bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core-dependent changes in genomic predictions using the Algorithm for Proven and Young in single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction
Authors: Misztal Ignacy , Tsuruta Shogo , Pocrnic Ivan , Lourenco Daniela 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction with the Algorithm for Proven and Young (APY) is a popular method for large-scale genomic evaluations. With the APY algorithm, animals are designated as core or noncore, and the computing resources to create the inverse of the genomic relationship matrix (GRM) are reduced by inverting only a portion of that matrix for core animals. However, using different core sets of the same size causes fluctuations in genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) up to one additive standard deviation without affecting prediction accuracy. About 2% of the variation in the GRM is noise. In the recursion formula for APY, the error term modeling the noise is different for every set of core animals, creating changes in breeding values. While average changes are small, and correlations between breeding values estimated with different core animals are close to 1.0, based on the normal distribution theory, outliers can be several times bigger than the average. Tests included commercial datasets from beef and dairy cattle and from pigs. Beyond a certain number of core animals, the prediction accuracy did not improve, but fluctuations decreased with more animals. Fluctuations were much smaller than the possible changes based on prediction error variance. GEBVs change over time even for animals with no new data as genomic relationships ties all the genotyped animals, causing reranking of top animals. In contrast, changes in nongenomic models without new data are small. Also, GEBV can change due to details in the model, such as redefinition of contemporary groups or unknown parent groups. In particular, increasing the fraction of blending of the GRM with a pedigree relationship matrix from 5% to 20% caused changes in GEBV up to 0.45 SD, with a correlation of GEBV &gt; 0.99. Fluctuations in genomic predictions are part of genomic evaluation models and are also present without the APY algorithm when genomic evaluations are computed with updated data. The best approach to reduce the impact of fluctuations in genomic evaluations is to make selection decisions not on individual animals with limited individual accuracy but on groups of animals with high average accuracy.
Insecticide Resistance Development in the Filth Fly Pupal Parasitoid, Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Using Laboratory Selections
Authors: Maiquez Vincent F , Pitzer Jimmy B , Geden Christopher J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Filth flies remain one of the most prevalent pest groups affecting the animal production industry. Spalangia spp. and Muscidifurax spp. are beneficial parasitic wasps that often are utilized to manage filth fly populations such as house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). These wasps search for filth fly pupae as hosts in areas potentially treated with insecticides, which may result in nontarget insecticide selection effects. However, research regarding resistance development in parasitic wasps such as S. cameroni Perkins (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is limited. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the potential of S. cameroni to develop resistance to the commonly used insecticide permethrin, as well as compare permethrin susceptibility among several S. cameroni strains. After 10 selected generations, susceptibility was significantly lower for the selected strain when compared with that of its unselected parent strain. A comparison of several parasitoid strains collected from different U.S. states indicated that permethrin susceptibility was not significantly different between a baseline strain and more recently established field strains. The potential implications of this previously unrecognized nontarget insecticide exposure effect on filth fly parasitoids are discussed.
Effects of Landscape Composition on Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) and Its Associated Braconid Parasitoids
Authors: Peirce Erika S , Rand Tatyana A , Cockrell Darren M , Ode Paul J , Peairs Frank B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Several agroecological and integrated pest management strategies focus on landscape management to increase complexity and foster biodiversity. However, landscape complexity does not always enhance biological control and in some cases may lead to increased pest populations. We examined the prevalence of two Bracon parasitoids, Bracon cephi Gahan and Bracon lissogaster Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and their host the wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus Norton, a major pest of wheat. We assessed the degree of noncrop and crop host plant use and responses to landscape composition. We found no instances of parasitism by either Bracon species in our three-year, statewide winter wheat survey but found small populations of Bracon in noncrop landscapes throughout eastern and western Colorado. We used model selection to examine how local (500 m scale) and landscape (5 km scale) cover of suitable noncrop and crop habitats potentially affects abundances of Bracon and wheat stem sawfly. Our best fit model for wheat stem sawfly suggests that a decrease in noncrop cover at the landscape scale leads to an increase in wheat stem sawfly infestation. Our best fit model for Bracon parasitism suggests an increase in wheat cover at the local level results in the greatest increase in the odds of parasitism by either species of Bracon. Herbaceous cover at local and landscape scales were also significant predictors of Bracon parasitism. The results of this study suggest that pest and natural enemies respond differently to landscape composition and these responses should be evaluated before management decisions are made.
Interdisciplinarity and Punishment in the Academy: Reflecting upon Researching and Teaching Human Rights in University Settings
