bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best practice peri-extubation bundle reduces neonatal and infant extubation failure after cardiac surgery
Authors: Todd Tzanetos Deanna , Bassi Harjot , Furlong-Dillard Jamie , Mastropietro Christopher , Olive Mary , Klugman Darren , Werho David 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Extubation failure after neonatal cardiac surgery is associated with increased intensive care unit length of stay, morbidity, and mortality. We performed a quality improvement project to create and implement a peri-extubation bundle, including extubation readiness testing, spontaneous breathing trial, and high-risk criteria identification, using best practices at high-performing centers to decrease neonatal and infant extubation failure by 20% from a baseline of 15.7% to 12.6% over a 2-year period.MethodsUtilising the transparency of the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium database, five centres were identified as high performers, having better-than-expected neonatal extubation success rates with the balancing metric of as-expected or better-than-expected mechanical ventilation duration. Structured interviews were conducted with cardiac intensive care unit physician leadership at the identified centers to determine centre-specific extubation practices. Data from those interviews underwent qualitative content analysis which was used to develop a peri-extubation bundle. The bundle was implemented at a single-centre 17-bed cardiac intensive care unit. Extubation failure, defined as reintubation within 48 hours of extubation for anything other than a procedure, ventilator days and bundle compliance was tracked.ResultsThere was a 41.4% decrease in extubation failure following bundle implementation (12 failures of 76 extubations pre-implantation; 6 failures of 65 extubations post-implementation). Bundle compliance was 95.4%. There was no difference in ventilator days (p = 0.079) between groups.ConclusionImplementation of a peri-extubation bundle created from best practices at high-performing centres reduced extubation failure by 41.4% in neonates and infants undergoing congenital heart surgery.
The enhancement of creativity through foreign language learning: Do personality traits matter?
Authors: Li Chengchen , Wei Li 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates how L2 proficiency contributes to creativity in relation to personality among 205 young adolescent English-as-a-foreign-language learners from rural China. Participants completed the Cambridge A2 Key for Schools English Test to assess English proficiency, the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory to evaluate personality traits, and the Evaluation of Potential Creativity to measure creativity, operationalized as divergent and convergent thinking in verbal and graphic domains. Pearson correlation analyses revealed that L2 proficiency was positively associated with both divergent and convergent thinking across verbal and graphic domains, while Openness to Experience and Extraversion were positively linked to creativity components, albeit partially depending on the domain. Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism showed no significant associations with creativity. Structural equation modeling further demonstrated that L2 proficiency, Openness, and Extraversion directly co-predicted creativity components, excluding convergent thinking in the verbal domain.
Nomads, Territory, and the Kantian State
Authors: Milioni Anna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the ‘puzzle of the nomads’ in the Metaphysics of Morals: the apparent tension between Kant’s argument about the duty to leave the state of nature and his insistence that European colonizers cannot permissibly force nomads to enter a civil union. Arguing that the puzzle is twofold, I suggest that the answer lies in the relationship between the state and territory in Kant’s work. After showing the shortcomings of an approach which suggests that nomadic peoples cannot enter the civil state without settling, I defend an alternative interpretation, which conceives the territoriality of the state as contingent.
Feeding straw to suckler cows spared land but did not decrease the climate impact of beef
Authors: von Greyerz Karin , Ericsson Niclas , Jardstedt Mikaela , Hessle Anna , Arvidsson Segerkvist Katarina , Röös Elin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Beef has a considerably higher climate impact than meat from monogastric animals and plant-based foods, due to methane emissions from enteric fermentation in ruminants. Animal feed production also contributes considerably to the climate impact, through carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel use and nitrous oxide emissions from soil. Despite this, ruminant animals can still be part of sustainable food systems, as they can produce human-edible food from coarse biomass unsuitable for human consumption (e.g., grass or straw), i.e., acting as ‘upgraders’. Feeding ruminants on coarse biomass also reduces the need for cropland for feed production. Using cereal straw as indoor feed for suckler cows reduces their feed intake in winter, while increasing their intake of biomass on pasture during the grazing season. This study assessed the climate impact of producing 1 kg of beef (carcass weight), and of the farm as a whole, in a Swedish suckler-based system using a mixture of cereal straw and grass-clover silage as winter feed for suckler cows, compared with using only grass-clover silage (reference scenario). The rest of the feed remained unchanged. Replacing part of the grass-clover silage with straw meant that less cropland area was needed to grow feed. Two alternative scenarios for using this spared land were investigated: producing wheat for human consumption (straw-food) and conversion to pasture (straw-pasture). Effects on total food production were also calculated. Using a combination of cereal straw and grass-clover silage as winter feed for suckler cows was found to reduce the climate impact associated with feed production compared with using only grass-clover silage. However, this change in winter feed increased biomass intake on pasture during the grazing season and thus the grazed area, so total climate impact of beef per kg carcass weight, and of the farm as a whole, increased when the demand for more grazing area resulted in deforestation. With no deforestation, the climate impact was comparable to that of beef from suckler cows fed exclusively on grass-clover silage during winter. Therefore, upcycling of straw to meat had no notable effect on the climate impact, indicating that using residues as feed does not always entail a climate benefit. However, increased demand for pasture can have a direct benefit for biodiversity if more biologically rich semi-natural pastures are maintained or restored. Using the land spared through feeding straw instead of grass-clover silage for wheat production increase total food production from the system, with potential indirect climate benefits.
