bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From early care and education to adult problem behaviors: A prevention pathway through after-school organized activities
Authors: Vandell Deborah L. , Simpkins Sandra D. , Liu Yangyang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMotivated by Edward Zigler's proposition that programs serving children (birth through 12 years) can have long-term effects on well-being and development, we used data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,258) to test two pathways by which early care and education (ECE) are linked to after-school organized activities in middle childhood and to problem behaviors in late adolescence and adulthood. In support of an activities pathway, we found children with more ECE hours and more epochs in center-based ECE settings from 1 to 54 months had more epochs in after-school organized activities from kindergarten to 5th grade, which then predicted less impulsivity and less police contact at age 26. In support of a child pathway, we found that more ECE hours and more epochs in center-based ECE settings were linked to externalizing problems in early childhood, which then predicted higher problem behaviors in middle childhood, late adolescence, and adulthood. Together, these pathways underscored the potential of direct and indirect links of ECE and after-school organized activities in relation to later development.
Guerrilla fan translation, language learning, and metalinguistic discussion in a Catalan-speaking community of gamers
Authors: Vazquez-Calvo Boris 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDriven by their affinity to popular culture, fans frequently engage in linguistic practices that may be conducive to language learning. This study seeks to find out how a group of Catalan-speaking gamers decided to start producing fan translations of video games from English into Catalan. Based on a digital ethnography (online interviews and observation of the group’s activity), two types of analysis were conducted: a content analysis for recurrent trends and a focused analysis of internal metalinguistic discussions on the quality of translations. Results indicate that fan translators (1) organize hierarchically with set roles and functions, (2) curate their group identity and care for the promotion of Catalan as a vehicle for cultural production, (3) learn language incidentally in three ways:while translating(ensuring the comprehension of English and the linguistic quality and creativity of the transfer into Catalan),through sharing language doubtswith their peers on their Telegram group and dialogically agreeing on pragmatically acceptable English-Catalan translations, andthrough metalinguistic discussionson translation tests received from potential new members. The study resonates with a novel subfield in computer-assisted language learning: language learning in the digital wilds, which might be fertile ground for studies on incidental and informal language learning online. The study may also serve as inspiration for effective integration of translation into language classrooms in a manner that bridges vernacular fan translation and pedagogic translation, considering the importance of metalinguistic discussion for language learning and the sociocultural dimension of both translation and language learning.
Making Kr+1-free graphs r-partite
Authors: Balogh József , Clemen Felix Christian , Lavrov Mikhail , Lidický Bernard , Pfender Florian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Erdős–Simonovits stability theorem states that for all ε > 0 there exists α > 0 such that if G is a Kr+1-free graph on n vertices with e(G) > ex(n, Kr+1)– α n2, then one can remove εn2 edges from G to obtain an r-partite graph. Füredi gave a short proof that one can choose α = ε. We give a bound for the relationship of α and ε which is asymptotically sharp as ε → 0.
Morphological processing in heritage speakers: A masked priming study on the Turkish aorist
Authors: Uygun Serkan , Clahsen Harald 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious research has shown that heritage speakers struggle with inflectional morphology. ‘Limitations of online resources’ for processing a non-dominant language has been claimed as one possible reason for these difficulties. To date, however, there is very little experimental evidence on real-time language processing in heritage speakers. Here we report results from a masked priming experiment with 97 bilingual (Turkish/German) heritage speakers and a control group of 40 non-heritage speakers of Turkish examining regular and irregular forms of the Turkish aorist. We found that, for the regular aorist, heritage speakers use the same morphological decomposition mechanism (‘affix stripping’) as control speakers, whereas for processing irregularly inflected forms they exhibited more variability (i.e., less homogeneous performance) than the control group. Heritage speakers also demonstrated semantic priming effects. At a more general level, these results indicate that heritage speakers draw on multiple sources of information for recognizing morphologically complex words.
