bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tail associations in ecological variables and their impact on extinction risk
Authors: Ghosh Shyamolina , Sheppard Lawrence W. , Reuman Daniel C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExtreme climatic events (ECEs) are becoming more frequent and more intense due to climate change. Furthermore, there is reason to believe ECEs may modify "tail associations" between distinct population vital rates, or between values of an environmental variable measured in different locations. "Tail associations" between two variables are associations that occur between values in the left or right tails of the distributions of the variables. Two positively associated variables can be principally "left‐tail associated" (i.e., more correlated when they take low values than when they take high values) or "right‐tail associated" (more correlated when they take high than low values), even with the same overall correlation coefficient in both cases. We tested, in the context of non‐spatial stage‐structured matrix models, whether tail associations between stage‐specific vital rates may influence extinction risk. We also tested whether the nature of spatial tail associations of environmental variables can influence metapopulation extinction risk. For instance, if low values of an environmental variable reduce the growth rates of local populations, one may expect that left‐tail associations increase metapopulation extinction risks because then environmental "catastrophes" are spatially synchronized, presumably reducing the potential for rescue effects. For the non‐spatial, stage‐structured models we considered, left‐tail associations between vital rates did accentuate extinction risk compared to right‐tail associations, but the effect was small. In contrast, we showed that density dependence interacts with tail associations to influence metapopulation extinction risk substantially: For population models showing undercompensatory density dependence, left‐tail associations in environmental variables often strongly accentuated and right‐tail associations mitigated extinction risk, whereas the reverse was usually true for models showing overcompensatory density dependence. Tail associations and their asymmetries are taken into account in assessing risks in finance and other fields, but to our knowledge, our study is one of the first to consider how tail associations influence population extinction risk. Our modeling results provide an initial demonstration of a new mechanism influencing extinction risks and, in our view, should help motivate more comprehensive study of the mechanism and its importance for real populations in future work.
Hand tool handle size and shape determination based on hand measurements using a contour gauge
Authors: Wang Ching‐Yi , Cai Deng‐Chuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to provide a novel approach to tool handle design and development based on measurements of hand shape using a contour gauge. In general, traditional design techniques, designing based on anthropometric data, and derived mathematical models do not incorporate enough subject data to design a customized product. First, anthropometric measurements on the right hand of 60 participants were collected with a contour gauge to manufacture matching handles. A curved handle fitting the human hand was constructed with common computer‐aided design software, and cylindrical handles and elliptical handles were added for comparison. All of the handles were used to record the participants' grip force to evaluate the operating efficiency of the handles. Finally, the participants completed a comfort‐rating questionnaire. The results show that contours based on the hand provided the highest operating performance and the best overall comfort‐rating compared to cylindrical handles and elliptical cylindrical handles. The newly developed handles in the grip force tasks have the highest push performance and the best comfort ratings compared to traditional cylindrical and elliptical handles. The developed handles could provide the hand tool industry information on developing and manufacturing many other similar handle designs (such as those for saws and electric screwdrivers).
Association between inflammatory bowel disease and prostate cancer: A large‐scale, prospective, population‐based study
Authors: Meyers Travis J. , Weiner Adam B. , Graff Rebecca E. , Desai Anuj S. , Cooley Lauren Folgosa , Catalona William J. , Hanauer Stephen B. , Wu Jennifer D. , Schaeffer Edward M. , Abdulkadir Sarki A. , Kundu Shilajit D. , Witte John S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer. Recent reports suggesting IBD is also a risk factor for prostate cancer (PC) require further investigation. We studied 218 084 men in the population‐based UK Biobank cohort, aged 40 to 69 at study entry between 2006 and 2010, with follow‐up through mid‐2015. We assessed the association between IBD and subsequent PC using multivariable Cox regression analyses, adjusting for age at assessment, ethnic group, UK region, smoking status, alcohol drinking frequency, body mass index, Townsend Deprivation Index, family history of PC and previous prostate‐specific antigen testing. Mean age at study entry was 56 years, 94% of the men were white, and 1.1% (n = 2311) had a diagnosis of IBD. After a median follow‐up of 78 months, men with IBD had an increased risk of PC (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03‐1.67, P = .029). The association with PC was only among men with the ulcerative colitis (UC; aHR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.11‐1.95, P = .0070), and not Crohn's disease (aHR 1.06, 95% CI = 0.63‐1.80, P = .82). Results are limited by lack of data on frequency of health care interactions. In a large‐scale, prospective cohort study, we detected an association between IBD, and UC specifically, with incident PC diagnosis.
