bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Исследование изменения теплового режима канализационных сетей в зимний период
Authors: Terekhov L. , Mainy S. 
Published: December 2019

Канализационные трубопроводы являются одним из основных элементов системы водоотведения, определяющих ее надежность и экономичность. Система водоотведения г. Кызыла располагается в районах с суровым климатом, отличающимся глубоким сезонным промерзанием грунтов, превышающим 3,2 м. Уменьшение глубины заложения канализационных трубопроводов в этих условиях является актуальной задачей. Цель исследований заключалась в обосновании уменьшения глубины заложения трубопроводов при сохранении надежности работы в нормальном эксплуатационном режиме и обеспечении незамерзаемости в возможных аварийных ситуациях. Представлены результаты натурных экспериментальных исследований по изучению теплового режима на действующей системе канализации г. Кызыла в зимний период. Приведены результаты замеров температуры сточных вод на разных участках канализационной сети в разное время суток. На основе полученных данных выполнен теплотехнический расчет сети, который позволил дать заключение о назначении глубины заложения труб на выпусках из зданий 1,8 м с возможным ее уменьшением в дальнейшем.Sewer pipelines are one of the main components of a sanitation system that determines its integrity and effectiveness. The sanitation system of Kyzyl has been constructed in the areas with a rigorous climate that is characterized by deep seasonal soil freezing exceeding 3.2 m. Reducing the depth of laying sewer pipelines against this background is a critical task. The study was aiming at the substantiation of reducing the pipe laying depth while maintaining the integrity of their operation in the normal way and ensuring non-freezing in possible emergency situations. The results of full-scale studies of the thermal conditions of operating the sanitation system of Kyzyl in winter are presented. The results of wastewater temperature measurements in different sewer network sections at different times of the day are given. Based on the obtained data a thermotechnical calculation of the network was carried out that provided for assigning 1.8 m pipe laying depth of the building drains with possible reduction in future.
PENINGKATAN KEDISIPLINAN GURU MELALUI REWARD AND PUNISHMENT DI SDN KETAWANG KARAY I KECAMATAN GANDING KABUPATEN SUMENEP SEMESTER 1 TAHUN 2017/2018
Authors: Ngumpriyatun Ngumpriyatun 
Published: December 2019

A learning can be done well if the teacher can behave discipline in following the learning. Discipline is a situation where the teacher adheres to the rules or rules that apply. In attendance, many teachers at Ketawang Karay I Elementary School in Ganding Sub-District, Sumenep District, often come late to school. This causes wasted learning time in the morning. In addition, there are still many teachers in learning who do not make classroom administration and complete other learning. The principal takes steps to correct this condition by conducting school actions to improve the situation. Ways that can be used by principals so that teachers can behave in a discipline are by giving rewards and punishment. Reward And Punishment given by the principal will increase the discipline of teachers in Ketawang Karay I Elementary School, Ganding Sub-District, Sumenep Regency.
This research uses action research with the results of increasing teacher discipline through Reward And Punishment in Ketawang Karay I Elementary School, Ganding Sub-District, Sumenep Regency, Semester 1, 2017/2018 can increase. This is evident from the results of the initial conditions, the discipline of the teacher in attendance (the teacher is present on time) there are 3 teachers or 27.27%, increasing again in the first cycle of the teacher's right time there are 7 or 63.64%, and increase again in cycle II to 10 or 90.91%.
Ensino de Estatística no Ensino Médio: uma proposta interdisciplinar entre matemática e educação física
Authors: Machado Fagundes Gonçalves Felipe Antonio , Junior Guataçara Dos Santos , Pereira Caroline Subirá , Dias Cristiane De Fatima Budek 
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições de uma Sequência de Ensino interdisciplinar, envolvendo as disciplinas de Matemática e Educação Física, para o ensino e a aprendizagem de Estatística no Ensino Médio. A Sequência de Ensino foi aplicada em uma escola da rede pública estadual do Paraná. Os dados foram obtidos com a construção de um diário de campo do pesquisador, textos de opinião da professora de Matemática e do professor de Educação Física envolvidos nas atividades e materiais produzidos pelos alunos. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a metodologia da Análise Textual Discursiva. Constatou-se como resultados que os alunos possuem dificuldades com conteúdos básicos de Estatística. Entretanto, foi possível observar que uma proposta de trabalho pautada na interdisciplinaridade contribui para o ensino e a aprendizagem de ambas as disciplinas envolvidas. Foi possível observar, ainda, que a prática interdisciplinar causa mais interesse e engajamento nos alunos. Os professores participantes da pesquisa consideraram que a interdisciplinaridade pode concretizar-se no modelo de ensino atual, porém necessita de uma mudança na postura do professor.
