bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Question-driven summarization of answers to consumer health questions
Authors: Savery Max , Abacha Asma Ben , Gayen Soumya , Demner-Fushman Dina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAutomatic summarization of natural language is a widely studied area in computer science, one that is broadly applicable to anyone who needs to understand large quantities of information. In the medical domain, automatic summarization has the potential to make health information more accessible to people without medical expertise. However, to evaluate the quality of summaries generated by summarization algorithms, researchers first require gold standard, human generated summaries. Unfortunately there is no available data for the purpose of assessing summaries that help consumers of health information answer their questions. To address this issue, we present the MEDIQA-Answer Summarization dataset, the first dataset designed for question-driven, consumer-focused summarization. It contains 156 health questions asked by consumers, answers to these questions, and manually generated summaries of these answers. The dataset’s unique structure allows it to be used for at least eight different types of summarization evaluations. We also benchmark the performance of baseline and state-of-the-art deep learning approaches on the dataset, demonstrating how it can be used to evaluate automatically generated summaries.
Global land use for 2015–2100 at 0.05° resolution under diverse socioeconomic and climate scenarios
Authors: Chen Min , Vernon Chris R. , Graham Neal T. , Hejazi Mohamad , Huang Maoyi , Cheng Yanyan , Calvin Katherine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlobal future land use (LU) is an important input for Earth system models for projecting Earth system dynamics and is critical for many modeling studies on future global change. Here we generated a new global gridded LU dataset using the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) and a land use spatial downscaling model, named Demeter, under the five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios. Compared to existing similar datasets, the presented dataset has a higher spatial resolution (0.05° × 0.05°) and spreads under a more comprehensive set of SSP-RCP scenarios (in total 15 scenarios), and considers uncertainties from the forcing climates. We compared our dataset with the Land Use Harmonization version 2 (LUH2) dataset and found our results are in general spatially consistent with LUH2. The presented dataset will be useful for global Earth system modeling studies, especially for the analysis of the impacts of land use and land cover change and socioeconomics, as well as the characterizing the uncertainties associated with these impacts.
Phenotyping chronic tinnitus patients using self-report questionnaire data: cluster analysis and visual comparison
Authors: Niemann Uli , Brueggemann Petra , Boecking Benjamin , Mebus Wilhelm , Rose Matthias , Spiliopoulou Myra , Mazurek Birgit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChronic tinnitus is a complex, multi-factorial symptom that requires careful assessment and management. Evidence-based therapeutic approaches involve audiological and psychological treatment components. However, not everyone benefits from treatment. The identification and characterisation of patient subgroups (or “phenotypes”) may provide clinically relevant information. Due to the large number of assessment tools, data-driven methods appear to be promising. The acceptance of these empirical results can be further strengthened by a comprehensive visualisation. In this study, we used cluster analysis to identify distinct tinnitus phenotypes based on self-report questionnaire data and implemented a visualisation tool to explore phenotype idiosyncrasies. 1228 patients with chronic tinnitus from the Charité Tinnitus Center in Berlin were included. At baseline, each participant completed 14 questionnaires measuring tinnitus distress, -loudness, frequency and location, depressivity, perceived stress, quality of life, physical and mental health, pain perception, somatic symptom expression and coping attitudes. Four distinct patient phenotypes emerged from clustering:avoidant group(56.8%),psychosomatic group (14.1%),somatic group(15.2%), anddistress group(13.9%). Radial bar- and line charts allowed for visual inspection and juxtaposition of major phenotype characteristics. The phenotypes differed in terms of clinical information including psychological symptoms, quality of life, coping attitudes, stress, tinnitus-related distress and pain, as well as socio-demographics. Our findings suggest that identifiable patient subgroups and their visualisation may allow for stratified treatment strategies and research designs.
