bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in morphological growth trajectories between greenside darter Etheostoma blennioides populations from two distinct drainages
Authors: Geheber Aaron D. , Miller Destini C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe greenside darter Etheostoma blennioides is a small‐bodied benthic stream fish that occurs in multiple drainages of the eastern USA. Previous studies have revealed some morphological differentiations among greensides from isolated drainage systems but growth relationships among functional morphological characteristics have not been examined within and between populations. Specifically, we tested for differences in functional morphology and allometric distinctions in morphological growth trajectories between greenside populations from two drainages, the Osage River and White River. Morphological differences between individuals of the two drainages included more dorso‐ventrally compressed bodies, longer snouts and larger jaw features in White River darters. Furthermore, body depth, snout length and jaw width grow at significantly different trajectories in individuals of the two drainages. Individuals of the White River drainage (generally a higher gradient stream system) become comparatively more streamlined and develop proportionately larger feeding related traits during growth. These results suggest that individuals of both drainages share a similar morphology during early life but deviate during continued development and this may be partially due to environmentally induced plastic response. This study represents a novel approach for comparing morphological development among fish populations and presents environmental factors (e.g., stream gradient and elevation) that potentially influence functional characteristics.
Dynamic non‐photochemical quenching in plants: from molecular mechanism to productivity
Authors: Murchie Erik H. , Ruban Alexander V. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryPhotoprotection refers to a set of well defined plant processes that help to prevent the deleterious effects of high and excess light on plant cells, especially within the chloroplast. Molecular components of chloroplast photoprotection are closely aligned with those of photosynthesis and together they influence productivity. Proof of principle now exists that major photoprotective processes such as non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) directly determine whole canopy photosynthesis, biomass and yield via prevention of photoinhibition and a momentary downregulation of photosynthetic quantum yield. However, this phenomenon has neither been quantified nor well characterized across different environments. Here we address this problem by assessing the existing literature with a different approach to that taken previously, beginning with our understanding of the molecular mechanism of NPQ and its regulation within dynamic environments. We then move to the leaf and the plant level, building an understanding of the circumstances (when and where) NPQ limits photosynthesis and linking to our understanding of how this might take place on a molecular and metabolic level. We argue that such approaches are needed to fine tune the relevant features necessary for improving dynamic NPQ in important crop species.
Decreased Postural Control in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Compared to Healthy Controls
Authors: Staples Jonathon R. , Schafer Kevin A. , Smith Matthew V. , Motley John , Halstead Mark , Blackman Andrew , Haas Amanda , Steger-May Karen , Matava Matthew J. , Wright Rick W. , Brophy Robert H. 
Published: November 2019

