bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scene memory and spatial inhibition in visual search
Authors: Grieben Raul , Tekülve Jan , Zibner Stephan K. U. , Lins Jonas , Schneegans Sebastian , Schöner Gregor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAny object-oriented action requires that the object be first brought into the attentional foreground, often through visual search. Outside the laboratory, this would always take place in the presence of a scene representation acquired from ongoing visual exploration. The interaction of scene memory with visual search is still not completely understood. Feature integration theory (FIT) has shaped both research on visual search, emphasizing the scaling of search times with set size when searches entail feature conjunctions, and research on visual working memory through the change detection paradigm. Despite its neural motivation, there is no consistently neural process account of FIT in both its dimensions. We propose such an account that integrates (1) visual exploration and the building of scene memory, (2) the attentional detection of visual transients and the extraction of search cues, and (3) visual search itself. The model uses dynamic field theory in which networks of neural dynamic populations supporting stable activation states are coupled to generate sequences of processing steps. The neural architecture accounts for basic findings in visual search and proposes a concrete mechanism for the integration of working memory into the search process. In a behavioral experiment, we address the long-standing question of whether both the overall speed and the efficiency of visual search can be improved by scene memory. We find both effects and provide model fits of the behavioral results. In a second experiment, we show that the increase in efficiency is fragile, and trace that fragility to the resetting of spatial working memory.
Superflares on Solar-type Stars from the First Year Observation of TESS
Authors: Tu Zuo-Lin , Yang Ming , Zhang Z. J. , Wang F. Y. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Superflares, which are strong explosions on stars, have been well studied with the progress of spacetime-domain astronomy. In this work, we present the study of superflares on solar-type stars using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data. Thirteen sectors of observations during the first year of the TESS mission covered the southern hemisphere of the sky, containing 25,734 solar-type stars. We verified 1216 superflares on 400 solar-type stars through automatic search and visual inspection with 2 minute cadence data. Our result suggests a higher superflare frequency distribution than the result from Kepler. This may be because the majority of TESS solar-type stars in our data set are rapidly rotating stars. The power-law index γ of the superflare frequency distribution (

) is constrained to be γ = 2.16 ± 0.10, which is a little larger than that of solar flares but consistent with the results from Kepler. Because only seven superflares of Sun-like stars are detected, we cannot give a robust superflare occurrence frequency. Four stars were accompanied by unconfirmed hot planet candidates. Therefore, superflares may possibly be caused by stellar magnetic activities instead of planet–star interactions. We also find an extraordinary star, TIC43472154, which exhibits about 200 superflares per year. In addition, the correlation between the energy and duration of superflares (

) is analyzed. We derive the power-law index to be β = 0.42 ± 0.01, which is a little larger than β = 1/3 from the prediction according to magnetic reconnection theory.
Reevaluation of C4H Abundance Based on the Revised Dipole Moment
Authors: Oyama Takahiro , Ozaki Hironori , Sumiyoshi Yoshihiro , Araki Mitsunori , Takano Shuro , Kuze Nobuhiko , Tsukiyama Koichi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Abnormally large column densities of the carbon-chain molecule, C4H, have been reported in various sources. The main reason for this was supposed to be an underestimated value of the permanent dipole moment of C4H. C4H has a low-lying electronic excited state of 2Π with a large dipole moment in the previous quantum chemical calculations. However, the mixing of the excited state with the ground state 2Σ+ has not been taken into consideration. In the present study, we evaluated this mixing by introducing a multireference configuration interaction. The effective dipole moment of C4H in the ground state was calculated to be 2.10 D, which is about 2.4 times larger than the values used so far. Revised column densities of C4H in dark clouds, low-mass star-forming regions, and the circumstellar envelope IRC+10216 based upon the new value are about a factor of 6 smaller than the previous values. With the revised column densities, exponential smooth decreases are found for the abundances of the C2n
H (n = 1–4) molecules with carbon-chain length in these sources, suggesting high similarities among individual formation mechanisms of the C2n
H molecules.
La Malchimie de Gisèle Bienne : récit d'une mort injuste
Authors: Camelin Colette 
Published: February 2020

Sylvain, le frère de la narratrice, ouvrier agricole, est hospitalisé pour une leucémie. Il a été empoisonné en « traitant » les champs de son patron. La Malchimie de Gisèle Bienne ouvre la porte des chambres où souffrent les malades des pesticides, enquête sur les produits utilisés et sur l'histoire de ces firmes. Face à la « malchimie » mortifère, cependant, l'alchimie de l'artiste donne vie aux êtres, à son frère aimé, à leur enfance dans les champs et les prés « avant les pesticides ». Le récit rend présentes la souffrance de Sylvain, semblable à celle des grands blessés de guerre, et l'angoisse de sa sœur. Le lecteur, devant un bidon de glyphosate, en percevra les effets sur des corps vulnérables. La Malchimie résiste par sa force poétique à l'emprise du malheur - pour Sylvain et pour les « âmes errantes » victimes de cette insidieuse violence.
La notion de vulnérabilité, approche juridique d'un concept polymorphe
Authors: Roux-Demare François-Xavier 
Published: February 2020

