bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood clot fracture properties are dependent on red blood cell and fibrin content
Authors: Fereidoonnezhad Behrooz , Dwivedi Anushree , Johnson Sarah , McCarthy Ray , McGarry Patrick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThrombus fragmentation during endovascular stroke treatment, such as mechanical thrombectomy, leads to downstream emboli, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Clinical studies suggest that fragmentation risk is dependent on clot composition. This current study presents the first experimental characterization of the fracture properties of blood clots, in addition to the development of a predictive model for blood clot fragmentation. A bespoke experimental test-rig and compact tension specimen fabrication has been developed to measure fracture toughness of thrombus material. Fracture tests are performed on three physiologically relevant clot compositions: a high fibrin 5% H clot, a medium fibrin 20% H clot, a low-fibrin 40% H clot. Fracture toughness is observed to significantly increase with increasing fibrin content, i.e. red blood cell-rich clots are more prone to tear during loading compared to the fibrin-rich clots. Results also reveal that the mechanical behaviour of clot analogues is significantly different in compression and tension. Finite element cohesive zone modelling of clot fracture experiments show that fibrin fibres become highly aligned in the direction perpendicular to crack propagation, providing a significant toughening mechanism. The results presented in this study provide the first characterization of the fracture behaviour of blood clots and are of key importance for development of next-generation thrombectomy devices and clinical strategies.
A novel subset of follicular helper-like MAIT cells has capacity for B cell help and antibody production in the mucosa
Authors: Jensen Owen , Trivedi Shubhanshi , Meier Jeremy D. , Fairfax Keke , Hale J. Scott , Leung Daniel T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that aid in protection against bacterial pathogens at mucosal surfaces via release of inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. Recent evidence suggests MAIT cells are capable of providing B cell help. In this study, we describe a previously unreported population of CXCR5+T follicular helper (Tfh)-like MAIT cells, MAITfh, that have the capacity to provide B cell help within mucosal lymphoid organs. MAITfh cells are preferentially located near germinal centers in human tonsils and express the classical Tfh-associated transcription factor, B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL-6), co-stimulatory markers, inducible T cell costimulatory (ICOS) and programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), and cytokines, interleukin (IL)-21. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of MAIT cells to provide B cell helpin vivofollowing mucosal challenge withVibrio cholerae. Specifically, we show that adoptive transfer of MAIT cells intoαβT cell-deficient mice promoted B cell differentiation and increased serumV. cholerae-specific IgA responses. Our data demonstrate the capacity of MAIT cells to participate in adaptive immune responses, and suggest that MAIT cells may be potential targets for mucosal vaccines.One Sentence SummaryWe identified and characterized a novel subset of T follicular helper-like MAIT (MAITfh) cells that has the capacity to provide B cell help, and show the sufficiency of MAIT cells to promote production of pathogen-specific IgA antibodies and B cell differentiation in mucosal challenge.
Enhancing biological signals and detection rates in single-cell RNA-seq experiments with cDNA library equalization
Authors: Bacher Rhonda , Chu Li-Fang , Argus Cara , Bolin Jennifer M. , Knight Parker , Thomson James A. , Stewart Ron , Kendziorski Christina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConsiderable effort has been devoted to refining experimental protocols having reduced levels of technical variability and artifacts in single-cell RNA-sequencing data (scRNA-seq). We here present evidence that equalizing the concentration of cDNA libraries prior to pooling, a step not consistently performed in single-cell experiments, improves gene detection rates, enhances biological signals, and reduces technical artifacts in scRNA-seq data. To evaluate the effect of equalization on various protocols, we developed Scaffold, a simulation framework that models each step of an scRNA-seq experiment. Numerical experiments demonstrate that equalization reduces variation in sequencing depth and gene-specific expression variability. We then performed a set of experiments in vitro with and without the equalization step and found that equalization increases the number of genes that are detected in every cell by 17-31%, improves discovery of biologically relevant genes, and reduces nuisance signals associated with cell cycle. Further support is provided in an analysis of publicly available data.
Auto-inhibition of Cnn binding to γ-TuRCs prevents ectopic microtubule nucleation and cell division defects
Authors: Tovey Corinne A. , Tsuji Chisato , Egerton Alice , Bernard Fred , Guichet Antoine , de la Roche Marc , Conduit Paul T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstractγ-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRCs) nucleate microtubules. They are recruited to centrosomes in dividing cells via binding to N-terminal CM1 domains within γ-TuRC-tethering proteins, includingDrosophilaCnn. Binding promotes microtubule nucleation and is restricted to centrosomes in dividing cells, but the mechanism regulating binding remains unknown. Here we identify an extreme N-terminal “CM1 auto-inhibition” (CAI) domain found specifically within the centrosomal isoform of Cnn (Cnn-C) that inhibits γ-TuRC binding. Robust binding occurs after removal of the CAI domain or with the addition of phospho-mimetic mutations, suggesting that phosphorylation helps relieve inhibition. We show that regulation of Cnn binding to γ-TuRCs is isoform-specific and that mis-regulation of binding can result in ectopic cytosolic microtubules and major defects during cell division. We also find that human CDK5RAP2 is auto-inhibited from binding γ-TuRCs, suggesting conservation across species. Overall, our results shed light on how and why CM1 domain binding to γ-TuRCs is regulated.Summary (for the online JCB table of contents and alerts)We show that auto-inhibition regulates the binding between microtubule nucleating complexes and proteins that tether them to sites of microtubule nucleation. Failure to properly regulate this binding can lead to ectopic cytosolic microtubule nucleation and major defects during cell division.
Hsf1 is SUMOylated in the activated trimeric state
Authors: Kmiecik Szymon W. , Drzewicka Katarzyna , Melchior Frauke , Mayer Matthias P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe heat shock response (HSR) is a transcriptional program of organisms to counteract an imbalance in protein homeostasis. It is orchestrated in all eukaryotic cells by heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1). Despite very intensive research, the intricacies of the Hsf1 activation-attenuation cycle remain elusive at a molecular level. Posttranslational modifications belong to one of the key mechanisms proposed to adapt the Hsf1 activity to the needs of individual cells and phosphorylation of Hsf1 at multiple sites has attracted much attention. According to cell biological and proteomics data, Hsf1 is also modified by SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) at several sites. How SUMOylation affects Hsf1 activity at a molecular level is still unclear. Here, we analyzed Hsf1 SUMOylationin vitrowith purified components to address questions that could not be answered in cell culture models.In vitroHsf1 is primarily conjugated at lysine 298 with a single SUMO, though we did detect low level SUMOylation at other sites. None of the tested E3 SUMO ligases increased SUMOylation efficacy as compared to the level in the presence of high concentrations of the E2 Ubc9. We provide evidence that Hsf1 trimerization and phosphorylation at serines 303 and 307 increases SUMOylation efficiency, suggesting that Hsf1 is SUMOylated in its activated state. Hsf1 can be SUMOylated when DNA-bound, and SUMOylation of Hsf1 does neither alter DNA binding affinity nor does it affect Hsc70 and DnaJB1-mediated monomerization of Hsf1 trimers and concomitant dislocation from DNA. We propose that SUMOylation acts at the transcription level of the HSR.
Proposed resilience index of water lifeline systems
Authors: Carandang Abraham Matthew Sagum , Garciano Lessandro Estelito O. , Maruyama Osamu , De Jesus Richard 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Water distribution networks (WDNs) must deliver water to its customers 24/7. Disruption of this important service after a strong seismic event impedes post-disaster activities and poses health and sanitation problems. Hence, WDNs must be able to quickly restore services after the occurrence of a major seismic event. This ability to return the water service can be a metric for resilience. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the resilience by developing a framework that translates various restoration strategies into an improved resilience measure for a multisource WDN.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper used a quantitative risk assessment method in developing the framework for the resilience quantification of WDN. Prim’s algorithm, Horn’s algorithm and maximum slope method are used for the restoration analysis conducted in this study.

