bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MENGKAJI TRADISI MEMBANGUN “ORIN TAGAN” MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG NITA KABUPATEN SIKKA
Authors: Gobang Ambrosius Alfonso Korasony Sevili , Polawati Emiliana Yulistia 
Published: June 2020

Title: Assessing the Tradition Building "Orin Tagan" Community of Kitaung Nita Sikka District
"Orin tagan" is an elevated house with 1 meter height underneath space (lewu) in Nita Village, Sikka Regency. The interaction among different cultural groups resided in the island of Flores had influenced one another, particularly in house building tradition. Research on housebuilding tradition in Nita Village is still scarce, only a few researches focused on building tradition at Nita Village. So some researches are sought based on similar themes (theme: building tradition) and similar locations (location: Kampung Nita, Sikka Regency). This research problem formulation is to understand how the tradition of building "orin tagan" by the people of Kampung Nita. The purpose of this study is to investigate the building tradition of “orin tagan”, using descriptive/ narrative strategy and qualitative methods. Primary data were collected based on in-depth interviews with: undagi (village architect/ handyman) and community leaders. Data analysis covered: (1) participants? meaning analysis and (2) structural system analysis and (3) display system analysis. The research results were presented in the form of diagrams containing the elements that make up the structure of “orin tagan” in Nita Village, Sikka Regency, namely the structural system and the stylistic system. The structural system consists of: the structure of the roof, walls and foundation. The stylistic system consist of: terrace display and frame display.
A Comparative Proteomic Study of Thermobifida Cellulosilytica TB100T Secretome Grown on Carboxymethylcellulose and Rice Straw
Authors: Elmahdy Mai H. , Azmy Ahmed F. , El-Gebaly Eman , Saafan Amal , Gaber Yasser 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Cellulose, the major component of the plant cell wall, is the most abundant and cheap polymer on earth. It can be used by varieties of cellulolytic enzymes. Cellulases can hydrolyze cellulose to its glucose monomers, which can be fermented to many biotechnological products, such as biochemicals, bioplastics, and biofuels. Actinomycetes are potential sources of cellulases.

Objective:
The current study sheds light on the cellulolytic activity of Thermobifida cellulosilytica, a previously isolated thermophilic actinomycete, and the analysis of the lignocellulases produced in the secretome as a result of induction by different carbon sources.

Methods:
The cellulolytic activity was qualitatively confirmed by Congo red method showing a large halo zone around the colonies. The activity was also assayed using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The secretome analysis was conducted by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) based proteomic approach.

Results:
The cellulolytic activity increased by two folds upon the growth of T. cellulosilytica on rice straw (RS) as a complex substrate comparatively to Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a simple one. These results were highly assured by LC-MS/MS. Where more proteins (n=31) were produced in the RS secretome, CMC produced only six proteins, including only one cellulase. Different classes of proteins produced in the RS secretome were cellulases (26%), hemicellulases (16%), proteases (10%), and others (48%).

Conclusion:
Lignocellulases are inducible enzymes. RS as a complex substrate induced T. cellulosilytica for the expression of more lignocellulolytic enzymes than CMC.
Purification and Properties of an Esterase from Bacillus licheniformis and it’s Application in Synthesis of Octyl Acetate
Authors: Bhardwaj Kamal K. , Dogra Adarsh , Kapoor Smita , Mehta Akshita , Gupta Reena 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Esterase plays a major role in the degradation of natural materials, industrial pollutants and also provides an immense contribution to the eco-friendly approaches in various industrial applications.

Objective:
In the present study, extracellular esterase from bacterial isolate Bacillus licheniformis was purified, characterized and used in the synthesis of octyl acetate.

Methods:
Purification of esterase from Bacillus licheniformis was achieved using Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the octyl acetate synthesis.

Results:
The enzyme was salted out using ammonium sulphate precipitation and 60-70% saturation gave maximum specific activity of the enzyme during precipitation. A purification fold of 6.46 and yield of 9.69% was achieved when esterase from Bacillus licheniformis was purified using Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. Native as well as SDS-PAGE analysis gave a single band of 42 kDa. This showed that the enzyme was purified to homogeneity and it was a monomer with molecular weight of 42 kDa. Biochemical characterization of the enzyme revealed that it had optimum temperature of 45°C in 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer of pH 8.0. On optimizing different parameters, such as molar ratio of reactants, incubation time, temperature, and amount of protein, the % yield of octyl acetate was found to be 77.3%.

