bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE APPLICATION OF E-LEARNING MATHEMATICS USING MOODLE IN IMPROVING STUDENTS' PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY
Authors: Kamaruddin Erdawaty 
Published: February 2020

E-learning is an online-based learning process that cannot replace conventional learning models in the classroom, but can support that model through the enrichment of content and development of educational technology. The use of e-learning is very useful, because it can train students to be more independent in gaining knowledge, high learning flexibility in accessing learning materials at all times and repeatedly, saving educational costs, and facilitating the renewal of learning materials and models in accordance with the demands of scientific development that happened. Problem solving is a high level cognitive ability that is complex, because when solving a problem, students need to think critically to be able to see a problem and think creatively to be able to solve the problem. Therefore, teachers are required to be able to shape students to have innovative, creative, and critical thinking abilities. For this reason, efforts are needed to improve teacher performance so that they can carry out their duties as one of the determining factors in achieving the quality of learning and improving student learning outcomes, especially in developing learning media based on e-learning. Based on these assumptions a problem arises in this study, namely: "What is the strategy of developing a prototype e-learning Mathematics learning tool using Moodle in order to improve students' problem solving abilities?". Specific targets in this study are: prototype e-learning Mathematics learning tools using Moodle. This research is a Research and Development that was carried out for seven months in the Computer Laboratory of PTIK FT UNJ.
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGY TEST OF CREATIVE THINKING-TORRANCE TEST (BTCT-TT) ASSESSMENT TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS
Authors: Radiah  
Published: February 2020

This research aims to developing the Biology Test of Creative Thunking-Torrance Test (BTCT-TT) assessment in studying Biology for high school student in grade 11. This type of research is Research& Development (R & D) with 4D (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). This study have develodped 37 items that are valid and reliabel. BTCT-TT was tested on 150 high school students, the results showed the average score of students’ creative thinking skills was significantly releted to students who received BTCT-TT assessment and Conventional assessment.

Keywords: Biology Test of Creative Thinking-Torrance Test (BTCT-TT), Creative Thinking
Korelasi Keberagamaan dan Kompetensi Kepemimpinan GPAI dalam Menanamkan Nilai Islam Rahmatan Lil ‘Alamin
Authors: Husin Muhammad Said , Nurbayani Etty 
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji korelasi keberagamaan (X) dan kompetensi kepemimpinan (Y) dari guru pendidikan agama Islam SMAN Samarinda (selanjutnya ditulis gpai) dalam menanamkan nilai Islam rahmatan lil ‘alamin kepada warga sekolah. Ada 2 model orientasi keberagamaan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini, yaitu model orientasi keberagamaan intrinsik dan model orientasi keberagamaan ekstrisik. Sedangkan kompetensi kepemimpinan gpai terdiri atas 3 aspek utama, yaitu aspek pemahaman, aspek manajemen pelaksananaan, dan aspek sikap dalam penanaman nilai demokratis, nilai toleransi, nilai humanis, dan nilai multi-kultural. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk mix methods kuantitatif-kualitatif model kombinasi (concurrent trianggulation) dengan 40 gpai yang tersebar pada 17 SMAN Samarinda sebagai responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data yang diperoleh memenuhi standar pengujian korelasi: nilai masing2 validitas > 0,2573 (df 38), reliabilitas dengan nilai >0,425, dan uji normalitas berdasarkan nilai Sig.0,816>0,05. Uji korelasi sederhana (X dan Y) menghasilkan perhitungan sebesar 0.280>r tabel 0,2638, sedangkan uji korelasi ganda dari model orientasi keberagamaan (X1,X2 dan Y) adalah sebesar 0,403>r tabel 0,263, dan korelasi dari beberapa dimensi model orientasi keberagamaan intrinsik (X1.a, X1.b, dan Y) adalah sebesar 0,547> r tabel 0,263. Dan untuk korelasi dari dimensi model orientasi keberagamaan ekstrinsik (X2.a, X2.b, X2.c, X2.d, dan Y) adalah sebesar 0,314>r tabel 0,267. Berdasarkan analisis uji Sig.diketahui bahwa terdapat korelasi signifikan antara keberagamaan dan kompetensi kepemimpinan gpai dalam menanamkan nilai Islam rahmatan lil’alamin kepada warga SMAN se Kota Samarinda. Bahkan korelasi model orientasi keberagamaan intrinsik, yaitu dimensi keyakinan dan dimensi pengalaman menunjukkan angka paling kuat tingkat korelasinya dengan kompetensi kepemimpinan gpai, yaitu sebesar 0,547 yang berarti > dari kriteri r table (df 38 = 0,2638) dan berkontribusi sebesar 29.92% terhadap kompetensi kepemimpinan dan sisanya 70.08% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar variabel tersebut.
Performance Calculations for Combination Drive Reservoirs
Authors: Wooddy L.D. , Moscrip Robert 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 207, 1956, pages 128–135.

