bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Reducing Childhood Obesity Solve the Obesity Crisis in Australia?
Authors: Lung Thomas , Baur Louise A. , Bauman Adrian , Hayes Alison 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveChildhood obesity prevention has been identified as a key strategy to address the obesity crisis, with considerable investment by governments internationally. This study modeled the implications of entering adulthood at a lower or higher BMI (a consequence of changes in childhood obesity) and modeled how this would influence future numbers of adults with obesity in Australia.MethodsIn this study, a dynamic population model was used to investigate how obesity prevention in children could impact the future number of adults with obesity in Australia from 2015 to 2040. The base population was a nationally representative data set of 14,256 individuals (representing approximately 17 million adults) from the Australian Health Survey 2014‐2015. Each year, a new 20‐year‐old cohort was added to the simulated population, reflecting the transition to adulthood under scenarios of stable, increasing, or decreasing childhood obesity.ResultsTargeting and reducing childhood obesity will have only a small and delayed effect on adult obesity levels, with approximately 280,000 fewer adults with obesity by 2040.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of investing in and implementing obesity prevention programs across all ages, particularly in young adults, to successfully reduce the prevalence of adult obesity in Australia.
First‐Year Economic and Quality of Life Effects of the RAINBOW Intervention to Treat Comorbid Obesity and Depression
Authors: Goldhaber‐Fiebert Jeremy D. , Prince Lea , Xiao Lan , Lv Nan , Rosas Lisa G. , Venditti Elizabeth M. , Lewis Megan A. , Snowden Mark B. , Ma Jun 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveObesity and depression are prevalent and often co‐occurring conditions in the United States. The Research Aimed at Improving Both Mood and Weight (RAINBOW) randomized trial demonstrated the effectiveness of an integrated intervention for adults with both conditions. Characterizing the intervention’s economic effects is important for broader dissemination and implementation.MethodsThis study evaluated the cost (2018 US dollars) and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) impacts during RAINBOW’s first year, comparing intervention (n = 204) and usual‐care groups (n = 205). Outcomes included intervention delivery costs, differential changes in antidepressant medication spending compared with the pretrial year, differential changes in medical services spending compared with the pretrial year, and HRQoL changes from baseline using Euroqol‐5D US utility weights.ResultsRAINBOW’s 1‐year delivery cost per person was $2,251. Compared with usual care, annual antidepressant medication days increased more (38 days [95% CI: 4 to 72]; P = 0.027). Annual antidepressant medication spending had a larger, nonsignificant increase ($89 [95% CI: −$20 to $197]; P = 0.109). Annual spending on medical care services had a smaller, nonsignificant decrease (−$54 [95% CI: −$832 to $941]; P = 0.905). HRQoL had a nonsignificant increase (0.011 [95% CI: −0.025 to 0.047]; P = 0.546).ConclusionsThe RAINBOW intervention’s economic value will depend on how its 1‐year improvements in obesity and depression translate into long‐term reduced morbidity, delayed mortality, or averted costs.
Meso‐scale contribution to air–sea turbulent fluxes at GCM scale
Authors: Blein Sébastien , Roehrig Romain , Voldoire Aurore , Faure Ghislain 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParametrizations of sea surface turbulent fluxes used in general circulation models (GCMs) assume horizontal homogeneity of atmospheric properties at the grid‐cell scale. The present study assesses the contribution of the meso‐scale (i.e., subgrid) to the grid‐scale surface fluxes, for GCM resolution ranging from 20 to 200 km, and thus quantifies the associated GCM surface flux error. A coarse‐graining method allows for an a priori analysis of the subgrid information. It is based on an atmospheric reference dataset produced by the convection‐permitting operational model AROME. The meso‐scale relative contribution to GCM‐scale