bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon footprint prediction of vehicle usage in Turkey
Authors: Coskun Can , Oktay Zuhal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the total level of vehicle‐based CO2 emissions for Turkey. Turkey was chosen for the case study because of the CO2‐intensive characteristics of vehicles in this country. Vehicle‐based emissions were calculated through use of a questionnaire survey. Total CO2 emissions were calculated for each province. It was evident that vehicle‐based CO2 emissions per capita varied from province to province, from 761 to 4 281 kg of CO2; an average of 2 728 kg per capita. The lowest level of vehicle‐based CO2 emissions occurs on a Sunday with a rate of 10.9%. An annual total of 217.77 Mt of CO2 is released to the atmosphere as a result of vehicle use in Turkey. Vehicle‐based CO2 emissions per capita were calculated to be 2 728 kg CO2 in 2016. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Language lateralization from task‐based and resting state functional MRI in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Rolinski Rachel , You Xiaozhen , Gonzalez‐Castillo Javier , Norato Gina , Reynolds Richard C. , Inati Sara K. , Theodore William H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe compared resting state (RS) functional connectivity and task‐based fMRI to lateralize language dominance in 30 epilepsy patients (mean age = 33; SD = 11; 12 female), a measure used for presurgical planning. Language laterality index (LI) was calculated from task fMRI in frontal, temporal, and frontal + temporal regional masks using LI bootstrap method from SPM12. RS language LI was assessed using two novel methods of calculating RS language LI from bilateral Broca's area seed based connectivity maps across regional masks and multiple thresholds (p < .05, p < .01, p < .001, top 10% connections). We compared LI from task and RS fMRI continuous values and dominance classifications. We found significant positive correlations between task LI and RS LI when functional connectivity thresholds were set to the top 10% of connections. Concordance of dominance classifications ranged from 20% to 30% for the intrahemispheric resting state LI method and 50% to 63% for the resting state LI intra‐ minus interhemispheric difference method. Approximately 40% of patients left dominant on task showed RS bilateral dominance. There was no difference in LI concordance between patients with right‐sided and left‐sided resections. Early seizure onset (<6 years old) was not associated with atypical language dominance during task‐based or RS fMRI. While a relationship between task LI and RS LI exists in patients with epilepsy, language dominance is less lateralized on RS than task fMRI. Concordance of language dominance classifications between task and resting state fMRI depends on brain regions surveyed and RS LI calculation method.
Potential impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on financial toxicity in cancer survivors
Authors: Baddour Khalil , Kudrick Lauren D. , Neopaney Aakriti , Sabik Lindsay M. , Peddada Shyamal D. , Nilsen Marci L. , Johnson Jonas T. , Ferris Robert L. , Mady Leila J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the context of COVID‐19, cancer survivors represent a particularly vulnerable population that may be “doubly hit” by both costs of cancer treatment and financial strain imposed by the pandemic.MethodsWe performed a review of the literature pertaining to cancer, financial toxicity, and economic challenges.ResultsMultiple societies have put forth recommendations to modify delivery of cancer care in order to minimize patient exposure to the virus. Cancer survivors, especially patients with head and neck cancer, have been disproportionately affected by rising unemployment levels and economic recessions in the past, both of which are linked to higher cancer mortality. Patients who rely on employer‐provided insurance and do not qualify for Medicaid may lose access to life‐saving treatments.ConclusionsIt is essential to implement interventions and policy changes in order to mitigate the effects of this pandemic but also to ensure this becomes a nonissue during the next one.
Tracheostomy guidelines developed at a large academic medical center during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: David Abel P. , Russell Marika D. , El‐Sayed Ivan H. , Russell Matthew S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, tracheostomy may be required for COVID‐19 patients requiring long‐term ventilation in addition to other conditions such as airway compromise from head and neck cancer. As an aerosol‐generating procedure, tracheostomy increases the exposure of health care workers to COVID‐19 infection. Performing surgical tracheostomy and tracheostomy care requires a strategy that mitigates these risks and maintains the quality of patient care.MethodsThis study is a multidisciplinary review of institutional tracheostomy guidelines and clinical pathways. Modifications to support clinical decision making in the context of COVID‐19 were derived by consensus and available evidence.ResultsModified guidelines for all phases of tracheostomy care at an academic tertiary care center in the setting of COVID‐19 are presented.DiscussionDuring the various phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic, clinicians must carefully consider the indications, procedural precautions, and postoperative care for tracheostomies. We present guidelines to mitigate risk to health care workers while preserving the quality of care.
