bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Augmented and Virtual Reality in Information Literacy Instruction to Reduce Library Anxiety in Nontraditional and International Students
Authors: Sample Angela 
Published: March 2020

Throughout its early years, the Oral Roberts University (ORU) Library held a place of pre-eminence on campus. ORU’s founder envisioned the Library as central to all academic function and scholarship. Under the direction of the founding dean of learning resources, the Library was an early pioneer in innovative technologies and methods. However, over time, as the case with many academic libraries, the Library’s reputation as an institution crucial to the academic work on campus had diminished.
A team of librarians is now engaged in programs aimed at repositioning the Library as the university’s hub of learning. Toward that goal, the Library has long taught information literacy (IL) to students and faculty through several traditional methods, including one-shot workshops and sessions tied to specific courses of study. Now, in conjunction with disseminating augmented, virtual, and mixed reality (AVMR) learning technologies, the Library is redesigning instruction to align with various realities of higher education today, including uses of AVMR in instruction and research and following best practices from research into serving

online learners;
international learners not accustomed to Western higher-education practices; and
learners returning to university study after being away from higher education for some time or having changed disciplines of study.

The Library is innovating online tutorials targeted for nontraditional and international graduate students with various combinations of AVMR, with the goal to diminish library anxiety. Numerous library and information science studies have shown a correlation between library anxiety and reduced library use, and library use has been linked to student learning, academic success, and retention.[1]
This paper focuses on IL instruction methods under development by the Library. Current indicators are encouraging as the Library embarks on the redesign of IL instruction and early development of inclusion of AVMR in IL instruction for nontraditional and international students.
Using a Dental Operating Microscope in the Treatment of Reversible Pulpitis in Primary Teeth
Authors: MİTOVA Nadezhda , RASHKOVA Maya , LAZAROVA Zornitsa , GATEVA Natalia 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:Treatment with
minimal intervention is a new philosophy in modern dentistry. High-tech
diagnostic tools and methods are used in the practice to ensure early disease
detection and treatment with minimal loss of damaged structures. The aim of this study is to investigate the application of the magnifying
method with a digital operating microscope (DOM) in combination with controlled
excavation with fluorescent method (Proface) in the treatment of asymptomatic
closed pulpitis in primary molars, treated through an indirect pulp capping.Materials and Methods:Subject of the study were 40 primary molars (19 first and 21 second molars) of children (20 girls and 20 boys) at the ages of 4-7, with cavitated carious lesions in the dentine, suspected for an asymptomatic closed pulpitis. All cases were excavated with an identical clinical protocol (conventional excavation). The excavation was controlled through the fluorescent method (Proface). An assessment of the residual dentine, with and without microscope (DOM) at three levels of magnification, was made at each stage. Results:The use of DOM shows a: larger diversity
in the colors and nuances of the carious dentine, with lighter shades being
predominant. DOM gives an opportunity for a better precision in determining the
speed of the carious process, which is in direct relation to the defensive
ability of the pulp-dentine complex. In the biological treatment of asymptomatic
closed pulpitis in primary teeth, the use of DOM magnifying technology gives
the opportunity for a precise and accurate assessment during the course of
excavation.Conclusion: The use of magnifying technology complements the objective assessment in
the area of the overpulpal dentine, which in reversible pulpitis of primary
teeth, must be preserved and used for the stimulation of the healing process.
Non-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy: effects of four months of static and dynamic standing exercise on passive range of motion and spasticity in the hip
Authors: Tornberg Åsa B. , Lauruschkus Katarina 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four months of two types of structured training regimes, static standing (StS) versus dynamic standing (DyS), on passive range of motion (PROM) and spasticity in the hip among non-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy.

Method
Twenty non-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy participated in an exercise intervention study with a crossover design. During StS, the Non-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy were encouraged to exercise according to standard care recommendations, including daily supported StS for 30–90 min. During DyS, daily exercise for at least 30 min at a speed between 30 and 50 rpm in an Innowalk (Made for movement, Norway) was recommended. We assessed adaptive effects from the exercise programs through PROM in the hip assessed with a handheld goniometer, and spasticity in the hip assessed with the Modified Ashworth Scale before and after 30 min of StS or DyS. A trained physiotherapist performed the assessments. The exercise test and exercise training were performed in the children’s habitual environment. Non-parametric statistics were used and each leg was used as its own control.

Result
PROM increased in all directions after 30 min (p < 0.001), and after four months of exercise training (p < 0.001) of DyS. Thirty minutes of DyS lowered the spasticity in the muscles around the hip (p < 0.001) more than 30 min of StS (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Thirty minutes of DyS increased PROM and decreased spasticity among non-ambulatory children with CP. Four months of DyS increased PROM but did not decrease spasticity. These results can help inform individualised standing recommendations.
