bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of reduced visual acuity among school-aged children and adolescents in 6 districts of Changsha city: a population-based survey
Authors: Liao Menglian , Cai Zehuai , Khan Muhammad Ahmad , Miao Wenjie , Lin Ding , Tang Qiongyan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: To calculate and evaluate the prevalence of reduced visual acuity(VA) in primary and secondary school students in 6 districts of Changsha, Hunan, China. Methods: A population-based retrospective study was conducted in 239 schools in 6 districts of Changsha. After routine eye examination to rule out diseases that can affect refraction, 250,980 eligible students from elementary, middle and high schools were enrolled in the survey. Then the uncorrected distant and near visual acuity of each eye were measured. Categories of key schools, districts, grades, eye exercises and sports time were also documented and analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of reduced VA was 51.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.6%-52.0%) in 6 districts of Changsha. Results of individual districts were as follows: Furong district 59.9%(95% CI: 57.9%-61.8%), Tianxin district 62.3%(95% CI: 60.5%-64.0%), Wangcheng district 47.8%(95% CI: 46.8%-48.8%), Kaifu district 58.5%(95% CI: 58.0%-58.9%), Yuhua district 47.0%(95% CI: 46.7%-47.4%) and Yuelu district 52.6%(95% CI: 52.3%-52.9%). The proportion of normal VA is seen to decrease from primary grade 3. The proportion of mildly reduced VA is higher in primary grade 1 and 2. The proportion of moderately reduced VA remains similar during 12 grades. The proportion of severely reduced VA increases with grades. Multivariate analysis shows that the prevalence of reduced VA is lower in the province level key schools (odds ratio [OR]=1.23, 95% CI 1.13-1.33) than in the municipal level key schools (OR=1.47, 95% CI 1.44-1.50). Conclusion: According to the existing data analysis results, the prevalence of reduced VA among primary and secondary school students in Changsha is very high. Some effective measures need to be taken to prevent it.
Predictive model for early diagnosis of keratoconus
Authors: CASTRO-LUNA GRACIA , PÉREZ-RUEDA ANTONIO 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background To describe the topographic, pachymetric and aberrometry characteristics in patients with keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus/forme fruste and normal corneas. Calculate a diagnostic model of subclinical keratoconus/forme fruste. Methods The design was a cross-sectional study. It included 205 eyes from 188 patients distributed in 82 normal corneas, 40 subclinical keratoconus/forme fruste and 83 established keratoconus The topographic, pachymetric and aberrometry variables obtained by rotary Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam® type) were analyzed. A descriptive and bivariate analysis of the recorded data was performed. A diagnostic model of subclinical keratoconus/forme fruste was calculated. Results Statistically significant differences were obtained when comparing normal corneas with subclinical keratoconus/forme fruste in variables of vertical asymmetry and corneal thickness.The regression model was calculated with the minimum corneal thickness and the anterior coma to 90º and posterior coma to 90º. Conclusions The diagnosis of subclinical keratoconus/forme fruste depends on the central corneal thickness, and two aberrometric topographic parameters the anterior coma to 90º and posterior coma to 90º.
