bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of a Hand-Held Scanner for Breast Cancer Early Detection and Patient Triage
Authors: Clanahan Julie M. , Reddy Sanjana , Broach Robyn B. , Rositch Anne F. , Anderson Benjamin O. , Wileyto E. Paul , Englander Brian S. , Brooks Ari D. 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSEGlobally, breast cancer represents the most common cause of cancer death among women. Early cancer diagnosis is difficult in low- and middle-income countries, most of which are unable to support population-based mammographic screening. Triage on the basis of clinical breast examination (CBE) alone can be difficult to implement. In contrast, piezo-electric palpation (intelligent Breast Exam [iBE]) may improve triage because it is portable, low cost, has a short learning curve, and provides electronic documentation for additional diagnostic workup. We compared iBE and CBE performance in a screening patient cohort from a Western mammography center.METHODSWomen presenting for screening or diagnostic workup were enrolled and underwent iBE then CBE, followed by mammography. Mammography was classified as negative (BI-RADS 1 or 2) or positive (BI-RADS 3, 4, or 5). Measures of accuracy and κ score were calculated.RESULTSBetween April 2015 and May 2017, 516 women were enrolled. Of these patients, 486 completed iBE, CBE, and mammography. There were 101 positive iBE results, 66 positive CBE results, and 35 positive mammograms. iBE and CBE demonstrated moderate agreement on categorization (κ = 0.53), but minimal agreement with mammography (κ = 0.08). iBE had a specificity of 80.3% and a negative predictive value of 94%. In this cohort, only five of 486 patients had a malignancy; iBE and CBE identified three of these five. The two cancers missed by both modalities were small—a 3-mm retro-areolar and a 1-cm axillary tail.CONCLUSIONiBE performs comparably to CBE as a triage tool. Only minimal cancers detected through mammographic screening were missed on iBE. Ultimately, our data suggest that iBE and CBE can synergize as triage tools to significantly reduce the numbers of patients who need additional diagnostic imaging in resource-limited areas.
Model-Based Characterization of the Pharmacokinetics, Target Engagement Biomarkers, and Immunomodulatory Activity of PF-06342674, a Humanized mAb Against IL-7 Receptor-α, in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Williams Jason H. , Udata Chandrasekhar , Ganguly Bishu J. , Bucktrout Samantha L. , Joh Tenshang , Shannon Megan , Wong Gilbert Y. , Levisetti Matteo , Garzone Pamela D. , Meng Xu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIL-7 receptor-α (IL-7Rα) blockade has been shown to reverse autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic mouse by promoting inhibition of effector T cells and consequently altering the balance of regulatory T (Treg) and effector memory (TEM) cells. PF-06342674 is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits the function of IL-7Rα. In the current phase 1b study, subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) received subcutaneous doses of either placebo or PF-06342674 (1, 3, 8 mg/kg/q2w or 6 mg/kg/q1w) for 10 weeks and were followed up to 18 weeks. Nonlinear mixed effects models were developed to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK), target engagement biomarkers, and immunomodulatory activity. PF-06342674 was estimated to have 20-fold more potent inhibitory effect on TEMcells relative to Tregcells resulting in a non-monotonic dose-response relationship for the Treg:TEMratio, reaching maximum at ~ 3 mg/kg/q2w dose. Target-mediated elimination led to nonlinear PK with accelerated clearance at lower doses due to high affinity binding and rapid clearance of the drug-target complex. Doses ≥ 3 mg/kg q2w result in sustained PF-06342674 concentrations higher than the concentration of cellular IL-7 receptor and, in turn, maintain near maximal receptor occupancy over the dosing interval. The results provide important insight into the mechanism of IL-7Rα blockade and immunomodulatory activity of PF-06342674 and establish a rational framework for dose selection for subsequent clinical trials of PF-06342674. Furthermore, this analysis serves as an example of mechanistic modeling to support dose selection of a drug candidate in the early phases of development.
Real-Time Intraoperative Determination and Reporting of Cerebral Autoregulation State Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Montgomery Dean , Brown Charles , Hogue Charles W. , Brady Ken , Nakano Mitsunori , Nomura Yohei , Antunes Andre , Addison Paul S. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is maintained over a range of blood pressures through cerebral autoregulation (CA). Blood pressure outside the range of CA, or impaired autoregulation, is associated with adverse patient outcomes. Regional oxygen saturation (rSo
2) derived from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used as a surrogate CBF for determining CA, but existing methods require a long period of time to calculate CA metrics. We have developed a novel method to determine CA using cotrending of mean arterial pressure (MAP) with rSo
2that aims to provide an indication of CA state within 1 minute. We sought to determine the performance of the cotrending method by comparing its CA metrics to data derived from transcranial Doppler (TCD) methods.

