bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Reported Recovery in Upper Abdominal Cancer Surgery Care: A Prospective Study
Authors: Johansson Anna , Karlsson Jessica , Fomichov Victoria , Björnsson Bergthor , Larsson Anna Lindhoff , Sandström Per , Drott Jenny 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background To describe and analyse patient-reported recovery in patients after upper abdominal cancer surgery.Methods This study had a quantitative and prospective design. Patients eligible for upper abdominal cancer surgery were consecutively included in a university hospital in southern Sweden. Twenty-four patients answered the Postoperative Recovery Profile (PRP) questionnaire at 3 measurement points. The PRP includes 5 dimensions of recovery: physical symptoms, physical function, psychological function, social function, and activity.Results The results were based on 72 answered questionnaires. All 5 dimensions were affected. Symptoms were rated preoperatively, and >60% of patients were not fully recovered upon discharge according to the PRP. In the physical symptoms dimension, the majority of patients reported a lack of energy upon discharge. High levels of anxiety were reported. Over 50% of patients reported some degree of depressed mood at all three measurement points. In the social dimension, the majority of patients reported some degree of inconvenience with respect to being dependent on help from others and restrictions in everyday life at four weeks after discharge.Conclusion Patients undergoing surgery for upper abdominal cancer are affected by psychological, physiological, social, and habitual factors, and according to the PRP, most estimates of these symptoms increase significantly after the surgery. Few patients are fully recovered at four weeks after discharge, and the majority of patients experience symptoms preoperatively. Individual patient-reported recovery estimates based on preoperative status and follow-up data may be valuable in identifying and planning interventions tailored to each patient's needs throughout the care process.
Efficacy and Acquired Resistance of EGFR-TKI Combined with Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Chinese Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in a Real-world Setting
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Gao Wen , Gao Fangyan , Jin Shidai , Qu Tianyu , Lin Fan , Zhang Chen , Zhang Jingya , Zhang Zhihong , Chen Liang , Guo Renhua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background To compare the benefits and explore the cause of acquired resistance of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) and its combination with chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR mutation in a real-life setting.Methods This retrospective analysis included 117 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation who underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) prior to treatment. The combination group included 50 patients who received the regimen of EGFR-TKI combined with chemotherapy, while the EGFR-TKI monotherapy group included 67 patients treated with TKI only. The primary endpoint of this study was progression-free survival (PFS); the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), response rate, and toxicity.Results The median PFS was significantly longer in the combination group than in the EGFR-TKI monotherapy group (19.00 months [95% CI, 14.674-23.326] vs. 11.70 months [95% CI, 10.807-12.593], p = 0.000). Subgroup analysis showed a similar trend of results. The median OS was not reached in the combination group and was 38.50 (95% CI, 35.300-41.700) months in the EGFR-TKI monotherapy group (p = 0.586). Patients in the combination group were more likely to experience adverse events, most of which showed the severity of grade 1 or 2. T790M mutation remains the main reason for acquired resistance, and the frequency of T790M mutation was similar between the two groups (p = 0.898). Conclusions Compared with EGFR-TKI monotherapy, EGFR-TKI combined with chemotherapy significantly improved PFS in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation, with acceptable toxicity.
Salvage Surgery for Patients With Residual Diseases After Improper or Insufficient Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Can We Rectify These Mistakes?
