bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimate partner violence screening and response in New South Wales emergency departments: A multi‐site feasibility study
Authors: Spangaro Jo , Vajda Jacqualine , Klineberg Emily , Lin Sen , Griffiths Chris , Saberi Elham , Field Emma , Miller Alex , McNamara Lorna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo test feasibility of a systematic approach to routine screening and response for intimate partner violence among women presenting to three New South Wales EDs.MethodsThis prospective feasibility study was conducted over 6 months in two rural and one major tertiary metropolitan ED in New South Wales. Women aged 16–45 years triaged category 3–5 (treat within 30 min/1 h/2 h), who could be approached privately, were screened for intimate partner violence using the validated HITS (Hurts, Insults, Threatens and Screams or Swears) tool. The follow‐up protocol for patients who disclosed abuse, specified a social work/psychology (psychosocial) response within 1 h. Outcomes of interest were screening rates of eligible presentations, disclosures of abuse, psycho‐social referral and responses. Interviews conducted with ED medical directors and nurse unit managers at each site explored barriers and facilitators.ResultsA total of 1047 women (11.4% of eligible presentations) completed screening at their first or subsequent presentation. Of 868 women screened on first presentation, 18% (n= 154) disclosed intimate partner violence, with no significant differences by age group, country of birth, triage category or time/day of arrival. Key barriers to screening were high patient volume, absence of electronic prompts and lack of privacy. Of those who screened positive 49% (n= 75) received an immediate, on‐site psycho‐social response.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that it is both possible and relevant, given the 18% disclosure rate, to screen women in relation intimate partner violence in EDs and provide a psycho‐social response within 1 h. More needs to be done to address barriers to screening to provide opportunities for early intervention.
Clarification of apple juices with vegetable proteins monitored by multiple light scattering
Authors: Ramezani Mohsen , Ferrentino Giovanna , Morozova Ksenia , Kamrul S. M. Hasan , Scampicchio Matteo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work proposes a novel approach based on the real‐time monitoring of the fining process of apple juices by static multiple light scattering. The change in transmission was used to determine the fining effectiveness of three vegetable proteins, respectively, red lentil, green lentil, and green pea proteins. Further treatment with gelatin‐bentonite was used as a control. The modified Gompertz function was applied to fit the transmission signals. According to (1) the rate of flocculation and (2) the rate of sedimentation, the best fining efficiency was achieved by red lentil, which was similar to that of gelatin‐bentonite and higher than green lentil and green pea proteins. This ranking was obtained at any dose from 60 to 900 mg per liter of juice. The results suggest the use of red lentil as a potential fining agent for apple juices and highlight the advantages of using static multiple light scattering technique as a quality control tool for studying the kinetics of the fining process.Practical ApplicationThe study proposed the use of vegetable proteins as fining agents for apple juices. Their efficiency was ably monitored in real time by static multiple light scattering.
