bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A measure development study of sugar-sweetened beverage-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and intention among urban, low-income adults
Authors: Heaton Brenda , Wright Julie A. , Bond Julia C. , Quintiliani Lisa M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is an important behavior that can influence individuals’ risk for diabetes, obesity, and other chronic diseases. Nonetheless, there is a lack of valid measures to assess SSB-related constructs. Reliable and valid measures can help evaluate the efficacy of interventions designed to curb SSB consumption. Our aim was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure constructs related to SSB consumption in English and Spanish.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 150 adult residents of public housing developments in Boston, Massachusetts between July of 2016 and January of 2017. All households from two public housing developments were approached by study staff to solicit participation via door-to-door knocking and posted flyers. We developed questions to measure three SSB-related constructs informed by the Social Cognitive Theory: SSB knowledge, and self-efficacy and intention to act on SSB consumption. The questions were pilot tested in the population, and then administered in-person by bilingual study staff in either English or Spanish. Interviews were conducted most often in the participant’s home and less frequently within a community space. Item normality was assessed with descriptive statistics. Difficulty of knowledge items was assessed with percent correct. Construct validity of self-efficacy items was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A model was considered a good fit if confirmatory factor index (CFI) > 0.95, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) < 0.05, and standardized root mean square residual (RMSR) < 0.05. Pearson correlations with consumption scores assessed criterion validity, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) assessed test-retest reliability.

Results
Of the eight knowledge items tested, only four items resulted in correct answers less than half of the time. CFA resulted in a 5-item scale with excellent fit indices (CFI = .99; RMSEA = .025: SRMR = .02) and Cronbach’s (0.79), test-retest (ICC = 0.68), and significant correlation with intention and SSB consumption. Of the four intention items, one was significantly correlated with SSB consumption.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence for the validity of key constructs related to SSB consumption for use in adults, which could provide important theory-based markers for program evaluations of SSB-related interventions.
Sex differences and psychological stress: responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Yan Shiyan , Xu Rui , Stratton Terry D. , Kavcic Voyko , Luo Dan , Hou Fengsu , Bi Fengying , Jiao Rong , Song Kangxing , Jiang Yang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
About 83,000 COVID-19 patients were confirmed in China up to May 2020. Amid the well-documented threats to physical health, the effects of this public health crisis - and the varied efforts to contain its spread - have altered individuals’ “normal” daily functioning. These impacts on social, psychological, and emotional well-being remain relatively unexplored – in particular, the ways in which Chinese men and women experience and respond to potential behavioral stressors. Our study investigated sex differences in psychological stress, emotional reactions, and behavioral responses to COVID-19 and related threats among Chinese residents.

Methods
In late February (2020), an anonymous online questionnaire was disseminated via WeChat, a popular social media platform in China. The cross-sectional study utilized a non-probabilistic “snowball” or convenience sampling of residents from various provinces and regions of China. Basic demographic characteristics (e.g., age and gender) – along with residential living arrangements and conditions – were measured along with psychological stress and emotional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Three thousand eighty-eight questionnaires were returned: 1749 females (56.6%) and 1339 males (43.4%). The mean stress level,as measured by a visual analog scale, was 3.4 (SD = 2.4) - but differed significantly by sex. Besides sex, factors positively associated with stress included: age (< 45 years), employment (unsteady income, unemployed), risk of infection (exposureto COVID-19, completed medical observation), difficulties encountered (diseases, work/study, financial, mental), and related behaviors (higher desire for COVID-19 knowledge, more time concerning on the COVID-19 outbreak). “Protective” factors included frequent contact with colleagues, calmness of mood comparing with the pre-pandemic, and psychological resilience. Males and females also differed significantly in adapting to current living/working, conditions, responding to run a fever, and needing psychological support services.

Conclusions
The self-reported stress of Chinese residents related to the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly related to sex, age, employment, resilience and coping styles. Future responses to such public health threats may wish to provide sex- and/or age-appropriate supports for psychological health and emotional well-being to those at greatest risk of experiencing stress.
Vaccination concerns, beliefs and practices among Ukrainian migrants in Poland: a qualitative study
Authors: Ganczak Maria , Bielecki Klaudia , Drozd-Dąbrowska Marzena , Topczewska Katarzyna , Biesiada Daniel , Molas-Biesiada Agnieszka , Dubiel Paulina , Gorman Dermot 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Ukrainians numbering approximately 1.2 million are the largest migrant group in Poland. Data on vaccination coverage among migrants are not collected in EU, including Poland. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to identify vaccination practices in this migrant group, to explore facilitators and barriers to vaccination and related access to Polish healthcare services.

