bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey and molecular identification of Aspergillus versicolor causing brown rot on imported spruce (Picea canadensis) wood in Karbala province, Iraq and control it using Copper Boron Chromate
Authors: Al-tememe Zeinab A.M. , Lahuf Adnan A. , Kareem Ali. A. , Kadhim Ali A. , AL-Mosawy Muntather M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to survey, molecular diagnosis and assessment effect of Aspergillus versicolor on the imported spruce wood Picea Canadensis Miller. in Karbala province, Iraq, and control it using Chromate Copper boron Chloride (CCB).. Result of survey showed that all imported woods were showing different level of brown rot symptoms in Kerbala province, Iraq. The fungus associated with this symptom was isolated and identified based on its morphological and molecular characterizations as A. versicolor. The deterioration efficiency of the isolated fungus was assessed on wood P. canadensis which showed subsequently a high effectiveness in decomposing wood tested causing a significant reduction in quality. This identification is the first record of this fungus affecting the imported wood P. canadensis Miller. in Kerbala province, Iraq. Furthermore, it was noticed that the growth of A. versicolor was completely inhibited by CCB at concentration (3000 mg/L−1). Moreover, this preservative material provided a complete protection to woods examined for the two periods of incubation (three and six month) with fungal inoculation in addition to occurrence of a significant increase in their thickness and dry weight.
Bioefficiency of some indigenous biocontrol agents against Rhizoctonia solani causing cowpea seed rot and preemergence damping-off
Authors: Abdulmoohsin Rajaa G. , Lahuf Adnan A. , Husain Yasir N. , Hameed Zainab L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to identify the main causal agent of cowpea seed rot and preemergence damping-off in Kerbala province and evaluate some indigenous biocontrol factors in comparison with biological and chemical commercial products in control of the pathogen. The results showed that the main cause of this disease was Rhizoctonia solani where all isolates of this fungus showed a notable pathogenicity. Moreover, all biological agents examined were found to be effective against the pathogen. The maximum inhibition percentages (100 and 89%) were achieved by the commercial products (Beltanol and EM1) while the local biocontrol agents Bacillus cerus and B. subtilis reached 82.66% and 82.22% respectively. However, the third indigenous biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum showed inhibition percentage more than 75% and less than 100%. Additionally, all biological control agents demonstrated a high efficiency in protection of cowpea seeds from R. solani infection. This was through decreasing percentage of seeds rot and pre-emergence damping-off in whole treatments compared with control (the pathogen only). The lowest percentage was reached by B. subtilis and Beltanol (0%) followed by B. cerus (5.6%) then T.harzianum (6.7%) and Em1 (21.7%) respectively. However, in control (the pathogen only) was 50%.
Evaluation of the efficacy of different Neocontinoid insecticides against cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) on eggplant under greenhouse condition
Authors: Mohammadali Mushtak Talib , Alyousuf Aqeel Adnan , Baqir Hussein Ali , Kadhim Ali A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of some neonicotinoid insecticides including, Actara 25 WDG (foliar and soil treatment), Confidor 200 SL, Calypso 480 SC, Polo, Confidor 5 G against cotton whiteflyBemisia tabacion Eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.) during the growing season of 2018. The results revealed that the highest population of the adults was concentrated on the upper leaves at the new growth of the plant, while the majority of nymphs were found on the middle leaves of the plant, and the females preferred to lay the eggs on the upper leaves because the highest proportion of eggs was found on the upper leaves. The foliar application of Actara and confidor were significantly effective against the whiteflies after one day of treatment. While the soil treatments of the Actara and Confidor showed the least efficiency at one day after the treatment; all treatments except Polo were significantly superior over control in decreasing the population of the nymphs at the day 14 after the treatment. Polo did not show any efficiency in the reduction of the number of live nymphs. The data on efficacy of the tested neonicotinoid insecticides against theB. tabacion the eggplant under the greenhouse showed different efficiency according to the treatment method. At one day after the application, foliar spraying of Actara and Calypso were the most efficient; and the efficacy of all tested insecticides increased up to the day 14 after application, and foliar treatment of Actara gave the highest efficacy after 14 days.
