bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental location and risk of retained placenta in women with a previous cesarean section: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Granfors Michaela , Sandström Anna , Stephansson Olof , Belachew Johanna , Axelsson Ove , Wikström Anna‐Karin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionSome studies have shown that women with a previous cesarean section, compared with women with a previous vaginal delivery, have an increased risk of retained placenta during a subsequent vaginal delivery. It is unknown whether this is mediated by anterior placental location, when the placenta might cover the uterine scar. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the increased risk of retained placenta in women with a previous cesarean section is mediated by anterior placental location.Material and methodsThis is a population‐based cohort study, with data from the regional population‐based Stockholm‐Gotland Obstetric Cohort, Sweden, from 2008 to 2014. The overall study population included 49 598 women with a vaginal second delivery, where adequate information about placental location from the second‐trimester ultrasound scan was available. For the main analysis, including the 3921 women with a previous cesarean section, we calculated the relative risk of retained placenta in women with an anterior placental location, using women with non‐anterior placental locations as reference. Relative risks were calculated as odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI. In a second model, adjustments were made for maternal age, height, country of birth, smoking in early pregnancy, infant sex, and in vitro fertilization.ResultsIn the overall study population, the rate of retained placenta at the second delivery was 2.0%. The proportion of women with a retained placenta was higher among women with a previous cesarean compared with those with a previous vaginal delivery (3.4% vs 1.9%; P < .0001). In the main analysis, including women with a previous cesarean section, the risk for retained placenta was not increased with anterior compared with non‐anterior placental location (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.60‐1.20). Adjustments did not affect the estimates in a significant way.ConclusionsThe increased risk of retained placenta in women with a previous cesarean section is not mediated by anterior placental location.
The mean age of menarche among Chinese schoolgirls declined by 6 months from 2005 to 2014
Authors: Lei Yuanting , Luo Dongmei , Yan Xiaojin , Zhang Jingshu , Hu Peijin , Ma Jun , Song Yi , Lau Patrick W. C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThis study assessed the trends in the age at menarche in Chinese schoolgirls from the majority Han group and 21 ethnic minorities from 2005 to 2014. We also compared the group differences during the study period.MethodsA total of 344 230 girls aged 9‐18 years were extracted from the 2005, 2010 and 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. The age at menarche for each subgroup was estimated by probit analysis. The chi‐square test and Z‐test were used to compare the differences between the groups.ResultsThe overall average age at menarche in Chinese schoolgirls decreased from 12.8 years in 2005 to 12.3 years in 2014. The Han girls and girls from 17 ethnic minorities showed decreasing trends in the age at menarche, while four ethnic minorities demonstrated fluctuating increasing trends over time. The gaps in age at menarche between the Han group and 14 of the ethnic minorities became smaller over the study period and were similar by 2014.ConclusionThe overall findings were a decrease in the age at menarche in China and smaller gaps between the majority Han group and ethnic minority groups. Ethnic‐specific public health policies are urgently needed on issues such as contraception.
