bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indoor tanning exposure in association with multiple primary melanoma
Authors: Karapetyan Lilit , Yang Xi , Wang Hong , Sander Cindy A. , Moyer Ashley , Wilson Melissa , Karunamurthy Arivarasan , Kirkwood John M. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPatients with primary cutaneous melanoma are at increased risk for subsequent new primary melanomas. Indoor tanning is a recognized risk factor for melanoma. This study was aimed at determining the association between indoor tanning and the occurrence of multiple primary melanoma.MethodsThis was a retrospective case‐control study of cases with multiple primary melanoma and sex‐matched controls with single primary melanoma retrieved at a 1:2 ratio from the Biological Sample and Nevus Bank of the Melanoma Center of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between multiple primary melanoma and risk factors.ResultsIn total, 330 patients (39.1% men) with a median age of 51 years were enrolled. Compared with patients who had a single primary melanoma, patients with multiple melanomas were younger at the diagnosis of their first primary melanoma and were more likely to be discovered at stage 0 or I and to have had indoor tanning exposure, a family history of melanoma, atypical moles, dysplastic nevi, and a Breslow thickness less than 1 mm. Compared with patients' first melanomas, subsequent melanomas were more likely to be thinner or in situ. The estimated probability of the locus for the second primary being the same as that for the first primary melanoma was 34%. In a multivariate analysis after adjustments for age, a family history of melanoma, the presence of atypical and dysplastic nevi, and recreational sun exposure, indoor tanning remained significantly associated with the occurrence of multiple primary melanoma (odds ratio, 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.07‐7.08; P = .0356).ConclusionsIndoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of second primary melanoma. Subsequent melanomas are more likely to be thin or in situ and to occur in different anatomic locations.
Early plaque formation on PTFE membranes with expanded or dense surface structures applied in the oral cavity of human volunteers
Authors: Turri Alberto , Čirgić Emina , Shah Furqan A. , Hoffman Maria , Omar Omar , Dahlin Christer , Trobos Margarita 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis clinical randomized study aimed to evaluate the early plaque formation on nonresorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes having either a dense (d‐PTFE) or an expanded (e‐PTFE) microstructure and exposed to the oral cavity.Material and MethodsTwelve individuals were enrolled in this study. In a split‐mouth design, five test membranes (e‐PTFE) with a dual‐layer configuration and five control membranes (d‐PTFE) were bonded on the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth of each subject. All study subjects refrained from toothbrushing during the study period. Specimens were detached from the teeth at 4 and 24 hr and subjected to viability counting, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Plaque samples were harvested from neighboring teeth at baseline, 4, and 24 hr, as control. Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied.ResultsNo bond failure of the membranes was reported. Between the early and late time points, viable bacterial counts increased on all membranes, with no difference between the test and control. The number ofStaphylococcusspp. decreased on the tooth surfaces and increased on both membranes overtime, with a significant difference compared to teeth. The total biomass and average biofilm thickness of live and dead cells were significantly greater at the d‐PTFE barriers after 4 hr.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the e‐PTFE membrane was associated with a lesser degree of biofilm accumulation during the initial exposure compared to the d‐PTFE membrane. The present experimental setup provides a valuable toolbox to study thein vivobehavior of different membranes used in guided bone regeneration (GBR).
A study of amplitude‐to‐phase noise conversion in planar oscillators
Authors: Djurhuus Torsten , Krozer Viktor 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis paper explores the many interesting implications for oscillator design, with optimized phase‐noise performance, deriving from a newly proposed model based on the concept of oscillator conjugacy. For the case of 2‐D (planar) oscillators, the model prominently predicts that only circuits producing a perfectly symmetric steady‐state can have zero amplitude‐to‐phase (AM‐PM) noise conversion, a so‐called zero‐state. Simulations on standard industry oscillator circuits verify all model predictions and, however, also show that these circuit classes cannot attain zero‐states except in special limit‐cases which are not practically relevant. Guided by the newly acquired design rules, we describe the synthesis of a novel 2‐D reduced‐order LC oscillator circuit which achieves several zero‐states while operating at realistic output power levels. The potential future application of this developed theoretical framework for implementation of numerical algorithms aimed at optimizing oscillator phase‐noise performance is briefly discussed.
