bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and spatial relative risk assessment for influenza A virus in poultry and swine in backyard production systems of central Chile
Authors: Bravo‐Vasquez Nicolas , Baumberger Cecilia , Jimenez‐Bluhm Pedro , Di Pillo Francisca , Lazo Andres , Sanhueza Juan , Schultz‐Cherry Stacey , Hamilton‐West Christopher 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackyard production systems (BPS) are a common form of poultry and swine production worldwide. The limited implementation of biosecurity standards in these operations makes BPS a potential source for the emergence of pathogens that have an impact on both animal and public health. Information regarding circulation of influenza A virus (IAV) in poultry and swine raised in BPS is scarce; particularly in South American countries. The objective of this study was to estimate prevalence and seroprevalence of IAV in BPS in central Chile, identify subtype diversity, evaluate risk factors and spatial relative risk for IAV. Samples were collected from 329 BPS from central Chile. Seroprevalence at BPS level was 34.7% (95% CI: 23.1%–46.2%), 19.7% (95% CI: 9.9%–30.6%) and 11.7% (95% CI: 7.2%–16.4%), whereas prevalence at BPS level was 4.2% (95% CI: 0.0%–8.8%), 8.2% (95% CI: 0.8%–14.0%) and 9.2% (95% CI: 4.8%–13.1%), for the Metropolitan, Valparaiso and LGB O’Higgins regions, respectively. Spatial analysis revealed that central‐western area of Metropolitan region and the southern province of Valparaiso region could be considered as high‐risk areas for IAV (spatial relative risk = 2.2, p < .05). Logistic regression models identified the practice of breeding both poultry and pigs at the BPS as a risk factor (95% CI 1.06–3.75). From 75 IAV ELISA‐positive sera, 20 chicken sera had haemagglutination inhibition titres ranging from 20 to 160, and of these, 11 had microneutralization titres ranging from 40 to 960 for one or more IAV subtypes. Identified subtypes were H1, H3, H4, H9, H10 and H12. Results from this study highlight the need for further IAV surveillance programmes in BPS in Chile. Early detection of IAV strains circulating in backyard animals, especially in regions with large human populations, could have an enormous impact on animal and public health.
Enhanced removal of antimony in dyeing wastewater by mixing Fe3O4 with manganese sand filter material
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Ying Qiyan , Li Congyu , Norra Stefan , Lichtfouse Eric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWastewaters from the printing and dyeing industries contain many contaminants in particular antimony (Sb) that end up in the environment. Both manganese sand filter and Fe3O4 have good removal effect on Sb, and are cheap and easy to obtain. We made a filter material by mechanically mixing the manganese sand filter material and ferro‐ferric oxide (Fe3O4). The Fe–Mn oxide filter material was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction. We studied the filtration of real wastewater from a dyeing wastewater resource recovery facility in Suzhou, China, containing Sb at high concentration of 410 μg/L, using dynamic tests in adsorption columns during 7 days. We tested the effects of filter material volume filling ratio, the empty bed contact time (EBCT), pH, and back washing on the removal of Sb. Results show that the addition of Fe3O4 enhanced the removal of Sb, reaching 85% of initial Sb. When the initial influent pH of the raw water is 3.0, the volume filling ratio of filter material is 60%, the EBCT is 20 min, and the developed dynamic Fe–Mn oxide filter has the best removal effect on Sb. Daily back washing of the filter keeps a Sb removal rate of about 80%.Practitioner points

A novel and cheap Fe–Mn oxide was developed for Sb removal from dyeing wastewater.

A self‐designed filter device was designed to verify performance of the low‐cost material.

Optimal design and operational parameters of the filtration process were determined.
Novel adipokine associated with OA: retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is produced by cartilage and is correlated with MMPs in osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Scotece Morena , Koskinen-Kolasa Anna , Pemmari Antti , Leppänen Tiina , Hämäläinen Mari , Moilanen Teemu , Moilanen Eeva , Vuolteenaho Katriina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a member of the lipocalin family and a vitamin A carrier in the blood. More recently, RBP4 has been described as an adipokine that is involved in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS). As obesity, MetS and some adipokines contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), we investigated RBP4 in patients with OA.

Materials and methods
Cartilage, synovial fluid and blood samples were collected from 100 OA patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery. Primary chondrocytes and cartilage tissue were cultured to measure the RBP4 expression. The concentrations of RBP4, other adipokines (adipsin, adiponectin, leptin and resistin) and biomarkers of OA (COMP, MMP-1, MMP-3 and YKL-40) were measured by immunoassay, and gene expression was measured by next-generation RNA sequencing.

