bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMMUNICATIVE REPERTOIRES USED BY STUDENTS WITH MULTICULTURAL BACKGROUNDS IN ESL WRITING CLASSROOM
Authors: Parlindungan Firman , Lisyati Lia 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: The objective of this study is to describe the communicative repertoires used by students with multicultural backgrounds in an ESL writing classroom. We drew upon the notion of communicative repertoires and English as an International Language (EIL) to explain how gestures, turn-taking habits, and different dialects shaped the interaction among students during the process of English language learning. Methodology: The research method was a case study in which classroom observation, field notes, interviews, and documentation were carried out as the tools for data collections. The data were then analyzed qualitatively and were discussed within various perspectives from scholars in the related discipline to explain the findings of this study. Main Findings: We found that the participants used some forms of communicative repertoires (i.e., gestures, turn-takings, and dialects) that are culturally-bound to their own heritage culture. Although the use of these traits was perceived differently among students, these communicative repertoires leveraged their English learning process situated within a dynamic bidirectional classroom interaction. Applications of this study: This study is applicable in a classroom in which students are from different cultural backgrounds. It might also be useful for a teacher who experiences teaching English for students who are culturally different from her/him. In a wider context, this study can be an additional reference for some areas of English Language Teaching (ELT) disciplines like teaching writing skills or teaching culture. Novelty/Originality of this study: The findings suggest that English teachers and students need to recognize non-linguistic elements of interaction as tools to heighten the awareness of using the language for learning. The goal is not to achieve elegant language performance, but to widen opportunities in demonstrating communicative competences, so intelligibility can be achieved.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN KECIBELING, BAKAU MERAH, DAN KATUK PADA METODE EKSTRAKSI DAN RASIO EKSTRAK YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Sulastri Lilik , Oktavia Ika , Simanjuntak Partomuan 
Published: May 2020

<em></em><em><em>Indonesian medicinal plants, such as </em>Strobilanthes crispa<em> (L.) Blume (locally known as kecibeling), red mangrove (</em>Rhizophora stylosa<em> Griff.) and star gooseberry {</em>Sauropus androgynus<em> (L.) Merr.} contain active compounds that act as antioxidants. The study aimed to determine the effect of extraction methods (maceration and infusion) on the antioxidant activity of both single extract and several combination ratios of the extracts mixture of kecibeling leaves, red mangrove leaves and star gooseberry stems. Dried powdered of the samples of a 40 mesh size were extracted using 96 % ethanol solvent (maceration method) and water solvent (infusion method). A single extract or a combination of the three-single extracts (1: 1: 1; 1: 1: 2; 1: 2: 1; and 2: 1: 1) were then evaluated for their antioxidant activity based on the free radical method 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In general, extraction method using ethanol (maceration) was better than water (infusion). Antioxidants activities from ethanol extracts of the kecibeling leaves showed the strongest activity with an inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) value of</em> <em>37.65 ppm than the infusion extracts. The combination of a single ethanol extract from the three plants at a ratio of 2: 1: 1 was synergistic, which indicated by its strongest antioxidant activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 18.78 ppm). However, it still below the antioxidant activity of vitamin C (IC<sub>50</sub> = 4.24 ppm). Ethanol extract of kecibeling leaves singly or combined with the ethanol extracts of red mangrove leaves and star gooseberry stems can be developed as a potential antioxidant.</em><br /></em>
DNA Barcoding of Medicinal Orchid Dendrobium discolor Lindl. Tanimbar Using rbcL and ITS genes
Authors: Perwitasari Dian Al Ghifari , Rohimah Siti , Ratnasari Tri , Sugiharto Bambang , Su'udi Mukhamad 
Published: May 2020

