bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Emission from Jupiter’s Galilean Moons: A Tool for Determining Their Surface Composition and Particle Environment
Authors: Nulsen S. , Kraft R. , Germain G. , Dunn W. , Tremblay G. , Beegle L. , Branduardi-Raymont G. , Bulbul E. , Elsner R. , Hodyss R. , Vance S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We analyze archival Chandra X-ray Observatory observations of Jupiter to search for emission from the Galilean moons. X-ray emission has previously been reported from Io and Europa using a subset of these data. We confirm this detection, and marginally detect X-ray emission from both Ganymede and Callisto as well. The X-ray spectrum of Europa is strongly peaked around the neutral oxygen fluorescence line (525 eV), while Io’s has peaks at both oxygen and sulfur (2308 eV) plus a broad continuum between 350 and 5000 eV. Ganymede’s spectrum is similar to Io’s, but without the sulfur peak. A few events, mostly clustered around the oxygen line, are detected from Callisto. Using measurements by the Galileo mission of the specific intensity of ambient protons and electrons, we model the X-ray spectra and flux of the moons from two processes: particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) from the impact of energetic protons and X-ray emission from electron bremsstrahlung. With uncertainties of a factor of a few, the electron bremsstrahlung and PIXE models overestimate the X-ray flux from Europa, preventing us from making a definitive statement about the origin of the X-ray emission. The PIXE model of Io predicts emission lines at O and S similar to those observed, but underestimates their flux by nearly two orders of magnitude. Based on this discrepancy in the PIXE flux, combined with the detected broadband continuum in the spectrum, we conclude that the X-ray emission from Io is due to electron bremsstrahlung. Likewise, because of Ganymede’s broad continuum, we tentatively conclude that its X-ray emission is also due to electron bremsstrahlung. Callisto is too faint in the X-rays to draw any conclusion. Obtaining in situ X-ray observations of the moons would provide a direct measurement of their elemental composition.
Ions in the Thermosphere of Exoplanets: Observable Constraints Revealed by Innovative Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Bourgalais Jérémy , Carrasco Nathalie , Changeat Quentin , Venot Olivia , Jovanović Lora , Pernot Pascal , Tennyson Jonathan , Chubb Katy L. , Yurchenko Sergey N. , Tinetti Giovanna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
With the upcoming launch of space telescopes dedicated to the study of exoplanets, the Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey (ARIEL) and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), a new era is opening in exoplanetary atmospheric explorations. However, especially in relatively cold planets around later-type stars, photochemical hazes and clouds may mask the composition of the lower part of the atmosphere, making it difficult to detect any chemical species in the troposphere or understand whether there is a surface or not. This issue is particularly exacerbated if the goal is to study the habitability of said exoplanets and search for biosignatures. This work combines innovative laboratory experiments, chemical modeling, and simulated observations at ARIEL and JWST resolutions. We focus on the signatures of molecular ions that can be found in upper atmospheres above cloud decks. Our results suggest that

along with H3O+ could be detected in the observational spectra of sub-Neptunes based on a realistic mixing ratio assumption. This new parametric set may help to distinguish super-Earths with a thin atmosphere from H2-dominated sub-Neptunes to address the critical question of whether a low-gravity planet around a low-mass active star is able to retain its volatile components. These ions may also constitute potential tracers to certain molecules of interest, such as H2O or O2, to probe the habitability of exoplanets. Their detection will be an enthralling challenge for the future JWST and ARIEL telescopes.
On the Physical Association of Fermi-LAT Blazars with Their Low-energy Counterparts
Authors: de Menezes Raniere , D’Abrusco Raffaele , Massaro Francesco , Gasparrini Dario , Nemmen Rodrigo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Associating γ-ray sources to their low-energy counterparts is one of the major challenges of modern γ-ray astronomy. In the context of the Fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope Source Catalog (4FGL), the associations rely mainly on parameters such as apparent magnitude, integrated flux, and angular separation between the γ-ray source and its low-energy candidate counterpart. In this work, we propose a new use of the likelihood ratio (LR) and a complementary supervised learning technique to associate γ-ray blazars in 4FGL, based only on spectral parameters such as the γ-ray photon index, mid-infrared colors, and radio-loudness. In the LR approach, we crossmatch the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Blazar-Like Radio-Loud Sources catalog with 4FGL and compare the resulting candidate counterparts with the sources listed in the γ-ray blazar locus to compute an association probability (AP) for 1138 counterparts. In the supervised learning approach, we train a random forest algorithm with 869 high-confidence blazar associations and 711 fake associations and then compute an AP for 1311 candidate counterparts. A list with all 4FGL blazar candidates of uncertain type associated by our method is provided to guide future optical spectroscopic follow-up observations.
The Effect of Earnings Management on Debt Maturity: An International Study
Authors: Maurice Yao , Mard Yves , Séverin Éric 
Published: May 2020

