bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-126 Clinical Utility of Risk Factors to Predict Self-reported Neurobehavioral Outcome Following Traumatic Brain Injury: PTSD, Sleep, Resilience, and Lifetime Blast Exposure
Authors: R Lange , S Lippa , L Hungerford , J Bailie , L French , T Brickell 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To examine the clinical utility of PTSD, Sleep, Resilience, and Lifetime Blast Exposure as ‘Risk Factors’ for predicting poor neurobehavioral outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
Participants were 993 service members/veterans evaluated following an uncomplicated mild TBI (MTBI), moderate–severe TBI (ModSevTBI), or injury without TBI (Injured Controls; IC); divided into three cohorts: (1) &lt; 12 months post-injury, n = 237 [107 MTBI, 71 ModSevTBI, 59 IC]; (2) 3-years post-injury, n = 370 [162 MTBI, 80 ModSevTBI, 128 IC]; and (3) 10-years post-injury, n = 386 [182 MTBI, 85 ModSevTBI, 119 IC]. Participants completed a 2-hour neurobehavioral test battery. Odds Ratios (OR) were calculated to determine whether the ‘Risk Factors’ could predict ‘Poor Outcome’ in each cohort separately. Sixteen Risk Factors were examined using all possible combinations of the four risk factor variables. Poor Outcome was defined as three or more low scores (&lt; 1SD) on five TBI-QOL scales (e.g., Fatigue, Depression).

Results
In all cohorts, the vast majority of risk factor combinations resulted in ORs that were ‘clinically meaningful’ (ORs &gt; 3.00; range = 3.15 to 32.63, all p’s &lt; .001). Risk factor combinations with the highest ORs in each cohort were PTSD (Cohort 1 & 2, ORs = 17.76 and 25.31), PTSD+Sleep (Cohort 1 & 2, ORs = 18.44 and 21.18), PTSD+Sleep+Resilience (Cohort 1, 2, & 3, ORs = 13.56, 14.04, and 20.08), Resilience (Cohort 3, OR = 32.63), and PTSD+Resilience (Cohort 3, OR = 24.74).

Conclusions
Singularly, or in combination, PTSD, Poor Sleep, and Low Resilience were strong predictors of poor outcome following TBI of all severities and injury without TBI. These variables may be valuable risk factors for targeted early interventions following injury.
A-127 Changes in Frequency of ImPACT Assessments Over Time
Authors: H Kuwabara , S Moore , K Grant , J Maietta , T Kinsora , S Ross , D Allen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Assessment, management, and rates of sport concussion have changed significantly over the past decade. The present cross-sectional study investigated rates of ImPACT baseline and post-concussion assessments and self-reported concussion history (CH) to gain insight on patterns of change between 2008, 2012, and 2016.

Methods
Participants included 14,129 high-school athletes (Mage = 15.11; 42.9% male) in Nevada who completed ImPACT baseline and post-concussion assessments in 2008 (n = 677), 2012 (n = 8315), and 2016 (n = 5137). Chi-square analyses were conducted to examine frequencies of ImPACT tests by year (i.e., baseline, initial post-concussion test, and post-concussion follow-up). Further analyses investigated gender differences and changes in self-reported CH.

Results
There were significant differences in rates of all ImPACT tests (p &lt; .01) with baselines, post-concussion assessments, and post-concussion follow-ups increasing over time. Female athletes accounted for less than 35% of post-concussion assessments in 2008 and 2012 but increased to 41.5% in 2016 (p &lt; .05). There were no gender differences over time in baselines or post-concussion follow-ups. There were no significant differences in self-reported CH between years (p &gt; .05).

Conclusions
The present study found an increase in the rate of post-concussion assessments; however, no increase in self-reported CH were evident. It is possible that an increase in awareness and preventative efforts could account for the increased utilization of post-concussion assessments. Results also indicated that female athletes took more post-concussion assessments over time suggesting an increase in concussions or prevention efforts for females. Future research should continue exploring possible risk factors to ensure proper intervention and implementation of prevention protocols where applicable.
A-128 Age of First Exposure to Football is not Associated with Midlife Brain Health Problems
Authors: G Iverson , D Terry , J Caccese , F Büttner , Z Merz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study examined if earlier age of first exposure (AFE) to football is associated with worse brain health in middle-aged men who played high school football.

