bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effects of higenamine combined with [6]‐gingerol on chronic heart failure induced by doxorubicin via ameliorating mitochondrial function
Authors: Wen Jianxia , Zhang Lu , Wang Jian , Wang Jiabo , Wang Lifu , Wang Ruilin , Li Ruisheng , Liu Honghong , Wei Shizhang , Li Haotian , Zou Wenjun , Zhao Yanling 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigenamine (HG) is a natural benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Aconitum with positive inotropic and chronotropic effects. This study aimed to investigate the possible cardioprotective effects of HG combined with [6]‐gingerol (HG/[6]‐GR) against DOX‐induced chronic heart failure (CHF) by comprehensive approaches. DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity model in rats and H9c2 cells was established. Therapeutic effects of HG/[6]‐GR on haemodynamics, serum indices and histopathology of cardiac tissue were analysed. Cell mitochondrial energy phenotype and cell mitochondrial fuel flex were measured by a Seahorse XFp analyser. Moreover, UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS was performed to explore the potential metabolites affecting the therapeutic effects and pathological process of CHF. To further investigate the potential mechanism of HG/[6]‐GR, mRNA and protein expression levels of RAAS and LKB1/AMPK/Sirt1‐related pathways were detected. The present data demonstrated that the therapeutic effects of HG/[6]‐GR combination on CHF were presented in ameliorating heart function, down‐regulation serum indices and alleviating histological damage of heart tissue. Besides, HG/[6]‐GR has an effect on increasing cell viability of H9c2 cells, ameliorating DOX‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and elevating mitochondrial OCR and ECAR value. Metabolomics analyses showed that the therapeutic effect of HG/[6]‐GR combination is mainly associated with the regulation of fatty acid metabolites and energy metabolism pathways. Furthermore, HG/[6]‐GR has an effect on down‐regulating RAAS pathway‐related molecules and up‐regulating LKB1/AMPKα/Sirt1‐related pathway. The present work demonstrates that HG/[6]‐GR prevented DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity via the cardiotonic effect and promoting myocardial energy metabolism through the LKB1/AMPKα/Sirt1 signalling pathway, which promotes mitochondrial energy metabolism and protects against CHF.
Report of guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of common internal diseases in Chinese medicine: Headache
Authors: Ren Yongyan , Li Hui , Wang Yangyang , Chen Yaolong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHeadache is one of the most common clinical complaints and is listed as one of the top 10 disability disorders by the World Health Organization (WHO). For standardizing the diagnosis and treatment of headache and improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), on 30 January 2019, China Association of Chinese Medicine officially issued the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Internal Diseases in Chinese Medicine‐Headache (T/CACM 1271–2019). The Guidelines were developed following the method process recommended by Technical Requirements for the Revision of TCM Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines (pilot edition), and also referring to WHO Handbook for Guideline Development. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was also followed. The protocol was formulated by the guideline project team, which comprised of specialists of TCM encephalopathy, guideline methodologist, patient representative, etc. Question regarding the treatment of headaches in TCM were formulated and 18 most important ones were chosen as PICOs (population, intervention, comparison, outcomes). Comprehensive search and review of the literature were performed and the quality of the evidence was assessed and rated based on certain criteria. Twenty‐five recommendations were put forward in the Guidelines through three rounds of expert consensus based on their quality of evidence, in addition to the balance of pros and cons of these interventions, patient preferences and values, and economic factors. It is the first and the only clinical practice guide for Chinese medicine accepted by National Guidelines Clearinghouse in the world.
