bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation and validation of ASL perfusion measurements for population imaging
Authors: Warnert Esther A. H. , Steketee Rebecca M. E. , Vernooij Meike W. , Ikram M. Arfan , Vogel Mika , Hernandez Tamames Juan‐Antonio , Kotek Gyula 
Published: April 2020

PurposePseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) allows for noninvasive measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), which has the potential to serve as biomarker for neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. This work aimed to implement and validate pCASL on the dedicated MRI system within the population‐based Rotterdam Study, which was installed in 2005 and for which software and hardware configurations have remained fixed.MethodsImaging was performed on two 1.5T MRI systems (General Electric); (I) the Rotterdam Study system, and (II) a hospital‐based system with a product pCASL sequence. An in‐house implementation of pCASL was created on scanner I. A flow phantom and three healthy volunteers (<27 years) were scanned on both systems for validation purposes. The data of the first 30 participants (86 ± 4 years) of the Rotterdam Study undergoing pCASL scans on scanner I only were analyzed with and without partial volume correction for gray matter.ResultsThe validation study showed a difference in blood flow velocity, sensitivity, and spatial coefficient of variation of the perfusion‐weighted signal between the two scanners, which was accounted for during post‐processing. Gray matter CBF for the Rotterdam Study participants was 52.4 ± 8.2 ml/100 g/min, uncorrected for partial volume effects of gray matter. In this elderly cohort, partial volume correction for gray matter had a variable effect on measured CBF in a range of cortical and sub‐cortical regions of interest.ConclusionRegional CBF measurements are now included to investigate novel biomarkers in the Rotterdam Study. This work highlights that when it is not feasible to purchase a novel ASL sequence, an in‐house implementation is valuable.
Rituximab in late‐onset myasthenia gravis is safe and effective
Authors: Sahai Supreet K. , Maghzi A. Hadi , Lewis Richard A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionLate‐onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG; onset after 50 years of age) has different therapeutic decisionmaking challenges than MG in younger patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective series of seven patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody–positive MG, all treated with rituximab.ResultsThe mean age of onset was 66 years. Three patients were nonresponders to previous therapy and six had developed side effects to prednisone. All patients were treated with at least one dose of rituximab. The MG Foundation of America Post‐Intervention Status ranged from MM‐0 to MM‐3 within a mean of 18.5 weeks. All patients were able to reduce or discontinue maintenance medications. No significant adverse events occurred.DiscussionThis series highlights the safety and efficacy of rituximab in LOMG. The presence of multiple comorbidities and the risks of other immunotherapy in older patients makes rituximab an attractive option. More experience is needed to clarify the use of rituximab for patients in this age group.
Audience success or art for art's sake? Efficiency evaluation of dance companies in the United States
Authors: del Barrio‐Tellado María José , Herrero‐Prieto Luis César , Murray Clare 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOur aim is to evaluate the performance of American dance companies, considering that the production process may be subdivided into consecutive stages consisting of fundraising, artistic production, and social impact. A three‐stage network‐Data Envelopment Analysis model is applied which takes account of the links between stages in the form of intermediate inputs/outputs and provides an overall indicator of efficiency together with partial performance indicators in the stages. Given the lack of information for some variables, we previously undertook a process to impute missing values following MICE (multiple imputation by chained equations) procedures. Results show that the highest levels of efficiency are achieved during the cultural creation stage, whereas the lowest correspond to social impact, indicating that dance companies pursue artistic excellence in their cultural programming, irrespective of their activity's commercial outcomes. Moreover, public and private funds are seen to be channeled following this guideline, thereby justifying the non‐profit status of these entities.
