bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketamine for rapid sequence intubation in adult trauma patients: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Baekgaard Josefine S. , Eskesen Trine G. , Moo Lee Jae , Ikast Ottosen Camilla , Bennett Gyldenkærne Katrine , Garoussian Jasmin , Ejlersgaard Christensen Rasmus , Sillesen Martin , King David R. , Velmahos George C. , Rasmussen Lars S. , Steinmetz Jacob 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundIn the trauma population, ketamine is commonly used during rapid sequence induction. However, as ketamine has been associated with important side effects, this study sought to compare in‐hospital mortality in trauma patients after induction with ketamine versus other induction agents.MethodsWe retrospectively identified adult trauma patients intubated in the pre‐hospital phase or initially in the trauma bay at two urban level‐1 trauma centers during a 2‐year period using local trauma registries and medical records. In‐hospital mortality was compared for patients intubated with ketamine versus other agents using logistic regression with adjustment for age, gender, Injury Severity Score (ISS), systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mm Hg, and pre‐hospital Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score.ResultsA total of 343 trauma patients were included with a median ISS of 25 [17‐34]. The most frequently used induction agents were ketamine (36%) and propofol (36%) followed by etomidate (9%) and midazolam (5%). There was no difference in ISS or the presence of SBP <90 mm Hg according to the agent of choice, but the pre‐hospital GCS score was higher for patients intubated with ketamine (median 8 vs 5, P = .001). The mortality for patients intubated with ketamine was 18% vs 27% for patients intubated with other agents (P = .14). This remained statistically insignificant in the multivariable logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 0.68 [0.33‐1.41], P = .30).ConclusionsWe found no statistically significant difference in mortality among patients intubated in the initial phase post‐trauma with the use of ketamine compared with other agents (propofol, etomidate, or midazolam).
An experimental study on the effects of gamified cooperation and competition on English vocabulary learning
Authors: Dindar Muhterem , Ren Lei , Järvenoja Hanna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGamification has become a popular approach to blending learning with fun and enjoyable experiences. However, gamification research has been criticized for mostly focusing on game mechanics and related outcomes while paying little attention to the psychological processes that mediate the relationship between these mechanics and outcomes. Furthermore, the majority of existing gamification studies have focused on competitive game features. Thus, the full potential of cooperative gamification has yet to be explored. Given this background, the current study compared how gamified cooperation and competition impact task effort, learning achievement, motivation and social relatedness in English vocabulary learning with a mobile application. The study utilized Social Interdependence Theory to explicate the psychological processes in gamified cooperation and competition. 75 participants were randomly assigned to either the gamified cooperation or the gamified competition condition and studied English vocabulary for 14 days. No difference was observed between the conditions regarding task effort, learning achievement and motivation. However, social relatedness in the gamified cooperation group was significantly higher than in the gamified competition group. The current findings emphasize that the positive influence of gamified cooperation on creating meaningful connections amongst learners should not be ignored, even though it facilitates similar learning and motivational outcomes as gamified competition.
Aldolase A promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition to increase malignant potentials of cervical adenocarcinoma
Authors: Saito Yuki , Takasawa Akira , Takasawa Kumi , Aoyama Tomoyuki , Akimoto Taishi , Ota Misaki , Magara Kazufumi , Murata Masaki , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Hasegawa Tadashi , Sawada Norimasa , Saito Tsuyoshi , Osanai Makoto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that metabolic reprogramming is closely associated with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) during cancer progression. Aldolase A (ALDOA) is a key glycolytic enzyme that is highly expressed in several types of cancer. In this study, we found that ALDOA is highly expressed in uterine cervical adenocarcinoma and that high ALDOA expression promotes EMT to increase malignant potentials, such as metastasis and invasiveness, in cervical adenocarcinoma cells. In human surgical specimens, ALDOA was highly expressed in cervical adenocarcinoma and high ALDOA expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular infiltration, and short overall survival. Suppression of ALDOA expression significantly reduced cell growth, migration, and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells. Aldolase A expression was partially regulated by hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). Shotgun proteome analysis revealed that cell‐cell adhesion‐related proteins were significantly increased in ALDOA‐overexpressing cells. Interestingly, overexpression of ALDOA caused severe morphological changes, including a cuboidal‐to‐spindle shape shift and reduced microvilli formation, coincident with modulation of the expression of typical EMT‐related proteins. Overexpression of ALDOA increased migration and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of ALDOA induced HIF‐1α, suggesting a positive feedback loop between ALDOA and HIF‐1α. In conclusion, ALDOA is overexpressed in cervical adenocarcinoma and contributes to malignant potentials of tumor cells through modulation of HIF‐1α signaling. The feedback loop between ALDOA and HIF‐1α could become a therapeutic target to improve the prognosis of this malignancy.
