bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of PLK2 induces acquired resistance to temozolomide in GBM via activation of Notch signaling
Authors: Alafate Wahafu , Xu Dongze , Wu Wei , Xiang Jianyang , Ma Xudong , Xie Wanfu , Bai Xiaobin , Wang Maode , Wang Jia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal type of primary brain tumor with a median survival less than 15 months. Despite the recent improvements of comprehensive strategies, the outcomes for GBM patients remain dismal. Accumulating evidence indicates that rapid acquired chemoresistance is the major cause of GBM recurrence thus leads to worse clinical outcomes. Therefore, developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chemoresistant GBM is crucial for long-term cures. MethodsTranscriptomic profiles of glioblastoma were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) and TCGA database. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed and candidate gene PLK2 was selected for subsequent validation. Clinical samples and corresponding data were collected from our center and measured using immunohistochemistry analysis. Lentiviral transduction and in vivo xenograft transplantation were used to validate the bioinformatic findings. GSEA analyses were conducted to identify potential signaling pathways related to PLK2 expression and further confirmed by in vitro mechanistic assays. ResultsIn this study, we identified PLK2 as an extremely suppressed kinase-encoding gene in GBM samples, particularly in therapy resistant GBM. Additionally, reduced PLK2 expression implied poor prognosis and TMZ resistance in GBM patients. Functionally, up-regulated PLK2 attenuated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis of GBM cells. Besides, exogenous overexpression of PLK2 reduced acquired TMZ resistance of GBM cells. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis indicated that PLK2 was negatively correlated with Notch signaling pathway in GBM. Mechanically, loss of PLK2 activated Notch pathway through negative transcriptional regulation of HES1 and degradation of Notch1.ConclusionLoss of PLK2 enhances aggressive biological behavior of GBM through activation of Notch signaling, indicating that PLK2 could be a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for chemoresistant GBM.
Water hardness influenced variations in reproductive potential of two freshwater fish species; Poecilia reticulata and Betta splendens
Authors: Krishnakumar Abarna , Patrick Anton , Jayawardena Uthpala 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: Hardness of water in the form of CaCO3 affects reproductive potential in various fish species, differently. This study evaluates the effect of water hardness on growth and reproduction of two aquarium fishes, Poecilia reticulata (Ovo-viviparous sp.) and Betta splendens (Oviparous sp.) by growing them under 150 (control), 320, 540 and 900 ppm CaCO3 levels in semi natural aquaria. Results: Growth increased with increasing water hardness, reporting a significant progress of P. reticulata (p=0.005) at 900ppm. Similarly, the reproductive potential of P. reticulata was improved significantly, recording the highest fecundity (16.22 ± 3.90) and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI-2.48 ± 0.597) at 900ppm. However, in B. splendens water hardness adversely affected the reproduction by resulting a significantly low hatchability and disturbed bubble nests at 900ppm, compared to the largest bubble nest formed at the control condition (108.58 ± 16.19 cm2). Thus, the study revealed differential effects of water hardness on reproductive potential of the test species, by increasing the potential of P. reticulata while decreasing that of B. splendens. Though larval survival was affected in both species, larval growth was improved significantly in P. reticulata at 900ppm level. Understanding reproductive potential of aquarium fishes in natural waters is crucial for their management purposes.
Improved dynamics of sharing research findings in the COVID-19 epidemic compared with the SARS and Ebola epidemics
Authors: Khanali Javad , Malekpour Mohammad-Reza , Kolahi Ali-Asghar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: When a new or re-emergent pathogen, such as SARS-CoV-2, causes a major outbreak, rapid access to pertinent research findings is crucial for planning strategies and decision making. We researched whether the speed of sharing research results in the COVID-19 epidemic was higher than the SARS and Ebola epidemics. We also researched whether there is any difference in the most frequent topics investigated before and after the COVID-19, SARS, and Ebola epidemics started.Method: We used PubMed database search tools to determine the time-period it took for the number of articles to rise after the epidemics started and the most frequent topics assigned to the articles.Results: The main results were, first, the rise in the number of articles occurred six weeks after the COVID-19 epidemic started whereas, this rise occurred five months after the SARS and seven months after the Ebola epidemics started. Second, etiology, statistics & numerical data, and epidemiology were the three most frequent topics investigated in the COVID-19 epidemic. However, etiology, microbiology, and genetics in the SARS epidemic, and statistics & numerical data, epidemiology, and prevention & control in the Ebola epidemic were more frequently studied compared with other topics. Third, some topics were studied more frequently after the epidemics started.Conclusion: The speed of sharing results in the COVID-19 epidemic was much higher than the SARS and Ebola epidemics, and that there is a difference in the most frequent articles’ topics investigated in these three epidemics. Due to the value of time in controlling epidemics spread, the study highlights the necessity of defining more solutions for rapidly providing pertinent research findings in fighting against the next public health emergency.
