bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid cancer after hysterectomy and oophorectomy: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Mijin , Kim Bo Hyun , Lee Hyungi , Nam Hyewon , Park Sojeong , Jang Min Hee , Kim Jeong Mi , Kim Eun Heui , Jeon Yun Kyung , Kim Sang Soo , Kim In Joo 
Published: October 2020

Objective
Little is known about the role of estrogen in thyroid cancer development. We aimed to evaluate the association between hysterectomy or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) and the risk of subsequent thyroid cancer.

Design
A nationwide cohort study

Methods
Data from the Korea National Health Insurance Service between 2002 and 2017 were used. A total of 78 961 and 592 330 women were included in the surgery group and no surgery group, respectively. The surgery group was categorized into two groups according to the extent of surgery: hysterectomy with ovarian conservation (hysterectomy-only) and BSO with or without hysterectomy (BSO).

Results
During 8 086 396.4 person-years of follow-up, 12 959 women developed thyroid cancer. Women in the hysterectomy-only (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.7, P < 0.001) and BSO (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.4, P < 0.001) groups had increased risk of thyroid cancer compared to those in the no surgery group. In premenopausal women, hysterectomy-only (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.7, P < 0.001) or BSO (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.4, P < 0.001) increased the risk of subsequent thyroid cancer, irrespective of hormone therapy, whereas, there was no significant association between hysterectomy-only (P = 0.204) or BSO (P = 0.857) and thyroid cancer development in postmenopausal women who had undergone hormone therapy.

Conclusions
Our findings do not support the hypotheses that sudden or early gradual decline in estrogen levels is a protective factor in the development of thyroid cancer, or that exogenous estrogen is a risk factor for thyroid cancer.
Pediatric Cushing’s syndrome: greater risk of being overweight or obese after long-term remission and its predictive factors
Authors: Valdés Nuria , Tirosh Amit , Keil Meg , Stratakis Constantine A , Lodish Maya 
Published: October 2020

Objective
Due to the rarity of Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in children and adolescents, data are scarce about BMI during active disease and following remission. Therefore, our aim was to analyze BMI after long-term remission and determine predictive factors for promptly identifying patients at risk of being overweight or obese after remission for CS.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Patients
73 patients: 58 (79.4%) had Cushing disease, 40 males (58%), median age of 12 years (IQR: 9–15). The mean follow-up time was 22.4 ± 18.2 months (range: 4–98).

Methods
Main outcome measures: BMI, lipid profile, blood pressure, HOMA-IR.

Results
At diagnosis, only eight (11%) patients had a normal weight. Although the BMI z-score at the last follow-up improved (2.0 ± 0.7 to 1.0 ± 1.2, P < 0.001), 44% remained overweight or obese after 2 years of remission according to the Kaplan-Meier curves. The BMI z-scores at the last follow-up correlated only with HOMA-IR levels (r: 0.49, P = 0.027). We found two independent factors related to reaching a normal weight: BMI z-score at diagnosis (HR: 0.156, 95% CI: 0.038–0.644; P = 0.01) and BMI z-score change at 6 ± 2 months (HR: 2.980, 95% CI:1.473–6.028; P = 0.002), which had high accuracy when a cut-off of 0.5 was used for ROC analysis (AUC = 0.828 (0.67–0.97); P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Children and adolescents with CS have a high risk of being overweight or obese after successful treatment for their disease. At risk patients can be identified quickly based on their baseline BMI and initial weight loss after surgery. Efforts should focus on adopting healthy diet and lifestyle in the immediate postoperative period.
GWideCodeML: A Python Package for Testing Evolutionary Hypotheses at the Genome-Wide Level
Authors: Macías Laura G , Barrio Eladio , Toft Christina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the most widely used programs for detecting positive selection, at the molecular level, is the program codeml, which is implemented in the Phylogenetic Analysis by Maximum Likelihood (PAML) package. However, it has a limitation when it comes to genome-wide studies, as it runs on a gene-by-gene basis. Furthermore, the size of such studies will depend on the number of orthologous genes the genomes have income and these are often restricted to only account for instances where a one-to-one relationship is observed between the genomes. In this work, we present GWideCodeML, a Python package, which runs a genome-wide codeml with the option of parallelization. To maximize the number of analyzed genes, the package allows for a variable number of taxa in the alignments and will automatically prune the topology to fit each of them, before running codeml.
Evaluación basada en los Resultados de Aprendizaje: Una Experiencia en la Universidad
Authors: Astigarraga Echeverría Eugenio , Mongelos García Arantza , Carrera Farran Xavier 
Published: October 2020

