bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative visits for care of minor injuries are associated with traumatic brain injury in young children
Authors: Obikane Erika , Yamana Hayato , Yasunaga Hideo , Kawakami Norito 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association between cumulative visits for care of minor injuries and risk of traumatic brain injuries in children aged ≤36 months.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of children born from 2009 to 2012, using a health insurance claims database in Japan. We investigated the total number of visits where children aged 0‐36 months presented for treatment of minor injuries such as superficial injuries, fractures, burns and foreign body ingestions. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the cumulative number of visits for treatment of minor injuries and traumatic brain injuries in children aged ≤36 months.ResultsA total of 91 011 children were included in the analysis, 51% of whom were boys. Traumatic brain injuries were identified in 0.7% of these children. Cumulative visits for care of minor injuries among children aged 0‐36 months were significantly associated with traumatic brain injuries by 36 months of age, with an odds ratio of 2.12 (95% confidence interval: 1.68‐2.68) for multiple visits.ConclusionCumulative visits for treatment of minor injuries during the first 36 months of life were associated with increased risk of traumatic brain injuries by 36 months of age.
Understanding K‐12 teachers’ intention to adopt open educational resources: A mixed methods inquiry
Authors: Tang Hengtao , Lin Yu‐Ju , Qian Yingxiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTeachers in K‐12 settings often teach out of textbooks in order to provide differentiated instruction. Open educational resources (OER) might be an effective alternative to traditional textbooks for K‐12 teachers because of a free access to a rich collection of open‐licensed educational materials. Understanding how to encourage teachers to accept OER is thus critical. However, existing evidence mainly concerns the advantage of OER in cost reduction but overlooks the merit of openness. To fill this gap, this mixed methods inquiry, implementing the technology acceptance model, integrated qualitative and quantitative findings to obtain a comprehensive understanding of teachers’ intentions of adopting OER in K‐12 settings. This study found that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness predicted K‐12 teachers’ intention to adopt OER with attitudes toward OER as a mediating variable. Perceived ease of use also determined perceived usefulness. Teachers’ perceptions of OER adoption were also examined for additional insight into the quantitative findings. Practical implications of adopting OER in K‐12 curriculum were discussed.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

K‐12 teachers need to teach out of textbooks to provide differentiated instruction but publishers usually charge teachers high subscription fees without giving them permission to customize the resources.
Open educational resources (OER) allow teachers to retain, reuse, revise, remix and redistribute free open‐licensed resources.
Teachers’ intention to use technology predicts their actual technology use, but evidence regarding reinforcing teachers’ intention to adopt OER is limited.
What this paper adds

This paper demonstrates the perceived ease of use of OER is a primary factor in how useful teachers consider them to be, how teachers feel about them in general, and how likely they are to use OER.
This paper shows perceived usefulness of OER determines teachers’ attitudes toward and intention to use OER.
This paper shows teachers’ attitudes toward OER mediate the effect of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on their intention to adopt OER.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Simplifying the search process by improving the design of OER repositories to reinforce teachers’ perception that OER are easy to use.
Establishing quality assurance of OER to strengthen teachers’ perception that OER are useful.
Advocating open educational practices in K‐12 settings to engage students and teachers in the creation and curation of open content.
Initiating nationwide campaigns (eg, #GoOpen) to engage school districts and teachers in producing and publishing high‐quality OER.
The relationship of severity of depression with homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D levels in children and adolescents
Authors: Esnafoglu Erman , Ozturan Deniz Deniz 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundDepression is a heterogeneous disorder and is thought to develop as a result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. One‐carbon metabolism that includes vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine has been investigated in psychiatric disorders like depression. In recent years, vitamin D has also been considered to contribute to psychiatric disorders. In this study, serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine related to one‐carbon metabolism and vitamin D were investigated in children and adolescents with depression and to assess possible roles in depression pathogenesis.MethodsThe study included 89 children and adolescents with depression (69 female, 20 male; mean age ± SD = 15.08 ± 1.46) and 43 control subjects (31 female, 12 male; mean age ± SD = 14.41 ± 2.32) without any DSM‐5 diagnosis. Each subject completed a sociodemographic form, Childhood Depression Inventory, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory 1‐2 and measured serum folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and 25‐OH vitamin D levels.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the groups in terms of folate levels (p = .052). In the patient group, the vitamin B12 and vitamin D levels were clearly low (p values for both levels were <.001), while homocysteine levels were found to be remarkably high (p < .001). In addition, there was a negative correlation between depression severity and vitamin B12 and vitamin D, while a positive correlation was found with homocysteine.ConclusionsThe results of the study show that vitamin B12 deficiency or insufficiency and elevated homocysteine may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of depression. Additionally, it was shown that lower vitamin D levels may be associated with depression.Key Practitioner Message

