bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and mechanical properties of nanostructured Cu-Zn alloys by ECAP and rolling
Authors: Zaynullina L I , Alexandrov I V , Wei W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The results of investigation of the Cu–Zn system alloys with 10 wt.% and 30 wt.% Zn, the stacking fault energy (SFE) of which differs by a factor of 2.5, are presented. ECAP and subsequent flat rolling resulted in the refinement of the microstructure. Flat rolling with the reduction degree 95% resulted in the decrease of the concentration of nanotwins formed during ECAP. Flat rolling of ultra-fine grained (UFG) alloys leads to the strength increase and ductility decrease explained by the refinement of the microstructure and decrease in the concentration of deformation twins.
Invited Commentary: Women’s Reproductive Life Spans and Subsequent Inflammatory Profiles—How to Best Measure Reproductive Life Span and the Need for Baseline Assessments
Authors: Schliep Karen C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Inflammatory processes are known to drive the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer disease, as well as all-cause mortality. Emerging research indicates that women who have a longer reproductive life span—roughly determined as the period from menarche to menopause or lifetime number of ovulatory cycles after accounting for anovulatory time spans—are at lower risk for these inflammation-related chronic diseases. The paradox is that ovulation is known to induce acute inflammation. Given the limited research assessing the relationship between reproductive life span and later inflammatory profiles, Huang et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2020;189(7):660–670) set out to investigate this relationship within 2 of the most robust longitudinal cohort studies of women, the Nurses’ Health studies. They found that after adjustment for other inflammation-related factors, including adiposity, exercise, and diet, lifetime ovulatory years was associated with lower C-reactive protein levels in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Huang et al. call attention to several challenges in research on women’s reproductive life spans, including how to appropriately capture lifetime ovulatory cycles and the need for repeated measurements of inflammatory biomarkers across the life course if we wish to understand pathogenic processes linking reproductive factors to subsequent chronic disease.
The Time of the Latinx Nineteenth Century
Authors: Balachandran Orihuela Sharada 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Latino Nineteenth Century: Archival Encounters in American Literary History (2016), edited by Rodrigo Lazo and Jesse Alemán, is a formative volume that, in its capaciousness, reorients nineteenth-century literary history toward a substantial engagement with Latinx and Latin American literary and cultural production. Consisting of 15 sections written by leading scholars in the field of nineteenth-century Latinx literary studies, the volume tackles an impressive range of nineteenth-century Latinx thinkers and texts. The essays collected here oscillate seamlessly from macro to micro scales of space, move across the long nineteenth century, and engage with an array of printed materials of the Latinx nineteenth century. This volume is about multiplicity: from Jessie Alemán’s Philadelphia to Juan Poblete’s essay on the close ties between California and Chile in the nineteenth century; from the instances of failed immigration outlined by Robert McKee Irwin to Kirsten Silva Gruesz’s migratory “errancy”; from José Aranda’s essay on Mexican American modernity to Marissa Lopez’s argument about Latino dismodernity. Ultimately, the editors and contributors reveal the numerous nineteenth centuries across the hemisphere, and help us imagine the intersections of US literary history and Latinx studies in the nineteenth century.
SimRVSequences: an R package to simulate genetic sequence data for pedigrees
Authors: Nieuwoudt Christina , Brooks-Wilson Angela , Graham Jinko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Summary
We present the R package SimRVSequences to simulate sequence data for pedigrees. SimRVSequences allows for simulations of large numbers of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and scales well with increasing numbers of pedigrees. Users provide a sample of pedigrees and SNV data from a sample of unrelated individuals.

