bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeling the heat: source–sink mismatch as a mechanism underlying the failure of thermal tolerance
Authors: Vornanen Matti 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTA mechanistic explanation for the tolerance limits of animals at high temperatures is still missing, but one potential target for thermal failure is the electrical signaling off cells and tissues. With this in mind, here I review the effects of high temperature on the electrical excitability of heart, muscle and nerves, and refine a hypothesis regarding high temperature-induced failure of electrical excitation and signal transfer [the temperature-dependent deterioration of electrical excitability (TDEE) hypothesis]. A central tenet of the hypothesis is temperature-dependent mismatch between the depolarizing ion current (i.e. source) of the signaling cell and the repolarizing ion current (i.e. sink) of the receiving cell, which prevents the generation of action potentials (APs) in the latter. A source–sink mismatch can develop in heart, muscles and nerves at high temperatures owing to opposite effects of temperature on source and sink currents. AP propagation is more likely to fail at the sites of structural discontinuities, including electrically coupled cells, synapses and branching points of nerves and muscle, which impose an increased demand of inward current. At these sites, temperature-induced source–sink mismatch can reduce AP frequency, resulting in low-pass filtering or a complete block of signal transmission. In principle, this hypothesis can explain a number of heat-induced effects, including reduced heart rate, reduced synaptic transmission between neurons and reduced impulse transfer from neurons to muscles. The hypothesis is equally valid for ectothermic and endothermic animals, and for both aquatic and terrestrial species. Importantly, the hypothesis is strictly mechanistic and lends itself to experimental falsification.
Repair of non-traumatic femoral head necrosis by marrow core decompression with bone grafting and porous tantalum rod implantation
Authors: Peng Keyun , Wang Yu , Zhu Jifeng , Li Chengling , Wang Zimin 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of marrow core decompression with bone grafting and marrow core decompression with porous tantalum rod implantation in treating avascular necrosis of non-traumatic femoral head.
Methods: This prospective study selected 60 patients (74 hips) with avascular necrosis of femoral head admitted to Daping Hospital from January 2018 to March 2019. According to treatment methods, the 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups, i.e. 30 patients in one group were treated by marrow core decompression with bone grafting, and the other 30 patients in the other group were treated with marrow core decompression and porous tantalum rod implantation.
Results: All implantation treatments were successful. No significant difference was found in surgical duration, hemorrhage volume and duration of hospitalization stay between the two groups during follow-up. All Harris scores were significantly improved (P<0.05) following treatment compared to those before treatment. The Harris score of patients treated with porous tantalum rod implantation was higher than that of patients treated with bone grafting (P<0.05) after 12 months following treatment and such a difference was significant.
Conclusion: The combination of marrow core decompression and porous tantalum rod implantation can better improve the functions of hip joints with early femoral head necrosis than marrow core decompression with bone grafting, and can also prevent articular cartilage from collapsing gradually.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2176
How to cite this:Peng K, Wang Y, Zhu J, Li C, Wang Z. Repair of non-traumatic femoral head necrosis by marrow core decompression with bone grafting and porous tantalum rod implantation. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1392-1396. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2176
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Correlations of CT scan with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and D-dimer in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Zhu Jin , Chen Cheng , Shi Rongshu , Li Bangguo 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: To study the correlations of CT scan with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and D-dimer in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019).
Methods: From January to March 2020, COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups according to the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (trial version 7), with mild and ordinary cases as Group-1 and critical and severe cases as Group-2. The chest CT scan results, hs-CRP, D-dimmer levels of the two groups from admission to discharge were compared by the c2 test or Fisher’s exact test. The quantitative data were represented as mean ± standard deviation (±s). Intergroup comparisons were performed by the independent samples t test, and the ineligible data were subjected to the nonparametric rank sum test. Binary logistic regression model was used for multivariate correlation analysis, using independent variables that were significant in univariate analysis. The correlations between the above indices were analyzed.
Results: In Group-1, there were two cases of normal chest CT scan results, one case of fibrosis, and 25 cases of abnormalities during the first diagnosis, mainly manifested as single or scattered ground-glass shadows. After treatment, the CT scan results became normal. The chest CT scan of Group-2 showed abnormalities, including 21 cases of multiple ground-glass shadows, and six cases of multiple consolidations accompanied by ground-glass shadows, who were critically ill and died. In addition, there were 16 cases of multiple ground glass shadows with partial consolidation, and the CRP and D-dimer levels of Group-2 were significantly higher than those of Group-1. Chest CT scan results were significantly positively correlated with CRP and D-dimer levels (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The chest CT scan results of COVID-19 patients are characteristic, being correlated with CRP and D-dimer levels. D-dimer and CRP levels significantly increase in most severe and critical patients, which are closely related to their prognosis. The indices may play predictive roles in clinical treatment and prognosis evaluation.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2961
How to cite this:Zhu J, Chen C, Shi R, Li B. Correlations of CT scan with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and D-dimer in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1397-1401. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2961
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Variations in sexual network connectivity may explain dramatic variations in sexually transmitted infection prevalence between populations and over time: a four-country analysis
Authors: Kenyon Chris 
Published: August 2020

