bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPE Strong: Strengthening Our Core: SPE Staying Strong
Authors: Noonan Shauna 
Published: April 2020

President's column
Today is 22 March, and instead of traveling to meet with passionate SPE members, I am sitting in my dining room, or better known as my new remote office. It has been months of unprecedented stress, sadness, and uncertainty for all of us. Social distancing and learning to live our lives in a more isolated state is the price we must all pay to stay safe. The news cycle seems to change by the minute, and we cannot be sure when our lives will return to normal. An unfortunate side effect of this mandated isolation is that the list of postponed or canceled SPE events has grown, while estimated financial losses continue to mount throughout the industry. No company or organization could have predicted our industry would be facing a viral pandemic, coupled with oil prices at their lowest levels in almost 2 decades. This is a time to put our heads together and come up with a new plan. This is what oil and gas does best.
After adjusting to the last period of lower prices, SPE is now better prepared to serve its members in these challenging times.
“All the adversity I’ve had in my life, all my troubles and obstacles, have strengthened me … You may not realize it when it happens, but a kick in the teeth may be the best thing for you.”—Walt Disney
Like so many other companies, SPE was forced to down-size during the last downturn, and it was a difficult process. For those who served on the SPE Board of Directors during 2015 and 2016, it was painful yet necessary to reduce or eliminate programs that we could not financially justify due to the loss in event revenue. SPE events provide approximately 70% of the total income required for our Society to operate. It was also necessary to lower overhead costs by reducing our number of employees. SPE used this reduction in force to reorganize and streamline divisions, which resulted in greater collaboration and regional offices operating more efficiently. When the industry started to correct itself and event revenue returned, the board of directors remained cautious about spending. Their goal was to put SPE in a position to withstand another downturn, both financially and through the member programs we offer. We must be able to deliver on our mission to collect, disseminate, and exchange technical knowledge concerning the exploration, development, and production of oil and gas resources, and related technologies for the public benefit. We believe we have more tools in place to accomplish this than in our 63-year history.
SPE’s current strategic plan is heavily focused on the continued digital transformation of our publications and programs. Even while we are quarantined in our homes, we are now able to access SPE’s comprehensive content in ways that were not available a few years ago, and that will only continue to improve with projects already underway. We can also quickly provide information to all our members on all the ways they can stay engaged remotely.
Comments: In Just Three Months, Our Industry Changed
Authors: Boschee Pam 
Published: April 2020

Editor's column
It has now been nearly 3 months since the one-two punches of an unprecedented modern-day pandemic and a free fall in oil prices due to the oversupply of oil resulting from a tremendous, sudden drop in demand. The domino effects across the globe continue to evolve in economies, industries, and personal lives.
West Texas Intermediate hovers around $20/bbl (as of mid-April) after starting the year in the $60s: a drop in oil price of two-thirds while global oil demand continues to sputter. The International Energy Agency (IEA) forecast the demand to be down in April by 29 million B/D, a nearly 30% decrease from the world’s daily consumption a year ago of 100 million B/D. It added that demand has not been this low since 1995. The US Energy Information Administration expects global petroleum and liquid fuels demand to decrease by 5.2 million B/D in 2020. As the saying goes, “You do the math.”
The math was done by the world’s operators, oilfield services companies, and related industry players—and the answers in far too many cases resulted in necessary, hard decisions. Furloughs and layoffs were announced early on, and capital expenditures were slashed as much as 30 to 50%. In many cases, companies soon thereafter announced further cuts in personnel and budgets.
An example of a weighty cut was Abu Dhabi National Oil Company’s (ADNOC) termination of two contracts worth $1.65 billion granted to Petrofac for work to be done for the Dalma gas development project located off the north-west coast of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The contracts were awarded in February; in March, ADNOC notified contractors and suppliers it would review existing deals to find ways to reduce costs due to the steep slide in oil prices. On 16 April, the deal was called off.