Methods
In September 2019, a qualitative study of Ukrainian migrants (UMs) living in Szczecin, Poland, and recruited through a snowball sampling method, was conducted. Using a semi-structured topic guide, four focus groups were held with 22 UMs aged 18–45. Participants were asked about their attitudes towards vaccination in general with comparison between services in Poland and Ukraine. Following transcription and translation, a thematic analysis was conducted.

Results
Respondents were distrustful of Ukrainian vaccination policy, medical personnel and individual vaccines, however, they often returned to Ukraine for dental and gynaecological appoint-ments. While critical with regards to registering with Polish GPs practices, UMs were confident in health professionals, as well as vaccine delivery. Vaccines were perceived as safer and of better quality than in Ukraine. Difficulties in translating vaccination records were rarely reported, verbal communi-cation was not problematic due to language similarities. All UM parents reported vaccinating their children according to the Polish schedule. However, a significant number of adult UMs have not completed mandatory vaccinations, although they may have obtained false immunization certificates; according to UMs those can be obtained by bribing. Participants reported lower acceptance of the influenza vaccine, mainly due to perceptions around its importance; none had been vaccinated against influenza. None of UMs had heard of the HPV vaccine. UMs experienced challenges in accessing credible online vaccination information in Ukrainian, no official local health authority vaccination material existed either, except for information about measles.

Conclusions
This study pinpointed positive UM attitudes and practices regarding child vaccination in the Polish healthcare system and identified issues for improvement, such as adult vaccination. Health communication should be more tailored within UMs information delivery systems to enable migrants to make informed choices about vaccination. Further research is needed to better assess factors affecting vaccine uptake identified in this study.
Questionnaire choice affects the prevalence of recommended physical activity: an online survey comparing four measuring instruments within the same sample
Authors: Stassen Gerrit , Rudolf Kevin , Gernert Madeleine , Thiel Ansgar , Schaller Andrea 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Since prevalence estimates of recommended physical activity (PA) considerably vary between different surveys, prevalence might be crucially affected by the choice of measuring instrument. The aim of the present study is to compare the results of four PA questionnaires regarding the current moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic PA (MVPA) recommendations of the World Health Organization.

Methods
Within an online survey, participants answered the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS), the European Health Interview Survey PA Questionnaire (EHIS), the Eurobarometer (EURO), and a single-item measure (SIM). Weekly volume of MVPA was compared via a Friedman test and the prevalence of participants achieving the WHO’s MVPA recommendation via Cochran’s Q. Agreement between all questionnaire pairs was evaluated via Kappa statistics.

Results
One hundred seventy-six participants were included in the analyses (70.5% female, mean age: 33.1 years (SD=12.2)). Between the four questionnaires, the weekly volume of MVPA statistically significant differed (SIM: MED=90.0 (MIN=0.0, MAX=210.0), DEGS: MED=120.0 (MIN=0.0, MAX=420.0), EHIS: MED=240.0 (MIN=0.0, MAX=1395.0), EURO: MED=510.0 (MIN=0.0, MAX=2430.0), p<.001, all pairwise comparisons p<.01), as well as the prevalence of participants achieving the MVPA recommendations (SIM 31.3% (95% CI 24.5–38.7), DEGS 43.2% (95% CI 35.8–50.8), EHIS 67.0% (95% CI 59.6–73.9), EURO 87.5% (95% CI 81.7–92.0), p<.001), except between SIM and DEGS (p=.067). Agreement was weak between all questionnaire pairs (all κ< 0.60).

Conclusions
Questionnaire choice crucially affects the resulting MVPA data and hence the prevalence of achieving recommended PA levels within the same sample. Therefore, for PA surveillance, standardised survey and analysis methods and efforts to harmonise monitoring systems are needed, since whether recommended levels of PA are achieved should not be determined by the choice of one measuring instrument or another.
Setting – based prevalence and correlates of central obesity: findings from a cross-sectional study among formal sector employees in Dodoma City, Central Tanzania
Authors: Munyogwa Mariam John , Ntalima Kaloli Sayi , Kapalata Secilia Ng’weshemi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Obesity at the workplace has been associated with symptoms of lower self-esteem, increased individual and employer healthcare costs, increased absenteeism and presenteeism and reduced productivity. Therefore, this study was designed to study the prevalence and correlates of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City.

Methods
Study design was a cross-sectional survey conducted from March to June, 2019. Participants were employees from formal sector employment defined as those paid regular monthly wage and with either a secured permanent or temporary contract. Simple random sampling was used to select four out of fifteen large buildings hosting various establishments. Respondents were obtained conveniently and interviewed face to face. Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference greater than 102 cm for males and greater than 88 cm for females. Chi-square test was conducted to assess the differences among the groups. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were fitted to identify the correlates of central obesity.

