bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review on the skin whitening products and their ingredients for safety, health risk, and the halal status
Authors: Nordin Fatin N. M. , Aziz Atiqah , Zakaria Zalina , Wan Mohamed Radzi Che Wan Jasimah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin‐whitening products are in the high trend of demand for skin beautifying and lightening. Sources of ingredients for cosmetics could be natural, semi‐synthetic, and synthetic that may affect the halal status of a product. The lack of scientific evidence on the safety and risks of such ingredients is a major concern to many consumers.ObjectiveThis review paper aimed to shed light on the skin‐whitening ingredients and their issues related to safety, health risk, and halal status.MethodologyBased on the reviews scientific publications published from January 2015 to July 2020 using Web of Science and Scopus engines.FindingsBased on the review, most of the common ingredients in the skin‐whitening products are originated from plants, animals, microbes, and heavy metals. Health risk of the ingredients was evaluated based on the usage, chronic or acute adverse effect, frequency of incidence, and the hazardous chemical contents of a halal cosmetics. The halal status of the ingredients was investigated based on the sources of origin, safety evaluation, and associated health risk of the ingredients.OriginalityThis review shows that ingredients play a vital role in the halal status decision‐making of a cosmetic product. Therefore, the categories of Halal‐Safe, Haram‐Prohibited, and Critical‐Need further evaluation were suggested to integrate the sources of ingredients with safety.
Inner myometrial laceration: Case report and literature review
Authors: Zakaria Zahar Azuar , Mohammad Razin Nur Syazwani , Abas Sakinah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInner myometrial laceration is a rarely encountered intrapartum uterine trauma, which usually present as post‐partum hemorrhage (PPH). The diagnosis can only be confirmed by direct examination of the uterine cavity but it should be suspected in PPH with good uterine contraction. Discussed here are the characteristics and management of the reported cases including two women managed at our center.
Perineural and lymphovascular invasion in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Barrett Andrew W. , Pratt Murray K. , Sassoon Isabel , Bisase Brian S. , Newman Laurence , Tighe John V. , Norris Paul M. , Dhanda Jag , Gulati Aakshay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPerineural invasion (PNI) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) may be adverse prognostic indicators in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue.MethodsThe percentages of histological PNI and LVI were determined in 335 patients with tongue SCC. Sixty tumours originally reported as negative for these features were tested to determine how many more were positive with “immunohistochemical enhancement.”ResultsPNI was found in 141 (42.1%) and LVI in 51 (15.2%) patients. 79.4% of the 141 patients who had PNI and 72.6% of the 51 with LVI had a T3 or T4 tumour. Lymph node metastasis was identified in 145 (51.2%) of the 280 patients who had undergone neck dissection; 58.2% of the 141 patients with PNI and 80.4% of the 51 patients with LVI had lymph node metastasis. There was a highly statistically significant correlation between PNI with increasing pT (P < .00001) and pN (P < .0001) stage, and a statistically significant correlation between LVI and pT stage (P < .001), the association of LVI with pN status could not be reliably tested statistically. Immunohistochemistry for S100 identified five further cases of PNI, but review of the original H&E showed the feature was present in four and had been missed at original reporting. CD31 identified three further possible cases of LVI and D2‐40 none. The endothelium of some vascular channels was positive for both CD31 and D2‐40 and cross‐reactivity with other cells compromised interpretation.ConclusionsHistological identification of PNI and LVI per se remains of uncertain prognostic significance. “Immunohistochemical enhancement” offered little benefit.
Full‐Crown Versus Endocrown Approach: A 3D‐Analysis of Both Restorations and the Effect of Ferrule and Restoration Material
Authors: Tribst João Paulo Mendes , Dal Piva Amanda Maria de Oliveira , de Jager Niek , Bottino Marco Antonio , de Kok Paul , Kleverlaan Cornelis Johannes 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess stress distribution in full‐crowns with a composite buildup and endocrowns under axial or oblique loads, both with different ferrules (1 or 2 mm) and ceramic materials (glass ceramic or hybrid ceramic).Materials and MethodsSixteen models were analyzed with finite element analysis. No‐separation contacts were considered between restoration/resin cement and resin cement/tooth. The contact between the fixation cylinder and the root was considered perfectly bonded. The axial load was applied to the occlusal surface and the oblique load was applied to the buccal cusp. The resulting tensile stresses were shown for the crown, the cement layer and the tooth.ResultsAlmost all factors influenced the stress distribution significantly in the crown and the cement layer, as well as the tooth. The only exception was found under oblique loading by the restoration material and the type of crown that were of no significant influence on the stress distribution in the tooth.ConclusionsUnder axial load, the endocrown showed the least tensile stresses in the tooth, but under oblique loads, the full‐crown showed less tensile stresses than the endocrown. With the hybrid ceramic material, lower stresses were found in the crown, but higher stresses were present in the cement layer. The 2 mm ferrule is beneficial for reducing the resulting tensile stresses in all modalities.
Association between paternal age and offspring's under‐5 mortality: Data from 159 surveys in 67 low‐ to middle‐income countries
Authors: Wu Han , Zhao Min , Liang Yajun , Xi Bo 
Published: August 2020

