bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphdiyne‐Based Monolayers as Promising Anchoring Materials for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Muhammad Imran , Younis Umer , Xie Huanhuan , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Sun Qiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness are required for modern energy‐storage technologies. The anchoring performance of newly fabricated porous triphenylene–graphdiyne (TPGDY), boron–graphdiyne (BGDY), and nitrogen–graphdiyne (NDGY–C18N6, NGDY–C24N4, and NGDY–C36N6) monolayers are studied by employing density functional theory (DFT). It is found that the porous graphdiyne‐based materials offer more space to accommodate lithium polysulfides with moderate adsorption energies and the anchoring performance changes with substrate and the size of Li2Sn molecules: BGDY has a strong chemical interaction with lithium polysulfides due to the large charge transfer as compared to others. The chemical interaction dominates in anchoring species Li2Sn with small size (n = 1, 2), whereas vdW interaction dominates for S8 and larger size Li2Sn (n = 6, 8) species. Furthermore, anchoring lithium polysulfides reduces the band gaps of the graphdiyne‐based materials and enhances the electronic conductivity. These intriguing features suggest that graphdiyne‐based porous 2D structures are promising anchoring materials for lithium–sulfur batteries.
Cationic Iron(III) Salt as an Initiator for Radical Cation‐induced [4+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Horibe Takahiro , Ohmura Shuhei , Katagiri Kei , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe developed a cationic iron(III) salt initiator for radical cation‐induced [4+2] cycloaddition. Fe(OTf)3 [or Fe(ClO4)3] behaves as a highly active oxidant for both electron‐deficient and electron‐rich dienophiles. The scope of substrates is much broader than with FeCl3 reported previously. With highly active Fe(OTf)3, we demonstrate a formal total synthesis of Heitziamide A.
Synthesis, characterization, thermal, computational and biological activity studies of new potential bioactive diorganotin (IV) nitrosubstitutedhydroxamates‐A comparative study
Authors: Choudhary Vineet Kumar , Bhatt Arvind Kumar , Dash Dibyajit , Sharma Neeraj 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe new diorganotin (IV) complexes of composition [Me2SnCl(3,5‐(NO2)2C6H2(OH)CONHO)] (I) and [n‐Bu2SnCl(3,5‐(NO2)2C6H2(OH)CONHO)] (II) have been synthesized by the reactions of Me2SnCl2 and n‐Bu2SnCl2 with potassium 3,5‐dinitrosalicylhydroxamate [3,5‐(NO2)2C6H2(OH)CONHOK]‐ a ligand of biological significance bearing –NO2 and –OH substituents presumed to yield complexes with efficient bioactivity. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR and mass spectrometry in order to study the ligational behavior and probale geometry around tin as the ligand might show different bonding modes and geometry in complexes. The geometries of (I) and (II) have been computed using B3LYP/6–31 + G(d,p) set by DFT method and the vibrational frequencies, 1H and 13C NMR spectra compared with the experimental data. A comparison of computed bond lengths (C=O, C‐N, and N‐O) of (I) and (II) with that of free ligand, the Sn‐O bond lengths, bond angles coupled with 119Sn NMR and IR spectral data have suggested coordination through carbonyl and hydroxamic oxygens (O, O coordination) displaying five‐coordinate distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal geometry around tin. The thermal behavior of (I) and (II) has been studied by thermogravimetric techniques (TGA, DTG, DTA) and various kinetic parameters have been calculated. The electrochemical behavior of ligand, (I) and (II) studied by cyclic voltammetric technique has shown ligand centered redection. The HOMO‐LUMO energies and orbitals, global reactivity descriptors, various thermodynamic parameters and dipole moment (μ) have been computed to determin the molecular properties of complexes. The in vitro antimicrobial activity assay against bacteria and fungi by MIC method has indicated higher potency of (I) than (II). The in vitro cytotoxicity on human muscle rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) by MTT method and the antioxidant potential by DPPH free radical scavenging showed higher inhibitory effect of complexes than ligand.
