bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological stabilization and regression of carotid plaque following therapy with evolocumab in a high‐risk patient
Authors: Aranzulla Tiziana Claudia , Musumeci Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLipid‐lowering therapy is a mainstay for the management of coronary and carotid disease. Actually, progression of atherosclerosis and adverse events are reduced in proportion to the achieved levels of LDL cholesterol (LDL‐C). A 67‐year‐old patient underwent two hospitalizations 6 months apart due to acute coronary syndromes. In the first, PCI with drug‐eluting stents (DES) was performed to treat ulcerated stenoses in the left anterior descending artery. In the second, lipid‐rich critical disease was found on the right coronary artery and treated with PCI + DES. Later, carotid duplex ultra‐sonography (DU) was done due to some episodes of dizziness. It showed an 80% critical stenosis (peak systolic velocity, PSV 239 cm/s) of the left internal carotid artery (LICA) with high‐risk features (hypoechogenic and irregular plaque with “fluffy” components). In consideration of the plaque morphology and the unmet LDL‐C targets, evolocumab was added to the ongoing statin therapy. In the following months, we observed a parallel trend between carotid plaque regression and LDL‐C lowering. Initial plaque remodeling was seen after 5 months: the atheroma appeared fibrotic, with no more fluffy components. At 10 months, in conjunction with the achievement of LDL‐C goal (23 mg/dl), a fibrocalcific atheroma was observed; PSV, after an initial rise, fell to 229 cm/s. No further cardiovascular event occurred at 46 months. Last DUS showed a 60% fibrocalcific mid LICA stenosis with PSV of 180 cm/s. Our experience highlights the important role of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in promoting remodeling and hopefully regression of atherosclerotic plaques.
CheKiPEUQ Intro 2: Harnessing Uncertainties from Data Sets, Bayesian Design of Experiments in Chemical Kinetics**
Authors: Walker Eric A. , Ravisankar Kishore , Savara Aditya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhen choosing experimental conditions, Bayesian statistical tools can predict the experimental choices which will yield the highest information gain. Experimental choices could be temperature, pressure, reaction time, number of measurements, reactor volume, etc.. Three example analyses are presented here, each using the software Chemical Kinetics Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Quantification (CheKiPEUQ). Information gain is a measure of reduction of uncertainty in a model's parameters. The three chemical system examples presented each illustrate Bayesian Design of Experiments using information gain. In the first chemical example, temperature selection impacts the information gain for the free energy of reaction in a two‐component equilibrium reaction. In the second example, temperature and pressure are explored for a competitive adsorption Langmuir replacement reaction system. The third example is a catalytic membrane reactor which is a culmination of the previous examples. The catalytic membrane reactor has a complex and nonlinear response in the observables which is solved by numerical evaluation. In the three examples, the experimental conditions are treated as design variables for maximizing information gain.
Restructuring of Nanoporous Gold Surfaces During Electrochemical Cycling in Acidic and Alkaline Media
Authors: Silva Olaya Alex Ricardo , Zandersons Birthe , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of nanoporous gold (NPG) obtained by dealloying a AgAu alloy has been investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M KOH solutions supplemented by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to understand different effects of the electrochemical treatment on the development of the surface structure of NPG. In order to reduce the IR drop caused by the high surface area of the bicontinuous network of pores and ligaments in NPG, NPG was transformed to a powder, from which a small portion was filled into a cavity microelectrode (CME). Additionally, this avoided sample‐to‐sample variation from the dealloying process because many fillings could be made from one NPG monolith. The cycling in 0.1 M H2SO4 led to restructuring of the surface to a more faceted one, only after the residual silver on the surface had been removed in the initial scan. The same cycling program in 0.1 M KOH did not cause restructuring. However, a transfer of the sample to 0.1 M H2SO4 could start the process. The ligament size did not change during restructuring. Additionally, it was found that residual Ag in NPG stabilizes the highly curved surfaces of the ligaments containing a high density of surface defects. The dissolution of the residual Ag in acid electrolytes lifts the blockage towards surface restructuring. These findings form a basis for understanding the electrochemical behavior of NPG and to devise appropriate treatments, for instance for their use in electrocatalysis.
