bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Mode Microwave Heating‐Induced Concurrent Out‐of‐Plane Twin Growth Suppression and In‐Plane Epitaxial Growth Promotion of b‐Oriented MFI Film under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Liu Yi , Lu Jinming , Liu Yi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, single‐mode microwave heating was applied in epitaxial growth of b‐oriented MFI seed monolayer prepared by facile manual assembly, resulting in the formation of well‐intergrown and highly b‐oriented MFI film with few twins. It exhibited a precise molecular sieving property at a reaction temperature no higher than 100 °C within 2 hours, therefore making it possible for easy operation in an open environment. The capability for concurrent suppression of undesired out‐of‐plane twin growth and promotion of in‐plane epitaxial growth rate under mild reaction conditions was attributed to the obvious superiority of single‐mode microwave heating in comparison with conventional multi‐mode microwave heating in aspects of microwave field uniformity and intensity. Our research indicated that the single‐mode microwave heating technique could potentially be a useful tool for improving the microstructure and therefore the performance of diverse zeolite films.
Clinical significance of PET/CT uptake for peripheral clinical N0 non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Shuai , Lin Dong , Yang Xiaodong , Zhan Cheng , Zhao Shihai , Luo Rongkui , Wang Qun , Tan Lijie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn this cohort study, we determined the clinical value of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of primary tumors in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Study DesignA retrospective review of NSCLC patients was performed from January 2011 to December 2017. Peripheral cN0 NSCLC patients with tumor size ≤2 cm were included. SUVmax was calculated as a continuous variable for semiquantitative analyses. A receiver operating characteristic curve was analyzed to assess the cutoff threshold of SUVmax on pathological (p) nodal metastasis. We further evaluated the clinical relevance of SUVmax in peripheral cN0 NSCLC patients.ResultsA total of 670 peripheral NSCLC patients with tumor size ≤2 cm were deemed cN0 by preoperative PET/CT scan. Statistical analyses suggested significant correlations of SUVmax with smoking status (P = .026), tumor volume (P = .001), pathology type (P = .008), tumor differentiation (P < .001), vessel invasion (P = .001), plural invasion (P < .001), pT stage (P < .001), nodal involvement (P < .001), and pathological tumor node metastasis stage (P < .001). A cutoff point of SUVmax of 3.8 (P < .001) could be used to predict pathological nodal metastasis. Multivariable analyses indicated that preoperative SUVmax >3.8 (odds ratio, 12.149; P < .001) was an independent predictor of nodal metastasis. Overall survival analyses further suggested that SUVmax was an independent prognostic indicator (hazard ratio, 2.050; P = .017).ConclusionPreoperative SUVmax is a predictor of pathological nodal metastasis and prognosis for peripheral cN0 NSCLC patients with tumor size ≤2 cm. Our results indicate that assessment of PET SUVmax could improve stratification of these patients.
Photoinduced acute exanthematous pustulosis caused by dicloxacillin and exposure to sunlight
Authors: Nielsen Rikke M. , Pallesen Kristine A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotoinduced acute exanthematous pustulosis is a rare condition; only few cases of photo‐AEP have been described previously with drugs such as norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enoxacin. In this case, the reaction is seen after intake of dicloxacillin.
Reactions in Water Involving the “On‐Water” Mechanism
Authors: Kitanosono Taku , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEver‐evolving catalyst advances in synthetic protocols using water as a reaction medium have enriched the understanding of sustainable organic chemistry. Because conventional classification and definitions were ambivalent, it is proposed here that catalytic reactions using water be collectively called to be “in water”, with further classification into seven types. When accelerated in water as heterogeneous mixtures, the reactions can be regarded as following an “on‐water” mechanism. The original term “on water” coined by Sharpless is incongruous with catalytic reactions, whereas on‐water used in this review covers all the interfaces involving water where chemical reactions are accelerated. As a result of the unconcluded dispute on the antiquated catalyst‐free “on water” model, the modified model defines three water layers: water molecules that are oriented to extrude protons toward the oil phase in the inner layer, those enwrapped by a secondary layer, and finally the bulk water layer. In light of the latitudinous outlook on the role of water at the interface, selected examples of reactions, in particular those reported over the past decade, that follow an “on‐water” mechanism are reviewed herein.
