bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Aluminum in Wines by Direct Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Larroque Michel , Cabanis Jean C , Vian Laurence 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple method for direct routine determination of aluminum in wine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry is described. This procedure allows good sensitivity by inclusion of a cool-down step before atomization. The detection limit obtained with a single-beam apparatus was 1.5 μg/L. Recoveries of aluminum in red, white, and fortified wines ranged from 91.7 to 109.5%. Aluminum was determined in 98 red table wines from the south of France. The mean aluminum content was 0.763 mg/L (range, 0.25–2.55 mg/L). In addition, the ability of the wine to dissolve the aluminum in the crown cap was shown.
Stability of Sulfaquinoxaline, Sulfadimethoxine, and Their N4-Acetyl Derivatives in Chicken Tissues During Frozen Storage
Authors: Parks Owen W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The N4-acetyl derivatives of sulfaquinoxaline and suifadimethoxine were stable in fortified chicken liver and thigh muscle tissues during frozen storage for 1 year at –20 and –70°C. In contrast, the parent compounds depleted approximately 35% in liver tissues at –20°C. The transformation of the depleted sulfa drugs to their N4-glucopyranosyl derivatives was negligible, suggesting that products other than glucosides resulted during the storage period.
Biotic and Abiotic Factors in Fumonisin Bi Production and Stability
Authors: Le Bars Joseph , Le Bars Pierrette , Dupuy Jacques , Boudra Hamid , Cassini Renee 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The occurrence of a few cases of equine leuko-encephalomalacia in France has indicated a potentially widespread, low-level contamination of corn by fumonisins. To develop strategies for prevention, biotic and abiotic factors in fumonisin B1 (FB1) production and stability were investigated. The potential for FB1 production from 2 groups of Fusarium moniliforme strains was tested in corn cultures. The first group consisted of 48 strains that were previously isolated from corn, asparagus, watermelon, and vanilla. The second group consisted of 25 strains that were freshly isolated from corn. Respective frequencies in the first and second groups of strains and in each toxigenic class were as follows: 23 and 0%, &lt;50 μg/g; 16 and 12%, 50–200 μg/g; 23 and 4%, 200–800 μg/g; 33 and 68%, 800–3200 μg/g; and 5 and 16%, &gt;3200 μg/g. The initial rate of FB1 production decreased in the following order of temperature: 20, 25, 15, 30, 10°C. FB1 was not detected at 5, 35, or 40ΰC. Also, no FB1 was detected in confined atmosphere at 25°C during 10 weeks. Significant amounts (&gt;200 μg/g) of FB1 were produced within 12 days, in laboratory conditions, with moisture contents of corn frequently encountered at harvest (≥27%). Thermal decomposition of FB1 in dried corn culture followed a first-order reaction. Half-life times at 150, 125, and 100°C were 10, 38, and 175 min, respectively. Therefore, contamination of foods and feeds by this stable mycotoxin is, theoretically, a permanent threat.
Labeled Fumonisins: Production and Use of Fumonisin B1 Containing Stable Isotopes
Authors: Plattner Ronald D , Branham Bruce E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) labeled on the branch methyl groups with deuterium was produced in liquid cultures, and methyl-D3-labeled methionine was added. The isolated FB1 had 90% incorporation of 6 deuterium atoms and 9% incorporation of 3 deuterium atoms. The labeled FB1 was used as an internal standard for 2 analytical methods to measure FB1 in extracts of corn, corn products, and cultures. One method was hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of the derivatized backbone, and the other was analysis by fast atom bombardment MS (FAB/MS). Incorporation of labeled FB1 into samples resulted in a GC/MS method with improved precision and accuracy and allowed for a quantitative FAB/MS method.
