bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Cobalt Atom Anchored Black Phosphorous Nanosheets as an Effective Cocatalyst Promotes Photocatalysis
Authors: Ren Xiaohui , Shi Li , Li Yunxiang , Song Shuang , Wang Qi , Luo Shunqin , Ren Long , Zhang Hongwei , Izumi Yasuo , Peng Xinsheng , Philo Davin , Ichihara Fumihiko , Ye Jinhua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExploring novel cocatalysts with sufficient active sites and rapid photogenerated carrier separation remains challenge for boosting photocatalytic reactions. Recently, two‐dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) has been developed and recognized to be an ideal platform for anchoring metal ions through lone pair electrons. Herein, we propose a new structure that cobalt atomically dispersed on BP nanosheets (BP−Co), and apply it as cocatalyst for photocatalytic H2 evolution and CO2 reduction under visible light (>420 nm) irradiation. Both scanning transmission electron microscope and X‐ray absorption near edge structure verified the existence of phosphorous‐coordinated Co sites. The interaction between Co and P brings greatly improvement on photocatalytic activities, and 18‐fold enhancement can be achieved on CdS when taking BP−Co as a noble‐metal‐free cocatalyst for H2 evolution, which is higher than that of Pt under the same conditions. Besides, BP−Co can also be used as an effective cocatalyst to promote photocatalytic CO2 reduction in the presence of photosensitizer [Ru(2, 2’‐bipyridy)3]Cl2 with a CO evolution rate of 88.6 μmol h−1, superior to those obtained from the state‐of‐the‐art cocatalysts. It is anticipated that the current work might provide basic understanding as well as new opportunities on 2D BP nanosheets for versatile photocatalytic reactions.
Model selection challenges with application to multivariate calibration updating methods
Authors: Gurung Anit , Kalivas John H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn important issue in multivariate calibration including model updating methods with multiple tuning parameters is selection of final models. Model updating is an adaption process where models are updated from predicting in primary sample and measurement conditions to predict the analyte in new secondary conditions. A single process to select models (tuning parameter values) with satisfactory bias–variance trade‐offs across multiple data sets and modeling methods is challenging. This paper reports on evaluating the consistency of a collection of model quality measures to select models across five near‐infrared (NIR) data sets for three calibration updating approaches. The goal is to formulate a reliable model selection process that is nearly data and model updating method independent. Two of the three model updating approaches require primary and secondary analyte reference values, and the third only needs primary reference values (unlabeled relative to secondary). However, all model selection methods considered do require secondary samples with reference values. It is found that which evaluated model quality measure to use depends on the degree of spectral similarity between primary and secondary spectra as characterized by the indicator of spectral uniqueness measure developed in this paper. From the results presented, more work is needed to better characterize model selection dependency on model quality measures, number of samples and respective inherent compositions (data set‐dependent matrix effects), and tuning parameter ranges.
A Systematic Study of Coumarin–Tetrazine Light‐Up Probes for Bioorthogonal Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Galeta Juraj , Dzijak Rastislav , Obořil Jan , Dračínský Martin , Vrabel Milan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFluorescent probes that light‐up upon reaction with complementary bioorthogonal reagents are superior tools for no‐wash fluorogenic bioimaging applications. In this work, a thorough study is presented on a set of seventeen structurally diverse coumarin–tetrazine probes that produce fluorescent dyes with exceptional turn‐on ratios when reacted with trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) and bicyclononyne (BCN) dienophiles. In general, formation of the fully aromatic pyridazine‐containing dyes resulting from the reaction with BCN was found superior in terms of fluorogenicity. However, evaluation of the probes in cellular imaging experiments revealed that other factors, such as reaction kinetics and good cell permeability, prevail over the fluorescence turn‐on properties. The best compound identified in this study showed excellent performance in live cell‐labeling experiments and enabled no‐wash fluorogenic imaging on a timescale of seconds.
