bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process optimisation of haemoglobin hydrolysis by complex proteases to produce haem‐enriched peptides and its iron uptake property evaluation by Caco‐2 cell model
Authors: He Lichao , Yang Fan , Liang Yanhui , Zhang Min , Liu Xiaojie , Zhao Shilin , Jin Guofeng 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this study, haemoglobin was hydrolysed by compound protease to produce haem‐enriched peptides in order to improve the bio‐absorptivity of haem iron. The hydrolysis process was optimised through an orthogonal experiment. The molecular weight, solubility and absorptivity of haem‐enriched peptides were also investigated. The optimal hydrolysis process was papain/alkaline protease ratio 6:4, enzyme content 9000 U g−1, hydrolysis at 50 °C and pH 8 conditions for 4 h. After hydrolysis at this condition, the haem released amount and haem/peptide ratio were 89.6% and 28.2%, respectively. The molecular weight of the haem‐enriched peptides was mainly distributed in 3–14.4 kD, and the solubility increased significantly with pH increasing. Caco‐2 cell absorption experiment demonstrated that the iron absorption of haem‐enriched peptides was significantly higher (50.25 ng ferritin per mg protein) than haemin chloride, haemoglobin and collagen plus haemin chloride complex. This study provides a very promising way for the development of iron supplement products.
North Korean Human Rights and the World Community
Authors: Lee Won Woong 
Published: June 2020

Due to extreme isolation, North Korean human rights situation was not well known to the world. The However, through the food crisis, the increasing number of refugees, the improving North‐South relations, and the increase of North Korean overseas interaction, the true picture of North Korean human rights situation is slowly being revealed. Finally in April 2003, the 59th UN Commission on Human Rights passed a resolution calling for international concern on the North Korean human rights situation. It brings the North Korean human rights issue into a more serious dimension, calling for immediate action by North Korean government. North Korea must now decide which way it will take between continued isolation or participation in the world community.Continuous famine, its dictatorship and nuclear confrontation are three main factors devastating its human rights status. While harsh U.S. economic sanctions and international pressure increases, domestic political control is tightening more and more. Combined with North Koreas never‐ending food shortage, its human rights situation is becoming worse. This could be a regime‐threatening factor, because it creates a vast number of refugees or defectors and draws more international criticism. North Koreas reaction and its genuine will to improve the nuclear crisis will determine the degree of future pressure by the international community.For the last 10 years, the world community through the UN has presented deep concern and critical awareness of North Koreas human rights problems. The 2003 Resolution at the UN Commission on Human Rights provides moral and legal justifications for criticism and intervention by the world community. In order to secure the effectiveness of this measure, the world community must go beyond criticism of the regime. The world community should provide North Korea with a long‐term framework that will set North Korea in the right direction. To achieve this goal, the world community must combine a comprehensive and positive approach, which includes economic aid and humanitarian assistance; with a critical and negative approach, which includes monitoring of human rights and pressure on violators. The UN human rights bodies, with the collaboration of international human rights NGOs, should also provide diverse methods of approach to effectuate the long‐term goals mentioned above. The U.S. human rights initiative will be the most critical source of pushing this international maneuver.