Use of species delimitation approaches to assess biodiversity in freshwater planaria (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from desert springs
Authors: Inoue Kentaro , Pohl Alexa L. , Sei Makiri , Lang Brian K. , Berg David J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Chihuahuan Desert springs in New Mexico and Texas harbour many endemic aquatic species. Often, these taxa share similar phenotypic characters, making it difficult to assess biodiversity accurately. Even though free‐living planaria (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) occur in high densities, they are often omitted from biodiversity assessments of freshwater habitats owing to a lack of expertise in identifying them and lack of concern for conservation of these poorly known organisms.
Using phylogenetic and species delimitation approaches, the diversity of planaria was examined from 12 springs in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences were used to reconstruct a phylogeny and then to delineate putative species from these springs via genetic distance and multispecies coalescent methods.
The results showed that the planaria in the northern Chihuahuan Desert probably belong to four putative species; three of these are locally endemic, and the other is widely distributed across the region. These putative species may have experienced different evolutionary histories primarily because the locally endemic taxa have limited dispersal capabilities.
The results suggest the need for morphological examination in order to allow the description of these putative species. This study not only uses DNA barcoding to estimate accurately the total diversity of freshwater planaria before conventional species identification, but also identifies hidden biodiversity in springs of the northern Chihuahuan Desert. These ecosystems require aggressive conservation action to protect vulnerable habitats that contain a wealth of endemic species.
Biodiversity, ecology, fisheries, and use and trade of Tetraodontiformes fishes reveal their socio‐ecological significance along the tropical Brazilian continental shelf
Authors: Eduardo Leandro Nole , Bertrand Arnaud , Frédou Thierry , Lira Alex Souza , Lima Rayssa Siqueira , Ferreira Beatrice Padovani , Menard Frédéric , Lucena‐Frédou Flávia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Tetraodontiformes fishes play a critical role in benthic and demersal communities and are facing threats due to anthropogenic impacts and climate change. However, they are poorly studied worldwide. To improve knowledge on the socio‐ecological significance and conservation of Tetraodontiformes a review of literature addressing the diversity, ecology, use and trade, conservation, and main threats of Tetraodontiformes combined with a comprehensive in situ dataset from two broad‐range multidisciplinary oceanographic surveys performed along the Tropical Brazilian Continental Shelf was undertaken.
Twenty‐nine species were identified, being primarily found on coral reefs and algal ecosystems. At these habitats, tetraodontids present highly diversified trophic categories and might play an important role by balancing the marine food web
Coral reef ecosystems, especially those near to the shelf break, seem to be the most important areas of Tetraodontiformes fishes, concentrating the highest values of species richness, relative abundance and the uncommon and Near Threatened species.
Ninety per cent of species are commonly caught as bycatch, being also used in the ornamental trade (69%) and as food (52%), serving as an important source of income for artisanal local fisheries.
Tetraodontiformes are threatened by unregulated fisheries, overexploitation, bycatch, and habitat loss due to coral reef degradation and the potential effects of climate change. These factors are more broadly impacting global biodiversity, food security, and other related ecosystem functions upon which humans and many other organisms rely.
We recommend the following steps that could improve the conservation of Tetraodontiformes along the tropical Brazilian Continental shelf and elsewhere: (i) data collection of the commercial, incidental, ornamental and recreational catches; (ii) improvement of the current legislation directed at the marine ornamental harvesting; (iii) increase efforts focused on the education and conservation awareness in coastal tourism and communities; and, most important, (iv) creation of marine reserves networks in priority areas of conservation, protecting either the species and key habitats for its survival.
