bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifactorial Determinants of Running Injury Locations in 550 Injured Recreational Runners
Authors: HOLLANDER KARSTEN , JOHNSON CALEB D. , OUTERLEYS JEREME , DAVIS IRENE S. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Despite the health benefits of running, the prevalence of running-related injuries (RRI) remains high. The underlying risk factors between these injuries are still not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare biomechanical, anthropometric, and demographic injury risk factors between different locations in injured recreational runners.

Methods
In this retrospective case–control analysis, 550 injured runners (49.6% female) with a medically diagnosed RRI were included. All runners had undergone an instrumented treadmill analysis to determine habitual footstrike pattern, vertical instantaneous load rate, peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and cadence. Injuries were classified by location according to a recent consensus statement. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association between the biomechanical parameters and RRI locations. Because injuries can be associated with age, sex, and body mass index, these variables were also entered into the logistic regression.

Results
Strike pattern and peak vGRF were the only biomechanical variable distinguishing an injury from the group of injuries. A midfoot strike differentiated Achilles tendon injuries (odds ratio [OR], 2.27; 90% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–4.41) and a forefoot strike distinguished posterior lower leg injuries (OR, 2.59; 90% CI, 1.50–4.47) from the rest of the injured group. Peak vGRF was weakly associated with hip injuries (OR, 1.14; 90% CI, 1.05–1.24). Female sex was associated with injuries to the lower leg (OR, 2.65; 90% CI, 1.45–4.87) and hip/groin (OR, 2.22; 90% CI, 1.43–3.45). Male sex was associated with Achilles tendon injuries (OR, 1.923; 90% CI, 1.094–3.378).

Conclusions
Sex, foot strike pattern, and vGRF were the only factors that distinguished specific injury locations from the remaining injury locations.
Analysis of the MUII-plus mentorship programme: reflections of Fellows’ experiences and lessons for other programmes
Authors: Andia Biraro Irene , Driciru Emmanuella , Namaganda Rehema , Luboga Fiona , Kato Drago Charles , Wajja Anne , Okech Brenda , Mboowa Mary Gorrethy N. , Muganyizi Raymond , Kizza Moses , Cose Stephen , Bukirwa Victoria Diana , Nakanjako Damalie , Elliott Alison M. 
Published: August 2020

Background: The MUII mentorship programme began 11 years ago with a successful group mentorship model. Over the years, the programme has evolved and is presently anchored on the “GROW” approach. This model allows individuals to: set Goals (What I want?); Reflect (Where am I now?); think of Options (What can I do?); What to implement (my actions?). It is intended to help fellows (current, honorary, alumni) herein referred to as mentees achieve their short, medium, and long-term research, career and professional goals. Methods: A mixed methods study combining a cross-sectional survey, one focus group discussion and 11 in-depth key informant interviews were carried out between November 2018 and January 2019 to 1) assess the status of the mentorship programme, 2) perform a strength weakness opportunity and threats (SWOT) analysis, and 3) identify factors relevant for sustainability. Results: An open invitation was made to 52 fellows to participate in the survey, and 23 responded. Among respondents, the largest proportions were male [70% (16/23)], and PhD fellows [35% (8/23)]. The respondents rated the fellowship experience as excellent [65% (15/23)], and most [78% (18/23)] revealed they had benefitted greatly from the programme. The SWOT analysis revealed outstanding strengths of having regular fellows’ meetings for peer support, and availability of international collaborations, linkages and exposure. Opportunities identified included large pool of mentees within MUII-plus and evidence of fellows taking up leadership positions. The biggest threat to the mentorship programme was the busy schedule of mentors. Conclusions: The MUII-plus mentorship programme has strong potential to offer research and career mentorship to its fellows. To promote sustainability of the programme, there is a need for innovative ways to engage mentors; such as digital platforms (e-mentorship) for greater mentor-mentee interactions.
Medium-term results of calcaneus lengthening in idiopathic symptomatic flat foot in children and adolescents
Authors: Nejib Khouri , Delpont Marion 
Published: August 2020

