bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional modelling of computed tomography images of limb bones in gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa)
Authors: Demircioglu Ismail , Gezer Ince Nazan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to model in 3D the detailed morphometric features of the thoracic and pelvic limb bones of the gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa), whose natural habitat is only in the Sanliurfa province, by using multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) images. Materials from 14 (7 male and 7 female) dead gazelles were collected from the Harran University Veterinary Medicine Faculty clinics during or after treatment. MDCT images of the gazelles were taken and saved as DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) files. MIMICS 20.1 software was used to generate a 3D reconstruction of the data, and morphological and morphometrical evaluation was performed. In respect of morphological features, the combined metacarpus (Mc) III and metacarpus Mc IV were the main weight‐bearing metacarpal bone, while Mc II and Mc V were rudimentary. On the femur, the lateral condyle was bigger than the medial condyle at the caudodistal end and the medial wing of the trochlea femoris was larger than the lateral. As with the thoracic limb, the combined metatarsus (Mt) III and metatarsus Mt IV were the main weight‐bearing metacarpal bone and they displayed a synostosis structure. There was no secondary metatarsus in the gazelles’ pelvic limb. Based on digital measurements, the tibia was the longest bone of the gazelles’ skeletal system, and there was a statistically significant sexual dimorphism throughout the skeleton at the levels of p < .05, p < .01 and p < .001. As a result, the present study's findings are useful as reference data for further studies on anatomy, surgery and archaezoology, while also being useful for classifying species and for forensic sciences.
Glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity in early pregnancy in an African American cohort
Authors: Clarke Lasha S. , Corwin Elizabeth J. , Dunlop Anne L. , Hankus Allison , Bradner Joshua M. , Paul Sudeshna , Jiao Yunshen , Smith Alicia K. , Patrushev Nikolay , Mulle Jennifer G. , Read Timothy D. , Hogue Carol J. R. , Pearce Bradley D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProblemDisruption in homeostatic feedback loops between inflammatory mediators and the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis is a key mechanism linking chronic stress to inflammation and adverse health outcomes, including those occurring during pregnancy. In particular, alterations in glucocorticoid sensitivity may occur as a result of chronic stress, including that due to racial discrimination, and may be implicated in the persistent adverse maternal and infant health outcomes experienced by African Americans. While there are a few large‐scale studies in human pregnancy that measure both cytokines and HPA axis hormones, to our knowledge, none directly measure glucocorticoid sensitivity at the cellular level, especially in an African American population.Method of studyWe measured the full range of the dexamethasone (DEX) dose‐response suppression of TNF‐α in first‐trimester blood samples from 408 African American women and estimated leukocyte cell type contribution to the production of TNF‐α.ResultsThe mean (SD) DEX level needed to inhibit TNF‐α production by 50% (ie, DEX IC50) was 9.8 (5.8) nmol/L. Monocytes appeared to be the main driver of Uninhibited TNF‐α production, but monocyte counts explained only 14% of the variation. Monocyte counts were only weakly correlated with the DEX IC50 (r = −.11, P < .05). Moreover, there was no statistically significant correlation between the DEX IC50 and circulating pro‐inflammatory (CRP, IL‐6, IFN‐γ) or anti‐inflammatory (IL‐10) mediators (P > .05).ConclusionThese findings challenge some prior assumptions and position this comprehensive study of glucocorticoid sensitivity as an important anchor point in the growing recognition of interindividual variation in maternal HPA axis regulation and inflammatory responses.
