bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into Ce Doping Induced Oxygen Vacancies over Ce‐Doped Mno2 Catalysts for Imine Synthesis
Authors: Shen Haidong , Bu Jun , Wang Wenbin , Wu Chen , Cao Yueling , Zhang Baoliang , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Hepeng 
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe pursuit of modern sustainable chemistry has stimulated the development of innovative catalytic processes that enable chemical transformations to be performed under mild and clean conditions with high efficiency. Here, an amorphous sheet‐like MnO2 (Ce‐doped MnO2: CMBO) was obtained after Ce doping, which exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the oxidation coupling of alcohol and aniline. Conversion of 99% and a selectivity of 99% could be achieved within 6 h at 60 oC under air atmosphere, and the formation rate of target product was up to 30.2 μmol·h–1·m–2. Based on a series of characterizations, it was found that the doping of Ce into the MnO2 could increase the concentration of the oxygen vacancies, thus forming abundant active surface oxygen species and favoring the mobility of lattice oxygen, which are the main reasons for the greatly enhanced catalytic performance of CMBO. This work indicates that increasing oxygen vacancy by element doping may serve as a facile and efficient way to enhance catalytic performance of transition metal oxide.
Monofluoromethyl‐Substituted Sulfonium Ylides: Preparation, Structure‐Reactivity Study and Substrate Scope†
Authors: Hong Xin , Liu Yafei , Lu Long , Shen Qilong 
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionStructure‐reactivity study of a family of electrophilic monofluoromethylating reagents based on sulfonium ylide skeleton with different steric hindrance and electron‐withdrawing properties was described. These studies led us to discover two highly reactive reagents 3 with a cyclic malonate backbone and 6 with an electron‐poor 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoropentane‐2,4‐dione backbone. The high reactivity of reagent 6 allowed to highly selectively access either C‐monofluoromethylated or O‐monofluoromethylated β‐ketoesters in high yields by the use of different bases. In addition, reactions of reagent 3 with a variety of nucleophiles including phenols, carboxylic acids, thiophenols or heteroaryl nucleophiles occurred in full conversion within 10 min at room temperature and the scopes for these reactions were reported in detail.
A Star‐Shaped Solvatofluorochromic Pyrene‐Triarylamine Derivative as a Fluorescent Thermometer over a Wide Temperature Range†
Authors: Sun Tian‐Ge , Gong Zhong‐Liang , Shao Jiang‐Yang , Zhong Yu‐Wu 
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA star‐shaped compound 1 with a pyrene core and four triarylamine arms has been prepared and characterized. It exhibits intense intramolecular‐charge‐transfer (ICT) emissions with strong solvatofluorochromism. On the basis of the temperature‐dependent emission color and wavelength changes, compound 1 behaves as a fluorescent thermometer between 200 and 400 K with a high theromosensitivity. In comparison, model compounds with one or two triarylamine arms show distinctly lower thermosensitivity.
Differential temporal and spatial post‐injury alterations in cerebral cell morphology and viability
Authors: Amtul Zareen , Najdat Abdullah N. , Hill David J. , Arany Edith J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCombination of ischemia and β‐amyloid (Aβ) toxicity has been shown to simultaneously increase neuro‐inflammation, endogenous Aβ deposition, and neurodegeneration. However, studies on the evolution of infarct and panorama of cellular degeneration as a synergistic or overlapping mechanism between ischemia and Aβ toxicity are lacking. Here, we compared fluorojade B (FJB) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains primarily to examine the chronology of infarct, and the viability and morphological changes in neuroglia and neurons located in different brain regions on d1, d7, and d28 post Aβ toxicity and endothelin‐1 induced ischemia (ET1) in rats. We demonstrated a regional difference in cellular degeneration between cortex, corpus callosum, striatum, globus pallidus, and thalamus after cerebral injury. Glial cells in the cortex and corpus callosum underwent delayed FJB staining from d7 to d28, but neurons in cortex disappeared within the first week of cerebral injury. Striatal lesion core and globus pallidus of Aβ + ET1 rats showed extensive degeneration of neuronal cells compared with ET1 rats alone starting from d1. Differential and exacerbated expressions of cyclooxygenase‐2 might be the cause of excessive neuronal demise in the striatum of Aβ + ET1 rats. Such an investigation may improve our understanding to identify and manipulate a critical therapeutic window post comorbid injury.
