bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scattered migrating colony formation in the filamentous cyanobacterium, Pseudanabaena sp. NIES-4403
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroki , Fukasawa Yuki , Shoji Yu , Hisamoto Shumpei , Kikuchi Tomohiro , Takamatsu Atsuko , Iwasaki Hideo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Bacteria have been reported to exhibit complicated morphological colony patterns on solid media, depending on intracellular, and extracellular factors such as motility, cell propagation, and cell-cell interaction. We isolated the filamentous cyanobacterium, Pseudanabaena sp. NIES-4403 (Pseudanabaena, hereafter), that forms scattered (discrete) migrating colonies on solid media. While the scattered colony pattern has been observed in some bacterial species, the mechanism underlying such a pattern still remains obscure.
Results
We studied the morphology of Pseudanabaena migrating collectively and found that this species forms randomly scattered clusters varying in size and further consists of a mixture of comet-like wandering clusters and rotating disks. Quantitative analysis of the formation of these wandering and rotating clusters showed that bacterial filaments tend to follow trajectories of previously migrating filaments at velocities that are dependent on filament length. Collisions between filaments occurred without crossing paths, which enhanced their nematic alignments, giving rise to bundle-like colonies. As cells increased and bundles aggregated, comet-like wandering clusters developed. The direction and velocity of the movement of cells in comet-like wandering clusters were highly coordinated. When the wandering clusters entered into a circular orbit, they turned into rotating disks, maintaining a more stable location. Disks may rotate for days, and the speed of cells within a rotating disk increases from the center to the outmost part of the disk. Using a minimal agent-based model, we reproduced some features of Pseudanabaena migrating clusters.
Conclusion
Based on these observations, we propose that Pseudanabaena forms scattered migrating colonies that undergo a series of transitions involving several morphological patterns. A minimal agent-based model is able to reconstruct some features of the observed migrating clusters.
Low-Dosage&nbsp;Ozonation in Gaseous VOCs Biofilter Promotes Community&nbsp;Diversity and Robustness
Authors: Yeung Marvin , Saingam Prakit , Xu Yang , Xi Jinying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundOzonation of biofilter is known for alleviating clogging and pressure drop issues while maintaining removal performances in biofiltration systems treating gaseous VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds). The implications of ozone on the biofilter microbiome, in terms of biodiversity, community structure, metabolic abilities and dominant taxa correlated with performance remain largely unknown.MethodsThis study investigated two biofilter treating high concentration toluene operating in parallel, with one acting as control and the other exposed to low-dosage (200 mg/m3) ozonation. Microbial community diversity, metabolic rates of different carbon sources, functional predictions and microbial co-occurrence networks of both communities were examined. ResultsConsistently higher biodiversity of over 30% was observed with microbiome after ozonation, with increased overall metabolic abilities for amino acids and carboxylic acids. Relative abundance of species with reported stress tolerant and biofilm forming abilities significantly increased, with a consortium of changes in predicted biological pathways, including shifts in degradation pathways of intermediate compounds, while correlation of top OTUs and genus with performance indicators show diversifications in microbiota responsible for VOCs degradation. Co-occurrence network of the community shows a decrease in average path distance and average betweenness with ozonation. ConclusionShifts in major degrading species and increase in biodiversity could explain the consistent performance commonly seen in ozonation of biofilters despite the decrease in biomass. Increased presence of stress tolerant microbes in the microbiome coupled with decentralization of the co-occurrence network suggest that ozonation could not only provide amelioration for clogging issues but also provides a microbiome more robust to loading shocks seen in full-scale biofilters.
Porin Protein Could be A Vaccine Candidate Against Riemerella Anatipestifer for Ducks
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhang Haiwen , Liao Chenghong , Zhao Jianguo , Wang Jinhua , Wu Kebang , Han Qian , guan qingfeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer(RA) is a gram-negative bacterium that is susceptible to poultry such as domestic ducks and geese. Young birds have a high mortality rate after infection. The resistance caused by the abuse of antibiotics is also getting worse. Since there are 25 serotypes of RA, and the cross-immunization between serotypes is weak, it is necessary to find a vaccine that has cross-immunization against multiple serotypes of RA. In this article, the bioinformatics analysis of RA Proin protein was conducted, and it was speculated that it has the potential of a subunit vaccine. The protein was recombinantly expressed and purified, and immunized with Cherry Valley Duck. The results show that the serum antibodies of the Porin protein immunized group were positive at 1:24300 for the porin protein and RA strains CH1. The serum could improve the killing effect of complement and phagocytic cells on RA. After the challenge, the survival rate of Cherry Valley Duck can be increased by 80%.