Results
A total of 392 respondents (98% response rate) agreed and participated in the study. The overall prevalence of central obesity was found to be 41.8% (164/392). The prevalence of central obesity was significantly higher among females (67.4% p < 0.001), respondents aged ≥51 years (60%, p = < 0.001), administrators (55.1% p = < 0.05), respondents with salary of > 1,000,000 Tanzanian Shilling (TSh.) per month (54.4%, p = < 0.05), respondents who eat homemade meals at the workplace (64.2%, p = < 0.05) and respondents with hypertension (62.5%, p = < 0.05). Correlates of central obesity were found to be female sex (AOR = 9.53; 95% CI: 5.49, 16.78), increased age, eating homemade meals at the workplace (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.04, 4.19) and hypertension (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.41, 6.91).

Conclusions
The present study revealed high prevalence of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City. Scholars and stakeholders are urged to generate more evidences and design appropriate interventions to curb the situation.
Long-term outcomes of tracheal stents removal under fluoroscopy guidance: comparison of tracheal fistulas and tracheal stenosis
Authors: Bi Yonghua , Li Jindong , Bai Liangliang , Han Xinwei , Ren Jianzhuang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic removal is the most common method for removal of tracheal stents. Few studies have reported the technique of fluoroscopy-guided stent removal for tracheal fistula and tracheal stenosis. We aimed to study the safety and efficacy of fluoroscopy-guided stent removal as well as the optimal duration for stent usage.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 152 patients who underwent fluoroscopy-guided stent removal from January 2011 to June 2017. Reasons for stent implantation were tracheal fistula in 85 patients (TF group), and tracheal stenosis in 67 patients (TS group). All patients underwent tracheal CT scans before stent removal and during follow up. The technical success rate, complications, and survival rate were compared between the two groups.

Results
The technical success rate of stent removal was 98.9 and 97.4%, respectively for the TF and TS group. Removal was routine for half of patients, and in the remainder, excessive granulation tissue was the common indications for stent removal, which was found after stenting at 142.1 ± 25.9 days in the TF group, and at 89.9 ± 15.0 day in the TS group. The total incidence of complications was 21.1 and 22.4%, respectively, for the TF and TS groups. Perioperative death occurred in one patient in the TF group, and two patients in the TS group. Recurrence of fistula or stenosis requiring re-stenting was the most comment complication in both groups. The 0.5-, 3-, 6-year survival rates were 90.3, 59.6, and 36.1% for TF group, and 80.4, 75.7, 75.7% for TS group.

Conclusions
Fluoroscopic removal of tracheal stents is safe and effective for both tracheal fistula and tracheal stenosis, with no significant difference in outcomes. Clinicians should pay attention to the risk of hemoptysis for patients with malignant tumors and a combination with endoscopic hemostasis may help improve its safety.
Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy on patients with aspiration pneumonia accompanied by respiratory failure in the post-stroke sequelae stage
Authors: Xing Dong , Chen Yu-Hong , Wang Lan -Tao , Yu Bin , Ran Zhi -Bin , Chen Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy on patients with aspiration pneumonia accompanied by respiratory failure in the post-stroke sequelae stage, with the goal of providing more effective oxygen therapy and improving patient prognosis.

Methods
Retrospective analysis was conducted on 103 elderly patients with post-stroke aspiration pneumonia and moderate respiratory failure (oxygenation index: 100–200 mmHg) that had been admitted. The patients were divided into two groups according to the mode of oxygen therapy that was used: the Venturi mask group and the HFNC treatment group. The two groups were analyzed and compared in terms of the changes in the blood gas indices measured at different points in time (4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h), the proportion of patients that required transition to invasive auxiliary ventilation, and the 28-day mortality rate.

