bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on the effect of household water treatment on diarrhoea morbidity among under-fives in Plateau State, Nigeria using two treatment modalities
Authors: Okoh Elizabeth Onyi , Envuladu Esther Awazzi , Miner Chundung Asabe , Mohammed Amina , Ode Gloria Nengi , Zoakah Ayuba Ibrahim 
Published: June 2020

Background: Consumption of unsafe water contributes to diarrhoeal burden in sub-Sahara Africa. This burden can be reduced by simple and affordable methods of household water treatment. The study aims at comparing the effect of two of such methods on diarrheal burden among under-fives in rural communities of Plateau State.
Methodology: A community-based quasi experimental study was conducted among 202 underfive-caregiver pairs in two selected rural communities of Plateau State, involving household water treatment with flocculant-disinfectant powder in intervention group and sodium hypochlorite solution in control group respectively. History of diarrhoea before intervention, at 2 weekly intervals during the intervention and after intervention was assessed. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Prevalence and incidence of diarrhoea were calculated and compared among the two groups.
Result: Diarrhoea prevalence at pre-intervention was 19.6% in flocculant-disinfectant group and 17.0% in sodium hypochlorite group. At post intervention, the prevalence reduced significantly by 94.7% (19.6% to 1%) in intervention group and by 76.5% (17% to 4.2%) in control group. There was no statistical significant difference in the prevalence of diarrhoea between the two groups, however, diarrhoea incidence in the sodium hypochlorite group (1.12 episode per child per year) was significantly higher than the incidence in the flocculant-disinfectant group (0.59 episodes per child per year) with a risk-ratio of 1.93 (95% CI: 1.037 - 3.703).
Conclusion: Household water treatment with flocculant-disinfectant reduced diarrhoea burden better than sodium hypochlorite. This technology should be made more available and assessible to rural communities where diarrhea burden is high.
Esterilización por laparoscopia. Revisión de métodos
Authors: Amorocho P. Néstor H. 
Published: June 2020

La esterilización quirúrgica voluntaria es el método anticonceptivo más usado en el mundo. Se calcula que aproximadamente 80 millones de parejas regulan su fecundidad en esta forma, teniendo en cuenta que en 1950 se estimaba un número global entre 3 y 4 millones, ascendiendo en 1970 a 20 millones y a 65 en 1975 (15).
Estudio hospitalario de mortalidad materna (estudio 400)
Authors: Uriza Gutiérrez Germán , López Escobar Guillermo , Riaño Gamboa Germán , Estrada Estrada Alcides 
Published: June 2020

Se analizan las muertes maternas ocurridas en 25 instituciones hospitalarias que atienden partos en Colombia, en el período comprendido entre el 1o. de julio de 1979 y el 30 de junio de 1980. En este período se atendieron en estas instituciones, 84.387 nacidos vivos con 195 muertes maternas, lo que da una tasa de mortalidad materna de 23.1 X 10.000. Del total de muertes maternas se reqistraron en el formulario precodificado diseñado para tal fin, 145 casos que constituyen el universo de esta investigación. Los resultados de la investigación muestran: 1. La muerte materna se presenta principalmente durante o como consecuencia del parto. 2. Existe un bajo nivel de escolaridad con un deficiente número de controles prenatales en las pacientes que fallecen.3. La mortalidad más frecuente en nuestro medio es la toxemia y las complicaciones primarias del trabajo más frecuentes son el trabajo de parto prolongado u obstruido y la hemorragia. 4. La gran mayoría de las muertes maternas en Colombia carecen de autopsia.5. Las primeras causas de muerte materna son la sepsis por aborto y la toxemia. 6. La muerte materna se acompaña con mucha frecuencia de la muerte del producto de la concepción.
Analysis of Mother Behavior Factor in Following Program of Breastfeeding Support Group in the Region of Asemrowo Health Center, Surabaya
Authors: Yunitasari Esti , Triningsih Alfiani , Pradanie Retnayu 
Published: June 2020

