bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A “DUC Hunt” In Canada Reflects the Engineer’s Will To Evolve
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: November 2020

Two weeks. 13 bootcamps. 150 participants. Over 10,000 oil and gas wells represented in the form of more than 1 million lines of data.
These were the key ingredients to a recent upstream-focused datathon - a data-intensive version of a hackathon - in which a group of petrotechnicals calling themselves the “Mighty DUC Hunters” claimed top honors.
Albeit on a small scale, their path to victory highlights how some engineers are navigating the uncertainty surrounding an industry downturn that is being dictated by a global pandemic.
Named after the shale sector’s fluctuating population of drilled-but-uncompleted wells, or DUCs, the “DUC Datathon” was organized by the SPE Calgary section and Untapped Energy, another nonprofit working to expand data science within the oil and gas business.
And while hosted in Calgary, the event drew people from around the world since every aspect of it was held virtually. Such is the norm these days, but perhaps not to be taken for granted.
The once full-time office workers who now must work together but separately from home do so in an effective manner thanks to widely available and often free software that keeps us all connected. Likewise, the ability to acquire basic data science skills today requires only a good internet connection and a strong personal commitment.
High-Resolution Wellbore Tortuosity Logs Improve Completion and Production Equipment Placement
Authors: Shoup Rob , Boltz Justin , Forrester Stephen 
Published: November 2020

Wellbore tortuosity is a term that has steadily increased in relevance to the oil and gas industry over the past decade, but its importance is especially clear in the current environment. The convergence of several major global events - the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and persistent weakness in commodity pricing - combined with the industry’s general attitude toward rate of penetration as the performance driver is leading to wells of inferior quality being drilled. The issue of wellbore quality is exacerbated by the division among drilling, completions, and production as functional disciplines, leading to dramatically different objectives and methods of quantifying success in each project phase. In wells with high tortuosity, the drilling process and drilling efficiency are affected, as well as the effectiveness of the completions and production equipment in achieving reservoir return rates.
Defining wellbore tortuosity in relevant areas, such as openhole wellbores, production tubing, or casing, is often a very difficult task; historically, it has been a technical area fraught with challenges and misunderstandings. Though metrics designed to analyze wellbore tortuosity were developed in the past several decades, these generally relied on using the calculated dogleg of the wellbore every 95 ft. While such technologies were used with limited success, the received information lacked the precision and granularity necessary to explain the true difficulties of running and operating equipment in the well. Innovation was necessary.
One such innovation is a system from Gyrodata that generates wellbore tortuosity logs in conjunction with a gyroscopic surveying tool or with another service that provides comparable data. The system defines reference lines for the wellbore path based on survey data and determines displacements of the wellbore path from the reference lines. Through a series of calculations based on this information, the wellbore shape can be represented and visualized in 3D, allowing an operator to make critical decisions on well development and placement for artificial lift and other equipment in line with areas of low tortuosity. By collecting high-resolution data at 1-ft intervals vs. the standard stand-length intervals of measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tools, the technology reveals areas of high sideloading forces and high friction that would otherwise be invisible. This allows improved rod-guide placement, reducing or eliminating casing (tubing) damage and necessary workovers. Also, the technology allows identification of areas of low tortuosity, thereby reducing premature failures, increasing equipment life, and mitigating cable damage while setting the electrical submersible pump (ESP).
Clearing the Digital Minefield for Optimized Oilfield Production
Authors: Nelson Andy 
Published: November 2020

The success of any digital oilfield project is predicated on the quality of the data structure, acquisition, communication, validation, storage, retrieval, and provenance of the data. Therefore, the mission of the digital oilfield architect is clear: Deliver the right data to the right users at the right time.
This task is becoming more difficult because of the sheer variety of sensors, the multitude of data formats, challenges with data communication and synchronization, and the potentially large volume of data produced. While the advent of data analytics has increased the importance of designing fast and efficient data management systems, it is a multifaceted minefield to gather and process data to ensure production is optimized and risk is minimized in both conventional and unconventional operating environments.
Neural Networks Help Classify Reservoirs by Recognizing Cuttings Lithologies
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: November 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 196675, “Visual Recognition of Drill-Cuttings Lithologies Using Convolutional Neural Networks To Aid Reservoir Characterization,” by Muhammad Kathrada, SPE, and Benjamin Jacob Adillah, Petronas, prepared for the 2019 SPE Reservoir Characterization and Simulation Conference and Exhibition, Abu Dhabi, 17-19 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Drill cuttings and core images often present classification problems. Development of an unbiased objective system that can overcome the various issues creating these difficulties is an important goal. Advances during the past decade in using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for visual recognition of discriminately different objects means that now object recognition can be achieved to a significant extent. The benefit of such a system would be improvement of reservoir understanding by having all available images classified in a consistent manner, thus keeping characterization consistent as well.