Authors: He Yue , Liu Zhonglong , Sheng Surui , Gao Weijin , Tang Xiao , Li Xiaoguang , Chunyue Ma 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:Patterns of failure after treatment of oral and squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are diversified, with recurrences being one of the common causes. A special group of patients are sometimes encountered in the outpatient clinic for improper or insufficient initial treatment with reports of positive margins, implying residual diseases. The question of whether these patients can be surgically salvaged remain unanswered.Methods:A retrospective study was performed between January 2013 and December 2017 for patients with residual or rapid recurrent (within 3 months) OSCCs, who received salvage surgeries in our institution. The patients with residual OSCCs were those with microscopic or macroscopic positive surgical margins, while those with rapid recurrent OSCCs were those with close or negative margins, but unabated painful symptoms right after treatment. Both clinicopathological and prognostic variables were analyzed. The focus was also directed towards lessons for possible initial mistakes, resulting in these residual diseases. Results:Of 103 patients, 68 (66%) were men, with mean age of 56.3 years. The overall survival reached 60.2%. Regarding the primary OSCC status, most of our patients (n=75, 72.8%) were diagnosed with T2-3 stages. Besides, most patients were found with macroscopic residual diseases (52.4%) before our salvage surgery. The sizes of the residual OSCCs were generally under 4 cm (87.3%) with minimally residual in 21 (20.4%). Among all the variables, primary T stage (p=0.003), and residual lesion size (p<0.001) were significantly associated with the prognosis in multivariate analysis. Though the causes for the initial surgical failure were multifactorial, most were stemmed from poor planning and unstandardized execution. Conclusions:Cases with residual OSCCs were mostly due to mistakes which could have been avoided under well-round treatment plans and careful surgical practice. Salvage surgery for cases with smaller residual OSCCs is still feasible with acceptable outcomes.
MCM6 indicates adverse tumor features and poor outcomes and promotes G1/S cell cycle progression in neuroblastoma
Authors: Gu Yaoyao , Hu Xiaoxiao , Liu Xiaowei , Cheng Cheng , Chen Kai , Wu Yeming , Wu Zhixiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Minichromosome maintenance complex component 6(MCM6),as an important replication permission factor, is involved in the pathogenesis of various tumors. Here we studied the expression of MCM6 in neuroblastoma and its influence on tumor characteristics and prognosis.
Methods
Publicly available datasets were used to explore the influence of the differential expression of MCM6 on neuroblastoma tumor stage, risk and prognosis. In cell experiments, human neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-SH and SK-N-BE(2) were utilized to verify the ability of MCM6 to promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion. We further explored the possible molecular mechanism of MCM6 affecting the phenotype of neuroblastoma cells by mutual verification of RNA-seq and western blotting, and flow cytometry to inquire about its potential specific roles in the cell cycle.
Results
Through multiple datasets mining, we found that high expression of MCM6 was positively correlated with elevated tumor stage, high risk and poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. At the cellular level, neuroblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion were significantly inhibited after MCM6 was interfered by siRNA. Mutual verification of RNA-seq and western blotting suggested that the downstream cell cycle-related genes were differentially expressed after MCM6 interference. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that neuroblastoma cells were blocked in G1/S phase after MCM6 interference.
Conclusion
MCM6 is considered to be the driving force of G1/S cell cycle progression, and it is also a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in neuroblastoma.
Human nasal septal chondrocytes (NSCs) preconditioned on NSC-derived matrix improve their chondrogenic potential
Authors: Noh Yong Kwan , Kim Sung Won , Kim Ik Hwan , Park Kwideok 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Extracellular matrix (ECM) has a profound effect on cell behaviors. In this study, we prepare a decellularized human nasal septal chondrocyte (NSC)-derived ECM (CHDM), as a natural (N-CHDM) or soluble form (S-CHDM), and investigate their impact on NSCs differentiation.
Methods
N-CHDM, S-CHDM were obtained from NSC. To evaluate function of NSC cultured on each substrate, gene expression using chondrogenic marker, and chondrogenic protein expression were tested. Preconditioned NSCs-loaded scaffolds were transplanted in nude mice for 3 weeks and analyzed.
