bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation analysis of the impact of photovoltaic systems and energy storage technologies on centralised generation: a case study for Australia
Authors: Brenna Morris , Corradi Alessandro , Foiadelli Federica , Longo Michela , Yaici Wahiba 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn response to climate change concerns, most of the industrialised countries have committed in recent years to increase their share of Renewable Energy Sources to reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions. Therefore, the rapid deployment of small-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems, mainly in residential applications, is starting to represent a considerable portion of the available electrical power generation and, for this reason, the stochastic and intermittent nature of these systems are affecting the operation of centralised generation (CG) resources. Network operators are constantly changing their approach to both short-term and long-term forecasting activities due to the higher complexity of the scenario in which more and more stakeholders have active roles in the network. An increasing number of customers must be treated as prosumers and no longer only as consumers. In this context, storage technologies are considered the suitable solution. These can be necessary in order to solve and fill the problems of the renewable distributed sources are introducing in the management of the network infrastructure. The aim of this work was to create a model in order to evaluate the impact of power generation considering PV systems in Australia along with a model to simulate Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) and Electric Vehicles future contributions using MATLAB. The methodology used to develop these models was based on statistical assumptions concerning the available details about PV systems installed and current storage technologies. It has been shown that in all the scenarios analysed, the future adoption of rooftop PV panels and impact on the CG is incredibly higher than the uptake of energy storage systems. Hence, the influence on the demand will be driven by the behaviour of the PV systems. Only in the hypothetical scenario in which the installations of BESSs will assume comparable levels of the PV systems, it will be possible to better manage the centralised resources.
Communicating with African-American Women Who Have Had a Preterm Birth About Risks for Future Preterm Births
Authors: Bryant Allison S. , Riley Laura E. , Neale Donna , Hill Washington , Jones Theodore B. , Jeffers Noelene K. , Loftman Patricia O. , Clare Camille A. , Gudeman Jennifer 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeAfrican-American women are at higher risk of preterm birth (PTB) compared with other racial/ethnic groups in the USA. The primary objective was to evaluate the level of understanding among a group of African-American women concerning risks of PTB in future pregnancies. Secondary objectives were to evaluate how some women obtain information about PTB and to identify ways to raise their awareness.MethodsSix focus groups were conducted in three locations in the USA during 2016 with women (N = 60) who had experienced ≥ 1 PTB (< 37 weeks of gestation) during the last 5 years. The population was geographically, economically, and educationally diverse.ResultsWe observed a tendency to normalize PTB. Knowledge about potential complications for the infant was lacking and birth weight was prioritized over gestational age as an indicator of PTB. Participants were largely unaware of factors associated with increased PTB risk, such as a previous PTB and race/ethnicity. The most trusted information source was the obstetrical care provider, although participants reported relying on mobile apps, websites, and chat rooms. The optimal time to receive information about PTB risk in subsequent pregnancies was identified as the postpartum visit in the provider’s office.ConclusionsAwareness of the risks of recurrent PTB was limited in this diverse population. Educational programs on the late-stage development of neonates may strengthen knowledge on the relationship between gestational age and PTB and associated health/developmental implications. For educational efforts to be successful, a strong nonjudgmental, positive, solutions-oriented message focused on PTB risk factors is crucial.
Free-standing graphene films embedded in epoxy resin with enhanced thermal properties
Authors: Bustero Izaskun , Gaztelumendi Idoia , Obieta Isabel , Mendizabal María Asun , Zurutuza Amaia , Ortega Amaya , Alonso Beatriz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe poor thermal conductivity of polymer composites has long been a deterrent to their increased use in high-end aerospace or defence applications. This study describes a new approach for the incorporation of graphene in an epoxy resin, through the addition of graphene as free-standing film in the polymeric matrix. The electrical and thermal conductivity of composites embedding two different free-standing graphene films was compared to composites with embedded carbon nanotube buckypapers (CNT-BP). Considerably higher thermal conductivity values than those achieved with conventional dispersing methods of graphene or CNTs in epoxy resins were obtained. The characterisation was complemented with a study of the structure at the microscale by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The films are preconditioned in order to incorporate them into the composites, and the complete manufacturing process proposed allows the production and processing of these materials in large batches. The high thermal conductivity obtained for the composites opens the way for their use in demanding thermal management applications, such as electronic enclosures or platforms facing critical temperature loads.
