bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The practice of one health: lessons learned.
Authors: Stephen Craig 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This chapter describes the suggested components of an animal, human and environmental One Health practice, including a shared vision of the task at hand, having practical and timely solutions, paying attention to relationships, with transdisciplinary team activities, engaging academic and non-academic stakeholders, having animals as a defining feature, with an expanding scope of scientific basis, having a continuum of research and practice, being embedded in the local level, needing critical evaluation and needing to address the health of the environment.
A transmutation operator method for solving the inverse quantum scattering problem
*
Authors: Kravchenko Vladislav V , Shishkina Elina L , Torba Sergii M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The inverse quantum scattering problem for the perturbed Bessel equation is considered. A direct and practical method for solving the problem is proposed. It allows one to reduce the inverse problem to a system of linear algebraic equations, and the potential is recovered from the first component of the solution vector of the system. The approach is based on a special form Fourier–Jacobi series representation for the transmutation operator kernel and the Gelfand–Levitan equation which serves for obtaining the system of linear algebraic equations. The convergence and stability of the method are proved as well as the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the truncated system. Numerical realization of the method is discussed. Results of numerical tests are provided revealing a remarkable accuracy and stability of the method.
Nanoscale water spray assisted synthesis of CAs@B-TiO2 core–shell nanospheres with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Wan Hengcheng , Zhang Ling , Li Yi , Meng Qi , Zhang Youkui , Duan Tao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Increasing photoactive areas and oxygen vacancy to improve the separation and utilization of electrons and holes in a photocatalytic process are a guarantee for highly photocatalysis efficiency. In this work, we report a CAs@B-TiO2 core–shell nanospheres via a nanoscale water spray assisted method to deposit of black titanium dioxide (B-TiO2) on carbon aerogel sphere (CAs) though slowly hydrolyzing of butyl titanate (e.g. TBOT) in an ethanol-water system. On this basis, furthermore, a facile one-step N2H4 · H2O treatment was used to introduces oxygen vacancies on the surface of TiO2 coating layer forming black TiO2. Oxygen vacancies can extend the optical response range of the TiO2 shell from the ultraviolet to the visible region, and increase conductivity and charge transport on the interface of core–shell structure. This study reveals the importance of surface oxygen vacancies for reducing band gaps and developing highly active photocatalysts under visible light.
Ultrasound elastography using a regularized modified error in constitutive equations (MECE) approach: a comprehensive phantom study
Authors: Ghavami S , Babaniyi O , Adabi S , Rosen D , Alizad A , Aquino W , Fatemi M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Many of the current techniques in transient elastography, such as shear wave elastography (SWE) assume a dominant planar shear wave propagating in an infinite medium. This underlying assumption, however, can be easily violated in real scenarios in vivo, leading to image artifacts and reconstruction errors. Other approaches that are not bound to planar shear wave assumption, such solutions based on the partial differential equation, can potentially overcome the shortcomings of the conventional SWE. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the advantages of the modified error in constitutive equations (MECE) formulation with total variation regularization (MECE + TV) over SWE in reconstructing the elastic moduli of different tissue-mimicking phantoms. Experiments were conducted on phantoms with inclusions of well-defined shapes to study the reconstruction of specific features relevant to practical applications. We compared the performances of MECE + TV and SWE in terms of quantitative metrics to estimate reconstruction accuracy, inclusion shape recovery, edge preservation and edge sharpness, inclusion size representation, and shear elasticity and contrast accuracies. The results indicate that the MECE + TV approach outperforms SWE based on several of these metrics. It is concluded that, with further development, the proposed method may offer elastography reconstructions that are superior to SWE in clinical applications.
Review: Turbulence dynamics during the pedestal evolution between edge localized modes in magnetic fusion devices
Authors: Diallo A , Laggner F M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fusion performance has been shown to be related to the H-mode pedestal structure. The pedestal is associated with steep gradients that are the source of free energy for microinstabilities. A variety of instabilities have been shown to co-exist in the pedestal. This paper reviews the experimentally observed signatures of instabilities during the pedestal parameters’ evolutions, with a focus on turbulence observations, made in between edge localized modes (ELMs), in multiple tokamaks. ELMs are cyclic events associated with bursty relaxations of the pedestal. The multiple machine results point to very similar pedestal localized modes suggesting the existence of a unifying mechanism governing the modes’ onset and dynamics. Modeling efforts to identify the generation mechanism of these instabilities are introduced. Several remaining challenges include the study of the instability saturation mechanisms and impact on the pedestal structure formation. Potential future research avenues will require multiscale-non-linear-gyrokinetic analyses to study the non-linear interaction between these instabilities, and which pedestal conditions facilitate such non-linear interactions, as well as the relationship with the formation of the pedestal through transport.
