bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maaltamuutto ja yhteiskunnan rakennemuutos. Vaikutukset liikuntaan ja urheiluun Turussa 1960-luvulla
Authors: Westerberg Jan 
Published: December 2024

Maaltamuutto on pitkäaikainen yhteiskunnallinen rakennemuutos, joka on muokannut suomalaista yhteiskuntaa voimakkaasti toisen maailmansodan jälkeisinä vuosikymmeninä. 1950-luvulta alkaen maatalousyhteiskunta teollistui nopeasti, mikä aiheutti erityisen voimakkaan maan sisäisen muuttoliikkeen. Maaltamuutolla ja rakennemuutoksella oli moninaisia vaikutuksia myös liikuntaan ja urheiluun. Tämä artikkeli tarkastelee näitä vaikutuksia 1960-luvun Turussa. Hyvinvointivaltion rakentaminen ja Suomen väestön uudelleenryhmittyminen maan kasvukeskuksiin muutti liikunnan, urheilun ja politiikan suhdetta. Muutos edesauttoi myös kilpa- ja kuntourheilun eriytymistä sekä ravisutti urheiluseurojen toimintaa; lajivalikoima laajeni ja kehitys kulki monilajisista yleisseuroista kohti yhteen lajiin keskittyviä erikoisseuroja. Turkua pidettiin 1960-luvulla jopa enemmän sivistys- ja kulttuurikaupunkina kuin urheilukaupunkina, mutta maan sisäinen muuttoliike edisti Turun profiilin nostoa nimenomaan urheilun puolella. Maalta kaupunkiin muuttaneet tavoittelivat uutta sosiaalista kiinnittymistä muun muassa liikunnan ja urheilun kautta. Kuntoliikunnan nousu, järjestöpolitiikan virtaukset ja kansainvälisen urheilumenestyksen arvottaminen olivat 1960-luvun keskeisiä teemoja, joiden kautta suomalainen liikunta ja urheilu tarkasteli omaa identiteettiään ja omia motiivejaan.
Rural flight is a long-term structural societal change that has been strongly shaping Finnish society in the decades succeeding World War II. Since the 1950s, the agricultural society began to undergo a rapid industrialisation process, which caused particularly intense internal migration in the country. This rural flight and structural change also had diverse impacts on physical activity and sports. This article examines these impacts in Turku in the 1960s. The construction of the welfare state and the rearrangement of Finland’s population into the country’s growth centres changed the relationship between physical activity, sports and politics. This change also accelerated the segregation between competitive sports and exercise for fitness and rocked the operations of sports clubs; the range of sports became broader and there was a gradual shift from general clubs with multiple sports to clubs specialised in a single sport. While the Turku of the 1960s was perceived as a city for education and culture rather than one known for sports, internal migration raised Turku’s profile in sports in particular. Residents who had moved to the city from rural areas aimed at a new social adherence through the means of sports and physical activity. The increase in exercise for fitness, trends in organisational politics and the value placed on international success in sports were among the key themes of the 1960s through which sports and physical activity in Finland examined its identity and motives.
Significant Mutual Inclinations Between the Stellar Spin and the Orbits of Both Planets in the HAT-P-11 System
Authors: An Qier , Lu Tiger , Brandt G. Mirek , Brandt Timothy D. , Li Gongjie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Planet–star obliquity and planet–planet mutual inclination encode a planetary system’s dynamical history, but both of their values are hard to measure for misaligned systems with close-in companions. HAT-P-11 is a K4 star with two known planets: a close-in, misaligned super-Neptune with a ≈5 day orbit, and an outer super-Jupiter with a ≈10 yr orbit. In this work we present a joint orbit fit of the HAT-P-11 system with astrometry and S-index corrected radial velocity data. By combining our results with previous constraints on the orientation of the star and the inner planet, we find that all three angular momenta—those of the star, planet b, and planet c—are significantly misaligned. We confirm the status of planet c as a super-Jupiter, with 2.68 ± 0.41 M
Jup at a semimajor axis of 4.10 ± 0.06 au, and planet b’s mass of M

