bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Control of Esophageal Peristalsis and Its Role in Esophageal Disease
Authors: Nikaki K. , Sawada A. , Ustaoglu A. , Sifrim D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewEsophageal peristalsis is a highly sophisticated function that involves the coordinated contraction and relaxation of striated and smooth muscles in a cephalocaudal fashion, under the control of central and peripheral neuronal mechanisms and a number of neurotransmitters. Esophageal peristalsis is determined by the balance of the intrinsic excitatory cholinergic, inhibitory nitrergic and post-inhibitory rebound excitatory output to the esophageal musculature.Recent FindingsDissociation of the longitudinal and circular muscle contractions characterizes different major esophageal disorders and leads to esophageal symptoms. Provocative testing during esophageal high-resolution manometry is commonly employed to assess esophageal body peristaltic reserve and underpin clinical diagnosis.SummaryHerein, we summarize the main factors that determine esophageal peristalsis and examine their role in major and minor esophageal motility disorders and eosinophilic esophagitis.
Right weak Engel conditions on linear groups
Authors: Wehrfritz B. A. F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIf X is a group-class, a group G is right X-Engel if for all g in G there exists an X-subgroup E of G such that for all x in G there is a positive integer m(x) with [g, nx] ∈ E for all n ≥ m(x). Let G be a linear group. Special cases of our main theorem are the following. If X is the class of all Chernikov groups, or all finite groups, or all locally finite groups, then G is right X-Engel if and only if G has a normal X-subgroup modulo which G is hypercentral. The same conclusion holds if G has positive characteristic and X is one of the following classes; all polycyclic-by-finite groups, all groups of finite Prüfer rank, all minimax groups, all groups with finite Hirsch number, all soluble-by-finite groups with finite abelian total rank. In general the characteristic zero case is more complex.
Infection control for third-party benefit: lessons from criminal justice
Authors: Douglas Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article considers what can be learned regarding the ethical acceptability of intrusive interventions intended to halt the spread of infectious disease (‘Infection Control’ measures) from existing ethical discussion of intrusive interventions used to prevent criminal conduct (‘Crime Control’ measures). The main body of the article identifies and briefly describes six objections that have been advanced against Crime Control, and considers how these might apply to Infection Control. The final section then draws out some more general lessons from the foregoing analysis for the ethical acceptability of different kinds of Infection Control.
Family Inclusive practice in child welfare: report of a Churchill Fellowship study tour
Authors: Cocks Jessica 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDrawing on the findings of a Churchill Fellowship study tour, this article discusses the need to expand our understanding of family engagement and, in particular, to implement Family Inclusive practice in Australian child welfare, both to increase reunification and to improve outcomes for children who do not return home. I argue for this expansion through the integration of six key elements of Family Inclusive practice drawing on examples of practice and innovation from my study tour. This article commences with a discussion of the literature in support of family engagement and Family Inclusive practice. It is argued that we need to embrace an approach to Family Inclusive practice that acknowledges and addresses power imbalances, is contextualised and goes beyond relationships between workers and families. An exploration of the six elements of Family Inclusive practice follows, contributing to the understanding and practical application of Family Inclusive practice, with reference to initiatives in several countries visited during my study tour as well as to the literature more broadly. If these elements are integrated into child welfare practice and policy, they will contribute to Family Inclusive practice in the interests of children in Australia.
Debunking “pluri-areality”: On the pluricentric perspective of national varieties
Authors: Dollinger Stefan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPluricentric approaches to international varieties have been a mainstay in English dialectology since the 1980s, often implied rather than expressed. What is standard lore in many philologies is today questioned in one philology, however. This paper assesses the pros and cons of the so-called “pluri-areal” perspective, which has in the past few years become prominent in German dialectology. Intended to replace the pluricentric model, “pluri-arealist” perspectives affect the modelling of German standard varieties in Austria and Switzerland, among others. Attempting to falsify claims on both sides, this paper argues from an English-German comparative perspective that the idiosyncratic treatment of national varieties in one context is a problem that threatens the unity of the field regarding how the standard is seen in relation to other varieties. It is shown that the base of the “pluri-areal” paradigm is an a-theoretical perspective of geographical variation that adheres implicitly to aOne Standard German Axiom. This meta-theoretical paper suggests three principles to prevent such terminologically-fuelled confusion henceforth.
