bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Mutidrug Resistant Escherichia Coli in Raw Meat and Cloaca Swabs in Poultry Processed in Slaughter Slabs in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mgaya Fauster X , Matee Mecky I , Muhairwa Amandus P , Hoza Abubakar S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Increased prevalence of multiple drug resistant Escherichia coli in chicken meat indicates excessive use of antimicrobials in poultry production systems. We determined the occurrence of multiple drug resistant E. coli in raw meat and cloaca swabs in poultry processed in slaughter slabs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2020, in five large slaughter poultry slabs in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Purposive sampling was used to select broilers and spent layers, from which meat and cloaca swabs were collected. MacConkey agar was used to isolate E. coli and identification was done using API 20E. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique was used in antimicrobial susceptibility testing and results were interpreted as per CLSI (2018) guidelines. EBSL (CTX- M) and plasmid mediated quinolone genes (qnr A, qnr B, qnr S and aac(6')-Ib-cr) were detected using PCR. Results Out of the 384 samples, 212 (55.2%) were positive for E. coli, of which 147(69.3%) were resistant to multiple drugs (MDR). Isolates were very highly resistant to tetracycline (91.9%), followed by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (80.5%), ampicillin (70.9%), and moderately resistant to ciprofloxacin (40.2%) and 25% cefotaxime (CTX), but had low resistance to 10.8% gentamycin (CN) and 8.6% imipenem (IMP) (95% CI, P< 0.01). Ten (10/212) (4.7%) isolates were confirmed as extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli, and were all MDR. The MDR E coli strains were highly resistant to cefotaxime (100%), ampicillin (90%) and moderately resistant to tetracycline (40%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (40%) and ciprofloxacin, lowly resistant to imipenem (10%) but fully susceptible to gentamycin. Quinolones resistant genes were seen in 8 out of the 10 ESBL producers.Conclusion The high levels of resistance to the commonly used antibiotics in poultry production means these agents are ineffective, add unnecessary cost to farmers and facilitate emergence and spread of resistance. The uncontrolled disposal of waste, seen in all the poultry slabs, has the potential to contaminate the environment with MDR bacteria, with eventual spread to humans and animals and demands intensified surveillance. Advocacy for prudent use of antimicrobials cannot be underscored in poultry production systems, in Tanzania.
An Comprehensive Index (CIB) with Combination of Consistency in both Case Control and Cohort Study to Determine the Efficacy of a Biomarker
Authors: Hui Liu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to describe biomarkers using the comprehensive index of biomarker (CIB) based on consistency rate in both case control (Youden index, Yen) and cohort study (Crc) to determine the efficacy of a biomarker. Methods: The CIB is the geometric mean of Yen and Crc. The simulated data were generated to observe CIB features of sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for biomarkersResults: CIB was found to be related to the CRC values ROC analysis. The higher Spe could indicate better diagnostic power and the higher Sen could indicate better joint action for biomarkers with the same Yen. Although Yen is the common index used to evaluate the effectiveness of a biomarker, unfortunately, the Yen value was significantly larger than CIB value under the moderate Spe, showing overestimation.Conclusion: The CIB with combination of consistency in both case control and cohort study could be more reasonable. The CIB could provide a better understanding of the power of a biomarker and would be better at evaluating biomarkers from new systems or concepts.
Spatiotemporal Regulation of Circular RNA Expression During Ningxiang Pig Skeletal Muscle, Subcutaneous Fat, and Liver Development
Authors: Li Biao , Gong Yan , Zhang Yuebo , Kim Kyung Seok , Xiao Yu , Zeng Qinghua , Xu Kang , Duan Yehui , He Jianhua , Ma Haiming , He Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In recent years, thousands of different circular RNA (circRNAs) have been discovered by comparative analysis of different pig breeds. However, very few studies have been conducted on the spatiotemporal expression pattern of circRNA during organ development which is crucial for functional and evolutionary analysis.Results: Here, we systematically analyzed circRNAs associated with fatty acid metabolism in the three main organs (muscle, fat and liver) for four growth time points (30d, 90d, 150d and 210d after birth) of Ningxiang pigs, a famous native pig breeds in China, known for its excellent meat quality. We identified 61,683 circRNAs and analyzed their molecular characteristics, potential functions, and interaction with miRNA. The circRNAs showed striking spatiotemporal specificity in the form of dynamic expression. At 90d, the number and complexity of differentially expressed circRNAs in the liver is the most obvious. We used STEM (Short Time Series Expression Miner) to perform time series analysis on differentially expressed circRNAs, and found that there are multiple model spectra that are significantly enriched with time changes in all the three organs. All the significantly changed circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs obtained from STEM analysis of each tissue were used to confirm that the circRNA and mRNA have a targeting relationship with miRNA. It is worth noting that we screened out 2384 (fat), 2672 (muscle) and 9187 (liver) circRNAs-miRNA-mRNA network pairs related to developmental time changes. Finally, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH）to show the dynamic subcellular localization of circRNA during development.Conclusion: To a certain extent, these data indicate that circRNA is highly abundant in muscle, fat and liver, and is dynamically expressed in a spatiotemporal manner. These results suggest that circRNAs play an important role in fat metabolism of Ningxiang pigs. Our findings also provide new ideas and perspectives for the study of Ningxiang pigs' lipid metabolism regulation pathway and meat quality traits.