Purpose Calcaneus lengthening can be used in symptomatic flat foot in children, but few details on its medium-term results and complementary procedures are available. Methods A total of 20 flexible, symptomatic, idiopathic valgus flat feet (in 15 children; mean age 13.9 years (10 to 17)) were operated on. Complementary procedures were based on preoperative and intraoperative analyses. Radiographic measurements were obtained preoperatively and with at least four years follow-up. Results At a mean of 8.3 years (4 to 15) postoperatively, 13 feet had good clinical and radiological results, with significant improvement in American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot scale scores and radiological measurements. Seven feet had residual pain. Six of them had no osteotomy of the first cuneiform. Conclusion Calcaneus lengthening with adequate complementary musculo-tendinous and/or bone procedures according to preoperative and intraoperative foot deformation leads to good medium-term results. Forefoot supination is the most frequent residual defect. If present intraoperatively, first cuneiform pronation-flexion osteotomy is indicated. Level of evidence IV
Spatial filtering in edge-emitting lasers by intracavity chirped photonic crystals
Authors: Gawali S. , Medina J. , Gailevičius D. , Purlys V. , Garre-Werner G. , Cojocaru C. , Trull J. , Botey M. , Herrero R. , Montiel-Ponsoda J. , Staliunas K. 
Published: August 2020

In this work, we report an experimental and numerical study of the intracavity spatial filtering in edge-emitting lasers using a chirped photonic crystal (PhC) as the filtering element in the near-field domain. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the near-field PhC filtering scheme and compare it to conventional spatial filtering using a variable width slit in the far-field domain. Using a two-dimensional chirped PhC as a spatial filter, we experimentally demonstrate a brightness enhancement by a factor of 1.3, considering an edge-emitting laser with a 1.5 mm cavity length, consistent with a numerical prediction of brightness enhanced by a factor of 1.7. The experimental results are theoretically confirmed by numerical integration of a spatio-temporal model of the edge-emitting laser. Furthermore, numerical results show that brightness can be further increased over a factor of 2, applying optimized spatial-filtering elements at both the front and rear facets of the lasers.
THE EFFECTS OF SOME PESTICIDES ON REEF CORALS
Authors: Lamberts Austin E. 
Published: August 2020

While investigating a reef coral kill in Samoa it was speculated that this might have been due to contamination by some chemical. Subsequently, scleractinian reef corals were tested to assess their reactions to 12 commonly used pesticides and toxic substances. The chlorinated-hydrocarbons such as DDT and Endrin produced stress effects in corals subjected to 2ppm for 24 hours in in-vitro studies although the corals continued to deposit skeletal calcium. In-vivo tank experiments suggested that small amounts of these substances in seawater stimulated the corals to deposit skeletal calcium. Other pesticides were much less toxic to the corals.
SURVIVAL RATE AND GROWTH OF JUVENILE SANDFISH (Holothuria scabra) IN VARIOUS REARING CONDITIONS
Authors: Indriana Lisa Fajar , Firdaus Muhammad , Supono . , Munandar Hendra 
Published: August 2020

Techniques for producing Holothuria scabra or sandfish sea cucumbers from aquaculture have been developed rapidly in the recent years to address the issues of decreasing sandfish population and increasing market demand. During the process of culturing H. scabra, the early stages of sandfish (i.e. larvae and juveniles) are the most critical of the development. Therefore, the Research and Development Division of the Marine Bio Industry – LIPI conducted a study to assess the growth performance of juvenile H. scabra ultured in four different rearing conditions: (i) indoor concrete tank, (ii) indoor fiberglass tank, (iii) outdoor concrete tank with 1 mm hapa mesh, and (iv) outdoor concrete tank with 3 mm hapa mesh. Each of the rearing condition was set with an initial juvenile density of 15 juveniles per tank with a mean initial weight of 14 g, and fed ad libitum with a mixed feed consisting of Enhalus acoroides sea grass, Pennisetum purpureum napier and cow manure. The experiments were conducted for 20 weeks between April 26 - September 23, 2013. After the experimental period, juveniles reared in the outdoor concrete tank with 1 mm mesh show the best performance with respect to their survival rate (48.89 ± 3.85 %),mean final weight (22.07 ± 1.01 g), final biomass (162.05 ± 18.17 g) and specific growth rate (0.15 ± 0.03% per day). Further studies that combine rearing conditions with different bottom substrates as well as investigating the effect of light are needed to optimize the production of H. scabra from aquaculture.
Incidence and Bedside Predictors of the First Episode of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Tapper Elliot B. , Zhao Lilli , Nikirk Samantha , Baki Jad , Parikh Neehar D. , Lok Anna S. , Waljee Akbar K. 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is associated with marked increases in morbidity and mortality for patients with cirrhosis. We aimed to determine the risk of and predictors for HE in contemporary patients.