PROJECTIONS OF DESIRE AND DESIGN IN EARLY MODERN CARIBBEAN MAPS
Authors: SUTTON ANGELA , YINGLING CHARLTON W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIconic early European maps of the Caribbean depict neatly parcelled plantations, sugar mills, towns, and fortifications juxtaposed against untamed interiors sketched with runaway slaves and Indigenous toponyms. These extra-geographical symbols of racial and spatial meaning projected desire and design to powerful audiences. Abstractions about material life influenced colonial perceptions and actions upon a space, often to deleterious effects for the Indigenous and African people who were abused in tandem with the region's flora and fauna. The scientific revolution curbed these proscriptive and descriptive ‘thick-mapped’ features that offer historians an underexplored record of early colonial Caribbean life beyond the geographically descriptive. Before this shift from mystery to mastery, the early correlation of colonization and cartography in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries provides a fascinating glimpse into the process of creating the Americas. This article offers ideas for deconstructing old maps as new sources for historians of the early Atlantic World. As digital readers may explore through the roughly fifty maps linked via the footnotes, their informative spectacle naturalized colonialism upon lived and imagined race and space, created an exoticized, commodified Caribbean, and facilitated wealth extraction projects of competing empires made profitable by African labour on Indigenous land.
Half a century of sightings data of southern right whales in Mar del Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: Mandiola Maria A. , Giardino Gisela , Bastida Julián , Morón Sergio , Rodríguez Diego H. , Bastida Ricardo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn South-western Atlantic waters, individuals of the southern right whale (SRW)Eubalaena australisspend part of the year (the austral winter and spring) in northern inshore waters where they breed and then migrate to southern feeding grounds during the summer. Mar del Plata (MDP) is located between two main reproductive areas (Península Valdés-Argentina and Santa Catarina-Brazil). The purpose of the present study is to report the presence of SRWs on their journey off the coast of MDP based on sighting records during the past half century. We carried out whale observations through systematic weekly coastal marine mammal surveys in different points of the MDP area from 1966 to 2016. The first SRW sighting was recorded in 1970; since then, sighting frequency has gradually increased, reaching a peak of 28 sightings (N = 63 whales) in 2016. These are unique long-term sighting records of SRWs in Argentina and the first on their journey off the shores of Buenos Aires province. We expect that these results will help local authorities to regulate tourism and other activities in the area and thereby contribute to the conservation of the species.
The dual systems in temporal cognition: A spatial analogy
Authors: Roselli Andrea 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The model presented by the authors can explain an inherent contradiction in people's naïve theory of time. In this commentary I suggest a way in which another paradox of our phenomenal temporality may be addressed along these lines. In the final section, I also discuss some concerns that may arise about the clear-cut distinction between humans and non-human animals.
Let's call a memory a memory, but what kind?
Authors: Keven Nazim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hoerl & McCormack argue that animals cannot represent past situations and subsume animals’ memory-like representations within a model of the world. I suggest calling these memory-like representations as what they are without beating around the bush. I refer to them as event memories and explain how they are different from episodic memory and how they can guide action in animal cognition.
Limitations of Hoerl and McCormack's dual systems model of temporal consciousness
Authors: Isham Eve A. , Ziskin Elijah M. , Peterson Mary A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hoerl & McCormack's dual systems framework provides a new avenue toward the scientific investigation of temporal cognition. However, some shortcomings of the model should be considered. These issues include their reliance on a somewhat vague consideration of “systems” rather than specific computational processes. Moreover, the model does not consider the subjective nature of temporal experience or the role of consciousness in temporal cognition.
