bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block: an effective alternative technique to control ischaemic severe rest pain during endovascular treatment of critical limb ischaemia
Authors: Gedikoglu Murat , Eker Hatice E. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThere are challenges with pain management related to a severely ischaemic limb. Although opioid-based treatment has been the cornerstone of pain relief, the use of these drugs should be limited because of their side effects in such vulnerable patients. We evaluated the utility and efficiency of sciatic nerve block as an alternative method to relieve severe rest pain during endovascular treatment of critical limb ischaemia.Material and methodsWe retrospectively investigated 10 patients who received ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block for the relief of severe rest pain during endovascular treatment of critical limb ischaemia. The degree of pain relief was evaluated by using subjective criteria, from no relief of pain (= 1) to complete relief of pain (= 4). Details of endovascular treatment, time to perform the block, amount of local anaesthetics, duration of the block, need for supplemental analgesia, patient and operator satisfaction, and complications were recorded.ResultsAll blocks were technically successful, and all of the patients had complete resolution of the pain within five minutes. The degree of pain relief was 3 in two patients and 4 in eight patients. All patients were satisfied with the block anaesthesia, and no patient required additional analgesia during this period. Operator satisfaction was very good in all cases. Complications secondary to block did not occur in any patient.ConclusionsUltrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block provides effective pain control, which results in excellent patient and operator satisfaction during endovascular treatment of critical limb ischaemia with severe rest pain.
Surface melt and the importance of water flow – an analysis based on high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data for an Arctic glacier
Authors: Bash Eleanor A. , Moorman Brian J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Models of glacier surface melt are commonly used in studies of glacier mass balance and runoff; however, with limited data available, most models are validated based on ablation stakes and data from automatic weather stations (AWSs). The technological advances of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and structure from motion (SfM) have made it possible to measure glacier surface melt in detail over larger portions of a glacier. In this study, we use melt measured using SfM processing of UAV imagery to assess the performance of an energy balance (EB) and enhanced temperature index (ETI) melt model in two dimensions. Imagery collected over a portion of the ablation zone of Fountain Glacier, Nunavut, on 21, 23, and 24 July 2016 was previously used to determine distributed surface melt. An AWS on the glacier provides some measured inputs for both models as well as an additional check on model performance. Modelled incoming solar radiation and albedo derived from UAV imagery are also used as inputs for both models, which were used to estimate melt from 21 to 24 July 2016. Both models estimate total melt at the AWS within 16 % of observations (4 % for ETI). Across the study area the median model error, calculated as the difference between modelled and measured melt (EB = −0.064 m, ETI = −0.050 m), is within the uncertainty of the measurements. The errors in both models were strongly correlated to the density of water flow features on the glacier surface. The relation between water flow and model error suggests that energy from surface water flow contributes significantly to surface melt on Fountain Glacier. Deep surface streams with highly asymmetrical banks are observed on Fountain Glacier, but the processes leading to their formation are missing in the model assessed here. The failure of the model to capture flow-induced melt would lead to significant underestimation of surface melt should the model be used to project future change.
The Bunder Diamond Project, India: Geology, Geochemistry, and Age of the Saptarshi Lamproite Pipes
Authors: Das H. , Kobussen A. F. , Webb K. J. , Phillips D. , Maas R. , Soltys A. , Rayner M. J. , Howell D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Bunder diamond project comprises a cluster of seven known diamondiferous volcanic pipes and dikes known as the Saptarshi field. The largest of these is Atri, which comprises two adjacent coalesced volcanic pipes, Atri North and Atri South. This paper reports data that have been compiled into a new three-dimensional geologic model and, together with new geochemical and geochronological information, provides further insight on the internal geology, emplacement history, classification, and age of the Atri pipes. The range of texturally diverse geologic units within the Atri pipes suggests a complex emplacement history, with variations in eruption energy and source magmas identified. The steep-sided pipes were infilled by multiple phases of primary pyroclastic material as well as variably coherent material now locally preserved along the pipe margins. Atri North postdates Atri South and displays a marked change in both the locus and style of volcanic activity. Comparison between the Saptarshi intrusions and the Majhgawan and Hinota diamondiferous pipes (the only other known diamondiferous deposits on the craton) reveals similarities in the marginal cratonic setting, petrogenesis, and age of emplacement. The classification of the Atri pipes within the traditional kimberlite-orangeite-lamproite scheme is not possible due to conflicting discrimination evidence. The magmatic mineral assemblage of the Atri pipes (olivine, phlogopite, apatite, spinel, rutile/anatase, and ilmenite) is not diagnostic. The expanded dataset of phlogopite mineral chemistry has both lamproite and orangeite affinities, while the Sr and Nd systematics of the pyroclasts (87Sr/86Sr 0.7038–0.7048, εNd +1.6 to –1.8) are more consistent with archetypal kimberlites. Many of these characteristics are similar to those of the nearby Majhgawan and Hinota pipes. Consequently, these pipes are best classified as members of the alternative metasomatized lithospheric mantle magma group. Rb-Sr dating of phlogopite indicates a pipe emplacement age of 1079 (± 6) Ma, similar to published phlogopite ages from Majhgawan (1067–1084 Ma, recalculated).
