bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A first estimation of the impact of public health actions against COVID-19 in Veneto (Italy)
Authors: Gregori Dario , Azzolina Danila , Lanera Corrado , Prosepe Ilaria , Destro Nicolas , Lorenzoni Giulia , Berchialla Paola 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundVeneto is one of the first Italian regions where the COVID-19 outbreak started spreading. Containment measures were approved soon thereafter. The present study aims at providing a first look at the impact of the containment measures on the outbreak progression in the Veneto region, Italy.MethodsA Bayesian changepoint analysis was used to identify the changing speed of the epidemic curve. Then, a piecewise polynomial model was considered to fit the data in the first period before the detected changepoint. In this time interval, that is, the weeks from 27 February to 12 March, a quadratic growth was identified by a generalised additive model (GAM). Finally, the model was used to generate the projection of the expected number of hospitalisations at 2 weeks based on the epidemic speed before the changepoint. Such estimates were then compared with the actual outbreak behaviour.ResultsThe comparison between the observed and predicted hospitalisation curves highlights a slowdown on the total COVID-19 hospitalisations after the onset of containment measures. The estimated daily slowdown effect of the epidemic growth is estimated as 78 hospitalisations per day as of 27 March (95% CI 75 to 81).ConclusionsThe containment strategies seem to have positively impacted the progression of the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak in Veneto.
Early ischaemic and haemorrhagic complications after atrial fibrillation-related ischaemic stroke: analysis of the IAC study
Authors: Yaghi Shadi , Henninger Nils , Scher Erica , Giles James , Liu Angela , Nagy Muhammad , Kaushal Ashutosh , Azher Idrees , Mac Grory Brian , Fakhri Hiba , Espaillat Kiersten Brown , Asad Syed Daniyal , Pasupuleti Hemanth , Martin Heather , Tan Jose , Veerasamy Manivannan , Liberman Ava L , Esenwa Charles , Cheng Natalie , Moncrieffe Khadean , Moeini-Naghani Iman , Siddu Mithilesh , Trivedi Tushar , Leon Guerrero Christopher R , Khan Muhib , Nouh Amre , Mistry Eva , Keyrouz Salah , Furie Karen 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionPredictors of long-term ischaemic and haemorrhagic complications in atrial fibrillation (AF) have been studied, but there are limited data on predictors of early ischaemic and haemorrhagic complications after AF-associated ischaemic stroke. We sought to determine these predictors.MethodsThe Initiation of Anticoagulation after Cardioembolic stroke study is a multicentre retrospective study across that pooled data from consecutive patients with ischaemic stroke in the setting of AF from stroke registries across eight comprehensive stroke centres in the USA. The coprimary outcomes were recurrent ischaemic event (stroke/TIA/systemic arterial embolism) and delayed symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (d-sICH) within 90 days. We performed univariate analyses and Cox regression analyses including important predictors on univariate analyses to determine independent predictors of early ischaemic events (stroke/TIA/systemic embolism) and d-sICH.ResultsOut of 2084 patients, 1520 patients qualified; 104 patients (6.8%) had recurrent ischaemic events and 23 patients (1.5%) had d-sICH within 90 days from the index event. In Cox regression models, factors associated with a trend for recurrent ischaemic events were prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) (HR 1.42, 95% CI 0.96 to 2.10) and ipsilateral arterial stenosis with 50%–99% narrowing (HR 1.54, 95% CI 0.98 to 2.43). Those associated with sICH were male sex (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.06 to 6.83), history of hyperlipidaemia (HR 2.91, 95% CI 1.08 to 7.84) and early haemorrhagic transformation (HR 5.35, 95% CI 2.22 to 12.92).ConclusionIn patients with ischaemic stroke and AF, predictors of d-sICH are different than those of recurrent ischaemic events; therefore, recognising these predictors may help inform early stroke versus d-sICH prevention strategies.
Preventing kidney injury among sugarcane workers: promising evidence from enhanced workplace interventions
Authors: Glaser Jason , Hansson Erik , Weiss Ilana , Wesseling Catharina , Jakobsson Kristina , Ekström Ulf , Apelqvist Jenny , Lucas Rebekah , Arias Monge Esteban , Peraza Sandra , Hogstedt Christer , Wegman David H 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo assess if improvement of working conditions related to heat stress was associated with improved kidney health outcomes among sugarcane harvest workers in Chichigalpa, Nicaragua, a region heavily affected by the epidemic of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin.MethodsBased on our findings during the 2017–2018 harvest (harvest 1), recommendations that enhanced the rest schedule and improved access to hydration and shade were given before the 2018–2019 harvest (harvest 2). Actual work conditions during harvest 2 were then observed. Serum creatinine (SCr) was measured before and