bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HTLV‐1 viral oncoprotein HBZ contributes to the enhancement of HAX‐1 stability by impairing the ubiquitination pathway
Authors: Tanaka Yuka , Mukai Risa , Ohshima Takayuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) is an oncogenic retrovirus that causes adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL). The viral protein HTLV‐1 basic leucine‐zipper factor (HBZ), which is constitutively expressed in all ATL patient cells, contributes toward the development of ATL; however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Here, we identified HS‐1‐associated protein X‐1 (HAX‐1) as a novel binding partner of HBZ. Interestingly, HAX‐1 specifically associated with HBZ‐US, but not HBZ‐SI, in the cytoplasm. HBZ suppressed the polyubiquitination levels of HAX‐1 protein by inhibiting the association HAX‐1 with F‐box protein 25 (FBXO25), which is a member of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and promoted the stabilization of HAX‐1 levels. In fact, the protein levels of HAX‐1 were significantly increased in HTLV‐1 infected and the overexpressing HBZ in uninfected T‐cell lines. Enhanced HAX‐1 correlated well to suppression of caspase 9 processing, suggesting that HBZ may contribute to the enhancement of antiapoptotic function for HAX‐1. Our results revealed a role for HBZ on HAX‐1 stabilization by abrogating the ubiquitination‐mediated degradation pathway, which may play an important role in understanding the potential mechanisms of HTLV‐1 related pathogenesis.
Nonprecious Bimetallic Sites Coordinated on N‐Doped Carbons with Efficient and Durable Catalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Yuan Shan , Cui Li‐Li , Dou Zhiyu , Ge Xin , He Xingquan , Zhang Wei , Asefa Tewodros 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeveloping efficient, inexpensive, and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is important for the large‐scale commercialization of fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Herein, a hierarchically porous bimetallic Fe/Co single‐atom‐coordinated N‐doped carbon (Fe/Co‐Nx‐C) electrocatalyst for ORR is synthesized from Fe/Co‐coordinated polyporphyrin using silica template‐assisted and silica‐protection synthetic strategies. In the synthesis, first silica nanoparticles‐embedded, silica‐protected Fe/Co‐polyporphyrin is prepared. It is then pyrolyzed and treated with acidic solution. The resulting Fe/Co‐Nx‐C material has a large specific surface area, large electrochemically active surface area, good conductivity, and catalytically active Fe/Co‐Nx sites. The material exhibits a very good electrocatalytic activity for the ORR in alkaline media, with a half‐wave potential of 0.86 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is better than that of Pt/C (20 wt%). Furthermore, it shows an outstanding operational stability and durability during the reaction. A zinc–air battery (ZAB) assembled using Fe/Co‐Nx‐C as an air‐cathode electrocatalyst gives a high peak power density (152.0 mW cm−2) and shows a good recovery property. Furthermore, the performance of the battery is better than a corresponding ZAB containing Pt/C as an electrocatalyst. The work also demonstrates a synthetic route to a highly active, stable, and scalable single‐atom electrocatalyst for ORR in ZABs.
A Theoretical Model to Investigate the Influence of Temperature, Reactions of the Population and the Government on the COVID-19 Outbreak in Turkey
Authors: Öz Yahya 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which was initially identified in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan in China, poses a major threat to worldwide health care. By August 04, 2020, there were globally 695,848 deaths (Johns Hopkins University, https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html). A total of 5765 of them come from Turkey (Johns Hopkins University, https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html). As a result, various governments and their respective populations have taken strong measures to control the spread of the pandemic. In this study, a model that is by construction able to describe both government actions and individual reactions in addition to the well-known exponential spread is presented. Moreover, the influence of the weather is included. This approach demonstrates a quantitative method to track these dynamic influences. This makes it possible to numerically estimate the influence that various private or state measures that were put into effect to contain the pandemic had at time t. This might serve governments across the world by allowing them to plan their actions based on quantitative data to minimize the social and economic consequences of their containment strategies.Methods:A compartmental model based on SEIR that includes the risk perception of the population by an additional differential equation and uses an implicit time-dependent transmission rate is constructed. Within this model, the transmission rate depends on temperature, population, and government actions, which in turn depend on time. The model was tested using different scenarios, with the different dynamic influences being mathematically switched on and off. In addition, the real data of infected coronavirus cases in Turkey were compared with the results of the model.Results:The mathematical study of the influence of the different parameters is presented through different scenarios. Remarkably, the last scenario is also an example of a theoretical mitigation strategy that shows its maximum in August 2020. In addition, the results of the model are compared with the real data from Turkey using conventional fitting that shows good agreement.Conclusions:Although most countries activated their pandemic plans, significant disruptions in health-care systems occurred. The framework of this model seems to be valid for a numerical analysis of dynamic processes that occur during the COVID-19 outbreak due to weather and human reactions. As a result, the effects of the measures introduced could be better planned in advance by use of this model.