METHODS:
We prospectively enrolled 294 subjects with Child A-B (70% Child A) cirrhosis and portal hypertension without previous HE from July 2016 to August 2018. The primary outcome was the development of overt HE (grade >2). We assessed the predictive power of model for end-stage liver disease-sodium (MELD-Na) score, the Inhibitory Control Test, the Sickness Impact Profile score, and the Bilirubin–Albumin–Beta-Blocker–Statin score. We also derived a novel predictive model incorporating MELD-Na score, impact of cirrhosis on daily activity (Likert 1–9), frailty (chair-stands per 30 seconds), and health-related quality of life (Short-Form 8, 0–100).

RESULTS:
The cohort's median age was 60 years, 56% were men, and the median MELD-Na score was 9. During a follow-up of 548 ± 281 days, 62 (21%) had incident overt HE with 1-year probability of 14% ± 2%, 10% ± 2%, and 25% ± 5% for Child A and B. The best model for predicting the risk of overt HE included MELD-Na, Short-Form 8, impact on activity rating, and chair-stands within 30 seconds. This model—MELDNa-Actvity-Chairstands-Quality of Life Hepatic Encephalopathy Score—offered an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) for HE development at 12 months of 0.82 compared with 0.55, 0.61, 0.70, and 0.72 for the Inhibitory Control Test, Sickness Impact Profile, Bilirubin–Albumin–Beta-Blocker–Statin, and MELD-Na, respectively. The AUROC for HE-related hospitalization was 0.92.

DISCUSSION:
This study provides the incidence of HE in a well-characterized cohort of contemporary patients. Bedside measures such as activity, quality of life, and physical function accurately stratified the patient's risk for overt HE.
Discurso, argumentación y educación
Authors: Cárdenas Alfonso 
Published: August 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es formular un marco teórico bajtiniano que, a la vez que sustente la argumentación, sirva de base para desarrollar una pedagogía que apoye la enseñanza del pensamiento y la interacción, como procesos pedagógicos del lenguaje. Al final, plantea varias conclusiones que pueden ser útiles para la enseñanza discursiva del lenguaje.
Programa para el curso de posgrado de inglés básico dirigido a los profesionales de la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud Julio Trigo López, de Villa Clara, Cuba
Authors: Cruz Lisvette , Maya Lidia B. , López Eugenio J. , Navarrete María del Carmen 
Published: August 2020

La finalidad de la investigación sobre el programa para el curso de posgrado de inglés básico dirigido a los profesionales de la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud Julio Trigo López, perteneciente a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz, de Villa Clara (Cuba), fue la elaboración de un programa dirigido a potenciar las habilidades comunicativas de los profesionales. Se aplicaron métodos de los niveles teórico y empírico. El programa se elaboró a partir de los referentes teóricos y de los resultados obtenidos del diagnóstico de necesidades y potencialidades de los estudiantes. Se apoya en sustentos filosóficos, psicológicos, pedagógicos, didácticos, sociológicos y lingüísticos, así como en los principios didácticos de la enseñanza por tareas. Se destacan las indicaciones metodológicas que orientan al profesor sobre la planificación y organización de las clases y las tareas, y sobre los aspectos fundamentales del enfoque que deben ser tenidos en cuenta durante el desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Finalmente, se evalúa el programa por criterio de especialistas y se ejemplifica el enfoque por tareas con el primer tema del programa.
Intervención, innovación e investigación. Una relación necesaria para las didácticas
Authors: Camps Anna 
Published: August 2020

El artículo plantea la interrelación entre las prácticas de aula (intervención), la innovación y la investigación. Seargumenta la necesidad de la investigación en didáctica de la lengua inserta en el sistema didáctico, que esdinámico y que, por lo tanto, cambia en el tiempo y depende del contexto. Se plantea, pues, la innovación como adaptación a los nuevos contextos que se generan por los cambios en los sistemas implicados. Los procesosdinámicos de enseñanza y aprendizaje pueden ser objeto de análisis e investigación a distintos niveles: desde laobservación de disfunciones que llevan a cambios en la actuación, hasta el análisis sistemático que dará lugara la elaboración de nuevo conocimiento que podrá ser compartido por la comunidad docente.
Definiciones y discursos sobre el caciquismo en los manuales escolares de Historia de España de segundo de bachillerato
Authors: Inarejos Muñoz Juan Antonio 
Published: August 2020