Cet article examine l’effet de la gestion des résultats sur la maturité de la dette et comment cette relation est influencée par l’environnement institutionnel. L’échantillon est issu de 17 pays européens de l’indice STOXX Europe 600 sur la période 2006-2014. Nos résultats montrent que la gestion des résultats, aussi bien par les accruals discrétionnaires que par la gestion réelle, a un effet négatif sur la dette à long terme. Plus important encore, nous observons que le lien négatif entre la gestion des résultats et la dette à long terme ne tient que dans les pays à faible protection des créanciers. Ce résultat suggère que la bonne protection des créanciers tend à compenser la faiblesse de la qualité de l’information financière des emprunteurs.
« Le portugais est la 7 e langue la plus utilisée au monde ! ». Promotion de la langue portugaise dans deux communautés portugaises en Amérique du Nord
Authors: Scetti Fabio 
Published: May 2020

Cette contribution présente une comparaison entre deux communautés portugaises installées en Amérique du Nord depuis le xx e siècle. Alors que les effectifs diminuent au sein des écoles communautaires portugaises locales, ses membres se mobilisent afin de promouvoir le portugais comme langue du futur et véritable atout. À partir d’une analyse des idéologies linguistiques qui circulent autour du portugais parmi les descendants, nous avons observé les discours qui se construisent en référence au portugais comme langue du passé, marqueur d’identité ainsi que comme langue internationale, outil pour le futur. Notre méthodologie qualitative, basée sur l’observation participante associée à la réalisation d’entretiens semi-dirigés, nous a permis d’analyser les pratiques langagières, en focalisant sur la perception et identification du « bon » portugais, identifié comme norme. Il apparaît enfin, que les pratiques dites mixtes et hybrides, ne cessent d’être mises en cause par la réactivation du paradigme nationaliste prescriptif visant à l’équation une langue = une nation et/ou communauté = une norme.
Nurse Graduates' Perceived Educational Needs After the Death of a Patient: A Descriptive Qualitative Research Study
Authors: Cadavero Allen A. , Sharts-Hopko Nancy C. , Granger Bradi B. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Nurse graduates (NGs) are ill prepared when faced with patient death and dying, despite receiving educational preparation on end-of-life (EOL) care in their prelicensure nursing programs.

Method:

This qualitative descriptive study included a convenience sample of NGs (
n
= 20) who experienced a first adult patient death during their first 18 months of practice at a large teaching hospital with an extensive NG transition program, including preceptor-guided orientations, nurse internship programs, and nurse residency programs.

Results:
Six major themes described the NG experience: Navigating the Process, Not Prepared, Support, Missed Opportunities, Preparing NGs for Death and Dying, and Guiding NGs Through Practice. Critical gaps in preparation were evident across all themes.

Conclusion:

Results of this study suggest specific opportunities for improvement of NGs' readiness to effectively care for patients and families in EOL situations by increasing their exposure to death and dying experiences before graduation and during their first year of practice.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;50(6):267–273.]
Answering the Call: Impact of Tele-ICU Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Arneson Sandy L. , Tucker Sara J. , Mercier Marie , Singh Jaspal 
Published: May 2020

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exacerbated staffing challenges already facing critical care nurses in intensive care units. Many intensive care units have been understaffed and the majority of nurses working in these units have little experience.

