bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptual engineering for truth: aletheic properties and new aletheic concepts
Authors: Scharp Kevin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhat is the property of being true like? To answer this question, begin with a Canberra-plan analysis of the concept of truth. That is, assemble the platitudes for the concept of truth, and then investigate which property might satisfy them. This project is aided by Friedman and Sheard’s groundbreaking analysis of twelve logical platitudes for truth. It turns out that, because of the paradoxes like the liar, the platitudes for the concept of truth are inconsistent. Moreover, there are so many distinct paradoxes that only small subsets of platitudes for truth are consistent. The result is that there is no property of being true. The failure of the Canberra plan analysis of the concept of truth, points the way toward a new methodology: a conceptual engineering project for the concept of truth. Conceptual engineering is assessing the quality of our concepts, and when they are found defective, offering new and better concepts to replace them for certain purposes. Still, there are many aletheic properties, which are properties satisfied by reasonably large subsets of platitudes for the concept of truth. We can treat these aletheic properties as a guide to the multitude of new aletheic concepts, which are concepts similar to, but distinct from, the concept of truth. Any new aletheic concept or team of concepts might be called on to replace the concept of truth. In particular, the concepts of ascending truth and descending truth are recommended, but the most important point is that we need a full-scale investigation into the space of aletheic properties and new aletheic concepts—that is, we need an Aletheic Principles Project (APP).
Accumulation of valuable secondary metabolites: phenolic acids and flavonoids in different in vitro systems of shoot cultures of the endangered plant species—Eryngium alpinum L.
Authors: Kikowska Małgorzata , Thiem Barbara , Szopa Agnieszka , Ekiert Halina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn vitro cultures give the opportunity to perform the phytochemical studies on the protected species without harvesting the plant material from the natural environment. Shoots of Eryngium alpinum L. were multiplied on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in various systems, namely on the solid media and in two liquid cultures—stationary and agitated, as well as via regeneration from callus. The biomass increments were closely correlated with the number of shoots arising from one explant, which was connected with the supplementation of the culture media with the studied plant growth regulators. The methanolic extracts from shoots grown in the tested systems were subjected to phenolic acids and flavonoids qualitative and quantitative analysis. Biomass from in vitro shoot cultures accumulated from 19.59 to 32.95 times more phenolic acids [the total content ranged from 272.52 to 458.38 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)] and from 3.02 to 4.43 times more flavonoids (the total content ranged from 100.03 to 146.98 mg/100 g DW), depending on the culture system, than the extracts from basal leaves from the intact plant (13.91 and 33.16 mg/100 g DW, respectively). The phenolics present in shoot cultures include seven phenolic acids—3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic, caftaric, caffeic, neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, isochlorogenic, and rosmarinic acids, and three flavonoids—isoquercetin, quercitrin and robinin. The best system for shoot proliferation resulting in the highest biomass growth and phenolic acids and flavonoids accumulation was solid culture on MS medium with BAP, IAA, and GA3 (each 1.0 mg/l). The aim of this work was to check the effect of various culture systems (stationary and agitated, on solidified and in liquid media) on the production of phenolic compounds in E. alpinum shoots cultured in vitro.
Die unmöglichen Subjekte des Postfundamentalismus
Authors: Sörensen Paul 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag attestiert den gegenwärtig viel diskutierten Theorien radikaler Demokratie eine erziehungstheoretische Leerstelle. Wie in Auseinandersetzung mit Chantal Mouffe und Jacques Rancière gezeigt werden soll, gründet diese Nichtthematisierung in erster Linie in der theoriearchitektonischen Zentralstellung einer als absolut postulierten Kontingenzannahme. Infolgedessen sind radikaldemokratische Theorien entweder gezwungen, Fragen der Erziehung unbeachtet bzw. dem Zufall zu (über)lassen, oder aber eine radikaldemokratische Bildung zu propagieren, die ihrem Anspruch auf Abbildung von Grundlosigkeit nicht gerecht werden kann. Ausgehend von dieser dilemmatischen Konstellation werden abschließend einige Gedanken skizziert, wie dennoch eine zumindest radikaldemokratisch inspirierte Antwort auf diese Problemstellung aussehen könnte.
Effects of dietary and physical activity interventions on generic and cancer-specific health-related quality of life, anxiety, and depression in colorectal cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ho Mandy , Ho Judy W. C. , Fong Daniel Y. T. , Lee C. F. , Macfarlane Duncan J. , Cerin Ester , Lee Antoinette M. , Leung Sharron , Chan Wynnie Y. Y. , Leung Ivy P. F. , Lam Sharon H. S. , Chu Natural , Taylor Aliki J. , Cheng Kar-Keung 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the effects of dietary and physical activity (PA) interventions on generic and cancer-specific quality of life (QoL), anxiety, and depression levels among adult Chinese colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors.

