bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locus Coeruleus and neurovascular unit: From its role in physiology to its potential role in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis
Authors: Giorgi Filippo Sean , Galgani Alessandro , Puglisi‐Allegra Stefano , Limanaqi Fiona , Busceti Carla Letizia , Fornai Francesco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLocus coeruleus (LC) is the main noradrenergic (NA) nucleus of the central nervous system. LC degenerates early during Alzheimer's disease (AD) and NA loss might concur to AD pathogenesis. Aside from neurons, LC terminals provide dense innervation of brain intraparenchymal arterioles/capillaries, and NA modulates astrocyte functions. The term neurovascular unit (NVU) defines the strict anatomical/functional interaction occurring between neurons, glial cells, and brain vessels. NVU plays a fundamental role in coupling the energy demand of activated brain regions with regional cerebral blood flow, it includes the blood–brain barrier (BBB), plays an active role in neuroinflammation, and participates also to the glymphatic system. NVU alteration is involved in AD pathophysiology through several mechanisms, mainly related to a relative oligoemia in activated brain regions and impairment of structural and functional BBB integrity, which contributes also to the intracerebral accumulation of insoluble amyloid. We review the existing data on the morphological features of LC‐NA innervation of the NVU, as well as its contribution to neurovascular coupling and BBB proper functioning. After introducing the main experimental data linking LC with AD, which have repeatedly shown a key role of neuroinflammation and increased amyloid plaque formation, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which the loss of NVU modulation by LC might contribute to AD pathogenesis. Surprisingly, thus far not so many studies have tested directly these mechanisms in models of AD in which LC has been lesioned experimentally. Clarifying the interaction of LC with NVU in AD pathogenesis may disclose potential therapeutic targets for AD.
Measurement of femoral axial offset
Authors: Matsubayashi Shohei , Isobe Yuusaku , Chiba Ko , Tsujimoto Ritsu , Osaki Makoto , Imamura Takeshi , Tsurumoto Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose to examine the accuracy and reproducibility of the femoral axial offset measured from the retrocondylar plane by computed tomography (CT). Bone specimens of the femur of 15 males and 15 females were analyzed. CT imaging was performed and data of the coordinates were collected (center of femoral head, center of an ellipse around greater trochanter, center of an ellipse around the base of femoral neck, posterior edge of great trochanter, and both posterior condyles). The angle between the line connecting center of the femoral head and center of an ellipse around greater trochanter and the line connecting both posterior condyles was set as anteversion 1. The angle between the line connecting the center of femoral head and center of an ellipse around base of the femoral neck and the line connecting both posterior condyles was set as anteversion 2. The femoral axial offset was measured from the retrocondylar plane. Measurements were performed three times on the same subject, and intrarater reliability (ICC) was determined. In addition, interrater reliability (ICC) was determined by comparing data from three raters. The mean value for anteversion 1 was 20.1° for males and 22.7° for females. The values for anteversion 2 were 16.0° and 19.9° for males and females, respectively. Offset was 34.0 and 33.4 mm in males and females, respectively. Intrarater ICC and interrater ICC exceeded 0.81 for both methods, suggesting that the method of measurement was reliable. Accuracy and reproducibility of the measurement of femoral axial offset from the retrocondylar plane were high.
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic investigation on surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical catalysis on surface coupling reaction of pyridine at Au/TiO2 junction electrodes
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Chenjie , Lu Yanhua , Wu Qian , Yuan Yaxian , Xu Minmin , Yao Jianlin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSurface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proved to induce catalysis and generate surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. However, it remained a significant challenge in developing the efficient approach to in situ monitor the surface reaction and extending the SPR catalysis as a general approach in surface organic synthesis, especially for the C–C coupling. Herein, SPR from the Au nanoparticles played the bifunctional roles to induce the surface catalysis reaction and enhance the surface Raman signal. The SPR and electrochemical potential became two necessary external fields for the surface coupling reaction to produce 2,2′‐bipyridine, which was explored by SERS. The adsorbed pyridine molecules underwent a dimerization to produce cis‐configuration 2,2′‐bipyridine at the −0.7 V by appropriate laser irradiation. It demonstrated that the surface dimerization efficiency was critically dependent on the laser, potential, the solution properties, and so on. It was improved significantly at the relative negative potential and by 638 nm laser. The solvent with oxygen facilitated the surface dimerization reaction. Pd nanoparticles played the assistant role to capture the hydrogen released from the pyridine to accelerate the breaking of C–H bond and C–C coupling reaction. The surface reaction mechanisms involved the electrons transfer from Au to TiO2 and injected electron delivery to α‐H of pyridine for activation and the formation of carbon free radicals and coupling together to produce 2,2′‐bipyridine. This strategy is expected to further provide an alternative approach to the C–C coupling reaction and to extend the SPR and electrochemical catalysis to a practical application in surface modification as well as organic synthesis, and SERS is anticipated to be a promising in situ technique for the surface chemical reaction.
