bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic injury in female Drosophila melanogaster affects the development and induces behavioral abnormalities in the offspring
Authors: Chauhan Ved , Chauhan Abha 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Traumatic injury (TI) during pregnancy increases the risk for developing neurological disorders in the infants. These disorders are a major concern for the well-being of children born after TI during pregnancy. TI during pregnancy may result in preterm labor and delivery, abruptio placentae, and/or fetomaternal hemorrhage. Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) is a widely used model to study brain and behavioral disorders in humans. In this study, we analyzed the effects of TI to female fruit flies on the development timing of larvae, social interaction and the behavior of offspring flies. TI to the female flies was found to affect the development of larvae and the behavior of offspring flies. There was a significant increase in the length of larvae delivered by traumatically injured maternal flies as compared to larvae from control maternal flies (without TI). The pupae formation from larvae, and the metamorphosis of pupae to the first generation of flies were faster in the TI group than the control group. Negative geotaxis and distance of the fly to its nearest neighbor are parameters of behavioral assessment in fruit flies. Negative geotaxis significantly decreased in the first generation of both male (p = 0.0021) and female (p = 0.0426) flies. The distance between the first generation of flies to its nearest neighbor was shorter in both male and female offspring flies in the TI group as compared to control group flies. These results indicate that TI to the female flies affected the development of larvae and resulted in early delivery, impaired social interaction and behavioral alterations in the offspring.
Positive drug test trends in fatally-injured drivers in the United States from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Azagba Sunday , Latham Keely , Shan Lingpeng , Qeadan Fares 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe last two decades have seen tremendous changes in the U.S. environment surrounding drugs. Driving under the influence of drugs is a growing public health hazard. The present study examined trends in drug involvement in fatally-injured drivers in the U.S.MethodsData were drawn from the 2007–2017 Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Cochran–Armitage tests were performed to assess the statistical significance of changes in the yearly prevalence of positive drug tests in fatally-injured drivers over time. In addition, analyses were stratified by sex, race, and age.ResultsThe yearly prevalence of positive drug tests in fatally-injured drivers increased significantly from 20.7% in 2007 to 30.7% in 2017, with results showing a higher prevalence among males, those aged 21–44, and Whites. The gap between Blacks and Whites narrowed in 2017. There was a decline in the yearly prevalence in all age groups between 2016 and 2017, although the decrease in the 21–44 age group was much smaller than other age groups. Among drivers who tested positive for drugs, 34.6% had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) above the threshold of per se evidence for impaired driving, and 63% had a BAC below the threshold.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the overall yearly prevalence of fatally-injured drivers who tested positive for drugs increased significantly from 2007 to 2017, with similar results found for subgroups. Findings further highlight that drugged driving remains a public health priority, and more action is needed to stem this disturbing trend.
Effects of the Bragg peak degradation due to lung tissue in proton therapy of lung cancer patients
Authors: Baumann Kilian-Simon , Flatten Veronika , Weber Uli , Lautenschläger Stefan , Eberle Fabian , Zink Klemens , Engenhart-Cabillic Rita 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To quantify the effects of the Bragg peak degradation due to lung tissue on treatment plans of lung cancer patients with spot scanning proton therapy and to give a conservative approximation of these effects.

Methods and materials
Treatment plans of five lung cancer patients (tumors of sizes 2.7–46.4 cm3 at different depths in the lung) were optimized without consideration of the Bragg peak degradation. These treatment plans were recalculated with the Monte Carlo code TOPAS in two scenarios: in a first scenario, the treatment plans were calculated without including the Bragg peak degradation to reproduce the dose distribution predicted by the treatment-planning system (TPS). In a second scenario, the treatment plans were calculated while including the Bragg peak degradation. Subsequently, the plans were compared by means of Dmean, D98% and D2% in the clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OAR). Furthermore, isodose lines were investigated and a gamma index analysis was performed.

Results
The Bragg peak degradation leads to a lower dose in the CTV and higher doses in OARs distal to the CTV compared to the prediction from the TPS. The reduction of the mean dose in the CTV was − 5% at maximum and − 2% on average. The deeper a tumor was located in the lung and the smaller its volume the bigger was the effect on the CTV. The enhancement of the mean dose in OARs distal to the CTV was negligible for the cases investigated.

