bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Geschlossene) besondere Wohnformen als unverzichtbarer Teil der regionalen Verbundstrukturen in Deutschland?
Authors: Steinhart Ingmar , Jenderny Sarah , Schreiter Julia 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie Beschreibung der bundesweiten Wohnsituation in stationären Einrichtungen der Eingliederungshilfe für Menschen mit seelischen Behinderungen.Methodik Bundesweite quantitative Erhebung von Struktur- und Prozessdaten von Heimen mittels Online-Fragebogen, durchgeführt im Rahmen der „ZIPHER“-Studie (Zwangsmaßnahmen im Psychiatrischen Hilfesystem – Erfassung und Reduktion).Ergebnisse Es wurde ein Rücklauf von 20 % erzielt, insgesamt konnten 11 881 offene und 1268 geschlossene Plätze erfasst werden. Die Daten zeigen einen Mangel an regionaler Versorgung, an passgenauen Angeboten im Anschluss an das stationäre Wohnen und von Alternativen zur geschlossenen Unterbringung.Schlussfolgerung Die Lösung der Problematiken geschlossener Heime liegt nicht dort, sondern primär vor der Aufnahme, d. h. in der Steuerung durch die Gemeindepsychiatrie insgesamt sowie in der personenbezogenen Ausgestaltung und Refinanzierung ihrer Unterstützungsangebote im Rahmen einer Versorgungsverpflichtung.
Telelecture Educational Series in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Hakimi Amir A. , Dunn Brandyn S. , Sharma Giriraj K. , Bhandarkar Naveen D. , Wong Brian J-F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe sought to evaluate the usefulness of a monthly telelecture educational series in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery for resident education and to identify potential areas for improvement. A monthly series of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery telelectures were hosted at our institution between 2016 and 2018. A web-based survey was sent to 13 residents and 7 invited faculty presenters. Resident survey questions included rating of presentation topics, interface, networking opportunities, and educational value. Faculty survey questions included satisfaction, temporal convenience, likelihood of future telelecture participation, and likelihood of telelecture series implementation at speaker's home institution. The survey response rate was 100%. All of the residents expressed satisfaction with topics presented, lecture duration, perceived enhancement of education, and overall satisfaction with the telelecture series. 46% of residents indicated that the telelecture format limited networking opportunities. 72% of faculty reported they would participate in a future telelecture, and 86% indicated interest in integrating telelectures into their home institution educational curriculum. Live virtual telelectures effectively allow experienced facial plastic surgeons to share their operative techniques and management pearls in an interactive and practical format. This is a contemporary solution to bridging knowledge gaps between expert facial plastic surgeons from all corners of the world and the next generation of surgeons.
Academic vocabulary and collocations used in language teaching and applied linguistics textbooks
Authors: Gholaminejad Razieh , Anani Sarab Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Somewhere between technical and general vocabulary are located those words which are used in formal academic
contexts with a high frequency across scientific disciplines (Farrell 1990). These are
referred to as academic vocabulary. Recent findings do not support the adequacy of a single academic wordlist which can equally
meet the needs of students of all disciplines (Durrant 2016), and this has inspired
researchers to develop wordlists specific to each discipline. Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics is a discipline which
often embraces a high number of non-English speaking students for whom it is a demanding task to engage in academic communication
without having access to a ready-made resource. In the present study, a 10,781,188-word corpus based on textbooks taught in
thirteen subject areas of this field was compiled. The corpus was characterized by a specified genre and time-span, and a large
representative scope. It was used to draw up a list of academic words (= terminology) for students of this field. The wordlist,
which is accompanied by a list of collocations, accounts for approximately 7.1% of the coverage in the corpus. The findings build
on the trend toward generation of field-specific academic wordlists, which have significant implications for students,
instructors, material developers and researchers.
Why inequality persists in Africa
Authors: Obeng-Odoom Franklin 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARY
How to explain persistent inequality in Africa and its widespread consequences of uncertainty and social costs continues to be the focus of heated debate. In this debate piece, I argue that the contending orthodox, heterodox and political economy explanations are not satisfactory. Instead, stratification economics, centred on property and institutions, offers a more compelling elucidation of why stratification and inequality persist in Africa.
