bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De professionele standaard: wat is een open en eerlijke reactie na een medisch incident?
Authors: Laarman B.S. 
Published: October 2019

De professionele standaard: wat is een open en eerlijke reactie na een medisch incident?
In deze bijdrage wordt uiteengezet wat ‘openheid van zaken geven’ concreet inhoudt. Na een begrippenkader worden het doel en de achtergrond gegeven van de Wet kwaliteit, klachten en geschillen zorg (Wkkgz) als juridisch kader. Uit actuele inzichten uit wetenschap en (tucht)rechtspraak zijn vijf elementen van openheid af te leiden waaraan een open en eerlijke reactie moet voldoen, deze worden toegelicht.
Kroniek rechtspraak HvJ EU
Authors: de Gans M.T. , Stergiou H.M. 
Published: October 2019

Kroniek rechtspraak HvJ EU
In deze kroniek wordt een overzicht gegeven van de jurisprudentie van het HvJ EU op het terrein van het gezondheidsrecht in de periode van 1 januari 2015 tot 1 februari 2017. De behandelde arresten hebben betrekking op de aanbesteding, bloedproducten, genees- en hulpmiddelen, discriminatie op grond van handicap en beroepen.
Ontslag op staande voet. Disbalans tussen zorgvuldig onderzoek en onverwijldheid?
Authors: Bungener Alf , Mordaunt Lorraine 
Published: October 2019

Problematiek onderwijldheidseis versus zorgvuldigheid en bewijs
In beginsel kan een ontslag op staande voet worden verleend zonder bewijs en kan de volledige bewijslevering aan de orde komen in een procedure. De onverwijldheidseis vergt voortvarendheid en dat kan ten koste gaan van de zorgvuldigheid van het onderzoek en dus ook de bewijsvoering. Aan de hand van de voorgestelde alternatieven wordt een meer evenwichtige methodiek geïntroduceerd voor kwesties waarin feiten spelen die ontslag op staande voet kunnen rechtvaardigen.
Ontslagbescherming in Nederland: in dienst van baanzekerheid of werkzekerheid?
Authors: Zekić Nuna 
Published: October 2019

Ontslagbescherming in Nederland: in dienst van baanzekerheid of werkzekerheid?
Het ontslagrecht is sinds de Wwz ingrijpend veranderd. Een van de doelen van de Wwz was een omslag maken van baanzekerheid naar werkzekerheid. Het idee van een verschuiving van baan- naar werkzekerheid is niet nieuw. Elementen van werkzekerheid zijn met de Wwz geïntroduceerd in het ontslagrecht, maar in hoeverre heeft er nu een verschuiving plaatsgevonden van baanzekerheid naar werkzekerheid? Dit is de centrale vraag van deze bijdrage.
De generatieregeling; bezint eer ge begint?
Authors: Donner Broersma Cornelien 
Published: October 2019

De generatieregeling; bezint eer ge begint?
Niet alle werknemers zijn in staat om tot aan de gestegen AOW-leeftijd te blijven werken. Voor hen kan een zogenoemde generatieregeling uitkomst bieden; oudere werknemers werken minder uren terwijl hun pensioenopbouw en (een deel van) het loon over de niet gewerkte uren door de werkgever worden gecontinueerd. Generatieregelingen zijn niet uniform; de praktijk laat een veelvoud aan regelingen zien. Wel geldt een uniform fiscaal en juridisch kader. In dit artikel ga ik in op de toepasselijke fiscale en juridische wet- en regelgeving van een generatieregeling en formuleer ik enkele aandachtspunten voor werkgevers die een generatieregeling willen opzetten.
Bilan et perspectives sur la situation des compositrices au Québec : vers un décloisonnement des identités*
Authors: Tremblay Vicky 
Published: October 2019

Dans le domaine de la création musicale au Québec, les compositrices sont toujours moins nombreuses que les compositeurs. Si le métier de compositeur a du mal à être reconnu dans la société québécoise, les compositrices sont doublement marginalisées. Nombre d’entre elles témoignent des défis auxquels elles doivent faire face lorsqu’il est question de s’intégrer au milieu musical, et plusieurs musicologues ont tenté de mieux saisir — pour éventuellement résoudre — les problématiques particulières aux femmes dans le domaine de la composition.
