bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complement evasion strategies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
Authors: Dulipati Vinaya , Meri Seppo , Panelius Jaana 
Published: August 2020

Borreliosis (Lyme disease) is a spirochetal disease caused by the species complex of Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by Ixodes spp. ticks. Recorded to be the most common tick‐borne disease in the world, the last two decades have seen an increase in disease incidence and distribution, exceeding 360 000 cases in Europe alone. If untreated, infection may cause skin symptoms, arthritis, and neurological or cardiac complications. Borrelia spirochetes have developed strategies to evade the mammalian host immune system. These include the complement system, which is an important first‐line defense mechanism against invading microbes. To evade the complement, spirochetes bind soluble complement regulators factor H (FH), factor H‐like protein, and C4bp to their outer surfaces. B. burgdorferi spirochetes can inhibit the classical pathway of complement by the outer surface protein (Osp) BBK32, which blocks the activation of the C1 complex, composed of C1q, C1r, and C1s. The FH‐binding proteins of borreliae include Osps OspE, CspA, and CspZ. Following repeated infections, antibodies against these proteins develop and may provide functional immunity against borreliosis. This review discusses critical immune evasion strategies, focusing on complement evasion by borreliae.
Cleavage of the outer membrane protein OmpX by protealysin regulates Serratia proteamaculans invasion
Authors: Tsaplina Olga , Demidyuk Ilya , Artamonova Tatiana , Khodorkovsky Mikhail , Khaitlina Sofia 
Published: August 2020

Protealysin is a thermolysin‐like protease of Serratia proteamaculans capable of specifically cleaving actin, which correlates with the invasive activity of these bacteria. Here, we show that inactivation of the protealysin gene does not inhibit invasion but, in contrast, leads to a twofold increase in the S. proteamaculans invasive activity. By mass spectrometry, we identified the outer membrane protein OmpX as a substrate of protealysin. Recombinant E. coli carrying the OmpX gene truncated by 40 N‐terminal residues or both the OmpX and protealysin genes, in contrast to the full‐length OmpX, do not increase adhesion of these bacteria, indicating that the 40 N‐terminal residues of OmpX are indispensable for S. proteamaculans invasion. Our results show that both protealysin and its substrates can stimulate Serratia invasion.
Evolution of bubble size distribution, number density, and shape in semi‐batch vertical gas–liquid Taylor vortex flow
Authors: Ramezani Mahdi , Haghighat Arya , Legg Meesha J. , Vigil R. Dennis , Olsen Michael G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBubble size distribution and bubble ellipticity were measured as a function of axial position in a vertically oriented semi‐batch gas–liquid Taylor vortex reactor with varying gas flow rate and inner cylinder rotation speed producing axial Reynolds numbers in the range 23.8–119 and azimuthal Reynolds numbers up to 4.2 × 104. The mean bubble size increases monotonically with axial distance from the bottom of the reactor at the location of gas injection. The functional form of the growth of the mean bubble size with axial position depends upon the azimuthal Reynolds number. Specifically, when the azimuthal Reynolds number is less than 1.3 × 104, the mean bubble size increases linearly with axial distance from the bubble injection point. In contrast, for azimuthal Reynolds numbers greater than this critical value, the mean bubble size increases with axial distance in a sigmoidal manner.
Ultrasound parameters to identify and diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome. A review of the literature
Authors: Linehan Callum , Childs Jessie , Quinton Ann E. , Aziz Aamer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNumerous works of literature have assessed the use of ultrasound to detect carpal tunnel syndrome, suggesting various techniques and cut‐off values. Currently, an effective parameter and cut‐off value are still debated. The aim of this review is to determine if these parameters have sufficient rigour to allow their use in clinical practice. Twenty‐one studies using sonographic parameters to identify carpal tunnel syndrome in comparison with electrodiagnostic testing (EDx) were selected for review. Methodological differences were found between studies in the use of EDx criteria, scanning and recruitment protocols, with participant biometrics often not reported. Parameters including the cross‐sectional area of the median nerve at the level of the pisiform bone in addition to the wrist‐to‐forearm difference demonstrated high diagnostic utility for set cut‐off values. Doppler techniques and mobility are promising, and further research is required to understand the effectiveness of these techniques.