Simple computation of ignition voltage of self-sustaining gas discharges
Authors: Almeida P G C , Almeida R M S , Ferreira N G C , Naidis G V , Benilov M S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A robust, fast, and accurate numerical method is proposed for finding the voltage of the ignition of DC self-sustaining gas discharges in a wide range of conditions. The method is based on physical grounds and builds up from the idea that the ignition of a self-sustaining gas discharge should be associated with a resonance that would occur in a non-self-sustained discharge in the same electrode configuration. Examples of the application of the method are shown for various configurations: parallel-plate discharge, coaxial and wire-to-plane corona discharges, and a discharge along a dielectric surface. The results conform to the conventional Townsend breakdown condition for the parallel-plate configuration and are in good agreement with existing experimental data for the other configurations. The method has the potential of providing a reference point for optimization of the hold-off capability of high-power switchgear operating in low-frequency fields.
Electric field measurements in plasmas: how focusing strongly distorts the E-FISH signal
Authors: Chng Tat Loon , Starikovskaia Svetlana M , Schanne-Klein Marie-Claire 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Electric field induced second harmonic generation (E-FISH) has recently demonstrated significant potential as a method for making absolute electric field measurements in non-equilibrium plasmas and gas discharges. Previous studies have relied on the plane-wave approximation in quantifying these measurements, while in reality, focused laser beams are almost always used. In this work, we perform a theoretical and experimental study using focused Gaussian beams, and examine the consequent effects on the E-FISH signal. We show that in addition to important parameters such as the external electric field strength, wave vector mismatch and Rayleigh range, the signal is strongly influenced by the full length and shape of this external field profile. We attribute this to the Gouy phase shift associated with focused beams, and note that analogous effects have been previously observed in second and third harmonic generation microscopy. This dependence of the E-FISH signal on the spatial profile of the external field is worth highlighting since it is often not easily determined a priori in a plasma, and neglecting its influence could lead to an incorrect electric field measurement. To minimize any inaccuracies associated with this issue, we propose several recommendations to consider when using the E-FISH diagnostic with focused beams.
Velocity distribution of metal ions in the target region of HiPIMS: the role of Coulomb collisions
Authors: Held J , Thiemann-Monjé S , von Keudell A , Schulz-von der Gathen V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
High power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharges have become an important tool for the deposition of thin, hard coatings. Such discharges are operated at a very low working gas pressure in the order of 1 Pa. Therefore, elastic collisions between ions and other heavy particles are often calculated to occur with low frequency, using the hard sphere approximation. However, inside the magnetic trap region of the discharge, a very dense plasma is created and Coulomb collisions become the dominant collision process for ions. In this article, we show that Coulomb collisions are a necessary part of a complete description of ion movement in the magnetic trap region of HiPIMS. To this end, the velocity distribution function (VDF) of chromium and titanium ions is measured using high-resolution optical emission spectroscopy. The VDF of those ions is then described using a simple simulation which employs a direct simulation Monte Carlo scheme. The simulation describes the self-relaxation of the VDF that is initially a Thompson distribution as being created during the sputtering process. Measurement positions inside the discharge are matched to the simulation results choosing an appropriate relaxation time. In this fashion, excellent agreement between simulation and measurement is obtained. We find, that the distribution quickly becomes mostly Maxwellian with a temperature of 9 eV for titanium ions and 4.5 eV in the case of chromium ions. Only the high energy tail of the VDF retains the shape of the initial Thompson distribution. The observed high temperature is explained with an energy redistribution from the highly energetic Thompson distribution into an partly-thermalized Maxwell-like distribution. Finally, the temperature resulting from this energy redistribution is calculated using a simple analytical model which shows good agreement with the measurements.
Kinetic theory of high-voltage low-pressure gas discharge with electron initiation on a cathode in a planar gap
Authors: Kozyrev Andrey , Kozhevnikov Vasily , Semeniuk Natalia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We report one-dimensional kinetic simulation of electron and ion transport and multiplication (based on the Boltzmann kinetic equations) in a self-consistent electric field after electron injection from the cathode. The 1D1V Boltzmann equations take into account the electron impact ionization, elastic electron scattering, and resonant ion recharging. The spatio-temporal evolution of the gas breakdown in a planar diode with a gap of 5 mm filled with nitrogen at pressure of 1 Pa, with applied voltage of 2.5 kV, was demonstrated in detail. In the vicinity of these parameters, an intermediate gap breakdown mode is realized when the discharge exists in the form of relaxation current oscillations. The simulation showed that, during plasma generation, the electric potential acquires non-monotonic spatial distribution in the gap. Under the non-monotonic potential distribution, anode-directed ion flow is formed inside the gap. An extended hump of potential may appear, forming ion fluxes with kinetic energy nominally exceeding the voltage drop (in the calculated spectrum the mean ion energy was at the level of 6–7 keV at an applied voltage of 2.5 kV).
