bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary vasculopathy in explanted lungs from patients with interstitial lung disease undergoing lung transplantation
Authors: Dotan Yaniv , Stewart Jeffrey , Gangemi Andrew , Wang He , Aneja Amandeep , Chakraborty Baidarbhi , Dass Chandra , Zhao Huaqing , Marchetti Nathaniel , D'Alonzo Gilbert , Cordova Francis C , Criner Gerard , Mamary Albert James 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPulmonary hypertension (PH) causes increased morbidity and mortality in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Classification schemes, while well-characterised for the vasculopathy of idiopathic PH, have been applied, unchallenged, to ILD-related PH. We evaluated pulmonary arterial histopathology in explanted human lung tissue from patients who were transplanted for advanced fibrotic ILD.MethodsLung explants from 38 adult patients who underwent lung transplantation were included. Patients were divided into three groups: none, mild/moderate and severe PH by mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) measured at pre lung transplantation right heart catheterisation (RHC). Grading of pulmonary vasculopathy according to Heath and Edwards scheme, and prelung transplantation evaluation data were compared between the groups.Results38 patients with fibrotic ILDs were included, the majority (21) with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Of the 38 patients, 18 had severe PH, 13 had mild/moderate PH and 7 had no PH by RHC. 16 of 38 patients had severe pulmonary arterial vasculopathy including vascular occlusion with intimal fibrosis and/or plexiform lesions. There were no correlations between mPAP and lung diffusion with the severity of pulmonary arterial pathological grade (Spearman’s rho=0.14, p=0.34, rho=0.11, p=0.49, respectively).ConclusionsPatients with end stage ILD had severe pulmonary arterial vasculopathy in their explanted lungs irrespective of the presence and/or severity of PH as measured by RHC. These findings suggest that advanced pulmonary arterial vasculopathy is common in patients with advanced fibrotic ILD and may develop prior to the clinical detection of PH by RHC.
Recall accuracy of notifications about incidental findings from an MRI examination: results from a population-based study
Authors: Piontek Katharina , Richter Adrian , Hegenscheid Katrin , Chenot Jean-Francois , Schmidt Carsten Oliver 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundSelf-reports of medical findings are indispensable in clinical practice and research but subject to recall bias. We analysed the recall accuracy of notifications about incidental findings (IFs) from a whole-body MRI examination and assessed determinants of recall error.MethodsData from 3746 participants of a postal follow-up survey conducted on average 2.47 years after examination in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania were analysed. Among those, 2185 (58.3%) underwent whole-body MRI at baseline, and findings of potential clinical relevance were disclosed in standardised postal letters. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated to determine the accuracy of self-reports. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to analyse predictors for false-positive and false-negative recall.ResultsAn IF was disclosed to 622 (28.5%) individuals; 81.5% had tumour relevance. The overall sensitivity and PPV of participants’ self-reports were 80% and 60%, respectively. PPvs were higher among women, better educated and married participants and among those with good verbal memory. Among MRI participants, lower educational level was associated with a higher risk of false-positive recall (risk ratio (RR) 1.44, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.03), while increasing age was associated with a higher risk of false-negative recall (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.01).ConclusionsMost participants correctly recalled disclosed IFs. However, the probability of an event in case of a positive recall is barely above 50%. Therefore, relying on subjects’ recall of disclosed IFs will lead to a relevant proportion of errors. Clinicians and researchers should be aware of this problem and of participants’ characteristics which may moderate the probability of correct decisions based on recalled findings.
