bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who is taking care of the Chinese functionally impaired older people? The characteristics of family caregivers from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zhou Jianfang , Yang Lu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate caregiving in terms of personal, family and living arrangement among Chinese functionally impaired older people.MethodsA secondary cross‐sectional analysis of data obtained from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was performed. Among 6,252 participants aged 65 years or older, people with at least one indicator of Activities of Daily Living Scales (ADLs) of disabilities were included in this research. Statistical analyses included chi‐square tests and multiple logistic regression modelling.ResultsData of 973 functionally impaired people aged 65 and over, and 2772 adult offspring were extracted and analysed. The level of impairment, age, gender, marital status of the functionally impaired older people, adult offspring's income and living status were significantly associated with caregiving types.ConclusionThis research describes the characteristics of functionally impaired older people and their caregivers, which may help improve the efficiency, quality and equity within the Chinese social care system.
Strategic Allocation of Irrevocable and Durable Benefits
Authors: Frey Anderson 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe logic behind redistribution theories is that incumbents target benefits to build and sustain linkages with voters. However, a recent literature shows that some benefits can have a countervailing effect in environments plagued by clientelism: by permanently boosting voters' incomes, irrevocable and durable benefits might reduce their dependence on incumbents. This article explains how parties strategically allocate these benefits when trading off the income effect relative to the standard electoral rewards of redistribution. The theory highlights a previously unstudied rationale to target opposition areas: to weaken voters' dependence on machines. The framework is tested with administrative data on the allocation of cisterns by state governments across Brazilian semi‐arid municipalities, where clientelism is rampant. States favor areas governed by copartisans, but only where local clientelistic mobilization is weak. Where it is strong, states favor municipalities led by the opposition, while avoiding their own local strongholds.
ZFHX3 knockdown dysregulates mitochondrial adaptations to tachypacing in atrial myocytes through enhanced oxidative stress and calcium overload
Authors: Lkhagva Baigalmaa , Lin Yung‐Kuo , Chen Yao‐Chang , Cheng Wan‐Li , Higa Satoshi , Kao Yu‐Hsun , Chen Yi‐Jen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the role of zinc finger homeobox 3 gene (ZFHX3) in tachypacing‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and explore its molecular mechanisms and potential as a therapeutic target in atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsThrough a bioluminescent assay, a patch clamp, confocal fluorescence and fluorescence microscopy, microplate enzyme activity assays and Western blotting, we studied ATP and ADP production, mitochondrial electron transfer chain complex activities, ATP‐sensitive potassium channels (IKATP), mitochondrial oxidative stress, Ca2+ content, and protein expression in control and ZFHX3 knockdown (KD) HL‐1 cells subjected to 1 and 5‐Hz pacing for 24 hours.ResultsCompared with 1‐Hz pacing, 5‐Hz pacing increased ATP and ADP production, IKATP, phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase and inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) protein expression. Tachypacing induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and Ca2+ overload in both cell types. Furthermore, under 1‐ and 5‐Hz pacing, ZFHX3 KD cells showed higher IKATP, ATP and ADP production, mitochondrial oxidative stress and Ca2+ content than control cells. Under 5‐Hz pacing, 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB; 3 μmol/L, an IP3R inhibitor) and MitoTEMPO (10 µmol/L, a mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant) reduced ADP and increased ATP production in both cell types; however, only 2‐APB significantly reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ overload in control cells. Under 5‐Hz pacing, mitochondrial oxidative stress was significantly reduced by both MitoTEMPO and 2‐APB and only by 2‐APB in control and ZFHX3 KD cells respectively.ConclusionZFHX3 KD cells modulate mitochondrial adaptations to tachypacing in HL‐1 cardiomyocytes through Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress and metabolic disorder. Targeting IP3R signalling or oxidative stress could reduce AF.
