bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zirconium and Hafnium Complexes of Enantiopure Iminophosphonamides
Authors: Goswami Bhupendra , Yadav Ravi , Joshi Hemant , Roy Partha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article reports the design, synthesis, and characterization of four novel metal complexes of zirconium and hafnium stabilized by two enantiopure iminophosphonamide ligands. Enantiopure iminophosphonamines (R)‐HPEPIA [(R)‐PEPIA = P, P‐diphenyl‐N, N’‐bis((R)‐1‐ phenylethyl)phosphinimidic amide] and (R)‐HPEDippPIA [(R)‐PEDippPIA = P, Pdiphenyl‐N‐((R)‐1‐phenylethyl), N’‐(2’,6’‐diisopropylaniline) phosphinimidic amide] were reacted with M(NMe2)4 (M=Zr, Hf) in equimolar ratio to produce metal complexes [{(R)‐PEPIA}M(NMe2)3] (M=Zr (1), Hf (2)) and [{(R)‐PEDippPIA}M(NMe2)3] (M=Zr (3), Hf (4)), respectively. All these metal complexes were characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy; the structure elucidation was done by single crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. Moreover, the catalytic efficiency of the complexes was investigated towards hydroboration and intramolecular hydroamination reactions.
A General Protocol for the Aqueous Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Reaction between Cyclic Enones and 1,2‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Rodrigues Manoel T. , Claudio Serafim José , Santos Hugo , Arantes João , Julia Senna Ana , Acconcia Lais V. , Moyano Albert , Coelho Fernando 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this report, we present an extensive methodological study of the aqueous Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction of a range of cycloenones with di‐ and tricarbonyl compounds, such as glyoxal derivatives, aliphatic and aromatic α‐keto esters, 1,2‐diketones, diethyl ketomalonate, ninhydrin, acenaphthenequinone, and phenanthrene‐9,10‐dione, through mediation of a bicyclic imidazolyl alcohol (BIA) as catalyst in aqueous medium. The desired MBH adducts were obtained in up to 98 % yield. The synthetic applicability of the MBH adducts was demonstrated by the preparation of an acenaphtho[1,2‐b]indole derivative.
Fibromyalgia severity and symptoms are associated with the disorders of gut–brain interaction
Authors: Erdrich Sharon , Harnett Joanna E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionFibromyalgia remains an idiopathic common disorder characterised by widespread pain with no universally accepted treatment. Irritable bowel syndrome is prevalent among women living with fibromyalgia. The prevalence of other disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) and associations with fibromyalgia symptoms and severity is unknown.ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of the range of DGBI and associations with the symptoms and severity of fibromyalgia in women.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted in New Zealand in 2022. A comprehensive survey included validated measures to identify DGBI (Rome IV) and items assessing the severity of fibromyalgia and pain symptoms, sleep quality, quality of life, mental health and migraine. Analysis was conducted employing Spearman's rho, Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis and chi‐square tests.ResultsA total of 111 adult women with fibromyalgia enrolled in the study. Of these, 98 (93%) met the criteria for at least one DGBI, and 67 (68%) satisfied criteria for more than one. All groups of DGBI, and 11 specific DGBI were significantly associated with measures of pain, fibromyalgia severity, sleep problems and migraine (p < 0.05). Severity of pain and symptoms associated with fibromyalgia, including sleep problems, were also significantly associated with the functional bowel disorder severity index.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the prevalence of DGBI in women with fibromyalgia extends beyond irritable bowel syndrome. Presence of multiple DGBI correlates with pain, severity indices of fibromyalgia and sleep problems. Further research is required to examine the aetiology of DGBI in this population.Significance StatementThis observational study has identified important relationships between the broader DGBI, fibromyalgia pain and associated symptoms, particularly migraine and sleep disturbance. Notable correlations between the severity indices of each are demonstrated, suggesting that improvements in one domain may reduce pain and improve overall well‐being. These findings highlight the importance of addressing each clinical feature of the condition when supporting patients with fibromyalgia.
