgery when TAVI is complicated by infective endocarditis (IE). To our knowledge, there have been no reports of cases with periannular extension of IE and atrioventricular block successfully treated by antibiotics without valve replacement.

Case summary
An 80-year-old Japanese man who had undergone TAVI developed IE with loss of consciousness on Day 39 after the procedure. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was detected in his blood culture. Electrocardiography (ECG) showed complete atrioventricular block. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) detected vegetation on the anterior mitral leaflet, aorta, and common annulus. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation had been performed rather than SAVR to avoid the associated operative risks. Because his haemodynamic condition was stable, we decided upon antibiotic treatment alone. On Day 42 after admission, TEE showed a reduction in the size of the vegetation, and his ECG recovered to sinus rhythm.

Discussion
Medical treatment alone was effective for a periannular extension of IE complicated with complete atrioventricular block in a very elderly patient after TAVI had been performed to avoid high operative risk.
Case report of entrectinib associated fulminant myocarditis
Authors: Rundhawa Gohar , Ali Murtaza , Jacob Ron , Obeng-Gyimah Edmond , Vranian Michael N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors are one of the primary immunotherapies for ROS1 fusion-positive cancers. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have markedly improved outcomes for advanced cancers previously with poor prognosis. Entrectinib is an example of an ROS1 inhibitor that can be used for lung adenocarcinoma. There are numerous adverse effects with rare cardiac side effects reported, such as heart failure and myocarditis.

Case summary
A 27-year-old male being treated for lung adenocarcinoma who presented new congestive heart failure 2 weeks after starting Entrectinib. He developed refractory ventricular tachycardia, cardiogenic shock with an endomyocardial biopsy that showed active lymphohistiocytic myocarditis. With antiarrhythmic therapy, heavy sedation, mechanical circulatory support, and high-dose steroids, the patient had complete resolution of symptoms and return to baseline status.

Discussion
This is a rare case with a severe complication after starting Entrectinib for lung adenocarcinoma. In the literature, this is the first case of its kind presenting with myocarditis and severe heart failure after treatment with Entrectinib. This case highlights not only using cardiac imaging, and biopsy to help guide the diagnosis, but also describe the appropriate management.
Reproducibility of quantitative myocardial perfusion and coronary flow capacity by positron emission tomography: 3D digital silicon photomultiplier solid state vs. legacy 2D analogue systems for clinical practice and trials
Authors: Roby Amanda , Harmon Lindsey , Sander Kelly , Bui Linh , Kitkungvan Danai , Patel Monica , Narula Jagat , Johnson Nils P , Gould K Lance 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
Quantitative rest–stress myocardial perfusion in millilitres per minute per gram among multiple 2D and 3D positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) scanners is essential for personalized cardiac management and clinical trials. Accordingly, this study reports the accuracy and precision of quantitative rest–stress millilitres per minute per gram and coronary flow capacity among 2D and two different digital 3D silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) PET-CT scanners for quantifying the severity of coronary pathophysiology for clinical trials or guiding interventions vs. medical treatment.

Methods and results
One hundred seventy-one participants underwent 748 paired serial rest or stress PET perfusion imaging in the same person on ‘same day’ or ‘different days’ using rubidium-82 (Rb-82) pharmacologic stress on 2D and two different digital 3D SiPM PET-CT scanners for global myocardial perfusion in millilitres per minute per gram. For methodological variability of 66 ‘same-day’ serial paired PETs in the same person by 2D and two different 3D SiPM PET-CT scanners, rest–stress global myocardial millilitres per minute per gram had no significant bias (P = 0.464, mean difference 0.014 ± 0.21 mL/min/g) with coefficient of variation (COV) of ±14%. For methodological plus biological variability of 154 ‘different-day’ serial paired PETs, rest–stress global perfusion had no significant bias (P = 0.136), mean difference (0.028 ± 0.33), and COV of ±20%. Coronary flow reserve had a small bias of 0.095 ± 0.57 (P = 0.041) and COV of ±20%. Coronary flow capacity was not different by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (P = 0.99).

