bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude, and preparedness toward IPV care provision among nurses and midwives in Tanzania
Authors: Ambikile Joel Seme , Leshabari Sebalda , Ohnishi Mayumi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
With increasing recognition of intimate partner violence (IPV) as a public health challenge, nurses and midwives are recognized for their crucial role in providing front-line healthcare services for IPV. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and preparedness related to IPV care provision in health facilities among nurses and midwives in Tanzania.

Methods
A self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses and midwives working in health facilities in the Mbeya region between December 2018 and January 2019. The questionnaire consisted of questions on their perceived and actual knowledge, attitudes, and preparedness to provide care in relation to IPV.

Results
A total of 662 (50.1%) of 1321 nurses and midwives who worked in hospitals and/or health centers in the Mbeya region participated in this study, and 461 (69.6%) completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. The proportion of nurses and midwives with high scores in IPV perceived knowledge, actual knowledge, attitude, and preparedness to provide care was 59.9%, 53.1%, 54.2%, and 54.0%, respectively. Regardless of the type of facility, gender, educational level, and work experience, the use of IPV guidelines was significantly associated with high scores in IPV perceived knowledge (P < 0.001), actual knowledge (P = 0.004), and preparedness to provide care (P < 0.001), but not attitude, which was negatively associated (P = 0.048). Regardless of the type of facility, gender, educational level, and work experience, receiving preservice IPV training was associated with high scores in IPV perceived knowledge (P < 0.001), actual knowledge (P = 0.049), and preparedness to provide care (P = 0.002), but not attitude (P = 0.192). Regardless of the type of facility, gender, educational level, and work experience, in-service IPV training was associated with high scores in IPV perceived knowledge (P < 0.001), actual knowledge (P = 0.043), and preparedness to provide care (P = 0.001), but not attitude (P = 0.063).

Conclusions
Although guidelines and training could improve nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge and preparedness to provide care regarding IPV, attitudes against IPV care are a challenge. To improve attitudes regarding IPV among front-line nurses and midwives, it is necessary to address concepts of IPV care and sympathy with potential and actual victims of IPV in pre- and in-service training in addition to providing recall-level knowledge.
Designing and psychometric of reproductive health related behaviors assessment tool in Iranian males: an exploratory mixed method study protocol
Authors: Geranmayeh Mehrnaz , Zareiyan Armin , Moghadam Zahra Behboodi , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Sanaati Fovziye 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Male reproductive health is a relatively new concept, and most men are neglected in reproductive health discussions. Therefore, it appears that there is insufficient information about the male reproductive health. This study aims to design a psychometric instrument for assessing the male reproductive health-related behavior.

Methods/design
This is a sequential exploratory mixed-method study with a classical instrument development design. It will be conducted in two qualitative and quantitative phases on the studied units including the men living in Tehran. In the first phase, a qualitative study of a contractual content analysis approach will be conducted in order to perceive the concept of male reproductive health-related behavior, determine the dimensions of the questionnaire, and explore the items. In the second phase, a quantitative study will be carried out to evaluate the psychometric properties as well as (form, content, and construct) validity and reliability of the instrument designed in the first phase. Finally, the instrument will be scored and interpreted.

Discussion
Discovering men’s perception of concept of reproductive health-related behavior can help design a valid and reliable questionnaire which can be used in studies evaluating the male reproductive health-related behavior.

