bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geliştirilmiş mikrodalga sisteminin elastik poliüretan köpüğünün geri dönüşümüne etkisi
Authors: TEMUR ERGAN Basak 
Published: December 2019

Esnek Poliüretan (PU) köpüğünün, eş zamanlı soğutulan
sürekli mikrodalga (MW) ortamında dietilenglikol (DEG) ile glikolizinin (geri
dönüşümünün) incelendiği bu çalışmada, katalizör olarak kalay oktaat
kullanıldı. Daha sonra, reaksiyon ortamını tanımlayan değişkenler (PU/DEG oranı
ve % kalay oktaat) ve proses değişkenleri ( sıcaklık(T), zaman(t), MW gücü (P)
ile bu değişkenlerin çalışma aralıkları belirlendi. Bu beş değişken ile ilgili
literatürler incelenerek ve kurulan MW sistemindeki çalışabilme koşulları
düşünülerek PU/DEG oranı (0,1) ve T (189°C) değişkenleri sabit alındı. Diğer üç
değişkenin (P, t, % kalay oktaat) poliol verimi ve MW enerji tüketimi üzerinde
olan etkileri araştırıldı. Çalışmada
minimum enerji harcayarak maksimum poliol verimi için optimum proses şartları
belirlendi. Daha sonra belirlenen bu optimum şartlarda yapılan deneme, birebir
aynı şartlarda geleneksel yöntemle (CH) tekrar edilerek, MW’nin etkisi
karşılaştırmalı olarak incelendi. Buna göre MW-destekli glikoliz reaksiyonunda, aynı süre içinde
poliol veriminin, CH yöntemine göre % 46,6 daha fazla olduğu bulundu. Buna ek
olarak, MW metot ile % 78 oranında enerji tasarrufu sağlanırken, poliol üretim
hızı da %46,7 oranında artmıştır.
The Impact of Cultural Factors on E-Learning: Practical Teaching of Sanponna Chants among Yoruba Youths in Nigeria
Authors: T. Opoola, B. 
Published: December 2019

In this paper, sanponna, god of smallpox chants is one of the Yoruba peoples cultural properties. “E-learning approach was adopted by introducing the youths to use of electronic materials like video camera, android phones, and cassette tape recorders in collation of sanponna chants analyzed in this study. Few S̩̩ànpò̩̩nná chants were recorded, written out and stylistically analyzed with ten Yoruba secondary school students in Nigeria. The need for this research is that attention of many Yoruba and African scholars is recently concentrated on teaching foreign oral traditions without been mindful of the inherent advantages of teaching learning and documentation of African traditional chants like Sonponna and other chants especially for the present generation of youths. Also, the positive impacts of e-learning has not been maximally utilized in the teaching and learning of Yoruba orature such as the language’s numerous traditional chants. This study further strengthened the fact that African education was in existence before the advent of Arabic and European education in Nigeria and must be preserved and saved from going to extinction. The study electronically taught the youths some poetic devices employed by S̩̩ànpò̩̩nná chanters which include: simile, hyperbole, onomatopoeia, irony, paradox, sarcasm, euphemism, and repetition.
Phenoloxidase activity of micromycetes strains isolated from the rhizosphere of vegetable leguminous crops
Authors: Kurkina Yu. N. 
Published: December 2019

Relevance. Microscopic fungi exhibit the greatest exoenzymatic activity, and xylotrophs are capable of possessing a complex of oxidase and hydrolase enzymes to destroy lignin.Methods. Among the soil micromycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of annual leguminous crops, a search was made for strains that are promising from the point of view of effective microorganism technology, in order to create optimal conditions for increasing soil fertility and crop yields. The detection of total phenol oxidase activity was carried out according to the method of Bavendamm, cultivating the strains on microbiological agar with the addition of an aromatic lignin derivative (0.06% tannin) and the growth factor was calculated. The cellulase activity of the strains was judged by the degree of hydrolysis of the filter paper. Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris, Botrytis fabae, Cunninghamella echinulata, Curvularia lunata, Macrophoma phaseolicola, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride and Ulocladium botrytis strains were found to cleave lignin and cellulose.Results. When comparing the phenoloxidase activity of the strains, it was proposed to take into account the growth factor, expressed as the ratio of the diameter of the colony on the substrate with the addition of tannin to the diameter of the colony without tannin. Thus, perspective strains of T. koningii and U. botrytis strains with respect to the complex activity of enzymes were identified. The strains C. lunata, A. alternata and B. australiensis showed high cellulase activity. The strain of non-pathogenic soil fungus C. echinulata has the ability to degrade lignin
Uniform application for protection of a tomato from root rots in an open ground of the middle Russia region
Authors: Engalycheva N. A. , Engalychev D. I. , Alekseeva K. L. 
Published: December 2019