Petrofac said it is committed to working with ADNOC over the coming weeks to explore “alternative options” for the work.
The oil and gas industry has demonstrated resiliency many times over in its long history, and as it kicks off the first-quarter earnings season, its guidance calls will reveal the plans and actions needed to move forward in the near term.
The uncertainty wrought by the repercussions of the pandemic and supply/demand imbalance has introduced a host of unknown factors beyond anyone’s direct control. But companies can directly control their operations and business practices and will be presenting their full-year 2020 outlook in coordination with the first-quarter results.
Diligence and resilience, based on experience and hard lessons learned, go hand in hand and will guide each company’s best attempts to manage the unique unpredictability it faces today.
E&P Notes (May 2020)
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen , Jacobs Trent 
Published: April 2020

E&P Notes
Offshore Discoveries Continue Even as Shale Slows
Stephen Rassenfoss, JPT Emerging Technology Editor
Four recent offshore discoveries served as a reminder that exploration is migrating offshore in the Western Hemisphere.
The discoveries off Brazil, Suriname, and the US, all in deep water, offered a stark contrast to the fast-contracting US shale business. To be fair, all the wells were spudded before the oil price crash which as forced deep cuts in offshore drilling.
Apache, which has shut down drilling in the Permian Basin, made a second discovery in its 1.4-million-acre block off-shore Suriname, identifying what it said is a geologically distinct area.

Russian Government Buys Venezuelan Assets From Its Own Oil Company
Trent Jacobs, Digital Editor
Rosneft, Russia’s leading oil producer, said it has transferred all its holdings in Venezuela to entities controlled by the Russian state.
The move involves several joint ventures, service companies, producing assets, and key trading units responsible for export operations. Rosneft said in a statement made on 28 March that the nationalization of these assets was warranted to protect its investors.
Upon the announcement, various media reports say that three VLCCs, or very large crude carriers, contracted by Rosneft turned around before reaching Venezuelan export facilities. It is estimated that the vessels would have been loaded with nearly 5.7 million bbl of heavy crude. Venezuela is using oil exports to pay down debts with Russia.

Chevron Hits the Brakes on Permian, Cuts $8 Billion Across Company
As the year began, Chevron said it was on track to produce 1 million BOE/D in the Permian Basin by 2024. Instead, the international major is joining a chorus of other oil producers that are drawing down their growth plans in response to the major market disruptions caused by a Russia-Saudi Arabia price war and an unfolding global pandemic.
Chevron announced on 24 March that it reduced its capital outlay from $20 billion to $16 billion. About $2 billion of the cuts will come from the company’s unconventional programs in Argentina and the US. But a company release said the reductions will “primarily” affect the Permian where it holds about 2.2 million acres.
Machine-Learning Approach Improves Deepwater Facility Uptime
Authors: Feder Judy 
Published: April 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 195875, “Improving Deepwater Facility Uptime Using Machine-Learning Approach,” by Ajay Singh, Sathish Sankaran, SPE, and Sachin Ambre, Anadarko, et al., prepared for the 2019 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Calgary, 30 September–2 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Deepwater oil and gas facilities encounter up to an estimated 5% annual production loss, estimated at billions of dollars, because of unplanned downtime. This paper describes an automated work flow that uses sensor data and machine-learning (ML) algorithms to predict and identify root causes of impending and unplanned shutdown events and provide actionable insights. A systematic application of such a method could prevent unfavorable operational situations in real time using equipment and process sensor data.
Overview
An assessment of the magnitude of deferred production resulting from unplanned shutdown from one of an operator’s deepwater facilities revealed that, overall, 43% of all shutdown events belong to unplanned-but-controllable events. Here, “controllable” means that, if the event is identified ahead of shut-down, mitigation is possible to avoid the shutdown. Fig. 1 provides further classification of unplanned downtime contributed by automation hardware failure, equipment failure, process trips, and production ramp-up.