The role of age, sex, anthropometry, and body composition as determinants of physical fitness in nonobese children aged 6–12
Authors: Milanese Chiara , Sandri Marco , Cavedon Valentina , Zancanaro Carlo 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe determinants of physical fitness in children have been given limited attention. In particular, the relative role of chronological age, sex, anthropometry, and body composition in physical fitness of children has been barely investigated. This cross-sectional study investigated determinants of physical fitness using a set of predictive variables including, in addition to chronological age and sex, a large panel of anthropometric measurements as well as body composition. The study was carried out in a convenience sample of children aged 6–12 participating in a summer camp.MethodsOne-hundred-ninety-three children (128 males) fulfilled all requirements and entered analysis. Health-related physical fitness components (speed, muscular power and balance) were explored by means of field tests, namely the 30-m dash test for running speed, the standing long jump and the seated chest pass test for lower limbs and upper body muscular power, respectively, and the flamingo balance test for static balance. Determinants of physical fitness were investigated by regression analysis using chronological age, sex, anthropometry, and body composition in a hierarchical approach. To minimize the expected effect of collinearity in predictor variables, an original statistical approach using Random Forests analysis was adopted.ResultsAge predicted 45.2%, 43.6%, 35.6% and 25.6%; and sex 9.5%, 10.7%, 6.3% and 2.0% of variance in the 30-m dash, seated chest pass, standing long jump, and flamingo balance test, respectively. Anthropometry and body composition explained a limited or no percentage of variance. The adjustedR2(root mean square error) was 0.61 (0.31 s), 0.45 (0.32 m), 0.58 (0.15 m) and 0.41 (0.75 logs) for the 30-m dash, seated chest pass, standing long jump, and flamingo balance test, respectively making these models useful when physical fitness tests are not feasible.ConclusionsWe highlighted the respective role of chronological age, sex, anthropometry, and body composition in physical fitness of children in the wide age range 6–12 years. Data confirm and expand on previous literature by showing with a strictly conservative statistical approach that chronological age is a main determinant of physical fitness of both boys and girls, sex playing a limited role. The role of anthropometry was even less important, and no role was found for body composition. These findings should be considered when planning/implementing motor development or physical education programs.
Development and psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale: OES-Pt
Authors: Campos Lucas A. , Marôco João , John Mike T. , Santos-Pinto Ary , Campos Juliana A.D.B. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES) is an instrument to assess an individual’s perception of their Orofacial Appearance (OA). However, its translation and evaluation of psychometric properties is necessary for its use in Brazilian individuals.ObjectivesTo develop the Portuguese version of OES (OES-Pt), estimate its psychometric properties (validity, measurement invariance and reliability) when applied to Brazilian individuals aged 18–40 years, and estimate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and OA.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study using a convenience sample. The sample consisted of 1,072 Brazilian individuals (70.1% female, 25.1% dental patients; mean ± SD age: 25.7 ± 5.7 years). After cross-cultural adaptation of OES-Pt, factorial validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity (average variance extracted (AVE)) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α) and Composite Reliability (CR)) were also estimated. Concurrent validity was assessed (Pearson’s correlational analysis (r) between OES-Pt total score and item eight of the OES which refers to global assessment of OA). Measurement invariance of the factorial model (multigroup analysis using ΔCFI) was evaluated for independent samples (sample randomly split into two: “Test Sample” and “Validation Sample” and according to sex: male and female, age range: 18–30 and 31–40 years, and whether the individual is undergoing dental treatment or not). A Structural Equation Model estimated the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and OA.ResultsOES-Pt presented adequate fit to the sample. Convergent validity (AVE ≥ 0.56) and reliability (α and CR ≥ 0.89) were adequate. Concurrent validity was adequate (r= 0.88;p-value < 0.001). OES-Pt presented strict invariance for independent samples. Age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES) were related to OA, indicated by standardized beta coefficients (standardized β) of 0.036 (standard error: 0.007), 0.001 (0.094) and 0.196 (0.061), respectively on OA. These three relationships were either weak or not statistically significant.ConclusionsWhen measuring OA in Brazilian individuals, the OES-Pt was valid, reliable and invariant for independent samples. Age, sex and SES were weak or not statistically significantly related to OA.
