bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Presenting as Parkinsonism with Atypical MRI Findings and Elevated 14-3-3 Protein
Authors: Nagarajan Elanagan , Yerram Sushma Y. , Digala Lakshmi P. , Bollu Pradeep C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare neoplasm with an incidence of 2 to 3% of all CNS malignancies. The diagnosis can be challenging, especially with atypical presentations. Movement disorders can be one of the rare presentations of PCNSL. Here, we present an unusual case of gradually progressing Parkinsonism with an elevation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 14–3-3 protein and atypical imaging findings found to have PCNSL. A 76-year-old female patient presented with gait and intermittent speech difficulty. Initial workup revealed a contrast-enhancing lesion in the bilateral putamen and head of caudate without any mass effect. Her symptoms were rapidly progressed over 6 months and presented with mild dysarthria, bradykinesia, mild rigidity, and reduced left arm swinging. These features were consistent with Parkinsonism. The repeat imaging showed the progression of hyperintensities in the bilateral putamen. The patient underwent a stereotypic biopsy of the right caudate nucleus, which revealed PCNSL. She was treated with high-dose methotrexate and is currently in remission. Diagnosis of movement disorders remains clinical and rapid progression of symptoms, and atypical presentation must warrant further imaging and workup.
Protein folding from heterogeneous unfolded state revealed by time-resolved X-ray solution scattering
Authors: Kim Tae Wu , Lee Sang Jin , Jo Junbeom , Kim Jong Goo , Ki Hosung , Kim Chang Woo , Cho Kwang Hyun , Choi Jungkweon , Lee Jae Hyuk , Wulff Michael , Rhee Young Min , Ihee Hyotcherl 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Protein undergoes a folding pathway to find a three-dimensional structure that expresses its biological function in a living cell. From vast theoretical studies, the funnel-like free-energy landscape has been recognized as a prominent scheme to describe protein folding, but it has been unclear how the dynamic behavior of protein folding is linked to conformational heterogeneity. Here we employ the time-resolved X-ray scattering method combined with systematic structural analysis to track the folding of cytochrome c. The kinetics and structural changes obtained from the data reveal that various protein conformations in the unfolded state take the complex folding pathways, resulting in the stretched exponential kinetics. This study may provide structural insights into fundamental principles governing protein folding.
An energy landscape approach to locomotor transitions in complex 3D terrain
Authors: Othayoth Ratan , Thoms George , Li Chen 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Effective locomotion in nature happens by transitioning across multiple modes (e.g., walk, run, climb). Using laboratory experiments on a model system, we demonstrate that an energy landscape approach helps understand how multipathway transitions across locomotor modes in complex 3D terrain statistically emerge from physical interaction. Animals’ and robots’ locomotor modes are attracted to basins of a potential energy landscape. They can use kinetic energy fluctuation from oscillatory self-propulsion to cross potential energy barriers, escaping from one basin and reaching another to make locomotor transitions. Our first-principle energy landscape approach is the beginning of a statistical physics theory of locomotor transitions in complex terrain. It will help understand and predict how animals, and how robots should, move through the real world.
Power-law distribution of degree–degree distance: A better representation of the scale-free property of complex networks
Authors: Zhou Bin , Meng Xiangyi , Stanley H. Eugene 
Published: June 2020

Significance
It is hard to decide if a real-world complex network is scale free, as it has never reached an agreement on how to confirm whether the network exhibits statistically favored power-law distributions. Here, we define a fundamental property—the degree–degree distance—possessed by each link, the distribution of which usually exhibits a stronger power law than the degree distribution of a finite-size network as indicated by empirical and statistical studies. A bidirectional preferential selection model is introduced to explain and reproduce this finding, which implies that being scale free as a property should not be defined by apparent statistics but determined by the underlying mechanism. We conclude that power-law degree–degree distance distribution better represents the scale-free property.