Forage accumulation and nutritive value of bermudagrass and alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures when harvested for baleage
Authors: Hendricks Taylor J. , Tucker Jennifer J. , Hancock Dennis W. , Mullenix M. Kimberly , Baxter Lisa L. , Stewart Robert L. , Segers Jacob R. , Bernard John K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInterseeding alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) into bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] can be an effective way to improve forage quality and reduce the need for additional supplementation when fed to livestock. The objective of this research was to compare the nutritive value and forage mass of bermudagrass with and without interseeded alfalfa when harvested as baleage. On 19 Feb. 2016, 0.2‐ha plots were assigned in a randomized complete block design to either ‘Tifton 85’ (T85) or T85 interseeded with ‘Bulldog 805’ alfalfa (T85+Alf) in an established field of Tifton 85 bermudagrass at the University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA. The T85 received 84 kg N ha−1 four times throughout the growing season. Plots were harvested at early bloom stage every 28–35 d throughout the growing season, baled at 40–60% moisture, and individually wrapped. At each harvest, plots were evaluated for botanical composition and forage mass, and bales were sampled prior to wrapping for nutritive value analysis. The T85+Alf plots produced additional harvests each season, leading to greater herbage accumulation than T85 plots (P < .01). The T85+Alf treatment had greater crude protein and total digestible nutrients than T85 in each of the 3 yr, suggesting this mixture will need no or less supplementation to meet the nutritional requirements of a lactating beef cow. Therefore, interseeding alfalfa into a bermudagrass system improves forage mass and nutritive value.
Exploiting interspecific heterosis between African rice and Asian rice
Authors: Sun Yongsheng , He Wenchuang , Xie Yi , Zhao Wubin , Tan Jingfa , Yang Xu , Dang Tengfei , Dong Xilong , Xi Kun , Liu Yuhong , Hu Yalin , Efisue Andrew A. , Jin Deming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore the heterosis of partial interspecific hybrids between African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) and Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its correlation with genetic distance. Sixty‐nine rice accessions including 57 introgression lines (ILs) were tested for population structure and genetic distance. Forty‐nine crosses between ILs and a test variety, Shengtai1 (ST1), were evaluated for midparent heterosis of nine agronomic traits. Population structure, genetic distance, and the proportion of O. glaberrima genome (PGG) of ILs and heterosis of the test crosses were estimated and analyzed. The PGG of the ILs ranged from 1.22 to 49.71%, with an average of 15.29%. The genetic distance between parents of the tested crosses was positively correlated to the PGG of ILs (r = .95, P < .01). Positive heterosis was scored on plant height (12.23%), panicles per plant (19.97%), panicle length (10.37%), spikelets per panicle (24.06%), thousand‐grain weight (14.00%), length/width ratio of grain (0.03%), and grain yield per plant (60.77%) of the partial interspecific hybrids. Although the introgression of more African genomic genes could effectively increase the genetic distance between ILs and the test variety that lead to positive heterosis for most agronomic traits, it could also increase the possibility of the occurrence of interspecific sterility that might decrease the seed setting rate and result in negative heterosis (−2.57%). These data indicated that the introgression of African rice genes into the genome of Asian rice could effectively broaden the genetic diversity, and the deployment of ILs as parents could be a potential way for exploiting interspecific heterosis in rice.
Efficient generation of compact symbolic network functions in a nested rational form
Authors: Filaretov Vladimir , Gorshkov Konstantin 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis paper presents the extension of generalized parameter extraction method for direct circuit function generation in a fully symbolic form of rational expressions or a nested s‐expanded polynomial. The new formula for implicit extraction of parameters that allows effective factoring by grouping of determinants of circuits containing any linear models of active elements, such as controlled sources, nullors, and pathological mirrors, is proposed. The concept of nullor with parameter is used for implicit extraction. The rules of optimal selection of parameters for extraction are presented. The proposed algorithm of symbolic analysis is implemented in the CirSym program, which is available online. The paper discusses the results of automatic analysis of several large active circuits, as well as determinants of matrixes and passive topologies, in terms of compact size and minimization of the number of arithmetic operations. Experimental results demonstrate that the expressions of determinants derived by CirSym are more compact than the results of the factorization algorithms of commercial computer algebra systems. The comparison with several other symbolic analysis algorithms shows that CirSym is the only available program that provides the exact calculation of the symbolic function of large circuits in the s‐expanded form with every coefficient being a compact‐nested expression.
