bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rare cause of abnormal pulmonary venous drainage: septum primum malposition
Authors: Ayyıldız Pelin , Öztürk Erkut , Kasar Taner , Türkvatan Aysel , Onan İsmihan Selen , Güzeltaş Alper 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features of patients with septum primum malposition, imaging tools used for diagnosis, and their effects on the surgical approach.Materials and methods:Patients diagnosed with septum primum malposition in our paediatric cardiac centre between 1 January, 2015 and 1 January, 2019 were included in the study. In all patients, the age, reason for admission, transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac multidetector CT angiography findings, and subsequent surgical data were evaluated.Results:Fifteen patients were diagnosed with septum primum malposition during the study period. The median age was 12 months (2 months–10 years). Six patients were left isomeric, and the rest were situs solitus; 80% of the patients (n = 12) had additional secundum atrial septal defect. There was cardiac pathology in 46% of the patients (n = 7) in addition to the abnormal pulmonary venous drainage, ventricular septal defect (n = 3), left ventricularhypoplasia (n = 2), cortriatriatum sinister (n = 2), double outlet right ventricle (n = 1), and atrioventricular septal defect (n = 1). There was bilateral superior caval vein in three patients, right-sided superior caval vein in 11 patients, and left-sided superior caval vein in one patient. All three patients with total abnormal pulmonary venous drainage were left atrial isomeric. There were differences between the results of transthoracic echocardiography and CT angiographies in two patients. The surgical strategy was changed in three patients after the preoperative diagnosis of septum primum malposition.Conclusion:Septum primum malposition should be kept in mind during the imaging of complex CHDs specifically during the segmental analysis of the pathologies with heterotaxy syndromes; it should be differentiated from other aetiologies of abnormal pulmonary venous drainage as accurate diagnosis would facilitate the ideal surgery in these complex pathologies requiring a detailed preoperative preparation.
‘They deserve a treat’: the nature and antecedents of parental licensing surrounding children’s physical activity
Authors: Law Kwok Hong , Dimmock James A , Thornton Ashleigh L , Nicholas Joanna C , Ho Gordon , Gucciardi Daniel F , Guelfi Kym J , Jackson Ben 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective:
Little is known about parents’ compensatory health beliefs (CHB) surrounding their children’s engagement in physical activity (PA). Our aim was to provide evidence regarding the nature of, and factors underpinning, parents’ PA-related compensatory beliefs for their children.

Design:
A qualitative descriptive approach and thematic content analysis were employed.

Setting:
Parents were recruited from community sport and PA programmes.

Participants:
Eighteen parents aged 32–52 years (mean age = 40·8 (sd 5·4) years; six males; twelve females).

Results:
Analyses indicated that parents compensate through ‘passive’ or ‘active’ means. Among parents who compensated, most described their provision of ‘treat’ foods/drinks and a minority described allowing extended sedentary time to their children. Parents’ reasons underpinning these beliefs related to their child’s general physical/health status and psychological characteristics, and their own motivation and mood state.

Conclusions:
These findings provide the first evidence of unhealthy dietary and sedentary behaviour CHB that parents may hold regarding their children’s involvement in PA.
An automatic electronic instrument for accurate measurements of food volume and density
Authors: Yuan Ding , Hu Xiaohui , Zhang Hong , Jia Wenyan , Mao Zhi-Hong , Sun Mingui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:Accurate measurements of food volume and density are often required as ‘gold standards’ for calibration of image-based dietary assessment and food database development. Currently, there is no specialised laboratory instrument for these measurements. We present the design of a new volume of density (VD) meter to bridge this technological gap.Design:Our design consists of a turntable, a load sensor, a set of cameras and lights installed on an arc-shaped stationary support, and a microcomputer. It acquires an array of food images, reconstructs a 3D volumetric model, weighs the food and calculates both food volume and density, all in an automatic process controlled by the microcomputer. To adapt to the complex shapes of foods, a new food surface model, derived from the electric field of charged particles, is developed for 3D point cloud reconstruction of either convex or concave food surfaces.Results:We conducted two experiments to evaluate the VD meter. The first experiment utilised computer-synthesised 3D objects with prescribed convex and concave surfaces of known volumes to investigate different food surface types. The second experiment was based on actual foods with different shapes, colours and textures. Our results indicated that, for synthesised objects, the measurement error of the electric field-based method was <1 %, significantly lower compared with traditional methods. For real-world foods, the measurement error depended on the types of food volumes (detailed discussion included). The largest error was approximately 5 %.Conclusion:The VD meter provides a new electronic instrument to support advanced research in nutrition science.