Si la notion de « vulnérabilité » peut se définir, simplement, par le renvoi à la personne qui peut être blessé, la simplicité de cette définition masque sa réelle complexité en droit. Définie précisément par le droit pénal, elle trouve pourtant une application privilégiée en droit des personnes, qui n'y fait référence qu'implicitement. Les applications de cette notion sont néanmoins diverses et transcendent les différentes branches du droit. Il convient alors de déterminer son domaine d'application, dont le champ semble devoir poursuivre son évolution.
Proximité organisée « subie » et effets négatifs des proximités
Authors: Gallaud Delphine 
Published: February 2020

En 1993, six chercheurs fondent le groupe de recherche « Dynamiques de proximités » afin de pouvoir dépasser la prise en compte de l’espace en économie comme simple variable explicative résiduelle. Si la définition des formes non géographiques de la proximité donne également lieu à un vif débat, les proximités restent pensées comme ce qui rapproche les acteurs. La prise en compte de leurs effets négatifs est alors difficile. L’objectif de cette note est de faire le point sur l’intérêt de reprendre la réflexion sur la conceptualisation de la proximité organisée et surtout sur ses effets négatifs potentiels, ce qui conduirait à définir une proximité organisée subie, pendant de la proximité géographique subie. Une piste de recherche ultérieure consisterait à introduire la proximité organisée subie dans les modèles de dynamique, qui constituent actuellement une des pistes de recherche futures du groupe « Dynamiques de proximités » (Torre et Talbot, 2018).
L’aide au développement à l’épreuve des stratégies absurdes
Authors: Doligez François 
Published: February 2020

Le propos de cet article est de retracer les évolutions dans la gestion des politiques d’aide à partir du New Public Management (NPM). Le cadre d’analyse est organisé en utilisant les travaux sur l’application de cette approche dans les entreprises, et les « stratégies absurdes » qu’il induit. Les résultats ouvrent également sur ce que ce mode de gestion produit au niveau des logiques d’acteurs impliqués dans la gestion de l’aide ainsi qu’au niveau du pilotage des actions de développement.
Énoncer la qualité dans les ONG
Authors: Núñez Regueiro Santiago 
Published: February 2020

Les principales organisations non gouvernementales de solidarité internationale ont connu, ces dix dernières années, la montée en puissance des « démarches Qualité », dont nous proposons une étude empirique. À travers l’analyse des outils qui instrumentent ces démarches dans les organisations, nous montrons les ambiguïtés d’énonciation de la qualité dans les ONG, définie aussi bien comme la conformité aux procédures, l’expertise technique ou la capacité à mener à bien une mission solidaire. Les caractéristiques des outils, ainsi que les débats et compromis accompagnant leur adoption, permettent d’interroger les enjeux des démarches Qualité : sont-elles une opportunité pour les ONG de réaffirmer leur rôle socio-politique ou traduisent-elles, avant tout, le prolongement d’un processus prescrit de bureaucratisation du secteur de l’aide internationale ?
Teaching Pharmacology to Graduate Nursing Students: Evaluation and Comparison of Web-Based and Face-to-Face Methods
Authors: Bata-Jones Bonnie , Avery Melissa D. 
Published: February 2020

As nursing schools develop Web-based courses to increase access to programs, evaluation of all aspects of these courses, from student learning to effectiveness of the course and instructor, becomes important. This article describes the evaluation of a 3-credit, semester-based, online graduate pharmacology course, and compares these student outcomes with those in the face-to-face course taught simultaneously. Eighteen students chose to participate in the Web-based course, and 52 chose to participate in the face-to-face course. The same instructor taught both courses, and the same examinations were administered.
Students in the two courses were not different in age or in number of years of nursing practice prior to taking the course. There was no association between the course chosen and the type of basic nursing preparation or if the student had taken a pharmacology course in their basic nursing program. There were no significant differences between the mean examination scores of students enrolled in the two courses. Overall, students in the online course were positive about their experience. Student comments highlight the need to be aware of effectiveness of communication among faculty and students, the clarity of instructions, and the amount of information provided on course Web sites.
Students Struggling in Clinical? A New Role for the Patient Simulator
Authors: Haskvitz Leah M. , Koop Elizabeth C. 
Published: February 2020