Evaluate the ability of Syntaxin genes to enhance resistance against Fusarium virguliforme and Heterodera glycines
Authors: Aljuaifari Wisam A. , Alshimaysawe Usamah A. A. , Mohammed Akeel E. , Al-Abedy Aqeel N. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme is a common and widespread disease across soybean-growing regions worldwide. Experiments were conducted in temperature-controlled water baths in the greenhouse to test the effects of some genes from syntaxin group (SYP22-3 and SYP22-4) on F.virguliforme and the combination of SDS and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). Both genes were tested in different combinations with currently two pathogens to examine their ability to manage studied pathogens. Syntaxin evaluated on soybean seedlings infected with F. virguliforme alone and both F. virguliforme and H. glycines. Results showed that there were significant effects of syntaxin genes to reduce the foliar disease severity on soybean plants. Furthermore, they reduced the number of H. glycines females cysts compared to control. Data analysis did not show any negative effect by syntaxin genes on plant growth.
Genetic variation of some isolates of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolated from different environments
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed A. , Dewan Majeed M. , AL-Abedy Aqeel N. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The study was carried out, in the laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, to isolate and identify six isolates of the fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolated from different environments (seeds, air, plant residues, and soil) in Al-Najaf province, Iraq. The fungal isolates were identified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and determining the nucleotide sequence products of DNA using ITS1 and ITS4 primer pair. Results of analysis of the nucleotide sequences using BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) showed that all the identified isolates of the fungus belong to C. sphaerospermum. A comparison of the nucleotide sequences with those available in the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) revealed that all the identified C. sphaerospermum sequences were previously registered in NCBI.
Biological control of tomato leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata using Chaetomium globosum and some other saprophytic fungi
Authors: Fayyadh Mohammed A. , Yousif Elaf Q. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Plant Protection Department/College of Agriculture/University of Basra between 2016 and 2017.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Chaetomium globosum and some other saprophytic fungi to control of tomato leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata. The result of this study showed that C.globosum, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium spp had a high antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungus A.alternata in dual culture plates. The results of the plastic house experiment showed that disease severity was decreased in tomato plants treated with bio-agent as disease severity run to 21.66% compared to 45% in control treatment (plants treated with A.alternata). Disease severity in other treatments ranged between 23.2-27 %. Infection rate(r)ranged between 0.07-0.09 in bioagent treatment compared to 0.1 in control treatment. It is also showed that C.globosum had a positive effect on plant yield as it reached 332.3g/plant compared to 154.4 g/plant in control treatment.
Questionnaire study of main problems and difficulties that faces the buffalo breeding in the middle of Iraq
Authors: Al-Khazraji W J , AL-Khuzai H M H , AL-Fatlawi Raed W M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The current study was conducted in the middle of Iraq during the period of 21/8/2017 to 30/4/2018 to determine the most important problems that faced buffalo breeding. Ninety questionnaires forms including 21 important questions were distributed to the best 90 breeders selected from buffalo breeders in two locations, 1st location is Um-khashim region which located in AL-Najaf province while the 2nd location was AL-Mehanawia region which located in AL-Qadissya province. The total number of buffalo in herds that studded was 2160 head with average number is 24 head / breeder. Chi-square test was used to determine the significant differences depending on the breeders answers. The results showed that a significant difference (P<0.01) and (P<0.05) in breeders answers for all questions in this study except the answer about the herd size which came convergent with no significant difference. Most of answers of breeders in this questionnaire study came harmonious with previous studies and showed that the general performance is decline in Iraqi buffalo compared with the standard performance and the answers provides us a clear indicator to a real and complex problems which prevent the improving of Iraqi buffalo.
Administration of ketamine with the central and peripheral analgesics for induction of balanced anesthesia in the chicks
Authors: Mousa Y J , Mahmood M B , Mohammad M S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to induce balanced anesthesia characterized by good hypnosis, analgesia and reducing the side effects of the drugs at the same time, so that, the effect of ketamine administration with both morphine and aspirin was studied in 90 chicks at 10-21 day-old and compare it with the positive control group that injected with ketamine alone. Ketamine injection at 7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg, i.m. induce loss of righting reflex (anesthesia or hypnosis) in a dose dependent manner. The onset of anesthesia is decreased and its duration and recovery from anesthesia increased significantly in the groups that administered ketamine and morphine or ketamine and aspirin or ketamine, morphine and aspirin combination when compared to ketamine alone (positive control group). The less onset of anesthesia with enhanced duration and recovery from it were significantly when ketamine injected at 15 mg/kg, i.m. mixed with morphine and aspirin at 5 and 100 mg/kg, i.m., respectively in the chicks. This combination also caused a significantly increased in the analgesic effect through its significant elevation of the voltage after injection when compared with its value before injection as well as the significant increase in the delta voltage. The result of this study recommended the induction of balanced anesthesia, which characterized by good hypnosis and analgesic efficacy through administering ketamine with central (morphine) and peripheral (aspirin) analgesics.
