bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experiences of interval appendectomy for inflammatory appendiceal mass
Authors: Takahashi Yoshiaki , Obata Satoshi , Matsuura Toshiharu , Kawano Yuki , Yanagi Yusuke , Yoshimaru Koichiro , Izaki Tomoko , Taguchi Tomoaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterval appendectomy (IA) is a common treatment of acute appendicitis (AA) with inflammatory appendiceal mass (IAM). However, the management of patients with IAM is still controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes in patients with this condition.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 244 patients with AA for their clinical characteristics and outcomes.ResultsForty‐three patients had IAM at the first medical examination. The mean age was significantly younger and the C‐reactive protein level significantly higher (12.6 vs 3.1 mg/dL) in patients with IAM. Thirty‐four patients received IA, and nine received emergency appendectomy (EA). In the IA group, the diameter of the abscess was larger than in the EA group (31.4 vs 16.1 mm). The total length of hospitalization was longer in the IA group than the EA group (20.6 vs 7.0 days), although the operative time was longer in the EA group because of adhesion (101.1 vs 192.1 min). Furthermore, most IA patients received a reduced‐port appendectomy (74% vs 11%). Recurrence occurred in approximately 15% of patients awaiting IA. There were no complications in either group.ConclusionsAlthough each treatment approach has its advantages and disadvantages, both IA and EA can be the first option for the treatment of AA with IAM.
Assessment of the pest status of Pratylenchus curvicauda and ultrastructural changes in roots of infected wheat and barley
Authors: Begum Farhana , Jones Michael G. K. , Fosu‐Nyarko John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPratylenchus curvicauda, which was first described in metropolitan Perth in 1991, was recently identified in grain‐growing areas in Western Australia. The biology of this root‐lesion nematode, and especially its pest status, is unknown. We investigated its life cycle and interaction with host plants, because such information is essential for its management. The life cycle took 45 days to complete in a wheat cultivar maintained at 23°C. Over 10 weeks, the nematode multiplied in 26 of 61 genotypes; these host plants were all cereals and included widely grown cultivars of wheat and barley. Eighteen other cereal genotypes and 13 cultivars including canola, chickpea, ryegrass, lupin, soybean, and tomato, sustained the nematodes to different degrees without multiplication. Four cover crops were not suitable hosts. The patterns of attraction of the nematodes and penetration into roots of the host and tolerant plants were similar. The nonhosts attracted fewer nematodes, none of which penetrated the roots. Browning of infected roots was atypical—it occurred late in some roots, 55 days after inoculation, and in the presence of a fungus. The nematodes were confined to, and fed from, cortical cells. The ultrastructure of infected wheat and barley cells showed typical signs of damage caused by Pratylenchus spp. and included cell disorganization and lack of membrane integrity, disintegration of cytoplasm, hypertrophy of some nuclei, and deposition of tannin‐like granules. This detailed characterization of P. curvicauda–host interaction indicates the nematode is likely to be a pest of major crops, and attention should be given to its management.
Orchestrating Regionalism: The Interamerican Development Bank and the Central American Electric System
Authors: Palestini Stefano 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhy have Central American states been able to deliver public goods in the energy sector when most experiences of energy regionalism in Latin American have run into deadlock? Through process‐tracing the different factors that transformed the Central American Electric System (SIEPAC) from a policy‐idea into a fully operative supranational market, this article finds that the Interamerican Development Bank was the orchestrator of governments, national utilities, and extra‐regional state and market actors resulting in the production of energy infrastructure and improved energy security for Central American countries. Through three mechanisms—brokering, agenda‐setting, and assistance—the Interamerican Development Bank kept the cooperation agenda ongoing despite coordination problems and member states' divergent preferences. The article concludes that regional development banks are particularly well‐suited orchestrators of highly technical regionalism initiatives, such as energy integration, because they combine the input‐legitimacy of an intergovernmental organization, the know‐how of an epistemic community, and the resources of a bank. More research is needed to compare the role of various regional development banks in regionalism initiatives in the global South.
Complicated grief following job loss: Risk factors for its development and maintenance
Authors: van Eersel Janske H. W. , Taris Toon W. , Boelen Paul A. 
Published: June 2020

Increasing evidence shows that job loss can lead to symptoms of complicated grief (CG). However, little is known about which factors relate to the development and maintenance of CG symptoms following job loss. This study aimed to examine risk factors for the development and maintenance of job loss‐related CG symptoms. For this study 485 Dutch workers who had lost their job were recruited (239 men and 246 women), with an average age of 50.2 years. A subsample of 128 participants also completed questionnaires at a six‐month follow‐up. We conducted correlational and multiple regression analyses (MRA) to examine the influence of the former work situation, coping strategies, and negative cognitions on job loss‐related CG symptoms. MRA results showed that belief in an unjust world was related to job loss‐related CG symptoms, cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. Further, there was a significant relationship between CG symptoms following job loss and a preference for maladaptive coping over adaptive coping styles and a low level of self‐esteem. This effect remained stable over time. These findings can inform the development of interventions for and early detection of job loss‐related CG symptoms.
