bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spillover effects in spatial models: Generalizations and extensions
Authors: Kelejian Harry , Piras Gianfranco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider two different cases of spillover effects: the first is a case where the model does not contain any additional endogenous regressors. Related to this, we give a variance formula that can be used to make inference for estimated spillover effects. In the second case, we extend the discussion of spillover effects to a model containing additional endogenous variables. We suggest approximations to the spillover effects that according to the results of our Monte Carlo experiment are quite accurate. However, our variance formula can not be determined unless the equations of the entire system are known. Suggestions for approximations in this case are left for future research.
A large real‐world cohort study examining the effects of long‐term entecavir on hepatocellular carcinoma and HBsAg seroclearance
Authors: Ko Kwan‐Lung , To Wai‐Pan , Mak Lung‐Yi , Seto Wai‐Kay , Ning Qin , Fung James , Lai Ching‐Lung , Yuen Man‐Fung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReal‐world studies examining reduction in risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients receiving antivirals are limited by the small size of the studies, or by data insufficiency and heterogeneity with short follow‐up duration. We aimed to examine the real‐world long‐term outcome of patients receiving entecavir treatment on HCC incidence and HBsAg seroclearance. The incidence of HCC in 1225 entecavir‐treated patients between 2002 and 2015 was compared with the HCC incidence estimated using the REACH‐B, GAG‐HCC and CU‐HCC scores. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated. The impact of entecavir treatment on HBsAg seroclearance was also explored. The median follow‐up of the cohort was 6.6 years, with 66 cases of HCC development. Using the REACH‐B model, the reduction of HCC risk was significant from year 6 onwards with SIR of 0.68 (95% CI 0.535‐0.866) at year 10. In subgroup patients without cirrhosis, consistent risk reduction was observed from the fifth year and the SIR reached 0.51 (95% CI 0.271‐0.704) by year 10. Benefit in cirrhotic patients was demonstrated when using the GAG‐HCC and CU‐HCC score, with the SIR at year 10 being 0.38 (95% CI 0.259‐0.544) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.314‐0.659), respectively. The cumulative rate of HBsAg seroclearance was 5.2%. HBsAg level at third year of treatment and baseline‐to‐3‐year percentage reduction was predictive of subsequent HBsAg seroclearance. In conclusion, long‐term entecavir therapy was associated with significant reduction in the risk of HCC in the real world. However, HBsAg seroclearance rate remained low. Additional therapy may be considered in patients with adverse predictive factors for subsequent HBsAg seroclearance.
Phenotype is sustained during hospital readmissions following treatment for complicated severe malnutrition among Kenyan children: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gonzales Gerard Bryan , Ngari Moses M. , Njunge James M. , Thitiri Johnstone , Mwalekwa Laura , Mturi Neema , Mwangome Martha K. , Ogwang Caroline , Nyaguara Amek , Berkley James A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHospital readmission is common among children with complicated severe acute malnutrition (cSAM) but not well‐characterised. Two distinct cSAM phenotypes, marasmus and kwashiorkor, exist, but their pathophysiology and whether the same phenotype persists at relapse are unclear. We aimed to test the association between cSAM phenotype at index admission and readmission following recovery. We performed secondary data analysis from a multicentre randomised trial in Kenya with 1‐year active follow‐up. The main outcome was cSAM phenotype upon hospital readmission. Among 1,704 HIV‐negative children with cSAM discharged in the trial, 177 children contributed a total of 246 readmissions with cSAM. cSAM readmission was associated with age<12 months (p = .005), but not site, sex, season, nor cSAM phenotype. Of these, 42 children contributed 44 readmissions with cSAM that occurred after a monthly visit when SAM was confirmed absent (cSAM relapse). cSAM phenotype was sustained during cSAM relapse. The adjusted odds ratio for presenting with kwashiorkor during readmission after kwashiorkor at index admission was 39.3 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) [2.69, 1,326]; p = .01); and for presenting with marasmus during readmission after kwashiorkor at index admission was 0.02 (95% CI [0.001, 0.037]; p = .01). To validate this finding, we examined readmissions to Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya occurring at least 2 months after an admission with cSAM. Among 2,412 children with cSAM discharged alive, there were 206 readmissions with cSAM. Their phenotype at readmission was significantly influenced by their phenotype at index admission (p < .001). This is the first report describing the phenotype and rate of cSAM recurrence.
