bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El derecho fundamental a justicia: Revisión integral e integradora del derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva
Authors: Martín Diz Fernando 
Published: December 2019

El derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva, siendo uno de los derechos de máxima relevancia constitucional, no ha de mantenerse estático, sino que puede evolucionar hacia una vertiente más integradora, dando cabida a las pujantes formas extrajudiciales de resolución de litigios. En ese sentido el presente trabajo propone una evolución del actual derecho, recogido en el art. 24 de la Constitución Española, hacia un derecho fundamental que ofrezca, en su texto y aplicación, todas las variantes de resolución de litigios al justiciable, sean judiciales o extrajurisdiccionales y con ello garantice su consideración global como forma de obtener justicia, junto a la tradicional solución judicial del litigio. La Administración de justicia del siglo XXI, en conexión con la realidad social y el auge de los medios extrajudiciales de resolución de litigios (arbitraje, mediación, conciliación, negociación), ha de sostenerse en el futuro sobre un derecho fundamental a justicia, un derecho de la máxima categoría legal que habilite a que el ciudadano elija libremente la vía de solución del litigio considera más adecuada para la efectiva protección de sus derechos e intereses. En el trabajo se presentan las características y concepto de este posible nuevo derecho fundamental, más amplio e integrador que el actual derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva, y conectado directamente con la cultura de autogestión y discrecionalidad en la aplicación de los derechos subjetivos, lo cual, además, supondrá un nuevo modelo de Administración de justicia, en el cual se incorporen como complementos al proceso todas la opciones extrajudiciales de resolución de litigios que contemple la legislación vigente.
Una reflexión desde la teoría de los derechos fundamentales sobre el uso secundario de los datos de salud en el marco del Big Data
Authors: De Montalvo Jääskeläinen Federico 
Published: December 2019

El Big Data ofrece en el ámbito de la investigación en salud grandes oportunidades. La interrelación y explotación de los datos de salud, incluso, correlacionándolos con los no tradicionales, va a permitir avanzar en la lucha contra las enfermedades y a favor de la prevención y predicción en unos términos que seguramente no van a encontrar parangón en la Historia de la Medicina y de la humanidad. Sin embargo, el modelo en el que se han asentado tradicionalmente tanto la investigación en salud, el denominado paradigma Helsinki por referencia a la Declaración del mismo nombre, suscrita por la 18ª Asamblea Médica Mundial en 1964, como la propia regulación jurídica de la protección de los datos de salud parecen no mostrarse adecuados para poder aprovechar tales oportunidades. El equilibrio entre los riesgos para los derechos del individuo y los beneficios para el interés colectivo parece haberse transformado. Ello nos exige reflexionar sobre si cabe desarrollar un nuevo paradigma que permita conjugar las ventajas que para la salud tiene la investigación masiva de datos con la exigida protección de los derechos de las personas. Se trata, en definitiva, de optar, dentro de los márgenes que ofrece la regulación de la protección de datos, por el marco legal más adecuado, atendiendo a las novedades que, al respecto, ofrecen el Reglamento UE y la Ley Orgánica. Como sostenemos en nuestro trabajo, consideramos que el nuevo concepto de la seudonimización ha de ocupar un papel principal dentro de este nuevo modelo.
The complicated relationship between the institution of Public Opinion and the public communication processess on the Internet: Fakes news challeging constitutional guarantees
Authors: García Sanz Rosa María 
Published: December 2019

La desinformación desafía las garantías constitucionales de la opinión pública en Internet, principalmente en las redes sociales. Se requiere, además de otras medidas tecnológicas, repensar el derecho fundamental a la información y la formación de la libre opinión pública en las redes. En los soportes digitales los parámetros de tiempo-espacio se han tranformado: el valor del tiempo se cifra en atención y el del espacio en viralidad. Por el funcionamiento técnico de Internet, la viralidad y la visibilidad propicían los cambios de contexto de los mensajes, y la facilidad para difundir “fake news”. El contenido del derecho a la información se ve incrementado por un derecho al contexto de la información, y del cual se derivarían nuevos límites por “descontextualización” de la información. Esto, unido al respeto a la privacidad por los algoritmos, podría ayudar a debilitar el impacto de la desinformación en la opinión pública.
