bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Minimum Distance Computation for Solids of Revolution
Authors: Son S.‐H. , Yoon S.‐H. , Kim M.‐S. , Elber G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a highly efficient algorithm for computing the minimum distance between two solids of revolution, each of which is defined by a planar cross‐section region and a rotation axis. The boundary profile curve for the cross‐section is first approximated by a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) of fat arcs. By rotating the fat arcs around the axis, we generate the BVH of fat tori that bounds the surface of revolution. The minimum distance between two solids of revolution is then computed very efficiently using the distance between fat tori, which can be boiled down to the minimum distance computation for circles in the three‐dimensional space. Our circle‐based approach to the solids of revolution has distinctive features of geometric simplification. The main advantage is in the effectiveness of our approach in handling the complex cases where the minimum distance is obtained in non‐convex regions of the solids under consideration. Though we are dealing with a geometric problem for solids, the algorithm actually works in a computational style similar to that of handling planar curves. Compared with conventional BVH‐based methods, our algorithm demonstrates outperformance in computing speed, often 10–100 times faster. Moreover, the minimum distance can be computed very efficiently for the solids of revolution under deformation, where the dynamic reconstruction of fat arcs dominates the overall computation time and takes a few milliseconds.
A Survey of Temporal Antialiasing Techniques
Authors: Yang Lei , Liu Shiqiu , Salvi Marco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTemporal Antialiasing (TAA), formally defined as temporally‐amortized supersampling, is the most widely used antialiasing technique in today's real‐time renderers and game engines. This survey provides a systematic overview of this technique. We first review the history of TAA, its development path and related work. We then identify the two main sub‐components of TAA, sample accumulation and history validation, and discuss algorithmic and implementation options. As temporal upsampling is becoming increasingly relevant to today's game engines, we propose an extension of our TAA formulation to cover a variety of temporal upsampling techniques. Despite the popularity of TAA, there are still significant unresolved technical challenges that affect image quality in many scenarios. We provide an in‐depth analysis of these challenges, and review existing techniques for improvements. Finally, we summarize popular algorithms and topics that are closely related to TAA. We believe the rapid advances in those areas may either benefit from or feedback into TAA research and development.
A strategy for the next decade to address data deficiency in neglected biodiversity
Authors: Hochkirch Axel , Samways Michael J. , Gerlach Justin , Böhm Monika , Williams Paul , Cardoso Pedro , Cumberlidge Neil , Stephenson P. J. , Seddon Mary B. , Clausnitzer Viola , Borges Paulo A. V. , Mueller Gregory M. , Pearce‐Kelly Paul , Raimondo Domitilla C. , Danielczak Anja , Dijkstra Klaas‐Douwe B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMeasuring progress toward international biodiversity targets requires robust information on the conservation status of species, which the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species provides. However, data and capacity are lacking for most hyperdiverse groups, such as invertebrates, plants, and fungi, particularly in megadiverse or high‐endemism regions. Conservation policies and biodiversity strategies aimed at halting biodiversity loss by 2020 need to be adapted to tackle these information shortfalls after 2020. We devised an 8‐point strategy to close existing data gaps by reviving explorative field research on the distribution, abundance, and ecology of species; linking taxonomic research more closely with conservation; improving global biodiversity databases by making the submission of spatially explicit data mandatory for scientific publications; developing a global spatial database on threats to biodiversity to facilitate IUCN Red List assessments; automating preassessments by integrating distribution data and spatial threat data; building capacity in taxonomy, ecology, and biodiversity monitoring in countries with high species richness or endemism; creating species monitoring programs for lesser‐known taxa; and developing sufficient funding mechanisms to reduce reliance on voluntary efforts. Implementing these strategies in the post‐2020 biodiversity framework will help to overcome the lack of capacity and data regarding the conservation status of biodiversity. This will require a collaborative effort among scientists, policy makers, and conservation practitioners.
