bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry and Geotectonic Setting of the Post-orogenic granites at Qala En Nahal-Um Sagata Area, Gedarif State, Sudan
Authors: Hassan M A , Kotelnikov A E , Abdullah E A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The survey area is located about 70 km southeast of Gedarif city, in Gedarif State east of Sudan, within two major lithological associations, representing two different crustal entities; Saharan Metacraton (SMC) in the west and the Arabian Nubian Shield (ANS) to the east. This study aims to investigate the post-orogenic granites at Qala En Nahal-Um Sagata. Geologically, both the petrographic characteristics and rock geochemistry investigation have been conducted in order to determine the tectonic environment and original protolith of these granites rocks. The area is made up of predominantly low-grade volcano-sedimentary rocks, ophiolite complex and belt of high-grade metasediments and gneiss into which voluminous granitic rocks have been emplaced. The post-orogenic granites of Ban-Balos are non foliated, high K calc-alkaline, I-type, post-dating the main collisional event emplacement at shallow levels intrusions.
Signs of Vertically Extending Mineralization in the Nizhnetaezhny Polymetallic Ore District (Northern Primorye)
Authors: Ivin V V , Medvedev E I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this work, to study the vertical extent of mineralization, determine the level of erosion, and identify signs of longitudinal placement of silver mineralization of the Nizhnetaezhny ore district (NOD) For this, the main indicator indicators Ag, Au, Cu, Zn, Pb were identified based on the maximum correlation coefficient, Sn, Sb, As, Mo. Then, the ratios of the linear productivities of the indicator elements for the main ore zones of the Scientific and Technological Logging were made: Kumirnoe - Sb * Ag * As / Cu * Sn, Kabaniy - Sb * As * Ag / Cu * Sn, SredniySukhoy - Sn * Pb * Zn / Au * As, Levoberezhnoe -Sn * Pb * Zn / W * Mo. The obtained geochemical data of changes in the multiplicative coefficients allowed us to identify areas according to their erosion: weakly eroded (Kumirny, SredniySukhoy) and significantly eroded (Kabany, Levoberezhnoe), and then divide them into upper ore, ore and under ore. At all sites (except for the SredniySukhoy), at the level of the conditionally subsided horizon, a tendency of gradual increase in productivity was revealed, which indicates the long-range placement of productive ore zones and makes it possible to suggest the presence of powerful and productive silver zones hidden at depth. The data obtained provide the prerequisites for the revaluation of the prospects of the deep horizons of the NOD silver mineralization.
Arctic Sea Ice Cover Sensitivity Analysis in Global Climate Model
Authors: Parkhomenko V P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Results of numerical of coupled numerical experiments with 3D atmospheric general circulation model, upper layer ocean model and sea ice evolution model are carried out and discussed for Arctic region. Model calculations to analyze sea ice cover evolution are carried out. Calculated sea ice cover distributions for different seasons are presented. Sea ice cover sensitivity analysis to base models parameters, determining atmosphere, ocean and ice interaction, sensible heat flux from sea ice and snow surface, heat flux from ocean to ice is presented. The spatial and seasonal structure of changes has rather complex non-uniform character, there are great areas of opposite changes. It is connected with nonlinear behavior of feedback and interactions in model system including an atmosphere, sea ice and ocean. The author was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. №17-01-00693).
Geological Geomorphological Analysis of the Town of Belgorod
Authors: Zatolokina N M , Kurochkina K A , Lukashova N V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article presents the analysis of the condition and use of the terrain of the town of Belgorod and a geological geomorphological analysis of the town’s territory. The terrain of the Belgorodskaya oblast was studied and analyzed as a whole, the geomorphological regions were listed based on absolute heights and erosive breakdown of the surface in the Belgorodskaya oblast. Environmental and geomorphological research of the terrain in Belgorod helped to identify types of morphosculpture that have been represented in the present article. Problems that arise in the town’s territory because of negative terrain were studied, causes of man-made impact on the town’s territory were represented and erosion forms from the first to the fifth order were identified. Solutions to these problems were also given that were associated with the organization of the urban space in the terrain of the town of Belgorod.