Availability of Hydrogen Shapes the Microbial Abundance in Biofilm Anodes based on Geobacter Enrichment
Authors: Korth Benjamin , Kuchenbuch Anne , Harnisch Falk 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Dr. Falk Harnisch at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (Germany). The cover picture displays a biofilm anode obtained by electrochemically driven enrichment in a one‐chamber reactor that is dominated by Geobacter but also colonized by methanogens that cross feed from cathodic hydrogen. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202000731.
A “Polymer Template” Strategy for Carbonized Polymer Dots with Controllable Properties
Authors: Huo Zhiming , Xia Ling , Li Gongke , Xiao Xiaohua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLimited avenues are available for property control of carbonized polymer dots (PDs) owing to the unsatisfactory understanding of PDs“ formation. Herein, a de novo ”polymer template“ strategy is presented for PDs with customizable functional surface groups (FSG), size, and underlying fluorescence, with a detailed mechanism. The strategy relies on novel di‐active site polymers (DASPs) prepared from alkenyl azides via [3+2] cycloaddition and guanidino hydrolysis. Benefiting from these specific reactions, the DASPs were convenient for mass production and stable for storage, and could be transformed to PDs upon addition of nucleophilic agents through nucleophilic addition and substitution at 70 °C. By regulating the types of alkenyl azides, nucleophilic agents, and reaction conditions, the as‐prepare PDs could be tailored with controlled types of core, FSG, and particle size, as well as fluorescence properties of quantum yield from 8.2–55.6 %, and emission maximum from 380–500 nm. These specialties make this ”polymer template“ strategy a promising start for building PDs‐based sensor platforms. Moreover, the strategy could further our understanding towards PDs’ formation, and open up a new way to customize PDs for specific needs in the fields of analysis, catalysis, images, etc.
The HüGaProp‐Container: Analytical Infrastructure for the Carbon2Chem® Challenge
Authors: Salazar Gómez Jorge Iván , Klucken Christian , Sojka Martha , von der Waydbrink Gudrun , Schlögl Robert , Ruland Holger 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe utilization of industrial off‐gases as raw material requires a detailed knowledge on their time‐depending composition, especially with regard to trace components. Within the framework of the HüGaProp project (Hüttengas Properties) a measuring container and the analytical methods for the characterization of trace components in the three raw metallurgical gases was developed. The mobile container is deployed in the project Carbon2Chem® to characterize the available off‐gases at a steel mill and provide fundamental data to determine the required gas cleaning as well as the background for the further process design.
Cyclic Octamer of Hydroxyl‐functionalized Cations with Net Charge Q=+8e Kinetically Stabilized by a ‘Molecular Island’ of Cooperative Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Philipp Jule Kristin , Fritsch Sebastian , Ludwig Ralf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCyclic octamers are well‐known structural motifs in chemistry, biology and physics. These include covalently bound cyclic octameric sulphur, cylic octa‐alkanes, cyclo‐octameric peptides as well as hydrogen‐bonded ring clusters of alcohols. In this work, we show that even calculated cyclic octamers of hydroxy‐functionalized pyridinium cations with a net charge Q=+8e are kinetically stable. Eight positively charged cations are kept together by hydrogen bonding despite the strong Coulomb repulsive forces. Sufficiently long hydroxy‐octyl chains prevent “Coulomb explosion” by increasing the distance between the positive charges at the pyridinium rings, reducing the Coulomb repulsion and thus strengthen hydrogen bonds between the OH groups. The eightfold positively charged cyclic octamer shows spectroscopic properties similar to those obtained for hydrogen‐bonded neutral cyclic octamers of methanol. Thus, the area of the hydrogen bonded OH ring represents a ‘molecular island’ within an overall cationic environment. Although not observable, the spectroscopic properties and the correlated NBO parameters of the calculated cationic octamer support the detection of smaller cationic clusters in ionic liquids, which we observed despite the competition with ion pairs wherein attractive Coulomb forces enhance hydrogen bonding between cation and anion.