Conclusions
Effects of the Bragg peak degradation due to lung tissue were investigated for lung cancer treatment plans in proton therapy. This study confirms that these effects are clinically tolerable to a certain degree in the current clinical context considering the various more critical dose uncertainties due to motion and range uncertainties in proton therapy.
Sahaj Samadhi meditation vs a Health Enhancement Program in improving late-life depression severity and executive function: study protocol for a two-site, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Peckham Stephen Benjamin , Ionson Emily , Nassim Marouane , Ojha Kevin , Palaniyappan Lena , Gati Joe , Thebérge Jean , Lazosky Andrea , Speechley Mark , Barušs Imants , Rej Soham , Vasudev Akshya 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Recent estimates suggest an 11% prevalence of current late-life depression (LLD) and a lifetime prevalence of 16–20%. LLD leads to cognitive disturbance as well as a nearly two to three times increased risk of dementia. We conducted a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) which demonstrated that Sahaj Samadhi meditation (SSM), an easy-to-implement, meditation-based augmentation strategy, led to higher rates of symptom remission when compared to treatment as usual (40.0 vs 16.3%; odds ratio, 3.36; 95% CI 1.06–10.64; p = 0.040). Here we present a protocol describing a two-site, blinded, RCT, comparing an SSM arm to an active-control arm – a Health Enhancement Program (HEP) intervention – in their ability to reduce depressive symptoms and improve executive functioning, among several other exploratory outcomes.

Methods/design
One hundred and ninety-two (n = 192) participants with LLD will be recruited at two sites (London, ON, Canada, and Montreal, QC, Canada). Participants will undergo stratified randomization with regards to site and the presence of treatment-resistant-LLD (TR-LLD) or not, to either SSM or HEP. We will assess change in (1) depression severity using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), (2) executive functioning, and (3) other exploratory physiological and mood-based measures, at baseline (0 weeks), post intervention (12 weeks), and 26 weeks after baseline. Raters, clinicians, and care providers will be blinded to group allocation while participants will be blinded to the study hypotheses.

Discussion
This study should more definitively assess whether SSM can be used as an augmentation strategy in routine clinical care for patients suffering from LLD and TR-LLD. If the effects of SSM are significantly better than HEP, it will offer support for the routine use of this intervention to manage LLD/TR-LLD and comorbid declines in executive dysfunction. The results of this study could also inform whether SSM can improve/prevent cognitive decline in LLD.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03564041. Registered on 20 June 2018.
Midlife physical activity is associated with lower incidence of vascular dementia but not Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hansson Oskar , Svensson Martina , Gustavsson Anna-Märta , Andersson Emelie , Yang Yiyi , Nägga Katarina , Hållmarker Ulf , James Stefan , Deierborg Tomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity might reduce the risk of developing dementia. However, it is still unclear whether the protective effect differs depending on the subtype of dementia. We aimed to investigate if midlife physical activity affects the development of vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) differently in two large study populations with different designs.MethodsUsing a prospective observational design, we studied whether long-distance skiers of the Swedish Vasaloppet (n = 197,685) exhibited reduced incidence of VaD or AD compared to matched individuals from the general population (n = 197,684) during 21 years of follow-up (median 10, interquartile range (IQR) 5–15 years). Next, we studied the association between self-reported physical activity, stated twice 5 years apart, and incident VaD and AD in 20,639 participants in the Swedish population-based Malmo Diet and Cancer Study during 18 years of follow-up (median 15, IQR 14–17 years). Finally, we used a mouse model of AD and studied brain levels of amyloid-β, synaptic proteins, and cognitive function following 6 months of voluntary wheel running.ResultsVasaloppet skiers (median age 36.0 years [IQR 29.0–46.0], 38% women) had lower incidence of all-cause dementia (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.63, 95% CI 0.52–0.75) and VaD (adjusted HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.33–0.73), but not AD, compared to non-skiers. Further, faster skiers exhibited a reduced incidence of VaD (adjusted HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.95), but not AD or all-cause dementia compared to slower skiers. In the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study (median age 57.5 years [IQR 51.0–63.8], 60% women), higher physical activity was associated with reduced incidence of VaD (adjusted HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.49-0.87), but not AD nor all-cause dementia. These findings were also independent ofAPOE-ε4 genotype. In AD mice, voluntary running did not improve memory, amyloid-β, or synaptic proteins.ConclusionsOur results indicate that physical activity in midlife is associated with lower incidence of VaD. Using three different study designs, we found no significant association between physical activity and subsequent development of AD.
Spatial time-frequency distribution of cross term-based direction-of-arrival estimation for weak non-stationary signal
Authors: Shao Shuai , Liu Aijun , Yu Changjun , Yang Hongjuan , Li Yong , Li Bo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the radar array signal processing direction of arrival (DOA), the estimation of weak non-stationary signal is an important and difficult problem when both strong and weak signals are coexisting particularly because the weak non-stationary signals are often submerged in noise. In this paper, we proposed a novelty method to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of weak non-stationary signal in scenario for strong non-stationary interference signals and Gaussian white noise. The method utilizes spatial time-frequency distribution (STFD) of cross terms rather than suppressing cross terms in time-frequency analysis. The STFD of cross terms are introduced as an alternative matrix, which is similar to data covariance matrix in multiple signal classification (MUSIC), for the DOA estimation of a weak non-stationary signal. The cross-term amplitude of the strong and weak signals is usually above the noise and is easier to use than the auto-term of the weak signal. In the cross term, the information of the weak signal is included, and the auto-term of these weak signals is difficult to extract directly. The ability to incorporate the STFD of cross terms empowers information about a weak non-stationary signal for DOA estimation, leading to improved signal estimates for direction finding. The method based on the STFD of cross terms for DOA estimation of the weak non-stationary signal is revealed to outperform the time-frequency MUSIC and traditional MUSIC algorithm by simulation, respectively. This method has the advantages of the time-frequency direction finding method and also deals with the situation of weak signals. When the strong and weak signals exist at the same time and the two angles are similar, the cross-terms can be used to perform DOA estimation on the weak signal.
Green’s function homotopy perturbation method for the initial-boundary value problems
Authors: Sawangtong Wannika , Sawangtong Panumart 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article deals with the novel method for finding solutions for the initial-boundary value problems (IBVPs), which is called the Sawangtong’s Green function homotopy perturbation method, shortly called SGHPM. The SGHPM is a method which combines the homotopy perturbation method with Green’s function method. The convergence analysis for the SGHPM is shown. Furthermore, some examples are presented to illustrate the validity of the proposed method and to ensure that SGHPM is a technique which is powerful and efficient for finding approximate analytic solutions of IBVPs.
Gluco-Metabolic Effects of Pharmacotherapy-Induced Modulation of Bile Acid Physiology
Authors: Brønden Andreas , Knop Filip K 
Published: October 2019

