bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact and outcomes of postoperative anaemia in colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review
Authors: Moncur Aileen , Chowdhary Manish , Chu Yajing , Francis Nader K 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimPreoperative anaemia is common in colorectal cancer patients. Little attention has been given to the prevalence and consequences of postoperative anaemia. The aim of this study was to systematically review the published literature and determine the knowledge of the prevalence and impact of postoperative anaemia in colorectal cancer patients.MethodsThe databases Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Medline, via EBSCOhost, were systematically searched to identify suitable articles published between 2004 and 2020. After an initial search, articles were screened and all eligible articles reporting on the prevalence of postoperative anaemia and clinical and long‐term outcome data in colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgery were included. The Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for the assessment of randomized controlled trials and the Risk of Bias 1.0 tool for non‐randomized studies were used for the assessment of bias in the studies selected in our review.ResultsSix studies, one randomized control trial and five cohort studies, were included with a total population size of 1714. The prevalence of anaemia at discharge of 76.6% was reported as the primary end‐point in only one study. The rate of red blood cell transfusion and length of hospital stay were found to be significantly increased in anaemic patients, while postoperative infection rate results were variable. Quality of life scores and overall survival at 5 years were significantly affected among anaemic patients as reported in two papers.ConclusionThe available limited evidence on postoperative anaemia indicates its high prevalence with negative impact on clinical and long‐term outcomes. Further research is required to standardize the measurement and address the true impact of correcting postoperative anaemia on functional and oncological outcomes.
I want to go home: should we abandon open surgery for treatment of rectal prolapse? Consideration of discharge destination following surgery for rectal prolapse
Authors: Jochum Sarah B. , Becerra Adan Z. , Zhang Yanyu , Santos Carlos A. Q. , Hayden Dana M. , Saclarides Theodore J. , Bhama Anuradha R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimDespite the financial and value‐based implications associated with higher levels of care at discharge, few studies have evaluated modifiable treatment factors that may optimize postacute care. The aim of this work was to assess the association between operative approach and disposition to a higher level of care and other outcomes following surgery for rectal prolapse.MethodUsing a retrospective cohort study design, the database of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was used to identify patients with rectal prolapse who underwent perineal repair or open or laparoscopic rectopexy with or without resection between 2012 and 2017. Discharge destination and 30‐day postoperative outcomes were compared using propensity score mathcing and weighting. Nomograms generated using multivariable regression calculated the risk of requiring higher levels of care upon discharge and morbidity.ResultsPropensity‐score analysis included 3000 patients [1500 in the perineal group, 580 in the open abdominal group and 920 in the minimally invasive (MIS) group]. Patients who received open abdominal surgery were more likely to require elevation of care at destination compared with those who received perineal surgery (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.22–1.24) and MIS abdominal surgery (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.18–2.76). Similar effects were seen for overall morbidity. Increased age, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists class, congestive heart failure, dependent functional status and open surgery were independent predictors of discharge to higher level of care (c‐statistic = 0.79).ConclusionOpen surgery compared with MIS and perineal surgery was associated with higher levels of discharge disposition following rectal prolapse surgery. Future research should continue to identify modifiable treatment factors that reduce poor postoperative outcomes among patients with rectal prolapse.
Role of systemic immune‐inflammation index in asthma and NSAID‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Erdogan Tuba 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveAsthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic progressive airway inflammation. Although the disease has numerous phenotypes, there are no practical biomarkers for distinguishing the phenotypes from one another. To address this challenge, we aimed to reveal whether the systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII), an important indicator of systemic inflammation and prognosis in various malignancies and vasculitis, can be used for distinguishing between asthma and NSAID‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD).MethodsThe study enrolled 105 patients (asthma: n = 69; NERD: n = 36). SII was calculated using the formula of neutrophil X platelet/lymphocyte number. Major risk factors, namely ACT score, eosinophil level, total IgE level, N‐L ratio (NLR), P‐L ratio (PLR), and SII, were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsNo significant differences were found between the clinical features of the two study groups. Patients with an SII value ≥895.6 had a probability of having NERD with a sensitivity of 30.56%, whereas those with a lower SII had a probability of having asthma with a sensitivity of 92.65%. In the logistic regression analysis, no risk factor was determined for identifying asthma or NERD. The N‐L ratio was found to be the risk factor affecting categorized SII (OR = 264.2, 95% CI 9.9–7046.5, P = 0.001).ConclusionThis is the first study to evaluate SII as a tool for differentiating asthma phenotypes. The presence of SII below the cutoff value can help exclude the diagnosis of NERD. There is a need for large‐scale prospective studies to compare different phenotypes and determine the optimal cutoff value.
