bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Apatinib+Radiotherapy vs. Radiotherapy alone in Patients with Advanced Multiline Therapy Failure for NSCLC
Authors: Pan Huanle , Chenxian Su , Li Yunhao , Wu Xinyi , Wei Chaoyi , Shi Deli , Kong Fengming , Xie Congying , Cai Xiaona 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, and in China. Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis is a prevalent and serious complication. The most common treatment for BM is still radiation therapy (RT). An increasing number of drugs have been shown to have intracranial activity or to sensitize tumours to radiotherapy.Methods: Our study aims to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of apatinib combined with radiotherapy vs. radiotherapy alone in the treatment of patients with advanced multiline failure for non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastasis (BM). Eligible patients were divided into two groups: Apatinib + RT group and RT group. In the apatinib + RT group. Intracranial PFS and OS were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences between groups were compared by the log-rank test.Results: The median intracranial PFS for the RT group and Apatinib+RT group was 5.83 months and 11.81 months (p=0.034). The median OS for the RT group and Apatinib+RT group was 9.02 months and 13.62 months (p=0.311). The Apatinib+RT group had a better intracranial PFS, but there were no significant differences between the two arms in OS. The Apatinib+RT group had significantly reduced symptoms caused by BM, mainly headache and vomiting. Most patients tolerated the side effects well. Conclusion: RT combined with apatinib could help to control intracranial metastases. The Apatinib+RT group had significantly reduced symptoms caused by BM, the safety of the two treatments was similar.
Mining Prognostic Significance Genes in Human Thyroid Cancer Using Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhao Hui , Li Pengjie , Li Junjian , Duan Lian , Jiao Yanzhu , Li Shuang , Bai Yanni , Zhang Xiaqing , Liang Meihua , Huang Xiaoyi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Thyroid carcinoma (THC) is very common, yet its pathogenesis and the key tumor marker genes remain unclear.Methods Gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas Project (TCGA) were used for gene differential expression analysis. Functional annotation analysis, Clinical prognosis analysis and Differential DNA methylation analysis were conducted on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results Compared with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), 237 differentially expressed THC intersection genes derived from GEO and TCGA were obtained, of which 153 genes were closely related to clinicopathological features and prognostic effects. Biological function analysis indicated that most of these DEGs were involved in the proteinaceous extracellular matrix, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, resulting in effects on tumor invasion and metastasis. Finally, the results of differential methylation levels demonstrated that the high expression of 4 genes (CHI3L1, NFE2L3, S100A2, and LAMB3) was strongly correlated with the development of thyroid cancer.Conclusions Proteinaceous extracellular matrix, EMT, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were of great significance in the metastasis and invasion of THC. Genes such as CHI3L1, NFE2L3, S100A2, and LAMB3 were susceptible to THC.
FE Simulation Investigation of Magnesium Alloy by Equal Channel Angular Processing
Authors: Xu Shubo , Zhang Sen , Liu Peng , Jing Cainian , Ren Guocheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Magnesium alloy is one of the structure metals of great potential. The hcp structure makes its plasticity is poor at room temperature, which severely limits the development of magnesium alloy. Magnesium alloy plastic problem can be resolved through grain refinement method, and equal channel angular processing is one of the more effective methods of grain refinement. In this paper, two-dimensional dynamic simulation of equal channel angular processing for magnesium alloy were done with the finite element software. The deformation of magnesium alloy was analyzed when die angle and die corner angle were different. The results show that: in the main deformation zone, when die angles were different, the sample deformation in the horizontal direction is very uniform. But in the sample longitudinally direction, the greater the die angle, the more uniform the sample deformation. Die corner angle has no significant effect on the uniformity of the longitudinally deformation of the sample, but its affects the size of the dead zone and sample warpage.