Bromination Mechanism of closo‐1,2‐C2B10H12 and the Structure of the Resulting 9‐Br‐closo‐1,2‐C2B10H11 Determined by Gas Electron Diffraction
Authors: Holub Josef , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Fanfrlík Jindřich , Mitzel Norbert W. , Tikhonov Denis , Schwabedissen Jan , McKee Michael L. , Hnyk Drahomír 
Published: August 2020

Abstract9‐Br‐closo‐1,2‐C2B10H11 has been prepared and its gas‐phase structure has been examined by means of gas electron diffraction. The structure of the carbaborane core is similar to the structure of the parent compound, which is of C2v symmetry. A DFT‐based search for the corresponding reaction pathway of the bromination of closo‐1,2‐C2B10H12 revealed that the catalytic amount of aluminum reduces the barrier of the initial attack of the bromination agent toward the negatively charged part of the icosahedral carbaborane, i. e., the first transition state, from about 40 to about 27 kcalmol‐1. The Br−Br bond is weakened by an intermediate binding to the large π‐hole on the aluminum atom of AlBr3, which is the driving force for the AlBr3‐catalyzed bromination.
The importance of corporate social responsibility in achieving high corporate reputation
Authors: Sánchez‐Torné Isadora , Morán‐Álvarez Juan Carlos , Pérez‐López José A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIncreased global competitiveness has forced corporations to improve how they manage their resources, especially when it comes to resources that give them a competitive advantage. Corporate Reputation and Corporate Social Responsibility fulfill that role. This research aims to identify the dimensions that most influence Corporate Reputation and which can be most easily used to achieve a positive result. To do this, the data about 46 companies (from different sectors) contained in the 2015 report “The world's most reputable companies” by Reputation Institute was used. This report identifies seven dimensions which influence Corporate Reputation: products and services, innovation, workplace, governance, citizenship, leadership, and performance. The most important main conclusions are that (a) those companies in which the dimensions of Corporate Social Responsibility (workplace, governance, citizenship) were at an acceptable level, also had an acceptable level of Corporate Reputation. (b) Companies usually carry out passive Corporate Social Responsibility actions, such as those involving citizenship.
A unified approach to autonomous and nonautonomous models of circuit elements
Authors: Nałęcz Marek 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis paper proposes a unified approach to both autonomous models of circuit elements and nonautonomous models which contain nullator‐norator pairs. The unification is based on voltage‐controlled current sources as the only kind of element utilized in autonomous models. It is shown that nonautonomous models are special (limit) cases of autonomous ones as some transadmittances of these sources tend from one to infinity. A systematic approach to the creation of models which consist solely of voltage‐controlled current sources and are based on multiport equations is presented and illustrated by examples. By replacing the sources with their unistor models and then by application of the known transformations to the resulting unistor graph, autonomous and nonautonomous unistor models of several basic circuit elements are obtained. Some of these models seem to be new.
Machine learning risk score for prediction of gestational diabetes in early pregnancy in Tianjin, China
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Li Jing , Leng Junhong , Wang Hui , Liu Jinnan , Li Weiqin , Liu Hongyan , Wang Shuo , Ma Jun , Chan Juliana CN , Yu Zhijie , Hu Gang , Li Changping , Yang Xilin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to develop a machine learning–based prediction model for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early pregnancy in Chinese women.Materials and methodsWe used an established population‐based prospective cohort of 19,331 pregnant women registered as pregnant before the 15th gestational week in Tianjin, China, from October 2010 to August 2012. The dataset was randomly divided into a training set (70%) and a test set (30%). Risk factors collected at registration were examined and used to construct the prediction model in the training dataset. Machine learning, that is, the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) method, was employed to develop the model, while a traditional logistic model was also developed for comparison purposes. In the test dataset, the performance of the developed prediction model was assessed by calibration plots for calibration and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUR) for discrimination.ResultsIn total, 1484 (7.6%) women developed GDM. Pre‐pregnancy body mass index, maternal age, fasting plasma glucose at registration, and alanine aminotransferase were selected as risk factors. The machine learning XGBoost model‐predicted probability of GDM was similar to the observed probability in the test data set, while the logistic model tended to overestimate the risk at the highest risk level (Hosmer–Lemeshow test p value: 0.243 vs. 0.099). The XGBoost model achieved a higher AUR than the logistic model (0.742 vs. 0.663, p < 0.001). This XGBoost model was deployed through a free, publicly available software interface (https://liuhongwei.shinyapps.io/gdm_risk_calculator/).ConclusionThe XGBoost model achieved better performance than the logistic model.
