bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estado del agua del río Cesar por vertimientos residuales de la ciudad de Valledupar. Bioindicación por índice BMWP/COL
Authors: Oñate Barraza Hernando Carlos , Cortez Henao Gridis Yulieht 
Published: October 2020

Resumen
Objetivo: El objeto de este artículo es cualificar las condiciones de la corriente del río Cesar en la zona de influencia del vertimiento del STAR del municipio de Valledupar, y su relación con los indicadores de contaminación biológica e índice de calidad BMWP.
Metodología: Se establecieron cuatro estaciones de muestreo sobre la corriente del río Cesar: E1 y E2, localizadas aguas arriba de la zona de mezcla de la descarga residual de la ciudad; E3, ubicada en el punto de mezcla del vertimiento y el río; y E4, situada aguas abajo de la descarga. Permitiendo conocer sus características fisicoquímicas y determinar la condición biológica de la corriente según el índice BMWP/COL para los cuatro puntos de muestreo establecidos.
Resultados: En las estaciones E1 y E2, se obtuvieron macroinvertebrados indicadores de aguas limpias y bien oxigenadas, con una clasificación de agua aceptable; mientras que las estaciones E3 y E4, indicadores de aguas contaminadas de calidad dudosa; siendo E4 la más crítica con concentraciones de oxígeno y DBO5 de 4,61 mg/l y 51,42 mg/l, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: La estación E4 evidencia la calidad de agua más contaminada según el índice aplicado, a pesar de la presencia de individuos de los géneros Hemíptera y Trichóptera que reciben una alta puntuación en el índice BMWP. Se da también la aparición de grupos de macroinvertebrados indicadores de aguas de pésima calidad como los dípteros de la familia Ephydriidae, Culicidae y Chironomidae.
Factores que determinan el uso de las TIC en adultos mayores de Chile
Authors: Aguilar-Flores Sandra Marlene , Chiang-Vega Margarita María 
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar los factores del uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en los adultos mayores de la provincia de Concepción Chile, basado en el modelo La Teoría Unificada de Adopción y Uso de Tecnología (UTAUT). El estudio se realizó sobre la población de 101 adultos mayores, para el análisis de los datos ycomprobar las hipótesis, se ha estimado un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Las relaciones propuestas, utilizando variables latentes, contribuyen a explicar el Uso de las tecnologías de la información en un 55 % en los adultos mayores. Para disminuir la brecha digital, se puede concluir que sí existen factores que determinan positivamente el uso de las TIC, lo que les facilita tener acceso de forma óptima, de este modo mejoraría su calidad de vida y una real integración digital.
Exploring learners’ emotions and emotional profiles in simulation-based medical education
Authors: Keskitalo Tuulikki , Ruokamo Heli 
Published: October 2020

Medical education can be emotionally charged for many reasons, while simulation-based activities in particular are designed to generate emotional reactions. However, few studies have concentrated on the relationship between learning and emotions in this field, despite widespread interest in the topic in other areas. The aim of this research was to study the emotional experiences of participants before and after simulation-based teaching and learning activities. Data were collected from 238 participants using pre- and post-questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics, a paired samples t test, factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, a linear regression analysis and k-means cluster analysis. Participants were clustered into engaged, neutral and anxious learners based on their emotional profiles. The results showed that simulation-based learning invoked mainly positive emotions, whereas negative emotions decreased to a slight degree during an educational course. This study also revealed variables that may explain emotional variations. The article provides practical implications of the findings for simulation-based medical education and higher education in general.
Implications for practice or policy:

Positive emotions in simulation-based education can be promoted by challenging participants and providing activities at the appropriate level of difficulty.
Learners may benefit from individual guidance and support, reducing their anxiety and building their sense of medical competence.
Being cognisant of emotional subgroups among participants can help tailor instruction for individual learners.
Simulation-based education can be targeted to educate learners to cope with difficult emotions and how to seek help.
Przyczyny opóźnień w transpozycji dyrektyw europejskich do polskiego porządku prawnego w świetle analizy ilościowej krajowego procesu legislacyjnego
Authors: Sokołowski Jacek K. , Stolicki Dariusz 
Published: October 2020