The relationship between sarcopenia and oral sarcopenia in elderly people
Authors: Kobuchi Ryuichiro , Okuno Kentaro , Kusunoki Takayuki , Inoue Taro , Takahashi Kazuya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia in the oral region, including the tongue, leads to declined swallowing function and dysphagia. Muscle mass and strength, and motor function in the oral region have not been examined together, and the relationship between generalised and oral sarcopenia remains unclear.Objective(s)The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between generalised sarcopenia and oral sarcopenia in the elderly in order to facilitate the establishment of a method for assessing oral sarcopenia.MethodsA total of 54 elderly persons participated in this study. We examined the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), grip strength (GS) and walking speed (WS) as the index of generalised sarcopenia, and the cross‐sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle (CSG), tongue pressure (TP) and oral diadochokinesis (ODK) as the index of oral sarcopenia.ResultsWe found a moderate correlation between CSG and SMI, a weak correlation between GS and TP, and a moderate correlation between WS and ODK. CSG, TP and ODK were significantly smaller in the sarcopenia group than in the non‐sarcopenia group. By multiple regression analysis, SMI and TP were significantly associated with CSG. ODK, BMI and CSG were significantly associated with TP. WS and SMI were significantly associated with ODK.ConclusionCSG, TP and ODK were confirmed as endpoints of oral sarcopenia. All endpoints of oral sarcopenia were influenced by those of generalised sarcopenia.
Detection and dynamics of anti‐platelet antibodies in thrombocytopenic dogs with and without idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Shropshire Sarah , Dow Steven , Lappin Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntiplatelet antibodies are detected in multiple diseases including primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Dynamics of how these antibodies change over time in ITP is unknown in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesAntiplatelet antibodies (APA) will be detected in thrombocytopenic dogs with multiple etiologies and dynamics of APA in dogs with ITP can be used to evaluate response to treatment and relapse. Determine APA at the time of diagnosis in thrombocytopenic dogs and serially in primary ITP dogs.AnimalsSeventy‐nine thrombocytopenic dogs and 28 primary ITP dogs.MethodsDirect flow cytometry was performed in thrombocytopenic dogs at initial evaluation and serially in suspected primary ITP dogs. In primary ITP dogs, a 2‐tailed Fisher's exact test was performed comparing survival to discharge between dogs with and without melena and to relate response to treatment and relapse to changes in APA and platelet count (repeated measures analysis, Spearman correlation).ResultsTwenty percent (16/79) of thrombocytopenic non‐ITP dogs with infectious, neoplastic, or other diseases and all primary ITP dogs were positive for APA. Melena at initial evaluation was associated with decreased survival to discharge (odds ratio 0.06;P= .01). Persistence of APA was not associated with response to treatment, but recurrence of antibodies was associated with relapse (odds ratio 205.0;P < .01). There was no difference in percentage of APA or platelet count at initial diagnosis between dogs that did or did not respond to treatment.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSerial monitoring of APA in dogs with primary ITP appeared beneficial for determining relapse of disease.
Thelongue duréeof enslavement: Extracting labor from Romani music in Liviu Rebreanu'sIon
Authors: Parvulescu Anca , Boatcă Manuela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe enslavement of Romani populations in East Europe remains an eloquent silence in labor history. This essay traces the imbrication of material histories and textual strategies that place Romani labor, especially as aesthetic performance, outside of the purview of labor histories of East Europe. We sketch a history of enslavement of Romani populations in Wallachia and Moldova and of their regulation in Transylvania. We argue that the Romanian‐language novelIon,which enlists Romani characters in the service of a narrative depicting the struggles of Romanian nationalism within the Austro‐Hungarian Empire, echoes this history of enslavement. Our analysis sheds light on Romani laborers' travels as constitutive of the co‐formations of art, labor, and nationalist struggle in an inter‐imperial world.
