bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hundred and Eleven Cases of Subfascial Breast Augmentation in Trans Women—A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Chatterjee Sasanka Sekhar , Khanna Manoj 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHundred and eleven patients of breast augmentation in trans women operated between January 2004 and September 2019 are presented. Two surgeons conducted the study with a slightly different antibiotic regime. Only round implants were used. Till December 2017, 72 implants used were textured. Thereafter, we switched over smooth silicone gel implants more for reasons of availability than others. It was used in 39 patients. We did not notice any difference in results. Our postoperative regimes consisted of antibiotics (usually amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) for 10 days, restricted shoulder movements for 3 weeks, use of an inner brassiere and outer sports vest for 2 months. Routes of implantation were either periareolar or inframammary, former being selected as per choice of the patient, provided the hemicircumference of the areola was 4.5 cm or more. We never used transaxillary route. The implants were always placed in a subfascial pocket. Routine irrigation of the pocket with 5% povidone iodine was done before insertion of implant. From 3 weeks postoperatively, routine massage of breasts for a period of 6 to 8 weeks were advised. Complications included delayed minor wound healing problems usually in periareolar technique requiring secondary suture under local anesthesia. This was negligible with inframammary technique. Capsular contracture was found in 12 patients. Two of these merited intervention but one of them refused operation. In one patient, implant had to be extracted due to severe suppurative infection resulting from a separate incidence of traumatic injury with hematoma formation 2 weeks post operatively. Poor scarring including one keloid were noticed in 11 patients.
Considerations for Obstetric Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dotters-Katz Sarah K. , Hughes Brenna L. 
Published: April 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a growing pandemic that is impacting daily life across the globe. Though disease is often mild, in high-risk populations, severe disease often leads to intubation, intensive care admission (ICU) admission, and in many cases death. The implications for pregnancy remain largely unknown. Early data suggest that COVID-19 may not pose increased risk in the pregnant population. Vertical transmission has not been confirmed. Because no treatment, no vaccine and no herd immunity exist, social distancing is the best mechanism available to protect patients and health care workers from infection. This review will discuss what is known about the virus as it relates to pregnancy and then consider management considerations based on these data.
Key Points
The licensing of wh-in-situ questions
Authors: González Carolina , Reglero Lara 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This project investigates the intonational
characteristics of information-seeking wh-in-situ and yes/no
questions in Spanish. Data from eight Spanish-Basque bilinguals show
that while the former tend to display final rising contours, the
latter are primarily circumflex, especially in participants with
higher Basque dominance. Our results provide evidence that both
question types are licensed by a null intonational morpheme, as
proposed by Cheng and Rooryck
(2000) for French. However, this morpheme in Spanish is
encoded as an elevated high tone, rather than a rising contour.
Furthermore, Spanish wh-in-situ questions show higher tonal ranges
than in French (Déprez et al.
2013). We suggest that this results from focus assignment
on the wh-word and its obligatory placement at the end of the
intonational phrase.
The aspectual structure of the adjective
Authors: García-Pardo Alfredo , Menon Mythili 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper argues that the stage-level and
individual-level distinctions for adjectival predicates, diagnosed
in Spanish by the copulas ser and
estar, can be derived by positing a sortal
distinction in the temporal arguments in the syntax: The temporal
argument of individual-level adjectives denotes time intervals,
whereas the time argument of stage-level adjectives denotes time
instants. We provide evidence from the (un-)acceptability of certain
temporal modifiers, the progressive, and lifetime effects. We
furthermore show how our account can also explain other instances of
the ser and estar distribution
beyond adjectives, such as verbal and adjectival passives and
locative constructions with and without eventive subjects.
Syntactic and prosodic marking of subject focus in American
English and Peninsular Spanish
Authors: Sánchez-Alvarado Covadonga 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of the present study is to provide an account
of the different strategies, both syntactic and prosodic, employed
by American English and Peninsular Spanish speakers in subject focus
marking. Data obtained through parallel experimental designs
revealed that prosodic marking of focus in-situ is possible in both
languages both for informational and contrastive focus. Nonetheless,
in the expression of contrastive focus Peninsular Spanish speakers
increase the use of clefting while American English speakers exploit
prosodic strategies like creaky voice. Differences in the pitch
range implemented on focalized subjects were against the posed
prediction. This study, nonetheless, contributes to the lacking
cross-linguistic comparisons of these two languages and explores the
interconnections between syntax and prosody.