Misinformation about COVID-19: Evidence for Differential Latent Profiles and a Strong Association with Trust in Science
Authors: Agley Jon , Xiao Yunyu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been mirrored by diffusion of misinformation and conspiracy theories about its origins (such as 5G cellular networks) and the motivations of preventive measures like vaccination, social distancing, and face masks (for example, as a political ploy). These beliefs have resulted in substantive, negative real-world outcomes but remain largely unstudied.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, online survey (n=660). Participants were asked about the believability of five selected COVID-19 narratives, their political orientation, their religious commitment, and their trust in science (a 21-item scale), along with sociodemographic items. Data were assessed descriptively, then latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups with similar believability profiles. Bivariate (ANOVA) analyses were run, then multivariable, multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with membership in specific COVID-19 narrative believability profiles.ResultsFor the full sample, believability of the narratives varied, from a low of 1.94 (SD=1.72) for the 5G narrative to a high of 4.56 (SD=1.64) for the zoonotic (scientific consensus) narrative. Four distinct belief profiles emerged, with the preponderance (70%) of the sample falling into Profile 1, which believed the scientifically accepted narrative (zoonotic origin) but not the misinformed or conspiratorial narratives. Other profiles did not disbelieve the zoonotic explanation, but rather believed additional misinformation to varying degrees. Controlling for sociodemographics, political orientation and religious commitment were marginally, and typically non-significantly, associated with COVID-19 belief profile membership. However, trust in science was a strong, significant predictor of profile membership, with lower trust being substantively associated with belonging to Profiles 2 through 4.ConclusionsBelief in misinformation or conspiratorial narratives may not be mutually exclusive from belief in the narrative reflecting scientific consensus; that is, profiles were distinguished not by belief in the zoonotic narrative, but rather by concomitant belief or disbelief in additional narratives. Additional, renewed dissemination of scientifically accepted narratives may not attenuate belief in misinformation. However, prophylaxis of COVID-19 misinformation might be achieved by taking concrete steps to improve trust in science and scientists, such as building understanding of the scientific process and supporting open science initiatives.
Comprehensive genetic testing combined with citizen science reveals a recently characterized ancient MC1R mutation associated with partial recessive red phenotypes in dog&nbsp;
Authors: Anderson Heidi , Honkanen Leena , Ruotanen Päivi , Mathlin Julia , Donner Jonas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) plays a central role in regulation of coat color determination in various species and is commonly referred to as the “E (extension) Locus”. Allelic variation of the MC1R gene is associated with coat color phenotypes EM (melanistic mask), EG (grizzle/domino) and e1-3 (recessive red) in dogs. In addition, a previous study of archeological dog specimens over 10,000 years of age identified a variant p.R301C in the MC1R gene that may have influenced coat color of early dogs.Results: Commercial genotyping of 11,750 dog samples showed the R301C variant of the MC1R gene was present in 35 breeds or breed varieties, at an allele frequency of 1.5% in the tested population. We detected no linkage disequilibrium between R301C and other tested alleles of the E locus. Based on current convention we propose that R301C should be considered a novel allele of the E locus, which we have termed eA for “e ancient red”. Phenotype analysis of owner-provided dog pictures reveals that the eA allele has an impact on coat color and is recessive to wild type E and dominant to the e alleles. In dominant black (KB/*) dogs it can prevent the phenotypic expression of the K locus, and the expressed coat color is solely determined by the A locus. In the absence of dominant black, eA/eA and eA/e genotypes result in the coat color patterns referred to in their respective breed communities as domino in Alaskan Malamute and other Spitz breeds, grizzle in Chihuahua, and pied in Beagle.Conclusions: This study demonstrates a large genotype screening effort to identify the frequency and distribution of the MC1R R301C variant, one of the earliest mutations captured by canine domestication, and citizen science empowered characterization of its impact on coat color.
