bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of bisphosphonates on long-term kidney transplantation outcomes
Authors: Song Seung Hwan , Choi Hoon Young , Kim Ha Yan , Nam Chung Mo , Jeong Hyeon Joo , Kim Myoung Soo , Kim Soon I I , Kim Yu Seun , Huh Kyu Ha , Kim Beom Seok 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundBisphosphonates are administered to post-transplantation patients with mineral and bone disorders; however, the association between bisphosphonate therapy and long-term renal graft survival remains unclear.MethodsThis nested case–control study investigated the effects of bisphosphonates on long-term graft outcomes after kidney transplantation. We enrolled 3836 kidney transplant recipients treated from April 1979 to June 2016 and matched patients with graft failure to those without (controls). Annual post-transplant bone mineral density assessments were performed and recipients with osteopenia or osteoporosis received bisphosphonate therapy. The associations between bisphosphonate use and long-term graft outcomes and graft survival were analyzed using conditional logistic regression and landmark analyses, respectively.ResultsA landmark analysis demonstrated that death-censored graft survival was significantly higher in bisphosphonate users than in non-users in the entire cohort (log-rank test, P &lt; 0.001). In the nested case–control matched cohort, bisphosphonate users had a significantly reduced risk of graft failure than did non-users (odds ratio = 0.38; 95% confidence interval 0.30–0.48). Bisphosphonate use, increased cumulative duration of bisphosphonate use &gt;1 year and increased cumulative bisphosphonate dose above the first quartile were associated with a reduced risk of graft failure, after adjustments.ConclusionsBisphosphonates may improve long-term graft survival in kidney transplant recipients.
Les dons de lait humain pasteurisé et non pasteurisé
Authors: Pound Catherine , Unger Sharon , Blair Becky 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Il est universellement reconnu que le lait humain est la source de nutrition exclusive optimale pour les nouveau-nés de 0 à six mois et qu’il peut faire partie du régime du nourrisson en santé jusqu’à l’âge de deux ans et même après. Malgré les avancées dans le secteur des préparations lactées pour nourrisson, le lait humain apporte tout un éventail d’avantages, en partie grâce à sa matrice bioactive qu’aucune autre source d’alimentation ne peut reproduire. Lorsque la mère produit une quantité de lait insuffisante pour son nouveau-né vulnérable, du lait pasteurisé de donneuses devrait être rendu disponible pour compléter le lait maternel et être le premier choix proposé, suivi des préparations lactées commerciales. La quantité de lait de ce type est limitée au Canada, et sa distribution est priorisée auprès des nouveau-nés malades et hospitalisés. Le partage informel de lait humain consiste à donner et recevoir du lait humain exprimé sans passer par une banque de lait humain. Il comporte un risque de transmission de bactéries et de virus en plus d’être lié à des irrégularités et des incertitudes à l’égard du dépistage des donneuses. Les pédiatres et les autres dispensateurs de soins doivent connaître les risques du partage informel de lait humain et être en mesure de proposer des possibilités plus sécuritaires aux familles.
Are telephone consultations here to stay in rheumatology?
Authors: Raizada Sabrina R , Cleaton Natasha , Bateman James , Mulherin Diarmuid M , Barkham Nick 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
During the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face rheumatology follow-up appointments were mostly replaced with telephone or virtual consultations in order to protect vulnerable patients. We aimed to investigate the perspectives of rheumatology patients on the use of telephone consultations compared with the traditional face-to-face consultation.

Methods
We carried out a retrospective survey of all rheumatology follow-up patients at the Royal Wolverhampton Trust who had received a telephone consultation from a rheumatology consultant during a 4-week period via an online survey tool.