A Prototype Process for Demulsification of Waste Ice Cream
Authors: Garcia Rafael A. , Liang Chen , Plumier Benjamin M. , Lee Changhoon , Bumanlag Lorelie P. , Renye John A. , Tomasula Peggy M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRecovery of the butterfat in waste ice cream may be an opportunity to mitigate food and economic loss. Previous efforts to recover such fat have succeeded in producing a fat‐enriched fraction but have not succeeded in demulsifying the fat. In the present study, a method involving a sequence of emulsion‐breaking steps is shown to be effective for releasing a majority of the fat from waste ice cream as free, unemulsified oil. The effect of altering process conditions including enzyme type, pH, and incubation temperature is reported. Depending on the test conditions and the variety of ice cream used, typically 59%–81% of the fat was recovered, with varying degrees of hydrolytic and oxidative damage. As the method is relatively complex, an experiment which omitted individual processing steps demonstrated that each step was required for high recovery. Success with 4 of 5 tested varieties showed that the method has reasonably broad applicability. The results are compared with those achieved using a standardized solvent extraction method. Finally, the method is evaluated for its potential as the basis for a commercial WIC fat recovery process.
The European Underground and Tunnel Forum (EUTF) –Developments and Outlook
Authors: Leca Eric 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe European Underground and Tunnel Forum (EUTF) was formed in 2019, at the initiative of eight – and subsequently nine – Member Nations of the International Tunnelling and Underground Space Association (ITA) who wanted to achieve a closer collaboration at a European level and address matters at stake for the tunnelling and underground space profession. After presenting the members of the Forum and its objectives, the paper describes the strategy, organization and actions undertaken since its formation. Some insights are provided on the perspective for future developments.
Catecholaminergic Modulation of Large‐Scale Network Dynamics Is Tied to the Reconfiguration of Corticostriatal Connectivity
Authors: Hill Justine A. , Korponay Cole , Salmeron Betty Jo , Ross Thomas J. , Janes Amy C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLarge‐scale brain network function is critical for healthy cognition, yet links between such network function, neurochemistry, and smaller‐scale neurocircuitry are unclear. Here, we evaluated 59 healthy individuals using resting‐state fMRI to determine how network‐level temporal dynamics were impacted by two well‐characterized pharmacotherapies targeting catecholamines: methylphenidate (20 mg) and haloperidol (2 mg)—administered via randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled design. Network temporal dynamic changes were tested for links with drug‐induced alterations in complex corticostriatal connections as this circuit is a primary site of action for both drugs. Methylphenidate increased time in the default mode network state (DMN p < 0.001) and dorsal attention network state (DAN p < 0.001) and reduced time in the frontoparietal network state (p < 0.01). Haloperidol increased time in a sensory motor‐DMN state (p < 0.01). The magnitude of change in network dynamics induced by methylphenidate vs. placebo correlated with the magnitude of methylphenidate‐induced rearrangement of complex corticostriatal connectivity (R = 0.32, p = 0.014). Haloperidol did not alter complex corticostriatal connectivity. Methylphenidate enhanced time in network states involved in internal and external attention (DMN and DAN, respectively), aligning with methylphenidate's established role in attention. Methylphenidate also significantly changed complex corticostriatal connectivity by altering the relative strength between multiple corticostriatal connections, indicating that methylphenidate may shift which corticostriatal connections are prioritized relative to others. Findings show that these corticostriatal circuit changes are linked with large‐scale network temporal dynamics. Collectively, these findings provide a deeper understanding of large‐scale network function, set a stage for mechanistic understanding of network engagement, and provide useful information to guide medication use based on network‐level effects.Trial Registration: Registry name: ClinicalTrials.gov; URL: Brain Networks and Addiction Susceptibility—Full Text View—ClinicalTrials.gov; URL Plain text: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01924468; Identifier: NCT01924468
Novel approaches in myelofibrosis