The impact of interventions in the global land and agri‐food sectors on Nature’s Contributions to People and the UN Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: McElwee Pamela , Calvin Katherine , Campbell Donovan , Cherubini Francesco , Grassi Giacomo , Korotkov Vladimir , Le Hoang Anh , Lwasa Shuaib , Nkem Johnson , Nkonya Ephraim , Saigusa Nobuko , Soussana Jean‐Francois , Taboada Miguel Angel , Manning Frances , Nampanzira Dorothy , Smith Pete 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInterlocked challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation require transformative interventions in the land management and food production sectors to reduce carbon emissions, strengthen adaptive capacity, and increase food security. However, deciding which interventions to pursue and understanding their relative co‐benefits with and trade‐offs against different social and environmental goals have been difficult without comparisons across a range of possible actions. This study examined 40 different options, implemented through land management, value chains, or risk management, for their relative impacts across 18 Nature's Contributions to People (NCPs) and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that a relatively small number of interventions show positive synergies with both SDGs and NCPs with no significant adverse trade‐offs; these include improved cropland management, improved grazing land management, improved livestock management, agroforestry, integrated water management, increased soil organic carbon content, reduced soil erosion, salinization, and compaction, fire management, reduced landslides and hazards, reduced pollution, reduced post‐harvest losses, improved energy use in food systems, and disaster risk management. Several interventions show potentially significant negative impacts on both SDGs and NCPs; these include bioenergy and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, afforestation, and some risk sharing measures, like commercial crop insurance. Our results demonstrate that a better understanding of co‐benefits and trade‐offs of different policy approaches can help decision‐makers choose the more effective, or at the very minimum, more benign interventions for implementation.
Ultrasound examination for the detection of simulated periapical bone lesions in bovine mandibles: an ex vivo study
Authors: Musu D. , Cadeddu Dessalvi C. , Shemesh H. , Frenda M.G. , Mercuro G. , Cotti E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound examination (USE) for the detection of artificial bone defects in bovine mandibles in the absence of complete erosion of the cortical bone plate and to determine the minimum cortical thickness that constitutes a barrier for ultrasound waves.Methodology Sixty bovine mandibular anatomical blocks were harvested and uniformly distributed amongst six experimental groups. The negative control consisted of blocks with no intra‐bony defects, whereas the positive control consisted of blocks with an artificial lesion of 2 mm diameter that perforated the buccal cortical bone plate. Two experimental groups comprised blocks with small (2 mm) and large (5 mm) artificial defects created under a cortical plate thinned to varying thicknesses. Two additional groups had small (2 mm) and large (5 mm) artificial defects that did not involve the cortical plate. After USE, the scans were saved and submitted to three blinded examiners. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) were analysed. The significance of the findings (P < 0.05) was appraised using the chi‐square statistics with the Yates correction, whilst the intra‐ and inter‐examiner agreements were evaluated through Kappa statistics.ResultsUSE was associated with high sensitivity (97.3%) and negative predictive value (89%), and a perfect score for specificity and positive predictive value. The ROC curve analysis revealed an accuracy of 97.8%. The k‐values were 0.86 and 0.89 for the first and second examinations, respectively, demonstrating very high inter‐observer agreement. The intra‐observer agreement was also high (k‐value = 0.92). A significant correlation between the echographic diagnosis and the presence or absence of artificial intraosseous lesions in the anatomical blocks of bovine mandibles was observed (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsUSE was highly accurate and reliable for the detection of artificial lesions within bovine mandibles, regardless of the thickness or presence of the cortical plate.
Cavotricuspid isthmus line in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation with or without history of typical atrial flutter: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Romero Jorge , Patel Kavisha , Briceno David , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Gabr Mohamed , Diaz Juan C. , Alviz Isabella , Polanco Dalvert , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Mohanty Prasant , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Trivedi Chintan , Natale Andrea , Di Biase Luigi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the mainstay of catheter ablation (CA) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). However, for persistent and long‐standing persistent AF, there are no established strategies to improve the success rate of CA. Despite studies indicating that prophylactic cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation provides no or limited incremental benefit in patients with AF, it is still routinely performed worldwide.ObjectiveWe sought to examine whether CTI ablation for AF is associated with improvement in recurrence of all‐atrial arrhythmias, compared with PVI alone in patients with and without typical atrial flutter (AFL).MethodsA systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase was performed for clinical studies including AF patients, reporting outcomes of CTI + PVI versus PVI alone. The primary efficacy endpoint was recurrence of all‐atrial arrhythmias.ResultsFive studies comprising 1400 patients undergoing CTI + PVI versus PVI alone were included; 1110 patients had AF without AFL, and 290 patients had coexistent AF and AFL. After a mean follow‐up of 14.4 ± 4.8 months, CTI + PVI was not associated with improvement in recurrence of all‐atrial arrhythmias when compared with PVI alone (risk ratio [RR]: 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93–1.79;p = .13). In the subgroup analysis, there were no differences between both groups in patients with AF without AFL (RR: 1.55; 95% CI: 0.96–2.48; p = .07), and in patients with AF and AFL (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.6–1.39; p = .68).ConclusionIn AF patients, irrespective of the presence of typical AFL, additional CTI ablation is not associated with improvement in recurrence of all‐atrial arrhythmias, compared with PVI alone.
