bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deflating Super-puffs: Impact of Photochemical Hazes on the Observed Mass–Radius Relationship of Low-mass Planets
Authors: Gao Peter , Zhang Xi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The observed mass–radius relationship of low-mass planets informs our understanding of their composition and evolution. Recent discoveries of low-mass, large-radius objects (“super-puffs”) have challenged theories of planet formation and atmospheric loss, as their high inferred gas masses make them vulnerable to runaway accretion and hydrodynamic escape. Here we propose that high-altitude photochemical hazes could enhance the observed radii of low-mass planets and explain the nature of super-puffs. We construct model atmospheres in radiative-convective equilibrium and compute rates of atmospheric escape and haze distributions, taking into account haze coagulation, sedimentation, diffusion, and advection by an outflow wind. We develop mass–radius diagrams that include atmospheric lifetimes and haze opacity, which is enhanced by the outflow, such that young (∼0.1–1 Gyr), warm (T
eq ≥ 500 K), low-mass objects (M

c
< 4 M
⊕) should experience the most apparent radius enhancement due to hazes, reaching factors of three. This reconciles the densities and ages of the most extreme super-puffs. For Kepler-51b, the inclusion of hazes reduces its inferred gas mass fraction to <10%, similar to that of planets on the large-radius side of the sub-Neptune radius gap. This suggests that Kepler-51b may be evolving toward that population and that some warm sub-Neptunes may have evolved from super-puffs. Hazes also render transmission spectra of super-puffs and sub-Neptunes featureless, consistent with recent measurements. Our hypothesis can be tested by future observations of super-puffs’ transmission spectra at mid-infrared wavelengths, where we predict that the planet radius will be half of that observed in the near-infrared.
L’intercompréhension, un tremplin pour les conversations exolingues en e-tandem ?
Authors: Marneffe Monique 
Published: February 2020

Les perceptions d’environ quatre-vingt-dix étudiants sont analysées en relation avec deux modes d’interaction dans des e-tandems synchrones (compétence orale) : les interactions en intercompréhension (mode bilingue: chacun parle sa propre langue 1 au sein d’une même conversation) et les interactions monolingues exolingues (une langue partagée par un locuteur L1 et un locuteur L2 est parlée en alternance, d’une semaine à l’autre). Les étudiants sont francophones (ULiège) et néerlandophones (KU Leuven) (premier cycle en linguistique appliquée). Deux groupes sont formés: le premier groupe échange dans sa langue 1 (intercompréhension) (quatre conversations) puis passe en mode monolingue exolingue (quatre conversations: deux en français et deux en néerlandais). Le deuxième groupe interagit directement en mode monolingue exolingue pendant huit conversations. Deux questionnaires sont remplis: l'un après les quatre premières conversations, l'autre après les quatre dernières. L'objectif de la recherche est de spécifier quel type d'échange est préféré et si les préférences varient d'une communauté culturelle à l'autre. Les premiers résultats semblent montrer que les francophones considèrent l’intercompréhension comme utile au début des conversations, tandis que les néerlandophones considèrent ce mode d'interaction plutôt superflu.
