bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small intestinal volvulus and colonic rupture in a dog after gastric dilation and volvulus
Authors: Düver Pia , Adamik Katja , Hettlich Bianca 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn adult Standard Poodle was presented with gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV). An emergency laparotomy was performed, during which the stomach was derotated and an incisional gastropexy was performed. The dog recovered uneventfully from surgery and was stable for two days. Three days postoperatively, his condition declined markedly. Evidence of peritonitis was found on abdominal ultrasound, with no clearly identified underlying cause. The dog was euthanased and underwent gross postmortem examination. A small intestinal volvulus and macroscopic evidence of strangulation of a section of colon transversum with intestinal perforation was found. There were no lesions identified associated with the stomach or gastropexy site. This case report discusses possible reasons for the development of the intestinal volvulus and the strangulation and rupture of the colon in a dog after GDV surgery.
Toward computational design of chemical reactions with reaction phase diagram
Authors: Guo Chenxi , Fu Xiaoyan , Long Jun , Li Huan , Qin Gangqiang , Cao Ang , Jing Huijuan , Xiao Jianping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) was rapidly developed and achieved a great success in the last decades. As the advancement of general concepts in heterogeneous catalysis, theoretical study of chemical reactions based on DFT calculations has become more and more feasible, which provides a guideline for the rational design of novel catalysts toward higher reaction activity and specific selectivity. Here, we review an innovate scheme, namely reaction phase diagram (RPD), which can offer not only an in‐depth understanding of reaction mechanisms, but also the prediction of catalytic activity and selectivity trend over a collection of catalysts. The RPD analysis was successfully applied to understand the activity variation of CO2 electroreduction to CO and formic acid, as well as thermochemical hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. Meanwhile, the RPD analysis also exhibits a success of studying the product selectivity in syngas conversion to methane, ethanol, and methanol with complicated reaction pathways. At the end, we review a successful case of catalyst rational design with a target of NO selective electroreduction to ammonia. The foundation of RPD analysis is based on the scaling relation of adsorption energies and the correlation between kinetic barriers and reaction energies at elementary steps. Therefore, microkinetic modeling is complementary to the RPD analysis. A few of limitations and the prospect of the development regarding the RPD analysis are addressed in this review.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Rollen und Rollendynamiken in der partizipativen Forschungsgemeinschaft
Authors: Kümpers Susanne , Brandes Sven , Gebhardt Birte , Kühnemund Christina 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungAus dem Ansatz der partizipativen Forschung ergeben sich für Forschende und Co-Forschende andere Rollen und Beziehungen als bei traditionellen Forschungskonzepten. Der Artikel beschreibt im Sinne eines Werkstattberichts Reflexionen und Erkenntnisse zu der Frage, wie Rollen im Rahmen partizipativer Gesundheitsforschung (PGF) wahrgenommen und ausgefüllt werden. Wissenschaftler*innen und Praxispartner*innen aus 2 Teilprojekten im Forschungsverbund PartKommPlus werteten dazu ihre Erfahrungen aus mehrjähriger Zusammenarbeit aus und entwickelten Erkenntnisse darüber, welche Dynamiken für die Rollengestaltung wichtig waren und worauf für eine konstruktive Gestaltung der Rollen zu achten ist.Als 5 wichtige Elemente bei der Entwicklung von Rollen wurden herausgearbeitet: die Bedeutung der Handlungsspielräume, die sich aus den Bindungen an die jeweiligen Institutionen ergeben; die Veränderung der Rollen und Beziehungen über den (Projekt‑)Zeitraum; die Bedeutung von Vertrauen für funktionierende Kooperationsbeziehungen; die Problematik der Vertraulichkeit von Informationen für die wissenschaftliche Verwertung sowie der durch den Veränderungsanspruch partizipativer Forschung begründete politische Charakter der Kooperationen, der geteilte Grundhaltungen und Ziele voraussetzt. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung der gemeinsamen Reflexion der Rollengestaltung herausgearbeitet, die zum Erfolg oder Misserfolg partizipativer Forschungszusammenarbeit sowie zur Qualität ihrer Ergebnisse beiträgt.
Characteristics of dry eye patients with thick tear film lipid layers evaluated by a LipiView II interferometer
Authors: Lee Yunjin , Hyon Joon Young , Jeon Hyun Sun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the characteristics of eyes with dry eye disease (DED) whose lipid layer thickness (LLT) measured 100 nm on a LipiView II interferometer and compare the DED parameters of them to those with LLT below 100 nm.

