bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and time of fabrication of parts produced by fused deposition modelling
Authors: Vyavahare Swapnil , Kumar Shailendra , Panghal Deepak 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on an experimental study of surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and time of fabrication of parts produced by fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique of additive manufacturing. The fabricated parts of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material have pyramidal and conical features. Influence of five process parameters of FDM, namely, layer thickness, wall print speed, build orientation, wall thickness and extrusion temperature is studied on response characteristics. Furthermore, regression models for responses are developed and significant process parameters are optimized.

Design/methodology/approach
Comprehensive experimental study is performed using response surface methodology. Analysis of variance is used to investigate the influence of process parameters on surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and time of fabrication in both outer pyramidal and inner conical regions of part. Furthermore, a multi-response optimization using desirability function is performed to minimize surface roughness, improve dimensional accuracy and minimize time of fabrication of parts.

Findings
It is found that layer thickness and build orientation are significant process parameters for surface roughness of parts. Surface roughness increases with increase in layer thickness, while it decreases initially and then increases with increase in build orientation. Layer thickness, wall print speed and build orientation are significant process parameters for dimensional accuracy of FDM parts. For the time of fabrication, layer thickness and build orientation are found as significant process parameters. Based on the analysis, statistical non-linear quadratic models are developed to predict surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and time of fabrication. Optimization of process parameters is also performed using desirability function.

Research limitations/implications
The present study is restricted to the parts of ABS material with pyramidal and conical features only fabricated on FDM machine with delta configuration.

Originality/value
From the critical review of literature it is found that some researchers have made to study the influence of few process parameters on surface roughness, dimensional accuracy and time of fabrication of simple geometrical parts. Also, regression models and optimization of process parameters has been performed for simple parts. The present work is focussed on studying all these aspects in complicated geometrical parts with pyramidal and conical features.
Modeling analysis revealed the distinct global transmission patterns of influenza A viruses and their influencing factors
Authors: CHENG Chaoyuan , LI Jing , LIU Wenjun , XU Lei , ZHANG Zhibin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInfluenza A virus has caused huge damage to human health and poultry production worldwide, but its global transmission patterns and influencing factors remain unclear. Here, by using the Nearest Genetic Distance Approach with genetic sequences data, we reconstructed the global transmission patterns of 4 most common subtypes of influenza A virus (H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H7N9) and analyzed associations of transmission velocity of these influenza viruses with environmental factors. We found that the transmission patterns of influenza viruses and their associations with environmental factors were closely related to their host properties. H1N1 and H3N2, which are mainly held by humans, are transmitted between regions at high velocity and over long distances, which may be due to human transportation via airplane; while H5N1 and H7N9, which are mainly carried by animals, are transmitted locally at short distances and at low velocity, which may be facilitated by poultry transportation via railways or high ways. H1N1 and H3N2 spread faster in cold seasons, while H5N1 spread faster in both cold and warm seasons, and H7N9 spread faster in wet seasons. H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 spread faster in places with both high and low human densities. Our study provided novel insights into the global transmission patterns, processes, and management strategies for influenza under accelerated global change.
How to treat mania
Authors: Pacchiarotti I. , Anmella G. , Colomer L. , Vieta E. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveIn this paper, we aimed at reviewing evidence‐based treatment options for bipolar mania and proposed tentative evidence‐based clinical suggestions regarding the management of a manic episode, especially regarding the choice of the proper mood stabilizer and antipsychotic medication.MethodA narrative review was undertaken addressing 'treatment of bipolar mania'. Findings have been synthesized and incorporated with clinical experience into a model to support different treatment choices.ResultsTo date, there is solid evidence supporting the use of several medications, such as lithium, divalproex, and carbamazepine, and antipsychotics, such as chlorpromazine, haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, inhaled loxapine, asenapine, and cariprazine in acute mania, and some evidence supporting the use of clozapine or electroconvulsive therapy in treatment‐refractory cases. However, in clinical practice, when making decisions about treatment, personalized treatment is needed, according to the different clinical presentations and more complex clinical situations within the manic episode and considering a long‐term view and with the objective of not only a symptomatic but also functional recovery. After remission from acute mania, psychoeducation strategies are useful to ensure adherence.DiscussionDespite the evidence forefficacy of many currently available treatments for mania, the majority of RCTs provide little direction for the clinician as to what steps might be optimal in different presentations of mania as well as in the presence of specific patient characteristics. Manic episodes should be managed on a personalized basis considering the clinical course and patient criteria and with the expectation of maintaining that treatment in the long‐term.