Zebrafish NIK Mediates IFN Induction by Regulating Activation of IRF3 and NF-κB
Authors: Chen Bo , Li Chen , Yao Jian , Shi Lin , Liu Wanmeng , Wang Fang , Huo Shitian , Zhang Yongan , Lu Yuanan , Ashraf Usama , Ye Jing , Liu Xueqin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Type I IFN mediates the innate immune system to provide defense against viral infections. NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK) potentiates the basal activation of endogenous STING, which facilitates the recruitment of TBK1 with the ectopically expressed IRF3 to induce IFN production. Moreover, NIK phosphorylates IKKα and confers its ability to phosphorylate p100 (also known as NF-κB2) in mammals. Our study demonstrated that NIK plays a critical role in IFN production in teleost fish. It was found that NIK interacts with IKKα in the cytoplasm and that IKKα phosphorylates the NIK at the residue Thr432, which is different from the mammals. Overexpression of NIK caused the activation of IRF3 and NF-κB, which in turn led to the production of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, the ectopic expression of NIK was observed to be associated with a reduced replication of the fish virus, whereas silencing of endogenous NIK had an opposite effect in vitro. Furthermore, NIK knockdown significantly reduced the expression of IFN and key ISGs in zebrafish larvae after spring viremia of carp virus infection. Additionally, the replication of spring viremia of carp virus was enhanced in NIK knockdown zebrafish larvae, leading to a lower survival rate. In summary, our findings revealed a previously undescribed function of NIK in activating IFN and ISGs as a host antiviral response. These findings may facilitate the establishment of antiviral therapy to combat fish viruses.
γδ T Cells Kill Plasmodium falciparum in a Granzyme- and Granulysin-Dependent Mechanism during the Late Blood Stage
Authors: Hernández-Castañeda Maria Andrea , Happ Katharina , Cattalani Filippo , Wallimann Alexandra , Blanchard Marianne , Fellay Isabelle , Scolari Brigitte , Lannes Nils , Mbagwu Smart , Fellay Benoît , Filgueira Luis , Mantel Pierre-Yves , Walch Michael 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Plasmodium spp., the causative agent of malaria, have a complex life cycle. The exponential growth of the parasites during the blood stage is responsible for almost all malaria-associated morbidity and mortality. Therefore, tight immune control of the intraerythrocytic replication of the parasite is essential to prevent clinical malaria. Despite evidence that the particular lymphocyte subset of γδ T cells contributes to protective immunity during the blood stage in naive hosts, their precise inhibitory mechanisms remain unclear. Using human PBMCs, we confirmed in this study that γδ T cells specifically and massively expanded upon activation with Plasmodium falciparum culture supernatant. We also demonstrate that these activated cells gain cytolytic potential by upregulating cytotoxic effector proteins and IFN-γ. The killer cells bound to infected RBCs and killed intracellular P. falciparum via the transfer of the granzymes, which was mediated by granulysin in a stage-specific manner. Several vital plasmodial proteins were efficiently destroyed by granzyme B, suggesting proteolytic degradation of these proteins as essential in the lymphocyte-mediated death pathway. Overall, these data establish a granzyme- and granulysin-mediated innate immune mechanism exerted by γδ T cells to kill late-stage blood-residing P. falciparum.
Effect of Dose and Schedule of L-Asparaginase Administration on Early Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Gupta Satyanker , Sehrawat Amit , Dang Ketan , Sharma Lalit , Jaiswal Sarita , Chakarbarti Suparno 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and Objectives: L-asparaginase has become the backbone of acute lymphoblastic leukemia induction. In Berlin–Frankfurt–Munster (BFM) 95/2000 protocols, L-asparaginase was given twice weekly for initial 4 weeks. While sufficient L-asparaginase levels are important, there is no apparent correlation between high L-asparaginase levels and minimal residual disease (MRD). In view of toxicities of L-asparaginase, we planned to study the effect of dose and schedule of Escherichia coli-derived L-asparaginase on early MRD by phasing the same total dose, once a week over 8 weeks. Methods: This prospective, observational study enrolled 45 children and young adults ≤40 years. Modified BFM 95 protocol was followed. Weekly 5000 IU/m2 L-asparaginase was given intravenously, and MRD was analyzed at the end of 4 weeks (MRD1) and at 8 weeks (MRD2), using multicolor flow cytometry. MRD positive was defined as residual blasts ≥0.01%. Results: Thirty-one patients were eligible for final analysis. Nine could receive scheduled eight doses of L-asparaginase and 22 patients received less than eight doses. We analyzed age, gender, diagnosis, prednisone response, cytogenetics, central nervous system status, BFM risk group, MRD2, and relapse. L-asparaginase dose association was not statistically significant with respect to MRD2 (P = 0.237). There were no cases of pancreatitis, hypersensitivity, bleeding, or thrombosis. Reasons for patients receiving less than the scheduled eight doses were low serum fibrinogen levels and liver dysfunction. This study revealed 8 MRD1-negative and 13 MRD2-negative patients. Conclusion: L-asparaginase dose intensity does not affect early MRD. Phasing L-asparaginase over 8 weeks could lead to the achievement of more MRD2-negative status and thereby improve long-term outcome. This strategy may also reduce the incidence of adverse drug events.
