bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study on Thermal Runaway Behavior for High-Capacity Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 Pouch Cells at Different State of Charges
Authors: Li Cheng , Wang Hewu , Han Xuebing , Wang Yan , Wang Yu , Zhang Yajun , Feng Xuning , Ouyang Minggao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lithium-ion cells normally operate during 0% and 100% state of charge (SOC), therefore thermal runaway can occur at any SOC. In this paper, the 74 Ah lithium-ion pouch cells with the Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 cathode were thermally abused by lateral heating in a semi-open chamber. The differences of thermal runaway behavior were investigated under six SOCs. Characteristic parameters such as triggering time and triggering temperature for thermal runaway show a negative correlation with SOCs, while maximum surface temperature and maximum surface temperature rise rate show a strongly positive correlation. Besides, mass loss ratio increases exponentially with equivalent specific capacity statistically, which implies that the pouch cells with high specific energy density and high capacity may eject more violently. Furthermore, the impact on the surroundings caused by high-temperature ejections was studied, and maximum ambient temperature and maximum ambient pressure in the chamber reached a plateau at middle SOCs. Based on the thermal impact on the surroundings, a theoretical method is proposed to evaluate the deterioration of heat dissipation by venting, and simplified to quantitatively calculate the deterioration under above SOCs. The results can provide guidance for battery safety management strategies and structure design of the battery pack.
Geodesic Distance Field-Based Process Planning for Five-Axis Machining of Complicated Parts
Authors: He Dong , Li Yamin , Li Zhaoyu , Tang Kai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A critical task in multi-pass process planning for the five-axis machining of complicated parts is to determine the intermediate surfaces for rough machining. Traditionally, the intermediate surfaces are simply parallel Z-level planes, and the machining is of the simplest three-axis type. However, for complicated parts, this so-called Z-level method lacks flexibility and causes isolated islands on layers, which require extraneous air movements by the tool. Moreover, the in-process workpiece machined according to the Z-level method suffers from the staircase effect, which often induces unstable dynamic problems on the tool-spindle system. In this paper, we propose a new method of planning a five-axis machining process for a complicated freeform solid part. In our method, the intermediate surfaces are no longer planar but curved, and they are intrinsically influenced by the convex hull of the part. The powerful algebraic tool of geodesic distance field is utilized to generate the desired intermediate surfaces, for which collision-free five-axis machining tool paths are then planned. In addition, we propose a novel idea of alternating between the roughing and finishing machining operations, which helps improve the stiffness of the in-process workpiece. Ample physical cutting experiments are performed, and the experimental results convincingly confirm the advantages of our method.
Design Space Exploration of Rotor Blades Accounting for Vibratory Responses by Indirect Emulation
Authors: Bunnell Spencer , Gorrell Steven , Salmon John 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Turbomachines are an integral part of society, with global trends demanding more efficient designs while staying within structural limits. Fan blade designs must be designed for both steady and vibratory structural responses. Design space exploration (DSE) of turbomachinery blades allows improved designs to be found. DSE requires samples of vibratory responses. Traditionally, analysis to obtain these samples is too computationally expensive for thorough DSE. This work develops a simplified analysis method based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and harmonic mode superposition (HMS) finite element analysis (FEA). This reduces the computational cost and allows for enough samples to create surrogate models. This work also develops a surrogate method which indirectly emulates the vibratory responses to accurately handle the large spikes in vibratory stress found throughout the design space. It was found that combining these methods allows for accurate emulation of a fan blade design space while accounting for vibratory stress. The surrogates with improved accuracy allow better designs to be found while ensuring that those designs meet structural requirements.
