bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Federico Barocci
Authors: Verstegen Ian 
Published: April 2020

Federico Barocci (b. c. 1532–d. 1612) was the most famous and well-paid Italian artist of the later 16th and early 17th centuries. Born in Urbino to a prosperous artisan family, he traveled to Rome in the early 1950s and then again in the early 1560s, receiving a papal commission through his elder countryman Taddeo Zuccaro. In the meantime, he began to receive local commissions, leading to his breakthrough Deposition in Perugia Cathedral in 1569. The work announced Barocci’s mature, reforming style, which disciplined latent Maniera (Mannerist) influences in Italy at the time in favor of life observation and careful construction of the painting through numerous stages of drawing. Barocci went on to provide a series of important altarpieces in Arezzo (Madonna del Popolo, 1579) and Ravenna (Martyrdom of St. Vitalis, 1583), leading to a series of important Roman commissions that cemented his reputation (Visitation, 1586; Presentation, 1603, both Chiesa Nuova; and Communion of the Apostles, 1608, Santa Maria sopra Minerva). Barocci’s reputation was strong in the 17th century but dropped off in the 18th, perhaps due to the sentimentality of his painting. Therefore, literature about the artist is not large, in spite of the fact that research has picked up substantially over the last few years. Today, Barocci is recognized for his importance for his time and also—in spite of ideas about his painting style—one of the most brilliant draftsmen of the Early Modern period. For a review of Barocci’s recent change in critical acceptance, see “‘Maniera sfumata, dolce, e vaga’: The Recent Canonization of Federico Barocci.” Perspective 1 (2015): 161–168 (cited under Monographs).
Jansenism
Authors: O'Connor Thomas 
Published: April 2020

One of a number of theological tendencies within early modern Catholicism, Jansenism derives its name from Cornelius Jansen (b. 1585–d. 1638), bishop of Ypres. The term, coined by Jansen’s Jesuit critics, came into general use only in the 1640s, when his Augustinus (1640) was posthumously published in Leuven. Its appearance marked a fresh outbreak of an ancient dispute within Western Christianity concerning the nature of divine grace and its operation in both the individual believer and the Christian community. Jansen’s supporters intended the book as a rebuttal of a doctrine of grace, which was traced to the 5th-century heretic Pelagius, and which they ascribed to the Jesuits and their sympathizers. The Augustinus, and the reaction to it, crystalized a range of theological positions that, over the following decades, garnered support among clerical and lay Catholic groups in Flanders, France, Rome, and further afield. It is impossible to reduce those either accused of or professing Jansenism to a common set of doctrines, but they did share certain attitudes. The doctrinal authority of the Church Fathers, particularly Augustine, was supreme; their religious anthropology was pessimistic; their moral views were rigorist; and they were sensitive to issues of authority and conscience. Over the following two centuries, the efforts by theologians, pastors, and spiritual directors to define the role of individual conscience under the influence of divine grace involved Jansenists in successive contestations of papal, episcopal, regal, and civil authority. Although Jansenism’s cradle was Flanders, it is more usually associated with France, where it influenced religious and political life until the Revolution. Rome was another Jansenist theater, where pressure groups alternately supported and anathematized it, leading to a number of ill-conceived, politically motivated, and highly publicized papal condemnations of Jansenist texts. The movement found sympathizers all over Catholic Europe, especially in zones of religious tension like England, Holland, and Ireland. Later, versions of Jansenism became popular with reforming Catholic administrations in the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and Portugal. In the late 18th century, French clerics and laity with Jansenist sympathies contributed to the suppression of the Jesuits. They also supported religious reforms intended to undermine both royal and papal authority. The failure of these schemes, together with the success of Napoleon’s 1801 Concordat, ended Jansenist-inspired political activities. Jansenist sympathies, however, survived; the 19th century saw the literary retrieval of the movement, especially in its Port-Royal version. From the mid-20th century, the study of Jansenism shed some of its denominational and romantic baggage to become a useful if not always well-used category for the study of early modern Catholicism.
Thoracic paravertebral involvement in patients with IgG4-related disease: CT and MR imaging findings
Authors: Zhang Zaizhu , Guan Wenmin , Lin Qiang , Yu Wei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To retrospectively evaluate CT and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging thoracic paravertebral findings at baseline and follow-up in patients with IgG4-related disease.