Surgical outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma detected after hepatitis C virus eradiation by direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: Tanaka Shogo , Shinkawa Hiroji , Tamori Akihiro , Takemura Shigekazu , Takahashi Shinji , Amano Ryosuke , Kimura Kenjiro , Ohira Go , Kawada Norifumi , Kubo Shoji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the postoperative recurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver resection in patients with and without the achievement of sustained virologic response (SVR) through the administration of direct‐acting antivirals (DAA).MethodsAmong 28 patients with HCC detected after DAA‐SVR (DAA group) and 197 patients with HCC who did not receive treatment for HCV infection or who did not achieve an SVR (control group) between January 2000 and July 2019, we performed propensity score matching (PSM) to avoid confounding differences between the two groups.ResultsAfter PSM, 28 patients in each group were selected for analysis. The DAA‐SVR patients showed improved liver function at operation and at recurrence in comparison to the control group. The disease‐free survival rate at 3 years after surgery was 69% in the DAA group and 35% in the control group, respectively (P = .021). In the DAA group, all three patients with recurrence met the Milan criteria and could be managed by curative treatments and none died of liver failure during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsSVR status suppresses postoperative recurrence of HCV‐related HCC detected after DAA‐SVR. Improved liver function may contribute to the successful treatment and prevention of liver failure.
Effect of Acoustic Cavitation on Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells
Authors: Moghaddam Zeinab Hormozi , Mokhtari‐Dizaji Manijhe , Movahedin Mansoureh 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThe mechanical index has long been one of the main criteria used to assess the safety limits for therapeutic medical applications. However, the safety of the mechanical index parameter is considered to be unknown in male fertility, which has a very significant role in vitro conditions. In this study, the effect of cavitation interactions due to mechanical index regions was evaluated on spermatogonial stem cells.MethodsThe acoustic pressure and mechanical index equations at the low intensities and the intended frequency were modeled and solved. The mechanical index average of 40 kHz frequency was selected as subthreshold, 0.70, and above the cavitation threshold. Neonatal spermatogonial stem cells were cultured. Spermatogonial stem cells are stimulated by low‐level ultrasound for 5 days and colonization and viability evaluated on the seventh day.ResultsBased on modeling, the mechanical index average was chosen as 0.40, 0.51, 0.75, and 0.89. The mechanical index of 0.40 and 0.89 resulted in a number of colonies of 93 ± 4 and 32 ± 4, respectively. An increase in colony diameter could be observed for a 0.40 mechanical index during all days of the culture that in the culture on the seventh day had the largest average colony diameter of 174.05 ± 1.22 μm in comparison with other groups (p < 0.05). The cell viability was not significantly different among the groups.ConclusionThe results suggest that a low‐intensity ultrasound of 40 kHz with a 0.40 mechanical index can be effective in increasing the proliferation and colonization of spermatogonia in stem cells during culture.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Performance of Strain Elastography and Shear Wave Elastography for the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Park Eun Joo , Hahn Seok , Yi Jisook , Shin Kyong Jin , Lee Yedaun , Lee Ho‐Joon 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo compare the diagnostic performance between strain elastography and shear wave elastography (SWE) for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).MethodsBetween July 2018 and June 2019, 66 consecutive patients with 95 imaged wrists underwent wrist ultrasound, including grayscale ultrasound, strain elastography, and SWE, because of the suspicion of CTS. During wrist ultrasound, the cross‐sectional area (CSA), strain ratio, elasticity, and shear wave velocity of each median nerve were measured at the proximal carpal bone level (scaphoid to pisiform). The variables were compared between the normal and CTS groups by using the independent t test, and subgroup analyses were performed using one‐way analysis of variance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of each variable.ResultsCSA, elasticity, and shear wave velocity showed significant intergroup differences (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively). However, the strain ratio showed no statistically significant intergroup difference (P = 0.639). In the subgroup analyses, elasticity showed significantly higher values in the severe group than in the mild and moderate groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Other parameters showed no significant differences among the different subgroups. The areas under the ROC curve were 0.823 for CSA, 0.772 for elasticity, and 0.779 for shear wave velocity. The differences in the areas under the ROC curve among CSA, elasticity, and shear wave velocity were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsSWE has a good diagnostic value in CTS. In particular, elasticity can discriminate the severe group from the other groups.
