bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnographers and Collaborators in the Voluntourism Encounter
Authors: Taylor Sarah R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCollaboration has been a hallmark of applied anthropology for as long as anthropologists have been putting anthropology to use. The very process of applying anthropological methods and theories to real‐world problems requires an understanding of the needs of the people experiencing the problem. Collaboration also has a long history in both archaeology and ethnography in Mesoamerica. This article explores the relationship between collaboration and applied anthropology in the context of a volunteer tourism program in rural Yucatan, Mexico. Tourism—and especially archaeological tourism—is a driving force in the region's economy. Increasingly, volunteer tourism initiatives provide visitors with the opportunity to contribute to the local community as part of their travel experience. I argue that the conceptual framework of what constitutes meaningful collaboration offers us a way to examine the interactions and power dynamics surrounding the encounter between volunteer, host, and even ethnographer. Specifically, the article questions whether contributions of various sorts are a requisite for achieving actual collaboration in these encounters.
Damped Vibration Response of An Axially Moving Wire Subject to An Oscillating Boundary Condition and the Application to Slurry Wiresaws
Authors: Li Liming , Kao Imin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the analysis of a new class of differential continuum system with a solution of traveling waves containing coupled spatial and temporal variables. Herein, we derive the analytical solution of the damped vibration response of a longitudinally moving wire with damping, subject to an oscillating boundary condition. The vibration response is the outcome of combining four traveling waves, induced by a wave initiating from the oscillating boundary, and traveling between the two boundaries. The four different traveling waves are the independent bases of the vibration responses that span the solution space of vibration of such continuum system. The combination, or the interference, of these traveling waves in the undamped condition produces nodal points in the vibration response, which can be formulated through the analytical solution. The impacts of wire speed, oscillating frequency at the boundary and damping factors on the vibration response are investigated. Furthermore, the vibration induced by the oscillating motion of the boundary has a profound impact on the effectiveness of slicing ingots with rocking motion of oscillating wire guides in wiresaw manufacturing processes.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Subcritical Cascade Refrigeration System With Internal Heat Exchangers Using Environmentally Friendly Refrigerants
Authors: Aktemur Cenker , Ozturk Ilhan Tekin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on a thermodynamic performance analysis of a subcritical cascade refrigeration system (CRS) with internal heat exchangers (IHXs) using R41/R601, R41/R602A, and R41/cyclopentane as refrigerant pairs. The effect of evaporator temperature (Tev), condenser temperature (Tcond), and temperature difference in the cascade heat exchanger (ΔTCHX) on examined performance parameters are investigated. Each performance parameter is scrutinized by an optimum low-temperature circuit (LTC) condenser temperature. The operating parameters have some implications on the overall thermodynamic performance of the system. A change of 10 °C in the Tev and Tcond affects the performance of the system by approximately +26% and −8%, respectively. Moreover, a variation of 1 °C in the ΔTCHX reduces the performance of the system by about 2%. The effect of IHXs on the system has some interesting results. The coefficient of performance (COP) and exergy efficiency values of the system using R41/cyclopentane tend to constantly decrease by nearly 4.05%. Although not as much as R41/cyclopentane, there is also a slight drop in the performance of other refrigerant pairs. The discharge temperature in LTC and high-temperature circuit (HTC) compressors exceeds 120 °C for low-temperature refrigeration requirements, which is highly undesirable. Furthermore, the top priority components for the system improvement are HTC condenser, HTC compressor, and CHX. The refrigerant pairs with the thermodynamic performance from best to worst are R41/R601, R41/cyclopentane, and R41/R602A, respectively. Finally, the COP and exergy efficiency values of the modeled system are 10.40% higher and 3.06% lower, respectively, compared with current models in the literature.