Context:Patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are likely to have deficient dynamic postural stability compared with healthy sex- and age-matched controls.Objectives:To test the hypothesis that patients undergoing ACL reconstruction have decreased dynamic postural stability compared with matched healthy controls.Design:Prospective case-control study.Setting:Orthopedic sports medicine and physical therapy clinics.Patients or Other Participants:Patients aged 20 years and younger with an ACL tear scheduled for reconstruction were enrolled prospectively. Controls were recruited from local high schools and colleges via flyers.Interventions:Patients underwent double-stance dynamic postural stability testing prior to surgery, recording time to failure and dynamic motion analysis (DMA) scores. Patients were then matched with healthy controls.Main Outcome Measures:Demographics, time to failure, and DMA scores were compared between groups.Results:A total of 19 females and 12 males with ACL tears were matched with controls. Individuals with ACL tears were more active (Marx activity score: 15.7 [1.0] vs 10.8 [4.9],P < .001); had shorter times until test failure (84.4 [15.8] vs 99.5 [14.5] s,P < .001); and had higher (worse) DMA scores (627 [147] vs 481 [132],P < .001), indicating less dynamic postural stability. Six patients with ACL deficiency (1 male and 5 females) demonstrated lower (better) DMA scores than their controls, and another 7 (4 males and 3 females) were within 20% of controls.Conclusions:Patients undergoing ACL reconstruction had worse global dynamic postural stability compared with well-matched controls. This may represent the effect of the ACL injury or preexisting deficits that contributed to the injury itself. These differences should be studied further to evaluate their relevance to ACL injury risk, rehabilitation, and return to play.
Strong cosmic censorship in charged de sitter spacetime with scalar field non-minimally coupled to curvature
Authors: Guo Hong , Liu Hang , Kuang Xiao-Mei , Wang Bin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We examine the strong cosmic censorship in the Reissner–Nordstrom–de Sitter (RN-dS) black hole by investigating the evolution of a scalar field non-minimally coupled to the curvature. We find that for the stable RN-dS black hole, with the increase of the coupling parameter, the violation of the strong cosmic censorship occurs at a larger critical charge ratio. But such an increase of the critical charge is suppressed by the increase of the cosmological constant. Different from the minimal coupling situation, it is possible to accommodate $$\beta \ge 1$$β≥1 in the near extremal black hole when the scalar field is non-minimally coupled to curvature. $$\beta $$β here is defined as $$\beta \equiv -\frac{\mathrm {Im}\;\omega }{\kappa _{-}}$$β≡-Imωκ- where $$\kappa _{-}$$κ- is the surface gravity of Cauchy horizon and $$\omega $$ω is the frequency of quasinormal modes. The increase of the cosmological constant can allow $$\beta \ge 1$$β≥1 to be satisfied for even smaller value of the coupling parameter. The existence of $$\beta \ge 1$$β≥1 implies that the resulting curvature can continuously cross the Cauchy horizon.
Cosmological perturbations and dynamical analysis for interacting quintessence
Authors: Landim Ricardo G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present the dynamical analysis for interacting quintessence, considering linear cosmological perturbations. Matter perturbations improve the background analysis and viable critical points describing the transition of the three cosmological eras are found. The stability of those fixed points are similar to previous studies in the literature, for both coupled and uncoupled cases, leading to a late-time attractor.
A Physically Based Atmospheric Variables Downscaling Technique
Authors: Rouf Tasnuva , Mei Yiwen , Maggioni Viviana , Houser Paul , Noonan Margaret 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study proposes a physically based downscaling approach for a set of atmospheric variables that relies on correlations with landscape information, such as topography, surface roughness, and vegetation. A proof-of-concept has been implemented over Oklahoma, where high-resolution, high-quality observations are available for validation purposes. Hourly North America Land Data Assimilation System version 2 (NLDAS-2) meteorological data (i.e., near-surface air temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed, and incident longwave and shortwave radiation) have been spatially downscaled from their original 1/8° resolution to a 500-m grid over the study area during 2015. Results show that correlation coefficients between the downscaled products and ground observations are consistently higher than the ones between the native resolution NLDAS-2 data and ground observations. Furthermore, the downscaled variables present smaller biases than the original ones with respect to ground observations. Results are therefore encouraging toward the use of the 500-m dataset for land surface and hydrological modeling. This would be especially useful in regions where ground-based observations are sparse or not available altogether, and where downscaled global reanalysis products may be the only option for model inputs at scales that are useful for decision-making.
Quality of Life in Children with Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Ronner Evette A. , Benchetrit Liliya , Levesque Patricia , Basonbul Razan A. , Cohen Michael S. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo assess quality of life (QOL) in pediatric patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) and the Hearing Environments and Reflection on Quality of Life 26 (HEAR‐QL‐26) and HEAR‐QL‐28 surveys.Study DesignProspective longitudinal study.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsSurveys were administered to patients with SNHL (ages 2‐18 years) from July 2016 to December 2018 at a multidisciplinary hearing loss clinic. Patients aged >7 years completed the HEAR‐QL‐26, HEAR‐QL‐28, and PedsQL 4.0 self‐report tool, while parents completed the PedsQL 4.0 parent proxy report for children aged ≤7 years. Previously published data from children with normal hearing were used for controls. The independent t test was used for analysis.ResultsIn our cohort of 100 patients, the mean age was 7.7 years (SD, 4.5): 62 participants had bilateral SNHL; 63 had mild to moderate SNHL; and 37 had severe to profound SNHL. Sixty‐eight patients used a hearing device. Mean (SD) total survey scores for the PedsQL 4.0 (ages 2‐7 and 8‐18 years), HEAR‐QL‐26 (ages 7‐12 years), and HEAR‐QL‐28 (ages 13‐18 years) were 83.9 (14.0), 79.2 (11.1), 81.2 (9.8), and 77.5 (11.3), respectively. Mean QOL scores for patients with SNHL were significantly lower than those for controls on the basis of previously published normative data (P <. 0001). There was no significant difference in QOL between children with unilateral and bilateral SNHL or between children with SNHL who did and did not require a hearing device. Low statistical power due to small subgroup sizes limited our analysis.ConclusionIt is feasible to collect QOL data from children with SNHL in a hearing loss clinic. Children with SNHL had significantly lower scores on validated QOL instruments when compared with peers with normal hearing.
Does cannabis use modify the effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on severe depression and suicidal ideation? Evidence from a population-based cross-sectional study of Canadians
Authors: Lake Stephanie , Kerr Thomas , Buxton Jane , Walsh Zach , Marshall Brandon DL , Wood Evan , Milloy M-J 
Published: November 2019

