bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Versatile Glycosyl Sulfonates in β‐Selective C‐Glycosylation
Authors: Ling Jesse , Bennett Clay S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractC‐Glycosides are both a common motif in many bioactive natural products and important glycoside mimetics. We demonstrate that activating a hemiacetal with a sulfonyl chloride, followed by treating the resultant glycosyl sulfonate with an enolate results in the stereospecific construction of β‐linked C‐glycosides. This reaction tolerates a range of acceptors and donors, including disaccharides. The resulting products can be readily derivatized into C‐glycoside analogues of β‐glycoconjugates, including C‐disaccharide mimetics.
Synthesis of KIT‐5 decorated by Bi2S3‐Fe3O4 photocatalyst for degradation of parathion pesticide in aqueous media: Offering a degradation model and optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Adabavazeh Hanie , Saljooqi Asma , Shamspur Tayebeh , Mostafavi Ali 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this research, a novel KIT‐5/Bi2S3‐Fe3O4 nanocomposite was prepared. The structure and morphology properties of the nanocomposite were well characterized by XRD, FESEM‐EDS‐mapping, TEM, and N2 adsorption–desorption. Benefiting from the visible light, the as‐prepared KIT‐5/Bi2S3‐Fe3O4 nanocomposite exhibit significantly improved photocatalytic performance for the degradation of parathion. The optimum photocatalytic efficiency of KIT‐5/Bi2S3‐Fe3O4 nanocomposite was investigated with the central composite design using Design Expert software. The four critical variables affecting parathion degradation such as the concentration of parathion, pH, irradiation time, and amount of KIT‐5/Bi2S3‐Fe3O4 nanocatalyst. A polynomial function corresponding to degradation percent was obtained for the experimental data. The results showed that this catalyst has a good performance for the degradation of parathion.
Optimized production of poly (γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA) using Bacillus licheniformis and its application as cryoprotectant for probiotics
Authors: Xavier Janifer Raj , Madhan Kumarr Mrithula Mahalakshmi , Natarajan Gopalan , Ramana Karna Venkata , Semwal Anil Dutt 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBacteria produce poly (γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA), a polymer of l‐ or d‐glutamic acid, as a defense response and have gained importance due to their applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. In the present investigation, production of γ‐PGA using cost‐effective carbon substrate, characterization of the produced polymer, and its application as cryoprotectant for selected freeze‐dried probiotic bacteria were investigated. Central composite rotatable design of response surface methodology was used to study the main and the interactive effects of medium components: rice bran and casein peptone concentration. Rice bran at 35% (w/v) and casein peptone at 7.5% (w/v) were found to be optimal at an initial pH of 7.5, and incubation temperature of 37°C for 48 H produced 8.2 g/L γ‐PGA on dry weight basis. The thermal properties such as melting temperature, heat of fusion, and thermal stability were also studied. Ten percent (w/v) of γ‐PGA with 10 percent of sodium alginate (w/v) protected viability of Bifidiobacterium bifidum NCDC 235 and B. adolescentis NCDC 236 during freeze drying at –80 ˚C for 48 H. The γ‐PGA synthesized by the reported bacterium with GRAS status is suitable for food and biomedical applications.
Impact of consumers' corporate social responsibility‐related activities in social media on brand attitude, electronic word‐of‐mouth intention, and purchase intention: A study of Chinese consumer behavior
Authors: Chu Shu‐Chuan , Chen Hsuan‐Ting 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study examines how consumers' corporate social responsibility (CSR)‐related activities in social media affect their responses to brands. We defined consumers' CSR‐related activities in social media as the extent to which consumers use social media to engage in CSR communication by companies. An online survey was conducted to examine social media users in China, the largest consumer market in today's global economies. This study developed a theoretical model and empirically tested the relationships between consumers' CSR‐related activities in social media, identification with the brand, and three consumer behavior outcomes: electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM) intention, brand attitude, and purchase intention. The results suggested that consumers' CSR‐related activities in social media significantly impacted eWOM intention and purchase intention through enhancing identification with the brand and positive brand attitude. This study provides important insights on consumer behavior and CSR by investigating social media, an important and emerging marketing platform. Moreover, this study fills in the research gap about the association between consumers' CSR‐related activities in social media and their responses to brands. Theoretical and managerial implications for CSR strategies in social media are discussed.