A cross‐sectional study of distress: A cancer response
Authors: Ekman Hanna , Pettersson Alexandra , Jakobsson Liselotte , Garmy Pernilla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the experience of distress in people with cancer of working age.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, patients (N = 168) with both ongoing (N = 56) and completed treatment (N = 105) completed the Distress Thermometer and the detailed problem list. Data were analysed by descriptive and analytical statistics.ResultsA large proportion of patients (29%) continued to experience high distress (>3 according to the Distress Thermometer) even after treatment was completed. Patients experienced several problems after treatment had ended such as fatigue (44%), sleep problems (34%), worries (31%), pain (31%), tingling in hands and feet (31%) and problems with memory/concentration (30%). Patients with financial/insurance problems had significantly higher distress than those who did not have these problems.
High‐Performance Methanal Sensor Based on Metal‐Organic Framework Based One‐Dimensional Photonic Crystal
Authors: Xing Yizhou , Shi Laixiang , Yan Jun , Chen Yunlin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne‐dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) based on metal‐organic framework (MOF) ((MIL‐101‐NH2 (Cr) / TiO2)n )was prepared by a spin coating method. The 1DPC structure was built to detect vapor gas. The optical properties of the 1DPC were investigated by varying the number of period, incident angles and thickness of MOF, and the results of the experiment are agreed with theoretical simulation. The 1DPC gas sensor shows good selectivity for vapor gas and allows for a reliable distinction between methanal and other investigated analytes with the maximal peak shift (43 nm). It was found that the response time and recovery time for the sensor are around 500 ms and 20 s, respectively. The relationship between the peak shift position and the methanal concentration was demonstrated to be linear. Moreover, the fabricated 1DPC exhibited high repeatability and long‐term storage and thermal stability, which are beneficial for practical applications.
Revealing the Role of Aggregation and Surface Chemistry in the Bi‐phasic Anion Exchange Reactions of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Sandeep K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTuning the emission of cesium lead halide perovskites by the post‐synthetic halogen exchange reactions is one of the easiest methods to obtain the opto‐electronic materials having emission in the entire visible region. Role of aggregation and the surface chemistry on the room temperature bi‐phasic anion exchange reactions of CsPbBr3 nanocrystal is investigated. Aggregation of the nanocrystals resulted in the decrease of surface bromide ions and CsPbBr3 became inactive towards the bi‐phasic anion exchange reactions. On the modification of the surface by enriching with bromide ions, aggregated CsPbBr3 nanocrystals became active towards anion exchange reaction. Surface halide ions have a significant role in the anion exchange reactions and the reaction starts at the surface and diffuses to the inner parts of the crystal as a result of its soft crystal nature. Understanding the role of surface chemistry on the anion exchange reactions, the potential of aggregated CsPbBr3 nanocrystals can be used for the opto‐electronic applications.
Retracted: 0D/3D Cu(II)‐containing coordination complexes constructed from the N,O‐donor ligands: structural insights and anticancer activity
Authors: Wang Jin‐Cai , Hu Peng , Zhao Rui‐Sheng , Li Hui‐Ling , Xu Zhi‐Chao , Guo Fei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo novel coordination polymers based on Cu(II) ions as the metal nodes, {Cu(pydc)(2,2‐bpy)(DMF)}n (1, H2pydc=3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylate, 2,2‐bpy=2,2‐bipyridine) and {[Cu(H2O)2(H2imdc)2](H2O)}n (2, H3imdc=1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid) have been synthesized via the hydrothermal or solvothermal conditions and characterized by techniques of elemental analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) as well as the analysis of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Furthermore, the anti‐tumor activities of compounds 1 and 2 against on U251 brain glioma cells were evaluated in vitro. The Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) detection was performed to assess anti‐tumor activities of compounds 1 and 2 on U251 brain glioma cells. The Annexin V‐FITC/PI approach and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to determine the U251 brain glioma cells apoptosis after compounds treatment. Besides, the ROS assay was utilized to determine the ROS accumulation within U251 brain glioma cells after compounds treatment. The RT‐PCR was conducted to measure the ROS related genes relative expression.
