bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mind the Gap: Current Treatment Alternatives for GERD Patients Failing Medical Treatment and Not Ready for a Fundoplication
Authors: Huynh Phuong , Konda Vani , Sanguansataya Suchakree , Ward Marc A. , Leeds Steven G. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is associated with Barrett esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and significantly impacts quality of life. Medical management is the first line therapy with surgical fundoplication as an alternative therapy. However, a small portion of patients who fail medical therapy are referred for surgical consultation. This creates a “gap” in therapy for those patients dissatisfied with medical therapy but are not getting referred for surgical consultation. Three procedures have been designed to address these patients. These include radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the lower esophageal sphincter, transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF), and magnetic sphincter augmentation.

Materials and Methods:
A Pubmed literature review was conducted of all publications for RFA, TIF, and MSA. Four most common endpoints for the 3 procedures were compared at different intervals of follow-up. These include percent of patients off proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), GERD-HRQL score, DeMeester score, and percent of time with pH <4. A second query was performed for patients treated with PPI and fundoplications to match the same 4 endpoints as a control.

Results:
Variable freedom from PPI was reported at 1 year for RFA with a weighted mean of 62%, TIF with a weighted mean of 61%, MSA with a weighted mean of 85%, and fundoplications with a weighted mean of 84%. All procedures including PPIs improved quality-of-life scores but were not equal. Fundoplication had the best improvement followed by MSA, TIF, RFA, and PPI, respectively. DeMeester scores are variable after all procedures and PPIs. All MSA studies showed normalization of pH, whereas only 4 of 17 RFA studies and 3 of 11 TIF studies reported normalization of pH.

Conclusions:
Our literature review compares 3 rival procedures to treat “gap” patients for gastroesophageal reflux disease with 4 common endpoints. Magnetic sphincter augmentation appears to have the most reproducible and linear outcomes but is the most invasive of the 3 procedures. MSA outcomes most closely mirrors that of fundoplication.
Intraoperative Thermal Imaging for Evaluating Blood Perfusion During Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Tokunaga Takuya , Shimada Mitsuo , Higashijima Jun , Yoshikawa Kozo , Nishi Masaaki , Kashihara Hideya , Takasu Chie , Ishikawa Daichi , Yoshimoto Toshiaki 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Anastomotic leakage is a feared complication of anterior resection for rectal cancer. Among the various factors reported to be involved in the occurrence of anastomotic leakage, blood perfusion of the remnant intestine is one of the most important. Recently, the usefulness of evaluating blood perfusion using indocyanine green (ICG) has been reported. We therefore aimed to show that measuring intestinal temperature using thermography is useful for evaluating blood perfusion. The authors also investigated the relation between intestinal temperatures and the ICG fluorescence time (FT).

Materials and Methods:
Altogether, 45 patients who underwent laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer between July 2017 and September 2018 were enrolled in this study. ICG FT and intestinal temperature were measured after the mesenteric dissection.

Result:
The temperature boundary could be easily identified using thermographic images. The temperature of the residual intestinal tract was significantly higher than that of the resected intestinal tract at the planned separation line (29.9 vs. 27.3°C). In addition, there was an inverse correlation between the ICG FT and the temperature of the residual intestine.

Conclusion:
Intestinal temperature measurement through thermography is a useful new tool for evaluating intestinal blood perfusion.
Little trace of floristic homogenization in peri‐urban Andean secondary forests despite high anthropogenic transformation
Authors: Hurtado‐M Ana Belén , Echeverry‐Galvis María Ángela , Salgado‐Negret Beatriz , Muñoz Juan Camilo , Posada Juan Manuel , Norden Natalia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Pervasive human impact in heavily transformed landscapes may lead disturbance‐adapted species to thrive, resulting in floristic homogenization across forest stands. However, environmental heterogeneity and dispersal limitation may be antagonistic forces to homogenization, maintaining inherent floristic differentiation across sites.

