bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Serum Iron Profile and Liver Density in Non-Enhanced CT-Scan
Authors: Aziz-Ahari Alireza , Khaleghi Mohammadreza , Farahani Zahra , Samimi Kaveh 
Published: February 2020

It is known that liver biopsy is the gold standard of diagnosing liver iron deposition. By considering liver biopsy complication and cost, introducing a method to restrict unnecessary biopsy or even an alternative for liver biopsy can be useful. This study examined the relationship between serum iron profile and liver density on CT-Scan without contrast material injection. In this study, 76 patients were referred from different Rasoul-Akram Hospital parts in 2015-2016 (People who have undergone abdominal CT-scan for any reason, and blood tests included iron and lipid profiles). To calculate the liver mean density of a CT-scan, densities of 12 sites with an individual area of 1 cm2 on 3 different sections of the liver were obtained, and their average was recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS V.16 using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, independent T-test, and two-sample T-tests with a significance level of P<0.05. There is a significant relationship between the serum iron and serum ferritin levels with liver density. By increasing TIBC levels, the difference between liver and spleen densities increases, but no significant correlation was found between TIBC level and liver density. Moreover, there was no relationship between serum iron levels and serum ferritin with the difference between liver and spleen densities. The evaluation of liver density may be an alternative to liver biopsy in some cases or at least can be considered to restrict unnecessary biopsies.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(8):499-502.
Jinekoloji Polikliniğine Başvuran Geriatrik Hastalardaki Problemlerin Premenapozal Dönemdeki Hastalarla Kıyaslanması
Authors: GÜVEY Huri 
Published: February 2020

