bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous and rapid quantification of microalga biomolecule content using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Al Ahmad Mahmoud , Raji Shaima , Mustafa Farah , Rizvi Tahir A. , Al‐Zuhair Sulaiman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLipids, proteins, and carbohydrates are the major constituents found in microalga cells, in varying proportions, and these biomolecules find applications in different industries. During microalga cultivation, to efficiently manipulate, control, and optimize the productivity of a specific compound for a specific application, real‐time monitoring of these three cell components is essential. In this study, a method using measurement of electrical capacitance was developed to simultaneously determine the lipid, protein, and carbohydrate content of microalga cells without the requirement for any pre‐processing steps. The marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata was cultivated under nitrogen starvation conditions to induce lipid accumulation over a period of 22 days. The correlation between the electrical capacitance of the microalga culture and the intracellular biomolecule content (determined by standard techniques) was investigated, enabling subsequent deduction of microalga intracellular content from electrical capacitance of the culture. The accuracy and precision of the technique were proven by validating an independent sample. The main advantage of the proposed technique is its capability of quantifying microalga composition within a few minutes, significantly faster than currently available conventional techniques.
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anti‐Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oil Derived from the Wild Rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala
Authors: Wu Yong‐Xiang , Lu Wei‐Wei , Geng Yu‐Chuang , Yu Chang‐Hao , Sun Han‐Ju , Kim You‐Jeong , Zhang Gen , Kim Taewan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti‐inflammatory activities of essential oil (EO) derived from the wild rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (AMA) growing in Qimen County (eastern China). GC/MS analysis identified fifteen compounds, representing 92.55 % of AMA EO. The major compounds were atractylone (39.22 %), β‐eudesmol (27.70 %), thymol (5.74 %), hinesol (5.50 %), and 11‐isopropylidenetricyclo[4.3.1.1(2,5)]undec‐3‐en‐10‐one (4.71 %). Ferricyanide reducing, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picyrlhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3‐ethyl‐benzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging assays revealed that AMA EO exhibited strong antioxidant capacities. Additionally, AMA EO showed inhibitory effects on growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/mL. Treatments with AMA EO also significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells, indicating anti‐inflammatory activity of AMA EO. Furthermore, treatments with AMA EO decreased the transcriptional levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), which might be the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti‐inflammatory effects. Overall, these results provide a theoretical basis for further study and application of AMA EO in food and medicine products.
Procedural and 1‐year clinical outcomes of orbital atherectomy for treatment of coronary in‐stent restenosis: A single‐center, retrospective study
Authors: Yasumura Keisuke , Benhuri Benjamin , Vengrenyuk Yuliya , Petrov Artiom , Barman Nitin , Sweeny Joseph , Kapur Vishal , Suleman Javed , Baber Usman , Mehran Roxana , Stone Gregg W. , Kini Annapoorna S. , Sharma Samin K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe evaluated the procedural and 1‐year clinical outcomes of orbital atherectomy (OA) for treatment of coronary in‐stent restenosis (ISR).BackgroundThe optimal treatment for ISR remains uncertain. While rotational and laser atherectomy have been used as neointimal debulking techniques for ISR, there have been few reports on OA for ISR.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ISR with OA in Mount Sinai catheterization laboratory between November 2013 and January 2018. Procedural success was defined as angiographic success without in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE; the composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction [MI], or target vessel revascularization). Clinical outcomes were assessed at 1 month and 12 months postprocedure.ResultsA total of 87 patients were included in the study. All 87 patients were treated with OA, after which 49 (56.3%) patients also received new drug‐eluting stents. Angiographic success was achieved in 87 (100%) patients and procedural success was achieved in 79 (90.8%) patients. In‐hospital MACE occurred in 8 (9.2%) patients, all due to periprocedural non‐Q‐wave MI. Acute lumen gain was 1.19 ± 0.57 mm after OA plus balloon angioplasty and 1.75 ± 0.50 mm after stent placement. MACE within 1 year occurred in 17 (19.5%) patients.ConclusionsOA for ISR was performed with favorable procedural and 1‐year clinical outcomes. Randomized trials are warranted to determine whether OA improves the poor prognosis of patients with ISR treated without debulking.