We evaluated the extent to which peri‐urban Andean forests are undergoing floristic homogenization in both late‐ and early‐successional stands. We considered seedling assemblages as well, as they provide key insights into forests’ future. We then quantified the relative importance of dispersal limitation and environmental filtering in determining the observed patterns of floristic similarity across the landscape.

We used tree, seedling, soil and climatic data from six sites located in the high plain where Bogotá lies (Colombia). Within each site, we established six 20 × 20 m plots, three in early‐successional stands and three in late‐successional stands, for a total of 36 plots.

To evaluate the extent of floristic homogenization, we defined tree floristic similarity among late‐successional stands as a baseline, reflecting our best‐guess of the original species composition that would have once occurred previous to intense anthropogenic intervention. Tree floristic turnover across the landscape was alike in late‐ and in early‐secondary stands, a finding that does not support the homogenization scenario. Seedling species composition, in contrast, was more homogeneous among early‐ than among late‐secondary stands, an outcome suggestive of homogenization.

The relative importance of spatial and environmental drivers shifted between life stages. Distance between plots was the best predictor of tree species dissimilarity (29% of variance explained), whereas seedling compositional variation was more sensitive to changes in environmental conditions (41% of the variance explained). Relative humidity and several variables related to soil fertility showed a significant effect on floristic dissimilarity across the landscape, although significant factors were often different between life stages.