Survey of Fumonisin Production by Fusarium Isolated from Cereals in Europe
Authors: Visconti Angelo , Doko M Bruno 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Strains of Fusarium isolated from corn, sorghum, wheat, barley, and mixed feed from Italy, Spain, Poland, and France were tested for the production of fumonisins B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2) in corn cultures. All strains of F. moniliforme (1 from France, 10 from Italy, 15 from Poland, and 17 from Spain) and the one tested strain of F. proliferatum produced fumonisins in amounts scattered within a wide range of concentrations (0.7–4100 μg FB1/g). None or insignificant amounts of FB1 were detected in cultures of 11 F. subglutinans strains (&lt;0.5 μg/g for 5 of 11 strains) or in cultures of 3 strains of Fusarium spp. not belonging to Liseola. FB2 was produced by all but one of the strains that produced FB1, and the FB2/FB1 ratio ranged from 0.1 to 0.37 (average, 0.22). The highest production of fumonisin was obtained with isolates from corn (average, 1259 μg FB1/g), followed by isolates from wheat (average, 769 μg FB1/g) and barley (average, 320 μg FB1/g). The production of fumonisins by isolates from sorghum was 2 orders of magnitude lower than corn. These results support data reported for similar surveys in geographical areas other than Europe. In particular, data indicate a situation in Europe that is very similar to North America in respect to fumonisin production by different Fusarium species (F. moniliforme and F. subglutinans) isolated from different substrates (corn and sorghum).
Determination of Sulfamethazine in Bovine and Porcine Tissues by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Boison Joe O K , Keng Lily J-Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and rapid method for the liquid chromatographic determination of sulfamethazine in animal tissues was developed by using sulfaethoxypyridazine as the internal standard. Homogenized tissue is extracted with chloroform, and the sulfa drugs are back-extracted from chloroform into alkaline sodium chloride solution. The pH of the aqueous extract is adjusted to 6, and the sulfas are concentrated on a conditioned C18 cartridge and eluted with 1 mL methanol. Sulfamethazine and sulfaethoxypyridazine are separated from tissue co-extractives by reversed-phase chromatography on a C18 column by using 0.05M sodium dihydrogen phosphate-methanol (7 + 3). Detection is performed at 265 nm. The method has a detection limit of 2 ng/g. Results obtained by this method were compared with those obtained by the official thin-layer chromatography/densitometric method.
Determination of Semduramicin Sodium in Poultry Liver by Liquid Chromatography with Vanillin Postcolumn Derivatization
Authors: Ericson Jon F , Calcagni Albert , Lynch Martin J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the quantitative determination of semduramicin sodium in broiler liver when administered under projected use conditions. For this procedure, semduramicin sodium is extracted from liver with methanolic ammonium hydroxide, separated and concentrated by solid-phase extraction steps, and determined by LC with postcolumn derivatization with vanillin. The mean recovery of drug was 95% over the 40-320 ng/g range, the coefficient of variation was ±10% or better, and no interference was observed from commercial poly ether ionophores. The minimum level of detection for semduramicin sodium in broiler liver is 25 ng/g.
Determination of p-Toluenesulfonamide in Ice Cream by Combination of Continuous Flow and Liquid Chromatography: Summary of Collaborative Study
Authors: Beuaars Paul R , Van Dijk Remmelt , Brands Arie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study of the determination of p-tolu-enesulfonamide (p-TSA) in ice cream by a combination of continuous flow and on-line liquid chromatography was conducted. Seven ice cream samples containing 0-6.35 mg p-TSA/kg at 4 levels (1 blank and 3 pairs of split level samples) were analyzed by 11 laboratories. For all samples analyzed, the repeatability relative standard deviation varied from 2.08 to 3.67%, whereas the reproducibility relative standard deviation ranged from 7.79 to 11.68%. The average p-TSA values for the split levels 1,2, and 3 were 0.55,1.02, and 4.44 mg p-TSA/kg, respectively, with mean recoveries ranging from 76 to 79% (overall recovery range for all levels, 63-101 %). No false positive results were reported for the blank sample, and no interference was encountered by the presence of vanillin in samples. The method has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Effect of Various Commercially Available Enzymes in the Liquid Chromatographic Determination with External Standardization of Thiamine and Riboflavin in Foods
Authors: Hägg Margareta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The efficacy of various commercially available enzymes in the determination of thiamine and riboflavin in foods was studied by liquid chromatography (LC) using external standards. Different enzymes, as well as the same enzyme produced by different manufacturers, very strongly affected the determination of both vitamins. The recoveries for different foods ranged from 85 to over 100% for thiamine and from 80 to 100% for riboflavin. The present LC method was accurate and precise when tested on a food and a feed reference material, and coefficients of variation were 5.5% for thiamine and 10% for riboflavin in a rye flour reference material tested for 8 months.
