bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farming for Life: Pilot assessment of the impact of medical prescriptions for vegetables on health and food security among Latino adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: York Benjamin , Kujan Mary , Conneely Casey , Glantz Namino , Kerr David 
Published: January 2020

Background: In the United States, Latino families have a disproportionate burden of diabetes and associated complications. Aim: This pilot study assessed the feasibility of using medical prescriptions of organic vegetables to improve health outcomes among Latinos with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Latino participants ( n = 21, 91% female, age 56 ± 11.1 years) with T2D received 12 weeks of medically prescribed organic vegetables. Weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and HbA1c were measured pre and post-intervention. Food security was also assessed. Results: Over 12 weeks, there was a significant fall in systolic ( p = 0.03) and diastolic ( p = 0.01) blood pressure. A total of 14 participants lost weight (median weight loss among responders was 1.9 pounds), and waist circumference decreased in 9 of 19 responders by a median of 1.5 inches. HbA1c was unchanged (6.7 ± 1.1% at baseline versus 7.0 ± 1.1% post-intervention). Conclusions: Medical prescriptions of organic vegetables may have measurable health benefits for adult Latinos with T2D.
Decreased nuclear distribution nudE-like 1 enzyme activity in an animal model with dysfunctional disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 signaling featuring aberrant neurodevelopment and amphetamine-supersensitivity
Authors: Nani João V , Fonseca Matheus C , Engi Sheila A , Perillo Mayara G , Dias Carlos SB , Gazarini Marcos L , Korth Carsten , Cruz Fábio C , Hayashi Mirian AF 
Published: January 2020

Background: Interaction of nuclear-distribution element-like 1 with disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 protein is crucial for neurite outgrowth/neuronal migration, and this interaction competitively inhibits nuclear-distribution element-like 1 peptidase activity. Nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity is reduced in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis and in medicated chronic schizophrenia, with even lower activity in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate in a rat model overexpressing human non-mutant disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1, with consequent dysfunctional disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 signaling, the relation of nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity with neurodevelopment and dopamine-related phenotypes. Methods: We measured cell distribution in striatum and cortex by histology and microtomography, and quantified the basal and amphetamine-stimulated locomotion and nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity (in blood and brain) of transgenic disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 rat vs wild-type littermate controls. Results: 3D assessment of neuronal cell body number and spatial organization of mercury-impregnated neurons showed defective neuronal positioning, characteristic of impaired cell migration, in striatum/nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex of transgenic disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 compared to wild-type brains. Basal nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity was lower in the blood and also in several brain regions of transgenic disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 compared to wild-type. Locomotion and nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity were both significantly increased by amphetamine in transgenic disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1, but not in wild-type. Conclusions: Our findings in the transgenic disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 rat allow us to state that decreased nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity reflects both a trait (neurodevelopmental phenotype) and a state (amphetamine-induced dopamine release). We thus define here a role for decreased nuclear-distribution element-like 1 peptidase activity both for the developing brain (the neurodevelopmental phenotype) and for the adult (interaction with dopaminergic responses), and present nuclear-distribution element-like 1 activity in a novel way, as unifying neurodevelopmental with dysfunctional dopamine response phenotypes.
Postseptic Cognitive Impairment and Expression of APOE in Peripheral Blood: The Cognition After SepsiS (CASS) Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Brown Samuel M. , Beesley Sarah J. , Stubben Chris , Wilson Emily L. , Presson Angela P. , Grissom Colin , Maguire Colin , Rondina Matthew T. , Hopkins Ramona O. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Cognitive impairment after sepsis is an important clinical problem. Determinants of postseptic cognitive impairment are not well understood. We thus undertook a systems biology approach to exploring a possible role for apolipoprotein E (APOE) in postseptic cognitive impairment. Design: Prospective, observational cohort. Setting: Intermountain Medical Center, a tertiary referral center in Utah. Patients/Participants: Patients with sepsis admitted to study intensive care units. Interventions: None. Methods: We obtained peripheral blood for deep sequencing of RNA and followed up survivors at 6 months with a battery of cognitive instruments. We defined cognitive impairment based on the 6-month Hayling test of executive function. In our primary analysis, we employed weighted network analysis. Secondarily, we compared variation in gene expression between patients with normal versus impaired cognition. Measurements and Main Results: We enrolled 40 patients, of whom 34 were follow-up eligible and 31 (91%) completed follow-up; 1 patient’s RNA sample was degraded—the final analytic cohort was 30 patients. Mean Hayling test score was 5.8 (standard deviation 1.1), which represented 20% with impaired executive function. The network module containing APOE was dominated by low-expression genes, with no association on primary analysis ( P = .8). Secondary analyses suggested several potential lines of future investigation, including oxidative stress. Conclusions: In this prospective pilot cohort, executive dysfunction affected 1 in 5 survivors of sepsis. The APOE gene was sparsely transcribed in peripheral leukocytes and not associated with cognitive impairment. Future lines of research are suggested.
Prevalence and Pattern of Psychiatric Morbidity Among Community-Dwelling Elderly Populations in Abeokuta, Nigeria
Authors: Amoo Gbolagade , Ogundele Adefolakemi Temitope , Olajide Abayomi Oluseye , Ighoroje Maroh Great , Oluwaranti Adedunmola Oluwaseun , Onunka Godspower Chibuike , Ladeinde Agnes Abosede , Folaji Olubukola Grace 
Published: January 2020

