bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le processus biographique d’engagement d’un chercheur-enseignant
Authors: Kheroufi-Andriot Olivier 
Published: November 2019

À l’occasion de notre travail de thèse, nous avons cherché à combiner la position du chercheur avec celle de l’enseignant pour construire notre objet de recherche. Cette construction fut difficile tant le chercheur restait prisonnier du point de vue de l’enseignant pour comprendre les situations vécues et observées. Nous avons dû nous détacher de notre terrain pour nous attacher autrement et nous rendons compte, dans le cadre de cet article, du processus biographique d’engagement d’un chercheur-enseignant selon une dimension temporelle empruntée à P. Ricœur et une dimension spatiale empruntée à C. Delory-Momberger. Cette configuration unique nous a permis d’articuler position du chercheur et position de l’enseignant au cours des situations vécues et observées en utilisant une position interchangeable jouant sur la « ligne de démarcation » entre observateur et objet observé.
Les plombiers polonais et français, des frères ennemis ? Panorama des classes sociales en Europe
Authors: Hugrée Cédric , Penissat Étienne , Spire Alexis 
Published: November 2019

« Prolétaires de tous les pays, unissez-vous ! » Le capitalisme est né de la mondialisation et n’a jamais cessé de coloniser tous les recoins du monde par les échanges économiques. Pourtant, l’étude des rapports de classe demeure largement nationale, au mieux comparative d’un pays à l’autre. L’Europe n’échappe pas à ce constat. Pour contrebalancer cette représentation partielle des sociétés européennes, C. Hugrée, E. Pénissat et A. Spire ont rassemblé données et études pour une analyse inédite des rapports de classe à l’échelle du continent 1 , dont ils livrent ici un aperçu.
Syndicalisme, classes sociales et oppressions spécifiques
Authors: Mahieux Christian 
Published: November 2019

Christian Mahieux, syndicaliste cheminot qui a participé à la fondation de SUD-Rail en 1996, revient ici sur l’actualité de la lutte des classes et sur la nécessité, pour le syndicalisme, d’aménager des espaces de luttes autonomes et « non-mixtes » spécifiques aux différents fronts d’oppression.
Jeunes entreprenants de la téléphonie mobile à Abidjan : du lien social entrepreneurial au service de l’exploitation économique
Authors: Schilling Hannah , Dembele Ousmane 
Published: November 2019

Le phénomène des cabinistes de quartier à Abidjan interroge la recherche. Faut-il voir dans l’intelligence et l’énergie de ceux qui tiennent les cabines, la seule exploitation par les compagnies de téléphonie mobile des jeunes en mal d’emploi, faute d’alternatives économiques urbaines soutenables et pérennes ? N’y a-t-il pas, dans ce travail des jeunes dans la rue, la fabrique de liens sociaux générateurs de ressources matérielles et symboliques pour une réalisation de soi ? Telles sont les questions que nous tentons d’éclairer à partir de la parole recueillie d’une trentaine de jeunes gérants de cabines téléphoniques opérant dans la rue à Abidjan. Ce nouveau petit métier de la rue abidjanaise participe à l’évolution libérale des activités urbaines. L’appétence et l’ingéniosité des jeunes pour cette modernité cybernétique s’avèrent une vraie ressource pour les opérateurs.
Violence, dé-subjectivation et répétition
Authors: Séguin Marie-Hélène 
Published: November 2019

Il sera ici question d’une violence primordiale, soit celle exercée par l’objet qui agit de façon à refuser au tout-petit un statut de sujet pensant. Le parent ne peut alors que répéter à travers ce nouveau psychisme des morceaux traumatiques et non-représentés de sa propre histoire. À travers une trame clinique, nous verrons comment le petit, pour être en lien, doit s’aliéner. Nous nous situons ici dans une clinique de l’extrême auprès d’enfants sévèrement maltraités et/ou abusés. La question du deuil sera abordée ; le parent semble ici avoir du mal à faire le deuil qu’implique la différenciation d’avec son enfant, alors que le petit aura à faire des deuils en lien avec les manques et les défaillances parentaux. Des avenues psychothérapeutiques seront abordées, notamment à travers les concepts de la représentation, du deuil, du narratif et du contre-transfert.
La rencontre familiale au domicile : une symphonie co-orchestrée…
Authors: Lecellier Christelle 
Published: November 2019

