bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of inundation areas within karst poljes and intermittent lakes for the purposes of ephemeral flood mapping
Authors: Ravbar Nataša , Mayaud Cyril , Blatnik Matej , Petrič Metka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe karst environment presents a special challenge when it comes to identifying groundwater/surface-water interactions. Existing definitions of areas of regular flooding in karst regions are too general and lack a measurable approach for the determination of flood-liable land. This paper proposes a means of specific definition and quantitative determination of intermittently flooded karst areas, which takes into account the extent, duration and frequency of flooding, and includes the identification of data sources and processing methods. The procedure, involving spatial layers, was developed using a pilot area and tested in three additional areas in Slovenia. The derived definition determines that flood-liable land within karst poljes and intermittent lakes comprise areas where stagnant water or stream overflow is present for at least 10 days/year over a period of 30 years, and these waters have direct contact with groundwater. The results show that the proposed procedure is applicable to areas with different geomorphological settings and to areas where the quantity and quality of available data vary. The study is an example of the practical application of knowledge on karst, as the findings can be used for short-term purposes (mapping flood areas, determination of habitats) and long-term purposes (study of impacts of environmental changes). Attention should be drawn to the lack of available data and the fact that the national networks of hydrological observatories are often too sparse for this purpose. This study raises awareness of these shortcomings and improves the planning or expansion of such a network in collaboration with experts.
A positivity preserving property result for the biharmonic operator under partially hinged boundary conditions
Authors: Berchio Elvise , Falocchi Alessio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is well known that for higher order elliptic equations, the positivity preserving property (PPP) may fail. In striking contrast to what happens under Dirichlet boundary conditions, we prove that the PPP holds for the biharmonic operator on rectangular domains under partially hinged boundary conditions, i.e., nonnegative loads yield positive solutions. The result follows by fine estimates of the Fourier expansion of the corresponding Green function.
Der Austritts Japans aus der Internationalen Walfangkommission – Hintergründe und Konsequenzen
Authors: Sellheim Nikolas 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Internationale Walfangkommission (IWC) wurde mit der Verabschiedung des Internationalen Übereinkommens
zur Regelung des Walfanges (ICRW) 1946 gegründet. Seit 1986 ist ein Moratorium auf den kommerziellen
Walfang in Kraft, dem sich besonders Japan, Norwegen und Island entgegengestellt haben. Seit Inkrafttreten
des Moratoriums ist die IWC von zwei Lagern geprägt: Schutz oder Nutzung der Wale. Dies hat dazu
geführt, dass eine konsens-orientierte Arbeit unmöglich ist. Da Japan den kommerziellen Walfang
stark motiviert, ist es im Dezember 2018 aus der IWC ausgetreten. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt die Hintergründe
und Konsequenzen des japanischen Austritts und beleuchtet die Zusammenhänge, in denen dieser Austritt
zu verorten ist.
Explicit Algebraic Reynolds-stress Modelling of a Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer Including Counter-Gradient Fluxes
Authors: Želi Velibor , Brethouwer Geert , Wallin Stefan , Johansson Arne V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn a recent study (Želi et al. in Bound Layer Meteorol 176:229–249, 2020), we have shown that the explicit algebraic Reynolds-stress (EARS) model, implemented in a single-column context, is able to capture the main features of a stable atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) for a range of stratification levels. We here extend the previous study and show that the same formulation and calibration of the EARS model also can be applied to a dry convective ABL. Five different simulations with moderate convective intensities are studied by prescribing surface heat flux and geostrophic forcing. The results of the EARS model are compared to large-eddy simulations of Salesky and Anderson (J Fluid Mech 856:135–168, 2018). It is shown that the EARS model performs well and is able to capture the counter-gradient heat flux in the upper part of the ABL due to the presence of the non-gradient term in the relation for vertical turbulent heat flux. The model predicts the full Reynolds-stress tensor and heat-flux vector and allows us to compare other important aspects of a convective ABL such as the profiles of vertical momentum variance. Together with the previous studies, we show that the EARS model is able to predict the essential features of the ABL. It also shows that the EARS model with the same model formulation and coefficients is applicable over a wide range of stable and moderately unstable stratifications.
