bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal characterisation of profile features
Authors: Blateyron François , Leroy Bertrand 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Segmentation of profile features is mainly described in two standards: ISO 4287 for profile elements, used to calculate RSm and Rc, and ISO 12085 for profile motifs, used to calculate R&W parameters. These methods are commonly criticised for their unstability, although they provide valuable results when used in an adequate context [25]. A new profile segmentation based on watersheds is now introduced in ISO 21920-2 and ISO 16610-45, adapted from areal segmentation [ISO 25178-2, [22]. The areal feature parameters, chap. 3 in Characterisation of Areal Surface Texture, Leach Ed. Springer], with the hope to solve most of the existing problems. However, there are very few comparisons between these methods and almost no recommendations for the configuration of the watershed segmentation. This paper discusses the validity of applying segmentation methods on certain profiles and proposes a validity criterion. It then investigates algorithmic differences between the watershed segmentation and the classical Motifs method, compares the results between the two methods, and suggests guidelines and good practices to obtain significant correlations.
Micro mean-field Monte Carlo (MMFMC) method for Heisenberg ferromagnet with arbitrary spin and single-ion anisotropy
Authors: Khamdao Yongpao , Du An 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We proposed a micro mean-field Monte Carlo (MMFMC) method based on Metropolis single spin flip algorithm to calculate the thermodynamic properties of three-dimensional ferromagnet describerd by Heisenberg model. In MMFMC method, the actions of the neighboring spins on the selected spin is replaced approximately by their expected values multiplied by the exchange interactions between them, thus each spin is in a quantum state obtained by solving single spin Hamitonian in every MC step. The magnetization, internal energy, specific heat, longitudinal and transverse susceptibilities are calculated for SC, BCC and FCC ferromagnets with arbitray spin quantum number and single-ion anisotropy. it is found that the system shows phase transition phenomenon from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase with temperature decreasing, and the Curie temperatures obtained are consistent with those obtained by other theories.
Study on the enhanced tribological performance for titanium alloys by PEG oil/Zn-nanoparticles
Authors: Quan Xin , Xie Hongmei , Xu Xiangjun , Tang Jinzhu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work developed an effective and promising lubricant containing Zn nanoparticles and polyethylene glycol (PEG) base oil to deal with the tough problem of boundary lubrication for steel/Ti6Al4V. Tribological tests were carried out to investigate the boundary lubrication performances and the generation process of boundary protective films on the worn surface. Results showed that low and steady friction coefficient curves could be obtained by PEG suspensions with Zn nanoparticles after a very short ‘run-in’ period, and the main wear volume of Ti6Al4V was occurred during the ‘run-in’ period. The ZnO boundary protective films generated on the counterfaces of the Ti6Al4V disk and steel ball during the friction process. This strong and steady oxide films could effectively prevent direct contact between frictional pairs and provide excellent boundary lubrication performances. This work will contribute to the development of high performance lubricants for titanium alloys
Corrosion behavior of Inconel 625 deposited metal in molten KCl-MgCl2
Authors: Yang Taisen , Su Yunhai , Liu Hongyu , Dai Zhiyong , Liang Xuewei , Wu Xinggang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to investigate the corrosion behavior of Inconel 625 deposited metal in molten KCl and MgCl2, the corrosion behavior of deposited metal immersed in molten salt for 60 h at 700 °C and 900 °C was studied by static corrosion immersion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Geminisem300 were used to systematically study the phase composition, corrosion morphology and element distribution of the deposited metal. The results show that: the corrosion weight loss of the deposited metal showed an increasing trend at both temperatures, but the increasing range was different in different time intervals. The corrosion weight loss of the deposited metal increased slowly in the first 10 h, and increased sharply in the 10 h–60 h. It can be found that 10 h is the cut-off point of corrosion behavior. The corrosion rate is 0.03 mm/year at 700 °C and 0.50 mm/year at 900 °C for 10 h. The corrosion resistance of the deposited metal at 700 °C is better than that at 900 °C, which is due to the formation of dense MgO on the surface of the deposited metal at 700 °C, which hinders the corrosion reaction; at 900 °C, the content of CrCl3 on the surface of the deposited metal increases, resulting in a ‘shell breaking effect’, which destroys the MgO shell and forms NiCr2O4 with spinel structure. Its corrosion resistance is thus weakened.
Assessing the cost-effectiveness of DNA origami nanostructures for targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs to tumours