Ugandan Jajjas: Antecedents and rewards of caring for grandchildren in the context of HIV
Authors: Matovu Schola , Rankin Sally , Wallhagen Margaret 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe findings presented in this manuscript address two key research questions: (a) What factors contribute to the initiation and maintenance of the caregiving role as performed by the grandparent‐caregivers; and (b) What are the perceived benefits of caregiving as reported by grandparent‐caregivers?BackgroundGrandparents in sub‐Saharan Africa have cared for their grandchildren for generations, yet little is known about this role in the context of the HIV epidemic. Although the impact of the epidemic is overwhelmingly negative, specifically in Uganda, knowledge of familial context and underlying motivations and rewards that incentivise grandparent‐caregivers remains limited in the literature.MethodsUsing a constructivist grounded theory approach, we explored the experiences of 32 Ugandan grandparents of grandchildren affected by HIV. Data were collected using a semi‐structured and open‐ended interview guide, participant observation and fieldnotes. Data analysis included open, focused and axial coding.FindingsThe data revealed the influences of extended familial structures and of cultural and gender expectations on the decision‐making processes and rewards of caregiving as perceived by the grandparent‐caregivers.Discussion and recommendationThese findings provide a broad foundation for policy, practice, research and education interventions needed to support grandparents so they can enjoy the benefits of raising their grandchildren.Implications for practiceOur findings can guide education programs and clinical practice for nurses, nursing students, and other health providers on cultural considerations for holistic care provided for older adults—especially older caregivers.
Temperature responses of photosynthesis and leaf hydraulic conductance in rice and wheat
Authors: Yang Yuhan , Zhang Qiangqiang , Huang Guanjun , Peng Shaobing , Li Yong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStudies on the temperature (T) responses of photosynthesis and leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) are important to plant gas exchange. In this study, the temperature responses of photosynthesis and Kleaf were studied in Shanyou 63 (Oryza sativa) and Yannong 19 (Triticum aestivum). Leaf water potential (Ψleaf) was insensitive to T in Shanyou 63, while it significantly decreased with T in Yannong 19. The differential Ψleaf − T relationship partially accounted for the differing gm–T relationships, where gm was less sensitive to T in Yannong 19 than in Shanyou 63. With different gm–T and Ψleaf–T relationships, the temperature responses of photosynthetic limitations were surprisingly similar between the two lines, and the photosynthetic rate was highly correlated with gm. With the increasing T, Kleaf increased in Shanyou 63 while it decreased in Yannong 19. The different Kleaf–T relationships were related to different Ψleaf–T relationships. When excluding the effects of water viscosity and Ψleaf, Kleaf was insensitive to T in both lines. gm and Kleaf were generally not coordinated across different temperatures. This study highlights the importance of Ψleaf on leaf carbon and water exchanges, and the mechanisms for the gm–T and Kleaf–T relationships were discussed.
Comparative evaluation of psychophysiological response of children with special health care needs to use of facemask‐eyeshield and visor in a dental setting—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chhabra Karishma , Sood Shveta , Bhatia Hind Pal , Sharma Naresh , Singh Akshara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to determine the psychophysiological response (Heart rate) of special health care needs to use of facemask‐eyeshield and visor worn in a dental setting.Settings and designThe cases for the present study were selected from special schools of Delhi‐NCR. The patients selected were in IQ range 50‐84 and children rated as positive or definitely positive according to Frankl's behavior rating scale. A total of 378 patients of age group 4‐14 years were selected.Methods and materialEvery child was made to sit and pulse oximeter was put on his/her finger to measure Baseline heart rate. Dental examination was done using a sterile mouth mirror (No. 5) and explorer. It was done in two phases for every child: Patient underwent dental examination by clinician wearing (A) facemask‐eyeshield (Euronda) and (B) visor (Oro).ResultsThe mean heart rate during dental examination wearing visor (81.55 ± 17.54) was significantly lesser than during dental examination wearing facemask and eyeshield (84.49 ± 17.96).ConclusionsDental anxiety levels were lower when the dentist used visor during the dental examination than when the dentist used facemask and eyeshield.
Variational Approximations for Steady Unidirectional Slip Flows in Microchannels
Authors: Keady Grant , Wiwatanapataphee Benchawan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Consider steady flows in a channel, cross section Ω, with the Navier slip boundary condition, and let the volume flowrate be denoted by Q. We present a new simple approximation, a rigorous lower bound on Q, requiring, along with the channel's area and perimeter, the calculation of just the torsional rigidity and two other domain functionals. This avoids the need for solving the partial differential equation repeatedly for differing values of the slip parameter. It also provides the opportunity to give tables for different shapes, requiring, for each shape, just its area and perimeter and the three domain functionals previously mentioned. We expect that for shapes used in practice, the approximation will be good for the entire range of slip parameter. This is illustrated with the case of Ω being rectangular.