Un poco de razón, un poco de espejismo
Authors: Del Pino Ángeles Mateo 
Published: December 2019

Javier Bello, Concepción, Chile, (1972). Licenciado en Humanidades con Mención en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica por la Universidad de Chile y Doctor en Literatura Española Moderna y Contemporánea por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Ha publicado los siguientes poemarios: La noche venenosa (Concepción, Letra Nueva, 1987), La huella del olvido (Concepción, Letra Nueva, 1989), La rosa del mundo (Santiago, Lom, 1996), Las jaulas (Madrid, Visor, 1998), Jaula sin mí (Huelva, Diputación Provincial de Huelva, 1999) y El fulgor del vacío (Santiago, Editorial Cuarto Propio, 2002), que incluye La huella del olvido, Las jaulas, y el poemario inédito Los pobladores del entre sueño. En 1992 recibe la Beca para la Creación Poética Joven de la Fundación “Pablo Neruda”. En 1994 obtiene el Primer Premio de Poesía en los “Juegos Florales Gabriela Mistral” por el poemario La rosa del mundo. En 1998 el poemario Las Jaulas recibe un accésit al VIII Premio “Jaime Gil de Biedma”, Segovia, España. Es coeditor del Retablo de Literatura Chilena en Internet y de la revista electrónica Cyber Humanitatis proyectos de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades de la Universidad de Chile. Sus poemas han sido incluidos en numerosas antologías poéticas nacionales y en el extranjero.
Max E. Figueroa Esteva. La filosofía del lenguaje. De Francis Bacon a Karl Wilhelm von Humboldt
Authors: Navarro Gálvez Jesús Abad 
Published: December 2019

La filosofía del lenguaje. De Francis Bacon a Karl Wilhelm von Humboldt, escrito por Max Figueroa, proporciona una serie de entradas que están encabezadas por algunos de los más importantes filósofos, lógicos, científicos y obispos, entre otros, los cuales reflexionan sobre la importancia que tiene el lenguaje como tópico filosófico.
Critical Care Outreach Team
Authors: Acharya Subhash P , Sitoula Kabita , Gautam Prabha , Pradhan Saurabh , Gautam Govind 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Critical Care Outreach Team is established to timely identify sick patients outside ICU and initiate proper therapy before they deteriorate. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of CCOT in a tertiary center in Nepal.
Methods: This is a before-after comparative study conducted in a level II postoperative ward in Nepal. CCOT was established which comprised of an Intensivist, ICU resident and critical care nurse. The outcome of patients three months before and three months after the establishment of CCOT were compared.
Results: In pre-CCOT period, there were 582 admissions, among which 538 (92.4%) patients were admitted for postoperative care and 27 (4.63%) patients were critically ill and fifteen were intubated. Among 582 patients, 531 got better and transferred out but 9 of them got readmitted again within 48 hours. In the post-CCOT period, there were 561 admissions, among which 512 (91.2%) were admitted for postoperative care and 22 (3.92%) were critically ill and only 10 of them got intubated and shifted to ICU. Among 561 patients, 491 improved and were transferred out and 7 got readmitted only after 96 hours. Another 10 patients goals of care were discussed and DNI/DNR order instituted and end of life care was given for them who later expired at Postoperative ward.
Conclusions: This shows that CCOT intervention outside ICU is important to reduce ICU admissions, decrease early readmission and clarify goals of care prior to ICU.