Breastfeeding support group is an activity consisting of 6-12 people mother with infants aged 0-6 months gathered regularly 2 weeks. Mothers can get support from people who are experiencing the same situation. Because members of this program have similar experiences and environmental situations, a mutually supportive atmosphere will be more easily established. However this program has not been implemented maximally in some areas including Asemrowo Health Center,, which resulted in exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Asemrowo sub-district has not reached the national target that only 58.22%. This study aims to determine the factors associated with maternal behavior in following the breastfeeding support group in the region of Asemrowo health center, Surabaya. This was cross sectional design. The populations were 64 mothers who have an infant in 0-6 month at the region of Asemrowo Health Center, Surabaya using total sampling technique. There were five variables in this study, there are knowledge, attitude, belief, culture as independent variable and behavior as dependent variable. The instrument used a modified questionnaire from previous research and tested validity and reliability with validity results of 0.350-0.916 and reliability of 0.663 for knowledge questionnaires, 0.723 attitude questionnaires, 0.632 belief questionnaires, 0.863 cultural questionnaires, and 0.948 behavior questionnaires. Data analyze using spearman rank correlation with significance level α≤0,05. Statistical test result p= 0.00 r= 0,457 for knowledge with behavior, p= 0.011 r= 0,315 for attitude and behavior, p= 0,035 r= 0,264 for belief and behavior, p= 0.003 r= 0,360 for culture and behavior. The result had showed that was correlation between knowledge with behavior, attitude with behavior, belief with behavior and culture with behavior. Provision of health counseling and promotion by health workers on the importance of participating in Breastfeeding support group program to mothers with infants aged 0-6 months is needed so that mothers can provide exclusive breastfeeding.
The Effect of Training on Preparedness Disaster on the Preparedness of Elementary School Children in Overcoming the Disaster of Volcano Eruption of Mount Egon in Lere Catholic Elementary School
Authors: Pitang Yuliani , Irman Ode , Nelista Yosefina 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Mount eruption can happen at any time without warning including during teaching learning proces in school time and the children are included into the the very susceptible group on disaster situation. Less preparedness causes the children be in critical situation. To increase children’s preparedness could be done through the training on disaster preparedness in overcoming the disater caussed by volcano eruption. The aim of this research is to explain The Effect Of Training On Preparedness Disaster on The Preparedness of Elementary School Children in Overcoming The Disaster of Volcano Eruption of Mount Egon in Lere Catholic Elementary School. Method: This research is classified as quasi experimental with the research design one pre test post test design. The population on this research is all children of class IV and V in Lere Catholic Elementary School. The total number is 51 children. The sample used is systematic random sampling. The total number of sampling is 45 respondents. Result: There is effect of training on disaster preparedness on the preparedness of elementary school children in overcoming mount Egon eruption (p 0,000). Conclusion: The training of disaster preparedness can increase on the preparedness of elementary school childen in overcoming the disaster of volcano eruption, therefore the training of disaster preparedness needs to be done every year and to accommodate the content of disaster in the school curriculum.
Socioeconomic Deprivation and Its Adverse Association with Adolescent Fracture Care Compliance
Authors: Meza Blake C. , Iacone Dina , Talwar Divya , Sankar Wudbhav N. , Shah Apurva S. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Socioeconomic deprivation increases fracture incidence in adolescents, but its impact on fracture care is unknown. The area deprivation index (ADI), which incorporates 17 factors from the U.S. Census, measures socioeconomic deprivation in neighborhoods. This investigation aimed to determine the impact of socioeconomic deprivation and other socioeconomic factors on fracture care compliance in adolescents.

Methods:
This study included patients who were 11 to 18 years of age and received fracture care at a single urban children’s hospital system between 2015 and 2017. Demographic information (sex, race, caregiver status, insurance type) and clinical information (mechanism of injury, type of treatment) were obtained. The ADI, which has a mean score of 100 points and a standard deviation of 20 points, was used to quantify socioeconomic deprivation for each patient’s neighborhood. The outcome variables related to compliance included the quantity of no-show visits at the orthopaedic clinic and delays in follow-up care of >1 week. Risk factors for suboptimal compliance were evaluated by bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.

