bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precision of the dimensions of orthodontic bracket slots – systematic review
Authors: Kłos Seweryn , Janiszewska-Olszowska Joanna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of this study was to revising and presenting results of in vitro studies referring to the precision of the dimensions of orthodontic brackets’ slots.Materials and methods: Search was proceeded for studies describing results of measurements of the dimensions of orthodontic brackets slots performed with the use of various available measuring instruments. Brackets from various manufacturers were taken into consideration. Search was performed in Pub-Med and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used: „bracket slot”, „orthodontic bracket slot dimension”. Studies were included, if they based on two separate measurements: at the slot opening and along the slot bottom. Studies were rejected if they described an analysis of bracket slot structure or roughness without providing slot dimensions.Results: Finally, 13 papers were selected from PubMed and 9 papers – from Google Scholar (all the papers from PubMed were found in Google Scholar as well). All the studies analysed, regardless of the method of measurement and material used for the manufacturing of orthodontic brackets revealed, that slot dimensions were higher or lower than the declared standard size. Moreover, analysis of slot appearance provided interesting information pertaining to the shape of bracket slots, e.g. parallelism, convergence or divergence of their walls.Conclusions: Basing on the review it can be stated that orthodontic brackets are characterized by imperfections that may characterize single brackets, bracket sets or series. They may potentially influence the process of three-dimensional aligning of individual teeth during orthodontic treatment.
Hygiene of removable partial denture
Authors: Czerniawska-Kliman Luiza , Grocholewicz Katarzyna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Hygiene of removable dental prostheses is equally important as oral hygiene. Statistical data from the World Health Organization show that people over 65 years of age constitute a larger percentage of the population than newly born children. The number of people using removable dental prostheses increases with age. Older people, often for financial reasons, generally opt for settling dentures. Due to its porous structure, acrylic favors the retention of food residue. As a consequence, the incidence of candidiasis and prosthetic stomatopathy increases in patients using removable acrylic dentures.
The aim of the study is to assess the hygiene of the oral cavity and removable dental prostheses.

Materials and methods: A physical examination was carried out to determine the condition of the teeth, oral hygiene, and number/location of missing teeth. Oral hygiene was assessed using the approximal dental plaque index (API). Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire about hygiene and nighttime storage methods for removable dental restorations and whether the doctor provided information on the correct use and storage of prostheses. A physical examination was then performed to determine the hygiene of the restorations. Prosthesis hygiene was evaluated using the hygiene scale of prostheses developed by Frączak et al.

Results and conclusions: The level of oral hygiene in general and hygiene of prosthetic restorations are very low, despite the information obtained from physicians, which indicates that dentists should pay more attention to providing information on oral and prosthesis hygiene, preferably in the form of leaflets.
Denticles of the pulp chamber – diagnostics and management. Case studies
Authors: Palatyńska-Ulatowska Aleksandra , Pietrzycka Krystyna , Koprowicz Agata 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Denticles are mineralized formations found in the dental pulp of deciduous and permanent dentition. Topo-graphically, they can be classified as free, adjacent, or intratissular. Denticles rarely occur; however, their presence is considered clinically relevant due to the difficulties they cause during endodontic treatment.
The aim of this study was to describe clinical cases of denticles located in the tooth pulp chamber. Various methods for their removal are also discussed. Emphasis was placed on the diverse appearance of pulp stones in microscope-captured images and on the necessity of maintaining appropriate clinical procedures for highly specialized endodontic treatment, such as working with rubber dams and magnification, to avoid serious complications.

Materials and methods: Four cases of molar teeth with suspected intraventricular denticles were subjected to specialised endodontic treatment. Removal procedures were performed in aseptic conditions after dental dam placement and with the use of a dental operative microscope. To remove denticles, carbide long shank rose burs, Munce Discovery Burs, and an ultrasonic device with tips for finishing canal access and locating their orifices were used. Following preparation of a straight line access, the canals were chemically and mechanically cleaned and shaped according to accepted standards of modern endodontics. After obturation of the canal system, control radiographs were performed.

Results: During all treatments, the denticles were removed completely, allowing further preparation and obturation of the entire canal system.

Conclusions: Removal of denticles from the pulp chamber is a complicated, difficult procedure, requiring knowledge of the anatomy of the root canal system, professional operation skills, magnification of the operating site, and appropriate equipment. Such preparation allows clinicians to avoid potential complications such as perforation and/or excessive weakening of the tooth structure due to excessive removal of hard tissues.
Fruit and vegetables – fresh or processed – which are a better source of vitamin C?
