bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whose Opinion Matters about Medications for Opioid use Disorder? A Cross-Sectional Survey of Social Norms among Court Staff
Authors: Andraka-Christou Barbara , Atkins Danielle N. 
Published: December 2020

Background Criminal problem-solving and dependency courts set treatment standards for opioid use disorder (OUD) but sometimes prohibit or limit utilization of medications for OUD (MOUD). Court staff beliefs about MOUD inform court treatment policies. Court staff MOUD policies may also be influenced by social norms, meaning perceptions of opinions of other individuals/entities about MOUD, including opinions of fellow staff in their court, staff in other courts, the state supreme court, other state agencies, the National Association of Drug Court Professionals (NADCP), federal agencies, and local peer support groups. To date no study has examined social norms among court staff with respect to MOUD. Methods We distributed an online cross-sectional survey in 2019 to all criminal problem-solving and dependency court staff in Florida. Respondents were asked to identify the extent to which they cared about different entities’/individuals’ opinions about MOUD and the extent to which they perceived each of those entities/individuals as encouraging MOUD. We hypothesized that court role and court type would be associated with responses. We used descriptive statistics, logistic regressions, and difference of proportions tests to analyze data. Results 20% of the population ( n = 119) completed the survey. Respondents cared most about the opinions of external treatment providers with whom they collaborate, fellow staff in their court, and the NADCP regarding MOUD. Fewer than half felt that any of these entities/individuals encourage methadone or oral buprenorphine. Additionally, fewer than 11% of respondents felt that local twelve-step peer support groups encourage the use of any form of MOUD. Conclusions MOUD education should target all members of court teams, including collaborating treatment providers. Since court staff care relatively little about the MOUD opinions of staff in other courts, changes in opinions in one court may not affect changes in opinions in a neighboring court. The NADCP should more explicitly state its support for MOUD, and specifically oral buprenorphine and methadone treatment.
Reflection‐impulsivity in athletes: A cross‐sectional and longitudinal investigation
Authors: Vaughan Robert S. , Hagyard Jack D. , Edwards Elizabeth J. , Jackson Robin C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReflection‐impulsivity is a dimension of cognitive or decision‐making style. We conducted two quasi‐experimental studies to examine reflection‐impulsivity in athletes using an information sampling task. In Study 1 (n = 108; Mage = 22.7 ± SDage = 1.42; 50% female), we used a cross‐sectional design to compare performance across athletic expertise (super‐elite, elite, amateur, novice or non‐athlete) and sport type (external‐paced or self‐paced). In Study 2 (Time 1 n = 106; Mage = 21.32 ± SDage = 5.77; 53% female and Time 2 n = 64; Mage = 21.19 ± SDage = 5.12; 44% female), we examined changes in reflection‐impulsivity across a 16‐week playing season. Study 1 showed more accurate and more efficient performance as athletic expertise increased. Study 2 revealed better effectiveness and efficiency following sport participation, a 16‐week playing season, most notably in elite‐level performers. No sport‐type differences were noted. Taken together, the studies demonstrate an association between reflection‐impulsivity and athletic expertise, while also providing evidence that competitive sports participation leads to efficient decisions based on reflection, without sacrificing accuracy, which is often a consequence of impulsive decision‐making.
Geometry of AdS-Melvin spacetimes
Authors: Kastor David , Traschen Jennie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study asymptotically AdS generalizations of Melvin spacetimes, describing gravitationally bound tubes of magnetic flux. We find that narrow fluxtubes, carrying strong magnetic fields but little total flux, are approximately unchanged from the Λ = 0 case at scales smaller than the AdS scale. However, fluxtubes with weak fields, which for Λ = 0 can grow arbitrarily large in radius and carry unbounded magnetic flux, are limited in radius by the AdS scale and like the narrow fluxtubes carry only small total flux. As a consequence, there is a maximum magnetic flux