Effect of hydration on physical grain quality of durum wheat
Authors: Cabas‐Lühmann Patricia A. , Manthey Frank A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesMovement of moisture into dry grain can cause the grain to take on a weathered, bleached appearance. Bleaching is a concern for durum producers since the grain price is often discounted. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the effect of grain moisture content, temperature, and wet/dry cycles with bulk water and with high relative humidity on the hydration of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum [Desf.] Husn.) grain and their effect on physical grain quality parameters related to bleaching.FindingsWater gain was greater for grain with low (13%) than high (17%) initial moisture content, which resulted in similar grain moisture contents (~30%) after 3 hr of soaking. At 24°C, there was more water uptake than at 5°C. Exposure to a single bulk water wet/dry cycle caused durum kernels to increase in width and caused a rough and wrinkled bran surface which resulted in a decline in test weight and vitreous kernel content and an increase in kernel size and brightness. A single high relative humidity event caused a reduction in vitreous kernel content and an increase in kernel size. Additional cycles of high relative humidity were needed to cause a reduction in test weight. Micrographs from scanning electron microscope and light microscope showed that the germ and ventral surface of grain were important sites for water absorption.ConclusionsInitial grain moisture, temperature, and wet/dry cycles affected water gain. A single exposure to moisture (bulk water or high relative humidity) was enough to cause a decline in physical grain quality.Significant and noveltyThese data confirm anecdotal stories from durum producers that a single moisture event can cause bleaching and reduce grain quality and value.
The computer desktop image compression based on clustering algorithm
Authors: Gui Dawei 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWith the rapid development of computer software and hardware technology and network technology, aiming at the limitations of the traditional image compression standards and the deficiencies of the existing computer desktop image compression methods. By analyzing the characteristics of computer desktop image, according to the characteristics of desktop compression, a compression scheme based on high efficiency video coding (HEVC) and color clustering is proposed, which divides blocks into text/graphics blocks, natural image blocks and mixed blocks based on the features of histogram information and texture information of blocks. In block division and classification, an adaptive dynamic block classification algorithm is proposed which is different from the traditional block partitioning. Compared with the traditional method, the new block classification algorithm can save the code stream and improve the classification accuracy.
Genomic signals found using RNA sequencing show signatures of selection and subtle population differentiation in walleye (Sander vitreus) in a large freshwater ecosystem
Authors: Thorstensen Matt J. , Jeffrey Jennifer D. , Treberg Jason R. , Watkinson Douglas A. , Enders Eva C. , Jeffries Ken M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRNA sequencing is an effective approach for studying aquatic species yielding both physiological and genomic data. However, its population genetic applications are not well‐characterized. We investigate this possible role for RNA sequencing for population genomics in Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, walleye (Sander vitreus). Lake Winnipeg walleye represent the largest component of the second‐largest freshwater fishery in Canada. In the present study, large female walleye were sampled via nonlethal gill biopsy over two years at three spawning sites representing a latitudinal gradient in the lake. Genetic variation from sequenced mRNA was analyzed for neutral and adaptive markers to investigate population structure and possible adaptive variation. We find low population divergence (FST = 0.0095), possible northward gene flow, and outlier loci that vary latitudinally in transcripts associated with cell membrane proteins and cytoskeletal function. These results indicate that Lake Winnipeg walleye may be effectively managed as a single demographically connected metapopulation with contributing subpopulations and suggest genomic differences possibly underlying observed phenotypic differences. Despite its high cost relative to other genotyping methods, RNA sequencing data can yield physiological in addition to genetic information discussed here. We therefore argue that it is useful for addressing diverse molecular questions in the conservation of freshwater species.
Experimental assessment of biotic and abiotic filters driving community composition
Authors: Švamberková Eva , Lepš Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpecies occurrence in a site can be limited by both the abiotic environment and biotic interactions. These two factors operate in concert, but their relative importance is often unclear. By experimentally introducing seeds or plants into competition‐free gaps or into the intact vegetation, we can disentangle the biotic and abiotic effects on plant establishment.We established a seed‐sowing/transplant experiment in three different meadows. Species were introduced, as seeds and pregrown transplants, into competition‐free gaps and the intact vegetation. They included 12 resident plants from the locality and 18 species typical for different habitats. Last two years, gaps were overgrown with vegetation from surrounding plants and we observed the competitive exclusion of our focal plants. We compared plant survival with the expected occurrence in target locality (Beals index).Many of the species with habitat preferences different from our localities were able to successfully establish from seeds and grow in the focal habitat if competition was removed. They included species typical for much drier conditions. These species were thus not limited by the abiotic conditions, but by competition. Pregrown transplants were less sensitive to competition, when compared to seedlings germinated from seeds. Beals index significantly predicted both species success in gaps and the ability to withstand competition. Survival in a community is dependent on the adaptation to both the abiotic environment and biotic interactions. Statistically significant correlation coefficients of the ratio of seedling survival in vegetation and gaps with Beals index suggest the importance of biotic interactions as a determinant of plant community composition.To disentangle the importance of abiotic and biotic effect on plant establishment, it is important to distinguish between species pool as a set of species typically found in given community type (determined by Beals index) and a set of species for which the abiotic conditions are suitable.
