bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐analysis of the Levänluhta skeletal material: Sex and stature estimation of individuals in an Iron Age water burial in Finland
Authors: Maijanen Heli , Junno Juho‐Antti , Mannermaa Kristiina , Niskanen Markku , Wessman Anna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLevänluhta, an Iron Age water burial site in Finland, and its material consisting of commingled skeletal remains and artifacts, has been studied by several researchers over the past 100 years, resulting in multiple interpretations of the people and the site. Previous skeletal analyses have concluded that the majority of the individuals represented in the remains were females and children and were of relatively short stature, so possibly nutritionally deprived. This study re‐analyzed the commingled adult human remains with updated methods. The methods applied in this study to estimate sex and stature were based on more representative European reference samples than the previously applied methods. The methods included morphology, osteometrics, and computed tomography (CT) scans. Our results indicated that depending on the reference data, the majority of the individual adult bones including os coxae (73%, n = 45) and long bones (humerus 83%–89%, n = 52; radius 72%–89%, n = 47; ulna 50%–65%, n = 58; femur 92%–100%, n = 25; tibia 77%–85%, n = 26) were classified as females based on their size and morphology. The cross‐sectional bone properties of humerii, femora, and tibiae visualized using CT scanning also supported these findings. However, the cranial morphology did not show as clear female‐biased sex ratio as other methods (42% females, 33% males, 24% undetermined, n = 33). In females, the mean stature based on the tibia (155.3 cm, n = 10) was within the range of the coeval European females and did not necessarily indicate nutritional deprivation, which is in line with previously published stable isotope findings from the site. The mean stature based on the tibia suggested that the Levänluhta males were short (164.0 cm, n = 3), but final interpretations were limited due to the small number of male individuals. The current study affirmed that the Levänluhta skeletal assemblage was female biased and gave new insights into interpretation of the stature.
Synthesis of novel copolymer hybrid modifiers (MMA‐MAH‐MAPOSSandST‐MAH‐MAPOSS) based onPOSSnanoplatform and study on its thermal properties
Authors: Zhang Kezhen , Li Wenqing , Guang Shanyi , Xu Hongyao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMaleic anhydride is often used as a modifier to improve the thermal performance of the material due to its unique structure and properties. However, in order to meet higher demands, it is often imperative to have better heat resistance and thermal stability. Currently, the traditional method is physically blend inorganic nanoparticles to further improve thermal performance. Unfortunately, inorganic nanoparticles have a fatal problem in that they are not uniformly dispersed in the system, which severely limits their application. Here, we used organic–inorganic molecule, MAPOSS (methyl methacrylate‐based cage oligomeric silsesquioxane), to chemically modify the copolymer. And considering the unique structure of MAPOSS, we used two monomers with different polarities to study its influence on the thermal properties of the copolymerization system (MMA‐MAH‐MAPOSS and ST‐MAH‐MAPOSS), and discussed the interaction mechanism, respectively. As a result, MAPOSS introduced can not only be evenly distributed in the polymerization system via chemical bonding and physical interactions but also effectively improve the thermal stability and high‐temperature resistance of the polymers. Thereinto, the Tg of MMA‐MAH copolymer is increased to above 130°C, and the carbon residue rate is up to 7.3%. The carbon residue rate is increased to 15.6% without affecting the Tg of the ST‐MAH copolymer.
Translation and Validation of the Spanish Movement Imagery Questionnaire Revised Second Version (MIQ‐RS)
Authors: Cantalejo‐Fernández Mónica , Díaz‐Arribas María José , Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , Plaza‐Manzano Gustavo , Ríos‐León Marta , Martín‐Casas Patricia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMotor imagery, which emphasizes mental rehearsal of motor skills to improve function, is frequently used in clinical practice. Because of its increasing use, reliable and valid tools are necessary to evaluate motor imagery abilities. However, there are few questionnaires translated and validated into Spanish language.ObjectiveTo translate, transculturally adapt, and validate the Spanish version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire‐Revised Second Version (MIQ‐RS).DesignA single‐center observational study.SettingUniversity community.ParticipantsOne hundred fifty‐five healthy participants were recruited.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresSpanish translation of the MIQ‐RS and psychometric performances of the questionnaire were tested using concurrent‐criterion and content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and test‐rest reliability. Internal consistency, concurrent‐criterion validity, construct validity, and test‐rest reliability were assessed with Cronbach´s alpha, Spearman´s correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively.ResultsResults showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.90), test‐retest reliability (ICC for visual items = 0.844 and for kinesthetic items = 0.70) and content and criterion‐concurrent validity (Spearman´s correlation coefficient for visual items, 0.60 and for kinesthetic items, 0.81) of the MIQ‐RS Spanish version. The two‐factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Statistically significant gender differences were observed in mean kinesthetic motor imagery scores and in mean visual motor imagery scores according to sports practice. No significant differences for gender, age, and sports, musical, and dance practice were reported.ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the MIQ‐RS is a valid and reliable tool to assess motor imagery abilities in healthy young people.