Method
Using an online crowdsourcing platform, we recruited 123 men ages 35–55 who played high school football. Participants completed self-report measures that assessed (i) demographic information; (ii) medical history, sport participation, and concussion history; (iii) current depression symptomatology (i.e., Patient Health Questionnaire-8; PHQ-8); and (iv) current concussion-like symptoms (i.e., the British Columbia Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory; BC-PSI). Approximately half (n = 62; 50.4%) reported football participation starting before the age of 12 (AFE12 years). The two groups were compared using chi-squared and Mann–Whitney U-Tests.

Results
Former high school football players who began playing football before age 12 did not differ in the rates at which they had been prescribed medications for psychological problems or in the rates at which they had recently experienced symptoms of anxiety, depression, memory loss, chronic pain, or headaches compared with former high school football players who began playing football at or after age 12. Additionally, there were no group differences in lifetime history of treatment by a mental health professional (χ2 = 0.20, p = .66) or regarding the PHQ-8 (U = 1,839.0, p = .791) or BC-PSI total scores (U = 1828.5, p = .751).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that earlier AFE to football is not associated with worse brain health in middle-aged men in this sample who played high school football.
A-130 An Exploratory Analysis of the Impact PTSD Related Sleep Disturbance has on Language Generativity in Veterans with mTBI
Authors: N Walker , T Scott , J Spellman , J Rivera , D Waltzman , M Mcnerney , M Madore 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Reviewed literature suggests that individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) demonstrate cognitive deficits in attention, learning/memory, and executive functions. Less is known regarding the relationship between sleep disturbance and language abilities among individuals with PTSD. We hypothesized that subjective perceptions of PTSD-related sleep disturbance would impact language generativity in Veterans with PTSD.

Methods
38 individuals (mean age = 46.58, SD = 13.55; 10% female) were administered a brief neurocognitive battery including measures of verbal generativity [i.e., Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System: Verbal fluency subtest], PTSD symptoms (i.e., clinically significant PTSD = &gt; 35 on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-IV), self-report measures of sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory; PSQI), and PTSD-related sleep disturbances (PSQI – Addendum for PTSD). All participants had a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). An analysis of covariance was used to assess the contribution of PTSD-related sleep disturbance on verbal fluency in Veterans with PTSD. Post-hoc analyses were conducted.

Results
Those without PTSD performed better on letter fluency than those with PTSD (p=.019). There was no significant effect of PTSD (presence or absence) on letter fluency performance after controlling for subjective sleep quality, F(1, 35) = 1.43, p = .239. Follow up analyses failed to show any associations between PTSD and other cognitive measures.

Conclusions
PTSD related sleep disturbance accounts for a significant portion of the variance in the relationship between PTSD and verbal generativity. Individuals with a history of mTBI and current PTSD symptoms, may have worse verbal generativity but is partially accounted for by PTSD related sleep disturbance.
A-135 The Interceding Effects of Social Cognition and “Cold” Cognition in Emotional Functioning Post-TBI.
Authors: D Ream , V Suarez , I Tourgeman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
This review examines studies that have identified both social and “cold” cognition in moderating emotional functioning as an outcome in individuals post-traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Data Selection
A systematic search of the literature was conducted using the keywords: social cognition, hot cognition, cognitive processes, emotions, emotional functioning, TBI, ABI, brain injury. The search included five databases: (1) EBSCOhost, (2) Google Scholar, (3) ScienceDaily, (4) PubMed, (5) World Health Organization. Inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed articles published in English between 2013–2019 that utilized measures examining aspects of “cold cognition,” measures that investigated social cognition, and, outcome measures of emotional functioning in individuals who sustained a TBI.