W świetle tabel wyników rynku wewnętrznego Komisji Europejskiej Polska należy do krajów członkowskich o najwyższym deficycie zgodności prawa krajowego z unijnym, przede wszystkim ze względu na powtarzające się istotne opóźnienia w zakresie transpozycji dyrektyw. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia rezultaty badań ilościowych, opartych na bazie aktów prawnych implementujących prawo UE po 2004 r i poszukuje przyczyn opóźnień, w szczególności poddając analizie, czy są one powodowane w większym stopniu przez działania władzy wykonawczej, czy ustawodawczej. Z naszych ustaleń wynika, że o ile parlamentarny proces stanowienia prawa przebiega w odniesieniu do ustaw implementacyjnych z reguły szybciej niż w odniesieniu do ustaw zwykłych, o tyle inicjacja tegoż procesu dokonuje się tak późno, że zazwyczaj nie jest już możliwe dokonanie terminowej transpozycji aktu unijnego. W istocie, większość projektów ustaw implementacyjnych wnoszonych jest do Sejmu w momencie, gdy przewidziany dla implementowanej dyrektywy termin transpozycji już upłynął. Wyniki sugerują, że to raczej rząd, a nie parlament jest odpowiedzialny za rosnące opóźnienia, jak również że skuteczność rządu w implementacji prawa UE ulega systematycznemu pogorszeniu (najmniejszeopóźnienia w transpozycji występowały bezpośrednio po akcesji). Szereg aspektów analizowanego zjawiska – jak np. rola konfliktu politycznego w generowaniu opóźnień – wymaga jednak dalszych badań.
SIPRI YEARBOOK 2016
Authors: Magiera Maciej 
Published: October 2020

Komentarz poświęcono „SIPRI YEARBOOK 2016” i zawartym w nim najważniejszym tendencjom potwierdzonych najbardziej aktualną wiedzą. Coroczne opracowanie w kompleksowy sposób ukazuje aktywność aktorów międzynarodowych w kwestii światowych wydatków zbrojeniowych, międzynarodowych transferów broni, produkcji zbrojeniowej, sił nuklearnych, konfliktów zbrojnych czy multilateralnych operacji pokojowych. ędzynarodowych w kwestii światowych.
Teologiczna ocena prośby o obcą interwencję przeciw rodakom w 1 Mch 6,21-27
Authors: Nawrot Janusz 
Published: October 2020

The passage 1 Macc 6: 21-27 contains no less than a request of renegades from the Jewishcommunity for military intervention of the Seleucid troops in Judea. This request serves to endthe Maccabean Revolt and continue with the policy of transforming Israel into a region completely submitted to the central royal authority. As such, and from a theological point of view, the renegades’ request receives a completely negative evaluation from the inspired author. The question why the citadel’s besieged defenders even manage to escape and do it successfully is given here much thought. If God is in one way or another the foundation and cause of all human activity in the theology of the Old Testament, then the successful escape could be evaluated as God’s objection to the arbitrary actions taken by Judas, who becomes too intoxicated with his previous achievements. The siege of the citadel might be perceived as the insurgents’ insubordination to God’s will and consequently a beginning of His withdrawal from supporting the rebels, which ultimately ends in their defeat in the soon-to-come Battle of Elasa.
Diets for patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplant—a review
Authors: Stuhler Rivanna 
Published: October 2020

At present there is no known consensus or standard of practice when recommending diet modifications for patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). There is large variation between centres in terms of which patients are required to follow a restricted diet, what foods are or are not permitted, and how long patients should follow a modified or restricted diet. Some centres continue to recommend outdated highly restrictive “neutropenic” or “low bacteria” (ND/LBD) diets despite a lack of evidence indicating benefit. Many centres are now moving towards more liberalized diets based on a “food safety” approach which follows guidelines from food and health agencies such as the FDA, CDC, and Health Canada, as well as research that shows that these diets are equally safe and potentially more beneficial than ND/LBD in terms of acceptance, satisfaction, and adherence. This article reviews and discusses the current body of literature relating to diet post-HSCT. Statement of novelty: An up-to-date review of diets recommended post-HSCT and a rationale for moving towards a food-safety based approach over neutropenic or low bacteria diets, which continue to be widely followed.
Tunable optical metasurfaces enabled by multiple modulation mechanisms
Authors: Che Yuanhang , Wang Xiaoting , Song Qinghai , Zhu Yabei , Xiao Shumin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
With their ultrathin characteristics as well as the powerful and flexible capabilities of wavefront modulation, optical metasurfaces have brought a new understanding of the interaction between light and matter and provided a powerful way to constrain and manage light. However, the unmodifiable structures and the immutable materials used in the construction lead to the unsatisfactory applications in most functional devices. The emergence of tunable optical metasurfaces breaks the aforementioned limitations and enables us to achieve dynamic control of the optical response. The work in recent years has focused on achieving tunability of optical metasurfaces through material property transition and structural reconfiguration. In this review, some tunable optical metasurfaces in recent years are introduced and summarized, as well as the advantages and limitations of various materials and mechanisms used for this purpose. The corresponding applications in functional devices based on tunability are also discussed. The review is terminated with a short section on the possible future developments and perspectives for future applications.
Novel Large-Scale Three-Dimensional Fracturing Experimental Apparatus and Application to Vertical-Well Hydraulic Fracturing of Hard Roof
Authors: Pan Chao , Xia Binwei , Yu Bin , Yu Peng , Luo Yafei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Effective control of high-position hard roofs (HHRs) is important to meet the requirements of safe and efficient mining. Vertical-well hydraulic fracturing (VWHF) is an innovative control method developed for releasing strong ground pressure behavior induced by HHRs. Understanding the hydraulic fracture extension law and its spatial form is critical for VWHF applications on HHRs. To address this problem, we have developed a large-scale three-dimensional fracturing simulation apparatus. The effective sample size is 2,060 by 1,200 by 1,200 mm. The primary loading subsystem maintains full closed-loop control of stress and displacement and can perform one-way, two-way, three-way, and step-wise independent loading and unloading with a maximum three-dimensional loading capacity of 10 MPa. The apparatus can achieve gas sealing of 3 MPa. The time-space distribution law of multiple parameters in the apparatus can be monitored using 240 simultaneous test channels, and experimental phenomena can be observed in real time using the visual monitoring system. The fracturing subsystem can achieve flow infinite transformation between 0 to 107 mL/min and water pressure up to 51.7 MPa. The apparatus simulates hydraulic (supercritical carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen) fracturing of coal-rock mass under complex stress and a gas-containing environment. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first large-scale three-dimensional fracturing simulation experiments performed on hard roof sandstone samples. We analyze the distribution and change of acoustic emission signal and stress before and after fracturing and determine the hydraulic fracture propagation law, which reflects characteristics of hydraulic fracturing hard roof processes in a large-scale fracture network. These experiments validate the capability and reliability of the newly developed apparatus. The results provide strong technical support for VWHF to weaken HHRs.
Iodine contrast prior to or during pregnancy and neonatal thyroid function: a systematic review
Authors: van Welie Nienke , Portela Maite , Dreyer Kim , Schoonmade Linda J , van Wely Madelon , Mol Ben Willem J , van Trotsenburg Adrianus S P , Lambalk Cornelis B , Mijatovic Velja , Finken Martijn J J 
Published: October 2020

