bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of infliximab and adalimumab treatment in a large cohort of juvenile dermatomyositis patients
Authors:   for the Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group (JDRG), Campanilho-Marques Raquel , Deakin Claire T. , Simou Stefania , Papadopoulou Charalampia , Wedderburn Lucy R. , Pilkington Clarissa A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Anti-TNF treatment may be useful for the treatment of patients with refractory juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). The aim of this study was to describe the use of infliximab and adalimumab therapy in juvenile dermatomyositis as an adjunctive treatment.

Methods
Sixty children recruited to the UK JDM Cohort and Biomarker Study that had received at least 3 months of anti-TNF treatment (infliximab or adalimumab) were studied. Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT8) and physician’s global assessment (PGA) were recorded. Skin disease was assessed using the modified skin disease activity score (DAS). Data were analysed using Friedman’s test for repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results
Compared to baseline, there were improvements at 6 and 12 months in skin disease (χ2(2) = 15.52, p = 0.00043), global disease (χ2(2) = 8.14, p = 0.017) and muscle disease (CMAS χ2(2) = 17.02, p = 0.0002 and MMT χ2(2) = 10.56, p = 0.005) in infliximab patients. For patients who switched from infliximab to adalimumab, there was improvement in global disease activity (χ2(2) = 6.73, p = 0.03), and trends towards improvement in CMAS, MMT8 and modified DAS. The median initial prednisolone dose was 6 [0–10] mg, and final was 2.5 [0–7.5] mg (p < 0.0001). Fifty-four per cent of patients had a reduction in the number and/or size of calcinosis lesions. Twenty-five per cent switched their anti-TNF treatment from infliximab to adalimumab. 66.7%of the switches were to improve disease control, 26.7% due to adverse events and 6.6% due to patient preference. A total of 13.9 adverse reactions occurred in 100 patient-years, of which 5.7 were considered serious.

Conclusion
Reductions in muscle and skin disease, including calcinosis, were seen following treatment with infliximab and adalimumab.
Transgenic conversion of ω-6 to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids via fat-1 reduces the severity of post-traumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Kimmerling Kelly A. , Oswald Sara J. , Huebner Janet L. , Little Dianne , Kraus Virginia B. , Kang Jing X. , Wu Chia-Lung , Guilak Farshid 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Dietary fatty acid (FA) content has been shown to influence the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in obesity. We used the fat-1 transgenic mouse to examine the hypothesis that endogenous reduction of ω-6 to ω-3 FA ratio, under the same dietary conditions, would mitigate metabolic inflammation and the pathogenesis of PTOA in obese male and female mice.

Methods
Male and female fat-1 and wild-type littermates were fed either a control diet or an ω-6 FA-rich high-fat diet and underwent destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery to induce PTOA. OA severity, synovitis, and osteophyte formation were determined histologically, while biomarker and lipidomic analyses were performed to evaluate levels of adipokines, insulin, pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and FAs in serum and joint synovial fluid. Multivariable models were performed to elucidate the associations of dietary, metabolic, and mechanical factors with PTOA.

Results
We found that elevated serum levels of ω-3 FAs in fat-1 mice as compared to wild-type controls fed the same diet resulted in reduced OA and synovitis in a sex- and diet-dependent manner, despite comparable body weights. The fat-1 mice showed trends toward decreased serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines. Multivariable analysis for variables predicting OA severity in mice resulted in correlations with serum FA levels, but not with body weight.