Kinderbescherming over de grens
Authors: Vink Caroline 
Published: February 2020

Child protection across the border. Lessons for the Netherlands and learning from Denmark?
In view of the recent problems arising from the decentralization of the Dutch youth care system, this article examines whether the Netherlands could learn from decentralization experiences in other countries. The author focuses on Denmark, where such decentralization took place fairly recently. In addition, elements of the organization of youth care in Germany and Norway are also discussed. It becomes clear that the Netherlands has a relatively complex system with many different organizations with overlapping tasks and powers. In the Netherlands, much attention is paid to control and risk management. In Denmark, on the other hand, there is much more confidence in the capacities of parents and children to find solutions. It is noticeable that in the vast majority of cases there is consensus between parents, child/youngster and care providers about how to deal with the problems. The most important lesson that the Netherlands can learn from abroad – and especially the Danes – is: invest in underlying values and principles and give professionals and families time, support and space.
Gezinsgericht werken in de gesloten residentiële jeugdhulp
Authors: Broekhoven Linde , Simons Inge , van Santvoort Floor 
Published: February 2020

Family-oriented working in locked residential youth care
The importance of family-centered care in residential youth care is widely recognized in research, as well as in practice and policies. Involving parents in residential treatment is frequently associated with positive outcomes. However, applying a family-centered vision in the practice of residential youth care remains challenging. A program for family-centered care is developed by the Academic Workplace for Risk Youth (AWRJ). The program emphasizes the importance of involving parents from the start of the placement. Parents should be informed about family activities in the institution. Professionals treat parents as ‘experts’ concerning their child and involve them in decisions. Furthermore, parents are asked about their needs and supported for participation. Another important part of the program is the possibility to start systemic therapy during placement and continuing the therapy when the youth returns home. This article also discusses how to overcome barriers in involving parents and how this program can be implemented successfully.
Adaptação transcultural do instrumento para exame do pé diabético em 3 minutos
Authors: Baldassaris Maria Luiza Rennó Moreira , Martínez Beatriz Bertolaccini 
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O “How to do a 3-minute diabetic foot exam”, elaborado por Armstrong et al foi projetado para fornecer aos profissionais de saúde uma forma aprofundada, resumida e facilmente aplicável para avaliar os pés do paciente diabético na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Objetivo: Traduzir para a língua portuguesa, adaptar ao contexto cultural brasileiro e testar as propriedades de medidas deste instrumento. Métodos: Seguindo orientação padrão da literatura, o instrumento foi traduzido para o português, adaptado culturalmente e testado em relação à reprodutibilidade, validade de face, conteúdo e construto. Nas etapas de adaptação cultural e validação foram entrevistados 30 profissionais de saúde e 60 pacientes, respectivamente. Resultados: O instrumento foi adaptado ao contexto linguístico e cultural da população mantendo todas as características essenciais do instrumento original em Inglês e sendo preservadas as equivalências idiomática, semântica, conceitual e cultural. Todos os itens do instrumento apresentaram concordância calculado pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) > 0,9. O α de Cronbach foi de 0,67. O Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse interobservador foi de 0,73 (IC95%:0,58-0,85) e intraobservador foi de 0,65 (IC95%: 0,45-0,81), demostrando uma reprodutibilidade satisfatória. O instrumento e o teste do monofilamento apresentaram correlação positiva com significância estatística (ρ = 0,41; p <0,01). Conclusão: Este trabalho traduziu para a língua portuguesa, adaptou ao contexto cultural brasileiro e testou as propriedades de medidas do instrumento americano: “How to do a 3-minute diabetic foot exam”.