Screening strategy for de novo donor‐specific HLA antibodies beyond the first year after kidney transplantation: Personalized or “one size fits all”?
Authors: Cun Hasret , Hönger Gideon , Kleiser Marc , Amico Patrizia , Wehmeier Caroline , Steiger Jürg , Dickenmann Michael , Schaub Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractScreening for de novo donor‐specific HLA antibodies (DSAs) after kidney transplantation is widely recommended. The aim of this single‐center, cross‐sectional study was to investigate the frequency of therapeutic interventions triggered by de novo DSA screening. We included 464 patients screened for de novo DSA at annual visits after a median of 5 years post‐transplant (range 1 to 19 years). Overall, de novo DSAs were detected in 55/464 patients (11.9%) with a stepwise increase of the prevalence from 4.9% at 1 year post‐transplant to 18.9% at >10 years post‐transplant. Subsequent allograft biopsies were performed in 24/55 patients (44%). The main reasons to omit biopsies were good/stable allograft function and anticipated lack of clinical consequences (eg, relevant comorbidities). Rejection processes were detected in 16/24 biopsies (67%). Therapeutic interventions were made in 18/464 screened patients (3.9%) with a significantly higher rate in the youngest quartile of patients (≤48 years; 7.9%) compared to the middle 50% (49–67 years; 3%) and the oldest quartile (≥68 years; 1.7%) (P = .03). Our study suggests that the frequency of therapeutic interventions triggered by de novo DSA screening after kidney transplantation is overall low, but significantly higher in younger patients, arguing for a personalized, age‐adapted de novo DSA screening strategy.
Infectious complications in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: Review of transplant‐related risk factors and current state of prophylaxis
Authors: Akhmedov Mobil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is a complex procedure that carries a significant risk of complications. Infections are among the most common of them. Several direct factors such as neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphopenia, mucosal barrier injury, and graft‐versus‐host disease have been shown to be associated with increased infectious risk post‐transplant. Apart from direct factors, there are also indirect transplant‐related factors that are the primary trigger to the formers' development. The most important of them are type of preparative regimen, graft source, donor type, graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis, and graft manipulation techniques. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the role of the transplant‐related factors in the development of infectious complications and provide evidence underlying the current concept of infectious disease prophylaxis in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Toward telemedicine‐compatible physical functioning assessments in kidney transplant candidates
Authors: Watford Daniel J. , Cheng Xingxing S. , Han Jialin , Stedman Margaret R. , Chertow Glenn M. , Tan Jane C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFrailty is associated with adverse kidney transplant outcomes and can be assessed by subjective and objective metrics. There is increasing recognition of the value of metrics obtainable remotely. We compared the self‐reported SF‐36 physical functioning subscale score (SF‐36 PF) with in‐person physical performance tests (6‐min walk and sit‐to‐stand) in a prospective cohort of kidney transplant candidates. We assessed each metric's ability to predict time to the composite outcome of waitlist removal or death, censoring at transplant. We built time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves and calculated the area under the curve [AUC(t)] at 1 year, using bootstrapping for internal validation. In 199 patients followed for a median of 346 days, 41 reached the composite endpoint. Lower SF‐36 PF scores were associated with higher risk of waitlist removal/death, with every 10‐point decrease corresponding to a 16% increase in risk. All models showed an AUC(t) of 0.83–0.84 that did not contract substantially after internal validation. Among kidney transplant candidates, SF‐36 PF, obtainable remotely, can help to stratify the risk of waitlist removal or death, and may be used as a screening tool for poor physical functioning in ongoing candidate evaluation, particularly where travel, increasing patient volume, or other restrictions challenge in‐person assessment.