Methods
The study consisted of 36 patients with IgG4-related disease involving thoracic paravertebral regions (32 men and four women; mean age, 58 years; range, 25–78 years). A total of 36 patients underwent CT or MR imaging at baseline; 20 patients underwent follow-up. CT and MR images were reviewed and analysed in consensus by two radiologists for the various features of thoracic paravertebral lesions.

Results
All lesions were located around two or more thoracic vertebrae, particularly the lower thoracic vertebrae (n = 36). The right side of vertebrae was predominantly affected in all cases (n = 36). Radiologically, IgG4-related thoracic paravertebral lesions were categorized into three types: solitary or multiple saddle-like masses type (32 patients); multiple nodules type (three patients); and invasively irregular mass type (three patients). All the types showed soft-tissue density on CT images, isointense on T1- and T2-weighted images, and homogeneous enhancement with penetration of small arteries in the lesions on contrast-enhanced CT and MR images. Steroid therapy administered to 20 patients dramatically diminished the mean maximum thickness in 18 patients. One patient with T7-12 vertebrae involved improved after steroid therapy.

Conclusion
IgG4-related paravertebral lesions occur mainly around the right side of the lower thoracic vertebrae and manifest as three major patterns of CT and MR imaging findings. Recognition of these diagnostic features will assist in the diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-related disease.
Behavior science in the evolving world of digital health: considerations on anticipated opportunities and challenges
Authors: Sucala Madalina , Cole-Lewis Heather , Arigo Danielle , Oser Megan , Goldstein Stephanie , Hekler Eric B , Diefenbach Michael A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Digital health promises to increase intervention reach and effectiveness for a range of behavioral health outcomes. Behavioral scientists have a unique opportunity to infuse their expertise in all phases of a digital health intervention, from design to implementation. The aim of this study was to assess behavioral scientists’ interests and needs with respect to digital health endeavors, as well as gather expert insight into the role of behavioral science in the evolution of digital health. The study used a two-phased approach: (a) a survey of behavioral scientists’ current needs and interests with respect to digital health endeavors (n = 346); (b) a series of interviews with digital health stakeholders for their expert insight on the evolution of the health field (n = 15). In terms of current needs and interests, the large majority of surveyed behavioral scientists (77%) already participate in digital health projects, and from those who have not done so yet, the majority (65%) reported intending to do so in the future. In terms of the expected evolution of the digital health field, interviewed stakeholders anticipated a number of changes, from overall landscape changes through evolving models of reimbursement to more significant oversight and regulations. These findings provide a timely insight into behavioral scientists’ current needs, barriers, and attitudes toward the use of technology in health care and public health. Results might also highlight the areas where behavioral scientists can leverage their expertise to both enhance digital health’s potential to improve health, as well as to prevent the potential unintended consequences that can emerge from scaling the use of technology in health care.
Columnar growth phenotype in apple results from gibberellin deficiency by ectopic expression of a dioxygenase gene
Authors: Okada Kazuma , Wada Masato , Takebayashi Yumiko , Kojima Mikiko , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Nakayasu Masaru , Mizutani Masaharu , Nakajima Masatoshi , Moriya Shigeki , Shimizu Taku , Abe Kazuyuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe apple cultivar McIntosh Wijcik, which is a mutant of ‘McIntosh’, exhibits a columnar growth phenotype (short internodes, few lateral branches, many spurs, etc.) that is controlled by a dominant Co gene. The candidate gene (MdDOX-Co), encoding a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, is located adjacent to an insertion mutation. Non-columnar apples express MdDOX-Co in the roots, whereas columnar apples express MdDOX-Co in the aerial parts as well as in the roots. However, the function of MdDOX-Co remains unknown. Here, we characterized tobacco plants overexpressing MdDOX-Co. The tobacco plants showed the typical dwarf phenotype, which was restored by application of gibberellin A3 (GA3). Moreover, the dwarf tobacco plants had low concentrations of endogenous bioactive gibberellin A1 (GA1) and gibberellin A4 (GA4). Similarly, ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ contained low endogenous GA4 concentration and its dwarf traits (short main shoot and internodes) were partially reversed by GA3 application. These results indicate that MdDOX-Co is associated with bioactive GA deficiency. Interestingly, GA3 application to apple trees also resulted in an increased number of lateral branches and a decrease in flower bud number, indicating that gibberellin (GA) plays important roles in regulating apple tree architecture by affecting both lateral branch formation (vegetative growth) and flower bud formation (reproductive growth). We propose that a deficiency of bioactive GA by ectopic expression of MdDOX-Co in the aerial parts of columnar apples not only induces dwarf phenotypes but also inhibits lateral branch development and promotes flower bud formation, and assembly of these multiple phenotypes constructs the columnar tree form.
Identification and Characterization of Dual‐Acting Small Molecule Modulators targeting Secretin Receptors
Authors: Dengler Daniela G. , Sun Qing , Kaleeckal Harikumar G. , Beutel Jannis , Holleran John , Pollari Sirkku , Ma Chen-Ting , Miller Laurence J. , Sergienko Eduard 
Published: April 2020