Φ

m
a
x

=
2
π
/

−
Λ

that can be carried by static fluxtubes in AdS. For flux Φtot < Φmax there are two branches of solutions, with one branch always narrower in radius than the other. We compute the ADM mass and tensions for AdS-Melvin fluxtube, finding that the wider radius branch of solutions always has lower mass. In the limit of vanishing flux, this branch reduces to the AdS soliton.
Low-energy electromagnetic processes affecting free-falling test-mass charging for LISA and future space interferometers
Authors: Grimani Catia , Cesarini Andrea , Fabi Michele , Villani Mattia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles charge gold-platinum, free-falling test masses (TMs) on board interferometers for the detection of gravitational waves in space. The charging process induces spurious forces on the test masses that affect the sensitivity of these instruments mainly below 10−3 Hz. Geant4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to study the TM charging process on board the LISA Pathfinder mission that remained into orbit around the Sun–Earth Lagrange point L1 between 2016 and 2017. While a good agreement was observed between simulations and measurements of the TMs net charging, the shot noise associated with charging fluctuations of both positive and negative particles resulted 3–4 times higher that predicted. The origin of this mismatch was attributed to the propagation of electrons and photons only above 100 eV in the simulations. In this paper, low-energy electromagnetic processes to be included in the future Monte Carlo simulations for LISA and LISA-like space interferometers TM charging are considered. It is found that electrons and photons below 100 eV give a contribution to the effective charging comparable to that of the whole sample of particles above this energy. In particular, for incident protons ionization contributes twice with respect to low energy kinetic emission and electron backscattering. The other processes are found to play a negligible role. For heavy nuclei only sputtering must be considered.
Self-dual Einstein spaces and the general heavenly equation. Eigenfunctions as coordinates
Authors: Konopelchenko B G , Schief W K , Szereszewski A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Eigenfunctions are shown to constitute privileged coordinates of self-dual Einstein spaces with the underlying governing equation being revealed as the general heavenly equation. The formalism developed here may be used to link algorithmically a variety of known heavenly equations. In particular, the classical connection between Plebański’s first and second heavenly equations is retrieved and interpreted in terms of eigenfunctions. In addition, connections with travelling wave reductions of the recently introduced TED equation which constitutes a 4 + 4-dimensional integrable generalisation of the general heavenly equation are found. These are obtained by means of (partial) Legendre transformations. As a particular application, we prove that a large class of self-dual Einstein spaces governed by a compatible system of dispersionless Hirota equations is genuinely four-dimensional in that the (generic) metrics do not admit any (proper or non-proper) conformal Killing vectors. This generalises the known link between a particular class of self-dual Einstein spaces and the dispersionless Hirota equation encoding three-dimensional Einstein–Weyl geometries.
A double beam Fabry–Perot interferometer for measuring laser wavelength
Authors: Santosa I E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A modified Fabry–Perot interferometer has been used for measuring the laser wavelength. Two laser beams are directed to the Fabry–Perot interferometer. The first laser, i.e. a HeNe laser, is used as a reference, and the second laser is the measured laser. A driving mechanism is coupled to the interferometer to move the mirror. During the scanning the resulting fringes are monitored using two light sensors. A fast Fourier transform is used to determine the frequency of the fringe pattern shift of both lasers. The wavelength of the unknown laser is then calculated using the ratio of the frequency of the fringe pattern shift and the known reference laser’s wavelength. The performance of the system has been tested by determining the wavelength of three pointer lasers. The accuracy of this system can reach 3 nm, which is appropriate for undergraduate experiments.
Viscous properties of nickel-containing binary metal melts
Authors: Khusnutdinoff R M , Khairullina R R , Beltyukov A L , Lad’yanov V I , Mokshin A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of molecular dynamics study of the viscosity of nickel-containing binary metal melts for a wide range of temperatures, including the region of the equilibrium liquid phase and supercooled melt. It is shown that the temperature dependencies of the viscosity of binary metal melts are described by the Kelton’s quasi-universal model. Based on the analysis of the viscosity coefficient of the binary melt composition within the framework of the Rosenfeld’s scale transformations, it has been established that to correctly describe the viscosity of binary/multicomponent metal melts within the framework of entropy models, it is necessary to use a more complex representation of the excess entropy S
ex than in the approximation of pair correlation entropy S
2.
Hydrodynamic effects in the capture of rod-like molecules by a nanopore