Psychosocial determinants predicting long-term sickness absence: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Goorts Kaat , Boets Isabelle , Decuman Saskia , Du Bois Marc , Rusu Dorina , Godderis Lode 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThis study assessed the psychosocial determinants as explanatory variables for the length of the work disability period. The aim was to estimate the predictive value of a selected set of psychosocial determinants from the Quickscan questionnaire for the length of the sick leave period. A comparison was also made with the most common biomedical determinant: diagnosis.MethodsIn a cohort study of 4 981 insured Belgian patients, the length of the sick leave was calculated using Kaplan–Meier. Predictive psychosocial determinants were selected using backward conditional selection in Cox regression and using concordance index values (C-index) we compared the predictive value of the biomedical to the psychosocial model in a sample subset.ResultsFourteen psychosocial determinants were significantly (p<0.10) related to the length of the sick leave: health perception of the patient, physical workload, social support management, social support colleagues, work–health interference, psychological distress, fear of colleagues’ expectations, stressful life-events, autonomy, learning and development opportunities, job satisfaction, workload, work expectations and expectation to return to work. The C-index of this biopsychosocial model including gender, age and labour status was 0.80 (CI: 0.78; 0.81) (n=4 981). In the subset of 2 868 respondents with diagnostic information, the C-index for the same model was .73 (CI: 0.71; 0.76) compared with 0.63 (CI: 0.61; 0.65) for the biomedical model.ConclusionsA set of 14 psychosocial determinants showed good predictive capacity (C-index: 0.80). Also, in a subset of the sample, the selected determinants performed better compared with diagnostic information to predict long-term sick leave (>6 months).
Nabiximols discontinuation rate in a large population of patients with multiple sclerosis: a 18-month multicentre study
Authors: Chisari Clara Grazia , Solaro Claudio , Annunziata Pasquale , Bergamaschi Roberto , Bianco Assunta , Bonavita Simona , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Bruno Bossio Roberto , Capello Elisabetta , Castelli Letizia , Cavalla Paola , Costantino Gianfranco , Centonze Diego , Cottone Salvatore , Danni Maura Chiara , Esposito Federica , Gajofatto Alberto , Gasperini Claudio , Guareschi Angelica , Lanzillo Roberta , Lus Giacomo , Maniscalco Giorgia Teresa , Matta Manuela , Paolicelli Damiano , Petrucci Loredana , Pontecorvo Simona , Righini Isabella , Rovaris Marco , Sessa Edoardo , Spinicci Gabriella , Spitaleri Daniele , Valentino Paola , Zaffaroni Mauro , Zappia Mario , Patti Francesco 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionDelta-δ-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (THC:CBD) oromucosal spray is used as an add-on therapy option for moderate to severe multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity resistant to other medications. Aims of this study were to provide real-life data on long-term clinical outcomes in a large population of Italian patients treated with THC:CBD and to evaluate predictors of THC:CBD therapy continuation.Materials and methodsThis prospective observational multicentre Italian study screened all patients with MS consecutively included in the Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco e-registry at the start of THC:CBD treatment (baseline), after 4 weeks (T1), 12±3 weeks (T2), 24±3 weeks (T3), 48±3 weeks (T4) and 72±3 weeks (T5) from baseline.ResultsA total of 1845 patients were recruited from 32 MS Italian centres. At T1, 1502 (81.4%) of patients reached a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) improvement of ≥20%, with an NRS reduction of 26.9% at T1 and of 34.4% at T5. At T5, 725 patients (48.3% of 1502) discontinued treatment with highest discontinuation rate at T2 and T3. Daily number of puffs was generally stable through the observation period. The multivariate analysis showed that higher NRS scores at baseline (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.15 to 6.36, p<0.01) and higher differences of NRS between T0 and T1 (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.08 to 8.26, p<0.05) were associated with an increased probability to continue therapy after 18 months.DiscussionTHC:CBD effects were sustained for 18 months with a relatively stable number of puffs per day. About 50% of patients abandoned THC:CBD therapy for loss of efficacy or adverse events.
