bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boolean network topologies and the determinative power of nodes
Authors: Wacker Bronson W , Velcsov Mihaela T , Rogers Jim A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBoolean networks have been used extensively for modelling networks whose node activity could be simplified to a binary outcome, such as on–off. Each node is influenced by the states of the other nodes via a logical Boolean function. The network is described by its topological properties which refer to the links between nodes, and its dynamical properties which refer to the way each node uses the information obtained from other nodes to update its state. This work explores the correlation between the information stored in the Boolean functions for each node in a property known as the determinative power (DP) and some topological properties of each node, in particular the clustering coefficient and the betweenness centrality. The DP of nodes is defined using concepts from information theory, in particular the mutual information. The primary motivation is to construct models of real-world networks to examine if the DP is sensitive to any of the considered topological properties. The findings indicate that, for a homogeneous network in which all nodes obey the same threshold function under three different topologies, the DP can have a negative correlation with the clustering coefficient and a positive correlation with the betweenness centrality, depending on the topological properties of the network. A statistical analysis on a collection of 36 Boolean models of signal transduction networks reveals that the correlations observed in the theoretical cases are suppressed in the biological networks, thus supporting previous research results.
Open system quantum thermodynamics of time-varying graphs
Authors: Minello Giorgia , Torsello Andrea , Hancock Edwin R 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present a novel analysis of time-evolving networks, based on a thermodynamic representation of graph structure. We show how to characterize the evolution of time-varying complex networks by relating major structural changes to thermodynamic phase transitions. In particular, we derive expressions for a number of different thermodynamic quantities (specifically energy, entropy and temperature), which we use to describe the evolutionary behaviour of the network system over time. Since in the real world no system is truly closed and interactions with the environment are usually strong, we assume an open nature of the system. We adopt the Schrödinger picture as the dynamical representation of the quantum system over time. First, we compute the network entropy using a recent quantum mechanical representation of graph structure, connecting the graph Laplacian to a density operator. Then, we assume the system evolves according to the Schrödinger representation, but we allow for decoherence due to the interaction with the environment in a model akin to Environment-Induced Decoherence. We simplify the model by separating its dynamics into (a) an unknown time-dependent unitary evolution plus (b) an observation/interaction process, and this is the sole cause of the changes in the eigenvalues of the density matrix of the system. This allows us to obtain a measure of energy exchange with the environment through the estimation of the hidden time-varying Hamiltonian responsible for the unitary part of the evolution. Using the thermodynamic relationship between changes in energy, entropy, pressure and volume, we recover the thermodynamic temperature. We assess the utility of the method on real-world time-varying networks representing complex systems in the financial and biological domains. We also compare and contrast the different characterizations provided by the thermodynamic variables (energy, entropy, temperature and pressure). The study shows that the estimation of the time-varying energy operator strongly characterizes different states of a time-evolving system and successfully detects critical events occurring during network evolution.
P115 Determination of waist circumference and correlation of waist-to-height ratio in adolescents as a prediction tool of high blood pressure
Authors: Kerimkulova A , Ospanova A S , Nurpeissova R G , Kamalbekova G M , Rymbaeva T H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The obesity and overweight epidemic, together with increasing cardiovascular disease, represent a major health problem worldwide, and their occurrence in childhood and adolescence has increased in recent time.

Purpose
to assess the association of waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) coefficient with occurrence rate in adolescents with high blood pressure.

Materials and methods
The results of a single-step cross-sectional study of teenagers aged 12-13 years studied in 12 secondary schools in our city (Kazakhstan) are presented. The study included adolescents in the amount of 1519 (average age, standard deviation 12.3 + 0.46 years). For representing the outcomes there were used the measurement of weight, height, BMI, WC, WHtR and the blood pressure of adolescents. Criteria for BP: normal BP (SBP and DBP &lt;89th percentile); high normal BP (SBP and DBP ≤90 and 94th percentile); arterial hypertension (SBP and DBP &gt; 95th percentile). ROC analysis was used to study the relationship between WC, WHtR and BMI. The distinctive impact of WC or WHtR on the development of these states was expressed as the area under the curve (AUC 95% CI).

