bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor parenting behaviours and dental caries experience in 6‐ To 7‐year‐old children
Authors: Matsuyama Yusuke , Isumi Aya , Doi Satomi , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe association between poor parenting and dental caries in children remains unclear. We investigated the association of poor parenting with dental caries and oral health behaviour among children aged 6‐7 years in Japan.MethodsTwo waves of repeated cross‐sectional surveys on children and their caregivers in Adachi City, Tokyo, were analysed. Questionnaires on parenting behaviour and the child's oral health behaviour were distributed through schools and completed by 8499 caregivers (response rate = 80.8%). The number of decayed or filled primary teeth (dft) at school dental health check‐ups was linked to the survey data (N for complete case analysis = 6309). Factor analysis was performed to identify types of poor parenting: poor involvement, child abuse and lack of supervision of a child's health behaviours. The association between factor scores (z‐score), the number of dft and oral health behaviour (not brushing teeth twice a day, not controlling snack eating habits and drinking juice every day) was evaluated by Poisson's regressions adjusted for covariates, including caregiver's socioeconomic status.ResultsPoor involvement and lack of supervision of a child's health behaviours were positively associated with dft (mean ratio, MR [95% confidence interval, CI] =1.05 [1.03, 1.07] and 1.18 [1.16, 1.21], respectively) and unhealthy oral health behaviours. Child abuse was not associated with dft (MR = 0.99 [0.96, 1.01]) but was associated with all three unhealthy oral health behaviours (prevalence ratio, PR [95% CI] were 1.11 [1.06, 1.16], 1.11 [1.06, 1.16] and 1.06 [1.00, 1.11] for not brushing teeth, not controlling snack eating and drinking juice, respectively).ConclusionsPoor involvement and lack of supervision of a child's health behaviours were associated with dental caries, and any type of poor parenting was associated with poor oral health behaviour among children.
Clinical outcomes of a conservative approach in cervical lymph node metastases of thyroid cancer
Authors: Maciel Joana , Donato Sara , Simões Helder , Leite Valeriano 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContextLymph node metastases (LNM) can be present in 35% of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), and the management of persistent/recurrent nodal disease has been controversial. Watchful waiting may be a reasonable approach in selected patients, but uncertainty about clinical outcomes remains a concern.ObjectiveTo investigate the outcomes of patients with DTC with recurrent/persistent confirmed LNM under surveillance.MethodsPatients with LNM from DTC were selected from databases of needle washout thyroglobulin measurements and fine‐needle aspiration biopsies performed in our institution. Patients with confirmed metastases, in whom active surveillance was initially proposed, were selected. Main clinical outcomes were analysed.ResultsWe found 89 patients with LNM under surveillance. Classic papillary was the most frequent variant (44%). During a median follow‐up of 3 (0.5‐17.2) years, different treatments were needed in 35 (39.3%) patients: radioactive iodine (RAI) in 23 (25.8%), surgery in 9 (10.1%) and radiotherapy (RT) in 3 (3.4%). From those submitted initially to RAI, progression of disease was observed in 8 patients, 4 requiring other treatment modalities: surgery (n = 2), RT (n = 1) and RAI (n = 1). The remaining 54 (60.7%) patients maintained surveillance. In this group, progression of disease was observed in 26 (48.1%), due to increase in the number and/or volume of metastases, but further treatments were not required.ConclusionIn a group of patients with cervical LNM under active surveillance, only 16.9% (n = 15) required invasive intervention (surgery or RT).
Updating the model of eye care for Aboriginal populations in remote Central Australia
Authors: Mitchell William , Hassall Mark , Henderson Tim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEye disease is the third‐highest contributor towards health inequality for Aboriginal Australians. Understanding how the Central Australian ophthalmology service addresses complexities of remote eye care is crucial in understanding how expansion can meet current and future needs. The present study analyses findings from the MEDLINE database and Governmental reports, and descriptive information from stakeholders in Central Australia and the Australian Department of Health. We describe the current Central Australian ophthalmology model at three levels; (a) the healthcare service level (specialized primary care, local/outreach optometry and ophthalmology services, and intensive extended surgical weeks), (b) the community level (local community staff, clinics and initiatives, and eye “champions” and mutual support), and (c) the healthcare system level (federal and state government, and private funding). We conclude that building full‐time specialist availability, and system‐wide approaches to increase patient utilisation, will facilitate overcoming barriers of remoteness, and create enduring improvements in Central Australian eye care and health‐inequality.