No benefit of continuing vs stopping 5‐aminosalicylates in patients with ulcerative colitis escalated to anti‐metabolite therapy
Authors: Singh Siddharth , Kim Jihoon , Zhu Wenhong , Dulai Parambir S. , Sandborn William J. , Jairath Vipul 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundWhilst continuation of 5‐aminosalicylates (5‐ASA) after escalation to biologic therapy is considered ineffective in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), their role in patients escalated to anti‐metabolites is unclear.AimTo compared patterns and outcomes of continuing vs stopping 5‐ASA in patients with UC who escalated to anti‐metabolite monotherapy, using a de‐identified administrative claims database.MethodsWe identified patients with UC who were new users of anti‐metabolite monotherapy who were receiving 5‐ASA, and were followed for at least 12 months after starting anti‐metabolite therapy. We evaluated patterns of 5‐ASA use (stopped 5‐ASA, short‐term 5‐ASA use for <6 months after starting anti‐metabolites, persistent 5‐ASA use for >6 months after starting anti‐metabolites). We compared outcomes (risk of UC‐related hospitalisation and/or surgery, need for corticosteroids, treatment escalation to biologic therapy) by pattern of 5‐ASA use, using Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusting for age, sex, race, comorbidity burden, and hospitalisation or emergency department visit, abdominal surgery and corticosteroid use in the previous 12 months (as measures of disease severity), with a 12‐month immortal time period.ResultsOf 4068 patients with UC who were new‐users of anti‐metabolite monotherapy, 578 (14.2%), 782 (19.2%) and 2708 (66.6%) stopped 5‐ASA, used 5‐ASA transiently or persistently, respectively. Compared to patients who stopped 5‐ASA after starting anti‐metabolites, persistent 5‐ASA use was associated with a higher risk of UC‐related hospitalisation (HR, 1.40 [1.07‐1.83]) and corticosteroid use (HR, 1.48 [1.28‐1.70]), without an increase in risk of UC‐related surgery (HR, 1.32 [0.86‐2.00]) or treatment escalation (HR, 0.80 [0.53‐1.20]). Sensitivity analyses using a 3 months window after initiation of anti‐metabolites to classify patients as continuing vs stopping 5‐ASA showed similar results. Residual confounding by disease severity could not be excluded.Conclusion5‐ASA are usually continued long‐term even after escalating to anti‐metabolite therapy in patients with UC without clinical benefit.
Quality improvement project identifies factors associated with delay in IBD diagnosis
Authors: Walker Gareth J. , Lin Simeng , Chanchlani Neil , Thomas Amanda , Hendy Peter , Heerasing Neel , Moore Lucy , Green Harry D. , Chee Desmond , Bewshea Claire , Mays Joseph , Kennedy Nicholas A. , Ahmad Tariq , Goodhand James R. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundDelay in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common and contemporary UK studies are lacking.AimTo determine factors associated with, and the consequences of, a prolonged time to diagnosis in IBD.MethodsThis quality improvement study included 304 adults with a new IBD diagnosis made between January 2014 and December 2017 across 49 general practices (GP) and gastroenterology secondary care services. Outcome measures were demographic, clinical and laboratory factors associated with a delayed time, defined as greater than upper quartile, to: (a) patient presentation (b) GP referral (c) secondary care diagnosis, and factors associated with a complicated disease course (hospitalisation and/or surgery and/or biologic treatment) in the year after diagnosis.ResultsThe median [IQR] diagnosis sub‐intervals were: (a) patient = 2.1 months [0.9‐5.1]; (b) GP = 0.3 months [0.0‐0.9]; (c) secondary care = 1.1 months [0.5‐2.1]. 50% of patients were diagnosed within 4 months and 92% were diagnosed within 2 years of symptom onset. Diagnostic delay was more common in Crohn's disease (7.6 months [3.1‐15.0]) than ulcerative colitis (3.3 months [1.9‐7.3]) (P < 0.001). Patients who presented as an emergency (P < 0.001) but not those with a delayed overall time to diagnosis (P = 0.35) were more likely to have a complicated disease course.ConclusionTime to patient presentation is the largest component of time to IBD diagnosis. Emergency presentation is common and, unlike a delayed time to diagnosis, is associated with a complicated disease course.
Pyrrolidin‐2‐one linked benzofused heterocycles as novel small molecule monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors and antinociceptive agents
Authors: Altamimi Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz , Bawa Sandhya , Athar Fareeda , Hassan Md Quamrul , Riadi Yassine , Afzal Obaid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEighteen pyrrolidin‐2‐one linked benzothiazole, and benzimidazole derivatives (10–27) were designed and synthesized. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by elemental and spectral (IR, 1H‐NMR and MS) data analysis. All the compounds were screened by human monoacylglycerol lipase (hMAGL) inhibition assay. Three benzimidazole compounds, 22 (4‐Cl phenyl), 23 (3‐Cl,4‐F phenyl) and 25 (4‐methoxy phenyl) were found to be the most potent, having an IC50 value of 8.6, 8.0 and 9.4 nm, respectively. Among them, the halogen‐substituted phenyl derivatives, compound 22 (4‐Cl phenyl) and compound 23 (3‐Cl,4‐F phenyl), showed micromolar potency against fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), having an IC50 value of 35 and 24 µm, respectively. Benzimidazole derivative having 4‐methoxyphenyl substitution (compound 25) was found to be a selective MAGL inhibitor (IC50 = 9.4 nm), with an IC50 value above 50 µm against FAAH. In the formalin‐induced nociception test, compound 25 showed a dose‐dependent reduction of pain response in both acute and late phases. At 30 mg/kg dose, it significantly reduced the pain response and showed greater potency than the reference drug gabapentin (GBP).
