bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Спрега Ероса и Танатоса у Роману о Лондону Милоша Црњанског
Authors: Panić-Maraš Jelena 
Published: March 2020

Coupling of Eros and Thanatos in Miloš Crnjanski’s A Novel about LondonMiloš Crnjanski’s last novel, entitled A Novel about London, is a modernist piece of work about the love of a Russian refugee couple in London immediately after the end of World War II. In his narrative, Crnjanski manages to depict two contradictory worldviews symbolically represented by Eros and Thanatos. Because the theme of suicide consistently develops throughout the novel, the author of this paper focuses on showing the changing attitudes towards the suicide of the protagonist. Consequently, the author illustrates the dynamics of Eros and Thanatos, particularly evident when the Russian Prince Rjepnin makes the decision to commit suicide and later when upholds his decision and kills himself. Сочетание эроса и танатоса в Романе о Лондоне Милоша ЦрнянскогоПоследний роман Милоша Црнянского — Роман о Лондоне — можно назвать модернистским авангардным произведением. Црнянский описывает любовные отношения пары русских эмигрантов в Лондоне после окончания Второй мировой войны через призму продиводействия Эроса и Танатоса. Сила Танатоса находит отражение в последовательной подготовке князя Репнина к самоубийству. В данной статье исследуется отношение главного героя к самоубийству, зарождение идеи о самоубийстве, а также поведение героя во время осуществления этого замысла.
Произведения Клементины Хоффмановой из рода Таньских в русских переводах
Authors: Guseva Olga 
Published: March 2020

Works of Klementyna Hoffmanowa in Russian translationsWorks of Klementyna Hoffmanowa, one of Poland’s first writers of children’s literature, were extremely popular in Poland in the 19th century. Her first book Pamiątka po dobrej Matce Remembering a Good Mother had the most astonishing success. It was followed by a series of works, almost all had a strongly expressed national character. Nevertheless, her translators into the Russian language used the Russification as a technique of translation. Polish culture was converted to the Russian culture and the text was rewritten. Russian translation of Remembering a Good Mother was published in 1827 and it was a great success because of the poverty of Russian children’s literature in the first third of the 19th century. The next adapted translation was her book of moral stories, published in Russian in 1860 and 1869. By that time, Russian children’s literature was rich and varied and adaptation as a method of translation failed. Utwory Klementyny z Tańskich Hoffmanowej w tłumaczeniach na język rosyjskiUtwory Klementyny z Tańskich Hoffmanowej — jednej z pierwszych polskich twórczyń literatury dla dzieci i młodzieży — cieszyły się wielką popularnością w XIX wieku. Szczególne uznanie zdobyło jej debiutanckie dzieło Pamiątka po dobrej matce 1819, pisane z myślą o dorastających dziewczętach. W 1827 roku ukazała się rosyjska adaptacja Pamiątki, przystosowana do odczytania utworu w kontekście kultury rosyjskiej. W tym czasie w literaturze rosyjskiej brakowało utworów edukacyjnych poświęconych wychowaniu płci pięknej, dlatego przeróbka z polskiego uzyskała pochlebne opinie krytyków.Strategia domestykacji, czyli udomowienia tekstu źródłowego, została ponownie zastosowana przez tłumaczy w przekładach opowiadań Hoffmanowej w latach sześćdziesiątych XIX wieku. Wówczas jednak rosyjska literatura dla dzieci przeżywała rozkwit i dlatego moralno-dydaktyczne adaptacje pozbawione elementów obcości zostały pominięte przez krytyków milczeniem, przez co pozostały niemal niezauważone przez czytelników.
Problemy współczesnej komunikacji językowej. Kilka uwag o budowaniu relacji nadawca–odbiorca
Authors: Pytel-Pandey Danuta 
Published: March 2020

Problems of contemporary language communication. Some comments on building the sender–recipient relationshipThis article discusses the problems of modern language communication associated with setting up contacts between the listener and the speaker. The author analyzes the communicative model of four ears, which was proposed by the German psychologist Friedemann Schultz von Thun for the interpretation of speech messages, and Paul Watzlawick’s five axioms of communication. The paper presents their influence on building relationships between interlocutors during a language contact. Проблемы современной языковой коммуникации. Несколько комментариев к проблеме построения контакта между говорящим и слушающимВ настоящей статье рассматриваются проблемы современной языковой коммуникации, связанные с построением контактов между слушающим и говорящим. Автор анализирует коммуникативную модель „четырёх ушей”, которую предложил немецкий психолог Фридеманн Шульц фон Тун для интерпретации речевых сообщений, и аксиомы человеческой коммуникации Пола Вацлавика. В работе представлено их влияние на построение отношений между собеседниками во время языкового контакта.
Współczesny rozwój etnolektu śląskiego na tle językowych procesów emancypacyjnych w Europie
Authors: Jaroszewicz Henryk 
Published: March 2020