Socket shield technique vs conventional immediate implant placement with immediate temporization. Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abd‐Elrahman Ahmed , Shaheen Mostafa , Askar Niveen , Atef Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlveolar bone resorption and labial bone plate reduction follow teeth extraction due to the deficiency of blood supply, derived from the loss of periodontal ligaments, and hence the socket shield technique was introduced to preserve the periodontal ligaments related perfusion.PurposeThe study aimed to compare the vertical and horizontal changes of the buccal cortical bone plates, encountered after utilizing the socket shield technique with immediate temporization vs an immediate implant placement with immediate temporization, and analyzing the differences of the implant stability and pink esthetic score evaluation between both techniques.Materials and MethodsA total of 40 dental implants were placed in the maxillary esthetic zone, 20 implants were placed using the socket shield technique with immediate temporization; the study group and 20 implants were placed immediately with immediate temporization; the control group. All patients received immediate and 6 months postoperative CBCT to assess the dimensional changes in the labial bone plates. Implant stability quotients (ISQs) and pink esthetic scores were measured at the time of implant placement and 6 months postoperatively.ResultsThe horizontal bone loss; ranged from 0 to0.26 (0.15) mm and 0.03 to0.44 (0.32) mm for the study and control groups, respectively. The vertical bone loss; ranged from 0.11 to 0.55 (0.31) mm and 0.25 to 1.51 (0.7) mm for the study and control groups, respectively. The ISQ for the study group increased from 68.6 ± 3.81 to 76.7 ± 3.49, while in the control group it increased from 66.4 ± 5.64 to 75 ± 4.4. PES for the study group increased from 11 to 12, while in the control group it decreased from 13 to 9.ConclusionThe socket shield technique with immediate temporization is a reliable method to reduce the labial bone loss following teeth extraction. However, further studies are required to investigate the effect of grafting the jumping gaps, to evaluate the graft contribution in further reduction of the bone loss.
Current understanding of febrile seizures and their long‐term outcomes
Authors: Mewasingh Leena D , Chin Richard F M , Scott Rod C 
Published: August 2020

In this paper we reframe febrile seizures, which are viewed as a symptom of an underlying brain disorder. The general observation is that a small cohort of children will develop febrile seizures (2–5% in the West), while the greater majority will not. This suggests that the brain that generates a seizure, in an often‐mild febrile context, differs in some ways from the brain that does not. While the underlying brain disorder appears to have no significant adverse implication in the majority of children with febrile seizures, serious long‐term outcomes (cognitive and neuropsychiatric) have been recently reported, including sudden death. These adverse events likely reflect the underlying intrinsic brain pathology, as yet undefined, of which febrile seizures are purely a manifestation and not the primary cause. A complex interaction between brain–genetics–epigenetics–early environment is likely at play. In view of this emerging data, it is time to review whether febrile seizures are a single entity, with a new and multidimensional approach needed to help with predicting outcome.What this paper adds

A febrile seizure is due to a brain's aberrant response to high temperature.

Problems in a small group of children are now being identified later in life.

There is no clear correlation between duration or other characteristics of febrile seizures and subsequent mesial temporal sclerosis.
Diagnosing pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in the presence of atrial septal defect and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage—An imaging challenge
Authors: Sasikumar Deepa , Ayyappan Anoop , Valakkada Jineesh , Krishnamoorthy Kavasseri Mahadevan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSaline contrast echocardiography is a simple and effective method to diagnose the presence and type of right‐to‐left shunt in patients with unexplained cyanosis. It is considered a very sensitive test to diagnose pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Our patient presented with unexplained cyanosis and transthoracic echocardiography showed an atrial septal defect and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the right and left upper pulmonary veins to the superior venacava. We describe how we used saline contrast echocardiography to demonstrate the presence of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations even in the presence of atrial septal defect and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.
