bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Assessment of Age‐ and Loading Configuration‐Related Changes in Multiscale Mechanical Behavior of the Human Proximal Femur Using MRI‐Based Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Wang Ling , Fu Ruisen , Wang Jianing , Yang Dongyue , Liu Yandong , Zhang Wei , Liang Wei , Yang Ruopei , Yang Haisheng , Cheng Xiaoguang 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMRI‐based finite element analysis (MRI‐FEA) is the only method able to assess microstructural and whole‐bone mechanical properties of the hip in vivo.PurposeTo examine whether MRI‐FEA is capable of discriminating age‐related changes in whole‐bone mechanical performance and micromechanical behavior of the proximal femur, particularly considering the most common hip fracture‐related sideways fall loading.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsA total of nine younger (27 ± 3.2 years) and nine elderly (61 ± 3.9 years) healthy volunteers.Field Strength/Sequence3T; 3D fast field echo sequence.AssessmentThe left proximal femurs were scanned and FE models created. FEA was performed to simulate sideways fall and stance loading for each femoral model. Apparent stiffness and high‐risk (90th percentile) tensile and compressive strains of the proximal femur as well as the average strains within cubic regions of the femoral neck and greater trochanter were assessed.Statistical TestsPaired and unpaired t‐tests.ResultsCompared to the young group, the femoral stiffness of the elderly decreased by 39% and 40% (both P < 0.05) under the sideways fall and stance conditions, respectively. Accordingly, the high‐risk tensile and compressive stains were elevated with aging (40% and 23% for sideways fall, 23% and 11% for stance conditions; all P < 0.05). However, the loading configuration‐induced difference was only observed in the elderly group for the high‐risk strains (22% for tension and 12% for compression; both P < 0.05). Additionally, compared to the stance condition, the sideways fall increased the average tensile (young: 108%, elderly: 123%; both P < 0.05) and compressive strains (young: 631%, elderly: 617%, both P < 0.05) within the greater trochanter rather than the femoral neck region.Data ConclusionIn vivo MRI‐FEA is capable of capturing age‐related changes in both apparent‐level stiffness and tissue‐level micromechanical behavior of the proximal femur. However, the effect of sideways fall loading might be better reflected by tissue‐level micromechanics rather than apparent stiffness.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage1
A comprehensive analysis of projected changes of extreme precipitation indices in West Rapti River basin, Nepal under changing climate
Authors: Talchabhadel Rocky , Aryal Anil , Kawaike Kenji , Yamanoi Kazuki , Nakagawa Hajime 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA better understanding of variations of extreme precipitation in space and time is essential for hydro‐meteorological research and effective management of water resources. We used 11 extreme precipitation indices, some additional indices, and four seasonal precipitation based on daily precipitation data from 24 meteorological stations in West Rapti River basin (WRRB) of Nepal during 1986–2015 as the baseline, and three future periods (Near Future or NF: 2025–2049, Mid Future or MF: 2050–2074, and Far Future or FF: 2075–2099). This study also attempts to correlate the streamflow at downstream station of the basin with extreme precipitation indices in the baseline period and employed the relation to estimate future streamflow. We used five climate models of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project (CMIP5) under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5) to project future extreme precipitation indices. A linear scaling method of bias correction was used to reduce the biases in precipitation data of the climate models. Mann–Kendall test in conjunction with Theil–Sen's slope method was employed for trend analyses and their statistical significance. We found that extreme precipitation indices related to very wet days, extremely wet days, maximum 1‐day, and maximum 5‐day precipitation amounts are anticipated to increase significantly in future days. Our results showed percentage contribution of maximum 1‐day, and maximum 5‐day precipitation amounts to annual precipitation are important indicators of extreme precipitation. Higher percentage contributions were observed in lower regions indicating higher occurrences of very heavy precipitation in flatter topography. The increase in rainfall extremes would increase the possibility of frequent hydrological disasters in WRRB in the coming days. Generally, river valleys attain less extreme precipitation and are comparatively drier. We believe the findings of this study are useful for water resources management in WRRB under changing climate.
