bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exact test for comparing two predictive values in small‐size clinical trials
Authors: Takahashi Kanae , Yamamoto Kouji 
Published: October 2019

Positive and negative predictive values describe the performance of a diagnostic test. There are several methods to test the equality of predictive values in paired designs. However, these methods were premised on large sample theory, and they may not be suitable for small‐size clinical trials because of inflation of the type 1 error rate. In this study, we propose an exact test to control the type 1 error rate strictly for conducting a small‐size clinical trial that investigates the equality of predictive values in paired designs. In addition, we execute simulation studies to evaluate the performance of the proposed exact test and existing methods in small‐size clinical trials. The proposed test can calculate the exact P value, and as a result of simulations, the empirical type 1 error rate for the proposed test did not exceed the significance level regardless of the setting, and the empirical power for the proposed test is not much different from the other methods based on large‐sample theory. Therefore, it is considered that the proposed exact test is useful when the type 1 error rate needs to be controlled strictly.
Passive blockholders, informational efficiency of prices, and firm value
Authors: Chung Kee H. , Lee Choonsik , Shen Carl Hsin‐han 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes the role of passive blockholders in corporate governance using data on Schedule 13G filings. We show that firm value increases with the number and aggregate ownership of passive blockholders after controlling for other possible determinants of firm value. More importantly, we show that the informational efficiency of prices (IEP) increases with the number and aggregate ownership of passive blockholders, and IEP is a channel through which passive blockholders affect firm value. Overall, our results suggest that managers perform better when stock prices reflect the economic consequences of their actions promptly and accurately through information‐based trading of blockholders.
Nested saturation control of multiple vector integrators and its application to motion control of UAVs
Authors: Xie Hui , Veitch Darryl 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis paper presents two nested input saturation control schemes for a special class of multiple vector integrators with bounded additive disturbances. The considered systems originate from the motion control of rotary‐wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The first scheme is based on a feedforward form, which requires state transformation and can be applied to stabilize arbitrary order vector integrator systems. The second scheme is constructed with original state variables using a new approach, applied here to double vector integrator systems. The capability of handling external disturbance using the two schemes is also analyzed. The two schemes are applied to design motion controllers for rotary‐wing UAVs and simulation results are provided to show the performances of two controllers.
A novel redesign framework to extend the application scope of a class of disturbance‐rejection algorithms
Authors: Yang Hao , Pei Hailong 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a novel redesign method is developed for a class of disturbance‐rejection algorithms so that they can be applied to pure‐feedback nonaffine‐in‐control nonlinear systems with matched and mismatched disturbances. First, a series of augmented dynamical equations, which evolve faster than the original system, are constructed to establish a boundary‐layer subsystem to derive the virtual and actual inputs for the nominal system. Then, the composite interconnected system is studied in the standard singular perturbed form. In the slow timescale, the reduced slow subsystem (RSS) is transformed into the chain of integrators form in the error coordinate, for which the existing antidisturbance methods can be employed. The tracking performance of the closed‐loop system is approximated by RSS under singular perturbation theory. The proposed redesign method is adopted to three existing disturbance‐rejection algorithms for a pure‐feedback nonaffine‐in‐control numerical example in the presence of matched and mismatched disturbances. The effectiveness is demonstrated by simulation experimental results.
Design method for checking tensile stresses under service loads in cracked prestressed concrete members with 2,400‐MPa strands
Authors: Joo Hyo‐Eun , Han Sun‐Jin , Lee Deuckhang , Ju Hyunjin , Seo Soo‐Yeon , Kim Kang Su 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe ACI 318‐14 building code requirements specify that the net tensile stresses of prestressing strands under service loads (Δfps) shall be limited to 250 MPa for proper crack control of prestressed concrete (PC) members which are classified as Class C. However, as high‐strength prestressing strands with a tensile strength of 2,400 MPa have recently been developed and applied to PC members, this requirement needs to be reviewed. In this study, experiments and analysis were carried out in order to investigate the Δfps of PC members with the recently developed 2400 MPa strands, and in the test, the strain distributions, flexural crack widths, and stress change in bonded prestressed reinforcement were measured in detail according to the applied loads. In addition, the minimum magnitudes of effective prestress to satisfy the stress limitation of the net tensile stress of prestressing strands specified in the current design code were estimated using a nonlinear flexural analysis model, and a simplified design equation was proposed for a simple calculation of the Δfps at the design stage.
Design and Development of Highly Efficient Light‐Emitting Layers in OLEDs with Dimesitylboranes: An Updated Review
Authors: Huo Jinnan , Wang Hongbo , Li Shuhui , Shi Heping , Tang Youhong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith excellent luminescent properties and transport properties, triarylborane compounds containing two mesitylenes (Mes) have gained much attention for their application in OLEDs as light‐emitting layers. This study serves as an updated review summarizing recent developments in the design of fluorescent chromophores and phosphorescent host materials for OLEDs comprising small molecular compounds of dimesitylborane (BMes2) as luminescent layers, with attention to the performance of different light‐emitting devices. Problems that need to be solved in the research and application of BMes2 in OLEDs are presented and the application prospects of such materials are suggested.
Removal of disinfection by‐products and their precursors during drinking water treatment processes
Authors: Lin Qiufeng , Dong Feilong , Miao Yunxia , Li Cong , Fei Weicheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the control efficiency of a wide variety of disinfection by‐products (DBPs) (including trihalomethanes [THMs], haloacetic acids [HAAs], haloacetonitiles [HANs], haloketones [HKs], haloaldehydes [Has], and trihalonitromethanes [THNMs]) with different drinking water treatment processes including pre‐ozonation, coagulation–sedimentation, sand filtration, and ozone combined with biological activated carbon (O3‐BAC) advanced treatment processes. The assessment of the treatment efficiency regarding the removal of organic matter was measured by the excitation emission matrix (EEM) spectra. There was a superior efficiency in reducing the formation of DBPs and their precursors by different drinking water treatment processes. Though some DBPs such as THMs could be promoted by ozonation, these by‐products from ozonation could be degraded by the following BAC filtration process. In addition, the organic matter from the aromaticity, fulvic acid‐like, protein, and soluble microbial by‐products‐like regions could be further degraded by the O3‐BAC treatment.Practitioner points

