bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of processing methods and oral mastication on the carotenoid bioaccessibility of restructured carrot chips
Authors: Yi Jianyong , Zhao Yuanyuan , Bi Jinfeng , Hou Chunhui , Peng Jian , Guo Yuxia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarrot carotenoids are typically located in chromoplasts, forming a crystalline substructure. Cell walls and chromoplasts therefore constitute two major physical barriers to the release of carotenoids from the food matrix during digestion. The release of carotenoids from these physical barriers is supposed to be substantially affected by mechanical factors during food processing and oral mastication. Given the implications of this, the effects of four different processing procedures, and various mastication levels, on the carotenoid bioaccessibility of carrot chips were evaluated.RESULTSRestructuring and drying methods substantially affected the carotenoid bioaccessibility of carrot chips. The highest carotenoid bioaccessibility was obtained for the air‐dried combined with instant pressure‐drop‐dried (AD‐DIC) restructured chips. Although the fresh carrots possessed the highest carotenoid content, their bioaccessibility was lower than that of the carrot chips. The evolution of the particle sizes of the samples was responsible for the changes in carotenoid bioaccessibility due to oral masitication. The particle size of the fresh carrots decreased with increasing oral masitication, which favored carotenoid bioaccessibilty. However, the restructured chips that combined freeze drying with instant pressure‐drop drying (R‐FD‐DIC) demonstrated the opposite trend, probably caused by the severe aggregation of the sample during digestion, which compromised the effect of mastication on the release of carotenoid.CONCLUSIONData regarding the effects of the drying process and oral mastication digestion behavior on the samples suggested that AD‐DIC‐dried restructured carrot chips are effective in enhancing carotenoid bioaccessibility, which explains the key factors involved in the release of carotenoids from carrot chips prepared by different processes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Elevated CO2, temperature and nitrogen levels impact growth and development of invasive weeds in the Mediterranean region
Authors: Jabran Khawar , Doğan Mehmet N 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDInvasive plant species present a serious threat to the environment, as well as human and animal health. An interaction may exist between the climatic changes and invasive plant species. In this 2‐year study, we investigated the effects of warming, CO2 and nitrogen application on the biomass, growth and leaf tissue nitrogen concentration of three invasive weed species. Treatments were: (i) simulated (elevated) CO2 (approximately 800–900 ppm); (ii) warming or high temperature (day/night 25/15 °C); (iii) simulated (elevated) CO2 combined with high temperature (CO2 = approximately 800–900 ppm; temperature day/night 25/15 °C); and (iv) control conditions (CO2 = approximately 400–450 ppm; temperature day/night 20/10 °C). The doses of nitrogen were: (i) 0 kg ha−1 (control; low); (ii) 60 kg ha−1 (medium); and (iii) 120 kg ha−1 (high).RESULTSElevated CO2 and elevated CO2 combined with high temperature improved biomass and the growth of the tested invasive weed species: Lactuca serriola L., Hordeum murinum L. and Bromus tectorum L. Nitrogen application had little effect on grasses, whereas the broadleaved weed mostly had a positive response to nitrogen application. Invasive weed species were generally negatively or neutrally affected by warming.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study demonstrate that nitrogen fertilization under different climatic conditions improved few of the parameters, whereas elevated CO2 promoted most of the growth parameters of invasive weeds. Overall, is it concluded that these weeds will be more invasive under climate change conditions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Management of patients with ovarian cancer in the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Bogani Giorgio , Casarin Jvan , Pinelli Ciro , Di Donato Violante , Bosio Sara , Ruisi Simona , Brusadelli Claudia , Guerrisi Rocco , Sarpietro Giuseppe , Ditto Antonino , Ghezzi Fabio , Raspagliesi Francesco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAt the beginning of 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) spreads worldwide. Patients with ovarian cancer should be considered at high‐risk of developing severe morbidity related to COVID‐19. Most of them are diagnosed in advanced stages of disease, and they are fragile. Here, we evaluated the major impact of COVID‐19 on patients with ovarian cancer, discussing the effect of the outbreak on medical and surgical treatment.