The existing toolkit and systems in place are not always adequate to identify and predict abnormal events that could lead to unplanned facility shut-down. The interaction among process subsystems and disturbances that propagate across them with changing operating conditions are hard to predict without a fit-for-purpose model (or a digital twin).
Often, engineers and operators visualize key sensor data, and, using their knowledge of process and control strategy, first attempt to identify anomalous process behavior on the basis of alarms received. Topside facilities often have alarms installed with minimum and maximum trip settings. As sensor data approach those trip settings, a pre-alarm is generated and the control-room operator is notified. If the trip involves multiple process variables and if the alarms are not rationalized adequately, the operator may be inundated by alarms, because alarms are designed on each individual sensor and not at system level. With good alarm rationalization philosophy and best practices, alarm flooding can be mitigated, but the multivariate precursors will not always be captured by looking at the sensors one at a time. Additionally, early signs of an impending abnormal event would require analysis of hidden process signals before they manifest themselves as alarms. Therefore, an intelligent advisory system is desired which can:
Ingest numerous sensor data
Generate a single alarm indicating the health of a particular system or piece of equipment
Predict abnormal events that could lead to a shutdown
Potentially provide insight to prevent upcoming shutdown through root-cause analysis
Application of the matched nested case-control design to the secondary analysis of trial data
Authors: Partlett Christopher , Hall Nigel J , Leaf Alison , Juszczak Edmund , Linsell Louise 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background A nested case-control study is an efficient design that can be embedded within an existing cohort study or randomised trial. It has a number of advantages compared to the conventional case-control design, and has the potential to answer important research questions using untapped prospectively collected data. Methods We demonstrate the utility of the matched nested case-control design by applying it to a secondary analysis of the Abnormal Doppler Enteral Prescription Trial. We investigated the role of milk feed type and changes in milk feed type in the development of necrotising enterocolitis in a group of 398 high risk growth-restricted preterm infants. Results Using matching, we were able to generate a comparable sample of controls selected from the same population as the cases. In contrast to the standard case-control design, exposure status was ascertained prior to the outcome event occurring and the comparison between the cases and matched controls could be made at the point at which the event occurred. This enabled us to reliably investigate the temporal relationship between feed type and necrotising enterocolitis. Conclusions A matched nested case-control study can be used to identify credible associations in a secondary analysis of clinical trial data where the exposure of interest was not randomised, and has several advantages over a standard case-control design. This method offers the potential to make reliable inferences in scenarios where it would be unethical or impractical to perform a randomised clinical trial.
A Longitudinal Implementation Evaluation of a Physical Activity Program for Cancer Survivors: LIVESTRONG® at the Y.
Authors: Faro Jamie M , Arem Hannah , Heston Ann-Hilary , Hohman Katherine H , Hodge Heather , Wang Bo , Lemon Stephenie C , Houston Thomas K , Sadasivam Rajani S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Increased physical activity (PA) levels in cancer survivors are associated with decreased risk of recurrence and mortality as well as additional positive health outcomes. PA interventions have shown to be efficacious, though many lack translation to and sustainability in community settings. We used dimensions of the RE-AIM framework to evaluate LIVE STRONG® at the YMCA, a nation-wide community-based PA program for cancer survivors delivered at Ys. Methods: LIVE STRONG at the Y national data compiled by YMCA of the USA and Y Association Program Managers between the years of 2010-2018 was examined. We assessed reach (number of participants), adoption (Associations offering the program), implementation (conducting 3 fidelity checks), setting-level maintenance (Associations recently offering program) and participant-level maintenance (membership conversion rate). We also examined relationships between organizational characteristics (years of program existence and Association area household income), and program implementation factors with member conversion. Results: As of 2018, LIVE STRONG at the Y has reached 62,044 survivors and 245 of the 840 (29.2%) of Y Associations have adopted the program. Among the adopters, 91% were aware of fidelity checks; implementation of Observational (62.3%), Goal-setting (49.9%), and Functional (64.6%) checklists varied. Most (95.1%) adopters reported offering ≥1 LIVE STRONG session per year (setting-level maintenance) and a facility-level mean membership conversion percentage of 46.9±31.2% (participant-level maintenance). Fewer years implementing the program and higher Association area household income were significantly associated with a greater membership conversion rate vs their comparison (all t-test p’s <0.05). In a multiple regression model controlling for organizational characteristics, conducting the fidelity checks (Observational, β=8.41; Goal-setting, β=9.70; and Functional, β=9.61; all p’s <0.01) was positively associated with higher membership conversion rates. Conclusions: LIVE STRONG at the Y, in its early years, has shown promise for high reach, while adoption at more Associations could be facilitated. Implementing fidelity checks along with organizational characteristics were associated with higher participant-level maintenance. Identification of Association-level strategies to increase reach, adoption, implementation and maintenance may increase the impact of this community-based PA program.
