bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality and Chemical Composition of Cajuput Oil from Moluccas and Papua
Authors: Idrus S , Radiena M S , Sumarsana  , Smith H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Melaleuca leucadendron Linn is a type of cajuput oil producer was found in the Moluccas are mostly on the Buru Island and West Seram, while Asteromyrtus brasii is a type that is found in Wasur National Park, Merauke, Papua. This study aims to decide on the chemical content and physical properties of cajuput oil that distilled from Melaleuca leucadindron leaves from Moluccas and A. brasii which grow in meet Wasur National Park. Analysis of the chemical content of essential oils was carried out using the Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometer method. Physical properties analysis was carried out using the method according to SNI 06-3954-2006. The test results showed that the quality of cajuput oil from Melaleuca leucadendron the SNI 06-3954-2006 standard, while type A. brasii did not meet the quality requirements based on SNI 06-3954-2006. The results obtained from the test using the GCMS method showed that there were 26 peaks with the highest peak being 1.8 cineole. The content of 1.8 cineole from Buru Island at 61.69%, West Barat at 70.22% and Wasur National Park at 34.88%.
Characteristics Squalene of Smallfin Gulper Shark (Centrophorus moluccensis) Livers From Aru Islands, Mollucas, Indonesia
Authors: Hadinoto S , Idrus S , Smith H , Sumarsana  , Radiena M S Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Smallfin gulper sharks (Centrophorus moluccensis) commercially exploited as food ingredient and contain high squalene in their livers. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality and composition of smallfin gulper shark liver oil compounds from the Aru Island waters, Mollucas, Indonesia. Smallfin gulper shark liver oil extraction uses a dry rendering method. The quality was analyzed based on the analysis procedure in SNI 01-2730-1992 regarding the quality standards of fish oil. Meanwhile, to find out the fatty acid content, an analysis was performed using GC-MS. The results showed that the quality of smallfin gulper shark liver oil generally met the quality standard with a yield of 83%, while the compounds composition was dominated by squalene compound of the remaining 95.10% in the form of palmitic acid, α-linolenic acid, EPA and DHA.
Canarium Nut Powder Formulations for Making Crispy Cookies
Authors: Tuhumury H C D , Souripet A , Maadara A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Almond has been used as basic ingredients in making of crispy cookies. However, almond nut is not native to Indonesia and usually grows in sub-tropical regions with the highest producer from USA. Therefore, other tree-nut species can be used to replace almond in bakery products especially crispy cookies. One alternative is canarium nut (Canarium indicum L). This research was aimed to determine the exact formulation of canarium nut powder in order to replace almond nut in the making of crispy cookies based on its chemical and sensory characteristics. A Completely Randomized Experimental Design with 5 levels of treatments, i.e: K0: Control (20% almond powder), K1: 10% canarium powder, K2: 20% canarium powder, K3: 30% canarium powder, K4 : 40% canarium powder. Results showed that canarium nut powder could be used as a replacement to almond powder for making crispy cookies. The canarium nut powder of 40% was the best treatment to replace almond powder in order to produce crispy cookies with desired characteristics of moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate content of 0.66%, 1.60%, 6.40%, 23.29%, 1.23%, and 67.82%, respectively. Crispy cookies with 40% canarium nut powder had sensory characteristics of colour, aroma, taste, crispiness, and overall likeness that were slightly better than the control of 20% almond powder.
Estimate the Primary Parameters of Extreme Earthquake on Banda Sea, Indonesia
Authors: Kelibulin J R , Andayany H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Extreme earthquake events always have an impact on human life, when the intensity of events becomes greater than a certain intensity it will cause disaster. The intensity of a small earthquake occurs at any time without significant side effects. Based on statistical analysis it was revealed that earthquakes with greater intensity occur more difficult than small intensities. In the discussion, earthquake data showed that there were fluctuations in earthquake events which indicated a different maximum earthquake. Thus, major disasters occur because a small portion of major events occurs. The Banda Sea Region is an active earthquake area that contains earthquake events above magnitude 5 Richter scale (Rs) each year with a total average of above 815 major earthquake news during 1970-2018. The results of seismic studies in the Banda Sea region show a return period of 7.5 Rs magnitude earthquake quake is around 48 years and a probability of around 0.020%. Magnitude 7.0 Rs earthquake has a repetition interval of around (12-17) years with a probability of around 0.061%. In this study the analysis of earthquake probabilities and earthquake magnitude in the span of 30 years. An earthquake measuring (5.5-6.5) Rs, for example, has a probability of 100%, but if an earthquake measuring 7.7 Rs is chosen, the probability drops to 46%.
Analysis the Main Parameters of Seismicity in the Seram Sea, Indonesia