Our students trust that we will provide them with information and opportunities to practice what they have learned in the classroom. When students are not meeting established objectives in the clinical environment, the possibility for error increases, frustration and the students’ stress levels escalate, and patient safety is jeopardized. Traditional remediation methods may reduce students’ already low levels of confidence, putting more stress on the students and creating an environment prone to errors.
We devised a remediation plan using the human patient simulator to meet the needs of such students and their clinical preceptors, while preserving patient safety. The simulation laboratory is a safe place to practice skills until a specified level of proficiency is reached. In this environment, students gain back confidence in their abilities. By using the simulator in this novel way, student learning is enhanced, while patient care and safety is optimized.
Native American Learning: An Integrative Model
Authors: Bindler Ruth , Allen Carol , Paul Robbie 
Published: February 2020

Cultural variations influence health care needs of individuals in various cultural groups. Oral tradition, dreams, and spirituality are important in the lives of many Native Americans. There are few Native American nurses, so health care is often provided to members of this group by nurses who have different cultural backgrounds and who may not understand pertinent history and cultural practices. This article describes the planning for and teaching of a class for undergraduate and graduate health care students to increase understanding of the unique health care needs of Native Americans.
The structure of the class included both classroom and clinical hours. Essential components involved study and analysis of the historical events, cultural issues, and current health care needs and services of Native Americans. Approaches that can be applied to plan courses to explore health care needs of various cultures are presented.
Applying New Science Leadership Theory in Planning an International Nursing Student Practice Experience in Nepal
Authors: Doyle Rose Marie 
Published: February 2020

Planning an international practice experience for nursing students is a challenging, but rewarding, opportunity. Kwantlen University College faculty members’ experience of planning for 8 Bachelor of Science in Nursing students to study abroad was no exception. Faculty members’ and students’ interest prompted a request for a placement in Nepal. The faculty members involved in the planning were dedicated to using a process that would enable them to remain true to the program philosophy and theoretical underpinnings throughout the entire experience, from the planning phase to the follow-up presentation. Using Wheatley’s theory, the students and faculty members reexamined their personal leadership styles to ensure they remained relationship focused, rather than task focused. Wheatley maintained that because the potentiality lies in building strong relationships, it is important to support the creative power that lies in those involved in a project.
This article describes new science leadership and relates it to the planning phase for the practice experience in Nepal. Then, reflections on how the philosophy of the program may have influenced the experience are shared. Finally, critical reflection on using this theory in nursing education is presented.
Norethisterone Enanthate Increases Mouse Susceptibility to Genital Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and HIV Type 1
Authors: Quispe Calla Nirk E , Vicetti Miguel Rodolfo D , Torres Angelo R , Trout Wayne , Gabriel Janelle M , Hatfield Alissa M , Aceves Kristen M , Kwiek Jesse J , Kaur Balveen , Cherpes Thomas L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) are two forms of injectable progestin used for contraception. Whereas clinical research indicates that women using DMPA are more susceptible to HIV and other genital pathogens, causal relationships have not been determined. Providing an underlying mechanism for this connection, however, is recent work that showed DMPA weakens genital mucosal barrier function in mice and humans and respectively promotes susceptibility of wild-type and humanized mice to genital infection with HSV type 2 and HIV type 1. However, analogous effects of NET-EN treatment on antivirus immunity and host susceptibility to genital infection are much less explored. In this study, we show that compared with mice in estrus, treatment of mice with DMPA or NET-EN significantly decreased genital levels of the cell–cell adhesion molecule desmoglein-1 and increased genital mucosal permeability. These effects, however, were more pronounced in DMPA- versus NET-EN–treated mice. Likewise, we detected comparable mortality rates in DMPA- and NET-EN–treated wild-type and humanized mice after intravaginal infection with HSV type 2 or cell-associated HIV type 1, respectively, but NET-EN treatment was associated with slower onset of HSV-induced genital pathology and lower burden of systemic HIV disease. These findings reveal DMPA and NET-EN treatment of mice significantly reduces genital desmoglein-1 levels and increases genital mucosal permeability and susceptibility to genital pathogens while also implying that NET-EN generates less compromise of genital mucosal barrier function than DMPA.
The Short History of Rhetorical Theory
Authors: Simonson Peter 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThis essay throws genealogical light upon contemporary theoretical practice by charting the relatively short history of rhetorical theory as a consequential sign in Anglophone discourse. It advances a historical sociology of knowledge inflected by feminist and postcolonial studies to trace the invention, institutionalization, and changing meanings of rhetorical theory from the late nineteenth century to the present. In the process, it illuminates three structuring patterns: (1) the valorization of European civilization that accompanied U.S. settler colonialism and its manifestation in universities where rhetorical theory materially grounded itself; (2) the gendered production of knowledge within academic institutions, particularly through the masculinization of the postwar university and its shaping of communities of inquiry invested in rhetorical theory; and (3) the power of relevance as a metonym for intellectual, political, and educational initiatives that, beginning in the late 1960s, enlarged rhetorical theory's community of inquiry and range of meanings.
A reevaluation of the basal turtle Indochelys spatulata from the Early–Middle Jurassic (Toarcian–Aalenian) of India, with descriptions of new material
Authors: Joyce Walter G. , Bandyopadhyay Saswati 
Published: February 2020