Este artículo es resultado de la investigación "Ciudadanos, propietarios y electores en la construcción del liberalismo español. El caso de las provincias castellano-manchegas, 1854-1868". En él se analizan las nuevas definiciones y discursos del fenómeno del caciquismo decimonónico y se estudia cómo se ha reflejado en los manuales escolares de Historia de España de segundo de bachillerato. Entretanto se desentrañan los tenues avances realizados en la renovación de los contenidos escolares, generalmente anquilosados en tópicos y lugares comunes, y su rigidez a la hora de incorporar novedades historiográficas procedentes del ámbito universitario
Synthesis and Characterization of Trimethylchlorosilane-Modified Silica Xerogel
Authors: Tanheitafino Sellen , Shofiyani Anis , Sasri Risya , Rudiyansyah Rudiyansyah 
Published: August 2020

Modification of silica xerogel with TMCS (trimethylchlorosilane) reagent has been carried out to improve the hydrophobicity of silica xerogel. Silica xerogel was synthesized based on the sol-gel method using sodium silicate as a precursor, and citric acid as a catalyst, with a mole ratio of sodium silicate and citric acid, was 0.172: 0.004. The sol-gel process was carried out through several stages, i.e., hydrolysis and condensation of sodium silicate to form sol, gelation (sol transition to gel), aging, and drying. Surface modification was performed by studying the effect of TMCS: methanol: petroleum benzine volume ratio of 0.5:1:1, 1:1:1, 1.5:1:1, 2:1:1, and 2.5:1:1 on the characteristics of silica xerogel synthesized. FTIR, SEM, and GSA characterized the synthesized results. The results of FTIR characterization on silica xerogel with volume ratios of 2:1:1 and 2.5:1:1 indicate the presence of the Si‑C group absorption at a wavenumber of 848.68 cm-1 which shows that the formation of silyl groups on the modified silica xerogel surfaces occurs at a TMCS: methanol: petroleum benzine ratio of 2:1:1 and 2.5:1:1. SEM results indicate that the silica xerogels produced are porous. Meanwhile, the GSA analysis results show that the pore size distributions are in the mesoporous region with an average pore radius of 8-13 nm. The greater the volume of TMCS used, the higher the surface area, and the resulting xerogel’s hydrophobicity. Based on the contact angle and seeped time test, the highest hydrophobicity is produced by the material synthesized at a TMCS: methanol: PB volume ratio of 2.5:1:1 with a contact angle of 116.346°.
Survey on Object Tracking using Deep Learning Paradigms
Authors: Alhuzami Saad 
Published: August 2020

