bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NiMoFe and NiMoFeP as Complementary Electrocatalysts for Efficient Overall Water Splitting and Their Application in PV‐Electrolysis with STH 12.3%
Authors: Baek Minki , Kim Guan‐Woo , Park Taiho , Yong Kijung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractComplementary water splitting electrocatalysts used simultaneously in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can simplify water splitting systems. Herein, earth‐abundant NiMoFe (NMF) and phosphorized NiMoFeP (NMFP) are synthesized as complementary overall water splitting (OWS) catalysts. First, NMF is tested as both the HER and OER promoter, which exhibits low overpotentials of 68 (HER) and 337 mV (OER). A quaternary NMFP is then prepared by simple phosphorization of NMF, which shows a much lower OER overpotential of 286 mV. The enhanced OER activity is attributed to the unique surface/core structure of NMFP. The surface phosphate acts as a proton transport mediator and expedites the rate‐determining step. With the application of OER potential, the NMFP surface is composed of Ni(OH)2 and FeOOH, active sites for OER, but the inner core consists of Ni, Mo, and Fe metals, serving as a conductive electron pathway. OWS with NMF‐NMFP requires an applied voltage of 1.452 V to generate 10 mA cm−2, which is one of the lowest values among OWS results with transition‐metal‐based electrocatalysts. Furthermore, the catalysts are combined with tandem perovskite solar cells for photovoltaic (PV)‐electrolysis, producing a high solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of 12.3%.
Regional midterm electricity demand forecasting based on economic, weather, holiday, and events factors
Authors: Liu Yuxi , Zhao Jiakui , Liu Jian , Chen Yuze , Ouyang Hong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMidterm electricity demand forecasting plays an important role in energy management, policy‐making, and investment decisions in regulated or deregulated electricity market. In this study, the proposed electricity demand forecasting method is composed of two stages. In the forecasting stage, historical electricity consumption data are utilized, while four diverse prediction models—support vector machine regression, L1/2 sparse regression, back‐propagation neural network regression, and autoregressive integrated moving average time‐series analysis—are introduced according to the clustering results of electricity demand curves against 27 provincial power enterprises within State Grid Corporation of China. In the adjustment stage, a mathematical model is developed under a range of economic variables, climatic conditions, holiday periods, important social events, and other drivers, aiming at correcting prediction results in the first stage and improving prediction precision. Extensive experimental study shows that the proposed method can greatly improve the forecasting accuracy of electricity demand consumption in the next 12 months to some extent. The average mean absolute percentage error for the proposed method is approximately 2.56% in the forecasting over the period 2016. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Impact of biometric measurement error on identification of small‐ and large‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses
Authors: Wright D. , Wright A. , Smith E. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesFirst, to obtain measurement‐error models for biometric measurements of fetal abdominal circumference (AC), head circumference (HC) and femur length (FL), and, second, to examine the impact of biometric measurement error on sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) and its effect on the prediction of small‐ (SGA) and large‐ (LGA) for‐gestational‐age fetuses with EFW < 10th and > 90th percentile, respectively.MethodsMeasurement error standard deviations for fetal AC, HC and FL were obtained from a previous large study on fetal biometry utilizing a standardized measurement protocol and both qualitative and quantitative quality‐control monitoring. Typical combinations of AC, HC and FL that gave EFW on the 10th and 90th percentiles were determined. A Monte‐Carlo simulation study was carried out to examine the effect of measurement error on the classification of fetuses as having EFW above or below the 10th and 90th percentiles.ResultsErrors were assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution with a mean of 0 mm and SDs, obtained from a previous well‐conducted study, of 6.93 mm for AC, 5.15 mm for HC and 1.38 mm for FL. Assuming errors according to such distributions, when the 10th and 90th percentiles are used to screen for SGA and LGA fetuses, respectively, the detection rates would be 78.0% at false‐positive rates of 4.7%. If the cut‐offs were relaxed to the 30th and 70th percentiles, the detection rates would increase to 98.2%, but at false‐positive rates of 24.2%. Assuming half of the spread in the error distribution, using the 10th and 90th percentiles to screen for SGA and LGA fetuses, respectively, the detection rates would be 86.6% at false‐positive rates of 2.3%. If the cut‐offs were relaxed to the 15th and 85th percentiles, respectively, the detection rates would increase to 97.0% and the false‐positive rates would increase to 6.3%.ConclusionsMeasurement error in fetal biometry causes substantial error in EFW, resulting in misclassification of SGA and LGA fetuses. The extent to which improvement can be achieved through effective quality assurance remains to be seen but, as a first step, it is important for practitioners to understand how biometric measurement error impacts the prediction of SGA and LGA fetuses. © 2019 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Characterizing the settleability of grit particles
Authors: Plana Queralt , Pauléat Aurélien , Gadbois Alain , Lessard Paul , Vanrolleghem Peter A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGrit chambers are installed at the headworks of a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) to reduce the impact of grit particles to the equipment and processes downstream. This settling process should thus be designed and operated in an efficient way. Despite the importance of knowing settling characteristics for design and operation of grit chambers, previous grit definitions have been based only on particle size characteristics, and not on settling velocities. Thus, this study presents an evaluation of the performance of two promising settling velocity characterization methods, ViCAs and elutriation, to characterize wastewater particles in view of the design and the optimization of the efficiency of the grit removal unit.Practitioner points