<p>Dendrobium discolor<em> Lindl., Tanimbar is one of the medicinal orchids that has been used to treat skin diseases. Morphologically, </em>D. discolor<em> Tanimbar shows similarities with </em>D. discolor<em> Merauke and </em>D. bigibbum<em>, making it challenging to identify. DNA barcoding using ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large </em>(rbcL)<em> and Internal Transcribed Spacer </em>(ITS)<em> markers expected to be used to identify </em>D. discolor<em> accurately. This study aimed to identify potential DNA sequences as barcodes for the identification of medicinal orchid </em>D. discolor<em> Tanimbar using molecular markers </em>rbcL<em> and </em>ITS<em>. The DNA genome of </em>D. discolor<em> Tanimbar was isolated and used as a template in the PCR reaction. The resulting amplicons were then sequenced. The results showed that the </em>rbcL<em> gene sequence of </em>D. discolor<em> had high homology with </em>D. salaccense<em> (Accession: LC193510.1, Prect. Ident : 99.45 %), whereas the </em>ITS<em> had high homology with </em>D. nindii <em>(Accession: AY239985.1 Identification: 98.67 %). Bioinformatics analysis showed that the </em>rbcL<em> gene sequence from </em>D. discolor<em> had more homology sequence than the </em>ITS<em>. However, the </em>ITS<em> sequence was more specific and could differentiate to species level. Based on the results of this study, the </em>ITS<em> sequence can be recommended as a molecular marker for the identification of the medicinal orchid </em>D. discolor<em> Tanimbar.</em></p>
UJI FISIK BERAS DAN UJI INDEKS GLIKEMIK NASI (MAYANG PANDAN) PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT DERAJAT SOSOH
Authors: Febriandi Erico , Syarief Rizal , Widowati Sri 
Published: May 2020

<p>Padi lokal Mayang Pandan asli Bangka Belitung yang telah diolah menjadi beras merah dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Bangka Belitung secara turun temurun. Pada penelitian sebelumnya tentang Mayang Pandan telah jelaskan bahwa beras merah ini diolah dengan penyosohan dengan derajat sosoh yang berbeda, dan telah di uji sensorisnya sehingga didapatkan nasi merah yang dikonsumsi, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat rendemen beras Mayang Pandan Senilai 66,66% dan nilai indeks glikemik nasi Mayang Pandan dari berbagai tingkat penyosohan. Didapatkan hasil yakni nasi Mayang Pandan dengan Derajat Sosoh (DS) 0% dan 80% yakni 55 (sedang) dan 61 (sedang). DS 0% mendekati klasifikasi rendah karena kandungan gizi yang ada dilapisan aleuronnya masih lengkap, sedangkan DS 80% sudah ada pengurangan kandungan zat gizinya sehingga nilai IG nya lebih tinggi. Pengujian ini dilaksanakan dengan izin persetujuan etik nomor : 02/ IT3. KEPMSM- IPB/ SK/ 2017.</p><p> </p><p>Local rice mayang pandan originated from Bangka Belitung that has been processed into brown rice that was consumed by the people of Bangka belitung from generation to generation. In previous study on mayang pandan has been explained that red rice is processed by milling with difference of milling degree and has been tested its sensory so that obtained red rice that was consumed. This study aims to determine the yield of mayang pandan rice (66.66%) and glycemic index of mayang pandan rice from various level of milling. Mayang pandan rice with 0% and 80% of milling degree have glycemic index of 55 (medium) and 61 (medium), respectively. DS 0% closed to the low classification because the nutrients content in the aleuron layer is still complete, whereas nutrients from 80% DS has been reduced so that GI values become higher. This test was conducted by permission of ethical approval number 02 / IT3. KEPMSM- IPB / SK / 2017.</p>
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PELARUT DAN TEKNIK EKSTRAKSI TERHADAP MUTU GELATIN KAKI AYAM
Authors: Miskiyah NFN , Juniawati NFN , Kamsiati Elmi 
Published: May 2020

