bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CALIPSO level 3 stratospheric aerosol profile product: version 1.00 algorithm description and initial assessment
Authors: Kar Jayanta , Lee Kam-Pui , Vaughan Mark A. , Tackett Jason L. , Trepte Charles R. , Winker David M. , Lucker Patricia L. , Getzewich Brian J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. In August 2018, the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) project released a new level 3 stratospheric aerosol profile data product derived from nearly 12 years of measurements
acquired by the spaceborne Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). This monthly averaged, gridded level 3 product is based on version 4 of the CALIOP level 1B and level 2 data products, which feature significantly improved calibration that now makes it possible to reliably retrieve profiles of stratospheric aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients at 532 nm. This paper describes the science algorithm and data handling techniques that were developed to generate the CALIPSO version 1.00 level 3 stratospheric aerosol profile product. Further, we show that the extinction profiles (retrieved using a constant lidar ratio of 50 sr) capture the major stratospheric perturbations in both hemispheres over the last decade resulting from volcanic eruptions, extreme smoke events, and signatures of stratospheric dynamics. Initial assessment of the product by intercomparison with the stratospheric aerosol retrievals from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE III) on the International Space Station (ISS) indicates good agreement in the tropical stratospheric aerosol layer (30∘ N–30∘ S), where the average difference between
zonal mean extinction profiles is typically less than 25 % between 20
and 30 km (CALIPSO biased high). However, differences can exceed 100 % in the very low aerosol loading regimes found above 25 km at higher latitudes. Similarly, there are large differences (≥100 %) within 2 to 3 km above the tropopause that might be due to cloud contamination
issues.
A virtual hydrological framework for evaluation of stochastic rainfall models
Authors: Bennett Bree , Thyer Mark , Leonard Michael , Lambert Martin , Bates Bryson 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Stochastic rainfall modelling is a commonly used
technique for evaluating the impact of flooding, drought, or climate change
in a catchment. While considerable attention has been given to the
development of stochastic rainfall models (SRMs), significantly less
attention has been paid to developing methods to evaluate their performance.
Typical evaluation methods employ a wide range of rainfall statistics.
However, they give limited understanding about which rainfall statistical
characteristics are most important for reliable streamflow prediction. To
address this issue a formal evaluation framework is introduced, with three
key features: (i) streamflow-based, to give a direct evaluation of
modelled streamflow performance, (ii) virtual, to avoid the issue of
confounding errors in hydrological models or data, and (iii) targeted, to
isolate the source of errors according to specific sites and seasons. The
virtual hydrological evaluation framework uses two types of tests,
integrated tests and unit tests, to attribute deficiencies that impact on
streamflow to their original source in the SRM according to site and season.
The framework is applied to a case study of 22 sites in South Australia with
a strong seasonal cycle. In this case study, the framework demonstrated the
surprising result that apparently “good” modelled rainfall can produce
“poor” streamflow predictions, whilst “poor” modelled rainfall may lead to
“good” streamflow predictions. This is due to the representation of highly
seasonal catchment processes within the hydrological model that can dampen
or amplify rainfall errors when converted to streamflow. The framework
identified the importance of rainfall in the “wetting-up” months (months
where the rainfall is high but streamflow low) of the annual hydrologic
cycle (May and June in this case study) for providing reliable predictions
of streamflow over the entire year despite their low monthly flow volume.
This insight would not have been found using existing methods and highlights
the importance of the virtual hydrological evaluation framework for SRM
evaluation.
