bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of coal fracture dynamics under the influence of cyclic freezing–thawing using shear elastic waves
Authors: Nikolenko Petr V. , Epshtein Svetlana A. , Shkuratnik Vladimir L. , Anufrenkova Polina S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCyclic freezing–thawing can lead to fracture development in coal, affecting its mechanical and consumer properties. To study crack formations in coal, an ultrasonic sounding method using shear polarized waves was proposed. Samples of three coal types (anthracite, lignite and hard coal) were tested. The research results show that, in contrast to the shear wave velocity, the shear wave amplitude is extremely sensitive to the formation of new cracks at the early stages of cyclic freezing–thawing. Tests also show an inverse correlation between coal compressive strength and its tendency to form cracks under temperature impacts; shear wave attenuation increases more sharply in high-rank coals after the first freezing cycle. Spectral analysis of the received signals also confirmed significant crack formation in anthracite after the first freeze–thaw cycle. The initial anisotropy was determined, and its decrease with an increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles was shown. The data obtained forms an experimental basis for the development of new approaches to preserve coal consumer properties during storage and transportation under severe natural and climatic conditions.
Surface Segregation in Solid Oxide Cell Oxygen Electrodes: Phenomena, Mitigation Strategies and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Chen Kongfa , Jiang San Ping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSolid oxide cells (SOCs) are highly efficient and environmentally benign devices that can be used to store renewable electrical energy in the form of fuels such as hydrogen in the solid oxide electrolysis cell mode and regenerate electrical power using stored fuels in the solid oxide fuel cell mode. Despite this, insufficient long-term durability over 5–10 years in terms of lifespan remains a critical issue in the development of reliable SOC technologies in which the surface segregation of cations, particularly strontium (Sr) on oxygen electrodes, plays a critical role in the surface chemistry of oxygen electrodes and is integral to the overall performance and durability of SOCs. Due to this, this review will provide a critical overview of the surface segregation phenomenon, including influential factors, driving forces, reactivity with volatile impurities such as chromium, boron, sulphur and carbon dioxide, interactions at electrode/electrolyte interfaces and influences on the electrochemical performance and stability of SOCs with an emphasis on Sr segregation in widely investigated (La,Sr)MnO3and (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3−δ. In addition, this review will present strategies for the mitigation of Sr surface segregation.Graphic Abstract
Compressibility in a Variable Generalised Chaplygin Gas
Authors: Malaver Manuel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConsidering the Panigrahi and Chatterjee model (2017) for variable generalised Chaplygin gas, in this paper we found for this kind of exotic matter an analytic expression for the adiabatic compressibility βs. It was analyzed the behaviour of the adiabatic compressibility in the limit of high and low pressure. The derived equation for βs was used to deduce the value of the heat capacity at constant pressure Cp for variable generalised Chaplygin gas.
The Atomistic Study on Thermal Transport of the Branched Cnt
Authors: Chen Wei-Jen , Chang I-Ling 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIn this research, the thermal transport behavior of the branched carbon nanotube (CNT) with T-junction was investigated using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. Both symmetric and asymmetric temperature-controlled simulations were imposed to evaluate how the heat flowed inside the branched CNT with three branches of equal length and same chirality. The branch length and strain effects on the heat flow were examined. In addition, the simulated heat flow was compared with the prediction made by conventional thermal circuit calculation based on diffusive phonon transport. The heat was observed to flow straight rather than sideway inside the branched CNT with T-junction under the asymmetric temperature setup; this finding contradicts the conventional thermal circuit calculation. There are two possible explanations for this phenomenon. One is ballistic phonon transport and the other is phonons have different interactions or scattering with the defective atomic configurations at the T-junction. Moreover, the tensile strain could tune the heat flow, a finding that might be useful in thermal management applications.