The Secretin receptor (SCTR) has been cloned as the first member of class B G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs)
, giving rise to this highly important group of therapeutic targets, which are crucial for hormonal homeostasis
. Despite the wide recognition of their functional importance, the development of potent small molecule ligands for Class B GPCRs remained challenging
. To date, no ligands other than secretin peptide and its close analogs are known to interact with SCTRs, despite its therapeutic relevance in multiple diseases, such as heart failure, obesity, diabetes and cancer
. In order to enhance our chances for discovering orally bioavailable drug candidates targeting an ‚undruggable’ class B GPCR, we focused our efforts on the identification of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), which are likely to interact via structurally distinct binding sites and potentiate effects of native hormones and neurotransmitters
.We developed a comprehensive tool box with robust high‐throughput screening and lead characterization/optimization assays capable of identifying and characterizing biologically relevant SCTR small molecule modulators. The dominant physiological coupling of SCTRs occurs via Gs proteins. Hence, we utilized this signaling mechanism to establish diverse cAMP accumulation assays suitable for simultaneous detection of PAMs modulating secretin and its potential metabolites. We also established a TR‐FRET based binding assay to further characterize potential PAMs with respect to their kinetic properties. Since functional selectivity has been proven to be therapeutically relevant for this family of membrane proteins, we additionally designed assays to investigate signaling mechanisms beyond Gs protein coupling, such as β‐arrestin recruitment, receptor internalization and calcium flux.High‐throughput screening (HTS) of a 360,000 compound library provided promising sets of hits, which have been further investigated regarding their allosteric activity and mechanism of action. We identified three related scaffolds with significant PAM activity at SCTRs. Selectivity studies revealed that this specific set of compounds demonstrated positive modulation not only on SCTRs but also on GLP‐1Rs (glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptors). Interestingly, dual activation of SCTRs and GLP‐1Rs has been shown to be beneficial for appetite regulation and glucose homeostasis without having proliferative effects on exocrine or total pancreas mass
.To conclude, HTS and the development of a diverse panel of binding and functional assays has led to the discovery of small molecules with a unique dual‐acting pharmacological profile and potential to serve as starting points for developing first‐in‐class drug candidates for the treatment of comorbid conditions obesity and diabetes.Support or Funding Information
Funding: NHLBI award 5R01HL133501
Contemporary Treatment of Antimicrobial Resistant S. aureus, HCV and HIV infection: A Case Study.
Authors: Bassey Gertrude O. , Einstein George P , Tulp Orien Lee 
Published: April 2020

