bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les dictionnaires dans l’apprentissage du fle en pologne : état des lieux
Authors: Grabowska Monika 
Published: March 2020

USE OF DICTIONARIES IN TEACHING FRENCH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN POLAND: BASELINE STUDY The paper focuses on the use of the dictionaries in the context of French as a foreign language in Poland. We assume, according to the Common European Framework and some other theoretical studies, that a dictionary is not only a learning tool but also a text which implies strategies of use. Consequently we consider that the learners should be provided with full-fledged dictionary skills which would make them able to explore the totality of linguistic and cultural richness of a dictionary. Unfortunately, we can prove that the use of dictionaries particularly the monolingual ones is not frequently integrated as a didactic goal in the French handbooks. Eventually, the analysis of 133 students’ surveys highlights some of the shortcomings and deficiencies in their practice of monoligual dictionaries. Their linguistic biographies emphasize the need of teaching advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of dictionaries and the special features of their micro- and macrostructure.
Vers un dictionnaire bilingue d’adjectifs qualificatifs du FLE
Authors: Wang Xinxia 
Published: March 2020

TOWARDS A BILINGUAL DICTIONARY OF QUALIFICATIVE ADJECTIVES FOR TEACHING FRENCH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE The paper aims to think about developing a dictionary of the usual adjectives of French. This support tool for expression in French as a foreign language will focus on the semantic, syntactic, actantial and combinatorial information which usually causes the most problems in the use of adjectives. All this information will be provided in a systematic way by using some concepts of Meaning-Text Theory: lexical function, semantic derivation, semantic actant and syntactic actant, plan scheme, and so on.
Zużyta kategoria uczestnictwa? Między polską tradycją humanistyczną a perspektywą performatywną
Authors: Matysek-Imielińska Magdalena 
Published: March 2020

A Worn-out Category of Participation? Between Polish Humanistic Tradition and a Performative PerspectiveIn the field of Polish humanist studies, the category of “participation in culture” has been broadly examined. Nowadays there are more frequent voices announcing “the end of participation culture”, and that it is ahighly exploited research category. Instead, the academics underline the dynamic character of changes in modern culture and the necessity to attract attention to its “active” aspect, underlining the self-agency of subjects. Thus in the area of culture studies, we observe an interest in performative perspective.In Polish humanist studies Isearch for such participation concepts, which go beyond the field related to arts establishing relation work of art — recipient and activist engagement indicating f.i. resistance, or social movements. Iam particularly interested in theoretical proposals, related to the category of everyday life, social and cultural practices, or even the category of praxis. While recalling this category Iinquire, whether performative perspective can be inspiring and helpful for redefining and modernizing the category of participation in culture.
Польша в русскоязычной фантастике: „чужой” cреди „своих”
Authors: Legeza Segey 
Published: March 2020

Poland in Russian-language fantastic fiction: The “other” among usThe article is devoted to the reception of the “Polish” in the Russian-language fiction. It indicates the sources of “background knowledge” of Poland from the authors and readers. The article deals with of images of Poland from the Soviet era to the present. Here are presented the schemes of work with the Polish material in the Soviet and post-Soviet fiction. Among them are: 1 the use of the Slavic and Polish material to provide the reader with a distance; 2 the use of “Polishness” as a mirror for self-examination of Russian culture; 3 the game with the Polish in the context of revenge models in the alternative stories Poland as an “internal” and “external” enemy.
Gdzie kończy się literatura? Głos Pana i Golem XIV — Stanisława Lema „resztki po powieści”
Authors: Brzostek Dariusz 
Published: March 2020

Where the literature ends? His Master’s Voice and Golem XIV — Stanisław Lem’s “relics of a novel”The paper discusses the literary works of Polish science fiction writer — Stanisław Lem, particulary two of his late novels: His Master’s Voice 1968 and Golem XIV 1981. The essay focuses on the relics of a novel in these non-narrative works, including the lectures of an artificial intelligence Golem XIV and scientific essays on the first contact between humans and alien life form His Master’s Voice. A subject of the paper is the psychoanalysis of the creative process and the reading of the relics of a novel such as a description as a pattern of development or a found-manuscript device in terms of Lacanian theory of the symptom and the theory of jouissance of the speaking subject parlêtre.
Między wzniosłością a upodleniem. Obrazowanie oraz znaczenie śmierci w fantasy przygodowej i mitopoetyckiej
Authors: Płoszaj Joanna 
Published: March 2020