at end-harvest, and cross-harvest changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and incident kidney injury (IKI, ie, SCr increase by ≥0.30 mg/dL or ≥1.5 times the baseline value) were compared between harvest 1 and harvest 2 for three jobs with different physical workloads using regression modelling. Workers who left during harvest were contacted at home, to address the healthy worker selection effect.ResultsIn burned cane cutters, mean cross-harvest eGFR decreased 6 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI 2 to 9 mL/min/1.73 m2) less and IKI was 70% (95% CI 90% to 50%) lower in harvest 2 as compared with harvest 1 data. No such improvements were seen among seed cutters groups with less successful intervention implementation.ConclusionKidney injury risk was again elevated in workers with strenuous jobs. The results support further efforts to prevent kidney injury among sugarcane workers, and other heat-stressed workers, by improving access to water, rest and shade. The distinction between design and implementation of such interventions should be recognised.
Automated interpretation of the coronary angioscopy with deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Miyoshi Toru , Higaki Akinori , Kawakami Hideo , Yamaguchi Osamu 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundCoronary angioscopy (CAS) is a useful modality to assess atherosclerotic changes, but interpretation of the images requires expert knowledge. Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) can be used for diagnostic prediction and image synthesis.Methods107 images from 47 patients, who underwent CAS in our hospital between 2014 and 2017, and 864 images, selected from 142 MEDLINE-indexed articles published between 2000 and 2019, were analysed. First, we developed a prediction model for the angioscopic findings. Next, we made a generative adversarial networks (GAN) model to simulate the CAS images. Finally, we tried to control the output images according to the angioscopic findings with conditional GAN architecture.ResultsFor both yellow colour (YC) grade and neointimal coverage (NC) grade, we could observe strong correlations between the true grades and the predicted values (YC grade, average r=0.80±0.02, p<0.001; NC grade, average r=0.73±0.02, p<0.001). The binary classification model for the red thrombus yielded 0.71±0.03 F1-score and the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.91±0.02. The standard GAN model could generate realistic CAS images (average Inception score=3.57±0.06). GAN-based data augmentation improved the performance of the prediction models. In the conditional GAN model, there were significant correlations between given values and the expert’s diagnosis in YC grade but not in NC grade.ConclusionDCNN is useful in both predictive and generative modelling that can help develop the diagnostic support system for CAS.
Why paleomedicine is useful for medical education
Authors: Charlier Philippe , Donnell Simon , Lippi Donatella , Nerlich Andreas , Asensi Victor , Perciaccante Antonio , Appenzeller Otto , Bianucci Raffaella 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWhat is the place of medico-historical cases in the professional practice of the disciplinary field of medicine and biology? How can these patients from the past be used for teaching and continuing medical education? How to justify their place in biomedical publications? In this article, we explain all the legitimacy of paleomedicine, and the need to intensify such research in the form of a well-individualised branch of paleopathology and the history of medicine.
Application of analytical techniques to petroleum systems: an introduction
Authors: Dowey Patrick J. , Osborne Mark , Volk Herbert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cutting-edge techniques have always been utilized in petroleum exploration and production to reduce costs and improve efficiencies. Innovations in analytical methods will continue to play a key role in the industry moving forwards, as society shifts towards lower carbon energy systems. This volume brings together new analytical approaches and describes how they can be applied to the study of petroleum systems. The papers within this volume cover a wide range of topics and case studies, in the fields of fluid and isotope geochemistry, organic geochemistry, imaging and sediment provenance. The work illustrates how the current, state-of-the-art technology can be effectively utilized to address ongoing challenges in petroleum geoscience.
Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Mortality among Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer Patients
Authors: Ou Judy Y. , Hanson Heidi A. , Ramsay Joemy M. , Kaddas Heydon K. , Pope Clive Arden , Leiser Claire L. , VanDerslice James , Kirchhoff Anne C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Air pollution is a carcinogen and causes pulmonary and cardiac complications. We examined the association of fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) and mortality from cancer and all causes among pediatric, adolescent, and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer in Utah, a state with considerable variation in PM2.5.