Results
The OA cartilage samples released RBP4 into the culture medium, and the levels correlated positively with the expression of the adipokines adipsin, adiponectin, leptin and resistin. RBP4 was the most prominently expressed of these adipokines in the OA chondrocytes, and the expression of the RBP4 receptors STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid gene homologue 6) and TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) was also detected. Within the cartilage culture medium, RBP4 showed a positive correlation with MMP-1, MMP-3 and YKL-40. RBP4 was also present in the synovial fluid from the OA patients and correlated positively with the concentrations of RBP4 found in the plasma and the cartilage culture medium. Plasma RBP4 concentrations also showed a positive correlation with MMP-3 and adipsin.

Conclusions
We show here, for the first time, that RBP4 is produced within OA joints and that it is associated with increased levels of adipokines and MMPs. The results suggest a role for RBP4 in the pathogenesis of OA and as a possible target for the disease-modifying drugs for the treatment of OA.
The impact of mode of subsequent birth after obstetric anal sphincter injury on bowel function and related quality of life: a cohort study
Authors: Webb Sara S. , Sitch Alice , MacArthur Christine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The objective was to assess the impact of mode of subsequent birth on bowel function and related quality of life (QoL) in pregnant women with previous obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI).

Methods
A prospective cohort study, designed, undertaken and reported using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement and checklist. All pregnant women with previous OASI recruited at a specialist antenatal OASI clinic in a tertiary hospital to discuss mode of subsequent birth, between 1 January 2014 and 31 October 2015. Women are counselled in line with local guidelines based on Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Green-top recommendations. In addition to routine endoanal ultrasound scan (EAUS), women recruited to the study were asked to complete the validated Manchester Health Questionnaire (MHQ) at both 34 weeks’ gestation and 6 months postnatally.

Results
Of the 175 study participants, 125 (71.4%) completed follow-up at 6 months. There was no significant change in frequency of bowel symptoms or QoL domain scores in women who had a subsequent vaginal birth compared with caesarean section. Multivariate analysis showed the odds of having poor “incontinence impact” (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.03–8.21) and “physical limitations” (OR 4.56, 95% CI 1.02–20.45) were significantly higher for women who had a subsequent caesarean section.