Surface mould brachytherapy planning in giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath of finger and dosimetric comparison with external beam radiotherapy: a case report
Authors: Gupta Anil , Pandey Rambha , Krishna Anant , Kumar Rishabh , Sharma Seema , Sarawagi Rashmi , Garg Kanika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath (GCTTS) is the second most common tumour of the hand. Despite surgery, local recurrence after excision has been reported in up to 45% of cases. Post-operative radiotherapy (PORT) has been found to be promising in preventing these recurrences in high-risk group. One of the reservations of PORT is secondary effects of radiation which may cause a decreased range of motion of the affected joint, sensory changes and nail changes. Surface mould brachytherapy can provide a high dose to target volume with a rapid fall of dose to surrounding structures. Despite this, it is less used, the possible reason can be less technical proficiency.Methods:We have technically illustrated surface mould brachytherapy in a case of GCTTS of the left index finger, and compared dosimetrically with more widely used conventional photon and electron external beam radiotherapy.Conclusion:The 6-MV photon treatment plan with a bolus plan provided the least dose to skin (106%) and phalanges (103%). It has a Homogeneity index (1·06) closest to 1, whereas the Conformity index of all plans was similar. The dose coverage was adequate in all plans. The second-best plan dosimetrically was the surface mould brachytherapy.
Validation of the Short Dark Triad in a German Sample
Authors: Wehner Caroline , Maaß Ulrike , Leckelt Marius , Back Mitja D. , Ziegler Matthias 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The structure, correlates, and assessment of the Dark Triad are widely discussed in several fields of psychology. Based on the German version of the Short Dark Triad (SDT), we add to this by (a) providing a competitive test of existing structural models, (b) testing the nomological network, and (c) proposing an ultrashort 9-item version of the SDT (uSDT). A sample of N = 969 participants provided data on the SDT and a range of further measures. Our competitive test of five structural models revealed that fit indices and nomological network assumptions were best met in a three-factor model, with separate factors for psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism. The results provided an extensive overview of the raw, unique, and shared associations of Dark Triad dimensions with narcissism facets, sadism, impulsivity, self-esteem, sensation seeking, the Big Five, maladaptive personality traits, sociosexual orientation, and behavioral criteria. Finally, the uSDT exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties. The highest overlap in expected relations between SDT and uSDT, and convergent and discriminant measures was also found for the three-factor model. Our study underlines the utility of a three-factor model of the Dark Triad, extends findings on its nomological network, and provides an ultrashort instrument.
How International Economic Sanctions Harm the Environment
Authors: Madani Kaveh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs soft political tools, economic sanctions aim at isolating a sanctioned state and hurt its economy to force it to change course, policies, and actions. In response to sanctions and to evade their grip, a sanctioned state adopts a range of survivalist, aggressive, and unsustainable policies that reduce the economic pressure of sanctions at the expense of accelerated environmental degradation. While economic sanctions cannot be blamed as the cause of environmental problems in sanctioned states, their role in catalyzing environmental degradation is noteworthy. This paper takes the first step in setting the theoretical ground for exploring the environmental implications of sanctions by developing a generic causal model that explains how economic sanctions can impact the environment. It is shown that sanctions lower the priority of the environmental sector in the public policy agenda in a sanctioned state and increase the natural resource‐intensity of its economy. It is argued that although the environmental damages of sanctions are mainly unintended by the sanctioning and sanctioned states, such damages are unavoidable in practice. The study calls for attention to the transgenerational and transboundary environmental impacts of economic sanctions and their justice and human rights implications for which the sanctioning and sanctioned states must be held accountable.