Conclusions
This study provides further evidence that circulating FA composition and systemic metabolic inflammation, rather than body weight, may be the major risk factor for obesity-associated OA. We also demonstrate the potential genetic use of ω-3 FA desaturase in mitigating PTOA in obese patients following injury.
Antibacterial activity of ethoxzolamide against Helicobacter pylori strains SS1 and 26695
Authors: Rahman Mohammad M. , Tikhomirova Alexandra , Modak Joyanta K. , Hutton Melanie L. , Supuran Claudiu T. , Roujeinikova Anna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the rise of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics, re-purposing of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs currently used to treat non-bacteria related diseases as new leads for antibacterial drug discovery has become an attractive alternative. Ethoxzolamide (EZA), an FDA-approved diuretic acting as a human carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is known to kill the gastric pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori in vitro via an, as yet, unknown mechanism. To date, EZA activity and resistance have been investigated for only one H. pylori strain, P12. We have now performed a susceptibility and resistance study with H. pylori strains SS1 and 26695. Mutants resistant to EZA were isolated, characterized and their genomes sequenced. Resistance-conferring mutations were confirmed by backcrossing the mutations into the parent strain. As with P12, resistance to EZA in strains SS1 and 26695 does not develop easily, since the rate of spontaneous resistance acquisition was less than 10−8. Acquisition of resistance was associated with mutations in 3 genes in strain SS1, and in 6 different genes in strain 26695, indicating that EZA targets multiple systems. All resistant isolates had mutations affecting cell wall synthesis and control of gene expression. EZA’s potential for treating duodenal ulcers has already been demonstrated. Our findings suggest that EZA may be developed into a novel anti-H. pylori drug.
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Arcobacter species in human stool samples derived from out- and inpatients: the prospective German Arcobacter prevalence study Arcopath
Authors: Brückner Vanessa , Fiebiger Ulrike , Ignatius Ralf , Friesen Johannes , Eisenblätter Martin , Höck Marlies , Alter Thomas , Bereswill Stefan , Gölz Greta , Heimesaat Markus M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Arcobacter species, particularly A. butzleri, but also A. cryaerophilus constitute emerging pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans. However, isolation of Arcobacter may often fail during routine diagnostic procedures due to the lack of standard protocols. Furthermore, defined breakpoints for the interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibilities of Arcobacter are missing. Hence, reliable epidemiological data of human Arcobacter infections are scarce and lacking for Germany. We therefore performed a 13-month prospective Arcobacter prevalence study in German patients.

Results
A total of 4636 human stool samples was included and Arcobacter spp. were identified from 0.85% of specimens in 3884 outpatients and from 0.40% of specimens in 752 hospitalized patients. Overall, A. butzleri was the most prevalent species (n = 24; 67%), followed by A. cryaerophilus (n = 10; 28%) and A. lanthieri (n = 2; 6%). Whereas A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. lanthieri were identified in outpatients, only A. butzleri could be isolated from samples of hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Arcobacter isolates revealed high susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin, whereas bimodal distributions of MICs were observed for azithromycin and ampicillin.

Conclusions
In summary, Arcobacter including A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. lanthieri could be isolated in 0.85% of German outpatients and ciprofloxacin rather than other antibiotics might be appropriate for antibiotic treatment of infections. Further epidemiological studies are needed, however, to provide a sufficient risk assessment of Arcobacter infections in humans.
Effect of inspiratory muscle-loaded exercise training on peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory response during incremental exercise under normoxia and hypoxia
Authors: Ogawa Takeshi , Nagao Maiko , Fujii Naoto , Nishiyasu Takeshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough numerous studies have reported the effect of inspiratory muscle training for improving exercise performance, the outcome of whether exercise performance is improved by inspiratory muscle training is controversial. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of inspiratory muscle-loaded exercise training (IMLET) on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), respiratory responses, and exercise performance under normoxic (N) and hypoxic (H) exercise conditions. We hypothesised that IMLET enhances respiratory muscle strength and improves respiratory response, thereby improvingVO2peakand work capacity under H condition.MethodsSixteen university track runners (13 men and 3 women) were randomly assigned to the IMLET (n = 8) or exercise training (ET) group (n = 8). All subjects underwent 4 weeks of 20-min 60%VO2peakcycling exercise training, thrice per week. IMLET loaded 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure during exercise. At pre- and post-training periods, subjects performed exhaustive incremental cycling under normoxic (N; 20.9 ± 0%) and hypoxic (H; 15.0 ± 0.1%) conditions.ResultsAlthough maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) significantly increased after training in both groups, the extent of PImax increase was significantly higher in the IMLET group (from 102 ± 20 to 145 ± 26 cmH2O in IMLET; from 111 ± 23 to 127 ± 23 cmH2O in ET;P < 0.05). In both groups,VO2peakand maximal work load (Wmax) similarly increased both under N and H conditions after training (P < 0.05). Further, the extent of Wmaxdecrease under H condition was lower in the IMLET group at post-training test than at pre-training (from − 14.7 ± 2.2% to − 12.5 ± 1.7%;P < 0.05). Maximal minute ventilation in both N and H conditions increased after training than in the pre-training period.ConclusionsOur IMLET enhanced the respiratory muscle strength, and the decrease in work capacity under hypoxia was reduced regardless of the increase inVO2peak.
Comparative evaluation of 68Ga-labelled TATEs: the impact of chelators on imaging
Authors: Xia Yuxiao , Zeng Chengrun , Zhao Yanhong , Zhang Xinyi , Li Zibo , Chen Yue 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
68Ga-labelled peptides targeting somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) have demonstrated encouraging results in managing patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). In addition to metal chelation, bifunctional chelators have also been found to impact imaging outcomes due to their differences in stability, charge, hydrophilicity, etc. In the present work, a comparative pharmacokinetic evaluation and imaging characteristics were performed between 68Ga-labelled somatostatin analogues (TATE) using NOTA (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid) and DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) as bifunctional chelating agents (BFCAs).

