bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rescaling the complex network of low-temperature plasma chemistry through graph-theoretical analysis
Authors: Murakami Tomoyuki , Sakai Osamu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We propose graph-theoretical analysis for extracting inherent information from complex plasma chemistry and devise a systematic way to rescale the network under the following key criteria: (1) maintain the scale-freeness and self-similarity in the network topology and (2) select the primary species considering its topological centrality. Network analysis of reaction sets clarifies that the scale-freeness emerging from a weak preferential mechanism reflects the uniqueness of plasma-induced chemistry. The effect of chemistry rescaling on the dynamics and chemistry of the He + O2 plasma is quantified through numerical simulations. The present chemical compression dramatically reduces the computational load, whereas the concentration profiles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remain largely unchanged across a broad range of time, space and oxygen admixture fraction. The proposed analytical approach enables us to exploit the full potential of expansive chemical reaction data and would serve as a guideline for creating chemical reaction models.
Dependence of phantom current in a metal vapor laser on electrode geometry
Authors: Singh Dheeraj K , Dikshit B , Vijayan R , Nayak A , Mishra S K , Mukherjee Jaya , Rawat V S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It is observed that the discharge current in a copper vapor laser rises prior to the voltage breakdown. This current, which appears almost 50 ns before the discharge breakdown and is equivalent to almost 70% of the peak current at the time of breakdown, is termed the phantom current. It is reported that by reducing the residual electron density (phantom current) in a metal vapor laser (MVL), its performance can be significantly improved. Metallic pins are used in the electrode to facilitate discharge in the long discharge tube. Besides augmenting the discharge during the initial stage, it has a significant impact on the laser performance. In this paper, we find out the correlation between the phantom current and the electrode pin geometry and then present the optimum electrode geometry for improved laser performance. It was observed that the number of pins in the electrode affects the localized electric field in the nearby region and plays a dominant role in the quantum of the phantom current in the discharge tube of the laser. The MVL system was tested with electrodes that had a different number of pins (zero, eight and 36) and it was found that the phantom current is minimum when the electrode has zero pins and highest with an eight-pin electrode.
Satellite-observed changes of surface spectral reflectances due to solar farming and the implication for radiation budget
Authors: Fan Chongxing , Huang Xianglei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Increased deployment of solar farms in the last decade is coincident with continued monitoring of surface spectral reflectances by the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometers (MODIS) aboard NASA Aqua satellite. By analyzing the surface spectral reflectances retrieved at seven MODIS shortwave bands, this study quantifies the changes of surface spectral reflectances caused by solar farms commissioned in the southwestern US. Our case study using one solar farm indicates a 20%–25% reduction of surface reflectance over the seven MODIS bands due to the solar panel installation. Radiative transfer calculation shows that such a reduction in surface spectral reflectance leads to a ∼23% decrease in the upward shortwave broadband flux at the surface and a ∼14%–18% decrease in the clear-sky reflected shortwave flux at the top of atmosphere (TOA). Though the MODIS surface reflectance retrievals can be affected by other factors such as aerosol or thin-cirrus contaminations, five out of six solar farm sites analyzed here show unambiguously detectable changes of surface reflectances due to solar panel installations. The brighter the surface is at a given MODIS band before the solar-farm construction, the larger the spectral reflectance reduction tends to be. If all the bright deserts, which occupies about 4% of the global surface, were covered with the solar panels similar to what has been studied here, the estimated instantaneous TOA shortwave radiative forcing would be no more than 1.1 W m−2.
Higher Resolution Input Image of Convolutional Neural Network of Reinforced Concrete Earthquake-Generated Crack Classification and Localization
Authors: Sadrawi Muammar , Husaini  , Yunus Jalaluddin , Irwansyah  , Abbod Maysam F. , Shieh Jiann-Shing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
According United States Geological Survey, Aceh is the northwestern part in Indonesia that has been affected by numerous strong earthquakes since 2004 tsunami. These earthquakes have generated massive impact to the buildings around the area, especially for the reinforced concrete based buildings. One of the most important problems to the reinforced concrete is the earthquake-generated crack. In this study, the dataset from the normal and cracked reinforce concrete are collected by taking the normal and cracked images. Several convolutional neural network models are implemented such as LeNet based models. These models are initially applied to recognize either normal or cracked conditions. Eventually, for the last stage, the localization of the crack is visualized by imposing the original images. For the localization, this study also evaluates the relatively smaller and bigger cracks. The results show the higher input image with modified LeNet generates better results compared to the basic model in superimposing the localized crack.
