bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of neurofeedback in the management of chronic pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Patel Kajal , Sutherland Heather , Henshaw James , Taylor Jason R. , Brown Christopher A. , Casson Alexander J. , Trujillo‐Barreton Nelson J. , Jones Anthony K. P. , Sivan Manoj 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNeurofeedback (NFB) provides real‐time feedback about neurophysiological signals to patients, thereby encouraging modulation of pain‐associated brain activity. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of NFB in alleviating pain and pain‐associated symptoms in chronic pain patients.MethodsMEDLINE, PUBMED, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases were searched using the strategy: (“Neurofeedback” OR “EEG Biofeedback” OR “fMRI Biofeedback”) AND (“Pain” or “Chronic Pain”). Clinical trials reporting changes in pain following electroencephalogram (EEG) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) NFB in chronic pain patients were included. Only Randomized‐controlled trials (RCT), non‐randomized controlled trials (NRCT) and case series were included. Effect size was pooled for all RCTs in a meta‐analysis.ResultsTwenty‐one studies were included. Reduction in pain following NFB was reported by one high‐quality RCT, five of six low‐quality RCT or NRCT and 13 of 14 case‐series. Pain reduction reported by studies ranged from 6% to 82%, with 10 studies reporting a clinically significant reduction in pain of >30%. The overall effect size was medium (cohen's d −0.76, 95% confidence interval −1.31 to −0.20). Studies were highly heterogeneous (Q [df = 5] = 18.46, p = .002, I2 = 73%). Improvements in depression, anxiety, fatigue and sleep were also seen in some studies. Common side‐effects included headache, nausea and drowsiness. These generally did not lead to withdrawal of therapy except in one study.ConclusionsNeurofeedback is a safe and effective therapy with promising but largely low‐quality evidence supporting its use in chronic pain. Further high‐quality trials comparing different protocols is warranted to determine the most efficacious way to deliver NFB.SignificanceNeurofeedback is a novel neuromodulatory approach which can be used to reduce the severity of pain and pain‐associated symptoms such as sleep disturbances, mood disturbances, fatigue and anxiety in a number of chronic pain conditions. It has a potential to provide integrative non‐pharmacological management for chronic pain patients with pain refractory to pharmacological agents with high side‐effect profiles. Further high‐quality double‐blinded randomized sham‐controlled trials are needed in order to fully explore the potential of this therapy.
Design and Realization of a Stacked Interleaved DC–DC Step‐Down Converter for PEM Water Electrolysis with Improved Current Control
Authors: Guida V. , Guilbert D. , Vitale G. , Douine B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to face the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources (RES), hydrogen production and storage are considered an attractive solution. Nowadays, RES (e.g., wind, photovoltaic), and fossil fuels (e.g., coal, natural gas) are the various resources available on the planet Earth to produce hydrogen. Water electrolysis is one of the most interesting ways of producing hydrogen from RES; this electrochemical reaction is realized through an electrolyzer. Usually, DC–DC step‐down converters are used in the hydrogen production systems since electrolyzers must be supplied with a very low DC voltage to generate hydrogen from deionized water. Although these converters are widely used, they have several drawbacks from output current ripples and energy efficiency point of view. In order to meet the requirements for electrolyzer applications, a stacked interleaved DC–DC step‐down converter has been used to carry out this work. The objective of this paper is to develop a control law of the studied converter based on the current flowing through in one of the phases. This control allows reducing phase current overshoot and oscillations, and consequently conduction losses. Finally, by an experimental investigation, the performance of the current controller from overshoot, stability and oscillation point of view has been assessed.