Beamforming steering implementation using substrate-integrated waveguide Butler matrix and slotted array antenna for 5G n257 band
Authors: Chung Ming-An , Lee Ming-Chang , Hsu Chia-Chun , Lin Chia-Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a method to realize beam switching by using a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) Butler matrix combined with a slot array antenna. The Butler matrix consists of two hybrid couplers, two crossovers, two −45-degree phase shifters, and two 0-degree phase shifters. The slot array antenna is a 4 × 2 array. The operating frequency band of the slot array antenna, where the reflection coefficient is below −10 dB, is 26.5–31.5 GHz. The measured beamforming angles from input port 1 to input Port 4 of the Butler matrix are +46, −16, +15, and −50°, respectively. The corresponding antenna gains from input Port 1 to input Port 4 are 11.57 dB, 14.284 dB, 10.94 dB, and 12.864 dB, respectively. The dimensions of the Butler matrix and the slot array antenna are 56.8 mm × 21.2 mm × 0.254 mm. The dimensions of the SIW transmission channels between the Butler matrix and input Ports 1– 4 are 16.9 mm × 34 mm × 0.254 mm.
Shock Compression of Coesite up to 950 GPa
Authors: Feng Xiaokang , Katagiri Kento , Qu Jia , Nonaka Keita , Sun Liang , Zhu Pinwen , Ozaki Norimasa , Sano Takayoshi , Sekine Toshimori , Yang Wenge 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExperimental investigations of silica under high pressure and temperature offer crucial insights into modeling of Earth and super‐Earths’ interiors. Despite extensive studies on Hugoniots of silica polymorphs like fused‐silica (2.20 g/cm3), quartz (2.65 g/cm3) and stishovite (4.29 g/cm3) up to a terapascal, unexplored region of melting and liquid of silica at high pressures is leaved because of the Hugoniots dependence on ambient density. This emphasizes the urgence to supplement the phase diagram to constrain silica properties under extreme conditions. Here, the Hugoniot and shock temperature of coesite (2.92 g/cm3) were studied by laser shock compression experiments up to 950 GPa. Our findings confirm shock‐induced superheating in coesite, revealing a higher Grüneisen parameter and lower electrical conductivity compared to those of fused‐silica and quartz along an isothermal line (<2 × 104 K). These results suggest unique properties of shocked coesite, which imply a warmer and longer‐lived silica magma ocean of earlier rocky‐planets.
Inter‐Model Uncertainty in Projecting Precipitation Changes Over Central Asia Under Global Warming
Authors: Yao Mengyuan , Tang Haosu , Huang Gang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe impact of global warming on Central Asian precipitation suffers from huge uncertainties, yet their origins remain largely unidentified. This study investigates the inter‐model spread in the projection of winter Central Asian precipitation (WCAP) using models from the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 6. The results reveal a homogenous wetting trend in WCAP, with the primary source of uncertainty in its magnitude stemming from the dynamic component of vertical moisture advection. This dynamical uncertainty is further attributed to an out‐of‐phase variation between two Eurasian westerly jets, which can enhance the upward motion over Central Asia through positive relative vorticity advection and warm temperature advection. The opposing variation between two westerly jets can be traced to cooling in the North Pacific, which alters jet intensity through changes in the meridional temperature gradient. This study informs policy and adaptation strategies to better cope with future climate shifts in Central Asia.
Spatial modeling algorithms for reactions and transport in biological cells
Authors: Francis Emmet A. , Laughlin Justin G. , Dokken Jørgen S. , Finsberg Henrik N. T. , Lee Christopher T. , Rognes Marie E. , Rangamani Padmini 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Biological cells rely on precise spatiotemporal coordination of biochemical reactions to control their functions. Such cell signaling networks have been a common focus for mathematical models, but they remain challenging to simulate, particularly in realistic cell geometries. Here we present Spatial Modeling Algorithms for Reactions and Transport (SMART), a software package that takes in high-level user specifications about cell signaling networks and then assembles and solves the associated mathematical systems. SMART uses state-of-the-art finite element analysis, via the FEniCS Project software, to efficiently and accurately resolve cell signaling events over discretized cellular and subcellular geometries. We demonstrate its application to several different biological systems, including yes-associated protein (YAP)/PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) mechanotransduction, calcium signaling in neurons and cardiomyocytes, and ATP generation in mitochondria. Throughout, we utilize experimentally derived realistic cellular geometries represented by well-conditioned tetrahedral meshes. These scenarios demonstrate the applicability, flexibility, accuracy and efficiency of SMART across a range of temporal and spatial scales.