Results
Surveys were distributed to 1213 patients, of whom 336 (27.7%) responded, and 306 (91.1%) patients completed all components of the survey. Overall, an equal number of patients would prefer telephone clinics or face-to-face consultations for their next routine appointment. When divided by age group, the majority who preferred the telephone clinics were &lt;50 years old [χ2 (d.f. = 3) = 10.075, P = 0.018]. Prevalence of a smartphone was higher among younger patients (&lt;50 years old: 46 of 47, 97.9%) than among older patients (≥50 years old: 209 of 259, 80.7%) [χ2 (d.f. = 3) = 20.919, P &lt; 0.001]. More patients reported that they would prefer a telephone call for urgent advice (168, 54.9%).

Conclusion
Most patients interviewed were happy with their routine face-to-face appointment being switched to a telephone consultation. Of those interviewed, patients &gt;50 years old were less likely than their younger counterparts to want telephone consultations in place of face-to-face appointments. Most patients in our study would prefer a telephone consultation for urgent advice. We must ensure that older patients and those in vulnerable groups who value in-person contact are not excluded. Telephone clinics in some form are here to stay in rheumatology for the foreseeable future.
An incidental finding of Dandy-Walker malformation
Authors: Hochberg Eric , Niles Erin 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Dandy-Walker malformation is a rare congenital anomaly affecting the posterior fossa, occurring in one in 30,000 births. Its hallmark characteristics include hypoplasia of the vermis, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and an enlarged posterior fossa. This case study describes a finding of Dandy-Walker malformation during a workup of encephalopathy in a patient on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Understanding the most commonly billed diagnoses in primary care
Authors: Rogers Julia , Schallmo Marianne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
Abdominal pain affects nearly every person at some point in their lifetime. Abdominal pain may be vague or referred, often making the diagnosis elusive and challenging for NPs. This article reviews the pathophysiology of abdominal pain in relation to clinical manifestations, differential diagnoses, and treatment.
ACDF With Total En Bloc Resection of Uncinate in Foraminal Stenosis of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Mella Pierre , Suk Kyung-Soo , Kim HaK-Sun , Lee Hwan-Mo , Moon Seong-Hwan , Park Sang-Jun , Lee Byung-Ho , Shin Jae-Won 
Published: December 2020

Study Design:
This was a prospective cohort study.

Objectives:
To find out any differences in clinical outcomes when adding an en bloc total uncinate process resection (TUPR) to conventional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) to relieve an impinged nerve root.

Summary of Background Data:
There has been a long debate on the extent of cervical decompression needed when ACDF is done for patients with foraminal stenosis.

Materials and Methods:
We included 606 patients who underwent ACDF due to foraminal stenosis. Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Patients with a soft disk herniation, myelopathy, anterior-posterior combined surgery or revision surgery were excluded. There were 275 patients (group U) who underwent ACDF with TUPR and 331 patients (group N) who underwent ACDF without TUPR. Clinical outcome measures were neck pain and arm pain, both assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). We also measured Neck Disability Index (NDI) and patient-reported subjective improvement rate (PRSIR) in percentage. These parameters were measured preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, at 6 weeks as well as 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months. Statistical analysis was performed using independent sample t test and paired sample t test.

Results:
Preoperative neck and arm pain, and NDI were similar between the 2 groups. All 4 parameters in both groups improved significantly at 6 weeks follow-up and the improved outcomes were maintained up to the 24 month follow-up. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in overall neck pain VAS, NDI, and PRSIR. There was a significant difference in arm pain VAS statistically all throughout the follow-up period, with group U having lesser arm pain.

Conclusions:
Overall clinical outcomes were significantly improved after the ACDF whether an en bloc uncinate process resection was added or not. However, arm pain VAS was significantly less statistically in the uncinate resection group at all times.
Clinical Outcomes With the Use of Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Motta Jishu Kaul , Ogunnaike Rahila O. , Shah Rutvik , Stroever Stephanie , Cedeño Harold V. , Thapa Shyam K. , Chronakos John J. , Jimenez Eric J. , Petrini Joann , Hegde Abhijith 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
To determine the impact of anticoagulation on inhospital mortality among coronavirus disease 2019-positive patients with the a priori hypothesis that there would be a lower risk of inhospital mortality with use of preemptive therapeutic over prophylactic dose enoxaparin or heparin.