Structure-guided engineering of the affinity and specificity of CARs against Tn-glycopeptides
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Marada Venkata V. V. R. , Cai Qi , Kizerwetter Monika , He Yanran , Wolf Steven P. , Schreiber Karin , Clausen Henrik , Schreiber Hans , Kranz David M. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
CAR T cells have shown significant promise in treating hematopoietic cancers but challenges remain, including antigen loss and identification of targets in solid tumors. Aberrant O-linked glycosylation in solid cancers is common, often resulting in expression of cell-surface neoantigens. We used directed evolution to engineer the binding site of an antibody so variants reacted more broadly with tumor-specific glycoprotein epitopes containing Tn (GalNAc-O-S/T). As CARs, these variants showed improved broader activity against mouse and human cancer cells with dysregulated O-glycosylation. Even cancer cells without MUC1, the most studied cancer-associated glycoantigen, were recognized by the engineered CARs. Cancer-specific recognition was retained due to Tn-antigen requirement, but broader activity against the glycoprotein backbone provides opportunities for potent use with minimal antigen-loss escape.
Scaling up behavioral science interventions in online education
Authors: Kizilcec René F. , Reich Justin , Yeomans Michael , Dann Christoph , Brunskill Emma , Lopez Glenn , Turkay Selen , Williams Joseph Jay , Tingley Dustin 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceLow persistence in educational programs is a major obstacle to social mobility. Scientists have proposed many scalable interventions to support students learning online. In one of the largest international field experiments in education, we iteratively tested established behavioral science interventions and found small benefits depending on individual and contextual characteristics. Forecasting intervention efficacy using state-of-the-art methods yields limited improvements. Online education provides unprecedented access to learning opportunities, as evidenced by its role during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, but adequately supporting diverse students will require more than a light-touch intervention. Our findings encourage funding agencies and researchers conducting large-scale field trials to consider dynamic investigations to uncover and design for contextual heterogeneity to complement static investigations of overall effects.
Changes in firearm mortality following the implementation of state laws regulating firearm access and use
Authors: Schell Terry L. , Cefalu Matthew , Griffin Beth Ann , Smart Rosanna , Morral Andrew R. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Many US states have tried to regulate firearm storage and use to reduce the 39,000 firearms-related deaths that occur each year. Looking at three classes of laws that regulate children’s access to firearms, the carrying of a concealed firearm, and the use of a firearm in self-defense, we found that state laws restricting firearm storage and use are associated with a subsequent 11% decrease in the firearms-related death rate. In a hypothetical situation in which there are 39,000 firearms deaths nationally under the permissive combination of these three laws, we expect 4,475 (80% CI, 1,761 to 6,949) more deaths nationally than under the restrictive combination of these laws.
Infrared spectroscopy of neutral water clusters at finite temperature: Evidence for a noncyclic pentamer
Authors: Zhang Bingbing , Yu Yong , Zhang Yang-Yang , Jiang Shukang , Li Qinming , Hu Han-Shi , Li Gang , Zhao Zhi , Wang Chong , Xie Hua , Zhang Weiqing , Dai Dongxu , Wu Guorong , Zhang Dong H. , Jiang Ling , Li Jun , Yang Xueming 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Spectroscopic investigation of neutral water clusters is critical in understanding the structures and properties of condensed-phase water. Because of the difficulty for size selection of neutral clusters in general, infrared spectroscopic study of structural evolution of confinement-free, neutral water clusters has been a grand challenge. In this work, we exploit recently developed, hybrid instruments that integrate infrared spectroscopy with a tunable vacuum ultraviolet free-electron laser to capture structural evolution of water clusters. Striking spectral change in the OH stretch region is observed from water tetramer to penta- and hexamer, due to appearance of three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding networks. The technique has the potential to obtain the infrared spectra of size-selected neutral clusters and to access their rich structural landscape.
