bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dentigerous cyst formation following trauma to the primary incisors: A case report
Authors: Bowdin Lisa Michelle , Anthonappa Robert Prashanth , King Nigel Martyn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough usually considered to be of developmental origin, dentigerous cysts (DCs) have been reported to form in response to chronic periapical inflammation associated with primary teeth that have necrotic, infected pulps. This article describes the management of a DC associated with tooth 21 in a seven‐year‐old Caucasian child with a history of multiple TDIs to the primary maxillary incisors. Chronic periapical inflammation associated with a necrotic pulp in tooth 61 was identified as the likely cause of the lesion. Initial conservative management involved marsupialization of the lesion by extracting the necrotic tooth 61. Following significant decompression of the cyst, surgical enucleation was carried out under general anaesthesia and an orthodontic attachment was bonded to the crown of the unerupted tooth 21 to facilitate traction. Histopathological assessment of the enucleated tissue confirmed it to be a DC. Two years after the initial presentation, teeth 21 and 22 had erupted into the oral cavity, improving patient aesthetics. However, the root of tooth 22 was transposed with the crown of the unerupted tooth 23. This case highlights the undesirable sequelae that may occur following delayed and inappropriate management of TDIs.
Undergraduate endodontic clinical training in Malaysia: A National survey
Authors: Baharin Safura Anita , Omar Siti Hajar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimOnline survey was conducted to investigate the state of undergraduate endodontic clinical training in Malaysian dental schools.MethodsAn online questionnaire and a cover letter were emailed to the deans of 13 Malaysian dental schools. The questionnaire covers various aspects of endodontic clinical training including teaching methods, endodontic clinical procedures, minimum requirements, clinical sessions and teaching staff.ResultsThe response rate was 69%. Similarities in teaching methods were observed in all responding schools. All schools taught contemporary root canal treatment procedures, including the utilisation of radiograph and electronic apex locator for working length determination, the crown‐down approach for canal preparation and the cold lateral compaction for obturation. Sodium hypochlorite solution and non‐setting calcium hydroxide medicament were used in most dental schools. Variations were observed in terms of the number of clinical requirements, supervisor: student ratio, and availability of endodontic specialists. The use of engine‐driven instruments was observed mainly in government‐funded dental schools.ConclusionsThe majority of dental schools in Malaysia are adopting the European Society Endodontology recommendation for undergraduate endodontic training, particularly in relation to the surveyed aspects. Most of the government‐funded dental schools have progressed towards engaging contemporary endodontics with their increasing application of engine‐driven Ni‐Ti instruments and 3D imaging techniques. Appointments of full‐time endodontic specialists would further enhance the quality of endodontic teaching and permit the utilisation of contemporary endodontic materials.
Tree growth sensitivity to climate is temporally variable
Authors: Peltier Drew M. P. , Ogle Kiona 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite a long history of discussion of ‘non‐stationarity’ in dendrochronology, researchers and modellers in diverse fields commonly rely on the implicit assumption that tree growth responds to climate drivers in the same way at any given time. Synthesising recent work on drought legacies and other climate‐related phenomena, we show tree growth responses to climate are temporally variable, and that abrupt variability is commonly observed in response to diverse events. Thus, we put forth a ‘growth‐climate sensitivity’ framework for understanding temporal variability (including non‐stationarity) in the sensitivity of tree growth to climate. We argue that temporal variability is ubiquitous, illustrating limits to the ways in which tree growth is often conceptualised. We present two conceptual hypotheses (homoeostatic sensitivity and dynamic sensitivity) for how tree growth sensitivity to climate varies, and evaluate the evidence for each. In doing so, we hope to motivate increased investigation of the temporal variability in tree growth through innovative disturbance or drought experiments, particularly via the inclusion of recovery treatments. Focusing on growth‐climate sensitivity and its temporal variability can improve prediction of the future states and functioning of trees under climate change, and has the potential to be incorporable into predictive dynamic vegetation models.
The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield: a quantitative synthesis
Authors: Albrecht Matthias , Kleijn David , Williams Neal M. , Tschumi Matthias , Blaauw Brett R. , Bommarco Riccardo , Campbell Alistair J. , Dainese Matteo , Drummond Francis A. , Entling Martin H. , Ganser Dominik , Arjen de Groot G. , Goulson Dave , Grab Heather , Hamilton Hannah , Herzog Felix , Isaacs Rufus , Jacot Katja , Jeanneret Philippe , Jonsson Mattias , Knop Eva , Kremen Claire , Landis Douglas A. , Loeb Gregory M. , Marini Lorenzo , McKerchar Megan , Morandin Lora , Pfister Sonja C. , Potts Simon G. , Rundlöf Maj , Sardiñas Hillary , Sciligo Amber , Thies Carsten , Tscharntke Teja , Venturini Eric , Veromann Eve , Vollhardt Ines M.G. , Wäckers Felix , Ward Kimiora , Westbury Duncan B. , Wilby Andrew , Woltz Megan , Wratten Steve , Sutter Louis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFloral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimise floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.
