bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term seizure recurrence after eclampsia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Barber Zoe E. , Dobbs Thomas D. , Gibson John A.G. , Latibeaudiere Monique , Robb Amy O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeizure recurrence after a fit has implications for both individuals and healthcare providers guiding neurologic prognosis, treatment, and driving and work restrictions. A systematic review of long‐term seizure recurrence after eclampsia will help to quantify recurrence risk in this setting.ObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term recurrence of seizures after eclampsia.Search strategyAfter PROSPERO registration, Medline (Ovid), Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched by using the terms (eclampsia OR eclamp* OR eclamptic seizure* OR eclamptic fit*) AND (recur* OR recurrent fit* OR recurrent seizure*) for studies published up until December 2019.Selection criteriaStudies describing long‐term seizure recurrence after a diagnosis of eclampsia were included.Data collection and analysisData were extracted from studies independently by two authors. Pooled prevalence was calculated and weighted based on sample size with a 95% confidence interval (CI).Main resultsInitially, 1754 unique studies were identified and 4 were included in the final analysis. The studies involved 1896 women, of whom 7 (0.37%) were affected by a further seizure. The weighted pooled prevalence of seizure recurrence was 0.18% (95% CI, 0.03–1.02).ConclusionThe absolute rate of long‐term seizure recurrence after eclampsia is extremely low and within safe limits for driving.
The role of the microbiome and the NLRP3 inflammasome in the gut and lung
Authors: Donovan Chantal , Liu Gang , Shen Sj , Marshall Jacqueline E , Kim Richard Y , Alemao Charlotte A , Budden Kurtis F , Choi Jaesung P , Kohonen-Corish Maija , El-Omar Emad M , Yang Ian A , Hansbro Philip M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, is one of the most well-characterized inflammasomes, activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, including from commensal or pathogenic bacterial and viral infections. The NLRP3 inflammasome promotes inflammatory cell recruitment and regulates immune responses in tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract and the lung, and is involved in many diseases that affect the gut and lung. Recently, the microbiome in the gut and the lung, and the crosstalk between these organs (gut–lung axis), has been identified as a potential mechanism that may influence disease in a bidirectional manner. In this review, we focus on themes presented in this area at the 2019 World Congress on Inflammation. We discuss recent evidence on how the microbiome can affect NLRP3 inflammasome responses in the gut and lung, the role of this inflammasome in regulating gut and lung inflammation in disease, and its potential role in the gut–lung axis. We highlight the exponential increase in our understanding of the NLRP3 inflammasome due to the synthesis of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, MCC950, and propose future studies that may further elucidate the roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in gut and lung diseases.
The Effects of Polyvictimization on Mental and Physical Health Outcomes in an LGBTQ Sample
Authors: Kassing Francesca , Casanova Tracy , Griffin James A. , Wood Elizabeth , Stepleman Lara M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) individuals are at elevated risk for violent victimization and often experience increased health disparities compared to their non‐LGBTQ counterparts. The present study examined associations between polyvictimization and mental and physical health in an LGBTQ sample. Participants included 385 LGBTQ individuals involved in a larger health‐needs assessment of LGBTQ individuals living in the southeastern United States. The sample primarily identified as gay/lesbian (63.4%), cisgender (78.7%), and White (66.5%), and the mean participant age was 34.82 years (SD = 13.45). A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted on seven items assessing different types of violence exposure. The LCA identified a three‐class model, with classes characterized by low trauma exposure (71.4%), nondiscriminatory violence (15.1%), and high trauma exposure (13.5%). Differences in demographic characteristics, perceptions of mental and physical health, and diagnoses of specific health conditions were assessed across classes. The high‐trauma class reported poorer perceived physical and mental health compared to the other two classes, with mean differences in past‐month poor health days ranging from 11.38 to 17.37. There were no differences between the classes regarding specific physical health conditions; however, the high‐trauma and nondiscriminatory violence classes had significantly higher rates of anxiety, depression, drug abuse, and suicidality than the low‐trauma class, ORs = 2.39–23.83. The present findings suggest that polyvictimization is an important risk factor for poor health among LGBTQ individuals. These results have implications for addressing health disparities among the broader LGBTQ community.
