bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From past to future: understanding and accounting for recruitment variability of Australia’s redleg banana prawn (Penaeus indicus) fishery
Authors: Plagányi Éva , Deng Roy Aijun , Hutton Trevor , Kenyon Rob , Lawrence Emma , Upston Judy , Miller Margaret , Moeseneder Chris , Pascoe Sean , Blamey Laura , Eves Stephen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Understanding recruitment variability in marine fisheries has benefits for the stock management and dependent fishers’ ability to plan their income. Here, we overview past and new research on the complex recruitment dynamics of redleg banana prawns Penaeus indicus in Australia’s Joseph Bonaparte Gulf to assess themes dating back to the time of Hjort and identify new challenges. During 2015 and 2016, redleg prawn catches and catch per unit effort decreased to anomalously low levels, suggesting a substantial decrease in prawn biomass. We hypothesized that low catches could be explained by temporary drops in sea level and rainfall potentially reducing the ability of postlarvae to reach their nursery ground. We contend that very bad prawn catch years may be predicted using two variables that are possible drivers of recruitment—the January Southern Oscillation Index and the combined January to February cumulative rainfall. However, due to challenges in verifying and defining such environmental relationships for inclusion in a stock assessment, we propose development of a harvest strategy framework to support management recommendations. Our study highlights the increasing role of anthropogenic climate change in exaggerating the impacts of environmental drivers on recruitment processes and the need to also focus on multidisciplinary research.
Intravenous iron therapy for patients with preoperative iron deficiency or anaemia undergoing cardiac surgery reduces blood transfusions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Panchal Puru , Gilotra Kevin , Wilfred Ann Mary , Hou Winston , Siegal Deborah , Whitlock Richard P , Belley-Cote Emilie P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The benefits of preoperative intravenous (IV) iron treatment in cardiac surgery patients with preoperative anaemia or iron deficiency have not been well-established. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effects of treating preoperative anaemia or iron deficiency with IV iron in adult cardiac surgery patients.

METHODS
We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Systems Online and Excerpta Medica Database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing IV iron to oral iron or no iron. We performed title and abstract, full-text screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment independently and in duplicate. We pooled data using a random effects model and evaluated the overall quality of evidence.

RESULTS
We identified 4 RCTs and 7 observational studies. Pooled data from observational studies suggested a benefit of IV iron compared to no iron on mortality [relative risk 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23–0.65; P &lt; 0.001, very low quality], units transfused per patient (mean difference −1.22, 95% CI −1.85 to −0.60; P &lt; 0.001, very low quality), renal injury (relative risk 0.50, 95% CI 0.36–0.69; P &lt; 0.001, very low quality) and hospital length of stay (mean difference −4.24 days, 95% CI −6.86 to −1.63; P = 0.001, very low quality). Pooled data from RCTs demonstrated a reduction in the number of patients transfused with IV iron compared to oral or no iron (relative risk 0.81, 95% CI 0.70–0.94; P = 0.005, moderate quality). The pooled estimates of effect from RCTs for mortality, hospital length of stay, units transfused per patient and renal injury were consistent in direction with observational studies.

CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis suggests that IV iron improves postoperative morbidity in adult cardiac surgery patients with preoperative anaemia or iron deficiency. A large, rigorous, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, multicentre trial is needed to clarify the role of IV iron in this patient population.

Clinical trial registration
International prospective register of systematic reviews ID Number CRD42019122844
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Moderate-to-Severe Hepatic Steatosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The Copenhagen Co-morbidity Liver Study
Authors: Kirkegaard-Klitbo Ditte Marie , Fuchs Andreas , Stender Stefan , Sigvardsen Per Ejlstrup , Kühl Jørgen Tobias , Kofoed Klaus Fuglsang , Køber Lars , Nordestgaard Børge G , Bendtsen Flemming , Mocroft Amanda , Lundgren Jens , Nielsen Susanne Dam , Benfield Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) may be at risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We compared the prevalence of moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis (M-HS) in PWH with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected controls and determined risk factors for M-HS in PWH.

Methods
The Copenhagen Co-Morbidity in HIV Infection study included 453 participants, and the Copenhagen General Population Study included 765 participants. None had prior or current viral hepatitis or excessive alcohol intake. Moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis was assessed by unenhanced computed tomography liver scan defined by liver attenuation ≤48 Hounsfield units. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were computed by adjusted logistic regression.

