bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological Development of Combination Drug and Radiotherapy in Basic and Clinical Research
Authors: Chargari Cyrus , Levy Antonin , Paoletti Xavier , Soria Jean-Charles , Massard Christophe , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Deutsch Eric 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Newer technical improvements in radiation oncology have been rapidly implemented in recent decades, allowing an improved therapeutic ratio. The development of strategies using local and systemic treatments concurrently, mainly targeted therapies, has however plateaued. Targeted molecular compounds and immunotherapy are increasingly being incorporated as the new standard of care for a wide array of cancers. A better understanding of possible prior methodology issues is therefore required and should be integrated into upcoming early clinical trials including individualized radiotherapy–drug combinations. The outcome of clinical trials is influenced by the validity of the preclinical proofs of concept, the impact on normal tissue, the robustness of biomarkers and the quality of the delivery of radiation. Herein, key methodological aspects are discussed with the aim of optimizing the design and implementation of future precision drug–radiotherapy trials.
Antithrombotic Treatment of Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source
Authors: Diener Hans-Christoph , Sacco Ralph L. , Easton J. Donald , Granger Christopher B. , Bar Michal , Bernstein Richard A. , Brainin Michael , Brueckmann Martina , Cronin Lisa , Donnan Geoffrey , Gdovinová Zuzana , Grauer Claudia , Kleine Eva , Kleinig Timothy J. , Lyrer Philippe , Martins Sheila , Meyerhoff Juliane , Milling Truman , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Poli Sven , Reif Michal , Rose David Z. , Šaňák Daniel , Schäbitz Wolf-Rüdiger 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose—
The RE-SPECT ESUS trial (Randomized, Double-Blind, Evaluation in Secondary Stroke Prevention Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Thrombin Inhibitor Dabigatran Etexilate Versus Acetylsalicylic Acid in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source) tested the hypothesis that dabigatran would be superior to aspirin for the prevention of recurrent stroke in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source. This exploratory subgroup analysis investigates the impact of age, renal function (both predefined), and dabigatran dose (post hoc) on the rates of recurrent stroke and major bleeding.

Methods—
RE-SPECT ESUS was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of dabigatran 150 or 110 mg (for patients aged ≥75 years and/or with creatinine clearance 30 to <50 mL/minute) twice daily compared with aspirin 100 mg once daily. The primary outcome was recurrent stroke.

Results—

The trial, which enrolled 5390 patients from December 2014 to January 2018, did not demonstrate superiority of dabigatran versus aspirin for prevention of recurrent stroke in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source. However, among the population qualifying for the lower dabigatran dose, the rate of recurrent stroke was reduced with dabigatran versus aspirin (7.4% versus 13.0%; hazard ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.39–0.82]; interaction
P
=0.01). This was driven mainly by the subgroup aged ≥75 years (7.8% versus 12.4%; hazard ratio, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.43–0.94]; interaction
P
=0.10). Stroke rates tended to be lower with dabigatran versus aspirin with declining renal function. Risks for major bleeding were similar between treatments, irrespective of renal function, but with a trend for lower bleeding rates with dabigatran versus aspirin in older patients.

Conclusions—
In subgroup analyses of RE-SPECT ESUS, dabigatran reduced the rate of recurrent stroke compared with aspirin in patients qualifying for the lower dose of dabigatran. These results are hypothesis-generating. Aspirin remains the standard antithrombotic treatment for patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source.

Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02239120.
Neglecting Nonhuman Animals: A Content Analysis of Introductory Criminal Justice and Criminology Textbooks
Authors: Girgen Jen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As illustrated by the fact that all states now have felony anti-cruelty laws and the FBI has begun tracking some forms of nonhuman animal abuse in its National Incident-Based Reporting System, there is growing recognition by lawmakers and criminal justice professionals that the abuse of animals should be taken seriously and properly addressed by the criminal justice system. This article assesses 19 popular introductory criminal justice and criminology textbooks to determine whether these texts share this sentiment by giving attention to this offense. Results indicate that animal abuse is given no, or only minimal, attention in most of these textbooks, and when it is included, it tends to be framed more as an environmental problem than one of violence or morality. The article concludes with a call to textbook authors and publishers to better include animal abuse within their texts and offers suggestions for how to accomplish this.
Brokers on the Ward
Authors: Zaman Shahaduz , van der Geest Sjaak 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper is based on an ethnographic study conducted in a public hospital in Bangladesh. The study shows how the social dynamics necessary to deal with the structural realities of the hospital give this cosmopolitan institution a local character. In this paper, we describe this local character by focusing on the lower-level hospital staff, such as ward boys, cleaners, and gatemen. Social inequality and exclusion are rampant in Bangladeshi public hospitals. Doctors and nurses are unwilling to communicate with patients and their relatives, while the latter are unable to approach the former for specific help or information. Our research, shows how low-level support workers fill the void between the two “factions” and act as brokers transporting information and activities between these factions. By doing so they do not only make a crucial contribution to the functioning of the ward, but also gain considerable influence in spite of their low position.
Macro-level Differences in Participation in Sharing Economy
Authors: Konieczny Piotr 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Different countries embrace the sharing economy with differing enthusiasm and effects due to factors ranging from the development level to government policies and society’s cultural values. This research measures the participation of Asian countries in this phenomena through their contributions to a global sharing economy platform—Wikipedia. This study uses language as a proxy for each country, which allows for a macro-scale comparison of factors related to participation in sharing economy. The study finds that in addition to expected factors related to the global digital divide and the country’s development level, other factors such as country’s size, dominant language, and cultural factors also play a significant role. Lower development levels, multi-ethnic (multi-language) and smaller populations can be a severe impediment to the development of the sharing economy. Government policy (China) or unique Internet structure (South Korea) can create significant outliers. Contributing to the sharing economy is also more common in countries located near the self-expression and rational-secular ends of the Inglehart-Welzel model, and the uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and long-term orientation dimensions of the Hofstede model.
Biology and origin of isolated north-easternmost populations of the common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis
Authors: Kolenda Krzysztof , Skawiński Tomasz , Majtyka Tomasz , Majtyka Monika , Kuśmierek Natalia , Starzecka Agata , Jablonski Daniel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis, is a widely distributed European lizard which has been often introduced across the continent, including north of the continuous species range. Three such populations were recently discovered in the Strzelin Hills in Poland, but no information is available about their origin. We studied the morphological variation, demographic structure and ecology of these populations, as well as their possible origin based on cytochrome b mtDNA sequences. Between 2011 and 2019, the lizards were annually active from the first half of March to mid-October. Males attained significantly larger snout-vent length than females and had relatively larger heads. Almost half of all captured individuals exhibited at least one pileus scale anomaly. Analysis of colour polymorphism revealed the occurrence of three morphs: white, white-red and red. The oldest lizards reached the age of 8 years. These parameters of Polish populations do not deviate from those of other populations from similar latitudes. Molecular analysis revealed that they belong to the most common haplotype of Central European haplogroup I of the Central Balkan clade. This haplotype is widely distributed across the Czech Republic and Slovakia; however, genetic data do not allow determination of the exact origin of the Polish population. Human-mediated introduction from the closest localities, the Czech Republic or Slovakia, is probable but the relict status cannot at present be excluded.
Synergism of citral from Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and undecan-2-one against Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Barros Aline F. , Campos Vicente P. , de Paula Letícia L. , de Oliveira Denilson F. , Silva Geraldo H. 
Published: May 2020

