bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue oxygenation in peripheral muscles and functional capacity in cystic fibrosis: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Coelho Cristiane Cenachi , Aquino Evanirso da Silva , Diniz Ana Luiza Reis , Santos Mariana da Silva , Oliveira Lídia Cunha de , Poeiras Priscila Trindade Caetano , Pereira Danielle Aparecida Gomes 
Published: August 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
How do peripheral muscle tissue oxygenation and physical conditioning levels of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis compare to demographically matched controls?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis consumed more oxygen, more quickly and exhibited slower recovery, demonstrating that there may have been deficiencies in oxygen supply related to both oxygen uptake and oxygen transport.

AbstractCystic fibrosis affects skeletal muscle performance and functional capacity. However, it is currently unclear how peripheral muscle behaviour is affected, especially in children and adolescents. To examine this, we compared tissue oxygenation of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis against healthy volunteers. We also evaluated the functional capacity of participants via the modified shuttle test (MST) and assessed for associations between performance and near‐infrared spectroscopy. A total of 124 participants enrolled. Participants were divided into either the cystic fibrosis group (CFG) or the healthy group (HG). Statistical comparisons between groups were evaluated with the Mann–Whitney U test and associations with functional capacity were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient. CFG volunteers scored lower on the MST compared to the HG. They walked shorter distances (P = 0.001) with less efficiency because they performed the tests with a less efficient walking economy (P = 0.001) and a greater deoxyhaemoglobin concentration (P = 0.001). Further, they experienced reduced tissue oxygen saturation (P = 0.037) faster than the HG. As a result, they presented lower respiratory (P = 0.001) and lower heart (P = 0.001) rate values at the end of the MST, with a longer post‐test heart rate recovery time (P = 0.005). There was a significant association between deoxygenation time and functional capacity. The CFG consumed more oxygen, more quickly, with a slower recovery, reflecting impairments in the dynamics of muscle oxygen extraction. The results suggest differences in functional capacity and haemodynamic recovery in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
Characterizing Novel Honeycomb Infill Pattern for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Nazmul Ahsan A. M. M. , Khoda Bashir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Prismatic closed cells, i.e., honeycomb structures, are often used as infill in additive manufacturing (AM) for providing physical stability to the skin and mechanical integrity to the object. These cells are periodic in nature and uniform in density. In this research, a new fabrication pattern for honeycomb infill is proposed for material deposition-based additive manufacturing applications. The proposed pattern uniformly distributes the material within the cell and can accommodate a controllable variational honeycomb infill while maintaining continuity with relative ease. First, the honeycomb unit cell geometry is defined for uniform and non-uniform voxel sizes. A continuous toolpath scheme is then designed to achieve the honeycomb structure with uniform wall thickness. Unlike traditional honeycomb cells, the aspect ratio of the proposed cell type is not restricted, which helps to introduce variational honeycomb architecture in the infill. Additionally, the proposed cell type is four-time smaller than the traditional cell, which increases the unit cell packing density for the same R3 space. The proposed infill structures are fabricated with both uniform and variational patterns, which are then compared with the traditional honeycomb pattern with compression testing. In comparison to the traditional samples, the proposed uniform and variational infill patterns have achieved higher elastic modulus, collapse strength, and absorbed more specific energy along the X-direction. However, the values measured for both proposed patterns are lower along the Y-direction. Similar results are achieved for two different materials (PLA and TPU), which indicates the consistency of our findings.
Optimization of the Weld Setup in Magnetically Assisted Laser Welding by Thermo-Magnetic Modeling
Authors: Carpenter Kevin , Tabei Ali 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The application of magnetic fields during solidification processes has been reported to control the flow and turbulence in the melt pool and leads to improvements in the microstructure, namely crystallographic orientations and grain size. In order to maximize the benefits of assisting a welding process with externally applied magnetic fields, it is necessary to optimize the weld setup, as the relative distances between magnets and weldment can remarkably affect the magnitude and direction of the applied field. Furthermore, the usage of permanent magnets requires an additional caution as ferromagnetic magnets demagnetize as temperature increases, up to the Curie temperature, when they become paramagnetic. This work computationally models magnetically assisted welding in stainless steel 316L with SmCo26 permanent magnets, while providing a complete account for the heat transfer phenomena and subsequent demagnetization. The number of magnets, the orientation of their poles, and their position relative to the weld for minimal demagnetization and maximum magnetic field in the melt pool are optimized. It was found that three magnetic field orientations concentrate the magnetic strength at the weld, referred to as “parallel,” “oblique,” and “perpendicular.” A 20 cm flat butt joint weldment with optimized arrangements yielded a drop of only 0.21% in the perpendicular arrangement, and as much as 1.53% in the parallel, with initial magnitudes of 0.3325 T and 0.3796 T, respectively.
Development of an Aging Process for Friction Stir Extruded Joints
Authors: Jarrell Adam W. , Terry Brayden C. , Strauss Alvin M. , Cook George E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Friction stir extrusion is a derivative process of friction stir welding for joining dissimilar materials. The process forms a mechanical joint through extrusion to form interlocking features between two metals. When joining AA6061-T6 to mild steel through extrusion of a dovetail, much of the T6 heat treatment of the aluminum in and around the weld is lost during the process. This paper details the examination of a post-processing aging process to return AA6061 to the T6 condition. Through a 10-h precipitation hardening process at 170 °C. The welds experienced a 23.9% increase in the tensile strength from 2193 N as-welded to 2718 N after 10 h. Hardness measurements showed a return close to T6 conditions in both the weld nugget and extruded material, 67.5–83.5 HRF and 54.7–81.8 HRF, respectively, during the heat treatment period. The steel showed no substantial changes in hardness during the heat treatment. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis revealed significant changes in the sizes of two species of inclusions within the aluminum during both the welding and post-processing.
Effect of Structure on Response of a Three-Dimensional-Printed Photopolymer-Particulate Composite Under Intermediate Strain Rate Loading
Authors: Keyhani Amirreza , Zhou Min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The thermo-mechanical response of an additively manufactured photopolymer-particulate composite under conditions of macroscopic uniaxial compression without lateral confinement at overall strain rates of 400–2000 s−1 is studied. The material has a direct-ink-written unidirectional structure. Computations are performed to quantify the effects of microstructure attributes including anisotropy, defects, and filament size on localized deformation, energy dissipations, and temperature rises. To this effect, an experimentally informed Lagrangian finite element framework is used, accounting for finite-strain elastic–plastic deformation, strain-rate effect, failure initiation and propagation, post-failure internal contact and friction, heat generation due to friction and inelastic bulk deformation, and heat conduction. The analysis focuses on the material behavior under overall compression. Despite relatively low contribution to overall heating, friction is localized at fracture sites and plays an essential role in the development of local temperature spikes unknown as hotspots. The microstructural attributes are found to significantly affect the development of the hotspots, with local heating most pronounced when loading is transverse to the filaments or when the material has higher porosities, stronger inter-filament junctions, or smaller filament sizes. Samples with smaller filament sizes undergo more damage, exhibit higher frictional dissipation, and develop larger hotspots that occur primarily at failure sites.
The Asymptotic Structure of Gravity at Spatial Infinity in Four Spacetime Dimensions
Authors: Henneaux Marc , Troessaert Cédric 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA review of our results on the asymptotic structure of gravity at spatial infinity in four spacetime dimensions is given. Finiteness of the action and integrability of the asymptotic Lorentz boost generators are key criteria that we implement through appropriate boundary conditions. These conditions are “twisted parity conditions,” expressing that the leading order of the asymptotic fields obeys strict parity conditions under the sphere antipodal map up to an improper gauge transformation. The asymptotic symmetries are shown to form the infinite-dimensional Bondi-Metzner-Sachs group, which has a nontrivial action. The charges and their algebra are worked out. The presentation aims at being self-contained and at possessing a pedagogical component.
Coupled channel analysis of fusion excitation function for 9Be+64Zn system at near and above barrier energies
Authors: Chetna  , Singh Pardeep , Kharab Rajesh 
Published: August 2020

