bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Role of TSLP Receptor on CD4 T Cells for Exacerbation of Skin Inflammation
Authors: Kitajima Masayuki , Kubo Masato , Ziegler Steven F. , Suzuki Harumi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a key cytokine that initiates and promotes allergic inflammation both in humans and mice. It is well known that TSLP is important in initial step of inflammation by stimulating dendritic cells to promote Th2 differentiation of naive T cells. However, TSLP is abundantly produced in the late phase of inflammation, as well; therefore, we focused on the function of TSLP in chronic Th2-type inflammation. By establishing a novel (to our knowledge) chronic allergic skin inflammation mouse model with repetitive challenges of hapten after sensitization, we demonstrated that CD4 T cell–specific deletion of TSLP receptor (TSLPR) resulted in near-complete ablation of ear swelling and infiltration of CD4 T cells and eosinophils, but after second challenge. Of note, TSLPR deletion on CD4 T cells did not affect acute inflammation. As expected, transfer of Ag-sensitized wild-type CD4T cells, but not of TSLPR-deficient CD4T cells, increased skin inflammation in the model upon challenge. Furthermore, production of IL-4 from TSLPR-deficient CD4T cells in inflamed ear lesions was markedly diminished, demonstrating that TSLP-dependent IL-4 production from CD4T cells was critical for the exacerbation of skin inflammation. Similar results were obtained in Th2-type allergic skin inflammation model using MC903. Collectively, these results indicate that TSLP acts directly on CD4 T cells to elicit pathogenesis of Th2 cells, thereby having a critical role in exacerbation of skin inflammation in the chronic phase.
Requirement of Complement C6 for Intact Innate Immune Responses in Mice
Authors: Fattahi Fatemeh , Grailer Jamison J. , Parlett Michella , Lu Hope , Malan Elizabeth A. , Abe Elizabeth , Russell Mark W. , Frydrych Lynn M. , Delano Matthew J. , Zetoune Firas S. , Ward Peter A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Over the first days of polymicrobial sepsis, there is robust activation of the innate immune system, causing the appearance of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, along with the appearance of extracellular histones, which are highly proinflammatory and prothrombotic. In the current study, we studied different innate immune responses in mice with knockout (KO) of complement protein 6 (C6). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) from these KO mice had defective innate immune responses, including defective expression of surface adhesion molecules, generation of superoxide anion, and appearance of reactive oxygen species and histone release after activation of PMNs, along with defective phagocytosis. In addition, in C6−/− mice, the NLRP3 inflammasome was defective both in PMNs and in macrophages. When these KO mice were subjected to polymicrobial sepsis, their survival was improved, associated with reduced levels in the plasma of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and lower levels of histones in plasma. In addition, sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction was attenuated in these KO mice. In a model of acute lung injury induced by LPS, C6−/− mice showed reduced PMN buildup and less lung epithelial/endothelial cell dysfunction (edema and hemorrhage). These data indicate that C6−/− mice have reduced innate immune responses that result in less organ injury and improved survival after polymicrobial sepsis.
Expansion of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease and Their Clinical Significance
Authors: Liu Gao-Yu , Deng Xiao-Hui , Li Xing , Cao Ying-Jiao , Xing Yan-Fang , Zhou Pan , Lei Ai-Hua , Yang Quan , Deng Kai , Zhang Hui , Zhou Jie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play an important role in the control of tissue inflammation and homeostasis. However, the role of ILC2s in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has never been illustrated. In this study, we investigated ILC2s in ESRD patients and their clinical significance. Results showed that the frequencies and absolute numbers of ILC2s, not group 1 innate lymphoid cells or innate lymphoid cell precursors, were significantly elevated in the peripheral blood of ESRD patients when compared with those from healthy donor controls. Moreover, ILC2s from ESRD patients displayed enhanced type 2 cytokine production and cell proliferation. Plasma from ESRD patients significantly increased ILC2 levels and enhanced their effector function after in vitro treatment. The expression of phosphorylation of STAT5 in ILC2s, as well as the amounts of IL-2 in plasma, were increased in ESRD patients when compared with those from healthy donors. Clinically, ESRD patients with higher ILC2 frequencies displayed lower incidence of infectious complications during a mean of 21 month follow-up study. The proportions of ILC2s were negatively correlated with the prognostic biomarkers of chronic kidney disease, including serum parathyroid hormone, creatinine, and phosphorus, whereas they were positively correlated with serum calcium. These observations indicate that ILC2s may play a protective role in ESRD.
