bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Electrochemical Properties, Impedance and Resistances of Micro‐tubular IT‐SOFCs with Novel Asymmetric Structure Based on BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3−δ Proton Conducting Electrolyte
Authors: Dong Y. , Chen C. , Liu M. , Rainwater B. H. , Bai Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnode‐supported micro‐tubular SOFCs based on a proton and oxide ion mixed conductor electrolyte, BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3−δ (BZCYYb), have been successfully fabricated via phase‐inversion process. Typical micro‐tubular cell with the configuration of Ni‐BZCYYb|BZCYYb|La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ, consists of anode support, electrolyte and cathode with thicknesses of 200, 12, and 10 μm, respectively. The cells show excellent electrochemical performance with the peak power densities of 1.040, 0.902, 0.721, and 0.590 W cm−2 at 750, 700, 650, and 600 °C, respectively, with humidified (3 vol.% H2O) hydrogen as fuel and ambient air as oxidant. The AC impedance spectroscopy result shows low concentration polarization values of 0.016–0.021 Ω cm2 at 750–600 °C. Further, significant performance enhancement is observed during long‐term stability test at 600 and 750 °C under constant voltage of 0.5 and 0.7 V over 120 h, respectively, indicating excellent stability of BZCYYb under fuel cell operating condition. The high performance is attributed to high‐quality cell, validated by the dense, crack‐free BZCYYb electrolyte film supported by the anode with micro sponge‐like pores.
Optimization of sodium hydroxide for securing high thermoelectric performance in polycrystalline Sn1 − xSe via anisotropy and vacancy synergy
Authors: Shi Xiao‐Lei , Liu Wei‐Di , Wu Ang‐Yin , Nguyen Van T. , Gao Han , Sun Qiang , Moshwan Raza , Zou Jin , Chen Zhi‐Gang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe morphology and composition are two key factors to determine the thermoelectric performance of aqueously synthesized tin selenide (SnSe) crystals; however, their controlling is still under exploring. In this study, we report a high figure‐of‐merit (ZT) of ∼1.5 at 823 K in p‐type polycrystalline Sn1 − xSe resulted from a synergy of morphology control and vacancy optimization, realized by carefully tuning the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration during solvothermal synthesis. After a comprehensive investigation on various NaOH concentrations, it was found that an optimized NaOH amount of 10 mL with a concentration of 10 mol L−1 can simultaneously achieve a large average crystal size and a high Sn vacancy concentration of ∼2.5%. The large microplate‐like crystals lead to a considerable anisotropy in the sintered pellets, and the high Sn vacancy level contributes to an optimum hole concentration to the level of ∼2.3 × 1019 cm−3, and in turn a high power factor of ∼7.4 μW cm−1 K−2 at 823 K, measured along the direction perpendicular to the sintering pressure. In addition, a low thermal conductivity of ∼0.41 W m−1 K−1 is achieved by effective phonon scattering at localized crystal imperfections including lattice distortions, grain boundaries, and vacancy domains, as observed by detailed structural characterizations. Furthermore, a competitive compressive strength of ∼52.1 MPa can be achieved along the direction of high thermoelectric performance, indicating a mechanically robust feature. This study provides a new avenue in achieving high thermoelectric performance in SnSe‐based thermoelectric materials.image
Validation of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale on experienced meditators and nonmeditators
Authors: Morgan Matthew C. , Cardaciotto LeeAnn , Moon Simon , Marks Donald 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale's (PHLMS) psychometric properties, theoretical assumptions, convergent validity, and relationships to symptom, happiness and social desirability measures were investigated in novel samples.MethodsInternet‐recruited general public samples of experienced meditators (n = 67, 21 male, 46 female, average age 50) and nonmeditators (n = 61, 28 male, 32 female, and 1 transgender; average age 41.9) were used.ResultsMeditators scored higher than nonmeditators on both PHLMS Acceptance, t(126) = 2.77, p < .01, d = 0.49, and Awareness t(126) = 4.18, p < .01, d = 0.74. Higher PHLMS Acceptance subscale scores were associated with decreased scores on all symptom measures in nonmeditators, but only in select measures among meditators. Generally, PHLMS Awareness subscale scores were not related to symptoms. Awareness interacted with meditator status on outcome measures.ConclusionsPHLMS may be used in the general public and experienced meditator populations. Mindfulness facets become intercorrelated in experienced meditators.