Results
When cultivated on each substrate, NSCs exhibited similar cell spread area but showed distinct morphology on N-CHDM with significantly lower cell circularity. They were highly proliferative on N-CHDM than S-CHDM and tissue culture plastic (TCP), and showed more improved cell differentiation, as assessed via chondrogenic marker (Col2, Sox9, and Aggrecan) expression and immunofluorescence of COL II. We also investigated the effect of NSCs preconditioning on three different 2D substrates while NSCs were isolated from those substrates, subsequently transferred to 3D mesh scaffold, then cultivated them in vitro or transplanted in vivo. The number of cells in the scaffolds was similar to each other at 5 days but cell differentiation was notably better with NSCs preconditioned on N-CHDM, as assessed via real-time q-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Moreover, when those NSCs-loaded polymer scaffolds were transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice for 3 weeks and analyzed, the NSCs preconditioned on the N-CHDM showed significantly advanced cell retention in the scaffold, more cells with a chondrocyte lacunae structure, and larger production of cartilage ECM (COL II, glycosaminoglycan).
Conclusion
Taken together, a natural form of decellularized ECM, N-CHDM would present an advanced chondrogenic potential over a reformulated ECM (S-CHDM) or TCP substrate, suggesting that N-CHDM may hold more diverse signaling cues, not just limited to ECM component.
High Salt Diet Down Regulates TREM2&nbsp;Expression and Blunts Efferocytosis of Macrophage After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hu Mengyan , Lin Yinyao , Men Xuejiao , Zhu Qiang , Lu Danli , Liu Sanxin , Zhang Bingjun , Cai Wei , Lu Zhengqi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: High salt diet (HSD) is one of the major risk factors for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). As a potential mechanism, surplus salt intake primes macrophage towards a proinflammatory phenotype. The study investigated whether HSD could blunt efferocytosis of macrophage after ischemic stroke, which was a vital process that alleviated post stroke neuroinflammation. Besides, the underlying mechanism was explored.Methods: Wild type male C57/Bl6 mice were fed with fodder containing 8% sodium chloride for 4 weeks and subjected to transient middle cerebral occlusion (tMCAO). Disease severity, macrophage polarization as well as their efferocytic activities were evaluated. In in vitro study, bone marrow derived macrophages were cultured and the impact of high salinity environment on their efferocytic capacity, as well as their expression of phagocytic molecules were analyzed. The relationship of sodium concentration, macrophage phenotype, and disease severity in AIS patients with ischemic stroke was explored. Results: HSD-fed-mice displayed increased infarct volume and aggravated neurological deficiency. Mice fed with HSD suffered exacerbated neural inflammation as higher level of inflammatory mediators and immune cells infiltration were documented. Polarization shift towards pro-inflammatory phenotype impaired efferocytosis of infiltrated macrophages within stroke lesion in HSD-fed-mice were detected. As was uncovered by PCR array, macrophage expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a receptor relevant with phagocytosis, was down regulated in high salt environment. Enhancing TREM2 signaling restored the efferocytosis capacity and cellular inflammatory resolution of macrophages in high salinity environment. In AIS patients, high concentration of urine sodium was correlated with lower expression of TREM2 and detrimental stroke outcomes.Conclusions: HSD blunted efferocytic capacity of macrophages through down regulating the expression of TREM2, thus impeded inflammatory resolution after ischemic stroke. Enhancing TREM2 signaling in monocyte/macrophage could be a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance efferocytosis and promote post-stroke inflammatory resolution.