Anthracycline‑Induced Cardiac Toxicity: A Clinical Review
Authors: Abbas Adil Abdelhameed , AlAzmi Aeshah Abdu Mubarak 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnthracyclines (ATCs) have a great efficacy against many types of cancer and is currently considered a cornerstone in the treatment of numerous pediatric and adult hematological and solid tumors. Great advances have been achieved after the entry of ATC group into the cancer treatment in the early 1960s, and the overall survival ratio has increased from 30% to near 70%. Due to their significant role and great value in cancer therapy, which is persistent to date, ATCs are listed in the World Health Organization model list of essential medicines. The clinical use of ATC such as doxorubicin and daunorubicin can be viewed as a sort of double-edged sword. On the one hand, ATCs play an undisputed key role in the treatment of many neoplastic diseases; on the other hand, the administration of ATC is associated with the risk of severe adverse effects. The most common side effect of the ATC group is cardiotoxicity (CTX), which may limit its use and increases mortality and morbidity rates. The clinical use of ATC is limited by unique maximum total cumulative dose (approximately 350 mg/m2) limiting CTX. ATC CTX is cumulative dose-dependent and is in most of the occasions irreversible. Lowering the cumulative dose has been proved to be useful in minimize the risk of heart failure (HF), but, yet, there is a growing concern that HF might occur following doses that were thought to be safe. The average incidence of HF is around 5% at a cumulative dose of 400 mg/m2 that becomes higher above 500 mg/m2, albeit with substantial individual variation. The newer generations ATC medications such as epirubicin, idarubicin, and mitoxantrone were thought to be safer; however, subsequent clinical studies showed more or less similar toxicity profiles. The use of cardioprotective agents (e.g., dexrazoxane and amifostine) has been associated with improved safety range; however, questions are looming on their effect on ATC antitumor effects. An overwhelming amount of clinical evidence suggests that ATCs are too good to be old. Yet, they would look much better if they caused less harm to the heart when administered as either single agents or in combination with otherwise promising new drugs. In this review article, we present a comprehensive account on the ATC and provide up to date data on their clinical use and toxicity profile. In addition, we provide a contemporary approach on the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of ATC CTX.
Paraneoplastic Palmar Fasciitis and Polyarthritis Syndrome in a Metastatic Breast Cancer Patient: Rare Case Report
Authors: Sehrawat Amit , Rao Trivikram , Sharma Lalit , Parthasarathy KM 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPalmar fasciitis and polyarthritis syndrome (PFAPS) is a rare paraneoplastic event that has been reported mainly in ovarian cancers. Clinical diagnosis of PFAPS is characterized by the diagnosis of neoplasm with accompanying flexion contractures, inflammatory fasciitis, fibrosis, and generalized arthritis of the hands. Since first published report, only rare few additional cases of PFPAS have been reported. In this case report, we describe a patient with metastatic breast cancer who subsequently developed PFPAS in association with advanced breast cancer. She had clinical rheumatological symptoms course parallel to her primary breast cancer disease status.