Text form and grammatical changes in Medieval French
Authors: Simonenko Alexandra , Crabbé Benoît , Prévost Sophie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a treebank-based study of the effect the text form (prose vs. verse) has on the course of two grammatical
changes in Medieval French: the loss of null subjects and the loss of OV word order. By means of statistical analysis, we
demonstrate that naive estimates of the spread of overt subjects and VO orders give the impression that there is a significant
difference between the rates of development in prose vs. verse. By contrast, estimates based on an abstract grammar competition
model which distinguishes between grammar-ambiguous surface forms (overt personal subjects, null subjects in coordination
contexts) and grammar-unambiguous surface forms (overt expletive subjects, null subjects in non-coordination contexts) show
prose-verse parallelism, prose having an earlier change onset, in line with traditional intuitions. At a more general level, these
results suggest that the product of the interaction of a particular grammar with universal pragmatic laws is constant, which can
be observed if the factors responsible for variation in grammatical choices are controlled for.
How and why people are impolite in danmu?
Authors: Wang Jiayi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study explores how and why people are impolite in danmu. Danmu refers to anonymous
comments overlaid on videos uploaded to video-sharing sites. Although there is wide recognition that impoliteness prevails in
danmu, the questions of how and why people are impolite in this context have rarely been investigated. This study
addresses this lacuna of research. Using both an analysis of comments identified as impolite by participants and an analysis of focus group
interview data, this research identified seven impoliteness strategies, covering both conventionalised formulae and implicational
impoliteness. By applying uses and gratifications theory, this study identified five uses and gratifications for performing impoliteness in
danmu: social interaction, entertainment, relaxation, expression of (usually differing) opinions and finding connections.
The dialectic of resonance and opposition that emerged from the data helped explain why impolite comments tended not to be perceived as
inappropriate in danmu. Thus, this study contributes to the emerging research on impoliteness in social media.
Revisitation of time delay interferometry combinations that suppress laser noise in LISA
Authors: Muratore Martina , Vetrugno Daniele , Vitale Stefano 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
With the purpose of understanding how time delay interferometry (TDI) combinations can best be used for the characterization of LISA instrumental noise, we revisit their laser frequency noise cancellation properties. We have developed an algorithm to search for all possible combinations that suppress noise at the same level as the X, Y and Z classical combinations. The algorithm calculates delays using symbolic formulas that explicitly include velocities and accelerations of satellites up to the relevant order. In addition, once a combination has been identified, delays are verified by solving numerically the relevant equations using Keplerian orbits and Shapiro delay corrections. We find that the number of combinations that suppress the noise is larger than what was reported in the literature. In particular we find that some combinations that were thought to only partly suppress the noise, in reality do suppress it at the same level of accuracy as the basic X, Y and Z combinations.
Thermal boundary resistance of direct van der Waals bonded GaN-on-diamond
Authors: Waller William M , Pomeroy James W , Field Daniel , Smith Edmund J W , May Paul W , Kuball Martin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Carbide forming interlayers, such as amorphous silicon nitride, are typically used for GaN-on-diamond heterogenous integration. This interlayer has a low thermal conductivity, introducing an additional extrinsic interfacial thermal resistance. It may therefore be advantageous to omit this layer, directly bonding GaN-to-diamond (van der Waals bond). However, weakly bonded interfaces are known to increase the intrinsic thermal boundary resistance. An adapted acoustic mismatch model has been implemented to assess which bonding approach is the most optimal for low thermal resistance GaN-on-diamond. A high thermal boundary resistance of 200 m2 K GW−1 is predicted for weakly bonded GaN-to-diamond interfaces, which is close to the measured value of 220 ± 70 m2 K GW−1, and ∼7× higher than values measured when a 10’s nm-thick SiN interlayer is included. Covalently bonded interfaces are therefore critical for achieving low thermal resistance GaN-on-diamond.
