bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum small extracellular vesicle‐derived LINC00853 as a novel diagnostic marker for early hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kim Soon Sun , Baek Geum Ok , Ahn Hye Ri , Sung Suna , Seo Chul Won , Cho Hyo Jung , Nam Suk Woo , Cheong Jae Youn , Eun Jung Woo 
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to identify novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using publicly available tissue genomic datasets and validate their diagnostic utility for early‐stage HCC. Differentially expressed lncRNAs between 371 HCC and 50 nontumor tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas liver hepatocellular carcinoma (TCGA_LIHC) project. Subsequently, the expression of the serum‐ and extracellular vesicle (EV)‐derived lncRNA was assessed in 10 patients with HCC and 10 healthy controls using RT–qPCR. The candidate lncRNAs were validated in 90 HCC and 92 non‐HCC (29 healthy control, 28 chronic hepatitis, 35 liver cirrhosis) patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated for the candidate lncRNAs and the current HCC biomarker, alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP). SFTA1P, HOTTIP, HAGLROS, LINC01419, HAGLR, CRNDE, and LINC00853 were markedly upregulated in HCC in TCGA_LIHC dataset. Among them, LINC00853 has not been reported in relation to HCC before. In patients with HCC, only expression of small EV‐derived LINC00853 (EV‐LINC00853) was increased. EV‐LINC00853 showed excellent discriminatory ability in the diagnosis of all‐stage HCC (AUC = 0.934, 95% confidence interval = 0.887–0.966). Moreover, using a 14‐fold increase and 20 ng·mL−1 as cutoffs for EV‐LINC00853 expression and AFP level, respectively, EV‐LINC00853 was found to have a sensitivity of 93.75% and specificity of 89.77%, while AFP showed only 9.38% sensitivity and 72.73% specificity for the diagnosis of early‐stage HCC (mUICC stage I). EV‐LINC00853 had a positivity of 97% and 67% in AFP‐negative and AFP‐positive early HCC, respectively. Serum EV‐derived LINC00853 may be a novel potential diagnostic biomarker for early HCC, especially for AFP‐negative HCC.
Racial Differences in Contraception Encounters and Dispensing Among Female Medicaid Beneficiaries With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Williams Jessica N. , Xu Chang , Costenbader Karen H. , Bermas Bonnie L. , Pace Lydia E. , Feldman Candace H. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveAfrican American and Hispanic women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have the highest rates of potentially avoidable pregnancy complications, yet racial disparities in family planning among reproductive‐age women with SLE have not been well‐studied. Our objective was to examine whether there are racial differences in contraception encounters and dispensing among US Medicaid‐insured women with SLE.MethodsUsing Medicaid claims data from 2000–2010, we identified women ages 18–50 years with SLE. We examined contraception encounters and uptake over 24 months. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval by race/ethnicity of contraception encounters, any contraception dispensing, and highly effective contraception (HEC) use, adjusted for age, region, year, SLE severity, and contraindication to estrogen. We also compared contraception encounters and dispensing among women with SLE to the general population and women with diabetes mellitus.ResultsWe identified 24,693 reproductive‐age women with SLE; 43% were African American, 35% White, 15% Hispanic, 4% Asian, 2% other race, and 1% American Indian/Alaska Native. Nine percent had a contraceptive visit, 10% received any contraception, and 2% received HEC. Compared to White women, African American and Asian women had lower odds of contraception dispensing, and African American women had lower odds of HEC use. Women with SLE were more likely to receive HEC than the general population and women with diabetes mellitus.ConclusionIn this study of reproductive‐age women with SLE, African American and Asian women had lower odds of contraception dispensing and African American women had lower odds of HEC use. Further study is needed to understand the factors driving these racial disparities among this population.
Determination of Sitotroga cerealella infestation in wheat seeds by radiographic and multispectral images
Authors: França‐Silva Fabiano , Rego Carlos Henrique Queiroz , Gomes‐Junior Francisco Guilhien , Brancaglioni Vivian Aparecida , Hirai Welinton Yoshio , Rodrigues Daniele Brandstetter , Almeida Andreia da Silva , Martins Andrea Bicca Noguez , Tunes Lilian Vanussa Madruga de 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRadiographic and multispectral image analysis have potential to be efficient, objective methods for assessing seed quality and internal insect infestation. The aim of this study was to verify the efficiency of radiographic and multispectral analysis in detecting signs and damage caused by Angoumois grain moth [Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier)] and its different developmental stages in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six replications of 50 seeds. The samples were subjected to laboratory‐induced infestation and after 5 and 10 d, radiographic and multispectral analysis were conducted. Afterwards, the seeds were immersed in water for 24 h and then sectioned with a cutting blade. The number of seeds with signs of eggs or oviposition, larvae, pupae, adult insects and insect galleries was quantified. The generalized linear models (GLM) methodology was used and the Tukey test (p < .05) was used to compare the means. In general, the radiographic (with or without contrast) and multispectral methods are viable tools to evaluate insect‐infested and uninfested wheat seeds. Multispectral analysis was efficient only in identifying eggs on the seed surface and does not detect the presence of larvae and pupae inside the seeds.
