bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing Paradigms: Islam and Muslims in Spain
Authors: Mijares Laura 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Based on a selection of four recent publications, this article addresses the question of Islam and Muslims in Spanish society within the framework of the peripheral position of Spanish Orientalism. These publications discuss Islam in Spain from perspectives that differ in objectives and methodology. The first book, by anthropologist Josep Lluís Mateo Dieste deals with the image of “the Moorish” over the course of Spanish history. The second, written by sociologist Salvatore Madonia is representative of a new line of research specifically interested in young Muslims in Spanish societies. The third publication, by anthropologist Jordi Moreras focuses on “radicalisation” as a new trend to study Muslim populations. The last volume, coordinated by arabist Luz Gómez-García, includes a significant number of articles, which analyze the relationship between the legitimacy and authority of Islam from a transnational perspective.
Orthodox Churches and the ‘Othering’ of Islam and Muslims in Today’s Balkans
Authors: Račius Egdūnas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article focuses on the relation between the socio-legal status of national Orthodox Churches and their role in the legal, institutional and social ‘othering’ of Islam and ethnic groups of Muslims in three Balkans countries, namely, Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Serbia. The research reveals that the state-pursued construction of national identity and politics of belonging are expressly permeated by ethno-confessional nationalism, which is at the core of the deep-running tensions between the dominant ethnic group and the marginalized Muslims. There is an alliance between the political and the Church elites to keep ethnic groups of Muslim background either altogether outside the ‘national Us’ or at least at its outer margins.
Integration, Enlightenment or Rights?
Authors: Flyvholm Anne-Mai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article examines how Danish Muslim organisations ascribe meaning to hate crimes against Muslims in Denmark. The study is a maximum variation case study of three Muslim organisations. Drawing on intersectional theory, organisations were included that vary on identity markers. While there are great similarities in how the organisations define hate crime, the article argues that they articulate the concept as part of very different socio-political contexts. This suggests that while the organisations in general agree on what hate crime is, the organisations’ intersectional identities affect which socio-political contexts they articulate as relevant in relation to hate crime.
Geodesic Distance as Metric of Cross-Group Networks in Migration History
Authors: Langrognet Fabrice 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article is based on a longitudinal study of migrants living in a tenement block of the Paris area during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It argues that the geodesic distance between spouses’ and witnesses’ exact birthplaces, which are easier to retrieve than ever before, is a valuable metric for a quantitative analysis of marriages and friendships, with a view to assessing the salience of ethnicity. In that particular case, the analysis results in a general exogamy increase over time, which only partially corresponds to a greater demographic diversity. It also suggests that if and when identifications based on origin were given relevance in people’s affinities, local solidarity was generally more operative than a broadly conceived ethnicity. However, differences emerge between various groups of inhabitants. When looking out of their micro-community, only the Spanish occupants seemed inclined to choose a spouse or a witness among their fellow nationals over someone from another origin entirely.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF-A165b are associated with time to remission of granulomatosis with polyangiitis in a nationwide Japanese prospective cohort study
Authors: Kikuchi Ryosuke , Tsuboi Naotake , Sada Ken-Ei , Nakatochi Masahiro , Yokoe Yuki , Suzuki Atsuo , Maruyama Shoichi , Murohara Toyoaki , Matsushita Tadashi ,   Research Committee of Intractable Vasculitis Syndrome and Research Committee of Intractable Renal Disease of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Amano Koichi , Atsumi Tatsuya , Takasaki Yoshinari , Ito Satoshi , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Dobashi Hiroaki , Ito Takafumi , Makino Hirofumi , Matsuo Seiichi 
Published: October 2020

Background Effective prognostic markers are needed for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). This study evaluated the clinical associations of serum vascular endothelial growth factor-A (sVEGF-A) and sVEGF-A165b (an antiangiogenic isoform of VEGF-A) concentrations with time to remission of AAV in a nationwide Japanese prospective follow-up cohort. Methods We collected samples from patients with AAV who were enrolled in the nationwide Japanese cohort study (RemIT-JAV-RPGN). We measured sVEGF-A and sVEGF-A165b concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 57 serum samples collected 6 months before and after initiation of AAV treatment. Patients were classified based on AAV disease subtypes: microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Results Results revealed significant reductions in sVEGF-A and sVEGF-A165b concentrations in patients with microscopic polyangiitis and EGPA, respectively. However, despite the comparable concentrations of sVEGF-A and sVEGF-A165b during the 6 months of treatment in granulomatosis with polyangiitis patients, correlation analysis revealed that the differences in log2-transformed concentrations of sVEGF-A and sVEGF-A165b were inversely correlated with time to remission in granulomatosis with polyangiitis patients. Conclusion These results suggest that sVEGF-A and -A165b can serve as potential markers of time to remission in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Loneliness Among National Samples of In-School Adolescents in Four Caribbean Countries
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: October 2020