Authors: Waszkiewicz Radost , Lisicki Maciej 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the approach of biomolecules to a nanopore, it is essential to capture the effects of hydrodynamic anisotropy of the molecules and the near-wall hydrodynamic interactions which hinder their diffusion. We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the behaviour of a rod-like molecule attracted electrostatically by a charged nanopore. We first estimate the time scales corresponding to Brownian and electrostatic translations and reorientation. We find that Brownian motion becomes negligible at distances within the pore capture radius, and numerically determine the trajectories of the nano-rod in this region to explore the effects of anisotropic mobility. This allows us to determine the range of directions from the pore in which hydrodynamic interactions with the boundary shape the approach dynamics and need to be accounted for in detailed modelling.
Sparse representations for fault signatures via hybrid regularization in adaptive undecimated fractional spline wavelet transform domain
Authors: Xiong Qingchun , Zhang Xin , Wang Jiaxu , Liu Zhiwen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent studies on vibration-based machine diagnostics have highlighted the role played by the wavelet transform (WT). However, common WT-based denoising methods (e.g. wavelet thresholding and non-penalty regularization) are often challenging in attaining accurate sparse representations of fault signatures in practice due to artifacts. In this paper, a method via hybrid regularization in the adaptive undecimated fractional spline WT (AUFrSWT) domain is introduced to achieve the accurate sparse representations of fault signatures from strong noise environments. The method promotes wavelet sparsity by two aspects: wavelet basis design and wavelet coefficient processing. For the former, a new wavelet family, i.e. a fractional spline wavelet, is used, and the AUFrSWT is originally proposed to customize the optimal wavelet basis and meanwhile address the translation-invariant issue. For the latter, the wavelet coefficients are estimated by minimizing a single convex model function with hybrid regularization, where nonconvex arctangent penalty is employed for wavelet sparsity promoting and total variation is used to improve the reconstruction performance of the shrunken coefficients. The method is validated by the analysis of actual bearing and gear vibration data from fault-injection experiments. Analysis and comparison results show great potential for signal sparse representations and machinery fault diagnostics.
Calculation of permanent magnet arrangements for stellarators: a linear least-squares method
Authors: Landreman Matt , Zhu Caoxiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A problem arising in several engineering areas is to design magnets outside a volume that produce a desired magnetic field inside it. One instance of this problem is stellarator design, where it has recently been shown that permanent magnets can provide the required shaping of the magnetic field. Here we demonstrate a robust and efficient algorithm REGCOIL_PM to calculate the spatial distribution of these permanent magnets. The procedure involves a small number of fixed-point iterations, with a linear least-squares problem solved at each step. The method exploits the Biot–Savart Law’s exact linearity in magnetization density and approximate linearity in magnet size, for magnets far from the target region. No constraint is placed on the direction of magnetization, so Halbach solutions are found naturally, and the magnitude of the magnetization can be made uniformly equal to a target value.
Quantitative evaluation of process-induced line-edge roughness in FinFET: Bayesian regression model
Authors: Yu Sangho , Shin Changhwan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the aggressive scaling down of the minimum feature size of advanced metal–oxide–semiconductor devices, it has become imperative to design and fabricate process-variation-immune devices. Technology computer-aided design simulations are typically used to test thousands of devices for process-variation immunity, but the process is computationally expensive. In this work, we propose a novel approach to simulate and predict the current–voltage characteristics of fin field-effect transistor devices with process-induced line-edge roughness (LER), within a few seconds. We exploit the Bayesian linear regression model to estimate the mean and standard deviation of the drain-to-source current (I
DS) for an arbitrary gate voltage (V
GS) and LER profile. We evaluate the prediction accuracy in terms of the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The MAPEs for the mean and standard deviation of I
DS are <1% and <20%, respectively, and the corresponding RMSEs are 0.0804 and 0.0263, respectively. Once the I
DS–V
GS distribution is estimated by means of this novel approach, the distributions of other device metrics such as the threshold voltage and off-state leakage current can be estimated.
The transport properties of ultrathin 2H–NbSe2
Authors: Lei L B , Zhang C , Yu A B , Wu Y F , Peng W , Xiao H , Qiao S , Hu T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The competing orders arising in a two-dimensional limit are the key to understanding unconventional superconductivity. The monolayer NbSe2 possessing a charge density wave (CDW) and superconducting orders provides a playground to study unconventional superconductivity. Here we fabricate an ultrathin 2H–NbSe2 device based on the mechanical exfoliation method and our electrode transfer technique. Detailed four-lead and two-lead transport measurements are performed in the ultrathin sample. The superconducting transition (
T

