bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of Graviera Agraphon cheese during refrigerated storage
Authors: Solomakos Nikolaos , Govari Maria , Botsoglou Evropi , Pexara Andreana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work was to examine the effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the physicochemical and microbiological changes of Graviera Agraphon cheese during refrigerated storage. Blocks of Graviera Agraphon cheese weighing around 200 g were packaged under natural (control) or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions (50% N2– 50% CO2) and stored at 4 °C or 10 °C for up to 85 d. Prior to packaging, groups of cheese blocks were inoculated with one each of the following foodborne pathogens at around 104log cfu/g:Listeria monocytogenes, SalmonellaTyphimurium,Escherichia coliO157:H7 orStaphylococcus aureus,whilst further groups of cheese blocks were not inoculated. The protein, fat, moisture and salt contents as well as the pH of control and MAP cheese samples did not change significantly (P> 0.05) throughout 4 °C storage, while the pH values of control and MAP cheese samples were significantly (P< 0.05) reduced at 10 °C storage. At 10 °C storage, yeasts and molds, psychrotrophs and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were significantly higher (P< 0.05) for the normal atmosphere than the MAP cheese samples after the 4th, 8thand 4thdays, respectively. At 4 °C storage, the yeasts and molds or psychrotrophs were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than those of control after the 6thand 15thdays, respectively at 4 °C storage. All foodborne pathogens showed a higher decrease (P< 0.05) at 10 °C than 4 °C storage.S. aureusproved more sensitive in inactivation in the MAP conditions than atmospheric conditions.L. monocytogenesandS.aureuspresented a higher decrease than that ofE. coliO157:H7 andS.Typhimurium. In conclusion, MAP proved efficient in retarding the growth of yeasts, molds, psychrotrophs andE. coliO157:H7,L. monocytogenes,S. TyphimuriumandS. aureusin Graviera Agraphon cheese during refrigerated storage at 4 and 10 °C.
Cultivation media for lactic acid bacteria used in dairy products
Authors: Hayek Saeed A. , Gyawali Rabin , Aljaloud Sulaiman O. , Krastanov Albert , Ibrahim Salam A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis review aims to familiarize the reader with research efforts on the cultivation media of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). We have also included a brief discussion on standard ingredients used in LAB media and chemically defined media as related to bacterial growth requirements. Recent research has focused on modifying standard media for the enumeration, differentiation, isolation, and identification of starter cultures and probiotics. Even though large numbers of these media have been developed to serve dairy microbial control, they have failed to provide consistent results. The research consequently points to the need to develop a reliable lactobacilli growth medium for the dairy industry.
Human–elephant interactions in areas surrounding the Rungwa, Kizigo, and Muhesi Game Reserves, central Tanzania
Authors: Hariohay Kwaslema Malle , Munuo Wilbright Abraham , Røskaft Eivin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study assesses the patterns of crop damage by elephants Loxodonta africana in areas adjacent to the Rungwa, Kizigo and Muhesi Game Reserves in Tanzania. We used a questionnaire survey to collect data from a total of 210 household heads from seven villages, with 30 household heads in each village, during June–August 2015. Proximity was a significant factor influencing losses, with crop farms within < 1 km from the reserves having higher losses, followed by those 1–5 km and > 5 km distant. Most households (81.0%) < 1 km from a reserve reported crop damage whereas those within 1–5 km (65.9%) and > 5 km (20.0%) reported less damage. Most of the losses (79.8%) occurred in the first half of the year (the wet season). Immigrants reported higher average losses to crops than Indigenous respondents. Noise making, flashlights, setting fire around fields and disturbance by shooting were the methods used to deter elephants from entering crop fields. We recommend that communities around these game reserves avoid areas that are < 1 km from the reserve boundary, plant crops such as chilli, use honeybee Apis mellifera fences to deter elephants from their crops, and receive education on available mitigation methods, to help minimize crop losses to elephants.