Objective
Thyroid dysfunction is a known side effect of iodinated contrast media. There is some evidence to suggest that iodinated contrast media administered to pregnant women may cause thyroid dysfunction not only in themselves but also in their offspring. Here, we systematically evaluated literature on the use of iodinated contrast media prior to or during pregnancy on the offspring’s thyroid function.

Design
Systematic review of published literature.

Materials and methods
Relevant studies were identified by PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library up to June 5, 2020. All study designs, reporting on the foetal or neonatal thyroid function after exposure to iodinated contrast media prior to or during pregnancy, were included. We undertook random effects meta-analysis and pooled the estimates as proportions with 95% CIs.

Results
We identified 402 articles, of which 26 were included. Six studies reported (n = 369) on exposure to iodinated contrast media prior to pregnancy by hysterosalpingography and 20 studies (n = 670) on exposure to these media during pregnancy by amniofetography, urography or CT. There was low to high risk of bias. The proportion of (transient) neonatal thyroid dysfunction was 0.0% (95% CI: 0.0–2.9% based on 3 studies) for hysterosalpingography, 2.25% (95% CI: 0.03–6.55% based on 2 studies) for amniofetography and 0.0% (95% CI: 0.0–0.02% based on 5 studies) for CT. There was a tendency towards an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction with higher amounts of contrast used.

Conclusions
Exposure to iodinated contrast media prior to or during pregnancy may increase the risk of thyroid dysfunction in offspring. We recommend keeping the amount of contrast used as low as possible.
How Good Are Predictions of the Effects of Selective Sweeps on Levels of Neutral Diversity?
Authors: Charlesworth Brian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Selective sweeps are thought to play a significant role in shaping patterns of variability across genomes; accurate predictions of their effects are, therefore, important for understanding these patterns. A commonly used model of selective sweeps assumes that alleles sampled at the end of a sweep, and that fail to recombine with wild-type haplotypes during the sweep, coalesce instantaneously, leading to a simple expression for sweep effects on diversity. It is shown here that there can be a significant probability that a pair of alleles sampled at the end of a sweep coalesce during the sweep before a recombination event can occur, reducing their expected coalescent time below that given by the simple approximation. Expressions are derived for the expected reductions in pairwise neutral diversities caused by both single and recurrent sweeps in the presence of such within-sweep coalescence, although the effects of multiple recombination events during a sweep are only treated heuristically. The accuracies of the resulting expressions were checked against the results of simulations. For even moderate ratios of the recombination rate to the selection coefficient, the simple approximation can be substantially inaccurate. The selection model used here can be applied to favorable mutations with arbitrary dominance coefficients, to sex-linked loci with sex-specific selection coefficients, and to inbreeding populations. Using the results from this model, the expected differences between the levels of variability on X chromosomes and autosomes with selection at linked sites are discussed, and compared with data on a population of Drosophila melanogaster.
COVID-19 and public health risk communication in Manipur: a phone-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kayina T. Kayia Priscilla , Rajkumari Bishwalata , Keisam Avinash , Chelladurai Chelsia , Touthang Jangkholun , Rajkumari Joshna , Samurailatpam Priyanka , Devi Ningthoujam Suchitra 
Published: October 2020

