bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of phlorotannin Sargassum sp. extract on colon profile of diabetic rats
Authors: Faricha F , Firdaus M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia. Polyphenol is capable of being scavenger of free radicals by transferring its hydroxyl atom. Polyphenol, which contained in brown algae, is phlorotannin. This study aimed to investigate the effects of phlorotannin from Sargassum sp. on blood glucose and histopathology of the colon of diabetic rats. Research steps were extraction of a phlorotannin, the establishment of the diabetic model, general histological staining, histopathology analysis, and determination of phlorotannin contain. This research was comprised of seven groups and five replications of treatment. Diabetic rats were prepared by injection of 40 mg/kg BW streptozotocin in intraperitoneal. The results showed that Sargassum sp. extracts were capable of diminishing blood glucose level, likewise repairing the histopathology of the colon. A dose of 600 mg/kg BW is the best dose of extract Sargassum sp. on improving the colon profile of diabetic rats.
Economic and Technical Analysis of Universal Accessibility in Social and Private Housing in Chile
Authors: Ferrada X , Valderrama C , Fuentes-Contreras C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
According to studies of accessibility in Chile show that the country is aging, by 2050 the population of the third age will increase to more than double where, in addition, the third of that group will develop some type of disability, with the physical type prevailing.
Under this problem, Chile has modified his regulatory building body (OGUC) in 2016 establishing new design standards in order to have homes with basic characteristics of accessibility universal. But these modifications are not retroactive in housing policy.
Because of this, the present study analyzes the incorporation of accessibility standards into social and private housing that are already built. Technically, it discusses basic solutions to comply with the regulatory approaches and then analyze the economic impact of the solutions, along with the modifications of non-structural elements for regulatory compliance without changing the useful surface of the housing. Showing to achieve accessibility in an existing private home the cost can increase by 0.08 UF/m2 and for social housing by 0.05 UF/m2.
The study shows that with a good projection of the evolution of the people who will inhabit the houses, in conjunction with decisions from the design stage, they can have affordable housing at a low cost preventing the owner have to make large investments for adapt his house to any situation of disability that may be present throughout life.
BIM for Sustainable Management in Existing Hospitals
Authors: da Casa F , García R , Echeverría E , Celis D’Amico F , Nope A , Domínguez P , Chías P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The main objective of this communication is to determine the characteristics and requirements of the BIM model, in particular in relation to the BPS energy analysis, to be used as a project tool that supports sustainable management in existing hospital establishments. With this objective, BIM architectural models and environmental simulations of representative buildings in Chile and Spain were carried out to review and propose attributes of sustainable models that allow a better adaptation to growth and flexibility from the early stages of design and restructuring. This study associates low energy consumption strategies for hospital establishments. The study is aimed at the integral management of both the operation of the building and all the services involved in its use and exploitation. This will allow to discuss the paradigm changes regarding the training of the architect and the specialists involved in the design, construction and operation of more sustainable projects.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 3 Jul 2020 to correct an author affiliation.
Thermal Sensation Assessment at Different Types of Covered Outdoor Spaces in Barranquilla - Colombia
Authors: Rodriguez-Potes L , Villadiego K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The notion of comfort applies to productivity, hygiene and air treatment and to the dimensions of sustainability and energy saving. This research analyzes thermal sensation and microclimatic conditions at several outdoor spaces with different combinations of parameters: artificial cover, vegetation cover and without cover. The evaluation scale used in this study is the seven-point ASHRAE scale, which is used to determine people’s psychological reactions to these spaces. The results show that the cover material affects the air temperature and thermal conditions of the spaces. The best thermal comfort conditions were found under trees and a tensioned membrane structure. These cover materials act by blocking radiation and projecting shade on pedestrians, the floor and the walls, which influences the thermal sensation. The results of this research are intended to contribute knowledge for the development of urban design guidelines that take into consideration the microclimatic conditions of tropical cities.
