bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Household Water Usage Community Awareness Regarding Water Pollution and Factors Associated with it Among Adult Residents in MOH Area, Uduvil
Authors: Rajeev G. , Murali V. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Water pollution is a one of the public health burdens and the consumption of contaminated water has adverse health effects and even affects fetal development. The objective was to describe the household water usage pattern, community awareness of water pollution and factors associated with it among adult residents in MOH area, Uduvil. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a community-based sample of 817 adult residents with multi stage cluster sampling method. The data was collected by an int erviewer adm inistered questi onnaire. Statistically significance for selected factors and awareness were analyzed with chi square and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: This study sample consisted of 85% (n=695) female, mean age of 47.8±16.2. Majority 97.5% (n=797) of the participants knew about the water pollution in their area. Only 23% (n=188) participants knew about all the characters of good water. Among the participants 48.6% (n=397) had noticed the organoleptic changes in their own well and only 1.5% (n=12) had confirmed the pollution by lab test. Among them 71.2% (n=582) were treating the water and 24.9% were boiling the water. The median knowledge score was 10.93. There is significant difference in knowledge related to water pollution among different educational levels (U=53339.5, p<0.001) and the presence of water related diseases in the family (U=54146.5, P<0.01). There was a significant association with the age groups and their water treatment practices (χ2= 7.17, P<0.01), the presence of under 5-year age child in the family had significant association with water treatment practices (χ2=13.1, P<0.001).
Integration of Interprofessional Education Within the Didactic Aspect of Athletic Training Programs
Authors: Manspeaker Sarah A. , Feld Sharon D. , Hankemeier Dorice A. , Kirby Jessica L. 
Published: August 2020

Context
Accreditation competencies have been updated to include interprofessional education (IPE) as a required focus for health care students. While the development and implementation of IPE learning activities have been documented in other professions, there is a dearth of information describing didactic integration of IPE within athletic training program curricula.

Objective
To ascertain how IPE is being integrated within the didactic curriculum of athletic training programs.

Design
Consensual qualitative approach.

Setting
Higher education institutions with accredited professional master's athletic training programs.

Patients or Other Participants
Seventeen program faculty (9 women, 8 men; 1 program director, 14 clinical education coordinators, 2 other program faculty) shared their perspectives on integrating IPE.

Data Collection and Analysis
Semistructured phone interviews were used. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. Upon achievement of data saturation, a consensual qualitative analysis approach was employed to determine themes. Data trustworthiness was achieved through triangulation, member checking, and use of an external auditor.

Results
More than half of the programs represented in this study (11 of 17) report that IPE activities are a required component of their didactic curriculum. Themes for integration of IPE include delivery methods, educational content and objectives, assessment, and logistics. Sample IPE activities include case-based discussions, dedicated IPE courses, online modules, and simulation.

Conclusions
Integration of IPE into the curriculum requires logistical considerations such as determining which health care disciplines to include, resources available (time, space, personnel), as well as overall institutional support. Program faculty in our study described varied methods to deliver IPE learning activities that meet content goals and objectives. Prior to integrating IPE into an athletic training curriculum, program faculty should determine the method of delivery and what content will work to achieve the goals of relevant stakeholders. Consideration of these components for didactic integration should work to create cohesive and meaningful learning experiences.
PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DALAM MATIUS 28:19-20
Authors: Belo Yosia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract: This article talks about a biblical study of the text of Matthew 28: 19-20. This study was conducted to gain an understanding of Christian Religious Education in Matthew 28: 19-20. So that every PAK teacher can apply in applying and teaching students.
Abstrak: Artikel ini berbicara tentang kajian biblika terhadap teks Matius 28:19-20. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman tentang Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam Matius 28:19-20. Supaya dapat diterapkan oleh setiap guru PAK dalam menerapkan dan melakukan pengajaran terhadap peserta didik.
THE EFFECT OF NON PERFORMING FINANCING, FINANCING TO DEPOSIT RATIO AND OPERATING EXPENSE TO OPERATING INCOME RATIO (BOPO) TO PROFITABILITY
Authors: Suartini Sri , Sulistiyo Hari , Indrianti Wahyuni 
Published: August 2020