Tilted double Dirac cone and anisotropic quantum-spin-Hall topological insulator in mechanical granular graphene
Authors: Zheng Li-Yang , Theocharis Georgios , Fleury Romain , Tournat Vincent , Gusev Vitalyi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dirac degeneracies are essential ingredients to control topological charge exchanges between bands and trigger the unique edge transport properties of topological materials. In addition, when Dirac cones are tilted, exotic phenomena can emerge such as anomalous Hall effect or unconventional Klein tunneling. However, the unique topological transport properties arising from the opening of tilted Dirac cone degeneracies have been left completely uncharted. Here, we demonstrate a new form of Dirac degeneracy that occurs in mechanical granular graphene (MGG): a tilted double Dirac cone, composed of two counter-tilted type-I Dirac cones. Different from the reported C
6 systems, we show that the tilted double Dirac cone is present in a C
2 granular graphene. Remarkably, a pair of anisotropic helical edge waves appears when the degeneracy is lifted. This leads to an anisotropic quantum spin-Hall topological insulator that possesses unique wave propagation properties, including anisotropic edge dispersion and direction-dependent edge-bulk mode conversion.
Comparing particle transport in JET and DIII-D plasmas: gyrokinetic and gyrofluid modelling
Authors: Fransson E. , Eriksson F. , Oberparleiter M. , Held M. , Mordijck S. , Nordman H. , Salmi A. , Strand P. , Tala T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Transport modelling, for two dimensionless collisionality scaling experiments at the Joint European Torus (JET) and DIII-D with three discharges each, is presented. Experimental data from JET (Tala et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion
59 126030) and DIII-D (Mordijck et al 2020 Nucl. Fusion
60 066019) show a dissimilar dependence in the density peaking from the source and turbulent transport. The discharges from the JET collisionality scan show that the source is dominant for the density peaking, which is contrary to DIII-D where the transport is the main cause for the peaking. In this article, the different dependency on the source is studied by investigating the zero flux density gradient (peaking factor) at radial position ρ

t
= 0.6 and by calculating the averaged perturbed diffusion and pinch between ρ

t
= 0.5 and ρ

t
= 0.8. Results show that the difference of the normalized temperature gradients have the largest and considerable impact on the peaking factor. The calculated diffusion and pinch showed good match with the experimental measured perturbed values. The calculated ratio of the particle balance pinch and diffusion explained the difference in peaking from turbulent transport, a high ratio for DIII-D yielding high peaking and a low ratio for JET yielding low peaking. However the particle balance diffusion, which suppresses the peaking from the source, was high for DIII-D and low for JET. Thusly, explaining the particle source much larger impact on the peaking at JET.
Split-Point and Attribute-Reduced Classifier Approach for Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbine Blade through Vibration Signals
Authors: Joshuva A , Arjun M , Adhithya B Sujith , Akash B , Wahaab S Abdul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study proposes a data processing and analysis of wind turbine blade faults using split-point and attribute-reduced classifier (SPAARC) through statistical-machine learning approach. In this study, the fault like erosion, hub-blade loose connection, pitch angle twist, bend and crack faults have been simulated and the vibration data has been taken using a piezoelectric accelerometer. With the recorded data, statistical features where extracted and with the extracted features were used to classify the fault condition on the wind turbine blade through SPAARC. The classification accuracy was found to be 85.67% and validated through 10-fold-cross-validation.
Rough Set Theory Based Blade Condition Classification on Wind Turbine through Statistical Features
Authors: Joshuva A , Kumar K Rakesh , Gangadhar G S Sriram , Dhanush S S , Arjun M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Wind energy has become a one of the alternative energy source due to fossil fuel crisis. These wind energies are being harvested from the wind through wind turbines. These wind turbines are subjected to various environmental factors and prone to severe vibration on blade. This vibration lead to the catastrophic calamities and cause severe capital loss and wind production loss. This study proposes a data processing and analysis of wind turbine blade faults using rough set theory based feature classification. The feature extraction (statistical features) and the feature selection (J48 decision tree algorithm) methods were used to identify the best features for fault classification. Using rough set theory, with five statistical features, 75.5% of classification accuracy have been obtained for the fault identification on wind turbine blade.
