bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of risk factors of stage IV gastric cancer from the SEER database
Authors: Ge X-Y , Ge F , Wang Z , Wang YL , Lei LW , Liu QR , Sun XY , Jiang X 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world. By the time the patients are diagnosed with stage IV gastric cancer, many patients already have distant metastases. There is no unified systemic treatment plan in existence. The use of gastrectomy is ambiguous in patients with stage IV gastric cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial outcome of gastrectomy in patients with stage IV gastric cancer. Methods Clinical information of patients with gastric cancer from 2000 to 2010 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were extracted and analysed. The risk factors for stage IV gastric cancer were also analysed. Results We observed that the median survival time for patients after surgery was greater than that for patients not treated surgically. The five-year survival rate for chemotherapy patients was higher than that of non-chemotherapeutic patients. Patients who receive both chemotherapy and surgery could achieve a more significant survival benefit. The risks following gastrectomy (partial, subtotal, hemi-) were lower than those of other surgical procedures, which provided guidance on the choice of surgical method. The numbers of regional lymph node metastasis were found to be related to prognosis. Conclusions In patients with stage IV gastric cancer, gastrectomy (partial, subtotal or hemi) should be selected when surgery is necessary. The number of regional lymph node metastasis could be considered as a prognostic factor for patients with stage IV gastric cancer and lymph node dissection could reduce the risk of patients undergoing surgery.
Recurrent acromioclavicular joint dislocation with an associated coracoid fracture following acromioclavicular joint reconstruction
Authors: Karia M , Al-Hadithy N , Tytherleigh-Strong G 
Published: April 2020

Acromioclavicular joint injuries are common and account for up to 12% of all shoulder girdle injuries and have been reported as being as high as 50% in sports-related shoulder injuries. While the majority of acromioclavicular joint dislocations can be treated non-operatively, there are certain injury configurations, which can include high-grade dislocations in overhead athletes, where surgery may be indicated. The surgical management of acromioclavicular joint instability has moved towards recreating the action of the coracoclavicular ligaments by resuspending the clavicle on to the coracoid. Multiple techniques using high-strength sutures, synthetic ligaments, tendon allografts or autografts passed either around or through the coracoid process have been described. However, an unusual, but significant, complication associated with these techniques is an iatrogenic fracture of the coracoid process. We report the case of a patient with an iatrogenic coracoid fracture following two failed acromioclavicular joint resuspensory reconstructions using a synthetic ligament. This injury was successfully treated with an autologous hamstring graft reconstruction, initially protected with a hook plate.
The Graphic Design Process: How to Be Successful in Design School, Anitra Nottingham and Jeremy Stout (2019)
Authors: Ball Nigel 
Published: April 2020

Review of: The Graphic Design Process: How to Be Successful in Design School, Anitra Nottingham and Jeremy Stout (2019)
London: Bloomsbury, 200 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-35005-078-5, p/bk, £19.99
Methods for Combating Unfair Competition in the Intellectual Property Market in Russia and Abroad
Authors: BYKOVA Olga Nicolaevna , GARNOV Andrey Petrovich , MILONOVA Marina Valentinovna , TROKHOVA Ekaterina Vladimirovna , PROGUNOVA Lada Victorovna , PRIKLADOVA Anastasiya Aleksandrovna , IVANOV Oleg Sergeevich 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: to reveal the characteristics of unfair competition in the intellectual property market in the Russian Federation and abroad and propose measures to combat such competition.
Main results: Recommendations are presented for improving the methods for combating unfair competition in the intellectual property market. The authors propose methods which can be implemented by means of copyright protection both in the market as a whole and on the Internet, by combating trademark and service mark infringers. Besides, in order to curb unfair competition in the market, possible methods are proposed for changing the registration of domain names that allow protecting rights on the Internet.