Th17/Treg imbalance modulates rat myocardial fibrosis and heart failure by regulating LOX expression
Authors: Lu Min , Qin Xinglei , Yao Jungong , Yang Yuanyuan , Zhao Minghu , Sun Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe imbalance of T helper (Th) 17/T regulatory (Treg) is involved in chronic heart failure (HF). The enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) contributes to myocardial fibrosis. This study was designed to decipher the regulatory mechanism of Th17/Treg on LOX expression and to validate whether Th17/Treg imbalance regulates myocardial fibrosis by modulating LOX expression.MethodsHuman cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) and co‐cultured with Th17 cells and Tregs which were polarized from control naïve CD4+ T cells. Th17 cells and Tregs were adoptively transferred into abdominal aortic coarctation‐induced chronic HF rats to investigate the efficacy of Th17 and Treg infusions on myocardial fibrosis and HF.ResultsTh17/Treg imbalance (increased Th17 cells and decreased Tregs) was observed in HF patients. Th17 cells/Tregs aggravated/attenuated Ang II‐induced upregulation of LOX and fibrosis‐related indicators (MMP‐2/9 and collagen I/III) in HCFs in vitro and abdominal aortic coarctation‐induced myocardial fibrosis and HF in rats, by promoting/inhibiting LOX expression. Mechanistically, Th17 cells promoted LOX expression by activating the IL‐17/ERK1/2‐AP‐1 pathway, while Tregs inhibited LOX expression by activating the IL‐10/JAK1‐STAT3 pathway.ConclusionIncreased Th17 cells and decreased Tregs aggravate myocardial fibrosis and HF by inducing LOX expression.
Laparoscopic surgery for familial multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors with germ line c‐kit gene mutation
Authors: Hashimoto Masahiro , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Kurokawa Yukinori , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Yamasaki Makoto , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFamilial gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is an exceedingly rare disease characterized by mutations in the c‐kit and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha genes. We report the case of a 73‐year‐old woman with multiple submucosal tumors (SMTs) in the stomach and small intestine. Her elder sister had previously presented with multiple SMTs on examination and underwent surgery to remove the tumors because they showed a tendency to increase in size during follow‐up. The sister's tumors were pathologically diagnosed as GISTs, and a germ line mutation was recognized in exon 17 of c‐kit. Subsequently, the patient presented with multiple SMTs and the same germ line mutation as her sister. After 9 years of follow‐up, a single tumor was found to have grown in size, and SILS was performed for this SMT, which was also pathologically diagnosed as a GIST. To our knowledge, this is the first report of laparoscopic surgery for a case of familial GIST.