Germline SDHB‐inactivating mutation in gastric spindle cell sarcoma
Authors: Heilig Christoph E. , Horak Peter , Lipka Daniel B. , Mock Andreas , Uhrig Sebastian , Kreutzfeldt Simon , Richter Susan , Gieldon Laura , Fröhlich Martina , Hutter Barbara , Hübschmann Daniel , Teleanu Veronica , Schmier Johann‐Wilhelm , Philipzen Johannes , Beuthien‐Baumann Bettina , Schröck Evelin , von Deimling Andreas , Bauer Sebastian , Heining Christoph , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Stenzinger Albrecht , Brors Benedikt , Wardelmann Eva , Glimm Hanno , Hartmann Wolfgang , Fröhling Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Inactivating mutations or epigenetic deregulation of succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDH) genes are considered defining features of a subset of GIST occurring in the stomach. Based on comprehensive molecular profiling and biochemical analysis within a precision oncology program, we identified hallmarks of SDH deficiency (germline SDHB‐inactivating mutation accompanied by somatic loss of heterozygosity, lack of SDHB expression, global DNA hypermethylation, and elevated succinate/fumarate ratio) in a 40‐year‐old woman with undifferentiated gastric spindle cell sarcoma that did not meet the diagnostic criteria for other mesenchymal tumors of the stomach, including GIST. These data reveal that the loss of SDH function can be involved in the pathogenesis of non‐GIST sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract.
Modelling demand flexibility and energy storage to support increased penetration of renewable energy resources on Porto Santo
Authors: Torabi Roham , Gomes Alvaro , Lobo Diogo , Morgado‐Dias Fernando 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper assesses the contribution of a controllable load (a reverse osmosis [RO] seawater desalination plant), together with an energy storage system in Porto Santo's small islanded electric power system. The controllable load and storage system are used to (i) smooth the net‐demand fluctuations and adapt it to the availability of renewable energy sources (RES), thus avoiding possible curtailments and contributing to a higher dissemination of RES, (ii) minimize the overall operational cost associated with the production of electricity and potable‐water, and (iii) reduce the environmental pollutants associated with the electric power systems on the island. The nonlinear nature of the problem makes it difficult to quickly obtain a robust solution through conventional mathematical tools. Therefore, an evolutionary algorithm is developed to find feasible solutions for dispatching the resources for a one‐week simulation period. The proposed algorithm determined the power output of the conventional thermal power plant, the RO desalination plant operating periods, and the storage charging and discharging periods and powers. In the proposed scenario, through a seven‐day simulation, 50% of the demand is supplied by renewable sources. The numerical results illustrate a reduction in the average total electricity‐peak demand of the island. The obtained diagrams are compared with the data gathered on Porto Santo's energy system. They display that the proposed solution is economically beneficial for the management of the electric power grid of the island of Porto Santo, while reducing the global warming potential (GWP) of the electric power system. Furthermore, it reveals that in a scenario with 50% penetration of renewable sources, through the proposed solution, a more efficient and predictable operation of the conventional electricity generators and the RO desalination plants can be achieved. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intratumoral γδ T‐Cell Infiltrates, Chemokine (C‐C Motif) Ligand 4/Chemokine (C‐C Motif) Ligand 5 Protein Expression and Survival in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Na , Dang Hien , Ma Lichun , Martin Sean P. , Forgues Marshonna , Ylaya Kris , Hewitt Stephen M. , Wang Xin Wei 
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy which is often associated with a complex tumor microenvironment attributable to etiology‐induced cellular inflammation. γδ T cells are known to detect and react to chronic inflammation, which is linked to cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Our recent genomic study revealed an increased infiltration of several immune cell types, including γδ T cells, in tumor microenvironments of a Thai HCC subtype associated with a good prognosis.

