bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivational underpinnings of successful support giving: Compassionate goals promote matching support provision
Authors: Lee David S. , Jiang Tao , Canevello Amy , Crocker Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhat enables people to give support that effectively addresses others' needs? Four studies examined the role of prosocial motivation, namely, compassionate goals, in providing support that addresses recipients' needs (‘matching’ support). Because people with compassionate goals are motivated to promote others' well‐being, this study hypothesizes that they would be more likely to engage in perspective taking, which should help them identify and give matching support. Consistent with this hypothesis, providers' compassionate goals were associated with a greater intention to give matching support (Studies 1–3) and giving matching support in the real world (Study 4). This effect was partially mediated by providers' greater perspective taking of recipients' needs (Study 3). Collectively, these studies highlight the role of prosocial motivations in successful support provision.
COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT PATH PLANNING ALGORITHM FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE
Authors: Debnath Sanjoy Kumar , Omar Rosli , Abdul Latip Nor Badariyah , Bagchi Susama , Sabudin Elia Nadira , Mumin Abdul Rashid Omar , Soomro Abdul Majid , Nafea Marwan , Muhammad Bashir Bala , Naha Ranesh Kumar 
Published: December 2020

This paper analyses an experimental path planning performance between the Iterative Equilateral Space Oriented Visibility Graph (IESOVG) and conventional Visibility Graph (VG) algorithms in terms of computation time and path length for an autonomous vehicle. IESOVG is a path planning algorithm that was proposed to overcome the limitations of VG which is slow in obstacle-rich environment. The performance assessment was done in several identical scenarios through simulation. The results showed that the proposed IESOVG algorithm was much faster in comparison to VG. In terms of path length, IESOVG was found to have almost similar performance with VG. It was also found that IESOVG was complete as it could find a collision-free path in all scenarios.
Adolescent with abdominal pain poorly responsive to analgesia
Authors: Chanchlani Neil , Jarvis Philip , Hart James W , McMillan Christine H , Moudiotis Christopher R 
Published: December 2020

Case presentationA 14-year-old boy, with autism spectrum disorder, presented with a 1-day history of colicky abdominal pain, non-bilious vomiting, anorexia and loose normal-coloured stool. Two days previously, he had a poorly reheated takeaway chicken.On examination, body mass index (BMI) was >99th centile. He had inconsistent epigastric, periumbilical and umbilical tenderness, and guarding, with normal bowel sounds. Observations were within normal limits, but his pain was poorly responsive to paracetamol, ibuprofen, hyoscine butylbromide, codeine and morphine.Investigations are in table 1. On day 3, his temperature increased to 38.5° and a CT scan was performed, which showed concerning features (figure 1).Table 1Serology and further investigations throughout admissionDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4Serology White cell count (3.8–10.6×109/L)7.514.615.713.6 Neutrophils (1.8–8.0×109/L)5.312.312.85.3 C reactive protein (<5 mg/L)12010398 Bilirubin (0–21 μmol/L)812Further investigations Urine dipstickNegative UltrasoundSmall volume of free fluid, normal gallbladder, pancreas and appendix not visualisedFigure 1CT scan of the abdomen (A) and pelvis (B).QuestionsWhat is the diagnosis?Appendicitis.Pancreatitis.Cholecystitis.Gastroenteritis.Which serology would have been most helpful at presentation?Renal function.Coagulation.Amylase and lipase.Gamma glutamyltransferase.What are the acute treatment principles?What is the the most common cause?Idiopathic.Gallstones.Medications.Genetic.Answers can be found on page 2.
