bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue life estimation of components with use a non-linear energy model coupled a finite element method
Authors: AID Abdelkrim , ABDERRAHMANE Aissa , BENDOUBA Mostefa , DJEBLI Abdelkader , El Ganaoui Mohammed 
Published: February 2020

The work presents a non-linear fatigue computation method together with finite element method, in which energy parameter has been used. The Proposed model has been used for simulation computations, based on experimental testing of Al-2024 aluminum alloy specimens subjected to two types of loads, i.e. variable blocs loading and random loading. Computations of energy parameter value have been donebased on the results of FEM elastic–plastic analysis of cyclic properties of a material.
A computing Matlab-based algorithm of the fatigue life prediction methodology was developed. The proposed damage indicator is connected cycle by cycle to the Wöhler curve. Cycles were counted with the rain-flow algorithm, and damage was accumulated with this model and with the Palmgren–Miner rule. On the grounds of which fatigue life has been read off from only characteristics of specimens. An experimental verification shows a satisfactory agreement between the fatigue life calculation results by the proposed methodology and test results. Estimated and experimental lives are found to exhibit good agreement.
Der schwierige Atemweg auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Kandaouroff Timm , Bone Hans-Georg 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungEtwa 20% aller Atemwegssicherungen auf der Intensivstation werden als schwierig beschrieben. Die eingeschränkte physiologische Reserve des Intensivpatienten in der oft dringlichen Situation, die räumliche Enge und die Inhomogenität der ärztlichen Besetzung stellen wesentliche Unterschiede gegenüber der Atemwegssicherung im OP dar. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über diese Besonderheiten und skizziert eine mögliche Herangehensweise.
Sequentielle Immuncheckpoint-Inhibition beim Merkelzellkarzinom
Authors: Mohr A. , Langan E. A. , Terheyden P. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Merkelzellkarzinom (MCC) ist der Hauttumor mit der höchsten Mortalität. Auf eine Therapie mit Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren spricht zwar mehr als die Hälfte der metastasierten Patienten an, es ist aber nicht bekannt, wie bei Patienten, die nur unzureichend oder nicht mehr von einer PD-1- oder PD-L1-Blockade profitieren, vorzugehen ist.Wir stellen einen 67-jährigen Patienten mit multiplen Lebermetastasen eines MCC vor. Die Erstdiagnose wurde 5 Jahre vor Auftreten der Fernmetastasierung gestellt. Nachdem es unter einer Chemotherapie mit Paclitaxel und Carboplatin als Erstlinientherapie zu einem Progress der Lebermetastasen gekommen war, wurde eine Therapie mit dem Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitor Avelumab (anti-PD-L1-Antikörper) eingeleitet. Unter dieser Therapie zeigte sich trotz initialen guten Ansprechens im 1. Staging nach 6 Gaben ein Progress einer Lebermetastase bei stabilem Befund weiterer Lebermetastasen. Der Patient wurde wegen der progredienten Lebermetastase hemihepatektomiert. In der Folge bildeten sich weitere Lebermetastasen, sodass eine Therapie mit dem PD-1-Inhibitor Pembrolizumab eingeleitet wurde. Unter dieser Therapie zeigte sich nun eine über mehr als 2 Jahre anhaltende und fortbestehende komplette Remission.Dieser Fall könnte darauf hinweisen, dass beide Moleküle unterschiedliche Wirkmechanismen haben und ein sequentielles Vorgehen eine sinnvolle Strategie sein kann. Wir empfehlen, zu dieser Frage eine gezielte klinische Studie durchzuführen.