Ecological conditions during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition (MIS 3) in Iberia: the cold‐adapted faunal remains from Mainea, northern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Rodríguez‐Almagro Manuel , Sala Nohemi , Wiβing Christoph , Arriolabengoa Martin , Etxeberria Francisco , Rios‐Garaizar Joseba , Gómez‐Olivencia Asier 
Published: December 2020

Cold‐adapted faunal populations shifted southwards during the coldest episodes of the Middle and Late Pleistocene, reaching the Iberian Peninsula. In this context, some of these species, such as Coelodonta antiquitatis and Mammuthus primigenius extended throughout the territory, leaving evidence in, at least, 35 and 29 sites, respectively; however, in most cases, the evidence is scarce. Here we present the fossil assemblage from Mainea cave (Uitzi, Navarre, northern Iberian Peninsula), one of the sites yielding cold‐adapted faunal remains closer to the Pyrenees. The cave possibly acted as a natural trap due to its external geomorphology (a sinkhole) and the absence of aerial exposure, anthropogenic marks or evidence compatible with this site being a hyena den. This site has yielded the most evidence of Coelodonta antiquitatis remains (NISP = 190) and one of the most abundant in terms of number of individuals (five, each with different ages at death) for the Iberian Peninsula, five remains attributed to a single Mammuthus primigenius and a single Cervus elaphus remain. The direct dating of a woolly rhinoceros tooth (46 354–44 428 2σ cal. a BP) places Mainea within MIS 3, between the H4 and H5 Heinrich Events, during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition, within a context of changes in human behaviour and human species replacement in Europe. We have performed the first collagen isotopic analysis for a woolly rhinoceros from the Iberian Peninsula. The δ13C and δ15N values of the Coelodonta antiquitatis remains are similar to other European sites, thus suggesting the presence of Mammoth steppe environments at relatively high altitudes, which would compensate for the southern latitude. This would be consistent with the presence of open environments in lower altitudes. This site expands our understanding of the ecology of cold‐adapted faunas at their furthest southern range limit during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition.
Primary tumour resection for synchronously metastatic phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma: A population‐based study
Authors: Wu Kan , Zhou Chuan , Liu Zhihong , Lu Yiping , Li Xiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContextUntil recently, there are few effective treatment options for patients with synchronous metastatic phaeochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL). Surgical resection may improve the survival outcomes of these patients.ObjectiveTo assess the role of surgical resection of the primary tumour in patients with synchronous metastatic PHEO and PGL.DesignRetrospective analysis of patients with synchronous metastatic PHEO/PGL using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1988–2016).PatientsPatients with synchronous metastatic PHEO/PGL who underwent primary tumour resection.MeasurementsOverall survival and Cox regression analyses.ResultsA total of 99 patients with metastatic PHEO and 127 metastatic PGL patients were identified from the SEER database. Compared to metastatic PHEO, metastatic PGL patients had a better overall survival (5‐year survival rate: 33.3% vs. 49.0%, p = .001). In metastatic PHEO patients, 53 (53.5%) patients underwent surgery for primary site. Surgically treated patients had an improved survival compared to non‐surgery patients (5‐year survival rate: 50.9% vs. 29.6%, p = .017). Among metastatic PGL patients, primary tumour resection was performed in 74 (58.3%) patients and had no significant effect on the survival of metastatic PGL. In sub‐analyses, surgery only conferred a survival benefit in patients with primary tumours originated from aortic/carotid bodies, rather than other sites or abdominal tumours.ConclusionOur findings suggest that primary tumour resection is associated with improved survival in patients with synchronous metastatic PHEO and those with PGL diseases located in aortic/carotid bodies. In addition, PHEO and PGL should be treated as two distinct clinical entities.