J’exerce en tant que psychologue au sein d’un service d’éducation et de soins spécialisés à domicile (SESSAD). Ce SESSAD prend en charge des enfants de 0 à 20 ans, en situation de handicap moteur. Accompagner, au sein du domicile, des enfants handicapés et leur famille permet de rencontrer l’autre sur son territoire. Le rendez-vous avec le particulier, le différent est d’autant plus exacerbé que la rencontre se fait sur la planète de la famille, dans ces contrées du handicap et de la différence, du corps malade, malformé ou déformé. Oser la rencontre et prendre le risque de ne pas savoir, pour apprendre de la famille et de ses ressources ; risquer d’être touché par leurs émotions brutes, intenses, données à voir, à vivre sur leur territoire. Coconstruire et danser ensemble pour laisser le rythme se faire plus léger, s’accorder à la gravité, virevolter quand la joie surgit dans cet instant-là…
Pneumolysin Induces 12-Lipoxygenase–Dependent Neutrophil Migration during Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection
Authors: Adams Walter , Bhowmick Rudra , Bou Ghanem Elsa N. , Wade Kristin , Shchepetov Mikhail , Weiser Jeffrey N. , McCormick Beth A. , Tweten Rodney K. , Leong John M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia, wherein infection of respiratory mucosa drives a robust influx of neutrophils. We have previously shown that S. pneumoniae infection of the respiratory epithelium induces the production of the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX)–dependent lipid inflammatory mediator hepoxilin A3, which promotes recruitment of neutrophils into the airways, tissue damage, and lethal septicemia. Pneumolysin (PLY), a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family, is a major S. pneumoniae virulence factor that generates ∼25-nm diameter pores in eukaryotic membranes and promotes acute inflammation, tissue damage, and bacteremia. We show that a PLY-deficient S. pneumoniae mutant was impaired in triggering human neutrophil transepithelial migration in vitro. Ectopic production of PLY endowed the nonpathogenic Bacillus subtilis with the ability to trigger neutrophil recruitment across human-cultured monolayers. Purified PLY, several other CDC family members, and the α-toxin of Clostridium septicum, which generates pores with cross-sectional areas nearly 300 times smaller than CDCs, reproduced this robust neutrophil transmigration. PLY non–pore-forming point mutants that are trapped at various stages of pore assembly did not recruit neutrophils. PLY triggered neutrophil recruitment in a 12-LOX–dependent manner in vitro. Instillation of wild-type PLY but not inactive derivatives into the lungs of mice induced robust 12-LOX–dependent neutrophil migration into the airways, although residual inflammation induced by PLY in 12-LOX–deficient mice indicates that 12-LOX–independent pathways also contribute to PLY-triggered pulmonary inflammation. These data indicate that PLY is an important factor in promoting hepoxilin A3–dependent neutrophil recruitment across pulmonary epithelium in a pore-dependent fashion.
A Glimpse of the Peptide Profile Presentation by Xenopus laevis MHC Class I: Crystal Structure of pXela-UAA Reveals a Distinct Peptide-Binding Groove
Authors: Ma Lizhen , Zhang Nianzhi , Qu Zehui , Liang Ruiying , Zhang Lijie , Zhang Bing , Meng Geng , Dijkstra Johannes M. , Li Shen , Xia Max Chun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, is a model species for amphibians. Before metamorphosis, tadpoles do not efficiently express the single classical MHC class I (MHC-I) molecule Xela-UAA, but after metamorphosis, adults express this molecule in abundance. To elucidate the Ag-presenting mechanism of Xela-UAA, in this study, the Xela-UAA structure complex (pXela-UAAg) bound with a peptide from a synthetic random peptide library was determined. The amino acid homology between the Xela-UAA and MHC-I sequences of different species is &lt;45%, and these differences are fully reflected in the three-dimensional structure of pXela-UAAg. Because of polymorphisms and interspecific differences in amino acid sequences, pXela-UAAg forms a distinct peptide-binding groove and presents a unique peptide profile. The most important feature of pXela-UAAg is the two–amino acid insertion in the α2-helical region, which forms a protrusion of ∼3.8 Å that is involved in TCR docking. Comparison of peptide–MHC-I complex (pMHC-I) structures showed that only four amino acids in β2-microglobulin that were bound to MHC-I are conserved in almost all jawed vertebrates, and the most unique feature in nonmammalian pMHC-I molecules is that the AB loop bound β2-microglobulin. Additionally, the binding distance between pMHC-I and CD8 molecules in nonmammals is different from that in mammals. These unique features of pXela-UAAg provide enhanced knowledge of T cell immunity and bridge the knowledge gap regarding the coevolutionary progression of the MHC-I complex from aquatic to terrestrial species.
Nitric oxide (NO) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea
Authors: Tian Ye , Xue Chao , Liu Chun-Ying , Yang Gui-Peng , Li Pei-Feng , Feng Wei-Hua , Bange Hermann W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived compound of the
marine nitrogen cycle; however, our knowledge about its oceanic distribution
and turnover is rudimentary. Here we present the measurements of dissolved
NO in the surface and bottom layers at 75 stations in the Bohai Sea (BS) and
the Yellow Sea (YS) in June 2011. Moreover, NO photoproduction rates were
determined at 27 stations in both seas. The NO concentrations in the surface
and bottom layers were highly variable and ranged from below the limit of
detection (i.e., 32 pmol L−1) to 616 pmol L−1 in the surface layer
and 482 pmol L−1 in the bottom layer. There was no significant
difference (p>0.05) between the mean NO concentrations in the
surface (186±108 pmol L−1) and bottom (174±123 pmol L−1) layers. A decreasing trend of NO in bottom-layer concentrations
with salinity indicates a NO input by submarine groundwater discharge. NO in
the surface layer was supersaturated at all stations during both day and
night and therefore the BS and YS were a persistent source of NO to the
atmosphere at the time of our measurements. The average flux was about
4.5×10-16 mol cm−2 s−1 and the flux showed
significant positive relationship with the wind speed. The accumulation of
NO during daytime was a result of photochemical production, and
photoproduction rates were correlated to illuminance. The persistent
nighttime NO supersaturation pointed to an unidentified NO dark production.
NO sea-to-air flux densities were much lower than the NO photoproduction
rates. Therefore, we conclude that the bulk of the NO produced in the mixed
layer was rapidly consumed before its release to the atmosphere.
Public Knowledge
Authors: Asher Michael 
Published: November 2019