A Randomized Trial of Modified Prolonged Exposure to Prevent the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Patients Hospitalized With Traumatic Injuries
Authors: Larsen Sadie E. , Hunt Joshua C. , Geier Tim , Heyrman Katelyn , Schumann Nicholas , Brandolino Amber , Timmer‐Murillo Sydney , Bergner Carisa , Larson Christine , deRoon‐Cassini Terri A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIndividuals who require hospitalization after traumatic injuries are at increased risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, few early behavioral interventions have been effective at preventing PTSD within this population. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of modified prolonged exposure therapy (mPE) to prevent PTSD and depression symptoms among patients hospitalized after a DSM‐5 single‐incident trauma. Hospitalized patients were eligible if they screened positive for PTSD risk. Participants (N = 74) were randomly assigned in a parallel‐groups design to receive mPE (n = 38) or standard of care treatment (SoC; n = 36) while admitted to the hospital after a traumatic injury. Individuals randomized to the intervention condition received one (42.1%), two (36.8%), or three sessions (15.8%) of mPE, mainly depending on length of stay. There were no significant differences between groups regarding PTSD or depression severity at 1‐ or 3‐months posttrauma, except for more PTSD diagnoses in the intervention group after 1 month, ϕ = −.326. Intervention differences were nonsignificant when we took baseline PTSD symptoms and the nonindependence of the repeated measurements within the data into account. No adverse events were reported. Overall, mPE was no more effective than SoC for hospitalized, traumatic injury survivors with a high PTSD risk. The results may point to a need for a stepped‐care approach, where intervention protocols focus on first briefly treating individuals who are actively exhibiting acute stress reactions, then extensively treating those whose symptoms do not decrease over time.
Desalination of Seawater Using Cationic Poly(acrylamide) Hydrogels and Mechanical Forces for Separation
Authors: Fengler Christian , Arens Lukas , Horn Harald , Wilhelm Manfred 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, the ability of cationic poly(acrylamide‐co‐(3‐acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride) hydrogels to desalinate seawater is explored, where the salt separation is based on the partial rejection of mobile salt ions by the fixed charges along the polymer backbone. Water absorbency measurements reveal that artificial seawater‐containing divalent ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, and SO42−) drastically decrease the swelling capacity of previously employed anionic poly(acrylic acid‐co‐sodium acrylate) hydrogels, whereas no influence on the swelling behavior of the synthesized cationic hydrogels is found. The swelling behavior and mechanical properties are studied by varying the degree of crosslinking and degree of ionization systematically in the range of 1–5 and 25–75 mol%, respectively. Finally, artificial seawater (csea = 0.171 mol L−1) is desalinated in a custom‐built press setup with an estimated efficiency of Em³ = 17.6 kWh m−³ by applying an external pressure on the swollen hydrogels.