Conclusion:
In this work, simple method was used to purify esterase and the enzyme was further used in producing esters/products of commercial value within a reasonably short period of 12 h with a maximum yield of 77.3%.
An Analytical-Predictive Model for Measuring the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Public Health Services
Authors: Vitezić Neda , Petrlić Antonija 
Published: June 2020

Background:The main function of public health services is to improve people’s health and therefore, efficiency and effectiveness are constantly a subject of various world-wide research works. Today, in the era of digitalization, when numerous data are created and built, it is much easier to develop and implement a measurement system. It is possible to quickly use a wide variety of accurate and reliable data, aiming to create different measures that will help in the assessment and the decision-making process. For a long time, public health services have been facing a problem of finding an appropriate solution for measuring efficiency and effectiveness.Objective:The aim of this research is to find an appropriate analytical-predictive model for measuring efficiency and effectiveness of public health institutes. Public health is oriented to monitoring, analysis, and evaluation of the health of a populationi.e., prevention activities. It is a complex and interdependent process of different realisation of services, programmes, and activities the results of which are sometimes visible only after a long period of time. Therefore, the results of their activities should be evaluated using an appropriate performance measurement system.Methods:The adjusted Balanced Scorecard (BSC) combined with the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique is used to help identify the possibilities for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of public health service activities.Results:The result of this study is the proposed Analytical-Predictive Model (APE) that uses Balanced Scorecard combined with Data Envelopment Analysis to measure relative and technical efficiency as well as long-term effectiveness. The model used DEA as a benchmark for targets set in each perspective within the BSC. Using the BSC model, we selected the goals and common indicators for all DMUs, and using DEA, we identified relative efficiency of the DMUs. Efficient DMUs are considered a benchmark and used as targets for measuring effectiveness.Conclusion:This research has confirmed the appropriateness of the combination of BSC and DEA methods for measuring efficiency and effectiveness of public health institutions. To be able to measure and predict the long-term effectiveness of the activities and programmes, we had to combine the realised outputs and the set outcomes. The implementation of the APE model in the institutes of public health will contribute to the improvement of analysis, forecast, and optimisation of all their activities. The model is applicable to other public health institutions.
Charter Injunctions, Public Interest Presumption, and the Tyranny of the Majority
Authors: Feasby Colin 
Published: June 2020

Quebec’s Bill 21, which seeks to restrict employees in its public service from displaying religious symbols at work, has attracted a number of constitutional challenges. In one of those challenges, Hak v Quebec (Attorney General), the plaintiffs sought an injunction suspending the operation of parts of Bill 21 pending a decision on the merits.1 Both the Quebec Superior Court and the Quebec Court of Appeal declined to issue an injunction. The majority of the Quebec Court of Appeal found that in enacting Bill 21 the legislature must be presumed to have acted in the public interest and, as such, the third part of the injunction test — balance of convenience — could not be satisfied.
The idea that Parliament and provincial legislatures must be presumed to be acting in the public interest — what I will call the public interest presumption — is problematic in Charter cases concerning constraints of fundamental rights and the treatment of minorities. Parliament and provincial legislatures are majoritarian institutions; they are the product of elections where the candidates and parties with the most votes win. A core objective of the Charter is to protect minorities from being oppressed by the majority. Giving too much weight to a majoritarian conception of the public interest in interlocutory injunction applications concerning minority rights undermines the Charter and negates injunctions and stays as elective remedies, particularly where an applicant establishes real harm. To fulfill the Charter’s mandate to protect minority rights it must be recognized that the government does not have a monopoly on representing the public interest and that a majoritarian conception of the public interest cannot control the outcome of the balance of convenience test in the face of evidence that other aspects of the public interest are harmed by the impugned legislation. This short article argues for a much weaker public interest presumption: one that may be rebutted by an applicant adducing evidence of harm to an identifiable group.
1 Hak c Procureure Générale du Québec, 2019 QCCA 2145 [Hak].
Universities, the Charter, Doug Ford, and Campus Free Speech
Authors: Turk* James L. 
Published: June 2020

On a warm summer day at the end of August 2018, Ontario Premier Doug Ford’s office issued a press release announcing, “Ontario’s Government for the People is delivering on its promise to uphold free speech on every Ontario publicly-funded university and college campus.”1 An accompanying “Backgrounder” spelled out the details.2 Although this policy seems progressive on its face, it is actually anything but. That said, it may have the unintended but beneficial effect of bringing Ontario universities under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.3 More about that later. First, the problems.

