bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroanalytical Sensor for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Monitoring with Integrated Electronics for Connected Health Application
Authors: Roy Souradeep , Nagabooshanam Shalini , Krishna Kushagra , Wadhwa Shikha , Chauhan Nidhi , Jain Utkarsh , Kumar Ranjit , Mathur Ashish , Davis James 
Published: June 2020

AbstractL‐tyrosine is an amino acid, the concentration of which is found to be highly elevated in patients suffering from diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The latter proves to be fatal when it turns out chronic and may lead to amputation. The conventional clinical diagnostic methods are costly and time consuming, in which case, the condition of patient(s) may deteriorate long before proper treatment commences. Herein, we report the development of smart band‐aid for real time monitoring of L‐tyrosine by employing enzymatic bio‐sensor using α‐MnO2/tyrosinase. The smart band‐aid was further integrated with portable electronics capable of wireless data transmission to a personal digital assistant, and its tyrosine sensing performance was evaluated. Anodic current was found to vary linearly with the concentrations of L‐tyrosine in the range of 5 nM–500 μM. The developed sensor displayed a limit of detection and sensitivity of 0.71 nM and 0.67 μA/nM/mm2 respectively, with a stability of 25 days. The developed sensor was validated using a commercial impedance analyzer. The impedance response was found to be consistent with the cyclic voltammogram obtained and demonstrated to be a linear function of tyrosine concentration. The developed sensing platform combines early diagnosis with connected health technologies, thus, fitting well into modern healthcare needs.
Purification of low‐abundance lysozyme in egg white via free‐flow electrophoresis with gel‐filtration chromatography
Authors: Dong Shuang , Jiang Ziqin , Liu Zhen , Chen Ling , Zhang Qiang , Tian Youli , Sohail Amir , Khan Muhammad Idrees , Xiao Hua , Liu Xiaoping , Wang Yuxing , Li Honggen , Wu Hanyu , Liu Weiwen , Cao Chengxi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs an effective separation tool, free‐flow electrophoresis has not been used for purification of low‐abundance protein in complex sample matrix. Herein, lysozyme in complex egg white matrix was chosen as the model protein for demonstrating the purification of low‐content peptide via an FFE coupled with gel fitration chromatography (GFC). The crude lysozyme in egg while was first separated via free‐flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE). After that, the fractions with lysozyme activity were condensed via lyophilization. Thereafter, the condensed fractions were further purified via a GFC of Sephadex G50. In all of the experiments, a special poly(acrylamide‐ co‐acrylic acid) (P(AM‐co‐AA)) gel electrophoresis and a mass spectrometry were used for identification of lysozyme. The conditions of FFZE were optimized as follows: 130 μL/min sample flow rate, 4.9 mL/min background buffer of 20 mM pH 5.5 Tris‐Acetic acid, 350 V, and 14 °C as well as 2 mg/mL protein content of crude sample. It was found that the purified lysozyme had the purity of 80% and high activity as compared with its crude sample with only 1.4% content and undetectable activity. The recoveries in the first and second separative steps were 65% and 82%, respectively, and the total recovery was about 53.3%. The reasons of low recovery might be induced by diffusion of lysozyme out off P(AM‐co‐AA) gel and co‐removing of high‐abundance egg ovalbumin. All these results indicated FFE could be used as alternative tool for purification of target solute with low abundance.
Quantification of imatinib and related compounds using capillary electrophoresis‐tandem mass spectrometry with field‐amplified sample stacking
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Wang Lingyu , Chen David Da Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA quantification method for imatinib (IM), its major metabolite N‐desmethyl imatinib (NDI), and a degradation by‐product was developed using CE–MS combined with an online concentration technique. The use of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)–MS/MS further improved the sensitivity of this technology. Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) using tertiary butyl methyl ether yielded high recovery and reproducibility for the pretreatment of serum samples. The recovery rate exceeded 83% for all three analytes, and was 90% for IM. To improve quantification results, a conductivity‐induced online analyte concentration technique, field‐amplified sample stacking (FASS), was used. The S/N ratios were improved at least 10‐fold when compared with conventional capillary zone electrophoresis. The detection limits were 0.2 ng/mL for IM, 0.4 ng/mL for NDI, and 4 ng/mL for the degradation by‐product. These results are superior to those previously obtained by other reported methods. The new method was validated in terms of its selectivity, intra‐ and interday repeatability and accuracy, and sample storage stability, following the guidelines issued by the European Medicines Agency. Considering the convenient pretreatment procedure (LLE), superior sensitivity, and fast analysis speed (<15 min), this method can be useful in the determination of imatinib levels in blood.