The wicked problem of climate change and interdisciplinary research: Tracking management scholarship's contribution
Authors: Wohlgezogen Franz , McCabe Angela , Osegowitsch Tom , Mol Joeri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTaking urgent action to combat climate change is a pivotal Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). Since it is closely intertwined with the other 16 goals, it is frequently characterized as a ‘wicked problem par excellence.’ Interdisciplinary research, i.e., research crossing disciplinary boundaries, offers promise for grappling with wicked problems, but also entails significant challenges to researchers. In this study, we use bibliometric methods to understand how management scholars have, over the course of four decades, straddled disciplinary boundaries and what impact their efforts have had on top-tier climate change research appearing in Science and Nature. We find that management scholarship on climate change (1) has grown significantly since the mid-2000s, (2) features substantial engagement with an interdisciplinary knowledge base, and (3) fails to attract the attention of climate change research within top-tier interdisciplinary journals. We discuss these findings with reference to the ongoing discourse on raising management scholarship's relevance and impact.
Early weaning: new insights on an ever-persistent problem in the dairy industry
Authors: Mikuš Tomislav , Marzel Rok , Mikuš Ornella 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is common practice in the dairy industry to separate the calf from the cow immediately after parturition, and in most parts of the world calves are housed individually during the milk-feeding period. Early and abrupt separation has major implications for the calf's physical and psychological development. In this Research Reflection short review we present and discuss the main housing systems and management practices regarding early weaning in today's dairy industry. Main benefits and disadvantages are critically addressed, and possible future research suggested. Furthermore, major policy issues related to consumers, scientific recommendations and economic performance of farms have been identified, as well as future drivers for more viable housing solutions for neonatal calves. This review serves as an introduction and preamble to the second section of this Special Issue, which is dedicated to cow-calf contact management systems.
Comparison of the efficacy of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil with other current pharmacological management in human demodicosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lam Nelson Siu Kei , Long Xin Xin , Li Xuegang , Yang Li , Griffin Robert C , Doery James CG 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVarious treatments are found to be moderately effective in managingDemodex-related diseases except tea tree oil (TTO) and terpinen-4-ol (T4O), which showed superior miticidal and anti-inflammatory effects in numerous clinical studies. Their possible effects include lowering mite counts, relievingDemodex-related symptoms, and modulating the immune system. This review summarizes the current clinical topical and oral treatments in human demodicosis, their possible mechanisms of action, side-effects and resistance in treating this condition. TTO (especially T4O) is found to be the most effective followed by metronidazole, ivermectin and permethrin in managing the disease. This is because TTO has anti-parasitic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects. Furthermore, nanoTTO can even release its contents into fungus andPseudomonasbiofilms. Combinations of different treatments are occasionally needed for refractory cases, especially for individuals with underlying genetic predisposal or are immuno-compromised. Although the current treatments show efficacy in controlling theDemodexmite population and the related symptoms, further research needs to be focused on the efficacy and drug delivery technology in order to develop alternative treatments with better side-effects profiles, less toxicity, lower risk of resistance and are more cost-effective.
Mental health disorders and alcohol misuse among UK military veterans and the general population: a comparison study
Authors: Rhead Rebecca , MacManus Deirdre , Jones Margaret , Greenberg Neil , Fear Nicola T , Goodwin Laura 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor a small minority of personnel, military service can have a negative impact on their mental health. Yet no studies have assessed how the mental health of UK veterans (who served during the recent operations in Afghanistan or Iraq) compares to non-veterans, to determine if they are at a disadvantage. We examine the prevalence of mental disorders and alcohol misuse in UK veterans compared to non-veterans.MethodsVeteran data were taken from the third phase of the King's Centre for Military Health Research cohort study (n = 2917). These data were compared with data on non-veterans taken from two large general population surveys: 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (n = 5871) and wave 6 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS, n = 22 760).ResultsWe found that, overall, UK veterans who served at the time of recent military operations were more likely to report a significantly higher prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) (23% v. 16%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (8% v. 5%) and alcohol misuse (11% v. 6%) than non-veterans. Stratifying by gender showed that the negative impact of being a veteran on mental health and alcohol misuse was restricted to male veterans. Being ill or disabled was associated with a higher prevalence of CMD and PTSD for both veterans and non-veterans.ConclusionWhilst the same sociodemographic groups within the veteran and non-veteran populations seemed to have an increased risk of mental health problems (e.g. those who were unemployed), male veterans, in particular, appear to be at a distinct disadvantage compared to those who have never served.
