bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of climatic factors in the incidence of Takotsubo syndrome: A nationwide study from 2012 to 2016
Authors: Kanaoka Koshiro , Okayama Satoshi , Terasaki Satoshi , Nakano Tomoya , Ishii Masanobu , Nakai Michikazu , Onoue Kenji , Nishimura Kunihiro , Yasuda Satoshi , Tsujita Kenichi , Kawakami Rika , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Komuro Issei , Ogawa Hisao , Saito Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate the influence of climatic factors on the onset of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS).Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospective nationwide study among patients registered in the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases and Diagnosis Procedure Combination (JROAD–DPC) discharge database, between 2012 and 2016. Before the analysis, a multicentre validation study was conducted for assessing the accuracy of the JROAD–DPC classification for TTS. First, we investigated the seasonal variation of incidences of TTS. Second, we analysed the associations between the incidence of TTS and climatic factors using the hierarchical Poisson regression modelling, and we also investigated the associations between typhoon landfalls and hospitalization for TTS, using the fixed‐effects conditional Poisson regression model. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis were 83% and 100%, respectively. Then we analysed 5643 patients with TTS. The mean patient age was 74 (standard deviation ± 11) years; 79% were female. TTS was diagnosed significantly more frequently in the summer and early autumn. The incidence of TTS was related to higher temperatures; adjusted incidence rate ratios were 1.46 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33–1.60, P < 0.01] and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.34–1.62, P < 0.01) for temperatures of 20–25°C and >25°C, respectively. The incidence rate ratio for the first 2 days after a typhoon landfall was 1.85 (95% CI: 1.07–3.19; P = 0.03).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the incidence of TTS, as well as a significant association between its onset and climatic factors, including typhoon landfalls.
Leveraging mist and fog for big data analytics in IoT environment
Authors: El‐Hasnony Ibrahim M. , Mostafa Reham R. , Elhoseny Mohamed , Barakat Sherif I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) emerged as one of the leading technological advancements of our days. IoT generates enormous quantities of valuable data that need on time processing, resulting in reliable, and accurate decisions based on the Internet of Things vision. The quality of the generated data is inadequate, incomplete, uncertain, and produced from multiple sources. Although cloud servers can analyze and store enormous data, they need a lot of time to send full‐size data for storage and analysis as well as the high overhead they have that not satisfactory in many applications. This article provides a systematic way to review the IoT environment according to big data analytics together with limitations and challenges. Moreover, a cloud‐fog‐mist combination for handling IoT data concerning centralized and distributed data mining is explained. A proposed hybrid real‐time remote patient monitoring framework introduced that consists of the integration among the mist, fog, and cloud for healthcare treatment, which remote‐monitors patients continuously. In addition, Reduced‐Error Pruning tree (REPtree), MultiLayer Perceptron, naïve Bayes, and Sequential Minimal Optimization algorithms have applied to “Gas sensors for home activity monitoring” dataset to demonstrate the feasibility of traditional data mining algorithms to IoT data. The results showed that the REPtree algorithm achieved better accuracy against others with accuracy ranged between 90.66% and 93.6% according to the size of the data used in the study. Still, for the time metric, naive Bayes outperformed them with the lowest time between 1 and 18 seconds for building the model.
A kernel fuzzy twin SVM model for early warning systems of extreme financial risks
Authors: Huang Xun , Guo Fanyong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is an important component of risk management in financial markets to develop an early warning systems (EWS) for extreme financial risk. In this paper, we establish a novel EWS called kernel fuzzy twin support vector machine (KFT‐SVM). Unlike T‐SVM, KFT‐SVM can deal with the noises and outliners in dataset and the fuzzy dataset with a lot of potential uncertain but important factors in financial markets by introducing the fuzzy approach. More importantly, the introduced kernel method can aid the fuzzy approach to achieve more valuable fuzzy memberships by transporting dataset from the input space to the kernel space and further improve the generalization performance of T‐SVM. Computational comparisons of KFT‐SVM against SVM, T‐SVM and FT‐SVM indicate the significant superiority of our proposed KFT‐SVM. Furthermore, we have investigated the favourable ability of KFT‐SVM for overcoming the class imbalance problem by comparison with that combined with the resampling method of the synthetic minority over‐sampling technique (SMOTE). The experimental result shows that our proposed KFT‐SVM can effectively overcome the class imbalance problem.
