bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontal Ethmoidal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are an infrequent subtype of cranial DAVFs. These lesions are most commonly derived from the ophthalmic artery. These lesions are often best treated utilizing endovascular embolization; however, this modality can be challenging because of the difficulty in catheterizing the ophthalmic or ethmoidal arteries. Surgical intervention is therefore indicated and requires approaching the proximal portion of the drainage vein to appropriately obliterate the fistulous point. For ethmoidal DAVFs, this is frequently along the dura of the cranial base adjacent to the cribriform plate. This patient had a right frontal hematoma with a typical ethmoidal DAVF. The fistula was exposed through a frontal craniotomy, and the ethmoidal branch was identified at the fistulous point. Intraoperative angiography was used to test for obliteration, which revealed a contralateral DAVF. The contralateral fistula was then obliterated in a similar manner, demonstrated on a second intraoperative angiogram. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Pterional Craniotomy for Anterior Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Broad-based aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery M1 bifurcation usually involve aneurysmal inclusion of an M2 vessel wall within the neck. This necessitates a consideration of performing a bypass to preserve the patency of distal perfusion. The patient in this video is a 17-yr-old man who presented after experiencing a small stroke and was found to have a partially thrombosed giant middle cerebral artery M1 bifurcation aneurysm with an M2 branch arising from the aneurysm. To maintain the perfusion of the M2 brain, the anterior temporal artery was used to perform a side-to-side anastomosis with the M2 brain at risk. A distal clip was determined to be not necessary for aneurysm occlusion because the aneurysm was almost completely thrombosed before the operation and the bypass flow was anticipated to be sufficient to facilitate complete thrombosis. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 91 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: a retrospective, multi-centre case series
Authors: Qian G -Q , Yang N -B , Ding F , Ma A H Y , Wang Z -Y , Shen Y -F , Shi C -W , Lian X , Chu J -G , Chen L , Wang Z -Y , Ren D -W , Li G -X , Chen X -Q , Shen H -J , Chen X -M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have focused on initial clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is the mainly revealing situation in Wuhan, Hubei.

Aim
This study aims to reveal more data on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients outside of Wuhan, Zhejiang, China.

Design
This study was a retrospective case series.

Methods
Eighty-eight cases of laboratory-confirmed and three cases of clinically confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to five hospitals in Zhejiang province, China. Data were collected from 20 January 2020 to 11 February 2020.

Results and discussion
Of all 91 patients, 88 (96.70%) were laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with throat swab samples that tested positive for SARS-Cov-2, three (3.30%) cases were clinically diagnosed. The median age of the patients was 50 (36.5–57) years, and female accounted for 59.34%. In this sample, 40 (43.96%) patients had contracted the disease from local cases, 31 (34.07%) patients had been to Wuhan/Hubei, eight (8.79%) patients had contacted with people from Wuhan, and 11 (12.09%) patients were diagnosed after having flown together in the same flight with no passenger that could later be identified as the source of infection. In particular within the city of Ningbo, 60.52% cases can be traced back to an event held in a temple. The most common symptoms were fever (71.43%), cough (60.44%) and fatigue (43.96%). The median of incubation period was 6 (interquartile range 3–8) days and the median time from the first visit to a doctor to the confirmed diagnosis was 1 (1–2) days. According to the chest computed tomography scans, 67.03% cases had bilateral pneumonia.

Conclusions
Social activity cluster, family cluster and flying alongside with persons already infected with COVID-19 were how people got infected with COVID-19 in Zhejiang.
Identifying insomnia-related chemicals through integrative analysis of genome-wide association studies and chemical–genes interaction information
Authors: Kafle Om Prakash , Cheng Shiqiang , Ma Mei , Li Ping , Cheng Bolun , Zhang Lu , Wen Yan , Liang Chujun , Qi Xin , Zhang Feng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder and constitutes a major issue in modern society. We provide new clues for revealing the association between environmental chemicals and insomnia.

Methods
Three genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary datasets of insomnia (n = 113,006, n = 1,331,010, and n = 453,379, respectively) were driven from the UK Biobank, 23andMe, and deCODE. The chemical–gene interaction dataset was downloaded from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. First, we conducted a meta-analysis of the three datasets of insomnia using the METAL software. Using the result of meta-analysis, transcriptome-wide association studies were performed to calculate the expression association testing statistics of insomnia. Then chemical-related gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the association between chemicals and insomnia.

Results
For GWAS meta-analysis dataset of insomnia, we identified 42 chemicals associated with insomnia in brain tissue (p &lt; 0.05) by GSEA. We detected five important chemicals such as pinosylvin (p = 0.0128), bromobenzene (p = 0.0134), clonidine (p = 0.0372), gabapentin (p = 0.0372), and melatonin (p = 0.0404) which are directly associated with insomnia.