Background: The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has been noted to vary dramatically between population groups and over time. Here, the hypothesis that changes in network connectivity underpin these changes is explored. Methods: The incidence/prevalence estimates of HIV, herpes simplex virus-2, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhoea, as well as two markers of sexual network connectivity (partner concurrency and multiple partnering) by ethnic group and sexual orientation in Kenya, South Africa, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (USA) were extracted from published studies. Pearson’s correlation was used to test the association between the markers of network connectivity and the incidence/prevalence of these five STIs. A literature review was performed to evaluate the possible causes of the increases and decreases in syphilis incidence over the past 60 years. Results: In each country, the five STIs were found to cluster in particular ethnic groups and sexual orientations and to be positively associated with the two markers of network connectivity. Syphilis incidence in the UK and USA was found to increase dramatically in the 1960s/1970s, decline in the 1980s and again increase in the late 1990s. These changes took place predominantly in men who have sex with men, and were preceded by corresponding changes in network connectivity. The large decline in antenatal syphilis prevalence in Kenya and South Africa in the 1990s were likewise preceded by declines in network connectivity. Conclusions: Although other explanatory variables are not controlled for, the present analysis is compatible with the hypothesis that differential network connectivity is a parsimonious explanation for variations in STI incidence over time and between populations.
The complete genome sequence of Toxicodendron radicans, Eastern Poison Ivy
Authors: Pirro Toby , Pirro Stacy 
Published: August 2020

Eastern Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans, Anacardiaceae) is well known in Eastern North America for causing contact dermatitis, an itchy and painful rash in most people who come in contact with it. We present the whole genome sequence and annotation of this species. A total of 96,255,779 paired-ends reads consisting of 28.9 G bases were obtained by sequencing one leaf from a wild-collected plant. The reads were assembled by ade novomethod followed by alignment to related species. Annotation was performed via GenMark-ES. The raw and assembled data is publicly available via GenBank: Sequence Read Archive (SRR10325927) and Assembly (GCA_009867345).
Lessons for responding to COVID-19, from Exemplars in Under-five Mortality Reduction
Authors: Hirschhorn Lisa R. , Gerthe Nathaniel , Phillips David E , Rothschild Oliver , Singh Manpreet , Binagwaho Agnes 
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 may not have the same direct effects on children as it does on older adults, but its indirect effects still pose a threat to child health, by disrupting delivery of routine health services like immunizations. This has happened during previous crises, and early indications point towards similar disruptions due to the coronavirus pandemic. To mitigate this, countries need to build resilient health systems capable of maintaining essential maternal and child health interventions, while also responding to COVID. How can this be accomplished? To find some answers, we can learn from countries in the past who improved health outcomes in the face of challenging circumstances. Specific to child health, countries with positive-outlier performance in reducing under-five mortality provide helpful strategies. These lessons include a clear national plan that drives rapid response, leveraging existing data systems to inform decision-making, engaging communities via community health workers, and focusing on equity. Today, countries around the world are facing the challenge of responding to the pandemic while building resilient health systems that continue to deliver invaluable maternal and child health services. Studying lessons from previous success stories can help inform the road ahead.
Sparking Manufacturing Innovation: How Temporary Interplant Assignments Increase Employee Idea Values
Authors: Cornelius Philipp B. , Gokpinar Bilal , Sting Fabian J. 
Published: August 2020

Shop-floor employees play a key role in manufacturing innovation. In some companies, up to 75% of all productivity gains are the result of bottom-up employee ideas. In this paper, we examine how employee interplant assignments—short problem-solving jobs at other manufacturing plants within the same firm—influence employee-driven manufacturing innovation. Using unique idea-level data from a large European car parts manufacturer, we show that interplant assignments significantly increase the value of employees’ improvement ideas due to the short-term transfer of production knowledge and long-term employee learning. Both effects are amplified by assignments to plants that have high functional overlap (i.e., plants producing similar products using similar processes and machinery). One implication is that, for the purpose of employee-driven manufacturing innovation, assignments between peripheral plants with high functional overlap can be more effective than assignments to and from central plants. These findings are robust to several econometric tests. Our study provides novel and detailed empirical evidence of manufacturing innovation, and goes beyond previous research on the learning curve (learning by doing) by investigating how interplant assignments affect the value of employees’ improvement ideas (learning by moving).This paper was accepted by Charles J. Corbett, operations management.
Mulheres no Contexto de Trabalho: Representações Sociais a partir da Orientação Sexual
Authors: Alves Natalia Fernandes Teixeira , Maia Luciana Maria , Lima Luiza Barbosa Porto , Souza Luana Elayne Cunha de , Oliveira Iara Andrade de , Gomes Ágatha Aila Amábili de Meneses 
Published: August 2020