Abstract
The simultaneous solution of the volumetric balance and the unsteady-state equation has been used for several years to make performance calculations for combination drive reservoirs. This method makes possible the calculation of volumetric changes of fluids in the gas cap, oil zone, and aquifer which occur as a result of withdrawals and reservoir pressure changes. It does not provide a means for the determination of reservoir fluid distribution changes corresponding to these volumetric changes. A knowledge of the fluid saturation distribution in the reservoir at various stages of depletion is important for the determination of the efficiency of gas and water as oil-displacement media and, therefore, for the reliable prediction of ultimate oil recovery. To provide this knowledge, the displacement equations are solved simultaneously with the volumetric balance and unsteady-state equations. The described calculation procedure has been used satisfactorily to analyze the past performance and to predict the future behavior of combination drive reservoirs under both primary and pressure-maintenance operations.

Introduction
The three basic mechanisms by which oil is displaced from a reservoir are:dissolved gas drive - the displacement of oil by the expansion of liberated solution gas,water drive - the displacement of oil by water which enters the oil zone from the aquifer, andgas cap drive - the displacement of oil by gas which expands into the oil zone from the gas cap.
The action of gravitational forces may be effective in increasing the efficiency of the basic drive mechanisms. Gravitational forces favor the segregation both of gas and oil and of oil and water, thus tending to shorten the transition zone between oil and displacing fluids.
Most reservoirs produce under the influence of a combination of these drives and are designated "combination drive reservoirs." Fig. 1 is a cross section of a typical combination drive reservoir.
Annotated Tables of Strength and Elastic Properties of Rocks
Authors: Wuerker Rudolph G. 
Published: February 2020

