bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification of Ciliary Tubulin from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Orbach Ron , Howard Jonathon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCilia and flagella play essential roles in environmental sensing, cell locomotion, and development. These organelles possess a central microtubule–based structure known as the axoneme, which serves as a scaffold and is crucial for the function of cilia. Despite their key roles, the biochemical and biophysical properties of the ciliary proteins are poorly understood. To address this issue, we have developed a novel method to purify functional tubulins from different parts of the axoneme, namely the central pair and B‐tubule. We use the biflagellate green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model organism for studying cilia due to the conserved structure of this organelle, availability of genetic tools and a large collection of mutant strains. Our method yields highly purified functional axonemal tubulins in sufficient quantities to be used for in vitro biochemical and biophysical studies, such as microtubule dynamic assays. It takes 7 to 8 days to grow enough cells; the isolation of the flagella and the purification of the axonemal tubulins require an additional two full days.© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Growth and harvest of large volume of cell cultureSupport Protocol: Assembly of homemade concentration apparatusBasic Protocol 2: Isolation of flagellaBasic Protocol 3: Tubulin extraction and purification
Opportunities for Quantitative Translational Modeling in Oncology
Authors: Yates James W.T. , Byrne Helen , Chapman Sonya C. , Chen Tao , Cucurull‐Sanchez Lourdes , Delgado‐SanMartin Juan , Di Veroli Giovanni , Dovedi Simon J. , Dunlop Carina , Jena Rajesh , Jodrell Duncan , Martin Emma , Mercier Francois , Ramos‐Montoya Antonio , Struemper Herbert , Vicini Paolo 
Published: June 2020

A 2‐day meeting was held by members of the UK Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Network (<http://www.qsp‐uk.net/>) in November 2018 on the topic of Translational Challenges in Oncology. Participants from a wide range of backgrounds were invited to discuss current and emerging modeling applications in nonclinical and clinical drug development, and to identify areas for improvement. This resulting perspective explores opportunities for impactful quantitative pharmacology approaches. Four key themes arose from the presentations and discussions that were held, leading to the following recommendations:

Evaluate the predictivity and reproducibility of animal cancer models through precompetitive collaboration.
Apply mechanism of action (MoA) based mechanistic models derived from nonclinical data to clinical trial data.
Apply MoA reflective models across trial data sets to more robustly quantify the natural history of disease and response to differing interventions.
Quantify more robustly the dose and concentration dependence of adverse events through mathematical modelling techniques and modified trial design.
An unusual detection of tert‐butyl‐4‐anilinopiperidine‐1‐carboxylate in seizures of falsified ‘Xanax’ tablets and in items in a suspected heroin seizure submitted by Irish law enforcement
Authors: May Colette , Downey Carol , Power John D. , Kavanagh Pierce V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe identification of tert‐butyl‐4‐anilinopiperidine‐1‐carboxylate (4‐anilinopiperdine‐t‐BOC or 4‐AP‐t‐BOC) in many seized falsified ‘Xanax’ tablets has been reported after being encountered in forensic casework in late 2019 and early 2020 in Ireland. This substance was also detected in a pink powder submitted for analysis in March 2020. The pink powder was part of a larger seizure comprising brown powders which contained morphine or diamorphine (heroin) or a type of counterfeit heroin or heroin adulterant (known as ‘bash’). Novel benzodiazepines and other substances are being detected as ingredients in falsified benzodiazepine tablets more frequently on the illicit market. The detection of 4‐AP‐t‐BOC in benzodiazepine tablets is noteworthy and 4‐AP‐t‐BOC is added to the list of adulterants found in benzodiazepine tablets emerging in Europe. The presence of 4‐AP‐t‐BOC in both falsified ‘Xanax’ and powdered seizures is unusual, and analytical data are presented to assist with the identification of this compound in suspected illicit substances. The presence of 4‐AP‐t‐BOC in the tablets was confirmed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses, and spectral fragmentation pathways were suggested. To the authors' best knowledge, information about the biological activity of 4‐AP‐t‐BOC is not available. The removal of the t‐BOC protecting group yields 4‐anilinopiperidine which has been reported to be involved in the synthesis of fentanyl.
Advantages of Using Lotteries to Select Participants for High‐Demand Covid‐19 Treatment Trials
Authors: Iyer Alexander A. , Hendriks Saskia , Rid Annette 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTAs hospitals have experienced a surge of Covid‐19 patients, investigators of Covid‐19 treatment trials face a difficult problem: when an institution has more eligible and interested patients than trial slots, who should be enrolled? Defining a clear strategy for selecting participants for “high‐demand” Covid‐19 treatment trials is important to avoid ad hoc and potentially biased decision‐making by local investigators, which could inadvertently compromise a trial's social value, participants’ interests, or fairness. In this article, we propose a set of ethical criteria for evaluating participant‐selection strategies for such trials. We argue that the pandemic context—in particular, great urgency to develop safe and effective treatments, uncertainty surrounding Covid‐19, and strain on the health care system that limits the time and effort available for trial enrollment—favors participant‐selection strategies that optimize the ease of enrollment and, ideally, social value. A lottery and, where possible, a weighted lottery have important advantages in these respects.