Amaç:
Premenapozal
ve postmenapozal geritrik hasta gruplarının jinekoloji polikiniğine başvuru
nedenlerini inceleyip karşılaştırmak.Yöntem: Sakarya Özel Konak Hastanesi Kadın Doğum
Polikliniğine başvuran 25 premenapozal ve 25 postmenapozal geriatrik yaş
grubunda hasta retrospektif olarak başvuru tanıları, gravida, parite durumları,
cerrahi operasyon ve sistemik hastalık bulunma öyküsü, ultrasonografi ile
endometrium kalınlığı ölçümü incelendi ve karşılaştırıldı. Araştırma verisi
SPSS 23.0 istatistik paket programı aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların
en sık başvuru sebepleri; %20 ile vajinit, %16 düzensiz menstrüal kanama, %14
postmenapozal kanama şeklindedir. Hastaların %76’sında sistemik hastalık öyküsü
yoktur. Hastaların %18’inde hipertansiyon, %6’sında diyabetes mellitus
bulunmaktadır. Premenapozal grupta sistemik hastalık bulunma oranı %4 iken
postmenapozal grupta bu oran %44 olarak bulunmuştur. Bulgularımıza göre postmenapozal
grupta uterin prolapsus (%12), sistosel ( %24) , üriner inkontinans (20), vazomotor
semptomlar(%4), vajinit (%12) ve postmenapozal kanama (28) görülürken,
premenapozal grupta vajinit (%28), myoma uteri (%16), düzensiz menstruasyon
(%32), dismenore (%8), over kisti (%12) ve cilt altı endometriozis (%4) tespit edilmiştir. Postmenapozal kanama
şikayetiyle gelen hastalara yapılan
endometrial örneklemede 2 hastada endometriod adenokanser saptanmıştır,
hastalar jinekolojik onkoloji kliniğine yönlendirilmiştir.Sonuç:
Tüm
jinekolojik problemlerin geriatrik yaş grubunda görülebilmesine karşın
hipoöstrojenemiye bağlı atrofik semptomlar, vazomotor semptomlar, pelvik organ prolapsusu, üriner
inkontinas gibi hastalıklar bu yaş grubu
kadınlarda daha sık görülmektedir. Hem kadın sağlığı hem de geriatrik yaş grubu
bakımı açısından bunlar da göz önüne alınarak jinekolojik değerlendirme yapmak
hastalıkların erken tanı ve tedavisi açısından yararlı olacaktır.
Stylistic fronting and verb placement in main clauses in Insular Scandinavian / Stílførsla og sagnorðspláss í høvuðssetningum í íslendskum og føroyskum
Authors: Angantýsson Ásgrímur 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe goal of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it provides an overview of V1 (verb-first), V2 (verb-second), and V3 (verb-third) constructions in main clauses in Icelandic and Faroese, and it seeks to explore to what extent the two closely related languages behave the same way in that resepect. The data presented here support the idea that Icelandic and Faroese have similar conditions with respect to the possibility of V1 and V3. However, some interesting exceptions are pointed out, in particular regarding the fronting of negative objects in Faroese (V3). On the other hand, special attention is given to the possibility of Stylistic Fronting (SF) as a matrix V2-phenomenon in the Insular Scandinavian languages. It has been claimed that SF is more restricted in embedded clauses in Faroese than it is in Icelandic, suggesting that Faroese is evolving in the direction of the Mainland Scandinavian languages, where SF has all but disappeared. Based on that, one might expect that SF is also on itsway out in main clauses. The comparison of stylistically fronted elements of various kinds conducted in this study shows that both languages obey similar restrictions. However, certain SF-constructions are much more restricted in Faroese than in Icelandic. ÚrtakEndamálið við hesi grein er tvíbýtt. Øðrumegin er tað at útvega eitt yvirlit yvir setningsgerðir við S1 (sagnorð-eitt), S2 (sagnorð-tvey) og S3 (sagnorð-trý) í høvuðssetningum í íslendskum og føroyskum, og roynt verður at kanna, í hvussu stóran mun tey bæði nær skyldu málini bera seg at á sama hátt í hesum sambandi. Dáturnar, ið verða lagdar fram her, stuðla hugsanini, at íslendskt og føroyskt hava líkar setningsgerðir við atliti at møguleikumfyri S1 og S3. Hinvegin verður víst á nøkur áhugaverd undantøk, serliga í sambandi við at hava negativ ávirki fremst í føroyskum (S3). Hinumegin verður serliga hugt at møguleikum fyri stílførslu sum S2-fyribrigdi í høvuðssetningumí íslendskum og føroyskum. Ført hevur verið fram, at stílførsla er meira avmarkað í eykasetningum í føroyskum enn hon er í íslendskum. Tað skuldi tí bent á, at føroyskt mennir seg sama veg sum danskt, norskt og svenskt, har ið stílførsla er um at vera púra burtur. Við støði í tí skuldi væntast, at stílførslaeisini er á veg út í høvuðssetningum. Samanberingar av stílførdum eindum av ymsum slag fremst í setningi, sum eru gjørdar í hesi kanning, vísa, at bæði málini geva seg undir avmarkingar av sama slag. Tó eru ávísar setningsgerðirvið stílførslu munandi meira avmarkaðar í føroyskum enn í íslendskum.
Ekonomia współdzielenia i zarządzanie zrównoważonym rozwojem środowiska w sektorze turystycznym w skali globalnej
Authors: Genç Ruhet 
Published: February 2020

W artykule zostanie omówiony wpływ rozwoju ekonomii współdzielenia na równowagę ekologiczną w sektorze turystycznym, w skali globalnej, jako że w literaturze jak dotąd nacisk jest kładziony głównie na konsekwencje ekonomiczne i społeczne. Zaprezentowano model matematyczny w celu oceny wpływu ekonomii współdzielenia na dobrobyt jednostek, które uczestniczą w działaniach z tego zakresu w konkretnych miejscowościach turystycznych. Autor opisuje też korzyść odnoszoną przez inne jednostki w postaci ich pozytywnego wizerunku zewnętrznego. Rozwój modelu będzie zależał od wyników przyszłych badań. Z pewnością wykażą one, że ekonomia współdzielenia wraz ze konsumpcją kolaboratywną w sektorze turystycznym stanowią rosnący trend w ekonomii światowej, który również przyczynia się do zrównoważonego rozwoju. Współdzieląc środki produkcji transportu, komunikacji itd., zarówno turyści, jak i usługodawcy są w stanie ograniczyć swój negatywny wpływ na środowisko. Artykuł wypełnia lukę w badaniach nad związkiem pomiędzy rozwojem zrównoważonym a ekonomią współdzielenia w sektorze turystycznym.
Wykorzystanie technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych w dostępie do informacji i usług turystycznych w świetle wyników badań przeprowadzonych wśród polskich turystów w województwie małopolskim
Authors: Pawłowska-Legwand Aneta 
Published: February 2020