The contemporary development of the Silesian ethnolect in comparison with the linguistic processes of emancipation in EuropeFor more than ten years the Silesian ethnolect has been rapidly developing. During this time, its polyvalence, the level of codification and the scope of its use have been radically expanded. This code is used by a relatively big number of speakers 530,000 who consider it a separate language and not a local dialect of Polish. The legal status of the Silesian ethnolect depends on the linguistic policy implemented in modern Poland. At present, however, there is no political will to elevate this code to the status of an independent language. Suvremen razvoj šleskog varijeteta u kontekstu jezičnih emancipacijskih procesa u EuropiU posljednih dvadeset godina primjećuje se dinamičan i intenzivan razvoj šleskog jezičnog varijeteta. U ovom vremenskom razdoblju radikalno se povećala polivalentnost šleskog idioma, stupanj njegove kodifikacije, znatno se takoder proširilo komunikacijsko i stilsko područje njegove upotrebe. Šleski jezični varijetet karakterizira prilično veliki broj izvornih govornika 530.000., koji – što valja napomenuti – ne smatraju ga jednim od poljskih dijalekata već zasebnim jezikom. Pravni položaj šleskog jezičnog varijeteta ovisi naravno o obliku državne, jezične politike. Čini se ipak da u ovom trenutku nedostaje u Poljskoj političke volje da se šleski jezični varijetet prizna zasebnim jezikom.
Flüchtlingsschicksal im Jugendroman „Hesmats Flucht” 2008 von Wolfgang Böhmer. Ein Fallbeispiel für Realistisches Schreiben über Afghanistan in der deutschsprachigen KJL
Authors: Wolting Monika 
Published: March 2020

In dem Beitrag wird das Thema einer literarischen Darstellung eines Flüchtlingsschicksals erörtert. Hier ist vorrangig von Interesse die Weise, wie der Autor, Wolfgang Böhmer, die Figur eines Ju­gendlichen, Hesmat und seine Fluchtaus Afghanistan literarisch aufarbeitet. In den zentralen Punkt der Überlegungen rückt der Realitätsanspruch des Romans, der seine Bestätigung im aussagekräf­tigen Nachwort findet.Refugee fate in the adolescence novel Hesmats Flucht 2008 by Wolfgang Böhmer. A Case Study presented a realistic writing about Afganistan within the Germanchildren and youth literature Within this article I would like to discuss the topic of a literative representing of a refugeeʼs fate. The point of view is focussed on the way how the author Wolfgang Böhmer, is figuring out literally the character of a young man, Hesmat and his escaping route out of Afghanistan. The main issue ofthe reflections is the demand of reality in the novel confirmed in themeaningful afterword.
Iniuria post mortem testatoris w prawie rzymskim okresu klasycznego w świetle koncepcji iniuria indirecta
Authors: Nowicka Dobromiła 
Published: March 2020