From temporal updating to temporal reasoning: Developments in young children's temporal representations
Authors: Mayhew Estelle M. Y. , Zhang Meng , Hudson Judith A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Evidence from our research on young children's temporal understanding supports Hoerl & McCormack's view that young children rely on a temporal updating system to change representations over time. We propose that the shift from temporal updating to temporal reasoning is enabled by children's expanding representations of event sequences, along with developments in language, memory, and other cognitive competencies.
A modelling approach to investigate the impact of consumption of three different beef compositions on human dietary fat intakes
Authors: Lenighan Yvonne M , Nugent Anne P , Moloney Aidan P , Monahan Frank J , Walton Janette , Flynn Albert , Roche Helen M , McNulty Breige A 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjective:To apply a dietary modelling approach to investigate the impact of substituting beef intakes with three types of alternative fatty acid (FA) composition of beef on population dietary fat intakes.Design:Cross-sectional, national food consumption survey – the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS). The fat content of the beef-containing food codes (n 52) and recipes (n 99) were updated with FA composition data from beef from animals receiving one of three ruminant dietary interventions: grass-fed (GRASS), grass finished on grass silage and concentrates (GSC) or concentrate-fed (CONC). Mean daily fat intakes, adherence to dietary guidelines and the impact of altering beef FA composition on dietary fat sources were characterised.Setting:Ireland.Participants:Beef consumers (n 1044) aged 18–90 years.Results:Grass-based feeding practices improved dietary intakes of a number of individual FA, wherein myristic acid (C14 : 0) and palmitic acid (C16 : 0) were decreased, with an increase in conjugated linoleic acid (C18 : 2c9,t11) and trans-vaccenic acid (C18 : 1t11; P < 0·05). Improved adherence with dietary recommendations for total fat (98·5 %), SFA (57·4 %) and PUFA (98·8 %) was observed in the grass-fed beef scenario (P < 0·001). Trans-fat intakes were increased significantly in the grass-fed beef scenario (P < 0·001).Conclusions:To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to characterise the impact of grass-fed beef consumption at population level. The study suggests that habitual consumption of grass-fed beef may have potential as a public health strategy to improve dietary fat quality.
ON SPRINDŽUK’S CLASSIFICATION OF -ADIC NUMBERS
Authors: BUGEAUD YANN , KEKEÇ GÜLCAN 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe carry Sprindžuk’s classification of the complex numbers to the field$\mathbb{Q}_{p}$of$p$-adic numbers. We establish several estimates for the$p$-adic distance between$p$-adic roots of integer polynomials, which we apply to show that almost all$p$-adic numbers, with respect to the Haar measure, are$p$-adic$\tilde{S}$-numbers of order 1.
The 2018 Mw 7.5 Papua New Guinea Earthquake: A Possible Complex Multiple Faults Failure Event With Deep‐Seated Reverse Faulting
Authors: Wang Shuai , Xu Caijun , Li Zhenhong , Wen Yangmao , Song Chuang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough the Papuan fold and thrust belt (PFTB) is thought to accommodate convergence between the Pacific and Australian plates, the possible strain partitioning and its kinematic controls in the region are poorly understood. On 25 February 2018, a devastating Mw 7.5 earthquake jolted the southern area of the PFTB, central Papua New Guinea. The detailed imaging of the source parameters of this large earthquake is an urgent demand for a better understanding of the tectonism in the region. Here we used spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar data to carefully determine the possible ruptured faults and associated fault geometries and further estimated the detailed slip of the 2018 Mw 7.5 earthquake. We find that the earthquake involved multiple faults failure, and a four‐segment fault model can reasonably produce the complex coseismic deformation, especially the observed bimodal displacements. The earthquake was dominated by reverse fault motion, and significant slip of up to ~0.7 m was documented on faults extending at depths great than 25 km. An integrated analysis of the fracture complexities suggests that possible strain partitioning in the PFTB could be tightly coupled with regional fault geometries and lithospheric properties. Our findings on the deep brittle failures suggest that crustal shortening across the PFTB could primarily control the growth of fold and thrust belt in the central Papua New Guinea.