Enterococcus faecalis MalR acts as a repressor of the maltose operons and additionally mediates their catabolite repression via direct interaction with seryl‐phosphorylated‐HPr
Authors: Grand Maxime , Blancato Victor Sebastián , Espariz Martín , Deutscher Josef , Pikis Andreas , Hartke Axel , Magni Christian , Sauvageot Nicolas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEnterococci are gram‐positive pathogens and lead to cause hospital‐acquired infections worldwide. Central carbon metabolism was shown as highly induced in Enterococcus faecalis during infection context. Metabolism of α‐polysaccharides was previously described as an important factor for host colonisation and biofilm formation. A better characterisation of the adaptation of this bacterium to carbohydrate availabilities may lead to a better understanding of the link between carbohydrate metabolism and the infection process of E. faecalis. Here we show that MalR, a LacI/GalR transcriptional regulator, is the main factor in the regulation of the two divergent operons involved in maltose metabolism in this bacterium. The malR gene is transcribed from the malP promoter, but also from an internal promoter inside the gene located upstream of malR. In the absence of maltose, MalR acts as a repressor and in the presence of glucose, it exerts efficient CcpA‐independent carbon catabolite repression. The central PTS protein P‐Ser‐HPr interacts directly with MalR and enhances its DNA binding capacity, which allows E. faecalis to adapt its metabolism to environmental conditions.
The effector GpRbp‐1 of Globodera pallida targets a nuclear HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase to modulate gene expression in the host
Authors: Diaz‐Granados Amalia , Sterken Mark G. , Overmars Hein , Ariaans Roel , Holterman Martijn , Pokhare Somnath S. , Yuan Yulin , Pomp Rikus , Finkers‐Tomczak Anna , Roosien Jan , Slootweg Erik , Elashry Abdenaser , Grundler Florian M.W. , Xiao Fangming , Goverse Aska , Smant Geert 
Published: November 2019

SummaryPlant‐parasitic nematodes secrete effectors that manipulate plant cell morphology and physiology to achieve host invasion and establish permanent feeding sites. Effectors from the highly expanded SPRYSEC (SPRY domain with a signal peptide for secretion) family in potato cyst nematodes have been implicated in activation and suppression of plant immunity, but the mechanisms underlying these activities remain largely unexplored. To study the host mechanisms used by SPRYSEC effectors, we identified plant targets of GpRbp‐1 from the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida. Here, we show that GpRbp‐1 interacts in yeast and in planta with a functional potato homologue of the Homology to E6‐AP C‐Terminus (HECT)‐type ubiquitin E3 ligase UPL3, which is located in the nucleus. Potato lines lacking StUPL3 are not available, but the Arabidopsis mutant upl3‐5 displaying a reduced UPL3 expression showed a consistently small but not significant decrease in susceptibility to cyst nematodes. We observed a major impact on the root transcriptome by the lower levels of AtUPL3 in the upl3‐5 mutant, but surprisingly only in association with infections by cyst nematodes. To our knowledge, this is the first example that a HECT‐type ubiquitin E3 ligase is targeted by a pathogen effector and that a member of this class of proteins specifically regulates gene expression under biotic stress conditions. Together, our data suggest that GpRbp‐1 targets a specific component of the plant ubiquitination machinery to manipulate the stress response in host cells.
