bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A unified linear mixed model for familial relatedness and population structure in genetic association studies
Authors: DeVogel Nicholas , Auer Paul L. , Manansala Regina , Rau Andrea , Wang Tao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFamilial relatedness (FR) and population structure (PS) are two major sources for genetic correlation. In the human population, both FR and PS can further break down into additive and dominant components to account for potential additive and dominant genetic effects. In this study, besides the classical additive genomic relationship matrix, a dominant genomic relationship matrix is introduced. A link between the additive/dominant genomic relationship matrices and the coancestry (or kinship)/double coancestry coefficients is also established. In addition, a way to separate the FR and PS correlations based on the estimates of coancestry and double coancestry coefficients from the genomic relationship matrices is proposed. A unified linear mixed model is also developed, which can account for both the additive and dominance effects of FR and PS correlations as well as their possible random interactions. Finally, this unified linear mixed model is applied to analyze two study cohorts from UK Biobank.
Evaluation of the effect of nanocoated window glazing films on the thermal behavior of buildings
Authors: Almogbel Ahmed M. , Hussain Shafqat , Kalendar Abdulrahim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, different coating samples of antimony tin oxide (ATO) films on clear glass were prepared and their optical and thermal properties were evaluated. Performance parameters such as glass U‐factor, solar heat gain coefficient, temperature distribution, and net heat transfer gain using the glazed walls inside the test room were determined through numerical simulations. The results obtained indicate that the nanocoating thickness and doping level concentration of ATO films have a pronounced effect on the thermal insulation of the window glass. When compared with normal window clear glass, the transmittance of solar radiation for ATO thin‐film coating of thickness 1140 nm reduced from 0.881 to 0.114 in the visible (VIS) region and 0.817 to 0.012 in the infrared (IR) region, whereas radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) region was almost completely blocked. Similarly, for the ATO films with doping level 15%, the transmittance value reduced from 0.742 to 0.432 in the VIS region and from 0.718 to 0.114 in the IR region, and radiation in the UV region was almost totally blocked. Finally from the analysis of results, it was observed that the ATO thin films show exceptional optical and thermal properties and exhibit improved solar blocking behavior when compared with commercially available glazing (eg, from Saudi Arabian glass companies).
The potential use of theranostic bacteria in cancer
Authors: Azizian Khalil , Pustokhina Inna , Ghanavati Roya , Hamblin Michael R. , Amini Abolfazl , Kouhsari Ebrahim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConventional chemotherapy approaches have not been fully successful in the treatment of cancer, due to limitations imposed by the pathophysiology of solid tumors, leading to nonspecific drug uptake by healthy cells, poor bioavailability, and toxicity. Thus, novel therapeutic modalities for more efficient cancer treatment are urgently required. Living bacteria can be used as a theranostic approach for the simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of tumors. Herein, we summarize the currently available literature focused on the advantages and challenges for the use of theranostic bacteria in cancer therapy.
Diversity and dynamic changes of anelloviruses in plasma following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Giménez Estela , Monzó Carolina , Albert Eliseo , Fuentes‐Trillo Azahara , Seda Enrique , Piñana José Luis , Hernández Boluda Juan Carlos , Solano Carlos , Chaves Javier , Navarro David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMonitoring of alphatorquevirus (torque teno virus [TTV]) DNA in plasma may prove to be useful to assess the net state of immune competence following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). There are scarce data published on the prevalence of beta (torque teno mini virus [TTMV]) and gammatorqueviruses (torque teno midi virus [TTMDV]) and, in particular, on the dynamics of anelloviruses in allo‐HSCT patients. Twenty‐five allo‐HSCT recipients with available plasma specimens obtained before conditioning and after engraftment were included. Degenerated primers targeting a highly conserved genomic sequence across all anelloviruses were designed for genomic amplification and high‐throughput sequencing. Co‐detection of TTV, TTMV, and TTMDV both in pre‐transplant and post‐engraftment plasma specimens was documented in more than two‐thirds of patients. The use of quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting TTMV and TTMDV in addition to TTV may add value to TTV‐specific PCR assays in the inference of the net state of immunosuppresion or immune competence in this clinical setting.