Relevance. Significant harm to the culture of tomato, speaking about the middle Russia open ground plantations, is caused by fungal diseases, among which the most common are Fusarium wilt, late blight, alternariosis. To reduce the harmfulness of diseases, it is important to create stable and precocious hybrids that can give most of the crop before the mass development of diseases occurs. The complex system of protection includes preventive measures, the use of growth regulators possessing protective and stimulating action, application of biological preparations and fungicidal treatment. In terms of epiphytotic diseases, the most effective are chemicals, among which the increasing use get multipurpose products, involving several antifungal ingredients.Methods. The article presents the test results of the Uniform fungicide (321,7 g/l Аsoxystrobin + 123,7 g/l to Мefenoxam) against root rot of open ground tomato culture, grown in Moscow region. The estimation of biological and economic efficiency of Uniform application depending on the rate of consumption and multiplicity of treatments was carried out. The tomato Donskoy F1 hybrid, grown on drip irrigation, was used in experiments. Threefold background mode treatment of plants against late blight was carried out by fungicide Revus Top: at the onset of the first symptoms of the disease and hereinafter with 14 days intervals. Flow rate was 0.5 l/ha with solution consumption reaching 200 l/ha. Treatment of tomato plants by Uniform fungicide was performed by watering at the root under the flow rates of 0.9 l/ha and 1.5 l/ha and solution consumption of 200 l/ha. First application of seedlings was performed when planting, the second – 20 days after the first. The area of experimental plots was 20 m2, area of account plots was 10 m2. The repetition of account monitoring was fourfold.Results. The best results were achieved when using Uniform at the rate of 1.5 l/ha by root watering during transplanting and repeatedly at 20 days intervals. An increase in survival rate of seedlings, reduction of incidence of root rot by 81.2-86.9% and tomato yield increase by 29.7% to control under the influence of Uniform treatments were observed.
Evaluation of the resistance of the breeding material beetroot to Cercospora amid epiphytoty in greenhouses the Moscow region
Authors: Kozar E. G. , Vetrova S. A. , Engalycheva I. A. , Fedorova M. I. 
Published: December 2019

Relevance.An important feature that determines the technological qualities of varieties and hybrids of beetroot is an erect, compact leaf rosette that persists until the end of the vegetation of plants. In this regard, much attention is paid to the selection of resistance to diseases affecting the leaves of plants, including Cercospora beticola Sacc. When creating resistant to Cercospora interline hybrids based on CMS, the selection of parent components plays an important role. In agroclimatic conditions of the Moscow region, Cercospora on industrial beetroot rarely reaches an economically significant threshold of harmfulness. However, in 2019, epiphytic development of Cercospora on summer first-year crops was observed in the block film greenhouse of the «Federal Scientific Vegetable Center», which allowed to assess the promising breeding material.Material and method. Phytomonitoring on beetroot plantings and sowing of the experimental production Department of the «Federal Scientific Vegetable Center» growing was carried out by methods of visual diagnostics and microscopy. Cercospora lesion in the breeding nursery was evaluated on an 11-point scale, the ranking of samples into five groups of resistance - according to the degree of disease development (R%). Analyzed: 28 sterile lines (А); 13 fertile lines of fixers (В); 25 lines of pollinators (С) and 38 hybrid F1 (АхВхС).Results. It was found that more than half of the studied lines were receptive to Cercospora. The share of relatively resistant lines was 13%. Most of them (8%) are ms - lines « obtained by pollination of CMS with mf-lines В. A close relationship (r=0.86-0.89) between the index of lesion of fixators and the degree of disease development of ms- lines was revealed, in some simple combinations a positive effect of heterosis on resistance to Cercospora relative to mf-В was noted. In the submitted sample F1 hybrids mainly observed between the nature of inheritance according to the degree of disease development (R, %), mixed effects the base line stability of pollinator mf-С (r=0,32) and a closer correlation of the stability of hybrid offspring the F1 with the resistant parent ms-line А (r=0.55). As a result of the evaluation, the most resistant to Cercospora ms- and mf-lines and derived from them hybrid F1, among which only 9% were included in the group of relatively resistant to C. beticola.
Complex machines for the production of onions on resource-saving technologies
Authors: Larushin N. P. , Pivovarov V. F. , Kuharev O. N. , Vershinin Yu. A. 
Published: December 2019

