bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peperites Associated Pillow Lavas within Ophiolites and New Insight to Tectonic Setting: Comparative Study between Oman and West Junggar of China
Authors: GUO Zhaojie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPeperites are generated by magma intruding and mingling with wet unconsolidated or poorly consolidated sediments. Late Paleozoic peperites have been identified in the Darbut and Baijiantan ophiolitic belts at West Junggar, NW China. The peperites form successions up to 500 m thick interbedded with basaltic lava (sometimes pillow lava) and sedimentary rocks (i.e. limestones). The peperites are described and interpreted as resulting from basaltic lava bulldozed into wet, unconsolidated sediments at their basal contacts. The peperite‐bearing units are generally undeformed, occurring in continuous stratigraphic sections distributed regionally over a distance of 100 km on either side of the Darbut and Baijiantan ophiolitic belts, in contrast to the highly deformed slices of ophiolite. They demonstrate that the Darbut and Baijiantan ophiolitic belts should not be interpreted as significant plate boundaries and represent the underlying ocean crust uplifted along tectonic lineaments within a continuous shallow remnant ocean basin. Jordan et al. (2008) reported an occurrence of peperite in the Oman—United Arab Emirates (UAE) border region. In this border area the field relations of the pillow lavas surrounded by limestone with deformed bedding and peperite boundaries between the pillows and the limestone are consistent with the pillow lavas forming directly within carbonate sediments. The pillow lavas in Oman‐ UAE border area likely have formed as intrusions into water‐saturated carbonate sediments deposited along the edges of seamounts. Based on the comparative study on the peperites associated pillow lavas within ophiolites between West Junggar and Oman, this paper proposes that the ophiolites with peperites associated pillow lavas surrounded by limestone were not formed in a typical ocean basin, but a shallow remnant ocean basin.
Distribution of the Pan‐African Domains in East Antarctica and Adjacent Areas
Authors: REN Liudong , ZONG Shi , WANG Yanbin , LI Chong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Pan‐African event is widely distributed in East Antarctica craton. Many terranes or outcrops of the craton bear more or less signs of the event. From characteristics of the shear zones, granites, pegmatites, feature and time of high grade metamorphism and detrital zircon ages peaks of the downflowing sediments from the plateau, the Pan‐African event in the East Antarctica and adjacent areas in the Gondwana reconstruction, like SE Africa, southern India and SW Australia, wasdistributed as special zones or areas in many localities, including both the coastal regions and interior of the East Antarctica. In geochemistry, the granites are generally anorogenic, ocassionally with some gabbros or dolerite dykes, showing sign of bi‐modal feature. The water or fluid available along the shear zones were responsible for retrogression of the earlier, e.g., Grenville age, high grade outcrops to later Pan‐African amphibolite facies metamorphism. Meanwhile, the Pan‐African event has influenced most isotopic systems, including the U‐Pb, Sm‐Nd, Rb‐Sr and Ar‐Ar systems, giving younger apparent ages. Manifestation of the Pan‐African event is distributed from possibly locally granitic magmatism, to wider medium‐high grade metamorphism, and mostly widespread in resetting for some isotope systems, suggesting the prevailing thermal effect.Before Gondwana formation, local depressions in the East Antarctica could be filled with sediments, implying the initial breakup period of the Rodinia. The later Pan‐Gondwana counterrotating cogs shaped the interstitial fold belts between continent blocks and formed a set of shear zones. The mafic underplating in the Gondwana may be responsible for the widespread granites, pegmatites and more or less isotopic resetting due to strong thermal effect from the deep. That is, the Pan‐African event is a possible response of the plate movement surrounding the continent swarms in the non‐stable interior of theyet consolidated Gondwana. The Pan‐African event may be an overwhelmingly extensional and transcurrent tectonics in mechanism.