Summary
The nematicidal activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus and its main components were studied. During in vitro assays with Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2), the oil showed an LC50 of 166 μg ml−1. In vivo assays that exposed J2 to the LC50 oil concentration significantly reduced galls and eggs on tomato roots. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, the main components of the essential oil were geranial (42.7%) and neral (33.0%). The combination of these two isomers, known as citral, had an enhanced nematicidal activity at low concentrations as shown by in vitro tests through a synergistic interaction with undecan-2-one. In assays with tomato plants inoculated with M. incognita J2, the combination of citral (600 μg ml−1) and undecan-2-one (300 μg ml−1) showed a high reduction in the number of galls (63.4%) and eggs (56.3%) in relation to Tween 80® control. The citral/undecan-2-one combination showed a synergistic nematicidal activity against M. incognita during in vitro and in vivo assays.
La première révolution politique occidentale ? (Odyssée IX-XII)
Authors: Courtieu Giles 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Homeric politics have interested scholars for a long time, but their attention has mostly focused on number of major political scenarios: the public assemblies and councils present in the Achaean camp, the agora of Ithaca, or the Trojan court. Yet nothing really decisive ever happens there, except the spread of confusion, despair, pride, and, in the end, either the lack of solution to the political issues variously raised in each case or the reinforcement of the established political order. Very likely the authors intended to express in this way their conservative ideas – and to echo those not-less conservative of their audiences – on who is apt to rule a community whatever its kind. However, this paper contends that, in order not to obliterate any possible political situation, they allowed some room for the portrayal of a special, if to their eyes undesirable, phenomenon that they therefore depicted in evil terms: the very possibility of a revolution, of a complete shift of authority within a given social group. Such possibility is evoked in the famous adventures that Ulysses tells the Phaeacians about a commander-in-chief who, due to his own fault, gradually loses power and authority over his rather small crew and is consequently deposed and replaced by someone else: a new spokesman for the majority – a daring choice which entailed their misfortune.
The Impact of GPS RO Data on the Prediction of Tropical Cyclogenesis Using a Nonlocal Observation Operator: An Initial Assessment
Authors: Chen Shu-Ya , Kuo Ying-Hwa , Huang Ching-Yuang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, the impact of global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) data on the prediction of the genesis of 10 tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific Ocean is assessed. With the use of a nonlocal excess phase observation operator in cycling data assimilation, the probability of detection for tropical cyclogenesis is increased from 30% to 70% for the cases considered, all of which developed into typhoons. However, the probability of detection is only increased to 40% when a local observation operator is used, indicating that the observation operator can significantly influence the performance of RO data assimilation in capturing tropical cyclogenesis. A nonlocal excess phase operator, which considers the atmospheric horizontal gradients by integrating the refractivity along a ray path, gives superior performance over the local observation operator. Additional sensitivity experiments on 3 of the 10 typhoon cases show that the RO data in the vicinity of the incipient cyclones (within 500 km of the cyclone center) are most critical to successful cyclogenesis prediction. This reflects the fact that having good RO observations at the right time and place is critical for RO to have beneficial impacts on tropical cyclogenesis. Further analyses for Typhoon Nuri (2008) show that assimilation of RO data using the nonlocal operator leads to moistening of the lower and middle troposphere, organized convection, robust grid-scale vertical motions, and the development of midlevel relative vorticity, all of which are favorable for tropical cyclogenesis.
Feasibility of Early Discharge after Open Hypopharyngeal Surgery for Dysphagia
Authors: Patel Jena , Spiegel Joseph , Topf Michael C. , Boon Maurits , Huntley Colin 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To determine the rate of surgical complications, unplanned readmission, and functional status after open hypopharyngeal surgery for dysphagia with early return to oral diet and hospital discharge. Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent open hypopharyngeal surgery for management of dysphagia from March 2013 to June 2018 at a single academic institution. A clear liquid diet is restarted the day of surgery and is advanced to a soft diet on postoperative day one. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for postoperative complications and unplanned readmission. Results: Ninety patients met eligibility criteria; 62 patients underwent open cricopharyngeal myotomy, 13 underwent Zenker’s diverticulectomy, 15 had a Zenker’s diverticulopexy. Mean inpatient length of stay was 2.0 ± 2.0 days (range 0-11 days); 57 patients (63.3%) were discharged on the same day as surgery or on postoperative day one. Seven patients (7.8%) had postoperative complications; the most common complication was esophageal leak (n = 6). Six patients (6.7%) had unplanned readmissions within 30 days. Mean time to unplanned readmission was 12 days (range 2-19 days). Open diverticulectomy was associated with an increased risk of unplanned readmission with an OR = 7.63 (95% CI 1.29, 45.45, P = .025). At last follow-up, 70% of patients had an increased functional oral intake by at least one scale score (FOIS) after surgery (mean follow-up 0.8 ± 1.1 years, range 0.02-5.1 years). Conclusion: An early diet and discharge may be safe for patients undergoing open surgery without a mechanical or suture closure of their esophageal mucosa, whereas in those undergoing diverticulectomy, NPO status and a radiological check before resuming drinking and eating are advised. Level of Evidence: 4
Breast cancer screening with mammography in women aged 40–49 years: Impact of length of screening interval on effectiveness of the program
Authors: Mao Zheng , Nyström Lennarth , Jonsson Håkan 
Published: May 2020

Objectives To estimate the impact on the effectiveness of Swedish breast cancer screening program in women aged 40–49 years of shortening the screening interval from 21 months to 18 or 12 months. Methods The reduction in breast cancer mortality among participants in screening with mammography was previously estimated in the Swedish SCReening of Young women (SCRY) study to be 29%. The expected increased effectiveness with a hypothetical shorter screening interval than the average of 21 months in SCRY was calculated using data about the women who died from breast cancer even though they participated in the SCRY program. Results During the study period, 547 women who participated in the index screening round died from breast cancer. Shortening the screening interval to 18 months led to an improved effectiveness of 0.7–3.9% considering interval cancers only and of 1.3–7.6% considering screening-detected cancers only, and for both interval and screening-detected cancers the improvement was 1.9–11.5% when the assumed mortality reduction for the deceased cases varied from 5% to 30%. Shortening the screening interval to 12 months increased the effectiveness by 1.6–9.8% for interval cancers and by 2.9–17.4% for both interval and screening-detected cancers. Conclusion Shortening the screening interval for women aged 40–49 years to 18 or 12 months might further reduce the breast cancer mortality rate.
Continuous time-varying feedback control of a robotic manipulator with base vibration and load uncertainty
Authors: Wang Xi , Hou Baolin 
Published: May 2020