Gene Expression Profiles Analyzed Using Integrating RNA Sequencing and Microarray Reveals Increased Inflammatory Response, Proliferation, and Osteoclastogenesis in Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
Authors: Zhao Yang , Lv Jiaoyun , Zhang Hongwei , Xie Jiawei , Zhang Xin , Dai Hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare condition that involves benign proliferation of the synovial tissue and is characterized by severe joint destruction and high recurrence even after surgical resection. However, poor understanding of the pathogenesis limits its effective therapy.Method: In this study, gene expression profiles of six patients with PVNS and six patients with osteoarthritis (OA) were analyzed using integrating RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and microarray to investigate the PVNS transcriptome. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, string, and cytoscape were used to determine the gene functional enrichment. Cell surface functional molecules were detected using flow cytometry to identify the cell subset. CD14 positive cells were isolated and induced to differentiate into osteoclast to evaluate the monocyte/macrophage function.Results: RNA-seq and microarray data revealed 195 common differentially expressed genes; expression change trends were consistent in both the methods. The most obvious local manifestations of PVNS were inflammation and tumor phenotypes. Infiltration of a large number of immune cells and increased cytokine secretion induced inflammation. High proportion of CD45+ inflammatory cells, including T cells (CD3+), natural killer cells (CD3-CD56+), NKT cells (CD3+CD56+), and B cells (CD19+), were recruited from the blood. Cell proliferation and migration resulted in manifestation of the tumor phenotype. Tumor checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell death protein 1, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4, and sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin, were expressed on the surface of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, an obvious increase in osteoclastogenesis and macrophage activation were observed locally. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive mature osteoclasts that differentiated from CD14+ monocytes were significantly higher in the PVNS synovium than that in OA. Conclusion: The transcriptional expression characteristics of PVNS resulted in increased immune response and cytokine expression, high cell proliferation and migration, and increased osteoclastogenesis and bone injury.
Bioinformatics analysis of KIF20A, a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma
Authors: Han Lu , Wang Jiayang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor with high mobility. The median survival time of GBM patients is 15 months. Currently, there is no effective treatment for improving the prognosis of the GBM due to a lack of prognostic markers. Materials and methods: To predict core therapeutic targets for GBM, we analyzed four microarray datasets (GSE49810, GSE50161, GSE65624, and GSE90604) selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the other datasets obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Expression protein array of 227 GBM samples and 18 normal samples were clustered to summarize GBM tissue classification. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by comparing GBM and normal brain tissues in each profile using the limma package of R software. GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the DAVID database. Overlapping DEGs were ranked based on protein expression ratios from the comparison between cancer and normal samples using robustRankaggreg package of R software and scored from high to low. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was visualized using CytoHubba and Cluego plugins in Cytoscape software. Core hub genes were analyzed by MCC, MNC, DMNC, and EPC methods. Besides, the GEPIA tool was used to create the survival curves and boxplots to evaluate the prognostic effect of hub genes for improving the diagnostic outcomes and treatment of GBM. Results: A total of 2064 DEGs were analyzed (1400 downregulated DEGs and 1664 upregulated DEGs) in the GEO database. 3292 DEGs were found (1485 upregulated DEGs and 1807 downregulated DEGs) in TCGA. We selected 221 significant DEGs from four microarrays. Combining the GEO results with the results of TCGA, we found only 181 common DEGs by using Venn analysis. Further, expression levels of KIF20A selected from 10 hub genes closely associated with the survival rate. Conclusion: Up-regulation of KIF20A has a pivotal role in controlling the prognosis of GBM in 2 years follow-up period; KIF20A should be considered as a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction Can Prevent and Treat Oxaliplatin Induced Neuropathic Pain by TNFα/IL-1β/IL-6/MAPK/NF-kB Pathway
Authors: Li Mingzhu , Li Zheng , Ma Xiande , Jin Shengbo , Cao Yang , Wang Xuebing , Zhao Jian , Wang Jianbo , Xu Jian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The mechanism of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction in the prevention and treatment of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain was unclear. Therefore, we explored the effect and mechanism of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP). Methods: Bodyweight and related behavioral testing of the rat model were utilized to explore the effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction in CINP. ELISA was used to detect the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 inflammatory factors in the serum of chronic CINP rats induced by oxaliplatin. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were applied to detect the expression of MAPK pathway related-proteins ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and the expression of downstream essential proteins c-Fos, CREB, and NF-κB. Results: By bodyweight and related behavioral testing of the rat model, we found that Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction can improve the slow weight gain of oxaliplatin-induced chronic CINP model rats, effectively prevent and treat oxaliplatin-induced regular CIPN rat model of hyperalgesia, and oppress the mechanical pain threshold, cold pain threshold, and heat pain threshold decreased. By ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis, we found that Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction can down-regulate the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 inflammatory factors in the serum of chronic CINP rats induced by oxaliplatin, then suppressed the expression of MAPK pathway related-proteins ERK1/2, p38 and JNK. After that, the expression of downstream essential proteins c-Fos, CREB, and Nf-κB also decreased. Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction can combat nerve cell injury, reduce pain sensitization, and prevent and repair the damage of nerve cells in oxaliplatin CINP model rats by TNFα/IL-1β/IL-6/MAPK/NF-kB pathway.
