bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global burden of psoriasis – comparison of regional and global epidemiology, 1990 to 2017
Authors: AlQassimi Sarah , AlBrashdi Safiya , Galadari Hassan , Hashim Muhammad Jawad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a common disease that has not only cutaneous manifestations but also causes significant systemic illness and disability. Most epidemiological studies on the burden of psoriasis that are available in literature are regional, and thus a detailed description of the worldwide burden of psoriasis is warranted.MethodsWe analyzed the prevalence, incidence, disability adjusted life years (DALY), and years lived with disability (YLD) related to psoriasis for the period 1990 to 2017, from the Global Burden of Disease dataset (developed by the Institute of Health Metrics, University of Washington). We also searched the PubMed MEDLINE for quality of life and economic burden of psoriasis for a comprehensive evaluation of the burden of psoriasis.ResultsIn 2017, the global age‐standardized prevalence rate of psoriasis was 811 per 100,000 population, approximating to 0.84% of world population or about 64.6 million individuals. The incidence of new cases increased from 92 per 100,000 in 1990 to 99 in 2017. The highest rates were recorded in North America and Western Europe, while the lowest rates were found in Asia and Western Pacific regions. The age distribution shows a rising rate of incidence from the second decade, peaking at 55–60 years. Women are slightly more likely to be affected.ConclusionsThe global incidence of psoriasis has been rising over the last three decades. The burden of the economic and psychosocial suffering caused by psoriasis calls for resource allocation and a multidisciplinary approach to address this common medical condition.Key MessageThe prevalence, incidence, and the burden of suffering caused by psoriasis have been rising over the past 17 years, despite efforts at improving diagnosis and treatment.
The application of telehealth to remote and rural Australians with chronic neurological conditions
Authors: Le Sammy , Aggarwal Arun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chronic disease in rural and remote regions endure limited access to specialised medicine. Telehealth has addressed this issue with demonstrable benefits such as a reduction in costs to patients.AimsTo explore the patient satisfaction of telehealth in Australia.MethodsPatients from all around Australia, including Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, Australian Capital Territory and even Western Australia were referred to a Sydney‐based neurologist. After their initial face to face consultation, review consultations were performed by telehealth. All had chronic diseases (trigeminal neuralgia, facial pain or Parkinson disease) and received a standardised questionnaire comprising of demographics, satisfaction of technical aspects and quality of the consultation. The questionnaires were administered by the Practice Manager to remove observer bias.ResultsTwenty‐nine patient questionnaires were completed by 13 patients who had follow‐up telehealth consultations. One hundred per cent of patients reported satisfaction with the overall telehealth experience and would use it again. All were satisfied with the specialist and the privacy. The majority were satisfied with the voice quality (86%), visual quality (79%), ease of connectivity (93%) and length of the consultation (97%). In total, they saved nearly $17 000 in travel costs and on average, each patient avoided 937 km and saved $550.ConclusionTelehealth has proven to have multiple advantages, including improved access to healthcare, decreased costs, reduced inconvenience and improved management of chronic and complex conditions. The positive results advocate the use of telehealth for follow up of rural and remote patients with chronic disease.
Erzhu Qinggan Jiedu Recipe improves the clinical outcome of hepatocellular cancer after surgical resection: a case–control retrospective study
Authors: Cheng Yang , Ni Saisai , Chen Yiyun , Ling Qihua , Chen Jianjie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study retrospectively reviewed the recurrence rate and survival time of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after treatment with Erzhu Qinggan Jiedu Recipe (ESQJR), explored the impact of Chinese medicine in reducing tumour recurrence and prolonging survival time, and explored an effective prevention treatment for the recurrence of HCC.AimTo explore the impact of Chinese medicine in reducing tumor recurrence and prolonging survival time, and explore an effective prevention treatment for the recurrence of HCC.MethodsA total of 137 patients who underwent HCC resection from May 2004 to January 2018 was included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups, with 68 patients in the Western medicine group and 69 patients in the Western medicine plus ESQJR group. The relapse rate, overall survival period, and disease‐free survival period before and after treatment were analysed. Indices including alpha‐fetoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and Karnofsky performance score were obtained for analysis and comparison.ResultsThere was no significant difference among patient clinical parameters between the two groups. Compared with the Western medicine group, the Western medicine plus ESQJR group had a reduced cumulative recurrence rate, prolonged overall survival time and disease‐free survival time and improved clinical symptoms, including quality of life and liver function.ConclusionESQJR effectively improved long‐term survival in resected HCC patients. ESQJR has the potential to be used as an adjuvant therapy with significant beneficial effects for treating HCC.