DDoS detection based on graph structure features and non‐negative matrix factorization
Authors: Jing Hengchang , Wang Jian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDistributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are the most common and harmful attack in the field of network security, the purpose of this paper is to predict the occurrence of DDoS attacks quickly, accurately and effectively. In this paper, the characteristics of DDoS attacks are analyzed in detail, graph model is used to express the structural characteristics of traffic data between the victims and bots, at the same time, considering data characteristics of traffic itself, 11 characteristics are selected at last. The method of nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is adopted to mine the behavior pattern of DDoS attacks, and then the DDoS bots is detected by clustering according to the projection value of nodes on the behavior pattern. By extracting the attack behavior pattern, the attack behavior can be detected. Experimental results of real dataset verify the effectiveness and validity of the method.
Raman Optical Activity of Glucose and Sorbose in Extended Wavenumber Range
Authors: Palivec Vladimír , Michal Pavel , Kapitán Josef , Martinez‐Seara Hector , Bouř Petr 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRaman optical activity (ROA) is pursued as a promising method for structural analyses of sugars in aqueous solutions. In the present study, experimental Raman and ROA spectra of glucose and sorbose obtained in an extended range (50–4000 cm−1) are interpreted using molecular dynamics and density functional theory, with the emphasis on CH stretching modes. A reasonable theoretical basis for spectral interpretation was obtained already at the harmonic level. Anharmonic corrections led to minor shifts of band positions (up to 25 cm−1) below 2000 cm−1, while the CH stretching bands shifted more, by ∼180 cm−1, and better reproduced the experiment. However, the anharmonicities could be included on a relatively low approximation level only, and they did not always improve the harmonic band shapes. The dependence on the structure and conformation shows that the CH stretching ROA spectral pattern is a sensitive marker useful in saccharide structure studies.
Corn yield and soil nitrogen following winter annual cover crops interseeded into soybean
Authors: Norris Robert , Chim Bee Khim , Evanylo Gregory , Reiter Mark , Thomason Wade 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNitrogen demand for corn (Zea mays L.) production is high, and winter annual cover crops (WCC) can be an alternative source of plant‐available N. Common corn–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations in the Mid‐Atlantic region leave fields fallow after soybean, providing a niche for WCC. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth subsp. Villosa), and rye–vetch mixture WCC interseeded into soybean on soil N, corn grain yield, and fertilizer N replacement from cover crops. Eight different field sites were seeded into standing soybeans in Virginia from 2012–2014. The experiment was a split‐plot design with WCC species as the main plot in a full factorial arrangement with N rate (0 or 45 kg N ha−1 as starter fertilization at planting, and sidedress rates of 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N ha−1) as subplots. Maximum corn grain yield following hairy vetch WCC was 0.7 and 0.6 Mg ha−1 higher than when following rye at 0 and 45 kg ha−1 starter N, respectively. At one site where hairy vetch biomass was >2 Mg ha−1, corn grain yield increased beyond levels attributable only to the addition of legume N. Instead of decreasing the sidedress N requirement, optimum N rates with hairy vetch were similar to other WCC, only with higher yields. Hairy vetch WCC generally resulted in higher soil N than other WCC at the V4 stage of corn, but no differences after corn harvest.
Calcium Carbide Looping System for Acetaldehyde Manufacturing from Virtually any Carbon Source
Authors: Rodygin Konstantin S. , Lotsman Kristina A. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA vinylation/devinylation looping system for acetaldehyde manufacturing was evaluated. Vinylation ofiso‐butanol with calcium carbide under solvent‐free conditions was combined with hydrolysis of the resultingiso‐butyl vinyl ether under slightly acidic conditions. Acetaldehyde produced by hydrolysis was collected from the reaction mixture by simple distillation, and the remaining alcohol was redirected to the vinylation step. All the inorganic co‐reagents can be looped as well, and the full sequence is totally sustainable. A complete acetaldehyde manufacturing cycle was proposed on the basis of the developed procedure. The cycle was fed with calcium carbide and produced the aldehyde as a single product in a total preparative yield of 97 %. No solvents, hydrocarbons, or metal catalysts were needed to maintain the cycle. As calcium carbide in principle can be synthesized from virtually any source of carbon, the developed technology represents an excellent example of biomass and waste conversion into a valuable industrial product.