Korean-speaking children's perceptual development in multidimensional acoustic space
Authors: SON Gayeon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigated how Korean toddlers’ perception of stop categories develops in the acoustic dimensions of VOT and F0. To examine the developmental trajectory of VOT and F0 in toddlers’ perceptual space, a perceptual identification test with natural and synthesized sound stimuli was conducted with 58 Korean monolingual children (aged 2–4 years). The results revealed that toddlers’ perceptual mapping functions on VOT mainly in the high-pitch environment, resulting in more successful perceptual accuracy in fortis or aspirated stops than in lenis stops. F0 development is correlated with the perceptual distinction of lenis from aspirated stops, but no consistent categorical perception for F0 was found before four years of age. The findings suggest that multi-parametric control in perceptual development guides an acquisition ordering of Korean stop phonemes and that tonal development is significantly related to the acquisition of Korean phonemic contrasts.
Moult intensity in blue petrels and a key moult site off West Antarctica
Authors: Ryan Peter G. , Lee Jasmine R. , Bouard Fabrice Le 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBlue petrels (Halobaena caeruleaGmelin) rapidly moult their flight feathers in Antarctic waters in February–April, immediately following the breeding season, yet the behaviour of moulting birds at sea has not been described. We observed large numbers of moulting blue petrels off West Antarctica from 67–71°S and 78–119°W in mid-February 2017. Most of these birds probably breed at the Diego Ramirez archipelago, southwest of Cape Horn, which is the closest colony to this area. Moulting petrels often sit on the water in dense flocks, just outside the marginal ice zone, at sea temperatures of -0.7 to 0.9°C. Wing moult is intense, with 7–8 inner primaries (62–75% of primary length and 55–69% of primary mass), their corresponding primary coverts and all greater secondary coverts being grown at the same time. Moulting petrels need a reliable food source during this energetically demanding period, so the waters off West Antarctica are probably crucial for the Diego Ramirez population, which makes up more than half of the world's blue petrels.
Doctor Atomicor: How John Adams Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Sound Design
Authors: Ebright Ryan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn his autobiography, John Adams mused that his 2005 opera,Doctor Atomic, challenges directors and conductors owing to its ‘abstracted treatment’ of time and space. This abstraction also challenges scholars. In this article, I bring the cross-disciplinary field of sound studies into the opera house to demonstrate that Adams's obfuscation of operatic space–time is achieved primarily through the use of a spatialised electroacoustic sound design. Drawing on archival materials and new interviews with director Peter Sellars and sound designer Mark Grey, I outline the dramaturgical, epistemological and hermeneutic ramifications of sound design for opera studies and advocate for disciplinary engagement with the spatial dimensions of electroacoustic music generally, and within opera specifically.
Evaluation of nest habitat, site preferences and architecture of the critically endangered White-bellied HeronArdea insignisin Bhutan
Authors: ACHARJA INDRA PRASAD 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis research evaluated the nesting habitat, nest-site preferences, and nest architecture of the critically endangered White-bellied HeronArdea insignisin Bhutan. There are fewer than 60 wild birds left in the world, distributed in Bhutan, India, and Myanmar with fewer than five active breeding pairs in Bhutan. From 2003 to 2018, 20 successful and two unsuccessful nests were located from which at least 76 juveniles were expected to have fledged. The population in Bhutan has remained at 22–30 individuals for the last decade. Site-specific data were collected from 22 nests, and additional vegetation and environmental data were collected from 14 nests and random sites. We used 20-m diameter circular plots to evaluate the site preferences. Ground vegetation, litter and rock cover were evaluated using four 1-m2quadrats in both nest and random sites. Nesting habitat was analysed to compare characteristics of nesting sites to random sites. Our results suggest that the White-bellied Heron builds a simple platform nest within average distance of 74 m from water bodies on the tallest isolated trees at an average height of 18.3 m on an elevated site with a clear overview of surroundings and are sensitive to even slight disturbance. Our results also suggest that the bird has a preference for an east-facing aspect at an average slope of approximately 40° between the altitudes of 400–1,450 m. Our observations also suggest that the bird has abandoned all nesting sites used prior to 2015, and the frequency of nest re-use has decreased. Protecting each nest site from hazards, avoiding disturbance, maintaining safe feeding habitats and flight routes are essential to ensure continued breeding in current sites and survival of this population. Further research to better understand the habitat requirements for the White-bellied Heron is vital.