miR‐181a/b‐5p regulates human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis by targeting PDGFRA
Authors: Sun Tingting , Yin Linan , Kuang Hongyu 
Published: December 2019

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing burden in low‐and middle‐income countries. Changing lifestyles and lack of physical activity are some of the reasons contributing to this epidemic increase. Co‐morbidities associated with T2DM are largely due to the complications which arise as a consequence of endothelial dysfunction. Platelet derived growth factor‐alpha (PDGFRA) is a protein responsible for cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration and invasion. Increased levels of PDGFRA have been reported in T2DM. This study assessed the epigenetic regulation of PDGFRA through microRNAs (miR‐181a/b‐5p).Using a bioinformatics‐based approach, we assessed the binding of miR‐181a/b‐5p to PDGFRA. Experimentally, this binding was confirmed using a dual luciferase reporter assay. Further, we overexpressed miR‐181a/b‐5p in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the influence of over‐expression on cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis was assessed using in‐vitro approaches. The influence of miR‐181a/b‐5p over expression on cellular apoptosis was ascertained using a TUNEL assay with concomitant changes being observed in the levels of Bcl‐2 and cleaved Caspase‐3.In HUVECs, PDGFRA is a direct target for miR‐181a/b‐5p. Over expression of miR‐181a/b‐5p decreased cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation—a surrogate marker for angiogenesis. miR‐181a/b‐5p may be used as a therapeutic intervention to restrict uncontrolled levels of PDGFRA and thereby rescue the phenotypes of increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation. miR‐181a/b negatively regulates PDGFRA levels.Significance of the study: T2DM and its associated complications emerge from endothelial dysfunction. The associated phenotypes are regulated by a number of proteins, one such member being, PDGFRA. PDGFRA is in turn regulated by miR‐181a/b‐5p. Complementation with miR‐181a/b‐5p resulted in reversion of phenotypes. Thus, miR‐181a/b‐5p‐mediated suppression of PDGFRA may be used as a therapeutic intervention in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Scalable reinforcement learning on Cray XC
Authors: Kommaraju Ananda V. , Maschhoff Kristyn J. , Ringenburg Michael F. , Robbins Benjamin 
Published: December 2019

SummaryRecent advancements in deep learning have made reinforcement learning (RL) applicable to a much broader range of decision making problems. However, the emergence of reinforcement learning workloads brings multiple challenges to system resource management. RL applications continuously train a deep learning or a machine learning model while interacting with uncertain simulation models. This new generation of AI applications impose significant demands on system resources such as memory, storage, network, and compute. In this paper, we describe a typical RL application workflow and introduce the Ray distributed execution framework developed at the UC Berkeley RISELab. Ray includes the RLlib library for executing distributed reinforcement learning applications. We describe a recipe for deploying the Ray execution framework on Cray XC systems and demonstrate scaling of RLlib algorithms across multiple nodes of the system. We also explore performance characteristics across multiple CPU and GPU node types.