Visual impairment in rural and migrant Chinese school-going children: prevalence, severity, correction and associations
Authors: Ma Yue , Zhang Xinwu , He Fei , Ma Xiaochen , Yi Hongmei , Rose Nathan , Medina Alexis , Rozelle Scott , Congdon Nathan 
Published: October 2020

PurposeTo describe changes in the prevalence of visual impairment and glasses ownership with age and as associated with income and population density for visual impairment among rural and urban migrant Chinese students.DesignMeta-analysis of 12 cross-sectional, school-based studies conducted between 2012 and 2017.SettingRural and urban migrant schools in seven Chinese provinces.ParticipantsA total of 83 273 rural and urban migrant Chinese students aged 6–17 years.ResultsPrevalence of visual impairment (uncorrected visual acuity ≤6/12 in either eye) rose from 19.0% at age 6 to 66.9% at 17, with the overall age-adjusted prevalence higher for girls (35.8%) than for boys (30.1%, p<0.001). The rate of glasses ownership among students who needed them increased from 13.0% at age 6 to 63.9% (p<0.001) at 17 and was significantly higher for girls (37.0%) than boys (34.7%, p<0.001). The unmet need for glasses as a proportion of the student population peaked in junior high school (31.8%). A 1% increase in per capita gross domestic product was associated with a 4.45% rise in uncorrected visual acuity (R2=0.057, p=0.020). Population density was significantly associated with glasses ownership among children (R2=0.359, p=0.012). A 1% population density increase was associated with an increase in the glasses ownership rate of 6.83%.ConclusionEfforts are needed to improve vision screening coverage in China’s schools, particularly junior high schools, as this is when many rural children leave school and glasses coverage is lowest.
Factors promoting sustainability of NURHI programme activities in Ilorin and Kaduna, Nigeria: findings from a qualitative study among health facility staff
Authors: Olumide Adesola Oluwafunmilola , McGuire Courtney , Calhoun Lisa , Speizer Ilene , Babawarun Tolulope , Ojengbede Oladosu 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThe Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative (NURHI) was implemented in six urban sites in Nigeria from 2009 to early 2015. Under a second phase (NURHI-2), activities ceased operations in four of the original six sites in 2015 (Ilorin, Abuja, Benin City and Zaria), and continued in two sites (Kaduna and Ibadan). This paper examines the sustainability of facility-based intervention activities implemented under NURHI-1 in Ilorin and Kaduna.MethodsA qualitative study that used in-depth interviews was conducted with 31 service providers purposively selected from 10 of the NURHI-1 intervention facilities in Ilorin and six in Kaduna. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcripts uploaded into ATLAS.ti for analysis. Structured observations to document renovations implemented during the NURHI-1 interventions were also conducted in the health facilities.ResultsFamily planning (FP) awareness creation within the facilities and integration of FP into existing maternal and child health and HIV services, were sustained in both cities. The majority of the equipment supplied as part of the NURHI 72-hour clinic makeover were still functional in both cities. Respondents in both cities reported that FP awareness and demand were sustained. On the whole, challenges with sustaining activities were reported more among respondents in Ilorin than Kaduna. In Ilorin, NURHI outreach activities and trainings, had discontinued while in Kaduna, they were no longer being implemented to the same degree as occurred during NURHI-1. Inadequate funds was a major reason for discontinued activities in both cities while integration of FP into existing services enhanced sustainability.ConclusionsMany activities were not sustained in Ilorin compared with Kaduna although FP awareness and demand remained high in both cities. Integration of FP into existing services promoted sustainability in Ilorin and Kaduna. A gradual closeout of donor projects with concomitant input from government and indigenous institutions could be useful in sustaining donor activities.