Authors: Coleridge Edward L , Dunn Katherine E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs are generally cytotoxic and can cause major side effects, including vomiting/nausea, fatigue, hair loss and pain. The use of targeted nanostructures to deliver drugs directly to tumours has the potential to reduce the side effects by decreasing the exposure of healthy cells and reducing the amount of drug needed. DNA can be used as a structural material to build drug-delivering nanorobots, but questions remain over the practicality of this approach. Here we show that it is potentially feasible for DNA nanostructure drug delivery to be more cost-effective than the drug-only approach. Our result suggests that the barriers to the development of DNA nanostructure-based drug delivery are likely to be primarily technical, regulatory and ethical rather than financial, as the potential exists for this to be a profitable therapeutic approach.
Constrained optimization towards marker-based tumor tracking in VMAT
Authors: Omotayo Azeez , Venkataraman Sankar , McCurdy Boyd 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study proposes that incorporating marker-based visibility constraints into the optimization of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) will generate treatment plans which not only ensure a higher chance of successfully applying real-time tumor tracking techniques, but also simultaneously satisfy dosimetric objectives. This was applied clinically and investigated for multiple disease sites (10 prostate, 5 liver, and 5 lung) using a radiotherapy optimization software (MonArc), where these new constraints were added to conventional dosimetric constraints. For all the investigated sites, three fiducial markers were located inside or around the planning target volume (PTV), and VMAT plans were created for each patient. We modified MonArc to analyze the multi-leaf collimator (MLC) beam’s-eye-view at all control points in the gantry arc, while including marker-based visibility constraints of type ‘hard’ (i.e. requiring 100% visibility of all markers, HC) and ‘soft’ (i.e. penalizes visibility for one marker [SCI] or two markers [SCII] only) in the optimization process. Dose distributions resulting from the constrained plans (HC, SCI, and SCII) were compared to the non-constrained plan (NC—plans optimized without visibility constraints) using several quantitative dose metrics including the conformity index, homogeneity index, doses to PTV and to organs-at-risk (OAR). Generally, the NC plan produced the best PTV dose conformity and the least OAR doses for the entire patient datasets, followed by the SC and then HC plans, with all the optimization approaches typically achieving acceptable dose metrics. Across the three disease sites, visibility of all three markers in MLC apertures increased from 32% to 100% of available control points as visibility constraints strengthened. Although dose metrics showed some deterioration for constrained plans (−6% for SCI up to −15% for HC using the PTV average index), the required dosimetric objectives were still satisfied in at least 90% of patients. In conclusion, we demonstrated that marker and tumour visibility constraints can be incorporated with dosimetric objectives to produce treatment plans satisfying both objectives, which should ensure greater success when applying real-time tracking for VMAT delivery.
Altered Inferior Parietal Functional Connectivity is Correlated with Praxis and Social Skill Performance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Wymbs Nicholas F , Nebel Mary Beth , Ewen Joshua B , Mostofsky Stewart H 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties perceiving and producing skilled gestures, or praxis. The inferior parietal lobule (IPL) is crucial to praxis acquisition and expression, yet how IPL connectivity contributes to autism-associated impairments in praxis as well as social-communicative skill remains unclear. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we applied independent component analysis to test how IPL connectivity relates to praxis and social-communicative skills in children with and without ASD. Across all children (with/without ASD), praxis positively correlated with connectivity of left posterior-IPL with the left dorsal premotor cortex and with the bilateral posterior/medial parietal cortex. Praxis also correlated with connectivity of right central-IPL connectivity with the left intraparietal sulcus and medial parietal lobe. Further, in children with ASD, poorer praxis and social-communicative skills both correlated with weaker right central-IPL connectivity with the left cerebellum, posterior cingulate, and right dorsal premotor cortex. Our findings suggest that IPL connectivity is linked to praxis development, that contributions arise bilaterally, and that right IPL connectivity is associated with impaired praxis and social-communicative skills in autism. The findings underscore the potential impact of IPL connectivity and impaired skill acquisition on the development of a range of social-communicative and motor functions during childhood, including autism-associated impairments.
Tuning and external validation of an adult congenital heart disease risk prediction model
Authors: Geenen Laurie W , Opotowsky Alexander R , Lachtrupp Cara , Baggen Vivan J M , Brainard Sarah , Landzberg Michael J , van Klaveren David , Lingsma Hester F , Boersma Eric , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Adequate risk prediction can optimize the clinical management in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). We aimed to update and subsequently validate a previously developed ACHD risk prediction model.