Coexistence of Spin–Lattice Relaxation and Phonon‐Bottleneck Processes in GdIII–Phthlocyaninato Triple‐Decker Complexes under Highly Diluted Conditions
Authors: Horii Yoji , Katoh Keiichi , Miyazaki Yuji , Damjanović Marko , Sato Tetsu , Ungur Liviu , Chibotaru Liviu F. , Breedlove Brian K. , Nakano Motohiro , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGd3+ complexes have been shown to undergo unusual slow magnetic relaxation processes similar to those of single‐molecule magnets (SMMs), even though Gd3+ does not exhibit strong magnetic anisotropy. To reveal the origin of the slow magnetic relaxation of Gd3+ complexes, we have investigated the magnetic properties and heat capacities of two Gd3+‐phthalocyaninato triple‐decker complexes, one of which has intramolecular Gd3+–Gd3+ interactions and the other does not. It was found that the Gd3+–Gd3+ interactions accelerate the magnetic relaxation processes. In addition, magnetically diluted samples, prepared by doping a small amount of the Gd3+ complexes into a large amount of diamagnetic Y3+ complexes, underwent dual magnetic relaxation processes. A detailed dynamic magnetic analysis revealed that the coexistence of spin–lattice relaxation and phonon‐bottleneck processes is the origin of the dual magnetic relaxation processes.
Lateral induction limits the impact of cell connectivity on Notch signaling in arterial walls
Authors: Ristori Tommaso , Stassen Oscar M. J. A. , Sahlgren Cecilia M. , Loerakker Sandra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is well known that arteries grow and remodel in response to mechanical stimuli. Vascular smooth muscle cells are the main mediators of this process, as they can switch phenotype from contractile to synthetic, and vice‐versa, based on the surrounding bio‐chemo‐mechanical stimuli. A correct regulation of this phenotypic switch is fundamental to obtain and maintain arterial homeostasis. Notch, a mechanosensitive signaling pathway, is one of the main regulators of the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. Therefore, understanding Notch dynamics is key to elucidate arterial growth, remodeling, and mechanobiology. We have recently developed a one‐dimensional agent‐based model to investigate Notch signaling in arteries. However, due to its one‐dimensional formulation, the model cannot be adopted to study complex nonsymmetrical geometries and, importantly, it cannot capture the realistic “cell connectivity” in arteries, here defined as the number of cell neighbors. Notch functions via direct cell‐cell contact; thus, the number of cell neighbors could be an essential feature of Notch dynamics. Here, we extended the agent‐based model to a two‐dimensional formulation, to investigate the effects of cell connectivity on Notch dynamics and cell phenotypes in arteries. The computational results, supported by a sensitivity analysis, indicate that cell connectivity has marginal effects when Notch dynamics is dominated by the process of lateral induction, which induces all cells to have a uniform phenotype. When lateral induction is weaker, cells exhibit a nonuniform phenotype distribution and the percentage of synthetic cells within an artery depends on the number of neighbors.
Performance evaluation of containers and virtual machines when running Cassandra workload concurrently
Authors: Shirinbab Sogand , Lundberg Lars , Casalicchio Emiliano 
Published: February 2020

SummaryNoSQL distributed databases are often used as Big Data platforms. To provide efficient resource sharing and cost effectiveness, such distributed databases typically run concurrently on a virtualized infrastructure that could be implemented using hypervisor‐based virtualization or container‐based virtualization. Hypervisor‐based virtualization is a mature technology but imposes overhead on CPU, networking, and disk. Recently, by sharing the operating system resources and simplifying the deployment of applications, container‐based virtualization is getting more popular. This article presents a performance comparison between multiple instances of VMware VMs and Docker containers running concurrently. Our workload models a real‐world Big Data Apache Cassandra application from Ericsson. As a baseline, we evaluated the performance of Cassandra when running on the nonvirtualized physical infrastructure. Our study shows that Docker has lower overhead compared with VMware; the performance on the container‐based infrastructure was as good as on the nonvirtualized. Our performance evaluations also show that running multiple instances of a Cassandra database concurrently affected the performance of read and write operations differently; for both VMware and Docker, the maximum number of read operations was reduced when we ran several instances concurrently, whereas the maximum number of write operations increased when we ran instances concurrently.
