bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monolithic thin-disk laser and amplifier concept
Authors: Lorbeer Raoul-Amadeus , Ewers Benjamin , Santek Christopher , Beisecker Denise , Speiser Jochen , Dekorsy Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Thin-disk lasers are indispensable in photonics research as well as in a multitude of industrial applications. They represent a unique class of laser and amplifier architecture that provides kW output power with excellent properties concerning beam quality, long-term stability, thermal management, and power scalability. For many applications, a reduced complexity of the laser and its size would be highly beneficial. The necessary multipass transitions in thin-disk lasers and amplifiers typically require sophisticated multi-mirror arrangements. Here, we present a monolithic version of the pump concept for thin-disk lasers and amplifiers, where the thin disk is replaced by a thin, wedged gain medium acting as a wedged optical trap. The wedge is coated in a peculiar manner in order to allow for efficient in- and out-coupling of the pump and laser radiation from the wedge. This concept transfers the complexity of the multi-mirror optics into the thin disk itself in a monolithic fashion. With this concept, we achieved 890 W of CW output power, 59% slope efficiency, optical-to-optical efficiency of 50%, and a gain factor greater than 10 for small signals. This demonstrates that this new concept is capable of reaching the kW power regime with minimum complexity and size.
Esophageal Pathophysiologic Changes and Adenocarcinoma After Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jaruvongvanich Veeravich , Matar Reem , Ravi Karthik , Murad M. Hassan , Vantanasiri Kornpong , Wongjarupong Nicha , Ungprasert Patompong , Vargas Eric J. , Maselli Daniel B. , Prokop Larry J. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:
To assess the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on acid reflux and esophageal motor function and to evaluate the observation of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) after bariatric surgery.

METHODS:
We searched 5 databases for adults who underwent SG or RYGB and had esophageal pH test and/or esophageal manometry before and after surgery. A separate systemic search of observational studies and a retrospective review at 3 institutions of adults who developed EAC after these surgeries were conducted. Outcomes were changes in manometric and pH parameters and EAC cases after SG and RYGB.

RESULTS:
A total of 27 nonrandomized studies (SG: 612 patients; RYGB: 470 patients) were included. After SG, lower esophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal body amplitude were decreased and the risk of ineffective esophageal motility was increased. Total and recumbent acid exposure times were increased. After RYGB, an increased risk of ineffective esophageal motility was observed. Total, upright, and recumbent acid exposure times were decreased. The total reflux episodes remained unchanged but with increased nonacid reflux and decreased acid reflux events. Including our largest series, 31 EAC cases have been reported to date after SG and RYGB.

DISCUSSION:
This systematic review demonstrates increased acid reflux after SG and decreased acid reflux after RYGB. An observed increased nonacid reflux after RYGB might contribute to failure of gastroesophageal reflux disease improvement. This refluxate might be noxious to the esophagus, warranting further studies. RYGB might not entirely preserve esophageal function as previously believed.
Acute Phase Proteins response and their clinical application in veterinary medicine
Authors: Di Filippo Paula Alessandra , Rocha Sousa Wesley Matheus , Stedile Fujimoto Thaís Ayumi , Dantas Mota Francisco Claudio , Alves Aracelle Elisane 
Published: August 2020