Partiendo de los cambios implementados en la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación (HUHEZI) de Mondragon Unibertsitatea así como de los propiciados por el desarrollo del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), en este artículo se presenta una experiencia de innovación educativa -en cuanto a redefinición curricular, metodológica y evaluativa- desarrollada en los Grados de Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria de esta Facultad en los cursos 2017-18 (1º) y 2018-19 (1º y 2º) con una participación de 12 tutores, 40 profesores y 365 alumnos. Se fundamenta cómo, tras los cambios curricular y metodológicos habidos en la universidad, es necesario replantear el sistema de evaluación, acorde con dichas transformaciones y con las tendencias actuales de evaluación en Educación Superior. Se detalla la estrategia de evaluación diseñada a partir del perfil profesional y de las competencias a desarrollar en ambos grados y que se articula alrededor de los Resultados de Aprendizaje. Se presenta, con detalle, cómo se implementa el nuevo modelo evaluativo en cuanto a los momentos en que se lleva a cabo, los procedimientos y acciones requeridas, los agentes implicados, los instrumentos utilizados, las interacciones y feedbacks proporcionados, y los criterios evaluativos y de obtención de calificaciones establecidos. Finalmente, y sin intención de obtener generalizaciones -al tratarse de una experiencia que está en proceso de desarrollo-, se reflexiona sobre los aspectos y temáticas clave que pueden facilitar -o bien dificultar- el asentamiento y consolidación de las transformaciones que este tipo de innovación impulsan.
A New Type of Subjectivity in the Works of Dmitry Prigov
Authors: Artemenko Natalia 
Published: October 2020

The article dwells upon the issue of a subject intrinsic to the art of the 70s and 80s of the 20th century, it elicits the reasons determining the problematization of “the Self” category inherent in the aesthetic program of the Moscow Conceptualism, preeminently with regards to the works of Dmitry Prigov. “The crisis of the language describing ‘the Self’” has been considered as discrediting the dominant discursive models, disabling the possibility of individual expressing. Within the first part of the article we problematize “the Self” category inherent in the aesthetic program of the Moscow Conceptualism, examine the dominant discursive models and denote the crisis of the language describing “the Self.” The second part is devoted to the issue of “the personal consciousness” coming into being within the aesthetic program of Moscow Conceptualism. The Self is considered as a “category of categories” in dichotomy between “the collective” and “individual” ones. Finally, the third part represents the analysis of a subject of the aesthetic activity. “An imaginary personality” intrinsic to the works of Dmitry Prigov is considered as a subject of “a gnoseological game.”
Augusto Del Noce as a Critic of Postulatory Atheism
Authors: Markevičius Domantas 
Published: October 2020

In this article I seek to clarify the relation between the ideas of modernity and secularization in the thought of Augusto Del Noce, thus countering the argument that he is the ‘enemy’ of modernity and secularization. Contextualizing Del Noce’s place within the wider reflection of the problem of secularization in the 20th century European and Italian philosophy, I argue that his position on modernity and secularization cannot be squeezed into the bipolar ‘modern’ vs. ‘antimodern’ opposition, as stated by some of his critiques. I conclude that Del Noce should be regarded not as the ‘enemy’ of modernity or secularization but rather as the critic of postulatory atheism that presents itself as the inevitable outcome of the modern historical process.
Happiness and Homonymy of Life in Plotinus
Authors: Zamora Calvo José María 
Published: October 2020