Authors: Evans Matthew 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article reflects upon the experience of researching and teaching human rights, and related areas, in a number of university settings. It is argued, on the one hand, that interdisciplinarity is necessary, present and considered valuable in academic human rights scholarship. On the other hand, the article argues that disciplinary power is exercised in the academy with the effect of limiting the degree to which interdisciplinary research and teaching can take place in practice. As a consequence, interdisciplinary academics (and students) are punished. Both intellectual horizons and material opportunities are potentially constricted. Reflecting upon this potential, the article considers whether it is practically possible to reduce or avoid the disciplining and punishment of this kind of teaching and research in universities and concludes by making the case for a postdisciplinary reimagining of human rights in the academy.
Improving wearable-based fall detection with unsupervised learning
Authors: Fáñez Mirko , Villar José R , de la Cal Enrique , González Víctor M , Sedano Javier 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fall detection (FD) is a challenging task that has received the attention of the research community in the recent years. This study focuses on FD using data gathered from wearable devices with tri-axial accelerometers (3DACC), developing a solution centered in elderly people living autonomously. This research includes three different ways to improve a FD method: (i) an analysis of the event detection stage, comparing several alternatives, (ii) an evaluation of features to extract for each detected event and (iii) an appraisal of up to 6 different clustering scenarios to split the samples in subsets that might enhance the classification. For each clustering scenario, a specific classification stage is defined. The experimentation includes publicly available simulated fall data sets. Results show the guidelines for defining a more robust and efficient FD method for on-wrist 3DACC wearable devices.
Body Size Plasticity of Weevil Larvae (Curculio davidi) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Its Stoichiometric Relationship With Different Hosts
Authors: Du Baoming , Yuan Jun , Ji Huawei , Yin Shan , Kang Hongzhang , Liu Chunjiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractParasites obtain energy and nutrients from the host, and their body size is also usually limited by host size. However, the regulatory mechanisms that control the plasticity of parasite body sizes and the stoichiometric relationships with their hosts remain unclear. Here we investigated the concentrations of 14 elements (C, H, O, N, P, S, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in the acorns of three oak species (Quercus spp.), in their endoparasitic weevil (Curculio davidi Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae and in the larval feces, and the weight of weevil larvae within different hosts in a warm-temperate zone of China. Our results showed that the three acorn species exhibited significant differences in C, H, O, P, K, Mg, and Mn concentrations. However, in the weevil larvae, only P, Mn, and C:P ratio revealed significant differences. Weevil larvae preferentially absorbed and retained N, Zn, Na, and P, whereas Mn, K, Ca, and O were passively absorbed and transported. The weevil larvae weight was associated with acorn stoichiometry, and positively correlated with acorn size. Weevil larvae P decreased, but Mn and C:P increased with their weight, implying highly variable in somatic stoichiometry are coupled with the plasticity of body size. Interestingly, weevil larvae weight was negatively correlated with acorn infection rate, indicating small-size parasitic insects might have higher fitness level in parasite–host systems than larger-size ones. Our results suggest that variation in P, Mn, and C:P in parasites may play critical roles in shaping their body size and in improving their fitness.
Expectations as techniques of legitimation? Imagined futures through global bioethics standards for health research
Authors: Flear Mark L 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
I argue that expectations or strong beliefs about what can occur, and the imaginaries they construct, can be shaped by organizations and used by them as techniques for public legitimation of their governance and regulatory activities. I advance this argument by reference to the International Council on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). The expectations and imaginary flowing from the ICH’s mission and framing, ‘harmonisation for better health’, support a focus on technological development for the production of safe, quality, and effective pharmaceuticals and individual ethical conduct to achieve it. The expectations also marginalize wider systemic issues relating to social justice, particularly those affecting the global South. The central role of scientific-technical knowledge and expertise to harmonization abets the latter by minimizing the value to governance of public knowledges on systemic issues. Instead of ensuring the contribution of these knowledges to governance through public participation, there is an attempt to bolster legitimation through communication of expectations and transparency to show practices are in accordance with them (ie expectations are met).
‘We know more than that’: The Underemployment Experiences of College-educated Iraqi Refugees Living in the US
Authors: Disney Lindsey R. , McPherson Jane , Jamal Ziad S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Underemployment (i.e. a skilled worker in a low-skill job) has a negative impact on life satisfaction, and college-educated refugees often experience underemployment in the countries where they are resettled. Using interviews, this small-scale study explores college-educated Iraqi refugees’ experiences of employment in the US, and how employment experiences impact their resettlement and life satisfaction. Our participants share a complex picture of gratitude and loss, and a common framework for making short-term and long-term employment and education decisions post-resettlement. Our findings support the hypothesis that employment is one of the most influential areas of a refugee’s resettlement experience.