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar os elementos que compõem as representações sociais de estudantes universitários sobre a participação de mulheres no contexto de trabalho, tendo em vista a orientação sexual dessas mulheres. Para isso, 177 universitários responderam o Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras (TALP), com os termos indutores "mulheres no contexto de trabalho" e "lésbicas no contexto de trabalho". Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise Prototípica, realizada pelo programa Iramuteq. Para as mulheres em geral, os resultados indicam o uso de palavras com conotações aparentemente positivas, mas que reforçam estereótipos de gênero, apontando funções socialmente definidas para mulheres. Para as lésbicas, os resultados centralizam o conteúdo no preconceito sofrido por essas enquanto membros da comunidade LGBT.
Eventos de vida e Construção da Identidade na Adultez Emergente
Authors: Felinto Tuíla Maciel , Gauer Gustavo , Rocha Giulia Bodanese , Braun Karen Cristina Rech , Dias Ana Cristina Garcia 
Published: August 2020

Durante o período da adultez emergente, a forma como eventos vividos são compreendidos é afetada pela narrativa de história de vida internalizada pelo indivíduo. A investigação dos tipos de experiências mais frequentes nessa fase contribui para a compreensão da forma como histórias de vida e identidades são construídas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar temáticas frequentes nos eventos de vida considerados importantes por jovens universitários. Participaram 287 universitários, com idades entre 18 e 35 anos (M = 22,55; DP = 5,88) que responderam a um questionário no qual relataram sete eventos mais importantes de suas vidas. Valência emocional, importância, prevalência e idade na qual ocorreu foram atribuídos pelos participantes aos seus eventos de vida. Os eventos citados foram, em sua maioria, considerados positivos, resultado condizente com a literatura sobre memória autobiográfica. As três categorias mais citadas envolveram temáticas relacionadas à exploração identitária e de possibilidades, características marcantes da adultez emergente.
Dialética do Fatalismo: do Fatalismo dos Indivíduos para o da Ordem
Authors: Costa Pedro Henrique Antunes da , Mendes Kíssila Teixeira 
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho objetiva realizar um resgate crítico do conceito de fatalismo cunhado por Martín-Baró, à luz da realidade brasileira. Nesse processo, explicitaremos sua natureza dialética, a partir dos movimentos de resignação e revolta, em perspectivas individuais e/ou coletivas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica, cuja discussão fundamentou-se nas formulações e trabalhos do autor, em literatura secundária sobre o conceito, produções acerca do processo de formação brasileiro e, nele, contextos de pobreza e exploração econômico-política, bem como dados sobre nossa realidade e manifestações artísticas nacionais ilustrativas. Para além da faceta de resignação do fatalismo, apontada por Martín-Baró, destacamos sua relação dialética com a revolta e entre possibilidades individuais e coletivas. Assim, como transformar o fatalismo dos indivíduos em direção a perspectivas de revolta capazes de provocar rupturas estruturais nessa sociabilidade? E como a Psicologia brasileira pode contribuir para isso? As possibilidades de passagem de um fatalismo dos indivíduos para o da ordem, a partir da práxis do psicólogo brasileiro ou enquanto visão de mundo geral, são: (1) recuperação da memória histórica; (2) fortalecer a organização popular; (3) compreender-se e atuar enquanto classe trabalhadora; (4) fortalecer as condições objetivas comunitárias e (5) conscientização enquanto horizonte da Psicologia.
A PEDAGOGIA VIRTUAL AFRO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Eiras Rafael Garcia Madalen 
Published: August 2020

Este artigo faz uma breve reflexão de como a forma e estratégias da religiosidade afro brasileira de transmissão de conhecimentos, através de uma pedagogia iniciática e mágica, pode ser entendida e revalorizada no mundo virtual. Tendo como ponto de partida a experiência do autor do artigo na produção de uma série de vídeos para a internet intitulados de “Religiosidade Afro-brasileira”, onde a temática da religiosidade existente no Candomblé é abordada. No entanto a análise dos vídeos só é o ponto de partida para a reflexão proposta, pois o que se pretende é entender como o mundo virtual possibilita uma nova visão que reutiliza antigas formas de se estar neste mundo, revalorizando um pensamento mágico que sempre existiu e resistiu na cultura afro brasileira. Por tanto a abordagem metodológica do trabalho se baseia na pesquisa e análise qualitativa de algumas páginas da web relacionadas ao tema, bem como um referencial teórico que fornece ao projeto ferramentas e subsídios para entendermos as dinâmicas do mundo virtual e da magia ritualística das religiões de matriz africana. Mas principalmente na experiência vivida pelo autor como iniciado e como produtor dos vídeos relacionados acima.
Effects of two weak continuous-wave triggers on picosecond pulse pumped
supercontinuum generation
Authors: Huang Chao , Zhu Ji , Aruna Gandhi M. S. , Li Qian 
Published: August 2020