Power density comparison of multi-air gap axial flux permanent magnet motor for electric vehicle
Authors: Tadjuddin M , Hasanuddin I , Fuadi Z , Mukminin A , Arief M R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Electric vehicles are a necessity now, especially in the future. The efficiency of electric vehicles continues to be improved, especially in the drive system or electric motor. One type of electric motor used in an electric vehicle that has high efficiency and power density is permanent magnet axial flux motor. This paper explains the comparison of power density on two designs of axial flux motor. A single and multi-air gap axial flux motors had been compared. The finite element method (FEM) simulation is used to determine the power and volume of those motors. The results presented that the two air gaps power density axial flux motors were 195,3 W/kg while those multi air-gap motor with four air gaps had 283.6 W/kg. The results shoes that four air-gap has a bigger power density than two air-gaps.
Analytical study vessel design of the portable patchouli oil steam boiler based on vacuum technology
Authors: Razali A , Mubarak A Z , Alkindi M , Aprilia N H , Idram I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aceh geography is suitable for growing pogostemon cablin with high quality. Traditionally, patchouli oil extraction is carried out using distillation techniques. However, the results are unsatisfactory due to impurities substances presence in the boilers. High energy wastage is common in the traditional distillation technique process due to improper vessel design. The study aims to design and rate the vessel of portable distillate patchouli oil based on vacuum technology. The simplified vessel design and proposed vessel design were then tasted to find a proper design with respect to ASME boilers and pressure-related VIII Vessel Code. However, internal and external pressure employed in both design and operation, given that the simplified model is 56.91 MPa and Sa is 116 MPa. The vessel design is yield to proposed model stress (Kmean) ≤ Sa Kmea is 86.13 MPa and Sa is 116 MPa. The analytical calculation and simulation results show that von-mises stress is less than the allowable stress material.
Desorption properties of mechanically milled MgH2 with double catalysts Ni and SiC
Authors: Rahwanto A , Jalil Z , Akhyar  , Handoko E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The study of the MgH2 double-catalyzed Ni and SiC based storage system has been done. The objective of this study is to improve the hydrogen desorption temperature and the hydrogen desorption capacity. The material preparation was done through mechanical alloying technique. In this method, the milling of the material was carried out within 5 hours, 10 hours and 15 hours, with the ratio of the ball to the powder was and the speed of 350 rpm with the catalyst insertion catalyst by 5 wt% and 10 wt% SiC. Results from XRD measurements revealed that the sample was successfully reduced to a nanocrystal scale. The phase emerging from the XRD observation is the phase MgH2 as the main phase and followed by Ni and SiC phase as the minor phase. From the observation with SEM showing irregular particle shape, the particle size in the sample is not homogeneous because of the agglomeration effect and cold welding that causes the particle size to look large. The hydrogen release capacity was obtained in the samples which were milled for 10 hours at the weight of 5 wt% Ni-SiC catalyst with the release of 2.6 wt%. Based on observation with thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), the lowest temperature was obtained in the samples which were milled 10 hours with catalyst 5 wt% SiC, which was 365 °C.
Body Segment Dimensions of Indonesian Male Army
Authors: Iqbal M. , Salam R. , Hasanuddin I. , Hassan A. B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the size of six body segments of the Indonesian Male Army, i. e. stature, leg length, chest depth, chest width, spine length and shoulder high. The particular body segments were believed as the most important body part that related to the strength and load handling capability of humans as reported by researchers. Two hundred and sixty-eight (268) male soldiers have participated as the subjects of this research. The size of the body segments and the body weight were measured by using measuring tape, Martin type anthropometer and digital body weighing scale. The result was analysed to observe the significance of the data as well as to determine the mean, standard deviation, 5th percentile and 95th percentile of the data. The comparison of the mean stature with Indonesian male students and male army of other countries was discussed in the paper. In future research, the result of this study will be used to predict the load handling capability of the Indonesian male army using the biomechanics method.
Economic study in simulating 5 MWp solar farm planning with 2 technologies under Indonesia Feed-in Tariff in Weh Island-Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati S , Iqbal M , Sara I D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Up to now in Weh Island-Aceh, the power energy used comes from the Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) only, where the cost of this electricity production (BPP) reached more than Rp 2,500/kWh. This price is currently higher than the requirement set by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of Rp 1,733/kWh. Because of these significant differences, special attention is needed to examine the natural resources that can be converted into electrical energy with the aim that the energy offered can reduce the price of electricity production. The purpose of this research is to conduct a study that analyses the economic feasibility of investment by considering all economic aspects using HOMER Software. The result shows that the overall value of an investment with Indonesia’s feed-in tariff is feasible. The cost of energy production with si-mono and si-poly technologies was Rp 1,051/kWh and Rp 914/kWh respectively. By the capacity of 5000 kWp, return on investment (ROI) can occur in 10.73 years with si-mono technology and in 8.87 using si-poly technology from 25 years of the current system period. Using the Bank’s interest rate of 5.25%, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is considered feasible to apply because these two technologies illustrated the greater number than the general bank interest rate prevailing in Indonesia.