High Bulk and Shear Attenuation Due to Partial Melt in the Tonga‐Lau Back‐arc Mantle
Authors: Wei S. Shawn , Wiens Douglas A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeismic attenuation measures energy loss during seismic wave propagation and quantifies the relaxation of rocks' elastic moduli. Abundant seismic studies have observed shear attenuation, but few have quantified bulk attenuation (bulk modulus relaxation), and these studies controversially locate finite bulk attenuation in different parts of the Earth, from the asthenosphere to the inner core. Here we present conclusive evidence localizing bulk attenuation to a specific region of the uppermost mantle. By analyzing amplitude spectral decay of P and S waves from Tonga earthquakes recorded at local seismic stations, we observe unusually low QP/QS ratios (<1.5) in the Tonga‐Lau mantle wedge. All seismic raypaths with significant path‐average bulk attenuation (Qκ−1 > 0.01 or Qκ < 100) are confined to the region immediately beneath the Lau back‐arc spreading centers west of the Tonga Arc. Tomography results show that the highest bulk attenuation (Qκ−1 = 0.037 ± 0.008 or Qκ = 27.0 ± 0.2) is about 75% of the in situ shear attenuation. The observed high bulk attenuation anomalies coincide with an inferred zone of partial melting, suggesting that the causative mechanism involves either infinitesimal movement of melt through pores or changes in melt fraction in response to seismic waves.
Optimizing Sensor Configurations for the Detection of Slow‐Slip Earthquakes in Seafloor Pressure Records, Using the Cascadia Subduction Zone as a Case Study
Authors: Fredrickson Erik K. , Wilcock William S. D. , Schmidt David A. , MacCready Parker , Roland Emily , Kurapov Alexander L. , Zumberge Mark A. , Sasagawa Glenn S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present seafloor pressure records from the Cascadia Subduction Zone, alongside oceanographic and geophysical models, to evaluate the spatial uniformity of bottom pressure and optimize the geometry of sensor networks for resolving offshore slow‐slip transients. Seafloor pressure records from 2011 to 2015 show that signal amplitudes are depth‐dependent, with tidally filtered and detrended root‐mean‐squares of <2 cm on the abyssal plain and >6 cm on the continental shelf. This is consistent with bottom pressure predictions from circulation models and comparable to deformation amplitudes from offshore slow slip observed in other subduction zones. We show that the oceanographic component of seafloor pressure can be reduced to ≤1‐cm root‐mean‐square by differencing against a reference record from a similar depth, under restrictions that vary with depth. Instruments at 100–250 m require depths matched within 10 m at separations of <100 km, while locations deeper than 1,400 m are broadly comparable over separations of at least 300 km. Despite the significant noise reduction from this method, no slow slip was identified in the dataset, possibly due to poor spatiotemporal instrument coverage, nonideal deployment geometry, and limited depth‐matched instruments. We use forward predictions of deformation from elastic half‐space models and hindcast pressure from circulation models to generate synthetic slow‐slip observational records and show that a range of slip scenarios produce resolvable signals under depth‐matched differencing. For future detection of offshore slow slip in Cascadia, we recommend a geometry in which instruments are deployed along isobaths to optimize corrections for oceanographic signals.
Impact Experiment on Gneiss: The Effects of Foliation on Cratering Process
Authors: Agarwal Amar , Poelchau Michael H. , Kenkmann Thomas , Rae Auriol , Ebert Matthias 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo impact experiments were carried out on blocks of Maggia gneiss to assess the influence of mechanical target anisotropies on the cratering process. The experiments were done within the framework of Multidisciplinary Experimental and Modeling Impact Research Network. In one experiment the metamorphic foliation was vertical, that is, oriented perpendicular to the target surface, and in the other horizontal, that is, parallel to the target surface. This study reveals that due to preferred spallation along the foliation, the cratering efficiency is higher if the foliation is horizontal. The study further presents a comprehensive quantitative strain analysis in the subsurface of these craters. We use biotite kink bands as strain markers. The distribution of strain differs strongly in both experiments. If the foliation is vertical, the area beneath the central crater floor shows a high compressive strain. This is attributed to the ability of biotite to kink more easily when shortened parallel to its basal plane. If the foliation is horizontal, surface kinking is reduced and tensile failure along the foliation deepens the crater during unloading.