Iniuria post mortem testatoris in Roman law of the classical period in the light of the concept of iniuria indirectaThe aim of the article is to analyse regulations concerning injury to personality associated with deeds committed directly against acorpse, funeral rites or atestator’s reputation. The author’s reflections focus on the classification of these infringements as indirect injury to the testator’s reputation as proposed in the doctrine. Apart from undeniable shared features of iniuria post mortem testatoris and other cases of iniuria indirecta, we can point to significant differences stemming primarily from alack of possibility — even if only potential — of direct iniuria if adeed is committed against a corpse or the testator’s reputation. This feature, in turn, seems to be present in all other cases classified as indirect iniuria. It should also be stressed that in the case of iniuria post mortem testatoris it is impossible to apply any of the criteria indicated as the basis for regarding specific behaviour as aslight to the reputation not only directly of the injured party but also other individuals whose reputation is injured only indirectly as aresult of the perpetrator’s actions.Iniuria post mortem testatoris nach römischem Recht der klassischen Periode im Hinblick auf das Konzept der iniuria indirectaIn dem Artikel wurden Textfragmente analysiert, die die Verletzung der Persönlichkeit aufgrund der Handlungen betreffen, die sich direkt gegen den Leichnam, die Trauerfeierlichkeiten oder den Ruf des Nachlassgebers richten. Die in der Doktrin vorgeschlagene Qualifikation, derartige Verletzungen für eine indirekte Verletzung des guten Rufs des Nachlassgebers zu halten, stellt den Kern der Überlegungen dar. Außer den gemeinsamen Merkmalen der iniuria post mortem testatoris und der anderen Fälle der iniuria indirecta, können weitgehende Unterschiede genannt werden, die sich vor allem daraus ergeben, dass es keine, auch eine potentielle Möglichkeit einer direkten iniuria in Bezug auf den Leichnam oder den guten Ruf des Nachlassgebers gibt. Und dieses Merkmal wiederum scheint in sämtlichen anderen Fällen aufzutreten, die als indirekte iniuria gelten. Hervorzuheben ist auch, dass kein der Kriterien, die als Grundlage gelten, ein bestimmtes Verhalten für ein den guten Ruf nicht nur des direkt Benachteiligten verletzendes zu erklären, aber auch einer anderen Person, deren Reputation infolge der Handlungen des Täters lediglich indirekt verletzt wird, im Falle einer iniuria post mortem testatoris Anwendung findet.
Zjazd książąt śląskich z 1329 roku
Authors: Ptak Marian J. 
Published: March 2020

The Congress of Silesian dukes of 1329The study examines documents which originated in connection with avisit by the King of Bohemia and Poland, John of Luxembourg, to Wrocław in April and May 1329. So far scholars have pointed primarily to the reduction to vassalage of successive Silesian dukes from the Wroclaw line Bolesław III of Legnica and Brzeg and Głogów line Henry of Żagań, Conrad of Oleśnica and John of Ścinawa. They have stressed the pressure exerted by the Bohemian king, which the various dukes were unable to withstand. The author has attempted to take acloser look at the contents of the extant documents, particularly vassalage documents. They show that the King of Bohemia convened a congress of dukes to Wrocław, during which matters of vassalage were negotiated not only for individuals but also for the various lines. The negotiations featured atwo-person ducal deputation acting as acourt of arbitration. The documents list the dukes’ rights and freedoms with regard to the territories they governed and people settled there as well as the rights of the Bohemian king as the feudal lord. They also regulated the question of mutual relations between the dukes in property and other matters. Consequently, they should be viewed as the first written legislative acts fundamental and constitutional in nature, both in the various duchies and in their association referred to as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia.Zusammenkünfte der schlesischen Herzöge aus dem Jahre 1329Zum Gegenstand der Bearbeitung wurden Dokumente, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Aufenthalt des Königs von Böhmen und Polen, des Johann von Luxemburg im April und Mai 1329 in Breslau entstanden sind. In der bisherigen Literatur wird vor allem auf die Vasalisierung weiterer schlesischer Herzöge der Breslauer Boleslaus 3. von Liegnitz und Brieg und Glogauer Heinrich v. Sagan, Konrad v. Oels und Jan v. Scinawa Linie hingewiesen. Hervorgehoben wurde dabei der durch den böhmischen König ausgeübte Druck, dem die einzelnen Herzöge sich nicht widersetzen konnten. Der Verfasser sah in die erhaltenen Dokumente ein und schenkte seine besondere Aufmerksamkeit den Lehensdokumenten. Aus diesen ergibt sich, dass der böhmische König die Zusammenkunft der Herzöge in Breslau einberufen hat, wo man die Angelegenheiten der Lehensverhältnisse nicht nur individuell, sondern auch gruppenweise verhandelte, im Rahmen einzelner Linien unter Beteiligung einer Zweipersonendeputation des Herzogs, die die Funktion eines Schiedsgerichtes erfüllte. In den Lehensdokumenten wurden die bisherigen Rechte und Freiheiten der Herzöge in Bezug auf die ihnen unterliegenden Gebiete und die dort ansässige Bevölkerung sowie die Rechte des böhmischen Königs als den Senior genannt. Sie regelten auch die gegenseitigen vermögensrechtlichen und sonstigen Verhältnisse zwischen den Herzögen. Folglich sind diese Dokumente als erste Rechtsakten eines fundamentalen und verfassungsrechtlichen Charakters anzusehen und das sowohl in den einzelnen Herzogtümern, als auch in ihrer Verbindung, für die der Name Herzogtum Ober- und Niederschlesien gängig ist.
Poglądy legislatorów Polski stanisławowskiej na zasadę równości w projektach reform praw kryminalnych
Authors: Wiązek Paweł 
Published: March 2020