Methods
A total of 201 eyes of 102 enrolled DED patients (mean age 56.4 ± 11.8 years) were classified into 3 groups according to their average LLT; < 60 nm as thin-LLT (n = 49), 60–99 nm as normal-LLT (n = 77), and 100 nm as thick-LLT (n = 75). LLT, meiboscore, Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining (OSS), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were assessed.

Results
The OSS and TBUT were significantly worse in the thick-LLT group than in the normal-LLT group (p = 0.020, and p = 0.028, respectively). The OSDI was significantly higher in the thick-LLT group than in the thin-LLT group (p = 0.006). However, the meiboscore was not different among the three groups (p = 0.33). Age, OSS, and OSDI showed a positive correlation with LLT (r = 0.16, p = 0.023; r = 0.213, p = 0.003; and r = 0.338, p = 0.001, respectively). In sensitivity analyses, eyes with corneal erosions had a significantly higher average LLT (p = 0.015), higher OSDI (p = 0.009), shorter TBUT (p < 0.001), and shorter Schirmer I value (p = 0.024) than those with clear corneas.

Conclusion
The average LLT of eyes with corneal erosions was thicker than those without erosions, suggesting that the LLT of 100 nm in the eyes with corneal erosions should not be regarded as a stable physiologic condition. Cautious interpretation of LLT along with other dry eye parameters is required.
Cost-sensitive probability for weighted voting in an ensemble model for multi-class classification problems
Authors: Rojarath Artittayapron , Songpan Wararat 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnsemble learning is an algorithm that utilizes various types of classification models. This algorithm can enhance the prediction efficiency of component models. However, the efficiency of combining models typically depends on the diversity and accuracy of the predicted results of ensemble models. However, the problem of multi-class data is still encountered. In the proposed approach, cost-sensitive learning was implemented to evaluate the prediction accuracy for each class, which was used to construct a cost-sensitivity matrix of the true positive (TP) rate. This TP rate can be used as a weight value and combined with a probability value to drive ensemble learning for a specified class. We proposed an ensemble model, which was a type of heterogenous model, namely, a combination of various individual classification models (support vector machine, Bayes, K-nearest neighbour, naïve Bayes, decision tree, and multi-layer perceptron) in experiments on 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-classifier models. The efficiencies of the propose models were compared to those of the individual classifier model and homogenous models (Adaboost, bagging, stacking, voting, random forest, and random subspaces) with various multi-class data sets. The experimental results demonstrate that the cost-sensitive probability for the weighted voting ensemble model that was derived from 3 models provided the most accurate results for the dataset in multi-class prediction. The objective of this study was to increase the efficiency of predicting classification results in multi-class classification tasks and to improve the classification results.
Carry the past into the future: the effects of CEO temporal focus on succession planning in family firms
Authors: Lu Feifei , Kwan Ho Kwong , Ma Bin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, the relationship between CEO temporal focus and family business succession planning is examined and the moderating effects of family interactions and environmental uncertainty are assessed. Based on data from 198 CEOs of family businesses and additional data from 15 semi-structured interviews in China, we find that CEO temporal focus (i.e., past, present, or future focus) is positively associated with succession planning. In addition, family interactions strengthen the relationship between CEO past focus and succession planning and weaken the relationship between CEO future focus and succession planning. Moreover, in uncertain environments, past-focused CEOs are more likely to plan for succession than present-focused CEOs. The theoretical contributions and practical implications of the study are also discussed.
Promising Therapy for Heart Failure in Patients with Severe COVID-19: Calming the Cytokine Storm
Authors: Peng Xiang , Wang Yani , Xi Xiangwen , Jia Ying , Tian Jiangtian , Yu Bo , Tian Jinwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a serious global threat to human health and the economy. Based on accumulating evidence, its continuous progression involves not only pulmonary injury but also damage to the cardiovascular system due to intertwined pathophysiological risks. As a point of convergence in the pathophysiologic process between COVID-19 and heart failure (HF), cytokine storm induces the progression of COVID-19 in patients presenting pre-existing or new onset myocardial damage and even HF. Cytokine storm, as a trigger of the progression of HF in patients with COVID-19, has become a novel focus to explore therapies for target populations. In this review, we briefly introduce the basis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and illuminate the mechanism and links among COVID-19, cytokine storm, and HF. Furthermore, we discuss drugs and therapeutic targets for patients with COVID-19 and HF.
