bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of spatial and temporal scale on the relative importance of biotic vs. abiotic factors for species distributions
Authors: King Travis W. , Vynne Carly , Miller David , Fisher Scott , Fitkin Scott , Rohrer John , Ransom Jason I. , Thornton Daniel H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractsAimThe scales of space and time over which biotic interactions influence distribution patterns remain an area of debate. Biotic interactions may be particularly influential in the ecology of mammalian carnivores, which engage in strong predator–prey and competitive interactions. Regional, multi‐scale data on distribution patterns of interacting carnivore species are key to informing our understanding of this issue.LocationWashington State, USA.MethodsUsing a spatially extensive camera‐trapping array, we examined the factors influencing distribution patterns of seven carnivore species at multiple spatial and temporal scales. We used single‐species occupancy models to assess the relative influence of abiotic and biotic covariates on distribution of individual carnivore species, and two‐species occupancy models to assess how dominant carnivores influence subordinate carnivore occupancy and detection.ResultsCarnivore occupancy patterns responded more strongly to abiotic than biotic covariates at both spatial grains and extents of analysis. The influence of biotic variables decreased as the grain of analysis increased, while constraining our study area extent substantially decreased the explanatory power of abiotic variables. Interspecific interactions among carnivores influenced occupancy and detection across spatial scales. However, there was little evidence that interactions were more pronounced at finer temporal scales.Main ConclusionsResults demonstrate that at broad spatial extents, species distributions are largely dictated by abiotic factors, particularly climate. Although biotic factors related to habitat and prey were important factors for some species, they generally declined in importance as grain size of analysis increased, suggesting these interactions play out at finer resolutions. However, competitive and mutualistic interactions exerted an independent influence on distribution over broad extents and coarse grains of analysis, suggesting that failure to account for interactions may limit our ability to accurately model distributions of species and their responses to future large‐scale disturbances.
Microbiological evaluation of resection margins of the infected diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Macauley Mavin , Adams George , Mackenny Paul , Kubelka Igor , Scott Emma , Buckworth Rebecca , Biddiscombe Claire , Aitkins Christopher , Lake Hannah , Matthews Vicky , Ashraff Suhel , Ashwell Simon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of surgical debridement on the microbiology of resection margins of an infected diabetic foot ulcer and to compare the use of marginal sampling as a guide for antimicrobial therapy.MethodsForty consecutive participants were studied. Tissue samples from infected diabetic foot ulcers were obtained at first contact by podiatrists. After surgical debridement to macroscopically healthy tissue, multiple samples were obtained from the margins of the residuum and also from excised non‐viable tissue. Debridement was done by a single surgeon. Bacterial species were classified according to pathogenic potential a priori into Red Group—Definite pathogen causing infection, Yellow Group—Likely to be causing infection if present in more than one specimen and Green Group –Commensals, not causing infection.ResultsThere was a relative reduction of 49% (p = 0.002) in bacteria in the most pathogenic (red) group, and 59% (p = 0.002) in the yellow group in podiatry samples compared with resection specimen. Positive cultures from margins of the residuum were observed in 75% of cases. There was a relative reduction of 67% (p = 0.0001) in bacteria in the red and 48% (p = 0.06) in the yellow group in marginal samples from the residuum compared with podiatry samples.ConclusionsAfter surgical debridement to healthy tissue, positive cultures from marginal tissue samples provided vital information on the presence of pathogenic bacteria. This allowed antibiotics to be individualised post‐surgical debridement.