Relevance. The most common and most mastered method of growing onions, used in the middle zone of the Russian Federation, as well as in the northern part of European countries, is the cultivation of turnip onions from onion. It is believed that this method provides 75% of the production of the entire onion harvest. Due to the sharp increase in the prices of energy carriers, fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural machinery, the production of sharp varieties of onions, grown in the crop, has become unprofitable, and marketable products have lost competitiveness due to high costs. Significant changes in the reduction of labor costs can be achieved by improving the technology and technical means for the production of onions, creating conditions for their work. The effectiveness of designs for sowing seeds of onions, onion sets and planting onions-uterus is determined by the uniform distribution of the bulbs by area of nutrition, depth and their embedding.Results. The material presented in the work is devoted to the analysis of designs and some results of studies of a complex of machines for the production of onions developed in the Penza GAU.
Formation of resistance to hypothermia varieties Fragaria x ananassa Duch, different ecological-geographical origin in autumn period
Authors: Prudnikov P. S. , Ozherelieva Z. E. , Krivushina D. A. , Zubkova M. I. 
Published: December 2019

Relevance. One of the most important factors which can influence on the growth and development of strawberries is the negative temperature in winter and especially in its snowless period. We were interested to study special aspects of the oxidative stress, accumulation of protector’s conjunctions, antioxidant and water status in autumn period of varieties strawberry garden different ecologicalgeographical origin in the conditions of the Orel region.Methods. The objects of the research were the leaves of Fragaria ananassa of different ecological and geographical origin in autumn period: Tsaritsa, Alba, Sara, Korona, Kokinskaya Rannya, Solovushka, Urozhainaya TsGL.Results. As the result was shown that in autumn period, when plants began preprocessing for winter, strawberry varieties Solovushka, Tsaritsa, Sara and Korona have been marked by increased antioxidant activity (for example, the enzymes SOD and catalase), little formation of reactive oxygen species and, in the end, low structural and functional damage to cell membranes. Also it was shown an increase in bound and a decrease in free water in the leaves of plants when the temperature decreased. At the same time, in the end of autumn, on the background of high content of free proline (19.38-29.73 mg/kg) and sucrose (2.65-6.46 mg/g), the varieties Solovushka, Tsaritsa, Sara and Korona had the highest ratio of bound/free water (4.10-8.10) in comparison with the with Urozhainaya TsGL and Alba. Thus, the varieties Solovushka, Tsaritsa, Sara and Korona are characterized by high adaptability to the winter conditions in the Orel region.
Patient Selection After Mandatory Bundled Payments for Hip and Knee Replacement
Authors: Humbyrd Casey Jo , Wu Shannon S. , Trujillo Antonio J. , Socal Mariana P. , Anderson Gerard F. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
On April 1, 2016, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) introduced bundled-payment programs for hip replacement and knee replacement (HKR) in selected metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) to decrease the costs and cost variability of HKR and to increase the quality of care. Early program analyses showed cost savings; however, studies also demonstrated a trend toward the selection of healthier patients for HKR performed under the bundled system. We compared the characteristics of patients who underwent HKR before implementation of the bundled-payment system (pre-policy) with those of patients who underwent HKR after implementation (post-policy).