Results
Both 68Ga-NOTA-TATE and 68Ga-DOTA-TATE were obtained with high radiochemical purity. 68Ga-NOTA-TATE demonstrated higher in vitro stability (≥ 99%) than 68Ga-DOTA-TATE (≥ 95%) after 3 h of incubation. The water solubilities (partition coefficients, − 1.76 ± 0.06 vs. − 2.72 ± 0.16) and plasma protein binding rates (12.12% vs. 30.6%) were lower for 68Ga-NOTA-TATE than for 68Ga-DOTA-TATE. Differential pharmacokinetics and comparable tumour affinities (within 1 h) were observed in AR42J tumour-bearing mice. Healthy volunteer imaging studies showed comparable distribution patterns of these two imaging agents. However, the maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of the two tracers varied in each organ. The two PET agents demonstrated almost identical SUVmax values in the kidneys. 68Ga-NOTA-TATE did have a lower SUVmax in most other organs compared with 68Ga-DOTA-TATE, including the liver (4.2 vs. 10.1), potentially due to the lower protein binding rate.

Conclusion
68Ga-NOTA-TATE and 68Ga-DOTA-TATE demonstrated comparable tumour uptake in an AR42J mouse model. An initial clinical study revealed that 68Ga-NOTA-TATE may have reduced background uptake in the major organs such as the liver. Although the subject numbers were limited, further investigation of 68Ga-NOTA-TATE is warranted for detecting SSTR2-positive neuroendocrine tumours.
Generalizations of some classical theorems to D-normal operators on Hilbert spaces
Authors: Dana M. , Yousefi R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe say that a Drazin invertible operatorTon Hilbert space is of class$[DN]$[DN]if$T^{D}T^{*} = T^{*}T^{D}$TDT∗=T∗TD. The authors in (Oper. Matrices 12(2):465–487, 2018) studied several properties of this class. We prove the Fuglede–Putnam commutativity theorem for D-normal operators. Also, we show thatThas the Bishop property$(\beta)$(β). Finally, we generalize a very famous result on products of normal operators due to I. Kaplansky to D-normal matrices.
Emerging coexistence of three PMQR genes on a multiple resistance plasmid with a new surrounding genetic structure of qnrS2 in E. coli in China
Authors: Tao Ying , Zhou Kaixin , Xie Lianyan , Xu Yanping , Han Lizhong , Ni Yuxing , Qu Jieming , Sun Jingyong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Quinolones are commonly used for treatment of infections by bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. However, the rising resistance to quinolones worldwide poses a major clinical and public health risk. This study aimed to characterise a novel multiple resistance plasmid carrying three plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Escherichia coli clinical stain RJ749.