Acute phase proteins (APP) are the group of blood proteins that the synthesis happens in a quick and intense manner in response to external or internal challenges, such as infection, inflammation, surgical trauma or stress. These proteins have been used as biomarkers of inflammation, infection and trauma in human medicine, but have been relatively under-utilised in the context of veterinary medicine due to the unknown diagnostic possibilities.
The purpose of this paper is to update the knowledge about APPs in veterinary medicine, reviewing results from different studies suggesting possible clinical applicability of APP measurement as a valuable tool for veterinary diagnostic and prognostic.
Psychosocial distress among patients with cancer at a county referral hospital in Kenya
Authors: Justin Kinoti Francis , Oluchina Sherry , Wambua Mbithi Bernard 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Cancer diagnosis and treatment are emotionally draining to patients and their caregivers. For a long time, treatment for cancer has been associated with pain, suffering and death. These negative consequences of cancer create psychosocial effects such as anxiety and fear. Therefore, there is need to recognize and accurately identify this psychosocial distress problems on patients with cancer by healthcare providers to figure out interventions for these psychosocial issues.Objective: To assess the psychosocial distress among patients with cancer attending the Machakos county referral hospital palliative care unit.Subjects and Methods: Data were collected through descriptive cross-sectional design where a total of 97 patients were interviewed and filled the questionnaires and the National Cancer Center Network distress thermometer and problem list. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 24. Descriptive statistics such as the means, standard deviation and frequencies were generated and Pearson Chi square test of association computed to determine the associations between the independent and the dependent variables. The confidence interval was set at 95% (pâ‰¤ 0.05).Results: The study findings revealed that 72.2% of the respondents were distressed. Majority (83.3%) of the respondents reported being in pain, 64.9% of them cited problems with decision making about treatment, while 59.8% of the respondents said that they were experiencing fatigue. Other issues cited by the respondents included financial constraints and facing difficulties while eating. The study results also showed that there was statistically significant association between having psychosocial distress and gender (P=0.015) and cancer treatment (P=0.015).Conclusion: There is a very high prevalence of psychosocial distress among patients with cancer with the leading psychosocial distress problem being pain.Â Â Â
Characterization of Ficus benjamina and Artocarpus heterophyllus Proteases as Potential Rennet Alternatives
Authors: Sukmana Andreas Binar Aji , Widyaningrum Indy , Lani Rischa Karmila , Kasmiyati Sri 
Published: August 2020

Rennet, a milk coagulant exhibiting proteolytic activity, is a crucial component in cheese industries. Its price and availability have discouraged the growth of some small scale cheese industries. Therefore, an alternative for rennet will be beneficial for the industries. Among other sources, plant proteases offer some advantages as rennet alternatives. This study aimed to investigate the potential of plant proteases obtained from the latex as potential rennet alternatives. A total of six plants from the genus Ficus and Artocarpus were screened for their proteolytic activity and milk coagulating ability. The screening indicated that all six tested plants displayed proteolytic activity at various levels, but only Ficus benjamina and Artocarpus heterophyllus produced a firm milk curd. Hence, both F. benjamina and A. heterophyllus were determined to be the most potential. Further characterizations suggested that F. benjamina and A. heterophyllus protease were optimum at pH 7.0 also at 50°C and 40°C, respectively. At their optimum conditions, both proteases exhibited a lower MCA/PA ratio than that of the rennet. This study contributed to scientific knowledge development by becoming the first to characterize the optimum conditions of F. benjamina and A. heterophyllus’ proteases, investigate their MCA/PA ratio, and compare their activity against commercial rennet. The examination of their potentials as rennet alternatives could benefit small cheese industries and the communities.
Raw Secondary Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10 in Tapioca Flour Towards Cucumber Damping-off
Authors: Soesanto Loekas , Ilahiyyah Hidayatul , Mugiastuti Endang , Manan Abdul , Rostaman Rostaman 
Published: August 2020

Trichoderma harzianum is effective for controlling soil-borne pathogenic fungi and producing secondary metabolites. When applied in the field, the raw secondary metabolites are quickly decreased directly by sunlight. One strategy to avoid degradation is the use of tapioca fluor liquid formula for biological control agents. This research aimed to obtain the most effective concentration of tapioca flour in development of raw secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10, its effect on damping-off and growth of cucumber. This research was carried out at the screen house and the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University from September 2017 up to January 2018. The study was conducted in two stages, i.e., in vitro and in planta. The in vitro stage used completely randomized design with five repetitions and five treatments consisted of T. harzianum T10 in Potato Dextrose Broth, and in 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2% of tapioca flour media. In in planta, randomized block design was used with five repetitions and six treatments consisted of control, T. harzianum T10 in PDB, and in 0.5; 1; 1.5, and 2% of tapioca flour media. Variables observed were density of conidia, disease incubation period, disease incidence, AUDPC, maximum growth potential, germination ability, plant height, canopy fresh weight, root length, and fresh root weight. Result of the research showed that the highest conidial density (1.23 x 107 conidia mL-1) of T. harzianum T10 was found in 2% tapioca flour with an increase of 63.28% compared to the PDB. The tapioca flour of 1 and 2%, and PDB could suppress the disease incidence by 81.82%. The lowest AUDPC was at 2% tapioca flour. The raw secondary metabolites could not delay the incubation period significantly and increase cucumber plant growth. The novelty is the use of antagonistic fungi in terms of raw secondary metabolites and the discovery of tapioca flour with the right concentration to produce high conidia density and high raw secondary metabolites. The benefits are to find other cheaper ingredients in promoting antagonistic fungal growth and the use of antagonistic fungal bioactive compounds to control plant pathogen
Clove Oil Extraction by Steam Distillation and Utilization of Clove Buds Waste as Potential Candidate for Eco-Friendly Packaging
Authors: Ratri Paramita Jaya , Ayurini Meri , Khumaini Khabib , Rohbiya Azka 
Published: August 2020