Background: Many elderly persons in Nigeria are having mental health challenges and there is a lack of commensurate increase in services to attend to such. Aim: To assess the prevalence, pattern and correlates of psychiatric morbidity among community dwelling elderly persons (≥ 60 years) in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Methods: 532 respondents were selected using a multistage, stratified cluster sampling method from the elderly population in Abeokuta. First, participants were administered the socio-demographic questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Those with a score of ≥ 3 in GHQ-12 were assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI PLUS), while those with ≤ 16 in MMSE were assessed with the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) IV criteria for Dementia and the Petersen’s criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Results: 36.3% of the respondents had a probable psychological disorder, while 25.4% had a probable cognitive impairment. 9.8% had a current definitive psychiatric disorder. The commonest disorders were major depressive disorder and dementia. The female gender, the oldest old (≥ 80 years), having a chronic medical illness and bereavement in the last 1 year were most significantly associated with having mental health problems. Conclusion: A significant number of the elderly population in the studied community suffers from a psychiatric illness. It is hoped that studies as these will inform stakeholders on the need to pay closer attention to the mental health needs of the elderly, as their overall wellbeing plays a role in determining the overall health of the community.
Serum vitamin D status in sick cats with and without cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Kibler Lesli , Heinze Cailin R , Webster Cynthia RL 
Published: January 2020

Objectives Vitamin D deficiency accompanies chronic cholestatic liver disease (CLD) in humans. The vitamin D status of cats with CLD is unknown. The objectives of this study were to describe serum vitamin D concentrations in cats with CLD and to determine if they correlated with indices of liver disease severity. Methods Thirty-six cats with CLD, defined by increases in serum bilirubin and serum alanine aminotransferase, and 23 sick cats with non-hepatobiliary diseases were prospectively enrolled. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and ionized calcium were measured. Signalment, clinical signs, comorbidities, diet history, serum bilirubin, liver enzyme activity, albumin, phosphorus, white blood cell count, prothrombin time and final hepatic cytologic/histopathologic diagnosis, when available, were recorded. Results Median serum 25(OH)D levels were similar in cats with CLD (89.5 nmol/l; range 21–112 nmol/l) and sick cats (89.0 nmol/l; range 49–115 nmol/l). Overall 12/36 (33%) cats with CLD and 4/23 (17%) sick cats had 25(OH)D levels below the lower limit of the reference interval (<65 nmol/l). Median PTH concentrations in cats with CLD were significantly higher (0.95 pmol/l; range 0–11.3 pmol/l) than in sick cats (0.70 pmol/l; range 0.5–6 pmol/l). In cats with CLD, 6/36 (17%) had high PTH levels in contrast to only 1/23 (4%) sick cats. In cats with CLD, 25(OH)D concentrations did not correlate with serum bilirubin, albumin or serum liver enzymes but were moderately negatively correlated with white blood cell count (r = − 0.402, P = 0.013). Cats with hepatic lipidosis had the highest prevalence of 25(OH)D concentrations that fell below the reference interval. Conclusions and relevance Many cats with CLD have serum 25(OH)D concentrations below the lower limit of the reference interval. Further study is warranted to determine the clinical relevance and whether supplementation would provide benefits.
Role of vector-borne pathogens in the development of fever in cats: 1. Flea-associated diseases
Authors: Lappin Michael R , Tasker Séverine , Roura Xavier 
Published: January 2020

Practical relevance: There has been increasing identification of vector-borne pathogens in cats presented to veterinary clinics around the world for evaluation of fever and the associated secondary effects, such as signs of depression and loss of appetite. Aim: The aim of this article is to summarize the clinically relevant information concerning fever in cats that is associated with pathogens known or suspected to be vectored by fleas, with an emphasis on presenting clinical abnormalities and optimal diagnostic, treatment and prevention strategies. Fever in cats that is associated with pathogens vectored by ticks or sandflies is discussed in Part 2 of this article series.
Towards clinical photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging: Probe improvement and real-time graphical user interface
Authors: Kim Jeesu , Park Eun-Yeong , Park Byullee , Choi Wonseok , Lee Ki J , Kim Chulhong 
Published: January 2020

