bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of domperidone induced severe ventricular arrhythmia
Authors: Song Byeong Geun , Lee Yeong Chan , Min Yang Won , Kim Kyunga , Lee Hyuk , Son Hee Jung , Rhee Poong-Lyul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere has been controversy over the cardiovascular safety of domperidone, attributable to the lack of a well-designed study as well as inconsistent results. This study aimed to examine the risk of severe domperidone-induced ventricular arrhythmia (VA), compared to mosapride, itopride, or non-use of all three prokinetics, in the general population. We conducted a population-based, self-controlled case series analysis. Enrolled subjects were individuals who were diagnosed with severe VA and were prescribed domperidone, mosapride, or itopride from 2003 to 2013 in the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. The incidence rate ratio for severe VA was measured during exposure to prokinetics and compared with unexposed periods and itopride (no-proarrhythmic effect)-exposure periods, as control. A total of 2,817 subjects were included. Domperidone, mosapride, or itopride use was associated with increased risk of severe VA, compared with non-use (adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) of 1.342 (95% CI 1.096–1.642), 1.350 (95% CI 1.105–1.650), and 1.486 (95% CI 1.196–1.845), respectively). The risk of severe domperidone-induced VA was lower, compared to that of itopride [adjusted IRR of 0.548 (95% CI 0.345–0.870)]. Of the subjects who had been prescribed all three prokinetics, domperidone-exposure was associated with a lower risk of severe VA, compared to itopride-exposure (crude IRR, 0.571; 0.358–0.912). Mosapride-exposure did not show IRR difference for severe VA, compared to itopride-exposure. Domperidone, mosapride, or itopride use is associated with an increased risk of severe VA. However, the magnitude of association was modest and domperidone use does not increase further the risk, compared with other prokinetics.
Optical mapping of the 22q11.2DS region reveals complex repeat structures and preferred locations for non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR)
Authors: Pastor Steven , Tran Oanh , Jin Andrea , Carrado Danielle , Silva Benjamin A. , Uppuluri Lahari , Abid Heba Z. , Young Eleanor , Crowley T. Blaine , Bailey Alice G. , McGinn Daniel E. , McDonald-McGinn Donna M. , Zackai Elaine H. , Xie Michael , Taylor Deanne , Morrow Bernice E. , Xiao Ming , Emanuel Beverly S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe most prevalent microdeletion in humans occurs at 22q11.2, a region rich in chromosome-specific low copy repeats (LCR22s). The structure of this region has defied elucidation due to its size, regional complexity, and haplotype diversity, and is not well represented in the human genome reference. Most individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) carry a de novo hemizygous deletion of ~ 3 Mbp occurring by non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) mediated by LCR22s. In this study, optical mapping has been used to elucidate LCR22 structure and variation in 88 individuals in thirty 22q11.2DS families to uncover potential risk factors for germline rearrangements leading to 22q11.2DS offspring. Families were optically mapped to characterize LCR22 structures, NAHR locations, and genomic signatures associated with the deletion. Bioinformatics analyses revealed clear delineations between LCR22 structures in normal and deletion-containing haplotypes. Despite no explicit whole-haplotype predisposing configurations being identified, all NAHR events contain a segmental duplication encompassing FAM230 gene members suggesting preferred recombination sequences. Analysis of deletion breakpoints indicates that preferred recombinations occur between FAM230 and specific segmental duplication orientations within LCR22A and LCR22D, ultimately leading to NAHR. This work represents the most comprehensive analysis of 22q11.2DS NAHR events demonstrating completely contiguous LCR22 structures surrounding and within deletion breakpoints.
