bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey on bacterial contamination of bidet toilets and relation to the interval of scrubbing these units
Authors: Tsunoda Akira , Otsuka Yoshihito , Toguchi Akihiro , Watanabe Kumiko , Nishino Ryou , Takahashi Tomoko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We conducted a survey to investigate the distribution of bacteria recovered from the bidet toilets at a district hospital. The nozzle surface and spray water of 192 bidet toilets were sampled for contamination. Of the 192 toilets sampled, the nozzle surface of 167 (87%) and the spray water of 181 (94%) were found to be contaminated by one or more of the following organisms: Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., non-glucose-fermenting rods, other Gram-negative bacteria, other Gram-positive bacteria, and Candida spp. An extended spectrum of β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli was found in one nozzle surface and one spray water. The frequency of colonization with 104 or more recovered from the nozzle surface was significantly greater in the toilets scrubbed every week than that in the units scrubbed every day, but that from the spray water was not significantly different between the groups. The nozzle surface and the spray water in the bidet toilets were contaminated with a wide range of bacteria. Because the interval of scrubbing the toilets did not have an influence on the contamination of the spray water, self-cleaning mechanisms of spray water should be developed to prevent patients' possible infections.
Recovery of phosphate from aqueous solution by magnetically recycled modified polishing powder composites
Authors: Liu Jianming , Bai Runying , Hao Junfeng , Song Bowen , Zhang Yu , Wang Xingang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study investigated a magnetically recycled modified polishing powder (CMIO@PP) as an adsorbent of phosphate; the CMIO@PP was synthesized by combining the modified La/Ce-containing waste polishing powder with CaO2-modified Fe3O4 (CMIO). Results indicate that the CMIO@PP nanocomposite presents a crystal structure comprising La (OH)3, Ce (OH)3, and Fe3O4, and that CMIO is uniformly dispersed in the modified polishing powder. The CMIO@PP (1:3) is a suitable choice considering its magnetism and adsorption capacity. The magnetic adsorbent exhibits a high adsorption capacity of 53.72 mg/g, a short equilibrium time of 60 min, and superior selectivity for phosphate. Moreover, the adsorbent strongly depends on the pH during the adsorption process and maintains a large adsorption capacity when the pH level is between 2 and 6. The adsorption of phosphate by the CMIO@PP (1:3) accords with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second order model. Meanwhile, adsorption–desorption experiments show that the adsorbent could be recycled a few times and that a high removal efficiency of phosphate from civil wastewater was achieved. Finally, mechanisms show that the adsorption of phosphate by the CMIO@PP (1:3) is mainly caused by electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange.
CD28: A New Drug Target for Immune Disease
Authors: Xia Sijing , Chen Qin , Niu Bing 
Published: November 2019

Background:CD28, a cell surface glycoprotein receptor, predominantly expressed on activated T cells, belongs to the Ig superfamily and provides a critical co-stimulatory signal. CTLA-4 has sequence homology to CD28, and is expressed on T cells after activation. It provides an inhibition signal coordinated with CD28 to regulate T cell activation. Both of them regulate T cell proliferation and differentiation and play an important role in the immune response pathway in vivo.Objective:We studied the special role of different structural sites of CD28 in producing costimulatory signals.Methods:We reviewed the relevant literature, mainly regarding the structure of CD28 to clarify its biological function, and its role in the immune response.Results:In recent years, increasingly attention has been paid to CD28, which is considered as a key therapeutic target for many modern diseases, especially some immune diseases.Conclusion:In this paper, we mainly introduce the structure of CD28 and its related biological functions, as well as the application of costimulatory pathways targeting CD28 in disease treatment.
The Immunomodulatory Role of Vitamin D in Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Pulvirenti Giulio , Parisi Giuseppe Fabio , Manti Sara , Licari Amelia , del Giudice Michele Miraglia , Salpietro Carmelo , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Leonardi Salvatore 
Published: November 2019

:
The growing interest in the new role of vitamin D, particularly as an immunomodulatory
factor, has spurred basic research and the development of clinical trials to better understand the
influence of supplementation on various diseases. Vitamin D is an important nutrient factor in human
health due to its role in calcium metabolism regulation, cellular growth, differentiation and its
fundamental discovered activity in immune functions. It has influenced different diseases,
particularly inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, through immune response regulation,
modulating innate and adaptive immunity.