c

) at 4.3 K and CDW transition at 70 K are found in the sample, consistent with the literature report for ultrathin 2H–NbSe2. The superconducting gap (Δ) of ultrathin 2H–NbSe2 is estimated by fitting the two-lead transport spectroscopy with the Blonder–Tinkham–Klapwijk (BTK) theory. We found that Δ(
T
) exhibits a BCS-like temperature dependence with Δ

≈

1.1 meV at 0 K and

Δ

/

k
B

T
c

≈

3

. Meanwhile the gap-like features persist in the normal state and become unresolvable with the increasing temperature and magnetic field, suggesting a possible precursor superconductivity similar to the cuprate superconductors. Our results provide a new insight into superconductivity in ultrathin 2H–NbSe2.
Coupled dynamics of polaron and Bose–Einstein condensate in a parabolic potential
Authors: Mardonov Sh N , Sherman E Ya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study various regimes of coherent coupled motion of a polaron and one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate in a harmonic potential. By using qualitative analysis, perturbation theory and direct numerical solution of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation, we show that the entire dynamics is strongly nonlinear and critically depends on the sign of the self-interaction in the condensate and the sign of the interaction between the polaron-forming embedded particle and the condensate. Strongly mutually related evolution of the condensate shape, its center of mass position, and polaron coordinate is studied for coupled nonlinear polaron-condensate oscillations and transmission/reflection of the polaron through/by the condensate.
H-mode scrape-off layer power width in the TCV tokamak
Authors: Maurizio R. , Duval B.P. , Labit B. , Reimerdes H. , Faitsch M. , Komm M. , Sheikh U. , Theiler C. , the TCV team  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Obtaining acceptable conditions at the divertor targets of a next-step fusion experiment based on the tokamak concept is expected to be particularly challenging because of the small predicted value of the plasma power exhaust channel width. An increased confidence in this prediction is important to forestall any power exhaust issue and in developing corresponding divertor solutions. With the present prediction relying on empirical scaling laws based on data from six tokamaks, this letter tests these scaling laws on an additional device, the TCV tokamak. Estimates of the exhaust channel width, λ

q
, based on Thomson scattering measurements of the electron temperature and density profiles, correlate well with outer target infrared thermography. Reasonable agreement with multi-device scaling laws is found only when including both the power crossing the separatrix and the Greenwald density fraction as regression parameters. TCV’s λ