Results
The prevalence of M-HS was lower in PWH compared with uninfected controls (8.6% vs 14.2%, P &lt; .01). In multivariable analyses, HIV (aOR, 0.44; P &lt; .01), female sex (aOR, 0.08; P = .03), physical activity level (aOR, 0.09; very active vs inactive; P &lt; .01), and alcohol (aOR, 0.89 per unit/week; P = .02) were protective factors, whereas body mass index (BMI) (aOR, 1.58 per 1 kg/m2; P &lt; .01), alanine transaminase (ALT) (aOR, 1.76 per 10 U/L; P &lt; .01), and exposure to integrase inhibitors (aOR, 1.28 per year; P = .02) were associated with higher odds of M-HS.

Conclusions
Moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis is less common in PWH compared with demographically comparable uninfected controls. Besides BMI and ALT, integrase inhibitor exposure was associated with higher prevalence of steatosis in PWH.
Piloting a model-to-data approach to enable predictive analytics in health care through patient mortality prediction
Authors: Bergquist Timothy , Yan Yao , Schaffter Thomas , Yu Thomas , Pejaver Vikas , Hammarlund Noah , Prosser Justin , Guinney Justin , Mooney Sean 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
The development of predictive models for clinical application requires the availability of electronic health record (EHR) data, which is complicated by patient privacy concerns. We showcase the “Model to Data” (MTD) approach as a new mechanism to make private clinical data available for the development of predictive models. Under this framework, we eliminate researchers’ direct interaction with patient data by delivering containerized models to the EHR data.

Materials and Methods
We operationalize the MTD framework using the Synapse collaboration platform and an on-premises secure computing environment at the University of Washington hosting EHR data. Containerized mortality prediction models developed by a model developer, were delivered to the University of Washington via Synapse, where the models were trained and evaluated. Model performance metrics were returned to the model developer.

Results
The model developer was able to develop 3 mortality prediction models under the MTD framework using simple demographic features (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.693), demographics and 5 common chronic diseases (AUROC, 0.861), and the 1000 most common features from the EHR’s condition/procedure/drug domains (AUROC, 0.921).

Discussion
We demonstrate the feasibility of the MTD framework to facilitate the development of predictive models on private EHR data, enabled by common data models and containerization software. We identify challenges that both the model developer and the health system information technology group encountered and propose future efforts to improve implementation.