Exploring the dynamics of flagellar dynein within the axoneme with Fluctuating Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Richardson Robin A. , Hanson Benjamin S. , Read Daniel J. , Harlen Oliver G. , Harris Sarah A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFlagellar dyneins are the molecular motors responsible for producing the propagating bending motions of cilia and flagella. They are located within a densely packed and highly organised super-macromolecular cytoskeletal structure known as the axoneme. Using the mesoscale simulation technique Fluctuating Finite Element Analysis (FFEA), which represents proteins as viscoelastic continuum objects subject to explicit thermal noise, we have quantified the constraints on the range of molecular conformations that can be explored by dynein-c within the crowded architecture of the axoneme. We subsequently assess the influence of crowding on the 3D exploration of microtubule-binding sites, and specifically on the axial step length. Our calculations combine experimental information on the shape, flexibility and environment of dynein-c from three distinct sources; negative stain electron microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). Our FFEA simulations show that the super-macromolecular organisation of multiple protein complexes into higher-order structures can have a significant influence on the effective flexibility of the individual molecular components, and may, therefore, play an important role in the physical mechanisms underlying their biological function.
A long view of cumulative technological culture
Authors: O'Brien Michael J. , Bentley R. Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe agree that the emergence of cumulative technological culture was tied to nonsocial cognitive skills, namely, technical-reasoning skills, which allowed humans to constantly acquire and improve information. Our concern is with a reading of the history of cumulative technological culture that is based largely on modern experiments in simulated settings and less on phenomena crucial to the long-term dynamics of cultural evolution.
Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”
Authors: Whiten Andrew 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.
Shared intentionality shapes humans' technical know-how
Authors: Moll Henrike , Nichols Ryan , Pueschel Ellyn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Osiurak and Reynaud argue that cumulative technological culture is made possible by a “non-social cognitive structure” (sect. 1, para. 1) and they offer an account that aims “to escape from the social dimension” (sect. 1, para. 2) of human cognition. We challenge their position by arguing that human technical rationality is unintelligible outside of our species' uniquely social form of life, which is defined by shared intentionality (Kern & Moll 2017, Philosophical Psychology30(3):319–37; Tomasello 2019a, Becoming human: A theory of ontogeny. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press).
New Caledonian crows afford invaluable comparative insights into human cumulative technological culture
Authors: Rutz Christian , Hunt Gavin R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The New Caledonian crow may be the only non-primate species exhibiting cumulative technological culture. Its foraging tools show clear signs of diversification and progressive refinement, and it seems likely that at least some tool-related information is passed across generations via social learning. Here, we explain how these remarkable birds can help us uncover the basic biological processes driving technological progress.