Settling characteristics are the governing parameter for grit chamber design. Since grit particles are vastly heterogeneous, it is preferred to measure these characteristics directly rather than to estimate them from particle size (and assumptions of density, form factor, …).

More detailed settling information about grit particles can improve grit chamber design and estimation of removal performance.

Adapted ViCAs and elutriation methods for faster settling particles allow studying the particle settling characteristics in a grit chamber. These methods are simple, fast, and cheap and only require small wastewater samples.

A relationship was found between the influent TSS concentration and the location of the PSVD curve, with higher TSS concentrations corresponding to higher settling velocities.

It was demonstrated that the dynamics of the wastewater characteristics under dry, wet, and snowmelt weather conditions influence grit settling characteristics.
What is the switch for coupling transcription and splicing? RNA Polymerase II C‐terminal domain phosphorylation, phase separation and beyond
Authors: Maita Hiroshi , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C‐terminal domain (Pol II CTD) has important roles in the kinetic coupling of splicing with transcription, which is essential for many genes to maintain correct splicing patterns. However, because of the extensively repeated low complexity sequences of Pol II CTD, it was unclear how phosphorylation‐dependent molecular interactions were able to provide sufficient specificity to spatiotemporally partition various cotranscriptional events. Here we try to view the molecular mechanisms governing cotranscriptional splicing from the role of phase separation based on recent studies showing the ability of Pol II CTD to form droplets.This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
Fermentation of plant-based milk alternatives for improved flavour and nutritional value
Authors: Tangyu Muzi , Muller Jeroen , Bolten Christoph J. , Wittmann Christoph 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNon-dairy milk alternatives (or milk analogues) are water extracts of plants and have become increasingly popular for human nutrition. Over the years, the global market for these products has become a multi-billion dollar business and will reach a value of approximately 26 billion USD within the next 5 years. Moreover, many consumers demand plant-based milk alternatives for sustainability, health-related, lifestyle and dietary reasons, resulting in an abundance of products based on nuts, seeds or beans. Unfortunately, plant-based milk alternatives are often nutritionally unbalanced, and their flavour profiles limit their acceptance. With the goal of producing more valuable and tasty products, fermentation can help to the improve sensory profiles, nutritional properties, texture and microbial safety of plant-based milk alternatives so that the amendment with additional ingredients, often perceived as artificial, can be avoided. To date, plant-based milk fermentation mainly uses mono-cultures of microbes, such as lactic acid bacteria, bacilli and yeasts, for this purpose. More recently, new concepts have proposed mixed-culture fermentations with two or more microbial species. These approaches promise synergistic effects to enhance the fermentation process and improve the quality of the final products. Here, we review the plant-based milk market, including nutritional, sensory and manufacturing aspects. In addition, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art fermentation of plant materials using mono- and mixed-cultures. Due to the rapid progress in this field, we can expect well-balanced and naturally fermented plant-based milk alternatives in the coming years.
Twenty‐Three‐Hour‐Stay Colectomy Without Increased Readmissions: An Analysis of 1905 Cases from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Saadat Lily V. , Mahvi David A. , Jolissaint Joshua S. , Gabriel Rodney A. , Urman Richard , Gold Jason S. , Whang Edward E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIsolated case series from highly specialized centers suggest the feasibility of a 23‐h hospital stay after colectomy. We sought to determine preoperative variables associated with discharge within 23 h after colectomy to identify patients best suited for a short‐stay model.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons NSQIP Colectomy‐Targeted database was used to identify patients who underwent elective colectomy from 2012 to 2017. All cases with missing length of stay or inpatient death were excluded. Patients with a postoperative hospital stay ≤1 day were identified. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with early discharge.ResultsA total of 1905 patients were discharged within 23 h after surgery (1.6%). These patients were noted to be younger (59 versus 61 years, p < 0.001) and less likely to have insulin‐dependent diabetes (3.0 versus 4.4%, p < 0.001), preoperative dyspnea (2.2 versus 6.0%, p < 0.001), COPD (3.0 versus 4.2%, p = 0.011), and hypertension (40.7 versus 46.9%, p < 0.001) than patients who stayed longer. Shorter operative time (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.985–0.987, p < 0.001), minimally invasive techniques (OR 2.969, 95% CI 2.686–3.282, p < 0.001), lack of ostomy (OR 0.614, 95% CI 0.478–0.788, p < 0.001), and lack of ureteral stenting (OR 0.641, 95% CI 0.500–0.821, p < 0.001) were associated with early discharge in multivariable analysis. There was no increased incidence of readmission in patients discharged within 23 h.ConclusionsTwenty‐three‐hour‐stay colectomy is feasible on a national level and does not result in an increased incidence of readmission. Patients undergoing elective procedures without significant medical comorbidities may be eligible for early discharge. Preoperative factors may be used to select patients best suited for this short‐stay model.