Literary images and functions of death in sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasyThis article presents and compares methods of description of death in two primary variants of fantasy literature: sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasy. The focus is on works of the precursors of fantasy literature — Robert E. Howard Conan the Barbarian series and John R.R. Tolkien The Lord of the Rings, Silmarillion, and texts of authors who creatively developed two primary types of fantasy literature — Fritz Leiber Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser cycle and Ursula K. Le Guin Earthsea cycle.The analysis is divided into two parts. The first one describes methods of presentation of death and their functions in sword and sorcery literature. In this variant of fantasy many literary images of death can be found, which focus particularly on its biological aspects. The next part shows analogical elements in mythopoeic fantasy, where the descriptions of death are inspired by the medieval chansons de geste.The article shows important differences between methods of presenting of death in sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasy and between functions of death in this two primary types of fantasy literature. In sword and sorcery the descriptions of death have great importance in the adventure plot structure, because they are connected with activities and adventures of the main character. In mythopoeic fantasy the kind of a character’s death often shows moral condition of this character. Moreover, death in mythopoeic fantasy is important for the balance and stability of created world.
O wyższości teraźniejszości nad przeszłością — albo na odwrót. Retoryczne sposoby hiperbolizacji medialnej dwu kategorii
Authors: Pelc Patrycja 
Published: March 2020

Superiority of the present on the past — or the other way round. Rhetorical methods of media hyperbolizing of the two categories The aim of the paper is alinguistic analysis of the future — present opposition employed by the opinion-forming weeklies in Poland: Newsweek Polska, Wprost, Polityka. The article presents ways of describing the temporal relation in the context of creating extraordinariness. The opposition is represented by the group of rhetorical tools argumentum a comparatione, argumentum a contrario, locus nomen, locus ad fontes leading to hyperbolizing the message.
Od czarów nad kołyską do magii językowej usieciowionej matki — ciągłość i zmienność charakteru magii języka matek
Authors: Legomska Julia 
Published: March 2020

From spells over the cradle to linguistic magic of a networked mother — continuity and change of the nature of mothers’ language magic The essay draws attention to the fact that, since the old days, in the case of frustration connected with the child mothers have reached out for words, they have used words to affect both internal, psychic reality and the external one. Magical acts by means of language are based on the world image shared by the sender and the recipient. Polish folk culture positively valued phenomena referring to Polish Catholic symbols, therefore these symbols constitute protective and benevolent powers evoked in folk lullabies. The author suggests looking at contemporary linguistic activities performed by mothers frustrated with staying with the child, which activities are presented in the analysed website magazine Bachor as activities which also make use of the language magic. According to the author, the difference lies in changing the cultural context of linguistic behaviour and associating them in particular with the defining technology. In contemporary mediatised society the power of “obligatory existence”, which was characteristic of magical speech activities, supports and intensifies the equation of media by recipients. Therefore, the author sees Bachor as the act of blocking the language of success which makes room only for parents who are “effective” and affirm positive feelings by introducing into reality — by means of words, words in media — incapable, frustrated parents who are full of negative feelings. The subject is discussed in adescriptive and not in an evaluative way.
O kilku innowacyjnych sposobach językowego ujęcia relacji homo–animal w mowie współczesnych miłośników zwierząt
Authors: Wysocka Aneta 
Published: March 2020

A few innovative ways of speaking about homo-animal relationships by contemporary animal loversThe study concerns the communication habits of animal lovers, considered against the background of the linguistic picture of the world, which is generally anthropocentric. The research material are comments posted on hobby websites. The analyses allowed the author to observe the active, reflective and critical attitude of many representatives of the community towards linguistic conventions. Its members attempt a dialogue with the tradition by using innovative expressions of people in relation to animals and animals in relation to people, new ways on naming the process of teaching the animal, as well as its death. However, the texts that speak of the latter case revealed the same need, which had a profound impact on the image of living beings in general Polish language — the imperative to distinguish between what is considered to be specifically human and that which is common throughout nature.
Sprawa Trynkiewicza a ustawa o nadzorze nad groźnymi przestępcami — na marginesie rozważań o karze śmierci
Authors: Debita Magdalena 
Published: March 2020

The Trynkiewicz case and legislation on the supervision of dangerous offenders in connection with considerations on capital punishmentThe overall objective of this article is to present issues related to capital punishment. The paper presents selected international legal instruments on this issue. Thearticle focuses on historic Polish legislation concerning jurisdiction and the use of capital punishment. The subject of capital punishment in criminal law has long been acontentious issue. Capital punishment, its effectiveness, its reliability vis-à-vis rehabilitation and its substitution by another penalty, is analysed herein. In Poland, capital punishment has not been applied since 1988. The last death sentence was carried out in 1979, capital punishment having been removed by the legislature from the Criminal Code in 1997. When considering this issue, it is worthwhile to refer to some statistical data: 1 96 countries have abolished capital punishment in respect of all crimes; 2 9 countries have abolished capital punishment for all crimes, with the exception of offences committed in time of war; 3 34 countries have expunged capital punishment from their penal codes or have ceased to apply it, in practice, within the last decade; 4 139 states have either not included capital punishment in their regulations or have not used capital punishment; 5 58 countries still maintain capital punishment in their legislation; 6 in China, capital punishment may be imposed for 55 types of crime; 7 in 2010, at least 17,833 people were living under sentence of death.
Działanie na własny rachunek a pojęcie działalności gospodarczej
Authors: Kopystyński Konrad 
Published: March 2020