Technologie informacyjno-komunikacyjne znalazły szerokie zastosowanie w dostępie do informacji i usług turystycznych, a korzystanie z tego typu rozwiązań oddziałuje na zachowania turystyczne. Celem autorki artykułu było scharakteryzowanie na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonych badań zachowań i opinii turystów w zakresie korzystania z tych technologii przed planowaną podróżą. Wyniki te, w tym ocena użyteczności narzędzi cyfrowych, wskazują, że turyści są zainteresowani korzystaniem z technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych. Najbardziej aktywnymi użytkownikami byli respondenci w wieku poniżej 35 lat, mieszkający w miastach i mający wykształcenie średnie lub wyższe. Strony internetowe, aplikacje mobilne i inne rozwiązania utworzone z zastosowaniem omawianych technologii były traktowane przez nich przede wszystkim jako źródło szeroko rozumianej informacji turystycznej oraz narzędzie ułatwiające planowanie trasy przemieszczania się, a także kupowanie usług turystycznych. Dla podróżnych miały również znaczenie media społecznościowe, umożliwiające dzielenie się w Internecie treściami związanymi z wyjazdem turystycznym.
A Method of Protecting Cements Against the Harmful Effects Of Mud Contamination
Authors: Beach H.J. , Goins W.C. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 148–152.

Abstract
The laboratory development and field use of oil well cement compositions with high resistance to drilling mud contamination are described. Resistance is obtained by adding a 1-lb mixture composed of three parts paraformaldehyde to two parts sodium chromate tetrahydrate for each sack of cement. This mixture neutralizes the cement-retarding properties of quebracho and other tannins, starch, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, lignite, and monovalent salts of lignosulfonic acid. The retarding properties of calcium lignosulfonate are unaffected.
The decontaminating mixture may be used in common cement (designated Type 1 by ASTM specifications, Class A by API Std. 10A) or in a slow set slurry prepared from common cement by addition of calcium lignosulfonate. No changes in slurry viscosities or thickening times are caused by the protecting reagents.
The method has been used in 185 field jobs where an improved success ratio has been obtained in plug setting.

Introduction
Field experience and laboratory investigations have established contamination by drilling mud as a major factor in oil well cement failures.
During 1955, 12 attempts were required to set six open-hole cement plugs in the Timbalier Bay field, La. Eighteen to 30 hours elapsed between placing and testing the plugs in preparation for sidetracking operations. Considerations of rig time expense required immediate resetting where soft cement was drilled after a reasonable waiting period. Sea water drilling mud was used in each well and daily additions of thinners, usually lignites, had been required. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose had been added regularly to control fluid loss. The 50 per cent plug failures were attributed primarily to contamination by the mud. Similar experiences can be found in other fields along the Texas and Louisiana coasts where drilling muds normally contain large quantities of organic treating materials.
Factors Affecting Well Productivity - I. Drilling Fluid Filtration
Authors: Glenn E.E. , Slusser M.L. , Huitt J.L. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 126–131.

Abstract
This paper is concerned with:an analysis and interpretation of the filtration characteristics of drilling muds on filter paper, andan interpretation of early stage "filtration" on consolidated synthetic porous media, herein referred to as the "surge loss" period.
It is shown that water-loss data can be plotted so as to disclose the existence of a surge period, a non-uniform cake thickness period, and a constant pressure filtration period. The same periods occur during exposure of consolidated porous media to muds. The data on consolidated porous media indicate that:mud particles bridge pores inside porous media during the surge period, and"filter cake" build-up inside porous media occurs during subsequent filtration.
The data also show that the surge loss increases with sample permeability and with pressure differential.