:
The aim of this review was to explore the role of vitamin D in the main respiratory diseases in
children such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, cystic fibrosis and recurrent respiratory infections.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Heart Failure Patients: A Test of the Cardiac Disease-induced PTSD Hypothesis
Authors: Tully Phillip J. , Cosh Suzanne M. 
Published: November 2019

Background:Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent in approximately 12% of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and such patients are at risk of further CVD morbidity and mortality. It is unknown whether CVD patients with cardiac and non-cardiac traumatic events leading to PTSD differ in medical comorbidities and psychiatric vulnerabilities. Our objective was to compare heart failure (HF) patients with cardiac and non-cardiac PTSD.Method:A population of HF patients from 3 hospitals underwent a two-step depression and anxiety screening process to identify potential mental health treatment needs. The post-traumatic stress disorder module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I disorders was used to classify trauma(s) exposure, and other disorders. The patients with PTSD were sub-divided by cardiac related traumas (e.g. myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac arrest) and non-cardiac related traumas (e.g. sexual abuse, interpersonal violence).Results:10 patients met criteria for non-cardiac trauma and 18 patients met criteria for cardiacinduced trauma. There were no significant differences in HF aetiology or severity nor cardiac comorbidities. Time since PTSD, onset was significantly longer for those with non-cardiac PTSD. Among psychiatric comorbidities, alcohol and substance abuse disorders, as well as depression were more prevalent in patients with non-cardiac PTSD.Conclusion:Cardiac related PTSD was associated with less alcohol and substance abuse disorders, and depression by comparison to their non-cardiac induced PTSD counterparts. Ongoing research is required to establish if cardiac-induced PTSD truly reflects a unique subtype of PTSD, and whether there are different treatment needs and therapeutic approaches for this subtype.
Innovaciones Tecnológicas Para Inclusión Educativa De Estudiantes Sordos
Authors: Zapata Clemencia , Acosta Jairo 
Published: November 2019

En el marco de una “Educación para todos y con todos, inclusiva y diversa”, se realizó el proyecto “Modelo para producción de contenidos digitales educativos para inclusión de sordos”, adscrito al Programa Nacional Arquitectura Pedagógica, didáctica y tecnológica para formación de profesores en y para la diversidad, financiado por COLCIENCIAS 546-2014. El trabajo fue desarrollado en tres niveles de investigación: 1. documental y diagnóstica, 2. descriptiva, 3. de diseño y aplicada, definiendo, a su vez, seis fases metodológicas para el desarrollo e implementación del modelo para la apropiación y uso inclusivo de las TIC en todos los niveles escolares. La producción de contenidos digitales educativos se despliega a partir de la arquitectura definida para el modelo de producción, donde las comunidades de práctica interactúan en las capas estructurales de Gestión de Conocimiento, de Gestión de los Procesos pedagógico, diseño y producción, validación y apropiación y uso, y de, Gestión del Campus Virtual APROPIA-DOS. En el campus se incluyó el modelo conceptual, el formato del diseño instruccional, la normativa vigente, junto con los recursos y herramientas educativas accesibles para sordas, porque se incorporan el intérprete en lengua de señas colombianas, para garantizar aprendizajes en el marco de la inclusión educativa.
Intervención Educativa Apoyada En Tic En Un Proceso De Enseñanza-Aprendizaje Inclusivo
Authors: Román Melendez Gabriel , Gómez Villa Jorge Elías 
Published: November 2019

Las escuelas eficaces son centros educativamente inclusivos, quedando demostrado no solamente en sus rendimientos, sino en su carácter distintivo y en su disposición a ofrecer nuevas oportunidades a aquellos alumnos que puedan haber experimentado dificultades, apoyándolos en el proceso educativo y haciéndole un seguimiento y evaluando constantemente su progreso. El estudio tuvo como objetivo general la definición de una propuesta de intervención educativa en las áreas de matemáticas apoyada en TIC, a partir del análisis del proceso de intervención académica de los estudiantes con dificultades en el aprendizaje y en los aspectos psicosociales, considerando las diferencias individuales de los estudiantes, entre ellas sus estilos y ritmos de aprendizajes, así como sus necesidades específicas que requieren apoyo educativo diferenciado. Para este propósito se utilizó el método descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, evaluando el currículo y el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje apoyado en recursos tecnológicos, en el que intervinieron 2 profesores de matemáticas de tercer grado de básica primaria, cada uno con un grupo de 20 estudiantes.
Los resultados obtenidos indican que el 100% de las instituciones educativas de la muestra representativa requieren ser fortalecidas en los elementos que caracterizan una escuela inclusiva, como son las adaptaciones curriculares, la formación de profesores y los recursos educativos inclusivos, entre otros. Los estudiantes con necesidades específicas que requieren apoyo educativo diferenciado son intervenidos o acompañados por docentes y/o equipo psicosocial (en las instituciones que cuentan con este equipo) en el componente académico a través de refuerzos y en el componente psicológico con charlas, generalmente en compañía de padres de familia o acudiente responsable. La propuesta generada a partir de los resultados del proceso investigativo corresponde a la definición de un proceso de intervención académica desarrollada de manera individual y en forma colectiva mediante el apoyo de recursos educativos tecnológicos que le dan el carácter inclusivo al proceso educativo, permitiendo que todos los estudiantes dentro de un aula regular de clases aprendan de forma significativa. En la validación del modelo de intervención educativa apoyada en TIC se obtuvo como resultados que el 80% de los estudiantes obtuvieron las competencias relacionados con la temática abordada en la prueba en un primer momento y el 20% restante con un acompañamiento de ejercicios didácticos adicionales en un segundo momento pudo alcanzar las competencias requeridas.
Estilos de aprendizaje y minería de datos: un estudio preliminar en el contexto universitario
Authors: Vergara Cruz , Oviedo Ana , Vélez Saldarriaga Gloria Liliana , Amón Iván , Carmona-Rodríguez Claudia 
Published: November 2019

