bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Typologies of illicit drug use in mid‐adulthood: a quasi‐longitudinal latent class analysis in a community‐based sample of twins
Authors: Dash Genevieve F. , Martin Nicholas G. , Agrawal Arpana , Lynskey Michael T. , Slutske Wendy S. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTAimsTo identify drug use typologies based on substances used and persistence of use over two time points, use a genetically informed design to explore twin concordance of and genetic influence on the use typologies and compare patterns of declined/discontinued (“desistant”) and persistent drug use on drug use correlates.DesignLatent class analysis was applied to data from a cross‐sectional self‐report survey on current and past drug use. Use characteristics, use disorder, and psychiatric problems were compared across classes.SettingComputer‐assisted telephone interview in respondents' homes.ParticipantsA total of 3785 individual twins and siblings (1365 men, 2420 women; Mage = 32) from the Australian Twin Registry Cohort III.MeasurementsA comprehensive interview assessed prior to past year and past year use of cannabis, stimulants, cocaine/crack, hallucinogens, opioids, sedatives, inhalants, dissociatives, and solvents; age of first use; opportunity to use; peer drug use; attention deficit/hyperactivity, conduct, antisocial personality, depressive, and substance use disorders; and suicidality.FindingsA five‐class solution emerged: no/low use (50%), desistant cannabis use (23%), desistant party drug use (18%), persistent prescription drug misuse (4%), and persistent polydrug use (5%). Twin concordances were higher among monozygotic (k = 0.30–0.35) than dizygotic pairs (same‐sex k = 0.19–0.20; opposite sex k = 0.07), and biometric modeling suggested that the persistent polydrug use class, in particular, was highly heritable (a2 = 0.94). Conduct disorder (OR = 2.40), antisocial personality disorder (OR = 3.27), and suicidal ideation (OR = 1.98) increased persistent polydrug use risk; depression (OR = 2.38) and lifetime suicide attempt (OR = 2.31) increased persistent prescription misuse risk. Relative to persistent prescription drug misuse, persistent polydrug use was associated with higher rates of cannabis and stimulant use disorder (OR = 6.14–28.01), younger first substance use (OR = 0.82–0.83), more drug use opportunity (OR = 10.66–66.06), and more drug‐using peers (OR = 4.66–9.20).ConclusionsUnique patterns of declined/discontinued (“desistant”) and persistent drug use are differentially heritable and differentially associated with risk factors, psychiatric symptoms, and substance use disorder outcomes.
User pathways of e‐cigarette use to support long term tobacco smoking relapse prevention: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Notley Caitlin , Ward Emma , Dawkins Lynne , Holland Richard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsE‐cigarettes are the most popular consumer choice for support with smoking cessation in the United Kingdom. However, there are concerns that long‐term e‐cigarette use may sustain concurrent tobacco smoking or lead to relapse to smoking in ex‐smokers. We aimed to explore vaping trajectories, establishing e‐cigarette users' perspectives on continued e‐cigarette use in relation to smoking relapse or abstinence.DesignQualitative longitudinal study collecting detailed subjective data at baseline and ~12 months later.SettingUnited Kingdom.ParticipantsE‐cigarette users (n = 37) who self‐reported that they had used e‐cigarettes to stop smoking at baseline.MeasurementsSemi‐structured qualitative interviews (face‐to‐face or telephone) collected self‐reported patterns of e‐cigarette use. Thematic analysis of transcripts and a mapping approach of individual pathways enabled exploration of self‐reported experiences, motives, resources, and environmental and social influences on vaping and any concurrent tobacco smoking.FindingsThree broad participant pathways were identified: ‘maintainer’ (e‐cigarette use and not smoking), ‘abstainer’ (neither smoking nor using e‐cigarettes), and ‘relapser’ (dual‐using, or relapsed back to tobacco smoking only). In each pathway, individual experiences with vaping nicotine appeared to play an important role and appeared to be related to psychological and social factors. A social context supportive of vaping was important for the maintainers, as was a belief in the need to overcome nicotine addiction for the abstainers, and dislike of the ‘vaping culture’ expressed by some in the relapser group. Dual‐users held beliefs such as a need for cigarettes at time of acute stress that affirmed dependence on tobacco.ConclusionsIn a sample of UK e‐cigarette users who report having used e‐cigarettes to quit smoking, a social context that supports continued vaping was perceived to be helpful in preventing relapse to smoking.