FeCl3‐Mediated Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation and Oxidative Annulations: Facile Synthesis of Benzofurans
Authors: Zhang Xiongfei , Zeng Piaopiao , Zhang Shuo , Chen Zhiwei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn efficient method for the facile synthesis of benzofurans through FeCl3‐mediated intermolecular tandem reaction of anisole with glyoxal monohydrates was reported. This process provided the privileged structures of benzofurans in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. This reaction has many advantages, such as readily available starting materials, high atom economy and good functional group tolerance. This is firstly reported that FeCl3, acting as both a Lewis acid and an oxidant, was used for the synthesis of benzofuran.
A Selective and Reversible Fluorescent Probe for Zn2+ Detection in Living Cells
Authors: Chen Xin , Ma Yufan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Qing , Wang Hongmei , Wang Zhuo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA newly 8‐aminoquioline based fluorescent probe (NQA) was designed and synthesized as a good turn‐on fluorescence sensor to reversibly detect Zn2+. The probe can detect Zn2+ in an aqueous solution with good selectivity without interference from other metal ions (Cd2+ in particular). And the limit of detection was calculated to be 2.15×10−9 M. The probe can efficiently monitor the change of concentration of Zn2+ in a broad pH range from 4.0 to 11.0. NQA can detection of Zn2+ reversibly based on the coordination interaction. NQA is biocompatibility and can be used to monitor the concentration of Zn2+ in living cells without the interference from other similar cations, especially Cd2+.
The Morphological and Capacitance Characteristics of A Novel Brush‐like Polymer Containing Polyaniline Segment
Authors: Wang Lin , Muslim Arzugul , Lan Haidie , Mamat Milangul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe brush‐like polymer composed of poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐grafted polyaniline (PAA42‐b‐PANI30‐g‐PANIm, marked as PAA42‐PANIx) with longer conjugate chain and good capacitance characteristics was synthesized through the combination of Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization and free radical polymerization. The structure of the obtained product was characterized with 1H‐NMR and FT‐IR. Additionally, the morphology and particle size distribution of PAA42‐PANIx ultrasonically dispersed in ethanol was characterized with transmission electron microscopy. Through cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the electrochemical properties of the product were analyzed. The results showed that PAA42‐b‐PANIx was a vesicle‐like particle with smaller size, uniform size and uniform morphology distribution, it has the mean particle size of only 38 nm. The final product had good peseudocapacitance, its specific capacitance reached to 1051.51 F⋅g−1 at the current density of 3 A⋅g−1.
When Would Immunologists Consider a Nanomaterial to be Safe? Recommendations for Planning Studies on Nanosafety
Authors: Himly Martin , Geppert Mark , Hofer Sabine , Hofstätter Norbert , Horejs‐Höck Jutta , Duschl Albert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe immune system is professional in recognizing and responding to non‐self, including nanomaterials. Immune responses by professional and nonprofessional immune cells are thus nearly inevitable upon exposure of cells and organisms to such materials. The state of research into taking the immune system into account in nanosafety studies is reviewed and three aspects in which further improvements are desirable are identified: 1) Due to technical limitations, more stringent testing for endotoxin contamination should be made. 2) Since under overdose conditions immunity shows unphysiological responses, all doses used should be justified by being equivalent to tissue‐delivered doses. 3) When markers of acute inflammation or cell stress are observed, functional assays are necessary to distinguish between homeostatic fluctuation and genuine defensive or tolerogenic responses. Since immune activation can also indicate that the immune system considers a stimulus to be harmless and induces tolerance, activation markers by themselves do not necessarily imply a danger to the body. Guidelines such as these are necessary to approach the point where specific nanomaterials are classified as safe based on reliable testing strategies.