Circulating Ara h 6 as a marker of peanut protein absorption in tolerant and allergic humans following ingestion of peanut‐containing foods
Authors: Bernard Hervé , Turner Paul J. , Ah‐Leung Sandrine , Ruiz‐Garcia Monica , Clare Mills Elizabeth Naomi , Adel‐Patient Karine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBioaccessibility of food allergens may be a key determinant of allergic reactions.ObjectiveTo develop a protocol allowing the detection of the major peanut allergen, Ara h 6, in the bloodstream following ingestion of low amounts of peanut and to compare Ara h 6 bioaccessibility by food matrix. We further assessed for differences in absorption in healthy versus peanut‐allergic volunteers.MethodsA blood pretreatment combining acidic shock and thermal treatment was developed. This protocol was then applied to blood samples collected from human volunteers (n = 6, healthy controls; n = 14, peanut‐allergic patients) at various time‐points following ingestion of increasing levels of peanut incurred in different food matrices (cookies, peanut butter and chocolate dessert). Immunodetection was performed using an in‐house immunoassay.ResultsAn original pretreatment protocol was optimized, resulting in irreversible dissociation of human antibodies‐Ara h 6 immune complex, thus rendering Ara h 6 accessible for its immunodetection. Ara h 6 was detected in samples from all volunteers following ingestion of 300‐1000 mg peanut protein, although variations in the kinetics of passage were observed between individuals and matrices. Interestingly, in peanut‐allergic subjects, Ara h 6 could be detected following ingestion of lower doses and at higher concentrations than in non‐allergic volunteers.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe kinetics and intensity of Ara h 6 passage in bloodstream depend on both individual and food matrix. Peanut‐allergic patients appear to demonstrate higher absorption rate, the clinical significance of which warrants further evaluation.
Intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer: the risk is functional rather than oncological. A 25‐year experience from Bordeaux
Authors: Denost Q. , Moreau J.‐B. , Vendrely V. , Celerier B. , Rullier A. , Assenat V. , Rullier E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThere are few data evaluating the long‐term outcomes of intersphincteric resection (ISR), especially the impact of inclusion of more juxtapositioned and intra‐anal tumours on oncological and functional outcomes. We compared the oncological and functional results of patients treated by total mesorectal excision and ISR for low rectal cancer over a 25‐year period.MethodThis is a retrospective study from a single institution evaluating results of ISR over three periods: 1990–1998, 1999–2006 and 2007–2014. Patients treated by partial or total ISR, with or without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, for low rectal cancer (≤ 6 cm from the anal verge) were included. We compared postoperative morbidity, quality of surgery and oncological and functional outcomes in the time periods studied.ResultsOf 813 patients operated on for low rectal cancer, 303 had ISR. Tumour stage did not differ; however, the distance of the tumour from the anorectal junction decreased from 1 to 0 cm (P < 0.001) and the distal resection margin shortened from 25 to 10 mm (P < 0.001) from 1990 to 2014. The postoperative morbidity and quality of surgery did not change significantly over time. The 5‐year local recurrence (4.3% vs 5.9% vs 3.5%; P = 0.741) and disease‐free survival (72% vs 71% vs 75%; P = 0.918) did not differ between the three time periods. Functional results improved during the last period; however, overall 42% of patients experienced major bowel dysfunction.ConclusionPushing the envelope of sphincter‐saving resection in ultra‐low rectal cancer reaching or invading the anal sphincter did not compromise oncological and functional outcomes. The main limitation of the ISR procedure appears to be functional rather than oncological, suggesting that bowel rehabilitation programmes should be developed.
Evaluation of the chylomicron‐TG to VLDL‐TG ratio for type I hyperlipoproteinemia diagnostic
Authors: Rioja José , Ariza María‐José , García‐Casares Natalia , Coca‐Prieto Inmaculada , Arrobas Teresa , Muñiz‐Grijalvo Ovidio , Mangas Alipio , Ibarretxe Daiana , Sánchez‐Chaparro Miguel Ángel , Valdivielso Pedro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to confirm the diagnostic performance of the Chylomicron to very low‐density lipoproteins triglycerides (CM/VLDL‐TG) ratio, the triglycerides to cholesterol ratio (TG/TC) and a dichotomic rule including the tryglycerides to apolipoprotein B (TG/APOB) ratio for the presence of Type I hyperlipoproteinemia (HPLI) in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (sHTG) that were at high risk for familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS).MethodsTwo cohorts (derivation and validation) of patients with sHTG were included in the study. Anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and genetic data were obtained. The CM/VLDL‐TG, TG/TC and TG/APOB ratios were calculated. Finally, a diagnostic performance study was developed to establish sensitivity, specificity and cut‐offs by a ROC curve analysis in the derivation cohort as well as agreement and predictive values in the validation cohort.ResultsPatients with FCS in both cohorts showed an earlier presence in pancreatitis, greater number of acute pancreatitis episodes and lower BMI. FCS patients also showed higher ratios of CM/VLDL‐TG, TG/TC and TG/APOB ratios, whereas their HDL‐C, LDL‐C and APOB levels were lower than in non‐FCS patients. Sensitivity and agreement were low for both the TG/TC and TG/APOB ratios, although predictive values were good. The CM/VLDL‐TG ratio showed greatest sensitivity, specificity, agreement and predictive values for cut‐off of 3.8 and 4.5.ConclusionsOur results suggest that in subjects at high risk of FCS a total serum TG/TC ratio or TG/APOB ratio are feasible to initially screen for HLPI; however, a CM/VLDL‐TG ratio ≥4.5 is a better diagnostic criterion for HPLI.
