bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal and MAPK Expression Signatures Associate with Telomerase Promoter Mutations in Multiple Cancers
Authors: Stern Josh Lewis , Hibshman Grace , Hu Kevin , Ferrara Sarah E. , Costello James C. , Kim William , Tamayo Pablo , Cech Thomas R. , Huang Franklin W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

In a substantial fraction of cancers TERT promoter (TERTp) mutations drive expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, contributing to their proliferative immortality. We conducted a pan-cancer analysis of cell lines and find a TERTp mutation expression signature dominated by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and MAPK signaling. These data indicate that TERTp mutants are likely to generate distinctive tumor microenvironments and intercellular interactions. Analysis of high-throughput screening tests of 546 small molecules on cell line growth indicated that TERTp mutants displayed heightened sensitivity to specific drugs, including RAS pathway inhibitors, and we found that inhibition of MEK1 and 2, key RAS/MAPK pathway effectors, inhibited TERT mRNA expression. Consistent with an enrichment of mesenchymal states in TERTp mutants, cell lines and some patient tumors displayed low expression of the central adherens junction protein E-cadherin, and we provide evidence that its expression in these cells is regulated by MEK1/2. Several mesenchymal transcription factors displayed elevated expression in TERTp mutants including ZEB1 and 2, TWIST1 and 2, and SNAI1. Of note, the developmental transcription factor SNAI2/SLUG was conspicuously elevated in a significant majority of TERTp-mutant cell lines, and knock-down experiments suggest that it promotes TERT expression.

Implications:
Cancers harboring TERT promoter mutations are often more lethal, but the basis for this higher mortality remains unknown. Our study identifies that TERTp mutants, as a class, associate with a distinct gene and protein expression signature likely to impact their biological and clinical behavior and provide new directions for investigating treatment approaches for these cancers.
TMPRSS2 and COVID-19: Serendipity or Opportunity for Intervention?
Authors: Stopsack Konrad H. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Nelson Peter S. , Kantoff Philip W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
TMPRSS2 is both the most frequently altered gene in primary prostate cancer and a critical factor enabling cellular infection by coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The modulation of its expression by sex steroids could contribute to the male predominance of severe infections, and given that TMPRSS2 has no known indispensable functions, and inhibitors are available, it is an appealing target for prevention or treatment of respiratory viral infections.
O impacto dos algoritmos no consumo de música
Authors: Santini Rose Marie , Salles Debora 
Published: April 2020

Os Sistemas de Recomendação (RS) são definidos como algoritmos que classificam e recomendam produtos culturais a partir de dados sobre as práticas e o comportamento dos usuários. O objetivo deste artigo é diagnosticar as consequências sociais e culturais dos algoritmos de recomendação de música como intermediários culturais on-line, examinando como e até que ponto eles afetam a percepção cultural, a classificação da música, a formação do gosto, o comportamento do ouvinte e a escolhas dos usuários. Realizamos uma revisão sistemática da literatura para identificar e discutir a produção científica sobre as implicações sociais e culturais de tais algoritmos nas práticas de consumo de música. Foram obtidos 311 artigos a partir de pesquisas bibliográficas em nove diferentes bases de dados científicos. Nossa análise crítica indicou quatro abordagens temáticas principais exploradas pela comunidade científica sobre esse tema entre 2000 e 2016: 1) O papel dos sistemas de recomendação na indústria fonográfica; 2) Impacto dos serviços de streaming no download de música; 3) Viés na classificação e recomendação de conteúdo; e 4) Consumo de música como recurso social. Os resultados revelam a lógica da intermediação cultural via sistemas de recomendação no mercado da música: esses algoritmos influenciam, modelam e mapeiam os gostos e hábitos dos usuários em um ambiente aparentemente livre, diversificado e ao mesmo tempo personalizado.
Population dynamics of Hemicycliophora conida as affected by different temperatures and absence of hosts
Authors: Ganji Eliyeh , Hieronymus Christina , Finckh Maria R. , Hallmann Johannes , Schmidt Jan H. 
Published: April 2020