Violence, Trust, and Public Support for the Colombian Peace Agreement
Authors: Esparza Diego , Martinez Valerie , Branton Regina , King Kimi , Meernik James 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveAs peace agreements have increasingly been put to a popular vote in places such as Northern Ireland, South Sudan, and Colombia, there is a corresponding practical and theoretical interest in understanding what factors influence public opinion toward the peace? We contend that support for peace in Colombia, as in other postwar contexts, is most powerfully shaped by individuals’ assessments of two critical factors—the level of violence experienced and trust in the conflict actors. More specifically, we hypothesize that greater experience with violence by the conflict actors and greater levels of trust regarding these actors are the critical dimensions of support for peace.MethodsWe use a regression model of support for the Colombian peace agreement more generally, as well as voters' intentions regarding the peace agreement vote.ResultsWe find that support for peace is most heavily dependent on contextual violence and trust. However, those who most trusted the conflict actors were among those least likely to indicate they intended to vote, which may help explain why the peace referendum failed.ConclusionMaintaining public support for the Colombian peace agreement will depend on rebuilding trust and providing government security and assistance in previously marginalized areas.
COVID‐19, Virtual Church Services and a New Temporary Geography of Home
Authors: Bryson John R. , Andres Lauren , Davies Andrew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown measures implemented by the United Kingdom government from 23 March 2020 led to unprecedented adaptations from individuals and communities including places of worship, their clergy and congregations. This paper through a multi‐disciplinary dialogue between human geography and theology explores the interrelations between place, space and the spiritual. It identifies the bricolage mechanisms that were developed rapidly by churches to shift towards providing virtual church services. This was an uncommon practice by Christian denominations in the UK. COVID‐19 changed the rules requiring new practices to emerge resulting in a new form of infrasecular space to emerge. Such rapid transformations through the provision of online services and virtual embeddedness blurred the lines between sacred and secular spaces. During virtual services, the minister’s home is temporally linked to the homes of congregants forming an intersacred space. Homes and spaces within homes are transformed into temporary sacred spaces.
Validation of a type 1 diabetes algorithm using electronic medical records and administrative healthcare data to study the population incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Weisman Alanna , Tu Karen , Young Jacqueline , Kumar Matthew , Austin Peter C , Jaakkimainen Liisa , Lipscombe Lorraine , Aronson Ronnie , Booth Gillian L 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionWe aimed to develop algorithms distinguishing type 1 diabetes (T1D) from type 2 diabetes in adults ≥18 years old using primary care electronic medical record (EMRPC) and administrative healthcare data from Ontario, Canada, and to estimate T1D prevalence and incidence.Research design and methodsThe reference population was a random sample of patients with diabetes in EMRPC whose charts were manually abstracted (n=5402). Algorithms were developed using classification trees, random forests, and rule-based methods, using electronic medical record (EMR) data, administrative data, or both. Algorithm performance was assessed in EMRPC. Administrative data algorithms were additionally evaluated using a diabetes clinic registry with endocrinologist-assigned diabetes type (n=29 371). Three algorithms were applied to the Ontario population to evaluate the minimum, moderate and maximum estimates of T1D prevalence and incidence rates between 2010 and 2017, and trends were analyzed using negative binomial regressions.ResultsOf 5402 individuals with diabetes in EMRPC, 195 had T1D. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the best performing algorithms were 80.6% (75.9–87.2), 99.8% (99.7–100), 94.9% (92.3–98.7), and 99.3% (99.1–99.5) for EMR, 51.3% (44.0–58.5), 99.5% (99.3–99.7), 79.4% (71.2–86.1), and 98.2% (97.8–98.5) for administrative data, and 87.2% (81.7–91.5), 99.9% (99.7–100), 96.6% (92.7–98.7) and 99.5% (99.3–99.7) for combined EMR and administrative data. Administrative data algorithms had similar sensitivity and specificity in the diabetes clinic registry. Of 11 499 711 adults in Ontario in 2017, there were 24 789 (0.22%, minimum estimate) to 102 140 (0.89%, maximum estimate) with T1D. Between 2010 and 2017, the age-standardized and sex-standardized prevalence rates per 1000 person-years increased (minimum estimate 1.7 to 2.56, maximum estimate 7.48 to 9.86, p<0.0001). In contrast, incidence rates decreased (minimum estimate 0.1 to 0.04, maximum estimate 0.47 to 0.09, p<0.0001).ConclusionsPrimary care EMR and administrative data algorithms performed well in identifying T1D and demonstrated increasing T1D prevalence in Ontario. These algorithms may permit the development of large, population-based cohort studies of T1D.