As a tropical country which has abundant of spices, Indonesia is challenged to increase the economic values of spices commodity in raw material form (wet or dry). One way to raise the economic values of these commodities is by modifying into its derivatives. Clove is one of spices commodity which can be processed furthermore into an essential oil. By transforming clove from raw material to essential oil, the economic value increases from 2 to 20 times per kilogram. In this present research, the extraction time of clove oil using steam hydro distillation is reported. The distillation procedure was conducted in various times, that was in 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours. Furthermore, the clove oil sample that obtained from optimum extraction time was characterized using FTIR and GCMS. Then the result was compared to the commercial clove oil (100 % of purity). In support of sustainability process, then the clove buds waste from steam distillation were challenging to be one of eco-friendly packaging candidates. Two compositions of waste and additional material have been investigated in this study. It found that the best composition was composed of clove buds waste powder: recycled paper (7:3). During the casting process, some additives material was added such as tapioca (20%) and chitosan (1 %) in acid solution in order to improve its mechanical properties. Furthermore, thermal degradability of the eco-friendly packaging was studied. It was started to degrade at 286.58oC. According to this research, the cloves buds’ cardboard was quite potential to be developed as commercial eco-friendly packaging.
The importance of information upon applying IFRS in financial entities that trade at the Colombian stock market
Authors: Laverde Sarmiento Miguel Angel , Garcia Carrillo Jorge Fernando , Lezama Palomino Juan Carlos , Patiño Jacinto Alejandra 
Published: August 2020

The aim of this research is to determine whether the implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the companies of the financial sector listed on the Colombian Stock Exchange has greater relevance compared to the previous accounting regulatory framework known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in Colombia, for the years 2009 to 2016. Taking into account the concept of valorative relevance that indicates that the accounting information is relevant if it affects the stock price reflected in the capital market exchange. To determine this relationship, an adaptation of the model proposed by Ohlson (1995) is used, because it is the most frequently used to measure relevance. The modifications made to the model were to include accounting variables of financial instruments of assets and liabilities to better measure the impact of the IFRS. On a general level, the conclusion is reached that the valorative relevance of financial companies listed on the stock exchange between 2009 and 2016, does not change due to the application of the IFRS. The results are because the regulation that financial companies that are listed on the stock exchange of Colombia are subject to has contributed to the relevance being maintained before and after the application of the new regulatory framework. however, when carrying out the study of the information taking into account only the variables and taking into account the regulations under the IFRS, they present a greater degree of significance.
Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: MacIver S. , MacDonald D. , Prokopich C. Lisa 
Published: August 2020