Vagotomy and subsequent risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide register‐based matched cohort study
Authors: Liu Bojing , Wanders Alkwin , Wirdefeldt Karin , Sjölander Arvid , Sachs Michael C. , Eberhardson Michael , Ye Weimin , Ekbom Anders , Olén Ola , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe vagus nerve provides essential parasympathetic innervation to the gastrointestinal system and is known to have anti‐inflammatory properties.AimsTo explore the relationship between vagotomy and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its major categories: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).MethodsA matched cohort comprising 15 637 patients undergoing vagotomy was identified through the Swedish Patient Register from 1964 to 2010. Each vagotomised patient was matched for birth year and gender with 40 nonvagotomised individuals on the date of vagotomy. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IBD using flexible parametric models adjusted for matching variables, year of vagotomy, birth country, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbidity index.ResultsWe observed 119 (0.8%) patients with vagotomy developed IBD compared to 3377 (0.5%) IBD cases in nonvagotomised individuals. The crude incidence of IBD (per 1000 person‐years) was 0.38 for vagotomised patients and 0.25 for nonvagotomised individuals. We observed a time‐dependent elevated risk of IBD associated with vagotomy, for instance, the HR (95% CI) was 1.80 (1.40‐2.31) at year 5 and 1.49 (1.14‐1.96) at year 10 post‐vagotomy. The association appeared to be stronger for truncal than selective vagotomy and limited to CD (HR was 3.63 [1.94‐6.80] for truncal and 2.06 [1.49‐2.84] for selective vagotomy) but not UC (1.36 [0.71‐2.62] for truncal and 1.25 [0.95‐1.63] for selective vagotomy).ConclusionsWe found a positive association between vagotomy and later IBD, particularly for CD. The finding indirectly underlines the beneficial role of the vagal tone in IBD.
Cannabidiol improves survival and behavioural co‐morbidities of Dravet syndrome in mice
Authors: Patra Pabitra Hriday , Serafeimidou‐Pouliou Eleni , Bazelot Michael , Whalley Benjamin Jason , Williams Claire Michelle , McNeish Alister James 
Published: April 2020

Background and PurposeDravet syndrome is a severe, genetic form of paediatric epilepsy associated with premature mortality and co‐morbidities such as anxiety, depression, autism, motor dysfunction and memory deficits. Cannabidiol is an approved anticonvulsive drug in the United States and Europe for seizures associated with Dravet syndrome in patients 2 years of age and older. We investigated its potential to prevent premature mortality and improve associated co‐morbidities.Experimental ApproachThe efficacy of sub‐chronic cannabidiol administration in two mouse models of Dravet syndrome was investigated. The effect of cannabidiol on neonatal welfare and survival was studied using Scn1a−/− mice. We then used a hybrid, heterozygote Scn1a+/− mouse model to study the effect of cannabidiol on survival and behavioural co‐morbidities: motor deficits (rotarod and static‐beam test), gait abnormality (gait test), social anxiety (social interaction test), anxiety‐like (elevated plus maze) and depressive‐like behaviours (sucrose preference test) and cognitive impairment (radial arm maze test).Key ResultsIn Scn1a−/− mice, cannabidiol increased survival and delayed worsening of neonatal welfare. In Scn1a+/− mice, chronic cannabidiol administration did not show any adverse effect on motor function and gait, reduced premature mortality, improved social behaviour and memory function, and reduced anxiety‐like and depressive‐like behaviours.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe are the first to demonstrate a potential disease‐modifying effect of cannabidiol in animal models of Dravet syndrome. Cannabidiol treatment reduced premature mortality and improved several behavioural co‐morbidities in Dravet syndrome mice. These crucial findings may be translated into human therapy to address behavioural co‐morbidities associated with Dravet syndrome.
Reduced Siglec-7 expression on NK cells predicts NK cell dysfunction in primary hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tao L , Wang S , Yang L , Jiang L , Li J , Wang X 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-dependent inhibitory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells have been found to contribute to NK cell dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the roles of MHC-I-independent inhibitory receptors on NK cells in HCC remain poorly defined. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the MHC-I-independent inhibitory receptors sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-7 and Siglec-9 on NK cells by analyzing the peripheral blood of 35 HCC patients and 63 healthy donors. We observed that HCC patients had lower frequencies and total numbers of NK cells in the peripheral blood. Importantly, both the expression levels of Siglec-7 on NK cells and the frequencies of Siglec-7+ NK cells were significantly reduced in HCC patients, which was accompanied by a decrease in activating receptor and an increase in inhibitory receptor expression on NK cells. Moreover, Siglec-7+ NK cells expressed higher levels of activating receptors and displayed stronger effector functions, compared with Siglec-7− NK cells. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that reduced Siglec-7 expression predicts NK cell dysfunction in HCC patients, suggesting that Siglec-7 may be a potential marker of functional NK cell subset in HCC patients.
