bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juvenile socio-ecological environment shapes material technology in nest-building birds
Authors: Breen Alexis J , Lovie Keren E , Guerard Chloé , Edwards Sophie C , Cooper Jasmine , Healy Susan D , Guillette Lauren M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVariation in animal material technology, such as tool use and nest construction, is thought to be caused, in part, by differences in the early-life socio-ecological environment—that is, who and what is around—but this developmental hypothesis remains unconfirmed. We used a tightly controlled developmental paradigm to determine whether adult and/or raw-material access in early life shape first-time nest construction in laboratory-bred zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata at sexual maturity. We found that juvenile access to both an unrelated adult and raw material of one color led to a majority preference (75%) by novice builders for this color of material over that for either natal-nest or novel-colored material, whereas a lack of juvenile access to both an unrelated adult and raw material led to a 4- and nearly 3-fold reduction in the speed at which novice builders initiated and completed nest construction, respectively. Contrary to expectation, neither the amount of time juveniles nor their adult groupmate spent handling the raw material appear to drive these early-life effects on zebra finches’ first-time nest construction, suggesting that adult presence might be sufficient to drive the development of animal material technology. Together these data show that the juvenile socio-ecological environment can trigger variation in at least two critical aspects of animal material technology (material preference and construction speed), revealing a potentially powerful developmental window for technological advancement. Thus, to understand selection on animal material technology, the early-life environment must be considered.
The use and performance of survey-based pre-recruit abundance indices for possible inclusion in stock assessments of coastal-dependent species
Authors: Le Pape Olivier , Vermard Youen , Guitton Jérome , Brown Elliot J , van de Wolfshaar Karen E , Lipcius Romuald N , Støttrup Josianne G , Rose Kenneth A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We reviewed the use of survey-based pre-recruit abundance indices in short-term recruitment forecasts for fish species relying on coastal habitats at the juvenile stage and that are assessed by ICES. We collated information from stock assessment reports and from a questionnaire filled out by the stock assessors. Among the 78 stocks with juvenile coastal dependence, 49 use short-term forecasts in stock assessment. Survey-based pre-recruit abundance indices were available for 35 of these stocks, but only 14 were used to forecast recruitment. The questionnaire indicated that the limited use of survey-based pre-recruit abundance indices was primarily due to sampling inefficiency, which may preclude reliable recruitment estimates. The sampling is inefficient because the juvenile coastal distribution is outside the geographical area covered by large-scale surveys or targeted coastal surveys are conducted on limited spatial and temporal scales. However, our analysis of the relationship between survey-based pre-recruit indices and assessment-generated recruitment indices revealed that survey-based pre-recruit abundance indices were sufficiently accurate to provide useful information for predicting future recruitment. We recommend expansion of the use of survey-based indices of pre-recruit abundance in stock assessment and recruitment forecasting, and consideration of how to include juveniles in ongoing and future surveys.
The neglected contributions of William Beebe to the natural history of the deep-sea
Authors: Dolan John R 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWilliam Beebe (1877–1962) was a very popular 20th century naturalist and an early proponent of studying all organisms in a habitat. Beebe’s deep-sea work began with his Arcturus Oceanographic Expedition in 1925 with sampling closely modelled on the Michael Sars deep-sea expedition. Dissatisfied with ship-based sampling of stations for a few days at best, he established a field laboratory in Bermuda to do intensive deep-water sampling. From 1929 to 1934, plankton net tows were carried out at the same site, over several months each year, totalling over 1500 net tows in deep waters. Here, the sampling efforts and results are reviewed from both the Arcturus Expedition and the Bermuda station. Study of the deep-sea samples yielded 43 scientific articles, published from 1926 to 1952, on a large variety of taxa. Beebe is still a popular figure connected in the public view with deep-sea exploration from his famous Bathysphere dives at the Bermuda site. However, his name rarely, if ever, appears in academic reviews of deep-sea biology or deep-sea expeditions. This study is an attempt to draw attention to Beebe’s considerable scientific deep-sea work and provide some speculation as to why his contributions might be neglected.
Determinants of growth measurements in rural Cambodian infants: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Miyazaki Asuka , Matsui Mitsuaki , Tung Rathavy , Taing Bunsreng , White Laura V , Iwamoto Azusa , Cox Sharon E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Inappropriate feeding and hygiene practices and poor environment are associated with malnutrition. We aimed to investigate the contributions of feeding, hygiene practices and recent illness to the nutritional status of rural Cambodian infants and any sex-specific differences.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study, nested within an ongoing birth cohort, trained fieldworkers conducted anthropometry and collected information from the main caregiver during home visits. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate associations with nutritional status as length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) and weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ).