Methods and results
A prediction model was developed in a prospective cohort study including 602 moderately or severely complex ACHD patients, enrolled as outpatients at a tertiary centre in the Netherlands (2011–2013). Multivariable Cox regression was used to develop a model for predicting the 1-year risks of death, heart failure (HF), or arrhythmia (primary endpoint). The Boston ACHD Biobank study, a prospectively enrolled cohort (n = 749) of outpatients who visited a referral centre in Boston (2012–2017), was used for external validation. The primary endpoint occurred in 153 (26%) and 191 (28%) patients in the derivation and validation cohorts over median follow-up of 5.6 and 2.3 years, respectively. The final model included 5 out of 14 pre-specified predictors with the following hazard ratios; New York Heart Association class ≥II: 1.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–2.90], cardiac medication 2.52 (95% CI 1.72–3.69), ≥1 reintervention after initial repair: 1.56 (95% CI 1.09–2.22), body mass index: 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.07), log2 N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (pmol/L): 1.48 (95% CI 1.32–1.65). At external validation, the model showed good discrimination (C-statistic 0.79, 95% CI 0.74–0.83) and excellent calibration (calibration-in-the-large = −0.002; calibration slope = 0.99).

Conclusion
These data support the validity and applicability of a parsimonious ACHD risk model based on five readily available clinical variables to accurately predict the 1-year risk of death, HF, or arrhythmia. This risk tool may help guide appropriate care for moderately or severely complex ACHD.
Anatomic resection has superior long-term survival compared with wedge resection for second primary lung cancer after prior lobectomy
Authors: Baig Mirza Zain , Razi Syed S , Stroever Stephanie , Weber Joanna F , Connery Cliff P , Bhora Faiz Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The extent of surgical resection for early-stage second primary lung cancer (SPLC) in patients with a previous lobectomy is unclear. We sought to compare anatomic lung resections (lobectomy and segmentectomy) and wedge resections for small peripheral SPLC using a population-based database.

METHODS
The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database was queried for all patients with ≤2 cm peripheral SPLC diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 who underwent prior lobectomy for the first primary and surgical resection only for the SPLC. American College of Chest Physicians guidelines were used to classify SPLC. Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression were used to compare overall survival.

RESULTS
A total of 356 patients met the inclusion criteria with 203 (57%) treated with wedge resection and 153 (43%) treated with anatomic resection. Significantly better median survival was observed with anatomic resection than with wedge resection using a Kaplan–Meier analysis (124 vs 63 months; P &lt; 0.001). With multivariable Cox regression, improved long-term survival was observed for anatomic resection (hazard ratio: 0.44, confidence interval: 0.27–0.70; P = 0.001). Improvement in survival was demonstrated with wedge resection when lymph node sampling was done. Lastly, we calculated the average treatment effect on the treated with inverse probability weighting for a subgroup of patients and found that those with wedge resection and lymph node sampling had shorter long-term survival times.