Supercritical Water is not Hydrogen Bonded
Authors: Schienbein Philipp , Marx Dominik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThinking about water is inextricably linked to hydrogen bonds, which are highly directional in character and determine the unique structure of water, in particular its tetrahedral H‐bond network. Here, we assess if this common connotation also holds for supercritical water. We employ extensive ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to systematically monitor the evolution of the H‐bond network mode of water from room temperature, where it is the hallmark of its fluctuating three‐dimensional network structure, to supercritical conditions. Our simulations reveal that the oscillation period required for H‐bond vibrations to occur exceeds the lifetime of H‐bonds in supercritical water by far. Instead, the corresponding low‐frequency intermolecular vibrations of water pairs as seen in supercritical water are found to be well represented by isotropic van‐der‐Waals interactions only. Based on these findings, we conclude that water in its supercritical phase is not a H‐bonded fluid.
Time–temperature–transformation (TTT) and TTT–viscosity diagrams of a typical benzoxazine resin
Authors: Xue Xuan , Xiao Tianming , Liu Yu , Ran Qichao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBenzoxazine resins have attracted much attention because of their excellent properties. As a new kind of thermosetting resin, their gelation and vitrification behaviors during the curing process are worth studying for promoting their development, but few research works have been done on this subject. In this work, an ordinary diamine‐type benzoxazine resin (PH‐ddm) was chosen as a research object. Its curing kinetics were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a phenomenological model was used to get equal curing degree curves reflecting the relationship among curing degree, curing temperature and time. Moreover, a gelation curve and a vitrification curve of PH‐ddm based on an Arrhenius equation and a DiBenedetto equation were obtained by parallel plate rheometer and modulated DSC (MDSC), respectively. Then, a well‐known time–temperature–transformation (TTT) diagram was plotted. Besides, the rheological behavior of PH‐ddm was analyzed through rotatory viscometer testing and modified double Arrhenius equation to obtain the equal viscosity curves. A TTT–viscosity diagram was obtained through combining the equal viscosity curves with the TTT diagram. This is the first time for using the TTT diagram to investigate the curing process of benzoxazine resins. Our results provide an effective method to optimizing molding conditions of the benzoxazine resins.
Neue Berechnungsverfahren zur Trittschallübertragung
Authors: Rabold Andreas , Schneider Martin , Fischer Heinz‐Martin , Zeitler Berndt 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDie Berechnung des bewerteten Norm‐Trittschallpegels im Bau L'n,w erfolgt aktuell in der DIN 4109‐2:2018 sowohl für den Massivbau als auch für den Holz‐, Leicht‐ und Trockenbau unter Berücksichtigung relativ pauschaler Korrekturen für die flankierende Schallübertragung. Darüber hinaus unterliegen die derzeitigen Verfahren einigen weiteren gravierenden Beschränkungen des Anwendungsbereiches, die eine Überarbeitung der Verfahren wünschenswert erscheinen lassen. Basierend auf dem neuen vereinfachten Verfahren der DIN EN ISO 12354‐2:2017 werden deshalb Berechnungsverfahren auf der Basis von Einzahlangaben vorgestellt, mit denen die direkte und die flankierende Trittschallübertragung, wie beim Luftschall, getrennt berechnet und anschließend aufsummiert werden. Hierdurch ergeben sich deutlich bessere Möglichkeiten, die tatsächliche Bausituation im Rechenmodell abzubilden und somit eine bessere Übereinstimmung zwischen dem prognostizierten und einem gemessenen Wert zu erhalten. Im Massivbau kann beispielsweise eine Vorsatzkonstruktion im Empfangsraum vor dem trennenden oder dem flankierenden Bauteil entsprechend ihrer schalltechnischen Wirkung berücksichtigt werden. Weiterhin können auch horizontale oder diagonale Übertragungssituationen oder die Trittschallübertragung von Treppen abhängig von der jeweiligen baulichen Situation berechnet werden. Die neuen Berechnungsverfahren ermöglichen damit eine wirtschaftlichere Dimensionierung der Bauteile.
