bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notes on Microanalytical Techniques in the Analysis of Foods for Extraneous Materials. Part II.
Authors: Brickey Paris M , Gecan John S , Thrasher Joel J , Vazquez Alberto W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The second paper in this series describes some useful and time-saving microanalytical techniques. Topics discussed include sealing of glass bottles, vial closures, and petri dishes, collaborative evaluation forms, permanent identification of metal and glass sample containers, shipping containers for breakable collaborative sample containers, new defatting procedure prior to light filth analysis, new filtration procedures, collection of live mites and insects from bulk food samples, and preparation and handling of microscopic exhibits of insect fragments and hairs.
Collaborative Study of a New Method for the Extraction of Light Filth from Soy Flour
Authors: Dent Russell G , Brunson Michael 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Collaborative results are presented for a proposed method for light filth extraction from soy flour. The method involves dispersion in saturated NaCl and isopropanol, wet sieving, and extraction with hot mineral oil from alcohol in a percolator. Average per cent recoveries of spiked elytral fragments and rodent hairs were 88.2 and 65.5, respectively, by the proposed method compared to 64.5 and 56, respectively, by official procedure 40.053. The existing procedure for soy flour is time-consuming because it requires an overnight enzymatic digestion and a hazardous petroleum ether defatting step. The proposed method eliminates both of these steps arid the analysis can be completed in 1–2 hr. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official first action to replace 40.053.
Collaborative Study of a Method for the Extraction of Light Filth from Wheat Gluten
Authors: Brickey Paris M , Gecan John S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the method described for the extraction of light filth from wheat gluten, the product is dispersed in an alcohol-acid solution and then boiled, with stirring. After boiling, the product is trapped off with mineral oil from an aqueous solution of 40% isopropanol in a Wildman trap flask. In the collaborative study reproducible counts and high recoveries of insect fragments and rodent hairs were obtained and the method was demonstrated to be rapid and easy to perform. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.
Method for Preparing Garlic Powder (Ground Dehydrated Garlic Bulbs) for Examination by the Howard Mold Count Method
Authors: Parran Hamilton M , Douglas Ruth G , Eisenberg William V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The official first action method for rot (based on mold count) of ground capsicums, 40.112, was applied to garlic powder. Although there is some variation in the collaborators’ mold counts, the method for preparation for mold count, when used by experienced microanalysts, is satisfactory for detecting the use of decomposed garlic bulbs in the preparation of the product. It is recommended that method 40.112 be adopted as official first action for determining rot in garlic powder.
Thin Layer Chromatographic Test for Mammalian Urine on Wheat
Authors: Thrasher Joel J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed for the detection of urine residues on wheat. The analysis involves acetone stripping of the wheat, ether cleanup of the extract, and detection by 2-dimensional TLC on cellulose MN 300; urea and allantoin, if present, are visible after spraying with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde followed by heating. The method permits differentiation between cat and rodent (rat and mouse) urine and, with only minor modifications of the general technique, appears to be applicable to other seeds and materials. It is recommended that the method be collaboratively studied.
Determination of Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and Related Compounds in Commercial Chlorophenols
Authors: Firestone David , Ress John , Brown N L , Barron R P , Damico J N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Twenty-one commercial chlorophenols were examined for the presence of polychlorodibenzo- p-dioxins (chlorodioxins) and related compounds. The chlorophenols were dissolved in aqueous alkali, extracted with petroleum ether, and fractionated on an alumina column. Alumina fractions were examined by electron capture gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chlorodioxin content was estimated by electron capture gas chromatography. The presence of chlorodioxins, polychlorodibenzofurans (chlorofurans), and polychlorodiphenyl ethers (chloroethers) was confirmed by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The 2,3,-7,8-tetrachlorodioxin was found in 3 of 6 samples of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol but was not detected in any of the 11 samples of tetra- and pentachlorophenol that were examined. Hexachlorodioxin was present at levels ranging from 0.17 to 39 ppm in all 8 pentachlorophenols examined. Hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorodioxins as well as a wide variety of chlorofurans and chloroethers of varying chlorine content were present in most of the tetra- and pentachlorophenols. In addition, the gas chromatographic- mass spectrometric data suggested that some of the chlorophenols contained methoxy- and dimethoxypolychlorofurans and methoxypolychloroethers as well as polychlorohy droxybiphenyl.
