bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of prognosis‐related methylated sites in breast carcinoma
Authors: Li Jia , Li Xinzheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundBreast carcinoma has become a nonnegligible public health problem in China with its increasing incidence and mortality in woman. As a early event regulating tumorigenesis and development, DNA methylation became one of the focuses of current carcinoma researches on potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.MethodsIn this study, we comprehensively analyzed the gene expression data and DNA methylation data of breast carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues samples in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Influences of tumor stage, adjuvant therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy on CpG methylation level were explored by linear regression analysis. Correlations between methylation and gene expression levels were determined by spearman rank correlation analysis. Log‐rank test was applied for determining significance of associations between CpG sites methylation level and breast cancer patients' Kaplan–Meier survival.ResultsA total of 229 CpG sites were found to be significantly associated with tumor stage or treatment, and eight of which were potential markers that affect the survival of breast carcinoma and negatively correlated with their genes' expression levels.ConclusionsWe reported eight CpG sites as potential breast cancer prognosis signatures through comprehensively analyzed gene expression and DNA methylation datasets, and excluding influences of tumor stage and treatment. This should be helpful for breast cancer early diagnosis and treatment.
Cough stress tests to diagnose stress urinary incontinence in women with pelvic organ prolapse with indication for surgical treatment
Authors: Espuña‐Pons Montserrat , Diez‐Itza Irene , Anglès‐Acedo Sònia , Covernton Patrick J. O. ,   on behalf of GISPEM group
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the diagnostic ability of different cough stress tests (CSTs) in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP), performed during outpatient urogynaecological exams.MethodsProspective, multicentre observational study involving women on waiting lists for POP surgery. With a subjectively full bladder, patients were asked to perform five different CSTs: without prolapse reduction ([a] standing, followed by [b] semilithotomy position); keeping semilithotomy position with prolapse reduced (by [c] posterior speculum, followed by [d] pessary); [e] standing again with the pessary in place. Primary outcome was positive CST in at least one of the five CSTs. Bladder volume was measured and symptoms of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were detected by two validated questionnaires.ResultsA total of 297 women completed all CSTs and were included in the analyses. Mean (SD) age, parity, and body mass index were 64.8 (9.9) years, 2.7 (1.3) deliveries, and 26.6 (3.4) kg/m2, respectively. In total, 99 women (33.3%) reported SUI symptoms. At least one positive CST was recorded in 152 patients (51.1%), and in 90 (59.2%) of these 152, a positive CST was observed only when POP was reduced (occult SUI). The CST was positive in 92 (92.9%) of the 99 patients with coexisting SUI symptoms and in 60 (30.3%) of the 205 asymptomatic patients. The percentage of patients with a positive CST was significantly lower when bladder volume was <200 mL vs ≥200 mL (P = .046).ConclusionsThe identification of urinary leakage cases with CSTs is best achieved using multiple different patient positions, different prolapse reduction methods, and bladder volumes ≥200 mL.
Urethral dysfunction and therapeutic effects of a PDE 5 inhibitor (tadalafil) in a rat model of detrusor underactivity induced by pelvic nerve crush injury
Authors: Takaoka Ei‐Ichiro , Kurobe Masahiro , Suzuki Takahisa , Shimizu Nobutaka , Kwon Joonbeom , Okada Hiroki , Yoshimura Naoki , Chermansky Christopher J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsThe urethral dysfunction produced by a rat model of peripheral neurogenic detrusor underactivity (DU) using pelvic nerve crush (PNC) injury was characterized and then tested with the administration of tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE 5) inhibitor.MethodsTen days after producing PNC rats, awake cystometrograms (CMGs) and isovolumetric cystometrograms with urethral perfusion pressure (IC‐UPP) measurements were performed. Also, in control rats, IC‐UPP was recorded before and after intravenous atropine administration to determine if the reduction of bladder contraction pressure affects urethral relaxation during voiding. Then, CMG and IC‐UPP measurements in PNC rats were recorded after intravenous administration of tadalafil. Lastly, real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure transcript levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthases (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthases, and PDE 5 in urethral specimens from PNC and control rats.ResultsPNC rats demonstrated the characteristics of DU in CMG. Also, PNC rats exhibited significant decreases in isovolumetric bladder contraction amplitudes and urethral relaxation. Atropine attenuated the amplitude of isovolumetric bladder contractions; however, atropine did not affect urethral relaxation in control rats. Tadalafil decreased postvoid residual and increased voiding efficiency without changing bladder contraction amplitude in PNC rats. Also, tadalafil improved the amplitude of urethral relaxation during bladder contraction in PNC rats. Urethral nNOS transcript levels were upregulated in PNC rats compared to control rats.ConclusionsPNC rats revealed both DU and impaired urethral relaxation. PDE 5 inhibition in PNC rats enhanced urethral relaxation during voiding, resulting in improved voiding efficiency. Thus, urethral dysfunction could be a potential target for the treatment of inefficient voiding associated with neurogenic DU.
