bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Genotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Activities and Analysis of Different Constituents found in Rhizome Essential Oil of Curcuma caesia Roxb., Collected from North East India
Authors: Paw Manabi , Gogoi Roktim , Sarma Neelav , Pandey Sudin K. , Borah Angana , Begum Twahira , Lal Mohan 
Published: November 2019

Background:
This investigation was designed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, genotoxicity, and antimicrobial activities of Curcuma caesia Roxb rhizome
essential oil.

Methods:
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the
chemical composition, standard antioxidative test DPPH assay, reducing power assay, in vitro antiinflammatory
activity (egg albumin denaturation, protease inhibitory assay) by using standard methods.
Similarly, antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory
concentration ability (MIC); while to test genotoxicity, Allium cepa assay was used.

Results:
GC/MS analysis revealed eucalyptol (28.55%), epicurzerenone (19.62%), and camphor
(21.73%) as the major components of C. caesia rhizome essential oil. Potent antioxidant (IC50=
48.08±0.003 μg/mL), anti-inflammatory (IC50= 121.7±0.0013 μg/mL), and antimicrobial activities of
the essential oil were recorded better than the standard drugs Fluconazole for fungus and Ciprofloxacin
for bacteria. The essential oil also possessed a strong antibacterial effect against two tested bacterial
strains B. subtilis and B. cereus with 7.5 μg/mL MIC value, while for fungal strains the essential oil
was most effective against S. cereviaceae with an MIC value of 2.5 μg/mL. All the data were recorded
in triplicates. Allium cepa assay revealed minor genotoxicity with mitotic index, MI= 27.70%; chromosome
aberration, A= 1.1% of C. caesia rhizome essential oil.

Conclusion:
C. caesia rhizome essential oil possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial
properties with negligible genotoxicity. Hence, the present study is highly significant for the
utilization of rhizome of C. caesia, a high-value ethnopharmacological plant for advanced R & D and
commercial application.
Emerging Complexity and the Need for Advanced Drug Delivery in Targeting Candida Species
Authors: Wadhwa Ridhima , Pandey Parijat , Gupta Gaurav , Aggarwal Taru , Kumar Nitesh , Mehta Meenu , Satija Saurabh , Gulati Monica , Madan Jyotsna R. , Dureja Harish , Balusamy Sri R. , Perumalsamy Haribalan , Maurya Pawan K. , Collet Trudi , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Hansbro Philip M. , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Dua Kamal 
Published: November 2019

Background:Candida species are the important etiologic agents for candidiasis, the most prevalent cause of opportunistic fungal infections. Candida invasion results in mucosal to systemic infections through immune dysfunction and helps in further invasion and proliferation at several sites in the host. The host defence system utilizes a wide array of the cells, proteins and chemical signals that are distributed in blood and tissues which further constitute the innate and adaptive immune system. The lack of antifungal agents and their limited therapeutic effects have led to high mortality and morbidity related to such infections.Methods:The necessary information collated on this review has been gathered from various literature published from 1995 to 2019.Results:This article sheds light on novel drug delivery approaches to target the immunological axis for several Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. rugose, C. hemulonii, etc.).Conclusion:It is clear that the novel drug delivery approaches include vaccines, adoptive transfer of primed immune cells, recombinant cytokines, therapeutic antibodies, and nanoparticles, which have immunomodulatory effects. Such advancements in targeting various underpinning mechanisms using the concept of novel drug delivery will provide a new dimension to the fungal infection clinic particularly due to Candida species with improved patient compliance and lesser side effects. This advancement in knowledge can also be extended to target various other similar microbial species and infections.
Mitochondrion as a Selective Target for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Defective Mitophagy in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Orekhov Alexander N. , Poznyak Anastasia V. , Sobenin Igor A. , Nikifirov Nikita N. , Ivanova Ekaterina A. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects different
arteries in the human body and often leads to severe neurological complications, such as stroke and
its sequelae. Affected blood vessels develop atherosclerotic lesions in the form of focal thickening
of the intimal layer, so called atherosclerotic plaques.