Deep learning-based automated speech detection as a marker of social functioning in late-life depression
Authors: Little Bethany , Alshabrawy Ossama , Stow Daniel , Ferrier I. Nicol , McNaney Roisin , Jackson Daniel G. , Ladha Karim , Ladha Cassim , Ploetz Thomas , Bacardit Jaume , Olivier Patrick , Gallagher Peter , O'Brien John T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLate-life depression (LLD) is associated with poor social functioning. However, previous research uses bias-prone self-report scales to measure social functioning and a more objective measure is lacking. We tested a novel wearable device to measure speech that participants encounter as an indicator of social interaction.MethodsTwenty nine participants with LLD and 29 age-matched controls wore a wrist-worn device continuously for seven days, which recorded their acoustic environment. Acoustic data were automatically analysed using deep learning models that had been developed and validated on an independent speech dataset. Total speech activity and the proportion of speech produced by the device wearer were both detected whilst maintaining participants' privacy. Participants underwent a neuropsychological test battery and clinical and self-report scales to measure severity of depression, general and social functioning.ResultsCompared to controls, participants with LLD showed poorer self-reported social and general functioning. Total speech activity was much lower for participants with LLD than controls, with no overlap between groups. The proportion of speech produced by the participants was smaller for LLD than controls. In LLD, both speech measures correlated with attention and psychomotor speed performance but not with depression severity or self-reported social functioning.ConclusionsUsing this device, LLD was associated with lower levels of speech than controls and speech activity was related to psychomotor retardation. We have demonstrated that speech activity measured by wearable technology differentiated LLD from controls with high precision and, in this study, provided an objective measure of an aspect of real-world social functioning in LLD.
Implementing evidence-informed deliberative processes in health technology assessment: a low income country perspective
Authors: Kapiriri Lydia , Baltussen Rob , Oortwijn Wija 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential feasibility and utility of evidence-informed deliberative processes (EPDs) in low income country (LIC) contexts. EDPs are implemented in high and middle income countries and thought to improve the quality, consistency, and transparency of decisions informed by health technology assessment (HTA). Together these would ultimately improve the legitimacy of any decision making process. We argue—based on our previous work and in light of the priority setting literature—that EDPs are relevant and feasible within LICs. The extreme lack of resources necessitates making tough decisions which may mean depriving populations of potentially valuable health technologies. It is critical that the decisions and the decision making bodies are perceived as fair and legitimate by the people that are most affected by the decisions. EDPs are well aligned with the political infrastructure in some LICs, which encourages public participation in decision making. Furthermore, many countries are committed to evidence-informed decision making. However, the application of EDPs may be hampered by the limited availability of evidence of good quality, lack of interest in transparency and accountability (in some LICs), limited capacity to conduct HTA, as well as limited time and financial resources to invest in a deliberative process. While EDPs would potentially benefit many LICs, mitigating the identified potential barriers would strengthen their applicability. We believe that implementation studies in LICs, documenting the contextualized enablers and barriers will facilitate the development of context specific improvement strategies for EDPs.