Modeling for Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe
Authors: Sarangi R. K. , Kar S. P. , Rane M. V. , Swain A. , Pothal L. K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Numerical modeling of multi-turn closed-loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) is presented in this paper for ethanol as a working fluid. Modeling is carried out for 1-mm and 2-mm ID PHP for different numbers of turns, different orientations, and at constant wall temperature boundary conditions. Momentum and heat transfer variations with time are investigated numerically solving the one-dimensional governing equations for vapor bubble and liquid plugs. Evaporation and condensation take place by heat transfer through liquid film present around the vapor bubble. The code takes into account the realistic phenomena such as vapor bubble generation, liquid plug merging, and superheating of vapor bubbles above its saturation temperature. During the merging of liquid plugs, a time-step adaptive scheme is implemented and this minimum time-step was found to be 10−7 s. Nature of flow is investigated by momentum variation plot. Model results are compared with the experimental results from literature for nine different cases. Maximum variation in heat transfer for all these cases is found to be below ±34%.
A Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar-Driven Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Authors: Siegel Nathan P. , Conser Ben 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Water may be produced from atmospheric humidity anywhere on Earth; however, current approaches are energy-intensive and costly, thus limiting the deployment of atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technologies. A system-level thermodynamic model of several AWH pathways is presented to elucidate the important energy flows in these processes as a means of reducing the energy required to produce a unit of water. Model results show that freshwater may be produced from humid air via processes driven solely with solar electricity in an arid climate with an energy input between 116 kWhe/m3 and 1021 kWhe/m3, depending on atmospheric conditions and processing configuration. We describe a novel, desiccant-based AWH approach in which the latent heat of vaporization is internally recovered resulting in a significant reduction in energy requirements relative to the state of the art. Finally, a parametric model of a desiccant-based AWH system is used to estimate the minimum levelized cost of water (LCOW) via solar-driven AWH at 6.5 $/m3 when both latent and sensible energy are recovered internally.
Carbon Dioxide Bubbles Removal by Capillary Actuation in the Anode Channel of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Osman Sameer , Ookawara Shinichi , Ahmed Mahmoud 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
On the anode side of a direct-methanol fuel cell, carbon dioxide bubbles are generated as a result of the methanol oxidation reaction. The accumulation of such bubbles prevents methanol from reaching the diffusion layer (DL). Hence, a reduction in the reaction rate occurs, which limits the maximum current density of the cell. To keep carbon dioxide bubbles away from the diffusion layer surface, a new design of the anode flow channel besides wall surface treatment is developed. Such a design can introduce capillary actuation, which forces the carbon dioxide bubbles to move away from the diffusion layer due to capillary forces. This can be achieved by using a trapezoidal shape of the flow channel, as well as the combined effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface treatments on the diffusion layer and top wall, respectively. To identify the optimal design of the anode flow channel, a three-dimensional, two-phase flow model is developed. The model is numerically simulated, and the results are validated with available measurements. Results indicated that treating the diffusion layer with a hydrophilic layer increases the area in direct contact with liquid methanol. Besides, the hydrophobic top channel wall makes it easier for the carbon dioxide bubbles to attach and spread out on the top surface. However, super-hydrophobic treatment of the top wall should be avoided, as it can cause difficulty in bubble extraction from the channel. The current findings create a promising opportunity to improve the performance of direct-methanol fuel cells.
Deglaciation of the Puget Lowland, Washington
Authors: Haugerud Ralph A. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Recently obtained radiocarbon ages from the southern Puget Lowland and reevaluation of limiting ages from the Olympic Peninsula in the light of new light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data suggest that the Juan de Fuca and Puget lobes of the Cordilleran ice sheet reached their maximum extents after 16,000 calibrated yr B.P. Source areas for both lobes fed through a common conduit, likely requiring that downstream responses to changes in either source area were similar. Dates for ice-sheet retreat are sparse and contradictory, but they suggest that retreat was rapid. Depositional and geomorphic evidence shows that retreat of the Juan de Fuca lobe predated retreat of the Puget lobe. No recessional end moraines have been identified in the Puget Lowland, in contrast to numerous recessional end moraines constructed by the Okanogan lobe east of the Cascade Range, and in contrast to later ice-sheet retreat in western Whatcom County north of the Puget Lowland. These observations lead to the hypothesis that collapse of the Juan de Fuca lobe, hastened by the instability of a marine-based ice sheet, steepened the ice-sheet surface over the eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca and diverted ice flow upstream of the Puget lobe to the west. Starved of ice, the Puget lobe retreated quickly.