Relationship Between Cataract Surgery and Mortality in Elderly Patients with Cataract: Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study in South Korea
Authors: Lee Hun , Kim Jae Yong , Lee Ji Sung , Tchah Hungwon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There were a few studies showing conflicting findings with regard to the relationship between cataract surgery and all-cause mortality. It is uncertain whether cataract surgery could affect all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Korean elderly population. We aim to investigate the relationship between cataract surgery and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Korean elderly patients with cataract using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort database. Elderly patients (≥60 years) diagnosed with cataract from 2002 through 2012 were included. The baseline characteristics included demographics, and systemic and ocular comorbidities. Adjusted cox regression models with time-varying covariate for cataract surgery were used to assess the relationship between cataract surgery and mortality. The study cohort included 241,062 patients, of whom 127,491 were in the cataract surgery group and 113,121 were in the cataract diagnosis group. The incidence of all-cause mortality was 3.62 deaths/100 person-years and 3.19 deaths/100 person-years in the cataract surgery and cataract diagnosis groups, respectively. Cataract surgery was associated with a decreased hazard of all-cause mortality after adjusting for demographics, and systemic and ocular comorbidities (hazard ratio [HR],0.93;P<0.001). Protective association was noted between cataract surgery and mortality from vascular (HR,0.92;P<0.001) or neurologic (HR,0.64;P<0.001) causes in the adjusted model. Patients with cataract who were 85 years of age and older, women, those who had lower income and a Charlson comorbidity index score of 5 or more, or those without glaucoma revealed the largest reductions in mortality hazards resulting from cataract surgery. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between cataract surgery and mortality.
Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles Albitarsis S.S. From a Rice Production Field, With the First Record of Kdr Mutation in This Species&nbsp;
Authors: Braga Taiza Andrade , Loureiro Aline Cordeiro , Lima José Bento Pereira , Martins Ademir J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Although there is a vast literature concerning insecticide resistance (IR) in Plasmodium vectors from African and Asian continents, similar studies with Neotropical anophelines are scares. Herein we evaluated the IR profile of Anopheles albitarsis s.s. of a laboratory colony and a natural population collected around a rice plantation field. The laboratory colony is original from a collection performed in this same region more than two decades ago. Methods: We collected An. albitarsis females while resting after blood feeding, around rice field plantations in Massaranduba, SC, Brazil. These females laid their eggs in the laboratory, and the larvae were raised in parallel with our lab colony. To be sure about the field samples’ taxonomic status, we amplified and sequenced the mitochondrial COI gene of a sampling of field captured mosquitoes. We performed a simplified knockdown test with larvae exposed to permethrin and deltamethrin and submitted adult females to a WHO like tube test with the pyrethroids permethrin, deltamethrin, and etofenprox, in addition to the organophosphate malathion. A segment of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (NaV) was amplified and cloned. Based on the observed sequences, we developed a TaqMan genotyping assay for the variation L1014F and calculated the genotypic and allelic frequencies concerning this SNP in the field population.Results: The COI analyses confirmed the taxonomic status of An. albitarsis s.s in laboratory and field samples. The field population was resistant to pyrethroids but not to malathion. We observed the substitutions L1019R, F1020S, and the classical kdr L1014F in the NaV gene. This classical kdr allele was present under low frequencies in the overall field population (2%), although more frequent in pyrethroid-resistant insects.Conclusions: The An. albitarsis s.s. population from Massaranduba was resistant to pyrethroids, likely due to selection pressure exerted by agrochemical pesticides. We registered the classical kdr mutation in a Brazilian Anopheles species for the first time. Further investigations are necessary to disclose additional resistance mechanisms.