* Distinguished Visiting Scholar and Director, Centre for Free Expression. Faculty of Communications & Design, Ryerson University.1 Office of the Premier, News Release: “Ontario Protects Free Speech on Campuses: Mandates Universities and Colleges to Introduce Free Speech Policy by January 1, 2019” (30 August 2018), online: Government of Ontario <news.ontario.ca/opo/en/2018/08/ontario-protects-free-speech-on-campuses.html> [Office of the Premier, “Ontario Protects”].2 See Office of the Premier, Backgrounder “Upholding Free Speech on Ontario’s University and College Campuses” (30 August 2018), online: Government of Ontario <news.ontario.ca/opo/en/2018/08/upholdingfree-speech-on-ontarios-university-and-college-campuses.html> [Office of the Premier, “Upholding Free Speech”].
The Conscientious Objection of Medical Practitioners to the CPSO’s “Effective Referral” Requirement
Authors: Moon Richard 
Published: June 2020

The term “conscience” is used in two different ways in discussions about religious freedom. Sometimes, conscience is contrasted with religion. Freedom of conscience, in contrast to freedom of religion, is concerned with the protection of fundamental beliefs or commitments that are not part of a religious or spiritual system.1 Together, freedom of conscience and freedom of religion protect the individual’s most fundamental moral beliefs or commitments.2
Other times, though, the term “conscience” refers to a particular kind of accommodation claim. In most religious accommodation cases, an individual or group seeks to be exempted from a law that prevents them from engaging in a religious practice — for example, from wearing religious dress or keeping religious holidays. In conscientious objection cases, how- ever, the individual asks to be exempted from a law that requires them to perform an act that they regard as immoral or sinful. In many of these cases the claimant asks to be excused from performing an act that is not itself immoral, but supports or facilitates what they see as the immoral action of others, and so makes them complicit in this immorality. In this comment I will focus on this second use of the term conscience, and more particularly the conscientious objection claim made by some medical practitioners in Ontario to the requirement that they provide an effective referral to another doctor when they are unwilling, for moral or religious reasons, to perform a particular medical procedure(...)
1 The term “freedom of conscience” was once used interchangeably with freedom of religion to refer to an individual’s freedom to hold beliefs that were spiritual or moral in At this earlier time the moral beliefs of most individuals were rooted in a religious system. Freedom of conscience, though, is now viewed as an alternative to, or extension of, freedom of religion.2 However, as I have argued elsewhere, the conscience part of section 2(a) is seldom raised before the courts and may have very little practical See Richard Moon, “Conscience in the Image of Religion” in John Adenitire, ed, Religious Beliefs and Conscientious Exemptions in a Liberal State (Oxford: Hart, 2019) 73.
Protection of Bombax Ceiba by Revealing their Fungal Endophytic Diversity and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Rohit Shankar Mane  , Ankala Basappa Vedamurthy  
Published: June 2020