INTRODUCTION
Testing for strength and elastic properties of rocks has made rapid progress since the end of World War II. The perfection of standard methods and the awakening interest of all branches of the mineral industry resulted in the collection of a great amount of new physical data on the most common rocks. Interpretation and correlation with technological properties, such as grindability, drillability, and blastability, however, have not kept pace. One of the reasons for this may be the fact that test results on strength and elastic properties are widely scattered in the technical literature.
It is the purpose of this paper to tabulate the results from such standardized tests and to discuss the importance of each property and its usefulness to the mineral engineer as reflected in the existing literature. Twenty-one properties are listed in the following tables, which have been determined from rocks commonly encountered in mining, milling, and petroleum exploration (well drilling and rupture of rock formation as related to completing and stimulating production of wells). However, although not all 21 properties have been measured as yet from any one rock, an attempt is made in the tables to make the various results match as well as possible. Probably all properties have been determined for concrete, another brittle but man-made material. They are listed, as available from various sources, for comparison's sake, at the end of Table 5. Other data has been filled in by the author as it was deemed necessary for the discussion. Of course, there are many blanks left, too, but the tables are to be considered as only a first attempt to organize and evaluate the great amount of data that has recently become available. It is hoped that they will stimulate correlation testing and guide individual research to fill in the many existing gaps.
Potential impact of application to the Z0011 trial on the omission of axillary lymph node dissection in women undergoing sentinel node biopsy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shinzato Julia Yoriko , Serra Katia Piton , Eugeni Caroline , Cabello Cesar , Filho Cassio Cardoso , Zeferino Luiz Carlos 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background To evaluate the number of patients with early-stage breast cancer, undergoing axillary lymph node dissection for metastatic sentinel lymph nodes, who could benefit from the omission of axillary surgery following the application of ACOSOG Z0011 trial criteria. Methods A retrospective cohort study conducted in the Women’s Hospital of the State University of Campinas. The study population included 384 women diagnosed with early-stage invasive breast cancer, clinically negative axilla, treated with breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy, from January 2005 to December 2010. ACOSOG Z0011 trial criteria were applied to this population and statistical analysis was carried out to make a comparison between populations. Results A total of 384 patients underwent breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Of the total number of patients, 86 women underwent axillary lymph node dissection for metastatic sentinel lymph nodes. One patient underwent axillary node dissection due to a suspicious SLN intra-operatively. Among these patients, 82/87 (94.3%) had one to two involved sentinel lymph nodes and met criteria for the ACOSOG Z0011 trial with the omission of axillary lymph node dissection. Among the 82 eligible women, there were only 13 cases (15.9%) of lymphovascular invasion and 62 cases (75.6%) of tumors measuring up to 2cm in diameter (T1). Conclusions When eligibility for ACOSOG Z0011 trial criteria was retrospectively exported to our study population, 94.3% of the patients with one to two positive sentinel lymph nodes would benefit from the omission of axillary lymph node dissection. The high rate in our study may be explained by the large number of patients with tumors up to 2.0 cm in size and the small rate of lymphovascular invasion, which are indicative of a favorable prognosis.
Impact of preoperative fecal short chain fatty acids on postoperative infectious complications in esophageal cancer patients
Authors: Motoori Masaaki , Tanaka Koji , Sugimura Keijiro , Miyata Hiroshi , Saito Takuro , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Fujitani Kazumasa , Kado Yukiko , Asahara Takashi , Yano Masahiko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The intestinal epithelial barrier allows absorption of dietary nutrients and prevents passage of pathogens and toxins into the body. Severe insults have a negative impact on the intestinal environment, which may decrease intestinal barrier function and cause bacterial translocation. Bacterial translocation, which can cause infectious complications, is defined as the passage of microbes from the gastrointestinal tract across the mucosal barrier to extraintestinal sites. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between concentrations of preoperative fecal organic acids and the occurrence of postoperative infectious complications in patients with esophageal cancer.

Methods: Fifty-five patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy were enrolled in this study. Perioperative synbiotics were administered to all patients. Perioperative clinical characteristics and concentrations of preoperative fecal organic acids were compared between patients with and without postoperative infectious complications.

Results: Postoperative infectious complications occurred in 10 patients. In patients with complications, the concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid were significantly lower than in patients without complications (p=0.044 and 0.032, respectively). The concentration of butyric acid was nonsignificantly lower in patients with complications, while the concentration of lactic acid was nonsignificantly higher. The calculated gap between the concentrations of fecal acetic acid plus propionic acid plus butyric acid minus lactic acid was significantly lower in patients with complications. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low gap between acetic acid plus propionic acid plus butyric acid minus lactic acid was an independent risk factor for postoperative infectious complications (p=0.027).