Objectives:
Despite the high priority of atherosclerosis research for global health and the numerous
preclinical and clinical studies conducted, currently, there is no effective pharmacological treatment
that directly impacts atherosclerotic plaques. Many knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of
the mechanisms of plaque formation. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondria in different
cell types involved in atherogenesis and provide information about mtDNA mutations associated
with the disease.

Results:
Mitochondria of blood and arterial wall cells appear to be one of the important factors in
disease initiation and development. Significant experimental evidence connects oxidative stress
associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular disease. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA) deletions and mutations are being considered as potential disease markers. Further study
of mtDNA damage and associated dysfunction may open new perspectives for atherosclerosis
treatment.

Conclusion:
Mitochondria can be considered as important disease-modifying factors in several
chronic pathologies. Deletions and mutations of mtDNA may be used as potential disease markers.
Mitochondria-targeting antioxidant therapies appear to be promising for the development of treatment
of atherosclerosis and other diseases associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
Celecoxib A Selective COX-2 Inhibitor Mitigates Fibrosis but not Pneumonitis Following Lung Irradiation: A Histopathological Study
Authors: Azmoonfar Rasoul , Amini Peyman , Saffar Hana , Motevaseli Elahe , Khodamoradi Ehsan , Shabeeb Dheyauldeen , Musa Ahmed Eleojo , Najafi Masoud 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Lung is one of the radiosensitive and late responding organs, and is an
important target for ionizing radiation. Radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis are major consequences
of lung exposure to a high dose of radiation and pose threats to the lives of exposed people.
Mitigation of lung injury following an accidental radiation event or for patients with lung cancer
is one of the most interesting issues in radiobiology. In the current study, we aimed to determine
whether celecoxib, the most common cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, is able to mitigate
pneumonitis and fibrosis following lung irradiation or not.

Materials and methods:
20 male mice were assigned to 4 groups: control, celecoxib treatment,
radiation, and radiation plus celecoxib. Irradiation was performed with a dose of 18 Gy cobalt-60
(60Co) gamma rays. Celecoxib treatment (50 mg/kg) started 24 h after irradiation and continued four
times per week for 4 weeks.

Results:
Irradiation of lung led to remarkable infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells
and neutrophils. Also, a mild increase in fibrosis markers including accumulation of collagen, and
alveolar and vascular thickening, was observed. Post-exposure treatment with celecoxib was able to
mitigate fibrosis as well as alveolar and vascular changes, however, it was unable to mitigate pneumonitis
markers.

Conclusion:
Celecoxib showed that it may have an anti-fibrosis effect following exposure of mice
lung to radiation, although it was unable to prevent pneumonitis.
Typology of Social Network Structures and Late-Life Depression in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Ojagbemi Akin , Gureje Oye 
Published: November 2019

Background:Rapid social changes and youth migration ensures a continuous drain on the social networks of the elderly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs).Objective:We reviewed available literature on the relationship between social network structures and depression among community dwelling older persons in LMICs with a view to identifying patterns that might provide information for designing preventive psychosocial interventions.Methods:We searched the MEDLINE database through Pubmed, extracted information on the typologies of social network structures in LMICs and identified dimensions with the strongest systematic association with late-life depression, by weight, using the inverse of variance method. All analyses were conducted using the Cochrane review manager version 5.3.Results:Fourteen community-based surveys drawn from 16 LMIC contexts met criteria for syntheses. They included a total of 37,917 mostly female (58.8%) participants with an average age of 73.2 years. Social network size, contact with network, diversity of network, co-residency with own child, having more friends than family in the network, and prestigious standing of persons in the social network were protective structures against late-life depression. Conversely, low network diversity contributed 44.2% of the weight of all social network structures that are predictive of late-life depression.Conclusion:Recommendations are made for the design of new measures of social network structures in LMICs that captures the key dimensions identified. Epidemiological studies using such tools will provide more precise information for planning and prioritization of scarce resources for the prevention of late-life depression in LMICs.
Seismic Fragility of Tall Concrete Wall Structures in Malaysia under Far-Field Earthquakes
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Vafaei Mohammadreza , Alih Sophia C. , Aljwim Kotaiba 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
In recent years, the seismic vulnerability of structures in Malaysia has attracted the attention of researchers mainly because the majority of existing structures have not been designed for seismic actions. In this study, seismic vulnerability of tall concrete wall buildings has been investigated through the development of seismic fragility curves.