Results
A total of 156 children, 87 (55.8%) male, ages 0–11 months were enrolled. The prevalence of acute malnutrition (WLZ &lt;−2) in males and females was 2.3% (2/87) and 5.8% (4/69), respectively, and 23.0% (20/87) of males and 14.5% (10/69) of females were stunted (LAZ &lt;−2). WLZ but not LAZ decreased with age. WLZ was independently negatively associated with increasing age (β-coefficient −0.14 [95% confidence interval {CI} −0.20 to −0.08], p&lt;0.001), and regular use of feeding bottles (β-coefficient −0.46 [95% CI −0.83 to −0.10], p=0.014), and positively with handwashing with soap (β-coefficient 0.40 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.75), p=0.027).

Conclusions
The prevalence of acute malnutrition was low, but stunting was prevalent without evidence of a sex difference. Non-linear growth faltering was associated with increasing age and hygiene/feeding practices.
Oral fosfomycin use for pyelonephritis and complicated urinary tract infections: a 1 year review of outcomes and prescribing habits in a large municipal healthcare system
Authors: Hatlen Timothy J , Flor Richard , Nguyen Megan H , Lee Grace H , Miller Loren G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The rising incidence of MDR uropathogens has driven increased use of oral fosfomycin for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs). However, there are limited data to support its use for cUTI, especially pyelonephritis.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of all oral fosfomycin prescriptions between 1 January and 31 December 2017 in the Los Angeles County Department of Health Service system, the second largest US municipal health system. We examined demographics, clinical characteristics, adverse events and 30 day treatment success for patients with cUTI. Follow-up urine cultures till 31 December 2018 were examined for emergence of fosfomycin resistance.

Results
Of 154 patients prescribed fosfomycin, 99 (64%) had cUTI. Of these, 39 (39%) had lower tract, 37 (37%) pyelonephritis and 23 (23%) non-pyelonephritis upper tract cUTI. Escherichia coli ESBL producers were the predominant pathogens (73%). Of the 63 patients with 30 day follow-up, 49 (78%) had clinical success, including 16/20 (80%) treated for pyelonephritis. Treatment failure was associated with male sex (P &lt; 0.01), urological abnormalities (P = 0.05), non-E. coli cUTI (P = 0.03) and receipt of &lt;25% IV therapy prior to fosfomycin switch (P = 0.03). Of patients prescribed fosfomycin (n = 154), fosfomycin-resistant E. coli were found in 9/64 (14%) of the patients with follow-up urine cultures &gt;30 days after initial treatment.

Conclusions
Despite the lack of data supporting its use, we found that most patients receiving oral fosfomycin off-label for cUTI, including pyelonephritis, had clinical success. However, emergence of subsequent resistance warrants caution. Prospective comparative studies should be done to better evaluate oral fosfomycin use for cUTI.
Efficacy of single and multiple oral doses of fosfomycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections in a dynamic in vitro bladder infection model
Authors: Abbott Iain J , van Gorp Elke , Wijma Rixt A , Dekker Jordy , Croughs Peter D , Meletiadis Joseph , Mouton Johan W , Peleg Anton Y 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We used a dynamic bladder infection in vitro model with synthetic human urine (SHU) to examine fosfomycin exposures to effectively kill, or prevent emergence of resistance, among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.