Borophene and Boron Fullerene Materials in Hydrogen Storage: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Joseph Jithu , Sivasankarapillai Vishnu Sankar , Nikazar Sohrab , Shanawaz Muhammad Salman , Rahdar Abbas , Lin Han , Kyzas George Z. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional materials have led to a leap forward in materials science research, especially in the fields of energy conversion and storage. Borophene and its spherical counterpart boron fullerene represent emerging materials that have attracted much attention in the whole area of advanced energy materials and technologies. Owing to their prominent features, such as electronic environment and geometry, borophene and boron fullerene have been used in versatile applications, such as supercapacitors, superconductors, anode materials for photochemical water splitting, and biosensors. Herein, one of the most promising applications/areas of hydrogen storage is discussed. Boron fullerenes have been considered and discussed for hydrogen‐storage applications, and recently borophene was also included in the list of materials with promising hydrogen‐storage properties. Studies focus mainly on doped borophene systems over pristine borophene due to enhanced features available upon decoration with metal atoms. This Review introduces very recent progress and novel paradigms with respect to both borophene derivatives and boron fullerene based systems reported for hydrogen storage, with a focus on the synthesis, physiochemical properties, hydrogen‐storage mechanism, and practical applications.
Redox‐Polymer‐Wired [NiFeSe] Hydrogenase Variants with Enhanced O2 Stability for Triple‐Protected High‐Current‐Density H2‐Oxidation Bioanodes
Authors: Ruff Adrian , Szczesny Julian , Vega Maria , Zacarias Sonia , Matias Pedro M. , Gounel Sébastien , Mano Nicolas , Pereira Inês A. C. , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVariants of the highly active [NiFeSe] hydrogenase from D. vulgaris Hildenborough that exhibit enhanced O2 tolerance were used as H2‐oxidation catalysts in H2/O2 biofuel cells. Two [NiFeSe] variants were electrically wired by means of low‐potential viologen‐modified redox polymers and evaluated with respect to H2‐oxidation and stability against O2 in the immobilized state. The two variants showed maximum current densities of (450±84) μA cm−2 for G491A and (476±172) μA cm−2 for variant G941S on glassy carbon electrodes and a higher O2 tolerance than the wild type. In addition, the polymer protected the enzyme from O2 damage and high‐potential inactivation, establishing a triple protection for the bioanode. The use of gas‐diffusion bioanodes provided current densities for H2‐oxidation of up to 6.3 mA cm−2. Combination of the gas‐diffusion bioanode with a bilirubin oxidase‐based gas‐diffusion O2‐reducing biocathode in a membrane‐free biofuel cell under anode‐limiting conditions showed unprecedented benchmark power densities of 4.4 mW cm−2 at 0.7 V and an open‐circuit voltage of 1.14 V even at moderate catalyst loadings, outperforming the previously reported system obtained with the [NiFeSe] wild type and the [NiFe] hydrogenase from D. vulgaris Miyazaki F.
An extendable single‐switch n‐cell boost converter with high voltage gain and low components stress for renewable energy
Authors: Zhang Guidong , Chen Haodong , Yu Shenglong , Zhang Bo , Chen Yanfeng , Iu Herbert , Zhang Yun 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBoost converters have been widely employed in industrial applications, and cascading boost converters is a mature technique to realize ultrahigh voltage gains. However, the cascade structure inevitably increases the voltage stress of buffer capacitors, resulting in high costs and low energy efficiency. Targeting this issue, in this study, we propose a novel extendable single‐switch n‐cell boost converter (ESSnB), which utilizes the same number of components as the conventional positive output boost converter, but has lower buffer voltage stresses. Simulation and experimentation are conducted in this study, which verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed ESSnB over conventional boost converters.