Findings
This paper provides resilience indices of the WDN for each repair scenarios. Then, the resilience indices are used to determine the most efficient and optimized repair scenario to restore the hypothetically damaged WDN owing to Level 1 and Level 2 seismic events.

Research limitations/implications
The developed framework of this study only focuses on the robustness, rapidity and resourcefulness properties of resilience.

Practical implications
This study aims to help the water district in the maintenance, repair and evaluation of WDN against seismic events. The results from the study can be used in preparing the disaster management plan of the local water district to repair possible pipelines. This study also serves as a starting point to more complex and comprehensive research about the resilience quantification of WDNs with the consideration of optimal restoration sequence in the future.

Originality/value
The developed framework in the resilience quantification of WDN is original, as it uses optimal restoration strategies to represent the rapidity property of resilience.
Caching strategy for Web application – a systematic literature review
Authors: Zulfa Mulki Indana , Hartanto Rudy , Permanasari Adhistya Erna 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Internet users and Web-based applications continue to grow every day. The response time on a Web application really determines the convenience of its users. Caching Web content is one strategy that can be used to speed up response time. This strategy is divided into three main techniques, namely, Web caching, Web prefetching and application-level caching. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a literature review of caching strategy research that can be used in Web-based applications.

Design/methodology/approach
The methods used in this paper were as follows: determined the review method, conducted a review process, pros and cons analysis and explained conclusions. The review method is carried out by searching literature from leading journals and conferences. The first search process starts by determining keywords related to caching strategies. To limit the latest literature in accordance with current developments in website technology, search results are limited to the past 10 years, in English only and related to computer science only.

Findings
Note in advance that Web caching and Web prefetching are slightly overlapping techniques because they have the same goal of reducing latency on the user’s side. But actually, the two techniques are motivated by different basic mechanisms. Web caching uses the basic mechanism of cache replacement or the algorithm to change cache objects in memory when the cache capacity is full, whereas Web prefetching uses the basic mechanism of predicting cache objects that can be accessed in the future. This paper also contributes practical guidelines for choosing the appropriate caching strategy for Web-based applications.

Originality/value
This paper conducts a state-of-the art review of caching strategies that can be used in Web applications. Exclusively, this paper presents taxonomy, pros and cons of selected research and discusses data sets that are often used in caching strategy research. This paper also provides another contribution, namely, practical instructions for Web developers to decide the caching strategy.
The changing returns on IT investment
Authors: Fang Jing , Liu Xiaowei , Qu Wen Guang 
Published: October 2020