Estimating expected shortfall using a quantile function model
Authors: Cai Yuzhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDistribution of financial returns defined by the existing GARCH models usually focus on the overall features such as the location, scale, skewness and kurtosis of the distribution. When using such GARCH models for expected shortfall (ES) estimation, it is difficult to consider specific information about the tails (such as the shape of the tails of the distribution), resulting in possible bias in ES estimation. We propose a quantile function threshold GARCH model to overcome some of the limitations of existing models. The model allows us to use the information including the skewness and tail shape of the distribution and the structure changes in the volatility of financial returns to obtain ES estimates. Our results show that the proposed model outperforms the benchmark models, confirming that tail shape of the distribution also plays an important role in ES estimation.
High‐frequency trading order cancellations and market quality: Is stricter regulation the answer?
Authors: Manahov Viktor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh‐frequency traders (HFTs) frequently submit, cancel and resubmit trading orders in an attempt to stay in front of the queue. This study shows that HFTs cancel a large number of limit orders within 50 ms in order to create arbitrage opportunities in the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). We find that HFTs generate substantial profits after transaction costs and are capable of extending their strong profitability generating record in the future. Our empirical results indicate that institutional investors lacking speed are more likely to experience higher execution costs. We propose the introduction of batch auctions, one per 50 ms of trading, to impose a queuing risk for HFTs leading to positive market quality effects.
Detection of types of HPV among HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected Kenyan women undergoing cryotherapy or loop electrosurgical excision procedure
Authors: Orang’o Elkanah O. , Emont Jordan P. , Ermel Aaron C. , Liu Tao , Omodi Victor , Tong Yan , Itsura Peter M. , Tonui Philip K. , Maina Titus , Ong’echa John M. , Muthoka Kapten , Kiptoo Stephen , Moormann Ann , Hogan Joseph , Loehrer Patrick J. , Brown Darron , Cu‐Uvin Susan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the baseline types of HPV infection among HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women in western Kenya undergoing cryotherapy or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted of baseline HPV characteristics of women undergoing visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy or LEEP. After a positive VIA in HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women, data on demographics, CD4 count, and use of antiretroviral therapy and a cervical swab were collected. HPV typing was performed using the Roche Linear Array.ResultsOf 175 participants, 86 (49.1%) were HIV‐positive and had a higher prevalence of low‐risk HPV types (odds ratio [OR] 5.28, P=0.005) compared with HIV‐negative women. The most common high‐risk (HR)‐HPV types in HIV‐positive women were HPV 16 (13.9%) and HPV 18 (11.1%). HIV‐positive women requiring LEEP were more likely to have HR‐HPV types (OR 6.67, P=0.012) and to be infected with multiple HR‐HPV types (OR 7.79, P=0.024) compared to those undergoing cryotherapy.ConclusionHIV‐positive women requiring LEEP versus cryotherapy had a higher prevalence of any HR‐HPV type and multiple HR‐HPV types. There were no such differences in HPV types identified among HIV‐negative women.