Background The goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of loneliness among adolescent school children in four Caribbean countries. Methods Nationally representative cross-sectional data were analysed from 9,143 adolescents (15 years=median age) that took part in the “2016 Dominican Republic, 2016 Suriname, 2017 Jamaica and 2017 Trinidad and Tobago “Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS).” Results The prevalence of loneliness was 15.3% in four Caribbean countries, ranging from 12.1% in Dominican Republic to 18.6% in Jamaica. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, female sex, having no close friends, older age, anxiety induced sleep disturbance, frequent bullying victimization (≥3 days/month), having been physically attacked, parental emotional neglect, having sustained multiple serious injuries (past year) and not eating fruit and vegetables were associated with loneliness. In addition, in sex stratified adjusted logistic regression analysis, among boys, daily exposure to passive smoking, and being from Suriname, and among girls, frequent experience of hunger, low peer support, trouble from drinking alcohol and high leisure-time sedentary behaviour (≥8 hrs/day) were associated with loneliness. Moreover, in addition to above results, in unadjusted analysis, involvement in physical fight, parents never check on homework, parental disrespect of privacy, frequent school truancy (≥3 days/month), current tobacco use, having no physical education and drinking frequently soft drinks (≥3/day) were associated with loneliness. Conclusion Almost one in six students reported loneliness and several associated factors were identified which can aid intervention strategies.
PET findings in lymphomatosis and gliomatosis of the brain: a comparison of C-11 methionine PET/CT and F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Tomura Noriaki , Saginoya Toshiyuki , Goto Hiromi 
Published: October 2020

Background Positron emission tomography (PET) findings for gliomatosis and lymphomatosis have been rarely reported. Purpose To compare PET/computed tomography (CT) findings using 11C-methionine (MET) from PET/CT findings using 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose (FDG) for patients with lymphomatosis or gliomatosis of the brain. Material and Methods Participants comprised all 10 patients with lymphomatosis or gliomatosis of the brain treated at our institution in the past 12 years. Underlying pathologies comprised intravascular lymphoma (n = 1), lymphomatosis (n = 3), and gliomatosis (n = 6). All cases were pathologically diagnosed. In seven patients, both MET-PET/CT and FDG-PET/CT were performed simultaneously in a single study. In three patients, only FDG-PET/CT was performed. The degree of tracer accumulation to the lesion was evaluated qualitatively. Quantitatively, the ratio of maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) in tumor to that in normal tissue (T/N ratio) was measured and compared between FDG and MET. Results Qualitatively, MET accumulated to part of the lesion in six of seven patients and almost all of the lesion in one in seven patients. FDG accumulated to part of the lesion in three of ten patients and almost all of the lesion in one of ten patients. No FDG accumulation was seen in the lesion in six patients. Quantitatively, mean ± SD T/N ratio was significantly higher with MET (2.11 ± 0.63) than with FDG (1.18 ± 0.84; P < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Conclusion In lymphomatosis and gliomatosis, FDG accumulates in only part of the lesion. FDG is thus less suitable than MET for depicting these lesions.
Reduced salivary flow and caries status are correlated with disease activity and severity in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
Authors: Parat Katica , Radić Mislav , Perković Dijana , Lukenda Dolores Biočina , Kaliterna Dusanka Martinović 
Published: October 2020

Objective To analyze the correlations of saliva production and pH value with disease activity, disease severity, and oral health-related quality of life in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) without concomitant Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) or SS-related antibodies. Methods This cross-sectional study included 28 patients with dcSSc and matching healthy controls. Sialometric assessment and caries status were compared between the two groups. Clinical and laboratory parameters were used to evaluate disease severity, in accordance with the Medsger Severity Scale. Results In patients with dsSSc, reduced saliva production and higher pH value were associated with disease activity and severity; moreover, caries status was correlated with SSc disease characteristics, including disease duration and disease severity. Oral health-related quality of life was negatively correlated with mean salivary flow rate. Conclusions These findings contradict the existing notion that reduced saliva production in patients with SSc is linked to SS-related antibodies or caused by underlying SS. In addition, patients with dcSSc exhibit elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and invasive dental treatment has been shown to enhance the rates of stroke and heart attack in the general population; therefore, oral health is particularly important in patients with SSc.
Role of functional pharmacological therapy in post-stroke depression: a narrative review
Authors: Corallo Francesco , Scarfì Chiara , Arcadi Francesca Antonia , Formica Caterina , Di Cara Marcella , Palmeri Rosanna , Romeo Laura , Lo Buono Viviana , Bramanti Placido , Marino Silvia , De Cola Maria Cristina 
Published: October 2020