PurposePrior IT productivity research usually assumes constant returns on IT investment. This study suggests that the impact of IT investment on productivity may not be constant but may change with the IT investment scale and over time. Specifically, we divide IT investment into commercial IT and in-house IT and investigate their changing impacts on industry labor productivity.Design/methodology/approachA model of the productivity impacts of commercial IT and in-house IT with changing effects of scale and over time is developed and empirically tested based on industry-level panel data from the US. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).FindingsThe returns on commercial IT investment increase with scale but decrease over time, while the returns on in-house IT increase over time.Originality/valueThis study provides a new perspective for IT productivity research by investigating the changing productivity impacts of IT investment. It also suggests that commercial IT and in-house IT should be distinguished, as they have different impacts on productivity.
Budgetary responses to a global pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Poljašević Jelena , Grbavac Josipa , Mikerević Dragan 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to show the impact of the pandemic on the budget of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) as a developing country. It also aims to give an answer as to how BiH politicians used budgetary measures to respond to the pandemic and what key economic factors influenced the design of those measures.Design/methodology/approachThe study conducted detailed analyses of budgets at level of central government, as well as other publicly available documents of relevant governments bodies, international statistics and media reports up to the end of June 2020.FindingsDecline of economic activity and a number of budgetary measures adopted by central BiH authorities under the influence of characteristics of BiH economy, characteristics of public finance and available source of funding, resulted in less government revenues and sizable government expenditures to assist the economy and public health system. The fiscal stability achieved over the past years and low level of debt allowed BiH authorities to build a deficit into the rebalanced budget. Most of the deficit was covered with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) assistance and in part also through internal borrowing and with surpluses/ deferral revenues from the previous year.Research limitations/implicationsAt this point, it is impossible to predict what kind of impact the pandemic-related crisis will have on BiH public finances and whether further economic interventions will be needed.Originality/valueThis paper shows the measures that developing country governments dependent on external funding sources can take in times of crisis and what their impact is on the budget.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils: An overview on sample preparation, determination strategies, and relative abundance of prevalent compounds
Authors: Sánchez‐Arévalo Carmen M. , Olmo‐García Lucía , Fernández‐Sánchez Jorge F. , Carrasco‐Pancorbo Alegría 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are food contaminants whose presence in foodstuffs is especially alarming due to their carcinogenic character. These substances are highly lipophilic and thus, unsafe levels of these compounds have been found in edible fats and oils. Efficient methodologies to determine such molecules in lipidic matrixes are therefore essential. In this review, a detailed description of the analytical methods for the determination of PAHs in vegetable oils from the last 15 years has been provided. Particular emphasis has been placed on innovative sample treatments, which facilitate and shorten the pretreatment of the oils. Finally, results from recent investigations have been reviewed and studied in depth, in order to elucidate which PAHs are most commonly found in vegetable oils.
The making of a city campus
Authors: Freestone Robert , Pullan Nicola , Saniga Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCampus spatial development has attracted relatively little scholarly research, yet through time major moves reflect and interact with broader policy, design, and societal trends. The city campus as a high‐density, mixed‐use knowledge precinct has emerged as a distinctive type. Its growing prominence points to the convergence of interdependent trends in urban life, higher education, and economic growth. This article describes, contextualises, and reflects upon the physical evolution of the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) in central Sydney. The narrative identifies several distinct development phases: from the urban renewal of a rundown inner‐city precinct through comprehensive replanning following the tenets of high modernism, then adaptive reuse and heritage conservation, to architectural design excellence. In the process, it has become an Australian exemplar of a “tech transformed” contemporary city campus.
Mutualism between antagonists: its ecological and evolutionary implications