This article analyses the Plotinian reconsideration of the link between the definition of happiness and the homonymy of life. To safeguard Platonism, Plotinus inverts the Aristotelian discussions of homonymy and its metaphysical implications, and presents the prior-posterior relationship in terms of progressive degradation. Happiness does not consist of “life” in general (understood in a univocal sense) nor of the “rational life” (understood as the sum of genus and specific difference); rather, it consists of the life that is situated in the ontologically first and most perfect degree, which is the life that pertains to intelligence and is consubstantial with it, and of which the other lives are progressively degraded derivations. The man who possesses the first and perfect life of the intelligible in actuality, like the gods, can be considered happy.
Primer registro del género Interocoris (Heteroptera: Naucoridae) en Centroamérica y observaciones sobre Interocoris mexicanus
Authors: Herrera Federico , Solano-Ulate Darha , Springer Monika 
Published: October 2020

Introducción: La familia Naucoridae, de distribución mundial, se encuentra dividida en cinco subfamilias, de las cuales cuatro de ellas y seis géneros han sido reportados hasta la fecha en Centroamérica. El género Interocoris (Laccocorinae) es monotípico y anteriormente sólo se había registrado en México. Objetivo: reportar el primer registro confirmado de I. mexicanus para Costa Rica y Centroamérica, así como proporcionar descripciones complementarias de los adultos, ninfa V y microhábitat asociado. Métodos: se realizó una comparación de la morfología externa (medidas y proporciones) de los ejemplares recolectados en dos localidades de Costa Rica con la información y el material tipo de I. mexicanus, recolectado en México. Resultados: A partir de la comparación morfológica se obtuvo una identificación positiva de la especie, por lo que se reporta por primera vez a I. mexicanus de Costa Rica y Centroamérica. Los especímenes recolectados coincidieron en general con las mediciones y relaciones del material tipo de I. mexicanus, con ligeras diferencias, algunas de ellas incluso reportadas para los ejemplares de la serie tipo en la descripción original. Se presentan descripciones complementarias de adultos y se describe por primera vez la morfología de la ninfa V. Conclusiones: con este nuevo registro se expande significativamente el rango del género Interocoris, así como de la especie I. mexicanus desde México a Costa Rica. Además, se aumentan a seis los géneros de Naucoridae en Costa Rica y a siete en Centroamérica.
Unless the Water is Safer Than the Land
Authors: Omrani Arjang , Razi Mehrdad 
Published: October 2020

The film based on the selection of stories about the experience of journeys, shared by its participants (minor age unaccompanied refugees) during the 3 months of fieldwork in 2013 in Cologne, Germany. What they have gone through and been faced with on the way to, or after arrival in the host countries.
The intention of the project was to reach out to the broader local audience. Therefore by applying experimental narrative forms, the film tends to express and project these experiences sensorially.
Legally Binding Relationships with Regard to Digital Objects of Civil Rights
Authors: Grin O. S. 
Published: October 2020

The paper, based on the analysis of the legal nature of new digital objects of civil rights (digital rights, digital currency), makes conclusions concerning possible models of contractual relations arising from object’s data.The author relies on the fact that in relation to the category “a digital right” an independent object can be recognized only in connection with the peculiarities of the form of the object (the form in which the property rights are fixed) rather than its content. Token is seen as a technical concept. i.e. a digital way of fixing property rights. The paper substantiates that the retributive disposal of the digital right (both as a utilitarian digital right and a digital financial asset), according to which the digital right acquirer in order to transfer the right in question undertakes to pay a certain amount of money, under the general rule, should be qualified as a contract for the sale of a digital right. At the same time, in each case this also refers to the transfers the subject matter of which covers the transfer of a separate property right as an object of civil rights (cashless money, a book-entry security, a law of obligation (claims)) classified by law as a digital right.From the author’s point of view, digital currency in the system of objects of civil rights can be qualified only as “other property” in compliance with the the sui generis principle. It is concluded that transactions with digital currency should be classified as non-defined contracts. Contractual legal relations aimed at exchanging various objects for digital currency, in cases not contrary to the law, by analogy of the law, can be regulated under the rules applied to the contract of sale, the exclusive right alienation agreement or license agreement. Based on the special provisions of the law, a legally binding relationship regulating the digital currency, provided the tax authorities are not informed about such possession and transactions with such an object, has features of a natural obligation.
Studying the History of Political and Legal Doctrines in Russian Jurisprudence in the 19th — Early 20th Century: Traditions, Directions, and Stages
Authors: Kornev A. V. 
Published: October 2020