Comparison of the outcomes between free anteromedial thigh flap and anterolateral thigh flap in head and neck cancer reconstruction: Analysis of propensity‐score‐matched patient cohorts
Authors: Moltedo Nicolas Flores , Wu Shao‐Chun , Lin Cen‐Hung , Yang Johnson Chia‐Shen , Kuo Spencer C. H. , Chien Peng‐Chen , Hsieh Hsiao‐Yun , Hsieh Ching‐Hua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a workhorse flap in head and neck cancer reconstruction. The anteromedial thigh (AMT) flap was developed as a rescue or alternative flap whenever the ALT flap is not available; however, the harvest of AMT flap seems to be more challenging in the sense that perforators have multiple variations. This study was designed to compare the outcome of the AMT and ALT flaps in head and neck cancer reconstruction.MethodsA total of 1,547 ALT and 57 AMT flaps were used for head and neck cancer reconstruction between March 1, 2008 and February 28, 2017. Differences in patient and operative characteristics were compared between the patients undergoing AMT and ALT flap reconstruction. The primary outcome of the free flap was its survival or failure, while the second outcome was the associated complications.ResultsCompared to those who had ALT flap reconstruction, the patients who underwent AMT flap reconstruction had a higher rate of conditions that required reconstruction after previous cancer ablation and recurrence but a lower rate of primary cancer and deeply located cancer. Analysis of the 40 well‐balanced pairs of propensity‐score‐matched patient cohorts revealed that the AMT flaps were associated with a significantly higher failure rate than the ALT flaps (15.0 vs. 0.0%, respectively; p = .026).ConclusionThis study revealed that AMT flaps were associated with a significantly higher failure rate than ALT flaps in head and neck cancer reconstruction in the cohort of total patients and the propensity‐score‐matched cohorts.
Experimental study on a novel replaceable yielding‐based energy dissipater for rocking and seesaw buildings
Authors: Kherad Soroush , Hosseini Mahmood , Motamedi Mehrtash 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe use of energy dissipaters for creation of earthquake‐resilient buildings has been paid more and more attention in recent years, and some newly developed structural fuses or dampers have been proposed to be employed in rocking and seesaw buildings. In this study, a new type of yielding‐based dampers, called curved‐yielding‐plates energy dissipater (CYPED), is introduced. CYPEDs are installed at the bottom of rocking or seesaw building's circumferential columns at the lowest story and have hysteretic behavior in their deformation occurring in vertical direction. The initial curvature of the yielding plates prevents them from buckling and gives the device a smooth force–deformation behavior. First, by performing a set of cyclic tests on three specimens of CYPED, their hysteretic force–displacement behavior was investigated. Then, to show the efficiency of this energy dissipating device in reducing the seismic response of buildings, they were employed numerically as multilinear plastic springs in the computer models of a sample seesaw steel building, and a series of nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA) were performed on both seesaw building and its conventional counterpart. Results of NLTHA show that the proposed seesaw structural system equipped with appropriate CYPEDs not only gives the building a longer natural period, leading to lower seismic demand, but also leads to remarkable energy dissipation capacity in the building structure at base level and, therefore, keeping the seismic drifts in elastic range in all stories of the building. In this way, the building structure does not need any major repair work, even after a large earthquake, while the conventional building suffers from heavy damage and is not usable after the earthquake.
Assessing instructional quality in science in the era of ambitious reforms: A pilot study
Authors: Tekkumru‐Kisa Miray , Preston Courtney , Kisa Zahid , Oz Elif , Morgan Jennifer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent instructional reforms in science education bring a new vision that aims to move science teaching away from a focus on discrete facts covered at a superficial level to a focus on a smaller number of disciplinary core ideas that can be explored in depth. The success of these reforms depends on the instructional quality in science classrooms. Our goal in this paper is to introduce an instructional quality assessment tool that can provide a window into the extent to which students learn science through rigorous opportunities as envisioned in these reforms. We present the conceptual grounding of the tool and its development process with findings from a pilot test. Data collection involved in‐class assignments, students' work, and video‐records from nine science teachers' classrooms at a local school. The analysis revealed that the instructional quality assessment tool can reliably capture the variation in rigor in science classrooms. Specifically, the tool has the potential to assess elements of ambitious science teaching focusing on the rigor of tasks and talk that shape students' high‐level thinking and sensemaking in science classrooms. The article concludes by discussing future directions for the further development of this tool and the ways in which it can be used for instructional improvement and teacher learning.
Contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic environment: Occurrence, monitoring, fate, and risk assessment
Authors: Tang Yankui , Zhong Yaxuan , Li Huilan , Huang Yiting , Guo Xinye , Yang Fan , Wu Yu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present work provides a review focusing on contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic environment, with an emphasis on their occurrence, monitoring, fate, and risk assessment in the research published in the scientific literature in 2019. Several studies revealed that these organic contaminants were detected in many water bodies and suspect, nontarget, and target screening provided an efficient detection for the co‐existing organic substances with complex components. Wastewater resource recovery facilities were concurrently considered as a central source, and several specific chemicals have been found to be used as chemical markers to track the source of CECs in some urban watersheds. Reliable monitoring, reliable fate/toxicity assessment, and effective removal that consider CECs as a heterogeneous group rather than single substances will be the challenges for the research community in the future.
Determination of radial pressure distribution on the wall of the press channel of a novel biomass single die pelletiser
Authors: Trinh Quyen V. , Nagy Sándor , Faitli József , Csőke Barnabás 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPressure is an important process parameter that greatly influences the density of biomass pellets. The positive number of Poisson’s ratio of biomasses makes pelletising possible in ring die and flat die types of pelletisers, because as a consequence of the longitudinal direction of load, the material strains into the radial direction. The radial strain is obstructed by the channel wall and therefore radial pressure and wall friction occur, which supports (backs) the compression of the further sequentially loaded biomass. A novel test device consisting of a single pelletising unit and a novel sensor, a back pressure measurement disc was developed and calibrated. Pelletising experiments were carried out with a flat die pelletising machine and with the single pelletiser unit with ground post agglomerated (GPA)-spelt chaff (chaff of triticum spelta) samples. The body density and radial pressure values in different pelletising unit segments were measured. The equations introduced for dimensionless relative density and for radial pressure as a function of the relative position equations fit the measured data well.
Preparation for the next COVID-19 wave: The European Hip Society and European Knee Associates recommendations
Authors: Donell Simon T. , Thaler Martin , Budhiparama Nicolaas C. , Buttaro Martin A. , Chen Antonia F. , Diaz-Ledezma Claudio , Gomberg Bruce , Hirschmann Michael T. , Karachalios Theofilos , Karpukhin Alexey , Sandiford Nemandra Amir , Shao Hongyi , Tandogan Reha , Violante Bruno , Zagra Luigi , Kort Nanne P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To plan for the continuance of elective hip and knee arthroplasty during a resurgence or new wave of COVID-19 infections.

Method
A systematic review was conducted using the terms “COVID-19” or “SARS-Cov-2” and “second wave”. No relevant citations were found to inform on recommendations the plan. Therefore, an expert panel of the European Hip Society and the European Knee Associates was formed to provide the recommendations.

Results
Overall, the recommendations consider three phases; review of the first wave, preparation for the next wave, and during the next wave. International and national policies will drive most of the management. The recommendations focus on the preparation phase and, in particular, the actions that the individual surgeon needs to undertake to continue with, and practice, elective arthroplasty during the next wave, as well as planning their personal and their family’s lives. The recommendations expect rigorous data collection during the next wave, so that a cycle of continuous improvement is created to take account of any future waves.

Conclusions
The recommendations for planning to continue elective hip and knee arthroplasty during a new phase of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic provide a framework to reduce the risk of a complete shutdown of elective surgery. This involves engaging with hospital managers and other specialities in the planning process. Individuals have responsibilities to themselves, their colleagues, and their families, beyond the actual delivery of elective arthroplasty.
Indenting soft samples (hydrogels and cells) with cantilevers possessing various shapes of probing tip
Authors: Zemła Joanna , Bobrowska Justyna , Kubiak Andrzej , Zieliński Tomasz , Pabijan Joanna , Pogoda Katarzyna , Bobrowski Piotr , Lekka Małgorzata 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe identification of cancer-related changes in cells and tissues based on the measurements of elastic properties using atomic force microscopy (AFM) seems to be approaching clinical application. Several limiting aspects have already been discussed; however, still, no data have shown how specific AFM probe geometries are related to the biomechanical evaluation of cancer cells. Here, we analyze and compare the nanomechanical results of mechanically homogenous polyacrylamide gels and heterogeneous bladder cancer cells measured using AFM probes of various tip geometry, including symmetric and non-symmetric pyramids and a sphere. Our observations show large modulus variability aligned with both types of AFM probes used and with the internal structure of the cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate that it is possible to differentiate between compliant and rigid samples of kPa elasticity; however, simultaneously, they highlight the strong need for standardized protocols for AFM-based elasticity measurements if applied in clinical practice including the use of a single type of AFM cantilever.