Seroprevalence of human alphaherpesvirus 1 and 2 among pregnant women infected or uninfected with Zika virus from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Lima Lyana R. P. , dos Santos Pereira Juliana de S. , de Almeida Nathalia A. A. , de Meneses Marcelo D. F. , Aguiar Shirlei F. , Fernandes Carlos A. S. , Azevedo Renata C. , de Paula Vanessa S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPregnant women are an important group to be monitored for infection due to the risk of transmitting infections to their babies. Both herpes simples virus (HSV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are neurotropic viruses that can be transmitted congenitally. In this study, the prevalence and risk factors of HSV among Zika‐positive and ‐negative pregnant women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were evaluated and compared. About 167 serum samples included in our study were from pregnant women with ZIKV infection symptoms, who were attended to in different hospitals in Rio de Janeiro between November 2015 to February 2016. Blood samples collected from 167 pregnant women were used for this study. The presence of HSV antibodies and viremia were evaluated by commercial ELISA and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses, respectively. The data obtained from medical records were statistically analyzed. The HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 prevalence among pregnant women was 80.2% and 12.5% for Zika‐positive women and 84.5% and 5.6% for Zika‐negative women, respectively. None of the pregnant women exhibited HSV viremia. Age, trimester of gestation, and skin color were associated with HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 prevalence among the groups studied. HSV‐2 was more prevalent in Zika‐positive pregnant women than in Zika‐negative pregnant women, and this simultaneous infection should be better investigated in future studies.
Surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging: A review
Authors: Müller Wendy H. , Verdin Alexandre , De Pauw Edwin , Malherbe Cedric , Eppe Gauthier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the last decades, surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI‐MS) has attracted increasing interest due to its unique capabilities, achievable through the nanostructured substrates used to promote the analyte desorption/ionization. While the most widely recognized asset of SALDI‐MS is the untargeted analysis of small molecules, this technique also offers the possibility of targeted approaches. In particular, the implementation of SALDI‐MS imaging (SALDI‐MSI), which is the focus of this review, opens up new opportunities. After a brief discussion of the nomenclature and the fundamental mechanisms associated with this technique, which are still highly controversial, the analytical strategies to perform SALDI‐MSI are extensively discussed. Emphasis is placed on the sample preparation but also on the selection of the nanosubstrate (in terms of chemical composition and morphology) as well as its functionalization possibilities for the selective analysis of specific compounds in targeted approaches. Subsequently, some selected applications of SALDI‐MSI in various fields (i.e., biomedical, biological, environmental, and forensic) are presented. The strengths and the remaining limitations of SALDI‐MSI are finally summarized in the conclusion and some perspectives of this technique, which has a bright future, are proposed in this section.
Biosynthesis, total synthesis, structural modifications, bioactivity, and mechanism of action of the quinone‐methide triterpenoid celastrol
Authors: Lu Yun , Liu Yuan , Zhou Jiawei , Li Dan , Gao Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCelastrol, a quinone‐methide triterpenoid, was extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. in 1936 for the first time. Almost 70 years later, it is considered one of the molecules most likely to be developed into modern drugs, as it exhibits notable bioactivity, including anticancer and anti‐inflammatory activity, and exerts antiobesity effects. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying its bioactivity are being widely studied, which offers new avenues for its development as a pharmaceutical reagent. Owing to its potential therapeutic effects and unique chemical structure, celastrol has attracted considerable interest in the fields of organic, biosynthesis, and medicinal chemistry. As several steps in the biosynthesis of celastrol have been revealed, the mechanisms of key enzymes catalyzing the formation and postmodifications of the celastrol scaffold have been gradually elucidated, which lays a good foundation for the future heterogeneous biosynthesis of celastrol. Chemical synthesis is also an effective approach to obtain celastrol. The total synthesis of celastrol was realized for the first time in 2015, which established a new strategy to obtain celastroid natural products. However, owing to the toxic effects and suboptimal pharmacological properties of celastrol, its clinical applications remain limited. To search for drug‐like derivatives, several structurally modified compounds were synthesized and tested. This review focuses primarily on the latest research progress in the biosynthesis, total synthesis, structural modifications, bioactivity, and mechanism of action of celastrol. We anticipate that this paper will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of this promising compound and provide constructive references for future research in this field.