Dynamical taxonomy of the coupled solar radiation pressure and oblateness problem and analytical deorbiting configurations
Authors: Gkolias Ioannis , Alessi Elisa Maria , Colombo Camilla 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent works demonstrated that the dynamics caused by the planetary oblateness coupled with the solar radiation pressure can be described through a model based on singly averaged equations of motion. The coupled perturbations affect the evolution of the eccentricity, inclination and orientation of the orbit with respect to the Sun–Earth line. Resonant interactions lead to non-trivial orbital evolution that can be exploited in mission design. Moreover, the dynamics in the vicinity of each resonance can be analytically described by a resonant model that provides the location of the central and hyperbolic invariant manifolds which drive the phase space evolution. The classical tools of the dynamical systems theory can be applied to perform a preliminary mission analysis for practical applications. On this basis, in this work we provide a detailed derivation of the resonant dynamics, also in non-singular variables, and discuss its properties, by studying the main bifurcation phenomena associated with each resonance. Last, the analytical model will provide a simple analytical expression to obtain the area-to-mass ratio required for a satellite to deorbit from a given altitude in a feasible timescale.
Semantic Relativism and Logical Implication
Authors: Tarasov Leonid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSemantic relativism is the view that the truth-value of some types of statements can vary depending on factors besides possible worlds and times, without any change in their propositional content. It has grown increasingly popular as a semantic theory of several types of statements, including statements that attribute knowledge of a proposition to a subject (knowledge attributions). The ways of knowing claim is the view that perception logically implies knowledge. In my “Semantic Relativism and Ways of Knowing” (2019) I argued that a relativist semantics for knowledge attributions is incompatible with the ways of knowing claim. I suggested that this incompatibility depends on some basic features of the logic of relativist semantics, and therefore can be shown to generalise beyond the discussion of knowledge attributions to semantic relativism more broadly. Here I make this generalisation. I demonstrate that for any proposition p expressed by a statement that does not have a relativist semantics, and for any proposition q expressed by a statement that does have a relativist semantics, p fails to logically imply q. I explain why this happens, discuss some of its philosophical consequences, and consider a way to modify relativist semantics to avoid it. I conclude that semantic relativism raises interesting philosophical questions that have gone largely unnoticed in discussions of this view until now.
90Sr level and behaviour in the terrestrial environment of Spitsbergen
Authors: Cwanek Anna , Łokas Edyta , Nguyen Dinh Chau , Zagórski Piotr , Singh Shiv Mohan , Szufa Katarzyna , Tomankiewicz Ewa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe research was focused on the level and distribution of 90Sr in various parts of the terrestrial environment of Spitsbergen. The mean activity concentrations were noted lower in peats and soils than in cryoconite. Analysis of vertical variation of 90Sr for soils and peats as well as isotopic ratios of 137Cs/90Sr and 239+240Pu/90Sr for cryoconite clearly showed substantial migration or depletion of the considered radionuclide. Due to the large dispersion of isotopic signatures, the 90Sr provenance was difficult to identify in the examined region. However, observed high mobility of the 90Sr might indicate the global fallout origin.
Microstructural formation of gypsum by setting in the presence of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Authors: Mucha Maria , Mróz Partycja , Wrona Dominika , Konca Piotr , Marszałek Joanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe role of a polymer as a retarder additive is to enhance workability of the gypsum paste by modifying its setting process and to improve its properties. The study focuses on the influence of water-soluble cellulose derivative hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the setting kinetics as well as on the properties and the microstructure of gypsum. The influence of HPMC (used in mass fractions of up to 1.5%) on the kinetics of crystallization/hydration of hemihydrate calcium sulfate was investigated by heat flow measurements using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). To describe the experimental results, the Avrami equation was used and its parameters n and K were determined. The hydration/crystallization process was modified by the presence of the polymer. As a result, the K value decreased, but n ≈ 2.5 pointed to the three-dimensional diffusion-controlled mechanism. The morphology studies involved porosity measurements. Mechanical properties of the gypsum plaster composites were examined using the bending strength test and correlated with the sample microstructure.
