bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of two insectivorous avian species and two insect predators for spreading Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlNPV) in Egyptian ecosystem
Authors: El Husseini Monir Mohamed , Askar Salama Ibrahim , Ata Ata Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs) of Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrosis virus (SlNPV) were extracted from droppings of both the house sparrow Passer domesticus Raf. and the cattle egret Bubulcus ibis Bon. Due to the wide host range of the SlNPV, the extracted PIBs were bioassayed versus newly hatched larvae (L1) of S. littoralis, S. exigua, Trichoplusia ni, and Autographa circumflexa belonging to the insect fauna of the Egyptian clover Trifolium alexandrinum L. and the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. Mortality of treated neonates of the 5 tested insect species ranged between 80 and 100 % after 7 days from ingesting the PIB-contaminated diet. Feeding nymphs and adults of the earwig Labidura riparia Pallas on S. littoralis larvae infected with the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SlNPV) passed viable PIBs in feces which were extracted and bioassayed versus lepidopteran larvae of L1. All of the virus-treated 5 lepidopteran species became infected with the virus and showed mortality of 44–96% at the 7th day post ingestion of the extracted PIBs. On the other hand, feces extract of the 3rd larval instar (L3) of the lacewing Parachrysopa pallens (R.) fed on the virus-diseased larvae of S. littoralis caused no mortality when assayed versus the 5 tested lepidopteran larvae proving absence of viable PIB polyhedra that might be due to the mode of larval feeding by external digestion of its host contents including the polyhedra. Results explain the potential role played by insectivorous birds in spreading the nucleopolyhedrosis viruses in the agroecosystem as well as certain predatory insects.
Fitness to be interviewed: decision-making in the mental health in-patient setting
Authors: Edwards Allison , Jackson Simon , Rix Keith J. B. , Sethi Faisil 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYWhen a patient in an in-patient psychiatric setting allegedly commits a crime, psychiatrists are sometimes asked to assess their fitness to be interviewed by the police. This article describes how to conduct this assessment, outlines the criminal justice process leading to police interviews (with particular reference to the legal system in England and Wales) and highlights practical issues to consider when assessing fitness to be interviewed in this context.
Unravelling the mental health productivity puzzle: where do we start?
Authors: Maddison Paula , Castelli Adriana , Tiffin Paul A. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn this editorial we define ‘productivity’ and ‘efficiency’ in a mental health service context, outlining the key challenges to measuring these in practice. We attempt to bring clarity of thought to this often debated, but rarely researched area.
Cultural research deconstructs the psychosocial construct ‘expressed emotion’
Authors: Heru Alison M. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryExpressed emotion (EE) is a highly researched psychosocial construct. Cultural research challenges the assumption that high family criticism is a universal determinant of poor outcome, especially for chronic illness. The concept of warmth, an original component of EE, was dropped owing to the complexity of its measurement. Warmth has now been resurrected as an important predictor of good patient outcome. Cultural scrutiny and appropriate adaptation of any psychosocial construct is necessary before its acceptance into the medical lexicon of healthcare.
The S. pombe CDK5 ortholog Pef1 regulates sexual differentiation through control of the TORC1 pathway and autophagy
Authors: Matsuda Shinya , Kikkawa Ushio , Uda Haruka , Nakashima Akio 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a general strategy for survival in response to environmental changes is sexual differentiation, which is triggered by TORC1 inactivation. However, mechanisms of TORC1 regulation in fission yeast remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that Pef1, which is an ortholog of mammalian CDK5, regulates the initiation of sexual differentiation through positive regulation of TORC1 activity. Conversely, deletion of pef1 leads to activation of autophagy and subsequent excessive TORC1 reactivation during the early phases of the nitrogen starvation response. This excessive TORC1 reactivation results in the silencing of the Ste11-Mei2 pathway and mating defects. Additionally, we found that pef1 genetically interacts with tsc1 and tsc2 for TORC1 regulation, and physically interacts with three cyclins, Clg1, Pas1 and Psl1. The double deletion of clg1 and pas1 promotes activation of autophagy and TORC1 during nitrogen starvation, similar to what is seen in pef1Δ cells. Overall, our work suggests that Pef1–Clg1 and Pef1–Pas1 complexes regulate initiation of sexual differentiation through control of the TSC–TORC1 pathway and autophagy.