<p><em>The issues raised in this study are: to determine, explain and analyze profitability, Non Perfroming Loan, Financing to Deposit Ratio and Operating Expense to Operating Income in Bank of sharia and the partial effect and simultaneous of NPF, FDR and Operating Expense to Operating Income ratio to Profitability Bank of sharia Period 2014 -2016.</em></p><p><em>The number of samples taken 12 Bank of sharia in the study period with saturated sampling technique. This research expected to contribute and to the development of the field of accounting, especially financial accounting. The research methods used by the author in this study, using descriptive and verification, the results showed conclusions are: NPF has no effect on profitability because of the results of calculations performed tcount smaller than ttabel. FDR has not effect on profitability because of the results of calculations performed tcount smaller than ttabel. Partially Operating Expense to Operating Income has significant negative effect on profitability. Operating Expense to Operating Income is the most influential variable among other variables on profitability. The effect of simultaneous NPF, FDR and Operating Expense to Operating Income on profitability of 75.8% while the remaining 24.2% is the influence of other factors not examined. We can conclude that NPF, FDR and ROA simultaneously positive and significant impact on profitability Bank of sharia in the study period.</em></p><p><strong><em>JEL Classification: </em></strong><em>G10, G12, G21</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: FDR,</em><em> </em><em>NPF, Profitability</em><em>, </em><em>ROA</em><em></em></p>
Towards the connection between snow microphysics and melting layer: insights from multifrequency and dual-polarization radar observations during BAECC
Authors: Li Haoran , Tiira Jussi , von Lerber Annakaisa , Moisseev Dmitri 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In stratiform rainfall, the melting layer (ML) is often visible in radar observations as an enhanced reflectivity band, the so-called bright band. Despite the ongoing debate on the exact microphysical processes taking place in the ML and on how they translate into radar measurements, both model simulations and observations indicate that the radar-measured ML properties are influenced by snow microphysical processes that take place above it. There is still, however, a lack of comprehensive observations to link the two. To advance our knowledge of precipitation formation in ice clouds and provide new insights into radar signatures of snow growth processes, we have investigated this link. This study is divided into two parts. Firstly, surface-based snowfall measurements are used to develop a new method for identifying rimed and unrimed snow from X- and Ka-band Doppler radar observations. Secondly, this classification is used in combination with multifrequency and dual-polarization radar observations collected during the Biogenic Aerosols – Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC) experiment in 2014 to investigate the impact of precipitation intensity, aggregation, riming and dendritic growth on the ML properties. The results show that the radar-observed ML properties are highly related to the precipitation intensity. The previously reported bright band “sagging” is mainly connected to the increase in precipitation intensity. Ice particle riming plays a secondary role. In moderate to heavy rainfall, riming may cause additional bright band sagging, while in light precipitation the sagging is associated with unrimed snow. The correlation between ML properties and dual-polarization radar signatures in the snow region above appears to be arising through the connection of the radar signatures and ML properties to the precipitation intensity. In addition to advancing our knowledge of the link between ML properties and snow processes, the presented analysis demonstrates how multifrequency Doppler radar observations can be used to get a more detailed view of cloud processes and establish a link to precipitation formation.
Oxygenated products formed from OH-initiated reactions of trimethylbenzene: autoxidation and accretion
Authors: Wang Yuwei , Mehra Archit , Krechmer Jordan E. , Yang Gan , Hu Xiaoyu , Lu Yiqun , Lambe Andrew , Canagaratna Manjula , Chen Jianmin , Worsnop Douglas , Coe Hugh , Wang Lin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Gas-phase oxidation pathways and products of anthropogenic
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mainly aromatics, are the subject of
intensive research, with attention paid to their contributions to secondary
organic aerosol (SOA) formation and potentially new particle formation
(NPF) in the urban atmosphere. In this study, a series of OH-initiated
oxidation experiments of trimethylbenzene (TMB, C9H12) including
1,2,4-TMB, 1,3,5-TMB, 1,2,3-TMB, and 1,2,4-(methyl-D3)-TMBs
(C9H9D3) were investigated in an oxidation flow reactor
(OFR) in the absence and presence of NOx. Products were measured using
a suite of state-of-the-art instruments, i.e. a nitrate-based chemical
ionization–atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer
(nitrate CI-APi-TOF), an iodide-adduct chemical ionization time-of-flight
mass spectrometer (iodide CI-TOF) equipped with a Filter Inlet for Gases and
AEROsols (FIGAERO), and a Vocus proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer
(Vocus PTR). A large number of C9 products with 1–11 oxygen atoms and C18
products presumably formed from dimerization of C9 peroxy radicals were
observed, hinting at the extensive existence of autoxidation and accretion
reaction pathways in the OH-initiated oxidation reactions of TMBs. Oxidation
products of 1,2,4-(methyl-D3)-TMBs with deuterium atoms in different methyl
substituents were then used as a molecular basis to propose potential
autoxidation reaction pathways. Accretion of C9 peroxy radicals is the most
significant for aromatics with meta-substituents and the least for aromatics
with ortho-substituents if the number and size of substituted groups are
identical. The presence of NOx would suppress the formation of highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) of C18 and enhance the formation of
organonitrates and even dinitrate organic compounds. Our results show that
the oxidation products of TMB are much more diverse and could be more
oxygenated than the current mechanisms predict.
Can ocean community production and respiration be determined by measuring high-frequency oxygen profiles from autonomous floats?
Authors: Gordon Christopher , Fennel Katja , Richards Clark , Shay Lynn K. , Brewster Jodi K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Oceanic primary production forms the basis of the marine food web and provides a pathway for carbon sequestration. Despite its importance, spatial and temporal variations of primary production are poorly observed, in large part because the traditional measurement techniques are laborious and require the presence of a ship. More efficient methods are emerging that take advantage of miniaturized sensors integrated into autonomous platforms such as gliders and profiling floats. One such method relies on determining the diurnal cycle of dissolved oxygen in the mixed layer and has been applied successfully to measurements from gliders and mixed-layer floats. This study is the first documented attempt to estimate primary production from diurnal oxygen changes measured by Argo-type profiling floats, thus accounting for the whole euphotic zone. We first present a novel method for correcting measurement errors that result from the relatively slow response time of the oxygen optode sensor. This correction relies on an in situ determination of the sensor's effective response time. The method is conceptually straightforward and requires only two minor adjustments in current Argo data transmission protocols: (1) transmission of measurement time stamps and (2) occasional transmission of downcasts in addition to upcasts. Next, we present oxygen profiles collected by 10 profiling floats in the northern Gulf of Mexico, evaluate whether community production and respiration can be detected, and show evidence of internal oscillations influencing the diurnal oxygen signal. Our results show that profiling floats are capable of measuring diurnal oxygen variations although the confounding influence of physical processes does not permit a reliable estimation of biological rates in our dataset. We offer suggestions for recognizing and removing the confounding signals.
Abrupt transitions in an atmospheric single-column model with weak temperature gradient approximation
Authors: Stephens Benjamin A. , Jackson Charles S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We document a feature of the tropical atmosphere that could be relevant to episodes of abrupt transitions in global climate that regularly occurred during the last ice age. Using a single-column model (SCM) incorporating the weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation, we find that abrupt transitions occur as the sea surface temperature is steadily increased. Because these transitions arise from the interplay between local deep convection and the large-scale adjustments that are required to maintain weak temperature and pressure gradients, they are only present with the WTG approximation relevant for the tropics but may be of interest as a trigger for abrupt transitions in global climate. These transitions are marked by an abrupt change in the partitioning of rainfall between convective and large-scale (microphysics) subroutines in addition to various other features of the column, including cloudiness, vertical velocity, temperature, and humidity. We conclude that the transitions are initiated by a failure of evaporative cooling in the lower free troposphere. This leads to lower-column heating and a burst of convection that heats the upper free troposphere, increasing the large-scale rainfall rate, which allows for sufficient evaporative cooling to restabilize the column.
Revision Hip Arthroplasty Using a Porous-coated or Taper ZMR Implant: Minimum 10-year Follow-up of Implant Survivorship
Authors: McInnes James , Allen James , Garceau Simon P. , Warschawski Yaniv , Rajgopal Raghav , Safir Oleg A. , Gross Allan E. , Kuzyk Paul R. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
The Zimmer Modular Revision hip (ZMR) system is available in two stem options, a porous-coated cylindrical (PCM) and a taper (TM) stem. Several concerns have been reported regarding modular implants. Specifically, because of early junctional fractures, the ZMR system was redesigned with a wider modular interface. As such, we designed a study assessing long-term ZMR survivorship and functional and radiographic outcomes.