Photoacoustic imaging is a non-invasive and non-ionizing biomedical technique that has been investigated widely for various clinical applications. By taking the advantages of conventional ultrasound imaging, hand-held operation with a linear array transducer should be favorable for successful clinical translation of photoacoustic imaging. In this paper, we present new key updates contributed to the previously developed real-time clinical photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging system for improving the clinical usability of the system. We developed a seamless image optimization platform, designed a real-time parameter control software with a user-friendly graphical user interface, performed Monte Carlo simulation of the optical fluence in the imaging plane, and optimized the geometry of the imaging probe. The updated system allows optimizing of all imaging parameters while continuously acquiring the photoacoustic and ultrasound images in real-time. The updated system has great potential to be used in a variety of clinical applications such as assessing the malignancy of thyroid cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma. Impact statement Photoacoustic imaging is a promising biomedical imaging modality that can visualize both structural and functional information of biological tissue. Because of its easiness to be integrated with conventional ultrasound imaging systems, numerous studies have been conducted to develop and apply clinical photoacoustic imaging systems. However, most of the systems were not suitable for general-purpose clinical applications due to one of the following reasons: target specific design, immobility, inaccessible operation sequence, and lack of hand-held operation. This study demonstrates a real-time clinical photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging system, which can overcome the limitations of the previous systems for successful clinical translation.
Endoscopic Flexor Hallucis Longus Transfer for Achilles Noninsertional Tendinopathy: Description of Surgical Technique and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Gerstner G Juan Bernardo , Winson Ian , Campo Jimmy , Swords Michael , Camilo Medina Juan , Rammelt Stefan , Gerstner S Jochen , Cantor Erika J , Ramírez Carlos 
Published: January 2020