AimTo investigat the association between paternal age at birth and offspring's under‐5 mortality in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LIMCs).MethodsData from 159 population‐based surveys in 67 LIMCs between 2000 and 2018 were obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Cox proportional hazard regression models in consideration of complex survey design were performed to examine the associations.ResultsIn the pooled analysis, compared with children born to fathers aged 25–29 years, those born to younger fathers aged 20–24, 16–19 and 12–15 years, respectively, were at increased risk of under‐5 mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.13; HR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.42–1.55; HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.56–1.84, respectively). In addition, children born to older fathers aged 40–44 and ≥ 45 years, also had increased risk of under‐5 mortality (HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.03–1.15; HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.07–1.18, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings show that children born to both younger and older fathers are at higher risk of offspring's under‐5 mortality in LIMCs.
Bacterial colonisation of the endotracheal tube in ventilated very preterm neonates: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Antoine Jasmine , Inglis Garry D T , Way Mandy , O'Rourke Peter , Davies Mark W 
Published: August 2020

AimTo determine the rate, type and timing of bacterial endotracheal tube (ETT) colonisation in neonates born <32 weeks gestational age (GA); and if bacterial colonisation is associated with chronic lung disease (CLD), septicaemia, length‐of‐stay or mortality.MethodsAll intubated newborns born <32 weeks GA were included. Endotracheal aspirates were routinely obtained three times‐per‐week. Cohort was divided into three colonisation groups: no growth, normal respiratory flora only, significant bacteria. Logistic regression was performed to identify if ETT bacterial colonisation was associated with CLD, septicaemia or mortality. A general linear model was fitted for length‐of‐stay.ResultsETT aspirates were sent from 1054 infants: no growth n = 319, only normal respiratory flora n = 357, and significant bacteria n = 378. ETTs became colonised in 70%, most in the first week of life (82%). Most grew normal respiratory flora (642 infants). In those with significant bacteria, 40% grew Gram‐negative species; Klebsiella in 34%. Staphylococcus aureus grew in 104 patients. Adjusted odds ratios for CLD (43% of cohort) compared with no growth were, for normal respiratory flora, 0.58 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.99) and, for significant bacteria, 0.48 (95% CI 0.24–0.93). With no overall association between colonisation group and CLD in the adjusted model P = 0.07. The odds of septicaemia (10% of cohort) were 4.50 (95% CI 1.98–10.23, P < 0.001) times greater for significant bacteria compared with no growth. No significant associated was found with mortality or length‐of‐stay.ConclusionsBacterial colonisation of ETTs is common. It is associated with more septicaemia. There was no significant association with CLD, longer admission or mortality.
Prevention of occlusion of cEnTral lInes for children with cancer: An implementation study
Authors: Ullman Amanda J , Condon Paula , Edwards Rachel , Gibson Victoria , Takashima Mari , Schults Jessica , Dean Anna , Cattanach Paula , Nicholls Wayne , Osborne Sonya , Rickard Claire M , Cooke Marie , Kleidon Tricia 
Published: August 2020