Mitofusin 2 regulates neutrophil adhesive migration and the actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Zhou Wenqing , Hsu Alan Y. , Wang Yueyang , Syahirah Ramizah , Wang Tianqi , Jeffries Jacob , Wang Xu , Mohammad Haroon , Seleem Mohamed N. , Umulis David , Deng Qing 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Neutrophils rely on glycolysis for energy production. How mitochondria regulate neutrophil function is not fully understood. Here, we report that mitochondrial outer membrane protein Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) regulates neutrophil homeostasis and chemotaxis in vivo. Mfn2-deficient neutrophils are released from the hematopoietic tissue, trapped in the vasculature in zebrafish embryos, and not capable of chemotaxis. Consistent with this, human neutrophil-like cells that are deficient for MFN2 fail to arrest on activated endothelium under sheer stress or perform chemotaxis on 2D surfaces. Deletion of MFN2 results in a significant reduction of neutrophil infiltration to the inflamed peritoneal cavity in mice. Mechanistically, MFN2-deficient neutrophil-like cells display disrupted mitochondria–ER interaction, heightened intracellular Ca2+ levels and elevated Rac activation after chemokine stimulation. Restoring a mitochondria–ER tether rescues the abnormal Ca2+ levels, Rac hyperactivation and chemotaxis defect resulting from MFN2 depletion. Finally, inhibition of Rac activation restores chemotaxis in MFN2-deficient neutrophils. Taken together, we have identified that MFN2 regulates neutrophil migration via maintaining the mitochondria–ER interaction to suppress Rac activation, and uncovered a previously unrecognized role of MFN2 in regulating cell migration and the actin cytoskeleton.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
Study on the changes in TSH, TPO-Ab and other indicators due to Vitamin D deficiency in Pregnant Women with subclinical hypothyroidism in the first trimester
Authors: Zhou Xue , Li Ben , Wang Chao , Li Zhihong 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To investigate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in pregnant women with early pregnancy complicated by subclinical hypothyroidism.
Methods: A total of 172 pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism in the first trimester diagnosed and treated in a given hospital from August 2014 to May 2018 were selected, and their levels of vitamin D were determined. Depending on the abnormality of their vitamin D levels, the study participants were divided into two groups: the study group (vitamin D≤20 ng/L) and the control group (vitamin D>20 ng/L). The levels of TSH, TPO-Ab, IL-1 and hsCRP in the two groups were measured.
Results: The levels of TSH, hsCRP and TPO-Ab in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The comparison between the two groups in terms of IL-1 showed no statistically significant difference.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency in the first trimester is associated with in an increased level of TSH in the first trimester, thereby aggravating subclinical hypothyroidism. The mechanism may be associated with the impact of vitamin D deficiency on hs-CRP and other body inflammation indicators, as well as on thyroid autoantibodies and other immune indicators, but has no effect on IL-1 levels.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.1982
How to cite this:Zhou X, Li B, Wang C, Li Z. Study on the changes in TSH, TPO-Ab and other indicators due to Vitamin D deficiency in Pregnant Women with subclinical hypothyroidism in the first trimester. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1313-1317. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.1982
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Principlism in paramedicine: an examination of applied healthcare ethics
Authors: Ebbs Phillip , Carver Hamish , Moritz Dominique 
Published: August 2020

Principlism is arguably the dominant recognised ethical framework used within medicine and other Western health professions today, including the UK paramedic profession. It concerns the application of four principles: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice.This article examines the theory and practice of principlism, and shows how it is used in daily paramedic practice and decision-making. Practical guidance on applying ethics in paramedicine, illustrated with scenarios, is also provided.This is the first in a series of three articles on paramedic ethics. This series complements the Journal of Paramedic Practice's concurrent CPD˚series on paramedic law in the UK. Later articles in this series will examine the complex ethical issues that can accompany end-of-life care, and ethical considerations relating to treatment of vulnerable persons including children.