Prevalence and correlates of mental and neurodevelopmental symptoms and disorders among deaf children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Swanepoel Brandon , Swartz Leslie , Gericke Renate , Mall Sumaya 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionLittle is known of the prevalence and correlates of mental and neurodevelopmental symptoms and disorders among deaf children and adolescents. Research suggests that this is a vulnerable population group at high risk of these disorders. However, little is known of correlates of prevalence estimates of these mental disorders and it seems that heterogeneous tools have been used to derive these estimates. Given the heterogeneity of studies measuring the prevalence and correlates of mental and neurodevelopmental symptoms and disorders among deaf children and adolescents, we seek to systematically examine and synthesise observational epidemiological evidence in this area to articulate a more detailed account of these symptoms and disorders and their correlates among this population group.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic search of the following electronic databases to identify published observational epidemiological studies examining the prevalence and correlates of mental and neurodevelopmental symptoms and disorders among deaf children and adolescents: EBSCOhost, ERIC, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMED, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS and Web of Science. As research in this area is limited, eight databases have been included to widen our search to include as many articles as possible. The search terms will be related to mental and neurodevelopmental symptoms and disorders as well as deaf children and adolescents. Two reviewers will review and extract data from each article independently and, where relevant, discuss differences to reach consensus. Additionally, the reviewers will assess overall study quality and risk of bias using a quality appraisal scale. Findings from studies will be synthesised to produce a quantitative review that summarises existing evidence on mental and neurodevelopmental symptoms and disorders among deaf children and adolescents and their correlates. The publication date of studies will not be restricted so that as much data as possible that fit our inclusion criteria can be sourced. We will conduct our searches between August 2020 and March 2021.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will use publicly available data and therefore does not require a direct ethical review. The protocol was however submitted for ethics waiver clearance with Stellenbosch University Health Research Ethics Committee. The protocol will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. The review protocol was registered with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of systematic reviews (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020189403.
Effects of sleep quality on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Takahashi Atsushi , Anzai Yukio , Kuroda Masahito , Kokubun Masae , Kondo Yuichiro , Ogata Takashi , Fujita Masashi , Hayashi Manabu , Imaizumi Hiromichi , Abe Kazumichi , Tanji Nobuo , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe effects of sleep quality on the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain uncertain. The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between sleep quality and NAFLD.MethodsThe data of 4828 participants who underwent health check-ups at four hospitals were analysed. Sleep quality was evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which comprised seven elements scored from 0 to 3. The global PSQI score and the score for each element were compared between NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups separately by sex. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between NAFLD and each PSQI score.ResultsIn both men and women, the mean PSQI score for sleep medication use was significantly higher in non-NAFLD than in NAFLD. With regard to sleep medication use in men, the OR (95% CI) for NAFLD was lower with a score of 3 (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.38–0.95) than with a score of 0 on multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, smoking habits and physical activity. The OR for NAFLD based on daytime dysfunction was also higher with a score of 3 than with a score of 0 in both men (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.39–5.75) and women (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.10–3.92). After adjustment for body mass index, the sleep latency scores in men and daytime dysfunction in women were associated with NAFLD.ConclusionSleep quality was associated with NAFLD, and there were sex differences.
Cohort profile: CROSS-TRACKS: a population-based open cohort across healthcare sectors in Denmark
Authors: Riis Anders Hammerich , Kristensen Pia Kjær , Petersen Matilde Grøndahl , Ebdrup Ninna Hinchely , Lauritsen Simon Meyer , Jørgensen Marianne Johansson 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis paper describes the open cohort CROSS-TRACKS, which comprises population-based data from primary care, secondary care and national registries to study patient pathways and transitions across sectors while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.ParticipantsA total of 221 283 individuals resided in the four Danish municipalities that constituted the catchment area of Horsens Regional Hospital in 2012–2018. A total of 96% of the population used primary care, 35% received at least one transfer payment and 66% was in contact with a hospital at least once in the period. Additional clinical information is available for hospital contacts (eg, alcohol intake, smoking status, body mass index and blood pressure). A total of 23% (n=8191) of individuals aged ≥65 years had at least one potentially preventable hospital admission, and 73% (n=5941) of these individuals had more than one.Findings to dateThe cohort is currently used for research projects in epidemiology and artificial intelligence. These projects comprise a prediction model for potentially preventable hospital admissions, a clinical decision support system based on artificial intelligence, prevention of medication errors in the transition between sectors, health behaviour and sociodemographic characteristics of men and women prior to fertility treatment, and a recently published study applying machine learning methods for early detection of sepsis.Future plansThe CROSS-TRACKS cohort will be expanded to comprise the entire Central Denmark Region consisting of 1.3 million residents. The cohort can provide new knowledge on how to best organise interventions across healthcare sectors and prevent potentially preventable hospital admissions. Such knowledge would benefit both the individual citizen and society as a whole.