Approach and Results
Here, we quantified the amount of γδ T cells using a γδ T‐cell‐specific gene signature in 247 Chinese HCC patients. We also validated the γδ T‐cell signature in American HCC patients. Additionally, such an association was only found in tumor transcriptomic data, but not in adjacent nontumor transcriptomic data, suggesting a selective enrichment of γδ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the γδ T‐cell signature was positively correlated with the expression of natural killer cell receptor genes, such as NKG2D and cytolytic T‐cell genes granzymes and perforin, suggesting a stronger T‐cell‐mediated cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, we found that the γδ T‐cell‐specific gene expression is positively correlated with the expression of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 4 (CCL4)/chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and C‐C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1)/C‐C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), the receptors for γδ T cells. We validated these results using immunohistochemical analysis of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tumor biopsies from 182 HCC patients. Moreover, we found evidence of CCL4/CCL5‐mediated recruitment of γδ T cells both in vitro and in a murine orthotopic Hepa1‐6 HCC model.

Conclusions
We propose that CCL4/CCL5 may interact with their receptor, CCR1/CCR5, which may facilitate the recruitment of γδ T cells from peripheral blood or peritumor regions to the tumor regions. Consequently, an increasing infiltration of γδ T cells in tumors may enhance antitumor immunity and improve patients’ prognosis.
Inter‐annual variability in snow cover depletion patterns and atmospheric circulation indices in the Upper Irtysh basin, Central Asia
Authors: Fugazza Davide , Shaw Thomas E. , Mashtayeva Shamshagul , Brock Benjamin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Irtysh River is the main water resource of Eastern Kazakhstan and its upper basin is severely affected by spring floods each year, primarily as a result of snowmelt. Knowledge of the large‐scale processes that influence the timing of these snow‐induced floods is currently lacking, but critical for the management of water resources in the area. In this study, we evaluated the variability in winter–spring snow cover in five major sub‐basins of the Upper Irtysh basin between 2000 and 2017 as a possible explanatory factor of spring flood events, assessing the time of peak snow cover depletion rate and snow cover disappearance from the moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD10A2 data set. We found that on average, peak snow cover retreat occurs between 22 March and 14 April depending on the basin, with large interannual variations but no clear trend over the MODIS period, while our comparative analysis of longer‐term snow cover extent from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Data Record data set suggests a shift to earlier snow cover disappearance since the 1970s. In contrast, the annual peak snow cover depletion rate displays a weak increasing trend over the study period and exceeded 5,900 km2/day in 2017. The timing of snow disappearance in spring shows significant correlations of up to 0.82 for the largest basin with winter indices of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) over the region. The primary driver is the impact of the large‐scale pressure anomalies upon the mean spring (MAM) air temperatures and resultant timing of snow cover disappearance, particularly at elevations 500–2,000 m above sea level. This suggests a lagged effect of this atmospheric circulation pattern in spring snow cover retreat. The winter AO index could therefore be incorporated into long‐term runoff forecasts for the Irtysh. Our approach is easily transferable to other similar catchments and could support flood management strategies in Kazakhstan and other countries.
The role of startups for local labor markets
Authors: Carlino Gerald , Drautzburg Thorsten 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThere are substantial differences in startup activity across US local labor markets. We study the causes and consequences of these differences. Startup productivity shocks are found to drive much of these cross‐city differences in startup activity. Examples of such shocks include breakthroughs in biotech that spurred startup formation in San Diego and Philadelphia. Overall, these shocks explain half of the forecast error variance of startup job creation, accounting for 40% of population growth and long‐run changes in employment. Shocks to barriers to firm entry have economy‐wide effects similar to those of startup productivity shocks but operate largely through the number of startups, rather than their size. We use a novel spatial panel vector autoregression, identifying shocks using shift–share external instruments.
“We break the cycle…”: Motivations for prosocial advocacy among former gang members to end gang involvement
Authors: Whitney‐Snel Kendall , Valdez Christine E. , Totaan Jessica 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGangs pose an extreme threat to at‐risk individuals and disenfranchised communities. A unique insight into the gang life and a changing life narrative among former gang members may be assets in educating communities about systemic factors perpetuating gang activity. This grounded theory analysis examines motivations for joining and leaving gangs among 28 former gang members (age,M = 44; 87.5% male; 56.3% Hispanic or Latino) and explores motivations to improve societal outcomes via prosocial advocacy to end gang involvement. Narratives suggest a social–ecological system marked by adversity can inform motivations for joining and leaving gangs, and the potential of repurposing one's life into a social change agent. Findings indicate the changing perspective of former gang members can aid in deterring gang involvement if provided a platform to share their negative experiences of gang life and regrets for their actions in their communities to instigate societal change.