AbstractContextThe discovery and characterization of the bile acid specific receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) have facilitated a wealth of research focusing on the link between bile acid physiology and glucose metabolism. Modulation of FXR and TGR5 activation have been demonstrated to affect the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1, insulin, and glucagon as well as energy expenditure and gut microbiota composition, with potential beneficial effects on glucose metabolism.Evidence AcquisitionA search strategy based on literature searches in on PubMed with various combinations of the key words FXR, TGR5, agonist, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), bile acid sequestrant, metformin, and glucose metabolism has been applied to obtain material for the present review. Furthermore, manual searches including scanning of reference lists in relevant papers and conference proceedings have been performed.Evidence SynthesisThis review provides an outline of the link between bile acid and glucose metabolism, with a special focus on the gluco-metabolic impact of treatment modalities with modulating effects on bile acid physiology; including FXR agonists, TGR5 agonists, ASBT inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants, and metformin.ConclusionsAny potential beneficial gluco-metabolic effects of FXR agonists remain to be established, whereas the clinical relevance of TGR5-based treatment modalities seems limited because of substantial safety concerns of TGR5 agonists observed in animal models. The glucose-lowering effects of ASBT inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants, and metformin are at least partly mediated by modulation of bile acid circulation, which might allow an optimization of these bile acid–modulating treatment modalities. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106: 362–373, 2020)
Elagolix Suppresses Ovulation in a Dose-Dependent Manner: Results From a 3-Month, Randomized Study in Ovulatory Women
Authors: Archer David F , Ng Juki , Chwalisz Kristof , Chiu Yi-Lin , Feinberg Eve C , Miller Charles E , Feldman Robert A , Klein Cheri E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
Elagolix is an oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist recently approved for the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain and being developed for heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids.

Objective
The objective was to evaluate the effects of elagolix on ovulation and ovarian sex hormones.

Design and Setting
This was a randomized, open-label, multicenter study.

Participants
Participants were healthy ovulatory women aged 18 to 40 years.

Interventions
Elagolix was administered orally for 3 continuous 28-day dosing intervals at 100 to 200 mg once daily (QD), 100 to 300 mg twice daily (BID), and 300 mg BID plus estradiol/norethindrone acetate (E2/NETA) 1/0.5 mg QD.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcomes measures were ovulation rates measured by transvaginal ultrasound, progesterone concentrations, and hormone suppression.