Methods
Dynamic urinary fosfomycin concentrations after 3 g oral fosfomycin were simulated, comparing single and multiple (daily for 7 days) doses. Pharmacodynamic response of 16 P. aeruginosa (MIC range 1 to &gt;1024 mg/L) were examined. Baseline disc diffusion susceptibility, broth microdilution MIC and detection of heteroresistance were assessed. Pathogen kill and emergence of resistance over 72 h following a single dose, and over 216 h following daily dosing for 7 days, were investigated. The fAUC0–24/MIC associated with stasis and 1, 2 and 3 log10 kill were determined.

Results
Pre-exposure high-level resistant (HLR) subpopulations were detected in 11/16 isolates after drug-free incubation in the bladder infection model. Five of 16 isolates had &gt;2 log10 kill after single dose, reducing to 2/16 after seven doses. Post-exposure HLR amplification occurred in 8/16 isolates following a single dose and in 11/16 isolates after seven doses. Baseline MIC ≥8 mg/L with an HLR subpopulation predicted post-exposure emergence of resistance following the multiple doses. A PK/PD target of fAUC0–24/MIC &gt;5000 was associated with 3 log10 kill at 72 h and 7 day-stasis.

Conclusions
Simulated treatment of P. aeruginosa urinary tract infections with oral fosfomycin was ineffective, despite exposure to high urinary concentrations and repeated daily doses for 7 days. Emergence of resistance was observed in the majority of isolates and worsened following prolonged therapy. Detection of a baseline resistant subpopulation predicted treatment failure.
Development and validation of phenotype classifiers across multiple sites in the observational health data sciences and informatics network
Authors: Kashyap Mehr , Seneviratne Martin , Banda Juan M , Falconer Thomas , Ryu Borim , Yoo Sooyoung , Hripcsak George , Shah Nigam H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
Accurate electronic phenotyping is essential to support collaborative observational research. Supervised machine learning methods can be used to train phenotype classifiers in a high-throughput manner using imperfectly labeled data. We developed 10 phenotype classifiers using this approach and evaluated performance across multiple sites within the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) network.

Materials and Methods
We constructed classifiers using the Automated PHenotype Routine for Observational Definition, Identification, Training and Evaluation (APHRODITE) R-package, an open-source framework for learning phenotype classifiers using datasets in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. We labeled training data based on the presence of multiple mentions of disease-specific codes. Performance was evaluated on cohorts derived using rule-based definitions and real-world disease prevalence. Classifiers were developed and evaluated across 3 medical centers, including 1 international site.

Results
Compared to the multiple mentions labeling heuristic, classifiers showed a mean recall boost of 0.43 with a mean precision loss of 0.17. Performance decreased slightly when classifiers were shared across medical centers, with mean recall and precision decreasing by 0.08 and 0.01, respectively, at a site within the USA, and by 0.18 and 0.10, respectively, at an international site.