Accuracy of Imputation of Microsatellite Markers from an SNP50K Chip in Spanish Assaf Sheep
Authors: Marina Hector , Suarez-Vega Aroa , Pelayo Rocio , Gutierrez-Gil Beatriz , Reverter Antonio , Esteban-Blanco Cristina , Arranz Juan-Jose 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Traditional and new genotyping technologies must be combined by applying bridge methodologies that avoid double genotyping costs. This study aims to identify and evaluate a reliable approach to precisely impute microsatellite markers from SNP-chip panels to perform parental verifications in sheep. Moreover, we will assess the optimum number of SNPs necessary to accurately impute microsatellite markers to develop a low-density SNP chip for parentage verification in the Assaf sheep breed.Results: A total of 4,423 animals belonging to the Spanish Assaf sheep breed were genotyped for 19 microsatellites and an ovine custom 49,897 SNP array. The accuracy of microsatellite marker imputation, performed with BEAGLE v5.1 software, was assessed with three metrics, namely, genotype concordance (C), genotype dosage (length r2), and allelic dosage (allelic r2), for all imputation scenarios tested (0.5-10 Mb microsatellite flanking SNP windows). The accuracy of our imputation results for the three metrics analyzed for all haplotype lengths tested was higher than 0.90 (C), 0.80 (length r2), and 0.75 (allelic r2). Considering that the objective of the study was to assess a SNP window length that provides the best accuracy for the microsatellite imputation procedure to design an affordable low-density SNP chip for parentage testing, we considered 2 Mb to be the best SNP haplotype length for further analyses (SNPs/window =74.05, C= 0.970; length r2= 0.952, allelic r2=0.899). We additionally evaluated imputation performance under two null models, naive and random, which showed weak genotype concordance averages in comparison with imputed microsatellites (0.41 and 0.15, respectively).Conclusions: We presented for the first time a precise methodology in dairy sheep to impute multiallelic microsatellite genotypes from biallelic SNP markers. The use of a 2 Mb SNP flanking window for each microsatellite has been shown to achieve high accuracy in the imputation procedure while providing a low-density SNP chip that could be cost-effective. The results from this study will undoubtedly have a significant impact on sheep breeders overcoming the problem of parentage verification when different genotyping platforms have been used across generations.
Impact of an acute Care Surgery Model on the Management of acute Appendicitis in South Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yi Gun-Hee , Lee Hak-Jae , Lee Seul , Yoon Jong-Hee , Hong Suk-Kyung 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe acute care surgery (ACS) system is a new model for the prompt management of diseases that require rapid treatment in patients with acute abdomen. This study compared the outcomes and characteristics of the ACS system and traditional on-call system (TROS) for acute appendicitis in South Korea. MethodsThis single-center, retrospective study included all patients (aged ≥18 years) who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis in 2016 and 2018. The TROS and ACS system were used for the 2016 and 2018 groups, respectively. We retrospectively obtained data on each patient from the electrical medical records. The independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for continuous and non-normally distributed data, respectively.ResultsIn total, 126 patients were included. The time taken to get from the emergency room admission to the operating room, operation times, and postoperative complication rates were similar between both groups. However, the length of the hospital stay was shorter in the ACS group than in the TROS group (4.3±3.2 days vs. 7.2±9.6 days, p=0.039).ConclusionsSince the introduction of the ACS system, the length of hospital stay for surgical patients has decreased. This may be due to the application of an integrated medical procedure, such as a new clinical pathway, rather than differences in the surgical techniques.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
Social Support and Subjective Assessment of Psychophysical Condition, Health, and Satisfaction with Quality of Life among Women after Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Iwanowicz-Palus Grażyna , Mróz Mariola Małgorzata , Bień Agnieszka 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The task of modern medicine is not just to heal, but also to improve the patient’s well-being and achieve non-medical goals in the therapy process that enable effective physical, mental and social functioning of the patient. Social support in difficult situations mobilizes an individual's strength and resources to cope with problems. Research on social support and women’s condition after pregnancy loss reflects a holistic approach to the patient and is important from the perspective of increasing the level of hospital care. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of social support on the psychophysical condition, health, and satisfaction with quality of life among women after miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy.Methods: The study was carried out among 500 patients after misscariage and 110 with ectopic pregnancy, hospitalized in hospitals in Lublin (Poland). The study was conducted with the use of a diagnostic survey with the application of the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS) and original survey questionnaire.Results: Respondents after miscarriage and those after termination of ectopic pregnancy assigned highest scores to the degree of perceived available instrumental support (respectively, miscarriage: M = 3.79, EP: M = 3.77), emotional support (M = 3.68, M = 3.65), and actually received support (M = 3.61, M = 3.57) (p < 0.05). Women after pregnancy loss assigned the highest score to the support obtained from their partner (respectively, miscarriage: M = 9.26, EP: M = 9.23), family (M = 9.09, M = 9.18), midwife (M = 8.70, M = 8.58), and friends (M = 8.49, M = 8.61) (p < 0.05). Social support was significantly correlated with the condition of patients hospitalized as a result of pregnancy loss (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Women hospitalized due to miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy assigned high scores to the level of perceived available instrumental, emotional, and actually received social support. There is a positive relationship between social support and subjective opinion about psychophysical condition, health and satisfaction with quality of life among women after pregnancy loss.