b
sini
b
= 0.074 ± 0.004 M
Jup. We present the posterior probability distribution of obliquity between star A and planet c, and mutual inclination between planet b and planet c.
The SUPERCOLD-CGM Survey. II. [C i](1–0) Emission and the Physical Conditions of Cold Gas in Enormous Lyα Nebulae at z ∼ 2
Authors: Li Jianan , Emonts Bjorn H. C. , Cai Zheng , Li Jianrui , Wang Ran , Villar-Martín Montserrat , Arrigoni Battaia Fabrizio , Li Mingyu , Wu Yunjing , Yoon Ilsang , Lehnert Matthew D. , Massingill Kyle , Sarazin Craig , Prochaska Jason X , Lacy Mark , Mason Brian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and Atacama Compact Array observations of atomic carbon ([C i](1–0)) and dust continuum in 10 enormous Lyα nebulae hosting ultraluminous Type-I QSOs at z = 2.2–2.5, as part of the Survey of Protocluster ELANe Revealing CO/C i in the Lyα Detected CGM. We detect [C i](1–0) and dust in all 10 QSOs and five companion galaxies. We find that the QSOs and companions have higher gas densities and more intense radiation fields than Luminous Infrared galaxies and high-z main sequence galaxies, with the highest values found in the QSOs. By comparing molecular gas masses derived from [C i](1–0), CO(4−3), and dust continuum, we find that the QSOs and companions display a similar low CO conversion factor of α
CO ∼ 0.8 M
☉

[
K

km

s

-
1

pc
2

]

−
1

. After tapering our data to low resolution, the [C i](1–0) flux increases for nine QSOs, hinting at the possibility of [C i](1–0) in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) on a scale of 16−40 kpc. However, the [C i](1–0) sensitivity is too low to confirm this for individual targets, except for a tentative (2.7σ) CGM detection in Q0050+0051 with

M

H

2

= (1.0–2.8) × 1010
M
☉. The 3σ mass limits of molecular CGM for the remaining QSO fields are (0.2–1.4) × 1010
M
☉. This translates into a baryon fraction of <0.4%–3% in the molecular CGM relative to the total baryonic halo mass. Our sample also includes a radio-detected active galactic nuclei, Q1416+2649, which shows [C i](1–0) and CO(4−3) luminosities an order of magnitude fainter for its far-infrared luminosity than other QSOs in our sample, possibly due to a lower molecular gas mass.
The Peak Frequency and Luminosity of Synchrotron Emitting Shocks: From Nonrelativistic to Ultrarelativistic Explosions
Authors: Margalit Ben , Quataert Eliot 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Synchrotron emission is ubiquitous in explosive astrophysical events—it is a natural byproduct of shocks formed when matter expelled by the explosion collides with ambient material. This emission is well observed in various classes of transients, and is often interpreted within a canonical “equipartition” framework that allows physical properties of the shock to be inferred from the frequency and luminosity at which the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) peaks. This framework has been remarkably successful in explaining observations of radio supernovae. It has also been used for transrelativistic explosions, where the shock velocities approach the speed of light. However, the conventional framework does not incorporate relativistic effects. Neither does it account for thermal electrons, which have been shown to be important for high-velocity shocks. In this paper we describe a revised framework that accounts for these two effects, and is applicable to nonrelativistic, transrelativistic, and ultrarelativistic explosions. We show that accounting for these effects can dramatically change the inferred parameters of high-velocity shocks, and, in particular, that the shock velocity, ambient density, and total energy are overestimated by the conventional nonrelativistic framework. We delineate the phase-space where such modifications are important in terms of observationally measurable parameters. We also find a novel upper limit on the peak synchrotron luminosity of shock-powered transients, which is remarkably consistent with existing observations. Finally, we discuss a prediction of the model—that the SED will qualitatively change as a function of shock velocity—and show that this is broadly consistent with data for representative events (e.g., SN1998bw, AT2018cow, CSS161010, AT2020xnd).
Shear Particle Acceleration in Structured Gamma-Ray Burst Jets. I. Physical Origin of the Band Function and Application to GRBs 090926A, 131108A, and 160509A
Authors: Wang Zi-Qi , Huang Xiao-Li , Liang En-Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The radiation physics of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) remains an open question. Based on the simulation analysis and recent observations, it was proposed that GRB jets are composed of a narrow ultrarelativistic core surrounded by a wide subrelativistic cocoon. We show that emission from the synchrotron radiations and the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) process of shear-accelerated electrons in the mixed jet-cocoon (MJC) region and internal-shock-accelerated electrons in the jet core is potentially explained the spectral characteristics of the prompt gamma rays. Assuming an exponential-decay velocity profile, the shear flow in the MJC region can accelerate electrons up to

γ

e
,
max

∼

10
4

for injected electrons with γ
e,inject = 3 × 102 if its magnetic field strength (

