bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of β-hydroxybutyrate on cognition in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jensen Nicole Jacqueline , Nilsson Malin , Ingerslev Jonas Schultz , Olsen Dorte Aalund , Fenger Mogens , Svart Mads , Møller Niels , Zander Mette , Miskowiak Kamilla Woznica , Rungby Jørgen 
Published: December 2019

Objective
Cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes is associated with cerebral glucose hypometabolism. Providing a glucose substitute such as ketone bodies might restore metabolic balance in glucose-compromised neurones and improve cognitive performance. We aimed to investigate if β-hydroxybutyrate (ketone body) infusion acutely affects cognitive performance, measured by a neuropsychological test battery, in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Design
Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over trial.

Methods
Eighteen patients with type 2 diabetes received i.v. ketone body (β-hydroxybutyrate) and placebo (saline) infusion in a randomised order on two separate occasions. On both days of examination, blood glucose was clamped at 7.5 mmol/L and a neuropsychological test battery was used to assess global cognitive performance (primary outcome) and specialized cognitive measures of verbal memory, working memory, executive function, psychomotor speed, and sustained attention.

Results
During neurocognitive testing, β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were 2.4 vs 0.1 mmol/L. Working memory assessed by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale letter-number-sequencing significantly improved by 1.6 points (95% CI: 0.7, 2.4; non-adjusted P < 0.001) corresponding to a 17% increase in performance during ketone infusion compared to placebo. There was no change for global cognitive performance or any other cognitive measure after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Blood concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate and glycaemic status did not associate with test performance; however, insulin resistance measured by HOMA was related to improved working memory performance during ketone infusion (β = 4%; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.7; P = 0.012).