Rice cultivation in Italy under the threat of climatic change: Trends, technologies and research gaps
Authors: Arcieri Marco , Ghinassi Graziano 
Published: May 2020

AbstractItaly is the largest rice‐producing country in the European Union: more than two‐thirds of Europe's rice with about 60% of the national production exported, mainly to Mediterranean countries and Eastern Europe. Rice production started around the middle of the fifteenth century, influencing Italian distinguished cuisine. Specialized cultivation is higly skilled and accounts for 70–80% of the global rice farming surface. The crop is grown from April to October and extends over about 240 000 ha (1.4% of the total arable area of the country). The expected production is approximately 1.4 million tonnes (MT) of paddy rice; average yield is about 6 t ha¯¹, 85% of the surface being cropped with Japonica‐type varieties, the rest with Thaibonnet. In last 20 years, the cultivation area has increased by about 20%, making Italy an important rice‐exporting country, as the volume of exports reached 5% of total rice traded in the world and domestic consumption hardly exceeds 40% of total production. The main constraints in Italy are low temperature (at sowing and flowering time), diseases, weeds and red rice. Recent research has proved that the possibility exists to increase potential yield by means of varietal improvement, with emphasis on disease and lodging resistance, and better low‐temperature and dry‐conditions adaptability. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐concealment and suicidality: Mediating roles of unmet interpersonal needs and attitudes toward help‐seeking
Authors: Hogge Ingrid , Blankenship Paige 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the relationship between self‐concealment—a tendency to hide distressing information—and suicidality, via two mediators: (a) unmet interpersonal needs and (b) help‐seeking attitudes.MethodA sample of young adults (18–25 years) was recruited online to complete a self‐report survey questionnaire (n = 245). A parallel multiple mediation model was analyzed using the PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2013, Methodology in the social sciences. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression‐based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press) in SPSS.ResultsThere was a significant positive relationship between self‐concealment and suicidality. This relationship was partially mediated by unmet interpersonal needs. Although self‐concealment was associated with more negative attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, these help‐seeking attitudes were not significantly related to suicidality.ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of interpersonal factors in suicide. Unmet interpersonal needs emerged as a mechanism by which self‐concealment contributes to increased suicidality. We review implications for research, clinical practice, and prevention.
Cross‐cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of successful aging scale in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: da Silva‐Sauer Leandro , Martins‐Rodrigues Rafaela , de la Torre‐Luque Alejandro , Fernández‐Calvo Bernardino 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is a growing consensus regarding the multidimensional nature of successful aging (SA), including both the biomedical and psychosocial domains of the aging process. The Successful Aging Scale (SAS) is a self‐rated instrument addressing both of these components. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the SAS (SAS‐B) with regard to reliability and validity in 949 Brazilian community‐dwelling older adults (53.60% women; M = 69.49 years; standard deviation = 7.67). Confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) was performed to provide evidence on its structural validity. Convergent and divergent validity was studied by means of examining the relationships of SAS‐B with scales concerning resilience, life satisfaction, self‐esteem, social support, perceived stress, and health, as well as mental health. The CFA showed that the SAS‐B is multidimensional with three correlated factors (χ2/df = 2.74; standardized root mean square residual = 0.03; root mean square error approximation = 0.04; comparative fit index = 0.91), and its factors showed adequate reliability (ω = 0.70 for Healthy living habits, ω = 0.69 for Adaptive coping, and ω = 0.70 for Engagement with Life). Convergent and divergent validity was endorsed by correlations with related factors. The SAS‐B is a reliable and valid self‐rated instrument to measure the SA from a multidimensional perspective.
STAT3 inhibition reduced PD‐L1 expression and enhanced antitumor immune responses
Authors: Jahangiri Amirhossein , Dadmanesh Maryam , Ghorban Khodayar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractColon cancer is one the most common diagnosed cancers in America and Europe. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in colon cancer is associated with proliferation of the tumor cells and suppression of immune responses. STAT3 activation upregulates the transcription of many suppressor genes, including programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1). This study was aimed to investigate the effect of STAT3 inhibition in a colon cancer cell line, HCT‐15, and particularly in presence of samples obtained from the patients suffering from colon cancer. In this project, the expression of PD‐L1 and apoptosis‐related proteins were assessed following STAT3 inhibition, using FLLL32, in HCT‐15 cells. To evaluate the effects of STAT3 inhibition on immune response, lymphocytes from 20 men with Stage III colon cancer and 20 healthy donors were cocultured with HCT‐15 cells in presence or absence of STAT3 inhibitor. Then, T regulatory (T‐reg) cell evaluation and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) were performed using flowcytometry to assess the T‐reg and T helper (Th) subset cytokines following STAT3 inhibition. STAT3 inhibition suppressed PD‐L1 expression and induced apoptosis in HCT‐15 cells. The population of T‐reg cells in patients with colon cancer significantly decreased after treatment with STAT3 inhibitor. ICS revealed that STAT3 inhibition promotes Th1 protective immune responses. These findings suggest that STAT3 inhibition through either induction of apoptosis in the colon cancer cells and/or activation of efficient immune responses can lead to overcome cancer‐induced immune tolerance.