Discussion and Conclusion
We demonstrate a high-throughput pipeline for constructing and sharing phenotype classifiers across sites within the OHDSI network using APHRODITE. Classifiers exhibit good portability between sites within the USA, however limited portability internationally, indicating that classifier generalizability may have geographic limitations, and, consequently, sharing the classifier-building recipe, rather than the pretrained classifiers, may be more useful for facilitating collaborative observational research.
Determination of Vitamin K in Milk and Infant Formulas by Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study
Authors: Indyk Harvey E , Woollard David C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A simple procedure for determination of vitamin K1 was developed for routine compliance monitoring of supplemented infant formula and measurement of endogenous levels in milk and milk powders. Samples are digested with lipase and extracted into hexane; an aliquot is evaporated, reconstituted in methanol, and analyzed by reversed-phase LC. Post-column zinc reduction of phylloquinone facilitates detection by fluorescence. The procedure was subjected to an AOAC collaborative study involving 8 materials, each in blind duplicate, across the range of 5–120 μg/100 g solids and including NIST 1846 reference material. Thirty-three laboratories returned valid data which were then statistically analyzed for outliers and precision parameters. Mean RSDR (%) was 6.53 (4.33–10.94), with a mean HORRAT value of 0.33 (0.23–0.43) and RSDr:RSDR ratio of 0.74. K1 isomers (cis and trans) were aggregated with conventional C18 columns, but may be selectively estimated with use of the C30 column.
Simultaneous Determination of Residues of Chloramphenicol, Florfenicol, Florfenicol Amine, and Thiamphenicol in Shrimp Tissue by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection
Authors: Pfenning Allen P , Roybal José E , Rupp Heidi S , Turnipseed Sherri B , Gonzales Steve A , Hurlbut Jeffrey A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A gas chromatographic (GC) method is presented for determining residues of chloramphenicol (CAP), florfenicol (FF), florfenicol amine (FFa), and thiamphenicol (TAP) in shrimp tissues, with meta-nitrochloramphenicol (mCAP) as the internal standard. The composited shrimp is extracted with basic ethyl acetate, followed by an acetonitrile–basic ethyl acetate mixture. This extract is centrifuged, filtered, evaporated, and reconstituted in water; the reconstituted extract is acidified, defatted with hexane, and passed through a propylsulfonic acid (PRS) and C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) system. The C18 SPE column is eluted with methanol, and the PRS SPE column is eluted with basic MeOH plus counter ion. The combined eluates are evaporated, reconstituted in acetonitrile, and derivatized with Sylon BFT. After derivatization, the addition of toluene directly to the sample, followed by the addition of basic water, quenches the derivatization process. After centrifugation, the organic layer is carefully removed, and the analytes are determined by GC with electron capture detection. Shrimp tissues were fortified with fenicols (i.e., CAP, FF, FFa, and TAP) at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 ng/mL. Overall recoveries were 88, 101, 91, and 84% with overall interassay (between-day) variabilities (i.e., relative standard deviations) of 5.3, 9.4, 12.8, and 7.4% for CAP, FF, FFa, and TAP, respectively. The method detection limits were calculated as 0.7, 1.4, 2.4, and 1.3 ng/g (ppb) for CAP, FF, FFa, and TAP, respectively, based on a 10 g sample. The quantitation limit as determined empirically by this method is the lower limit of the standard curve, which is about 5 ng/g (ppb) for each analyte.
Bayesian Discriminant Analysis of Yogurt Products Based on Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Zheng-Yong , Yao An-Yang , Yue Tong-Tong , Niu Min-Qiu , Wang Hai-Yan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The quality discrimination of dairy products is an important basis on which to achieve quality assurance.

Objective
Taking the discriminant analysis of brand yogurt products as an example, a new rapid discriminant method can be constructed.

Method
The first three principal components were selected as the pattern vectors of the samples. Then, at random, 75% of the samples were collected as a training set, and their mean values and covariance matrices were calculated to construct a Gauss Bayesian discriminant model. The remaining 25% of samples were employed as a test set, and the pattern vectors of each sample were input into the above model. Next, the posterior probability of each sample in relation to each category could be obtained. Results: The category corresponding to the maximum posterior probability as the brand classification of each sample was defined.

Conclusions
We constructed a Gauss Bayesian discriminant model to discriminate these different yogurt products after the principal component feature extraction of Raman properties. The results indicate the rationality and wide application prospects of this approach.