The paper attempts to reflect the origin of a specific branch of scientific knowledge — the history of political and legal doctrines. The subject field of this science and discipline includes many problems, the main of which, no doubt, is the understanding of the phenomenon of law and the state, which are closely related to other institutions. Nevertheless, it is the state and law that ultimately determine their character. This is a kind of tradition laid down by Western legal science that was strongly influenced by pre-revolutionary jurisprudence. Russian lawyers, many of whom continued their studies at Western universities as part of the "preparation for professorship" procedure, mostly followed the approaches developed there. This concerned both ontological and epistemological aspects.The author shows the difference between political and legal doctrines of the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the century. The 1860s reforms served as a kind of impetus for their development. In addition, in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century pre-revolutionary legal science moved to a new, fundamentally different scientific level of studying political and legal institutions.There is another significant point. The problem is that, in fact, the historiography of this discipline and science has remained outside the framework of the history of political and legal doctrines. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap to some extent.The author notes that the relevance of the history of political and legal doctrines arises during a period of intense political life, when stable social groups (strata, classes) with different political, social and legal ideals are formed. This situation developed in Russia in the early 20th century.
The prevalence of hyperuricemia and its associated risk factors in patients presenting with joint pain in Karachi
Authors: Muzzammil Muhammad , Qadir Abdul , Mughal Ayesha , Effendi Jahazeb , Minhas Muhammad Saeed , Jahanzeb Syed 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> To determine the prevalence and association of hyperuricemia with genetic factors, dietary and alcohol consumption, metabolic syndrome, diuretic use and chronic renal disease in patients presenting with joint pain in the outpatient department (OPD) at a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan and to establish a significant correlation between concentration of serum creatinine and triglyceride with uric acid concentration statistically.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted on 2200 patients. The data included age, gender, occupation, genetic factors (family history), dietary and alcohol consumption, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, obesity, diuretic use and chronic renal disease. Serum uric acid concentration of 2.4-6.0 mg/dl (female) and 3.4-7.0 mg/dl (male) labelled as normal values. All participants’ serum uric acid concentration compared with serum creatinine and triglyceride concentration.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Overall prevalence of 30.1% (662 patients) hyperuricemia in patients presenting with joint pain. Majority of the patients belonged to age group 30-34 and highest average uric acid value (7.7±2.01) was found to be in the age group of 65 and above. Hyperuricemia was related to increased age (56.25%), genetic factors 159 (24.01%), dietary 370 (55.89%) and alcohol consumption 33 (4.98%), metabolic syndrome (hypertension 146 (22.05%), obesity 121 (18.27%), diuretic use 215 (32.47%) and chronic renal disease 53 (8.00%). On laboratory investigations, hyperuricemia was directly related to serum creatinine and triglyceride.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study emphasized the high prevalence of hyperuricemia in patients presenting with joint pain and it is directly proportional to the age. Increased serum uric acid levels with increasing age might be secondary to impaired renal function, use of diuretics, and hypertension as commonly seen among elderly patients. Early diagnosis, management of risk factors and treatment will prevent adverse effects on health.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Transolecranon fracture-dislocations of the elbow: a case series of 15 patients
Authors: Lemsanni Meryem , Najeb Youssef , Chafik Rachid , Madhar Mohamed , Haoury Hanane El 
Published: October 2020