Neurosensory and Sinus Evolution as Tyrannosauroid Dinosaurs Developed Giant Size: Insight from the Endocranial Anatomy of Bistahieversor sealeyi
Authors: McKeown Matthew , Brusatte Stephen L. , Williamson Thomas E. , Schwab Julia A. , Carr Thomas D. , Butler Ian B. , Muir Amy , Schroeder Katlin , Espy Michelle A. , Hunter James F. , Losko Adrian S. , Nelson Ronald O. , Gautier D. Cort , Vogel Sven C. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTTyrannosaurus rex and other tyrannosaurid dinosaurs were apex predators during the latest Cretaceous, which combined giant size and advanced neurosensory systems. Computed tomography (CT) data have shown that tyrannosaurids had a trademark system of a large brain, large olfactory bulbs, elongate cochlear ducts, and expansive endocranial sinuses surrounding the brain and sense organs. Older, smaller tyrannosauroid relatives of tyrannosaurids developed some, but not all, of these features, raising the hypothesis that tyrannosaurid‐style brains evolved before the enlarged tyrannosaurid‐style sinuses, which might have developed only with large body size. This has been difficult to test, however, because little is known about the brains and sinuses of the first large‐bodied tyrannosauroids, which evolved prior to Tyrannosauridae. We here present the first CT data for one of these species, Bistahieversor sealeyi from New Mexico. Bistahieversor had a nearly identical brain and sinus system as tyrannosaurids like Tyrannosaurus, including a large brain, large olfactory bulbs, reduced cerebral hemispheres, and optic lobes, a small tab‐like flocculus, long and straight cochlear ducts, and voluminous sinuses that include a supraocciptal recess, subcondyar sinus, and an anterior tympanic recess that exits the braincase via a prootic fossa. When characters are plotted onto tyrannosauroid phylogeny, there is a two‐stage sequence in which features of the tyrannosaurid‐style brain evolved first (in smaller, nontyrannosaurid species like Timurlengia), followed by features of the tyrannosaurid‐style sinuses (in the first large‐bodied nontyrannosaurid tyrannosauroids like Bistahieversor). This suggests that the signature tyrannosaurid sinus system evolved in concert with large size, whereas the brain did not. Anat Rec, 303:1043–1059, 2020. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy
Anatomy of the neural endocranium, parasphenoid and stapes of Diadectes absitus (Diadectomorpha) from the early Permian of Germany based on the high‐resolution X‐ray microcomputed tomography
Authors: Klembara Jozef , Hain Miroslav , Čerňanský Andrej , Berman David S. , Henrici Amy C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA detailed anatomy of the braincase and stapes of the subadult specimen of Diadectes absitus from early Permian sediments of Germany are described for the first time based on the high‐resolution X‐ray microcomputed tomography. In contrast to previous studies of Diadectes, the bones of the braincase (opisthotic, prootic, supraoccipital, basioccipital, exoccipital, basisphenoid, and sphenethmoid), and parasphenoid of D. absitus are not co‐ossified, but suturally defined. This has allowed for a reconstruction of a complete braincase with all sutures between the individual bones. The opisthotic, prootic, and supraocciptal contain a well‐preserved endosseous labyrinth. The three‐dimensional‐reconstruction of its cavities shows a well‐preserved vestibule, three semicircular canals, and well‐developed cochlear recess. In addition, a shallow subarcuate fossa is present on the ventral surface of the supraoccipital, which lies medial to the anterior semicircular canal. A typical feature of the diadectid braincase is the presence of the otic tube leading from the fenestra vestibuli to the vestibule. A revision of the topology of this structure is presented here. Here, we describe new structures of the stapes, especially in its proximal portion, as well as its position to the fenestra vestibuli. These structures are described for the first time not only in D. absitus, but for the genus.
The how and why of integrated reporting in a public health care organization: The stakeholders' perspective
Authors: Marasca Stefano , Montanini Lucia , D'Andrea Alessia , Cerioni Eva 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite the widespread calls for in‐depth case studies on adoption of the International Integrated Reporting Council Framework, in practice, it appears to be underexplored, above all in the public sector. Our aim is to explore how and why a public health care organization (PHO) has chosen to adopt the practice of integrated reporting, and we then delve into whether the PHO's perception of the document's value coincides with that of the stakeholders, who are its recipients. Often, society's perception of value can differ considerably from an organization's. Thus, for our research purposes, a case study was examined, adopting a qualitative approach and action research methodology. Our findings demonstrate the centrality of the value created for patients and of the “normative” scenario that takes place during the implementation of an integrated report in a PHO. Moreover, the concept of legitimacy was found to be virtually synonymous with institutionalization.
