bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testosterone Changes in Female Pandas in Estrus
Authors: Liu Xuefeng , Yuan Lei , Wang Wei , You Yuyan , Liu Yanhui , Ma Tao , Wang Zezhong , Jin Xuelin , Ma Qingyi , Lu Yanping , Zhang Jinguo , Zhao Sufen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCurrently, the majority of giant panda breeding is carried out by cage-mating or artificial insemination based on estrogen levels and behavior in female pandas. However, studies have shown that testosterone levels both in women and in non-human primate females have a significant effect on the desire to mate. In this study, we wanted to explain how testosterone levels of female giant pandas would change during estrous. In this study, 23 accounts of rutting were recorded in 10 female pandas from 2009 to 2012. Changes in urinal testosterone levels were monitored and compared with estradiol values. Our data showed that, for female pandas in estrus, testosterone levels after the estradiol peak was significantly higher than before, and the testosterone peak occurred 4 days after the estradiol peak. Furthermore, testosterone and estradiol level were only significantly correlated after peak estradiol levels peaked, and not before. Finally, out findings suggest that testosterone could help us better understand hormone variation during panda estrus, as well as help aid in the natural breeding of pandas.
Integrated analyses of early responses to radiation in glioblastoma identify new alterations in RNA processing and candidate target genes to improve treatment outcomes
Authors: Choudhary Saket , Burns Suzanne C. , Mirsafian Hoda , Li Wenzheng , Vo Dat T. , Qiao Mei , Smith Andrew D. , Penalva Luiz O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigh-dose radiation is the main component of glioblastoma therapy. Unfortunately, radio-resistance is a common problem and a major contributor to tumor relapse. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving response to radiation is critical for identifying regulatory routes that could be targeted to improve treatment response.MethodsWe conducted an integrated analysis in the U251 and U343 glioblastoma cell lines to map early alterations in the expression of genes at three levels: transcription, splicing, and translation in response to ionizing radiation.ResultsChanges at the transcriptional level were the most prevalent response. Downregulated genes are strongly associated with cell cycle and DNA replication and linked to a coordinated module of expression. Alterations in this group are likely driven by decreased expression of the transcription factor FOXM1 and members of the E2F family. Genes involved in RNA regulatory mechanisms were affected at the mRNA, splicing, and translation levels, highlighting their importance in radiation-response. We identified a number of oncogenic factors, with an increased expression upon radiation exposure, including BCL6, RRM2B, IDO1, FTH1, APIP, and LRIG2 and lncRNAs NEAT1 and FTX. Several of these targets have been previously implicated in radio-resistance. Therefore, antagonizing their effects post-radiation could increase therapeutic efficacy.ConclusionsOur integrated analysis provides a comprehensive view of early response to radiation in glioblastoma. We identify new biological processes involved in altered expression of various oncogenic factors and suggest new target options to increase radiation sensitivity and prevent relapse.
Vesicular and non-vesicular extracellular small RNAs direct gene silencing in a plant-interacting bacterium
Authors: Ravet Antinéa , Zervudacki Jérôme , Singla-Rastogi Meenu , Charvin Magali , Thiebeauld Odon , Perez-Quintero Alvaro L , Courgeon Lucas , Candat Adrien , Lebeau Liam , Emidio Fortunato Antonio , Mendu Venugopal , Navarro Lionel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExtracellular plant small RNAs (sRNAs) and/or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) precursors act as triggers of RNAi in interacting filamentous pathogens1–7. However, whether any of these extracellular RNA species direct gene silencing in plant-interacting bacteria remains unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing sRNAs directed against virulence factors of aPseudomonas syringaestrain, reduce its pathogenesis. This Antibacterial Gene Silencing (AGS) phenomenon is directed by Dicer-Like (DCL)-dependent antibacterial sRNAs, but not cognate dsRNA precursors. Three populations of active extracellular sRNAs were recovered in the apoplast of these transgenic plants. The first one is mainly non-vesicular and associated with proteins, whereas the second one is likely located inside Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). Intriguingly, the third population is unbound to proteins and in a dsRNA form, unraveling a novel class of functional extracellular free sRNAs (efsRNAs). Both Arabidopsis transgene- and genome-derived efsRNAs were retrieved inside bacterial cells. Finally, we show that salicylic acid (SA) promotes AGS, and that a substantial set of endogenous efsRNAs exhibits predicted bacterial targets that are down-regulated by SA biogenesis and/or signaling during infection. This study thus unveils an unexpected AGS phenomenon, which may have wider implications in the understanding of how plants regulate transcriptome, microbial community composition and genome evolution of associated bacteria.
Experience dependent contextual codes in the hippocampus
