bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hartz and Minds: Happiness Effects of Reforming an Employment Agency
Authors: Deter Max 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince the labor market reforms around 2005, known as the Hartz reforms, Germany has experienced declining unemployment rates. However, little is known about the reforms’ effect on individual life satisfaction of unemployed workers. This study applies difference-in-difference estimations and finds a decrease in life satisfaction after the reforms that is more pronounced for male unemployed in west Germany. The effect is driven by income and income satisfaction, but not by the unemployment rate. Also unemployed persons who exogenously lost their jobs are affected by the reforms. In line with the structure of the reforms, the effect is stronger on long-term and involuntarily unemployed persons.
The physics of representation
Authors: Poldrack Russell A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe concept of “representation” is used broadly and uncontroversially throughout neuroscience, in contrast to its highly controversial status within the philosophy of mind and cognitive science. In this paper I first discuss the way that the term is used within neuroscience, in particular describing the strategies by which representations are characterized empirically. I then relate the concept of representation within neuroscience to one that has developed within the field of machine learning (in particular through recent work in deep learning or “representation learning”). I argue that the recent success of artificial neural networks on certain tasks such as visual object recognition reflects the degree to which those systems (like biological brains) exhibit inherent inductive biases that reflect the structure of the physical world. I further argue that any system that is going to behave intelligently in the world must contain representations that reflect the structure of the world; otherwise, the system must perform unconstrained function approximation which is destined to fail due to the curse of dimensionality, in which the number of possible states of the world grows exponentially with the number of dimensions in the space of possible inputs. An analysis of these concepts in light of philosophical debates regarding the ontological status of representations suggests that the representations identified within both biological and artificial neural networks qualify as legitimate representations in the philosophical sense.
Regulation of Social Stress and Neural Degeneration by Activity-Regulated Genes and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Kent Clement , Agrawal Pavan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTranscriptional and epigenetic regulation of both dopaminergic neurons and their accompanying glial cells is of great interest in the search for therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this review, we collate transcriptional and epigenetic changes identified in adult Drosophila melanogaster dopaminergic neurons in response to either prolonged social deprivation or social enrichment, and compare them with changes identified in mammalian dopaminergic neurons during normal development, stress, injury, and neurodegeneration. Surprisingly, a small set of activity-regulated genes (ARG) encoding transcription factors, and a specific pattern of epigenetic marks on gene promoters, are conserved in dopaminergic neurons over the long evolutionary period between mammals and insects. In addition to their classical function as immediate early genes to mark acute neuronal activity, these ARG transcription factors are repurposed in both insects and mammals to respond to chronic perturbations such as social enrichment, social stress, nerve injury, and neurodegeneration. We suggest that these ARG transcription factors and epigenetic marks may represent important targets for future therapeutic intervention strategies in various neurodegenerative disorders including PD.
Taking Preprimary Programs to Scale in Developing Countries: Multi-source Evidence to Improve Primary School Completion Rates
Authors: Crouch Luis , King Katherine , Olefir Anna , Saeki Hiroshi , Savrimootoo Tanya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe paper argues that in many developing countries there is a set of linked symptoms in education systems that cohere into what we call a weak foundations syndrome. Multi-source evidence is presented to illustrate how weak foundations through the early years of schooling lead to low primary school completion. Symptoms of the syndrome include (1) low access, use, and quality in preprimary programs; (2) permanently high apparent rate of intake (above 100%) into grade 1; (3) over-enrollment bulge, in the early grades, as well as formal and informal grade repetition through primary school; (4) apparent large enrollment drop-off between grades 1 and 2. Small stories for Burundi, Madagascar, and Ethiopia are presented to illustrate the syndrome. These cases also identify how countries and international organizations are starting to address the issues. An interesting aspect of the findings is the data that show parents’ support for preprimary education by enrolling their children earlier than the normative age for grade 1.