Meteorological conditions leading to the 2015 Salgar flash flood: lessons for vulnerable regions in tropical complex terrain
Authors: Hoyos Carlos D. , Ceballos Lina I. , Pérez-Carrasquilla Jhayron S. , Sepúlveda Julián , López-Zapata Silvana M. , Zuluaga Manuel D. , Velásquez Nicolás , Herrera-Mejía Laura , Hernández Olver , Guzmán-Echavarría Gisel , Zapata Mauricio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Flash floods are a recurrent hazard for many developing Latin American regions due to their complex mountainous terrain and the rainfall characteristics in the tropics. These regions often lack the timely and high-quality information needed to assess, in real time, the threats to the vulnerable communities due to extreme hydrometeorological events. The systematic assessment of past extreme events allows us to improve our prediction capabilities of flash floods. In May 2015, a flash flood in the La Liboriana basin, municipality of Salgar, Colombia, caused more than 100 casualties and significant infrastructure damage. Despite the data scarcity, the climatological aspects, meteorological conditions, and first-order hydrometeorological mechanisms associated with the La Liboriana flash flood, including orographic intensification and the spatial distribution of the rainfall intensity relative to the basin's geomorphological features, are studied using precipitation information obtained using a weather radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) technique, as well as from satellite products, in situ rain gauges from neighboring basins, quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) from an operational Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) application, and data from reanalysis products. The La Liboriana flash flood took place during a period with negative precipitation anomalies over most of the country as a result of an El Niño event. However, during May 2015, moist easterly flow towards the upper part of La Liboriana caused significant orographic rainfall enhancement. The overall evidence shows an important role of successive precipitation events in a relatively short period and of orography in the spatial distribution of rainfall and its intensification as convective cores approached the steepest topography. There were three consecutive events generating significant rainfall within the La Liboriana basin, and no single precipitation event was exceptionally large enough to generate the flash flood, but rather the combined role of precedent rainfall and the extreme hourly precipitation triggered the event. The results point to key lessons for improving local risk reduction strategies in vulnerable regions with complex terrain.
Mezinárodní právo soukromé – včera, dnes a zítra
Authors: Rozehnalová Naděžda , Sedláková Salibová Kristina 
Published: November 2019

Příspěvek se zabývá vývojem mezinárodního práva soukromého, jako vědecké a pedagogické disciplíny, za uplynulých sto let od vzniku Právnické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity v Brně. Jsou nastíněny zlomové okamžiky, které vedly k významnému rozvoji této vědní disciplíny. Příspěvek je rozdělen do tří částí, kde autoři popisují pedagogické a vědecké uchopení mezinárodního práva soukromého a procesního na pozadí obecného vývoje této disciplíny.
Úvahy nad českým rodinným právem ve světle stého výročí tzv. manželské novely
Authors: Králíčková Zdeňka 
Published: November 2019

Článek je věnován vývoji manželského práva ve světle tzv. manželské novely přijaté před sto lety. Lze říci, že tento zákon z počátku dvacátého století představuje významný počin, který české rodinné právo ovlivnil na dlouhá léta. Byl nastolen správný směr svobodné volby civilní či církevní formy uzavření manželství, došlo k omezení překážek manželství a rozvod manželství se významně zjednodušil. Klade se otázka, jaké jsou potřeby současné české společnosti? Je na místě de lege ferenda zakotvit v rámci legislativního „prorodinného balíčku“ tzv. rozvod u notáře?
Vzpomínka na hospodářské právo
Authors: Pokorná Jarmila 
Published: November 2019

Příspěvek představuje osobní vzpomínku na studium na právnické fakultě na přelomu sedmdesátých a osmdesátých let 20. století. Zabývá se hospodářským právem jako speciálním předmětem, který byl na fakultě vyučován, a vzpomíná na učitele, kteří se mu věnovali.
Temporaliser la photographie : Marker, Varda, Wenders–Salgado
Authors: Caille Antoine Constantin 
Published: November 2019

À travers trois films qui reposent sur des photographies — Si j’avais quatre dromadaires de Chris Marker (1966), Ulysse d’Agnès Varda (1982) et Le sel de la Terre de Wim Wenders et Juliano Ribeiro Salgado (2014) —, cette contribution interroge la valeur et le sens de la restitution du temps. Nous considérons la part que joue dans le film la restitution du contexte bio-historiographique de la photographie, mais aussi la capacité de l’oeuvre photocinématographique à rendre sensible le temps. De quel temps s’agit-il alors ? Celui du réel photographié ou celui inventé par l’oeuvre ? Peut-on restituer ce temps réel et singulier de l’instant photographié, et est-ce cette restitution qui donnera tout son sens à la photographie ? Quelle importance faut-il donner à la singularité du moment ? L’enjeu de la restitution du temps ne dépasse-t-il pas celui de la restitution de cette singularité ?