Methods
MICs of ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin for RJ749 and transconjugant c749 were determined by the Etest method. Conjugation was performed using sodium azide-resistant E. coli J53 strain as a recipient. The quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE were PCR-amplified.

Results
RJ749 was highly resistant to quinolones, while c749 showed low-level resistance. S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that RJ749 and c749 both harboured a plasmid. PCR presented chromosomal mutation sites of the quinolone resistance-determining region, which mediated quinolone resistance. The c749 genome comprised a single plasmid, pRJ749, with a multiple resistance region, including three plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (aac (6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS2, and oqxAB) and ten acquired resistance genes. One of the genes, qnrS2, was shown for the first time to be flanked by two IS26s. Three IS26-mediated circular molecules carrying the PMQR genes were detected.

Conclusions
We revealed the coexistence of three PMQR genes on a multiple resistance plasmid and a new surrounding genetic structure of qnrS2 flanked by IS26 elements. IS26 plays an important role in horizontal spread of quinolone resistance.
Inferring residency and movement patterns of horse-eye jack Caranx latus in relation to a Caribbean marine protected area acoustic telemetry array
Authors: Novak Ashleigh J. , Becker Sarah L. , Finn John T. , Danylchuk Andy J. , Pollock Clayton G. , Hillis-Starr Zandy , Jordaan Adrian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Information regarding the movement ecology of horse-eye jack Caranx latus throughout the Caribbean is limited despite their prevalence. Passive acoustic telemetry was used to infer movement patterns of seven adult C. latus within Buck Island Reef National Monument (BIRNM), a no-take marine protected area (MPA) northeast of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. In addition, a preliminary exploration of detections recorded outside of BIRNM was used to gain knowledge of the potential for larger scale movements. Ascertaining long-term movement patterns, including residency, mobility, and identifying core activity spaces can play a considerable role in how MPAs, like BIRNM, are adapted to meet the needs of mobile species.

Results
High residency index values were observed for individual C. latus within the BIRNM array (mean ± SE: 0.913 ± 0.04, range 0.75–1.0) across the 17 months monitored. Most fish were also detected on receivers located outside BIRNM. An observed to expected detection ratio revealed that despite high residency, only 9.6% of expected transmissions were detected based on the average tag transmission rate. Network analysis revealed high individual connectivity with many of the receivers inside BIRNM and a large number of core use receivers (mean: 10.7, range 6–14) within individual networks.

Conclusions
Most C. latus were present in BIRNM at least twice per day, but were overall detected below the expected rates, demonstrating mobility, large core activity spaces and wide use of the acoustic array inside BIRNM and greater St. Croix shelf. How residency is inferred from acoustic telemetry detections, and interpreted for species with variable mobility, has important considerations for spatial management planning and telemetry analyses. For MPA development to meet the spatial requirements of species with mixed resident–mobile spatial ecology, detailed long-term movement data are required. Assessing residency in MPAs using acoustic telemetry should be formalized and carefully interpreted based on specific species, environmental conditions, and array configuration.
Induction of aquaporin 4-reactive antibodies in Lewis rats immunized with aquaporin 4 mimotopes
Authors: Tsymala Irina , Nigritinou Magdalini , Zeka Bleranda , Schulz Rouven , Niederschick Felix , Matković Mia , Bauer Isabel J. , Szalay Michael , Schanda Kathrin , Lerch Magdalena , Misu Tatsuro , Fujihara Kazuo , Bennett Jeffrey L. , Dahle Charlotte , Pache Florence , Rommer Paulus , Leutmezer Fritz , Illes Zsolt , Leite Maria Isabel , Palace Jacqueline , Scholze Petra , Reindl Markus , Lassmann Hans , Bradl Monika 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMost cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) harbor pathogenic autoantibodies against the water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4). Binding of these antibodies to AQP4 on astrocytes initiates damage to these cells, which culminates in the formation of large tissue destructive lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, untreated patients may become permanently blind or paralyzed. Studies on the induction and breakage of tolerance to AQP4 could be of great benefit for NMOSD patients. So far, however, all attempts to create suitable animal models by active sensitization have failed. We addressed this challenge and identified peptides, which mimic the conformational AQP4 epitopes recognized by pathogenic antibodies of NMOSD patients. Here we show that these mimotopes can induce the production of AQP4-reactive antibodies in Lewis rats. Hence, our results provide a conceptual framework for the formation of such antibodies in NMOSD patients, and aid to improve immunization strategies for the creation of animal models suitable for tolerance studies in this devastating disease.
Further evidence of Ceratobasidium D.P. Rogers (Basidiomycota) serving as the ubiquitous fungal associate of Platanthera leucophaea (Orchidaceae) in the North American tallgrass prairie
Authors: Thixton Hana L. , Esselman Elizabeth J. , Corey Laura L. , Zettler Lawrence W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
In the United States and Canada, ca. one-half of native orchid species are now threatened with extinction. A number of these species are restricted to tallgrass prairies of central North America, such as the Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid, Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl.—a U.S. Federally threatened species.