Crystal structure of rare earth and group III nitride alloys by ab initio calculations
Authors: Winiarski Maciej J. , Kowalska Dorota A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ground state phases of ternary alloys of rare earth and group III nitride semiconductors have been investigated within the density functional theory. The most energetically favorable crystal phases among possible cubic and hexagonal structures, i.e., the rock salt, zinc blende, wurtzite, and hexagonal BN, were determined. The type of a unit cell and the lattice parameters of the materials are presented as a function of their composition. Furthermore, effects of strain on ground states of group III and rare earth nitride materials are discussed. The findings presented in this work discloses the wurtzite type materials as being stable with relatively low contents of rare earth elements. It is expected that the wurtzite phase will be very persistent only in the La-based systems. Nevertheless, the two-dimensional hexagonal atomic layers are revealed as being a metastable phase for all alloys studied. This finding supports the conclusion of previous experimental reports for Sc-doped GaN systems that the presence of rare earth ions in group III nitride materials leads to flattening of the wurtzite type layers.
Evaluation of 3 molecular-based assays for microsatellite instability detection in formalin-fixed tissues of patients with endometrial and colorectal cancers
Authors: Gilson Pauline , Levy Julien , Rouyer Marie , Demange Jessica , Husson Marie , Bonnet Céline , Salleron Julia , Leroux Agnès , Merlin Jean-Louis , Harlé Alexandre 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicrosatellite instability (MSI) status is routinely assessed in patients with colorectal and endometrial cancers as it contributes to Lynch syndrome initial screening, tumour prognosis and selecting patients for immunotherapy. Currently, standard reference methods recommended for MSI/dMMR (deficient MisMatch Repair) testing consist of immunohistochemistry and pentaplex PCR-based assays, however, novel molecular-based techniques are emerging. Here, we aimed to evaluate the performance of a custom capture-based NGS method and the Bio-Rad ddPCR and Idylla approaches for the determination of MSI status for theranostic purposes in 30 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from patients with endometrial (n = 15) and colorectal (n = 15) cancers. All samples were previously characterised using IHC and Promega MSI Analysis System and these assays set as golden standard. Overall agreement, sensitivity and specificity of our custom-built NGS panel were 93.30%, 93.75% and 92.86% respectively. Overall agreement, sensitivity and specificity were 100% with the Idylla MSI system. The Bio-Rad ddPCR MSI assay showed a 100% concordance, sensitivity and specificity. The custom capture-based NGS, Bio-Rad ddPCR and Idylla approaches represent viable and complementary options to IHC and Promega MSI Analysis System for the detection of MSI. Bio-Rad ddPCR and Idylla MSI assays accounts for easy and fast screening assays while the NGS approach offers the advantages to simultaneously detect MSI and clinically relevant genomic alterations.
Individually distinctive features facilitate numerical discrimination of sets of objects in domestic chicks
Authors: Rugani Rosa , Loconsole Maria , Simion Francesca , Regolin Lucia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDay-old domestic chicks approach the larger of two groups of identical objects, but in a 3 vs 4 comparison, their performance is random. Here we investigated whether adding individually distinctive features to each object would facilitate such discrimination. Chicks reared with 7 objects were presented with the operation 1 + 1 + 1 vs 1 + 1 + 1 + 1. When objects were all identical, chicks performed randomly, as expected (Experiment 1). In the remaining experiments, objects differed from one another due to additional features. Chicks succeeded when those features were differently oriented segments (Experiment 2) but failed when the features were arranged to depict individually different face-like displays (Experiment 3). Discrimination was restored if the face-like stimuli were presented upside-down, disrupting global processing (Experiment 4). Our results support the claim that numerical discrimination in 3 vs 4 comparison benefits from the presence of distinctive features that enhance object individuation due to individual processing. Interestingly, when the distinctive features are arranged into upright face-like displays, the process is susceptible to global over local interference due to configural processing. This study was aimed at assessing whether individual object processing affects numerical discrimination. We hypothesise that in humans similar strategies aimed at improving performance at the non-symbolic level may have positive effects on symbolic mathematical abilities.