Developing a multispecies weed competition model for high-yielding cotton
Authors: Charles Graham W. , Sindel Brian M. , Cowie Annette L. , Knox Oliver G. G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlyphosate-tolerant and glyphosate-resistant weeds are becoming increasingly problematic in cotton fields in Australia, necessitating a return from a glyphosate dominated system to a more integrated approach to weed management. The development of an integrated weed management system can be facilitated by identifying the critical period for weed control (CPWC), a model that enables cotton growers to optimize the timing of their weed control inputs. Using data from field studies conducted from 2003 to 2015, CPWC models using extended functions, including weed biomass in the relationships, were developed for the mimic weeds, common sunflower and Japanese millet, in high-yielding, fully irrigated cotton. A multispecies CPWC model was developed after combining these data sets with data for mungbean in irrigated cotton, using weed height and weed biomass as descriptors in the models. Comparison of observed and predicted relative cotton-lint yields from the multispecies CPWC model demonstrated that the model reasonably described the competition from these three very different mimic weeds, opening the possibility for cotton growers to use a multispecies CPWC model in their production systems.
Some Differences in the Dynamics of the Intermediate Descending Layers Observed During Periods of Maximum and Minimum Solar Flux
Authors: Santos A. M. , Batista I. S. , Sobral J. H. A. , Brum C. G. M. , Abdu M. A. , Souza J. R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, ionograms from São Luís (SL, 2°S; 44°W, I: −3.8°) and Cachoeira Paulista (CP, 22.42°S; 45°W, I: −34.4°) are analyzed to examine the characteristics of the intermediate descending layers (ILs) over the Brazilian equatorial and low‐latitude regions under different solar flux conditions. The solar flux effects on the ILs are investigated in terms of the rate of occurrence of the IL; the seasonal behavior of some parameters such as the height, frequency, and velocity; and the duration and the number of ILs events observed per day. One of the main results of this work is that unlike over CP, the ILs over SL presented some peculiarities, such as a lower rate of occurrence during a period of solar maximum activity (2003) when compared with a period of solar minimum activity (2009). This apparent variation was likely caused by the magnetic equator moving away from SL during this period. The duration of the ILs was also investigated, and it was found that in 2009, the ILs presented higher life time than in 2003. The descending velocity of the ILs is compatible with the semidiurnal and quarter‐diurnal tides. Over SL, the larger descending rate in some cases (>10 km/hr) may reveal the additional influence of the gravity waves in the IL's dynamics.
Incorporating Spatial Variations in Parameters for Improvements of an Evapotranspiration Model
Authors: Wu Genan , Hu Zhongmin , Keenan Trevor F. , Li Shenggong , Zhao Wei , Cao Ruo Chen , Li Yuzhe , Guo Qun , Sun Xiaomin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEcosystem models are important tools for exploring the temporal and spatial patterns of ecosystem processes and their responses to climate change. However, the implications of uncertainty in model parameters are often overlooked, especially in regional ecosystem model simulations. Here, we use eddy‐covariance observations to estimate parameters in an ecosystem model, which was developed from Shuttleworth‐Wallace model, and examine the effect on estimates of evapotranspiration (ET). Using a simple ecosystem model as an example, we use Monte Carlo techniques to optimize key model parameters using eddy covariance (EC) data from 163 FLUXNET sites. The optimization process revealed a strong spatial correlation between key parameters and environmental variables, particularly leaf area index (LAI) and soil characteristics (e.g., clay fraction). The optimization of parameters related to canopy conductance and soil surface resistance greatly improved model performance, particularly when incorporating the identified spatial variation of parameters. The improved model agreed well with the measurements with an increase in the coefficient of determination (R2) from 73% to 80% in the 8‐day averaged ET estimation and a decrease in the root mean square error (RMSE) from 130.2 to 104.3 mm year−1 compared with the original model. The results suggest the potential of eddy‐covariance flux observations to identify predictable spatial variations of key parameters, which can be used to better constrain ecosystem models. And in this case, a universal and efficient method for reducing the uncertainties in key parameters across different PFTs and ecosystem applications is suggested.