Condensed matter physics in time crystals
Authors: Guo Lingzhen , Liang Pengfei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Time crystals are physical systems whose time translation symmetry is spontaneously broken. Although the spontaneous breaking of continuous time-translation symmetry in static systems is proved impossible for the equilibrium state, the discrete time-translation symmetry in periodically driven (Floquet) systems is allowed to be spontaneously broken, resulting in the so-called Floquet or discrete time crystals. While most works so far searching for time crystals focus on the symmetry breaking process and the possible stabilising mechanisms, the many-body physics from the interplay of symmetry-broken states, which we call the condensed matter physics in time crystals, is not fully explored yet. This review aims to summarise the very preliminary results in this new research field with an analogous structure of condensed matter theory in solids. The whole theory is built on a hidden symmetry in time crystals, i.e., the phase space lattice symmetry, which allows us to develop the band theory, topology and strongly correlated models in phase space lattice. In the end, we outline the possible topics and directions for the future research.
Lorentz-violating type-II Dirac fermions in full-Heusler compounds XMg2Ag (X = Pr, Nd, Sm)
Authors: Meng Weizhen , Zhang Xiaoming , Liu Ying , Dai Xuefang , Liu Guodong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Lorentz-violating type-II Dirac fermion, as a new type of quasiparticles beyond the high-energy physics, has received intense attention recently. However, excellent candidate materials which contain sufficiently more type-II Dirac points near the Fermi level are still in scarcity. Here, we report a family of existing full-Heusler compounds, namely XMg2Ag (X = Pr, Nd, Sm), can serve as excellent Lorentz-violating type-II Dirac semimetals. We find they show several symmetry-protected nodal loops and triply degenerate nodal points (TDNPs) when spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is not considered. These fermions show clear nontrivial surface states. When SOC is included, the TDNPs transform into type-II Dirac points, characterized by Fermi arc surface states. The type-II DPs are protected by the C
4v
symmetry in the Γ–X path. Comparing with other type-II Dirac semimetals, XMg2Ag compounds have additional advantages including: (i) they contain as much as three pairs of type-II Dirac points; (ii) all the Dirac points locate very close to the Fermi level. These advantages make XMg2Ag compounds are suitable for studying the novel properties of type-II Dirac fermions in future experiments.
Weyl fermions in ferromagnetic high-temperature phase of K2Cr8O16
Authors: Zhao J Z , Jin Y J , Wang R , Xia B W , Xu H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
By combining first-principles calculations and symmetry arguments, we propose that the half-metallic phase of K2Cr8O16 presents ferromagnetic Weyl fermions. In particular, K2Cr8O16 possesses two pairs of Weyl nodes, which originate from two groups of nodal lines connected by the mirror reflection symmetry. We show that the non-trivial topological properties of K2Cr8O16 come from the partially occupied t2g states of Cr, and we also demonstrate that such exotic topological feature is robust. The topological surface states and corresponding Fermi arcs are revealed. As K2Cr8O16 is a realistic and widely studied material, our results suggest that K2Cr8O16 is an ideal candidate for studying ferromagnetic Weyl fermions. In addition, K2Cr8O16 possesses several interesting phenomena, such as the co-existence of charge density wave and Weyl fermions, even pairs of FM Weyl points, and tunable distribution of Weyl points, which will attract intensive attentions in this field.
Quasi-fine-grained uncertainty relations
Authors: Xiao Yunlong , Xiang Yu , He Qiongyi , Sanders Barry C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nonlocality, which is the key feature of quantum theory, has been linked with the uncertainty principle by fine-grained uncertainty relations, by considering combinations of outcomes for different measurements. However, this approach assumes that information about the system to be fine-grained is local, and does not present an explicitly computable bound. Here, we generalize above approach to general quasi-fine-grained uncertainty relations (QFGURs) which applies in the presence of quantum memory and provides conspicuously computable bounds to quantitatively link the uncertainty to entanglement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering, respectively. Moreover, our QFGURs provide a framework to unify three important forms of uncertainty relations, i.e., universal uncertainty relations, the uncertainty principle in the presence of quantum memory, and fine-grained uncertainty relation. This result gives a direct significance to uncertainty principle, and allows us to determine whether a quantum measurement exhibits typical quantum correlations, meanwhile, it reveals a fundamental connection between basic elements of quantum theory, specifically, uncertainty measures, combined outcomes for different measurements, quantum memory, entanglement and EPR steering.