Ethical code
IR.TUMS.FNM.REC.1397.157.
Evaluation of the bone morphology around four types of porous metal implants placed in distal femur of ovariectomized rats
Authors: Bondarenko Stanislav , Ashukina Nataliya , Maltseva Valentyna , Ivanov Gennadiy , Badnaoui Ahmed Amine , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo compare structural features of the femoral bone of ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized rats after implantation of porous materials (TANTALUM, CONCELOC, TTM, ATLANT).MethodsExperiments were carried out on 56 white laboratory female rats aged 6 months. Rats were randomly assigned into groups: sham-operated control group (SH) or ovariectomy group (OVX). Four different commercial implant materials (TTM, CONCELOC, TANTALUM, ATLANT) were placed into the defects (diameter 2.5 mm, depth 3.0 mm) in the distal metaphysis of femurs. Rats were sacrificed 45 days after surgery. Histological study was performed and the percentage of the bone area (BA%) around the implant at a distance of 500 μm in the cancellous area was measured.ResultsFormation of mature bone tissue of varying degrees around all of the implants was detected. In OVX rats cancellous bone defect zone was characterized by a high density of osteocytes on the surface. In the SH group, no differences in BA% among implant materials were found. In OVX rats, the BA% around ATLANT implants was 1.5-time less (p= 0.002) than around TANTALUM. The BA% around the rest of the materials was not statistically different.ConclusionsBone formation around the studied porous titanium and tantalum materials in the osteoporosis model was lower than in normal bone. There were differences in bone formation around the different materials in the osteoporosis model, while in the normal bone model, these differences were absent.
Mapping epigenetic modifications on chicken lampbrush chromosomes
Authors: Kulikova Tatiana , Surkova Anna , Zlotina Anna , Krasikova Alla 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe epigenetic regulation of genome is crucial for implementation of the genetic program of ontogenesis through establishing and maintaining differential gene expression. Thus mapping of various epigenetic modifications to the genome is relevant for studying the regulation of gene expression. Giant transcriptionally active lampbrush chromosomes are an established tool for high resolution physical mapping of the genome and its epigenetic modifications. This study is aimed at characterizing the epigenetic status of compact chromatin domains (chromomeres) of chicken lampbrush macrochromosomes.ResultsDistribution of three epigenetic modifications – 5-methylcytosine, histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 9 and hyperacetylated histone H4 – along the axes of chicken lampbrush chromosomes 1–4, Z and W was analyzed in details. Enrichment of chromatin domains with the investigated epigenetic modifications was indicated on the cytological chromomere-loop maps for corresponding chicken lampbrush chromosomes. Heterogeneity in the distribution of 5-methylcytosine and histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 9 along the chromosome axes was revealed.ConclusionsOn examples of certain chromomeres of chicken lampbrush chromosomes 1, 3, 4 and W we demonstrated that a combination of immunofluorescent staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization allows to relate the epigenetic status and a DNA sequence context of individual chromomeres.
Chest physiotherapy improves lung aeration in hypersecretive critically ill patients: a pilot randomized physiological study
Authors: Longhini Federico , Bruni Andrea , Garofalo Eugenio , Ronco Chiara , Gusmano Andrea , Cammarota Gianmaria , Pasin Laura , Frigerio Pamela , Chiumello Davide , Navalesi Paolo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundBesides airway suctioning, patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation (iMV) benefit of different combinations of chest physiotherapy techniques, to improve mucus removal. To date, little is known about the clearance effects of oscillating devices on patients with acute respiratory failure undergoing iMV. This study aimed to assess (1) the effects of high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) on lung aeration and ventilation distribution, as assessed by electrical impedance tomography (EIT), and (2) the effect of the association of HFCWO with recruitment manoeuvres (RM).MethodsSixty critically ill patients, 30 classified as normosecretive and 30 as hypersecretive, who received ≥ 48 h of iMV, underwent HFCWO; patients from both subgroups were randomized to receive RM or not, according to two separated randomization sequences. We therefore obtained four arms of 15 patients each. After baseline record (T0), HFCWO was applied for 10 min. At the end of the treatment (T1) or after 1 (T2) and 3 h (T3), EIT data were recorded. At the beginning of each step, closed tracheobronchial suctioning was performed. In the RM subgroup, tracheobronchial suctioning was followed by application of 30 cmH2O to the patient’s airway for 30 s. At each step, we assessed the change in end-expiratory lung impedance (ΔEELI) and in tidal impedance variation (ΔTIV), and the center of gravity (COG) through EIT. We also analysed arterial blood gases (ABGs).ResultsΔTIV and COG did not differ between normosecretive and hypersecretive patients. Compared to T0, ΔEELI significantly increased in hypersecretive patients at T2 and T3, irrespective of the RM; on the contrary, no differences were observed in normosecretive patients. No differences of ABGs were recorded.ConclusionsIn hypersecretive patients, HFCWO significantly improved aeration of the dorsal lung region, without affecting ABGs. The application of RM did not provide any further improvements.Trial registrationProspectively registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (www.anzctr.org.au; number of registration: ACTRN12615001257550; date of registration: 17th November 2015).
Knowledge-primed neural networks enable biologically interpretable deep learning on single-cell sequencing data
Authors: Fortelny Nikolaus , Bock Christoph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDeep learning has emerged as a versatile approach for predicting complex biological phenomena. However, its utility for biological discovery has so far been limited, given that generic deep neural networks provide little insight into the biological mechanisms that underlie a successful prediction. Here we demonstrate deep learning on biological networks, where every node has a molecular equivalent, such as a protein or gene, and every edge has a mechanistic interpretation, such as a regulatory interaction along a signaling pathway.ResultsWith knowledge-primed neural networks (KPNNs), we exploit the ability of deep learning algorithms to assign meaningful weights in multi-layered networks, resulting in a widely applicable approach for interpretable deep learning. We present a learning method that enhances the interpretability of trained KPNNs by stabilizing node weights in the presence of redundancy, enhancing the quantitative interpretability of node weights, and controlling for uneven connectivity in biological networks. We validate KPNNs on simulated data with known ground truth and demonstrate their practical use and utility in five biological applications with single-cell RNA-seq data for cancer and immune cells.ConclusionsWe introduce KPNNs as a method that combines the predictive power of deep learning with the interpretability of biological networks. While demonstrated here on single-cell sequencing data, this method is broadly relevant to other research areas where prior domain knowledge can be represented as networks.
Integrating GWAS, linkage mapping and gene expression analyses reveals the genetic control of growth period traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Wang Tengyue , Wei Lijuan , Wang Jia , Xie Ling , Li Yang Yang , Ran Shuyao , Ren Lanyang , Lu Kun , Li Jiana , Timko Michael P. , Liu Liezhao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Brassica napus is one of the most important oilseed crops, and also an important biofuel plant due to its low air pollution and renewability. Growth period are important traits that affect yield and are crucial for its adaptation to different environments in B. napus.