Celem artykułu jest analiza okoliczności wykonywania działalności gospodarczej na własny rachunek w kontekście przesłanek definiujących działalność gospodarczą w rozumieniu ustawy — Prawo przedsiębiorców. Wykonywanie działalności gospodarczej na własny rachunek nie jest wprost wymienione jako jedna z przesłanek działalności gospodarczej. Jak jednak wskazuje się często w doktrynie, wynika ona z innej przesłanki, mianowicie wykonywania działalności gospodarczej we własnym imieniu. Autor w treści artykułu polemizuje z tym poglądem. Dokonuje porównania kolejnych historycznych definicji działalności gospodarczej i przedsiębiorcy pod kątem występowania w nich pojęć wykonywania działalności we własnym imieniu i na własny rachunek. Następnie analizuje obydwa pojęcia w zakresie ich występowania w przepisach innych ustaw oraz przedstawia prezentowane w piśmiennictwie definicje działania we własnym imieniu i na własny rachunek. W rezultacie wskazuje, że należy rozróżniać pojęcia wykonywania działalności gospodarczej we własnym imieniu i na własny rachunek. Dochodzi do wniosku, że działanie na własny rachunek nie powinno być co prawda uznawane za przesłankę działalności gospodarczej, w praktyce jednak cechuje każdą działalność gospodarczą, wykazując daleko idące powiązania z przesłanką zarobkowego charakteru działalności gospodarczej. Acting on one’s own account and a legal definition of economic activityThe subject of this article is an analysis of performing economic activity on one’s own account in the context of premises of economic activity within the meaning of the entrepreneurs law. Performing economic activity on one’s own account is not literally indicated as one of the premises of economic activity. In doctrine, it is often emphasized that performing economic activity on one’s own account results from one of the legal premises, that is, performing economic activity one one’s own behalf. The author of the article discusses that opinion. He compares historical definitions of economic activity and of an entrepreneur which were included in successive laws within the scope of the presence of concepts related to performing economic activity on one’s own account or on one’s own behalf. Subsequently, the author analyzes both legal concepts in the scope of their presence in different laws and he introduces definitions of performing on one’s own account and on one’s own behalf that are present in the literature. In conclusions, he indicates that it is necessary to distinguish between performing an economic activity on one’s own behalf and on one’s own account. He concludes the performing an economic activity on one’s own account should not be considered as a legal premise of economic activity. However, in practice it is characteristic of all economic activities and it is related to the commercial character which is one of the legal premises of economic activity.
Uchwały antysmogowe a prawa konsumenta
Authors: Krawczyk Jakub 
Published: March 2020

Uchwały antysmogowe, których możliwość podejmowania przewiduje art. 96 ustawy — Prawo ochrony środowiska, stały się ostatnimi czasy jednym z najpoważniejszych narzędzi ochrony powietrza w Polsce. Dzięki nim sejmiki województw zyskały możliwość regulowania eksploatacji instalacji, w których następuje spalanie paliw. Na ten problem można spojrzeć także od strony prawa ochrony konsumentów, jako że bez wątpienia za takowych należy uznać adresatów wspominanych uchwał, a więc członków wspólnot regionalnych, mieszkańców województw, którzy wszakże dokonują zakupu paliw i instalacji. W niniejszym opracowaniu na przykładzie kilku podjętych już przez sejmiki województw uchwał antysmogowych zostanie ukazany ich ewentualny wpływ na praktyki konsumenckie. Anti-smog resolutions and the consumer protection lawAnti-smog resolutions, established by the Environment Protection Law, have become one of the most important tools of air quality protection in Poland. The voivodeship councils have gained the competence to regulate the exploitation of installations in which the fuels are combusted. This very problem can be analyzed as a consumer protection law issue as the addressees of resolutions are undoubtedly consumers buying the fuels. The elaboration of the issue provides the examination of some of the resolutions already enacted and their influence on consumers practices.
Campaigning on Facebook: Posts and online social networking as campaign tools in the 2017 general elections in the Republic of Kosovo
Authors: Gërguri Dren 
Published: March 2020