Subsurface Pore-Induced Quilting During Machining of Metal Foams
Authors: Vinothkumar S. , Subbiah Sathyan , Sankaran S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetal foams made by the melt route naturally have an interface region between the porous and nonporous structures. We investigate here the possible use of monolithic foam structures with such interfaces wherein the porous structure provides needed light-weighting while the nonporous region provides a functional surface such as the one needed for optics. Face turning is carried out in the nonporous region very near the interface to the porous areas. Using micro-computed tomography scans, pore positions are determined and the proximal effect of pores on the machined surface quilting effects are studied. Studies show that pore as near as 400 μm to the machined surface can cause significant quilting. Progress in developing finite element models to enable such predictions is also shown. This study could pave the way for the use of such structures for telescopic mirrors.
Drag-based aerodynamic braking system for the Hyperloop: a numerical study
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Raihan , Saniat Tahsin Sejat , Salehin Sayedus , Rahman Md. Hamidur 
Published: February 2020

The Hyperloop promises to revolutionize the transport infrastructure of the 21st century by reducing travel time and allowing people to reach transonic speed on land. It carries with it the hope of a sustainable transportation system during an era of global energy crisis. Overall passenger safety in a high-speed pod necessitates a reliable braking system. This paper introduces the possibility of utilizing aerodynamic drag in the Hyperloop, anticipated to operate at high Mach and low Reynolds flow regime, to attenuate the speed of the pod. Numerical analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of incorporating an aerodynamic brake at different pod velocities (100, 135, and 150 m/s) and deployment angles (30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°). A detailed comparison between the proposed aerodynamic braking system (AeBS) and existing braking systems for the Hyperloop has been presented in this paper. The results demonstrate an increase in drag value of the pod by 3.4 times using a single 0.15 m2brake plate. When the brake plate was fully deployed at a pod velocity in excess of 112 m/s, the aerodynamic drag-based braking systems was shown to be more effective than the contemporary eddy current braking system.
The CKM unitarity problem: a trace of new physics at the TeV scale?
Authors: Belfatto Benedetta , Beradze Revaz , Berezhiani Zurab 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAfter the recent high precision determinations of $$V_{us}$$Vus and $$V_{ud}$$Vud, the first row of the CKM matrix shows more than $$4\sigma $$4σ deviation from unitarity. Two possible scenarios beyond the Standard Model can be investigated in order to fill the gap. If a 4th non-sequential quark $$b'$$b′ (a vector-like weak isosinglet) participates in the mixing, with $$\vert V_{ub'} \vert \sim 0.04$$|Vub′|∼0.04, then its mass should be no more than 6 TeV or so. A different solution can come from the introduction of the gauge horizontal family symmetry $$SU(3)_\ell $$SU(3)ℓ acting between the lepton families and spontaneously broken at the scale of about 6 TeV. Since the gauge bosons of this symmetry contribute to muon decay in interference with Standard Model, the Fermi constant is slightly smaller than the muon decay constant so that unitarity is recovered. Also the neutron lifetime problem, that is about $$4\sigma $$4σ discrepancy between the neutron lifetimes measured in beam and trap experiments, is discussed in the light of the these determinations of the CKM matrix elements.
Meta-analysis of biological variables’ impact on spinal motoneuron electrophysiology data
Authors: Highlander Morgan M. , Allen John M. , Elbasiouny Sherif M. 