Methods:
We followed 2,444 pediatric (diagnosed ages 0–14) and 13,459 AYA (diagnosed ages 15–39) patients diagnosed in 1986–2015 from diagnosis to 5 and 10 years postdiagnosis, death, or emigration. We measured average monthly PM2.5 by ZIP code during follow-up. Separate pediatric and AYA multivariable Cox models estimated the association of PM2.5 and mortality. Among AYAs, we examined effect modification of PM2.5 and mortality by stage while controlling for cancer type.

Results:
Increases in PM2.5 per 5 μg/m3 were associated with cancer mortality in pediatric lymphomas and central nervous system (CNS) tumors at both time points, and all cause mortality in lymphoid leukemias [HR5-year = 1.32 (1.02–1.71)]. Among AYAs, PM2.5 per 5 μg/m3 was associated with cancer mortality in CNS tumors and carcinomas at both time points, and all cause mortality for all AYA cancer types [HR5-year = 1.06 (1.01–1.13)]. PM2.5 ≥12 μg/m3 was associated with cancer mortality among breast [HR5-year = 1.50 (1.29–1.74); HR10-year = 1.30 (1.13–1.50)] and colorectal cancers [HR5-year = 1.74 (1.29–2.35); HR10-year = 1.67 (1.20–2.31)] at both time points. Effect modification by stage was significant, with local tumors at highest risk.

Conclusions:
PM2.5 was associated with mortality in pediatric and AYA patients with specific cancers.