Predictors for adverse outcomes of patients with recanalized chronic total occlusion lesion
Authors: Tian Tao , Guan Changdong , Gao Lijian , Yuan Jianson , Cui Jingang , Hu Fenghuan , Tang Yida , Dou Kefei , Wu Yongjian , Yang Yuejin , Qiao Shubin , Xu Bo , Yang Weixian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is ill‐defined which factors affect the prognosis of patients with recanalized chronic total occlusion (CTO). This study sought to investigate predictors for adverse outcome in such a cohort with long‐time follow‐up.MethodsFrom 2010 to 2013, patients with successfully recanalized CTO were included. The primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction or target vessel revascularization (TVR). The secondary endpoints were TVR and target lesion revascularization (TLR).ResultsA total of 1987 patients were enrolled and 1806 (90.6%) subjects completed 5‐year follow‐up. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that age ≥ 75 years (HR,1.70; 95% CI, 1.09‐2.64; P = .02), left ventricular ejection fraction <40% (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.02‐3.69; P = .04) and residual SYNTAX score (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.04; P = .01) were predictors for the primary endpoint. Non‐LAD CTO (HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.23‐2.70; P < .01), J‐CTO score (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11‐1.54; P < .01) and residual SYNTAX score (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.04; P = .04) were independently related to TVR. Non‐LAD CTO, high J‐CTO score and residual SYNTAX score was also correlated with TLR.ConclusionsAdvanced age, left ventricular dysfunction and residual SYNTAX score were predictors for composite cardiovascular events in patients with CTO after revascularization. Those with non‐LAD CTO, high J‐CTO and residual SYNTAX score had higher risk for revascularization.
Upstream Dispersion in Solute Transport Models: A Simple Evaluation and Reduction Methodology
Authors: Irvine D.J. , Werner A.D. , Ye Y. , Jazayeri A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article outlines analytical solutions to quantify the length scale associated with “upstream dispersion,” the artificial movement of solutes in the opposite direction to groundwater flow, in solute transport models. Upstream dispersion is an unwanted artifact in common applications of the advection‐dispersion equation (ADE) in problems involving groundwater flow in the direction of increasing solute concentrations. Simple formulae for estimating the one‐dimensional distance of upstream dispersion are provided. These show that under idealized conditions (i.e., steady‐state flow and transport, and a homogeneous aquifer), upstream dispersion may be a function of only longitudinal dispersivity. The scale of upstream dispersion in a selection of previously presented situations is approximated to highlight the utility of the presented formulae and the relevance of this ADE anomaly in common transport problems. Additionally, the analytical solution is applied in a hypothetical scenario to guide the modification of dispersion parameters to minimize upstream dispersion.
Impact of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms on Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Patients With Migraine: Results From the American Registry for Migraine Research (ARMR)
Authors: Pearl Talia A. , Dumkrieger Gina , Chong Catherine D. , Dodick David W. , Schwedt Todd J. 