Methods:
Patients who underwent HKR from 2015 to 2016 were identified from Medicare inpatient claims files. After matching for MSA characteristics, we used a difference-in-difference design to evaluate changes in patient case mix from pre-policy to post-policy by comparing Medicare beneficiaries receiving HKR in bundled MSAs (bMSAs) with those receiving HKR in non-bundled MSAs (nbMSAs). The main characteristics of interest were race, dual eligibility (for Medicare and Medicaid), tobacco use, obesity, presence of diabetes with or without complications, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) value. We also evaluated pre-policy to post-policy changes in patient case mix by comparing Medicare beneficiaries in bMSAs who underwent HKR compared with those who underwent hip hemiarthroplasty. Hip hemiarthroplasty was used as a control to determine whether there were changes in access to HKR.

Results:
We found significant differences in the unadjusted baseline characteristics between the bMSA and nbMSA cohorts, both for unmatched and matched samples. We found no significant post-policy changes in the characteristics of patients undergoing HKR. Patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty had significantly higher CCI values than did those undergoing HKR in bMSAs post-policy, although the difference was small (0.36-point higher CCI value; p < 0.01). Patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty were also 2.4% more likely to have diabetes mellitus without complications compared with those who underwent HRK post-policy (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:
In contrast to previous investigators, we found little to no significant change in the characteristics (including race, dual eligibility, tobacco use, obesity, presence of diabetes with or without complications, and CCI value) of Medicare beneficiaries who underwent HKR after the initiation of the CMS mandatory bundled-payment policy.
Molecular Modeling and in Silico Characterization of a Pathogenesis-Related Protein-10 (PR10) and its Coding Genes in some Oryza Species
Authors: Fouad Ahmed Sayed , Hafez Rehab Mahmoud 
Published: December 2019