Asymmetric crypt fission in colectomy specimens in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Rubio Carlos A , Schmidt Peter T 
Published: December 2020

AimsWe previously found colonic crypts with asymmetric fission bordering regenerating ulcers in ulcerative colitis (UC). The present objective was to assess the frequency of asymmetric crypt-fission in colectomy specimens from patients with long-lasting UC.MethodsH&E-stained sections from seven colectomies from patients with UC without dysplasia or carcinoma were investigated. Symmetric fission was characterised by branched colon crypts showing ≥2 identical crypts, whereas asymmetric fission exhibited branched colon crypt portraying ≥2 dissimilar crypts, differing in diameter, length and/or shape.ResultsThe number of crypts in fission in the 89 sections was 3586; of those, 2930 (81.7%) were asymmetric and the remaining 656 (18.3%), symmetric. Out of 927 vertically-cut crypts (in well-oriented sections), 912 (98.4%) were asymmetric, and the remaining 14 (1.6%), symmetric, and out 2660, cross-cut (transected) crypts in fission, 2018 (75.9%) were asymmetric and the remaining 642 (24.1%), symmetric.ConclusionCrypt fission is rarely found in the normal colon in adults. Symmetric crypt fission found in UC is possibly triggered by a compensatory homeostatic mechanism of crypt production in mucosal areas replaced by chronic inflammation. But asymmetric crypt fission is a pathological aberration that affects crypts in patients with a particular predisposition to develop mucosal dysplasia. It is suggested that this previously unattended histological parameter be included in the pathological descriptions of colectomy specimens from patients with UC.
Immunoglobulin subtyping and quantification in direct antiglobulin test: positive haemolysis in an HIV-prevalent setting
Authors: Chetty Thirosha , Bouwer Nikki , Wan Yuen On , Mahlangu Johnny 
Published: December 2020

AimsPositive direct antiglobulin tests (DATs) are valuable in identifying the aetiology of autoimmune haemolysis and in guiding therapeutic intervention. However, in HIV-positive individuals with background polyclonal gammopathy, a positive DAT in the absence of haemolysis is common. In this setting, IgG quantification and subtyping may be of value, as this is possible with the recently introduced gel cards. There is paucity of literature evaluating the diagnostic usefulness of IgG subtyping and quantification in HIV-positive individuals who are investigated for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). This study evaluated the usefulness of IgG quantification and subtyping in the diagnostic work-up of AIHA in patients with a positive DAT, with and without HIV infection.MethodsThis retrospective, cross-sectional study included patients investigated for AIHA in a quaternary care hospital. Those with a positive DAT had their IgG subtyped and quantified using the ID-Card DAT IgG1/IgG3and IgG-dilution cards (Bio-Rad, Cressier, Switzerland).ResultsNinety patients admitted from December 2019 to March 2020 were investigated for AIHA. Forty-four (49%) patients had a positive DAT of whom 26 (59%) had evidence of haemolysis, and 16 (36%) were HIV positive. Concurrent HIV and haemolysis were present in eight patients, two of whom had IgG1although none had an IgG antibody titre >1:30. None of the HIV-positive patients without features of haemolysis had IgG1/IgG3or IgG antibody titres >1:30.ConclusionIn our clinical setting, IgG quantification and subtyping were found to be of limited value in the diagnostic characterisation of AIHA in HIV-positive patients with false-positive DAT.
Endovascular therapy in the distal neurovascular territory: results of a large prospective registry
Authors: Nogueira Raul G , Mohammaden Mahmoud H , Haussen Diogo C , Budzik Ronald F , Gupta Rishi , Krajina Antonin , English Joey D , Malek Ali R , Sarraj Amrou , Narata Ana Paula , Taqi Muhammad Asif , Frankel Michael R , Miller Timothy Ryan , Grobelny Thomas , Baxter Blaise W , Bartolini Bruno Mario , Jenkins Paul , Estrade Laurent , Liebeskind David , Veznedaroglu Erol 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThere is a paucity of data regarding mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in distal arterial occlusions (DAO). We aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MT in patients with DAO and compare their outcomes with proximal arterial occlusion (PAO) strokes.MethodsThe Trevo Registry was a prospective open-label MT registry including 2008 patients from 76 sites across 12 countries. Patients were categorized into: PAO: intracranial ICA, and MCA–M1; and DAO: MCA–M2, MCA–M3, ACA, and PCA. Baseline and outcome variables were compared across the PAO vs DAO patients with pre-morbid mRS 0–2.ResultsAmong 407 DAOs including 350 (86.0%) M2, 25 (6.1%) M3, 10 (2.5%) ACA, and 22 (5.4%) PCA occlusions, there were 376 DAO with pre-morbid mRS 0–2 which were compared with 1268 PAO patients. The median baseline NIHSS score was lower in DAO (13 [8–18] vs 16 [12–20], P<0.001). There were no differences in terms of age, sex, IV-tPA use, co-morbidities, or time to treatment across DAO vs PAO. The rates of post-procedure reperfusion, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and 90-mortality were comparable between both groups. DAO showed significantly higher rates of 90-day mRS 0–2 (68.3% vs 56.5%, P<0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, the level of arterial occlusion was not associated with the chances of excellent outcome (DAO for 90-day mRS 0–1: OR; 1.18, 95% CI [0.90 to 1.54], P=0.225), successful reperfusion or SICH. However, DAO patients were more likely to be functionally independent (mRS 0–2: OR; 1.45, 95% CI [1,09 to 1.92], P=0.01) or dead (OR; 1.54, 95% CI [1.06 to 2.27], P=0.02) at 90 days.ConclusionEndovascular therapy in DAO appears to result in a comparable safety and technical success profile as in PAO. The potential benefits of DAO thrombectomy should be investigated in future randomized trials.