Training for laparoscopic colorectal surgery creating an appropriate porcine model and curriculum for training
Authors: Udwadia Tehemton Erach 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCRS) was first described in 1991, and its safety, efficacy and patient benefit were adequately documented in literature. However, its penetration and acceptability is poor in most countries, due to its long learning curve and lack of surgeons training and confidence. A Minimal Access Surgery (MAS) Training Center in Mumbai has over the last 7 years trained more than 8000 surgeons in various MAS specialities. The centre has initiated courses for LCRS training.

Materials and Methods:
The anatomy of the pig colon is very different from human anatomy. The pig colon anatomy is altered to mimic human colon anatomy in the porcine abdomen, permitting hands-on practice on most laparoscopic colorectal surgical procedures, as part of the LCRS training course, under mentorship of expert faculty, who simultaneously assess participants performance.

Results:
Each participant performs and assists for at least three procedures and is evaluated at each step of the procedure by a structured format. The overall evaluation by Faculty which though subjective, is detailed and favourable. Feedback of each participant is good and acceptable as a very helpful course.

Conclusion:
This porcine model is ideal for hands-on training for LCRS. Participants achieve a good degree of skill level and confidence in performing LCRS procedures on fresh bleeding porcine cadaver models. The centre is factual and pragmatic and stresses that it needs more than a course to make a safe surgeon; operation room mentorship is the finishing school.
Serum albumin level as a predictor of contrast-induced acute kidney injury following coronary angiography
Authors: Sreenivasan Jayakumar , Khan Muhammad S. , Wang Qiyu , Ranka Sagar , Akhtar Tauseef , Mattumpuram Jishanth , Agrawal Rohit , Zhuo Min , Aronow Wilbert S. , Yadav Neha 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe association between serum albumin level and the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) after coronary angiography has not been well established.Material and methodsA retrospective chart review was performed for all patients who underwent coronary angiography with or without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a tertiary care medical center over a period of 5 years. CI-AKI was defined as an absolute increase in creatinine of 0.3 mg/dl from baseline within 48 h of contrast exposure. Mean pre-procedural albumin level was compared between patients who developed CI-AKI and those who did not. The optimal cut-off point was obtained from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and univariate multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associated risk of CI-AKI.ResultsAmong 1319 patients (females = 32.3%, mean age: 58.2 ± 13.6 years) included in the study, 201 (15.2%) developed CI-AKI. Baseline serum albumin (3.5 vs. 3.8 gm/dl, p < 0.001) was significantly lower in patients who developed CI-AKI. ROC curve analysis revealed an optimal cutoff value for serum albumin of 3.85 gm/dl to predict CI-AKI with 67.2% sensitivity and 52.2% specificity (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.62, p < 0.001). Serum albumin < 3.85 gm/dl is significantly associated with higher risk of developing CI-AKI (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2.1, p = 0.02).ConclusionsSerum albumin < 3.85 gm/dl is an independent predictor of CI-AKI in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
CRP single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1800947) and nutritional status in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Popow Anna , Wasińska-Krawczyk Anna , Interewicz Bożenna , Olszewski Waldemar L. , Manitius Jacek , Rydzewska-Rosołowska Alicja , Rydzewski Andrzej 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionC-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein and was shown to be a predictor for all-cause and cardiovascular death in end stage renal disease patients. C-reactive protein is a member of the pentraxin family and plays a key role in the innate immune response. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with plasma CRP levels have been identified. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of the rs1800947 polymorphism in the human CRP gene in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients, and to determine whether it is related to nutritional status.Material and methodsWe investigated 99 patients maintained on chronic hemodialysis (HD). 109 apparently healthy volunteers served as a control group. HD subjects were followed for 12 months. Anthropometric measurements were performed, the malnutrition-inflammation scale (MIS) score was determined, and blood samples were obtained within 1 month of enrollment and at 3 and 12 months of follow-up. rs1800947 SNP in the CRP gene was genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the investigated genotype frequencies between HD patients and controls. Moreover, there was no influence of genotype on anthropometric and laboratory indices of nutritional status and MIS score.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that the rs1800947 single nucleotide polymorphism in the CRP gene does not seem to correlate with nutritional status in hemodialysis patients.