Seven‐tesla quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy of glutamate, γ‐aminobutyric acid, and glutathione in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Gonen Ofer M. , Moffat Bradford A. , Desmond Patricia M. , Lui Elaine , Kwan Patrick , O’Brien Terence J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus is a key hub of the default mode network, whose function is known to be altered in epilepsy. Glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, respectively. Glutathione (GSH) is the most important free radical scavenging compound in the brain. Quantification of these molecules by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) up to 4 T is limited by overlapping resonances from other molecules. In this study, we used ultra–high‐field (7 T) MRS to quantify their concentrations in patients with different epilepsy syndromes.MethodsNineteen patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 16 with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans using a 7‐T research scanner. Single‐voxel (8 cm3) MRS, located in the PCC/precuneus, was acquired via stimulated echo acquisition mode. Their results were compared to 10 healthy volunteers.ResultsMean concentrations of glutamate, GABA, and the glutamate/GABA ratio did not differ between the IGE, TLE, and healthy volunteer groups. The mean ± SD concentration of GSH was 1.9 ± 0.3 mmol·L–1 in healthy controls, 2.0 ± 0.2 mmol·L–1 in patients with TLE, and 2.2 ± 0.4 mmol·L–1 in patients with IGE. One‐way analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey‐Kramer test revealed a significant difference in the concentration of GSH between patients with IGE and controls (P = .03). Short‐term seizure freedom in patients with epilepsy was predicted by an elevated concentration of glutamate in the PCC/precuneus (P = .01). In patients with TLE, the concentration of GABA declined with age (P = .03).SignificancePatients with IGE have higher concentrations of GSH in the PCC/precuneus than healthy controls. There is no difference in the concentrations of glutamate and GABA, or their ratio, in the PCC/precuneus between patients with IGE, patients with TLE, and healthy controls. Measuring the concentration of glutamate in the PCC/precuneus may assist with predicting drug response.
Stock price synchronicity, cognitive biases, and momentum
Authors: Chen Chen , Doukas John A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe momentum anomaly is widely attributed to investor cognitive biases, but the trigger of cognitive biases is largely unexplored. In this study, inspired by psychology studies linking cognitive biases to the noisiness of information, we examine whether momentum returns are associated with high stock price synchronicity, a manifestation of noisy firm‐specific information. Our results demonstrate that momentum is more pronounced in the presence of high stock price synchronicity. This finding is robust to other explanations and firm characteristics. We also find that stock price synchronicity boosts the profitability of momentum by amplifying investor underreaction to new information.
Outcome of patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 and exposure to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin‐receptor blockers in France: results of the ACE‐CoV study
Authors: Lafaurie Margaux , Martin‐Blondel Guillaume , Delobel Pierre , Charpentier Sandrine , Sommet Agnès , Moulis Guillaume 
Published: October 2020

AbstractData are lacking on the impact of ACEI/ARB exposure on unfavorable outcome in the population of patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 with hypertension/cardiovascular disease, particularly in Europe. The ACE‐CoV study was designed to assess this question. The study was conducted in the Covid‐Clinic‐Toul cohort, which contains data about all patients hospitalized at Toulouse University hospital, France with a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection since March, 2020. We selected the patients with a history of cardiovascular disease (heart failure or coronary disease) and/or arterial hypertension. We conducted a subgroup analysis in patients with arterial hypertension. ACEI/ARB exposures at admission were assessed. The outcome was composite: admission to intensive care unit, need of mechanical ventilation or death during the 14 days after admission to hospital. We used logistic regression models with propensity scores (PS) weighted by overlap weighting (OW) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Between March 2020 and April 20, 2020, the Covid‐Clinic‐Toul included 263 patients. Among them, 111 were included in the ACE‐CoV study population. In OW‐PS‐adjusted analyses, the association of exposure to ACEIs or ARBs with outcome occurrence was OR: 1.56 (95% CI: 0.73–3.33). It was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.68–1.45) for ACEIs and 1.64 (95% CI: 0.77–3.50) for ARBs. Analyses with weighting by the IPTW‐PS method gave similar results. Results were similar when considering the subgroup of patients with arterial hypertension. The ACE‐CoV study found no association between exposure to ACEIs or ARBs and unfavorable outcome in hospitalized patients for COVID‐19 with a history of cardiovascular disease/arterial hypertension.