Cyber Security Issues for IoT based Smart Grid Infrastructure
Authors: Ouaissa Mariya , Ouaissa Mariyam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We have been witnessing for several years the increasing networking of objects of all kinds that were not previously used to communicate. These newly connected objects together form the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). The energy sector is currently exploring the possibilities offered by the Internet of Things. However, for this sector, network intelligence is not a completely new phenomenon. The electrical networks already have information retrieval capacities for their monitoring and control, but these are still limited. The meeting of IoT and Smart Grids opens the way to data collection from all points of the network and in real time. Certain data previously collected in an aggregated manner over large geographic areas could now be collected on a local scale, near production or transmission points, and at a reasonable cost. It is also the massive accumulation of this data and its processing that is possible today. The smart grid is a network for the transport and distribution of electricity that is enhanced by capacities in terms of digital control, surveillance and telecommunications. It provides a two-way, real-time exchange of energy and information between the various players in the electricity chain, from the production site to commercial, industrial and residential users. The energy transition and the new smart grids raise many challenges in terms of industrial cybersecurity. Digital exchanges are intensifying (production, distribution and consumption are interconnected) and the use of connected objects (facilitating remote monitoring, observation and control of the entire value chain) increases the degree of vulnerability of information systems industrial. The cybersecurity of smart grids is today a decisive element in ensuring global security of our global energy systems. The purpose of this work is to present a comprehensive overview of challenges, threats and some solutions of security in IoT based smart grid. We focus in our study in network vulnerabilities, security requirements and cyber-attacks in smart grid in order to determine their impact in the network and give a guide on future research directions for cyber-security in smart grid applications.
Simultaneous and Incremental Approach for Optimal Placement and Sizing of Multiple Distributed Generations in Distribution System for Minimization of Power Losses
Authors: Godha (Dagade) Nisha R , Bapat Vishram N , Korachagaon Iranna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Several benefits have been obtained through integration of distributed generation in distribution systems. These advantages include reducing power losses, improving voltage profiles, and many more. These advantages can be accomplished and improved by optimizing the size and location of dispersed generations in the system. This paper introduces simultaneous and incremental approach using genetic algorithm for placement of multiple distributed generations to reduce power losses while keeping the network voltage profiles within specified limits. The algorithm is tested on IEEE 33-bus system and an Indian 85-bus system. It is clearly observed that, the proposed approaches provide optimal deployment of multiple distributed generations which reduces power losses and improves voltage profile.
Minimization of Power Factor Penalty Charges for Non-Linear Domestic Loads with IOT Technology
Authors: Anton Amala Praveen A. , Muthu Kumaran M. , Nazar Ali A. , Premkumar K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This Paper is dealt about the Power factor plays a major role for improving the quality of the power supply and also used to measure the system’s power efficiency. Existing solution is for automatic correction of power factor and it does not provide an information about load causing poor power factor. In proposed system, the status of domestic load are monitored and it intimate the power factor range of the concern load utilization. By using Microcontroller Arduino IDE, Developing a program for calculation action for the project is to dumped in it. The simulation results were obtained using the Proteus software and the penalty charge for the different power factor values was obtained using the program dumped in the Arduino Uno controller. The power factor range of the concern loads utilization was intimated to the consumer through IoT.
Solar Energy Application in Indian Irrigation System
Authors: Kanna R Rajesh , Baranidharan M , Raja Singh R , Indragandhi V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The electricity deficit and high diesel costs influence the pumping needs of urban water supply and irrigation; hence, the use of solar power for water pumping is a viable alternative to traditional water pumping systems dependent on grid power and diesel. In recent decades, attention has been given to clean and renewable energies from the vast majority of countries’ priorities in the environmental and economic sectors. Agricultural sector is backbone of Indian economy as population increases demand of water also increases. Extract and transfer of water to agriculture and drinking is equals high-energy consumption. One of the best solutions is to use of an abundant and almost free solar energy to supply energy in all sectors, especially the irrigation sector. In the growth period of crops, when irrigation is often required, there are a high of solar radiation comes from the sun. This study shows that in India, like many other developing countries, the weakness of using this important source, the program of converting solar energy, and photovoltaic pumping systems use. This paper summarizes solar energy development and its application in the irrigation system and comparing them with the conventional diesel pumps. The expected results of this paper are to encourage the politicians, statesmen, and professionals to planning and policy-making the use of the green energy industry in the water sector that could pump water to the villages and agriculture and jump in the energy sector to the economic and Sustainable development.