A plan template‐based automation solution using a commercial treatment planning system
Authors: Huang Xiaotian , Quan Hong , Zhao Bo , Zhou Wing , Chen Charles , Chen Yan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop an auto‐planning platform to be interfaced with a commercial treatment planning system (TPS). The main goal was to obtain robust and high‐quality plans for different anatomic sites and various dosimetric requirements.MethodsMonaco (Elekta, St. Louis, US) was the TPS in this work. All input parameters for inverse planning could be defined in a plan template inside Monaco. A software tool called Robot Framework was used to launch auto‐planning trials with updated plan templates. The template modifier external to Monaco was the major component of our auto‐planning platform. For current implementation, it was a rule‐based system that mimics the trial‐and‐error process of an experienced planner. A template was automatically updated by changing the optimization constraints based on dosimetric evaluation of the plan obtained in the previous trial, along with the data of the iterative optimization extracted from Monaco. Treatment plans generated by Monaco with all plan evaluation criteria satisfied were considered acceptable, and such plans would be saved for further evaluation by clinicians. The auto‐planning platform was validated for 10 prostate and 10 head‐and‐neck cases in comparison with clinical plans generated by experienced planners.ResultsThe performance and robustness of our auto‐planning platform was tested with clinical cases of prostate and head and neck treatment. For prostate cases, automatically generated plans had very similar plan quality with the clinical plans, and the bladder volume receiving 62.5 Gy, 50 Gy, and 40 Gy in auto‐plans was reduced by 1%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. For head and neck cases, auto‐plans had better conformity with reduced dose to the normal structures but slightly higher dose inhomogeneity in the target volume. Remarkably, the maximum dose in the spinal cord and brain stem was reduced by more than 3.5 Gy in auto‐plans. Fluence map optimization only with less than 30 trials was adequate to generate acceptable plans, and subsequent optimization for final plans was completed by Monaco without further intervention. The plan quality was weakly dependent on the parameter selection in the initial template and the choices of the step sizes for changing the constraint values.ConclusionAn automated planning platform to interface with Monaco was developed, and our reported tests showed preliminary results for prostate and head and neck cases.
Shining Light on the Photoluminescence Properties of Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Goetz Katelyn P. , Taylor Alexander D. , Paulus Fabian , Vaynzof Yana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLead halide perovskites are a remarkable class of materials that have emerged over the past decade as being suitable for application in a broad range of devices, such as solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, lasers, transistors, and memory devices. While they are often solution‐processed semiconductors deposited at low temperatures, perovskites exhibit properties one would only expect from highly pure inorganic crystals that are grown at high temperatures. This unique phenomenon has resulted in fast‐paced progress toward record device performance. Unfortunately, the basic science behind the remarkable nature of these materials is still not well understood. This review assesses the current understanding of the photoluminescence properties of metal halide perovskite materials and highlights key areas that require further research. Furthermore, the need to standardize the methods for characterization of PL in order to improve comparability, reliability, and reproducibility of results is emphasized.
Cortical Neurons form a Functional Neuronal Network in a 3D Printed Reinforced Matrix
Authors: Janzen Dieter , Bakirci Ezgi , Wieland Annalena , Martin Corinna , Dalton Paul D. , Villmann Carmen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImpairments in neuronal circuits underly multiple neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. 3D cell culture models enhance the complexity of in vitro systems and provide a microenvironment closer to the native situation than with 2D cultures. Such novel model systems will allow the assessment of neuronal network formation and their dysfunction under disease conditions. Here, mouse cortical neurons are cultured from embryonic day E17 within in a fiber‐reinforced matrix. A soft Matrigel with a shear modulus of 31 ± 5.6 Pa is reinforced with scaffolds created by melt electrowriting, improving its mechanical properties and facilitating the handling. Cortical neurons display enhance cell viability and the neuronal network maturation in 3D, estimated by staining of dendrites and synapses over 21 days in vitro, is faster in 3D compared to 2D cultures. Using functional readouts with electrophysiological recordings, different firing patterns of action potentials are observed, which are absent in the presence of the sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin. Voltage‐gated sodium currents display a current–voltage relationship with a maximum peak current at −25 mV. With its high customizability in terms of scaffold reinforcement and soft matrix formulation, this approach represents a new tool to study neuronal networks in 3D under normal and, potentially, disease conditions.
Engineered Biomaterial Platforms to Study Fibrosis
Authors: Davidson Matthew D. , Burdick Jason A. , Wells Rebecca G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany pathologic conditions lead to the development of tissue scarring and fibrosis, which are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) and changes in tissue mechanical properties. Cells within fibrotic tissues are exposed to dynamic microenvironments that may promote or prolong fibrosis, which makes it difficult to treat. Biomaterials have proved indispensable to better understand how cells sense their extracellular environment and are now being employed to study fibrosis in many tissues. As mechanical testing of tissues becomes more routine and biomaterial tools become more advanced, the impact of biophysical factors in fibrosis are beginning to be understood. Herein, fibrosis from a materials perspective is reviewed, including the role and mechanical properties of ECM components, the spatiotemporal mechanical changes that occur during fibrosis, current biomaterial systems to study fibrosis, and emerging biomaterial systems and tools that can further the understanding of fibrosis initiation and progression. This review concludes by highlighting considerations in promoting wide‐spread use of biomaterials for fibrosis investigations and by suggesting future in vivo studies that it is hoped will inspire the development of even more advanced biomaterial systems.