Conclusion
Our study results provide new clues for revealing the roles of environmental chemicals in the development of insomnia.
Scots pine trees react to drought by increasing xylem and phloem conductivities
Authors: Kiorapostolou Natasa , Camarero J Julio , Carrer Marco , Sterck Frank , Brigita Brigita , Sangüesa-Barreda Gabriel , Petit Giai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Drought limits the long-distance transport of water in the xylem due to the reduced leaf-to-soil water potential difference and possible embolism-related losses of conductance and of sugars in the phloem due to the higher viscosity of the dehydrated sugary solution. This condition can have cascading effects in water and carbon (C) fluxes that may ultimately cause tree death. We hypothesize that the maintenance of xylem and phloem conductances is fundamental for survival also under reduced resource availability, when trees may produce effective and low C cost anatomical adjustments in the xylem and phloem close to the treetop where most of the hydraulic resistance is concentrated. We analyzed the treetop xylem and phloem anatomical characteristics in coexisting Scots pine trees, symptomatic and non-symptomatic of drought-induced dieback. We selected the topmost 55 cm of the main stem and selected several sampling positions at different distances from the stem apex to test for differences in the axial patterns between the two groups of trees. We measured the annual ring area, the tracheid hydraulic diameter (Dh) and cell wall thickness (CWT), the conductive phloem area and the average lumen diameter of the 20 largest phloem sieve cells (Dph). Declining trees grew less than the non-declining ones, and despite the similar axial scaling of anatomical traits, had larger Dh and lower CWT. Moreover, declining trees had wider Dph. Our results demonstrate that even under drought stress, maintenance of xylem and phloem efficiencies is of primary importance for survival, even if producing fewer larger tracheids may lead to a xylem more vulnerable to embolism formation.
Analysis of spatial clustering, time trend, social vulnerability and risk of human visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area in Brazil: an ecological study
Authors: Andrade Acácio W F , Souza Carlos D F , Carmo Rodrigo F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
More than 95% of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases in Latin America occur in Brazil, most of them in the northeast. The objective of this study was to identify spatial clusters with the highest risks of VL and to analyse the temporal behaviour of the incidence and the effects of social vulnerability on the disease transmission dynamic in northeastern Brazil.

Methods
All confirmed cases registered as residents in the state of Pernambuco during the period from 2007 to 2017 were analysed. The local empirical Bayesian method was applied and the association -between the VL incidence rate and municipal social vulnerability was tested via classic multivariate regression.

Results
A total of 1186 new cases were registered during the study period. Spatial analysis showed heterogeneous distribution, with the highest rates observed in the São Francisco and Sertão mesoregions. Moreover, the main factors associated with VL were urban infrastructure, income and work.

