bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jurilinguistics: Ways Forward Beyond Law, Translation, and Discourse
Authors: Monzó-Nebot Esther , Moreno-Rivero Javier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis is the guest editors’ introductory paper to the special issue “Situating jurilinguistics across cultures using translation and discourse approaches.” The introduction showcases the interdisciplinary vocation of jurilinguistics from its conception almost forty years ago. It is argued that jurilinguistics has achieved its current maturity by diversifying the disciplinary lenses of the originally contributing disciplines of legal translation and legal studies while keeping faithful to its original principles—facing practical problems with a rigorous outlook, venturing into any new domains that may prove enlightening, and combining professional and academic perspectives. The authors highlight how the series of conferences “Jurilinguistics: Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Language and Law” have been instrumental in enhancing the scope of jurilinguistics. Finally, the articles gathered in this special issue are presented and their contributions in advancing the knowledge available for practitioners and scholars meeting at the interface between law and language are underscored.
Numerical Modeling of Momentum Dispersion in Porous Media Based on the Pore Scale Prevalence Hypothesis
Authors: Rao Feixiong , Kuznetsov Andrey V. , Jin Yan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA macroscopic model that accounts for the effect of momentum dispersion on flows in porous media is proposed. The model is based on the pore scale prevalence hypothesis (PSPH). The effects of macroscopic velocity gradient on momentum transport are approximated using a Laplacian term. A local Reynolds number Red, which characterizes the strength of momentum dispersion, is introduced to calculate the effective viscosity. The characteristic length used in defining Red is the pore size, while the characteristic velocity is the mixing velocity. A Taylor expansion is made for the effective viscosity with respect to Red. The two leading-order terms of the Taylor series are adopted in the present PSPH momentum-dispersion model. The model constants are determined from the direct numerical simulation results of a flow in the same porous medium bounded by two walls. The effective viscosity approaches the molecular viscosity when the porosity is increased to 1. It approaches infinity when the porosity approaches 0. The benchmark studies show that the effects of the macroscopic velocity gradient can be approximated by the Laplacian term. The proposed PSPH momentum-dispersion model is highly accurate in a wide range of Reynolds and Darcy numbers as well as porosities.
Effect of oxygen limitation on the enrichment of bacteria degrading either benzene or toluene and the identification of Malikia spinosa (Comamonadaceae) as prominent aerobic benzene-, toluene-, and ethylbenzene-degrading bacterium: enrichment, isolation and whole-genome analysis
Authors: Révész Fruzsina , Farkas Milán , Kriszt Balázs , Szoboszlay Sándor , Benedek Tibor , Táncsics András 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe primary aims of this present study were to evaluate the effect of oxygen limitation on the bacterial community structure of enrichment cultures degrading either benzene or toluene and to clarify the role of Malikia-related bacteria in the aerobic degradation of BTEX compounds. Accordingly, parallel aerobic and microaerobic enrichment cultures were set up and the bacterial communities were investigated through cultivation and 16S rDNA Illumina amplicon sequencing. In the aerobic benzene-degrading enrichment cultures, the overwhelming dominance of Malikia spinosa was observed and it was abundant in the aerobic toluene-degrading enrichment cultures as well. Successful isolation of a Malikia spinosa strain shed light on the fact that this bacterium harbours a catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) gene encoding a subfamily I.2.C-type extradiol dioxygenase and it is able to degrade benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene under clear aerobic conditions. While quick degradation of the aromatic substrates was observable in the case of the aerobic enrichments, no significant benzene degradation, and the slow degradation of toluene was observed in the microaerobic enrichments. Despite harbouring a subfamily I.2.C-type C23O gene, Malikia spinosa was not found in the microaerobic enrichments; instead, members of the Pseudomonas veronii/extremaustralis lineage dominated these communities. Whole-genome analysis of M. spinosa strain AB6 revealed that the C23O gene was part of a phenol-degrading gene cluster, which was acquired by the strain through a horizontal gene transfer event. Results of the present study revealed that bacteria, which encode subfamily I.2.C-type extradiol dioxygenase enzyme, will not be automatically able to degrade monoaromatic hydrocarbons under microaerobic conditions.
