bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The factors of patient‐reported readiness for hospital discharge in patients with depression: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Wang Ya , Meng Na , Li Xiaolin 
Published: September 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

The attributes of readiness for hospital discharge (RHD) have been identified to be physical stability, adequate support, psychological ability, and adequate information and knowledge.

Patient‐reported RHD has been regarded as an outcome indicator, and poor RHD leads to unplanned readmission, emergency department visits and even death.

Knowledge regarding patient‐reported RHD and its factors among patients with depression is limited.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

RHD among patients with depression is at a moderate level.

More than a quarter of people with depression had low RHD.

The knowledge dimension of the RHDS among patients with depression should be further strengthened.

The length of stay, content received and delivery dimensions of the QDTS were significantly associated with RHD.

What are the implications for practice?

This study encourages nurses to assess patient‐reported RHD at discharge in mental health settings.

Nurses should pay more attention to patients with hospital stays longer than 20 days.

Nurses could improve RHD by enhancing the quality of discharge teaching, particularly the content received and the skills nurses used to deliver such content.

Nurses’ managers could develop programmes to improve teaching skills via Internet technology, such as simulated patients and online interprofessional discharge planning.

AbstractIntroductionLow readiness for hospital discharge (RHD) can be followed by negative healthcare outcomes. However, no studies have investigated RHD among patients with depression.AimThis study aimed to examine patient‐reported RHD and its factors among patients with depression.MethodIn total, 367 inpatients with depression were recruited and completed the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS) and Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale (QDTS). A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the factors of RHD among patients with depression.ResultsThe total RHDS score was 7.70 ± 1.52. Approximately 28.9% of the participants had low RHD (RHDS score < 7). The results revealed that RHD was significantly associated with the length of stay, content received and delivery.DiscussionRHD among patients with depression is at a moderate level. More than a quarter of people with depression had low RHD. To improve RHD, enhancing the quality of discharge teaching is imperative for patients with depression.Implications for PracticeNurses should pay more attention to patients with a hospital stay longer than 20 days. Nurses could improve RHD by enhancing the quality of discharge teaching, particularly the content received and the skills nurses used to deliver such content.
Prospective relations between sleep in preschool years and academic achievement at school entry
Authors: Bernier Annie , Cimon‐Paquet Catherine , Tétreault Émilie , Carrier Julie , Matte‐Gagné Célia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is often assumed that adequate sleep is a key ingredient of children's school success. Research to date, however, suggests modest associations between child sleep and academic achievement. Adopting a developmental perspective, this report investigates the associations between age‐related changes in sleep across the preschool period and academic achievement at school entry. Sleep was assessed by actigraphy at ages 2, 3 and 4 among 128 children from mostly White middle‐class families, and their performance in reading and mathematics was tested in Grade 1. The results revealed that children whose sleep duration decreased more rapidly across the preschool period showed better performance in both reading and mathematics. These results suggest that age‐related developments may be a key characteristic of sleep in the preschool years.
Principal economic effects of cormorant predation on catfish farms
Authors: Engle Carole R. , Christie Terrel W. , Dorr Brian S. , Kumar Ganesh , Davis Brian , Roy Luke A. , Kelly Anita M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSubstantial economic losses of farmed catfish to fish‐eating birds such as the double‐crested cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus, continue to be reported on U.S. catfish farms. An economic analysis was conducted of the on‐farm effects of both the increased expenditures to scare fish‐eating birds from catfish farms and of the value of the catfish that were consumed by cormorants. A survey was conducted of U.S. catfish farmers in the Delta region of Mississippi and Arkansas, to obtain farm‐level data on expenditures to scare birds. Estimations of the lost revenue from catfish consumed by cormorants were developed from a concurrent study on cormorant distribution, abundance, and diet in the region. The economic effects of bird predation in terms of both fish consumption and management costs were evaluated across three farm sizes and nine catfish production practices. Catfish farmers spent on average $704/ha ± $394/ha to scare birds, making bird‐scaring costs one of the top five costs of raising catfish. The greatest cost components of scaring birds were manpower (39% of all bird‐scaring costs) and the variable and fixed costs of trucks used to scare birds (34% of all bird‐scaring costs). Losses were greater on hybrid than channel catfish fingerling ponds. Industry‐wide, the value of catfish losses averaged $47.2 million (range of $25.8–$65.4 million). Total direct economic effects (including both the increased costs to scare birds and the revenue lost from fish consumed by cormorants despite bird‐scaring attempts) averaged $64.7 million (ranging from $33.5 to $92.6 million). Profitability improved by 4% to 23% across the farm size/production strategies analyzed upon removal of the economic effects from bird predation, with greater effects occurring on smaller‐scale farms. One‐third of the farm size and production scenarios analyzed changed from being unprofitable to showing a profit in the absence of such negative economic effects associated with bird depredation. Overall, the combined effects of increased farm expenditures to scare birds from farms and the value of the catfish lost to predation by cormorants caused substantial negative economic effects on catfish farms.
