bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, inflammatory and microbiological outcomes of full‐mouth scaling with adjunctive glycine powder air‐polishing: A randomized trial
Authors: Zhang Wenyi , Wang Wei , Chu Cunchao , Jing Jin , Yao Nengliang (Aaron) , Sun Qinfeng , Li Shu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the effects of glycine powder air‐polishing (GPAP) as an adjunct to full‐mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) on clinical, inflammatory and microbiological outcomes in patients with untreated periodontitis.Materials and MethodsForty‐one patients were randomly assigned to the control group A (SRP) and test groups B1 (subgingival GPAP right after SRP) and B2 (subgingival GPAP right before SRP). Clinical examinations and sample collections (saliva, subgingival plaque, serum and gingival crevicular fluid) were performed at assessment visits and before therapies at clinical visits of baseline, 6‐week and 3‐month. C‐reactive protein, IL‐6 and TNF‐α were assessed in serum and gingival crevicular fluid, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum were measured in saliva and subgingival plaque.ResultsPatients in control and test groups did not significantly differ by age, sex and disease severity at baseline. Participants in control and intervention groups had similar improvements in clinical parameters (PD, BOP, PLI and BI). All groups had a similar percentage of sites showing PD reduction of ≥2 mm between baseline and follow‐up visits, with a few exceptions. Reduced C‐reactive protein, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in serum were found after treatments.ConclusionFull‐mouth SRP with and without GPAP resulted in largely similar clinical, inflammatory and microbiological outcomes in the care of untreated periodontitis.
Comparison of marginal and internal fit of pressed lithium disilicate veneers fabricated via a manual waxing technique versus a 3D printed technique
Authors: Guachetá Lizeth , Stevens Clinton D. , Tamayo Cardona Julián A. , Murgueitio Rafael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal and internal fit of pressed lithium disilicate veneers fabricated from a 3D printed castable wax resin versus a manual waxing technique.Materials and MethodsA typodont model central incisor was prepared for a porcelain veneer. Following stone model fabrication from a polyvinyl siloxane impression, the model was digitized using a laboratory scanner. Group 1 veneers were designed digitally and 3D printed with a castable wax resin, then pressed. Group 2 veneers were fabricated using a manual wax and press approach. Veneers from both groups were bonded to printed dies. Following measurements of marginal adaptation under a stereo microscope, the dies were sectioned and measurements were made for internal adaption. Statistical analysis included a Kolmogorov test and a Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsAverage marginal gap (μm) for Group 1 was 40.37 ± 11.75 and 50.63 ± 16.99 for Group 2 (p = 0.51). Average internal gap (μm) for Group 1 was 61.21 ± 18.20 and 68.03 ± 14.07 for Group 2 (p = 0.178).ConclusionThere was no difference in marginal fit or internal fit between pressed lithium disilicate veneers fabricated with a 3D printed castable resin and those fabricated with a manual waxing technique. The use of digital technologies and 3D printing provide significant advantages in the fabrication of pressed glass ceramic veneers, with marginal and internal adaptation comparable to manual wax and press techniques.
Feasibility of the constipation point‐of‐care ultrasound educational program in observing fecal retention in the colorectum: A descriptive study
Authors: Matsumoto Masaru , Yoshida Mikako , Miura Yuka , Sato Naoko , Okawa Yohei , Yamada Masako , Otaki Junji , Nakagami Gojiro , Sugama Junko , Okada Shingo , Ohta Hideki , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimNurses have difficulty assessing the type of constipation by ordinal assessment methods and may therefore struggle to select an appropriate defecation care. Although previous studies described the safety and effectiveness of defecation care based on ultrasonographic observations in the colorectum, no standardized educational program has been established. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of the constipation point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) educational program regarding the use of ultrasonography as an assessment tool to determine different types of constipation.MethodsThis descriptive study was conducted for visiting nurses working in Japan. The constipation POCUS educational program that nurses can learn in as short as 7 days comprised four elements: E‐learning, a hands‐on seminar, self‐learning, and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). The nurses were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the education materials. OSCEs were used to assess the participants' skills in assessing patients based on the use of ultrasound observation in the colorectum.ResultsOf the 44 participants who enrolled, 40 were able to complete the program. All the 40 participants (100.0%) who took the OSCEs were able to pass at the first attempt. Moreover, 94.9% of the trainees indicated that this program was able to cover the content necessary to use ultrasonography in home care settings.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the 7‐day constipation POCUS educational program provided trainees with a foundational knowledge and skills to observe fecal retention in the colorectum. Thus, further educational program enhancements and clinical skill evaluations are needed to maximize the program's effectiveness in the future.