False‐positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction screening for SARS‐CoV‐2 in the setting of urgent head and neck surgery and otolaryngologic emergencies during the pandemic: Clinical implications
Authors: Katz Andrew P. , Civantos Francisco J. , Sargi Zoukaa , Leibowitz Jason M. , Nicolli Elizabeth A. , Weed Donald , Moskovitz Alexander E. , Civantos Alyssa M. , Andrews David M. , Martinez Octavio , Thomas Giovana R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNo reports describe falsepositive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for novel coronavirus in preoperative screening.MethodsPreoperative patients had one or two nasopharyngeal swabs, depending on low or high risk of viral transmission. Positive tests were repeated.ResultsForty‐three of 52 patients required two or more preoperative tests. Four (9.3%) had discrepant results (positive/negative). One of these left the coronavirus disease (COVID) unit against medical advice despite an orbital abscess, with unknown true disease status. The remaining 3 of 42 (7.1%) had negative repeat RT‐PCR. Although ultimately considered falsepositives, one was sent to a COVID unit postoperatively and two had urgent surgery delayed. Assuming negative repeat RT‐PCR, clear chest imaging, and lack of subsequent symptoms represent the “gold standard,” RT‐PCR specificity was 0.97.ConclusionsIf false positives are suspected, we recommend computed tomography (CT) of the chest and repeat RT‐PCR. Validated serum immunoglobulin testing may ultimately prove useful.
Microbiomics, Metabolomics, Predicted Metagenomics, and Hepatic Steatosis in a Population‐Based Study of 1,355 Adults
Authors: Alferink Louise J.M. , Radjabzadeh Djawad , Erler Nicole S. , Vojinovic Dina , Medina‐Gomez Carolina , Uitterlinden André G. , de Knegt Robert J. , Amin Najaf , Ikram M. Arfan , Janssen Harry L.A. , Kiefte‐de Jong Jessica C. , Metselaar Herold J. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Kraaij Robert , Darwish Murad Sarwa 
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims
Previous small studies have appraised the gut microbiome (GM) in steatosis, but large‐scale studies are lacking. We studied the association of the GM diversity and composition, plasma metabolites, predicted functional metagenomics, and steatosis.

Approach and Results
This is a cross‐sectional analysis of the prospective population‐based Rotterdam Study. We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and determined taxonomy using the SILVA reference database. Alpha diversity and beta diversity were calculated using the Shannon diversity index and Bray–Curtis dissimilarities. Differences were tested across steatosis using permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed by ultrasonography. We subsequently selected genera using regularized regression. The functional metagenome was predicted based on the GM using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Serum metabolomics were assessed using high‐throughput proton nuclear magnetic resonance. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol, diet, and proton‐pump inhibitors. We included 1,355 participants, of whom 472 had steatosis. Alpha diversity was lower in steatosis (P = 1.1∙10−9), and beta diversity varied across steatosis strata (P = 0.001). Lasso selected 37 genera of which three remained significantly associated after adjustment (Coprococcus3: β = −65; Ruminococcus Gauvreauiigroup: β = 62; and Ruminococcus Gnavusgroup: β = 45, Q‐value = 0.037). Predicted metagenome analyses revealed that pathways of secondary bile‐acid synthesis and biotin metabolism were present, and D‐alanine metabolism was absent in steatosis. Metabolic profiles showed positive associations for aromatic and branched chain amino acids and glycoprotein acetyls with steatosis and R. Gnavusgroup, whereas these metabolites were inversely associated with alpha diversity and Coprococcus3.

Conclusions
We confirmed, on a large‐scale, the lower microbial diversity and association of Coprococcus and Ruminococcus Gnavus with steatosis. We additionally showed that steatosis and alpha diversity share opposite metabolic profiles.
Experimental and theoretical study of waste heat recovery from a refrigeration system using a finned helical coil heat exchanger
Authors: Roomi Bahaulddin K. , Theeb Maathe A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper is an experimental and theoretical study that aimed at conserving energy by utilizing the waste heat generated from a refrigeration system by calculating the range of condensation after the compression stage for the refrigerant (R410A). A helical coil tube‐shell heat exchanger was designed as a heat recovery unit to use the waste heat from an air conditioner 1TR (split type) in the outdoor unit between the compressor and the condenser to produce hot water and increase the coefficient of performance (COP) of the refrigeration cycle. Two experimental types of the helical coil heat exchanger (conventional and finned) were used in attempts to induce absorption of the rejected heat into tap water. The increase in the COP ranges from 12.5% to 40%, an increase in the water outlet temperatures difference reaches 12°C. A cost–benefit analysis in terms of the net present value and the payback period (PP) has been performed. From the analysis, it has been observed that the use of the designed heat recovery unit will save electrical consumption to produce the required hot water with a PP of about 11.7 months for the conventional heat exchanger and 17.5 months for the finned helical coil heat exchanger.