An extra virgin olive oil‐enriched diet improves maternal, placental, and cord blood parameters in GDM pregnancies
Authors: Gomez Ribot Dalmiro , Diaz Esteban , Fazio María Victoria , Gómez Hebe Lorena , Fornes Daiana , Macchi Silvia Beatriz , Gresta Carlos Alberto , Capobianco Evangelina , Jawerbaum Alicia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo address the effect of a diet enriched in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on maternal metabolic parameters and placental proinflammatory markers in Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients.MethodsPregnant women at 24‐28 weeks of gestation were enrolled: 33 GDM patients which were randomly assigned or not to the EVOO‐enriched group and 17 healthy controls. Metabolic parameters were determined. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ and PPARα protein expression, expression of microRNA (miR)‐130a and miR‐518d (which respectively target these PPAR isoforms) and levels of proinflammatory markers were evaluated in term placentas. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity was evaluated in term placentas and umbilical cord blood.ResultsGDM patients that received the EVOO‐enriched diet showed reduced pregnancy weight gain (GDM‐EVOO:10.3 ± 0.9, GDM:14.2 ± 1.4, P = .03) and reduced triglyceridemia (GDM‐EVOO:231 ± 14, GDM:292 ± 21, P = .02) compared to the non‐EVOO‐enriched GDM group. In GDM placentas, the EVOO‐enriched diet did not regulate PPARγ protein expression or miR‐130a expression, but prevented the reduced PPARα protein expression (P = .02 vs GDM) and the increased miR‐518d expression (P = .009 vs GDM). Increased proinflammatory markers (interleukin‐1β, tumour necrosis factor‐α and nitric oxide overproduction) in GDM placentas were prevented by the EVOO‐enriched diet (respectively P = .001, P = .001 and P = .01 vs GDM). MMPs overactivity was prevented in placenta and umbilical cord blood in the EVOO‐enriched GDM group (MMP‐9: respectively P = .01 and P = .001 vs GDM).ConclusionsA diet enriched in EVOO in GDM patients reduced maternal triglyceridemia and weight gain and has antiinflammatory properties in placenta and umbilical cord blood, possibly mediated by the regulation of PPAR pathways.
Variability in condensation water and its determinants in arid regions of north‐western China
Authors: Fang Jing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCondensation water plays an important ecohydrological role in arid and semi‐arid regions. However, little is known about the factors determining the formation of condensation over long term, especially in desert oases in arid areas. During 2005–2014, we investigated the main limiting factors in formation of condensation water for five different surfaces (interdune, dune top, flat vegetation‐free sand, artificial grassland and plantation forest), sand particle sizes, and temperature and humidity control experiment in a typical arid region of north‐western China. Results showed that changes in microhabitat resulting from different surface conditions had a significant influence on the amount of condensation water in arid desert ecosystem. Except for sand particle sizes 0.2–0.02 and 2–0.2 mm, the amount of average daily condensation for different sand particle sizes differed significantly (P < 0.05) and decreased with an increase in sand particle size. Air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), air and surface temperature range (RT) and wind speed (WS) can significantly (P < 0.05) affect the formation of condensation water in arid regions, and the thresholds of condensation water formation were RH > 25% and WS < 3.50 m s−1. Such effects, however, differed among the different surfaces due to different conditions of soil characteristics, microhabitats and regional climate. These results suggest that the influence of site characteristics, microhabitats and regional climate on the formation of condensation water should attract more attention and that both the relative importance and the interactions among different determining factors will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanistic determinants for the formation of condensation water in arid areas.