Data Synthesis
A total number of 27 studies were identified through database searching with 16 papers selected. Three studies explained the function and implication of social cognition in individuals post-TBI. Additionally, 4 articles integrated statistical and demographic analyzes on individuals who suffered a TBI, and 9 studies exposed the relationship between “hot” and “cold” cognitions after sustaining a TBI.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that individuals with a TBI often exhibit difficulties in social cognition that is linked to changes in emotional functioning. Several studies pointed to the limbic system as an area influenced by both social and “cold” cognition regarding emotional output and experiences. Conversely, this system is often impacted in TBI. Other studies emphasized the relationship between attention and perception regarding one’s ability to adequately engage in empathy, emotional resonance, and sensitivity. Additionally, these studies outlined how impaired executive functioning influences empathy, attention, decision-making, and Theory of Mind.
A-146 A Comparison of Neuropsychological Assessment Results and Self-Reported Cognitive Deficits in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients with Variable Neurocognitive Impairment Severity
Authors: K Coddaire , L Peyton , J Powell , T Virden 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to determine the relationship between symptom self-report accuracy and objective cognitive functioning in multiple cognitive domains for varying neurocognitive impairment (NCI) subsequent to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Specifically, the discrepancy between self-report and objective findings among participants with mild, moderate, and severe NCI was examined within the cognitive domains of Attention, Executive Functioning, Learning/Memory, and Speech/Language.

Method
The sample included archival data consisting of neuropsychological scores and self-reported Ruff Neurobehavioral Inventory (RNBI) results of 135 adult TBI patients with mild, moderate, or severe NCI who received neuropsychological assessment at a private practice. Patients were grouped based on level of impairment using Halstead Impairment Index criteria.

Results
No main effect was found for Attention. Patients with severe NCI had greater discrepancies in Executive Functioning (p = 0.015), Learning/Memory (p = 0.015), and Speech/Language (p &lt; 0.001) function, when compared to those with mild NCI. Additionally, patients with severe NCI demonstrated greater discrepancies in Speech/Language (p &lt; 0.001) function when compared to those with moderate NCI.

Conclusion
These findings indicate as severity of neurocognitive impairment increases for TBI patients, self-reported cognitive symptomatology—specifically executive functioning, learning/memory, and speech/language—will become less accurate. Clinically, these findings suggest that when working with patients who have severe neurocognitive deficits subsequent to TBI, it is important to consider objective testing as self-reporting may not be accurate. Understanding patient’s genuine deficits will foster patient awareness and acceptance of TBI-related cognitive deficits with increased investment in treatment and improved neurorehabilitation outcomes.
A-154 Children with Hyperactive–Impulsive Disorder Benefit from Yoga Training
Authors: E Mirzajonova , S Kiselev 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
It is known that children with hyperactive–impulsive disorder have deficit in executive abilities. The gaol of this study was to reveal effect of yoga training on executive abilities in 8–9 years of age children with hyperactive–impulsive disorder. We compared the efficacy of two methods of training (yoga training vs. conventional motor exercises) in a randomized controlled pilot study.

Methods
18 children with hyperactive–impulsive disorder at the age of 8–9 years were included and randomly assigned to treatment conditions according to a 2 × 2 crossover design. Children from intervention group participated in 12 weeks of yoga training that included body-oriented activity and breathing exercises. To assess the executive functions we used 3 subtests from NEPSY (Auditory Attention and Response Set, Visual Attention, Statue). Effects of training were analyzed by means of an ANOVA for repeated measurements.

Results
The ANOVA has revealed (p &lt; .05) that for all used subtests (Auditory Attention and Response Set, Visual Attention, Statue) the yoga training was superior to the conventional motor training, with effect sizes in the medium-to-high range (0.43–0.88).