Comparing effects of detached mindfulness and cognitive restructuring in obsessive‐compulsive disorder using ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Rupp Christian , Gühne Daniela , Falke Charlotte , Doebler Philipp , Andor Fabian , Buhlmann Ulrike 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEcological momentary assessment (EMA) has been shown to be a valid and sensitive measure of treatment effects in obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). As part of a clinical trial, this EMA study deals with a comparison of two treatment conditions, that is, cognitive restructuring (CR) and detached mindfulness (DM). EMA data fromn= 39 OCD patients were available from a randomized clinical trial on the effectiveness of CR and DM. Smartphone‐based EMA sampling spread over 4 days each before and after treatment, with 10 random prompts per day and a 2‐week intervention of either CR or DM. We tracked CR strategies (e.g., questioning an appraisal by re‐evaluating risk), DM strategies (e.g., allowing one's thoughts to come and go), and application of newly learned strategies during Post‐Treatment EMA. Although there was a trend towards DM strategies being applied more often during Pre‐Treatment EMA than CR strategies, we did not find differences during Post‐Treatment EMA between CR and DM regarding frequency or difficulty of application and experienced relief. As expected, we found a clear pre‐post increase for all CR and DM behaviours except for one DM item. However, we did not find a treatment‐specific increase of CR and DM behaviours; that is, both interventions equally well promoted a seemingly general treatment effect. Despite the ecological validity of EMA, however, social desirability effects cannot be ruled out, so that this conclusion must be handled cautiously. Further research is needed to replicate and generalize our results.
Tabular electrical conductivity for aluminium
Authors: Starrett Charles E. , Perriot Romain , Shaffer Nathaniel R. , Nelson Tammie , Collins Lee A. , Ticknor Chris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new Sesame‐type table for the electrical conductivity of aluminium is described. The table is based on density functional theory calculations and ranges from 10−3 to 1 times solid density (2.7 g/cm3), and from 10−2 to 103 eV in temperature. The table is compared with other those of simulations and to experiments and is generally in good agreement. The high‐temperature, classical limit of the conductivity is recovered for the highest temperatures and lowest densities. The table is critically evaluated, and directions for improvements are discussed.
First Monte‐Carlo modelling of global beryllium migration in ITER using ERO2.0
Authors: Romazanov Juri , Brezinsek Sebastijan , Kirschner Andreas , Borodin Dmitriy , Eksaeva Alina , Pitts Richard A. , Lisgo Steven W. , Anand Himank , Veshchev Evgeny , Neverov Vlad S. , Kukushkin Alexander B. , Alekseev Andrey G. , Linsmeier Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractERO2.0 is a recently developed Monte‐Carlo code for modelling global erosion and redeposition in fusion devices. We report here on the code's application to ITER for studying the erosion of the beryllium (Be) first wall armour under burning plasma steady state diverted conditions. An important goal of the study is to provide synthetic signals for the design of two key diagnostics: the main chamber visible spectroscopy and the laser in‐vessel viewing systems. The simulations are performed using toroidally symmetric plasma backgrounds obtained by combining SOLPS simulations extended to the wall using the OSM‐EIRENE‐DIVIMP edge code package. These are then further combined with a shadowing model using magnetic field line tracing to provide a three‐dimensional correction for the flux patterns. The resulting plasma wetted area, which amounts to ∼10% of the total first wall area, is in excellent agreement with shadowing calculations obtained with the SMITER field line tracing code. The simulations reveal that the main Be erosion zones are located in regions intersected by the secondary separatrix, in particular the upper Be panels, which are close to the secondary X‐point. For the particular high‐density Q = 10 background plasma case studied here, ∼80% of the eroded Be is found to re‐deposit on main chamber surfaces. The rest migrates in almost equal parts to the inner and outer divertor and is deposited close to the strike lines.
Chronicle of an unintentional MDMA intoxication of a field hockey team to prevent its qualification for the Beijing 2008 Olympics: A case report
Authors: Baltazar‐Martins Gabriel , del Mar Plata Maria , Muñoz‐Guerra Jesús , Argaya Javier , Del Coso Juan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCurrent doping trends overshadow the traditional interpretation of using prohibited performance‐enhancing drugs to improve training and/or sports results. Its definition has evolved due to several recent cases of unconventional manipulation in sports. In this article, we present a case study of an intentional intoxication against the Spanish National Field Hockey team that resulted in its ineligibility for the 2008 Summer Olympics. The events occurred during the pre‐qualifying Olympic tournament held in Azerbaijan. The Spanish team won the final match of the tournament against the hosting team and gained qualification for the Olympic Games. One month later, the International Hockey Federation (IHF) reported that two players of the Spanish National Hockey Team had tested positive for MDMA and would subsequently disqualify the Spanish National team from the tournament. The Spanish Hockey Federation then started an appeal process to demonstrate (1) contamination through team's hotel air ventilation and (2) tampering of a urine sample. This process ended with the IHF's final ruling that overturned the sanctions imposed on the Spanish National Team. This manuscript not only outlines a deliberate case to exclude a team from the Olympic Games, but also a federation's difficult efforts to prove an intentional intoxication that resulted in adverse findings.