Este articulo presenta hallazgos preliminares de la investigación en curso sobre estilos de aprendizaje y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de ingeniería de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; para ello se ha hecho uso de la minería de datos como técnica para el ordenamiento y análisis de datos. La investigación se articula a la apuesta de la Universidad por prevenir la deserción estudiantil y mejorar las practicas pedagógicas de los docentes universitarios, teniendo como marco de referencia la apuesta del Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN-Colombia) de fortalecer las ciudades inteligentes.
En la aproximación teórica inicial, se identificó como instrumento principal para evaluar estilos de aprendizaje el cuestionario (CHAEA) de Honey y Alonso, con este cuestionario se inicia la recopilación de datos que posteriormente serán analizados con ayuda de diferentes algoritmos aplicados en analítica de datos.
Esta fase inicial de la investigación permitió evidenciar que la Minería de datos ha sido usada con frecuencia en estudios relacionados con rendimiento académico y deserción universitaria, en especial la técnica de árbol de problemas; no obstante, resulta de interés resaltar que aunque hay estudios sobre estilos de aprendizaje y minería de datos, no se encuentran estudios que ofrezcan a los docentes estrategias pedagógicas para mejorar su práctica en el aula, en su mayoría los estudios se quedan en una fase descriptiva.
Google Searches and Suicide Rates in Spain, 2004-2013: Correlation Study
Authors: Jimenez Alberto , Santed-Germán Miguel-Angel , Ramos Victoria 
Published: November 2019

Background
Different studies have suggested that web search data are useful in forecasting several phenomena from the field of economics to epidemiology or health issues.

Objective
This study aimed to (1) evaluate the correlation between suicide rates released by the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) and internet search trends in Spain reported by Google Trends (GT) for 57 suicide-related terms representing major known risks of suicide and an analysis of these results using a linear regression model and (2) study the differential association between male and female suicide rates published by the INE and internet searches of these 57 terms.

Methods
The study period was from 2004 to 2013. In this study, suicide data were collected from (1) Spain’s INE and (2) local internet search data from GT, both from January 2004 to December 2013. We investigated and validated 57 suicide-related terms already tested in scientific studies before 2015 that would be the best predictors of new suicide cases. We then evaluated the nowcasting effects of a GT search through a cross-correlation analysis and by linear regression of the suicide incidence data with the GT data.

Results
Suicide rates in Spain in the study period were positively associated (r<-0.2) for the general population with the search volume for 7 terms and negatively for 1 from the 57 terms used in previous studies. Suicide rates for men were found to be significantly different than those of women. The search term, “allergy,” demonstrated a lead effect for new suicide cases (r=0.513; P=.001). The next significant correlating terms for those 57 studied were “antidepressant,” “alcohol abstinence,” “relationship breakup” (r=0.295, P=.001; r=0.295, P=.001; and r=0.268, P=.002, respectively). Significantly different results were obtained for men and women. Search terms that correlate with suicide rates of women are consistent with previous studies, showing that the incidence of depression is higher in women than in men, and showing different gender searching patterns.

