bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreign sourcing and exporting
Authors: Máñez Juan A. , Rochina‐Barrachina María E. , Sanchis Juan A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper was analysing the role of sourcing intermediate inputs internationally on export decisions and distinguishing whether intermediates are sourced from firms belonging to the same business group or from independent suppliers. To analyse firms' export decisions, we use a specification that also accounts for sunk costs and accumulated experience in export markets (i.e., export market learning). We consider that importing intermediates might have direct and indirect effects (operating through enhanced productivity) on the export participation decision. The direct effects on exporting are isolated once we control for productivity and the effects of belonging to an international group. We use a manufacturing panel data set drawn from the Spanish Survey on Business Strategies (ESEE) for the period 2006–14. Both productivity and inward or outward FDI increase the probability of exporting. Moreover, our results uncover the existence of sunk costs and export market learning, and also the relevant role played by intermediate imports in firms' export choices. Their effects act both through the (indirect) channel of enhancing firms' productivity and through a direct effect related to product upgrading, more competitive selling prices or learning from the firm's import experience.
Board of directors and export spillovers: What is the impact on extensive margins of trade?
Authors: Lööf Hans , Viklund‐Ros Ingrid 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreased export experience on the board of nonexporting firms has a causal effect on their propensity to enter foreign markets in later periods. Using a universal set of Swedish employer–employee panel data for the period 2000–14, this paper finds evidence on spillover from exporters to non‐exporting SMEs through outside board directors. The identification strategy to account for endogenous selection of external board members relies on external instruments and applications of different instrumental variable approaches, capturing also unobserved heterogeneity. Our findings are robust to controlling for export background among managers and employees, as well as firm size, human capital, total factor productivity, productivity spillovers, firm location and industry classification.
Coping with the crisis and export diversification
Authors: Abreha Kaleb Girma , Smeets Valérie , Warzynski Frédéric 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUsing a highly disaggregated firm–product–destination level data from Denmark, we analyse how Danish exporters responded to the global recession in 2008–09 and the recovery that followed. We show that firms reacted mainly by adjusting their scale of export shipments and by extending their export portfolio outside of their core products and markets. More importantly, we also find that export diversification into fast‐growing economies like China was associated with better export growth performance. Hence, trade reorientation beyond traditional market destinations accelerated export growth and as such constitutes an important mechanism for understanding the various determinants of firm heterogeneity.
Firm‐level export duration: The importance of market‐specific ownership linkages
Authors: Kostevc Črt , Zajc Kejžar Katja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of a firm's market‐specific ownership linkages and trade complementarities on different dimensions of its exporting longevity. Unlike previous studies that were mostly based on country‐product‐level data, this paper uses transaction‐level trade data on the population of firms in Slovenia in the 2002–11 period, matched with detailed origin/direction of inward/outward FDI information to determine a firm's integration in international production networks. Our results indicate that firm's bilateral inward and outward FDI flows with an export‐destination country have a strong positive effect on a firm's export survival in that market. Importance of market‐specific ownership linkages for export duration is exclusively driven by intermediate goods which suggests prolonged export duration through production network involvement. However, the perseverance effect of bilateral FDI ties on export spells has been weakened during the crisis period. We find pronounced market‐ and product‐related trade complementarities as either exporting or importing experience with the relevant market/product substantially improves the chances of a product–market export spell continuing. Finally, the risk of exports termination is lower for a firm's core export products.
Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography imaging of normal foveae: A pilot study in 17 diurnal birds of prey
Authors: Espinheira Gomes Filipe , Abou‐Madi Noha , Ledbetter Eric C. , McArt Jessica 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and to establish normative data for the foveae of diurnal birds of prey using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).MethodsAll animals (9 red‐tailed hawks, 3 Cooper's hawks, 3 American kestrels, 1 sharp‐shinned hawk, and 1 broad‐winged hawk) had an ophthalmic examination performed with slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Following ophthalmic examination, SD‐OCT was performed in each eye that had a visible fundus and normal fovea on SD‐OCT. Temporal foveae depth, central foveae depth, pecten‐temporal foveae distance, and pecten‐central foveae distance (PCFD) were measured using SD‐OCT. Differences in measured outcomes between species were determined using generalized linear mixed effects models.ResultsThe central foveae (mean ± SD) displayed a small but significant depth variation between species (P = .002) and was deepest in red‐tailed hawks (293 ± 16 µm), followed by American kestrels (260 ± 12 µm), broad‐winged hawks (256 ± 16 µm), Cooper's hawks (250 ± 9 µm), and sharp‐shinned hawks (239 ± 16 µm). The temporal foveae were shallower than the central foveae in all species tested, and there was a significant variation between species (P < .001). The temporal foveae (mean ± SD) were deepest in American kestrels (137 ± 8 µm), followed by red‐tailed hawks (129 ± 3 µm), broad‐winged hawks (59.5 ± 3.5 µm), Cooper's hawks (20.3 ± 6.4 µm), and sharp‐shinned hawks (17.5 ± 0.7 µm). Pecten‐temporal foveae distance was approximately 30% shorter than PCFD in all species. There were no differences in the parameters tested between the eyes within each species (P ≥ .47).ConclusionNormative foveae SD‐OCT data were obtained in four species of diurnal birds of prey. Further studies are warranted to provide structural and functional information regarding normal and pathologic changes that can affect the foveae.
