bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large home range scavengers support higher rates of carcass removal
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Cánovas Cayetano , Moleón Marcos , Mateo‐Tomás Patricia , Olea Pedro P. , Sebastián‐González Esther , Sánchez‐Zapata José Antonio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Vertebrate scavenger communities vary in species composition across the globe. They include a wide array of species with diverse ecological strategies and life histories that support essential ecosystem functions, such as carrion removal. While previous studies have mostly focussed on how community aspects such as species richness and composition affect carrion consumption rates, it remains unclear whether this important function of scavengers is better explained by the dominance of key functional traits or niche complementarity as a result of a diverse functional representation.

Here, we test three competitive hypotheses to assess if carrion consumption in vertebrate scavenger communities depends on: (a) the presence of key dominant traits (functional identity hypothesis), (b) functional diversity that promotes niche complementarity (functional diversity hypothesis) or (c) the accumulation of individuals and species, irrespective of their trait representation (functional equivalence). To explore these hypotheses, we used five study areas in Spain and South Africa, which represent a gradient of scavenger biodiversity, that is, ranging from communities dominated by facultative scavengers, such as generalists and meso‐predators, to those including vultures and large carnivores.

Within study areas, traits that characterize obligate scavengers or large carnivores (e.g. mean home range, proportion of social foragers) were positively linked to rapid carrion consumption, while the biomass of functional groups including facultative scavengers were either weakly or negatively associated with carrion consumption.

When combining all study areas, higher rates of carrion consumption were related to scavenger communities dominated by species with large home ranges (e.g. Gyps vultures), which was found to be a key trait. In contrast, metrics describing functional diversity (functional dispersion) and functional equivalence (species richness and abundance) had lower predictive power in explaining carrion consumption patterns.

Our data support the functional identity hypothesis as a better framework for explaining carrion consumption rates than functional diversity or equivalence. Our findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms sustaining ecosystem functioning in vertebrate communities and reinforce the role of obligate scavengers and large carnivores as keystone species in terrestrial ecosystems.
Does the reduction of regional trade policy uncertainty increase Chinese enterprises' outward foreign direct investment? Evidence from the China−ASEAN Free Trade Area
Authors: Sun Lin , Zhou Kexuan , Yu Linhui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRegional trade policy uncertainty is an important factor affecting enterprises' outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). This paper uses the China−ASEAN Free Trade Area as the research object. The research uses the “China Industrial Firm Database” from 2001 to 2013 and the “List of Chinese Overseas Investment Enterprises (Institutions)” to match micro‐enterprise data. Using the difference‐in‐difference (DID) approach to construct quasi‐natural experiments, we study the impact of the reduction in regional trade policy uncertainty on Chinese enterprises' OFID. The results show that the free trade agreement strategy implemented by China has reduced the regional trade policy uncertainty, which has had a significant positive impact on Chinese enterprises' OFDI. The establishment of the China−ASEAN Free Trade Area has significantly increased Chinese enterprises' OFID in ASEAN countries. The study further finds that enterprises of different ownership types, in different regions and of different factor intensities display heterogeneous effects in this process. The empirical results of the paper provide new ideas for promoting OFDI from the standpoint of reducing regional trade policy uncertainty, and also provide a new perspective for explaining the increase in foreign investment in China in recent years.