Increased rates of eating disorders and their symptoms in women with major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders
Authors: Garcia Susana C. , Mikhail Megan E. , Keel Pamela K. , Burt S. Alexandra , Neale Michael C. , Boker Steven , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with eating disorders (EDs) have increased rates of major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders. Yet, few studies have investigated rates of EDs and their symptoms in individuals presenting with MDD/anxiety disorders. Identifying potential disordered eating in people with MDD/anxiety disorders is important because even subclinical disordered eating is associated with reduced quality of life, and undiagnosed eating pathology may hinder treatment progress for both MDD/anxiety disorders and comorbid EDs.MethodWe compared rates of EDs (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder, and other specified feeding and eating disorders) and their symptoms in 130 women with, and 405 women without, lifetime MDD or an anxiety disorder (generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, or post‐traumatic stress disorder) recruited from the population‐based Michigan State University Twin Registry. Lifetime ED and MDD/anxiety diagnoses, and lifetime clinically significant disordered eating behaviors (e.g., binge eating, excessive exercise) were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV (SCID).ResultsAmong participants with lifetime MDD or any anxiety disorder, 13% met criteria for a lifetime ED and 39% reported engaging in at least one lifetime clinically significant disordered eating behavior (e.g., binge eating) on the SCID. In contrast, only 3% of participants without a history of MDD/an anxiety disorder met criteria for a lifetime ED, and only 11% reported lifetime clinically significant disordered eating behavior.DiscussionOur findings suggest that women with MDD and anxiety disorders have elevated rates of EDs, and it is therefore imperative to screen for disordered eating in these populations.
Skull shape of a widely distributed, endangered marsupial reveals little evidence of local adaptation between fragmented populations
Authors: Viacava Pietro , Blomberg Simone P. , Sansalone Gabriele , Phillips Matthew J. , Guillerme Thomas , Cameron Skye F. , Wilson Robbie S. , Weisbecker Vera 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe biogeographic distribution of diversity among populations of threatened mammalian species is generally investigated using population genetics. However, intraspecific phenotypic diversity is rarely assessed beyond taxonomy‐focused linear measurements or qualitative descriptions. Here, we use a technique widely used in the evolutionary sciences—geometric morphometrics—to characterize shape diversity in the skull of an endangered marsupial, the northern quoll, across its 5,000 km distribution range along Northern Australia. Skull shape is a proxy for feeding, behavior, and phenotypic differentiation, allowing us to ask whether populations can be distinguished and whether patterns of variation indicate adaptability to changing environmental conditions. We analyzed skull shape in 101 individuals across four mainland populations and several islands. We assessed the contribution of population, size, sex, rainfall, temperature, and geography to skull shape variation using principal component analysis, Procrustes ANOVA, and variation partitioning analyses. The populations harbor similar amounts of broadly overlapping skull shape variation, with relatively low geographic effects. Size predicted skull shape best, coinciding with braincase size variation and differences in zygomatic arches. Size‐adjusted differences in populations explained less variation with far smaller effect sizes, relating to changes in the insertion areas of masticatory muscles, as well as the upper muzzle and incisor region. Climatic and geographic variables contributed little. Strikingly, the vast majority of shape variation—76%—remained unexplained. Our results suggest a uniform intraspecific scope for shape variation, possibly due to allometric constraints or phenotypic plasticity beyond the relatively strong allometric effect. The lack of local adaptation indicates that cross‐breeding between populations will not reduce local morphological skull (and probably general musculoskeletal) adaptation because none exists. However, the potential for heritable morphological variation (e.g., specialization to local diets) seems exceedingly limited. We conclude that 3D geometric morphometrics can provide a comprehensive, statistically rigorous phenomic contribution to genetic‐based conservation studies.