Dynamics of anchovy and sardine populations in the Canary Current off NW Africa: Responses to environmental and climate forcing in a climate‐to‐fish ecosystem model
Authors: Sánchez‐Garrido José C. , Fiechter Jerome , Rose Kenneth A. , Werner Francisco E. , Curchitser Enrique N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA 50‐year‐long (1958–2008) historical simulation of a climate‐to‐fish ecosystem model for anchovy (Eugralis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) populations in the upwelling ecosystem off NW Africa is revisited and analyzed. Anchovy and sardine annual adult abundances were correlated at interannual and decadal time scales in the historical run. A three‐step analysis method applied unraveled the environmental and life stage‐specific drivers underlying the bottom‐up mechanisms responsible for the simulated variability in anchovy and sardine populations. Changes in anchovy adult abundance were primarily controlled by larval survival, prey availability, and local upwelling strength, whereas sardine adult abundance was controlled by age‐1 growth affecting age‐2 fecundity and egg production via prey availability. Despite different diet preferences, the common sensitivity of anchovy and sardine to prey availability had a synchronizing effect on the two populations, with both anchovy and sardine doing better during years of higher plankton biomass and colder ocean temperatures. Analysis of potential links with modes of climate variability showed that anchovy dynamics were more tightly connected to the AMO while sardine dynamics were correlated to the NAO. This difference stemmed from the vulnerability of the anchovy population to enhanced coastal upwelling causing increased larval drift mortality. Finally, based on an earlier, similar modeling study for the Californian anchovy and Pacific sardine, we argue that the relatively warmer habitat off NW Africa compared to the coastal region off central California is a key feature explaining synchronous populations in the Canary Current versus out‐of‐phase anchovy and sardine cycles in the California Current.
Microbial inputs at the litter layer translate climate into altered organic matter properties
Authors: Kohl Lukas , Myers‐Pigg Allison , Edwards Kate A. , Billings Sharon A. , Warren Jamie , Podrebarac Frances A. , Ziegler Susan E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlant litter chemistry is altered during decomposition but it remains unknown if these alterations, and thus the composition of residual litter, will change in response to climate. Selective microbial mineralization of litter components and the accumulation of microbial necromass can drive litter compositional change, but the extent to which these mechanisms respond to climate remains poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by studying needle litter decomposition along a boreal forest climate transect. Specifically, we investigated how the composition and/or metabolism of the decomposer community varies with climate, and if that variation is associated with distinct modifications of litter chemistry during decomposition. We analyzed the composition of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the litter layer and measured natural abundance δ13CPLFA values as an integrated measure of microbial metabolisms. Changes in litter chemistry and δ13C values were measured in litterbag experiments conducted at each transect site. A warmer climate was associated with higher litter nitrogen concentrations as well as altered microbial community structure (lower fungi:bacteria ratios) and microbial metabolism (higher δ13CPLFA). Litter in warmer transect regions accumulated less aliphatic‐C (lipids, waxes) and retained more O‐alkyl‐C (carbohydrates), consistent with enhanced 13C‐enrichment in residual litter, than in colder regions. These results suggest that chemical changes during litter decomposition will change with climate, driven primarily by indirect climate effects (e.g., greater nitrogen availability and decreased fungi:bacteria ratios) rather than direct temperature effects. A positive correlation between microbial biomass δ13C values and 13C‐enrichment during decomposition suggests that change in litter chemistry is driven more by distinct microbial necromass inputs than differences in the selective removal of litter components. Our study highlights the role that microbial inputs during early litter decomposition can play in shaping surface litter contribution to soil organic matter as it responds to climate warming effects such as greater nitrogen availability.
