bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidating the Performance Limitations of Alkaline Electrolyte Membrane Electrolysis: Dominance of Anion Concentration in Membrane Electrode Assembly
Authors: Razmjooei Fatemeh , Farooqui Azharuddin , Reissner Regine , Gago Aldo Saul , Ansar Syed Asif , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) offer a cost‐effective technology for producing green hydrogen. Here, an AEMWE with atmospheric plasma spray non‐precious metal electrodes was tested in 0.1 to 1.0 M KOH solution, correlating performance with KOH concentration systematically. The highest cell performance was achieved at 1.0 M KOH (ca. 0.4 A cm−2 at 1.80 V), which was close to a traditional alkaline electrolysis cell with ≈6.0 M KOH. The cell exhibited 0.13 V improvement in the performance in 0.30 M KOH compared with 0.10 M KOH at 0.5 A cm−2. However, this improvement becomes more limited when further increasing the KOH concentration. Electrochemical impedance and numerical simulation results show that the ohmic resistance from the membrane was the most notable limiting factor to operate in low KOH concentration and the most sensitive to the changes in KOH concentration at 0.5 A cm−2. It is suggested that the effect of activation loss is more dominant at lower current densities; however, the ohmic loss is the most limiting factor at higher current densities, which is a current range of interest for industrial applications.
Chemosensory aerosol assessment of key attributes for tobacco products
Authors: Soares Frederico L.F. , Marcelo Marcelo C.A. , Dias Jailson C. , Juliano Luciana C. , Porte Liliane M.F. , Canova Luciana dos S. , Ardila Jorge A. , Pontes Oscar F.S. , Sabin Guilherme P. , Kaiser Samuel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman sensory evaluation plays an important role in assessing quality and supports commercial product development in many industries. However, sensory evaluation of tobacco products often requires highly trained specialists, is thus expensive, time‐consuming with low throughput capacity. To overcome such limitations, analytical platforms based on chemical fingerprints were proposed and evaluated in this work based on two different tobacco matrices. Using cigarette smoke as an example, the method was capable of predicting sensory attributes through chemical fingerprinting key tobacco and cigarette mainstream aerosol compositions. To achieve this, tobacco samples (comprising flue‐cured Virginia and air‐cured Burley types) and cigarette mainstream smoke samples were evaluated using high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The chemical fingerprint of each sample matrix was related to its respective reference sensory attributes, validated by highly trained panellists, to create predictive models based on partial least squares algorithm. These methodologies were further validated through a blind test with suitable prediction of all sensory attributes for single grade tobacco leaf and commercial blended cigarette smoke. The proposed methodology demonstrated satisfactory accuracy, repeatability and robustness, with prediction errors less than 20% for single grade tobaccos, and less than 11% for commercial products. When compared with human sensory evaluation, it significantly improved analytical capacity (over 100 samples per day) at comparable or improved accuracy. This method could be applied to evaluate other novel tobacco products such as heated tobacco products.
Chemistry, Sustainability and Naturality of Perfumery Biotech Ingredients
Authors: Lecourt Mathilde , Antoniotti Sylvain 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhite biotechnology has emerged in biochemical manufacturing processes to deliver perfumery ingredients satisfying interests of the society for natural, eco‐responsible, and sustainable materials. As a result, an intense R&D activity has taken place on these subjects, resulting in both scientific publications and patent applications reporting combinations of state‐of‐the‐art approaches in biocatalysis, metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, biosynthesis elucidation, gene edition and cloning, and analytical chemistry. In this Minireview, a smelly selection of novel biotechnological processes and ingredients from a scientific articles and patents survey covering the last 6 years is presented and analysed in terms of chemistry, sustainability and naturality. Classification has been made between metabolic engineering on one side, allowing either biotechnological synthesis of essential oil surrogates or single molecule ingredients, and on the other side the optimisation of properties of natural complex substances by specific and selective enzymatic modifications of their chemical composition.