Asthma guidelines: which is the best of three?
Authors: Booth Andrew 
Published: August 2020

Andrew Booth offers a comprehensive look into national and international guidelines surrounding the diagnosis and management of asthma National and international guidelines provide evidence-based advice on the diagnosis and management of asthma. There are now three potential asthma guidelines to follow, each taking its own unique, and sometimes conflicting direction, creating a total of over 700 pages of high-quality evidence. A puzzle is thus presented to the busy health professional: which guideline do I follow? This article compares and contrasts two national and one international asthma guideline, focusing particularly on diagnosis and pharmacological management. Mortality from asthma is increasing in the UK, making the need for a conjoined guideline more urgent than ever.
Management of sigmoid volvulus using percutaneous endoscopic colostomy
Authors: Jackson S , Hamed MO , Shabbir J 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionThe aim of this systematic review was to appraise the current literature on the use of percutaneous endoscopic colostomy (PEC) as an alternative to major surgery and endoscopic decompression alone for treating sigmoid volvulus in frail, comorbid patients.MethodsA systematic literature search of literature published between April 2000 and January 2017 was carried out using the MEDLINE®, Embase™ and CINAHL®(Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases. The search terms were “percutaneous endoscopic colostomy”, “PEC”, “sigmoidopexy”, “sigmoidostomy” and “sigmoid volvulus”. The studies identified were screened and those that did not fulfil the inclusion criteria were excluded.FindingsSeven observational studies and seven case reports (comprising eighty-one patients) were found to match our inclusion criteria. All patients had recurrent sigmoid volvulus and were treated with PEC either with a single PEC tube or with two PEC tubes inserted. Sigmoid volvulus recurred in 10 of the 81 patients; 3 of these individuals developed recurrence with PEC tubes in situ and 7 following tube removal. There were seven deaths after the procedure. The most frequent morbidity associated with PEC tube insertion was site infection (n=6).ConclusionsOur systematic review highlights the use of PEC as an alternative in managing recurrent sigmoid volvulus in frail, comorbid patients unfit for or refusing surgery, with the best outcomes seen in those patients where two PEC tubes were inserted and remained in situ indefinitely. Further studies are needed to improve the safety and efficacy of the procedure as well as post-procedure care.
3D photolithography through light field projections
Authors: Zhang Hongjie , Wen Sy-Bor 
Published: August 2020

A methodology of 3D photolithography through light field projections with a microlens array (MLA) is proposed and demonstrated. With the MLA, light from a spatial light modulator (SLM) can be delivered to arbitrary positions, i.e., voxels, in a 3D space with a focusing scheme we developed. A mapping function between the voxel locations and the SLM pixel locations can be one-to-one determined by ray tracing. Based on a correct mapping function, computer-designed 3D virtual objects can be reconstructed in a 3D space through a SLM and a MLA. The projected 3D virtual object can then be optically compressed and delivered to a photoresist layer for 3D photolithography. With appropriate near-UV light, 3D microstructures can be constructed at different depths inside the photoresist layer. This 3D photolithography method can be useful in high-speed 3D patterning at arbitrary positions. We expect high-precision 3D patterning can also be achieved when a femtosecond light source and the associated multi-photon curing process is adopted in the proposed light field 3D projection/photolithography scheme. Multi-photon polymerization can prevent the unwilling patterning of regions along the optical path before arriving to the designed focal voxels as observed in our single photon demonstrations.