A wide variety of DBPs in different drinking water treatment processes was investigated.

The treatment efficiency regarding the removal of organic matter was measured.

Some DBPs such as THMs and HAAs could be increased by ozonation.

The removal percentage of nitrogen precursors and organic carbon would be increased by BAC filtration.
High‐resolution wavelength‐dispersive spectroscopy of K‐shell transitions in hydrogen‐like gold
Authors: Gassner T. , Gumberidze A. , Trassinelli M. , Heß R. , Spillmann U. , Banaś D. , Blumenhagen K.‐H. , Bosch F. , Brandau C. , Chen W. , Dimopoulou Chr. , Förster E. , Grisenti R.E. , Hagmann S. , Hillenbrand P.‐M. , Indelicato P. , Jagodzinski P. , Kämpfer T. , Lestinsky M. , Liesen D. , Litvinov Yu.A. , Loetzsch R. , Manil B. , Märtin R. , Nolden F. , Petridis N. , Sanjari M.S. , Schulze K.S. , Schwemlein M. , Simionovici A. , Steck M. , Stöhlker Th. , Szabo C.I. , Trotsenko S. , Uschmann I. , Weber G. , Wehrhan O. , Winckler N. , Winters D.F.A. , Winters N. , Ziegler E. , Beyer H.F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a measurement of K‐shell transitions in H‐like gold (Au78+) using specially developed transmission type crystal spectrometers combined with Ge(i) microstrip detectors. The experiment has been carried out at the Experimental Storage Ring at GSI in Darmstadt. This is a first high‐resolution wavelength‐dispersive measurement of a K‐shell transition in a high‐Z H‐like ion, thus representing an important milestone in this field. Ideas on possible future improvements are discussed as well.
Teachers’ Memories and the Cold War: Introduction to Part II
Authors: Thorp Robert , Christophe Barbara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn their introduction to this second section of the volume, Robert Thorp and Barbara Christophe address the complex and interesting question of how history teachers’ personal memories and experiences of the past interact with their perceptions of historical events and a broader historical culture. They introduce the following chapters, revealing how different elements provide a rich and challenging field for research into memory practices and history education. History, they show, thus becomes a complex enterprise between serious academic study, personal memories, and broader cultural and ideological aspects of the past.
Learning from Others: Considerations within History Didactics on Introducing the Cold War in Lessons in Germany, Sweden and Switzerland
Authors: Gautschi Peter , Utz Hans 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, Peter Gautschi and Hans Utz compare introductory lessons on the topic of the Cold War from four different areas: former East and West Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. Using quantitative data analysis and recent theory, they explore to what extent students are put in the focus in these lessons, prompting teachers to reflect on their own pedagogic approaches, the success of presenting, dialogue-oriented, task-based and discovery teaching, and the importance of student-led learning, which encourages students to see the relevance of historical events and historical thinking to their own lives. They encourage teachers to allow students to formulate their own value judgements and reflect on economic, social and cultural aspects of the period and formulate alternative methods for teaching history.
On mirror maps for manifolds of exceptional holonomy