Environmental disclosure and stakeholder engagement via social media: State of the art and potential in public utilities
Authors: Giacomini Davide , Zola Paola , Paredi Diego , Mazzoleni Mario 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe concept of sustainable development has become dominant in the current socio‐economic debate at the global level. In particular, environmental issues have become increasingly central in the action of all organisations: private, public, and hybrid. Analysing a sample of Italian public utilities, we studied the level of disclosure regarding environmental topics via public Facebook pages. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of Web 2.0 on municipally owned public utilities' voluntary disclosure of environmental issues and stakeholder interest in this field. The findings show that the use of Facebook by public utilities to disclose environmental issues is still at an early stage. However, it is constantly growing, especially in the larger companies and in those with mixed public/private ownership.
Beyond algorithmic noise or how to shuffle parallel implementations?
Authors: Levi Itamar , Bellizia Davide , Standaert François‐Xavier 
Published: February 2020

SummaryNoise is an important ingredient for side‐channel‐analysis countermeasures security. However, physical noise is in most cases not sufficient to achieve high‐security levels. As an outcome, designers traditionally aim to emulate noise by harnessing shuffling in the time domain and algorithmic noise in the amplitude domain. On one hand, harnessing algorithmic noise is limited in architectures/devices which have a limited data‐path width. On the other hand, the performance degradation due to shuffling is considerable. A natural complement to operation shuffling is the hardware‐based intra‐cycle shuffling (ICS), which typically shuffles the sample time of bits within a clock cycle (instead of micro‐processor operations). Such architecture eliminates the performance overhead due to shuffling within a single cycle, it is algorithm‐independent, i.e., no need in partitioning of operations, and as it is hardware‐based, the data‐path width can be tailored to better exploit algorithmic‐noise. In this manuscript, we first analyze the noise components in physical designs to better model the algorithmic noise. We then perform an information‐theoretic (IT) analysis of both shuffling countermeasures . The last part of the manuscript deals with real‐world architectures analysis: IT analysis of an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) core implemented over a 32‐ and 128‐bit wide data‐path embedded with intra‐cycle shuffling and two flavors of shuffling generation (memory‐based and on‐line permutation generation). The manuscript is concluded by underling the benefits which can be achieved with the ICS architecture.
Outage analysis of SWIPT‐based full‐duplex cognitive NOMA downlink system over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Sashiganth M. , Thiruvengadam S.J. , Sriram Kumar D. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryCognitive nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique allows multiple users to share the same time and same frequency resources to fulfil the reliability and spectral efficiency requirements of 5G communication standards. In this paper, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)–based full‐duplex cognitive NOMA downlink system is proposed. In this system, secondary source (SS) serves as a relay to far primary user as there is no direct link from the primary source. NOMA technique is used at SS to transmit information to far primary user and secondary user. The time switching mechanism is adopted at SS for harvesting energy and information decoding. Analytical closed‐form expressions are derived for the outage probabilities of both primary and secondary users. Outage analysis is carried out in Nakagami‐
fading environment in the presence of self‐interference at SS. In addition to that, the optimal harvesting time to maximize the instantaneous throughput of the far primary user is also derived. Numerical results are plotted to validate the derived expressions. It is inferred that the outage probability of the proposed system depends on the fading environment, harvesting parameters, and self‐interference at SS.