Multicentric MFI30 study: Standardization of flow cytometry analysis of CD30 expression in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Debliquis Agathe , Baseggio Lucile , Bouyer Sabrina , Guy Julien , Garnache‐Ottou Francine , Genevieve Franck , Mayeur‐Rousse Caroline , Letestu Remi , Chapuis Nicolas , Harrivel Véronique , Bennani Hind , Lachot Sebastien , Loosveld Marie , Nicolino‐Brunet Corinne , Pérès Michaël , Roussel Mikael , Veyrat‐Masson Richard , Jacob Marie‐Christine , Drenou Bernard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCD30 transmembrane receptor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, is expressed in different lymphomas. Brentuximab vedotin (BV), a CD30 monoclonal antibody (Ab)‐drug conjugate, is effective in CD30‐positive lymphomas. However, the response to BV is not always correlated to CD30 expression detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The objectives of this study were to standardize and evaluate CD30 intensity by flow cytometry (FCM) in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. Twelve centers analyzed 161 cases on standardized cytometers using normalized median fluorescence intensity (nMFI30) of three different Abs, of which one clone can recognize the same epitope as BV. FCM distinguished four groups of cases: negative group (n = 110) which showed no expression with the three clones; high positive group (n = 13) which gave nMFI30 > 5% with all tested clones; dim positive group (n = 17) which showed nMFI30 > 1% with all tested clones and <5% for at least one; discordant group (n = 21) with positive and negative expression of the different clones. In consistency with the literature, CD30 was positive in all anaplastic large cell lymphomas, in some diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL), and in other rare lymphomas. FCM results were concordant with those of IHC in 77% of cases. Discrepancies could be explained by clones‐related differences, microenvironment, or intracytoplasmic staining. Interestingly, FCM was more sensitive than IHC in 11% of cases, especially in DLBCL. Multicenter standardized FCM of specific CD30 could improve case detection and extend the treatment of BV to various CD30‐positive lymphomas.
Utility of p16 and HPV testing in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: An institutional review
Authors: Abdelhakam Dina A. , Huenerberg Katherine A. , Nassar Aziza 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundIn the US, 60% to 80% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). However, until recently, no consensus existed about when and how to test for HPV in patients with head and neck cancers. We aimed to evaluate the use of p16 and HPV testing at our institution because p16 immunohistochemistry is reportedly a reliable surrogate marker for HPV detection in OPSCCs.MethodsWe identified all cases at our institution of primary or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck with a concurrent p16 immunostain analysis from January 1, 2013, through August 31, 2018. Patient demographic data, tumor characteristics, p16 result, and any HPV result (in situ hybridization and E6 and E7 RNA test) were captured.ResultsWe identified 104 patients. Most primary tumors (53/57 [93.0%]) and metastases (40/47 [85.1%]) were positive for p16. Thirty‐seven cases (35.6%) had reflex high‐risk HPV (HR HPV) testing performed. Of the 35 p16‐positive cases, 6 had discrepant HR HPV results (p16+/HPV−). We identified 47 p16 immunostains that were performed on lymph nodes with primary tumors of unknown origin. Most were cytology cases (34/47 [72.3%]), and most were p16 positive (40/47 [85.1%]). Neither tumor differentiation nor tumor keratinization was predictive of p16 positivity. Tumors with basaloid differentiation were universally p16 positive.Conclusionp16 immunohistochemistry accurately identifies HPV‐positive OPSCC. Cytology specimens have an important role in characterizing SCC of unknown origin. HR HPV testing is not routinely required, and results may be discrepant with p16 findings.