Main conclusions: In practice, there is a problem when declaring goods that contain intellectual property items). There is no registry making it possible to search for content, and search using graphic images is also difficult. In order to reduce unfair competition, it is proposed to improve the filling procedure by adding a column indicating the international registry, as well as to create a separate registry with a verbal description of images to facilitate the search. In accordance with this system, it is necessary to improve it regarding errors that are often made when filling out forms. At present, a single mistake can become a reason why the item is not selected. Solving these problems can increase control and effectiveness in terms of intellectual property protection. In most countries, unfair competition is prohibited at the legislative level. However, with the development of economic relations, the methods of unfair competition are continuously improving and becoming more and more subtle and sophisticated.
Age-Related Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Associated with Mossy Fiber Terminal Integration during Adult Neurogenesis
Authors: Murray Karl D. , Liu Xiao-Bo , King Anna N. , Luu Julie D. , Cheng Hwai-Jong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMouse hippocampus retains the capacity for neurogenesis throughout lifetime, but such plasticity decreases with age. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) involves the birth, maturation, and synaptic integration of newborn granule cells (GCs) into preexisting hippocampal circuitry. While functional integration onto adult-born GCs has been extensively studied, maturation of efferent projections onto CA3 pyramidal cells is less understood, particularly in aged brain. Here, using combined light and reconstructive electron microscopy (EM), we describe the maturation of mossy fiber bouton (MFB) connectivity with CA3 pyramidal cells in young adult and aged mouse brain. We found mature synaptic contacts of newborn GCs were formed in both young and aged brains. However, the dynamics of their spatiotemporal development and the cellular process by which these cells functionally integrated over time were different. In young brain newborn GCs either formed independent nascent MFB synaptic contacts or replaced preexisting MFBs, but these contacts were pruned over time to a mature state. In aged brain only replacement of preexisting MFBs was observed and new contacts were without evidence of pruning. These data illustrate that functional synaptic integration of AHN occurs in young adult and aged brain, but with distinct dynamics. They suggest elimination of preexisting connectivity is required for the integration of adult-born GCs in aged brain.
Stromal deactivation by CSF1: a new feature of the aggressive pancreatic cancer microenvironment
Authors: Vera Renzo E , Fernandez‐Zapico Martin E 
Published: April 2020

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with one of the poorest prognosis among all malignancies. The initiation and evolution of this kind of tumor depends on a complex interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). In an elegant study, Steins et al [1] used a combination of relevant disease models to show that mesenchymal subtype of PDAC shows a distinct deactivation of stellate cells in a CSF1‐dependent fashion. This study shedding light on a new role for the stroma driving an aggressive PDAC subtypes shifts the current paradigm for the requirement of an activated TME to regulate PDAC growth and maintenance.
Population Connectivity Predicts Vulnerability to White-Nose Syndrome in the Chilean Myotis (Myotis chiloensis) - A Genomics Approach
Authors: Lilley Thomas M , Sävilammi Tiina , Ossa Gonzalo , Blomberg Anna S , Vasemägi Anti , Yung Veronica , Vendrami David L J , Johnson Joseph S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Despite its peculiar distribution, the biology of the southernmost bat species in the world, the Chilean myotis (Myotis chiloensis), has garnered little attention so far. The species has a north-south distribution of c. 2800 km, mostly on the eastern side of the Andes mountain range. Use of extended torpor occurs in the southernmost portion of the range, putting the species at risk of bat white-nose syndrome, a fungal disease responsible for massive population declines in North American bats. Here, we examined how geographic distance and topology would be reflected in the population structure of M. chiloensis along the majority of its range using a double digestion RAD-seq method. We sampled 66 individuals across the species range and discovered pronounced isolation-by-distance. Furthermore, and surprisingly, we found higher degrees of heterozygosity in the southernmost populations compared to the north. A coalescence analysis revealed that our populations may still not have reached secondary contact after the Last Glacial Maximum. As for the potential spread of pathogens, such as the fungus causing WNS, connectivity among populations was noticeably low, especially between the southern hibernatory populations in the Magallanes and Tierra del Fuego, and more northerly populations. This suggests the probability of geographic spread of the disease from the north through bat-to-bat contact to susceptible populations is low. The study presents a rare case of defined population structure in a bat species and warrants further research on the underlying factors contributing to this. See the graphical abstract here. https://doi.org/10.25387/g3.12173385
Study of stability analysis of power system with increasing wind power
Authors: Abdulhamid Mohanad , Benard Koech 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe use of energy in the world today is increasing with increase in population. The cost and availability of energy significantly impacts our quality of life, the health of national economies and the stability of our environment. The rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources on a worldwide basis has necessitated an urgent search for alternative energy sources to cater to the present day demands. In recent years there has been a significant global commitment to develop clean and alternative sources of energy such as solar and wind. Wind energy technology has been the fastest growing energy source because it is fairly distributed around the world and readily available for use. However, more penetration of wind energy into existing power networks has some impacts on the stability of the power system. Therefore, this paper studies and analyzes the stability of a power system with increasing wind penetration. The paper presents some analyses of a power system and the dynamic behavior which identify the issues that limit the large-scale integration of wind generators in a power system.