Total evidence and sensitivity phylogenetic analyses of egg‐brooding frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae)
Authors: Echevarría Lourdes Y. , De la Riva Ignacio , Venegas Pablo J. , Rojas‐Runjaic Fernando J.M. , R. Dias Iuri , Castroviejo‐Fisher Santiago 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study the phylogenetic relationships of egg‐brooding frogs, a group of 118 neotropical species, unique among anurans by having embryos with large bell‐shaped gills and females carrying their eggs on the dorsum, exposed or inside a pouch. We assembled a total evidence dataset of published and newly generated data containing 51 phenotypic characters and DNA sequences of 20 loci for 143 hemiphractids and 127 outgroup terminals. We performed six analytical strategies combining different optimality criteria (parsimony and maximum likelihood), alignment methods (tree‐ and similarity‐alignment), and three different indel coding schemes (fifth character state, unknown nucleotide, and presence/absence characters matrix). Furthermore, we analyzed a subset of the total evidence dataset to evaluate the impact of phenotypic characters on hemiphractid phylogenetic relationships. Our main results include: (i) monophyly of Hemiphractidae and its six genera for all our analyses, novel relationships among hemiphractid genera, and non‐monophyly of Hemiphractinae according to our preferred phylogenetic hypothesis; (ii) non‐monophyly of current supraspecific taxonomies of Gastrotheca, an updated taxonomy is provided; (iii) previous differences among studies were mainly caused by differences in analytical factors, not by differences in character/taxon sampling; (iv) optimality criteria, alignment method, and indel coding caused differences among optimal topologies, in that order of degree; (v) in most cases, parsimony analyses are more sensitive to the addition of phenotypic data than maximum likelihood analyses; (vi) adding phenotypic data resulted in an increase of shared clades for most analyses.
Effects and mechanisms of basic fibroblast growth factor on the proliferation and regenerative profiles of cryopreserved dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Luo Lihua , Zhang Yanni , Chen Hongyu , Hu Fengting , Wang Xiaoyan , Xing Zhenjie , Albashari Abdullkhaleg Ali , Xiao Jian , He Yan , Ye Qingsong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesVarious factors could interfere the biological performance of DPSCs during post‐thawed process. Yet, little has been known about optimization of the recovery medium for DPSCs. Thus, our study aimed to explore the effects of adding recombinant bFGF on DPSCs after 3‐month cryopreservation as well as the underlying mechanisms.Materials and methodsDPSCs were extracted from impacted third molars and purified by MACS. The properties of CD146+ DPSCs (P3) were identified by CCK‐8 and flow cytometry. After cryopreservation for 3 months, recovered DPSCs (P4) were immediately supplied with a series of bFGF and analysed cellular proliferation by CCK‐8. Then, the optimal dosage of bFGF was determined to further identify apoptosis and TRPC1 channel through Western blot. The succeeding passage (P5) from bFGF pre‐treated DPSCs was cultivated in bFGF‐free culture medium, cellular proliferation and stemness were verified, and pluripotency was analysed by neurogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.ResultsIt is found that adding 20 ng/mL bFGF in culture medium could significantly promote the proliferation of freshly thawed DPSCs (P4) through suppressing apoptosis, activating ERK pathway and up‐regulating TRPC1. Such proliferative superiority could be inherited to the succeeding passage (P5) from bFGF pre‐stimulated DPSCs, meanwhile, stemness and pluripotency have not been compromised.ConclusionsThis study illustrated a safe and feasible cell culture technique to rapidly amplify post‐thawed DPSCs with robust regenerative potency, which brightening the future of stem cells banking and tissue engineering.
Globally consistent reef size spectra integrating fishes and invertebrates
Authors: Heather Freddie J. , Blanchard Julia L. , Edgar Graham J. , Trebilco Rowan , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe frequency distribution of individual body sizes in animal communities (i.e. the size spectrum) provides powerful insights for understanding the energy flux through food webs. However, studies of size spectra in rocky and coral reef communities typically focus only on fishes or invertebrates due to taxonomic and data constraints, and consequently ignore energy pathways involving the full range of macroscopic consumer taxa. We analyse size spectra with co‐located fish and mobile macroinvertebrate data from 3369 reef sites worldwide, specifically focusing on how the addition of invertebrate data alters patterns. The inclusion of invertebrates steepens the size spectrum, more so in temperate regions, resulting in a consistent size spectrum slope across latitudes, and bringing slopes closer to theoretical expectations based on energy flow through the system. These results highlight the importance of understanding contributions of both invertebrates and fishes to reef food webs worldwide.
Dysphagia in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease as a surrogate of brain involvement?