Conditional expression of HIV‐1 tat in the mouse alters the onset and progression of tonic, inflammatory and neuropathic hypersensitivity in a sex‐dependent manner
Authors: Bagdas Deniz , Paris Jason J. , Carper Moriah , Wodarski Rachel , Rice Andrew S. C. , Knapp Pamela E. , Hauser Kurt F. , Damaj M. Imad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAt least one‐third of HIV‐1‐afflicted individuals experience peripheral neuropathy. Although the underlying mechanisms are not known, they may involve neurotoxic HIV‐1 proteins.MethodsWe assessed the influence of the neurotoxic HIV‐1 regulatory protein, Tat, on inflammatory and neuropathic nociceptive behaviours using transgenic male and female mice that conditionally expressed (or did not express) HIV‐1 Tat1‐86 in fibrillary acidic protein‐expressing glia in the central and peripheral nervous systems.ResultsTat induction significantly attenuated the time spent paw‐licking following formalin injection (2.5%, i.pl.) in both male and female mice. However, significant sex differences were observed in the onset and magnitude of inflammation and sensory sensitivity following complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection (10%, i.pl.) after Tat activation. Unlike female mice, male mice showed a significant attenuation of paw swelling and an absence of mechanical/thermal hypersensitivity in response to CFA after Tat induction. Male Tat(+) mice also showed accelerated recovery from chronic constrictive nerve injury (CCI)‐induced neuropathic mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity compared to female Tat(+) mice. Morphine (3.2 mg/kg) fully reversed CCI‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity in female Tat(−) mice, but not in Tat(+) females.ConclusionsThe ability of Tat to decrease oedema, paw swelling, and limit allodynia suggests a sequel of events in which Tat‐induced functional deficits precede the onset of mechanical hypersensitivity. Moreover, HIV‐1 Tat attenuated responses to inflammatory and neuropathic insults in a sex‐dependent manner. HIV‐1 Tat appears to directly contribute to HIV sensory neuropathy and reveals sex differences in HIV responsiveness and/or the underlying peripheral neuroinflammatory and nociceptive mechanisms.
Measuring channel planform change from image time series: A generalizable, spatially distributed, probabilistic method for quantifying uncertainty
Authors: Leonard Christina M. , Legleiter Carl J. , Lea Devin M. , Schmidt John C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChannels change in response to natural or anthropogenic fluctuations in streamflow and/or sediment supply and measurements of channel change are critical to many river management applications. Whereas repeated field surveys are costly and time‐consuming, remote sensing can be used to detect channel change at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Repeat images have been widely used to measure long‐term channel change, but these measurements are only significant if the magnitude of change exceeds the uncertainty. Existing methods for characterizing uncertainty have two important limitations. First, while the use of a spatially variable image co‐registration error avoids the assumption that errors are spatially uniform, this type of error, as originally formulated, can only be applied to linear channel adjustments, which provide less information on channel change than polygons of erosion and deposition. Second, previous methods use a level‐of‐detection (LoD) threshold to remove non‐significant measurements, which is problematic because real changes that occurred but were smaller than the LoD threshold would be removed. In this study, we present a new method of quantifying uncertainty associated with channel change based on probabilistic, spatially varying estimates of co‐registration error and digitization uncertainty that obviates a LoD threshold. The spatially distributed probabilistic (SDP) method can be applied to both linear channel adjustments and polygons of erosion and deposition, making this the first uncertainty method generalizable to all metrics of channel change. Using a case study from the Yampa River, Colorado, we show that the SDP method reduced the magnitude of uncertainty and enabled us to detect smaller channel changes as significant. Additionally, the distributional information provided by the SDP method allowed us to report the magnitude of channel change with an appropriate level of confidence in cases where a simple LoD approach yielded an indeterminate result. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tonic GABA‐activated synaptic and extrasynaptic currents in dentate gyrus granule cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons along the mouse hippocampal dorsoventral axis
Authors: Netsyk Olga , Hammoud Hayma , Korol Sergiy V. , Jin Zhe , Tafreshiha Atieh S. , Birnir Bryndis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe hippocampus is a medial temporal lobe structure in the brain and is widely studied for its role in memory and learning, in particular, spacial memory and emotional responses. It was thought to be a homogenous structure but emerging evidence shows differentiation along the dorsoventral axis and even microdomains for functional and cellular markers. We have examined in two cell‐types of the hippocampal projection neurons, the dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons, if the GABA‐activated tonic current density varied between the dorsal (septal) and the ventral (temporal) poles of the male mouse hippocampus. Tonic synaptic currents, arising from spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC, mIPSC), and extrasynaptic tonic currents were evaluated. The results revealed different levels of sIPSC but not mIPSC density between the dorsal and ventral hippocampal neurons for both the DG granule cells and the CA3 pyramidal neurons. The extrasynaptic tonic current density was larger in the DG granule cells as compared to the CA3 pyramidal neurons but did not vary between the dorsal and ventral regions. IPSC bursting was observed in both cell‐types in the ventral hippocampus but was more common in the CA3 pyramidal neurons. Only in the dorsal DG granule cells was the level of the sIPSC and mIPSC density similar. The results indicate that the tonic GABAergic inhibition is particularly strong in the ventral hippocampal DG granule cells and enhanced in the dorsal as compared to the ventral hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons.