Results
To elucidate the genetic basis of growth period traits, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and linkage mapping were employed to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for days to initial flowering (DIF), days to final flowering (DFF), flowering period (FP), maturity time (MT), and whole growth period (GP). A total of 146 SNPs were identified by association mapping, and 83 QTLs were identified by linkage mapping using the RIL population. Among these QTLs, 19 were pleiotropic SNPs related to multiple traits, and six (q18DFF.A03-2, q18MT.A03-2, q17DFF.A05-1, q18FP.C04, q17DIF.C05 and q17GP.C09) were consistently detected using both mapping methods. Additionally, we performed RNA sequencing to analyze the differential expression of gene (DEG) transcripts between early- and late-flowering lines selected from the RIL population, and the DEGs were integrated with association mapping and linkage analysis to confirm their roles in the growth period. Consequently, 12 candidate genes associated with growth period traits were identified in B. napus. Among these genes, seven have polymorphic sites in the coding sequence and the upstream 2-kb sequence based on the resequencing data. The haplotype BnaSOC1.A05-Haplb and BnaLNK2.C06-Hapla showed more favorable phenotypic traits.

Conclusions
The candidate genes identified in this study will contribute to our genetic understanding of growth period traits and can be used as targets for target mutations or marker-assisted breeding for rapeseed adapted to different environments.
Value of point-of-care ultrasonography compared with computed tomography scan in detecting potential life-threatening conditions in blunt chest trauma patients
Authors: Jahanshir Amirhosein , Moghari Shida Mohajer , Ahmadi Ayat , Moghadam Pejman Z. , Bahreini Maryam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Ultrasonography is a suitable modality that can potentially improve patient care, saving time and lives.

Purpose
This article has evaluated the caveats and pitfalls of point-of-care ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pneumothorax, hemothorax and contusion.