Study on embryonic and larval developmental stages of Sucker head Garra gotyla (Gray 1830; Teleostei; Cyprinidae)
Authors: Patiyal Rabindar Singh , Mir Mohammad Iqbal , Pandey Nityanand , Rajesh M. , Sarma Debajit , Chandra Suresh 
Published: August 2020

SummaryGarra gotyla is an indigenous coldwater fish of the cyprinid family and has wide geographical distribution in India as well as in other countries of Asia and Africa. Induced breeding in G. gotyla was carried out successfully for the first time and an attempt has been made to document developmental stages chronologically from the first minute of fertilization, through all stages of embryonic development until the fifth day post hatching. This experiment was carried out at 22–24°C water temperature at the Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, India. During the breeding trial, the fertilization rate was observed as 70–75% and hatching rate was 85–90%. The mature fertilized ova were measured as 0.8–1.0 mm in diameter and the perivitelline membrane became thick soon after fertilization and formation of the germ pole. The periods taken for complete developmental stages were recorded; cleavage stage 111 min (min post fertilization (pf)), blastulation stage 580 min (pf), neurulation and segmentation 1250 min (pf) and hatching was completed after 1420 min. The sac fry was measured as 3 mm in length and took almost 3 days for complete absorption of the yolk content. The major structural and differential changes observed are in head, tail, fins, alimentary canal, rudiments of each organ and appearance of melanophore pigmentation in the whole body. The 5-day-old larvae were measured as 6 mm in length with almost every organ fully differentiated. The present study will be utilized for large-scale production of fingerlings for stock enhancement in rivers, lakes and possibilities of genetic improvement and manipulation at the embryonic stage.
Developmental potential of somatic and germ cells of hybrids betweenCarassius auratusfemales andHemigrammocypris rasborellamales
Authors: Naya Yuki , Matsunaga Tomoka , Shimizu Yu , Takahashi Eisuke , Shima Fumika , Endoh Mitsuru , Fujimoto Takafumi , Arai Katsutoshi , Yamaha Etsuro 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe cause of hybrid sterility and inviability has not been analyzed in the fin-fish hybrid, although large numbers of hybridizations have been carried out. In this study, we produced allo-diploid hybrids by cross-fertilization between female goldfish (Carassius auratus) and male golden venus chub (Hemigrammocypris rasborella). Inviability of these hybrids was due to breakage of the enveloping layer during epiboly or due to malformation with serious cardiac oedema around the hatching stage. Spontaneous allo-triploid hybrids with two sets of the goldfish genome and one set of the golden venus chub genome developed normally and survived beyond the feeding stage. This improved survival was confirmed by generating heat-shock-induced allo-triploid hybrids that possessed an extra goldfish genome. When inviable allo-diploid hybrid cells were transplanted into goldfish host embryos at the blastula stage, these embryos hatched normally, incorporating the allo-diploid cells. These allo-diploid hybrid cells persisted, and were genetically detected in a 6-month-old fish. In contrast, primordial germ cells taken from allo-diploid hybrids and transplanted into goldfish hosts at the blastula stage had disappeared by 10 days post-fertilization, even under chimeric conditions. In allo-triploid hybrid embryos, germ cells proliferated in the gonad, but had disappeared by 10 weeks post-fertilization. These results showed that while hybrid germ cells are inviable even in chimeric conditions, hybrid somatic cells remain viable.
Assessment of binder of sperm protein 1 (BSP1) and heparin effects on in vitro capacitation and fertilization of bovine ejaculated and epididymal sperm
Authors: Rodríguez-Villamil Paula , Mentz Daiane , Ongaratto Felipe Ledur , Aguiar Luis Henrique , Rodrigues Jose Luiz , Bertolini Marcelo , Moura Arlindo A. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe present study evaluated the effect of binder of sperm protein 1 (BSP1) and/or heparin on in vitro bovine capacitation and fertilization rates using epididymal and ejaculated bovine sperm. Frozen–thawed sperm were selected and used in the following treatments. Control group: Fert-TALP medium without heparin; heparin (HEP) group: Fert-TALP with heparin (10 UI/ml); BSP1 group: Fert-TALP medium with BSP1 (10 µg/ml for ejaculated sperm; 40 µg/ml for epididymal sperm); HEP + BSP1 group: Fert-TALP medium with heparin (5 UI/ml) and BSP1 (5 µg/ml for ejaculated sperm; 20 µg/ml for epididymal sperm) and determined in vitro capacitation rates in different interval times (0, 15, 30 and 60 min) using the chlortetracycline ﬂuorescence (CTC) method. Also, we evaluated the development rates of oocytes fertilized with ejaculated or epididymal sperm into the same treatments. Capacitation was greater and faster when ejaculated sperm were treated for 60 min with heparin compared with other treatments. However, developmental rates were similar in all treatments. For epididymal sperm, the treatments with BSP1 presented higher capacitation and fertilization rates compared with heparin (P < 0.05). The effects of heparin + BSP1 on capacitation and developmental rates did not cause any increase in capacitation or blastocyst rates compared with other groups for ejaculated or epididymal sperm. In conclusion, this study confirmed that either BSP1 and heparin can be used as capacitator agents for bovine ejaculated sperm during IVF. However, BSP1 seems to be more efficient compared with heparin for epididymal sperm. Furthermore, BSP1 and heparin have no synergic effects on sperm capacitation.