Conclusions
Ketone infusion specifically improved working memory performance in patients with type 2 diabetes in the absence of changes in global cognition.
Notas sobre la escritura escolar como efecto de verdad sobre el sujeto o como gesto en la relación con el saber
Authors: Cartolari Manuela , Zambrano Jusmeidy 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 18 de setiembre de 2012 • Corregido 20 de febrero de 2013 • Aceptado 13 de marzo de 2013En este ensayo se analizan presupuestos ético-filosóficos subyacentes a cómo se conciben las escrituras de los alumnos en el ámbito educativo en relación con la subjetividad y el saber. La noción de poder desarrollada por Foucault se vincula a lo escrito en tanto “efecto de verdad” sobre el sujeto y a la concepción reificada de su escritura, entendida como superficie especular del pensamiento. A ello se contrapone el carácter de espaciamiento entre el sí mismo y el signo que implica escribir, espaciamiento en el que Derrida señala que la subjetividad se origina en el sentido producido por la diferencia. Finalmente, se propone pensar la escritura como gesto en la dirección que plantea Agamben, puesto que al sustraerse de la lógica de los medios y los fines, el gesto se pone de manifiesto en la escritura como la comunicabilidad de una comunicabilidad y pura potencia de pensar, es decir, como acontecimiento. Si al escribir un alumno es convocado a producir sentido no solo sobre un conocimiento “puntual”, sino sobre su propio ser-en-el-lenguaje como sujeto histórico y deseante, la escritura se asume como gesto hacia el saber y, por tanto, emerge en contrapartida la dimensión ético-política acerca de cómo comprendemos, evaluamos y respondemos a sus escritos.
La intervención pedagógica como un reto de la formación universitaria: Hacia una práctica profesional articulada
Authors: Quesada Vargas Erick José de Padua 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 21 de marzo de 2013 • Corregido 28 de abril de 2013 • Aceptado 29 de abril de 2013A continuación se aborda la importancia que tiene el proceso de intervención pedagógica que realizan los estudiantes y las estudiantes de la carrera de educación. Este proceso se puede considerar como médula espinal de la confrontación dialógica entre la teoría y la práctica. El principal objetivo es generar un análisis para reflexionar acerca de las verdaderas intencionalidades gestadas no solo desde cada curso universitario sino, además, valorar la creación de una propuesta articulada que se vea enriquecida e interrelacionada desde cada nivel académico. La principal intencionalidad es enriquecer la formación universitaria partiendo del planteamiento de interrogantes que permitan valorar de qué manera se articula el proceso, no solo desde la coordinación entre los cursos de cada periodo, sino también en la relación que debe existir en la construcción de un mayor dominio conceptual, práctico y actitudinal que se vaya gestando de manera graduada y secuencial. Se busca construir una alternativa de desarrollo que parta de la coordinación estrechamente secuenciada y enlazada de los procesos formativos.
Interleukin 28 Polymorphisms and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development after Direct Acting Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Simili Angelo , Mazzella Giuseppe , Ravaioli Federico , Festi Davide , Bacchi-Reggiani Maria Letizia , Porro Alberto , Bazzoli Franco , Azzaroli Francesco 
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims: Cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remain at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) even after the sustained virologic response (SVR). We aimed to evaluate whether the IL28 (rs12979860) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) may constitute a predisposing genetic factor and to identify the SVR patients at risk of HCC.
Methods: Two hundred patients undergoing DAAs treatment for chronic hepatitis C with advanced fibrosis (F3- F4) were consecutively enrolled. Besides normal routine laboratory testing for HCV, patients’ sera were evaluated also for retinol, retinol-binding protein 4 and the following SNPs: PNPLA3 (rs738409), TM6SF2 (rs58542926), MBOAT7 (rs641738), IL28B (rs12979860), TIMP-1 (rs4898), TIMP-2 (rs8179090), NF-kB promoter (rs28362491). Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata/SE 14.2 statistical software (Stata Corp, College Station, TX).
Results: Almost all patients (197/200) obtained SVR24. Seventeen patients had a previous history of treated HCC before DAAs. Six patients developed HCC recurrence and five patients developed de novo HCC after a mean period of 18 months since EOT. All these patients had SVR. A significant association between IL28B – TT genotype and HCC development after DAAs therapy was observed (OR 4.728, CI 95% 1.222 – 18.297, p=0.024).
Conclusion: IL28B rs12979860 polymorphism was significantly associated with HCC development after DAAs. Assessment of this SNP may better identify patients at risk of developing HCC after treatment. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these hypotheses.
Cardiac Arrhythmias and Electrocardiogram Modifications in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. A Systematic Review
Authors: Ismaiel Abdulrahman , Colosi Horaţiu A. , Rusu Flaviu , Dumitrașcu Dan L. 