Dental students’ perceptions of case‐based learning method and the impact of clinical information in imaging diagnosis
Authors: Tostes Hellen C. M. R. , Oliveira Luciana B. , Franco Ademir , Junqueira José L. C. , Nascimento Monikelly C. C. , Oenning Anne C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionEducation in oral imaging diagnosis is provided early in most dental curricula worldwide. Stressing the importance of clinical and radiographic information for oral diagnosis is of utmost importance for dental students. In this context, active learning methods, such as case‐based learning (CBL), represent contemporary tools in the armamentarium of dental education. This study aimed to investigate (a) dental students’ perceptions on CBL and (b) the importance of clinical data for image‐based diagnosis.MethodsFifteen cases of bone lesions were presented to 56 undergraduate students; group 1 (n = 24) was provided with the imaging data alone from each case, while group 2 (n = 32) received clinical information followed by the imaging data. Students’ performance and perception on the teaching approach were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Their differential diagnoses for each of the lesions figured as variables to be compared with the known diagnosis.ResultsAll the students reported a positive experience with the case‐based teaching method and confirmed this approach as a valuable tool in dental education. The diagnosis of a simple bone cyst, a periapical cyst or an ameloblastoma improved when they were provided with clinical data prior to the complementary images. No significant difference was detected, however, when the total amount of correct diagnoses were combined together and compared between groups (P > .05).ConclusionCase‐based learning was corroborated as an optimal method for educating undergraduate dental students. Clinical data might contribute to diagnostic imaging, especially regarding lesions with multiple differential diagnoses.
Patterns of Interactions Between Youth and Resident Stepmothers: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Jensen Todd M. 
Published: July 2020

Stepparent–child relationships are a core pillar of stepfamily functioning and well‐being. Stepparents can take on a variety of roles in the lives of their stepchildren, ranging from de facto parents to distant acquaintances. There remain important opportunities to explore specific interactional patterns between youth and stepparents, particularly resident stepmothers. Drawing from a family systems perspective, the purpose of the current study is to explore patterns of youth–stepmother interaction across recreational, personal, academic, and disciplinary domains of family life. Latent class analysis is conducted using a representative sample of 295 youth (mean age: 15.82 years, SD = 1.63; 41% female; 65% non‐Hispanic White) residing in father–stepmother households who have living nonresident mothers at Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. The optimal latent class solution yielded four interactional patterns, labeled versatile and involved (21%), inactive (12%), casually connected (17%), and academically oriented (50%). The latent classes are also contrasted with respect to stepfamily relationship quality, youth well‐being, and socio‐demographic characteristics. Foremost, the results illustrate significant variability in the patterns of interactions between youth and their resident stepmothers, which could be attributed to youths’ varying autonomy‐seeking efforts and other complex family dynamics. Consistent with a family systems perspective, associations between youth–stepmother interactional patterns and family and youth outcomes highlight the importance of the relationship between youth and their resident stepmothers. Importantly, not all interactional patterns differed significantly across outcomes, suggesting that no one pattern is universally optimal in father–stepmother families with adolescent children.