Multi-disciplinary Medico-legal Approach and Challenges in Interpretation of Injury from an Amputated Hand: A Case Report
Authors: Acharya Jenash , Pradhan Sailesh , Maskey Sandesh 
Published: December 2019

Among various duties of any medico-legal expert, responsibility of Injury Examination Report preparation is encountered routinely in his/her career. Among various challenges faced by the examiner, documenting the injuries becomes exigent when s/he is acquainted with artifact like therapeutic alteration of the injury produced in victim.
We report a case of a victim of electric injuries sustained over both his upper limbs. The requisition to prepare an Injury Examination Report was received from investigating officer a month after the incident. On examination of the patient, the challenge faced was that the injured limbs were amputated a day before the examination, and his body showed no other injuries. An urgent consultation with plastic surgeon revealed that the amputated body part was sent for histopathology analysis. A report was prepared from a formalin soaked amputated bilateral hands in pathology department and handed over to the investigating officer.
Keywords: amputation; electric injury; injury examination report; medico-legal.
Functional Outcome Of Mini-Open Carpal Tunnel Release In Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Pradhan Sagun , Bista Rishi , Sharma Laxman , Poudel Nabin , Amatya Bhawana 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common compression neuropathy in clinical practice and is also the most extensively studied. In Mini-open carpal tunnel release, the transverse carpal ligament is transected using a small open cut at the volar aspect of the proximal palm. The objectives of this study were to determine the functional outcome of mini-open carpal tunnel release procedure, to use the Boston Questionnaire to determine the functional outcome following mini open carpal tunnel release which includes pain, numbness, weakness and fine hand activities.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional was conducted in National After informed consent, the cases who meet the informed criteria were examined and relevant details were filled up in the proforma preoperatively and two weeks post-operatively. Assessment of the patient’s symptom severity and functional status was done with the Boston questionnaire.
Results: CTS was most common in the age group of 25-29 years (36.36%) and was predominant in housewives (18.20%). Mean symptom severity scores per person improved from 3.11 pre-operatively to 1.12 post-operatively. Mean functional status scores per person improved from 2.65 pre-operatively to 1.03 post-operatively. There was a statistically significant improvement in postoperative outcomes in our population.
Conclusions: The findings in this study indicate that mini-open carpal tunnel release has a good functional outcome.
Keywords: carpal tunnel syndrome; compression neuropathy; transverse carpal ligament.
A Rare Case of Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report
Authors: Shrestha Tirtha Man , Neupane Ram , Neupane Bandana , Manandhar Reeju 
Published: December 2019

Pulmonary embolism in an old patient with a history of coagulation disorder, any recent major surgeries or in a chronic heart or lung diseases is widely reported. Also, a recent history of travel by air with flight distance of more than 5000km or BMI greater than 35 kg/m2 increase risk. However, we report here, a suggestive case of acute pulmonary embolism in a previously well male of 38 years, with a BMI of 25.71kg/m2 without any history of chronic illness or acute exacerbations.
The patient presented in health facility with sudden onset of radiating chest pain and some other nonspecific symptoms. Neither any other significant personal risk factors except smoking, nor any family history of heart/lung diseases were ruled out during initial assessments. On investigations, other routine examinations were normal but T-wave inversion was noticed in lead V1-4 in ECG, Troponin-I was positive and CPK-MB was slightly elevated (27 U/L). Furthermore, no any remarkable changes were noticed in Chest X-ray. Then, the patient was referred to higher center with cardiac facility with provisional diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome for further evaluation and management.
Thereupon, Coronary Angiogram (CAG) was done and the report was normal but echocardiography findings were suggestive of pulmonary Embolism. D-dimer was also elevated (8279.05 ng/ml) but venous doppler study of bilateral lower limb was normal. Finally, CT-PA showed partially occluding thrombus in main pulmonary bifurcation extending into left and right pulmonary artery, its bilateral segmental branches and calcified granuloma was seen in right lobe of liver. Patient was under inj. LMWH and other supportive management during hospitalization. After an uneventful hospital stay for 12 days, general condition was improved and eventually, patient was discharged, with oral warfarin.
Keywords: chest pain; Nepal; pulmonary embolism; risk factors.
Functional And Neurological Outcomes Of Closed Reduction And Percutaneous Pinning In Pediatric Monteggia Fracture
Authors: Pradhan Govinda 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the neurological and functional recovery of children with Monteggia fracture following closed reduction and percutaneous pinning.