The combined role of dispersal and niche evolution in the diversification of Neotropical lizards
Authors: Sheu Yumi , Zurano Juan P. , Ribeiro‐Junior Marco A. , Ávila‐Pires Teresa C. , Rodrigues Miguel T. , Colli Guarino R. , Werneck Fernanda P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEcological requirements and environmental conditions can influence diversification across temporal and spatial scales. Understanding the role of ecological niche evolution under phylogenetic contexts provides insights on speciation mechanisms and possible responses to future climatic change. Large‐scale phyloclimatic studies on the megadiverse Neotropics, where biomes with contrasting vegetation types occur in narrow contact, are rare. We integrate ecological and biogeographic data with phylogenetic comparative methods, to investigate the relative roles of biogeographic events and niche divergence and conservatism on the diversification of the lizard genus Kentropyx Spix, 1825 (Squamata: Teiidae), distributed in South American rainforests and savannas. Using five molecular markers, we estimated a dated species tree, which recovered three clades coincident with previously proposed species groups diverging during the mid‐Miocene. Biogeography reconstruction indicates a role of successive dispersal events from an ancestral range in the Brazilian Shield and western Amazonia. Ancestral reconstruction of climatic tolerances and niche overlap metrics indicates a trend of conservatism during the diversification of groups from the Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield, and a strong signal of niche divergence in the Brazilian Shield savannas. Our results suggest that climatic‐driven divergence at dynamic forest‐savanna borders might have resulted in adaptation to new environmental niches, promoting habitat shifts and shaping speciation patterns of Neotropical lizards. Dispersal and ecological divergence could have a more important role in Neotropical diversification than previously thought.
Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis reveals multiple Pleistocene glacial refugia for the Yellow‐spotted mountain newt, Neurergus derjugini (Caudata: Salamandridae) in the mid‐Zagros range in Iran and Iraq
Authors: Malekoutian Maryam , Sharifi Mozafar , Vaissi Somaye 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhylogeography is often used to investigate the effects of glacial cycles on current genetic structure of various plant and animal species. This approach can also identify the number and location of glacial refugia as well as the recolonization routes from those refugia to the current locations. To identify the location of glacial refugia of the Yellow‐spotted mountain newt, Neurergus derjugini, we employed phylogeography patterns and genetic variability of this species by analyzing partial ND4 sequences (867 bp) of 67 specimens from 15 sampling localities from the whole species range in Iran and Iraq. Phylogenetic trees concordant with haplotype networks showed a clear genetic structure among populations as three groups corresponding to the populations in the north, center, and south. Evolutionary ages of clades north and south ranging from 0.15 to 0.17 Myr, while the oldest clade is the central clade, corresponding to 0.32 Myr. Bayesian skyline plots of population size change through time show a relatively slight increase until about 25 kyr (around the last glacial maximum) and a decline of population size about 2.5 kyr. The presence of geographically structured clades in north, center, and south sections of the species range signifies the disjunct populations that have emerged in three different refugium. This study illustrates the importance of the effect of previous glacial cycles in shaping the genetic structure of mountain species in the Zagros range. These areas are important in terms of long‐term species persistence and therefore valuable areas for conservation of biodiversity.