Natural Rubber Modified Asphalt
Authors: Mustafa Kamal Mazlina , Arifin Hadithon Kamarul , Abu Bakar Rohani 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe asphalt binder is modified using natural rubber (NR) based on cup lump to improve its performance and service life due to intense load and weather induced stress. A source of PG 60-70 asphalt was used for preparing a natural rubber modified asphalt, (NRMA). The rheological characteristics of the NRMA was analyzed using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) according to Superpave test protocol. The presence of the NR also was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fouirier infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). Results showed that the conventional properties of the base bitumen such as penetration, softening point, and temperature susceptibility improved with addition of NR. The DSR analysis exhibited that the presence of elastic NR within the bitumen network increases the viscosity, stiffness and reduces temperature susceptibility which consequently enhances the rutting property.
Utilization of 3D Visual Effect Crossing Facility to Enhance Pedestrian Safety
Authors: Gen N L , Ambak K , Othman M H , Yazid M R M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Pedestrian is known as vulnerable road user, therefore proper crossing facility is needed to enhance the pedestrians’ safety. This study is to determine the effect of using 3D visual crossing facility inside the campus and its functionality. This 3D visual effect crossing facility is installed at selected location. The location selection is based on the absence of crossing facility, pedestrian volume and spot speed study. Pedestrian volume was collected by manually while spot speed study was collected using speed gun Apps. The 3D visual effect road crossing then is designed by using the perspective view from the driver height sight. After the installation of road crossing, the hypothesis is tested using chi-square analysis to determine the association between the effect on 85th percentile speed, pedestrians’ behaviour and the 3D visual effect crossing facility. The results of chi-square analysis shows there is a significant (p<0.05) association between speed of vehicles and the installation of 3D visual crossing facility. The results of the analysis revealed that before the installation, the percentage of motorists slow down is 39.7% while the motorists that do not slow down is 66.7%. After 1 week installation, the drivers that do not slow down the speed decrease from 59.52% to 40.48%. As a result, the effect of 3D visual crossing facility shows that the motorists will slow down their vehicle speed, immediately after the installation. However, after familiar with the presence of this facility some motorists are driving as usual without concern to anymore.
The Effects of Weather on University Students’ Activity-Travel Patterns: A Case Study in Batu Pahat, Johore
Authors: Ahmad Termida N , Abang Ismail D E E , Rohani M Md , Daniel B D , Aman M Y , Dharmowijoyo D B E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Weather conditions influencing people’s activity-travel patterns, especially on students that portray more active lifestyles (e.g. conducting outdoor physical activities) than middle-age adult and elderly. However, this effects are still less explored in Malaysia, especially in Parit Raja, Johor. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of weather on students’ activity-travel patterns by analysing the association between weather parameters (temperature and humidity) and students’ activity-travel patterns in terms of travel time, number of trips, mode choice, and activity duration with regard to mandatory (e.g. study on campus) and non- mandatory (e.g. leisure and routine) activities. Initially, a total of 110 students were selected randomly among the undergraduate students of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). However, only 101 students were participated in this study. A one-day of weekday and one-day of weekend activity-travel data were collected by using stated and revealed preferences approach through travel diary and questionnaire instruments. Temperature and humidity hourly data were obtained from the internet sources. The obtained data was analysed by using SPSS software version 23 that include descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression as the model for analysis method. The results show that the number of trips, activity duration and travel time are much higher in weekday compared to weekend. The students preferred to use cars as their main modes to travel. Temperature significantly affect students’ activity-travel patterns in all activities. Mandatory activity-travel patterns is not affected by the weather attributes but otherwise for non-mandatory activity-travel patterns in terms of number of trips. However, all the effects are considered small, based on the adjusted R
2.