The 2017 general elections in Kosovo are the first to be considered for the high use of Facebook by political parties. Kosovo has nearly 1 million Facebook users, and this is one reason that has pushed all political parties, without distinction, to include Facebook in their electoral strategies. The paper analyses the use of Facebook by political parties in the 2017 general election and deals with the adaptation of Kosovar political parties with this new form of political communication and their popularity on Facebook. Data were collected during the campaign using the software R. In the fourth age of political communication, the web 2.0 has changed political campaigns and the flow of information now is more dynamic than in the past. The paper presents the flow of information/messages through Facebook, with politicians connecting directly with citizens, bypassing traditional media. Through a quantitative content analysis of the seven parties’ Facebook pages, it is analysed how they used Facebook as a campaigning tool and based on the findings, the mobilisation function was the dominant one.
Wpływ koloru przekazu na jego percepcję
Authors: Kilijańska Barbara 
Published: March 2020

An impact of colour of the content on the perceptionThe main idea behind the paper is to find an answer to the question about an impact of colours in advertisements on their reception. This article focused on colour wheel schemes and rules for colour selection in design. Theories of Sir Isaak Newton’s and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s are mentioned here. An important part of the article is Colour emotions guide with particular reference to cultural differences in colour connotations. The last subsection of the paper refers to rules for combining colours.
Medialny obraz terroryzmu — projekt badania i wyniki badań pilotażowych
Authors: Lachowska Karolina 
Published: March 2020

The media image of terrorism — a study design and results of pilot studiesThe article presents a concept of a study focusing on the mediatisation of terrorism. The author seeks to capture how the media construct define terrorism; she looks the selection of events which the media consider to be acts of terror as well as ways of hierarchising them. On this basis she attempts to reconstruct the media image of terrorism and terrorists. Her analysis begins with Niklas Luhmann’s concept of mass media, according to which in contemporary mediatised societies the media are the basic source of information about the world. They represent and construct particularly those areas of life we cannot reach directly. In the study the author used techniques and methods applied in corpus research and making it possible to analyse key words appearing in media materials concerning terrorism as well as lexemes used to describe the notions of “terrorist” and “terrorism”.
Doświadczenia uczestnictwa w mediach społecznościowych osób konsekrowanych
Authors: Borkowski Igor 
Published: March 2020

The consecrated persons’ experiences of participating in social mediaThe paper is an analysis of data collected during the author’s research into the consecratedpersons’ experiences relating to participation in social media. The author seeks to answer questions concerning the motives behind activity in social media, opinions about the effectiveness of the message, expectations and real effects of communication. The subjects are primarily members of male and female monastic orders and congregations as well as diocesan priests of the Catholic Church. The data analysis is complemented by a broader.
Prawa mniejszości seksualnych w Polsce
Authors: Majka-Rostek Dorota 
Published: March 2020

Sexual minorities’ rights in PolandThe article covers actions of Polish LGBT movement and the situation of non-heterosexual people in Polish society. These issues are put in a context of problematics of civil rights, part of which sexual rights are. The introduction to the article serves as a short presentation of the concept of sexual citizenship. Afterwards, the history of LGBT activists’ organisational work in Poland is outlined, here presented as a fight for three fundamental rights: right to form registered partner­ships, right to thorough education and right to protection against discrimination and hate speech. For over 25 years those demands remain intact, since none of these rights has been guaranteed to sexual minorities yet.
Paradoks Greya. O normatywnych/nienormatywnych wzorcach kobiecej seksualności
Authors: Czajkowski Paweł , Niedopytalska Paulina 
Published: March 2020

The paradox of Grey. On normative/non-normative patterns of female sexualityFifty Shades of Grey — there was much attention devoted to the books, then films and still is. This situation is due to the alleged revolutionary role of this work in discovering and transformation of feminine sexuality. The purpose of this article is to explain how the phenomenon of Grey turned out to be a marketing phenomenon and a social paradox. The „revolutionary” role of these pop-culture products has been limited to abolishing the taboos of feminine sexuality. However, it does not cor­relate with the real sexual emancipation of women who seem to desire a man’s domination in the erotic realm.
„Pracuje w korytarzu, pisze po ścianach, a kąpiel bierze wśród kwiatów“, czyli obrazy mieszkań konsumentów w przekazie magazynów wnętrzarskich
Authors: Biskupska Kamila 
Published: March 2020

She works in the corridor, writes on the walls and takes a bath among flowers”, or images of consumer homes in the discourse of interior design magazines The article presents the requirements of a consumer society towards the living space of ideal consumers. The subject of the analysis are discursive constructions of apartments at the level of text and image present in the message of interior design magazines. Apartments defined in this way are referred to as aesthetic apartments. The main themes of the analysis conducted by the author are: the narrative of the message, the presentation of hosts as perfect consumers, indicators of “proper” consumption that are present in the living space and the process of individualization of consumer life in the created living space.