A scoping review of measures used to assess body image in women with breast cancer
Authors: Brunet Jennifer , Price Jenson 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe emergence of body image studies in the oncology setting has led to the use of numerous measures to assess different dimensions of body image. The present study is a scoping review of the literature on body image in women with breast cancer to describe: measures used to assess body image in women with breast cancer, dimensions the measures used tap into, and gaps and issues needing attention going forward.MethodsThree databases were searched for peer‐reviewed original studies that had: (1) full‐texts available in English; (2) focused on women with breast cancer; and (3) assessed body image.ResultsThe search yielded 3,729 peer‐reviewed articles; after screening, 562 articles met inclusion criteria. Of the 88 measures used, 28 were used in more than two studies and analyzed herein. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Breast Cancer‐Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire constituted the most frequently used measure. Most measures used focused on the affective dimension of body image (n = 24/28, 85.7%), followed by the cognitive (n = 20/28, 71.4%), behavioral (n = 13/28, 46.4%), and perceptual dimensions (n = 13/28, 46.4%).ConclusionsThis review provides a current summary of measures used to assess body image in women with breast cancer. Although some further development and refinement of body image measures could benefit the field, depending on the questions researchers or clinicians seek to answer, there are many available for use. Future research should use these measures to assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving body image in women with breast cancer across the lifespan.
A decade's experience of pediatric lung abscess and empyema at a community hospital
Authors: Kanitra John J. , Thampy Chelsea A. , Cullen Marc L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiscussions on the diagnostic and management of acquired pediatric lung pathology are usually published by large tertiary children's hospitals. It is likely that much of this pathology is actually seen and managed in nonacademic practices.MethodsA 10‐year retrospective review of patients under 18‐years of age, treated for lung abscesses or empyema was performed.ResultsNineteen empyema and four lung abscesses were included. Presenting symptoms, workup, and management are reviewed. A unique subset (n = 4) of atypical pulmonary pathology is described. A 14‐year‐old with a vaping history and a lung abscess misdiagnosed as an empyema. A 15‐year‐old with primary pulmonary Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as a lung abscess and empyema. A 5‐year‐old with an empyema complicated by a bronchopleural fistula and a 21‐year‐old with autism and an acquired lung cyst.ConclusionOur dilemmas, experiences, and strategies in managing complex lung disease are generalized to community‐based practice.
High‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS): Focus on the m/z values estimated by the Savitzky–Golay first derivative
Authors: Boulet Jean‐Claude , Meudec Emmanuelle , Vallverdu‐Queralt Anna , Cheynier Véronique 
Published: January 2021

RationaleThe calculation of centroids from profile mass spectra is one of the very first steps in the processing of mass spectra. The output is a signal and a m/z value. We focus on the accuracy of the prediction of the centroids' m/z values.MethodsA calculation based on the Savizky–Golay algorithm was evaluated on an Orbitrap mass spectrum. Reference m/z values were identified manually. Experimental centroids were extracted (1) automatically using our algorithm or the MSconvert algorithm and (2) manually using the Xcalibur software from Thermo. The three series of experimental m/z values were compared with the reference m/z values.ResultsOur algorithm improved the determination of the m/z values compared with MSconvert. However, no improvement was observed over Xcalibur.ConclusionsOur algorithm improved the automatic estimation of m/z values in the profile‐to‐centroid calculation. This is of importance when the goal is to determine raw compositions from the experimental m/z values. Nevertheless, the algorithms led to almost the same m/z values on a higher resolution mass spectrum.
Field evaluation of a sing‐dose bivalent vaccine of porcine circovirus type 2b and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Authors: Yang Siyeon , Ahn Yongjun , Oh Taehwan , Cho Hyejean , Park Kee Hwan , Chae Chanhee 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe field efficacy of a bivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2b (PCV2b) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was evaluated on three pig farms.MethodsThree pig farms were used, two of which had a history of subclinical PCV2 and clinical M. hyopneumoniae infections between 84 and 126 days of age while concurrent porcine circovirus‐associated disease and clinical M. hyopneumoniae infection between 70 and 105 days of age. Each farm vaccinated pigs with a single dose of a bivalent vaccine at 10 days of age while unvaccinated pigs were administered a single dose of phosphate buffered‐saline at the same age.ResultsVaccination improved growth performance and reduced clinical scores significantly (p < .05) when compared with unvaccinated animals. The amount of PCV2d loads in blood and M. hyopneumoniae loads in nasal swabs of vaccinated animals were also significantly lower (p < .05) when compared with unvaccinated animals. Immunologically, vaccinated groups elicited a significantly higher (p < .05) level of protective immunity against PCV2d such as neutralizing antibodies and interferon‐γ secreting cells (IFN‐γ‐SC), as well as protective immunity against M. hyopneumoniae such as IFN‐γ‐SC when compared with unvaccinated animals. Pathologically, vaccination significantly lowered (p < .05) the scores of M. hyopneumoniae‐induced pneumonia and PCV2‐associated lymphoid lesions when compared with unvaccinated animals.ConclusionsThe evaluated bivalent vaccine provided good protection against PCV2d and M. hyopneumoniae infection under field conditions.