MicroRNA 144 inhibits cell migration and invasion
and regulates inflammatory cytokine secretion
through targeting toll like receptor 2 in non-small cell
lung cancer
Authors: Pu Rong , Pu Meicen , Huang Haohai , Cui Yejia 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNA molecules involved in modulation of cancer progression. Here, we investigated the possible role of miR-144 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development.Material and methodsThe expression of miR-144 and TLR2 in NSCLC tissue and cell lines was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The TargetScan database was used to predict potential target genes of miR-144. Luciferase assay was used to verify the interaction between TLR2 and miR-144. TLR2 protein expression was measured by western blot. The secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in A549 cells was detected by an ELISA kit. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing assay and transwell assay, respectively.ResultsOur results showed that miR-144 was downregulated in NSCLC tissue and cell lines when compared with the normal tissues and cell line (p < 0.05). The protein level of TLR2 in NSCLC tissue and cell lines was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-144 could bind to the 3ʹUTR of TLR2 specifically. Up-regulation of miR-144 significantly decreased the expression of TLR2. Up-regulation of miR-144 or down-regulation of TLR2 could decrease cell migration, invasion and secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in A549 cells. Moreover, overexpression of TLR2 rescued the inhibitory effects of miR-144 on migration, invasion and inflammatory factor secretion of A549 cells.ConclusionsmiR-144 could inhibit the migration, invasion and secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 through downregulation of TLR2 expression in A549 cells.
Protective effect of hydrogen sulfide is mediated
by negative regulation of epigenetic histone acetylation in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sun Yang , Li Dai , Su Yuqiang , Zhao Haikang , Pang Weiwei , Zhao Wei , Wu Shengjun 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionDerangements in monoaminergic transmission in the substantia nigra with disturbed signaling in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are the major characteristics of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has been reported that the administration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is in practice to treat PD because of its redundant nature in regulating various neuronal signals. Hence, the current investigation was performed to evaluate the hypothesis that H2S might exert protective action via the inhibition of epigenetic histone acetylation.Material and methodsTo test this notion, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to induce PD and sodium hydrogen sulfide (SHS) was used as a H2S donor and tubastatin A (TSA) was tested in an in vivo rat model to delineate the signaling mechanism.ResultsInduction of PD in rats demonstrated elevated oxidative stress with an evidenced decrease in antioxidant enzymes, while elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators were observed in the striatum of PD rats compared to controls. On the other hand, elevated (p < 0.01) levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), mRNA transcript of HDAC-2, -3, -4, -6 and total histone deacetylase (HDAC) were found with reduced levels of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) in the brain tissues of PD induced rats.ConclusionsDiversely, H2S exposure reversed these alterations with reduced HDAC activity. Further, PD rats treated with HDAC inhibitor showed a dramatic upsurge in the level of tyrosine hydroxylase, with a decreased level of glial fibrillary acidic protein, -synuclein, tumor necrosis factor , and other cytokines. Thus the results of the study suggest that H2S exerts protection via inhibition of HDAC.