From the history of criminal law thought in Poland of King Stanislaus’s era: legislators’ polemics over the principle of equality in criminal law in an estate countryThe article is devoted to the reform of criminal law in 18th-century Poland and is one of the effect of many years of research in the field. In analysing selected views, draft legislation and legal regulations from the reign of the last king of Poland, the author focuses on the polemic surrounding the principle of equality in criminal law in an estate country. At the same he tries to note similarities and differences in the views of legislators of the Enlightenment period, exploring the reasons for and the nature of the divergencies in their positions.Die Ansichten der Gesetzgeber der Poniatowski Zeit betreffend den Grundsatz der Gleichheit in den Reformprojekten der KriminalrechteDie Publikation ist der Problematik der Reform des Strafrechtes in Polen im 18. Jahrhundert gewidmet und stellt ein Teilergebnis vieljähriger Untersuchungen in diesem Bereich dar. Bei der Analyse ausgesuchter Meinungen, legislativer Entwürfe und rechtlicher Regelungen aus der Regie­rungszeit des letzten Monarchen der Republik Polen vor den Teilungen konzentriert derVerfasser seine Aufmerksamkeit auf der Polemik um den Grundsatz der Gleichheit im Strafrecht in den Rea­lien des Ständestaates. Der Verfasser versucht gleichzeitig Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede in den Ansichten der Gesetzgeber der Aufklärung zu finden, indem er Ursachen und den Charakter der eventuellen Abweichungen sucht, die in ihren Meinungen auftreten.
Rewolucja czy ewolucja? Przemiany polskiego newsa telewizyjnego
Authors: Grzelka Monika , Kula Agnieszka 
Published: March 2020

Revolution or evolution? Transformation of TV news reportWe would like to analyze TV news report. This term is frequently used, the researchers do not specify which charakteristics of this genre are the most specific and essential. We understand news as a component of television newscast, regularly scheduled TV program. The form of the news bulletin is apparently unchanged because the sending-receiving mechanisms are constant, with telegenic newscasters, aproperly arranged studio, two-, three-minute long news reports, and the roles the spectators are cast in. These tricks, however, only serve the senders’ strategies, which make it necessary to define the television news report in adynamically changing media reality. Since the genre is an open and dynamic structure and seamlessly adapts to current needs, it is possible to approach it “diachronically” and present its evolution — mild, fluid, predictable change, and revolution — radical, abrupt change.
Nowy — stary rytuał językowy dziennikarzy sportowych
Authors: Grochala Beata 
Published: March 2020

A new — old language ritual of sports journalistsSports event is akind of media event in which the audience participates both in the stadium and in front of TV screens. The master of ceremonies is ajournalist. He leads the audience through the match and the important means of ceremony is language. The article compares the ways of celebration in two games. The first is the England v. Poland match at Wembley in October 1973, ended with a1:1 draw, which gave the Poles advancment to the World Cup. The second is the historical, because first, Polish national football victory over Germany in October of 2014 at the National Stadium in Warsaw. The analysis shows, that there are no important differences between both sports commentaries.
Glosa do uchwały Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 19 października 2018 roku, sygn. III CZP 45/18
Authors: Dobosz Damian 
Published: March 2020

Glosowana uchwała Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 19 października 2018 r. sygn. III CZP 45/18 rozstrzyga zagadnienie prawne przedstawione przez sąd okręgowy, które brzmiało następująco: Czy rzecz nabyta w trakcie trwania małżeństwa, w którym obowiązuje reżim ustawowej wspólności majątkowej, w części ze środków pochodzących z majątku odrębnego jednego z małżonków, a w części z ich majątku wspólnego wchodzi w całości do majątku wspólnego, czy też wchodzi do tego z majątków, z którego pochodzi większa część środków na nabycie rzeczy, czy też wchodzi do majątku odrębnego jednego z małżonków i jednocześnie do ich majątku wspólnego w udziałach odpowiadających stosunkowi środków przeznaczonych z tych majątków na nabycie rzeczy? W glosie przedstawiony został stan faktyczny ustalony przez sąd okręgowy i przedstawione doktrynalne ujęcia majątku osobiste i wspólnego małżonków. Następnie zaprezentowano najważniejsze tezy z uchwały Sądu Najwyższego oraz konsekwencje prawne rozstrzygnięcia. Gloss of the resolution of the Supreme Court from the 19 of October 2018The glossed resolution of the Supreme Court from 19 October 2018, signature III CZP 45/18 settles the issue presented by the District Court which referred to the problem of whether an item acquired during a joint property marriage partly from funds from the separate property of one of the spouses and partly from the joint property is wholly included in joint property, or is included in the property which includes more funds for gaining the item, or is included in separate property of one of the spouses and at the same time in joint marital property in shares equivalent to the proportion of funds allocated from these properties for acquiring the item? The gloss presents the factual situation stated by the District Court and the outlooks presented by the doctrine referring to the perception of separate and joint marital property. Then, the most vital issues from the Supreme Court resolution and the consequences of this resolution are presented.
Zastosowanie doktryny „owoców drzewa zatrutego” na gruncie polskiej procedury cywilnej
Authors: Soroka Piotr , Korkuś-Soroka Magdalena 
Published: March 2020