Initial amyopathische Dermatomyositis mit Lungenbeteiligung und Anti-MDA5-Antikörpern
Authors: Schumacher N. , Rudolphi P. , Zillikens D. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Dermatomyositis ist eine chronisch-inflammatorische Erkrankung mit charakteristischen Hautveränderungen und unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägter Myopathie. Einige Patienten zeigen zwar typische Hauteffloreszenzen, präsentieren sich jedoch zunächst ohne erkennbare (amyopathisch) oder mit geringer (hypomyopathisch) klinischer und laborchemischer Muskelbeteiligung. In diesen Fällen kann die fehlende Muskelbeteiligung zu einer verzögerten Diagnosestellung und daraus resultierender Verschlechterung der Prognose führen. Myositis-spezifische Autoantikörper können in dieser Situation bei der diagnostischen und prognostischen Einordnung helfen. Hierzu zählen unter anderem Antikörper gegen das melanoma differentiation antigen 5 (Anti-MDA5), die mit hoher Spezifität bei der amyopathischen Dermatomyositis, assoziiert mit interstitieller Lungenerkrankung, nachweisbar sind. Wir präsentieren den Fall einer 56-jährigen Patientin mit unspezifischer klinischer und laborchemischer Symptomatik, bei der erst die Korrelation aus Klinik, Histopathologie und Nachweis von Anti-MDA5-Antikörpern zur Diagnosesicherung einer initial amyopathischen Dermatomyositis mit Lungenbeteiligung führte.
Swinging-Flashlight-Test – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Demberg Lilian , Ehrt Oliver 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Abklärung unklarer Sehstörungen ist ein schwieriger Prozess. Dem Swinging-Flashlight-Test kommt aufgrund fehlender Invasivität, schneller Durchführbarkeit und seinem großen differenzialdiagnostischen Wert eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Abklärung unklarer Sehstörungen zu – vorausgesetzt er wird korrekt durchgeführt.
Vulnerabilität von COPD-Patienten für Hitzestress und Luftbelastung
Authors: Hoffmann Christina 
Published: February 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEine zunehmende Zahl von Forschungsarbeiten lieferten Indizien dafür, dass Temperaturextreme und Luftverschmutzung das Exazerbationsrisiko von COPD-Patienten erhöhen können.Im Zusammenhang mit der Gesundheit von COPD-Patienten wurden am häufigsten die Auswirkungen von Feinstaub, Stickstoffoxiden und Ozon, seltener von Kohlenstoffmonoxid oder Schwefeldioxid untersucht. Die beobachteten Assoziationen umfassen verstärkte respiratorische Symptome, Verlust der Lungenfunktion und eine Zunahme von Krankenhausaufnahmen. Schadstoffe in der Luft könnten über folgende Pathomechanismen eine Exazerbation auslösen: Reizung der Lungen, Auslösen einer Entzündungsreaktion, Begünstigung von Infektionen und Reduktion der Ziliarfunktion.Anstiege akuter COPD-Exazerbationen werden sowohl bei kalten Temperaturen im Winter als auch während Hitzewellen im Sommer beobachtet. Die Charakteristika der vulnerablen Patienten unterscheiden sich zwischen den Jahreszeiten. Bei Kälte zeigen ältere COPD-Patienten erhöhte Exazerbationsraten. In heißen Sommern sind Patienten mit kardialer Komorbidität betroffen, sowie Raucher.Wenn wir die Vulnerabilität der Patienten verstehen lernen, kann uns das dabei helfen, Adaptationsstrategien zu entwickeln und Exazerbationen vorzubeugen.
Interprofessionelle Kooperation in klinischen Studien
Authors: Zippel Claus , Giesel Frederik L. , Kopka Klaus 
Published: February 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGUm neue Erkenntnisse in für Patienten nützliche Behandlungsansätze überführen zu können, werden in der medizinischen (onkologischen) Translationsforschung zunehmend prospektive klinische Studien initiiert. Damit diese Studien möglichst effizient und effektiv durchgeführt werden können, bedarf es der engen Kooperation und Kommunikation von Experten aus verschiedenen Berufsgruppen. In diesem Aufsatz beleuchten wir am Beispiel der prospektiven onkologisch-klinischen DKTK-PSMA-Studie der Phasen-I/-II „68Ga-PSMA-11 in Hochrisiko-Prostatakrebs“, welche wesentlichen Professionen bei der Planung, Vorbereitung und Durchführung von (nuklearmedizinisch) klinischen Studien involviert sein können und welche essenziellen Aufgaben diese zur Verwirklichung der Studie leisten. Darauf aufbauend führen wir allgemeine organisatorische Maßnahmen an, durch welche die interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit bei künftig weiteren (nicht nur onkologischen) Studien gefördert werden kann.
