bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption‐Free Growth of Ultra‐Thin Molybdenum Membranes with a Low‐Symmetry Rectangular Lattice Structure
Authors: Si Jingjing , Zeng Mengqi , Ta Huy Q. , Zheng Shuting , Liao Jihai , Yang Xiaobao , Rümmeli Mark H. , Fu Lei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough low‐symmetry lattice structure of 2D transition metals is highly anticipated for both fundamental research and potentially distinctive application, it still has not been experimentally realized, which greatly hinders the exploration of the unique properties. Here, ultra‐thin body‐centered‐cubic (bcc) phase molybdenum (Mo) membranes are successfully synthesized with a low‐symmetry rectangular (110) crystal face via an adsorption‐free reaction. Through experimental and density functional theory studies, no foreign atoms being adsorbed is shown to be a key factor for the successful preparation of the bcc phase 2D transition metal with (110) faces. The realization of 2D Mo(110) with a low‐symmetric rectangular lattice structure extends the scope of 2D structures and is also beneficial for the exploration and development of low‐symmetry rectangular lattice‐structured materials with unique properties.
Influence of different fibers on mechanical and durability performance of concrete with silica fume
Authors: Ali Babar , Raza Syed Safdar , Hussain Iqrar , Iqbal Maria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDurability and ductility of plain cement concrete (PC) can be upgraded by the simultaneous incorporation of fibers and supplementary cementitious materials. To this end, influence of different fibers such as steel fiber (SF), glass fiber (GF), carbon fiber (CF), and polypropylene fiber (PF) is studied on mechanical and durability properties of concrete with and without silica fume. Silica fume was used as 10% by mass replacement of ordinary Portland cement. Various mechanical and durability properties were studied such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption (WA), chloride penetration (CP), and acid attack resistance of concrete. The results of testing revealed that silica fume improved the efficiency of fibers in resisting the tensile and flexural loads. The composite effect of fiber and silica fume was more beneficial than the sum of the effects of their individual incorporation. Steel fiber‐reinforced concrete (SFRC) showed better mechanical performance at 28 days as compared to other FRCs but CFRC showed better performance at 180 days. PFRC and CFRC exhibited better durability performance than SFRC and GFRC. Silica fume helped in reducing the WA and CP of FRCs and improved their acid attack resistance.
Tracking Hurricanes Using GPS Atmospheric Precipitable Water Vapor Field
Authors: Ejigu Yohannes Getachew , Teferle Felix Norman , Klos Anna , Bogusz Janusz , Hunegnaw Addisu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTropical cyclones are one of the most powerful severe weather events that produce devastating socioeconomic and environmental impacts in the areas they strike. Therefore, monitoring and tracking of the arrival times and path of the tropical cyclones are extremely valuable in providing early warning to the public and governments. Hurricane Florence struck the East cost of USA in 2018 and offers an outstanding case study. We employed Global Positioning System (GPS) derived precipitable water vapor (PWV) data to track and investigate the characteristics of storm occurrences in their spatial and temporal distribution using a dense ground network of permanent GPS stations. Our findings indicate that a rise in GPS-derived PWV occurred several hours before Florence’s manifestation. Also, we compared the temporal distribution of the GPS-derived PWV content with the precipitation value for days when the storm appeared in the area under influence. The study will contribute to quantitative assessment of the complementary GPS tropospheric products in hurricane monitoring and tracking using GPS-derived water vapor evolution from a dense network of permanent GPS stations.
Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Seine River Basin: Overview of Recent Research
Authors: Labadie Pierre , Alligant Soline , Berthe Thierry , Budzinski Hélène , Bigot-Clivot Aurélie , Collard France , Dris Rachid , Gasperi Johnny , Guigon Elodie , Petit Fabienne , Rocher Vincent , Tassin Bruno , Tramoy Romain , Treilles Robin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor over 30 years, the sources and the transfer dynamics of micropollutants have been investigated in the PIREN-Seine programme. Recent works included a wide range of chemicals and biological contaminants of emerging concern (i.e. contaminants whose occurrence, fate and impact are scarcely documented). This chapter presents a brief overview of research recently conducted on contaminants as diverse as macro- and microplastics, poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), pathogenic protozoa, antibiotics and the associated antibiotic resistance. The multiscalar study of plastics and PFASs at a large spatial scale is rare; the results produced in recent years on the Seine River catchment have provided an original contribution to the investigation of the dynamics of these contaminants in urban environments. The results also highlighted that pathogenic protozoa are ubiquitous in the Seine River basin and that the contamination of bivalves such as Dreissena polymorpha could reflect the ambient biological contamination of watercourses. The widespread occurrence of antibiotics in the Seine River was demonstrated, and it was shown that the resistome of biofilms in highly urbanised rivers constitutes a microenvironment where genetic support for antibiotic resistance (clinical integrons) and resistance genes for trace metals are concentrated.