Security analytics for real‐time forecasting of cyberattacks
Authors: Javed Amir , Lakoju Mike , Burnap Pete , Rana Omer 
Published: April 2020

SummaryProtection of networked computing infrastructures (such as Internet of Things, Industrial Control Systems, and Edge computing) is dependent on the continuous monitoring of interaction between such devices and network/Cloud‐based hosts (especially in Industry 4.0 environments). This real‐time monitoring enables an analyst to quantify evolving and emerging threats to such network infrastructures. A framework for identifying patterns in observed cyberthreats and the use of these patterns for forecasting the growth of an emerging threat to network infrastructure is proposed. This framework enables predicting the maximum threat intensity and the time period over which this maximum intensity is likely to occur. The proposed framework integrates: (a) continuous monitoring of device/network activity, (b) forecasting behavior using exponentially weighted moving averages, (c) utilizing Fibonacci retracement for estimating the potential intensity of a cyberattack, and (d) linear regression for predicting response time for high risk thresholds and a machine learning strategy to predict potential risk over a pre‐defined time window. Using this approach, we can produce time intervals between the forecast and the actual attacks using real‐world network activity data. Our results show an average lead time of around 1.75 hours, providing a window of opportunity to limit the impact of an attack and counter it.
Development of a method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array, fluorescence, and mass spectrometric detectors for the analysis of eosin at trace levels
Authors: Sabatini Francesca , Degano Ilaria , Colombini Maria Perla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEosin (Acid Red 87, C.I. 45380) is one of the most brilliant and challenging early synthetic dyes. In this study, an analytical approach based on high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array and fluorescence detector and high resolution mass spectrometry was developed for testing different analytical columns and acids in the mobile phase. The ultra‐sensitive approach, based on a chromatographic separation on a solid core and a porous shell Poroshell 120 EC‐C18, allowed us to detect and characterize eosin and its synthesis by‐products, such as the debrominated and methyl ester forms of eosin, in trace levels (the limit of detection for eosin is 0.13 ppb). The resulting miscellaneous composition of the eosin standard highlights the importance to determine the exact composition of the starting material to deal with, in order to avoid misinterpretations in aged or degraded samples. Finally, the successful identification of eosin in few grains (approximatively 20 × 40 μm wide) of a faded Van Gogh's painting proved the strengths of our approach.
Mapping crown rust resistance at multiple time points in elite oat germplasm
Authors: McNish Ian G. , Zimmer Cristiano M. , Susko Alexander Q. , Heuschele D. Jo , Tiede Tyler , Case Austin J. , Smith Kevin P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCrown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae Erikss., is the most important disease impacting cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.). Genetic resistance is the most desirable management strategy. The genetic architecture of crown rust resistance is not fully understood, and previous mapping investigations have mostly ignored temporal variation. A collection of elite oat lines sourced from oat breeding programs in the American Upper Midwest and Canada was genotyped using a high‐density genotyping‐by‐sequencing system and evaluated for crown rust disease severity at multiple time points throughout the growing season in three disease nursery environments. Genome‐wide association mapping was conducted for disease severity on each observation date of each trial, area under the disease progress curve for each trial, heading date for each trial, and area under the disease progress curve in a multi‐environment model. Crown rust resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected on linkage groups Mrg05, Mrg12, Mrg15, Mrg18, Mrg20, and Mrg33. None of these QTL were coincident with a days‐to‐heading QTL detected on Mrg02. Only the QTL detected on Mrg15 was detected in multiple mapping models. The QTL on Mrg05, Mrg12, Mrg18, Mrg20, and Mrg33 were detected on only a single observation date and were not detected on observations just days before and after. This result uncovers the importance of temporal variation in mapping experiments which is usually ignored. It is possible that high density temporal data could be used to more precisely characterize the nature of plant resistance in other systems.
Is endoanal, introital or transperineal ultrasound diagnosis of sphincter defects more strongly associated with anal incontinence?
Authors: Volløyhaug Ingrid , Taithongchai Annika , Arendsen Linda , van Gruting Isabelle , Sultan Abdul H. , Thakar Ranee 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Our aim was to explore the association between anal incontinence (AI) and persistent anal sphincter defects diagnosed with 3D endoanal (EAUS), introital (IUS) and transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) in women after obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) and study the association between sphincter defects and anal pressure.