On linearised vacuum constraint equations on Einstein manifolds*
Authors: Beig Robert , Chruściel Piotr T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We show how to parameterise solutions of the general relativistic vector constraint equation on Einstein manifolds by unconstrained potentials. We provide a similar construction for the trace-free part of tensors satisfying the linearised scalar constraint. Previous work of ours has provided similar different constructions for solutions of the linearized constraints in the case where the cosmological constant Λ is zero. We use our new potentials to show that one can shield linearised gravitational fields using linearised gravitational fields without imposing the TT gauge (as done in previous work), for any value of

Λ
∈
R

.
Roadmap on multiscale materials modeling
Authors: van der Giessen Erik , Schultz Peter A , Bertin Nicolas , Bulatov Vasily V , Cai Wei , Csányi Gábor , Foiles Stephen M , Geers M G D , González Carlos , Hütter Markus , Kim Woo Kyun , Kochmann Dennis M , LLorca Javier , Mattsson Ann E , Rottler Jörg , Shluger Alexander , Sills Ryan B , Steinbach Ingo , Strachan Alejandro , Tadmor Ellad B 
Published: March 2020

AbstractModeling and simulation is transforming modern materials science, becoming an important tool for the discovery of new materials and material phenomena, for gaining insight into the processes that govern materials behavior, and, increasingly, for quantitative predictions that can be used as part of a design tool in full partnership with experimental synthesis and characterization. Modeling and simulation is the essential bridge from good science to good engineering, spanning from fundamental understanding of materials behavior to deliberate design of new materials technologies leveraging new properties and processes. This Roadmap presents a broad overview of the extensive impact computational modeling has had in materials science in the past few decades, and offers focused perspectives on where the path forward lies as this rapidly expanding field evolves to meet the challenges of the next few decades. The Roadmap offers perspectives on advances within disciplines as diverse as phase field methods to model mesoscale behavior and molecular dynamics methods to deduce the fundamental atomic-scale dynamical processes governing materials response, to the challenges involved in the interdisciplinary research that tackles complex materials problems where the governing phenomena span different scales of materials behavior requiring multiscale approaches. The shift from understanding fundamental materials behavior to development of quantitative approaches to explain and predict experimental observations requires advances in the methods and practice in simulations for reproducibility and reliability, and interacting with a computational ecosystem that integrates new theory development, innovative applications, and an increasingly integrated software and computational infrastructure that takes advantage of the increasingly powerful computational methods and computing hardware.
Growth and evolution of tetracyanoquinodimethane and potassium coadsorption phases on Ag(111)
Authors: Haags Anja , Rochford Luke A , Felter Janina , Blowey Phil J , Duncan David A , Woodruff D Phil , Kumpf Christian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Alkali-doping is a very efficient way of tuning the electronic properties of active molecular layers in (opto-) electronic devices based on organic semiconductors. In this context, we report on the phase formation and evolution of charge transfer salts formed by 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in coadsorption with potassium on a Ag(111) surface. Based on an in-situ study using low energy electron microscopy and diffraction we identify the structural properties of four phases with different stoichiometries, and follow their growth and inter-phase transitions. We label these four phases α to δ, with increasing K content, the last two of which (γ and δ-phases) have not been previously reported. During TCNQ deposition on a K-precovered Ag(111) surface we find a superior stability of δ-phase islands compared to the γ-phase; continued TCNQ deposition leads to a direct transition from the δ to the β-phase when the K : TCNQ ratio corresponding to this phase regime is reached, with no intermediate γ-phase formation. When, instead, K is deposited on a surface precovered with large islands of the low density commensurate (LDC) TCNQ phase that are surrounded by a TCNQ 2D-gas, we observe two different scenarios: on the one hand, in the 2D-gas phase regions, very small α-phase islands are formed (close to the resolution limit of the microscope, 10–15 nm), which transform to β-phase islands of similar size with increasing K deposition. On the other hand, the large (micrometer-sized) TCNQ islands transform directly to similarly large single-domain β-phase islands, the formation of the intermediate α-phase being suppressed. This frustration of the LDC-to-α transition can be lifted by performing the experiment at elevated temperature. In this sense, the morphology of the pure TCNQ submonolayer is conserved during phase transitions.