Analysis of Heavy Metals in Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Modena by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Corradini Fulvio , Marcheselli Luigi , Marchetti Andrea , Preti Carlo , Biancardi Claudio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A detailed investigation of Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Modena (ABTM) was carried out. The necessity of knowing the metal content of this original and widely used product is of great importance. Measurements were carried out on a large number of samples of different ages to check the dependence of metal content on product aging.
Rapid Abrasion Test To Indicate Lead on the Surface of Ceramicware
Authors: Dolan Scott P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid abrasion test (RAT) was developed for screening ceramicware for Pb. A Pb-sensitive chromogen (rhodizonic acid) reacts to form a persistent colored complex, indicating the presence of Pb. RAT takes 2-5 min to complete; a positive test is easily discernible. RAT, which provides only qualitative information, is useful for screening large numbers of ceramicware items for the presence of Pb at ≥0.05 μ/mL.
Quantitative Procedure for CWorophyllin Copper Complex
Authors: Chernomorsky Simon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The reliability of the currently used quantitative assay for commercially available chlorophyllin copper complex is discussed. It was shown that optical measurements at 405 nm can overestimate the purity of the preparation by 16.4–49.5%. This conclusion is from comparative studies using spectrophotometry at 405 nm and elemental analysis (copper content) of chlorophyllin copper complex. Spectrophotometry at 630 nm resulted in closer agreement with data calculated from elemental analysis. These observations have to be taken into consideration by those involved in the manufacture and distribution of chlorophyllin copper complex as well as in the development of the United States Pharmacopeia compendial monograph for this preparation.
Analysis of Streptomycin and Dihydrostreptomycin in Milk by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Gerhardt Geoff C , Salisbury Craig D C , Macnebl James D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method developed for the determination of the aminoglycoside antibiotics streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin in tissues was applied to the analysis of fluid milk. Samples are extracted with 3.6% perchloric acid, and then injected onto a trace enrichment column, from which they are eluted onto a reversed-phase analytical column. The analytes are detected by fluorescence following postcolumn derivatization with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid. Recovery of analytes was in the range of 50–65% for skim or partially defatted fluid milk, while recoveries for homogenized whole milk were lower. Limits of quantitation were 10 ppb for streptomycin and 20 ppb for dihydrostreptomycin.
Information Technology/Laboratory Information Management Systems: Problems of Regulatory Compliance
Authors: Rawling Alan K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Despite the attention paid to the regulatory requirements for computer systems, recent inspections continue to report basic failings in the standards of validation and documentation. This paper describes the need for validation of vendor-supplied software such as Laboratory Information Management Systems and the procedures necessary for control of the production phase in a regulated environment. Whereas these requirements may be considered “good computing practices,” their adherence remains a management challenge at odds with pressures of cost, business need, and time.