Results
A total of 103 patients were retrospectively analyzed; 16 cases were excluded, and 87 patients were included in the final patient group (42 in the HFNC group and 45 in the Venturi group). There was a statistically significant difference in the oxygenation indices of the HFNC group and the Venturi group (F = 546.811, P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant interaction between the monitored oxygenation indices and the mode of oxygen therapy (F = 70.961, P < 0.05), and there was a statistically significant difference in the oxygenation indices for the two modes of oxygen therapy (F = 256.977, P < 0.05). HFNC therapy contributed to the improvement of the oxygenation indices at a rate of 75.1%. The Venturi and HFNC groups also differed significantly in terms of the proportion of patients that required transition to invasive auxiliary ventilation within 72 h (P < 0.05). The HFNC group’s risk for invasive ventilation was 0.406 times that of the Venturi group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the 28-day mortality rate of the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
HFNC could significantly improve the oxygenation state of patients with post-stroke aspiration pneumonia and respiratory failure, and it may reduce the incidence of invasive ventilation.
Identification of population of bacteria from culture negative surgical site infection patients using molecular tool
Authors: Behera Himanshu Sekhar , Chayani Nirupama , Bal Madhusmita , Khuntia Hemant Kumar , Pati Sanghamitra , Das Sashibhusan , Ranjit Manoranjan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundManaging surgical site infections, with negative culture report in routine diagnosis is a common dilemma in microbiology accounting more than 30% worldwide. The present study attempted to identify the presence of bacterialspp.if any in wound aspirates/swabs of culture negative surgical site infections of hospitalised patients using molecular tools.MethodsNinety-seven patients with post-operative SSI whose wound swabs/aspirate were negative in the conventional aerobic culture after 72 h of incubation were analysed by 16S rRNA gene specific broad range PCR. The amplified DNA fragments were sequenced by Sanger DNA sequencing method and homology of the sequence were matched using NCBI BLAST (NCBI, USA)ResultsOf the 97 patients, 16S rRNA based broad range PCR assay could identify the presence of bacterial pathogen in 53(54.63%) cases, of which 29 isolates were supposed to be of viable but non-culturable bacteria (VBNC), 07 were of obligatory anaerobes and 13 were of unculturable bacteria, 04 were with poly bacterial infections.ConclusionsOur study highlights the usefulness of PCR assay in detecting the presence of any VBNC, anaerobes and unculturable bacteria in SSI patients regardless of how well the bacteria may or may not grow in culture. Measures should be taken to use anaerobic culture system and PCR diagnosis along with conventional culture to detect the VBNC and unculturable bacteria where Gram stain is positive for better patient care.
Dermatomyositis associated with prostate adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation
Authors: Minagawa Hideyuki , Kawai Taketo , Matsumoto Akihiko , Makino Katsuhiro , Sato Yusuke , Nagasaka Kenji , Tokura Masami , Tanaka Nao , Ito Eisaku , Yamada Yuta , Nakamura Masaki , Yamada Daisuke , Suzuki Motofumi , Murata Takashi , Kume Haruki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Although it is known that malignancies can be associated with dermatomyositis, there are few reports on dermatomyositis associated with prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation.

Case presentation
A 63-year-old man visited our hospital due to pollakiuria. High levels of PSA and NSE were observed, and prostate biopsy revealed an adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. Multiple metastases to the lymph nodes, bones, and liver were identified, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was started immediately. Following 2 weeks of treatment, erythema on the skin, and muscle weakness with severe dysphagia appeared. The patient was diagnosed with dermatomyositis, and high-dose glucocorticoid therapy was initiated. ADT and subsequent chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin (EP) were performed for prostate cancer, which resulted in decreased PSA and NSE and reduction of all metastases. After the initiation of EP therapy, dermatomyositis improved, and the patient regained oral intake function. Although EP therapy was replaced by docetaxel, abiraterone, and enzalutamide because of adverse events, no cancer progression was consistently observed. Dermatomyositis worsened temporarily during the administration of abiraterone, but it improved upon switching from abiraterone to enzalutamide and dose escalation of glucocorticoid.

Conclusions
We successfully treated a rare case of dermatomyositis associated with prostate adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation.
Establishment of a genetically engineered chicken DF-1 cell line for efficient amplification of influenza viruses in the absence of trypsin
Authors: Chungu Kelly , Park Young Hyun , Woo Seung Je , Lee Su Bin , Rengaraj Deivendran , Lee Hong Jo , Han Jae Yong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The initial step of influenza infection is binding of the virus to specific sialic acid receptors expressed by host cells. This is followed by cell entry via endocytosis. Cleavage of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein is critical for infection; this is performed by host cell proteases during viral replication. In cell culture systems, HA is cleaved by trypsin added to the culture medium. The vast majority of established cell lines are mammalian.

Results
In the present study, we generated genetically engineered chicken DF-1 cell lines overexpressing transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2, which cleaves HA), ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 (ST3GAL1, which plays a role in synthesis of α-2,3 linked sialic acids to which avian-adapted viruses bind preferentially), or both. We found that overexpression of TMPRSS2 supports the virus life cycle by cleaving HA. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of ST3GAL1 increased the viral titer. Finally, we showed that overexpression of both TMPRSS2 and ST3GAL1 increased the final viral titer due to enhanced support of viral replication and prolonged viability of the cells. In addition, overexpression of these genes of interest had no effect on cell proliferation and viability.

Conclusions
Taken together, the results indicate that these engineered cells could be used as a cell-based system to propagate influenza virus efficiently in the absence of trypsin. Further studies on influenza virus interactions with chicken cell host factors could be studied without the effect of trypsin on cells.