In vivo evaluation of bioprinted prevascularized bone tissue
Authors: Rukavina Patrick , Koch Fritz , Wehrle Maximilian , Tröndle Kevin , Björn Stark G. , Koltay Peter , Zimmermann Stefan , Zengerle Roland , Lampert Florian , Strassburg Sandra , Finkenzeller Günter , Simunovic Filip 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBioprinting can be considered as a progression of the classical tissue engineering approach, in which cells are randomly seeded into scaffolds. Bioprinting offers the advantage that cells can be placed with high spatial fidelity within three‐dimensional tissue constructs. A decisive factor to be addressed for bioprinting approaches of artificial tissues is that almost all tissues of the human body depend on a functioning vascular system for the supply of oxygen and nutrients. In this study, we have generated cuboid prevascularized bone tissue constructs by bioprinting human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by extrusion‐based bioprinting and drop‐on‐demand (DoD) bioprinting, respectively. The computer‐generated print design could be verified in vitro after printing. After subcutaneous implantation of bioprinted constructs in immunodeficient mice, blood vessel formation with human microvessels of different calibers could be detected arising from bioprinted HUVECs and stabilization of human blood vessels by mouse pericytes was observed. In addition, bioprinted ASCs were able to synthesize a calcified bone matrix as an indicator of ectopic bone formation. These results indicate that the combined bioprinting of ASCs and HUVECs represents a promising strategy to produce prevascularized artificial bone tissue for prospective applications in the treatment of critical‐sized bone defects.
Physiological performance and inflammatory markers as indicators of complications after oesophageal cancer surgery
Authors: Powell A G M T , Eley C , Abdelrahman T , Coxon A H , Chin C , Appadurai I , Davies R , Bailey D M , Lewis W G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The extent to which physiological factors influence outcome following oesophageal cancer surgery is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which cardiorespiratory fitness and selected metabolic factors predicted complications after surgery for carcinoma.

Methods
Two hundred and twenty-five consecutive patients underwent preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing to determine peak oxygen uptake (V˙o2peak), anaerobic threshold and the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (V˙e/V˙co2). Cephalic venous blood was assayed for serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin levels, and a full blood count was done. The primary outcome measure was the Morbidity Severity Score (MSS).

Results
One hundred and ninety-eight patients had anatomical resection. A high MSS (Clavien–Dindo grade III or above) was found in 48 patients (24·2 per cent) and was related to an increased CRP concentration (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) 0·62, P = 0·001) and lower V˙o2peak (AUC 0·36, P = 0·003). Dichotomization of CRP levels (above 10 mg/l) and V˙o2peak (below 18·6 ml per kg per min) yielded adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for a high MSS of 2·86 (P = 0·025) and 2·92 (P = 0·002) respectively. Compared with a cohort with a low Combined Inflammatory and Physiology Score (CIPS), the OR was 1·70 (95 per cent c.i. 0·85 to 3·39) for intermediate and 27·47 (3·12 to 241·69) for high CIPS (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
CRP and V˙o2peak were independently associated with major complications after potentially curative oesophagectomy for cancer. A composite risk score identified a group of patients with a high risk of developing complications.
Neurophysiologic evidence for increased retrieval suppression among negative ruminators
Authors: Nair Aarti , Eyer Joshua C. , Faust Mark E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionEvents (e.g., seeing a familiar face) may initiate retrieval of associated information (e.g., person's name), but not all cue‐initiated memory retrieval is welcome (e.g., trauma). Retrieval suppression refers to the ability to halt unwanted retrieval, and any erosion of memory associations in response to repeatedly excluding a memory from consciousness. The current study sought to examine event‐related potential (ERP, averaged scalp electrical recordings) correlates of inhibitory cognitive control of memory retrieval and any linkage of such control to ruminative memory styles.MethodsParticipants (N = 23) first learned face‐picture pairings. ERPs were then recorded as they viewed face cues while either bringing the associated picture to mind (think trial), or not allowing the associated picture to come to mind (no‐think trial).ResultsEmotional valence of learned pictures (negative versus neutral) modulated a posterior (P1, 100–150 ms) ERP associated with attention to the face cue. Memory strategy (think versus no‐think) modulated a frontal (P3, 350–450 ms) associated with alerting of the need to control retrieval. Both valence and strategy worked in combination to modulate a late posterior (LC, 450–550 ms) ERP associated with successful memory retrieval. Brooding, a negative form of rumination, was found to be positively correlated with the LC ERP.ConclusionThe results suggest early separation of emotional and strategic control of retrieval, but later combined control over access to working memory. Moreover, the positive correlation of brooding and the LC suggest that individuals who are high in application of perseverative strategies to memory retrieval will show greater modulation of the retrieval‐related LC ERP.