Published: February 2020

Experimental, methodological, and biological variables must be accounted for statistically to maximize accuracy and comparability of published neuroscience data. However, accounting for all variables is nigh impossible. Thus we aimed to identify particularly influential variables within published neurological data, from cat, rat, and mouse studies, via a robust statistical process. Our goal was to develop tools to improve rigor in the collection and analysis of data. We strictly constrained experimental and methodological variables and then assessed four key biological variables within motoneuron research: species, age, sex, and cell type. We quantified intraexperimental and interexperimental variances in 11 commonly reported electrophysiological properties of spinal motoneurons. We first assessed variances without accounting for biological variables and then reassessed them while accounting for all four variables. We next assessed variances with all possible combinations of these four variables. We concluded that some motoneuron properties have low intraexperimental, but high interexperimental, variance; that individual motoneuron properties are impacted differently by biological variables; and that some unexplained variances still remain. We report here the optimal combinations of biological variables to reduce interexperimental variance for all 11 parameters. We also rank each parameter by intra- and interexperimental consistency. We expect these results to assist with design of experimental and analytical methods, and to support accuracy in simulations. Furthermore, although demonstrated on spinal motoneuron electrophysiology literature, our approach is applicable to biological data from all fields of neuroscience. This approach represents an important aid to experimental design, comparison of reported data, and reduction of unexplained variance in neuroscience data. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our meta-analysis shows the impact of species, age, sex, and cell type on lumbosacral motoneuron electrophysiological properties by thoroughly quantifying variances across literature for the first time. We quantify the variances of 11 motoneuron properties with consideration of biological variables, thus providing specific insights for motoneuron modelers and experimenters, and providing a general methodological template for the quantification of variance in neurological data with the consideration of any experimental, methodological, or biological variables of interest.
Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Aggressive Predation in Economic Contests
Authors: Rojek-Giffin Michael , Lebreton Mael , Scholte H. Steven , van Winden Frans , Ridderinkhof K. Richard , De Dreu Carsten K. W. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Competitions are part and parcel of daily life and require people to invest time and energy to gain advantage over others and to avoid (the risk of) falling behind. Whereas the behavioral mechanisms underlying competition are well documented, its neurocognitive underpinnings remain poorly understood. We addressed this using neuroimaging and computational modeling of individual investment decisions aimed at exploiting one's counterpart (“attack”) or at protecting against exploitation by one's counterpart (“defense”). Analyses revealed that during attack relative to defense (i) individuals invest less and are less successful; (ii) computations of expected reward are strategically more sophisticated (reasoning level k = 4 vs. k = 3 during defense); (iii) ventral striatum activity tracks reward prediction errors; (iv) risk prediction errors were not correlated with neural activity in either ROI or whole-brain analyses; and (v) successful exploitation correlated with neural activity in the bilateral ventral striatum, left OFC, left anterior insula, left TPJ, and lateral occipital cortex. We conclude that, in economic contests, coming out ahead (vs. not falling behind) involves sophisticated strategic reasoning that engages both reward and value computation areas and areas associated with theory of mind.
Estimating the Shallow Convective Mass Flux from the Subcloud-Layer Mass Budget
Authors: Vogel Raphaela , Bony Sandrine , Stevens Bjorn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper develops a method to estimate the shallow-convective mass flux M at the top of the subcloud layer as a residual of the subcloud-layer mass budget. The ability of the mass-budget estimate to reproduce the mass flux diagnosed directly from the cloud-core area fraction and vertical velocity is tested using real-case large-eddy simulations over the tropical Atlantic. We find that M reproduces well the magnitude, diurnal cycle, and day-to-day variability of the core-sampled mass flux, with an average root-mean-square error of less than 30% of the mean. The average M across the four winter days analyzed is 12 mm s−1, where the entrainment rate E contributes on average 14 mm s−1 and the large-scale vertical velocity W contributes −2 mm s−1. We find that day-to-day variations in M are mostly explained by variations in W, whereas E is very similar among the different days analyzed. Instead E exhibits a pronounced diurnal cycle, with a minimum of about 10 mm s−1 around sunset and a maximum of about 18 mm s−1 around sunrise. Application of the method to dropsonde data from an airborne field campaign in August 2016 yields the first measurements of the mass flux derived from the mass budget, and supports the result that the variability in M is mostly due to the variability in W. Our analyses thus suggest a strong coupling between the day-to-day variability in shallow convective mixing (as measured by M) and the large-scale circulation (as measured by W). Application of the method to the EUREC4A field campaign will help evaluate this coupling, and assess its implications for cloud-base cloudiness.