Authors: Braun Andreas P. , Majumder Suvajit , Otto Alexander 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study mirror symmetry of type II strings on manifolds with the exceptional holonomy groupsG2and Spin(7). Our central result is a construction of mirrors of Spin(7) manifolds realized as generalized connected sums. In parallel to twisted connected sumG2manifolds, mirrors of such Spin(7) manifolds can be found by applying mirror symmetry to the pair of non-compact manifolds they are glued from. To provide non-trivial checks for such geometric mirror constructions, we give a CFT analysis of mirror maps for Joyce orbifolds in several new instances for both the Spin(7) and theG2case. For all of these models we find possible assignments of discrete torsion phases, work out the action of mirror symmetry, and confirm the consistency with the geometrical construction. A novel feature appearing in the examples we analyse is the possibility of frozen singularities.
Etablierung der § 64 LFGB Arbeitsgruppen „NGS – Bakteriencharakterisierung“ und „NGS – Speziesidentifizierung“
Authors: Szabo Kathrin , Malorny Burkhard , Stoyke Manfred 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Das Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) besitzt großes Potential im Bereich der Lebensmittelsicherheit und der Authentizitätsprüfung von Lebensmitteln. Die Gesamtgenomsequenzierung mikrobieller Genome kombiniert mit bioinformatischen Auswerteprogrammen ersetzt zunehmend die klassischen Typisierungsmethoden und gilt aufgrund ihres außerordentlichen Auflösungsvermögen mittlerweile als Methode der Wahl im Rahmen von Ausbruchsuntersuchungen. Zur Authentizitätskontrolle z. B. von Fleisch- und Fischproben finden NGS-Methoden als Metabarcoding immer häufiger Anwendung, um Täuschung und Irreführung bis hin zu Lebensmittelbetrug aufzudecken. Einige Untersuchungsbehörden verfügen bereits über die NGS-Technologie und setzen diese auch erfolgreich ein, weitere Einrichtungen werden folgen. Um den mit der Lebensmittelüberwachung betrauten Behörden validierte, leistungsfähige und standardisierte NGS-Methoden zur Verfügung zu stellen, ist eine Aufnahme dieser Methoden in die „Amtliche Sammlung von Verfahren zur Probenahme und Untersuchung von Lebensmitteln“ (ASU) durch die Gründung zweier neuer § 64 LFGB Arbeitsgruppen mit unterschiedlichen thematischen Schwerpunkten vorgesehen. Die Arbeitsgruppe „NGS – Bakteriencharakterisierung“ bearbeitet NGS-Verfahren für die Sequenzierung bakterieller Erreger im Rahmen von Ausbruchsuntersuchungen. Die Arbeitsgruppe „NGS – Speziesidentifizierung“ beschäftigt sich mit NGS-Methoden zur Tierartendifferenzierung in Lebensmitteln. Am 6. März 2019 fand das erste Treffen der Arbeitsgruppe „NGS – Speziesidentifizierung“ und am folgenden Tag, dem 7. März 2019 das der Arbeitsgruppe „NGS – Bakteriencharakterisierung“ auf Einladung des Bundesamts für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (BVL) in Berlin statt. Auf den Sitzungen wurden durch die Mitglieder der Gruppen NGS-Methoden zur Bakteriencharakterisierung bzw. zur Tierartendifferenzierung in Lebensmitteln vorgestellt. Anschließend diskutierten die Mitglieder die ersten thematischen Schwerpunkte der Methodenentwicklung, Validierungskonzepte, Qualitätskontrollmaßnahmen und den Einsatz dieser Methoden in der Lebensmittelüberwachung. Es wurde beschlossen, durch laborübergreifende Vorringversuche die Vergleichbarkeit der verschiedenen NGS-Technologien zu ermitteln sowie die entsprechenden Auswerteparameter, Qualitätskriterien und Validierungsparameter für eine laborübergreifende Validierungsstudie zu erarbeiten.
Maternal personality traits, antenatal depressive symptoms and the postpartum mother–infant relationship: a prospective observational study
Authors: Nath Selina , Pearson Rebecca M. , Moran Paul , Pawlby Susan , Molyneaux Emma , Howard Louise M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Maternal depression has been associated with bonding difficulties and lower maternal sensitivity in observed mother–infant interactions. However, little research has examined the impact of disordered personality traits in mothers on these outcomes. We investigated the association between disordered personality traits in mothers measured during pregnancy and postnatal (a) self-reported bonding with infant; (b) observational mother–infant interactions.