To rub or not to rub? – effective rigid contact lens cleaning
Authors: Cho Pauline , Poon Hoi Ying , Chen Chia Ching , Yuon Lien Tao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare the efficacy of cleaning of rigid contact lenses using two care solutions with and without rubbing.MethodsA masked randomised trial was conducted. The cleaning efficacy of two solutions recommended for rigid contact lenses, a one‐step hydrogen peroxide solution (HP) and a povidone iodine‐based solution (PI), were evaluated on 64 unworn orthokeratology (ortho‐k) lenses subsequent to cleaning with rubbing (R) with a surfactant cleaner or without rubbing (NR). Either mascara or hand cream was applied as a contaminant to the lenses to simulate stubborn and loosely bounded deposits, respectively. For each type of deposit, the lenses were randomly assigned to four cleaning treatments: R with HP, NR with HP, R with PI, and NR with PI (n = 8 for each group). Each lens surface was assessed on site by a masked examiner under a low‐magnification slit‐lamp and with photo‐documentation. Lenses were graded according to the deposit coverage area using a pre‐set five‐point scale [0 (<20% coverage) − 4 (>80% coverage)].ResultsFor stubborn deposits (mascara), NR failed to remove deposits from 94% of lenses, whilst R removed more than 80% of deposits from 63% of the lenses. For oily deposits, 25% of NR lenses had >80% coverage, whilst only one R lens had 60–80% coverage, with 19% having 40–60% coverage, and 38% with either 20–40% or <20%. Rubbing improved lens cleanliness for both types of deposits, but only reached statistical significance for the stubborn deposit group. There were no significant differences between the solutions.ConclusionNot Rubbing and using either HP or PI solutions, is not effective in removing stubborn deposits from ortho‐k lenses. It is essential to rub lenses when cleaning rigid lenses to ensure optimal lens hygiene for ocular health, especially as rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses are intended to be reused for at least a year before replacement. Rubbing with a daily cleaner should be included in the instructions for use of the solutions tested for rigid lenses and practitioners should be encouraged to emphasise the importance of rubbing in lens care.
Challenging Surgical Treatment of Displaced Articular Tibial Plateau Fractures: Do Early Knee Radiographic Features Have a Predictive Value of the Mid‐Term Clinical Functional Outcomes?
Authors: Biz Carlo , Maso Giacomo , Gambato Marisa , Belluzzi Elisa , Pozzuoli Assunta , Favero Marta , Vigo Marco , Ruggieri Pietro 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate mid‐term radiographic and functional outcomes of tibial plateau fracture (TPF) patients treated with the open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) technique and to find predictive factors of clinical outcomes.MethodsA retrospective, single‐center study was performed enrolling a consecutive series of patients with diagnosis of TPF. All subjects were treated by ORIF between January 2010 and December 2015 at our level‐1 healthcare trauma center. The inclusion criteria were: age between 18 and 75 years; ORIF technique used for articular TPF, type 41‐B and 41‐C, isolated or with associated injuries. The patients were divided in two groups, according to fracture patterns and compared. Their characteristics, radiographic and clinical outcomes were recorded. Radiographs 12 months after surgery were evaluated for reduction and alignment, and radiographs at 24 months to describe post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Functional outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), the Short Form 36 (SF‐36), the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), and the American Knee Society score (AKSS) questionnaires. Return to work and sport activities were also investigated. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed, and the statistical significance was defined as two‐tailed P < 0.05.ResultsForty‐five patients were included, 29 males and 16 females; the mean age was 54.5 years. The mean follow‐up was 57.18 months (range, 26–94). There were AO 41‐B fractures (partial articular fractures) in more than half of the patients (66.67%), while the remaining 15 had AO 41‐C fractures (complete articular fractures). The sub‐type AO 41‐B3 was the most common, reported in 62.22% of patients. The mean KOOS score was 69.0. Mean AKSS and SF‐36 PCS scores were 79.0 and 41.4, respectively. There were significant relationships between age and functional results (KOOS ADL, Sport, QoL, and SF‐36 PCS) and between BMI and KOOS Pain, ADL, Sport, and QoL. No differences were found between the two types of fractures regarding quality of reduction and alignment. AO 41‐C TPF tend to develop PTOA more frequently with respect to 41‐B fractures, while type AO 41‐C TPF had the worst clinical outcomes. We found that the presence of an articular step‐off and the malalignment of the tibial axis after surgery were predictive of daily pain felt by patients. PTOA was predictive of a worse AKSS. The overall complication rate was 13.33%: 1 superficial wound infection, 1 deep vein thrombosis, and 4 cases of transitory deficit of the common peroneal nerve.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that early radiographic features may be predictive for pain perceived by patients at mid‐term follow‐up.