Joint effect of tobacco, alcohol, and oral HPV infection on head and neck cancer risk in the French West Indies
Authors: Auguste Aviane , Deloumeaux Jacqueline , Joachim Clarisse , Gaete Stanie , Michineau Leah , Herrmann‐Storck Cécile , Duflo Suzy , Luce Danièle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigated the role of tobacco and alcohol consumption on the occurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and the joint effects of these factors with oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the French West Indies, in the Caribbean. We conducted a population‐based case‐control study (145 cases and 405 controls). We used logistic regression models to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Two‐way interactions were assessed on both multiplicative and additive scales. Current smoking (OR = 11.6, 95% CI = 6.7‐20.1), drinking more than five glasses of alcohol per day (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.2‐4.7), and oral infection with High‐risk HPV (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.1‐5.0) were significantly associated with HNSCC. The combined exposure to tobacco and alcohol produced a significant synergistic effect on the incidence of HNSCC. Oral infection with High‐risk HPV increased the risk of HNSCC in never smokers and nondrinkers. The effects of tobacco, alcohol, and of the combined exposure of tobacco and alcohol were substantially lower in HPV‐positive than in HPV‐negative HNSCC. This is the first case‐control study to investigate the role of tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and oral HPV infection in an Afro‐Caribbean population. Although each of these risk factors has a significant effect, our findings indicate that tobacco and alcohol play a less important role in Hr‐HPV‐positive HNSCC. Further investigations are warranted notably on the interaction of these three risk factors by cancer site.
Advanced Platelet‐Rich Fibrin in Periosteal Inversion Technique for Root Coverage: A Case Report
Authors: Chellathurai Burnice Nalina Kumari , Ganesh Balaji , Rajaram Vijayalakshmi 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionThe management of gingival recession associated with esthetic concerns and root hypersensitivity is challenging, and its sequelae is based on the assessment of etiological factors and the degree of tissue involvement. Procedures using pedicle flaps, free soft tissue grafts, combination of pedicle flaps with grafts, barrier membranes, and the use of platelet concentrates are all effective for this purpose. The use of the third‐generation platelet concentrate, advanced platelet‐rich fibrin (A‐PRF), has evolved as a promising regenerative material for root coverage procedure wherein it acts as a scaffold and also accelerates wound healing due to its dense fibrin meshwork.Case PresentationThis case report, discusses treating an isolated maxillary Miller Class I recession in a 25‐year‐old male patient by a periosteal inversion method along with the A‐PRF membrane. A partial thickness flap was reflected; periosteum was inverted; and an A‐PRF membrane was placed over the denuded root surface which aided in enhanced regeneration; 100% root coverage was obtained as seen in follow‐up visits.ConclusionThe periosteal inversion technique along with an A‐PRF membrane seems to be a novel approach in managing an isolated Miller Class I maxillary gingival recession.