Complex II Subunit SDHD is Critical for Cell Growth and Metabolism, Which can be Partially Restored with A Synthetic Ubiquinone Analog
Authors: Bandara Aloka B , Brown David A , Drake Joshua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II) plays a dual role in respiration by catalyzing the oxidation of succinate to fumarate in the mitochondrial Krebs cycle and transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Mutations in Complex II are associated with a number of pathologies. SDHD, one of the four subunits of Complex II, serves by anchoring the complex to the inner-membrane and transferring electrons from the complex to ubiquinone. Thus, modeling SDHD dysfunction could be a valuable tool for understanding its importance in metabolism and developing novel therapeutics, however no suitable models exist. Results: Via CRISPR/Cas9, we mutated SDHD in HEK293 cells and investigated the in vitro role of SDHD in metabolism. Compared to the parent HEK293, the knockout mutant HEK293ΔSDHD produced significantly less number of cells in culture. The mutant cells predictably had suppressed Complex II-mediated mitochondrial respiration, but also Complex I-mediated respiration. SDHD mutation also adversely affected glycolytic capacity and ATP synthesis. Mutant cells were more apoptotic and susceptible to necrosis. Treatment with the mitochondrial therapeutic idebenone partially improved oxygen consumption and growth of mutant cells. Conclusions: Overall, our results suggest that SDHD is vital for growth and metabolism of mammalian cells, and that respiratory and growth defects can be partially restored with treatment of a ubiquinone analog. This is the first report to use CRISPR/Cas9 approach to construct a knockout SDHD cell line and evaluate the efficacy of an established mitochondrial therapeutic candidate to improve bioenergetic capacity.
Methodology for Comprehensive Cell-Level Analysis of Wound Healing Experiments Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Oldenburg Jan , Maletzki Lisa , Strohbach Anne , Bellé Paul H. , Siewert Stefan , Busch Raila , Felix Stephan B. , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Stiehm Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEndothelial healing after deployment of cardiovascular devices is particularly important in the context of clinical outcome. It is therefore of great interest to develop tools for a precise prediction of endothelial growth after injury in the process of implant deployment. For experimental investigation of re-endothelialization in vitro cell migration assays are routinely used. However, automatic analyses of live cell images are often based on gray value distributions and are as such limited by image quality and user dependence. The rise of deep learning algorithms offers promising opportunities for application in medical image analysis. Here, we present an intelligent cell detection (iCD) approach for comprehensive assay analysis to obtain essential characteristics on cell and population scale.ResultsIn an in vitro wound healing assay, we compared conventional analysis methods with our iCD approach. Therefore we determined cell density and cell velocity on cell scale and the movement of the cell layer as well as the gap closure between two cell monolayers on population scale. Our data demonstrate that cell density analysis based on deep learning algorithms is superior to an adaptive threshold method regarding robustness against image distortion. In addition, results on cell scale obtained with iCD are in agreement with manually velocity detection, while conventional methods, such as Cell Image Velocimetry (CIV), underestimate cell velocity by a factor of 0.5. Further, we found that iCD analysis of the monolayer movement gave results just as well as manual freehand detection, while conventional methods again shows more frayed leading edge detection compared to manual detection. Analysis of monolayer edge protrusion by ICD also produced results, which are close to manual estimation with an relative error of 13.2 %. In comparison, the conventional Canny method gave a relative error of 61 %. ConclusionThe results of our experiments indicate that deep learning algorithms such as our iCD have the ability to outperform conventional methods in the field of wound healing analysis. The combined analysis on cell and population scale using iCD is very well suited for timesaving and high quality wound healing analysis enabling the research community to gain detailed understanding of endothelial movement.