New findings on palynofacies characteristics of semi-enclosed deep-sea environments in the East Sea over 2 million years
Authors: Kim Yongmi , Yi Sangheon , Jun Chang-Pyo , Lee Eunmi , Kim Gil Young 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhytoclasts in the form of plant debris in terrestrial sediments can be transported by water to distant areas because they are lighter than inorganic particles. The semi-enclosed East Sea, which is connected by narrow straits to other seas, is adjacent to continental shelves that are the source area of terrestrial sediment flowing into the East Sea. These shelves alternated repeatedly between terrestrial and marine environments as a result of eustatic sea-level changes during the Late Quaternary. Palynofacies analyses of the IODP Exp. 346 U1430 core, located in the Eastern South Korea Plateau (ESKP) of the East Sea, have revealed changes in the size and concentration of phytoclasts associated with glacial–interglacial cycles. These changes are generally negatively correlated with the global sea-level curve, and their anti-phase cycles with high amplitude are clearly evident during the last ca. 750 ka with the geotectonic stabilization period. In particular, several coarse-grained phytoclasts were observed during the glacial period, including the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). These findings suggest that the concentration and size of phytoclasts flowing into the East Sea were influenced by changes in the distance of the source area, depending on the water depth of the strait and nearby shelves owing to sea-level changes in tandem with glacial–interglacial cycles and geotectonic events.
Improved gravimetric energy density and cycle life in organic lithium-ion batteries with naphthazarin-based electrode materials
Authors: Yao Masaru , Taguchi Noboru , Ando Hisanori , Takeichi Nobuhiko , Kiyobayashi Tetsu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReplacing the scarce metal-based positive electrode materials currently used in rechargeable lithium ion batteries with organic compounds helps address environmental issues and might enhance gravimetric electrochemical capacity. The challenge has been to find organic materials with both high capacity and long-cycle life. Here, we study the naphthazarin (5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) skeleton as a high capacity candidate electrode for lithium-ion batteries, showing a multielectron-transfer type redox reaction. We also use electron energy-loss spectroscopy to reveal the reaction stoichiometry during charge/discharge processes. While the lithium salt of naphthazarin itself helped deliver a high initial capacity, its cycle-life was not satisfactory. Instead, a newly synthesized naphthazarin-dimer shows a lengthened cycle-life without sacrificing the initial high capacity of 416 mAh g−1and energy density of 1.1 Wh g−1.
Prolonged treatment with a PI3K p110α inhibitor causes sex- and tissue-dependent changes in antioxidant content, but does not affect mitochondrial function
Authors: Hedges Christopher P. , Pham Toan , Shetty Bhoopika , Masson Stewart W.C. , Hickey Anthony J.R. , Shepherd Peter R. , Merry Troy L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Genetic inhibition of the p110α isoform of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) can increase murine lifespan, enhance mitochondrial function and alter tissue-specific oxidative balance. Here, we investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of the p110α isoform of PI3K induces similar enhancement of mitochondrial function in middle-aged mice. Eight-month-old male and female mice were fed a diet containing 0.3 g/kg of the p110α-selective inhibitor BYL-719 (BYL) or a vehicle diet (VEH) for 6 weeks. Mice consuming BYL-719 had higher blood glucose and insulin, and tended towards decreased body weight. After 72 h, gene expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis mediators Pgc1α, Tfam and Nrf1 was greater in liver of BYL-719 males only, but unchanged in skeletal muscle of either sex. Six weeks of BYL-719 treatment did not affect mitochondrial content or function in the liver or skeletal muscle of either sex. In livers of males only, the expression of the antioxidant genes Nfe2l2, Cat, Sod1 and Sod2 increased within 72 h of BYL-719 treatment, and remained higher after 6 weeks. This was associated with an increase in hepatic GSH content and catalase protein expression, and lower H2O2 levels. Our results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of p110α in adult mice does not affect liver or skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, but does show sex- and tissue-specific effects on up-regulation of antioxidant response.