Exploring tourists' experience at private social dining: Dimensionality and satisfaction
Authors: Qian Jianwei , Law Rob , Fan Daisy X. F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrivate social dining is a new form of service emerging in culinary tourism. Although its popularity has been increasing worldwide, studies on private social dining, especially its influence on tourism, are limited. The present work aims to explore tourists' experiences using private social dining as a context by constructing the dimensions for tourist experience. A qualitative research method is utilized to analyze reviews from top service providers in three popular destinations. Results confirm seven dimensions of the three types of experience existing in tourists' private social dining experiences, which affect tourist satisfaction. These results lay the foundation for future studies.
Sulforaphane Inhibits Autophagy and Induces Exosome‐Mediated Paracrine Senescence via Regulating mTOR/TFE3
Authors: Zheng Kai , Ma Jingxin , Wang Yifei , He Zhendan , Deng Kejun 
Published: June 2020

ScopeThe development of novel compounds that trigger non‐apoptotic cell death may represent alternative therapeutic strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treatment. Cellular senescence suppresses tumorigenesis by halting the proliferation of tumor cells, implying the induction of senescence as a promising anticancer strategy, especially when combined with senolytic agents that specially kill senescent cells. This study is designed to screen novel anti‐ESCC compounds from a natural product resource and identify its mechanism‐of‐action.Methods and ResultsIdentified are the significant anti‐cancer effect and underlying mechanism of SFN, an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, through RNA sequencing, western blot, and immunofluorescent assays. It is found that SFN inhibits proliferation of ESCC cells through inducing senescence. Mechanistically, SFN induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) via disrupting the balance between glutathione and oxidized glutathione, leading to DNA damage. In addition, ROS deregulates autophagy and promotes lysosome abnormal biogenesis through regulating mTOR/TFE3 axis. Finally, the inhibited autophagic flux facilitates exosome production, resulting in exosome‐mediated paracrine senescence.ConclusionsThis study suggests the important roles of autophagy and exosome‐mediated paracrine senescence in cancer therapy and highlights SFN as a potent anti‐ESCC drug candidate.
Multi‐parametric artificial neural network fitting of phase‐cycled balanced steady‐state free precession data
Authors: Heule Rahel , Bause Jonas , Pusterla Orso , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: June 2020

PurposeStandard relaxation time quantification using phase‐cycled balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP), eg, motion‐insensitive rapid configuration relaxometry (MIRACLE), is subject to a considerable underestimation of tissue T1 and T2 due to asymmetric intra‐voxel frequency distributions. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) fitting approach is proposed to simultaneously extract accurate reference relaxation times (T1, T2) and robust field map estimates (

, ΔB0) from the bSSFP profile.MethodsWhole‐brain bSSFP data acquired at 3T were used for the training of a feedforward ANN with N = 12, 6, and 4 phase‐cycles. The magnitude and phase of the Fourier transformed complex bSSFP frequency response served as input and the multi‐parametric reference set [T1, T2,

, ∆B0] as target. The ANN predicted relaxation times were validated against the target and MIRACLE.ResultsThe ANN prediction of T1 and T2 for trained and untrained data agreed well with the reference, even for only four acquired phase‐cycles. In contrast, relaxometry based on 4‐point MIRACLE was prone to severe off‐resonance‐related artifacts. ANN predicted

and ∆B0 maps showed the expected spatial inhomogeneity patterns in high agreement with the reference measurements for 12‐point, 6‐point, and 4‐point bSSFP phase‐cycling schemes.ConclusionANNs show promise to provide accurate brain tissue T1 and T2 values as well as reliable field map estimates. Moreover, the bSSFP acquisition can be accelerated by reducing the number of phase‐cycles while still delivering robust T1, T2,

, and ∆B0 estimates.
Für Biopharma und Life Sciences
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnfang des Jahres schätzten die Hersteller von Labor‐ und Analysengeräten ihre Geschäftslage optimistisch ein. Heute sind es noch diejenigen, die PCR‐ und Sequenziermaschinen sowie das Zubehör dafür herstellen.