Optimisation of organic solvent–pH buffer solutions to improve the photochromic performance of plant‐derived 3‐deoxyanthocyanidin dye
Authors: Tasaki Kumiko , Kohno Yoshiumi , Shibata Masashi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlant‐derived 3‐deoxyanthocyanidins are photochromic materials that are coloured under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and decoloured under light‐shielded storage. In this study, the optimised solvent composition is investigated to enhance the photochromic performance of luteolinidin, a 3‐deoxyanthocyanidin derivative. The visible absorbance ratio between the solution after UV irradiation and after storage in the dark, an index of photochromic performance, was found to be affected by the pH of the solution, and the value reached a maximum when the pH of the solution was 5.7. The type of organic solvent, which is necessary to dissolve luteolinidin, also affected the photochromic performance. When diethylene glycol or dipropylene glycol was used, the value of the absorbance ratio was especially large. Furthermore, this optimised solvent composition displayed excellent photochromic properties with an extract from the sorghum grain shell containing a large amount of 3‐deoxyanthocyanins.
Should we wait 3 months for a repeat aspiration in non‐diagnostic/indeterminate thyroid nodules? A cancer centre experience
Authors: Valerio Ediel , Pastorello Ricardo Garcia , Calsavara Vinicius , Porfírio Mônica Modesto , Engelman Gustavo Gonçalves , Francisco Dalcin José , Bovolim Graziele , Domingos Tábata , De Brot Louise , Saieg Mauro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Bethesda System recommends repeat fine needle aspiration (rFNA) as a management option for nodules classified under the non‐diagnostic (ND) and atypia of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) categories. We evaluated the impact of an rFNA in diagnostic resolution and the role of early (≤3 months) vs delayed (more than 3 months) rFNA of nodules initially diagnosed as ND and AUS/FLUS.MethodsWe retrospectively collected all thyroid FNA performed in a 4‐year period with repeat aspiration. For cases initially signed out as ND or AUS/FLUS, diagnostic resolution was defined as a change to a Bethesda System category other than these two on rFNA. Comparison and regression models were fitted to identify the impact of time of rFNA on diagnostic resolution.ResultsIn total, 184 cases were initially assigned as ND and 143 as AUS/FLUS, with overall diagnostic resolution rates for the reassessment of these nodules calculated at 70.1% and 62.9%, respectively. For ND cases, time of rFNA was not significantly associated with diagnostic resolution (P > .05). For AUS/FLUS nodules, however, repeat aspiration performed in more than 3 months after the initial diagnosis was 2.5 times more likely to achieve a resolution in diagnosis than early rFNA (P = .024).ConclusionsRepeat aspiration of ND and AUS/FLUS nodules helped define diagnosis for the majority of cases, being highly effective in determining correct patient management. For AUS/FLUS nodules, repeat aspiration performed more than 3 months after the initial diagnosis was associated with a higher diagnostic resolution.
Use of a novel prescribing approach for the treatment of opioid use disorder: Buprenorphine/naloxone micro‐dosing – a case series
Authors: Brar Rupinder , Fairbairn Nadia , Sutherland Christy , Nolan Seonaid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsBuprenorphine/naloxone is an evidence‐based treatment for opioid use disorder, but an identified limitation is the period of required opioid abstinence prior to induction on the medication. ‘Micro‐dosing’, or using incrementally increasing doses of buprenorphine/naloxone over time, may be a way to overcome this challenge as it can be done in parallel with the ongoing use of other opioids (either illicit or prescribed).Design and MethodsA retrospective case series (January to December 2018) was completed of seven participants who underwent buprenorphine/naloxone induction using micro‐dosing at two outpatient addiction clinics in Vancouver, Canada.ResultsSeven participants completed a 7‐day buprenorphine/naloxone micro‐dosing protocol. Prior to and during the induction, one participant was prescribed methadone, three were prescribed slow release oral morphine and three used only illicit fentanyl. Participants were prescribed sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone: 0.5 mg once daily (day 1), 0.5 mg twice daily (BID; day 2), 1 mg BID (day 3), 2 mg BID (day 4), 3 mg BID (day 5), 4 mg BID (day 6) and 12 mg once daily (day 7). On day 7, all prescribed or illicit full opioid agonists were discontinued. Buprenorphine/naloxone was subsequently titrated to a daily dose of between 12 and 32 mg. All patients reported success with buprenorphine/naloxone induction with no precipitated withdrawal.Discussion and ConclusionsBuprenorphine/naloxone micro‐dosing may offer a promising alternative approach for successful induction for individuals with opioid use disorder who desire treatment with buprenorphine/naloxone, and further research to determine effectiveness is warranted.