Adults´ dental treatment in 2001-2013 in Finnish Public Dental Service
Authors: Linden Jari , Widström Eeva , Sinkkonen Janne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background All adults over 17 years of age have access to the Public Dental Service after the Finnish Dental Care Reform in 2001-2002. This study aimed to survey the treatment needs and treatment measures provided for adult patients and changes in these during the period 2001–2013.Methods Using each person’s unique identifier, demographic data on dental visits during the period 2001 - 2013 were collected from municipal databases in five PDS-units covering 320,000 inhabitants. The numbers of visitors, those in need of basic periodontal or caries treatment (CPI >2 and D + d > 0) were calculated for three age groups. Treatment provided was also calculated in 13 treatment categories. Trend analyses were performed to study changes during the study period.Results Restorative treatments (968,772; 23.6%), examinations (658,394; 16.1%), radiographs taken (529,875; 12.9%) anaesthesia used (521,169; 12.7%) and emergency treatments (348,229; 8.5%) made up 73.8% of all treatment measures during the entire study period. Periodontal treatment (7.8%) and caries prevention (3.9%) made up a small part of the care provided and prosthetics and treatment of TMJ disorders were extremely uncommon (fewer than 1%). Treatments related to caries (restorative treatment, examinations, endodontics, emergencies, anaesthesia and radiographs) made up 60.4% of the dental personnel’s treatment time. During the study period, statistically significant increasing trends were found for radiographs (p<0.001***), anaesthesia (p=0.003**) and total number of treatments (p=0.009**). There was a slight decreasing trend in treatment need among the youngest adults (18-39years; p=0.033*).Conclusion Compared with the results of national epidemiological studies, insufficient periodontal treatment is provided and prosthetic treatment is almost totally neglected in the PDS. Rather, adults’ dental treatment concentrates on treatment of caries. The unmet needs may be due to tradition, inadequate treatment processes or a lack of resources or failed salary incentives.
Chemosensory Dysfunction and Oral Disorders Affect Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Gobeljić Mirjana Šijan , Milić Vera , Pejnovic Nada , Damjanov Nemanja 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate chemosensory function and oral disorders in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and to compare these findings with those of age- and gender-matched healthy controls.Methods: Olfactory and gustatory function, dysgeusia, burning sensations in the tongue (BST), halitosis, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) using the short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) were evaluated in 58 patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and 55 age- and gender-matched healthy controls.Results: Patients with pSS had significantly lower self-reported visual analogue scale (VAS) smell score (8.6±2.2 vs. 9.6±0.7, p=0.016) and VAS taste score (9.5±0.7 vs. 8.5±2.1, p=0.014) than healthy controls. A greater proportion of patients with pSS had anosmia (3.8% vs. 0.0%) or hyposmia (36.5% vs. 13.2%) and ageusia for basic tastes: sweetness (34.0% vs. 7.5%), sourness (10.6 % vs. 0.0), saltiness (10.0% vs. 5.7%) or bitterness (19.1% vs. 1.9%). A higher proportion of pSS patients complained of dysgeusia (52.6% vs. 9.4%, p<0.0001) and BST (45.6% vs. 0.0%, p<0.0001) while similar number of pSS patients and controls reported halitosis (31.6% vs. 28.3%, p=0.434). The mean OHIP-14 score was significantly higher in patients with pSS (6.8±7.0 vs. 2.3±8.5, p<0.001) indicating patients’ poorer OHRQoL compared to controls. Conclusions: The majority of patients with pSS had impaired chemosensory function and indicators of oral health in comparison to the age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Further studies of oral hygiene habits and dietary intake of these patients are needed to ensure better management of oral health problems in patients with pSS.
Molecular analysis of lipid uptake- and necroptosis-associated factor expression in vitrified-warmed mouse oocytes
