bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital auscultation in PERCH: Associations with chest radiography and pneumonia mortality in children
Authors: McCollum Eric D. , Park Daniel E. , Watson Nora L. , Fancourt Nicholas S. S. , Focht Christopher , Baggett Henry C. , Brooks W. Abdullah , Howie Stephen R. C. , Kotloff Karen L. , Levine Orin S. , Madhi Shabir A. , Murdoch David R. , Scott J. Anthony G. , Thea Donald M. , Awori Juliet O. , Chipeta James , Chuananon Somchai , DeLuca Andrea N. , Driscoll Amanda J. , Ebruke Bernard E. , Elhilali Mounya , Emmanouilidou Dimitra , Githua Louis Peter , Higdon Melissa M. , Hossain Lokman , Jahan Yasmin , Karron Ruth A. , Kyalo Joshua , Moore David P. , Mulindwa Justin M. , Naorat Sathapana , Prosperi Christine , Verwey Charl , West James E. , Knoll Maria Deloria , O'Brien Katherine L. , Feikin Daniel R. , Hammitt Laura L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhether digitally recorded lung sounds are associated with radiographic pneumonia or clinical outcomes among children in low‐income and middle‐income countries is unknown. We sought to address these knowledge gaps.MethodsWe enrolled 1 to 59monthold children hospitalized with pneumonia at eight African and Asian Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health sites in six countries, recorded digital stethoscope lung sounds, obtained chest radiographs, and collected clinical outcomes. Recordings were processed and classified into binary categories positive or negative for adventitial lung sounds. Listening and reading panels classified recordings and radiographs. Recording classification associations with chest radiographs with World Health Organization (WHO)‐defined primary endpoint pneumonia (radiographic pneumonia) or mortality were evaluated. We also examined case fatality among risk strata.ResultsAmong children without WHO danger signs, wheezing (without crackles) had a lower adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for radiographic pneumonia (0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15, 0.82), compared to children with normal recordings. Neither crackle only (no wheeze) (aOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 0.91, 4.96) or any wheeze (with or without crackle) (aOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.34, 1.15) were associated with radiographic pneumonia. Among children with WHO danger signs no lung recording classification was independently associated with radiographic pneumonia, although trends toward greater odds of radiographic pneumonia were observed among children classified with crackle only (no wheeze) or any wheeze (with or without crackle). Among children without WHO danger signs, those with recorded wheezing had a lower case fatality than those without wheezing (3.8% vs. 9.1%, p = .03).ConclusionsAmong lower risk children without WHO danger signs digitally recorded wheezing is associated with a lower odds for radiographic pneumonia and with lower mortality. Although further research is needed, these data indicate that with further development digital auscultation may eventually contribute to child pneumonia care.
A phage‐displayed single‐chain Fab library optimized for rapid production of single‐chain IgGs
Authors: Hanna Rachel , Cardarelli Lia , Patel Nish , Blazer Levi L. , Adams Jarrett J. , Sidhu Sachdev S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhage‐displayed synthetic antibody (Ab) repertoires have become a major source of affinity reagents for basic and clinical research. Specific Abs identified from such libraries are often screened as fragments antigen binding (Fabs) produced in bacteria, and those with desired biochemical characteristics are reformatted for production as full‐length immunoglobulin G (IgG) in mammalian cells. The conversion of Fabs to IgGs is a cumbersome and often rate‐limiting step in the development of Abs. Moreover, biochemical properties required for lead IgG development are not always shared by the Fabs, and these issues are not uncovered until a significant effort has been spent on Abs that ultimately will not be useful. Thus, there is a need for simple and rapid techniques to convert phage‐displayed Fabs to IgGs at an early stage of the Ab screening process. We report the generation of a highly diverse phage‐displayed synthetic single‐chain Fab (scFab) library, in which the light and heavy chains were tethered with an optimized linker. Following selection, pools of scFabs were converted to single‐chain IgGs (scIgGs) en masse, enabling facile screening of hundreds of phage‐derived scIgGs. We show that this approach can be used to rapidly screen for and select scIgGs that target cell‐surface receptors, and scIgGs behave the same as conventional IgGs.