Control of the galactose-to-glucose consumption ratio in co-fermentation using engineered Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Seong Hyeon Jeong , Woo Ji Eun , Jang Yu-Sin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMarine biomasses capable of fixing carbon dioxide have attracted attention as an alternative to fossil resources for fuel and chemical production. Although a simple co-fermentation of fermentable sugars, such as glucose and galactose, has been reported from marine biomass, no previous report has discussed the fine-control of the galactose-to-glucose consumption ratio in this context. Here, we sought to finely control the galactose-to-glucose consumption ratio in the co-fermentation of these sugars using engineered Escherichia coli strains. Toward this end, we constructed E. coli strains GR2, GR2P, and GR2PZ by knocking out galRS, galRS-pfkA, and galRS-pfkA-zwf, respectively, in parent strain W3110. We found that strains W3110, GR2, GR2P, and GR2PZ achieved 0.03, 0.09, 0.12, and 0.17 galactose-to-glucose consumption ratio (specific galactose consumption rate per specific glucose consumption rate), respectively, during co-fermentation. The ratio was further extended to 0.67 by integration of a brief process optimization for initial sugar ratio using GR2P strain. The strategy reported in this study will be helpful to expand our knowledge on the galactose utilization under glucose conditions.
A residual-based deep learning approach for ghost imaging
Authors: Bian Tong , Yi Yuxuan , Hu Jiale , Zhang Yin , Wang Yide , Gao Lu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGhost imaging using deep learning (GIDL) is a kind of computational quantum imaging method devised to improve the imaging efficiency. However, among most proposals of GIDL so far, the same set of random patterns were used in both the training and test set, leading to a decrease of the generalization ability of networks. Thus, the GIDL technique can only reconstruct the profile of the image of the object, losing most of the details. Here we optimize the simulation algorithm of ghost imaging (GI) by introducing the concept of “batch” into the pre-processing stage. It can significantly reduce the data acquisition time and create reliable simulation data. The generalization ability of GIDL has been appreciably enhanced. Furthermore, we develop a residual-based framework for the GI system, namely the double residual U-Net (DRU-Net). The imaging quality of GI has been tripled in the evaluation of the structural similarity index by our proposed DRU-Net.
Functional lupus anticoagulant testing in a large retrospective cohort of thrombosis patients with direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Reda Sara , Brügelmann Anna , Müller Jens , Oldenburg Johannes , Pötzsch Bernd , Rühl Heiko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFunctional tests for lupus anticoagulants (LA) as part of a thrombophilia workup are commonly performed in patients under anticoagulant therapy that may interfere with assay results. There is no consensus on how these tests should be assessed in patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). In this retrospective cohort study, we analysed data from patients with a history of thrombosis in whom dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT), LA-sensitive aPTT, and solid phase assays for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) were performed (n = 3,147, thereof 588 on rivaroxaban, 144 on apixaban, 1,179 on other anticoagulant drugs). The dRVVT ratio was correlated with rivaroxaban (r = 0.30, P < 10–4) but not with apixaban plasma levels. The LA-sensitive aPTT/aPTT ratio showed no correlation with DOAC levels. Correspondingly, the rate of patients with abnormal dRVVT test was significantly higher (P < 10–4) under rivaroxaban (88%) than in thrombosis patients without anticoagulant medication (6%), independent from their aPL plasma levels. No isolated positive results of functional LA testing in patients on anticoagulants could be confirmed in repeated testing after discontinuation of the medication (n = 40). These data indicate that rivaroxaban should be discontinued before functional LA testing is performed. However, viable interpretation of these tests appears to be less affected in patients on apixaban.
Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by fabricating novel heteroaggregates of montmorillonite microparticles with nanoscale zero-valent iron
Authors: Yin Yaru , Shen Chongyang , Bi Xiaoyuan , Li Tiantian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study fabricated novel heteroaggregates of montmorillonite (Mt) microparticles with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) (Mt-nZVI) and examined the removal of Cr(VI) by the Mt-nZVI through batch experiments. Spherical nZVI particles were synthesized by the liquid phase reduction method, which were then attached on the flat Mt surfaces in monolayer. The fabricated Mt-nZVI had similar removal efficiency for Cr(VI) compared to the monodispersed nZVI particles, but was much greater than that of nZVI aggregates. The removal efficiency of Mt-nZVI increased with decreasing its dosage and increasing initial Cr(VI) concentration, whereas had insignificant change with solution pH. The removal of Cr(VI) by Mt-nZVI was well described by the pseudo second-order kinetics and the Langmuir equilibrium model. The removal was spontaneous and exothermic, which was mainly due to chemsorption rather than intra-particle diffusion according to calculation of change in free energy and enthalpy and Weber–Morris model simulations. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the adsorption was likely due to reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by Fe(0) and co-precipitation in the form of oxide-hydroxide of Fe(III) and Cr(III). The fabricated Mt-nZVI showed the promise for in-situ soil remediation due to both high removal efficiency and great mobility in porous media.