Effect of dietary Zingiber officinalis root powder and vitamin E–selenium on milk yield and its chemical composition in lactating Iraqi female goats
Authors: Al-Musodi M F , Jaafar H M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present study was carried out in aprivate sector farm in kerbala district(100 Km south of Baghdad ) to investigate the effect of Zingiber officinalis root powder supplements and vitamin E –selenium on milk yield and chemical composition in Iraqi lactating goats, twenty four pregnant Iraqi goats at the 2nd month of gestation, were divided into three groups of 8 animals each, The 1st group (control group C) was fed on concentration diet and ad libitum of green grass, The 2nd group (T1) was fed on similar diet and supplemented with 60 g of Zingiber officinalis root powder / kg of concentration diet, while the 3rd group (T2) was fed on similar diet and supplemented with of vitamin E and selenium( 20 IU and 2 mg per Kg. concentration diet respectively ), for 5 month experimental period, The results did revealed significant increasing in milk yield forr (T1and T2) groups as compare with C group, The solid not fat % milk protein %, lactose % percentage were significantly increased in T1 group in comparion with control group, The fat % percentage was significantly increased in T2 group as comparated with The C group.
Effect of of supplementation of different levels of Hayicinth (Einhhornia Crassipes) powder on villi of Jejunum of Broilers Chicks
Authors: Alshukri A Y , Al-Saegh A A , Areaaer A H , Al-kassar A A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of addition the different levels of Hayicinth (Einhhornia Crassipes) instead of barely in diet on Jejunum of villi of broilers, The experiment was carried out in the Animal Prodcction Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa, associated with the department of medical laborites Sciences / laboratory of Histology and Anatomy. A total of 300 broiler Ross type, one day age, were divided into 5 groups, each group contain 60 birds. They were subjected to five treatments as following:-group (T1): control in which they were given normal diet without any additions, Group (T2): were given 25 % of Hayicinth (Einhhornia Crassipes ) in diet daily, Group (T3): were given 50 % of Hayicinth (Einhhornia Crassipes ) in diet daily, Group (T4): were given 75 % of Hayicinth (Einhhornia Crassipes ) in diet daily and Group (T5): which were given 100 % of Hayicinth (Einhhornia Crassipes ) in diet daily. The treatment started at the beginning of one day old of age till 5 weeks. At the end of treatment a portion of Jejunum was taken for histological examination of villi. The histological examination revealed that Group (T1) control showed normal structure for the villi in the 4 main layer, while, Group (T2) had long villi, mucosa had damage in some metaplasia, epical villi was damaged and serosa with smooth muscle was regular and edematous. Group (T3) revealed long, thick hypertrophy villi, mucosa and sub mucosa was edematous and damaged, while, serosa had irregular fiber smooth muscle, intestinal glands was irregular in shape and epical villi was damaged. However, Group (T4) deducted long thin lamina properia with complete damage of mucosa, Filamentous sub mucosa without muscle fiber and intestinal glands were irregular in shape, while, Group (T5) showed sever damage of mucosa and sub mucosa, filamentous lamina properia, intestinal glands showed sever hypertrophy and irregularity in shape with some glands were damaged with cytoplasm lost its appearance and nucleus lost its shape while, serosa showed irregular muscle fiber and edematous. It was concluded that the addition of Hayicinth (Einhhornia crassipes) had adverse effect on the structure of villi of Jejunum of broiler chicks which was a dose dependent.
Effect of electric stimulation on histological traits and color of carcasses in old duck and chicken
Authors: Al-Hmedawy N K , Al-Asadi M H , Al-Hilphy A R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The effect of electric stimulation on some quantitative character of old duck and chicken carcasses were the main aim of the present study. The device for measuring meat tenderness was designed at department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, and University of Basrah. A total of 36 old duck and same number of spent layer chickens aged78.21 week’s birds were slaughtered with knife manually. They de-feathered, and all internal organs were removed. Carcasses were divided into three groups, the control group (no electric stimulation), the second treatment group (electric conductivity 3.67 V/cm) with low voltage [110 volt]) and 1% saline solution, the third treatment group (7.33 V/cm) with 220 V voltage and 1% saline solution. Traits were measured at 25 min, 6 hrs and 24 hrs after electric stimulation. The carcasses were stored for 30 and 60 days. The following histological parameters were determined; sarcomere length, muscle fiber length, muscle fibres breaking index and color. The results indicated that length of sarcomere and muscle fibre breaking index were significantly(P≤0.05) affected by electric stimulation, because there was an increase in sarcomere length and muscle fiber breaking index of third treatment in chicken with an increasing interval of time. There was a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in muscle fiber diameter in electric stimulation treatment three (duck and chicken) with the time progress. Duck differed significantly when compared to chicken. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of electric stimulation on color lightness (L). Duck appeared to be darker in color than chicken. Treatment group three revealed blue coloration at 25min, 60 days in both duck and chicken. Whereas other treatment groups showed yellowness (b) color. Similarly, stimulation affected color redness (a) where all groups showed greenish except 30 and 60 day intervals, their color was reddish and value of (a) of duck was less than of chicken. Electric stimulation (especially 220 V voltage) improve meat tenderness of both chicken and duck.