Long term outcomes of Burch colposuspension and transobturator tape and single incision needleless (DynaMesh ® - SIS minor) for the surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence patients who underwent combined pelvic reconstructive surgery or hysterectomy
Authors: Akdemir Yesim , Dincer Fadime , Buyukuysal Cagatay , Ozmen Ulku , Harma Muge , Harma Mehmet Ibrahim 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) often require combined pelvic reconstructive surgeries because of shared risk factors of pelvic organ prolapse The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacies of Burch colposuspension, the transobturator tape (TOT), and single-incision needleless (DynaMesh®- SIS minor) procedures in patients with SUI who also underwent combined pelvic reconstructive surgery or hysterectomy. Methods: We performed this prospective cohort study that comprising 142 patients who either underwent Burch colposuspension (n:43), TOT(n:40), or SIS(n:39) procedures along with pelvic reconstructive surgery or hysterectomy between January 2010 and July 2018. During the clinical follow-up, we analyzed the objective and subjective cure rates, improvement rates, along with failure and surgical success rates of SUI surgery. We assessed quality of life and symptom severity by Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7), Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6), Sandvik Severity Index (SSI), Surgical Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ-8), Overactive Bladder Questionnaire V8 (OAB-V8), and Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale scores. The primary outcome was surgical success, which was established when there was an improvement in patients or when the patients achieved objective or subjective cure, whereas secondary outcomes included intraoperative bladder injury, sling extrusion, de novo urgency, voiding dysfunction, length of hospital stay, and patient-reported outcomes in the quality of life questionnaires. Results: Surgical success rates were higher in the Burch group than the SIS group and also higher in the TOT group than in the SIS group (88.4% vs 61.5% and 87.5% vs 61.5% respectively, p=0.003) The complaints of urinary incontinence were higher and quality of life was lower in the SIS group than in the Burch group. In terms of IIQ-7, UDI-6, OAB-V8, SSI, and SSQ-8 scores, no difference was observed between Burch and TOT groups, and TOT and SIS groups.Conclusions: Both Burch and TOT are safe and effective procedures in patients with SUI who require additional pelvic surgeries. Although the surgical outcomes of SIS procedure in patients with SUI who underwent concomitant pelvic surgeries in our study were not promising, further randomized studies are needed to clarify these observations due to unclear data.