Value‐added weather advisories for small‐scale farmers in South Africa delivered via mobile apps*
Authors: Walker Sue 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMaize, the staple crop of Southern Africa, is dependent on the highly variable summer rainfall, especially the start of the rainy season. Every growing season, farmers decide about when to plant their crops. Agrometeorologists use climate and weather information to assist such decisions and engage farmers and other stakeholders to fill gaps in the relevant information. Modern electronic communication technologies can distribute real‐time information pertinent to the farmers' current situation. The Rain for Africa consortium developed a mobile phone app, AgriCloud, giving updated information on a daily basis to extensionists and small‐scale farmers. AgriCloud advisories are for a specific location in a selected local language on an android phone. AgriCloud has enabled farmers to use rainfall in a more sustainable way as they plan land preparation and planting according to weather forecasts for their own farm. Advantages are that users eagerly obtain daily updates with farming‐relevant advice, in their own local language on their own phone in their hands. AgriCloud includes the unique aspect of crowdsourcing to collect qualitative weather observations from users. AgriCloud mobile app is used to access integrated information from current short‐term forecasts regarding maize planting recommendations by farmers for their specific farm location.
Laboratory investigation of the discharge coefficient of triangular labyrinth weirs with and without slots and comparing them with piano key weirs*
Authors: Ariyamanesh Atiye , Heidarnejad Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith an increase of the length of a crest in a given width, labyrinth weirs lead to an increase in flow transition capacity over the weir. This study was performed on a laboratory flume with a length of 12.5 m, width of 0.3 m and a height of 0.4 m, using triangular labyrinth weirs (with and without slots), each having single‐ and two‐cycle models. First, their hydraulic performance was examined, and then it was compared with that of a piano key weir (single‐cycle, two‐cycle). The results showed that the increase in crest length through a slot in single‐ and two‐cycle weirs cannot be an effective factor. The presence of a slot in single‐ and two‐cycle triangular weirs led to a decrease in the discharge coefficient of these weirs up to 35 and 33% respectively, compared to weirs without any slot. This is due to energy loss, local submergence and flow interference in the nose slot even at low flows. However, the flow's index weir (triangular weir slot, one slot) compared to single‐ and two‐cycle piano key weirs dropped by 40 and 26% respectively.
Response to comment on “genetic variants and source of introduction of SARS‐CoV‐2 in South America”
Authors: Poterico Julio A. , Mestanza Orson 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring a pandemic, science needs data to generate helpful evidence, and researchers assume this responsibility despite the risk of potential bias. This is the response to the comment made by Pedro Romero, who argued that our manuscript did not use reassembling and mapping strategies for corroborating mutations, and lacked bootstrap support in the phylogenetic analysis.
CNTFETbased classABcurrent conveyorII: Design, analysis and waveform generator applications
Authors: Jogad Seema , Loan Sajad A. , Afzal Neelofer , Alharbi Abdullah G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work, we design and simulate a new class AB second generation current conveyor (CCII) employing 32 nm technology node carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFET). The performance of the proposed CNTFET based class AB CCII (CNTFET‐CCII) has been optimized by altering the number of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (N), CNT pitch (S), and CNT diameter (DCNT). The proposed CCII has been compared with the conventional CMOS‐based class AB CCII (CMOS‐CCII). The simulation study has revealed that in the proposed CCII, the voltage and current bandwidth (BW) have enhanced by two orders, terminal X resistance is ~31% less, Y resistance has increased by two orders, total harmonic distortion and power consumption have got reduced by ~62% and ~56% respectively in comparison to the conventional CMOS‐CCII. The proposed CNTFET‐CCII has been used to realize square/triangular waveform generators for the first time. It has been observed that the proposed CCII‐based waveform generators give distortion less output and temperature insensitive behavior with a very wide frequency range from ~161 KHz down to 0.79 Hz. Furthermore, seven times reduced power is achieved in the proposed CCII‐based waveform generator in comparison the conventional CMOS‐based wave generator.