No impact of a prescription booklet on medication consumption in nursing home residents from 2011 to 2014: a controlled before–after study
Authors: Sanchez Stéphane , Payet Cécile , Herr Marie , Ecarnot Fiona , Blochet Caroline , Armaingaud Didier , Chrusciel Jan , Novella Jean-Luc , Mahmoudi Rachid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Older persons are particularly exposed to adverse events from medication. Among the various strategies to reduce polypharmacy, educational approaches have shown promising results. We aimed to evaluate the impact on medication consumption, of a booklet designed to aid physicians with prescriptions for elderly nursing home residents.

Methods
Among 519 nursing homes using an electronic pill dispenser, we recorded the daily number of times that a drug was administered for each resident, over a period of 4 years. The intervention group comprised 113 nursing homes belonging to a for-profit geriatric care provider that implemented a booklet delivered to prescribers and pharmacists and specifically designed to aid with prescriptions for elderly nursing home residents. The remaining 406 nursing homes where no such booklet was introduced comprised the control group. Data were derived from electronic pill dispensers. The effect of the intervention on medication consumption was assessed with multilevel regression models, adjusted for nursing home status. The main outcomes were the average daily number of times that a medication was administered and the number of drugs with different presentation identifier codes per resident per month.

Results
96,216 residents from 519 nursing homes were included between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2014. The intervention group and the control group both decreased their average daily use of medication (− 0.05 and − 0.06). The booklet did not have a statistically significant effect (exponentiated difference-in-differences coefficient 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.99–1.02, P = .45).

Conclusion
We observed an overall decrease in medication consumption in both the control and intervention groups. Our analysis did not provide any evidence that this reduction was related to the use of the booklet. Other factors, such as national policy or increased physician awareness, may have contributed to our findings.
APOE ε4 allele modified the correlation between deep grey matter volume and cognitive performance in non-demented elders
Authors: Li Weiping , Xie Yu , Yu Tingting , Wu Wenbo , Wang Kun , Wu Sichu , Qing Zhao , Zhang Xin , Li Ming , Liu Renyuan , Yin Zhenyu , Zhang Bing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAPOE ε4 allele is the strongest predictor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk, but its role in the association between the deep grey matter volume and cognitive impairment is still unclear. This study investigated the effects of APOE ε4 allele on this association in non-demented elders. We enrolled 24 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 28 normal controls (NC), who underwent the whole brain 3DTIW MRI scanning, an APOE genotype test, and neuropsychological tests. The right thalamus (p = 0.026), the left pallidum (p = 0.026), and the bilateral amygdala (left p = 0.042, right p = 0.048) atrophied in MCI, and their volume were positively correlated with the cognitive scores (MoCA) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the general liner regression model suggested that the correlation between the right thalamus and the putamen volume with MoCA scores was different in the APOE ε4 carriers and non- carriers. Compared with the non APOEε4 carriers, the right thalamus atrophied more rapidly when the cognition decline in APOE ε4 carriers, while the right putamen compensatory expansion to slow the rate of cognitive decline although failed. This suggested that the right putamen showed stronger compensation by increasing the volume at the early stage of cognitive impairments in the APOE ε4 carriers, while this compensatory change had been disappeared in the right thalamus. In conclusion, APOE ε4 allele modifies the correlation between the right thalamus, the right putamen, and MoCA scores, and it has a potential selective effect on the relationship between cognition and brain structures to some extent in non-demented elders.