The use of the community of inquiry survey in blended learning pedagogy for a clinical skill‐based module
Authors: Siah Chiew‐Jiat , Lim Fui‐Ping , Lau Siew‐Tiang , Tam Wilson 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAim and ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the blended learning pedagogy in a clinical skill‐based module using the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework. The secondary objectives were to assess the effectiveness of blended learning in improving the nursing knowledge, and students' satisfaction with this approach.BackgroundBlended learning is increasingly adopted in education as more online resources are made available for tutors to use for the benefit of their students. That implied a reduction in the face‐to‐face contact time in replacement for online teaching, which therefore warrants a need to examine the effectiveness of blended learning approach. The application of CoI framework could evaluate the blended learning approach to assist teaching faculty with evidence‐based practices on online teaching.DesignThis study used the quasi‐experimental, pretest–posttest design, and results were presented according to the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomised Designs (TREND) guidelines.MethodsThis study was conducted in a university and recruited 219 Year 1 nursing students who completed a clinical‐based module.ResultsThe results of the CoI survey found that teaching presence scored the highest mean, followed by cognitive and social presence. The design of the blended learning was effective in enhancing students' knowledge but they only expressed a moderate level of satisfaction.ConclusionsBlended learning is a feasible pedagogical strategy for a clinical skill‐based module. However, further investigation is required to explore the factors and strategies which could improve students' satisfaction.Relevance to clinical practiceBlended learning has become one of the contemporary trends in education. Refining teaching strategies may meet the learning needs of today's generation and improve students' learning outcomes.
Mapping diversity and demographic‐based changes to a pediatric population attending a specialist tertiary hospital: a retrospective review
Authors: Sheppard‐Law Suzanne , Cruickshank Marilyn , Debono Deborah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to describe the demographic characteristics and to measure annual changes in composition of the paediatric population attending a specialist tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia, between 2015 and 2017.BackgroundAustralia has experienced steady growth in the number of people born overseas in the last fifty years thereby building a culturally and linguistically rich country. Such dynamic population changes pose a challenge to the nursing workforce, in particular how the needs of migrant families from non‐English‐speaking countries are accommodated.DesignRetrospective review of medical records.MethodsDe‐identified paediatric inpatient data were imported from a hospital database into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 21) database for cleaning and analysis. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology checklist was completed.ResultsPaediatric inpatients born in a country other than Australia (8762, 5.7%) emigrated from 155 countries or were “born at Sea” (n = 13, 0.1%) and spoke an array of primary languages (n = 139), other than English. Whilst inpatient health service rates remained constant during the study period, an increased rate of service utilisation was reported for children born in Asia (IRR 1.3, p ≤ 0.001, 95% CI: 1.2–1.4) and in the Middle East (IRR 1.4, p ≤ 0.001, 95% CI: 1.2–1.6). Families who reported that they preferred to speak Chinese Languages, Middle Eastern languages (not Arabic) and languages of India reported increased rates.ConclusionSignificant annual changes in composition of the paediatric population were reported. Regular analysis of local inpatient data will inform health care that is responsive to change and addresses the unique needs of diverse families.Relevance to clinical practiceDiversity poses a potential challenge to the nursing workforce on a daily basis and more broadly. To meet the changing needs of diverse inpatient populations, nurses will need to plan, implement and evaluate cultural competency, linguistic access, workforce diversity and the quality of care to diverse populations.
Understandings of and experiences with evidence‐based practice in practice among nurses in a surgical department: A constructivist approach
Authors: Halberg Nina , Assafi Lone , Nørholm Vibeke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo explore nurses’ constructions of the concept of evidence‐based practice through their understandings of and experiences with evidence‐based practice in a clinical care setting.BackgroundThe primary purpose of evidence‐based practice is high‐quality patient outcomes. However, the adoption of evidence‐based practice is described as a complex process, and research shows that evidence‐based practice is not translated into practice. Research often explores facilitators and barriers of implementing and adopting evidence‐based practice. Yet there is limited knowledge on how nurses construct the concept in practice.DesignThis study has a constructivist approach and follows COREQ guidelines.MethodTen semi‐structured interviews with 26 nurses were conducted in 2019. Data were analysed with an emic and inductive approach.ResultsThree key constructions emerged. Understandings of evidence‐based practice were based on the original concept of evidence‐based medicine. This included the hierarchy of evidence which was perceived as an inflexible concept not encompassing the nursing care. However, while not using the term evidence‐based practice, the nurses were doing evidence‐based practice portrayed through outcomes from management‐supported nursing‐based projects and incorporated reflections and discussions into weekly meetings. A discrepancy between a theoretical understanding and a practical doing of evidence‐based practice appeared and was especially evident when the nurses’ primary evidence sources consisted of the immediate options, for example asking colleagues or following accessible guidelines. Searching for evidence was central in their theoretical understanding but not an incorporated part of their daily work tasks.ConclusionThe nurses’ constructions of evidence‐based practice indicate a discrepancy between the theoretical understanding of evidence‐based practice and the practical doing of evidence‐based practice, which hinders the basis of working according to the concept.Relevance to clinical practiceTheoretical discussions of evidence‐based practice within the nursing field remain academic, as nurses in practice construct the concept on standards from evidence‐based medicine.
