bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUCLA2 mutations cause global protein succinylation contributing to the pathomechanism of a hereditary mitochondrial disease
Authors: Gut Philipp , Matilainen Sanna , Meyer Jesse G. , Pällijeff Pieti , Richard Joy , Carroll Christopher J. , Euro Liliya , Jackson Christopher B. , Isohanni Pirjo , Minassian Berge A. , Alkhater Reem A. , Østergaard Elsebet , Civiletto Gabriele , Parisi Alice , Thevenet Jonathan , Rardin Matthew J. , He Wenjuan , Nishida Yuya , Newman John C. , Liu Xiaojing , Christen Stefan , Moco Sofia , Locasale Jason W. , Schilling Birgit , Suomalainen Anu , Verdin Eric 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMitochondrial acyl-coenzyme A species are emerging as important sources of protein modification and damage. Succinyl-CoA ligase (SCL) deficiency causes a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy of unknown pathomechanism. Here, we show that succinyl-CoA accumulates in cells derived from patients with recessive mutations in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) gene succinyl-CoA ligase subunit-β (SUCLA2), causing global protein hyper-succinylation. Using mass spectrometry, we quantify nearly 1,000 protein succinylation sites on 366 proteins from patient-derived fibroblasts and myotubes. Interestingly, hyper-succinylated proteins are distributed across cellular compartments, and many are known targets of the (NAD+)-dependent desuccinylase SIRT5. To test the contribution of hyper-succinylation to disease progression, we develop a zebrafish model of the SCL deficiency and find that SIRT5 gain-of-function reduces global protein succinylation and improves survival. Thus, increased succinyl-CoA levels contribute to the pathology of SCL deficiency through post-translational modifications.
Unconventional Hall response in the quantum limit of HfTe5
Authors: Galeski S. , Zhao X. , Wawrzyńczak R. , Meng T. , Förster T. , Lozano P. M. , Honnali S. , Lamba N. , Ehmcke T. , Markou A. , Li. Q. , Gu G. , Zhu W. , Wosnitza J. , Felser C. , Chen G. F. , Gooth J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInteracting electrons confined to their lowest Landau level in a high magnetic field can form a variety of correlated states, some of which manifest themselves in a Hall effect. Although such states have been predicted to occur in three-dimensional semimetals, a corresponding Hall response has not yet been experimentally observed. Here, we report the observation of an unconventional Hall response in the quantum limit of the bulk semimetal HfTe5, adjacent to the three-dimensional quantum Hall effect of a single electron band at low magnetic fields. The additional plateau-like feature in the Hall conductivity of the lowest Landau level is accompanied by a Shubnikov-de Haas minimum in the longitudinal electrical resistivity and its magnitude relates as 3/5 to the height of the last plateau of the three-dimensional quantum Hall effect. Our findings are consistent with strong electron-electron interactions, stabilizing an unconventional variant of the Hall effect in a three-dimensional material in the quantum limit.
Prebiotically-relevant low polyion multivalency can improve functionality of membraneless compartments
Authors: Cakmak Fatma Pir , Choi Saehyun , Meyer McCauley O. , Bevilacqua Philip C. , Keating Christine D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultivalent polyions can undergo complex coacervation, producing membraneless compartments that accumulate ribozymes and enhance catalysis, and offering a mechanism for functional prebiotic compartmentalization in the origins of life. Here, we evaluate the impact of lower, more prebiotically-relevant, polyion multivalency on the functional performance of coacervates as compartments. Positively and negatively charged homopeptides with 1–100 residues and adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate nucleotides are used as model polyions. Polycation/polyanion pairs are tested for coacervation, and resulting membraneless compartments are analyzed for salt resistance, ability to provide a distinct internal microenvironment (apparent local pH, RNA partitioning), and effect on RNA structure formation. We find that coacervates formed by phase separation of the shorter polyions more effectively generated distinct pH microenvironments, accumulated RNA, and preserved duplexes than those formed by longer polyions. Hence, coacervates formed by reduced multivalency polyions are not only viable as functional compartments for prebiotic chemistries, they can outperform higher molecular weight analogues.