Comparison of Speech Performance in Bimodal versus Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Sturm Joshua J. , Kuhlmey Megan , Alexiades George , Hoffman Ronald , Kim Ana H. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo assess whether listening with two cochlear implants (bilateral) offers significant benefits in terms of speech perception over listening with one cochlear implant and one hearing aid (bimodal).MethodsRetrospective review of bilateral cochlear implant recipients (24 pediatric and 26 adult). Bimodal listening was compared to bilateral listening in terms of speech perception performance at 1‐year post second implant under three listening conditions: 50 dBHL, 35 dBHL, and 50 dBHL+5 SNR. Changes in speech performance from bimodal (before second implant) to bilateral (after second implant) listening were determined within subjects and compared to a separate control group of bimodal users matched for age of first implantation who never received a second implant (10 pediatric and 20 adult).ResultsIn the pediatric group, compared to bimodal listening prior to a second implant, speech perception scores with bilateral implants increased significantly when measured at 50 dBHL, 35 dBHL, and 50 dBHL+5 SNR. By contrast, pediatric bimodal controls who never received a second implant failed to demonstrate similar improvement over 1 year's time. In the adult group, compared to bimodal listening prior to a second implant, speech perception scores with bilateral implants increased when measured at 50 dBHL, but were not significantly different at 35 dBHL and 50 dBHL + 5 SNR. Adult bimodal controls who never received a second implant failed to demonstrate significant improvement in all conditions over 1 year's time.ConclusionBilateral listening with two cochlear implants improved speech perception performance relative to bimodal listening in the pediatric population. Improvement in the adult population was not as significant.Level of Evidence4, Retrospective Chart Review. Laryngoscope, 131:E1322–E1327, 2021
Quantification of Fatty Acids and their Regioisomeric Distribution in Triacylglycerols from Porcine and Bovine Sources Using 13C NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kildahl‐Andersen Geir , Gjerlaug‐Enger Eli , Rise Frode , Haug Anna , Egelandsdal Bjørg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe uptake of specific fatty acids in humans is dependent on their position on the glycerol backbone. There is a great interest in methods that can access this information fast and accurately. By way of high‐resolution NMR, we have analyzed TAG extracted from pig and beef tissues and obtained quantitative data for the composition and regioisomeric distribution of all major unsaturated fatty acids usually found in these source materials, using a combination of manual integration and deconvolution of 13C NMR spectra. In addition, we have developed a method for determining composition and regioisomeric distribution of the two main saturated fatty acids found in pork (16:0, 18:0). The results are discussed in relation to species‐specific genetic characteristics of fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis. The developed method could support decisions related to breeding for desired fatty acid profiles, and stimulate further methodology developments using high field NMR.
Hypolimnetic oxygen depletion rates in deep lakes: Effects of trophic state and organic matter accumulation
Authors: Steinsberger Thomas , Schwefel Robert , Wüest Alfred , Müller Beat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the consumption of oxygen (O2) in 11 European lakes ranging from 48 m to 372 m deep. In lakes less than ~ 100 m deep, the main pathways for O2 consumption were organic matter (OM) mineralization at the sediment surface and oxidation of reduced compounds diffusing up from the sediment. In deeper lakes, mineralization of OM transported through the water column to the sediment represented a greater proportion of O2 consumption. This process predominated in the most productive lakes but declined with decreasing total phosphorous (TP) concentrations and hence primary production, when TP concentrations fell below a threshold value of ~ 10 mg P m−3. Oxygen uptake by the sediment and the flux of reduced compounds from the sediment in these deep lakes were 7.9–10.6 and 0.6–3.6 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively. These parameters did not depend on the lake's trophic state but did depend on sedimentation rates for the primarily allochthonous or already degraded OM. These results indicate that in lakes deeper than ~ 100 m, mineralization of autochthonous OM is mostly complete by the time of sedimentary burial. This explains why hypolimnetic O2 concentrations improve more rapidly following TP load reduction in deeper lakes relative to shallower lakes, where larger sediment‐based O2 consumption by settled OM and release of reduced substances may inhibit the restoration of hypolimnetic O2 concentrations.
Three‐dimensional Random Dielectric Colloid Metamaterial with Giant Isotropic Optical Activity
Authors: Asadchy Viktar S. , Guo Cheng , Faniayeu Ihar A. , Fan Shanhui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMotivated by the theoretical observation that isotropic chirality can exist even in completely random systems, a dielectric metamaterial consisting of a random colloid of meta‐atoms is designed, which exhibits unprecedentedly high isotropic optical activity. Each meta‐atom is composed of a helically arranged cluster of silicon nanospheres. Such clusters can be fabricated by large‐scale DNA self‐assembly techniques. It is demonstrated that the use of a high concentration of the meta‐atoms in the colloid provides significant suppressions of incoherent scattering losses. As a result, the proposed system shows three orders of magnitude improvement of isotropic optical activity as compared with the previous metamaterial designs. This work highlights the significant potential of completely random systems, which are commonly produced in colloidal sciences, for applications as metamaterials toward novel photonic effects and devices.