Glaucoma is the most common form of irreversible blindness in the world, and second only to cataract among all causes of blindness. There is still no universally agreed-upon definition of glaucoma, and as such, it remains a condition for which there are differing views on the classification of individuals within the continuum of suspicion through diagnosis. Regardless, there appears to be consensus that glaucoma refers to a group of diseases that manifest as a characteristic progressive optic neuropathy and retinal ganglion cell loss that eventually leads to a permanent loss of visual field.
Glaucoma is a major public health issue because individuals are typically asymptomatic until end stages of the disease when the associated vision loss is significant and irreversible. Studies have shown that the prevalence of undetected glaucoma is as high as 50% even in high income areas including North America and Australia, increasing to 90% in middle and low income areas such as Asia and Africa. This is at least in part a result of inadequate screening tools and strategies to detect this asymptomatic disease: without more individuals accessing routine eye examinations, glaucoma will continue to go undetected.
Vision loss from glaucoma imposes significant societal and economic burdens that increase with disease severity: the direct costs of vision loss from glaucoma exceed $300 million annually in Canada, and approach $2 billion across North America.
Effet de la thérapie visuelle sur les mesures de la fonction oculomotrice chez les patients atteints du syndrome de post-commotion
Authors: Rollett Paul , Morandi Garrett 
Published: August 2020

La dysfonction oculomotrice est un symptôme courant du syndrome de post-commotion (SPC). Dans cette étude, on a étudié rétrospectivement l’efficacité de la thérapie visuelle (TV) pour le traitement des symptômes liés au SPC par rapport au système visuel. Dans l’ensemble, 56 patients ont été sélectionnés, qui présentaient tous une déficience sur le plan clinique d’au moins une mesure du fonctionnement oculomoteur. Les activités liées à la TV étaient grandement variées et établies au cas par cas, mais elles visaient toutes à améliorer l’une des cinq principales fonctions visuelles. À la suite de la TV, tous les patients ont démontré des améliorations statistiquement ou cliniquement significatives, comme définies par l’utilisation des normes de Morgan, dans au moins une mesure du fonctionnement oculomoteur lié au SPC. En général, les améliorations les plus importantes des mesures du fonctionnement oculomoteur concernaient le point de convergence proche, la flexibilité de vergence et la flexibilité d’accommodation. Les patients qui ont suivi 20 séances de TV avaient de meilleurs résultats (aussi moins variables) que ceux qui ont suivi entre 5 et 10 séances. De plus, la TV a diminué les symptômes d’inconfort visuel chez les patients qui présentaient un SPC. Les résultats de cette analyse rétrospective démontrent des améliorations importantes dans les résultats mesurés pour tous les patients qui ont suivi une TV et appuient la TV comme option de traitement pour les symptômes du SPC.
Case Report: Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Kwon Hyukjin , MacIver Sarah 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: To report on posterior ischemic optic neuropathies, a vascular disorder that happens in the posterior part of the optic nerve and therefore, usually does not present with optic disc edema.
Case Report: This is a case report on a posterior ischemic optic neuropathy with an uncharacteristic presentation. It highlights the importance of understanding the different pathophysiology of PION vs anterior ischemic optic neuropathies in order to help differentiate the two clinically and includes a literature review of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
Mid-peripheral corneal steepening after orthokeratology
Authors: OUZZANI Mhamed , Wright Catherine Johanna , Sorbara Luigina 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to retrospectively examine data from patients who had undergone orthokeratology (OK) to quantify the amount of mid-perpheral steeping in tangential curvature (MP-TC) and total refractive power (TRP) changes.
Methods:
Charts were reviewed from participants and data from the Pentacam instrument were collected prior to OK and after the final visit. Variables included central flattening (C-TC), the e-value, the mid-peripheral tangential curvatures (MP-TC), total corneal refractive power (TRP), the initial Rx (sphere) and initial corneal curvature (flat K). The group was further subdivided into high and low myopia for comparison. All participants were fitted with the Paragon CRT lenses. Data analysis was conducted to analyse the effects of lenses on TC and TRP.
Results:
A total of 40 patients (80 eyes) age13.95±6.80, 34 M and 46 F, were successfully fitted with CRT lenses. The average sphere was -4.23±0.90D for Group 1 and -1.89±0.62D for Group 2 The changes in TC and TRP from baseline were significant (both P<0.0001). The difference between the amount of C-TC and the maximum area of MPTC was ≈4.00D in the horizontal meridian and ≈3.00 in the veritcal meridian. The amount of MP-TC change from baseline was ≈2.00D in both meridians. There was a similar change in TRP: the distance from the centre to mid-periphery ≈2.50D. For C-TC, C-TRP, MP-TC, MP-TRP there was no significant difference between the 2 groups, overall (P=0.541 (TC) and P=0.321(TRP)).
Conclusion:
Results from this study should provide valuable insights into the topographic and refractive changes occurring with orthokeratology.
Comment avoir des conversations difficiles avec vos patients
Authors: Pankhurst Kaia 
Published: August 2020