Arceoaster hintei n. gen. n. sp., a late Silurian homeomorphic asteroid (Echinodermata, Hudsonasteridae)
Authors: Blake Daniel B. , Sprinkle James 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe late Silurian Arceoaster hintei new genus new species (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) is based on a single complete specimen from the lower Hunton Group of southern Oklahoma. Overall ossicular arrangement enables assignment of the new genus to the Paleozoic stem-family Hudsonasteridae; however, Arceoaster n. gen. is homeomorphic with members of the post-Paleozoic crown-group Goniasteridae. Because Arceoaster n. gen. is a hudsonasterid, and because similar morphologic expressions are not known among described taxa from later in the Paleozoic or the early Mesozoic, similarities between Arceoaster n. gen. and later genera are homoplastic, thereby providing an example of iterative evolution within Asteroidea. The Arceoaster n. gen. specimen is associated with a rich and diverse invertebrate fauna typical of its time interval and environmental setting; nothing suggests an unusual habitat. Selective pressures leading to homoplasy are conjectural, although robust construction among extant asteroids has been associated with a defensive life strategy.UUID: http://zoobank.org/b1d8461d-7e54-43cc-8719-97304ca3fd7a
Involving Experiences: Audiencing and Co-reception inPleasure Garden
Authors: BROWNING JOSEPH 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article takes a site-specific, interactive sound installation calledPleasure Gardenas a space for thinking about contemporary forms of musical experience. I develop a relational account of the ‘co-reception’ ofPleasure Garden, not centred on listening subjects, but distributed across audience members, artists, researchers and the more-than-human assemblage of the installation itself. I also discuss the effects of several overlapping cultures of ‘audiencing’ associated with Western art music, sound art and other forms of cultural experience – variously individualistic, distracted and participatory – characteristic of late capitalism. Tracing howPleasure Gardenboth responded to and was interrupted by these wider forces, I take this case as suggestive of a deep ambivalence: that musical experience is at once powerfully conditioned and generatively uncertain. Throughout the article, problems of method, interpretation and representation intertwine, raising questions about how to study forms of musical experience that evade conventional ethnographic enquiry.
A framework for the socio-economic evaluation of rearing systems of dairy calves with or without cow contact
Authors: Knierim Ute , Wicklow Dagmar , Ivemeyer Silvia , Möller Detlev 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInterest in dairy calf rearing systems with cow-calf contact during the milk feeding period is increasing among farmers, advisors and researchers, but socio-economic consequences have only scarcely been investigated yet. In this research reflection we develop a suggestion for a socio-economic methodical framework that is suitable for the wide variation of cow calf rearing systems, farm, market and societal conditions. Based on a literature based, system-theoretical structuring of involved elements, and on full cost accounting in an exemplary case study concerning two model farms, we itemize monetary factors, and additionally important non-monetary factors, that should be included in a socio-economic evaluation. This process also revealed further research needs. We propose as a next research step to gather a greater number of real farm data including different rearing systems and to perform individual full cost accountings, in order to identify input and output patterns on this basis. This might not only help to provide a robust basis for economic decision making, but also help to fill research gaps concerning long-term effects of calf rearing with cow contact. In addition, ways should be explored on how to take non-monetary effects into account.
Heat stress in dairy calves from birth to weaning
Authors: Bakony Mikolt , Jurkovich Viktor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis Research Reflection collects current knowledge on the effects of heat stress in dairy calves. Chapters cover the concept of foetal programming, animal-based and environmental indicators of heat stress in the postnatal period, and methods of heat stress abatement. Conclusions for further research about economic efficiency, research methodology and an integrated approach of pre- and postnatal heat stress are also proposed.
Refining consumer attitudes to milk and dairy product purchase and use to reduce food waste and improve animal welfare on-farm
Authors: Brščić Marta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis Research Reflection raises awareness of the need to broaden perspectives and levels of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches when considering on-farm dairy cattle welfare. It starts with a brief overview of current animal welfare issues on dairy farms and how they are perceived by different stakeholders. Some divergences in points of view are discussed in more detail and the first steps in networking are mentioned. Particular emphasis is given to both milk and dairy product waste in industrialized countries and the potential effects of its reduction on changes in the production system. The needs for a quantification of such quota and retailer involvement are also analyzed from the perspective that on-farm animal welfare is directly linked to the amount of milk that might be removed from the food chain by adoption of welfare-friendly management, such as cow-calf systems.