Derivative Method for Chemical Confirmation of Identity of Aflatoxin M1
Authors: Stack M E , Pohland A E , Dantzman J G , Nesheim S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A very sensitive chemical confirmatory test for aflatoxin M1, involving the formation of 2 derivatives, has been developed. One derivative is the acetate of M1 formed in a solution of acetic anhydride and pyridine. The other derivative is formed from the acetate, using water a n d HCl, and is probably the hemiacetal. The derivatives are detected as fluorescent spots on TLC. The derivatives have been formed and detected from 1 ng aflatoxin M1 and from M1 isolated from milk, urine, and mold culture
Assay of NF Ethylene by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Carson N Aubrey 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas chromatographic method, utilizing a 6′ × 1/4″ Poropak R column and a thermal conductivity detector, was developed for the analysis of NF ethylene. The sample was introduced into the gas chromatograph at atmospheric pressure, using a gas sampling valve with calibrated loop. A high purity standard gas was used for comparison. With the instrument set for optimum operating conditions the precision for multiple injections of standard gas was excellent. The assay value of a sample was found to be 99.7%, when determined on 3 separate days. A collaborative study of the method is recommended.
Modification of Present Procedures for the Determination of Conjugated Estrogens (Equine) in Various Low-Dosage Forms
Authors: Allen Richard G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The presently used procedures for the colorimetric determination of conjugated estrogens (equine) have been modified for the assay of tablets, capsules, liquids, and creams of low declaration per dosage unit. Modifications in sample chromatographic column preparation and elution have provided a more efficient extraction of the steroids.
A Study of Testing Methods for the Detection of Defects in Disposable Latex and Plastic Glovse
Authors: Ballbach Ray L , Beavin Paul , Walters Stephen M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Several testing methods for the detection of holes in disposable gloves intended for medical use were investigated. An air inflation method was developed which proved to be the most sensitive and reliable. A survey of the quality of commercially available disposable latex and plastic gloves was conducted in which the air inflation method was compared with the pinhole testing procedure prescribed in the Department of Defense specifications for disposable gloves. The air inflation method gave more reliable results.
Flame Ionization Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Antioxidants in Vegetable Oil
Authors: Stoddard Ellen E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A procedure is described which is suitable for the analysis of the 2 isomers of butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxy toluene, monotert- butylhydroquinone, n-propyl gallate, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid. The method described is sensitive to 0.05 ng. The antioxidants are extracted from n-hexane with acetonitrile and 80% ethanol. Butylated hydroxytoluene is eluted from Florisil (3% deactivated) with n-hexane saturated with acetonitrile and containing 2% ethanol. Quantitation of the antioxidants is performed by gas chromatographic analysis of the trimethylsilyl derivatives, using methyl pentadecanoate as the internal standard. Identity is confirmed by thin layer chromatography, employing the 2-dimensional solvent system described by Sahasrabudhe. Recoveries range from 67 to 100%.
Campesterol and β-Sitosterol Content of Some Vegetable Oils
Authors: Thorpe Charles W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The free and total campesterol and β-sitosterol content of 48 samples of crude and refined corn, cottonseed, soybean, and peanut oils are reported. The results show that the ratio of β-sitosterol to campesterol may be used to identify an individual oil and tend to confirm that sterols are lost during refining of the crude oils. It is recommended that the official method, 28.081-28.088, modified for the analysis of campesterol and β-sitosterol be collaboratively studied.