Technologies and Practices Push ERD Safe Operating Envelope, Reap Savings Offshore
Authors: Feder Judy 
Published: November 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 197123, “Technologies and Practices to Push the Extended-Reach-Drilling Envelope Within Existing Constraints,” by Phalgun Paila, SPE, Baker Hughes; Rudra Pratap Singh, ADNOC; and Kashif Abid, SPE, Baker Hughes, prepared for the 2019 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 11-14 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Optimizing resources and pushing drilling limits to tap into deeper reservoirs at minimal cost is a primary objective of operators worldwide. The complete paper describes an offshore artificial island project northwest of Abu Dhabi in which drilling limits were extended continually by adopting new technologies and practices in an extended-reach-drilling (ERD) campaign. The project drilled longer wells at lower cost. The approach has resulted in drilling and completion of wells comfortably within the equipment-rating envelope and is considered a benchmark for nearby fields in the region.
Study Models Onset of Liquid Loading in Large-Diameter Deviated Gas Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: November 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 196130, “Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Onset of Liquid Accumulation in Large-Diameter Deviated Gas Wells,” by Ayush Rastogi and Yilin Fan, SPE, Colorado School of Mines, prepared for the 2019 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Calgary, 30 September-2 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Multiple challenges related to liquid loading have been observed during flowback after hydraulic fracturing and during the production phase. These challenges are further aggravated by high-inclination angles found in deviated wellbores. The complete paper describes an experimental study performed to investigate the onset of liquid loading in a 6-in. production casing at various inclination angles. A unified mechanism model for the onset of liquid loading is developed for a large-diameter production casing.
Technology Focus: Flow Assurance (November 2020)
Authors: Dino Galen 
Published: November 2020

Acknowledging the serious and substantial health and business effects of COVID‑19, I sincerely hope that all JPT readers and your families, peers, and employers are safe and healthy as they read this Flow Assurance Technology Focus.
During my 20‑plus years of project experience around the world - in both onshore unconventional and offshore conventional production facilities - I have seen how flow‑assurance effects from slug‑flow design and engineering, operations, and maintenance concerns have created challenging technical issues needing safe, economical solutions. The recurring long‑term mitigation of slugging and various flow‑assurance phenomena are challenging issues that demand attention and considerable technical effort. The three papers outlined here discuss slightly different issues and approaches to slug‑flow phenomena and oil/gas fluid production flow assurance. All three have been defined by mathematical modeling and verified with actual field confirmation and use.
Paper IPTC 19769 addresses pseudo‑slug flow, characterized by short, frothy chaotic slugs with velocities less than the mixture velocity of the flowing fluids and frequently observed in pipeline and riser systems. Specifically, the paper discusses liquid and gas entrainment mechanisms within the pseudoslug body on the basis of experimental observation. Earlier experimental results show the proposed dimensionless groups, Stokes, slippage, and Poiseuille, are strongly correlated to pseudoslug‑body liquid‑holdup experimental data that describe the observed physical behavior. A linearized regression model was developed that combines the liquid holdup proportionally in both the pseudoslug body regions and correlates them to the experimentally measured total pseudoslug liquid holdup. A validation study of the proposed model with experimental data shows good agreement.
Machine-Learning-Assisted Approach Analyzes Slug-Flow Root Cause
Authors: Feder Judy 
Published: November 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper OTC 29925, “Slug-Flow Root-Cause Analysis: A Data-Driven Approach,” by Anders T. Sandnes, Vidar Uglane, and Bjarne Grimstad, Solution Seeker, prepared for the 2019 Offshore Technology Conference Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 29-31 October 2019. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2019 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
The complete paper discusses the successful application of a data-driven approach to analyze production data and identify root causes of slugging in a subsea production system on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The approach used machine-learning techniques to model and analyze historical production data to identify the drivers behind slug flow. The results were used in combination with simulator studies and engineering experience to create a better understanding of the underlying root cause and to make it easier for field engineers to leverage all available information to reduce slugging and optimize production.