Extremal values of vertex‐degree‐based topological indices of coronoid systems
Authors: Cruz Roberto , Santamaría‐Galvis Andrés David , Rada Juan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA vertex‐degree‐based (VDB for short) topological index φ induced by the numbers {φi,j}, is defined for a graph G with n vertices as
urn:x-wiley:00207608:media:qua26536:qua26536-math-0001
where mi,j is the number of edges in G joining vertices of degree i and j. Our main concern is to study VDB topological indices over important classes of coronoid systems. Recall that a coronoid system is a natural representation of a coronoid hydrocarbon and can be defined as a benzenoid‐like system with a hole. In this paper we determine the extremal values of a VDB topological index φ over the set of primitive coronoid systems, the set of catacondensed coronoid systems, and the set of circumscribed coronoid systems.
Soil quality indices as affected by long‐term burning, irrigation, tillage, and fertility management
Authors: Amorim Helen C. S. , Ashworth Amanda J. , Brye Kristofor R. , Wienhold Brian J. , Savin Mary C. , Owens Phillip R. , Silva Sergio H. G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the impacts of long‐term agricultural practices on soil quality (SQ) is key for sustaining agroecosystem productivity. This study investigated conventional and no‐tillage (NT), residue burning and no burning, residue level (high and low), and irrigation (irrigated and dryland) effects on soil properties, SQ, and crop yields following 16 yr of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] double‐crop system via the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF). A field experiment was conducted in the Lower Mississippi River Delta region on a silt‐loam soil. Bulk density, soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and soil P and K from the 0‐ to 10‐cm soil depth were used as SQ indicators investigated individually and as an overall soil quality index (SQI). Following 16 yr, residue burning reduced SOC (1.1%) compared with no burning (1.24%). Irrigation resulted in greater soil TN than dryland management systems (p < 0.05). Reduced soil pH and extractable soil P and K occurred under NT, high residue, and irrigated treatments. Irrigation increased soybean yields, regardless of the tillage system. Burned, NT–high residue management increased wheat yields (3.45 Mg ha−1). Irrigation reduced SQ because of low EC and K scores. High residue reduced SQ compared with the low residue treatment within NT systems, owing to low pH scores. The SMAF indices identified the impacts of irrigation, NT, and optimal N fertilization on SQ. Monitoring of soil pH, P, and K may be needed to maintain SQ in long‐term wheat–soybean systems.
Elasticity as a measure for online determination of remission points in ongoing epidemics
Authors: Veres‐Ferrer Ernesto J. , Pavía Jose M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe correct identification of change‐points during ongoing outbreak investigations of infectious diseases is a matter of paramount importance in epidemiology, with major implications for the management of health care resources, public health and, as the COVID‐19 pandemic has shown, social live. Onsets, peaks, and inflexion points are some of them. An onset is the moment when the epidemic starts. A "peak" indicates a moment at which the incorporated values, both before and after, are lower: a maximum. The inflexion points identify moments in which the rate of growth of the incorporation of new cases changes intensity. In this study, after interpreting the concept of elasticity of a random variable in an innovative way, we propose using it as a new simpler tool for anticipating epidemic remission change‐points. In particular, we propose that the "remission point of change" will occur just at the instant when the speed in the accumulation of new cases is lower than the average speed of accumulation of cases up to that moment. This gives stability and robustness to the estimation in the event of possible remission variations. This descriptive measure, which is very easy to calculate and interpret, is revealed as informative and adequate, has the advantage of being distribution‐free and can be estimated in real time, while the data is being collected. We use the 2014‐2016 Western Africa Ebola virus epidemic to demonstrate this new approach. A couple of examples analyzing COVID‐19 data are also included.