A systematic review of reasons for abstinence from alcohol reported by lifelong abstainers, current abstainers and former problem‐drinkers
Authors: Rosansky Joseph A. , Rosenberg Harold 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIssuesNumerous studies have been conducted to assess non‐drinkers' reported reasons for abstinence, and this review summarises and compares the reasons for abstinence reported by lifelong abstainers, current abstainers and former problem‐drinkers.ApproachBased on a search of four computerised databases, we identified 31 relevant studies, each of which included a sample of at least 20 individuals who had been abstinent from alcohol for at least 14 days and reported a numerical summary of participants' self‐reported reasons for not drinking. To identify the most salient reasons for abstinence among each group of abstainers, we calculated a z‐score to represent the level of endorsement of each reason in each investigation, assigned listed reasons to one of 13 categories, and calculated average z‐scores (weighted by study quality ratings) for each of the categories.Key FindingsHaving no interest in drinking and disliking the effects of alcohol were the most salient categories of reasons for lifelong abstainers; having no interest in drinking and health reasons were the most salient categories of reasons for current abstainers; and health reasons was the most salient category of reasons for former problem‐drinkers.Implications and ConclusionsUnderstanding the reasons that motivate abstinence from alcohol may help refine theoretical explanations of drinking and abstinence. In addition, understanding the reasons that lifelong abstainers report for not beginning to drink, and that current abstainers and former problem‐drinkers report for no longer drinking, may help inform interventions designed either to delay the initiation of alcohol use or help individuals stop drinking.
Dermatofluoroscopy diagnostics in different pigmented skin lesions: Strengths and weaknesses
Authors: Hofmann Maja Ann , Keim Ulrike , Jagoda Agata , Forschner Andrea , Fink Christine , Spänkuch Iris , Tampouri Ioanna , Eigentler Thomas , Weide Benjamin , Haenssle Holger A. , Garbe Claus 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe melanin fluorescence of skin lesions is measurable with two‐photon excitation, a process termed dermatofluoroscopy, which has shown a shift from the green spectra in benign melanocytic lesions to the red spectra in melanoma. This study addressed the question as to which kind of pigmented lesions can be correctly diagnosed as melanin‐bearing malignant tumors.Methods476 pigmented lesions including 101 cutaneous melanomas were analyzed with dermatofluoroscopy, measuring the melanin fluorescence in a grid‐like fashion with a separation of measurement points of 0.2 mm. The results of the dermatofluoroscopy are presented as a diagnostic score with a cut‐off score of ≥ 28 for the diagnosis of melanin‐bearing malignant tumors, and were compared to the gold standard of histopathology.ResultsA highly significant difference (p < 0.0001) between the diagnostic scores of different skin tumors was found. Dermatofluoroscopy scores showed the highest sensitivity for melanomas (92.1 %). Interestingly, most pigmented basal cell carcinomas (BCCs, 88.9 %) were diagnosed as melanin‐bearing malignant tumors. A higher sensitivity for the correct diagnosis was observed in older patients (≥ 53 years, p = 0.003), in patients with skin tanning (p = 0.025), and in patients with freckles during childhood (p = 0.046).ConclusionsTwo‐photon fluorescence is an innovative technique for the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions, and shows a high sensitivity for detection of melanomas and pigmented BCCs.
The risks of using molecular biodiversity data for incidental detection of species of concern
Authors: Darling John A. , Pochon Xavier , Abbott Cathryn L. , Inglis Graeme J. , Zaiko Anastasija 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIncidental detection of species of concern (e.g., invasive species, pathogens, threatened and endangered species) during biodiversity assessments based on high‐throughput DNA sequencing holds significant risks in the absence of rigorous, fit‐for‐purpose data quality and reporting standards. Molecular biodiversity data are predominantly collected for ecological studies and thus are generated to common quality assurance standards. However, the detection of certain species of concern in these data would likely elicit interest from end users working in biosecurity or other surveillance contexts (e.g., pathogen detection in health‐related fields), for which more stringent quality control standards are essential to ensure that data are suitable for informing decision‐making and can withstand legal or political challenges. We suggest here that data quality and reporting criteria are urgently needed to enable clear identification of those studies that may be appropriately applied to surveillance contexts. In the interim, more pointed disclaimers on uncertainties associated with the detection and identification of species of concern may be warranted in published studies. This is not only to ensure the utility of molecular biodiversity data for consumers, but also to protect data generators from uncritical and potentially ill‐advised application of their science in decision‐making.