Background. The transfer of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon is an established treatment for replacing a dysfunctional Achilles tendon. Objectives. (1) Describe a new technique for endoscopic FHL transfer for noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy and (2) describe the functional outcomes and complications after endoscopic and open FHL transfer. Materials and Method. Retrospective study of patients who underwent open or endoscopic FHL transfer between 2014 and 2016. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle/hindfoot scale was used preoperatively and postoperatively to measure the functional results. Results. We included 18 endoscopic FHL transfers and 24 open FHL transfers. The mean age of endoscopic and open procedures was 47.5 years (range 25-77 years) and 61.2 years (range 43-72 years), respectively. An improvement on the average AOFAS of 52.8% (31.9 points) was observed in the endoscopy group during the follow-up from the baseline. The mean improvement in AOFAS score for the open group was 41.4% (24.5 points). Four and 7 cases reported complications in the endoscopy and open FHL transfer groups, respectively. Conclusion. While both procedures were effective in treating noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy, the described arthroscopic treatment led to a greater improvement in the AOFAS score and is slightly less prone to lasting complications. Level of Evidence: Level IV: Case series
Clinical outcomes of meniscus repair and partial meniscectomy: Does tear configuration matter?
Authors: Gan Jonathan Zhi-Wei , Lie Denny TT , Lee Wen Qiang 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: We report our experience with the effect of location and configuration of meniscal tears on clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent partial meniscectomy or meniscal repair between 2008 and 2016 was conducted. One hundred fourteen knees in 106 patients were included, comprising 43 partial meniscectomies and 71 meniscal repairs. Patients were graded pre- and postoperatively with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and Tegner Activity Level Scale. Meniscal tears were classified according to location (anterior horn, body, posterior horn, and others) and type (radial, horizontal, longitudinal, and complex) and subgroups were analyzed for their effect on outcomes. Results: All tears, whether treated with partial meniscectomy or repair, showed significant improvement in postoperative scores ( p < 0.05); 39.47% of tears involved the posterior horn alone, 10.53% involved the body alone, 3.51% involved the anterior horn alone, and 46.49% were complex tears that spanned more than one area. Complex tears treated with repair had significantly better scores (IKDC, p = 0.002; Tegner, p = 0.008) than complex tears treated with meniscectomy. Longitudinal tears showed results suggesting better short-term outcomes with meniscectomy than with repair (IKDC, p = 0.036; Tegner p = 0.018), a potential statistical anomaly. Horizontal and radial tears showed no significant difference in outcomes, regardless of treatment. Tears in different locations (anterior horn, body, posterior horn, and others) showed no significant difference in outcomes, regardless of treatment. Conclusion: Meniscal surgery yields significant improvement in postoperative scores. Complex tears showed significantly better postoperative scores when treated with repair.
Differences in patient-reported outcomes between medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy and total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Matsumoto Kazu , Ogawa Hiroyasu , Yoshioka Hiroki , Akiyama Haruhiko 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To compare patient subjective satisfaction between medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: This study enrolled 110 knees, including comprising 49 knees in the HTO group, and 61 knees in the TKA group. We assessed the overall satisfaction using a three-point questionnaire. The satisfaction questionnaire included three questions: (1) How satisfied are you with the results of your knee surgery? (2) How satisfied are you with your most recent knee surgery for reducing your pain? and (3) How satisfied are you with your most recent knee surgery for improving your ability to perform functions? Furthermore, we assessed knee pain and function by using the Knee Society Function Score (KSS) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) systems. Results: Overall, 93.8% of patients from the HTO group and 95.1% from the TKA group indicated subjective satisfaction (very satisfied and satisfied) with their surgeries. For pain relief, the HTO group showed significantly better outcomes for overall satisfaction ( p = 0.04 in walking on a flat surface and p = 0.02 in going upstairs or downstairs). For restored function, the HTO group scored significantly better on ascending stairs than the TKA group ( p = 0.007). Functional outcomes using the KSS scoring system did not show significant differences between the two groups. The KOOS pain score was significantly higher in the TKA group (89.9 ± 6.4) than in the HTO group (80.3 ± 12.5). Conclusion: HTO and TKA have comparable outcomes with respect to overall patient satisfaction. Level of evidence: Level III, therapeutic case series.
Novel antithrombotic strategies for treatment of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Weitz Jeffrey I. , Chan Noel C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is the third most common cause of vascular death after heart attack and stroke. Anticoagulation therapy is the cornerstone of VTE treatment. Despite such therapy, up to 50% of patients with DVT develop postthrombotic syndrome, and up to 4% of patients with PE develop chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, better therapies are needed. Although direct oral anticoagulants are more convenient and safer than warfarin for VTE treatment, bleeding remains the major side effect, particularly in cancer patients. Factor XII and factor XI have emerged as targets for new anticoagulants that may be safer. To reduce the complications of VTE, attenuation of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor activity is under investigation in PE patients to enhance endogenous fibrinolysis, whereas blockade of leukocyte interaction with the vessel wall is being studied to reduce the inflammation that contributes to postthrombotic syndrome in DVT patients. Focusing on these novel antithrombotic strategies, this article explains why safer anticoagulants are needed, provides the rationale for factor XII and XI as targets for such agents, reviews the data on the factor XII– and factor XI–directed anticoagulants under development, describes novel therapies to enhance fibrinolysis and decrease inflammation in PE and DVT patients, respectively, and offers insights into the opportunities for these novel VTE therapies.
Transcriptome analysis of the hippocampus in environmental noise-exposed SAMP8 mice reveals regulatory pathways associated with Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology
Authors: Su Donghong , Li Wenlong , Chi Huimin , Yang Honglian , She Xiaojun , Wang Kun , Gao Xiujie , Ma Kefeng , Zhang Ming , Cui Bo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic noise exposure is one environmental hazard that is associated with genetic susceptibility factors that increase Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, the comprehensive understanding of the link between chronic noise stress and AD is limited. Herein, we investigated the effects of chronic noise exposure on AD-like changes in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8).MethodsA total of 30 male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into the noise-exposed group, the control group, and aging group (positive controls), and mice in the exposure group were exposed to 98 dB SPL white noise for 30 consecutive days. Transcriptome analysis and AD-like neuropathology of hippocampus were examined by RNA sequencing and immunoblotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time PCR were used to further determine the differential gene expression and explore the underlying mechanisms of chronic noise exposure in relation to AD at the genome level.ResultsChronic noise exposure led to amyloid beta accumulation and increased the hyperphosphorylation of tau at the Ser202 and Ser404 sites in young SAMP8 mice; similar observations were noted in aging SAMP8 mice. We identified 21 protein-coding transcripts that were differentially expressed: 6 were downregulated and 15 were upregulated after chronic noise exposure; 8 genes were related to AD. qPCR results indicated that the expression of Arc, Egr1, Egr2, Fos, Nauk1, and Per2 were significantly high in the noise exposure group. These outcomes mirrored the results of the RNA sequencing data.ConclusionsThese findings further revealed that chronic noise exposure exacerbated aging-like impairment in the hippocampus of the SAMP8 mice and that the protein-coding transcripts discovered in the study may be key candidate regulators involved in environment-gene interactions.