Executive risk incentives, product market competition, and R&D
Authors: Abdoh Hussein , Liu Yu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrior studies have examined the relation between product market competition (PMC) and research and development (R&D) investments, while the impact of executive risk incentives on this relation remains unexplored. In this study, we find that Vega (the sensitivity of executives’ wealth to stock return volatility) weakens the negative relation between PMC and R&D. We also find that Vega strengthens the negative relation between PMC and firm performance when R&D investments grow higher. In sum, our results suggest that high‐Vega compensation portfolios in competitive environments may induce executives to overinvest in R&D projects, therefore hurting firm performance.
The older plant gets the sun: Age‐related changes in Miscanthus × giganteus phenology
Authors: Tejera Mauricio D. , Miguez Fernando E. , Heaton Emily A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAge‐related changes are usually overlooked in perennial grass research; when they are considered it is usually as a change in plant size (e.g., biomass). Whether other physiological or developmental aspects change as stands age, and how those aspects may impact long‐term stand dynamics, remains unclear. Conventional experimental designs study a single stand over multiple growing seasons and thereby confound age‐related changes with growing season conditions. Here we used a staggered‐start experimental design with three repeated planting years over two growing seasons to isolate growing season effects. We studied changes in Miscanthus × giganteus phenology during its yield‐building stage (first 3 years) and estimated age, growing season and nitrogen (N) effects on development using nonlinear regression parameters. Stand age clearly changed plant growth; faster developmental rates were usually seen in 1‐year‐old stands (young), but because 2‐ and 3‐year‐old stands (mature) emerged 3 months earlier than newly planted stands they produced 30% more stems with 30%–60% more leaves. Nitrogen fertilization modulated some age‐related phenological changes. Fertilized 2‐year‐old stands reached similar stem densities as unfertilized 3‐year‐old stands and had fewer number of senesced leaves like 1‐year‐old stands. In addition, N fertilization had no effect on young M. × giganteus, but extended mature stands’ growing season more than 2 weeks by hastening emergence and delaying senescence. It also delayed flowering regardless of stand age. Our results suggest that, along with changes in size, M. × giganteus stands showed shifts in developmental strategies: young stands emerged later and developed faster, while mature stands grew for longer but more slowly. In temperate regions, where hard frost events are likely to interrupt development in late autumn, rapid early development is critical to plant survival. Nonlinear regression parameter differences proved effective in identifying phenological shifts.
A changing climate is snuffing out post‐fire recovery in montane forests
Authors: Rodman Kyle C. , Veblen Thomas T. , Battaglia Mike A. , Chambers Marin E. , Fornwalt Paula J. , Holden Zachary A. , Kolb Thomas E. , Ouzts Jessica R. , Rother Monica T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimClimate warming is increasing fire activity in many of Earth’s forested ecosystems. Because fire is a catalyst for change, investigation of post‐fire vegetation response is critical to understanding the potential for future conversions from forest to non‐forest vegetation types. We characterized the influences of climate and terrain on post‐fire tree regeneration and assessed how these biophysical factors might shape future vulnerability to wildfire‐driven forest conversion.LocationMontane forests, Rocky Mountains, USA.Time period1981–2099.Taxa studiedPinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii.MethodsWe developed a database of dendrochronological samples (n = 717) and plots (n = 1,301) in post‐fire environments spanning a range of topoclimatic settings. We then used statistical models to predict annual post‐fire seedling establishment suitability and total post‐fire seedling abundance from a suite of biophysical correlates. Finally, we reconstructed recent trends in post‐fire recovery and projected future dynamics using three general circulation models (GCMs) under moderate and extreme CO2 emission scenarios.ResultsThough growing season (April–September) precipitation during the recent period (1981–2015) was positively associated with suitability for post‐fire tree seedling establishment, future (2021–2099) trends in precipitation were widely variable among GCMs, leading to mixed projections of future establishment suitability. In contrast, climatic water deficit (CWD), which is indicative of warm, dry conditions, was negatively associated with post‐fire seedling abundance during the recent period and was projected to increase throughout the southern Rocky Mountains in the future. Our findings suggest that future increases in CWD and an increased frequency of extreme drought years will substantially reduce post‐fire seedling densities.Main conclusionsThis study highlights the key roles of warming and drying in declining forest resilience to wildfire. Moisture stress, driven by macroclimate and topographic setting, will interact with wildfire activity to shape future vegetation patterns throughout the southern Rocky Mountains, USA.