A trait space at an overarching scale yields more conclusive macroecological patterns of functional diversity
Authors: Múrria Cesc , Iturrarte Gabone , Gutiérrez‐Cánovas Cayetano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimMacroecological studies have commonly used study‐specific subsets of taxa to calculate metrics of functional diversity (FD) and explore their spatial patterns. However, FD metrics can be biased if the functional space (FS) does not cover an extensive, common and representative range of trait variation. Here, we propose an overarching FS covering the widest range of European freshwater taxa and trait variation compiled to date for a better evaluation of macroecological FD patterns.LocationSix regions distributed from Morocco to Scandinavia.Time period2008.Major taxa studiedMajor orders of European freshwater macroinvertebrates (541 taxa).MethodsFD metrics (functional richness, dispersion and evenness) were estimated on FSs covering three decreasing grain sizes of trait variation: an overarching European scale (541 taxa), a continental context‐dependent scale that covers six regions (180 taxa) and six regional scale FSs (63–108 taxa). Taxonomic richness and FD metrics were modelled over the latitudinal gradient. Null models were performed to assess if FD patterns were independent of taxonomic richness variation and to identify community assembly mechanisms (filtering or overdispersion) along the latitudinal gradient.ResultsThe scale at which FSs were calculated influenced the shape and strength of the latitudinal FD patterns. Continental or regional scale FSs captured different axes of trait variation associated with scale‐specific taxa composition. These FS axes and resulting FD metrics moderately or poorly represent those based on the overarching FS. Null model analysis revealed distinct latitudinal patterns for each FS and FD metric, which led to contrasting assembly mechanisms along latitude.Main conclusionsAn overarching FS (a) captures a wide, common and more representative range of trait variation, (b) offers a more generalizable framework to explore large‐scale functional patterns and community assembly mechanisms, and (c) enhances the comparison of FD metrics across studies to obtain more reliable macroecological patterns.
Anxiety and clinical outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Jie , Ji Feng , Song Junxian , Gao Xiangyang , Jiang Deguo , Chen Guangdong , Chen Suling , Lin Xiaodong , Zhuo Chuanjun 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesAnxiety has been suggested to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, results of previous follow-up studies were inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between anxiety and clinical outcomes in patients with ACS, and to investigate the potential role of depression underlying the above association.DesignA meta-analysis of prospective follow-up studies.SettingHospitals.ParticipantsPatients with ACS.InterventionsWe included related prospective follow-up studies up through 20 July 2019 that were identified by searching PubMed and Embase databases. A random-effect model was used for the meta-analysis. Anxiety was evaluated by validated instruments at baseline.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe determined the association between anxiety and risks of mortality and adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with ACS.ResultsOur analysis included 17 studies involving 39 038 patients wqith ACS. Anxiety was independently associated with increased mortality risk (adjusted risk ratio (RR) 1.21, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.37, p=0.002) and MACEs (adjusted RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.74, p<0.001) in patients with ACS. Subgroup analyses showed that depression may at least partly confound the association between anxiety and poor outcomes in patients with ACS. Adjustment of depression significantly attenuated the association between anxiety and MACEs (adjusted RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.52, p=0.02). Moreover, anxiety was not significantly associated with mortality risk after adjusting for depression (adjusted RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.17, p=0.37).ConclusionsAnxiety is associated with increased risk of mortality and MACEs in patients with ACS. However, at least part of the association may be confounded by concurrent depressive symptoms in these patients.
Stellar structure of quark stars in a modified Starobinsky gravity
Authors: Mathew Arun , Shafeeque Muhammed , Nandy Malay K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose a form of gravity–matter interaction given by $$\omega RT$$ωRT in the framework of f(R, T) gravity and examine the effect of such interaction in spherically symmetric compact stars. Treating the gravity–matter coupling as a perturbative term on the background of Starobinsky gravity, we develop a perturbation theory for equilibrium configurations. For illustration, we take the case of quark stars and explore their various stellar properties. We find that the gravity–matter coupling causes an increase in the stable maximal mass which is relevant for recent observations on binary pulsars.