Carriers of ABCB4 gene variants show a mild clinical course, but impaired quality of life and limited risk for cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: de Vries Elsemieke , Mazzetti Marta , Takkenberg Bart , Mostafavi Nahid , Bikker Hennie , Marzioni Marco , de Veer Rozanne , van der Meer Adriaan , Doukas Michael , Verheij Joanne , Beuers Ulrich 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsAdenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette subfamily B member 4 (ABCB4) deficiency may lead to progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3), biliary cirrhosis, low phospholipid‐associated cholelithiasis (LPAC), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), oral contraceptive‐induced cholestasis (CIC) or may remain asymptomatic. The long‐term course, quality of life and histology were investigated in ABCB4 deficiency.MethodsAdult carriers of ABCB4 gene variants from two regional academic centres were analysed by history taking, electronic patient files, physical examination, blood analysis, abdominal ultrasound (US) and liver elastography. Patients completed a 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) for quality of life and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pruritus. Available liver specimens were re‐classified according to the Nakanuma scoring system, so far validated for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) only. Quality of life data were compared to published data of patients with PBC, PSC and the general population.ResultsSixty‐seven patients were identified, 64 (96%) were alive at the time of analysis and 62 (93%) were (at some time) treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Two patients died of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and one of decompensated biliary cirrhosis. Three additional deaths of CCA were reported in first‐degree relatives. Transplant‐free survival was 91% (median follow‐up 14 years). Liver stiffness was normal (<6.3 kPa) in 75%, intrahepatic stones were detected at ultrasound (US) in 33% and microcalcifications in 22% of cases. Quality of life (n = 48) was lower than in the general population particularly in energy/fatigue and general health domains and comparable to that in PSC. Staging according to Nakanuma in 15 specimens reflected the clinical course.ConclusionsABCB4 deficiency has a mild clinical course, but impaired quality of life and limited risk of CCA. The Nakanuma scoring system appears feasible for histological evaluation in ABCB4 deficiency.
Impact of clean intermittent catheterization on quality of life of patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction due to radical hysterectomy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sekido Noritoshi , Takaoka Ei‐ichiro , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Ochi Hiroyuki , Satoh Toyomi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsWe investigated the quality of life (QOL) of a homogenous group of ambulant patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction without significant comorbidities to elucidate the impact of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) on QOL.MethodsThe subjects were 71 female patients who underwent radical hysterectomy (RH) without recurrent disease. QOL was cross‐sectionally measured with the Short‐Form 36‐Item Health Survey (SF‐36) and King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ). We divided urinary management into spontaneous voiding (SV) and CIC as well as postoperative elapsed time into the entire period, less than 24 months (<24 months) and 24 months or more (≥24 months).ResultsPatients with CIC showed significantly poorer QOL than patients with SV in some subscale/domain scores on SF‐36 and KHQ for the entire period as well as <24 months after RH. In contrast, significant differences were not revealed between scores on both measures of patients with CIC and SV ≥24 months after RH. Moreover, in patients with CIC ≥24 months, some subscale/domain scores on both measures were significantly better than in those with <24 months. Norm‐based scoring of SF‐36 revealed that all subscales of patients with CIC <24 months were below the average score of healthy Japanese people, while only four subscales of those ≥24 months remained below the average.ConclusionsQOL in patients with CIC was worse than in patients with SV in the short term, but similar in the long term, which suggests that QOL probably might improve with time in patients with CIC.
The evolution of flight in bats: a novel hypothesis
Authors: Anderson Sophia C. , Ruxton Graeme D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Bats (order Chiroptera) are the only mammals capable of powered flight, and this may be an important factor behind their rapid diversification into the over 1400 species that exist today – around a quarter of all mammalian species. Though flight in bats has been extensively studied, the evolutionary history of the ability to fly in the chiropterans remains unclear.