Critical Mapping of Indicators for Smart Cities Evaluation
Authors: Massara B , Santo K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sustainable urban development is extremely important, if not imperative, for city managers and policy makers. Nowadays, the use of Information and Communication Technologies announces assertive, sensitive and economic solutions. This research aims to introduce smart city indicators based on critical and updated diagrammatic digital analysis regarding issues such as mobility, transportation, environment, housing, governance and security faced with concepts as innovation, sustainability and others. In order to achieve this goal, it is offered an original and relational mapping of indicators created from information collected in different sources such as texts by well-known authors such as Guimarães [1], Greenfield [2], Weiss [3] institutional websites such as Brazilian Smart Cities Network [4], Urban Systems [5] publications and legal regulations such as NBR ISO 37122 [6]. Thus, this relational mapping will highlight graphically and visually the relations between the types of technologies available and how they have been used and applied. In a nutshell, we offer a diagrammatic approach oriented to create a useful indicator analysis guide based on available technologies, populations’ needs and, more importantly, hope to provide better understanding about smart cities rankings and indicator regarding the well-being of people interacting with urban infrastructure, in special with mobility and urban devices.
Impact of Geographic Location on Energy and Fossil Fuel Demand as well as Climate Change in the Life Cycle of Tourist Accommodation Establishments in Chile
Authors: Ovalle X , Muñoz E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Tourism is a rapid-growth industry on a global scale that includes transportation, excursions and tourist accommodation establishments. In turn, these activities have an impact on energy demand, to achieve thermal comfort, in addition to environmental impacts such as climate change and fossil fuel demand. These impacts vary depending on energy sources, water and solid waste treatment, and availability of resources, among other factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of geographic location on energy demand to attain thermal comfort and to assess the environmental impacts of tourist accommodation establishments in Chile. DesignBuilder software was used to evaluate energy demand for thermal comfort in the establishments, by measuring thermal transmittance through roofing, walls, flooring, doors and windows of the establishments, following the MINVU (NTM 11) technical standard. Moreover, different building materials were modelled for each establishment, depending on their geographic location. Climate change and fossil fuel demand were analyse using a life cycle assessment in accordance with ISO 14044, using a functional unit of 1 guest night. Inventory and impact assessment data were modelled using SimaPro software, thereby obtaining different energy demands based on the establishment’s geographic location. Northern establishments were shown to have greater impact on climate change and fossil fuel demand with coal being most relied upon in this respect and CO2 the substance chiefly emitted in environmental impact on climate change (a carbon footprint of 15.68 kg CO2 equals one guest night). This study determines that geographic location impacts energy demand, climate change and fossil fuel demand.
Diagnosis of the Generation of Solid Waste in the Construction of a Building Under the Approach of Industrial Ecology
Authors: Bracho L , Martinez P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The construction industry generates 30% of the total solid waste in Chile, causing a high impact on the environment, due to the multiple inefficiencies generated in different stages of the development cycle of the projects, involving design, quality and characteristics of the materials in the construction of the referred project. The study covers only solid waste generated in the construction of high buildings, focusing on the area known as Industrial Ecology (IE). The IE aims to achieve that industrial systems have a behavior similar to that of natural ecosystems, allowing the linear model of production systems to become a cyclical model, promoting the interactions between economy, environment and society, developing the efficiency of industrial processes. The two main tools of IE were used: The Material Flow Analysis (MFA) and the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). MFA was used to obtained indicators from the main products or raw materials that are used and that are transformed into a waste in high buildings construction processes, such as: concrete, wood, iron, sheetrock, tiles and ceramics. The LCA served to identify, quantify and characterize the different potential environmental impacts in the area, such as: climate change, depletion of natural resources and occupation of soils, associated with each of the stages of existence of a product. After these two analyses, it was possible to identify the stage of the process in which the main losses of materials occur in the construction of a high building. In addition, it was possible to identify alternative scenarios of solid waste management among different companies that want to transform this waste into raw materials or by-products, saving production costs, reducing environmental impact and creating different types of industrial symbiosis.