Beneficial self‐management support and user involvement in Healthy Life Centres—A qualitative interview study in persons afflicted by overweight or obesity
Authors: Salemonsen Elin , Førland Georg , Sætre Hansen Britt , Holm Anne Lise 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRelapse is high in lifestyle interventions involving behavioural change and weight loss maintenance. The purpose of lifestyle self‐management interventions offered at Healthy Life Centres (HLCs) is to empower the participants, leading to self‐management and improved health. Exploring beneficial self‐management support and user involvement in HLCs is critical for quality, improving effectiveness and guiding approaches to lifestyle change support in overweight and obesity.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore how persons afflicted by overweight or obesity attending lifestyle interventions in Norwegian HLCs experience beneficial self‐management support and user involvement.MethodSemi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 13 service users (5 men and 8 women). Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsOne main theme was identified: regaining self‐esteem and dignity through active involvement and long‐term self‐worth support in partnership with others. This main theme comprised four themes: (a) self‐efficacy through active involvement and better perceived health, (b) valued through health‐care professionals (HPs) acknowledgement, equality and individualized support, (c) increased motivation and self‐belief through fellowship and peer support; and (d) maintenance of lifestyle change through accessibility and long‐term support.ConclusionService users’ active involvement, acknowledgement and long‐term self‐worth support from HPs and peers seem to support self‐management and user involvement and may be some of the successful ingredients to lifestyle change. However, prolonged follow‐up support is needed. A collectivistic and long‐term perspective can integrate the importance of significant others and shared responsibility.
The importance of guano birds to the Inca Empire and the first conservation measures implemented by humans
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro , Micael Joana 
Published: August 2020

The Inca Empire was the largest ancient civilization in South America, extending across almost 4000 km of distinct environments from the Pacific coast to the Andes, and throughout most of the arid desert between. The present study highlights the importance of guano birds (Guanay CormorantLeucocarbo bougainvillii, Peruvian PelicanPelecanus thagusand Peruvian BoobySula variegata) for the expansion and prosperity of the Inca Empire. The use of guano as a fertilizer was fundamental to sustain the agricultural development of the empire and, it has been argued, was the basis for its rapid growth. The access to guano on coastal islands and its subsequent transportation to highlands provided food security for a population of more than 8 million. The importance of guano birds to the Inca Empire led to the development of management plans based on a penal code aiming to preserve these species and their natural habitats. These protective actions may represent the first conservation measures ever implemented by humans based on the importance of species protection for human activities and livelihoods.
Organizational Resilience: A Valuable Construct for Management Research?
Authors: Hillmann Julia , Guenther Edeltraud 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently, the concept of resilience has gained new momentum in organization studies. It is held to be a very promising concept to explain how organizations can survive and thrive amidst adversity or turbulence. However, findings from an earlier review about resilience in the organizational and business context show that, although empirical research on the concept has increased, there is still a need for more clarity in terms of its measurement. The aim of this paper is to present a systematic review of the organizational resilience construct that covers both conceptual and operational issues. We discuss why researchers criticize resilience for being fuzzy and move on to identify and analyse existing literature under the lens of construct development and taxonomies. With this study, we aim to point out conceptual problems for future researchers to address conceptual clarity and to develop a clearer, more parsimonious concept. We conclude with a suggestion about future measurement.
Les dépenses de sécurité sociale vont‐elles de pair avec de meilleurs résultats des entreprises? Étude de cas sur les PME indonésiennes
Authors: TORM Nina 
Published: August 2020

RésuméLe lien entre protection sociale et résultats des entreprises est abondamment étudié, mais on manque d'informations sur la situation des petites et moyennes entreprises des économies en développement. L'auteure examine ce lien à partir de données de recensement indonésiennes portant sur la période 2010‐2014. Elle constate que, lorsque les dépenses de sécurité sociale augmentent de 10 pour cent, le chiffre d'affaires par travailleur progresse de 2 pour cent. De même, l'extension de la couverture sociale n'entraîne pas de baisse du bénéfice, ce qui laisse penser que les entreprises pourraient avoir intérêt à investir dans la sécurité sociale de leur personnel.