Effect of adding some medical plants on some productive performance traits of Japanese Quail.
Authors: Mossa Riyed K. , Al-Asadi Majid H. , Saleh Mohammed H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted in the field quail of the Agriculture College/University of Basrah for the period from 24/11/2018 to 04/01/2019 to study the effect of adding different levels of dietary Marjoram (Origanumvulgarae) and (Rosmarinus officinalisL) on some productive of Japanese Quail in the study (450) chick. Unsexed one day old chicks were used at an initial weight 8.5 g. The chicks were randomly distributed into Ten treatments each treatment contained 45 chicks with three replicates each one has 15 chicks, the treatments as the following T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10 (Control, Adding 5 g powder of marjoram leaves from one day to 21 days, Add 5 g of marjoram powder from the age of 22 to 42 days, Adding 5 g of rosemary leaves powder from 1 day to 21 days, Adding 5 g of rosemary leaves from 22 to 42 days, Adding 2.5 g powdered leaves of marjoram and 2.5 g of rosemary leaves from 1 day to 21 days, Adding 2.5 g powdered leaves of marjoram and 2.5 g of rosemary leaves from 22 to 42 days, Adding 5 g of powder of marjoram leaves from one day to the end of the experiment, Adding 5 g of rosemary leaves powder from one day to the end of the experiment, Adding 2.5 g powder of marjoram leaves and 2.5 g of rosemary leaves from one day to the end of the experiment. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the final body weight and cumulative weight gained, and a significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvement in the cumulative feed conversion ratio compared with control treatment, while no significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences were found in the amount of feed intake.
Effect of feeding starter diets treated with formaldehyde, sex and age on some reproductive and blood parameters of the local calves until weaning
Authors: Al-Dain Q Z Shams , Nasser A K , Abou N Y , Mahmood Aywad B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted on twelve(6 male and 6 female) local calves aged 3.5-4 months and weights 50.10 ± 2.70 kg., calves were divided into 2 main groups (6 calves/group), each main group was divided into 2 subgroup according to their sex (3 males or 3 females calves/group), and fed ad libitum on iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric rations,1st main group was fed on the first ration consist mainly of barley, soybean meal, yellow maize and wheat bran (control), while 2nd main group was fed on the second ration the same control ration, but barley and soybean meal were treated with acidic formaldehyde, in addition to feeding milk until weaning age at 8 months. Results indicated that there were no significant effect of formaldehyde treatment and calves sexes on productive performance (feed consumptions, daily and total weight gain, final body weight, and all body measurements), hematological (red & white blood counts, hemoglobin, packed cell volume and platelets counts), biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and blood urea) and concentration of some mineral elements (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and manganese) in the blood serum. While the results indicated that of red and white blood count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, total protein, globulin and urea were increased (P≤0.05) significantly, while the blood glucose, glycerol and triglyceride were decreased significantly (P≤0.05) by increasing the calves age.
Comparison between effect of adding propolis and antibiotic in in broiler chickens on productive performance and carcass traits
Authors: Alani A A T , Alheeti A S A , Alani E N S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to Compare effect between addition of propolis and antibiotic in performance and carcass traits of broiler from 07/02/2018 until 20/03/2018. 135 one day old unsexed chicks (Ross, 308) were reared for 42 day, they distributed to three treatments, three replicates per treatment (15 birds in replicate). First treatment was control, the second treatment was adding 0.5 g antibiotic (Oxytetracyclin 20%)/1 kg feed, and the third treatment was adding 1 g propolis / 1 kg feed. The results were showed no significant differences in all broiler performance characteristics. While, the propolis treatment was high significantly (P≤0.05) in the relative weight of bursa and gallbladder. Whereas, the relative weight of neck and wings was increased significantly (P≤0.05) in the antibiotic treatment. On the other hand, other carcass traits and relative weights for internal organs were not differed among treatments.