Inhibition of interleukin‐1β signalling promotes atherosclerotic lesion remodelling in mice with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Dragoljevic Dragana , Lee Man Kit Sam , Louis Cynthia , Shihata Waled , Kraakman Michael J , Hansen Jacinta , Masters Seth L , Hanaoka Beatriz Y , Nagareddy Prabhakara R , Lancaster Graeme I , Wicks Ian P , Murphy Andrew J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA), an inflammatory joint disorder, independently increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). IL‐1β contributes to both RA and CVD. We hypothesised that inhibiting IL‐1 signalling with the IL‐1R antagonist, anakinra, would dampen inflammation and promote resolution of atherosclerosis in arthritic mice.MethodsLow‐density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)‐deficient mice were fed a Western‐type diet for 14 weeks to develop atherosclerotic plaques. Mice were then switched to a chow diet, promoting lesion regression, and randomised to a control group or into groups where arthritis was induced by passive transfer of K/BxN arthritogenic serum. The arthritic mice were further randomised to vehicle or anakinra.ResultsArthritis impaired atherosclerotic lesion regression when cholesterol was lowered. This was associated with a higher burden of plaque macrophages, likely due to monocytosis, driven by myelopoiesis in the bone marrow and spleen. Interestingly, delayed intervention with anakinra had no effect on arthritis in these mice. However, a significant improvement in atherosclerotic plaque remodelling to a more stable phenotype was observed. This was associated with fewer circulating monocytes, caused by a reduction in splenic extramedullary myelopoiesis.ConclusionWe show that inhibiting IL‐1 signalling in arthritic mice with pre‐existing atherosclerosis promotes lesion remodelling to a more stable phenotype, that is less likely to rupture and cause ischemic events such as myocardial infarction. This suggests that IL‐1R antagonism may suppress CVD complications in patients with RA. Furthermore, inhibiting IL‐1β signalling in other patients with inflammatory diseases that also predispose to CVD may also benefit from anti‐IL‐1 therapy.
Long noncoding RNA lncGALM increases risk of liver metastasis in gallbladder cancer through facilitating N‐cadherin and IL‐1β‐dependent liver arrest and tumor extravasation
Authors: Li Huaifeng , Hu Yunping , Jin Yunpeng , Zhu Yidi , Hao Yajuan , Liu Fatao , Yang Yang , Li Guoqiang , Song Xiaoling , Ye Yuanyuan , Xiang Shanshan , Gao Yuan , Zhu Jinhui , Zhang Yijian , Jiang Lin , Huang Wen , Zhu Jian , Wu Xiangsong , Liu Yingbin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) represent significant factors of the mammalian transcriptome that mediates varied biological and pathological processes. The liver is the most common site for gallbladder cancer (GBC) distant metastasis and contributes to the majority of GBC‐related death. How lncRNA affects GBC metastasis is not completely understood.ResultsA novel lncRNA termed lncGALM (lncRNA in GBC associated with liver metastasis) was discovered to be highly expressed in cancer patients and xenografted tumors with liver metastasis. Elevated lncGALM in GBC patients also correlated to decreased survival. Invasion and migration of GBC cells were enhanced through lncGALM, both in vitro and in vivo. lncGALM functioned as sponges by competitively binding to and inactivating miR‐200 family members, which increase epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐associated transcription factor ZEB1 and ZEB2, leading to a fibroblastic phenotype and increased expression of N‐cadherin. In addition, lncGALM bound to IL‐1β mRNA and stabilized the IL‐1β gene that mediates liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSECs) apoptosis. lncGALM‐expressing LiM2‐NOZ cells acquired a strong ability to migrate and adhere to LSECs, promoting LSECs apoptosis and therefore facilitating tumor cell extravasation and dissemination.ConclusionslncGALM promotes GBC liver metastasis by facilitating GBC cell migration, invasion, liver arrest, and extravasation via the invasion‐metastasis cascade. Targeting lncGALM may be protective against the development of liver metastasis in GBC patients.