Albedo Quantification Using Remote Sensing Techniques. Cool Roof in the Metropolitan Area of Mendoza-Argentina
Authors: Alchapar N L , Colli M F , Correa E N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The presence of cities raises air temperature. The growth of sealed urban surfaces and anthropogenic heat modifies the natural energy balance increasing the CO2 emissions of a city. A strategy to reduce urban temperatures and energy consumption is the widespread application of cool materials -with high albedo and high emissivity- in the urban envelope. Roofs are the horizontal opaque surfaces most exposed to solar radiation and are therefore the ones that absorb the highest thermal load of a building. The objective of this research is to design a procedure that allows the discrimination the different roofing materials within the Metropolitan Area of Mendoza, Argentina, to determine the possible energy savings and improvements in urban microclimatic conditions associated with the increase of albedo in the roofs of the city. The methodology is based on a supervised classification of roof materials using spectral signatures with QGIS 3.2 ‘Bonn’ software. For this purpose, images from the Sentinel 2a platform were used and 3 series of spectral signatures were obtained from built urban areas. The results show that the materials mainly used in the roofs of the city of Mendoza are membranes (74%), zinc sheet (14%) and traditional tiles (13%). These findings represent an efficient tool to quantify the energy and environmental effects of regulating albedo values in urban roof.
Microclimatic Strategies for “Vila Residencial da UFRJ”: Mitigating the Effects of High Temperatures
Authors: Rocha E , Paiva A L , Drach P R C , Barbosa G S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The urban morphology and both pavement and edifications materiality influence directly on the microclimate. Thus, urban form and microclimatic researches cooperate with the understanding of this interaction, besides they may evidence solutions to attenuate these negative effects in weather, such as the heat-island effect, which makes the environment comfort worse in cities of the tropical countries. In previous studies, a diagnostic of “Vila Residencial da UFRJ”, situated on Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, has been done considering the variation of intra-urban temperature. The air temperature values have been measured and simulated in the interior of the Village as well as in its surroundings, in other to find the most intense heat areas. From the diagnostic about the region (urban morphology forwarding; climate variables and socioeconomic information), analysis and proposals of intervention strategies have been developed, tested with a broader series of computational simulations. Following the study, this article presents the developing process of an illustrated guide, in clear and accessible language, for the local people and leadership, exposing the relation between the factors that can increase temperature and the indicated means of mitigating them. The strategies were thought for the broader scenario of the Residential Village, fulfilling the needs of environmental comfort and the possibility of implementation according to local peculiarities, such as: the lack of space in some sidewalks and streets, making impracticable the planting of tree species; the need to work with low-cost materials and local labor, very often few specialized ones; absence of space between the buildings, among others.
Evaluation of Industrial Ashes in Cement Replacement in Mortars
Authors: Rivas J , Letelier V , Parodi C , Manosalva M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It is well known that cement production has a high negative impact on the environment. This fact, in conjunction with the high demand for this product worldwide, has created concern over how to reduce its use. Various materials have been tested as partial or total replacements for cement, one of which is biomass ash. In this article we report the preparation of test samples of mortar using two types of biomass ash, the first of forest origin and the second agricultural; both were used to replace cement in proportions of 10%, 20% and 30%. The test samples were assayed for compression and flexion after 7, 14, 28 and 90 days. After 28 days the apparent density, open porosity, absorption, capillarity and ultrasound velocity were measured. All the results of the series were compared with a control mortar. In the compression and flexion assay, a higher resistance than the control mortar was obtained with 10% replacement of both types of ash after 90 days, however with 20% and 30% ash the results were inferior to traditional mortar. There was an increase in the absorption percentage and porosity as the percentage of cement replacement increased; this increase was smaller for ash from agricultural biomass than ash from forest biomass. The density diminished as the percentage of replacement material increased, but the change was smaller with ash from agricultural biomass; this may be attributed to a filler effect produced by its granulometric distribution.
Thermal and Mechanical Analysis of Plywood Boards Thermally Enhanced with Phase Change Materials
Authors: Fernández V , Valderrama-Ulloa C , Rouault F , Schmitt C , del Río R , Vasco D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Adding Phase Change Materials (PCM) in construction elements and materials increase their thermal mass, which may reduce temperature variation of indoor environment and improve thermal comfort of occupants. The present paper aims to study the thermal and mechanical impacts of embedding microencapsulated PCM in the adhesive of plywood boards. Mechanical properties of samples are measured using a standardized bending test; thermal mass is estimated with a homemade experimental setup based on a heated bed and two thermocouples. Tests were carried out on three different samples: a reference sample without PCM, a second sample with adhesive containing 25% of PCM, and a third sample with 30% of PCM. The most relevant results from the study showed that the mechanical properties of plywood boards were not significantly affected by the PCM, and the thermal mass was improved up to 19% on a variation of 30°C.