Access to Systemic Anti-cancer Therapies for Women With Secondary Breast Cancer - Protocol for a Mixed Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Pearson Sally Anne , Taylor Sally , Marsden Antonia , Yorke Janelle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:It is well recognised that access and receipt of appropriate guideline recommended treatment with systemic anti-cancer therapies for secondary breast cancer is a key determinant in overall survival. Where there is disparity in access this may result in unwarranted variation and disparity in outcomes. Individual, clinical and wider contextual factors have been associated with these disparities, however this remains poorly understood for women with secondary breast cancer. The purpose of the review is to address this gap by bringing together the available quantitative and qualitative evidence to examine factors associated with access to systemic anti-cancer therapies for women with secondary breast cancer and explore barriers and facilitators in relation to women and clinicians experience of access.Methods: A mixed methods approach with a segregated design will be used to examine and explore factors which influence access to systemic anti-cancer therapies for women with secondary breast cancer. Quantitative and qualitative appraisal, analysis and syntheses will be conducted discretely prior to final integration of findings. The review will use a comprehensive search strategy to search published and gray literature. Titles and abstracts will be screened against the eligibility criteria and full text articles will be retrieved for all records that meet the inclusion criteria. A data extraction tool will be developed, piloted and refined prior to full data extraction. Methodological quality and risk of bias will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Discussion:Understanding individual, clinical and wider contextual factors associated with access and receipt of systemic anti-cancer therapies for secondary breast cancer is a complex phenomenon. These will be examined to determine any association with access. Review findings will be used to guide future research in this area and the development of an evidence-based service level intervention designed to address unwarranted variation in access based upon the Medical Research Council (MRC) approach to the development, implementation and evaluation of complex interventions.Systematic review registration:The review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO CRD42020196490
Protocol for a Systematic Review of the in vivo Studies on Radiofrequency (100 kHz – 300 GHz) Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Cancer
Authors: Pinto Rosanna , Ardoino Lucia , Giardullo Paola , Villani Paola , Marino Carmela 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. An Italian project aims to review the scientific literature on the possible carcinogenicity of radiofrequency (100 kHz – 300 GHz) electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure. The ENEA team has to carry out a systematic review of the in vivo studies on this topic. Objectives: Development of a protocol for a systematic review (meta-analysis included) to investigate the potential carcinogenic risk following RF-EMF in vivo exposure to doses above or within legal limits. The aim of this review is - to provide a descriptive and, if possible, a quantitative summaries of the results of the examined RF-EMF in vivo studies, together with an assessment of the consistency of observations and of the causes of heterogeneity. - to assess the weight of evidence to support or refute the hypothesis of carcinogenic effects caused by RF-EMF exposure and to draw conclusions about the potential for carcinogenicity of RF-EMF exposure.Methods: We will search for relevant studies in electronic academic databases and in the reference list of selected papers and reviews on the topic, including the descriptive reviews on RF-EMF carcinogenic effect carried out by international panels of experts since 2011. PECO’s statements were defined: experimental studies on rodents of both sexes, all ages and species, all genetic background (Population) exposed to RF-EMF alone, or in combination with other physical or chemical agents (Exposure); only studies reporting outcome data in exposed and sham control groups (Comparison);all types of cancer with all tumor-related outcome measures (Outcome) will be included.Only peer-reviewed articles written in English will be considered without limit in publication date.Eligibility criteria were defined for screening of papers, moreover the risk of bias assessment will be performed using a specific risk of bias tool for animal studies. Only studies with "definitely low and/or probably low risk of bias" will be included in the analysis. A meta-analysis will be performed, if feasible, for all outcome measures: for subgroup analysis a minimum of 3 studies per subgroup will be required. If meta-analysis will not be possible, data will be reported through the descriptive summary.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020191105.
Validating the CUIDARE Scale in Measuring the Impact on Patients and the Adaptation Process of their Family Caregivers.
Authors: Gálvez Ana María Porcel , García Elena Fernández , García Eugenia Gil , Parra Juan Manuel Laguna , Trigo Sergio Barrientos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The family caregiving process requires adaptation and be evaluated to ensure a correct approach in supporting patients and their caregivers. The objective of the present study is to design and validate an instrument to determine the family caregivers’ adaptation to the caregiving process in relation to the care dependency of hospitalized patients. This paper presents CUIDARE, a validated scale based on the Nursing Outcomes Classification indicators and the Roy Adaptation Model, that evaluates the adaptation process of caregivers in hospital settings and its impact on hospitalized patients. Methods: A cross-sectional and psychometric validation study was carried out in ten public hospitals in the Andalusian Healthcare System. Data collection was undertaken between May 2016 and February 2017 in medical and surgical units, included 432 family caregivers. Results: The CUIDARE scale was shown to be internally consistent (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.818). The Exploratory Factor Analysis grouped 4 items into a single component with a variance-explanatory power of 65.6%. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis tested the unidimensionality of the scale with good fit model (CMIN/DF = 2.152; AGFI = 0.975; NFI = 0.993; CFI = 0.996; RFI = 0.979; RMSEA = 0.052). Conclusions: There is an association between the patients’ care dependency level and the family caregiver’s adaptation to caregiving (p-value <.001). Nursing professionals are encouraged to apply this instrument for the purpose of screening to facilitate the adaptation process of family caregivers and to improve the quality of care.