La (no) regulación de la desinformación en la Unión Europea. Una perspectiva comparada
Authors: Magallón Rosa Raúl 
Published: December 2019

El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un análisis comparativo en torno a las diferentes medidas tomadas por los países de la Unión Europea para combatir la desinformación. Desde esta perspectiva se analizan en primer lugar las medidas tomadas por la UE ante el nuevo escenario y, posteriormente, se estudian las medidas concretas tomadas por los diferentes países que han decidido actuar en la lucha contra las fake news y las nuevas formas de propaganda.El estudio se centra principalmente en cuatro países: Alemania, Francia, España y Reino Unido. El trabajo pretende distinguir entre medidas legislativas, de alfabetización digital, informes, grupos de trabajo, etc. así como entre medidas internas y externas. Es decir, aquellas destinadas a monitorizar las actividades de propaganda e injerencia de terceros países en los procesos electorales. En cualquiera de estos escenarios, la legislación digital presenta desafíos que se repiten: un modelo legislativo no adaptado a los cambios digitales, intereses de actores tradicionales que no quieren perder sus cuotas de mercado y poder, además del desconocimiento de fenómenos nuevos que rápidamente se instalan en nuestra cotidianeidad.
Electricity load forecasting using clustering and ARIMA model for energy management in buildings
Authors: Nepal Bishnu , Yamaha Motoi , Yokoe Aya , Yamaji Toshiya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the energy consumption patterns of buildings and investing efforts toward energy load reduction is important for optimizing resources and conserving energy in buildings. In this research, we proposed a forecasting method for the electricity load of university buildings using a hybrid model comprising a clustering technique and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. The novel approach includes clustering data of an entire year, including the forecasting day using K‐means clustering, and using the result to forecast the electricity peak load of university buildings. The combination of clustering and the ARIMA model has proved to increase the performance of forecasting rather than that using the ARIMA model alone. Forecasting electricity peak load with appreciable accuracy several hours before peak hours can provide the management authorities with sufficient time to design strategies for peak load reduction. This method can also be implemented in the demand response for reducing electricity bills by avoiding electricity usage during the high electricity rate hours.
Chromatic Dispersion Manipulation Based on Metalenses
Authors: Zang Wenbo , Yuan Quan , Chen Run , Li Lin , Li Tianyue , Zou Xiujuan , Zheng Gaige , Chen Zhuo , Wang Shuming , Wang Zhenlin , Zhu Shining 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetasurfaces are 2D metamaterials composed of subwavelength nanoantennas according to specific design. They have been utilized to precisely manipulate various parameters of light fields, such as phase, polarization, amplitude, etc., showing promising functionalities. Among all meta‐devices, the metalens can be considered as the most basic and important application, given its significant advantage in integration and miniaturization compared with traditional lenses. However, the resonant dispersion of each nanoantenna in a metalens and the intrinsic chromatic dispersion of planar devices and optical materials result in a large chromatic aberration in metalenses that severely reduces the quality of their focusing and imaging. Consequently, how to effectively suppress or manipulate the chromatic aberration of metalenses has attracted worldwide attention in the last few years, leading to variety of excellent achievements promoting the development of this field. Herein, recent progress in chromatic dispersion control based on metalenses is reviewed.