Associations of prenatal maternal stress with measures of cognition in 7.5‐month‐old infants
Authors: Merced‐Nieves Francheska M. , Dzwilewski Kelsey L. C. , Aguiar Andrea , Lin Jue , Schantz Susan L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies have shown that prenatal stress can negatively impact neurodevelopment, but little is known about its effect on early cognitive development. We assessed the impact of prenatal stress on cognition in 152 7.5‐month‐old infants using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), maternal telomere length (MTL), and a Stressful Life Events (SLE) Scale. A visual recognition memory task consisting of nine blocks, each with one familiarization trial (two identical stimuli) followed by two test trials (one familiar stimulus, one novel), was administered. Outcomes assessed included: average time looking at stimuli (measure: processing speed), time to reach looking time criterion (measure: attention), and the proportion of time looking at the novel stimulus (measure: recognition memory). We examined the association of each stress measure with each outcome adjusted for infant age and sex, which of the two stimuli in each set was novel, household income, and maternal age, education, and IQ. Higher prenatal stress was associated with shorter looking durations [PSS (β = −1.6, 95% CI: −2.5, −0.58); SLE (β = 0.58, 95% CI: −0.08, 1.24); MTL (β = 1.81, 95% CI: 0.18, 3.44)] and longer time to reach criterion [PSS (β = 9.1, 95% CI: 1.6, 16.6); SLE (β = 12.2, 95% CI: 1.9, 24.1); MTL (β = −23.1, 95% CI: −45.3, −0.9)], suggesting that higher prenatal stress is associated with decreased visual attention in infancy.
Bringing tendon biology to heel: Leveraging mechanisms of tendon development, healing, and regeneration to advance therapeutic strategies
Authors: Tsai Stephanie L. , Nödl Marie‐Therese , Galloway Jenna L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTendons are specialized matrix‐rich connective tissues that transmit forces from muscle to bone and are essential for movement. As tissues that frequently transfer large mechanical loads, tendons are commonly injured in patients of all ages. Following injury, mammalian tendons heal poorly through a slow process that forms disorganized fibrotic scar tissue with inferior biomechanical function. Current treatments are limited and patients can be left with a weaker tendon that is likely to rerupture and an increased chance of developing degenerative conditions. More effective, alternative treatments are needed. However, our current understanding of tendon biology remains limited. Here, we emphasize why expanding our knowledge of tendon development, healing, and regeneration is imperative for advancing tendon regenerative medicine. We provide a comprehensive review of the current mechanisms governing tendon development and healing and further highlight recent work in regenerative tendon models including the neonatal mouse and zebrafish. Importantly, we discuss how present and future discoveries can be applied to both augment current treatments and design novel strategies to treat tendon injuries.
A cell‐centric view of lung alveologenesis
Authors: Vila Ellis Lisandra , Chen Jichao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLung alveologenesis, formation of the alveolar region, allows sufficient gas exchange surface to be packed inside the chest cavity yet with orderly connection to the trachea. The real‐life alveolar region, however, bears little resemblance to idealized cartoons owing to its three‐dimensional nature, nonuniform shape, and mostly air‐filled void. This morphological complexity is matched by its cellular complexity—comprised of intermixed and often tangled cells of the epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial, and immune lineages. Modern imaging, genetics, and genomics are shedding light on and updating traditional views of alveologenesis. Accordingly, this review describes a cell‐centric 3‐phase definition of alveologenesis and discusses its failure in diseases and possible reactivation during regeneration.
Integrating environmental justice into applied ecology research: Somebody else’s problem?