CONCLUSIONS
Anatomic resections may provide better long-term survival than wedge resections for patients with early-stage peripheral SPLC after prior lobectomy. Significant improvement in survival was observed with wedge resection for SPLC when adequate lymph node dissection was performed.
The role of integrated community case management projects in strengthening health systems: case study analysis in Ethiopia, Malawi and Mozambique
Authors: Story William T , Pritchard Susannah , Hejna Emily , Olivas Elijah , Sarriot Eric 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Integrated community case management (iCCM) has now been implemented at scale globally. Literature to-date has focused primarily on the effectiveness of iCCM and the systems conditions required to sustain iCCM. In this study, we sought to explore opportunities taken and lost for strengthening health systems through successive iCCM programmes. We employed a systematic, embedded, multiple case study design for three countries—Ethiopia, Malawi and Mozambique—where Save the Children implemented iCCM programmes between 2009 and 2017. We used textual analysis to code 62 project documents on nine categories of functions of health systems using NVivo 11.0. The document review was supplemented by four key informant interviews. This study makes important contributions to the theoretical understanding of the role of projects in health systems strengthening by not only documenting evidence of systems strengthening in multi-year iCCM projects, but also emphasizing important deficiencies in systems strengthening efforts. Projects operated on a spectrum, ranging from gap-filling interventions, to support, to actual strengthening. While there were natural limits to the influence of a project on the health system, all successive projects found constructive opportunities to try to strengthen systems. Alignment with the Ministry of Health was not always static and simple, and ministries themselves have shown pluralism in their perspectives and orientations. We conclude that systems strengthening remains ‘everybody’s business’ and places demands for realism and transparency on government and the development architecture. While mid-size projects have limited decision space, there is value in better defining where systems strengthening contributions can actually be made. Furthermore, systems strengthening is not solely about macro-level changes, as operational and efficiency gains at meso and micro levels can have value to the system. Claims of ‘systems strengthening’ are, however, bounded within the quality of evaluation and learning investments.
Is the fourth industrial revolution a continuation of the third industrial revolution or something new under the sun? Analyzing technological regimes using US patent data
Authors: Lee Jongho , Lee Keun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study has compared the technological regimes of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and the Third Industrial Revolution (3IR) technologies. If we limit the comparison based on absolute values representing diverse elements of the technological regime, 4IR technologies are more original and science-based and have a longer technological cycle time (TCT). However, all these differences turn insignificant or reversed when the comparison is made using normalized values of variables reflecting over-time trends. Moreover, 4IR technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), have an impact on subsequent innovations in less wide fields (lower degree of generality) compared with 3IR, which means that they may not be counted as a new general-purpose technology. Furthermore, a longer TCT of 4IR technologies, including AI, means that they tend to keep citing 3IR technologies or older. In this sense, 4IR technologies are not much a radical break from past technologies but tend to be evolutionary, whereas 3IR technologies correspond to a more radical break from the past technologies because they have a shorter TCT and rely less on old technologies. At the aggregate level, technologies in the 21st century heavily rely on science, combining knowledge from more diverse fields (higher originality) and becoming longer cycled but having impact on less diverse fields (lower generality), which is true not just in a few technologies commonly associated with the so-called 4IR but across the board of technologies. Finally, although five representative 4IR technologies do not command radically different technological regimes compared with 3IR technologies, they are still outstanding, that is, they have higher originality, generality, and shorter TCT compared with the average technologies in the 2010s.
X-ray Transform in Asymptotically Conic Spaces
Authors: Guillarmou Colin , Lassas Matti , Tzou Leo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this article, we study the properties of the geodesic X-ray transform for asymptotically Euclidean or conic Riemannian metrics and show injectivity under non-trapping and no conjugate point assumptions. We also define a notion of lens data for such metrics and study the associated inverse problem.
A Novel Encochleated Formulation Improves Atovaquone Activity in a Murine Model of Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Authors: Cushion Melanie T , Kumar Parag , Lu Ruying , Ashbaugh Alan , Adeojo Lilian W , Alfaro Raul , Mannino Raphael , Tramont Edmund , Kovacs Joseph A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although atovaquone is effective in treating and preventing Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), its use is limited by nonlinear absorption and adverse events. The current study was undertaken to examine the activity of encochleated atovaquone (eATQ), a novel lipid-crystal nanoparticle formulation, in a mouse model of PCP. eATQ 100–200 mg was superior to commercially available atovaquone at 14 days in decreasing total Pneumocystis nuclei and asci. eATQ plus anidulafungin reduced nuclei significantly better than commercial atovaquone plus anidulafungin. eATQ is a novel formulation of atovaquone that warrants further evaluation for treatment and prevention of PCP.
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi H58 clone has been endemic in Zimbabwe from 2012 to 2019
Authors: Mashe Tapfumanei , Leekitcharoenphon Pimlapas , Mtapuri-Zinyowera Sekesai , Kingsley Robert A , Robertson V , Tarupiwa Andrew , Kock Marleen M , Makombe Evidence P , Chaibva Blessmore V , Manangazira Portia , Phiri Isaac , Nyadundu Simon , Chigwena Chriswell T , Mufoya Last P , Thilliez Gaetan , Midzi Stanely , Mwamakamba Lusubilo W , Hamblion Esther L , Matheu Jorge , Jensen Jacob D , Aarestrup Frank M , Hendriksen Rene S , Ehlers Marthie M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Typhoid fever, caused by S. enterica ser. Typhi, continues to be a substantial health burden in developing countries. Little is known of the genotypic diversity of S. enterica ser. Typhi in Zimbabwe, but this is key for understanding the emergence and spread of this pathogen and devising interventions for its control.

Objectives
To report the molecular epidemiology of S. enterica ser. Typhi outbreak strains circulating from 2012 to 2019 in Zimbabwe, using comparative genomics.

Methods
A review of typhoid cases records from 2012 to 2019 in Zimbabwe was performed. The phylogenetic relationship of outbreak isolates from 2012 to 2019 and emergence of antibiotic resistance was investigated by whole-genome sequence analysis.

Results
A total 22 479 suspected typhoid cases, 760 confirmed cases were reported from 2012 to 2019 and 29 isolates were sequenced. The majority of the sequenced isolates were predicted to confer resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, phenicols, sulphonamides, tetracycline and fluoroquinolones (including qnrS detection). The qnrS1 gene was associated with an IncN (subtype PST3) plasmid in 79% of the isolates. Whole-genome SNP analysis, SNP-based haplotyping and resistance determinant analysis showed that 93% of the isolates belonged to a single clade represented by multidrug-resistant H58 lineage I (4.3.1.1), with a maximum pair-wise distance of 22 SNPs.

Conclusions
This study has provided detailed genotypic characterization of the outbreak strain, identified as S. Typhi 4.3.1.1 (H58). The strain has reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin due to qnrS carried by an IncN (subtype PST3) plasmid resulting from ongoing evolution to full resistance.
Enhancing filter-based parenthetic abbreviation extraction methods
Authors: Turki Houcemeddine , Hadj Taieb Mohamed Ali , Ben Aouicha Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This letter discusses the limitations of the use of filters to enhance the accuracy of the extraction of parenthetic abbreviations from scholarly publications and proposes the usage of the parentheses level count algorithm to efficiently extract entities between parentheses from raw texts as well as of machine learning-based supervised classification techniques for the identification of biomedical abbreviations to significantly reduce the removal of acronyms including disallowed punctuations.