AimCentral venous access devices (CVADs) are vital medical devices to support the treatment of paediatric cancer; however, device occlusion is common, which disrupts treatment. This study aimed to improve the identification and management of CVAD occlusions in children with cancer, as well as to identify the demographic, clinical and device characteristics associated with increased risk for CVAD occlusion.MethodsA pre–post‐implementation study was conducted at a metropolitan paediatric oncology facility in Australia, using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Patients with a CVAD for anti‐cancer therapy were prospectively followed for occlusive events pre‐ and post‐ the implementation of clinical resources to support the identification and management of CVAD occlusive events. CVAD occlusion and management data were collected and compared pre‐ and post‐implementation. Risk factors for CVAD occlusion were described by mixed‐effects Poisson regression and incident rate ratios (IRR).ResultsA total of 133 CVADs were inserted into 131 patients for a total of 6784 catheter days. The incidence of CVAD‐related occlusion pre‐implementation was 59.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 51.4–69.0, per 1000 catheter days); compared to 31.6 (95% CI 26.4–37.6); P < 0.01) post‐implementation of clinical resources. In multivariate models, other than post‐implementation phases (IRR 0.51 (95% CI 0.32–0.81)), only neutropaenia significantly increased the risk of CVAD occlusion (IRR 2.14 (95% CI 1.15–3.97)).ConclusionCVAD occlusions in paediatric oncology are common. The development and implementation of CVAD occlusion resources to guide the identification and management of occlusive episodes led to a significant decrease in occlusive events.
When should intensive care be provided for the extremely preterm infants born at the margin of viability? A survey of Australasian parents and clinicians
Authors: Tan Alvin H K , Shand Antonia W , Marsney Renate L , Schindler Timothy , Bolisetty Srinivas , Guaran Robert , Cruz Melinda , Chow Sharon S W , Lui Kei 
Published: August 2020

AimThis study aimed to explore clinician and parent opinions of risk limits on resuscitation and intensive care (IC) for extremely premature infants born at the margin of viability.MethodsTwo anonymous on‐line surveys were conducted from August 2016 to January 2017. Survey participants were: (i) clinicians affiliated with neonatal intensive care units in Australia; and (ii) parents or individuals who expressed interest in premature babies through the Facebook page of Miracle Babies Foundation.ResultsA total of 961 responses were received. Among 204 clinicians, 52% were neonatologists, 22% obstetricians, 20% neonatal intensive care unit nurses and 4% were midwives. Among 757 parents, 98% had a premature baby. Only 75% of clinicians responded to the risk limits questions. Median mortality risk above which they would not recommend resuscitation/IC was 70% (interquartile range (IQR) 50–80%); major disability risk in survivors 60% (IQR 50–75%); and composite risk of mortality and major disability 70% (IQR 50–80%). All parents answered the risk limit questions. The median mortality risk for not planning resuscitation was 90% (IQR 60–90%); major disability risk in survivors 50% (IQR 30–90%); and composite risk 90% (IQR 50–90%). Most clinicians (82%) stated that decisions should be guided by parent opinions if there are uncertainties. Parents had varying perception of previous counselling, and 57% stated that both their viewpoint and doctor's predicted risk influenced their decision‐making.ConclusionsClinicians and parents had different views on mortality and major disability risks when deciding on resuscitation/neonatal IC treatment. When there was uncertainty, both agreed on working together.
The relationship between portable school‐based oral health prevention services and subsequent oral health treatment
Authors: Pourat Nadereh , Chen Xiao , Spetz Joanne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines whether a portable, school‐based, preventive oral health program was associated with reduced use of treatment services over time.MethodsWe obtained encounter data from Community Health Center, Inc. (CHC) in Connecticut that operates such a program. We followed cohorts of children for 4 years, examining change in ratio of treatment to total services in the fourth year, following receipt of portable preventive care in the prior 3 years. The sample included 3,006 children 4.5 to 15 years old on their first visit during 2005–2015. We used structural equation path models to assess change in the dependent variable, controlling for available demographics and service use patterns. We conducted additional sensitivity analyses to assess robustness of our findings.ResultsWe found a reduction in ratio of treatment (particularly restorative) to total services in the fourth year, given receipt of portable preventive care in the third year (direct impact) and receipt of portable preventive care in prior years (indirect impact). Older children and those covered by Medicaid (versus privately insured) had a higher ratio of treatment to total services in the fourth year.ConclusionsOur retrospective analysis showed CHC portable dental program may reduce the use of treatment services over time among underserved children. This program is an example of a viable approach that could be emulated elsewhere if regulations allow remote supervision of hygienists and reimbursement levels are adequate.
Medicinal plants used against various inflammatory biomarkers for the management of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Singh Shareen , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Mahajan Kriti , Dhiman Sonia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease manifested clinically by polyarthralgia associated with joint dysfunction triggering the antibodies targeting against the self-neoepitopes determined by autoimmune responses associated with chronic arthritic attacks. The activation of macrophages and other defence cells in response to self-epitopes as biomarkers in RA provides a better understanding of pathogenesis of disease and has led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches acting as potent inhibitors of these cells.