Combination of baseline total metabolic tumor volume measured on FDG‐PET/CT and β2‐microglobulin have a robust predictive value in patients with primary breast lymphoma
Authors: Zhao Peiqi , Zhu Lei , Song Zheng , Wang Xianhuo , Ma Wenchao , Zhu Xiang , Qiu Lihua , Li Lanfang , Zhou Shiyong , Qian Zhengzi , Xu Wengui , Zhang Huilai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim was to build a prognostic model to stratify patients at diagnosis into different risk categories. We investigated the prognostic value of functional PET parameters and clinical features in 64 primary breast lymphoma (PBL) patients. With a median follow‐up of 60 months, 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 62.5% and 73.4%. In multivariate analysis, baseline total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV0) and β2‐microglobulin remained more reliable predictors of survival than other prognostic factors. The optimal TMTV0 cut‐off value was 90 cm3. Among 29 patients with high TMTV0, 5‐year PFS and OS were 44.8% and 62.1%, respectively, while 5‐year PFS and OS of 35 patients with low TMTV0 were 74.3% and 85.7%, respectively. TMTV0 combined with β2‐microglobulin identified three groups with very different prognosis, including low‐risk group with low TMTV0 and β2‐microglobulin≤normal (n = 30), intermediate‐risk group with high TMTV0 or β2‐microglobulin>normal (n = 20), and high‐risk group with high TMTV0 and β2‐microglobulin>normal (n = 14). In the three groups, 5‐year PFS rates were 80%, 55% and 28.6% (P = .003), and 5‐year OS rates were 90%, 65%, and 50% (P = .023) respectively. We established a new prognostic model through TMTV0 and β2‐microglobulin, and can divide PBL at diagnosis into different risk categories.
Complementary use of dating and hydrochemical tools to assess mixing processes involving centenarian groundwater in a geologically complex alpine karst aquifer
Authors: Gil‐Márquez José Manuel , De la Torre Beatriz , Mudarra Matías , Sültenfuß Jürgen , Andreo Bartolomé 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEnvironmental dating tracers (3H, 3He, 4He, CFC‐12, CFC‐11, and SF6) and the natural spring response (hydrochemistry, water temperature, and hydrodynamics) were jointly used to assess mixing processes and to characterize groundwater flow in a relatively small carbonate aquifer with complex geology in southern Spain. Results evidence a marked karst behaviour of some temporary outlets, with sharp and rapid responses to precipitation events, while some perennial springs show buffer and delayed variations with respect to recharge periods. The general geochemical evolution shows a pattern, from higher to lower altitudes, in which mineralization and the Mg/Ca ratio rise, evidencing longer water–rock interaction. The large SF6 concentrations in groundwater suggest terrigenic production, whereas CFC‐11 values are affected by sorption or degradation. The groundwater age in the perennial springs—as deduced from CFC‐12 and 3H/3He—points to mean residence times of several decades, although the large amount of radiogenic 4He in samples indicate a contribution of old groundwater (free of 3H and CFC‐12). Lumped parameter models and shape‐free models were created based on 3H, tritiogenic 3He, CFC‐12, and radiogenic 4He data in order to interpret the age distribution of the samples. Results evidence the existence of two mixing components, with an old fraction ranging between 160 and 220 years in age. The correlation of physicochemical parameters with some dating parameters, derived from the mixing models, serves to explain the hydrogeochemical processes occurring within the system. Altogether, long residence times are shown to be possible in small alpine systems with a clearly karst behaviour if the geological setting features highly tectonized media including units with diverse hydrogeological characteristics. These findings highlight the importance of applying different approaches, including groundwater dating techniques, when studying such groundwater flow regimes.