Materials and methods
This prospective study was performed in 157 patients with blunt chest trauma in 3 university hospitals. Ultrasonography was performed by 2 board-certified emergency medicine specialists and an emergency medicine resident PGY-3 after passing the training process successfully.

Results
The false-negative cases were not significantly correlated with accompanying traumatic injuries. Lung ultrasonography accompanied by chest physical examination show accuracy 91.8. Point-of-care ultrasonography (PoCUS) showed sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 100%, positive-predictive value (PPV) of 100% and a negative-predictive value (NPV) of 94.9% for the diagnosis of pneumothorax. For hemothorax, bedside PoCUS had a sensitivity of 45.4%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100% and NPV of 91.8%. PoCUS was assessed 58.1% sensitive and 100% specific for detecting lung contusion with positive-predictive value (PPV) of 100% and a negative-predictive value (NPV) of 86.3%. Performing US resulted in no false-positive cases.

Conclusions
Point-of-care ultrasonography was highly sensitive to detect pneumothorax and can be beneficial for the disposition of stable patients and to detect PTX in unstable patients before transferring to the operating room. It is also moderately appropriate for the diagnosis of hemothorax and lung contusion compared to the gold standard, CT scan. It is essential to consider the false-negative and false-positive instances of lung ultrasound in various situations to enhance management and disposition of blunt thoracic injuries.
Cost-effectiveness of health technologies in adults with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Pease Anthony , Zomer Ella , Liew Danny , Lo Clement , Earnest Arul , Zoungas Sophia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
With the rapid development of technologies for type 1 diabetes, economic evaluations are integral in guiding cost-effective clinical and policy decisions. We therefore aimed to review and synthesise the current economic literature for available diabetes management technologies and outline key determinants of cost-effectiveness.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted in April 2019 that focused on modelling or trial based economic evaluations. Searched databases included Medline, Medline in-process and other non-indexed citations, EMBASE, PubMed, All Evidenced Based Medicine Reviews, EconLit, Cost-effectiveness analysis Registry, Research Papers in Economics, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and PROSPERO from inception. We assessed quality of included studies with the Questionnaire to Assess Relevance and Credibility of Modeling Studies for Informing Health Care Decision Making an ISPOR-AMCP-NPC good practice task force report. Screening of abstracts and full-texts, appraisal, and extraction were performed by two independent researches.

Results
We identified 16,772 publications, of which 35 were analysed and included 11 health technologies. Despite a lack of consensus, most studies reported that insulin pumps (56%) or interstitial glucose sensors (62%) were cost-effective, although incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged widely ($14,266–$2,997,832 USD). Cost-effectiveness for combined insulin pumps and glucose sensors was less clear. Determinants of cost-effectiveness included treatment effects on glycosylated haemoglobin and hypoglycaemia, costing of technologies and complications, and measures of utility.

Conclusions
Insulin pumps or glucose sensors appeared cost-effective, particularly in populations with higher HbA1c levels and rates of hypoglycaemia. However, cost-effectiveness for combined insulin pumps and glucose sensors was less clear.

Registration
The study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42017077221.
Local stability of mappings on multi-normed spaces
Authors: Park Choonkil , Noori Batool , Moghimi M. B. , Najati Abbas , Rassias J. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFirst we investigate the Hyers–Ulam stability of the Cauchy functional equation for mappings from bounded (unbounded) intervals into Banach spaces. Then we study the Hyers–Ulam stability of the functional equation $f(xy)=xg(y)+h(x)y$
f
(
x
y
)
=
x
g
(
y
)
+
h
(
x
)
y
for mappings from bounded (unbounded) intervals into multi-normed spaces.
The economic cost and patient-reported outcomes of chronic Achilles tendon ruptures
Authors: Nilsson Niklas , Nilsson Helander Katarina , Hamrin Senorski Eric , Holm Anna , Karlsson Jón , Svensson Mikael , Westin Olof 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
While most Achilles tendon ruptures are dramatic and diagnosed quickly, some are missed, with a risk of becoming chronic. A chronic Achilles tendon rupture is defined as a rupture that has been left untreated for more than 4 weeks. By mapping the health economic cost of chronic Achilles tendon ruptures the health-care system might be able to better distribute resources to detect these ruptures at an earlier time.