Summary
The effects of temperature and absence of a host plant on the population dynamics of the sheath nematode, Hemicycliophora conida, were studied under glasshouse conditions. Regarding temperature, population dynamics of H. conida on tomato ‘Moneymaker’ were monitored weekly over a period of 12 weeks. In the first experiment, with an average temperature of 21.4°C, population growth of H. conida continuously increased over time from an initial density of 106 nematodes (100 ml soil)−1 to a final density of 820 nematodes (100 ml soil)−1, resulting in a reproduction rate of 7.7. The time required to complete one generation was 6.5 weeks or 598 temperature degree days at 8°C base temperature (TDD8). A second experiment showed that the development of H. conida on tomato was faster at 22.1°C than at 19.0°C. At 22.1°C, one generation was completed after 6 weeks (= 588 TDD8) compared to 8 weeks (=634 TDD8) at 19.0°C. The higher temperature also resulted in a higher reproduction rate (93 at 22.1°C vs 7.8 at 19.0°C). In the absence of a host plant, the population density of H. conida decreased over time. However, this natural decline was less pronounced than for the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. In the first experiment, the population density of H. conida decreased within 18 weeks by 89.5%, while M. hapla was already no longer detectable 12 weeks after inoculation. In the second experiment, H. conida decreased by 98.2% within 16 weeks compared to 99.98% for M. hapla.
From Alma Ata to the SDG s
Authors: Weber Martin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Alma Ata Declaration of 1978 proclaimed “health for all by the year 2000.” In 2019 health is mainstreamed through the United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG s) initiative. Contributing to critical analysis of global health governance (GHG), this article reconstructs the normative premises of the Alma Ata Declaration, the political project it represented, and the successful cases it was inspired by. It contrasts this with an account of the emergence and gradual consolidation of the GHG agenda that is today reflected in the SDG s. The calls for a return to the Alma Ata Declaration resonate strongly among human rights advocates, community activists, and the medical profession. This is because of the socially exclusionary effects of the dominant health governance agenda shaped by distinctively neoliberal premises. The article argues that in the final analysis the two different approaches reflect very different ideas and ideals about “who global health governance is for.”
Analysis of Youth-Oriented Websites
Authors: ZIZEK Boris , ANDERMANN Hendrik-Zoltán 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The following paper is an introduction to the image-analytical methods of objective hermeneutics based on an exemplary analysis of a youth-oriented website. In a methodological sketch, the constitutional and fundamental methodological assumptions, procedures and principles are first explained and substantiated. These will then be carried out using the example of an analysis of the mtv website “A Thin Line” in order to illustrate their practical implementation and to enable self-study.
Photovoice as a Tool for Critical Reflection in Communities of Practice for Teachers’ Professional Identity Development
Authors: TO Hing Kwan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Professional identity is very important in teaching practice. There is a consensus in the literature that critical reflection can help novice teachers to develop a professional identity. Written form reflective tools such as diaries, reflective papers, and logbooks are conventional instruments for critical reflection among novice teachers. However, written reflective tools have several shortcomings: a) they overly rely on verbal communication; b) there are no standardized guidelines for critical reflection using written-form reflective tools, and c) using written-form reflective tools is an intrapersonal activity. Photovoice has emerged as a new tool for critical reflection in the last few decades. Using photovoice, novice teachers critically reflect through photographs rather than writing. Empirical research has standardized the critical reflective procedure of photovoice. Communities of practice are a signature feature of photovoice. Establishing a community of practice is an effective way for novice teachers to develop a professional identity via interpersonal interaction within a group, sharing their photographs and reflections. Empirical research shows that photovoice enables novice teachers to develop a professional identity. This paper describes the disadvantages of written-form reflective tools and outlines an innovative method of encouraging novice teachers to perform critical reflection.
Resident-Level Predictors of Dementia Pharmacotherapy at Long-Term Care Admission: The Impact of Different Drug Reimbursement Policies in Ontario and Saskatchewan: Prédicteurs de la pharmacothérapie de la démence au niveau des résidents lors de l’hospitalisation dans des soins de longue durée : l’impact de différentes politiques de remboursement des médicaments en Ontario et en Saskatchewan
Authors: Maclagan Laura C. , Bronskill Susan E. , Campitelli Michael A. , Yao Shenzhen , Dharma Christoffer , Hogan David B. , Herrmann Nathan , Amuah Joseph E. , Maxwell Colleen J. 
Published: April 2020