Study of the Features of the Operation of a Dump Truck BelAZ 75131 at the Enterprise of JSC “AGD DIAMONDS” in the Conditions of the Far North
Authors: Toskunin I , Tyagunin A , Lagunov A , Kutinov Yu , Chistova Z 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The circumpolar region has large natural reserves in the bowels. To develop these reserves, the company AGD “DIAMONDS JSC” uses a BelAZ 75131 mining dump truck, but at the same time difficulties arise due to the influence of low negative temperatures on the performance of the equipment. We conducted an analysis, identified the main features of the operation of the dump truck, identified the factors that affect simple machinery, made recommendations on reducing failures associated with the destruction of metal structures, on preparing the engine, undercarriage and brake systems, on equipping the production base, on labor protection and life safety when working on the BelAZ 75131 mining dump truck at low negative temperatures in order to minimize the failures of equipment operating in the Far North.
Computer Science in Environmental Safety Research
Authors: Udartseva O , Nikolsky O 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The today’s state-of-the-art chemical plant protection method is cost-effective. However, the environmental safety of this process is questionable. Aerosol pesticides are not targeted; only 5% to 30% of the sprayed dosage is actually deposited on plants, whereas the rest ends up in the soil. Although high-stability pesticides are no longer in use, low- and medium-stability agents have been recorded to render soil toxic to plants. When spraying, large drops exceeding 200 µm roll down to the soil and contaminate it. Smaller droplets (< 100 µm) are gone with the wind. It is imperative to systematically monitor the process of spraying chemical protective agents from the environmental standpoint. As a tool for monitoring and forecasting, this paper proposes a software package that can monitor the spraying process online. The package comprises a data module, a pesticide spraying test module, and a data visualization/storage module. The proposed system provides real-time monitoring of the spraying process and records the concentration of pesticides, whether plant- or soil-deposited; if necessary, the user can make changes in the agent and toolkit database. Field tests have been carried out using this software to identify the environmentally safest spraying system; it generates droplets sized 120 µm, which is necessary for chemical treatment of crops. Other sprayers involved in the experiment either had a drop size >200 µm, which would quickly reach the soil; or <100 µm, which would be quickly dispersed by the wind. Field test data can be further used to optimize the pesticide spraying process.
An Influence of the Peculiarities of the Concentration Field of Gaseous Fire Extinguishing Substances with High Boiling Point on Their Fire Extinguishing Properties
Authors: Kopylov S N , Kopylov P S , Eltyshev I P , Boroday S P , Rozum L I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Behaviour of fluoroketone CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2 as gaseous fire suppressant in various volumes was studied computationally and experimentally. It was showed that non-uniformity of the concentration field of fire extinguishing agent having high boiling point influences strongly its effectiveness: extinguishing concentration of the fluoroketone rises from 3.5 % vol. in the smallest volume (1 m3) up to 4.5 % vol. in 100 m3. Relatively uniform extinguishing medium was found in 1 m3 only. In bigger volumes a torus-like inhomogeneity with a reduced concentration of fire suppressant in the middle part of the room is formed. To compensate this effect it is necessary to increase the average concentration of the agent. More complex geometry of the experimental premise may cause appearance of long-term existing non-uniformity of extinguishing environment which is difficult to overcome by increasing the average concentration of fire suppressant or by increasing the discharge time. To obtain practically effective test results it is necessary to increase standard test chamber to 100 m3 (or more).
The Establishment of the Hydraulic Structure Optimal Size in the Conditions of Underground Kimberlite Mines
Authors: Ovchinnikov N P , Portnyagina V V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the establishment of the hydraulic structures optimal size in underground kimberlite mines. According to the results of parametric tests, the authors obtained a mathematical formula that allows with a high degree of accuracy to calculate the optimal dimensions of the clarifying tanks and water tanks in terms of settling mine water for the needs of the underground kimberlite mines of the Russian Federation.
The influence of the Subjective Preference Vector of the Transport Service Customer on the Selection of the International Transportation Organization Option
Authors: Kiseleva E V , Permyakova O G , Gavriushkov E N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article suggests using the subjective preference vector method to select transport and logistics options for cargo delivery. The main concept of the subjective preference method is the transition from purely logical or algorithmic methods to heuristic methods. It also includes the decision-maker in the decision logic. The article presents an analysis of the preference method used for decision making facilitation. This method can be used for decision making concerning the selection of the transport and logistics system for cargo delivery, provided that the decision-makers have full and consistent information. The main principles of this method’s application are described.