Evaluating the effects of layered soils on water flow, solute transport, and crop growth with a coupled agro-eco-hydrological model
Authors: Chen Shuai , Mao Xiaomin , Shukla Manoj K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeSoil salinization and degradation in the arid and semiarid areas are a worldwide phenomenon. Soil capping with capillary barriers is a potential practice to hydraulically isolate contaminated soils, which may improve the soil environment for plant growth. This study aims to investigate the influences of soil capping on crop growth and soil salinization control in the arid area with shallow groundwater tables.Materials and methodsA one-dimensional agro-eco-hydrological model, LAWSTAC, capable of simulating water and solute transport in layered soil coupled with crop growth, was applied for simulating sunflower growth under field condition in Arid Northwest China. The model was calibrated and validated with the experimental data of 2012 and 2013 crop seasons. The calibrated model was then used to explore how the soil capping consisting of combinations of fine soil (10, 15, 17, 19, and 20 cm thick) and coarse sand (10, 5, 3, 1, and 0 cm thick correspondingly) would influence the soil water and salt dynamics, and seed yield.Results and discussionSimulation results by LAWSTAC compared well with the observed soil water content, salt concentration, leaf area index, and seed yield. Further scenario simulations showed that a sand layer in the soil capping could greatly affect the water and salt distribution in the soil above and below the sand layer. Though soil capping could decrease the water storage (WS) in the root zone, it caused no obvious increase in water stress to root uptake for sand thickness of 1–3 cm and also considerably reduced the root zone salt content (SC) in crop season compared with that without soil capping. The average WS during the crop season showed a negative correlation with the thickness of sand layer in the soil capping. The average SC from planting to harvest was significantly lower for thicker sand in the soil capping. To soils with high background salinization, the increase of sand thickness would be helpful for enhancing seed yield, until it reached a critical value.ConclusionsCoarse soil layer in the soil capping could prevent salt moving into the root zone, while fine soil could supply water to plant once water in coarse soil was low. Thus, in a long run, the soil capping consisting of combinations of fine and coarse soils with certain thicknesses would be an alternative practice for saline soil reclamation and improving crop production in arid area with shallow groundwater tables and soil salinization.
Role of the Secondary Phase η During High-Temperature Compression of ATI 718Plus®
Authors: Kienl Christiane , Mandal Paranjayee , Lalvani Himanshu , Rae Catherine M. F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
High-temperature compression tests were performed on a Ni-base superalloy with a multi-phase microstructure. Particular attention was given on the influence of the η phase on recrystallization of ATI 718Plus®. The compression tests were performed at two temperatures over a variety of strains and strain rates. Meta-dynamic recrystallization was studied by exposing the samples to a set dwell time at the test temperature after deformation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to investigate the microstructures after the tests. Secondary electron imaging (SEI) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were utilized in order to investigate the deformation behavior of η and obtaining a detailed understanding of the recrystallization mechanism. The secondary η phase was found to increase the recrystallized fraction compared to η free tests. However, clusters of thin lamellar η inhibited recrystallization. The flow curve softening was distinctly stronger in the microstructure containing precipitates. It could be shown by SE images that this was due to the breakage and realignment of η. In addition, η was also found to accommodate the stresses by a remarkable deformation without breaking up. This was considered to be due to the composite nature of the precipitate as well as the ongoing recrystallization in the surrounding matrix.
Detailed study on the effect of different ignition enhancers in the binary blends of diesel/biodiesel as a possible substitute for unaltered compression ignition engine
Authors: Devarajan Yuvarajan , Munuswamy Dineshbabu , Nagappan Beemkumar , Ganesan S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study examines the impact of the oxygenated additives namely DTBP (Di-Tetra-Butyl-Phenol) and 1-Pentadecanol (1-DEC) on emissions, combustion and performance patterns of Karanja biodiesel/diesel blends. Two additives were selected as ignition improver owing to their improved physicochemical properties. The additives were mixed at 10% volume with the equal blends of diesel and biodiesel. Experimental results revealed that by adding additives and biodiesel to diesel found no phase separation. HRR and peak pressure were highest for diesel and least for KBD/D blends. However, blending the additives enhanced its HRR and peak pressure. Addition of additives lowered the harmful emissions significantly with a slight increase in NO emissions to the KBD/D blends. In addition, a noteworthy increase in performance aspects was observed for KBD/D blends by adding DTBP and 1-Pentadecanol.
Providential Tides: the Double Low Water of Narragansett Bay
Authors: Bowers D. G. , Brubaker J. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate a mechanism for producing double-lows and double-highs in the semi-diurnal tide by selective amplification of higher harmonics in a resonant gulf. A double low water is observed at Providence, RI, near the head of Narragansett Bay on days when there is a flattening of the low water tidal curve at Newport, at the mouth of the bay. The flattening is caused by an unusually large quarter-diurnal component to the tide at Newport. The quarter diurnal component has the right phase (a maximum close to the time of the minimum in the semi-diurnal tide) to produce a prolonged flattening of the tidal curve around low water. The natural period of Narragansett Bay (for quarter-wavelength resonance) is close to 4 h and the quarter diurnal tide is amplified, relative to the semi-diurnal tide, within the bay. The selective amplification of the higher harmonic further prolongs the flattening effect at Providence and, occasionally, is sufficient to create a double low water at the head of the bay from quarter and semi-diurnal tides alone. More often, though, a sixth-diurnal harmonic produced within the bay, added to the flattened low water at Providence, creates the double low water. This mechanism of selective amplification of tidal harmonics could be relevant to double tides elsewhere.