Discriminatory questions asked during residency programme interviews: perspective from both interviewers and applicants
Authors: Harkin Elizabeth , Murphy Michael , Liskutin Tomas , Nystrom Lukas , Wu Karen , Schiff Adam 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) policy requires interview officials to refrain from asking illegal or coercive questions that may introduce discrimination; however, compliance is insufficient.MethodAn Institutional Review Board-approved 12 question survey was distributed to 130 allopathic medical schools with 551 responses from 18 187 students applying in the 2015–2016 residency match. In addition, a 16-question survey was distributed through residency coordinators to residency programme interviewers with 481 responses from 21 of 22 residency specialities.ResultsDiscriminatory topics were frequently discussed across all specialities. Surgical interviews were significantly more likely to discuss age (relative risk (RR) 2.0, p&lt;0.01) and gender (RR 2.7, p&lt;0.01) during formal interviews. More-competitive specialities more frequently discussed age (RR 1.9, p&lt;0.01) and gender (RR 2.0, p&lt;0.01) during the formal interview, and gender (RR 1.4, p&lt;0.05) during informal interview events. 47.8% of interviewers discussed potentially coercive topics during the interview, 57.5% considered these topics when evaluating candidates and 72.6% had misunderstandings. Interviewers given both oral and written instruction showed the greatest effect change towards discussing coercive topics (p&lt;0.01) and correctly identifying non-discriminatory and discriminatory topics (p&lt;0.01). While age and gender both constitute discriminatory topics, each of these topics is included in the majority of written The Electronic Residency Application System applications (85.5% and 89.8%, respectively).ConclusionsIn modern recruitment where differential attainment is of interest, the presence of such explicit discrimination is worrisome. Formal interview training might reduce discrimination, but more active overnight is needed and a zero-tolerance approach to overt discrimination should be the ambition.
Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance ofMycoplasma genitaliumin southern Spain, 2018–2019
Authors: de Salazar Adolfo , Barrientos-Durán Antonio , Espadafor Beatriz , Fuentes-López Ana , Chueca Natalia , Garcia Federico 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesIn recent years, resistance inMycoplasma genitalium(MG) to first-line (azithromycin) and second-line (moxifloxacin) treatment has been increasingly reported worldwide, however, no data regarding the south of Spain are available.MethodsTo determine resistance rates, MG-positive samples collected from June 2018 to June 2019 were analysed by sequencing the 23S rRNA and parC genes.ResultsA total of 77 patients (24 men having sex with men (MSM), 30 heterosexual men and 23 women) were included. Resistance-associated mutations against macrolide and fluoroquinolones were found in 36.4% (95% CI 25.7% to 48.1%) and 9.1% (95% CI 3.7% to 17.8%) of the patients, respectively. Being MSM and having had another STI in the last year were significantly associated with macrolide-resistant MG infection, while no associations were found with resistance to fluoroquinolones.ConclusionsTesting for resistance to first-line and second-line drugs against MG should be recommended for the general population and mandatory for the MSM population. We suggest that empiric azithromycin use for STI management should be avoided.
Substitution of parts of aerobic training by resistance training lowers fasting hyperglycemia in individuals with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Moreno-Cabañas Alfonso , Ortega Juan Fernando , Morales-Palomo Felix , Ramirez-Jimenez Miguel , Alvarez-Jimenez Laura , Mora-Rodriguez Ricardo 
Published: July 2020

We sought to determine the effects of substituting parts of aerobic training (AT) by resistance training (RT) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors. MetS patients (aged 56 ± 7 years; body mass index 33 ± 5 kg·m−2 and 3.9 ± 0.8 MetS factors) were randomized to undergo 1 of the following isocaloric, 16-week long exercise programs: (i) cycling 4 bouts of 4-min at 90% of maximal heart rate (HRmax) followed by 3 sets of 12 repetitions of 3 lower limb free-weight exercises (high-intensity interval training (HIIT)+RT group; n = 33), (ii) cycling 5 bouts of 4 min at 90% of HRmax (HIIT+HIIT group; n = 33), or (iii) no exercise control group (n = 21). We measured the evolution of all 5 MetS components (z score), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake), leg strength and power (leg press 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and countermovement jump (CMJ)), fasting blood glucose (FG), fasting insulin, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment 2). Both training groups improved maximal oxygen uptake similarly (170 ± 310 and 190 ± 210 mL O2·min−1; P < 0.001) and z score (−0.12 ± 0.29 and −0.12 ± 0.31 for HIIT+RT and HIIT+HIIT, respectively; P < 0.02). However, only HIIT+RT improved CMJ (P = 0.002) and leg press 1RM above the HIIT+HIIT group (21% vs 6%; P < 0.001). Furthermore, FG only decreased in the HIIT+RT group (5%; P = 0.026, time × group). Our findings suggest that substitution of part of HIIT by leg RT improves glucose control in MetS individuals. Novelty Most studies addressing the efficacy of endurance versus resistance training are not matched by energy expenditure. We found that substituting 20% of AT with RT reduces hyperglycemia in MetS individuals. Training recommendations to regain glycemic control in MetS individuals should include resistance training.