From Mantle Transition Zone with Microstructures: A New Paradigm in Ophiolite Studies
Authors: DAS Souvik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe SE Ladakh (India) area displays one of the best ‐preserved ophiolite sections in this planet, in places up to 10 km thick, along the southern bank of the Indus River. Recently, in situ ultra‐high pressure (UHP) microstructural evidences from mantle transition zone (MTZ ∼ 410–660 km) with diamond and reduced fluids were discovered from two peridotite bodies in the basal mantle part of this Indus ophiolite (Das et al., 2015; 2017). Ultrahigh‐pressure phases were also found by early workers from podiform chromitites of another equivalent Neo–Tethyan ophiolite in southern Tibet (e.g., Yang et al., 2007; Yamamoto et al., 2009). However, the MTZ phases in the Indus ophiolite are found in silicate peridotites not metallic chromitites and the peridotitic UHP phases show systematic and contiguous phase transitions from the MTZ to shallower depth, unlike the discrete ultrahigh‐pressure inclusions, all in Tibetan chromitites. The gradual change in oxygen fugacity (fo2) and fluid composition from (C‐H + H2) to (CO2 + H2O) in the upwelling peridotitic mantle causing melting to produce MORB. At shallow depths (< 100 km) the free water stabilizes into hydrous phases, such as amphiboles and serpentines, capable of storing water and prevent melting (Fig. 1). The results from Indus ophiolite provide unique insights into deep sub‐oceanic mantle processes, and link deep mantle upwelling and MORB genesis (Fig. 1).The tectonic setting of Neo‐Tethyan ophiolites has been a difficult problem since the birth of plate tectonics concept. This problem for the origin of ophiolites in mid‐ocean ridge versus supra subduction‐zone settings clearly confused the Geoscience community. However, Indian Ocean –type isotopic characteristics are present in Neo‐Tethyan ophiolites (Zhang et al., 2005). Recently, continental materials (quartz, k‐feldspar etc.) bearing old zircons (up to 2700 Ma) are also recovered from UHP chromitite of Tibetan ophiolite (Yamamoto et al., 2013). Eventually, the presence of older continental material can produce non‐MORB like basalts in Neo‐Tethyan ophiolites in mid‐oceanic‐ridge following the “historical contingency” model (Moores et al., 2000).
The Ren Co MOR‐type Ophiolite in the North‐central Tibetan Plateau: A Fast‐spreading Ridge Segment of the Meso‐Tethys Ocean?
Authors: TANG Yue , ZHAI Qingguo , HU Peiyuan , XIAO Xuchang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Meso‐Tethys Ocean is generally considered to have opened in the late Early Permian as a result of the Cimmerian continental block drifting away from the Gondwana supercontinent. This ocean is also termed the north branch of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean, and is now represented by the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone in the north‐central Tibetan plateau. However, it is still unknown for the evolutionary history for as such a huge ancient ocean basin.Ophiolites are remnants of oceanic lithosphere and preserve key information in rebuilding the evolutionary history of ancient oceans. In this study, we undertook detailed geological mapping for the Ren Co ophiolite in the middle part of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone, and a typical Penrose‐type ophiolite sequences was newly documented in the Ren Co area. The Ren Co ophiolite comprises serpentinized peridotite, cumulate rock, gabbro/diabase, sheeted dike, massive and pillow lavas, and minor red chert. These rocks exhibit well‐preserved mantle and crust rock suites, and show close similarities to oceanic lithospheres at modern fast‐spreading ridges. Zircon U–Pb dating for gabbro and plagiogranite yielded ages of 169–147 Ma, which suggest that the Ren Co ophiolites were formed during the Middle to Late Jurassic. Harzburgite in the Ren Co area shows similar features to those of abyssal peridotite indicating the residues of the oceanic mantle. Mafic rocks (basalt, diabase and gabbro) of the Ren Co ophiolite show geochemical features similar to those of typical N‐MORB. Moreover, all samples have positive whole‐rock ∊Nd(t), and zircon ∊Hf(t) and mantle‐like δ18O values. These features suggest that these rocks were derived from a depleted mantle source, thus the Ren Co ophiolite was typical MOR‐type ophiolite. We suggest that the Ren Co ophiolite was formed in a fast‐spreading mid‐ocean‐ridge (MOR) setting, and they most likely represented the ridge segment of the Bangong‐Nujiang Meso‐Tethys Ocean. The Bangong–Nujiang Meso‐Tethys Ocean was a wide paleo‐ocean, and experienced continuous oceanic spreading, subduction, accretion before final Lhasa and South Qiangtang continental assembly.