Impact:
Limiting PM2.5 exposure may be important for young cancer patients with certain cancers.
See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Environmental Carcinogenesis: Pathways to Prevention.”
Combinatorial Inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase and BCL-2 Enhances Antileukemia Activity of Venetoclax in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Wang Xiangmeng , Mak Po Yee , Mu Hong , Tao Wenjing , Rao Arvind , Visweswaran Ravikumar , Ruvolo Vivian , Pachter Jonathan A. , Weaver David T. , Andreeff Michael , Xu Bing , Carter Bing Z. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) promotes cancer cell growth and metastasis. We previously reported that FAK inhibition by the selective inhibitor VS-4718 exerted antileukemia activities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mechanisms involved, and whether VS-4718 potentiates efficacy of other therapeutic agents, have not been investigated. Resistance to apoptosis inducted by the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199 (venetoclax) in AML is mediated by preexisting and ABT-199–induced overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-XL. We observed that VS-4718 or silencing FAK with siRNA decreased MCL-1 and BCL-XL levels. Importantly, VS-4718 antagonized ABT-199–induced MCL-1 and BCL-XL. VS-4718 markedly synergized with ABT-199 to induce apoptosis in AML cells, including primary AML CD34+ cells and AML cells overexpressing MCL-1 or BCL-XL. In a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model derived from a patient sample with NPM1/FLT3-ITD/TET2/DNMT3A/WT1 mutations and complex karyotype, VS-4718 statistically significantly reduced leukemia tissue infiltration and extended survival (72 vs. control 36 days, P = 0.0002), and only its combination with ABT-199 effectively decreased systemic leukemia tissue infiltration and circulating blasts, and prolonged survival (65.5 vs. control 36 days, P = 0.0119). Furthermore, the combination decreased NFκB signaling and induced the expression of IFN genes in vivo. The combination also markedly extended survival of a second PDX model developed from an aggressive, TP53-mutated complex karyotype AML sample. The data suggest that the combined inhibition of FAK and BCL-2 enhances antileukemia activity in AML at least in part by suppressing MCL-1 and BCL-XL and that this combination may be effective in AML with TP53 and other mutations, and thus benefit patients with high-risk AML.
Autocrine CCL5 Effect Mediates Trastuzumab Resistance by ERK Pathway Activation in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Zazo Sandra , González-Alonso Paula , Martín-Aparicio Ester , Chamizo Cristina , Luque Melani , Sanz-Álvarez Marta , Mínguez Pablo , Gómez-López Gonzalo , Cristóbal Ion , Caramés Cristina , García-Foncillas Jesús , Eroles Pilar , Lluch Ana , Arpí Oriol , Rovira Ana , Albanell Joan , Madoz-Gúrpide Juan , Rojo Federico 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
HER2-positive breast cancer is currently managed with chemotherapy in combination with specific anti-HER2 therapies, including trastuzumab. However, a high percentage of patients with HER2-positive tumors do not respond to trastuzumab (primary resistance) or either recur (acquired resistance), mostly due to molecular alterations in the tumor that are either unknown or undetermined in clinical practice. Those alterations may cause the tumor to be refractory to treatment with trastuzumab, promoting tumor proliferation and metastasis. Using continued exposure of a HER2-positive cell line to trastuzumab, we generated a model of acquired resistance characterized by increased expression of several cytokines. Differential gene expression analysis indicated an overexpression of 15 genes, including five different chemokines, and highlighting CCL5/RANTES as the most overexpressed one. Functional studies, either by in vitro gene silencing or by in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic inhibition of the CCL5/CCR5 interaction with maraviroc, confirmed that CCL5 overexpression was implicated in acquired resistance to trastuzumab, which was mediated by ERK activation. In patient samples, increased CCL5 expression significantly correlated with lower rates of complete response after neoadjuvant therapy, confirmed by detection of high serum CCL5 levels by ELISA. Overexpression of CCL5 correlated with ERK phosphorylation in tumor cells and was statistically associated with worse disease-free survival and overall cancer survival in patients with early HER2-positive breast cancer.
Development of a MUC16-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescent Antibody Conjugate for Intraoperative Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Olson Madeline T. , Wojtynek Nicholas E. , Talmon Geoffrey A. , Caffrey Thomas C. , Radhakrishnan Prakash , Ly Quan P. , Hollingsworth Michael A. , Mohs Aaron M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Surgical resection is currently the only potentially curative option for patients with pancreatic cancer. However, the 5-year survival rate after resection is only 25%, due in part to high rates of R1 resections, in which cells are left behind at the surgical margin, resulting in disease recurrence. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) has emerged as a method to reduce incomplete resections and improve intraoperative assessment of cancer. Mucin-16 (MUC16), a protein biomarker highly overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, is a potential target for FGS. In this study, we developed a fluorescent MUC16-targeted antibody probe, AR9.6-IRDye800, for image-guided resection of pancreatic cancer. We demonstrated the efficacy of this probe to bind human pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. In an orthotopic xenograft model, AR9.6-IRDye800 exhibited superior fluorescence enhancement of tumors and lower signal in critical background organs in comparison to a nonspecific IgG control. The results of this study suggest that AR9.6-IRDye800 has potential for success as a probe for FGS in pancreatic cancer patients, and MUC16 is a feasible target for intraoperative imaging.
Sugar‐Sweetened Beverage Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the California Teachers Study
Authors: Pacheco Lorena S. , Lacey James V. , Martinez Maria Elena , Lemus Hector , Araneta Maria Rosario G. , Sears Dorothy D. , Talavera Gregory A. , Anderson Cheryl A. M. 
Published: May 2020

Background

Sugar‐sweetened beverage (
SSB
) consumption has been associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, the association between total and type of
SSB
intake and incident cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) end points such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and revascularization is limited.

Methods and Results

We examined the prospective association of baseline
SSB
consumption with incident
CVD
in 106 178 women free from
CVD
and diabetes mellitus in the CTS (California Teachers Study), a cohort of female teachers and administrators, followed since 1995.
SSB
s were defined as caloric soft drinks, sweetened bottled waters or teas, and fruit drinks, and derived from a self‐administered food frequency questionnaire.
CVD
end points were based on annual linkage with statewide inpatient hospitalization records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between
SSB
consumption and incident
CVD
. A total of 8848
CVD
incident cases were documented over 20 years of follow‐up. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed higher hazard ratios (
HRs
) for
CVD
(HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06–1.34), revascularization (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.04–1.54]), and stroke (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04–1.41) in women who consumed ≥1 serving per day of
SSB
s compared with rare/never consumers. We also observed a higher risk of
CVD
in women who consumed ≥1 serving per day of fruit drinks (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.00–2.01 [
P
trend=0.021]) and caloric soft drinks (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05–1.44 [
P
trend=0.0002]), compared with rare/never consumers.