We provide an updated synthesis of current understanding of the mechanics of flight in bats (from skeleton to metabolism), its relation to echolocation, and where previously articulated evolutionary hypotheses for the development of flight in bats stand following recent empirical advances. We consider the gliding model, and the echolocation‐first, flight‐first, tandem development, and diurnal frugivore hypotheses. In the light of the recently published description of the web‐winged dinosaur Ambopteryx longibrachium, we draw together all the current evidence into a novel hypothesis.

We present the interdigital webbing hypothesis: the ancestral bat exhibited interdigital webbing prior to powered flight ability, and the Yangochiroptera, Pteropodidae, and Rhinolophoidea evolved into their current forms along parallel trajectories from this common ancestor. Thus, we suggest that powered flight may have evolved multiple times within the Chiroptera and that similarity in wing morphology in different lineages is driven by convergence from a common ancestor with interdigital webbing.
Technology transfer in spatial competition when licensees are asymmetric
Authors: Poddar Sougata , Banerjee Swapnendu , Ghosh Monalisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study technology transfer in a spatial competition with two asymmetric licensees (firms) with an outside innovator who decides how many licenses to offer and the optimal licensing contract. We show the optimal licensing policy is pure royalty contract to both licensees leading to a complete diffusion of the new technology. The result holds irrespective of the cost differentials between the licensees and for innovation of all sizes, that is, drastic or non‐drastic. This robust finding although supports the dominance of royalty licensing in practice; however, consumers may not be necessarily better off. We also throw light on the situation where the innovator sells the patent right to one of the firms. Interestingly, we find that the inefficient firm acquires the new technology and further licenses it to the efficient rival.
The surprising thermal properties of CM carbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Opeil C. P. , Britt D. T. , Macke R. J. , Consolmagno G. J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMeasurements of the low‐temperature thermodynamic and physical properties of meteorites provide fundamental data for the study and understanding of asteroids and other small bodies. Of particular interest are the CM carbonaceous chondrites, which represent a class of primitive meteorites that record substantial chemical information concerning the evolution of volatile‐rich materials in the early solar system. Most CM chondrites are petrographic type 2 and contain anhydrous minerals such as olivine and pyroxene, along with abundant hydrous phyllosilicates contained in the meteorite matrix interspersed between the chondrules. Using a Quantum Design Physical Property Measurement System, we have measured the thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and thermal expansion of five CM2 carbonaceous chondrites (Murchison, Murray, Cold Bokkeveld, Northwest Africa 7309, Jbilet Winselwan) at low temperatures (5–300 K) which span the range of possible surface temperatures in the asteroid belt and outer solar system. The thermal expansion measurements show a substantial and unexpected decrease in CM2 volume as temperature increases from 210 to 240 K followed by a rapid increase in CM2 volume as temperature rises from 240 to 300 K. This transition has not been seen in anhydrous CV or CO carbonaceous chondrites. Thermal diffusivity and thermal inertia as a function of temperature are calculated from measurements of density, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity. Our thermal diffusivity results compare well with previous estimates for similar meteorites, where conductivity was derived from diffusivity measurements and modeled heat capacities; our new values are of higher precision and cover a wider range of temperatures.
Relationships between dietary diversity and early childhood developmental outcomes in rural China