Identification of prognostic biomarkers and correlations with immune infiltrates among cGAS-STING in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qi Zhenhua , Yan Fang , Chen Dongtai , Xing Wei , Li Qiang , Zeng Weian , Bi Bingtian , Xie Jingdun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway induces innate immunity by activating the production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. Recently, studies revealed that self-DNA from by-products of chromosome instability and tumors could activate the cGAS-STING pathway, and subsequently promote or inhibit tumor development. However, the prognostic value and correlations with immune infiltrates of the cGAS-STING pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been clarified. In the present study, we used the Molecular Signatures Database, Oncomine, UALCAN, Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan–Meier plotter, LinkedOmics, and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource databases. Overexpression of XRCC5, IRF3, TRIM21, STAT6, DDX41, TBK1, XRCC6, TREX1, PRKDC, and TMEM173 was markedly correlated with clinical stages and pathological grades in HCC. Moreover, higher mRNA expression of XRCC5, XRCC6, and PRKDC was significantly related with shorter overall survival. However, higher mRNA expression of IFI16, STAT6, NLRC3, and TMEM173 was associated with favorable overall survival. Our results suggested that the kinase targets of the cGAS-STING pathway included the SRC family of tyrosine kinases (LCK and LYN), phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinase (PIKK) family kinases (ATM and ATR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1). Furthermore, we identified significant correlations among the expression of cGAS-STING pathway and infiltration of B cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in HCC. The expression of the cGAS-STING pathway also exhibited strong relationships with diverse immune marker sets in HCC. These findings suggest that cGAS-STING pathway members may be used as prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets HCC patients.
Norm-Referenced Language Test Selection Practices for Elementary School Children With Suspected Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Ogiela Diane A. , Montzka Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeStandardized norm-referenced tests are an important aspect of language assessment for school-age children. This study explored the language test selection practices of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working with elementary school children suspected of having developmental language disorder. Specifically, we investigated which tests were most commonly selected as clinicians' first-choice and follow-up tests, which factors impacted their test selection decisions, and what sources of information they used to determine the psychometric quality of tests.MethodSchool-based SLPs completed a web-based questionnaire regarding their use of norm-referenced language tests. A total of 370 elementary school SLPs completed the questionnaire.ResultsThe vast majority of participants indicated that omnibus language tests are their first choice of test. For follow-up tests, participants selected semantics tests, especially single-word vocabulary tests, significantly more often than tests of pragmatics, processing skills, and morphology/syntax. Participants identified multiple factors as affecting test selection, including availability, familiarity, psychometric features, and others. Although more SLPs reported using data-based than subjective sources of information to judge the psychometric quality of tests, a substantial proportion reported that they relied on subjective sources.ConclusionsClinicians have a strong preference for using omnibus language tests. Follow-up test selection does not appear to align with the language difficulties most associated with developmental language disorder. The substantial use of subjective information about psychometric qualities of tests suggests that many SLPs may not attend to the technical meanings of terms such as validity, reliability, and diagnostic accuracy. These results indicate a need for improvement in evidence-based language assessment practices.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13022471
Self‐modulated photoluminescence of CrBr3 flake
Authors: Zhang Yujun , Li Gaomin , Pei Shenghai , Lyu Bingbing , Huang Qiaoling , Wang Xinwei , He Wei , Huang Mingyuan 
Published: October 2020

The layered van der Waals magnetic insulator chromium bromine (CrBr3) has excellent optical properties and it provides an interesting platform for investigating light–matter interactions. Here, we focused on its self‐modulated photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. We find that there are interference fringes superposed on the PL curves due to the Fabry–Perot resonance between the front and rear interfaces of CrBr3 flakes. Moreover, there is a huge Stokes shift between the PL spectrum and lowest absorption band, which can prevent reabsorption of PL and is a benefit for enhancing the resonant intensity of the PL spectrum. In addition, we investigate the PL spectrum variation under suppressing thermal vibration with decreasing temperature from 300 to 80 K, which shows the significant increase of PL intensity and blue shift of PL maximum peak. This work gives details of CrBr3 self‐modulated PL properties and creates opportunities for using CrBr3 in optical devices and lasing components in future applications.