Cardioprotective effects of high‐intensity interval training are mediated through microRNA regulation of mitochondrial and oxidative stress pathways
Authors: Jeremic Nevena , Weber Gregory J. , Theilen Nicholas T. , Tyagi Suresh C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman studies have shown high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has beneficial cardiovascular effects and is typically more time‐efficient compared with traditional endurance exercise. The main goal of this study is to show the potential molecular and functional cardiovascular benefits of HIIT compared with endurance training (ET). Three groups of mice were used including sedentary‐control, ET mice, and HIIT mice groups. Results indicated ejection fraction was increased in HIIT compared with ET while fractional shortening was increased in the HIIT group compared with both groups. Blood flow of the abdominal aorta was increased in both exercise groups compared with control. Increases in cross‐sectional area and mitochondrial and antioxidative markers in HIIT compared with control were observed, along with several microRNAs. These findings indicate HIIT has specific cardiac‐protective effects and may be a viable alternative to traditional ET as a cardiovascular preventative medicine intervention.
Immersion by rotation‐based application of the matrix for fast and reproducible sample preparations and robust results in mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Schäfermann Johanna , Kliewer Georg , Lösch Jan , Bednarz Hanna , Giampà Marco , Niehaus Karsten 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAutomated matrix deposition for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is crucial for producing reproducible analyte ion signals. Here we report an innovative method employing an automated immersion apparatus, which enables a robust matrix deposition within 5 minutes and with scalable throughput by using MAPS matrix and non‐polar solvents. MSI results received from mouse heart and rat brain tissues were qualitatively similar to those from nozzle sprayed samples with respect to peak number and quality of the ion images. Overall, the immersion‐method enables a fast and careful matrix deposition and has the future potential for implementation in clinical tissue diagnostics.
IL6 and FAS/FASL gene polymorphisms may be associated with disease progression in HIV‐1‐positive ethnically mixed patients
Authors: Loureiro dos Reis Marília M. , Queiroz Maria A. F. , da Silva Bosco C. M. , da Silva Duarte Alberto J. , Casseb Jorge , Arganaraz Gustavo A. , Vallinoto Antonio C. R. , Argañaraz Enrique R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe progression of AIDS depends on the complex host and virus interactions. The most important disease progression hallmarks are immune activation and apoptosis. In this study, we address the prevalence of polymorphisms related to proinflammatory and apoptotic genes, such as IFNG (+874T/A), TNF (308G/A), IL6 (−174G/C), IL8 (−251A/T), FAS (−670A/G), and FASL (−124A/G) in 160 ethnically mixed HIV‐1‐infected patients from multicentre cohorts with different clinical outcomes (13 elite controllers [EC], 66 slow long‐term non‐progressors [LTNPs], and 81 progressors [P]). The genotyping was accomplished by TaqMan‐qPCR. Among all the polymorphisms analyzed in the cytokines, the IL6 −174G/C polymorphism showed a higher frequency of GG genotype in the LTNP and LTNP+EC groups as compared to the P group. Moreover, there was a significantly higher frequency of the G allele in the LTNP and LTNP+EC groups as compared to the P group. On the other hand, the levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes were higher among individuals showing the AA and AG genotypes for the FASL −124A/G polymorphism as compared to the GG genotype. Furthermore, the AG and AA genotypes were more frequent, as compared to the GG genotype, in individuals showing a lower viral load. In contrast, for the FAS −670A/G polymorphism, a significantly higher viral load was observed in individuals with the AG genotype as compared to the GG genotype. In conclusion, we found three genetic allelic variants of the IL6 −174G/C, FASL −124A/G, and FAS −670A/G polymorphisms that were related to disease progression and immunological and virological markers in cohorts of HIV‐1‐positive ethnically mixed patients.