Transparent Listening: Soundscape Composition’s Objects of Study
Authors: Akiyama Mitchell 
Published: February 2020

Sous l’impulsion du Canadien R. Murray Schafer et du World Soundscape Project basé à Vancouver, l’éclosion de la composition de paysage sonore au début des années 1970 a clairement annoncé qu’un vent nouveau soufflait sur les différentes façons d’utiliser le son enregistré. Les premiers compositeurs qui se servaient de sons bruts pour leurs créations l’avaient fait en se donnant pour la plupart beaucoup de peine pour camoufler leurs sources. La création de paysage sonore mettait quant à elle l’accent sur la qualité représentative du son enregistré et ses praticiens sont partis du principe que leurs enregistrements établissaient des liens essentiels, indiciels, avec les lieux qu’ils captaient et s’appropriaient. Si la forme qu’ils empruntent est clairement d’ordre esthétique, elle est aussi l’héritière d’une longue tradition dans laquelle les techniques de représentation organisent le monde par le biais de la juxtaposition et de la comparaison. Les paysagistes sonores ont systématiquement archivé les sons prélevés dans des lieux déterminés en les présentant dans leurs travaux comme des quantités distinctes et comparables. De même, la « vue », apparue aux débuts de la photographie, s’est réclamée d’un régime de représentation tourné vers la science qui tentait de classifier le monde tout en l’esthétisant. C’est précisément ce double appel à la puissance esthétique et à la rationalité scientifique qui a permis à la composition de paysage sonore de s’affirmer à la fois comme forme de production artistique et comme instrument d’éducation et d’activisme environnemental.
John Sanderson, Alexis de Tocqueville et Jules Janin
Authors: Campangne Hervé-Thomas 
Published: February 2020

En juin 1835, l’écrivain américain John Sanderson partit pour la France, où il séjourna jusqu’en mai 1836. Rentré à Philadelphie, il publia un livre intitulé Sketches of Paris: In Familiar Letters to His Friends by an American Gentleman. L’ouvrage fut accueilli avec beaucoup d’enthousiasme des deux côtés de l’Atlantique : imprimé à Philadelphie en 1838, il fut également édité à Londres la même année sous le titre The American in Paris. Le romancier Jules Janin donna quelques années plus tard une adaptation française de ce livre à succès. En étudiant les Sketches of Paris, nous avons voulu montrer de quelles manières le point de vue de Sanderson se définit comme celui d’un auteur qui incarne la démocratie américaine telle que la décrit Alexis de Tocqueville dans son célèbre ouvrage publié en 1835 et 1840. Car l’égalité des conditions, la décentralisation, la participation de tous à la vie politique, la mobilité sociale, la séparation des pouvoirs, l’influence du commerce et de l’industrie constituent le prisme au travers duquel le voyageur américain observe et tente de comprendre la société française des années 1830. La seconde partie de notre analyse porte sur l’adaptation française des Sketches donnée par Jules Janin dans Un hiver à Paris (1843), puis dans L’été à Paris (1844). Adaptation très libre et non traduction, contrairement à ce que Janin voudrait faire croire à ses lecteurs, puisque le texte de Sanderson subit d’étonnantes métamorphoses sous la plume de l’écrivain français. Au point de vue très critique de l’auteur des Sketches, Janin substitue celui d’un enthousiaste « Yankee », d’un « La Bruyère américain » tout acquis à la grandeur de la monarchie de Juillet et aux charmes de la culture française. Autour de la rédaction et de la fortune des Sketches of Paris se profile un transfert culturel, littéraire et politique inattendu : afin de montrer que la monarchie de Juillet constitue l’aboutissement triomphal de toute l’histoire de France, un écrivain français – qui sera élu à l’Académie française au fauteuil de Sainte-Beuve en 1870 – s’approprie l’oeuvre d’un auteur américain qui dépeint la société française à l’aune des principes de la jeune démocratie américaine.
