bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunisation Status of Children and Adolescents with a New Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ford Timothy , Danchin Margie , McMinn Alissa , Perrett Kirsten , Alex George , Crawford Nigel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are at increased risk of serious infections, including vaccine preventable diseases. Current evidence suggests uptake of additional recommended special risk vaccinations is low. Identification of IBD patients prior to commencing immunosuppressive therapy allows for optimisation of vaccination, including timely administration of live-attenuated and additional recommended vaccines, such as influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. Methods:Paediatric patients (0-18 years) seen at the tertiary Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, with a recent diagnosis of IBD were referred by the Gastroenterology Unit to our Specialist Immunisation Clinic (SIC) for assessment and provision of routine and special risk vaccines. Data was collected via a standardised REDCap questionnaire completed in or post attendance at the SIC and included serology results where available. Results:Sixty-nine paediatric patients were recruited to the study between 2014 and 2017. Median age at IBD diagnosis was 11.25 years (IQR 4.64 years), with median time between diagnosis and SIC review of 0.88 years (IQR 2.84 years). At initial review 84.1% (58/69) of patients were up to date with vaccines on the Australian National Immunisation Program (NIP) schedule. Of those who were tested, serological evidence of immunity was demonstrated in 38.3% (23/60) of patients for Hepatitis B, 66.7% (36/54) for measles, 51.9% (28/54) for rubella and 41.9% (26/62) for Varicella Zoster Virus. Prior to SIC review 47.8% (33/69) had additional vaccinations and 92.8% (64/69) had vaccinations administered in the 12 months following SIC assessment. The Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (76.8%, 53/69) was the most commonly administered vaccine after SIC review, followed by influenza vaccine (69.6%, 48/69). Within 12 months of SIC review 43.5% (30/69) of patients had completed the schedule and were up-to-date as recommended by the SIC.Conclusions:Children with IBD and other special risk groups can benefit from early referral to a SIC team to ensure optimal administration of routine and additionally recommended vaccines, especially live and additional special risk vaccines. The value of optimising immunisations could also be applied to other special risk groups, including adult IBD cohorts, particularly those commencing newer biologic immunosuppressive medications.
High-Efficiency, Flexibility and Lead-Free X-ray Shielding Multilayered Polymer Composites
Authors: Li Zefeng , Zhou Wei , Zhang Xianlong , Gao Yue , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To overcome the severe toxicity and blind absorption zone of conventional lead-based shielding materials for X-rays in the 70-90 keV range, the lead-free multilayered polymer composites were designed and fabricated. The effects of the direction of incidence of the X-rays and number of layers as well as layer thickness ratio of the (tungsten/ethylene-octene copolymer)/(bismuth/ethylene-octene copolymer) layered composites on their shielding efficiency were studied systematically. Compared to the traditional polymer blending, the multilayered polymer composites exhibited the improved photon attenuation. The multilayered polymer composites (layer thickness ratio was 3:7) with 6 layers had the best X-ray shielding ability. Moreover, the X-ray shielding provided by the multi-layered interfaces and the multiple complementary effect of the absorption within the multilayered structure were firstly proposed based on computer simulations. The multilayered structural design effectively weakened the probability of the X-ray penetration. Therefore, the X-ray shielding capability can be effectively enhanced through increasing number of layers and the synergistic effect of multi-layered interfaces. The experimental results of this study can serve as guidelines for the fabrication of flexibility, lead-free, lightweight and high-efficiency X-ray shielding materials.
Responsiveness of The EuroQoL 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) Questionnaire in Patients with Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Tsang Helen Hoi Lun , Wong Carlos King Ho , Cheung Prudence Wing Hang , Lau Chak Sing , Chung Ho Yin , Cheung Jason Pui Yin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life due to functional impairments. Generic health instruments like the EuroQoL 5-dimension (EQ-5D) is important for cost-utility analysis of health care interventions and calculation of quality-adjusted life-years. It has been validated in patients with SpA. However, its responsiveness property has yet to be determined. Hence, the aim of study is to test the responsiveness properties of the EQ-5D health measure for Chinese patients with SpA.Methods: Prospective and consecutive recruitment of 151 Chinese patients with SpA was conducted with follow-up assessments 6 months later. Demographic data including smoking and drinking habits, education level, income and occupation was collected. Disease-associated data including disease duration, presence of back pain, peripheral arthritis, dactylitis, enthesitis, uveitis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease was also recorded. Questionnaires regarding disease activity and functional disability (BASDAI, BASFI, BASGI, BASMI, ASDAS), mental health (HADS) and the EQ-5D scores were recorded. Responsiveness was tested against the global rating of change scale (GRC) and changes in disease activity using BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP. Results: A total of 113 (74.8%) patients completed the follow-up assessments. Most patients (61.6%) had low disease activity level with BASDAI <4 and 39.7% of patients had inactive disease by ASDAS-CRP. EQ-5D scores was well discriminated between improved and worsened BASDAI scores. EQ-5D scores also correlated well with HADS. The GRC was not able to discriminate adequately. No significant ceiling or floor effect was observed. Conclusions: EQ-5D demonstrates satisfactory responsiveness property for assessment of changes in SpA disease activity.