The impact of implementing the 2016 WHO Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience on perinatal deaths: an interrupted time-series analysis in Mpumalanga province, South Africa
Authors: Lavin Tina , Pattinson Robert Clive , Kelty Erin , Pillay Yogan , Preen David Brian 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate if the implementation of the 2016 WHO Recommendations for a Positive Pregnancy Experience reduced perinatal mortality in a South African province. The recommendations were implemented which included increasing the number of contacts and also the content of the contacts.MethodsRetrospective interrupted time-series analysis was conducted for all women accessing a minimum of one antenatal care contact from April 2014 to September 2019 in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Retrospective interrupted time-series analysis of province level perinatal mortality and birth data comparing the pre-implementation period (April 2014–March 2017) and post-implementation period (April 2018–September 2019). The main outcome measure was unadjusted prevalence ratio (PR) for perinatal deaths before and after implementation; interrupted time-series analyses for trends in perinatal mortality before and after implementation; stillbirth risk by gestational age; primary cause of deaths (and maternal condition) before and after implementation.ResultsOverall, there was a 5.8% absolute decrease in stillbirths after implementation of the recommendations, however this was not statistically significant (PR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90% to 1.05%; p=0.073). Fresh stillbirths decreased by 16.6% (PR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77% to 0.95%; p=0.003) while macerated stillbirths (p=0.899) and early neonatal deaths remained unchanged (p=0.499). When stratified by weight fresh stillbirths >2500 g decreased by 17.2% (PR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70% to 0.94%; p=0.007) and early neonatal deaths decreased by 12.8% (PR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77% to 0.99%; p=0.041). The interrupted time-series analysis confirmed a trend for decreasing stillbirths at 0.09/1000 births per month (−0.09, 95% CI −1.18 to 0.01; p=0.059), early neonatal deaths (−0.09, 95% CI −0.14 to 0.04; p=<0.001) and perinatal mortality (−1.18, 95% CI −0.27 to −0.09; p<0.001) in the post-implementation period. A decrease in stillbirths, early neonatal deaths or perinatal mortality was not observed in the pre-implementation period. During the period when additional antenatal care contacts were implemented (34–38 weeks), there was a decrease in stillbirths of 18.4% (risk ratio (RR) 0.82, 95% CI 0.73% to 0.91%, p=0.0003). In hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, the risk of stillbirth decreased in the post-period by 15.1% (RR 0.85; 95% CI 0.76% to 0.94%; p=0.002).ConclusionThe implementation of the 2016 WHO Recommendations for a Positive Pregnancy Experience may be an effective public health strategy to reduce stillbirths in South African provinces.
Propofol Target-Controlled Infusion in Emergency Department Sedation (ProTEDS): a multicentre, single-arm feasibility study
Authors: Burton Fiona Marie , Lowe David John , Millar Jonathan , Corfield Alasdair R , Watson Malcolm J , Sim Malcolm A B 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundProcedural sedation is a core skill of the emergency physician. Bolus administration of propofol is widely used in UK EDs. Titrated to an end point of sedation, it has a rapid effect but has been associated with adverse incidents. The use of a target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol is not routine but may reduce the incidence of adverse incidents.The primary aims of this single-arm feasibility study were patient satisfaction and to establish recruitment rates for a randomised controlled trial comparing propofol TCI to bolus administration.MethodsFour EDs in Scotland, UK, participated. Patients aged 18-65 years, with anterior shoulder dislocation, weight ≥ 50kg, fasted ≥ 90 min were screened. Patients underwent reduction of their dislocated shoulder using TCI propofol. The primary end point was patient satisfaction recorded on a Visual Analogue Scale.ResultsBetween 3 April 2017 and 31 December 2018, 25 patients were recruited with a recruitment rate of 20% for the 16-month recruitment window, with a temporary pause to allow amendment of drug dosage.Two patients were excluded. Twenty achieved adequate sedation, defined as a Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/S) 3. Successful reduction was achieved in all adequately sedated. Patient satisfaction was documented in 14 patients, mean±SD of 97±9 and time to sedation was 25±8 min. No adverse events were recorded using the Society of Intravenous Anaesthesia adverse event reporting tool.ConclusionPropofol TCI was acceptable as a method of procedural sedation for patients. The lower than expected recruitment rates highlight the need for dedicated research support.Trial registration numberNCT03442803.