Promoting Energy Efficiency via a Self‐Adaptive Evaporative Cooling Hydrogel
Authors: Pu Shirui , Fu Jia , Liao Yutian , Ge Lurong , Zhou Yihao , Zhang Songlin , Zhao Shenlong , Liu Xiaowei , Hu Xuejiao , Liu Kang , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh temperature brings adverse impacts on the energy efficiency, and even destroys a semiconductor device. Here, a novel and cost‐effective strategy is proposed to boost the energy efficiency of semiconductor devices by using the self‐adaptive evaporative cooling of a lithium‐ and bromine‐enriched polyacrylamide hydrogel. Water inside the hydrogel can quickly evaporate to dissipate the waste heat generated by the nugatory carrier transport in the P‐N junction. In dormancy, the hydrogel harvests water molecules from the surrounding air to regenerate itself. The hydrogel is demonstrated to low down the operating temperature of a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell by 17 °C under one sun condition and enhances its efficiency from 14.5% to 15.5%. It is also capable of increasing the maximum power of a simulated chip by 45% at a fixed operating temperature. The hydrogel is expected to be widely adopted in current semiconductor industry to improve its energy efficiency.
Beyond Ternary OPV: High‐Throughput Experimentation and Self‐Driving Laboratories Optimize Multicomponent Systems
Authors: Langner Stefan , Häse Florian , Perea José Darío , Stubhan Tobias , Hauch Jens , Roch Loïc M. , Heumueller Thomas , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFundamental advances to increase the efficiency as well as stability of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are achieved by designing ternary blends, which represents a clear trend toward multicomponent active layer blends. The development of high‐throughput and autonomous experimentation methods is reported for the effective optimization of multicomponent polymer blends for OPVs. A method for automated film formation enabling the fabrication of up to 6048 films per day is introduced. Equipping this automated experimentation platform with a Bayesian optimization, a self‐driving laboratory is constructed that autonomously evaluates measurements to design and execute the next experiments. To demonstrate the potential of these methods, a 4D parameter space of quaternary OPV blends is mapped and optimized for photostability. While with conventional approaches, roughly 100 mg of material would be necessary, the robot‐based platform can screen 2000 combinations with less than 10 mg, and machine‐learning‐enabled autonomous experimentation identifies stable compositions with less than 1 mg.
Recent Progress in Chemiresistive Gas Sensing Technology Based on Molybdenum and Tungsten Chalcogenide Nanostructures
Authors: Jha Ravindra Kumar , Bhat Navakanta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChalcogens are oxygen family elements with oxygen having distinct properties than the other group members like sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. Tungsten and molybdenum chalcogenides that include mainly metal oxides (MO3; M = Mo, and W) and metal dichalcogenides (MX2; X = S, Se, and Te) are the most exciting class of inorganic materials. They have been widely investigated in various applications including lithium and sodium ion storage, supercapacitors, gas sensors, biosensors etc. due to their fascinating surface properties and ease of fabrication. Different class of nanostructures including 0D (nanoparticles, quantum dots), 1D (nanowires, nanotubes, nanoribbons, nanobelts etc.), and 2D (nanosheets, nanoflakes, nanoplates etc.) structures of these materials have been synthesized, characterized, and utilized for these applications. With recent boost in layered material research, they are also being reconsidered for future device and systems applications. In this review article, the recent developments on the chemiresistive gas sensing applications of these nanomaterials are discussed. The authors also outline the efforts which have been made over the years to improve the sensing behavior of these materials. Finally, the authors present future opportunities in realizing high‐performance gas sensors using these materials.