Is High Topography Around the North Atlantic Supported From the Upper Mantle?
Authors: Hejrani Babak , Balling Niels , Jacobsen Bo Holm , Nielsen Søren Bom 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe traveltime residuals of 393 receiver sites with more than 21,000 P wave and 9,700 S wave arrivals are used to investigate the upper‐mantle P and S wave velocity structure down to the depth of 500 km beneath the regions of high topography of the North Atlantic Caledonian crust. In east Greenland, we observe high‐velocity anomalies beneath high topography. In northern Norway and Sweden, a stable thick lithosphere beneath both the high topography and the Baltic shield exists. Only southern Norway exhibits a weak correlation between high topography and low‐velocity anomalies of P and S waves. Consequently, the correlation of topography versus average relative traveltime residuals in four regions of proposed Cenozoic epeirogenic uplift reveals positive correlation only in southern Norway and negative or absence of correlation in other regions. These results show that high topography does not correlate with the inferred velocity structure of the upper mantle in the North Atlantic realm. Consequently, our findings weaken the hypothesis of dynamic topography and epeirogenic uplift of the Atlantic margins during the Late Cenozoic.
Modeling Geoelectric Fields Induced by Geomagnetic Disturbances in 3D Subsurface Geology, an Example From Southeastern Australia
Authors: Wang Liejun , Duan Jingming , Hitchman Adrian P. , Lewis Andrew M. , Jones William V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGeomagnetic storms can cause power grid instabilities and blackouts due to excessive geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) flowing in electric transmission systems. In this study, we assess regional vulnerability to GICs by modeling the geoelectric fields induced by significant historic geomagnetic disturbance events in the presence of 3D subsurface geology using data from the Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project (AusLAMP) magnetotelluric array, Australia‐Wide Array of Geomagnetic Stations (AWAGS) magnetometer array, and Geoscience Australia geomagnetic observatory network. We analyze the vertical component of the magnetic field with respect to the horizontal magnetic‐field polarization for two magnetic storms and gain insight into the inductive effects associated with field polarization orientations in the 3D case. We also analyze the telluric field intensity and polarization for a unit geomagnetic field polarized in northerly and easterly directions at AusLAMP sites and find that in the presence of 3D geology the induced field has a very polarization‐sensitive anomaly. We model the geoelectric fields in southeastern Australia for the 1989 “Québec storm.” The induced ground electric fields are typically in the range 1,000–2,000 mV/km with a few sites within 2,000–5,000 mV/km on highly resistive regions and in coastal areas, and below 300 mV/km on inland sedimentary basins. The current study focuses on magnetic‐field variations with periods between 120 and ~20,000 s due to bandwidth limits in our magnetotelluric tensor data and the Nyquist limit for the 60 s sampling of our geomagnetic‐field data. Hence, our modeled maximum values should be considered lower estimates of potential real values.
ADRML: anticancer drug response prediction using manifold learning
Authors: Ahmadi Moughari Fatemeh , Eslahchi Changiz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne of the prominent challenges in precision medicine is to select the most appropriate treatment strategy for each patient based on the personalized information. The availability of massive data about drugs and cell lines facilitates the possibility of proposing efficient computational models for predicting anticancer drug response. In this study, we propose ADRML, a model for Anticancer Drug Response Prediction using Manifold Learning to systematically integrate the cell line information with the drug information to make accurate predictions about drug therapeutic. The proposed model maps the drug response matrix into the lower-rank spaces that lead to obtaining new perspectives about cell lines and drugs. The drug response for a new cell line-drug pair is computed using the low-rank features. The evaluation of ADRML performance on various types of cell lines and drug information, in addition to the comparisons with previously proposed methods, shows that ADRML provides accurate and robust predictions. Further investigations about the association between drug response and pathway activity scores reveal that the predicted drug responses can shed light on the underlying drug mechanism. Also, the case studies suggest that the predictions of ADRML about novel cell line-drug pairs are validated by reliable pieces of evidence from the literature. Consequently, the evaluations verify that ADRML can be used in accurately predicting and imputing the anticancer drug response.