Authors: Zhao Chunxia , Guan Hongyan , Shi Huifeng , Zhang Jingxu , Huang Xiaona , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe period from birth to 2years of age is highly sensitive with respect to the relationship between nutrition and neurodevelopment, but data regarding the association between dietary diversity and early childhood neurodevelopment are limited. We sought to examine the association of two feeding indicators—minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and minimum meal frequency (MMF)—with the neurodevelopment of children aged 6–23 months, using data from a cross‐sectional survey conducted in six rural counties in China. Data on 1,534 children were analysed using logistic regression to explore the associations between dietary diversity and early neurodevelopment, with adjustments for the age, sex and prematurity of the child; the age, sex and educational level of the caregiver; and family size, income and simulative care practices and resources. We found that 32.4% of children had suspected developmental delays based on the Chinese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires Version 3, whereas 77.0% and 39.2% failed to meet the MDD and MMF, respectively. Meeting the MDD was associated with a 39% lower risk of developmental delays (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI [0.43, 0.86]). There was a significant association between MDD and reduced likelihood of developmental delays in gross motor, fine motor, problem‐solving and personal social subscales, whereas MMF was only associated with a lower risk of developmental delays in the gross motor subscale (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.42, 0.94]). We observed an inverse dose–response relationship between the number of food groups consumed and the risk of developmental delays (P < .001).
Ultraconserved yet informative for species delimitation: Ultraconserved elements resolve long‐standing systematic enigma in Central European bees
Authors: Gueuning Morgan , Frey Juerg E. , Praz Christophe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAccurate and testable species hypotheses are essential for measuring, surveying and managing biodiversity. Taxonomists often rely on mitochondrial DNA barcoding to complement morphological species delimitations. Although COI‐barcoding has largely proven successful in assisting identifications for most animal taxa, there are nevertheless numerous cases where mitochondrial barcodes do not reflect species hypotheses. For instance, what is regarded as a single species can be associated with two distinct DNA barcodes, which can point either to cryptic diversity or to within‐species mitochondrial divergences without reproductive isolation. In contrast, two or more species can share barcodes, for instance due to mitochondrial introgression. These intrinsic limitations of DNA barcoding are commonly addressed with nuclear genomic markers, which are expensive, may have low repeatability and often require high‐quality DNA. To overcome these limitations, we examined the use of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) as a quick and robust genomic approach to address such problematic cases of species delimitation in bees. This genomic method was assessed using six different species complexes suspected to harbour cryptic diversity, mitochondrial introgression or mitochondrial paraphyly. The sequencing of UCEs recovered between 686 and 1,860 homologous nuclear loci and provided explicit species delimitation in all investigated species complexes. These results provide strong evidence for the suitability of UCEs as a fast method for species delimitation even in recently diverged lineages. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence for both mitochondrial introgression among distinct bee species, and mitochondrial paraphyly within a single bee species.
Resting and swimming metabolic rates in juvenile walruses (Odobenus rosmarus)
Authors: Rosen David A. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChanges in Arctic ice conditions have raised concerns regarding potential impacts on energy expenditure and food requirements of walruses. Modeling the repercussions of environmental changes requires accurate species‐specific measures of bioenergetic expenditures. This is particularly true for walruses, who have a unique anatomy and foraging ecology from other pinnipeds. This study measured resting metabolic rate (RMR) and subsurface swimming metabolism in two juvenile walruses over a 13‐month period. The walruses had relatively low RMR compared to studies of other young pinnipeds. RMR was greater for the male than the female, as expected given its larger size; the reverse was true on a mass‐specific basis. There was also considerable variability in RMR for each walrus during the year that could not be accounted for by changes in body mass. Metabolism while swimming was about twice RMR, and locomotor costs were higher than generally predicted for other marine mammals. The lower calculated swimming efficiency may reflect the fact that walruses are not “high velocity” pursuit predators. The estimates of metabolic expenditure obtained in this study for young walruses are invaluable for quantifying the energetic consequences of behavioral changes induced by environmental shifts in the wild.
