bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The frequency of references to decision-making capacity in reports to the NSW Mental Health Review Tribunal did not change after legislative reforms that promoted them
Authors: Foley Tim , Ryan Christopher J 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To assess the impact of a 2015 reform to the Mental Health Act 2007 (NSW) ( MHA) that was interpreted as requiring a reference to decision-making capacity (DMC) in reports to the NSW Mental Health Review Tribunal (MHRT). Method: A sample of reports to the MHRT were audited for references to the MHA’s treatment criteria and DMC in periods before and after the reforms, and the frequency of references between the two periods was compared. Results: The frequency of references to DMC did not change significantly after the reforms. (However, references to the ‘least restriction’ criterion increased markedly between the two periods). Conclusion: Despite legislative reforms and a supporting education campaign promoting the importance of consideration of DMC, references to DMC did not increase after the reforms.
Treatment of Zone 1 Fractures of the Proximal Fifth Metatarsal With CAM-Walker Boot vs Hard-Soled Shoes
Authors: Nishikawa Danilo Ryuko Cândido , Aires Duarte Fernando , Saito Guilherme Honda , Bang Katrina E. , Monteiro Augusto César , Prado Marcelo Pires , de Cesar Netto Cesar 
Published: February 2020

Background: Zone 1 fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal are usually treated nonsurgically using some type of immobilization. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and functional outcomes, time to return to prior activity levels, and rate of bone healing when using a hard-soled shoe (HSS) vs a controlled ankle motion (CAM)–walker boot (CWB). Methods: Seventy-two consecutive patients with zone 1 fractures of the fifth metatarsal base were treated conservatively with either an HSS or CWB by 2 different providers. We included 57 women and 15 men, average age of 41.3 (range, 16-88) years. Radiographic findings, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and American Orthopaedic Ankle & Foot Society (AOFAS) midfoot score were assessed. Patients were followed at 4, 8, 10, 12, and 24 weeks or until asymptomatic and able to return to prior level of activities. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U, Fisher exact, and chi-square tests. P values <.05 were considered significant. Results: Age and gender distributions were similar in both groups ( P = .23 and P = .57). Patients had similar VAS and AOFAS scores after 8 ( P = .34 and P = .83) and 12 ( P = .87 and P = .79) weeks. Average time for bone healing was significantly faster using the CWB (7.2 weeks) when compared to the HSS (8.6 weeks) ( P < .001). The average time to return to prior level of activities was similar in both groups (8.3 weeks for CWB and 9.7 weeks for HSS) ( P = .11). Fracture displacement was equal in both groups, with a mean of 1.9 mm of displacement in patients using the HSS, and a mean of 1.6 mm in those using the CWB ( P = .26). Conclusion: Zone 1 fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal can be treated conservatively with either a hard-soled shoe or a CAM-walker boot. Even though patients treated in the CAM-walker boot demonstrated earlier signs of complete healing, similar clinical and functional results were achieved with both treatments. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Clinical findings and outcomes of uveitis associated with multiple sclerosis
Authors: AlBloushi Abdulrahman F , Dheyab Abdulsalam M , Al-Swaina Nayef F , Al-Obailan Majed , Daif Abdul-kader , Abu El-Asrar Ahmed M 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To describe the clinical findings and outcomes in patients who presented with uveitis associated with multiple sclerosis. Methods: Retrospective review of 20 patients (38 eyes). Results: The most frequent ocular finding was multifocal elongated retinal perivenous “sheathing” with focal vascular leakage on fundus fluorescein angiography in 29 eyes followed by vitreous snowballs and debris in 26 eyes, anterior chamber inflammation in 15 eyes, mutton-fat keratic precipitates in 14 eyes, posterior synechiae in 13 eyes, cystoid macular edema in 9 eyes, iris nodules in 4 eyes, and optic neuritis in 3 eyes. Patients with cystoid macular edema were treated successfully with systemic corticosteroids combined with mycophenolate mofetil. Ocular complications were cataract in 6 eyes, glaucoma in 2 eyes and vitreous hemorrhage in 1 eye. Conclusions: Multifocal elongated retinal perivenous “sheathing” with focal vascular leakage on fundus fluorescein angiography is the most frequent finding in uveitis associated with multiple sclerosis.
The clinical outcome of the Metha short hip stem: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Tejaswi Purnachandra , Chytas Dimitrios , Kadu Vikram , Karanikas Dimitrios , Thorey Fritz 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Short femoral stems were designed to bridge the gap between conventional straight design stems and hip resurfacing prostheses in total hip arthroplasty (THA). A number of clinical trials have been recently conducted to assess the clinical and safety profile of the cementless, colarless, tapered Metha short hip stem in young or active middle-aged individuals. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. 4 reviewers independently conducted the search using the MEDLINE/PubMed database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. These databases were queried with the terms “short” AND “hip” AND “stem”. Results: From the initial 773 studies we finally chose 12 studies after applying our inclusion-exclusion criteria. The number of operated hips that were included in these studies was 5048 (mean BMI range: 22.7–35.2, mean age range: 44.4–60.4 years, mean follow-up range: 2–9 years). The mean modified Coleman methodology score was 52.3/100, while it ranged from 31/100 to 63/100. All mean clinical outcome scores that were used in the studies illustrated significant postoperative improvement when compared with the respective initial values. The revision rate of the Metha stem for component-related reasons was 2.5%, while the rate of major complications not requiring revision of the Metha stem was 2.8%. Conclusions: The Metha stem performs well in young or active middle-aged THA patients. Further studies are required for the assessment of the long-term results.
Smokeless Tobacco Use, Cigarette Smoking, and Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers: A Case-Control Study in the Batna Region, Algeria, 2008-2011
Authors: Oudjehih Messaouda , Deltour Isabelle , Bouhidel Mohamed Larbi , Bouhidel Atika , Marref Abdelwahab , Luzon Véronique , Schüz Joachim , Bouneceur Hocine , Leon Maria E 
Published: February 2020