Deutsche Universitäten machen Ergebnisse klinischer Arzneimittelstudien unzureichend öffentlich – Das sollte sich ändern
Authors: Grabitz Peter , Brückner Till , Strech Daniel 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungErgebnisse klinischer Arzneimittelstudien müssen nach Abschluss zeitnah und nichtselektiv veröffentlicht werden. Die Ergebnispublikation ist als zentrale ethische Regel in der Deklaration von Helsinki des Weltärztebundes festgehalten. Deutsche Universitätskliniken sind vermehrt in die Kritik geraten, diesen Anforderungen nicht ausreichend nachzukommen.In diesem Beitrag werden verschiedene Publikationsformen von klinischen Arzneimittelstudien (Fachartikel und Kurzberichte) diskutiert und der Status quo der Ergebnispublikation deutscher Universitätskliniken analysiert. Dazu wurden 3 Register und Datenbanken für klinische Studien auf Veröffentlichung von Kurzberichten geprüft: das European Union Clinical Trials Register (EUCTR), das US-amerikanische Register ClinicalTrials.gov und das rein deutschsprachige Portal PharmNet.Bund. Positionen unterschiedlicher Interessengruppen werden zusammengetragen und mögliche Schritte zur Verbesserung vorgeschlagen.Derzeit erfüllen deutsche Universitätskliniken ihre regulatorischen und ethischen Verpflichtungen im Hinblick auf die Ergebnisveröffentlichung klinischer Arzneimittelstudien nur unzureichend. Zwei Jahre nach Studienende hatten 2 Drittel der Studien, die 2010–2014 abgeschlossen wurden und auf ClinicalTrials.gov verzeichnet sind, noch keine Ergebnisse als Fachartikel veröffentlicht, im Register selbst waren nur für 4,7 % als Kurzberichte hinterlegt. Im EUCTR liegt die Publikationsrate von Kurzberichten bei weniger als 7 %. Die Untersuchung der Datenbank PharmNet.Bund zeigte Ergebnisberichte für weniger als 15 % der dortigen Einträge.Um das Abschneiden der deutschen Universitätskliniken im Bereich Ergebnispublikation von klinischen Arzneimittelstudien zu verbessern, braucht es politischen Willen und Engagement der Kliniken selbst. Die Veröffentlichung der Ergebnisse aller klinischen Studien ist mit geringen Kosten verbunden. Die Vorteile für öffentliche Gesundheit und Wissenschaft überwiegen bei Weitem den jetzt notwendigen Mehraufwand.
Being Poor and Feeling Rich or Vice Versa? The Determinants of Unequal Income Positions in Old Age Across Europe
Authors: Isengard Bettina , König Ronny 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIndividual prosperity and welfare can be measured using both objective and subjective criteria. Although theory and previous research suggest that these two methods can produce corresponding results, the measurements can also be inconsistent. Against this background, the current paper investigates the relationship between the objective income position of older Europeans (aged 50 + years) and their perception of their financial situation, using the seventh wave of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) conducted in 2017. The main research questions include (1)how is objective income distributed in old age across Europe?, (2)how do elderly Europeans evaluate their income situation subjectively?, (3)is there a discrepancy between the objective prosperity position and their subjective perception observable?, (4)are there country-specific differences that are observable?, and (5)how can such discrepancies be explained?The results show that objective income positions can be congruent with subjective self-perceptions, both good (well-being) and bad (deprivation), of one’s income situation. However, this is not always the case, and country-specific variations do exist. In analyzing the causes of the 2 forms of nonconformance—namely, adaptation (satisfaction paradox) and dissonance (dissatisfaction dilemma)—this paper concludes that sociodemographic and socioeconomic determinants alone cannot account for discrepancies. The consideration of certain social-psychological influences or personality traits and especially social comparison processes (namely, with one’s past) is essential in explaining both the satisfaction paradox and the dissatisfaction dilemma.