Use and Perceived Effectiveness of Student Support Services in a First‐Year Dental Student Population
Authors: Burk Dorothy T. , Bender Daniel J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the severity of problems common to the first year of dental school and to assess the use and perceived effectiveness of formal and informal peer and professional support programs in addressing those problems. First‐year students at one California dental school were surveyed on the severity of problems encountered, support services used, and perceived effectiveness of services. Results indicated that the problems perceived as most serious by students in this sample were of an emotional nature relating to academic performance. Findings showed that students relied heavily on themselves and on informal advice from peers to handle problems and that they perceived these resources to be very effective. Findings also showed that low‐ranking students used both formal and informal resources to resolve problems and that females used resources outside of the school more than males did. Results of the study offer some evidence to support providing both formal and informal peer and faculty support programs for first‐year dental students. Results also provide insight into the use of peers and “self” to resolve problems common to the first year of dental education.
Stabilization Splint Therapy for the Treatment of Temporomandibular Myofascial Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al‐Ani Ziad , Gray Robin J. , Davies Stephen J. , Sloan Philip , Glenny Anne‐Marie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this review is to establish the effectiveness of stabilization splint (SS) therapy in reducing symptoms in patients with myofascial pain. Searching of electronic databases, handsearching of relevant key journals, and screening of reference lists of included studies were undertaken. There was no language restriction, and unpublished research was sought. The selection criteria were randomized controlled trials comparing splint therapy to either no treatment or another active treatment. Data extraction and validity assessment were carried out independently and in duplicate. Studies were grouped according to treatment type. Twenty potentially relevant Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were identified. Only twelve met the inclusion criteria. There is insufficient evidence either for or against the use of stabilization splint therapy over other active interventions for the treatment of temporomandibular myofascial pain. However, it appears that stabilization splint therapy may be beneficial for reducing pain severity at rest and on palpation and depression when compared to no treatment. The authors suggested the need for well conducted RCTs that pay attention to method of allocation, blind outcome assessment, sample size, and duration of follow‐up. Various measures were adopted to assess the outcomes of treatment. Standardization of the methods used to measure outcomes of the treatment of myofascial pain should be established in future RCTs.
Fiber Optic Fluorescence Microprobe for Endodontic Diagnosis
Authors: Sarkissian Ani , Le Ashley Nga 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSuccessful endodontic therapy requires total debridement as well as complete obturation of the root canal to the cemento‐dentinal junction. The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy for the detection and localization of pathological dentin, pulpal remnants, and microorganisms within the root canal. Specific aims were to identify: 1) characteristic excitation/emission spectra for healthy dentin, decayed dentin, enamel, and pulp; 2) the potential of specific spectral data for differentiating between these tissues; and 3) the potential of spectral data for detecting the presence and identifying four common endodontic pathogens. Fluorescence spectra were determined in the tissues of permanent human teeth, extirpated healthy and necrotic pulps, and four endodontic pathogens. Excitation/emission spectra were collected at 366nm, 405nm, and 440nm excitation. Marked differences in spectral signatures between the different tissues under investigation were observed. We postulate that the differences in fluorescence spectra of decayed vs. healthy dentin are due to the loss of mineralized tissue components and increased organic presence and water in these tissues. Pulpal tissue showed distinctly different fluorescence spectra from healthy and decayed dentin, providing a basis for differentiating between tissue categories. Each bacterial species demonstrated distinct spectral emission patterns.
Promotion of Tobacco Cessation Through Dental Hygiene Education: A Pilot Study
Authors: Monson Angela L. , Engeswick Lynnette M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purposes of this pilot study were as follows: 1) to determine the percentage and frequency of dental hygiene graduates who were providing tobacco cessation counseling (TCC) activities, after receiving TCC training during their formative years of education; 2) to identify the graduates’ stages of change using the transtheoretical model regarding TCC; and 3) to identify factors influencing the delivery of TCC. A convenience sample of fifty‐one Minnesota State University, Mankato (MSU) dental hygiene graduates were surveyed in this study. Wilcoxen signed rank tests were used to analyze the relationship between counseling actions and dental hygienists’ stage of change in four TCC activities: asking, advising, assisting, and arranging follow‐up. Pros and cons affecting the delivery of TCC were also examined. Findings indicate that dental hygienists who received TCC education during their training do not provide cessation counseling to a high percentage of their patients even though they believe in the value of such activity. However, dental hygienists are more likely to provide TCC to patients with periodontal disease than other dental patients. Conclusions: 1) addressing the potential frustration of the dental hygienist and coping methods when providing TCC during training may alleviate one of the barriers to TCC; 2) ready access to tobacco education materials may alleviate one of the barriers to TCC; and 3) emphasis during TCC training on providing education for all patients as part of health promotion, rather than just periodontal patients, may increase the overall counseling provided.