Design Setting:
Retrospective cohort study from April 1, 2020, to April 25, 2020. The date of final follow-up was June 12, 2020 Two large, acute-care hospitals in Western Connecticut.

Patients:
Five hundred and one inpatients were identified after discharge as 18 years or older and positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The final sample size included 374 patients after applying exclusion criteria. Demographic variables were collected via hospital billing inquiries, whereas the clinical variables were abstracted from patients’ medical records.

Exposure:
Preemptive enoxaparin or heparin at a therapeutic or prophylactic dose.

Main Results:
When comparing treatments through multivariable analysis, risk of inhospital mortality was 2.3 times greater in patients receiving preemptive therapeutic anticoagulation (95% CI = 1.0–4.9; p = 0.04). Additionally, the average treatment effects were higher (β = 0.11, p = 0.01) in the therapeutic group.

Conclusions:
An increase in inhospital mortality was observed among patients on preemptive therapeutic anticoagulation. Thus, in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 and its complications, we recommend further research and cautious use of preemptive therapeutic over prophylactic anticoagulation.
Tolerability of Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine as Adjuvant Setting in Japanese Patients With Resected Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ueno Makoto , Morinaga Soichiro , Hashimoto Yusuke , Umemoto Kumiko , Sasahira Naoki , Saiura Akio , Seyama Yasuji , Honda Goro , Ioka Tatsuya , Takahashi Hidenori , Miyamoto Atsushi , Nakamori Shoji , Unno Michiaki , Takadate Tatsuyuki , Mizuno Nobumasa , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Ueno Hideki , Sugiyama Masanori , Fukutomi Akira , Shimizu Satoshi , Okusaka Takuji , Furuse Junji 
Published: December 2020

Objective
The combination of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) has not been studied in Japanese patients with resectable pancreatic cancer (PC). This study aimed to assess the tolerability of adjuvant GnP in Japanese patients with resected PC.

Methods
This was a Phase I, open-label, multicenter, single-arm study of patients with resected PC in Japan. Patients received 125 mg/m2 of nab-paclitaxel and 1000 mg/m2 of gemcitabine on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle for a total of 6 cycles. The primary end point was tolerability, defined as the absence of specific grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events by the end of cycle 2. Secondary end points included safety, disease-free survival, and overall survival.

Results
Forty-one patients were enrolled between June 2016 and February 2017 (median age, 68 years; 51% male; stage II, 95%). Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel met the tolerability criteria in 39 of the 40 patients included in the tolerability analysis set (97.5%). The most common treatment-related adverse events were leukopenia, neutropenia, alopecia, and peripheral sensory neuropathy. After a follow-up of 30.1 months, median disease-free survival was 17.0 months and median overall survival was not reached.

Conclusions
These results show that adjuvant GnP is tolerable in Japanese patients with resected PC.