In Situ Electrochemical Synthesis of a Conducting Polymer Composite for Multimetabolite Sensing
Authors: Wustoni Shofarul , Hidalgo Tania C. , Hama Adel , Ohayon David , Savva Achilleas , Wei Nini , Wehbe Nimer , Inal Sahika 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElectrochemical polymerization is a versatile method for rapid deposition of conducting polymer (CP) films. The target substrates have, however, been limited to planar, metallic surfaces; hence, the devices that integrate electropolymerized CP films have predominantly been passive electrodes. In this work, it is shown that electrochemical polymerization has a high degree of freedom, which allows growing biofunctionalized CP films in microscale transistor channels. CP films are electrochemically deposited from two monomers, namely, 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and hydroxymethyl EDOT (EDOTOH), inside the channel of an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT). In aqueous electrolytes, the copolymer p(EDOT‐ran‐EDOTOH) shows excellent charging capability and OECT performance. The presence of hydroxyl groups facilitates stable incorporation of catalytic enzymes in the copolymer matrix during electropolymerization, rendering OECT channels biologically functionalized. The transistor channels made of CP films with the entrapped enzyme show output characteristics that change with respect to the concentration of its target metabolite. In the form of a miniaturized, single chip, the multi‐transistor platform simultaneously measures glucose, cholesterol, and lactate concentrations of a given fluid. With the ability to grow and pattern CPs functionalized with biorecognition units on miniaturized areas, this technique promises for the development of multiplexed platforms for electronic biosensing.
Stereoselective Intermolecular [4+2] Process of N,O‐acetals with Terminal Alkynes for Construction of Functional cis‐Pyrido and Pyrrolo[1,2‐c][1,3]oxazin‐1‐ones
Authors: Wang Chen , Mao Zhuo‐Ya , Liu Yi‐Wen , Wang Qiao‐E , Si Chang‐Mei , Wei Bang‐Guo , Lin Guo‐Qiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA diastereoselective approach to access cis‐pyrido and pyrrolo[1,2‐c][1,3]oxazin‐1‐ones has been developed through a one‐pot BF3.Et2O‐catalyzed [4+2] process starting with N,O‐acetals and terminal alkynes. In addition, the utility of this transformation is demonstrated by the scalable synthesis of (+)‐Febrifugine in 7 steps from the N,O‐acetal (15% overall yield).magnified image
Polydopamine Nanoparticle Doped Nanofluid for Solar Thermal Energy Collector Efficiency Increase
Authors: Hauser Daniel , Steinmetz Lukas , Balog Sandor , Taladriz‐Blanco Patricia , Septiadi Dedy , Wilts Bodo D. , Petri‐Fink Alke , Rothen‐Rutishauser Barbara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolydopamine can form black nanoparticles and has recently been gaining attention due to its extraordinary heating properties upon excitation with light. Herein, polydopamine hybrid nanoparticles are synthesized in different sizes and subsequently added to a solar fluid to analyze heating ability. The solar fluids with the differently sized hybrid polydopamine particles are compared to a solar fluid containing food coloring (i.e., micrometer‐sized soot particles, similar to India Ink) and silver nanoparticles. The hybrid polydopamine nanoparticles are found to heat more efficiently than silver nanoparticles or food coloring, respectively. In addition, no hybrid polydopamine nanoparticle deposits are found in the direct absorption solar collector in comparison to the solar fluids doped with silver nanoparticles or food coloring. Thus, this work shows that hybrid polydopamine nanoparticles are promising candidates to increase the efficiency of solar fluids.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon‐Coated CuO‐In2O3 p–n Heterojunction for Remarkable Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Sun Liming , Zhuang Yuan , Yuan Yusheng , Zhan Wenwen , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Han Xiguang , Zhao Yanli 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCuO as a catalyst has shown promising application prospects in photocatalytic splitting of water into hydrogen (H2). However, the instability of CuO in amine aqueous solution limits the applications of CuO‐based photocatalysts in the photocatalytic H2 evolution. In this work, a novel dodecahedral nitrogen (N)‐doped carbon (C) coated CuO‐In2O3 p–n heterojunction (DNCPH) is designed and synthesized by directly pyrolyzing benzimidazole‐modified dodecahedral Cu/In‐based metal‐organic frameworks, showing long‐term stability in triethanolamine (TEOA) aqueous solution and excellent photocatalytic H2 production efficiency. The improved stability of DNCPH in TEOA solution is ascribed to the alleviation of electron deficiency in CuO by forming the p–n heterojunction and the protection with coated N‐doped C layer. Based on detailed theoretical calculations and experimental studies, it is found that the improved separation efficiency of photogenerated electron/hole pairs and the mediated adsorption behavior (|∆GH*|→0) by coupling N‐doped C layer with CuO‐In2O3 p–n heterojunction lead to the excellent photocatalytic H2 production efficiency of DNCPH. This work provides a feasible strategy for effectively applying CuO‐based photocatalysts in photocatalytic H2 production.