MiR‐1207‐5p/CX3CR1 axis regulates the progression of osteoarthritis via the modulation of the activity of NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Chen , Xu Liang , Cai Yu‐Li , Zheng Zhi‐Yong , Dai E‐Nuo , Sun Shui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic diseases characterized by formation of osteophytes and degradation of articular cartilage. Previous evidence has identified the regulatory effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) in OA. The goal of this study is to clearly explore the biological function of miR‐1207‐5p in OA.MethodsMiR‐1207‐5p and C‐X3‐C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) expression in OA cartilages were revealed by accessing to Gene Expression Omnibus database. In vitro OA model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Western blot and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were conducted to detect the expression level of genes. Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and flow cytometric experiments were performed to investigate the proliferation and apoptosis capacities of CHON‐001 cells. Bioinformatics analysis was applied to predict the binding site of miR‐1207‐5p and CX3CR1, the connections of which were ascertained using luciferase reporter assay.ResultsMiR‐1207‐5p expression was decreased while CX3CR1 was increased in OA cartilages. Up‐regulation of miR‐1207‐5p alleviated the LPS‐induced damage in the view of cell proliferation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. A target of miR‐1207‐5p CX3CR1, its down‐regulation intensified the impacts of miR‐1207‐5p mimic, promoted proliferation and mitigated apoptosis. LPS exposure increased the protein expression of the phosphorylated IκBα and P65, and this phenomena was reversed due to miR‐1207‐5p up‐regulation and CX3CR1 knockdown. The treatment of Betulinic acid (BA; an activator of nuclear factor‐κB pathway) reversed the miR‐1207‐5p mimic‐induced inhibitory effect on apoptosis in LPS‐treated CHON‐001.ConclusionOur results highlight that miR‐1207‐5p can prevent CHON‐001 from LPS‐stimulated injury, providing a novel biomarker for OA progression and further advancing treatment of OA.
MiR‐1193 represses the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of interleukin‐1β‐treated fibroblast‐like synoviocytes via targeting JAK3
Authors: Liu Bo , Ren Bingqiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the roles of miR‐1193/Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) axis and the potential mechanism in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThe dysregulated genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) were screened using the datasets of GSE12021 and GSE72564, while the upstream miRNA of JAK3 was forecasted by TargetScan. Then the MH7A cells were treated with interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) to induce local inflammation. Double luciferase report assay was used to estimate the association between JAK3 and miR‐1193. Flow cytometry and 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were taken to analyze the apoptosis and proliferation of MH7A cells with IL‐1β‐induced inflammation, respectively. The relative expression of genes and proteins were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Finally, rescue experiments were employed to explore the effects of miR‐1193/JAK3 axis on IL‐1β‐induced inflammation.ResultsJAK3 was notably up‐regulated in RA, and was targeted and negatively regulated by miR‐1193 which was lowly expressed in RA tissues and IL‐1β‐treated cells. MiR‐1193 mimic significantly inhibited while miR‐1193 inhibitor promoted the proliferation of MH7A cells with IL‐1β‐induced inflammation. Furthermore, overexpression of JAK3 presented auxo‐action while depletion of JAK3 exhibited inhibitory effect on the proliferation of MH7A cells with IL‐1β‐induced inflammation, which could be weakened by miR‐1193 mimic and miR‐1193 inhibitor, respectively. Analogously, JAK3 recovered the cell proliferation that inhibited by miR‐1193 mimic and inhibited cell apoptosis enhanced by miR‐1193 mimic.ConclusionUp‐regulation of miR‐1193 suppressed the proliferation and expedited the apoptosis of MH7A cells with IL‐1β‐induced inflammation through targeting JAK3, which might provide novel understanding on the mechanism underlying RA.