Simulation and Evaluation of the Efficiency of Oil-contaminated Wastes Recycling System
Authors: Derevyanov M Yu , Pleshivtseva Yu E , Afinogentov A A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of simulation and evaluation of the efficiency of the system for the oil-contaminated wastes (OCW) recycling. The recycling system includes facilities for the OCW storing, technological installations for their processing and all necessary infrastructures that ensure the interconnection of the elements of the system under consideration. The system elements are evaluated using the basic CCR model and Super-efficiency model of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The algorithm has been developed to evaluate the efficiency of the OCW utilization system, which allows one to select the best tech-nologies and storage facilities for the OCW recycling, taking into account their relative estimations with respect to resource value and reuse potential, as well as logistic criterion evaluating trans-portation costs and ecological criterion evaluating environmental safety of recycling processes in the analyzed system.
Modified Bleaching Clay as a Sorption Material
Authors: Lupandina N S , Sapronova Zh A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the process of refining vegetable oils, bleaching clays are often used, which leads to the formation of organic mineral solid waste. In the work, the possibility of neutralizing waste bleaching clay by the thermal method and its subsequent use for sewage treatment from dyes was investigated. As a result of the waste heat treatment, a finely dispersed powder was obtained, on the surface of which there were products of various degrees of carbonization of organic substances. To substantiate the theoretical possibility of using the studied material as an adsorbent, the structure of its structure was studied. The obtained micrographs showed that the particles of the modified material are a loose bulk surface with protrusions, cracks, channels, which indicates a strong defect in their surface and high surface energy of the system as a whole, which is a positive factor for the occurrence of adsorption processes. Studies on model solutions of the dye “methylene blue” allowed us to establish that the optimum temperature for roasting is 350 °C and to achieve a cleaning efficiency of 96%.
Concurrent-Separate Constant Pressure Water Injection Design Optimization Technique Considering the Threshold Pressure Gradient
Authors: Xiaofeng Zhou , Guomin Xu , Jianguang Wei , Jiangtao Li , Talat Ogli Gayubov Abdumalik , Tianqing Lan , Guangwei Hao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A new complex technique for optimizing the design of concurrent-separate constant pressure water injection (CSI), considering the threshold pressure gradient, is proposed. First, the regularity of the each production unit water omnidirectional movement was determined based of the constructed 3D-geological model of the studied field object, and then the critical values of the inefficient water injection into multilayer formations process indicators were calculated based on the obtained data. Second, using an intelligent borehole monitoring and control system, the threshold pressure of water injection into the productive reservoir was determined and CSI special blanks were constructed under constant pressure, taking into account the threshold pressure gradient in injection wells. Third, a procedure has been developed for determining the optimal water injection pressure of each production facility into the productive reservoir during the development of multilayer oil fields. The application of the proposed technique for optimizing the CSI design under constant pressure is by an example of field data from the Daqing oil field of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The calculation results show that the injected under the constant pressure water efficiency factor value increased significantly by 8.6% due to the sensible separation of the volume of water injected into the productive reservoir. The proposed technique may be useful for CSI designing optimization on other oil fields.
Microbiological Enrichment
Authors: Batarshin V , Semiokhin A , Sotnikova P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the modern world, there is a problem of incomplete separation of concentrate from the enriched rock, which leads to losses of precious minerals and high costs at enterprises. This problem is not noticeable in the release of the concentrate of the rock, which is common. However, with the release of rare minerals, for example, such as gallium, cadmium or uranium, it becomes the main. This article will consider the process of enrichment of the rock, the way resorting to the help of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria and allowing to allocate the maximum amount of concentrate.
Land and Informational Approach to the Technological Security of Nuclear Testing Site Economic Use
Authors: Akhmetov B Z , Ustavich G A , Dubrovskiy A V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As of today, nuclear tests are prohibited by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) that was adopted by the 50th session of the UN General Assembly in 1996. However, in the more than 50 years of nuclear testing, more than 2000 nuclear explosions have been carried out on nuclear test sites. Nuclear tests have caused irreversible damage to the local environment, in particular to the nuclear test sites themselves. Most of them have been shut down and have not been used for a long time. Today there have been attempts to use radiation polluted lands for economic purposes. The article explores the practice of topographic and cadastre surveys in the nuclear testing facility at Semipalatinsk. The goal of these measures is a land survey to measure the radioactive pollution and identify possible uses of the land with different degrees of pollution for economic purposes of the residents of the nuclear testing facility and its environs. The article introduces the term “forced land use”, which results from the fact that people inhabit territories that have been previously polluted by radiation. The developed land and information approach proposes to divide the area into zones depending on the degree of radiation pollution and possible types of economic activities. Land survey involves a land mapping that shows the registered amounts of radionuclide. Methods of geoinformation analysis and secondary radiactive contamination distribution simulation are employed to conduct the land survey and establish possible economic uses.