Monolithic Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells: Pathways to Over 30% Efficiency
Authors: Shen Heping , Walter Daniel , Wu Yiliang , Fong Kean Chern , Jacobs Daniel A. , Duong The , Peng Jun , Weber Klaus , White Thomas P. , Catchpole Kylie R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe article commences with a review focusing on three critical aspects of the perovskite/Si tandem technology: the evolution of efficiencies to date, comparisons of Si subcell choices, and the interconnection design strategies. Building on this review, a clear route is provided for minimizing optical losses aided by optical simulations of a recently reported high‐efficiency perovskite/Si tandem system, optimizations which result in tandem current densities of ≈20 mAcm−2 with front‐side texture. The primary focus is on electrical modeling on the Si‐subcell, in order to understand the efficiency potential of this cell under filtered light in a tandem configuration. The possibility of increasing the Si subcell efficiency by 1% absolute is offered through joint improvements to the bulk lifetime, which exceeds 4 ms, and improves surface passivation quality to saturation current densities below 10 fA cm−2. Polycrystalline‐Si/SiOx passivating contacts are proposed as a promising alternative to partial‐area rear contacts, with the potential for further simplifying cell fabrication and improving device performance. A combination of optical modeling of the complete tandem structure alongside electrical modeling of the Si‐subcell, both with state‐of‐the‐art modeling tools, provides the first complete picture of the practical efficiency potential of perovskite/Si tandems.
Atomic Structure Modification for Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Chen Xinrui , Guo Yitian , Du Xinchuan , Zeng Yushuang , Chu Junwei , Gong Chuanhui , Huang Jianwen , Fan Cong , Wang Xianfu , Xiong Jie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), as an environmentally friendly method to convert nitrogen to ammonia at ambient temperature and pressure, has attracted the attention of numerous researchers. However, when compared with industrial production, electrochemical NRR often suffers from unsatisfactory yields and poor Faraday efficiency (FE). Recently, various structure engineering strategies have aimed to introduce extra active sites or enhance intrinsic activity to optimize the activation and hydrogenation of N2. In this review, recent progress in atomic structure modification is summarized and discussed to design high‐efficiency NRR catalysts, with a focus on defect engineering (heteroatom doping and atom vacancy), surface orientation and amorphization, as well as heterostructure engineering. In addition, existing challenges and future development directions are proposed to obtain more credible NRR catalysts with high catalytic performance and selectivity.
Nanoparticle evolution in flame spray pyrolysis—Process design via experimental and computational analysis
Authors: Meierhofer Florian , Mädler Lutz , Fritsching Udo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), the evolution of metal oxide nanoparticles relies on quite a number of droplet (liquid) and vapor phase related physical mechanism as for instance precursor evaporation, oxidation, nucleation via gas‐to‐particle conversion mechanism, and subsequent particle (solid) growth mechanisms based on coagulation, sintering/coalescence, and agglomeration. The liquid precursor and dispersion oxygen feed rates are relevant control parameters of the FSP process for tailoring the nanoparticle size (diameter) and structure as well as the atomizer nozzle configuration. Sophisticated nonintrusive, laser‐based in situ and ex situ diagnostics with multiscale spatial resolution (micrometer to meter range) are applied for analyzing droplet formation and size, gas velocity, temperature, species concentration, as well as primary and agglomerate diameters along the flow direction. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are coupled with population balance modeling (PBM) to elucidate the nanoparticle dynamics within the reactive spray. It is found that the CFD‐PBM approach allows estimations of primary and agglomerate nanoparticle diameters within 80 and 75% accuracy compared to experimental data, suggesting that the methods presented could pave the way for designing next‐generations of flame reactors.