Circular RNA Expression Profiles and Features in NAFLD Mice: A Study Using RNA-Seq Data
Authors: Yuan Xinlu , Diao Jianjun , Du Anqing , Wen Song , Zhou Ligang , Pan Yangbin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is primarily characterized by the hepatic cholesterol accumulation. Circular RNA (circRNA), one of noncoding RNA, involves in many liver diseases progression. However, no recent studies on circRNA expression profiles in NAFLD have been reported previously.Methods: A NAFLD mouse model was constructed by providing high-fat diet (HFD) for 32 weeks. The circRNAs expression profile in normal mice and NAFLD mice were determined using high-output RNA sequencing method and bioinformatics methods, while the differentially expressed circRNAs were confirmed using Sanger sequencing and qRT-PCR. The circRNA-miRNA network was also predicted. The biological functions of circRNAs were annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).Results: The results demonstrated the successful construction of NAFLD mice model by immunohistology and serology assay. In total, 93 dysregulated circRNAs were observed, including 57 upregulated circRNAs and 36 downregulated circRNAs, in the NAFLD group. The circRNA-miRNA network revealed the complex interaction between circRNAs and its potential miRNA targets in NAFLD. The characteristic of tissue-specific expression in circRNA was demonstrated. The differentially expressed circRNAs with important biological function were also annotated using GO and KEGG. Both DDAH1 and VAV3 genes were found to be associated with the NAFLD development.Conclusions: Taken together, this study demonstrated the circRNAs expression profile and features in NAFLD, which may provide potential biological markers for the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
Systemic Transplantation of Adult Multipotent Stem Cells Prevents Articular Cartilage Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Accelerated Ageing
Authors: Thompson Seth David , Pichika Rajeswari , Lieber Richard L , Lavasani Mitra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent joint diseases of advanced age and is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Ageing is a major risk factor for the articular cartilage (AC) degeneration that leads to OA, and the age-related decline in regenerative capacity accelerates OA progression. Here we demonstrate that systemic transplantation of a unique population of adult multipotent muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs), isolated from young wild-type mice, into Zmpste24 - / - mice (a model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a condition marked by accelerated ageing), prevents ageing-related homeostatic decline of AC. Results. MDSPC treatment inhibited expression of cartilage-degrading factors such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix-proteinases, whereas pro-regenerative markers associated with cartilage mechanical support and tensile strength, cartilage resilience, chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, and cartilage growth, were increased. Notably, MDSPC transplantation also increased the expression level of genes known for their key roles in immunomodulation, autophagy, stress resistance, pro-longevity, and telomere protection. Our findings also indicate that MDSPC transplantation increased proteoglycan content by regulating chondrocyte proliferation. Conclusions. Together, these findings demonstrate the ability of systemically transplanted young MDSPCs to preserve a healthy homeostasis and promote tissue regeneration at the molecular and tissue level in progeroid AC. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of systemically delivered multipotent adult stem cells to prevent age-associated AC degeneration.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Methotrexate-induced Nausea in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Kyvsgaard Nini , Mikkelsen Torben Stamm , Als Thomas D. , Christensen Anne Estmann , Corydon Thomas J. , Herlin Troels 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundContext: Methotrexate (MTX) is a cornerstone in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). MTX treatment is commonly associated with nausea. Large inter-individual variation exists in the level of MTX-induced nausea, possibly due to genetic factors. Purpose: To investigate whether MTX-induced nausea was associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding MTX-transporter proteins, a MTX metabolizing enzyme and a nausea receptor.FindingsMethods: Children aged ≥9 years treated with MTX for JIA were eligible. MTX-induced nausea was registered by the children’s completion of a nausea diary (min. 7 days) and the parents’ completion of the MTX intolerance severity score (MISS). The selected SNPs were: SLCO1B1 (rs4149056; rs4149081), SLCO1B3 (rs2117032), SLC19A1 (rs1051266), ABCC2 (rs2273697; rs3740066; rs717620), ABCB1 (rs2032582; rs1045642), MTHFR (rs1801131, rs1801133), HTR3A (rs1062613; rs1985242; rs1176713) and HTR3B (rs1176744). Results: Enrolled were 121 JIA patients (82 girls: 39 boys) with a median age of 13.3 years (IQR: 11.3-15.1). The median MTX dose was 9.7 mg/m2/week (IQR: 9.0-10.9). The median MTX treatment duration prior to enrolment was 340 days (IQR: 142-766). The SNP analysis was available for 119 patients. MTX intolerance was associated with the genotype distribution of rs1801133 (MTHFR) (p= 0.02). There was no additive effect of the minor alleles for any of the selected SNPs, nor any significant haplotype associations. Conclusion Summary: MTX-induced nausea may be influenced by genetic polymorphisms in a MTX metabolizing enzyme (rs1801133; MTHFR). Implications: Further analyses involving inclusion of larger cohorts are needed to understand the impact of SNPs on MTX-induced nausea in JIA.