Cet article présente une conjonction entre les recherches sur les compositrices québécoises et des ouvrages aux fondements de la musicologie féministe aux États-Unis. Il discute de certaines problématiques communes aux compositrices de musique occidentale de tradition classique, pour finalement observer la fluidité des pratiques de certaines compositrices québécoises, qui inscrivent leurs démarches de création en dehors des « binarismes ».
Au fil du temps, les femmes ont été marginalisées au sein des institutions dédiées à la musique de création. Ignorées par les critiques et rejetées par les programmes d’enseignement, elles ont longtemps été en réaction à cette marginalisation. Le rôle des institutions d’enseignement actuelles serait donc d’offrir un enseignement critique du canon musical tel qu’enseigné traditionnellement, pour mieux réintégrer ceux et celles qui en ont été rejetés.
Si une ouverture se crée depuis quelques années vers des pratiques plus fluides, un décloisonnement de l’identité de compositrice et de compositeur s’observe déjà chez certaines compositrices qui éloignent leurs pratiques des « binarismes », notamment avec Danielle Palardy Roger, Diane Labrosse et Joane Hétu — pionnières du courant actualiste —, mais aussi avec des compositrices telles que Nicole Lizée et Katia Makdissi-Warren.
Importance of starting time for defect analysis using positron annihilation lifetime measurements
Authors: Yamawaki Masato , Uesugi Naoya , Kobayashi Yoshinori 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Conventional positron annihilation lifetime measurements have focused on determining the lifetime and relative intensity of each lifetime component deduced by multi-component analysis or the “mean” lifetime deduced by single-component analysis. So far, little attention has been paid towards the starting time (T
0) on the spectrum’s time axis. When analysing lifetime spectra with multiple components using an exponential function with a single-component, there is a difference between the experimental data and the fitted spectrum. Compensating for this difference causes a shift in the T
0 value in the fitted spectrum. This study examines the shifts in T
0 (ΔT
0) in positron lifetime spectrum analyses of metal samples with defects. We conducted simulations of trapping models and experiments with shot-peened stainless steel, verifying that ΔT
0 changed depending on the defect concentration even when almost all positrons were trapped (full trap). Therefore, we propose ΔT
0 as a new parameter for evaluating positron annihilation lifetime measurements.
Spatio-temporal patterns of the oceanic conditions and nearshore marine community in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (New Jersey, USA)
Authors: Levesque Juan C. 
Published: October 2019

Oceanic environmental conditions influence, shape, and control the geographical range, spatial distribution, abundance, and size composition of marine fauna. Water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, depth, and sediment type influence select fish life-history characteristics and community structure. Marine communities are vulnerable to major changes in environmental conditions, but the response and severity depends on various biological or ecological factors, such as resilience to stress or adaptation. Researchers around the world have predicted and documented numerous alterations in fish communities caused by ongoing significant physicochemical shifts associated with natural and potentially unnatural sources, but published studies describing the historical conditions are lacking for most regions around the world, including the coastal waters off New Jersey. Given the need to understand these processes, a multifaceted investigation was undertaken to describe, evaluate, and compare the oceanic conditions and nearshore marine fauna community off New Jersey during 1988 through 2015. Findings showed the oceanic conditions varied over time and space. Mean surface water temperature increased significantly about 0.6 °C per decade, mean salinity decreased about 1.3 psu per decade, and dissolved oxygen increased 0.09 mg/l per decade. Over 20.4 million fish and invertebrates (1,338.3 mt) representing 214 (water temperature preference classified) species (not including unidentified species) were collected within 15 strata (areas: 12−26) off the coast of New Jersey from 1988 to 2015. Three marine fauna water temperature preference groups (coldwater-adapted, warmwater-adapted, and subtropic-adapted) were identified in the study area. The main coldwater-adapted species collected were longfin squid (Loligo pealei) (n = 2, 225, 975), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) (n = 544, 032), and little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) (n = 316, 356), while Atlantic butterfish (Peprilus triacanthus) (n = 2, 873, 138), scup (Stenotomus chrysops) (n = 1, 318, 569), and northern searobin (Prionotus carolinus) (n = 503, 230) represented the warmwater-adapted group. Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) (n = 9, 227, 960), striped anchovy (Anchoa hepsetus) (n = 245, 214), and Atlantic moonfish (Vomer setapinnis) (n = 38, 691) denoted the subtropic-adapted group. Subtropic-adapted species were the most abundant and coldwater-adapted were the least abundant water temperature preference group. The estimated abundance of coldwater-adapted species declined, warmwater-adapted species slightly increased, and subtropic-adapted species decreased with time, which suggest the environmental conditions are influencing and thereby shifting the marine community.