3T‐FASDM: Linear discriminant analysis‐based three‐tier face anti‐spoofing detection model using support vector machine
Authors: Bakshi Aditya , Gupta Sunanda , Gupta Akhil , Tanwar Sudeep , Hsiao Kuei‐Fang 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn recent years, to solve the problem of face spoofing, momentous work has been done in this field, but still, there is a need for establishing counter measures to the biometric spoofing attacks. Although trained and evaluated on different databases, impressive results have been achieved in existing face anti‐spoofing techniques, but biometric authentication is a very significant problem as imposters are using lots of reconstructed samples or fake synthetic material or structure that can be used for various attack purposes. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, this paper explains the security for face anti‐spoofing detection using linear discriminant analysis and validates the results by calculating HTER and accuracy on different databases (i.e., REPLAY ATTACK and CASIA). The proposed model, that is, three‐tier face anti‐spoofing detection model (3T‐FASDM), is used for the detection of the fake biometric user and works well for real‐time applications. The proposed methods tested on a set of state‐of‐the‐art anti‐spoofing features for the face mode gives a very low degree of complexity as 26 general image quality measures are applied to differentiate among legitimate and imposter samples. The outcomes obtained from publically available data show that this technique has improved performance and accuracy by analyzing the HTER and machine learning classifiers that are helpful to differentiate among real and fake traits.
Noscapine, a possible drug candidate for attenuation of cytokine release associated with SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ebrahimi Soltan A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSuccessful treatment of viral infections has proven to be huge challenge for modern medicine with the most effective approach being prior vaccination. The problem with vaccination is the time it takes to develop an effective vaccine, validate its safety and manufacture it in large quantities. Facing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), we simply do not have the time to develop the vaccine before thousands of people die. Therefore, any treatment which can decrease the severe symptoms due to lung damage may help attenuate mortality rates. Inactivation of ACE2 during virus fusion into the host cell may be one of the underlying reasons for intense immunological reaction seen in the lung tissue. This overreaction is probably mediated through the bradykinin receptor activation. Noscapine, a medication used for the treatment of cough, has been shown to inhibit bradykinin enhanced cough response in man. As it is already marketed in a number of countries as a cough medicine, even for children, a suitable formulation with all the required licenses is available that can be rapidly utilized in preliminary trials.
Butterfly richness and abundance along a gradient of imperviousness and the importance of matrix quality
Authors: Kurylo J. S. , Threlfall C. G. , Parris K. M. , Ossola A. , Williams N. S. G. , Evans K. L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHeterogeneity in quantity and quality of resources provided in the urban matrix may mitigate adverse effects of urbanization intensity on the structure of biotic communities. To assess this we quantified the spatial variation in butterfly richness and abundance along an impervious surface gradient using three measures of urban matrix quality: floral resource availability and origin (native vs. exotic plants), tree cover, and the occurrence of remnant habitat patches. Butterfly richness and abundance were surveyed in 100 cells (500 × 500 m), selected using a random‐stratified sampling design, across a continuous gradient of imperviousness in Melbourne, Australia. Sampling occurred twice during the butterfly flight season. Occurrence data were analyzed using generalized linear models at local and mesoscales. Despite high sampling completeness, we did not detect 75% of species from the regional species pool in the urban area, suggesting that urbanization has caused a large proportion of the region's butterflies to become absent or extremely rare within Melbourne's metro‐area. Those species that do remain are largely very generalist in their choice of larval host plants. Butterfly species richness and abundance declined with increasing impervious surface cover and, contrary to evidence for other taxa, there was no evidence that richness peaked at intermediate levels of urbanization. Declines in abundance appeared to be more noticeable when impervious surface cover exceeded 25%, while richness declined linearly with increasing impervious surface cover. We find evidence that the quality of the urban matrix (floral resources and remnant vegetation) influenced butterfly richness and abundance although the effects were small. Total butterfly abundance responded negatively to exotic floral abundance early in the sampling season and positively to total floral abundance later in the sampling season. Butterfly species richness increased with tree cover. Negative impacts of increased urbanization intensity on butterfly species richness and abundance may be mitigated to some extent by improving the quality of the urban matrix by enhancing tree cover and the provision of floral resources, with some evidence that native plants are more effective.