Synthesis. Despite high anthropogenic transformation, we found little trace of floristic homogenization in these peri‐urban landscapes. Inherent floristic differentiation, promoted both by dispersal limitation and environmental heterogeneity, suggests that all patches are important to the conservation in these Andean forests, critical centres of endemism.
Consumer preferences for black coffee are spread over a wide range of brew strengths and extraction yields
Authors: Cotter Andrew R. , Batali Mackenzie E. , Ristenpart William D. , Guinard Jean‐Xavier 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrewing is the final and key step in the production of the coffee beverage. Extraction related metrics such as the total dissolved solids (TDS), percentage extraction yield (PE) of solutes, and brew temperature (BT) are widely believed to govern the flavor and corresponding consumer acceptance of the resulting brew, as summarized in the industry standard “Coffee Brewing Control Chart.” In this study, we investigated how the three factors of TDS, PE, and BT affected consumer acceptance of a medium roast, single‐origin coffee and whether consumer preference segmentation would be observed based on these variables. A cohort of 118 mostly college‐age, self‐reported consumers of black coffee tasted coffees that varied in BT, TDS, and PE. For each coffee, consumers rated overall acceptance on the 9‐point hedonic scale; the adequacy of serving temperature, flavor intensity, acidity, and mouthfeel using 5‐point just‐about‐right (JAR) scales; and described the flavor using a check‐all‐that‐apply list of 17 attributes. Cluster analysis revealed two consumer segments whose preferences varied most strongly with TDS. Response surface methodology relating liking to TDS and PE produced dome‐ and saddle‐shaped surfaces for the two segments, respectively. External preference mapping and penalty analysis indicated that overall flavor intensity as well as acidity heavily influenced the preferences of the two clusters. The Coffee Brewing Control Chart's “ideal” coffee should therefore be reconsidered to reflect consumer preference segmentation.Practical ApplicationThis research informs the way coffee brewers manipulate brew strength and extraction of drip brew coffee for optimal consumer acceptance; and justifies a reform of the standard “Coffee Brewing Control Chart” in its representation of an “ideal” coffee as we uncovered two consumer preference segments with different positive and negative sensory drivers of liking.
Explaining differential effects of medication for opioid use disorder using a novel approach incorporating mediating variables
Authors: Rudolph Kara E. , Díaz Iván , Hejazi Nima S. , van der Laan Mark J. , Luo Sean X. , Shulman Matisyahu , Campbell Aimee , Rotrosen John , Nunes Edward V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsA recent study found that homeless individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) had a lower risk of relapse on extended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) versus buprenorphine–naloxone (BUP‐NX), whereas non‐homeless individuals had a lower risk of relapse on BUP‐NX. This secondary study examined differences in mediation pathways to medication effect between homeless and non‐homeless participants.DesignSecondary analysis of an open‐label randomized controlled, 24‐week comparative effectiveness trial, 2014–17.SettingEight community addiction treatment programs in the United States.ParticipantsEnglish‐speaking adults with DSM‐5 OUD, recruited during inpatient admission (n = 570).Intervention(s)Randomization to monthly injection of XR‐NTX or daily sublingual BUP‐NX.Measurements(s)Mediation analysis estimated the direct effect of XR‐NTX versus BUP‐NX on relapse and indirect effect through mediators of medication adherence, use of illicit opioids, depressive symptoms and pain, separately by homeless status.FindingsFor the homeless subgroup, the protective indirect path contributed a 3.4 percentage point reduced risk of relapse [95% confidence interval (CI) = −12.0, 5.3] comparing XR‐NTX to BUP‐NX (explaining 21% of the total effect). For the non‐homeless subgroup, the indirect path contributed a 9.4 percentage point increased risk of relapse (95% CI = 3.1, 15.7) comparing XR‐NTX to BUP‐NX (explaining 57% of the total effect).ConclusionsA novel approach to mediation analysis shows that much of the difference in medication effectiveness (extended‐release naltrexone versus buprenorphine–naloxone) on opioid relapse among non‐homeless adults with opioid use disorder appears to be explained by mediators of adherence, illicit opioid use, depressive symptoms and pain.
Revanchism via Pedestrianism: Street‐level Bureaucracy in the Production of Uneven Policing Landscapes
Authors: Levy Joshua J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe emergence over the last decade of large numbers of vulnerable EU citizens begging on Swedish streets has led to ambivalent responses from the Swedish state, including from local police forces charged with policing public order. Based on research including interviews with vulnerable EU citizens and with police officials in two socio‐economically divergent areas of Stockholm, this paper seeks to understand how policing practices are motivated and enacted towards this group and how these practices are experienced by those targeted. The results reveal a set of policing practices which, whilst framed within a depoliticised logic of what Nicholas Blomley calls “pedestrianism”, work to produce spatially uneven punitive landscapes for those begging. The paper argues that understanding the role of police as “street‐level bureaucrats” (following Michael Lipsky), with the agency to escalate or soften revanchist landscapes, is fundamental to understanding the contingencies at the heart of punitive urbanisms.