Magnetically coupled atmosphere, fast sausage MHD waves, and forced magnetic field reconnection during the SOL2014-09-10T17:45 flare
Authors: Mészárosová H. , Gömöry P. 
Published: October 2020

Aims.We study the physical properties and behaviour of the solar atmosphere during the GOES X1.6 solar flare on 2014 September 10.Methods.The steady plasma flows and the fast sausage MHD waves were analysed with the wavelet separation method. The magnetically coupled atmosphere and the forced magnetic field reconnection were studied with the help of the Vertical-Current Approximation Non-linear Force-Free Field code.Results.We studied a mechanism of MHD wave transfer from the photosphere without dissipation or reflection before reaching the corona and a mechanism of the wave energy distribution over the solar corona. We report a common behaviour of (extreme)ultraviolet steady plasma flows (speed of 15.3 → 10.9 km s−1) and fast sausage MHD waves (Alfvén speed of 13.7 → 10.3 km s−1and characteristic periods of 1587 → 1607 s), propagating in cylindrical plasma waveguides of the individual atmospheric layers (photosphere → corona) observed by SDO/AIA/HMI and IRIS space instruments. A magnetically coupled solar atmosphere by a magnetic field flux tube above a sunspot umbra and a magnetic field reconnection forced by the waves were analysed. The solar seismology with trapped, leakage, and tunnelled modes of the waves, dissipating especially in the solar corona, is discussed with respect to its possible contribution to the outer atmosphere heating.Conclusions.We demonstrate that a dispersive nature of fast sausage MHD waves, which can easily generate the leaky and other modes propagating outside of their waveguide, and magnetic field flux tubes connecting the individual atmospheric layers can distribute the magnetic field energy across the active region. This mechanism can contribute to the coronal energy balance and to our knowledge on how the coronal heating is maintained.
Determination of Anatomical Levels in Spina Bifida Fetuses with Ultrasound and MRI
Authors: Vonzun Ladina , Kahr Maike Katja , Wille David , Kottke Raimund , Moehrlen Ueli , Meuli Martin , Ochsenbein-Kölble Nicole , Kraehenmann Franziska , Zimmermann Roland , Mazzone Luca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy of prenatal anatomical level determination by ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by analyzing the congruence with the “true” anatomical level identified by postnatal MRI.Patients and Methods The first 60 patients undergoing fetal myelomeningocele surgery at The Zurich Center for Fetal Diangosis and Therapy were included in this study. Anatomical levels (i. e., first dysraphic vertebra) determined by prenatal US and MRI were compared to postnatal MRI. The level of agreement between the imaging modalities was evaluated with a Cohen’s kappa test. Results > 0.6 were interpreted as good agreement, > 0.8 as excellent.Results The exact congruence between prenatal US and MRI compared to postnatal MRI was 33 % and 48 %, respectively, for an accuracy within one level difference of 80 % and 90 %, and within two levels difference of 95 % and 98 %, respectively. The level of agreement of prenatal US and MRI compared to postnatal MRI was 0.62 and 0.79, respectively. Most of the prenatally incorrectly assigned levels were assigned too high (worse) than the “true” level (US 88 % vs. MRI 65 %).Conclusion Reliable exact prenatal level determination by US and MRI is not possible. However, the prenatal determination of the anatomical level of the lesion is good within one level margin of error. Prenatal US as well as MRI demonstrate a systematic error towards higher levels. The above considerations must be integrated into prenatal counselling.