Spatiotemporal seismic hazard and risk assessment of M9.0 megathrust earthquake sequences of wood‐frame houses in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Zhang Lizhong , Goda Katsuichiro , Werner Maximilian J. , Tesfamariam Solomon 
Published: June 2020

SummaryMegathrust earthquake sequences, comprising mainshocks and triggered aftershocks along the subduction interface and in the overriding crust, can impact multiple buildings and infrastructure in a city. The time between the mainshocks and aftershocks usually is too short to retrofit the structures; therefore, moderate‐size aftershocks can cause additional damage. To have a better understanding of the impact of aftershocks on city‐wide seismic risk assessment, a new simulation framework of spatiotemporal seismic hazard and risk assessment of future M9.0 sequences in the Cascadia subduction zone is developed. The simulation framework consists of an epidemic‐type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model, ground‐motion model, and state‐dependent seismic fragility model. The spatiotemporal ETAS model is modified to characterise aftershocks of large and anisotropic M9.0 mainshock ruptures. To account for damage accumulation of wood‐frame houses due to aftershocks in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, state‐dependent fragility curves are implemented. The new simulation framework can be used for quasi‐real‐time aftershock hazard and risk assessments and city‐wide post‐event risk management.
Secure mm‐Wave communications with imperfect hardware and uncertain eavesdropper location
Authors: Mashdour Saeed , Moradikia Majid , Yeoh Phee Lep 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article examines the secrecy performance of millimeter‐wave (mm‐Wave) communications with imperfect hardware and uncertain eavesdropper (Eve) location. We consider a multiple‐antenna source communicating with a single‐antenna destination using masked beamforming to transmit the information signals with artificial noise (AN) in the presence of a passive Eve. For this system, we derive new expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and secrecy throughput with mm‐Wave multipath propagation under slow‐fading channel conditions and hardware imperfections. Based on this, optimal power allocation (OPA) solutions are derived for the information and AN signals aimed at minimizing the SOP and maximizing the secrecy throughput. Our results reveal that it is non‐trivial to achieve an OPA solution for the general scenario of imperfect hardware. We also highlight that our proposed masked beamforming with OPA scheme significantly enhances the secrecy throughput compared with the benchmark schemes of maximal‐ratio transmission and equal power allocation.
Interaction of dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota: Microbial metabolism of polyphenols, influence on the gut microbiota, and implications on host health
Authors: Catalkaya Gizem , Venema Koen , Lucini Luigi , Rocchetti Gabriele , Delmas Dominique , Daglia Maria , De Filippis Anna , Xiao Hang , Quiles José L. , Xiao Jianbo , Capanoglu Esra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a vast number of microorganisms that are called as the microbiota. Each individual harbors a unique gut microbial composition, this composition evolves throughout the host's lifetime and it is easily affected by internal or external changes. It has been shown that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host's health and as this complex community has the ability to interact with each other and with the host's immune system, the presence or absence of some major species can affect the homeostasis. Diet can be considered as one of the pivotal factors in modulating the functionality, integrity, and composition of the gut microbiota as the gastrointestinal tract is the first organ exposed to components of the diet. In this review, we have focused on the effects of polyphenols, key compounds of a healthy diet with several biological activities, on the gut microbial composition, their biotransformation by the gut microbiota, and the effect of their reciprocal interactions in human health and disease.
Miocene shells in Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age burials in Poland
Authors: Kurzawska Aldona , Sobkowiak‐Tabaka Iwona , Jakubowski Gwidon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study provides an archaeological interpretation of shell assemblages from Neolithic and Early Bronze Age burials found in Poland based on the identification of fossil shell type and provenience. The taxonomic identification of shells directly points to their source of procurement, which facilitates the understanding of why only some societies used shell ornaments and why only certain species were selected for use in this way. Focusing on artefacts, we present the results of standard methods of analysis used in archaeomalacological research. Strontium isotope analysis 87Sr/86Sr was furthermore applied in the cases for which the exact recognition of species was impossible based on standard methods. The research shows that for the periods discussed, one can observe both the phenomena of the transfer of prestigious objects (Quaternary shells obtained from the Mediterranean) and the transmission of ideas with subsequent local adaptation (the use of local Miocene fossil shells similarly to Quaternary Mediterranean shells). The shells constitute a part of the Neolithic tradition of body ornamentation seen during this period across Europe. The study indicates that fossil shells were only used by some of the communities inhabiting the area of southern Poland in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age and suggests chronological and regional differentiation.