Method
All patients with a chronic Achilles tendon rupture who were treated surgically at Sahlgrenska University Hospital or Kungsbacka Hospital between 2013 and 2018 were invited to participate in the study. The patients were evaluated postoperatively using the validated Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS). The health-care costs were assessed using clinical records. The production-loss costs were extracted from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. The cost of chronic Achilles tendon ruptures was then compared with the cost of acute ruptures in a previous study by Westin et.al.

Results
Forty patients with a median (range) age of 66 (28–86) were included in the study. The mean total cost (± SD) for the patients with a chronic Achilles tendon rupture was 6494 EUR ± 6508, which is 1276 EUR higher than the mean total cost of acute ruptures. Patients with chronic Achilles tendon ruptures reported a mean (min-max) postoperative ATRS of 73 (14–100).

Conclusion
Missing an Achilles tendon rupture will entail higher health-care costs compared with acute ruptures. Health-care resources can be saved if Achilles tendon ruptures are detected at an early stage.
Research activity does not affect nest predation rates of the Silver-throated Tit, a passerine bird building domed nests
Authors: Hu Qian , Wen Ye , Yu Gaoyang , Yin Jiangnan , Guan Haohui , Lv Lei , Wang Pengcheng , Xu Jiliang , Wang Yong , Zhang Zhengwang , Li Jianqiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Research activities have often been thought to potentially influence avian nesting success by increasing nest predation rates. Although recent studies of species building open nests and cavity nests suggest that research disturbance does not generally induce nest predation, whether it is also the case in species building domed-nests remains unknown. In birds, domed-nest species exist in about half of the passerine families, and research disturbance to the domed nests may differ from that to the nests of other types for their different nest structures.

Methods
We investigated if research activities affected nest predation rate by analyzing the relationships of the daily nest survival rate with the research activities at the egg and nestling stages of a domed-nest species, the Silver-throated Tit (Aegithalos glaucogularis).

Results
Our results showed that nest daily survival rate was significantly affected by the laying date and nest age during the egg stage, and by the hatching date only during the nestling stage. By contrast, there were no significant effects of research activities, in terms of visiting nests and filming nests, on the nest survival of the Silver-throated Tit at both the egg and nestling stages.

Conclusions
Our results coincide with the findings in species building other types of nests that research activities do not always have negative effects on avian nesting success.
Frequency of Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 1, 2, 3,6 and 7 and clinical profile of Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 3 in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim Norlinah , Lau Yue Hui , Ariffin Noorasyikin , Md Desa Siti Hajar , Azizan Elena , Chin Long Kha , Md Rani Shahrul Azmin , Yakob Yusnita , Datuk Puvanarajah Santhi , van de Warrenburg Bart 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are highly heterogenous group of neurodegenerative diseases causing progressive cerebellar dysfunction. We report the first description of relative frequencies of the common SCA mutations and of phenotypic characteristics of SCA3 patients among Malaysians. Pooled data from adult Malaysian patients who had undergone genetic testing for SCA 1,2,3,6 and 7 at UKM Medical Centre and Institute for Medical Research from 2017 to 2020 were analysed. Fifteen patients with SCA 3 had detailed clinical phenotype evaluation using Inventory for Non -Ataxia Signs (INAS) and Ataxia Severity evaluation using the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Out of 152 adults patients who were tested for common SCA mutations, 64(42.1%) patients were tested positive for either SCA 1,2,3,6 or 7. Of the 64 positive cases, 44 (68.9%) patients were diagnosed with SCA 3 followed by SCA 2 in 13(20.3%) patients and SCA 1 in 5 (7.8%) patients. Our findings suggest that Malay race had the highest frequency of SCA (n = 34, 50%), followed by the Chinese (n = 16, 23.5%) and approximately 60 (93.8%) SCA patients had first degree family history. In conclusion, SCA 3 is the commonest SCA in Malaysia, followed by SCA 2 and SCA 1. It is important to develop a proper registry of SCA patients to further understand the true prevalence and local impact of the disease in Malaysia.