Monitoring linear accelerators electron beam energy constancy with a 2D ionization chamber array and double‐wedge phantom
Authors: Gao Song , Chetvertkov Mikhail A. , Simon William E. , Sadeghi Amir , Balter Peter A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractValidate that a two‐dimensional (2D) ionization chamber array (ICA) combined with a double‐wedge plate (DWP) can track changes in electron beam energy well within 2.0 mms as recommended by TG‐142 for monthly quality assurance (QA). Electron beam profiles of 4–22 MeV were measured for a 25 × 25 cm2 cone using an ICA with a DWP placed on top of it along one diagonal axis. The relationship between the full width half maximum (FWHM) field size created by DWP energy degradation across the field and the depth of 50% dose in water (R50) is calibrated for a given ICA/DWP combination in beams of know energies (R50 values). Once this relationship is established, the ICA/DWP system will report the R50FWHM directly. We calibrated the ICA/DWP on a linear accelerator with energies of 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, and 22 MeV. The R50FWHM values of these beams and eight other beams with different R50 values were measured and compared with the R50 measured in water, that is, R50Water. Resolving changes of R50 up to 0.2 cm with ICA/DWP was tested by adding solid‐water to shift the energy and was verified with R50Water measurements. To check the long‐term reproducibility of ICA/DWP we measured R50FWHM on a monthly basis for a period of 3 yr. We proposed a universal calibration procedure considering the off‐axis corrections and compared calibrations and measurements on three types of linacs (Varian TrueBeam, Varian C‐series, and Elekta) with different nominal energies and R50 values. For all 38 beams on same type of linac with R50values over a range of 2–8.8 cm, the R50FWHM reported by the ICA/DWP system agreed with that measured in water within 0.01 ± 0.03 cm (mean ± 1σ) and maximum discrepancy of 0.07 cm. Long‐term reproducibility results show the ICA/DWP system to be within 0.04 cm of their baseline over 3 yr. With the universal calibration the maximum discrepancy between R50FWHM and R50Water for different types of linac reduced from 0.25 to 0.06 cm. Comparison of R50FWHM values and R50Water values and long‐term reproducibility of R50FWHM values indicates that the ICA/DWP can be used for monitoring of electron beam energy constancy well within TG‐142 recommended tolerance.
Nonradiative Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells: The Role of Interfaces
Authors: Wolff Christian M. , Caprioglio Pietro , Stolterfoht Martin , Neher Dieter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPerovskite solar cells combine high carrier mobilities with long carrier lifetimes and high radiative efficiencies. Despite this, full devices suffer from significant nonradiative recombination losses, limiting their VOC to values well below the Shockley–Queisser limit. Here, recent advances in understanding nonradiative recombination in perovskite solar cells from picoseconds to steady state are presented, with an emphasis on the interfaces between the perovskite absorber and the charge transport layers. Quantification of the quasi‐Fermi level splitting in perovskite films with and without attached transport layers allows to identify the origin of nonradiative recombination, and to explain the VOC of operational devices. These measurements prove that in state‐of‐the‐art solar cells, nonradiative recombination at the interfaces between the perovskite and the transport layers is more important than processes in the bulk or at grain boundaries. Optical pump‐probe techniques give complementary access to the interfacial recombination pathways and provide quantitative information on transfer rates and recombination velocities. Promising optimization strategies are also highlighted, in particular in view of the role of energy level alignment and the importance of surface passivation. Recent record perovskite solar cells with low nonradiative losses are presented where interfacial recombination is effectively overcome—paving the way to the thermodynamic efficiency limit.