Intra‐articular infiltration analgesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yung E. M. , Got T. C. , Patel N. , Brull R. , Abdallah F. W. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryPhrenic‐sparing analgesic techniques for shoulder surgery are desirable. Intra‐articular infiltration analgesia is one promising phrenic‐sparing modality, but its role remains unclear because of conflicting evidence of analgesic efficacy and theoretical concerns regarding chondrotoxicity. This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated the benefits and risks of intra‐articular infiltration in arthroscopic shoulder surgery compared with systemic analgesia or interscalene brachial plexus block. We sought randomised controlled trials comparing intra‐articular infiltration with interscalene brachial plexus block or systemic analgesia (control). Cumulative 24‐h postoperative oral morphine equivalent consumption was designated as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included visual analogue scale pain scores during the first 24 h postoperatively; time‐to‐first analgesic request; patient satisfaction; opioid‐related side‐effects; block‐related adverse events; and any indicators of chondrotoxicity. Fifteen trials (863 patients) were included. Compared with control, intra‐articular infiltration reduced 24‐h postoperative analgesic consumption by a weighted mean difference (95%CI) of −30.9 ([−38.9 to −22.9]; p < 0.001). Intra‐articular infiltration also reduced the weighted mean difference (95%CI) pain scores up to 12 h postoperatively, with the greatest reduction at 4 h (−2.2 cm [(−4.4 to −0.04]); p < 0.05). Compared with interscalene brachial plexus block, there was no difference in opioid consumption, but patients receiving interscalene brachial plexus block had better pain scores at 2, 4 and 24 h postoperatively. There was no difference in opioid‐ or block‐related adverse events, and none of the trials reported chondrotoxic effects. Compared with systemic analgesia, intra‐articular infiltration provides superior pain control, reduces opioid consumption and enhances patient satisfaction, but it may be inferior to interscalene brachial plexus block patients having arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
Selective lysine‐specific demethylase 1 inhibitor, NCL1, could cause testicular toxicity via the regulation of apoptosis
Authors: Nozaki Satoshi , Naiki Taku , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Iwatsuki Shoichiro , Takeda Tomoki , Etani Toshiki , Nagai Takashi , Iida Keitaro , Kato Hiroyuki , Suzuki Takayoshi , Takahashi Satoru , Umemoto Yukihiro , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that epigenetic alterations, such as those involving lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), lead to oncogenic activation and highlight such alterations as therapeutic targets. However, studies evaluating the effect of LSD1 inhibitors on male fertility are lacking.ObjectivesWe analyzed the potential toxicity of a new selective LSD1 inhibitor, N‐[(1S)‐3‐[3‐(trans‐2‐aminocyclopropyl)phenoxy]‐1‐(benzylcarbamoyl)propyl] benzamide (NCL1), in testes.Materials and methodsHuman testicular samples were immunohistochemically analyzed. Six‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with dimethyl sulfoxide vehicle (n = 15), or 1.0 (n = 15) or 3.0 (n = 15) mg/kg NCL1 biweekly. After five weeks, toxicity and gene expression were analyzed in testicular samples by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) using RNA sequence data and quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT)–PCR; hormonal damage was analyzed in blood samples. NCL1 treated GC‐1, TM3, and TM4 cell lines were analyzed by cell viability, chromatin immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry, and Western blot assays.ResultsLSD1 was mainly expressed in human Sertoli and germ cells, with LSD1 levels significantly decreased in a progressive meiosis‐dependent manner; germ cells showed similar expression patterns in normal spermatogenesis and early/late maturation arrest. Histological examination revealed significantly increased levels of abnormal seminiferous tubules in 3.0 mg/kg NCL1–treated mice compared to control, with increased cellular detachment, sloughing, vacuolization, eosinophilic changes, and TUNEL‐positive cells. IPA and qRT–PCR revealed NCL1 treatment down‐regulated LSD1 activity. NCL1 also reduced total serum testosterone levels. Western blots of mouse testicular samples revealed NCL1 induced a marked elevation in cleaved caspases 3, 7, and 8, and connexin 43 proteins. NCL1 treatment significantly reduced GC‐1, but not TM3 and TM4, cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner. In flow cytometry analysis, NCL1 induced apoptosis in GC‐1 cells.ConclusionsHigh‐dose NCL1 treatment targeting LSD1 caused dysfunctional spermatogenesis and induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis. This suggests the LSD1 inhibitor may cause testicular toxicity via the regulation of apoptosis.