Biosensors Monitor Ligand-Selective Effects at Kappa Opioid Receptors
Authors: Oberhauser Lucie , Stoeber Miriam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe kappa opioid receptor (KOR) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for pain and itch treatment. There is growing interest in biased agonists that preferentially activate select signaling pathways downstream of KOR activation on the cellular level due to their therapeutic promise in retaining the analgesic and antipruritic effects and eliminating the sedative and dysphoric effects of KOR signaling on the physiological level. The concept of ligand-selective signaling includes that biased ligands promote KOR to selectively recruit one transducer or regulator protein over another, introducing bias into the signaling cascade at the very receptor-proximal level. Measuring agonist effects directly at the receptor has remained challenging and previous studies have focused on inferring agonist-selective KOR engagement with G protein relative to β-arrestin based on downstream signaling readouts. Here we discuss novel strategies to directly assess ligand-selective effects on receptor activation using KOR-interacting biosensors. The conformation-specific cytoplasmic biosensors are disconnected from the endogenous signaling machinery and provide a direct receptor-proxy readout of ligand effects in living cells. Receptor–biosensor interaction is ligand concentration dependent and can be used to determine relative ligand potency and efficacy. In addition, the biosensors reveal the existence of two dimensions of agonist bias in the cellular context: Firstly, agonists can selectively produce discrete protein-engaged KOR states and secondly, agonists can differ in the precise subcellular location at which they activate KOR. We discuss the value and the limitations of using orthogonal receptor-interacting biosensors in the quest to understand functional selectivity amongst KOR agonists in the cellular context.
The cosmological bootstrap: weight-shifting operators and scalar seeds
Authors: Baumann Daniel , Pueyo Carlos Duaso , Joyce Austin , Lee Hayden , Pimentel Guilherme L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A key insight of the bootstrap approach to cosmological correlations is the fact that all correlators of slow-roll inflation can be reduced to a unique building block — the four-point function of conformally coupled scalars, arising from the exchange of a massive scalar. Correlators corresponding to the exchange of particles with spin are then obtained by applying a spin-raising operator to the scalar-exchange solution. Similarly, the correlators of massless external fields can be derived by acting with a suitable weight-raising operator. In this paper, we present a systematic and highly streamlined derivation of these operators (and their generalizations) using tools of conformal field theory. Our results greatly simplify the theoretical foundations of the cosmological bootstrap program.
Freeze-in dark matter from secret neutrino interactions
Authors: Du Yong , Huang Fei , Li Hao-Lin , Yu Jiang-Hao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigate a simplified freeze-in dark-matter model in which the dark matter only interacts with the standard-model neutrinos via a light scalar. The extremely small coupling for the freeze-in mechanism is naturally realized in several neutrino-portal scenarios with the secret neutrino interactions. We study possible evolution history of the hidden sector: the dark sector would undergo pure freeze-in production if the interactions between the dark-sector particles are negligible, while thermal equilibrium within the dark sector could occur if the reannihilation of the dark matter and the scalar mediator is rapid enough. We investigate the relic abundance in the freeze-in and dark freeze-out regimes, calculate evolution of the dark temperature, and study its phenomenological aspects on BBN and CMB constraints, the indirect-detection signature, as well as the potential to solve the small scale structure problem.
Migration from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer: swelling effect of food simulants compared to real foods
Authors: Guazzotti Valeria , Ebert Annika , Gruner Anita , Welle Frank 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMaterials and articles made of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) intended for contact with food must comply with the requirements of the European Plastic Regulation (EU) 10/2011, which lays down the food simulants and the time/temperature conditions to be applied for migration testing. Previous studies indicated that high concentrations of ethanol at temperatures above ambient may lead to swelling of ABS polymers resulting in increased migration. In this study migration kinetic data for a set of model substances at different temperatures were obtained using both food simulants stipulated in EU regulations and real food (milk, cream and olive oil). At the same time, the extent of polymer swelling was gravimetrically characterized after contact with simulants and different foods tested at several conditions to cover the majority of foreseeable applications of ABS. The obtained results confirmed that the use of high concentrations of ethanol–water, especially at high temperatures, causes the swelling of ABS polymers and results in significantly higher migration values compared to the tested foods as well as Tenax®. None of the real foods studied cause significant swelling of ABS. The widely used simulant 95% (v/v) aqueous ethanol proves not be suitable for compliance testing of ABS under the recommended conditions of Regulation (EU) 10/2011. Swelling of the polymer results in artificially higher diffusion coefficients or lower activation energies of diffusion. Migration prediction using polymer-specific diffusion parameters should therefore be considered to avoid over-conservative risk assessment for food contact materials and articles made of ABS.