<div><p>Proses produksi gelatin dari bahan baku alternatif diperlukan untuk mengatasi kebutuhan gelatin halal. Saat ini, terdapat batasan penggunaan gelatin, terkait dengan aspek kehalalannya. Eksplorasi proses produksi gelatin dari limbah pemotongan ayam memerlukan berbagai modifikasi agar memenuhi standar mutu gelatin yang telah ditetapkan oleh Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sifat fisikokimia gelatin yang dihasilkan dari kaki ayam dan karakteristiknya dari proses modifikasi gelatin. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah bahan pelarut (A) (A1: HCl 1%,, A2: NaOH 1%,; A3: CH3COOH 1%) dan metode ekstraksi (B) (B1: pemanasan menggunakan water bath dan B2: menggunakan panci bertekanan/presto). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kaki ayam memiliki kandungan protein yang cukup tinggi, sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk produksi gelatin. Perlakuan terbaik adalah 2 hari ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut CH3COOH 1%, dengan proses ekstraksi menggunakan water bath selama 1 jam. Rendemen gelatin 6,75 ± 1,89%; kadar air 10,41 ± 0,63%; kadar abu 3,90 ± 0,43%; kandungan lemak 9,68 ± 1,21%; kandungan protein 77,21 ± 0,58%; pH 5,62 ± 0,13; bersifat larut; viskositas 6,67 ± 1,53 cPs; kekuatan gel 164,75 ± 3,40 g bloom; kandungan residu Cu 4,52 ± 0,71 ppm; Zn 9,92 ± 0,22 ppm; As 0,000 ± 0,00 ppm; dan Sulfit 5.56 ± 0,30 ppm. Proses produksi gelatin dengan menggunakan metode asam dan proses ekstraksi dengan <em>water bath </em>belum menghasilkan gelatin yang sesuai dengan standar mutu gelatin (SNI), sehingga perlu perbaikan dalam metode ekstraksi.</p></div><div> </div>Production process of gelatin from alternatif material is needed to overcome the supply of halal gelatin. There are several obstacles to the use of gelatin, one of this related to religious aspects, that is prohibition of consuming ingredients from pigs. Explorations of production process of gelatin from waste of chicken slaughtering house need some modiifications, so can meet to the Indonesian Standard Regulation (SNI). The purpose of this research was to know the physicochemical properties of gelatin produced from chicken feet, and their characteristics from modification process of gelatin. The results showed that chicken feet has a high enough protein content, so it was potential to be used as a raw material for gelatin production. The best treatment was 2 days exraction using CH3COOH 1% solvent, followed by heating using waterbath for 1 hour. Yield of gelatin 6.75 ± 1.89%; water content 10,41 ± 0,63%; ash content 3,90 ± 0,43%; fat content 9.68 ± 1.21%; protein content 77,21 ± 0,58%; pH 5.62 ± 0.13; solubility was soluble; viscosity 6.67 ± 1.53 cPs; gel strength 164.75 ± 3.40 bloom; Cu residue content of 4.52 ± 0.71 ppm; Zn 9,92 ± 0,22 ppm; As 0,000 ± 0.00 ppm; Sulfite 5.56 ± 0.30 ppm. However, it is need improvement to reduce the fat content in gelatin product
RANCANGAN PROSES PRODUKSI FRUIT LEATHER BERBASIS PISANG SKALA USAHA KECIL MENENGAH (UKM) KAPASITAS 50KG/HARI
Authors: Kurniadi Muhamad , Nurhikmat Asep , Kusumaningrum Annisa , Amri Aldicky Faizal , Ariani Dini 
Published: May 2020

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat rancangan proses produksi fruit leather berbasis pisang skala UKM kapasitas 50 kg/hari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada tahap pertama adalah melakukan formulasi pisang dengan variasi jenis buah yaitu F1 (pisang /mangga), F2 (Pisang /nanas) dan F3 (pisang/sirsak) serta dilakukan pengujian kimia, mikrobiologi dan sensoris. Simulasi analisis kelayakan usaha dengan menggunakan kriteria kelayakan yaitu tingkat keuntungan, Benefit Cost Rasio (BCR ), IRR, NP, Break Event Point dan penentuan tata letak peralatan proses produksi. Data yang diperoleh disajikan dalam bentuk tabel, selanjutnya diolah dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula terpilih adalah F1 (pisang/mangga) mempunyai karakteristik kimia yang meliputi kadar air 18,00 %, vitamin C 115,80 mg/100g,serat pangan2,98%,pektin 12,80%, gula reduksi 12,65%, Aw 0,521 dan kuat tarik 6,37 N serta paling disukai panelis. Hasil simulasi kelayakan usaha fruit leather berbasis pisang skala UKM kapasitas 50 kg per hari layak dikembangkan, karena memenuhi kriteria kelayakan usaha yaitu : BCR 1,20; BEP (Rp) 35.111.358,57,-; BEP (unit) 5852, NPV 240.255.699,13, IRR 11,57% , rencana usaha produksi Fruit Leather lebih sensitif terhadap skenario penurunan pendapatan daripada kenaikan biaya. Tata letak peralatan produksi menggunakan bentuk U (U shape).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Fruit Leather Production Process Design Based On Middle Small Scale Business Scale (UKM) Capacity 50 Kg/ Day</strong></p><p>The aim of this research was to study about desain process of fruit leather production based on banana in home industry scale 50kg/day. The first step was formulated fruit leather based ono banana with varians of fruits i.e. F1 (banana.mango), F2 (banana/pineapple) and F3 (banana/soursop) then analyzed their characteristics (chemical, microbiology and sensory). Business properness analysis simulation used income level, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), IRR, NP, Break Event Point and production layout had been done. The data results presented in table and descriptive analyzed. The results showed that selected formula and most preferred and most by panelists was F1 (banana/mango) with water content 18%, vitamin C 115.8 mg/100g, fiber 2.98%, pectin 12.8%, reduction sugra 12.65%, water activity 0.521 and tensile strength of 6.37 N. Simulation results of business properness were BCR 1.20; BEP (Rp) 35.111.358,57; BEP (unit) 5852 NPV 240.255.699,13; IRR 11,57%. Layout of fruit leather production used U shape preferable.</p>
Drivers and their influences on variation of aboveground carbon removals in miombo woodlands of mainland Tanzania
Authors: Manyanda Bernardol John , Nzunda Emmanuel Fred , Mugasha Wilson Ancelm , Malimbwi Rogers Ernest 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Removals caused by both natural and anthropogenic drivers such as logging and fire causes substantial carbon emissions. Better insights into drivers and their variations of aboveground carbon removals is therefore needed. We assessed the drivers of aboveground carbon (AGC) removals and quantified the dynamics of removals-induced carbon emissions due to drivers using the National Forest Resources Assessment and Monitoring (NAFORMA) data sets in R software. Miombo woodlands which is the largest forest formations covering about 93% of forest land in mainland Tanzania was the case study.
Results