Tetraploid Citrumelo 4475 (Citrus paradisi L. Macf. × Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) Rootstocks Improve Common Clementine Tolerance to Long-term Nutrient Deficiency (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan)
Authors: Oustric Julie , Herbette Stéphane , Quilichini Yann , Morillon Raphaël , Giannettini Jean , Berti Liliane , Santini Jérémie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nutrient deficiency alters growth and the production of high-quality nutritious food. In Citrus crops, rootstock technologies have become a key tool for enhancing tolerance to abiotic stress. The use of doubled diploid rootstocks can improve adaptation to lower nutrient inputs. This study investigated leaf structure and ultrastructure and physiological and biochemical parameters of common clementine scions (C) grafted on diploid (2x) and doubled diploid (4x) Carrizo citrange (C/CC2x and C/CC4x) and Citrumelo 4475 (C/CM2x and C/CM4x) rootstocks under optimal fertigation and after seven months of nutrient deficiency. Rootstock ploidy level had no impact on structure but induced changes in the number and/or size of cells and some cell components of common clementine leaves under optimal nutrition. Rootstock ploidy level did not modify gas exchanges in Carrizo citrange but induced a reduction in the leaf net photosynthetic rate in Citrumelo 4475. By assessing foliar damage, changes in photosynthetic processes and malondialdehyde accumulation, we found that C/CM4x were less affected by nutrient deficiency than the other scion/rootstock combinations. Their greater tolerance to nutrient deficiency was probably due to the better performance of the enzyme-based antioxidant system. Nutrient deficiency had similar impacts on C/CC2x and C/CC4x. Tolerance to nutrient deficiency can therefore be improved by rootstock polyploidy but remains dependent on the rootstock genotype.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Selected MicroRNAs in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Sadat-Ebrahimi Seyyed-Reza , Aslanabadi Naser , Asadi Milad , Zafari Venus , Shanebandi Dariush , Zarredar Habib , Enamzadeh Elgar , Taghizadeh Hamed , Badalzadeh Reza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Measurement of the level of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) has been introduced as a convincing diagnostic modality in a variety of diseases including acute heart failure (AHF). There are also a few encouraging results that advocate the prognostic value of miRNAs in AHF. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of selected miRNAs in patients with AHF. Method: Forty-four patients were randomly selected from AHF patients attending the Madani Heart Center of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from 1st April 2018 to 31st August 2018. 58 healthy participants were included as the control group. The plasma level of selected miRNAs including miR -1, -21, -23, and -423-5-p were measured in both groups. In the second phase, patients were followed for one year and several outcomes were recorded including in-hospital mortality, one-year mortality, and the number of readmissions. Result: An overall 102 plasma samples were evaluated. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics between the two groups (p> 0.05). Mean levels of miR-1, -21, -23, and -423-5-p in AHF patients were significantly higher than the control group (p values=0.001, 0.002, 0.002, and 0.001, respectively). All selected miRNAs demonstrated high diagnostic power. The highest sensitivity and specificity were seen in miR-423-5-p which were 90% and >99%, respectively (p = 0.001, AUC = 0.909). The follow-up data demonstrated these miRNAs had no significant association with prognostic outcomes (p>0.05 for all variables). Conclusion: The result of our study demonstrated that miR-1, -21, -23, and -423-5-p can be considered as biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity in AHF. However, we found no evidence supporting the efficacy of these miRNAs as prognostic factors.