Electrochemical and passive behaviour of Cu–Sn bronze in simulated archaeological soil media
Authors: Liang Zhipeng , Jiang Kaixi , Zhang Tingan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe influence of formation potential on the electrochemical behaviour and passive film properties of Cu‐28.6Sn bronze in simulated archaeological soil solutions was evaluated using combined potentiodynamic electrochemical measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the Mott–Schottky (MS) approach, with ex situ surface analytical techniques such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Passive films were formed in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and a mixture of NaCl and sodium sulphate and their stability increased as the applied potential increased. The MS measurements indicated that a very thin p‐ and n‐type porous passive film was formed on the bronze in the NaCl and sodium sulphate solution. The calculated donor density decreased exponentially with increasing passive film formation potentials in the NaCl solution and in the NaCl and sodium sulphate mixture. Based on the evaluations of the surface compositional analysis, the primary constituents of the films are Cu and Sn; in addition, dehydration of films was noted.
Data Envelopment Analysis and Decision Maker Models: An Innovative Approach for Optimization of Reaction Variables of Graft Copolymerization of Poly(butyl acrylate) to Tamarind Seed Xyloglucan
Authors: Yadav Ranjana , Malhotra AnnuVij , Mishra Anuradha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article presents a novel methodology using a combination of non‐parametric frontier analysis models, data envelopment analysis (DEA), and decision maker (DM) model to optimize real‐time reaction variables, that is, concentration of butyl acrylate, time duration of the reaction, and temperature for precision synthesis of poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) and xyloglucan (tamarind seed polysaccharide) graft copolymers.The copolymer samples (units) obtained by a different set of reaction variables and conditions are ranked using DEA to identify the efficient units. An appropriate minimum weight restriction is imposed by the DM on the chosen inputs and output by linear programming models that are designed in such a way that each DEA efficient unit can get “maximin” weight. The model predictions for reaction parameters and experimental data obtained are found to be very close to each other.
Is there a maximal effect of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lei Yiting , Xie Jinwei , Huang Qiang , Pei Fuxing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe optimal dosing regimen of tranexamic acid (TXA) has not been determined in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, patients were randomized to receive a high initial‐dose (60 mg/kg) TXA before incision, followed by five doses 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours later (A), or three doses 3, 12, and 24 hours later (B), or a single dose 3 hours later (C). The primary outcome was perioperative blood loss. Other outcomes such as, hemoglobin level, transfusion, the levels of fibrin (ogen) degradation products (FDP), D‐dimer, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), coagulation parameters, and adverse events were also compared. The results showed that individuals in Groups A and B had reduced total and hidden blood loss (HBL), lower FDP, D‐dimer, CRP, and IL‐6 levels than in Group C. Such differences were also detected in HBL between Groups A and B. No differences were observed in other outcomes between Groups A and B. No differences were observed in coagulation parameters and adverse events among the three groups. In conclusion, a high initial‐dose (60 mg/kg) TXA before TKA followed by three doses can be sufficient to achieve maximal effects on total blood loss, fibrinolysis, and inflammation.
Increased Blood Pressure Dipping in Restless Legs Syndrome With Rotigotine: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Chenini Sofiene , Rassu Anna Laura , Barateau Lucie , Lopez Regis , Carlander Bertrand , Guiraud Lily , Jaussent Isabelle , Dauvilliers Yves 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the rotigotine effect on the nocturnal blood pressure (BP) dip by 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring and on endothelial function in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) compared with placebo.MethodsIn this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 76 adult patients with moderate to severe RLS and periodic legs movements in sleep index ≥10/hour were randomized to rotigotine at optimal dose of 3 mg per day or placebo for 6 weeks. A total of 6 patients had a major protocol deviation. Polysomnography, ambulatory BP monitoring, and endothelial function were assessed at baseline and end point. The primary outcome was the between‐group difference in the percentage of BP nondipper profiles at end point. The main secondary outcomes were the mean BP dip, periodic legs movements in sleep index, and endothelial function.ResultsOf the 70 patients (age, 59.4 ± 11.40; 43 women) randomized to rotigotine (n = 34) and placebo (n = 36), 66 (33 rotigotine, 33 placebo) completed the study. The percentage of BP nondippers at end point was higher in the placebo than in the rotigotine group (systolic BP, 72.22% vs 47.06%; diastolic BP, 47.22% vs 20.59%; P < 0.05). Mean BP dip at end point was higher in the rotigotine than in the placebo group (systolic BP, 11.24 ± 6.15 vs 6.12 ± 7.98; diastolic BP, 15.12 ± 7.09 vs 9.36 ± 10.23; P < 0.05). Endothelial function was comparable between the groups. No significant safety concerns were reported with similar incidences of adverse events between groups.ConclusionRotigotine increased the percentage of BP dipper profiles and the BP dip in patients with RLS. Future studies should assess whether this change is associated with a reduction in the long‐term cardiovascular risk in RLS. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society