Psychosocial interventions for reducing alcohol consumption in sub‐Saharan African settings: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sileo Katelyn M. , Miller Amanda P. , Wagman Jennifer A. , Kiene Susan M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHarmful alcohol use is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sub‐Saharan Africa (sSA); however, the effects of non‐pharmacological alcohol interventions in this region are unknown.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of the available literature through 14 March 2019 was undertaken. Two authors extracted and reconciled relevant data and assessed risk of bias. Meta‐analyses were conducted. The review protocol is registered on International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42019094509).SettingStudies conducted in sSA were eligible for inclusion.ParticipantsIndividuals participating in interventions aimed at reducing alcohol use.InterventionsRandomized and non‐randomized controlled trials testing non‐pharmacological interventions (psychosocial and structural) on alcohol consumption in sSA.MeasurementsEligible outcomes included the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores; alcohol abstinence; measures of drinking quantity and frequency; and biomarkers of alcohol consumption.FindingsNineteen intervention trials (18 reports) testing psychosocial interventions (no structural interventions included), judged of moderate quality, were included in meta‐analyses. A beneficial effect was identified for psychosocial interventions on alcohol abstinence at 3–6 months [odds ratio (OR) = 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–3.48, k = 5, n = 2312, I2 = 79%] and 12–60 months (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.40–2.61, k = 6, n = 2737, I2 = 63%) follow‐up. There were no statistically significant effects found for AUDIT score [2–3 months: mean differences (MD) = −1.13, 95% CI = −2.60 to 0.34, k = 6, n = 992, I2 = 85%; 6 months: MD = −0.83, 95% CI = −1.92 to 0.26, k = 6, n = 1081, I2 = 69%; 12 months: MD = −0.15, 95% CI = −1.66 to 1.36, k = 4; n = 677; I2 = 75%], drinks per drinking day (3 months: MD = –0.22, 95% CI = −2.51 to 2.07, k = 2, n = 359, I2 = 82%; 6–36 months: MD = −0.09, 95% CI = −0.49 to 0.30, k = 3, n = 1450, I2 = 60%) or percentage of drinking days (3 months: MD = −4.60, 95% = −21.14 to 11.94; k = 2; n = 361; I2 = 90%; 6–9 months: MD = 1.96, 95% CI = −6.54 to 10.46; k = 2; n = 818; I2 = 88%).ConclusionPsychosocial interventions show promise at increasing self‐reported alcohol abstinence in sSA, but clinical, methodological and statistical heterogeneity across meta‐analytical outcomes suggests that results should be interpreted with caution.
Structural remodelling of the heart valves extracellular matrix during embryo development
Authors: Falla Zuñiga Luis Felipe , Muñoz Cerón Yhoiss Smiht , Salazar Liliana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlterations in heart valve development represent more than 20% of congenital cardiovascular malformations. Most of the functional properties of heart valves depend on extracellular matrix. Despite its relevance, little is known about fibrillar components on developing stages. Our objective is to define histological changes on valves fibrillar components in late embryonic development of Mus musculus. We found type III collagen as the predominant fibre type in the ECM in prenatal stages followed by a switch to a type I predominance for postnatal ages. The change in fibrillar components is necessary to support the normal mechanical function of adult heart valves.
Does thyroid autoimmunity affect the reproductive outcome in women with thyroid autoimmunity undergoing assisted reproductive technology?