Mid‐latitude leading double‐dip La Niña
Authors: Park Jae‐Heung , An Soon‐Il , Kug Jong‐Seong , Yang Young‐Min , Li Tim , Jo Hyun‐Su 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the evolution asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña events is challenging. Unlike El Niño, most La Niña events are characterised by a double‐dip cooling (a.k.a. multi‐year La Niña). Herein, we examined how single‐ and multi‐year La Niña events differ by analysing observational and climate‐model data sets. Single‐year La Niña events tend to develop narrowly within the tropics from a central Pacific‐type El Niño (Niño‐4 > Niño‐3), whereas multi‐year La Niña events tend to originate from an eastern Pacific‐type El Niño (Niño‐3 > Niño‐4) and are well‐connected to mid‐latitudes through the Pacific meridional mode, which leads to a meridionally wider response of the off‐equatorial low‐level atmospheric anti‐cyclonic circulation. As the anti‐cyclonic circulation controls the amount of equatorial upper‐ocean heat recharge through Sverdrup transport, for single‐year La Niña, efficient ocean recharging due to a narrower anti‐cyclonic circulation causes a fast transition to an El Niño or a fast termination of a La Niña. In contrast, for multi‐year La Niña, a weaker recharging causes surface cooling to persist, leading to another La Niña in the following year.
Regionalization of evapotranspiration in India using fuzzy dynamic clustering approach. Part 2: Applications of regions
Authors: Masanta Swapan Kumar , Srinivas Vemavarapu Venkata 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccurate estimation of ET0, and determination of its trend/variability and sensitivity to changes in climate variables is essential at regional scale for different applications. These are attempted for India by considering 18 homogeneous ET0 regions formed in companion paper. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommends Penman–Monteith (PM) equation for ET0 estimation, which requires information on several climate variables. The equation cannot be used in data‐sparse areas where information/forecasts on one or more required climate variables is unavailable/unreliable. To address this, relevance vector regression (RVR) relationships are developed in this paper for the 18 homogeneous regions to arrive at FAO‐PM estimate of ET0 from subsets of its predictor climate variables, which could be typically expected in data‐sparse areas. The developed relationships are shown to be better in arriving at ET0 estimates when compared to multiple linear regression (MLR) relationships and three widely used empirical equations (Hargreaves, Mcguinness–Bordne, Priestly–Taylor). Regional trend analysis revealed that ET0 is significantly decreasing (increasing) in most regions located in north (south) India. Sensitivity of ET0 and surface runoff to changes in their predictor climate variables is determined for each region by considering third‐order Taylor series approximation of their functional relationships. Key climate variable(s) that govern ET0 changes in each region are identified. Results indicate that at annual scale solar radiation and relative humidity govern ET0 changes in regions located in south and north‐east India, whereas wind speed followed by relative humidity mostly influence the ET0 changes over other regions. Existence of evaporation paradox in four regions and validity of Bouchet's complementary relationship between ET0, actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and precipitation in 11 regions is also established. Significant divergence in trend of ET0 and ETa was evident in north‐east India.
Proteomic Characterization of Circulating Molecular Perturbations Associated With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Following Intravenous ω‐3 Fatty Acid and Gemcitabine Administration: A Pilot Study
Authors: Runau Franscois , Arshad Ali , Isherwood John D. , Sandhu Jatinderpal K. , Ng Leong L. , Dennison Ashley R. , Jones Donald J. L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground: Administration of intravenous ω‐3 fatty acid (ω‐3FA) in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients receiving gemcitabine chemotherapy shows disease stabilization and improved progression‐free survival. Using high‐definition plasma proteomics, the underlying biological mechanisms responsible for these clinical effects are investigated. Methods and Results: A pilot study involving plasma that was collected at baseline from 13 patients with histologically confirmed, unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (baseline group) after 1‐month treatment with intravenous gemcitabine and ω‐3FA (treatment group) and intravenous gemcitabine only (control group) and was prepared for proteomic analysis. A 2‐arm study comparing baseline vs treatment and treatment vs control was performed. Proteins were isolated from plasma with extensive immunodepletion, then digested and labeled with isobaric tandem mass tag peptide tags. Samples were then combined, fractionated, and injected into a QExactive‐Orbitrap Mass‐Spectrometer and analyzed on Proteome Discoverer and Scaffold with ensuing bioinformatics analysis. Selective reaction monitoring analysis was performed for verification. In total, 3476 proteins were identified. Anti‐inflammatory markers (C‐reactive protein, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid‐A1) were reduced in the treatment group. Enrichment analysis showed angiogenesis downregulation, complement immune systems upregulation, and epigenetic modifications on histones. Pathway analysis identified direct action via the Pi3K‐AKT pathway. Serum amyloid‐A1 significantly reduced (P < .001) as a potential biomarker of efficacy for ω‐3FA. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrates administration of ω‐3FA has potential anti‐inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and proapoptotic effects via direct interaction with cancer‐signaling pathways in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Further studies in a larger sample size is required to validate the clinical correlation found in this preliminary study.
