bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics modeling of baking of chhana podo (milk cake)
Authors: Salish Karthik , Pushpadass Heartwin A. , Franklin Magdaline Eljeeva Emerald , Mitra Hrishikesh , Muniandy Sivaram , Ghosh Bikash C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling was used to study the air velocity distribution and analyze the unsteady heat transfer and temperature distribution pattern during baking of chhana podo (milk cake). At first, a 3‐D geometry of the baking oven was created, and discrete ordinates (DO) radiation model was employed to predict the distribution of temperature. The data on progressive changes in thermal properties of chhana podo dough during baking were fed into the CFD model. The DO model was found to be adequate to predict the distribution of temperature in the product, with root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.122 and mean percent relative deviation modulus (%P) of 0.70. Similarly, the DO model was found to be adequate to predict the air temperature distribution in the oven, with RMSE of 1.842 and %P of 1.61. The distribution of air velocity inside the oven was predicted using k‐ω turbulence model. The air velocity near the oven door was 0.505 m/s, whereas it was 5.002 m/s near the fan. Simulation results provided some insights on the effect of spatial location on air velocity. The placement of chhana podo inside the oven was optimized based on this simulation. This CFD simulation has potential application in the design of ovens with enhanced heat transfer and thermal efficiency.Practical ApplicationsThe present work models the heat transfer during baking of chhana podo. Even though a lot of research works related to CFD to products such as bread are available, many studies have not comprehensively considered temperature distribution in the oven, air velocity distribution and heat transfer in the product. The thermo‐physical properties of the product were modeled with respect to temperature and given as inputs into the CFD model. The CFD simulation of air velocity distribution inside the baking chamber will be useful in optimizing the placement of product or dough for uniform baking. The air velocity and heat transfer simulations quantified the diffusion of heat inside the product. This CFD simulation study could be useful in optimization and design of baking ovens for various products. Also, simulation of the baking conditions of a product could be advantageous from the economic perspective.
Cognition and Political Ideology in Aging
Authors: Fisher Mark , Phoenix Davin , Powell Sierra , Mousa Myrna , Rosenberg Shawn , Greenia Dana , Corrada Maria M. , Kawas Claudia , Paganini‐Hill Annlia 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThe impact of cognitive function and decline on political ideology is unknown. We studied the relationship between cognition and both political orientation and political policy choices in a population of older persons.DesignLongitudinal investigation.SettingA retirement community and its surroundings in Southern California.Participants151 members of a longitudinal investigation of aging and dementia in the oldest‐old (the 90+ Study), mean age 95 years.MeasurementsParticipants self‐reported their political ideology (7‐point scale from extremely liberal to extremely conservative) and policy preferences for federal spending on public schooling, aid to the poor, and protecting the environment, as well as on preferences on immigration rates, death penalty, and university admission. The same political survey was mailed to participants twice: at time one and 6‐months later. Cognitive function based on neurological examination and cognitive testing was classified as normal (55%), cognitive impairment/not dementia (CIND) (33%), or dementia (12%). We calculated rank correlations between ideology and policy choices, stratified by cognitive status, and agreement between Surveys 1 and 2.RESULTSPolitical ideology/orientation was highly consistent over a six‐month period (84% agreement) among the 122 who returned the second survey, with no significant relationship to cognitive status. Among cognitively impaired (CIND and dementia), however, there was significant loss of consistency between an individual's political orientation and their policy choices. Level of political engagement was high for participants, with more than 90% voting in the 2016 presidential election.ConclusionIn this population of older persons, political identification on the liberal‐conservative spectrum was resilient despite cognitive decline, but its meaning and function were changed. For the cognitively impaired it remained a self‐defining label, but no longer operated as a higher order framework for orienting specific policy preferences. There appeared to be loss of coherence between the political orientation and political policy choices of cognitively impaired individuals. Given the high level of political engagement of these individuals, these results have substantial public policy implications.