Combination of white tea and peppermint demonstrated synergistic antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities
Authors: Xia Xiaoyan , Lin Zhenchuan , Shao Keping , Wang Xude , Xu Jing , Zhai Hang , Wang Hua , Xu Wei , Zhao Yuqing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhite tea, considered to be the oldest form of tea, is becoming a popular beverage for its organoleptic characteristics. Peppermint tea, used as a herbal remedy for centuries, is now also very popular throughout the world as herbal tea. What interested us was that in ancient China, peppermint was used in combination with tea as a detoxification or anti‐inflammatory agent. However, there are few reports on the combined use of white tea and peppermint. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities of white tea in combination with peppermint.RESULTSA synergistic inhibitory effect against four bacterial strains, especially against Staphylococcus argenteus, was observed in the combination of white tea and peppermint in vitro. In addition, the combined formula demonstrated a stronger anti‐inflammatory effect in vivo than either of the two used alone, which was associated with the decrease of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In a further mechanism study, it was found that white tea and peppermint inhibited the phosphorylation of p‐IκB‐α and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) at different degrees. While the enhanced anti‐inflammatory effect of the combined formula was associated with the combination of NF‐κB down‐regulation and p‐MAPK inhibition.CONCLUSIONIn our study, it was for the first time shown that when white tea was combined with peppermint, the antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory effects were enhanced. The results suggested an effective application of white tea in combination with peppermint as a potential antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory functional food. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of genetic algorithm and multivariate methods for the detection and measurement of milk‐surfactant adulteration by attenuated total reflection and near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Hosseini Elahesadat , Ghasemi Jahan B , Daraei Bahram , Asadi Gholamhassan , Adib Nooshin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe adulteration of milk by hazardous chemicals like surfactants has recently increased. It conceals the quality of the product to gain profit. As milk and milk‐based products are consumed by many people, novel analytical procedures are needed to detect these adulterants. This study focused on Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy equipped with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) accessory, and near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the determination of milk‐surfactant adulteration using a genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with multivariate methods. The model surfactant was sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and its concentration varied from 1.94–19.4 gkg−1 in adulterated samples.RESULTSProminent peaks in the spectral range of 5500–6400 cm−1, 1160–1260 cm−1 and 1049–1080 cm−1 may correspond to the sulfonate group in SDS. A genetic algorithm could significantly reduce the number of variables to almost one third by selecting the specific wavenumber region. Principal component analysis (PCA) for ATR and NIR data indicated separate clusters of samples in terms of the concentration level of SDS (P ≤ 0.05). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to determine the maximum R2 value for ATR and NIR data for calibration, cross‐validation and prediction, which were 0.980, 0.972, 0.980, and 0.970, 0.937, and 0.956 respectively. The results showed apparent differences between unadulterated and adulterated samples using partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), which was validated by the permutation test.CONCLUSIONThe results clearly show the successful application of the proposed methods with multivariate analysis in the selection of variables, classification, clustering, and identification of the adulterant in amounts as low as 1.94 gkg−1 in milk. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of Placental Microvascular Architecture by MV‐Flow Imaging in Normal and Fetal Growth–Restricted Pregnancies
Authors: Chen Xinlin , Wei Xia , Zhao Sheng , Huang Hui , Wang Weiyun , Qiu Junyu , Chen Xiao , Cheng Chen , Tian Zhiyun , Rychik Jack 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo observe the microvascular architecture in the placental bed and explore the feasibility and clinical utility of MV‐Flow imaging (Samsung Medison Co, Ltd, Seoul, Korea) during normal pregnancy and fetal growth restriction (FGR).MethodsPlacental microvascular structure ultrasound imaging by MV‐Flow was performed on 227 unaffected and 17 FGR fetuses between 11 and 41 weeks' gestation. A placental vascular index (VIMV) was acquired by application of various MV‐Flow regions of interest (ellipse, rectangle, and manual trace). Unaffected control and FGR groups were assessed for umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, and uterine artery pulsatility indices and the cerebroplacental ratio calculated by ultrasound.ResultsNo significant difference in the VIMV by varying regions of interest or placental regions was observed in the control group. The VIMV in the first trimester was lower than that in the second and third trimesters, with 5th through 95th percentile normal VIMV reference values of 18.39 to 63.79 for 13.6 weeks and earlier, 28.53 to 66.64 for 14 weeks to 27 weeks 6 days, and 21.95 to 67.45 for 28 weeks and later. The VIMV values in the FGR group were lower than those in the control group in the upper, middle, and lower parts of the placenta (mean ± SD, 24.9 ± 13.9 versus 45.0 ± 13.4; P < .01; 30.5 ± 16.1 versus 44.7 ± 14.3; P < .01; and 29.9 ± 17.4 versus 47.6 ± 12.2; P < .01, respectively). Higher umbilical artery and uterine artery pulsatility indices and a lower cerebroplacental ratio were found in the FGR group compared with the control group (P < .01).ConclusionsMV‐Flow technology can display and quantify placental microvascular architecture at the level of the stem villi and villous leaves, and the VIMV provides for quantification of tissue vascularity. MV‐Flow is a potentially powerful and promising tool to explore placental microvascular perfusion and provide new information on a host of pregnancy‐related conditions.