Validation of handheld fundus camera with mydriasis for retinal imaging of diabetic retinopathy screening in China: a prospective comparison study
Authors: Xiao Baixiang , Liao Qinghua , Li Yanping , Weng Fan , Jin Ling , Wang Yanfang , Huang Wenyong , Yi Jinglin , Burton Matthew J , Yip Jennifer LY 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical validity of using a handheld fundus camera to detect diabetic retinopathy (DR) in China.Design and settingsProspective comparison study of the handheld fundus camera with a standard validated instrument in detection of DR in hospital and a community screening clinic in Guangdong Province, China.ParticipantsParticipants aged 18 years and over with diabetes who were able to provide informed consent and agreed to attend the dilated eye examination with handheld tests and a standard desktop camera.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was the proportion of those with referable DR (R2 and above) identified by the handheld fundus camera (the index test) compared with the standard camera. Secondary outcome was the comparison of proportion of gradable images obtained from each test.ResultsIn this study, we examined 304 people (608 eyes) with each of the two cameras under mydriasis. The handheld camera detected 119 eyes (19.5%) with some level of DR, 81 (13.3%) of them were referable, while the standard camera detected 132 eyes (21.7%) with some level of DR and 83 (13.7%) were referable. It seems that the standard camera found more eyes with referable DR, although McNemar’s test detected no significant difference between the two cameras.Of the 608 eyes with images obtained by desktop camera, 598 (98.4%) images were of sufficient quality for grading, 12 (1.9%) images were not gradable. By the handheld camera, 590 (97.0%) were gradable and 20 (3.2%) images were not gradable.The two cameras reached high agreement on diagnosis of retinopathy and maculopathy at all the levels of retinopathy.ConclusionAlthough it could not take the place of standard desktop camera on clinic fundus examination, the handheld fundus camera showed promising role on preliminary DR screening at primary level in China. To ensure quality images, mydriasis is required.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with aortic coarctation
Authors: Ramlakhan Karishma P , Tobler Daniel , Greutmann Matthias , Schwerzmann Markus , Baris Lucia , Yetman Anji T , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Manga Pravin , Boersma Eric , Maggioni Aldo P , Johnson Mark R , Hall Roger , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivePregnancy in women with aortic coarctation (CoA) has an estimated moderately increased risk (mWHO II–III) of adverse cardiovascular, obstetric or fetal events, but prospective data to validate this risk classification are scarce. We examined pregnancy outcomes and identified associations with adverse outcomes.MethodsPregnancies in women with CoA were selected from the worldwide prospective Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease (ROPAC, n=303 out of 5739), part of the European Society of Cardiology EURObservational Research Programme. The frequency of and associations with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and hypertensive disorders (pregnancy-induced hypertension, (pre-)eclampsia or haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome) were analysed.ResultsOf 303 pregnancies (mean age 30 years, pregnancy duration 39 weeks), 9.6% involved unrepaired CoA and 27.1% were in women with pre-existing hypertension. No maternal deaths or aortic dissections occurred. MACE occurred in 13 pregnancies (4.3%), of which 10 cases were of heart failure (3.3%). Univariable associations with MACE included prepregnancy clinical signs of heart failure (OR 31.8, 95% CI 6.8 to 147.7), left ventricular ejection fraction <40% (OR 10.4, 95% CI 1.8 to 59.5), New York Heart Association class >1 (OR 11.4, 95% CI 3.6 to 36.3) and cardiac medication use (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 18.3). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy occurred in 16 (5.3%), cardiac medication use being their only predictor (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 9.6). Premature births were 9.1%, caesarean section was performed in 49.7% of pregnancies. Of 4 neonatal deaths, 3 were after spontaneous extreme preterm birth.ConclusionsThe ROPAC data show low MACE and hypertensive disorder rates during pregnancy in women with CoA, suggesting pregnancy to be more safe and better tolerated than previously appreciated.