Climate prediction of summer extreme precipitation frequency in the Yangtze River valley based on sea surface temperature in the southern Indian Ocean and ice concentration in the Beaufort Sea
Authors: Tian Baoqiang , Fan Ke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThree statistical prediction models for the summer extreme precipitation frequency (EPF) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley (MLYRV) based on the winter sea surface temperature in the southern Indian Ocean (SIO‐SST; Scheme‐SST), the spring sea‐ice concentration in the Beaufort Sea (Scheme‐SIC), and both predictors (Scheme‐SS), are established by using the year‐to‐year increment method. The winter SIO‐SST may affect the SST anomaly in the east of Australia via a teleconnection pattern. The east of Australia SST signal in winter continues until the following summer and then affects the summer EPF in the MLYRV via modulation of the meridional Hadley circulation in the western North Pacific. The positive Beaufort SIC anomaly may result in a negative summer SST anomaly by the increased surface albedo. In response, the atmospheric circulation presents a dipole anomaly distribution in the Beaufort Sea and the Barents Sea. The Arctic dipole anomaly may bring about frequent extreme precipitation in the MLYRV by adjusting the position of the East Asian westerly jet and Eurasian teleconnection pattern. The prediction skill of the summer EPF for Scheme‐SS is higher than that of Scheme‐SST and Scheme‐SIC in the cross‐validation test during 1962–2017 and the independent hindcast during 1992–2017. Scheme‐SS shows a higher prediction skill of the summer EPF than that of Scheme‐SST and Scheme‐SIC, with a time correlation coefficient of 0.62, accounting for 39% of the total variance, of which 35% is the winter SIO‐SST and 4% the spring Beaufort SIC. Scheme‐SS not only shows a rather high predictive ability for the anomalous summer EPF but can also reproduce the increasing trend of extremely heavy precipitation.
Development of an in vitro intervertebral disc innervation model to screen neuroinhibitory biomaterials
Authors: Romereim Sarah M. , Johnston Caleb A. , Redwine Adan L. , Wachs Rebecca A. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTPain originating from an intervertebral disc (discogenic pain) is a major source of chronic low back pain. Pathological innervation of the disc by pain‐sensing nerve fibers is thought to be a key component of discogenic pain, so treatment with biomaterials that have the ability to inhibit neurite growth will greatly benefit novel disc therapeutics. Currently, disc therapeutic biomaterials are rarely screened for their ability to modulate nerve growth, mainly due to a lack of models to screen neuromodulation. To address this deficit, our lab has engineered a three dimensional in vitro disc innervation model that mimics the interface between primary sensory nerves and the intervertebral disc. Further, herein we have demonstrated the utility of this model to screen the efficacy of chondroitin sulfate biomaterials to inhibit nerve fiber invasion into the model disc. Biomaterials containing chondroitin‐4‐sulfate (CS‐A) decrease neurite growth in a uniform gel and at an interface between a growth‐permissive and a growth‐inhibitory gel, while chondroitin‐6‐sulfate (CS‐C) is less neuroinhibitory. This in vitro model holds great potential for screening inhibitors of nerve fiber growth to further improve intervertebral disc replacements and therapeutics. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:1016‐1026, 2020
Early changes in serum osteocalcin and body weight are predictive of implant fixation in a rat model of implant loosening
Authors: Wilson Brittany M. , Moran Meghan M. , Meagher Matthew J. , Ross Ryan D. , Mashiatulla Maleeha , Virdi Amarjit S. , Sumner Dale R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBiomarkers are of interest to identify patients at risk for peri‐implant osteolysis and aseptic loosening. We used a rat model of particle‐induced peri‐implant osteolysis to investigate if early changes in biomarkers were associated with subsequent implant fixation strength. Implants were placed in rat femora, which were then challenged with intra‐articular knee injections of either clean polyethylene, lipopolysaccharide‐doped polyethylene, or cobalt‐chromium alloy particles, with particle‐free vehicle serving as control (n ≥ 8 per group). Rats were weighed weekly, blood was collected at weeks 0, 3, 5, and 6, and locomotor behavior was assessed 4 days before study conclusion. Rats were euthanized 6 weeks post surgery. Week 6 serum was analyzed for five bone remodeling markers, while longitudinal serum was assessed for osteocalcin. Bone‐implant contact, peri‐implant trabecular architecture, and implant fixation strength were measured. Rats challenged with cobalt‐chromium particles had a significant reduction in implant fixation strength compared with the vehicle‐control group (P = .034). This group also had elevated serum osteocalcin (P = .005), depressed weight gain (P = .001) and less frequent rearing behavior (P = .029). Regardless of group, change in serum osteocalcin at week 3 (r = −.368;P = .046), change in weight at week 2 (r = .586;P < .001), as well as weight change at all other time intervals were associated with fixation strength. The finding that early alterations in serum osteocalcin and body weight were predictive of subsequent implant fixation strength supports continued investigation of biomarkers for early detection of peri‐implant osteolysis and implant loosening. Further, change in biomarker levels was found to be more indicative of implant fixation status than any single measurement.
