bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-carbohydrate diet and maternal glucose metabolism in Chinese pregnant women
Authors: Chen Qian , Chen Yajun , Wu Weijia , Tang Nu , Wang Dongyu , Chen Yuming , Jing Jin , Cai Li 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFew studies have suggested that long-term adherence to low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) may affect maternal glucose metabolism in Western countries. We aimed to investigate the association between LCD during pregnancy and glucose metabolism in a Chinese population. A total of 1018 women in mid-pregnancy were recruited in 2017–2018. Participants underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Daily dietary intakes over the past month were accessed using a validated FFQ. The overall, animal and vegetable LCD scores which represent adherence to different low-carbohydrate dietary patterns were calculated. Mixed linear regression and generalised linear mixed regression were conducted to evaluate the associations between LCD scores and maternal glucose metabolism. Of the 1018 subjects, 194 (19·1 %) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The overall LCD score (β: 0·024,se0·008,PFDR= 0·02) and animal LCD score (β: 0·023,se0·008,PFDR= 0·02) were positively associated with OGTT 1-h glucose. No significant associations were found between the three different LCD scores with fasting plasma glucose, OGTT 2-h glucose, or insulin resistance, respectively. Compared with the lowest quartile, the crude OR of GDM for the highest quartile were 1·84 (95 % CI 1·14, 2·95) for overall LCD score (Pfor trend= 0·02) and 1·56 (95 % CI 1·00, 2·45) for animal LCD score (Pfor trend= 0·02). However, these associations became non-significant after adjustment for covariates. In conclusion, a low-carbohydrate dietary pattern with high animal protein and fat is associated with higher postprandial 1-h glucose levels in Chinese pregnant women.
Depositional processes and environmental settings in rock shelters: the case of the prehistoric Oscurusciuto site (Southern Italy)
Authors: Martini Ivan , Baucon Andrea , Boschin Francesco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClastic successions in rock shelters commonly host important archaeological findings, especially of prehistoric and protostoric times. The understanding of depositional and post-depositional processes in these environments is crucial to understand the lifestyle settings of humans, as well as the reliability of archaeological data obtained during excavations. Rock shelters are genetically related to caves, but while depositional processes in caves are generally well known, less information is available concerning the depositional processes active in rock shelters.This paper tries to contribute to this issue, describing the sedimentary succession exposed at the Oscurusciuto rock shelter (Ginosa, Southern Italy). This is one of the most important Middle Palaeolithic sites of the Italian peninsula, and its sedimentary infill hosts witnesses of very late Neanderthal populations that lived in Italy just before their total decline and complete replacement by Modern Humans (MH).This work presents the results of a sedimentologically based study integrated with an ichnological study of selected beds. The combination of these two methodologies allowed us to: (i) define the main depositional processes active in the rock shelter environment, as well as the relationships between different processes; (ii) discuss the meaning of peculiar ichnofabrics recognized at the site, and (iii) discuss the meaning of structureless strata at an archeological site in the framework of human trampling vs bioturbation as a cause of the obliteration of primary sedimentary structures.
The Politics of Our Selves: Left self-fashioning and the production of representative claims in everyday Indian campus politics
Authors: MARTELLI JEAN-THOMAS 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThrough engaging with everyday practices among student activists in contemporary Indian campus politics, this ethnographic study examines the breadcrumb trail between the left and self-fashioning. It focuses on a performative modality of political representation in Indian democracy by tracing the formation of biographical reconfigurations that implement subject-oriented techniques. The article charts their relevance in producing political legitimacy. It engages with the way in which personal reconfigurations are mobilized to recruit and appeal to both subaltern and privileged communities, thus generating universalistic representative claims and political efficacy.The study discusses self-presentations among leading left activists who are members of five contending Marxist student organizations that are active in Delhi's Jawaharlal Nehru University campus. It shows that reconfigurations are a hallmark of practices of social ‘downlift’ which echo the notion ofdeclassifying, a concept developed by philosopher Jacques Rancière. While embracing secularism and the legacy of political martyrs, the analysis illustrates how self-fashioning attempts to erase signs and habits attached to economic and social privileges through subverting and engaging creatively with sacrificial and ascetic tropes. Conversely, such practices find themselves critically questioned by activists at the bottom of the social ladder who aspire to social upliftment, including members of lower castes and impoverished Muslim communities. I find that the biographical effects of left activism are both long-lasting and renegotiable, shaping campus lives and subsequent professional careers. While such reconfigurations are not inspired by world renouncers of the Hindu mendicant tradition, these practices of the self might exemplify the historical cross-fertilization between long-standing cultural idioms and the Indian Marxist praxis.