THE (NON‐)SIGNIFICANCE OF REPORTING ERRORS IN ECONOMICS: EVIDENCE FROM THREE TOP JOURNALS
Authors: Pütz Peter , Bruns Stephan B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigate the prevalence and sources of reporting errors in 30,993 hypothesis tests from 370 articles in three top economics journals. We define reporting errors as inconsistencies between reported significance levels by means of eye‐catchers and calculated‐values based on reported statistical values, such as coefficients and standard errors. While 35.8% of the articles contain at least one reporting error, only 1.3% of the investigated hypothesis tests are afflicted by reporting errors. For strong reporting errors for which either the eye‐catcher or the calculated‐value signals statistical significance but the respective other one does not, the error rate is 0.5% for the investigated hypothesis tests corresponding to 21.6% of the articles having at least one strong reporting error. Our analysis suggests a bias in favor of errors for which eye‐catchers signal statistical significance but calculated‐values do not. Survey responses from the respective authors, replications, and exploratory regression analyses indicate some solutions to mitigate the prevalence of reporting errors in future research.
Pregnancy complicated by refractory severe hypercholanaemia from sodium taurocholate co‐transporting polypeptide deficiency
Authors: Wu Christine , Smet Maria‐Elisabeth , Heath Susan , Curnow Jennifer , Lin Ming‐Wei , George Jacob , Alahakoon Thushari I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSodium taurocholate co‐transporting polypeptide deficiency is a rare metabolic autosomal recessive condition resulting in critically elevated plasma bile acid levels. Hypercholanaemia in similar conditions such as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetric outcomes including stillbirth. We present the first case of Sodium taurocholate co‐transporting polypeptide deficiency in a current pregnancy in a patient with one previous stillbirth in the context of severe hypercholanaemia, where conventional treatments for cholestasis including ursodeoxycholic acid, rifampicin and cholestyramine were ineffective. Therapeutic plasma exchange and novel treatment with elobixibat were trialed with mixed results. The pregnancy resulted in an iatrogenic preterm delivery of a live infant at 32 weeks gestation.
Laparoscopic adenomyomectomy combined with levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system in the treatment of adenomyosis: Feasibility and effectiveness
Authors: Sun Feng , Zhang Ye , You Min , Yang YePing , Yu YingYing , Xu Hong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of laparoscopic adenomyomectomy combined with intraoperative replacement of levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) in the treatment of symptomatic adenomyosis.MethodsThis is a case‐series study in a university medical center. A total of 52 patients with symptomatic adenomyosis were treated by laparoscopic adenomyomectomy combined with intraoperative replacement of LNG‐IUS from January 2015 to July 2018. Visual analog scale, menstrual flow and uterine volume were compared before and after the surgery (3, 12 and 24 months). Meanwhile, LNG‐IUS‐induced adverse reactions (e.g. irregular vaginal bleeding, amenorrhea, expulsion, and perforation) were also recorded.ResultsAll operations were successfully completed via laparoscopy without conversion to laparotomy. No severe complications were noted during the surgical procedure or follow‐up period. The mean postoperative visual analog scale and menstrual flow scores and the volume of the uterus were significantly decreased (all P < 0.001) at 3, 12, and 24 months postoperatively, compared with preoperative scores. The clinical effective rates among the patients with dysmenorrhea were 98%, 96% and 96% at 3, 12 and 24 months after the operation, respectively. And the clinical effectiveness rate of menorrhagia was 97.6%, 95.2% and 95.2% at 3, 12 and 24 months after treatment, respectively. Among all related adverse reactions, amenorrhea was the most common (n = 12, 23.1%). There was one case of LNG‐IUS perforation (1.9%) and two cases of expulsion (3.8%).ConclusionLaparoscopic adenomyomectomy combined with intraoperative replacement of LNG‐IUS is a novel and effective conservative surgical procedure for symptomatic adenomyosis treatment.
Forging a Pure Military Identity: The Rise of Jurchen Heritage in Northeast Asia (15th–17th Century)
Authors: Ru Sung Hee 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProminent studies of the Qing dynasty's military evolution in the field of comparative military history, which is heavily dependent on the binary conception of “West–China,” have failed to present the early military heritage of the dynasty. Unlike previous studies, this paper aims to find a new voice for the early Qing military inheritance, as a reflection of past West–China comparative studies that have continued to discriminate between Western and Chinese military merits and demerits and to ignore the early Qing military approach. By presenting the economic and military interconnections between the Manchu (the Jianzhou Jurchens, the Jianzhou confederation, and Nurhaci), Ming, and Chosŏn, this article reveals that early economic and military development through border trade, tributary trade, and predatory behaviors enabled the Manchus to establish the Later Jin and Qing states. Understanding early Manchu military history helps us put forward an important but less studied military heritage of Qing.