q
is 2 to 3 times smaller than in spherical tokamaks for the same value of the poloidal field. The inclusion of TCV data in the scaling laws would, therefore, require the retention of an explicit aspect ratio dependence, with consequences for all other dependencies.
New designs of target and cooling scheme for water cooled divertor in DEMO
Authors: Qian X.Y. , Peng X.B. , Song Y.T. , Mao X. , Liu P. , Song W. , Huang J.J. , Lu P. , Wang L. , Meng L.Y. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Developing a robust and reliable divertor with an adequate heat removal capability is one of the most crucial issues for the realization of DEMO. Although lots of designs and technologies have been accumulated for the water cooled divertor and a full tungsten water cooled divertor for ITER has been successfully developed, there is still a gap to catch up the requirements of DEMO mainly because of the neutron irradiation. For the purpose of putting forward a feasible proposal of the divertor for DEMO concept in a short to medium term, new designs for the target and cooling circuit have been explored in this article. According to the distribution characteristics of heat load and neutron irradiation damage on the divertor and the unique properties of materials, CuCrZr and RAFM are chosen as the heat sink material for the plasma facing unit (PFU) at strike zone and other zone respectively, which is named ‘dual PFUs’. A single coolant circuit is applied to both PFUs and a new design ideology of the cooling scheme has been developed. To assess the performance of the designs, corresponding thermal and structural response for the PFUs and thermal-hydraulics analysis for the cooling circuit had been performed. The property of CuCrZr in neutron irradiation environment is the main limitation for the performance of the target. And the new design for cooling circuit can effectively reduce the pressure drop without any negative impact on the divertor by rationally allocating the coolant through outer vertical target to inner vertical target and dome.
Project Coolbit: can your watch predict heat stress and thermal comfort sensation?
Authors: Nazarian Negin , Liu Sijie , Kohler Manon , Lee Jason K W , Miller Clayton , Chow Winston T L , Alhadad Sharifah Badriyah , Martilli Alberto , Quintana Matias , Sunden Lindsey , Norford Leslie K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Global climate is changing as a result of anthropogenic warming, leading to higher daily excursions of temperature in cities. Such elevated temperatures have great implications on human thermal comfort and heat stress, which should be closely monitored. Current methods for heat exposure assessments (surveys, microclimate measurements, and laboratory experiments), however, present several limitations: measurements are scattered in time and space and data gathered on outdoor thermal stress and comfort often does not include physiological and behavioral parameters. To address these shortcomings, Project Coolbit aims to introduce a human-centric approach to thermal comfort assessments. In this study, we propose and evaluate the use of wrist-mounted wearable devices to monitor environmental and physiological responses that span a wide range of spatial and temporal distributions. We introduce an integrated wearable weather station that records (a) microclimate parameters (such as air temperature and humidity), (b) physiological parameters (heart rate, skin temperature and humidity), and (c) subjective feedback. The feasibility of this methodology to assess thermal comfort and heat stress is then evaluated using two sets of experiments: controlled-environment physiological data collection, and outdoor environmental data collection. We find that using the data obtained through the wrist-mounted wearables, core temperature can be predicted non-invasively with 95 percent of target attainment within ±0.27 °C. Additionally, a direct connection between the air temperature at the wrist (T

a,w
) and the perceived activity level (PAV) of individuals was drawn. We observe that with increased T

a,w
, the desire for physical activity is significantly reduced, reaching ‘Transition only’ PAV level at 36 °C. These assessments reveal that the wearable methodology provides a comprehensive and accurate representation of human heat exposure, which can be extended in real-time to cover a large spatial distribution in a given city and quantify the impact of heat exposure on human life.
The refill gap: clean cooking fuel adoption in rural India
Authors: Cabiyo Bodie , Ray Isha , Levine David I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
From 2016 to 2019, the Indian Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) distributed over 80 million liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves, making it the largest clean cooking program ever. Yet, evidence shows widespread continued use of the traditional chulha, negating the potential health benefits of LPG. Here we use semi-structured interviews with female and male adults to understand the drivers of LPG usage in Mulbagal, Karnataka, the site of a proto-PMUY program. We find that respondents perceive the main value of LPG to be saving time, rather than better health. We also find that norms of low female power in the household, in addition to costs, delay saving for and ordering LPG cylinder refills. Namely, female cooks controlled neither the money nor the mobile phone required to order a timely refill. These factors together contribute to the ‘refill gap’: the period of non-use between refilling cylinders, which may range from days to even months. Our work reveals how gender norms can amplify affordability challenges in low-income households.