Methods: It was a descriptive observational study, patients aged from 3 to 15 years with Monteggia fractures are taken in to consideration during the period between 2074/02/01 and 2074/7/30. Participants were selected on the basis of pre-determined inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 33 patients were included in the study. The demographics and pre- and post-operative outcomes were recorded in semi-structured proforma. Data entry, synthesis and descriptive analysis were done using MS EXCEL and SPSS version 16.0.
Results: Total of 33 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean age was 8.21±3.4 years, with sex ratio (m: f) of 1.75: 1. Majority of the patients (57.58%) injured their left elbow and the most common mechanism of injury was fall while playing (36.36%). According to modified classification system for children, 60.61% had class C and 39.39% had class B Monteggia fracture. Five patients (15.15%) presented with PIN injury. All patients were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (IM RUSH nail) within 2.27±1.30 days after injury. The average duration of surgery was 62.42±23.55 minutes. The average duration of fracture healing was 5.39±1.6 weeks. Jupiter’s criteria for the evaluation of elbow function was used and at the time of cast removal, 6 (18.18%) had excellent, 10 (30.30%) had good, 13 (39.39%) had fair and 4 (12.13%) had poor functional recovery.
Conclusions: This study concludes that most of the pediatric Monteggia fractures (class B and C) can be treated with closed reduction and percutaneous intramedullary nailing using RUSH pins. This technique has very good functional and neurological outcomes with fewer complications.
Keywords: children; functional recovery; Intra-medullary nailing; jupiter’s criteria; Monteggia fractures.
Role of Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Painful Shoulder
Authors: Sharma Sindhu , Pant Santosh , Rajbhandari Bibek 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Shoulder pain is a common problem encountered in clinical practice. It is often disabling to the patient and results in considerable morbidity and unsatisfactory outcomes if therapy is not instituted effectively or delayed. Ultrasonography is a rapid, real time and cost effective alternative to MRI and diagnostic arthroscopy. Here, we compare sonographic diagnosis with clinical diagnosis in the diagnosis of the various causes of shoulder pain.
Methods: This descriptive study was done in the radiology department of Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur during a time period of 18 months. About 30 cases of shoulder pain that had been evaluated clinically by a single examiner in the orthopedics OPD were diagnosed with the help of sonography. Correlation between clinical diagnosis and USG diagnosis was done.
Results: Clinically, most of these cases were provisionally diagnosed as Frozen shoulder 9 (30%) followed by Cuff tendinopathy 8 (26.66%) and Impingement syndrome 6 (20%). However, USG of the shoulder revealed rotator cuff tendinopathy and cuff tear (n=6 each) to be the main etiology behind shoulder pain. Supraspinatus calcific tendinopathy was found in 4 individuals. Hence, it was seen that the diagnosis of the causes of shoulder pain with clinical tests alone is unsatisfactory. Out of 30 cases, clinical examination could correctly diagnose only 20% of the time (n=6). 73% of the time (n=20), USG showed a different diagnosis compared to clinical examination whereas in 4 (7%) cases a more specific diagnosis was reached.Conclusions: We conclude that USG is more specific and frequently leads to increased diagnostic accuracy when compared to clinical examination.
