bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bariatric Curveball: A Rare Case of Recurrent Lactobezoars after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Kravitz Shena A , Song Kaoru H , Cioffi Joseph H , Vega Colon Karla M , Lu Myro A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Bariatric surgery is a major risk factor for bezoar formation secondary to decreased gastric motility, gastric acidity, and pyloric function.1 This case is about a 49-year-old female veteran, 3 weeks status-post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, who presented with acute abdominal pain and oral intolerance. After being diagnosed with a bezoar and esophagogastroduodenoscopic removal, the patient had immediate relief of symptoms. Unfortunately, over the course of 4 months, this patient experienced three recurrent episodes of bezoar formation (with a possible fourth episode that could not be confirmed secondary to resolution of symptoms after administration of oral contrast load). Based on her dietary history and gross appearance of the bezoar, the patient was determined to have developed recurrent lactobezoars. Lactobezoars are composed of milk and mucous proteins and are commonly found in neonates with immature gastrointestinal tracts.7 This unusual complication demonstrates how current dietary recommendations encouraging dairy consumption to meet daily protein requirements may have increased this patient’s risk for lactobezoar formation. This case illustrates the importance of balancing the risks and benefits of macronutrient requirements after bariatric surgery with postsurgical bezoar complications.
Detection of a possible multiphase ultra-fast outflow in IRAS 13349+2438 with NuSTAR and XMM–Newton
Authors: Parker M L , Matzeu G A , Alston W N , Fabian A C , Lobban A , Miniutti G , Pinto C , Santos-Lleó M , Schartel N 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We present joint NuSTAR and XMM–Newton observations of the bright, variable quasar IRAS 13349+2438. This combined data set shows two clear iron absorption lines at 8 and 9 keV, which are most likely associated with two layers of mildly relativistic blueshifted absorption, with velocities of ∼0.14c and ∼0.27c. We also find strong evidence for a series of Ly α absorption lines at intermediate energies in a stacked XMM–Newton EPIC-pn spectrum, at the same blueshift as the lower velocity iron feature. This is consistent with a scenario where an outflowing wind is radially stratified, so faster, higher ionization material is observed closer to the black hole, and cooler, slower material is seen from streamlines at larger radii.
Impact of traumatic perinatal events on burnout rates among midwives
Authors: Amir Z , Reid A J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the prevalence of burnout among Irish midwives and how traumatic perinatal events in work contributes to this.

Aims
To establish the prevalence of burnout among midwives in Ireland and whether exposure to traumatic perinatal events in work contributes to this.

Methods
A cross-sectional study utilizing a designed questionnaire was carried out in a tertiary-referral maternity hospital involving all clinical midwives (n = 248). Demographic details and frequency of perinatal events deemed traumatic were recorded. The extent of distress was documented on two visual analogues read in combination to reflect the impact of the distressing events. Burnout severity was assessed using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory.

Results
The response rate was 55% (n = 137). Mean scores for personal, work-related and patient-related burnout were 56.0, 55.9 and 34.3, respectively. Over 90% of respondents experienced exposure to a traumatic event in work in the previous year, with 58% reporting a frequency of monthly or greater. No significant relationship was demonstrated between frequency of trauma and burnout; however, the extent of distress experienced was positively related to burnout in each domain (R2 = 0.18, 0.15 and 0.09, respectively, P &lt; 0.01). A modest negative linear relationship exists between personal and work-related burnout and increasing age (ρ = −0.25 and −0.27, P &lt; 0.01). A significant difference in work-related burnout score was evident between midwives with less experience and more experienced colleagues (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Burnout is common among midwives. Exposure to discrete traumatic perinatal events experienced by women under their care contributes to this.
An Analysis of Clostridium difficile Environmental Contamination During and After Treatment for C difficile Infection
Authors: Davies Kerrie , Mawer Damian , Walker A Sarah , Berry Claire , Planche Timothy , Stanley Phil , Goldenberg Simon , Sandoe Jonathan , Wilcox Mark H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Lower Clostridium difficile spore counts in feces from C difficile infection (CDI) patients treated with fidaxomicin versus vancomycin have been observed. We aimed to determine whether environmental contamination is lower in patients treated with fidaxomicin compared with those treated with vancomycin/metronidazole.

Methods
The CDI cases were recruited at 4 UK hospitals (Leeds, Bradford, and London [2 centers]). Environmental samples (5 room sites) were taken pretreatment and at 2–3, 4–5, 6–8, and 9–12 days of treatment, end of treatment (EOT), and post-EOT. Fecal samples were collected at diagnosis and as often as produced thereafter. Swabs/feces were cultured for C difficile; percentage of C difficile-positive samples and C difficile bioburden were compared between different treatment arms at each time point.