Methods
Five hundred fifty-six women were recruited during early pregnancy and subsequently followed up at mid-pregnancy (approximately 28 weeks’ gestation) and when infants were aged approximately 3 months (n = 459). During early pregnancy, data were collected on disordered personality traits (using the Standardised Assessment of Personality Abbreviated Scale) and depressive symptoms (using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). At 3 months postpartum, self-reported perceived bonding (using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire) were collected. A sub-sample of women additionally provided observational mother–infant interaction data (n = 206) (coded using the Child–Adult Relationship Experimental Index).

Results
Higher disordered personality traits was not associated with maternal perceptions of bonding impairment, but was associated with reduced maternal sensitivity during observational mother–infant interactions [adjusted for age, education, having older children, substance misuse prior to pregnancy, infant sex and gestational age: coefficient = − 0.28, 95% CI = − 0.56 to − 0.00, p < 0.05]. After adjusting for depressive symptoms, the association was attenuated [coefficient = − 0.19, 95% CI = − 0.48 to 0.11, p = 0.217].

Conclusions
Mothers with disordered personality traits did not perceive themselves as having bonding impairments with their infants but were less sensitive during observed interactions, though depressive symptoms attenuated this relationship. Both depression and disordered personality traits need to be addressed to optimize mother–infant interactions.
18F-AV1451 PET imaging and multimodal MRI changes in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Nicastro Nicolas , Rodriguez Patricia Vazquez , Malpetti Maura , Bevan-Jones William Richard , Simon Jones P. , Passamonti Luca , Aigbirhio Franklin I. , O’Brien John T. , Rowe James B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is characterized by deposition of straight filament tau aggregates in the grey matter (GM) of deep nuclei and cerebellum. We examined the relationship between tau pathology (assessed via 18F-AV1451 PET) and multimodal MRI imaging using GM volume, cortical thickness (CTh), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods
Twenty-three people with clinically probable PSP-Richardson’s syndrome (age 68.8 ± 5.8 years, 39% female) and 23 controls underwent structural 3 T brain MRI including DTI. Twenty-one patients also had 18F-AV1451 PET imaging. Voxelwise volume-based morphometry, surface-based morphometry, and DTI correlations were performed with 18F-AV1451 binding in typical PSP regions of interest (putamen, thalamus and dentate cerebellum). Clinical impairment was also assessed in relation to the different imaging modalities.