Enhanced Verbal Statistical Learning in Glossolalia
Authors: Kéri Szabolcs , Kállai Imre , Csigó Katalin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlossolalia (“speaking in tongues”) is a rhythmic utterance of word‐like strings of sounds, regularly occurring in religious mass gatherings or various forms of private religious practices (e.g., prayer and meditation). Although specific verbal learning capacities may characterize glossolalists, empirical evidence is lacking. We administered three statistical learning tasks (artificial grammar, phoneme sequence, and visual‐response sequence) to 30 glossolalists and 30 matched control volunteers. In artificial grammar, participants decide whether pseudowords and sentences follow previously acquired implicit rules or not. In sequence learning, they gradually draw out rules from repeating regularities in sequences of speech sounds or motor responses. Results revealed enhanced artificial grammar and phoneme sequence learning performances in glossolalists compared to control volunteers. There were significant positive correlations between daily glossolalia activity and artificial grammar learning. These results indicate that glossolalists exhibit enhanced abilities to extract the statistical regularities of verbal information, which may be related to their unusual language abilities.
Strict selection criteria in uncontrolled donation after circulatory death provide excellent long‐term kidney graft survival
Authors: Miñambres Eduardo , Rodrigo Emilio , Suberviola Borja , Valero Rosalía , Quintana Alfredo , Campos Félix , Ruiz‐San Millán Juan Carlos , Ballesteros María Á. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to report our experience in uncontrolled donation after circulatory death (uDCD) kidney transplantation applying a strict donor selection and preservation criteria.MethodsAll kidney recipients received a graft from a local uDCD. As controls, we included all renal transplants from local standard criteria donation after brain death (SDBD) donors. Normothermic regional perfusion was the preservation method in all cases.ResultsA total of 19 kidneys from uDCD donors were included and 67 controls. Delayed graft function (DGF) was higher in the uDCD group (42.1% vs 17.9%; P = .033), whereas no differences were observed in primary nonfunction (0% cases vs 3% controls; P = .605). The estimated glomerular filtration rate was identical in both groups. No differences were observed in graft survival censored for death between the uDCD and the SDBD groups at 1‐year (100% vs 95%) or 5‐year follow‐up (92% vs 91%). uDCD kidney recipients did not have higher risk of graft loss in the multivariate analysis adjusted by recipient age, cold ischemic time, presence of DGF, and second kidney transplant (HR: 0.4; 95% CI 0.02‐6; P = .509).ConclusionsObtaining renal grafts from uDCD is feasible in a small city and provides similar outcomes compared to standard DBD donors.
Survival and renal function after liver transplantation alone in patients meeting the new United Network for Organ Sharing simultaneous liver‐kidney criteria
Authors: Jiang Da David , Roayaie Kayvan , Woodland David , Orloff Susan , Scott David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2017, United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) implemented a simultaneous liver‐kidney transplant (SLK) allocation policy. Our institution uses a more restrictive criteria for SLK; thus, we have a group of patients that would have qualified for SLK under the new allocation policy but received liver transplantation alone (LTA). We compared survival and post‐operative renal function in patients that received LTA stratified by whether they met the new UNOS SLK criteria. There was no difference in graft and patient survival. The majority (95%) of LTA patients meeting the UNOS SLK criteria did not need dialysis at 1 year, with a mean eGFR increase from 23 mL/min preoperatively to 48 mL/min at 1 year. Of those with eGFR ≤ 20 mL/min at 1 month after surgery, the majority did regain adequate renal function. The implementation of the UNOS SLK allocation policy was appropriate in the previously unregulated area. This policy provides an excellent framework for those that may benefit from SLK. Our data suggest that a more restrictive policy may be possible in order to promote the best use of donated organs. The current safety net is appropriately positioned to capture patients in need of subsequent kidney transplant.