Exploring the Impacts of Racial Disparity Within the American Juvenile Justice System
Authors: Dragomir Renne Rodriguez , Tadros Eman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe racial disparity in the American juvenile justice system impacts the lives of many youth of color. Youth of color constitute 34% of the U.S. population, however, they make up 62% of the youth charged in the juvenile justice system. The cycle of racial inequality and imprisonment are factors influenced by residential segregation and policing practices. Juvenile justice involvement leads to poorer physical and mental health in youth, stymied social outcomes, poorer familial relationships, decreased graduation and employment rates, increased rates in violence, and long‐term negative future outcomes. The article advocates for mental health treatment and family services to be incorporated within incarcerated settings. Clinical strategies and future direction are discussed to begin to combat these various adverse impacts.
Effects of flexible sacrum positions during the second stage of labour on maternal and neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zang Yu , Lu Hong , Zhao Yang , Huang Jing , Ren Lihua , Li Xia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo assess the effects of flexible sacrum positions on mode of delivery, duration of the second stage of labour, perineal trauma, postpartum haemorrhage, maternal pain, abnormal foetal heart rate patterns and Apgar scores based on published literature.BackgroundMaternal positions served as a nonmedical intervention may facilitate optimal maternal and neonatal outcomes during labour. Flexible sacrum positions are conducive to expanding pelvic outlet. Whether flexible sacrum positions have positive effects on maternal and neonatal well‐being is a controversial issue under heated discussion.DesignWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis based on PRISMA guidelines.MethodsRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any flexible sacrum position with non‐flexible sacrum position in the second stage of labour were included. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), SinoMed and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to 11 March 2019 for published RCTs. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane criteria, and random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted by RevMan 5.3.ResultsSixteen studies (3,397 women) published in English were included. Flexible sacrum positions in the second stage of labour could reduce the incidence of operative delivery, instrumental vaginal delivery, caesarean section, episiotomy, severe perineal trauma, severe pain and shorten the duration of active pushing phase in the second stage of labour. However, flexible sacrum positions may increase the incidence of mild perineal trauma. There was no significant difference in the duration of the second stage of labour, maternal satisfaction and other outcomes.ConclusionsFlexible sacrum positions are superior in promoting maternal well‐being during childbirth. However, several results require careful interpretation. More rigorous original studies are needed to further explore their effects.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results support the use of flexible sacrum positions. Flexible sacrum positions are recommended to apply flexibly or tailor to individual woman's labour progress.
A safe level of alcohol consumption: the right answer demands the right question
Authors: Mukamal K. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlcohol has been produced by humans for nearly ten millennia, but gold‐standard evidence by which to judge the health effects of limited alcohol consumption remains elusive, introducing serious difficulty in considering the safety of alcohol consumption. To do so, physicians and policymakers must consider the population, dose and context of alcohol consumption and the end‐point, preferably a holistic composite, of interest. The limitations of new research trends, such as mega‐cohorts, genetic instrumental variable analysis and modelling studies, must also be viewed against the much larger backdrop of existing evidence. Some existing guidelines, such as the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, succeed remarkably in this task. Nonetheless, large‐scale randomized trials are urgently needed if future generations are to enjoy any greater insight into the health effects of population‐wide alcohol consumption than the current one has.
When to sell an asset amid anxiety about drawdowns
Authors: Rodosthenous Neofytos , Zhang Hongzhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider risk‐averse investors with different levels of anxiety about asset price drawdowns. The latter is defined as the distance of the current price away from its best performance since inception. These drawdowns can increase either continuously or by jumps, and will contribute toward the investor's overall impatience when breaching the investor's private tolerance level. We investigate the unusual reactions of investors when aiming to sell an asset under such adverse market conditions. Mathematically, we study the optimal stopping of the utility of an asset sale with a random discounting that captures the investor's overall impatience. The random discounting is given by the cumulative amount of time spent by the drawdowns in an undesirable high region, fine‐tuned by the investor's personal tolerance and anxiety about drawdowns. We prove that in addition to the traditional take‐profit sales, the real‐life employed stop‐loss orders and trailing stops may become part of the optimal selling strategy, depending on different personal characteristics. This paper thus provides insights on the effect of anxiety and its distinction with traditional risk aversion on decision making.