Authors: Koschmieder Steffen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMyelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal myeloid neoplasm characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, splenomegaly, and disease‐associated symptoms, as well as increased mortality, due to thrombosis, severe bleeding, infections, or progression to acute leukemia. Currently, the management of MF patients is tailored according to risk scores, with higher‐risk (intermediate‐2 and high‐risk) patients being assessed for allogeneic stem cell transplantation, which remains the only potentially curative treatment option. On the other hand, lower risk (low‐ and intermediate‐1 risk) patients who are symptomatic may be treated with JAK inhibitors or other drugs. However, none of these drug treatments have induced relevant rates of durable complete remissions, and, therefore, novel treatments are needed to improve the long‐term outcomes of MF patients. This review summarizes current preclinical and clinical approaches to MF therapy, including novel drug combinations involving JAK inhibitors and innovative monotherapies. These drugs target transcription, nuclear export, survival pathways, or various intracellular pathways, ranging from JAK‐STAT signaling to PI3‐Kinase, TP53, PIM1, or S100A8/A9/toll‐like receptor pathways. Also, extracellular targeting using interferon, calreticulin mutant‐specific antibodies, and other immunotherapeutic approaches are discussed, as well as various antifibrotic strategies. In addition, preclinical approaches that target individual mutated clones, for example, by mutation‐specific JAK2V617F inhibitors or DNA repair pathway inhibitors, are presented. Finally, current efforts of generating novel endpoints for clinical trials aim more at disease modification and overall survival than at improvements of splenomegaly or symptoms. Together, the new generations of clinical trials promise to offer substantial improvements in the management of MF patients and long‐term disease control.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Paediatric: Challenges for the Future
Authors: Salih Ahmed M. , Menegaz Gloria , Pillay Thillagavathie , Boyle Elaine M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundExplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) emerged to improve the transparency of machine learning models and increase understanding of how models make actions and decisions. It helps to present complex models in a more digestible form from a human perspective. However, XAI is still in the development stage and must be used carefully in sensitive domains including paediatrics, where misuse might have adverse consequences.ObjectiveThis commentary paper discusses concerns and challenges related to implementation and interpretation of XAI methods, with the aim of rising awareness of the main concerns regarding their adoption in paediatrics.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was undertaken to explore the challenges of adopting XAI in paediatrics.ResultsAlthough XAI has several favorable outcomes, its implementation in paediatrics is prone to challenges including generalizability, trustworthiness, causality and intervention, and XAI evaluation.ConclusionPaediatrics is a very sensitive domain where consequences of misinterpreting AI outcomes might be very significant. XAI should be adopted carefully with focus on evaluating the outcomes primarily by including paediatricians in the loop, enriching the pipeline by injecting domain knowledge promoting a cross‐fertilization perspective aiming at filling the gaps still preventing its adoption.
Implementation of a Realistic Multicell CFD Model to Investigate the Thermal Characteristics Within a Solar PV Module
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Subbarao P. M. V. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe thermal characteristics within a solar photovoltaic (PV) module are vital in determining its real field power output and lifetime. The structural and thermal complexities within a PV module have often been ignored in the past CFD‐based research works. However, those complexities can substantially impact the thermal diffusion occurring within the module. The present study proposes a realistic multilayered multicell model in which the PV cells are considered as multiple distinct domains with encapsulant‐filled discontinuities. The model is validated with experimental results and then implemented to investigate the cell temperature, thermal profile, and temperature gradients within a free‐standing PV module in various wind conditions. The low thermal conductance of discontinuities among PV cells is found to be the key factor in raising the cell temperature 2°C–3°C above the back temperature. The current mismatch loss due to temperature nonuniformity is estimated to be up to 0.28% for a 50 W module and should be higher in bigger‐size modules. Very high‐temperature gradients (order of 103°C/m) are observed in the encapsulant and backsheet layers near the cell edges, which can lead to high thermal stress and consequent degradation. The back temperature, temperature pattern along the surface, and location of hotter zones remain largely unaffected by the discontinuities among PV cells.