B
cn

) is 100 G and its inner-edge velocity (

β

cn
,
0

) is 0.9 c. The cooling of these electrons is dominated by the SSC process, and the emission flux peaks at the keV band. In addition, the energy flux of synchrotron radiations of internal-shock-accelerated electrons (γ

e
= 104 ∼ 105) peaks at around the keV−MeV band, assuming a bulk Lorentz factor of 300, a magnetic field strength of ∼106 G for the jet core. Adding the flux from both the jet core and the MJC region, the total spectral energy distribution illustrates similar characteristics as the broadband observations of GRBs. The bimodal and Band cut spectra observed in GRBs 090926A, 131108A, and 160509A can be well fit with our model. The derived

B
cn

varies from 54 G to 450 G and

β

cn
,
0

=
0.83
∼
0.91

c.
Atmospheric Abundances and Bulk Properties of the Binary Brown Dwarf Gliese 229Bab from JWST/MIRI Spectroscopy
Authors: Xuan Jerry W. , Perrin Marshall D. , Mawet Dimitri , Knutson Heather A. , Mukherjee Sagnick , Zhang Yapeng , Hoch Kielan K. W. , Wang Jason J. , Inglis Julie , Wallack Nicole L. , Ruffio Jean-Baptiste 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present JWST/Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) low-resolution spectroscopy (4.75–14 μm) of the first known substellar companion, Gliese 229Bab, which was recently resolved into a tight binary brown dwarf. Previous atmospheric retrieval studies modeling Gliese 229B as a single brown dwarf have reported anomalously high carbon-to-oxygen ratios (C/O) of ≈1.1 using 1–5 μm ground-based spectra. Here, we fit the MIRI spectrum of Gliese 229Bab with a two-component binary model using the Sonora Elf Owl grid and additionally account for the observed K-band flux ratio of the binary brown dwarf. Assuming the two brown dwarfs share the same abundances, we obtain C/O = 0.65 ± 0.05 and

[M/H]
=
0.0

0

−
0.03

+
0.04

as their abundances (2σ statistical errors), which are fully consistent with the host star abundances. We also recover the same abundances if we fit the MIRI spectrum with a single brown dwarf model, indicating that binarity does not strongly affect inferred abundances from mid-infrared data when the T
eff are similar between components of the binary. In addition, we measure

T
eff

=
90

0

−
29

+
78

K and

T
eff

=
77

5

−
33

+
20

K for the two brown dwarfs. We find that the vertical diffusion coefficients of

log

K

z
z

≈
4.0

are identical between the two brown dwarfs and in line with

log

K

z
z

values inferred for isolated brown dwarfs of similar T
eff. Our results demonstrate the power of mid-infrared spectroscopy in providing robust atmospheric abundance measurements for brown dwarf companions and, by extension, giant planets.
Potential for Life to Exist and be Detected on Earth-like Planets Orbiting White Dwarfs
Authors: Whyte Caldon T. , Quiroga-Nuñez L. H. , Lingam Manasvi , Pinilla Paola 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With recent observations confirming exoplanets orbiting white dwarfs, there is growing interest in exploring and quantifying the habitability of temperate rocky planets around white dwarfs. In this work, the limits of the habitable zone of an Earth-like planet around a white dwarf are computed based on the incident stellar flux, and these limits are utilized to assess the duration of habitability at a given orbital distance. For a typical 0.6M
⊙ white dwarf an Earth-like planet at ∼0.012 au could remain in the temporally evolving habitable zone, maintaining conditions to support life, for nearly 7 Gyr. Also, additional constraints on habitability are studied for the first time by imposing the requirement of receiving sufficient photon fluxes for UV-mediated prebiotic chemistry and photosynthesis. We demonstrate that these thresholds are comfortably exceeded by planets in the habitable zone. The prospects for detecting atmospheric biosignatures are also evaluated and shown to require integration times on the order of 1 hr or less for ongoing space observations with JWST.
The Symbiotic Star V694 Mon has Transitioned from the Accreting-only State to the Steady Burning Phase
Authors: Munari Ulisse 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
I propose that the drastic photometric and spectroscopic changes affecting the symbiotic star V694 Mon since 2018, are due to its transition from the accreting-only state to steady hydrogen-burning on the surface of the white dwarf (WD), closely mimicking the pattern followed by V4368 Sgr. The phase of peak optical brightness and weakest emission lines has probably been reached in early 2024. The high-velocity absorptions powered by jet-ejection and the wild flickering, which dominated the century-long quiescence, should not reappear as long has nuclear burning will hold (timescale of decades). The 3500 L
⊙ burning luminosity suggests a 0.60 M
⊙ mass for the WD.
The γ-Ray-emitting BL Lac 4FGL J1219.0+3653 in the Radio
Authors: Krezinger Máté , Gabányi Krisztina Éva , Frey Sándor 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We collect radio data of 4FGL J1219.0+3653, the first γ-ray BL Lac candidate known above redshift 3. We analyze total flux density measurements covering a wide frequency range (0.33–5 GHz) as well as the only available very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data. The radio spectrum is flat. Based on the radio data, there is no evidence that the compact jet emission is Doppler-enhanced, at odds with the BL Lac classification. The Gaia-VLBI optical-radio positional offset is ~9 mas which appears larger than usual in a blazar-like source but is still within 3σ uncertainties.
Un altro mare. I trasferimenti animali e la loro rappresentazione culturale nei testi latini
Authors: Vespa Marco 
Published: December 2024