Genetic and demographic trends from rear to leading edge are explained by climate and forest cover in a cold‐adapted ectotherm
Authors: Dupoué Andréaz , Trochet Audrey , Richard Murielle , Sorlin Mahaut , Guillon Michaël , Teulieres‐Quillet Jules , Vallé Clément , Rault Cyrielle , Berroneau Maud , Berroneau Matthieu , Lourdais Olivier , Blaimont Pauline , Bertrand Romain , Pottier Gilles , Calvez Olivier , Guillaume Olivier , Le Chevalier Hugo , Souchet Jérémie , Le Galliard Jean‐François , Clobert Jean , Aubret Fabien 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimDetermining whether altitudinal shifts in species distributions leave molecular footprints on wild populations along their range margins from rear to leading edge.LocationSouth‐west France.MethodsWe compared the demographic and genetic variation in 42 wild populations of the Western oviparous subclade B2 of a cold‐adapted lizard (Zootoca vivipara louislantzi). These populations can be divided into four ecological units across altitudinal clines in South‐west France (rear edge: <100 m, admixture zone: 100–500 m, continuous range: 500–1,300 m and leading edge: >1,300 m above sea level).ResultsWithin the rear edge were found the highest levels of inbreeding, genetic differentiation and evidence of interrupted gene flow compared to central or colonizing areas. Within the leading edge, altitudinal range expansion occurred over the last centuries and populations showed relatively low genetic diversity. These demographic and genetic trends were better explained by inhospitable (warm and dry) climate conditions and forest cover.Main conclusionsThis empirical evidence illustrates that molecular footprints of climate conditions and habitat quality on wild population trends can be perceived after recent events, which should be of particular importance to accurately understand and anticipate human‐induced global change on wild species and ecosystems.
Delayed age at menarche in chronic respiratory diseases
Authors: Gaudino Rossella , Dal Ben Sarah , Cavarzere Paolo , Volpi Sonia , Piona Claudia , Boner Attilio , Antoniazzi Franco , Piacentini Giorgio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveAge at menarche (AAM) is an important indicator of physiological development in women, and delayed AAM has been associated with chronic illnesses. We investigated predictive factors at diagnosis that influence AAM in adolescents with chronic respiratory diseases.Study designAAM was assessed in 1207 northern Italian female aged 11‐24 (1062 healthy, 98 with asthma and 47 with cystic fibrosis [CF]). AAM was defined by recall and status quo methods. We studied anthropometric data, metabolic status, diagnosis parameters, presence of irregular menses. Clinical data of subjects with chronic respiratory illness were compared with that of healthy adolescents.ResultsMean AAM for healthy adolescents was 12.49 ± 1.2 years. Mother's AAM was positively associated with that of their daughters (P < .001). BMI was negatively correlated with AAM (P < .001). 69% of healthy adolescents referred regular menses. AAM in the different groups was 12.79 ± 3.0 years for patients with asthma (P < .05 vs healthy) and 13.24 ± 1.44 years for adolescents with CF (P < .0001 vs healthy). In the asthmatic group, 57% of the patients referred regular menses, and no significant differences were found between AAM and control of the disease (ACT test). In the CF group, no correlation was found between the type of CFTR mutation or FEV1% and AAM. 53% of the patients with CF referred regular menses.ConclusionsAAM in patients with CF and asthma was significantly higher than in healthy adolescents, and menses abnormalities were observed in the last two groups. Inflammation influences the reproductive function in chronic respiratory disease.