Rheology and tribology of starch + κ‐carrageenan mixtures
Authors: You Kwan‐Mo , Murray Brent S. , Sarkar Anwesha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the rheological and tribological properties of biopolymer mixtures of gelatinized corn starches (0.5 – 10.0 wt%) and κ‐carrageenan (κC) (0.05 – 1.0 wt%). Two different starch samples were used. The first starch (CS1), despite extensive heating and shearing contained “ghost” granules, while the second starch (CS2) had no visible ghost granules after the same gelatinization process as CS1. Apparent viscosity measurements demonstrated that κC + CS1 mixtures were shear thinning liquids, with viscosity values being lower than the corresponding weight average of the values of the individual equilibrium phases at shear rates < 50 s−1. Tribological results revealed that κC ≥ 0.5 wt% was required to observe any decrease in friction coefficients in the mixed lubrication regime. Starch (CS1) showed an unusual behavior at ≥ 5 wt%, where the friction coefficient decreased not only in the mixed regime but also in the boundary regime, probably due to the presence of the “ghost” granules, as the latter became entrained in the contact region. The CS1 + κC mixtures showed significantly lower friction coefficients than that of pure CS1 and κC in the mixed regime. However, the CS2 + κC mixture (i.e., containing no ghost granules) showed similar behavior to pure κC in the mixed regime, while lower friction coefficients than that of the pure CS2 and κC in the boundary regime. These findings illustrate new opportunities for designing biopolymer mixtures with tunable lubrication performance, via optimizing the concentrations of the individual biopolymers and the gelatinization state of the starch.
Interventive Care: Uncertainty, Distributed Agency, and Cesarean Section in a Zika Virus Epidemic
Authors: Williamson K. Eliza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBeginning in 2015, Brazil witnessed the births of thousands of children with neurological abnormalities linked to the Zika virus. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2016 and 2018 with parents of children with congenital Zika syndrome in Salvador da Bahia, this article attends to how one of Brazil's most overused obstetric technologies—cesarean section—was mobilized to mitigate the uncertainties of Zika's reproductive consequences. I argue that during the epidemic, C‐section constituted a form of what I call interventive care, in which others interceded on behalf of pregnant women to secure surgical delivery. In dialogue with scholarship problematizing autonomy in reproductive decision making, I show how my Bahian interlocutors understood such intercessions, and the C‐sections themselves, as forms of appropriate, concerned care. I suggest, furthermore, that interventive care highlights the ways in which reproductive decisions are distributed among people rather than autonomous, particularly in contexts of heightened uncertainty.
Structural damage detection and localization using decision tree ensemble and vibration data
Authors: Mariniello Giulio , Pastore Tommaso , Menna Costantino , Festa Paola , Asprone Domenico 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the capabilities of decision tree ensembles (DTEs) for detecting and localizing damage in structural health monitoring (SHM). Unlike research on many other learning models, the goal of this study is to identify damage with a localization accuracy down to the single structural element, rather than limiting the evaluation to the story scale. The SHM methodology herein discussed, denoted as D2‐DTE, is based on decision trees ensemble and belongs to the class of vibration‐based approaches, being the health assessment of the structure obtained by analyzing dynamic properties of the structural system, namely, mode shapes and natural frequencies. The proposed damage detection method is validated for three different test cases, including both numerical simulations and experimentally recorded data, which consider a wide array of damage configurations, including single and multiple damages; different damage types and severities; and the presence of random noise levels associated with dynamic properties acquisition. The performances of the D2‐DTE are evaluated in terms of accuracy, confidence of probabilistic predictions, and measurements of physical distances in localization errors. Additionally, two of the investigated test cases are based on available benchmarks, thus allowing a direct comparison with a state‐of‐the‐art methodology. This comparative analysis evidences competitive performances of the DTE learning method.
Closing Arguments for the Defence
Authors: Hinton Timothy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHoward Robinson believes, and would have the rest of us believe, that Gareth Moore was the equivalent of an atheist. To which I say, once again: there is not a single good reason to believe that Gareth was any such thing. I begin with a reminder about our duty to think of Gareth as innocent until proven guilty. I then argue that Gareth's insistence that there is no such thing as an invisible person named ‘God’ did not commit him to atheism. I show that people such as Herbert McCabe, whose orthodoxy is unimpeachable, say the same sort of thing. I then demonstrate that Gareth said nothing that would imply that, on his view, ‘God’ is not a referring expression. I end by explaining that Gareth embraced a theory of truth fully consistent with moderate expressivism.