Prenominal bon and bonne in French liaison and enchaînement: An acoustic description
Authors: McBride Adam F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the treatment of oronasal vowel /ↄ̃/ of the prenominal adjective bon (/bↄ̃/) in liaison, as produced by 19 speakers of Northern Metropolitan French. The oronasal vowel of this word has traditionally been identified as a denasalized vowel in liaison, which, when paired with the liaison consonant [n], is typically understood to be produced identically to the feminine form of the adjective bonne (/bↄn/). To verify this supposition, the adjective pair bon/bonne is produced in various contexts and word sequences by each speaker in a series of reading tasks. Six acoustic measures (i.e., A1−P0, A3−P0, center of gravity, F1 bandwidth, F2 and vowel duration) are taken for each token and the resulting data are analysed in a series of regression models. A brief acoustic description is given for the vowel /ↄ̃/ both in and out of liaison, and comparison is made between bon in liaison and the feminine bonne in prevocalic position (e.g., bon ami vs. bonne amie). Analyses indicate that 15 of the 19 speakers seem to produce bon in liaison distinctly from non-liaison bon, but not distinctly from pre-vocalic bonne, which may support suppletive analyses of adjectives in liaison.
Evaluation of exit skin dose for intra-cavitary brachytherapy treatments by the BEBIG 60Co machine using thermoluminescent dosimeters
Authors: Marvi Mina , Gholami Somayeh , Barough Mehdi Salehi , Hosseini Mojtaba , Nabavi Mansooreh , Jaberi Ramin , Mohammadkarim Alireza 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurpose:This study aims to evaluate the application of the exit skin dose (ESD) in verifying the accuracy of intra-cavitary brachytherapy treatments performed by the BEBIG 60Co machine using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs).Materials and methods:Eleven patients who were treated for gynaecological (GYN) malignancy by high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy machine have been considered in this study. A combination of tandem, cylinder and interstitial needles was applied for eight patients while tandem ovoid (TO) applicators were used for the rest (three patients). In order to measure ESD, thermoluminescent dosimetry was performed for each patient. TLDs were placed precisely on the patient’s skin along her symphysis pubis bone (anterior) and left (L)/right (R) sides of her pelvic. Positioning of the dosimeter was accurately determined using fiducial markers in computed tomography (CT) scan imaging, prior to the treatment. Finally, a comparison was made between the calculated dose from the treatment planning system (TPS) and the dose measured by TLDs.Results:About 90% of all cases showed a good agreement (while considering TLD uncertainty ∼5·5%) between TPS dose calculations and TLD measurements. The measured mean values of ESD received to anterior, left and right positions were 56·72, 12·18 and 12·82 cGy, respectively. For three patients, differences up to 11·9% were detected.Conclusion:To conclude, ESD measurement method can be a suitable practical approach for verifying the accuracy of GYN HDR treatment delivery.
Empirical Green's Function Retrieval Using Ambient Noise Source‐Receiver Interferometry
Authors: Chen Yunfeng , Saygin Erdinc 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEmpirical Green's function (EGF) retrieval commonly relies on cross‐correlating the long‐term ambient seismic wavefield that is simultaneously recorded at multiple stations. Recent studies have demonstrated observationally that cross‐correlating the coda of ambient noise cross‐correlation functions enables reconstruction of the EGFs, regardless of the operating time of the stations. In this study, we examine the feasibility of using the nondiffuse energy (i.e., surface waves) of the ambient noise cross‐correlation functions to retrieve EGFs between asynchronous stations. We show that source‐receiver interferometry (SRI), which is conventionally applied to reconstruct virtual seismograms between earthquake‐station pairs, provides an effective framework to retrieve EGFs between asynchronous stations. Our implementation of SRI exploits the nondiffuse wavefield rather than the scattered coda waves that may be contaminated by incoherent energy under nonideal (e.g., sparse, noisy, and short‐duration) network configurations. We demonstrate the robustness of SRI by retrieving asynchronous EGFs and performing seismic tomography between (1) nearby stations and (2) distant temporary arrays from southern Australia. The additional raypaths from asynchronous EGFs provide better illumination of small‐scale crustal structures beneath the regional network. In the larger‐scale example, involving two asynchronous arrays, SRI offers new constraints to the sparsely sampled region along the continental margin of southern Australia. The resulting velocity model agrees well with the independent structural constraints from each seismic array study and sedimentary thickness measurements. This study demonstrates that SRI is a promising tool for integrating seismic arrays operated at different times and can greatly benefit the efforts of improving data coverage and resolution in seismic imaging.