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims: Recent studies have evaluated the relationship associating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with several electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, but the results have been inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the association between NAFLD with ECG modifications.
Methods: We conducted a systematic search on PubMed with predefined keywords identifying observational studies published till 22 February 2019 with NAFLD diagnosed either by biopsy, imaging, surrogate markers or ICD code and ECG findings by either a standard ECG, 24-hour Holter ECG or ICD code. Quality assessment was performed using the quality assessment tools from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
Results: A total of 20 observational studies (1 case-control, 4 cohort, 15 cross-sectional studies, 401,745 individuals) were included. Twelve studies evaluated cardiac arrhythmias in NAFLD subjects, out of which 10 evaluated atrial fibrillation (AF). Although results were inconsistent, most studies rated as “good” demonstrated that hepatic steatosis was independently associated with an increased risk for prevalent AF in NAFLD patients. Diabetic patients with NAFLD were associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias in only one study rated as “good”. Two studies rated as “good” demonstrated that hepatic steatosis was associated with a prolonged QTc interval. Four studies supported the association between cardiac conduction abnormalities and NAFLD, out of which two were rated as “good”. Two studies assessed ECG modifications of ischemic heart disease (IHD), but only one having a “good” rating confirmed this independent association.
Conclusions: Studies of high quality and with low risk of bias demonstrated that NAFLD is independently associated with AF, a prolonged QTc interval, bundle branch and atrioventricular blocks. Diabetic patients with NAFLD present an increased risk for developing ventricular arrhythmias.
A bronze figurine of Minerva discovered at Apulum
Authors: Ota Radu , Bolog Adrian Cosmin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The authors discuss herein, and present the specialists, a recent find related to the classical Graeco-Roman pantheon. It is a bronze figurine of Minerva discovered in a waste pit from the southern cemetery of the urban centre at Apulum, located on the Furcilor Hill-“Podei”. Although archaeology records no workshop making such pieces, this figurine, rather modest in artistic terms, had likely been produced at Apulum or in one of the workshops from the Roman province of Dacia. It is a solid cast, in the “lost-form” technique, sized as follows: height – 7.2 cm, width – 1.9 cm, thickness – 0.9 cm. On the basis of its execution, which lacks accurate rendering of facial features, yet also the absent Gorgon on the aegis, the votive figurine may be dated to the 3rd century AD. Since it was not discovered in a grave, but in a waste pit, it is rather difficult to make a connection with any possible funerary function of the goddess. The ancient prototype of this kind of representation is the cult statue of Athena Parthenos of Phidias, housed on the Acropolis of Athens. The other six bronze votive figurines of Minerva discovered in Dacia do not resemble that discussed here.
A practical creep model for concrete elements under eccentric compression
Authors: Huang Haidong , Garcia Reyes , Huang Shan-Shan , Guadagnini Maurizio , Pilakoutas Kypros 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany prestressed concrete bridges are reported to suffer from excessive vertical deflections and cracking during their service life. Creep softens the structure significantly, and therefore an accurate prediction of creep is necessary to determine long-term deflections in elements under eccentric axial compression such as prestressed concrete girders. This study proposes a modification to the creep damage model of Model Code 2010 to account for the effect of load eccentricity. The modified creep model considers damage due to differential drying shrinkage. Initially, the creep behaviour of small scale concrete specimens under eccentric compression load is investigated experimentally. Twelve small-scale concrete prisms were subjected to eccentric axial loading to assess their shrinkage and creep behaviour. The main parameters investigated include the load eccentricity and exposure conditions. Based on the experimental results, an inverse analysis is conducted to determine the main parameters of the modified creep model. Subsequently, a numerical hygro-mechanical simulation is carried out to examine the effect of load eccentricity on the development of shrinkage and creep, and on the interaction between drying, damage and creep. The results indicate that eccentric loading leads to different tensile and compressive creep through the cross section, which contradicts the current design approach that assumes that tensile and compressive creep are identical. The proposed model also predicts accurately the long-term behaviour of tests on reinforced concrete elements available in the literature. This study contributes towards further understanding of the long-term behaviour of concrete structures, and towards the development of advanced creep models for the design/assessment of concrete structures.
El tratamiento informativo de la guerra híbrida de Rusia
Authors: Miguel-Gil Javier 
Published: December 2019