We have calculated excitation functions of incomplete fusion, complete fusion and total fusion processes for [Formula: see text] system at near and above barrier energies. In particular, breakup effects of weakly bound projectile [Formula: see text], which has been considered as a two body system [Formula: see text] with a breakup threshold of 1.667 MeV, have been studied. The calculations are performed by using the code FRESCO, which is based on Continuum Discretized Coupled Channel (CDCC) approach. The present analysis of the total fusion excitation function for the system [Formula: see text] shows that it is suppressed at above barrier energies and enhanced at sub barrier energies when the breakup effects are taken into account. In addition, the comparison of the probabilities of incomplete fusion from neutron capture and that from alpha capture shows the dominance of former over later.
Study on the protective effect of different extraction sites of Hyssopus officinalis and Dracocephalum moldavica combination on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Maihemuti Maimaitiming , Abulaiti Remila , Parhat Alimjan 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To investigate and evaluate the protective effect of the combination of Hyssopus officinalis and Dracocephalum moldavica on cerebral ischemia reperfusion rat model. Methods: The rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion was established and SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal group, model group, water extraction site, ethanol extraction site, ether extraction site and total extraction site groups. After 22 h of reperfusion, the rats were scored for neural dysfunction, and the contents of brain water, MDA and SOD were measured. Histopathological changes of cortex and hippocampus were observed by HE staining. The brain tissue was stained with TTC, and the infarct area was photographed and calculated. Results: Compared with the model group, the water extraction site, the total extraction site decreased IL-6 in brain tissue ([Formula: see text]), while the ethanol site and ethanol extraction site and the total extraction site could reduce the score of nerve function loss, percentage of cerebral infarction area and MDA content ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). The level of SOD in the brain tissues of rats was significantly increased in both ethanol sites and total extraction sites ([Formula: see text]). Compared with the model group, the total extraction sites showed significant decrease of TNF-[Formula: see text] content ([Formula: see text]). Compared with the normal group, the water content in the model group was significantly increased, and there was a decreasing trend but it was not significant after drug treatment groups. Conclusion: The ethanol and total extraction site of Hyssopus officinalis and Dracocephalum moldavica combination exerts protective effects on rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion.
Clinical observation of the use of portable pulmonary function test trainer in patients with stable COPD
Authors: Wu Yuhua , Zhou Jian , Ma Mengyu , Xie Jing , Wang Ahong , Li Jing , Li Xinhua , Chang Meijia , Pei Xiaoli , Ji Qiaomeng , Zhang Ge , Wang Jing , Li Na 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of the use of portable pulmonary function tester in patients with stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Methods: A total of 80 patients with stable COPD were enrolled in our hospital from March 2018 to March 2019. They were divided into two groups according to different treatment methods. The comparison group was used for routine pulmonary function training, and the intervention group was trained for Portable Pulmonary Function Training and Test Device (PPFTTD). Comparison was made of forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), measured/predicted value of the first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1 measured/predicted value), measured/predicted value of maximal voluntary ventilation per minute between the two groups. Quality of life (QOL) scores such as daily living ability, social activity, depressive psychological symptoms, and anxiety psychological symptoms were measured. Results: The FEV1/FVC value, measured/predicted value of FEV1 and MVV of intervention group were higher than those in the comparison group ([Formula: see text]). QOL scores, such as daily living ability, social activity, depression psychological symptoms, and anxiety psychological symptoms in the intervention group, were lower than those in the comparison group ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: In the treatment of stable COPD, the use of portable pulmonary function tester is significant, and it should be widely promoted and applied in clinical practice.
Increased QT Dispersion Is Linked to Worse Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Kosmopoulos Marinos , Roukoz Henri , Sebastian Pierre , Kalra Rajat , Goslar Tomaz , Bartos Jason A. , Yannopoulos Demetris , Benditt David G. 
Published: August 2020

