bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination and climatology of the diurnal cycle of the atmospheric mixing layer height over Beijing 2013–2018: lidar measurements and implications for air pollution
Authors: Wang Haofei , Li Zhengqiang , Lv Yang , Zhang Ying , Xu Hua , Guo Jianping , Goloub Philippe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The atmospheric mixing layer height (MLH) determines the
space in which pollutants diffuse and is thus conducive to the estimation of
the pollutant concentration near the surface. The study evaluates the
capability of lidar to describe the evolution of the atmospheric mixing layer
and then presents a long-term observed climatology of the MLH diurnal cycle.
Detection of the mixing layer heights (MLHL and MLHL′) using
the wavelet method based on lidar observations was conducted from January 2013 to
December 2018 in the Beijing urban area. The two dataset results are
compared with radiosonde as case studies and statistical forms. MLHL
shows good performance in calculating the convective layer height in the daytime
and the residual layer height at night. While MLHL′ has the potential to describe the stable layer height at night, the performance is limited due to the high range gate of lidar. A nearly 6-year
climatology for the diurnal cycle of the MLH is calculated for convective and stable
conditions using the dataset of MLHL from lidar. The daily maximum
MLHL characteristics of seasonal change in Beijing indicate that it is
low in winter (1.404±0.751 km) and autumn (1.445±0.837 km)
and high in spring (1.647±0.754 km) and summer (1.526±0.581 km). A significant phenomenon is found from 2014 to 2018: the magnitude
of the diurnal cycle of MLHL increases year by year, with peak values of
1.291±0.646 km, 1.435±0.755 km, 1.577±0.739 km,
1.597±0.701 km and 1.629±0.751 km, respectively. It may
partly benefit from the improvement of air quality. As to converting the
column optical depth to surface pollution, the calculated PM2.5
using MLHL data from lidar shows better accuracy than that from
radiosonde compared with observational PM2.5. Additionally, the
accuracy of calculated PM2.5 using MLHL shows a diurnal cycle in
the daytime, with the peak at 14:00 LST. The study provides a
significant dataset of MLHL based on measurements and could be an
effective reference for atmospheric models of surface air pollution
calculation and analysis.
Using a composite flow law to model deformation in the NEEM deep ice core, Greenland – Part 2: The role of grain size and premelting on ice deformation at high homologous temperature
Authors: Kuiper Ernst-Jan N. , de Bresser Johannes H. P. , Drury Martyn R. , Eichler Jan , Pennock Gill M. , Weikusat Ilka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The ice microstructure in the lower part of the North
Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core consists of relatively fine-grained ice with a single maximum crystallographic preferred orientation
(CPO) alternated by much coarser-grained ice with a partial (great circle)
girdle or multi-maxima CPO. In this study, the grain-size-sensitive (GSS)
composite flow law of Goldsby and Kohlstedt (2001) was used to study the
effects of grain size and premelting (liquid-like layer along the grain
boundaries) on strain rate in the lower part of the NEEM ice core. The
results show that the strain rates predicted in the fine-grained layers are
about an order of magnitude higher than in the much coarser-grained layers.
The dominant deformation mechanisms, based on the flow relation of Goldsby
and Kohlstedt (2001), between the layers is also different, with basal slip
rate limited by grain boundary sliding (GBS-limited creep) being the
dominant deformation mechanism in the finer-grained layers, while
GBS-limited creep and dislocation creep (basal slip rate limited by
non-basal slip) contribute both roughly equally to bulk strain in the coarse-grained layers. Due to the large difference in microstructure between finer-grained ice and the coarse-grained ice at premelting temperatures
(T>262 K), it is expected that the fine-grained layers deform at
high strain rates, while the coarse-grained layers are relatively stagnant.
The difference in microstructure, and consequently in viscosity, between
impurity-rich and low-impurity ice can have important consequences for ice
dynamics close to the bedrock.
Learning from What Color Experiences Are Good For
Authors: Jackson Frank ,   The Harvard Review of Philosophy
Published: July 2020