fluxes exceeding 10% is shown to have large regional patterns, with large values (up to 90%) and high frequency of occurrence (up to 76% of the time). These meso‐scale motions are not necessarily due to convective activity but also occur frequently under dynamical perturbation conditions. Contributions to surface fluxes, at both the GCM scale and the meso‐scale, are disentangled through a Reynolds decomposition. It is found that temperature and humidity meso‐scale heterogeneities do not contribute much to the GCM‐scale fluxes. The subgrid dynamical processes are the main meso‐scale contribution and consist of two parts. The first one represents the wind magnitude and wind direction heterogeneities and corresponds to the so‐called gustiness approach. It is clarified that the contribution of the gustiness wind in the transfer coefficients cannot be neglected. The second part is the contribution of the wind speed subgrid variance, which contributes up to 10% of the GCM‐scale momentum
flux.
Time‐dependent density functional theory investigations on structural modification in carbazole‐based organic photosensitizers to improve electron injection in dye‐sensitized solar cell
Authors: Majid Abdul , Sana Maryam , Khan Salah Ud‐Din , Ahmad Naeem 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe time‐dependent density functional theory approach, implemented at hybrid‐B3LYP, GGA‐PBE, and density functional‐based tight binding levels of theory, was used to model photoinjection in organic dye/TiO2 quantum dot to explore the prospects of improvement of dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The photosensitizer used in this study consisted of six carbazole‐based organic dyes, a cyanoacrylic acid group as an acceptor and an oligothiophene π‐bridge spacer. The modifications were made in the dyes by increasing the length of the spacer by adding thiophene and oxadiazole rings at different positions of the donor‐acceptor bridge. The structural variations appeared to alter the electronic and optical properties of dyes studied via energy levels and excitation spectra. The UV‐Vis spectra calculated for all the dyes in solvents exhibited a red shift in spectral peaks with an increase in the polarity of the solvents. The findings of the study pointed toward the indirect photoinjection of the dye‐(TiO2)96 complex for six different dyes. The substitution of the oxadiazole ring at the center and addition of a thiophene ring at the edge of the spacer produced two dyes that exhibited the lowest injection energies of 0.11 and 0.17 eV, along with the regeneration energies of 1.18 and 1.12 eV, respectively. The dyes reported here may have promising applications in photoanode for enhancing the performance of DSSC.
Two‐Stage Polyelectrolyte Assembly Orchestrated by a Clock Reaction
Authors: Sproncken Christian C M. , Gumí‐Audenis Berta , Panzarasa Guido , Voets Ilja K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractControlling the transient self‐assembly of (macro)molecular building blocks is of fundamental interest, both to understand the dynamic processes occurring in living systems and to develop new generations of functional materials. The subtle interplay between different types of physicochemical interactions, as well as the possible reaction pathways, are crucial when both thermodynamic and kinetic factors play substantial roles, as in the case of transient supramolecular assemblies. Clock reactions are a promising tool to achieve temporal control over self‐assembly in non‐living materials. Here, we report on the tunable association of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) fueled by the formaldehyde‐sulfite clock reaction. The electrostatic interaction between the large macromolecules and the small, oppositely charged sulfite ions gives rise to micron‐sized coacervate‐like complexes. As the clock proceeds, sulfite is completely depleted and the complexes dissociate. However, under suitable conditions, a subsequent reaction between the polyelectrolyte and formaldehyde can lock‐in the preformed supramolecular structure, giving rise to covalently crosslinked colloidal particles.