The effect of corporate governance and investor protection environments on the value relevance of new accounting standards: the case of IFRS 9 and IAS 39
Authors: Mechelli Alessandro , Cimini Riccardo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe first-time adoption of IAS/IFRS accompanied by the issuance of new international accounting standards has provided mixed results regarding their ability to improve accounting quality. A possible reason is that not only the quality of the standard-setting process, but also other factors might affect accounting quality and one of its dimensions, namely, value relevance. By analysing data from a sample of 316 financial entities listed in 43 countries from all over the world and adopting IFRS 9 in place of IAS 39 as of 1st January 2018, this paper tests whether the quality of firm-level corporate governance and country-level investor protection environments affects the value relevance of equity values calculated according to the requirements of IFRS 9 and IAS 39. The results suggest that, despite both accounting standards providing investors with value relevant information, in the presence of high-quality corporate governance or a high-quality investor protection environment, IFRS 9 is more value relevant than IAS 39, whereas the opposite is true in the presence of low-quality corporate governance or a low-quality investor protection environment. The research results provide the first empirical evidence of the value relevance of the new accounting standard on financial instruments and contribute to the debate on the existence of other factors that, together with the quality of the IASB standards, affect the quality of financial reporting.
Beyond Mood and Atmosphere: a Conceptual History of the Term Stimmung
Authors: Thonhauser Gerhard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe last few years have seen increasing research interest in moods and atmospheres. While this trend has been accompanied by growing interest in the history of the wordStimmungin other disciplines, this has not yet been the case within philosophy. Against this background, this paper offers a conceptual history of the wordStimmung, focusing on the period from Kant to Heidegger, as this period is, presumably, less known to researchers working with notions like mood, attunement or atmosphere today. Thus, considering this period might provide conceptual resources not yet considered in current debate.Stimmunghas the remarkable feature of encompassing the entire semantic field of mood and atmosphere, insofar as both subjects and objects can literally be inStimmung.Stimmungmight refer to the state or condition of being attuned, which is understood as a dispositional state, as well as the process or act of attuning, which includes self-activating and foreign-determined forms of attuning. The word was first used for the tuning of musical instruments, but was quickly transferred to the fields of aesthetics, psychology, and physiology. This paper will focus on the contrast between the psychological canonization ofStimmungas a type of mental state, and the use ofStimmungas an untranslatable, irreducible metaphor with unique semantic force allowing for original theorizing.
Genetic diversity and differentiation among populations of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) at the eastern margin of its range based on a new set of 95 SNP loci
Authors: Degen Bernd , Yanbaev Yulai , Ianbaev Ruslan , Bakhtina Svetlana , Tagirova Albina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine the genetic variability and differentiation among populations of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) at the eastern margin of the species distribution range. We applied new set of 95 geographically informative nuclear SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) loci developed using Double Digest Restriction Site Associated DNA (ddRAD), a new generation DNA sequencing technology. The study area is located in the basins of the Volga River and its two main tributaries, Kama and Belaya. Despite the strong reduction and fragmentation of pedunculate oak forests over the last several centuries and comparatively small sizes of present stands, a relatively similar genetic diversity of seven populations was observed (on average, allelic diversity υа = 1.472–1.603, observed heterozygosity HO = 0.305–0.358, expected heterozygosity HE = 0.272–0.343). The genetic distances between populations vary between 0.102 and 0.170 (on average, d0 = 0.128). We have identified the absence of a spatial genetic structure and the existence of genetically peculiar populations in the territory studied. The genetic distances of Gregorius between populations vary between 0.102 and 0.170 (on average, d0 = 0.128). Genetic differentiation among populations was statistically significant with a mean of the fixation index FST of 0.075. Populations from the Privolzhye Upplands and from northern parts of the study area make the most contribution to overall inter-population differentiation (d0 = 0.137). No significant differences exist among the samples at lowlands along the Volga river (d0 = 0.110). It was concluded that the multiplicity and different ages of local populations and the complexity of migration routes of the pedunculate oak from Pleistocene refugia and secondary Holocene shelters can cause this phenomenon.