The objective of the present research investigation was to protect Bombax ceiba by revealing their endophytic fungi diversity for disease management. In the present research investigation, a total of 64 fungal endophytes were purified and, Aspergillus tamari was identified as a core fungal endophyte. The fungus showed the highest average linear growth rate of 6.2 mm/day and isolation frequency at 80% on tomato dextrose agar with white or dark brown or black or purple-brown to yellowish-green color variations with mycelial growth in between 65 mm to 90 mm on the media and 8 to 31 numbers of spores/ microscopic field. Further, the fungus revealed 2.86 g/100g of total wet biomass and 0.25 g/100g of the dried biomass of corn bran with 5.30 g/100ml of the aqueous crude extract in solid-state fermentation. Mycochemical screening of the crude extract showed alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols with 29.0060±0.03223 mg of total phenolic and 12.2549±0.02345 mg of flavonoids content. Thin layer chromatography was used to get purified potent spots of alkaloids [0.29], flavonoids [0.41] terpenoids [0.15] and saponins [0.91]. The fungus produced chitinase, amylase, protease, and cellulases enzyme. Further the aqueous crude extract worked as an agent of antioxidant in the FRAP at the rate of 1.2407±0.00702 while PM at 0.7983±0.00351, antimicrobials against E. coli (100mg/ml at the rate of 16.3±0.57) and Aspergillus niger (100mg/ml at the rate of 20.5 ± 0.24), and in anthelmintic activity, extract induced paralysis in earthworms within 3 minutes and death in 8 minutes. It is concluded that the Bombax ceiba has the potential to purify the potent fungal endophytes and their bioactive compounds that may be helpful to evaluate in vivo models against different diseases.
A Comparative Study of Antibacterial Potential of Various Extracts of Different Parts of Jatropha Curcas Linn against Bacterial Strains
Authors: M. Siva Ganesh  , Dr. N. Agnel Arul John  , Dr. J. Radhika  
Published: June 2020

Herbal medicines derived from plant extracts are being increasingly utilized to treat a wide variety of clinical diseases, mainly in developing countries for primary health care because of better cultural acceptability, better compatibility with the human body and fewer side effects. Natural medicinal plants having various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenol, terpenoids etc and these have rich medicinal value such as anti-oxidant and anti- microbial activities. Since time immemorial, medicinal plants are widely used for the treatment of different infectious diseases. Infectious diseases caused by bacteria strains have a large impact on public health. Now a days multiple drug resistance has developed due to the indiscriminate use of commercial anti-microbial drugs and impairs the treatment of infectious disease. The present study was focused on the different parts of Jatropha curcas Linn. It belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae , a large deciduous soft wooded shrub 3-4 m in height with sticky juice. The leaf part of the plant is used as galactagogue, lactagogue, rubefacient and have insecticidal properties and they are useful in foul ulcers, tumors and scabies. Seed of the plant is mainly used for dysentery, urinary discharge, abdominal complaints anaemia, fistula and diseases of the heart. The present investigation was carried out to study the antibacterial activity and evaluated for chloroform, methanol and diethyl ether extracts of various parts of Jatropha curcas Linn against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas species by disc diffusion method. Based on the zone of inhibition, the antibacterial potential of different parts of the plant viz. leaves, stems and seeds were analysed. The evaluation of various solvent extractions revealed the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity of the plant. Among the various extracts, leaves, stems and seeds parts of the plant extracted with chloroform showed maximum zone of inhibition against all the tested bacterial species followed by methanol and diethyl ether. According to our results, the Jatropha curcas L can be considered as a rich source of active compounds with antibacterial activity. This may recommend a new pathway in elucidating a potent natural antibacterial agent.
Peningkatan Efisiensi pada Lini Proses Machining Velg Motor dengan Metode Line Balancing PT. XYZ
Authors: Widyantoro Murwan , Solihin Solihin , Rosihan Rifda Ilahy , Fajar Ibnu 
Published: June 2020

PT XYZ, Cibitung, Bekasi adalah perusahan pemproduksi velg mobil & motor. Pada proses velg tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan dan planing yang telah ditetapkan. Dengan demikian proses yang ada pada produksi velg belum optimal sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan proses. Metode yang digunakan untuk meperbaiki proses pembuatan velg agar optimal adalah mengunakan metode line balancing. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan efisiensi waktu proses PCD sehingga PT. XYZ dapat memenuhi target permintaan tiap bulan.. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terjadi bottle neck dengan waktu yang melebihi takt time yaitu dengan cycle time sebesar 4,10 menit dengan efisiensi sebesar 89,40% pada proses PCD. Perbaikan yang dilakukan adalah melakukan kaizen yaitu melakukan penambahan tool atau JIG pada proses PCD dan merubah metode pemasangan velg pada mesin PCD yang memiliki cycle time paling besar. Setelah, dilakukan perbaikan hasil pun mengalami peningkatan efisiensi dari 89,40% menjadi 95,20% dan target permintaan tercapai dari 5.473 Pcs/Bulan menjadi 6.065 Pcs/Bulan.
Conocimientos matemáticos de los estudiantes de primer ingreso del CUValles de la Universidad de Guadalajara
Authors: Sánchez Díaz Silvia , Ramírez Mora Emilio Leonardo , Calderón Mayorga César , Sánchez Gómez Rubén 
Published: June 2020