Prevalence of Leptospira serogroups in buffaloes from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Guedes Israel B. , de Souza Gisele O. , de Oliveira Lilian A. R. , Castro Juliana F. de P. , de Souza Filho Antônio F. , Maia Anderson L. P. , Heinemann Marcos B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough Brazil has one of the largest buffalo populations in the Americas, buffalo leptospirosis is still poorly explored when compared to that in bovines; thus, the aim of this research was to carry out a large serological study for leptospirosis in this species in the Brazilian Amazon. For this, we collected 1,405 serum samples from buffaloes raised in the Amazon delta region, which is considered a major area of buffalo production in Brazil. The test used was a microscopic agglutination test (MAT) adopting 34 Leptospira antigens, some of which have never been tested for buffaloes in Brazil, including autochthonous strains; in total, 20 serogroups were evaluated. From the total of 1,405 serum samples, 894 (63.6%) reacted in the MAT to at least one of the 20 serogroups, and 511 (36.4%) did not react. The serogroups Sejroe, Autumnalis and Pomona were the most prevalent, with titres ranging from 100 to 12,800, and the autochthonous strains used were not significant in relation to the reference serovars. Leptospirosis in buffaloes seems to have a serological profile similar to leptospirosis in cattle, mainly due to the prevalence of the Sejroe serogroup; however, the results of this study suggested that in the Brazilian Amazon, Leptospira strains that are serologically distinct from the autochthonous strains isolated in the southeastern region of Brazil may be circulating in these animals. Other serovars could also be inserted into the panel of antigens used in MAT for serological studies on buffaloes.
Machine‐learning scoring functions for structure‐based virtual screening
Authors: Li Hongjian , Sze Kam‐Heung , Lu Gang , Ballester Pedro J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMolecular docking predicts whether and how small molecules bind to a macromolecular target using a suitable 3D structure. Scoring functions for structure‐based virtual screening primarily aim at discovering which molecules bind to the considered target when these form part of a library with a much higher proportion of non‐binders. Classical scoring functions are essentially models building a linear mapping between the features describing a protein–ligand complex and its binding label. Machine learning, a major subfield of artificial intelligence, can also be used to build fast supervised learning models for this task. In this review, we analyzed such machine‐learning scoring functions for structure‐based virtual screening in the period 2015–2019. We have discussed what the shortcomings of current benchmarks really mean and what valid alternatives have been employed. The latter retrospective studies observed that machine‐learning scoring functions were substantially more accurate, in terms of higher hit rates and potencies, than the classical scoring functions they were compared to. Several of these machine‐learning scoring functions were also employed in prospective studies, in which mid‐nanomolar binders with novel chemical structures were directly discovered without any potency optimization. We have thus highlighted the codes and webservers that are available to build or apply machine‐learning scoring functions to prospective structure‐based virtual screening studies. A discussion of prospects for future work completes this review.This article is categorized under:Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
Crossing Paths with Hans Bodlaender: A Personal View on Cross-Composition for Sparsification Lower Bounds
Authors: Jansen Bart M. P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOn the occasion of Hans Bodlaender’s 60th birthday, I give a personal account of our history and work together on the technique of cross-composition for kernelization lower bounds. I present several simple new proofs for polynomial kernelization lower bounds using cross-composition, interlaced with personal anecdotes about my time as Hans’ PhD student at Utrecht University. Concretely, I will prove that Vertex Cover, Feedback Vertex Set, and the H-Factor problem for every graph H that has a connected component of at least three vertices, do not admit kernels of $$\mathcal {O}(n^{2-\varepsilon })$$