Phenome-wide analyses establish a specific association between aortic valve PALMD expression and calcific aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Li Zhonglin , Gaudreault Nathalie , Arsenault Benoit J. , Mathieu Patrick , Bossé Yohan , Thériault Sébastien 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCalcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a frequent heart disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent genomic studies have identified a locus near the gene PALMD (palmdelphin) strongly associated with CAVS. Here, we show that genetically-determined expression of PALMD in the aortic valve is inversely associated with CAVS, with a stronger effect in women, in a meta-analysis of two large cohorts totaling 2359 cases and 350,060 controls. We further demonstrate the specificity of this relationship by showing the absence of other significant association between the genetically-determined expression of PALMD in 9 tissues and 852 phenotypes. Using genome-wide association studies meta-analyses of cardiovascular traits, we identify a significant colocalized positive association between genetically-determined expression of PALMD in four non-cardiac tissues (brain anterior cingulate cortex, esophagus muscularis, tibial nerve and subcutaneous adipose tissue) and atrial fibrillation. The present work further establishes PALMD as a promising molecular target for CAVS.
Distraction Osteogenesis in the Treatment of Craniofacial Anomalies: Applications and Outcomes
Authors: Napoli Joseph A. , Zimmerman Carrie E. , Vallino Linda D. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Craniofacial anomalies (CFA) often result in growth abnormalities of the facial skeleton adversely affecting function and appearance. The functional problems caused by the structural anomalies include upper airway obstruction, speech abnormalities, feeding difficulty, hearing deficits, dental/occlusal defects, and cognitive and psychosocial impairment. Managing disorders of the craniofacial skeleton has been improved by the technique known as
distraction osteogenesis
(DO). In DO, new bone growth is stimulated allowing bones to be lengthened without need for bone graft. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the technique and clinical applications and outcomes of DO in CFA.

Conclusion
Distraction can be applied to various regions of the craniofacial skeleton to correct structure and function. The benefits of this procedure include improved airway, feeding, occlusion, speech, and appearance, resulting in a better quality of life for patients with CFA.
Labordiagnostik bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Biester Torben , Kordonouri Olga , Datz Nicolin , von dem Berge Thekla , Reschke Felix , Danne Thomas , März Winfried 
Published: August 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGUnter dem Begriff Diabetes mellitus versteckt sich eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Erkrankungen, deren Leitsymptome der erhöhte Blutzucker und die Glukosurie sind. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Pathophysiologie z. B. des Typ-1- oder Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus ist die exakte Kenntnis der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung essenziell für eine korrekte und zielführende Therapie.Aktuelle Leitlinien beschreiben z. T. komplexe Pfade der Diagnosestellung des Diabetes mellitus, in der Differenzialdiagnostik jedoch ist im klinischen oder Praxisalltag eine rasche definitive Diagnosestellung zur Therapieeinleitung wünschenswert. Wir stellen die diagnostischen Leitparameter zur Unterscheidung der einzelnen Krankheitsentitäten und deren Bedeutung in einer übersichtlichen Zusammenfassung dar, um eine Hilfestellung im täglichen Alltag auf dem Weg zur sicheren Diagnose zu geben.
Labordiagnostik bei SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen
Authors: Roskos Martin 
Published: August 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie aktuelle COVID-19-Pandemie stellte auch die medizinischen Labore vor große Herausforderungen. Der prinzipiell sehr frühen Kenntnis des primär neuen Erregers und der prinzipiellen Möglichkeit des Nachweises des Virus stand oft eine zunächst unzureichende Verfügbarkeit an Reagenzien und Analysensystemen gegenüber, die aber relativ schnell verbessert werden konnten, sodass nun eine flächendeckende und schnelle Diagnostik dieses Erregers möglich ist. Neben der Erregeridentifizierung liefert die Labordiagnostik jedoch auch wichtige Hinweise bei der Beurteilung der Erkrankung bzw. der Abschätzung des weiteren Verlaufes. Die Wertigkeit einzelner Parameter bzw. Parameterkonstellationen wurde dabei teilweise erst im Verlauf der Pandemie deutlich bzw. ist auch noch in der Evaluierung.