Societal attitudes towards in ovo gender determination as an alternative to chick culling
Authors: Reithmayer Corrina , Danne Michael , Mußhoff Oliver 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn ovo gender determination of incubated eggs can be a large‐scale substitute to the culling of male chicks in layer hen production. However, the technology raises new ethical concerns which relate to the sensitivity of the embryo, as well as how the screened out eggs will be used afterward and the accuracy of gender determination. To comprehensively investigate consumer attitudes towards this new technology, a questionnaire including a choice experiment was distributed to a representative sample of 482 German consumers between December 2018 and March 2019. The data was analyzed by an explorative factor analysis and a latent class analysis. Results indicate that the sample can be divided into four segments, which differ in preferences for production attributes, attitudes, and price sensitivity. Attitudinal differences are found regarding respondents' approval of the technical advances in agricultural production, confidence in legal regulations, and the endorsement of enhanced livestock production conditions. Both a meaningful usage of by‐products and a high rate of accuracy are crucial factors for the acceptance of in ovo gender determination for a majority of respondents. However, the response behavior of one segment, representing 11% of the sample, indicates the disapproval of both chick culling and in ovo screening.[EconLit Citations: Q160, Q510].
Programmed death ligand‐1 expression in gastrointestinal cancer: Clinical significance and future challenges
Authors: Yamashita Kohei , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Ajani Jaffer A. , Baba Hideo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has caused a paradigm shift from conventional therapies that directly target cancer cells to innovative therapies that utilize the host immune system. In particular, programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1)/programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) inhibitors have achieved an impressive breakthrough and been approved for clinical use in several types of cancer including gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. To identify and develop predictive biomarkers for PD‐1 inhibitors is of great concern in clinical practice. Although PD‐L1 expression is considered a logical biomarker as PD‐L1 is a substantial target of the immune checkpoint inhibitors, its clinical significance in GI cancer remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for PD‐L1 expression as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in GI cancer from recent publications, and emerging evidence from recent key clinical trials on the efficacy of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors. Challenging clinical issues for PD‐L1 assessment are then discussed from the viewpoint of the methodology for PD‐L1 evaluation including the differences in PD‐L1 detection assays and evaluation criteria for PD‐L1 positivity. Moreover, we highlight the biological features of PD‐L1 expression in terms of tumor spatial and temporal heterogeneity, which suggests important implications for biomarker analysis. Finally, we describe future perspectives using liquid biopsy for better assessment of PD‐L1 status. This new information should improve our understanding of the clinical significance of PD‐L1 in GI cancer, leading to optimal patient selection and treatment strategy for the clinical use of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in patients with GI cancer.
Challenges and shifting treatment strategies in the surgical treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Kim Ho Seung , Kim Nam Kyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe current standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) in Korea and Western countries is a multimodal approach incorporating preoperative long‐course chemoradiotherapy (LCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) and adjuvant chemotherapy. This approach has significantly improved local control and reduced recurrence rates; however, the overall survival benefit has not been established. Although LCRT is a good option, there remain challenging unresolved problems for colorectal surgeons. We focused on four challenging issues in this review article. The first is LARC with resectable liver metastases, for which there has been no consensus regarding optimal management and practice thus far. The second is cancer progression at the time of restaging after completion of preoperative LCRT. To date, there have been few reports on this issue. The third is early recurrence after TME following preoperative LCRT, the reason for which is thought to be the delayed systemic chemotherapy in the preoperative LCRT protocol. The fourth is cost‐effectiveness. The preoperative LCRT protocol takes 5 weeks. After a 6‐8‐week waiting period, surgery is performed. Therefore, it is more time‐consuming than short‐course chemoradiotherapy. To overcome these issues, total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) modalities, performed using various protocols, have been conducted globally based on cumulative experience. We also attempted to discuss previous TNT protocols in this article. One treatment strategy is not sufficient for patients with varying clinical characteristics. Therefore, we should revisit current treatment strategies based on recent clinical experience.