The human body typically faces multiple threats of potentially infectious agents on a daily basis. As more advanced antimicrobial and antiviral agents are developed, the strains of microbes, bacteria and viruses all too often develop biochemical and immunologic strategies to survive and escape therapeutic eradication. The human immune system is generally designed to protect the body against virtually everything microscopic that may penetrate the body. The antibiotic/antimicrobial/antiviral therapies are not always as effective for patients with diabetes or other immunocompromised status.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe integrated biophotonics method therapy was based on electron charge (“e”), and for each photon transition a probability may be obtained (biophotonic therapy, BioP). The Case Studies referenced above were conducted on infected patients with S. aureus, HIV or HVC in years 2001 – 2002 at the Einstein Clinical Laboratories in the Dominican Republic. After only 14 to 21 days of the BioP therapies the treatment was found to be highly effective in eliminating the infectious diseases, with both antibody levels and clinical evidence of continuing recovery from illness decreasing to nil. BioP therapy uses ultraviolet light, and is safe. All patients signed a medical treatment consent for the BioP treatments. The treatment was conducted in Einstein Clinical Laboratories S.A. The therapy was conducted by 7 to 10 episodes of auto‐transfusion of heparinized blood over the 14 ro 21 days of BioP treatment. In each treatment blood, from the patient was collected to a heparinized container from the vein of the upper arm in volume of 250 ml to 400 ml based on weight of the patients under sterile conditions. This blood was transmitted to the BioP apparatus and exposure to photonic quantum energy of UV light at 254 nm wavelength over a duration of 20 minutes. This blood was then returned to the patient from whom it had been obtained minutes earlier via a sterile closed circuit to the patient by auto‐transfusion. This procedure was repeated over 14 to 21 days. The macrobiotic diet, containing mixed grains, mixed vegetables and fruits was recommended to patient followed by Yoga as a complement to the BioP therapy.RESULTSThe influence of controlled UV treatment of blood stimulates the immune system to activate cytokine induced expression of mRNA during pro‐inflammation for the HIV and HVC, and suggests a clear explanation about the decreasing of the inflammation that was observed after the photonic quantum energy BioP therapy.Support or Funding InformationSupport from University of Science Arts & Technology, Montserrat and the Einstein Medical Institute USA/ Einstein Clinical Laboratories SA.
Late embryonic skull anomalies in mice carrying the Fgfr2 W290R Crouzon mutation
Authors: Pitirri M. Kathleen , Motch Perrine Susan M. , Takenaka Risa , Marcucio Ralph , Richtsmeier Joan 
Published: April 2020

FGFR2 has two major isoforms, IIIb and IIIc, generated through alternative splicing with their own temporal, spatial, and ligand‐binding specificities. Dysregulated signaling of both IIIb and IIIc isoforms of Fgfr2 contribute to the phenotypic changes seen in Crouzon patients carrying the W290R mutation. Previous postnatal studies of mice carrying a Fgfr2W290R/+ mutation have shown that heterozygote mutant mice were similar in shape at birth to their unaffected littermates but presented with dome shaped skulls, shortened snouts, and variable nasal‐septal defects leading to relatively decreased anterior‐posterior skull lengths by 8 weeks of age. In this study, we acquired microCT images of the heads of Fgfr2+/W290R mice at embryonic day 17.5 (E17.5). Using a calcium hydroxyapatite phantom, we used a threshold for bone (80 mg/cm3), and landmarked the skulls of the nine Fgfr2+/W290R and nine Fgfr2+/+ specimens in Avizo 9.4. Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were performed to identify and statistically test for morphological differences between these groups. PCA results indicate a phenotypic separation of unaffected and mutant individuals, while EMDA results specify the localized differences responsible for group separation. This analysis shows that relative to Fgfr2+/+ specimens, Fgfr2+/W290R specimens present with a more rounded, domed vault with the largest magnitude differences at the most posterior aspect of the head. Additionally, at E17.5, no reduction in snout length was noted in Fgfr2+/W290R mice. Our results indicate the initiation of craniofacial dysmorphology by E17.5 in Fgfr2+/W290R mice, with the vault being most affected.Support or Funding InformationR01‐DE019638, R01‐DE018234, R01‐DE022988; R01 DE027677, P01 HD078233
Biological Functions for STARD5 Assessed Using stard5−/− Mice
Authors: Clark Barbara J. , Khundmiri Syed J. , Lederer Eleanor D. , Gregg Ronald G. , Cheng Alan 
Published: April 2020