Trastuzumab Deruxtecan: A Quantum Leap in HER2‑Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Dhanushkodi Manikandan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDocetaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab, known as THP, is the preferred first-line treatment for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer, and the second-line drug of choice is trastuzumab emtansine. Most patients eventually develop resistance to systemic therapy. Trastuzumab deruxtecan, a novel HER2-targeted antibody drug conjugate, has shown to be promising in this subset. It is a HER2-targeted antibody drug conjugate structurally composed of humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, cleavable tetra-peptide-based liker, and a potent payload (topoisomerase 1 inhibitor: Exatecan). A phase 2 trial of heavily pretreated advanced HER2-positive breast cancer (median of six lines of prior therapy) showed an overall response of 61% and a median progression-free survival of 16 months. In December 2019, the Food and Drug Administration announced accelerated approval of trastuzumab deruxtecan for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer patients who were prior exposed to two or more lines of anti-HER2 therapy in a metastatic setting.
Importance of Cytohistological Correlation and Diagnostic Utility of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Gastric Glomus Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Saran Ravindra Kumar , Nabi Prithiviraj , Nag Hirdaya H , Srivastava Siddharth 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present a case of gastric glomus tumor (GGT) in a 60-year-old female patient presented with progressive dysphagia for both solid and liquid diagnosed with the help of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology with histological correlation and detailed immunohistochemistry evaluation. Till date, only seven cases were correctly diagnosed by EUS-guided aspiration cytology. We report this case to highlight the cytological features and importance of EUS in diagnosing GGT.
Clinicoepidemilogical Correlation of BRCA 1 and 2 Mutations in Carcinoma Ovary - an Indian Perspective
Authors: Rathore Anvesh , Vishwanath S , Ranjan Subhash , Pathak Abhishek , Dubey AP , Nikhil P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction: All over the world in 2008, approximately 225,000 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and 140,000 died from this disease.1 Ovarian cancer is the second-most common gynecologic malignancy in the developed countries. In the developing countries, it is the third-most common gynecologic malignancy after breast and cervical cancer with an incidence of 5.0/100,000 and a mortality rate of 3.1/100,000. Women with BRCA1 gene mutations typically develop ovarian cancer at an earlier age than other women, with an average age at diagnosis of 50-year-old while for patients with BRCA2 mutation carriers it is 60 years, similar to the general population. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to study the incidence, clinical profile, and outcomes of a patient with BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation in carcinoma ovary and its comparison with patients without mutation. Results: Out of total 50 patients, 45 (90%) were BRCA negative and rest fi ve (10%) were BRCA positive. Of the five patients, only two (4% of total) had pathological mutations while the rest of three patients had benign mutations only. Overall median age of presentation was 61 years for BRCA-negative patients and 38 years for BRCA-positive patients. Most of the patients presented in Stage III (23 out of 50; 46%), while the second-most common presentation was in Stage IV (34%). In our study, we had an overall mortality of one patient who was BRCA negative, in Stage IV while no mortality was noted in BRCA positive subset of patients. Conclusion: This was a single center-based and spanned over 24 months involving limited number of patients with ovarian cancer with maximum follow-up for 9 months.
Tobacco Cessation: Are Oral Cancer Patients Ready for It
Authors: Sujatha S , Iyengar Asha , Pruthvish S , Priyadharshini R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aims: The objective was to examine the predictors of readiness to quit tobacco among oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) and oral cancer (OC) patients in dental health care setting. Settings and Design: Two hundred and seven patients diagnosed with OC or OPMDs comprising 153 males and 54 females, with mean age being 52.2 years, with varying levels of addiction formed the study group. Subjects and Methods: Readiness to quit tobacco as measured by the ladder of change and the single-item readiness question was significantly correlated with measures of perceived risk. Statistical Analysis Used and Results: Pearson’s correlations showed that readiness to quit tobacco was significantly correlated with the participant’s perception of his or her health compared with other tobacco users of the same age (P < 0.005). Readiness to quit was positively correlated with the degree to which participants felt that their oral condition is related to their tobacco use (P < 0.001), how much their general health is affected by tobacco use (P < 0.01), and how much quitting tobacco could influence their health positively (P < 0.001). Post hoc analyses showed that readiness to quit was also significantly and negatively correlated with nicotine addiction (P < 0.001) and decisional balance scores (P < 0.01). Conclusions: There is an urgent need for tobacco risk assessment, intervention, and education with this population of patients, and hence, health professionals can play a significant role in motivating and assisting to quit.