Predictive Value of 5 Early Warning Scores for Critical COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Hu Hai , Yao Ni , Qiu Yanru 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:A simple evaluation tool for patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could assist the physicians to triage COVID-19 patients effectively and rapidly. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of 5 early warning scores based on the admission data of critical COVID-19 patients.Methods:Overall, medical records of 319 COVID-19 patients were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics on admission were used for calculating the Standardized Early Warning Score (SEWS), National Early Warning Score (NEWS), National Early Warning Score2 (NEWS2), Hamilton Early Warning Score (HEWS), and Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS). Data on the outcomes (survival or death) were collected for each case and extracted for overall and subgroup analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed.Results:The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the SEWS, NEWS, NEWS2, HEWS, and MEWS in predicting mortality were 0.841 (95% CI: 0.765-0.916), 0.809 (95% CI: 0.727-0.891), 0.809 (95% CI: 0.727-0.891), 0.821 (95% CI: 0.748-0.895), and 0.670 (95% CI: 0.573-0.767), respectively.Conclusions:SEWS, NEWS, NEWS2, and HEWS demonstrated moderate discriminatory power and, therefore, offer potential utility as prognostic tools for screening severely ill COVID-19 patients. However, MEWS is not a good prognostic predictor for COVID-19.
Assessing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission to healthcare personnel: The global ACT-HCP case-control study
Authors: Lentz Robert J. , Colt Henri , Chen Heidi , Cordovilla Rosa , Popevic Spasoje , Tahura Sarabon , Candoli Piero , Tomassetti Sara , Meachery Gerard J. , Cohen Brandon P. , Harris Bryan D. , Talbot Thomas R. , Maldonado Fabien 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To characterize associations between exposures within and outside the medical workplace with healthcare personnel (HCP) SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the effect of various forms of respiratory protection.Design:Case–control study.Setting:We collected data from international participants via an online survey.Participants:In total, 1,130 HCP (244 cases with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, and 886 controls healthy throughout the pandemic) from 67 countries not meeting prespecified exclusion (ie, healthy but not working, missing workplace exposure data, COVID symptoms without lab confirmation) were included in this study.Methods:Respondents were queried regarding workplace exposures, respiratory protection, and extra-occupational activities. Odds ratios for HCP infection were calculated using multivariable logistic regression and sensitivity analyses controlling for confounders and known biases.Results:HCP infection was associated with non–aerosol-generating contact with COVID-19 patients (adjusted OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.04–1.9; P = .03) and extra-occupational exposures including gatherings of ≥10 people, patronizing restaurants or bars, and public transportation (adjusted OR range, 3.1–16.2). Respirator use during aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) was associated with lower odds of HCP infection (adjusted OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2–0.8, P = .005), as was exposure to intensive care and dedicated COVID units, negative pressure rooms, and personal protective equipment (PPE) observers (adjusted OR range, 0.4–0.7).Conclusions:COVID-19 transmission to HCP was associated with medical exposures currently considered lower-risk and multiple extra-occupational exposures, and exposures associated with proper use of appropriate PPE were protective. Closer scrutiny of infection control measures surrounding healthcare activities and medical settings considered lower risk, and continued awareness of the risks of public congregation, may reduce the incidence of HCP infection.