Collaborative Study of the Babcock, Mojonnier, and Foss Milko-Tester Methods for Measuring Fat in Milk
Authors: Shipe W F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In a second collaborative study, the Milkotester was compared with the Babcock and Mojonnier methods. The standard deviations for these methods were 0.020, 0.038, and 0.053%, respectively. These deviations are based on the results of 4 laboratories that tested 6 samples in triplicate by each method. There were appreciable interlaboratory differences, whereas the intralaboratory differences were relatively small. The standard deviations of differences between the Milko-tester and Babcock, the IMilko-tester and Mojonnier, and the Babcock and Mojonnier were 0.08, 0.09, and 0.11%, respectively. The standard deviations of the results from 5 Mark II and 5 automatic Milko-testers were 0.022 and 0.013%, respectively.
Collaborative Study of Moisture in Cheese by Gas Chromatography and by Karl Fischer Titrimetry
Authors: Strange Theron E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Moisture in cheese is determined by extracting the sample in a blender with 2-propanol, followed by gas chromatography on a Porapak Q column with thermal conductivity detection, or by Karl Fischer titration. The results of a collaborative study by 5 laboratories show that both procedures give more accurate values than does 16.192, but with less precision.
Collaborative Study of a New Method for the Extraction of Light Filth from White Flour
Authors: Miller Mary T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new method for the separation of light filth from white flour is based on an autoclave-acid hydrolysis, followed by separation of light fdth elements with mineral oil in a Corning or Kilborn separator. This method is rapid and gives clean papers and good recoveries. The method has been adopted as official first action, to replace 40.045 and 40.046 for extraction of light filth from white flour.
Malathion Absorption, Translocation, and Conversion to Malaoxon in Bean Plants
Authors: El-Refai Ali , Hopkins T L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Malathion deposits on bean plant leaves, Phaseolus vulgaris, decreased 50% in 2 days under controlled environmental conditions. The decrease was initially more rapid from leaves than from glass surfaces, due to combined evaporation and absorption, but later the cuticular residues became more persistent. Five per cent of the malathion deposit was absorbed within a few minutes after application to bean leaves and declined to 0.4% by 10 days. Malathion degradation products accumulating on both glass and leaf surfaces were similar and included small amounts of malaoxon and an unknown cholinesterase inhibitor. Malathion is not translocated to any great extent in bean plants, but penetrates from the surface into the interior of the leaf and also from a nutrient solution into the root. Small malaoxon residues also accumulated in roots and foliage.
Collaborative Study of a Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Diethylcarbonate in Wine
Authors: Kahn Heinrich Wunderlich 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas-liquid chromatographic method for diethylcarhcmate in wine was collaboratively studied in the spring of 1971. Twelve collaborators were sent 4 samples of wine in duplicate, containing 0, 1, 5, and 10 p pm diethylcarbonate . Results were obtained from 10 laboratories. Values for Sb2 were 0.83, 0.33, 0.62, a n d 4.65, respectively. The method has been adopted as official first action for t h e determination of 0-10 p pm diethylcarbonate in wine.
Collaborative Study of the Direct Bisulfite Method for the Determination of Aldehydes in Brandy and Wine Spirits: American Society of Enologists-AOAC Joint Report
Authors: Guymon James F , Wright Dawson L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The determination of free and total aldehydes in brandy and wine spirits by using the direct bisulfite titration method of Guymon and Crowell was studied collaboratively by t he Technical Projects Committee of the American Society of Enologists. Titration with standard iodine solution in alkaline medium is used to measure the released bisulfite which had been bound directly to aldehydes, therefore avoiding errors due to sulfites already present. The method distinguishes between the free forms of aldehydes and those acetalized with alcohol by a simple change in sequence of reagent additions so as to provide for a n acid hydrolysis of acetals when total aldehydes are determined. Five samples of beverage brandyor wine spirits were used for the study for which the means of total aldehydes reported ranged from 0.64 to 26.4 g/100 L. The results indicate that the method gives good accuracy and precision. The method has been adopted as official first action for the direct determination of aldehydes in brandy and wine spirits.