Background
The incidence and mortality of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains high, but predicting outcomes is challenging. Being able to better assess prognosis of hospitalized patients after return of spontaneous circulation would enable improved management of survival expectations. In this study, we assessed the predictive value of ECG indexes in hospitalized patients with OHCA.

Methods and Results

PR interval and QT interval corrected by the Bazett formula (QTc) for all leads were calculated from standard 12‐lead ECGs 24 hours after return of spontaneous circulation in 93 patients who were hospitalized following OHCA. PR interval and QT and QTc duration did not differentiate OHCA survivors and nonsurvivors. However, QT and QTc dispersion was significantly increased in patients who died during hospitalization compared with survivors discharged from the hospital (
P
<0.01). Logistic regression indicated a strong association between increased QT dispersion and in‐hospital mortality (
P
<0.0001; area under the curve, 0.8918 for QT dispersion and 0.8673 for QTc dispersion). Multinomial logistic regression indicated that the increase of QTc dispersion correlated with worse Cerebral Performance Category scores at discharge (
P
<0.001; likelihood ratio, 51.42). There was also significant correlation between dispersion measures and serum potassium at the time of measurement and between dispersion measures and cumulative epinephrine administration. No difference existed regarding the number of measurable leads.

Conclusions
Lesser QT and QTc dispersion at 24 hours after return of spontaneous circulation was significantly associated with survival and neurologic status at discharge. Routine evaluation of QT and QTc dispersion during hospitalization following return of spontaneous circulation might improve outcome prognostication for patients hospitalized for OHCA.
Effect of a Triage‐Based Screening Protocol on Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Tanzanian Emergency Department: A Prospective Pre‐Post Study
Authors: Hertz Julian T. , Sakita Francis M. , Kweka Godfrey L. , Bloomfield Gerald S. , Bartlett John A. , Tarimo Tumsifu G. , Temu Gloria , Bettger Janet P. , Thielman Nathan M. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Evidence suggests that acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is underdiagnosed in sub‐Saharan Africa. Triage‐based interventions have improved ACS diagnosis and management in high‐income settings but have not been evaluated in sub‐Saharan African emergency departments (EDs). Our objective was to estimate the effect of a triage‐based screening protocol on ACS diagnosis and care in a Tanzanian ED.