Characteristics of hypoglycaemic episodes in diabetic patients treated at the emergency room of a Portuguese tertiary centre, 2012‐2016
Authors: Pereira Catarina A. , Almeida Raquel , Dores Jorge 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse changes in the characteristics of hypoglycaemic episodes treated in the emergency room of a tertiary hospital in Portugal between 2012 and 2016.Research Design and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed all emergency room reports for patients discharged with a diagnosis of hypoglycaemia between 2012 and 2016 and analysed demographic characteristics, type of diabetes and treatments, causes of hypoglycaemia and discharge destination. Patients without diabetes were excluded.ResultsIn total, 676 hypoglycaemic episodes were analysed. Most patients were female (59%) and the median age of the patients was 71 years (interquartile range, 57‐81). The proportion of hypoglycaemic episodes relative to all emergency episodes decreased from 1.5% in 2012 to 1.0% in 2016 (P < .001). The proportion of patients with type 1 diabetes increased from 15.6% to 23.8%, while that of patients with type 2 diabetes decreased from 80.3% to 72.3% (nonsignificant differences). There was an increase in the use of insulin (67.1% to 85.4%, P = .02) and a decrease in the use of insulin secretagogues (26.6% to 11.5%, P = .03) over the study period. The rate of hospitalization dropped significantly from 11% in 2012 to 4.3% in 2015 and 5.4% in 2016 (P = .02).ConclusionsDespite the increasing use of newer diabetes medications associated with a lower risk of hypoglycaemia, these episodes still require emergency care. The proportion of patients receiving insulin increased over the years, probably due to the slight increase in the prevalence of type 1 diabetes and the increasing replacement of secretagogues with insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Cell surface IL‐1α trafficking is specifically inhibited by interferon‐γ, and associates with the membrane via IL‐1R2 and GPI anchors
Authors: Chan Julie N.E. , Humphry Melanie , Kitt Lauren , Krzyzanska Dominika , Filbey Kara J. , Bennett Martin R. , Clarke Murray C.H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIL‐1 is a powerful cytokine that drives inflammation and modulates adaptive immunity. Both IL‐1α and IL‐1β are translated as proforms that require cleavage for full cytokine activity and release, while IL‐1α is reported to occur as an alternative plasma membrane‐associated form on many cell types. However, the existence of cell surface IL‐1α (csIL‐1α) is contested, how IL‐1α tethers to the membrane is unknown, and signaling pathways controlling trafficking are not specified. Using a robust and fully validated system, we show that macrophages present bona fide csIL‐1α after ligation of TLRs. Pro‐IL‐1α tethers to the plasma membrane in part through IL‐1R2 or via association with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein, and can be cleaved, activated, and released by proteases. csIL‐1α requires de novo protein synthesis and its trafficking to the plasma membrane is exquisitely sensitive to inhibition by IFN‐γ, independent of expression level. We also reveal how prior csIL‐1α detection could occur through inadvertent cell permeabilisation, and that senescent cells do not drive the senescent‐associated secretory phenotype via csIL‐1α, but rather via soluble IL‐1α. We believe these data are important for determining the local or systemic context in which IL‐1α can contribute to disease and/or physiological processes.
High‐risk cytogenetics in multiple myeloma: Further scrutiny of deletions within the IGH gene region enhances risk stratification
Authors: Smith Scott C. , Althof Pamela A. , Dave Bhavana J. , Sanmann Jennifer N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMultiple myeloma is a clonal malignancy of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Risk stratification is partly based on cytogenetic findings that include abnormalities of the IGH locus as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), such as rearrangements that result in either standard‐risk or high‐risk gene fusions. IGH deletions have been evaluated as a group in multiple myeloma patients with respect to cumulative outcomes but have provided limited guidance. Whether these deletions have the potential to result in gene fusions and thus further stratify patients is unknown. We identified 229 IGH deletions in patients referred for plasma cell dyscrasia genetic testing over 5.5 years. Follow‐up was conducted on 208 of the deletions with dual fusion FISH probes for standard‐risk (IGH‐CCND1) and high‐risk IGH gene fusions (IGH‐FGFR3, IGH‐MAF, IGH‐MAFB). Of all deletions identified with follow‐up, 44 (21%) resulted in a gene fusion as detected by FISH, 15 (7%) of which were fusion partners associated with high‐risk multiple myeloma. All fusion‐positive 3′‐IGH deletions (6 fusions) resulted in high‐risk IGH‐FGFR3 fusions. Of the 15 high‐risk fusion‐positive cases, eight were without other high‐risk cytogenetic findings. This study is the first to evaluate the presence of IGH gene fusions upon identification of IGH deletions and to characterize the deletion locus. Importantly, these findings indicate that follow‐up FISH studies with dual fusion probes should be standard of care when IGH deletions are identified in multiple myeloma.
