bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional variation in states’ naloxone accessibility laws in association with opioid overdose death rates-Observational study (STROBE compliant)
Authors: You Hyo-Sun , Ha Jane , Kang Cyra-Y. , Kim Leeseul , Kim Jinah , Shen Jay J. , Park Seong-Min , Chun Sung-Youn , Hwang Jinwook , Yamashita Takashi , Lee Se Won , Dounis Georgia , Lee Yong-Jae , Han Dong-Hun , Byun David , Yoo Ji Won , Kang Hee-Taik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Though overall death from opioid overdose are increasing in the United States, the death rate in some states and population groups is stabilizing or even decreasing. Several states have enacted a Naloxone Accessibility Laws to increase naloxone availability as an opioid antidote. The extent to which these laws permit layperson distribution and possession varies. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in provisions of Naloxone Accessibility Laws by states mainly in the Northeast and West regions, and the impact of naloxone availability on the rates of drug overdose deaths.
This cross-sectional study was based on the National Vital Statistics System multiple cause-of-death mortality files. The average changes in drug overdose death rates between 2013 and 2017 in relevant states of the Northeast and West regions were compared according to availability of naloxone to laypersons.
Seven states in the Northeast region and 10 states in the Western region allowed layperson distribution of naloxone. Layperson possession of naloxone was allowed in 3 states each in the Northeast and the Western regions. The average drug overdose death rates increased in many states in the both regions regardless of legalization of layperson naloxone distribution. The average death rates of 3 states that legalized layperson possession in the West region decreased (-0.33 per 100,000 person); however, in states in the West region that did not allow layperson possession and states in the Northeast region regardless of layperson possession increased between 2013 and 2017.
The provision to legalize layperson possession of naloxone was associated with decreased average opioid overdose death rates in 3 states of the West region.
The “Warrior” system: a new useful emergency simulator to train clinical pharmacists in emergency medicine
Authors: Huang Cong , Wang Yang-yang , Zhou Jing-jie , Liu Yan-fei , He Xin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Clinical pharmacists are indispensable providers of emergency medical services. However, the training of Chinese clinical pharmacists in medical emergency skills is apparently insufficient.
The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of the “Warrior” emergency simulator application in the emergency medical education of clinical pharmacy students (CP students).
The “Warrior” system, which contains a pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics-linked model and a drug database, was successfully employed to train CP students and improve their capability to deal with various medical emergency situations. Both an objective (in-class) test and the subjective Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) were administered to 20 CP students, randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group, to estimate the teaching effect of the “Warrior” system.
The scores of CP students from the intervention group were significantly higher (P < .01) in the in-class test than the scores of students from the control group due to the diverse situational teaching using the “Warrior” system. The results of the DREEM showed that CP students from the intervention group obtained considerably better (P < .01) marks for “students’ perceptions of learning” and “students’ perceptions of atmosphere” than those from the control group. Furthermore, the intervention group scored much higher (P < .01) than the control group on the total DREEM.
The “Warrior” system provides an excellent training path for clinical pharmacists that supplies a more realistic clinical simulation experience and significantly improves the teaching effect. The “Warrior” system exhibits high potential for future development in emergency medical education.
Intraocular deposits and cataracts after long-term rifabutin intake
Authors: Harada Kohei , Uematsu Masafumi , Ueki Ryotaro , Kusano Mao , Yamada Yoshihisa , Mohamed Yasser Helmy , Kitaoka Takashi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Rifabutin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic known to cause deposits on the corneal endothelium and lens. We report a patient in whom cataracts developed and progressive pigment deposits were seen on the corneal endothelium, lens, and iridocorneal angle.

Patient concerns:
The patient was a 45-year-old woman who had been received long-term treatment with a combination of various anti-mycobacterial drugs for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis starting in 2004. Rifabutin was started in 2009, and she was referred to our department in 2017 for detailed ophthalmological examination.

Diagnoses:
Both eyes showed pigmented deposits over the entire corneal endothelium, the entire periphery of the iridocorneal angle, and the anterior surface of the lens. Mild cataracts were also diagnosed bilaterally. Pigment deposits on the anterior surface of the lens and the cataracts in both eyes gradually progressed. These lesions were assumed to be associated with long term rifabutin intake.

Interventions:
Rifabutin intake was discontinued after progression of intraocular deposits, cataracts, and ERG deterioration.

Outcomes:
Visual acuity improved, although cataracts, deposits, and ERG deterioration remained.