O
(

n

2
-
ε

)

bits when parameterized by the number of vertices n for any $$\varepsilon > 0$$

ε
>
0

, unless $$\mathsf {NP \subseteq coNP/poly}$$

NP
⊆
coNP
/
poly

. These lower bounds are obtained by elementary gadget constructions, in particular avoiding the use of the Packing Lemma by Dell and van Melkebeek.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis 8 (RME-8)/DNAJC13 is a novel positive modulator of autophagy and stabilizes cellular protein homeostasis
Authors: Besemer Anna S. , Maus Joanna , Ax Mirjam D. A. , Stein Anna , Vo Stella , Freese Christian , Nalbach Karsten , von Hilchen Christian , Pfalzgraf Ines F. , Koziollek-Drechsler Ingrid , Silva Beate , Huesmann Heike , Boukhallouk Fatima , Florin Luise , Kern Andreas , Behl Christian , Clement Albrecht M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) network responds effectively to insults. In a functional screen in C. elegans, we recently identified the gene receptor-mediated endocytosis 8 (rme-8; human ortholog: DNAJC13) as a component of the proteostasis network. Accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins, such as amyloid-β 42 (Aβ), α-synuclein, or mutant Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), were aggravated upon the knockdown of rme-8/DNAJC13 in C. elegans and in human cell lines, respectively. DNAJC13 is involved in endosomal protein trafficking and associated with the retromer and the WASH complex. As both complexes have been linked to autophagy, we investigated the role of DNAJC13 in this degradative pathway. In knockdown and overexpression experiments, DNAJC13 acts as a positive modulator of autophagy. In contrast, the overexpression of the Parkinson’s disease-associated mutant DNAJC13(N855S) did not enhance autophagy. Reduced DNAJC13 levels affected ATG9A localization at and its transport from the recycling endosome. As a consequence, ATG9A co-localization at LC3B-positive puncta under steady-state and autophagy-induced conditions is impaired. These data demonstrate a novel function of RME-8/DNAJC13 in cellular homeostasis by modulating ATG9A trafficking and autophagy.
Submerged micro grinding: a metalworking fluid application study
Authors: Arrabiyeh Peter A. , Heintz Marius , Kieren-Ehses Sonja , Bohley Martin , Kirsch Benjamin , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicro machining with micro pencil grinding tools (MPGTs) is an emerging technology that can be used to manufacture closed microchannel structures in hard and brittle materials as well as hardened steels like 16MnCr5. At their current operating conditions, these tools have a comparatively short tool life. In previous works, MPGTs in combination with a minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) system were used to manufacture microchannels in 16MnCr5 hardened steel. The study has shown that steel adhesions clog the abrasive layer of MPGTs, most likely resulting from insufficient lubrication. In this paper, a metalworking fluid (MWF) supply method was developed to improve the process: a submerged micro grinding process, in which machining takes place inside a pool of MWF. In this study, the effect of seven types of MWFs on material adhesions at the bottom surface of the tool is evaluated. Equivalent good MWFs are then compared in a micro pendulum grinding experiment till failure.
Do prostate cancer-related mobile phone apps have a role in contemporary prostate cancer management? A systematic review by EAU young academic urologists (YAU) urotechnology group
Authors: Jamnadass Enakshee , Rai Bhavan Prasad , Veneziano Domenico , Tokas Theodoros , Rivas Juan Gomez , Cacciamani Giovanni , Somani Bhaskar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aims and objectives
To review the available literature regarding the use of prostate cancer-related mobile phone applications (PCA).

Materials and methods
The search was for English language articles between inceptions of databases to June 2019. Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched. Full-text articles were reviewed, and the following data were extracted to aid with app analysis: name of application, developer, platform (Apple App Store or Google Play Store) and factors assessed by the article.

Results
The search yielded 1825 results of which 13 studies were included in the final review. 44 PCAs were identified from the data collected of which 59% of the PCAs had an educational focus. 11 apps were inactive and 5 weren’t updated within the last year. Five studies focused on the development and testing of apps (MyHealthAvatar, CPC, Rotterdam, Interaktor, NED). Two studies evaluated the readability of PCAs. Most PCAs had a reading level greater than that of the average patient. Two studies evaluated the quality and accuracy of apps. Majority of PCAs were accurate with a wide range of information. The study reported most PCAs to have deficient or insufficient scores for data protection. Two studies evaluated the accuracy of Rotterdam, CORAL and CPC risk calculators. Rotterdam was the best performer.