Conclusion
For quantifying myocardial perfusion in the same person on ‘same day’ or ‘different days’ using Rb-82, 3D SiPM PET-CT is comparably reproducible to analogue 2D PET-CT with the HeartSee perfusion model as the basis for quantifying physiologic severity of coronary heart disease to guide clinical decision-making or randomized clinical trials confirming these outcomes.
Molecular and Functional Characterization of the Peritoneal Mesothelium, a Barrier for Solute Transport
Authors: Marinovic Iva , Bartosova Maria , Levai Eszter , Herzog Rebecca , Saleem Arslan , Du Zhiwei , Zhang Conghui , Sacnun Juan Manuel , Pitaraki Eleanna , Sinis Sotirios , Damgov Ivan , Krunic Damir , Lajqi Trim , Al-Saeedi Mohammed , Szabo J Attila , Hausmann Michael , Pap Domonkos , Kratochwill Klaus , Krug Susanne M , Zarogiannis Sotirios G , Schmitt Claus Peter 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an increasingly needed, life-maintaining kidney replacement therapy; efficient solute transport is critical for patient outcome. While the role of peritoneal perfusion on solute transport in PD has been described, the role of cellular barriers is uncertain, the mesothelium has been considered irrelevant. We calculated peritoneal blood microvascular endothelial surface area (BESA) to mesothelial surface area (MSA) ratio in human peritonea in health, chronic kidney disease, and on PD, and performed molecular transport related gene profiling and single molecule localization microscopy in two mesothelial (MC) and two endothelial cell lines (EC). Molecular-weight dependent transport was studied in-vitro, ex-vivo and in mice. Peritoneal BESA is 1-3-fold higher than MSA across age groups, and increases with PD, while the mesothelium is preserved during the first 2 years of PD. Tight junction, transmembrane and transcytotic transporter expression are cell-type specifically expressed. At nanoscale, tight junction anchoring protein Zonula occludens-1 is more abundant and more continuously expressed along the MC than the EC. Ionic conductance is 3-fold lower across the MC than human microvascular EC, as is the permeability for creatinine, 4- and 10-kDa, but not for 70-kDa dextran. MC removal from sheep peritoneum abolishes ionic barrier function. Short term intraperitoneal LPS exposure in mice selectively affects peritoneal mesothelial integrity and increases transperitoneal solute transport. We provide molecular correlates and consistent functional evidence for the mesothelium as a barrier for peritoneal solute transport, ie, essential information on peritoneal transport modeling, and for interventions to improve PD efficiency and biocompatibility, and beyond.
The APOL1 p.N264K variant is co-inherited with the G2 kidney disease risk variant through a proximity recombination event
Authors: Simeone Christopher A , McNulty Michelle T , Gupta Yask , Genovese Giulio , Sampson Matthew G , Sanna-Cherchi Simone , Friedman David J , Pollak Martin R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Black Americans are 3–4 times more likely to develop nondiabetic kidney disease than other populations. Exclusively found in people of recent African (AFR) ancestry, risk variants in Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) termed G1 and G2 contribute significantly to this increased susceptibility. Our group and others showed that a missense variant in APOL1, rs73885316 (p.N264K, “M1”), is remarkably protective against APOL1 kidney disease when co-inherited with the G2 risk allele. Since the distance between the M1 and G2 variants is only 367 base pairs, we initially suspected that 2 independent mutation events occurred to create non-risk M1-G0 