Doing all things for God's glory, acting so that it is God who acts: Kierkegaard, Edwards, and the problem of total devotion
Authors: JOHNSON DANIEL M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article accomplishes two things. First, it explores and defends Kierkegaard's distinctive solution to the Problem of Total Devotion, a problem which has been helpfully identified by Robert Adams. Second, it extends that solution by advancing an interpretation of the command to do all things to the glory of God (1 Corinthians 10:31) according to which we are being commanded to intentionally make every one of our actions such that it simultaneously counts as a divine action: in other words, to act intentionally in all things such that it is God who acts through us.
Malnutrition, low diet quality and its risk factors among older adults with low socio-economic status: a scoping review
Authors: Nazri N. S. , Vanoh D. , Leng S. K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLow socio-economic status (SES) is often associated with various health-related problems. Therefore, the present paper aims to review the available literature to identify the prevalence of malnutrition, prevalence of poor diet quality and its associated risk factors among older adults with low SES. A literature search was performed using four databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer and Science Direct. The search terms used were ‘diet quality’, ‘nutritional status’, ‘dietary intake’, ‘overweight’, ‘obesity’, ‘underweight’, ‘older people’ and ‘low socioeconomic status (SES)’. The overall prevalence of undernutrition among older adults with low SES worldwide was in the range of 28·9 to 48 %, while overnutrition was reported to be between 8·1 to 28·2 %. In Asia, the prevalence of undernourished older adults ranged from 3 to 64·9 %, while 2·5 to 32·8 % were overnourished. Most of the studies (60 %) included in the present review used BMI as the tool to identify malnutrition, but none of the nutritional screening tools were considered to be the ‘gold standard’. For dietary assessment, FFQ and multiple 24 h dietary recall improved the estimation of individual dietary intake. Risk factors for poor diet quality included financial hardship, functional limitation, sex, place of residence, smoking and oral health. Poor nutritional status, especially lack of good-quality diet, and thinness are prevalent among older adults with low SES. Hence, it is important to establish nutrition-related programmes and intervention studies among this group of individuals for improving their health status and quality of life.
Housekeeping genes for RT-qPCR in ovine preimplantation embryos
Authors: Nascimento Pábola Santos , Moura Marcelo Tigre , Silva Roberta Lane Oliveira , Ramos-Deus Pamela , Ferreira-Silva José Carlos , Veira Joane Isis Travassos , Santos Filho Antônio Santana , Guido Sebastião Inocêncio , Bartolomeu Cláudio Coutinho , Benko-Iseppon Ana Maria , Oliveira Marcos Antonio Lemos 
Published: July 2020

SummaryHousekeeping genes (HKG) are paramount for accurate gene expression analysis during preimplantation development. Markedly, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in ovine embryos currently lacks HKGs. Therefore, we tested 11 HKGs for RT-qPCR normalization during ovine parthenogenetic preimplantation development. Seven HKGs reached the qPCR efficiency threshold (97.20–105.96%), with correlation coefficients ranging from −0.922 to −0.998 and slopes from −3.22 to −3.59. GeNorm ranked glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and TATA-binding protein (TBP) as the best HKG pair, while H3 histone, family 3A (H3F3A) was the third HKG. Relative gene expression was measured for zinc finger protein X-linked (ZFX) and developmental pluripotency-associated 3 (DPPA3) transcripts during ovine parthenogenetic preimplantation development. ZFX did not show any transcript abundance fluctuation among oocytes, cleavage-stage embryos, and morulae. DPPA3 transcript abundance was also similar among all developmental stages, therefore suggesting that it may not display a maternal gene expression profile. In silico analysis of ovine DPPA3 mRNA and protein showed high conservation to bovine orthologues. However, DPPA3 orthologues differed in regulatory motifs. In conclusion, GAPDH, TBP and H3F3A are stable HKGs in ovine parthenogenetic embryos and allow accurate RT-qPCR-based gene expression analysis.