Quality Reference in Consumer Product Recalls
Authors: Dong Yan , Xu Kefeng , Song Sining , Zhou Chen 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTProduct recalls are often associated with quality failures and may negatively affect customer satisfaction and firm performance. Motivated by counterintuitive anecdotal evidence on the positive relationship between recalls and sales, we develop an endogenous consumer reference model with stochastic quality levels and consumer valuation of gain‐loss utility to examine the consumer's willingness to buy in the event of a recall. A consumer makes purchasing decisions by evaluating gain‐loss values against a quality reference point. The theory of endogenous reference points incorporates the consumer's expectations of buying into forming a reference point based on the consumer's beliefs about quality outcomes (Kőszegi & Rabin, 2006, 2007). The uncertainty of the consumer's quality expectations combined with the consumer's personal equilibrium makes the reference point endogenous, generating predictions different from those under conventional exogenous reference point and in the case of deterministic quality expectations. We find that a product recall may revise the consumer's belief toward a more negative quality outcome, and therefore, a lower reference point, when quality expectations are uncertain and the consumer's reference point is endogenous. The consumer expects a greater gain from buying the product against the lower reference point, leading to a higher willingness to buy. In addition, we find that supply chain offshoring, which may be associated with consumer evaluation of gain‐loss utility or consumer loss aversion, may complicate the effect of recalls on a consumer's willingness to buy. These results suggest that firms should consider consumer preferences under uncertainty when designing and developing their global supply chain strategies in quality management.
Together we lived, and alone you died: Loneliness and solidarity in Gaza
Authors: Lederman Zohar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis essay discusses and weaves together three interrelated topics: loneliness as a neglected bioethics problem, solidarity as one potential solution to loneliness, and the Israeli‐Palestinian Conflict as a neglected bioethics problem in which loneliness is stark. I first present and define various kinds of loneliness, focusing on ethical loneliness, defined as suffering injustice without a proper repair process. I next discuss current health conditions in Gaza, focusing on healthcare providers who, according to the UN, are being intentionally targeted by Israel. I explain how the various kinds of loneliness are reflected among people in Gaza. I lastly relate together the notions of solidarity, responsibility and personal autonomy, arguing that bioethicists and healthcare providers have a duty to support the people in Gaza, stemming from solidarity and an extended responsibility perspective.
Regulation of genes for ubiquitination and SUMO‐specific protease involved in larval development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Kitagawa Tsuyuki , Takiya Shigeharu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProtein modifications with highly conserved small proteins, such as ubiquitin (Ub) and small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO), regulate various cellular processes; however, the contribution of these protein modifications to larval development in insects has not yet been elucidated. We investigated the regulation of genes for these protein modifications in the posterior silk gland (PSG) during larval development of the silkworm Bombyx mori. We found that several genes encoding enzymes (E1, E2, and E3) for ubiquitination and SUMO‐specific protease were upregulated by 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E), and, consistently, increases in ubiquitinated proteins were observed during the fourth molting stage. An injection of 20E into larvae at the fourth feeding stage induced higher expression levels of these E1, E2, and E3 genes and ecdysis approximately one day earlier than in mock‐treated larvae. The expression of the fibroin heavy‐chain gene (fibH) was simultaneously suppressed approximately one day earlier in 20E‐injected larvae. The treatment of cultured PSG with 20E also induced these genes, which could be categorized into at least two types: those induced by a high dose of 20E, or by a pulse of 20E. In contrast to the 20E treatment, the administration of PR‐619, an inhibitor of Ub‐ and SUMO‐specific proteases in larvae, delayed ecdysis and prolonged the expression of fibH. These results suggest that the regulation of genes for ubiquitination and SUMO‐specific protease is involved in the larval development of B. mori.