The Why, What, How and What if—The method to present your research and clinical cases
Authors: Fickl Stefan , Francisco Helena , Gurzawska‐Comis Katarzyna , Milinkovic Iva , Mühlemann Sven , Sanz Sánchez Ignacio , Torsello Ferruccio , Van de Valde Tommie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring the fourth Summer Camp (SC) held by the European Association of Osseointegration (EAO), 20 junior representatives from various European and non‐European universities and associations were selected to partake in oral presentation and communication skill development.AimsThe aim of the EAO Summer Camp (EAO SC) was to identify new methods of enhancing participants’ abilities to engage, influence and lead in a professional environment, on both a clinical and scientific level.Materials and methodsFour different groups were assigned to discuss one of two topics: (1) an Implant Register and (2) Digital Dentistry. The method that was used during the EAO SC, for training presentation skills, was the 4MAT learning model. The 4MAT learning model is a framework for creating an engaged, dynamic and more involved style of training by accurately visualizing the learning process that each learner goes through.Results and conclusionsAll four groups, including each participant, presented outcomes in the format of 4MAT learning model answering four key questions, the Why, the What, the How and the What if. After the event, each group prepared a written summary of the thought processes. The outcome of the summer camp, for the chosen participants, was gaining skills to engage and influence in a professional environment, both clinically and scientifically. It was also expected from participants to share gained knowledge in their own respective environments after the EAO Summer Camp had ended. In conclusion, most of participants gained a valuable insight into presentation skills and also demonstrated their enthusiasm by presenting their experience at universities, institutes and clinics.
Postoperative complications in dermatological patients undergoing microscopically controlled surgery in inpatient setting (next‐day surgery): A single‐center epidemiological study
Authors: Artamonova Inga , Schmitt Laurenz , Yazdi Amir S. , Megahed Mosaad , von Felbert Verena , Balakirski Galina 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundSurgical site infections (SSI), bleeding, and necrosis are possible complications of dermatological surgery, and their rates are well described for Mohs surgery (same‐day surgery). However, there are only limited data on their occurrence in microscopically controlled surgery of the form in which it is practiced in German hospitals (next‐day surgery).Materials and MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patient records of patients hospitalized for microscopically controlled surgery during the year 2017 (12 months) in the Department of Dermatology and Allergology at the University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen (Aachen, Germany). The investigation addressed postoperative outcomes.Results319 patients underwent 528 dermatosurgical procedures in the defined period. Bleeding and necrosis occurred in 3.8 % (20/528) and 1.7 % (9/528) of the procedures, respectively. SSI occurred in 5.1 % (27/528) of the cases. The occurrence of bleeding was a statistically significant risk factor for SSI (p = 0.01). Furthermore, bleeding, SSI, and wound closure with a full‐thickness graft were statistically significant risk factors for the development of necrosis (p < 0.05). Diabetes or immunosuppression were not found to be statistically significant risk factors for the development of SSI or necrosis after dermatologic surgery (p > 0.05).ConclusionsComplication rates in microscopically controlled surgery (next‐day surgery) are generally low and similar to those reported for Mohs surgery (same‐day surgery). Therefore, it appears that some evidence‐based perioperative recommendations that have been developed for Mohs surgery could be applied to German inpatient dermatosurgery. However, prospective studies with larger patient numbers are required to offer concrete recommendations specifically for microscopically controlled surgery (next‐day surgery).
A comprehensive echocardiographic study of the right ventricular systolic function in pregnant women with inherited thrombophilia
Authors: Trasca Livia Florentina , Poenaru Elena , Patrascu Natalia , Cirstoiu Monica , Vinereanu Dragos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImpact of the gestational changes on cardiac contractility is not clearly defined. Our aim was to evaluate subtle changes of the right ventricular systolic function during pregnancy, assessed by new echocardiographic techniques, in a population tested for inherited thrombophilia. 87 pregnant women, with a mean age of 32 ± 4 years, genetically tested for inherited thrombophilia (22 with high‐risk inherited thrombophilia and 65 control group) were included. All participants had four echocardiographic assessments, three during pregnancy (one in each trimester) and the forth at 6 months after giving birth. The right ventricular (RV) systolic function was assessed by fractional area change, ejection fraction (EF) by 3D echocardiography, tricuspid annular velocity by tissue Doppler, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and strain by speckle tracking. Pulmonary artery pressure was estimated using the pressure gradient between right atrium and RV. Parameters of RV systolic function, at visits 2‐4, had lower values compared with the first visit and were significantly lower in the high‐risk thrombophilia group. Tricuspid regurgitation and pressure gradient between the right atrium and the RV had a significant increase during pregnancy for all subjects. At visit 1, there were no differences between groups, but at the next three visits there were higher values of the gradient in the high‐risk thrombophilia group. High‐risk inherited thrombophilia impacts the RV contractility, with higher pulmonary artery pressure. Further studies are needed to assess long‐term impact on RV of high‐risk inherited thrombophilia.