Clinical Trial Registration No.: JapicCTI-163179
Role of Bile Acids and Bile Salts in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Tran Quang Trung , Tran Van Huy , Sendler Matthias , Doller Julia , Wiese Mats , Bolsmann Robert , Wilden Anika , Glaubitz Juliane , Modenbach Jana Marielle , Thiel Franziska Gisela , de Freitas Chama Laura L. , Weiss Frank Ulrich , Lerch Markus M. , Aghdassi Ali A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastroenterological disorders leading to hospitalization. It has long been debated whether biliary AP, about 30% to 50% of all cases, is induced by bile acids (BAs) when they reach the pancreas via reflux or via the systemic blood circulation.
Besides their classical function in digestion, BAs have become an attractive research target because of their recently discovered property as signaling molecules. The underlying mechanisms of BAs have been investigated in various studies. Bile acids are internalized into acinar cells through specific G-protein–coupled BA receptor 1 and various transporters. They can further act via different receptors: the farnesoid X, ryanodine, and inositol triphosphate receptor. Bile acids induce a sustained Ca2+ influx from the endoplasmic reticulum and release of Ca2+ from acidic stores into the cytosol of acinar cells. The overload of intracellular Ca2+ results in mitochondrial depolarization and subsequent acinar cell necrosis. In addition, BAs have a biphasic effect on pancreatic ductal cells. A more detailed characterization of the mechanisms through which BAs contribute to the disease pathogenesis and severity will greatly improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and may allow for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for gallstone-inducedAP.
Black Cisgender Women's PrEP Knowledge, Attitudes, Preferences, and Experience in Chicago
Authors: Hirschhorn Lisa R. , Brown Rayna N. , Friedman Eleanor E. , Greene George J. , Bender Alvie , Christeller Catherine , Bouris Alida , Johnson Amy K. , Pickett Jim , Modali Laxmi , Ridgway Jessica P. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Although black cisgender women in Chicago continue to disproportionally account for new HIV diagnoses, few are on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We used concurrent mixed-methods to understand women's PrEP knowledge, attitudes, experience, and preferences in Chicago.

Setting and Methods:
We surveyed 370 HIV(−) cisgender women visiting a sexually transmitted infection clinic (n = 120) or emergency department (n = 250). Two focus groups were conducted with PrEP-naive women, and interviews were conducted with 7 PrEP-experienced women. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression, and qualitative data using thematic analysis.

Results:
Majority of women identified as black (83.0%) and had a regular source of health care (70.0%). In the past 6 months, 84.1% had vaginal or anal sex, most with inconsistent condom use (94.2%). Only 30.3% had heard of PrEP, but once explained, one-quarter considered starting PrEP, with protecting health (76.4%) and reducing HIV worry (58.1%) the most common reasons. Factors associated with considering PrEP included being Latina [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.21 to 8.99)], recent sexually transmitted infection [aOR: 2.39, 95% CI: (1.25 to 4.59)], and higher belief in PrEP effectiveness [aOR: 1.85, 95% CI: (1.22 to 2.82)]. Most (81.1%) had concerns about taking PrEP with side effects a common concern. Qualitative themes aligned with survey results, revealing a disconnection from current PrEP marketing, need for community-level PrEP education/outreach, and importance of provider trust.