Proposed Technique for the Determination of Both Moisture and Fat in the Same Sample of Meat or Meat Product
Authors: Cohen Edward H , Kimmelman Charles P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The moisture content of ground meat, processed frankfurters, and uncooked pork sausage mixtures was determined within a 15-30 min time period and with a minimum of 95% recovery of moisture. Selective solvents, such as octane, nonane, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and cumenc were evaluated. After removal of the moisture, the residue in the flask was sampled for the fat content . A 20 ml aliquot of the cooled total solution was removed, transferred to a tared vessel, and evaporated at its boiling point under a stream of nitrogen. The oil residue was weighed and calculated as percent fat. Recoveries of fat ranged from 95 to 100% for all solvents and meat products tested except for the uncooked pork sausage mixture. The latter product yielded 80–91% recovery of fat for all solvents. To obtain a 95–100% recovery from the uncooked pork sausage mixture required an additional 15–30 min digestion. The tim e required for fat determinations was from 15–30 min, depending upon the boiling point of the solvent.
Collaborative Study of the Determination of Phosphorus in Gelatin, Dessert Preparations, and Mixes
Authors: Burkepile Roger G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study of the proposed method for phosphorus in gelatin, dessert preparations, and mixes has been conducted. The present AOAC method for phosphorus in fertilizers, 2.023–2.025(a), was modified for this study. Preliminary work by the Associate Referee involving 4 phosphorus standard samples compared the proposed method with the official final action AOAC method for gelatin, 23.004. Additionally, phosphorus standard spikes in gelatin at the 1 and 10 mg P2O5, levels were determined by the proposed method. The proposed method is faster and more sensitive than the official method and is as accurate. Five collaborators and the Associate Referee analyzed 4 prepared samples containing various levels of phosphorus by the proposed method. The standard deviations varied from 0.005 for a 225 Bloom gelatin containing an average of 0.273% P2O5 to 0.016 for a strawberry-flavored commercial gelatin with added lecithin containing an average of 0.110% P2O5. The proposed method has been adopted as official first action to replace 23.004, which was repealed, official first action.
Utilization of the Westöö Procedure for the Determination of Methyl Mercury in Fish by Gas-Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Kamps Laverne R , McMahon Bernadette 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The procedure developed by Westöö for the determination of (mono) methyl mercury in fish is elucidated. The sample is homogenized with water and acidified with HCl and the methyl mercury chloride is partitioned into benzene. The benzene phase is partitioned with a cysteine solution to provide cleanup. The cysteine is then acidified and methyl mercury chloride is again partitioned into benzene and determined by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. Results are corrected for incomplete partitioning. Recovery of methyl mercury chloride through the partitioning steps is shown to be reproducible. Westoo’s use of mercuric chloride to verify results is substantiated. The normal limit of detection of the method is 0.08 ppm methyl mercury chloride with provisions for detectirg as little as 0.02 ppm.
Ion Exchange Method for the Separation and Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Sympathomimetic Amines, Antihistamines, and Phenothiazines in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Smith Donald J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An ion exchange procedure has been developed for the separation and quantitative analysis of 32 drugs in various combinations: (a) promethazine HCl with codeine phosphate and potassium guaiacolsulfonate; (b) phenylephrine or phenylpropanolamine HCl with (1) dextromethorphan HBr, potassium guaiacolsulfonate, chlorpheniramine maleate, and/or pyrilamine maleate; (2) dextromethorphan HBr, glyceryl guaiacolate, chlorpheniramine maleate, and/or pyrilamine maleate; (3) dextromethorphan HBr and potassium guaiacolsulfonate; (4) dextromethorphan HBr and glyceryl guaiacolate; (5) dextromethorphan HBr and antihistamine; (6) antihistamine and glyceryl guaiacolsulfonate; (7) antihistamine and potassium guaiacolsulfonate; (8) dextromethorphan HBr; (9) glyceryl guaiacolate; (10) potassium guaiacolsulfonate; (c) promethazine HCl with (1) codeine phosphate or (2) phenylephrine HCl; (d) codeine phosphate and potassium guaiacolsulfonate; (e) chlorpromazine HCl, promazine HCl, or promethazine HCl; (f) phenylephrine HCl; (g) codeine phosphate; (h) perphenazine HCl alone or with amitriptyline HCl; (i) ephedrine sulfate with phenobarbital, theophylline, and glyceryl guaiacolate; (j) l-epinephrine bitartrate alone or with antihistamine; (k) procaine HCl, procainamide HCl, procaine isobutyrate, or tetracaine HCl; (l) quinine sulfate with aminophylline; (m) dextromethorphan HBr with (1) terpin hydrate; (2) antihistamine; (3) potassium guaiacolsulfonate; (4) glyceryl guaiacolate; and (n) atropine sulfate or honiatropine methylbromide.