Administration of skin care regimens containing β‐glucan for skin recovery after fractional laser therapy: A split‐face, double‐blinded, vehicle‐controlled study
Authors: Cao Yajing , Wang Peiru , Zhang Guolong , Hu Chan , Zhang Haiyan , Wang Xiuli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundLaser therapies have brought dawn to refractory skin diseases, but also were accompanied by postlaser inflammation and skin barrier dysfunction. To recover skin function quickly, the research and development of active ingredients including β‐glucan for postlaser repair have attracted much attention.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of skin care regimens containing β‐glucan (Dermdoc®;Songyang Biotech) in repairing postlaser inflammation and skin barrier dysfunction after fractional laser therapy.MethodsA total of 20 patients with facial atrophic acne scars who accepted fractional laser therapy were recruited: 10 patients treated with ablative fractional CO2 laser and 10 patients treated with 1565nm nonablative fractional laser. Using the method of split‐face vehicle‐control study, the left half of the face was served as the treatment side and accepted skin care regimens, and the right half was control side accepted vehicle. Noninvasive bioinstrumentation of skin hydration index, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and hemoglobin index (E value) was detected in the study. Standard digital photographs were taken at each visit. The skin tolerance and adverse effect were also evaluated by subject questionnaire.ResultsCompared with the control side, the Hemoglobin index (E value) of the treatment side was improved more significantly on the 7th day (P < .05). The skin hydration index of the treatment side was better than that of the control side on the 7th and 14th day (P < .05). After treatment, the TEWL of the treatment side on the 7th day was statistically significantly lower than that of the control side (P < .05). In the subject self‐assessment questionnaires, 63.2% thought the repair effect of β‐glucan regimens was better than that of vehicle. The skin care regimens were well tolerated without obvious side reactions.ConclusionThe skin care regimens containing β‐glucan may play a positive role in accelerating the recovery of skin inflammation and barrier function after fractional laser therapy.
Topical β‐blockers for pyogenic granulomas: A promising option for younger patients
Authors: El‐Taweel Abd El‐Aziz Ibrahim , Al‐Refaie Abdul‐Aziz Abdul‐Salam Ahmed , Salem Khalid Hamdy Awad , Salem Rehab Mohammed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTopical β‐blockers, propranolol, and timolol were used for pyogenic granuloma (PG) treatment; however, their efficacies and safety profiles were not compared.AimsThe aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of propranolol 1% and timolol 0.5% creams in the treatment of pyogenic granulomas.PatientsThe study included 30 PG patients. They were divided into three groups (10 patients each). Group I patients received propranolol 1% cream. Group II patients used timolol 0.5% l cream. Group III patients used placebo cream. Creams were applied twice daily for 2 months. Patients were followed up for 3 months to detect any recurrence.ResultsComplete resolution was reported in 6 patients of groups I and II, while none of the control patients reported complete resolution. Despite the absent change in lesions' size in 40% of β‐blockers treated groups, they all reported decreased bleeding tendency. There was insignificant difference between the clinical responses between β‐blockers groups. No recurrence was reported in any of the patients who achieved complete resolution after 3 months of follow‐up. Younger patients respond better to β‐blockers. Three patients were deteriorated on beta‐blockers treatment.Conclusionβ‐blockers are a promising PG treatment option in cases where invasive modalities are not desirable especially in younger patients.
New tuberculosis vaccines: advances in clinical development and modelling
Authors: Weerasuriya C. K. , Clark R. A. , White R. G. , Harris R. C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTuberculosis remains a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with 10 million cases and 1.5 million deaths in 2018. Achieving ‘End TB’ prevention and care goals by 2035 will likely require a new tuberculosis vaccine. The tuberculosis vaccine development pipeline has seen encouraging progress; however, questions around their population impact and implementation remain. Mathematical modelling investigates these questions to inform vaccine development and deployment strategies. We provide an update on the current vaccine development pipeline, and a systematic literature review of mathematical modelling of the epidemiological impact of new tuberculosis vaccines. Fourteen prophylactic tuberculosis vaccine candidates are currently in clinical trials. Two candidates have shown promise in phase II proof‐of‐concept efficacy trials: M72/AS01E demonstrated 49.7% (95% CI; 2.1, 74.2) protection against tuberculosis disease, and BCG revaccination demonstrated 45.4% (95% CI; 6.4, 68.1) protection against sustained Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Since the last modelling review, new studies have investigated the epidemiological impact of differential vaccine characteristics, age targeting and spatial/risk group targeting. Critical research priorities for M72/AS01E include completing the currently in‐design trial, powered to improve the precision of efficacy estimates, include uninfected populations and further assess safety and immunogenicity in HIV‐infected people. For BCG revaccination, the priority is completing the ongoing confirmation of efficacy trial. Critical modelling gaps remain on the full value proposition of vaccines, comparisons with other interventions and more realistic implementation strategies. Using carefully designed trials and modelling, we must prepare for success, to ensure that new vaccines will be promptly received by those most in need.