Proximal Internal Carotid artery Acute Stroke Secondary to tandem Occlusions (PICASSO) international survey
Authors: Zevallos Cynthia B , Farooqui Mudassir , Quispe-Orozco Darko , Mendez-Ruiz Alan , Patterson Mary , Below Kristine , Martins Sheila O , Mansour Ossama Y , Mont’Alverne Francisco , Nguyen Thanh N , Lemme Luis , Siddiqui Adnan H , Fraser Justin F , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Zaidat Osama O , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundWhile mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for large vessel occlusion strokes, the optimal management of tandem occlusions (TO) remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the current practice patterns among stroke physicians involved in the treatment of TO during MT.MethodsWe distributed an online survey to neurovascular practitioners (stroke neurologists, neurointerventionalists, neurosurgeons, and radiologists), members of professional societies. After 2 months the site was closed and data were extracted and analyzed. We divided respondents into acute stenting and delayed treatment groups and responses were compared between the two groups.ResultsWe received 220 responses from North America (48%), Latin America (28%), Asia (15%), Europe (5%), and Africa (4%). Preferred timing for cervical revascularization varied among respondents; 51% preferred treatment in a subsequent procedure during the same hospitalization whereas 39% preferred to treat during MT. Angioplasty and stenting (41%) was the preferred technique, followed by balloon angioplasty and local aspiration (38%). The risk of intracerebral hemorrhage was the most compelling reason for not stenting acutely (68%). There were no significant differences among practice characteristics and timing groups. Most practitioners (70%) agreed that there is equipoise regarding the optimal endovascular treatment of cervical lesions in TO; hence, 77% would participate in a randomized controlled trial.ConclusionsThe PICASSO survey demonstrates multiple areas of uncertainty regarding the medical and endovascular management of TOs. Experts acknowledged the need for further evidence and their willingness to participate in a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the best treatment for the cervical TO lesion.
Telomerase gene variants and telomere shortening in patients with silicosis or asbestosis
Authors: Fan Yali , Zheng Chunming , Wu Na , Li Yihua , Huang Xiaoyun , Ye Qiao 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTelomerase gene variants that lead to accelerated telomere shortening are linked to progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. However, little is known about their relationships with pneumoconiosis. This study aimed to identifyTERT/TERCvariants and leucocyte telomere lengths (LTL) in patients with silicosis or asbestosis.MethodsIn the present study, Sanger sequencing ofTERT/TERCvariants was performed in 193 Chinese Han patients with pneumoconiosis, including 109 with silicosis and 84 with asbestosis. Quantitative PCR was used to measure LTL in peripheral blood of the patients and 200 age and sex-matched healthy controls.ResultsIn total, 7.3% patients with pneumoconiosis had 17TERT/TERCvariants. Among which 8.3% of patients with silicosis and 3.6% of patients with asbestosis hadTERTvariants, respectively. NoTERCvariants were detected in silicosis, whereas 3.6% of patients with asbestosis hadTERCvariants. Telomeres were significantly shorter in the patients with pneumoconiosis compared with healthy controls (p<0.001). No significant differences in LTL were found betweenTERT/TERCvariant carriers and non-carriers. Exposure to silica dust was associated with the severity of pneumoconiosis after adjusting for covariates (OR 4.92, p=0.002). However,TERT/TERCvariants and short telomeres were not associated with the severity of pneumoconiosis.ConclusionTelomerase gene variants and short telomeres may be identified in the patients with silicosis and asbestosis in response to the exposure to silica or asbestos dust but are not related to disease severity.