Clinical manifestations and factors associated with mortality from COVID‐19 in older adults: Retrospective population‐based study with 9807 older Brazilian COVID‐19 patients
Authors: de Souza Carlos DF , de Arruda Magalhães Amanda J , Lima Ayara JPD , Nunes Danielle N , de Fátima Machado Soares Érika , de Castro Silva Louryanne , Santos Lucas G , dos Santos Cardoso Vitória I , Nobre Yasmin VS , do Carmo Rodrigo F 
Published: October 2020

AimOlder adults are the main risk group for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This study aimed to describe the clinical manifestations and factors associated with mortality from COVID‐19 among older adults in Brazil.MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study was carried out with data from 9807 cases of COVID‐19 among older adults in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. We determined the case fatality rate between age groups and clinical factors associated with mortality.ResultsA total of 52.5% (n = 5145) were women, and with an average age of 70.21 ± 8.37 years. The fatality rate was 11.9%, with a higher rate in men (14.4%) compared with women (9.8%). The fatality rate increased with age. The most common manifestations were fever (n = 4926; 50.2%), cough (n = 5737; 58.5%), headache (n = 1980; 20.2%) and fatigue (n = 2022; 20.6%). The most prevalent comorbidities were diabetes (n = 1528; 5.6%), cardiovascular disease (n = 1528; 15.6%) and systemic arterial hypertension (n = 597; 6.1%). The factors associated with mortality were male sex (OR 1.54), age ≥75 years (OR 2.40), dyspnea (OR 2.92), diabetes (OR 2.33), hypertension (OR 1.53) and chronic kidney disease (OR 2.02).ConclusionsThe profile and the risk factors evidenced show the need to adopt mechanisms to protect the elderly population.
Medical and health informatics services during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic should be virtual, tailored, responsive and interactive: a case study in Belgium
Authors: S. Pauwels Nele , De Meulemeester Ann , Romagnoli Alessia , Buysse Heidi , Peleman Renaat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis is part of a new series in this regular feature regarding trends in the provision of information by health science libraries. By sharing expertise and drawing together relevant trends the series intends to serve as a road map for both health science librarians and health informatics professionals. This article shows how a medical and biomedical research library changed practices, and reassessed user needs for the COVID‐19 emergency. Discusses changes to online education (and collaborative working) to provide user‐friendly services, researcher support tailored to need and re‐visioning library space.J.M.
Ecologically enhanced healthcare at the Mater hospitals: the intersection between sustainable delivery, Pope Francis' care of the common home and indigenous land care in an era of climate challenges
Authors: Ting Joseph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe changes we are causing to our global environment now threaten everyone's health. As such, health systems and professionals should consider environmental sustainability as part of good health and care. Climate change is only one of the global challenges we face, but the problems presented by ignoring it, and the immediate health benefits offered by addressing it, are too significant for health professionals to ignore. High‐quality healthcare depends on addressing the social and environmental determinants of health and disease, more so in rural and indigenous areas. The Mater Hospital's reconciling Francis' global holistic approach to local Aboriginal expertise addresses both needs at the same time.
Warranty service outsourcing contracts decision considering warranty fraud and inspection
Authors: He Zhen , Zhang Yiwen , He Shuguang , Wang Dongfan , Huang He 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent years, some manufacturers outsource the warranty service for flexibility and cost efficiency. Therefore, the manufacturer has to face a problem of outsourcing warranty contract design to deal with the fraud of the agents in service. Considering a price‐and‐service‐sensitive demand, we studied two warranty‐outsourcing contracts (the fixed‐price contract and the cost‐based contract) in a supply chain setting comprising one risk‐neutral manufacturer and one risk‐averse service agent. The results show that, when the market is sensitive to warranty service, the cost‐based contract benefits the manufacturer in demand promotion. Interestingly, even if the cost‐based contract increases the amount of consumers for the service agent, the fixed‐price contract always benefits the agent with low risk‐aversion level.