Afro-Peruvian Spanish declarative intonation
Authors: Butera Brianna , Sessarego Sandro , Rao Rajiv 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study offers an analysis of Afro-Peruvian
Spanish (APS) declarative intonation. Our findings indicate that
this dialect presents intonational features that diverge from other
varieties of Spanish. It shows minimal downstepping across
utterances and a predominant use of the L+H* pitch accent, even in
prenuclear position, where L+>H* is more commonly cited in
neutral contexts. At intermediate phrase edges, the most common APS
boundary tone is L- rather than H-, which is usually employed in
other varieties to indicate the continuation of a thought. Our
results evidence a simplified set of phonological targets, which are
analyzed as the byproduct of SLA processes that were subsequently
conventionalized and nativized at the community level by later
generations of APS speakers.
Examining the (mini-) variable swarm in the Spanish of the
Southeast
Authors: Ronquest Rebecca E. , Michnowicz Jim , Wilbanks Eric , Cortes Claudia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present investigation aims to facilitate our
understanding of Spanish in the Southeastern United States – a
region that despite its rapid growth over the last two decades, has
received little attention in the literature. Analyses of four
linguistic variables indicated that while second generation heritage
speakers produced significantly more English discourse markers than
first generation immigrants, realization of phonetic variables was
similar across groups. An examination of the overall patterns across
the four variables (i.e., “variable swarm”), however, suggests that
heritage speakers are beginning to integrate contact-induced
characteristics into their speech faster than immigrants do. By
examining multiple variables simultaneously, the present study
therefore offers important insight into the processes of new dialect
formation, convergence, and leveling in an understudied region.
Morphosyntactic integration of ideophones in Japanese and
Korean
Authors: Park Ji-Yeon 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study explores how the morphosyntactic integration
of ideophones differs between two registers of two ideophone-rich
languages, Japanese and Korean. Previous studies have demonstrated
that the iconicity and expressive power of ideophones in spoken
language are inversely correlated with their degree of grammatical
integration. Drawing on corpus data from spoken and written Japanese
and Korean, this paper argues that the morphosyntactic integration
of ideophones as measured by their verbalizability is greater (i) in
non-auditory domains than in the auditory domain, (ii) in spoken
than written discourse, and (iii) in Korean than in Japanese.
Pathways of de-iconization
Authors: Flaksman Maria 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present chapter addresses various issues of
de-iconization of iconic (mainly onomatopoeic) words, in particular,
in the course of their regular phonetic and semantic development.
These processes are described with an emphasis on word’s etymology,
examples being drawn from modern and ancient Germanic languages. The
chapter proposes a classification of various form transformations
that lead to de-iconization.
On the expressive and iconic value of enjambment from Homer to
Milton
Authors: Dainotti Paolo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Enjambment, the breaking of correspondence between meter
and syntax usually employed to avoid the monotony of verse-phrase,
is also, in some cases, exploited as an effective stylistic figure
to charge the diction with expressiveness at various levels. The aim
of my paper is to discuss the iconic expressiveness of enjambment in
epic poetry from Homer up to Milton and Tasso. I will analyse in
particular the striking type consisting of the postposition of a
single word in the next line, before a syntactic pause. This figure,
since it introduces a strong pause in reading, seems particularly
appropriate to stress significant words or to reinforce iconically
the semantics of verbs meaning a sudden, violent action, such as
that of falling down or throwing. The ‘chain’ of passages in which
the figure is employed with similar stylistic effects in different
literatures and languages sheds an important light on the
‘mechanisms’ of intertextuality, clarifying the impact and the
contribution of great Poets to the stylistic
repertoire of an entire poetic genre.
Crisscrossing James Joyce’s Ulysses
Authors: Ljungberg Christina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chiasmus fundamentally involves iconicity. As a
bi-lateral symmetrical figure that can have both an ornamental and a
rhetorical function, it occurs on all levels of texts–sounds and
graphemes, words, sentences, lines, chapters and entire books as
well as on the narrative and on the conceptual level. The chiastic
mirror-image design in which the second part is balanced against the
first is however not limited to language but also appears in art and
architecture. As recent cognitive research has shown, chiasmus forms
an important strategy through its simple but unique design. This has
to do with its spatial shape and how the crisscrossing of lines and
paths that takes place in the X-figure is cognised, perceptually and
experientially – suggesting itself as the origin of human abilities
such as forming analogies and using conceptual integration. This is
what my contribution explores, with example from James Joyce’s
Ulysses.
Show me how you feel
Authors: Kendall Lia N. , Raffaelli Quentin , Todd Rebecca M. , Kingstone Alan , Cohn Neil 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Visual representations are an ideal place to look at the
balance of iconicity and systematicity, given that visual images
often look like what they represent but also can be characterized
along a scale from highly photorealistic to highly schematic or
cartoony. Here we examine the contrast between different styles by
presenting participants with “visual morphology” of
upfixes – representations like hearts or
lightbulbs that float above faces – where the face and/or upfix are
either cartoony or photorealistic. Overall, we find that cartoony
images, relative to photorealistic images, are easier to process,
and therefore demand less attention and facilitate responding. We
argue that these results support the view that drawings, and visual
morphology, draw on schematic knowledge stored in long-term
memory.