Lessons:
Rifabutin may induce not only corneal endothelial deposits, but also cataracts and iridocorneal angle deposits.
Observational study on effectiveness and safety of integrative Korean medicine treatment for inpatients with sciatica due to lumbar intervertebral disc herniation
Authors: Lee Yoon Jae , Kim Jongho , Kim Me-riong , Kim Joowon , Kim Min-Young , Cho Hyun-Woo , Lee Sook-Hyun , Ha Inhyuk 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We developed a protocol for a prospective registry to prove the effectiveness and safety of integrative Korean medicine treatment for inpatients with sciatica due to lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. We plan on recruiting 1000 inpatients receiving integrative Korean medicine treatment for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation at four spine specialized Korean medical hospitals. Patients enrolled in the registry will be evaluated at the time of hospitalization, 2 weeks after hospitalization, at discharge, and 6 months after hospitalization on predefined outcome variables such as intensity of back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index, quality of life, Patient Global Impression of Change, and adverse effects. The protocol of this study was registered in CRIS (KCT0003709) and Clinical trial gov (NCT03750591). This study is significant in that it cannot only be a basis for safety-related evidence of complementary alternative medicine, which has been lacking, but it also gives clear evidence on the effectiveness and validity of treatment effects such as accompaniment of stenosis, sex, age, and type of disc herniation.
Rehabilitative management of an infant with Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease
Authors: Jang Yun-Chol , Mun Bo-ra , Choi In Sung , Song Min-Keun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease (PMD) is an X-linked recessive trait and a rare disease characterized by abnormal myelin formation in the central nervous system. Since Pelizaeus and Merzbacher reported the pathology of PMD in the 1990s most studies have examined pharmacological treatments. No studies have reported the effects of rehabilitation on patients with PMD aimed at improving their functional abilities. We report the first case of improved development after rehabilitation in a patient with Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease.

Patient concerns:
A 1-month-boy developed focal seizures, nystagmus, and jerky head movements. He was brought to our outpatient clinic for rehabilitation of developmental delay at 11 months of age. He showed hypotonia, nystagmus, and developmental delay of 4 to 5 months in his gross and fine motor ability.

Diagnoses:
Developmental delay in a patient with PMD.

Interventions:
A child with PMD was hospitalized 3 times for 3 months and underwent rehabilitation to improve developmental delay. Developmental assessments were conducted before and after each admission for rehabilitation training.

Outcomes:
Before training, the patient was unable to maintain a sitting position. After the first and second training sessions, his gross motor ability had improved, and he could sit with a mild assist. Fine motor function also improved. Before training, the patient was able to transfer a cube from one hand to the other. After training, he could perform a pincher grasp.

Lessons:
Rehabilitation training can help PMD patients achieve maximal function and catch-up in their growth.
Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression for the treatment of intraspinal tophaceous gout
Authors: Chen Xinji , Xu Guokang , Hu Qingfeng , Zhao Tingxiao , Bi Qing , Huang Yazeng , Shao Haiyu , Zhang Jun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Intraspinal tophaceous gout is relatively rare condition presenting with major clinical manifestations, such as spinal cord or nerve roots compressions (radiculopathy). It is usually difficult to differentiate intraspinal tophaceous gout, lumbar disc herniation, stenosis of spinal canal, ossification of ligamentum flavum, and other degenerative spinal disorders from each other.

Patient concerns:
A 64-year-old man was admitted with a history of progressive low back pain for 11 months. He also presented with radiculopathy and numbness of his left lower extremity.

Diagnoses:
Preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed L4/5 disc herniation and lateral recess stenosis on the left side. During the operation of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression, intraspinal chalky white material was seen. Post-operative pathologic results confirmed the diagnosis of gouty tophi.

Interventions:
Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression was performed as treatment. Intraspinal chalky white material was seen. We removed most of the chalky white material and extruded nucleus.

Outcomes:
His symptom subsided rapidly and no deterioration was noted 1 year post-operatively.

Lessons:
Although intraspinal tophaceous gout is not commonly seen, clinicians should take it into consideration as a possible differential diagnosis when the patient exhibits axial pain or neurological deficits with risk factors of gout. We identified and treated this case with percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression for the first time and got an excellent outcome. Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic surgery proved to be an effective and minimally invasive alternative for identifying and treating intraspinal tophaceous gout.
Thromboprophylaxis in elective spinal surgery
Authors: Colomina María J. , Bagó Joan , Pérez-Bracchiglione Javier , Nishishinya Aquino Maria Betina , Salas Karla R. , Requeijo Carolina , Urrútia Gerard 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious, sometimes life-threatening complication that can occur following spine surgery. The incidence of VTE, and the optimal type and timing of thromboprophylaxis for this complication in elective spine surgery is a matter of debate.

Objective:
To perform a systematic review with the aim of clarifying the efficacy and adverse effects of mechanical and chemical prophylaxis for preventing thromboembolic complications in elective spine surgery for conditions other than trauma and malignant disease.

Methods/design:
A search strategy of related articles up to March 2018 was designed and executed in Medline and Embase. Patients: adolescents (>10 years) and adults undergoing elective surgery for spinal deformity or degenerative disease (from C1 to S1). Intervention: Perioperative mechanical and chemical thromboprophylaxis. Studies could be randomized controlled trials or observational studies that reported data on any relevant clinical outcomes.