Authors: Pawlitzki Marc , Ahring Sigrid , Rolfes Leoni , Dziewas Rainer , Warnecke Tobias , Suntrup‐Krueger Sonja , Wiendl Heinz , Klotz Luisa , Meuth Sven G. , Labeit Bendix 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) are demyelinating disorders that typically affect the optic nerves and the spinal cord. However, recent studies have demonstrated various forms of brain involvement indicating encephalitic syndromes, which consequently are included in the diagnostic criteria for both. Swallowing is processed in a distributed brain network and is therefore disturbed in many neurological diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in NMOSD and MOGAD using flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) as a surrogate parameter of brain involvement.MethodsThirteen patients with NMOSD and MOGAD (mean age 54.2 ± 18.6 years, six men) who received FEES during clinical routine were retrospectively reviewed. Their extent of oropharyngeal dysphagia was rated using an ordinal dysphagia severity scale. FEES results were compared to a control group of healthy individuals. Dysphagia severity was correlated with the presence of clinical and radiological signs of brain involvement, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the occurrence of pneumonia.ResultsOropharyngeal dysphagia was present in 8/13 patients, including six patients without other clinical indication of brain involvement. Clinical or subclinical swallowing impairment was significantly more severe in patients with NMOSD and MOGAD compared to the healthy individuals (p = 0.009) and correlated with clinical signs of brain involvement (p = 0.038), higher EDSS (p = 0.006) and pneumonia (p = 0.038).ConclusionOropharyngeal dysphagia can occur in NMOSD and MOGAD and might be associated with pneumonia and disability. FEES may help to detect subclinical brain involvement.
A physiologically validated rat model of term birth asphyxia with seizure generation after, not during, brain hypoxia
Authors: Ala‐Kurikka Tommi , Pospelov Alexey , Summanen Milla , Alafuzoff Aleksander , Kurki Samu , Voipio Juha , Kaila Kai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveBirth asphyxia (BA) is often associated with seizures that may exacerbate the ensuing hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. In rodent models of BA, exposure to hypoxia is used to evoke seizures, that commence already during the insult. This is in stark contrast to clinical BA, in which seizures are typically seen upon recovery. Here, we introduce a term‐equivalent rat model of BA, in which seizures are triggered after exposure to asphyxia.MethodsPostnatal day 11–12 male rat pups were exposed to steady asphyxia (15 min; air containing 5% O2 + 20% CO2) or to intermittent asphyxia (30 min; three 5 + 5‐min cycles of 9% and 5% O2 at 20% CO2). Cortical activity and electrographic seizures were recorded in freely behaving animals. Simultaneous electrode measurements of intracortical pH, Po2, and local field potentials (LFPs) were made under urethane anesthesia.ResultsBoth protocols decreased blood pH to <7.0 and brain pH from 7.3 to 6.7 and led to a fall in base excess by 20 mmol·L–1. Electrographic seizures with convulsions spanning the entire Racine scale were triggered after intermittent but not steady asphyxia. In the presence of 20% CO2, brain Po2 was only transiently affected by 9% ambient O2 but fell below detection level during the steps to 5% O2, and LFP activity was nearly abolished. Post‐asphyxia seizures were strongly suppressed when brain pH recovery was slowed down by 5% CO2.SignificanceThe rate of brain pH recovery has a strong influence on post‐asphyxia seizure propensity. The recurring hypoxic episodes during intermittent asphyxia promote neuronal excitability, which leads to seizures only after the suppressing effect of the hypercapnic acidosis is relieved. The present rodent model of BA is to our best knowledge the first one in which, consistent with clinical BA, behavioral and electrographic seizures are triggered after and not during the BA‐mimicking insult.
Christ’s Love amid Pandemic
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn 2022, the 11th Assembly of the World Council of Churches is to take place in Karlsruhe, Germany, at a time when nations are searching for the strength to rise out of the ashes of COVID‐19. The assembly theme, “Christ’s love moves the world to reconciliation and unity,” reflects God’s vision for creation. The focus on Christ’s love and its inherent power to move the world to reconciliation and solidarity is necessary, as the assembly will gather amid perplexity, anxiety, and fundamental existential, structural, and societal questions. These questions are related to humanity’s place in creation: how we inhabit the earth and make sense of our own lives and the lives of other creatures and how we seek to develop collective human conscience to live justly and peacefully together in God’s world.