Depression of children and adolescents is associated with the interaction of environmental and genetic factors.

Homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate related to one‐carbon metabolism are associated with psychiatric disorders such as depression in adulthood.

Vitamin D also contributes to psychiatric disorders pathogenesis.

There are not enough studies in the literature about these parameters in children with depression.

Low vitamin B12 and vitamin D levels and increased homocysteine levels may play a role in the pathogenesis of depression in children and adolescents.

Investigation of vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine, and vitamin D levels are recommended in children and adolescents with depression.
CD4+ T cells support polyfunctionality of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells with memory potential in immunological control of tumor
Authors: Imai Naoko , Tawara Isao , Yamane Makiko , Muraoka Daisuke , Shiku Hiroshi , Ikeda Hiroaki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPolyfunctionality/multifunctionality of effector T cells at the single cell level has been shown as an important parameter to predict the quality of T cell response and immunological control of infectious disease and malignancy. However, the fate of polyfunctional CD8+ CTLs and the factors that control the polyfunctionality of T cells remain largely unknown. Here we show that the acquisition of polyfunctionality on the initial stimulation is a sensitive immune correlate of CTL survival and memory formation. CD8+ T cells with high polyfunctionality, assessed with γ‐interferon and tumor necrosis factor‐α production and surface mobilization of the degranulation marker CD107a, showed enhanced Bcl‐2 expression, low apoptosis, and increased CD127highKLRG1low memory precursor phenotype. Consistent with these observations, CD8+ T cells were found to acquire high frequency of cells with polyfunctionality when stimulated in conditions known to enhance memory formation, such as the presence of CD4+ T cells, interleukin (IL)‐2, or IL‐21. Utilizing T‐cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse‐derived CD8+ T cells that express a TCR specific for a tumor‐derived neoantigen, we showed that polyfunctional tumor‐specific CTLs generated in the presence of CD4+ T cells showed long persistence in vivo and induced enhanced tumor regression when adoptively transferred into mice with progressing tumor. Acquisition of polyfunctionality thus impacts CTL survival and memory formation associated with immunological control of tumor.
Food security and Canada's agricultural system challenged by COVID‐19
Authors: Deaton B. James , Deaton Brady J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effect of COVID‐19 on Canadian food security is examined from two different perspectives. COVID‐19 creates a unique “income shock” that is expected to increase the prevalence of household food insecurity. This food insecurity can be measured by utilizing the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). More fundamentally, COVID‐19 heightens household concern about the capacity of the Canadian food system to ensure food availability. Despite surges in demand and supply chain disruptions, we currently do not observe broad, rapid appreciation in food prices. This suggests that there is an adequate supply of food for the near term. There is less certainty over intermediate and longer time periods because so many factors are in flux, particularly the rate of increases in sicknesses and deaths across the country and globally. Data on these health factors and elements of the food supply chain are needed to predict beyond a short time frame. In this regard, we discuss three ongoing considerations—ease of capital flows, international exchange, and maintaining transportation—that will help ensure food availability in the longer run.
Climate suitability as a predictor of conservation translocation failure