Significance of neutrophil microparticles in ischaemia‐reperfusion: Pro‐inflammatory effectors of endothelial senescence and vascular dysfunction
Authors: El Habhab Ali , Altamimy Raed , Abbas Malak , Kassem Mohamad , Amoura Lamia , Qureshi Abdul Wahid , El Itawi Hanine , Kreutter Guillaume , Khemais‐Benkhiat Sonia , Zobairi Fatiha , Schini‐Kerth Valérie B. , Kessler Laurence , Toti Florence 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEndothelial senescence is an emerging cause of vascular dysfunction. Because microparticles are effectors of endothelial inflammation and vascular injury after ischaemia‐reperfusion, we examined leucocyte‐derived microparticles of spleen origin as possible contributors. Microparticles were generated from primary rat splenocytes by either lipopolysaccharide or phorbol‐myristate‐acetate/calcium ionophore, under conditions mimicking innate and adaptive immune responses. Incubation of primary porcine coronary endothelial cells with either type of microparticles, but not with those from unstimulated splenocytes, leads to a similar threefold raise in senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity within 48 hours, indicating accelerated senescence, to endothelial oxidative stress, and a fivefold and threefold increase in p21 and p16 senescence markers after 24 hours. After 12‐hour incubation, the endothelial‐dependent relaxation of coronary artery rings was reduced by 50%, at distinct optimal microparticle concentration. In vitro, microparticles were pro‐thrombotic by up‐regulating the local angiotensin system, by prompting tissue factor activity and a secondary generation of pro‐coagulant endothelial microparticles. They initiated an early pro‐inflammatory response by inducing phosphorylation of NF‐κB, MAP kinases and Akt after 1 hour, and up‐regulated VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 at 24 hours. Accordingly, VCAM‐1 and COX‐2 were also up‐regulated in the coronary artery endothelium and eNOS down‐regulated. Lipopolysaccharide specifically favoured the shedding of neutrophil‐ and monocyte‐derived microparticles. A 80% immuno‐depletion of neutrophil microparticles reduced endothelial senescence by 55%, indicating a key role. Altogether, data suggest that microparticles from activated splenocytes prompt early pro‐inflammatory, pro‐coagulant and pro‐senescent responses in endothelial cells through redox‐sensitive pathways. The control of neutrophil shedding could preserve the endothelium at site of ischaemia‐reperfusion–driven inflammation and delay its dysfunction.
Qualifying tradition: Instituted practices in the making of the organic wine market in Languedoc‐Roussillon, France
Authors: Prudham Scott , MacDonald Kenneth Iain 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWithin France, the Languedoc‐Roussillon region (now part of Occitanie) is home to about one third of the nation's area of certified organic vineyards. Each year, the world's largest organic wine fair, Millésime Bio, takes place in the city of Montpellier. This trade fair is an important site where organic wine is not only sold but also given meaning in the market, and importantly, differentiated from but made commensurate with conventional wine. In this paper, we examine processes and practices of ‘qualifying’ organic wine, including by means of relational processes of association and dissociation. Drawing on collaborative event ethnography and other qualitative methods, we focus on individual and institutional actors engaged in creating forms of commodified meanings that circulate with organic wine. In Languedoc‐Roussillon, these meanings reflect and reinforce a longer‐term so‐called shift to quality in wine production, yet also emphasize continuity over change, particularly through emphasis on ongoing role of artisanal, independent growers. We argue that qualification thereby works not only through association with independent growers but also by dissociation, specifically from Languedoc‐Roussillon's agrarian tradition of generic wine production and from the central role played by wine cooperatives in the social reproduction of the region's small‐holding grower class.
Pre‐/postprocedure measures for minimally invasive, nonenergy aesthetic treatments: A survey
Authors: Gold Michael H. , Andriessen Anneke , Goldberg David J. , Grover Komel V. , Hu Shasa , Lorenc Z. Paul , Mandy Stephen H. , Vega Janelle H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐energy based devices used in aesthetic medicine include treatments such as microdermabrasion, microneedling, threads, and chemical peels. Practitioners may use these devices to address signs of facial photo‐ and chronological aging (fine lines, wrinkles, pigmentary, and skin textural changes). Currently, consensus papers or guidelines are lacking in peri‐procedural measures or their potential role in the prevention or treatment of adverse events in non‐energy based aesthetic procedures.AimsTo explore current practices using non‐energy devices, a survey was developed to identify trends in peri‐procedure treatment measures.Patients/MethodsThe survey was sent electronically to 2000 dermatologists and 388 plastic surgeons. Randomly selected sites included those practicing medical aesthetics using non‐energy devices for facial rejuvenation. The survey gathered information related to practitioner demographics, types of devices used, and peri‐procedural measures for non‐energy device‐based treatments.ResultsThe survey was active from February to May 2019. Nine hundred and twenty clinicians opened the survey, and 109 surveys were completed, providing a total response rate of 11.8%. The results revealed inconsistencies with regards to skin preparation strategies and post‐procedure care. While the majority of clinicians indicated a need for topical treatments to reduce inflammation, prevent scarring, and shorten time to healing, a standard of care was not observed.ConclusionsThe results of this survey confirm a lack of standardized measures for peri‐procedural care when using non‐energy based devices for aesthetic medicine treatments. These findings emphasize the need for evidence‐based recommendations for optimizing patient outcomes, reducing and managing adverse events, and shortening time to healing.