Increased nitrogen retention by cover crops: implications of planting date on soil and plant nitrogen dynamics
Authors: Zhou Yangxue , Roosendaal Lindsey , Van Eerd Laura L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCover crops are frequently adopted to immobilize residual nitrogen post-harvest, thereby reducing potential N losses. However, the effectiveness of a cover crop depends on the species planting date, and other management practices. Limited information on N dynamics in cover crop systems is available specially in short-season vegetable rotations under temperate climate. From 2008 to 2010, a split-plot field experiment was carried out in a humid, temperate climate with cover crop treatment as the main plot factor [no cover crop control (NoCC), cereal rye, hairy vetch, oat, forage pea, oilseed radish (OSR) and a control with fertilizer N to the cucumber crop (NoCC + N)], and cover crop planting date as the split factor (early and late) to evaluate their impacts on cover crop biomass and N dynamics over the fall and following cucumber crop. All cover crop treatments significantly lowered soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) by 39–87% compared to the NoCC control, which was concomitant with cover crop growth and N accumulation. In the fall, SMN (0–90 cm depth) was less under the early-planted cover crops (avg. 78 kg N ha−1) compared to the late-planted (avg. 100 kg N ha−1). In April, greater plant available nitrogen (PAN, sum of SMN to 60 cm depth and plant N) with cover crops than without demonstrated N conservation over the winter and into the cucumber crop. Crop yield was equal to or better with a cover crop compared with the NoCC in both years; moreover, compared to the NoCC + N control yields were equivalent with OSR and pea. Oat, vetch and pea cover crops benefited the most by having an earlier planting date, while OSR and rye are recommended if the planting date is delayed. Although an early August planting date significantly increased plant N accumulation and SMN by November, this species-dependent interaction did not persist into the following season in yield and N accounted for in the system.
Alzheimer's disease medication and outcomes of hospitalisation among patients with dementia
Authors: Möllers T. , Perna L. , Stocker H. , Ihle P. , Schubert I. , Schöttker B. , Frölich L. , Bauer J. , Brenner H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsThe use of Alzheimer disease medication for the treatment of dementia symptoms has shown significant benefits with regards to functional and cognitive outcomes as well as nursing home placement (NHP) and mortality. Hospitalisations in these patient groups are characterised by extended length of stays (LOS), frequent readmissions, frequent NHP and high-mortality rates. The impact of Alzheimer disease medication on the aforementioned outcomes remains still unknown. This study assessed the association of Alzheimer disease medication with outcomes of hospitalisation among patients with Alzheimer disease and other forms of dementia.MethodsA dynamic retrospective cohort study from 2004 to 2015 was conducted which claims data from a German health insurance company. People with dementia (PWD) were identified using ICD-10 codes and diagnostic measures. The main predictor of interest was the use of Alzheimer disease medication. Hospitalisation outcomes included LOS, readmissions, NHP and mortality during and after hospitalisation across four hospitalisations. Confounding was addressed using a propensity score throughout all analyses.ResultsA total of 1380 users of Alzheimer disease medication and 6730 non-users were identified. The use of Alzheimer disease medication was associated with significantly shorter LOS during the first hospitalisations with estimates for the second, third and fourth showed a tendency towards shorter hospital stays. In addition, current users of Alzheimer disease medication had a lower risk of hospital readmission after the first two hospitalisations. These associations were not significant for the third and fourth hospitalisations. Post-hospitalisation NHP and mortality rates also tended to be lower among current users than among non-users but differences did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsOur results indicate that Alzheimer disease medication might contribute to a reduction of the LOS and the number of readmissions in PWD.