Authors: Kelibulin J R , Andayany H , Loyme I R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Seram Sea is one of several small seas in the Indonesian archipelago and part of the Pacific Ocean which has very active tectonic activity. In this research, the data used are the recorded data of the Seram Sea earthquake and its surroundings in the period (1968-2018) with the strength of the earthquake (magnitude) ≥ 4 Richter scale (Rs). Based on the results of the analysis carried out, the seismicity parameter has the lowest b-value in the Seram Sea Region 3, which is 0.7986 and a- value is 5.8256. This occurred because this area has a greater amount of earthquakes to occur with a large magnitude due to high-stress levels. The largest Seismicity Index in the Seram Sea Region 3 is 0.0232. Region 3 in the Seram Sea has a fractal dimension (D) close to 1 indicating that in this region the source distribution in 1D. The slip ratio is close to 0.6609 which means that approximately 66.09% of the total relative shifts (slips) occur in the primary fault.
Seismic Property and Its Effect on Abrasion in the West Leihitu Coastal region, Ambon Island
Authors: Lokollo R R , Kelibulin J R , Wattimena A Z 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This research was carried out in the West Leihitu coastal region, Ambon Island. The purpose of this study is to study seismic properties and their effects on coastal abrasion based on seismic geological conditions as an indicator of abrasion rate. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values of each coastal area have a range (19,722-41,130) gal, with the highest value in the Negeri Liliboi at 41,130 gal. PGA values do not represent Ground Shear Strain (GGS) levels or have an impact on rock deformation in coastal areas. This can be seen from the GGS of the Negeri Liliboi coastal area which is higher (γ = 1.459 × 10-5) when compared to Negeri Alang coastal area (γ = 2,561 × 10-5) although the Peak Land Acceleration (PGA) value is large. Based on these results, Negeri Alang and Negeri Liliboy have high soil susceptibility resulting in soil structure cracking and soil degradation. This is the potential for abrasion in coastal areas. Geological conditions on the West Leihitu coastal region consist of land classification types II, III and IV namely gravel sand, alluvial rocks, and buff formations and alluvial rocks formed from sedimentation with a very thick layer thickness in general.
Mineral Analysis and Physical Characteristics of Beach Sands in
Latuhalat and Suli Village to Support the Beach Geotourism of the Maluku
Province
Authors: Sapulete S M , Souisa M , Salelatu T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
From the aspect of the earth, the Maluku islands are a unique formation. Because
Maluku is at the confluence of four world plates (Indo-Australian plate, Pacific
plate, Philippine sea plate and Eurasian plate) so it has an interesting
geological structure. One of unique formation is having thousands of islands
with charming white sand beaches. White sand beaches are part of the geotourism
diversity in Maluku, so research is conducted at Latuhalat (Santai and Namalatu
beaches) and Suli (Natsepa beach) which aim to identify the shape and size of
beach sand, analyze mineral content using the X-RD and X-RF methods. The results
showed the shape of sand grains in the Santai and Namalatu beaches of Latuhalat
Village were identified as oval-shaped irregularly with an average size of
Santai sand grains of 0.12 mm and Namalatu sand of 0.21 mm. While the shape of
sand grains in Natsepa beach, Suli Village was identified as spherical with an
average grain size of 0.10 mm. Beaches in the three locations are classified as
types of sandy beaches (sand sediments) with sandstone rock types. Sand on the
Namalatu beach, Santai beach, and Natsepa beach has very fine to medium grain
size andcontains Aragonite (CaCO3) and Quartz (SiO2) minerals that are dominant.
The shape and size of the grains of sand and its constituent minerals are very
good to support the Namalatu and Santai beach geotourism in Latuhalat Village
and Natsepa beach in Suli Village.
Control System of Multitasking Interactions between Society 5.0 and
Industry 5.0: A Conceptual Introduction & Its Applications
Authors: Elim H I , Zhai G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The basic concept of control system of multitasking interactions between Society
5.0 and Industry 5.0 (MISI-5.5) is presented in order to have a critical
thinking or expert thinking for facing a current complex life of man on earth.
The integration of internet of things (IoT), big data (BD), and artificial
intelligence (AI) associated with living (L), mobility (M), and working (W) of a
person on earth was derived based on their unseparated links in the language of
a couple three differential equation particularly from the wisdom extracted
according to the knowledge and understanding of current sophisticated
nanotechnology system. Finally, the relationship between control system and its
feedback can be easily formulated in a matrix system so that the whole big
picture of such multitasking interactions is obviously understandable. The
impacts of this work are applicable to various actions and reactions in many
different fields such as herbal medicines, airplanes, robots, birds, animals, or
human being because of its fundamental contribution.
Frequency of and risk factors for potentially inappropriate medication use in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Abraham Danielle S , Pham Nguyen Thanh Phuong , Hennessy Sean , Weintraub Daniel , Gray Shelly L , Xie Dawei , Willis Allison W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
impairments in neurotransmitter pathways put Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients at risk for drug–disease interactions and adverse medication events.