Color is an incredibly controversial topic. Here is a sample of views taken seriously: colors are dispositions to look coloured; colors are physical properties of surfaces or of light; colors are properties of certain mental states, which get projected onto the surfaces of objects or onto reflected or transmitted light; colors are an illusion; colors are sui generis. One hopes to break the impasse by finding a compelling starting point—one drawing on obvious points that are common ground—which naturally evolves into the theory of color one likes. I start with remarks about the utility of having mental states with a phenomenology, remarks which are, I urge, non-controversial. I develop them into the theory of color I favor. According to it, colors are properties of objects as objective as their shapes. The final section explains how the theory handles the best argument for subjectivism about color.
Revision of the stygobiont gastropod genera Plagigeyeria Tomlin, 1930 and Travunijana Grego & Glöer, 2019 (Mollusca; Gastropoda; Moitessieriidae and Hydrobiidae) in Hercegovina and adjacent regions
Authors: GREGO Jozef 
Published: July 2020

The genus Plagigeyeria Tomlin, 1930 is one of the most typical elements representing the stygobiont fauna in the southern Dinaric Alps. In the current study I present the territory of Hercegovina (and its adjacent regions of Bjelašnica and the Dalmatian coast containing transboundary aquifers) as one of the two main biodiversity hotspots for distribution of the genus. It is comparable with the species radiation of Plagigeyeria in the Kotor Bay–Skadar Lake Basin area. My study of the karst springs and caves revealed, besides the presently known species, twelve new Plagigeyeria taxa detected in so-far uninvestigated karstic aquifers: Plagigeyeria erossi sp. nov., P. ljutaensis sp. nov., P. konjicensis sp. nov., P. pseudocostellina sp. nov., P. reischuetzorum sp. nov., P. olsavskyi sp. nov., P. listicaensis sp. nov., P. ozimeci sp. nov., P. jakabi sp. nov., P. angyaldorkae sp. nov., P. vriosticaensis sp. nov. and P. lewarnei sp. nov. Closer shell morphology investigation supported by the protoconch morphology revealed a presence of another genus within the former Plagigeyeria complex. The following taxa are transferred herein to Travunijana Glöer & Grego, 2019: Plagigeyeria robusta Schütt, 1959, P. robusta asculpta Schütt, 1972, P. ovalis Kuščer, 1933, P. edlaueri Schütt, 1961, P. klemmi Schütt, 1961, P. nitida Schütt, 1963, P. angelovi Schütt, 1972 and P. tribunicae Schütt, 1963, plus a new species, Travunijana gloeri sp. nov., is described for the genus. Distribution maps of both genera, Plagigeyeria and Travunijana, over the karst aquifers of Hercegovina and adjacent regions are presented with respect to the hydrogeological separation of the known spring karst conduits and aquifers.
Un modèle d’accompagnement du développement pédagogique et organisationnel pour soutenir la mise en oeuvre d’un modèle de réponse à l’intervention
Authors: Guay Marie-Hélène , Gagnon Brigitte 
Published: July 2020