Methods:
Two 25-story tall buildings with similar plans but with the different number of parking levels were analyzed through the incremental dynamic analysis. The tall buildings were excited by 15 far-field earthquakes, and their inter-story drift demands and capacities were estimated. Nonlinear response of beams and columns was simulated through the lumped plasticity model. The inelastic response of concrete walls was taken into account through the use of distributed plasticity fibre-based elements.

Results and Conclusion:
The obtained results indicated that the probability of exceeding minor damage to the tall concrete wall buildings located in the Kuala Lumpur city was around 55%. However, the probability of collapse of these structures in the same city was less than 15%.
Hydrological Modeling of Green Roofs Runoff by Nash Cascade Model
Authors: Krasnogorskaya Nataliya , Longobardi Antonia , Mobilia Mirka , Khasanova Leisan Flyurovna , Shchelchkova Anastasia Igorevna 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Green roofs (GRs) technology has gained increasing interest in recent years since it offers multiple benefits to urban environments, citizens and buildings. Eco-covers can capture some water nutrient pollutants, filter air pollutants and moderate the urban heat island effect. Beyond these benefits, abundant literature stresses the role played by the GRs from the hydrological perspective. They allow to face the increasing stress on the traditional urban drainage systems by reducing the annual stormwater runoff. In light of this, the hydrological behavior prediction of a vegetated cover is essential for urban planners, policy makers and engineers in order to quantify runoff mitigation potential so as to optimize their application.

Objective:
The aim of the present research is to meet this need by testing the accuracy of Nash cascade model in predicting the stormwater production of GR systems.

Materials and Methods:
The proposed model has been calibrated against hourly data of thirteen rainfall-runoff events observed at two experimental sites, both located within the campus of the University of Salerno, southern Italy. Event scale model calibration, aimed at the identification of the storage coefficient parameter, has been based on the optimization of a number of error statistics.

Results and Conclusion:
Despite its simplicity, the investigated model appears adequately to be able to predict the runoff production from the experimental green roofs with a good degree of accuracy, as described by the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency index, which ranges between 0.54 and 0.94.
Efficacy of Dental Implants Placements between Lateral and Crestal Sinus Lift Techniques: A Split-Mouth Study
Authors: Al-Almaie Saad , Kavarodi Abdul M. 
Published: November 2019

Background:Bone atrophy and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus resulting from tooth loss, associated with low bone density in the region, do not usually allow adequate quantity and quality for the installation of osseointegrated implants.Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of crestal and lateral sinus lift techniques which are performed on same patients.Materials and Methods:Ten patients who required both crestal and lateral approaches in 20 sinus lifts were selected; 31 endosseous dental implants were placed into these patients, with a reported timeline for each approach. Assessment of the surgical procedures in all patients was done using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Clinical and radiographic parameters, including Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), distance between the implant shoulder and the mucosal margin (DIM) and distance between the implant shoulder and first visible bone-implant contact (DIB), were analyzed to compare implant survival for both approaches.Results:All implants were successfully osseointegrated. No significant differences were observed between lateral and crestal approaches in PPD, DIM and DIB (p-values = 0.0504, 0.7784 and 0.18170, respectively), and in the total VAS scores (p-value ≥ 0.05). Most of the patients preferred the crestal approach due to the delay in implant placements with the lateral approach.Conclusion:Evaluation of the sinus floor elevation is more precise when both techniques are performed on the same patient. Furthermore, although post-operative vertigo is a major concern with the crestal approach; patients preferred this approach over the lateral technique because it is less invasive and required less time for the procedure.
Influence of the Arabic-Coffee on the Overall Color of Glazed or Polished Porcelain Veneers – In vitro Study
Authors: Alghazali Nabiel , Hakami Afaf A. , AlAjlan Ghadah A. , Alotaibi Rawan M. , Alabdulwahab Faris N. , AlQuraishi Lama A. , Abdalkadeer Hadeel , Al Moaleem Mohammed M. 
Published: November 2019