Monocollocable words
Authors: Čermák František 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
How often do people, even native speakers, wonder, on hearing a
familiar proverb, such as Much Ado about Nothing, what ado in this proverb
really means? Most will know the proverb but their knowledge of ado is often
restricted to a particular lexical neighbourhood without realising that it
is in fact strongly and prohibitively limited to it in this way. It is not
common to give much thought to words in combinations and modes of their
combination and realise that some, such as auspices, aback, standstill, ado,
may not depend on how the speaker would like to use them and what they
choose to say but on what the language dictates to users, that is the way
how they must be used. This does not mean that there is much liberty in the
use of other words either but these limitations are not immediately obvious
as in this case: here, words are in their usage severely restricted to one
or few more combinations only. These monocollocable words (as they are
termed here), to be found, probably, in all languages, are an obstacle in
understanding a foreign language, while, on the other hand, textbooks and
dictionaries never really give the user much warning that there is a
difficulty related to them if these should be used correctly.
German constructional phrasemes and their Russian counterparts
Authors: Dobrovol’skij Dmitrij 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this article I examine a group of semi-fixed German
expressions that are irregular with regard to the relationship between form
and meaning, namely constructional phrasemes with the deictic elements
her ‘hither’ and hin ‘thither’
[vor sich her + V] and [vor sich hin +
V]. These constructions pose considerable difficulties not only for the
description of their semantics, but also for translation into other
languages. Languages such as Russian, English and French do not have exact
equivalents of the German deictic elements hin and
her. In cases where the German deictic elements
her and hin are constituents of
relatively fixed and irregular constructions, their meaning fits even less
well their standard definition. Using corpus examples, I propose a means of
describing these constructional phrasemes in a German-Russian
dictionary.
Computational extraction of formulaic sequences from corpora
Authors: Wahl Alexander , Gries Stefan Th. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We describe a new algorithm for the extraction of formulaic
language from corpora. Entitled MERGE (Multi-word Expressions from the
Recursive Grouping of Elements), it iteratively combines adjacent bigrams
into progressively longer sequences based on lexical association strengths.
We then provide empirical evidence for this approach via two case studies.
First, we compare the performance of MERGE to that of another algorithm by
examining the outputs of the approaches compared with manually annotated
formulaic sequences from the spoken component of the British National
Corpus. Second, we employ two child language corpora to examine whether
MERGE can predict the formulas that the children learn based on caregiver
input. Ultimately, we show that MERGE indeed performs well, offering a
powerful approach for the extraction of formulas.
Collecting collocations from general and specialised corpora
Authors: L'Homme Marie-Claude , Azoulay Daphnée 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Collocations are increasingly taken into account in general and
specialised repositories and methodologies to collect them are heavily based
on corpora. However, lexicographers and terminologists use different kinds
of corpora in which combinations are likely to behave according to specific
rules and/or patterns. This contribution presents a comparative analysis of
the collocational behaviour of 15 lexical items found in a general language
corpus and a specialised corpus on the theme of the environment. We
automatically extracted large sets of collocates (three lists of 50
collocates) for each lexical item and from each corpus and analyse different
facets of collocational behaviour: polysemy of lexical items,
characteristics of collocates (overlap, rank and semantic classes of
collocates, etc.). Our aim is to draw the attention of terminologists and
lexicographers to some specific factors affecting the behaviour of
collocations in specialized and general corpora.
Too big to fail but big enough to pay for their
mistakes
Authors: Stefanowitsch Anatol , Flach Susanne 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we illustrate the usefulness of the family of
methods collectively known as Collostructional Analysis for phraseological
research. Investigating two patterns, [too ADJ
to V] and [ADJ enough to V], we show
how a technique originally developed for the investigation of words and
constructions can be fruitfully applied to issues pertinent to phraseology,
such as the co-existence of compositional and idiomatic semantics and the
analysis of semantically complementary patterns more generally. To this end,
we use the three conventional methods (Simple, Distinctive and Co-varying
Collexeme Analyses) and propose a novel extension (Distinctive Co-varying
Collexeme Analysis) particularly suitable for the investigation of
complementary patterns. We show that collostructional analysis is suitable
for confirming hypotheses derived from qualitative analyses, as well as
uncovering subtle differences that are otherwise inaccessible for
non-empirical research.
Mobilizing student compliance
Authors: Stevanovic Melisa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Drawing on video-recorded violin lessons as data, the
article describes the violin teacher’s use of Finnish second-person
declarative and interrogative directives in mobilizing student compliance.