Objective We conducted a narrative review to investigate whether antidepressant therapy, including the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) or the use of supportive drugs (i.e., citicoline or choline alfoscerate) as a substitute for antidepressant therapy, reduces depression in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Methods A systematic search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases was performed, including review articles and other studies to identify additional citations. Only 4 of 1566 publications met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were selected. Results Studies showed that post-stroke depression (PSD) could be treated with antidepressant therapy, as well as supportive drugs such as citicoline or choline alfoscerate, which may have antidepressant effects. Conclusions The findings support the efficacy of citicoline as a treatment for depression. Studies aimed to discover the characteristics of these psychostimulants in relation to PSD treatment should be performed.
Self-perceived general and ear-nose-throat symptoms related to the COVID-19 outbreak: a survey study during quarantine in Italy
Authors: Micarelli Alessandro , Granito Ivan , Carlino Pasquale , Micarelli Beatrice , Alessandrini Marco 
Published: October 2020

Objective To survey perceived general and ear-nose-throat (ENT) symptoms of COVID-19 in relation to psychological impact, mental health, perception of information and demographic characteristics in quarantined subjects during a lockdown period in Italy. Methods Participants were 1380 respondents who completed an online survey. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between the independent variables and perceived symptoms. Results Participants reported different prevalences of perceived ENT and general symptoms. Coryza, cough, sore throat and tinnitus were the most common symptoms, and there was a low prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress compared with the psychological impact of the symptom. Comparison of the two symptom groups demonstrated a common need for updates, their relationship with the media and correct information about the route of transmission. Conclusions The health information provided during a disease outbreak must be grounded in evidence. This would help to prevent adverse psychological reactions and somatization symptoms that can engulf healthcare systems, especially in clinical areas like ENT, which frequently treat airway problems.
Outcomes After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Revision Reconstruction in Baseball Players
Authors: Andrews James R. , Venkateswaran Vikram , Christensen Kevin D. , Plummer Hillary A. , Hart Karen M. , Opitz Tyler J. , Wilk Kevin E. , Pinegar Caleb O. , Cain E. Lyle , Dugas Jeffrey R. , Jordan Steve E. , Fleisig Glenn S. 
Published: October 2020

Background: There is a lack of evidence regarding the success of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) revision reconstruction. Understanding outcomes after UCL revision reconstruction is important in clinical decision making for overhead athletes. Purpose: To evaluate return to play and patient-reported outcomes after UCL revision reconstruction. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All patients who underwent UCL revision reconstruction, attributed to retear of the ligament or pain, between June 2004 and July 2016 at 2 surgical centers were identified. Charts were reviewed for age, sex, date of primary and revision reconstruction, sport played, level of play, graft type, and complications. Patients were contacted by telephone to determine time to return to play, current level of participation, Conway score, Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow Score, and satisfaction. Results: Of the 65 consecutive baseball players who underwent revision UCL reconstruction, 40 (62%) were contacted at a minimum 22 months after surgery. Of these, 38 (95%) were pitchers and 2 (5%) were position players. Time to return to throwing was 6.2 ± 2.3 months (mean ± SD), and the KJOC score was 74.2 ± 20.7. Based on the Conway score, 50% (20/40) had an excellent result, indicating a return to the previous competition level for at least 1 year, and 30% (12/40) had a good result, indicating a return to a lower level for at least 1 year. For those who were able to return to competition, it took 12.7 ± 3.6 months. In pitchers, 47% (18/38) returned to their previous competition levels for at least 1 year, with a KJOC score of 73.7 ± 21.1. Pitchers were able to return to throwing at 6.3 ± 2.3 months and competition at 12.8 ± 3.7 months. Conclusion: Only half of baseball players undergoing UCL revision reconstruction were able to return to their previous levels of competition. Outcomes for revision reconstructions are not as promising as primary procedures. Baseball players should be cautioned that they may not return to their previous levels of play after a revision reconstruction.
SIGLEC1 (CD169) is a sensitive biomarker for the deterioration of the clinical course in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Stuckrad Sae Lim von , Klotsche Jens , Biesen Robert , Lieber Mareike , Thumfart Julia , Meisel Christian , Unterwalder Nadine , Kallinich Tilmann 
Published: October 2020