Dental Students’ Knowledge About Careers in Academic Dentistry
Authors: Rupp Jeffery K. , Jones Daniel L. , Seale N. Sue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to determine the knowledge of fourth‐year dental students regarding certain issues related to an academic career and to ascertain their intent to pursue such a career. Factors contributing to the students’ intent to pursue academia were assessed, including the effect of dental school programs designed to educate students about a career in dental education. Surveys were sent to twelve U.S. dental schools that reported having either a mandatory or elective academic career educational program or no program at all. The surveys were completed by fourth‐year dental students who were queried as to their knowledge of selected academic issues. Surveys were returned by 561 students from eleven of the twelve selected dental schools. Knowledge level of academic issues among respondents was overwhelmingly low. Factors contributing to the intent to pursue some form of faculty career were gender, plans to specialize, knowledge of academic issues, having a parent in higher education, and personal teaching experience. The results of this study suggest that dental students in general do not possess the knowledge and information necessary to make an informed decision regarding a career in dental education.
Injury Reports in a Dental School: A Two‐Year Overview
Authors: Callan Richard S. , Caughman Frank , Budd Michael L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs teaching institutions, it is vital for dental schools to collect data on accidental injuries to identify potential problems, improve the quality of care of patients, and educate future practitioners about risk management. Our data reveal important trends concerning such injuries. These data were compiled over a two‐year period (2001–03) from accident reports at one dental school. We categorized the accidents as follows: source (instrument causing the injury), recipient of injury, time of day, location within the dental school where the injury occurred, and body part injured. The population examined in this study consisted of predoctoral and postdoctoral dental students, staff, faculty, and patients of the dental school. The majority of injuries occurred in the predoctoral clinic toward the middle to the end of the scheduled clinic periods. The instrument most likely involved was a needle, and the body part most commonly injured was a finger. The collection and analysis of injury data may be used to identify trends that will aid in the prediction and prevention of these injuries and, at a national level, serve as a benchmark that other dental schools can employ to assess their relative frequency of injury.
Survival Analysis of Complete Veneer Crowns vs. Multisurface Restorations: A Dental School Patient Population
Authors: Janus Charles E. , Unger John W. , Best Al M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the longevity of crowns versus large multisurface restorations in posterior teeth. The investigation used the treatment database at Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry. The inclusion criteria for the final data set used for analysis were: only one restored tooth per patient, premolars with three or more restored surfaces, molars with four or more restored surfaces, molars and premolars restored with complete veneer metal crowns, or crowns veneered with metal and porcelain. The Kaplan‐Meier approach was used to visualize the survival curves, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for analysis of predictor variables. The investigation indicates crowns survive longer than large restorations and premolar restorations survive longer than molar restorations. The median survival for crowns exceeded 16.6 years, with the median survival of premolar restorations being 4.4 years and molar restorations 1.3 years. An interaction between age and treatment was discovered, with overall survival decreasing as patient age increases. The doctor supervising the treatment also affected survival with treatment supervised by specialists lasting longer than treatment supervised by nonspecialists.
The Dental Education Environment
Authors:   ADEA Commission on Change and Innovation in Dental Education, Haden N. Karl , Andrieu Sandra C. , Chadwick D. Gregory , Chmar Jacqueline E. , Cole James R. , George Mary C. , Glickman Gerald N. , Glover Joel F. , Goldberg Jerold S. , Hendricson William D. , Meyerowitz Cyril , Neumann Laura , Pyle Marsha , Tedesco Lisa A. , Valachovic Richard W. , Weaver Richard G. , Winder Ronald L. , Young Stephen K. , Kalkwarf Kenneth L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe second in a series of perspectives from the ADEA Commission on Change and Innovation in Dental Education (CCI), this article presents the CCI's view of the dental education environment necessary for effective change. The article states that the CCI's purpose is related to leading and building consensus in the dental community to foster a continuous process of innovative change in the education of general dentists. Principles proposed by CCI to shape the dental education environment are described; these are critical thinking, lifelong learning, humanistic environment, scientific discovery and integration of knowledge, evidence‐based oral health care, assessment, faculty development, and the health care team. The article also describes influences external to the academic dental institutions that are important for change and argues that meaningful and long‐lasting change must be systemic in nature. The CCI is ADEA's primary means to engage all stakeholders for the purpose of educating lifelong learners to provide evidence‐based care to meet the needs of society.