Resveratrol protects against apoptosis induced by interleukin-1β in nucleus pulposus cells via activating mTOR/caspase-3 and GSK-3β/caspase-3 pathways
Authors: Guo Xiaohui , Bai Xiaoliang , Zhang Feng , Zheng Long , Ding Wenyuan , Yang Sidong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the specific downstream signaling pathway mediated by PI3K/Akt in resveratrol (RES) anti-apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs).
Materials and methods: Human NPCs were cultured and divided into six groups. Interleukin (IL)-1β was used to induce apoptosis and RES to inhibit apoptosis. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was used to test apoptotic incidence of NPCs, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to detect cell viability, The expression level of caspase-3 mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR, and protein levels were determined by Western blot.
Results: Flow cytometry analysis showed that IL-1β increased the apoptosis rate of NPCs in each group, and RES significantly decreased the apoptosis rate, while rapamycin (RAPA) and SB216763 inhibited the effect of RES and increased the apoptosis rate again. Similarly, CCK-8 showed that IL-1β decreased activity of NPCs in each group, while RES increased cell activity, RAPA and SB216763 inhibited the effect of RES and decreased cell activity. RT-qPCR results showed IL-1β significantly increased the level of caspase-3 expression, but it was significantly decreased by using RES, RAPA and SB216763 respectively attenuated effects of RES. Western blot results showed that activated caspase-3 was inhibited by RES effect, and was up-regulated again after the addition of RAPA and SB216763. In addition, p-mTOR and p-GSK-3β were up-regulated by RES and down-regulated by RAPA and SB216763.
Conclusion: RES can inhibit apoptosis induced by IL-1β in human NPCs. PI3K/Akt/mTOR/caspase-3 and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/caspase-3 pathways are potential mechanisms underlying this process.
Holistic Communication Assessment for Young Children With Cleft Palate Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health:Children and Youth
Authors: Cronin Anna , McLeod Sharynne , Verdon Sarah 
Published: July 2020

PurposeChildren with a cleft palate (± cleft lip; CP±L) can have difficulties communicating and participating in daily life, yet speech-language pathologists typically focus on speech production during routine assessments. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY;World Health Organization, 2007) provides a framework for holistic assessment. This tutorial describes holistic assessment of children with CP±L illustrated by data collected from a nonclinical sample of seven 2- to 3-year-old children, 13 parents, and 12 significant others (e.g., educators and grandparents).MethodData were collected during visits to participants' homes and early childhood education and care centers. Assessment tools applicable to domains of the ICF-CY were used to collect and analyze data. Child participants' Body Functions including speech, language, and cognitive development were assessed using screening and standardized assessments. Participants' Body Structures were assessed via oral motor examination, case history questionnaires, and observation. Participants' Activities and Participation as well as Environmental and Personal Factors were examined through case history questionnaires, interviews with significant others, parent report measures, and observations.ResultsValuable insights can be gained from undertaking holistic speech-language pathology assessments with children with CP±L. Using multiple tools allowed for triangulation of data and privileging different viewpoints, to better understand the children and their contexts. Several children demonstrated speech error patterns outside of what are considered cleft speech characteristics, which underscores the importance of a broader assessment.ConclusionSpeech-language pathologists can consider incorporating evaluation of all components and contextual factors of the ICF-CY when assessing and working with young children with CP±L to inform intervention and management practices.
The Three CCCs of Dysphagia Management: Culturally Competent Care
Authors: Hall Kellyn D. , Johnson Leslie W. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Patient-centered care is a healthcare approach that values an individual's right to make health care choices. For patients with dysphagia, honoring choices that carry significant health risks is challenging. This article presents strategies adapted from the multicultural literature to enhance patient engagement and help balance choices for quality of life while mitigating potential negative health consequences. The goal is to provide clinicians with knowledge gleaned from multicultural resources to deliver optimal care that considers both cultural and ethical factors.

Method
The authors use a hypothetical case of an older adult woman with dysphagia whose family is disagreeing with diet recommendations to introduce the concepts of culture, cultural humility, cultural competence, and ethical considerations. The authors present strategies for working with culturally diverse patients to show that these strategies can be adapted for use with any patient, regardless of cultural background.