يعد الأرز أحد الأطعمة الأساسية لأكثر من ثلثى سكان العالم مما يسترعى الإهتمام بالتحسينات الوراثية التى تزيد الكفأءة الحقلية لهذا المحصول الهام. و نظرا لقلة التباينات الوراثية فى الانواع المزروعة مقارنة بتلك الموجودة فى الأنواع الأخرى لجنس Oryza توجب الاهتمام بدراسة المحتوى الجينى لتلك الانواع الاخرى. تهدف هذه الدراسة الى وصف و توضيح أحد البروتينات المرتبطة بالآفات من المجموعة العاشرة (PR10) - لما لتلك المجموعة من أهمية فى مكافحة الإجهادات الحيوية و الغير الحيوية - و كذلك الجينات الخاصة بها فى عدد من أنواع جنس Oryza (O. sativa, O. barthii, O. glaberrima, O. glumipatula, O. meridionalis, O. nivara, O. rufipogon and O. punctata.) بٍإستعمال التقنيات الحاسوبية. و قد كشفت الدراسة تنوععاً محدوداً لهذا البروتين و الجين الخاص به فى كافة الأنواع عدا O. glumipatula الذى أظهرت الدراسة إختلافاً تركيبياً فى البروتين موضوع الدراسة به مقارنةً بالبروتين ذاته فى الأنواع Oryza الأخرى. و تستوجب هذه النتائج الإهتمام بالمحتوى الجينى لهذا النوع لما قد يحمله من فائدة فى مواجهة الأنواع المختلفة من الإجهادات و التى تتطلب مزيداً من الدراسة للإستفادة منها فى برامج تربية الأرز.
Faculty Retention in Medical Universities in the County Cities of Iran: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Shaterjalali Maria , Gholampoor Yousef , Jeihooni Ali Khani , Mansoori Yaser , Homayounfar Reza , Ehrampoush Elham , karimi shahnaz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and purpose: Faculty are the cornerstone of academic medicine and are important assets for any institution offering higher education. Recruitment and retention of capable faculty are essential to maintain and improve the quality of education and research performance of universities. The purpose of the present study is to discover the views, experiences, and attitudes of faculty to identify the reasons for attrition and retention of faculty in the medical universities of county cities of Iran. Methods: This is a qualitative study and the method used is of content analysis. The participants included 12 faculty transferred to type 1 university, 4 faculty with transfer request, and 4 faculty members with more than ten years of experience working in the University of county cities no relocate request. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews face to face and via telephone. To measure the trustworthiness of the data, we used four components of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability proposed by Lincoln and Guba. Results : The findings were divided into 3 categories and 14 sub-categories: the first category was the retention attractors, including 4 sub-categories of facilitated communication, proximity to type one university, gaining experience, and support of authorities; the second category was the retention threats, including 6 subcategories of social infrastructures, individual dimension, occupational dimension, economic dimension, sense of respect, and executive management dimension; and the third category was the retention strategies, including 4 sub-categories of the process of recruiting and promotion, inter-university collaboration with type one universities, facilitating scientific growth, and fulfilling the safety needs. Conclusion : Several factors play role in the retention of faculties in medical schools. Authorities can create a more positive environment by devising a suitable reward system, supporting academic activities, and increasing the level of practical autonomy of faculty to develop a sense of belonging among the workforce, and reduce the intention to transfer of their human resources.
Requests for euthanasia and assisted suicide: A qualitative study of the wordings of requests from patients at the end of life hospitalised in palliative care units.
Authors: Mathieu-Nicot Florence , Chassagne Aline , Leboul Daniele , Bousquet Anne , Godard-Marceau Aurélie , Trimaille Hélène , Guirimand Frédéric , Cretin Elodie , Aubry Régis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Whilst euthanasia and assisted suicide are forbidden by French Law, patients at the end of life, hospitalized in Palliative Care Units, sometimes express the Wish to Hasten their Death. Few Studies have analyzed the formulation of these patient requests in interviews and the associated death-related representations. The DESA study analyzed the expression of patients’ requests, focusing on the terms and how patients worded their wishes. The aim is to identify from the “raw wording” of the patients’ requests, the means of expressing them in all its singularity and evolution. Methods This is a qualitative study that took place in 11 French Palliative care Units during on year and included adult patients who had made an explicit request (euthanasia or physician assisted suicide) to a health care provider. Semi-structured interviews were conducted within 48 hours of the initial request (D0), then a week later (D7). Results At DO, the initial request is a request for euthanasia and it calls a third person urgently. This request is related to physical and psychological suffering, trauma and representations of death. At D7, we observe a semantic change; the request is less explicit and requires less intervention by a third party. The quest remains that of a death without suffering. Conclusions These patients express themselves easily on their request and listening is necessary to be able to hear the meaning of the words but also their functions. It is their nuance, variety and evolution that help to understand what the requirements mean. Trial registration number : ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02845817
Therapeutic Efficacies of Normobaric Oxygen Therapy in Healthcare: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xiao Huaping , Zhao Xu , Brackett Alexandria , Dai Feng , Meng Lingzhong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundNormobaric oxygen therapy is one of the most commonly used treatments in healthcare; however, oxygen is not a panacea. There is currently a lack of a comprehensive review summarizing different normobaric oxygen therapies and their therapeutic efficacies based on randomized controlled trials across healthcare. MethodsWe systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database from inception to April 4, 2019, for randomized controlled trials investigating the therapeutic efficacy of normobaric oxygen therapy compared to usual care. Two investigators independently extracted study data and assessed study quality.ResultsA total of 173 studies involving 81,792 patients were included in qualitative analysis, and 95 of these studies, segregated in 49 bodies of evidence according to methods of oxygen therapy used, patient populations treated, and outcomes measured, were included in meta-analyses. Normobaric oxygen therapy was guided by oxygen flow, inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2), or an oxygenation monitor. Each method had multiple different protocols. Eighteen different outcome measures were commonly used to assess the therapeutic efficacy. Ten (20%), 2 (4%) and 37 (76%) bodies of evidence suggested a beneficial, harmful, and futile effect, respectively. The quality of only two bodies of evidence (4%) was high, i.e., the significant reduction of prematurity-related mortality and necrotizing enterocolitis by 91-95% pulse oxygen saturation-guided therapy. The quality of the remaining 47 bodies of evidence was moderate (39%), low (43%), or very low (14%). Contrary to the World Health Organization recommendation, 80% FiO2-guided oxygen therapy did not affect surgical site infection in intubated surgical patients (risk ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 1.01; p=0.07; moderate quality).ConclusionsNormobaric oxygen therapy is widely used across healthcare; however, more than 70% of bodies of evidence suggested a futile effect and the quality of more than 50% of bodies of evidence was low or very low. How to best use normobaric oxygen therapy deserves further research.