Authors: He Qiaohua , Zhang Yujing , Qiu Wenyi , Fan Jingjing , Zhang Cuilian , Kwak‐Kim Joanne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProblemOur study aims to investigate whether the anti‐thyroperoxidase antibody (TPO‐Ab) and TSH level in euthyroid women have any association with reproductive outcomes after the ART cycle.Methods of studyA total of 1107 patients who were enrolled in the study were divided into four groups based on serum TSH level and TPO‐Ab status: group A, 0.3 ≤ TSH < 2.5 mIU/L and TPO‐Ab−; group B, 0.3 ≤ TSH < 2.5 mIU/L and TPO‐Ab+; group C, 2.5 ≤ TSH < 4.2 mIU/L, and TPO‐Ab−; and group D, 2.5 ≤ TSH < 4.2 mIU/L, TPO‐Ab+. The differences in ART cycles and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed between study groups.ResultsThe fertilization rate in group D (73%) was significantly lower than that in groups A (83% P < .001), B (84% P = .001), and C (82% P = .002). The biochemical pregnancy rates of groups B (7%) and D (12%) were significantly higher than those of group A (2%) (P = .028 and P = .017, respectively). TPO‐Ab was related to a higher biochemical pregnancy rate (P = .002, OR = 5.311, 95% CI 1.859‐15.169) and TSH over 2.5 mIU/L was related to higher ICSI rate (P = .001, OR = 1.759, 95% CI 1.250‐2.476) by logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) also verified the results.ConclusionThe impacts of TSH ≥ 2.5 mIU/L on the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) rate, TSH ≥ 2.5 mIU/L and TPO‐Ab+ on the fertilization rate, and TPO‐Ab+ on the biochemical pregnancy rate, rather than the effect on abortion, clinical pregnancy, and live birth, were emphasized.
Are different markers of endometrial receptivity telling us different things about endometrial function?
Authors: Hviid Saxtorph Malene , Persson Gry , Hallager Trine , Birch Petersen Kathrine , Eriksen Jens O. , Larsen Lise Grupe , Macklon Nick , Hviid Thomas Vauvert F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProblemTo what extent do endocrine, immunological, gene expression and histological markers of endometrial receptivity correlate?Method of studyBetween November 2017 and September 2019, 121 women referred to a University Hospitals Fertility Clinic consented to inclusion in this cohort study. The women underwent timed endometrial biopsy followed by blood samples in a hormone‐substituted cycle. Of these, 37 women had just started IVF treatment, and the remaining 84 had experienced recurrent implantation failure following IVF/ICSI. The hormone‐substituted cycle consisted of initiation with oral oestradiol followed by addition of vaginal progesterone treatment for five full days. Endometrial biopsies were subject to histological examination, immune cell markers by immunohistochemistry (CD56+, CD16+, CD163+, FoxP3) and gene expression microarray analyses with the endometrial receptivity array (ERA®) test (Igenomix). Plasma progesterone and oestradiol were measured on the day of biopsy.ResultsCD56+uterine natural killer (uNK) cell counts correlate with transcriptional markers of endometrial receptivity assessed by the ERA test. Endometrial maturation, receptivity and immunological markers were not correlated with mid‐luteal blood plasma progesterone level. Mid‐luteal serum oestradiol level correlated with markers of endometrial maturation and receptivity. The tests were carried out during a standard hormone substitution cycle, and the findings may not apply in the natural cycle.ConclusionCD56+uNK cell counts and endometrial receptivity assessed by the ERA test appear to be linked. Mid‐luteal progesterone levels were not correlated to the tested markers of endometrial receptivity. In contrast, mid‐luteal oestradiol level was inversely related to markers of endometrial receptivity and maturation.
Human chorionic gonadotropin‐mediated modulation of pregnancy‐compatible peripheral blood natural killer cells in frozen embryo transfer cycles
Authors: Huber Warren J. , Sauerbrun‐Cutler May‐Tal , Krueger Paula M. , Lambert‐Messerlian Geralyn , Sharma Surendra 
Published: August 2020

ProblemTo evaluate pregnancy‐compatible phenotypic and functional changes in peripheral blood natural killer (pNK) cells during frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.Method of studyPeripheral blood was collected from patients undergoing frozen embryo transfer cycles at three separate time points in the cycle. pNK cell phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry. Impact of pregnancy status on pNK cell cytotoxicity was characterized by two methods: (1) a three‐dimensional endovascular tube formation approach and (2) a NK cell‐specific K562 cell kill assay.ResultsA total of 35 patients were enrolled, 15 with clinical pregnancies and 20 with negative serum β‐hCG levels. Overall percentage of CD45+CD3−CD56+ pNK cell did not change during the FET cycle. Pregnancy resulted in an increase in CD45+CD3−CD56+ pNK cell population on the day of serum β‐hCG. pNK cells from non‐pregnant patients caused significant tube disruption when compared to pregnant patients. Addition of serum from pregnant women reduced the tube disruption by pNK cells from non‐pregnant patients. pNK cells from pregnant patients showed significantly lower cytotoxicity toward K562 cells in serum‐free conditions. The addition of pregnancy serum decreased non‐pregnant pNK cell cytotoxicity. Pregnancy status had no impact on VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C serum levels. Recombinant hCG added to non‐pregnant serum resulted in a significant reduction in non‐pregnant pNK cell‐mediated K562 cell kill.ConclusionThere was no difference in pNK cell populations based on timing of the FET cycle. However, pregnancy increased the percentage of CD45+CD3−CD56+ pNK cells. Additionally, pNK cells from pregnant women have reduced cytotoxicity and this is possibly mediated by hCG.