Conclusions
PCAs are currently in its infancy and do require further development before widespread integration into existing clinical practise. There are concerns with data protection, high readability standards and lack of information update in current PCAs. If developed appropriately with responsible governance, they do have the potential to play important roles in modern-day prostate cancer management
Algebraic multigrid for the finite pointset method
Authors: Metsch Bram , Nick Fabian , Kuhnert Jörg 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigate algebraic multigrid (AMG) methods for the linear systems arising from the discretization of Navier–Stokes equations via the finite pointset method. In the segregated approach, three pressure systems and one velocity system need to be solved. In the coupled approach, one of the pressure systems is coupled with the velocity system, leading to a coupled velocity-pressure saddle point system. The discretization of the differential operators used in FPM leads to non-symmetric matrices that do not have the M-matrix property. Even though the theoretical framework for many AMG methods requires these properties, our AMG methods can be successfully applied to these matrices and show a robust and scalable convergence when compared to a BiCGStab(2) solver.
Verbesserung des Fahrkomforts eines Straßenfahrzeuges durch Aufbauisolation mittels des passivitätsbasierten Regelungsansatzes IDA-PBC
Authors: Theilig Alexander 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Fahrwerk von Straßenfahrzeugen steht seit jeher für Fahrdynamik, Fahrsicherheit und Fahrkomfort. Der bewussten Einflussnahme auf diese Größen zur Auflösung von Designzwängen und Zielkonflikten wird sich bereits seit mehreren Jahrzehnten intensiv gewidmet. So zielt auch der vorliegende Beitrag auf Verbesserung des Fahrkomforts ab. Dies soll durch Isolation der Fahrzeugaufbaudynamik vom Rad mittels eines semiaktiven Fahrwerks erfolgen. Die Bewegungen des Rades sollen nicht mehr (vollständig) auf den Fahrzeugaufbau übertragen und somit dessen Schwingungsanregung reduziert werden. Regelungstechnisch umgesetzt wird dieser Ansatz anhand der passivitätsbasierten Regelungsmethode „Interconnection and Damping Assignment“ (IDA). Um die Freiheitsgrade bei der Reglersynthese bewusst einzuschränken, wurde eine systematische und physikalisch nachvollziehbare Vorgehensweise basierend auf der Analyse der stabilitätsrelevanten Teilsystemstruktur gewählt. Im Beitrag enthalten, ist eine kurze Einführung in die Systemtheorie zur Passivität, in „Port Controlled Hamiltonian Systems with Dissipation“ (PCHD-Systeme) sowie in die IDA Reglersynthese. Die Modellbildung basiert auf einen Viertelfahrzeugversuchsstand des Instituts für Steuer- und Regelungstechnik der Universität der Bundeswehr München. Anhand dieses Versuchsstands wurde eine Reglerparametrierung auf Basis von Simulationen und praktischer Erprobung durchgeführt. Abschließend erfolgt eine Betrachtung von Stabilität und Passivität zum geschlossenen System.
MRI-based static and functional assessment of complex hip deformities in comparison with CT: a validation study
Authors: Blum Sophia , Franken Lea , Hartmann Albrecht , Thielemann Falk , Plodeck Verena , Danowski Dirk , Kühn Jens-Peter , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Günther Klaus-Peter , Goronzy Jens 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed at investigating the agreement between predefined quantitative parameters of hip morphology derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and virtual range of motion (ROM) analysis using computed tomography (CT) as standard of reference.

Methods
Twenty patients (13 females, 7 males, 16–59 years) with hip deformities underwent MRI prior to surgery. Clockwise alpha angle, femoral head and neck diameter, collum caput diaphysis angle, femoral torsion, center-edge angles, acetabular coverage of the femoral head, sourcil angle, and acetabular anteversion were measured. Additionally, tern single and combined movements were simulated using a motion analysis program. The MRI findings were compared with the corresponding results obtained by CT. Correlation of MRI with CT was assessed using different statistical methods (intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland–Altmann plot, two one-sided t test), and linear regression analysis was performed.

Results
The results showed near-perfect intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for anteversion (0.95), acetabular sector angles (0.98–0.99), sourcil angle (0.95), and acetabular coverage (anterior 0.96, posterior 0.99). Intermethod correlation for femoral parameters showed almost perfect agreement except for the alpha angle (0.73–0.97). No significant proportional bias was detected for traditional acetabular and femoral parameters. ROM analysis was performed for 370 movements in 37 hips. For 78.4% (290/370) of the movements analysed, neither CT nor MRI detected impingement across the physiological ROM. For 18.6% (69/370) of the movements, impingement was detected by both CT and MRI, while 2.2% (8/370) of the movements with impingement in CT showed no impingement in MRI, and 0.8% (3/370) of the movements with impingement in MRI had no corresponding result in CT.

Conclusion
Finally, it was concluded that MRI-based assessment of hip morphology and virtual ROM analysis is feasible and can be performed with good intermethod agreement in comparison to the gold standard (CT). Therefore, MRI appears to be substantially equivalent to CT for use in virtual ROM analysis and so may reasonably be used in place of CT for this purpose.