Response of benthic nitrogen cycling to estuarine hypoxia
Authors: Song Guodong , Liu Sumei , Zhang Jing , Zhu Zhuoyi , Zhang Guiling , Marchant Hannah K. , Kuypers Marcel M. M. , Lavik Gaute 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effects of bottom water oxygen concentration on sediment oxygen uptake, oxygen penetration depth, nitrate and ammonium fluxes, anammox, denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, nitrification, and mineralization were investigated off the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent East China Sea, by combining a seasonal comparison with three artificially induced bottom water oxygen conditions (oxic, ambient, and severe hypoxia). A 50% decrease in in‐situ bottom water oxygen concentrations between May and August, led to decreases in the average sediment oxygen uptake and oxygen penetration depth by 23% and 29%, respectively. Anammox rates decreased by a factor of 2.5, and the relative contribution of anammox to the total benthic N‐loss decreased from 20% to 7.4%. However, denitrification rates increased, leading to an overall benthic N‐loss rate of 0.85 mmol N m−2 d−1. At the same time, an increasing contribution of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium to total nitrate reduction led to higher recycling of inorganic nitrogen during hypoxia in August. Under artificially induced conditions of severe hypoxia, there was a sharp decrease in both sediment oxygen uptake and benthic N‐loss rates by 88% and 38%, respectively. Nitrate and ammonium fluxes showed complex behavior at different sites which could be related to the repression of sedimentary nitrification below a bottom water oxygen threshold of 9.7 μM and increasing dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. Taken together, our results indicate that changes in benthic nutrient cycling under seasonal hypoxia enhance the retention of both organic and inorganic nitrogen, thereby exacerbating oxygen deficiency.
Bioprinting of Collagen: Considerations, Potentials, and Applications
Authors: Lee Jia Min , Suen Sean Kang Qiang , Ng Wei Long , Ma Wai Cheung , Yeong Wai Yee 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCollagen is the most abundant extracellular matrix protein that is widely used in tissue engineering (TE). There is little research done on printing pure collagen. To understand the bottlenecks in printing pure collagen, it is imperative to understand collagen from a bottom‐up approach. Here it is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of collagen printing, where collagen assembly in vivo and the various sources of collagen available for TE application are first understood. Next, the current printing technologies and strategy for printing collagen‐based materials are highlighted. Considerations and key challenges faced in collagen printing are identified. Finally, the key research areas that would enhance the functionality of printed collagen are presented.
Anisotropic Bimetallic Core–Satellite–Poly(aniline) Nanohybrids for Detection of Autoantibodies
Authors: Hwang Eun Young , Lee Jae Hee , Lim Dong Woo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBimetallic core–satellite nanoparticles are widely exploited in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based applications due to their enhanced optical properties compared to single‐component metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). In addition, anisotropic hybrid nanostructures containing both MNPs and polymeric compartments constitute a new class of functional nanomaterials for photonic applications because they show different functionalities and physicochemical characteristics at two distinct compartments. Herein, synthesis of two kinds of anisotropic bimetallic core–satellite–poly(aniline) nanohybrids (ABCPNs) using small or polymeric ligand‐coated gold nanospheres or gold nanorods as seeds is reported. The ABCPNs exhibit enhanced optical properties due to a local electromagnetic field generated in the narrow interparticle gap between core and satellite nanoparticles. Furthermore, a SERS‐based quantitative analysis of autoantibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide using the ABCPNs as SERS nanoprobes for a diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis is demonstrated, suggesting that these multifunctional nanostructures will be potential for advanced SERS‐based biosensors.
MRI of [2‐13C]Lactate without J‐coupling artifacts
Authors: Datta Keshav , Spielman Daniel 
Published: October 2020

PurposeImaging of [2‐13C]lactate, a metabolic product of [2‐13C]pyruvate, is over considerable interest in hyperpolarized 13C studies. However, artifact‐free imaging of a J‐coupled nuclear spin species can be challenging due to the peak‐splitting induced by the spin‐spin interactions. In this work, two new techniques resolving these J‐modulated artifacts are presented.Theory and MethodsThe Product Operator Formalism (POF) of density matrix theory is used to both numerically and analytically derive the coherences arising during radiofrequency excitation and readout of a J‐coupled spin system. A combination of computer simulations and experiments with [2‐13C]lactate and 13C‐formate phantoms are then used to verify the performance of two imaging methods. In the first approach, a quadrature imaging technique is used to eliminate scalar coupling artifacts via the combination of in‐phase and quadrature images acquired at echo times differing by 1/2J with an echoplanar readout. The second approach employs a highly narrowband RF excitation pulse to image a single peak from the J‐coupled doublet.ResultsSimulations using a numerical Shepp‐Logan phantom, in vitro experiments using thermally polarized [2‐13C]lactate, thermally and hyperpolarized 13C‐formate phantoms, and in vivo imaging of [2‐13C]lactate produced in rat brain following injection of hyperpolarized [2‐13C]pyruvate show artifact‐free images and demonstrate potential utility of these methods.ConclusionThe quadrature imaging and the narrowband excitation techniques resolve the J‐coupling induced ghosting and blurring artifacts present with conventional MRI of J‐coupled signals such as [2‐13C]lactate.