Results:
The cohort included 457 adolescents; 75.9% of the patients were male, and the median age was 16.1 years. The median ADI was 101.5 points (interquartile range, 86.3 to 114.9 points). Bivariate analyses demonstrated that higher ADI, black race, single-parent caregiver status, Medicaid insurance, non-sports mechanisms of injury, and surgical management are associated with suboptimal fracture care compliance. Adolescents from the most socially deprived regions were significantly more likely to have delays in care (33.8% compared with 20.1%; p = 0.037) and miss scheduled orthopaedic visits (29.9% compared with 7.1%; p < 0.001) compared with adolescents from the least deprived regions. ADI, Medicaid insurance, and initial presentation to the emergency department were independent predictors of suboptimal care compliance, when controlling for other variables.

Conclusions:
Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with an increased risk of suboptimal fracture care compliance in adolescents. Clinicians can utilize caregiver and insurance status to better understand the likelihood of fracture care compliance. These findings highlight the importance of understanding differences in each family’s ability to adhere to the recommended follow-up and of implementing measures to enhance compliance.
Management Options and Outcomes for Patients with Femoral Fractures with Post-Polio Syndrome of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Garceau Simon P. , Igbokwe Emmanuel N. , Warschawski Yaniv , Neufeld Michael E. , Safir Oleg A. , Wade John P. , Guy Pierre , Wolfstadt Jesse I. 
Published: June 2020

» Post-polio syndrome is characterized by a late functional deterioration (usually after ≥15 years from the initial infection) in patients with a history of paralytic poliomyelitis infection, and it is defined by the March of Dimes criteria.» Patients with post-polio syndrome are at increased risk for falls and associated hip and femoral fractures as a result of lower bone mineral density, decreased lean muscle mass, and musculoskeletal deformities.» Current evidence suggests that treatment modalities for femoral fractures should emphasize fixation that allows early progressive weight-bearing and ambulation to optimize functional outcomes.» Good results after hip arthroplasty have been described with both cemented and uncemented implants in patients who have been treated for osteoarthritis, but there has been little evidence guiding hip fracture management. Anatomic challenges that are encountered are osteoporotic bone, a valgus neck-shaft angle, increased femoral anteversion, and a small femoral canal diameter.» Intramedullary nailing of hip and femoral fractures can be challenging due to the small femoral canal diameter that frequently is encountered. Alternative methods of fixation have shown promising results. These include the use of sliding hip screws for hip fracture management and fixed-angle locking plates for hip and femoral fracture management.
Perioperative Management of Orthopaedic Patients with Hematologic Disorders
Authors: Young Joseph R. , Vignaly Lauren , O’Connor Casey M. , Czajka Cory M. , Rosenbaum Andrew J. 
Published: June 2020

» Perioperative management of orthopaedic patients with a hematologic disorder is a complex endeavor that requires a multidisciplinary team-based approach. A team composed of an experienced orthopaedic surgeon, an anesthesiologist, and a hematologist is necessary to achieve optimal outcomes. Patients with hemophilia and other complex hematologic disorders should be managed at, or in consultation with a hematologist at, a comprehensive hemophilia center.» Bleeding disorders and inherited thrombophilia present unique challenges for the perioperative management of orthopaedic surgery. Comprehensive preoperative planning and familiarity with treatment guidelines can help to minimize these risks.» Knowledge of the disease processes outlined in this article will provide orthopaedic surgeons with the requisite background knowledge that is needed to initiate safe and effective treatment strategies involving this high-risk patient population.
Genetic Variability and Heritability of Green Super Rice (GSR) Lines Resistance to Rice Ragged Stunt Virus (RRSV) and Rice Grassy Stunt Virus (RGSV)
Authors: Susanto Untung , Nafisah Nafisah , Rohaeni Wage R. , E. Baehaki S. , Rahman Sarlan Abdul , Ali Jauhar 
Published: June 2020