Tannin-Based Extracts of Mimosa Tenuiflora Bark: Features and Prospecting as Wood Adhesives
Authors: Lopes Pedro Jorge Goes , Calegari Leandro , Silva Wagner Alex De Medeiros , Gatto Darci Alberto , Neto Pedro Nicó De Medeiros , De Melo Rafael Rodolfo , Bakke Ivonete Alves , Delucis Rafael , Missio André Luiz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) (MT) Poir. is an underutilized plant specie since its wood is mostly used for energy production. Nonetheless, the bark from this forest plant has a high amount of tannins and other valuable compounds. Tannins have high worldwide importance and, because of that, there is an increasing number of researches on biorefinery systems aiming at maximizing their exploitation. The present study evaluated tannins extracted from the MT bark and their use for producing wood adhesives. Three types of powdered tannins were extracted using different solvents: a pure aqueous solution, a 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution, and a 5% sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) aqueous solution. Also, distilled water, wheat flour, and formaldehyde were used as a solvent, a glue extender, and a catalyst, respectively. These adhesives were applied for bonding pine wood joints and their shear strengths were determined. All the MT-based adhesives showed high viscosities and, if compared to each other, yielded glue lines with similar shear strengths and similar shear deformations. That tannin-based glue incorporated with the tannin extracted using NaOH/NaHSO3 stood out and yielded a similar bonding performance compared to a commercial adhesive applied as a positive control.
Involuntary Markers of Saliency and Surprise Revealed by Oculomotor Inhibition in Response to Auditory Sequences
Authors: Kadosh Oren , Bonneh Yoram 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Our eyes move constantly but are often inhibited momentarily in response to external stimuli. The properties of this Oculomotor-Inhibition (OMI) depend on the stimulus saliency, anticipation, and attention. Previous studies have shown prolonged saccadic inhibition for auditory oddballs; however, they required active counting of the oddballs. Here we investigated whether the OMI response to auditory deviants can provide a quantitative measure of deviance strength (auditory pitch difference) and investigated its dependence on the Inter-Stimulus Interval (ISI), without requesting a voluntary attention to the deviant stimulus. Observers fixated on a central fixation stimulus and passively listened to repeated short sequences of pure tones that contained a deviant tone either regularly or with 20% probability (the Oddball paradigm). The results showed, as in previous studies, prolonged microsaccade inhibition following the deviant tone. Moreover, the inhibition onset latency was shorter in proportion to the pitch deviance (the saliency effect) and the release was significantly longer for rare deviants (the surprise effect) as long as the ISI was short (<2.5s). Taken together, these results suggest that OMI provides involuntary markers of saliency and surprise, which can be obtained without the observer’s response.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Antibody Responses in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu, Korea
Authors: Kim Yu Kyung , Minn Dohsik , Yoo Eun-Hyung , Park Mikyoung , Lee Jae Hee , Ha Jung-Sook , Ham Ji Yeon , Chang Soon Hee , Lee Hyun Chul , Suh Jang Soo , Jeon Chang-Ho , Kim Do-Hoon , Park Sunggyun , Lee Nan Young , Song Kyung Eun , Kim Soohyun , Kim Tae Yeob , Kim Sang-Gyung 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) started to spread in Daegu from the end of February 2020. IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with moderate to severe symptoms to improve the understanding of antibody responses.Methods: We enrolled 312 patients with COVID-19 admitted to seven hospitals located in Daegu. Using serum (or plasma) samples from patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, both IgG and IgM antibodies were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (R-FIND COVID-19 ELISA, SG medical, Seoul, Korea). Results: The median value from the initial diagnosis by confirming SARS-CoV-2 PCR to the sampling date was 24 days (day -1 to 88). The total positive rate of IgG was 93.9% and the positive IgM rate was 39.4%, without considering the elapsed period after diagnosis. Positive IgG and IgM rates were highest at 100.0% and 59.0% in 3 weeks (15–21 days), respectively. IgG showed a high positive rate of 79.3% even within 7 days after the initial diagnosis of the disease and maintained a positive rate of 97.8% until after 8 weeks. Conclusions: Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, IgG was detected from the beginning of the diagnosis and persisted for an extended time period.