Results
From 1519 studied teenagers of 12-13 years, boys were 49.1% (n = 745), girls 50.9% (n = 774). Population with normal BP composed 62.7%, normal raised BP - 24.8%, hypertension - 12.4%, WC˂90th percentile at 98.5% (n = 939). The distribution by sex was: girls are more likely to have abdominal obesity than boys, (χ²=19.940, df = 1, р˂0.001). An elevated level of WHtR was detected in 7.6% (n = 115) of adolescents. Among boys were 7.7% (n = 57) and girls 7.5% (n = 58), χ²=0.013, df = 1, p = 0.908. ). Girls (10.8%) with high blood pressure have increase WC than boys (2.1%), χ²=26.689, df = 1, р˂0.001. Adolescents with high blood pressure have enhanced WHtR - 12.2% than adolescents with normal blood pressure (2.7%), χ²=27.518, df = 1, р˂0.001. Increase of WC &gt; 90th percentile enhances with 4.5 times (95% CI: 2.44-8.53) and WHtR with 2.7 times (95% CI: 1.85-4.04) in adolescents with high blood pressure. WC (AUC = 832; 95% CI: 0.792-0.872) and WHtR (AUC = 0.812; 95% CI: 0.770-0.854was a better predictor of abdominal obesity than BMI. Conclusions. Indicators of WC, WHtR indicating to the presence of abdominal obesity to identify risk factors for the development of high blood pressure. Participants with increase of WC &gt; 90th percentile were 4.5 times and WHtR were 2.7 times more likely to have high blood pressure.
P265 Infective endocarditis:think global, act local:changing trends in infective endocarditis-integrating antibiotic stewardship program: data from developing world
Authors: Patel N K , Ahmed H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Despite improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, both the incidence, severity & mortality of Infective Endocarditis (IE) seem to be unchanged.The pattern of the disease in terms of host, agent & environment changing rapidly.The successful integration of antibiotic stewardship program along with the appropriate use of antibiotic agents has made a huge difference in the treatment strategy & cost reduction in patient care for IE. Materials & Methods: A single centre, retrospective & prospective study done between 2009 to 2018. The diagnosis of infective endocarditis was done as per the modified Duke’s Criteria. 355 patients were analysed and baseline demographic data with echocardiographic, microbiologic,complications, treatment & outcomes noted. All blood cultures processing was done with BACTEC and BacTAlert using standard precautions.Antibiotic stewardship program was initiated since February 2016 as per international protocol. Results: The mean age of the study population was 46.7+-3 years. Predominanlty streptococcus species ( 21.4%) was isolated in the culture.A definite rise in atypical (17.9%) organism was noted in 2018 over the period of study as compared to 2009 : Presence of Burkholderia, Candida, Atypical Mycobacterium spp increased. Despite the advances in diagnostic modalities,there has been no change in mortality associated with IE (10.3%) over the period of 2009-2018. There is a predominantly native Mitral Valve involvement (53.7%) & a definite rise in Prosthetic Valve endocarditis (19.6%) noted in the last 5 years. Conclusion:This study is the largest study & data on Infective Endocarditis so far from a single centre in a developing world with a study population of 355 patients. Risk factors for IE have changed over time.Newer paradigms in treating IE and integration of antibiotic stewardship program has successfully brought down the cost and increased care in this part of the developing world.
Changing trends : Organism Profile in IE Year Strept(%) Staph(%) Entero(%) Atypical(%) 2009 26.2 2.4 7.1 7.1 2011 24 8 12 16 2013 20 10 10 17.5 2015 27.3 12.7 3.6 20 2016 13.6 31.8 4.5 18.2 2017 27.6 13.8 10.3 34.5 2018 21.4 17.9 10.7 17.9
Abstract P265 Figure. Changing Epidemiological trends in IE
P266 Infective endocarditis: exploring geographical trends and comparing risk models in a multi-ethnic asian population
Authors: Kui S , Huang W T , Tan W X , Chai S C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Host factors and complications have been associated with higher mortality in infective endocarditis (IE). We explored factors impacting mortality in our local multiracial Singapore population and validated the simplified risk score to predict 6-month mortality in IE developed by the International Collaboration on Endocarditis [ICE].