Nanoparticles suppress fluid instabilities in the thermal drawing of ultralong nanowires
Authors: Hwang Injoo , Guan Zeyi , Cao Chezheng , Tang Wenliang , Chui Chi On , Li Xiaochun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUltra-long metal nanowires and their facile fabrication have been long sought after as they promise to offer substantial improvements of performance in numerous applications. However, ultra-long metal ultrafine/nanowires are beyond the capability of current manufacturing techniques, which impose limitations on their size and aspect ratio. Here we show that the limitations imposed by fluid instabilities with thermally drawn nanowires can be alleviated by adding tungsten carbide nanoparticles to the metal core to arrive at wire lengths more than 30 cm with diameters as low as 170 nm. The nanoparticles support thermal drawing in two ways, by increasing the viscosity of the metal and lowering the interfacial energy between the boron silicate and zinc phase. This mechanism of suppressing fluid instability by nanoparticles not only enables a scalable production of ultralong metal nanowires, but also serves for widespread applications in other fluid-related fields.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders: Exploring mitochondrial transplantation
Authors: Norat Pedro , Soldozy Sauson , Sokolowski Jennifer D. , Gorick Catherine M. , Kumar Jeyan S. , Chae Youngrok , Yağmurlu Kaan , Prada Francesco , Walker Melanie , Levitt Michael R. , Price Richard J. , Tvrdik Petr , Kalani M. Yashar S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMitochondria are fundamental for metabolic homeostasis in all multicellular eukaryotes. In the nervous system, mitochondria-generated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required to establish appropriate electrochemical gradients and reliable synaptic transmission. Notably, several mitochondrial defects have been identified in central nervous system disorders. Membrane leakage and electrolyte imbalances, pro-apoptotic pathway activation, and mitophagy are among the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease, as well as ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarize mitochondrial pathways that contribute to disease progression. Further, we discuss pathological states that damaged mitochondria impose on normal nervous system processes and explore new therapeutic approaches to mitochondrial diseases.
Polygenic risk scores for late smoking initiation associated with the risk of schizophrenia
Authors: Ohi Kazutaka , Nishizawa Daisuke , Muto Yukimasa , Sugiyama Shunsuke , Hasegawa Junko , Soda Midori , Kitaichi Kiyoyuki , Hashimoto Ryota , Shioiri Toshiki , Ikeda Kazutaka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPatients with schizophrenia display characteristic smoking-related behaviors and genetic correlations between smoking behaviors and schizophrenia have been identified in European individuals. However, the genetic etiology of the association remains to be clarified. The present study investigated transethnic genetic overlaps between European-based smoking behaviors and the risk of Japanese schizophrenia by conducting polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses. Large-scale European genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets (n = 24,114–74,035) related to four smoking-related intermediate phenotypes [(i) smoking initiation, (ii) age at smoking initiation, (iii) smoking quantity, and (iv) smoking cessation] were utilized as discovery samples. PRSs derived from these discovery GWASs were calculated for 332 Japanese subjects [schizophrenia patients, their unaffected first-degree relatives (FRs), and healthy controls (HCs)] as a target sample. Based on GWASs of European smoking phenotypes, we investigated the effects of PRSs on smoking phenotypes and the risk of schizophrenia in the Japanese population. Of the four smoking-related behaviors, the PRSs for age at smoking initiation in Europeans significantly predicted the age at smoking initiation (R2 = 0.049, p = 0.026) and the PRSs for smoking cessation significantly predicted the smoking cessation (R2 = 0.092, p = 0.027) in Japanese ever-smokers. Furthermore, the PRSs related to age at smoking initiation in Europeans were higher in Japanese schizophrenia patients than in the HCs and those of the FRs were intermediate between those of patients with schizophrenia and those of the HCs (R2 = 0.015, p = 0.015). In our target subjects, patients with schizophrenia had a higher mean age at smoking initiation (p = 0.018) and rate of daily smoking initiation after age 20 years (p = 0.023) compared with the HCs. A total of 60.6% of the patients started to smoke before the onset of schizophrenia. These findings suggest that genetic factors affecting late smoking initiation are associated with the risk of schizophrenia.