Quantifying the human milk oligosaccharides 2’‐fucosyllactose and 3‐fucosyllactose in different food applications by high‐performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection
Authors: Christensen Anne Støvlbæk , Skov Sabina Holm , Lendal Sara Eun , Hornshøj Bettina Høj 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn recent years, production of biosynthesized human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) has become scalable to industrial standards. As a result, infant formula fortified with 2’‐fucosyllactose (2’‐FL), the most abundant HMO in human breast milk, is now commercially available. 2’‐FL and 3‐fucosyllactose (3‐FL), another abundant HMO, are thought to be beneficial for infant health and development. Products containing HMOs are projected to expand in the future, showing the need for robust, easily applicable analytical methods for the quantitative assessment of HMOs in different food applications. We present here a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the quantification of 2’‐FL and 3‐FL in whole milk, infant formula, and cereal bars. The sample preparation was simple dispersion and extraction of the sample. The samples were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with refractive index detection and a runtime of 19 min. The method had a high degree of linearity (R2 > 0.9995) in the range 0.2 to 12 mg/mL. The recovery for 2’‐FL was 88% to 105% and for 3‐FL 94% to 112%. The limit of detection (LOD) for whole milk was 0.1 mg/mL for 2’‐FL and 0.2 mg/mL for 3‐FL. In infant formula and cereal bars, the LOD was 0.6 mg/g for both 2’‐FL and 3‐FL. To show the practical application of this method, it was successfully utilized in stability studies of 2’‐FL and 3‐FL in whole milk, UHT milk, and yoghurt. The method provides a means of simultaneous and robust quantification of 2’‐FL and 3‐FL in various food matrices with high accuracy and high reproducibility.Practical Application2’‐Fucosyllactose (2’‐FL) and 3‐fucosyllactose (3‐FL) are two of the most abundant human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) present in human breast milk. We present a fast HPLC method for the robust quantification of these two compounds in infant formula, whole milk, UHT milk, cereal bars, and yoghurt. This method can easily be set up by food producers and researchers to analyze the dosage of 2’‐FL and 3‐FL in their product or perform shelf life studies in different food applications.
Rate‐All‐That‐Apply (RATA) comparison of taste profiles for different sweeteners in black tea, chocolate milk, and natural yogurt
Authors: Tan Vicki Wei Kee , Wee May Sui Mei , Tomic Oliver , Forde Ciarán G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGrowing health concerns have increased interest in reducing the consumption of added sugars, which can be achieved by substituting or replacing sugar with sweeteners to maintain sensory intensity and quality. The growing availability of sweeteners has increased the complexity of the perceptual landscape as sweeteners differ in the qualitative, intensity, and temporal properties. A sweetener that can match the perceptual properties of sucrose in different food matrices is likely to have broad applications. In complex foods, sweetness is influenced by the taste interactions with the existing tastants and possible matrix effects that influence release and perception of sweetness. The current study compared the taste properties of three food matrices (black tea, chocolate milk, and natural yogurt) sweetened by sucrose to those sweetened using eight different sweeteners (acesulfame‐K, aspartame, erythritol, luo han guo (Mogroside), palatinose (iso‐maltulose), stevia (Reb‐A), sucralose, and sucrose–allulose mixture) using Rate‐All‐That‐Apply. The sensory properties of each sweetener differed across matrices, with sucrose–allulose mixture, aspartame, erythritol, palatinose, and sucralose having the most similar taste to sucrose across all foods. By contrast, acesulfame‐K, stevia, and luo han guo had taste profiles that most varied from sucrose, characterized by side tastes such as bitterness, chemical taste, and a low sweetness. Sweeteners differed most from sucrose when presented in natural yogurt compared to tea and chocolate milk. A food's taste properties can suppress sweetness intensity and promote undesirable side tastes. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of testing sweeteners in complex foods and help identify sweeteners and sweetener combinations that can replicate the sweetness of sucrose and support sugar reduction.Practical ApplicationFood manufacturers and researchers can refer to the results of the sensory profiles to identify suitable sweeteners substitutes for sucrose in foods with similar taste profiles to those tested. The current article highlights important changes to sweetener sensory properties when presented in different complex foods, and provides an indication of the potential for calorie reduction by substituting sucrose with a range of low or no calorie sweeteners.
Celebrating the Silver Anniversary of the North American Testis Workshop
Authors: Robaire Bernard , Eddy Mitch , Goldberg Erwin , Griswold Michael , Heckert Leslie , McCarrey John , Orgebin‐Crist Marie‐Claire , Papadopoulos Vassilios , Trasler Jacquetta , Wright William , Yan Wei , Zirkin Barry 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo provide an overview of the history of the North American Testis Workshop (NATW), of its relationship to the American Society of Andrology (ASA), and of the publications that resulted from the first 25 workshops.MethodsThe collection of volumes and journal articles that relate to the NATW was searched.Discussion and ConclusionDuring the first twenty‐five meetings of the NATW, a remarkable number of breakthroughs regarding every aspect of the testis were presented. We anticipate that with the acceleration of new genetic, epigenetic, and molecular knowledge of the functions of testicular cells, we will continue to learn about the discovery of new and clinically important aspects of testicular function during the next twenty‐five NATWs.