Real-world prognostic factors in autotransplanted multiple myeloma patients with severe renal impairment: study of the Polish Myeloma Study Group
Authors: Waszczuk-Gajda Anna , Vesole David , Małyszko Jolanta , Jurczyszyn Artur , Wróbel Tomasz , Drozd-Sokołowska Joanna , Boguradzki Piotr , Mądry Krzysztof , Tomaszewska Agnieszka , Biliński Jarosław , Król Maria , Niemczyk Longin , Olszewska-Szopa Magdalena , Jedrzejczak Wieslaw , Basak Grzegorz 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe prognostic factors in autotransplanted multiple myeloma (MM) patients with concomitant advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are poorly understood, limited, and controversial.Material and methodsWe retrospectively analysed 44 patients with MM and CKD (eGFR < 40 ml/min), present both at diagnosis and at autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), with no improvement of renal function in-between.ResultsPatients exhibiting deeper paraprotein responses to pre-transplant treatment predicted better response post ASCT (odds ratio (OR) = 11.6, p = 0.028) and longer progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.23, p = 0.017). Higher albumin concentration (per increase of 1 g/dl) (HR = 0.41, p = 0.03) and melphalan 140 mg/m2 versus higher melphalan doses (HR = 0.86, p = 0.008) were associated with longer PFS. Performance status (ECOG 0-1 versus ≥ 2) (HR = 0.28, p = 0.0036), higher albumin concentration (HR = 0.43, p < 0.037), and melphalan 140 mg/m2 versus higher melphalan doses (HR = 0.48, p = 0.081) decreased the risk of death. Three of 32 dialysis-dependent patients became dialysis independent (DID), and 5 of 12 in the DID group had eGFR improvement post ASCT. The median PFS was 2.3 years, which was shorter for DID compared to DD patients (0.7 vs. 3.3 years, respectively). The median overall survival (OS) was 3.6 years, there was no difference in median OS between the groups (4.0 vs. 3.5 years, respectively).ConclusionsOptimal patient selection including good performance status and higher albumin concentration (with every increase of 1 g/dl), chemotherapy-responsive disease pre-ASCT, melphalan dose adjusted to CKD, and intensive post-transplant supportive care are crucial to achieve acceptable results of treatment of MM patients with CKD.
A two-miRNA signature (miR-21 and miR-92) in peripheral whole blood as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of human cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Zheng Congying , Mao Chengliang , Tang Kai , Ceng Shaojian , Shu Hang 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionmicroRNAs (miRs) have been reported as blood-based noninvasive indicators for the diagnosis of various diseases. However, the utility of whole blood-based miRs in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm (IA) is still not clear. The present study aimed to examine miR expression profiling in the peripheral whole blood of IA patients and healthy controls.Material and methodsSeventy-three IA patients, including 34 unruptured and 39 ruptured, and 28 healthy subjects, were recruited for diagnostic analysis. microRNA (miR) expression profiling in whole blood from healthy controls and IA patients was evaluated using miRNA microarray assay. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate miR expression. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curves (AUC) were used to calculate the diagnostic power of miRs in whole blood of IA.ResultsWe observed significantly higher miR-21 and miR-92 expression levels in aneurysmal tissues and whole blood of IA patients as compared to healthy subjects. miR-21 expression level was significantly positively correlated with miR-92 in IA tissues and whole blood of IA patients. ROC analysis revealed that miR-21 (AUC = 0.843, sensitivity = 0.849, specificity = 0.750) and miR-92 (AUC = 0.892, sensitivity = 0.945, specificity = 0.786) were promising in diagnosis of IA with high detectability. Intriguingly, miR-21 combined with miR-92 markedly improved the diagnostic power of IA (AUC = 0.920, sensitivity = 1.000, specificity = 0.786).ConclusionsmiR-21 combined with miR-92 could be considered as a potential biomarker for IA screening.