Nephrotoxicity in patients with solid tumors treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Han , Xu Jinsheng , Bai Yaling , Zhang Shenglei , Cheng Meijuan , Jin Jingjing 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBackground Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have dramatically improved cancer therapy for many patients. Adverse kidney effects have been found to be an important complication but have unclear mechanisms. Methods We searched Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library to identify potential eligible studies. All included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining patients with solid tumors treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and/or chemotherapy. The relative risk (RR) was used to assess the risk of nephrotoxic events. Results We included 27 clinical trials (15,063 patients). Compared with chemotherapy, the RR of all-grade nephritis was significantly increased with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs (RR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.09–6.99, P = 0.03). Furthermore, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs plus chemotherapy can significantly increase the RR of all-grade nephritis (RR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.07–8.35, P = 0.04). There was also a significant increase in the RRs of all-grade increased blood creatinine (RR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.24–2.86, P = 0.003) and acute kidney injury (AKI) (RR =3.35, 95% CI: 1.48–7.60, P = 0.004). Conclusions Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs can significantly increase nephrotoxicity in patients with solid tumors, especially when combined with chemotherapy. During the application of these drugs, we should remain aware of nephrotoxicity for better efficacy. Trial registration number and date of registration Not applicable.
Phase II study of selumetinib, an orally active inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 kinases, in KRASG12R-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kenney Cara , Kunst Tricia , Webb Santhana , Christina Devisser , Arrowood Christy , Steinberg Seth M. , Mettu Niharika B. , Kim Edward J. , Rudloff Udo 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBackground Preclinical evidence has suggested that a subset of pancreatic cancers with the G12R mutational isoform of the KRAS oncogene is more sensitive to MAPK pathway blockade than pancreatic tumors with other KRAS isoforms. We conducted a biomarker-driven trial of selumetinib (KOSELUGO™; ARRY-142886), an orally active, allosteric mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor, in pancreas cancer patients with somatic KRASG12R mutations. Methods In this two-stage, phase II study (NCT03040986) patients with advanced pancreas cancer harboring somatic KRASG12R variants who had received at least one standard-of-care systemic therapy regimen received 75 mg selumetinib orally twice a day until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. The primary outcome of the study was best objective response (BOR). Results From August 2017 to February 2018 a total of 8 patients with confirmed somatic KRASG12R mutations and a median age of 61.5 years were treated with selumetinib. Seven out of eight (87.5%) had received two or more lines of prior systemic chemotherapy. After a median follow-up period of 8.5 months (range 2 to 20), three patients had stable disease for more than 6 months while receiving selumetinib. No patients achieved an objective partial response. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.0 months (95% CI, 0.8–8.2) and median overall survival (OS) 9 months (95% CI, 2.5–20.9). Conclusion This study in heavily pre-treated pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients suggests alternative strategies beyond single agent MEK inhibition are required for this unique, molecular subset of pancreatic cancer patients. The trial was registered on February 2nd, 2017 under identifier NCT03040986 with ClinicalTrials.gov.
Genetic diversity of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter africanus’ in South Africa based on microsatellite markers
Authors: Roberts Ronel , Lin Hong , Pietersen Gerhard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCitrus Greening disease (CG) in South Africa (SA) is associated with the fastidious bacterium ‘CandidatusLiberibacter africanus’ (Laf). It has been observed that Laf isolates obtained from different geographic localities in SA differed in the rate of transmission during grafting experiments leading to the hypothesis that genetic variation of Laf may exist in this country. To determine this, 167 Laf isolates obtained from Limpopo, North West, Mpumalanga and the Western Cape were subjected to microsatellite analyses, using four polymorphic markers. From UPGMA and STRUCTURE analysis, it was shown that most sources belong to one of two major genetic groups of Laf and these comprise 25 distinct haplotypes. Four samples included within this study did not group with these two major groups, suggesting a potential third and fourth genetic group of Laf being present, which can be validated by further sampling. Results further indicate that Laf populations in SA are formed by geographic locality. The high genetic diversity observed for Laf within this study is consistent with the hypothesis that Laf originated on the African continent, warranting further genetic analysis of Laf populations from Africa. This is the first study to unveil the genetic diversity of Laf.