An ontology for sharing and managing information in disaster response: An illustrative case study of flood evacuation
Authors: Khantong Sommai , Sharif Mohammad Nazir Ahmad , Mahmood Ahmad Kamil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInformation management and sharing is an essential ingredient, but a difficult and challenging problem for disaster response management. This paper proposes an ontology as a model to organize and structure information in order to improve the information management and sharing in disaster response management. The ontology was designed and developed based on philosophically grounded foundational ontologies. It was also implemented in ontological languages and demonstrated and evaluated in a case study of the flood evacuation process. This paper also provides a systematic approach to develop a well-founded domain ontology that addresses both static and dynamic aspects of a given domain.
Modeling and simulation of FPGA-based redundant digital systems
Authors: Szász Csaba 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReliability is one of the most important criteria that characterize last generation digital systems. In a wide range of applications the required reliability level is achieved by using hardware redundant configurations. Perhaps their most common form is the triple modular redundancy (TMR) based on a majority voting structure. Researchers that use this strategy make a major assumption: in fault-free operation mode the outputs of these digital systems match in all. This paper proves that synchronization and matching in all the outputs of such systems is not such a trivial problem. In this endeavor FPGA-based (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) redundant topologies are considered for study and experiments. Upon these structures specially conceived redundant models have been developed and simulated. The results outline that synchronization of complex digital systems is a difficult engineering undertaking and any initial assumption should be managed with the adequate circumspection.
Therapeutic approaches for pusher syndrome after a stroke: a literature review
Authors: Thanaya Sayu Aryantari Putri , Mardhika Putu Eka 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Pusher syndrome is a disorder that is clinically present in 5-52% of stroke patients, characterized by active pushing using the non-paretic side towards the paretic side, and resistance to the passive correction of posture. This disorder can pose an unfavorable effect on the rehabilitation of stroke patients. Hence, finding effective therapeutic approaches for pusher syndrome is crucial. This study aimed to identify the existing therapeutic approaches for pusher syndrome and investigate their effectiveness.Methods: A literature review was carried out, where studies were identified through searching the PubMed database from database inception to 2019 using the keywords: â€œpusher syndromeâ€, â€œpusher behaviourâ€, â€œcontraversive pushingâ€, â€œipsilateral pushingâ€, â€œlateropulsionâ€, â€œphysiotherapyâ€, â€œphysical therapyâ€, â€œtreatmentâ€, â€œtherapeutic approachâ€, â€œtherapyâ€ and â€œtrainingâ€. Â The literatures were analyzed systematically based on the results of previous studies.Results: Several approaches were identified for treating pusher syndrome post-stroke, including robot-assisted gait training (RAGT), galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), visual feedback (VF), and physiotherapy with additional components such as relaxation therapy in the prone position and lateral stepping with body weightâ€“supported treadmill training (LS-BWSTT). RAGT and VF training appear to be promising adjunctive approaches for treating pusher syndrome. Conventional physiotherapy with additional components such as relaxation therapy and LS-BWSTT have also led to positive effects. However, the effect of GVS has not been established.Conclusion: There is evidence that some therapeutic approaches can be beneficial for improving pusher syndrome and outcomes of stroke patients, in particular when combined with conventional physiotherapy. However, the number of studies is still very limited. Further research with methodological rigor is needed.