Undocumented Mothers and Work–Family Conflict in Restrictive Policy Contexts
Authors: Straut‐Eppsteiner Holly 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis research examines how undocumented Latina mothers negotiate work–family conflict amid restrictive immigration policies.BackgroundWomen in the United States continue to contend with tension between work and family and poor women face particular constraints. Latina immigrants have increasingly settled and formed families in the United States and joined the labor market in low‐wage occupations. Unlike U.S.‐born women, these women must contend with restrictive immigration policies, suggesting new areas for understanding the intersectional inequalities that shape work–family conflict.MethodFindings are based on in‐depth interviews conducted with 45 Latina immigrant mothers in North Carolina who had paid labor market experience. Interview topics included family, work, and migration across women's life histories.ResultsPlace‐specific policy contexts, working conditions, patriarchal expectations, and lacking access to care networks challenge Latina immigrants' ability to fulfill the dual motherhood roles they occupy as both family providers and caregivers and nurturers for their children.ConclusionThe social expectations of motherhood add a dimension of precarity to women's vulnerable status as undocumented workers and demonstrate the gendered impact of immigration policies.ImplicationsRestrictive policies make it increasingly difficult for undocumented women to obtain or move between jobs in the low‐wage labor market. Findings highlight the importance of considering immigration status in studies of work–family conflict, particularly as policies targeting immigrants intensify.
Improvement of oral hypofunction by a comprehensive oral and physical exercise programme including textured lunch gatherings
Authors: Matsuo Koichiro , Kito Norie , Ogawa Koichi , Izumi Ayako , Kishima Masako , Itoda Masataka , Masuda Yuji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe deterioration of oral function to a state of oral hypofunction (OHF) is reportedly associated with malnutrition and frailty. Thus, we Investigated the association of OHF with physical characteristics and function and test the effects of a programme including comprehensive oral and physical exercises and textured lunch gatherings (COPE‐TeL programme) on oral and physical function in older adults with OHF. Eighty‐six community‐dwelling older adults were randomly assigned into control (n = 43) or intervention (n = 43) groups. The participants were further divided into OHF and normal oral function (NOF) sub‐groups based on initial oral examinations. The intervention group participated in the 12‐week COPE‐TeL programme, while the control group performed the physical exercise regimen only. The differences in measured variables for physical and oral function between the OHF and NOF groups were statistically tested, and changes in the proportion of participants with OHF were examined. Physical function, such as hand grip strength and walking speed, was significantly lower in the OHF group at the initial assessment. The proportion of participants with OHF was 56% in the intervention group and 67% in the control group before the trial, which became significantly reduced after completing the COPE‐TeL programme in the intervention group (26%, P = .002), but not in the controls (61%, P = .549). Older adults with OHF may have diminished physical function. The COPE‐TeL programme of oral and physical exercises along with textured lunch gatherings may be effective for older adults with OHF.
Incorporating Digital Dentures into Clinical Practice: Flexible Workflows and Improved Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Maragliano‐Muniz Pamela , Kukucka Eric D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReplacement of missing teeth with complete denture prostheses have been successfully accomplished for decades. However, limitations of denture materials and the number of appointments required to fabricate new or replacement complete dentures preclude practicality. New innovations involving a partially or completely digital workflow facilitate the fabrication of complete dentures in fewer, shorter appointments, and by incorporating materials that exhibit improved physical properties. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the variety of workflows that can be implemented to incorporate digital denture fabrication into clinical practice.
Identification and Characterization of a Periplasmic α‐Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) in the Gametophytes of Saccharina japonica (Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Bi Yan‐Hui , Qiao Ya‐Ming , Wang Zhen , Zhou Zhi‐Gang 
Published: October 2020

Periplasmic or external carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have been well accepted as playing a crucial role in the acquisition of dissolved inorganic carbon; however, no cytological evidence or molecular information on these enzymes has been reported in seaweeds to date. In this study, the full‐length cDNA sequence coding for a putative periplasmic Sjα‐CA2 was cloned from the gametophytes of Saccharina japonica, an industrial brown seaweed. It was 1,728 bp in length and included a 263‐bp 5′‐untranslated region (UTR), a 577‐bp 3′‐UTR, and an 888‐bp open reading frame encoding a protein precursor consisting of 295 amino acids. The mature protein, after removal of a predicted 28‐residue signal peptide, was composed of 267 amino acids with a relative molecular weight of 29.27 kDa. Multisequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that it was a member of the α‐CA family. Enzyme activity assays showed that the recombinant Sjα‐CA2 in Escherichia coli possessed CO2 hydration and esterase activities, thus identifying this gene Sjα‐CA2 in function. Immunogold electron microscopic observations with the prepared anti‐Sjα‐CA2 polyclonal antibody illustrated that Sjα‐CA2 was located in periplasmic space of the kelp gametophyte cells. Quantitative real‐time PCR results revealed that the transcription of Sjα‐CA2 was induced by elevated levels, but it was little changed while the kelp gametophytes were subjected to elevated CO2 concentrations. This study suggests that the periplasmic Sjα‐CA2 might play a role in adapting to elevated environmental levels of by dehydration of to generate CO2, which could be readily taken up by S. japonica gametophytes.