Sophoricoside attenuates neuronal injury and altered cognitive function by regulating the LTR-4/NF-B/PI3K signalling pathway in anaesthetic-exposed neonatal rats
Authors: Yang Lihua , Xu Yucan , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThis study examined the protective effects of sophoricoside on neuronal injury and cognitive dysfunction in anaesthetic-exposed neonatal rats.Material and methodsNeuronal injury was induced in rat pups by exposure to isoflurane (0.75%) with 30% oxygen for 6 h on P7. The protective effects of sophoricoside were evaluated by assessing cognitive function using the neurological score and Morris water maze. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed in hippocampus tissue using a TUNEL assay. The cytokine and macrophage inflammatory protein levels were assessed by ELISA. Western blot assays and RT-PCR were performed to assess the expression of NF-B, TLR-4, Akt, and PI3K proteins in neuronal tissues. Immunohistochemical and histopathological changes were observed in the brain tissues of isoflurane-induced neuronal injury rats.ResultsThe sophoricoside treatment improved cognitive and neuronal function in rats exposed to isoflurane. Cytokine and MIP levels in the brain tissues of isoflurane-exposed rats decreased. However, sophoricoside treatment attenuated the expression of TLR-4, PI3K, and Akt protein in the brain tissues of isoflurane-exposed rats. The histopathology improved in the sophoricoside-treated isoflurane-exposed rats.ConclusionsSophoricoside treatment protects against neuronal injury and reduced cognitive function in isoflurane-induced neuronal injury rats by regulating TLR-4 signalling.
Inhibition of glioma cell viability by jatrophone via NF-κB down-regulation and apoptosis inhibitor up-regulation
Authors: Yuan Lei , Wang Fei , Zhang Ting , Zhang Yiming , Pan Hong , Lv Guoguang , Zhang Baozhong 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe present study evaluated the pro-survival signaling pathway inhibition potential of jatrophone in glioblastoma cells with the intention to develop effective treatment for glioblastoma.Material and methodsChanges in proliferation of cells were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Morphological changes were evaluated by electron microscopy and apoptosis by flow cytometry.ResultsThe proliferative potential of glioma cells showed significant reduction on treatment with jatrophone. The shrinkage and detachment from the flask surface was prominent in glioma cells on treatment with 15 µM jatrophone. Treatment with jatrophone (4.8 µM) for 72 h increased apoptosis in U87MG and A172 cells. The immunocytochemistry showed a significant decrease in the level of intracellular NF-B p65 in glioma cells on treatment with jatrophone. Jatrophone treatment significantly suppressed nuclear NF-B p65/total NF-B p65 in glioma cells. Treatment with jatrophone suppressed levels of survivin, XIAP and Bcl-2 in glioma cells relative to control. The Bax level in glioma cells was enhanced markedly relative to control on treatment with jatrophone. Activation of caspase-9 and -3 in glioma cells was markedly increased on treatment with jatrophone.ConclusionsJatrophone acts as inhibitory agent for glioblastoma cell proliferation and mediator of apoptosis. Therefore, jatrophone can be used as a therapeutic agent for glioblastoma treatment.
Application of dexmedetomidine for lung injury in elderly patients undergoing one-lung ventilation
Authors: Shi Zhi-Guo , Mi Wei-Dong 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on lung injury, the oxygenation index and perioperative pulmonary complications in elderly patients who underwent thoracotomy with one-lung ventilation (OLV).Material and methodsA total of 120 elderly patients with lung cancer were included in the present study. According to the random number table method, these patients were randomly divided into two groups: group D and group C. Patients in group D were intravenously pumped with 0.5 µg/kg/h of DEX before anesthesia. The infusion was completed within 15 min, and anes­thesia was induced by venous injection. Patients in group C were pumped with equal volumes of normal saline.ResultsAt T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>3</sub>, compared with group C, group D had a significant decrease in cardiac index, mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure (p < 0.05). At T<sub>2</sub>, T<sub>3</sub> and T<sub>4</sub>, compared with group C, group D had a significant increase in pH and PaO<sub>2</sub> (p < 0.05). At T<sub>2</sub>, T<sub>3</sub> and T<sub>4</sub>, compared with group C, group D had a significant decrease in Qs/Qt (p < 0.05). At T6, compared with group C, group D had a significant decrease in the supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6 (p < 0.05). At T5, compared with group C, group D had a significant decrease in Visual Analogue Scale score (p < 0.05), and a significant increase in Ramsay Sedation Scale score (p < 0.05), and the number of respiratory and cardiovascular events also decreased (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn elderly patients, dexmedetomidine can reduce Qs/Qt and increase PaO<sub>2</sub> during OLV in surgery. It can reduce lung injury. Moreover, DEX reduced respiratory and cardiovascular complications in the perioperative period.