Mass Balance of PAHs at the Scale of the Seine River Basin
Authors: Gateuille D. , Gasperi J. , Briand C. , Guigon E. , Alliot F. , Blanchard M. , Teil M.-J. , Chevreuil M. , Rocher V. , Azimi S. , Thevenot D. , Moilleron R. , Brignon J.-M. , Meybeck M. , Mouchel J.-M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Seine River basin (France) is representative of the large urbanised catchments (78,650 km2) located in Northwestern Europe. As such, it is highly impacted by anthropogenic activities and their associated emissions of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These compounds, originating from household heating and road traffic, are responsible for serious environmental issues across the basin. This study aims at establishing and using mass balance analyses of PAHs at the Seine River basin scale as an efficient tool for understanding PAH pathways in the environment. A dual-scale approach (urban vs. rural areas) was used successfully, and mass balances provided useful knowledge on the environmental fate of PAHs. In urban areas, runoff and domestic and industrial discharges contributed similarly to the PAH supply to the sewer system. During the wastewater treatment process, PAHs were mainly eliminated through sludge removal. At the basin scale, substantial amounts of PAHs were quantified in soils, and the limited annual inputs and outputs through atmospheric deposition and soil erosion, respectively, suggest that these compounds have long residence times within the basin. While wastewater and runoff discharges from urban areas account for a substantial part of PAH urban fluxes to the Seine River, soil erosion seems to be the predominant contributor at the basin scale. Overall, the PAH flux at the basin outlet was greater than supplies, suggesting that the Seine River system may currently be undergoing a decontamination phase.
Causal Dispositionalism and Evidence Based Healthcare
Authors: Kerry Roger 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, physiotherapist Roger Kerry explores the relationship between the principles of causal dispositionalism, presented in the first part of this book, and the practice of evidence based healthcare (EBHC) (previously evidence based medicine). EBHC is structured around a framework which, although alluding to the integration of multiple sources of evidence, firmly prioritises data from well-controlled population studies in both clinical and policy decision making, as we saw in Part I. In doing so, EBHC deemphasises the role of ‘lower quality’ information sources, such as observational studies, laboratory studies, clinical experience, etc. The rationale for such prioritisation lies in the way that the evidence based framework conceptualises causation. By examining the EBHC evidence hierarchy, a clear neo-Humean notion of causation is evident at the heart of EBHC. In the CauseHealth project, neo-Humeanism is seen as problematic for clinical practice and dispositionalism offers a causal theory which takes real-world complexity and context-sensitivity as its starting point. Can a new practice framework be offered which is based on evidence, yet underpinned by a dispositional ontology? If so, how would this look?
Dispositions and the Unique Patient
Authors: Anjum Rani Lill 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this chapter we argue that a genuine revision of the norms and practices in clinical work needs to start from a revision of the way we think about the world, and in particular the way we think about the most foundational concepts, such as causality. We present the dispositionalist theory of causality and explain why this theory is better suited for the clinic than the orthodox Humean theory which motivated the EBM framework. We argue that causality ought to be understood as something singular and intrinsic rather than as a pattern of regularity across different contexts. From a dispositionalist perspective, causal knowledge ought to start from the single case. In the clinic, this means that the more we know about the multiple dispositions that are involved and how they interact in this specific context, the better equipped we will be to make good and relevant explanations, predictions and decisions for the individual seeking care.
Nostalgic Nationalism, Welfare Chauvinism, and Migration Anxieties in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Cinpoeş Radu , Norocel Ov Cristian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis contribution examines, in the Central and Eastern European context, the interplay between ideals of national specificity, welfare chauvinist appeals, and emerging politics of migration, for the purpose of providing welfare provision to a narrowly defined ethnic group, as promoted by right-wing populist parties in the region. We suggest a comparative framework to account the various positions that such parties occupy in the mainstream political systems in Central and Eastern Europe. Our study deals with the case of a right-wing populist party becoming the main governing force, such as the Law and Justice Party (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS) in Poland; the case of a right-wing populist party as key opposition force, such as the Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom, Jobbik) in Hungary; and thirdly, the case of an unsuccessful right-wing populist party, such as the United Romania Party (Partidul România Unită, PRU). For our qualitative analysis we are drawing on the official discourses of these parties as articulated from 2015 onwards, since it marks the beginning of what has come to be referred to as the European refugee crisis. The aim of this chapter is to map out the various electoral strategies employed, with varying degrees of success, which juxtapose cultural protectionist appeals to welfare chauvinist proposals, and consequently shed light on the culture and welfare nexus in the Central and Eastern European context.