Profil hasil pemeriksaan CT-Scan pada pasien tumor paru di Bagian Radiologi RSUD Dr. Zainoel Abidin periode Juli 2018-Oktober 2018
Authors: Iqbalawaty Indrita , Machillah Nurul , Farjriah Farjriah , Abdullah Asnawi , Yani Muhammad , Ilzana Teuku Muhammad , Rahmi Cut Rizka , Khaled Teuku Muhammad 
Published: April 2020

Latar Belakang: Tumor paru masih menjadi penyebab utama keganasan di dunia. Tumor paru merupakan pertumbuhan abnormal benjolan pada jaringan paru yang dapat bersifat jinak ataupun ganas. CT scan merupakan salah satu modalitas yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dan mendiagnosis kecurigaan tumor paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran profil hasil pemeriksaan CT scan pasien tumor paru.Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi deskriptif retrospektif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Bagian Radiologi RSUD Dr. Zainoel Abidin periode Juli 2018 â€“ Oktober 2018. Data diperoleh dari hasil ekspertisi CT scan toraks dan kuisioner karakteristik responden. Didapatkan 66 kasus tumor paru yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.Hasil: Berdasarkan diagnosis radiologis, ditemukan 66 kasus tumor paru, dimana sebagian besar pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki (63,6%); dengan kelompok usia terbanyak pada usia 60-69 tahun (37,9%); merokok aktif meningkatkan faktor risiko pada tumor paru; pasien memiliki gejala klinis awal terbanyak nyeri dada dan sudah dalam stadium lanjut; lokasi tumor terbanyak adalah paru kanan; dan tulang merupakan lokasi metastasis terbanyak ditemukan pada kasus tumor paru penelitian ini.Simpulan: Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan umpan balik positif bagi manajemen tumor paru dan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar acuan untuk penelitian selanjutnya.Â Background: Lung tumor is still being the most common tumors in the world. Lung tumor is defined as the abnormal growth of lumps in lung tissue that might be benign or malignant. CT scan is one of the most appropriate modality to diagnose the supposition of lung tumors and evaluating the tumor itself. The purpose of this study is to identify the CT scan images of patients with a lung tumor.Method: The study was conducted by a retrospective descriptive design. In this study, sampling was performed at Radiology Department, Zinoel Abidin General Hospital, from July 2018 to October 2018. Data were obtained from the thorax CT scan examination request forms and questionnaire of respondent characteristics. There were 66 cases of lung tumors that met theÂ inclusion criteria.Results: There were 66 cases (53.2%) of lung tumors based on the radiological diagnosis. Most of the cases were males (63.6%); the largest age group consisted of patients aged 60-69 (37.9%); active smoking was the most important risk factor of lung tumor; patients mostly came with chest pain as an early symptom and at the final stage of lung tumor; the most common site of lung tumor was right lung; bone was the most common site of metastatic site.Conclusion: This study can provide positive feedbacks in the whole management of lung tumor, and can be used as a basis for further research.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of docosahexaenoic acid on carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats
Authors: Singhal Tulika , Chansoria Arvind , Kothari Saroj 
Published: April 2020

Background: Inflammation is a tissue reaction to infection, irritation of foreign substance. It is a part of the host defence mechanism but if in excess it becomes harmful. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is omega-3-derivative of alpha-linolenic acid. This study was conducted to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of DHA and its comparison with standard drug diclofenac.Methods: The study was carried out by using inflammatory models in male albino rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals of each. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied with carrageenan induced rat paw edema. The anti-inflammatory activity of DHA was compared with standard drug diclofenac. The study parameters for acute inflammation was assessment of reduction in inflammation and the percentage inhibition of the paw edema.Results: DHA 200 mg/kg, DHA 300 mg/kg, and diclofenac 10 mg/kg showed 58%, 64%, and 67% reduction in paw volume, respectively. The DHA showed significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity in both dosages as compared to control and was dose dependent.Conclusions: DHA produced dose dependent anti-inflammatory activity which suggest its probable use in the treatment of inflammation.