The Fundamental Mechanism Behind Colossal Permittivity in Oxides
Authors: Taylor Ned T. , Davies Francis H. , Davies Shane G. , Price Conor J. , Hepplestone Steven P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractColossal permittivity materials exhibit extreme polarization in an applied electric field, providing applications in electronics and energy transmission. Understanding the atomic‐scale mechanism behind colossal permittivity remains a challenging task and is key to optimizing materials with this property. The fundamental mechanism of colossal permittivity is reported and, using CaCu3Ti4O12 as an example, it is attributed to the formation of an unusual metallic interface between the grain and grain boundary materials (CaCu3Ti4O12 and CuxO (x = 1, 2), respectively), not created by oxygen vacancies as is normally the case in oxide materials. This metallic layer around the grain forms confined shells of charge that pool on one side when under an applied field, which results in colossal permittivity. A route towards enhancing colossal permittivity is explained by means of manipulating the interface properties, as well as altering sample geometries. A methodology to artificially engineer colossal permittivity metamaterials is also shown.
Colloidal Single‐Layer Photocatalysts for Methanol‐Storable Solar H2 Fuel
Authors: Pang Yingping , Uddin Md Nasir , Chen Wei , Javaid Shaghraf , Barker Emily , Li Yunguo , Suvorova Alexandra , Saunders Martin , Yin Zongyou , Jia Guohua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMolecular surfactants are widely used to control low‐dimensional morphologies, including 2D nanomaterials in colloidal chemical synthesis, but it is still highly challenging to accurately control single‐layer growth for 2D materials. A scalable stacking‐hinderable strategy to not only enable exclusive single‐layer growth mode for transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) selectively sandwiched by surfactant molecules but also retain sandwiched single‐layer TMDs' photoredox activities is developed. The single‐layer growth mechanism is well explained by theoretical calculation. Three types of single‐layer TMDs, including MoS2, WS2, and ReS2, are successfully synthesized and demonstrated in solar H2 fuel production from hydrogen‐stored liquid carrier—methanol. Such H2 fuel production from single‐layer MoS2 nanosheets is COx‐free and reliably workable under room temperature and normal pressure with the generation rate reaching ≈617 µmole g−1 h−1 and excellent photoredox endurability. This strategy opens up the feasible avenue to develop methanol‐storable solar H2 fuel with facile chemical rebonding actualized by 2D single‐layer photocatalysts.
MoS2/TiO2 Hybrid Nanostructure‐Based Field‐Effect Transistor for Highly Sensitive, Selective, and Rapid Detection of Gram‐Positive Bacteria
Authors: Moudgil Akshay , Singh Sanjay , Mishra Nishant , Mishra Prashant , Das Samaresh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractField‐effect transistor (FET) biosensors based on hybrid nanostructures present unique advantages of high sensitivity, small size, excellent dynamic range, and compatibility with integrated circuits. In this work, the fabrication of highly sensitive and selective hybrid MoS2/TiO2 nanostructure‐based FET is demonstrated for the detection of Gram‐positive bacteria. The fabricated FET biosensors are efficiently capable of discriminating between Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria with a limit of detection 50 cfu mL−1. The biosensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 49.47 ± 1.7% for Staphylococcus aureus among eight different bacteria at a concentration of 102 cfu mL−1. The real time detection of bacteria with a response time of 22.19 s is achieved at concentrations as low as 50–100 cfu mL−1, suggesting rapid and low concentration detection of selective bacteria. The FET biosensor is also able to quantify bacteria in the physiological conditions as well as discriminate between live and dead bacteria. The unique hybrid nanostructure based FET with desirable biosensing properties presents the potential to screen the pathogenic bacteria. Live/dead monitoring of bacteria may help in deciding the course and dosage of the antibiotic treatment.
Cell isolation via spiral microfluidics and the secondary anchor targeted cell release system
Authors: Ansari Ali , Schultheis Kinsey , Patel Reema , Al‐Qadi Kareem I. , Chen Si , Jensen Cassandra R. , Schad Samantha R. , Weddell Jared C. , Vanka Surya P. , Imoukhuede P. I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrecision medicine requires high throughput cell isolation and measurement that maintains physiology. Unfortunately, many techniques are slow or alter cell biomarkers cells. This necessitates new approaches, which we achieve by integrating affinity‐based cell isolation with spiral microfluidics. We characterize the device via computational simulations, predicting wall shear stress within an order of magnitude of arterial wall shear stress (~0.2 Pa). We identify that poly‐l‐lysine supplementation preserves cell geometry and improves cell release. We demonstrate preservation of angiogenic biomarker concentrations, measuring 1,000–2,000 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐1 per human umbilical vein endothelial cell, which is in line with the previously reported measurements. We attain 76.7 ± 9.0% release of captured cells by integrating thermophoresis and optimizing buffer residence time. Ultimately, we find that combining affinity‐based cell isolation (secondary anchor targeted cell release) with spiral microfluidics offers a fast, biomarker preserving approach needed to individualize medicine.