Determination of Lead in Table Wines by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Mindak William R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A quick, easy method was developed for the analysis of table wines for lead quantitated at ≥14 ng Pb/mL wine. The method uses graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction and a L’vov pyrolytic graphite platform. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is used as a matrix modifier. Wines are diluted by a factor of 10 with 1% HNO3 and analyzed directly. Their absorbances are compared with those of a standard curve prepared with 1 % HNO3. Analytical results obtained by comparison with a standard curve agreed with those obtained by the method of standard additions. Four white, 4 red, and 2 rosé wines were studied. Pb concentrations varied from 15 to 135 ng Pb/mL. Wines fortified with 100 ng Pb/mL had an average recovery of 94%. The average short-term relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.1%; the average long-term RSD was 7.4%. The estimated detection (3 σ) and quantitation (10 σ) limits were 4 and 14 ng Pb/mL, respectively.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Phenolic Acids in Soil
Authors: Kelley William T , Coffey David L , Mueller Thomas C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method is described for the determination of phenolic acid concentrations in soil. The method consists of extraction with 0.1 M NaOH for 16 h, centrifugation, filtration, pH adjustment to reduce detector interference, and liquid chromatographic separation on a C18 column and UV detection at 280 nm. Recoveries of 6 phenolic acids (ferulic, p-coumaric, caffeic, syringic, vanillic, and p-hydroxybenzoic) were 58,100,0,66,83, and 123%, respectively. The limits of detection were 0.5 μg/g for p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, and syringic acids and 1.0 μg/g for ferulic and p-coumaric acids. Caffeic acid was not detectable with this method.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Pyrethroids as Active Ingredients in Pesticide Formulations
Authors: Koppen Benny 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A normal-phase liquid chromatographic method for determining pyrethroids as active ingredients in pesticide formulations was developed. The method uses isooctane–ethyl acetate as mobile phase and UV detection at 275 nm. The method was evaluated for the following 7 pyrethroid active ingredients: α-cypermethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenvalerate, fenpropathrin, and permethrin. Evaluation covered 3 formulation types (emulsifiable concentrate, suspension concentrate, and water-dispersible granule) containing a single pyrethroid active ingredient. The method separates diastereomers of cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and permethrin and can be used to determine total content as well as relative distribution of diastereomers.
Performance of Various Tests Used to Screen Antibiotic Residues in Milk Samples from Individual Animals
Authors: Cullor James S , Van Eenennaam Alison , Gardner Ian , Perani Lynn , Dellbvger Jon , Smith Wayne L , Thompson Teresa , Payne Michael A , Jensen Leon , Guterbock Walter M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The 10-point Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Program was developed collaboratively by the National Milk Producers Federation and the American Veterinary Medical Association and is designed to promote and document the responsible use of antibiotics in the dairy industry. One area of emphasis in this program is testing of individual animals for antibiotic residues after a specified post-treatment withdrawal time. We examined the performance of various assay systems on milk samples from individual cows. These assays are used at present on bulk tank milk samples by regulatory agencies, processing plants, producers, and veterinarians to detect the presence of β-lactam antibiotics. A high proportion of false-positive results was obtained for both the pretreatment milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis and the milk samples obtained 21 days after initial therapy (nonantibiotic and antibiotic) for the treatment of mastitis. A high proportion of false-positive outcomes was obtained from the milk of clinically normal cows that had not received any medication for at least 30 days prior to evaluation. The results indicate a serious problem in the use of some assays that were designed to evaluate residues bulk tank milk samples to analyze samples from individual cows. This error in assay specificity results in the unjustifiable discarding of milk that meets regulatory standards and may be misused to accuse the producer or veterinarian of not adhering to regulatory guidelines. Maintaining a safe, high-quality milk supply is a constant goal of the dairy industry, which must be provided the appropriate tools and techniques to meet this challenge.
Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Triglycerides in Vegetable Oils in Terms of Their Partition Numbers: Summary of Collaborative Study
Authors: Firestone David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The IUPAC Commission on Oils, Fats and Derivatives undertook development of a method and collaborative study for the determination of triglycerides in vegetable oils by liquid chromatography. Three collaborative studies were conducted from 1985 to 1987. Refinements were made in the method after the first collaborative study, and the second and third collaborative studies demonstrated that the method produces acceptable results. Materials studied were soybean oil, almond oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, and blends of palm and sunflower oils, and almond and sunflower oils. Six test samples were analyzed by 18 laboratories from 11 countries in the second study; 4 test samples were analyzed by 16 laboratories from 12 countries in the third study. The method for determination of triglycerides (by partition numbers) in vegetable oils by liquid chromatography was adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL as an IUPAC–AOCS–AOAC method.