Background:Sometimes, porcelain restorations experience some degree of colour change in oral environment, which could be related to the quality of diet and surface roughness of these restorations.Objective:The aim of thisin-vitrostudy was to evaluate the influence of Arabic-Coffee on the overall color of glazed or polished porcelain veneers fabricated from four different porcelain materials and two different thicknesses.Materials and Methods:A total of 160 porcelain disc of tested specimens were fabricated to a standardized thickness of 1.00 mm and 0.6mm using the following materials: Feldspathic porcelain, Zircon, E-max Press, and E-max CAD; (80 discs for each thickness and 20 specimens of each material used). Veneer specimens from each material were randomly divided into two subgroups (n = 10): 10 specimens were kept as glazed, were the other 10 tested specimens were adjusted with diamond burs, and then polished with Ivoclar Vivadent ceramic polishing kits using the recommended protocol for polishing provided by the company. A color of all tested specimens was measured using Vita Easy Shade Spectrophotometer. Then, all specimens were immersed in Arabic coffee (Al Mosafer Coffee, Saudi Arabia) and theromcycled for 1 week, and the colors of all tested specimens were then recorded again.Results:It was shown that there is a significant difference in the average color changes before and after immersing in Arabic-Coffee for all materials and thicknesses used in the current study. In-addition, significant differences in color changes were noticed between glazed and polished specimens. Moreover, colour change caused by the coffee was not significantly related to the thickness of the specimens used.Conclusion:Color stability of porcelain materials could be affected by surface treatment whether glazing or polishing. All aesthetic restorations should be deglazed whenever any adjustments have been done to maintain the color match and stability in an oral environment. Also, Arabic-Coffee is considered as a staining drink to a limited extend where patient should be assured to maintain their oral health to maintain the colour stability of their restorations.
Replacement of Congenitally Missing Bilateral Maxillary Canines with Dental Implants: A Rare Case Report and Mini Review
Authors: Alsameai Abduljabbar Mohammed , Khabaz Basema Abdullah , Alraawi Mohammed Abdo , Al Moaleem Mohammed M 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Maxillary canines play strategic roles in maintaining the normal function and visibility of teeth. However, rare cases of bilateral permanent congenitally missing maxillary canines were occurring. Replacing these missing canines with dental implant prostheses is an optimal treatment plan for aesthetics and functions.

Case Report:
In this case report, we described the replacement of bilateral maxillary canines with osseointegrated implants to support all-ceramic prostheses for a young female patient. This treatment avoids the conventional preparation of adjacent teeth as a part of prosthetic reconstructions. In addition to that, all-ceramic crowns are biocompatible with oral cavity structures.

Conclusion:
The stable short-term result has been achieved with the replacement of the bilateral congenitally missed canines with an implant and cemented all-ceramic crowns, with 3-years cumulative success rate.
Functional Outcomes After Salvage Procedures for Wrist Trauma and Arthritis (Four-Corner Fusion, Proximal Row Carpectomy, Total Wrist Arthroplasty, Total Wrist Fusion, Wrist Denervation): A Review of Literature
Authors: Schmidt Ingo 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Several salvage procedures for the arthritically destroyed wrist exist. Each of these has advantages as well as disadvantages.