Results:
In total, 2451 uniquecitations were identified and 35 studies were ultimately included in the systematic review. The overall mean incidence of complications was 3.7% for deep venous thrombosis, 0.0% for pulmonary embolism, and 3.7% for bleeding in chemoprophylaxis group; 2.9% for deep venous thrombosis, 0.4% for pulmonary embolism and 0.0% for bleeding in mechanoprophylaxis; and 0.7% for deep venous thrombosis, 0.1% for pulmonary embolism and 0.2% for bleeding in mixed prophylaxis group with no specific data on these rates for the type of patient and type and location of surgery. None of the articles retrieved provided information on the adolescent population.

Discussion and Conclusions:
The poor design and high variability among the studies regarding characteristics of study population, details of interventions, and definitions of outcomes, determines a low quality of the available evidence and limits the interpretation of the results. We were unable to identify a clear advantage of one type of thromboprophylaxis over the other, although there was an increased risk of bleeding with chemoprophylaxis, which could favor the use of mechanoprophylaxis in this scenario.
Efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation and fluoxetine in the treatment of postpartum depression
Authors: Guo Yan-Jun , Shan Yong-Ming , Wang Zhi-Jian , Shen Zhong-Fei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Numerous studies have reported that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and fluoxetine is used in the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD). Currently, no study has systematically investigated the efficacy and safety of TMS and fluoxetine for the treatment of patients with PPD. Thus, this study will assess the efficacy and safety of TMS and fluoxetine for treating PPD.

Methods:
Relevant studies involving TMS and fluoxetine for the treatment of patients with PPD will be comprehensively searched from the electronic databases from inception to the February 1, 2020: Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDILINE, CINAHL, AMED, WANGFANG, VIP, and CNKI databases. No language and publication time restrictions will be applied. RevMan 5.3 software will be utilized for data pooling, data analysis, and risk of bias evaluation. If necessary, we will also assess reporting bias using funnel plot and Egger test.

Results:
This study will comprehensively summarize the existing evidence to assess the efficacy and safety of TMS and fluoxetine for treating PPD.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study may help to establish a better approach to treat PPD using TMS and fluoxetine.

Dissemination and ethics:
This study will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal. This study does not need ethical approval as no primary patient data will be used.

Systematic review registration:
INPLASY202040017.
Acupuncture and moxibustion for pain relief and quality of life improvement in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Cheng Shirui , Zhou Jun , Xu Guixing , Xin Ming , Cheng Ying , Qu Yuzhu , Zhou Yuanfang , Liu Mi , Chang Xiaorong , Liu Mailan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in pain relief and quality of life improvement of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients.Methods:The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Nation Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, the Chongqing VIP from inception to May 1, 2020. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) used acupuncture or moxibustion to relieve pain and improve quality of life (QoL) among KOA patients will be included. Study selection, data extraction, quality assessment and assessment of risk bias will be performed by 2 reviewers independently. Data synthesis will be performed using Review Manager V5.3 software. A meta-analysis will be performed when there is sufficient available data.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42020169724
Clinical observation of Dan-Hong Hua-Yu oral solution in treating retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Li Tie-Jun , Sun Yu-Chen , Ma Qiu-Yan , Wu Yan , Yang Chao , Zhang Nan , Yang Yue , Yang Ying-Xin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Retinal vein occlusion refers to diseases with decreased vision, dilated tortuous retinal veins visible on the fundus, and retinal hemorrhage, edema, and osmosis distributed along the vein. There is still no ideal intervention to treat central retinal vein occlusion. This study plan to observe the efficacy of Dan-Hong Hua-Yu oral solution in treating non-ischemic retinal vein occlusion, in order to provide new treatment ideas.

Methods/Design:
We plan to use random number table method, 64 cases of non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion that meet the inclusion criteria will be randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group. The intervention group will be treated with Dan-Hong Hua-Yu oral solution according to the syndrome differentiation of Traditional Chinese medicine and the patient's fundus condition. Each group will take 4 weeks as a course of treatment and three consecutive courses of treatment without any interval during the course of treatment. Changes of visual acuity, fundus performance, and total clinical symptoms of patients before and after treatment will be observed.

Discussion:
This study will observe the efficacy of Dan-Hong Hua-Yu oral solution in the treatment of non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion, with a view to providing new treatment ideas.

Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR2000030625, Registered on March 08, 2020.
Pathologic mallet fracture of distal phalanx enchondroma
Authors: Kim Byungsung , Nho Jae-Hwi , Kim Woo Jong , Park Sungyong , Kim Hak Soo , Kim Jahyung , Kim Hyoung Ye , Jung Ki Jin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Enchondromas arise from cartilaginous cells derived from the physis that persists throughout development. They are difficult to diagnose and are often discovered on radiographs after a trauma.