Temporal evolution and global spread of hepatitis B virus genotype G
Authors: Wolf Jonas Michel , De Carli Sílvia , Pereira Vagner Reinaldo Zingalli Bueno , Simon Daniel , Lunge Vagner Ricardo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is considered a major health problem in the world. HBV is classified into genotypes A to J disseminated worldwide. Genotypes A, D and F are the most frequent in the Western World, B and C are predominant in the East, and E, F, H and J are infrequent and restricted to specific regions. HBV‐G is a rare genotype, but it has been detected in different continents. This study aimed to report the temporal evolution and global spread of HBV‐G comparing whole‐genome sequences of this genotype from different regions in the world. Bayesian coalescent analysis was performed to estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) and the population dynamics in the last decades. The results demonstrated that tMRCA of all HBV‐Gs dated back to 1855 (95% highest posterior density interval [HPD 95%]: 1778 ‐ 1931). This genotype has a possible origin in North America and it was disseminated to other continents (South and Central America, Europe, Asia and Africa) more than one century later (around the 1970s). The viral population demonstrated constant spreading from 1855 to the 1980s, followed by an increase in the 1990s and reached a plateau after the 2000s. Wide spreading at the beginning of the 1990s was probably associated with the dissemination by highly sexual active groups and injecting drug users. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that HBV‐G was originated in the 19th century with main events of spread at the end of the 20th century.
The use and misuse of regression models in landscape genetic analyses
Authors: Peterman William E. , Pope Nathaniel S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe field of landscape genetics has been rapidly evolving, adopting and adapting analytical frameworks to address research questions. Current studies are increasingly using regression‐based frameworks to infer the individual contributions of landscape and habitat variables on genetic differentiation. This paper outlines appropriate and inappropriate uses of multiple regression for these purposes, and demonstrates through simulation the limitations of different analytical frameworks for making correct inference. Of particular concern are recent studies seeking to explain genetic differences by fitting regression models with effective distance variables calculated independently on separate landscape resistance surfaces. When moving across the landscape, organisms cannot respond independently and uniquely to habitat and landscape features. Analyses seeking to understand how landscape features affect gene flow should model a single conductance or resistance surface as a parameterized function of relevant spatial covariates, and estimate the values of these parameters by linking a single set of resistance distances to observed genetic dissimilarity via a loss function. While this loss function may involve a regression‐like step, the associated nuisance parameters are not interpretable in terms of organismal movement and should not be conflated with what is actually of interest: the mapping between spatial covariates and conductance/resistance. The growth and evolution of landscape genetics as a field has been rapid and exciting. It is the goal of this paper to highlight past missteps and demonstrate limitations of current approaches to ensure that future use of regression models will appropriately consider the process being modeled, which will provide clarity to model interpretation.
Identification of Candida auris and related species by multiplex PCR based on unique GPI protein‐encoding genes
Authors: Alvarado María , Bartolomé Álvarez Joaquín , Lockhart Shawn R. , Valentín Eulogio , Ruiz‐Gaitán Alba Cecilia , Eraso Elena , de Groot Piet W. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe pathogen Candida auris is rapidly gaining clinical importance because of its resistance to antifungal treatments and its persistence in hospital environments. Early and accurate diagnosis of C. auris infections is crucial, and however, the fungus has often been misidentified by commercial systems.ObjectivesTo develop conventional and real‐time PCR methods for accurate and rapid identification of C. auris and its discrimination from closely related species by exploiting the uniqueness of certain glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐modified protein‐encoding genes.MethodsSpecies‐specific primers for two unique putative GPI protein‐encoding genes per species were designed for C. auris, C. haemulonii, C. pseudohaemulonii, C. duobushaemulonii, C. lusitaniae and C. albicans. Primers were blind tested for their specificity and efficiency in conventional and real‐time multiplex PCR set‐up.ResultsAll primers combinations showed excellent species specificity. In multiplex mode, correct identification was aided by different‐sized amplicons for each species. Efficiency of the C. auris primers was validated using a panel of 155 C. auris isolates, including all known genetically diverse clades. In real‐time multiplex PCR, different melting points of the amplicons allowed the distinction of C. auris from four related species. C. auris limit of detection was 5 CFU/reaction with a threshold value of 32. The method was also able to detect C. auris in spiked blood and serum.ConclusionsPCR identification based on unique GPI protein‐encoding genes allows for accurate and rapid species identification of C. auris and related species without need for expensive equipment when applied in conventional PCR set‐up.
Tournament decision theory
Authors: Podgorski Abelard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I diagnose the problems facing causal decision theory as a special case of the general phenomenon of decision‐dependence–the possibility that some input into our evaluation of options can be affected by the decision we end up making. I go on to develop a new decision theory, which treats each choice as a tournament between options competing in pairs, and show how it can capture attractive features of the causal view while avoiding the problems generated by decision‐dependence.