Transaktionen: Corona bremst das Fusionskarussel
Authors: Schneider Bernd 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDas Jahr 2019 war weltweit geprägt von weniger Zusammenschlüssen und Akquisitionen im Chemiemarkt als im Jahr zuvor. Im ersten Quartal des laufenden Jahres kündigten noch weniger Unternehmen Deals an.
Medication‐related incidents at 19 hospitals: A retrospective register study using incident reports
Authors: Cottell Maria , Wätterbjörk Inger , Hälleberg Nyman Maria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo examine (a) when medication incidents occur and which type is most frequent; (b) consequences for patients; (c) incident reporters’ perceptions of causes; and (d) professional categories reporting the incidents.DesignA descriptive multicentre register study.MethodsThis study included 775 medication incident reports from 19 Swedish hospitals during 2016–2017. From the 775 reports, 128 were chosen to establish the third aim. Incidents were classified and analysed statistically. Perceived causes of incidents were analysed using content analysis.ResultsIncidents occurred as often in prescribing as in administering. Wrong dose was the most common error, followed by missed dose and lack of prescription. Most incidents did not harm the patients. Errors in administering reached the patients more often than errors in prescribing. The most frequently perceived causes were shortcomings in knowledge, skills and abilities, followed by workload. Most medication incidents were reported by nurses.
Histological 3D reconstruction and in vivo lineage tracing of the human endometrium
Authors: Tempest Nicola , Jansen Marnix , Baker Ann‐Marie , Hill Christopher J. , Hale Mike , Magee Derek , Treanor Darren , Wright Nicholas A. , Hapangama Dharani K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRegular menstrual shedding and repair of the endometrial functionalis is unique to humans and higher‐order primates. The current consensus postulates endometrial glands to have a single‐tubular architecture, where multi‐potential stem cells reside in the blind‐ending glandular‐bases. Utilising fixed samples from patients, we have studied the three‐dimensional (3D) micro‐architecture of the human endometrium. We demonstrate that some non‐branching, single, vertical functionalis glands originate from a complex horizontally interconnecting network of basalis glands. The existence of a multipotent endometrial epithelial stem cell capable of regenerating the entire complement of glandular lineages was demonstrated by in vivo lineage tracing, using naturally occurring somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations as clonal markers. Vertical tracking of mutated clones showed that at least one stem‐cell population resides in the basalis glands. These novel findings provide insight into the efficient and scar‐less regenerative potential of the human endometrium. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Evaluating the impact of functional groups on membrane‐mediated CO2/N2 gas separations using a common polymer backbone
Authors: Higgins Morgan A. , Maroon Christopher R. , Townsend Jacob , Wang Xinyi , Vogiatzis Konstantinos D. , Long Brian K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolymeric membranes have shown tremendous promise for the separation of CO2 from flue gas streams. However, few systematic studies have been conducted to better understand the impact that chemical functionalities have on membrane‐based gas separation performance. To address this gap, we herein describe the synthesis and gas separation performance of a series of vinyl‐addition polynorbornenes bearing various CO2‐philic functional groups. To facilitate direct comparison between functional groups, each material was designed to maintain a common polymer backbone. Though the incorporation of CO2‐philic moieties within a dense polymeric membrane is frequently hypothesized to enhance CO2 solubility, and thereby increase CO2/N2 selectivity, our results demonstrate that the incorporation of CO2‐philic groups onto a common polymer backbone do not necessarily result in increased gas separation performance. Experimental and computational results demonstrate that the incorporation of amidoxime groups onto a polynorbornene backbone increase CO2/N2 selectivity, whereas commonly employed ethereal side chains only increased permeability.