Using Indigenous and Western knowledge systems for environmental risk assessment
Authors: Buell Mary-Claire , Ritchie Doran , Ryan Kathleen , Metcalfe Chris D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIndigenous rights, knowledge, and value systems are linked inextricably to the lands, waters, and non‐human beings that form the environments of Indigenous Peoples. Across the globe, the rights of Indigenous peoples are being formally recognized and as a result, efforts are being made to include Indigenous Knowledge and value systems in environmental policy and decision making. Scientists and decision makers must not only recognize this reality, but also operationalize these efforts through meaningful changes to create space for the inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge, Indigenous values, and sovereignty within the current methods for scientific enquiry and the development of environmental policies. Professionals in the environmental field have a responsibility to ensure that their work has a positive impact on Indigenous Peoples and their environments. In this study, we explore the concept of consultation and informed consent through the lens of the development of environmental policy and decision making. We will discuss these concepts in the context of ecological risk assessment related to a case study focused on contaminated sediment in a harbor within the Great Lakes. We will demonstrate a process that deconstructs the current protocols for risk assessments at sites with localized pollutants in sediment and rebuilds them with elements that recognize both Western and Indigenous knowledge systems. This process includes collaborative fieldwork, relationship building, and informal and formal interviews with participants and community members. By utilizing such approaches, we were able to develop a risk assessment framework that recognizes the sovereignty of Indigenous peoples and promotes effective Nation‐to‐Nation decision making.
Access to evidence‐based care for eating disorders during the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Weissman Ruth S. , Bauer Stephanie , Thomas Jennifer J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has forced an abrupt change in the delivery of clinical services, including for individuals with an eating disorder. We present this Virtual Issue as a resource for the eating disorder community to showcase research published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders that provides information on effective strategies to help address the challenges arising from COVID‐19‐related disruptions. Articles included describe original research or systematic reviews on obstacles to health services use and strategies to improve access to care; technological tools to provide or enhance interventions; patients' and clinicians' attitudes or perspectives on using digital tools for clinical care; factors influencing therapeutic alliance; and ideas for improving reach and uptake of digital interventions. We hope that readers will find ways to observe and record their own experiences during this global crisis; the experiences of people at risk for developing or exhibiting an eating disorder; and the experiences of those who care for people with an eating disorder. These lived experiences will be invaluable in formulating hypotheses for future studies in service of advancing the understanding of eating disorders and improving interventions and policies for reducing the burden of suffering attributable to eating disorders.
Neutralization of IL‐10 produced by B cells promotes protective immunity during persistent HCV infection in humanized mice
Authors: Liu Min , Chen Han‐Yu , Luo Liang , Wang Yaping , Zhang Dongli , Song Neng , Wang Fu‐Bing , Li Qiao , Zhang Xiao‐Lian , Pan Qin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChronic HCV infection can lead to cirrhosis and is associated with increased mortality. Interleukin (IL)‐10‐producing B cells (B10 cells) are regulatory cells that suppress cellular immune responses. Here, we aimed to determine whether HCV induces B10 cells and assess the roles of the B10 cells during HCV infection. HCV‐induced B10 cells were enriched in CD19hi and CD1dhiCD5+ cell populations. HCV predominantly triggered the TLR2‐MyD88‐NF‐κB and AP‐1 signaling pathways to drive IL‐10 production by B cells. In a humanized murine model of persistent HCV infection, to neutralize IL‐10 produced by B10 cells, mice were treated with pcCD19scFv‐IL‐10R, which contains the genes coding the anti‐CD19 single‐chain variable fragment (CD19scFv) and the extracellular domain of IL‐10 receptor alpha chain (sIL‐10Ra). This treatment resulted in significant reduction of B10 cells in spleen and liver, increase of cytotoxic CD8+ T‐cell responses against HCV, and low viral loads in infected humanized mice. Our results indicate that targeting B10 cells via neutralization of IL‐10 may offer a novel strategy to enhance anti‐HCV immunotherapy.