Background To analyse the validity of membrane-bound SIGLEC1 (CD169) as a sensitive biomarker for monitoring disease activity in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods 27 children and adolescents with SLE were followed for a mean of 13.5 months. During consecutive routine visits SLEDAI-2k, C3, C4 and ds-DNA values were determined. Additionally, expression of SIGLEC1 on monocytes was determined by flow cytometry. The amount of PE-labelled CD169 mAb bound per monocyte was analyzed using QuantiBRITE™ PE tubes. Associations between biomarkers and the clinical course were investigated by regression analysis. Results In general, SIGLEC1 expression is high on SLE-derived monocytes (mean 6 359 (SD 6 056) molecules/monocyte, cut-off 2 500 molecules/monocyte), all patients with newly diagnosed SLE exhibit elevated expression (mean 13366 (SD 7 750) molecules/monocyte). Changes (Δ) in SIGLEC1 levels during the clinical course is the only biomarker that significantly correlates with the change in SLEDAI-2k (betaST = 0.28, p = 0.001). At follow-up visit, a clinically important worsening was experienced by 47.6% of patients with a Δ SIGLEC1 > 2 151 molecules/cell (OR 5.31) and 72.4% with a Δ SIGLEC1 > 756 molecules/cell (OR 8.90). Conversely, 36.4% of patients with a Δ SIGLEC1 < -2 818 molecules/cell (OR 4.16, percentiles as cut-off criteria) and 50.0% of patients with a Δ SIGLEC1 < -1 370 molecules/cell (OR 3.55, application of Youden index) showed clinical improvement. SIGLEC1 expression correlates inversely with the amount of therapeutically applied hydroxychloroquine (p < 0.001). Conclusions SIGLEC1 expression on monocytes is a sensitive biomarker for adjusting disease activity in childhood SLE and represents a promising and easily applicable tool for disease monitoring.
“I Hate the Word ‘Liver’”: A Photovoice Study of Burmese and Bhutanese Adolescent Health Care Brokers in Northeast Ohio
Authors: Hess Rosanna F. , Ruhl Chelsea M. , Brunsdon Sherri G. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Adolescents health care brokers interpret for family and community members lacking English language proficiency in health care settings. The purpose of this study was to explore personal experiences of Burmese and Bhutanese teenagers who served as health care brokers in resettled refugee families in Northeast Ohio. Method: A mixed methods design using photovoice guided this study. Participants completed the Adolescent Language Brokering Survey, took photos, wrote in journals, and attended focus groups. Results: Eight Burmese and Bhutanese teenagers participated. Three themes became apparent: health care brokering within sociocultural contexts, mediation during health care encounters, and representations of childhood. Discussion: The adolescents were proud to be health care brokers yet found it disrupted their lives because they were living in both their traditional culture and the American culture. Photovoice empowered them through dissemination of findings during a photo exposition, community meeting, and health literacy class. Health care professionals must recognize benefits and prohibitions when working with adolescent health care brokers.
Comprehensive Literature Review and Evidence evaluation of Experimental Treatment in COVID 19 Contagion
Authors: Boregowda Umesha , Gandhi Darshan , Jain Nitin , Khanna Kanika , Gupta Nishant 
Published: October 2020

Importance: Coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID 19) is caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) virus. The pandemic is affecting the livelihood of millions of people all over the world. At the time of preparing this report, the pandemic has affected 1 827 284 patients, with 113 031 deaths in 185 countries as per Johns Hopkins University. With no proven treatment for the disease, prevention of the disease in the community and healthcare setting is need of the hour. Objective: To perform a comprehensive literature search for preventive measures and experimental treatment options. In this review, we have focused our discussion on the risk of disease transmission, supportive treatment, and possible treatment options based on available evidence. Evidence Review: We performed a literature search on google scholar, PubMed, and society guidelines for literature related to COVID 19 and previous coronavirus pandemics. We included data review articles, observational studies, and controlled trials to synthesize the treatment options for COVID 19. Findings: In this article, we have extensively reviewed and discussed recommendations from various world organizations for the public and healthcare workers. We have also discussed currently available experimental treatments since there is no proven treatment for COVID 19. The best method of dealing with the current outbreak is to reduce the community spread and thus “flatten the curve.” Although Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Azithromycin have been tried, passive immunity through convalescent serum and vaccine is still at an experimental stage. Patients with severe COVID 19 infections could be considered for this experimental treatment through various national randomized control trials, which may eventually lead to an evidence-based treatment strategy. Conclusions and Relevance: Awareness of currently available experimental treatment among healthcare providers and exploration of possible treatment options through evidence is need of the hour. We have discussed the most recently available literature and evidence behind experimental treatment in this article.