Introduction
The phenomenon of mud filtrate invasion into porous sands of a drilling well has been recognized for many years. Part of API Code 29 is concerned with the filtration testing of a drilling mud to yield data on this subject. In a number of investigations "plastering properties" of muds were studied, "plastering" apparently meaning cake forming properties. In such studies the characteristics (thickness, permeability, and toughness) of the cake and the rate at which the liquid phase of the mud was separated from the solids (filtration rate through the cake, commonly referred to as water loss) were measured or at least considered.
From the standpoint of its effect on well productivity, filtrate invasion into "clean" water-wet pay sands (i.e., those containing no clay minerals) may not necessarily be a serious problem. An increase in water saturation in the zone immediately around the wellbore would cause loss of oil permeability. However, in such a system, much of this water may be removed by oil production. If filtration occurs into "dirty" sands (i.e., those containing appreciable clay minerals), clay swelling or other mechanisms may cause losses in oil permeability which cannot be overcome by oil production.
Gas Detection by Dual-Spacing Neutron Logs in the Greater Oficina Area, Venezuela
Authors: Grosmangin Michael , Walker Edward B. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 140–147.

Abstract
The geological and economical conditions peculiar to the Greater Oficina area are presented to demonstrate the necessity of a low-cost, well-site method of distinguishing gas-bearing formations. The method of gas detection with the neutron log is briefly discussed and its limitations are explained. A new method is described which consists in running a second neutron log with a larger source-to-detector spacing.
Field data indicate that under favorable conditions the larger spacing response is proportionately more influenced by the virgin gas zone than is the shorter spacing response. One important condition is that the gas sands be invaded, with a diameter of invasion equal to about two to three times the hole diameter.
The calibration of the longer spacing log is made so that the two logs read the same deflection in shale and in a known water or oil sand. Under such conditions, gas is indicated by a positive separation, i.e., the curve for the longer device is displaced to the right of the curve for the shorter device.
Because of the non-linearity of the long spacing response, low porosity formations also show positive separations. In sands with large porosity variations, the gas sands can no longer be located visually. They can be detected on a plot of shorter spacing vs longer spacing deflections.

Introduction
In the Greater Oficina area of Eastern Venezuela, the rapid and accurate detection of gas from well logs is of primary importance because of a combination of economic, geologic, and operational conditions. Briefly, these conditions are: economic - there is no market for gas at the present time; geologic - a single well may contain as many as 30 or more oil or gas sands for which intervals to be tested must be selected; operational - first, once opened to the casing through perforations, gas sands are extremely difficult and expensive to squeeze off, and second, gas detection must be rapid because the geologist must decide immediately, at the well, which sand to perforate.
A Method of Calculating the Distribution of Temperature in Flowing Gas Wells
Authors: Lesem Louis B. , Greytok Frank , Marotta Frank , McKetta John J. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 169–176.

Introduction
Although one of the primary variables in the calculation of the flowing bottom-hole pressure in gas wells from surface measurements is the temperature at any point and its distribution in the flow-string, only few experimental data are available in the literature and little attention has been given to analysis of the problem. Virtually all of the recently published methods of calculating flowing bottom-hole pressures depend on the assumption that either the temperature is constant at some average value or that the variation is linear with depth. The purposes of this work are to analyze the problem theoretically and to verify the analysis by comparison with experimental data so that practical problems in the analysis of the behavior of gas wells can be solved with greater accuracy, reliability, and ease.