A new primer for metabarcoding of spider gut contents
Authors: Lafage Denis , Elbrecht Vasco , Cuff Jordan P. , Steinke Dirk , Hambäck Peter A. , Erlandsson Ann 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs a key predator group, spiders have received a lot of attention by food web ecologists. The difficulty involved in studying their diet has led to the use of new technologies such as metabarcoding of gut contents. The amplification of a broad range of spider prey without amplifying spiders themselves is challenging. Until now, an efficient universal primer for this purpose was not available. We developed a novel forward primer (NoSpi2) targeting the COI gene. The primer was designed not to amplify spiders ofPardosagenus while amplifying most other invertebrates. NoSpi2 was tested together with the reverse primer BR2 in silico, in vitro on single specimens of prey and spiders, on mock and malaise trap communities, and in an ecological application. In silico evaluation predicted high primer bias forPardosaspecies and more generally for spiders of the oval calamistrum clade (Lycosidae and closely related species) and low bias for other invertebrates. These results were confirmed by in vitro tests. Additionally, some spider families were not amplified contrary to our expectations. We demonstrated a high efficiency for the primer pair NoSpi2/BR2 which recovered 94% of taxa in the mock community and 85% of the taxa detected by the best invertebrate primer pair known for the malaise trap community. The field experiment showed that Lycosidae (Hygrolycosa,Pardosa,Piratula,Trochosa) DNA is not amplified by NoSpi2/BR2. It demonstrated a broad range of detectable prey species (12 orders, 67 families, 117 species). The ability of NoSpi2/BR2 primer to reliably amplify prey species, without amplifying any predator DNA, makes it an ideal choice for gut content analysis for lycosid species and related species, even enabling the homogenization of entire specimens without dissection. Given that the detected prey species included other spiders and carabid beetles, this primer could be also used to study intraguild predation.
Discriminating sarcopenia in overweight/obese male patients with heart failure: the influence of body mass index
Authors: Fonseca G.W.P.D. , dos Santos Marcelo Rodrigues , de Souza Francis Ribeiro , Takayama Liliam , Rodrigues Pereira Rosa Maria , Negrão Carlos Eduardo , Alves Maria‐Janieire de Nazaré Nunes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsThe definition of sarcopenia based on appendicular lean mass/height (2) (ALM/height (2)) is often used, although it can underestimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in overweight/obese patients with heart failure. Therefore, new methods have been proposed to overcome this limitation. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia by three methods and compare body composition in this population.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 168 male patients with heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction <40%). Sixty‐six patients (39.3%) were identified with sarcopenia by at least one method. The lower 20th percentile defined as the cut‐off point for sarcopenia was 7.03 kg/m2, −2.32 and 0.76 for Baumgartner's (20.8%), Newman's (21.4%), and Studenski's methods (21.4%), respectively. Patients with body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2 were more likely to be identified by Baumgartner's than Studenski's method (P < 0.001). However, in patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, Studenski's and Newman's methods were more likely to detect sarcopenia than Baumgartner's method (both P < 0.005). Patients were further divided into three subgroups: (i) patients classified in all indexes (n = 8), (ii) patients classified in Baumgartner's (sarcopenic; n = 27), and (iii) patients classified in both Newman's and Studenski's methods (sarcopenic obesity; n = 31). Comparing body composition among groups, all sarcopenic groups presented lower total lean mass compared with non‐sarcopenic patients, whereas sarcopenic obese patients had higher total lean mass than lean sarcopenic patients.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the prevalence of sarcopenia in overweight/obese patients is similar to lean sarcopenic patients when other methods are considered. In patients with higher BMI, Studenski's method seems to be more feasible to detect sarcopenia.