Restoration of erectile function by suppression of corporal apoptosis and oxidative stress with losartan in aged rats with erectile dysfunction
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Yamin , Cong Rong , Tian Ye , Chen Chen , Wang Yichun , Zhang Qijie , Zhou Xiang , Ji Chengjian , Meng Xianghu , Song Ninghong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) increases progressively with age, but its potential pathophysiology has not been fully demonstrated. Hence, this article was aimed to identify the functional and morphological characterization of the corpus cavernosum in aged rats and to evaluate the effects of the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan on age‐related ED (AED).Material and MethodsA total of 40 young and aged Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 per group): young rats as normal controls (YNC) group; aged rats with normal erectile function (ANC) group; aged rats with ED (AED) group; and a losartan‐treated AED (AED + Losartan) group. The treated group received losartan (30 mg/kg) once daily oral gavage for 4 weeks. Erectile function was measured by the ratio of peak intracavernous pressure (ICP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP), and relevant tissues were harvested for transmission electron microscopy, Immunohistochemistry, Masson's trichrome staining, TUNEL, caspase‐3 activity assay and Western blot.ResultsThe AED group exhibited decreases in erectile response and increases in the role of apoptosis, fibrosis as well as oxidative stress, compared with the control groups. After daily administration of losartan for four weeks, it could slightly restore erectile function and significantly attenuate corporal apoptosis, fibrosis, and oxidative stress of AED. However, the result was still not comparable with that of the control groups. Moreover, the expression levels of p‐Bad/Bad and p‐AKT/AKT were significantly lower, whereas the expression levels of Bax/Bcl‐2, Nrf2/Keap‐1, Fibronectin, HO‐1, and caspase‐3 activity were significantly higher in the AED groups and while losartan could significantly attenuate these changes of AED, it was still not comparable with that of the control groups.ConclusionsOur results indicated that administration of losartan not merely restored erectile function, but also significantly prevented corporal apoptosis and oxidative stress in AED by suppressing the Akt/Bad/Bax/caspase‐3 and Nrf2/Keap‐1 pathways.
Laparoscopic partial circular myectomy for congenital esophageal stenosis due to tracheobronchial remnant
Authors: Mochizuki Kyoko , Shinkai Masato , Kitagawa Norihiko , Usui Hidehito 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCongenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is a rare anomaly, and its appropriate management is not well established. This may be the first report describing laparoscopic partial circular myectomy of the esophageal wall in an infant with CES caused by tracheobronchial remnant (TBR). The narrow segment of the esophagus was laparoscopically detected 1 cm above the esophagogastric junction because the segment was whiter and narrower than the other parts of the esophagus. The narrow segment was approximately 1.5 cm in length. Partial anterior 270° circular muscle layers were dissected using hook electrocautery. Small cartilage‐like tissues were identified during the procedure. The muscular layers of both ends were interruptedly sutured. Intraoperative complications were not detected. After undergoing balloon dilation for slight residual stenosis, the patient could eat solid foods without vomiting. Laparoscopic partial circular myectomy is safe and effective for short‐segment lower esophageal stenosis in patients with CES caused by TBR.