Fears for the future: A qualitative exploration of the experiences of individuals living with multiple sclerosis, and its impact upon the family from the perspective of the person with MS
Authors: Hunter Rachael , Parry Bryoni , Thomas Ceri 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesNotorious for its unpredictable nature, Multiple sclerosis (MS) can have a profound impact on all areas of a person’s life, as well as the lives of their family. The aim of this qualitative study was to develop an in‐depth understanding of the experiences of individuals living with MS and its impact upon the family system from the perspective of the person with M.MethodsQualitative data were collected through semi‐structured interviews conducted with 14 people living with MS (pwMS). Interviews lasted for approx. 1 hr, were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Anonymized data were then analysed using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77).ResultsThe themes identified within participant narratives reflected the turbulent emotions experienced by pwMS after diagnosis and the impact upon their family. Three key themes were identified with six subthemes. The central themes were feeling let down by health care, fears for the future, and finding a way forward. Fears about loss of autonomy and independence characterized the narratives that notably focussed upon impact on the self, despite the study emphasis. Discussions of suicide also featured.ConclusionsThe data demonstrate the psychosocial impact of living with MS as life‐changing, encompassing traumatic losses and adaptation that was ongoing. The findings highlight the important role of health professionals and the dynamic impact of illness identity and engulfment. Opportunities to improve patient care by acknowledging the emotional impact of MS are discussed. Targeted and timely interventions to enhance psychological well‐being, and areas for future research are considered.
MCM10 compensates for Myc‐induced DNA replication stress in breast cancer stem‐like cells
Authors: Murayama Takahiko , Takeuchi Yasuto , Yamawaki Kaoru , Natsume Toyoaki , Li Mengjiao , Marcela Rojas‐Chaverra N. , Nishimura Tatsunori , Kogure Yuta , Nakata Asuka , Tominaga Kana , Sasahara Asako , Yano Masao , Ishikawa Satoko , Ohta Tetsuo , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Horie‐Inoue Kuniko , Inoue Satoshi , Seki Masahide , Suzuki Yutaka , Sugano Sumio , Enomoto Takayuki , Tanabe Masahiko , Tada Kei‐ichiro , Kanemaki Masato T. , Okamoto Koji , Tojo Arinobu , Gotoh Noriko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCancer stem‐like cells (CSCs) induce drug resistance and recurrence of tumors when they experience DNA replication stress. However, the mechanisms underlying DNA replication stress in CSCs and its compensation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that upregulated c‐Myc expression induces stronger DNA replication stress in patient‐derived breast CSCs than in differentiated cancer cells. Our results suggest critical roles for mini‐chromosome maintenance protein 10 (MCM10), a firing (activating) factor of DNA replication origins, to compensate for DNA replication stress in CSCs. MCM10 expression is upregulated in CSCs and is maintained by c‐Myc. c‐Myc‐dependent collisions between RNA transcription and DNA replication machinery may occur in nuclei, thereby causing DNA replication stress. MCM10 may activate dormant replication origins close to these collisions to ensure the progression of replication. Moreover, patient‐derived breast CSCs were found to be dependent on MCM10 for their maintenance, even after enrichment for CSCs that were resistant to paclitaxel, the standard chemotherapeutic agent. Further, MCM10 depletion decreased the growth of cancer cells, but not of normal cells. Therefore, MCM10 may robustly compensate for DNA replication stress and facilitate genome duplication in cancer cells in the S‐phase, which is more pronounced in CSCs. Overall, we provide a preclinical rationale to target the c‐Myc‐MCM10 axis for preventing drug resistance and recurrence of tumors.
Dietary intervention as a therapeutic for cancer
Authors: Morita Mami , Kudo Kei , Shima Hiroshi , Tanuma Nobuhiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCancer metabolism is influenced by availability of nutrients in the microenvironment and can to some extent be manipulated by dietary modifications that target oncogenic metabolism. As yet, few dietary interventions have been scientifically proven to mitigate disease progression or enhance any other kind of therapy in human cancer. However, recent advances in the understanding of cancer metabolism enable us to predict or devise effective dietary interventions that might antagonize tumor growth. In fact, evidence emerging from preclinical models suggests that appropriate combinations of specific cancer therapies with dietary interventions could critically impact therapeutic efficacy. Here, we review the potential benefits of precision nutrition approaches in augmenting the efficacy of cancer treatment.