Results
Pre-EOT (n = 244), there was a significant reduction in environmental contamination (≥1 site positive) around fidaxomicin versus vancomycin/metronidazole recipients at days 4–5 (30% vs 50% recipients, P = .04) and at days 9–12 (22% vs 49%, P = .005). This trend was consistently seen at all other timepoints, but it was not statistically significant. No differences were seen between treatment groups post-EOT (n = 76). Fidaxomicin-associated fecal positivity rates and colony counts were consistently lower than those for vancomycin/metronidazole from days 4 to 5 of treatment (including post-EOT); however, the only significant difference was in positivity rate at days 9–12 (15% vs 55%, P = .03).

Conclusions
There were significant reductions in C difficile recovery from both feces and the environment around fidaxomicin versus vancomycin/metronidazole recipients. Therefore, fidaxomicin treatment may lower the C difficile transmission risk by reducing excretion and environmental contamination.
Minimally Invasive Microbiopsies as an Improved Sampling Method for the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Churiso Gemechu , van Henten Saskia , Cnops Lieselotte , Pollmann Julia , Melkamu Roma , Lemma Mulualem , Kiflie Amare , Fikre Helina , van Griensven Johan , Adriaensen Wim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Current sampling methods to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis are invasive and painful. An alternative and minimally invasive microbiopsy device was evaluated in a diverse range of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions in Ethiopia. Using polymerase chain reaction–based diagnosis, the microbiopsy outperformed the routine skin slit sample by detecting more patients while pain scores were significantly lower.
Men’s Economic Status and Marriage Timing in Rural and Semi-Urban Malawi
Authors: Pike Isabel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In recent decades, qualitative research from across sub-Saharan Africa has shown how young men are often unable to marry because they lack wealth and a stable livelihood. With survey data, researchers have begun to study how men’s economic circumstances are related to when they marry in the continent’s capitals and larger urban centers. However, our understanding of these dynamics outside of large cities remains limited. Drawing on longitudinal survey data, this paper examines how men’s economic standing, both at the individual and household level, relates to their marriage timing in rural and semi-urban communities in the Salima district of Malawi. The findings show that men who have higher earnings, work in agriculture, and come from a household that sold cash crops were more likely to marry. In contrast, students as well as men from households owning a large amount of land were substantially less likely to marry. Additionally, men living in the semi-urban communities were around half as likely to marry as their rural counterparts. This negative association is largely explained by the greater proportion of men who are students in towns and trading centers and also the relatively less agricultural nature of these communities. These findings show the value of considering both individual and family characteristics in studies of marriage timing and also suggest that as sub-Saharan Africa urbanizes, the age of marriage for men will likely rise.
Stamping Out the ‘Nation-Ruining Disease’: Anti-Tuberculosis Campaigns in US-Occupied Okinawa
Authors: Masubuchi Asako 
Published: August 2020