Fe‐Doped Polyoxometalate as Acid‐Aggregated Nanoplatform for NIR‐II Photothermal‐Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Shi Yunhao , Zhang Jiaojiao , Huang Han , Cao Changyu , Yin Jiajia , Xu Wenjing , Wang Wenjun , Song Xuejiao , Zhang Yewei , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe combination of reactive oxygen species‐involved chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) holds great promise in enhancing anticancer effects. Herein, a multifunctional Fe‐doped polyoxometalate (Fe‐POM) cluster is fabricated via a simple method. The Fe‐POM can not only be utilized as PTT agents to generate a hyperthermia effect for cancer cell killing under near‐infrared (NIR) II laser (1060 nm) irradiation, but also can be used as CDT agents to convert endogenous less‐reactive H2O2 into harmful ·OH and simultaneously deplete glutathione for an amplified CDT effect. Notably, the hyperthermia induced by PTT can further enhance the CDT effect, achieving a synergistic PTT/CDT effect. Owing to the self‐assembling properties at lowered pH values, the Fe‐POM exhibits high tumor accumulation as revealed by photoacoustic imaging. More importantly, Fe‐POM enables effective destruction of tumors without inducing noticeable damage to normal tissues under 1060 nm laser irradiation. The work presents a new type of multifunctional agent with high PTT/CDT efficacy, providing promising methods for PTT‐enhanced CDT in a NIR‐II biowindow.
Chirality and Surface Bonding Correlation in Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters
Authors: Li Yingwei , Higaki Tatsuya , Du Xiangsha , Jin Rongchao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChirality is ubiquitous in nature and occurs at all length scales. The development of applications for chiral nanostructures is rising rapidly. With the recent achievements of atomically precise nanochemistry, total structures of ligand‐protected Au and other metal nanoclusters (NCs) are successfully obtained, and the origins of chirality are discovered to be associated with different parts of the cluster, including the surface ligands (e.g., swirl patterns), the organic–inorganic interface (e.g., helical stripes), and the kernel. Herein, a unified picture of metal–ligand surface bonding‐induced chirality for the nanoclusters is proposed. The different bonding modes of M–X (where M = metal and X = the binding atom of ligand) lead to different surface structures on nanoclusters, which in turn give rise to various characteristic features of chirality. A comparison of Au–thiolate NCs with Au–phosphine ones further reveals the important roles of surface bonding. Compared to the Au–thiolate NCs, the Ag/Cu/Cd–thiolate systems exhibit different coordination modes between the metal and the thiolate. Other than thiolate and phosphine ligands, alkynyls are also briefly discussed. Several methods of obtaining chiroptically active nanoclusters are introduced, such as enantioseparation by high‐performance liquid chromatography and enantioselective synthesis. Future perspectives on chiral NCs are also proposed.
Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles Induce Pyroptosis in Cells Controlled by the Extracellular pH
Authors: Ploetz Evelyn , Zimpel Andreas , Cauda Valentina , Bauer David , Lamb Don C. , Haisch Christoph , Zahler Stefan , Vollmar Angelika M. , Wuttke Stefan , Engelke Hanna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIon homeostasis is essential for cellular survival, and elevated concentrations of specific ions are used to start distinct forms of programmed cell death. However, investigating the influence of certain ions on cells in a controlled way has been hampered due to the tight regulation of ion import by cells. Here, it is shown that lipid‐coated iron‐based metal–organic framework nanoparticles are able to deliver and release high amounts of iron ions into cells. While high concentrations of iron often trigger ferroptosis, here, the released iron induces pyroptosis, a form of cell death involving the immune system. The iron release occurs only in slightly acidic extracellular environments restricting cell death to cells in acidic microenvironments and allowing for external control. The release mechanism is based on endocytosis facilitated by the lipid‐coating followed by degradation of the nanoparticle in the lysosome via cysteine‐mediated reduction, which is enhanced in slightly acidic extracellular environment. Thus, a new functionality of hybrid nanoparticles is demonstrated, which uses their nanoarchitecture to facilitate controlled ion delivery into cells. Based on the selectivity for acidic microenvironments, the described nanoparticles may also be used for immunotherapy: the nanoparticles may directly affect the primary tumor and the induced pyroptosis activates the immune system.