Repercussions on sarcomeres of the myotendinous junction and the myofibrillar type adaptations in response to different trainings on vertical ladder
Authors: Rocha Lara Caetano , Pimentel Neto Jurandyr , de Sant'Ana Jossei Soares , Jacob Carolina dos Santos , Barbosa Gabriela Klein , Krause Neto Walter , Watanabe Ii‐sei , Ciena Adriano Polican 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe myofibrillary types establish to the skeletal muscle functional and adaptive properties that influence the sarcomeric arrangement during muscle contraction and may have repercussions on an important related force transmission region of the locomotor apparatus, the myotendinous junction (MTJ). This study aimed to describe changes in myofibrillary type and sarcomeric lengths in the belly muscle and MTJ of the soleus and plantaris muscles associated with training protocols in vertical ladder. Thirty adults male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 10): Control (CTR), No‐load Training (NLT), and Load Training (LT). Morphoquantitative analysis of different fibers types and sarcomere lengths were performed in distinct regions of plantaris and soleus muscles. In the plantaris muscle with both trainings, there was an increase in the cross‐sectional area (CSA) in Type I and II fibers (p < .0001) while sarcomeric lengths revealed greater lengths in the proximal and distal sarcomeres of NLT, although in the LT we found greater lengths in the belly and MTJ sarcomeres. The soleus muscle showed an increase in CSA muscle fiber only in the NLT (p < .0001) and revealed alterations in belly and MTJ sarcomere lengths with training. We concluded that plantaris muscle has an adaptive effect directly associated with training load, with hypertrophy in both trainings and sarcomere length inverse from belly and MTJ, in LT associated with increased force generation and transmission at the MTJ, although soleus muscle has a lower adaptive response to training stimuli with variation in the belly and distal sarcomere of the MTJ.
Influence of air pressure patterns over Europe on solar radiation variability over Poland (1986–2015)
Authors: Kulesza Kinga 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe key factor that affects the inflow of radiant energy to the Earth's surface is the circulation of the atmosphere (caused by uneven distribution of air pressure on the globe) and the related changes in the amount of aerosols and cloudiness. This paper identified the areas in the Euro‐Atlantic region where the air pressure change had a significant impact on global solar radiation (GSR) changes over Poland, during the period 1986–2015. In general, growing GSR sums over Poland are to some extent related to the positive phase of the NAO (simultaneous pressure growth in the area of the Azores High and the pressure decrease in the area of the Icelandic Low). Correlation coefficient between the NAO index and GSR over Poland equals 0.18 (statistically significant at α = 0.05). In turn, in summer and autumn the pressure growth in southern Scandinavia results in a significant increase in the amount of GSR over Poland. Days with extremely large GSR sums (above the 95th percentile) are also prompted by the Azores High ridge which covers Central and Southern Europe, and by air mass inflow from the Atlantic.
New results on common properties of the products AC and BA, II
Authors: Zeng Qingping , Yan Kai , Zhang Shifang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this note, we continue to investigate common properties of the products in the setting of rings, bounded linear operators, or Banach algebras. We prove: (i) If are elements in a unital associative ring satisfying , then von Neumann regularity (resp. generalized Fredholmness relative to an ideal of ) of is converted into that of . (ii) If are bounded linear operators satisfying , then and share common complementability of kernels and ranges. (iii) If are elements in a unital semisimple Banach algebra satisfying and is a trace ideal of such that soc kh(soc, then and share common Fredholmness relative to and have the same abstract index. A similar result holds for B‐Fredholmness in primitive Banach algebra.