Patient pathways of tuberculosis care-seeking and treatment: an individual-level analysis of National Health Insurance data in Taiwan
Authors: Ku Chu-Chang , Chen Chien-Chou , Dixon Simon , Lin Hsien Ho , Dodd Peter J 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionPatients with tuberculosis (TB) often experience difficulties in accessing diagnosis and treatment. Patient pathway analysis identifies mismatches between TB patient care-seeking patterns and service coverage, but to date, studies have only employed cross-sectional aggregate data.MethodsWe developed an algorithmic approach to analyse and interpret patient-level routine data on healthcare use and to construct patients’ pathways from initial care-seeking to treatment outcome. We applied this to patients with TB in a simple random sample of one million patients’ records in the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. We analysed heterogeneity in pathway patterns, delays, service coverage and patient flows between different health system levels.ResultsWe constructed 7255 pathways for 6258 patients. Patients most commonly initially sought care at the primary clinic level, where the capacity for diagnosing TB patients was 12%, before eventually initiating treatment at higher levels. Patient pathways are extremely heterogeneous prior to diagnosis, with the 10% most complex pathways accounting for 48% of all clinical encounters, and 55% of those pathways yet to initiate treatment after a year. Extended consideration of alternative diagnoses was more common for patients aged 65 years or older and for patients with chronic lung disease.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that longitudinal analysis of routine individual-level healthcare data can be used to generate a detailed picture of TB care-seeking pathways. This allows an understanding of several temporal aspects of care pathways, including lead times to care and the variability in patient pathways.
The cost of maternal health services in low-income and middle-income countries from a provider’s perspective: a systematic review
Authors: Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi , Abejirinde Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade , Ayomoh Francis Ifeanyi , Banke-Thomas Oluwasola , Eboreime Ejemai Amaize , Ameh Charles Anawo 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionMaternal health services are effective in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with pregnancy and childbirth. We conducted a systematic review on costs of maternal health services in low-income and middle-income countries from the provider’s perspective.MethodsWe searched multiple peer-reviewed databases (including African Journal Online, CINAHL Plus, EconLit, Popline, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature for relevant articles published from year 2000. Articles meeting our inclusion criteria were selected with quality assessment done using relevant cost-focused criteria of the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist. For comparability, disaggregated costs data were inflated to 2019 US$ equivalents. Costs and cost drivers were systematically compared. Where heterogeneity was observed, narrative synthesis was used to summarise findings.ResultsTwenty-two studies were included, with most studies costing vaginal and/or caesarean delivery (11 studies), antenatal care (ANC) (9) and postabortion care (PAC) (8). Postnatal care (PNC) has been least costed (2). Studies used different methods for data collection and analysis. Quality of peer-reviewed studies was assessed average to high while all grey literature studies were assessed as low quality. Following inflation, estimated provision cost per service varied (ANC (US$7.24–US$31.42); vaginal delivery (US$14.32–US$278.22); caesarean delivery (US$72.11–US$378.940; PAC (US$97.09–US$1299.21); family planning (FP) (US$0.82–US$5.27); PNC (US$5.04)). These ranges could be explained by intercountry variations, variations in provider type (public/private), facility type (primary/secondary) and care complexity (simple/complicated). Personnel cost was mostly reported as the major driver for provision of ANC, skilled birth attendance and FP. Economies of scale in service provision were reported.ConclusionThere is a cost savings case for task-shifting and encouraging women to use lower level facilities for uncomplicated services. Going forward, consensus regarding cost component definitions and methodologies for costing maternal health services will significantly help to improve the usefulness of cost analyses in supporting policymaking towards achieving Universal Health Coverage.