False positive PSMA PET for tumor remnants in the irradiated prostate and other interpretation pitfalls in a prospective multi-center trial
Authors: Fendler Wolfgang P. , Calais Jeremie , Eiber Matthias , Simko Jeffrey P. , Kurhanewicz John , Santos Romelyn Delos , Feng Felix Y. , Reiter Robert E. , Rettig Matthew B. , Nickols Nicholas G. , Kishan Amar U. ,   PSMA PET Reader Group, Shozo Okamoto , Emmett Louise , Zacho Helle D. , Ilhan Harun , Rischpler Christoph , Wetter Axel , Schoder Heiko , Burger Irene A. , Slavik Roger , Carroll Peter R. , Lawhn-Heath Courtney , Herrmann Ken , Czernin Johannes , Hope Thomas A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Readers need to be informed about potential pitfalls of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET interpretation.

Methods
Here we report [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET findings discordant with the histopathology/composite reference standard in a recently published prospective trial on 635 patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.

Results
Consensus reads were false positive in 20 regions of 17/217 (8%) patients with lesion validation. Majority of the false positive interpretations (13 of 20, 65%) occurred in the context of suspected prostate (bed) relapse (T) after radiotherapy (n = 11); other false positive findings were noted for prostate bed post prostatectomy (T, n = 2), pelvic nodes (N, n = 2), or extra pelvic lesions (M, n = 5). Major sources of false positive findings were PSMA-expressing residual adenocarcinoma with marked post-radiotherapy treatment effect. False negative interpretation occurred in 8 regions of 6/79 (8%) patients with histopathology validation, including prostate (bed) (n = 5), pelvic nodes (n = 1), and extra pelvic lesions (n = 2). Lesions were missed mostly due to small metastases or adjacent bladder/urine uptake.

Conclusion
[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET at biochemical recurrence resulted in less than 10% false positive interpretations. Post-radiotherapy prostate uptake was a major source of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET false positivity. In few cases, PET correctly detects residual PSMA expression post-radiotherapy, originating however from treated, benign tissue or potentially indolent tumor remnants.

Trial registration number
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02940262 and NCT03353740.
Fingolimod and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in checkpoint-inhibitor treated cancer patients
Authors: Hasan Ali Omar , Berner Fiamma , Ackermann Christoph Jakob , Ring Sandra Stephanie , Moulin Alexandre , Müller Joachim , Markert Eva , Pop Oltin Tiberiu , Müller Stefanie , Diem Stefan , Hundsberger Thomas , Flatz Lukas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are emerging as the new standard of care for treating various metastatic cancers. It is known that effective anti-tumor immune responses are associated with a stronger presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in solid tumor tissue. Cancer patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) are often under continuous treatment with fingolimod, an immune-modulating drug that inhibits lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphatic organs. Little is known about the effect of fingolimod on ICI cancer therapy, as fingolimod may limit the number of TILs. Here we present three patients with RRMS, who developed various cancers during fingolimod treatment. Histology of all tumors consistently showed low numbers of TILs. A second biopsy taken from one of the tumors, a melanoma, revealed a significant increase of TILs after stopping fingolimod and starting pembrolizumab, indicating a surge in the number and re-invigoration of T cells. Our study suggests that fingolimod limits the number of TILs in solid tumors and may, thus, inhibit anti-cancer immune responses.