Disseminated bullous impetigo and atopic dermatitis: Case series and literature review
Authors: Mannschreck Diana , Feig Jessica , Selph Jaqueline , Cohen Bernard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundBullous impetigo (BI) is a common skin infection of early childhood, resulting from desmoglein‐1 cleavage by Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins. Due to compromised barrier function and immune dysregulation, children with atopic dermatitis (AD) are at increased risk of cutaneous infections, yet no literature has been published on disseminated bullous impetigo (DBI) in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). We sought to explore the atopic phenotypes, antibiotic sensitivities, and treatment courses of children diagnosed with disseminated bullous impetigo at our institution.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case series of 12 children diagnosed with disseminated bullous impetigo at Johns Hopkins from 12/2016 to 5/2017.ResultsEleven children (92%) had severe AD. All children were initially misdiagnosed; the majority (67%) were misdiagnosed with AD flares, and other misdiagnoses included scabies, eczema herpeticum, ecthyma, varicella, and eczema coxsackium. All cultures were positive for methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Three children (25%) had clindamycin‐resistant strains of MSSA, and only one child was positive for both MSSA and methicillin‐resistant S aureus. All children were treated with systemic antibiotics and experienced resolution of symptoms within 24‐48 hours.ConclusionsThis case series is the first of its kind exploring children with DBI with the atopic diathesis. Our results indicate that DBI is often misdiagnosed, and increased training is likely needed for pediatricians, emergency room physicians, and dermatologists. Earlier diagnosis of bullous impetigo may prevent dissemination and spare a patient treatment with systemic antibiotics. Given the high rate of clindamycin resistance observed in this series, we recommend cephalosporins to treat uncomplicated cases of DBI.
Pediatric Kaposi's sarcoma associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Silva Leandro , Azurara Laura , Monteiro Ana Filipe , Miroux-Catarino Alexandre , Amaro Cristina , Viana Isabel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) represents paradoxical immune‐mediated inflammation in response to an infecting pathogen, occurring after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), concomitantly with immune system recovery. It has also been described in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). We report a case of a 9‐year‐old Guinean girl, who developed Kaposi's sarcoma, following introduction of ART. KS associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is rare, especially in children, but with the increased use of ART is becoming more prevalent.
Metropolitan Geographies of Advanced Producer Services: Centrality and Concentration in Brussels
Authors: Waiengnier Maëlys , Van Hamme Gilles , Hendrikse Reijer , Bassens David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe literature on global and world cities points towards a growing concentration of advanced producer services (APS) firms in a restricted number of cities, who execute strategic command and control functions over globalised capitalism. However, relatively little attention has been paid to how APS are located within such cities. We argue that APS locations within cities are related to two partly independent processes: localisation economies and centralisation dynamics, which result in patterns of concentration and centrality superimposed on socio‐historical constructions of urban space. Utilising data from a national company register, we analyse the local insertion of APS firms in the Brussels’ metropolitan area in light of these two processes. The outcome reveals that only some of Brussels’ APS firms are concentrated and central, which we suggest to be the most strategic and internationalised APS functions.
Validation of simple prediction algorithms to consistently achieve CD3+ and postselection CD34+ targets with leukapheresis
Authors: Yoon Edward J. , Zhang Jiahao , Weinberg Rona S. , Brochstein Joel A. , Nandi Vijay , Sachais Bruce S. , Shi Patricia A. 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUNDCellular therapies using engineered T cells, haploidentical transplants, and autologous gene therapy are increasing. Specified CD3+ or high CD34+ doses are typically required for subsequent manufacturing, manipulation, or CD34+ selection. Simple, practical, and reliable lymphocyte and hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) collection algorithms accounting for subsequent CD34+ selection have not been published.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn this analysis of 15 haploidentical donors undergoing tandem lymphocyte and HPC collections, we validated one‐step, practical prediction algorithms (Appendix S1, available as supporting information in the online version of this paper) that use conservative facility‐specific collection efficiencies, CD34+ selection efficiency, and donor‐specific peripheral counts to reliably achieve the target CD3+ and CD34+ product doses. These algorithms expand on our previously published work regarding predictive HPC collection algorithms.RESULTSNinety‐three percent of lymphocyte and 93% of CD34+ collections achieved the final target CD3+ and CD34+ product dose when our algorithm‐calculated process volumes were used. Linear regression analysis of our algorithms for CD3+, preselection CD34+, and postselection CD34+ showed statistically significant models with R2 of 0.80 (root mean square error [RMSE], 31.3), 0.72 (RMSE, 385.7), and 0.56 (RMSE, 326.0), respectively, all with p values less than 0.001.CONCLUSIONBecause achievement of CD3+ or CD34+ dose targets may be critical for safety and efficacy of cell therapies, these simple, practical, and reliable prediction algorithms for lymphocyte and HPC collections should be very useful for collection facilities.