Conclusions
The findings from this pilot study suggest that yoga training have positive effect on executive abilities in children with hyperactive–impulsive disorder. It influences predominantly the selective and sustained attention, inhibition, monitoring, and self-regulation. However, it is necessary to do further research into the impact of yoga exercises on the prevention and treatment of hyperactive–impulsive disorder in children.
A-157 How Important Is Sustained Attention in Reversal Learning and Visual Task Shifting Abilities: A Canonical Correlation Analysis in Adults
Authors: E Gracian , A Mathew , T Jimenez , S Oleson , D Kaufman , D Ghahremani , R Bilder 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
We used canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to examine the relationship between performance on cognitive neuroscience measures of sustained attention, deterministic reversal learning (DRLT), and visual task-shifting (VTS). We evaluated whether DRLT and VTS predicted performance on the Continuous Performance Test-II (CPT-II).

Method
Participants were 1011 adults from the Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics. The first CCA was conducted between four VST variables (set 1) and three CPT-II variables (set 2). The second CCA was conducted using eight Reversal Learning variables (set 1) and three CPT-II variables (set 2).

Results
Our first CCA suggests that accuracy of performance in VTS predicts CPT-II measures, Rc = 0.33, Wilks’s λ = 0.86, F(12, 2646) = 1.92, p &lt; .001. The analysis revealed a positive relationship with Hits (=0.87) and a negative relationship with FA (= − 0.76), consistent with sustained attention. The second CCA revealed that acquisition trials and RT on reversal trials significantly predicted less FA and more hits on the CPT-II, Rc = 0.23, Wilks’s λ = 0.90, F(24, 1273) = 1.92, p = .005.

Conclusion
Our multivariate findings confirm that attention is significantly involved in executive and mnemonic processes. To our knowledge, we are the first neuroscientific group to report multivariate evidence from a large data set that confirms sustained attention plays a significant role in reversal learning and task-shifting. Our results show that the CPT-II FA and mean RT variables specifically are important predictors of reversal learning and task-shifting, strengthening the concurrent validity of our experimental measures.
A-159 Effects of Sleep and Mood on Attentional Functioning in Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: G Lozano , M Camper , A Holland 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Sleep-related problems have been shown to adversely affect pediatric cancer survivors’ mood, behavior, and quality of life (Litsenburg et al., 2011). Depressed mood also contributes to decreased quality of life in pediatric leukemia survivors (Jankowska-Polańska et al., 2019). However, minimal research has considered how sleep and mood affect cognitive outcomes in pediatric cancer survivors. The present study utilized both direct assessment and parent report to investigate how sleep and mood affect attentional functioning in this population.

Method
Parents of 54 pediatric cancer survivors (59% Caucasian, 44% female, mean age at testing = 11.27 years) referred for clinical evaluation completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children-3 (BASC-3) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). A subset of survivors also completed the Conners Continuous Performance Test-3 (CPT-3). Variables selected for analysis were BASC-3 Depression, Hyperactivity, Attention Problems; PROMIS Sleep Impairment, Fatigue; CPT-3 Omissions.

Results
Multiple linear regressions found that patients whose parents rated them higher on Depression and Sleep Impairment demonstrated more Omission errors (ΔR2 = .265, ΔF[4,42] = 3.785, p = .01). Similarly, multiple linear regressions found that parents who rated their children higher on Depression, Fatigue, and Sleep Impairment were more likely to rate their children high on Hyperactivity (ΔR2 = .182, ΔF[4,49] = 2.725, p &lt; .05). Higher Depression ratings also predicted ratings of worse Attention Problems (r[53] = .330, p = .007).

Conclusions
Findings suggest that both depressive symptoms and sleep impairment may adversely affect attention functioning following pediatric cancer treatment. This highlights the importance of addressing mood and sleep in interventions to address attention difficulties in pediatric oncology survivors. Future directions for research are discussed.
A-167 The Relationship Between Judgement/Reasoning and Global Mental Status
Authors: J Keener , C Ramsay , J Caron 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to gather information on the relationship between judgement/reasoning and global mental status (HC = healthy controls, MCI = Mild Cognitive Impairment, and MND = Major Neurocognitive Disorder) by examining the relationship between performance on the Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J) and mental status screening in a Veteran population.