Presidential antagonism and central bank credibility
Authors: Binder Carola 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper uses an online survey experiment to study how President Trump's criticism of the Federal Reserve may affect consumers' long‐run inflation expectations, confidence in the Fed, and responsiveness to information about inflation. A random subset of respondents view one of President Trump's critical tweets about the Fed, or the tweet plus aWashington Postarticle discussing the President as a threat to the Fed's independence. All respondents provide long‐run inflation forecasts, before and after receiving information about past inflation and the Fed's inflation target. Finally, respondents rate their confidence in the President and the Fed. Respondents who view the tweet or tweet plus article have final long‐run inflation forecasts that are farther from the Fed's target after exposure to information about the Fed's target and recent inflation. Exposure to the tweet plus news article has a polarizing effect on confidence, increasing the share of respondents with high confidence in either the Fed or the President.
Environmental drivers of ant dominance in a tropical rainforest canopy at different spatial scales
Authors: Antoniazzi Reuber , Guevara Roger , García‐Franco José , Janda Milan , Leponce Maurice , Dáttilo Wesley 
Published: November 2020

Tropical trees accommodate a high co‐occurrence of ant species, mainly due to the high diversity of microhabitats available. However, a few ant species are highly abundant, dominating resources and defending territories in tree canopies. Although arboreal ants have been studied extensively, little is known about the structural drivers of ant spatial dominance in tropical rainforest canopies.This study investigated whether canopy tree microhabitats and micro‐environmental factors (given by branch characteristics and spatial position of sampling points within tree crowns) are determinants of ant presence and species composition in a Mexican tropical rainforest. It also analysed whether whole tree characteristics, that is, the tree canopy, given by tree size and epiphyte/climbing plant richness and abundance, could determine ant spatial dominance of food resources.This study found a higher probability of ant presence on baits lower in the canopy, probably a result of ants foraging in the zones between the treetops and the ground layer. No microhabitat or micro‐environmental variables were related to ant species composition. It also observed less dissimilarity of species composition between baits and between trees than between plots, revealing that each plot presents a unique set of species.Moreover, increased tree height and epiphyte/climbing plant abundance (i.e., structural heterogeneity and greater foraging area) and lower epiphyte/climbing plant richness led to decreasing ant dominance.This study's findings reveal that, while micro‐environmental factors have almost no influence on the foraging of dominant ant species within canopy trees, the size and heterogeneity of trees shape ants' spatial dominance.
Long non‐coding RNA LINC00665 promotes melanoma cell growth and migration via regulating the miR‐224‐5p/VMA21 axis
Authors: Wang Xiaonan , Wang Yanbing , Lin Feifei , Xu Meng , Zhao Xin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMelanoma is an aggressive malignant skin tumor endangering the health of patients. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly reported to be implicated in the carcinogenesis of melanoma. Long intergenic non‐coding RNA 00665 (LINC00665) has been found to exert important regulatory roles in some cancers, yet its function in melanoma remains to be investigated. QRT‐PCR analysis was conducted to evaluate the relative expression of RNAs. Functional experiments in vitro including colony formation, EdU, wound‐healing and transwell assays, as well as in vivo xenograft assays, were utilized to study the role of LINC00665 in melanoma. Mechanical experiments were implemented to probe into the molecular linkage of LINC00665, miR‐224‐5p and VMA21. LINC00665 was abnormally highly expressed in melanoma cells. Silencing LINC00665 could inhibit the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells. LINC00665 sponged miR‐224‐5p to upregulate VMA21. VMA21 knockdown exerted similarly interfering effects on above biological processes in melanoma cells. However, VMA21 overexpression abolished the in vitro and in vivo outcomes of LINC00665 silencing. LINC00665 promotes proliferative and migrating abilities of melanoma cells via targeting miR‐224‐5p/VMA21 axis.