A primate with a Panda's thumb: The anatomy of the pseudothumb of Daubentonia madagascariensis
Authors: Hartstone‐Rose Adam , Dickinson Edwin , Boettcher Marissa L. , Herrel Anthony 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesAccessory digits have evolved independently within several mammalian lineages. Most notable among these is the pseudothumb of the giant panda, which has long been considered one of the most extraordinary examples of contingent evolution. To date, no primate has been documented to possess such an adaptation. Here, we investigate the presence of this structure within the aye‐aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), a species renowned for several other specialized morphological adaptations in the hand, including a morphologically unique third digit.Materials and MethodsWe combine physical dissection techniques with digital imaging processes across a sample of seven individuals (six adults and one immature individual) to describe and visualize the anatomy of the wrist and hand within the aye‐aye.ResultsA distinct pseudothumb, which consists of both a bony component (an expanded radial sesamoid) and a dense cartilaginous extension (the “prepollex”) was observed in all specimens. We demonstrate that this pseudodigit receives muscular attachments from three muscles, which collectively have the potential to enable abduction, adduction, and opposition. Finally, we demonstrate that the pseudothumb possesses its own distinct pad within the palm, complete with independent dermatoglyphs.DiscussionPseudothumbs have been suggested to improve palmar dexterity in taxa with overly ‐generalized first digits (e.g., pandas) and to widen the hand for digging (e.g., some fossorial moles), but the aye‐aye's pseudothumb represents what we believe is a heretofore unrecognized third functional role: its accessory digit compensates for overspecialization of its fingers for non‐gripping functions (in this case, the aye‐aye's unique “tap foraging” practices).
Federalism or devolution of power? Sri Lanka's perspectives
Authors: De Alwis Ranjanee 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe concepts of decentralization and devolution are not new phenomena to Sri Lanka. Since Independence (1948), the processes of decentralization and devolution have taken place at a varying pace to address changes in local socio‐economic and political conditions. Nevertheless, effective decentralization, delegation, and devolution of political and administrative authority and responsibility have not yet evolved in Sri Lanka due to lack of political will and bureaucratic support, the dominance of central institutions, inadequate fiscal and human resources devolution, and political clientelism. In turn, lobbying groups and political leaders in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka continuously agitate for more powers through a federal system of government. This paper examines the federal system of government internationally with a focus on its implementation in the South Asia region. This paper argues that in a developing country context, federalism has not produced autonomous state governments and effective governance as expected by various lobbying groups.
Distribution‐free simultaneous tests for location–scale and Lehmann alternative in two‐sample problem
Authors: Kössler Wolfgang , Mukherjee Amitava 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe paper deals with the classical two‐sample testing problem for the equality of two populations, one of the most fundamental problems in biomedical experiments and case–control studies. The most familiar alternatives are the difference in location parameters or the difference in scale parameters or in both the parameters of the population density. All the tests designed for classical location or scale or location–scale alternatives assume that there is no change in the shape of the distribution. Some authors also consider the Lehmann‐type alternative that addresses the change in shape. Two‐sample tests under Lehmann alternative assume that the location and scale parameters are invariant. In real life, when a shift in the distribution occurs, one or more of the location, scale, and shape parameters may change simultaneously. We refer to change of one or more of the three parameters as a versatile alternative. Noting the dearth of literature for the equality two populations against such versatile alternative, we introduce two distribution‐free tests based on the Euclidean and Mahalanobis distance. We obtain the asymptotic distributions of the two test statistics and study asymptotic power. We also discuss approximating p‐values of the proposed tests in real applications with small samples. We compare the power performance of the two tests with several popular existing distribution‐free tests against various fixed alternatives using Monte Carlo. We provide two illustrations based on biomedical experiments. Unlike existing tests which are suitable only in certain situations, proposed tests offer very good power in almost all types of shifts.