Active Surveillance in 2020: A modified Delphi study to develop a practical guide for selecting patients with prostate cancer for Active Surveillance
Authors: Merriel Samuel , Moon Daniel , Dundee Phil , Corcoran Niall , Carroll Peter , Partin Alan , Smith Joseph , Hamdy Freddie , Moore Caroline , Ost Piet , Costello Tony 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Active surveillance (AS) is a management option for men diagnosed with lower risk prostate cancer. There is wide variation in all aspects of AS internationally, from patient selection to investigations and follow-up intervals, and a lack of clear evidence on the optimal approach to AS. This study aimed to provide guidance for clinicians from an international panel of prostate cancer experts. Methods A modified Delphi approach was undertaken, utilising two rounds of online questionnaires followed by a face-to-face workshop. Participants indicated their level of agreement with statements relating to patient selection for AS via online questionnaires on a 7-point Likert scale. Factors not achieving agreement were iteratively developed between the two rounds of questionnaires. Draft statements were presented at the face-to-face workshop for discussion and consensus building. Results 12 prostate cancer experts (9 Urologists, 2 academics, 1 radiation oncologist) participated in this study from a range of geographical regions (4 USA, 4 Europe, 4 Australia). Complete agreement on statements presented to the participants was 29.4% after Round One and 69.5% after Round Two. Following robust discussions at the face-to-face workshop, agreement was reached on the remaining statements. Conclusions The lack of consistency in the practice of AS for men with lower risk prostate cancer between and within countries was reflected in this modified Delphi study. There are, however, areas of common practice and agreement from which clinicians practicing in the current environment can use to inform their clinical practice to achieve the best outcomes for patients.
How the First Years of Motherhood Impact the Cardiac Autonomic Profile of Female Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Vecchia Laura Adelaide Dalla , De Maria Beatrice , Cassetti Giuseppina , Clementi Letizia , De Grazia Valeria , Perego Francesca , Porta Alberto 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe conciliation between career and family is a relevant issue for working women, in particular during the first years of motherhood. Data about the state of the cardiac autonomic regulation in working women with preschoolers are lacking.AimTo compare the cardiac autonomic profile of women with and without preschoolers via the analysis of the variability of the time distance between two consecutive R-wave peaks (RR) from standard 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods and ResultsFifty healthy active female healthcare professionals were enrolled: 25 with at least one preschooler (W_KID) and 25 without (W_NOKID). A standard Holter ECG was obtained during a regular working day. Segments of 5000 consecutive RRs were selected during daytime (DAY) and nighttime (NIGHT). Heart rate variability analysis was performed and the following parameters were considered for comparison between the two groups: mean (μRR), variance (σ2RR), and the absolute power in high frequency component (HF) of RR series. HFRR was considered as a marker of vagal cardiac modulation. Only µRR significantly increased from DAY to NIGHT in both groups, W_KID and W_NOKID. Instead, σ2RR and HFRR increased from DAY to NIGHT only in W_NOKID. W_KID showed lower σ2RR and HFRR during NIGHT, compared to W_NOKID.ConclusionThe presence of preschoolers lowered nocturnal cardiac vagal modulation of female mothers. This might represent a finalistic adaptation to facilitate reactivity to demanding tasks.
Dietary Natural Plant Extracts Modulate Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status of Senegalese Sole Postlarvae
Authors: Xavier Maria , Conceição Luís , Valente Luisa , Colen Rita , Rodrigues Andreia , Rocha Rui , Custódio Luísa , Carballo Carlos , Manchado Manuel , Engrola Sofia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Oxidative stress has a direct impact on fish production, affecting both growth and health status. Plant based extracts, such as those from green tea, curcumin and grape seeds, are known for their abundant content and diversity of polyphenols. These bioactive compounds have a high antioxidant capacity making such extracts good additives to include in fish diets potentially improving the oxidative status of fish, and therefore enhancing growth and stress resistance of farmed fish. A growth trial with Senegalese sole postlarvae (45 DAH) fed with four experimental diets, a control (CTRL) and three supplemented with natural antioxidants, namely curcumin (CC), green tea (GT) and grape seed (GS) extracts, was performed during 25 days to check if these supplements could improve growth performance and fish oxidative status. Moreover, a thermal stress was applied at the end of the growth trial, to assess the effect of these supplemented diets in stress resistance of sole juveniles.Sole growth was improved by the dietary inclusion of CC and GS compared to CTRL. Juveniles from CC and CTRL present the lowest values of oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonylation (PC)). Moreover, the fish fed CC showed a decrease in stress related biomarkers (heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)) compare to CTRL, which might be due to direct antioxidant capacity. In contrast the supplementation of GT and GS increased the content of oxidative damage in sole reared in standard conditions. However, after a thermal stress exposure both GT and GS treatment seem to prevent the increase of PC and decrease of antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in sole and depending on the time of exposure. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with these natural extracts modulates oxidative status and stress response after a short/long term temperature increase. The incorporation of curcumin seems to be a safe additive to include in sole diets, enhancing growth and oxidative status. The supplementation of the studied doses of green tea and grape seed extracts in fish diets needs further research as they may act as pro-oxidant depending of the culture conditions.