Vertical turbulent nitrate flux from direct measurements in the western subarctic and subtropical gyres of the North Pacific
Authors: Kaneko Hitoshi , Yasuda Ichiro , Itoh Sachihiko , Ito Shin-ichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVertical turbulent nitrate fluxes were estimated in the western North Pacific from direct measurements of vertical turbulent mixing and vertically continuous nitrate profiles during the summer of 2008. We made three north–south transects that covered the area from the subarctic to the subtropics including a section along the Emperor Sea Mounts. Subsurface fluxes generally showed an increasing trend with increasing vertical gradient of nitrate from oligotrophic subtropical to non-oligotrophic subarctic waters. Enhanced fluxes [O(10−6) mmol m−2 s−1] due to elevated mixing [vertical diffusivity: O(10−5) m2 s−1] were observed, especially over the Emperor Sea Mounts. It is suggested that the internal tide generated by the topography enhanced the vertical mixing. In other subarctic areas, the fluxes were estimated as O(10−7) mmol m−2 s−1. The same order of fluxes was also found in the frontal area between the subarctic and subtropical gyres, the Kuroshio–Oyashio Transition Area. Enhancement of fluxes in the frontal area, including the Kuroshio Extension, was also observed at mid-depth regions, and their vertical divergence suggested nitrate transport from North Pacific Intermediate Water to lighter densities. In the frontal areas, the enhancement of turbulence is caused by the surface wind rather than the internal tide. In contrast, in the subtropical regions, subsurface fluxes were estimated as O(10−8) mmol m−2 s−1 owing to the small nitrate gradient even where diffusivity was enhanced. In these regions, enhancement of diffusivity, including that at mid-depths, corresponded to the elevation of the internal-tide dissipation, in addition to that of surface turbulence.
Indoor radon levels in Hungarian kindergartens
Authors: Csordás Anita , Szabó Katalin Zsuzsanna , Sas Zoltán , Kocsis Erika , Kovács Tibor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnnual average indoor radon activity concentration was studied in 88 Hungarian kindergartens in 76 towns of 10 different counties. Annual average indoor radon activity concentration in the kindergartens was 61 Bq m− 3, maximum was 160 Bq m− 3. In the kindergartens the seasonal variation of radon is not so strong like in dwellings, because of the permanent ventilation and the closed period during the summer break.
Hypervolume scalarization for shape optimization to improve reliability and cost of ceramic components
Authors: Schultes Johanna , Stiglmayr Michael , Klamroth Kathrin , Hahn Camilla 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn engineering applications one often has to trade-off among several objectives as, for example, the mechanical stability of a component, its efficiency, its weight and its cost. We consider a biobjective shape optimization problem maximizing the mechanical stability of a ceramic component under tensile load while minimizing its volume. Stability is thereby modeled using a Weibull-type formulation of the probability of failure under external loads. The PDE formulation of the mechanical state equation is discretized by a finite element method on a regular grid. To solve the discretized biobjective shape optimization problem we suggest a hypervolume scalarization, with which also unsupported efficient solutions can be determined without adding constraints to the problem formulation. FurthIn this section, general properties of the hypervolumeermore, maximizing the dominated hypervolume supports the decision maker in identifying compromise solutions. We investigate the relation of the hypervolume scalarization to the weighted sum scalarization and to direct multiobjective descent methods. Since gradient information can be efficiently obtained by solving the adjoint equation, the scalarized problem can be solved by a gradient ascent algorithm. We evaluate our approach on a 2 D test case representing a straight joint under tensile load.
The development of risk aversion and prudence in Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Heinrich Timo , Shachat Jason 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study experimentally evaluates the risk preferences of children and adolescents living in an urban Chinese environment. We use a simple binary choice task that tests risk aversion, as well as prudence. This is the first test for prudence in children and adolescents. Our results reveal that subjects from grades 5 to 11 (10 to 17 years) make mostly risk-averse and prudent choices. The choices of 3rd graders (8 to 9 years) do not differ statistically from risk neutral benchmarks, but at the same time they make mostly prudent choices. We also find evidence for a transmission of risk preferences. There is positive correlation between all children’s and their parents’ tendency to make risk-averse choices. There is also positive correlation between girls’ and their parents’ tendency to make prudent choices.
Review of recent developments in manufacturing lightweight multi-metal gears
Authors: Politis Denis J. , Politis Nicholas J. , Lin Jianguo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a review of recent developments in the manufacturing of lightweight multi-metal components, and in particular gears. The literature has shown that significant efforts have been made in manufacturing light gears and numerous technical challenges exist when designing for and manufacturing with dissimilar metals including challenges in heating technologies, mechanical performance, processing parameters, metal compatibility and the interface layer between adjacent materials, as well as difficulties in multi-metal simulations. Whilst the scope of multi-metal manufacturing is vast, the main concentration of this study is on the main stages of multi-metal gear production, and specifically on preform production, multi-metal heating, intermetallic bonding, and modelling of essential forming parameters. The effects of each of these methods as well as the numerous approaches studied in the literature are presented, with a recommendation being made as to a processing route that may lead to a robust multi-metal gear with minimal production line modifications to conventional steel gears.