Inorganic phosphate and lactate potentiate the pressor response to acidic stimuli in rats
Authors: Ducrocq Guillaume P. , Kaufman Marc P. 
Published: January 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the contribution of the main acidic compounds accumulated during contractions, namely H+, lactic acid and inorganic phosphate, to evoke the metabolic component of the exercise pressor reflex?
What is the main finding and its importance?
We found that the pressor response to acidic stimuli is driven by the concentration of hydrogen ions and that lactate and inorganic phosphate act as potentiating agents.
AbstractH+ ions, lactate and inorganic phosphate are produced by contracting skeletal muscles and evoke, in part, the metabolic component of the exercise pressor reflex. Owing to their disparate dissociation constants (i.e. pKa), the contribution of each acid to the muscle metaboreflex is unclear. This lack of information prompted us to determine the reflex pressor responses to injection of acidic saline, lactate (24 mm) and inorganic phosphate (86 mm) at various values of pH (from 2.66 to 7.5), alone or in combination, into the arterial supply of hindlimb skeletal muscle of decerebrate rats. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that the pressor response to an injection of a combination of lactate and phosphate at an acidic pH is greater than that evoked by injection of either phosphate or lactate alone at the same pH. We found that injection of acidic saline produced a pressor response only at a pH of 2.66 (7 ± 4 mmHg), an effect that was potentiated when the solution contained lactate (50 ± 20 mmHg). At a pH of 6.0, however, this effect was lost. At a pH of 6.0, only the injection of inorganic phosphate produced a significant pressor response (23 ± 12 mmHg). A large potentiating effect was found when lactate was added to the inorganic phosphate solution (39 ± 18 mmHg), an effect that was lost at a pH >7.0. Our findings led to the conclusion that the pressor response to injection of acidic solutions was driven by H+ ions and that inorganic phosphate and lactate functioned as sensitizing agents.
A New Approach to Generalization of Experimental Data on Heat Transfer to Fluids in Supercritical Region
Authors: Deev V. I. , Kharitonov V. S. , Baisov A. M. , Churkin A. N. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper contains the results of analysis of heat transfer regimes in the case of forced turbulent flow of water and modeling fluids in channels of various configurations at supercritical pressures. Two new complex criteria were proposed for describing heat transfer in the pseudo-phase transition region. A system of equations suitable for the engineering calculation of heat transfer in fuel assemblies of nuclear supercritical water reactors is presented. A comparison of the calculations of heat transfer coefficient (HTC) with experimental data for the regimes of normal, deteriorated and mixed heat transfer is made.
The Effect of Chemical Cleaning on Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid
Authors: Fleischer Julie C. , Diehl Jan C. , Wauben Linda S. G. L. , Dankelman Jenny 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing may be a solution to shortages of equipment and spare parts in the healthcare sector of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Polylactic acid (PLA) for 3D printing is widely available and biocompatible, but there is a gap in knowledge concerning its compatibility with chemical disinfectants. In this study, 3D-printed PLA tensile samples were created with six different printer settings. Each of these six batches consisted of five sets with five or six samples. The first set remained untreated, the others were soaked in Cidex OPA or in a chlorine solution. These were applied for seven consecutive days or in 25 short cycles. All samples were weighed before and after treatment and subjected to a tensile test. Results showed that a third of the treatments led to an increase of the median weight with a maximum of 8.3%, however, the samples with the best surface quality did not change. The median strength increase was 12.5% and the largest decrease was 8.8%. The median stiffness decreased 3.6% in one set and increased in three others up to 13.6%. When 3D printing PLA medical tools, surface porosity must be minimized to prevent transfer of disinfectants to people. The wide variability of mechanical properties due to 3D printing itself and as a consequence of disinfection must be considered when designing medical tools by selecting appropriate printer settings. If these conditions are met, reusing 3D-printed PLA medical tools seems safe from a mechanical point of view.