A Comparative Study on Community Based DOTS service and Health Institution Based DOTS service among TB Patients
Authors: Baral Subash , Adhikari Shraddha 
Published: December 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most problematic and highly prevalent communicable disease affecting about one-third of the world’s population and debilitating pulmonary (PTB) infection today. In spite of all these efforts by the government of Nepal, many people still die every year and transferring the disease to the healthy person. The new approach for the effective treatment of tuberculosis has been introduced i.e. Community Based Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (CB-DOTS) which provides training to community health workers to increase awareness, detection, and treatment of TB and bring services directly to the homes of those at risk for infection and those who are infected. The aim of this study was to compare availability, accessibility, compliance and satisfaction between CB-DOTS service and health institution based DOTS (HI-DOTS) service among TB patients. A cross sectional study was carried out in Kaski and Tanahun district in 2014. Census was conducted for the TB patients who are registered during 6 months in the community based DOTS with same number and same time period, that had been enrolled in DOTS from health institution were chosen. The collected data was entered in EPI-DATA and analyzed by using the software SPSS-16. In HI-DOTS the average traveling time to get TB drugs is ≤ 30 minutes for 56.8 percent respondents and in CB-DOTS majority of the respondents; 90.9 percent have to travel ≤ 30 minutes. In HI-DOTS majority; 84.1 percent were dissatisfied and only 15.9 percent were satisfied. Just opposite to this, majority (81.8%) of respondents utilizing CB-DOTS service were satisfied and only 18.2 percent were dissatisfied. There is highly significant association between the patient's satisfaction and two different DOTS services (p<0.001). CB-DOTS service approach shows its better effectiveness in availability, accessibility, compliance and patient's satisfaction aspects. CB-DOTS is a viable option and can complement and strengthen the existing HI-DOTS, especially in developing countries like Nepal where the health system is overwhelmed with increasing number of TB patients and high TB related deaths.
Key words: Community Based Directly Observed Treatment Short Course, Availability, Accessibility, Satisfaction
Distribution Factors of Candida species in Respiratory Tract of Elderly Population of Kathmandu.
Authors: Khaling Rai Mamita , Gurung Krishna , Joshi Devraj 
Published: December 2019

Though normal flora of upper respiratory tract, Candida species are a significant clinical problem for a variety of immune compromised patients worldwide. Impaired salivary gland function, drugs, dentures, high carbohydrate diet, age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, Cushing’s syndrome, malignancies, and immunosuppressive conditions are the associated risk factors for the Candidiasis. The study was designed with the objectives of describing the distribution pattern of Candida species and some molds in the elderly and non elderly population randomly sampled from the three Oldage Care Centers. A total of 304 samples each of sputum and throat swabs were collected from the study objects having age 20-80 years. The specimens were cultured on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA). Candida isolates were identified on the basis of Gram stain, germ tube test, production of chlamydospore, sugar fermentation and assimilation test. The mold isolates were identified by cultural and microscopic characteristics. Out of total 304 samples of each sputum and throat swabs 16.45% and 5.3% samples respectively were growth positive for fungal culture. Among elderly population, 32.87% (47/143) of sputum and 9.8% (14/143) throat swabs showed culture positivity. In case of non elderly population however only 1.9% (3/161) sputum and 1.24% (2/161) throat swab samples were culture positive. In total, 56 Candida isolates (41 from sputum and 14 from throat swabs) were obtained. Significantly higher number of isolates was obtained from elderly population (38 from sputum and 12 from throat swabs) than non elderly population. Among three antimycotic drugs used, the Candida isolates were highly susceptible against Ketoconazole and resistant towards Fluconazole. Candida distribution was significantly associated with the age, respiratory tract problem and smoking habits of the study population. Elderly population having age above 50 years are in the high risk of drug resistant Candida infection.
Key Words: Candida, elderly population, sputum, throat swab, antimycotic susceptibility
Comparative Study of White and Black Sesame by Using Oxygen Glucose Deprivation on PC12 Cells
Authors: Jamarkattel-Pandit Nirmala 
Published: December 2019

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world. It is not only a source of edible oil, but also widely used in baked goods and confectionery products. Sesame seed varies considerably in color, size, and texture of the seed coat. The most commonly used are of white and black sesame, having almost same pharmacological activity and contain almost same components. However, it is reported that the components, such as Se, Zn, Fe, Mg, sesamin, and vitamin E, are different between the white and the black coat sesame. Active components of sesame seeds has been reported as protective effects against neuronal damage induced by chemical hypoxia or hydrogen peroxide but there was no sufficient biological study of white sesame and black sesame. In present study, oxygen and glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD-R) model, an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was used to investigate the effects and comparative study of white sesame and black sesame on different cell lines. This result clearly demonstrated that crude extract of white sesame is superior than crude extract of black sesame and fractions of white sesame and black sesame protected PC12 cells from hypoxia-induced stress.
Keywords: Oxygen glucose deprivation, PC12 Cells, Ischemia model, Sesamum indicum L.