LILBID laser dissociation curves: a mass spectrometry-based method for the quantitative assessment of dsDNA binding affinities
Authors: Young Phoebe , Hense Genia , Immer Carina , Wöhnert Jens , Morgner Nina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne current goal in native mass spectrometry is the assignment of binding affinities to noncovalent complexes. Here we introduce a novel implementation of the existing laser-induced liquid bead ion desorption (LILBID) mass spectrometry method: this new method, LILBID laser dissociation curves, assesses binding strengths quantitatively. In all LILBID applications, aqueous sample droplets are irradiated by 3 µm laser pulses. Variation of the laser energy transferred to the droplet during desorption affects the degree of complex dissociation. In LILBID laser dissociation curves, laser energy transfer is purposely varied, and a binding affinity is calculated from the resulting complex dissociation. A series of dsDNAs with different binding affinities was assessed using LILBID laser dissociation curves. The binding affinity results from the LILBID laser dissociation curves strongly correlated with the melting temperatures from UV melting curves and with dissociation constants from isothermal titration calorimetry, standard solution phase methods. LILBID laser dissociation curve data also showed good reproducibility and successfully predicted the melting temperatures and dissociation constants of three DNA sequences. LILBID laser dissociation curves are a promising native mass spectrometry binding affinity method, with reduced time and sample consumption compared to melting curves or titrations.
Intrathecal kappa free light chains as markers for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Vecchio D. , Bellomo G. , Serino R. , Virgilio E. , Lamonaca M. , Dianzani U. , Cantello R. , Comi C. , Crespi I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kappa free light chain (KFLC) index has been described as a reliable marker of intrathecal IgG synthesis to diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS). Our aims were: (1) to compare the efficiency of KFLC through different interpretation approaches in diagnosing MS. (2) to evaluate the prognostic value of KFLC in radiologically and clinically isolated syndromes (RIS-CIS). We enrolled 133 MS patients and 240 with other neurological diseases (93 inflammatory including 18 RIS-CIS, 147 non-inflammatory). Albumin, lambda free light chain (LFLC) and KFLC were measured in the CSF and serum by nephelometry. We included two groups of markers: (a) corrected for blood-CSF barrier permeability: immunoglobulin G (IgG), KFLC and LFLC indexes. (b) CSF ratios (not including albumin and serum-correction): CSF KFLC/LFLC, CSF KFLC/IgG, CSF LFLC/IgG. KFLC were significantly higher in MS patients compared to those with other diseases (both inflammatory or not). KFLC index and CSF KFLC/IgG ratio showed high sensitivity (93% and 86.5%) and moderate specificity (85% and 88%) in diagnosing MS. RIS-CIS patients who converted to MS showed greater KFLC index and CSF KFLC/IgG. Despite OB are confirmed to be the gold-standard to detect intrathecal IgG synthesis, the KFLC confirmed their accuracy in MS diagnosis. A “kappa-oriented” response characterizes MS and has a prognostic impact in the RIS-CIS population.
In vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity of minor cannabinoids isolated from Cannabis sativa
Authors: Zagzoog Ayat , Mohamed Kawthar A. , Kim Hye Ji J. , Kim Eunhyun D. , Frank Connor S. , Black Tallan , Jadhav Pramodkumar D. , Holbrook Larry A. , Laprairie Robert B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Cannabis sativa plant contains more than 120 cannabinoids. With the exceptions of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), comparatively little is known about the pharmacology of the less-abundant plant-derived (phyto) cannabinoids. The best-studied transducers of cannabinoid-dependent effects are type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R, CB2R). Partial agonism of CB1R by ∆9-THC is known to bring about the ‘high’ associated with Cannabis use, as well as the pain-, appetite-, and anxiety-modulating effects that are potentially therapeutic. CB2R activation by certain cannabinoids has been associated with anti-inflammatory activities. We assessed the activity of 8 phytocannabinoids at human CB1R, and CB2R in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing these receptors and in C57BL/6 mice in an attempt to better understand their pharmacodynamics. Specifically, ∆9-THC, ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (∆9-THCa), ∆9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), CBD, cannabidiolic acid (CBDa), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabichromene (CBC) were evaluated. Compounds were assessed for their affinity to receptors, ability to inhibit cAMP accumulation, βarrestin2 recruitment, receptor selectivity, and ligand bias in cell culture; and cataleptic, hypothermic, anti-nociceptive, hypolocomotive, and anxiolytic effects in mice. Our data reveal partial agonist activity for many phytocannabinoids tested at CB1R and/or CB2R, as well as in vivo responses often associated with activation of CB1R. These data build on the growing body of literature showing cannabinoid receptor-dependent pharmacology for these less-abundant phytocannabinoids and are critical in understanding the complex and interactive pharmacology of Cannabis-derived molecules.
Planktonic foraminifera eDNA signature deposited on the seafloor remains preserved after burial in marine sediments
Authors: Barrenechea Angeles Inès , Lejzerowicz Franck , Cordier Tristan , Scheplitz Janin , Kucera Michal , Ariztegui Daniel , Pawlowski Jan , Morard Raphaël 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding of marine sediments has revealed large amounts of sequences assigned to planktonic taxa. How this planktonic eDNA is delivered on the seafloor and preserved in the sediment is not well understood. We address these questions by comparing metabarcoding and microfossil foraminifera assemblages in sediment cores taken off Newfoundland across a strong ecological gradient. We detected planktonic foraminifera eDNA down to 30 cm and observed that the planktonic/benthic amplicon ratio changed with depth. The relative proportion of planktonic foraminiferal amplicons remained low from the surface down to 10 cm, likely due to the presence of DNA from living benthic foraminifera. Below 10 cm, the relative proportion of planktonic foraminifera amplicons rocketed, likely reflecting the higher proportion of planktonic eDNA in the DNA burial flux. In addition, the microfossil and metabarcoding assemblages showed a congruent pattern indicating that planktonic foraminifera eDNA is deposited without substantial lateral advection and preserves regional biogeographical patterns, indicating deposition by a similar mechanism as the foraminiferal shells. Our study shows that the planktonic eDNA preserved in marine sediments has the potential to record climatic and biotic changes in the pelagic community with the same spatial and temporal resolution as microfossils.
Time-dynamic pulse modulation of spinal cord stimulation reduces mechanical hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain in rats
Authors: Edhi Muhammad M. , Heijmans Lonne , Vanent Kevin N. , Bloye Kiernan , Baanante Amanda , Jeong Ki-Soo , Leung Jason , Zhu Changfang , Esteller Rosana , Saab Carl Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnhancing the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is needed to alleviate the burden of chronic pain and dependence on opioids. Present SCS therapies are characterized by the delivery of constant stimulation in the form of trains of tonic pulses (TPs). We tested the hypothesis that modulated SCS using novel time-dynamic pulses (TDPs) leads to improved analgesia and compared the effects of SCS using conventional TPs and a collection of TDPs in a rat model of neuropathic pain according to a longitudinal, double-blind, and crossover design. We tested the effects of the following SCS patterns on paw withdrawal threshold and resting state EEG theta power as a biomarker of spontaneous pain: Tonic (conventional), amplitude modulation, pulse width modulation, sinusoidal rate modulation, and stochastic rate modulation. Results demonstrated that under the parameter settings tested in this study, all tested patterns except pulse width modulation, significantly reversed mechanical hypersensitivity, with stochastic rate modulation achieving the highest efficacy, followed by the sinusoidal rate modulation. The anti-nociceptive effects of sinusoidal rate modulation on EEG outlasted SCS duration on the behavioral and EEG levels. These results suggest that TDP modulation may improve clinical outcomes by reducing pain intensity and possibly improving the sensory experience.