Conclusions : Preoperative fecal concentrations of organic acids had a clinically important impact on the occurrence of postoperative infectious complications in patients with esophageal cancer. To reduce postoperative infectious complications, it may be useful to modulate the intestinal environment and maintain concentrations of fecal organic acids before surgery.
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and the risk of frailty among Chinese community-based oldest-old: evidence from the CLHLS study
Authors: Xiao Qi , Wu Meiliyang , Cui Jinrui , Yuan Mengmei , Chen Ye , Zeng Tieying 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the risk of frailty. However, there are limited methods for evaluations of the potential association of vitamin D with frailty in a longevous (80+) population. The aim of this study was to examine the association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and the risk of frailty among the Chinese community based oldest-old.
Methods: Secondary analysis of data compiled in the 2011 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (n=1324) was performed. Frailty was assessed by the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) index. Multivariate logistic regression and spline smoothing with threshold effect analysis were performed to investigate the association between 25(OH)D level and the risk of frailty after adjusting for socio-demographic variables, health characteristics and confounding biomarkers.
Results: The mean age was 92.89 ± 7.92 years, and 844 (63.7%) participants were women. In all, data from 426 (33.2%, 95% confidence interval, CI: 29.66-34.69) frail participants were recorded. After adjustment for confounding covariates, the level of 25(OH)D was significantly related to frailty. By spline smoothing with threshold effect analysis, a monotonically negative association between 25(OH)D and frailty was identified. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association did not differ by sex or age.
Conclusions: The 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with the risk of frailty among the Chinese community-based oldest-old.
Longitudinal assessment of the health-related quality of life among older people with diabetes: results of a nationwide study in New Zealand
Authors: Shamshirgaran Seyed Morteza , Stephens Christine , Alpass Fiona , Aminisani Nayyereh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The current work examined experiences of Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) among older adults with a diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) over time compared to those without a diagnoses DM. Methods: The sample was drawn from six biennial waves of the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement survey, a prospective population-based cohort study of older adults 55-70 years at baseline. Data on sociodemographic factors, health behaviours, chronic disease diagnoses and physical and mental HRQOL (SF-12v2) were obtained using six biennial surveys administered 2006-2016. Generalised Estimating Equation models, adjusted for time-constant and -varying factors, were employed to compare HRQOL and its determinants over time for older adults with and without a diagnosis of DM. Results: DM was negatively associated with physical HRQOL [β (95% CI) −7.43 (−8.41, −6.44)] with older adults affected by DM reporting scores 7.4 points lower than those without DM. Similarly, the mean Mental HRQOL score was lower among those affected by DM [β = −4.97 (−5.93, −4.01)] however, scores increased over time for both groups ( p <0.001). Greater age, more chronic conditions, sight and sleep problems, obesity, lower annual income, and fewer years of education were predictors of poorer HRQOL among older adults. Conclusions: Older adults affected by diabetes experienced poorer physical and mental HRQOL compared to those not affected when controlling for a range of sociodemographic and health related indices. A management aim must be to minimise the gap between two groups, particularly as people age.
Dissociated responses at initial computed tomography evaluation is a good prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with anti-program cell death-1/ligand 1 inhibitors
Authors: Tozuka Takehiro , Kitazono Satoru , Sakamoto Hiroaki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Amino Yoshiaki , Uematsu Shinya , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Hasegawa Tsukasa , Uchibori Ken , Yanagitani Noriko , Horiike Atsushi , Horai Takeshi , Seike Masahiro , Gemma Akihiko , Nishio Makoto 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Dissociated responses (DR) are phenomena in which some tumors shrink, whereas others progress during treatment of patients with cancer. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the frequency and prognosis of DR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with anti-program cell death-1/ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/L1) inhibitors.

Methods: This retrospective study included NSCLC patients who received anti-PD-1/L1 inhibitor as second- or later-line treatment. We excluded patients without radiological evaluation.

In patients who showed progressive disease (PD) according to the RECIST 1.1 at the initial CT evaluation, we evaluated all measurable lesions in each organ to identify DR independently of RECIST 1.1. We defined DR as a disease with some shrinking lesions as well as growing or emerging new lesions. Cases not classified as DR were defined as ‘true PD’. Overall survival was compared between patients with DR and those with true PD using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: The present study included 62 NSCLC patients aged 27–82 years (median: 65 years). DR and true PD were observed in 11 and 51 patients, respectively. The frequency of DR in NSCLC patients who showed PD to anti-PD-1/L1 was 17.7%. Median overall survival was significantly longer in patients with DR versus true PD (14.0 vs. 6.6 months, respectively; hazard ratio for death: 0.40; 95% confidence interval: 0.17–0.94).