Thermosensitive Hydrogel Based on PEO–PPO–PEO Poloxamers for a Controlled In Situ Release of Recombinant Adeno‐Associated Viral Vectors for Effective Gene Therapy of Cartilage Defects
Authors: Madry Henning , Gao Liang , Rey‐Rico Ana , Venkatesan Jagadeesh K. , Müller‐Brandt Kathrin , Cai Xiaoyu , Goebel Lars , Schmitt Gertrud , Speicher‐Mentges Susanne , Zurakowski David , Menger Michael D. , Laschke Matthias W. , Cucchiarini Magali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdvanced biomaterial‐guided delivery of gene vectors is an emerging and highly attractive therapeutic solution for targeted articular cartilage repair, allowing for a controlled and minimally invasive delivery of gene vectors in a spatiotemporally precise manner, reducing intra‐articular vector spread and possible loss of the therapeutic gene product. As far as it is known, the very first successful in vivo application of such a biomaterial‐guided delivery of a potent gene vector in an orthotopic large animal model of cartilage damage is reported here. In detail, an injectable and thermosensitive hydrogel based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)–poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)–PEO poloxamers, capable of controlled release of a therapeutic recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) vector overexpressing the chondrogenic sox9 transcription factor in full‐thickness chondral defects, is applied in a clinically relevant minipig model in vivo. These comprehensive analyses of the entire osteochondral unit with multiple standardized evaluation methods indicate that rAAV‐FLAG‐hsox9/PEO–PPO–PEO hydrogel‐augmented microfracture significantly improves cartilage repair with a collagen fiber orientation more similar to the normal cartilage and protects the subchondral bone plate from early bone loss.
Boosting Ethylene/Ethane Separation within Copper(I)‐Chelated Metal–Organic Frameworks through Tailor‐Made Aperture and Specific π‐Complexation
Authors: Zhang Ling , Li Libo , Hu Enlai , Yang Ling , Shao Kai , Yao Lijia , Jiang Ke , Cui Yuanjing , Yang Yu , Li Bin , Chen Banglin , Qian Guodong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe development of new materials for separating ethylene (C2H4) from ethane (C2H6) by adsorption is of great importance in the petrochemical industry, but remains very challenging owing to their close molecular sizes and physical properties. Using isoreticular chemistry in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) enables the precise design and construction of target materials with suitable aperture sizes and functional sites for gas separations. Herein, it is described that fine‐tuning of pore size and π‐complexation simultaneously in microporous copper(I)‐chelated MOFs can remarkably boost the C2H4/C2H6 adsorption selectivity. The judicious choice of organic linkers with a different number of carboxyl groups in the UiO‐66 framework not only allows the fine tuning of the pore size but also immobilizes copper(I) ions onto the framework. The tailor‐made adsorbent, CuI@UiO‐66‐(COOH)2, thus possesses the optimal pore window size and chelated Cu(I) ions to form π‐complexation with C2H4 molecules. It can rapidly adsorb C2H4 driven by the strong π‐complexation interactions, while effectively reducing C2H6 uptake due to the selective size‐sieving. Therefore, this material exhibits an ultrahigh C2H4/C2H6 selectivity (80.8), outperforming most previously described benchmark materials. The exceptional separation performance of CuI@UiO‐66‐(COOH)2 is validated by breakthrough experiments for 50/50 v/v C2H4/C2H6 mixtures under ambient conditions.
Accessing multidimensional mixing via 3D printing and showerhead micromixer design
Authors: Zhang Haomiao , Kopfmüller Thomas , Achermann Ramona , Zhang Jisong , Teixeira Andrew , Shen Yi , Jensen Klavs F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present a 3D metal printing showerhead mixer to blend effectively two reagent streams into a confined mixing volume. Each stream is predistributed to multiple channels to increase the contact area in the mixing zone, which enables high mixing performance with smaller pressure drop. The showerhead mixer shows excellent mixing performance owing to its ability to intersperse rapidly the two streams as characterized by the diazo coupling reactions and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Experimental results demonstrate superior performance of the showerhead mixer compared to two common commercial micro T‐mixers, especially in low Reynolds number regime. CFD results are employed to (a) help understand the mixing mechanism, (b) reproduce the experimental observations, and (c) inform the design specifications for optimal performance. Good agreement between experiments and simulations is achieved. The final design includes multiple side‐fed inlets for improved mixing performance of the showerhead mixer, as suggested by the validated CFD models.