Results
We provide new records of fungi recovered from roots of P. leucophaea and five other orchid species inhabiting prairie sites in Illinois and neighboring states during a 10-year period (2008–2017). A total of 39 fungal endophytes were isolated from Cypripedium candidum (1), Platanthera lacera (1), P. leucophaea (32), P. peramoena (3), Spiranthes lacera (1), and S. magnicamporum (1), 31 (79%) of which were assignable to Ceratobasidium and the remainder to Tulasnella. These fungi were acquired from 16 different sites, 13 of which are new records including two new state records (Iowa, Wisconsin). Molecular analysis revealed that some Ceratobasidium strains were virtually identical despite being geographically isolated by > 300 km.

Conclusions
This study, encompassing a decade of work, confirms that Platanthera leucophaea is a mycorrhizal specialist with heavy reliance on Ceratobasidium with the tallgrass prairie ecosystem of North America. Our isolation of Ceratobasidium from P. leucophaea spanning additional sites suggests that the association is widespread. Such information should provide conservationists and land managers with more confidence in developing protocols that facilitate the long-term conservation of this prairie orchid.
Spinal cord autoregulation using near-infrared spectroscopy under normal, hypovolemic, and post-fluid resuscitation conditions in a swine model: a comparison with cerebral autoregulation
Authors: Kurita Tadayoshi , Kawashima Shingo , Morita Koji , Nakajima Yoshiki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated spinal cord autoregulation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Here, we assessed spinal cord autoregulation under normal, hypovolemic, and post-fluid resuscitation conditions compared with cerebral autoregulation.MethodsTen pigs (36.1 ± 1.1 kg) were anesthetized with 2.5% isoflurane, before phenylephrine administration at 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 μg kg−1 min−1in a stepwise fashion at 10-min intervals (baseline), followed by similar administration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Hypovolemia was induced by a 600-ml bleed (25% estimated total blood volume). Only phenylephrine was readministered (same protocol). Hypovolemia was reversed by infusing 600 ml hydroxyethyl starch, before readministering phenylephrine and SNP. The relationships between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord tissue oxygenation indices (TOIs) were evaluated.ResultsThoracic and lumbar spinal cord TOIs were approximately 15% and 10% lower, respectively, than the cerebral TOI at similar MAPs. The average relationship between MAP and each TOI showed an autoregulatory pattern, but negative correlations were observed in the cerebral TOI during phenylephrine infusion. A 600-ml bleed lowered each relationship < 5% and subsequent fluid resuscitation did not change the relationship. Individual oxygenation responses to blood pressure indicated that the spinal cord is more pressure-passive than the cerebrum. Paradoxical responses (an inverse relationship of tissue oxygenation to MAP) were observed particularly in cerebrum during phenylephrine infusion and were rare in the spinal cord.ConclusionsSpinal cord autoregulation is less robust than cerebral autoregulation and more pressure-dependent. Similar to cerebral oxygenation, spinal cord oxygenation is volume-tolerant but is more sensitive to hypotension.