Versatility of algae—exploring the potential of algae for nutrient circulation
Authors: Kuenz Anja , Grimm Daniel , Rahmann Gerold 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor feeding the world in 2100, the global agriculture, the entire food chain, as well as the behavior of all consumers must be change fundamentally. Essential resources needed to intensify agriculture and use barren land, such as phosphorus, water, and fossil fuels, are becoming increasingly scarce and expensive. An ecological form of agriculture that uses these resources more responsibly requires more land for the same yields. Therefore, new concepts for food and feed production have to be developed, in which nutrients are recycled beyond these areas. A possible starting point could be bioreactors, since these are enormously efficient and enable resource-efficient land use. Wastewater treatment as a means of nutrient recycling will be one of the most important tasks in the future. Hereby, not only the heterotrophic bioreactors currently used for this purpose but also autotrophic photobioreactors show great potential, especially if these two reactor types would be combined. Because of the ability to use inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus for their growth as well as the ability to produce a wide range of metabolites, microalgae offer an integrated approach. This review provides an overview of the potential of microalgae as components of a sustainable, circular agricultural system for feed and food production.
Evaluating rheological properties and recovery performance of polymeric anionic surfactant (PSURFC) synthesized from non-edible seed oil on heavy crude recovery
Authors: Temiloluwa Ojo , Tomiwa Oguntade , Babalola Oni 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis research focuses on heavy crude recovery using the dual recovery process of macromolecules formulated from environmentally friendly seed oil and polymer (Xanthan gum) with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. The inexpensive, non-toxic polymeric surfactant (PSURFC) is synthesized through free radical polymerization technique involving novel non-edible seed oil surfactant and xanthan gum. Rheology shows a shear-thinning behavior at room temperature indicates an improvement in the rheology on surfactant addition to the mixture. As a macromolecule, PSURFC combines dual oil recovery nature in a single component thereby influencing interfacial tension (IFT) and mobility ratio simultaneously. Its performance during enhanced oil recovery (EOR) was evaluated through core flooding, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), IFT and rheology. EOR was conducted using OFITE®’s reservoir permeability tester (RPT) as the core flooding apparatus on five set of Berea sandstone core samples. Its implementation in EOR improved oil recovery when compared with water flooding, surfactant and polymer flooding. Sequel to the conventional water flooding, efficiency of PSURFC gave additional recoveries of 54%, 60% and 70% of the initial oil in place. This result validates the ability of polymeric surfactant to effectively mobilize residual oil under typical sandstone reservoir conditions.
Refill friction stir spot and resistance spot welding of aluminium joints with large total sheet thicknesses (III-1965-19)
Authors: Schmal Christopher , Meschut Gerson 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRefill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) is a highly flexible and promising solid-state joining method for aluminium alloys. Alternatively, resistance spot welding (RSW) can be stated as an appropriate joining method which can be automated and used within a high-volume production due to short process times. Both processes do not need any additional elements and a flat surface on both sides of the joints can be realised. In order to meet the modern requirements for crash safety and structural stiffness, thermal and mechanical joining methods are mainly combined by using single-component epoxy resin adhesives. Due to an insufficient knowledge about the application of both thermal joining methods for the abovementioned material combinations combined with additional adhesives, deeper investigations were done regarding the interactions of the polymers and the joining processes. Starting with a brief presentation of the boundary conditions of the investigations and the refill friction stir spot welding and resistance spot welding of high-strength aluminium alloys with sheet thicknesses bigger than 5.8 mm, the paper introduces the process-related joint properties of friction-based and resistance-based welded joints. Afterwards, the paper discusses the influences of the process parameter on the metallographic joint formation and load-bearing capacities for a selected two-sheet and four-sheet material combination. When combining the spot welding technologies with adhesives, the process parameters of the RFSSW process have to be adapted for the two-sheet combination by adding a squeeze-out step, while for RSW, just the preholding time has to be increased. Different challenges for both joining methods are shown. For RFSSW, the gap formation has to be considered when welding big total sheet thicknesses, while for RSW, the shape of the weld nugget is more important for an appropriate joint performance. Additionally, process optimisations for less adhesive incineration will be discussed for both joining processes, and the influences of the adhesive on the joint formation will be addressed with the help of load-bearing capacity evaluations. The paper closes with specific recommendations for the realisation of refill friction stir and resistance spot-welded joints with and without adhesive in the field of Al joints with big total sheet thicknesses which meet the quality demands and an outlook for further research steps will be given.