Genetic and physiological mechanisms of freezing tolerance in locally adapted populations of a winter annual
Authors: Sanderson Brian J. , Park Sunchung , Jameel M. Inam , Kraft Joshua C. , Thomashow Michael F. , Schemske Douglas W. , Oakley Christopher G. 
Published: November 2019

PremiseDespite myriad examples of local adaptation, the phenotypes and genetic variants underlying such adaptive differentiation are seldom known. Recent work on freezing tolerance and local adaptation in ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana from Italy and Sweden provides an essential foundation for uncovering the genotype–phenotype–fitness map for an adaptive response to a key environmental stress.MethodsWe examined the consequences of a naturally occurring loss‐of‐function (LOF) mutation in an Italian allele of the gene that encodes the transcription factor CBF2, which underlies a major freezing‐tolerance locus. We used four lines with a Swedish genetic background, each containing a LOF CBF2 allele. Two lines had introgression segments containing the Italian CBF2 allele, and two contained deletions created using CRISPR‐Cas9. We used a growth chamber experiment to quantify freezing tolerance and gene expression before and after cold acclimation.ResultsFreezing tolerance was lower in the Italian (11%) compared to the Swedish (72%) ecotype, and all four experimental CBF2 LOF lines had reduced freezing tolerance compared to the Swedish ecotype. Differential expression analyses identified 10 genes for which all CBF2 LOF lines, and the IT ecotype had similar patterns of reduced cold responsive expression compared to the SW ecotype.ConclusionsWe identified 10 genes that are at least partially regulated by CBF2 that may contribute to the differences in cold‐acclimated freezing tolerance between the Italian and Swedish ecotypes. These results provide novel insight into the molecular and physiological mechanisms connecting a naturally occurring sequence polymorphism to an adaptive response to freezing conditions.
Characterization of two rat models of cystic fibrosis—KO and F508del CFTR—Generated by Crispr‐Cas9
Authors: Dreano Elise , Bacchetta Marc , Simonin Juliette , Galmiche Louise , Usal Claire , Slimani Lotfi , Sadoine Jérémy , Tesson Laurent , Anegon Ignacio , Concordet Jean‐Paul , Hatton Aurélie , Vignaud Lucile , Tondelier Danielle , Sermet‐Gaudelus Isabelle , Chanson Marc , Cottart Charles‐Henry 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundGenetically engineered animals are essential for gaining a proper understanding of the disease mechanisms of cystic fibrosis (CF). The rat is a relevant laboratory model for CF because of its zootechnical capacity, size, and airway characteristics, including the presence of submucosal glands.MethodsWe describe the generation of a CF rat model (F508del) homozygous for the p.Phe508del mutation in the transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr) gene. This model was compared to new Cftr−/− rats (CFTR KO). Target organs in CF were examined by histological staining of tissue sections and tooth enamel was quantified by micro‐computed tomography. The activity of CFTR was evaluated by nasal potential difference (NPD) and short‐circuit current measurements. The effect of VX‐809 and VX‐770 was analyzed on nasal epithelial primary cell cultures from F508del rats.ResultsBoth newborn F508del and Knock out (KO) animals developed intestinal obstruction that could be partly compensated by special diet combined with an osmotic laxative. The two rat models exhibited CF phenotypic anomalies such as vas deferens agenesis and tooth enamel defects. Histology of the intestine, pancreas, liver, and lungs was normal. Absence of CFTR function in KO rats was confirmed ex vivo by short‐circuit current measurements on colon mucosae and in vivo by NPD, whereas residual CFTR activity was observed in F508del rats. Exposure of F508del CFTR nasal primary cultures to a combination of VX‐809 and VX‐770 improved CFTR‐mediated Cl− transport.ConclusionsThe F508del rats reproduce the phenotypes observed in CFTR KO animals and represent a novel resource to advance the development of CF therapeutics.