Writings by the conceptual artist Michael Asher—including notes, proposals, exhibition statements, and letters to curators and critics—most published here for the first time.
The California conceptual artist Michael Asher (1943–2012) was known for rigorous site specificity and pioneering institutional critique. His decades of teaching at CalArts influenced generations of artists. Much of Asher's artistic practice was devoted to creating works that had no lasting material presence and often responded to the material, social, or ideological context of a situation. Because most of Asher's artworks have ceased to exist, his writings about them have special significance. Public Knowledge collects writings by Asher about his work—including preliminary notes and ideas, project proposals, exhibition statements, and letters to curators and critics—most of which have never been previously published.
Asher gave few interviews, didn't write art criticism, and rarely published extensive accounts of his own work. Yet writing was central to his artistic practice, serving as a tool for working out ideas, negotiating institutional parameters, and describing thought processes. In these texts, he considers writing and documentation, discusses artistic practice, offers notes for gallery and museum talks, presents artist statements for exhibition-goers, describes individual works and their situational context, and reflects on teaching and art education. Among other things, Asher provides his definition of site specificity, addresses the function of art in public space, and analyzes the intersection of teaching art and institutional models of education. Readers will see an artist at work, formulating ethical and political strategies for making art in a situational world.
The Structure of Moral Revolutions
Authors: Baker Robert 
Published: November 2019