Background: A significant proportion of the Algerian population uses tobacco products and is at risk of developing tobacco-associated cancers. Aims: This case-control study reports on the association between tobacco use and the occurrence of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers in Batna, Algeria. Methods: Incident primary UADT cancer cases in residents of Batna in 2008-2011 were identified using the regional tumor registry. One hospital and 1 population control were matched to each case by sex, year of birth, and residence. Information on tobacco use was collected, and odds ratios (ORs) were obtained using conditional logistic regression also after sex stratification. Results: The study included 192 cases (80%) of the 241 primary UADT cancer cases identified and 384 controls. Males represented 76.6% of cancer cases. Cancers of the nasopharynx (48%) and the larynx (26%) were the most common types. Ever use of smokeless tobacco (ST) (OR = 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6-1.5) or current ST use (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.6-1.7) was not associated with overall risk of UADT cancers. Associations with cancers of the nasopharynx (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.5-4.6) and oral cavity/oropharynx (OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 0.8-11.8) were found when comparing use of ST only to no consumption of any tobacco. Cigarette smoking was associated with an increase in the overall risk of UADT cancers, with a 3-fold increase in the risk of laryngeal cancer when comparing smoking only to no consumption of any tobacco (OR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.0-11.5). Associations for smokers who also consumed ST differed by cancer site. Conclusion: In this study from Algeria dominated by male cases and by cancer in the nasopharynx, cigarette smoking but not ST was associated with UADT cancer. Analyses by anatomical site and using as reference never use of any type of tobacco suggested few associations with ST but of lower precision.
Airway Pressure Release Ventilation: A Review of the Evidence, Theoretical Benefits, and Alternative Titration Strategies
Authors: Fredericks Andrew S , Bunker Matthew P , Gliga Louise A , Ebeling Callie G , Ringqvist Jenny RB , Heravi Hooman , Manley James , Valladares Jason , Romito Bryan T 
Published: February 2020

Objective:To review the theoretical benefits of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV), summarize the evidence for its use in clinical practice, and discuss different titration strategies.Data Source:Published randomized controlled trials in humans, observational human studies, animal studies, review articles, ventilator textbooks, and editorials.Data Summary:Airway pressure release ventilation optimizes alveolar recruitment, reduces airway pressures, allows for spontaneous breathing, and offers many hemodynamic benefits. Despite these physiologic advantages, there are inconsistent data to support the use of APRV over other modes of ventilation. There is considerable heterogeneity in the application of APRV among providers and a shortage of information describing initiation and titration strategies. To date, no direct comparison studies of APRV strategies have been performed. This review describes 2 common management approaches that bedside providers can use to optimally tailor APRV to their patients.Conclusion:Airway pressure release ventilation remains a form of mechanical ventilation primarily used for refractory hypoxemia. It offers unique physiological advantages over other ventilatory modes, and providers must be familiar with different titration methods. Given its inconsistent outcome data and heterogeneous use in practice, future trials should directly compare APRV strategies to determine the optimal management approach.
Low SOX12 Expression Is Correlated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yang Kan-kan , Xu Hui-mian , Huang Jin-yu , Guo Yu-xuan , Wang Zhen-ning 
Published: February 2020