Authors: Plitt Mark H. , Giocomo Lisa M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe hippocampus is a medial temporal lobe brain structure that contains circuitry and neural representations capable of supporting declarative memory. Hippocampal place cells fire in one or few restricted spatial locations in a given environment. Between environmental contexts, place cell firing fields remap (turning on/off or moving to a new spatial location), providing a unique population-wide neural code for context specificity. However, the manner by which features associated with a given context combine to drive place cell remapping remains a matter of debate. Here we show that remapping of neural representations in region CA1 of the hippocampus is strongly driven by prior beliefs about the frequency of certain contexts, and that remapping is equivalent to an optimal estimate of the identity of the current context under that prior. This prior-driven remapping is learned early in training and remains robust to changes in behavioral task-demands. Furthermore, a simple associative learning mechanism is sufficient to reproduce these results. Our findings demonstrate that place cell remapping is a generalization of representing an animal’s location. Rather than simply representing location in physical space, the hippocampus represents an optimal estimate of location in a multi-dimensional stimulus space.
Simulation of cryo-EM ensembles from atomic models of molecules exhibiting continuous conformations
Authors: Seitz Evan , Acosta-Reyes Francisco , Schwander Peter , Frank Joachim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMolecular machines visit a continuum of conformational states as they go through work cycles required for their metabolic functions. Single-molecule cryo-EM of suitable in vitro systems affords the ability to collect a large ensemble of projections depicting the continuum of structures and assign occupancies, or free energies, to the observed states. Through the use of machine learning and dimension reduction algorithms it is possible to determine a low-dimensional free energy landscape from such data, allowing the basis for molecular function to be elucidated. In the absence of ground truth data, testing and validation of such methods is quite difficult, however. In this work, we propose a workflow for generating simulated cryo-EM data from an atomic model subjected to conformational changes. As an example, an ensemble of structures and their multiple projections was created from heat shock protein Hsp90 with two defined conformational degrees of freedom. All scripts for reproducing this workflow are available online. 1
Efficient Detection and Classification of Epigenomic Changes Under Multiple Conditions
Authors: Baldoni Pedro L. , Rashid Naim U. , Ibrahim Joseph G. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryEpigenomics, the study of the human genome and its interactions with proteins and other cellular elements, has become of significant interest in recent years. Such interactions have been shown to regulate essential cellular functions and are associated with multiple complex diseases. Therefore, understanding how these interactions may change across conditions is central in biomedical research. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively-parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq) is one of several techniques to detect local changes in epigenomic activity (peaks). However, existing methods for differential peak calling are not optimized for the diversity in ChIP-seq signal profiles, are limited to the analysis of two conditions, or cannot classify specific patterns of differential change when multiple patterns exist. To address these limitations, we present a flexible and efficient method for the detection of differential epigenomic activity across multiple conditions. We utilize data from the ENCODE Consortium and show that the presented method, mixNBHMM, exhibits superior performance to current tools and it is among the fastest algorithms available, while allowing the classification of combinatorial patterns of differential epigenomic activity and the characterization of chromatin regulatory states.
Using embeddedness theory to explain self-initiated expatriation intention of entry-level job applicants
Authors: Goštautaitė Bernadeta , Bučiūnienė Ilona , Mayrhofer Wolfgang , Bareikis Karolis , Bertašiūtė Eglė 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain why entry-level job applicants intend to leave their home country to work abroad by adopting the framework of country embeddedness (i.e. career and community embeddedness).Design/methodology/approachHypotheses are tested using survey data of a sample of prospective healthcare entry-level job applicants (i.e. last year medical students) using hierarchical regression analyses and bootstrapping procedures.FindingsResults show that, first, home country career and community embeddedness are negatively associated with self-initiated expatriation intention (SIE-intention). Second, developmental feedback reduces SIE-intention. This relationship is at least partly due to increased home country career embeddedness. Third, national identity reduces SIE-intention. The relationship is at least partly due to increased home country community embeddedness.Originality/valueThis paper advances the understanding of SIE by focusing on home country factors associated with the decision to work abroad, whereas the majority of current research mainly considers host country variables.
“Libraries motors of change” and the social role of (digital) libraries for their communities
Authors: Coffa Mario 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Based on a comparison with different realities, analysis of the situation of libraries in line with International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) policies and directives.