Methods
Two-hundred twenty-three adult CRC survivors within 1 year of completion of primary cancer treatment were randomized to receive dietary, PA or combined intervention, or usual care for a 12 monthduration, under a 2 (diet vs usual care) × 2 (PA vs usual care) factorial design. Generic and cancer-specific QoL was assessed using a Chinese version 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal (FACT-C) scale, respectively. Anxiety and depression was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Linear mixed models were used for examining the intervention effects.

Results
Participants receiving dietary intervention experienced a significant improvement in the generic measure of QoL (SF-6D utility scores, mean difference 0.042, 95%CI 0.03 to 0.081) at 12 months, the cancer-specific QoL scores (mean difference 3.09, 95%CI 0.13 to 6.04), and levels of depression (P = 0.015) at both 12 and 24 months follow-up. Participants receiving PA intervention only demonstrated a significant improvement in SF-6D utility index (mean difference 0.039, 95%CI 0.002 to 0.077) and physical functioning (mean difference 2.85, 95%CI 1.00 to 4.70) at 6 months.

Conclusions
Dietary intervention improved the generic and cancer-specific QoL and depression in CRC survivors.

Trial registration
The study was prospectively registered on 17 October 2012 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01708824).

Implications for Cancer Survivors
CRC survivors can benefit from dietary interventions in alleviating depression and improving overall health-related QoL.
Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO)—New Research Directions for Personalised Medicine in Cardiovascular Prevention
Authors: Nilsson Peter M. , Korduner Johan , Magnusson Martin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To discuss new findings on the heterogeneity of obesity and associated risks.

Recent Findings
Obesity is a public health problem of immense importance on a global scale. However, epidemiological findings and clinical studies have revealed that obesity is a heterogeneous phenotype and that not all obese subjects run the same risk for complications. Current research has tried to describe so-called metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), defined by lack of risk factors included in the metabolic syndrome. These subjects will not escape long-term complications, but mortality risk is not increased. However, a new definition of MHO has recently been proposed, based on the lack of hospitalisation for somatic disease for decades in middle life. MHO subjects defined in this way are characterised by being “fat and fit” and also run a lower risk of long-term complications.