Gasto en seguridad social y rendimiento empresarial. El caso de las pymes en Indonesia
Authors: TORM Nina 
Published: August 2020

ResumenA pesar de la amplia bibliografía sobre la relación entre cotización social y rendimiento empresarial, la evidencia relativa a las pymes de las economías en desarrollo es escasa. Se examina aquí el caso de Indonesia utilizando datos censales empresariales de 2010 a 2014. Un aumento del gasto en seguridad social del 10 por ciento se asocia a un aumento del ingreso empresarial por trabajador de hasta el 2 por ciento. Los beneficios no disminuyen con el aumento del gasto en protección social, lo que sugiere que la ampliación de las prestaciones sociales puede ser una inversión empresarial que vale la pena.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme as a new immunologic target for the new SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Hallaj Shahin , Ghorbani Anahita , Mousavi‐Aghdas Seyed Ali , Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari Mohammad , Sevbitov Andrey , Hashemi Vida , Hallaj Tooba , Jadidi‐Niaragh Farhad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected the daily lives of millions of people worldwide and had caused significant mortality; hence, the assessment of therapeutic options is of great interest. The leading cause of death among COVID‐19 patients is acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by hyperinflammation secondary to cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, interferon‐γ and interleukin‐10, are the main mediators of CRS. Based on recent evidence, the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) II is known to be the target of the COVID‐19 spike protein, which enables the virus to penetrate human cells. ACE II also possesses an anti‐inflammatory role in many pathologies such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and other conditions, which are the main risk factors of poor prognosis in COVID‐19 infection. Changes in tissue ACE II levels are associated with many diseases and hyperinflammatory states, and it is assumed that elevated levels of ACE II could aggravate the course of COVID‐19 infection. Therefore, the use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors (RASis) in COVID‐19 patients could be hypothetically considered, though sufficient evidence is not presented by the scientific community. In this work, based on the most recent pieces of evidence, the roles of RAS and RASi in immunologic interactions are addressed. Furthermore, the molecular and immunologic aspects of RASi and their potential significance in COVID‐19 are discussed.
Relationships between parental education, choice of child dentifrice, and their children's caries experience
Authors: Buckeridge Anna , King Nigel , Anthonappa Robert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of parental education, choice of child dentifrice, and its impact on their children's dental caries experience remain unclear.AimTo investigate (a) dentifrice types used by Australian pre‐school children, (b) demographic factors that influence parents’ dentifrice choice, and (c) whether dentifrice type is related to pre‐schooler's caries experience.Design155 parent‐child dyads were recruited from five random metropolitan childcare centres. Parents completed a questionnaire recording relevant demographics and child dietary preferences, oral hygiene practice, and dental visits. One calibrated operator performed a clinical examination of their pre‐schooler for evidence of carious lesions. Data were analysed, and comparisons between variables made using chi‐square tests and regression models.Results50% of pre‐schoolers used <1000 ppm fluoride dentifrice and 29% used non‐fluoridated dentifrice. Higher parental education level was associated with the use of non‐fluoridated dentifrice (P = .02, χ2 = 0.034). Children with higher brushing frequency were more likely to use fluoridated dentifrice (P = .03, χ2 < 0.001).ConclusionThe proportion of Australian pre‐schoolers using non‐fluoridated dentifrice was higher than in other world regions. Higher parental education level was strongly associated with choosing non‐fluoridated toothpaste, which warrants further qualitative analysis to assess determinants for parents’ choice of child dentifrice.
Understanding thermal expansion of pressurized silica glass using topological pruning of ring structures
Authors: Yang Yongjian , Tokunaga Hirofumi , Hayashi Kazutaka , Ono Madoka , Mauro John C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate the structural origin of the large thermal expansion coefficient of hot‐compressed silica glass upon heating to a threshold temperature using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. While the simulated thermal expansion at low temperature correlates well with the elongation of the average interatomic separation distance of the Si–O or Si–Si pair, the excess thermal expansion due to hot compression mainly results from change in medium range order, including a decrease in the population of large rings upon heating, without significant modification of the small ring population and without changing the short range ordering, such as the Si‐O coordination number. The reduction in the characteristic ring size can be connected to the high thermal expansion through the topological pruning mechanism. Such large thermal expansion is suppressed when the silica glasses are held at their respective quench pressures. The suppression of this excess thermal expansion is consistent with the pressure stabilization of the large ring structures.