To solve precise and fast position control of a robotic manipulator with base vibration and load uncertainty, a continuous time-varying feedback control method based on the implicit Lyapunov function is studied. This method is proportional–derivative-like in the form of control law, but its proportional and differential coefficients depend on the system Lyapunov function, which are differentiable functions of system error variables. In the motion process of the robotic manipulator, the system performance is influenced by three main nonlinear factors: system friction, balance torque, and base vibration. As the former two factors are available to be modeled and identified through experiments, compensation of the two terms is added to the proposed control law to reduce the effects of system nonlinearities to a certain extent. Experimental results show that the proposed control strategy is robust to base vibration and load uncertainty. Besides, the compensation of system friction and balance torque can shorten the positioning time by 27.3%, from 1.32 s to 0.96 s. Meanwhile, the positioning precision is guaranteed, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine in Peripheral or Emergency Neurologic Surgeries of Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ding Qin , Zhang Xianhe , Chen Peng 
Published: May 2020

Background: Although animal models have demonstrated dexmedetomidine (DEX) as neuroprotective in craniocerebral and subarachnoid injuries, but its role in humans remains to be elucidated. The objectives of the study were to compare plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cytokine, and superoxide dismutase levels of patients between those who received intraoperative DEX and those who received intraoperative normal saline (NSE) during peripheral or emergency neurologic surgeries. Methods: Intra- and postoperative data of blood biomarkers and surgical outcomes of patients who underwent peripheral or emergency neurologic surgeries with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injuries were analyzed retrospectively. Patients received intraoperative DEX group (n = 109) or NSE group (n = 116). Results: At 15 minutes after intubation and before the operation, in the DEX group, plasma BDNF concentration decreased but remained much higher than the NSE group ( P < .0001, q = 15.82). After 24 hours of surgeries, levels of cytokine were higher in the NSE group than the DEX group ( P < .05 for all). Dexmedetomidine increased malondialdehyde ( P < .0001) and superoxide dismutase ( P < .0001) levels in DEX group. Conclusions: Intraoperative infusion of DEX may have a neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects during peripheral or emergency neurologic surgeries. Level of Evidence: III.
Evaluating Care Partner Preferences for Seating in an Outpatient Surgery Waiting Area Using Virtual Reality
Authors: Jafarifiroozabadi Roxana , Joseph Anjali , Joshi Rutali , Wingler Deborah 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the factors impacting seating choices of care partners while conducting common tasks in an outpatient surgical center waiting room. Background: Waiting rooms in healthcare environments have been previously studied to understand how factors such as aesthetics, privacy, comfort, and positive distractions impact user perception of quality of care. Although care partners of patients often spend long hours in the surgical waiting rooms, no studies have addressed users’ seat type and location preferences in waiting areas. Methods: In this study, 92 participants made seat selections while performing scenario-based tasks in a virtual waiting area. A mixed-methods approach including a survey and semi-structured interviews was utilized to capture participants’ feedback on how certain factors (e.g., visibility, accessibility, privacy, comfort, and aesthetic quality) impacted their choices. Results: The optimal seat location and type in the waiting area varied depending on the type of task care partners were engaged in. While being able to sit with their loved one was the most important factor influencing seat selection during patient check-in, seat location was the most important factor in all other scenarios. The importance of factors such as seat comfort, seat type, visual and auditory privacy, and visibility to registration area varied across scenarios. However, the visual appearance of the seating remained equally important across all scenarios. Conclusions: The use of different scenarios allowed users to identify their preferences regarding seating within the context of their specific needs at different points in the waiting process.
Analgesia for extremity fractures in the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Tan Siew Ming , Ong Yong-Kwang Gene , Pek Jen Heng 
Published: May 2020

Background: Extremity fractures are an important and common presentation at the Paediatric Emergency Department (PED). Provision of analgesia is a key management principle, but it is often suboptimal. Although there is an increase in awareness of this issue, the impact on current practice is not known. We aimed to review the current practice of providing analgesia for extremity fractures in the PED. Objective: Our objective was to determine the utilisation, adequacy and timeliness of analgesia provided for these patients. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from November to December 2017. Patients with a diagnosis of extremity fracture involving the upper or lower limb were included. Information about patient demographics, diagnosis, pain score, analgesia use and clinical progress were collected for analysis. Results: There were 101 cases. The mean age was 8.5±4.2 years old, and 62 (61.4%) patients were male. There were 76 (75.3%) cases of fractures involving the upper limb, and 25 (24.7%) cases of fractures involving the lower limb. The mean pain score at presentation was 3.3±2.3. Analgesia was administered to only 10 (9.9%) patients, with oral paracetamol ( n=5; 5.0%) being the most common medication administered. The median time between arrival in the PED to analgesia administration was 69 minutes (range 25–328 minutes). Conclusions: Despite the increase in awareness, analgesia for these patients remains underutilised, inadequate and delayed. Further efforts at pain assessment, analgesia selection and administration are necessary to improve the provision of analgesia for these patients.