Gravitational waves induced by scalar perturbations during a gradual transition from an early matter era to the radiation era
Authors: Inomata Keisuke , Kohri Kazunori , Nakama Tomohiro , Terada Takahiro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We revisit the effects of an early matter dominated era on gravitational waves induced by the scalar perturbations. In this work, we consider the gradual transition from an early matter dominated era to the radiation dominated era, where the time scale of the transition is comparable to the Hubble time at that time. The gradual transition can be realized by the standard perturbative reheating with a constant decay rate. We carefully take into account the evolutions of the perturbations during the gradual transition for the first time. As a result, we find that the induced gravitational waves can be suppressed contrary to the previous results.
Gravitational waves from phase transition in a QCD-like hidden sector
Authors: Aoki Mayumi , Kubo Jisuke 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The gravitational wave (GW) background produced at the chiral phase transition in a conformal extension of the standard model is studied. We compute the bounce solution by the iteration method and find that the transition’s inverse duration β normalized to the Hubble parameter H is β/H ≳ 103 which implies that the sound wave period τsw as an active GW source is shorter than 1/H. Using the factor τ
sw
H as the reduction factor for the sound wave contribution to the total GW spectrum, we evaluate the signal-to-noise ratio for the future space-based GW interferometer experiments. In the optimistic case we find that the GW signal could be detected by Big Bang Observer.
Active-sterile neutrino oscillations in the early Universe with the complete mixing matrix
Authors: Pastor Sergio 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the framework of a 3+1 scheme with an additional inert state, we consider the thermalisation of sterile neutrinos in the early Universe taking into account the full 4 × 4 mixing matrix. The evolution of the neutrino energy distributions is found solving the momentum-dependent kinetic equations with full diagonal collision terms. The degree of thermalisation of the sterile state is shown in terms of the effective number of neutrinos, N
eff, and its dependence on the three additional mixing angles (θ
14, θ
24, θ
34) and on the squared mass difference ∆m
2
41 is discussed. Our results are relevant for fixing the contribution of a fourth light neutrino species to the cosmological energy density, whose value is very well constrained by the final Planck analysis. For the preferred region of active-sterile mixing parameters from short-baseline neutrino experiments, we find that the fourth state is fully thermalised (N
eff ≃ 4).
Dark matter distribution in the Galactic dwarf spheroidal galaxies
Authors: Hayashi Kohei , Matsumoto Shigeki , Ibe Masahiro , Ishigaki Mino N. , Sugai Hajime , Shun’Horigome ichi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Galactic dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies are excellent laboratories to shed light on fundamental properties of dark matter. In particular, the dSphs are promising targets for the indirect searches for particle dark matter. In order to set robust constraints on properties of dark matter particles, revealing dark matter distributions in these galaxies is of crucial importance. However, there are various non-negligible systematic uncertainties on the estimate of dark matter distributions in these galaxies. Therefore, it is necessary to address the development of dynamical models considering the effects of these systematic uncertainties. In this talk, we will introduce our constructed dynamical models taking into account these uncertainties and present the inferred dark matter profiles in the classical dSphs using their current kinematic data. In addition, as an intriguing result, we will show that some of dSphs favor cusped dark halo rather than cored one even considering a mass-anisotropy degeneracy. Using these dark matter profiles, we will revisit the core-cusp problem and discuss a possible link between the inner slope of their dark halos and the star formation history.
Axion Dark Matter Search with Interferometrie Gravitational Wave Detectors
Authors: Nagano Koji , Obata Ippei , Fujita Tomohiro , Michimura Yuta 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Axion dark matter differentiates the phase velocities of the circular-polarized photons. In [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 111301 (2019)], we have proposed a scheme to measure the phase difference by using a linear optical cavity. If the scheme is applied to the Fabry-Perot arm of Advanced LIGO-like (Cosmic-Explorer-like) gravitational wave detector, the potential sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling constant, g
aγ, reaches g
aγ ≃ 8 × 10−13 GeV−1 (4 × 10−14 GeV−1) at the axion mass m ≃ 3 × 10−13 eV (2 × 10−15 eV) and remains at around this sensitivity for 3 orders of magnitude in mass. Furthermore, its sensitivity has a sharp peak reaching g
aγ ≃ 10−14 GeV−1 (8 × 10−17 GeV−1) at m = 1.563 × 10−10 eV (1.563 × 10−11 eV). This sensitivity can be achieved without loosing any sensitivity to gravitational waves.