Are adult stressful life events associated with psychotic relapse? A systematic review of 23 studies
Authors: Martland Natasha , Martland Rebecca , Cullen Alexis E. , Bhattacharyya Sagnik 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRelapse rates among individuals with psychotic disorders are high. In addition to the financial burden placed on clinical services, relapse is associated with worse long-term prognosis and poorer quality of life. Robust evidence indicates that stressful life events commonly precede the onset of the first psychotic episode; however, the extent to which they are associated with relapse remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize available research investigating the association between recent stressful life events and psychotic relapse or relapse of bipolar disorder if the diagnosis included psychotic symptoms. PsycINFO, Medline and EMBASE were searched for cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective studies published between 01/01/1970 and 08/01/2020 that investigated the association between adult stressful life events and relapse of psychosis. Study quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project guidelines. Twenty-three studies met eligibility criteria (prospective studies: 14; retrospective studies: 6; cross-sectional: 3) providing data on 2046 participants in total (sample size range: 14–240 participants). Relapse was defined as a return of psychotic symptoms (n = 20), a return of symptoms requiring hospitalization (n = 2) and a return of symptoms or hospitalization (n = 1). Adult stressful life events were defined as life events occurring after the onset of psychosis. Stressful life events included but were not limited to adult trauma, bereavement, financial problems and conflict. Eighteen studies found a significant positive association between adult stressful life events and psychotic relapse and five studies found a non-significant association. We conclude that adult stressful life events, occurring after psychosis onset, appear to be associated with psychotic relapse.
The Birthday Present: Censorinus’De die natali
Authors: Freidin Anna Bonnell 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper contextualises and interprets a text seldom addressed in Anglophone scholarship:De die natali(‘On the birthday’), written by Censorinus to celebrate his patron Caerellius’ birthday in 238c.e. By exploring both gestation (natalis) and time measurement (dies), the work seeks to elucidate and isolate Caerellius’ birthday in time; it is the ultimate guide to hisdies natalis. Despite a seemingly narrow focus,De die nataliis best understood as part of a broad ‘spectrum’ of encyclopaedic texts, exemplifying the ‘totalising’ impetus of knowledge ordering in the Roman Empire, while simultaneously exposing the limits of such efforts. An interlocking set of tensions underlie the text, which resonate with other encyclopaedic projects — tensions between unity and plurality, centre and periphery, and the relationship between nature and culture.De die nataliis both a product of, and commentary on, the conditions of human knowledge and the Empire's cultural diversity in the early third century.
Effectiveness of counselling and psychotherapeutic interventions for people with dementia and their families: a systematic review
Authors: Shoesmith Emily , Griffiths Alys Wyn , Sass Cara , Charura Divine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs there is currently no cure for dementia, providing psycho-social support is imperative. Counselling and psychotherapeutic interventions offer a way to provide individualised support for people with dementia and their families. However, to date, there has not been a systematic review examining the research evidence for these interventions. This review aimed to examine the following research questions: (1) Are counselling/psychotherapeutic interventions effective for people with dementia?, (2) Are counselling/psychotherapeutic interventions effective for care-givers of people with dementia? and (3) Which modes of delivery are most effective for people with dementia and care-givers of people with dementia? A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), PsycINFO and CINAHL in March 2019. Keyword searches were employed with the terms ‘dement*’, ‘counsel*’, ‘psychotherapy’, ‘therap*’, ‘care’ and ‘outcome’, for the years 2000–2019. Thirty-one papers were included in the review, from seven countries. Twenty studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or adopted a quasi-experimental design. The remaining studies were qualitative or single-group repeated-measures design. The review identified variation in the counselling/psychotherapeutic approaches and mode of delivery. Most interventions adopted either a problem-solving or cognitive behavioural therapy approach. Mixed effectiveness was found on various outcomes. The importance of customised modifications for people with dementia was highlighted consistently. Understanding the dyadic relationships between people with dementia and their care-givers is essential to offering effective interventions and guidance for practitioners is needed. Information about the cognitive impairment experienced by participants with dementia was poorly reported and is essential in the development of this research area. Future studies should consider the impact of cognitive impairment in developing guidance for counselling/psychotherapeutic intervention delivery for people with dementia.
Linking gender, sexuality, and affect: The linguistic and social patterning of phrase-final posttonic lengthening
Authors: Esposito Lewis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper furthers our understanding of the social forces driving prosodic variation by reporting on production and perception studies of phrase-final posttonic lengthening in American English. Building on past research showing gender-based variation in the production of phrase-final lengthening, I show that this gender effect surfaces only when comparing straight men and straight women. Gay men and straight women lengthen their phrase-final posttonic syllables equally, and both groups do so more than straight men. A matched-guise social-perception experiment shows that listeners associate increased lengthening not only with femininity and male gayness, but with expressive affect. I suggest that the link between increased lengthening and expressive affect is forged iconically and that this link underlies the gender and sexuality patterns observed in the production study. What surfaces from this work theoretically is how variability in expressions of affect may drive correlations between gender/sexuality-based categories and linguistic variants.