Comme tout professionnel de la santé, les optométristes doivent parfois aborder des sujets difficiles avec leurs patients. Qu’il s’agisse d’un diagnostic effrayant, d’une garantie de monture expirée ou même de mauvaises nouvelles au sujet de la couverture d’assurance, ces conversations sont un élément indissociable de leur travail.
Ni le patient ni le praticien ne se réjouit d’avoir ce genre de discussions, mais les occulter ne constitue pas une option. La meilleure chose à faire est d’aborder les sujets difficiles avec compassion, élégance et clarté.
Voici quelques stratégies que vous pouvez employer lorsque vous avez des conversations difficiles avec vos patients.
A new gold-colored Lepanthes (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae) from Southeast Ecuador
Authors: Baquero Luis E. , Donoso T. Javier J. , Jiménez Marco M. 
Published: August 2020

Lepanthes vere-aurum, a new species of the orchid subtribe Pleurothallidinae, discovered in Zamora Chinchipe province, southeast Ecuador, is described here. We compare L. vere-aurum to L. brenneri, the only similar species, from which it differs in having larger leaves and longer inflorescences. Also, L. vere-aurum has an obovate, concave, long-acuminate dorsal sepal and a concave appendix with a pubescent crest underneath and with a long, pubescent apex,versus a flat, triangular-ovate, acuminate dorsal sepal and a smaller appendix with a ciliate apex in L. brenneri. Some information about its phenology and ecology is additionally provided.
Key Words: Cordillera del Cóndor, endangered orchid, Epidendroideae, Lepanthes brenneri, new orchid species
Autoclave treatment of cakes after pressure oxidation leaching of chalcopyrite concentrates
Authors: Kritskii A. V. , Tretyak M. A. , Karimov К. A. , Naboichenko S. S. 
Published: August 2020

The existing technologies for copper-porphyry ores enrichment, located in deposits in the Urals of Russia, allow the production of chalcopyrite concentrates of the following composition, %: 21.5 Cu, 24.5 Fe, 26.5 S, 0.4 Pb, 17.6 SiO2, 1.8 CaO, 2–6 Au (ppm), 20– 40 Ag (ppm). A conventional technology for processing such concentrates includes autogenous smelting, matte desulfurization and blister copper refining. Pressure oxidation leaching (POX) is considered the most promising alternative technology for chalcopyrite concentrate processing. The POX of concentrates originated from Mikheevskii GOK allow the production a cake of the following chemical composition, %: 56–65 Fe2O3, 25–30 SiO2, 2.7 Ca, 0.3–1.0 Cu, 2–7 S, 0.6–0.8 Pb, 4–12 Au (ppm), 40–80 Ag (ppm); mass loss was 37–45 %. A standard method of cake cyaniding provides satisfactory indicators of precious metal extraction, but it requires a cumbersome area to be arranged for their processing and offers no solution for residue disposal. In this regard, this paper investigates the method of subsequent cake processing using autoclave treatment (AT) for iron removal. The study shows how the following parameters affect the results of this process: t = 110÷210 °C, H2SO4 = 15÷60 g/dm3, τ = 45÷ ÷120 min. A statistic description of the AT operation is developed. Recommended AT conditions (t = 110 °C, H2SO4 = 60 g/dm3, τ = 60÷100 min) allow to obtain the POX cake yield reduced to 30–35 % of the source material with the following composition, %: 28–33 Fe2O3, 47–53 SiO2, 2–5 Ca, 0.6–2.0 Cu, 0.8–1.5 Pb, 2–8 S. At the same time, the content of precious metals in the cake reaches 12–16 Au (ppm) and 80–120 Ag (ppm). Options for using AT products are proposed.