Soil Water Content and Soil Respiration Rates Are Reduced for Years Following Wildfire in a Hot and Dry Climate
Authors: Cooperdock Sol C. , Hawkes Christine V. , Xu Derry R. , Breecker Daniel O. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIncreasing fire severity and frequency may stress ecosystems also impacted by climate change. We studied the physical limitations to regeneration after fire in an ecosystem that already experiences high summer temperatures and drought and is therefore a possible analog of the future. We compared soil respiration as an indicator of microbial activity in burned and unburned forest soils in central Texas, where two recent wildfires have occurred (2011 and 2015). We also measured soil temperature, water content, soil water δ18O and δD values, total C, N, pH, and δ13C values of total organic matter. Burned soils had lower total C and N than unburned soils; however, lab‐based respiration measurements, which controlled for temperature and water content, suggest that microbial activity in burned and unburned soils are similar. Conversely, field measurements show that during hot and dry months respiration rates in burned soils were much lower than they were in unburned soils due to differences in soil temperature and water content. Soil temperature at 5 cm reached 60°C in burned soils due to the removal of canopy cover, the removal of organic matter insulation, and the deposition of black ash on the soil surface. Higher temperatures increased evaporation as indicated by significantly lower deuterium excess of water in soils burned in 2015 than unburned soils. If the disturbance of vegetation by fire is substantial enough, the resulting perturbations to soils persist for years, most importantly increased heat absorption which results in lower water contents and ultimately reduced microbial activity.
Transport Upscaling in Highly Heterogeneous Aquifers and the Prediction of Tracer Dispersion at the MADE Site
Authors: Dentz Marco , Comolli Alessandro , Hakoun Vivien , Hidalgo Juan J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present an upscaled Lagrangian approach to predict the plume evolution in highly heterogeneous aquifers. The model is parameterized by transport‐independent characteristics such as the statistics of hydraulic conductivity and the Eulerian flow speed. It can be conditioned on the tracer properties and flow data at the injection region. Thus, the model is transferable to different solutes and hydraulic conditions. It captures the large‐scale non‐Gaussian features for the evolution of the longitudinal mass distribution observed for the bromide and tritium tracer plumes at the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site (Columbus, Mississippi, USA), which are characterized by a slow moving peak and pronounced forward tailing. These large‐scale features are explained by advective tracer propagation due to a broad distribution of spatially persistent Eulerian flow speeds as a result of spatial variability in hydraulic conductivity.
An Innovative Application of Generative Adversarial Networks for Physically Accurate Rock Images With an Unprecedented Field of View
Authors: Niu Yufu , Wang Ying Da , Mostaghimi Peyman , Swietojanski Pawel , Armstrong Ryan T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh‐resolution X‐ray microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) data are used for the accurate determination of rock petrophysical properties. High‐resolution data, however, result in a small field of view, and thus, the representativeness of a simulation domain can be brought into question when dealing with geophysical applications. This paper applies a cycle‐in‐cycle generative adversarial network (CinCGAN) to improve the resolution of 3‐D micro‐CT data and create a super‐resolution image using unpaired training images. Effective porosity, Euler characteristic, pore size distribution, and absolute permeability are measured on super‐resolution and high‐resolution ground‐truth images to evaluate the physical accuracy of the proposed CinCGAN. The results demonstrate that CinCGAN provides physically accurate images with an order of magnitude larger field of view when compared to typical micro‐CT methods. This unlocks new pathways for the geophysical characterization of subsurface rocks with broad implications for flow modeling in highly heterogeneous rocks or fundamental studies on nonlocal forces that extend beyond domain sizes typically used for pore‐scale simulation.
Necessary Conditions for Warm Inflow Toward the Filchner Ice Shelf, Weddell Sea
Authors: Daae K. , Hattermann T. , Darelius E. , Mueller R. D. , Naughten K. A. , Timmermann R. , Hellmer H. H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding changes in Antarctic ice shelf basal melting is a major challenge for predicting future sea level. Currently, warm Circumpolar Deep Water surrounding Antarctica has limited access to the Weddell Sea continental shelf; consequently, melt rates at Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf are low. However, large‐scale model projections suggest that changes to the Antarctic Slope Front and the coastal circulation may enhance warm inflows within this century. We use a regional high‐resolution ice shelf cavity and ocean circulation model to explore forcing changes that may trigger this regime shift. Our results suggest two necessary conditions for supporting a sustained warm inflow into the Filchner Ice Shelf cavity: (i) an extreme relaxation of the Antarctic Slope Front density gradient and (ii) substantial freshening of the dense shelf water. We also find that the on‐shelf transport over the western Weddell Sea shelf is sensitive to the Filchner Trough overflow characteristics.