Methods
Using a retrospective registry of definite IE determined by the Duke’s criteria, we studied 116 IE cases diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2014. Baseline demographic, clinical and 6 month mortality data were collected. Logistic and Cox regression was used to study factors affecting 6 month mortality. A cut-off of p &lt; 0.10 was used to determine factors to be put into the multivariable model.

Results
6 month mortality in the cohort was 26.7% [31/116]. Surgery during index hospitalization was performed in 20.7% [24/116] of the cohort. Significant factors affecting mortality include: [Host] diabetes mellitus, intravenous drug abuser, [IE characteristics] left sided valve regurgitation, nosocomial IE, [IE complications] persistent bacteremia, stroke and embolic phenomena. Surgery was significantly associated with lower risk of mortality.
The receiver operating curve(ROC) of the ICE simplified risk score is 0.84. Using the principle of parsimony, we compared our reduced model, removing variables (possible to state what are the variables removed to compare and contrast the 2 models) with p-value &gt; 0.10, the ROC of our reduced model is 0.85 and difference between performance of both models were non-significant at p = 0.893. The goodness-of-fit of both models were demonstrated by non significant Hosmer-Lemeshow test. K-fold cross validation was also performed for internal validation of our reduced model.

Conclusions
6 month mortality after IE is 26.7% and is predicted by host factors, IE characteristics and complications. Surgery during the index hospitalization is associated with lower mortality. Our reduced IE model performed comparatively to the ICE risk score.
P280 Concomitant use of ivabradine and cyp3a4 inhibitors in critical cardiac patients
Authors: Mohamed Ariff A , Abd Hadi H , Nay T W , Thoulath M I , Jauhari Aktifanus A T , Mutaya S M , Ismail S N , Jafar N , Nalliah S , Khairuddin A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
In recent years there have been warnings concerning drug-induced life-threatening arrhythmias. Drug interactions can increase the risk of QT interval prolongation via interaction of pharmacokinetic mechanism. Some drugs such as Ivabradine does not affect the repolarization or affect the QT interval themselves. However, it can increase the risk of QT prolongation when taken with drugs that block the metabolic breakdown which inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme particularly. Predisposing factors of QT prolongation include female sex, age over 65 years, brady-arrhythmia, electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia), cardiac disease (congestive heart failure, ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation), impaired hepatic/renal function and hypothyroidism.

Purpose
To assess potential Ivabradine – CYP3A4 inhibitor interactions in a Cardiac Critical Care Unit (CCCU).

Method
We prospectively observed patients admitted at CCCU received Ivabradine and CYP3A4 inhibitor (QTprolonging agent) concomitantlyfrom Feb 2018 to July 2018 at National Heart Institute, Malaysia. We use a clinical drug decision support system (CDDSS) to identify the potential drug-drug interactions (PDDI) and assessed the likelihood of drug - drug interactions (DDI) using Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS).

Results
Patients admitted at CCCU co-administered with Ivabradine and CYP3A4 inhibitors (amiodarone/azithromycin) were analyzed. The severity level for both potential Ivabradine – Azithromycin and Ivabradine – Amiodarone interactions were alerted by the CDDSS as Major. Total 10 (M = 70%) patients were screened. The mean age was ± 57 years old. They had no previous exposure to both or one of the medications before. All patients had underlying cardiac disease. The left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) ranged from 15% - 65%. Adverse drug event (ADE) occurred in 7 (70%) patients [Male = 5 (71%), Female = 2 (67%)]. 70% of patients had prolonged QT interval induced by Ivabradine – Amiodarone and Ivabradine – Azithromycin All patients had QTc interval &lt; 500 ms before co-administration and had a change of ± 100 ms after coadministration. The onset of ADE ranged from day 2 to day 5 in all patients. One had life threatening arrhythmia; ventricular fibrillation and require defibrillator and another one patient had non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. The most common precipitating factor was underlying cardiac disease. All suspected precipitating drug was discontinued. DIPS revealed; 57% patients scored 9 points (highly probable DDI) and the rest scored between 5-7 points (probable DDI).