Authors: ZHANG Zhibin , YAN Chuan , ZHANG Hongmao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMutualism or antagonism between species is often investigated within the framework of monotonic interactions of either mutualism or antagonism, but studies on transition from mutualism to antagonism (within the context of nonmonotonic interactions) have been largely ignored. In this paper, through a brief review and synthesis, we highlighted the role of mutualism between antagonists in regulating the ecological and evolutionary processes, as well as maintaining the stability and complexity of ecosystems. Mutualism between antagonistic species represents the density‐dependent transition between mutualism and antagonism, which is beneficial to species coexistence and stability of complex ecosystems; thus, it should be favored by natural selection. Species may face selection of conflicting pressure on functional traits in co‐balancing mutualism and antagonism, which may result in evolution of the dual character of species with moderate mutualistic or antagonistic traits. Coevolution and co‐balance of these traits are driving forces in shaping mutualism–antagonism systems. Rewards for mutualists, punishment for exploiters, and competition of meta‐communities are essential in stabilizing mutualism between antagonists. We appeal for more studies on mutualism between antagonists and its ecological and evolutionary implications by expanding the conventional ecological studies from monotonic to nonmonotonic regimes.
The effects of reporting frameworks and a company’s financial position on managers’ willingness to invest in corporate social responsibility projects
Authors: Chen Yasheng , Jermias Johnny , Nazari Jamal A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study examines how companies’ voluntary adoption of a particular CSR framework affects their managers’ decision‐making, especially when they are faced with a dilemma whereby maximising environmental benefits means a reduction in financial returns. The results show that investment in CSR projects is significantly higher when companies report under a stand‐alone CSR reporting framework, as this framework provides the opportunity to highlight the benefits of CSR investment. In contrast, an integrated reporting framework encourages disclosure of benefits and costs, whereas the financial statement framework limits disclosure of CSR activities, and both result in lower investment in CSR projects.
Adolescent income and binge drinking initiation: prospective evidence from the MyLife study
Authors: Brunborg Geir Scott , von Soest Tilmann , Burdzovic Andreas Jasmina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsNo previous studies have examined the prospective association between disposable income and binge‐drinking initiation among adolescents. We aimed to examine whether there is such an association and, if so, whether it is robust to confounders, uniform across individual characteristics and linear versus non‐linear.DesignProspective study of adolescents from 32 middle schools, stratified according to geographic location, urban and rural locations and standard of living. Adolescents were assessed in 2017 (T1) and 1 year later (T2).SettingNorway.ParticipantsA nation‐wide sample of 1845 adolescents (mean age 13.5 years, 44% boys) with no binge‐drinking experience at T1.MeasurementsData were collected on binge drinking at T1 and T2. Data on disposable income and on a range of demographic, individual and family factors were collected at T1.FindingsOverall, 7.2% initiated binge drinking between T1 and T2. Logistic regression showed that the crude linear effect of disposable income on binge drinking initiation was substantial, and only slightly attenuated in the fully adjusted model including all putative confounders [odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08, 1.31, P < 0.001]. However, interaction analyses showed disposable income to be negatively related to binge drinking initiation for adolescents who had experienced light drinking at T1 (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.49, 0.89, P = 0.006) or who had seen their mothers intoxicated [OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.39, 0.99, P = 0.043).ConclusionNorwegian adolescents with higher disposable income have a greater risk of subsequent binge drinking initiation than those with lower disposable income. Each additional 100 NOK (≈ €10) of weekly income increased the risk of binge drinking initiation in the following year by approximately 20%.
Clinical evaluation of rapid 3D print‐formed implants for surgical reconstruction of large cranial defects
Authors: Kwarcinski Jeremy , Boughton Philip , van Gelder James , Damodaran Omprakash , Doolan Alessandra , Ruys Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo clinically evaluate 3D print‐formed implant process, using cranioplasty as a proof of concept, to examine its effectiveness and utility as a method of intraoperative implant fabrication.MethodsTwelve patients had a 3D print‐formed template created for patient‐specific implant manufacture. Of these patients, 10 received intraoperatively formed polymethylmethacrylate cranioplasty implants between 2013 and 2019. The 3D print‐formed implant templates produced to manufacture these patient‐specific implants were generated using patient computed tomography scans and 3D printed using fused deposition modelling technology. Cosmetic and functional results were determined by participating surgeons, in conjunction with a patient questionnaire.ResultsThe functional results and stability of the implants were deemed to be favourable by participating surgeons. Three of the 10 patients completed a post‐cranioplasty survey, all of whom judged their cosmetic results as good or excellent. At time of writing, the rate of surgical revision was zero and without clinically adverse outcomes.Conclusions3D print‐formed implants are an effective method of patient‐specific implant formation.