Differential sensitivity to species‐ and race‐based information in the development of attention orienting and attention holding face biases in infancy
Authors: Hunter Brianna K. , Markant Julie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExperience‐based biases in face processing can reflect both attention orienting biases that support efficient selection of faces from competing stimuli and attention holding biases that allow for detailed encoding of selected faces. It is well established that infants demonstrate both species‐ and race‐based biases in attention holding. Fewer studies have found species‐based, but not race‐based, orienting biases in infancy but these studies examined species‐ and race‐based biases separately and measured overall orienting without examining attention to distractors. The present study directly compared 6‐ and 11‐month‐old infants’ species‐ and race‐based biases in attention holding and orienting to faces. We measured infants’ duration of looking and frequency/speed of orienting to own‐race, other‐race, and monkey faces in multi‐item search arrays, and their frequency of orienting to faces and distractors during search. Infants showed expected species‐ and race‐based biases in attention holding but only a species‐based bias in overall orienting. However, they also showed reduced orienting to salient distractors in the context of own‐race faces. These results suggest that orienting mechanisms mediating face selection are robustly driven by species information while orienting to faces versus distractors during search may also reflect prior learning about frequently experienced own‐race faces.
Evaluate the comparability of two automated liquid handling systems for clinical toxicology assays
Authors: Yang Yifei K. , Reichman Heather A. , Bankhead Corey D. , McNamee Jason A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAutomated liquid handling (ALH) platforms are increasingly implemented in clinical laboratories to improve analytical reproducibility and replace manual handling during sample analysis. In clinical toxicology laboratories, ALH platforms are primarily utilized to perform sample preparation and extraction prior to subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). When performing analysis with complex human biological matrices, verifying the performance characteristics of ALH platforms is required to ensure the assays' accuracy and reproducibility. Here, we evaluated and compared the analytical performances of Perkin Elmer JANUS® and Tecan Fluent® ALH systems in parallel, based on their performance in two toxicology assays designed to identify and quantify various opiates, semisynthetic opiates, and their metabolites. The comparability of the instrument platforms was evaluated by comparing assay analytical measuring range, total analytical imprecisions, and patient samples measurement when the ALH platforms are incorporated as part of the clinical assay's workflow. We have shown that both ALH platforms meet quality and performance criteria suitable for clinical toxicology assays. Nevertheless, the two platforms exhibit biases when measuring unknown patient samples. Such variations in their analytical performances may cause discrepancies when comparing results obtained from two different ALH platforms. In conclusion, it is important to consider how variations in ALH platform performances can affect patient results interpretation when implementing them in clinical laboratories.
Plasmonic chip enhanced fluorescence biosensor in the back illumination system
Authors: Tawa Keiko , Nakayama Takuya , Kintaka Kenji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe plasmonic chip, which has wavelength‐size grating pattern coated with a thin silver or gold film, is applied to a sensitive biosensor because it can provide the enhanced fluorescence excited by the surface plasmon field. We have already reported on the sensitive immunodetection with the plasmonic sensor chip under the illumination system from top panel of a plasmonic chip. In this study, the structure of a biosensor chip was optimized for the illumination system from rear panel and the detection sensitivity of the system under the back illumination was compared with that for the other conditions, including the top illumination system.
Shedding light on environmentally transmitted parasites: lighter conditions within lakes restrict epidemic size
Authors: Shaw Clara L. , Hall Spencer R. , Overholt Erin P. , Cáceres Carla E. , Williamson Craig E. , Duffy Meghan A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractParasite fitness depends on a successful journey from one host to another. For parasites that are transmitted environmentally, abiotic conditions might modulate the success of this journey. Here we evaluate how light, a key abiotic factor, influences spatiotemporal patterns of zooplankton disease where light varies seasonally, across lakes, and with depth in a lake. In an in situ experiment using those three sources of variation, we tested sensitivity of spores of two parasites to ambient light. Infectivity of both parasites was lower when exposed to ambient light in comparison to parasites exposed to otherwise similar conditions in the dark. The more sensitive parasite (the fungus, Metschnikowia) was damaged even under lower ambient light during late fall (November). With this differential sensitivity established, we evaluated links between light environment and natural outbreaks in lakes. Consistent with the incubations, epidemics of the less sensitive parasite (the bacterium, Pasteuria) started earlier in the fall (under higher ambient light), and both parasites had smaller outbreaks in more transparent lakes. Overall, light environment may impact the timing and size of disease outbreaks. Outbreaks could thus become exacerbated by human activities that darken waters, including lake browning associated with climate change and eutrophication.