Combining abbreviated literature searches with single-reviewer screening: three case studies of rapid reviews
Authors: Affengruber Lisa , Wagner Gernot , Waffenschmidt Siw , Lhachimi Stefan K. , Nussbaumer-Streit Barbara , Thaler Kylie , Griebler Ursula , Klerings Irma , Gartlehner Gerald 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Decision-makers increasingly request rapid answers to clinical or public health questions. To save time, personnel, and financial resources, rapid reviews streamline the methodological steps of the systematic review process. We aimed to explore the validity of a rapid review approach that combines a substantially abbreviated literature search with single-reviewer screening of abstracts and full texts using three case studies. Methods We used a convenience sample of three ongoing Cochrane reviews as reference standards. Two reviews addressed oncological topics and one addressed a public health topic. For each of the three topics, three reviewers screened the literature independently. Our primary outcome was the change in conclusions between the rapid reviews and the respective Cochrane reviews. In case the rapid approach missed studies, we recalculated the meta-analyses for the main outcomes and asked Cochrane review authors if the new body of evidence would change their original conclusion compared with the reference standards. Additionally, we assessed the sensitivity of the rapid review approach compared with the results of the original Cochrane reviews. Results For the two oncological topics (case studies 1 and 2), the three rapid reviews each yielded the same conclusions as the Cochrane reviews. However, the authors would have had less certainty about their conclusion in case study 2. For case study 3, the public health topic, only one of the three rapid reviews led to the same conclusion as the Cochrane review. The other two rapid reviews provided insufficient information for the authors to draw conclusions. Using the rapid review approach, the sensitivity was 100% (3 of 3) for case study 1. For case study 2, the three rapid reviews identified 40% (4 of 10), 50% (5 of 10), and 60% (6 of 10) of the included studies, respectively; for case study 3, the respective numbers were 38% (8 of 21), 43% (9 of 21), and 48% (10 of 21). Conclusions Within the limitations of these case studies, a rapid review approach that combines abbreviated literature searches with single-reviewer screening may be feasible for focused clinical questions. For complex public health topics, sensitivity seems to be insufficient.
Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) and Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS)
Authors: Alster Piotr , Nieciecki Michał , Koziorowski Dariusz , Charzyńska Ingeborga , Królicki Leszek , Friedman Andrzej 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Efficacy of revefenacin, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist for nebulized therapy, in patients with markers of more severe COPD: a post hoc subgroup analysis
Authors: Donohue James F. , Kerwin Edward , Barnes Chris N. , Moran Edmund J. , Haumann Brett , Crater Glenn D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Revefenacin, a once-daily, long-acting muscarinic antagonist delivered via standard jet nebulizer, increased trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in prior phase 3 trials. We evaluated the efficacy of revefenacin in patients with markers of more severe COPD. Methods: A post hoc subgroup analysis of two replicate, randomized, phase 3 trials was conducted over 12 weeks. Endpoints included least squares change from baseline in trough FEV1, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) responders, and transition dyspnea index (TDI) responders at Day 85. This analysis included patient subgroups at high risk for COPD exacerbations and compared patients who received revefenacin 175 μg and placebo: severe and very severe airflow limitation (percent predicted FEV1 30%–<50% and <30%), 2011 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) D, reversibility (≥12% and ≥200 mL increase in FEV1) to short-acting bronchodilators, concurrent use of long-acting β agonists and/or inhaled corticosteroids, older age (>65 and >75 years), and comorbidity risk factors. Results: Revefenacin demonstrated significant improvements in FEV1 versus placebo at Day 85 among the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and all subgroups. Additionally, there was a greater number of SGRQ and TDI responders in the ITT population and the majority of subgroups analyzed among patients who received revefenacin versus placebo. For the SGRQ responders, the odds of response (odds ratio >2.0) were significantly greater in the revefenacin arm versus the placebo arm among the severe airflow obstruction, very severe airflow obstruction and 2011 GOLD D subgroups. For the TDI responders, the odds of response (odds ratio >2.0) were significantly greater among the severe airflow obstruction subgroup and patients aged >75 years. Conclusions: Revefenacin showed significantly greater improvements in FEV1 versus placebo in the ITT population and all subgroups. Furthermore, there were a greater number of SGRQ and TDI responders in the ITT population, and in the majority of patient subgroups among patients who received revefenacin versus placebo. Based on the data presented, revefenacin could be a therapeutic option among patients with markers of more severe COPD.