Tobacco control and household tobacco consumption: A tale of two educational groups
Authors: Datta Biplab Kumar , Husain Muhammad Jami , Fazlul Ishtiaque 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince the ratification of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2004, Pakistan has made modest but continued progress in implementing various tobacco control measures. By 2014, substantial progress was achieved in areas of monitoring, mass media antitobacco campaigns, and advertising bans. However, the findings from the 2014 Global Adult Tobacco Survey of Pakistan show significant differences in antitobacco campaign exposure among individuals of different educational attainment. Given this large variation in noticing antitobacco information, this paper analyzes how heterogeneity in treatment exposure may differentially impact tobacco‐use prevalence across household groups. Household‐level tobacco‐use prevalence in 2014 was, respectively, 56% and 48% for the low‐ and high‐education households. The gap in tobacco‐use prevalence between the two educational groups further widens post 2014. We find that, on average, individuals with higher than primary education are 14 percentage points and 6 percentage points more likely to notice anticigarette and antismokeless tobacco information in 2014, respectively. Subsequently, in 2016, high‐education households experienced a 3.6 percentage point higher reduction in tobacco‐use prevalence compared to the low‐education households. These findings motivate policies to enhance the outreach of tobacco control measures across different educational groups.
Mixed convection flow over a stretching sheet of variable thickness: Analytical and numerical solutions of self‐similar equations
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Riaz Nadia , Lu Dianchen , Afridi Muhammad Idrees 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, a mixed convection flow over a nonlinearly stretching sheet of variable thickness is examined. Governing equations are modeled and transformed into dimensionless forms by utilizing dimensionless variables. For further investigation, dimensionless, coupled nonlinear differential equations with suitable boundary conditions are numerically solved using the Matlab built‐in function bvp5c tool, and analytical solutions are also computed using the homotopy analysis method. A comparative study is carried out to check the efficiency and accurateness of the proposed solution methodologies. Convergence of the derived series solutions is carefully checked. The impact of wall thickness parameter, velocity index parameter, Prandtl number, and mixed convection parameter on nondimensional velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number is examined. The novelty of this examination is that the dimensionless equations are self‐similar in the presence of mixed convection. These self‐similar equations are acquired by establishing a relationship between velocity and temperature power index parameters, and similarity solutions exist only for a particular form of variable surface temperature.
Analytical investigation of polar fluid flow with induced magnetic field in concentric annular region
Authors: Panigrahi Lipika , Panda Jayaprakash , Kumar Devendra , Sahoo Sudhansu S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe influence of microrotational velocity on a fully developed laminar, natural convection flow in vertical concentric annuli in the presence of radial magnetic field between two nonconducting vertical concentric annuli is investigated in the present study. The induced magnetic field is generated due to the motion of an electrically conducting fluid in the annulus; the polar fluid has been considered in the present analysis. Transport equations such as momentum, energy, polar fluid, and induced magnetic field are solved analytically for the isothermal case. The effects of the different pertinent parameters of the present model are obtained and analyzed after verification of present methodology. The effects of the Hartmann number, the gap between two cylinders, and vertex viscosity parameters on velocity profiles, induced magnetic field, induced current density, and microrotational velocity profiles are studied. It is observed that the velocity profile and induced magnetic field decrease due to the vertex viscosity parameter; the Hartmann number accelerates the velocity of the microrotation; the induced current density profile decreases for both the Hartmann number and vertex viscosity parameter. The Hartmann number reduces the magnitude of mass flux and skin frictions at the inner and outer cylinder.
Transient free convective hydromagnetic flow in an infinite vertical cylinder with Hall current and heat source/sink
Authors: Dwivedi Naveen , Singh Ashok Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe analysis of hydromagnetic flow has been a concern of consideration for research scientists and engineers. In this treatise, the unsteady hydromagnetic free convective flow of an incompressible, viscous, and electrically conducting fluid and heat transfer in a vertical cylinder with Hall effects and transverse magnetic field, in the presence of heat source and sink, is studied. Exact solutions of dimensionless unsteady governing equations are obtained by using the Laplace transform technique. Transient fluid velocity and temperature field are depicted by graphs, whereas heat transfer rate, mass flux, and skin‐friction are computed in a tabular form for different physical parametric values, such as the source/sink parameter, Hall current parameter, Prandtl number, and Hartmann number. The valuable result from the investigation is that the Hall parameter slightly accelerates the fluid velocity and it provides resistance to the skin friction at the cylindrical surface. Moreover, it is noticeable that temperature as well as velocity enhances and finally gets to its steady state with time. To be noted, the Hall effects have been widely applied in numerous experimental engineering applications, such as constrictions of turbines, Hall accelerators, Hall sensors.