Background: SRY-related HMG box-12, which is associated with the prognosis of cancer, has been frequently described. However, both SRY-related HMG box-12 expression and its relationship with clinicopathological variables and patient survival have not been defined in gastric cancer. The aim of our study was to examine the prognostic value of SRY-related HMG box-12 expression in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: In this study, we determined SRY-related HMG box-12 expression in 79 primary gastric cancer tissues and 79 matched adjacent nontumor tissues by immunohistochemistry and then calculated the survival rate using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze predictors of gastric cancer. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate the difference in SRY-related HMG box-12 expression between normal gastric epithelial cells and gastric cancer cells at the protein level and RNA level, respectively. Results: SRY-related HMG box-12 was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues. Low SRY-related HMG box-12 expression was significantly associated not only with lymph node metastasis ( P = .027) and TNM stage ( P = .021) but also with disease-specific survival in patients with gastric cancer. Multivariate analysis demonstrated TNM stage was an independent factor predicting poor survival ( P = .034). Conclusions: Low SRY-related HMG box-12 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in gastric cancer.
Impact of Educational Intervention on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Laboratory Technicians regarding Universal Work Precautions at a Tertiary Health Care Center in Central India
Authors: Mehta Abhishek , Diwakar Manish Kr. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Laboratory technicians are routinely exposed to occupational health hazards that can be a serious threat to their health. To safeguard themselves against laboratory-acquired infections, they must be aware of universal work precautions. A targeted educational intervention to increase awareness about universal precautions was designed to result in behavioral changes in attitudes and practices to help reduce the incidence of laboratory-acquired infections. This study was planned to assess the preexisting levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of laboratory technicians regarding universal work precautions at a tertiary care hospital in central India and to evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions on the same. Method: The 40 lab technicians participating in the study were subjected to educational interventions in the form of training on universal precautions. Pretest and posttest evaluations using questionnaires were conducted to evaluate the learning gain. Pretest and posttest responses to each question were compared using the Pearson chi-square test. The subjects’ mean pretest and posttest scores were compared using paired t tests, and the significance level was set at .05. Results: There was remarkably significant improvement in knowledge, attitudes, and practices of laboratory technicians regarding universal work precautions after the educational intervention/training sessions. Conclusion: On the basis of the findings, it was suggested that such training sessions should be conducted regularly for laboratory technicians to help in better retention of knowledge and to instill a positive attitude toward universal precautions.
Severe thoracolumbar congenital kyphosis treated with single posterior approach and gradual “in situ” correction
Authors: Audat Ziad A , Radaideh Ahmad M , Odat Mohannad A , Bashaireh Khaldoon M , Mohaidat Ziyad M , Assmairan Mohammed A , Alshbool Omar K , Audat Mohammad Z 
Published: February 2020