Recurrent Infections in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Kini Sanjay , Shanbhag Aravind , Chandramohan Sachin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn 80-year-old woman with recurrent urinary tract infection presented to the orthopaedic OPD at KS Hegde Memorial Health Center, Bailur, with gradual onset of generalized weakness, fatigue, anorexia, musculoskeletal pain, and particularly severe backache. The patient was diagnosed to have anemia but renal function tests were normal. X-ray spine showed multiple compression fractures. Serum electrophoresis confirmed the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. In an elderly patient with myalgia, anemia, and recurrent infections, the differential diagnosis of multiple myeloma should be kept in mind as it is often missed by clinicians.
Awareness Among Dental Undergraduate Students Regarding CAD/CAM Technology—A Survey Report
Authors: Palanisamy Sushmita V. , Hegde Chethan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Contemporary dentistry is advancing toward computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. But the budding dentists are unaware about the advancement. This survey aims at detecting the level of awareness among the undergraduate students and then correlating those results to modify the future curriculum.
Objective The study aims (1) to assess the awareness among the dental undergraduate students and (2) to correlate the level of awareness among the third years, final years, and interns.
Sample Selection Study sample consist of 300 students (third year students, final year students, and interns) of A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The information of the survey was collected with the help of a questionnaire.
Results More than 70% of the students were aware about the basic functioning of CAD/CAM unit and approximately 74% of the students were unaware about the materials used to fabricate the prosthesis using CAD/CAM technology.
Hearing Aid Reimbursement: A Discussion of Influencing Factors
Authors: Fifer Robert C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReimbursement for hearing aids in the present time has become as complicated, if not more so, than any other area of health care. For many years, hearing aids were a noncovered item where insurance was concerned. The predominant model of bundling costs into a single dollar amount was copied decades ago from hearing instrument specialists. However, insurance companies and federal agencies are increasingly covering the cost of the diagnostic hearing evaluation and at least some of the costs associated with hearing aid purchases. One operational question is whether the bundled charge model is still appropriate, or should audiologists follow more closely the example of optometry whereby professional services are charged separately from the cost of goods sold? The models that have evolved constitute a broad mixture of bundling, partial bundling (i.e., partial unbundling), and complete unbundling. There exists no uniformity for which charge method is best. But, with greater frequency, insurance requirements are forcing a movement toward partial or complete unbundling of associated costs. Regardless of which charge model is adopted, calculation of the cost of service delivery for each audiology practice is an essential business component to justify charges and make educated decisions regarding participation in various insurance, cooperative, or network plans.
The Hearing Health Care Journey: Putting Beans in Your Cups
Authors: Harvey Michael A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne of the areas MarkeTrak has explored is the customer journey through hearing health care. The survey has asked question regarding how long they had a hearing loss before they took some type of action, where did they start their journey, why did they obtain hearing instruments or not, and what the hearing instruments cost. To put that journey in perspective, this article looks at the journey of one specific individual and explores their attitudes about their hearing loss through the eyes of a psychologist.
Fighting climate change as a global equity investor
Authors: Mercereau Benoît , Neveux Guillaume , Sertã João Paulo C. C. , Marechal Benoît , Tonolo Gianluca 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHow could global equity investors fight climate change and what are the implications for their portfolios? We construct a new climate alignment database to address these questions. Investors can fight climate change in two ways: by funding firms aligned with a sub 2 °C scenario; and by engaging firms to lower their climate footprint. Investing in climate-aligned firms does not raise portfolio risk much. For example, a simple 1.5 °C equity portfolio is only 0.9 pp more volatile than global equities. The reason is simple: most sectors have climate-aligned firms. Hence, “low-temperature” portfolios can diversify across sectors. Engagement has huge potential. All firms adopting their sector’s existing best practices may bring the world economy back on a 2 °C trajectory. Moreover, engagement does increase portfolio risk, and may even boost returns. Overall, investors can fight climate change without foregoing returns or increasing portfolio risk substantially.