Decoding Location-specific and Location-invariant Stages of Numerosity Processing in Subitizing
Authors: Wurm Moritz , Tagliabue Chiara , Mazza Veronica 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Extracting the number of objects in perceived scenes is a fundamental cognitive ability. Number processing is proposed to rely on two consecutive stages: an early object location map that captures individuated objects in a location-specific way and a subsequent location-invariant representation that captures numerosity at an abstract level. However, it is unclear whether this framework applies to small numerosities that can be individuated at once ("subitized"). Here we used EEG-based multivariate pattern decoding to test for location-specific and location-invariant stages of numerosity processing in the subitizing range. In two experiments, 1-3 targets were presented in the left or right hemifield, which allowed for decoding target numerosity within each hemifield separately (location-specific) or across hemifields (location-invariant). Experiment 1 indicated the presence of a location-specific stage (180-200 ms post-stimulus), followed by a location-invariant stage (300 ms post-stimulus). Experiment 2 showed that both location-specific and invariant components are engaged only during tasks that explicitly require numerosity processing, ruling out automatic, passive recording of numerosity. Overall, the results suggest that numerosity coding in subitizing is strongly grounded on an attention-based, location-specific stage. This stage remains active in parallel with the subsequent activation of a location-invariant stage, where a full representation of numerosity is finalized.
Modal Reduction of Synthetic Jet Actuator Based Separation Control With Spectral POD
Authors: Shi Xuan , Sullivan Pierre 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is a zero-net-mass-flux device that imparts fluid momentum and is useful for active flow control (AFC). In many applications, airfoil performance is often limited or degraded by flow separation which is usually associated with loss of lift, increased drag, and kinetic energy losses. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate methods of separation region suppression with the forcing control of SJA. This paper studies the flow behavior of cross flow over an airfoil and how the addition of SJA influences flow characteristics. Using the Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and LES simulation, flow instabilities in the wake region are analyzed in their different temporal and spatial scales. The objective of this study is to explore the viability of SPOD for separation control and correlating the decomposed flow modes to the aerodynamic performance of airfoil.
Biosynthesis of α-elostearic Acid in the Seed of Momordica Charantia L.
Authors: Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz Katarzyna , Klińska Sylwia , Banaś Antoni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Momordica charantia L. is a plant belonging to Cucurbitaceae family. Currently it is cultivated throughout the word mostly for the immature fruits. Its seeds oil contains a large amount of α-eleostearic acid (αESA) , an isoform of α-linolenic acid with conjugated double bound. Oils with conjugated fatty acids are valuable both for industrial and nutraceutical application. After cloning the fatty acid conjugases (FADX), several attempts have been made to modify oilseed crops towards production of such fatty acids. The obtained transgenic plants produced, however, a much lower amount of conjugated fatty acids than FADX original plants. It has been postulated that this could be connected with the problem in the transfer of such fatty acids from the place of its synthesis – phosphatidylcholine (PC) – to the place of their storage – triacylglycerol (TAG) in the transgenic plants. In this study we have characterised the biosynthesis of α-eleostearic acid both in vivo in developing seeds of M. charantia and in vitro in experiments with microsomal fractions prepared from developing seeds of this plant. We observed significant differences in transfer of αESA from the place of its biosynthesis to TAG in these two system. In vivo αESA was very efficiently transferred while in vitro synthesised αESA remained mostly in PC.
Evolution of Networks of Protein Domain Organization
Authors: Aziz M. Fayez , Caetano-Anollés Gustavo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Domains are the structural, functional and evolutionary units of proteins. They combine to form multidomain proteins. The evolutionary history of this molecular combinatorics has been studied with phylogenomic methods. Here, we construct networks of domain organization and explore their evolution. These networks revealed two ancient waves of structural novelty arising from ancient ‘p-loop’ and ‘winged helix’ domains and a massive ‘big bang’ of domain organization. The evolutionary recruitment of domains was highly modular, hierarchical and ongoing. Domain rearrangements elicited non-random and scale-free network structure. Comparative analyses of preferential attachment, randomness and modularity of networks showed yin-and-yang complementary transition patterns along the evolutionary timeline. Remarkably, evolving networks highlighted a central evolutionary role of cofactor-supporting structures of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis (NRPS) pathways, likely crucial to the early development of the genetic code. Some highly modular domains featured dual response regulation in two-component signal transduction systems with DNA-binding activity linked to transcriptional regulation of responses to environmental change. Interestingly, hub domains across the evolving networks shared the historical role of DNA binding and editing, an ancient protein function in molecular evolution. Our investigation unfolds historical source-sink patterns of evolutionary recruitment that further our understanding of protein architectures and functions.