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el tratamiento informativo que los medios de comunicación han realizado de las campañas de desinformación rusa en un supuesto contexto de guerra híbrida. A partir de noticias de los principales medios de comunicación que informaron sobre el tema, el análisis se centra en el uso del concepto de guerra híbrida y lo compara con su concepción tradicional estratégica, para determinar si las actividades en cuestión pueden inscribirse en este tipo de conflictos.
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to analyze the treatment that the mass media have given to Russian disinformation campaigns in a supposed context of hybrid war. The exposition of news from the main mass media allows to focus the analysis on the concept of hybrid war, and to compare it with its traditional strategic conception, to determine if the activities in question can be classified into this kind of conflicts.
SPOR ENDÜSTRİSİNDE MÜŞTERİ BAĞLILIĞI: SPOR AYAKKABISI PAZARINA YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: BİRİCİK Yunus Sinan 
Published: December 2019

Alıcının sürekli olarak belirli bir malı satın alması veya aynı satış yerinden alışverişi tercih etmesi müşteri bağlılığıdır. Spor ekonomisi içerisinde yer alan ve sportif amacının yanı sıra günlük yaşam içerisinde de yaygın olarak kullanılan spor ayakkabıları büyük bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Spor ayakkabı sektöründe yaşanan gelişmeler, teknoloji, yeni ürünler, kalite, uygun fiyat gibi etmenler spor pazarında yaşanan rekabetin daha da artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu açıdan spor endüstrisi içerisinde bulunan işletmeler için müşteri bağlılığının ölçülmesi ve elde edilen bulguların müşteri bağlılığı açısından yorumlanabilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, üniversite öğrencilerinin spor ayakkabısı tercihlerine yönelik müşteri bağlılıkları ölçülmüştür. Keiningham vd. (2015) tarafından geliştirilmiş ve Türkçe’ye uyarlaması Bektaş ve Aydın (2018) tarafından yapılmış Müşteri Bağlılığı Ölçeği (MBÖ) ile araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, Atatürk Üniversitesi’nde 2017-2018 bahar yarıyılında öğrenim gören lisans düzeyindeki 410 kadın, 452 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 862 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların demografik özelliklerini belirlemek için frekans analizi; cinsiyet değişkeni için bağımsız gruplarda t-testi uygulanmıştır. Sınıf, yaş, aylık gelir düzeyi ve spor ayakkabısını değiştirme sıklığı durumlarına göre müşteri bağlılık düzeylerinin karşılaştırılmasında Tek Yönlü Varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve gruplar arasındaki farkın kaynağını belirlemek için de Tukey testi uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda kadın öğrencilerin, erkek öğrencilere oranla duygusal bağlılık alt boyutunda daha yüksek müşteri bağlılığına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, erkek öğrencilerin kadın öğrencilere oranla ekonomik bağlılık ve zoraki bağlılık alt boyutunda daha yüksek müşteri bağlılığına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Evaluation of the state of tubular epithelium in low birth weight infants with ischemic ­nephropathy
Authors: Akhundova A A 
Published: December 2019

Aim. The study of the diagnostic value of KIM-1 and NGAL in urine and cystatin C in the blood plasma of low birth weight infants with ischemic nephropathy.
Methods. 150 newborns were divided into 3 groups: main group 72 low birth weight infants with manifestations of ischemic nephropathy divided into three subgroups: group 1A mild (n=36), 1B moderate (n=20), 1C severe (n=16); comparioson group 28 low birth weight infants without the evidence of ischemic nephropathy; control group 50 healthy newborns (20 full-term and 30 preterm).To assess the state of tubular epithelium of the kidneys, the levels of KIM-1 and NGAL were measured in the urine of neonates, to assess the state of glomerular filtration the level of сystatin C in the blood plasma was determined. Samples of blood and urine were collected twice, on days 1 to 3 and 7 to 10. Biomarker levels were determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay.
Results. In the main group on day 1 to 3 of life KIM-1 and NGAL in the urine were significantly elevated compared to the control group (p 0.001). On day 7 to 10 the level of KIM-1 in the urine in subgroup 1A decreased (0.980.09 ng/dl), while remaining significantly higher compared to the control group, and in subgroups 1B and 1C it increased to 1.240.10 and 1.360.12 ng/dl, respectively. On day 7 to 10 of life the concentration of NGAL in the urine of children of all three subgroups declined, remaining significantly high compared to the control values. Сoncentration of cystatin C was significantly high only in newborns of subgroup 1C (p 0.001).
Conclusion. Molecules of NGAL and KIM-1 are early markers of the renal ischemic injury in low birth weight infants who suffered perinatal hypoxia, and cystatin C cannot be considered an early predictor of renal damage in low birth weight infants with ischemic nephropathy as its level in the blood rises only in severe damage.
Prognostic analysis of epidemiological indicators of the breast cancer among women in the Udmurt Republic
Authors: Batov S V , Napol'skikh V M , Svirin N A , Tchurakov I V , Batova I I , Yushkova O N 
Published: December 2019