Characterizing Radio Frequency Magnetic Radiation of Initial Upward Leader Stepping in Triggered Lightning With Interferometric Lightning Mapping
Authors: Fan Yanfeng , Lu Gaopeng , Zhang Yang , Lyu Weitao , Zheng Dong , Fan Xiangpeng , Li Xiao , Zhang Yijun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn summer of 2019, the bandwidth of magnetic field sensor with relatively high sensitivity was extended to 1.2 MHz during the triggered lightning experiment of Field Experiment Base on Lightning Sciences, China Meteorological Administration (CMA‐FEBLS) in Conghua, Guangdong Province. The measurements with the new magnetic fields reveal the presence of microsecond‐scale magnetic pulses during the entire duration of upward positive leader (UPL), including the quiet stage when only few signals can be discerned in previous observations, which indicates that the UPL generally propagates in a stepwise manner during the initial stage of triggered lightning. Synchronous mapping observations from the broadband VHF interferometer shows that the VHF radiation corresponds to the onset of individual magnetic pulses, indicating that the VHF signals are radiated by the breakdown processes of individual stepping, and these breakdown events launch the meter‐scale current pulses as the radiation source of individual magnetic pulses.
Exploring the ENSO Impact on Basin‐Scale Floods Using Hydrological Simulations and TRMM Precipitation
Authors: Yan Yan , Wu Huan , Gu Guojun , Ward Philip J. , Luo Lifeng , Li Xiaomeng , Huang Zhijun , Tao Jing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEl Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important driver of interannual climate variability with increasing attention for its impacts on water and flood management. The impact of ENSO on basin‐scale floods during the TRMM period (1998–2013) is examined by using the streamflow outputs from the Dominant river Routing Integrated with VIC Environment model (DRIVE). Significant simultaneous correlations between flood indices and Niño 3.4 appear in many flood‐prone river basins during peak flood months across both the tropics and midlatitudes especially for flood frequency and flood duration. Gauged by significant lag‐correlations between floods and Niño 3.4, significant ENSO‐leading‐floods relations are found as well in many river basins in South America, south and southeastern Asia, and northern Africa. These ENSO‐floods‐relations can greatly enhance understanding of physical mechanisms relevant to the ENSO impact and may also improve the skills of basin‐scale monthly‐to‐seasonal flood forecast, thus allowing for better preparedness and management of flood risks.
Eddy‐Like Features Near St. Matthew Island, Eastern Bering Sea Shelf: Observations From the Oculus Coastal Glider
Authors: Ladd C. , Bell S. W. , Kimmel D. G. , Mordy C. W. , Stabeno P. J. , Stalin S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe eastern Bering Sea Shelf is characterized by high biological productivity, seasonal sea ice, and commercially important fisheries. Enhanced productivity is often associated with small‐scale oceanographic features. Our objective was to use an autonomous underwater vehicle to examine features typically missed by ~20‐km spaced shipboard sampling. A coastal glider (Oculus) sampled ~3 dives hr−1 with horizontal spacing of ~300 m per dive in August/September 2017. In the north‐south transition zone near St. Matthew Island, the glider sampled four eddy‐like features associated with weaker vertical stratification. These features had diameters of 15–20 km and were associated with higher surface chlorophyll. Shipboard data collected in the same region approximately a month later showed that a similar feature was associated with high concentrations of small copepods. Incorporating higher resolution sampling available with gliders into the Bering Sea observing network will improve our understanding of ecosystem response to patchiness in the system.