L’analisi del mondo mediterraneo come spazio interconnesso caratterizzato da spostamenti e flussi di popolazioni trova nello studio dei trasferimenti animali un terreno ricco di scenari da ricostruire per le antiche società greca e romana. Questa ricerca si concentra su uno degli animali più rari dell’ecofauna mediterranea, la scimmia, evidenziando un paradosso solo apparente: se i dati archeozoologici e le rappresentazioni iconografiche forniscono un apporto limitato allo studio dei trasferimenti di primati non umani in area mediterranea per il I millennio a.C., i testi della letteratura latina al contrario presentano un quadro più ricco. Dal teatro comico latino alla produzione satirica romana, le scimmie popolano i testi antichi ed è proprio la loro natura di animale “trasferito”, se non deportato, a essere messa in risalto nella rappresentazione culturale che i testi danno di questo animale e dei traffici commerciali che ne rendevano possibile la presenza a Roma e in area italica.
Les représentations de l’Afrique dans l’œuvre littéraire de René Maran
Authors: Scheel Charles W. 
Published: December 2024

Cette étude porte sur les nombreuses œuvres que René Maran a consacrées à l’Afrique pendant les trente-six dernières années de sa vie à Paris, après « le scandale de Batouala ». Elle s’intéresse d’abord aux œuvres de fiction, notamment les romans et les contes animaliers du Cycle de la brousse africaine, puis à celles, semi-autobiographiques, sur la jeunesse de l’auteur à Bordeaux. Maran y évoque, après une enfance solitaire en internat (alors que ses parents sont en Afrique), ses doutes sur les chances d’un mariage heureux d’un jeune homme noir avec une femme blanche, surtout en milieu colonial. Le troisième volet de l’étude passe en revue les essais de nature ethnographique que Maran a consacrés au Continent noir. La production de ses textes de genres divers est le fruit de la même expérience d’une dizaine d’années passées en Afrique, et des mêmes lectures concernant les rapports entre la France et ses colonies africaines.
Alejo Carpentier : la sacralisation de la marge
Authors: Lucas Rafael 
Published: December 2024

Il s’agit d’examiner les procédures mises en œuvre par Alejo Carpentier pour réévaluer dans son écriture l’histoire caribéenne, dans une démarche d’affirmation de l’américanité qui est appréhendée ici sous l’angle d’une « sacralisation de la marge ».
L’héroïté « engluée » comme expression d’une identité (et d’une humanité) troublée dans Los habitantes de Salvador Garmendia
Authors: Bertin-Elisabeth Cécile 
Published: December 2024

Dans son roman « Los habitantes » (1961), Salvador Garmendia présente le mal-être existentiel de personnages aux marges tant de l’existence que des critères traditionnels de l’héroïcité. La disparition de l’individualité humaine, noyée dans la multitude et l’immobilisme, est évoquée en l’opposant à la description d’une ville qui prend vie. Ainsi, ces héros crasseux, englués dans l’inaction, mettent en exergue le manque de conscience politique d’une société vénézuélienne en crise.
La patrimonialisation comme phénomène d’entropie culturelle : des dynamiques créatives des immigrés dans la patrimonialisation en contexte français
Authors: Djeguede Vincent Francis Cyr 
Published: December 2024