Conclusions: Patients with DR exhibited a relatively favorable prognosis.
Australian Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are susceptible to infection with a highly divergent and sylvatic strain of dengue virus type 2 but are unlikely to transmit it
Authors: Pickering Paul , Hugo Leon , Devine Gregor J , Aaskov John G , Liu wenjun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Humans are the primary hosts of dengue viruses (DENV). However, sylvatic cycles of transmission can occur among non-human primates and human encroachment into forested regions can be a source of emergence of new strains such as the highly divergent and sylvatic strain of DENV2, QML22, recovered from a dengue fever patient returning to Australia from Borneo. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the vector competence of Australian Aedes aegypti (A. aegypti) mosquitoes for this virus.

Methods: Four day old mosquitoes from two strains of A. aegypti from Queensland, Australia, were feed a meal of sheep blood containing 10 8 50% cell culture infectious dose per ml (CCID 50 /ml) of either QML22 or an epidemic strain of DENV serotype 2 (QML16) isolated from a dengue fever patient in Australia in 2015. Mosquitoes were maintained at 28°C, 75% relative humidity and sampled at 7, 10 and 14 days post-infection (DPI). Live virions in mosquito bodies (abdomen/thorax), legs and wings and saliva expectorates from individual mosquitoes were quantified using a Cell Culture Enzyme-linked Immunosorbant Assay (CCELISA) to determine infection, dissemination and transmission rates.

Findings: The infection and dissemination rates of the sylvatic DENV2 strain, QML22, were significantly lower than that for QML16. While the titres of virus in the bodies of mosquitoes infected with either of these viruses were similar, titres in legs and wings were significantly lower in mosquitoes infected with QML22 at most time points although they reached similar levels by 14 DPI. QML16 was detected in 16% (n = 25) and 28% (n = 25) of saliva expectorates at 10 and 14 DPI, respectively. In contrast, no virus was detected in the saliva expectorates of QML22 infected mosquitoes.

Conclusions: Australia urban/peri-urban A. aegypti species are susceptible to infection by the sylvatic and highly divergent DENV2 virus QML22. Our results indicate that replication of QML22 is attenuated relative to the contemporary strain QML16. Alternatively a salivary gland infection or escape barrier acts to prevent infection of saliva, potentially preventing onward transmission of this highly divergent virus in Australia.
Breast milk Vitamin B12 Concentration and Incidence of Diarrhea and Respiratory Infections among Infants in Urban Tanzania: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lweno Omar Ndano , Sudfeld Christopher R , Hertzmark Ellen , Manji Karim P , Darling Anne Marie , Fawzi Wafaie W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective: A recent trial of vitamin B12 supplementation among Indian children 6-30 months found no effect on the incidence of diarrhea and respiratory infections. These results differ with studies in adults that showed improvement of the immune response following treatment with vitamin B12. We sought to determine how the adequacy of vitamin B12 concentrations in breast milk could act as immune modulator and protect against the incidence of diarrhea and respiratory infections of children up to 18 months in urban Tanzania. Results: A prospective cohort study was undertaken to determine the association of breast milk vitamin B12 concentration with the incidence of acute respiratory infection and diarrhea among infants in urban Tanzania. A random sample of 491 women enrolled in a trial of multivitamins provided milk for B12 analysis at or around 6 weeks postpartum. Of 491 women, 345 had breast milk vitamin B12 inadequacy (<310 pmol/L). Using generalized estimating equations, we found no overall association of milk vitamin B12 concentration with incident diarrhea and acute respiratory infections in infants. Studies measuring longitudinal changes of breast milk B12 concentration over time are needed to clarify the role of breast milk vitamin B12 in childhood infections.