The crystal structure of AbsH3: A putative flavin adenine dinucleotide‐dependent reductase in the abyssomicin biosynthesis pathway
Authors: Clinger Jonathan A. , Wang Xiachang , Cai Wenlong , Zhu Yanyan , Miller Mitchell D. , Zhan Chang‐Guo , Van Lanen Steven G. , Thorson Jon S. , Phillips George N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNatural products and natural product‐derived compounds have been widely used for pharmaceuticals for many years, and the search for new natural products that may have interesting activity is ongoing. Abyssomicins are natural product molecules that have antibiotic activity via inhibition of the folate synthesis pathway in microbiota. These compounds also appear to undergo a required [4 + 2] cycloaddition in their biosynthetic pathway. Here we report the structure of an flavin adenine dinucleotide‐dependent reductase, AbsH3, from the biosynthetic gene cluster of novel abyssomicins found in Streptomyces sp. LC‐6‐2.
Prediction of the self‐accelerating decomposition temperature of organic peroxides
Authors: Achary Patnala Ganga Raju , Toropova Alla P. , Toropov Andrey A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe decomposition of the organic peroxide is exothermic, and that heat can be utilized for the desired or expected reactions by the polymers or emulsion. However, the unwanted decomposition of these peroxides (when present alone not with other polymers or emulsions) generates heat which is not dissipated properly and can cause serious problems. Looking at these obvious disadvantages one would be convinced that, there is an urgent and desirable requirement for the development of alternate reliable methods to predict self‐accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) for organic peroxides. Predictions for SADT were built with a dataset of organic peroxides by the application of the criterion of “Index of Ideality of Correlation (IIC).” Here, the advantage of the target functions which are calculated with taking into account the IIC is demonstrated. The IIC is a mathematical function of two variables: (a) correlation coefficient; and (b) MAE.
Residue decomposition and priming of soil organic carbon following different NPK fertilizer histories
Authors: You Mengyang , Li Lu‐Jun , Tian Qing , He Peng , He Guiping , Hao Xiang‐Xiang , Horwath William R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effect of mineral fertilizer practices on increasing crop yield has been well studied, but few studies have examined the influence of various long‐term subtractive fertilization designs on the decomposition of crop residues or the influence on soil organic carbon (SOC) levels. To assess the combined effects of the long‐term (27‐yr) subtractive fertilizer inputs on SOC mineralization rates, we studied the change in added 13C‐labeled corn (Zea mays L.) stem and leaf residue decomposition and the magnitude of priming effect (PE) on SOC in a 56‐d lab incubation. The long‐term history of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) combinations showed that coupling N and P fertilization had a strong effect on SOC content which increased by 6% relative to the unfertilized treatment. Soil organic C mineralization rates with no residue added were highest in soils that received N, P, and K. Cumulative CO2 production in soils amended with residue was significantly affected by residue type and was 9–19% higher for leaves than stems across treatments with varied fertilization histories. After a 56‐d incubation 14–16% of leaf C and 18–19% of stem C was mineralized. The cumulative PE was significantly higher in the unfertilized soil with leaf addition but was not affected by residue type in other treatments. Our data showed that crop residue decomposition and SOC is affected by historical N, P, and K fertilization, with long‐term complete NPK application resulting in greater SOC content and slower SOC mineralization rates with corn leaf addition.