Comparison and Affecting Factors of Three tDCS Montages in Motor Recovery of Chronic Stroke Patients: A Resting-State EEG Study
Authors: Wang Chunfang , Zhang Ying , Chen Yuanyuan , Song Peiqing , Yu Hongli , Sun Changcheng , Du Jingang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: We aimed at exploring the modulation of tDCS on spontaneous cortical activity through the changing of EEG rhythms to different tDCS montages and the interaction between cortical responses and variability factors of stroke individuals.Methods: 19 stroke subjects underwent 4 tDCS sessions with 3 different tDCS montages (anodal (atDCS), cathodal (ctDCS) and bilateral (bi-tDCS)) and sham stimulation in a single-blind, randomized, controlled crossover design. We acquired resting-state (eyes closing and opening alternately) EEG data before and after tDCS, and calculated the spectral power of each frequency band. Paired-samples T test was applied to examine the difference of spectral power between pre- and post-stimulation of each montage. Three-way repeated measures analysis of variance with lesion hemispheres, stimulation montages and locations were carried out to investigate tDCS effects of different lesion, montages, and channel locations, and the interaction. Further, the effects of tDCS over time were analyzed applying three-way repeated ANOVAs as well with post trials, lesion hemispheres and channel locations separately to each montage. Finally, linear and quadratic regression model were used separately to describe the association between clinical factors of stroke patients and change of spectral power.Results: We found that induced effect of tDCS was limited to the alpha rhythm of opening-state. atDCS increased the alpha power especially alpha1 (8-10 Hz) in local and distant areas of mainly frontal and partial. bi-tDCS affected the alpha power as well, but in a smaller area which mainly focused on alpha2 (10-13 Hz). ctDCS and sham had no effect on alpha rhythm. No significant difference of alpha band was found over the observed time range after the stimulation over. Results further showed that the quadratic model can better characterize the relationship between clinical factors and the tDCS effects of alpha rhythm than linear model. The changing of alpha especially alpha2 in contralateral hemisphere induced by atDCS was related to time since stroke, and alpha2 in ipsilateral hemisphere induced by bi-tDCS to motor impairment level.Conclusion: Our results provide electrophysiological evidence that different tDCS montages in stroke subjects modulate rhythmic cortical activity of alpha band in different ways, and the effects maintained for at least 30 minutes. The tDCS modulation effect was related to clinical factors, especially the time since stroke and the level of motor impairment. These findings are of great significance for the knowledge on modulation effect to stroke patients and for therapeutic application of motor recovery following stroke.
Impact of COVID-19 on New Mexico Harm Reduction Services: Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Reta Anita , Nelson Leah , Rose Rachel , Carrejo Valerie , Bhatt Snehal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Evidence is emerging indicating persons with substance use disorders (SUD) are at particular risk of adverse health outcomes during the Sars-CoV2 pandemic crisis, especially compounded if those persons are underrepresented minorities. New Mexico has unique demographic characteristics being predominantly rural and minority populated. We attempted to survey harm reduction (HR) sites across the state to understand and document the effects the current health crisis has had on their operations. Sites reported a significant decrease (p=0.05) in clients served between the time periods of November 2019-January 2020 and March-May 2020, supply shortages, and anecdotal reports of increasing street drug prices. Future research should focus on rates of overdose during public health crises, its effects on medication assisted treatment (MAT) clinics, and in continued efforts to curtail rates of SUD overall.
CT Imaging-based Machine Learning Model: A Potential Modality for Predicting Low-Risk and High-Risk Groups of Thymoma “Impact of surgical modality choice”
Authors: KAYICANGIR Ayten , ORHAN Kaan , KAHYA Yusuf , ÖZAKINCI Hilal , KAZAK Betül Bahar , BALCI Buse Mine KONUK , KARASOY Duru , UZUN Çağlar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
IntroductionRadiomics has become a hot issue in the medical imaging field, particularly in cancer imaging. Radiomics methods are used to analyze various medical images, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography to provide information regarding the diagnosis, patient outcome, tumor phenotype, and the gene-protein signatures of various diseases.This study evaluated the CT radiomics features of thymomas to discriminate between low- and high-risk thymoma groups.Materials and MethodsIn total, 83 patients with thymoma were included in this study between 2004 and 2019. We used the Radcloud platform (Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd.) to manage the imaging and clinical data and perform the radiomics statistical analysis. The training and validation datasets were separated by a random method with a ratio of 2:8 and 502 random seeds. The histopathological diagnosis was noted from the pathology report.ResultsFour machine learning radiomics features were identified to differentiate a low-risk thymoma group from a high-risk thymoma group. The radiomics feature names were Energy, Zone Entropy, Long Run Low Gray Level Emphasis, and Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that a machine-learning model and a multilayer perceptron classifier analysis can be used on CT images to predict low- and high-risk thymomas. This combination could be a useful preoperative method to determine the surgical approach for thymoma.