The effect of an ultrasound‐activated needle tip tracker needle on the performance of sciatic nerve block on a soft embalmed Thiel cadaver
Authors: McKendrick M. , Sadler A. , Taylor A. , Seeley J. , Filipescu T. , Mustafa A. , McKendrick G. , Halcrow J. , Raju P. , McLeod G. A. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn this study, we measured the performance of medical students and anaesthetists using a new tracker needle during simulated sciatic nerve block on soft embalmed cadavers. The tracker needle incorporates a piezo element near its tip that generates an electrical signal in response to insonation. A circle, superimposed on the ultrasound image surrounding the needle tip, changes size and colour according to the position of the piezo element within the ultrasound beam. Our primary objective was to compare sciatic block performance with the tracker switched on and off. Our secondary objectives were to record psychometrics, procedure efficiency, participant self‐regulation and focused attention using eye‐tracking technology. Our primary outcome measures were the number of steps successfully performed and the number of errors committed during each block. Videos were scored by trained experts using validated checklists. Sequential tracker activation and deactivation was randomised equally within subjects. With needle activation, steps improved in 10 (25%) subjects and errors reduced in six (15%) subjects. The most important steps were: needle tip identification before injection, OR (95%CI) 2.12 (1.61–2.80; p < 0.001); and needle tip identification before advance of the needle, 1.80 (1.36–2.39; p < 0.001). The most important errors were: failure to identify the needle tip before injection, 2.40 (1.78–3.24; p < 0.001); and failure to quickly regain needle tip position when tip visibility was lost, 2.03 (1.5–2.75; p < 0.001). In conclusion, needle‐tracking technology improved performance in a quarter of subjects.
Lean HRM practices in work integration social enterprises: Moving towards social lean production. Evidence from Italian case studies*
Authors: Signoretti Andrea , Sacchetti Silvia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLean production human resource management (HRM) practices, which are deemed to increase firms’ competitiveness through a skilled and empowered workforce, have arisen in the context of for‐profit companies. The same attention to lean HRM practices has not been paid in non‐profit organizations. In turn, few studies have looked into the adoption of for‐profit HRM practices within such organizations or focused on single practices and ordinary workers. Within this research, dichotomous positions between advocates and opponents have emerged, but with an underlying universalistic perspective considering HRM practices as detached from context. We consider HRM practices as context dependent and conduct a new study concerning lean production HRM practices in work integration social enterprises (WISEs), a particular type of NPO and social enterprise that focuses on building employability and jobs for vulnerable workers. We rely on three case studies involving multiple actors. Our exploratory results suggest that WISEs realize social lean production. They implement lean HRM practices by adapting them to their specific context and integrating both social and economic goals.
Letter: immunotherapy in IBD patients in a SARS‐CoV‐2 endemic area
Authors: Waggershauser Constanze H. , Tillack‐Schreiber Cornelia , Berchtold‐Benchieb Christine , Szokodi Daniel , Howaldt Stefanie , Ochsenkühn Thomas 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Taxonera et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15804 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15955
Letter: improve survival! Place early pre‐emptive TIPSS in high‐risk variceal bleeders
Authors: García‐Pagán Juan Carlos , Bosch Jaume , Trebicka Jonel , Abraldes Juan G , Albillos Agustín , Grønbæk Henning , Giráldez Álvaro , Zipprich Alexander , Bureau Christophe , Hernández‐Gea Virginia ,   the International Variceal Bleeding Observational Study Group, Baveno Cooperation
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Dunne et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15797 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15953
Editorial: treating hepatorenal syndrome—a window and the views
Authors: Palaniyappan Naaventhan , Aithal Guruprasad Padur 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Moore et al and Allegretti et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15836 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15981
Letter: does Helicobacter pylori infection limit the health effects of the Mediterranean diet?