Dans le présent article, nous présentons un modèle d’accompagnement du développement pédagogique et organisationnel pour soutenir la mise en oeuvre d’un modèle de la réponse à l’intervention (RàI). Ce cadre a été utilisé dans le déploiement des ressources pour appuyer l’apprentissage du langage oral et écrit au préscolaire/premier cycle du primaire dans deux commissions scolaires au Québec. Ses origines, sa nature, ses finalités et des actions fondamentales pour le mettre en oeuvre sont détaillées. Enfin, des pistes de réflexion sont proposées à l’intention des gestionnaires en éducation pour guider leurs décisions et leurs actions.
48-Hour Hospice Home Immersion Encourages Osteopathic Medical Students to Broaden Their Views on Dying and Death
Authors: Gugliucci Marilyn R. , Padmanabhan Divya L. , Silberstein Emily B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To augment learning about interprofessional palliative and end-of-life care, the University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine immersed 2 second-year osteopathic medical students in an 18-bed acute care hospice home in Scarborough, Maine, for 48 hours. The students worked with an interprofessional staff and independently to provide patient care, family support, and postmortem care. For data collection, students wrote in journals before the immersion experience (prefieldwork), while living in the hospice home (fieldwork), and for 10 days following the immersion experience (postfieldwork). The students recorded their subjective and objective reporting of observations, experiences, feelings, and patient/family encounters. Data analyses included a review of the journals, identifying thematic categorizations, and coding through content analysis. Three themes identified in the students’ journals reflected shared experiences: (1) shifting perspectives, (2) path to family acceptance, and (3) emotional journey. The students learned how to converse with patients and families about end-of-life care while ensuring attainment of patients’ goals. They also learned about the importance of helping patients enjoy life's simple pleasures like taking them outside to enjoy the sunshine, and they learned to trust themselves when handling emotional and difficult situations. Each student gained confidence in her ability to help guide patients through this stage of life.
Report on 7 Years’ Experience Implementing an Undergraduate Medical Curriculum for Osteopathic Medical Students Using Entrustable Professional Activities
Authors: Reynolds Tristan S. , Frothingham Christopher , Carreiro Jane E. , Branda Angela , Schuenke Mark D. , Tucker Kerry L. , Daly Frank , Willard Frank H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Calls for changes in undergraduate medical education and the advent of the single graduate medical education accreditation system have challenged the osteopathic medical profession to maintain its identity and distinctiveness while adapting to innovations. For the osteopathic medical profession to thrive, its colleges must provide students with an educational framework that solidifies their osteopathic identity. The authors developed an integrated anatomy-clinical skills course at the University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Osteopathic Clinical Skills, that used the performance benchmarks of the Entrustable Professional Activities and the Osteopathic Core Competencies for Medical Students from the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine. A primary tenet of osteopathic medicine is the relationship of structure and function; Osteopathic Clinical Skills fuses anatomical sciences with clinical skills and underscores this tenet in clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article describes the development and implementation of an educational framework that integrates anatomy, physical examination, history taking, and other clinical skills with osteopathic medicine principles and practice and osteopathic manipulative treatment.
An analysis of the perceived causes leading to task-failure in resistance-exercises
Authors: Emanuel Aviv , Rozen Smukas Isaac Isur , Halperin Israel 
Published: July 2020

Background
While reaching task-failure in resistance-exercises is a topic that attracts scientific and applied interest, the underlying perceived reasons leading to task-failure remain underexplored. Here, we examined the reasons subjects attribute to task-failure as they performed resistance-exercises using different loads.

Methods
Twenty-two resistance-trained subjects (11-females) completed one Repetition-Maximum (RM) tests in the barbell squat and bench-press. Then, in the next two counterbalanced sessions, subjects performed two sets to task-failure in both exercises, using either 70% or 83% of 1RM. Approximately 30 seconds after set-completion, subjects verbally reported the reasons they perceived to have caused them to reach task-failure. Their answers were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. The differences between the frequencies of the identified categories were then tested using a mixed logistic regression model.

Results
The most commonly reported reason was muscle fatigue (54%, p < 0.001), mostly of the target muscles involved in each exercise. However, remote muscles involved to a lesser extent in each exercise were also reported. Approximately half of the remaining reasons included general fatigue (26%), pain (12%), cardiovascular strain (11%), and negative affect (10%), with the latter three reported more often in the squat (p = 0.022).