Objective
to determine the prevalence and risk factors for potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescriptions, as defined by the 2015 Beers List, in PD.

Methods
cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 2014 Medicare beneficiaries with PD who had parts A, B and D coverage. The prevalence of PIM prescriptions for older adults was determined overall, and specifically for medications that can exacerbate motor symptoms or cognitive impairment in PD. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine the association between age, sex, race, geography and poverty with PIM prescriptions.

Results
the final sample included 458,086 beneficiaries. In 2014, 35.8% of beneficiaries with PD filled a prescription for at least one PIM for older adults. In total, 8.7% of beneficiaries received a PIM that could exacerbate motor symptoms and 29.0% received a PIM that could worsen cognitive impairment. After adjustment, in all models, beneficiaries who were younger, female, white, urban-dwelling and eligible for Medicaid benefits were more likely to receive a PIM.

Conclusion
PIM prescriptions are not uncommon in PD, particularly for medications that can exacerbate cognitive impairment. Future research will examine underlying drivers of sex and other disparities in PIM prescribing. Additional studies are needed to understand the impact of PIMs on disease symptoms, healthcare utilisation and patient outcomes.
Revision, endorsement and the analysis of meaning
Authors: Podosky Paul-Mikhail Catapang , Tanter Kai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecently there has been much philosophical interest in the analysis of concepts to determine whether they should be removed, revised, or replaced. Enquiry of this kind is referred to as conceptual engineering or conceptual ethics. We will call it revisionary conceptual analysis (RCA). It standardly involves describing the meaning of a concept, evaluating whether it serves its purposes, and prescribing what it should mean. However, this stands in tension with prescriptivism, a metasemantic view which holds that all meaning claims are prescriptions. If prescriptivism is correct, then one is faced with two options: either (1) give up on the possibility of RCA, or (2) come up with a version of RCA that is consistent with the idea that all meaning claims are prescriptive. In this paper we offer an argument for (2).
Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson Dementia Distinguished by Cognitive Marker
Authors: Kozlova Irina , Parra Mario A , Titova Nataliya , Gantman Maria , Sala Sergio Della 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Temporary memory binding (TMB) has been shown to be specifically affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) when it is assessed via free recall and titrating the task demands to equate baseline performance across patients.

Methods
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) were subdivided into patients with and without cognitive impairment and compared with AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients on their performance on the TMB.