Authors: Bellis Joe , Bourke David , Maschinski Joyce , Heineman Katie , Dalrymple Sarah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe continuing decline and loss of biodiversity has caused an increase in the use of interventionist conservation tools, such as translocation. However, many translocation attempts fail to establish viable populations, with poor release site selection often flagged as an inhibitor of success. We used species distribution models (SDMs) to predict the climate suitability of 102 release sites for amphibians, reptiles, and terrestrial insects and compared suitability predictions between successful and failed attempts. We then quantified the importance of climate suitability relative to 5 other variables frequently considered in the literature as important determinants of translocation success: number of release years, number of individuals released, life stage released, origin of the source population, and position of the release site relative to the species’ range. Probability of translocation success increased as predicted climate suitability increased and this effect was the strongest among the variables we considered, accounting for 48.3% of the variation in translocation outcome. These findings should encourage greater consideration of climate suitability when selecting release sites for conservation translocations and we advocate the use of SDMs as an effective way to do this.
Perianal fistula and the ileoanal pouch – different aetiologies require distinct evaluation
Authors: Reza L. M. , Lung P. F. C. , Lightner A. L. , Hart A. L. , Clark S. K. , Tozer P. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimRestorative proctocolectomy has been widely adopted as the procedure of choice for restoring gastrointestinal continuity following proctocolectomy. It is often associated with improved quality of life and high patient satisfaction; however, the development of a pouch anal fistula can cause significant morbidity. Pouch fistulas are notoriously difficult to treat and there is great heterogeneity in the management reported of these fistulas. A lack of classification, and the assumption that fistulas originating from completely different aetiologies will behave and respond similarly to a particular treatment strategy, precludes meaningful comparison of management outcomes. We aim to introduce consistency in the reporting of pouch fistulas using a novel classification system.MethodsA consensus process involving clinicians experienced in the management of pouch fistulas from two high volume tertiary centres was performed.ResultsWe propose that pouch anal fistulas should be classified into four distinct groups according to their aetiology: group 1, anastomotic related; group 2, inflammatory bowel disease related, with sub‐classifications Crohn’s (type A) and non‐Crohn’s (type B) in origin; group 3, cryptoglandular related; and group 4, malignancy related.ConclusionClassification of pouch fistulas according to their aetiology will provide consistency in the literature and improve the quality of prospective evidence for the management of pouch fistulas.
Periodontitis lesions in smokers and non‐smokers
Authors: Schmidt Julia C. , Jajjo Elias , Berglundh Tord , Zitzmann Nicola U. 
Published: April 2020

Differences in the progression of periodontitis have been observed between smokers and non‐smokers. The aim of the present study was to compare vascular and inflammatory cell densities in periodontitis lesions from smokers and non‐smokers to gain further understanding of the influence of smoking on histopathological characteristics of the disease. Two groups of patients with generalized severe periodontitis were recruited. One group consisted of 25 current smokers, aged 33–69 yr, while the second group comprised 21 non‐smokers, aged 35–76 yr. From each patient, gingival biopsies were harvested from one periodontitis site (probing pocket depth ≥6 mm and bleeding on probing) and one site without clinical signs of gingival inflammation (reference site). Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess the density of vessels and inflammatory cells. Small differences existed between smokers and non‐smokers regarding the size, proportion, number, and density of cells in periodontitis lesions. However, the vascular density in periodontitis lesions was significantly higher in non‐smokers than in smokers. In clinically healthy reference sites, lesions were considerably smaller than in periodontitis sites and presented with similar vascular densities in smokers and non‐smokers.
Sry‐related high‐mobility‐group/HMG box 10 (SOX10) as a sensitive marker for triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Jamidi Shirley K , Hu Jintao , Aphivatanasiri Chaiwat , Tsang Julia Y , Poon Ivan K , Li Joshua J , Chan Siu‐Ki , Cheung Sai‐Yin , Tse Gary M 
Published: April 2020