Performance analysis of solar updraft tower using Ansys fluent
Authors: Anilkumar G , Krishna G R , Brahmendra Kumar G V , Palanisamy K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The solar updraft tower (SUT) is a renewable energy power plant design concept for generating electricity by utilizing convective air flow due to low temperature heat absorption from incoming solar radiation. A parametric study on the performance power output of the SUT at various canopy angles and different insolation levels were carried out to investigate the relationship between them with respect to key parameters i.e. in terms of updraft tower velocity, temperature, pressure and height to choose turbine position for maximum air velocity absorption and energy conversion using Ansys-fluent software version 15 for analysis. The results obtained were analyzed comparatively to draw conclusions. The results identified using simulation software mentioned above were validated with earlier results and identified significant improvement in the power generated at various collector angles, when compared with the earlier works on SUT.
A novel IOT based domestic automation system for load monitoring and efficient control
Authors: Sankara Subramanian A T , Priyadharsini S , Palaniyappan S , Nazar Ali A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Home and industrial automation are really relevant as it offers flexibility and allows things easy to use. Wireless home automation control is built and deployed using Wi-Fi technologies to monitor specific home appliances with essential protection and also to secure the network. Devices installed in each room have their own work boards attached to the personal computer or mobile devices through the control panel and the user may be aware every day of their energy use by sophisticated tracking methods. The suggested method is also very beneficial for users in managing their electricity consumption and effective load management may also be carried out.
Case study: Solar electric vehicles in India.
Authors: Prajapati Mamta L , Gundaliya P J , Sheth Anal 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Over exploitation of fossils fuel to meet humans luxurious in present day life has created imbalance in the ecosystem so to have a balance “Green revolution” is required. It means that there is need of using renewable energy resources instead of non-renewable energy which do not harm the environment and also does not contribute in increasing carbon footprint. In context to this each and every sector in the world is adopting alternative resources (renewable energy) to reduce somehow the degradation of environment so that the ecosystem can be balanced and healthy livelihood is achieved. Seeing the condition of the global environment many researchers are attempting to find technological advances which can efficiently transform this renewable energy into mechanical energy in that they have succeeded India has abundance of resource of renewable energy; amongst them solar energy is available with minimum limitation and in abundance. If transportation sector shifts to renewable energy utilization, a good amount of green house gases(GHG) can be minimized. This paper exemplifies the cases of solar electric vehicles including solar cars, solar e–rickshaws, solar tricycles, solar buses and solar vans, that have been successfully implemented in India. These examples demonstrate that the solar electric vehicles can transform a future scenario on a larger scale for India and also other countries.
Battery modelling and state of charge estimation methods for Energy Management in Electric Vehicle-A review
Authors: Singirikonda Srinivas , Obulesu Y P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To reduce global warming, the Electric Vehicles (EV) are more attracting Worldwide for replacement of conventional IC engine vehicle but the main problem is driving range and the cost of EV is very high compared to a conventional vehicle. The driving range is mainly depending on the type of battery and size of the battery pack used in EV, for long driving range more number of batteries are required which automatically increase the weight and cost of EV. An effective battery management system will increase battery life and driving range of the EV with less number of batteries. In battery management system of EV the battery is major component but battery is costly and managing power of the battery is very much essential in EV technology. Majority of the issues can be solved by developing advanced battery management system (BMS) in EV such as, Battery modelling, accurate battery state of charge and state of health estimation, which can provide an exact driving range of EV and charging/discharging strategies work more effectively. This review paper mainly focuses on different battery modelling techniques and existing battery SOC estimation methods, issues and challenges.
Modelling and control of electric scooter driven by induction motor
Authors: Aishwarya M , Brisilla R M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the modelling and control of electric scooter driven by single-phase Induction motor drive. Single-phase induction motor is employed for this design due to lower cost and little maintenance, although a complex inverter is needed for the vehicle drive system. This paper proposes an integral sliding motor controller and pole placement controller to improve the overall performance of the electric scooter system. The stability of the system using the proposed control strategies are validated with and without disturbances. The proposed controller is validated through MATLAB simulations.