Cryptic collagen elements as signaling hubs in the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis
Authors: Han XiangHua , Caron Jennifer M. , Brooks Peter C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStructural remodeling of the extracellular matrix is a well‐established process associated with tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor and stromal cells that compose the tumor mass function cooperatively to promote the malignant phenotype in part by physically interacting with intact and structurally altered matrix proteins. To this end, collagen represents the most abundant component of the extracellular matrix and is known to control the behavior of histologically distinct tumor types as well as a diversity of stromal cells. Although a significant molecular understanding has been established concerning how cellular interactions with intact collagen govern signaling pathways that control tumor progression, considerably less is known concerning how interactions with cryptic or hidden regions within remodeled collagen may selectively alter signaling cascades, or whether inhibition of these cryptic signaling pathways may represent clinically effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the emerging evidence concerning the possible mechanisms for the selective generation of cryptic or hidden elements within collagen and their potential cell surface receptors that may facilitate signal transduction. We discuss the concept that cellular communication links between cell surface receptors and these cryptic collagen elements may serve as functional signaling hubs that coordinate multiple signaling pathways operating within both tumor and stromal cells. Finally, we provide examples to help illustrate the possibility that direct targeting of these unique cryptic signaling hubs may lead to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to control tumor growth and metastasis.
MiR‐216a‐3p suppresses the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer through downregulation of ACTL6A‐mediated YAP signaling
Authors: Zhao Juan , Li Long , Yang Ting 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe tumor‐suppressive role of microRNA‐216a‐3p (miR‐216a‐3p) has been evidenced in multiple tumors. Yet, the relevance of miR‐216a‐3p in cervical cancer remains undermined. The current study was designed to determine the expression and potential function of miR‐216a‐3p in cervical cancer. Expression of miR‐216a‐3p was markedly decreased in cervical cancer and functional assays revealed an inhibitory effect of miR‐216a‐3p on the proliferation, colony formation, and invasion of cervical cancer. Actin‐like 6A (ACTL6A) was identified as a target gene of miR‐216a‐3p. Elevated ACTL6A expression was detected in cervical cancer, and ACTL6A inhibition exhibited a tumor‐suppressive effect. ACTL6A inhibition increased yes‐associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation and downregulated YAP‐mediated transcriptional activity. ACTL6A restoration or YAP reactivation partially abrogated the miR‐216a‐3p‐mediated antitumor effect in cervical cancer cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that miR‐216a‐3p acts as a potential tumor‐suppressive miRNA in cervical cancer, which exerts its function through inhibition of YAP signaling via targeting ACTL6A.
Determinants of School Dropout in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A Survival Analysis
Authors: Boualaphet Kikeo , Goto Hideaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing the most recent round of a nationally representative survey series, this study examines determinants of dropout from basic education in Lao People's Democratic Republic. The existing studies show that, unlike in other developing countries, the effects of household income and gender are limited. Our analysis confirms the former but not the latter—gender inequality remains an issue to be resolved. Further, separate estimations by gender indicate that the significant effects of mother's education and rural/urban residence obtained in pooled data are due to the effects on female students, which highlights the need for more policy focus on female students in rural areas. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Off‐label quetiapine prescribing in general hospital inpatients: an Australian experience
Authors: Brett Jonathan , Anthony Christina , Kamel Bishoy , Day Richard O. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuetiapine is frequently prescribed off‐label in the community but little is known about the initiation and use of quetiapine in general (non‐psychiatry) hospital settings.AimThis study examined the extent of off‐label quetiapine prescribing and rates of initiation of quetiapine in a general inpatient population of an Australian inner city teaching hospital, as well as the frequency of communication with community prescribers following discharge.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted of all patients admitted under all non‐psychiatric teams and prescribed quetiapine within a tertiary teaching hospital between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016. All quetiapine prescribing information was extracted from an electronic medication management system (EMMS) and medical records were reviewed for a random sample of 100 patients prescribed quetiapine.ResultsEMMS data indicated that 793 people were prescribed quetiapine over the study period. Quetiapine was most frequently prescribed once daily, with a median daily dose of 100 mg (interquartile range 37.5–200 mg). Eighty‐seven of the 100 medical records reviewed had corresponding discharge summaries, and potentially off‐label quetiapine prescribing was found in 48 people (55%); the most frequent off‐label indication was for agitation or delirium. Of the 33 people who had quetiapine initiated in hospital, 26 prescriptions (79%) were for off‐label indications. Of the 11 prescriptions (33%) continued at discharge, only three (27%) discharge summaries contained instructions to community prescribers regarding quetiapine.ConclusionOff‐label prescribing of quetiapine was common in this sample of inpatients, and senior hospital staff should remain cautious of quetiapine prescribing for indications where the evidence of harms and benefits remains unclear. Communication with community prescribers could also be improved to reduce the risk of conversion from intended short‐term off‐label use to longer‐term use.