Results
The results show that only patients with AD dementia present with impaired TMB performance. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that TMB holds high sensitivity and specificity for aMCI and AD relative to PD groups and healthy controls.

Conclusion
The TMB is sensitive to the neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to AD dementia but not to those underpinning PD dementia. As such, TMB task can aid the differential diagnosis of these common forms of dementia.
Reward Timing and Its Expression by Inhibitory Interneurons in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Monk Kevin J , Allard Simon , Hussain Shuler Marshall G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The primary sensory cortex has historically been studied as a low-level feature detector, but has more recently been implicated in many higher-level cognitive functions. For instance, after an animal learns that a light predicts water at a fixed delay, neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) can produce “reward timing activity” (i.e., spike modulation of various forms that relate the interval between the visual stimulus and expected reward). Local manipulations to V1 implicate it as a site of learning reward timing activity (as opposed to simply reporting timing information from another region via feedback input). However, the manner by which V1 then produces these representations is unknown. Here, we combine behavior, in vivo electrophysiology, and optogenetics to investigate the characteristics of and circuit mechanisms underlying V1 reward timing in the head-fixed mouse. We find that reward timing activity is present in mouse V1, that inhibitory interneurons participate in reward timing, and that these representations are consistent with a theorized network architecture. Together, these results deepen our understanding of V1 reward timing and the manner by which it is produced.
Clinical and Immunologic Outcomes After Immediate or Deferred Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation During Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The Sabes Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Lama Javier R , Ignacio Rachel A Bender , Alfaro Ricardo , Rios Jessica , Cartagena Jorge Gallardo , Valdez Rogelio , Bain Carolyn , Barbarán Karin Sosa , Villaran Manuel V , Pilcher Christopher D , Gonzales Pedro , Sanchez Jorge , Duerr Ann 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
In addition to demonstrated public health benefits on reducing transmission, it remains unclear how early antiretroviral therapy (ART) must be started after acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to maximize individual benefits.

Methods
We conducted an open-label randomized clinical study in Lima, Peru among adult men who have sex with men and transgender women with acute (HIV-antibody negative/HIV-1 RNA positive) or recent (confirmed negative HIV-antibody or RNA test within 3 months) HIV infection, who were randomized to start ART immediately versus defer by 24 weeks. We evaluated outcomes by treatment arm and immunologic markers by days since estimated date of detectible infection (EDDI).

Results
Of 216 participants, 105 were assigned to immediate arm and 111 to deferred arm (median age 26.8 years, 37% with acute HIV). The incidence of non-ART-related adverse events was lower in immediate versus deferred arm (83 vs 123/100 person-years, IRR 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] .47, .95; P = .02), the difference dominated by fewer infections in those treated immediately. After 24 weeks of ART, between-group differences in CD4/CD8 cell ratio lessened (P = .09 overall), but differences between those initiating ART ≤ 30 days from EDDI (median 1.03, interquartile range [IQR] 0.84, 1.37), and those initiating &gt; 90 days (0.88, IQR 0.61, 1.11) remained, P = .02. Principal components analysis of 20 immune biomarkers demonstrated distinct patterns between those starting ART &gt; 90 days from EDDI versus those starting within 30 or 90 days (both P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the only evaluation of randomized ART initiation during primary HIV and provides evidence to explicitly consider acute HIV in World Health Organization recommendations for universal ART.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01815580.
Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis in Denmark From 2015 to 2019—A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Herlin Laura Krogh , Hansen Kristoffer Skaalum , Bodilsen Jacob , Larsen Lykke , Brandt Christian , Andersen Christian Østergaard , Hansen Birgitte Rønde , Lüttichau Hans Rudolf , Helweg-Larsen Jannik , Wiese Lothar , Storgaard Merete , Nielsen Henrik , Mogensen Trine H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Knowledge of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of varicella zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis remains limited.

Methods
Nationwide prospective cohort study of adults treated for microbiologically confirmed VZV encephalitis at Danish departments of infectious diseases from 2015 to 2019. Modified Poisson regression analysis was used to compute adjusted relative risks (RRs) of unfavorable outcome.