Is Local Resection of Anal Canal Tumors Feasible with Transanal Endoscopic Surgery?
Authors: Serra‐Aracil Xavier , Campos‐Serra Andrea , Mora‐López Laura , Serra‐Pla Sheila , Pallisera‐Lloveras Anna , Flores‐Clotet Roser , Zárate‐Pinedo Alba , Navarro‐Soto Salvador 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn important drawback of local surgery for lesions in the anal canal is the difficulty of achieving en bloc full‐thickness resections. The aim of this study is to evaluate TEM/TEO in lesions of this type from the point of view of morbidity, mortality and the quality of the pathology specimen.MethodsThis is an observational study with prospective data collection from June 2004 to July 2018. Two groups are defined: group A (rectal tumors with proximal margin between 0 and ≤4 cm from anal verge) and group B (distal margin > 4 cm from anal verge). A technical description is provided; resections and postoperative complications in both groups are compared.ResultsDuring the study period, 757 patients underwent TEM/TEO. Finally, 692 patients were included, 192 patients in group A and 500 patients in group B. An en bloc surgical specimen was obtained in 176/192 patients (91.7%), although the defect was completely sutured in 132 (68.8%). In the comparative analysis, group A did not present significantly greater fragmentation of the resected piece [16/192 (8.3%) vs. 36/500 (7.2%), p = 0.630], although group A was associated with greater involvement of the surgical margin [28/192 (14.6%), 32/500 (6.4%), p = 0.001] and clinically relevant morbidity [16/192 (8.3%), 20/500 (4%), p = 0.034]. There was no mortality.ConclusionsThe use of TEM/TEO to remove lesions originating in the anal canal is feasible. But we have to take into account that there is an increase in complications, technical difficulties and affected margins resection.
The Mangled Extremity Severity Score Fails to be a Good Predictor for Secondary Limb Amputation After Trauma with Vascular Injury in Central Europe
Authors: Hohenberger Gloria Maria , Konstantiniuk Peter , Cambiaso‐Daniel Janos , Matzi Veronika , Schwarz Angelika Maria , Lumenta David Benjamin , Cohnert Tina Ulrike 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) was constructed as an objective quantification criterion for limb trauma. A MESS of or greater than 7 was proposed as a cut‐off point for primary limb amputation. Opinions concerning the predictive value of the MESS vary broadly in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the MESS in a contemporary civilian Central European cohort.MethodsAll patients treated for extremity injuries with arterial reconstruction at two centres between January 2005 and December 2014 were assessed. The MESS and the amputation rate were determined.ResultsSeventy‐one patients met the inclusion criteria and could be evaluated for trauma mechanism and injury patterns. The mean MESS was 4.97 (CI 4.4–5.6). Seventy‐three per cent of all patients (52/71) had a MESS < 7 and 27% (19/71) of ≥7. Eight patients (11%) underwent secondary amputation. Patients with a MESS ≥ 7 showed a higher, but statistically not significant secondary amputation rate (21.1%; 4/19) than those with a MESS < 7 (7.7%; 4/52; p = 0.20). The area under the ROC curve was 0.57 (95% CI 0.41; 0.73).ConclusionsBased on these results, the MESS appears to be an inappropriate predictor for amputation in civilian settings in Central Europe possibly due to therapeutic advances in the treatment of orthopaedic, vascular, neurologic and soft‐tissue traumas.
Lower carbohydrate and higher fat intakes are associated with higher hemoglobin A1c: findings from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008–2016
Authors: Churuangsuk Chaitong , Lean Michael E.J. , Combet Emilie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Evidence of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (LCHF) for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) prevention is scarce. We investigated how carbohydrate intake relates to HbA1c and T2DM prevalence in a nationally representative survey dataset.

Methods
We analyzed dietary information (4-day food diaries) from 3234 individuals aged ≥ 16 years, in eight waves of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008–2016). We calculated LCHF scores (0–20, higher score indicating lower %food energy from carbohydrate, with reciprocal higher contribution from fat) and UK Dietary Reference Value (DRV) scores (0–16, based on UK dietary recommendations). Associations between macronutrients and diet scores and diabetes prevalence were analyzed (in the whole sample) using multivariate logistic regression. Among those without diabetes, analyses between exposures and %HbA1c (continuous) were analyzed using multivariate linear regression. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, smoking status, total energy intake, socioeconomic status and survey years.