Impact of Draf III, Draf IIb, and Draf IIa frontal sinus surgery on nasal irrigation distribution
Authors: Barham Henry P. , Hall Christian A. , Hernandez Stephen C. , Zylicz Harry E. , Stevenson Megan M. , Zito Brittany A. , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundDelivery of topical pharmacotherapy to the paranasal sinuses remains integral to the management of chronic rhinosinusitis. The frontal sinus remains a difficult access site for irrigations, often limited by its position relative to the nostril and ethmoid sinus. In view of the previous demonstration of improved frontal sinus irrigation with Draf III vs Draf IIa, in this work we sought to evaluate topical access of Draf IIb relative to Draf IIa and Draf III modification of the frontal sinus outflow tract.MethodsUnfixed human cadaver heads were dissected using Draf IIa, Draf IIb, and Draf III frontal sinusotomies. Draf IIa, Draf IIb, and Draf III frontal sinusotomies were performed in progressive sequence on each cadaver head. Nasal irrigation fluid access to the frontal sinus was tested after each successive frontal sinus intervention. Irrigations were performed using Frankfort horizontal and vertex positioning. Blinded reviewers were then asked to evaluate nasal irrigation access based on an ordinal scale.ResultsEight cadaveric specimens (age, 78 ± 12.3 years; 62.5% female) were assessed. The greatest distribution scores were recorded by Draf III, then IIb, and then IIa (90.7% vs 81.3% vs 50.1%; p < 0.001). Similarly, the rate of lavage was greatest with Draf III (50% vs 12.5% vs 12.5%). Vertex positioning and increasing volume trended toward improved distribution but did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionAdequate delivery of topical therapy to the paranasal sinuses by nasal irrigation remains critical in the postoperative state. Although increasing the dimensions of the frontal recess improves nasal irrigation delivery, the Draf III procedure provides the optimal delivery of pharmacotherapy in those with frontal sinus disease.
A joint neural network model for combining heterogeneous user data sources: An example of at‐risk student prediction
Authors: Qiao Chen , Hu Xiao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInformation service providers often require evidence from multiple, heterogeneous information sources to better characterize users and offer personalized service. In many cases, statistic information (for example, users' profiles) and sequentially dynamic information (for example, logs of interaction with information systems) are two prominent sources that can be combined to achieve optimized results. Previous attempts in combining these two sources mainly exploited models designed for either static or sequential information, but not both. This study aims to fill the gap by proposing a novel joint neural network model that can naturally fit both static and sequential user data. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, this study uses the problem of at‐risk student prediction as an example where both static data (personal profiles) and sequential data (event logs) are involved. A thorough evaluation was conducted on an open data set, with comparisons to a range of existing approaches including both static and sequential models. The results reveal superb performances of the proposed method. Implications of the findings on further research and applications of joint models are discussed.
The quintessential form of diastolic heart failure in older adults: Wild type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Driggin Elissa , Maurer Mathew S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWild‐type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRwt) is now recognized as a common cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In this review, we aim to describe the unique epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and clinical features associated with ATTwt cardiac amyloidosis. Compared to other etiologies of HFpEF, ATTRwt cardiac amyloidosis affects almost exclusively older adults, demonstrating a characteristic age‐dependent penetrance that impacts both the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. In addition, ATTR cardiac amyloidosis demonstrates a unique pathophysiology in contrast to other etiologies of HFpEF, which results in a characteristic phenotype that can raise suspicion for ATTRwt cardiac amyloid in the appropriate demographic. With these distinguishing features in mind, we aim to describe the specific signs, symptoms, and imaging characteristics associated with ATTRwt cardiac amyloidosis, including the role of nuclear scintigraphy that has essentially eliminated the need for biopsy in most patients with suspected disease. Finally, we review the evidence behind the available therapeutic agents, as well as those under investigation, which will change the way we manage older patients with ATTRwt cardiac amyloidosis in the coming years.