Space Imaging Geodesy Reveals Near Circular, Coseismic Block Rotation During the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake, New Zealand
Authors: Wang Teng , Jiao Liqing , Tapponnier Paul , Shi Xuhua , Wei Shengji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLarge earthquakes usually rupture plate boundary faults, releasing the accumulated stress as displacements localized along smooth, narrow faults. However, certain earthquakes initiate off main faults, rupturing adjacent, secondary faults. The mechanisms of such atypical stress release remain enigmatic, partly due to a lack of detailed geodetic evidence. Here using the 3D coseismic displacement field derived from space imaging geodesy, we detect 10‐km‐scale, nearly‐circular coseismic block rotation during the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake in New Zealand. Together, geodetic observations, longer term local paleomagnetic data, analytical, and discrete element modeling imply that localized block rotation occurred south of the Hope fault along weak, steep, bedding‐parallel boundaries within a narrow, ~20‐km‐wide dextral shear zone. That stress near plate boundary faults can be partially released in zones of distributed ruptures absorbing coseismic rotation may retard rupture along main faults. Our observations also suggest that coseismic rotation may help accomodate plate boundary propagation.
Pressure Drag for Shallow Cumulus Clouds: From Thermals to the Cloud Ensemble
Authors: Gu Jian‐Feng , Stephen Plant Robert , Holloway Christopher E. , Muetzelfeldt Mark R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study takes the first step to bridge the gap between the pressure drag of a shallow cloud ensemble and that of an individual cloud composed of rising thermals. It is found that the pressure drag for a cloud ensemble is primarily controlled by the dynamical component. The dominance of dynamical pressure drag and its increased magnitude with height are independent of cloud lifetime and are common features of individual clouds except that the total drag of a single cloud over life cycle presents vertical oscillations. These oscillations are associated with successive rising thermals but are further complicated by the evaporation‐driven downdrafts outside the cloud. The horizontal vorticity associated with the vortical structure is amplified as the thermals rise to higher altitudes due to continuous baroclinic vorticity generation. This leads to the increased magnitude of local minima of dynamical pressure perturbation with height and consequently to increased dynamical pressure drag.
Kelvin‐Helmholtz Billow Interactions and Instabilities in the Mesosphere Over the Andes Lidar Observatory: 1. Observations
Authors: Hecht J. H. , Fritts D. C. , Gelinas L. J. , Rudy R. J. , Walterscheid R. L. , Liu A. Z. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA very high spatial resolution (∼25 m pixel at 90 km altitude) OH airglow imager was installed at the Andes Lidar Observatory on Cerro Pachón, Chile, in February 2016. This instrument was collocated with a Na wind‐temperature lidar. On 1 March 2016, the lidar data showed that the atmosphere was dynamically unstable before 0100 UT and thus conducive to the formation of Kelvin‐Helmholtz instabilities (KHIs). The imager revealed the presence of a KHI and an apparent atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) propagating approximately perpendicular to the plane of primary KHI motions. The AGW appears to have induced modulations of the shear layer leading to misalignments of the emerging KHI billows. These enabled strong KHI billow interactions, as they achieved large amplitudes and a rapid transition to turbulence thereafter. The interactions manifested themselves as vortex tube and knot features that were earlier identified in laboratory studies, as discussed in Thorpe (1987, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC092iC05p05231; 2002, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.200212858307) and inferred to be widespread in the atmosphere based on features seen in tropospheric clouds but which have never been identified in previous upper atmospheric observations. This study presents the first high‐resolution airglow imaging observation of these KHI interaction dynamics that drive rapid transitions to turbulence and suggest the potential importance of these dynamics in the mesosphere and at other altitudes. A companion paper (Fritts et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033412) modeling these dynamics confirms that the vortex tubes and knots yield more rapid and significantly enhanced turbulence relative to the internal instabilities of individual KHI billows.