Role of endovascular embolisation for curative treatment of intracranial non-Galenic pial arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Jin Hengwei , Meng Xiangyu , Quan Jiale , Lu Yi , Li Youxiang 
Published: December 2020

Background and purposeThe safety and effectiveness of endovascular treatment for non-Galenic pial arteriovenous fistula (NGPAVF) is inadequately known. The aim of this study is to explore the role of endovascular embolisation for curative treatment of NGPAVF.Materials and methodsPatients with NGPAVF underwent endovascular treatment from January 2011 to November 2019 in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, clinical information, treatment details and clinical outcomes were collected. Factors associated with clinical outcomes were statistically analysed.ResultsTwenty patients were included, with a total of 22 (2 patients have 2 fistulas) lesions. A total of 25 procedures were performed and 5 patients underwent 2 procedures. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 84 months (mean=34.5 months). Thirteen (59.1%) lesions in 12 (60.0%) patients acquired immediate occlusion after initial treatment (immediately occluded group) and follow-up confirmed the complete obliteration. A total of 17 (77.3%) lesions in 15 (75.0%) patients were cured at last follow-up. The maximal diameter of feeding arteries (p=0.04) and the maximal diameter of the varix (p=0.01) in immediately occluded group was smaller than non-immediately occluded group. The number of feeding artery (p=0.004) and the maximal diameter of the varix (p<0.001) were much smaller in curative group than non-curative group. Seven patients suffered procedure-related complications. No patients had an increased Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and all patients had favourable clinical outcome (mRS ≥2) at last follow-up.ConclusionsEndovascular therapy plays an important role in curative treatment of NGPAVF. Patients with less feeding arteries and small varix may be easier to be cured by endovascular embolisation.
Can Primary Cardiac Myxofibrosarcoma Grow Quickly from Zero to a Size Leading to Left-Sided Heart Failure within 9 Months?
Authors: Karazanishvili Levan , Limonjiani Eduard 
Published: December 2020

Malignant cardiac tumors are extremely rare, representing only 25% of all cardiac tumors, and angiosarcoma is the most common subtype. Myxofibrosarcomas are one of the rarest forms of cardiac malignant tumors. These tumors can silently grow and produce no or few symptoms until the tumor is large enough to obstruct blood flow. The definitive treatment is negative margin resection, if possible. Most cardiac tumors have a limited response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, surgical treatment is considered the best option. Our patient is a 57-year-old Caucasian postmenopausal female who presented with dyspnea, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Echocardiography confirmed the presence of a mass in the left atrium. A median sternotomy was performed with aortic and bicaval cannulation. Right atriotomy was performed, and the left atrium was exposed through the transseptal approach. A rounded smooth-surfaced mass was found in the left atrium that was

3.5
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4.5

cm in size. The mass had a prominent and firm attachment point with a wide-based stalk in the pulmonary vein-right atrium border area. The tumor was completely excised, and the excision point was strengthened with a running suture. The following pathologic diagnosis was finally made: myxofibrosarcoma, FNCLCC (National Federation of Cancer Centres) Grade 2. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), desmin, calretinin, Ki67, Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA), and S100. Given the rarity of cardiac malignant tumors, we thought preoperatively that this particular tumor could be a myxoma although it did not have the classical attachment point with a stalk at the interatrial septum. Our case is an example of how fast a cardiac sarcoma can grow. Nine months before the presentation, the patient underwent an echocardiography that did not show any signs of tumor growth. The estimated time of growth was 9 months or less. We followed our patient, performing a computer tomography scan and echocardiography 1 month after surgery, and these did not show any signs of tumor growth.