Authors: Vermorken Alphons J.M. , Zhu Jingjing , Cui Yali 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Rajilic‐Stojanovic et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15650
Letter: prevalence and patterns of gastrointestinal symptoms in a large Western cohort of patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Ianiro Gianluca , Porcari Serena , Settanni Carlo Romano , Bibbò Stefano , Ponziani Francesca Romana , Zileri dal Verme Lorenzo , Franceschi Francesco , Cammarota Giovanni , Gasbarrini Antonio ,   Gemelli against COVID‐19 Working Group
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Tian et al and Tian and Rong papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15731 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15986
Letter: online search trends suggest patient concerns around immunosuppression use in inflammatory bowel disease during COVID‐19 in the United Kingdom
Authors: Quraishi Mohammed Nabil , Segal Jonathan P. , Cooney Rachel , Kennedy Nicholas A. , Ainley Rachel , Sharma Naveen , Bhala Neeraj B. , Brookes Matthew J. 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Taxonera et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15804
Letter: sequential or combinated systemic treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mo Dun‐Chang , Luo Peng‐Hui , Huang Jian‐Feng 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kirstein et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15789 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15980
Letter: immunotherapy for IBD patients in a SARS‐CoV‐2 endemic area—authors' reply
Authors: Taxonera Carlos , Sagastagoitia Iñigo , Alba Cristina 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Taxonera et al and Szokodi papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15804 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15897
Editorial: serum HBV RNA biphasic decline in patients with HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues
Authors: Ding Yang , Dou Xiaoguang 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Liu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15890 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15993
Editorial: comorbidities in patients with chronic hepatitis B—authors' reply
Authors: Yoon Eileen L. , Oh Hyunwoo , Jun Dae Won , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Oh et al and Liang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15867 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15938
Letter: prevalence and patterns of gastrointestinal symptoms in a large Western cohort of patients with coronavirus disease 2019—authors' reply
Authors: Tian Yuan , Rong Long 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Tian et al and Ianiro et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15731 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15946
Editorial: serum HBV RNA biphasic decline in patients with HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues—authors' reply
Authors: Liu Shi , Li Wanying , Sun Jian 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Liu et al and Ding and Dou papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15890 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15975
Review article: experimental therapies in autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Halliday Neil , Dyson Jessica Katharine , Thorburn Douglas , Lohse Ansgar W. , Heneghan Michael A. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundCurrent therapeutic options for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are limited by adverse events associated with corticosteroids and thiopurines and the limited evidence base for second‐ and third‐line treatment options. Furthermore, current treatment approaches require long‐term exposure of patients to pharmacological agents. There have been significant advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underpinning autoimmunity and an expansion in the available therapeutic agents for suppressing autoimmune responses or potentially restoring self‐tolerance.AimTo review the mechanisms and evidence for experimental therapies that are being actively explored in the management of AIH.MethodsWe have reviewed the literature relating to a range of novel therapeutic immunomodulatory treatment strategies and drugs.ResultsDrugs which block B cell‐activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor family (BAFF) and tumour necrosis factor α are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of AIH. Experimental therapies and technologies to increase immune tolerance, such as pre‐implantation factor and regulatory T cell therapies, are undergoing development for application in autoimmune disorders. There is also evidence for targeting inflammatory pathways to control other autoimmune conditions, such as blockade of IL1 and IL6 and Janus‐associated kinase (JAK) inhibitors.ConclusionsWith the range of tools available to clinicians and patients increasing, it is likely that the therapeutic landscape of AIH will change over the coming years and treatment approaches offering lower corticosteroid use and aiming to restore immune self‐tolerance should be sought.