Confronting inflation models with the coming observations on primordial gravitational waves
Authors: Qiu Taotao , Katsuragawa Taishi , Ni Shulei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe recent observations from CMB have imposed a very stringent upper-limit on the tensor/scalar ratio r of inflation models, $$r < 0.064$$

r
<
0.064

, which indicates that the primordial gravitational waves (PGW), even though possible to be detected, should have a power spectrum of a tiny amplitude. However, current experiments on PGW is ambitious to detect such a signal by improving the accuracy to an even higher level. Whatever their results are, it will give us much information about the early Universe, not only from the astrophysical side but also from the theoretical side, such as model building for the early Universe. In this paper, we are interested in analyzing what kind of inflation models can be favored by future observations, starting with a kind of general action offered by the effective field theory (EFT) approach. We show a general form of r that can be reduced to various models, and more importantly, we show how the accuracy of future observations can put constraints on model parameters by plotting the contours in their parameter spaces.
Churchgoing and Christian Ethics: an Empirical Study among 13- to 15-Year-Old Students in England and Wales
Authors: Francis Leslie J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study explores the connections between churchgoing and two fields of Christian moral values (sex-related and substance-related) among 23,714 13- to 15-year-old students in England and Wales who self-identified as either Christian or as of no religion. Bivariate crosstabulation identifies clear patterns of association. Multiple regression analyses confirm that the associations persist after controlling for personal factors (sex and age) and for psychological factors (extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism). Multiple regression analyses also suggest that additional variance is explained when two aspects of intrinsic religiosity are added to the model (personal prayer and belief in God) and that much of the variance accounted for by churchgoing is mediated through these aspects of intrinsic religiosity. These findings illuminate the connection between the Christian community and communities of moral values.
Specters of Qingzhen: Marking Islam in China
Authors: Ha Guangtian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Based on fieldwork in Henan and Ningxia conducted in numerous research trips each lasting from two weeks to two years from 2010 to 2018, this article argues that in the two decades from the late 1990s to the late 2010s, there was a critical transition in how halal food was marked in China and how the state as well as ordinary Muslims perceived these shifting signs. By explaining the difference between qingzhen and halal signs, and by highlighting the imagistic character of the former, this article shows how local governments both propagated the proliferation of halal signs and soon afterwards saw in these same signs not so much economic prosperity as the threat of global Islam. Therefore, the current crackdown on Islam in China is as much about how Islam is to be visually represented as it is about concerns over sovereignty, ethnicity and religious dissent.
Measuring the Unmeasurable? Production & Certification of Halal Goods and Services
Authors: Botoeva Aisalkyn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Attending to the rise of halal economy and particularly halal certification initiatives in the region and globally, this paper asks why and how third-party certifiers would gain credibility and authority, and what does authority have to do with the work of entrepreneurs in the sector. Drawing on fieldwork conducted between 2012 and 2015, and interviews with entrepreneurs and a private halal certification agency in Kyrgyzstan as well as their accreditors in Kazakhstan, I pay close attention to the collective meaning-making deliberations that revolve around questions of what makes goods and services halal and also what makes one a ‘good Muslim’. Certifiers and entrepreneurs come to form what I call a valuation circuit. In these circuits, they construct shared understandings of ethnical and behavioral norms for market actors, create and reinforce binaries around halal and haram, and rely on transnational network of religious authority as they attempt to valuate and measure compliance to halal standards.