Impact of internet on doctor-patient relationship
Authors: Banginwar Sandesh , Amruta Dashputra , A. S. Borker , Jaideep Nayse , R. T. Badwaik 
Published: April 2020

Background: Widespread use of internet as a source of health information has an effect on health-related knowledge, attitude and practices of general population as well as doctor-patient relationship. This study has been planned to see perception of doctors about patients who take medical information by internet search. The objective of the study was to assess impact of internet on doctor-patient relationship among doctors of tertiary health care centre. Methods: After ethical approval a questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted among teachers of a tertiary care hospital. Questionnaire was categorized in the two groups: i) negative impact of internet (14), ii) positive impact of internet (11), total= 25 statements, rated on Likert scale. Medical teachers who are involved in treating patients were included (n=54). Data was analysed using mean score and standard deviation for each item.Results: Most of the doctors opined that use of internet as a source of information has affected doctor-patient relationship (mean 4.35 SD 0.48) and that they were now questioned by already well-informed patients (4.76 SD 0.43). Google search by patients may results in misguided self-treatment or wrong diagnosis (mean 4.85 SD 0.36). Conclusions: Doctors were agreed that patients are still having same faith on doctors in spite of doing google search on medical information.
Pilot testing of sticker tool method for monitoring DOTS providers under revised national tuberculosis control program in Khammam: operational research
Authors: Veerapu Nagapraveen , Bear Ravi Kumar Philip , Varikuti Subbarao , Kurada Jayakrishna 
Published: April 2020

Background: Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death. In 2016, 10.4 million people were affected with TB and accounted for 1.7 million deaths. India ranks the first among the seven leading countries that account for 64% of the total burden of TB. To fill the gaps in adherence to therapy and to make the TB Control programs successful, evidence based supplementary low cost effective monitoring tools and techniques are needed. The aims were to determine whether the new sticker tool method acts as supplementary to direct observation component of ‘Directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS) strategy’ used for monitoring adherence to anti-tuberculosis therapy among newly diagnosed sputum positive TB patients; and to compare Sputum smear conversion rate between the intervention group and control group at the end of Intensive phase (IP).Methods: A pragmatic cluster randomized control trial was conducted for a period of 9 months from April 2018 to December 2018 in Rural Khammam district. Data was represented in frequencies and percentages and Means.Results: The delay in sending SMS decreased after field visit (1st week of therapy) but delay again increased as the days passed. The study measured indirectly measured the adherence to the therapy by sputum conversion rate (83.3%). It was noticed that 45.5% stickers did not tally with the date of consumption of TB medications or with the date of sticking on the sticker chart. Conclusions: The study shows self administration is also a good option. There may be other factors that play an important role in adherence to anti tuberculosis treatment (ATT).
Migracje a zmiana celowa
Authors: Romaniszyn Krystyna 
Published: April 2020

Przedmiotem analizy podjętej w artykule jest kwestia zmiany celowej jako rezultatu wprowadzania w życie ustaleń Globalnego Paktu dla Migracji (The Global Compact for Safe Orderly and Regular Migration), powstałego pod auspicjami ONZ i sygnowanego przez liczne kraje świata w grudniu 2018 r. w Maroku. Wychodząc od ogólnego omówienia związku między migracjami i zmianą, przechodzę do omówienia procesów formujących współczesnych ludzi tak, iż stają się oni przygotowani do stałej mobilności. W rezultacie powstaje „człowiek mobilny”, jak go nazywam, odpowiadający zapotrzebowaniu na mobilną siłą roboczą, jako wymogu powstałej gospodarki światowej.