Results
PSP subjects showed GM volume loss in frontotemporal regions, basal ganglia, midbrain, and cerebellum (FDR-corrected p < 0.05), reduced CTh in the left entorhinal and fusiform gyrus (p < 0.001) as well as DTI changes in the corpus callosum, internal capsule, and superior longitudinal fasciculus (FWE-corrected p < 0.05). In PSP, higher 18F-AV1451 binding correlated with GM volume loss in frontal regions, DTI changes in motor tracts, and cortical thinning in parietooccipital areas. Cognitive impairment was related to decreased GM volume in frontotemporal regions, thalamus and pallidum, as well as DTI alteration in corpus callosum and cingulum.

Conclusion
This cross-sectional study demonstrates an association between in vivo proxy measures of tau pathology and grey and white matter degeneration in PSP. This adds to the present literature about the complex interplay between structural changes and protein deposition.
Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria from positive blood cultures using the Accelerate Pheno™ system
Authors: Ullberg Måns , Özenci Volkan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing remain a crucial step for early efficient therapy of bloodstream infections. Traditional methods require turnaround times of at least 2 days, while rapid procedures are often associated with extended hands-on time. The Accelerate Pheno™ System provides microbial identification results within 90 min and susceptibility data in approximately 7 h directly from positive blood cultures with only few minutes of hands-on time. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the performance of the Accelerate Pheno™ System in identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria directly from clinical blood culture samples. We analyzed 108 and 67 blood culture bottles using the Accelerate PhenoTest™ BC kit with software version v1.0 and the FDA-cleared version v1.2, respectively. Reliable identification was achieved for Enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci, and enterococci, with 76/80 (95%), 42/46 (91%), and 10/11 (91%) correct identifications. Limitations were observed in the identification of streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Antimicrobial susceptibility results for Enterobacteriaceae, for amikacin, ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam ranged between 86 and 100% categorical agreement. Using v1.2, results for ceftazidime showed 100% concordance with the reference method. For staphylococci, the overall performance reached 92% using v1.2. Qualitative tests for detection of methicillin or macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance caused major and very major errors for isolates. Overall, the present data show that the Accelerate Pheno™ system can, in combination with Gram stain, be used as a rapid complementation to standard microbial diagnosis of bloodstream infections.
Artificial neural networks based techniques for anomaly detection in Apache Spark
Authors: Alnafessah Ahmad , Casale Giuliano 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLate detection and manual resolutions of performance anomalies in Cloud Computing and Big Data systems may lead to performance violations and financial penalties. Motivated by this issue, we propose an artificial neural network based methodology for anomaly detection tailored to the Apache Spark in-memory processing platform. Apache Spark is widely adopted by industry because of its speed and generality, however there is still a shortage of comprehensive performance anomaly detection methods applicable to this platform. We propose an artificial neural networks driven methodology to quickly sift through Spark logs data and operating system monitoring metrics to accurately detect and classify anomalous behaviors based on the Spark resilient distributed dataset characteristics. The proposed method is evaluated against three popular machine learning algorithms, decision trees, nearest neighbor, and support vector machine, as well as against four variants that consider different monitoring datasets. The results prove that our proposed method outperforms other methods, typically achieving 98–99% F-scores, and offering much greater accuracy than alternative techniques to detect both the period in which anomalies occurred and their type.