Has the US Child Welfare System Become an Informal Income Maintenance Programme? A Literature Review
Authors: Conrad Aislinn , Gamboni Casey , Johnson Victoria , Wojciak Armeda Stevenson , Ronnenberg Megan 
Published: August 2020

Anti‐poverty policies and income maintenance programmes aim to reduce poverty and income inequality, yet rates of poverty and income inequality have remained stable or increased in 20 of 29 developed nations. Although poverty and income inequality have increased in the USA, the depth and reach of income maintenance programmes have eroded, placing undue strain on other societal systems like education and child welfare. The burden of poverty on child welfare is troubling given the strong association between poverty and child welfare involvement. We conducted a literature review to examine the extent to which the US child welfare system acts as an informal income maintenance programme. Three interrelated research questions were explored: (a) How and when, and under what circumstances, does the US child welfare system provide families with cash and in‐kind transfers, that is, income, food, shelter and durable goods? (b) Which cash and in‐kind transfers are most common in the US child welfare system? (c) How do cash and in‐kind transfers impact families in the child welfare system? Our review yielded eight articles. These articles indicated that cash and in‐kind transfers improve programme retention and reduce child welfare involvement. Implications for research, policy and practice are discussed.‘We conducted a literature review to examine the extent to which the US child welfare system acts as an informal income maintenance programme’Key Practitioner Messages

US child welfare programmes offer cash and in‐kind transfers similar to those provided in centralised income maintenance programmes.
Cash and in‐kind transfers like food, housing and strollers reduce child welfare involvement and increase programme retention.
Conditional cash transfers are cash incentives that boost recruitment and retention in parenting programmes.
Even inexpensive material support like donated clothing improve family and programme outcomes in the child welfare system.
2‐Aminobenzothiazoles Inhibit Virulence Gene Expression and Block Polymyxin Resistance in Salmonella enterica
Authors: Thielen Michaela K. , Vaneerd Cody K. , Goswami Manibarsha , Carlson Erin E. , May John F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne promising strategy to combat antibiotic‐resistant bacteria is to develop compounds that block bacterial defenses against antibacterial conditions produced by the innate immune system. Salmonella enterica, which causes food‐borne gastroenteritis and typhoid fever, requires histidine kinases (HKs) to resist innate immune defenses such as cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Herein, we report that 2‐aminobenzothiazoles block histidine kinase‐dependent phenotypes in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. We found that 2‐aminobenzothiazoles inhibited growth under low Mg2+, a stressful condition that requires histidine kinase‐mediated responses, and decreased expression of the virulence genes pagC and pagK. Furthermore, we discovered that 2‐aminobenzothiazoles weaken Salmonella’s resistance to polymyxin B and polymyxin E, which are last‐line antibiotics and models for host defense CAMPs. These findings raise the possibilities that 2‐aminobenzothiazoles can block HK‐mediated bacterial defenses and can be used in combination with polymyxins to treat infections caused by Salmonella.
The Serratia grimesii outer membrane vesicles‐associated grimelysin triggers bacterial invasion of eukaryotic cells
Authors: Bozhokina Ekaterina , Kever Lyudmila , Khaitlina Sofia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSerratia grimesii are facultative pathogenic bacteria that can penetrate a wide range of host cells and cause infection, especially in immunocompromised patients. Previously, we have found that bacterial metalloprotease grimelysin is a potential virulence determinant of S. grimesii invasion (E. S. Bozhokina et al., (2011). Cell Biology International, 35(2), 111–118). Protease is characterized as an actin‐hydrolyzing enzyme with a narrow specificity toward other cell proteins. It is not known, however, whether grimelysin is transported into eukaryotic cells. Here, we show, for the first time, that S. grimesii can generate outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) displayed specific proteolytic activity against actin, characteristic of grimelysin. The presence of grimelysin was also confirmed by the Western blot analysis of S. grimesii OMVs lysate. Furthermore, confocal microscopy analysis revealed that the S. grimesii grimelysin‐containing OMVs attached to the host cell membrane. Finally, pretreatment of HeLa cells with S. grimesii OMVs before the cells were infected with bacteria increased the bacterial penetration several times. These data strongly suggest that protease grimelysin promotes S. grimesii internalization by modifying bacterial and/or host molecule(s) when it is delivered as a component of OMVs.
Neurogenic pulmonary edema secondary to epileptic seizure
Authors: Yonekawa Jun , Miyazaki Shinichi , Ieda Toshiaki , Ikeda Takuya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a non‐cardiogenic pulmonary edema that is caused by an acute central nervous system injury and usually develops rapidly after an injury. Although several episodes of NPE resolve spontaneously, the condition may cause unexpected death among patients with epilepsy.