Health insurance transitions and use of fringe banks: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Fitzpatrick Anne , Fitzpatrick Katie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased health insurance enrollment, potentially improving financial security. We test whether this insurance increase relates to changes in use of “fringe banks” (e.g., payday lenders, check cashers, and pawn shops). Using the panel structure of the Current Population Survey (CPS), we link 5 years of a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)‐sponsored supplement to March CPS data. We find declines in fringe bank use, specifically fringe credit (e.g., pawn loans), associated with new insurance coverage with larger declines for households affected by the ACA's Medicaid expansion. These results suggest that health insurance reduces reliance on these controversial financial products.
Efficacy and safety of evogliptin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre, active‐controlled, randomized, double‐blind study with open‐label extension (the EVERGREEN study)
Authors: Kim Gyuri , Lim Soo , Kwon Hyuk‐Sang , Park Ie B. , Ahn Kyu J. , Park Cheol‐Young , Kwon Su K. , Kim Hye S. , Park Seok W. , Kim Sin G. , Moon Min K. , Kim Eun S. , Chung Choon H. , Park Kang S. , Kim Mikyung , Chung Dong J. , Lee Chang B. , Kim Tae H. , Lee Moon‐Kyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the efficacy and safety of evogliptin compared with linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsIn this 12‐week, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled, and 12‐week open‐label extension study, a total of 207 patients with type 2 diabetes who had HbA1c levels of 7.0%‐10.0% were randomized 1:1 to receive evogliptin 5 mg (n = 102) or linagliptin 5 mg (n = 105) daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline HbA1c at week 12. The secondary endpoint was the change in the mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion (MAGE) assessed by continuous glucose monitoring. In the extension study conducted during the following 12 weeks, evogliptin 5 mg daily was administered to both groups: evogliptin/evogliptin group (n = 95) and linagliptin/evogliptin group (n = 92).ResultsAfter 12 weeks of treatment, the mean change in HbA1c in the evogliptin group and in the linagliptin group was −0.85% and −0.75%, respectively. The between‐group difference was −0.10% (95% CI: −0.32 to 0.11), showing non‐inferiority based on a non‐inferiority margin of 0.4%. The change in MAGE was −24.6 mg/dL in the evogliptin group and −16.7 mg/dL in the linagliptin group. These values were significantly lower than the baseline values in both groups. However, they did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the evogliptin/evogliptin group at week 24, HbA1c decreased by −0.94%, with HbA1c values of <7.0% in 80.2% of the patients. The incidence and types of adverse events were comparable between the two groups for 24 weeks.ConclusionIn this study, the glucose‐lowering efficacy of evogliptin was non‐inferior to linagliptin. It was maintained at week 24 with a 0.94% reduction in HbA1c. Evogliptin therapy improved glycaemic variability without causing any serious adverse events in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Introduction of a new teaching concept for crown preparation with 3D printed teeth
Authors: Höhne Christian , Schwarzbauer Raphael , Schmitter Marc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionFor both students and teachers, it is challenging to learn and teach a correct crown preparation. The purpose of this study was the design, feasibility and evaluation of a 3D printed tooth model with internal preparation for dental education in crown preparation and to analyse the quality of the prepared printed teeth in comparison with prepared standard model teeth.Materials and methodsA printable tooth was designed and printed by a stereolithographic printer. 38 fourth‐year dental students in the first clinical course in prosthodontics were trained in a voluntary course using printed teeth. Different aspects of the printed tooth were evaluated by a questionnaire using German school grades (1 best to 5 worst). The quality of the preparation with the printed teeth and standard training teeth was also rated in an evaluation form done by an expert group consisting of five experienced dentists.ResultsThe workflow was feasible and cost‐effective for the production of the teeth. The overall rating of the printed tooth was Ø 2.0 ± 0.34 in the questionnaire completed by the students. The students rated the printed tooth model (Ø 2.1 ± 0.85) as significantly better than the standard model tooth (Ø 3.3 ± 0.77; P = .000). The students reported great benefits in the use of this model tooth, for example valuable replacement of a standard model and real teeth, direct control of material loss. The quality of the preparation was evaluated by the expert group as significantly better with an overall mean grade of Ø 2.6 ± 0.37 for the printed teeth compared to Ø 2.9 ± 0.42 for the standard model teeth (P = .000).ConclusionsThe feasibility of this teaching concept was confirmed. The students favoured to work on the innovative 3D‐teeth with internal preparation, emphasising the usefulness of this technique in dental education. The expert group confirmed also the significant training effect of this tooth model in contrast to a standard model tooth.