Enhancing the electroluminescence of perovskite light-emitting diodes by optimizing the morphology of perovskite film to suppress leakage current
Authors: Su Hang , Chen Jiamei , Qin Jing , Zhu Kun , Li Guolong 
Published: August 2020

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted much attention due to their high color purity, low material cost, ease of tuning of bandgap, and flexible manufacture. They are considered to be a new generation of promising light-emitting materials. In this paper, an appropriate doping of polyethylene oxide (PEO) into the perovskite precursor solution acquires the high quality and low defect density of perovskite film. In addition, the passivation of perovskite grain boundaries by PEO are investigated. The perovskite light-emitting diode (PeLED) is fabricated with a structure of

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Ultrafast spinning twisted ribbons of confined electric fields
Authors: Bauer Thomas , Khonina Svetlana N. , Golub Ilya , Leuchs Gerd , Banzer Peter 
Published: August 2020

Topological properties of light attract tremendous attention in the
optics communities and beyond. For instance, light beams gain
robustness against certain deformations when carrying topological
features, enabling intriguing applications. We report on the
observation of a topological structure contained in an optical beam,
i.e., a twisted ribbon formed by the electric field vector per se, in stark contrast to recently reported
studies dealing with topological structures based on the distribution
of the time averaged polarization ellipse. Moreover, our ribbons are
spinning in time at a frequency given by the optical frequency divided
by the total angular momentum of the incoming beam. The number of full
twists of the ribbon is equal to the orbital angular momentum of the
longitudinal component of the employed light beam upon tight focusing,
which is a direct consequence of spin-to-orbit coupling. We study this
angular-momentum-transfer-assisted generation of the twisted ribbon
structures theoretically and experimentally for tightly focused
circularly polarized beams of different vorticity, paving the way to
tailored topologically robust excitations of novel coherent
light–matter states.
Experiencing Food, Designing Dialogues: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Food Design and Food Studies (EFOOD 2017), Ricardo Bonacho, Alcinda Pinheiro de Sousa, Cláudia Viegas, João Paulo Martins, Maria José Pires and Sara Velez Estêvão (eds) (2017)
Authors: Ilieva Rositsa T. 
Published: August 2020

Review of: Experiencing Food, Designing Dialogues: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Food Design and Food Studies (EFOOD 2017), Ricardo Bonacho, Alcinda Pinheiro de Sousa, Cláudia Viegas, João Paulo Martins, Maria José Pires and Sara Velez Estêvão (eds) (2017)
Leiden: CRC Press, 174 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-13857-538-7, h/bk, £120
IMPORTANCE OF HEALTHY FOOD FOR THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE ELDERLY
Authors: Sousa Carmelita Maria Silva , Luna Thayna Bezerra de , Queiroz Iasmin Belém Silva , Sousa Allex Alves Sobral de , Romão Lina Maria Vidal , Feitosa Pedro Walisson Gomes , Sampaio Samyra Maria Lima , Coelho José Leonardo Gomes , Santana Willma José de , Luz Dayse Christina Rodrigues Pereira 
Published: August 2020

Population aging is increasing at a rapid pace and it is a longing for today's society to grow healthy and with quality of life. The study provides a greater understanding of healthy eating that contributes to a better quality of life for the elderly. The study aims to analyze the importance of healthy eating for the elderly. It is understood that when combined with other activities the results are the best with regard to quality of life. The study is defined as an integrative review and qualitative approach. From the descriptors and the inclusion and exclusion criteria, thirty scientific articles were obtained and from these, ten were selected to compose the sample for the elaboration of this study and discuss the theme in focus. It is clear that healthy eating can and should favor the elderly with a substantial improvement in quality of life. It is necessary a nutritional monitoring with the elderly in order to contribute more and more to the quality of life and also subsidize the actions directed to this public. Keywords: Healthy eating. Quality of life. Old man.