Availability and implementation
SimRVSequences is publicly-available on CRAN https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SimRVSequences/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Detection of differentially methylated CpG sites between tumor samples with uneven tumor purities
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Li Ziyi , Wei Nana , Wu Hua-Jun , Zheng Xiaoqi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMotivationInference of differentially methylated (DM) CpG sites between two groups of tumor samples with different geno- or pheno-types is a critical step to uncover the epigenetic mechanism of tumorigenesis, and identify biomarkers for cancer subtyping. However, as a major source of confounding factor, uneven distributions of tumor purity between two groups of tumor samples will lead to biased discovery of DM sites if not properly accounted for.ResultsWe here propose InfiniumDM, a generalized least square model to adjust tumor purity effect for differential methylation analysis. Our method is applicable to a variety of experimental designs including with or without normal controls, different sources of normal tissue contaminations. We compared our method with conventional methods including minfi, limma and limma corrected by tumor purity using simulated datasets. Our method shows significantly better performance at different levels of differential methylation thresholds, sample sizes, mean purity deviations and so on. We also applied the proposed method to breast cancer samples from TCGA database to further evaluate its performance. Overall, both simulation and real data analyses demonstrate favorable performance over existing methods serving similar purpose.Availability and implementationInfiniumDM is a part of R package InfiniumPurify, which is freely available from GitHub (https://github.com/Xiaoqizheng/InfiniumPurify).Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Microglia and macrophage phenotypes in intracerebral haemorrhage injury: therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Bai Qian , Xue Mengzhou , Yong V Wee 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The prognosis of intracerebral haemorrhage continues to be devastating despite much research into this condition. A prominent feature of intracerebral haemorrhage is neuroinflammation, particularly the excessive representation of pro-inflammatory CNS-intrinsic microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages that infiltrate from the circulation. The pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages produce injury-enhancing factors, including inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases and reactive oxygen species. Conversely, the regulatory microglia/macrophages with potential reparative and anti-inflammatory roles are outcompeted in the early stages after intracerebral haemorrhage, and their beneficial roles appear to be overwhelmed by pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages. In this review, we describe the activation of microglia/macrophages following intracerebral haemorrhage in animal models and clinical subjects, and consider their multiple mechanisms of cellular injury after haemorrhage. We review strategies and medications aimed at suppressing the pro-inflammatory activities of microglia/macrophages, and those directed at elevating the regulatory properties of these myeloid cells after intracerebral haemorrhage. We consider the translational potential of these medications from preclinical models to clinical use after intracerebral haemorrhage injury, and suggest that several approaches still lack the experimental support necessary for use in humans. Nonetheless, the preclinical data support the use of deactivator or inhibitor of pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages, whilst enhancing the regulatory phenotype, as part of the therapeutic approach to improve the prognosis of intracerebral haemorrhage.
Subjective Uncontrollability over Aversive Events Reduces Working Memory Performance and Related Large-Scale Network Interactions
Authors: Wanke Nadine , Schwabe Lars 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lack of control over significant events may induce a state of learned helplessness that is characterized by cognitive, motivational, and affective deficits. Although highly relevant in the pathogenesis of several mental disorders, the extent of the cognitive deficits induced by experiences of uncontrollability and the neural mechanisms underlying such deficits in humans remain poorly understood. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we tested here whether uncontrollability over aversive events impairs subsequent working memory performance and, if so, which neural processes are involved in such deficits. We assessed working memory and the involved neurocircuitry in the MRI scanner before and after participants underwent a task in which they could either learn to avoid electric shocks or had no instrumental control over shocks. Our results show that subjective, but not objective, uncontrollability over aversive events impaired working memory performance. This impact of subjective uncontrollability was linked to altered prefrontal and parahippocampal activities and connectivity as well as decreased crosstalk between frontoparietal executive and salience networks. Our findings show that the perceived uncontrollability over aversive events, rather than the aversive events themselves or the actual, objective control over them, disrupts subsequent working memory processes, most likely through altered crosstalk between prefrontal, temporal, and parietal areas.
Simultaneous Pharmacokinetics Estimation of Nateglinide and Pioglitazone by RP-HPLC: Computational Study to Unlock the Synergism
Authors: Dey Suddhasattya , Basak Souvik , De Anjan , Alam Shahreja Parvez , Hossain Tabassum , Saha Achintya , Ghosh Manik , Karmakar Tanushree 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Nateglinide (NAT) and Pioglitazone (PIO) are an antidiabetic drugs combination and currently under clinical trial in countries like Japan. In this study, an alternative, a simple, sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed (limit of detection: 15 ng/mL and limit of quantification: 50 ng/mL) for simultaneous estimation of this drug combination in rat plasma. Most remarkably, bioavailability of NAT has been increased markedly on coadministration with PIO, than when it was administered alone. Thus, PIO is assumed to retard the catabolism of NAT by inhibiting metabolic liver-microsomal enzyme, especially CYP2C9. Using a Waters Nova-Pak C 18 column (150 × 3.9 mm, 4 μm) and a mobile phase of acetonitrile: 10 mM KH2PO4 (60: 40, V/V (volume by volume)) pH 3.5, the analysis was performed at 210 nm with a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. In silico docking via molecular dynamics simulation revealed that NAT-CYP2C9 binding affinity may be reduced after PIO attachment, presumably due to the binding site overlapping of the two drugs. Thus, it has been proposed that NAT and PIO may be an efficient synergistic fixed dose combination against diabetes mellitus, and the above method can foster a simple but highly sensitive bioanalytical estimation for routine analysis.
Radio-tracking reveals insight into survival and dynamic habitat selection of fledgling Cerulean Warblers
Authors: Raybuck Douglas W , Larkin Jeffery L , Stoleson Scott H , Boves Than J 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor most bird species, little is known about their ecology and survival between fledging and independence despite the potential for post-fledging survival to be a factor limiting population dynamics. Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea) are a declining migratory species, and full-life-cycle conservation efforts that include the post-fledging period are warranted to attempt to reverse their decline. To understand movement, habitat selection, and survival, we radio-tracked 20 fledglings throughout the dependent post-fledging period. Broods were split by their parents, typically (88%) left parental breeding territories within 12 days, and survivors moved 2.4 ± 0.7 km (mean ± SE) from their nest within the 28.1 ± 1.8 day tracking period. Fledglings were usually observed in the mid-canopy to upper canopy and selected habitat with greater mid-story cover, less basal area, and areas closer to water bodies, compared to available points, when considering data from the entire post-fledgling period. However, habitat selection varied with fledgling age. Young fledglings (0–2 days post-fledging) selected areas with greater sapling cover and less stand basal area, but as fledglings matured, they selected areas farther from canopy gaps with greater mid-story cover. Compared with nesting habitat selected by parents, fledglings used areas with smaller and more numerous trees, fewer canopy gaps, and greater mid-story cover. Survival of the entire period was 48 ± 14% and most (8/10) mortalities occurred within the first 3 days post-fledging. Evidence indicated eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) as the most common predator. Providing or retaining large tracts of forest is recommended to prevent the restriction of post-fledging dispersal, and managing forests to maintain a heterogeneous landscape that includes stands with numerous canopy gaps and dense understory (e.g., shelterwood harvests or late seral stage conditions) as well as stands with a dense mid-story (e.g., younger stands and riparian areas) appears to be important for this life stage.
O3 DIRECT ORAL FEEDING FOLLOWING MINIMALLY INVASIVE ESOPHAGECTOMY (NUTRIENT II TRIAL): AN INTERNATIONAL, MULTICENTER, OPEN-LABEL RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Berkelmans Gijs H K , Fransen Laura F C , Dolmans-Zwartjes Annemarie C P , Kouwenhoven Ewout A , van Det Marc J , Nilsson Magnus , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A P , Luyer Misha D P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aim
Patients undergoing an esophagectomy are often kept nil-by-mouth postoperatively out of fear for increasing anastomotic leakage and pulmonary complications. This study investigates the effect of direct start of oral feeding following minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) compared to standard of care.