Prolactinoma in childhood and adolescence—Tumour size at presentation predicts management strategy: Single centre series and a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Arya Ved Bhushan , Aylwin Simon J. B. , Hulse Tony , Ajzensztejn Michal , Kalitsi Jennifer , Kalogirou Nicolas , Bodi Istvan , Thomas Nick , Hampton Tim , Kapoor Ritika R. , Buchanan Charles R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report the clinical presentation, management and outcomes of young patients with prolactinomas (<20 years) and conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis.Patients and DesignClinical, biochemical and radiological data (1996‐2018) were collected from our centre. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of published literature (1994‐2019) on prolactinoma (age <20 years) were conducted. Both random and fixed effects meta‐analysis were used to pool outcomes across studies.Results 1 Case seriesTwenty‐two patients (14 females) were identified; median age at diagnosis 15.7 years (range 13‐19); 12 patients (6 females) had a macroprolactinoma. Seven patients (macroprolactinoma‐6) had associated pituitary hormone deficiencies at presentation. Five patients (4 males) underwent surgical resection due to poor response to cabergoline or apoplexy. Patients undergoing surgery had larger tumours (p < .02) and higher serum prolactin concentration (p < .005). All patients with macroprolactinoma >20 mm required surgical intervention.Results 2 Systematic review and meta‐analysisWe selected 11 studies according to strict inclusion criteria describing 275 patients. Macroprolactinoma was more common in girls (78.7% [95% CI 70.5‐85.9]) than boys and was more frequent than microprolactinoma (56.6% [95% CI 48.4‐64.5]). In males, only 6/57 (10.5%) of tumours were microprolactinoma as compared to 102/198 (51.5%) microprolactinoma in females (risk difference −0.460; [95% CI −0.563 to −0.357]; p < .001). Surgery was first‐line therapy in 18.9% patients, with another 15.4% requiring it as a second line (overall 31.3%).ConclusionsMacroprolactinoma, particularly if >20 mm, usually requires multimodal therapy including surgical intervention. While overall prolactinomas in <20 years age group are more common in females, the proportion of macroprolactinoma vs microprolactinoma is greater in males, particularly for large invasive tumours. Microprolactinoma is a rare diagnosis in adolescent males.
Implantoplasty: Carbide burs vs diamond sonic tips. An in vitro study
Authors: Sivolella Stefano , Brunello Giulia , Michelon Filippo , Concheri Gianmaria , Graiff Lorenzo , Meneghello Roberto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesImplantoplasty (IP) is a treatment option for peri‐implantitis. Mechanical concerns were raised on fracture resistance of implants subjected to this procedure. This study aimed to compare two methods of IP in terms of implant wear and fracture resistance, and of surface topography.Material and methodsEighteen cylindrical screw‐shaped dental implants (4 mm diameter, 13 mm length) with an external hexagonal connection were used. IP was performed on the first 6‐mm implant surface with a sequence of burs or diamond sonic tips, both followed by an Arkansas finishing. IP duration and implant weight variation were recorded. Micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) was used to evaluate material loss. Implant fracture resistance was assessed by static compression test. Surface topography analysis was performed with a stylus profilometer. Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) was applied for implant surface morphology and elemental characterization.ResultsMicro‐CT showed less material loss in sonic compared to burs. No statistically significant difference was found between the mean fracture resistance values reached in bur and sonic, both followed by Arkansas, and with respect to control. IP performed with burs led to a smoother surface compared to sonic. Equivalent final surface roughness was found after Arkansas in both IP procedures. SEM‐EDS showed a deburring effect associated to sonic and revealed carbon and aluminum peaks attributable to contamination with sonic diamond tips and Arkansas bur, respectively.ConclusionsIP with sonic diamond tips was found to be more conservative in terms of structure loss. This could have a clinical relevance in case of narrow‐diameter implants.
Inhibitory control and impulsive responses in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Mirabella Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

The impairment of inhibitory control is often assumed to be the core deficit of several neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by poor impulse control. However, could the same deficit explain different clinical phenotypes? Evidence from behavioural studies is very mixed. This is partly because inhibition is a highly complex executive function. Thus, the different types of tasks that generically tap into inhibitory control are likely to provide different outcomes. Additionally, sample inhomogeneity in terms of age, comorbidity, and medical treatment are confounding factors. Therefore, to make a reliable assessment of the deficit of inhibitory control in a given disorder, the same task and samples with similar characteristics must be employed. This article reviews and discusses studies on five neurodevelopmental disorders with impaired impulse control where these criteria have been used: Tourette syndrome; obsessive–compulsive disorder; attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder; primary motor stereotypies; and autism spectrum disorder. Overall, they suggest that the mechanisms underlying the inability to control urges are extremely heterogeneous and cannot be ascribed to a general impairment of inhibition. These findings do not support the hypothesis that inhibitory deficits represent a transdiagnostic feature of neurodevelopmental disorders with poor impulse control.What this paper adds

The mechanisms underlying the inability to control urges in neurodevelopmental disorders are heterogeneous.

Inhibition impairments cannot generally explain all neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by poor urge control.