Determination of 1,2-Dibromoethane and l,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane in Water by Microextraction and Gas Chromatography: Collaborative Study
Authors: Edgell Kenneth W , Longbottom James E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method 504 for the determi nation of 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB) and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in aqueous samples by microextraction using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector was conducted by EPA, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Ten volunteer laboratories reported data for 6 concentration levels in each of 2 water matrixes: reagent water and groundwater. The method was tested over the concentration range of 0.050–6.70 μg/L. Generally, the between-laboratory relative standard deviation ranged from 6–22%, and the withinlaboratory relative standard deviation ranged from 4–10%. The microextraction/gas chromatographic method for determination of EDB and DBCP in water has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Ruggedness of the Monensin and Narasin Liquid Chromatographic Assays
Authors: Coleman Mark R , Macy Thomas D , Morgan John W , Rodewald J Matthew 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Supplementary validation data were generated for the monensin and narasin liquid chromatographic (LC) assays. Several parameters of the LC system and the sample preparation procedures were evaluated. Feed samples are routinely extracted in meth-anol-water (9 + 1, v/v). The ratio of methanol to water was varied to evaluate the ruggedness of the extraction procedure. The LC parameters evaluated included flow rates of the mobile phase and vanillin reagent, reactor temperature, and water content of the mobile phase. The resolution of monensin A, monensin B, and narasin A; retention times; tailing factors; peak areas; and peak widths were monitored as LC parameters were varied. The stabilities of monensin and narasin reference standard solutions over time when stored at room temperature and under refrigeration were also monitored. The results show that deviations in the methanol-water ratio of the extraction solution did not significantly affect final assay results. Modification of LC parameters may substantially affect retention time, peak area, and resolution factors.
Improved Esterification of Mecoprop for Sensitive Detection on Capillary Gas Chromatography with Mass Selective and Electron Capture Detection
Authors: Lee Arthur S , Hong Moo-Ki , Smith Albert E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Analytical methods for determination of the derivatives of the herbicide mecoprop, (±)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP), by capillary column gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MSD) and electron capture detection (GC-ECD) were studied. A successful procedure was introduced for the ester preparation using H2SO4 as the catalyst and the alcohols 2,2,2-trichloroethanol (TCE) or 2,2,2-tri-fluoroethanol (TFE). The identification and elucidation of MCPP by GC-MSD following the esterifica-tion with diazomethane, BF3-methanol, H2SO4-methanol, TCE, TFE, or pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFB) were carried out. A comparison of the response sensitivities among those MCPP esters was made with GC-ECD. Although the methyla-tion product of MCPP was confirmed with GC-MSD, its low sensitivity to the ECD limited the detection of MCPP. TCE, TFE, and PFB derivatiza-tion methods resulted in a high rate of MCPP esteri-fications and very sensitive ECD molecular responses. On the basis of efficiency, convenience, worker safety, and least sample contamination, TFE esterification was considered as the superior method for MCPP analysis compared with the other methods of derivatization. An accurate method is described for quantifying MCPP in soil leachates by GC-ECD at very low concentrations without the requirement of a complicated cleanup process. As a result, MCPP residues at concentrations of less than 0.1 μg in 100 mL soil leachate were detected.
Screening of Chloramphenicol Residues in Pork Muscle by Planar Chromatography
Authors: Abjean J P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid planar chromatographic method is described for the qualitative determination of chloramphenicol residues in muscle. The drug is extracted with ethyl acetate and purified by solid-phase extraction. After elution, the collected phase is evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in methanol, spotted on a silica gel plate, and chromato-graphed. After elution, the chloramphenicol is visualized after reduction with fluorescamine. This method detects chloramphenicol in meat at 10 μg/kg and has a sample throughput of about 25 samples per analyst per day.