Framework Copper Catalyzed Oxidative Synthesis of Quinazolinones: A Benign Approach Using Cu3(BTC)2 MOF as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst
Authors: Latha Ganesapandian , Devarajan Nainamalai , Suresh Palaniswamy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA benign and straightforward method to access quinazolinones have been developed using easily preparable Cu3(BTC)2 MOF as a sustainable solid‐Lewis acid catalyst under mild condition. Cu3(BTC)2 MOF was prepared and characterized using various analytical tools such as PXRD, FT‐IR, SEM, TGA, and ICP‐OES. Synthesis of the quinazolinone is catalyzed by the presence of coordinatively unsaturated open CuII sites in Cu3(BTC)2 MOF using renewable ethanol as a solvent with minimum copper loading (0.07 mmol) without any harsh reaction condition. A series of substituted quinazolinones were synthesized with good to excellent yields. The efficiency of the present framework copper catalysts was rationalized by comparing with other MOFs and homogeneous catalytic systems. The stability of the catalyst was demonstrated by six consecutive runs and heterogeneity test, which was also evidenced from the technical supports such as PXRD, FT‐IR and SEM analyses of the recovered catalyst.
Analytic hierarchy process‐based prioritization framework for vendor's reliability challenges in global software development
Authors: Khan Abdul Wahid , Hussain Imtiaz , Zamir Muhammad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe concept of global software development was adopted by software organizations for the purpose of delivering quality software products at a reduced cost. Software reliability became one of the eminent challenges in the global software development. The main objective of this research paper is to develop a classification of the challenging factors in the global software development process faced by vendor organizations. The classification of the challenges depends on the data gathered through systematic literature review and implementation of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A total of 18 challenges were explored through systematic literature review and mapped into five categories, that is, capability, reliance, delivery, management, and distinction. The explored issues played a major role for assisting the researcher and designer for mitigating the challenges during “AHP based prioritization framework for Vendor's Reliability challenges in Global Software Development”. Taking the AHP approach, we tried to fill this research gap by exploring and prioritizing the challenges that could negatively impact the vendor reliability of a specific organization. The classification of the explored challenges provided a framework that was used to deal with the issues associated with software reliability in the global software environment, which provided the vital role for the success of software organizations.
Application Potential and Technological Properties of Colored Sweet Potato Starches
Authors: Paixão e Silva Giselle de Lima , Bento Juliana Aparecida Correia , Ribeiro Gislane Oliveira , Lião Luciano Morais , Soares Júnior Manoel Soares , Caliari Márcio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to demonstrate the application potential of starches extracted from four varieties of colored sweet potatoes by determining their technological, thermal, and pasting properties. The purple sweet potato (PSP) starch presents the largest mean diameter (14.2 µm). The white sweet potato (WSP), orange sweet potato (OSP), beige sweet potato (BSP), and PSP starches present an inconspicuous triplet on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The WSP and OSP starches show CA‐Type and the BSP and PSP starches show A‐Type characteristics on the X‐ray spectrum. The BSP and PSP starches show the presence of peaks in amorphous regions on the Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. The differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) thermogram of the BSP and PSP starches show lower gelatinization energies and wider gelatinization temperature ranges (difference between the conclusion and onset temperatures). The viscoamylographic profiles of the WSP and OSP starches show greater thermal stability. These technological properties demonstrate the potential application of these starches in sauces, snacks, instant soups, dairy desserts, yogurts, and bread.
Numerical modeling of the interaction between reinforcement and concrete at early age—A comparison between glass fiber reinforced polymer and steel rebars
Authors: Sdiri Ahlem , Kammoun Slim , Daoud Atef 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study has been undertaken for the assessment of steel/glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforced concrete mechanical behavior at an early stage. We developed a numerical model to describe the hydration process by using a chemo‐thermo‐mechanical scheme in ABAQUS finite element software. Mechanical properties of early age concrete versus hydration degree were determined using De Shutter's laws. The thermal and the autogenous strains are numerically implanted. Mazars elastic model was used to describe the concrete cracking. In addition, experimental validation of the established numerical model was performed and compared to the available literature. These data are selected for both plain and steel reinforced early age high‐strength concrete (HSC). Moreover, two mechanical boundary conditions were taken into account in accordance with the numerical simulations. Thermal conditions were considered in isothermal (20°C) and semiadiabatic conditions. Steel rebars were substituted by the GFRP under the same reinforcement percentages and configurations. The Interface between the steel and the GFRP reinforcement, and HSC was considered a perfect surface condition. Numerical predictions of the GFRP reinforcement were compared to those of steel reinforcement. Our results prove that the GFRP rebars restrain the concrete strains more than steel rebars. The GFRP rebar postpones concrete cracking compared to steel reinforcements. Furthermore, the concrete stress in the GFRP reinforced element is lower than the concrete stress in the RC steel.