High‐Resolution Nerve Ultrasound to Assess Nerve Echogenicity, Fascicular Count, and Cross‐Sectional Area Using Semiautomated Analysis
Authors: Gamber Donata , Motte Jeremias , Kerasnoudis Antonios , Yoon Min‐Suk , Gold Ralf , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Fisse Anna Lena 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSELittle is known about echogenicity and fascicular structure observed in high‐resolution nerve ultrasound (HRUS) in both healthy subjects and patients with peripheral nerve disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of echogenicity, fascicle count, and fascicle size analysis, to create standard values and compare these parameters to patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).METHODSMedian, ulnar, radial, tibial, and fibular nerve of 79 healthy subjects and patients were scanned by one examiner using HRUS. Image analysis regarding echogenicity, fascicle count, and fascicle cross‐sectional area (CSA) was performed by two independent raters semiautomatically using ImageJ. Pearson correlation coefficient r reflected interrater reliability (IR), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) determined intrarater reliability (IAR). Results of healthy subjects were compared to 20 patients with CIDP by analysis of variance.RESULTSIR was very good for echogenicity (r = .9) and good for fascicle count and size of the largest fascicle (r = .64/.56). IAR was very good for all three parameters (ICC = .9/.83/.74). Healthy subjects had a wide range of values. CIDP patients were in range of healthy subjects. Clinically progressive CIDP patients (defined as an increase in Overall Disability Sum Score by ≥1 point) had a lower fraction of black than healthy controls and stable CIDP patients (P < .001).CONCLUSIONSemiautomated evaluation of echogenicity, fascicle count, and fascicle CSA is reliable. Cutoff values to differentiate between healthy persons and CIDP do not exist. Echogenicity is useful for detecting clinically progressive CIDP patients and should be used in clinical context or intraindividual course.
Microcystic Meningiomas: MRI‐Pathologic Correlation
Authors: Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Lanka Vivek , Chandran Chitra , Nandeesh Bevinhalli N. , Tiwari Sarbesh , Mahadevan Anita , Prasad Chandrajit , Saini Jitender , Bhat Maya D. , Chakrabarti Dhritiman , Pruthi Nupur , Vazhayil Vikas , Sadashiva Nishanth , Srinivas Dwarakanath 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeMicrocystic meningiomas (MM) are a distinctive, rare subtype of Grade I meningiomas with limited radiological descriptions. We intend to identify unique imaging phenotypes and seek radiopathological correlations.MethodsRetrospective analysis of histopathologically proven MM was undertaken. Clinicodemographic profiles, imaging, and histopathological characteristics were recorded. Spearman rank correlations among radiological and pathological attributes were performed.ResultsTwenty‐eight cases were analyzed (mean age = 45.5 years; M:F = 1:1.54; mean volume = 50.1 mL; supratentorial n = 27). Most lesions were markedly T2 hyperintense (higher than peritumoral brain edema—a unique finding) (89.3%) and showed invariable diffusion restriction, severe peritumoral brain edema (edema index >2 in 64.3%), a “storiform” pattern on T2‐weighted images (T2WI) (75%), reticular pattern on postcontrast T1 (78.6%)/diffusion‐weighted images (DWI) (65.4%), hyperperfusion, T1 hypointensity (84.6%), and absence of blooming on susceptibility‐weighted image (80.9%). Storiform/reticular morphology correlated with large cysts on histopathology (ρ = .56; P = .005753). Lesion dimension positively correlated with reticular morphology on imaging (ρ = .59; P = .001173), higher flow voids (ρ = .65; P = .00027), and greater microcystic changes on histopathology (ρ = .51; P = .006778). Peritumoral brain edema was higher for lesions demonstrating greater angiomatous component (ρ = .46; P = .014451).ConclusionsWe have elucidated varied neuroimaging features and highlighted pathological substrates of crucial imaging findings of MM. MM ought to be considered as an imaging possibility in an extra‐axial lesion with a marked hypodensity on noncontrast computed tomography, markedly T2‐hyperintense/T1‐hypointense signal, and a storiform/reticular pattern on T2W/GdT1w//DWI.