Effectiveness of interventions based on patient empowerment in the control of type 2 diabetes in sub‐Saharan Africa: A review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mogueo Amélie , Oga‐Omenka Charity , Hatem Marie , Kuate Defo Barthelemy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is estimated that 1.6 million deaths worldwide were directly caused by diabetes in 2016, and the burden of diabetes has been increasing rapidly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This study reviews existing interventions based on patient empowerment and their effectiveness in controlling diabetes in sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodPubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Global Health were searched through August 2018, for randomized controlled trials of educational interventions on adherence to the medication plan and lifestyle changes among adults aged 18 years and over with type 2 diabetes. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used.ResultsEleven publications from nine studies involving 2743 participants met the inclusion criteria. The duration of interventions with group education and individual education ranged from 3 to 12 months. For six studies comprising 1549 participants with meta‐analysable data on glycaemic control (HbA1c), there were statistically significant differences between intervention and control groups: mean difference was −0.57 [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.75, −0.40] (P < .00001,I2 = 27%). Seven studies with meta‐analysable data on blood pressure showed statistically significant differences between groups in favour of interventions. Subgroup analyses on glycaemic control showed that long‐term interventions were more effective than short‐term interventions and lifestyle interventions were more effective than diabetes self‐management education.ConclusionThis review supports the findings that interventions based on patient empowerment may improve glycaemia (HbA1c) and blood pressure in patients with diabetes. The long‐term and lifestyle interventions appear to be the most effective interventions for glycaemic control.
Treatment and management of primary antibody deficiency: German interdisciplinary evidence‐based consensus guideline
Authors: Hanitsch Leif , Baumann Ulrich , Boztug Kaan , Burkhard‐Meier Ulrike , Fasshauer Maria , Habermehl Pirmin , Hauck Fabian , Klock Gerd , Liese Johannes , Meyer Oliver , Müller Rainer , Pachlopnik‐Schmid Jana , Pfeiffer‐Kascha Dorothea , Warnatz Klaus , Wehr Claudia , Wittke Kirsten , Niehues Tim , von Bernuth Horst 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis evidence‐based clinical guideline provides consensus‐recommendations for the treatment and care of patients with primary antibody deficiencies (PADs). The guideline group comprised 20 clinical and scientific expert associations of the German, Swiss, and Austrian healthcare system and representatives of patients. Recommendations were based on results of a systematic literature search, data extraction, and evaluation of methodology and study quality in combination with the clinical expertise of the respective representatives. Consensus‐based recommendations were determined via nominal group technique. PADs are the largest clinically relevant group of primary immunodeficiencies. Most patients with PADs present with increased susceptibility to infections, however immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, and cancer affect a significant number of patients and may precede infections. This guideline therefore covers interdisciplinary clinical and therapeutic aspects of infectious (e.g., antibiotic prophylaxis, management of bronchiectasis) and non‐infectious manifestations (e.g., management of granulomatous disease, immune cytopenia). PADs are grouped into disease entities with definitive, probable, possible, or unlikely benefit of IgG‐replacement therapy. Summary and consensus‐recommendations are provided for treatment indication, dosing, routes of administration, and adverse events of IgG‐replacement therapy. Special aspects of concomitant impaired T‐cell function are highlighted as well as clinical data on selected monogenetic inborn errors of immunity formerly classified into PADs (APDS, CTLA‐4‐, and LRBA‐deficiency).