The promising advancement of supercontinuum generation in optical
fibers has initiated significant interest in recent research studies
and several continuing applications. We numerically corroborate the
effects of picosecond pulse pumped supercontinuum (SC) by using two
weak continuous-wave (CW) triggers with 1% pump intensity. Compared
with SC with one CW trigger, adding two CW triggers (1% pump power),
both near the modulation instability peaks, can achieve wider spectra
for a picosecond pulse pumped SC. Furthermore, good coherence
properties may be achieved in the wavelength range from 1300–2000 nm
when one CW trigger is near the pump center wavelength and the other
CW trigger is distant from the pump. In our simulations, putting two
CW triggers on the same side (concerning the pump wavelength) or
putting them on different sides have similar effects on SC spectral
and temporal coherence properties. Therefore, by engineering the
wavelengths of two CW triggers to offer better bandwidth or coherence,
we envision that the proposed technique could play a significant role
in the generation of SC.
Photosensitive highly Er/Yb co-doped phosphosilicate optical fibers for continuous-wave single-frequency fiber laser applications
Authors: Rybaltovsky A. A. , Lipatov D. S. , Lobanov A. S. , Abramov A. N. , Umnikov A. A. , Bazakutsa A. P. , Bobkov K. K. , Butov O. V. , Gur’yanov A. N. 
Published: August 2020

Highly Er/Yb co-doped phosphosilicate fibers with low optical losses were fabricated by the MCVD method, utilizing an all-gas-phase deposition technique developed “in house.” Important characteristics such as photodarkening and photosensitivity of these fibers were thoroughly investigated. An almost negligible impact of photodarkening-induced losses (no more than 1 dB/m) was discovered in the near-infrared spectral region. The photosensitivity of hydrogen-loaded fiber samples was studied using excimer laser irradiation at a wavelength of 193 nm. A photoinduced refractive index value of

1

×

10

−
3

at the total UV irradiation exposure dose of

550

J

/

c
m

2

was achieved. A single-frequency laser with a Fabry–Perot short cavity was designed by inscribing highly reflective (

R

>

99.9

%

) and partially reflective (

R

=

94.3

%

) fiber Bragg gratings directly in the Er/Yb co-doped phosphosilicate fiber core. The laser showed stable CW output emitting with a narrow peak centered at 1551.5 nm in the absence of any signs of

Y
b

3
+

parasite lasing in a wavelength range from 1000 to 1100 nm.
Chalcogenide fibers for Kerr squeezing
Authors: Anashkina Elena A. , Andrianov Alexey V. , Corney Joel F. , Leuchs Gerd 
Published: August 2020

We propose and investigate theoretically the Kerr squeezing of light at a wavelength of 2 µm in chalcogenide fibers with large nonlinearity and—this is the advance—with much reduced attenuation. We present suitably realistic but straightforward designs of low-loss step-index single-mode fibers with the nonlinear Kerr coefficient 3 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than for standard telecommunication fibers, and we give estimations of optimal squeezing for continuous wave laser signal in the considered fibers based on

A
s

2

S

3

or

A
s

2

S
e

3

glasses.
Violencia y corrupción como estrategias de maximización en mercados ilegales: el caso de la coca
Authors: Serrano López Miguel 
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se analiza el uso de la violencia y la corrupción como factores de maximización del beneficio de los traficantes en el mercado de los cultivos de coca. Se propone que la condición de ilegalidad de este mercado da lugar al establecimiento de sistemas de seguridad privada y corrupción que operan como estrategias de maximización de los beneficios de los traficantes, y se propone la existencia de un umbral de acción de la justicia que hace inviable la actividad ilegal.
Reducción de la desigualdad de las remuneraciones e instituciones en Argentina (2002-2015)
Authors: Beccaria Luis , Fernandez Ana Laura , Trajtemberg David 
Published: August 2020

La reducción de las brechas entre las remuneraciones de trabajadores con diferente nivel educativo es el principal factor que explica la baja de la desigualdad de los salarios privados en Argentina desde 2002. Este artículo analiza la influencia del salario mínimo y las negociaciones colectivas sobre la reducción de los premios a la educación entre los asalariados formales privados. Se resalta que ambas instituciones no pueden analizarse de manera separada y se muestran evidencias acerca de que en el periodo analizado no habrían influido sobre la disminución de las brechas salariales educativas.