Digital labourers’ proactivity and the venture for meaningful work: Fruitful or fruitless?
Authors: Wong Sut I , Fieseler Christian , Kost Dominique 
Published: June 2020

Digital Labor, taking up flexible but small‐scale employment arrangements on online intermediary platforms, with few constraints on how much, when, and where work is performed, are becoming the new work reality for many individuals. Scholars have argued that this type of work is inherently demeaning. We seek to explore the worker’s perspective and how their long‐term perspective aligns or misaligns with their actual work arrangement. We draw on career construction theory and hypothesize a job–career congruence model suggesting that when workers’ cognitive presentations of their microwork as jobs or careers are incongruent, they are less likely to experience their work as meaningful. The results from a two‐stage field study of 803 workers from two microworking platforms support the negative effect of an incongruent job–career schema on workers’ experience of meaningful work. Additionally, results demonstrate that even workers who are proactive in nature, seem unable to excel in these fluid work settings when their job‐career schema are not aligned.Practitioner PointsContrary to what platform organizations may expect, digital labourers view crowdworking as both a job and a career, which in turn fosters meaningfulness. Careers are important aspect in understanding digital labourers’ understanding of their jobs and careers. Keeping this in mind, we would encourage platform organizations to:

provide career development opportunities, instead of focusing on short‐term incentives. This would cultivate crowdworkers’ career outlook, cultivate job–career congruence, and help mediate issues related to lack of career prosperity in microwork design.
recognize aspirational career elements, such as career ladders, employability, and work–life balance to reduce possible exploitation in this employment area. Focusing only on job features such as flexibility, autonomy, and rewards is insufficient to motivate and inspire meaningfulness among digital labourers.
provide training focused on career adaptability. This may attract relevant talent and platforms may benefit from providing training opportunities in the long term.
The effect of an accountable care organization on dental care for children with disabilities
Authors: Song Paula H. , White Benjamin Alex , Chisolm Deena J. , Berney Sara , Domino Marisa Elena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesAccountable care organizations (ACOs) are a new model of health‐care delivery that aim to improve care through increased provider collaboration and financial rewards for meeting cost and quality targets for a defined patient population. In this study, we examined a state policy change that effectively moved some children with disabilities into a Medicaid‐serving pediatric ACO on dental service use. We hypothesize that ACOs' emphasis on prevention, care coordination, and reduction in emergency department use will extend to dental services.Study design/methodsWe used Ohio Medicaid administrative claims data for year 2011–2016 to examine changes in patterns of dental service use by Medicaid‐eligible children with disabilities before and after enrolling in an ACO compared with similar children enrolled in non‐ACO managed care plans.ResultsDental utilization is relatively low among Medicaid‐eligible children with disabilities. We find that preventive dental visits increased 3.1% points (P < 0.05) from a baseline in the control group of 33.9 percent among ACO‐enrolled children, especially among adolescent children, compared to similar children that were not in the ACO, representing an 11 percent increase in the rate of preventive dental visits relative to the comparison group. However, overall dental utilization did not increase for children with disabilities who were part of the ACO compared to similar children who were not in the ACO.ConclusionsAccess to dental care is a continuing challenge for children covered by Medicaid. ACOs that serve Medicaid children are well positioned to include dental services and could play an important role in improving access to dental care and increasing dental utilization.