Drivers of AGC removals in miombo woodlands of mainland Tanzania in order of importance were; timber, fire, shifting cultivation, charcoal, natural death, firewood collection, poles, grazing by wildlife animals, carvings, grazing by domestic animals, and mining. The average AGC removals by drivers range from 0.0–1.273tCha− 1year− 1.
Conclusions

Increased mitigation efforts in addressing removals by timber, fires, shifting cultivation, charcoal and natural death would be effective in addressing forest degradation in the REDD + process in Tanzania. Since NAFORMA provides national picture on drivers and their variation on AGC removals, site-specific studies need to be conducted to bring information that would be used for local forest management. This kind of study need to be conducted in other vegetation types like Montane and Mangrove forest in Tanzania.
Gastric and Urinary Bladder Pressures Correlate with Intra-abdominal Pressure in Patients with Morbid Obesity
Authors: Hamoud Shadi , Abdelgani Siham , Mekel Michal , Kinaneh Safa , Mahajna Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) affects cardio-respiratory and hemodynamic parameters and can be measured directly or indirectly by measuring gastric or urinary bladder pressure. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between IAP, gastric pressure and urinary bladder pressure in patients with morbid obesity, at normal and elevated levels of IAP in two positions. As well, to examine the effects of increasing IAP and patient's position on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters.
Methods

Twelve patients undergoing bariatric surgery were included. IAP, gastric pressure, and urinary bladder pressure were measured while patients were in the supine position and after 45o anti-Trendelenburg tilt. Mean inspiratory pressure, peak inspiratory pressure, and tidal volume were recorded and assessed.
Results

In supine position; directly measured IAP was 9.1 ± 1.8 mmHg, compared to 10 ± 3.6 and 8.9 ± 2.9 mmHg in the stomach and bladder, respectively. Increasing IAP to 15 mmHg resulted in an increased gastric pressure of 17 ± 3.8 mmHg, and urinary bladder pressure of 14.8 ± 3.9 mmHg. Gastric and urinary bladder pressures strongly correlated with IAP (R = 0.875 and 0.847, respectively). With 45o anti-Trendelenburg tilt; directly measured IAP was 9.4 ± 2.2 mmHg, and pressures of 10.8 ± 3.8 mmHg and 9.2 ± 3.8 mmHg were measured in the stomach and the bladder, respectively. Increasing IAP to 15 mmHg resulted in elevating gastric and bladder pressures to 16.6 ± 5.3 and 13.3 ± 4 mmHg, respectively. Gastric and urinary bladder pressures had good correlation with IAP (R = 0.843 and 0.819, respectively). Changing patient position from supine to 45o anti-Trendelenburg position resulted in decreased mean and peak inspiratory pressures, and increased tidal volume.
Conclusions