Neuroanatomical underpinning of diffusion kurtosis measurements in the cerebral cortex of healthy macaque brains
Authors: Zhu Tianjia , Peng Qinmu , Ouyang Austin , Huang Hao 
Published: October 2020

PurposeTo investigate the neuroanatomical underpinning of healthy macaque brain cortical microstructure measured by diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), which characterizes non‐Gaussian water diffusion.MethodsHigh‐resolution DKI was acquired from 6 postmortem macaque brains. Neurofilament density (ND) was quantified based on structure tensor from neurofilament histological images of a different macaque brain sample. After alignment of DKI‐derived mean kurtosis (MK) maps to the histological images, MK and histology‐based ND were measured at corresponding regions of interests characterized by distinguished cortical MK values in the prefrontal/precentral‐postcentral and temporal cortices. Pearson correlation was performed to test significant correlation between these cortical MK and ND measurements.ResultsHeterogeneity of cortical MK across different cortical regions was revealed, with significantly and consistently higher MK measurements in the prefrontal/precentral‐postcentral cortex compared to those in the temporal cortex across all six scanned macaque brains. Corresponding higher ND measurements in the prefrontal/precentral‐postcentral cortex than in the temporal cortex were also found. The heterogeneity of cortical MK is associated with heterogeneity of histology‐based ND measurements, with significant correlation between cortical MK and corresponding ND measurements (P < .005).ConclusionThese findings suggested that DKI‐derived MK can potentially be an effective noninvasive biomarker quantifying underlying neuroanatomical complexity inside the cerebral cortical mantle for clinical and neuroscientific research.
Phase Angle Is an Independent Predictor of 6‐Month Mortality in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Saueressig Camila , Glasenapp Joana Hoch , Luft Vivian Cristine , Alves Fernanda Donner , Ferreira Pâmela Kremer , Hammes Thais Ortiz , Dall'Alba Valesca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the nutrition status through phase angle (PA) and its association with mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed with hospitalized decompensated cirrhotic patients. Nutrition status was assessed by PA, bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) within 72 hours of hospital admission. The best PA cutoff point for malnutrition diagnosis was determined by ROC curve analysis, considering the SGA as the reference standard. Predictors of 6‐month mortality were identified using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for Child‐Pugh and MELD scores, and hepatocellular carcinoma.ResultsThis study included 97 patients, 63% male (n = 61), with a mean age of 60.1 ± 10.3 years. The median follow‐up time of patients was 11.2 months (IQR, 2.4–21). Overall mortality was 58.8% (n = 57) and 6‐month mortality was 35.1% (n = 34). Nutrition assessment according to BIVA indicated a risk for cachexia and normal hydration. Patients with values of PA ≤5.52° were considered malnourished. Malnourished patients according to PA (58.8%, n = 57) had a higher risk of 6‐month mortality (HR = 3.44; 95% CI, 1.51–7.84; P = .003), and each increase of 1° in PA values was associated with a reduction of 53% in 6‐month mortality risk.ConclusionsThe PA is an independent predictor of 6‐month mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Therefore, PA may be useful to assess the nutrition status and identify patients at the highest risk of mortality in clinical practice.
The construction of the evaluation system of nurses' post‐training and the application of the system in 25 grade‐A general hospitals in China
Authors: Jiao Linlin , Sui Yuanda , Yang Guihua , Wang Pulin , Li Qiaofeng , Chen Junhong , Liu Lili , Yang Chunling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo make the evaluation more scientific, structured and systematic, this study aims to develop an evaluation index system for nurses training and to explore clinical effect of system.DesignThe evaluation index system of nurses’ post‐training was constructed using the Delphi method.MethodsIntroducing the system, we used the pre‐work training of new nurses as an example for discussing the specific implementation scheme of the system. Twenty‐five tertiary and first‐class general hospitals in 14 provinces and municipalities were evaluated on the spot, and the application effect of the system was evaluated comprehensively.ResultsThe index system consisted of three first‐grade indexes, seven second‐grade indexes and 23 third‐grade indexes. There were three levels in teaching and training ability, and the distance had statistical significance.
Kernel functions‐based approach for distributed order diffusion equations
Authors: Geng Fazhan , Wu Xinyuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, we solve distributed order diffusion equations (DODEs) by applying the theory on reproducing kernel functions (RKFs). The classical numerical quadrature formulae is used to approximate the DODE to a multi‐term Caputo fractional order diffusion equation (FDE). The Mittag‐Leffler RKF is introduced to estimate fractional derivatives of Caputo. And a space–time RKFs collocation scheme is derived for the multi‐term Caputo time FDEs. The accuracy of the present numerical technique is indicated by employing several experiments.