and M1-G2 haplotypes. Here, we examined APOL1 haplotypes in individuals of AFR ancestry from the 1000 Genomes Project, the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE), and an ancient individual from the Allen Ancient Genome Diversity Project to determine how the M1-G2 haplotype arose. We demonstrate that M1 most likely first appeared on a non-risk G0 haplotype, and that a subsequent recombination event bypassed strong recombination hotspots flanking APOL1 and occurred between p.N388Y389del on a G2 haplotype and M1 on a G0 haplotype to create the M1-G2 haplotype. Observing a recombination event within a small region between clinically relevant loci emphasizes the importance of studying the entire haplotype repertoire of a disease gene and the impact of haplotype backgrounds in disease susceptibility.
Transportome remodeling of a symbiotic microalga inside a planktonic host
Authors: Juéry Caroline , Auladell Adria , Füssy Zoltan , Chevalier Fabien , Yee Daniel P , Pelletier Eric , Corre Erwan , Allen Andrew E , Richter Daniel J , Decelle Johan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Metabolic exchange is one of the foundations of symbiotic associations between organisms and is a driving force in evolution. In the ocean, photosymbiosis between heterotrophic hosts and microalgae is powered by photosynthesis and relies on the transfer of organic carbon to the host (e.g. sugars). Yet, the identity of transferred carbohydrates as well as the molecular mechanisms that drive this exchange remain largely unknown, especially in unicellular photosymbioses that are widespread in the open ocean. Combining genomics, single-holobiont transcriptomics, and environmental metatranscriptomics, we revealed the transportome of the marine microalga Phaeocystis in symbiosis within acantharia, with a focus on sugar transporters. At the genomic level, the sugar transportome of Phaeocystis is comparable to non-symbiotic haptophytes. By contrast, we found significant remodeling of the expression of the transportome in symbiotic microalgae compared to the free-living stage. More particularly, 36% of sugar transporter genes were differentially expressed. Several of them, such as GLUTs, TPTs, and aquaporins, with glucose, triose-phosphate sugars, and glycerol as potential substrates, were upregulated at the holobiont and community level. We also showed that algal sugar transporter genes exhibit distinct temporal expression patterns during the day. This reprogramed transportome indicates that symbiosis has a major impact on sugar fluxes within and outside the algal cell, and highlights the complexity and the dynamics of metabolic exchanges between partners. This study improves our understanding of the molecular players of the metabolic connectivity underlying the ecological success of planktonic photosymbiosis and paves the way for more studies on transporters across photosymbiotic models.
Development of Reference Material for White Granulated Sugar
Authors: Wang Guihua , Li Jiawei , Xiao Ailing , Chen Jianjin , Ping Qiuting , Yu Juan , Gao Yufeng , Cheng Qiaoyun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
White granulated sugar, a significant commodity in bulk trade and a widely used raw material, plays a crucial role in the food, energy, and medicine industries. A certified reference material (CRM) for white granulated sugar provides a valuable tool for monitoring and maintaining the safety and quality of white granulated sugar and other related products. The colorimetric value, conductivity ash, sucrose content, and reducing sugar content serve as essential factors that determine the quality of white granulated sugar.