Proximal migration of a ‘double J’ ureteric stent in a patient with a staghorn calculus
Authors: Burns Emily J , Smith Peter M , Liew Matthew 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ureteric stents are widely used for the management of obstructive uropathy and intraoperative identification of the ureters. Despite undergoing numerous modifications since their introduction in 1967, they are frequently associated with complications ranging from irritative symptoms to migration of the stent. Proximal migration of ureteric stents is a relatively uncommon occurrence, with a reported incidence of 1–4.2%; it is usually associated with inappropriate stent length, poor positioning or incorrect deployment of the stent. Here we discuss an interesting case of a patient who unfortunately suffered proximal ureteric stent migration associated with pelvico-ureteric junction obstruction, despite appropriate stent choice, adequate deployment and confirmation of correct positioning. This complication likely occurred secondary to mechanical disruption of the stent caused by the presence of a large staghorn calculus within the renal pelvis.
Cost recovery in production sharing contracts: a comparative review of Southeast Asian jurisdictions
Authors: Lingard Nicholas , Morgan Philip , Apostolova Kate , Tan Jeremy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
While the current macro factors (such as the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on oil and gas demand and lower crude prices) suggest a challenging period lies ahead, the oil and gas industry remains important to a number of Southeast Asian countries, representing a focus area for foreign investment, a driver of domestic auxiliary industries and a source of government revenue. This article focuses on key oil and gas jurisdictions in the region—namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam—and provides a comparative overview of the cost recovery mechanisms in each country. Despite the practical importance of understanding how the cost recovery regimes are intended to operate in each of the relevant jurisdictions, there remains a little detailed commentary on the relevant legislative and contractual frameworks. By tracking how each of the five jurisdictions has modified and adopted cost recovery provisions as it considers appropriate for its particular investment needs, and comparing the jurisdictions surveyed across a range of measures, as reflected in Table 8, this article aims to provide current and future market participants with insights on cost recovery, both to support investment decisions and provide context for disputes that may arise.
Cosmic microwave background constraints on a physical model of reionization
Authors: Choudhury Tirthankar Roy , Mukherjee Suvodip , Paul Sourabh 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We study constraints on allowed reionization histories by comparing predictions of a physical seminumerical model with secondary temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Our model has four free parameters characterizing the evolution of ionizing efficiency ζ and the minimum mass Mmin of haloes that can produce ionizing radiation. Comparing the model predictions with the presently available data of the optical depth τ and kinematic Sunyaev–Zeldovich signal, we find that we can already rule out a significant region of the parameter space. We limit the duration of reionization $\Delta z= 1.30^{+0.19}_{-0.60}$ (Δz &lt; 2.9 at $99{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ C.L.), one of the tightest constraints on the parameter. The constraints mildly favour Mmin ≳ 109 M⊙ (at $68{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ C.L.) at z ∼ 8, thus indicating the presence of reionization feedback. Our analysis provides an upper bound on the secondary B-mode amplitude $D_{l=200}^{BB} \lt 18$ nK2 at $99{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ C.L. We also study how the constraints can be further tightened with upcoming space- and ground-based CMB missions. Our study, which relies solely on CMB data, has implications not only for upcoming CMB surveys for detecting primordial gravitational waves but also redshifted 21 cm studies.
The statistical reliability of 267-GHz JCMT observations of Venus: no significant evidence for phosphine absorption
Authors: Thompson M A 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
In the light of the recent announcement of the discovery of the potential biosignature phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus, I present an independent reanalysis of the original James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) data to assess the statistical reliability of the detection. Two line detection methods are explored: low-order polynomial fits and higher order multiple polynomial fits. A non-parametric bootstrap analysis reveals that neither line detection method is able to recover a statistically significant detection. Similar to the results of other reanalyses of ALMA(Atacama Large Millimetre Array) Venus spectra, the polynomial fitting process results in false positive detections in the JCMT spectrum. There is thus no significant evidence for phosphine absorption in the JCMT Venus spectra.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Perioptic Meningiomas: An International, Multicenter Study
Authors: Bunevicius Adomas , Anand Rithika Kormath , Suleiman Mohanad , Nabeel Ahmed M , Reda Wael A , Tawadros Sameh R , Abdelkarim Khaled , El-Shehaby Amr M N , Emad Reem M , Chytka Tomas , Liscak Roman , Sheehan Kimball , Sheehan Darrah , Caceres Marco Perez , Mathieu David , Lee Cheng-chia , Yang Huai-che , Picozzi Piero , Franzini Andrea , Attuati Luca , Speckter Herwin , Olivo Jeremy , Patel Samir , Cifarelli Christopher P , Cifarelli Daniel T , Hack Joshua D , Strickland Ben A , Zada Gabriel , Chang Eric L , Fakhoury Kareem R , Rusthoven Chad G , Warnick Ronald E , Sheehan Jason 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is increasingly used for management of perioptic meningiomas.