Organothiol Monolayer Formation Directly on Muscovite Mica
Authors: de Poel Wester , Brugman Sander J. T. , van de Ven Kim H. A. , Gasseling Anouk , de Lange Jordi , Townsend Eleanor R. , Engwerda Anthonius H. J. , Jankowski Maciej , Blijlevens Melian A. R. , Werkhoven Ben L. , Drnec Jakub , Carlà Francesco , Felici Roberto , Tuladhar Aashish , Adhikari Narendra M. , De Yoreo James J. , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , van Enckevort Willem J. P. , Rowan Alan E. , Vlieg Elias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganothiol monolayers on metal substrates (Au, Ag, Cu) and their use in a wide variety of applications have been extensively studied. Here, the growth of layers of organothiols directly onto muscovite mica is demonstrated using a simple procedure. Atomic force microscopy, surface X‐ray diffraction, and vibrational sum‐frequency generation IR spectroscopy studies revealed that organothiols with various functional endgroups could be self‐assembled into (water) stable and adaptable ultra‐flat organothiol monolayers over homogenous areas as large as 1 cm2. The strength of the mica–organothiol interactions could be tuned by exchanging the potassium surface ions for copper ions. Several of these organothiol monolayers were subsequently used as a template for calcite growth.
Effects of fishing practice changes on pelagic shark longline captures in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia
Authors: Saidi Bechir , Karaa Sami , Enajjar Samira , Bradaï Mohamed. N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

In order to increase their catches, longliners targeting sharks in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia, have increased the number of hooks per basket and have included new bait types instead of mackerel (Scomber scombrus). This paper reports the effects of these changes on catch composition, catch rates, size distribution, life‐stage captures, and mortality at haulback.
Data from 48 and 96 longline sets, carried out during the shark fishing seasons of 2007 and 2008, with two hooks per basket, and 2016 and 2017, with five hooks per basket, respectively, were examined to assess the effect of gear change. Moreover, the effects of bait types were inspected based on 33 fishing sets using whole mackerel, 19 using salema (Sarpa salpa) halves, and 27 using pieces of stingray (Dasyatis spp.), sampled during 2016 and 2017.
The species composition indicated that longliners expand the vertical distribution of their hooks to operate from the surface to the bottom. The catches with both longline designs were dominated by sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus). Despite gear changes, the catch rate of C. plumbeus decreased by 42.21%, suggesting population decline. The size composition indicated a shift towards larger specimens, mainly adult females, which could jeopardize the shark population. Moreover, the mortality of the main species at haulback seems to be affected by the design of the longline.
The bait used, mainly pieces of stingray, significantly increased the catch rate of sandbar shark, which suggests a greater attractiveness of the new bait; however, fish size and mortality rates at haulback were unchanged in response to bait variation.
The fishery operates in shark nursery grounds, which exposes these fish (principally C. plumbeus) to considerable exploitation pressure. The new fishing practices intensified the pressure and thus the risk of a rapid depletion of populations. To preserve the shark species in the area, the use of new gear and attractive bait should be banned.
New ventures in Cleantech: Opportunities, capabilities and innovation outcomes
Authors: Jensen Febi , Lööf Hans , Stephan Andreas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFacing the challenge of climate change, innovations that imply environmental benefits create business opportunities for entrepreneurs. This paper analyzes innovation capabilities of startups in Cleantech and how the innovation outcomes of those startups develop over time. Based on the Mannheim Foundation Panel and applying propensity score matching, a cohort of 567 Cleantech startups is analyzed and compared with a control cohort of non‐Cleantech startups. We find that startups in Cleantech have, on average, higher technological capabilities compared with all other startups. Our econometric evidence shows that Cleantech startups are more likely to combine existing technology in a novel way. Finally, we find that Cleantech startups develop more market novelties in subsequent years when compared with their control group peers.
Is environmental innovation conducive to corporate financing? The moderating role of advertising expenditures
Authors: Liao Zhongju 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEnvironmental innovation is an important way for firms to achieve sustainable development and acquire resources. Based on the stakeholder, resource dependence, and signal transmission theories, this study divided environmental innovation into substantive and strategic eco‐innovation and constructed a relationship model among environmental innovation, advertising expenditures, and corporate financing. Selecting 162 Chinese manufacturing listed companies from 2012 to 2017 as the research sample and adopting the multiple regression analysis method, the study found that substantive eco‐innovation had a positive effect on corporate financing, but strategic eco‐innovation had a significant negative effect on corporate financing. Further, advertising expenditures played a positive moderating role between substantive eco‐innovation, strategic eco‐innovation, and corporate financing. The robustness test further confirmed these results.