First-principles Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in a non-collinear framework
Authors: Cardias R. , Szilva A. , Bezerra-Neto M. M. , Ribeiro M. S. , Bergman A. , Kvashnin Y. O. , Fransson J. , Klautau A. B. , Eriksson O. , Nordström L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe have derived an expression of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), where all the three components of the DMI vector can be calculated independently, for a general, non-collinear magnetic configuration. The formalism is implemented in a real space—linear muffin-tin orbital—atomic sphere approximation (RS-LMTO-ASA) method. We have chosen the Cr triangular trimer on Au(111) and Mn triangular trimers on Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces as numerical examples. The results show that the DMI (module and direction) is drastically different between collinear and non-collinear states. Based on the relation between the spin and charge currents flowing in the system and their coupling to the non-collinear magnetic configuration of the triangular trimer, we demonstrate that the DMI interaction can be significant, even in the absence of spin-orbit coupling. This is shown to emanate from the non-collinear magnetic structure, that can induce significant spin and charge currents even with spin-orbit coupling is ignored.
The generation of marine litter in Mediterranean island beaches as an effect of tourism and its mitigation
Authors: Grelaud Michaël , Ziveri Patrizia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Mediterranean Sea and its coastal systems are threatened by intense anthropogenic pressures including rapid accumulation of marine litter by diverse human activities. The region, which is the world’s leading touristic destination, has to face a seasonal increase of waste generation due to the seasonal influx of visitors. The beaches, extremely crowded during the summer, are particularly vulnerable since they are proven to be concentrated accumulation zones and one of the main gateways of litter to enter the marine system. We found that the accumulation rates of marine litter on Mediterranean island beaches follow a seasonal pattern, increasing up to 4.7 times during the high season, representing a daily load of (40.6 ± 11.5) 106 items/day extrapolated to all the islands of the region. We developed an accumulation index to assess the dynamics of marine litter and support efficient mitigation strategies by local authorities. To limit marine litter production attributable to recreational activities, a series of pilot actions implemented during the high touristic season, demonstrated a substantial reduction (up to 52.5%). The implementation towards an efficient and sustainable tourism business model is urgently required.
Musical coordination in a large group without plans nor leaders
Authors: Goupil Louise , Saint-Germier Pierre , Rouvier Gaëlle , Schwarz Diemo , Canonne Clément 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA widespread belief is that large groups engaged in joint actions that require a high level of flexibility are unable to coordinate without the introduction of additional resources such as shared plans or hierarchical organizations. Here, we put this belief to a test, by empirically investigating coordination within a large group of 16 musicians performing collective free improvisation—a genre in which improvisers aim at creating music that is as complex and unprecedented as possible without relying on shared plans or on an external conductor. We show that musicians freely improvising within a large ensemble can achieve significant levels of coordination, both at the level of theirmusical actions(i.e., their individual decisions to play or to stop playing) and at the level of theirdirectional intentions(i.e., their intentions to change or to support the music produced by the group). Taken together, these results invite us to reconsider the range and scope of actions achievable by large groups, and to explore alternative organizational models that emphasize decentralized and unscripted forms of collective behavior.
Broadband bifunctional Luneburg–Fisheye lens based on anisotropic metasurface
Authors: Chen Jiaqing , Zhao Yongjiu , Xing Lei , He Zheng , Sun Luyang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLuneburg lenses and Maxwell fisheye lenses possess distinct properties of focusing, well beyond conventional lenses made of uniform materials. In this paper, a planar broadband bifunctional Luneburg-fisheye lens synthesized by gradient anisotropic metasurface is proposed. The proposed anisotropic metasurface is formed by non-resonant anisotropic cells, so that it can independently realize the equivalent gradient refractive indexes of Luneburg lens and Maxwell fisheye lens along orthogonal directions in a broad band, respectively. To verify the performance of the bifunctional lens, a prototype associated with a feeding log-periodic dipole antenna has been fabricated. Experimental results show that the proposed lens functions well over a wide frequency range with high efficiency and low profile, which coincides well with theoretical predictions and simulated results. It is expected that the proposed design will facilitate the applications of multifunctional metadevices in microwave and optical ranges.