Prospective cohort study of influenza vaccine effectiveness among healthcare personnel in Lima, Peru: Estudio Vacuna de Influenza Peru, 2016‐2018
Authors: Wesley Meredith G. , Soto Giselle , Arriola Carmen Sofia , Gonzales Miriam , Newes‐Adeyi Gabriella , Romero Candice , Veguilla Vic , Levine Min Z. , Silva Maria , Ferdinands Jill M. , Dawood Fatimah S. , Reynolds Sue B. , Hirsch Avital , Katz Mark , Matos Eduardo , Ticona Eduardo , Castro Juan , Castillo Maria , Bravo Eduar , Cheung Angela , Phadnis Rachel , Martin Emily Toth , Tinoco Yeny , Neyra Quijandria Joan Manuel , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Thompson Mark G. ,   the VIP Cohort Study Working Group
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Estudio Vacuna de Influenza Peru (VIP) cohort aims to describe the frequency of influenza virus infection, identify predictors of vaccine acceptance, examine the effects of repeated influenza vaccination on immunogenicity, and evaluate influenza vaccine effectiveness among HCP.MethodsThe VIP cohort prospectively followed HCP in Lima, Peru, during the 2016‐2018 influenza seasons; a fourth year is ongoing. Participants contribute blood samples before and after the influenza season and after influenza vaccination (for vaccinees). Weekly surveillance is conducted to identify acute respiratory or febrile illnesses (ARFI). When an ARFI is identified, participants self‐collect nasal swabs that are tested for influenza viruses by real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Influenza vaccination status and 5‐year vaccination history are ascertained. We analyzed recruitment and enrollment results for 2016‐2018 and surveillance participation for 2016‐2017.ResultsIn the first 3 years of the cohort, VIP successfully contacted 92% of potential participants, enrolled 76% of eligible HCP, and retained >90% of participants across years. About half of participants are medical assistants (54%), and most provide “hands‐on” medical care (76%). Sixty‐nine percent and 52% of participants completed surveillance for >70% of weeks in years 1 and 2, respectively. Fewer weeks of completed surveillance was associated with older age (≥50 years), being a medical assistant, self‐rated health of fair or poor, and not receiving the influenza vaccine during the current season (P‐values < .05).ConclusionsThe VIP cohort provides an opportunity to address knowledge gaps about influenza virus infection, vaccination uptake, effectiveness and immunogenicity among HCP.
New‐onset intrinsic and paced QRS morphology of right bundle branch block pattern after atrioventricular nodal ablation: Longitudinal dissociation or anatomical bifurcation?
Authors: Wu Shengjie , Su Lan , Zheng Rujie , Xu Lei , Huang Weijian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe performed left bundle pacing combined with atrioventricular nodal (AVN) ablation in a patient with persistent atrial fibrillation and refractory symptomatic heart failure. The major findings were new‐onset intrinsic and paced QRS morphology of right bundle branch block (RBBB) pattern after AVN ablation which was performed at a more atrial site compared with the pacing site and the paced RBBB pattern could not be corrected regardless of the pacing output. Longitudinal dissociation cannot explain this observation, while anatomical separation could. We also confirm this was proximal left bundle pacing rather than His bundle pacing.