Gre factors prevent thermal and mechanical stresses induced by terahertz irradiation during transcription
Authors: Imashimizu Masahiko , Tanaka Masahito , Hoshina Hiromichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring transcription in cells, the transcription complex consisting of RNA polymerase, DNA and nascent RNA is exposed to fluctuating temperature and pressure. However, little is known about the mechanism of transcriptional homeostasis under fluctuating physical parameters. In this study, we generated these fluctuating parameters using pulsed local heating and acoustic waves in the reaction system of transcription by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, using a terahertz free‐electron laser. We demonstrated that transcription processes, including abortive initiation and elongation pausing, and the fidelity of elongation are significantly affected by the laser‐based local perturbations. We also found that all these functional alternations in the transcription process are almost completely mitigated by the presence of Gre proteins. It is well known that Gre proteins enhance RNA cleavage of polymerase by binding to the pore structure termed secondary channel. Recently, the chaperone activities have also been proposed for Gre proteins, yet the details directly associated with transcription are largely unknown. Our finding indicates that Gre proteins are necessary for maintaining transcriptional homeostasis under thermal and mechanical stresses.
Is medullary carcinoma of the colon underdiagnosed? An audit of poorly differentiated colorectal carcinomas in a large national health service teaching hospital
Authors: Scott Nigel , West Nick P , Cairns Alison , Rotimi Olorunda 
Published: November 2020

AimsMedullary carcinoma is an uncommon colorectal tumour which appears poorly differentiated histologically. Consequently, it may be confused with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS). The principal aim of this study was to review a large series of poorly differentiated colorectal cancers resected at a large National Health Service (NHS) Teaching Hospital to determine how often medullary carcinomas were misclassified . Secondary aims were to investigate how often neuroendocrine differentiation or metastatic tumours were considered in the differential diagnosis, and compare clinico‐pathological features between medullary and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma NOS.Methods and resultsHistology slides from 302 colorectal cancer resections originally reported as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were reviewed and cases fulfilling World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria for medullary carcinoma identified. The original pathology report was examined for any mention of medullary phenotype, consideration of neuroendocrine differentiation or consideration of metastasis from another site. Clinico‐pathological features were compared to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma NOS.Only one‐third of medullary carcinomas were correctly identified between 1997 and 2018. The other two‐thirds were reported as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma NOS. The possibility of an extracolonic origin or neuroendocrine carcinoma was considered in 21 and 27% of reports. Most medullary carcinomas exhibited mismatch repair deficiency, were located in ascending colon and caecum and had a lower rate of vascular channel invasion and lymph node metastasis compared to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.ConclusionsMedullary carcinoma of the colon is often mistaken for poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma NOS and occasionally for neuroendocrine or metastatic carcinoma. Greater familiarity with morphological criteria and use of mismatch repair protein staining should improve diagnosis.
Highly‐stable, nondegradable M2A‐reinforced YSZ ceramic composites prepared by SPS
Authors: Abdelgawad Mahmoud , Li Shufeng , Ewais Emad M. M. , El‐Gamal Safaa. M. A. , Hou Xiaodong , Zhang Xin , Pan Deng , El‐Amir Ahmed A. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMagnesia‐rich spinel (M2A)‐reinforced yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic composites have been fabricated by SPS using m‐ZrO2, Y2O3, and waste‐derived M2A powders. The results showed that m‐ZrO2 in M2A‐free YSZ0 specimen is partially stabilized upon temperature rising into tetragonal phase whereas YSZ10‐50 composites containing 10‐50 wt% M2A demonstrated variant behavior where their m‐ZrO2 is stabilized into a cubic form. YSZ10‐50 composites SPSed at 1400°C for 30 minutes revealed greater than 99% relative density, 10‐13 GPa Vickers hardness, 3.5‐5 MPa m0.5 fracture toughness and less than 0.5% apparent porosity. Aging hydration test for five hours soaking at 134°C and water vapor pressure of 2 bar, resulted in a conversion of ~2.8% of t‐ZrO2 to m‐ZrO2 for M2A‐free YSZ0 composite but it does not affect the YSZ10‐50 composites. The outcomes indicate that M2A has significantly improved both the densification and stabilization behavior of m‐ZrO2 through facilitating the diffusion of Y3+, Mg2+, and Al3+ ions inside zirconia lattice structure. In this regard, this study opens the door wide for producing fully stabilized c‐ZrO2 ceramics that could be potentially utilized as industrial ceramics for a broad scope of structural applications of high temperature, high‐stress and corrosive environmental conditions.