Individualizing Training in Swimming: Evidence for Utilizing the Critical Speed and Critical Stroke Rate Concepts
Authors: Piatrikova Eva , Willsmer Nicholas J. , Sousa Ana C. , Gonzalez Javier T. , Williams Sean 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To monitor physiological, technical, and performance responses to individualized high-intensity interval training (HIIT) prescribed using the critical speed (CS) and critical stroke rate (CSR) concepts in swimmers completing a reduced training volume program (≤30 km·wk−1) for 15 weeks. Methods: Over the 15-week period, 12 highly trained swimmers (age 16 [1] y, height 179 [8] cm, weight 66 [8] kg) completed four 3-minute all-out tests to determine CS and the finite capacity to work above CS (D′), and four 200-m tests at CS to establish a CSR estimate. Combining CS and D′, 2 HIIT sessions designed as 5 × 3-minute intervals depleting 60% of D′ and 3 × 3.5-minute intervals depleting 80% of D′ were prescribed once per week, respectively. An additional HIIT session was prescribed using CS and CSR as 10 × 150 m or 200 m at CS with 2 cycles per minute lower stroke rate than the CSR estimate. Additional monitored variables included peak speed, average speed for 150 seconds (speed150s) and 180 seconds (speed180s), competition performance and stroke length (SL), stroke count (SC), and stroke index (SI) adopted at CS. Results: At the end of the intervention, swimmers demonstrated faster CS (mean change ± 90% confidence limits: +5.4 ± 1.6%), speed150s (+2.5 ± 0.9%), speed180s (+3.0 ± 0.9%), and higher stroke rate (+6.4 ± 3.0%) and stroke index (+4.2 ± 3.6%). D′ was reduced (−25.2 ± 7.5%), whereas peak speed, SL, and SC changed only trivially. The change in the swimmers’ personal best times in the first and second main event was −1.2 ± 1.3% and −1.6 ± 0.9%, respectively. Conclusion: HIIT prescribed based on the CS and CSR concepts was associated with improvements in several physiological, technical, and performance parameters in highly trained swimmers while utilizing time- and resource-efficient approach. This was achieved despite a ≥25% reduction in training volume.
Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength Symmetry After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective Study
Authors: Harput Gulcan , Tunay Volga B. , Ithurburn Matthew P. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives: To evaluate change in involved and uninvolved quadriceps and hamstring strength and limb symmetry indices (LSI) in regular intervals over the first 6 months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Design: Prospective cohort study. Participants: Thirty-eight male participants (mean age: 24.2 [6.4] y, mean body mass index: 23.6 [4.2] kg/m2), who underwent ACLR were included. Main Outcome Measures: Isometric strength testing of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles was performed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after ACLR. Quadriceps and hamstring peak torques for each limb and LSI were calculated. Repeated-measures analysis of covariance and paired t tests were used to evaluate changes in strength over time and between limbs, respectively. Results: Quadriceps and hamstring peak torques of the involved limb consistently increased between each time point from 1 to 6 months (P < .001 and P = .01, respectively), whereas the uninvolved limb values did not change after ACLR (P > .05). In addition, uninvolved limb peak torque values were higher than involved limb values at each time point after ACLR for both the quadriceps and hamstrings (all P < .01). At 6 months after ACLR, 28.9% of participants demonstrated LSI greater than 90% for quadriceps strength, 36.8% demonstrated LSI greater than 90% for hamstring strength, and 15.8% of participants demonstrated greater than 90% LSI for both quadriceps and hamstring strength. Conclusions: Participants demonstrated a consistent increase in quadriceps and hamstring strength of the involved limb, with no notable change in uninvolved limb strength over the 6 months after ACLR. However, at 6 months after ACLR, only approximately 16% of participants demonstrated both quadriceps and hamstring strength LSI greater than 90%, the typically recommended cutoff value for return to sport.
Correlations Between Range of Motion and Elasticity of the Coracohumeral Ligament Evaluated With Shear-Wave Elastography
Authors: Kanazawa Kenji , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Sekiguchi Takuya , Fujita Ryo , Suzuki Kazuaki , Koide Masashi , Ando Akira , Yabe Yutaka 
Published: January 2020

Context:Range of motion (ROM) in the glenohumeral joint decreases with age in healthy subjects; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The process of aging of the joint capsule, including the coracohumeral ligament (CHL), could affect ROM limitation.Objective:This study investigated correlations between elasticity of the CHL, evaluated by means of shear-wave elastography, and age, side dominance, and ROM in healthy individuals.Design:Experimental study.Setting:Laboratory.Subjects:Eighty-four healthy volunteers (39 men and 45 women, mean age: 42.6 y) were included.Main Outcome Measures:Subjects were divided into 3 age groups: younger (20–39 y), middle (40–59 y), and older (≥60 y) age groups. With participants in the supine position, CHL elasticity in both shoulders was evaluated in both neutral and 30° external rotation, with arms at the sides. ROM, including forward flexion, lateral elevation, external rotation, 90° abduction with external rotation, and hand behind the back were measured with participants in the standing position.Results:The CHL elastic modulus was higher in the older group than in the younger group in the neutral (78.4 kPa [SD: 37.1] and 56.6 kPa [SD: 31.7], respectively) and 30° external rotation positions (135.5 kPa [SD: 63.5] and 71.4 kPa [SD: 32.2], respectively). Negative correlations were found between the CHL elastic modulus and ROM in terms of 30° external rotation and both external rotation (R = −.59,P = .02) and 90° abduction with external rotation (R = −.71,P = .003) in the older group, with correlation coefficients increasing with age.Conclusions:Significant correlations were identified between CHL elasticity and ROM in both external rotation and 90° abduction with external rotation with increasing age. Decreased CHL elasticity was strongly associated with decreased shoulder ROM in middle-aged and older individuals.