Conclusion
Ivabradine potentially associated to fatal arrhythmia when it is co-administered with CYP3A4 inhibitor. Hence, the physician should reconsider such combination within the correct clinical context to avoid cardiovascular deterioration especially in a critical care setting.
The associations of major foods and fibre with risks of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke: a prospective study of 418 329 participants in the EPIC cohort across nine European countries
Authors: Tong Tammy Y N , Appleby Paul N , Key Timothy J , Dahm Christina C , Overvad Kim , Olsen Anja , Tjønneland Anne , Katzke Verena , Kühn Tilman , Boeing Heiner , Karakatsani Anna , Peppa Eleni , Trichopoulou Antonia , Weiderpass Elisabete , Masala Giovanna , Grioni Sara , Panico Salvatore , Tumino Rosario , Boer Jolanda M A , Verschuren W M Monique , Quirós J Ramón , Agudo Antonio , Rodríguez-Barranco Miguel , Imaz Liher , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Moreno-Iribas Conchi , Engström Gunnar , Sonestedt Emily , Lind Marcus , Otten Julia , Khaw Kay-Tee , Aune Dagfinn , Riboli Elio , Wareham Nicholas J , Imamura Fumiaki , Forouhi Nita G , di Angelantonio Emanuele , Wood Angela M , Butterworth Adam S , Perez-Cornago Aurora 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aim
To investigate the associations between major foods and dietary fibre with subtypes of stroke in a large prospective cohort.

Methods and results
We analysed data on 418 329 men and women from nine European countries, with an average of 12.7 years of follow-up. Diet was assessed using validated country-specific questionnaires which asked about habitual intake over the past year, calibrated using 24-h recalls. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke associated with consumption of red and processed meat, poultry, fish, dairy foods, eggs, cereals, fruit and vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, and dietary fibre. For ischaemic stroke (4281 cases), lower risks were observed with higher consumption of fruit and vegetables combined (HR; 95% CI per 200 g/day higher intake, 0.87; 0.82–0.93, P-trend &lt; 0.001), dietary fibre (per 10 g/day, 0.77; 0.69–0.86, P-trend &lt; 0.001), milk (per 200 g/day, 0.95; 0.91–0.99, P-trend = 0.02), yogurt (per 100 g/day, 0.91; 0.85–0.97, P-trend = 0.004), and cheese (per 30 g/day, 0.88; 0.81–0.97, P-trend = 0.008), while higher risk was observed with higher red meat consumption which attenuated when adjusted for the other statistically significant foods (per 50 g/day, 1.07; 0.96–1.20, P-trend = 0.20). For haemorrhagic stroke (1430 cases), higher risk was associated with higher egg consumption (per 20 g/day, 1.25; 1.09–1.43, P-trend = 0.002).