Ultrahigh Pressure Metamorphism and Tectonic Evolution of Southwestern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, China: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: ZHANG Lifei , WANG Yang , ZHANG Lijuan , LÜ Zeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, a huge ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt of oceanic‐type has been recognized in southwestern (SW) Tianshan, China. Petrological studies show that the UHP metamorphic rocks of SW Tianshan orogenic belt include mafic eclogites and blueschists, pelitic garnet phengite schists, marbles and serpentinites. The well‐preserved coesite inclusions were commonly found in eclogites, garnet phengite schists and marbles. Ti‐clinohumite and Ti‐chondrodite have been identified in UHP metamorphic serpentinites. Based on the PT pseudosection calculation and combined U‐Pb zircon dating, the P‐T‐t path has been outlined as four stages: cold subduction to UHP conditions before∼320 Ma whose peak ultrahigh pressure is about 30 kbar at 500 °C, heating decompression from the Pmax to the Tmax stage before 305 Ma whose peak temperature is about 600 °C at 22 kbar, then the early cold exhumation from amphibolite eclogite facies to epidote‐amphibolite facies metamorphism before 220 Ma and the last tectonic exhumation from epidote amphibolite facies to greenschist facies metamorphism. Combining with the syn‐subduction arc‐like 333‐326 Ma granitic rocks and 280‐260 Ma S‐type granites in the coeval low‐pressure and high‐temperature (LP‐HT) metamorphic belt, the tectonic evolution of Tianshan UHP metamorphic belt during late Cambrian to early Triassic has been proposed in this paper.
Teawords: Experiments with Quality in Indian Tea Production
Authors: Besky Sarah 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe identification of distinguishing characteristics of commodities—a process known as “qualification”—frequently involves the use of specialized lexicons. Before Indian teas are auctioned, brokers evaluate them using a glossary of some one hundred and fifty English words. This glossary was devised at the end of the British colonial period by industrial chemists who aimed to subject the aesthetic judgments of brokers to experimental scrutiny. “Teawords” formed part of a late colonial effort to ensure the circulation of “quality” tea from plantation to market. After India's independence, Indian brokers and plantation managers continued this effort. Like other vocabularies for describing comestible commodities, teawords performatively reproduce gendered and classed distinctions, but they do much more. When they circulate among brokers and managers, teawords subject plantation conditions to experimental adjustment. As a form of linguistic and material experimentation, qualification extends colonial norms of valuation—and the institution of the plantation itself—into contemporary capitalist circuits. [capitalism, food, taste, value, India]
Law, politics, and efficacy at the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: GREENBERG JESSICA 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTWhy do people experience legal institutions as effective sites for political and social transformation? How do people translate political and ethical goals into modalities of law? In Europe many have responded to a widespread sense of political crisis by turning to legal remedies and judicial institutions. One of these institutions, the European Court of Human Rights, provides shared frameworks for combating people's sense of impasse or decline. People experience the Court as a successful rights institution because it shapes and generates shared semiotic forms and repertoires. Through these, lawyers, judges, and rights advocates construct and recognize their actions as efficacious. Yet the experience of efficacy is an unequally shared resource. For some, legal frameworks are the condition of possibility for ethical and professional engagement. But for others, engaging with the law produces frustration and exclusion. Moreover, engaging in judicialized politics shapes some harms as legally legible and actionable, while it shapes others as tragedies beyond reach. [law,politics,liberalism,judicialization of politics,justice,human rights,efficacy,metapragmatics,Europe]
The history of the Higher Education Research Group of the UK Royal Geographical Society: The changing status and focus of geography education in the academy
Authors: Healey Ruth L. , France Derek , Hill Jennifer , West Harry 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe opening paper in our special section sets the scene for the discussions that follow by evidencing and reflecting on the history of the Higher Education Research Group. We report on the purpose of the Group when it was established in the late 1970s as the Higher Education Learning Working Party, and trace its development to late 2019 when its members voted to change the name of the Group to the Geography and Education Research Group. Through a systematic analysis of the annual reports published in Area (from 1980 to 1994) and the minutes of the Annual General Meetings (from 1998 to 2019), alongside personal correspondence with former members of the Committee, we explore the history of the Group. We contend that the Group has passed through four distinct phases related to the broader geography and education context. The recent re‐naming of the Group to publicly codify and celebrate the diversity of links between geography and education represents a fifth phase in the Group’s evolution. Throughout its history, the Group has had strong connections with geographies (and geographers) of education across a range of sectoral levels, indicating that this fifth evolutionary phase aligns well with the Group’s original purpose and vision.