Rashba-controlled two-electron spin-charge qubits as building blocks of a quantum computer
Authors: Kregar A. , Ramšak A. 
Published: July 2020

The spin-sensitive charge oscillation, controlled by an external magnetic field, was recently proposed as a mechanism of transformations of qubits, defined as two-electron spin-charge Wannier molecules in a square quantum dot.1 The paper expands this idea by including the effects of Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling. The problem is studied theoretically by mapping the system to an analytic effective Hamiltonian for 8 low-energy states, comprising singlet and triplet on each dot diagonal. The validity of mapping is confirmed by comparing the energy and spin of full and mapped system, and also by the reproduction of charge-oscillation dynamics in the presence of magnetic flux. The newly introduced Rashba coupling significantly enriches the system dynamics, affecting the magnitude of charge oscillations and allowing the controlled transitions between singlet and triplet states due to the spin rotations, induced by spin-orbit coupling. The results indicate the possibility for use of the studied system for quantum information processing, while possible extensions of the system to serve as a qubit in a universal quantum computer, fulfilling all five Di Vincenzo criteria, is also discussed.
Automatic adjoint differentiation for gradient descent and model calibration
Authors: Goloubentsev Dmitri , Lakshtanov Evgeny 
Published: July 2020

In this work, we discuss the Automatic Adjoint Differentiation (AAD) for functions of the form [Formula: see text], which often appear in the calibration of stochastic models. We demonstrate that it allows a perfect SIMD a parallelization and provides its relative computational cost. In addition, we demonstrate that this theoretical result is in concordance with numerical experiments. a Single Input Multiple Data.
Investigating the effect of pyroptosis on the slow CD4+ T cell depletion in HIV-1 infection, by dynamical analysis of its discontinuous mathematical model
Authors: Monfared Z. , Omidi F. , Qaseminezhad Raeini Y. 
Published: July 2020

HIV infection is one of the most serious causes of death throughout the world. CD4+ T cells which play an important role in immune protection, are the primary targets for HIV infection. The hallmark of HIV infection is the progressive loss in population of CD4+ T cells. However, the pathway causing this slow T cell decline is poorly understood [16]. This paper studies a discontinuous mathematical model for HIV-1 infection, to investigate the effect of pyroptosis on the disease. For this purpose, we use the theory of discontinuous dynamical systems. In this way, we can better analyze the dynamical behavior of the HIV-1 system. Especially, considering the dynamics of the system on its discontinuity boundary enables us to obtain more comprehensive results rather than the previous researches. A stability region for the system, corresponding to its equilibria on the discontinuity boundary, will be determined. In such a parametric region, the trajectories of the system will be trapped on the discontinuity manifold forever. It is also shown that in the obtained stability region, the disease can lead to a steady state in which the population of uninfected T cells and viruses will preserve at a constant level of cytokines. This means that the pyroptosis will be restricted and the disease cannot progress for a long time. Some numerical simulations based on clinical and experimental data are given which are in good agreement with our theoretical results.
Mathematical models for diseases in wildlife populations with indirect transmission
Authors: Barbera Elvira 
Published: July 2020

In this paper, five different models for five different kinds of diseases occurring in wildlife populations are introduced. In all models, a logistic growth term is taken into account and the disease is transmitted to the susceptible population indirectly through an environment reservoir. The time evolution of these diseases is described together with its spatial propagation. The character of spatial homogeneous equilibria against the uniform and non-uniform perturbations together with the occurrence of Hopf bifurcations are discussed through a linear stability analysis. No Turing instability is observed. The partial differential field equations are also integrated numerically to validate the stability results herein obtained and to extract additional information on the temporal and spatial behavior of the different diseases.