Design/methodology/approach
The method used for the following paper is that of a remote interview.

Findings
The expected results will emerge from the debate that can be raised from this paper.

Research limitations/implications
The IFLA guidelines have international value but are implemented according to the context of the individual country, not always in a uniform manner.

Originality/value
The interview reveals the formality of the contents through the informality of the method.
What to do when your brand gets kidnapped by Narcos: the case of Buchanan’s whisky
Authors: Kervyn Nicolas , Cavazos Arroyo Judith , Castillo Villar Fernando Rey , Gomez Zuñiga Rosa Andrea 
Published: December 2019

Learning outcomes
Learning outcomes are as follows: understanding the difference between brand identity and brand image; applying various segmentation tools; understanding the appeal of the aspirational brand and its consequence on private and public consumption; exploring the strategic options available to a brand facing a brand appropriation; exploring the pros and cons of opposing a brand appropriation; and developing a plan for the implementation of this strategy.

Case overview/synopsis
This case will help students understand the difference between the brand identity that the brand owners intend and the brand image that consumers actually perceive.

Complexity academic level
This case is designed to be used in marketing management, brand strategy or consumer culture course. Specifically, the case is designed for college seniors or master students with basic strategic marketing training. It should provide the basis of discussions on the topics of brand management, consumer culture, brand portfolio management, international marketing, repositioning strategy, brand architecture, brand equity, brand assets, brand appropriation and consumer relationships with brands.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing
Services input and productivity in Indian manufacturing plants
Authors: Goldar Bishwanath 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse econometrically determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) in Indian manufacturing plants with a focus on the influence of services input on productivity.

Design/methodology/approach
Plant-level data drawn from Annual Survey of Industries for the years 1998-1999 to 2012-2013 are used for the estimation of TFP at plant-level by applying the Levinsohn–Petrin methodology. Econometric models are estimated to explain variations in plant-level TFP. The explanatory variables used are services input intensity (split into manufacturing services purchased and other services), the share of information communication technology (ICT) assets in total fixed capital stock, the share of contract workers in total workers and the share of imported materials out of total materials used, with plant size taken as a control variable. Model estimation is done by applying the fixed effects model.

Findings
Econometric results indicate that services input and ICT intensity have a significant positive effect on productivity of manufacturing plants in India. Use of imported materials raises productivity, whereas the use of contract workers in place of regular workers tends to lower productivity. The impact of imported materials on TFP of manufacturing plants seems to be relatively bigger for labour-intensive, low technology industries.

Originality/value
Care has been taken for TFP measurement. Analysis of the impact of services input on TFP has been undertaken for Indian manufacturing using plant-level data for the first time.
Upgrading destruction?
Authors: Doytch Nadia 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The authors investigate natural disasters’ impact on manufacturing and services foreign direct investment (FDI), both, in contemporaneous and time-lag contexts. Manufacturing and services FDI account for different types of technology transfers, respectively, through tangible physical assets and intangible knowledge assets. This paper aims to hypothesize that natural disasters that have pronounced physical impact, have different effect on different sectoral FDI.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors merge a data set from emergency events database, which covers natural disasters occurrences with a sector-level data on FDI for 69 countries for the period 1980-2011, distinguishing between four different kinds of natural disasters such as meteorological, climate, hydrological and geophysical, as well as between different geographical regions.

Findings
Controlling for commonly accepted determinants of FDI, such as output growth, quality of institutions and natural resource abundance, the authors find that manufacturing FDI is negatively affected immediately after the disaster and positively in the longer run- a finding that is in unison with the “creative destruction” growth theory. Services FDI, on the other hand, do not show such pattern. Meteorological disasters have no effect on services FDI and climate and hydrological disasters have long-lasting negative effects. For both, manufacturing and services FDI, geophysical disasters have a positive impact on FDI in the long run.

Research limitations/implications
The study is limited to 69 countries for the period 1980-2011.

Practical implications
FDI bears tangible and intangible knowledge assets and provides means of financing, even in countries with under-developed banking systems and stock markets. FDI is impacted by climate change, manifested by intensifying and increase of frequency of natural disasters.