Comparison of the effectiveness of existential, cognitive-existential, and humanistic-existential group psychotherapy on psychosomatic complaints in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hanis Ghaffar Nasiri , Sadeghi Masoud , Gholamrezaei Simin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background and aims: A significant amount of previous studies has confirmed the positive effect of existential, cognitive-existential, and humanistic-existential interventions on psychosocial problems with different populations. However, research on the effectiveness and comparison of the effect of these three independent variables on the problem of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is novel. So, the purpose of this research is to study the comparison of the effectiveness of existential, cognitive-existential, and humanistic-existential group psychotherapy on psychosomatic complaints among women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The method of the research was semi-experimental, and its experimental design includes the pretest, post-test, and two-month follow-up tests with experimental and control parallel groups. Cases of this study included women with type 2 diabetes mellitus referring to the Specialist Diabetes Clinic of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj in the first three months of 2019. The main criterion for entry participants to research was the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus by specialists of the Diabetes Clinic of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj. 32 subjects selected by simple random sampling method of this society and were assigned to three experimental and one control group by substituting random method. The data collected based on the scale of psychosomatic complaints Takata & Sakata (2004). After the pre-test, the experimental groups participated in 120-minute sessions for 9 weeks. Data analyzed by the statistical test of repeated measures of the General Linear Model. Results: The results of repeated measures analysis showed that the effect of the interventions in experimental groups of psychosomatic complaints was significant and stable compared to the control group (computed using alpha = 0, 05). The effect of the group humanistic-existential psychotherapy on reducing psychosomatic complaints about women with type 2 diabetes mellitus is stable and significant compared to existential and cognitive-existential psychotherapy (The mean difference is significant at the 0,05 level).Conclusion: The findings show applying humanistic-existential psychotherapy more benefits than the other two method. So, humanistic-existential group psychotherapy could be a selective therapy for reducing psychosomatic complaints about women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Lycorine hydrochloride inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through promoting FBXW7-MCL1 axis in gastric cancer
Authors: Li Chongyang , Deng Chaowei , Pan Guangzhao , Wang Xue , Zhang Kui , Dong Zhen , Zhao Gaichao , Tan Mengqin , Hu Xiaosong , Shi Shaomin , Du Juan , Ji Haoyan , Wang Xiaowen , Yang Liqun , Cui Hongjuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Lycorine hydrochloride (LH), an alkaloid extracted from the bulb of the Lycoris radiata, is considered to have anti-viral, anti-malarial, and anti-tumorous effects. At present, the underlying mechanisms of LH in gastric cancer remain unclear. MCL1, an anti-apoptotic protein of BCL2 family, is closely related to drug resistance of tumor. Therefore, MCL1 is considered as a potential target for cancer treatment. Methods: The effect of LH on gastric cancer was assessed in vitro (by MTT, BrdU, western blotting…) and in vivo (by immunohistochemistry).Results: In this study, we showed that LH has an anti-tumorous effect by down-regulating MCL1 in gastric cancer. Besides, we unveiled that LH reduced the protein stability of MCL1 by up-regulating ubiquitin E3 ligase FBXW7, arrested cell cycle at S phase and triggered apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Meanwhile, we also demonstrated that LH could induce apoptosis of the BCL2-drug-resistant-cell-lines. Moreover, PDX (Patient-Derived tumor xenograft) model experiment proved that LH combined with HA14-1 (inhibitor of BCL2), had a more significant therapeutic effect on gastric cancer. Conclusions: Together, the efficacy showed in our data suggests that lycorine hydrochloride is a promising anti-tumorous compound for gastric cancer.
Evaluating Implementation of the Diabetes Perioperative Passport: A qualitative focus group study
Authors: Akiboye Funke , Page Emma , Nirantharakumar Krish , Rayman Gerry , Lindenmeyer Antje 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background and AimsA perioperative passport was developed to improve care of people with diabetes undergoing elective surgery by equipping patients with a hand-held summary of their care needs. Two surgical nursing groups were approached to be involved in developing and piloting this novel technology with contrasting results.This study aims to examine the factors affecting implementation of an empowerment tool for patients with diabetes among nursing staff in two surgical groups within a single district general hospitalDesignA qualitative study using focus groups to examine factors affecting staff engagement in implementing the diabetes perioperative passport.MethodsTwo focus group were conducted in 2017 with pre-operative assessment nurses in the departments of orthopaedics and general surgery of an NHS trust (N= 8). Audio-taped group discussions were transcribed, and the data coded and analysed to identify themesFindingsThe general surgical nurse group generally supported each other’s views and comments. They were enthused about the passport throughout. In contrast, the orthopaedic specialist nurse group had initial reservations about implementing the passport, but as the focus group unfolded, they moved from sharing individual views to finding commonalities and became more engaged and motivated to use the passport.ConclusionFocus groups are a practical and efficient tool to conduct within the usual working environment of an NHS hospital. In addition to capturing information about the challenges to implementation they may serve as a crucial implementation tool where evidence-based practice has not been adopted.ImpactThis is the first study carried out in the NHS setting highlighting the benefit of focus groups as a practical implementation tool.