METHODS:
Retrospective data collected from 69 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were used to develop a reference lower limit of CA. TCD-MAP data were plotted to determine the reference lower limit of CA. The investigated method to evaluate CA state is based on the assessment of the instantaneous cotrending relationship between MAP and rSo
2 signals. The lower limit of autoregulation (LLA) from the cotrending method was compared to the manual reference derived from TCD. Reliability of the cotrending method was assessed as uptime (defined as the percentage of time that the state of autoregulation could be measured) and time to first post.

RESULTS:
The proposed method demonstrated minimal mean bias (0.22 mmHg) when compared to the TCD reference. The corresponding limits of agreement were found to be 10.79 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.09–11.49) and −10.35 mmHg (95% CI, −9.65 to −11.05). Mean uptime was 99.40% (95% CI, 99.34–99.46) and the mean time to first post was 63 seconds (95% CI, 58–71).

CONCLUSIONS:
The reported cotrending method rapidly provides metrics associated with CA state for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A major strength of the proposed method is its near real-time feedback on patient CA state, thus allowing for prompt corrective action to be taken by the clinician.
The use of pedicled vascularized bone grafts in the treatment of scaphoid nonunion: clinical results, graft options and indications
Authors: Karaismailoglu Bedri , Fatih Guven Mehmet , Erenler Mert , Botanlioglu Huseyin 
Published: January 2020

Scaphoid nonunion is a challenging situation for orthopaedic surgeons. Nonunion rate is especially high in proximal pole fractures of the scaphoid due to tenuous retrograde blood supply. The use of pedicled vascularized bone grafts for the treatment of scaphoid nonunion provides both good clinical and radiological outcomes. The preserved vascularity of the graft leads to better bone remodelling, less osteopenia, faster incorporation and better maintenance of bone mass compared to the conventional non-vascularized grafting. Pedicled vascularized bone grafts also allow the correction of the carpal alignment and humpback deformity of the scaphoid. Clinical and radiological results have been satisfactory and promising, making us anticipate that the role of vascularized bone grafting for the treatment of carpal diseases will increase.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:1-8. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190021
Nonunion – consensus from the 4th annual meeting of the Danish Orthopaedic Trauma Society
Authors: Schmal Hagen , Brix Michael , Bue Mats , Ekman Anna , Ferreira Nando , Gottlieb Hans , Kold Søren , Taylor Andrew , Toft Tengberg Peter , Ban Ilija ,   Danish Orthopaedic Trauma Society
Published: January 2020

Nonunions are a relevant economic burden affecting about 1.9% of all fractures. Rather than specifying a certain time frame, a nonunion is better defined as a fracture that will not heal without further intervention. Successful fracture healing depends on local biology, biomechanics and a variety of systemic factors. All components can principally be decisive and determine the classification of atrophic, oligotrophic or hypertrophic nonunions. Treatment prioritizes mechanics before biology. The degree of motion between fracture parts is the key for healing and is described by strain theory. If the change of length at a given load is > 10%, fibrous tissue and not bone is formed. Therefore, simple fractures require absolute and complex fractures relative stability. The main characteristics of a nonunion are pain while weight bearing, and persistent fracture lines on X-ray. Treatment concepts such as ‘mechanobiology’ or the ‘diamond concept’ determine the applied osteosynthesis considering soft tissue, local biology and stability. Fine wire circular external fixation is considered the only form of true biologic fixation due to its ability to eliminate parasitic motions while maintaining load-dependent axial stiffness. Nailing provides intramedullary stability and biology via reaming. Plates are successful when complex fractures turn into simple nonunions demanding absolute stability. Despite available alternatives, autograft is the gold standard for providing osteoinductive and osteoconductive stimuli. The infected nonunion remains a challenge. Bacteria, especially staphylococcus species, have developed mechanisms to survive such as biofilm formation, inactive forms and internalization. Therefore, radical debridement and specific antibiotics are necessary prior to reconstruction. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:46-57. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190037
Simulation technique enabling calibration-free frequency-modulation spectroscopy measurements of gas conditions and lineshapes with modulation frequencies spanning kHz to GHz
Authors: Goldenstein Christopher S. , Mathews Garrett C. 
Published: January 2020