Objective
A CRM for grade one white granulated sugar was developed. A comprehensive study was carried out to assess its homogeneity and stability, and then the designated property values were determined.

Methods
Collaborative certification across 11 laboratories was applied to validate its property values and evaluate corresponding uncertainties.

Results
The designated property values and expanded uncertainties (k = 2) were determined to be 75.6 ± 2.8 IU, 0.0100 ± 0.0004 g/100g, 99.71 ± 0.08 g/100g, and 0.0226 ± 0.0024 g/100g for colorimetric value, conductivity ash, sucrose content, and reducing sugar content, respectively.

Conclusion
The reference material (RM) was sufficiently homogeneous between and within bottles and remained stable for up to 20 months.

Highlights
The developed CRM of sugar could be an effective support for method validation, capability validation, QC, and metrological traceability in the sugar and food industries.
Enoxaparin 40 mg Twice Daily With Peak Anti-Xa Adjustments Is Safe and Necessary to Achieve Therapeutic Chemoprophylaxis in Burn-Injured Patients
Authors: Pinto Desiree N , Lee Sophia , Johnson Cory , Halabi Rola , Le Tuan D , Moffatt Lauren T , Carney Bonnie C , Mathew Shane K , McLawhorn Melissa , Tejiram Shawn , Travis Taryn E , Shupp Jeffrey W 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Burn injury results in hypercoagulability and an increased venous thromboembolism risk. However, the most effective chemoprophylaxis for burn-injured patients has yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aims to identify the safety and efficacy of a burn center’s venous thromboembolism protocol modification, which increased the dose of enoxaparin from 40 mg daily to 40mg twice daily with peak anti-Xa level adjustments. It was hypothesized that this change would not increase bleeding complications and would decrease venous thromboembolism rates. All adult, burn-injured patients admitted to a regional burn center were retrospectively reviewed 1 year before and after the implementation of this protocol modification. There were no differences in demographics, injury characteristics, or hospital length of stay between the pre- (n = 432) and postprotocol modification (n = 407) groups. Bleeding complications did not increase in the postprotocol group, including intraoperative blood loss (50 vs 25cc), the total number of transfusions (9.0 vs 6.0 units), and GI bleeding events (0.7 vs 0.2%) (all P &gt; .05). Most patients receiving enoxaparin 40 mg twice daily achieved an initial therapeutic level based on peak anti-Xa measurements (46.5%), yet the rate of venous thromboembolisms between pre- and postprotocol groups was not statistically different (1.4 vs 0.7%, P = .5072). Factors associated with an initial sub- or supratherapeutic peak anti-Xa level were percent total body surface area, weight, body mass index, and creatinine clearance. Overall, this study demonstrated that a higher dose of enoxaparin (40 mg twice daily) with peak anti-Xa level adjustments was safe in burn-injured patients and necessary to obtain therapeutic levels of chemoprophylaxis.
Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 impacts bone microarchitecture with aging in female mice
Authors: Denman Kimberly , Blissett Angela , Glisic Stevan , Weiss Brent , Zachariadou Christina , Awad Hani , Litsky Alan , Cray James , Lee Beth S , Foster Brian L , Agarwal Gunjan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that binds to and is activated by collagen(s), including collagen type I. Ddr1 deletion in osteoblasts and chondrocytes has previously demonstrated the importance of this receptor in bone development. In this study, we examined the effect of DDR1 ablation on bone architecture and mechanics as a function of aging. Femurs were collected from female global Ddr1 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice at 2, 6, and 12 mo of age and analyzed by high-resolution micro-computed tomography (μCT), mechanical testing, and histology. Primary monocytes were collected for in vitro osteoclastogenesis assays. Our studies on younger (2 mo) mice revealed no significant differences between the two genotypes and the microarchitectural and mechanical features had a similar trend as those reported earlier for osteoblast or chondrocyte specific Ddr1 knockdown. At an advanced age (12 mo), significant differences were noted across the two genotypes. μCT analysis showed a decrease in medullary cavity area as well as increased trabeculation in cortical and trabecular bone in the Ddr1 KO vs. WT mice. In addition, Ddr1 KO mouse bones exhibited reduced mechanical properties (lower peak load, yield load, and energy to yield) at 12 mo. Histological analysis revealed reduced osteoclast count in Ddr1 KO femurs at 12 mo with no significant difference in osteocyte count between the genotypes. In vitro, osteoclastogenesis was impaired in Ddr1 KO bone marrow derived cells. These results suggest that DDR1 deficiency adversely impacts osteoclast differentiation and bone remodeling in an age-dependent manner.
The role of human papillomavirus 16 in oral cavity and laryngeal cancers in the United States
Authors: Kava Christine M , Chaturvedi Anil K , Senkomago Virginia , Mix Jacqueline M , Markowitz Lauri E , Kreimer Aimée R , Unger Elizabeth R , Saraiya Mona 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In addition to oropharyngeal cancers, evidence suggests that there may be an etiologic role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in some other head and neck cancers arising from the oral cavity and larynx. We estimated the burden of HPV16-attributable cancers of the oral cavity (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd Edition, site codes C02.0-C02.3, C02.9, C03.0, C03.1, C03.9, C04.0, C04.1, C04.8, C04.9, C05.0, C05.8, C05.9, C06.0-C06.2, C06.8, C06.9) and larynx (C32.0-C32.3, C32.8, C32.9) in the United States by pooling estimates from published case studies to calculate HPV16-attributable fractions and applying the HPV16-attributable fractions to 2016-2020 US Cancer Statistics data. During 2016-2020, of an average annual number of 12 612 oral cavity cancers, 3.9% (n = 497) were estimated to be attributable to HPV16. Of an average annual number of 11 170 laryngeal cancers, 2.8% (n = 309) were estimated to be attributable to HPV16. This information can improve surveillance of HPV16-attributable cancers in the US population and inform our understanding of the potential impact of HPV vaccination on cancers of the oral cavity and larynx.