Objective
To describe how the skilled tele–intensive care unit nurses in our health system quickly changed from a patient-focused strategy to a clinician-focused approach during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis.

Methods
We modified workflows, deployed home workstations, and changed staffing models with the goal of providing additional clinical support to bedside colleagues while reducing exposure time and conserving personal protective equipment for those caring for this highly contagious patient population. The unit changed focus and granted more than 300 clinicians access to technology that enabled them to care for patients remotely, added nearly 200 mobile carts, and allowed more than 20 tele–intensive care unit nurses to work from home.

Results
Tele–intensive care unit nursing provided clinical knowledge to the nurses covering current and expanded critical care units. Using technology, virtual rounding, and increased collaboration with nurses, tele–intensive care unit nursing minimized the risk to bedside nurses while maintaining a high level of care for patients.

Conclusion
Tele–intensive care unit nurses provided a proactive, holistic approach to caring for critically ill patients via camera as part of their routine workflow. In addition, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, these nurses created a new strategy in virtual health care to be implemented during a crisis.
Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean Vol. X (FORTMED2020)
Authors: Navarro Palazón Julio , García-Pulido Luis José 
Published: May 2020

FORTMED 2020 is the fifth edition of the International Conference on Fortifications of the Mediterranean Coast. The Conference has been held in March 26th, 27th and 28th 2020 in Granada (Spain), at the Laboratory of Archaeology and Architecture of the City (Laboratorio de Arqueología y Arquitectura de la Ciudad, LAAC) of the School of Arabic Studies (Escuela de Estudios Árabes, EEA), a research centre that belongs to the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC). The main objective of FORTMED conferences is to exchange and share knowledge for a better understanding, assessment, management and exploitation of the built Cultural Heritage. The focus is on defensive architecture in the Mediterranean area, from the Antiquity to the present day, although it does not exclude other fortifications built overseas but high influenced by those on the Mediterranean.
Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean Vol. XI (FORTMED2020)
Authors: Navarro Palazón Julio , García-Pulido Luis José 
Published: May 2020

FORTMED 2020 is the fifth edition of the International Conference on Fortifications of the Mediterranean Coast. The Conference has been held in March 26th, 27th and 28th 2020 in Granada (Spain), at the Laboratory of Archaeology and Architecture of the City (Laboratorio de Arqueología y Arquitectura de la Ciudad, LAAC) of the School of Arabic Studies (Escuela de Estudios Árabes, EEA), a research centre that belongs to the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC). The main objective of FORTMED conferences is to exchange and share knowledge for a better understanding, assessment, management and exploitation of the built Cultural Heritage. The focus is on defensive architecture in the Mediterranean area, from the Antiquity to the present day, although it does not exclude other fortifications built overseas but high influenced by those on the Mediterranean.
Cuando los escombros generan valor: del control de las alteraciones a la valorización del legado minero
Authors: Tsiouti Andri 
Published: May 2020

La crisis general de la minería en los años 60 y 70 deja una inmensa cantidad de vestigios dispersos por toda España. Las extracciones alteran gravemente el medio natural, lo que se intenta paliar con disposiciones legales que se van actualizando desde los 80. Se realizan proyectos de restauración en varias explotaciones, que al principio se limitan a intervenciones sencillas de corrección paisajística. Al crecer la sensibilidad ambiental, aparecen proyectos más ambiciosos. Al mismo tiempo, las minas se empiezan a apreciar como lugares de memoria e identidad local. Sin embargo, la preocupación por eliminar la contaminación da lugar, a menudo, a la destrucción de este patrimonio. Este artículo examina primero la evolución de la legislación minera en relación con los proyectos de restauración. Y a continuación plantea algunas reflexiones sobre el difícil equilibrio entre la remediación ambiental y la valorización patrimonial en la experiencia española.
The general crisis of mining sector in the 60s and 70s leaves a huge amount of traces dispersed throughout Spain. Besides that, extractive operations provoke serious alterations on the natural environment that start to be controlled by legal regulations which are being renovated since the 80s. In this context, restoration works get place in various mining sites which in the beginning are limited to simple landscape interventions. Since environmental awareness increases, some more ambitious projects start to appear. At the same time, mines start to be valued as places of memory and local identity. However, the necessity to eliminate contamination results, in many cases, to the destruction of mining heritage. The article examines the evolution of mining legislation in relation to restoration projects. And secondly, some reflections are offered on the difficult balance between environmental remediation and heritage valorisationthrough examples from Spain.
Retorno de paisajes culturales mineros: transformación de las Minas de Zollverein en Essen, Ruhr
Authors: Romero Branchadell Kyra 
Published: May 2020