A simulation technique enabling calibration-free measurements of gas
properties (e.g., temperature, mole fraction) and lineshapes via
wavelength- or frequency-modulation spectroscopy (WMS or FMS) is
presented. Unlike previously developed models, this simulation
technique accurately accounts for (1) absorption and dispersion
physics and (2) variations in the WMS/FMS harmonic signals, which can
result from intensity tuning induced by scanning the laser’s carrier
frequency [e.g., via injection-current tuning of tunable diode lasers
(TDLs)]. As a result, this approach is applicable to both WMS and FMS
experiments employing a wide variety of light sources and any
modulation frequency [typically kilohertz (kHz) to gigahertz (GHz)].
The accuracy of the simulation technique is validated via comparison
with (1) simulated signals produced by established WMS and FMS models
under conditions where they are accurate and (2) experimental data
acquired under conditions where existing models are inaccurate. Under
conditions where existing WMS and FMS models are accurate, this
simulation technique yields nearly identical (within 0.1%) results.
For experimental validation, the wavelength of a TDL emitting near
1392 nm was scanned across a single absorption line of

H

2

O

with a half-width at half-maximum of
350 MHz while frequency modulation was performed at 100 MHz. The
best-fit first-harmonic (

1
f

) signal produced by this simulation
technique agrees within 1.6% of the measured

1
f

signal, and the

H

2

O

mole fraction and transition
collisional width corresponding to the best-fit

1
f

spectrum agree within 1% of expected
values.
Fiber SPR refractive index sensor with the variable core refractive index
Authors: Liu Chunlan , Zhang Xin , Gao Yachen , Wei Yong , Wu Ping , Su Yudong , Wu Peng 
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a refractive index sensor based on the control of the fiber core refractive index is proposed. By employing ultraviolet curable adhesive with the different refractive index and hollow capillary fiber, the special fiber with a variable core refractive index is fabricated. Using the special fiber, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, refractive index surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with a controllable detecting range of refractive index is realized. Functional testing of the sensing probes with the core refractive indices of 1.590, 1.516, and 1.454 is performed respectively, indicating that their sensitivities are 1580 nm/RIU, 2220 nm/RIU, and 3467 nm/RIU, respectively, and their detecting ranges of refractive index are 1.385–1.435 RIU, 1.365–1.415 RIU, and 1.335–1.385 RIU, respectively. Furthermore, in order to explore the detection effect of the sensing probe with the higher-core refractive index, we conducted theoretical calculation using the Kretchmann model. The experimental and simulating results indicates that, with the increase of the core refractive index, the magnitude of refractive index that can be detected increases. This study provides a new method for the detection of high refractive index solutions and a new idea for the fabrication of wavelength-division multiplexing distributed SPR sensors.
Attenuation calibration method based on sensitivity correction in a Raman distributed temperature system
Authors: Xia Jianchun , Xia Li , Yang Zhao , Huang Panli 
Published: January 2020

A novel algorithm for attenuation calibration in distributed temperature sensors (DTS) based on Raman scattering is presented and experimentally demonstrated, for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Numerical simulation is implemented to explore the signal distribution of Stokes and anti-Stokes lights along sensing fiber with the traditional DTS configuration. The proposed attenuation calibration method is to process the directly detected signal related to the temperature profile and calculate the calibration coefficient to maintain the linearity of temperature measurement and its uniformity along the whole fiber. The experimental results indicate that the attenuation issue of the signal along the sensing fiber is solved simply and efficiently. Simultaneously, a good linearity of the temperature measurement is achieved and the sensitivity remains uniform in the measuring range. The enhanced DTS system reduces the maximal error in temperature measurement from 18.01°C to 1.56°C along an approximate 10 km sensing fiber. The simplicity, validity, and reliability of the proposed method make the DTS system a better candidate in practical applications without the extra requirements of the existing system configuration.
Optical method to determine the composition of lithium niobate crystals by digital holography
Authors: Zhi Yanan , Zhu Yongjian , Pan Weiqing , Tian Kehan 
Published: January 2020