Weed control by 2,4-D dimethylamine depends on mixture water hardness and adjuvant inclusion but not spray solution storage time
Authors: Schortgen Geoffrey P. , Patton Aaron J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHerbicides are an important tool in managing weeds in turf and agricultural production. One of the earliest selective herbicides, 2,4-D, is a weak acid herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds. Water-quality parameters, such as pH and hardness, influence the efficacy of weak acid herbicides. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate how varying water hardness level, spray solution storage time, and adjuvant inclusion affected broadleaf weed control by 2,4-D dimethylamine. The first experiment evaluated a range of water-hardness levels (from 0 to 600 mg calcium carbonate [CaCO3] L−1) on efficacy of 2,4-D dimethylamine applied at 1.60 kg ae ha−1 for dandelion and horseweed control. A second experiment evaluated dandelion control from spray solutions prepared 0, 1, 4, 24, and 72 h before application. Dandelion and horseweed control by 2,4-D dimethylamine was reduced when the CaCO3 level in water was at least 422 or at least 390 mg L−1, respectively. Hard-water antagonism was overcome by the addition of 20 g L−1 ammonium sulfate (AMS) into the mixture. When AMS was included in spray mixtures, no differences were observed at 600 mg CaCO3 L−1, compared with distilled water. Spray solution storage time did not influence dandelion control, regardless of water-hardness level or adjuvant inclusion. To prevent antagonism, applicators should use a water-conditioning agent such as AMS when applying 2,4-D dimethylamine in hard water.
Sensitivity of Global Pasturelands to Climate Variation
Authors: Stanimirova Radost , Arévalo Paulo , Kaufmann Robert K. , Maus Victor , Lesiv Myroslava , Havlík Petr , Friedl Mark A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPasturelands are globally extensive, sensitive to climate, and support livestock production systems that provide an essential source of food in many parts of the world. In this paper, we integrate information from remote sensing, global climate, and land use databases to improve understanding of the resilience and resistance of this ecologically vulnerable and societally critical land use. To characterize the effect of climate on pastureland productivity at global scale, we analyze the relationship between satellite‐derived enhanced vegetation index data from MODIS and gridded precipitation data from CHIRPS at 3‐ and 6‐month time lags. To account for the effects of different production systems, we stratify our analysis by agroecological zones and by rangeland versus mixed crop‐livestock systems. Results show that 14.5% of global pasturelands experienced statistically significant greening or browning trends over the 15‐year study period, with the majority of these locations showing greening. In arid ecosystems, precipitation and lagged vegetation index anomalies explain up to 69% of variation in vegetation productivity in both crop‐livestock and rangeland‐based production systems. Livestock production systems in Australia are least resistant to contemporaneous and short‐term precipitation anomalies, while arid livestock production systems in Latin America are least resilient to short‐term vegetation greenness anomalies. Because many arid regions of the world are projected to experience decreased total precipitation and increased precipitation variability in the coming decades, improved understanding regarding the sensitivity of pasturelands to the joint effects of climate change and livestock production systems is required to support sustainable land management in global pasturelands.
Thermal Conductivity of Snow, Firn, and Porous Ice From 3‐D Image‐Based Computations
Authors: Calonne Neige , Milliancourt Lucas , Burr Alexis , Philip Armelle , Martin Christophe L. , Flin Frederic , Geindreau Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEstimating thermal conductivity of snow, firn, and porous ice is key for modeling the thermal regime of alpine and polar glaciers. Whereas thermal conductivity of snow was widely investigated, studies on firn and porous ice are very scarce. This study presents the effective thermal conductivity tensor computed from 64 3‐D images of microstructures of snow, antarctic firn, and porous ice at −3, −20, and −60°C. We show that, in contrast with snow, conductivity of firn and porous ice correlates linearly with density, is approximately isotropic, and is largely impacted by temperature. We report that performances of commonly used estimates of thermal conductivity vary largely with density. In particular, formulas designed for snow lead to significant underestimations when applied to denser ice structures. We present a new formulation to accurately estimate the thermal conductivity throughout the whole density range, from fresh snow to bubbly ice, and for any temperature conditions encountered in glaciers.