Las regiones industriales sufren cierta transformación cuando su actividad principal queda obsoleta. Frente a la decadencia, ciudades como Essen en la región del Ruhr, ven la oportunidad de desarrollo sostenible en la regeneración de sus espacios industriales claves como es el caso de la mina de carbón Zollverein. En este artículo se estudia el camino que toma la ciudad por una parte y la fábrica por otra, para regenerar su actividad principal de la industria pesada a la cultural, con hincapié en la regeneración ambiental. Finalmente se comparan ambos caminos, que en realidad fluyen en paralelo, en una ambiciosa sucesión de transformaciones que culminan con grandes eventos como IBA Emscher Park, la Capital Cultural Europea o la Capital Verde Europea, así como importantes reconocimientos como el de Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO. Por tanto, queda probada la efectividad de las intervenciones, al menos, por el momento.
Industrial regions go through transformations when their main activity becomes obsolete. Facing the decline, cities like Essen in the Ruhr region, see the opportunity for sustainable development in the regeneration of their key industrial spaces such as the Zollverein coal mine. This article studies the way the city on the one hand and the factory on the other, shift their main activity from heavy industry to cultural industry, with an emphasis on environmental regeneration. Finally, both paths are compared, which actually flow in parallel, in an ambitious succession of transformations that culminate in major events such as IBA Emscher Park, the European Cultural Capital or the European Green Capital, as well as important recognitions such as World Heritage for the UNESCO. Therefore, the effectiveness of the interventions is proven, at least, for now.
Tecnologías de información geográfica para la gestión del patrimonio territorial: los paisajes culturales de la sal en Chile
Authors: Román López Emilia , González Loyola Mauricio Sebastián 
Published: May 2020

La presente investigación ofrece resultados sobre el estudio de los paisajes culturales salados en Chile y su relación con los existentes en España, concretamente en Andalucía. El interés reside en estudiar áreas con latitudes y culturas similares, ya que las salinas estudiadas utilizan técnicas de producción artesanal, con grandependencia de los ciclos estacionales y la posición geográfica, al utilizar energías renovables. El aspecto cultural también es fundamental, pues ha determinado la aplicación y desarrollo de técnicas de explotación heredadas de la tradición española desde hace más de 400 años, aunque previamente existían salares “naturales” de explotación indígena. Actualmente este valioso patrimonio cultural presenta un importante proceso de abandono y olvido por parte de la sociedad chilena, al igual que ocurre en España. Esta circunstancia es una de las principales causas de su acelerado deterioro y desaparición en los últimos años y, por ello, se pretende fortalecer su conocimiento mediante el empleo de las TIGs.
This research offers results on the study of cultural saltplants in Chile and their relationship with those existing in Spain, specifically in Andalusia. The interest lies in studying areas with similar latitudes and cultures, since the salinas studied use handcrafted production techniques, with great dependence on seasonal cycles and geographical location, using renewable energies. The cultural aspect is also fundamental, since it has determined the application and development of exploitation techniques inherited from the Span ish tradition for more than 400 years, although previously there were "natural" salt flats of indigenous exploitation. Currently, this valuable cultural heritage presents an important process of abandonment and oblivion by Chilean society, as occurs in Spain. This circumstance is one of the main causes of its accelerated deterioration and disappearance in recent years and, therefore, it is intended to strengthen its knowledge through the use of ITCs.
La Enciclopedia Álvarez: recurso adoctrinador de una identidad nacional esencialista
Authors: González García Erika 
Published: May 2020