SIRT3 alleviates neuropathic pain by deacetylating FoxO3a in the spinal dorsal horn of diabetic model rats
Authors: Zhou Chenghua , Zhang Yufeng , Jiao Xiaowei , Wang Guizhi , Wang Ruiyao , Wu Yuqing 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain remain unclear. This work aimed to investigate the role of Sirtuin3 (SIRT3), an nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide+-dependent histone deacetylase, in the development of neuropathic pain induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to explore the associated mechanisms.MethodsDiabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) in rats was induced by high-fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin. The pain behaviors were examined using the von Frey and Hargreaves tests. The levels of SIRT3, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined using Western blot and RT-qPCR. The acetylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination of forkhead box class O3a (FoxO3a) were analyzed by immunoprecipitation and Western blot.ResultsSIRT3 expression and activity were significantly reduced in the spinal dorsal horn of DNP model rats. Overexpression of spinal SIRT3 reversed the pain hypersensitivity in the DNP model rats, but knockdown of spinal SIRT3 mimicked the pain effect, eliciting pain hypersensitivity in normal rats. Moreover, overexpression of spinal SIRT3 in DNP model rats increased the FoxO3a level and upregulated the antioxidant genes MnSOD and CAT by deacetylating FoxO3a and inhibiting FoxO3a phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Knockdown of spinal SIRT3 in normal rats decreased the FoxO3a level and downregulated MnSOD and CAT by inhibiting the deacetylation of FoxO3a and further increasing FoxO3a phosphorylation and ubiquitination.ConclusionsThese results suggest that, by deacetylating FoxO3a and further reducing its phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation in the spinal dorsal horn, SIRT3 stabilizes FoxO3a protein and inhibits oxidative stress, resulting in pain alleviation in T2DM model rats.
Kantowski–Sachs cosmology, Weyl geometry, and asymptotic safety in quantum gravity
Authors: Castro Perelman Carlos 
Published: October 2020

A brief review of the essentials of asymptotic safety and the renormalization group (RG) improvement of the Schwarzschild black hole that removes the r = 0 singularity is presented. It is followed with a RG improvement of the Kantowski–Sachs metric associated with a Schwarzschild black hole interior such that there is no singularity at t = 0 due to the running Newtonian coupling G(t) vanishing at t = 0. Two temporal horizons at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are found. For times below the Planck scale t < t P, and above the Hubble time t > t H, the components of the Kantowski–Sachs metric exhibit a key sign change, so the roles of the spatial z and temporal t coordinates are exchanged, and one recovers a repulsive inflationary de Sitter-like core around z = 0, and a Schwarzschild-like metric in the exterior region z > R H = 2G o M. The inclusion of a running cosmological constant Λ(t) follows. We proceed with the study of a dilaton-gravity (scalar–tensor theory) system within the context of Weyl’s geometry that permits singling out the expression for the classical potential [Formula: see text], instead of being introduced by hand, and find a family of metric solutions that are conformally equivalent to the (anti) de Sitter metric. To conclude, an ansatz for the truncated effective average action of ordinary dilaton gravity in Riemannian geometry is introduced, and a RG-improved cosmology based on the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric is explored where instead of recurring to the cutoff identification k = k(t) = ξH(t), based on the Hubble function H(t), with ξ a positive constant, one now has [Formula: see text], when [Formula: see text] is a positive-definite dilaton scalar field that is monotonically decreasing with time.