bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural similarities between some common fluorophores used in biology and marketed drugs, endogenous metabolites, and natural products
Authors: O’Hagan Steve , Kell Douglas B. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is known that at least some fluorophores can act as ‘surrogate’ substrates for solute carriers (SLCs) involved in pharmaceutical drug uptake, and this promiscuity is taken to reflect at least a certain structural similarity. As part of a comprehensive study seeking the ‘natural’ substrates of ‘orphan’ transporters that also serve to take up pharmaceutical drugs into cells, we have noted that many drugs bear structural similarities to natural products. A cursory inspection of common fluorophores indicates that they too are surprisingly ‘drug-like’, and they also enter at least some cells. Some are also known to be substrates of efflux transporters. Consequently, we sought to assess the structural similarity of common fluorophores to marketed drugs, endogenous mammalian metabolites, and natural products. We used a set of some 150 fluorophores.ResultsThe great majority of fluorophores tested exhibited significant similarity (Tanimoto similarity > 0.75) to at least one drug as judged via descriptor properties (especially their aromaticity, for identifiable reasons that we explain), by molecular fingerprints, by visual inspection, and via the “quantitative estimate of drug likeness” technique. It is concluded that this set of fluorophores does overlap a significant part of both drug space and natural products space. Consequently, fluorophores do indeed offer a much wider opportunity than had possibly been realised to be used as surrogate uptake molecules in the competitive or trans-stimulation assay of membrane transporter activities.
A comparative study of the capacity of mesenchymal stromal cell lines to form spheroids
Authors: Deynoux Margaux , Sunter Nicola , Ducrocq Elfi , Dakik Hassan , Guibon Roseline , Burlaud-Gaillard Julien , Brisson Lucie , le Nail Louis-Romée , Hérault Olivier , Domenech Jorge , Roingeard Philippe , Fromont Gaëlle , Mazurier Frédéric 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived spheroid models favor maintenance of stemness, ex vivo expansion and transplantation efficacy. Spheroids may also be considered as useful surrogate models of the hematopoietic niche. However, accessibility to primary cells, from bone marrow (BM) or adipose tissues, may limit their experimental use and the lack of consistency in methods to form spheroids may affect data interpretation. In this study, we aimed to create a simple model by examining the ability of cell lines, from human (HS-27a and HS-5) and murine (MS-5) BM origins, to form spheroids, compared to primary human MSCs (hMSCs). Our protocol efficiently allowed the spheroid formation from all cell types within 24 hours. Whilst hMSCs-derived spheroids began to shrink after twenty-four hours, the size of spheroids derived from cell lines remained constant during three weeks. The difference was partially explained by the balance between proliferation and cell death, which could be triggered by hypoxia and induced oxidative stress. Our results demonstrate that, unlike hMSCs, MSC cell lines make reproductible spheroids that are easily handled. Thus, this model could help in understanding mechanisms involved in MSC functions and may provide a simple model by which to study cell interactions in the BM niche.
Micronutrient composition and microbial community analysis across diverse landraces of the Ethiopian orphan crop enset
Authors: Tamrat Solomon , Borrell James S. , Biswas Manosh K. , Gashu Dawd , Wondimu Tigist , Vásquez-Londoño Carlos A. , Heslop-Harrison Pat J.S. , Demissew Sebsebe , Wilkin Paul , Howes Melanie-Jayne R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEnset (Ensete ventricosum) is a major starch staple and food security crop for 20 million people. Despite substantial diversity in morphology, genetics, agronomy and utilization across its range, nutritional characteristics have only been reported in relatively few landraces. Here, we survey nutritional composition in 22 landraces from three enset growing regions. We present mineral characterization of enset corm tissue, free amino acid characterization of raw and processed (fermented) tissues and genomic analysis of the microbial community associated with fermentation. We show that compared to regionally important tubers and cereals, enset is high in calcium, iron, potassium and zinc and low in sodium. We report changes in free amino acid composition due to processing, and establish that the bacteria generaAcetobacter,LactobacillusandBifidobacterium, predominate during fermentation. Nutritional and microbial variation presents opportunities to select for improved composition, quality or safety with potentially significant impacts in food security and public health.
Optimising risk-based surveillance for early detection of invasive plant pathogens
Authors: Mastin Alexander J. , Gottwald Timothy R. , van den Bosch Frank , Cunniffe Nik J. , Parnell Stephen R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases of plants continue to devastate ecosystems and livelihoods worldwide. Effective management requires surveillance to detect epidemics at an early stage. However, despite the increasing use of risk-based surveillance programs in plant health, it remains unclear how best to target surveillance resources to achieve this. We combine a spatially explicit model of pathogen entry and spread with a statistical model of detection and use a stochastic optimisation routine to identify which arrangement of surveillance sites maximises the probability of detecting an invading epidemic. Our approach reveals that it is not always optimal to target the highest risk sites, and that the optimal strategy differs depending on, not only patterns of pathogen entry and spread, but also the choice of detection method. We use the example of the economically important arboreal disease huanglongbing to demonstrate how our approach outperforms conventional methods of targeted surveillance.
AAAJ, thematic special issues and research innovation: revisiting the next decade
Authors: Carnegie Garry D. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Expanding upon the special issue entitled “The special issue: AAAJ and research innovation”, published in 2012, this introduction to the second special issue of the genre is concerned with selected thematic special issues of AAAJ appearing during the second decade of publication from 1998 to 2007. The paper explores research innovation by means of the thematic issues addressed from this decade.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper provides a background to this special issue and an outline of the articles included. The issue features seven retrospective/prospective articles written by the guest editors of special thematic issues published during 1998 to 2007, supplemented where appropriate by other co-authors or, in one instance, by a new author team.