Conclusions
It was observed that spatial and temporal techniques are important tools for defining risk areas for VL, in conjunction with the evaluation of indexes of social vulnerability, which was shown to be an important factor for comprehending associations with VL in the state of Pernambuco.
Opportunistic sampling of wild native and invasive birds reveals a rich diversity of adenoviruses in Australia
Authors: Vaz Frederico F , Raso Tânia F , Agius Jessica E , Hunt Tony , Leishman Alan , Eden John-Sebastian , Phalen David N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Little is known about the diversity of adenoviruses in wild birds and how they have evolved and are maintained in complex ecosystems. In this study, 409 samples were collected from woodland birds caught for banding (droppings), birds submitted to a wildlife hospital (droppings and tissues), silver gulls (droppings or tissues), and feral pigeons (Columbia livia; oral, cloacal swabs, or tissues) from the Greater Sydney area in NSW, Australia. Additional samples were from native pigeons and doves (swabs) presented to the Healesville Sanctuary, VIC, Australia. Samples were screened for adenovirus DNA using degenerate primers and polymerase chain reaction. Adenovirus sequences were detected in eighty-three samples representing thirty-five novel amino acid sequences. Fourteen novel sequences were atadenoviruses, seven were aviadenoviruses, twelve were siadenoviruses, and one was a mastadenovirus. Sequences from passerine birds were predominately found to form a single lineage within the atadenoviruses, a second lineage in the siadenoviruses, and a third smaller aviadenovirus lineage. These viruses appeared to have co-evolved with a diverse group of woodland birds that share similar habitat. Evidence for host/virus co-evolution in some viruses and a wide host range in others was observed. A high prevalence of adenovirus infection was found in rainbow lorikeets (Trichoglossus haematodus), galahs (Eolophus roseicapilla), and sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita). Sequences were either identical to or mapped to already established lineages in the Aviadenovirus, Siadenovirus, and Atadenovirus genera, suggesting a possible origin of the psittacine adenoviruses in ancestral Australian psittacine birds. The sequences of passerine and psittacine origin provided insight into diversity and structure of the Atadenovirus genus and demonstrated for the first-time viruses of passerine origin in the Aviadenovirus genus. Four unrelated adenovirus sequences were found in silver gull samples (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae), including one of pigeon origin, suggesting environmental virus exposure. Three pigeon adenovirus types were detected in feral pigeons and infection prevalence was high. Evidence for host switching between invasive species and native species and native species and invasive species was documented. A variant of a murine adenovirus was detected in kidney tissue from two bird species suggesting mouse to bird transmission.
Breeding systems and genetic diversity in tropical carpenter ant colonies: different strategies for similar outcomes in Brazilian Cerrado savanna
Authors: Azevedo-Silva Marianne , Mori Gustavo M , Carvalho Carolina S , Côrtes Marina C , Souza Anete P , Oliveira Paulo S 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEusocial insects tend to present low genetic diversity (GD) within colonies, which can increase with the co-occurrence of multiple queens (polygyny) or with multiple mating by a single queen (polyandry). Therefore, it is important to elucidate how these strategies influence GD, which in turn mediate population ecology and how organisms respond to their environment. We studied two carpenter ant species from the Brazilian savanna, Camponotus renggeri and C. rufipes. Using microsatellites, we evaluated the number of breeders, the genetic relatedness and the contribution of polygyny and polyandry to GD within colonies. Both species exhibited facultative polygyny. In C. renggeri, low related queens formed colonies jointly and present low mating frequency. In this species, colony GD increased with the number of queens. Contrastingly, closely related queens of C. rufipes formed polygynous colonies, exhibiting high mating frequency. In C. rufipes, both queens and males contributed to colony GD. Despite the differences, the two species have similar GD at the colony scale. Under low mating frequency, our data support that polygyny has evolutionary importance for increasing GD in ant colonies, a mechanism mainly conferred to polyandry. Although the impact of GD in variable ecological and adaptive contexts remains uncertain, this study highlights how distinct reproductive strategies may generate similar patterns of GD in ants.
The analysis of the role of MexAB-OprM on quorum sensing homeostasis shows that the apparent redundancy of Pseudomonasaeruginosamultidrug efflux pumps allows keeping the robustness and the plasticity of this intercellular signaling network
Authors: Alcalde-Rico Manuel , Olivares-Pacheco Jorge , Halliday Nigel , Cámara Miguel , Martínez José Luis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMultidrug efflux pumps are key determinants for antibiotic resistance. Besides contributing to intrinsic resistance, their overexpression is frequently a cause of the increased resistance acquired during therapy. In addition to their role in resistance to antimicrobials, efflux pumps are ancient and conserved elements with relevant roles in different aspects of the bacterial physiology. It is then conceivable that their overexpression might cause a burden that will be translated into a fitness cost associated with the acquisition of resistance. In the case ofPseudomonas aeruginosa, it has been stated that overexpression of different efflux pumps is linked to the impairment of the quorum sensing (QS) response. Nevertheless, the causes of such impairment are different for each analyzed efflux pump. In this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the QS-mediated response of aP. aeruginosaantibiotic resistant mutant that overexpresses MexAB-OprM. Although previous work claimed that this efflux pump extrudes the QS signal 3-oxo-C12-HSL, we show otherwise. Our results suggest that the observed attenuation in the QS response when overexpressing this pump is related to a reduced availability of intracellular octanoate, one of the precursors of the biosynthesis of alkyl quinolone QS signals. The overexpression of otherP. aeruginosaefflux pumps has been shown to also cause a reduction in intracellular levels of