Depression in Cancer Patients: Magnitude of Problem and Factors Responsible
Authors: Rastogi Kartick , Rakesh Amrita , Bairwa Subhash Chand , Bhaskar Sandeep , Gupta Shivani , Sharma Shantanu , Jain Sandeep 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Context: Cancer patients usually have various psychological complications, depression being the most common among them. Depression poses difficulties in continuing the prescribed treatment within the scheduled time frame, ultimately affecting the outcome. Aims: The aims of this study were to determine the magnitude of depression and various factors associated with it, to initiate the timely intervention. Subjects and Materials: Brief Edinburgh Depression Scale was used to measure depression in 203 cancer patients who received chemotherapy at Department of Radiotherapy, SMS Medical College, Jaipur; in August 2017, were above 18 years of age, and could read, understand, and write. Association of depression with various factors such as age, gender, education and occupation details, income, marital status, history of other comorbid disease, type and site of cancer, presence of metastases, number of chemotherapy cycles going on, and source of cost of therapy, was also computed. Results: Of 203 patients, depression was present in 130 (64%) patients. Statistically significant association of depression was found with both extremes of the age (P = 0.04), paid treatment (P = 0.03), and <4 chemotherapy cycles (P = 0.04). No significant association was seen between depression and gender, occupation, performance status, site of cancer, presence of coexisting disease, and metastases. Conclusions: The magnitude of depression was high (present in 64% of patients) which often gets unnoticed. Depression should routinely be screened among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and patients found to have depression should be referred to a psychiatrist for timely management.
Onbekend maakt onbemind? Onderzoek naar de mogelijke invloed van informatieverschaffing over en uitbreiding van de reikwijdte van de accountantscontrole op het oordeel van stakeholders
Authors: Brouwer Arjan , Ummels Linda 
Published: February 2020

In dit artikel doen we verslag van onderzoek naar de mate waarin informatieverschaffing over de aard en reikwijdte van de controle kan bijdragen aan het verkleinen van de verwachtingskloof. Wij concluderen dat beter geïnformeerde stakeholders die het werk van de accountant van dichterbij kunnen waarnemen, zoals de Raad van Commissarissen en Auditcommissie, positiever oordelen over de effectiviteit van de controle dan stakeholders die hiervoor zijn aangewezen op openbare informatie, waaronder investeerders.
Er zijn indicaties, maar geen overtuigend bewijs, dat meer informatieverschaffing over de reikwijdte en het proces van de controle in enige mate kan bijdragen aan een positiever oordeel van stakeholders. Belangrijke informatie over de controle die via de uitgebreide controleverklaring wordt gecommuniceerd, zoals reikwijdte en materialiteit, wordt door een meerderheid van de stakeholders die zich op openbare informatie moet baseren echter niet gelezen.
Wij concluderen daarom dat het voor een positiever oordeel van stakeholders over de effectiviteit van de controle van belang is dat accountants ook andere methoden en kanalen hanteren om ze beter te informeren over het proces van de accountantscontrole en dat betere informatieverschaffing via de controleverklaring alleen niet voldoende is om dit te realiseren. Aangezien de wensen en verwachtingen verschillen tussen stakeholdergroepen is het daarnaast van belang om met alle partijen binnen de rapportageketen te onderzoeken of en welke uitbreiding van de reikwijdte van de accountantscontrole met werkzaamheden ten aanzien van belangrijkste risico’s en onzekerheden, langetermijnlevensvatbaarheid, alternatieve winstbegrippen, fraude en naleving van wet- en regelgeving wenselijk is en hoe dit gerealiseerd kan worden.