Maximizing antibody production in a targeted integration host by optimization of subunit gene dosage and position
Authors: Carver Joe , Ng Domingos , Zhou Michelle , Ko Peggy , Zhan Dejin , Yim Mandy , Shaw David , Snedecor Brad , Laird Michael W. , Lang Steven , Shen Amy , Hu Zhilan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHistorically, therapeutic protein production in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been accomplished by random integration (RI) of expression plasmids into the host cell genome. More recently, the development of targeted integration (TI) host cells has allowed for recombination of plasmid DNA into a predetermined genomic locus, eliminating one contributor to clone‐to‐clone variability. In this study, a TI host capable of simultaneously integrating two plasmids at the same genomic site was used to assess the effect of antibody heavy chain and light chain gene dosage on antibody productivity. Our results showed that increasing antibody gene copy number can increase specific productivity, but with diminishing returns as more antibody genes are added to the same TI locus. Random integration of additional antibody DNA copies in to a targeted integration cell line showed a further increase in specific productivity, suggesting that targeting additional genomic sites for gene integration may be beneficial. Additionally, the position of antibody genes in the two plasmids was observed to have a strong effect on antibody expression level. These findings shed light on vector design to maximize production of conventional antibodies or tune expression for proper assembly of complex or bispecific antibodies in a TI system.
Knockdown of Trop2 inhibits proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells via AKT/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Sun Xiaotong , Xing Guangyang , Zhang Cui , Lu Kun , Wang Yuqiong , He Xiyan 
Published: January 2020

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecologic malignancy in western countries and has been reported to account for about 7% of female malignant tumours and 20% to 30% of female genital system malignant tumours. Accumulating evidence showed the expression of human trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) was abnormal in many cancers; however, the expression and role of Trop2 in EC are not clear. The Trop‐2 protein expression was detected by western blot in EC cells. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were measured by CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assay, respectively. The epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and AKT/β‐catenin signalling pathway–related proteins in EC cell lines were detected by western blot assay following Trop2 gene silencing. The present study revealed that the Trop2 protein was highly expressed in EC cell lines compared with human endometrial epithelial cells. The Trop2 mRNA and protein were obviously decreased following transfection with Trop2‐siRNA sequence in KLE and Ishikawa cells. Meanwhile, Trop2 gene silencing in KLE and Ishikawa cells strongly inhibited cell proliferation and migration and increased cell apoptosis. Investigation into the molecular mechanism indicated that the Trop2 gene silencing suppressed EMT and AKT/β‐catenin signalling pathway activation.Significance of the studyThese findings suggested that Trop2 silencing inhibited EC cell proliferation and migration and promoted cell apoptosis. The mechanism might be related to the inhibition of the AKT/β‐catenin signalling pathway in EC cells. Therefore, Trop2 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of EC.
Sebaceous neoplasms: Just the thin end of the wedge
Authors: Kyriakou Aikaterini , Galanis Nikiforos , Stavride Eliza , Patsatsi Aikaterini , Lazaridou Elizabeth , Tsiridis Eleftherios 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe presence of sebaceous neoplasm should alert physicians to thoroughly investigate for underlying malignancies. Awareness on MTS should be raised within physicians, since this may be just the thin end of the wedge.
Kinetic and CFD Modeling of Exhaust Gas Reforming of Natural Gas in a Catalytic Fixed‐Bed Reactor for Spark Ignition Engines
Authors: Arman Abdulwahid , Hagos Ftwi Yohaness , Abdullah Abdul Adam , Aziz Abd Rashid Abd , Mamat Rizalman , Cheng Chin Kui , Vo Dai-Viet N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFuel reforming is an attractive method for performance enhancement of internal combustion engines fueled by natural gas, since the syngas can be generated inline from the reforming process. In this study, 1D and 2D steady‐state modeling of exhaust gas reforming of natural gas in a catalytic fixed‐bed reactor were conducted under different conditions. With increasing engine speed, methane conversion and hydrogen production increased. Similarly, increasing the fraction of recirculated exhaust gas resulted in higher consumption of methane and generation of H2 and CO. Steam addition enhanced methane conversion. However, when the amount of steam exceeded that of methane, less hydrogen was produced. Increasing the wall temperature increased the methane conversion and reduced the H2/CO ratio.
