bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel ISM‐SAM strategy, based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis, to compensate for matrix effects in the determination of pyruvic acid
Authors: Zhao Jinhui , Zhang Mingjia , Guo Jing , Meng Fanyu , Liu Xiaowei , Yu Jiaying , Liu Liyan 
Published: January 2021

RationaleThe matrix effect is tricky in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. Although several methods have been proposed to solve this problem, the results were unsatisfactory. Even fewer studies have assessed the performance of corrective methods. Hence, our study focused on assessing several common corrective methods, and then proposed a new strategy to correct for the matrix effect in GC/MS analyses.MethodsIn GC/MS analyses, the internal standard method (ISM) was employed to overcome the matrix effect during the detection of pyruvic acid (PA) in serum samples from a healthy adult female. The accuracy of the ISM was evaluated by comparing it with the standard addition method (SAM). To employ the ISM‐SAM strategy, correction factors (CFs) were established by combining the ISM and the SAM based on different groups. The CFs were used to normalize data onto the results of subsequent analyses.ResultsWhen using the ISM to detect levels of PA, a serious bias is observed, thereby affecting the conclusions reached. In contrast, more reliable data can be obtained after normalizing results by undertaking the ISM‐SAM strategy. The feasibility of this strategy was verified by comparing it with the results of the SAM alone. The ISM‐SAM strategy was successfully applied to quantify the PA levels in healthy people and nephrotic syndrome patients.ConclusionsOur results indicated that a false outcome was presented when only the ISM was used to adjust the data, and important information would be missed if the correction strategy was not carried out. Therefore, ISM‐SAM, as an available correction method, should be adapted to improve the reliability of research results.
The antimammary tumor effects of ethanolic extract of propolis from Adamawa region (Cameroon) are by apoptosis via reactive oxygen species‐mediated mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Zingue Stéphane , Cisilotto Julia , Fogang Robinson Charly Mbe , Tchoupang Edwige Nana , Ndinteh Derek Tantoh , Tchuenguem Fohouo Nestor‐Fernand , Njamen Dieudonné , Creczynski‐Pasa Tânia Beatriz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIdentification of novel natural treatment to combat cancer is a current need. This study was aimed at assessing the anticancer effects of ethanol‐extracted Cameroonian propolis (EEP). The antitumor effect of EPP was evaluated in vitro by measuring; cell viability, cell cycle, cell death mechanism, cell migration/invasion, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm), caspase activity, and apoptosis‐regulating proteins (Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL) in cell lines. In vivo, the effect of EEP against 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)‐induced breast tumorigenesis in rats was assessed. EEP was found to induce cytotoxicity against ER negative MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells by activating apoptosis through ROS‐mediated mitochondrial pathway. The extract equally triggered caspase‐3 and caspase‐9, increment of ROS level, disruption of ΔΨm and down‐regulation of Bcl‐XL and Bcl‐2 proteins. Besides, EPP prevented migration and invasion activities by inhibiting MMP‐2 activity. At all doses it prevented breast tumor incidence (20% in EEP 150 mg/kg vs 70% in DMBA) as well as tumor burden. Tumor sections from EEP‐treated rats showed middle proliferation of mammary ducts with weak inflammatory responses. In summary, Cameroonian propolis exhibited antimammary tumor effects via the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
(Info)Graphically Inclined: A framework of infographic learning
Authors: Smith Jennifer M. , Robertson Marla K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInfographics are appearing in children’s magazines, picture books, and informational texts. Understanding, and ultimately creating, these complex visual representations of information or data requires higher level thinking skills to analyze and understand how the text and graphics work together to convey meaning. The authors provide a framework for infographic exploration, investigation, creation, and integration into larger writing pieces. Each phase of the framework includes specific considerations to assist teachers in scaffolding their students’ infographic learning. Providing students with support through exposure to many types of infographics and modeling infographic interpretation prepares students to critically examine and use infographics as they encounter them both in and out of school.
Mixed NNLO QCD×electroweak corrections of $$ \mathcal{O} $$(Nfαsα) to single-W/Z production at the LHC
Authors: Dittmaier Stefan , Schmidt Timo , Schwarz Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
First results on the radiative corrections of order $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(Nfαsα) are presented for the off-shell production of W or Z bosons at the LHC, where Nf is the number of fermion flavours. These corrections comprise all diagrams at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(αsα) with closed fermion loops, form a gauge-invariant part of the next-to-next-to-leading-order corrections of mixed QCD×electroweak type, and are the ones that concern the issue of mass renormalization of the W and Z resonances. The occurring irreducible two-loop diagrams, which involve only self-energy insertions, are calculated with current standard techniques, and explicit analytical results on the electroweak gauge-boson self-energies at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(αsα) are given. Moreover, the generalization of the complex-mass scheme for a gauge-invariant treatment of the W/Z resonances is described for the order $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(αsα). While the corrections, which are implemented in the Monte Carlo program Rady, are negligible for observables that are dominated by resonant W/Z bosons, they affect invariant-mass distributions at the level of up to 2% for invariant masses of ≳ 500 GeV and are, thus, phenomenologically relevant. The impact on transverse-momentum distributions is similar, taking into account that leading-order predictions to those distributions underestimate the spectrum.
Effect of ceritinib on the pharmacokinetics of coadministered CYP3A and 2C9 substrates: a phase I, multicenter, drug–drug interaction study in patients with ALK + advanced tumors
Authors: Hurtado Felipe K. , de Braud Filippo , De Castro Carpeño Javier , de Miguel Luken Maria Jose , Wang Ding , Scott Jeffrey , Lau Yvonne Y. , McCulloch Tracey , Mau-Sorensen Morten 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Ceritinib is an ALK receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved as first- and second-line treatment in adult patients with ALK + metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study investigated the drug–drug interaction (DDI) potential of ceritinib when coadministered with midazolam and warfarin as probe substrates for CYP3A and CYP2C9 activity, respectively.