Focused high‐energy extracorporeal shockwaves as supplemental treatment in a rabbit model of fracture‐related infection
Authors: Puetzler Jan , Milstrey Alexander , Everding Jens , Raschke Michael , Arens Daniel , Zeiter Stephan , Geoff Richards Robert , Fintan Moriarty Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFocused high‐energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (fhESWT) is used to improve fracture healing in cases of nonunion. In addition, it has been shown to have direct antibacterial effects. We evaluated fhESWT as an adjunct to conventional treatment in a clinically relevant rabbit model of fracture‐related infection (FRI). A humeral osteotomy in 31 rabbits was fixed with a seven‐hole locking compression plate. FRI was established with a clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolate. After 2 weeks, a revision surgery was performed with debridement, irrigation, and implant retention. Rabbits then received: no further treatment (controls); shockwaves (4000 impulses with 23 kV at days 2 and 6 after revision); systemic antibiotics (rifampin and nafcillin); or the combination of antibiotics and shockwaves. Treatments were applied over 1 week. Blood cultures were taken before and after shockwave sessions. After another week without treatment, rabbits were euthanized and quantitative bacteriology was performed on implants and tissues to determine infection burden. Indicator organs (brain, heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, and spleen) were cultured to assess possible bacteremia. All the rabbits were infected at revision surgery as determined by the bacteriological culture of debrided materials. fhESWT in combination with antibiotic treatment lowered the bacterial burden 100‐fold compared with antibiotic treatment alone in all samples (P = .38). This effect was most prevalent for the implant sample (P = .08). No significant effect was seen for fhESWT alone compared with untreated controls. No signs of bacteremia occurred in blood cultures and organs. fhESWT appears safe and could be a helpful adjunct to conventional treatment in certain difficult‐to‐treat FRIs.
Casein hydrolysate supplementation in low‐crude protein diets increases feed intake and nitrogen retention without affecting nitrogen utilization of growing pigs
Authors: Shen Junhua , Wang Huisong , Pi Yu , Gao Kan , Zhu Weiyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn extreme reduction of the crude protein (CP) level in diets, even balanced with amino acids (AAs), is detrimental for intestinal nitrogen (N) metabolism and the growth of pigs. This study investigated the effects of casein hydrolysate supplementation in low‐CP diets on growth performance, N balance, and intestinal N supply for pigs. A total of 24 barrows were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments of 160 g kg−1 CP (control), 130 g kg−1 CP (LAA), and 130 g kg−1 CP plus casein hydrolysate (LCH) for 28 days.RESULTSThe LCH group had a higher average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) than the LAA group, and a higher ADG than the control (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, both the LAA and LCH decreased N intake, serum urea N, fecal N, and N excretion, and increased apparent N availability, with LCH having higher N intake and N retention than LAA group (P < 0.05). Compared with LAA, LCH increased ileal fluxes of CP and AA (P < 0.05), and with values similar to those of the control. However, ileal flows of CP and AA were similar between LCH and LAA, both of which were lower than those in the control (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONUsing protein hydrolysate to replace some crystalline AAs in low‐CP diets increased feed intake, N retention and ADG without affecting N utilization. These findings point to the important impact of protein hydrolysate supplementation on improving growth for pigs fed low‐CP diets. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Recent advances in breath analysis to track human health by new enrichment technologies
Authors: Ghosh Chiranjit , Singh Varoon , Grandy Jonathan , Pawliszyn Janusz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDetection of biomarkers in exhaled breath has been gaining increasing attention as a tool for diagnosis of specific diseases. However, rapid and accurate quantification of biomarkers associated with specific diseases requires the use of analytical methods capable of fast sampling and preconcentration from breath matrix. In this regard, solid phase microextraction and needle trap technology are becoming increasingly popular in the field of breath analysis due to the unique benefits imparted by such methods, such as the integration of sampling, extraction, and preconcentration in a single step. This review discusses recent advances in breath analysis using these sample preparation techniques, providing a summary of recent developments of analytical methods based on breath volatile organic compounds analysis, including the successful identification of various biomarkers related to human diseases.