Conclusion
Risk of ischaemic stroke was inversely associated with consumption of fruit and vegetables, dietary fibre, and dairy foods, while risk of haemorrhagic stroke was positively associated with egg consumption. The apparent differences in the associations highlight the importance of examining ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke subtypes separately.
Atmospheric infrasound generation by ocean waves in finite depth: unified theory and application to radiation patterns
Authors: De Carlo M , Ardhuin F , Le Pichon A 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYBetween 0.1 and 0.5 Hz, infrasound signals recorded in the atmosphere are dominated by ocean-generated noise called microbaroms. Microbaroms propagate through the atmosphere over thousands of kilometres due to low absorption and efficient ducting between the ground and the stratopause. Different theoretical models have been developed to characterize the source of microbaroms, all based on the second-order nonlinear interaction of ocean waves. While early theories considered an infinite ocean depth and a source radiation depending on the acoustic wave elevation angle, other works have approximated the radiation pattern as a monopole, and found a considerable effect of the water depth. This paper reviews these models and extends the previous theories to the combined effects of both finite depth ocean and source directivity in both elevation and azimuth angles. It is found that the water depth has a negligible effect for the near-horizontally propagating acoustic waves that should dominate the measured microbarom records. Another important result is that the microbarom azimuthal variation can be highly directive locally, but it generally becomes isotropic when integrated over a realistic source region.
Data-driven control over short-period internal multiples in media with a horizontally layered overburden
Authors: Elison P , Dukalski M S , de Vos K , van Manen D J , Robertsson J O A 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARY
Short-period internal multiples, resulting from closely spaced interfaces, may interfere with their generating (bandlimited) primaries, and hence they pose a long-standing challenge in their prediction and removal. A recently proposed method based on the Marchenko equation enables removal of the entire overburden-related scattering by means of calculating an inverse transmission response. However, the method relies on time windowing and can thus be inexact in the presence of short-period internal scattering. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of the impact of band-limitation on the Marchenko method. We show the influence of an incorrect first guess, and that adding multidimensional energy conservation and a minimum phase principle may be used to correctly account for both long- and short-period internal multiple scattering. The proposed method can currently only be solved for media with a laterally invariant overburden, since a multidimensional minimum phase condition is not well understood for truly 2-D and 3-D media. We demonstrate the virtue of the proposed scheme with a complex acoustic numerical model that is based on sonic log measurements in the Middle East. The results suggest not only that the conventional scheme can be robust in this setting, but that the ‘augmented’ Marchenko method is superior, as the latter produces a structural image identical to one where the finely layered overburden is missing. This is the first demonstration of a data-driven method to account for short-period internal multiples beyond 1-D.
hp-FEM for the fractional heat equation
Authors: Markus Melenk Jens , Rieder Alexander 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We consider a time-dependent problem generated by a nonlocal operator in space. Applying for the spatial discretization a scheme based on $hp$-finite elements and a Caffarelli–Silvestre extension we obtain a semidiscrete semigroup. The discretization in time is carried out by using $hp$-discontinuous Galerkin based time stepping. We prove exponential convergence for such a method in an abstract framework for the discretization in the spatial domain $\varOmega $.
Fibrolytic enzymes improve the nutritive value of high-moisture corn for finishing bulls
Authors: Salvo Pedro Augusto Ribeiro , Gritti Viviane C , Daniel João Luiz Pratti , Martins Leandro S , Lopes Fernanda , Santos Flavio Augusto Portela , Nussio Luiz Gustavo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) improve the energy availability of grains for nonruminant animals by reducing encapsulation of the endosperm nutrients within grain cell walls; however, these benefits are unknown in the treatment of corn-based silage for cattle. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of adding EFE at ensiling on the nutritive value of high-moisture corn (HMC) and snaplage (SNAP) for finishing Nellore bulls. The EFE dose was 100 g/Mg fresh matter in both HMC and SNAP. Diets were 1) a SNAP + HMC control (without enzyme addition); 2) SNAP + HMC EFE (with enzymes); 3) a whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) + HMC control (without enzyme addition); and 4) WPCS + HMC EFE (with enzymes). In addition to the silages, the diets were also composed of soybean hulls, soybean meal, and mineral–vitamin supplement. The statistical design was a randomized complete block with a factorial arrangement of treatments, and the experiment lasted 122 d. For in situ and in vitro analyses, 2 cannulated dry cows were used. There was no interaction between the diets and EFE application (ADG, P = 0.92; DMI, P = 0.77; G:F, P = 0.70), and there was no difference between the SNAP and WPCS diets regarding the DMI (P = 0.53), ADG (P = 0.35), and feed efficiency (ADG:DMI, P = 0.83). Adding EFE to the HMC and SNAP at ensiling did not affect ADG but decreased DMI (P = 0.01), resulting in greater feed efficiency by 5.91% (P = 0.04) than that observed in animals fed diets without the addition of EFE. Addition of EFE to HMC resulted in reduced NDF content and increased in vitro and in situ DM digestibility compared with untreated HMC. No effects were found for the addition of EFE to SNAP. Fecal starch decreased with EFE application (P = 0.05). Therefore, the diet energy content (TDN, NEm, and NEg) calculated from animal performance increased (P = 0.01) with the addition of EFE to HMC. In conclusion, exchanging the NDF from WPCS with that from SNAP did not affect the performance of finishing cattle, whereas the addition of EFE to HMC at ensiling improved animal performance by increasing the energy availability of the grain.