Authors: Um Da-Eun , Shin Hyejin , Park Dayoung , Ahn Jeong Min , Kim Jayeon , Song Haengseok , Lim Hyunjung Jade 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: We had previously demonstrated that vitrification reduces the levels of certain phospholipid classes, and that oocytes from aged mice show a similar lipidome alteration, even without vitrification. In the current investigation, we examined if vitrification-warming of mouse oocytes from young and aged mice causes any changes in molecular aspects of lipid-associated features. Methods: Metaphase II (MII) stage oocytes were harvested from young (10‒14-week-old) and aged (45‒54-week-old) mice by a superovulation regime with PMSG followed by hCG. We examined the status of the intracellular lipid pool and the integrity of the plasma membrane by staining oocytes with BODIPY 500/510 and CellMask live dyes. Expression of lipid uptake- and necroptosis-associated genes was assessed by quantitative PCR analyses, in oocytes from young and old mice, before and after vitrification. Localization patterns of two crucial necroptosis proteins, phosphorylated MLKL (pMLKL) and phosphorylated RIPK1 (pRIPK1) were examined in mouse oocytes by immunofluorescence staining. Necrostain-1 (Nec1), an inhibitor of RIPK1, was used to examine if RIPK1 activity is required to maintain oocyte quality during vitrification. Results: We confirmed that vitrified-warmed oocytes from aged mice showed noticeable decrease in both CellMask and BODIPY 500/510 dyes. Among the lipid uptake-associated genes, Cd36 expression was higher in oocytes from aged mice. Necroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that involves damage to the plasma membrane, eventually resulting in cell rupture. The expression of necroptosis-associated genes did not significantly differ among groups. We observed that localization patterns of pMLKL and pRIPK1 were unique in mouse oocytes, showing association with microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) and spindle poles. pMLKL was also localized on kinetochores of MII chromosomes. Oocytes treated with Nec1 during vitrification showed a decreased survival rate, indicating the importance of RIPK1 activity in oocyte vitrification.Conclusions: We report that oocytes from aged mice show differential expression of CD36, which suggests that CD36-mediated lipid uptake may be influenced by age. We also show for the first time that pMLKL and pRIPK1 exhibit unique localization pattern in mouse oocytes and this may suggest role(s) for these factors in non-necroptosis-associated cellular processes.
Outcomes following administration of tranexamic acid in combat-related intracranial hemorrhage: a cohort study
Authors: Walker Patrick F , Bozzay Joseph D. , Johnston Luke R. , Elster Eric A. , Rodriguez Carlos J. , Bradley Matthew J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid (TXA) may be a useful adjunct for military patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). These patients are often treated in austere settings without immediate access to neurosurgical intervention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate any association between TXA use and progression of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), neurologic outcomes, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in TBI.METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of combat casualties from October 2010 to December 2015 who were transferred to a military treatment facility (MTF) in the United States. Data collected included: demographics, types of injuries, initial and interval head computerized tomography (CT) scans, Glasgow Coma Scores (GCS), and six-month Glasgow Outcome Scores (GOS). Results were stratified based on TXA administration, progression of ICH, and VTE.RESULTS: Of the 687 active duty service members reviewed, 71 patients had ICH (10.3%). Most casualties were injured in a blast (80.3%), with 36 patients (50.7%) sustaining a penetrating TBI. Mean ISS was 28.2 ± 12.3. Nine patients (12.7%) received a massive transfusion within 24 hours of injury, and TXA was administered to 14 (19.7%) casualties. Patients that received TXA had lower initial reported GCS (9.2 ± 4.4 vs. 12.5 ± 3.4, p=0.003), similar discharge GCS (13.3 ±4.0 vs. 13.8±3.2, p=0.58), and a larger improvement between initial and discharge GCS (3.7±3.9 vs. 1.3±3.1, p=0.02). However, there was no difference in mortality (7.1% vs. 7.0%, p=1.00), progression of ICH (45.5% vs. 14.7%, p=0.09), frequency of cranial decompression (50.0% vs. 42.1%, p=0.76), or mean GOS (3.5±0.9 vs. 3.8±1.0, p=0.13). Patients administered TXA had a higher rate of VTE (35.7% vs. 7.0%, p=0.01). On multivariate analysis, however, TXA was not independently associated with VTE.CONCLUSIONS: Patients that received TXA were associated with an improvement in GCS but not in progression of ICH or GOS. TXA was not independently associated with VTE, although this may be related to a paucity of patients receiving TXA. Decisions about TXA administration in combat casualties with ICH should be considered in the context of the availability of neurosurgical intervention as well as severity of extracranial injuries and need for massive transfusion.