Comprehensive analysis of volatile compounds in cold‐pressed safflower seed oil from Xinjiang, China
Authors: Wang Lin , Chen Zhuo , Han Bo , Wu Wenxia , Zhao Qiaoling , Wei Changqing , Liu Wenyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThree varieties of safflower seed oil (SSO) from Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China, were analyzed by headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS) to reveal volatile components. Overall, 67 volatile components were determined and four compounds including isoamyl alcohol, caproic acid, n‐pentanal, and heptanal were newly identified in SSO as aroma‐active components. Meanwhile, 16 compounds were selected by relative odor activity value (ROAV) to evaluate contributions of single compounds to the overall odor (ROAV > 1), in which nonanal, (Z)‐6‐nonenal, and (E)‐2,4‐decadienal were the top three contributed substances (ROAV > 70). The sensory panel was described as eight definition terms (grassy, fruity, almond, mushroom, fatty, sweet, paddy, and overall fragrance). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a significant separation of three cultivars with the first principal component (PC‐1) and the second principal component (PC‐2) expressing 73.9% and 23.1%, respectively. Both PCA and ROAV allowed identifying the compounds positively correlated to sensory evaluation.
Human Antigen R (HuR): A Regulator of Heme Oxygenase‐1 Cytoprotection in Mouse and Human Liver Transplant Injury
Authors: Dery Kenneth J. , Nakamura Kojiro , Kadono Kentaro , Hirao Hirofumi , Kageyama Shoichi , Ito Takahiro , Kojima Hidenobu , Kaldas Fady M. , Busuttil Ronald W. , Kupiec‐Weglinski Jerzy W. 
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims
Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) represents a risk factor in liver transplantation (LT). We have shown that overexpression of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) mitigates hepatic IRI in LT recipients. Here, we hypothesized that human antigen R (HuR), the stabilizer of adenylate‐uridylate (AU)‐rich mRNAs, is required for hepatoprotection in LT.

Approach and Results
In an experimental arm, HuR/HO‐1 protein expression was correlated with hepatic IRI phenotype. In an in vitro inflammation mimic model of hepatic warm IRI, induction of HuR/HO‐1 and cytoplasmic localization following cytokine preconditioning were detected in primary hepatocyte cultures, whereas HuR silencing caused negative regulation of HO‐1, followed by enhanced cytotoxicity. Using the HuR‐inhibitor, we showed that HuR likely regulates HO‐1 through its 3′ untranslated region and causes neutrophil activation (CD69+/lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G [Ly6‐G]). HuR silencing in bone marrow–derived macrophages decreased HO‐1 expression, leading to the induction of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. RNA sequencing of HuR silenced transcripts under in vitro warm IRI revealed regulation of genes thymus cell antigen 1 (THY1), aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1), and Prostaglandin E Synthase (PTGES). HuR, but not hypoxia‐inducible protein alpha, positively regulated HO‐1 in warm, but not cold, hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions. HuR modulated HO‐1 in primary hepatocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages under reperfusion. Adjunctive inhibition of HuR diminished microtubule‐associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B), a marker for autophagosome, under HO‐1 regulation, suggesting a cytoprotective mechanism in hepatic IR. In a clinical arm, hepatic biopsies from 51 patients with LT were analyzed at 2 hours after reperfusion. Graft HuR expression was negatively correlated with macrophage (CD80/CD86) and neutrophil (Cathepsin G) markers. Hepatic IRI increased HuR/HO‐1 expression and inflammatory genes. High HuR–expressing liver grafts showed lower serum alanine aminotransferase/serum aspartate aminotransferase levels and improved LT survival.

Conclusions
This translational study identifies HuR as a regulator of HO‐1–mediated cytoprotection in sterile liver inflammation and a biomarker of ischemic stress resistance in LT.