Authors: Gutowska Izabela , Marszałek Patrycja , Baranowska-Bosiacka Irena , Łukomska Agnieszka , Goschorska Marta , Janda Katarzyna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Vitamin C is an essential component of our diet. Its presence is necessary for normal body functioning. The main sources are fruits and vegetables.The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of vitamin C in both raw and processed fruits and vegetables and products available commercially in the autumn/winter period.Materials and methods: The study material comprised 14 types of fruits and vegetables and commercial products made from them, in which we determined the content of vitamin C.Results: Differences were found in vitamin C content between fresh fruits and vegetables vs. processed fruit and vegetable products.Conclusions: Fresh fruit and vegetables are not always the best source of vitamin C in the autumn/winter season. In some cases, processed fruits and vegetables are richer in this vitamin.
De novo sequencing of the transcriptome reveals regulators of the floral transition in Fargesia macclureana (Poaceae)
Authors: Li Ying , Zhang Chunxia , Yang Kebin , Shi Jingjing , Ding Yulong , Gao Zhimin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Fargesia macclureana (Poaceae) is a woody bamboo species found on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) approximately 2,000 ~ 3,800 m above sea level. It rarely blossoms in the QTP, but it flowered 20 days after growing in our lab, which is in a low-altitude area outside the QTP. To date, little is known regarding the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering, and no studies of flowering have been conducted on wild bamboo plants growing in extreme environments. Here, we report the first de novo transcriptome sequence for F. macclureana to investigate the putative mechanisms underlying the flowering time control used by F. macclureana to adapt to its environment.
Results: Illumina deep sequencing of the F. macclureana transcriptome generated 140.94 Gb of data, assembled into 99,056 unigenes. A comprehensive analysis of the broadly, specifically and differentially expressed unigenes (BEUs, SEUs and DEUs) indicated that they were mostly involved in metabolism and signal transduction, as well as DNA repair and plant-pathogen interactions, which may be of adaptive importance. In addition, comparison analysis between non-flowering and flowering tissues revealed that expressions of FmFT and FmHd3a, two putative F. macclureana orthologs, were differently regulated in NF- vs F- leaves, and carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction were two major KEGG pathways that DEUs were enriched in. Finally, we detected 9,296 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) that may be useful for further molecular marker-assisted breeding.
Conclusions: F. macclureana may have evolved specific reproductive strategies for flowering-related pathways in response to photoperiodic cues to ensure long vegetation growing period. Our findings will provide new insights to future investigations into the mechanisms of flowering time control and adaptive evolution in plants growing at high altitudes.
ClpP participates in stress tolerance, biofilm formation, antimicrobial tolerance, and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Zheng Jinxin , Wu Yang , Lin Zhiwei , Wang Guangfu , Jiang Sibo , Sun Xiang , Tu Haopeng , Yu Zhi-jian , Qu Di 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background ClpP is important for bacterial growth and plays an indispensable role in cellular protein quality control systems by refolding or degrading damaged proteins, but the physiological significance of ClpP in Enterococcus faecalis remains obscure. A clpP deletion mutant (△ clpP ) was constructed using the E. faecalis OG1RF strain to clarify the effect of ClpP on E. faecalis. The global abundance of proteins was determined by a mass spectrometer with tandem mass tag labeling.Results The Δ clpP mutant strain showed impaired growth at 20°C or 45°C at 5% NaCl or 2 mM H 2 O 2 . The number of surviving Δ clpP mutants decreased after exposure to the high concentration (50× minimal inhibitory concentration) of linezolid or minocycline for 96 h. The Δ clpP mutant strain also demonstrated decreased biofilm formation but increased virulence in a Galleria mellonella model. The mass spectrometry proteomics data indicated that the abundances of 135 proteins changed (111 increased, 24 decreased) in the Δ clpP mutant strain. Among those, the abundances of stress response or virulence relating proteins: FsrA response regulator, gelatinase GelE, regulatory protein Spx ( spxA ), heat-inducible transcription repressor HrcA, transcriptional regulator CtsR, ATPase/chaperone ClpC, acetyl esterase/lipase, and chaperonin GroEL increased in the Δ clpP mutant strain; however, the abundances of ribosomal protein L4/L1 family protein ( rplD ), ribosomal protein L7/L12 ( rplL2 ), 50S ribosomal protein L13 ( rplM ), L18 ( rplR ), L20 ( rplT ), 30S ribosomal protein S14 ( rpsN2 ) and S18 ( rpsR ) all decreased. The abundances of biofilm formation-related adapter protein MecA increased, while the abundances of dihydroorotase ( pyrC ), orotate phosphoribosyltransferase ( pyrE ), and orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase ( pyrF ) all decreased in the Δ clpP mutant strain.Conclusion The present study demonstrates that ClpP participates in stress tolerance, biofilm formation, antimicrobial tolerance, and virulence of E. faecalis.