OBJECTIVE
To study the safety and effectiveness of SRS for perioptic meningiomas.

METHODS
From 12 institutions participating in the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation (IRRF), we retrospectively assessed treatment parameters and outcomes following SRS for meningiomas located within 3 mm of the optic apparatus.

RESULTS
A total of 438 patients (median age 51 yr) underwent SRS for histologically confirmed (29%) or radiologically suspected (71%) perioptic meningiomas. Median treatment volume was 8.01 cm3. Median prescription dose was 12 Gy, and median dose to the optic apparatus was 8.50 Gy. A total of 405 patients (93%) underwent single-fraction SRS and 33 patients (7%) underwent hypofractionated SRS. During median imaging follow-up of 55.6 mo (range: 3.15-239 mo), 33 (8%) patients experienced tumor progression. Actuarial 5-yr and 10-yr progression-free survival was 96% and 89%, respectively. Prescription dose of ≥12 Gy (HR: 0.310; 95% CI [0.141-0.679], P = .003) and single-fraction SRS (HR: 0.078; 95% CI [0.016-0.395], P = .002) were associated with improved tumor control. A total of 31 (10%) patients experienced visual decline, with actuarial 5-yr and 10-yr post-SRS visual decline rates of 9% and 21%, respectively. Maximum dose to the optic apparatus ≥10 Gy (HR = 2.370; 95% CI [1.086-5.172], P = .03) and tumor progression (HR = 4.340; 95% CI [2.070-9.097], P < .001) were independent predictors of post-SRS visual decline.

CONCLUSION
SRS provides durable tumor control and quite acceptable rates of vision preservation in perioptic meningiomas. Margin dose of ≥12 Gy is associated with improved tumor control, while a dose to the optic apparatus of ≥10 Gy and tumor progression are associated with post-SRS visual decline.
Reception of health messages: effects of stigmatization and forcefulness
Authors: Schnepper R , Blechert J , Stok F M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Diet-related health messages often use scare tactics and negative imagery. However, they show limited effectiveness. Improving these messages is important to prevent further increases of obesity rates and consequential sicknesses. When designing a health message, image choice and wording are central. Controversy revolves around the use of stigmatizing images. Body weight influences the effect of stigma on the participants, and detrimental effects are observable in individuals with overweight. Wording has to be concrete but not too forceful.

Methods
In this study, female subjects (N = 162) saw a stigmatizing versus non-stigmatizing health message with forceful versus non-forceful wording (2 × 2-design). Effects on a virtual food choice task (healthy versus unhealthy), diet intentions and concerns to be stigmatized were assessed.

Results
In the non-stigmatizing and non-forceful condition, participants made the highest number of healthy food choices. In the two stigma conditions, higher body mass index correlated with higher concern to be stigmatized, highlighting the adverse effect a health message can have.

Conclusions
In a female student sample, a non-stigmatizing and non-forceful text had the most positive effect on healthy food choices without evoking concerns to be stigmatized. This should be considered when promoting a healthy lifestyle.
HrCYP90B1 modulating brassinosteroid biosynthesis in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) against fruit fly (Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa Kol.) infection
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Wang Zhaoyu , Zhao Jie , Zhao Lin , Wang Lei , Su Zhi , Wei Jianrong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sea buckthorn is an important ecological and economic tree species, and its berries have been severely damaged by sea buckthorn fruit fly, Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa Kol. (Diptera: Tephritidae) (RBO). Brassinosteroid (BR) is widely involved in stress tolerance of plant. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying insect resistance. Here, we found that BR content was much higher in sea buckthorn fruits with RBO infection than non-infection, and the damage rates of fruit with BR treatment were significantly lower than that of non-treatment. It indicated that BR could enhance RBO resistance in sea buckthorn. Several BR biosynthesis-related HrCYPs genes (CYP85A1/85A2/90A1/90B1/90C1/90D1/92A6/724B/734A1) were obtained and identified based on transcriptome analysis, of which the most up-regulated gene in fruits was HrCYP90B1 under RBO and mechanical damage. Overexpression of HrCYP90B1 in Arabidopsis thaliana showed BR and salicylic acid (SA) content was significantly increased, and the substrate campesterol (CR) of HrCYP90B1 content decreased. Further studies revealed that silencing HrCYP90B1 by virus-induced gene silencing resulted in decrease of BR, SA and defense-related enzymes contents, and increase of CR content. Silencing HrCYP90B1 also caused suppression of SA and activation of jasmonic acid pathways, enabling enhanced RBO susceptibility and more damage of fruits. Taken together, we obtained evidence that HrCYP90B1 was a positive regulator in RBO resistance improvement in sea buckthorn, which will provide comprehensive insights into the tree defense system of sea buckthorn to pest infection.