Methods
This was a phase I, multicenter, open-label, single sequence, crossover DDI study in 33 adult patients with ALK + NSCLC or other advanced tumors. A single dose of a cocktail consisting of midazolam and warfarin was administered with and without concomitant administration of ceritinib. The primary objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of midazolam and warfarin. Secondary objectives included pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, overall response rate (ORR), and duration of response (DOR) of ceritinib 750 mg once daily.

Results
Ceritinib inhibited CYP3A-mediated metabolism of midazolam, resulting in a markedly increased AUC (geometric mean ratio [90% confidence interval]) by 5.4-fold (4.6, 6.3). Ceritinib also led to an increase in the AUC of S-warfarin by 54% (36%, 75%). The pharmacokinetics and safety profile of ceritinib in this study are consistent with previous reports and no new safety signals were reported. Among the 19 patients with NSCLC, efficacy (ORR: 42.1% and DCR: 63.2%) was similar to that reported previously in studies of pretreated patients with ALK + NSCLC.

Conclusion
Ceritinib is a strong CYP3A inhibitor and a weak CYP2C9 inhibitor. These findings should be reflected as actionable clinical recommendations in the prescribing information for ceritinib with regards to concomitant medications whose pharmacokinetics may be altered by ceritinib.
Molekularpathologie bei urologischen Tumoren
Authors: Hommerding Oliver , Allory Yves , Argani Pedram , Bismar Tarek A. , Bubendorf Lukas , Canete-Portillo Sofía , Chaux Alcides , Chen Ying-Bei , Cheng Liang , Cubilla Antonio L. , Egevad Lars , Gill Anthony J. , Grignon David J. , Hartmann Arndt , Hes Ondrej , Idrees Muhammad T. , Kao Chia-Sui , Knowles Margaret A. , Looijenga Leendert H. J. , Lotan Tamara L. , Pritchard Colin C. , Rubin Mark A. , Tomlins Scott A. , Van der Kwast Theodorus H. , Velazquez Elsa F. , Warrick Joshua I. , Williamson Sean R. , Kristiansen Glen 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDas zunehmende Verständnis molekularer Grundlagen von Tumoren sowie der Fortschritt in der Diversifizierung der onkologischen Therapien versprechen individualisierte Therapieoptionen, welche bislang jedoch nur ansatzweise in die Therapieplanung von urologischen Tumoren eingegangen sind. Daher hat die Internationale Gesellschaft für Urologische Pathologie (ISUP) im März 2019 eine Konsenskonferenz zur Erarbeitung evidenzbasierter Handlungsempfehlungen zur molekularpathologischen Diagnostik beim Urothelkarzinom, Nierenzellkarzinom, Prostatakarzinom, Peniskarzinom und testikulären Keimzelltumoren durchgeführt. Die auf dieser Konsenskonferenz erarbeiteten Empfehlungen sind kürzlich in 5 separaten Manuskripten veröffentlich worden und werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit zusammengefasst.Im Rahmen der Konferenzvorbereitung wurde eine umfassende Umfrage zur derzeitigen Praxis molekularer Testungen bei urogenitalen Tumoren unter den Mitgliedern der ISUP durchgeführt. Auf der Konferenz wurden die Ergebnisse und die entsprechenden Hintergrundinformationen durch 5 Arbeitsgruppen präsentiert und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Diagnostik erarbeitet. Eine Übereinstimmung von 66 % der Konferenzteilnehmer wurde als Konsens definiert.
Fractional Matchings, Component-Factors and Edge-Chromatic Critical Graphs