Kabuki syndrome with midgut malrotation and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: A rare co‐occurrence from Thailand
Authors: Phetthong Tim , Tim‐Aroon Thipwimol , Khongkrapan Arthaporn , Poomthavorn Preamrudee , Wattanasirichaigoon Duangrurdee 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare heterogeneous phenotypic genetic syndrome, characterized by hypotonia, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability with typical facial features. It is challenging to diagnose KS in newborn and young infant. We report a Thai girl who presented with two rare co‐occurrence phenotypes, hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and midgut malrotation. She had not have distinctive facial dysmorphism during neonatal period. At 4 months of age, she had poor weight gain with some facial features suggestive KS. Singleton whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out followed by Sanger sequencing of the supposed variant. The result indicated a novel de novo heterozygous KMT2D mutation, c.15364A>T (p.Lys5122*), confirming KS. Our patient revealed rare clinical manifestations from the diverse population and address the benefit of WES in establishing early diagnosis of KS before typical facial gestalt exhibited, which allows timely and appropriate management to maximize developmental achievement.
Observation of Collective Photoswitching in Free‐Standing TATA‐Based Azobenzenes on Au(111)
Authors: Rusch Talina R. , Schlimm Alexander , Krekiehn Nicolai R. , Tellkamp Tobias , Budzák Šimon , Jacquemin Denis , Tuczek Felix , Herges Rainer , Magnussen Olaf M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLight‐induced transitions between the trans and cis isomer of triazatriangulenium‐based azobenzene derivatives on Au(111) surfaces were observed directly by scanning tunneling microscopy, allowing atomic‐scale studies of the photoisomerization kinetics. Although the azobenzene units in these adlayers are free‐standing and spaced at uniform distances of 1.26 nm, their photoswitching depends on the isomeric state of the surrounding molecules and, specifically, is accelerated by neighboring cis isomers. These collective effects are supported by ab initio calculations indicating that the electronic excitation preferably localizes on the n–π* state of trans isomers with neighboring cis azobenzenes.
Designable Aluminum Molecular Rings: Ring Expansion and Ligand Functionalization
Authors: Geng Lin , Liu Chen‐Hui , Wang San‐Tai , Fang Wei‐Hui , Zhang Jian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPresented herein are the AlIII molecular ring architectures from 8‐ring to 16‐ring. Although there are numerous reported cyclic coordination compounds based on transition metals, gallium, or lanthanides, the Al versions are less developed due to the fast hydrolysis nature of Al3+ ion. With the assistant of monohydric alcohols, a series of atomic precisely Al molecular rings based on benzoates are synthesized. The ring expansion of these Al‐rings from 8‐ring to 16‐ring is related to the monohydric alcohol structure‐directing agents. Moreover, the organic ligands on the Al‐rings can be modified by using various benzoate derivatives, which lead to tunable surface properties of the Al‐rings from hydrophilicity to ultra‐hydrophobicity. Importantly, 4‐aminobenzoic acid bridged 16‐ring is soluble in organic solvents and exhibits high solution stability revealed by mass spectroscopy. Ligand substitution also can be performed between these Al‐rings, which reveal controllable ligand functionalization of these Al‐rings.
Does technological innovation reduce water pollution intensity in the context of informal environmental regulation?
Authors: Ma Yadong , Cao Hongmei , Ma Yu , Wu Sijian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the new era of Chinese economy stepping toward high‐quality development, with the enhancement of the public environmental protection awareness and continuous improvement of technological innovation level, it is of great significance to study how technological innovation reduces water contamination against unofficial environmental regulations, which is also the primary task of construction of ecological civilization. The purpose of this paper is to study the contribution of technological innovation to water pollution intensity at different quantile levels and to test the nonlinear relationship between technological innovation and water pollution emission intensity under informal environmental pollution. On the basis of the provincial panel data of China from 2002 to 2018, the model of quantile and panel threshold was constructed to empirically analyze the structural mutation and threshold effects of technological innovation on the intensity of water pollution in China against the environment of informal environmental regulation. The study found that the marginal effects of technological innovation on the intensity of water pollution in China had undergone structural changes. Under different water pollution intensity, technological innovation can reduce pollution between 0.167% and 0.415%; with informal environmental regulation as the threshold variable, when the intensity of informal environmental regulation is less than the threshold value of 0.2168, technological innovation has a significant inhibitory effect on China's water pollution intensity, and when the intensity of informal environmental regulation exceeds the threshold value, the mitigation effect of technological innovation on China's water pollution intensity is more significant. The inhibition effect of technological innovation on water pollution emission intensity changed from 0.437 to 0.474. Therefore, when formulating environmental pollution policies, local governments should make rational use of informal environmental regulations and technological innovation, improve the informal environmental regulation system, and promote water pollution control with science and technology.