Abdominal Pain in a Patient With Diverted Bowel and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hasan Badar , Khalid Rumman , Charles Roger , Shen Bo 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Patients with medically refractory inflammatory bowel disease may undergo total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. However, fecal diversion is necessary in patients with pouch failure. We present a rare case of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in a patient with ulcerative colitis with a history of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis complicated by chronic pouchitis requiring fecal diversion via loop ileostomy. The PLA was managed with computed tomography-guided aspiration drainage and antibiotics, followed by permanent ileostomy and pouch excision to prevent recurrence of PLA. This is the first case report of PLA in a patient with ulcerative colitis with a long-standing history of diversion pouchitis.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Enteroenterostomy for Afferent Limb Syndrome
Authors: El Bacha Hicham , Leblanc Sarah , Bordacahar Benoit , Brieau Bertrand , Barret Maximillien , Savier Eric , Soubrane Olivier , Dousset Bertand , Prat Frederic 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Afferent limb syndrome (ALS) is a rare complication of duodenopancreatectomy, resulting from the mechanical obstruction of the afferent limb usually after local malignancy recurrence. Management of ALS (ie, surgery and palliative therapy) is often unsatisfactory. We present 5 cases of endoscopic ultrasound-guided internal drainage of the afferent limb using lumen-apposing metal stents. All procedures were successful, with no related complications; 2 patients had a complete regression of their symptoms, one experienced cholangitis recurrence, and 2 patients died after some weeks because of their malignancies. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided enteroenterostomy offers a convenient and safe palliative solution for patients presenting ALS.
Necropolíticas en torno a la figura del migrante centroamericano en Amarás a Dios sobre todas las cosas de Alejandro Hernández
Authors: Gálvez Cuen Marissa 
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo explora las dinámicas de agresión y violencia corporal cometidas contra los migrantes centroamericanos en su paso por México, representadas en la novela Amarás a Dios sobre todas las cosas
de Alejandro Hernández, desde las propuestas de necropolítica, horrorismo y capitalismo gore por medio del análisis de los distintos procesos de deshumanización como el hacinamiento forzoso y la tortura que encaminan la búsqueda de construcciones de laotredad entre los grupos empoderados y los sujetos en tránsito.
IUPAC during COVID-19
Authors: Humphris Colin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
I have just been listening to an intriguing debate that is underway in the UK. The theme was how to come out of lockdown, to both restart the economy and protect public health whilst the SARS-CoV-2 virus is still out there. Effective treatments and vaccines have yet to be proven. I am sure similar discussions are underway in many countries across the world. It underlines the anxieties and uncertainties we all face with regards our health, our families and friends, our finances and our work. This is at a time when the international chemistry community is mourning the premature passing of friends, colleagues and loyal servants.
Sustaining Active Learning in Virtual Classroom
Authors: Fung Fun Man , Chng Wei Heng , Tan Hui Ru , Ng Magdeline Tao Tao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Considering the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the suspension of many physical face-to-face (F2F) lessons due to the #StayHome measures, many educators have been mandated by schools and institutions to put their teachings online. Many are asking: “How do I lead my online class without losing student engagement?” and “How do I know if my students are understanding the lesson content in real-time?” [1] Despite the unprecedented disruptions to mankind, we need not be paralysed by the COVID-19 situations that besiege us as tertiary institution academics. Being educators, we should embrace this tumultuous crisis as an avenue to blaze a trail in online learning. As the coronavirus threat continues to crescendo, we have found glimmers of hope in some success to sustain active learning in our online classes.
Gender Gap in Science
Authors: Chiu Mei-Hung , Cesa Mark 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There continues to be a persistent gap between women’s and men’s participation, access, rights, pay, and benefits in the natural sciences, mathematics, and computing. The UNESCO Institute of Statistics reports that fewer than 30% of the world’s researchers are women. Many scientists, mathematicians, computing experts, and policy makers are working to reduce this gender gap by way of a wide range of initiatives. The International Science Council (ISC) funded a unique three-year project in 2017-2019 called, “A Global Approach to the Gender Gap in Mathematical, Computing and Natural Sciences: How to measure it, how to reduce it?” that has provided a wide-ranging view of the issues women face in the sciences and how these issues may be overcome.