Long‐term oncological and functional follow‐up in low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: results from the prospective nationwide Swiss registry
Authors: Viktorin‐Baier Pascal , Putora Paul M. , Schmid Hans‐Peter , Plasswilm Ludwig , Schwab Christoph , Thoeni Armin , Hochreiter Werner , Prikler Ladislav , Suter Stefan , Stucki Patrick , Müntener Michael , Blick Nadja , Schiefer Hans , Güsewell Sabine , Zürn Karin , Engeler Daniel 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term oncological, functional and toxicity outcomes of low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (LDR‐BT) in relation to risk factors and radiation dose in a prospective multicentre cohort.Patients and MethodsData of patients from 12 Swiss centres undergoing LDR‐BT from September 2004 to March 2018 were prospectively collected. Patients with a follow‐up of ≥3 months were analysed. Functional and oncological outcomes were assessed at ~6 weeks, 6 and 12 months after implantation and annually thereafter. LDR‐BT was performed with 125I seeds. Dosimetry was done 6 weeks after implantation based on the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology recommendations. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BRFS). A prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) rise above the PSA nadir + 2 was defined as biochemical failure. Functional outcomes were assessed by urodynamic measurement parameters and questionnaires.ResultsOf 1580 patients in the database, 1291 (81.7%) were evaluable for therapy outcome. The median (range) follow‐up was 37.1 (3.0–141.6) months. Better BRFS was found for Gleason score ≤3+4 (P = 0.03, log‐rank test) and initial PSA level of <10 ng/mL (P < 0.001). D’Amico Risk groups were significantly associated with BRFS (P < 0.001), with a hazard ratio of 2.38 for intermediate‐ and high‐risk patients vs low‐risk patients. The radiation dose covering 90% of the prostate volume (D90) after 6 weeks was significantly lower in patients with recurrence. Functional outcomes returned close to baseline levels after 2–3 years. A major limitation of these findings is a substantial loss to follow‐up.ConclusionOur results are in line with other studies showing that LDR‐BT is associated with good oncological outcomes together with good functional results.
Inducible epithelial resistance against acute Sendai virus infection prevents chronic asthma‐like lung disease in mice
Authors: Goldblatt David L. , Flores Jose R. , Valverde Ha Gabriella , Jaramillo Ana M. , Tkachman Sofya , Kirkpatrick Carson T. , Wali Shradha , Hernandez Belinda , Ost David E. , Scott Brenton L. , Chen Jichao , Evans Scott E. , Tuvim Michael J. , Dickey Burton F. 
Published: January 2020

Background and PurposeRespiratory viral infections play central roles in the initiation, exacerbation and progression of asthma in humans. An acute paramyxoviral infection in mice can cause a chronic lung disease that resembles human asthma. We sought to determine whether reduction of Sendai virus lung burden in mice by stimulating innate immunity with aerosolized Toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists could attenuate the severity of chronic asthma‐like lung disease.Experimental ApproachMice were treated by aerosol with 1‐μM oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) M362, an agonist of the TLR9 homodimer, and 4‐μM Pam2CSK4 (Pam2), an agonist of the TLR2/6 heterodimer, within a few days before or after Sendai virus challenge.Key ResultsTreatment with ODN/Pam2 caused ~75% reduction in lung Sendai virus burden 5 days after challenge. The reduction in acute lung virus burden was associated with marked reductions 49 days after viral challenge in eosinophilic and lymphocytic lung inflammation, airway mucous metaplasia, lumenal mucus occlusion and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Mechanistically, ODN/Pam2 treatment attenuated the chronic asthma phenotype by suppressing IL‐33 production by type 2 pneumocytes, both by reducing the severity of acute infection and by down‐regulating Type 2 (allergic) inflammation.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese data suggest that treatment of susceptible human hosts with aerosolized ODN and Pam2 at the time of a respiratory viral infection might attenuate the severity of the acute infection and reduce initiation, exacerbation and progression of asthma.