A low‐grade malignant soft tissue tumor with S100 and CD34 co‐expression showing novel CDC42SE2‐BRAF fusion with distinct features
Authors: Sheng Shao‐Jie , Li Ju‐Ming , Zou Yue‐Fen , Peng Xiao‐Jing , Wang Qian‐Yu , Fang Hai‐Sheng , Li Xiao , Ding Ying , Fan Qin‐He , Zhang Zhi‐Hong , Wei Yong‐Zhong , Gong Qi‐Xing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently, a novel group of spindle cell tumors defined by S100 and CD34 co‐expression harboring recurrent fusions involving RET, RAF1, BRAF, and NTRK1/2 gene has been identified. Morphologically, they are characterized by monomorphic neoplasm cells, “patternless” growth pattern, stromal, and perivascular hyalinization, lacked necrosis. We reported a 52‐year‐old Chinese female patient with a S100 and CD34 co‐expression sarcoma presenting in the right proximal forearm. The forearm mass initially emerged 19 months ago when it was misdiagnosed as a solitary fibrous tumor and was surgically removed without further treatment. Microscopically, the primary and the recurred tumors share the same features, resembling the morphology of the recently characterized group. Nevertheless, some distinct features, such as predominantly epithelioid tumor cells and focally staghorn vessels, were also present in our case. Genomic profiling with clinical next‐generation sequencing was performed and revealed CDC42SE2‐BRAF gene fusion, MET amplification, and CDKN2A/B deletion. Both FISH and nested RT‐PCR were performed to confirm the gene fusion. The patient was treated with crizotinib for two cycles but showed no obvious benefit. The presented case adds to the spectrum of the novel, characterized solid tumors, and provides suggestions for emerging therapeutic strategies for precision medicine involving targeted kinase inhibitors.
Oncology clinical pharmacy services in Chinese hospitals
Authors: Wang Yanting , Dai Yuanyuan , Lau Alan H. , Yang Jun , Chen Wei , Li Guohui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, with an increasing number of oncology patients and continuous introduction of new antitumor drugs in China, the demand for oncology clinical pharmacy services is growing rapidly, which is both an opportunity and a challenge for clinical pharmacists. However, there have not been many reports about different types of oncology clinical pharmacy services in China. In this report, we have summarized different oncology clinical pharmacy services commonly practiced in Chinese hospitals based on our review of the literature and current practice in our hospital. We are reporting the training programs and the certification process for oncology clinical pharmacists, basic and advanced patient services, pharmacist‐driven and pharmacist‐participated guidelines/expert consensuses/books on oncology pharmacotherapy, as well as professional and public health education performed by pharmacists. Based on what we have observed, oncology clinical pharmacy services in China are relatively comprehensive, however, there are needs for expanding certain advanced pharmacy services. Increasing the time spent on clinical services, improving pharmacists' competency, and optimizing clinical pharmacy workflow and evaluation mechanisms are important for enhancing the value of oncology clinical pharmacists in China.
Situs inversus totalis and prenatal diagnosis of a primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Burwick Richard M. , Govindappagari Shravya , Sanchez‐Lara Pedro A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSitus inversus, a condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed from their normal positions in the body, can be detected by prenatal ultrasonography. Often benign, it may be associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by chronic respiratory disease. Yet, prenatal diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia has not been reported. We describe a pregnancy in which situs inversus was diagnosed by fetal ultrasound at 20 weeks gestation. Prenatal testing for primary ciliary dyskinesia led to the discovery that both parents were asymptomatic carriers of a pathogenic mutation in the CCDC103 gene, with an affected neonate.