Highlights
A fast dairy product discriminant method based on Gauss Bayesian model and Raman spectroscopy was established.
Growth and development of North Pacific gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus)
Authors: Agbayani Selina , Fortune Sarah M E , Trites Andrew W 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding variability in growth patterns of marine mammals provides insights into the health of individuals and status of populations. Body growth of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) has been described for particular life stages, but has not been quantified across all ages. We derived a comprehensive growth equation for gray whales by fitting a two-phased growth model to age-specific length data of eastern North Pacific gray whales that were captured, stranded, or harvested between 1926 and 1997. To predict mass-at-age, we used the allometric relationship between mass and length. We found that on average (± SD), calves were 4.6 ± 0.043 m and 972 ± 26 kg at birth, and reached 8.5 ± 0.095 m and 6,019 ± 196 kg by the end of their first year of life (n = 118). Thus, calves almost double (2×) in length and octuple (8×) in mass while nursing, and are effectively about two-thirds of their asymptotic adult length and one-third of their maximum mass when weaned. The large sample of aged individuals (n = 730) indicates that gray whales live up to ~48 years and have a life expectancy of &lt; 30 years. Adult females attain a mean (± SD) asymptotic size of 13.1 ± 0.048 m and 20,758 ± 222 kg, while the smaller males average 12.6 ± 0.048 m and 19,938 ± 222 kg at ~40 years of age. Females are thereby ~4% longer and heavier than males. These age-specific estimates of body size can be used to estimate food requirements and assess nutritional status of individuals.
Managing Forest Health through Collaboration on the Allegheny High Unglaciated Plateau
Authors: Hanson Joshua W , Hille Andrea T , Stout Susan L , McDonough Maureen , Oldland William 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Forests in the High Allegheny Unglaciated Plateau Subsection of Pennsylvania and New York, including the Allegheny National Forest, have been increasingly impacted by an array of native and introduced forest insects, pathogens, plants, and other disturbances for decades. An unbalanced age-class distribution, changing soil nutrient status, seedling establishment issues, droughts, and storm events also threaten forest health and structure. In 2017, the Allegheny National Forest convened a broad cross-section of forest stakeholders to collaboratively assess and prioritize these threats and develop effective strategies to address them. Relying on consensus and shared learning, the Allegheny Forest Health Collaborative assigned priorities and created working groups to address priority threats. This paper describes the collaboration and features a case study of followup, multilandowner work to assign treatment priorities to affected stands and develop silvicultural strategies for stands with poor and decreasing seed source.
School Exclusions During Selected Pertussis Outbreaks, Oregon, 2017–2018
Authors: Liko Juventila , Cieslak Paul R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Fifteen Oregon schools excluded undervaccinated students when struck by pertussis outbreaks during the 2017–2018 school year. Of 243 under- or unvaccinated, exposed, students in these schools, 134 (55%) accepted vaccination, and 87 (36%) were excluded and missed a total of 975½ school days. No excluded students were subsequently reported as cases.
Rash and Mucositis Associated With Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae: A Recurrence of MIRM?
Authors: Brazel Danielle , Kulp Brooke , Bautista Geoanna , Bonwit Andrew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
A new concept has come to light recently, that is, Mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM). Here, we report the first case of recurrent rash, mucositis, and conjunctivitis involving Mycoplasma pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae that fits under the criteria of what is currently defined as MIRM.

Case Presentation
A patient aged 12 years with a history of recurrent aphthous ulcers presented in 2013 with worsening oral lesions, conjunctivitis, and vesicular rash. Her respiratory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel was positive for M. pneumoniae. She was diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) secondary to M. pneumoniae and treated with a macrolide, acyclovir, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The same patient returned 3 years later with an identical constellation of symptoms, at which time her PCR was positive for C. pneumoniae. In addition to IVIG and a macrolide, a corticosteroid treatment was administered.

Discussion
Here, we present the case of a pediatric patient with a recurrence of mucocutaneous disease that is more consistent with MIRM than the proposed SJS or erythema multiforme (EM) documented via histology. Our patient’s symptoms were controlled with azithromycin and IVIG and, in the second episode, with corticosteroids as well. This case adds to that of Mayor-Ibarguren et al, providing further evidence that C. pneumonia may also be a trigger for MIRM. Patients will benefit from expanding the definition of MIRM, as the pathogenesis differs from SJS and EM and could result in more specific treatment options.