Summary
If MHO could be better understood, this could contribute to a more diverse clinical approach to obesity based on personalised medicine.
Effects of Playful Exercise of Older Adults on Balance and Physical Activity: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ehrari Humira , Larsen Rasmus Tolstrup , Langberg Henning , Andersen Henning Boje 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is evidence that one of the most important approaches to improving the healthy ageing of older adults is for them to carry out daily physical activity. However, motivation to engage in physical activity is often low in old age. This study investigated the potential of engaging older adults in playful exercise to increase physical activity and balance. A randomised control trial (RCT) was performed with 26 independently living older adults (initially 38, but 12 were lost to illness or death during the course of the project), mean age 83.54 (SD: 7.12), 19 women. Participants were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 16) or control (n = 12) (originally 19 in each group). The intervention consisted of playful exercise on Moto tiles 6 * 2 min twice a week over 10 weeks, while control group participants engaged in normal daily activities.The intervention group participants improved functional balance (Berg’s Balance Score) by an average of 5.02 points, and the control group by 2.58 points (p = 0.11). No between-group difference was observed in physical activities outside exercise sessions (p = 0.82). The difference in gain of balance as measured by BBS was below statistical significance, as a result of the sample size being too small. However, trial results suggest that older pre-frail and frail adults who engage in a moderate playful exercise programme over at least 10 weeks may potentially experience a modest gain in balance. Moreover, the playful exercise created a joyous social atmosphere among the participants who spontaneously remarked that the play sessions were much more fun than their standard light exercise programme of one hour twice a week. This motivational outcome is important for adherence to any exercise programme and indeed for general well-being.
High diversity and pan-oceanic distribution of deep-sea polychaetes: Prionospio and Aurospio (Annelida: Spionidae) in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
Authors: Guggolz Theresa , Meißner Karin , Schwentner Martin , Dahlgren Thomas G. , Wiklund Helena , Bonifácio Paulo , Brandt Angelika 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrionospioMalmgren 1867 andAurospioMaciolek 1981 (Annelida: Spionidae) are polychaete genera commonly found in the deep sea. Both genera belong to thePrionospiocomplex, whose members are known to have limited distinguishing characters. Morphological identification of specimens from the deep sea is challenging, as fragmentation and other damages are common during sampling. These issues impede investigations into the distribution patterns of these genera in the deep sea. In this study, we employ two molecular markers (16S rRNA and 18S) to study the diversity and the distribution patterns ofPrionospioandAurospiofrom the tropical North Atlantic, the Puerto Rico Trench and the central Pacific. Based on different molecular analyses (Automated Barcode Gap Discovery, GMYC, pairwise genetic distances, phylogenetics, haplotype networks), we were able to identify and differentiate 21 lineages (three lineages composed solely of GenBank entries) that represent putative species. Seven of these lineages exhibited pan-oceanic distributions (occurring in the Atlantic as well as the Pacific) in some cases even sharing identical 16S rRNA haplotypes in both oceans. Even the lineages found to be restricted to one of the oceans were distributed over large regional scales as for example across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from the Caribbean to the eastern Atlantic (> 3389 km). Our results suggest that members ofPrionospioandAurospiomay have the potential to disperse across large geographic distances, largely unaffected by topographic barriers and possibly even between oceans. Their high dispersal capacities are probably explained by their free-swimming long-lived planktonic larvae.
A first approach to learning a best basis for gravitational field modelling
Authors: Michel Volker , Schneider Naomi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGravitational field modelling is an important tool for inferring past and present dynamic processes of the Earth. Functions on the sphere such as the gravitational potential are usually expanded in terms of either spherical harmonics or radial basis functions (RBFs). The (Regularized) Functional Matching Pursuit and its variants use an overcomplete dictionary of diverse trial functions to build a best basis as a sparse subset of the dictionary. They also compute a model, for instance, of the gravitational field, in this best basis. Thus, one advantage is that the best basis can be built as a combination of spherical harmonics and RBFs. Moreover, these methods represent a possibility to obtain an approximative and stable solution of an ill-posed inverse problem. The applicability has been practically proven for the downward continuation of gravitational data from the satellite orbit to the Earth’s surface, but also other inverse problems in geomathematics and medical imaging. A remaining drawback is that, in practice, the dictionary has to be finite and, so far, could only be chosen by rule of thumb or trial-and-error. In this paper, we develop a strategy for automatically choosing a dictionary by a novel learning approach. We utilize a non-linear constrained optimization problem to determine best-fitting RBFs (Abel–Poisson kernels). For this, we use the Ipopt software package with an HSL subroutine. Details of the algorithm are explained and first numerical results are shown.
Rumination, mood, and maladaptive eating behaviors in overweight and healthy populations
Authors: Kornacka Monika , Czepczor-Bernat Kamila , Napieralski Piotr , Brytek-Matera Anna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The literature suggests that rumination (i.e., repetitive thinking about 1 or more negative concerns that is perceived as difficult to control) is linked to impaired emotional regulation and increases negative affect. Not only individuals suffering from overweight or obesity, but also healthy individuals might use emotional eating as a coping strategy to deal with negative affect caused by rumination. The aim of the present study was to determine the link between rumination and maladaptive eating strategies in participants with normal weight and overweight/obesity using trait and ecological momentary measures.

Method
In Study 1, 88 individuals from overweight/obese (N = 33) and control group (N = 50) filled in a series of questionnaires assessing trait rumination, and eating behaviors. In Study 2 momentary affect, rumination and eating behavior of 26 participants were assessed using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methodology.

Results
In Study 1, the moderated mediation model revealed that emotional eating mediates the link between rumination and uncontrolled eating or snacking, but only in healthy participants and not in the participants with overweight. The results of Study 2 suggest that when both momentary rumination and sad mood are entered into the model predicting momentary daily emotional eating, only rumination remains a significant predictor of emotional eating. This relationship is not modified by the fact that the participants are from healthy controls or the overweight/obese group.

Discussion
Study 1 provided evidence on the differential role of emotional eating in participants with normal weight and with overweight. Study 2 provided initial insights into the role of momentary mood and momentary repetitive thinking in the use of emotional eating in participants’ everyday lives. The differences in group effect in trait and EMA measures indicated also the importance of considering the consciousness of using rumination and emotional eating, while studying those processes in individuals with overweight.