Influence of end stage renal disease on CD28 expression and T‐cell immunity
Authors: Sampani Erasmia , Stangou Maria , Daikidou Dimitra‐Vasilia , Nikolaidou Vasiliki , Asouchidou Despoina , Dimitriadis Chrysostomos , Lioulios George , Xochelli Aliki , Fylaktou Asimina , Papagianni Aikaterini 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundT‐cell immunity is affected in end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, whether this happens at pre‐ or post‐dialysis stage and what is the impact of different renal replacement methods, remains unclear. We investigated the alterations of T‐cell subtypes in patients at pre‐dialysis ESRD and their further changes during dialysis.MethodsCD4+, CD8+, CD4 + CD28null and CD8 + CD28null T‐cells were analysed in 40 ESRD patients at two different time points, (a) the day started on dialysis (ESRD‐T0) and (b) 6 months later (ESRD‐T6), while being on haemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Twenty‐five age matched healthy volunteers served as controls.ResultsCD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells were significantly reduced in ESRD‐T0 patients compared to controls, 604 (105‐3551) vs 943 (584‐1867)μ/L, P = .001, and 352 (103‐1561) vs 422.4 (263‐1453)μ/L, P = .05, respectively. However, proportions of CD4 + CD28null and CD8 + CD28null cells were significantly increased, 6.4 (0.3‐30)% vs 2.7 (0.1‐7.8)%, P = .04 and 58.2 (12.8‐85.4)% vs 39 (7.8‐57.1)%, P = .01, respectively. Proportion of CD4 + CD28null cells showed significant correlation with serum CRP (r = .4, P = .04) and albumin levels (r = −.5, P = .007) in ERSD patients. ESRD‐T0 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) had increased CD4 + CD28null and CD8 + CD28null proportions, 8.6 (1‐30)% vs 2.1 (0.1‐19.8)%, P = .04 and 62.5 (12.8‐85.4)% vs 45.5 (5.7‐73.7)%, P = .02, respectively, compared to those without.Six months later, both CD4 + CD28null and CD8 + CD28null T‐cells were increased in HD compared to CAPD patients, by +110.11 (−27.1 to 311.4)% vs −28.1 (−100 to 30)%, P = .003 and +55.23 (−29.06 to 197.93)% vs −8.34 (−54.99 to 66.72)%, P = .05, respectively.ConclusionsCD4 + CD28null and CD8 + CD28null T‐cells are increased at pre‐dialysis ESRD, and correlate with chronic inflammatory markers and the presence of CVD. Dialysis methods seem to have different impact on these subpopulations.
Health beliefs and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among women in Nepal: A descriptive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Maharjan Muna , Thapa Niresh , Panthi Dharma , Maharjan Narayani , Petrini Marcia A. , Jiong Yang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe health beliefs and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among women in the mountainous and Terai region of Nepal were investigated and examined for the differences. A descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted with a purposive sample of 216 in mountainous and 294 in Terai. The interview tools were a socio‐demographic scale, a Nepalese Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer followed by the Screening Test. Chi‐square test, binary logistic regression, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal‐Wallis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the screening rate was low for both regions with a significant difference in the benefit of screening and health motivation. Being older and having a positive family history of cervical cancer were shown to be predictors screening practice. Women from both groups preferred female doctors for screening. Culturally appropriate educational interventions focused on the benefits and obstacles of screening is needed to improve the beliefs of cervical cancer and screening and increase the screening rate. Nurses need to be aware of health beliefs regarding cervical cancer during cervical screening and education.