Methods and Materials:
A search of our institutional research database was performed. A minimum 10-year follow-up was selected. The following two cohorts were created: PCM and TM stems. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed, and causes of stem failure requiring revision surgery were collected. Functional outcomes as per the Harris Hip Score and radiographic stem stability were assessed as per the Engh classification.

Results:
A total of 146 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were available for follow-up (PCM = 68, TM = 78). The mean follow-up was 13.4 years clinically and 11.1 years radiographically for the PCM cohort. Similarly, the TM cohort had a follow-up of 11.1 years clinically and 10.5 years radiographically. The Kaplan-Meier survivorships were 87.1% and 87.8% at 15 years for the PCM and TM cohorts, respectively. The most common cause of failure requiring revision surgery overall was aseptic loosening (PCM = 1.4%, TM = 5.6%). The mean postoperative Harris Hip Score was as follows: PCM = 71.2 and TM = 64.7. Engh type I or II stem ingrowth was as follows: PCM = 85% and TM = 68%.

Discussion:
Good survivorship using the ZMR stem system can be expected at up to 15 years. Aseptic loosening remains the most commonly encountered problem for both PCM and TM stems. Previously identified modular junctional weakness seem to have been addressed.
A Geographic Population-level Analysis of Access to Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in the State of Texas
Authors: Gregory James M. , Wayne Colton D. , Miller Adam J. , Kozemchak Adam M. , Bailey Lane , Warth Ryan J. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Managing costs and improving access to care are two important goals of healthcare policy. The purposes of this study were to (1) evaluate the changes in distribution of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) cases in the state of Texas from 2010 to 2015 and (2) to evaluate patient access to TSA surgery centers as measured by driving miles.

Methods:
Inpatient (IP) and outpatient (OP) records were obtained from 2010 to 2015 from the Texas Department of State Health Services. All primary elective anatomic or reverse TSAs for patients with Texas-based home residence zip codes were included. Driving miles between patient zip codes and their chosen TSA surgery centers were estimated, and the results were compared between IP (high-volume [HV-IP] or low-volume [LV-IP]) and OP centers. Paired student t-tests, multivariate regressions, and mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed for volume comparisons, interactions between TSA centers types, and yearly trend data, respectively.

Results:
Between 2010 and 2015, a total of 21,092 TSA procedures were performed across 321 surgery centers in the state of Texas (19,629 IP [93.1%] and 1,463 OP [6.9%]). During this time, the cumulative volume of IP TSA per 100,000 Texas residents increased by 109.1%, whereas the cumulative volume of OP TSA increased by 143.7%. Approximately 85.5% of included patients resided within 50 miles of any TSA surgery center; however, only 47.0% of the total Texas population resided within 50 miles of any TSA surgery center. This relationship remained true at every time point irrespective of their volume designations (OP, IP, HV-IP, and LV-IP).