Medical students’ preference for returning to the clinical setting during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Compton Scott , Sarraf‐Yazdi Shiva , Rustandy Felicia , Radha Krishna Lalit Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to widespread disruptions in the clinical education of medical students. In managing students’ return to the clinical setting, medical schools face the challenge of balancing education, service and risk considerations. To compound this challenge, medical students may prefer not to re‐enter during a period of great uncertainty, leading to substantive downstream sequelae on individual, institutional and national levels. Understanding students’ views on resuming clinical experiences, therefore, is an important consideration. The purpose of this study was to assess medical students’ preference for re‐entering the clinical setting during the COVID‐19 pandemic and to explore personal and environmental characteristics associated with that preference.MethodsWe conducted an electronic survey of currently enrolled medical students at the Duke‐NUS Medical School, less than a month into the COVID‐19 pandemic. Survey items were aligned with a conceptual framework related to medical students’ preference for returning to the clinical setting. The framework consisted of three domains: (a) non‐modifiable demographic information; (b) factors thought to be modifiable through the course of medical education, including burnout, tolerance for ambiguity, motivation and professionalism, and (c) students’ perception of COVID‐19 infection risk to self.ResultsApproximately one‐third (n=63) of 179 students preferred not to return to the clinical setting. Results of a multivariable analysis indicated that compared to this group, the two‐thirds (n=116) of students favouring return showed evidence of greater autonomous (or internal) motivation, a greater sense of professional responsibility and a lower self‐perception of harbouring risk to patients.ConclusionsStudents’ preference on returning to the clinical environment stems from the interplay of several key factors, and is substantively associated with perceptions of professional responsibility and their own potential risk to the health care system. Mindfully considering and addressing these issues may help medical schools in their preparation for returning students to the clinical setting.
Unpacking wonder: from curiosity to comprehension
Authors: Paulson Steve , Shiota Michelle “Lani” , Henderson Caspar , Filippenko Alexei V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFrom the macrocosm of the universe to the microcosm of the human body, our discoveries about ourselves and the natural world continue to spark our experience of awe and wonder. But how exactly does science define and explain the experience of awe and wonder? Social psychologist Michelle Shiota, writer Caspar Henderson, and astrophysicist Alex Filippenko unpack the emerging science behind the emotions of awe and wonder, including their role in our ongoing quest for understanding and knowledge.
Beyond oneself: the ethics and psychology of awe
Authors: Paulson Steve , Sideris Lisa , Stellar Jennifer , Valdesolo Piercarlo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAwe and wonder appear to be powerful emotions that can inform and shape our attitudes toward ourselves and others, especially in relation to the larger meaning and purpose of our lives. What are the psychological underpinnings of these universal emotions? How does awe, for example, relate to self‐knowledge, and more generally to understanding the enigmatic contradictions of human nature? Is it possible to cultivate and develop this emotion as an ethical incentive in our relationships with others? Are awe and wonder capable of awakening and engendering moral transformation? Does the emotion of awe lie at the root of the religious impulse in humans? and Is there any room left for a sense of the miraculous in today's increasingly scientific and secular world? Professor of religious studies Lisa Sideris joins psychologists Jennifer Stellar and Piercarlo Valdesolo to explore how awe shapes our perspectives and views on everything from science to morality.
Ghosted?: Navigating strategies for reducing uncertainty and implications surrounding ambiguous loss
Authors: LeFebvre Leah E. , Fan Xiaoti 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGhosting is the unilateral dissolution process of ceasing communication through media. When ghosted, non‐initiators are often left without the ability to navigate the resulting uncertainty or impending dissolution processes. Utilizing uncertainty reduction theory and ambiguous loss, this investigation explores effective and ineffective strategies used to find answers, reduce uncertainty, and navigate post‐dissolution consequences. Employing two studies from Amazon's Mechanical Turk, a thematic analysis to delineate and affirm categories—7 effective and ineffective strategies and 11 categories of personal and relational implications after being ghosted—was used. These studies provide insight about non‐initiators process to resolve their uncertainty and highlight ramifications from ambiguity that non‐initiators experience after being ghosted. These findings discuss connections to knowledge acquisition, closure processing, and consequences of ghosting.