Results
We identified 92 adults (49% female) with VZV encephalitis, yielding an incidence of 5.3/1 000 000 per year (95% CI, 4.2–6.6). Median age was 75 years (IQR, 67–83) and immunocompromising conditions were frequent (39%). Predominant symptoms were confusion (76%), headache (56%), nausea (45%), gait disturbance (42%), and personality changes (41%). Cranial imaging showed cerebral vasculitis (including infarction and hemorrhage) in 14 (16%) patients and encephalitic abnormalities in 11 (13%) with predilection for the brainstem and deep brain structures. Intravenous acyclovir treatment was initiated a median (IQR) of 13.4 hours (5.2–46.3) since admission, while cranial imaging and lumbar puncture were performed after 6.3 hours (2.5–31.0) and 18.5 hours (4.9–42.0). In-hospital, 1-month, and 3-month mortalities were 4%, 9%, and 11%, respectively. Unfavorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score of 1–4) was found in 69% at discharge, with age (adjusted RR [aRR], 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.03), vasculitis (aRR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.02–1.86), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) &lt;15 (aRR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.01–1.73) identified as independent risk factors.

Conclusions
VZV encephalitis occurs primarily in elderly or immunocompromised patients with a higher incidence than previously estimated. The diagnosis is often delayed; risk factors for unfavorable outcome are age, cerebral vasculitis, and GCS &lt;15.
FerrDb: a manually curated resource for regulators and markers of ferroptosis and ferroptosis-disease associations
Authors: Zhou Nan , Bao Jinku 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Ferroptosis is a mode of regulated cell death that depends on iron. Cells die from the toxic accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species. Ferroptosis is tightly linked to a variety of human diseases, such as cancers and degenerative diseases. The ferroptotic process is complicated and consists of a wide range of metabolites and biomolecules. Although great progress has been achieved, the mechanism of ferroptosis remains enigmatic. We have currently entered an era of extensive knowledge advancement, and thus, it is important to find ways to organize and utilize data efficiently. We have observed a high-quality knowledge base of ferroptosis research is lacking. In this study, we downloaded 784 ferroptosis articles from the PubMed database. Ferroptosis regulators and markers and associated diseases were extracted from these articles and annotated. In summary, 253 regulators (including 108 drivers, 69 suppressors, 35 inducers and 41 inhibitors), 111 markers and 95 ferroptosis-disease associations were found. We then developed FerrDb, the first manually curated database for regulators and markers of ferroptosis and ferroptosis-disease associations. The database has a user-friendly interface, and it will be updated every 6 months to offer long-term service. FerrDb is expected to help researchers acquire insights into ferroptosis.

Database URL: http://www.zhounan.org/ferrdb
Genetic Variability of Ceraeochrysa cincta, Ceraeochrysa claveri, and Ceraeochrysa cubana (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Populations in Agroecosystems of Southeast Brazil
Authors: Santos Amanda de Faria , Barbosa Nara C Chiarini Pena , Thomazini Thaís Coelho , Morales Adriana Coletto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe species of the genus Ceraeochrysa, known as green lacewings or trash-carriers, are widely distributed along the Americas and its islands. In Brazil, 28 species are found, including Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider), Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás), and Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen). These species are recorded on many crops, where they are often used for biological control. For this use, knowledge of the genetic features of the species is extremely important because they are associated to the species’ ability to withstand different conditions in new environments, such as variations of temperature and presence of pathogens. However, little is known about the genetic features of Ceraeochrysa species. Here, we analyze and compare the distribution of the genetic variability of C. cincta, C. claveri, and C. cubana in agroecosystem populations of southeast Brazil. We found a high genetic diversity in each of the three species, and no strong genetic structure was detected, such that genetic diversity is broadly shared among the crops and localities analyzed. We can conclude that there was a high gene flow among the sampled Ceraeochrysa populations (natural or driven by anthropic action) since the exchange of seedlings among crops can lead to the distribution of the specimens.