A Sentence Repetition Task for Early Language Assessment in Spanish
Authors: Bravo Natalia , Lázaro Miguel , Mariscal Sonia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSentence repetition tasks have been widely used in the last years as a diagnostic tool in developmental language disorders. However in Spanish there are few (if any) of these instruments, especially for younger children. In this context, we develop a new Sentence Repetition Task for assessing language (morphosyntactic) abilities of very young Spanish children. A list of 33 sentences of different length and complexity was created and included in the task. A total of 130 typical developing children from 2 to 4 years of age were engaged in a play situation and asked to repeat the sentences. Children’s answers were scored for accuracy at sentence and word level and error analysis at the word level was undertaken. Besides a subsample of 92 children completed a non-word repetition task. First results show its adequacy to children from 2 to 4 years of age, its capacity to discriminate between different developmental levels, and its concurrent validity with the nonword repetition task.
Dual‐Lobe Reconnection and Horse‐Collar Auroras
Authors: Milan S. E. , Carter J. A. , Bower G. E. , Imber S. M. , Paxton L. J. , Anderson B. J. , Hairston M. R. , Hubert B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe propose a mechanism for the formation of the horse‐collar auroral configuration during periods of strongly northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), invoking the action of dual‐lobe reconnection (DLR). Auroral observations are provided by the Imager for Magnetopause‐to‐Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) satellite and spacecraft of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). We also use ionospheric flow measurements from DMSP and polar maps of field‐aligned currents (FACs) derived from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE). Sunward convection is observed within the dark polar cap, with antisunward flows within the horse‐collar auroral region, together with the NBZ FAC distribution expected to be associated with DLR. We suggest that newly closed flux is transported antisunward and to dawn and dusk within the reverse lobe cell convection pattern associated with DLR, causing the polar cap to acquire a teardrop shape and weak auroras to form at high latitudes. Horse‐collar auroras are a common feature of the quiet magnetosphere, and this model provides a first understanding of their formation, resolving several outstanding questions regarding the nature of DLR and the magnetospheric structure and dynamics during northward IMF. The model can also provide insights into the trapping of solar wind plasma by the magnetosphere and the formation of a low‐latitude boundary layer and cold, dense plasma sheet. We speculate that prolonged DLR could lead to a fully closed magnetosphere, with the formation of horse‐collar auroras being an intermediate step.
Influence of Effective Stress and Pore Fluid Pressure on Fault Strength and Slip Localization in Carbonate Slip Zones
Authors: Rempe Marieke , Di Toro Giulio , Mitchell Thomas M. , Smith Steven A. F. , Hirose Takehiro , Renner Joerg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe presence of pressurized fluids influences the mechanical behavior of faults. To test the roles of normal stress and fluid pressure on shear strength and localization behavior of calcite gouges, we conducted a series of rotary‐shear experiments with pore fluid pressures up to 10.5 MPa and difference between normal stress and fluid pressure up to 11.2 MPa. Calcite gouges were sheared for displacements of 0.3 m to several meters at slip rates of 1 mm/s and 1 m/s. Drainage conditions in experiments were constrained from estimates of the hydraulic diffusivity. Gouges were found to be drained at 1 mm/s, but possibly partially undrained during sliding at 1 m/s. Shear strength obeys an effective‐stress law with an effective‐stress coefficient close to unity with a friction coefficient of ~0.7 that decreases to 0.19 due to dynamic weakening. The degree of comminution and slip localization constrained from experimental microstructures depends on the effective normal stress. Slip localization in calcite gouges does not occur at low effective normal stress. The presence of pore fluids lowers the shear strength of gouges sheared at 1 mm/s and causes an accelerated weakening at 1 m/s compared to dry gouges, possibly due to enhanced subcritical crack growth and intergranular lubrication. Thermal pressurization occurs only after dynamic weakening when friction is generally low and relatively independent of normal stress and therefore unaffected by thermal pressurization. The experimental results are consistent with the view that the presence of pressurized fluid in carbonate‐bearing faults can facilitate earthquake nucleation.