The L‐α‐Lysophosphatidylinositol/G Protein–Coupled Receptor 55 System Induces the Development of Nonalcoholic Steatosis and Steatohepatitis
Authors: Fondevila Marcos F. , Fernandez Uxia , Gonzalez‐Rellan Maria J. , Da Silva Lima Natalia , Buque Xabier , Gonzalez‐Rodriguez Agueda , Alonso Cristina , Iruarrizaga‐Lejarreta Marta , Delgado Teresa C. , Varela‐Rey Marta , Senra Ana , Garcia‐Outeiral Vera , Novoa Eva , Iglesias Cristina , Porteiro Begoña , Beiroa Daniel , Folgueira Cintia , Tojo Marta , Torres Jorge L. , Hernández‐Cosido Lourdes , Blanco Óscar , Arab Juan Pablo , Barrera Francisco , Guallar Diana , Fidalgo Miguel , López Miguel , Dieguez Carlos , Marcos Miguel , Martinez‐Chantar Maria L. , Arrese Marco , Garcia‐Monzon Carmelo , Mato Jose M. , Aspichueta Patricia , Nogueiras Ruben 
Published: April 2020

Background and Aims
G protein–coupled receptor (GPR) 55 is a putative cannabinoid receptor, and l‐α‐lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is its only known endogenous ligand. Although GPR55 has been linked to energy homeostasis in different organs, its specific role in lipid metabolism in the liver and its contribution to the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown.

Approach and Results
We measured (1) GPR55 expression in the liver of patients with NAFLD compared with individuals without obesity and without liver disease, as well as animal models with steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and (2) the effects of LPI and genetic disruption of GPR55 in mice, human hepatocytes, and human hepatic stellate cells. Notably, we found that circulating LPI and liver expression of GPR55 were up‐regulated in patients with NASH. LPI induced adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase activation of acetyl–coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and increased lipid content in human hepatocytes and in the liver of treated mice by inducing de novo lipogenesis and decreasing β‐oxidation. The inhibition of GPR55 and ACCα blocked the effects of LPI, and the in vivo knockdown of GPR55 was sufficient to improve liver damage in mice fed a high‐fat diet and in mice fed a methionine‐choline–deficient diet. Finally, LPI promoted the initiation of hepatic stellate cell activation by stimulating GPR55 and activation of ACC.

Conclusions
The LPI/GPR55 system plays a role in the development of NAFLD and NASH by activating ACC.
Therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles from human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells on chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Jafarinia Morteza , Alsahebfosoul Fereshteh , Salehi Hossein , Eskandari Nahid , Azimzadeh Maryam , Mahmoodi Merat , Asgary Sedigheh , Ganjalikhani Hakemi Mazdak 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince in cell therapy, there are always concerns about immune rejection, genetic disability, and malignancies, special attention has been paid to extracellular vesicles (EVs) which are secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In the present study, we assessed and compared the therapeutic effects of human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSC) and hADSC‐EVs from adipose tissue on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). After induction of EAE in C57Bl/6 mice, they were treated with hADSCs, hADSC‐EVs, or vehicle intravenously. The clinical score of all mice was recorded every other day. Mice were killed at Day 30 and splenocytes were isolated for proliferation assay and determination of the frequency of Treg cells by flow cytometry. Leukocyte infiltration by hematoxylin and eosin, percentages of demyelination areas by luxol fast blue, and mean fluorescence intensity of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) and myelin basic protein (MBP) by immunohistochemistry were assessed in the spinal cord. Our results showed that the maximum mean clinical score and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐induced proliferation of splenocytes in hADSC‐ and hADSC‐EV‐treated mice were significantly lower than the control mice (p < .05). We also demonstrated that the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells was significantly higher in the spleen of hADSC‐treated mice than EAE control mice (p = .023). The inflammation score and the percentages of demyelination areas in hADSC‐ and hADSC‐EV‐treated groups significantly declined compared with the untreated control group (p < .05). We also showed that there was no significant difference in MFI of MBP and OLIG2 in the spinal cord of studied groups. Overall, we suggest that intravenous administration of hADSC‐EVs attenuates the induced EAE through diminishing proliferative potency of T cells, mean clinical score, leukocyte infiltration, and demyelination in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis.