Phenotypic correlations in a large single‐center cohort of patients with BSCL2 nerve disorders: a clinical, neurophysiological and muscle magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Fernández‐Eulate G. , Fernández‐Torrón R. , Guisasola A. , Gaspar M. T. I. , Diaz‐Manera J. , Maneiro M. , Zulaica M. , Olasagasti V. , Formica A. F. , Espinal J. B. , Ruiz M. , Schlüter A. , Pujol A. , Poza J. J. , López de Munain A. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeBSCL2 heterozygote mutations are a common cause of distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMNs). A series of BSCL2 patients is presented and clinical, neurophysiological and muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are correlated.MethodsTwenty‐six patients from five families carrying the p.N88S mutation were identified. Age of onset, clinical phenotype (dHMN, Charcot–Marie–Tooth, spastic paraplegia), physical examination, disability measured as a modified Rankin Scale score and neurophysiological findings were collected. A whole body muscle MRI had been performed in 18 patients. The pattern of muscle involvement on T1‐weighted and short time inversion recovery sequences was analysed. Hierarchical analysis using heatmaps and an MRI Composite Score were generated. Statistical analysis was carried out with STATA SE v.15 (TX, USA).ResultsThe mean age was 51.54 ± 19.94 years and 14 patients were men. dHMN was the most common phenotype (50%) and five patients (19.23%) showed no findings on examination. Disease onset was commonly in childhood and disability was low (modified Rankin Scale score 1.34 ± 1.13) although median time since onset of disease was 32 years (range 10–47). Charcot–Marie–Tooth‐like patients were more disabled and disability correlated with age. On muscle MRI, thenar eminence, soleus and tibialis anterior were most frequently involved, irrespective of clinical phenotype. MRI Composite Score was strongly correlated with disability.ConclusionPatients with the p.N88S BSCL2 gene mutation are phenotypically variable, although dHMN is most frequent and generally slowly progressive. Muscle MRI pattern is consistent regardless of phenotype and correlates with disease severity, probably serving as a reliable outcome measure for future clinical trials.
Occurrence of a vaginal septum in a foal diagnosed with pyometra
Authors: McCarthy M. B. , Townsend K. S. , Johnson P. J. , LaCarrubba A. M. , Voelkl D. L. , Volkmann D. H. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryA 10‐week‐old Westphalian filly was presented for vaginal discharge of 14‐days' duration. Examination revealed a partial vaginal septum and pyometra. Two Group B streptococcal pathogens (Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus) were isolated from the uterus. Pyometra was successfully treated using endoscopically facilitated removal of intraluminal exudate and locally and systemically administered antimicrobials. The filly was reported to be progressing well at 12 months following treatment with no further evidence of disease. Pyometra has not been previously reported in foals, and vaginal septum is evidently rare in this species. These abnormalities should be considered when young fillies develop purulent vaginal discharge.