Methods and Results

All adults presenting to a Tanzanian ED with chest pain or shortness of breath were prospectively enrolled. Treatments and clinician‐documented diagnoses were observed and recorded. In the preintervention phase (August 2018 through January 2019), ACS testing and treatment were dictated by physician discretion, as per usual care. A triage‐based protocol was then introduced, and in the postintervention phase (January 2019 through October 2019), research assistants performed ECG and point‐of‐care troponin I testing on all patients with chest pain or shortness of breath upon ED arrival. Pre‐post analyses compared ACS care between phases. Of 1020 total participants (339 preintervention phase, 681 postintervention phase), mean (SD) age was 58.9 (19.4) years. Six (1.8%) preintervention participants were diagnosed with ACS, versus 83 (12.2%) postintervention participants (odds ratio [OR], 7.51; 95% CI, 3.52–19.7;
P
<0.001). Among all participants, 3 (0.9%) preintervention participants received aspirin, compared with 50 (7.3%) postintervention participants (OR, 8.45; 95% CI, 3.07–36.13;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Introduction of a triage‐based ACS screening protocol in a Tanzanian ED was associated with significant increases in ACS diagnoses and aspirin administration. Additional research is needed to determine the effect of ED‐based interventions on ACS care and clinical end points in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Administration of 1% topical voriconazole drops was effective and safe in the treatment of refractory otomycosis without tympanic membrane perforation
Authors: Zhang Shoude , Jin Mao , Hu Sunhong , Zhang Yuejiao , Zhou Guojin 
Published: August 2020

Background: Refractory otomycosis is a common condition that is difficult to treat. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 1% topical voriconazole drops in the treatment of otomycosis. Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted from November 2017 to November 2019. Patients who had refractory otomycosis without tympanic membrane perforation confirmed by microbial culture and fluorescent staining were included in the study. All patients were treated with 1% topical voriconazole drops hourly at daytime for 2 weeks. Evaluation of effectiveness was conducted 1 month after the completion of topical voriconazole treatment. Before and after topical voriconazole treatment, hearing tests were performed in all patients. Results: Fifty-five patients were included in this study. The reasons for refractoriness were resistant recurrence to imidazole drugs (50 cases, 90.9%) and difficulty in cleaning the external auditory canal (5 cases, 9.1%). The most common strain was Aspergillus terreus (50.9%), followed by Aspergillus flavus (29.1%), Aspergillus niger (10.9%), and Aspergillus fumigatus (9.1%). After 2 weeks of treatment with 1% topical voriconazole drops, otomycosis in all patients was resolved. There was no significant change in bone conduction before and after topical voriconazole treatment (paired t-test, P = 0.5023; linear correlation analysis, R2 = 0.98; equation, y = 1.003 x−0.284). Adverse effects, such as blurred vision and phototoxicity, were not observed in any patient. Conclusions: Administration of 1% topical voriconazole drops was effective and safe in the treatment of refractory otomycosis without tympanic membrane perforation within 2 weeks.
Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis during Pregnancy: A Support Group Survey
Authors: McCrary Hilary , Torrecillas Vanessa , Conley Matthew , Anderson Catherine , Smith Marshall 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: (1) To determine how pregnancy affects idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) symptoms. (2) To determine treatments utilized (including operating room (OR) and in-office procedures) for iSGS before, during, and after pregnancy. Methods: A 24-question survey was distributed to an international iSGS support group to assess the patient experience among individuals who have been pregnant with diagnosis of iSGS. Descriptive statistics and chi2 analyses were completed. Results: A total of 413 iSGS patients participated; 84.7% (n = 350) of patients were diagnosed prior to menopause. A total of 25.5% patients reported being pregnant when they had airway stenosis; 71.1% of those reported more severe airway symptoms during pregnancy. The proportion of patients that reported requiring ≥1 OR interventions (microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, laser, balloon dilation, or steroid injection) before, during and after pregnancy was the following, respectively: 37.3%, 35.6%, 51.3%. Whereas the proportion of patients that reported requiring ≥1 in-office interventions (awake balloon dilation or steroid injection) before, during and after pregnancy was the following, respectively: 13.6%, 11.8%, 15.8%. Number of pregnancies and age of diagnosis was not related to severity of symptoms or requiring more airway interventions ( P > .05). Conclusions: This survey reveals worsening of symptoms during pregnancy, however, this did not lead to increase in operative or clinic interventions to improve airway symptoms during pregnancy. Future avenues for research include optimizing management of airway symptoms during pregnancy to limit OR-based interventions. Level of evidence: Level IV