Conclusions
In contrast to our expectations, task-failure was perceived to be caused by a range of limiting factors other than fatigue of the target muscles. It now remains to be establishedwhether different perceived limiting factors of resistance-exercises lead to different adaptations, such as muscular strength and hypertrophy.
Ocular Morbidity Pattern and Presentation among Residence of a Semi-Urban Community in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Chinawa N. E. , Odogu V. K. , Ezeh E. I. , Anyiam F. E. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Ocular diseases vary in different parts of the world and are influenced by racial, geographic, socioeconomic and cultural factors. The common ocular diseases worldwide are cataract, glaucoma, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, uveitis, refractive errors, pterygium.
Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in Rumuokwuta community in Rivers state. Socio-demographic and clinical presentation information was obtained from an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Distant visual acuity was assessed at 6 m with the Snellen’s chart while near vision assessment was at 33 cm with a Sussex vision R near vision chart. External eye examination was with pen touch while fundoscopy was with direct Ophthalmoscope. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v20. Using descriptive statistics, categorical variables were presented in the form of frequencies and percentages (%) and summary statistics in means and standard deviations (SD). Using inferential statistics, the Chi-Square (X2) test of significance was used to associate categorical variables and a p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 114 subjects were examined.The mean age was 41.41± 15.49 years. The male to female ratio was 2:3. About 70.5% and 76.2% respectively in Right Eye and Left Eye had normal vision better than 6/18, while 27.1% and 21.9% respectively in Right Eye and Left Eye had a low vision (VA between 6/18 and 6/60). About 2.6% in either eye were blind. The three most common ocular conditions were Glaucoma (13.95%), Refractive error (13.02%) and Presbyopia (12.56%).
Conclusion: The commonest cause of Ocular morbidity in this study are glaucoma, refractive error and presbyopia. The age distribution of a study area was a significantly associated factor in the frequency of visual impairment and blindness.
Immediate Effects of Altered Auditory Feedback on Associated Motor Behaviors of People Who Stutter
Authors: Kyriakou Kyriaki , Seal Brenda 
Published: July 2020

Aims: This investigation explored the immediate effects of an altered auditory feedback device on motor behaviors associated with stuttering in monologue and conversation with and without the device and it also investigated the effects of an AAF device on stuttering frequency.
Methods: Fifteen adults with a diagnosis of stuttering and exhibited associated motor behaviors participated in this study. The author analyzed associated motor behaviors by type and frequency and statistically compared associated motor behaviors per frequency of stuttering events during monologue and conversation with and without an altered auditory feedback device.
Results: An analysis of associated motor behaviors during monologue and conversation with and without altered auditory feedback showed a predominance of associated motor behaviors involving the eyes, head, lips and hands. Altered auditory feedback significantly reduced the overall frequency of these four behaviors in monologue and conversation. Altered auditory feedback also decreased the frequency of associated motor behaviors per stuttering event in both monologue and conversation. An analysis of effect sizes associated with the statistical results revealed a larger magnitude of effect on reducing the frequency of associated motor behaviors than on reducing associated motor behaviors per stuttering event in the altered auditory feedback condition. Additionally, the Pearson correlation test designated the following positive correlations between the percentage of syllables stuttered and AMBs (r=.76 and r=.74) and percentage of syllables stuttered and AMBs per stuttering event (r=.56 and r=.41 in monologue and conversation respectively).
Conclusions: People who exhibit motor behaviors associated with their stuttering may more confidently and frequently use an altered auditory feedback device to decrease the associated motor behaviors of their stuttering in order to more easily communicate and socialize and consequently improve the quality of their life.
Serum Levels of Adenosine Deaminase and Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Singh Yengkhom Upen , Noarem Sangeeta , Devi Potsangbam Jenny , Kshetrimayum Victoria , Marbaniang Racheal Sweet , Debbarma Uma , Singh Ksh. Birendra , Singh Maisnam Amuba 
Published: July 2020