The data show that the declarative directives are regularly used when (1)
the student is already engaged in the task at hand and (2) the nominated
actions concern the basics of violin playing. The paper argues that these
directives are thus not only about mobilizing recipient action locally but
also about establishing normatively-desired behavior more generally. The
interrogative directives, then again, are typically used when (1) there has
been a momentary shortcoming in the student’s prior behavior and (2) the
nominated action is a one-time accomplishment facilitating the smooth
unfolding of the instructional encounter.
Doing more than expected
Authors: Zinken Jörg , Rossi Giovanni , Reddy Vasudevi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In informal interaction, speakers rarely thank a person
who has complied with a request. Examining data from British English,
German, Italian, Polish, and Telugu, we ask when speakers
do thank after compliance. The results show that
thanking treats the other’s assistance as going beyond what could be taken
for granted in the circumstances. Coupled with the rareness of thanking
after requests, this suggests that cooperation is to a great extent governed
by expectations of helpfulness, which can be long-standing, or built over
the course of a particular interaction. The higher frequency of thanking in
some languages (such as English or Italian) suggests that cultures differ in
the importance they place on recognizing the other’s agency in doing as
requested.
Non-singular Kerr-NUT-de Sitter spacetimes
Authors: Lewandowski Jerzy , Ossowski Maciej 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We study Killing horizons and their neighbourhoods in the Kerr–NUT–(anti-)de Sitter and the accelerated Kerr–NUT–(anti-)de Sitter spacetimes. The geometries of the horizons have an irremovable singularity at one of the poles, unless the parameters characterising the spacetimes satisfy the constraint we derive and solve in the current paper. In the Kerr-NUT-de Sitter case, the constraint relates the cosmological constant of spacetime and the horizon area, leaving 3 parameters free. In the accelerated case the acceleration becomes a 4th parameter that allows the cosmological constant to take arbitrary value, independently of the area. We find that the neighbourhoods of the non-singular horizons are non-singular too, at least in the non-extremal case. Finally, we compare the embedded horizons with previously unembedded horizons provided by the local theory of type D Killing horizons to the second order.
Weak gravitational field effects on large-scale optical interferometric Bell tests
Authors: Rivera-Tapia M , Delgado A , Rubilar G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The technological refinement of experimental techniques has recently allowed the generation of two-photon polarization-entangled states at low Earth orbit, which has been subsequently applied to quantum communications. This achievement paves the way to study the interplay between general relativity and quantum mechanics in new setups. Here, we study the generation of two-photon energy-time entangled states via large scale Franson and Hugged interferometric arrays in the presence of a weak gravitational field. We show that for certain configurations of the arrays, an entangled state emerges as a consequence of the gravitational time delay. We also show that the aforementioned arrays generate entanglement and violate the Clauser–Horne–Shymony–Holt inequality under suitable conditions even in the presence of frequency dispersion.
Ar+-sputtered Ge (001) surface nanostructuring at target temperature above the recrystallization threshold
Authors: Chowdhury Debasree , Ghose Debabrata 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Nanoscale pattern formation on Ge (001) surface by 500 eV Ar+ bombardment has been studied for a wide range of ion incidence angles at a temperature of 300° C. In the angular regime 0° to 65°, a fourfold symmetric topography forms which shows a remarkable transition into highly regular one-dimensional asymmetric pattern at grazing incidences, known as perpendicular mode ripples. The four-fold symmetric patterns are found to retain their symmetry under the concurrent substrate rotation during sputtering, while the ripples show degeneration into hole structure with a weak fourfold symmetric pattern. The dynamics of the observed patterns has also been investigated in a wide range of ion fluence from 1 × 1017 to 1 × 10 20 ions cm−2. The square topographies are found to be determined by Ehrlich–Schwoebel barrier induced diffusion bias driven growth process, whereas, the ripple formation implies the role of incidence ion beam direction.
Thermo-electro-mechanical behavior of dielectric elastomer actuators: experimental investigations, modeling and simulation
Authors: Kleo Mario , Förster-Zügel Florentine , Schlaak Helmut F , Wallmersperger Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (DEAs) are elastic parallel plate capacitors consisting of polymers as dielectric layer and compliant electrodes’. In dynamic applications with high frequencies DEAs heat up. In this work the heating is studied by experimental investigations as well as by modeling of the visco-elastic behavior of the polymer and the specific electric resistance of the electrode and of the polymer. The experimental investigations have also been performed, in order to obtain parameters for the material model. A partially coupled thermo-electro-mechanical material model is presented and used for the numerical simulations. The experimental and numerical results for the time-dependent thermal behavior show an excellent qualitative correlation. This confirms the quality of the developed multi-field model.