Methods
We carried out a cross-sectional study of 250 women with OASI recruited during the period 2013–2015. They were examined 6–12 weeks postpartum or in a subsequent pregnancy with 3D EAUS, IUS and TPUS and measurement of anal pressure. Prevalence of urgency/solid/liquid AI or flatal AI and anal pressure were compared in women with a defect and those with an intact sphincter (diagnosed off-line) using Chi-squared and Mann–Whitney U test.

Results
At a mean of 23.6 (SD 30.1) months after OASI, more women with defect than those with intact sphincters on EAUS had AI; urgency/solid/liquid AI vs external defect: 36% vs 13% and flatal AI vs internal defect: 27% vs 13%, p < 0.05. On TPUS, more women with defect sphincters had flatal AI: 32% vs 13%, p = 0.03. No difference was found on IUS. Difference between defect and intact sphincters on EAUS, IUS and TPUS respectively was found for mean [SD] maximum anal resting pressure (48 [13] vs 55 [14] mmHg; 48 [12] vs 56 [13] mmHg; 50 [13] vs 54 [14] mmHg) and squeeze incremental pressure (33 [17] vs 49 [28] mmHg; 37 [23] vs 50 [28] mmHg; 36 [18] vs 50 [30] mmHg; p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Endoanal ultrasound had the strongest association with AI symptoms 2 years after OASI. Sphincter defects detected using all ultrasound methods were associated with lower anal pressure.
Continuous Viscosity Solutions to Linear-Quadratic Stochastic Control Problems with Singular Terminal State Constraint
Authors: Horst Ulrich , Xia Xiaonyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper establishes the existence of a unique nonnegative continuous viscosity solution to the HJB equation associated with a linear-quadratic stochastic control problem with singular terminal state constraint and possibly unbounded cost coefficients. The existence result is based on a novel comparison principle for semi-continuous viscosity sub- and supersolutions for PDEs with singular terminal value. Continuity of the viscosity solution is enough to carry out the verification argument.
Imaging angiogenesis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)]2 PET/CT
Authors: Lobeek D. , Rijpkema M. , Terry S. Y. A. , Molkenboer-Kuenen J. D. M. , Joosten L. , van Genugten E. A. J. , van Engen-van Grunsven A. C. H. , Kaanders J. H. A. M. , Pegge S. A. H. , Boerman O. C. , Weijs W. L. J. , Merkx M. A. W. , van Herpen C. M. L. , Takes R. P. , Aarntzen E. H. J. G. , Oyen W. J. G. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth and metastatic spread of solid tumours and is characterised by the expression of integrins on the cell surface of endothelial cells. Radiolabelled RGD peptides specifically target angiogenesis-related αvβ3 integrins, expressed on the activated endothelial cells of sprouting blood vessels. Here, we validated the feasibility of 68Ga[Ga]-DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)]2 (68Ga-RGD) PET/CT to visualise angiogenesis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods
Ten patients with OSCC and scheduled for surgical resection including elective neck dissection received an intravenously administration of 68Ga-RGD (42 ± 8 μg; 214 ± 9 MBq). All patients subsequently underwent dynamic (n = 5) or static PET/CT imaging (n = 5) for 60 min or for 4 min/bed position at 30, 60 and 90 min after injection, respectively. Quantitative tracer uptake in tumour lesions was expressed as standardised uptake values (SUV). Additionally, tumour tissue was immunohistochemically stained for αvβ3 integrin to assess the expression pattern.

Results
68Ga-RGD tumour accumulation was observed in all patients. At 60 min post injection, tumour SUVmax ranged between 4.0 and 12.7. Tracer accumulation in tumour tissue plateaued at 10 min after injection. Uptake in background tissue did not change over time, resulting in tumour-to-muscle tissue of 6.4 ± 0.7 at 60 min post injection.

Conclusions
68Ga-RGD PET/CT of αvβ3 integrin expression in OSCC patients is feasible with adequate tumour-to-background ratios. It will provide more insight in angiogenesis as a hallmark of the head and neck squamous cell carcinomas’ tumour microenvironment.

Trial registration
https://eudract.ema.europa.eu no. 2015-000917-31