The Effect of Indoor Daylight Levels on Patients Admitted to General Surgery
Authors: Li Xiawei , Lou Jianyao , Shi Aiguang , Wang Ning , Zhou Lin , Yuan Zheping , Zhao Mingchen , Ye Fanghe , Pan Zikun , WU YULIAN 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIndoor daylight levels can directly affect people’s physical and psychological state. However, the effect of indoor daylight levels on patient’s clinical recovery process remains controversial.AimTo evaluate the effect of indoor daylight levels on hospital costs and average length of stay (LOS) of a large patient population in general surgery wards.MethodsData were collected retrospectively and analysed of patients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine between January 2015 and August 2020. We measured light levels in the patient rooms of general surgery and assessed their association with patients’ total hospital costs and LOS.ResultsA total of 2,998 patients were included in this study with 1,478 each assigned to two light level groups after matching. Overall comparison of hospital total costs and LOS among patients according to light levels did not show a significant difference. Subgroup analysis showed when exposed to higher intensity of indoor daylight, illiterate patients had lower total hospital costs and shorter LOS as compared to those exposed to lower intensity.ConclusionsIndoor daylight levels were not associated with the hospital costs and LOS of patients in the wards of general surgery, except for those who were illiterate. It might be essential to design guidelines for healthcare facilities to enhance indoor environmental benefits of daylight for some specific population.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula Treatment in Patients with COVID-19 Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Alshahrani Mohammed S , Alshaqaq Hassan M. , Alhumaid Jehan , Binammar Ammar A. , AlSalem Khalid H , Alghamdi Abdulazez , Abdulhady Ahmed , Yehia Moamen , AlSulaibikh Amal , Jumaan Mohammed Al , Albuli Waleed H. , Ibrahim Talal , Yousef Abdullah A. , Almubarak Yousef , Alhazzani Waleed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe increasing burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) is straining intensive care unit (ICU) resources globally. Early use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) decreases the need for endotracheal intubation (EI) in different causes of respiratory failure. While HFNC is used in COVID-19-related AHRF, its efficacy remains to be investigated. We aimed to examine whether the use of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO) prevents the need for intubation in COVID-19 with (AHRF).MethodsThis is a single-center prospective observational study that was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia the period from April, 2020 to August, 2020. Adults patients admitted to the ICU with AHRF secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia and managed with HFNC were included. We excluded hemodynamically unstable patients and those who were intubated or managed with non-invasive ventilation. Patients’ data and clinical outcomes were pre-defined. The primary outcome was to determine the rate of EI among patients who were treated with HFNC. Secondary outcomes included predictors of HFNC success/failure, mortality, and hospital length of stay. ResultsWe consecutively screened 111 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with AHRF,. Out of those, 44 (40%) patients received HFNC with a median duration of three days (IQR, 1–5). The median age was 57 years (interquartile range [IQR], 46–64), and 82% were men. HFNC failure and EI occurred in 29 (66%) patients. Patients who failed HFNC treatment had higher risk of death compared to those who did not (52% vs. 0%; p=0.001). At baseline, the prevalence of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and asthma was higher in the HFNC failure group. After adjustment for possible confounders, a high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and a low ROX index were significantly associated with HFNC failure (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.93; p=0.025; and HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42–0.88; p=0.008, respectively). ConclusionsIn this prospective study, one-third of hypoxemic COVID-19 patients who received HFNC did not require intubation. High SOFA score and low ROX index were associated with HFNC failure.
Weekly Trastuzumab Therapy Cannot Prevent Severe Trastuzumab-induced Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhu Xiaoli , Zou Jieya , Zhang Xia , Wu Xuemei , Nie Jianyun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Trastuzumab can significantly prolong the survival of patients with positive human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 breast cancer. Until now, trastuzumab has been used by millions of people, and trastuzumab-induced thrombocytopenia is rare. There is no report of acute grade 4 thrombocytopenia after weekly trastuzumab therapy. We report a breast cancer patient with severe thrombocytopenia due to trastuzumab (8mg/Kg) who experienced a recurrence of severe thrombocytopenia after attempting weekly trastuzumab therapy (4mg/Kg). Case presentation：A 52-year-old woman with positive human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 breast cancer developed acicular rash with dense skin all over the body and gingival bleeding within 24 hours of trastuzumab infusion (8mg/Kg) and was confirmed to have severe thrombocytopenia, which was quickly recovered after high-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy. When the platelet count recovered, we tried weekly trastuzumab therapy (4mg/kg), Unfortunately, thrombocytopenia recurred within 24 hours. No third trastuzumab treatment was attempted. Conclusion: We are the first report to try weekly trastuzumab therapy after thrombocytopenia induced by first trastuzumab. The patient showed that reducing the dose of trastuzumab was ineffective in preventing trastuzumab-induced thrombocytopenia.