Lessons Learned:
Despite significant PrEP implementation work in Chicago, less than one-third of women in our study had heard of PrEP. Once informed, PrEP attitudes and interest were positive. Translating these results into interventions reflecting women's preferences and barriers is critical to increase PrEP uptake by cisgender women in Chicago and elsewhere.
Patient-Provider Communication Regarding Referral to Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Mitoff Peter R. , Wesolowski Marta , Abramson Beth L. , Grace Sherry L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the dynamics of patient-provider communication in the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) referral process, to identify which aspects lead to CR participation. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 31 patients eligible for CR. Questions probed the content and perception of the discussion that patients had with healthcare providers (HCP) regarding CR attendance. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and imported into N6 software for grounded analyses. Key emerging themes were identified: illness perceptions; HCP encouragement; timing of discussion; and ease of referral. CR attenders were apt to self-advocate to ensure their enrollment in CR, whereas nonattenders were more likely to minimize the seriousness of their disease, and less likely to persevere to overcome obstacles in enrolling in a CR program. Surprisingly, the strength of the HCP referral did not influence the decision to attend CR as strongly when compared to the HCP’s ability to facilitate enrollment in a CR program.
scCODA: A Bayesian model for compositional single-cell data analysis
Authors: Büttner M. , Ostner J. , Müller CL. , Theis FJ. , Schubert B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCompositional changes of cell types are main drivers of biological processes. Their detection through single-cell experiments is difficult due to the compositionality of the data and low sample sizes. We introduce scCODA (https://github.com/theislab/scCODA), a Bayesian model addressing these issues enabling the study of complex cell type effects in disease, and other stimuli. scCODA demonstrated excellent detection performance and identified experimentally verified cell type changes that were missed in original analyses.
From neuron to muscle to movement: a complete biomechanical model ofHydracontractile behaviors
Authors: Wang Hengji , Swore Joshua , Sharma Shashank , Szymanski John , Yuste Rafael , Daniel Thomas , Regnier Michael , Bosma Martha , Fairhall Adrienne L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHow does neural activity drive muscles to produce behavior? The recent development of genetic lines inHydrathat allow complete calcium imaging of both neuronal and muscle activity, as well as systematic machine learning quantification of behaviors, makes this small Cnidarian an ideal model system to understand and model the complete transformation from neural firing to body movements. As a first step to achieve this, we have built a biomechanical model ofHydra, incorporating its neuronal activity, muscle activity and body column biomechanics, incorporating its fluid-filled hydrostatic skeleton. Our model is based on experimental measurements of neuronal and muscle activity, and assumes gap junctional coupling among muscle cells and calcium-dependent force generation y muscles. With these assumptions, we can robustly reproduce a basic set ofHydra’sbehaviors. We can further explain puzzling experimental observations, including the dual kinetics observed in muscle activation and the different engagement of ecto- and endodermal muscle in different behaviors. This work delineates the spatiotemporal control space ofHydramovement and can serve as a template for future efforts to systematically decipher the transformations in the neural basis of behavior.
Transformer protein language models are unsupervised structure learners
Authors: Rao Roshan , Meier Joshua , Sercu Tom , Ovchinnikov Sergey , Rives Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnsupervised contact prediction is central to uncovering physical, structural, and functional constraints for protein structure determination and design. For decades, the predominant approach has been to infer evolutionary constraints from a set of related sequences. In the past year, protein language models have emerged as a potential alternative, but performance has fallen short of state-of-the-art approaches in bioinformatics. In this paper we demonstrate that Transformer attention maps learn contacts from the unsupervised language modeling objective. We find the highest capacity models that have been trained to date already outperform a state-of-the-art unsupervised contact prediction pipeline, suggesting these pipelines can be replaced with a single forward pass of an end-to-end model.1
Computational model for migration of human osteoblasts in direct current electric field
Authors: Dawson Jonathan Edward , Sellmann Tina , Porath Katrin , Bader Rainer , Rienen Ursula van , Appali Revathi , Köhling Rüdiger 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnder both physiological (development, regeneration) and pathological conditions (cancer metastasis), cells migrate while sensing environmental cues in the form of mechanical, chemical or electrical stimuli. Although it is known that osteoblasts respond to exogenous electric fields, the underlying mechanism of electrotactic collective movement of human osteoblasts is unclear. Theoretical approaches to study electrotactic cell migration until now mainly used reaction-diffusion models, and did not consider the effect of electric field on single-cell motility, or incorporate spatially dependent cell-to-cell interactions. Here, we present a computational model that takes into account cell interactions and describes cell migration in direct current electric field. We compare this model within vitroexperiments in which human primary osteoblasts are exposed to direct current electric field of varying field strength. Our results show that cell-cell interactions and fluctuations in the migration direction together lead to anode-directed collective migration of osteoblasts.Author summaryElectrotactic migration of cells involves directed movement of a large number of single cells under the influence of external electric field. Influencing the migration behaviour of osteoblasts by external direct current electric field offers a promising approach towards building highly effective implants for bone regeneration. We present a computational model for electrotactic migration of osteoblasts subject to external direct current electric field. Our model considers individual cells that interact with each other and the external electric field, and, replicates the experimental observations, based on single-cell analysis, of the response of osteoblasts to electrical stimulation of varying strengths for 7 hours. Our results suggest that tracking trajectories of individual cells provide a way of determining the role of various interactions of a cell in collective migration. Our model provides a framework that links single cell response to the large scale collective dynamics.