AimsConfirmation of a breast origin for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is sometimes problematic. The traditional breast markers GATA‐binding protein 3 (GATA3), mammaglobin (MGB) and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP15) have shown limitations in identifying TNBC. Here, we aimed to examine the diagnostic potential of the newly proposed TNBC marker, Sry‐related high‐mobility‐group/HMG box 10 (SOX10).Methods and resultsWe analysed and compared SOX10 expression with GATA3, MGB and GCDFP15 expression in a test cohort of 1838 invasive breast cancers (IBCs) by using tissue microarrays. The findings from the test cohort were further examined with a validation cohort of 42 TNBCs in whole sections. The overall expression rates of SOX10, GATA3, MGB and GCDFP15 were 6.9%, 83.1%, 47.0%, and 34.8%, respectively. Among the TNBCs within this cohort, the expression rates of SOX10, GATA3, MGB and GCDFP15 were 31.3%, 34.5%, 27.9%, and 25.2%, respectively. SOX10 was strongly associated with TNBC (P < 0.001), whereas all other traditional markers were associated with non‐TNBC (P < 0.001 for all). In addition, SOX10 was more correlated to basal‐like breast cancer (BLBC) (P = 0.001) than five‐marker‐negative subtype among the TNBCs. A high expression rate of SOX10 (81%) was confirmed in the validation cohort. Additionally, SOX10 expression was inversely correlated with GATA3 and GCDFP15 expression, so they may complement each other in TNBC detection. The SOX10–GATA3 combination yielded a sensitivity of 60.3% for TNBC detection in the test cohort.ConclusionSOX10 is a reliable marker for identifying TNBC, and complements GATA3. The SOX10–GATA3 combination may be used as a sensitive TNBC marker.
Adaptation and validation of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale amongst nurses in Turkey
Authors: Samur Menevse , Seren Intepeler Seyda , Lam Simon Ching 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo adapt and psychometrically test the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale for use by Turkish nurses.BackgroundMeasurement of standard precautions compliance is important to manage the safety of both patients and health care teams.MethodsThis two‐phase methodological study employed a correlational design with repeated measures. In phase one, the scale's adaptation, including translation, semantic equivalence, content and face validity, was implemented. In phase two, internal consistency and stability were used to examine the reliability of the scale. Construct validity was tested using the Rasch rating scale model. This study was conducted by recruiting 411 nurses from three different hospitals between September 2015 and September 2016.ResultsAdaptation results showed that the Turkish version of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS‐T) is adequate for linguistic and content validation. The content validity index and comprehensibility of the scale were similarly satisfactory. The reliability of the CSPS‐T was examined by Cronbach's alpha, corrected item‐total correlations and intraclass correlation coefficient, and good results were obtained. The Rasch model showed that all items were compatible with the model. Whereas Item 4 was the most difficult, Item 10 was the easiest.ConclusionThe CSPS‐T is a reliable and valid tool for assessing compliance with standard precautions amongst Turkish nurses.
The role of B cell antigen presentation in the initiation of CD4+ T cell response
Authors: Hua Zhaolin , Hou Baidong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractB cells have been known for their ability to present antigens to T cells for almost 40 years. However, the precise roles of B cell antigen presentation in various immune responses are not completely understood. The term “professional” antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) was proposed to distinguish APCs that are required for initiating the immune responses from those use antigen presentation to enhance their own effector functions. Unlike dendritic cells, which are defined as professional APCs for their well‐established functions in activating naive T cells, B cells have been shown in the past to mostly present antigens to activated CD4+ T cells mainly to seek help from T helper cells. However, recent evidence suggested that B cells can act as professional APCs under infectious conditions or conditions mimicking viral infections. B cell antigen receptors (BCRs) and the innate receptor Toll‐like receptors are activated synergistically in response to pathogens or virus‐like particles, under which conditions B cells are not only potent but also the predominant APCs to turn naive CD4+ T cells into T follicular helper cells. The discovery of B cells as professional APCs to initiate CD4+ T cell response provides a new insight for both autoimmune diseases and vaccine development.