Understanding the Earth: the contribution of Marie Tharp
Authors: Higgs Bettie Matheson 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Marie Tharp worked all her life as a geoscientist, and for the most part for the recognition and benefit of her male colleagues. She was employed to assist researchers at Columbia University. Her male colleagues readily used her ingenuity and insights without giving her recognition. Marie tolerated this at first but eventually began to ask for recognition for her own work. Her most influential work was the production of physiographical maps of the ocean floor. During this work, in the 1950s, Marie was the first scientist to realize that there was a large rift running the length of the Atlantic Ocean, and she eventually demonstrated that this rift linked to the East African Rift Valley. Her male colleagues suppressed this discovery for reasons of their own, and 4 years later presented it as their own research. The work caused some key figures in the history of plate tectonics to change the direction of their research. Marie suffered in her career due to rivalries between her male colleagues. It was not until the 1990s that Marie began to be recognized nationally and internationally, and receive awards for her work.
Metabolomics Analysis of Aspirin's Effects in Human Colon Tissue and Associations with Adenoma Risk
Authors: Barry Elizabeth L. , Fedirko Veronika , Uppal Karan , Ma Chunyu , Liu Ken , Mott Leila A. , Peacock Janet L. , Passarelli Michael N. , Baron John A. , Jones Dean P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough substantial evidence supports aspirin's efficacy in colorectal cancer chemoprevention, key molecular mechanisms are uncertain. An untargeted metabolomics approach with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to elucidate metabolic effects of aspirin treatment in human colon tissue. We measured 10,269 metabolic features in normal mucosal biopsies collected at colonoscopy after approximately 3 years of randomized treatment with placebo, 81 or 325 mg/day aspirin from 325 participants in the Aspirin/Folate Polyp Prevention Study. Linear regression was used to identify aspirin-associated metabolic features and network analysis was used to identify pathways and predict metabolite identities. Poisson regression was used to examine metabolic features associations with colorectal adenoma risk. We detected 471 aspirin-associated metabolic features. Aside from the carnitine shuttle, aspirin-associated metabolic pathways were largely distinct for 81 mg aspirin (e.g., pyrimidine metabolism) and 325 mg (e.g., arachidonic acid metabolism). Among aspirin-associated metabolic features, we discovered three that were associated with adenoma risk and could contribute to the chemopreventive effect of aspirin treatment, and which have also previously been associated with colorectal cancer: creatinine, glycerol 3-phosphate, and linoleate. The last two of these are in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway, which was associated with 81 mg aspirin treatment and provides precursors for the synthesis of eicosanoids from arachidonic acid upstream of cyclooxygenase inhibition by aspirin. Conversely, carnitine shuttle metabolites were increased with aspirin treatment and associated with increased adenoma risk. Thus, our untargeted metabolomics approach has identified novel metabolites and pathways that may underlie the effects of aspirin during early colorectal carcinogenesis.
Coordenação do nado borboleta e estágio maturacional de jovens nadadores
Authors: Tosta Joanna De Souza , Ribeiro Aline , Silveira Ricardo Peterson , Franken Marcos , Barroso Renato , Portella Daniel Leite , Barbosa Augusto Carvalho , Castro Flávio Antônio de Souza 
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a coordenação do nado borboleta de jovens nadadores em diferentes estágios maturacionais. Vinte e um nadadores entre 10 e 12 anos de idade divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com o estágio de maturação biológica em que se encontravam (EM2 - n=11 e EM3 - n=10) foram avaliados durante 25 m no nado borboleta em máxima intensidade. Os indicadores de coordenação entre as ações de braços e pernas, e o desempenho foram obtidos por meio de videogrametria e cronometragem, respectivamente. Resultados: Nadadores do grupo EM3 apresentaram melhores indicadores de coordenação e maior duração relativa das fases propulsivas da pernada. Os resultados apresentados indicam que jovens nadadores deveriam receber especial atenção com relação a indicadores coordenativos do nado borboleta, visando, especificamente, o sincronismo propulsivo entre o início da fase de empurrada da braçada e o início da fase descendente da segunda pernada.