Recent progress in mapping the emerging landscape of the small-cell lung cancer genome
Authors: Kim Kee-Beom , Dunn Colin T. , Park Kwon-Sik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSmall-cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains the deadliest of all the lung cancer types. Its high mortality is largely attributed to the invariable development of resistance to standard chemo/radiotherapies, which have remained unchanged for the past 30 years, underscoring the need for new therapeutic approaches. The discovery of molecular targets for chemoprevention and treatment has been hampered by the poor understanding of SCLC progression. In recent years, comprehensive omics-based analyses have led to the discovery of recurrent alterations in patient tumors, and functional studies using genetically engineered mouse models and patient-derived tumor models have provided information about the alterations critical for SCLC pathogenesis. Defining the somatic alterations scattered throughout the SCLC genome will help to understand the underlying mechanism of this devastating disease and pave the way for the discovery of therapeutic vulnerabilities associated with the genomic alterations.
Simultaneous emission of orthogonal handedness in circular polarization from a single luminophore
Authors: Baek Kyungmin , Lee Dong-Myung , Lee Yu-Jin , Choi Hyunchul , Seo Jeongdae , Kang Inbyeong , Yu Chang-Jae , Kim Jae-Hoon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe direct emission of circularly polarized (CP) light improves the efficiency of an organic light-emitting diode and characterizes the secondary structure of proteins. In most cases, CP light is generated from a luminescent layer containing chiral characteristics, thereby generating only one kind of CP light in an entire device. Here, we propose direct CP light emissions using a twisted achiral conjugate polymer without any chiral dopant as an emitting layer (EML). The twisted structure is induced in the mesogenic conjugate polymer due to its elasticity by applying different alignment directions to its upper and lower interfaces. Furthermore, we demonstrate the simultaneous emission of orthogonal CP light in a single luminescent device by patterning different alignment directions on the surfaces of the EML. The light source with multipolarization including the orthogonal CP states is applicable to many applications in biosensors and optical devices.
Stretchable and colorless freestanding microwire arrays for transparent solar cells with flexibility
Authors: Kang Sung Bum , Kim Ji-Hwan , Jeong Myeong Hoon , Sanger Amit , Kim Chan Ul , Kim Chil-Min , Choi Kyoung Jin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransparent solar cells (TSCs) are emerging devices that combine the advantages of visible transparency and light-to-electricity conversion. Currently, existing TSCs are based predominantly on organics, dyes, and perovskites; however, the rigidity and color-tinted transparent nature of those devices strongly limit the utility of the resulting TSCs for real-world applications. Here, we demonstrate a flexible, color-neutral, and high-efficiency TSC based on a freestanding form of n-silicon microwires (SiMWs). Flat-tip SiMWs with controllable spacing are fabricated via deep-reactive ion etching and embedded in a freestanding transparent polymer matrix. The light transmittance can be tuned from ~10 to 55% by adjusting the spacing between the microwires. For TSCs, a heterojunction is formed with a p-type polymer in the top portion of the n-type flat-tip SiMWs. Ohmic contact with an indium-doped ZnO film occurs at the bottom, and the side surface has an Al2O3 passivation layer. Furthermore, slanted-tip SiMWs are developed by a novel solvent-assisted wet etching method to manipulate light absorption. Finite-difference time-domain simulation revealed that the reflected light from slanted-tip SiMWs helps light-matter interactions in adjacent microwires. The TSC based on the slanted-tip SiMWs demonstrates 8% efficiency at a visible transparency of 10% with flexibility. This efficiency is the highest among Si-based TSCs and comparable with that of state-of-the-art neutral-color TSCs based on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite and organics. Moreover, unlike others, the stretchable and transparent platform in this study is promising for future TSCs.