Field‐Aligned Photoelectron Energy Peaks at High Altitude and on the Nightside of Titan
Authors: Cao Y.‐T. , Wellbrock A. , Coates A. J. , Caro‐Carretero R. , Jones G. H. , Cui J. , Galand M. , Dougherty M. K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ionization of N
by strong solar He II 30.4‐nm photons produces distinctive spectral peaks near 24.1 eV in Titan's upper atmosphere, which have been observed by the Electron Spectrometer (ELS) as part of the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer. The ELS observations reveal that, in addition to the dayside, photoelectron peaks were also detected on the deep nightside where photoionization is switched off, as well as at sufficiently high altitudes where the ambient neutral density is low. These photoelectron peaks are unlikely to be produced locally but instead must be contributed by transport along the magnetic field lines from their dayside source regions. In this study, we present a statistical survey of all photoelectron peaks identified with an automatic finite impulse response algorithm based on the available ELS data accumulated during 56 Titan flybys. The spatial distribution of photoelectron peaks indicates that most photoelectrons detected at an altitude above 4,000 km and a solar zenith angle above 100° are field aligned, which is consistent with the scenario of photoelectron transport along the magnetic field lines. Our analysis also reveals the presence of a photoelectron gap in the deep nightside ionosphere where almost no photoelectrons were detected. It appears to be very difficult for photoelectrons to travel to this region, and such a feature may not be driven by the changes in the orientation between the solar and corotation wakes.
Microbial and Reactive Transport Modeling Evidence for Hyporheic Flux‐Driven Cryptic Sulfur Cycling and Anaerobic Methane Oxidation in a Sulfate‐Impacted Wetland‐Stream System
Authors: Ng Gene‐Hua Crystal , Rosenfeld Carla E. , Santelli Cara M. , Yourd Amanda R. , Lange Jack , Duhn Kelly , Johnson Nathan W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study reexamines the common expectations that in freshwater systems, sulfur plays a minor role in carbon cycling, and aerobic processes dominate methane oxidation. In anoxic sediments of a sulfate‐impacted wetland‐stream system in Minnesota (USA), a reactive transport model calibrated to geochemical observations predicted sulfate reduction to be the major terminal electron accepting process, and it showed that anaerobic oxidation of methane predominantly coupled with sulfate reduction attenuated methane concentrations near the sediment‐water interface. Consistent with model results, 16S rRNA microbiome analysis revealed a high relative abundance of taxa capable of dissimilatory sulfate reduction. It further supported the conclusion that high simulated sulfate reduction rates could be maintained by a “cryptic” sulfur cycle coupled to iron and methane. Low relative abundance of known iron reducing bacteria raised the possibility of abiotic ferric iron (Fe) reduction driving sulfide reoxidation to intermediate‐valence sulfur forms; widespread potential for microbially mediated disproportionation, oxidation, and reduction of sulfur intermediates provided mechanisms for completing redox cycles; and archaea comprising up to 25% of the microbial community could include consortia capable of anaerobic oxidation of methane. These biogeochemical processes were found to be controlled by hyporheic fluxes. Lower‐magnitude fluxes in wetland compared to channel sediments created sharper geochemical gradients that generated greater heterogeneity in microbial distributions and reaction rates. Changes in upward flux caused fluctuations in sulfate concentrations that led to alternating simulations of methane production and transport. Our work supports the importance of hyporheic flux‐driven iron‐sulfur‐methane cycling in sulfate‐impacted wetlands and prompts further investigations under freshwater conditions.