First report of acrotretoid brachiopod shell beds in the lower Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Biota of eastern Yunnan, South China
Authors: Duan Xiaolin , Liang Yue , Holmer Lars E. , Zhang Zhifei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBrachiopod shell accumulations are abundant and diverse in the lower Cambrian strata of Yunnan Province, South China, but most commonly they are composed of linguloid and acrotheloid brachiopods. Here, we describe the first record of shell beds with high-density accumulations of microscopic acrotretoid brachiopods (usually <2 mm in width) in the muddy deposits of the Wulongqing Formation (Guanshan Biota, Cambrian Stage 4) in the Wuding area of Yunnan Province. The acrotretoid shell beds from the Wulongqing Formation vary from thin mm-thick pavements to more well-developed beds, several centimeters thick. The occurrence of remarkably rich acrotretoid shell beds indicates that microscopic lingulates began to exert an important role in hardening and paving the soft-substrate seafloor during the early Cambrian evolution of Phanerozoic “mixgrounds.” The new Guanshan material is referred to a new species,Linnarssonia sapushanensisn. sp., which differs from other species ofLinnarssoniamainly in having a well-developed internal pedicle tube, as well as a relatively longer dorsal median septum. The occurrence ofLinnarssonia sapushanensisn. sp. in the Wulongqing Formation in eastern Yunnan extend the oldest record of the genus on the Yangtze Platform of South China back to at least Cambrian Stage 4.UUID:http://zoobank.org/3e0c3878-6ce2-4eed-87bf-e39647c310c4
The Palermitan ceramic production from the ninth to the eleventh century
Authors: Sacco Viva 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to show a general panorama of the Palermitan ceramic products circulating from the end of the ninth to the eleventh century. During this period Palermo was the capital of Islamic Sicily and covered an important role in the Mediterranean from a political, economic and cultural point of view. This has also impacted on pottery production. A new morphologic, technologic and decorative panorama is present during this phase, to face the new needs of a crescent population. Palermo developed a proper pottery language which is the result in part of the previous traditions and in part of the new contributions from the Islamic lands. The volume of Palermitan ceramic production increased considerably, not only to meet the metropolitan demand but also for the growing extra-urban (insular and extra-insular) requests.
ON -CONGRUENT NUMBERS OVER REAL NUMBER FIELDS
Authors: DAS SHAMIK , SAIKIA ANUPAM 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe notion of$\theta $-congruent numbers is a generalisation of congruent numbers where one considers triangles with an angle$\theta $such that$\cos \theta $is a rational number. In this paper we discuss a criterion for a natural number to be$\theta $-congruent over certain real number fields.
Longitudinal dimensions of alcohol consumption and dietary intake in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort (1971–2008)
Authors: Parekh Niyati , Lin Yong , Chan Melany , Juul Filippa , Makarem Nour 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExisting studies addressing alcohol consumption have not captured the multidimensionality of drinking patterns, including drinking frequency, binge drinking, beverage preference and changes in these measures across the adult life course. We examined longitudinal trends in drinking patterns and their association with diet over four decades in ageing US adults from the Framingham Offspring Study (n 4956; baseline mean age 36·2 years). Alcohol intake (drinks/week, drinking frequency, beverage-specific consumption, drinks/occasion) was assessed quadrennially from examinations 1 to 8. Participants were classified as binge drinkers, moderate drinkers or heavy drinkers (4+ and 5+ drinks/occasion; ≤1 and ≤2 drinks/d and >7 and >14 drinks/week for women and men, respectively). Dietary data were collected by a FFQ from examinations 5 to 8 (1991–2008). We evaluated trends in drinking patterns using linear mixed effect models and compared dietary intake across drinking patterns using heterogeneous variance models. Alcohol consumption decreased from 1971 to 2008 (3·7 v. 2·2 oz/week; P < 0·05). The proportion of moderate (66 v. 59·3 %), heavy (18·4 v. 10·5 %) and binge drinkers (40·0 v. 12·3 %) declined (P < 0·05). While average wine consumption increased (1·4 v. 2·2 drinks/week), beer (3·4 v. 1·5 drinks/week) and cocktail intake (2·8 v. 1·2 drinks/week) decreased. Non-binge drinkers consumed less sugary drinks and more whole grains than binge drinkers, and the latter consumed more total fat across all examinations (P < 0·05). There was a significant difference in consumption trends of total grains by drinking level (P < 0·05). In conclusion, alcohol drinking patterns are unstable throughout adulthood. Higher intakes were generally associated with poorer diets. These analyses support the nuanced characterisation of alcohol consumption in epidemiological studies.