Using the Perceptual Experience Laboratory (PEL) to simulate tourism environments for hedonic wellbeing
Authors: Baldwin Joe , Haven-Tang Claire , Gill Steve , Morgan Nigel , Pritchard Annette 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMeasuring the relationship between stress, mood and tourism in natural settings is problematic in terms of the ability to undertake detailed, systematic and accurate monitoring. This paper presents the results of a preliminary investigation into the use of an immersive simulated tourism environment to measure tourisms’ potential to alleviate physiological and psychological stress and enhance mood. The objectives of the study were to record and analyse participants’ heart-rate data before, during and after three experiences (workplace setting, TV-watching setting and simulated tourism setting) and to undertake completion of mood questionnaires before and after each of these three experiences, allowing comparative pre- and post-mood analysis. Qualitative data was also gathered from the participants about these three experiences, in particular the simulated tourism environment. The preliminary results demonstrate that PEL effectively creates a simulated tourism environment which can be used for measuring stress and mood as signifiers of hedonic wellbeing.
Snackomat - A Vending Machine To Create Positive Experiences By Bringing People In Contact And Initiating Small Talk In Waiting Situations
Authors: Burmester Michael , Laib Magdalena , Tille Ralph 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe “Snackomat” is a vending machine offering snacks for free, installed in waiting situations, and is designed to initiate small talk and therewith to create a positive experience. Here, we experimentally compare the effect on user experience of the Snackomat to the effect of a coffee machine as control condition with 58 participants. Participants’ behaviour was observed in waiting situations where observers were blind to the study’s objective. The two experimental conditions were compared with an analysis of covariance. The alpha levels were Bonferroni corrected. Significant results with strong effect size indicate that the Snackomat was more effective in creating positive experiences than a coffee machine in a control condition. However, the experimental setting most likely attenuated differences between the two conditions. Future studies should thus replicate the findings in a natural setting. Nevertheless the Snackomat is a promising application example of designing for positive experiences.
“And Now Close Your Eyes or Lower Your Gaze”: Exploring Novice Meditators and Their Attentional Processes During Meditation
Authors: Sprawson Isabella , Wood Jeffrey , Mantzios Michail 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBrief mindfulness meditation practices are associated with a wealth of benefits; however, factors that may influence the success of meditation sessions have rarely been explored. The present study explored the effects of the visual environment as a factor of successful meditation. Eye-tracking techniques were employed to objectively measure attention within three attention-deviating conditions with basic meditation instructions, and the potential influence of personality traits as assessed through administering the HEXACO-60-PI, a self-report measure, to participants. Statistically significant results were uncovered regarding decreased fixation durations and increased state mindfulness scores of participants within the blank screen conditions over the two eyes-open conditions. No significant effect was found regarding fixation counts, which decreased within the blank screen condition. The findings regarding reduced state anxiety did not reach significance and there were no significant differences regarding the six personality types between conditions. The present study offers a step towards understanding how brief mindfulness meditation sessions can be optimised.
Telehealth in the times of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection for the otolaryngologist
Authors: Huang Victoria W. , Imam Sarah A. , Nguyen Shaun A. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveIn response to the American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery's recommendations to limit patient care activities in the times of SARS‐CoV‐2, many elective surgeries have been canceled without patient clinics transitioning to virtual visits. With regulations for telemedicine loosened, new possibilities for the practice of otolaryngology have opened. To address the uncertain duration of this pandemic, a review was conducted of current literature on use of telemedicine services in the current SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and in previous national emergencies to reveal the role telemedicine can play for otolaryngology practices.Data sourcesPubmed articles with an independent search query were utilized.MethodsLiterature review performed by one author searched for all published English‐language literature on telehealth in the SARS‐CoV‐2 era. Articles were considered for discussion if they provided relevant developments for telemedicine in the context of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.ResultsTelemedicine can be up‐scaled in the current SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic where exposure containment is of the utmost priority. With patient interaction possible through virtual communication, telemedicine allows continued patient care while minimizing the risk of viral spread. In the realm of otolaryngology, telemedicine has been used in the past during disasters with other studies demonstrating high diagnostic concordance with inpatient visits. Many institutions have recognized the potential for such care as they begin utilize both virtual visits and in‐person care during this pandemic.ConclusionTo limit the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2, we support the AAO‐HNS recommendation for the adoption of novel ways to employ telemedicine in this era. Many emergency departments and health care systems have the infrastructure necessary for synchronous video telemedicine visits that can be leveraged to provide quality care with patients. With the continued need to socially distance, telemedicine can protect both physicians and patients from unnecessary exposure to the virus.