<p>Brown plant hopper (BPH) is one of the main pest of rice in Indonesia and it occurred every years with fluctuate acreage. BPH is also vector of Rice Ragged Stunt Virus (RRSV) and Rice Grassy Stunt Virus (RGSV). Green Super Rice (GSR) was designed to have resistance to major pests and diseases so that it need less pesticides and thus save ro environment. GSR was developed in IRRI and China and was tested in Indonesia since 2009 until now (2019). This research was aimed to study the genetic variability and heritability of 26 selected GSR lines to RRSV and RGSV along with four check varieties. The experiment was conducted in ICRR Sukamandi and Pusakanagara Experimental Station. The experiment was arranged following randomized complete block design with three replications. Transplanting was done into 21 days old seedling into 25 cm x 25 cm planting space of 1 m x 1 m plot. BPH and virus investation was occured narturally due to BPH outbreak along the season (DS 2010). Percentage of plant showing RRSV and RGSV symtom was measured as consideration the resistance of plant to the viruses. The results showed that the tested genotypes had high genetic variability and heritability classified as medium in the resistance to RGSV. The genotypes showed low genetic variability and heritability in the resistance to RRSV. It implies that breeder effort is feasible to develop resistant lines to RGSV. HUANGHUAZHAN and HHZ 12-Y4-Y3-Y1 are consistently resistant to RGSV and can be used as donors in further plant breeding activities. The selection of resistant individuals in populations of plant breeding material recommended to be done on earlier generations for RGSV and further generation for RSSV.</p>
Análise de Ciclo de Vida dos Processos de Valorização de Resíduos Sólidos Domiciliares em Florianópolis (SC) para Redução de Gases de Efeito Estufa
Authors: Suski Cássio Aurélio , Luiz Bruno Vieira 
Published: June 2020