Interrogative marking in Chinese Sign Language
Authors: Lin Hao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Little research has been conducted on interrogative constructions in Chinese Sign Language (CSL) based on
naturalistic data. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of CSL interrogative constructions. Based on findings from
naturalistic data, both manual and non-manual components of these constructions are described and analyzed, revealing a complex
system. Firstly, manual markers in content questions consist of two basic wh-signs, what and how-many, which
form two series of wh-compounds for more specific information retrieval. As for the manual marking of CSL polar questions, three
types of particles are attested, namely yes, a-not-a, and some negators.
Non-manual markers work as interrogative markers in two ways: morphologically and prosodically. The former way is
realized by mouthings, which can be equaled to suprasegmental markers like tones in spoken language. Prosodic non-manual marking
is mainly realized by brow movement while head tilt, eye gaze, etc. are excluded as optional. Considering the spread of brow
movement, we find that polar questions without particles are predominantly marked by brow raise spreading over the entire
sentence, while in interrogatives with manual markers, brow movement seems to be optional, since its frequency is lower and its
spreading behavior less regular. CSL is proposed to be a particle-rich sign language, and some speculations are offered on what
may cause this behavior.
Enhanced laser-driven hadron sources with nanostructured double-layer targets
Authors: Fedeli L , Formenti A , Pazzaglia A , Arioli F M , Tentori A , Passoni M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Laser-driven ion sources are approaching the requirements for several applications in materials and nuclear science. Relying on compact, table-top, femtosecond laser systems is pivotal to enable most of these applications. However, the moderate intensity of these systems (I ≲ 1019 W cm−2) could lead to insufficient energy and total charge of the accelerated ions. The use of solid foils coated with a nanostructured near-critical layer is emerging as a promising targeted solution to enhance the energy and the total charge of the accelerated ions. For an appropriate theoretical understanding of this acceleration scheme, a realistic description of the nanostructure is essential, also to precisely assess its role in the physical processes at play. Here, by means of 3D particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate ion acceleration in this scenario, assessing the role of different realistic nanostructure morphologies, such as fractal-like foams and nanowire forests. With respect to a simple flat foil, the presence of a nanostructure allows for up to a × 3 increase of the maximum ion energy and for a significant increase of the conversion efficiency of laser energy into ion kinetic energy. Simulations show also that the details of the nanostructure morphology affect both the maximum energy of the ions and their angular distribution. Furthermore, combined 3D particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo simulations show that if accelerated ions are used for neutron generation with a beryllium converter, double-layer nanostructured targets allow to greatly enhance the neutron yield. These results suggest that nanostructured double-layer targets could be an essential component to enable applications of hadron sources driven by compact, table-top lasers.
A faster horse on a safer trail: generalized inference for the efficient reconstruction of weighted networks
Authors: Parisi Federica , Squartini Tiziano , Garlaschelli Diego 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Due to the interconnectedness of financial entities, estimating certain key properties of a complex financial system, including the implied level of systemic risk, requires detailed information about the structure of the underlying network of dependencies. However, since data about financial linkages are typically subject to confidentiality, network reconstruction techniques become necessary to infer both the presence of connections and their intensity. Recently, several ‘horse races’ have been conducted to compare the performance of the available financial network reconstruction methods. These comparisons were based on arbitrarily chosen metrics of similarity between the real network and its reconstructed versions. Here we establish a generalized maximum-likelihood approach to rigorously define and compare weighted reconstruction methods. Our generalization uses the maximization of a certain conditional entropy to solve the problem represented by the fact that the density-dependent constraints required to reliably reconstruct the network are typically unobserved and, therefore, cannot enter directly, as sufficient statistics, in the likelihood function. The resulting approach admits as input any reconstruction method for the purely binary topology and, conditionally on the latter, exploits the available partial information to infer link weights. We find that the most reliable method is obtained by ‘dressing’ the best-performing binary method with an exponential distribution of link weights having a properly density-corrected and link-specific mean value and propose two safe (i.e. unbiased in the sense of maximum conditional entropy) variants of it. While the one named CReM
A
is perfectly general (as a particular case, it can place optimal weights on a network if the bare topology is known), the one named CReM
B
is recommended both in case of full uncertainty about the network topology and if the existence of some links is certain. In these cases, the CReM
B
is faster and reproduces empirical networks with highest generalized likelihood among the considered competing models.