Background: Congenital kyphosis results from the failed formation of the vertebrae during the embryonic period and may be associated with cardiac, urogenital, or spinal cord anomalies. Surgical treatment is the best choice through anterior, posterior, or both approaches. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of posterior gradual correction using the “in situ” bender to correct severe thoracolumbar congenital kyphosis with or without osteotomy or excision of the vertebra. Methods: Twenty-five patients with an age range of 2–23 (mean ± SD = 12.58 ± 6.03) years with severe thoracolumbar kyphosis were treated surgically at our institution between 2004 and 2013. Pedicle screwing, osteotomy, and gradual “in situ” bending through the single posterior approach were the choices of treatment. Cobb’s angle, patient’s height, and SRS-22r were used to evaluate the patients preoperatively and postoperatively. Follow-up periods were 35–136 months. Result: Cobb’s angle pre-surgery range was 35–180 (81.48 ± 39.1) degrees improved post-surgery to 0–45 (21.72 ± 13.47) degrees ( p-value <0.0001). The range of patients’ standing height pre-surgery was 79–170 (142.42 ± 24.85) centimeters increased after surgery to 81–175 (147.76 ± 26.33) centimeters ( p-value <0.0001). SRS-22r pre-surgery range was between 2.12 and 3.904 (3.2 ± 0.77) and improved post-surgery to 4.16 and 4.96 (4.59 ± 0.29) ( p-value = 0.046). Conclusion: Gradual correction with the “in situ” bender with or without osteotomy through the single posterior approach can give satisfying clinical (patients’ standing height and SRS-22r scores) and radiological (Cobb’s angle) results to treat severe congenital thoracolumbar kyphosis.
Can We Predict Usage of Dental Services? An Analysis from Germany 2000 to 2015
Authors: Schwendicke F. , Krois J. , Jordan R. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: We aimed to predict the usage of dental services in Germany from 2000 to 2015 based on epidemiologic and demographic data, and to compare these predictions against claims within the statutory health insurance. Methods: Indicators for operative (number of coronally decayed or filled teeth, root surface caries lesions, and fillings), prosthetic (number of missing teeth), and periodontal treatment needs (number of teeth with probing pocket depths (PPDs) ≥ 4 mm) from nationally representative German Oral Health Studies (1997, 2005, 2014) were cross-sectionally interpolated across age and time, and combined with year- and age-specific population estimates. These, as well as the number of children eligible for individual preventive services (aged 6 to 17 y), were adjusted for age- and time-specific insurance status and services’ utilization to yield predicted usage of operative, prosthetic, periodontal, and preventive services. Cumulative annual usage in these 4 services groups were compared against aggregations of a total of 24 claims positions from the statutory German health insurance. Results: Morbidity, utilization, and demography were highly dynamic across age groups and over time. Despite improvements of individual oral health, predicted usage of dental services did not decrease over time, but increased mainly due to usage shifts from younger (shrinking) to older (growing) age groups. Predicted usage of operative services increased between 2000 and 2015 (from 52 million to 56 million, +7.8%); predictions largely agreed with claimed services (root mean square error [RMSE] 1.9 million services, error range −4.6/+3.8%). Prosthetic services increased (from 2.4 million to 2.6 million, +11.9%), with near perfect agreement to claimed data [RMSE 0.1 million services, error range −8.3/+3.9%]). Periodontal services also increased (from 21 million to 27 million, +25.9%; RMSE 5.2 million services, error range +21.9/+36.5%), as did preventive services (from 22 million to 27 million, +20.4%; RMSE 3 million, error range −13.7/−4.7%). Conclusion: Predicting dental services seems viable when accounting for the joint dynamics of morbidity, utilization, and demographics. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Based on epidemiologic and demographic data, predicting usage of certain dental services is viable when accounting for the dynamics of morbidity, utilization, and demographics.
Influence of ozonized water on pain, oedema, and trismus during impacted third molar surgery: a randomized, triple blind clinical trial
Authors: Glória José Cristiano Ramos , Douglas-de-Oliveira Dhelfeson Willya , e Silva Larissa Doalla Almeida , Falci Saulo Gabriel Moreira , dos Santos Cássio Roberto Rocha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ozonized water on pain, oedema and trismus after impacted third molar mandibular surgeries when compared to double distilled water. A randomized triple blind trial was conducted.MethodsPatients with third molars class II-B of Pell-Gregory were included, and surgical extraction was performed. Irrigation was done with ozonized (group 1) or double distilled water (group 2). The type of irrigation and the side to be operated were randomized. Neither the patients nor the operator or evaluator were aware of the irrigation solution. Pain, oedema and trismus were evaluated at baseline, 24-h, 48-h, 72-h and 7-days after treatment. The data were evaluated by Friedman, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney tests, and size effect.ResultsIt was included 8 men and 12 women, with a mean age of 20.9y.o. The initial pain mean was 7.94 (±12.81) (group 1) and 5.50 (±9.12) (group 2) (p > 0,05). There was a statistically significant reduction of pain, oedema and trismus in intragroup analysis (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) when comparing the oedema and trismus between groups. The size effect ranged from small (0.23) to large (1.29).ConclusionsIt was concluded that ozonized water was compatible as irrigation method, not inferior to double distilled water, and had satisfactory effects on management of pain, oedema and trismus after surgical removal of the third molar.Trial registrationThis clinical trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.govNCT03501225on April 18, 2018.
Opuntia cladode powders inhibit adipogenesis in 3 T3-F442A adipocytes and a high-fat-diet rat model by modifying metabolic parameters and favouring faecal fat excretion
Authors: Héliès-Toussaint Cécile , Fouché Edwin , Naud Nathalie , Blas-Y-Estrada Florence , del Socorro Santos-Diaz Maria , Nègre-Salvayre Anne , Barba de la Rosa Ana Paulina , Guéraud Françoise 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a major public health concern worldwide. A sedentary life and a nutritional transition to processed foods and high-calorie diets are contributing factors to obesity. The demand for nutraceutical foods, such as herbal weight-loss products, which offer the potential to counteract obesity, has consequently increased. We hypothesised that Opuntia cladodes consumption could assist weight management in an obesity prevention context.

Methods
This study was designed to explore the anti-adipogenic effects of lyophilised Opuntia cladode powders (OCP) in an in vitro cellular model for adipocyte differentiation and an in vivo high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity rat model. Two OCP were tested, one from wild species O. streptacantha and the second from the most known species O. ficus-indica.

Results
Pre-adipocytes 3 T3-F442A were treated by OCP during the differentiation process by insulin. OCP treatment impaired the differentiation in adipocytes, as supported by the decreased triglyceride content and a low glucose uptake, which remained comparable to that observed in undifferentiated controls, suggesting that an anti-adipogenic effect was exerted by OCP. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed with a normal or HFD, supplemented or not with OCP for 8 weeks. OCP treatment slightly reduced body weight gain, liver and abdominal fat weights, improved some obesity-related metabolic parameters and increased triglyceride excretion in the faeces. Taken together, these results showed that OCP might contribute to reduce adipogenesis and fat storage in a HFD context, notably by promoting the faecal excretion of fats.

Conclusions
Opuntia cladodes may be used as a dietary supplement or potential therapeutic agent in diet-based therapies for weight management to prevent obesity.

Graphical abstract