Key findings
The current review retrieved the various medicinal plants possessing an active phytoconstituents with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which tends to be effective alternative approach over the synthetic drugs concerned with high toxic effects. The current available literature provided an evident data concluding that the active constituents like fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenes and sesquiterpene lactones attenuate the RA symptoms by targeting the inflammatory biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of RA.

Summary
Despite the various synthetic treatment approaches targeting immune cells, cytokines improved the quality of life but still the drug management is challenging due to toxic and chronic teratogenic effects with anti-arthritic drugs. The current review has elaborated the selected traditionally used herbal medicinal plants with phytoconstituents possessing anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the inflammatory biomarkers with lesser side effects and providing the future exploration of natural drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Therapeutic effects of açaí seed extract on hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced obesity in male mice: a comparative effect with rosuvastatin
Authors: Tavares Thamires Barros , Santos Izabelle Barcellos , de Bem Graziele Freitas , Ognibene Dayane Teixeira , da Rocha Ana Paula Machado , de Moura Roberto Soares , Resende Angela de Castro , Daleprane Julio Beltrame , da Costa Cristiane Aguiar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Obesity is considered a risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the açai seed (ASE), rich in proanthocyanidins, has been shown a potential body weight regulator with antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of ASE in obesity-associated NAFLD and compare it with Rosuvastatin.

Methods
Male C57BL/6 mice received a high-fat diet or standard diet for 12 weeks. The treatments with ASE (300 mg/kg per day) or rosuvastatin (20 mg/kg per day) began in the eighth week until the 12th week.

Key findings
Our data show that the treatments with ASE and rosuvastatin reduced body weight and hyperglycaemia, improved lipid profile and attenuated hepatic steatosis in HFD mice. ASE and Rosuvastatin reduced HMGCoA-Reductase and SREBP-1C and increased ABGC8 and pAMPK expressions in the liver. Additionally, ASE, but not Rosuvastatin, reduced NPC1L1 and increased ABCG5 and PPAR-α expressions. ASE and rosuvastatin increased SIRT-1 expression and antioxidant defence, although only ASE was able to decrease the oxidative damage in hepatic tissue.