Approximation properties of the generalized Szasz operators by multiple Appell polynomials via power summability method
Authors: Braha Naim L. , Kadak Ugur 
Published: December 2019

In this paper some properties of the generalized Szasz operators by multiple Appell polynomials are given, using into consideration the power summability method. In the first section are given some direct estimation related to the generalized Szasz operators by multiple Appell polynomials, including Korovkin type theorem. In the second section, we give some results related to the weighted spaces of continuous functions and Voronovskaya type theorem. In the third section, we have proved some results related to the statistical convergence of the generalized Szasz operators by multiple Appell polynomials, using into consideration theA− transformation.At the end of the paper are given some illustrative computational examples which make such summability methods (for example, power series method) more useful and fruitful for applications of functional analysis in approximation theory.
Numerical modeling the propagation path of radio waves with atmospheric refractivity
Authors: Tang Tao , Liu Guo , Liu Lang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe meteorological elements will affect the propagation of the radio wave. These meteorological elements can be reflected by the atmospheric refractive index, which is derived from the pressure, temperature, relative humidity, and vapor pressure. Using the atmospheric sounding data, a real atmospheric refractive index model for an identified area can be obtained. Combined with the refractive index model, the atmosphere can be divided into layered media with different refractive index, and a numerical model can be established to indicate the wave propagation path. The numerical solution results are verified by the analytical solution and other presented model. Due to its high accuracy and computational efficiency, the proposed numerical model can be used to quickly illustrate the physical path of radio wave atmospheric propagation, providing theoretical guidance for related applications.
The impact of pre‐round meetings on quality of care: A qualitative study
Authors: Kyte Lars , Sjursen Irene , Kleiven Ole T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThis study's aim was to improve our understanding of the impact of pre‐round meetings before ward rounds on hospital wards.DesignQualitative study.MethodFocus group interviews were conducted with nurses and doctors.ResultsParticipants reported that pre‐round meetings provide opportunities for interdisciplinary cooperation and have a positive impact on the quality of treatment and care. These meetings offer a forum for health professionals to develop a shared understanding and to convey congruent information to the patient. However, there may be reasons for omitting the pre‐round meetings before ward rounds on wards with acute admissions and high patient turnover. Continuity of those attending the meetings and attendance by consultants are needed for timely decision‐making and hence, successful pre‐round meetings. If health trusts establish systems promoting successful pre‐round meetings, the quality of treatment received by patients has potential for improvement.
CO2 Capture with Silylated Ethanolamines and Piperazines
Authors: Herbig Marcus , Gevorgyan Lia , Pflug Moritz , Wagler Jörg , Schwarzer Sandra , Kroke Edwin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAmine treatment is commonly used to capture CO2 from exhaust gases and from ambient air. The Si−N bond in aminosilanes is capable of reacting with CO2 more readily than amines. In the current study we have synthesized trimethylsilylated ethanolamines, diethanolamines and piperazines and investigated their reaction toward CO2. All products were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR, RAMAN spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. The product of a twofold CO2‐insertion into bis‐trimethylsilylated piperazine was analysed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations (DFT) were used to supplement the experimental results. Geometry optimizations and NBO calculations for each starting material were carried out at the B3LYP level with different basis sets. DFT calculations at the B3LYP, WB97XD and M062x level were conducted for geometry optimization and frequency calculations to examine the thermochemical data. The calculations were carried out both for the gas phase and in solvent environment. The calculated reaction enthalpies varied between −37 and −107 kJ mol−1, while experimental values around −100 kJ mol−1 were determined.