Conclusion:
Despite the overall increase in TSA volume over time, the majority all TSA utilization in the state of Texas occurred in patients who resided within 50 miles of a TSA center. Increasing volume seems to reflect concentration of care into HV-IP and OP centers. Strategies to improve access to TSA care for underserved areas should be considered.

Level of Evidence:
Level II
Analysis of Online Reviews of Orthopaedic Surgeons and Orthopaedic Practices Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Langerhuizen David W. G. , Brown Laura E. , Doornberg Job N. , Ring David , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Janssen Stein J. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
There is growing interest in measuring and improving patient experience. Machine learning–based natural language processing techniques may help identify instructive themes in online comments written by patients about their healthcare provider. Separating individual surgeon and orthopaedic office reviews, we analyzed themes that are discussed based on the rating category, the association with review length, the number of people posting more than one review for a surgeon or office, the mean number of reviews per rating category, and the difference in review tones.

Methods:
On Yelp.com, we collected 11,614 free-text reviews—together with a one- to five-star rating—of orthopaedic surgeons. Using natural language processing, we identified the most frequently occurring word combinations among rating categories. Themes were derived by categorizing word combinations. Dominant tones (emotional and language styles) were assessed by the IBM Watson Tone Analyzer. We calculated chi-square tests for linear trend and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients to assess differences among rating category.

Results:
For individual surgeons and orthopaedic offices, themes such as logistics, care and compassion, trust, recommendation, and customer service varied among rating categories. More positive reviews are shorter for individual surgeons and orthopaedic offices, while rating category was comparable among people posting more than one review for both groups. Tones of joy and confidence were associated with higher ratings. Sadness and tentative tones were associated with lower ratings.

Discussion:
For individual orthopaedic surgeons and orthopaedic offices, patient experience may be influenced mostly by the patient-clinician relationship. Training in more effective communication strategies may help improve self-reported patient experience.
Opioid Prescriptions by Orthopaedic Surgeons in a Medicare Population: Recent Trends, Potential Complications, and Characteristics of High Prescribers
Authors: Boddapati Venkat , Padaki Ajay S. , Lehman Ronald A. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Levine William N. , Riew K. Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Orthopaedic surgeons prescribe an estimated 7.7% of all US opioid prescriptions, and understanding prescribing patterns is important to curtail the inappropriate dispensing of these drugs. The purpose of this study was to characterize recent trends in opioid prescribing patterns by orthopaedic surgeons within a Medicare population and to identify demographical characteristics associated with the highest prescribers.

Methods:
This study used Medicare Part D beneficiary prescription between 2013 and 2016. The number of prescriptions written per orthopaedic surgeon, prescriptions received by each beneficiary, and the length of each prescription were compared across years. Top prescribers were identified and compared with the remainder of prescribers to identify differences in sex, professional degree, and geographic regions.

Results:
Between 2013 and 2016, an average of 24,100 unique orthopaedic prescribers were identified. There was a decrease in the average number of prescriptions written per year from 157 to 148 and per beneficiary from 2.1 to 1.8 from 2013 to 2016, respectively. The most commonly prescribed opioids were hydrocodone/acetaminophen (47.1% of all opioids prescribed) and oxycodone/acetaminophen (17.5%). The total number of opioid prescriptions decreased by 372,045, and nonopioid pain medications increased by 269,917 between 2013 and 2016. Orthopaedic surgeons were more likely to have a high total opioid prescription count if they were male, lived in the south, and had an osteopathic degree (P < 0.001 for all).

Discussion:
Orthopaedic surgeons prescribe an estimated 7.7% of all US opioid prescriptions; however, in recent years, there has been a decrease in the number of prescriptions written per surgeon, per beneficiary, total opioid prescriptions, and an increase in total nonopioid prescriptions. These changes may reflect an increase in public awareness of the opioid epidemic and subtle changes in physician behavior. Differences in opioid prescription volume by sex, professional degree, and region also illustrate a lack of consensus on opioid prescription guidelines in orthopaedic surgery.