Characteristic and shelf life of fish sausage: fortification with fish oil through emulsion and gelled emulsion incorporated with green tea extract
Authors: Pourashouri Parastoo , Shabanpour Bahareh , Kordjazi Moazameh , Jamshidi Aniseh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSilver carp (Hypophthalmichthys moltrix) fish sausages incorporated with three forms of refined cod liver oil (as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids: fish oil, oil‐in‐water emulsion (E), gelled oil‐in‐water emulsion (G)) and lyophilized aqueous extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis; 700 and 900 mg kg−1) were developed. The composition, technological properties (cooking loss, pH, texture, and color), sensory analysis, and microbial and oxidative stability of fish sausages during storage (4 °C) were evaluated.RESULTSLower value of cooking loss and thiobarbituric acid value were observed by addition of fish oil in emulsions forms. The incorporation of green tea showed no significant differences in preventing oxidation in related samples. Gelled‐emulsified fish oil had better textural properties, including hardness and decreased springiness of the sausages. The G and E sausages showed higher values of lightness (L*) than the control did. Emulsification had no significant effect on total viable count. Panelists could not distinguish between samples incorporated with fish oil whether in emulsified, gelled‐emulsified, or control. Gelled‐emulsified treatments were awarded higher scores by panelists for all of the sensory attributes (P < 0.05). Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid quantities significantly increased from control (0.48 mg g−1 and 0.46 mg g−1 sample respectively) to the enriched batches (>1.50 mg g−1 sample). The lowest ratio of ω6 to ω3 in batches was observed for gelled‐emulsified samples.CONCLUSIONOverall, the addition of free fish oil affected the properties of the sausages. The gelled‐emulsified treatment was a suitable fish oil delivery system in fish sausages, which maintained sensory properties during refrigerated storage.
Random Encounter and Staying Time Model Testing with Human Volunteers
Authors: Garland Laura , Neilson Eric , Avgar Tal , Bayne Erin , Boutin Stan 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTEcology and management programs designed to track population trends over time increasingly are using passive monitoring methods to estimate terrestrial mammal densities. Researchers use motion‐sensing cameras in mammal studies because they are cost‐effective and advances in statistical methods incorporate motion‐sensing camera data to estimate mammal densities. Density estimation involving unmarked individuals, however, remains challenging and empirical tests of statistical models are relatively rare. We tested the random encounter and staying time model (REST), a new means of estimating the density of an unmarked population, using human volunteers and simulated camera surveys. The REST method produced unbiased estimates of density, regardless of changes in human abundance, movement rates, home range sizes, or simulated camera effort. These advances in statistical methods when applied to motion‐sensing camera data provide innovative avenues of large‐mammal monitoring that have the potential to be applied to a broad spectrum of conservation and management studies, provided assumptions for the REST method are rigorously tested and met. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Usefulness of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Kim Yeonji , Kim Sung Won , Hwang Se Hwan 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveWe assessed the diagnostic accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for detecting neck nodal metastasis in early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as an alternative to elective neck dissection.Study DesignA systematic search for relevant literature was conducted in the PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases.MethodsTwo reviewers individually searched the five databases up to November 2019. For studies that met inclusion criteria, data on patient diagnoses were pooled, including true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives. Methodological quality was checked with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (version 2) tool.ResultsIn total, 98 observational or retrospective studies were included. The diagnostic odds ratio of SLNB was 326.165 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 231.477–459.587; I2 = 0%). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.982. Sensitivity was 0.827 (95% CI: 0.804–0.848), and specificity was 0.981 (95% CI: 0.975–0.986). The correlation between sensitivity and the false positive rate was −0.076, which indicates that heterogeneity did not exist. Subgroup analyses were performed with the subgroups reference test type, publication year, and study type. No significant difference was found within the reference test type subgroup. However, differences within the publication year and study type subgroups were significant, where the retrospective study subgroup was significantly more sensitive and specific than the prospective study subgroup.ConclusionResults of this meta‐analysis imply that the high specificity of SLNB supports its role as a diagnostic tool for patients with clinical tumor stage (CT)1‐2 clinically negative (N0) OSCC. More studies should be done to further verify the results of this study.Level of Evidence2a Laryngoscope, 131:E459–E465, 2021