Candidaemia in haematological malignancy patients from a SEIFEM study: Epidemiological patterns according to antifungal prophylaxis
Authors: Posteraro Brunella , De Carolis Elena , Criscuolo Marianna , Ballanti Stelvio , De Angelis Giulia , Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Delia Mario , Fracchiolla Nicola , Marchesi Francesco , Nadali Gianpaolo , Picardi Marco , Piccioni Anna Lina , Verga Luisa , Candoni Anna , Busca Alessandro , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Pagano Livio ,   the SEIFEM group
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCandidaemia is an important infectious complication for haematological malignancy patients. Antifungal prophylaxis reduces the incidence of candidaemia but may be associated with breakthrough candidaemia.ObjectiveTo analyse the Candida species’ distribution and relative antifungal susceptibility profiles of candidaemia episodes in relation to the use of antifungal prophylaxis among Italian SEIFEM haematology centres.MethodologyThis multicentre retrospective observational SEIFEM study included 133 single‐species candidaemia episodes of haematological malignancy patients for whom antifungal susceptibility testing results of blood Candida isolates were available between 2011 and 2015. Each participating centre provided both clinical and microbiological data.ResultsNon‐Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species were the mostly isolated species (89, 66.9%), which accounted for C parapsilosis (35, 26.3%), C glabrata (16, 12.0%), C krusei (14, 10.5%), C tropicalis (13, 9.8%) and uncommon species (11, 8.3%). C albicans caused the remaining 44 (33.1%) episodes. Excluding 2 C albicans isolates, 23 of 25 fluconazole‐resistant isolates were NCAC species (14 C krusei, 6 C glabrata, 2 C parapsilosis and 1 C tropicalis). Fifty‐six (42.1%) of 133 patients developed breakthrough candidaemia. Systemic antifungal prophylaxis consisted of azoles, especially fluconazole and posaconazole, in 50 (89.3%) of 56 patients in whom a breakthrough candidaemia occurred. Interestingly, all these patients tended to develop a C krusei infection (10/56, P = .02) or a fluconazole‐resistant isolate’s infection (14/50, P = .04) compared to patients (4/77 and 10/77, respectively) who did not have a breakthrough candidaemia.ConclusionsOptimisation of prophylactic strategies is necessary to limit the occurrence of breakthrough candidaemia and, importantly, the emergence of fluconazole‐resistant NCAC isolates’ infections in haematological malignancy patients.
Evidence of soil‐located competition as the cause of the reduction of sunflower verticillium wilt by entomopathogenic fungi
Authors: Miranda‐Fuentes Pedro , García‐Carneros Ana Belén , Montilla‐Carmona Ana María , Molinero‐Ruiz Leire 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe increasing limitation of agrochemicals for disease control is a major challenge for European agriculture and a spur to developing environmentally friendly approaches such as biological control. Entomopathogenic fungi, which have been used in the control of insect pests for a long time, also have other uses, such as being antagonists of fungi, including plant pathogens. We determined the in vitro effect of three strains of Metarhizium brunneum and two of Beauveria bassiana against Verticillium dahliae and Cadophora helianthi, causal agents of sunflower wilts. Both M. brunneum and B. bassiana were able to inhibit the mycelial growth of the sunflower pathogens and, according to the dual culture and microscopy results, two types of antagonism were observed as being dependent on the strain: competition and/or antibiosis. Greenhouse experiments showed that, after soil treatments with entomopathogens and plant inoculation by root immersion in conidial suspensions of V. dahliae, the entomopathogens were able to efficiently persist in the soil, and three of the four strains even significantly reduced the severity of symptoms in sunflowers. Interestingly, molecular analysis showed that all the strains were able to establish themselves as endophytes in sunflowers in the absence of V. dahliae. When the plants were inoculated with V. dahliae, we detected the pathogen, but not the entomopathogen, in the sunflowers by molecular methods. The results of this work suggest that the protection conferred by M. brunneum and B. bassiana against verticillium wilt might not be plant‐located, but is probably the consequence of their competition with V. dahliae in the soil.
COVID‐19 and Finance: Market Developments So Far and Potential Impacts on the Financial Sector and Centres
Authors: Wójcik Dariusz , Ioannou Stefanos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper offers an informed commentary on the actual and potential impacts of the pandemic on financial markets, sector and centres, grounded in literature on financial centres, the state‐finance nexus, and trends affecting the landscape of finance since the global financial crisis. We expect a slowdown in new financial regulation, continued firm‐level consolidation, and a continued rise of business services related to finance. The application of new financial technologies is likely to accelerate, affecting retail banking in particular, but will not necessarily be led by FinTech firms. Local and regional financial centres are likely to face larger challenges than leading international centres. As the panic and partial recovery in financial markets in March and April 2020 highlighted the significance of the international monetary hierarchy, with the US$ in the lead, a radical shift of financial power to Asia seems unlikely.