The Political Geography of the Eurocrisis
Authors: Beramendi Pablo , Stegmueller Daniel 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe European Union provided a mixed response to the 2008 financial crisis. On the one hand, it refused to pursue fiscal integration through a common budget; on the other, it introduced significant transfers between countries that were designed to produce financial stabilization. The authors analyze this response as the outcome of democratic constraints on EU leaders. Given the EU’s current institutional structure, citizens’ preferences pose a binding constraint on what leaders can do as these preferences limit the scope of risk-pooling among members and the degree of political tolerance for different courses of action. The authors show that citizens’ preferences reflect differences in the geography of income, production regimes, and institutional organization. The heterogeneity of constituencies’ redistribution preferences combined with a diverse economic geography helps to explain why political constraints on national governments prevent them from engaging in further fiscal integration. By contrast, externalities among member states shift the preferences of citizens who may experience negative effects and make international redistribution politically feasible. The authors analyze these two mechanisms and present novel empirical results on the determinants of preferences for fiscal integration and international redistribution in the aftermath of the eurocrisis.
Dry architecture: towards the understanding of the variation of longevity in desiccation-tolerant germplasm
Authors: Ballesteros Daniel , Pritchard Hugh W. , Walters Christina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDesiccation-tolerant (DT) plant germplasm (i.e. seeds, pollen and spores) survive drying to low moisture contents, when cytoplasm solidifies, forming a glass, and chemical reactions are slowed. DT germplasm may survive for long periods in this state, though inter-specific and intra-specific variation occurs and is not currently explained. Such variability has consequences for agriculture, forestry and biodiversity conservation. Longevity was previously considered in the context of morphological features, cellular constituents or habitat characteristics. We suggest, however, that a biophysical perspective, which considers the molecular organization – or structure – within dried cytoplasm, can provide a more integrated understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that control ageing rates, hence the variation of longevity among species and cell types. Based on biochemical composition and physical–chemical properties of dried materials, we explore three types of the interplay between structural conformations of dried cytoplasm and ageing: (1) cells that lack chlorophyll and contain few storage lipids may exhibit long shelf life, with ageing probably occurring through slow autoxidative processes within the glassy matrix as it relaxes; (2) cells with active chlorophyll may die quickly, possibly because they are prone to oxidative stress promoted by the photosynthetic pigments in the absence of metabolic water and (3) cells that lack chloroplasts but contain high storage lipids may die quickly during storage at −20°C, possibly because lipids crystallize and destabilize the glassy matrix. Understanding the complex variation in structural conformation in space and time may help to design strategies that increase longevity in germplasm with generally poor shelf life.