Summary
This article examines tuberculosis prevention campaigns in US-occupied Okinawa in the 1950s and 60s. The number of tuberculosis patients in Okinawa increased after World War II due to the influx of repatriates and construction workers. This article highlights both the social and cultural aspects of the Okinawan fight against tuberculosis by focusing on key figures in anti-tuberculosis projects: public health nurses and Kabira Chōshin (1909–98), the chief of the Ryukyu Anti-Tuberculosis Association.1 While the public health nurses promoted tuberculosis prevention by closely supporting tuberculosis patients and educating the population, Kabira tried to connect anti-tuberculosis campaigns with the restoration of Ryukyuan culture. By analysing their anti-tuberculosis efforts, this article argues that the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis under the US occupation constituted a site where people’s calls for a better life became intimately interconnected with US Cold War militarism, on one hand, and with ‘pro-reversion’ sentiment, on the other.
Inference of causal relationships between sleep-related traits and 1,527 phenotypes using genetic data
Authors: García-Marín Luis M , Campos Adrián I , Martin Nicholas G , Cuéllar-Partida Gabriel , Rentería Miguel E 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectiveSleep is essential for both physical and mental health, and there is a growing interest in understanding how different factors shape individual variation in sleep duration, quality and patterns, or confer risk for sleep disorders. The present study aimed to identify novel inferred causal relationships between sleep-related traits and other phenotypes, using a genetics-driven hypothesis-free approach not requiring longitudinal data.MethodsWe used summary-level statistics from genome-wide association studies and the latent causal variable (LCV) method to screen the phenome and infer causal relationships between seven sleep-related traits (insomnia, daytime dozing, easiness of getting up in the morning, snoring, sleep duration, napping, and morningness) and 1,527 other phenotypes.ResultsWe identify 84 inferred causal relationships. Among other findings, connective tissue disorders increase insomnia risk and reduce sleep duration; depression-related traits increase insomnia and daytime dozing; insomnia, napping, and snoring are affected by obesity and cardiometabolic traits and diseases; and working with asbestos, thinner, or glues may increase insomnia risk, possibly through an increased risk of respiratory disease or socio-economic related factors.ConclusionOverall, our results indicate that changes in sleep variables are predominantly the consequence, rather than the cause, of other underlying phenotypes and diseases. These insights could inform the design of future epidemiological and interventional studies in sleep medicine and research.
Appraising the Interpretation of the Word ‘Scientist’ under the Special Residence Requirements for Australian Citizenship
Authors: Owoeye Olasupo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article examines the interpretation of the word ‘scientist’ under Instrument IMMI 13/056 made pursuant to section 22B(1) of the Citizenship Act. The article considers the literal interpretation of the word scientist and the objective of the Instrument. The article provides a critique of the cases that have gone to the Australian Administrative Appeals Tribunal and argues that the interpretation favoured by the Tribunal is misconceived. The article contends that the Tribunal seems to be giving undue support to an arbitrary or haphazardly serendipitous exercise of ministerial power under the special residence framework in a manner that runs afoul of the tenour of section 22B(1) of the Citizenship Act.
Demographic and climatic factors associated with dengue prevalence in a hyperendemic zone in Mexico: an empirical approach
Authors: Espinoza-Gomez Francisco , Newton-Sanchez Oscar Alberto , Nava-Zavala Arnulfo Hernan , Zavala-Cerna Maria G , Rojas-Larios Fabian , Delgado-Enciso Ivan , Martinez-Rizo Abril B , Lozano-Kasten Felipe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Many models for predicting dengue epidemics use incidence and short-term changes in climate variables, however, studies in real-life scenarios for correlations of seroprevalence (SP) with long-term climate variables and with integration of socio-economic factors are scarce. Our objective was to analyse the combined correlation between socio-economic and climate variables with the SP of dengue in Mexico.

Methods
We performed a seroepidemiological ecological study on the Mexican Pacific coast. Dengue SP was estimated by the presence of immunoglobulin G antibodies in 1278 inhabitants. We implemented multiple correlations with socio-economic, climatic and topographic characteristics using logistic regression, generalized linear models and non-linear regressions.

Results
Dengue SP was 58%. The age-adjusted correlation was positive with the male sex, while a negative correlation was seen with socio-economic status (SES) and scholl level (SL). The annual temperature showed a positive correlation, while the altitude was negative. It should be noted that these correlations showed a marked ‘S’ shape in the non-linear model, suggesting three clearly defined scenarios for dengue risk.

Conclusion
Low SES and SL showed an unexpected paradoxical protective effect. Altitude above sea level and annual temperature are the main determinants for dengue in the long term. The identification of three clearly delineated scenarios for transmission could improve the accuracy of predictive models.
Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Valine-Glutamine Motif-Containing Gene Family inBrassica napusand Functional Characterization ofBnMKS1in Response toLeptosphaeria maculans
Authors: Zou Zhongwei , Liu Fei , Huang Shuanglong , Fernando W. G. Dilantha 
Published: August 2020

Proteins containing valine-glutamine (VQ) motifs play important roles in plant growth and development as well as in defense responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Blackleg disease, which is caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is the most important disease in canola (Brassica napus) worldwide; however, the identification of Brassica napus VQs and their functions in response to blackleg disease have not yet been reported. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide identification and characterization of the VQ gene family in Brassica napus, including chromosome location, phylogenetic relations, gene structure, motif domain, synteny analysis, and cis-elements categorization of their promoter regions. To understand Brassica napus VQ gene function in response to blackleg disease, we overexpressed BnVQ7 (BnaA01g36880D, also known as the mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 substrate 1 [MKS1] gene) in a blackleg-susceptible canola variety, Westar. Overexpression of BnMKS1 in canola did not improve its resistance to blackleg disease at the seedling stage; however, transgenic canola plants overexpressing BnMKS1 displayed an enhanced resistance to L. maculans infection at the adult plant stage. Expression levels of downstream and defense marker genes in cotyledons increased significantly at the necrotrophic stage of L. maculans infection in the overexpression line of BnMKS1, suggesting that the salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated signaling pathways were both involved in the defense responses. Together, these results suggest that BnMKS1 might play an important role in defense against L. maculans.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Putting the 2019 Nutrition Recommendations for Pressure Injury Prevention and Treatment into Practice
Authors: Litchford Mary Demarest 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Healthy diets provide essential nutrients needed to maintain healthy skin and prevent or manage pressure injuries. The 2019 Clinical Practice Guideline for Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries published by the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel, European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance includes specific nutrition recommendations for patients with pressure injuries. The purpose of this CE/CME article is to explore the changes in the nutrition recommendations and strategies for implementation.