Small scale direct dark matter search experiments
Authors: Cebrián Susana 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Experiments based on noble liquids and solid state cryogenic detectors have had a leading role in the direct detection of dark matter. But smaller scale projects can help to explore the new dark matter landscape with advanced, ultra-sensitive detectors based on recently developed technologies. Here, the physics case of different types of small scale dark matter experiments will be presented and many of them will be reviewed, highlighting the detection techniques and summarizing their properties, results and status.
Development of a Dark Matter Detector that Uses Liquid He and Field Ionization
Authors: Osterman D , Maris H , Seidel G , Stein D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We describe a new detector capable of directly measuring dark matter particles with masses as low as 1 MeV/c
2. The detector is based on the quantum evaporation of helium atoms from the surface of liquid helium and their detection using field ionization. When a dark matter particle collides with an atom in liquid helium, the deposited energy results in the evaporation of helium atoms from the liquid surface. A dense array of sharp, positively charged metal tips, known as the field ionization detector array, creates a strong electric field that ionizes the helium atoms and accelerates them into a calorimeter, which detects the impact. We studied field ionization from single tips and investigated the dependence of the ionization rate on the applied voltage. We discuss the results of these single tip field ionization experiments, as well as upcoming experiments, which will focus on studying the temperature dependence of field ionization of gaseous helium at low temperatures.
CALET results after three years on the International Space Station
Authors: Asaoka Y , Adriani O , Akaike Y , Asano K , Bagliesi M G , Berti E , Bigongiari G , Binns W R , Bonechi S , Bongi M , Bruno A , Buckley J H , Cannady N , Castellini G , Checchia C , Cherry M L , Collazuol G , Di Felice V , Ebisawa K , Fuke H , Guzik T G , Hams T , Hibino K , Ichimura M , Ioka K , Ishizaki W , Israel M H , Kasahara K , Kataoka J , Kataoka R , Katayose Y , Kato C , Kawanaka N , Kawakubo Y , Kohri K , Krawczynski H S , Krizmanic J F , Link J , Maestro P , Marrocchesi P S , Messineo A M , Mitchell J W , Miyake S , Moiseev A A , Mori M , Mori N , Motz H M , Munakata K , Nakahira S , Nishimura J , de Nolfo G A , Okuno S , Opsina N , Ormes J F , Ozawa S , Pacini L , Palma F , Pal’shin V , Papini P , Rauch B F , Ricciarini S B , Sakai K , Sakamoto T , Sasaki M , Shimizu Y , Shiomi A , Sparvoli R , Spillantini P , Stolzi F , Sugita S , Suh J E , Sulaj A , Takahashi I , Takita M , Tamura T , Terasawa T , Torii S , Tsunesada Y , Uchihori Y , Vannuccini E , Wefel J P , Yamaoka K , Yanagita S , Yoshida A , Yoshida K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The CALET (CALorimetric Electron Telescope) space experiment, which is currently conducting direct cosmic-ray observations onboard the International Space Station (ISS), is an all-calorimetric instrument optimized for cosmic-ray electron measurements with capability to measure hadrons and gamma-rays. Since the start of observation in October 2015, smooth and continuous operations have taken place. In this paper, we will give a brief summary of the CALET observations ranging from charged cosmic rays, gamma-rays, to space weather, while focusing on the energy spectra of electrons and protons.