En la presente investigación se analizan los conocimientos en matemáticas que tienen los estudiantes de primer ingreso de las licenciaturas de Administración, Turismo, Contaduría Pública, Tecnologías de la Información y las ingenierías en Mecatrónica, Electrónica y Computación, Instrumentación Electrónica y Nanosensores, Diseño Molecular de Materiales, Geofísica y Sistemas Biológicos. Se trata de identificar los conocimientos básicos y las deficiencias de los alumnos en esta área antes de cursar asignaturas como Matemáticas I o Precálculo (según sea el caso) para contribuir a erradicar la reprobación, el rezago y el posible abandono de los estudios de licenciatura. Se aplicó una prueba que consta de 15 reactivos de opción múltiple a 413 estudiantes de dichos programas educativos. Una vez realizado el análisis, se encontró 44.20 % de respuestas incorrectas, 52.98 % de respuestas correctas y 2.82 % de respuestas sin contestar. Se obtuvo una calificación promedio de 52.97 (reprobatoria); solo tres estudiantes contestaron correctamente los 15 reactivos; un estudiante acertó solo uno del total de reactivos. El reactivo 13, donde se requiere expresar algebraicamente el perímetro de un rectángulo a partir de una expresión verbal, obtuvo el mayor número de respuestas incorrectas, con 11.56 %. El reactivo 14, que consiste en identificar el procedimiento para resolver una ecuación de primer grado con una incógnita, registró el mayor número de respuestas correctas, con 10.69 %. Los programas que obtuvieron un promedio mayor al general (52.97) fueron las ingenierías en Mecatrónica, en Instrumentación Electrónica y Nanosensores, en Diseño Molecular de Materiales, en Geofísica y la licenciatura en Contaduría Pública; el resto tuvo una nota por debajo del promedio general. Solamente en ingeniería Mecatrónica e ingeniería Geofísica se obtuvieron promedios de calificación aprobatoria. Por lo anteriormente indicado, es necesario que en todas las licenciaturas se subsanen estas carencias, apoyándose en los cursos de Matemáticas I y Precálculo, y en específico se requiere de fortalecer los conocimientos en fracciones, exponentes, jerarquía de operaciones, ley de los signos y operaciones algebraicas.
Mahârah al-Kitâbah Learning Through Mind Mapping Strategies
Authors: Najah Zughrofiyatun , Maulana Azzah Saniyyah 
Published: June 2020

Maharah Al-Kitabah or Writing skill is one of the highest literacy skills or abilities in Arabic learning. In this way, it is important to apply Mind Mapping strategies as an alternative to Maharah Al-Kitabah learning. The purpose of this study was to see an increase in Maharah Al-Kitabah learning through Mind Mapping strategy. The study was conducted using Classroom Action Research (CAR). The researcher acts as an observer. The research subjects involved 28 students and one Arabic subject teacher as a source of research. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, tests, and questionnaires. While the data analysis technique used a mix method that is qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative data obtained through observation, and quantitative data obtained from the results of pre-test and post-test students. The results showed that based on the results of research by observers obtained 83.3% data, observations by teachers amounted to 87.7%. Furthermore, it was concluded that the results of maharat al-kitabah learning research through Mind Mapping strategy experienced an increase, with a percentage of 8.1%. It showed that the application of Mind Mapping strategy is very necessary to improve Arabic learning, especially in the proficiency of Mahârah Al-Kitâbah. This study drawn that Mind Mapping strategy can be used as one of the overcoming student’s language problems in non-linguistic aspects in the form of students' interests, motivations, critical abilities, and creativity. Therefore Mind Mapping strategy is an effective strategies to improve the student’s writing learning interest and learning student’s outcome.