GENERAL PURPOSE
To explore the changes in the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel, European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance Clinical Practice Guideline for Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries (CPG) nutrition recommendations and strategies for implementation.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant will:
1. Synthesize the current evidence regarding nutrition approaches to medical conditions, including pressure injury prevention and treatment.
2. Summarize the changes and recommendations in the 2019 edition of the CPG.
The Promise of Smartphone Applications in the Remote Monitoring of Postsurgical Wounds: A Literature Review
Authors: Wang Sheila C. , Au Yunghan , Ramirez-GarciaLuna Jose L. , Lee Lawrence , Berry Gregory K. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To review the clinical and scientific literature on remote monitoring and management of postsurgical wounds using smartphone applications (apps).

DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane libraries were searched for relevant articles on patients who received surgery and were monitored postdischarge via an app.

STUDY SELECTION
Articles were selected with the terms “mobile phones,” “smartphones,” “wounds,” “monitor,” and “patient preference.”

DATA EXTRACTION
The authors found 276 review articles related to telemedicine in wound care. Investigators reviewed the titles and abstracts of the search results and selected 83 articles that were relevant to the remote monitoring of wounds using smartphone apps.

DATA SYNTHESIS
The topics explored in selected literature included smartphone app importance to telemedicine, benefits (medical and financial), app examples, and challenges in the context of wound monitoring and management. The authors identified several challenges and limitations that future studies in the field need to address.

CONCLUSIONS
Remote monitoring and management of wounds using smartphone apps is a valuable technique to enhance the quality of and access to healthcare. However, although some patients may prefer this technology, some lack technological competence, limiting telemedicine’s applicability. In addition, issues remain with the reliable interpretation of data collected through apps.
Infrared Thermography as a Diagnostic Tool for Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Ilo Arjaleena , Romsi Pekka , Mäkelä Jussi 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is increasing worldwide. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is considered the criterion standard of noninvasive screening, but it does have limitations. The present study aimed to clarify the clinical diagnostic potential of infrared thermography (IRT) compared with conventional noninvasive measurements for PAD.

METHODS
Patients were divided into two groups: the healthy control group (n = 93) and the PAD group (n = 164). Control participants had an ABI 0.9 to 1.4 and no former PAD diagnosis. The PAD group was divided into three subgroups based on ABI classifications and two subgroups based on toe pressure measurements. Investigators performed IRT using a standardized protocol with temperature measurements at five different foot sites.

MAIN RESULTS
Differences in skin temperatures between feet were greater (P < .001) in the PAD group than in healthy controls. In general, mean foot temperatures were lower in the PAD group than in controls but did not differ significantly among PAD subgroups based on ABI classifications or toe pressure measurements.

CONCLUSIONS
Infrared thermography effectively distinguished temperature differences between feet and thus might be diagnostically useful. However, because normal skin surface temperature varies among individuals, IRT alone cannot be recommended for evaluating PAD. However, it does have potential to provide additional information about circulation, subclinical infections, and the severity of vascular disease.
Experience With Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Ramos Boluda Esther , Redecillas Ferreiro Susana , Manrique Moral Oscar , García Romero Ruth , Irastorza Terradillos Iñaki , Nuñez Ramos Raquel , Germán Díaz Marta , Polo Miquel Begoña , Vives Piñera Inmaculada , Alcolea Sánchez Alida , González Sacristán Rocío , Bautista Barea Marta , Moreno Villares Jose Manuel 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to describe the experience with teduglutide of several Spanish hospitals in pediatric patients with SBS (SBS).Methods:Seventeen pediatric patients with intestinal failure associated with SBS were treated with teduglutide. Patients received 0.05 mg · kg−1 · day−1 of subcutaneous teduglutide. Patients’ demographics and changes in parenteral nutrition (PN) needs, fecal losses, and citrulline level initially and at 3, 6, and 12 months were collected, as well as any adverse events.Results:Patients were receiving 55 ml · kg−1 · day−1 and 33 kcal · kg−1 · day−1 of parenteral supplementation on average at baseline (2 patients received only hydroelectrolytic solution). A total of 12/17 patients achieved parenteral independence: 3 patients after 3 months of treatment, 4 patients at 6 months, and 5 after 12 months. One patient discontinued treatment 1 year after the beginning as no changes in parenteral support or fecal losses were obtained. All others decreased their intravenous requirements by 50%. One patient suffered an episode of cholecystitis, and another one with a pre‐existing cardiac disease, developed a cardiac decompensation.Conclusions:Teduglutide seems to be a safe and effective treatment in the pediatric SBS population with better results than in the pivotal study as well as in the adult population.