Acute kidney injury in heart failure: a population study
Authors: Holgado Jose Luis , Lopez Cristina , Fernandez Antonio , Sauri Inmaculada , Uso Ruth , Trillo Jose Luis , Vela Sara , Nuñez Julio , Redon Josep , Ruiz Adrian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsThe objective of the present study is to assess the prognostic value of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the evolution of patients with heart failure (HF) using real‐world data.Methods and resultsPatients with a diagnosis of HF and with serial measurements of renal function collected throughout the study period were included. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated with the CKD‐EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration). AKI was defined when a sudden drop in creatinine with posterior recovery was recorded. According to the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End‐Stage Renal Disease (RIFLE) scale, AKI severity was graded in three categories: risk [1.5‐fold increase in serum creatinine (sCr)], injury (2.0‐fold increase in sCr), and failure (3.0‐fold increase in sCr or sCr > 4.0 mg/dL). AKI incidence and risk of hospitalization and mortality after the first episode were calculated by adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 30 529 patients with HF were included. During an average follow‐up of 3.2 years, 5294 AKI episodes in 3970 patients (13.0%) and incidence of 3.3/100 HF patients/year were recorded. One episode was observed in 3161 (10.4%), two in 537 (1.8%), and three or more in 272 (0.9%). They were more frequent in women with diabetes and hypertension. The incidence increases across the GFR levels (Stages 1 to 4: risk 7.6%, 6.8%, 11.3%, and 12.5%; injury 2.1%, 2.0%, 3.3%, and 5.5%; and failure 0.9%, 0.6%. 1.4%, and 8.0%). A total of 3817 patients with acute HF admission were recorded during the follow‐up, with incidence of 38.4/100 HF patients/year, 3101 (81.2%) patients without AKI, 545 (14.3%) patients with one episode, and 171 (4.5%) patients with two or more. The number of AKI episodes [one hazard ratio (HR) 1.05 (0.98–1.13); two or more HR 2.01 (1.79–2.25)] and severity [risk HR 1.05 (0.97–1.04); injury HR 1.41 (1.24–1.60); and failure HR 1.90 (1.64–2.20)] increases the risk of hospitalization. A total of 10 560 deaths were recorded, with incidence of 9.3/100 HF patients/year, 8951 (33.7%) of subjects without AKI episodes, 1180 (11.17%) of subjects with one episode, and 429 (4.06%) with two or more episodes. The number of episodes [one HR 1.05 (0.98–1.13); two or more HR 2.01 (1.79–2.25)] and severity [risk 1.05 confidence interval (CI) (0.97–1.14), injury 1.41 (CI 1.24–1.60), and failure 1.90 (CI 1.64–2.20)] increases mortality risk.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated the worse prognostic value of sudden renal function decline in HF patients and pointed to those with more future risk who require review of treatment and closer follow‐up.
Chemical Recycling of Plastics by Microwave‐Assisted High‐Temperature Pyrolysis
Authors: Jiang Haibin , Liu Wenlu , Zhang Xiaohong , Qiao Jinliang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUse of plastics faces much criticism because of its shocking and increasing impact on the environment. But banning plastic will not help the environment. Only appropriate recycling of plastic waste can give satisfying solution. A lab‐scale chemical recycling method, in which a mixture of plastic wastes and plant oil is continuously cracked into ethylene, propylene, and other useful chemicals by using microwave‐assisted high‐temperature pyrolysis, is developed. The method has delivered interesting leads that provide the basis for setting up a new process. Based on the encouraging results, a “drop‐in” method for a renewable and circular polymer industry is also proposed. If it is commercially realized, plastic waste and plant oils will be the feedstock for the polymer industry and this industry will become renewable and circular.
Auswirkungen von Strömungen auf lokale hydraulische Sicherheiten – Beispiele mit der FEM
Authors: Karcher Christian , Imposimato Silvia , Herle Ivo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractÜblicherweise werden in der Praxis hydraulische Sicherheiten für vordefinierte Versagensmechanismen und ohne Berücksichtigung einer bodenmechanischen Vorgeschichte berechnet. Die mathematische Analyse der durch Strömung reduzierten effektiven Spannungen, verbunden mit lokalen hydraulischen Sicherheiten, lässt Schlussfolgerungen auf den Gesamt‐ und örtlichen Zustand im Untersuchungsgebiet vergleichsweise einfach zu. Dazu werden unter Zuhilfenahme der Finite‐Elemente‐(FE)Methode Porenwasserdruckverteilungen und Effektivspannungen bewertet. Bei FE‐Programmen, die Berechnungen mit Porenwasserdrücken anbieten, genügen für diese Analyse Anpassungen im Post‐Processing.