Findings
The guest editors and other contributing authors sought to identify and discuss the progression of each field since the AAAJ special issue was published, and to assess the impacts of the special issues to this progression, and to propose future research developments in the designated fields.

Research limitations/implications
This commentary on articles published is no substitute for carefully reading these contributions. The papers provide a comprehensive review of key developments in the literature until most recently and explore the opportunities for further innovative interdisciplinary accounting research.

Originality/value
This AAAJ special issue, and the earlier 2012 prototype, constitute a different approach to producing special issues, where the original special issues are revisited with a view to assessing research trends and impacts and to identifying research developments which are ripe for pursuing in each of these interdisciplinary accounting fields.
Histories of teachers in Australia and New Zealand from the 1970s to the present
Authors: Whitehead Kay 
Published: November 2019

PurposeCommencing with publications in the 1970s, the purpose of this paper is to review the historical writing about Australian and New Zealand teachers over the past 50 years.Design/methodology/approachThe paper incorporates men and women who led and taught in domestic spaces, per-school, primary, secondary and higher education. It is structured around publications in theANZHES JournalandHistory of Education Review, and includes research published in other forums as appropriate. The literature review is selective rather than comprehensive.FindingsSince the 1980s, the history of New Zealand and Australian teachers has mostly focussed on women educators in an increasing array of contexts, and incorporated various theoretical perspectives over time.Originality/valueThe paper highlights key themes and identifies potential directions for research into Australian and New Zealand teachers.
Segmenting young adults based on financial management behavior in India
Authors: Bapat Dhananjay Madhukar 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The profiling of young adult financial behavior can help financial service providers and financial advisors to target suitable marketing resources to specific customer segments. The purpose of this paper is to validate the scale for financial management behavior of young adults in an emerging market, segment these individuals and investigate the impact of demographic variables on key dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach
A structured questionnaire is used to validate a financial management behavior scale using data collected from 270 young adults in India. Based on dimensions obtained through factor analysis, cluster analysis is performed to identify young adult segments. Statistical techniques, such as the t-test and one-way analysis of variance, are used to examine the impact of demographic variables on financial management behavioral dimensions.

Findings
The factor analysis confirms three key financial management dimensions: cash management, credit management and savings management. Using cluster analysis, the young adults are segmented into three subgroups: responsible customers, credit-oriented customers and vulnerable customers. Young adults in these groups follow hierarchical patterns in terms of financial management behavior.

Originality/value
Since few studies are available from the standpoint of young adults in emerging markets, this study adds value to the literature by investigating the financial management behavior of young adults in India. Notably, it can serve as a reference for comparing similarities and differences on the basis of financial management behavior with other countries and customer segments.
The Olympic Games and associative sponsorship
Authors: Rutter Richard , Nadeau John , Aagerup Ulf , Lettice Fiona 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the brand relationships between a mega-sports event, the Olympic Games, and its branded main sponsors, using the lens of brand personality.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses the internet-based website communications of the sponsor and event brands to assess congruence in brand personality identity exhibited in the communications of sponsors and how these relate to the event brand itself. A lexical analysis of the website text identifies and graphically represents the dominant brand personality traits of the brands relative to each other.

Findings
The results show the Olympic Games is communicating excitement as a leading brand personality dimension. Sponsors of the Olympics largely take on its dominant brand dimension, but do not adapt their whole brand personality to that of the Olympics and benefit by adding excitement without losing their individual character. The transference is more pronounced for long-running sponsors.