Rietveld‐based quantitative phase analysis of B‐type starch crystals subjected to ultrasound and hydrolysis processes
Authors: Pinto Camila Costa , Campelo Pedro Henrique , Michielon de Souza Sérgio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe functional properties of starch could be improved with structural tuning through a number of processing techniques, intensely explored in the past few years by several industries such as food, pharmacology, paper and cosmetics. The current work proposes a model for determining the crystallinity of B‐type Starch based only on X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement method (RM). A sample of food grade potato starch (described as B‐type Starch) was submitted to structural modifications using high energy ultrasound followed by acid hydrolysis. The sample was thereby studied by powder XRD measurements and later refined using RM. Apparent crystallite sizes were found to be stable after ultrasound processing, while the crystallinity increased 10% after hydrolysis. Hence, this procedure provides an easy and alternative approach for estimating the crystallinity and the crystallite sizes of the starch sample.
New Medications Are Needed for Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Brunner Hermine I. , Schanberg Laura E. , Kimura Yukiko , Dennos Anne , Co Dominic O. , Colbert Robert A. , Fuhlbrigge Robert C. , Goldmuntz Ellen , Kingsbury Daniel J. , Patty‐Resk Cathy , Mintz Sandra , Onel Karen , Rider Lisa G. , Schneider Rayfel , Watts Allen , von Scheven Emily , Lovell Daniel J. , Beukelman Timothy ,   the PRCSG Advisory Council and the CARRA Registry Investigators
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo document the need for additional Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved medications for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsThe electronic medical records of JIA patients treated at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) and data from JIA patients enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry were included in this study. Unmet medication need was defined in 2 ways: (a) the presence of chronically uncontrolled JIA, defined as a physician global assessment of JIA activity ≥3 (on a 0–10 scale, where 0 = inactive) OR ≥3 joints with active arthritis OR a patient global assessment of well‐being ≥3 (on a 0–10 scale, where 0 = very well), despite sequential use of ≥2 biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs); and (b) the use of ≥1 bDMARD not approved for any JIA category.ResultsAt CCHMC, 829 of 1,599 JIA patients (52%) were treated with ≥1 bDMARD, and 304 (19%) had been exposed to ≥1 unapproved bDMARD. In the CARRA Registry, 4,766 of 7,379 children (65%) had received ≥1 bDMARD, and 1,122 (15%) had been prescribed ≥1 unapproved bDMARD. Of those children treated with ≥2 bDMARDs for whom complete data were available, 52% (255 of 487) at CCHMC and 45% (527 of 1,159) in the CARRA Registry had chronically uncontrolled JIA despite the use of ≥2 bDMARDs.ConclusionDespite the availability of bDMARDs currently approved for JIA, there is persistent need for additional therapies to control JIA signs and symptoms. Since FDA approval is critical to ensure access to bDMARDs, the study and licensing of new medications is critical to address the unmet medication need and to further improve JIA outcomes.
Co‐Catalyst‐Free Chemical Fixation of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates by using Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Singh Dhankhar Sandeep , Ugale Bharat , Nagaraja C. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is increasing at an alarming rate resulting in undesirable environmental issues. To mitigate this growing concentration of CO2, selective carbon capture and storage/sequestration (CCS) are being investigated intensively. However, CCS technology is considered as an expensive and energy‐intensive process. In this context, selective carbon capture and utilization (CCU) as a C1 feedstock to synthesize value‐added chemicals and fuels is a promising step towards lowering the concentration of the atmospheric CO2 and for the production of high‐value chemicals. Towards this direction, several strategies have been developed to convert CO2, a Greenhouse gas (GHG) into useful chemicals by forming C−N, C−O, C−C, and C−H bonds. Among the various CO2 functionalization processes known, the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides has gained considerable interest owing to its 100% atom‐economic nature producing cyclic carbonates or polycarbonates in high yield and selectivity. Among the various classes of catalysts studied for cycloaddition of CO2 to cyclic carbonates, porous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained a special interest due to their modular nature facilitating the introduction of a high density of Lewis acidic (LA) and CO2‐philic Lewis basic (LB) functionalities. However, most of the MOF‐based catalysts reported for cycloaddition of CO2 to respective cyclic carbonates in high yields require additional co‐catalyst, say tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide (TBAB). On the contrary, the co‐catalyst‐free conversion of CO2 using rationally designed MOFs composed of both LA and LB sites is relatively less studied. In this review, we provide a comprehensive account of the research progress in the design of MOF based catalysts for environment‐friendly, co‐catalyst‐free fixation of CO2 into cyclic carbonates.
On discrete‐time LPV control using delayed Lyapunov functions
Authors: Peixoto Márcia L. C. , Lacerda Márcio J. , Palhares Reinaldo M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper presents new stabilization conditions for discrete‐time linear parameter‐varying systems in the form of linear matrix inequalities. The use of Lyapunov functions with dependence on delayed scheduling parameters is introduced. In addition, a lifted condition based on a Lyapunov function with dependence on delayed scheduling parameters, constructed in terms of an augmented state vector that takes into account a generic number of higher‐order shifted states, is presented. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the advantages of the proposed approach when compared to other techniques from the literature.