Improving the Predictive Skill of a Distributed Hydrological Model by Calibration on Spatial Patterns With Multiple Satellite Data Sets
Authors: Dembélé Moctar , Hrachowitz Markus , Savenije Hubert H. G. , Mariéthoz Grégoire , Schaefli Bettina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHydrological model calibration combining Earth observations and in situ measurements is a promising solution to overcome the limitations of the traditional streamflow‐only calibration. However, combining multiple data sources in model calibration requires a meaningful integration of the data sets, which should harness their most reliable contents to avoid accumulation of their uncertainties and mislead the parameter estimation procedure. This study analyzes the improvement of model parameter selection by using only the spatial patterns of satellite remote sensing data, thereby ignoring their absolute values. Although satellite products are characterized by uncertainties, their most reliable key feature is the representation of spatial patterns, which is a unique and relevant source of information for distributed hydrological models. We propose a novel multivariate calibration framework exploiting spatial patterns and simultaneously incorporating streamflow and three satellite products (i.e., Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model [GLEAM] evaporation, European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative [ESA CCI] soil moisture, and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment [GRACE] terrestrial water storage). The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature data set is used for model evaluation. A bias‐insensitive and multicomponent spatial pattern matching metric is developed to formulate a multiobjective function. The proposed multivariate calibration framework is tested with the mesoscale Hydrologic Model (mHM) and applied to the poorly gauged Volta River basin located in a predominantly semiarid climate in West Africa. Results of the multivariate calibration show that the decrease in performance for streamflow (−7%) and terrestrial water storage (−6%) is counterbalanced with an increase in performance for soil moisture (+105%) and evaporation (+26%). These results demonstrate that there are benefits in using satellite data sets, when suitably integrated in a robust model parametrization scheme.
A hierarchically assembled 88-nuclei silver-thiacalix[4]arene nanocluster
Authors: Wang Zhi , Su Hai-Feng , Gong Yi-Wen , Qu Qing-Ping , Bi Yan-Feng , Tung Chen-Ho , Sun Di , Zheng Lan-Sun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThiacalix[4]arenes as a family of promising ligands have been widely used to construct polynuclear metal clusters, but scarcely employed in silver nanoclusters. Herein, an anion-templated Ag88 nanocluster (SD/Ag88a) built from p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene (H4TC4A) is reported. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that C4-symmetric SD/Ag88a resembles a metal-organic super calix comprised of eight TC4A4− as walls and 88 silver atoms as base, which can be deconstructed to eight [CrO4@Ag11(TC4A)(EtS)4(OAc)] secondary building units arranged in an annulus encircling a CrO42− in the center. Local and global anion template effects from chromates are individually manifested in SD/Ag88a. The solution stability and hierarchical assembly mechanism of SD/Ag88a are studied by using electrospray mass spectrometry. The Ag88 nanocluster represents the highest nuclearity metal cluster capped by TC4A4−. This work not only exemplify the specific macrocyclic effects of TC4A4− in the construction of silver nanocluster but also realize the shape heredity of TC4A4− to overall silver super calix.
Edible unclonable functions
Authors: Leem Jung Woo , Kim Min Seok , Choi Seung Ho , Kim Seong-Ryul , Kim Seong-Wan , Song Young Min , Young Robert J. , Kim Young L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCounterfeit medicines are a fundamental security problem. Counterfeiting medication poses a tremendous threat to patient safety, public health, and the economy in developed and less developed countries. Current solutions are often vulnerable due to the limited security levels. We propose that the highest protection against counterfeit medicines would be a combination of a physically unclonable function (PUF) with on-dose authentication. A PUF can provide a digital fingerprint with multiple pairs of input challenges and output responses. On-dose authentication can verify every individual pill without removing the identification tag. Here, we report on-dose PUFs that can be directly attached onto the surface of medicines, be swallowed, and digested. Fluorescent proteins and silk proteins serve as edible photonic biomaterials and the photoluminescent properties provide parametric support of challenge-response pairs. Such edible cryptographic primitives can play an important role in pharmaceutical anti-counterfeiting and other security applications requiring immediate destruction or vanishing features.