Aims:
The aim of this article is to give practical insights for the clinician on: (1) biomechanical and clinical fundamentals of normal and impaired wrist motion; (2) difficulties in assessment of postoperative outcome between measured motion by the surgeon and self-reported outcome by the patient; (3) indications for each procedure; and (4) differences in functional outcome between partial and complete motion-preserving as well as complete motion-restricting salvage procedures.

Methods:
In trend, Proximal Row Carpectomy (PRC) is slightly superior over four-corner fusion (4CF) in terms of functional outcome, but the methodology-related postoperative motion is decreased for both procedures. Furthermore, PRC is easier to perform, needs lower costs, and has fewer complications than 4CF. Total Wrist Arthroplasty (TWA) has the advantage compared to PRC and 4CF that the preoperative motion values are preserved, but it is limited by decreased load-bearing capacity for the wrist. Total Wrist Fusion (TWF) is associated with a higher load-bearing capacity for the wrist than TWA, but it is limited for carrying out essential activities of daily living. Both PRC and 4CF can be combined primarily by wrist denervation. Wrist denervation alone does not impair the movement of the wrist.

Results and Conclusion:
Salvage procedures for the arthritically destroyed wrist should be detected regarding patients age- and gender-related claims in work and leisure. Not all of them can be successfully re-employed in their original occupations associated with high load-bearing conditions.
Anterior and Posterior Segment Manifestations of Pathological Myopia: A Clinical Study from Turkish Aegean Region
Authors: Karabulut Sinem , Karti Omer , Zengin Mehmet Ozgur , Karabulut Mujdat , Kusbeci Tuncay 
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective:Myopia is one of the most prevalent vision conditions caused by a mismatch between the refractive power and axial length of the eyeball. High myopia may have a degenerative disorder, including cornea, sclera, choroid, optic disc, vitreous, macula, and peripheral retina. Although there are few studies regarding clinical features of pathological myopia, especially in the far-eastern countries where myopia is common, but are no comprehensive data in our region. This study was aimed to demonstrate both anterior and posterior ocular segment manifestations of pathological myopia.Methods:One hundred forty eyes of 82 patients who met the pathological myopia criteria were enrolled in this prospective study. Measurements of Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), endothelial cell parameters, Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD), Axial Length (AL) and Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness (SFCT) were performed in all patients. Presence of posterior segment pathologies such as peripapillary atrophy, tilted disc, Lacquer's crack, foveoschisis, myopic maculopathy, Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV), and peripheral retinal degeneration was recorded.Results:The mean age was 54.1 ± 14.2 years. 43 (52.4%) of the patients were female. One hundred patients (71.4%) were phakic and 40 (28.6%) were pseudophakic. The mean CCT, corneal endothelial cell density, ACD, AL, and SFCT were 548.91 ± 43.44 µm, 2335.89 ± 374.38 cells/mm2, 3.93 ± 0.79 mm, 28.75 ± 2.20 mm, and 94.56 ± 73.11 µm, respectively. Tilted disc, peripapillary atrophy and posterior staphyloma were detected in 89 (63.6%), 119 (85%) and 78 (55.7%) eyes, respectively. Normal fundus, tessellated fundus, diffuse chorioretinal atrophy, focal chorioretinal atrophy and macular atrophy were seen in 13 (9.3%), 59 (42%), 26 (18.6%), 14 (10%), and 28 (20%) eyes, respectively. Lacquer crack, CNV, and Fuchs spot were observed in 11 (7.9%), 39 (27.9%), and 47 (33.6%) eyes, respectively.Conclusion:This study reported clinical characteristics of eyes with pathological myopia in a retina specialty clinic at a tertiary referral center from the Turkish Aegean Region. Pathological myopia may affect both anterior and posterior ocular segments. However, posterior segment manifestations may be associated with lesions that threaten vision. Therefore, periodic follow-up in patients with pathological myopia is critical.