Combined Torque Converter for Mining Machines
Authors: Trushin N , Antsev A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Transmissions of many technological and transport machines for mining enterprises are equipped with hydro-mechanical transmissions (HMT) with torque converters. HMTs have a number of positive properties. But a significant drawback of traditional automotive single-stage (single-turbine) torque converters is their relatively narrow torque ratio, which most often makes 2 or 3. Multi-stage torque converters in which two or three turbines are simultaneously connected to the output shaft demonstrate higher converting properties. The toque ratio of multi-stage hydraulic torque converters makes 4-6 or more. The drop in the efficiency in the range of large ratios and the lack of hydraulic coupling mode is one of the disadvantages of multistage torque converters. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the design of a combined torque converter is proposed. It combines modes of operation with one and two active turbines, as well as modes of hydraulic coupling and blocking. The main turbine of a combined torque converter is of the centrifugal type. The combination of single-stage and two-stage operation modes is achieved through the use of a composite pump wheel, one part of which can be used as a second centrifugal turbine. Two clutches are provided to control the torque converter.
Patterns and Features of the Formation of New Oil and Gas Provinces in the Russian Arctic (on the Example of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug)
Authors: Pilyasov A N , Tsukerman V A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of the development of the Strategy for socioeconomic development of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug until 2030, in which the authors took part. The fundamental difference between the latest oil industry development of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Soviet model is substantiated, and the proximity of the development algorithms, schemes and actors with foreign analogues of the NAO is substantiated. The most important result of the transition to a new corporate-state development scheme was the new, more economical, transport logistics of cargo delivery and oil export; the transition from a stationary scheme to a rotational method of organizing work and, at the same time, wasteful duplication of infrastructure efforts by each large company. The conclusion is made on the fundamental role of innovation, including in the field of telecommunications, for the success of the new development model of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Basic Simulation Models of Car Failure Flows
Authors: Zakharov N S , Makarova A N , Buzin V A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the article, the issue of modelling of a maintenance requirement flow and car failure flow is considered. Two modelling approaches are mentioned: the use of the “blackbox” principle without taking into account the regularities of the system elements interaction, and the approach providing modelling not only the interaction of the system with its environment, but also the system structure. Reasonability of the simulation model use to solve the considered issue is proved. A classification of car failure flow models is offered. Algorithms of the basic simulation models of car failure flows are described.
The Assessment of the Influence of the Hydrogeological Regime of Rivers on the Conditions of the Decentralized Water Supply in Karst Areas
Authors: Romanov R V , Kuzichkin O R , Dorofeev N V , Grecheneva A V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article shows that the level of river flow has a significant impact on the development of destructive karst-suffusion processes. Karst water exchange systems have a high natural and anthropogenic vulnerability of groundwater resources and low ability to self-purify. The water quality of decentralized water supply sources largely depends on the presence of active karst processes. The studies were conducted in the territory of the village of Chud Navashinsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region, subject to karst-suffusion processes. The hydrogeological characteristic of the study area is determined; the generalized characteristics of the seasonal fluctuations of the river flow are calculated. The development of karst processes in the study area is assessed. It has been determined that during the year, the period of spring flood on the Oka River has the greatest impact on landfall formation. It has been established that unauthorized dumps of municipal solid waste located in the karst zones of the Chud village affect the chemical composition and increase the total salinity of groundwater used for decentralized water supply. The results can be used to improve the regional model for assessing the resources of vulnerability and protection of groundwater and predicting the activation of destructive karst processes in the karst zone of the Oka River basin, Nizhny Novgorod Region.
A Test Method for Individual Control of the Engine’s Ecological Parameters
Authors: Gritsenko A V , Shepelev V D , Moor A D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An analysis of the state-of-the-art has shown that the dominating number of failures falls at internal combustion engines (ICEs): the ignition system - 15-25%, the power system -30-44%, the exhaust system - 10-15%. It follows from the analysis of modern ICE configurations that the most applicable ICE control method is a selective control method with a subsequent individual adjustment for the current technical condition. The combination of a gas analyzer installed individually in each collector, a motor tester and a test mode former with the function of ensuring test modes allows us to identify failures of the three systems with a high accuracy and to assign an individual corrective action to ensure the specified ecological and economic parameters. A small percentage of throttle opening reliably reflects the information on the mechanical and electrical parts of the injector, matching of the mixture formation and the combustion process at minimal toxicity. In case of a large percentage of throttle opening, the data on the injector section, operation of the ignition system on a rich mixture and significant outlet resistance is informatively reflected.