Novel Liquid Mycofungicide: An Ideal Approach in Protecting Tomato from the Damping-off Disease in Nursery
Authors: Kumhar Kishor , Kumar Kuldeep , Arora Indu , Bhatia Arun Kumar , Batra Vinod Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: A novel liquid formulation of Trichoderma asperellum was prepared and its effectiveness was assessed by different methods for the management of tomato damping-off in the nursery. The experiments were conducted for two consecutive years in a randomized block design with three replications. Results: T. asperellum formulation improved seed germination and management of tomato damping-off when compared with control. All the treatments performed better over control, in the first year, the antagonist’s application enhanced seed germination up to 75.75 percent, however, it was 60.13 percent in control. There was 10.93 to 20.38 percent seedling mortality due to damping off which was comparatively lower than the control (26.98%). A similar trend of seed germination and disease incidence was observed in the second year. In addition to managing the disease, the antagonist certainly promoted the vegetative growth which was reflected as increased shoot and root length in comparison to control during both years. During the first year, shoot length ranged 10.90 – 12.85 cm as compared to the control (8.72 cm) and root length ranged from 3.21 to 3.65 cm which was greater than the control. Almost a similar trend in the vegetative growth parameters of seedling was observed during the second year. Conclusion: The present investigation showed that the tested antagonist’s formulation could efficiently managed the tomato damping-off as well as encouraged the vegetative growth of seedlings which ultimately ensured better and healthy seedling. And this formulation can successefully used through different methods to take care of tomato damping off.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome Triggered by Surgery in Chinese population: Towards a Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Gong Qiaoyu , Liu Shuping , Liu Yin , Yao Jiajia , Fu Xiujuan , Xiao Zheman , Lu Zuneng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSurgery is described as a potential trigger of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The present study was designed to explore the clinical feature of post-surgical GBS compared with those of general GBS, to give better clinical advice to patients undergoing surgery. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed medical records of GBS patients in 31 representative tertiary hospitals, located in 14 provinces in southern China, between 1 January 2013 and 30 September 2016. Post-surgical GBS was defined as symptoms of GBS within 6 weeks after surgery. We described clinical feature of post-surgical GBS, and assessed the difference between post-surgical GBS and the general GBS.ResultsOf the 1001 GBS patients enrolled, 45 patients (4.5%) had undergone surgery within 6 weeks before GBS symptom onset. Among them, 36 patients (80.0%) developed initial symptoms of limb weakness. The average interval between surgery and symptom onset was 13.31 days. The most common type of surgery triggering GBS was orthopedic surgery, followed by neurological surgery. Compared to the general GBS, post-surgical GBS was characterized by higher proportion of severe patients (HFGS ≥3) on admission and at nadir, higher HFGS score at discharge, and longer hospital stays. Besides, the post-surgical GBS patients had a significantly higher frequency of the subtype of AMAN (37.9 vs 14.2, P=0.001).ConclusionSurgery was a potential trigger factor for GBS, especially in orthopedic surgery. The clinical presentation of postsurgical GBS was characterized by a more severe course and poorer prognosis. Clinical trial registrationchicTR-RRc-17014152.
Membrane MOT: Trapping Dense Cold Atoms in a Sub-Millimeter Diameter Hole of a Microfabricated Membrane Device
Authors: Lee Jongmin , Biedermann Grant , Mudrick John , Douglas Erica , Jau Yuan-Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a demonstration of keeping a cold-atom ensemble within a sub-millimeter diameter hole in a transparent membrane.Based on the effective beam diameter of the magneto-optical trap (MOT) given by the hole diameter (d = 400 μm), we measurean atom number that is 105 times higher than the predicted value using the conventional d6 scaling rule. Atoms trapped bythe membrane MOT are cooled down to 10 μK with sub-Doppler cooling. Such a device can be potentially coupled to thephotonic/electronic integrated circuits that can be fabricated in the membrane device representing a step toward the atom trapintegrated platform.
Gender differences in the relationships between housework and metabolic markers: a longitudinal cohort study in China
Authors: Wang Xiao-qin , Ren Xiao-han , Kou Wen-jing , Li Yang , Hui Zhao-zhao , Sun Jia-ru , Wang Ming-xu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome has become a major health threat of the world, there are few studies focused on the effects of housework on human metabolism. The aims of this study were to explore the associations between housework and metabolic markers, and to examine whether there are gender differences in the relationships of housework intensity on metabolic markers.Methods: Using data of 2,624 participants were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between housework and metabolic markers (triglyceride, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin, blood glucose, cholesterol and blood pressure), with adjusting for the covariates.Results: No associations were observed between housework and metabolic markers for men. Women who engaged housework had a higher risk of triglycerides than non-housework (OR=1.16, 95%CI:1.16-4.25). Compared with the low-intensity, women with moderate- and high-intensity had a higher risk of triglycerides (OR=1.78, 95%CI:1.14-2.78; OR=1.91, 95%CI: 1.22-2.98), MetS (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 0.98-2.43; OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.07-2.66), pre-hypertension (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.08-2.62; OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.04-2.55) and overweight (OR=1.65, 95%CI: 1.01-2.70; OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.01-2.72).Conclusion: Housework was associated with high levels of women’s metabolic markers such as triglycerides, MetS and pre-hypertension, and there were gender differences between the associations of housework intensity and metabolism markers. This may be a mechanism through which housework was associated with metabolic diseases.