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder sharply increases the risk of depression and suicide. Individuals living with post-traumatic stress disorder frequently use cannabis to treat associated symptoms. We sought to investigate whether cannabis use modifies the association between post-traumatic stress disorder and experiencing a major depressive episode or suicidal ideation. Methods: We used data from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of non-institutionalized Canadians aged ⩾15 years. The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and each outcome was modelled using logistic regression with an interaction term for cannabis and post-traumatic stress disorder, controlling for demographic characteristics, mental health, and substance use comorbidities. The ratio of odds ratios and relative excess risk due to interaction was calculated to measure interaction on the multiplicative and additive scales, respectively. Results: Among 24,089 eligible respondents, 420 (1.7%) reported a current clinical diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. In total, 106 (28.2%) people with post-traumatic stress disorder reported past-year cannabis use, compared to 11.2% of those without post-traumatic stress disorder ( p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, post-traumatic stress disorder was significantly associated with recent major depressive episode (adjusted odds ratio = 7.18, 95% confidence interval: 4.32–11.91) and suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio = 4.76, 95% confidence interval: 2.39–9.47) among cannabis non-users. post-traumatic stress disorder was not associated with either outcome among cannabis-using respondents (both p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary epidemiological evidence that cannabis use may contribute to reducing the association between post-traumatic stress disorder and severe depressive and suicidal states. There is an emerging need for high-quality experimental investigation of the efficacy of cannabis/cannabinoids for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Investigation of distinct molecular pathways in migraine induction using calcitonin gene-related peptide and sildenafil
Authors: Younis Samaira , Christensen Casper E , Toft Nikolaj M , Søborg Thomas , Amin Faisal M , Hougaard Anders , Ashina Messoud 
Published: November 2019

Objective Migraine displays clinical heterogeneity of attack features and attack triggers. The question is whether this heterogeneity is explained by distinct intracellular signaling pathways leading to attacks with distinct clinical features. One well-known migraine-inducing pathway is mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate and another by cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Calcitonin gene-related peptide triggers migraine via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway and sildenafil via the cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. To date, no studies have examined whether migraine induction mediated via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathways yields similar attacks within the same patients. Methods Patients were subjected to migraine induction on two separate days using calcitonin gene-related peptide (1.5 µg/min for 20 minutes) and sildenafil (100 mg) in a double-blind, randomized, double-dummy, cross-over design. Data on headache intensity, characteristics and accompanying symptoms were collected until 24 hours after drug administration. Results Thirty-four patients were enrolled and 27 completed both study days. Seventeen patients developed migraine after both study drugs (63%; 95% CI: 42–81). Eight patients developed migraine on one day only (seven after sildenafil and one after calcitonin gene-related peptide). Two patients did not develop migraine on either day. Headache laterality, nausea, photophobia and phonophobia were similar between drugs in 77%, 65%, 100%, and 94%, respectively, of the 17 patients who developed attacks on both days. Conclusion A majority of patients developed migraine after both calcitonin gene-related peptide and sildenafil. This supports the hypothesis that the cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate intracellular signaling pathways in migraine induction converge in a common cellular determinator, which ultimately triggers the same attacks. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03143465.
Mothering Work and Perinatal Transfer: An Institutional Ethnographic Investigation
Authors: Ringham Catherine L. , MacKinnon Karen 
Published: November 2019

Background While maternal or infant transfer is generally the safest course of action when health complications arise, the process of shifting from one hospital to another is stressful for mothers and their infants. There is limited understanding of how institutional processes coordinate patient transfer in ways that increase tensions for women and their families who are trying to navigate the institutional systems during health crises. Methods This institutional ethnographic study explored womens’ experience of transfer. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of six childbearing women. The analysis highlights tensions and contradictions between patient care and institutional demands and shows how ordinary institutional decision-making practices impacted participants in unexpected ways. Results Women experienced uncertainty and stress when trying to convince health-care providers they needed care. Before, during, and after transfer, participants navigated home responsibilities, childcare, and getting care closer to home in difficult circumstances. Conclusion The effort and skill women need to care for their infants and families as they are transferred is extraordinary. This study offers insight into the resources and support childbearing women need to accomplish the work of caring for their families in the face of perinatal crisis and multiple transfers.
Health System Pharmacist Protocol for Myocarditis Monitoring in Clozapine-Naïve Inpatients—Two Years’ Experience
Authors: McNutt Sera E. , Morrow Gina , Waters Kristin , Cooper Chandra , Crish Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