On the use of dental microwear texture analysis to determine aetiology and assess wear of dental tissues for clinical evaluation
Authors: Ungar Peter S. , Hara Anderson T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHere, we present and synthesise some recent collaborative efforts in our laboratories to establish protocols for using dental microwear texture analysis, originally developed to reconstruct diets of fossil mammals and to aid in the clinical assessment of dental patients today. The idea is to propose a method where polyvinylsiloxane impressions, as used in many dental practices, can be combined with surface texture analysis for a rapid, non‐invasive, and inexpensive approach to detect and monitor the progression of tooth wear at fine scales over short durations and help determine causal agents of dental tissue loss. We employed both in vitro experimentation and in vivo analysis for abrasion and erosion of enamel and dentin surfaces. Three‐dimensional point clouds of impression surfaces were generated using a scanning confocal profiler and analysed using both standard ISO and scale‐sensitive fractal analysis approaches. The authors’ results indicate that texture attributes distinguish sound, abraded, and eroded surfaces. Furthermore, microwear textures can parse erosive tooth wear by the causal pH level and duration of exposure. These and other related studies indicate that dental microwear texture analysis holds potential for determining the aetiology of pathological tooth wear and for the clinical assessment and monitoring of dental patients at risk for excessive dental tissue loss at fine scales over short intervals.
Glitches in solar-like oscillating F-type stars
Authors: Deal M. , Goupil M.-J. , Philidet J. , Cunha M. S. , Teissonniere R. , Josselin E. 
Published: December 2024

Context. The glitch signatures in r010 for F-type stars (higher amplitude and period of the oscillatory component) are very different from those of G-type stars.
Aims. The aim of this work is to analyse the signatures of these glitches and understand the origin of the differences in these signatures between G-type and F-type stars.
Methods. We fit the glitch signatures in the frequencies, second differences, and r010 ratios while assuming either a sinusoidal variation or a more complex expression. The fit provides the acoustic depth, and hence the position, of the bottom of the convective envelope for nine Kepler stars and the Sun.
Results. We find that for F-type stars, the most commonly used fitting expressions for the glitch of the bottom of the convective envelope provide different measurements of the position of the bottom of the convective envelope for the three seismic indicators, while it is not the case for G-type stars. When adding an additional term in the fitting expression with twice the acoustic depth of the standard term (a contribution that accounts for the highly non-sinusoidal shape of the signature in the r010 ratios), we find better agreement between the three seismic indicators and with the prediction of stellar evolution models.
Conclusions. While the origin of this additional term is not yet understood, this may be an indication that the transition between the convective envelope and the underlying radiative zone is different for G- and F-type stars. This outcome brings new insight into the physics in these regions.
Determination and Characterization of Optimum Non-Linear Damping in Vehicle Suspension System
Authors: Soong Ming Foong , Goh Kah Yin , Phang Swee King 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Vehicle suspension system plays a crucial role in ensuring ride comfort, stability and safety of vehicle and passengers. Damping, a critical component of suspension system, attenuates vehicle vibrations and impacts onto the vehicle structure and passengers, thereby enhancing the overall vehicle performance, namely ride comfort and road holding. Traditionally, linear damping model has been employed, however the dynamic nature of real-world driving conditions often requires a more detailed understanding of damping behaviour, particularly in non-linear regime. This paper focuses on the determination and characterization of the optimum non-linear damping profile in vehicle suspension considering vehicle ride performance criteria using a 2 degree-of-freedom quarter vehicle model and then comparing them between linear and non-linear damping regimes. A comprehensive computational mathematical model is developed in MATLAB® environment to simulate the complex interactions between the vehicle, suspension components and road input. Multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization technique is then implemented to determine the optimum non-linear damping in the form of Pareto front using MATLAB® Global Optimization Toolbox by minimizing the two conflicting objectives which are vehicle body acceleration and dynamic tire load, which represents the ride comfort and road holding ability. Through computational simulation studies, the effects of non-linear damping on ride comfort and road holding ability can be evaluated and compared with linear damping model. In non-linear damping, the damping force does not increase linearly with the velocity of the suspension movement as in linear damping. Instead, the damping force changes at different rates depending on the velocity or displacement change. However, its non-linear profile remains unknown and need to be determined. Hence, the characteristic of non-linear damping is then determined through curve-fitting method, selecting a mathematical representation which best-fits the non-linear profile. As a result, the non-linear damping profile obtained is discovered to have low damping at the early velocity range, proceeding with an overall increasing trend, and then saturated towards the end of the velocity range, is a 5th order polynomial damping model.