Authors: Bowser Gillian , Cid Carmen R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnvironmental injustice can be expressed through lack of access to resources, unequal exposure to toxins, and limited access to knowledge about the unsustainable environmental practices that impact communities (Bullard 2018). The ecological processes that contribute to the “perfect storm” of conditions that create environmental injustices are well documented in applied ecology scholarship; yet the human dimension or the co‐production of research on those impacts seem to fall into the range of “somebody else’s problem.” In a literature review of the last 15 years of research published in the Ecological Society of America’s family of journals, we explored the intersections of environmental processes and social justice issues, searching for themes, gaps, and opportunities. The resultant is a collection of articles on environmental justice topics that includes issues on access to resources and unequal exposure to environmental hazards and pollutants. This collection highlights gaps in the integration of natural science with social justice topics along with the need for stronger integration of interdisciplinary knowledge that is co‐produced with community stakeholders and researchers to build a robust interdisciplinary field of climate justice and global environmental sustainability.
Biventricular pacemaker and defibrillator implantation in patients with chronic heart failure in China
Authors: Huang Dejia , Hua Wei , Fang Quan , Yan Ji , Su Yangang , Liu Bing , Xu Yuanning , Peng Yong ,   POSCD‐China Investigators
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aims to investigate the current status of biventricular pacemaker and defibrillator implantation in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with indications for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in China and the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)‐pacemaker (P) and CRT‐defibrillator (D) implantation on the clinical prognosis of CHF among patients undergoing CRT.Methods and resultsOverall, 798 consecutive patients who had devices implanted (implantable cardioverter defibrillator: 199, CRT‐D: 362, and CRT‐P: 237) from May 2012 to July 2013 in POSCD‐China, a multicentric prospective cohort study, were enrolled. The primary endpoint was all‐cause death, and the secondary endpoint was SCD. In total, 71.3% of patients had non‐ischaemic CHF. The mean follow‐up time was 27.7 ± 12.0 months, and death occurred in 158 cases, with 35 cases of SCD. CHF was the main cause of death (68.4%), followed by sudden death (22.2%). In the CRT‐P group, the SCD rate was 8.0%, which was much higher than that in the CRT‐D (3.3%) and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (2.0%) groups. No significant differences were identified in the all‐cause death rate between the CRT‐D and CRT‐P groups (CRT‐D vs. CRT‐P, 20.4% vs. 19.4%, P = 0.840).ConclusionsIn China, among CHF patients with indications for primary prevention of SCD who received device implantation, non‐ischaemic CHF was the main aetiology, and the most important cause of death was heart failure. No differences in all‐cause death were observed between the CRT‐D and CRT‐P groups, but the CRT‐D group had a lower SCD rate than the CRT‐P group.
Sensory and pain modulation profiles of ongoing central neuropathic extremity pain in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Srotova Iva , Kocica Jan , Vollert Jan , Kolcava Jan , Hulova Monika , Jarkovsky Jiří , Dusek Ladislav , Bednarik Josef , Vlckova Eva 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCentral neuropathic extremity pain (CNEP) is the most frequent type of pain in multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate sensory and pain modulation profiles in MS patients with CNEP.MethodsIn a single‐centre observational study, a group of 56 CNEP MS patients was compared with 63 pain‐free MS patients and with a sex‐ and age‐adjusted control group. Standardized quantitative sensory testing (QST) and dynamic QST (dQST) protocols comprising temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation tests were used to compare sensory profiles.ResultsLoss‐type QST abnormalities in both thermal and mechanical QST modalities prevailed in both MS subgroups and correlated significantly with higher degree of disability expressed as Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Comparison of sensory phenotypes disclosed a higher frequency of the ‘sensory loss’ prototypic sensory phenotype in the CNEP subgroup (30%) compared with pain‐free MS patients (6%; p = .003).ConclusionThe role of aging process and higher lesion load in the spinothalamocortical pathway might be possible explanation for pain development in this particular ‘deafferentation’ subtype of central neuropathic pain in MS. We were unable to support the role of central sensitization or endogenous facilitatory and inhibitory mechanisms in the development of CNEP in MS.SignificanceThis article presents higher prevalence of the ‘sensory loss’ prototypic sensory phenotype in multiple sclerosis patients with central extremity neuropathic pain compared to pain‐free patients. Higher degree of disability underlines the possible role of higher lesion load in the somatosensory pathways in this particular ‘deafferentation’ type of central neuropathic pain.