Al-Ghazālī’s Virtue Ethical Theory of the Divine Names: The Theological Underpinnings of the Doctrine of Takhalluq in al-Maqṣad al-Asnā
Authors: Casewit Yousef 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī’s (d. 505/1111) al-Maqṣad al-Asnā fī Sharḥ Maʿānī Asmāʾ Allāh al-Ḥusnā (“The Highest Aim in Explaining the Meanings of God’s Most Beautiful Names”) is more than just a commentary on the ninety-nine names of God. In setting out to expound on a virtue ethical theory of the divine names, the Maqṣad in effect amounts to a sustained theological meditation upon one of the most fundamental paradoxes of monotheism: how to locate and affirm both divine incomparability (tanzīh) and comparability (tashbīh). In order to avoid any semblance of theological immanentism, or “the affirmation of God’s comparability” (tashbīh), al-Ghazālī begins by positing that an unbridgeable chasm, or irreducible “disparity” (tafāwut), separates the Lord from the servant. This chasm accounts for a disconnect not only between God’s unqualified Essence and the human being, but also between the transcendent meanings (maʿānī) that reside in the Essence and our limited apprehension of those transcendent meanings in the mind. At the same time, he insists that this chasm does not annul the ethical relevance and ontological reality of the attributes (taʿṭīl). Rather, the latter are somehow comparable (tashbīh) and do serve as prototype for human ethical conduct. In addressing this apparent paradox, al-Ghazālī’s Maqṣad exudes a palpable theological anxiety. This article explores the ways in which he addresses this theological conundrum by grounding his treatise in Ashʿarī theology and Sufi ethics. It closely analyses his cautious use of diction, hyper-systematised exegetical methodology, and staunch commitment to a set of hermeneutical principles which serve to undergird his virtue ethical theory of the divine names. Later generations of commentators picked up on al-Ghazālī’s theological anxiety, and critiqued the work for excessive immanentism (tashbīh), excessive transcendentalism (tanzīh), or excessive hermeneutical systematisation (takalluf).
Assimilation of Satellite-Retrieved Sea Ice Concentration and Prospects for September Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Zhang Yong-Fei , Bushuk Mitchell , Winton Michael , Hurlin Bill , Yang Xiaosong , Delworth Tom , Jia Liwei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe current GFDL seasonal prediction system achieved retrospective sea ice extent (SIE) skill without direct sea ice data assimilation. Here we develop sea ice data assimilation, shown to be a key source of skill for seasonal sea ice predictions, in GFDL’s next-generation prediction system, the Seamless System for Prediction and Earth System Research (SPEAR). Satellite sea ice concentration (SIC) observations are assimilated into the GFDL Sea Ice Simulator version 2 (SIS2) using the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF). Sea ice physics is perturbed to form an ensemble of ice–ocean members with atmospheric forcing from the JRA-55 reanalysis. Assimilation is performed every 5 days from 1982 to 2017 and the evaluation is conducted at pan-Arctic and regional scales over the same period. To mitigate an assimilation overshoot problem and improve the analysis, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are restored to the daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature version 2 (OISSTv2). The combination of SIC assimilation and SST restoring reduces analysis errors to the observational error level (~10%) from up to 3 times larger than this (~30%) in the free-running model. Sensitivity experiments show that the choice of assimilation localization half-width (190 km) is near optimal and that SIC analysis errors can be further reduced slightly either by reducing the observational error or by increasing the assimilation frequency from every 5 days to daily. A lagged-correlation analysis suggests substantial prediction skill improvements from SIC initialization at lead times of less than 2 months.
The Effects of ADHD Teacher Training Programs on Teachers and Pupils: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ward Rebecca J. , Bristow Sarah J. , Kovshoff Hanna , Cortese Samuele , Kreppner Jana 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To synthesize the evidence on the efficacy of ADHD teacher training interventions for teachers’ ADHD knowledge and reducing pupils’ ADHD-type behaviors. Method: Six electronic databases were systematically searched up to 14/04/20. Meta-analyses were performed to pool standardized mean differences (SMD). Results: 29 studies were included in the systematic review, and 22 meta-analyzed. SMD for teacher knowledge within subjects at post-test and follow-up was 1.96 (95% confidence interval = 1.48, 2.43) and ‒1.21 (–2.02, –0.41) respectively. Between subjects analyses at post-test showed SMD = 1.56 (0.52, 2.59), with insufficient data at follow-up. At post-test, SMD for pupils’ behavior within and between subjects was 0.78 (0.37, 1.18), and 0.71 (–0.11, 1.52), respectively. Medium-to-high risk of bias was found in all but one study. Conclusion: ADHD teacher training programs may be effective in initially improving ADHD teachers’ knowledge. There is inconsistent evidence for their efficacy to reduce students’ ADHD-type behaviors.