Conclusions

Consuming ≥1 serving per day of
SSB
was associated with
CVD
, revascularization, and stroke.
SSB
intake might be a modifiable dietary target to reduce risk of
CVD
among women.
Development and Validation of a Prognostic Tool for Direct Enteral Tube Insertion After Acute Stroke
Authors: Joundi Raed A. , Saposnik Gustavo , Martino Rosemary , Fang Jiming , Kapral Moira K. 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose—
We aimed to create a novel prognostic risk score to estimate outcomes after direct enteral tube placement in acute stroke.

Methods—
We used the Ontario Stroke Registry and linked databases to obtain clinical information on all patients with direct enteral tube insertion after ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage from July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2010 (derivation cohort) and July 1, 2010 to March 31, 2013 (validation cohort). We used multivariable regression to assign scores to predictor variables for 3 outcomes after tube placement: favorable outcome (discharge modified Rankin Scale score 0–3 and alive at 90 days), poor outcome (discharge modified Rankin Scale score 5 or death at 90 days), and 30-day mortality.

Results—

Variables associated with a favorable outcome were younger age, preadmission independence, ischemic stroke rather than intracerebral hemorrhage, lower stroke severity, and a shorter time between stroke and tube placement. Variables associated with a poor outcome were older age, preadmission dependence, atrial fibrillation, greater stroke severity, and tracheostomy. Age, preadmission dependence, atrial fibrillation, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and shorter time to tube placement were associated with increased 30-day mortality. Using these variables, we created an online calculator to facilitate estimation of individual patient risk of favorable and poor outcomes.
C
-statistic in the validation cohort was 0.82 for favorable outcome, 0.65 for poor outcome, and 0.62 for 30-day mortality, and calibration was adequate.

Conclusions—
We developed risk scores to estimate outcomes after direct enteral tube insertion for acute dysphagic stroke. This information may be useful in discussions with patients and families when there is prognostic uncertainty surrounding outcomes with direct enteral tube placement after stroke.
Signs of Pulmonary Infection on Admission Chest Computed Tomography Are Associated With Pneumonia or Death in Patients With Acute Stroke
Authors: de Jonge Jeroen C. , Takx Richard A.P. , Kauw Frans , de Jong Pim A. , Dankbaar Jan W. , van der Worp H. Bart 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose—
In patients with acute stroke, the occurrence of pneumonia has been associated with poor functional outcomes and an increased risk of death. We assessed the presence and consequences of signs of pulmonary infection on chest computed tomography (CT) before the development of clinically overt pneumonia.

Methods—
In 200 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who had CT angiography from skull to diaphragm (including CT of the chest) within 24 hours of symptom onset, we assessed the presence of consolidation, ground-glass-opacity and the tree-in-bud sign as CT signs of pulmonary infection and assessed the association with the development of clinically overt pneumonia and death in the first 7 days and functional outcome after 90 days with logistic regression.

Results—

The median time from stroke onset to CT was 151 minutes (interquartile range, 84–372). Thirty patients (15%) had radiological signs of infection on admission, and 22 (11.0%) had a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia in the first 7 days. Patients with radiological signs of infection had a higher risk of developing clinically overt pneumonia (30% versus 7.6%; adjusted odds ratios, 4.2 [95% CI, 1.5–11.7];
P
=0.006) and had a higher risk of death at 7 days (adjusted odds ratios, 3.7 [95% CI, 1.2–11.6];
P
=0.02), but not at 90 days.

Conclusions—
About 1 in 7 patients with acute ischemic stroke had radiological signs of pulmonary infection within hours of stroke onset. These patients had a higher risk of clinically overt pneumonia or death. Early administration of antibiotics in these patients may lead to better outcomes.