<p>Transolecranon fracture-dislocations are rare, misdiagnosed, and challenging traumatic injuries. Consensually, they are managed surgically to restore a mobile, stable and painless elbow joint. <em>There</em> is a relative <em>paucity of studies</em> on this <em>subject</em> in the <em>literature. </em>The purpose of this case series was to establish the epidemiological profile and to describe clinical, radiological, therapeutic and outcome characteristics of these lesions. Between 2007 and 2016, fifteen patients with median age of 36 years (18-65 years) presented to us with transolecranon fracture-dislocations. They were treated surgically and followed regularly with a mean follow-up of 46 months. The <em>cause in</em> the majority of cases was high-energy trauma, <em>mainly traffic accidents</em> (80%). Proximal ulna fractures were comminuted in 12 patients (80%) and open in three cases (25%). Open reduction and internal fixation with 3.5 mm reconstruction plates through a posterior approach was used in all cases. During follow up, one patient (6%) had developed wound infection with skin necrosis which was successfully managed by antibiotics and controlled wound healing. Solid osseous union was confirmed for all fractures with an average of 13.5 weeks. At final follow-up, 14 patients (93%) reported excellent outcome with a mean Broberg and Morrey score (BMS) of 86.3. Although rare, transolecranon fracture-dislocations found in patients hospitalized in a high-complexity service occurred in young men who were involved in motor vehicle accidents. These injuries can be treated successfully with reconstruction plate through a posterior approach to achieve and maintain <em>anatomical reduction</em> by rigid internal fixation, which is essential for promoting early rehabilitation.</p>
A clinical study of primary cutaneous localized amyloidosis
Authors: Chapalamadugu Sahithi , Rao A. Vijaymohan 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Amyloidosis refers to abnormal extracellular tissue deposition of one of the biochemically unrelated proteins that share certain characteristic staining properties such as apple green birefringence of congo red stained preparations under polarized light. Amyloid deposition may occur in many organs of the body (systemic amyloidosis) or may be restricted to one tissue site (localized amyloidosis).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Observational study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore. In this study of 70 patients a complete history and clinical data was taken including details of presenting complaints, age, site, duration, course of the disease was recorded. Special importance was given to the friction history using different scrubs, family history and photo exposure.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 70 patients of cutaneous amyloidosis 55 patients (78.6%) were of macular amyloidosis. Male:female ratio was 1:2.3. Majority of the patients were housewives (42.8%) and 28.5% of agriculturists. Majority of the patients (40) with cutaneous amyloidosis had disease duration between 2-5 years. In 70 patients of cutaneous amyloidosis 64.3% were symptomatic. 92% patients give history of using scrub. 50% of patients had history of photo exposure. Positive family history was seen in 7 patients (10%) and most common site involved was extensor aspect of arm.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> From our study it can be concluded that cutaneous amyloidosis is more common among females, most patients are symptomatic, majority have history of using scrub and photo exposure and most common site involved is extensor aspect of arm.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Cost analysis study of antihypertensive agents available in India
Authors: Beck Rani Kumari , Kumar Ratan , Kumar Vibhakar , Kachhap Shweta 
Published: October 2020

Hypertension is a global public health problem. To decrease its morbidity and mortality it needs lifelong treatment. There is a wide range of variation in the prices of antihypertensive drugs marketed in India. Thus, a study was planned to evaluate the difference in cost of different brands of same active drug by calculating percentage variation of cost.The cost of different brands of commonly used antihypertensive drugs was sorted out by referring latest CIMS, MIMS and Drug Today. The cost of 10 dosage forms (Tablets/Capsules) in INR of each brand, cost Ratio and percentage Cost Variation were calculated.Thepercentage variation in the cost was above 100% with most of single drug therapy for hypertension and is 42 out of 69. It’s found maximum in Atenolol (12.5mg) 880%, Amlodipine (5mg) 460%, Nifidipine (30mg) 456.29% and Diltiazem (90mg) 407.02%. Among the combination therapy percentage variation in the cost was above 100% in 16 out of 26. It’s found maximum in Lisinopril+Hydrochlorothiazide (5mg+12.5mg) 926%, Telmisartan+Hydrochlorothiazide (40mg+12.5mg) 254.75%, Amlodipine+Losartan (5mg+50mg) 246.96% and Amlodipine+Enalapril (5mg+5mg) 217.20%.The average percentage price variation of the same molecules of antihypertensive drugs manufactured by different pharmaceuticals company in India is very wide. So, government, pharmaceutical company, marketing manager and prescribing doctors should think about variation of cost and do needful for providing maximum benefits to the patients receiving antihypertensive drugs.