Research on technology of performance improvement of basic magnesium sulfate cement—BMS
Authors: Zeng Xiangchao , Yu Hongfa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBasic magnesium sulfate cement (BMS) is a new type of magnesium cementitious material, which has similar advantages with magnesium oxychloride cement, such as lightweight, fast setting, high strength, wear resistance, and is not easy to absorb the moisture. It can widely replace magnesium oxychloride cement in the field of building insulation materials. In addition, the BMS has 2.5 times the flexural strength of Portland cement of the same strength grade, and its durability and reinforcement protection performance is similar to Portland cement, which also has a good application prospect in the field of civil engineering. The preparation and hydration process of BMS is reviewed in this paper. The microstructure and properties of BMS, magnesium oxychloride cement and magnesium oxysulfate cement are comparatively analyzed. The effects of content and activity of α‐MgO in the magnesium materials, the type of blending solution, the α‐MgO/MgSO4 ratio, the type and dosage of chemical admixture on the microstructure and properties of BMS were clarified. This paper is helpful for the application of BMS in civil engineering.
Atomistic modeling of electrocatalysis: Are we there yet?
Authors: Abidi Nawras , Lim Kang Rui Garrick , Seh Zhi Wei , Steinmann Stephan N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectrified interfaces play a prime role in energy technologies, from batteries and capacitors to heterogeneous electrocatalysis. The atomistic understanding and modeling of these interfaces is challenging due to the structural complexity and the presence of the electrochemical potential. Including the potential explicitly in the quantum mechanical simulations is equivalent to simulating systems with a surface charge. For realistic relationships between the potential and the surface charge (i.e., the capacity), the solvent and counter charge need to be considered. The solvent and electrolyte description are limited by the computational power: either molecules or ions are included explicitly or implicit solvent and electrolyte descriptions are adopted. The first option is limited by the phase‐space sampling that is at least 10 times too small to reach convergence, while the second is missing a realistic structuring of the interface. Both approaches suffer from a lack of validation against directly comparable experimental data. Furthermore, the limitations of density functional theory in terms of accuracy are critical for these metal/liquid interfaces. Nevertheless, the atomistic insight in electrocatalytic interfaces allows insights with unprecedented details. The joint theoretical and experimental efforts to design non‐noble hydrogen evolution catalysts are discussed as an example for the success of theory to spur and accelerate experimental discoveries.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
New Pathways into Creative Work?
Authors: Taylor Stephanie , Luckman Susan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe experience of aspiring creative workers contrasts sharply with Paul Willis’s classic account of entry to working life from almost half a century ago, in his book, Learning to labour (1977). Creative work entails intellectual rather than physical effort. Unlike secure mid-twentieth-century manufacturing jobs, creative employment tends to be precarious, badly paid and individualised, without either the support or constraints of a collective workplace culture. The long hours of creative work, the pressure to be flexible and mobile, and the high level of personal investment sit uneasily with the claims of workers’ partners and dependents. However, the emotional labour involved in creative work and the pressure to be continuously positive, disclaiming difficulties, may involve a similar denial of self to that described by Willis, despite the much celebrated association of creativity with self-actualisation or its appeal to middle-class aspirants. This concluding chapter considers the pathways that are implied in accounts of contemporary creative work. This chapter questions the promise in the aspirational creative discourses of higher education and creative workplaces, but also notes the agency of workers in negotiating the ups and downs of creative employment. Finally, it considers the significance of a worker viewpoint of a creative pathway.