Prehospital notification of injured patients presenting to a trauma centre in India: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Kumar Vineet , O'Reilly Gerard , Cameron Peter , Gupta Amit , Pandit Amol P , Soni Kapil D , Kaushik Gaurav , Mathew Joseph , Howard Teresa , Fahey Madonna , Stephenson Michael , Dharap Satish , Patel Pankaj , Thakor Advait , Sharma Naveen , Walker Tony , Misra Mahesh C , Gruen Russell L , Fitzgerald Mark C 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of a mobile phone application for prehospital notification on resuscitation and patient outcomes.DesignLongitudinal prospective cohort study with preintervention and postintervention cohorts.SettingMajor trauma centre in India.ParticipantsInjured patients being transported by ambulance and allocated to red (highest) and yellow (medium) triage categories.InterventionA prehospital notification application for use by ambulance and emergency clinicians to notify emergency departments (EDs) of an impending arrival of a patient requiring advanced lifesaving care.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of eligible patients arriving at the hospital for which prehospital notification occurred. Secondary outcomes were the availability of a trauma cubicle, presence of a trauma team on patient arrival, time to first chest X-ray, and ED and in-hospital mortality.ResultsData from January 2017 to January 2018 were collected with 208 patients in the preintervention and 263 patients in the postintervention period. The proportion of patients arriving after prehospital notification improved from 0% to 11% (p<0.001). After the intervention, more patients were managed with a trauma call-out (relative risk (RR) 1.30; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.52); a trauma bay was ready for more patients (RR 1.47; 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.05) and a trauma team leader present for more patients (RR 1.50; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.10). There was no difference in time to the initial chest X-ray (p=0.45). There was no association with mortality at hospital discharge (RR 0.94; 95% CI: 0.72 to 1.23), but the intervention was associated with significantly less risk of patients dying in the ED (RR 0.11; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.39).ConclusionsThe prehospital notification application for severely injured patients had limited uptake but implementation was associated with improved trauma reception and reduction in early deaths. Quality improvement efforts with ongoing data collection using the trauma registry are indicated to drive improvements in trauma outcomes in India.Trial registration numberNCT02877342.
Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression, general depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress (PODSAS) among mothers during their 4-week postnatal follow-up in five public health clinics in Perak: A study protocol for a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohammad Redzuan Saidatul Akmar , Suntharalingam Priyasini , Palaniyappan Thenmoli , Ganasan Venotha , Megat Abu Bakar Puteri Normalina , Kaur Paream , Marmuji Lili Zuryani , Ambigapathy Subashini , Paranthaman V , Chew Boon How 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionPostpartum depression, general depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress (PODSAS) are often overlooked, and may cause morbidity to new mothers, their babies and families. This study aims to determine the point prevalence of depression (post partum and general), anxiety and stress among mothers in five public health clinics in Perak at 4 weeks postdelivery and identify their associated risk factors. Findings from this study will be used to identify the needs for early screening and detection, encourage development of interventions to reduce its occurrence and support mothers with PODSAS.Methods and analysisThis cross-sectional study will recruit 459 postpartum mothers during their 4-week postnatal follow-up in five selected public health clinics in Perak from September 2019 to May 2020. Participants will be mothers aged 18 years and above at 4 weeks postdelivery who are able to understand the English and Malay languages. Non-Malaysians and mothers with known diagnosis of psychotic disorders will be excluded from the study. Sociodemographic information and possible risk factors of the participants will be captured via a set of validated questionnaires, postpartum depression (PPD) will be measured using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale questionnaire and general depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress will be measured using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Data analysis will be conducted using SPSS V.25.0 (IBM). Besides descriptive statistics, multivariable regression analyses will be done to identify possible risk factors and their independent associations with depression (PPD and general depressive symptoms, combined and separately), anxiety and stress.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia on 7 August 2019. Results of this study will be reported and shared with the local health stakeholders and disseminated through conference proceedings and journal publications.Registration numberThis study is registered in the Malaysian National Medical Research Register with the ID: NMRR-19-868-47647
Consumers’ consciousness of health-friendly products and services and its association with sociodemographic characteristics and health status: a cross-sectional survey of the South Korean population
Authors: Yun Young Ho , Sim Jin Ah , Kim Yaeji , Lee Sujee , Kim Kyoung-Nam 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo identify consumers’ consciousness of health-friendly products and services (consumer reaction, purchase intention and willingness to pay more) and its association with sociodemographic characteristics and multidimensional health status.MethodsFrom March to May 2018, we administered questionnaires to 1200 individuals from the general Korean population asking about their perception of health-friendly labels, and if they would purchase such labelled products (foods, pharmaceuticals, etc) and services (purifying water, preventing air pollution, etc) at extra cost.ResultsThe participants placed a high value on the importance of mental, social, spiritual and physical health factors in terms of the company’s products and services with a score of about 8 out of 10 (range, 7.74–8.33). Most respondents (72.4%) said that they were interested in adopting health-friendly labels. When a health-friendly label is introduced (such as one by the Business for Social Responsiveness), 65.1% of the respondents said that they intended to purchase the product or service, while 6.8% said that they did not and 75.0% said that they were willing to pay extra for the health-friendly product or service. Multivariate logistic regression models showed urban residence, high education level and good social health to be significantly associated with positive attitudes towards health-friendly labels. People with high income, no religion or normal weight were more likely to say that they intend to purchase products and services with health-friendly labels. They also had a more positive attitude towards paying more for such products and services, as did people with good spiritual health.ConclusionThis study provides data that illustrate the importance of health-friendly products and services to the general population and companies.