Independent or Freelance Mobile Application Development in Ghana: Unraveling Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Ansong Eric , Barnor Nii Barnor Jonathan , Boateng Sheena Lovia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to unravel the opportunities and challenges encountered by independent or freelance mobile application (App) developers in Ghana. The study employed a qualitative approach by organizing a focus group discussion among eight freelance mobile application developers and engaging them individually when needed. The analysis was done by drawing themes from the tape‐recorded interviews. After the data analysis, it was discovered that the mobile application space in Ghana is male‐dominated. Factors influencing independent mobile application development are monetary and intrinsic rewards, increasing demand for smartphones, gamification through mobile App development contests, access to free online resources, and government initiatives leveraging mobile applications to enhance governance and fight corruption. Comparatively, the challenges unearthed are the unregulated mobile App industry, the unpredictable nature of advancements in application development languages, and the global competitiveness of the application development space. This study outlines the research implications and recommendations for stakeholders. The originality of this study stems from the fact that it is one of the first studies on mobile application development from the freelance developers' perspective, which emanates from a developing economy context.
Molecular Genetic and Clinical Characteristics of Fetuses With Chromosome 16 Short‐Arm Microdeletions/Microduplications
Authors: Cai Meiying , Lin Na , Guo Nan , Huang Hailong , Fan Xiangqun , Fu Meimei , Zhang Min , Xu Liangpu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe short arm of chromosome 16 is highly susceptible to homologous recombination through nonallelic genes. This results in microdeletions/microduplications that can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. However, incomplete penetrance and phenotypic diversity after birth exacerbate the uncertainty in prenatal genetic counseling.MethodsA total of 24,000 cases with prenatal diagnoses were retrospectively analyzed. Chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) was performed on 17,000 cases, of which 81 (0.48%) had chromosome 16 short‐arm microdeletions/microduplications.ResultsOf the 81 fetuses with chromosome 16 short‐arm microdeletions/microduplications, 36 and 28 had 16p11.2 and 16p13.11 microdeletions/microduplications, respectively. Ten, four, and three fetuses had 16p12.2, 16p13.12p13.11, and 16p13.12p1.3 microdeletions, respectively. Among the 36 fetuses with 16p11.2 microdeletions/microduplications, 33 had abnormal intrauterine ultrasound phenotypes, the most common being skeletal system abnormalities. Among the 28 fetuses with 16p13.11 microdeletions/microduplications, 19 had abnormal intrauterine ultrasound phenotypes, including 15 with abnormal ultrasonic soft markers. Among the 10 fetuses with the 16p12.2 microdeletions, six had abnormal ultrasound findings, and four had skeletal system abnormalities. After genetic counseling, 44 patients were selected and tested for family verification, of which 22 were de novo, while 22 were inherited from phenotypically normal parents. Among the 47 live births, 39 had no abnormalities.ConclusionAll fetuses with the 16p13.11 microdeletions/microduplications, and 16p12.2, 16p13.12p13.11, and 16p13.12p1.3 microdeletions were healthy after birth. Hence, chromosome 16 short‐arm microdeletions/microduplications should not be the sole basis for abandoning pregnancy, and clinicians should consider prenatal diagnostic data to maximize diagnostic accuracy.