STARD5 belongs to the StAR‐Related Lipid‐transfer (START) domain protein superfamily and is proposed to contribute to intracellular non‐vesicular cholesterol transport. STARD5 is a soluble sterol‐binding protein that is induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, yet testing for a biological function needs to consider the conflicting data on whether the preferred ligand for STARD5 is cholesterol and 25‐hydroxycholesterol or bile acids, including chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). Our work has characterized STARD5 expression in kidney and we reported that STARD5 and cholesterol levels are increased in kidneys of the OVE diabetic mouse model compare to wild‐type controls, and that STARD5 is increased in cell culture by the ER stress inducer tunicamycin. Cholesterol accumulation in the ER is known to promote ER stress; however, the significance of the association between elevated renal cholesterol, ER stress, and STARD5 in diabetic kidney remains to be determined. We propose STARD5 indirectly controls cholesterol homeostasis via modulating farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activity. FXR is a nuclear receptor that binds CDCA and activation of FXR contributes to maintaining fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis in diabetic kidney disease. To test whether STARD5 affects FXR signaling we generated whole body STARD5 knock‐out mice (stard5−/−) using CRISPR‐Cas9 and compared the FXR target gene expression in the knockout and WT kidney. There was no difference in body weight, liver weight/body weight ratio, or kidney weight/body weight ratio between stard5−/− mice compared to wild‐type littermate controls (WT) (male mice n = 5 WT; n= 7 stard5−/−). We will present data from current studies focused on determining whether there are differences in tissue histology, lipid accumulation, and FXR target gene expression between stard5−/− mice and WT littermate controls.Support or Funding InformationBiochemistry & Molecular Genetics Departmental Funds to BJC
From Arabidopsis to crops: a molecular tool to increase protein content and broad disease resistance
Authors: Li Ling 
Published: April 2020

Crop plants must integrate signals from the environment and prioritize responses to stresses that may occur individually or simultaneously throughout the growing season. Stress responses can adversely affect plant growth and quality traits such as protein and starch. The ability to optimize protein productivity of plant‐based foods has far‐ranging impact on world health and sustainability. Plant diseases each year cause major losses to crop production. The Arabidopsis thaliana QQS (Qua Quine Starch) orphan gene modulates carbon allocation to protein and starch
1. Ectopic QQS expression increases protein content
2 in leaf and seed in soybean, in corn and rice
3,
4. QQS transcript levels are altered in plants under stresses and in mutants of genes involved in all sorts of stress responses, indicating that QQS may integrate primary metabolism with environmental perturbations, thus adjusting the plant’s adaption to abiotic and biotic stresses
5. The QQS protein binds to a transcriptional regulator in Arabidopsis and its homologs in crops: Nuclear Factor Y subunit C4 (NF‐YC4). NF‐YC4 overexpression mimics QQS‐overexpression phenotype
4. Mutants overexpressing QQS or NF‐YC4 have significantly increased resistance to plant pathogens and pests
6,
7. We are developing a non‐transgenic strategy to create high‐protein crops and enhance broad‐spectrum disease resistance
6. Transcriptomics analyses enable new discovery to advance basic research and application in crops.Support or Funding Information1) Iowa Soybean Association: Non‐transgenic soybeans with broad plant disease resistance and high protein. 2) National Science Foundation MCB #0951170: Uncovering novel signaling interactions in plant metabolic networks. 3) United Soybean Board: High‐protein soybeans.