QS signals or their precursors impacting on these signaling mechanisms. However, the molecules involved are distinct for each efflux pump, indicating that they can differentially contribute to theP. aeruginosaquorum sensing homeostasis.ImportanceThe success of bacterial pathogens to cause disease relies on their virulence capabilities as well as in their resistance to antibiotic interventions. In the case of the important nosocomial pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosa, multidrug efflux pumps participate in the resistance/virulence crosstalk since, besides contributing to antibiotic resistance, they can also modulate the quorum sensing (QS) response. We show that mutants overexpressing the MexAB-OprM efflux pump, present an impaired QS response due to the reduced availability of the QS signal precursor octanoate, not because they extrude, as previously stated, the QS signal 3-oxo-C12-HSL. Together with previous studies, this indicates that, although the consequences of overexpressing efflux pumps are similar (impaired QS response), the mechanisms are different. This ‘apparent redundancy’ of RND efflux systems can be understood as aP. aeruginosastrategy to keep the robustness of the QS regulatory network and modulate its output in response to different signals.
β-catenin Signaling Regulates Cell Fate Decisions at the Transition Zone of the Chondro-Osseous Junction During Fracture Healing
Authors: Wong Sarah Anne , Hu Diane , Shao Tiffany , Niemi Erene , Barruet Emilie , Morales Blanca M , Boozarpour Omid , Miclau Theodore , Hsiao Edward C , Nakamura Mary , Bahney Chelsea S , Marcucio Ralph S 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChondrocytes within the fracture callus transform into osteoblasts during bone regeneration, but the molecular mechanisms regulating this process are unknown. Wnt ligands are expressed within the fracture callus, and hypertrophic chondrocytes undergoing transformation to osteoblasts exhibit nuclear localization of β-catenin, indicating active Wnt signaling in these cells. Here, we show that conditional knock out (cKO) of β-catenin in chondrocytes inhibits the transformation of chondrocytes to osteoblasts, while stabilization of β-catenin in chondrocytes accelerates this process. After cKO, chondrocyte-derived cells were located in the bone marrow cavity and upon re-fracture formed cartilage. Lineage tracing in wild type mice revealed that in addition to osteoblasts, chondrocytes give rise to stem cells that contribute to repair of subsequent fractures. These data indicate that Wnt signaling directs cell fate choices of chondrocytes during fracture healing by stimulating transformation of chondrocytes to osteoblasts, and provide a framework for developing Wnt-therapies to stimulate repair.
Spontaneous regression of micro-metastases following primary tumor excision: a critical role for primary tumor secretome
Authors: Shaashua Lee , Eckerling Anabel , Israeli Boaz , Yanovich Gali , Rosenne Ella , Fichman-Horn Suzana , Ben Zvi Ido , Sorski Liat , Satchi-Fainaro Ronit , Geiger Tamar , Sloan Erica K. , Ben-Eliyahu Shamgar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNumerous case studies have reported spontaneous regression of recognized metastases following primary tumor (PT) excision, but underlying mechanisms are elusive. Here we present a model of metastases regression and latency following PT excision, and identify potential underlying mechanisms. Using MDA-MB-231HMhuman breast cancer cells that express highly sensitive luciferase, we were able to monitor early stages of spontaneous metastases development in BALB/c nu/nu mice. Removal of the PT caused marked regression of the smallest micro-metastases, but not of larger metastases, andin vivosupplementation of tumor secretome diminished this regression, suggesting that PT-secreted factors promote early metastatic growth. Correspondingly, cancer cell conditioned medium reduced apoptosis and enhanced MDA-MB-231HMadhesionin vitro. To identify specific mediating factors, cytokine array and proteomic analysis of MDA-MB-231HMsecretome were conducted. Results identified significant enrichment of angiogenesis, growth factors binding and activity, focal adhesion, metalloprotease regulation, and apoptosis regulation processes. Simultaneousin vivoblockade of four secreted key potential mediators of these processes, IL-8, PDGFaa, Serpin E1 (PAI-1), and MIF, arrested development of micro-metastases in the presence of the PT. Interestingly, using the public TCGA provisional dataset, high protein levels of these four factors were correlated with poor survival in a cohort of lung adenocarcinoma patients. These results demonstrate regression and latency of micro-metastases following PT excision, and a crucial role for PT-secretome in promoting early metastatic stages in MDA-MB-231HMxenografts. If generalized, such findings can suggest novel approaches to control minimal residual disease during and following PT excision.
TGF-Β Family Inhibitors Blunt Adipogenesis Via Non-Canonical Regulation Of SMAD Pathways
Authors: Aykul Senem , Maust Jordan , Floer Monique , Martinez-Hackert Erik 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTAdipose tissues (AT) expand in response to energy surplus through adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia (i.e., adipogenesis). The latter is a process by which multipotent precursors differentiate into mature adipocytes. This process is directed by growth factors and cytokines, including members of the TGF-β family, which regulate intracellular signaling pathways that control adipogenic transcriptional programs. As ectopic adipogenesis has been linked with metabolic syndrome and other pathological conditions, we undertook to establish how TGF-β family growth factors and their inhibitors regulate this process in a 3T3-L1 adipogenesis model. We found that intracellular SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathways are activated while SMAD2/3 pathways are suppressed in differentiating cells. Addition of SMAD1/5/8 pathway activating ligands promoted cell proliferation, while SMAD2/3 pathway activating ligands suppressed adipocyte formation. We identified several ligand traps that blunted 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. Strikingly, anti-adipogenic traps and ligands exploited the same mechanism of regulation involving a negative feedback loop that links SMAD2/3 activation with SMAD1/5/8 hyper-phosphorylation, cytoplasmic retention, and reduced signaling. The identified anti-adipogenic traps could be used to control hyperplastic AT expansion and its associated pathological conditions.