Design and Finite Element Analysis of Prosthetic Hand Controlled by Wireless Gestures for Differently-abled People
Authors: Shanmugasundar G , Dharanidharan M , Vishwa D , Jayaprakash A , Abimanyu P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on the design and finite element analysis of the prosthetic hand for differently-able people. The prosthetic hand consists of two sections: one is the transmitting section and another one is the receiving section. The transmitting section consists of a glove embedded with a series of flex sensors connected with a microcontroller and a wi-fi module. The flex sensors are fixed along with each finger which captures and converts the motion of the fingers into analog signals and is transmitted to the receiving section through the wi-fi module. The receiving section consists of the prosthetic hand in which each finger is actuated by the servo motors. The transmitted signals are received by the wi-fi module in the receiver section through the microcontroller and are converted into digital signals. The fingers of the prosthetic hand are actuated by the servo motors corresponding to the received digital signals. The methodology involved in this research is the designing, meshing, and analyzing of a prosthetic hand using the PTC Creo software and then assembling electronic components. The analysis of the prosthetic hand involves the analysis of equivalent stress and total deformation at various regions of the prosthetic hand by selecting steel as a material to fabricate.
Influence of Tool Pin Profile in Underwater Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium 6061 Alloy
Authors: Premkumar P , Ruskin Bruce A , YogeshKrishnan P.R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Light metals like Aluminium and Magnesium are usually joined by welding processes like Friction Stir Welding (FSW). Aluminium being light weighted is used in various aeronautical applications. During welding using FSW, the Heat affected zone (HAZ) obtained is very much high due to direct exposure of air. In order to minimise the heat affected zone and also to improve the Weld strength, an attempt has been made to weld Aluminium Al 6061 alloy using Underwater Friction stir welding (UFSW). By carrying out the FSW process underwater, the hardness of the welded structures is also increased due to rapid cooling. In this present study, the effect of different pin profiles like cylindrical, square and conical profiles on the welded specimen is studied. Consequently, the mechanical properties of these welded specimens are also compared and analysed.
Development of Hybrid Friction Material for Brake Pad Application
Authors: Mullaikodi S.M , Sethuvelappan P , Kamaraj M , Naveen E , Ramanan N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As per the report of world health organization and environmental protection agencies, the existing brake pad materials produce toxic gases. Toxicity leads to create a bad effect on human health. So, there is a need to reduce the percentage of toxic elements at source and develop novel material compositions. It is known that the natural fiber-reinforced material reduces the toxicity. In this direction, an attempt made to fabricate hybrid natural fiber-reinforced composite material. The hand layup method was used to fabricate the hybrid fiber-reinforced composites. The mechanical test namely tensile, flexural, impact, shear, and interlaminar were performed to characterize the composites. The results revealed that hybrid fiber-reinforced composite materials exhibit superior mechanical properties compared to non-hybrid composites. Scanning Electron Microscope was used to analyze the fracture surface of the tested samples.
Utilization of grey Taguchi method to optimize the mechanical properties of hemp and coconut shell powder hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen conditions
Authors: Velmurugan G , Babu K , Flavia L Immaculyne , Stephy C Stories , Hariharan M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Through this work an attempt was made to improve the mechanical properties of composite materials by using a process called Gray-Taguchi. Hand lay-up approach has been adopted for manufacturing. Here, Woven Hemp fiber diameter, Number of hemp layer, coconut shell powder content and cryogenic temperature ranges at different levels were incorporated as result parameter. ASTM specifications were set for the manufactured laminates to perform the mechanical tests. Hemp and coconut shell powder material are exposed to 5 percent NaOH treatment to create the matrix-fiber interface exchange. To optimize composite, the Taguchi method is combined with the Gray relational analysis. The quality targets are set for mechanical properties that include compressive strength, tensile strength, impact strength and flexural strength. This study involved nine experiments on the orthogonal array of the L9 (34) Taguchi method. A combination of the composite, Gray relational analysis was applied to obtain the optimal parameter. The results of optimum parameters were verified using Conformation test. The maximum prescribed parameters are 0.7 mm woven hemp diameter, two hemp layers, 10 percent CSP content weight, and -130°C cryogenic temperature range provides the maximum energy of impact, tensile strength and flexural strength.
Experimental investigation of the effect of Nano-silica on the mechanical properties of concrete
Authors: Thenmozhi S. , Gowri V. , Vignesh A. , Suganthan S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Construction Industry is one of the leader in deterioration of environment. The production of cement consumes large quantities of raw materials, energy, heat and releases greenhouse gases. This paper focus to minimize the use of cement in the production of concrete. Concrete cubes and cylinders were prepared with 0,2, 4 and 6% nano-silica and cured. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural Strength and Sulphate attack of concrete were obtained and compared with conventional concrete for 7 days, 14 days and 28days curing. The tests results shows 4% of nano-silica in concrete increases the Compressive and Split tensile strength of concrete.