Diagnostic accuracy of capsule endoscopy compared with colonoscopy for polyp detection: systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Kjølhede Tue , Ølholm Anne Mette , Kaalby Lasse , Kidholm Kristian , Qvist Niels , Baatrup Gunnar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a technology that might contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs as a filter test between fecal immunochemical testing and standard colonoscopy. The aim was to systematically review the literature for studies investigating the diagnostic yield of second-generation CCE compared with standard colonoscopy.
Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Study characteristics including quality of bowel preparation and completeness of CCE transits were extracted. Per-patient sensitivity and specificity were extracted for polyps (any size, ≥ 10 mm, ≥ 6 mm) and lesion characteristics. Meta-analyses of diagnostic yield were performed.
Results The literature search revealed 1077 unique papers and 12 studies were included. Studies involved a total of 2199 patients, of whom 1898 were included in analyses. The rate of patients with adequate bowel preparation varied from 40 % to 100 %. The rates of complete CCE transit varied from 57 % to 100 %. Our meta-analyses demonstrated that mean (95 % confidence interval) sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were: 0.85 (0.73–0.92), 0.85 (0.70–0.93), and 30.5 (16.2–57.2), respectively, for polyps of any size; 0.87 (0.82–0.90), 0.95 (0.92–0.97), and 136.0 (70.6–262.1), respectively, for polyps ≥ 10 mm; and 0.87 (0.83–0.90), 0.88 (0.75–0.95), and 51.1 (19.8–131.8), respectively, for polyps ≥ 6 mm. No serious adverse events were reported for CCE.
Conclusion CCE had high sensitivity and specificity for per-patient polyps compared with standard colonoscopy However, the relatively high rate of incomplete investigations limits the application of CCE in a CRC screening setting.
Revisiting the ‘Phenonium Phenomenon’: Regiodivergent Opening of Nonsymmetrical Phenonium Ions with Halide Nucleophiles
Authors: Race Nicholas J. , Holst Hannah M. , McGuire Shelby B. 
Published: August 2020

Formation of phenonium ions through anchimeric assistance (neighboring-group participation) of aryl rings has been known since 1949. Although these reactive intermediates have been studied extensively by physical organic chemists, their potential as control elements in synthesis is underutilized. Presented here are our laboratory’s recently reported first examples of regiodivergent openings of nonsymmetrical phenonium ions with chloride nucleophiles. The selectivity of these processes is under reagent control. The reactions are operationally simple and permit the stereospecific synthesis of complex chiral building blocks from readily accessible epoxide starting materials.1	Introduction2	Select Examples of Phenonium Ion Methodology3	Regiodivergent Opening of Nonsymmetrical Phenonium Ions4	Summary and Outlook
Utility of N-Bromosuccinimide–Water Combination as a Green Reagent for Synthesis of N,S-Heterocycles and Dithiocarbamates from Styrenes
Authors: Matloubi Moghaddam Firouz , Goudarzi Mehri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn efficient and unprecedented green protocol has been developed for the synthesis of N,S-heterocycles from styrenes and alkyl dithiocarbamates with high to excellent yields. The reaction of primary or secondary amines, CS2, and styrenes was carried out in water in the presence of a catalytic amount of an inorganic base. All products were made by using an N-bromosuccinimide–H2O combination as a green and inexpensive reagent.
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrazoles by Ring-Opening Reactions of 2H-Azirines with Hydrazones
Authors: Shao Jiaan , Shu Ke , Chen Wenteng , Liu Shuangrong , Zhu Huajian , Zhang Jiankang , Zhang Chong , Zeng Ling-Hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA palladium–catalyzed ring-opening reaction of 2H-azirines with hydrazones has been developed. This protocol provides an alternative route for the construction of various polysubstituted pyrazoles with a wide substrate scope. Moreover, a plausible mechanism is proposed for this reaction, which should further enrich the chemical conversion of 2H-azirines.