Efficiency of self‐assembled etoricoxib containing polyelectrolyte complex stabilized cubic nanoparticles against human cancer cells
Authors: Malviya Rishabha , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Dubey Susheel Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the present research was to formulate chitosan‐kheri gum polyelectrolyte complex (CKGPEC) stabilized etoricoxib containing cubic nanoparticles and evaluate against various human cancer cell lines.MethodsThe novel solvent‐antisolvent method was utilized for the fabrication of nanoparticles using CKGPEC as a stabilizer. 32 factorial designs were applied to investigate the effect of concentration of chitosan (Ch) and kheri gum (KG) over entrapment efficiency and size of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were characterized and evaluated against the human breast cancer cell line (MCF7), human colon cancer cell line (HT‐29), and human skin cancer cell lines (SK‐MEL‐2).ResultsIt was observed that the concentration of Ch and KG significantly affects the entrapment efficiency and size of nanoparticles. The entrapment efficiency of nanoparticles was found in the range of 70.21 ± 0.42% (K4) to 82.77 ± 0.29% (K6) while the size was observed 79.3 nm (K5) to 490.1 nm (K1). SEM clearly showed the cubic shape of nanoparticles. All the formulations followed Baker‐Lonsdale kinetic model of drug release. The utilization of the egg membrane and tomato membrane as a biological barrier was not altering the release kinetics of the drug. Prepared nanoparticles were found to be effective against various human cancer cells but the better effect was observed against SK‐MEL‐2 cells than MCF‐7 cells, followed by HT‐29 cell in in vitro conditions.DiscussionTaken together, it can be concluded that Ch‐KG PEC stabilized nanoparticles were successfully formulated and could be utilized against various human cancer. In future clinical studies could be performed for the exact determination of therapeutic potential.
Quizalofop‐p‐ethyl resistance in Polypogon fugax involves glutathione S‐transferases
Authors: Chen Wen , Wu Lamei , Wang Junzhi , Yu Qin , Bai Lianyang , Pan Lang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAsia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) is one of the main weeds invading Chinese canola fields. The P. fugax resistant population SC‐R, which survived quizalofop‐p‐ethyl at the field‐recommended rate (67.5 g ha−1), was collected from a canola field in Qingsheng County in China. The present study aimed to (1) characterize the SC‐R resistance pattern to acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides, and (2) investigate the mechanism of quizalofop‐p‐ethyl resistance in this population.ResultsDose–response studies showed that resistance to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl and haloxyfop occurred in the SC‐R population. Four transcripts/genes encoding the plastidic ACCase carboxyl‐transferase domain were isolated from the P. fugax plants. No mutations in the four ACCase genes were detected in the SC‐R population compared to the SC‐S population. Pre‐treatment with the known glutathione S‐transferase (GST) inhibitor 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBDCl), reversed resistance to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl and partially reversed resistance to haloxyfop‐R‐methyl in the resistant population (SC‐R). However, the cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion did not reverse the resistance. There was no difference in basal GST activity (using CDNB as a substrate), but there was higher inducible GST activity in SC‐R relative to SC‐S. Two GST genes, GST2c and GSTL3, were constitutively overexpressed in the resistant SC‐R population.ConclusionThis study confirmed that resistance to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl in the resistant P. fugax population is likely nontarget‐site based involving GST, and this resistance mechanism also partially confers haloxyfop‐R‐methyl resistance. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Impurity profiling of alfentanil hydrochloride by liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight high‐resolution mass spectrometric techniques for drug enforcement
Authors: Wang Ye , Xu Lei , Lu Yu‐ting , Sun Fan‐mei , Wu Dong‐feng , Wang Jing‐qi , Di Bin , Xu Hui , Hang Tai‐jun , Song Min 
Published: June 2020

RationaleFentanyl and its analogues play important roles in the hospital and clinic setting as anesthetics. However, illicitly manufactured fentanyl as well as the new psychoactive substances (NPS) account for 30% of all deaths in the United States. Since fentanyl derivatives and NPS are designed to produce similar effects, their related substances are similar or even have the same active groups. A comprehensive analysis of the related substances of alfentanil hydrochloride can provide a basis for the identification and supervision of fentanyl derivatives and NPS.MethodsA liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC/QTOF‐MS/MS) method was developed for the separation and characterization of related substances in alfentanil hydrochloride. Degradation studies were conducted according to the ICH‐prescribed stress conditions. The compounds were identified mainly through positive electrospray ionization QTOF high‐resolution mass spectrometric measurements of the accurate masses of the precursor and product ions and their calculated elemental compositions. Their formation mechanisms were also discussed.ResultsSeventeen related substances were detected in alfentanil hydrochloride and its stressed samples. Among them, nine were process‐related substances and the other eight were degradation products. The stress study results demonstrated that alfentanil hydrochloride was unstable under acid, alkaline, and oxidative stress conditions, while relatively stable under dry photolytic and thermal stress conditions. Alfentanil hydrochloride was most susceptible for degradation at the N‐phenylpropanamide and piperidine sites.ConclusionsProcess‐related alfentanil hydrochloride compounds are useful for determination of synthetic routes and entangling of fentanyl analogues. The stress study results can provide a sound scientific basis for the waste water monitoring of alfentanil. These results are important for routine quality control in the manufacturing and storage of alfentanil hydrochloride, as well as for drug enforcement of fentanyl and its analogues.
Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis are not dependent on p53 prior to p53-dependent embryonic stem cell differentiation
Authors: Jaiswal Sushil K. , Oh John J. , DePamphilis Melvin L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrevious efforts to determine whether or not the transcription factor and tumor suppressor protein p53 is required for DNA damage-induced apoptosis in pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) produced contradictory conclusions. To resolve this issue, p53+/+ and p53−/− ESCs derived by two different methods were used to quantify time-dependent changes in nuclear DNA content; annexin-V binding; cell permeabilization; and protein expression, modification, and localization. The results revealed that doxorubicin (Adriamycin [ADR]) concentrations 10 to 40 times less than commonly used in previous studies induced the DNA damage-dependent G2-checkpoint and completed apoptosis within the same time frame, regardless of the presence or absence of p53, p21, and PUMA. Increased ADR concentrations delayed initiation of apoptosis in p53−/− ESCs, but the rates of apoptosis remained equivalent. Similar results were obtained by inducing apoptosis with either staurosporine inhibition of kinase activities or WX8 disruption of lysosome homeostasis. Differentiation of ESCs by LIF deprivation revealed p53-dependent formation of haploid cells, increased genomic stability, and suppression of the G2-checkpoint. Minimal induction of DNA damage now resulted in p53-facilitated apoptosis, but regulation of pluripotent gene expression remained p53-independent. Primary embryonic fibroblasts underwent p53-dependent total cell cycle arrest (a prelude to cell senescence), and p53-independent apoptosis occurred in the presence of 10-fold higher levels of ADR, consistent with previous studies. Taken together, these results reveal that the multiple roles of p53 in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis are first acquired during pluripotent stem cell differentiation.
l‐Carnitine protects against 1,4‐benzoquinone‐induced apoptosis and DNA damage by suppressing oxidative stress and promoting fatty acid oxidation in K562 cells
Authors: Sun Rongli , Man Zhaodi , Ji Jiahui , Ji Shuangbin , Xu Kai , Pu Yunqiu , Yu Linling , Zhang Juan , Yin Lihong , Pu Yuepu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWidespread occupational and environmental exposure to benzene is unavoidable and poses a public health threat. Studies of potential interventions to prevent or relieve benzene toxicity are, thus, essential. Research has shown l‐carnitine (LC) has beneficial effects against various pathological processes and diseases. LC possesses antioxidant activities and participates in fatty acid oxidation (FAO). In this study, we investigated whether 1,4‐benzoquinone (1,4‐BQ) affects LC levels and the FAO pathway, as well as analyzed the influence of LC on the cytotoxic effects of 1,4‐BQ. We found that 1,4‐BQ significantly decreased LC levels and downregulated Cpt1a, Cpt2, Crat, Hadha, Acaa2, and Acadvl mRNA expression in K562 cells. Subsequent assays confirmed that 1,4‐BQ decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis and caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 activities. It also induced obvious oxidative stress and DNA damage, including an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, tail DNA%, and olive tail moment. Additionally, the mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly reduced. Cotreatment with LC (500 μmol/L) relieved these alterations by reducing oxidative stress and increasing the protein expression levels of Cpt1a and Hadha, particularly in the 20 μmol/L 1,4‐BQ group. Thus, our results demonstrate that 1,4‐BQ causes cytotoxicity, reduces LC levels, and downregulates the FAO genes. In contrast, LC exhibits protective effects against 1,4‐BQ‐induced apoptosis and DNA damage by decreasing oxidative stress and promoting the FAO pathway.