Authors: Klopp Antje , Steffen Eckhard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe first part of the paper studies star-cycle factors of graphs. It characterizes star-cycle factors of a graphGand proves upper bounds for the minimum number of$$K_{1,2}$$K1,2-components in a$$\{K_{1,1}, K_{1,2}, C_n:n\ge 3\}$${K1,1,K1,2,Cn:n≥3}-factor of a graphG. Furthermore, it shows where these components are located with respect to the Gallai–Edmonds decomposition ofGand it characterizes the edges which are not contained in any$$\{K_{1,1}, K_{1,2}, C_n:n\ge 3\}$${K1,1,K1,2,Cn:n≥3}-factor ofG. The second part of the paper proves that every edge-chromatic critical graphGhas a$$\{K_{1,1}, K_{1,2}, C_n:n\ge 3\}$${K1,1,K1,2,Cn:n≥3}-factor, and the number of$$K_{1,2}$$K1,2-components is bounded in terms of its fractional matching number. Furthermore, it shows that for every edgeeofG, there is a$$\{K_{1,1}, K_{1,2}, C_n:n\ge 3\}$${K1,1,K1,2,Cn:n≥3}-factorFwith$$e \in E(F)$$e∈E(F). Consequences of these results for Vizing’s critical graph conjectures are discussed.
Dydrogesterone in the treatment of endometriosis: evidence mapping and meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Chao , Huang Yan , Zhou Yingfang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Endometriosis is a common, chronic gynecological disease that affects women’s fertility potential. Dydrogesterone is an effective and safe drug that is under-utilized due to limited clinical research. The purpose of this evidence mapping is to identify, describe, and analyze the current available evidence regarding dydrogesterone for the treatment of endometriosis.

Materials and methods
We performed a search in electronic databases: Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM. We also hand-searched google for relevant studies. Our primary outcomes included changes in pain relief including pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. Secondary outcomes included pregnancy rate, frequency of analgesic use, and other reported outcomes according to specific settings in the studies.

Results
Of 377 references screened, 19 studies were included in the data synthesis involving 1709 female participants. Nearly three-quarters were either randomized control trials or clinical control trials. Compared with gestrinone, dydrogesterone relieved dysmenorrhea, increased the pregnancy rate, and reduced the risk of certain adverse events. Compared with GnRH-a, dydrogesterone also lowered the risk of endometriosis recurrence and elevated transaminase levels. Whether there was any difference in efficacy between dydrogesterone and leuprolide acetate, letrozole or traditional Chinese medicine remains unclear due to insufficient data.

Conclusions
The amount and quality of evidence evaluating the effects of dydrogesterone for the treatment of endometriosis is generally very low. Limited evidence suggests that dydrogesterone may have some advantages over gestrinone, GnRH agonists, and other therapeutic interventions in treating endometriosis. However, this conclusion should be interpreted with caution.
Lung neoplasm mimicking as ectopic pregnancy due to paraneoplastic secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin: a case report and literature review
Authors: Peng Jin , lv Shangge , Liu Lin , Feng Shuai , Xing Naidong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The present systematic review aimed to examine the relationship between lung neoplasm and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Especially, women with lung neoplasm mimicking as ectopic pregnancy were explored.