Potential mechanisms of quantitative resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans (blackleg) on cotyledons of canola (Brassica napus)
Authors: Hubbard Michelle , Zhai Chun , Peng Gary 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Blackleg disease, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans (Lm), can lead to significant losses of canola/rapeseed crops. Growing resistant canola cultivars can be an effective and environmentally friendly way to manage blackleg. Major resistance genes may stop infection, but can also be rapidly overcome by shifts in pathogen population towards virulence. Thus, using race-nonspecific or quantitative resistance (QR) is of interest because it is potentially more durable. However, the mechanisms and genes underlying QR are mostly unknown. In this study, we explored QR in “74‑44 BL”, a Canadian canola cultivar carrying a moderate level of race nonspecific resistance, based on cotyledon inoculation (Supple. Fig.1) . The susceptible cultivar “Westar” was used as a control. Lesions developed more slowly on 74-44BL than on Westar. We used RNA-Seq to identify genes and gene functions putatively involved in the QR. Results: Relative to inoculated Westar, some of the B. napus genes that were differentially expressed strongly in inoculated 74-44 BL included those putatively involved in programmed cell death (PCD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, signal transduction and/or intracellular endomembrane transport. Examples included genes annotated as a Bax inhibitor 1, a development/cell death (DCD) domain containing proteinases and peptidases, all of which could play a role in PCD and a zinc-finger Sec23/Sec24 and five small GTPases likely involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi vesicle traffic and/or signal transduction. Further experiments, however, did not confirm changes in genomic DNA degradation, a potential marker for PCD, between the two cultivars. In addition, infection progression in cotyledons was not altered by applying protease inhibitors directly to cotyledons. Additional testing was done using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Lm for cotyledon colonization as well as ROS production, in relation to the lesion development. The results showed that ROS production occurred beyond the area colonized by Lm hyphae in 74-44 BL.Conclusions: ROS may also be involved in signal transduction and/or intracellular endomembrane transport. These results provide a starting point for a better understanding of the mechanisms behind QR against Lm in canola and developing new host-resistance strategies for management of blackleg.
No Negative Influence On Complications of femoral neck fracture Children Age Between 14 And 17 Years Treatment with Cannulated Screws Transphyseal fixation
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhao Xiao-Dan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Hip fractures represent less than 1% of pediatric fractures. The physeal of femoral head closure at 14 to 17 years of age, and it provides capacity for spontaneous fracture remodeling. The primary purpose of the current retrospective study was to determine the influence of transphyseal fixation of cancellous screws on the outcomes in this age group. Methods: From April 2007 to August 2016, all patients age between 14 to 17 years with Delbet type II and Type III hip fracture treatment with cancellous screws fixation were included. According to whether the cancellous screws thread across the proximal femur epiphysis, we divided the patients into the no cross epiphysis (NCE) group and cross epiphysis (CE) group. The outcome was analysis regarding osteonecrosis of femoral head, nonunion, delay union, premature physeal closure (PPC), coxa vara and overgrowth of femoral neck. Results: Of the 28 patients were included in the study, most patients were male (92.9%).19 were classified as Delbet type II, 9 were type III. The CE and the NCE group both included 14 patients. The average follow-up time is 37.8 months (range 26-68 months). The rate of superficial infection, deep infection, AVN, non-union, delay union, coxa vara, PCE, overgrowth was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the transphyseal fixation of cannulated screws has no negative influence on the outcomes, especially on femoral head osteonecrosis. Achievement of accurate reduction and rigid fixation for this unique injury is more important than preservation of the proximal femoral epiphysis.
Schizophyllum commune induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Chadha Pooja , Kaur Sanehdeep , Kaur Amarjeet , Kaur Rajvir 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: In a search for the mechanism of action of an endophytic fungus Schizophyllum commune against Spodoptera litura, the effect of its ethyl acetate extract was judged on antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes as well as on morphology of haemocytes. Results: Ethyl acetate extract of S.commune was administrated to the larvae of S.litura using artificial diet method having concentration 276.54µg/ml (LC50 of fungus). The effect on antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione-S-Transferase) was observed using haemolymph and midgut of insect larvae for different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96). In additionally, haemocytes morphology was also studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after 96hr. In particular, to resist the toxicity, the activities of the antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione-S-Transferase) significantly (p≤0.05) increased in both the tissues of treated larvae as compared to control. The exposed group revealed various deformities in haemocytes of S.litura like breakage in the cell membrane, cytoplasmic leakage and appearance of strumae etc. Conclusion: This study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing potential and immunosuppressant nature of S.commune against S.litura and elucidates the patterns of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes activities and changes in haemocytes in the susceptible larvae.