Objectives: Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine are approved for Alzheimer disease in Canada. Regional drug reimbursement policies are associated with cross-provincial variation in ChEI use, but it is unclear how these policies influence predictors of use. Using standardized data from two provinces with differing policies, we compared resident-level characteristics associated with dementia pharmacotherapy at long-term care (LTC) admission. Methods: Using linked clinical and administrative databases, we examined characteristics associated with dementia pharmacotherapy use among residents with dementia and/or significant cognitive impairment admitted to LTC facilities in Saskatchewan (more restrictive reimbursement policies; n = 10,599) and Ontario (less restrictive; n = 93,331) between April 1, 2009, and March 31, 2015. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to assess resident demographic, functional, and clinical characteristics associated with dementia pharmacotherapy. Results: On admission, 8.1% of Saskatchewan residents were receiving dementia pharmacotherapy compared to 33.2% in Ontario. In both provinces, residents with severe cognitive impairment, aggressive behaviors, and recent antipsychotic use were more likely to receive dementia pharmacotherapy; while those who were unmarried, admitted in later years, had a greater degree of frailty, and recent hospitalizations were less likely. The direction of the association for older age, rural residency, medication number, and anticholinergic therapy differed between provinces. Conclusions: While more restrictive criteria for dementia pharmacotherapy coverage in Saskatchewan resulted in fewer residents entering LTC on dementia pharmacotherapy, there were relatively few differences in the factors associated with use across provinces. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess how differences in prevalence and characteristics associated with use impact patient outcomes.
Teaching Constitutional Law Using Real-life Examples: An Example from the Practice of Assent to Bills Passed by the National Assembly After the Tenure of Office of the President and the Assembly
Authors: Onyeaku Chukwuka , Jaja Tonye Clinton 
Published: April 2020