Methods
A rare case of lung neoplasm with high serum β-HCG, which was initially thought to be ectopic pregnancy, was reported. A literature search was performed of the US National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews using appropriate keywords and subject headings to February 2020.

Results
Studies assessed lung neoplasm patients with positive HCG were included. Twenty studies, including 24 patients, were included. These cases illustrate the importance of considering the possibility of paraneoplastic secretion of β-HCG in patients who have a positive pregnancy test. This may prevent a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancy in young women. Of the 24 cases, only 7 (29.17%) were managed surgically; others were managed conservatively or with chemotherapy or radiation.

Conclusion
The present systematic review shows the need to re-awaken awareness and high index of suspicion to lung neoplasm diagnosis in patients with positive pregnancy test.
Immune mechanisms in arterial hypertension. Recent advances
Authors: Wenzel Ulrich O. , Ehmke Heimo , Bode Marlies 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that hypertension and hypertensive end-organ damage are not only mediated by hemodynamic injury. Inflammation also plays an important role in the pathophysiology and contributes to the deleterious consequences of this disease. Cells of the innate immune system including monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells can promote blood pressure elevation via effects mostly on kidney and vascular function. Moreover, convincing evidence shows that T and B cells from the adaptive immune system are involved in hypertension and hypertensive end-organ damage. Skin monocyte/macrophages, regulatory T cells, natural killer T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells have been shown to exert blood pressure controlling effects. Sodium intake is undoubtedly indispensable for normal body function but can be detrimental when taken in excess of dietary requirements. Sodium levels also modulate the function of monocyte/macrophages, dendritic cells, and different T cell subsets. Some of these effects are mediated by changes in the microbiome and metabolome that can be found after high salt intake. Modulation of the immune response can reduce severity of blood pressure elevation and hypertensive end-organ damage in several animal models. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize recent advances in immunity and hypertension as well as hypertensive end-organ damage.
Effects of laparoscopy, laparotomy, and respiratory phase on liver volume in a live porcine model for liver resection
Authors: Kenngott Hannes G. , Nickel Felix , Preukschas Anas A. , Wagner Martin , Bihani Shivalik , Özmen Emre , Wise Philipp A. , Bellemann Nadine , Sommer Christof M. , Norajitra Tobias , Graser Bastian , Stock Christian , Nolden Marco , Mehrabi Araineb , Müller-Stich Beat P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatectomy, living donor liver transplantations and other major hepatic interventions rely on precise calculation of the total, remnant and graft liver volume. However, liver volume might differ between the pre- and intraoperative situation. To model liver volume changes and develop and validate such pre- and intraoperative assistance systems, exact information about the influence of lung ventilation and intraoperative surgical state on liver volume is essential.

Methods
This study assessed the effects of respiratory phase, pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopy, and laparotomy on liver volume in a live porcine model. Nine CT scans were conducted per pig (N = 10), each for all possible combinations of the three operative (native, pneumoperitoneum and laparotomy) and respiratory states (expiration, middle inspiration and deep inspiration). Manual segmentations of the liver were generated and converted to a mesh model, and the corresponding liver volumes were calculated.

Results
With pneumoperitoneum the liver volume decreased on average by 13.2% (112.7 ml ± 63.8 ml, p < 0.0001) and after laparotomy by 7.3% (62.0 ml ± 65.7 ml, p = 0.0001) compared to native state. From expiration to middle inspiration the liver volume increased on average by 4.1% (31.1 ml ± 55.8 ml, p = 0.166) and from expiration to deep inspiration by 7.2% (54.7 ml ± 51.8 ml, p = 0.007).