The development of industrial (thermal) processes in the context of sustainability: The case for microwave heating
Authors: Chaouki Jamal , Farag Sherif , Attia Mai , Doucet Jocelyn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe volumetric, uniform, and selective heating of microwaves is a novel technique with the potential to be established in a wide range of applications. The individual interaction of each phase/component of multiphase/multicomponent systems with microwaves creates more than a temperature in the system. Having a high local temperature on an active site that is a strong microwave receptor promotes catalytic and non‐catalytic reactions. The relatively low temperature of the bulk material(s) restricts the undesirable secondary reactions correspondingly. This finding has already led to several applications. In this work, the fundamentals of microwave heating and their prospective applications are debated. Select lab‐scale results of metal and sulphur removal from petroleum oil, pyrolysis of lignin, and dry reforming of methane are demonstrated. The expected impacts of microwaves on other multiphase reactions are proposed.
Prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: 2‐year findings from EPICOR Asia
Authors: Zou Yanan , Yang Shuang , Wang Shipeng , Lv Bo , Xiu Lili , Li Lulu , Lee Stephen W.‐L. , Chin Chee Tang , Pocock Stuart J. , Huo Yong , Yu Bo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) have a generally poor prognosis and antithrombotic management patterns (AMPs) used post‐acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remain unclear. Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and patient characteristics was evaluated in NSTEMI patients enrolled in EPICOR Asia.HypothesisPatients stopping DAPT early may benefit from more intensive monitoring.MethodsEPICOR Asia was a prospective, real‐world, primary data collection, cohort study in adults with an ACS, conducted in eight countries/regions in Asia, with 2 year follow‐up. Eligible patients were hospitalized within 48 hours of symptom onset and survived to discharge. We describe AMPs and baseline characteristics in NSTEMI patients surviving ≥12 months with DAPT duration ≤12 and > 12 months post‐discharge. Clinical outcomes (composite of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke; and bleeding) were also explored.ResultsAt discharge, 90.8% of patients were on DAPT (including clopidogrel, 99%). At 1‐ and 2‐year follow‐up, this was 79.2% and 60.0%. Patients who stopped DAPT ≤12 months post‐discharge tended to be older, female, less obese, have prior cardiovascular disease, and have renal dysfunction. While causality cannot be inferred, the incidence of the composite endpoint over the subsequent 12 months was 10.6% and 3.1% with shorter vs longer use of DAPT, and mortality risk over the same period was 8.4% and 1.6%.ConclusionsOver 90% of NSTEMI patients were discharged on DAPT, with 60% on DAPT at 2 years. Patients stopping DAPT early were more likely to have higher baseline risk and may therefore benefit from more intensive monitoring during long‐term follow‐up.
Risk stratification in patients undergoing interventional left atrial appendage occlusion—Prognostic impact of EuroSCORE II
Authors: Gotzmann Michael , Choudhury Dinah S. , Hogeweg Maximilian , Heringhaus Florian , Mügge Andreas , Pflaumbaum Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterventional closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is an alternative option to stroke prophylaxis, particularly in multimorbid patients with a high risk of bleeding under oral anticoagulation. Due to the multiple comorbidities, the prognosis of patients is reduced, and the clinical benefit of the procedure is therefore questionable in the individual patient.HypothesisThe present study aims to identify independent preprocedural risk factors to improve risk stratification in these highly selected patients.MethodsThis study consecutively included 128 patients who received an interventional LAA occlusion with Amplatzer device (St Jude Medical, St Paul, Minnesota). The preinterventional risk assessment was performed with the logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) II. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were thromboembolic events and severe bleeding.ResultsDuring a follow‐up of 781 ± 498 days the primary endpoint (all‐cause mortality) was reached in 35 patients (27%). The only independent predictor of mid‐term mortality was a logistic EuroSCORE II > 2% (Hazard risk [HR] 4.55, confidence interval [CI] 1.599‐12.966, P = .005). In our study, 33 patients (26%) suffered from end‐stage renal disease which was not associated with increased mortality (P = .371), increased thromboembolic events (P = .475), or severe bleeding (P = .613).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing interventional LAA occlusion, preprocedural assessment of logistic EuroSCORE II provide independent prognostic information. This parameter might help to improve risk stratification in these highly selected patients. In contrast, terminal renal failure was not associated with a significantly worse outcome.