Basal IAP is high in patients with morbid obesity. IAP shows positive correlation to gastric and urinary bladder pressures at both normal and elevated levels of IAP. Anti-Trendelenburg tilt of mechanically ventilated morbidly obese patients resulted in favorable effects on respiratory parameters.
Discrepancy Between Normal Tension Glaucoma and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma with Confocal Microscopy Examination of Corneal Nerves
Authors: Liu Ziyuan , Jing Dalan , Chou Yilin , Wang Haikun , Gao Shuang , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

To investigate the morphological features of corneal subbasal nerve plexus (CSNP) and Langerhans cells (LCs) in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)
Methods

Ten eyes with NTG (8 untreated), 23 eyes with POAG (9 untreated) and 31 eyes of healthy subjects were recruited. CSNP and LCs were assessed by corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) was measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT). CCM parameters including nerve fiber length (FL), branch number (BN), nerve width (NW), nerve reflectivity (NR), total and local nerve tortuosity (NT) as well as type 1 and type 2 LCs were compared across all groups, as well as between the topical medication treated and the nontreated patients.
Results
The NTG had the longest FL(3494.60 ± 523.01), most BN(19.78 ± 5.56), thinnest NW(2.96 ± 1.20), lowest reflectivity (143.03 ± 14.01) and most tortuosity (1.09 ± 0.07) compared with POAG and the normal. The POAG had similar CSNP to the normal. Same results were also found in untreated NTG and untreated POAG. Untreated NTG (3/8), untreated POAG(3/9) and treated POAG (7/14) had significantly more type 2 LCs than the normal (3/31). The treated POAG had longer FL (3240.71 ± 627.81), more BN(19.04 ± 4.58), NW(3.66 ± 0.54), NR(154.65 ± 13.95), more NT(1.07 ± 0.03) than the nontreated but with no significant difference. BN had significant correlations with RNFL thickness in both NTG and POAG groups.
Conclusions

The NTG had characteristic CSNP quite different from that in the POAG and the normal, while the latter two shared more morphological features. The CCM parameters had associations with the RNFL thickness. Untreated glaucoma patients had obvious immature LCs indicating their relationship to ocular surface inflammation.
De novo transcriptome sequencing and gene expression profiling of Pinus sibirica under different cold stresses
Authors: Zhao Xiyang , Wang Fang , Chen Song , Lu Zhimin , Yang Yuchun , Tigabu Mulualem 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Pinus sibirica is an evergreen conifer tree species with strong cold stress. However, the transcriptional regulation patterns in response to cold stress have not been reported for P. Sibirica. To gain deeper insights into its regulation process of cold tolerance, transcriptome profiling analyses and 12 physiological indices measurement were performed under cold stress (-20 ℃) over time. Results: More than 54.1 million clean reads were produced, which were assembled into 97,376 unigenes. Among them, 56,994 unigenes had homology with known genes, 36,836 were assigned to 51 GO (gene ontology) categories and 46,972 were assigned to 24 COG (clusters of orthologous group) categories. P. sibirica showed the highest similarity with sequences from Picea sitchensis. In total, 871, 1397 and 872 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were identified upon exposure to cold for 6 h, 24 h and 48 h at -20 ℃, respectively. Nine physiological indices increased significantly (P<0.05) under cold stress, including membrane permeability, relative conductivity, reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde, peroxidase activity, catalase activity, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline content. With extension of the cold stress time, 9 physiological indices generally showed a trend toward first an increase and then a decrease. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in P. sibirica dropped sharply (P<0.05) in response to cold stress, and they were also decreased significantly (P<0.05) with extension of the stress time at -20 ℃.Conclusions: There were two cold signal transduction pathways in P. sibirica, the Ca2+ and ABA (abscisic acid) pathways. The AP2 (ethylene-responsive transcription factor) family and some other transcription factors played an important role in transcriptional regulation. P. sibirica underwent antioxidant and osmotic regulation with changes in the expression of genes related to cold resistance. Photosynthesis was inhibited, and more DEGs associated with photosynthesis were downregulated under cold stress. The DEGs identified in cold signal sensing and transduction and transcriptional, antioxidant and osmotic regulation can provide genetic resources for the improvement of cold-tolerant characters in other conifer tree species and facilitate understanding of molecular control mechanism related to cold responses.