Conclusion
Adopting a perspective that every patient presents with many cultural variables that can influence dysphagia management encourages the speech-language pathologist to approach each patient through a multicultural lens. Strategies and approaches for working with culturally and linguistically diverse patients can be adapted and inform the speech-language pathologist on ways to establish a dynamic of shared decision making for successful outcomes.
Workshop Gesundheitsgefährdung durch langes Sitzen am
Arbeitsplatz – Teil I wissenschaftliche Perspektiven
Authors: Latza Ute , Bucksch Jens , Wallmann-Sperlich Birgit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ziel Die Gesundheitsgefährdung durch sedentäres Verhalten
am Arbeitsplatz ist ein wichtiges Problem unserer Zeit. Seine Lösung
verlangt nach interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit von Expertinnen und
Experten aus Wissenschaft und betrieblicher Praxis.
Methodik Hierzu wurde im Februar 2019 in Berlin ein Workshop mit
Fachleuten aus verschiedenen Bereichen durchgeführt, der die derzeitigen
wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse der Gesundheitsgefährdung durch lange,
wenig unterbrochene Sitzzeiten am Arbeitsplatz thematisiert und
ausgewählte betriebliche Lösungsansätze aufzeigt. Dieser
Workshop wird hier in 2 Teilen dokumentiert. Genderrelevante Aspekte werden,
wenn möglich, hervorgehoben.
Ergebnisse Im vorliegenden Teil I werden die Beiträge zu
aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen bezogen auf die Gesundheitsrisiken
durch sedentäre Lebens- und Arbeitsweisen sowie Prävalenz und
Determinanten für sedentäres Verhalten in der Arbeitswelt
referiert. Die darauf aufbauenden Beiträge zu theoriegeleiteten
Interventionsstrategien und zur Evidenz für erfolgreiche
Interventionsstrategien aus systematischen Reviews zeigen mögliche
Lösungswege auf.
Schlussfolgerung und Ausblick Trotz vieler Studien und Hinweise, die
für eine stärkere Berücksichtigung des
sedentären Verhaltens im betrieblichen Kontext sprechen, gibt es
Wissenslücken v.a. bezogen auf Ätiologie, Möglichkeiten
der Kompensation, Determinanten und Interventionsstrategien. Auch sind
Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen in diesem Zusammenhang
unzureichend dokumentiert. Im Teil II werden ausgewählte betriebliche
Lösungsansätze und die Ergebnisse der Workshop-Diskussion
vorgestellt.
Innereuropäische Aeromedical-Evacuation-Transporte im Rahmen von COVID-19
Authors: Sammito Stefan , Post Janina , Ritter Dennis Matthias , Hossfeld Björn , Erley Oliver Maria 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Im Rahmen der humanitären Hilfeleistung während der COVID-19-Pandemie flog die Bundeswehr Patienten zur Entlastung der überfüllten regionalen Krankenhäuser aus Italien und Frankreich nach Deutschland aus. Diese Hilfeleistung umfasste bis dato insgesamt 22 italienische und 2 französische Staatsbürger. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, im Rahmen eines Prä-post-Vergleichs die Veränderungen der Vitalparameter, insbesondere der Beatmungssituation der transportierten Patienten zu analysieren und Schlüsse für zukünftige luftgestützte Transporte mit Flächenflugzeugen für Patienten mit COVID-19 zu erlangen.Methoden Retrospektive Analyse der Intensivtransport-Protokolle sowie weiterer vorliegender Dokumente (Patient Movement Request, Verlegungsbriefe, Flugzeiten) der insgesamt 24 Patienten, die an COVID-19 erkrankt und beatmungspflichtig waren.Ergebnisse Bei den Patienten (Median Alter: 59,1 Jahre) lagen in 63% Vorerkrankungen vor und sie waren im Median seit 10,0 (3 – 28) Tagen künstlich beatmet, erste Beschwerden aufgrund COVID-19 lagen im Median 17,5 (6 – 35) Tage vor dem Transport. Eine Verschlechterung der Vitalparameter und der Beatmungssituation während des Transports konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Jedoch war eine Vertiefung der Narkose und die vermehrte Gabe von Katecholaminen während der Transportbedingungen notwendig.Schlussfolgerung Der Intensivtransport von beatmeten COVID-19-Patienten benötigt ein hohes Maß an Qualifikation des Personals und eine geeignete Ausstattung, kann jedoch unter Berücksichtigung der Rahmenbedingungen geplant durchgeführt werden.