Method
The retrospective data sample consisted of 218 Veterans, aged 28–96 (M = 69.67, SD = 12.9434), 95.87% male, 98.62% Caucasian, with a mean education of 12.55 years (SD = 2.32). Mental status screening consisted of the raw scores of Mini-Mental Status Examination-2nd edition (MMSE-2) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS, using MMSE equivalent scores). Participants were placed into three categories based on mental status scores: HC (n = 79), MCI (n = 75), and MND (n = 64). TOP-J scores consisted of raw score across 9 items.

Results
TOPJ and mental status were mildly correlated for HC (r = .27) and MND (r = 0.34); however, there was minimal correlation for Veterans identified as MCI (r = 0.18).

Conclusion
A relationship between judgement/reasoning and global mental status was remarkable for HC and MNC but not for MCI. This may be related to the fact that deficits in judgement/reasoning, by definition, tend to be subtle or non-existent for individuals with MCI. Additionally, studies have revealed the MMSE-2 and TOP-J both have limited specificity in accurately identifying MCI patients.
A-185 Are Undergraduate Students Able to Effectively Utilize Learning Strategies?
Authors: J Henry , J Romano-Morris , M Lazar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Professors generally use less structured and organized methods of teaching than high school teachers, even though undergraduate brains are still developing, making the transition more difficult. The purpose of this study was to see whether undergraduate students could use explicitly taught methods of organization to remember more words on free recall trials of the CVLT-II.

Method
Inclusion criteria: undergraduate students enrolled at Widener University, between the ages of 18–24. Participants included 34 undergraduate students recruited via mass email. The groups had 18 women and 16 men aged 18–22 (M = 20.32, SD = 1.15). They were randomized evenly in two groups: a control group (standardized instructions) and an experimental group (explicit semantic clustering instruction). Variables used were semantic clustering, immediate and delayed free recall.

Results
There were strong positive correlations between semantic clustering and number of words recalled at the immediate (r = .76, p &lt; .0005) and delayed free recall trials (r = .7, p &lt; .0005) for both groups. The experimental group (M = 3.94, SD = 3.21) used more semantic clustering than the control group (M = 2.13, SD = 2.35); t(32) = −1.87, p = .04 (one-tailed) (Cohen’s d = .64). However, the experimental group did not freely recall significantly more words than the control group at either of the free recalls (immediate = t(32) = −.636, p = .26; delay = t(32) = −1.086, p = .14).

Conclusion
This may indicate that although undergraduate students can learn helpful strategies, they may not necessarily be able to implement taught strategies effectively.
A-189 Exploring the Effects of EEG Neurofeedback Training on Verbal Episodic Memory in a TBI Sample
Authors: A Kaser , E Gordon , G May , S Dolan , L Zambrano-Vazquez 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are commonly characterized by neural changes that impair physical, behavioral, and cognitive functioning across diverse ages and demographics. Cognitive complaints frequently include memory difficulties, with deficits in episodic memory greatly impairing daily functioning and future planning. Although various interventions and rehabilitation techniques have been implemented for TBI, limited treatment options are available for TBI-driven memory complaints. Recent research has explored the use of neurofeedback training (NFT) to improve cognitive functioning in TBI patients, yet it remains unclear whether this intervention may be successful in improving these memory deficits.

Method
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, the use of EEG neurofeedback training (NFT) on verbal episodic memory was explored in 12 veterans with TBI. Participants were randomized to active treatment or sham treatment, and they completed 20 sessions of NFT. Clinical assessments and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected pre and post treatment to measure any changes in resting-state functional connectivity or cognitive functioning.

Results
Findings suggest that immediate recall scores improved following active NFT, as measured by the California Verbal Learning Task-II. We also observed increased resting-state functional connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the inferior temporal lobe following NFT (Fig. 1), which may represent an underlying mechanism of memory improvement.

Conclusions
These exploratory findings may hold promise for future research on the use of NFT for memory enhancement in various populations.