Practitioner Review: Effectiveness of indicated school‐based interventions for adolescent depression and anxiety – a meta‐analytic review
Authors: Gee Brioney , Reynolds Shirley , Carroll Ben , Orchard Faith , Clarke Tim , Martin David , Wilson Jon , Pass Laura 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundInterest in delivering psychological interventions within schools to facilitate early intervention is increasing. However, most reviews have focused on universal or preventative programmes rather than interventions designed to decrease existing symptoms of depression or anxiety. This paper aims to provide a meta‐analytic review of randomised controlled trials of indicated psychological interventions for young people aged 10–19 with elevated symptoms of depression and/or anxiety.MethodsEight electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to April 2019 for eligible trials. Study quality was assessed using two scales designed to evaluate psychotherapy intervention trials. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted separately for trials that recruited participants based on symptoms of depression and based on symptoms of anxiety.ResultsData from 45 trials were analysed. Most interventions studied used cognitive and behavioural strategies. Few studies met methodological quality criteria, but effect size was not associated with study quality. Indicated school‐based interventions had a small effect on reducing depression symptoms (SMD = .34, 95% CI −0.48, −0.21) and a medium effect on reducing anxiety symptoms (SMD = −.49, 95% CI −0.79, −0.19) immediately postintervention. Subgroup analyses indicated that interventions delivered by internal school staff did not have significant effects on symptoms. Reductions in depression were maintained at short‐term (≤6 months) but not medium (>6 months ≤ 12) or long‐term (>12‐month) follow‐up. Reductions in anxiety symptoms were not maintained at any follow‐up.ConclusionsIndicated school‐based interventions are effective at reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents immediately postintervention but there is little evidence that these reductions are maintained. Interventions delivered by school staff are not supported by the current evidence base. Further high‐quality randomised controlled trials incorporating assessment of longer‐term outcomes are needed to justify increased investment in school‐based interventions for adolescent depression and anxiety.
Mucosal concentrations of N‐acetyl‐5‐aminosalicylic acid related to endoscopic activity in ulcerative colitis patients with mesalamine
Authors: Fukuda Tomohiro , Naganuma Makoto , Takabayashi Kaoru , Hagihara Yuya , Tanemoto Shun , Nomura Ena , Yoshimatsu Yusuke , Sugimoto Shinya , Nanki Kosaku , Mizuno Shinta , Mikami Yohei , Fukuhara Kayoko , Sujino Tomohisa , Mutaguchi Makoto , Inoue Nagamu , Ogata Haruhiko , Iwao Yasushi , Abe Takayuki , Kanai Takanori 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and Aim5‐Aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) is a fundamental treatment for mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). 5‐ASA is taken up into the colonic mucosa and metabolized to N‐acetyl‐5‐ASA (Ac‐5‐ASA). Few studies have assessed whether mucosal 5‐ASA and Ac‐5‐ASA concentrations are associated with endoscopic remission. This study aimed to investigate differences in 5‐ASA and Ac‐5‐ASA concentrations according to endoscopic activity.MethodsThis single‐center, prospective, cross‐sectional study was conducted between March 2018 and February 2019. UC patients who were administered with 5‐ASA medication for at least 8 weeks before sigmoidoscopy were enrolled. Mucosal 5‐ASA and Ac‐5‐ASA concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The primary endpoint was defined as the difference in mucosal concentrations of 5‐ASA and Ac‐5‐ASA, according to the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES).ResultsMucosal concentrations were analyzed in 50 patients. In the sigmoid colon, the median 5‐ASA concentration in patients with MES of 0 (17.3 ng/mg) was significantly higher than MES ≥ 1 (6.4 ng/mg) (P = 0.019). The median 5‐ASA concentrations in patients with Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity ≤ 1 (16.4 ng/mg) were also significantly higher than in patients with Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity ≥ 2 (4.63 ng/mg) (P = 0.047). In the sigmoid colon, the concentration of Ac‐5‐ASA was higher in patients with MES of 0 (21.2 ng/mg) than in patients with MES ≥ 1 (5.81 ng/mg) (P = 0.022).ConclusionsThe present study showed that mucosal Ac‐5‐ASA concentrations, as well as 5‐ASA concentrations, are higher in UC patients with endoscopic remission. Ac‐5‐ASA may be useful for a biomarker of 5‐ASA efficacy.