Mathematical Outline of Problem
Assuming that:The mass velocity and chemical composition of the gas stream are constant and in normal gas well operations, the change in linear velocity in the entire flow-string is trivial,The product of the density and heat capacity of the gas is constant,No horizontal temperature gradient exists in the gas stream,Net flow of heat by conduction within the formation and in the gas stream in the vertical direction is trivial in magnitude and can be neglected,The regional vertical geothermal gradient is constant, andThe temperature of the gas entering the borehole is constant, and equal to that of the reservoir,
a set of two simultaneous, linear partial differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions was derived to describe the temperature distribution in the gas stream and the surrounding formation. These equations were solved by operational techniques for the distribution of temperature in the gas stream. The resulting integrals were evaluated numerically on an IBM 604 at the Machine Accounting Div. of the Railroad Commission of Texas.
The Calculation of Wave Forces on a Sunken Obstruction
Authors: Chappelear J.E. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 227–230.

Theory
We are concerned with the problem of calculating the forces produced by passing waves on a submerged object (in particular a drilling barge) located on the ocean floor. We employ the linearized theory of waves (the Airy theory), since solutions are generally more easily obtained in such a theory. It will be indicated how an approximate solution to the problem can be obtained for waves of finite height by use of a linear combination of Airy waves. We shall assume the submerged object has an infinite length, thus neglecting diffraction and making the problem two-dimensional.
We find that there is not a considerable difference between our solution and the usual engineering solution. The force, as a function of time, is plotted in Figs. 4 and 5, together with the usual solution for easy comparison. So far, no experiments have been found to compare with the results.
As will be shown, the calculations can be extended to waves of finite height (Stokes-Struik waves) in an approximate fashion. This can be done by calculating the force produced by each Fourier component of the wave, separately, and omitting the coupling between the various harmonics produced by Bernoulli's theorem.
The problem and its boundary conditions will be briefly stated.
Clay Content and Capillary Behavior of Wyoming Reservoir Sands
Authors: Baptist Oren C. , White Eliot J. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 414–416.

Abstract
Samples of four reservoir sands having different degrees of water sensitivity were subjected to several laboratory tests to determine differences in capillary behavior attributable table to clay-mineral effects. The degree of water sensitivity was estimated by the difference between gas and water permeability. Unsaturated pore volumes determined with mercury injection were comparable to irreducible water saturations determined with the semipermeable barrier method only for the non-sensitive sands that contained small amounts of non-swelling clay minerals. Irreducible saturations were independent of salinity of the water, which suggests that most residual water is adsorbed as a film over solid surfaces and that internal retention by clay minerals is relatively insignificant. The water-sensitive sands imbibed water to higher saturations than did non-sensitive sands, and this result is believed to be a combination of the effects of clay minerals and preferential wettability; however, the relative importance of each of these effects is not determinable. Thus it is concluded that the semipermeable barrier method is the best of the laboratory methods used for estimating formation water saturations in the sands studied.

Introduction
This investigation is a continuation of studies of the role of clay minerals in petroleum production in the Rocky Mountain area. Previous work has shown large differences in gas and water permeability in numerous reservoir sands; these water-sensitivity effects observed in the laboratory have been correlated with well behavior in the field, and the degree of water sensitivity imparted to reservoirs by the various clay minerals has been determined.
The effect of interstitial clay minerals on formation water saturations is not so well known. It has been reported that formation water saturations probably are higher in clayey than clean sands, but this effect has not been evaluated in the laboratory, and the relative effect of the various types of clay minerals on formation water saturation has not been determined.
A novel variant of IHH in a Chinese family with brachydactyly type 1
Authors: Yang Qi , Wang Jin , Tian Xiaoxian , Chen Fei , Lan Jing , Zhang Qiang , Fan Xin , Yi Shang , Li Mengting , Shen Yiping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Brachydactyly type A1(BDA-1) is an autosomal dominant disorder which is caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in a specific region of the N-terminal active fragment of Indian Hedgehog ( IHH ). The disorder is mainly characterized by shortening or missing of the middle phalanges. The following study revealed a novel heterozygous missense variant c.299A>G (p.D100G) at the mutational hotspot of IHH gene after performing whole-exome sequencing in the proband of a Chinese family with BDA-1. The variant co-segregated with BDA-1 in the pedigree, showed 100% penetrance for phalange phenotype with variable expressivity. This finding expanded the variants on IHH gene which contribute to the cause of BDA-1.