Repetitive Arm and Hand Movements (Complex Motor Stereotypy) in a Six-Year Boy
Authors: Koul Roshan , Hora Ravinder 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAbnormal movements are not uncommon in children. Most of these abnormal movements can be defined by the available criteria. Abnormal movements are easily diagnosed in adults. Most of these abnormal movements are well categorized and diagnosed by the defined characteristics. Sometimes it is difficult to diagnose an unusual movement disorder in children, particularly if it is rare and there are no investigations to prove the diagnosis. Repetitive arm and hand movements (complex motor stereotypy) is one such disorder which is rare and difficult to diagnose unless seen before. In this case report, we described a 6-year-old boy with this disorder, in whom it took 6 years to diagnose.
Teaching Competence in Counseling: A Focus on the Supervisory Process
Authors: Terrell Pamela A. , Osborne Charlie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the role counseling plays in clinical education. Counseling is considered an essential skill for practicing speech-language pathologists (SLPs), yet few accredited programs have a course devoted to it. Counseling is included as a domain in the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's Scope of Practice and SLPs are the most qualified professionals to support individuals dealing with the social and emotional consequences of a speech, language, or swallowing problem. There is limited research regarding student and clinical supervisor training in using counseling skills. Many clinical supervisors have not had a course in counseling, much less training in how to teach counseling skills to students in clinical practica. Four models of infusing counseling strategies into clinical practica are presented. This article highlights the need for an established course in counseling for SLP students-in-training and for supervisors in the art of teaching counseling skills in clinical practica.
Quality of Life Dilemmas in Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Tran Lily 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChildren with chronic care or complex medical needs, such as epilepsy, depend on advocates to ensure their safety and well-being, a role typically filled by parents or extended family. Close participation to provide vital history and details is quintessential to help guide appropriate management decisions to ensure optimal neurodevelopmental outcome. However, when these vulnerable children are placed in the foster care system, their need for an advocate becomes even more paramount. Unfortunately, this can be lacking and can lead to a breakdown in their medical care. Their complex medical conditions often can be intimidating to most potential foster families and may result in placement in long-term care facilities. This, in turn, presents additional obstacles that can hinder optimal care such as lack of consistent, dedicated caretakers. This void not only impacts their outcome and medical care but also leads to excessive use of limited healthcare resources as well as unwanted adverse reactions that can be prevented if a reliable source of history is available. As a result, there is a need for dedicated resources to help provide devoted advocates for these vulnerable children.
Spherically symmetric loop quantum gravity: analysis of improved dynamics
Authors: Gambini Rodolfo , Olmedo Javier , Pullin Jorge 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study the ‘improved dynamics’ for the treatment of spherically symmetric space-times in loop quantum gravity introduced by Chiou et al in analogy with the one that has been constructed by Ashtekar, Pawlowski and Singh for the homogeneous space-times. In this dynamics the polymerization parameter is a well motivated function of the dynamical variables, reflecting the fact that the quantum of area depends on them. Contrary to the homogeneous case, its implementation does not trigger undesirable physical properties. We identify semiclassical physical states in the quantum theory and derive the corresponding effective semiclassical metrics. We then discuss some of their properties. Concretely, the space-time approaches sufficiently fast the Schwarzschild geometry at low curvatures. Besides, regions where the singularity is in the classical theory get replaced by a regular but discrete effective geometry with finite and Planck order curvature, regardless of the mass of the black hole. This circumvents trans-Planckian curvatures that appeared for astrophysical black holes in the quantization scheme without the improvement. It makes the resolution of the singularity more in line with the one observed in models that use the isometry of the interior of a Schwarzschild black hole with the Kantowski–Sachs loop quantum cosmologies. One can observe the emergence of effective violations of the null energy condition in the interior of the black hole as part of the mechanism of the elimination of the singularity.