Data‐Driven Optimization of Seismicity Models Using Diverse Data Sets: Generation, Evaluation, and Ranking Using Inlabru
Authors: Bayliss Kirsty , Naylor Mark , Illian Janine , Main Ian G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent developments in earthquake forecasting models have demonstrated the need for a robust method for identifying which model components are most beneficial to understanding spatial patterns of seismicity. Borrowing from ecology, we use Log‐Gaussian Cox process models to describe the spatially varying intensity of earthquake locations. These models are constructed using elements which may influence earthquake locations, including the underlying fault map and past seismicity models, and a random field to account for any excess spatial variation that cannot be explained by deterministic model components. Comparing the alternative models allows the assessment of the performance of models of varying complexity composed of different components and therefore identifies which elements are most useful for describing the distribution of earthquake locations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach using synthetic data and by making use of the earthquake and fault information available for California, including an application to the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence. We show the flexibility of this modeling approach and how it might be applied in areas where we do not have the same abundance of detailed information. We find results consistent with existing literature on the performance of past seismicity models that slip rates are beneficial for describing the spatial locations of larger magnitude events and that strain rate maps can constrain the spatial limits of seismicity in California. We also demonstrate that maps of distance to the nearest fault can benefit spatial models of seismicity, even those that also include the primary fault geometry used to construct them.
Flow Separation and Increased Drag Coefficient in Estuarine Channels With Curvature
Authors: Bo Tong , Ralston David K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFlow separation has been observed and studied in sinuous laboratory channels and natural meanders, but the effects of flow separation on along‐channel drag are not well understood. Motivated by observations of large drag coefficients from a shallow, sinuous estuary, we built idealized numerical models representative of that system. We found that flow separation in tidal channels with curvature can create form drag that increases the total drag to more than twice that from bottom friction alone. In the momentum budget, the pressure gradient is balanced by the combined effects of bottom friction and form drag, which is calculated directly. The effective increase in total drag coefficient depends on two geometric parameters: dimensionless water depth and bend sharpness, quantified as the bend radius of curvature to channel width ratio. We introduce a theoretical boundary layer separation model to explain this parameter dependence and to predict flow separation and the increased drag. The drag coefficient can increase by a factor of 2–7 in “sharp” and “deep” sinuous channels where flow separation is most likely. Flow separation also enhances energy dissipation due to increased velocities in bends, resulting in greater loss of tidal energy and weakened stratification. Flow separation and the associated drag increase are expected to be more common in meanders of tidal channels than rivers where point bars that inhibit flow separation are more commonly found. The increased drag due to flow separation reduces tidal amplitude and affects velocity phasing along the estuary and could result in morphological feedbacks.
Shipboard Acoustic Observations of Flow Rate From a Seafloor‐Sourced Oil Spill
Authors: Loranger Scott , Weber Thomas C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn 2004 a debris flow generated by Hurricane Ivan toppled an oil production platform in Mississippi Canyon lease block 20 (MC20). Between 2004 and the installation of a containment system in 2019 MC20 became an in situ laboratory for a wide range of hydrocarbon in the sea‐related research, including different methods of assessing the volumetric flow rate of hydrocarbons spanning different temporal scales. In 2017 a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and high‐frequency (90 to 154 kHz) broadband echosounder were deployed to assess the flow rate of liquid and gas phase hydrocarbons. Measurements of horizontal currents were combined with acoustic mapping to determine the rise velocity of the seep as it moved downstream. Models of the rise velocity for fluid particles were used to predict the size of oil droplets and gas bubbles in the seep. The amplitude and shape of the broadband acoustic backscatter were then used to differentiate between, and determine the flow rate of, hydrocarbons. Oil flow rate in the seep was estimated to be 56 to 86 barrels/day (mean barrels/day) while the flow rate of gaseous hydrocarbons was estimated to be 98 to 359 m3/day (mean m3/day).
Medium Energy Electron Flux in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt (MERLIN): A Machine Learning Model
Authors: Smirnov A. G. , Berrendorf M. , Shprits Y. Y. , Kronberg E. A. , Allison H. J. , Aseev N. A. , Zhelavskaya I. S. , Morley S. K. , Reeves G. D. , Carver M. R. , Effenberger F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe radiation belts of the Earth, filled with energetic electrons, comprise complex and dynamic systems that pose a significant threat to satellite operation. While various models of electron flux both for low and relativistic energies have been developed, the behavior of medium energy (120–600 keV) electrons, especially in the MEO region, remains poorly quantified. At these energies, electrons are driven by both convective and diffusive transport, and their prediction usually requires sophisticated 4D modeling codes. In this paper, we present an alternative approach using the Light Gradient Boosting (LightGBM) machine learning algorithm. The Medium Energy electRon fLux In Earth's outer radiatioN belt (MERLIN) model takes as input the satellite position, a combination of geomagnetic indices and solar wind parameters including the time history of velocity, and does not use persistence. MERLIN is trained on >15 years of the GPS electron flux data and tested on more than 1.5 years of measurements. Tenfold cross validation yields that the model predicts the MEO radiation environment well, both in terms of dynamics and amplitudes o f flux. Evaluation on the test set shows high correlation between the predicted and observed electron flux (0.8) and low values of absolute error. The MERLIN model can have wide space weather applications, providing information for the scientific community in the form of radiation belts reconstructions, as well as industry for satellite mission design, nowcast of the MEO environment, and surface charging analysis.