Because the physical properties of lithium niobate (

L
i
N
b
O

3

) strongly depend on composition, accurate and convenient methods for the determination of the composition are of great significance. Although several optical methods, including the measurement of UV absorption edge, the birefringence, and the second-harmonic generation, have been proved to be convenient for an accurate and fast standard determination of composition in

L
i
N
b
O

3

single crystals, their research and commercial applications are limited by the doping component and the complex nonlinear relationships. Based on preliminary work, a novel optical method to determine the composition of

L
i
N
b
O

3

crystals by digital holography is proposed. This method is based on the static internal field, which is obtained by means of the three-dimensional (3D) static measurement of the phase difference between antiparallel poling states without applying external voltage by digital holography. In order to investigate the influences of composition and doping on the static internal field in

L
i
N
b
O

3

crystals, the measured static internal fields from various

L
i
N
b
O

3

samples with different stoichiometry, doping type, and doping level are summarized and compared. Excluding the influence of dopant, the composition has been proved to be a unique key influencing factor on the static internal field in

L
i
N
b
O

3

crystals. A systematic measurement based on the static internal field from various sources with compositions ranging from 48.5 to 49.9 mol.% (

L
i

/

[

L
i

+

N
b

]

ratio) has been carried out. The approximate linear fit between the static internal field and composition can provide an easy, reliable, and sensitive determination of the composition in undoped and doped

L
i
N
b
O

3

samples.
On a lightness phenomenon
Authors: Pinna Baingio 
Published: January 2020

This work demonstrates a lightness phenomenon useful to extend the notion of “belongingness,” which is crucial to explain a class of illusions that include simultaneous lightness contrast, the Koffka–Benussi ring, the Benary cross, and the White effect. These phenomena manifest some kind of dissimilarity, difference, or change responsible for the perceived contrast. The dissimilarity is related to the “belongingness” of the crucial gray elements (i) to a unique or separated/divided object, as in the Koffka–Benussi ring, or (ii) to the figure or to the background, as in the Benary and White effects. If we plausibly assume that differences and changes are biologically important to be detected and if necessary highlighted, then any visible difference might induce a contrast effect. This is the main hypothesis demonstrated by the lightness phenomenon based on checks grouped vertically, split in two upper and lower halves, and segregated from the homogeneous gray background. The checks are alternated and vertically/horizontally reversed in the upper and lower halves of the pattern. Despite the constant visual organization and in spite of the identical local contrast within each check, the inner area of the elements of the upper group appears darker than the one of the lower group. The visible dissimilarity, although not related to the notion of belongingness, is sufficient to elicit a clear lightness difference.
Nanoheater-tuned whispering gallery mode lasing in liquid-filled hollow microcavities
Authors: Li Hanyang , Hao Xiaolei , Li Yanzeng , Xu Li , Shi Bojian , Liu Lu 
Published: January 2020

An all-optical tunable whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing from the liquid-filled hollow glass microsphere (LFHGM) is proposed and experimentally verified. The LFHGM-based microlaser is prepared by injecting

N
a
N
d
F

4

/

d
y
e

co-doped liquid into the HGM, and WGM resonance is obtained under excitation of a 532 nm pulse laser. Since the high-efficiency absorption of the 793 nm continuous-wave laser by

N
a
N
d
F

4

nanocrystals (NCs) can result in photothermal effect-induced effective refractive index change of the microcavity, a secondary 793 nm laser is irradiated into the LFHGM to excite the

N
a
N
d
F

4

dispersed in the liquid core, thereby realizing a shift of resonant frequencies. The influence of the doping concentration of

N
a
N
d
F

4

NCs on the tuning range and the sensitivity over the power intensity range of

0

−

1.

68

W

/

m
m

2

are investigated experimentally, obtaining maximum values of 4.95 and

2

.

95

n
m

/

(

W

m
m

−
2

)

. The ability to generate stable lasing in a LFHGM cavity highlights the practical application of the microscale lasers in future all-optical networks.
Ultra-compact hybrid plasmonic mode convertor based on unidirectional eigenmode expansion
Authors: Chen Ruixuan , Bai Bowen , Yang Fenghe , Zhou Zhiping 
Published: January 2020

An ultra-compact hybrid plasmonic mode convertor is demonstrated based on a hybrid plasmonic slot waveguide structure. Benefiting from the unidirectional eigenmode expansion approach, a mode-interference-based

T
E

00

-to-

T
M

01

mode convertor is realized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, with an ultra-compact footprint of only

2

.