A theoretical account of moral revolutions, illustrated by historical cases that include the criminalization and decriminalization of abortion and the patient rebellion against medical paternalism.
We live in an age of moral revolutions in which the once morally outrageous has become morally acceptable, and the formerly acceptable is now regarded as reprehensible. Attitudes toward same-sex love, for example, and the proper role of women, have undergone paradigm shifts over the last several decades. In this book, Robert Baker argues that these inversions are the product of moral revolutions that follow a pattern similar to that of the scientific revolutions analyzed by Thomas Kuhn in his influential book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.
After laying out the theoretical terrain, Baker develops his argument with examples of moral reversals from the recent and distant past. He describes the revolution, led by the utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham, that transformed the postmortem dissection of human bodies from punitive desecration to civic virtue; the criminalization of abortion in the nineteenth century and its decriminalization in the twentieth century; and the invention of a new bioethics paradigm in the 1970s and 1980s, supporting a patient-led rebellion against medical paternalism. Finally, Baker reflects on moral relativism, arguing that the acceptance of “absolute” moral truths denies us the diversity of moral perspectives that permit us to alter our morality in response to changing environments.
Nihilism
Authors: Gertz Nolen 
Published: November 2019

An examination of the meaning of meaninglessness: why it matters that nothing matters.
When someone is labeled a nihilist, it's not usually meant as a compliment. Most of us associate nihilism with destructiveness and violence. Nihilism means, literally, “an ideology of nothing. “ Is nihilism, then, believing in nothing? Or is it the belief that life is nothing? Or the belief that the beliefs we have amount to nothing? If we can learn to recognize the many varieties of nihilism, Nolen Gertz writes, then we can learn to distinguish what is meaningful from what is meaningless. In this addition to the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Gertz traces the history of nihilism in Western philosophy from Socrates through Hannah Arendt and Jean-Paul Sartre.
Although the term “nihilism” was first used by Friedrich Jacobi to criticize the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, Gertz shows that the concept can illuminate the thinking of Socrates, Descartes, and others. It is Nietzsche, however, who is most associated with nihilism, and Gertz focuses on Nietzsche's thought. Gertz goes on to consider what is not nihilism—pessimism, cynicism, and apathy—and why; he explores theories of nihilism, including those associated with Existentialism and Postmodernism; he considers nihilism as a way of understanding aspects of everyday life, calling on Adorno, Arendt, Marx, and prestige television, among other sources; and he reflects on the future of nihilism. We need to understand nihilism not only from an individual perspective, Gertz tells us, but also from a political one.
Beyond the Valley
Authors: Srinivasan Ramesh 
Published: November 2019

How to repair the disconnect between designers and users, producers and consumers, and tech elites and the rest of us: toward a more democratic internet.
In this provocative book, Ramesh Srinivasan describes the internet as both an enabler of frictionless efficiency and a dirty tangle of politics, economics, and other inefficient, inharmonious human activities. We may love the immediacy of Google search results, the convenience of buying from Amazon, and the elegance and power of our Apple devices, but it's a one-way, top-down process. We're not asked for our input, or our opinions—only for our data. The internet is brought to us by wealthy technologists in Silicon Valley and China. It's time, Srinivasan argues, that we think in terms beyond the Valley.
Srinivasan focuses on the disconnection he sees between designers and users, producers and consumers, and tech elites and the rest of us. The recent Cambridge Analytica and Russian misinformation scandals exemplify the imbalance of a digital world that puts profits before inclusivity and democracy. In search of a more democratic internet, Srinivasan takes us to the mountains of Oaxaca, East and West Africa, China, Scandinavia, North America, and elsewhere, visiting the “design labs” of rural, low-income, and indigenous people around the world. He talks to a range of high-profile public figures—including Elizabeth Warren, David Axelrod, Eric Holder, Noam Chomsky, Lawrence Lessig, and the founders of Reddit, as well as community organizers, labor leaders, and human rights activists.. To make a better internet, Srinivasan says, we need a new ethic of diversity, openness, and inclusivity, empowering those now excluded from decisions about how technologies are designed, who profits from them, and who are surveilled and exploited by them.
Recovering Lost Species in the Modern Age
Authors: Jørgensen Dolly 
Published: November 2019