Conclusions
The therapeutic effect of ASE was similar to that of rosuvastatin in reducing dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis but was better in reducing oxidative damage and hyperglycaemia.
Effects of metronidazole on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in healthy dogs
Authors: Pilla Rachel , Gaschen Frederic P. , Barr James W. , Olson Erin , Honneffer Julia , Guard Blake C. , Blake Amanda B. , Villanueva Dean , Khattab Mohammad R. , AlShawaqfeh Mustafa K. , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Steiner Jörg M. , Suchodolski Jan S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetronidazole has a substantial impact on the gut microbiome. However, the recovery of the microbiome after discontinuation of administration, and the metabolic consequences of such alterations have not been investigated to date.ObjectivesTo describe the impact of 14‐day metronidazole administration, alone or in combination with a hydrolyzed protein diet, on fecal microbiome, metabolome, bile acids (BAs), and lactate production, and on serum metabolome in healthy dogs.AnimalsTwenty‐four healthy pet dogs.MethodsProspective, nonrandomized controlled study. Dogs fed various commercial diets were divided in 3 groups: control group (no intervention, G1); group receiving hydrolyzed protein diet, followed by metronidazole administration (G2); and group receiving metronidazole only (G3). Microbiome composition was evaluated with sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)‐based dysbiosis index. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of fecal and serum samples was performed, followed by targeted assays for fecal BAs and lactate.ResultsNo changes were observed in G1, or G2 during diet change. Metronidazole significantly changed microbiome composition in G2 and G3, including decreases in richness (P < .001) and in key bacteria such as Fusobacteria (q < 0.001) that did not fully resolve 4 weeks after metronidazole discontinuation. Fecal dysbiosis index was significantly increased (P < .001). Those changes were accompanied by increased fecal total lactate (P < .001), and decreased secondary BAs deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid (P < .001).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceOur results indicate a minimum 4‐week effect of metronidazole on fecal microbiome and metabolome, supporting a cautious approach to prescription of metronidazole in dogs.
Unravelling associations among chemosensory system components in Liolaemus lizards
Authors: Ruiz–Monachesi M. R. , Cruz F. B. , Valdecantos S. , Labra A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMorphology can be associated with different aspects of an organisms' life and the size of sensorial organs may allow inferences on the relevance of sensorial systems employed by them. There are organs implied in signal detection (sensory organs) and production (emitting organs) that are linked frequently to behaviour. Lizards are mostly dependent on the chemosensory system, where the vomeronasal organ (VNO) detects chemical scents delivered by the tongue from glands. The VNO, tongue flicks and glands, should be associated under a morpho‐functional paradigm, and our main aim is to explore whether there is an association among these three chemosensory components in Liolaemus lizards. Additionally, tongue flicks have been used to evaluate the interaction between the chemical and visual sensory systems, showing a positive association. Hence, considering the close association between morphology and behaviour, our second aim is to explore whether the morphological (VNO, glands) and behavioural (tongue flicks) chemosensory components are correlated with eye size. We studied the rate of tongue flicks exhibited under two conditions, own scents and control, in 13 Liolaemus species and measured their head length, snout volume (VNO proxy), eye surface, and counted their number of precloacal glands. The rate of tongue flicks correlated positively with the residuals to head of snout volume and negatively with the number of precloacal glands, suggesting that they are associated and that this behaviour links both structures. In addition, residuals of snout volume and the rate of tongue flicks were positively associated with the residuals of eye surface, suggesting that chemical and visual sensory modalities would have co‐evolved in these Liolaemus species. Our results show the importance of morphology and behaviour to infer the relevance of animals' sensory systems.
Ornamental fish: a potential source of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant motile Aeromonas spp.
Authors: Hossain S. , Heo G.-J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAeromonas spp. are ubiquitous bacteria that cause diseases in fish and other aquatic animals. They are the natural inhabitants of different aquatic environments, such as freshwater, brackishwater and marinewater. Extrinsic stressors, such as crowding, unhygienic handling, poor water quality, polluted feeding and inadequate nutrition, can predispose fish to Aeromonas infection. In ornamental fish, motile Aeromonas spp. are known as aetiological agents of motile aeromonad infections, which cause significant mortality in fish and economic loss in the ornamental fish industry. The existence of different virulence factors leads to the virulence potential of motile Aeromonas spp. There are several antimicrobials used to treat bacterial infections in ornamental fish. However, the extensive use of antimicrobials in the ornamental fish industry causes multidrug resistance. This article reviewed a multitude of virulence factors that are related to the ornamental fish-borne Aeromonas pathogenicity and the antimicrobial resistance determinants related to the multidrug resistance phenotypes of motile Aeromonas spp. in ornamental fish.