Results
Elagolix suppressed ovulation in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage of women who ovulated was highest at 100 mg QD (78%), intermediate at 150 and 200 mg QD and 100 mg BID (47%–57%), and lowest at 200 and 300 mg BID (32% and 27%, respectively). Addition of E2/NETA to elagolix 300 mg BID further suppressed the ovulation rate to 10%. Elagolix also suppressed luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in a dose-dependent manner, leading to dose-dependent suppression of estradiol and progesterone. Elagolix had no effect on serum biomarker of ovarian reserve, and reduced endometrial thickness compared to the screening cycle.

Conclusion
Women being treated with elagolix may ovulate and should use effective methods of contraception. The rate of ovulation was lowest with elagolix 300 mg BID plus E2/NETA 1/0.5 mg QD.
Exercise and Executive Function during Follicular and Luteal Menstrual Cycle Phases
Authors: DIRK KENNEDY LAINE , BELFRY GLEN ROBERT , HEATH MATTHEW 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
A single bout of aerobic or resistance exercise improves executive function. We sought to determine whether menstrual cycle variations in ovarian hormone concentrations differentially influence the expression and/or magnitude of a postexercise executive benefit.

Methods
Eumenorrheic female participants completed 20-min single bouts of aerobic exercise (via cycle ergometer) at a moderate intensity (i.e., 80% of estimated lactate threshold) during the early follicular and midluteal phases of their menstrual cycle. Pre- and postexercise executive function was examined via antisaccades—an executive task requiring a saccade mirror-symmetrical to a visual stimulus. Antisaccades are an ideal tool for examining postexercise executive changes because the task is mediated via the same frontoparietal networks as modified following single-bout and chronic exercise.

Results
Antisaccade reaction times decreased from the pre- to postexercise assessments by an average of 22 ms (P = 0.003), and this benefit was independent of changes in directional errors or end point accuracy (P’s > 0.26). In other words, participants did not decrease their postexercise reaction times at the cost of increased planning times or execution errors. Most notably, the postexercise antisaccade benefit did not vary in magnitude across follicular or luteal phases (P = 0.33) and a two one-sided test statistic (i.e., equivalence testing) provided support for the null hypothesis (P = 0.008).

Conclusions
A postexercise executive benefit is independent of hormonal variations in the menstrual cycle. Further, our results evince that the phase of a female participant’s menstrual cycle should not be a limiting factor in determining their inclusion in exercise neuroscience research.
THE INTERRELATION AND INTERACTION OF FINANCIAL MARKETS WITH FINANCIAL CYCLES OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF RUSSIA
Authors: Barkhatov Viktor , Lymar Ekaterina , Koptelov Ivan 
Published: October 2019

A market economy assumes the circularity of economic development. Many scholars have speculated on the existing relationship between economic and financial cycles. The emergence of financial markets in the early 20th century gave impetus to the development of the theory of financial cycles which account for financial ups and downs similarly with economic cycles. One of the most impactful areas of research of current trends in financial cycles is the study of how these are influenced by contemporary financial market tools, as this will help determine whether the basic phases of financial cycles can be reconciled.
This article aims at analyzing various aspects of the relationship and the interaction of financial markets with the financial cycles of the national economy in the context of the Russian Federation. We also give consideration to the behavior of the contemporary financial system’s chief players––large corporations, credit institutions, facilitating agencies, and state authorities acting as regulators of financial and economic cycles.
KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN BUSINESS NETWORKS FROM THE BUILDING INDUSTRY
Authors: Czapla Alina 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Both networking and knowledge management can give a company a competitive advantage. But the combination of these two approaches is particularly interesting. Knowledge sharing is crucial in the building industry, because it is changing all the time nowadays. The knowledge of new technologies and environmentally friendly building materials is especially important for companies from the construction industry. Also an average investor, who plans on building a house, has a very low level of knowledge about building materials and modern building technologies. So it is not surprising, that there are some business networks in building industry, which use knowledge sharing in their strategy.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to explore the knowledge sharing in business networks from the building industry. Our research question is: what forms of knowledge sharing take place in the construction industry and what is the scale of this phenomenon.
Methods: The case study method was used to analyze one of the largest and fastest growing Polish business networks of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) - Grupa Polskie Składy Budowlane (PSB). The survey among the owners and managers was carried out, interviews, document studies and observations were used.
Results: Both the sharing of date and a large number of educational activities were observed in the studied business network. The vast majority of network members are engaged in these actions. Knowledge sharing in the building industry is implemented not only in relation to network partners and their employees but also in relation to customers.
Conclusions: A business network can use knowledge management to achieve its business goals. The educational aspects of this approach are especially interesting. The scale of this phenomenon in the building industry is much bigger than it might seem. The range of these educational actions can go beyond the formal boundaries of the network.