lncRNA deleted in lymphocytic leukaemia 1 (DLEU1) promotes the migration and invasion of human embryonic trophoblast cells
Authors: Li Zhongxiang , Hou Mingbin 
Published: September 2020

SummaryTo investigate the roles of lncRNA deleted in lymphocytic leukaemia 1 (DLEU1) on migration and invasion of human trophoblast cells. Human chorionic trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo was cultured and transfected using lncRNA DLEU1 small interfering RNA. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect lncRNA DLEU1 expression. The activity of migration regulatory protein CDC42 was detected by western blot. The downstream miRNA targets of lncRNA and mRNAs targeted by corresponding miRNAs were respectively predicted using bioinformatics analyses. Compared with the control group, the expression of lncRNA DLEU1 in the small interfering RNA group was significantly decreased (P <0.05). There was no significant change in cell proliferation capacity for transfected cells (lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-1,P= 0.537; lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-2,P= 0.384), but cell migration (lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-1,P= 0.025; lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-2,P= 0.019) and invasion (lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-1,P= 0.0327; lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-2,P= 0.021) was significantly reduced. CDC42 activity in the lncRNA DLEU1 knockdown group decreased and the phosphorylation of cofilin increased. Therefore, downregulation of lncRNA DLEU1 suppressed the migration and invasion of human trophoblast cells.
Reading History Forward
Authors: Møller Jørgen 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTRecent decades have seen a productive methodological debate about how political scientists “do history.” However, on one important point, the discussion has been surprisingly thin. This concerns the problem of reading history backward rather than forward. To understand this problem, we need to embed it in broader methodological discussions of how the selection of evidence is shaped (and potentially biased) by all sorts of prior assumptions going into the evidence-collection process. Thus, reading history backward makes scholars refrain from posing certain questions, become blind to certain descriptive developments and explanatory factors, and fail to enlist certain historical data. This article pulls together the fragmentary insights about this problem and devises an alternative, prospective approach centered on an open reading of the work of historians. Although this is a “low-tech” issue, it is one that has huge ramifications for the way we do historical analysis as political scientists.
Digital food environment of a Brazilian metropolis: food availability and marketing strategies used by delivery apps
Authors: Horta Paula Martins , Souza Juliana de Paula Matos , Rocha Luana Lara , Mendes Larissa Loures 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:Food delivery apps represent an important and emerging dimension of the digital food environment. This study aimed to examine food availability and the use of marketing strategies by two food delivery apps in a Brazilian metropolis.Design:An exploratory study was conducted in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Food groups were identified and the use of price discounts and photos by the apps was observed.Setting:Eighteen neighbourhoods and the ten best rated restaurants in each app.Participants:Three hundred sixty-two commercial food establishments.Results:The proportion of ultra-processed beverages on offer in the apps (78·45 %) was much higher in comparison with water (48·89 %), natural juices or smoothies (27·07 %). Ultra-processed ready-to-eat meals represented almost 70 % of the food offered in the establishments’ menus, while traditional meals and vegetables represented just over 30 % of the offering. Ice cream, candies and salty packaged snacks were nine times more frequently presented than fruits. The use of photos and price discounts prevailed predominantly among ultra-processed beverages, sandwiches and ice cream, candies and salty packaged snacks. These marketing strategies were least used for promoting fruits and vegetables.Conclusions:Restaurants registered on food delivery apps offered a significant amount of ultra-processed foods with price discounts and photos in comparison with unprocessed and minimally processed foods.
A review on Poisson, Cox, Hawkes, shot-noise Poisson and dynamic contagion process and their compound processes
Authors: Jang Jiwook , Oh Rosy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Poisson process is an essential building block to move up to complicated counting processes, such as the Cox (“doubly stochastic Poisson”) process, the Hawkes (“self-exciting”) process, exponentially decaying shot-noise Poisson (simply “shot-noise Poisson”) process and the dynamic contagion process. The Cox process provides flexibility by letting the intensity not only depending on time but also allowing it to be a stochastic process. The Hawkes process has self-exciting property and clustering effects. Shot-noise Poisson process is an extension of the Poisson process, where it is capable of displaying the frequency, magnitude and time period needed to determine the effect of points. The dynamic contagion process is a point process, where its intensity generalises the Hawkes process and Cox process with exponentially decaying shot-noise intensity. To facilitate the usage of these processes in practice, we revisit the distributional properties of the Poisson, Cox, Hawkes, shot-noise Poisson and dynamic contagion process and their compound processes. We provide simulation algorithms for these processes, which would be useful to statistical analysis, further business applications and research. As an application of the compound processes, numerical comparisons of value-at-risk and tail conditional expectation are made.