Robust matching rules for real quasicrystals
Authors: Kalugin Pavel , Katz André 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We consider the problem of extraction and validation of matching rules, directly from the phased diffraction data of a quasicrystal, and propose an algorithmic procedure to produce the rules of the shortest possible range. We have developed a geometric framework to express such rules together with a homological mechanism enforcing the long-range quasiperiodic order. This mechanism tolerates the presence of defects in a robust way.
Multidimensional Golay-Rudin-Shapiro structures
Authors: Ben-Abraham S I , David Amit 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We extend the standard two-stage construction of the double-sided Golay-Rudin-Shapiro sequence to higher dimensions. We explicitly present the two-dimensional structure which is a convenient paradigm for all natural dimensions. We show also the three-dimensional four-symbol first-stage structure which we call proto-GRS and the final two-symbol Golay-Rudin-Shapiro structure. They may serve as models of disordered equicomposition alloys with some short range order of four and two components, respectively. Finally we show the essential features of the three- and four-dimensional structures.
Single crystal growth, crystal structure and surface characterisation of the binary phase Al45Cr7
Authors: Boulet P , de Weerd M C , Gaudry E , Ledieu J , Fournée V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A single crystal of the Al45Cr7 crystalline approximant has been grown using the Czochralski method. The structure of this phase has been resolved in the C2/m space group. Chromium atoms are systematically surrounded by Al atoms forming a distorted icosahedron. The icosahedra are linked either by a vertex or a triangular face or overlap along a five-fold axis. The (010) surface of this single crystal has been investigated under ultrahigh vacuum and shows a (1x1) termination at specific bulk planes. The terraces have a nanostructured appearance which is ascribed to the preservation of the CrAl12 clusters at the surface. Ab initio calculations shows the presence of a deep pseudogap at the Fermi level, due to both a Hume-Rothery effect combined with strong spd hybridization. The isoelectronic charge densities highlight the fact that the charges are mainly confined within the CrAl12 icosahedron providing support to a certain stability of the clusters which could explain the nanostructured surface morphology encountered. First results on Al thin film deposition on the (010) surface are also reported.
The Performance of Enhancement MOSFET—The trade-off on Transfer and Output Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Wentao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) is commonly used in electronic devices, and one of its major applications is power switching. The main research topic of the paper is to introduce the principles of functioning of n-channel enhancement MOSFET, discuss the trade-off in MOSFET when one factor is changed in order to improve one aspect of its performance and the method to improve the condition of trade-off. The author analyzes the trade-off problems when improving one of the transfer characteristics and output characteristics of MOSFET, respectively by decreasing the thickness of dielectric layer and changing the length and width of the channel. The author demonstrates the results will occur when decreasing the thickness of dielectric layer and length of channel, and increasing the width of channel; at last author introduces the method to relieve the problems of trade-off by applying third generation semiconductor.
The Difficulty and Solution of Mg-doped in GaN
Authors: Cheng Guoting 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
GaN could be the representative third generation semiconductors, it becomes a significant material in the optoelectronic and microelectronic devices. However, the production of atomic H dramatically increases the resistance of Mg-doped GaN Large amount of Mg-H complex are produced during the MOCVD process, dramatically reducing the performance of Mg-doped GaN. Low-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation (LEEBI) could eliminate surface H+ and thus reduce the resistance. Furthermore, Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) could decompose Mg-H complex, increasing the concentration of hole. By studying and improving every method, the electrical properties and optical properties are still not enough. Finally, the research points out the future direction of improving the performance of Mg-doped GaN.