Patient concerns:
We discuss the case of a 32-year-old woman with a pathologic mallet fracture of the distal phalanx that was initially misdiagnosed as common mallet fracture.

Diagnosis:
Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an eccentrically located lesion expanding to the cortex, with a high signal intensity at T2 weighted image, suggesting pathologic fracture.

Interventions:
We performed a operation, involving curettage and bone grafting. Complete removal of the lesion was confirmed intraoperatively with the image intensifier, and the cavity was irrigated and subsequently filled with allogenous bone and demineralized bone matrix.

Outcomes:
With an uneventful recovery, she gradually return to normal function within 3 months. Her symptoms improved and nearly full range of motion of the finger was seen at 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
Our case of pathologic mallet fracture was misdiagnosed as a simple fracture, suggesting that the mechanism of fracture and radiological diagnosis should be carefully considered.
Recurrent eosinophilic pleuritis caused by sparganum infection
Authors: Fang Liangjie , Wang Yuehong , Gao Qiqi , Yan Bing , Zhou Jianying 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Sparganosis is an infectious disease caused by a larval tapeworm of the genus Spirometra, which commonly invades subcutaneous tissues. Pulmonary and pleural involvement due to sparganum has been rarely reported previously.

Patient concerns:
We herein described a case of recurrent eosinophilic pleuritis in a 24-year-old woman. She was admitted with persistent cough and shortness of breath for more than 1 month. Initial chest computed tomography scan suggested right pleural effusion and diffuse pleural thickening. Slightly elevated eosinophil counts were found in both the peripheral blood and pleural fluid. She underwent right pleurectomy but histological examination failed to obtain an etiological diagnosis. Moreover, eosinophilic pleural effusion re-appeared in the contralateral thoracic cavity one month later. After re-admission, we reviewed her medical history meticulously and found she had a history of ingesting raw snake gallbladders before hospitalization. The final diagnosis was confirmed by the markedly positive reaction against sparganum antigen in both serum and pleural fluid sample.

Diagnosis:
Eosinophilic pleuritis caused by sparganum infection.

Interventions:
After the diagnosis, the patient was treated with praziquantel at 75 mg/kg/d for 3 days.

Outcomes:
Pleural effusion absorbed completely and eosinophil count in peripheral blood returned to normal range. No evidence of recurrent pleural effusion had been observed in over one year of follow-up.

Lessons:
Clinicians need to be aware the possibility of sparganum infection in cases of eosinophilic pleuritis. The specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay remains a useful method in acquiring a rapid diagnosis, especially when histological examination is unable to detect the larvae in the thoracic cavity.
Evaluation on the effect of acupuncture on patients with sepsis-induced myopathy (ACU-SIM pilot study)
Authors: Chen Wei-Tao , Sun Ce , Zhou Ying-Bin , Liu Dong-Hua , Peng Zhi-Long , Chen Jing , Xu Nuo , Lei Yan-Yan , He Jun , Tang Chun-Zhi , Lin Xin-Feng , Xu Neng-Gui , Xian Shao-Xiang , Lu Li-Ming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Sepsis-induced myopathy (SIM) is a disease that causes motor dysfunction in patients with sepsis. There is currently no targeted treatment for this disease. Acupuncture has shown considerable efficacy in the treatment of sepsis and muscle weakness. Therefore, our research aims to explore the effects of acupuncture on the improvement of muscle structure and function in SIM patients and on activities of daily living.

Methods:
The ACU-SIM pilot study is a single-center, propensity-score stratified, assessor-blinded, prospective pragmatic controlled trial (pCT) with a 1-year follow-up period. This study will be deployed in a multi-professional critical care department at a tertiary teaching hospital in Guangzhou, China. Ninety-eight intensive care unit subjects will be recruited and assigned to either the control group or the acupuncture group. Both groups will receive basic treatment for sepsis, and the acupuncture group will additionally receive acupuncture treatment. The primary outcomes will be the rectus femoris cross-sectional area, the Medical Research Council sum-score and time-to-event (defined as all-cause mortality or unplanned readmission to the intensive care unit due to invasive ventilation). The activities of daily living will be accessed by the motor item of the Functional Independence Measure. Recruitment will last for 2 years, and each patient will have a 1-year follow-up after the intervention.

Discussion:
There is currently no research on the therapeutic effects of acupuncture on SIM. The results of this study may contribute to new knowledge regarding early muscle atrophy and the treatment effect of acupuncture in SIM patients, and the results may also direct new approaches and interventions in these patients. This trial will serve as a pilot study for an upcoming multicenter real-world study.

Trial registration:
Chinese Clinical Trials Registry: ChiCTR-1900026308, registered on September 29th, 2019.