Recent Advances in Polymer Electrolytes for Zinc Ion Batteries: Mechanisms, Properties, and Perspectives
Authors: Wu Kai , Huang Jianhang , Yi Jin , Liu Xiaoyu , Liu Yuyu , Wang Yonggang , Zhang Jiujun , Xia Yongyao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have been deemed to be possible candidates for large‐scale energy storage due to their ecoefficiency, substantial reserve, safety, and low cost. However, the challenges inherent in aqueous electrolytes, such as water splitting reactions, water evaporation, and liquid leakage, have greatly hindered their development in energy storage. Fortunately, polymer electrolytes would be able to overcome the abovementioned challenges. Moreover, the flexible properties of polymer electrolytes can facilitate their future application in wearable electronics. Recently, increasing attention has been attracted to the polymer electrolyte‐based zinc ion batteries. However, the development of polymer electrolytes for ZIBs is still in the early stages due to numerous challenges. Therefore, substantial research effort is required to overcome the challenges of polymer electrolyte‐based ZIBs. In this review, the current progress in developing polymer electrolytes, including solid polymer electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes, and hybrid polymer electrolytes, as well as the interactions between electrodes and polymer electrolytes for ZIBs is comprehensively reviewed, analyzed, and discussed in terms of their synthesis, characterization, and performance validation. To facilitate further research and development of polymer electrolytes for ZIBs, the relevant challenges are summarized and analyzed, and some underlying approaches to overcome these challenges are also proposed.
Development of the human heart
Authors: Buijtendijk Marieke F.J. , Barnett Phil , van den Hoff Maurice J.B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn 2014, an extensive review discussing the major steps of cardiac development focusing on growth, formation of primary and chamber myocardium and the development of the cardiac electrical system, was published. Molecular genetic lineage analyses have since furthered our insight in the developmental origin of the various component parts of the heart, which currently can be unambiguously identified by their unique molecular phenotype. Moreover, genetic, molecular and cell biological analyses have driven insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of the different cardiac components. Here, we build on our previous review and provide an insight into the molecular mechanistic revelations that have forwarded the field of cardiac development. Despite the enormous advances in our knowledge over the last decade, the development of congenital cardiac malformations remains poorly understood. The challenge for the next decade will be to evaluate the different developmental processes using newly developed molecular genetic techniques to further unveil the gene regulatory networks operational during normal and abnormal cardiac development.
Friedel−Crafts‐Type Allylation of Phenol Derivatives Catalyzed by In Situ‐Generated Silyl Cyanometallates
Authors: Yurino Taiga , Ece Hamdiye , Ohkuma Takeshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe successfully demonstrated that Friedel−Crafts‐type allylation of phenol derivatives and allylic phosphates is catalyzed by the AgTFA/trimethylsilyl cyanide (Me3SiCN) and Pd(OAc)2/Me3SiCN combined systems to afford the C‐allylated product in a highly regioselective manner. The corresponding silyl cyanometallates generated in situ are proposed to be the active catalytic species. Lewis acidity of the reversibly formed ion pairs is appropriately regulated for this reaction. The para‐allylated anisole and phenol derivatives are selectively obtained. The para‐substituted ones are converted to the ortho‐allylated products. The reactivity of the catalytic systems is strongly dependent on the electronic nature of both electrophile and nucleophile. Substitution of an aromatic ring on the allylic phosphate is essential for the reaction. Thus, the competitive reaction of a 1 : 1 mixture of cinnamyl and simple allyl phosphates affords only the cinnamyl‐substituted product.
Non‐Enzymatic Hybrid Catalysis for Stereoconversion of l‐Amino Acid Derivatives to d‐Isomers
Authors: Nagato Yuya , Kiyokawa Mari , Ueki Yusuke , Kikuchi Jun , Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Terada Masahiro , Ooi Takashi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA catalytic transformation of N‐unprotected l‐amino esters to N‐protected d‐amino esters was developed. The combined use of a heteroaromatic aldehyde, Lewis acid, palladium complex, and chiral Brønsted acid was a key factor for the successful operation of this catalytic system. The synergistic cooperation of an appropriate aldehyde and Lewis acid was crucial for promoting an efficient racemization of l‐amino esters, while the combination of a palladium complex and chiral phosphoric acid enabled dynamic kinetic resolution through asymmetric N‐allylation, providing N‐protected d‐amino esters in good yields with up to 97 : 3 er. Following appropriate deprotection processes, d‐amino acids were obtained without loss of enantiomeric purity.