Tatsächliche und wahrgenommene Richtigkeit von Personenidentifizierungen älterer Augenzeugen
Authors: Martschuk Natalie , Sporer Siegfried L. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungIn einer Zusammenschau dreier in englischsprachigen Fachzeitschriften publizierten Studien wurden die tatsächliche und die wahrgenommene Richtigkeit von Identifizierungsaussagen älterer und junger Augenzeugen verglichen. Die Studien wurden in ein integratives Modell von Augenzeugenaussagen und deren Evaluation eingebettet, das zwischen einer Informationsverarbeitungsebene, einer Metagedächtnisebene und einer Beurteilungsebene unterscheidet. Studie 1 von Martschuk und Sporer (2018) untersuchte anhand einer Metaanalyse den Alterseffekt beim Wiedererkennen von Gesichtern auf der Informationsverarbeitungsebene. Die Ergebnisse zeigten einen robusten Alterseffekt (bessere Leistungen jüngerer Versuchsteilnehmer) sowie einen Vorteil zugunsten von Gesichtern der eigenen Altersgruppe („own-age bias“). Studie 2 von Martschuk et al. (2019) gab Aufschluss über Metagedächtnisprozesse als Funktion des Alters von Zeugen in einer Feldstudie. Sie zeigte eine zunehmende Dissoziierung zwischen der Identifizierungsleistung und der subjektiven Sicherheit sowie der Entscheidungszeit von 16 bis 85 Jahren. Studie 3 (Martschuk und Sporer 2020) untersuchte auf der Beurteilungsebene, wie Geschworene in einer Simulationsstudie ältere im Vergleich zu jungen Augenzeugen wahrnehmen: Geschworene waren sich nur teilweise altersbedingter Gedächtnisveränderungen bewusst, berücksichtigten diese jedoch nicht ausreichend während der Beweiswürdigung von Identifizierungsaussagen älterer Augenzeugen. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Studien, dass das Gedächtnis und das Metagedächtnis für Gesichter im Alter fehleranfälliger sind als im jungen Alter. Demzufolge sollten Urteiler, d. h. Ermittlungsbeamte, Staatsanwälte, Geschworene und Richter das Alter von Zeugen, zusammen mit deren Entscheidungszeiten und ihrer subjektiven Sicherheit miteinbeziehen, wenn sie Identifizierungsaussagen bewerten.
The topographic evolution of the Tibetan Region as revealed by palaeontology
Authors: Spicer Robert A. , Su Tao , Valdes Paul J. , Farnsworth Alexander , Wu Fei-Xiang , Shi Gongle , Spicer Teresa E. V. , Zhou Zhekun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau was built through a succession of Gondwanan terranes colliding with Asia during the Mesozoic. These accretions produced a complex Paleogene topography of several predominantly east–west trending mountain ranges separated by deep valleys. Despite this piecemeal assembly and resultant complex relief, Tibet has traditionally been thought of as a coherent entity rising as one unit. This has led to the widely used phrase ‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’, which is a false concept borne of simplistic modelling and confounds understanding the complex interactions between topography climate and biodiversity. Here, using the rich palaeontological record of the Tibetan region, we review what is known about the past topography of the Tibetan region using a combination of quantitative isotope and fossil palaeoaltimetric proxies, and present a new synthesis of the orography of Tibet throughout the Paleogene. We show why ‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’ never occurred, and quantify a new pattern of topographic and landscape evolution that contributed to the development of today’s extraordinary Asian biodiversity.