Conclusions
Considerable changes in liver volume change were caused by pneumoperitoneum, laparotomy and respiration. These findings provide knowledge for the refinement of available preoperative simulation and operation planning and help to adjust preoperative imaging parameters to best suit the intraoperative situation.
Exploiting heterogeneity in operational neural networks by synaptic plasticity
Authors: Kiranyaz Serkan , Malik Junaid , Abdallah Habib Ben , Ince Turker , Iosifidis Alexandros , Gabbouj Moncef 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe recently proposed network model, Operational Neural Networks (ONNs), can generalize the conventional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) that are homogenous only with a linear neuron model. As a heterogenous network model, ONNs are based on a generalized neuron model that can encapsulateanyset of non-linear operators to boost diversity and to learn highly complex and multi-modal functions or spaces with minimal network complexity and training data. However, the default search method to find optimal operators in ONNs, the so-called Greedy Iterative Search (GIS) method, usually takes several training sessions to find a single operator set per layer. This is not only computationally demanding, also the network heterogeneity is limited since the same set of operators will then be used for all neurons in each layer. To address this deficiency and exploit a superior level of heterogeneity, in this study the focus is drawn on searching the best-possible operator set(s) for the hidden neurons of the network based on the “Synaptic Plasticity” paradigm that poses the essential learning theory in biological neurons. During training, each operator set in the library can be evaluated by their synaptic plasticity level, ranked from the worst to the best, and an “elite” ONN can then be configured using the top-ranked operator sets found at each hidden layer. Experimental results over highly challenging problems demonstrate that the elite ONNs even with few neurons and layers can achieve a superior learning performance than GIS-based ONNs and as a result, the performance gap over the CNNs further widens.
Validation of the diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD) 2011, and proposal of a new 2020 version
Authors: Saeki Takako , Kawano Mitsuhiro , Nagasawa Tasuku , Ubara Yoshifumi , Taniguchi Yoshinori , Yanagita Motoko , Nishi Shinichi , Nagata Michio , Hisano Satoshi , Yamaguchi Yutaka , Nomura Hideki , Saito Takao , Nakashima Hitoshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
In 2011, the IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD) working group of the Japanese Society of Nephrology proposed diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RKD. The aim of the present study was to validate those criteria and develop a revised version.

Methods
Between April 2012 and May 2019, we retrospectively collected Japanese patients with kidney disease, for whom data on serum IgG4 values and/or immunohistological staining for IgG4 in renal biopsy samples were available. These patients were classified as IgG4-RKD or non-IgG4-RKD based on the diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RKD 2011, and the results were evaluated by expert opinion. Accordingly, we developed some revised versions of the criteria, and the version showing the best performance in the present cohort was proposed as the IgG4-RKD criteria for 2020.

Results
Of 105 included patients, the expert panel diagnosed 55 as having true IgG4-RKD and 50 as mimickers. The diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RKD 2011 had a sensitivity of 72.7% and a specificity of 90.0% in this cohort. Of the 15 patients with true IgG4-RKD who were classified as non-IgG4-RKD, all lacked biopsy-proven extra-renal lesions, although many had clinical findings highly suggestive of IgG4-RD. The revised version to which “bilateral lacrimal, submandibular or parotid swelling, imaging findings compatible with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis or retroperitoneal fibrosis” was added as an item pertaining to extra-renal organ(s) improved the sensitivity to 90.9% while the specificity remained at 90.0%.

Conclusion
The revised version has considerably improved test performance after addition of the new extra-renal organ item (imaging and clinical findings).
Finite Element Simulations of the ID Venous System to Treat Venous Compression Disorders: From Model Validation to Realistic Implant Prediction
Authors: Zaccaria Alissa , Migliavacca Francesco , Contassot David , Heim Frederic , Chakfe Nabil , Pennati Giancarlo , Petrini Lorenza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ID Venous System is an innovative device proposed by ID NEST MEDICAL to treat venous compression disorders that involve bifurcations, such as the May-Thurner syndrome. The system consists of two components, ID Cav and ID Branch, combined through a specific connection that prevents the migration acting locally on the pathological region, thereby preserving the surrounding healthy tissues. Preliminary trials are required to ensure the safety and efficacy of the device, including numerical simulations. In-silico models are intended to corroborate experimental data, providing additional local information not acquirable by other means. The present work outlines the finite element model implementation and illustrates a sequential validation process, involving seven tests of increasing complexity to assess the impact of each numerical uncertainty separately. Following the standard ASME V&V40, the computational results were compared with experimental data in terms of force-displacement curves and deformed configurations, testing the model reliability for the intended context of use (differences < 10%). The deployment in a realistic geometry confirmed the feasibility of the implant procedure, without risk of rupture or plasticity of the components, highlighting the potential of the present technology.