Tensor image enhancement and optimal multichannel receiver combination analyses for human hyperpolarized 13C MRSI
Authors: Chen Hsin‐Yu , Autry Adam W. , Brender Jeffrey R. , Kishimoto Shun , Krishna Murali C. , Vareth Maryam , Bok Robert A. , Reed Galen D. , Carvajal Lucas , Gordon Jeremy W. , van Criekinge Mark , Korenchan David E. , Chen Albert P. , Xu Duan , Li Yan , Chang Susan M. , Kurhanewicz John , Larson Peder E. Z. , Vigneron Daniel B. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeWith the initiation of human hyperpolarized 13C (HP‐13C) trials at multiple sites and the development of improved acquisition methods, there is an imminent need to maximally extract diagnostic information to facilitate clinical interpretation. This study aims to improve human HP‐13C MR spectroscopic imaging through means of Tensor Rank truncation‐Image enhancement (TRI) and optimal receiver combination (ORC).MethodsA data‐driven processing framework for dynamic HP 13C MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) was developed. Using patient data sets acquired with both multichannel arrays and single‐element receivers from the brain, abdomen, and pelvis, we examined the theory and application of TRI, as well as 2 ORC techniques: whitened singular value decomposition (WSVD) and first‐point phasing. Optimal conditions for TRI were derived based on bias‐variance trade‐off.ResultsTRI and ORC techniques together provided a 63‐fold mean apparent signal‐to‐noise ratio (aSNR) gain for receiver arrays and a 31‐fold gain for single‐element configurations, which particularly improved quantification of the lower‐SNR‐[13C]bicarbonate and [1‐13C]alanine signals that were otherwise not detectable in many cases. Substantial SNR enhancements were observed for data sets that were acquired even with suboptimal experimental conditions, including delayed (114 s) injection (8× aSNR gain solely by TRI), or from challenging anatomy or geometry, as in the case of a pediatric patient with brainstem tumor (597× using combined TRI and WSVD). Improved correlation between elevated pyruvate‐to‐lactate conversion, biopsy‐confirmed cancer, and mp‐MRI lesions demonstrated that TRI recovered quantitative diagnostic information.ConclusionOverall, this combined approach was effective across imaging targets and receiver configurations and could greatly benefit ongoing and future HP 13C MRI research through major aSNR improvements.
Comparison of thermal and fire properties of carbon/epoxy laminate composites manufactured using two forming processes
Authors: Xu Yanying , Lv Chao , Shen Ruiqing , Wang Zhi , Wang Qingsheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarbon/epoxy composites have been widely used in the aviation industry. However, the flammability of epoxy resins is of great concern within the industry. Currently, vacuum bag and autoclave forming processes are the most commonly used processes for composites. To compare the thermal and fire properties of carbon/epoxy laminate composites manufactured using these two forming processes, a comprehensive experimental investigation and theoretical analysis was carried out in this work. The glass transition temperatures and epoxy resin matrix content in composites were determined. Several thermal and fire properties were quantitatively evaluated, including onset decomposition temperature, time to ignition, mass loss rate (MLR), and heat release rate (HR). The morphologies of specimens before combustion were also observed. For vacuum bag (VB)‐C/ELC and A‐C/ELC, the critical heat flux (14.48 and 20.56 kW m−2), thermal response parameter (165.56 and 204.49 kW s1/2 m−2), heat of gasification (9.13 and 20.10 MJ kg−1), and theoretical heat of combustion (33.27 and 43.82 MJ kg−1) were calculated and compared using the thermal behavior model, MLR model, and heat release rate model, respectively. It has been found that the forming process can significantly affect the fire properties of carbon/epoxy laminate composites. More specifically, the carbon/epoxy laminate composites formed using autoclave forming processes have more combustion resistance and thus have improved fire properties.