Measuring quality of life and identifying what is important to Jordanian living with Multiple Sclerosis using the Arabic version of the Patient Generated Index (PGI)
Authors: Aburub Ala' S. , Khalil Hanan , Al-Sharman Alham , El-Salem Khalid 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Patients Generated index (PGI) is one of the individualized measures used to measure the quality of life (QOL) in people with different chronic conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the PGI have not been fully established in Jordanian living with MS. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify what matters to Jordanian living with MS and to contribute evidence toward the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the PGI. Method A total of 75 participants with MS completed three QOL measures; PGI, the Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS), and EQ-5D. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to compare the total score of three QOL measures. Bland-Altman plot and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to study the relationships and differences between the PGI and the other study measures (PDDS and EQ-5D). Results Only 66 (88%) of the participants were able to complete the PGI. Overall, 36 areas of QOL concern were nominated by the participants using the PGI with the top 3 areas were an emotional function (47%), involuntary movement reaction functions (45.5%) and walking (44%). The average global score of the PGI was lower (34±22) than the global score of the EQ-5D (69±23) and the PDDS (68±24).PGI had a moderate correlation with EQ-5D and PPDS. Conclusion The Arabic version of the PGI is a feasible and acceptable measure among Jordanian with MS and it captures a wide spectrum of important areas that contribute to QOL than EQ-5D and PDDS. PGI could improve the decision making and guide health-care professionals to provide appropriate intervention programs to reduce the burdens from MS disease and improve QOL.
Association between pH and neurological outcome among cardiac arrest patients treated by extracorporeal CPR: a prospective observational cohort study in Japan
Authors: OKADA YOHEI , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Irisawa Taro , Yoshiya Kazuhisa , Yamada Tomoki , Hayakawa Koichi , Noguchi Kazuo , Nishimura Tetsuro , Ishibe Takuya , Yagi Yoshiki , Kishimoto Masafumi , Shintani Hiroshi , Hayashi Yasuyuki , Sogabe Taku , Morooka Takaya , Sakamoto Haruko , Suzuki Keitaro , Nakamura Fumiko , Nishioka Norihiro , Matsuyama Tasuku , Sado Junya , Matsui Satoshi , Shimazu Takeshi , Koike Kaoru , Kawamura Takashi , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Iwami Taku 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background We aimed to identify the association of pH value in blood gas assessment with neurological outcome among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients treated by extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). Methods We retrospectively analysed the database of a multicentre prospective observational study to collect pre-hospital and in-hospital data among OHCA patients in Osaka prefecture, Japan (CRITICAL study), from 1 July 2012 to 31 December 2016. We included the adult OHCA patients treated by ECPR with blood gas assessment before starting ECPR. Patients with OHCA of external causes, such as trauma, were excluded. The patients were divided into three approximately equal groups based on the pH values. We conducted logistic regression analysis to identify the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the groups for the 1-month neurological favourable outcome adjusted by the potential confounders of sex, age, witnessed by bystander, CPR by bystander, pre-hospital initial cardiac rhythm, and cardiac rhythm on hospital arrival. Results Among the 9,822 patients in the database, 260 patients were finally included in the analysis. The three groups were Tertile 1: pH ≥7.030, Tertile 2: pH 6.875-7.029, and Tertile 3: pH<6.875. The adjusted OR of Tertiles 2 and 3 compared with Tertile 1 for 1-month favourable neurological outcome were 0.26 (95% CI: 0.10-0.63) and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.09-0.61), respectively. Conclusion This multi-institutional observational study showed that low pH value (<7.03) before the implementation of ECPR was associated with 1-month unfavourable neurological outcome among OHCA patients treated with ECPR. It may be helpful to consider the candidate for ECPR.