Emotional regulation for adolescents: a group-based treatment pilot study through the STEPPS programme
Authors: Llorens Ruiz Ivan , Lopez Seco Fernando , Masana Marín Adela , San Martín Águila Esmeralda , Martínez Pinar Dina , Martín Alonso Sonsoles , Vilella Elisabet , Gutierrez-Zotes Alfonso 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground:Borderline personality disorder (BPD) usually begins in adolescence and manifests itself in adult life. Early intervention can improve the prognosis or reduce its severity. Nevertheless, there are currently few studies of adolescent patients with severe emotion instability and borderline personality traits.Aims:To evaluate the effectiveness of the Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) programme in a sample of 21 adolescents (aged 13–17 years) in the Child and Adolescents Mental Health Center of Tarragona in Spain.Method:We evaluated BPD traits using the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Disorder-Revised (DIB-R) and the Global Clinical Impression Scale of Illness Severity for TLP (CGI-TLP). We compared pre- and post-treatment scores for the DIB-R, CGI-GI scale, general psychopathology using the Personality Inventory for Adolescents (PAI-A) and impulsivity with the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11). The therapeutic objectives were evaluated with the Borderline Estimate Severity over Time (BEST) scale.Results:There was a statistically significant improvement in the scores for the affective area and in the total score of the DIB-R, a decrease in the percentage of patients who failed to meet criteria for BPD, and an improvement (although not statistically significant) in the scores of the BEST scale throughout the treatment. The results of the CGI-GI scale showed global improvement in almost 72% of patients.Conclusion:Our study suggests that STEPPS can be an effective treatment to improve BPD symptoms and is very useful in community settings with limited resources in which efficient treatment alternatives must be sought. However, this conclusion must be interpreted with caution, as there is no comparison control group.
A Right to Ourselves: Women's Suffrage and the Birth Control Movement
Authors: Prescott Heather Munro , Thompson Lauren MacIvor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe suffrage and birth control movements are often treated separately in historical scholarship. This essay brings together new research to demonstrate their close connections. Many suffragists became active in the birth control movement just before and after the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. The roots of suffrage arguments were deeply embedded in the same ideas that were foundational to the birth control movement: bodily freedom and notions of what constituted full and participatory citizenship. Beginning in the 1840s, women's rights reformers directly connected the vote to a broad range of economic and political issues, including the concept of self-ownership. Wide-ranging debates about individual autonomy remained present in women's rights rhetoric and were then repeated in the earliest arguments for legalizing birth control. The twentieth-century birth control movement, like the suffrage movement before it (which had largely focused only on achieving the vote for white women), would then grapple with competing goals of restrictive racist and eugenic arguments for contraception alongside the emphasis on achieving emancipation for all women.
Multinational enterprises, political institutions, and violence: a case study from Mozambique
Authors: Mairoce Carlos , Silberberger Magdalene , Zweynert Joachim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBased on the concept of limited and open access orders (LAO/OAO), this paper explains what appears to be a paradox: how was it possible that a former civil war country, Mozambique, which had been extremely successful in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) and which the International Monetary Fund praised as a great Sub-Sahara African success story in 2007, only a few years later found itself on the brink of a new civil war? We argue that the destabilization of the country was the result of a toxic mix of domestic politics and a massive inflow of FDI. FDI provided rents to an increasingly dominant state party, FRELIMO, which could be appropriated one-sidedly. It then used these rents to oppress RENAMO, its previous civil war enemy and currently its main opposition party, to monopolize power. This strategy seemed to be successful until RENAMO, faced with the risk of being politically marginalized (and of losing its rents accordingly), returned to armed conflict in 2013. By analyzing the links between the macro-level of national politics and the micro-level of an enterprise and by embedding the interplay between polity and economy into an international context, the paper also makes a theoretical contribution to the LAO/OAO concept.