Background: In the fight against COVID-19, communication remains as one of its most important strategic tools. To facilitate healthy behaviour among the general public, Central and State governments has been carrying out various awareness generating activities. This study plans to assess the adequacy of these activities by investigating people’s response by assessing their knowledge, attitudes and actions.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 1493 adults (≥ 18years) residents of Manipur state selected through Random Number Dialling of mobile numbers using a pre-tested interview schedule. Descriptive statistics were generated and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to test for association. A p-value of <0.05 was taken as significant. Approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee.Results: The average age of the participants was 34.3 years with females constituting 51%. Majority were aware of the common symptoms i.e. Fever (94.5%), Cough (87.1%), Difficulty in breathing (74.9%) of COVID-19. Preventive measures of hand-hygiene, wearing masks and social distancing were known to 90.3%, 94.8% and 75.6% respectively. Almost 60% agree that the lockdown imposed has worsened their daily living, and more than four-fifth of the participants were stressed and worried. Increase in level of education and per capita income per month was significantly associated with the higher knowledge regarding COVID-19 (p<0.05). There was gap in knowledge and practice and wrong practices were seen.Conclusions: A change in the health communication messages with emphasis on the need for correct practices through appropriate channels and community engagement is urgently required at this hour.
Dietary Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 and inulin in the management of chronic disease risk factors
Authors: Hijova Emilia , Strojný Ladislav , Bertková Izabela , Bomba Alojz , Štofilová Jana 
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities of modification of chronic disease risk factors with probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 and prebiotic inulin in rats with western high fat diet. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control group (CG group), group with high fat diet (HFD group), group receiving high fat diet in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 (HFD+PRO group), and group receiving high fat diet in combination with oligofructose enriched inulin (HFD+PRE group). The activity of β-glucuronidase, lipid parameters, bile acids, oxLDL, short chain fatty acids, and counts of coliforms and lactobacilli were determined. High fat diet as a key risk factor of chronic diseases had adverse effect on expression of metabolic and biochemical parameters. Dietary intake of Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 (HFD+PRO group) and inulin (HFD+PRE group) suppressed weight gain of rats. In HFD+PRO group, the level of total cholesterol (P<0.001), LDL-CH (P<0.05), oxLDL (P<0.001), total bile acids (P<0.001) were statistically significantly decreased, while the production of short chain fatty acids was enhanced. Changes in the selected parameters exhibited a similar tendency also in the HFD+PRE group. Activity of β-glucuronidase was statistically significantly decreased (P<0.001) in the HFD+PRE group. Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 and inulin caused a statistically significant increase in the count of lactobacilli (P<0.001) and a decrease in the number of coliforms (P<0.001). These results indicate Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 and inulin could be used in diet for human and animals as an important nutritional supplement or in medicinal products.
The Therapy of Burn Wound Healing in Rat (Wistar) by Using the Combination of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and Bone Marroe BM-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell
Authors: Revilla Gusti 
Published: October 2020

The therapy to heal the bum wound is still imperfect, therefore it is important to conduct specific research concerning this topic that benefits to society. Using both Bone Marrow-stem cell (BM-MSc) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from allogenic donors as part of the therapy to heal the bum wound seems to give positive prospect for the future treatment. In this experiment, PBMC and rat BM- derived from mesenchymal stem cell were used as the therapy model. lmmunocytochemistry was used as the method to characterize the phenotype of MSc, It was also used to express the collagen type I and the Indirect ELISA in analyzing the TGF·P 1 secretion. The rats with bum wound were divided into 2 kinds of group; the first group of rats was selected to control the use of PBS; while second group of rats was used as the treatment object that was medicated by the applying of the combination of both BM-MSC and PBMC. Stem-cells subcutaneously administered dose applied to each rat was around of 2 x 106 cells. The result showed that the levels of TGF-β1 secretion in day 3rd and day 7th on the rats which were treated by using the combination of BM-MSC and PBMC were higher compared to the rats from the control group. The experiment that concerns on the thickness of the collagen showed that combination between BM-MSC and PBMC stem cell make it possible in increasing the thickness of collagen 1, besides; it also showed significant differences (p=0.000). This research proved that the combination of BM-MSC and PBMC stem cell served can accelerate the healing process for the bum wound on rats through Increasing of TGF-P 1 secretion and collagen type 1 expression, It means that PBMCs can be applied as good as chemoattractant.