RAMIE: tradition drives innovation—feasibility of a robotic-assisted intra-thoracic anastomosis
Authors: Giacopuzzi Simone , Weindelmayer Jacopo , de Manzoni Giovanni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to the difficulties in the intra-thoracic esophagogastric anastomosis creation, totally minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MIE) did not encountered a large diffusion, preferring hybrid techniques or cervical anastomosis. Robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) has gained popularity due to an easy reproducibility of the open anastomotic technique. In this feasibility study, we described the RAMIE technique introduced in our Center, providing innovative details for a mechanical end-to-end anastomosis. With patient in prone position, esophagectomy is conducted through the meso-esophagus plan. Robotic hand-sewn purse-string is realized above Azygos vein. A 4-cm thoracotomy in the fifth intercostal space is performed by enlarging the trocar incision. The tubulization is performed to create an access pouch for the introduction of the circular stapler. After the creation of the end-to-end anastomosis, the access pouch is resected and a robotic over-sewn is realized. From January 2020 until July 2020, ten patients were enrolled. No restriction in term of age, BMI, ASA grade or previous surgery were applied. Median operative time was 700 min. R0 resection was achieved in all cases with a good lymph node harvesting. No anastomotic leak or stricture were observed. One chyle leak was treated conservatively. Median length of stay was 8 days and 90 days mortality was 0%. This study evidenced how robotic surgery allowed us to perform the same anastomosis of our open technique with good oncological results and morbidity and length of stay comparable with our previous results. Of note, longer operative time has been recorded. Further studies after the completion of the learning curve are necessary to address more definite conclusions.
Surface-modified Zn0.5Ti0.5NbO4 particles filled polytetrafluoroethylene composite with extremely low dielectric loss and stable temperature dependence
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhou Fuming , Guo Jianming , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yang Hui , Zhang Qilong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolymer-ceramic composites are widely applied in microwave substrate materials due to the excellent dielectric properties and simple preparation process recently. Polytetrafluoroethylene-based (PTFE) composites filled with Zn0.5Ti0.5NbO4 (ZTN) ceramic particles were fabricated by hot-pressing. The particles were modified by C14H19F13O3Si to enhance the interface compatibility between PTFE and ZTN powders, which was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle. The surface characteristic of particles transformed into hydrophobicity and tight microstructure as well as better dielectric properties were obtained after the surface modification. The microstructure, dielectric, thermal, mechanical properties, and water absorption of the composites concerning ZTN content were investigated. Modified ZTN/PTFE composites with 50 vol% ZTN particles exhibit excellent dielectric properties with a high dielectric constant of 8.3, an extremely low dielectric loss of 0.00055 at 7 GHz, and a stable temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant of −12.2 ppm/°C. All the properties show modified ZTN particles filled PTFE composite is the potential material for microwave substrate application.
Unusual Combination of Anomalous Connection of the Left Pulmonary Veins and Aortic Arch Anomaly Presenting as Abnormal Three Vessel View in the 2nd Trimester US Scan
Authors: Behl Geetanjli , Mishra Smita 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPartial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is often missed antenatally unless a complex congenital heart defect is associated. Likewise, isolated fetal coarctation of aorta has only a 60–70% chance to be diagnosed in the second trimester. The combination of these two conditions (PAPVC and COA), in the absence of situs abnormality or syndromic association is rare and not much reported in the literature. We are reporting a fetal heart which presented with apparent hypoplasia of the left ventricle and ascending aorta, as well as significant dilatation of the right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary artery at 22 weeks of gestation. To begin with, we strongly suspected a left sided obstructive lesion until we noticed a 4th channel in the three vessel view (3VV) and dilated innominate vein in the absence of a dilated coronary sinus in the 4 chamber view. This led to a diagnosis of supracardiac PAPVC in combination with an arch anomaly. The pregnancy was continued up to 37–38 weeks when she underwent C-section for an obstetric indication. The baby underwent surgical intervention postnatally.