A groundbreaking study of how emotions motivate attempts to counter species loss.
This groundbreaking book brings together environmental history and the history of emotions to examine the motivations behind species conservation actions. In Recovering Lost Species in the Modern Age, Dolly Jørgensen uses the environmental histories of reintroduction, rewilding, and resurrection to view the modern conservation paradigm of the recovery of nature as an emotionally charged practice. Jørgensen argues that the recovery of nature—identifying that something is lost and then going out to find it and bring it back—is a nostalgic practice that looks to a historical past and relies on the concept of belonging to justify future-oriented action. The recovery impulse depends on emotional responses to what is lost, particularly a longing for recovery that manifests itself in such emotions as guilt, hope, fear, and grief.
Jørgensen explains why emotional frameworks matter deeply—both for how people understand nature theoretically and how they interact with it physically. The identification of what belongs (the lost nature) and our longing (the emotional attachment to it) in the present will affect how environmental restoration practices are carried out in the future. A sustainable future will depend on questioning how and why belonging and longing factor into the choices we make about what to recover.
Innovation + Equality
Authors: Gans Joshua , Leigh Andrew 
Published: November 2019

How to get more innovation and more equality.
Is economic inequality the price we pay for innovation? The amazing technological advances of the last two decades—in such areas as artificial intelligence, genetics, and materials—have benefited society collectively and rewarded innovators handsomely: we get cool smartphones and technology moguls become billionaires. This contributes to a growing wealth gap; in the United States; the wealth controlled by the top 0.1 percent of households equals that of the bottom ninety percent. Is this the inevitable cost of an innovation-driven economy? Economist Joshua Gans and policy maker Andrew Leigh make the case that pursuing innovation does not mean giving up on equality—precisely the opposite. In this book, they outline ways that society can become both more entrepreneurial and more egalitarian.
All innovation entails uncertainty; there's no way to predict which new technologies will catch on. Therefore, Gans and Leigh argue, rather than betting on the future of particular professions, we should consider policies that embrace uncertainty and protect people from unfavorable outcomes. To this end, they suggest policies that promote both innovation and equality. If we encourage innovation in the right way, our future can look more like the cheerful techno-utopia of Star Trek than the dark techno-dystopia of TheTerminator.
Analysis of copper, selenium, and zinc in newborn dried bloodspots using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy
Authors: Pawly Jessica , Neitzel Richard L. , Basu Niladri 
Published: November 2019

Background
There exists great interest in using dried bloodspots across the clinical, public health, and nutritional sciences to characterize circulating levels of essential elements yet current methods face several challenges related to instrumentation, quality control, and matrix effects. Elemental analysis via total X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) may help overcome these challenges. The objective of this study was to develop and apply a novel TXRF-based analytical method to quantify essential elements (copper, selenium, zinc) in dried bloodspots.

Methods
Analytical methods were developed with human whole blood standard reference materials from the Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ). The method was developed in careful consideration of several quality control parameters (e.g., analytical accuracy, precision, linearity, and assay range) which were iteratively investigated to help refine and realize a robust method. The developed method was then applied to a quantitative descriptive survey of punches (n = 675) taken from residual dried bloodspots from a newborn screening biobank program (Michigan BioTrust for Health).

Results
The analytical method developed to quantify the three target elements in dried bloodspots fared well against a priori quality control criteria (i.e., analytical accuracy, precision, linearity and range). In applying this new method, the average (±SD) blood copper, selenium, and zinc levels in the newborn samples were 1,117.0 ± 627.1 µg/L, 193.1 ± 49.1 µg/L, and 4,485 ± 2,275 µg/L respectively. All the elements were normally distributed in the sample population, and the measured concentrations fall within an expected range.

Conclusions
This study developed and applied a novel and robust method to simultaneously quantify three essential elements. The method helps overcome challenges in the field concerning elemental analysis in dried bloodspots and the findings help increase understanding of nutritional status in newborns.