Objective: To describe the implementation and efficacy of a pharmacist-driven clozapine myocarditis monitoring protocol including 2 cases of clozapine-induced myocarditis identified using this protocol. Methods: In February 2015, the health system formulary committee approved changes to an existing pharmacist-driven protocol to allow for myocarditis monitoring in patients initiated on clozapine therapy based on an algorithm published by Ronaldson et al in 2011. The monitoring includes the measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP; via high-sensitivity CRP [hsCRP] serum test) and troponin at baseline and then weekly for 4 weeks. Patients initiated on clozapine therapy between March 2015 and February 2017 and monitored according to the aforementioned protocol are described in this article. Results: A total of 38 patients were initiated on clozapine therapy during the specified data collection period. Of these 38 patients, 4 screened positive for early signs of myocarditis according to the monitoring protocol, and 2 of those 4 patients were confirmed by cardiology consultation to have clozapine-induced myocarditis. Both of these patients experienced a full cardiac recovery upon discontinuation of clozapine. Conclusion: A pharmacist-driven myocarditis monitoring protocol for clozapine-naïve patients may help to identify early signs of clozapine-induced myocarditis and therefore mitigate potentially life-threatening complications by prompting early discontinuation of the inciting drug.
Variations in ATP7B in cats with primary copper-associated hepatopathy
Authors: Asada Hajime , Chambers James K , Kojima Mari , Goto-Koshino Yuko , Nakagawa Taisuke , Yokoyama Nozomu , Tsuboi Masaya , Uchida Kazuyuki , Tsujimoto Hajime , Ohno Koichi 
Published: November 2019

Objectives Primary copper-associated hepatopathy (PCH) has been reported in young cats. Although our group recently reported a young cat with PCH harbouring single-nucleotide variations in ATP7B, limited information is available regarding its association with the pathogenesis of feline PCH. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ATP7B variations in cats with PCH. Methods Rhodanine staining was performed to detect hepatic copper accumulation (HCA) in intraoperative liver tissue specimens from 54 cats. In cats with HCA, variations in ATP7B and COMMD1 and serum ceruloplasmin activity were analysed. Results Based on age, liver histopathological findings and hepatic distribution of accumulated copper, PCH was suspected in 4/54 cats. Sequence analysis of ATP7B and COMMD1 revealed single-nucleotide variations in ATP7B in 3/4 cats with PCH. Among the cats with PCH, one showed remarkably low serum ceruloplasmin activity, while the other three did not. Conclusions and relevance The results of this study suggest that some cats with PCH harbour single-nucleotide variations in ATP7B, suggesting that feline PCH is an equivalent disorder to human Wilson’s disease. This study provides basic evidence facilitating further studies of the pathophysiology and treatment of feline PCH.
Dual energy CT in the management of antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke for carotid obstruction
Authors: Murias Eduardo , Vega Pedro , Lopez-Cancio Elena , Peña Jorge , Morales Edison , Benavente Lorena , González Montserrat , Larrosa Davinia , Rico Maria , Riesco Nuria , Cadenas Maria , Jimenez Jose Maria , Chaviano Juan , Saiz Antonio , Calleja Sergio , Arias Faustino 
Published: November 2019

Background and purpose Acute tandem occlusions often require carotid stenting. Combination of mechanical and pharmacologic therapies in addition to antiplatelet drugs administered to prevent acute stent thrombosis might increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. We present a protocol of antiplatelet regimen based on early post-procedural dual-energy CT (DE-CT). Material and methods Fifty consecutive stroke patients with tandem occlusions treated with acute carotid stenting after intracranial thrombectomy and TICI 2b/3 were reviewed. All patients received intravenous lysine acetylsalicylate during the procedure. Dual (aspirin+clopidogrel with or without clopidogrel load, groups A and B, respectively) or mono (aspirin) antiplatelet regimen (group C) was administered 12–24 h later according to brain DE-CT findings. Carotid ultrasonography was performed at 24 h and before discharge. We evaluated the rate of subsequent symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) and acute stent thrombosis in each group. Results Between June 2014 and December 2016, 50 patients were included (mean age 66 years, 76% men, baseline NIHSS 16, median time from symptom onset to recanalization 266 min). According to DE-CT, 24 patients were assigned to group A, 19 to group B and 7 to group C (4 of them had SICH at that time). One patient suffered a subsequent SICH (belonging to group B). There was only one stent thrombosis without clinical repercussions in group B. Conclusions DE-CT may contribute to select antiplatelet regimen after acute carotid stenting in tandem occlusions.