Depression Symptoms and Cognitive Test Performance in Older American Indians: The Strong Heart Study
Authors: Suchy‐Dicey Astrid , Verney Steven P. , Nelson Lonnie A. , Barbosa‐Leiker Celestina , Howard Barbara A. , Crane Paul K. , Buchwald Dedra S. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUNDAmerican Indians have excess risk of depression, which can contribute to cerebrovascular and cognitive disability, with effects on memory, processing speed, executive function, and visuospatial ability. However, studies examining depression and cognition in American Indians are limited; this study aims to report associations of depression with general cognition, verbal fluency and memory, and processing speed.DESIGNCohort study.SETTINGThe Cerebrovascular Disease and its Consequences in American Indians study was an ancillary examination of Strong Heart Study participants from 3 U.S. regions.PARTICIPANTSAll eligible were included in this analysis (N=818).MEASUREMENTSParticipants completed evaluations for depressive symptomology, cognition, and physical function—including Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD), Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination (3MSE), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Fourth Edition coding (WAIS), Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA), California Verbal and Learning Test, Halstead finger tapping, grip strength, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) tests. Linear mixed models were adjusted for site, age, sex, education, income, marital status, alcohol, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cholesterol, stroke, infarct, and hemorrhage.RESULTSSymptoms of depression were common, with 20% (N=138) endorsing CES‐D scores of 16+. More depressive symptoms were associated with older age, female sex, lower education, lower income, non‐married status, not using alcohol, not smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke. In adjusted analyses, processing speed (WAIS: β −0.13, 95%CI −0.25, −0.03), general cognition (3MSE: β −0.10, 95%CI −0.17, −0.03), verbal fluency (COWA: β −0.10, 95%CI −0.19, −0.01), and motor function (SPPB: β −0.05, 95%CI −0.07, −0.03) were significantly associated with more symptoms of depression.CONCLUSIONThese findings maybe informative for health disparities populations, especially those with depressive risk. Clinicians may require particular training in cultural humility. Future studies should validate use of the CES‐D scale in this population; longitudinal studies may focus on causal mechanisms and potential secondary prevention, such as social support. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1739‐1747, 2020.
Identification and characterization of long non‐coding RNAs as competing endogenous RNAs in the cold stress response of Triticum aestivum
Authors: Lu Q. , Xu Q. , Guo F. , Lv Y. , Song C. , Feng M. , Yu J. , Zhang D. , Cang J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in plant development and stress responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in transcriptional and post‐transcriptional gene regulation. It is not clear how lncRNA‐mediated plant responses to cold stress and how lncRNAs, miRNAs and target mRNAs cooperate subject to the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA).

We interpreted the function of lncRNAs in the winter wheat cultivar Dongnongdongmai 1 (Dn1). A total of 9970 putative lncRNAs were initially identified from three Dn1 lncRNA libraries (5 °C, −10 °C and −25 °C) using high‐throughput sequencing.

Among the 14,626 genes detected via weighted gene co‐expression network analysis, 7435 lncRNAs were co‐expressed with 7191 mRNAs. We found six modules related to cold resistance in the lncRNA–mRNA weighted co‐expression network, and the functions of mRNAs were similar in each module. Antioxidant systems and hormones played important roles in low‐temperature responses. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that interactions between the 384 lncRNAs and 70 miRNAs were required for ceRNA activity. According to ceRNA activity, 225 lncRNAs, 60 miRNAs and 621 target mRNAs were involved in the regulatory networks of the cold stress response. Notably, a conserved region was found in the complementary regions of lncRNAs and miR164/408 but had reverse expression trends in the ceRNA network.