Understanding the personal and community impact of long QT syndrome: A perspective from Gitxsan women
Authors: Huisman Lee‐Anna , Bene Watts Simona , Arbour Laura , McCormick Rod 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is a disproportionately high rate of hereditary long QT syndrome (LQTS) in Northern British Columbia First Nations people, largely due to a novel missense variant in KCNQ1 (p.V205M). The variant has been previously described predisposing those affected to syncope, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Although the biological aspects of LQTS have been explored extensively, less research has been done into the impact of living with a genetic variant that predisposes one to sudden death, and no previous studies have provided cultural insights from a First Nations community. The goal of this study was to explore what facilitates and hinders resiliency and coping for those living with LQTS. Participants were invited to partake in their choice of one‐to‐one interviews, Photovoice, and Talking Circles. This paper presents the findings from the interview portion of the study. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed qualitatively using the systematic text condensation method. Ten women shared their personal experiences of living with LQTS through individual interviews. Half of the women had tested positive for the p.V205M variant, and the other half were awaiting results. In general, learning about a LQTS diagnosis was perceived as traumatic, with gradual acceptance that led to coping. The main factors found to facilitate resiliency and coping were positive family relationships, spirituality, and knowledge about LQTS. The main factors found to hinder resiliency and coping were a poor understanding of the biological or clinical aspects of LQTS, conflicting medical advice (especially regarding physical activity) and LQTS not being taken seriously by social contacts and healthcare providers. It appears that learning to live with LQTS is an ongoing process, requiring balance and interconnectedness between all aspects of well‐being.
One‐pot synthesis of 2H‐indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐triones via nano γ‐Al2O3/BF3/Fe3O4 as an efficient catalyst and theoretical DFT study on them
Authors: Mahmoodi Fard Chegeni Mahnaz , Bamoniri Abdolhamid , Taherpour Avat Arman 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExperimental and computational studies were carried out for the synthesis of 2H‐indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐triones using γ‐Al2O3/BF3/Fe3O4 as a nanocatalyst in optimized and solvent‐free conditions. The most significant features of the existing protocol are easy preparation of the catalyst, short reaction times, environmentally benign, and milder reaction conditions. The analysis data were reported using the experimental results of this investigation, such as: H‐NMR, FT‐IR (Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy), X‐ray diffraction, vibrating‐sample magnetometer, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TG‐DTG), nitrogen adsorption isotherm, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy images of nanocatalyst. In this study, 2H‐indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐triones have also been theoretically investigated using DFT‐B3LYP/6‐31G method. Also, some of the physical chemistry properties have examined for conformers of products, which there was good agreement between the computational results and obtained experimental for the products.
Trouble With the Curve
Authors: Dubinsky Theodore J. , Sonneborn Rachelle 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesPoor fetal growth is one of the most important findings on an obstetric ultrasound (US) examination. First‐trimester US is the most accurate means for dating pregnancies; however, dating based on last menstrual period remains the standard for determining gestational age. Discrepancies between menstrual and US dating can lead to the overdiagnosis of in utero growth restriction (IUGR). This article will demonstrate that as long as the fetal growth falls along a curve that parallels normal growth curves, appropriate growth has occurred regardless of the gestational age and weight percentile that has been assigned to the fetus.MethodsFollowing Institutional Review Board approval (HSD‐00002969), 860 third‐trimester fetal US examinations were retrospectively evaluated from January 1 through July 1, 2017, to determine whether they had normal growth curves. Outcome data on all cases were obtained from review of the medical records.ResultsOf 216 fetuses (25%) suspected of IUGR based on a weight below the 10th percentile, 6 developed true IUGR: 5 that led to emergent delivery of fetuses weighing less than a 1000 g and 1 in utero fetal demise. The remaining 210 fetuses all had normal outcomes.ConclusionsAs long as the fetal growth falls along a curve that parallels normal growth curves, appropriate growth has occurred regardless of the gestational age and weight percentile that has been assigned to the fetus.