Diagnostic characterization of respiratory allergies by means of a multiplex immunoassay
Authors: Millen J L M , Willems I , Slingers G , Raes M , Koppen G , Langie S A S 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Allergic sensitization is commonly assessed in patients by performing the skin prick test (SPT) or determining specific immunoglobulin (IgE) levels in blood samples with the ImmunoCAP™ assay, which measures each allergen and sample separately. This paper explores the possibility to investigate respiratory allergies with a high throughput method, the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) multiplex immunoassay, measuring IgE levels in low volumes of blood. The MSD multiplex immunoassay, developed and optimized with standards and allergens from Radim Diagnostics, was validated against the SPT and the ImmunoCAP assay. For 18 adults (15 respiratory allergy patients and three controls), blood collection and the SPT were performed within the same hour. Pearson correlations and Bland–Altman analysis showed high comparability of the MSD multiplex immunoassay with the SPT and the ImmunoCAP assay, except for house dust mite. The sensitivity of the MSD multiplexed assay was ≥78% for most allergens compared to the SPT and ImmunoCAP assay. Additionally, the specificity of the MSD multiplex immunoassay was ≥ 87% – the majority showing 100% specificity. Only the rye allergen had a low specificity when compared to the SPT, probably due to cross-reactivity. The reproducibility of the MSD multiplex immunoassay, assessed as intra- and interassay reproducibility and biological variability between different sampling moments, showed significantly high correlations (r = 0·943–1) for all tested subjects (apart from subject 13; r = 0·65–0·99). The MSD multiplex immunoassay is a reliable method to detect specific IgE levels against respiratory allergens in a multiplexed and high-throughput manner, using blood samples as small as from a finger prick.
Odontoma associated with mandibular transmigrated canine in a geriatric patient: Second case report
Authors: Brooks John K. , Kim Eunlim , Tran Linh T. , Vieira Christopher A. , Price Jeffery B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis report discusses the clinical relevance of a novel case of an odontoma and transmigrated canine in the setting of florid cemento‐osseous dysplasia (COD), hypercementosis and moderate to severe periodontitis in a 66‐year‐old patient.BackgroundAn odontoma may infrequently impede tooth eruption and rarely has been implicated with canine transmigration. COD is a benign fibro‐osseous lesion associated with decreased vascularity and poorer surgical intervention.Materials and methodsA partially edentulous woman, in no acute distress, underwent clinical and radiographic evaluation in pursuit of comprehensive dental care.ResultsRadiographic assessment demonstrated multiple occult pathologies of the mandible, including compound odontoma, canine transmigration, florid COD, hypercementosis and moderate to severe periodontitis, a concurrence thought to be previously unreported. Furthermore, the presence of the odontoma and transmigrated canine is apparently the second reported case in the geriatric population.ConclusionsThe attending clinician should carefully weigh removal of an impacted and transmigrated canine associated with an odontoma in the setting of COD and compromised bone, particularly in older individuals. When surgical intervention is deferred in these clinical situations, patients should continue to be monitored for clinical and radiographic development of pathologic processes.