Artykuł krótko opisuje, czym jest doktryna „owoców drzewa zatrutego” i w jaki sposób może ona wpływać na przebieg procesu cywilnego. Ukazanie tej problematyki na gruncie orzecznictwa pozwala sformułować istotne wnioski, które powinny uwzględniać sądy, w sytuacjach gdy strony próbują wprowadzić do procesu nielegalnie uzyskany dowód. Brak regulacji w tej materii powoduje, że lukę tę musi wypełnić orzecznictwo i doktryna. Application of the „fruits of the poisonous tree” doctrine in the Polish Civil ProcedurePolish civil procedure lacks a solution for evidence which was acquired by the parties illegally or in a manner which may stand in collision with good customs or with principles of social coexistence. The “fruit of the poisonous tree” doctrine has roots in criminal procedure but, on the other hand, it could be applied also in civil proceedings sadly, in Polish criminal procedure this doctrine is very limited. This article is a short presentation of the current views of Polish courts and jurisprudence on this matter, which are not consistent.
Role zawodowe w polskich podręcznikach do nauczania religii katolickiej w ujęciu krytyki genderowej na przykładzie podręczników wydawnictwa WAM
Authors: Woźniak Anna 
Published: March 2020

Professional roles in Polish Catholic religion textbooks from the perspective of gender criticism as exemplified by textbooks published by WAMIn the article the author examines eleven textbooks used in the teaching of the Catholic religion, from year one of primary school to year three of high school. She focuses on a gender analysis of professional roles presented in the textbooks in question. The professional roles presented in them are those of adults like teacher, doctor, priest, nun and children pupil, altar boy. Gender criticism is juxtaposed with the premises of Christian feminism as well as the Catholic Church’s personalist concept of upbringing.
Przyjemność seksualna pracownic agencji towarzyskich – definicje, warunki, konteksty
Authors: Ślęzak Izabela 
Published: March 2020

Sexual pleasure experienced by escort agencies’ female sex workers — definitions, conditions, contexts Subject matter of the article is the analysis of manners, which women providing sex services in escort agencies report they experience during commercial sex. Furthermore, the analysis was em­ployed in case of their definition of sexual pleasure in commercial as well as private sex life. Two reported manners of erotic sensations felt by sex workers during commercial sex can be differentiated. First, the feeling of denial that it is possible to feel pleasure in this context. Orgasm ex­perienced by escort agencies’ employees is presented as a myth developed for the clients’ needs. The second thing, the sex workers can and do feel sexual pleasure during meetings with clients. According to a part of the researched women, the denial that satisfying relations with clients do not take place is the myth. Both perspectives were compared with accounts of those women regarding their sex lives. An empirical basis for the article is posed by data collected within the scope of the qualitative research project carried out in escort agencies in Łódź.
Moda — czynnik determinujący czy wykluczający udział seniorów w rynku?
Authors: Mucha Monika 
Published: March 2020

Fashion: A factor determining or excluding the participation of seniors on the market? Fashion is an inseparable element of contemporary human life. In general, clothing choices are determined by age, gender and material factors. In terms of age, however, these decisions differ significantly, which is especially evident among the elderly. In consumer choices older consumers are usually guided by rationality. Seniors are currently a specific group of consumers on the market. On the one hand, they are marginalized because of their age and earnings, but on the other hand, it is a social group that begins to dominate the market, which in the near future will become a group of target recipients, including clothing products. When discussing fashion, there are also important characteristics of consumers that influence the fact of whether a given person is an active partici­pant on the market or is an individual excluded from it. The purpose of this article is to try to define fashion as a factor determining or excluding the participation of seniors in the market. The paper presents an analysis of secondary research and the results of pilot studies on the attitude of seniors in the context of fashion.