Performance of the novel design thermoelectric cooling system
Authors: Kabeel A. E. , Mousa M. G. , Abdelaziz Moataz M. , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar , Abdelgaied Mohamed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThermoelectric coolers (TECs) have been used for cooling electrical elements of high dissipating energy to provide a fixed temperature, with the advantages of being reliable, noiseless, tightly packed, with no moving parts as well as no harmful gases. As high performance of TECs is required, developed emerging thermoelectric (TE) materials can be employed to enhance their performance. Hence, this study provides an experimental investigation to study the effect of different operational parameters on the performance of the TE cooling system including the system coefficient of performance (COP) and the rate of heat transfer. The parameters investigated are the applied input power, inlet working fluid velocity, and the arrangement of utilized TECs modules. The used test rig consists of two attached horizontal ducts, and the interface surface between them contains three TE modules, each of power 48 W. The applied input power and the working fluid flow rate range from 16 to 48 W and from 0.0025 to 0.01 L/min, respectively. Results show that the maximum COP occurs at lower values of applied input power. A noticeable enhancement in the COP is found when all TEC modules are in use. A new correlation of the COP of the TEC system is obtained.
Hall and ion‐slip effects on steady MHD free convective flow through a porous medium in a vertical microchannel
Authors: Sadiq Basha P. M. , Veera Krishna M. , Nagarathna N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe have considered the steady fully developed magnetohydrodynamic free convection flow through a porous medium in a microchannel bounded by two infinite vertical parallel plates due to asymmetric heating of plates taking Hall and ion‐slip effects into account. Effects of velocity slip and temperature jump have been considered on the microchannel surfaces, and the exact solutions have been obtained for momentum and energy equations under relevant boundary conditions. The influence of governing parameters on flow formation is discussed with the aid of graphs. The significant result from the study is that an increase in the value of rarefaction parameter leads to enhancement in volume flow rate. Furthermore, it is evident that the volume flow rate is found to be an increasing function of the Hall current parameter.
Promoting fairness in English insolvency valuation cases
Authors: Vaccari Eugenio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis is the second part of a comprehensive study on fair measurement of value in English insolvency law. The author has already demonstrated in a previous article the importance of posing and responding to questions about fairness in the insolvency process. That article developed a specific framework to measure whether assets and businesses are fairly valued in insolvency and bankruptcy cases. The proposed communitarian, fairness‐oriented framework is based on a modified version of Rawls, Finch and Radin's concepts of fairness. It evidenced that, when assessed against fairness, none of the valuation techniques currently available to the courts are without limitations. Building on the findings of this previous work, this article investigates whether English case law: (i) achieves a fair valuation of the debtor's assets and business; and (ii) protects interested parties (mainly creditors and shareholders) who have realistic prospects of receiving a distribution‐ against unfair harm.
Caffeine reduces the toxicity of albendazole and carbamazepine to the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Diniz Vinicius , Reyes Gabriela M. , Rath Susanne , Cunha Davi G. F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are emerging contaminants that have been widely detected in water bodies in the last decades, with ecological effects toward aquatic biota that have not been fully elucidated. Most studies concerning their toxicity to microalgae have only considered short‐term individual PhAC exposure, rather than combined exposure to several compounds for longer time periods. In this study, we investigated the effects of albendazole (ABZ) (anthelmintic) and carbamazepine (antiepileptic), alone and in combination with caffeine, on the growth and production of chlorophyll‐a of the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata, during 16 days of exposure. ABZ alone had a more significant effect than carbamazepine alone on the growth rate and maximum cell density of the microalgae (p < .05; analysis of variance). These results were probably related to the effect of ABZ in inhibiting enzyme complexes and cell membrane proteins related to adenosine triphosphate synthesis, which is important for cell growth. The presence of caffeine lowered the toxicities of ABZ and carbamazepine to the microalgae, probably due to its antioxidant properties, positively affecting chlorophyll‐a production, growth rate, and maximum cell density. Thus, caffeine had an antagonistic interaction with the studied PhACs. The results reinforce the importance of ecotoxicological assays that compare individual and combined PhAC exposure conditions. Our findings highlighted that caffeine can be a relevant factor influencing such assays, considering its widespread occurrence in impacted water bodies.
Ternary codes, biplanes, and the nonexistence of some quasisymmetric and quasi‐3 designs
Authors: Munemasa Akihiro , Tonchev Vladimir D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe dual codes of the ternary linear codes of the residual designs of biplanes on 56 points are used to prove the nonexistence of quasisymmetric 2‐ and 2‐ designs with intersection numbers 0 and 3, and the nonexistence of a 2‐ quasi‐3 design. The nonexistence of a 2‐ quasi‐3 design is also proved.