Deciphering the Role of Physical Activity in Stress Management During A Global Pandemic in Older Adult Populations: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Churchill Ryan , Riadi Indira , Kervin Lucy , Teo Kelly , Cosco Theodore 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The world has changed dramatically since the beginning of 2020 due to COVID-19. As a result of the pandemic, many older adults are now experiencing an increased and unprecedented amount of psychological stress. Physical activity has been found to be an evidence-based means of combating stress among older adults to promote their quality of life. Studies have demonstrated that those who are physically active experience fewer issues in regard to their mental health, specifically depression and anxiety disorders. Engagement in physical activity may exert a protective influence over stress inducing events and subsequent mental health outcomes. Due to the fact that exercise is inexpensive, non-invasive, and effective even via incremental increases in activity level, physical activity interventions should be investigated as an important therapy for reducing stress for older adults during this current pandemic. Methods: Four electronic databases will be searched to identify all randomized control trials that involve physical activity as an intervention to address stress management in older adults 50 years of age or older. Only peer reviewed and published journal articles will be reviewed. All studies will be assessed for bias using Cochrane’s risk of bias tool. A random effects meta-analysis will be investigated if sufficient evidence of homogenous research exists and the heterogeneity of effect sizes will be tabulated. Discussion: This review will determine the effectiveness of various physical activity interventions for the treatment of stress among the older adult population. This knowledge will help inform care aides, clinicians, family members, and older adults themselves of the most effective physical activity interventions in dealing with stress which is relevant to the ongoing pandemic. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020192546 Keywords: Stress management, physical activity, pandemic, intervention, older adults, systematic review
Dental practice closure during COVID-19 and associated professional, practice and structural determinants: a multi-country survey
Authors: Abdelrahman Hams H , Atteya Sara M , Ihab Merna , Nyan Myat , Maharani Diah Ayu , Rahardjo Anton , Shaath Mohammed , Aboalshamat Khalid , Butool Sayda , Shamala Anas , Baig Lubna , Tantawi Maha El 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China has influenced every aspect of life worldwide. Due to the characteristics of dental settings, the risk of cross infection may be high between dental practitioners and patients. Being on the list of high-risk professions, dentists are very much expected to develop severe anxiety about the current pandemic situation. In addition, the limited provision of services and closure of dental practices raised concerns among dental professionals about the financial consequences of this closure. Therefore, the study assessed the extent of dental practice closure in various countries around the world, factors associated with this closure and whether closure and associated factors differed between private and non-private sectors.Methods: From April to May 2020, a web-based survey was sent to dentists in several countries. The survey assessed professional factors, practice factors and country-level structural factors. Multilevel logistic regression was used to assess the association of practice closure with these factors. Effect modification due to private and non-private sectors was assessed. Results: Dentists (n= 3243) participated from 29 countries. The majority (75.9%) reported practice closure with significantly higher percentage in the private than non-private sector. Fears were associated with significantly higher likelihood of closure in private (OR= 1.54, 95%CI= 1.24, 1.92) and non-private sectors (OR= 1.38, 95%CI= 1.04, 1.82). Non-private, governmental sector dentists (OR= 0.54, 95%CI= 0.31, 0.94) and those in rural areas (OR= 0.58, 95%CI= 0.42, 0.81) and those in hospitals (overall OR= 0.60, 95%CI= 0.36, 0.99) reported low likelihood of closure. High likelihood of closure was reported by those in academia (OR= 2.13, 95%CI= 1.23, 3.71). More hospital beds were associated with lower likelihood of closure in the non-private sector (OR= 0.65, 95%CI= 0.46, 0.91) and private sector dentists in high income countries (HICs) reported less closure than in non-HICs (OR= 0.55, 95%= 0.15, 1.93).Conclusions: Most dentists reported practice closure because of COVID-19 with greater impact in the private than non-private sectors with professional, practice and country-level factors associated.
Examining Supports and Barriers to Breastfeeding through a Socio-Ecological Lens
Authors: Snyder Kailey , Hulse Emily , Dingman Holly , Cantrell Angie , Hanson Corrine , Dinkel Danae 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Early breastfeeding cessation is a societal concern given the massive benefits associated with breastfeeding for mother and child. More effective interventions are needed to increase breastfeeding duration. Prior to developing such interventions more research is needed to examine breastfeeding supports and barriers from the perspective of breastfeeding stakeholders. One such framework that can be utilized is Brofenbrenner’s Social Ecological Model. The purpose of this study was to examine supports and barriers to breastfeeding based on the Social Ecological Model. METHODS: A total of 49 representatives participated in a telephonic interview. Interviewees represented various levels of the model based on their current breastfeeding experience (i.e., mother or significant other) or occupation. A direct content analysis was performed as well as a constant comparative analysis to determine differences between level representatives. RESULTS: Common supports identified by all interviewees were in-hospital breastfeeding education (organizational level) and the existence of breastfeeding protection legislation (policy level). Barriers identified by all interviewees included a lack of support (interpersonal level), lack of hospital resources (organizational level) and lack of specificity within the existing breastfeeding protection legislation (policy level). Other identified supports and barriers varied by representatives for each level of the model. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding organizations such as state and local coalitions should utilize this information to guide future strategy as well as develop interventions to eliminate the disparities between breastfeeding mothers’ perceptions and the stakeholders working to increase breastfeeding initiation and duration rate.