Child and adolescent mental health trajectories in relation to exclusion from school from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Tejerina‐Arreal María , Parker Claire , Paget Amelia , Henley William , Logan Stuart , Emond Alan , Ford Tamsin 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundAs the prevalence of childhood mental health conditions varies by age and gender, we explored whether there were similar variations in the relationship between psychopathology and exclusion from school in a prospective UK population‐based birth cohort.MethodThe Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children collected reports of exclusion at 8 years and 16 years. Mental health was assessed at repeated time points using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).ResultsUsing adjusted linear mixed effects models, we detected a nonlinear interaction between exclusion and age related to poor mental health for boys [adjusted coefficient 1.13 (95% confidence interval 0.55–1.71)] excluded by age 8, but not for girls. The SDQ scores of boys who were excluded in primary school were higher than their peers from age 3, and increasingly diverged over time. As teenagers, these interactions appeared for both genders [boys’ adjusted coefficient 0.18 (0.10–0.27); girls 0.29 (0.17–0.40)]. For teenage girls, exclusion by 16 was followed by deteriorating mental health. Family adversity predicted exclusion in all analyses.ConclusionPrompt access to effective intervention for children in poor mental health may improve both mental health and access to education.Key Practitioner Message

Children who were subsequently excluded from school often faced family adversity and had poor mental health, which suggests the need for an interdisciplinary response and a multiagency approach.

Poor mental health may contribute to and result from exclusion from school, so both mental health and education practitioners have a key role to play.

Boys who enter school with poor mental health are at high risk of exclusion in primary school, which prompt assessment and intervention may prevent.

Both boys and girls who are excluded between the ages of 15 and 16 years may have poor, and in the case of girls, deteriorating, mental health.
Modulation of Nqo1 activity intercepts anoikis resistance and reduces metastatic potential of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shimokawa Masahiro , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Itoh Shinji , Iseda Norifumi , Sakata Kazuhito , Yugawa Kyohei , Toshima Takeo , Harada Noboru , Ikegami Toru , Mori Masaki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe processing of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐like 2 (Nrf2) and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1) is important for tumor metastasis. However, the clinical and biological significance of Nrf2/Nqo1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the clinical importance of Nrf2/Nqo1 expression in HCC and evaluate the association of Nrf2/Nqo1 expression with HCC metastasis. We also evaluated the impact of Nqo1 modulation on HCC metastatic potential. We used spheroids derived from HCC cell lines. In anchorage‐independent culture, HCC cells showed increased ROS, leading to the upregulation of Nrf2/Nqo1. Futile stimulation of Nqo1 by β‐lapachone induces excessive oxidative stress and dramatically increased anoikis sensitivity, finally diminishing the spheroid formation ability, which was far stronger than depletion of Nqo1. We analyzed 117 cases of primary HCC who underwent curative resection. Overexpression of Nrf2/Nqo1 in primary HCC was associated with tumor size, high α‐fetoprotein, and des‐γ‐carboxy‐prothrombin levels. Overexpression of Nrf2/Nqo1 was also associated with multiple intrahepatic recurrences (P = .0073) and was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (P = .0031). NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 plays an important role in anchorage‐independent survival, which is essential for survival for circulation and distant metastasis of HCC cells. These results suggest that targeting Nqo1 activity could be a potential strategy for HCC adjuvant therapy.
p62 promotes bladder cancer cell growth by activating KEAP1/NRF2‐dependent antioxidative response
Authors: Li Tao , Jiang Dali , Wu Kaijie 
Published: January 2020

Abstractp62 is associated with 2 major cellular defense mechanisms against metabolic and oxidative stress, autophagy and the Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1)‐nuclear factor‐E2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) system. Recent studies indicate that the p62‐KEAP1‐NRF2 pathway promotes tumorigenesis and tumor growth mediated by NRF2‐dependent antioxidative response. However, whether p62 is involved in bladder cancer (BCa) development remains unknown. Here, we found that p62 is overexpressed in BCa tissue and several BCa cell lines. The knockdown of p62 inhibits BCa cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species level. Mechanically, p62 activates NRF2 signaling by sequestrating KEAP1, which leads to the upregulation of antioxidant genes (Gclc, Gstm5, and Gpx2), thus protecting BCa cells from oxidative stress. Our findings indicate that p62 might be involved in the development of BCa and serve as a potential therapeutic target.