The Unifying and Catholizing Love of Christ in a Time of Pandemic
Authors: Koopman Nico 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the meaning of Christ’s unifying and catholizing love in a time of COVID‐19. The love of Christ is trinitarian love. It is the love of Christ on the cross. It is the love of the father, mother, parent who sent Jesus to the cross. It is the love of the Spirit who is also the comforter who actualizes, operationalizes, and makes tangible the love of the triune God. This love of the cross is a unifying love, a love that creates unity between God and God’s creatures, unity among God’s people and creatures, global and ecumenical unity, unity in diversity, unity in concreteness and visibility, unity not from a distance, but unity in proximity. This sacrificial love of Christ is a catholizing love, a love that brings into being the catholicity of God’s people and creatures; catholicity in all ages, all places, and in truth; catholicity as catholicity in particularity and not in vague universality; catholicity as partisanship for the sake of the universal. The time of the COVID‐19 pandemic has intensified existing challenges and concerns. Of major concern are the increase of social alienation and social exclusion (local and global) and the decrease of social cohesion and social solidarity in a world of inequality. The well‐intended use of the expression “social distancing” instead of “physical distancing” might lend momentum to social alienation and exclusion.
The Church is Permanently Underway
Authors: Fujiwara Sawako 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article examines the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the unity of the human community in Japan, specifically Tokyo, where the 2020 Olympic Games have been postponed until 2021. This allows reflection on the issue of ecclesiology during this time of uncertainty. First, the article describes the critical response of the ecumenical leaders to the country’s first‐ever declaration of a state of emergency. Second, it reflects upon the impact of the compulsion to conform to intolerant social order and the neoliberal “self‐responsibility theory” that abandons the most vulnerable in society. Third, it explores the relationship between Tokyo and the Olympics, which has been inextricably linked to the aim of national unity. Finally, this article draws the conclusion that we must steer clear of any “unity” that conceals a deeper disunity. Therefore, the church must distance itself from both the “self‐responsibility theory” and the enthusiasm of nationalism and instead work toward the restoration of the human community and the renewal of the church, which are currently the main issues of concern.
Efficacy and safety of fibrinogen concentrate for on‐demand treatment of bleeding and surgical prophylaxis in paediatric patients with congenital fibrinogen deficiency
Authors: Djambas Khayat Claudia , Lohade Sunil , D’Souza Fulton , Shamanur Latha Gowda , Zekavat Omid Reza , Kruzhkova Irina , Schwartz Bruce , Solomon Cristina , Knaub Sigurd , Peyvandi Flora 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital fibrinogen deficiency (CFD) is a rare, inherited disorder affecting normal blood clotting function, where patients can experience severe and/or frequent bleeding episodes (BEs). Treatment with human fibrinogen concentrate (HFC) can prevent/arrest bleeding. There is a need for more data on the efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of HFC treatment in paediatric patients with CFD.MethodsHaemostatic efficacy of HFC (Fibryga®, Octapharma AG) for on‐demand treatment of bleeding and surgical prophylaxis in patients <12 years old was assessed by investigators and an Independent Data Monitoring and Endpoint Adjudication Committee (IDMEAC) based on an objective 4‐point efficacy scale. Maximum clot firmness (MCF; surrogate marker of haemostatic efficacy), single‐dose PK and safety were also assessed.ResultsOf 14 patients receiving HFC (median [range] age 6.0 years [1.0–10.0]), eight received HFC for 10 BEs, three for surgical prophylaxis and 13 for PK. The IDMEAC rated haemostatic efficacy as 100% successful for on‐demand BE treatment (95% CI 69.15–100.00) and surgical prophylaxis (95% CI 29.24–100.00). After a mean first dose of 70.78 mg/kg for BEs, mean (±SD) MCF significantly increased from pre‐treatment to 1‐hour post‐infusion (3.3 mm [±1.77]; P = 0.0002), coinciding with haemostatic efficacy. PK parameters were favourable. Two possibly related adverse events occurred, including one serious (portal vein thrombosis). No allergic/hypersensitivity reactions or deaths were observed.ConclusionHFC treatment for on‐demand treatment of BEs and surgical prophylaxis was efficacious for this ultra‐rare paediatric population with congenital afibrinogenaemia and showed a favourable PK and safety profile.