Kinetic Modelling and Test–Retest Reproducibility for the Dopamine D1R Radioligand [11C]SCH23390 in Healthy and Diseased Mice
Authors: Bertoglio Daniele , Verhaeghe Jeroen , Miranda Alan , Wyffels Leonie , Stroobants Sigrid , Dominguez Celia , Munoz-Sanjuan Ignacio , Skinbjerg Mette , Liu Longbin , Staelens Steven 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Our aim in this study was to compare different non-invasive pharmacokinetic models and assess test–retest reproducibility of the radioligand [11C]SCH23390 for the quantification of dopamine D1-like receptor (D1R) in both wild-type (WT) mice and heterozygous (HET) Q175DN mice as Huntington’s disease (HD) model.

Procedures
Adult WT (n = 9) and HET (n = 14) mice underwent a 90-min [11C]SCH23390 positron emission tomography (PET) scan followed by computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the pharmacokinetic modelling in healthy and diseased conditions. Additionally, 5 WT mice and 7 HET animals received a second [11C]SCH23390 PET scan for test–retest reproducibility. Parallel assessment of the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM), the multilinear reference tissue model (MRTM) and the Logan reference tissue model (Logan Ref) using the striatum as a receptor-rich region and the cerebellum as a receptor-free (reference) region was performed to define the most suitable method for regional- and voxel-based quantification of the binding potential (BPND). Finally, standardised uptake value ratio (SUVR-1) was assessed as a potential simplified measurement.

Results
For all models, we measured a significant decline in dopamine D1R density (e.g. SRTM = − 38.5 ± 5.0 %, p < 0.0001) in HET mice compared to WT littermates. Shortening the 90-min scan duration resulted in large underestimation of striatal BPND in both WT mice (SRTM 60 min: − 17.7 ± 2.8 %, p = 0.0078) and diseased HET (SRTM 60 min: − 13.1 ± 4.1 %, p = 0.0001). Striatal BPND measurements were very reproducible with an average test–retest variability below 5 % when using both MRTM and SRTM. Parametric BPND maps generated with SRTM were highly reliable, showing nearly perfect agreement to the regional analysis (r2 = 0.99, p < 0.0001). Finally, SRTM provided the most accurate estimate for relative tracer delivery R1 with both regional- and voxel-based analyses. SUVR-1 at different time intervals were not sufficiently reliable when compared to BPND (r2 < 0.66).

Conclusions
Ninety-minute acquisition and the use of SRTM for pharmacokinetic modelling is recommended. [11C]SCH23390 PET imaging demonstrates optimal characteristics for the study of dopamine D1R density in models of psychiatric and neurological disorders as exemplified in the Q175DN mouse model of HD.
Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with pandemic SARS-CoV-2-related and community-acquired pneumonias in Hungary – a pilot historical case-control study
Authors: Horváth Viktor J. , Hajdú Noémi , Vági Orsolya , Schnábel Karolina , Szelke Emese , Körei Anna E. , Békeffy Magdolna , Svébis Márk M. , Domján Beatrix A. , Berényi Tamás , Takács István , Ungvári Zoltán , Kun Attila , Tabák Ádám G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe distinction between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–related and community-acquired pneumonias poses significant difficulties, as both frequently involve the elderly. This study aimed to predict the risk of SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia based on clinical characteristics at hospital presentation. Case-control study of all patients admitted for pneumonia at Semmelweis University Emergency Department. Cases (n = 30) were patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia (based on polymerase chain reaction test) between 26 March 2020 and 30 April 2020; controls (n = 82) were historical pneumonia cases between 1 January 2019 and 30 April 2019. Logistic models were built with SARS-CoV-2 infection as outcome using clinical characteristics at presentation. Patients with SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia were younger (mean difference, 95% CI: 9.3, 3.2–15.5 years) and had a higher lymphocyte count, lower C-reactive protein, presented more frequently with bilateral infiltrate, less frequently with abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and nausea in age- and sex-adjusted models. A logistic model using age, sex, abdominal pain, C-reactive protein, and the presence of bilateral infiltrate as predictors had an excellent discrimination (AUC 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81–0.96) and calibration (p = 0.27–Hosmer-Lemeshow test). The clinical use of our screening prediction model could improve the discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 related from other community-acquired pneumonias and thus help patient triage based on commonly used diagnostic approaches. However, external validation in independent datasets is required before its clinical use.