Background & Methods
Elements of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been successfully introduced in patients undergoing an esophagectomy. However, start of oral intake, which is an essential part of the ERAS protocols, remains a matter of debate.
Patients in this multicenter, international randomized controlled trial were randomized to directly start oral feeding (intervention) after a MIE with intrathoracic anastomosis or to receive nil-by-mouth and tube feeding for five days postoperative (control group). Primary outcome was time to functional recovery. Secondary outcome parameters included anastomotic leakage, pneumonia rate and other surgical complications scored by predefined definitions.

Results
Baseline characteristics were similar in the intervention (n=65) and control (n=67) group. Functional recovery was seven days for patients receiving direct oral feeding compared to eight days in the control group (p-value 0.436). Anastomotic leakage rate did not differ in the intervention (18.5%) and control group (16.4%, p-value 0.757). Pneumonia rates were comparable between the intervention (24.6%) and control group (34.3%, p-value 0.221). Other morbidity rates were similar, except for chyle leakage which was more prevalent in the standard of care group (p-value 0.032).

Conclusions
Direct oral feeding after an esophagectomy does not affect functional recovery and did not increase incidence or severity of postoperative complications.
FULMINANT CEREBRAL AIR EMBOLISM FOLLOWING ENDOVAC-THERAPY IN ESOPHAGEAL ANASTOMOTIC LEAKAGE – A RARE COMPLICATION
Authors: Herzberg J , Jenner R , Strate T , Honarpisheh H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aim
Anastomotic leakages after esophageal surgery is a major complication with an increased risk of mortality and an extended ICU and hospital stay.
Surgical revisions or endoscopic interventions are standard procedures in treatment of such complications. The use of endoscopic endoluminal vacuum therapy (EVT) as introduced in the last years is considered a safe treatment.

Background & Methods
We analyzed 78 patients who underwent a surgical resection of the esophagus from January 2015 until December 2018. We compared patients with endovac-therapy to patients without such endoscopic intervention. Length of stay in ICU and in hospital, patient’s demographics and perioperative parameters were analyzed.