Published: August 2020

Background and ObjectivesThe association between migraine, depression, and anxiety has been established, but the impact of these psychiatric comorbidities on functional impairment in people with migraine has been under‐investigated. The purpose of this cross‐sectional observational study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety and depression symptoms on migraine‐related disability, pain interference, work interference, and career success in a cohort of patients with migraine.MethodsThis analysis included 567 migraine patients who had been enrolled into the American Registry for Migraine Research (ARMR) between February 2016 and June 2019. Patients completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) and Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2) to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively. Patients completed the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS), Pain Interference (PROMIS pain short) questionnaire, and Work Productivity and Activity Interference (WPAI) questionnaire to measure levels of functional impairment at work and in daily activities. In addition, patients answered questions designed for ARMR regarding education and career interference. Models were created to describe the relationship between severity of psychiatric symptoms (anxiety and depression), and each outcome of interest (WPAI, MIDAS, pain interference, reporting that migraine had interfered with career success). Each model was controlled for age, sex, headache frequency, years with migraine, and average headache intensity.ResultsAmong the 567 patients with migraine, mean (SD) age was 47.1 (13.7), 87.3% were female, and average headache frequency was 19.1 (9.3) days/month. PHQ‐2 scores were positively associated with scores on MIDAS (b = 0.06, SE = 0.01, P ≤ .001), pain interference (b = 1.4, SE = 0.2, P < .001), and WPAI including absenteeism (b = 0.16, SE = 0.04, P = .007), presenteeism (b = 2.7, SE = 1.1, P = .012), overall work productivity impairment (b = 3.7, SE = 1.2, P = .001), and activity impairment (b = 3.0, SE = 1.2, P = .009). PHQ‐2 scores were also associated with reporting that migraine interfered with career success (b = 0.34, SE = 0.08, P ≤ .001). GAD‐7 scores were not associated with MIDAS, pain interference, WPAI, or reduced career success.ConclusionsSeverity of depression symptoms in patients with migraine is associated with migraine‐related disability, work interference, pain interference, and reduced career success. Patients with more severe symptoms of depression are more likely to have greater functional impairment. A management approach that addresses depression in those with migraine may lead to improvements in patient functioning.
Comparison of two case difficulty assessment methods on cohorts of undergraduate dental students – a multi‐centre study
Authors: Shah P. K. , Duncan H. F. , Abdullah D. , Tomson P. L. , Murray G. , Friend T. M. , Thomas S. , Butcher S. , Chong B. S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the educational benefits and user friendliness of two anonymized endodontic case difficulty assessment (CDA) methods.MethodologyA cohort (n = 206) of fourth‐year undergraduate dental students were recruited from four different Dental Schools and divided randomly into two groups (Group A and B). The participants assessed six test endodontic cases using anonymized versions of the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) case difficulty assessment form (AAE Endodontic Case Difficulty Assessment Form and Guidelines, 2006) and EndoApp, a web‐based CDA tool. Group A (n = 107) used the AAE form for assessment of the first three cases, followed by EndoApp for the latter. Group B (n = 99) used EndoApp for the initial three cases and switched to the AAE form for the remainder. Data were collected online and analysed to assess participants’ knowledge reinforcement and agreement with the recommendation generated. Statistical analysis was performed using the two‐way mixed model anova, Cohen’s Kappa (κ) and independent t‐tests, with the levels of significance set at P < 0.05. Additionally, participants’ feedback and preference for CDA was also gathered.ResultsThere was a significant increase in knowledge reinforcement for the AAE form and EndoApp (P = 0.001) after assessment of the first three test cases. However, this increase was not significant (P = 0.842) between the CDA methods. Overall, the AAE form and EndoApp had slight (κ = 0.176, P < 0.001) and substantial (κ = 0.668, P < 0.001) levels of agreement, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Participants’ feedback on user friendliness favoured EndoApp for all parameters measured. EndoApp was preferred by 65% of the cohort, whereas only 11% chose the AAE form for CDA.ConclusionsBoth the AAE form and EndoApp were beneficial for dental education. EndoApp was reliable in helping with decisions to treat or refer, and combined with user friendliness, it was the preferred choice for CDA.
FORMAL SEARCH AND REFERRALS FROM A FIRM'S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Rebien Martina , Stops Michael , Zaharieva Anna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe explore the relationship between firms' characteristics and recruitment strategies. We present a theoretical search model with two search channels: a costly formal channel and a costless informal channel (referrals). We empirically test the model predictions and find that: larger firms search more formally; firms search more formally for high‐skilled workers; the positive relationship between firm's size and formal search intensity also holds for firms not using referrals; firms using referrals invest less into formal search compared to firms not using referrals; larger firms hire less often by referrals than smaller firms; and larger search effort leads to more applicants.