Kinetics of ultrasonic extraction of polyphenols, anthocyanins and tannins from five different New Zealand grape pomaces
Authors: Zhao Yanqiao , Tran Khanh , Brennan Margaret , Brennan Charles 
Published: November 2020

SummaryPolyphenols were extracted from five kinds of New Zealand grape pomace (Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris, Gerwurztraminer, Merlot and Pinot Noir) at 30, 50 and 70 °C in an ultrasonic generator. The extraction kinetics for total phenol, anthocyanin and tannin were determined. The results of dynamics study showed that the extraction of total polyphenols, anthocyanin and tannin followed first‐order reaction kinetics during the extraction at 30, 50 and 70 °C. The total phenolic content, anthocyanin conten, and tannin content of water–ethanol extracts from grape pomaces were compared, and the parameters in the extraction kinetics equations were determined. The extraction results showed that the Pinot Noir pomace extract had the highest total phenolic content of 59.95 mg GAE g−1 pomace and tannin content of 79.93 mg EE g−1 pomace. The anthocyanin content in Merlot pomace extract was the highest, which was 4.50 CE g−1 pomace. The results might be of great significance for the development of grape pomace or its polyphenol and/or anthocyanin components as an antioxidant source with natural and inexpensive benefits.
Novel complex of cosmetic ingredients with promising action in preventing hair loss and follicular aging through mechanism involving enrichment of WNT/signaling, mitochondrial activity, and stem cells maintenance
Authors: Honda Igarashi Mamy , da Silva Sheila Gomes , Mercuri Maurizio , Zuardi Flávia Macedo de Oliveira Neves , Facchini Gustavo , da Silva Gustavo Henrique , Lucia Tabarini Alves Pinheiro Ana , Eberlin Samara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMechanisms involved in hair metabolism are diverse, and the availability of ingredients that normalize dysfunctions or mitigate the effects of extrinsic stress suffered daily is greatly desired by consumers to improve the aesthetic appearance of hair.AimsIn this work, we carried out a preclinical exploratory approach to evaluate the effects of a complex of nanoencapsulated active ingredients (AcPi), as well as a cosmetic formulation containing AcPi (ShPi and HtPi) in mechanisms involving hair loss and follicular aging.MethodsHuman hair follicle dermal papilla cells and human scalp culture were treated with AcPi, ShPi, or HtPi and stimulated with UV radiation or testosterone for further measurement of mitochondrial biogenesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), β‐catenin, dyhidrotestosterone (DHT), collagen XVIIα1 (COL17A1), and cutaneous permeation.ResultsOur results demonstrated that AcPi prevents oxidative stress and balances mitochondial activity disturbed by exposure to UV radiation. AcPi also promoted an enrichment of WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway, stimulating hair growth, and lengthening the anagen phase of hair cycle. ShPi and HtPi were able to prevent hair aging, minimizing the excessive degradation of COL17A1 in hair follicle exposed to UV radiation, in addition to controlling androgenic metabolism by reducing DHT production.ConclusionThe integral effects of AcPi have not been completely elucidated; however, these results, associated with clinical evidences, allow us to infer that this ingredient prevents follicular aging, miniaturization, and consequently hair loss by mechanisms involving energetic homeostasis maintenance, antioxidant, and anti‐androgenic actions.
Evaluating Telehealth Adoption and Related Barriers Among Hospitals Located in Rural and Urban Areas
Authors: Chen Jie , Amaize Aitalohi , Barath Deanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess telehealth adoption among hospitals located in rural and urban areas, and identify barriers related to enhanced telehealth capabilities in the areas of patient engagement and health information exchange (HIE) capacity with external providers and community partners.MethodsWe used the 2018 American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey and IT Supplement Survey. We applied state fixed effects multivariate analyses and Oaxaca decomposition to estimate the variation of outcomes of interest by hospital geographies.FindingsOur research showed substantial differences in telehealth adoption among hospitals located in rural, micropolitan, and metropolitan areas, where adoption rates increase with urbanicity. Rural hospitals were least likely to have telehealth systems with patient engagement capabilities such as the ability to view their health information online and electronically transmit medical information to a third party. They were also the least likely to report that clinical information was available electronically from outside providers. Our model explained 65% of the rural/urban difference in telehealth adoption, 55% of the number of telehealth services adopted, and 43%‐49% of the rural/urban difference in telehealth barriers.ConclusionFindings demonstrated significant barriers to telehealth use among hospitals located in rural and urban areas. For rural hospitals, barriers include lack of HIE capacity among health care providers in the community, and lack of patient engagement capability.