Quantitative Comparison of Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Strain Measurement Using MRI Feature Tracking in Repair Fontan Patients and Normal Child Volunteers
Authors: Hu Liwei , Wang Qian , Gregory Barton P , Ouyang RongZhen , Sun Aimin , Guo Chen , Han Tongtong , Zhong Yumin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The accuracy of 2D and 3D strain analyses was evaluated by comparing strain and cardiac function parameters in Fontan repair patients and normal child volunteers.
Methods
We retrospectively enrolled 32 patients with Fontan circulation and 32 child volunteers who had undergone clinical cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) assessment of the dominant ventricle with a 1.5-Tesla MRI scanner. Global and regional strain (2D and 3D) of the dominant ventricle in both groups was assessed using CMR feature-tracking. Correlations between cardiac function and strain data were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient values. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CoV) were determined to evaluate repeatability and agreement.
Results: The 2D GLS showed significant differences between the Fontan repair patients and volunteers (-16.49 ± 5.00 vs. -19.49 ± 2.03; p = 0.002). The 2D GRS and 2D GCS showed no significant differences between two groups. 2D GRS: 38.96 ± 14.48 vs. 37.46 ± 7.77; 2D GCS: -17.64 ± 5.00 vs. -16.89 ± 2.96, respectively; p > 0.05). The 3D global radial strain (GRS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global longitudinal strain (GLS) showed significant differences between the Fontan repair patients and volunteers (3D GRS: 36.35 ± 16.72 vs. 44.96 ± 9.98; 3D GLS: -8.86 ± 6.84 vs. -13.67 ± 2.44; 3D GCS: -13.70 ± 7.84 vs. -18.01 ± 1.78; p < 0.05, respectively). The ejection fraction (EF) and 3D GCS were significantly associated (r = -0.491, p = 0.004). The 3D GCS showed correlations with the indexed end-diastolic volume (EDV) (r = 0.523, p = 0.002) and indexed end-systolic volume (ESV) (r = 0.602, p < 0.001). 3D strain showed good reproducibility, with GCS showing the best inter-observer agreement (ICC=0.87 and CoV=5.15), followed by GLS (ICC=0.84 and CoV=5.36).
Conclusion:3D GCS is feasible, highly reproducible, and strongly correlated with conventional cardiac function measures. 3D GCS assessments may be useful for monitoring abnormal myocardial motion in patients with Fontan circulation.

Keywords Strain; Feature tracking; Fontan operation; Pediatric
Effect of Continuation of Antiplatelet Therapy on Survival in Patients Receiving Physician Home Visits
Authors: Osugi Yasuhiro , Ino Teruo , Kobayashi Daiki , Iwata Mitzunaga , Asai Kanici 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Little is known about the effects of continued antiplatelet therapy in patients who receive physician home visits. This study aimed to evaluate the association of survival with the continuation of antiplatelet drugs in patients who received physician home visits.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Toyota, Japan, from April 2015 to October 2018. All patients who received home visits by physicians from the department of Family Medicine of the hospital were included. The primary outcome was the difference in all-cause mortality between patients who were taking antiplatelet drugs and those who were not. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied, adjusted for the patient’s demographic features, activities of daily living, comorbidities, and primary disease requiring home care.
Results: A total of 815 patients were included, of whom 61 received antiplatelet drugs (n = 42 for aspirin, n = 17 for clopidogrel, and n = 8 for cilostazol) and 772 received no antiplatelet drugs. The mean age of the patients was 78.3 years, 409 (49.1%) were male, and 314 (37.7%) had end-stage cancer. During a median follow-up period of 120 days (interquartile range, 29–364), 54.3% of the patients died. Compared with patients not taking antiplatelet drugs, patients taking antiplatelet drugs had a better outcome (p < 0.01, log-rank test) and a significantly lower hazard ratio (0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.17–0.65; Cox proportional hazards regression).
Conclusions: The continuous prescription of antiplatelet drugs may have beneficial effects on mortality among patients who receive physician home visits.
Acceptability of Internet-based interventions for problem gambling: a qualitative study of focus groups with clients and clinicians
Authors: Sanchez Sherald , Jindani Farah , Shi Jing , Maas Mark van der , Hagopian Sylvia , Murray Robert , Turner Nigel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background Although Internet-based interventions (IBIs) have been around for two decades, uptake has been slow. Increasing the acceptability of IBIs among end users may increase uptake. In this study, we explored the factors that shape acceptability of IBIs for problem gambling from the perspective of clients and clinicians. Findings from this qualitative study of focus groups informed the design and implementation of an IBI for problem gambling.Methods Using a semi-structured interview guide, we conducted three focus groups with clients experiencing gambling problems (total n = 13) and two with clinicians providing problem gambling treatment (total n = 21). Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a two-part inductive-deductive approach to thematic analysis.Results Although both user groups reported similar experiences, each group also had unique concerns. Clinician perspectives were more homogeneous reflective of healthcare professionals sharing the same practice and values. Clinicians were more concerned about issues relating to the dissemination of IBIs into clinical settings, including the development of policies and protocols and the implications of IBIs on the therapeutic relationship. In comparison, client narratives were more heterogeneous descriptive of diverse experiences and individual preferences, such as the availability of services on a 24-hour basis. There was consensus among clients and clinicians on common factors influencing acceptability: access, usability, high quality technology, privacy and security, and the value of professional guidance.Conclusions Acceptability is an important factor in the overall effectiveness of IBIs. Gaining an understanding of how end users perceive IBIs and why they choose to use IBIs can be instrumental in the successful and meaningful design, implementation, and evaluation of IBIs.