A new high energy gamma-ray observatory in the southern hemisphere: The ALPACA experiment
Authors: Calle C. , Hibino K. , Hotta N. , Katayose Y. , Kato C. , Kato S. , Kawata K. , Kihara W. , Ko Y. , Kojima H. , Mayta R. , Miranda P. , Mitsui H. , Munakata K. , Nakada H. , Nakamura Y. , Nishizawa M. , Ogio S. , Ohnishi M. , Ohura T. , Oshima A. , Raljevich M. , Rivera H. , Saito T. , Sako T. , Sako T. K. , Sengoku Y. , Shibata S. , Shiomi A. , Subieta M. , Tajima N. , Takano W. , Takita M. , Tameda Y. , Tanaka K. , Tsuchiya H. , Tsunesada Y. , Udo S. , Yagisawa K. , Yokoe Y. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The ALPACA experiment is a new international project between Bolivia and Japan. It is going to consist of an 83,000 m2 surface air-shower array and a 5,400 m2 underground water Cherenkov muon detector array, and the experimental site is at Mt. Chacaltaya plateau at an altitude of 4,740 m. Its main target is to observe 100 TeV gamma rays and explore high-energy gamma-ray sources in the southern sky. This is because such high-energy gamma rays hold the key to identify the origin of cosmic rays at the knee region of the energy spectrum. So far many high-energy gamma-ray sources have been found in the southern sky. They are emitting gamma rays of several tens of TeV, so some of them could be PeVatrons which accelerate cosmic rays to PeV energy region in the Galaxy. By observing them in higher energy region, we will obtain new knowledge of cosmic-ray acceleration to the knee region, and discover new gamma-ray sources. As the prototype experiment of ALPACA, the ALPAQUITA experiment is now under construction. In a MC simulation, we found that ALPAQUITA has the ability of detecting bright gamma-ray sources in the southern hemisphere such as Vela X within 1 year.
Cygnus X-3 at very high energies
Authors: Sinitsyna V.G. , Sinitsyna V.Y. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cyg X-3 is a well-known binary system which also belongs to a microquasar-type objects. It is actively studied through the wide range of electromagnetic spectrum including ultrahigh energies. Here, we present the results of more than 20-year-long studies of Cyg X-3 in the range of 800 GeV-100 TeV with the SHALON telescope. The detected TeV γ-ray source was identified with Cyg X-s based on the detection of the γ-ray flux modulation at the orbital period of this binary system of 4.8 hours. Detected modulation of TeV γ-ray emission with orbit together with the high luminosity of the companion star of Cyg X-3 and the close orbit leads to an efficient generation of the part of γ-ray emission in the inverse Compton scattering. The correlation of TeV flux increases with the flaring activity of Cyg X-3 at X-ray and radio ranges is found which could be associated with powerful mass ejections from the central regions around the black hole.
Multi-messenger astronomy with very-high-energy gamma-ray observations
Authors: Hinton Jim , Ruiz-Velasco Edna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
After decades of development, multi-messenger astronomy, the combination of information on cosmic sources from photons, neutrinos, charged particles and gravitational waves, is now an established reality. Within this emerging discipline we argue that very-high-energy gamma-ray observations play a special role. We discuss the recent progress on explosive transients, the connections between neutrino and gamma-ray astronomy, and the search for dark matter. Finally, the experimental prospects for the next decade in the VHE gamma-ray field are summarised.
Extreme Energy Events: an extended multi purpose cosmic ray observatory
Authors: Gnesi I. , Abbrescia M. , Avanzini C. , Baldini L. , Baldini Ferroli R. , Batignani L. G. , Battaglieri M. , Boi S. , Bossini E. , Carnesecchi F. , Cicalo C. , Cifarelli L. , Coccetti F. , Coccia E. , Corvaglia A. , De Gruttola D. , De Pasquale S. , Fabbri L. , Galante L. , Galeotti P. , Garbini M. , Gemme G. , Grazzi S. , Hatzifotiadou D. , La Rocca P. , Liu Z. , Mandaglio G. , Maron G. , Mazziotta M. N. , Mulliri A. , Nania R. , Noferini F. , Nozzoli F. , Palmonari F. , Panareo M. , Panetta M. P. , Paoletti R. , Pellegrino C. , Perasso L. , Pinto C. , Piragino G. , Pisano S. , Riggi F. , Righini G. C. , Ripoli C. , Rizzi M. , Sartorelli G. , Scapparone E. , Schioppa M. , Scribano A. , Selvi M. , Serri G. , Squarcia S. , Taiuti M. , Terreni G. , Trifir A. , Trimarchi M. , Vistoli M. C. , Votano L. , Williams M. C. S. , Zichichi A. , Zuyeuski R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEEE is an extended cosmic ray observatory, covering more than 10 degrees in latitude and longitude. The relative distances between clusters of telescopes reached the 1200 km, allowing the search for rare long distance correlations between cosmic showers. On the other side each EEE telescope is capable of measuring the flux of secondary particles, opening to the study of low energy phenomena such as solar activity and Forbush decreases. An introduction to the observaotry and updates on the main scientific results are presented. Last updates on the searches for rare correlated showers, with a set of long distance correlation candidate events are also reported.