The Emergence of a New Form of Headache in COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Uygun Özge , Ertas Mustafa , Ekizoğlu Esme , Bolay Hayrunnisa , Özge Aynur , Orhan Elif Kocasoy , Çağatay Arif Atahan , Baykan Betül 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHeadache is the most common COVID-19-related neurological symptom. But, diagnostic clues of headache for COVID-19 infection are not well known. MethodsWe developed a detailed web-based questionnaire screening the characteristics and course of headaches besides clinical COVID-19 features. The participants were grouped according to being diagnosed with COVID-19 infection or not, and having previous or new-onset headaches. The COVID-19 related headache features and their associations with other clinical features were investigated. A binary logistic regression model was performed to differentiate the characteristics of headache related to COVID-19. Findings 3458 participants (2341 females;67.7%, 1495 healthcare workers;43.2%) with a mean age of 43.21±11.2 years experiencing headache during pandemic contributed to the survey. Among them, 262 participants had COVID-19 and 126(48.1%) were male. The rate of males in the group without COVID-19 was 31% (991 out of 3196 participants) showing significant gender difference between groups (p<0.000). COVID-19 related headaches were more closely associated with anosmia/ageusia and gastrointestinal complaints (RR=3.7 and RR=1.33, respectively), showed different characteristics like pulsating, pressing, and even stabbing quality. Logistic regression analyses showed that bilateral headache, duration over 72 hours, analgesic resistance and having male gender were significant variables to differentiate COVID-19 positive patients from those without COVID-19 (p<0.000 for all variables). A worsening of previous primary headaches due to the pandemic-related problems was not the rule in majority of patients.Interpretation Bilateral, long-lasting headaches, resistance to analgesics and having male gender were more frequent in people with COVID-19 in conjunction with the anosmia/ageusia and gastrointestinal complaints. These features may be helpful for COVID-19 diagnosis in the clinical evaluation of headache patients during the pandemic.Funding: This study was funded by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University with a project number of GAP-36802.
Acute Tuberculosis pneumonia and COVID-19 in a patient vaccinated with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
Authors: Luciani Michelangelo , Bentivegna Enrico , Spuntarelli Valerio , Guerritore Ludovica , Chiappino Dario , Nalli Gabriele , Proietta Maria , Porto Flavia Del , Martelletti Paolo , Sesti Giorgio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 is a respiratory tract infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-COV2, that can be complicated by acute distress respiratory syndrome and multiorgan failure. In light of the high rate of mortality associated with COVID-19, pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to prevent the infection are currently being tested. Among non-pharmacological preventive measures, vaccines represent one of the main resources for public health. It has been suggested that Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine may protect individuals against infection from COVID-19 virus, and two clinical trials addressing this question are underway. Here, we report the case of a 32-year old woman, vaccinated with BCG when she was 1 year old, who was diagnosed with apical tuberculous pneumonia of the right lung along with COVID 19 pneumonia.
A critical appraisal of modern engineering science, and the changes required by the appraisal conclusions.
Authors: Adiutori Eugene F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Until the nineteenth century, engineering science was founded on a view of dimensional homogeneity that required the following:· Parameters must not be multiplied or divided.· Dimensions must not be assigned to numbers.· Equations must be dimensionless. This view made it impossible to create equations such as the laws of modern engineering science. Modern engineering science is founded on Fourier’s view of dimensional homogeneity. His view allows the following, and makes it possible to create equations such as the laws of modern engineering science:· Parameters may be multiplied or divided.· Dimensions may be assigned to numbers.· Equations may or may not be dimensionless.Fourier did not prove the validity of his view of dimensional homogeneity. He merely stated that his view of dimensional homogeneity is equivalent to unspecified axioms left behind by the ancient Greeks. Presumably, his colleagues accepted his unproven view because it enabled him to solve problems they were unable to solve. A critical appraisal of Fourier’s unproven view of dimensional homogeneity results in the following conclusions:· Parameters cannot rationally be multiplied or divided. Only the numerical values of parameters can rationally be multiplied or divided.· Dimensions cannot rationally be assigned to numbers. If dimensions could be assigned to numbers, any equation could be regarded as dimensionally homogeneous.· Equations are inherently dimensionless because symbols in parametric equations can rationally represent only numerical value.The appraisal and the changes in modern engineering science required by the appraisal conclusions are presented in the text.