33

×

7

µ

m

2

. At the wavelength of 1550 nm, the insertion loss is below 2.34 dB, and the extinction ratio is 25.6 dB with mode conversion purity as high as 94.6%. The extinction ratio is over 15.5 dB for the entire C-band with a bandwidth of extinction ratio above 10 dB larger than 110 nm. The transmissivity of the crosstalk

T
E

10

and

T
E

02

at 1550 nm is

−

16.1

and

−

22.7

d
B

, respectively.
High-resolution wavemeter using Rayleigh speckle obtained by optical time domain reflectometry
Authors: Wan Yangyang , Wang Shuai , Fan Xinyu , Zhang Zhaopeng , He Zuyuan 
Published: January 2020

The characteristics of Rayleigh speckle generated from a single-mode fiber are related to the wavelength of the incident lightwave, which makes it possible to use Rayleigh speckle for spectrum measurement. Based on this feature, we propose, to the best of our knowledge, a novel wavemeter with high resolution realized using optical time domain reflectometry to obtain Rayleigh speckle. We show that the spectral resolution is inverse to the probe pulse width, with a spectral resolution of 6 fm corresponding to a 2 µs probe pulse. A correlation coefficient method is introduced to further increase the spectral resolution from 6 to 0.4 fm. Moreover, it is experimentally demonstrated that the system has the capability to resolve dynamic multi-wavelength signals with 25 µs time resolution. The proposed high-resolution wavemeter is a good prospect for cost effectiveness, compactness, and excellent performance of spectral resolution.
Femtosecond graphene mode-locked Fe:ZnSe laser at 4.4  µm
Authors: Pushkin A. V. , Migal E. A. , Tokita S. , Korostelin Yu. V. , Potemkin F. V. 
Published: January 2020

We report, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a femtosecond mode-locked Fe:ZnSe laser. Passive mode locking is implemented using graphene as a saturable absorber. The laser operates at 4.4 µm with a repetition frequency of 100 MHz and 415 mW output power pumped by a fiber 7 W Er:ZBLAN laser. The pulse duration of about 732 fs is retrieved from the first-order autocorrelation function. Additionally, we observe pulsed nanosecond oscillation under continuous-wave pumping and strong amplitude modulation caused by Kerr self-focusing. This Letter fills the gap in operating regimes of Fe:ZnSe lasers and paves the way for the development of powerful ultrafast high-repetition-rate mid-IR sources for the most advanced fields of science.
UKURAN PERTAMA KALI MATANG GONAD DAN SELEKTIVITAS JARING INSANG IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) DI WADUK JATILUHUR, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Warsa Andri , Astuti Lismining Pujiyani 
Published: January 2020

A gillnet is a common fishing gear for exploitation and fish capture at Jatiluhur Reservoir. The fish size captured by the gillnet depends on the mesh size for its selective fishing gear. Determination of gillnet mesh size is one of effort for fisheries management. The management of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is based on gillnet selectivity and reproductive biology of nile tilapia. The aim of the research was to estimate length at the first mature (Lm) and gillnet selectivity for nile tilapia. The research was conducted at February-September 2017 through experimental fishing using gillnet with 1.0–4.0 mesh size (interval 0.5 inch). The gillnet installation was performed at six stations, namely Cihuni-Cibadak, Sungai Cikanyayan, Sungai Ciririp, Sungai Cihonje, Pasir Kole and Cilalawi. The Lm of nile tilapia was 18.3 and 23.3 cm for female and male, respectively. The total length retained in the gillnet with the highest probability for mesh size 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0; 3.5 and 4.0 inches were 9.5; 12.5; 14.5; 18.5; 20.5; 26.5 and 30.5 cm, respectively. The minimum mesh size used for nile tilapia exploitation was ≥3 inches because it was able to catch nile tilapia with the total length larger than Lm (Lc>Lm) and with an SPR value of > 40% so that the tilapia resource in the Jatiluhur Reservoir remains sustainable.