Raman and infrared spectra to monitor the phase transition of natural kyanite under static compression
Authors: Gao Jing , Wu Wanghua , Jia Lihui , Wang Ching‐Pao , Liu Yingxin , Xu Chaowen , Chen Fei , Fei Chenhui , Su Wen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe stability of kyanite Al2SiO5 at high pressure is of significance in understanding the fate of the subducted crust and how they recycle within the Earth. Thus, in situ high‐pressure vibrational spectra of natural kyanite are presented. The shift amplitudes of the measured modes dependent on pressure manifest the contraction of the AlO bond bears the most compression of kyanite. At 9.7 GPa, a first‐order phase transition to kyanite‐II occurs, which is distinguished by changes occurred in the entire spectral region, including the pressure dependences of the modes, the wavenumber jumps of some peaks, the splitting of a SiO symmetric stretching band, and the emergence of new modes. A Raman mapping image is collected illustrating kyanite and kyanite‐II in coexistence at 10.0 GPa. Emphasize that, as is revealed by the infrared spectra, a part of HO···O distance becomes elongated after the transformation. At higher pressure up to 18.6 GPa, the Raman spectra disclose little effects associated with further transformations. Finally, releasing pressure to ambient leads to recovery of pure kyanite. Our results mark a lowest pressure limit of the change in the intermolecular and intramolecular bonding of kyanite and shed new lights on the crystal chemistry of aluminosilicate under mantle pressures.
Management of the Acute Loss of a Free Flap to the Head and Neck—A Multi‐institutional Review
Authors: Bender‐Heine Adam , Sweeny Larissa , Curry Joseph M. , Petrisor Daniel , Young Gavin , Hyzer Jeffrey , Cave Taylor , Li Ryan , Cannady Steven , Miles Brett , Wax Mark K. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo review the management of failed free tissue transfers among four large institutions over a 13‐year period to provide data and analysis for a logical, algorithmic, experience‐based approach to the management of failed free flaps.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsA multi‐institutional retrospective chart review of free tissue transfers to the head and neck region between 2006 and 2019 was performed. Patients with a failed free flap during their hospitalization after surgery to the head and neck were identified and reviewed. Patient age, co‐morbidities, risk factors, flap characteristics, tumor specifics, and length of hospital stay were reviewed, collected, and analyzed.ResultsOne hundred eighteen flap failures met criteria. The most common failed flap in this review was the osteocutaneous flap 52/118 (44%). The recipient site of the initial free flap (P < .001) was the only statistically significant parameter strongly correlated with management. Osteocutaneous flap failures, fasciocutaneous, bowel, and muscle‐only flaps tended to be managed most commonly with a second free flap. Myocutaneous flap failures were managed equally with either a second free flap or a regional flap.ConclusionsThe most important factor in management of a failed free flap is the recipient site. A second free flap is often the preferred treatment, but in the acute setting, local or regional flaps may be viable options depending on the recipient site, circumstances of flap loss, and patient‐ specific comorbidities. An algorithm for management of the acute flap loss is presented in this review.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:518–524, 2021