Design and Development of an Automated PET Plastic Bottle 3D Printer Filament Making Machine
Authors: Meraj Muhammad , Ku Pei Xuan , Choo Hui Leng , Aung Phyi Phyo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The aim of this project is to develop an automated machine to make 3D printer filament using PET plastic bottle. The first part of the machine is a bottle cutter through which smoothed surface PET bottle is cut to strip ribbon like shape, and this goes into the second part of the machine which is a heating block with a nozzle to extrude filament of around 1.75mm diameter, powered using a power supply and its temperature automatically controlled using an Arduino Nano. Two experiments were also carried out using this system to study the effects of varying PET strip widths and heating temperature on the extruded filament, which showed that increased PET strip width requires higher temperature for extrusion and increased temperature results in thinner diameter of filament. A bottle cut to 10mm width strips and extruded at 240°C was found to be the best setting for an optimal filament extrusion. This was used to 3D print DIN 53504 tensile specimens which was tested to get the material properties, where the yield stress of recycled PET was found to be 32.93MPa, and its elastic modulus 2937.98MPa.
Analysis of measurement uncertainties in mechanical production and subsequent use for process stability control
Authors: Kubišová M , Pata V , Šuba O , Endlerová D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the current industrial environment, where quality is a key factor in competitiveness, the measurement and control of the stability of production processes plays a vital role. This work focuses on the analysis of measurement uncertainties in mechanical production and their subsequent use for process stability control. Measurement uncertainties are an inherent part of any measurement system, and their understanding and proper management are necessary to ensure the accuracy and reliability of production processes. The MSA (Measurement Systems Analysis) method enables the assessment of the capability of measurement systems and the identification of sources of variability. Emphasis is placed on the standard uncertainties of types A and B and the ways in which they affect the measurement process. The work also includes a description of the implementation of statistical process control (SPC) and its importance in maintaining a stable production process. SPC makes it possible to continuously monitor production processes and quickly identify deviations, leading to timely corrections and minimization of defects. To achieve these goals, quality tools such as the Ishikawa diagram, histogram, and Pareto diagram are used. This work provides a comprehensive view of the importance of measurement and data analysis in ensuring stability and quality in manufacturing processes.
Ganoderma disease detection in oil palm plantations using C and L band SAR backscatter time series
Authors: Samitha Daranagama D.A. , Takeuchi Wataru 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ganoderma disease poses a significant threat to the oil palm industry in Malaysia and Indonesia, resulting in substantial economic losses. This study aims to utilize a time series of C-band and L-band backscatter information to identify Ganoderma-infected oil palm plants and compare the results within a designated region of Malaysia. The analysis incorporates γ0 backscatter coefficients, backscatter cross ratio, the coefficient of variation (CV) from 2019 to 2022, and second-order texture matrices using Gray Level Covariance Matrix (GLCM) as input features. Three classification algorithms were tested: random forest, XGBoost, and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) for both L-band and C-band backscatter coefficients separately. Results indicate that L-band backscatter information from ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 outperforms C-band backscatter information from Sentinel-1, with QDA achieving the best performance, resulting in an F1-score of 0.86 for infected trees and 0.88 for healthy trees.
Exploring intensity metrics in raw LiDAR data processing for tropical forests
Authors: Jamru Lindah Roziani , Hashim Mazlan , Phua Mui How , Jafar Adi , Sakke Nordin , Eboy Oliver Valentine , Imang Ubong , Natar Maslina , Ahmad Azizul , Mohd Najib Sumayyah Aimi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
LiDAR sensing is an active sensor that can produce three-dimensional point clouds. This sensor offers the 3D acquisition and analysis of forest data, providing details on the vertical structures of the forest. This study delved into the processing of raw LiDAR data obtained through laser scanning, employing software tools such as Justin Javad, Pospac MMS, LMS, Terrascan and TerraMatch. The processes involved are mission planning, LiDAR data scanning, trajectory processing and data calibration. This is the crucial part of processing that defines the quality of the raw LiDAR data. The results showed that the standard error recorded for intensity metric ranged from 0.14 to 0.68. It is important to characterize the intensity metrics that provide useful information for identifying specific objects in a LiDAR point cloud. Foresters can leverage this information to interpret both the forest canopy and terrain, aiding in effective forest management. The precision achieved in intensity metrics enhances the utility of LiDAR technology in providing actionable data for forestry applications. This study has resulted in a data processing tool designed to optimize the advantages of utilizing intensity data for object recognition. This tool holds significant importance for users of LiDAR data.