Conclusions
A better understanding of internet search behavior of both men and women in relation to suicide and related topics may help design effective suicide prevention programs based on information provided by search robots and other big data sources.
SALIVARY GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION IN TYPE-II DIABETIC PEOPLE: A CASE–CONTROL STUDY
Authors: NIRMALA A  , MAZHER SULTANA  , SHARON NS  
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study was to find a non-invasive method of sample collection that can be used to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods: In this study, saliva as a diagnostic fluid was collected noninvasively from subjects with modest training and this offers a cost-effective method for screening diabetes. To evaluate the association of blood glucose level with salivary glucose in Type-II diabetic (Type-II D) patients, a case– control study was conducted on 200 test and 200 healthy control people in selected study village in Kanchipuram (District). The glucose level was measured in saliva and blood plasma by glucose oxidase and peroxidase method.
Results: A highly significant positive correlation between fasting salivary glucose (69.377±14.329 mg/dl) and plasma glucose (249.935±64.65 mg/dl) in diabetic patients and in control group, plasma glucose level 117.545±10.595 and saliva glucose level 49.271±13.795 mg/dl was observed.
Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that fasting salivary glucose level can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic, as well as monitoring tool to assess the glycemic status of Type-II DM patients.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IN SITU MUCOADHESIVE THERMOREVERSIBLE NASAL GEL OF SERTRALINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: DIKSHA SHARMA  , SHAWETA AGARAWAL  
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to aiming to formulate and evaluate temperature based in situ nasal gel of sertraline HCL.
Materials and Methods: Preformulation studies of sertraline hydrochloride including tests for identification, solubility studies, Fourier-transformer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, melting point determination, and other studies were carried out and compared with the specification as per literature. The solubility of sertraline hydrochloride was determined in different solvents such as in distilled water, ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and 2-propanol. Each value for solubility was determined in triplicate and average values were reported. The drug excipient compatibility study was determined by FTIR. Thermal analysis was performed using a differential scanning calorimetric equipped with a computerized data station. The UV spectrum of sertraline hydrochloride was obtained using UV JascV630. The in situ gel formulation was prepared by changing the concentration and using only one polymer (Carbopol 934) has been used at the same concentration. Mucoadhesive strength and in vitro permeation study were determined using gout nasal mucosal membrane, whereas in vitro drug release study was carried out using diffusion cell through egg membrane as a biological membrane. The stability studies were conducted according to ICH guidelines.
Results: The FTIR studies of formulation show no interaction between drug and excipient. In situ gel was prepared using Carbopol 934 and Poloxamer 407 to improve its adhesion property. The optimized formulation (F6) was transparent and clear in appearance with 101.15% drug content. The sol-gel transformation of in situ gel was found at temperature 34.92°C with immediate gelation property. The in vitro drug release of optimized formulation was found 95.80% drug release in 8 h. Formulations F4 and F6 showed immediate gelation within 60 s and remained stable for an extended period. All the formulations were liquid at room temperature and underwent rapid gelation on contact with simulated nasal fluid.
Conclusion: The results concluded that the formulations of in situ nasal gel showing to improve the bioavailability through its longer residence time and ability to sustain drug release.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC AND CYTOTOXICITY POTENTIALS OF THE RHIZOME EXTRACT OF DRYNARIA QUERCIFOLIA (L.) J. SMITH
Authors: PRASANNA G  , DEVI R  , ISHWARYA G  
Published: November 2019

Objective: In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic and cytotoxic potentials of the rhizome extract of Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith.
Methods: In vitro antidiabetic activity was determined by two different assays such as alpha-amylase inhibition assay and glucose uptake assay. The plant extract with three different concentrations was used for this assay. L6 rat myogenic cells were selected and subjected to glucose uptake assay. The cytotoxic activity of the different concentrations of the plant extract on HepG2 cell line was also investigated in vitro through 3-(4,5, dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Results: The findings of the study provide evidence that the rhizome extract of D. quercifolia possesses significant anti-diabetic activity. In MTT assay, the significant cytotoxic effect of plant extract was observed by measuring the percentage of cell viability on the HepG2 cell line.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that rhizome extracts of D. quercifolia have potential as a medicinal drug against diabetes mellitus (DM) and liver cancer. Further, studies with in vivo and clinical trials need to be conducted to establish rhizome extract as a safe agent for DM and liver cancer therapy.
A STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL UTILIZATION PATTERN IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: JAHNAVI SIMHADRI  , KOMAL KULKARNI  , ASISH SV  , SAPNA K DONGRE  , NEETHU S GEORGE  , DEVIPRASAD HEGDE  
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The objective of the study was to analyze the utilization pattern of antibacterials in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional, prospective, observational study was conducted on patients admitted in inpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital for 6 months.
Results: In the study, 152 prescriptions being assessed contained 17.2% antibacterials. The most commonly prescribed drug class among antibacterials was β-lactams (50%). Ceftriaxone and amikacin (10.58%) were the highly prescribed antimicrobials. Maximum number of antibacterials were prescribed as monotherapy and given as parenteral dosage forms. Among the fixed-dose drug combinations, the most commonly used combination was Cefoperazone + Sulbactam (10.58%).
Conclusion: This study highlighted an overall pattern of antibiotic prescription in a tertiary care hospital. The most common infection for which the antimicrobials were prescribed was lower respiratory tract infection. Physicians preferred initiating prophylactic treatment than waiting for culture sensitivity test results. The most common antimicrobials prescribed were ceftriaxone and amikacin. Maximum number of prescriptions contained only one antimicrobial which is a favorable observation. Majority of prescriptions contained brand name which needs to be changed by an intervention.