Identification of Selection Signatures in Commercial Asian Rice Subspecies Deciphered Selection Footprints for Four Overrepresented Biological Processes
Authors: Ardestani Siavash Salek , Roudbar Mahmoud Amiri , Banabazi Mohammad Hossein , Mousavi Seyedeh Fatemeh , Bhatta Madhav , Momen Mehdi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSelective breeding pressures have led to gradual genomic changes in Asian commercial rice, which have shaped selection footprints on its genome level. Tracing genomic selection footprints might be illuminative for better understanding of recent selection breeding objectives, and how breeding strategies have formed the Asian commercial rice genome. ResultsIn this study, the genotypic information (HDRA 700K) of four Asian commercial rice subspecies including Indica (n=498), Aus (n=187), Temperate japonica (n=241), and Tropical japonica (n=361) were downloaded from Rice Diversity Project database (http://www.ricediversity.org) to detect selection signatures by employing the Z-transformed of fixation index and Tajima’s D test, based on a sliding window approach. Although we could not identify overrepresented genomic regions underlying selection pressure among all aforementioned Asian commercial rice subspecies, interestingly, our findings revealed four overrepresented biological processes underlying selection pressure including proteolysis (GO:0006508), phosphorylation (GO:0016310), protein catabolic process (GO:0030163), and transmembrane transport (GO:0055085) that might be associated with immunity, senescing leaves, transporting, and absorption of ions. ConclusionsThese results can provide knowledge on how breeding efforts shaped the Asian commercial rice subspecies genome, and which genomic regions of these subspecies have been targeted in recent decades.
Spatial variations in seismicity characteristics in and around the source region of the 2019 Yamagata-Oki Earthquake, Japan
Authors: Ueda Taku , Kato Aitaro , Ogata Yoshihiko , Yamaya Lina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The 2019 Mj 6.7 Yamagata-Oki earthquake occurred adjacent to the northeastern edge of the source region of the 1964 Mj 7.5 Niigata earthquake, offshore of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Few aftershocks occurred in the source region of the Yamagata-Oki earthquake immediately following the Niigata earthquake, and the recent seismicity rate in this region is low compared with the source region of the Niigata earthquake. This spatial variation in seismicity may allow us to elucidate plausible physical processes that shape the spatiotemporal evolution of these shallow-crustal environments. Here, we investigate the spatial variations in seismicity characteristics by applying the HIerarchical Space–Time Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (HIST-ETAS) model to an earthquake catalog compiled by the Japan Meteorological Agency for events in and around the Yamagata-Oki earthquake rupture region. We compare spatial variations in the background seismicity rate and aftershock productivity estimated from the HIST-ETAS model with the geophysical features in the study region. The background seismicity rate is high along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan and correlates well with a previously identified zone that possesses a high geodetic E-W strain rate. The two major earthquakes occurred in and around a high E-W strain rate zone, suggesting that the background seismicity rate may serve as a key parameter for evaluating seismic hazard across the Japanese Archipelago. Furthermore, the source region of the Yamagata-Oki earthquake has a higher aftershock productivity and lower seismic-wave velocity than that of the Niigata earthquake. We interpret this low-velocity zone to be a well-developed damaged rock that resulted in an increase in aftershock productivity based on previous laboratory experiments and numerical results; this damage makes the rock more ductile at the macroscopic scale. The higher ductility in the source region of the Yamagata-Oki earthquake may have worked as a barrier against the propagation of dynamic rupture that occurred during the Niigata earthquake.