Evidence base for early intervention in psychosis services in rural areas: A critical review
Authors: Pipkin Alastair 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimEarly Intervention in Psychosis teams (EITs) are a growing entity internationally, yet they remain under‐researched given challenges facing their delivery. Model adaptations include stand‐alone services, a hub‐and‐spoke model with various bases and integrating specialist staff into existing mental health teams. The present critical review focuses on reviewing the evidence base for the delivery of EITs in rural areas, first pertaining to evidence for model adherence and second to clinically outcomes.MethodA systematic literature search was undertaken, finding 53 papers of interest. Nine papers met the inclusion criteria. A critical appraisal tool was used to consider the quality of the evidence and a narrative review of their findings is presented.ResultsThe five studies reporting clinical outcomes of rural EITs demonstrate positive outcomes of a hub‐and‐spoke and stand‐alone EIT on reducing hospital admissions, psychotic symptoms and improving quality of life. One study directly comparing hub‐and‐spoke to stand‐alone EIT found that hub‐and‐spoke EIT had more positive outcomes than a stand‐alone service. Of the studies attempting to promote adherence to EIT model in rural areas, services show low overall adherence and report issues pertaining to funding and managerial support for practical barriers to implementation.ConclusionsEIT services in rural areas may show similar positive outcomes to urban areas and adaptations to suit rural populations appear acceptable, such as using a hub‐and‐spoke model, though further research is required. Adherence to EIT service models in rural areas may be limited and training programmes to promote adherence benefit from managerial and financial support.
Valve surgery for infective endocarditis complicated by stroke: surgical timing and perioperative neurological complications
Authors: Zhang L. Q. , Cho S.‐M. , Rice C. J. , Khoury J. , Marquardt R. J. , Buletko A. B. , Hardman J. , Wisco D. , Uchino K. 
Published: July 2020

Background and purposeIschaemic and hemorrhagic strokes are dreaded complications of infective endocarditis (IE). The timing of valve surgery for IE patients with stroke remains uncertain. The aim was to study perioperative neurological complications in relation to surgical timing.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of patients diagnosed with acute IE from January 2010 to December 2016. Early surgery was defined as valve surgery within 14 days of IE diagnosis, and late surgery as after 14 days. Neurological complications that occurred within 14 days post‐surgery were considered perioperative and classified as new ischaemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke, expansion of an existing intracranial hemorrhage and new‐onset seizures. Perioperative neurological complications were compared by surgical timing and other variables, including pre‐surgical imaging.ResultsOverall, 183 patients underwent valve surgery: 92 had early surgery at a median of 8 days (interquartile range 6–11); 91 had late surgery at a median of 28 days (interquartile range 19–50). Twenty patients (10.9%) had 24 complications: 11 ischaemic, six intraparenchymal hemorrhages, three subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs) and four new‐onset seizures. Rates of neurological complications were similar for early and late surgery groups (10.9% vs. 11%). Enterococcal IE was more common amongst patients with perioperative neurological complications (35% vs. 12.3%, P < 0.01). An acute infarct was present on pre‐surgical magnetic resonance imaging of 134 patients (74%) and was not associated with perioperative neurological complications. Thirty‐five patients (19.3%) had intracranial hemorrhage on pre‐surgical imaging. SAH on pre‐surgical imaging was associated with developing SAH perioperatively (66.7% vs. 13.5%, P < 0.01).ConclusionEarly valve surgery for patients with IE complicated by stroke was not associated with perioperative neurological complications.