Macrophages Mediate the Antitumor Effects of the Oncolytic Virus HSV1716 in Mammary Tumors
Authors: Kwan Amy , Winder Natalie , Atkinson Emer , Al-Janabi Haider , Allen Richard J. , Hughes Russell , Moamin Mohammed , Louie Rikah , Evans Dhanajay , Hutchinson Matthew , Capper Drew , Cox Katie , Handley Joshua , Wilshaw Adam , Kim Taewoo , Tazzyman Simon J. , Srivastava Sanjay , Ottewell Penelope , Vadakekolathu Jayakumar , Pockley Graham , Lewis Claire E. , Brown Janet E. , Danson Sarah J. , Conner Joe , Muthana Munitta 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OV) have been shown to activate the antitumor functions of specific immune cells like T cells. Here, we show OV can also reprogram tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) to a less immunosuppressive phenotype. Syngeneic, immunocompetent mouse models of primary breast cancer were established using PyMT-TS1, 4T1, and E0771 cell lines, and a metastatic model of breast cancer was established using the 4T1 cell line. Tumor growth and overall survival was assessed following intravenous administration of the OV, HSV1716 (a modified herpes simplex virus). Infiltration and function of various immune effector cells was assessed by NanoString, flow cytometry of dispersed tumors, and immunofluorescence analysis of tumor sections. HSV1716 administration led to marked tumor shrinkage in primary mammary tumors and a decrease in metastases. This was associated with a significant increase in the recruitment/activation of cytotoxic T cells, a reduction in the presence of regulatory T cells and the reprograming of TAMs towards a pro-inflammatory, less immunosuppressive phenotype. These findings were supported by in vitro data demonstrating that human monocyte-derived macrophages host HSV1716 replication, and that this led to immunogenic macrophage lysis. These events were dependent on macrophage expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Finally, the antitumor effect of OV was markedly diminished when TAMs were depleted using clodronate liposomes. Together, our results show that TAMs play an essential role in support of the tumoricidal effect of the OV, HSV1716—they both host viral replication via a novel, PCNA-dependent mechanism and are reprogramed to express a less immunosuppressive phenotype.
Hardly Happily Ever After: Trafficking of Girls in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Parker Julie Faith 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article examines elements in the stories of Hagar (Gen. 16:1–3), Abishag (1 Kgs. 1:1–4), Esther (Esth. 2:1–4), and the unnamed Israelite slave girl (2 Kgs. 5:1–4) through the lens of human trafficking, specifically trafficking girls. First, I will argue that our tendency to understand Hagar, Abishag, and Esther as women, not girls, is undermined by the vocabulary used to describe them, as well as other contextual clues. I will then outline the United Nations’ criteria for defining the transport of a person as human trafficking. Most of the article provides narrative analyses of the four texts cited above. By identifying elements of dislocation, trauma, and exploitation in the stories of Hagar, Abishag, Esther, and the Israelite slave girl, I suggest that parts of their stories meet the criteria to fulfill the pattern of human trafficking. This childist interpretation further maintains that these portrayals of girls being trafficked have multiple troubling commonalities, with each other and with human trafficking today.
Reading with Minor Feelings: Racialized Emotions and Children’s (Non)agency in Judges 10–12
Authors: Kim Dong Sung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this article, I read the story of Jephthah and his daughter in Judges 10–12 within the contemporary context of racism and discrimination in the U.S. Particularly focusing on the affective and emotional dimensions of the lived experiences in racially/ethnically minoritized communities, I engage the biblical story with what poet and writer Cathy Park Hong calls, “minor feelings.” Reading the biblical narrative alongside Hong’s crudely personal—and yet pervasively common—accounts of Asian American racial trauma, I critically reflect on the notion of childhood agency, and suggest that the Western conception of agency neither reflects nor promotes the lives of the children in minority groups. In turn, I ask: What if we moved away from the traditional notions of agency and voice in our critical works, and, instead, turned towards emotions, sensations, and other embodied experiences as a site of interpretation, critique, and movement for social change?