Aim. To study a number of epidemiological indicators of a breast cancer in the Udmurt Republic for their assessment and prediction of dynamics.
Methods. A retrospective analysis of data on a breast cancer of the population cancer register of the Udmurt Republic was performed in comparison with the corresponding statistics in the Russian Federation in 2017. For assessment of the received results the software BIOSTAT 4.3 was used. The forecast of epidemiological intensive indicators was calculated by methods of linear and polynomial trends.
Results. The ratio of breast cancer (17.8% in 2017) among the female population of the Republic was the highest among all malignant tumors. In 2017 the crude indicator of breast cancer morbidity equaled 69.80 per 100 000, and standardized one 40.50 per 100 000. The standardized indicator of breast cancer incidence in Udmurtia was one of the lowest in Russia (77th rank place among 85 territorial entities). Crude mortality rate was 19.10 per 100 000, and standardized one 10.00 per 100 000 (82nd rank place in the Russian Federation). The ratio of the patients actively revealed (among registered numbre) was 45.8% (the average Russian value, 38.7%). Early diagnostics of tumor was carried out in 71.6% of patients, stage 1 of the disease was revealed in 34.3% of cases (in the Russian Federation average data, 69.9% and 26.0%, respectively). Forecasting till 2022 shows a trend of further growth of detectability of malignant tumors of breast at early stages among female population in the Udmurt Republic. Lethality of patients during the first year from the moment of diagnosis was 5.4% (the average Russian indicator, 6.0%).
Conclusion. Morbidity and mortality rates of breast cancer in the Udmurt Republic in 2017 were lower than the average Russian indicators, and the statistical analysis does not show a negative trend till 2022.
Left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chandey Manish , Kamboj Robin , Sikri Tejinder , Kaur Nivenjit 
Published: December 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is on the increase globally. Cardiovascular complications, such as left ventricular dysfunction is a major cause of death in patients with type II DM. Prior to the development of symptomatic heart failure, subclinical left ventricular dysfunction (systolic and diastolic) may exist for some time. Aim of this study is to find out abnormalities in left ventricular function in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with help of 2D Colour Doppler Echocardiography. To find its correlation with glycemic control on the basis of glycosylated haemoglobin (Hba1c).Methods: Total 100 Patients of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of duration more than 10 years of both sexes were included in the cross-sectional study conducted from Jan 2018 to Aug 2019.All the patients were assessed through clinical examination and 2-D echocardiography and control of diabetes determined on the basis of HbA1c.Results: Study consisted of 100 patients with type 2 DM, 55(55%) were females and 45(45%) males. Majority of patients were in the age group of 4th to 6th decade of life. Diastolic dysfunction was present in 81(81%) patients. systolic dysfunction was present in 14(14%) patients. There was a linear increase in prevalence of diastolic dysfunction with increasing age, increased FPG, increased BMI. There was also significant correlation between LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and LA size. While no statistical correlation found between gender, duration of diabetes, HbA1c with diastolic and systolic dysfunction.Conclusions: LV diastolic dysfunction is an early manifestation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. LVDD contributes significantly to morbidity of congestive heart failure in diabetic patients. Echocardiography is a very useful non-invasive tool in detecting LVDD and systolic dysfunction in type 2 DM patients.
The Validation process of a new MSc Programme in Rail Freight and Logistics
Authors: Rizzetto Luca , Ricci Stefano , Marinov Marin , Fraszczyk Anna 
Published: December 2019

The objective of this paper is to describe the Validation process of a new MSc Programme in railway transport and logistics which has been designed within the RiFLE project. RiFLE stands for Rail Freight and Logistics Curriculum Development and is funded by the Erasmus programme of the European Commission. The innovative idea of RiFLE is that the courses developed will run in the participating institutions, and they will be compatible to allow the students to attend some of their modules in the other universities. Moreover the possibility of a joint programme and degree is currently under evaluation. In particular RiFLE developed 26 rail freight and logistics Subjects combined in four Curricula, each of them corresponds to the perspective of a student entering the Programme from one of the four participating Institutions. The Validation process of the four Curricula has been carried out against both the European Educational Standards for Mscs and Industry requirements, implementing a stepwise methodology. Validation against Standards has been performed developing an extensive overview of the existing educational standards for Master programmes in Europe and the guidelines on how to meet them. Validation against Industry requirements has been achieved through a Workshop, during which over 30 external experts of Academic Institutions and Companies active in the Rail and Logistic sectors expressed their judgment on the RiFLE Programme and gave suggestions for improvements.

Keywords: Rail Freight and Logistics; Higher Education; Innovation; Survey; State of the Art.