Social implications
Natural disasters destroy infrastructure and displace people. The rebuilding of infrastructure and intangible capital present an opportunity for upgrading.

Originality/value
This is the first study that analyzes the impact of natural disasters on sector-level FDI in a multicounty and regional context.
PrEP in Prisons: HIV prevention in incarcerated populations
Authors: Parsons Jordan , Cox Chelsea 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the possibility of using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as an HIV harm reduction intervention in prisons. PrEP is primarily discussed in relation to men who have sex with men (MSM), meaning other high-risk populations, such as prisoners, are often side-lined. The authors wanted to consider how it could prove beneficial beyond the MSM community.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the authors discuss whether the common objections to existing HIV harm reduction interventions in prisons, such as needle exchanges, are applicable to PrEP. The authors then apply common objections to the provision of PrEP in the general population to the provision of PrEP in a prison context in order to assess their strength. Finally, the authors discuss what the authors anticipate to be a key objection to PrEP in prisons: post-incarceration access.

Findings
The authors argue that both sets of common objections considered are easily refuted in the case of PrEP in prisons. The unique setting and nature of the intervention are such that it is without immediately apparent flaws. In addressing post-incarceration access, the authors suggest that a longitudinal consideration of a prisoner’s HIV risk undermines the objection.

Originality/value
This discussion is of importance due to the significantly heightened risk of HIV infection prisoners are subject to. Not only do effective HIV prevention interventions in prisons contribute to fair access to health for incarcerated individuals, but also to the wider fight against HIV. The authors demonstrate that PrEP has potential as a new approach and call for further research in this area.
Auditors’ professionalism and factors affecting it: insights from Indonesia
Authors: Suyono Eko , Farooque Omar Al 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effects of intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, internal locus of control, and auditors’ experience (intrinsic characteristics) and organizational culture (an extrinsic characteristic) on auditors’ professionalism.

Design/methodology/approach
Data are collected from auditors working in public accounting firms in the Central Java and Yogyakarta provinces of Indonesia between March 1 and June 30, 2017, using survey questionnaires with a Likert scale (one-five). The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression method is used to analyze the data.

Findings
Findings from OLS regression reveal that emotional intelligence, internal locus of control and auditors’ experience positively influence auditors’ professionalism. However, intellectual intelligence and organizational culture do not show any effect on their professionalism.

Originality/value
Even though there are some limitations, such as how to measure intellectual intelligence, and the relatively small size of the sample, this study makes a significant contribution because it is the first study to measure the joint effect of both intellectual and emotional intelligence and the first to examine the influence on auditors’ professionalism of both individual and organizational characteristics.
Readiness factors for information technology adoption in SMEs: testing an exploratory model in an Indian context
Authors: Nair Jessy , Chellasamy Aarthy , Singh B.N. Balaji 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Extant literature regarding factors essential for successful information technologies (IT) implementation in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) does not significantly address readiness factors for IT implementation in an Indian context. This exploratory research develops and tests a framework to analyse the antecedents to organisational preparedness for adoption of IT infrastructure in SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach
This exploratory research adopts a mixed-method approach to test the technology, organization and environment (TOE) framework. In-depth interviews with SME owners are conducted to develop the case study, and the measures obtained are tested through a survey at a small and medium business industrial cluster in Southern India in SMEs.

Findings
The case study indicates SME owners’ drive to initiate technology preparedness for organisational sustainability is a key factor, a measure not seen during the literature review. An empirical study tests the measures. Pressure from customers, owner’s age, sales of SME, owner’s attitude towards IT and owner’s knowledge of IT was confirmed, which indicates organisational factors have more impact compared to technological and environmental factors.

Research limitations/implications
The academic scope of this research paper can be extended to contexts such as readiness in IT infrastructure for digital transformation.

Practical implications
The validated research framework can be used by organisation stakeholders and SME IT practitioners for successful IT adoption.

Social implications
SMEs contribute significantly to gross domestic product (GDP) and provide employment opportunities. Hence, this research provides a tested model that SMEs owners/managers can adopt as a framework to augment competitiveness to implement IT.

Originality/value
The study adopts a mixed-method research design and is, perhaps, a first in the Indian context to explore variables through case study and validate identified measures through an empirical study. The model can be used by SME owners and practitioners to ascertain factors for organisational preparedness for IT adoption.