Background
Indochelys spatulata is an extinct turtle from the Early to Middle Jurassic Kota Formation of the Pranhita–Godavari Gondwana basin, India. The holotype and previously only known specimen is a partially eroded shell that had been collected near Kota village, north of Sironcha, in Maharashtra State. Phylogenetic analyses have consistently suggested placement at the base of the clade Mesochelydia.

Methods
We here figure and describe the holotype of Indochelys spatulata and two new specimens, which were collected from the Kota Formation near Kistapur village, Telengana State, about 60 km NW from the type locality. We furthermore explore the relationships of this fossil turtle by updating its scoring based on all available material in the most recent analysis of basal turtle relationships.

Results
The revision of the holotype of Indochelys spatulata provides minor adjustments to the morphology of this specimen, in particular recognition of a transverse break across the carapace, presence of only eight neurals, of which the eight is octagonal, and presence of a pathological element located between neurals VII and VIII. The new material provides new anatomical insights, in particular presence of a broad cervical, a vertebral V that inserts deeply into vertebral IV, narrow pleurals within increasingly short posteromedial contacts with the vertebrals towards the posterior, at least three pairs of musk duct foramina, and numerous insights into the morphology of the girdles and stylopodium. In combination, all material allows affirming the validity of Indochelys spatulata with confidence. The phylogenetic analysis affirms the placement of Indochelys spatulata as a basal mesochelydian, but cannot resolve its relationships relative to the roughly coeval Condorchelys antiqua and Kayentachelys aprix.
Standardized flattening filter free volumetric modulated arc therapy plans based on anteroposterior width for total body irradiation
Authors: Frederick Rebecca , Hudson Alana , Balogh Alex , Cao Jeffrey Q. , Pierce Greg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, the feasibility of using flattening filter free (FFF) beams in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) total body irradiation (TBI) treatment planning to decrease protracted beam‐on times for these treatments was investigated. In addition, a methodology was developed to generate standardized VMAT TBI treatment plans based on patient physical dimensions to eliminate plan optimization time. A planning study cohort of 47 TBI patients previously treated with optimized VMAT ARC 6 MV beams was retrospectively examined. These patients were sorted into six categories depending on height and anteroposterior (AP) width at the umbilicus. Using Varian Eclipse, clinical 40 cm × 10 cm open field arcs were substituted with 6 MV FFF. Mid‐plane lateral dose profiles in conjunction with relative arc output factors (RAOF) yielded how far a given multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf must move in order to achieve a mid‐plane 100% isodose for a specific control point. Linear interpolation gave the dynamic MLC aperture for the entire arc for each patient AP width category, which was subsequently applied through Python scripting. All FFF VMAT TBI plans were then evaluated by two radiation oncologists and deemed clinically acceptable. The FFF and clinical VMAT TBI plans had similar Body–5 mm D98% distributions, but overall the FFF plans had statistically significantly increased or broader Body–5 mm D2% and mean lung dose distributions. These differences are not considered clinically significant. Median beam‐on times for the FFF and clinical VMAT TBI plans were 11.07 and 18.06 min, respectively, and planning time for the FFF VMAT TBI plans was reduced by 34.1 min. In conclusion, use of FFF beams in VMAT TBI treatment planning resulted in dose homogeneity similar to our current VMAT TBI technique. Clinical dosimetric criteria were achieved for a majority of patients while planning and calculated beam‐on times were reduced, offering the possibility of improved patient experience.
Approximation‐based adaptive fault compensation backstepping control of fractional‐order nonlinear systems: An output‐feedback scheme
Authors: Naderolasli Amir , Hashemi Mahnaz , Shojaei Khoshnam 
Published: February 2020

SummaryAn observer‐based adaptive fuzzy backstepping approach is proposed for nonlinear systems with respect to fractional‐order differential equations, unmatched uncertainties, unmeasured states, and actuator faults. The approximation capability of fuzzy logic system and minimal learning parameter approaches are applied to identify uncertain functions in a simultaneous manner. For estimating the unavailable conditions, a fuzzy fractional‐order state‐observer is extended. Applying fault‐tolerant approach in a backstepping design methodology would provide a new fault‐tolerant adaptive fuzzy output‐feedback approach for fractional‐order strict‐feedback systems. This control structure would assure the considered system stability through selection of the appropriate Lyapunov candidate function. Two numerical simulations are run to exhibit the validity herein.