Assembly of Stay-In-Place Concrete Blocks Using a Robot
Authors: García R , Perez A , Pulido J A , Ulloa P , Forcael E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This work presents an experiment where a constructive system with hollow blocks is assembled using a robot. These blocks form a stay-in-place support to receive a mixture onsite, generating a monolithic concrete wall with vertical steel reinforcements, as well as providing thermal and acoustic insulation capabilities. The assembly system is tested with an industrial robotic arm, programmed to assemble the blocks following the layout of a building. The tests demonstrate the technical feasibility for execution onsite, with productivity advantages and suitable finishes. Thermal and acoustic performance tests have also been carried out to determine the fillings and structural studies for the complete building layout, along with digital modelling of the design and construction management. The assembly tests have shown the speed and versatility of the robotic system, although the planning and installation of the equipment considering the building as a whole must be developed further.
Daylighting Analysis: A Contribution to the Urban Planning of the City of Marilândia - ES (Brazil)
Authors: Drago K , Brunoro S , Engel C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Daylighting is one of the environmental resources that deliver quality to the built area by making it more comfortable and efficient and by promoting people’s well-being, besides reducing the consumption of electrical energy. The amount of daylighting indoors is related to the construction features, whose parameters are those of the urban legislation, as well as to the location features where the building stands. This research aimed to get a better knowledge of the interference of the urban typologies of Marilândia, Espírito Santo (Brazil), in the availability of daylight in the internal environment. The methodology consisted of the identification and representation of the main typologies found in the city, or of those which might be built due to the current construction law; computer simulations of three sky patterns CIE (3, 7 and 12) using the Troplus 6 program; and the analysis of the results. Founded on this analysis, it was possible to see that the application of the current urban legislation has favored the better use of daylighting inside the constructions through the allowed front setback, which is three meters, and the number of floors allowed in each building, which is eight. As for the use of daylighting, the Typology 03 presented the best performance, making it possible to have a more comfortable environment with better energy savings potential.
Potential of the Residual Fibers of Pisum Sativum (PS), for use in a Development of a Thermal Insulator Material
Authors: Soto M , Vera M , Parra K , Rojas C , Cárdenas J P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the context of climate change, a special interest has been aroused by thermal insulator materials from natural fibers, which can promote sustainable construction in the sector. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of the residual fibers of Pisum Sativum (PS), for their future use in the development of a thermal insulator material with low environmental impact. The physical, chemical and thermal properties of the fiber were determined. The results shows that the residual fiber has a great potential with an extraction of raw material of 11.6%. It shows a good proportion in the length of its fibers and roughness and significant number of grooves, which is verified using a scanning electron microscope and after thermal conductivity tests that indicate a best value of 0.033 W/mK. It is therefore concluded that from the residual fibers of PS, an opportunity is generated for the food residual fibers within the sustainable construction industry, given the proposed innovation and its interesting results, which could contribute with its low environmental impact throughout the life cycle of buildings.
Urban Growth and Sustainability. Case Study, Ribera Norte Project, Concepción, Chile
Authors: Rodríguez M T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
During the last decade of the past century, a new term emerges that extends and introduces all human activity, sustainability. The second World Habitat Conference in Istanbul, under Agenda 21, highlights the role of cities and local authorities in the implementation of the global environment compromises and the generation of life quality and habitat. The design, development and management of “sustainable human communities” points to good urban life quality. Chile joins Agenda 21 and in 1998 promulgates a Law of Environment, together with the launch of various urban projects as mechanisms for recuperation and “relaunching” of its cities. One of these projects was Ribera Norte Project, an initiative that sought to recuperate a degraded area of the city of Concepción and generate urban soil in response of an increasing demand for a sustainable urban growth. The present study attempts to explore the relation and/or articulation between urban growth and sustainability through a concrete urban action, such as the Ribera Norte Project. The objective is to deepen the theoretical knowledge of one of the most discussed urban interventions of the past years in Chile, with the goal to gather lessons about sustainable urban planning in our cities. Starting with the premise that underdeveloped countries have to resolve both problems of urban poverty today and ecological preservation tomorrow, a task that becomes titanic in nature and almost impossible to resolve due to the lack of resources to cover so many urban problems at a time.