Conclusions
The MTD framework lowers the barrier of access to EHR data and can accelerate the development and evaluation of clinical prediction models.
Variation in electronic test results management and its implications for patient safety: A multisite investigation
Authors: Thomas Judith , Dahm Maria R , Li Julie , Smith Peter , Irvine Jacqui , Westbrook Johanna I , Georgiou Andrew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe management and follow-up of diagnostic test results is a major patient safety concern. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how clinicians manage test results on an everyday basis (work-as-done) in a health information technology–enabled emergency department setting. The objectives were to identify (1) variations in work-as-done in test results management and (2) the strategies clinicians use to ensure optimal management of diagnostic test results.Materials and MethodsQualitative interviews (n = 26) and field observations were conducted across 3 Australian emergency departments. Interview data coded for results management (ie, tracking, acknowledgment, and follow-up), and artifacts, were reviewed to identify variations in descriptions of work-as-done. Thematic analysis was performed to identify common themes.ResultsDespite using the same test result management application, there were variations in how the system was used. We identified 5 themes relating to electronic test results management: (1) tracking test results, (2) use and understanding of system functionality, (3) visibility of result actions and acknowledgment, (4) results inbox use, and (5) challenges associated with the absence of an inbox for results notifications for advanced practice nurses.DiscussionOur findings highlight that variations in work-as-done can function to overcome perceived impediments to managing test results in a HIT-enabled environment and thus identify potential risks in the process. By illuminating work-as-done, we identified strategies clinicians use to enhance test result management including paper-based manual processes, cognitive reminders, and adaptive use of electronic medical record functionality.ConclusionsTest results tracking and follow-up is a priority area in need of health information technology development and training to improve team-based collaboration/communication of results follow-up and diagnostic safety.
Influence of Pain Killers on the Urinary Anabolic Steroid Profile
Authors: Stoll Anna , Iannone Michele , De Gregorio Giuseppina , de la Torre Xavier , Molaioni Francesco , Botrè Francesco , Kristina Parr Maria 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are prohibited as performance-enhancing drugs in sports. Among them, testosterone and its precursors are often referred to as “pseudoendogenous” AAS, that is, endogenous steroids that are prohibited when administered exogenously. To detect their misuse, among other methods, the World Anti-Doping Agency-accredited laboratories monitor the steroid profile (concentrations and concentration ratios of endogenous steroids, precursors and metabolites) in urine samples collected from athletes in and out of competition. Alterations in steroid profile markers are used as indicators for misuse of anabolic steroids in sports. Therefore, especially their metabolic pathways with possible interactions are crucial to elucidate. As steroid metabolism is very complex, and many enzymes are involved, certain non-prohibited drugs may influence steroid metabolite excretion. One important group of steroid-metabolizing enzymes is aldo–keto reductases (AKRs). An inhibition of them by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are neither prohibited nor monitored, but frequently used drugs in sports, was demonstrated in vitro. Thus, this work aims to investigate the influence of NSAID intake on the urinary steroid profile. Kinetic and inhibitory studies were performed using 5α-dihydrotestosterone as substrate. The results obtained from in vitro experiments show that ibuprofen inhibits AKR1C2 and thus influences steroid biotransformation. For in vivo investigations, urine samples prior, during and postadministration of ibuprofen were analyzed using routine methods to monitor the steroid profile. Changes in markers of the steroid profile of volunteers were observed. The combination of in vitro and in vivo results suggests that monitoring of ibuprofen may be useful in doping control analysis. The presented work illustrates the importance to consider co-administration of (non-prohibited) drugs during antidoping analysis. Intake of multiple substances is likely leading to interfering effects. Divergent results in antidoping analysis may therefore be observed and misinterpretation of analytical data may occur. Similar considerations may be appropriate for other fields of forensic applications.
Vertical Mergers, The Coase Theorem, And The Burden of Proof
Authors: Brennan Timothy J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The challenge by the Department of Justice (DOJ) to AT&T’s acquisition of Time Warner, and a prior challenge by DOJ and Federal Communications Commission to Comcast’s acquisition of NBC-Universal, has increased attention on vertical mergers. The standard approach identifies a tactic that the merged firm would employ that is both profitable and harms consumers. This approach misses the target; a profitable but anticompetitive tactic may be necessary but is not sufficient. The “Coase theorem” implies that courts and enforcement agencies should instead focus on why vertical integration is necessary to achieve an outcome that would be profitable to the merging firms. The focus on the tactic rather than why ownership matters presumes that vertical merger is necessary, without supporting theory or evidence. The same proposition should hold for horizontal mergers, but the required strength of evidence is greater for vertical mergers because mergers between complement providers are first-order beneficial and the conduct facilitated by horizontal mergers but not vertical mergers is typically illegal.
The Mitigated Neighborhood: Exploring Homeowner Associations’ Role in Resident Wildfire-Mitigation Actions
Authors: Steffey Eric , Budruk Megha , Vogt Christine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAbstract Considerable research has explored homeowner wildfire-mitigation efforts identifying many salient factors that help predict acceptance and behaviors. A growing body of literature is unlocking the dynamics of formal associations’ roles in promoting fire adapted communities. This mixed-method study adds to the research by using a planned behavior theoretical lens, to explore homeowner associations’ (HOAs’) role in resident wildfire mitigation. Through HOA key informant interviews and a survey study of a Western midsized city, our results show that HOAs have a significant impact by providing important information linkages and reducing barriers to completing home mitigation. Most importantly, HOAs act as a neighborhood champion, taking on time-consuming tasks involved in becoming and maintaining a Firewise USA® community status. Many non-HOA neighborhoods lack the capacity to take on such tasks limiting their access to benefits provided by the designation. We take these results and propose avenues to engaging non-HOA neighborhoods.
Gastro-cholecysto-colic fistula. Case report of an idiopathic case, and management approach
Authors: Irwin Shane , Donlon Noel Edward , Mohan Helen , Reynolds John V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A 71-year-old lady presented with a 4-week-history of epigastric pain, feculent vomiting, diarrhoea and weight-loss. On subsequent investigations, she was found to have a complex gastro-cholecysto-colic fistula with no clear underlying aetiology. The only abnormality both macroscopically and microscopically was ulceration and inflammation in the colon. However, this was not pathognomonic of inflammatory bowel disease, and (gastric) acid-induced inflammation is an alternative explanation. Herein we present her case, her comprehensive evaluation, her successful surgical management and a review of the relevant literature.