A novel method of high‐purity extracellular vesicle enrichment from microliter‐scale human serum for proteomic analysis
Authors: Ji Xiaohui , Huang Sisi , Zhang Jie , Bruce Terri F. , Tan Zhijing , Wang Donglin , Zhu Jianhui , Marcus R. Kenneth , Lubman David M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe have developed a rapid, low‐cost, and simple separation strategy to separate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a small amount of serum (i.e.,<100 μL) with minimal contamination by serum proteins and lipoprotein particles to meet the high purity requirement for EV proteome analysis. EVs were separated by a novel polyester capillary channel polymer (PET C‐CP) fiber phase/hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) method which is rapid and can process small size samples. The collected EV fractions were subjected to a post‐column cleanup protocol using a centrifugal filter to perform buffer exchange and eliminate potential coeluting non‐EV proteins while minimizing EV sample loss. Downstream characterization demonstrated that our current strategy can separate EVs with the anticipated exosome‐like particle size distribution and high yield (∼1 × 1011EV particles per mL of serum) in approximately 15 min. Proteome profiling of the EVs reveals that a group of genuine EV components were identified that have significantly less high‐abundance blood proteins and lipoprotein particle contamination in comparison to traditional separation methods. The use of this methodology appears to address the major challenges facing EV separation for proteomics analysis. In addition, the EV post‐column cleanup protocol proposed in the current work has the potential to be combined with other separation methods, such as ultracentrifugation (UC), to further purify the separated EV samples.
Mixed Lagrangian formalism for dynamic analysis of self‐centering systems
Authors: Marzok Ameer , Lavan Oren 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents two models for the analysis of self‐centering concentrically braced frames (SC‐CBFs) with multiple rocking sections. Both models are developed within the mixed Lagrangian formalism (MLF). For these models, MLF leads to a quadratic optimization problem at each time step where the internal forces at the end of the time step are the design variables. The first model is more general and explicitly models the truss elements. The second model is simplified and utilizes a macromodel. This model is easier to implement for initial designs, optimization, and parametric studies. For the purpose of formulating the simplified model, a new rotational contact element is developed and added to the MLF to describe the behavior of the rocking sections. Both models are compared to results obtained using the finite‐element method. Although the comparison shows a good agreement, MLF is shown to allow much larger time increments for convergence. This considerably reduces the computational effort and central processing unit time. The simplified model is extended for three‐dimensional analysis of SC‐CBFs. This shows that the proposed models can be easily extended using relatively simple transformation matrices.
Empirical nonergodic shaking scenarios based on spatial correlation models: An application to central Italy
Authors: Sgobba Sara , Lanzano Giovanni , Pacor Francesca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper provides a new methodological framework to generate empirical ground shaking scenarios, designed for engineering applications and civil protection planning. The methodology is useful both to reconstruct the ground motion pattern of past events and to generate future shaking scenarios, in regions where strong‐motion datasets from multiple events and multiple stations are available. The proposed methodology combines (1) an ad‐hoc nonergodic ground motion model (GMM) with (2) a spatial correlation model for the source region‐, site‐, and path‐systematic residual terms, and (3) a model of the remaining aleatory error to take into account for directivity effects. The associated variability is a function of the type of scenario generated (bedrock or site, past or future event) and it is minimal for source areas where several events have occurred and for sites where recordings are available. In order to develop the region‐specific fully nonergodic GMM and to compute robust estimation of the residual terms, the approach is calibrated on a highly dense dataset compiled for the area of central Italy. Example tests demonstrate the validity of the approach, which allows to simulate acceleration response spectra at unsampled sites, as well as to capture peculiar physical features of ground motion patterns in the region. The proposed approach could be usefully adopted for data‐driven simulations of ground shaking maps, as alternative or complementary tool to physic‐based and stochastic‐based approaches.