Catheter-based palliation for infants with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Lingaswamy Dasana , Koepcke Louisa , Krishna Mani Ram , Kottayil Brijesh P. , Sunil Gopalraj S. , Moynihan Katie , Seshadri Balaji , Kumar Raman Krishna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:The optimal management of symptomatic tetralogy of Fallot in neonates and younger infants with unfavourable anatomy is unclear and is further constrained by resource limitations in low and middle income countries.Methods:Retrospective medical record review of infants with tetralogy of Fallot undergoing corrective or palliative procedures between January 2016 and June 2019.Results:The study included 120 infants; of whom 83 underwent primary complete repair, four underwent surgical palliation, and 33 underwent catheter-based palliation, including balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (n = 18), right ventricular outflow tract stenting (n = 14), and stenting of the patent arterial duct (n = 1). Infants undergoing catheter-based procedures were younger in age (median 32 days; inter-quartile range (IQR) 7–144 versus 210 days; IQR 158–250), with lower baseline saturation (65 ± 12% versus 87 ± 7%) and had smaller pulmonary artery z-scores compared to the complete repair cohort. Follow-up was available for 31/33 (94%) infants (median 7 months [IQR 4–11]) who underwent trans-catheter palliation; 12 underwent complete repair, 10 are well, awaiting repair, eight required further palliation (catheter: 6; surgical: 2), and one died post-discharge from non-cardiac causes.Conclusion:Catheter-based palliation is a safe and effective alternative in infants with tetralogy of Fallot who are at high risk for primary surgical repair.
Qualitative Replication as a Pedagogical Approach to Teaching Research Methods
Authors: Becker Megan 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe importance of replication has been a major matter of discussion among political scientists for decades. However, in the past five years, the issue has gained greater traction, with many major journals adopting official standards for Data Access and Research Transparency (DA-RT). At the same time, scholars suggest the pivotal role that replication might play in methods training for students. Unfortunately, these conversations have been limited in that they emphasize quantitative methods and training of graduate students. This article seeks to fill this gap by offering commentary on the author’s experience in introducing a qualitative replication project in an upper-division undergraduate course. The students in the course replicated Ross’s (2004) influential article on the “resource curse,” but the assignment framework can be adopted for various topics and contexts.
Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Explaining Youths’ Relative Absence in Legislatures
Authors: Sundström Aksel , Stockemer Daniel 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThis article conceptualizes the relative absence of youth in legislatures, a feature we perceive as a democratic deficit with detrimental consequences. It introduces a new operationalization: the Youth Representation Index. Rather than calculating youths’ representation by the percentage of Members of Parliament 35 or 40 years old and younger or legislatures’ median age, we argue that scholars should assess youths’ parliamentary presence relative to their proportion of the voting-age population. We contribute by assessing the magnitude of youths’ underrepresentation across countries, finding that adults 35 years old and younger are generally underrepresented in legislatures by a factor of three and those 40 years old and younger by a factor of two. We illustrate that youths’ presence increases under proportional representation electoral systems and with candidate age requirements set at 18 years. Finally, our results illustrate that countries with a younger population display a stronger discrepancy in youth representation.