Aim: To estimate the levels of serum adenosine deaminase and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects and to find the correlation between serum adenosine deaminase and serum insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Study Design: Case-control study.
Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur between October 2017 to September 2019.
Methodology: 40 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from the Medicine Outpatient Department, RIMS and 40 healthy controls of age and sex-matched were recruited from those who came for a routine health check-up. Serum adenosine deaminase was measured by the calorimetry method and serum insulin was measured by ELISA method. The data were analyzed using statistical tools like Chi-square test, Independent sample t-test, Pearson’s Correlation through SPSS 21.0.
Results: Mean serum adenosine deaminase was (38.97±8.853)U/L in cases and (20.05±5.309)U/L in controls and it was statistically significant (P<0.001). Mean serum insulin in cases was found to be (18.09±5.554) μIU whereas in controls, it was (9.06±2.509) μIU which is statistically significant (p<0.001). Serum adenosine deaminase and insulin were found to be positively correlated to each other (r= 0.956, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Serum adenosine deaminase and serum insulin were significantly increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus and positively correlated to each other. Serum adenosine deaminase may be used as a prognostic marker for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A Novel Green Synthesis Method of Poly (3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) Catalyzed by Treated Bentonite
Authors: Embarek Nadia , Sahli Nabahat 
Published: July 2020

The present work focuses on the preparation and characterization of poly(3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) (PGPTMS) under mild conditions. Ring-opening polymerization of the 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) is initiated with the bentonite of Maghnite-H+ (Mag-H+), an ecologic and low-cost catalyst. The evolution of epoxy ring-opening was studied in bulk and in solution using CH2Cl2 as solvent, as well as the influences of several factors such as the amount of Mag-H+, polymerization time and temperature on the yield of polymer were investigated. The best polymer yield (30 %) was obtained in bulk polymerization at room temperature (20 °C) for a reaction time 8 h, and it’s increases with time and reaches 68 % for 7 days. The structures of the obtained polymers (PGPTMS) were confirmed respectively by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The thermal properties of the prepared polymers were given by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the Tg of PGPTMS is recorded at -31.27 °C, and it is thermally stable with a degradation start temperature greater than 300 °C, all decomposition stopped at 600 °C. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
One-Pot Access to Diverse Functionalized Pyran Annulated Heterocyclic Systems Using SCMNPs@BPy-SO3H as a Novel Magnetic Nanocatalyst
Authors: Chen Ke , He Guangzu , Tang Qiong , Yousif Qahtan A. 
Published: July 2020

The SCMNPs@BPy-SO3H catalyst was prepared and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Afterwards, its capability was efficiently used to promote the one-pot, three-component synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole and 2-amino-3-cyano-pyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5(4H)-one derivatives. The strategy resulted in the desired products with excellent yields and short reaction times. The SCMNPs@BPy-SO3H catalyst was readily recovered using a permanent magnetic field and it was reused in six runs with a slight decrease in catalytic activity. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexanol to Cyclohexanone Over Nitrogen-doped Graphene supported Cu catalyst
Authors: Mageed Alyaa. K. , Radiah Dayang A. B. , Salmiaton A. , Izhar Shamsul , Razak Musab Abdul , Ayodele Bamidele Victor 
Published: July 2020

In this study, the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone over nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) Cu catalyst has been reported. The N-rGO support was synthesized by chemical reduction of graphite oxide (GO). The synthesized N-rGO was used as a support to prepare the Cu/N-rGO catalyst via an incipient wet impregnation method. The as-prepared support and the Cu/N-rGO catalyst were characterized by FESEM, EDX, XRD, TEM, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy. The various characterization analysis revealed the suitability of the Cu/N-rGO as a heterogeneous catalyst that can be employed for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone. The catalytic activity of the Cu/N-rGO catalyst was tested in non-oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone using a stainless-steel fixed bed reactor. The effects of temperature, reactant flow rate, and time-on-stream on the activity of the Cu/N-rGO catalyst were examined. The Cu/N-rGO nanosheets show excellent catalytic activity and selectivity to cyclohexanone. The formation of stable Cu nanoparticles on N-rGO support interaction and segregation of Cu were crucial factors for the catalytic activity. The highest cyclohexanol conversion and selectivity of 93.3% and 82.7%, respectively, were obtained at a reaction temperature of 270 °C and cyclohexanol feed rate of 0.1 ml/min. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).