Spatial organisation of fish assemblages in the Chishui River, the last free‐flowing tributary of the upper Yangtze River, China
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Jun , Zhang Fu‐Bin , Liu Huan‐Zhang , Wang Jian‐Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Chishui River is the last free‐flowing tributary of the upper Yangtze River, China, which has an important role in fish conservation. This study aimed to explore the spatial organisation of fish assemblages in this river. Field sampling was conducted biannually between 2015 and 2017 at 41 sites from its headwater and downstream. One hundred and twenty‐two fish species were captured, including 34 endemic, 15 threatened and six exotic species. Fish assemblages varied significantly along the longitudinal gradient. Based on cluster and ordination analyses, 41 sampling sites could be divided into five site‐groups, corresponding to the headwater, upstream, midstream, downstream and the Xishui‐branch, respectively. The splitting of fish assemblages was consistent with the geographical divisions. However, fish species changed gradually along the longitudinal gradient rather than abruptly, which was consistent with the River Continuum Concept (RCC). In the headwaters and upstream, fish assemblages were mainly dominated by cold‐water and rheophilic species, while in the lower stretches, fish assemblages were dominated by warm‐water and limnophilic species. According to null models, fish assemblages were significantly nonrandomly structured at the basin scale, but randomly structured at the regional scale. This study is an important step in understanding the assembly rules of fish assemblages in this free‐flowing river and provides useful information for future fish conservation and ecological restoration.
Evolutionary responses of marine organisms to urbanized seascapes
Authors: Elizabeth Alter S. , Tariq Laraib , Creed James Keanu , Megafu Emmanuel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany of the world's major cities are located in coastal zones, resulting in urban and industrial impacts on adjacent marine ecosystems. These pressures, which include pollutants, sewage, runoff and debris, temperature increases, hardened shorelines/structures, and light and acoustic pollution, have resulted in new evolutionary landscapes for coastal marine organisms. Marine environmental changes influenced by urbanization may create new selective regimes or may influence neutral evolution via impacts on gene flow or partitioning of genetic diversity across seascapes. While some urban selective pressures, such as hardened surfaces, are similar to those experienced by terrestrial species, others, such as oxidative stress, are specific to aquatic environments. Moreover, spatial and temporal scales of evolutionary responses may differ in the ocean due to the spatial extent of selective pressures and greater capacity for dispersal/gene flow. Here, we present a conceptual framework and synthesis of current research on evolutionary responses of marine organisms to urban pressures. We review urban impacts on genetic diversity and gene flow and examine evidence that marine species are adapting, or are predicted to adapt, to urbanization over rapid evolutionary time frames. Our findings indicate that in the majority of studies, urban stressors are correlated with reduced genetic diversity. Genetic structure is often increased in urbanized settings, but artificial structures can also act as stepping stones for some hard‐surface specialists, promoting range expansion. Most evidence for rapid adaptation to urban stressors comes from studies of heritable tolerance to pollutants in a relatively small number of species; however, the majority of marine ecotoxicology studies do not test directly for heritability. Finally, we highlight current gaps in our understanding of evolutionary processes in marine urban environments and present a framework for future research to address these gaps.
Systemic chemotherapy promotes HIF‐1α‐mediated glycolysis and IL‐17F pathways in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Kejia , Wang Honglin , Shen Xiaoyan , Zheng Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSystemic chemotherapy is often the last resort of advanced cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). Tumor recurrence and adverse effects of systemic chemotherapy are the main limitations.ObjectiveWe aim to investigate the metabolic alterations in tumor cells after CHOP (cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin and prednisone) chemotherapy.Methods and ResultsIn advanced CTCL, CHOP chemotherapy has no survival benefit and the duration of response is significantly inferior to other canonical treatments. HIF‐1α is significantly elevated in lesions of advanced MF patients as well as tumor cell line Hut78 and tumor xenograft mice model. CHOP therapy also increased glycolytic activities in a HIF‐1α‐dependent manner. In CTCL xenograft tumor mice model, lesional cells showed a significant increase in IL‐17F after chemotherapy, shifting toward a Th17 phenotype, which process is also regulated by HIF‐1α. Echinomycin, HIF‐1α inhibitor, was co‐administered in xenograft tumor mouse models with CHOP and showed a significant reduction in tumor growth.ConclusionCHOP chemotherapy promotes glycolysis and IL‐17 pathways in a HIF‐1α‐dependent fashion. Furthermore, HIF‐1α blockade is promising as an accompanying agent in systemic chemotherapy for patients with advanced CTCL.