No decision about me, without me: Collaborating with young people in mental health research
Authors: Lloyd Alex , Wu Tom (Chin‐Han) , Lucas Laura , Agunbiade Adeola , Saleh Romana , Fearon Pasco , Viding Essi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInvolving young people with lived experience in youth mental health research is important. In recognition of the value of collaborating with experts by experience, international funders are increasingly mandating that mental health research is developed by teams that include individuals from the population of study. Yet, research into how Patient Public Involvement, specifically co‐production and co‐design, is implemented in youth mental health research is limited to date. The current review examined this question and identified common practices for collaborating with experts by experience in young people's mental health research. Academic databases were systematically searched for studies that had involved young people in mental health research, had described these activities, and had reported some demographic information about the experts by experience. From a total of 2130 studies that were screened, 37 studies were eligible for inclusion. The use of co‐production and co‐design spanned a wide range of topics, including interventions, digital support tools and psychometric studies. Interactive workshops were the primary method of engaging experts by experience, although some studies utilised interviews or focus groups. From the reviewed studies we identified common methodological practices including: Scene setting, utilising a cyclical process, ensuring appropriate engagement and recognition of the cultural context. We draw on these findings to suggest common methods for conducting co‐production and co‐design activities, and emphasise the importance of ensuring experts by experience are respected and safeguarded throughout their collaboration in research. We also outline areas that deserve future attention and development, and include a response from two young people aged 16–18 and their suggestions for improving and extending co‐production methods.
Relationship of foot pain with the increased risk of falls in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jiménez‐Cebrián Ana María , Ruiz‐Sánchez Francisco Javier , Losa‐Iglesias Marta Elena , Becerro‐de‐Bengoa‐Vallejo Ricardo , López‐López Daniel , Montiel‐Luque Alonso , de Labra Carmen , Saavedra‐García Miguel Ángel , Navarro‐Flores Emmanuel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionFalls are one of the most frequent difficulties in patients with Parkinson's disease. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between foot pain and the risk of falls in participants with Parkinson’s disease compared to a group of participants without Parkinson’s disease.Materials and MethodsThe subjects (124) were divided into two groups, cases (n = 62) and controls (n = 62). They completed the Downton scale that collects the following 5 dimensions: previous falls, medications, sensory deficit, mental state, and ambulation.ResultsAnalyzing the Downton scale using dimensions, a significant difference was observed between both groups in all dimensions except mental state. Regarding the global result of risk of falls, the participants who had a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease presented a high risk of falls, 40.3% compared to 3.2% of the non‐Parkinson’s disease group, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). For the numerical value of the Downton scale, there was a clear statistically significant difference between groups (2.65 ± 0.96 vs. 1.31 ± 1.19).ConclusionThis research confirms further evidence that people with Parkinson’s disease who suffer from foot pain are at high risk of falling, regardless of gender.
Clinical and high‐resolution manometry of 801 patients with esophageal dysmotility, including achalasia, in relation to age
Authors: Ghoshal Uday C , Kulkarni Akshay , Shirol Vivek V , Elhence Anshuman , Fatima Bushra , Agrahari Anand P , Misra Asha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and AimSpectrum of esophageal motility disorders may differ according to age, but studies on this are scanty, contradictory, and included small number of patients. Accordingly, we retrospectively analyzed data of a large sample of patients to study the spectrum of esophageal motility disorders in relation to age, and to evaluate the clinical profile and high‐resolution manometry parameters and achalasia subtypes according to Chicago IV criteria.MethodsOf 909 patients evaluated by high‐resolution water perfusion or solid‐state manometry during a 3‐year period, data on 801 were finally analyzed.ResultsAchalasia cardia was the commonest motility disorder of esophagus in this large study and type II was the commonest subtype. There was no difference in clinical and manometry parameters among elderly patients as compared to younger patients with achalasia. Type I achalasia patients less often had chest pain and tended to have nocturnal coughing spells more often, and patients with achalasia experiencing chest pain tended to have higher distal contractile integral (DCI) than those not having pain irrespective of age.ConclusionThe clinical and high‐resolution manometry parameters among young and elderly patients with esophageal motility disorders are quite comparable. However, these differed in relation to achalasia subtypes and symptoms. Type I achalasia patients less often had chest pain and those experiencing chest pain tended to have higher DCI values than those not having pain irrespective of age.