Results
In the overall study sample, 194 (6.0%) had diabetes. Mean intake was 48.0%E for carbohydrates, and 34.9%E for total fat. Every 5%E decrease in carbohydrate, and every 5%E increase in fat, was associated with 12% (95% CI 0.78–0.99; P = 0.03) and 17% (95% CI 1.02–1.33; P = 0.02) higher odds of diabetes, respectively. Each two-point increase in LCHF score is related to 8% (95% CI 1.02–1.14; P = 0.006) higher odds of diabetes, while there was no evidence for association between DRV score and diabetes. Among the participants without diagnosed diabetes (n = 3130), every 5%E decrease in carbohydrate was associated with higher %HbA1c by + 0.016% (95% CI 0.004–0.029; P = 0.012), whereas every 5%E increase in fat was associated with higher %HbA1c by + 0.029% (95% CI 0.015–0.043; P < 0.001). Each two-point increase in LCHF score is related to higher %HbA1c by + 0.010% (0.1 mmol/mol), while each two-point increase in the DRV score is related to lower %HbA1c by − 0.023% (0.23 mmol/mol).

Conclusions
Lower carbohydrate and higher fat intakes were associated with higher HbA1c and greater odds of having diabetes. These data do not support low(er) carbohydrate diets for diabetes prevention.
Greater activity, better range of motion and higher quality of life following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a comparative case–control study
Authors: Hauer Georg , Sadoghi Patrick , Bernhardt Gerwin A. , Wolf Matthias , Ruckenstuhl Paul , Fink Andrea , Leithner Andreas , Gruber Gerald 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to provide a matched cohort comparison of clinical and functional outcome scores, range of motion and quality of life following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The hypothesis was that patients receiving UKA report better results than comparable patients who receive conventional TKA.MethodsClinical and functional results of 35 patients with medial end-stage osteoarthritis who had received a fixed-bearing UKA were compared with the results of 35 matched patients who had received a TKA from the same manufacturer by the same surgeon. Outcome scores were measured before surgery and at final follow-up using Tegner Activity Scale (TAS), range of motion (ROM) and Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). The Knee Society Score (KSS) was assessed at final follow-up. The mean observation period was 2.3 years in both groups.ResultsThe preoperative knee scores had no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Postoperatively, however, UKAs performed significantly better regarding TAS and ROM (4 vs. 3 and 118.4 vs. 103.7, respectively). The results of the SF-36 showed significantly better results for the UKA group in the mental component summary score and in the subscale of social function.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that UKA is associated with higher activity level, higher quality of life, and greater ROM when compared with TKA on comparable patients. Prolonged clinical follow-up in a larger patient cohort with a randomised-controlled study design would be beneficial to confirm these findings.Level of evidenceIII.
Novel markers in pediatric-type follicular lymphoma
Authors: Agostinelli Claudio , Akarca Ayse U , Ramsay Alan , Rizvi Hasan , Rodriguez-Justo Manuel , Pomplun Sabine , Proctor Ian , Sabattini Elena , Linch David , Daw Stephen , Pittaluga Stefania , Pileri Stefano A , Jaffe Elaine S , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Marafioti Teresa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to review the histopathological, phenotypic, and molecular characteristics of pediatric-type follicular lymphoma (PTFL) and to assess the diagnostic value of novel immunohistochemical markers in distinguishing PTFL from follicular hyperplasia (FH). A total of 13 nodal PTFLs were investigated using immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and PCR and were compared with a further 20 reactive lymph nodes showing FH. Morphologically, PTFL cases exhibited a follicular growth pattern with irregular lymphoid follicles in which the germinal centers were composed of numerous blastoid cells showing a starry-sky appearance. Immunohistochemistry highlighted preserved CD10 (13/13) and BCL6 (13/13) staining, CD20 (13/13) positivity, a K light chain predominance (7/13), and partial BCL2 expression in 6/13 cases (using antibodies 124, E17, and SP66). The germinal center (GC)–associated markers stathmin and LLT-1 were positive in most of the cases (12/13 and 12/13, respectively). Interestingly, FOXP-1 was uniformly positive in PTFL (12/13 cases) in contrast to reactive GCs in FH, where only a few isolated positive cells were observed. FISH revealed no evidence ofBCL2,BCL6, orMYCrearrangements in the examined cases. By PCR, clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements were detected in 100% of the tested PTFL cases. Our study confirmed the unique morphological and immunophenotypic features of PTFL and suggests that FOXP-1 can represent a novel useful diagnostic marker in the differential diagnosis between PTFL and FH.