Practical implications
Sponsorship of the Olympic Games does give brands the opportunity to capture or borrow the excitement dimension alongside building or reinforcing their own dominant brand personality trait or to begin to subtly alter their brand positioning.

Originality/value
This study is the first to examine how the sponsor’s brand aligns with the event being sponsored as a basis for developing a strong shared image and associative dimensions complimentary to the positioning of the brand itself.
Real-time PID control of a novel RCM mechanism designed and manufactured for use in laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Aksungur Serhat , Aydin Muhammet , Yakut Oğuz 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to design and manufacture a new remote center of motion (RCM) mechanism for use in laparoscopic surgical operations. In addition, obtaining the forward and inverse kinematic equations of the RCM mechanism and performing real-time position control with the Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) control method.

Design/methodology/approach
At the design stage, it is benefited from similar triangle rule. To obtain the kinematic equations in a simple way and facilitate control, two-fold displacement ratio is provided between the limbs where linear motion occurs. The rotation and displacement amounts required to move at the RCM point have been calculated by using the kinematic equations of the mechanism. Limb dimensions and motion limits are determined in the manner to avoid singularities and collisions. The x, y and z coordinates of the end effector have been defined as the reference point. Control of the mechanism was provided by PID control. To generate the user interface and control algorithm, MATLAB/Simulink real-time toolbox has been used. Four reference points were determined, control was performed and position error values were examined. MF634 Humusoft data acquisition card has been preferred to collect data from encoders.

Findings
A novel RCM mechanism has been designed and manufactured. Kinematic equations of this mechanism have been obtained. Position control of the cannula tip has been performed using PID control method for four different reference points. After settlement, maximum position error has been observed as 0.45 mm.

Practical implications
Structure of the designed mechanism is quite simple. Thus, costs are quite low. The operation area of the operator is widened by hanging the mechanism from the ceiling, so operational capability of health personnel is increasing. It helps to decrease the operation time and increase the success of the operation.

Originality/value
With this study, it is aimed to contribute to the literature by designing a new RCM mechanism. The rotation of the mechanism around the RCM point is provided by only one rotary motor, and the displacement of the RCM point in the vertical axis is provided by only one linear motor. The mechanism is also a surgical robot. The designed system is suitable for use in robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in terms of maneuverability.
Household consumption change in the context of labour market changes in Japan during 1984–2014
Authors: Bachmann Janika 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how labour market changes impact the change in the aggregated household consumption, which is a topic that is under-researched in Japan.Design/methodology/approachThe author uses a three-step approach. The first step is a descriptive overview of the trends for cohort, age and year. The second step is to test the variation attributable to age-period-cohort interactions using APC analysis. The third step is to check if identifiable linear trend exists between the consumption changes and the labour market changes.FindingsThe analysis shows that major labour market changesper sedo not contribute to household consumption adjustment. Meanwhile, the labour market conditions at the time of joining the labour force may be more important in shaping consumption during working life period than labour market changes during employment.Research limitations/implicationsThe cohorts are created based on birth years, which is a limitation imposed by the data availability rather than characteristics of the population group. The main reason behind the limited data points is the survey being conducted every five years and 2014 being the most recent year for which the data are available.Originality/valueResearch about cohort consumption in Japan is limited to the consumption composition changes or to the growing population of unmarried singles. This analysis will examine how labour market changes impact the change in the aggregated household consumption, which is a topic that is under-researched in Japan. In the analysis, the author uses the Python APC model and Python statsmodel OLS regression, providing the notebooks with code and full results in Appendices.
Vellozioid roots allow for habitat specialization among rock‐ and soil‐dwelling Velloziaceae in campos rupestres
Authors: Abrahão Anna , de Britto Costa Patricia , Teodoro Grazielle S. , Lambers Hans , Nascimento Diego L. , Adrián López de Andrade Sara , Ryan Megan H. , Silva Oliveira Rafael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Plant growth on harsh substrates (habitat specialization) requires specific traits to cope with stressful conditions.

We tested whether traits related to nutrient acquisition (root colonization by fungal symbionts, and plant morphological and physiological specializations), and nutrient use (leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and N‐ and P‐remobilization efficiency), were related to habitat specialization for 27 species of Velloziaceae growing either in soil or on rocks in extremely P‐impoverished campos rupestres habitats. If habitat specialization were to drive trait sorting, then we expect traits to differ between those substrates.

Both soil and rock‐dwelling species presented a very low proportion of root length colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark‐septate fungi. However, rhizosheaths were only observed in soil‐dwelling species, and vellozioid roots, a specialization that allows for mining P and dissolving quartzite rock, were mostly found in rock‐dwelling species. We did not observe differences in nutrient‐use traits between rock‐ and soil‐dwelling species.