Imaging flowers: a guide to current microscopy and tomography techniques to study flower development
Authors: Prunet Nathanaël , Duncan Keith 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDevelopmental biology relies heavily on our ability to generate three-dimensional images of live biological specimens through time, and to map gene expression and hormone response in these specimens as they undergo development. The last two decades have seen an explosion of new bioimaging technologies that have pushed the limits of spatial and temporal resolution and provided biologists with invaluable new tools. However, plant tissues are difficult to image, and no single technology fits all purposes; choosing between many bioimaging techniques is not trivial. Here, we review modern light microscopy and computed projection tomography methods, their capabilities and limitations, and we discuss their current and potential applications to the study of flower development and fertilization.
The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Arbitration Rules
Authors: Castello James E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the arbitration rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), an institution tasked with harmonizing national laws and international commercial legal practices on a wide range of trade-related issues, from dispute resolution to international contract practices, international payments, secured transactions, procurement, and sale of goods. The chapter first provides background on the history of UNCITRAL before describing the initial adoption of the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, the Rules’ subsequent revision, and finally the creation of rules on transparency designed to supplement the Arbitration Rules in treaty-based investor-state arbitrations. The chapter concludes with its principal section: a Commentary on Articles 1–43 of the 2010 UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, which covers topics ranging from scope of application of the Rules to notice of arbitration; designation of appointment authorities; composition of the arbitral tribunal; arbitral proceedings, including the appointment of experts by the arbitral tribunal; and decisions with regard to arbitral awards.
Project Risks
Authors: Dewar John , Szczetnikowicz Suzanne , Roberts Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses various project risks (e.g. completion risk, operating risk, currency risk, political risk, etc.). The business of project financing is founded upon the identification, assessment, allocation, negotiation, and management of the risks associated with a particular project. Indeed, as project finance lenders look to the revenues generated by the operation of the financed project for the source of funds from which that financing will be repaid, the whole basis for project financing revolves around an understanding of the future project revenues and the impact of various risks upon them. Projects face a variety of risks, and not all of these risks can be easily identified, mitigated, or contracted away. However, such risks can be assessed, allocated, and managed so that a project is commercially reasonable. The first step is to identify the material risks and the second is to decide how they should be addressed.
Documentation of Project Bonds
Authors: Peterson Tim , Marques Rebecca 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Project bonds are bonds issued in the international capital markets to raise financing for projects. Documenting a project bond involves a number of elements not found in more common forms of project finance. This difference is primarily due to the way bonds are marketed and the fact that, unlike loans, bonds are ‘securities’, making them subject to various legal regimes governing the offering and trading of securities, to which traditional loans are not subject. This chapter presents some key considerations for the use of project bonds as a source of financing and summarizes the legal framework for securities offerings, recognizing that various jurisdictions may impose different requirements. After describing the general legal context, the chapter explains the due diligence and underwriting processes for project bonds, followed by a discussion of the various project bond offering documents and how they relate to the legal framework. Finally, there is a brief discussion of bond listings.
Criminal Prosecutions by Regulators—Procedural Considerations
Authors: Russen Jonathan , Kingham Robin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the role of the FCA and the PRA as prosecuting authorities and their right to bring criminal proceedings in pursuit of their regulatory objectives as enshrined in the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA). The FCA and the PRA are not the only agencies responsible for the prosecution of criminal offences in the financial services sector; the jurisdiction of the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) in particular often overlaps with that of the FCA and the two agencies can work in tandem. Meanwhile, although a discrete area of criminal practice, the regulators’ powers to administer a caution to an offender should not be overlooked—particularly in the context of ongoing investigations. Acceptance of a caution can provide an offender with a way of avoiding conviction and sanction whilst offering the prosecutor an ‘easy win’ without the need for costly court proceedings. The chapter then considers key procedural issues as well as the importance of evidence collection and deployment in financial services prosecutions.
Redress
Authors: Russen Jonathan , Kingham Robin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores alternative avenues that customers or investors may have for redress against firms. In the first instance, customers are expected to utilize firms’ internal complaints processes. If a customer is dissatisfied with the response he receives at the conclusion of the internal complaints process, the matter may be placed before the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS). There are both advantages and disadvantages in pursuing a complaint to the FOS. The chapter then describes the Financial Services Compensation Scheme. The compensation scheme provides an important source of recovery for an ‘eligible claimant’ who has suffered loss through the act or omission of an authorised person who is unable to meet the resulting claim for compensation. The scheme therefore provides industry-funded insurance against the risk that a successful civil claim against an authorised person might otherwise prove to be worthless.
Independent Challenges to the Regulators
Authors: Russen Jonathan , Kingham Robin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This concluding chapter assesses the routes by which the regulators’ actions and decisions may be independently challenged by a person adversely affected. Through the passage into law of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (TCEA), the Upper Tribunal (Tax and Chancery Chamber) replaced the Financial Services and Markets Tribunal (FSMT) as the forum for hearing appeals arising out of decisions made by the regulators. The Tribunal may uphold the regulator’s decision or direct the regulator (within certain limits) to take different action. It may also make recommendations about the regulator’s provisions and procedures. The chapter then considers other potential grounds of challenge and complaint. These comprise the possibility of challenging the regulator on an application to the High Court for judicial review and a complaint to the independent Financial Regulators Complaints Commissioner.