Mapping erosion risk for saline rangelands of the Mancos Shale using the rangeland hydrology erosion model
Authors: McGwire Kenneth C. , Weltz Mark A. , Nouwakpo Sayjro , Spaeth Ken , Founds Michael , Cadaret Erik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis research used the rangeland hydrology and erosion model (RHEM) to map erosion risks affecting water quality of the Colorado River that originate on the Mancos Shale formation in Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. The Mancos Shale is a significant source of salinity to the river, and a portion of that salt load derives from erosion of rangeland soils. Here we demonstrate that the hillslope‐scale RHEM model can effectively characterize erosion risk across this large, discontinuous region. Inputs to RHEM included digital elevation data, maps of soil properties, the LANDFIRE vegetation map, Landsat and MODIS satellite imagery, field data from the Rangeland National Resource Inventory program of the US Natural Resources Conservation Service, and rainfall data from Atlas 14 of the U.S. National Atmospheric and Oceanographic Administration. RHEM predicted sediment yield at a 30‐m spatial resolution for storms with 30‐ and 60‐min durations whose intensities corresponded to 10‐ and 25‐year return frequencies. Results corresponded reasonably with prior field experiments that used the Walnut Gulch Rainfall Simulator (WGRS), with a Spearman's rank‐order correlation of .76 for cumulative sediment yield after 20 min of rainfall. Issues of input map accuracy were identified for rainfall intensity and estimates for sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of soils. Correction of erroneous SAR at WGRS sites in one location improved rank‐order correlation to .93, indicating very good model performance where map inputs are accurate. The high‐resolution map of erosion risk developed from RHEM can help to prioritize specific areas for more intensive study and action.
Fractional Co2 Laser Treatment of the Vulva and Vagina and the Effect of Postmenopausal Duration on Efficacy
Authors: Alexiades Macrene R. 
Published: April 2020

Background and ObjectivesMore studies are needed to assess the long‐term safety profile and clinical outcomes of lasers and energy‐based devices to treat the symptoms associated with vulvovaginal atrophy. This study evaluated a series of three fractional CO2 laser treatments to the vulva and vagina with a 1‐year follow‐up in a postmenopausal population.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn this prospective, self‐controlled, open‐label clinical study, 18 postmenopausal females with atrophic vaginitis received 3 monthly treatments to the vulva and vagina with a fractional CO2 laser system and 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐up. Investigators used the Vaginal Health Index (VHI) to assess changes in vaginal elasticity, fluid volume, vaginal pH, epithelial integrity, and moisture. Sexual function at each timepoint was subject‐reported, using the validated Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).ResultsTreatment of the vulva and vagina in postmenopausal women with fractional CO2 laser resurfacing resulted in statistically significant improvements as compared with baseline at all post‐treatment and follow‐up intervals to 12 months in VHI and FSFI (P ≤ 0.003 and P ≤ 0.03, respectively). Mean total VHI score increased from a baseline of 11.8–22.8 (93.2% improved) at 6‐month follow‐up (P = 0.0002) slightly decreasing to 21.4 (81.4% improved) at 12‐month follow‐up post‐treatment (P = 0.0003). Mean FSFI Scores increased from a baseline of 17.9–26.3 (46.9% improvement) at 12‐month follow‐up post‐treatment (P ≤ 0.0048). Cohort analysis revealed restoration of normal or near‐normal (23–25) VHI following laser treatment in the recently menopausal (1–3 years) greatly exceeded that of the >3 years postmenopausal population and the difference was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Normal/near‐normal VHI at 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month post‐treatment was 88%, 88%, and 63% in the recently postmenopausal cohort, as compared with 30%, 40%, and 10% of the >3 years postmenopausal group (P ≤ 0.05). Patient satisfaction following treatment was rated as high at 94% at 12‐month follow‐up. Safety findings demonstrated no‐to‐slight discomfort in the majority of subjects and transient erythema and edema, with no adverse events associated with treatment.ConclusionFractional CO2 laser treatment of the vulva and vagina resulted in statistically significant improvements in VHI and FSFI compared with baseline in postmenopausal population that were sustained to 12‐month follow‐up. Restoration of normal VHI was observed in a statistically significant greater percentage in the recently postmenopausal cohort (1–3 years) as compared with postmenopausal cohort of >3 years, suggesting that early intervention is correlated with improved outcomes. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distinctive Optical Properties of Hierarchically Ordered Nanostructures Self‐Assembled from Multiblock Copolymer/Nanoparticle Mixtures
Authors: Liu Zaojin , Xu Zhanwen , Wang Liquan , Lin Jiaping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHybrid materials with hierarchical nanostructures are of great interest for their advanced functions. However, the effect of the formation of hierarchical nanostructures on properties is not well understood. Here, through combining dissipative particle dynamics simulation and the finite‐difference time‐domain method, the optical properties of hierarchically ordered nanostructures formed by mixtures of A(BC)n multiblock copolymers and nanoparticles (NPs) are investigated. A series of hierarchically ordered nanostructures with multiple small‐length‐scale hybrid domains are obtained from the self‐assembly of A(BC)n/NP. An increase and blueshift in optical absorption are observed when the number of small‐length‐scale hybrid domains increases. The small‐length‐scale hybrid domains enhance light scattering, which consequently contributes to the improved optical performance. These findings can yield guidelines for designing hierarchically ordered functional nanocomposites with light‐harvesting characteristics.
Dosimetry evaluation of the GammaPod stereotactic radiosurgery device based on established AAPM and IAEA protocols
Authors: Becker Stewart J. , Culberson Wesley S. , Poirier Yannick , Mutaf Yildirim , Niu Ying , Nichols Elizabeth M. , Yi Byongyong 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe GammaPod is a novel dedicated prone breast stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) device recently developed at the University of Maryland Medical Center. This device utilizes multiple rotating Co‐60 sources to create highly conformal dose distributions for breast treatments, including boosts, partial breast irradiation, or presurgery SRS. However, due to its small field sizes and nonstandard geometry, existing calibration protocols cannot be directly applied. In this study, we adapt and implement the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 21 (TG‐21) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Report Series 483 (TRS 483) protocols for reference dose measurements for the GammaPod. This represents the first published dosimetric investigation GammaPod and is meant to serve as a reference to future users commissioning and calibrating these devices.MethodsReference dose measurements were performed following the TG‐21/IAEA TRS 483 protocols using an ADCL‐calibrated Exradin A1SL thimble chamber in a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) breast‐mimicking phantom. Monte Carlo calculations and measurements were also performed in water to determine chamber‐specific

quality conversion factor converting reference field size (fref) to machine‐specific field sizes (fmsr) (25‐mm) as well as

, the conversion factor from the (fmsr) to the clinical field size (fclin) (15mm). Verification was performed using the thermoluminescent dosimeter remote monitoring service from the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) in Houston, TX.ResultsThe (fref) to (fmsr) chamber‐specific factor

was 0.992 while the (fmsr) to (fclin) chamber‐specific

factor was 1.014. The radiation absorbed dose to water measured in the PMMA phantom based on the TG‐21/IAEA TRS 483 formalism agreed with IROC values to within 1% and 2% for the 25‐ and 15‐mm collimators, respectively.ConclusionWe successfully implemented the TG‐21 and TRS 483 reference dosimetry protocols for the GammaPod. These results show agreement between measurements performed with different reference dosimetry protocols and independent thermoluminescent measurements.