Level of evidence
Level III, case-control analytic study.
Microwave Absorption of Crystalline Fe/MnO@C Nanocapsules Embedded in Amorphous Carbon
Authors: He Gaihua , Duan Yuping , Pang Huifang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCrystalline Fe/MnO@C core–shell nanocapsules inlaid in porous amorphous carbon matrix (FMCA) was synthesized successfully with a novel confinement strategy. The heterogeneous Fe/MnO nanocrystals are with approximate single-domain size which gives rise to natural resonance in 2–18 GHz. The addition of MnO2 confines degree of graphitization catalyzed by iron and contributes to the formation of amorphous carbon. The heterogeneous materials composed of crystalline–amorphous structures disperse evenly and its density is significantly reduced on account of porous properties. Meanwhile, adjustable dielectric loss is achieved by interrupting Fe core aggregation and stacking graphene conductive network. The dielectric loss synergistically with magnetic loss endows the FMCA enhanced absorption. The optimal reflection loss (RL) is up to − 45 dB, and the effective bandwidth (RL < − 10 dB) is 5.0 GHz with 2.0 mm thickness. The proposed confinement strategy not only lays the foundation for designing high-performance microwave absorber, but also offers a general duty synthesis method for heterogeneous crystalline–amorphous composites with tunable composition in other fields.
A review on the recycling of waste carbon fibre/glass fibre-reinforced composites: fibre recovery, properties and life-cycle analysis
Authors: Karuppannan Gopalraj Sankar , Kärki Timo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe growing use of carbon and glass fibres has increased awareness about their waste disposal methods. Tonnes of composite waste containing valuable carbon fibres and glass fibres have been cumulating every year from various applications. These composite wastes must be cost-effectively recycled without causing negative environmental impact. This review article presents an overview of the existing methods to recycle the cumulating composite wastes containing carbon fibre and glass fibre, with emphasis on fibre recovery and understanding their retained properties. Carbon and glass fibres are assessed via focused topics, each related to a specific treatment method: mechanical recycling; thermal recycling, including fluidised bed and pyrolysis; chemical recycling and solvolysis using critical conditions. Additionally, a brief analysis of their environmental and economic aspects are discussed, prioritising the methods based on sustainable values. Finally, research gaps are identified to highlight the factors of circular economy and its significant role in closing the life-cycle loop of these valuable fibres into re-manufactured composites.
Evidence based perioperative optimization of patients with obstructive sleep apnea in resource limited areas: A systematic review
Authors: Melesse Debas Yaregal , Mekonnen Zemenay Ayinie , Kassahun Habtamu Getinet , Chekol Wubie Birlie 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Obstructive sleep apnea is a syndrome characterized by periodic, partial, or complete obstruction in the upper airway during sleep. This, in turn, causes repetitive arousal from sleep to restore airway patency, which may result in daytime hyper somnolence or other daytime manifestations of disrupted sleep such as aggressive or distractible behavior in children. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a complex disorder with series physiological consequences. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome have an increased tendency for upper airway obstruction during sleep, which leads to repetitive apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness and increased cardiovascular morbidity.

Methods:
This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Search engines like PubMed through HINARI, Cochrane database, Google Scholar to get access for current and updated evidences on perioperative anesthetic management for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Discussion:
Patients with a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea should be considered to be at increased risk for perioperative complications. Patients who had obstructive sleep apnea and at risk for obstructive sleep apnea should be identified before Surgery. The most effective and widely used treatment for obstructive sleep apnea is continuous positive airway pressure, it treats apnea –hypopnea by providing air under positive pressure through a nasal or facial mask thus creating a pneumatic splint in the pharynx, which prevents collapse of the pharyngeal airway.

Conclusion:
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who underwent procedures under anesthesia were at increased risk for perioperative complications compared with patients without the disease. The equipment for management of a difficult airway should be in place before induction of general anesthesia. Orotracheal tubes in various sizes, gum elastic bougie as well as a McCoy laryngoscope and a laryngeal mask airway were necessary.

Highlights:
Frames, reasoning, and the emergence of conventions
Authors: Campigotto Nicola 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the perceptual and reasoning processes that underpin regularities in behaviour. A distinction is made between situations as they are, or as described by an omniscient external observer, and situations as agents see or frame them. Different frames can stem from differences in culture, experience and personality, as well as from other context-specific factors. Drawing upon David Lewis’sConvention(1969), I show that consistency between reasoning and experience does not preclude individuals from understanding the same state of affairs differently, and that agents’ beliefs about others’ beliefs may well be wrong. As a result, cases may occur in which conventions are sustained by false but mutually consistent and self-confirming beliefs.
From Academic Discourse to Political Decisions? The Case of the Xinjiang Ethnic Unity Education Textbook Reform
Authors: Zhao Taotao , Tok Sow Keat 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBetween 2009 and 2014, against the background of the Xinjiang ethnic unity education textbook reform (2009–2010), vigorous academic debate on China's ethnic policy reform took place. Two academic cliques – one championing reform and the other representing the status quo – gradually came to the fore in this debate and competed to influence policy. This research seeks to unpack the mechanisms in China's knowledge regime that allow one agent (such as a think tank or academic) to prevail over others. Agents have an impact on policymaking mainly through connections with the decision-making body. This research uses three variables (ideological connection, level and nature of the connection) to analyse the relative policy influence of different agents in the debate. This research is among the first to provide an in-depth analysis of the debate's policy impact at the local level. The reform clique prevailed in this case because of its ability to bond with and influence higher-level decision-making bodies. Beginning in 2014, the Chinese Communist Party officially adopted the reform clique's language because of its alignment with the Party's growing need to maintain security in ethnic minority areas. Furthermore, key reform clique players continue to have an impact on the national policy shift.