Quantum maximin surfaces
Authors: Akers Chris , Engelhardt Netta , Penington Geoff , Usatyuk Mykhaylo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We formulate a quantum generalization of maximin surfaces and show that a quantum maximin surface is identical to the minimal quantum extremal surface, introduced in the EW prescription. We discuss various subtleties and complications associated to a maximinimization of the bulk von Neumann entropy due to corners and unboundedness and present arguments that nonetheless a maximinimization of the UV-finite generalized entropy should be well-defined. We give the first general proof that the EW prescription satisfies entanglement wedge nesting and the strong subadditivity inequality. In addition, we apply the quantum maximin technology to prove that recently proposed generalizations of the EW prescription to nonholographic subsystems (including the so-called “quantum extremal islands”) also satisfy entanglement wedge nesting and strong subadditivity. Our results hold in the regime where backreaction of bulk quantum fields can be treated perturbatively in GNħ, but we emphasize that they are valid even when gradients of the bulk entropy are of the same order as variations in the area, a regime recently investigated in new models of black hole evaporation in AdS/CFT.
Model-based assessment of the impact of driver-assist vehicles using kinetic theory
Authors: Piccoli Benedetto , Tosin Andrea , Zanella Mattia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a kinetic description of follow-the-leader traffic models, which we use to study the effect of vehicle-wise driver-assist control strategies at various scales, from that of the local traffic up to that of the macroscopic stream of vehicles. We provide theoretical evidence of the fact that some typical control strategies, such as the alignment of the speeds and the optimisation of the time headways, impact on the local traffic features (for instance, the speed and headway dispersion responsible for local traffic instabilities) but have virtually no effect on the observable macroscopic traffic trends (for instance, the flux/throughput of vehicles). This unobvious conclusion, which is in very nice agreement with recent field studies on autonomous vehicles, suggests that the kinetic approach may be a valid tool for an organic multiscale investigation and possibly the design of driver-assist algorithms.
Heterosis-associated genes confer high yield in super hybrid rice
Authors: Lin Tianzi , Zhou Cong , Chen Gaoming , Yu Jun , Wu Wei , Ge Yuwei , Liu Xiaolan , Li Jin , Jiang Xingzhou , Tang Weijie , Tian Yunlu , Zhao Zhigang , Zhu Chengsong , Wang Chunming , Wan Jianmin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Key message
Heterosis QTLs, including qSS7 and qHD8, with dominance effects were identified through GBS and large-scale phenotyping of CSSLs and hybrid F1 populations in a paddy field.

Abstract
Heterosis has contributed immensely to agricultural production, but its genetic basis is unclear. We evaluated dominance effects by creating two hybrid populations: a B-homo set with a homozygous background and heterozygous chromosomal segments and a B-heter set with a heterozygous background and homozygous segments. This was achieved by crossing a set of 156 backcrossed-derived chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with their recurrent parent (9311), the male parent of the first super-high-yield hybrid Liangyoupei9 (LYP9), and with the female parent (PA64s) of the hybrid. The CSSLs were subjected to a genotyping-by-sequencing analysis to develop a genetic map of segments introduced from the PA64s. We evaluated the heterotic effects on eight yield-related traits in the hybrid variety and F1 populations in large-scale field experiments over 2 years. Using a linkage map consisting of high-density SNPs, we identified heterosis-associated genes in LYP9. Five candidate genes contributed to the high yield of LYP9, with qSS7 and qHD8 repeatedly detected in both B-hybrid populations. The heterozygous segments harboring qSS7 and qHD8 showed dominance effects that contributed to the heterosis of yield components in the hybrid rice variety Liangyoupei9.