Evaluation of post‐thaw CFU‐GM: clinical utility and role in quality assessment of umbilical cord blood in patients receiving single unit transplant
Authors: Hussein Eiman , DeFor Todd , Wagner John E. , Sumstad Darin , Brunstein Claudio G. , McKenna David H. 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUNDThe CFU assay is considered the only in vitro assay that assesses the biologic function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTo investigate the impact of post‐thaw CFU‐GM counts on the quality of umbilical cord blood (UCB), we studied transplant outcomes in 269 patients receiving single UCB transplant. We also correlated the post‐thaw CFU‐GM counts of 1912 units with the pre‐freeze and post‐thaw graft characteristics, hoping to optimize selection criteria of UCB. Data analysis included: total nucleated cells, viability, CD34+, nucleated red blood cells (NRBC), hematocrit, frozen storage time, and cord blood bank (CBB).RESULTSWe demonstrated an association between post‐thaw CFU‐GM dose and the speed of neutrophil and platelet engraftment (p < 0.01). Higher post‐thaw CFU‐GM dose showed an increased benefit for neutrophil and platelet engraftment (p < 0.01). Post‐thaw CD34+ cell dose and CFU‐GM dose were strongly correlated (r = 0.78). However, CFU‐GM dose showed additional benefit for patients receiving the lowest quartile of CD34+ dose. HLA disparity did not adversely impact either neutrophil or platelet engraftment.Post‐thaw CFU‐GM/million nucleated cells plated showed moderate correlation with pre‐freeze and post‐thaw CD34+ and weak correlation with other parameters. Post‐thaw CFU‐GM was not influenced by storage time, but was impacted by the CBB from which the unit is obtained (p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONPost‐thaw CFU‐GM is an effective measure of the quality and efficacy of the UCB graft, particularly adding valuable clinical information when the CD34+ cell dose is low. Consideration of pre‐freeze CD34+ cell content and CBB as additional selection criteria is warranted.
Translingual English, Facebook, and gay identities
Authors: Dovchin Sender 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses the role of English in ‘enacting one's sexuality’ or ‘gendered identities’ in the Facebook practices of gay Mongolian men. Drawing on digital ethnographic studies, the study aims to illustrate how the role of English needs to be understood from the sophisticated complexities of ‘translingual English’ authored by Facebook users. It presents how Mongolian Facebook users are frequently involved with translingual English practices through their extensive relocalization of variable resources, including English, Mongolian, and other forms of codes, modes, styles, repertoires, and genres. The study also demonstrates how translingual English users deploy Facebook as a highly potent site and formula for the construction and performance of their ‘sexuality.’
Beneficial Influence of Mindfulness Training Promoted by Text Messages on Self-Reported Aerobic Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Robin Nicolas , Toussaint Lucette , Sinnapah Stéphane , Hue Olivier , Coudevylle Guillaume R. 
Published: November 2019

Inactivity is known to have harmful effects on the physical and mental health of older adults. This study used a randomized, parallel trial design to evaluate whether daily text prompts to practice mindfulness would have a positive impact on the time that adults aged 50 years or older spend in aerobic physical activity. The participants were recruited from a certified fitness center and divided into mindfulness and control groups. For 4 weeks, they were exposed to the experimental conditions, with or without the morning text message. In the morning message condition, the mindfulness groups received a text message with the instruction to practice audio-guided mindfulness for 10 min, and the control group received a placebo message. The participants practicing mindfulness reported significantly more weekly minutes of aerobic physical activity and higher intrinsic motivation than the control participants. Mindfulness training was effective at increasing aerobic physical activity duration and might complement physical activity programs.