Displacement in root apex and changes in incisor inclination affect alveolar bone remodeling in adult bimaxillary protrusion patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Mao Huimin , Yang Andi , Pan Yue , Li Houxuan , lei lang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Periodontal health is of great concern for periodontists and orthodontists in the inter-disciplinary management of patients with bimaxillary protrusion. The aim of present study is to investigate changes in the alveolar bone in the maxillary incisor region and to explore its relationship with displacement of root apex as well as changes in the inclination of maxillary incisors during incisor retraction. Methods: Samples in this retrospective study consisted of 38 patients with bimaxillary protrusion. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images was taken before(T0) and after (T1) treatment. Alveolar bone thickness (ABT), height (ABH) and area (ABA) were utilized to evaluate changes in the alveolar bone, while incisor inclination and apex displacement were used to assess changes in the position of maxillary central and lateral incisors. Correlations between alveolar bone remodeling and apex displacement as well as changes in the inclination were investigated. Results: The labial ABT of central and lateral incisors at the mid-root third was increased. In contrast, the palatal ABT at crestal, mid-root and apical third level were consistently decreased. ABH was not altered on the labial side, while significantly decreased on the palatal side. ABA was not significantly increased on the labial side, but significantly decreased on the palatal side, leading to a significantly reduced total ABA. Orthodontic treatment significantly reduced inclination of upper incisors. Changes in the amount (T1-T0) of ABA was remarkably correlated with apex displacement and changes of inclination (T1-T0); in addition, using the multivariate linear regression analysis, changes of ABA on the palatal side (T1-T0) can be described by following equation: Changes of palatal ABA (T1-T0) = -3.258- 0.139× changes of inclination (T1-T0) + 2.533×apex displacement (T1-T0). Conclusions: Retraction of incisors with palatal apex displacement reduced periodontal bone support on the palatal side. An equation that incorporated the displacement of root apex and change in the incisor inclination may enable periodontist-orthodontist interdisciplinary coordination in assessing treatment risks and developing an individualized treatment plan for adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion.
Spatio-temporal distribution and associated factors of home delivery in Ethiopia. Fruther multilevel and spatial analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys 2005 - 2016
Authors: Tadesse Zemenu Tessema , Tiruneh Sofonyas Abebaw 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Globally, between 2012 -2017 80% of live births occurred at health facilities assisted by skilled health personnel. In Ethiopia, in 2016 only 26% of live births attended by skilled health personal. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial patterns and associated factors of home delivery in Ethiopia using 2005 to 2016 Ethiopian Demgraphic and Health Surveys. Method: A total of 33 482 women who gave live birth in the five years preceding each survey were included for this study. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial distribution of home delivery. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for home delivery in Ethiopia. Multilevel logistic regression model were fitted to identify factors associated with home delivery. A p-value < 0.05 was taken to declare statistically significant predictors. Result: Home delivery was declined from 94.78% in 2005 , 90.05% in 2011, and 73.44% in 2016 in Ethiopia. Among the three surveys, consistently high clustering of home delivery was observed in Amhara and Southern Nations Nationalities and People’s (SNNPR) Regions of Ethiopia. In spatial scan statistics analysis, a total of 128 clusters (RR= 1.04, P-value < 0.001) in 2005, and 90 clusters (RR = 1.11, P-value < 0.001) in 2011, and 55 clusters (RR = 1.29, P-value < 0.001) in 2016 significant primary clusters were identified. Educational status of women and husband, religion, distance to the health facility, mobile access, antenatal care visit (ANC), birth order, parity, wealth index, residence, and region were statistically associated with home delivery. Conclusion: The spatial distribution of home delivery among the three consecutive surveys were non-random in Ethiopia. Educational status of women and husband, religion, distance to the health facility, wealth index, residence, parity, mobile access, Region, and antenatal care visit were significant predictors of home delivery in Ethiopia. Therefore, an intervention needs to improve the coverage of ANC, and health care facilities. Ministry of health and other stakeholders should give special attention women live in Amhara and (SNNPR) states of Ethiopia. Key Words: Home delivery, EDHS, Spatial Distribution, Ethiopia.