As a matter of tradition and necessity, teachers of constitutional law within Nigeria (and elsewhere) are often compelled to refer to case law to provide illustrations of principles of constitutional law as enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as amended). However, in some instances, where the said constitution does not provide explicit provisions, teachers of constitutional law are compelled to cite foreign case law as persuasive precedents. Still there are instances wherein there are neither foreign case law nor indigenous case law as precedents. In such situations, teachers of constitutional law are compelled to examine existing case law and relevant legislation until there is a pronouncement from either the Supreme Court or an alteration of the constitution by the National Assembly. One such situation is the subject of the analysis in this article: the situation whereby a president provides assent to bills after the expiration of the tenure of the National Assembly. As legislative tradition, the last session of each Chambers of the Nigeria’s National Assembly culminating each legislative term is usually a valedictory Session. Accordingly, Thursday, 6 June 2019 witnessed the last Session of the eighth National Assembly. As the president transmitted a Proclamation letter terminating the term of the eighth National Assembly inaugurated on 9 June 2015, it becomes paramount to examine the legal and constitutional implications of bills passed by the eighth National Assembly between 2016 and 2018 and up to 5 June 2019, which were assented to by the president after the tenure of the Assembly and office of the president. Thus, this article examines the constitutionality or otherwise of assenting to bills passed by the National Assembly and assented to by the president after the expiration of tenure of their offices. The article argues that the provisions of the 1999 Constitution had been violated when the president signed into law bills passed by the eighth National Assembly after the tenure of office of the president and the eighth National Assembly. It concludes that bills rejected by the president will require another legislative process of being passed into law again by the same Assembly or subsequent one before it can be assented to by the president. Failure to follow this constitutional process will render the assent unconstitutional.
Simplex Crumbs Homologue 1 Maculopathy Masquerading as Juvenile X-Linked Retinoschisis in Male Patients
Authors: Oh Daniel J. , Sheth Veeral , Fishman Gerald A. , Grassi Michael A. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: We demonstrate that Crumbs homologue 1 ( CRB1) maculopathy should be considered in the differential of petaloid pigmentary changes in the macula of young children with good vision who may be asymptomatic. Methods: We report on 2 unrelated male patients presenting at a young age with decreased vision from a macular dystrophy due to biallelic CRB1 mutations. Results: In addition to a previously described pathogenic variant, Ile167Gly169del, 2 new pathogenic missense variants in CRB1, Thr745Met and Cys948Tyr, are reported here. Conclusions: Although CRB1 mutations have been more commonly described in retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis, we demonstrate that mutations in CRB1 can cause a maculopathy in which initial features can resemble juvenile X-linked retinoschisis. We show that the accompanying macular edema is responsive to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. With long-term follow-up for each case, we illustrate the natural history of CRB1 maculopathy based on clinical examination and diagnostic imaging.
Simultaneous detection of density, moisture content and fiber direction of wood by THz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Kashima Moe , Tsuchikawa Satoru , Inagaki Tetsuya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the wood product-manufacturing process, the physical properties of wood must be monitored. The terahertz (THz) radiation has a high potential for sensing and imaging wood with a good spatial resolution. This study demonstrates the simultaneous prediction of the density, moisture content, and fiber direction of wood, which are important in determining the wood quality, using THz time-domain spectroscopy. We measured the spectra of 12 kinds of wood at various moisture contents while rotating the sample against the THz wave polarization. The fiber direction was predicted by observing the birefringence, which is the optical property of a material, in which the refractive index depends on the polarization direction. The density and the moisture content were predicted by multiple linear regression using the refractive indices and absorption coefficients obtained from the THz measurement. In a series of THz measurements, we successfully identified the wood fiber direction with anR2of 0.90 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 16.51° (total measured range = 0–170°), the density with anR2of 0.97 and an RMSE of 0.022 (total measured range = 0.25–0.67 g/cm3), and the moisture content with anR2of 0.78 and an RMSE of 4.06 (total measured range = 0.00–30.98%).
Profiling of koumiss microbiota and organic acids and their effects on koumiss taste
Authors: Tang Hai , Ma Huimin , Hou Qiangchuan , Li Weicheng , Xu Haiyan , Liu Wenjun , Sun Zhihong , Haobisi Halatu , Menghe Bilige 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Koumiss is a naturally fermented mare’s milk. Over recent decades, numerous studies have revealed the diversity of lactic acid bacteria in koumiss. However, there is limited information available regarding its secondary major component yeast profile.