A gestão dos RSU tem relação direta com o aquecimento global, pois possibilita a redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) pela decomposição dos resíduos e o reaproveitamento dos materiais evitando partes significativas dos processos de produção, os quais emitem direta ou indiretamente
gases que contribuem para o aumento do efeito estufa. O estudo pretende propor alternativas tecnológicas para a gestão dos RSU do município de Florianópolis-SC, utilizando a Análise de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) para quantificar as emissões atuais de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), bem como de cenários propostos, visando a valorização dos resíduos por meio de compostagem, biodigestores anaeróbios, reciclagem e geração de energia. Serão estabelecidos 5 cenários com percentuais de reciclagem, compostagem, digestão anaeróbica, geração de energia e destinação em aterro sanitário. Posteriormente, serão analisadas as emissões de GEE de cada cenário por meio do software Waste Reduction Model (WARM). Os resíduos serão categorizados em 54 categorias diferentes e realizada a modelagem no software, obtendo-se o cenário base que será utilizado para comparação com os cenários propostos, nos quais serão incluídas alternativas tecnológicas de valorização de RSU, quantificando assim a redução de GEE.
miR-874 ameliorates retinopathy in diabetic rats by NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Li Rui , Yuan Huimin , Zhao Tao , Yan Yimin , Liu Zhaochen , Cai Jiayu , Qiu Chunli , Li Chuanjing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: miRNAs participate in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). High expression of NF-κB signaling pathway boosts the progression of retinopathy in diabetes rats. We found a site where miR-874 bound to the NF-κB p65 by a bioinformatics website. Therefore, we speculated that miR-874 might improve retinopathy in diabetic rats by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Methods: Ten healthy rats were taken as the control group. Sixty streptozotocin (60 mg/kg)-induced diabetes model rats were randomly divided into the model group (injection of normal saline), NC (negative control) agomir group (injection of NC mimic), miR-874 agomir group (injection of miR-874 mimic), miR-874 anti-agomir group (injection of miR-874 inhibitor), EVP4593 group (injection of NF-κB signaling pathway antagonist EVP4593), and miR-874 anti-agomir + EVP4593 group (injection of miR-874 inhibitor and EVP4593). All injection was via caudal vein. Results: miR-874 could target the degradation of p65. Compared with the control group, model rats had reduced miR-874 expression, increased VEGF and Ang2 protein expressions, lowered end-diastolic velocity and peak systolic velocity of central retinal artery (CRA) and blood velocity of central retinal vein and CRA, heightened plasma viscosity, blood viscosity and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at all shear rates, decreased capillary pericytes, increased vascular endothelial cells, and ascended p65 expression in the retina (all P < 0.05). It showed that pathological changes appeared in the retina of diabetes rats. These indexes would be improved in diabetes rats injected with miR-874 mimic or EVP4593, but deteriorated in those injected with miR-874 inhibitor (all P < 0.05). EVP4593 could alleviate the aggravation of retinopathy that was caused by miR-874 inhibition in diabetes rats. Conclusions: miR-874 mediates the NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting the degradation of p65 to further improve the retina of diabetes rats, showing the improvement effect of miR-874 on diabetic retinopathy in rats.
BCG-induced neutrophil extracellular traps formation and its regulatory mechanism
Authors: Sun Erlin , Liu Kangkang , Lei Mingde , Wang Lining , Nian Xuewu , Li Limin , Gao Jingda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Intravesical BCG is one of the most effective immunotherapies for bladder cancer. Our previous study showed that BCG induces the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which play an important role in bladder tumor treatment. To identify how BCG induced NETs formation, we examined NETs formation induced by BCG in vitro and in a mouse model, then analyzed the effects of NETs on BCG and the relevant regulatory mechanism. Results: We observed the NETs at different time points by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the results found that BCG induced in vitro NETs formation in a time-dependent fashion, which was inhibited by pretreatment with DNase I and protease. FITC-labeled BCG was used to observe capturing by NETs. Interestingly, BCG was trapped but not killed in vitro by NETs, which was different from the effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, ROS was required for BCG-induced NETs formation, which was regulated by MEK, p38, PI3K, and PKC pathways. Finally, NETs formation was observed in mouse urine and subcutaneous tumors after BCG perfusion. Conclusions: By exploring how BCG induced the formation of NETs and the regulatory mechanism, we conclude that a novel immune reaction involving neutrophils exists in the early stages of BCG treatment.
Identifying opportunities to strengthen school food environments in the Pacific: a case study in Samoa
Authors: Reeve Erica , Thow Anne-Marie , Bell Colin , Soti-Ulberg Christina , Sacks Gary 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite global recommendations to prioritise policies that create healthy environments within education institutions, the implementation of effective healthy school food policies has proved challenging for many countries. This study examined the experience of Samoa in introducing a stronger policy to improve the healthiness of school food environments. Our aim was to identify opportunities to strengthen healthy school food policy implementation in Samoa and other comparable contexts. Methods: We used a qualitative case study approach, underpinned by policy science theory. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 30 informants, coupled with analysis of relevant documents, to generate a detailed understanding of the relevant policy implementation processes in Samoa, and the perspectives and capacities of key implementation actors. Data collection and analysis were guided by the Health Policy Analysis Triangle supplemented by other policy theories relevant to policy process. Results: Samoa’s school food policy operationalizes international ‘best practice’ recommendations. We found health policymakers and leaders in Samoa to be strongly committed to improving school food environments. Despite this, there continued to be challenges in ensuring compliance with the school nutrition standards. Key issues that negatively impacted on the policy’s effectiveness were the lack of priority given to school food by stakeholders outside of health, the high prevalence of unhealthy food in the areas immediately surrounding schools, and the high degree of agency exercised by actors in and around the school. We noted several opportunities for policies to be effectively implemented and sustained. Respondents identified community level leaders as potentially pivotal stakeholders, particularly in a context where school governance draws heavily on community representation.Conclusions: Despite previous commitment to the issue, political and community leaders need to be re-engaged to identify the institutional and operational changes required to improve the implementation of healthy school food policies. Strong incentives for compliance and effective enforcement mechanisms are likely to be crucial to success.