Root specializations are strongly correlated with microhabitats, and the presence of vellozioid roots seems to mediate bare rock specialization. There is an overall P limitation of plant productivity both on rock and in soil of campos rupestres, which does not drive the sorting of traits related to above‐ground nutrient use and symbiotic P acquisition. Therefore, nutrient impoverishment is indeed a very strong environmental filter in campos rupestres as a whole, but habitat specialization plays an important role in the spatial distribution of Velloziaceae between contrasting substrates.
Antioxidant activities of enzymatic‐hydrolysed proteins of dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) colostrum
Authors: Oussaief Olfa , Jrad Zeineb , Adt Isabelle , Dbara Mohamed , Khorchani Touhami , El‐Hatmi Halima 
Published: November 2019

This work investigated the antioxidant activities of dromedary colostrum proteins before and after hydrolysis by pepsin, trypsin, α‐chymotrypsin, pancreatin and papain. The enzymatic hydrolysis affected the degrees of hydrolysis, electrophoretic profiles, molecular weight distribution and hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties of the generated peptides. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using four antioxidant assays, including 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical‐scavenging activities, ferric reducing power and ferrous ion chelating activity. Interestingly, the antioxidant activities of dromedary colostrum proteins were enhanced after enzymatic hydrolysis. The highest antioxidant potential was obtained by pancreatic hydrolysates (P ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that dromedary colostrum protein hydrolysates are an important source of natural antioxidant peptides.
Ficus carica L. leaf anatomy: Trichomes and solid inclusions
Authors: Giordano Cristiana , Maleci Laura , Agati Giovanni , Petruccelli Raffaella 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFicus carica L., a typical plant of the Mediterranean environment, presents leaves covered by an extensive indumentum, and a mesophyll full of solid inclusions. The morphology and ultrastructure of the trichomes, calcium carbonate cystoliths and silicified structures of leaves of F. carica cv Dottato were investigated with light, confocal, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. At the same time, histochemical reactions were also employed to analyse the indumentum composed by glandular and non‐glandular trichomes by applying chemical reagents and fluorescence microscopy. Non‐glandular and glandular trichomes, capitate, are described. Non‐glandular trichomes are unicellular simple, spine‐like and present different morphology and sizes. The capitate glandular trichomes are present on leaf adaxial and abaxial surface and consist of one‐celled stalk and 3/4 cells spherical head. Histochemical characterisation of leaf hairs revealed the presence of flavonoids, while glandular trichome head cells showed a complex mixture of alkaloids, essential oil and flavonoids. Cu and Al were found in the constitutive structures, spike and dome, of the cystoliths. Several epidermal cells and non‐glandular trichomes were silicified. Leaf hairs, trichomes secretions, solid inclusions and silicification of F. carica leaf have significant roles to play in relation to leaf protection from external factors, including high‐intensity radiation, herbivores or pathogens.
Relationship between onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) and Stemphylium vesicarium in the development of Stemphylium leaf blight in onion
Authors: Leach Ashley , Hay Frank , Harding Riley , Damann Kellie C. , Nault Brian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStemphylium leaf blight caused by Stemphylium vesicarium and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are two common causes of leaf damage in onion production. Onion thrips is known to interact synergistically with pathogens to exacerbate plant disease. However, the potential relationship between onion thrips and Stemphylium leaf blight is unknown. In a series of controlled laboratory and field trials, the relationship between thrips feeding and movement on the development and severity of Stemphylium leaf blight were examined. In laboratory assays, onions (“Avalon” and “Ailsa Craig”) with varying levels of thrips feeding damage were inoculated with S. vesicarium. Pathogen colonisation and leaf dieback were measured after 2 weeks. In pathogen transfer assays, thrips were exposed to S. vesicarium conidia, transferred to onion and leaf disease development was monitored. In field trials, insecticide use was examined as a potential indirect means to reduce Stemphylium leaf blight disease and pathogen colonisation by reducing thrips damage. Results from laboratory trials revealed that a reduction in thrips feeding decreased S. vesicarium colonisation of onion leaves by 2.3–2.9 times, and decreased leaf dieback by 40–50%. Additionally, onion thrips were capable of transferring S. vesicarium conidia to onion plants (albeit at a low frequency of 2–14% of plants inoculated). In field trials, the symptoms and colonisation of Stemphylium leaf blight were reduced by 27 and 17%, respectively with the use of insecticide to control thrips. These results suggest that onion thrips may play a significant role in the development of Stemphylium leaf blight, and thrips control may reduce disease in commercial onion fields.