Towards Global Hydrological Drought Monitoring Using Remotely Sensed Reservoir Surface Area
Authors: Zhao Gang , Gao Huilin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHydrological drought quantification using surface water information has been lacking at a large scale due to limited in situ data. We introduce a framework for monitoring hydrological droughts using a global, long‐term, monthly, remotely sensed reservoir surface area dataset. At regional scales, a new index—the reservoir area drought index (RADI)—is defined as the monthly normalized reservoir area time series. RADI was validated using an in situ reservoir storage based index (average R2 = 0.83). RADI not only helps to characterize drought propagation from meteorological and agricultural droughts to hydrological droughts but also fills the information gap between streamflow/runoff based and groundwater based drought indices. The surface area dataset was further used to characterize the recovery rate (and to estimate the recovery time) at the individual reservoir scale during droughts. This across‐scale drought monitoring framework can help mitigate drought impacts and increase water use efficiency among multi‐reservoir systems.
Asian Winter Monsoon Imprint on Holocene SST Changes at the Northern Coast of the South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Yancheng , Zhu Kai , Huang Chao , Kong Deming , He Yuxin , Wang Huanye , Liu Weiguo , Xie Zhouqing , Wei Gangjian , Liu Zhonghui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIndependent inference of the Asian winter monsoon (AWM), albeit achieved at several sparse sites, has reached no consensus for its variability through the Holocene. A sediment core from the northern coast of the South China Sea (SCS) was utilized to analyze organic biomarkers at (bi‐)decadal resolution, unveiling how SCS oceanic conditions fingerprint the AWM signal. Generally, alkenone sea surface temperature (SST) record, resembling the temporal structures of integrated tropical SST over the past 7,500 years, shows abnormal cool temperatures (up to ~4 °C) during the Little Ice Age and between ~1,200 and 2,500 years BP, when windborne terrigenous hopane compounds experienced considerable increases superimposed on a general increasing trend. Our results, together with augmented SST gradient between the SCS coast and open ocean, consistently suggest AWM strengthening toward the late Holocene. An intensified AWM during cold intervals like the Little Ice Age would have provided strong positive feedback to enhance coastal cooling.
Toward an Integrated View of Ionospheric Plasma Instabilities: 4. Behavior in the Transitional Valley Region
Authors: Makarevich Roman A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBehavior of unstable plasma waves generated by the Farley‐Buneman instability (FBI) and the gradient drift instability (GDI) is analyzed in the transitional valley region near 120 km in altitude. The analysis is based on the expression for the FBI/GDI growth rate γ that has been recently generalized to include ion inertia effects for arbitrary altitude and wavelength, within the limits imposed by the fluid and local approaches. It is found that the ion inertia leads to a different instability behavior when the convection component is between the two critical values determined by the ion acoustic speed Cs and the ratio ri between the ion collision and gyrofrequency. The most interesting case occurs near 120 km, just below where ri=1. From analysis of electron density gradients G=∇n/n that result in marginal instability condition γ=0 (i.e., critical gradients G0), there exists a critical scale where G0=0 and below which all waves are unstable to FBI. Above this scale, G0>0 and gradients need to be sufficiently strong G>G0 for the plasma to become unstable through GDI. There also exists a maximum in dependence
, which refers to the least unstable scale and gradient. For convection outside of the specified range, no critical or least unstable scale exists, which is a typical situation outside of the transitional valley region. Overall, this analysis shows that the FBI convection thresholds and the GDI critical gradients are modified by the ion inertia and that the effects are most pronounced in the transitional valley region near 120 km.