This article is focused on the identities of peoples, a matter of current relevance, among other reasons because it is linked to the issue of nationalisms. We adopt a uniform and essentialist conception of the being of each people, particularly in dictatorial regimes. This way of conceiving identity is characterized by its consideration of history, ethnic heritage, language, values - considered to be eternal - , together with heroes and their symbols, as the pillars that support it; this is what is called an essentialist identity. We use the three volumes of the Álvarez Encyclopedia as documentary sources. The qualitative methodology used is of a hermeneutical nature, taking into account the contributions of the historical method. The main objective of this research is to reveal what was considered the essence of being Spanish in the Álvarez Encyclopedia, which was the most widely used textbook in the primary schools under the Francoist regime. The textbooks analyzed served as instruments for shaping and conforming children in the ideals of the moment, that is, in national-Catholicism.
Identidades sociales y modos de educación. Entrevista a Julia Varela Fernández
Authors: Galdo Ana Iglesias 
Published: May 2020

After outlining some autobiographical notes that allow us to trace the origins of her interest in school education, and also of her social awareness about the injustices rooted in our social institutions, Professor Julia Varela takes a tour to the beginnings of her training as a sociologist, in the context of May 68 in Paris and at the University of Vincennes, and explains the reasons that led her to decide on historical sociology, on genealogy, as a method of knowledge.Then, taking into account the theme of the present monograph, she deepens on the history of the school system and the weight that the modes of education have not only in the formation of individual subjectivities, but also in social identities, making a journey through three of her works: Modos de educación en la España de la Contrarreforma (1983), Arqueología de la escuela (1991) y Nacimiento de la mujer burguesa (1997, 2019). She also briefly explains the link between these studies and other of her books: A Ulfe (2004), Mujeres con voz propia (2011), Memorias para hacer camino (2016) y Mercedes Valcarce Avello. Maestra de maestros (2018). The interview ends with a brief reflection on the reasons that support the importance of public education today as a lever to favor democratic social changes. A transformation of the educational system at the service of greater freedom and greater equality, as well as in favor of cultural development, would contribute not only to social perfection, but also make the democratic education system a solid breakwater capable of offering resistance to the current swell of neoliberal fundamentalism.
Resistencia docente al cambio: Caracterización y estrategias para un problema no resuelto
Authors: Córica José Luis 
Published: May 2020

La resistencia al cambio entendida como un comportamiento observable en respuesta al desagrado o desafío que sienten los docentes como consecuencia de la introducción de nuevas ideas, métodos o dispositivos es una constante inevitable en las organizaciones educativas. Los sistemas educativos como organizaciones dinámicas cuya misión es ofrecer respuesta a las necesidades de formación de la población han de asumir que el cambio es inevitable y, por lo tanto, lo es también la resistencia al mismo. Se requiere, por tanto, de un estudio que permita encontrar estrategias y vías de incentivo por parte de los gestores institucionales toda vez que los cambios exitosos solo son posibles cuando se ha gestionado correctamente la resistencia al mismo. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un estudio bibliográfico transversal que caracterice la resistencia docente al cambio, sus factores asociados, las tipologías y perfiles comunes y las estrategias posibles para enfrentarla. El resultado es un relevamiento de las distintas concepciones internacionales, los factores, las actitudes y las estrategias sugeridas por la comunidad científica. Es una problemática de larga data, irresuelta y transversal a los países, existiendo un vacío bibliográfico respecto a casos de éxito. Los resultados obtenidos permiten la formulación del marco teórico de acciones de políticas y planes estratégicos que, al contemplar la resistencia docente al cambio, mejoren las posibilidades de permeabilidad de las políticas educativas.