Overhydration and low serum prealbumin predict peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Quy Quyen Dao Bui , Huy Tuan Pham Ngoc , Duc Loc Nguyen , Van My Pham , Huu Dung Nguyen , Duy Toan Nguyen , Viet Tien Tran , Do Quyet , Viet Thang Le 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In this study, we focused on the role of overhydration (OH) and low serum prealbumin concentration in predicting peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients over a 3-year period.Methods: We measured serum prealbumin concentration and OH by body composition monitor in 278 CAPD patients (159 males and 119 females) with a mean age of 46 years and a median peritoneal dialysis (PD) duration of 21 months. Cases of PD-related peritonitis were collected over 3 years.Results: After the 3-year follow-up, 44 patients were diagnosed with PD-related peritonitis (15.8%). Low education, serum albumin, and prealbumin, as well as high high-sensitivity C- Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) and OH, were independent risk factors for predicting peritonitis over 36 months in CAPD patients. Based on the ROC curve model and Kaplan-Meier analysis, we realized that low prealbumin and high OH were independent predictors of 3-year peritonitis in CAPD patients (Prealbumin: AUC = 0.838, cut-off value = 32.5 mg/dL, Se= 90.9%, Sp = 32.9%; OH: AUC = 0.851, cut-off value = 1.33 L, Se = 79.5%, Sp = 85.5%; and log-rank test p < 0.001, respectively).Conclusion: Overhydration and low serum prealbumin were the independent predictors of PD-related peritonitis in CAPD patients.
IL-19 Induced by IL-13/IL-17A in the Nasal Epithelium of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis Upregulates MMP-9 Expression via ERK/NF-kB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Xia , Huang Jiancong , Chen Xiaohong , Lai Xiaoping , Huang Zizhen , Li Yue , Li Shuaixiang , Chang Lihong , Zhang Gehua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Tissue remodeling is a crucial characteristic of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is crucial for the pathologic tissue remodeling in CRS. Elevation of interleukin (IL)-19 or MMP-9 levels in patients with CRS had been proven in previous studies. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of IL-19 in mediating MMP-9 expression in CRS. Methods: Nasal tissue samples were collected from 45 individuals having chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), 24CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and 17 controls. Expression of IL-19, its receptors (IL-20R1/IL-20R2), and MMP-9 were investigated using RT-qPCR and Immunofluorescence. Human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were stimulated by IL-19; ERK phosphorylation, NF-kB pathway activation, and MMP-9 level were detected by RT-qPCR, ELISA, western blot and Immunofluorescence. We also explored the effect of type1/2/3 cytokines on IL-19 production by RT-qPCR, and western blot. Results: Expression levels of IL-19, its receptors (IL-20R1/IL-20R2), and MMP-9 were increased in nasal tissues from individuals with CRSwNP compared to those with CRSsNP as well as the controls. IL-19 significantly elevated the production of MMP-9 in HNECs. Furthermore, IL-19 could activate the ERK and NF-kB pathways, accompanied by increased MMP-9 production in HNECs. Conversely, both ERK and NF-kB inhibitors significantly attenuated the role of IL-19 in MMP-9 production. siRNA knockdown of IL-20R1 suppressed ERK and NF-kB pathway activation, thereby decreasing MMP-9 expression. IL-13 and IL-17A were found to stimulate IL-19 production in HNECs.Conclusion: IL-19, promoted by IL-13 and IL-17A, contributes to the upregulation of secretion of the tissue remodeling factor MMP-9 in patients with CRS.
Investigation of the role of AcTPR2 in kiwifruit and its response to Botrytis cinerea infection
Authors: Li Zhexin , Lan Jian-Bin , Liu Yi-Qing , Qi Li-Wang , Tang Jianmin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of kiwifruit response to gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea can provide the basis for its molecular breeding to impart resistance against this disease. In this study, 'Hongyang' kiwifruit served as the experimental material; the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPR) co-repressor gene AcTPR2 was cloned into a pTRV2 vector (AcTPR2-TRV) and the virus-induced gene silencing technique was used to establish the functions of the AcTPR2 gene in kiwifruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea.Results: Virus-induced silencing of AcTPR2 enhanced the susceptibility of kiwifruit to Botrytis cinerea. Defensive enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and endogenous phytohormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA) were detected. Kiwifruit activated these enzymes and endogenous phytohormones in response to pathogen-induced stress and injury. The expression levels of the IAA signaling genes—AcNIT, AcARF1, and AcARF2—were higher in the AcTPR2-TRV treatment group than in the control. The IAA levels were higher and the rot phenotype was more severe in AcTPR2-TRV kiwifruits than that in the control. These results suggested that AcTPR2 downregulation promotes expression of IAA and IAA signaling genes and accelerates postharvest kiwifruit senescence. Further, Botrytis cinerea dramatically upregulated AcTPR2, indicating that AcTPR2 augments kiwifruit defense against pathogens by downregulating the IAA and IAA signaling genes.Conclusions: The results of the present study could help clarify the regulatory mechanisms of disease resistance in kiwifruit and furnish genetic resources for molecular breeding of kiwifruit disease resistance.