Social paper wasp (Agelaia pallipes) predates songbird nestling
Authors: Frankhuizen Sjoerd , Esteves Lopes Leonardo , C. R. Cunha Filipe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe social paper waspAgelaia pallipesis known to eat carrion and scavenge on vertebrates. There are few records of wasps predating vertebrates, including an attack on an adult hummingbird and the predation of bird nestlings. During a project monitoring reproductive behaviour of a neotropical songbird, the Lined SeedeaterSporophila lineolain south‐eastern Brazil, we recorded the predation of a four‐day‐old nestling by a social paper wasp. In the video, the adult female bird attempted to visit the nest prior to the predation. The male could be seen with its crest feathers erect after a wasp left the nest, when the nestling was presumably already dead. When we arrived at the nest to remove the camera, we found the nestling dead, and did not observe the parents in the vicinity. We also registered two other dead nestlings in a different nest with similar wounds. However, the conclusive cause of death of those nestlings is unknown. Nest predation is a major selective pressure in birds, and insects are rarely assumed to play a notable role in this process. Further research is needed to better understand the nature of the relationship between wasps and birds.
Socio‐eco‐evolutionary dynamics in cities
Authors: Des Roches Simone , Brans Kristien I. , Lambert Max R. , Rivkin L. Ruth , Savage Amy Marie , Schell Christopher J. , Correa Cristian , De Meester Luc , Diamond Sarah E. , Grimm Nancy B. , Harris Nyeema C. , Govaert Lynn , Hendry Andrew P. , Johnson Marc T. J. , Munshi‐South Jason , Palkovacs Eric P. , Szulkin Marta , Urban Mark C. , Verrelli Brian C. , Alberti Marina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCities are uniquely complex systems regulated by interactions and feedbacks between nature and human society. Characteristics of human society—including culture, economics, technology and politics—underlie social patterns and activity, creating a heterogeneous environment that can influence and be influenced by both ecological and evolutionary processes. Increasing research on urban ecology and evolutionary biology has coincided with growing interest in eco‐evolutionary dynamics, which encompasses the interactions and reciprocal feedbacks between evolution and ecology. Research on both urban evolutionary biology and eco‐evolutionary dynamics frequently focuses on contemporary evolution of species that have potentially substantial ecological—and even social—significance. Still, little work fully integrates urban evolutionary biology and eco‐evolutionary dynamics, and rarely do researchers in either of these fields fully consider the role of human social patterns and processes. Because cities are fundamentally regulated by human activities, are inherently interconnected and are frequently undergoing social and economic transformation, they represent an opportunity for ecologists and evolutionary biologists to study urban “socio‐eco‐evolutionary dynamics.” Through this new framework, we encourage researchers of urban ecology and evolution to fully integrate human social drivers and feedbacks to increase understanding and conservation of ecosystems, their functions and their contributions to people within and outside cities.
pH sensing in skin tumors: Methods to study the involvement of GPCRs, acid‐sensing ion channels and transient receptor potential vanilloid channels
Authors: Stolwijk Judith A. , Sauer Lisa , Ackermann Kirsten , Nassios Anaïs , Aung Thiha , Haerteis Silke , Bäumner Antje J. , Wegener Joachim , Schreml Stephan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSolid tumors exhibit an inversed pH gradient with increased intracellular pH (pHi) and decreased extracellular pH (pHe). This inside‐out pH gradient is generated via sodium/hydrogen antiporter 1, vacuolar‐type H + ATPases, monocarboxylate transporters, (bi)carbonate (co)transporters and carboanhydrases. Our knowledge on how pHe‐signals are sensed and what the respective receptors induce inside cells is scarce. Some pH‐sensitive receptors (GPR4, GPR65/TDAG8, GPR68/OGR1, GPR132/G2A, possibly GPR31 and GPR151) and ion channels (acid‐sensing ion channels ASICs, transient receptor potential vanilloid receptors TRPVs) transduce signals inside cells. As little is known on the expression and function of these pH sensors, we used immunostainings to study tissue samples from common and rare skin cancers. Our current and future work is directed towards investigating the impact of all the pH‐sensing receptors in different skin tumors using cell culture techniques with selective knockdown/knockout (siRNA/CRISPR‐Cas9). To study cell migration and proliferation, novel impedance‐based wound healing assays have been developed and are used. The field of pH sensing in tumors and wounds holds great promise for the development of pH‐targeting therapies, either against pH regulators or sensors to inhibit cell proliferation and migration.