Our results reveal possible roles of lncRNAs–mRNAs in the regulatory networks associated with tolerance to low temperature and provide useful information for more strategic use of genomic resources in wheat breeding.
Two Ways To Convert a Low-Affinity Potassium Channel to High Affinity: Control of Bacillus subtilis KtrCD by Glutamate
Authors: Krüger Larissa , Herzberg Christina , Warneke Robert , Poehlein Anja , Stautz Janina , Weiß Martin , Daniel Rolf , Hänelt Inga , Stülke Jörg 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Potassium and glutamate are the major cation and anion, respectively, in every living cell. Due to the high concentrations of both ions, the cytoplasm of all cells can be regarded as a potassium glutamate solution. This implies that the concentrations of both ions need to be balanced. While the control of potassium uptake by glutamate is well established for eukaryotic cells, much less is known about the mechanisms that link potassium homeostasis to glutamate availability in bacteria. Here, we have discovered that the availability of glutamate strongly decreases the minimal external potassium concentration required for the highly abundant Bacillus subtilis potassium channel KtrCD to accumulate potassium. In contrast, the inducible KtrAB and KimA potassium uptake systems have high apparent affinities for potassium even in the absence of glutamate. Experiments with mutant strains revealed that the KtrD subunit responds to the presence of glutamate. For full activity, KtrD synergistically requires the presence of the regulatory subunit KtrC and of glutamate. The analysis of suppressor mutants of a strain that has KtrCD as the only potassium uptake system and that experiences severe potassium starvation identified a mutation in the ion selectivity filter of KtrD (Gly282 to Val) that similarly results in a strongly glutamate-independent increase of the apparent affinity for potassium. Thus, this work has identified two conditions that increase the apparent affinity of KtrCD for potassium, i.e., external glutamate and the acquisition of a single point mutation in KtrD.
IMPORTANCE In each living cell, potassium is required for maintaining the intracellular pH and for the activity of essential enzymes. Like most other bacteria, Bacillus subtilis possesses multiple low- and high-affinity potassium uptake systems. Their activity is regulated by the second messenger cyclic di-AMP. Moreover, the pools of the most abundant ions potassium and glutamate must be balanced. We report two conditions under which the low-affinity potassium channel KtrCD is able to mediate potassium uptake at low external potassium concentrations: physiologically, the presence of glutamate results in a severely increased potassium uptake. Moreover, this is achieved by a mutation affecting the selectivity filter of the KtrD channel. These results highlight the integration between potassium and glutamate homeostasis in bacteria.
Place-of-death preferences among patients with cancer and family caregivers in inpatient and outpatient palliative care
Authors: Vidal Marieberta , Rodriguez-Nunez Alfredo , Hui David , Allo Julio , Williams Janet L , Park Minjeong , Liu Diane , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveMeeting the preferences of patients is considered an important palliative care outcome. Prior studies reported that more than 80% of patients with terminally ill cancer prefer to die at home. The purpose of this study was to determine place-of-death preference among palliative care patients in the outpatient centre and the palliative care unit (PCU) of a comprehensive cancer centre.MethodsA cross-sectional anonymous questionnaire was administered to patients with advanced cancer and caregivers (PCU and outpatient centre) between August 2012 and September 2014. PCU patients responded when there was no delirium and the primary caregiver responded when the patient was unable to respond. In the case of outpatients, dyads were assessed. The survey was repeated 1 month later.ResultsOverall, 65% preferred home death. There was less preference for home death among PCU patients (58%) than among outpatients (72%). Patient and caregiver agreement regarding preferred place of death for home was 86%. After 1 month, outpatients were significantly more likely than PCU patients to have the same preferred place of death as they had 1 month earlier (96% vs 83%; p=0.003).ConclusionsAlthough home was the preferred place of death in our group of patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers, a substantial minority preferred hospital death or had no preference. We speculate that PCU patients’ higher preference for hospital death is likely related to more severe distress because they had already tried home care. Personalised assessment of place of death preference for both patient and caregiver is needed.