Combination of diabetes mellitus and lack of habitual physical activity is a risk factor for functional disability in Japanese
Authors: Fujihara Kazuya , Matsubayashi Yasuhiro , Harada Yamada Mayuko , Kitazawa Masaru , Yamamoto Masahiko , Kaneko Masanori , Kodama Satoru , Yahiro Takuya , Tsutsui Ayumu , Kato Kiminori , Sone Hirohito 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveDeclining healthy life expectancy due to functional disability is relevant and urgent because of its association with decreased quality of life and also for its enormous socioeconomic impact. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and physical activity habits on functional disability among community-dwelling Japanese adults.Research design and methodsThis is a population-based retrospective cohort study including 9673 people aged 39–98 years in Japan (4420, men). Functional disability was defined as a condition meeting Japan’s new long-term care insurance certification requirements for the need of assistance in the activities of daily living whether by caregivers or assistive devices. Cox proportional-hazards regression model identified variables related to functional disability.ResultsMedian follow-up was 3.7 years. During the study period, 165 disabilities occurred in the overall study population. Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes (HR 1.74 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.68)) and no physical activity habit (HR 1.83 (1.27 to 2.65)) presented increased risks for disability. HR for disability increased with the number of risk factors (HR of individuals with four conditions, 3.96 (1.59 to 9.99) vs individuals with none of those conditions as a reference). HR for disability among patients with diabetes with and without a physical activity habit was 1.68 (0.70 to 4.04) and 3.19 (1.79 to 5.70), respectively, compared with individuals without diabetes with a physical activity habit.ConclusionsThe combination of diabetes and lack of habitual physical activity is predictive of functional disability in Japanese. Habitual physical activity attenuates the risk of functional disability in patients with diabetes.
Broad angular anisotropy of multiple scattering in a Si crystal
Authors: Mazzolari A. , Sytov A. , Bandiera L. , Germogli G. , Romagnoni M. , Bagli E. , Guidi V. , Tikhomirov V. V. , De Salvador D. , Carturan S. , Durigello C. , Maggioni G. , Campostrini M. , Berra A. , Mascagna V. , Prest M. , Vallazza E. , Lauth W. , Klag P. , Tamisari M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe observed reduction of multiple Coulomb scattering of 855 MeV electrons within a Si crystalline plate w.r.t. an amorphous plate with the same mass thickness. The reduction owed to complete or partial suppression of the coherent part of multiple scattering in a crystal vs crystal orientation with the beam. Experimental data were collected at Mainz Mikrotron and critically compared to theoretical predictions and Monte Carlo simulations. Our results highlighted maximal 7% reduction of the r.m.s. scattering angle at certain beam alignment with the [100] crystal axes. However, partial reduction was recorded over a wide range of alignment of the electron beam with the crystal up to 15$$^{\circ }$$∘. This evidence may be relevant to refine the modelling of multiple scattering in crystals for currently used software, which is interesting for detectors in nuclear, medical, high energy physics.
Canonical interpretation of Y(10750) and $$\Upsilon (10860)$$ in the $$\Upsilon $$ family
Authors: Li Qi , Liu Ming-Sheng , Lü Qi-Fang , Gui Long-Cheng , Zhong Xian-Hui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInspired by the new resonance Y(10750), we calculate the masses and two-body OZI-allowed strong decays of the higher vector bottomonium sates within both screened and linear potential models. We discuss the possibilities of $$\Upsilon (10860)$$Υ(10860) and Y(10750) as mixed states via the $$S-D$$S-D mixing. Our results suggest that Y(10750) and $$\Upsilon (10860)$$Υ(10860) might be explained as mixed states between 5S- and 4D-wave vector $$b{\bar{b}}$$bb¯ states. The Y(10750) and $$\Upsilon (10860)$$Υ(10860) resonances may correspond to the mixed states dominated by the 4D- and 5S-wave components, respectively. The mass and the strong decay behaviors of the $$\Upsilon (11020)$$Υ(11020) resonance are consistent with the assignment of the $$\Upsilon (6S)$$Υ(6S) state in the potential models.