The nitrogenous bases are separated from the excipients by retention on a sulfonated polystyrene resin column. These basic compounds are eluted from the column with the appropriate concentration of HCl and are determined by UV; absorption. The organic acids are retained on the quaternary ammonium anion resin. The acidic compounds are eluted from the columns with the appropriate concentration of HCl and determined by I’V absorption. Average recoveries ranged from 98.6 to 101% in the absence of excipients and 95.8 to 102% with excipients present. The method is recommended for collaborative study.
Collaborative Study of a Method for the Determination of Commercial Sterility of Low-Acid Canned Foods
Authors: Dexxy C B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A microbiological method for examining canned foods for commercial sterility to minimize contamination by the individual laboratory worker has been developed. Previous comparative tests by 7 laboratories and an earlier collaborative test with 9 food laboratories had shown considerable laboratory contamination, but had provided useful information as to appropriate apparatus, reagents, and procedures. Simple baud washing with soap was compared with the following procedure: hand and face washing, followed by washing of hands and face with a detergent sanitizer solution, and the wearing of a disposable operating room cap. Persons with beards, mustaches, or sideburns below the ear lobe were not permitted to perform the test. Eight specially prepared commercial cans of salmon were examined by 12 collaborating laboratories; 4 were examined after the simple hand washing procedure and 4 by the double washing and head-cover technique. Results showed that 25% of the laboratories experienced laboratory contamination by using only simple hand washing as compared to 0% using the double washing and head-cover technique. The microbiological method, including the double washing and head-cover technique, has been adopted as official first action.
Comparison of Aliquot and Complete Sample Procedure for the Determination of Nicotine in Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Pillsbury H C , Bright C C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two methods for determination of nicotine in cigarette smoke have been compared : distillation of a complete sample vs. distillation of an aliquot. For the evaluation of these methods, monitor cigarettes or cigarettes from cartons with the same packing codes purchased from a local store were used for each test set. The cigarettes were conditioned, selected, and smoked according to the official method published by the Federal Trade Commission. Because both isopropanol and dioxane are used as solvents, tests were conducted using both solvents; it was found that there was no difference in the results. Cigarettes for both methods were smoked at the same time and those from alternate ports were assayed for nicotine by the aliquot method. From the results obtained, it appears that nicotine is completely recovered when the entire pad, the quarter pad, and the extraction solution are distilled together. If an aliquot of one phase is to be used, it must be determined that the soughtafter substance is homogeneously distributed throughout all phases.
Fatty Acid Composition of Tomato Seed Oil
Authors: Tsatsaronis G C , Boskou D G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The fatty acid composition of the oil extracted from tomato seeds was determined by GLC. A urea fractionation procedure and preparative GLC were used to detect esters present in small or trace amounts. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids were predominant. Odd- and even-chain length saturated acids from C12-C28 were present. Hexadecenoic, heptadecenoic, and eicosenoic acids were also detected. Minor chromatographic peaks preceding some of the saturated esters were attributed to branched acids.
Dry-Ashing Egg Shells for Determining Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus Levels
Authors: Wright Fred C , Riner Jayme C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for the determination of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in a single egg shell sample is given. Egg shell samples were dry-ashed 16 hr at 700°C. The ash was dissolved in HCl. After suitable dilution, the calcium and magnesium levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The phosphorus level was determined by a colorimetric procedure. Average calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels were 365, 4.0, and 1.05 mg/g shell, respectively.