Results
A total of 119 bacterial and 36 yeast species were identified among the 14 koumiss samples. The dominant bacterial species in koumiss were Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus raffinolactis, and Citrobacter freundii. The main yeast species were Dekkera anomala, Kazachstania unispora, Meyerozyma caribbica, Pichia sp.BZ159, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and uncultured Guehomyces. The bacterial and yeast Shannon diversity of the Xilinhaote-urban group were higher than those of the Xilingol-rural group. The most dominant organic acids were lactic, acetic, tartaric, and malic acids. Lactic acid bacteria species were mostly responsible for the accumulation of those organic acids, although Kazachstania unispora, Dekkera anomala, and Meyerozyma caribbica may also have contributed. Redundancy analysis suggested that both bacteria and yeast respond to koumiss flavor, such as Lactobacillus helveticus and Dekkera anomala are associated with sourness, astringency, bitterness, and aftertaste, whereas Lactococcus lactis and Kazachstania unispora are associated with umami.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that differences were observed in koumiss microbiota of Xilinhaote-urban and Xilingol-rural samples. The biodiversity of the former was higher than the latter group. Positive or negative correlations between bacteria and yeast species and taste also were found.
Assessment of the lung microbiota in dogs: influence of the type of breed, living conditions and canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Fastrès Aline , Roels Elodie , Vangrinsven Emilie , Taminiau Bernard , Jabri Hiba , Bolen Géraldine , Merveille Anne-Christine , Tutunaru Alexandru-Cosmin , Moyse Evelyne , Daube Georges , Clercx Cécile 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLiterature about the lung microbiota (LM) in dogs is sparse. Influence of breed and living conditions on the LM in healthy dogs is currently unknown, as well as the influence of chronic respiratory diseases such as canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) in West highland white terriers (WHWTs). Aims of this study were (1) to assess the characteristics of the healthy LM according to breed and living conditions, and (2) to study LM changes associated with CIPF in WHWTs. Forty-five healthy dogs divided into 5 groups: domestic terriers (n = 10), domestic shepherds (n = 11), domestic brachycephalic dogs (n = 9), domestic WHWTs (n = 6) (H-WHWTs) and experimental beagles (n = 9) and 11 diseased WHWTs affected with CIPF (D-WHWTs) were included in the study to achieve those objectives.ResultsIn healthy domestic dogs, except in H-WHWTs, the presence of few discriminant genera in each type of breed was the only LM modification. LM of experimental dogs displayed a change in b-diversity and an increased richness compared with domestic dogs. Moreover,Prevotella_7andDubosiellagenera were more abundant and 19 genera were discriminant in experimental dogs. LM of both H-WHWTs and D-WHWTs revealed increased abundance of 6 genera (Brochothrix,Curvibacter,Pseudarcicella, Flavobacteriaceae genus, RhodolunaandLimnohabitans) compared with other healthy domestic dogs. BrochothrixandPseudarcicellawere also discriminant in D-WHWTs compared with H-WHWTs and other healthy domestic dogs.ConclusionsIn domestic conditions, except for H-WHWT, the breed appears to have minor influence on the LM. LM modifications were found in experimental compared with domestic living conditions. LM modifications in H-WHWTs and D-WHWTs compared with other healthy domestic dogs were similar and seemed to be linked to the breed. Whether this breed difference might be related with the high susceptibility of WHWTs for CIPF requires further studies.
Changes in frailty among community-dwelling Chinese older adults and its predictors: evidence from a two-year longitudinal study
Authors: Ye Bo , Chen Hao , Huang Limei , Ruan Ye , Qi Shige , Guo Yanfei , Huang Zhezhou , Sun Shuangyuan , Chen Xiuqin , Shi Yan , Gao Junling , Jiang Yonggen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
It is important to clarify the transitions and related factors of frailty for prevention of frailty. We evaluated the transitions of frailty among community-dwelling older adults and examined the predictors of the transitions.

Methods
A cohort study was conducted among 3988 community residents aged ≥60 years during 2015 and 2017. A multiple deficits approach was used to construct the Frailty Index (FI) according to the methodology of FI construction, and sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyles were also collected in 2015. After 2-year follow-up, the transitions of frailty between baseline and were evaluated. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine associations between predictors and the transitions of frailty.

Results
The proportion of robust, prefrail, and frail was 79.5, 16.4, and 4.1% among 3988 participants at baseline, which changed to 68.2, 23.0, and 8.8% after 2 years with 127 deaths and 23 dropped out. Twelve kinds of transitions from the three frailty statuses at baseline to four outcomes at follow-up (including death) significantly differed within each of gender and age group, as well between genders and age groups. Among these, 7.8% of prefrail or frail elders improved, 70.0% retained their frailty status, and 22.2% of robust or prefrail elders worsened in frailty status. In multivariable models, age was significantly associated with changes in frailty except for in the frail group; higher educational level and working predicted a lower risk of robust worsening. Of the lifestyle predictors, no shower facilities at home predicted a higher risk of robust worsening; more frequent physical exercise predicted a lower risk of robust worsening and a higher chance of frailty improvement; more frequent neighbor interaction predicted a lower risk of robust worsening and prefrail worsening; and more frequent social participation predicted a higher chance of prefrail improvement.

Conclusions
The status of frailty was reversible among community-dwelling elderly, and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were related to changes in frailty. These findings help health practitioners to recognize susceptible individuals in a community and provide health promotional planning to target aged populations.