What Makes Turkey and Turkish Immigrants a Cultural Polarization Issue in Europe? Evidence from European Right-Wing Populist Politics
Authors: Özerim Gokay , Öner Selcen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn spite of Turkey’s long history of candidacy to European Union (EU) membership, intense trade relations with European countries and the presence of Turks as one of the largest minority ethnic groups in Europe, Turkey and Turkish immigrants have still been instrumentalized as politically polarizing issues in European societies. This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of this instrumentalization process in European politics by asking how Turkish immigrants and Turkey are presented as a culturally polarizing issue within the framework of “cultural security” by right-wing populist political discourse. In this regard, three specific cases are analyzed by focusing on the instrumentalization of Turkish immigrants and Turkey’s accession to the EU. The first case is the Brexit referendum process in the United Kingdom (UK), especially the Vote Leave campaign. The second case is the Austrian domestic politics, in the aftermath of the “refugee (reception) crisis” and eve of the 2016 Austrian Presidential elections. The third case is the rise of Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in Germany and its entrance to German federal parliament.
Invented Nostalgia: The Search for Identity Among the Hungarian Far-Right
Authors: Kondor Katherine , Littler Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn a country where welfare chauvinism and anti-migrant rhetoric is commonplace among citizens, and the norm in the political sphere, it is no wonder that far-right protest organizations and movements thrive as they do. This chapter looks at several Hungarian far-right organizations, including those of the more traditional far-right movement, and the Hungarian chapter of the identitarian organization network Generation Identity, with their heavily anti-immigrant rhetoric. Common among the traditional Hungarian far-right movement is a nostalgia for a time when Hungarians were “pure”, before closer interaction and integration with their European neighbors. This nostalgia is simultaneously combined with the seemingly contradictory belief in the importance of Christianity and Christian values. This chapter explores the attitudes and identities of organizations in the Hungarian nationalist movement, and presents data from interviews with far-right activists from the Hungarian Defense Movement (Magyar Önvédelmi Mozgalom), to gain an understanding of the politics of culture among Hungarian far-right movement activists.
Loneliness in Children Adapting to Dual Family Life
Authors: Pasteels Inge , Bastaits Kim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChildren often live in two households after their parents break up, which may affect their development. We investigate feelings of loneliness among children of separated parents using two alternative hypotheses. The first assumes that children experience “dual family life” as offering opportunities or a richer source of support because of the increased number of close relatives involved in their life, which leads to reduced feelings of loneliness. The alternative hypothesis assumes that children experience stronger feelings of loneliness because of a decrease of intimacy in their personal relationships caused by their dual family life. Our results show that the feelings of loneliness children experience are not explained by their living arrangements, but are influenced by the number of post-divorce relationships their father has and by the presence of a new partner in their mother’s household.
Heterogeneous Effects of Family Complexity in Childhood on Mental Health: Testing the “Good Divorce” and the “Good Stepparent” Hypotheses
Authors: Ivanova Katya , Kalmijn Matthijs 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe address two key research questions. First, is there an association between parental separation and living with a stepparent in childhood and maladjustment in adulthood? Second, we examine the role conflict plays in these associations. We study whether parental union dissolution is only detrimental in cases of heightened post-divorce interparental conflict. We build upon this “good divorce” hypothesis by considering whether the possible association between living in a stepfamily and depressive symptomatology is only present in cases of high stepparent-child conflict (a “good stepparent” hypothesis). Using data from the OKiN survey (Parents and Children in the Netherlands), we analyze the self-reported depressive feelings of Dutch adults aged 25–35. Of our sample, 2233 adults experienced parental separation in childhood (on average, 22 years before data collection); of those, n = 1665 had lived with a stepparent. Our findings clearly indicate that having experienced parental divorce is associated with an increase in depressive symptoms only for those adults who were exposed to heightened post-divorce interparental conflict. Similarly, living with a stepparent is linked to maladjustment only in cases of high stepparent-child conflict. Importantly, we find evidence that a low-conflict stepfather-child tie could even buffer against maladjustment (which is not the case for a low-conflict stepmother-child tie).
Changes in Mothers’ Earnings Around the Time of Divorce
Authors: Radenacker Anke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter examines the earnings trajectories of divorced mothers in Germany. It explores earnings changes around the time of divorce, and investigates how the gendered division of work and employment patterns during marriage affects the post-divorce earnings of women with children. The data come from the German Statutory Pension Register, which provides monthly employment and earnings histories as of age 14, as well as complete fertility biographies and marriage histories for the divorced women we study. The analytical sample of this study contains 6850 women with minor children who entered the divorce process between 1992 and 2013. The analysis shows that the mothers’ earnings increased around the time of divorce, and that the mothers of the most recent divorce cohort had higher earnings than the mothers of the earlier divorce cohorts. Despite these increases, the divorced mothers earned only 40% of average earnings. The mothers’ earnings patterns during marriage and the ages of their children explain a large share of these earnings patterns after divorce.
Is Cultural Localization Education Necessary in Epoch of Globalization?