Inquiry‐based mobile learning in secondary school science education: A systematic review
Authors: Liu Caihua , Zowghi Didar , Kearney Matthew , Bano Muneera 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent years have seen a growing call for inquiry‐based learning in science education, and mobile technologies are perceived as increasingly valuable tools to support this approach. However, there is a lack of understanding of mobile technology‐supported inquiry‐based learning (mIBL) in secondary science education. More evidence‐based, nuanced insights are needed into how using mobile technologies might facilitate students' engagement with various levels of inquiry and enhance their science learning. We, therefore, conducted a robust systematic literature review (SLR) of the research articles on mIBL in secondary school science education that have been published from 2000 to 2019. We reviewed and analysed 31 empirical studies (34 articles) to explore the types of mIBL, and the benefits and constraints of mIBL in secondary school science education. The findings of this SLR suggest new research areas for further exploration and provide implications for science teachers' selection, use and design of mIBL approaches in their teaching.
La línea, los Indignados, and the Post‐Postwar Generation in El Salvador
Authors: Guardado Torrez Clara , Moodie Ellen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article analyzes the political emergence of El Salvador's “post‐postwar generation” through a consideration of activists’ relationships to a political and revolutionary “party line,” la línea. This generation comprises people born at the end of, or after, the 1980–92 civil war. They have little or no memory of the war but have grown up in intense violence. The authors worked with members of this generation in distinct sites: in Segundo Montes Community, in a corner of the country once guerrilla territory, and in San Salvador, among middle‐class activists. Their self‐recognition as politically consequential, echoing youth around the globe, first developed through moments of hope—in memory of struggle and in the electoral victory of the party of former revolutionaries—and then through frustration, as those in power, including ex‐guerrilla leaders, resisted opening to new generations and proved themselves as corrupt as their predecessors.
Fibular and metatarsal osteosynthesis in a southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans)
Authors: Surita Lívia Eichenberg , Nicknich Daniela , dos Santos Eduardo Almeida Ruivo , Picoli Roberta , Monteiro Eduardo Raposo , Alievi Marcelo Meller 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHere we describe a successful surgical management of a distal fibular fracture combined with a tarsocrural luxation and multiple metatarsal fractures in the left foot of a southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans). We achieved satisfactory outcome by applying intramedullary pinning for each of the bone fractures and closed reduction of joint luxation—kept in place only by bone alignment, without further ligament reconstruction. Bone healing occurred uneventfully within eight weeks and the monkey's foot regained its normal function. Therefore, we could properly release the patient back into the wild.
A multi‐omic analysis of the dorsal striatum in an animal model of divergent genetic risk for alcohol use disorder
Authors: Grecco Gregory G. , Haggerty David L. , Doud Emma H. , Fritz Brandon M. , Yin Fuqin , Hoffman Hunter , Mosley Amber L. , Simpson Edward , Liu Yunlong , Baucum Anthony J. , Atwood Brady K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe development of selectively bred high and low alcohol‐preferring mice (HAP and LAP, respectively) has allowed for an assessment of the polygenetic risk for pathological alcohol consumption and phenotypes associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Accumulating evidence indicates that the dorsal striatum (DS) is a central node in the neurocircuitry underlying addictive processes. Therefore, knowledge of differential gene, protein, and phosphorylated protein expression in the DS of HAP and LAP mice may foster new insights into how aberrant DS functioning may contribute to AUD‐related phenotypes. To begin to elucidate these basal differences, a complementary and integrated analysis of DS tissue from alcohol‐naïve male and female HAP and LAP mice was performed using RNA sequencing, quantitative proteomics, and phosphoproteomics. These datasets were subjected to a thorough analysis of gene ontology, pathway enrichment, and hub gene assessment. Analyses identified 2,108, 390, and 521 significant differentially expressed genes, proteins, and phosphopeptides, respectively between the two lines. Network analyses revealed an enrichment in the differential expression of genes, proteins, and phosphorylated proteins connected to cellular organization, cytoskeletal protein binding, and pathways involved in synaptic transmission and functioning. These findings suggest that the selective breeding to generate HAP and LAP mice may lead to a rearrangement of synaptic architecture which could alter DS neurotransmission and plasticity differentially between mouse lines. These rich datasets will serve as an excellent resource to inform future studies on how inherited differences in gene, protein, and phosphorylated protein expression contribute to AUD‐related phenotypes.
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