Properties and characterization of alumina platelet reinforced geopolymer composites
Authors: Kutyla Gregory P. , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGeopolymers are porous, amorphous, alkali‐aluminosilicate hydrate materials formed at room temperature via a solution process. Geopolymer based on metakaolin had a relatively homogeneous microstructure that offered consistent behavior but suffered from dehydration cracking and large densification shrinkages when heated. It was found that by reinforcing a metakaolin geopolymer of composition (K2O·Al2O3·4SiO2·11H2O) with 50 µm diameter alumina platelets, dehydration cracking could be prevented, and shrinkage could be reduced by an order of magnitude. Samples were reinforced with 30, 50, and 70 wt% of alumina platelets. Although the properties of the 30 and 50 wt% conditions were better than those of unreinforced geopolymer, those samples still showed warping, cracking, and strength losses on heating. The 70 wt% samples did not warp or crack when heated to temperatures of up to 1500°C. The room‐temperature 4‐point flexural strength of these samples remained at around 20 MPa regardless of heat treatments. The in situ measured flexural strength increased to almost 40 MPa at 600°C, and remained higher than 20 MPa until 1200°C. Samples subjected to propane‐torch thermal shock heating and subsequent quenching did not crack or fragment. Dilatometry, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used for additional characterization. Given these properties, this material showed promise as a castable refractory.
Biogeographical history of golden orbweavers: Chronology of a global conquest
Authors: Turk Eva , Čandek Klemen , Kralj‐Fišer Simona , Kuntner Matjaž 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimA wholistic biogeographical reconstruction should combine a phylogeny with specifics of organismal biology, plate tectonics and consequent probabilities of historic dispersal events. Here, we demonstrate this approach by reconstructing the geographical origin and sequence of intercontinental colonization of the golden orbweaving spiders, a global clade. We test two alternative hypotheses about their ancestral range. Due to the highest contemporary species diversity in Africa, the ‘Out of Africa’ hypothesis predicts the Afrotropics as their most likely ancestral area. The alternative, ‘Out of West Burma’ hypothesis aims to explain a Burmese amber fossil as stem nephilid. Because the West Burma block probably detached from Australia, then rafted towards Laurasia, either on its own or with India, this hypothesis predicts either Australasia or Indomalaya (or both) as the ancestral area.LocationWorldwide.TaxonGolden orbweaving spiders, family Nephilidae.MethodsWe construct an expanded phylogeny of nephilid spiders and apply RASP (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies) to infer their global biogeographical history. We fit the data to six integrated biogeographical models: DEC, DIVALIKE, BAYAREALIKE and their +j variants. We fine‐tune the analysis by evaluating varying probabilities of dispersal between geographical areas throughout the clade's evolutionary history. We use the physical distance between the areas as a proxy for dispersal probabilities, thus accounting for plate tectonics.ResultsThe best supported model reconstructs both Australasia and Indomalaya as ancestral area. In several parts of the phylogeny, these areas persist for the estimated 130‐million‐year evolutionary history. However, numerous intercontinental shifts in nephilid biogeographical history are also inferred. Since nephilid origins are clearly Gondwanan, our study supports the interpretations that Burmese amber contains Gondwanan biota.Main conclusionsThese results are consistent with the Out of West Burma hypothesis but reject the Out of Africa hypothesis. That certain clades persist in their ancestral ranges while others may shift continents aligns well with the known nephilid biology. Our methodological approach that assesses organismal specific dispersal probabilities through concrete distances measured though time slices of the Earth's history can be applied to biogeographical reconstruction of any lineage.