Mortality risk in dilated cardiomyopathy: the accuracy of heart failure prognostic models and dilated cardiomyopathy‐tailored prognostic model
Authors: Dziewięcka Ewa , Gliniak Matylda , Winiarczyk Mateusz , Karapetyan Arman , Wiśniowska‐Śmiałek Sylwia , Karabinowska Aleksandra , Dziewięcki Marcin , Podolec Piotr , Rubiś Paweł 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThe aims of this paper were to investigate the analytical performance of the nine prognostic scales commonly used in heart failure (HF), in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and to develop a unique prognostic model tailored to DCM patients.Methods and resultsThe hospital and outpatient records of 406 DCM patients were retrospectively analysed. The information on patient status was gathered after 48.2 ± 32.0 months. Tests were carried out to ascertain the prognostic accuracy in DCM using some of the most frequently applied HF prognostic scales (Barcelona Bio‐Heart Failure, Candesartan in Heart Failure‐Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity, Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico‐Heart Failure, Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization and Survival Study in Heart Failure, Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure, MUerte Subita en Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure, Seattle Heart Failure Model) and one dedicated to DCM, that of Miura et al. At follow‐up, 70 DCM patients (17.2%) died. Most analysed scores substantially overestimated the mortality risk, especially in survivors. The prognostic accuracy of the scales were suboptimal, varying between 60% and 80%, with the best performance from Barcelona Bio‐Heart Failure and Seattle Heart Failure Model for 1–5 year mortality [areas under the receiver operating curve 0.792–0.890 (95% confidence interval 0.725–0.918) and 0.764–0.808 (95% confidence interval 0.682–0.934), respectively].Based on our accumulated data, a self‐developed DCM prognostic model was constructed. The model consists of age, gender, body mass index, symptoms duration, New York Heart Association class, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke, abnormal liver function, dyslipidaemia, left bundle branch block, left ventricle end‐diastolic diameter, ejection fraction, N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, haemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and pharmacological and resynchronisation therapy. This newly created prognostic model outperformed the analysed HF scales.ConclusionsAn analysis of various HF prognostic models found them to be suboptimal for DCM patients. A self‐developed DCM prognostic model showed improved performance over the nine other models studied. However, further validation of the prognostic model in different DCM populations is required.
Talus slope geomorphology investigated at multiple time scales from high‐resolution topographic surveys and historical aerial photographs (Sanetsch Pass, Switzerland)
Authors: Hendrickx Hanne , De Sloover Lars , Stal Cornelis , Delaloye Reynald , Nyssen Jan , Frankl Amaury 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTalus slopes are common places for debris storage in high‐mountain environments and form an important step in the alpine sediment cascade. To understand slope instabilities and sediment transfers, detailed investigations of talus slope geomorphology are needed. Therefore, this study presents a detailed analysis of a talus slope on Col du Sanetsch (Swiss Alps), which is investigated at multiple time scales using high‐resolution topographic (HRT) surveys and historical aerial photographs. HRT surveys were collected during three consecutive summers (2017–2019), using uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) measurements. To date, very few studies exist that use HRT methods on talus slopes, especially to the extent of our study area (2 km2). Data acquisition from ground control and in situ field observations is challenging on a talus slope due to the steep terrain (30–37°) and high surface roughness. This results in a poor spatial distribution of ground control points (GCPs), causing unwanted deformation of up to 2 m in the gathered UAV‐derived HRT data. The co‐alignment of UAV imagery from different survey dates improved this deformation significantly, as validated by the TLS data. Sediment transfer is dominated by small‐scale but widespread snow push processes. Pre‐existing debris flow channels are prone to erosion and redeposition of material within the channel. A debris flow event of high magnitude occurred in the summer of 2019, as a result of several convective thunderstorms. While low‐magnitude (<5,000 m3) debris flow events are frequent throughout the historical record with a return period of 10–20 years, this 2019 event exceeded all historical debris flow events since 1946 in both extent and volume. Future climate predictions show an increase of such intense precipitation events in the region, potentially altering the frequency of debris flows in the study area and changing the dominant geomorphic process which are active on such talus slopes. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative NOMA system with incremental relaying and energy harvesting: Performance analysis and optimization