The draft of the Regulation (EC) No 852/2004: food safety culture under new administration
Authors: Lopp Sigune , Goebelbecker Joel M. , Ruff Patrick C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe current draft of Regulation (EC) 852/2004 promotes a food safety culture as a general principle. The various stakeholders evaluate this planned new development quite differently. While this is very welcome from a scientific point of view, there are still considerable objections from stakeholders of the area for implementation and monitoring. The challenge is how to integrate the principles into industry, and to measure and verify their effectiveness. In this article, the dimensions of food safety culture are illustrated, and an evaluation system is outlined.
QTL controlling fiber quality traits under salt stress in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Guo An-hui , Su Ying , Huang Yi , Wang Yu-mei , Nie Hu-shuai , Zhao Nan , Hua Jin-ping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKey messageQTL for fiber quality traits under salt stress discerned candidate genes controlling fatty acid metabolism.AbstractSalinity stress seriously affects plant growth and limits agricultural productivity of crop plants. To dissect the genetic basis of response to salinity stress, a recombinant inbred line population was developed to compare fiber quality in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) under salt stress and normal conditions. Based on three datasets of (1) salt stress, (2) normal growth, and (3) the difference value between salt stress and normal conditions, 51, 70, and 53 QTL were mapped, respectively. Three QTL for fiber length (FL) (qFL-Chr1-1, qFL-Chr5-5, and qFL-Chr24-4)were detected under both salt and normal conditions and explained 4.26%, 9.38%, and 3.87% of average phenotypic variation, respectively. Seven genes within intervals of two stable QTL (qFL-Chr1-1andqFL-Chr5-5) were highly expressed in lines with extreme long fiber. A total of 35 QTL clusters comprised of 107 QTL were located on 18 chromosomes and exhibited pleiotropic effects. Thereinto, two clusters were responsible for improving five fiber quality traits, and 6 influenced FL and fiber strength (FS). The QTL with positive effect for fiber length exhibited active effects on fatty acid synthesis and elongation, but the ones with negative effect played passive roles on fatty acid degradation under salt stress.
Identifying new variation at the J locus, previously identified as e6, in long juvenile ‘Paranagoiana’ soybean
Authors: Nissan Nour , Cober Elroy R. , Sadowski Michael , Charette Martin , Golshani Ashkan , Samanfar Bahram 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Key message
A previously identified soybean maturity locus, E6, is discovered to be J, with the long juvenile allele in Paranagoiana now deemed j−x.

Abstract
Soybean grown at latitudes of ~20° or lower can produce lower grain yields due to the short days. This limitation can be overcome by using the long juvenile trait (LJ) which delays flowering under short day conditions. Two LJ loci have been mapped to the same location on Gm04, J and E6. The objective of this research was to investigate the e6 allele in ‘Paranagoiana’ and determine if E6 and J are the same locus or linked loci. KASP markers showed that e6 lines did not have the j−1 allele of LJ PI 159925. A population fixed for E1 but segregating for E6, with e6 introgressed from Paranagoiana, showed single gene control for flowering and maturity under short days. Sequencing Glyma.04G050200, the J gene, with long amplification Taq found that the e6 line ‘Paranagoiana’ contains a Ty1-copia retrotransposon of ~10,000 bp, inserted within exon 4. PCR amplification of the cDNA of Glyma.04G050200 also showed differences between the mRNA sequences (presence of insertion in j−x). Hence, we conclude that the loci E6 and J are one locus and deem this new variation found in Paranagoiana as j−x.
Monocular 3D reconstruction of sail flying shape using passive markers
Authors: Maciel Luiz , Marroquim Ricardo , Vieira Marcelo , Ribeiro Kevyn , Alho Alexandre 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present a method to recover the 3D flying shape of a sail using passive markers. In the navigation and naval architecture domain, retrieving the sail shape may be of immense value to confirm or contest simulation results, and to aid the design of new optimal sails. Our acquisition setup is very simple and low-cost, as it is only necessary to fix a series of printable markers on the sail and register the flying shape in real sailing conditions from a side vessel with a single camera. We reconstruct the average sail shape during an interval where the sailor maintains the sail as stable as possible. The average is further improved by a Bundle Adjustment algorithm. We tested our method in a real sailing scenario and present promising results. Quantitatively, we show the precision in regards to the reconstructed markers area and the reprojected points. Qualitatively, we present feedback from domain experts who evaluated our results and confirmed the usefulness and quality of the reconstructed shape.