The field of object tracking extends across different domains. It is a major key player in the field of image processing and pattern recognition. Object tracking is the process of tracking an object over a continuous sequence of image frames to determine over time the relative movements or changes. With the massive advancements in the field of deep learning, the use of deep neural networks has risen due to their impressive accomplishments in object detection and tracking. In this Survey, the objective is to give a comprehensive overview of the recent attempts in the field of object tracking with a focus on the use of deep learning techniques and algorithms. The paper is divided into four sections; at first, we will give an overview of the recent work to highlight the techniques and methods which have been used in object tracking using deep learning. The second section focus is on the object tracking that uses convolutional networks techniques. The third section focuses on some of the recurrent neural networks to tack objects. The final section is concentrated on auto-encoders object tracking.
Positivity of solutions to the Cauchy problem for linear and semilinear biharmonic heat equations
Authors: Grunau Hans-Christoph , Miyake Nobuhito , Okabe Shinya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the positivity of solutions to the Cauchy problem for linear and nonlinear parabolic equations with the biharmonic operator as fourth order elliptic principal part. Generally, Cauchy problems for parabolic equations of fourth order have no positivity preserving property due to the change of sign of the fundamental solution. One has eventual local positivity for positive initial data, but on short time scales, one will in general have also regions of negativity.
The first goal of this paper is to find sufficient conditions on initial data which ensure the existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the linear biharmonic heat equation which are positive for all times and in the whole space.
The second goal is to apply these results to show existence of globally positive solutions to the Cauchy problem for a semilinear biharmonic parabolic equation.
Influence of Resisted Sled-Pull Training on the Sprint Force-Velocity Profile of Male High-School Athletes
Authors: Cahill Micheál J. , Oliver Jon L. , Cronin John B. , Clark Kenneth , Cross Matt R. , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Lee Jeong E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cahill, MJ, Oliver, JL, Cronin, JB, Clark, K, Cross, MR, Lloyd, RS, and Lee, JE. Influence of resisted sled-pull training on the sprint force-velocity profile of male high-school athletes. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2751–2759, 2020—Although resisted sled towing is a commonly used method of sprint-specific training, little uniformity exists around training guidelines for practitioners. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of unresisted and resisted sled-pull training across multiple loads. Fifty-three male high-school athletes were assigned to an unresisted (n = 12) or 1 of 3 resisted groups: light (n = 15), moderate (n = 14), and heavy (n = 12) corresponding to loads of 44 ± 4 %BM, 89 ± 8 %BM, and 133 ± 12 %BM that caused a 25, 50, and 75% velocity decrement in maximum sprint speed, respectively. All subjects performed 2 sled-pull training sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks. Split times of 5, 10, and 20 m improved across all resisted groups (d = 0.40–1.04, p < 0.01) but did not improve with unresisted sprinting. However, the magnitude of the gains increased most within the heavy group, with the greatest improvement observed over the first 10 m (d ≥ 1.04). Changes in preintervention to postintervention force-velocity profiles were specific to the loading prescribed during training. Specifically, F0 increased most in moderate to heavy groups (d = 1.08–1.19); Vmax significantly decreased in the heavy group but increased in the unresisted group (d = 012–0.44); whereas, Pmax increased across all resisted groups (d = 0.39–1.03). The results of this study suggest that the greatest gains in short distance sprint performance, especially initial acceleration, are achieved using much heavier sled loads than previously studied in young athletes.
Cobertura de mamografía de tamizaje y Plan Decenal para el Control de Cáncer, Colombia 2014
Authors: Aguilera-López Jairo , Lineros-Hurtado Johana A. 
Published: August 2020

Objetivo Estimar la cobertura de mamografías de tamización en Colombia durante el año 2014; así como el rendimiento en horas a emplear por equipo y el número de equipos requeridos, para alcanzar la meta de cobertura del 70% de mamografía de tamización antes del año 2021.Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo para la caracterización de equipos de mamografía existentes en el país. Para ello, se requirió la información del Registro Especial de Prestadores de Salud (REPS) y la información de licencias defuncionamiento de equipos de mamografía tramitados ante los entes territoriales; la información fue procesada, validada y analizada a través de tablas de distribución de frecuencias, en el programa Microsoft Office Excel®.Resultados La estimación de cobertura de mamografía de tamización para el país, con base en el censo de mamógrafos, es de 27.6%; para alcanzar la meta de cobertura de mamografías de tamización del 70% a nivel país, un mamógrafo requiere emplear semanalmente 38.2 horas para tamización, el 56,3% de su tiempo total para mamografías de tamización y adquirir aproximadamente 69 equipos adicionales a los censados en el año 2014. Se muestran marcadas diferencias en estos datos a nivel departamental y regional.Conclusión A nivel país, la estimación de cobertura de mamografía de tamización no es óptima; y se requiere mejorar el rendimiento de los equipos de mamografía, así como adquirir equipos adicionales para algunas regiones, acompañado de estrategias programáticas eficaces en detección temprana de cáncer de mama.
On some problems of rule ordering in Finnish grammar
Authors: Brattico Pauli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFinnishwh-movement exhibits internal roll-up movement with pied-piping and is therefore overtly successive-cyclic. On the other hand, its morphosyntax is nonlocal, suggesting countercyclic behavior. The existence of overtly cyclic computations and nonlocal agreement penetrating nearly every cyclic domain constitutes a near contradiction in this language. A solution is proposed which partially resurrects the notion of d-structure: grammatical operations are cyclic and operate in small phases (as indicated by Finnish successive cyclicwh-movement), but some operations, Agree in particular, access leftover copies of elementsin situand are not restricted by the phase impenetrability condition (PIC). PIC restricts operator/A-bar movement, not morphosyntax.