Authors: Chiang Tien-Hui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs neo-liberalism has become a new world value, globalization is fusing more countries into an interlocking body than ever. This fusion indicates that the volume of international trade has enlarged significantly and, thus, contains a considerable amount of capitalist profit. Consequently, the many countries that want to gain such profit need to comply with the new rules of this global market. It is argued that such authority has flowed to international institutions that are controlled by the USA. This situation has assisted America to gain a predominant position, allowing it to export its hegemonic cultures to other countries. It is argued that such exportation will replace the cultures of importing countries and, thus, jeopardize their citizens’ national identity. This is because cultures function as the basis for developing identity. In order to diminish this political crisis, the strategy of cultural localization will be employed. In this case, schools are responsible for implementing this national assignment. However, this argument tends to adopt a static approach to defining state sovereignty and, thus, contains considerable weaknesses.
Evidence-Informed Policy and Practice in a ‘Post-truth’ Society
Authors: Whitty Geoff , Wisby Emma 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParticularly since the British vote to leave the European Union (otherwise known as Brexit) and the election of Donald Trump in the USA, there has been much talk of our living in a ‘post-truth’ society, where ‘alternative truths’ compete with each other and where ‘experts’ are often derided and ‘common sense’ celebrated even where it seems to be contradicted by ‘evidence’ (d’Ancona 2017). Calcutt (2016) has suggested that the origins of ‘post-truth’ lay with academics espousing ‘post-modernism’ and other ‘left-leaning, self-confessed liberals’ who sought freedom from state-sponsored truth and started to discredit ‘truth’ as one of the ‘grand narratives’ that needed to be replaced with ‘truths’—‘always plural, frequently personalised, inevitably relativised’. Although both the political and academic versions of ‘post-truth’ may be criticised for undermining any sense of certainty about how we should proceed in educational policy and practice, we suggest in this article that exaggerated claims about the possibility of establishing consensual answers on the basis of research evidence are equally suspect and to be resisted.
Education Policy: Development and Enactment—The Case of Human Capital
Authors: Bell Leslie A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEducation is always implicitly or explicitly a political issue (Bell and Stevenson 2013). What is taught, what is not taught, how students are taught and how educational institutions are organized are fundamentally political questions. Education cannot be disconnected from wider views about the society in which it is located. Thus reproducing and reinforcing what exists are implicitly political but no less so than explicitly mobilizing for radical change. The extent to which the focus of policy is on conserving or changing is largely determined by political responses to the prevailing dominant discourses. It is such education policy that frames much of what happens in individual educational institutions and that shapes the experiences of those who study or work in educational institutions. However, it is important to understand more precisely what is meant by policy.
Changes of lipoxin levels during pregnancy and the monthly-cycle, condition the normal course of pregnancy or pathology
Authors: Szczuko Małgorzata , Palma Joanna , Kikut Justyna , Komorniak Natalia , Ziętek Maciej 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective and DesignThe purpose of the review was to gather information on the role and possibilities of using lipoxin in the treatment of infertility and maintaining a normal pregnancy. Ovulation, menstruation, embryo implantation, and childbirth are reactions representing short-term inflammatory events involving lipoxin activities. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an arachidonic acid metabolite, and in cooperation with its positional isomer lipoxin B4 (LXB4), it is a major lipoxin in mammals. Biosynthesis process occurs in two stages: in the first step, the donor cell releases the eicosanoid intermediate; secondarily, the acceptor cell gets and converts the intermediate product into LXA4 (leukocyte/platelet interaction).ResultsGenerating lipoxin synthesis may also be triggered by salicylic acid, which acetylates cyclooxygenase-2. Lipoxin A4 and its analogues are considered as specialized pro-resolving mediators. LXA4 is an important component for a proper menstrual cycle, embryo implantation, pregnancy, and delivery. Its level in the luteal phase is high, while in the follicular phase, it decreases, which coincides with an increase in estradiol concentration with which it competes for the receptor. LXA4 inhibits the progression of endometriosis. However, during the peri-implantation period, before pregnancy is confirmed clinically, high levels of LXA4 can contribute to early pregnancy loss and may cause miscarriage. After implantation, insufficient LXA4 levels contribute to incorrect maternal vessel remodeling; decreased, shallow trophoblastic invasion; and the immuno-energetic abnormality of the placenta, which negatively affects fetal growth and the maintenance of pregnancy. Moreover, the level of LXA4 increases in the final stages of pregnancy, allowing vessel remodeling and placental separation.MethodsThe review evaluates the literature published in the PubMed and Embase database up to 31 December 2019. The passwords were checked on terms: lipoxin and pregnancy with combined endometriosis, menstrual cycle, implantation, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm labor.ConclusionsAlthough no human studies have been performed so far, the cell and animal model study results suggest that LXA4 will be used in obstetrics and gynecology soon.