Authors: Reshma K. , Babu A. V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the outage performance of incremental relaying based energy harvesting non‐orthogonal multiple access (IR‐EH‐NOMA) system. Firstly, we describe the IR‐EH‐NOMA protocol considering downlink user assisted relaying and power splitting (PS) based EH strategy. We derive analytical expressions for the outage probabilities experienced by the downlink users and the system outage probability of IR‐EH‐NOMA network, in the presence of imperfect successive interference cancellation (I‐SIC). For comparison, we derive the corresponding outage expressions for the conventional cooperative relaying based NOMA network with EH (CR‐EH‐NOMA network) as well. We provide extensive numerical and Monte‐Carlo simulation results to establish the supremacy of IR‐EH‐NOMA system over CR‐EH‐NOMA system in terms of the outage performance. We separately derive analytical expressions for (i) the optimal power allocation (OPA) factor at the source and (ii) the optimal power splitting (OPS) factor at the relay that minimizes the asymptotic system outage probability of the considered networks. With the help of numerical and simulation investigations, we establish that the system outage of the considered networks improve significantly when OPA and OPS factors are selected according to the criterion described in the article. The analytical results are validated by extensive simulation studies.
Ensemble machine learning approaches for webshell detection in Internet of things environments
Authors: Yong Binbin , Wei Wei , Li Kuan‐Ching , Shen Jun , Zhou Qingguo , Wozniak Marcin , Połap Dawid , Damaševičius Robertas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Internet of things (IoT), made up of a massive number of sensor devices interconnected, can be used for data exchange, intelligent identification, and management of interconnected “things.” IoT devices are proliferating and playing a crucial role in improving the living quality and living standard of the people. However, the real IoT is more vulnerable to attack by countless cyberattacks from the Internet, which may cause privacy data leakage, data tampering and also cause significant harm to society and individuals. Network security is essential in the IoT system, and Web injection is one of the most severe security problems, especially the webshell. To develop a safe IoT system, in this article, we apply essential machine learning models to detect webshell to build secure solutions for IoT network. Future, ensemble methods including random forest (RF), extremely randomized trees (ET), and Voting are used to improve the performances of these machine learning models. We also discuss webshell detection in lightweight and heavyweight computing scenarios for different IoT environments. Extensive experiments have been conducted on these models to verify the validity of webshell intrusion. Simulation results show that RF and ET are suitable for lightweight IoT scenarios, and Voting method is effective for heavyweight IoT scenarios.
Combining partial transmit sequences and selective mapping to reduce computational complexity of selective mapping techniques
Authors: Liang Hsin‐Ying , Chu Hung‐Chi , Cheng Yu‐Huei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBoth selective mapping (SLM) and partial transmit sequences (PTSs) are multiple signal representation (MSR) techniques used to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Given the same number of candidate signals, SLM is superior to PTS in improving PAPR performance. However, SLM is associated with greater computational complexity, as more inverse discrete Fourier transforms (IDFTs) are required for SLM in comparison with PTS. To address this issue, this study proposes an improved SLM scheme, which divides available subcarriers into two parts, with one part used in PTS and the other in SLM. The proposed method determines whether PTS or SLM is to be used by input signals by setting an adaptive threshold, which can reduce the number of IDFTs accumulated over the implementation of SLM following a large number of OFDM signal transmissions. Statistical analysis of the simulation results show that after a large number of OFDM signals are transmitted, the proposed method not only reduces the number of IDFTs accumulated, but also allows each transmit signal to have PAPR‐reduction performance equivalent to that of conventional SLM schemes.