Apparel, Textiles, and Merchandising Scholarship Practices from 2000 to 2019: Analysis of FCSRJ and CTRJ
Authors: Lee Young‐A , Gam Hae Jin , Bakhshian Sonia 
Published: April 2020

This study explores the research trends of the apparel, textiles, and merchandising (ATM) discipline by examining the articles published in Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal (FCSRJ) and Clothing and Textiles Research Journal (CTRJ) and their citations during the past 20 years. Content analysis of 513 articles from 2000 to 2019 showed that consumer behavior dominated the research topics. The articles published in CTRJ covered a diverse range of topics. The research articles published in FCSRJ focused primarily on consumer behavior, social psychological aspects, and sustainability/social responsibility. Suggestions for the future direction of the ATM scholarship are presented.
El mandato de la OIT al cumplirse su centenario
Authors: SUPIOT Alain 
Published: April 2020

ResumenLos principios que definen el mandato de la OIT, consagrados en su Constitución y en la Declaración de Filadelfia, no han perdido un ápice de valor o actualidad. En cambio, las condiciones en que la Organización desarrolla su labor han cambiado profundamente. El mundo del trabajo es uno de los escenarios de las grandes transformaciones medioambientales, tecnológicas e institucionales actuales y de los complejos desafíos que plantean. La respuesta de la OIT debería organizarse en torno a tres principios implícitos en sus objetivos constitucionales, a saber: la solidaridad, la democracia económica y la responsabilidad social y ecológica.
Fueling influenza and the immune response: Implications for metabolic reprogramming during influenza infection and immunometabolism
Authors: Bahadoran Azadeh , Bezavada Lavanya , Smallwood Heather S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent studies support the notion that glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are rheostats in immune cells whose bioenergetics have functional outputs in terms of their biology. Specific intrinsic and extrinsic molecular factors function as molecular potentiometers to adjust and control glycolytic to respiratory power output. In many cases, these potentiometers are used by influenza viruses and immune cells to support pathogenesis and the host immune response, respectively. Influenza virus infects the respiratory tract, providing a specific environmental niche, while immune cells encounter variable nutrient concentrations as they migrate in response to infection. Immune cell subsets have distinct metabolic programs that adjust to meet energetic and biosynthetic requirements to support effector functions, differentiation, and longevity in their ever‐changing microenvironments. This review details how influenza coopts the host cell for metabolic reprogramming and describes the overlap of these regulatory controls in immune cells whose function and fate are dictated by metabolism. These details are contextualized with emerging evidence of the consequences of influenza‐induced changes in metabolic homeostasis on disease progression.
Microbiome, bile acids, and obesity: How microbially modified metabolites shape anti‐tumor immunity
Authors: Sipe Laura M. , Chaib Mehdi , Pingili Ajeeth K. , Pierre Joseph F. , Makowski Liza 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBile acids (BAs) are known facilitators of nutrient absorption but recent paradigm shifts now recognize BAs as signaling molecules regulating both innate and adaptive immunity. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver with subsequent microbial modification and fermentation adding complexity to pool composition. Bile acids act on several receptors such as Farnesoid X Receptor and the G protein‐coupled BA receptor 1 (TGR5). Interestingly, BA receptors (BARs) are expressed on immune cells and activation either by BAs or BAR agonists modulates innate and adaptive immune cell populations skewing their polarization toward a more tolerogenic anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Intriguingly, recent evidence also suggests that BAs promote anti‐tumor immune response through activation and recruitment of tumoricidal immune cells such as natural killer T cells. These exciting findings have redefined BA signaling in health and disease wherein they may suppress inflammation on the one hand, yet promote anti‐tumor immunity on the other hand. In this review, we provide our readers with the most recent understanding of the interaction of BAs with the host microbiome, their effect on innate and adaptive immunity in health and disease with a special focus on obesity, bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss, and immune checkpoint blockade in cancer.