La crise de l’intégration socioculturelle des immigrés dans la société française est multidimensionnelle. Dans le contexte français, l’impasse sur les apports civilisationnels des immigrés manifeste une contradiction du sens de la patrimonialisation comme phénomène d’entropie culturelle. L’entropie culturelle est ce mouvement culturel vital permanent qui implique une pratique créative et réinterprétative des éléments par le biais de dynamiques plurielles. La patrimonialisation apparaît ainsi comme l’un des phénomènes de cette entropie culturelle liée à la nature incomplète, limitée et finie de la culture qui reste en constante extension et en interaction. La patrimonialisation étant ainsi un parcours créatif continu et inachevé, tributaire de cette entropie culturelle, elle pourrait évoluer vers une vision plurielle et partagée dans la perspective de la culture augmentée (Djeguede, 2023b, 2024).
Éducation à l'environnement et dialogue philosophique : obstacles et recommandations pour l’intégration en milieu scolaire
Authors: Beaudry Nadia 
Published: December 2024

La pratique du dialogue philosophique (PDP) est une avenue pédagogique de choix en éducation relative à l'environnement (ERE). Certains obstacles ont cependant été documentés, tant pour l'intégration de la PDP en classe que pour celle de l'ERE. Quels sont les obstacles potentiels et les recommandations à prendre en compte dans le cadre d’un projet éducatif d’ERE qui ferait appel à la PDP ? Nous avons entrepris une recension narrative de la littérature permettant d’identifier les obstacles et les recommandations relatives à l’ERE et nous les avons mis en relation avec des obstacles et des recommandations identifiés en PDP. Nous avons pu repérer ainsi six catégories d'obstacles et quatre catégories de recommandations. Des pistes pour de futures recherches sont proposées.
Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Management of Nail Disorders: A Narrative Review
Authors: Gaurav Vishal , Grover Chander , Tyagi Mehul , Saurabh Suman 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare by enabling systems to perform tasks traditionally requiring human intelligence. In healthcare, AI encompasses various subfields, including machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and expert systems. In the specific domain of onychology, AI presents a promising avenue for diagnosing nail disorders, analyzing intricate patterns, and improving diagnostic accuracy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current applications of AI in onychology, focusing on its role in diagnosing onychomycosis, subungual melanoma, nail psoriasis, nail fold capillaroscopy, and nail involvement in systemic diseases.

Materials and Methods:
A literature review on AI in nail disorders was conducted via PubMed and Google Scholar, yielding relevant studies. AI algorithms, particularly deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in interpreting nail images, aiding differential diagnosis as well as enhancing the efficiency of diagnostic processes in a busy clinical setting. In studies evaluating onychomycosis, AI has shown the ability to distinguish between normal nails, fungal infections, and other differentials, including nail psoriasis, with a high accuracy. AI systems have proven effective in identifying subungual melanoma. For nail psoriasis, AI has been used to automate the scoring of disease severity, reducing the time and effort required. AI applications in nail fold capillaroscopy have aided the analysis of diagnosis and prognosis of connective tissue diseases. AI applications have also been extended to recognize nail manifestations of systemic diseases, by analyzing changes in nail morphology and coloration. AI also facilitates the management of nail disorders by offering tools for personalized treatment planning, remote care, treatment monitoring, and patient education.

Conclusion:
Despite these advancements, challenges such as data scarcity, image heterogeneity, interpretability issues, regulatory compliance, and poor workflow integration hinder the seamless adoption of AI in onychology practice. Ongoing research and collaboration between AI developers and nail experts is crucial to realize the full potential of AI in improving patient outcomes in onychology.
Comparative Evaluation of Survival Against Fracture in Premolars Treated Endodontically for Cervical Lesions and Restored with Resin and Crowns
Authors: Singh Punita , Sandhu Rameet , Singh Pinky , Karthik Sahana , Bharti Shobha , Bhargava Manish 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
For endodontic treatment, coronal restoration is crucial in preventing coronal leakage and protecting against fractures in the remaining tooth structure.

Aim:
To evaluate the effect of the restorations in endodontically treated teeth on survival against fracture in premolars having cervical lesions to identify the prognostic factors depicting the fracture.

Methods:
Endodontically treated premolars had exposed cervical lesions, and crowns or resin composites were assessed. In the included premolars, the fracture presence was noted along with the prognostic factors associated. The data recorded were analyzed using applicable statistical tests and considering P < 0.05 as the significance level.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of survival against breakage among teeth replaced with resin composites or crowns, and a decrease in crestal bone in the middle third of the root for fracture was identified as the most important predictor (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
In endodontically treated premolar and exposed cervical lesions, a high survival against fracture rate was associated with resin composite restoration compared to the crowns and premolars with crestal bone loss till the middle-third of the root have a high risk of fracture.