Conclusions
For women with previous OASI, a subsequent vaginal birth is suitable for those with no bowel symptoms and normal EAUS and caesarean section is reasonable for women who do not have normal bowel function and/or normal EAUS findings; however, for some of these women bowel symptoms and QoL may be worsened.
Strategies for implementation of guideline recommended cardiovascular risk management for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a questionnaire survey of expert rheumatology centers
Authors:   ATrans-Atlantic Cardiovascular Consortium for Rheumatoid Arthritis (ATACC-RA), Weijers Julia M. , Semb Anne G. , Rollefstad Silvia , Kitas George D. , van Riel Piet L. C. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim was to study the different strategies used to implement cardiovascular risk evaluation and management for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in daily clinical practice. A questionnaire survey was performed among both the members of the international Trans-Atlantic Cardiovascular Risk Consortium for Rheumatoid Arthritis (ATACC-RA) as well as the Survey of cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVD-RF) in patients with RA (SURF-RA) group. The questionnaire included 18 questions with the overarching topics: (1) organization and responsibility of cardiovascular risk management (CVRM); (2) screening of CVD-RFs; (3) overview current CVRM status; and (4) availability of data regarding CVRM. Based on the answers, two researchers (JW, PR) independently categorized the different strategies. Thirteen out of 27 rheumatology centers responded to the questionnaire. One rheumatology center did not have organized CVRM for their RA patients. Among the other centers, three strategies to organize CVRM in daily practice were distinguished: (1) the rheumatologist performs CVRM during outpatient visits (n = 6); (2) cardiologists and rheumatologists co-operate in a cardio-rheuma-clinic/team with different tasks and responsibilities (n = 3); and (3) the general practitioner screens and intervenes on CVD-RFs (n = 3). Each CVRM strategy was based on agreements between medical professionals and was also dependent on the national healthcare system and available financial resources. Three strategies were identified for CVRM implementation in daily clinical practice based on who is primarily responsible for performing CVRM. More research is warranted to compare their relative merits and effectiveness in relation to CVRM.
Dynamical downscaling simulation and projection for mean and extreme temperature and precipitation over central Asia
Authors: Zhu Xian , Wei Zhigang , Dong Wenjie , Ji Zhenming , Wen Xiaohang , Zheng Zhiyuan , Yan Dongdong , Chen Deliang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs a typical arid and semi-arid area, central Asia (CA) has scarce water resources and fragile ecosystems that are particularly sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. In this study, dynamic downscaling was conducted to produce a regional dataset that incorporated the time period 1986–2100 for the CA. The results show that dynamic downscaling significantly improves the simulation for the mean and extreme climate over the CA, compared to the driving CCSM4 model. We show that significant warming will occur over CA with 2.0 °C and 5.0 °C increasing under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively by the end of twenty-first century. The daily maximum temperature, the daily minimum temperature and the annual total number of days with a minimum temperature greater than 25 °C will also increase significantly. The annual total number of days with a minimum temperature less than 0 °C will decrease significantly. Long-term trends in the projected winter precipitation under different emission scenarios exhibit robust and increasing changes during the twenty-first century, especially under the RCP8.5 scenario with an increasing about 0.1 mm/day. Significant differences are shown in the projection of precipitation-related indices over CA under different emission scenarios, and the impact of emissions is apparent for the number of days with ≥ 10 mm of precipitation, the density of precipitation on days with ≥ 1 mm of precipitation, and particularly for the maximum consecutive number of dry days that will increase significantly under the RCP8.5 scenario. Therefore, reduced greenhouse gases emissions have implications for mitigating extreme drought events over the CA in the future.
Die Impfung gegen Alzheimer – Ethische Fragen der Zukunft
Authors: Schmidhuber Martina 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung2018 waren weltweit 50 Mio. Menschen von einer Demenz betroffen. Demenz ist sowohl aus sozialer als auch aus ökonomischer Sicht eine Herausforderung für die Gesellschaft. Ein Ziel der Alzheimer-Forschung ist u. a., einen Impfstoff gegen Alzheimer herzustellen. Bisher ohne Erfolg. Dennoch ist früher oder später ein Durchbruch zu erwarten. Welchen sozialen und ethischen Herausforderungen sich die Gesellschaft dann aber aufgrund der Impfung gegen Alzheimer stellen muss, wird im vorliegenden Text diskutiert. In Anlehnung an die aktuelle Impfdebatte werden Fragen zwischen Autonomie des Einzelnen und Verantwortung gegenüber der Gesellschaft betrachtet, sowie das Ziel einer Durchimpfungsrate und die damit möglicherweise verbundene Impfpflicht, das Recht auf Nicht-Wissen und das Recht auf Krankheit. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass eine Alzheimer-Impfung eine Vielzahl von ethischen Herausforderungen implizieren würde.
Of global reach yet of situated contexts: an examination of the implicit and explicit selection criteria that shape digital archives of historical newspapers
Authors: Hauswedell Tessa , Nyhan Julianne , Beals M. H. , Terras Melissa , Bell Emily 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA large literature addresses the processes, circumstances and motivations that have given rise to archives. These questions are increasingly being asked of digital archives, too. Here, we examine the complex interplay of institutional, intellectual, economic, technical, practical and social factors that have shaped decisions about the inclusion and exclusion of digitised newspapers in and from online archives. We do so by undertaking and analysing a series of semi-structured interviews conducted with public and private providers of major newspaper digitisation programmes. Our findings contribute to emerging understandings of factors that are rarely foregrounded or highlighted, yet fundamentally shape the depth and scope of digital cultural heritage archives and thus the questions that can be asked of them, now and in the future. Moreover, we draw attention to providers’ emphasis on meeting the needs of their end-users and how this is shaping the form and function of digital archives. The end user is not often emphasised in the wider literature on archival studies and we thus draw attention to the potential merit of this vector in future studies of digital archives.
Governance for excellence and diversity? The impact of central and regional affiliation for the strategic positioning of Chinese top universities
Authors: Dong Xilu , Maassen Peter , Stensaker Bjørn , Xu Xiuling 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThrough analysis of the strategic ambitions of China’s top universities, this article studies the relationship between governance structures at the system level and strategic institutional adaptations. In China, some top universities are governed directly by the national authorities while others have regional affiliations. By analyzing the strategic plans of a sample of universities in both categories the article examines how these differences in governance modes may impact the formal ambitions and objectives of the universities and discuss the potential system implications of these different governance modes, especially related to issues of excellence and diversity. The article find that differences in governance modes do affect the strategic positioning of Chinese universities, and different ways in which governance arrangements can be used to foster both excellence and diversity in a system perspective are discussed.
Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration and Scholarly Independence in Multidisciplinary Learning Environments at Doctoral Level and Beyond
Authors: Brodin Eva M. , Avery Helen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate how patterns of collaboration and scholarly independence are related to early stage researchers’ development in two multidisciplinary learning environments at a Swedish university. Based on interviews with leaders, supervisors, doctoral students, and post docs, results show how early stage researchers’ development is conditioned by their relative positions in time (career stage) and space (geographical and epistemic position). Through the theoretical notions of ‘epistemic living space’ and ‘developmental networks’, four ways of experiencing the multidisciplinary learning environment were distinguished. Overall, the environments provided aworld of opportunities, where the epistemic living space entailed many possibilities for cross-disciplinary collaboration and development of scholarly independence among peers. However, depending on the members’ relative positions in time and space, this world becamean alien worldfor the post docs who had been forced to become “over-independent” and find collaborators elsewhere. Moreover, it becamean avoided worldfor absent mono-disciplinary supervisors and students who embodied “non-collective independence”, away from the environments’ community. By contrast,a joint worldemerged for doctoral students located in the environment, which promoted their “independent positioning” and collaborative ambitions. Thus, early stage researchers’ collaboration and development of scholarly independence were optimised in aconverged learning space, where the temporal and spatial conditions were integrated and equally conducive for learning. Based on these results, the authors provide suggestions for how to improve the integration of scholars who tend to develop away from the community because of their temporal and spatial positions.
Deep Neural Network Augmentation: Generating Faces for Affect Analysis
Authors: Kollias Dimitrios , Cheng Shiyang , Ververas Evangelos , Kotsia Irene , Zafeiriou Stefanos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach for synthesizing facial affect; either in terms of the six basic expressions (i.e., anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness and surprise), or in terms of valence (i.e., how positive or negative is an emotion) and arousal (i.e., power of the emotion activation). The proposed approach accepts the following inputs:(i) a neutral 2D image of a person; (ii) a basic facial expression or a pair of valence-arousal (VA) emotional state descriptors to be generated, or a path of affect in the 2D VA space to be generated as an image sequence. In order to synthesize affect in terms of VA, for this person, 600,000 frames from the 4DFAB database were annotated. The affect synthesis is implemented by fitting a 3D Morphable Model on the neutral image, then deforming the reconstructed face and adding the inputted affect, and blending the new face with the given affect into the original image. Qualitative experiments illustrate the generation of realistic images, when the neutral image is sampled from fifteen well known lab-controlled or in-the-wild databases, including Aff-Wild, AffectNet, RAF-DB; comparisons with generative adversarial networks (GANs) show the higher quality achieved by the proposed approach. Then, quantitative experiments are conducted, in which the synthesized images are used for data augmentation in training deep neural networks to perform affect recognition over all databases; greatly improved performances are achieved when compared with state-of-the-art methods, as well as with GAN-based data augmentation, in all cases.
Distribution of uranium and thorium chains radionuclides in different fractions of phosphogypsum grains
Authors: Szajerski Piotr 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work presents results obtained using gamma spectrometry measurements of phosphogypsum samples on a non-fractionated (native) and fractionated phosphogypsum byproduct. The phosphogypsum was divided into particles size fractions within the range of < 0.063, 0.063–0.090, 0.090–0.125, 0.125–0.250, and over 0.250 mm and analyzed after reaching radioactive equilibrium using high-resolution gamma spectrometry technique. It was found that there is no significant differentiation between 226Ra distribution among particular grain size fractions of this material; however, tendency for preferential retention of radionuclides in particular grain size fractions is observed. The detailed analysis of results revealed that radium is preferentially retained in smaller grain size fractions, whereas lead and thorium in coarse fractions. The results indicate that overall 226Ra activity concentrations between particular fractions of phosphogypsum vary globally between − 34 and + 47% regarding non-fractionated material, and for 210Pb activity concentration, fluctuations are found between − 26 up and + 38%. Presumably, the mechanism of radium incorporation into gypsum phase is based on a sequence of radium bearing sulfate phases formation followed by a surface adsorption of these phases on the calcium sulfate crystals, whereas for lead and thorium ions, rather incorporation into crystal lattice should be expected as more likelihood process.
Customer compliance with employee fuzzy requests in service encounters: a self-determination theory perspective
Authors: Teng Teng , Zhang Shengliang , Li Xiaodong , Chen Yuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis research proposes a theoretical model to explain customer compliance with employee fuzzy requests in service encounters from a self-determination theory perspective. Utilizing data collected from 382 car-hailing users in south China, the model was examined through partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results revealed that identified and integrated regulations are positively related to customer compliance. Furthermore, identified regulation is positively affected by sense of relatedness, while integrated regulation is positively influenced by perceived autonomy support, self-efficacy, and sense of relatedness. This study provides important implications for scholars and managers by establishing a self-determination mechanism.
Experimental validation of bifurcated hydrogen bond of 2,5-lutidinium bromanilate and its charge density distribution
Authors: Rajendran Niranjana Devi , Mookan Natarajan , Samuel Israel , Mookan Sarath Babu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
2,5-Lutidinium bromanilate is a molecular complex that consists of bromanilic acid and 2,5-lutidine in which hydrogen-bonding interactions occur between them, producing a charge-assisted bifurcated N–H…O hydrogen bond. Bond characteristics are determined from the experimental charge density distribution of the molecular complex using the Hansen–Coppens model. The electron density, topological properties, electrostatic potential and atomic charges of the molecule have been investigated to better understand the atomic, molecular and electronic properties in a detailed manner. The electronic nature of the significantly important charge-assisted bifurcated hydrogen bond has been analyzed with the help of topological properties.

Graphic abstract