Results
In our center, we performed 78 esophageal resections from January 2015 to December 2018. In 14.1% (11 patients) an anastomotic leakage appeared, in 10 patients (12.8% of all cases) we performed an endovac-therapy. In the endovac- group, the mean postoperative hospital stay was 39 days (± 18 days), which is a significant longer postoperative in-hospital time in compare to the other patients (mean 17 days, ±8 days, p=0,004). Patients demographics and perioperative parameters were comparable in both groups.
The postoperative 90-days mortality in the endovac-group was 20% (2 patients), in compare to a 90-days mortality rate of 4.4% in the group without an EVT.
In one case we found the rare complication of an air embolism following an extended 35 days endovac-therapy.
Endovac-therapy is a useful tool in the treatment of anastomotic leakage, although it is associated with a significantly prolonged hospital stay. Air embolism during endovac-therapy such as reported in this analysis, is a rare complication associated with endoscopic treatments. This is the first reported case of such an air embolism during endovac-therapy.
Using carbon dioxide for endoscopic interventions might reduce the risk for air embolism, especially in high-risk-patients.
P6 HIATAL HERNIA REPAIR BY TENSION-FREE MESH CLOSURE OR SIMPLE SUTURING OF THE DIAPHRAGMATIC HIATUS
Authors: Apostolos Analatos , Bengt Håkanson , Lars Lundell , Mats Lindblad , Anders Thorell 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aim
To assess the anatomical and functional results of the use of a mesh for the repairing of hiatal hernia in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Background & Methods
In hiatal hernia repair during antireflux surgery, less focus has traditionally been directed towards the restoration of the diaphragmatic hiatus. In other types of hernia repair, the use of a mesh-reinforced, tension-free technique has been shown to be associated with reduced recurrence rates. Patients (n=159) undergoing Nissen fundoplication for gastro-esophageal reflux disease were randomized to closure of the diaphragmatic hiatus with either crural sutures alone (n=77) or tension-free closure with a non-absorbable mesh (Crurasoft®, n=82). Primary outcome was radiologically verified recurrent hiatal hernia. Secondary outcomes were intra-and postoperative complications and courses, symptomatic recurrence, use of PPI, postoperative oesophageal acid exposure and Quality of Life.

Results
At 3 years recurrence rates were 12 % and 9 % in the mesh and suture groups respectively (p=0,61). Control of GERD symptoms, use of PPI and oesophageal acid exposure did not differ between groups. At the same time obstructive eating complaints were reduced in both groups compared to the preoperative setting (p<0.05) but more patients scored dysphagia for solid food after mesh closure (p=0,027). Quality of life scores were significantly improved throughout the follow up without differences between groups.

Conclusion
Tension-free crural repair with non-absorbable mesh does not reduce the incidence of recurrent hiatal hernia compared to crural sutures alone in GERD patients undergoing total fundoplication. This, together with the finding of increased dysphagia at 3 years postoperatively, suggests that mesh closure cannot be recommended for routine use in laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair for GERD.
P7 THE IMPACT OF PREHABILITATION ON PARAMETERS OF BODY COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MULTIMODAL THERAPY FOR OESOPHAGO-GASTRIC (OG) CANCER
Authors: Emre Doganay , Piers R Boshier , Laura J Halliday , Rob Thomas , Donald E Low , Krishna Moorthy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
This study characterises changes in body composition and physical performance during neoadjuvant therapy in the context of prehabilitation before oesophago-gastric resection.

Background & Methods
Neoadjuvant therapy has deleterious effects on functional capacity and may lead to a decline in physical fitness and skeletal muscle mass. This is a retrospective review of oesophago-gastric cancer patients undergoing prehabilitation. Assessment of body composition (skeletal muscle, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue) was performed from L3 axial CT images acquired at the time of diagnosis and after neoadjuvant therapy.

Results
42 patients (33M, 65.7±11.1) met the inclusion criteria. Patients body weight (81.8±21.3 kg vs. 81.3±21 kg, p=0.668) and BMI (27.9±7.2 kg/m2 vs. 27.8±7.0 kg/m2, p=0.648) did not change significantly between the study time points. There was no significant difference between estimated lean body mass (39.2±13.2 vs. 38.3±10.1; 95%CI -2.5 to 4.3 p=0.592) and fat mass (30.6±15.4 vs. 28.6±14.0; 95%CI -1.7 to 5.7, p=0.284). Skeletal muscle index significantly decreased (46.5±9.9 to 43.1±9.8; 95%CI 2.1 to 4.6, p<0.001). Patients who were adherent to the prehabilitation programme had a significantly higher skeletal muscle index compared to noncompliant patients (47.4±10.4 vs. 40.2±8.9; 95%CI 1.5 to 13.5, p=0.016). Patients who achieved a higher MET-minutes were less likely to be sarcopenic (F(1,40 = 6.1, p = 0.018)).There was no decline in physical performance (Median IQR; VO2max ml kg−1min−1) during neoadjuvant therapy (17.5 [14-19.3] vs. 17.5 [13.3-19.3]; p=0.164).

Conclusion
this is the first study to report variations in parameters of body composition in patients undergoing a prehabilitation programme. Findings suggest that prehabilitation may be a useful adjunct in limiting the extent of sarcopenia and patient deconditioning during neoadjuvant therapy.