Genital verruciform xanthoma: lessons from a contemporary multi‐institutional series
Authors: Wang Grace , Mochel Mark C , Randall M Barry , Gandhi Jatin S , Udager Aaron M , Chan May P , Patel Rajiv M , Amin Mahul B , Osunkoya Adeboye O , Smith Steven C 
Published: June 2020

AimsVerruciform xanthoma (VX) is an uncommon lesion, seen in the oral mucosa and rarely occurring at cutaneous genital sites. Reports of exceptional VX presentations dominate the literature; herein, we assess the clinical and histological features of a cohort of routine, consecutive cases.Methods and resultsClinicopathological features of genital VXs from four academic centres were reviewed. A cohort of 25 lesions from 24 patients (22 male, two female; median age = 62 years), occurred on the scrotum (84%), penis (8%) and perineum/vulva (8%). VX was never suspected clinically; considerations ranged from fibroepithelial polyps to squamous cell carcinoma. Classic diagnostic criteria were present at least focally in each lesion, including verrucous architecture, prominent wedge‐shaped parakeratosis extending between exophytic epidermal projections and neutrophils in the stratum corneum. Xanthomatous cells were present in all cases, but scattered to rare in 24%.ConclusionsConsecutive genital VXs reliably exhibited classic histopathological features, although the essential finding of xanthomatous cells may be scarce. Our comparison to meta‐analyses of published cases found relatively fewer penile and vulvar examples. Additionally, the median age was older than in published series, which have emphasised syndromic associations.
The outcome of domiciliary medication reviews and their impact: a systematic review
Authors: McCormick Patricia , Chennells Rebecca , Coleman Bridget , Bates Ian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Medication reviews in the domiciliary setting are becoming more prevalent internationally. Understanding the benefits of these reviews is essential to ensuring quality healthcare services. To date there has not been a systematic evaluation of the outcomes of these services and their impact on patients. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken with a view to understanding the impact of medication reviews in this setting. Controlled and uncontrolled studies were included. Outcomes were categorised according to the ECHO model. A narrative synthesis was developed.

Key findings
Nineteen out of 31 papers included demonstrated an improvement in outcome. Clinical outcomes were the most commonly measured and humanistic outcomes the least commonly measured. Domiciliary medication reviews (DMRs) services are presented as providing benefit. However, it is difficult to quantify the impact of services from the published outcomes.

Summary
Future work should focus on demonstrating the meaningful changes to patients that DMRs have enabled.
“Look, all our hard work is paying off”: A qualitative evaluation of a system‐wide, workforce development model to promote positive behavioural support
Authors: McKenzie Karen , Martin Rachel , Metcalfe Dale , Murray George , McNall Anne , Noone Steve 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPositive behavioural support (PBS) has been identified as a means of improving the quality of life and support of people with an intellectual disability. This qualitative study explored the views of service providers about a regional PBS programme, that was underpinned by a workforce development approach.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with senior staff (n = 42), from organizations which provided services to people with an intellectual disability, about their views about, and perceived impact of, the PBS programme, Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwo themes were identified: “It's what PBS is about, isn't it?” emphasized the importance of the programme being systemic‐ and evidence‐based; “Macro to micro” highlighted the different points in the systems of care at which the programme was seen to impact.ConclusionsWe discuss the results in the context of the study limitations.