Mesenchymal stem cells‐derived and siRNAs‐encapsulated exosomes inhibit osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Zhang Chi , Su Yan , Ding Hao , Yin Jimin , Zhu Zhenhong , Song Wenqi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive, obstinate and disabling disease. At present, the treatment of ONFH is still a global medical problem. We aim to explore the role of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)‐derived and siRNAs‐encapsulated exosomes (siRNAs‐encapsulated BMSCexos) in ONFH. We first isolated BMSCexos and screened siRNAs of 6 ONFH‐related genes for siRNAs‐encapsulated BMSCexo. The expression of these 6 ONFH‐related genes in dexamethasone (DXM)‐treated MC3T3‐E1 cell, cell model of ONFH, was detected by RT‐qPCR and Western blot analysis. And then, we performed CCK‐8 assay, angiogenesis assay and HE staining analysis to test the promotion role of the siRNAs‐encapsulated BMSCexo for angiogenesis during ONFH repair. The results suggest that the obtained particles were BMSCexos. The screened effective siRNAs could effectively knock down their expression in VECs. Moreover, siRNAs‐encapsulated BMSCexo could effectively knock down the expression of these genes in VECs. In addition, siRNAs‐encapsulated BMSCexo promote angiogenesis during ONFH repair. In conclusion, we found siRNAs‐encapsulated BMSCexos could promote ONFH repair by angiogenesis, and indicated exosome as the new siRNA carrier is of great significance to improve the efficiency of RNAi.
Quantitative proteomics identified 3 oxidative phosphorylation genes with clinical prognostic significance in gastric cancer
Authors: Su Fei , Zhou Fen‐fang , Zhang Tao , Wang Dan‐wen , Zhao Da , Hou Xiao‐ming , Feng Mao‐hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in gastric cancer (GC) formation using data‐independent acquisition (DIA) quantitative proteomics analysis. We identified the differences in protein expression and related functions involved in biological metabolic processes in GC. Totally, 745 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found in GC tissues vs. gastric normal tissues. Despite enormous complexity in the details of the underlying regulatory network, we find that clusters of proteins from the DEPs were mainly involved in 38 pathways. All of the identified DEPs involved in oxidative phosphorylation were down‐regulated. Moreover, GC possesses significantly altered biological metabolic processes, such as NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly and tricarboxylic acid cycle, which is mostly consistent with that in KEGG analysis. Furthermore the higher expression of UQCRQ, NDUFB7 and UQCRC2 were positively correlated with a better prognosis, implicating these proteins may as novel candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
Development of a clinical risk score for incident diabetes: A 10‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Oh Tae Jung , Moon Jae Hoon , Choi Sung Hee , Cho Young Min , Park Kyong Soo , Cho Nam H , Jang Hak Chul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe developed a self‐assessable Korean Diabetes Risk score using the data of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.Materials and MethodsA total of 8,740 participants without diabetes at baseline were followed up biannually over a period of 10 years. We included variables that were significantly different between participants who developed diabetes mellitus and those who did not in the development cohort at baseline. We assigned a maximum score of 100 to the selected variable in each gender group. Next, the 10‐year probability of incident diabetes was calculated and validated in the validation cohort. Finally, we compared the predictive power of Korean Diabetes Risk score with models including fasting plasma glucose or glycated hemoglobin and other cohort models of Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up period of 9.7 years, 22.7% of the participants progressed to diabetes. The Korean Diabetes Risk score included age, living location (urban or rural area), waist circumference, hypertension, family history of diabetes and smoking history. The developed risk score yielded acceptable discrimination for incident diabetes (area under the curve 0.657) and the predictive power was improved when the model included fasting plasma glucose (area under the curve 0.690) or glycated hemoglobin (area under the curve 0.746). In addition, our model predicted incident diabetes more accurately than previous Western or Korean models.ConclusionsThis newly developed self‐assessable diabetes risk score is easily applicable to predict the future risk of diabetes even without the necessity for laboratory tests. This score is useful for the Korean diabetes prevention program, because high‐risk individuals can be easily screened.