A proactive defense method for the stealthy EDoS attacks in a cloud environment
Authors: Agrawal Neha , Tapaswi Shashikala 
Published: February 2020

SummaryCloud computing technology provides flexibility to Cloud Service Provider (CSP) for providing the cloud resources based on the users' requirements. In on‐demand pricing model, the attackers exploit this feature and cause unwanted scaling‐up of the cloud resources without any intent to pay for them. The associated cost for the unpaid malicious usage burdens the CSP, and over a long period, economic losses occur at the CSP end. Thus, the resources and services offered by the CSP become unsustainable, and the attack is termed as Economic Denial‐of‐Sustainability (EDoS) attack. The existing defense approaches for EDoS attacks are reactive. Thus, the associated attack detection/mitigation cost is high; consequently, the approaches are not suitable for the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The aim of this paper is to detect and mitigate, internal and external, stealthy EDoS attacks proactively. The attack is detected using average CPU utilization threshold and utility function (in terms of cost for the utilized cloud computing resources) and mitigated using virtual firewalls. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The proposed approach accurately detects the EDoS attack and mitigates its effect as well with reduced cost. It is observed that the approach provides competitive response time, victim service downtime, and attack reporting time. Thus, the overall performance is improved.
The evolution of interorganizational trust in cross‐sector collaborations: Two comparative cases from China
Authors: Tu Wen , Xu Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study views interorganizational trust as a dynamic process and examines it in two cross‐sector collaborations in community development. Based on in‐depth case study, we conceptualize the evolution of interorganizational trust into four distinct stages: initial propensity, boundary spanning, diffusion and normalization. The findings show that sustainable cross‐sector collaboration requires the full evolution of interorganizational trust. The findings also highlight the importance of internal motivation and the participation of third parties. In addition, while formal rules contribute to rational trust, informal rules arising from interactive experiences can complement formal rules and promote emotional trust.
Examination of the influence of cedar fragrance on cognitive function and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Alzheimer type dementia
Authors: Takahashi Yuya , Shindo Sho , Kanbayashi Takashi , Takeshima Masahiro , Imanishi Aya , Mishima Kazuo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe examined whether symptoms of dementia are improved by olfactory nerve stimulation in Alzheimer type dementia patients. First, a stick‐type olfactory identification ability test was performed in patients with Alzheimer type dementia, to select patients without olfactory dysfunctions. Then, these patients were randomly assigned into the intervention (n = 19) and the control groups (n = 17). To evaluate the effects of olfactory nerve stimulation, we exposed the intervention group to a disinfecting ethanol with added aroma extracts from ceder and the control group to the ethanol without the added aroma extracts. Each group underwent the intervention for 8 weeks, cognitive and behavioral functions were evaluated before and after treatments using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), the Japanese version of Zarit Caregiver Burden interview (J‐ZBI), and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐cognitive subscale (ADAS‐cog). A significant improvement was observed in the NPI score and J‐ZBI in the intervention group compared to the control group at 4 and 8 weeks. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the score of ADAS‐cog. Exposure to cedar fragrance improved behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Alzheimer type dementia and may reduce the burden of nursing care. In addition to its effectiveness, the procedure is simple and minimally invasive and would be a valuable non‐pharmaceutical treatment.
Evolution of a prenatal genetic clinic—A 10‐year cohort study
Authors: Mone Fionnuala , O'Connor Clare , Hamilton Susan , Quinlan‐Jones Elizabeth , Allen Stephanie , Marton Tamas , Williams Denise , Kilby Mark D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOBJECTIVETo (a) evaluate the proportion of women where a unifying genetic diagnosis was obtained following assessment of an observed pattern of fetal anomalies and (b) assess trends in genetic testing in a joint fetal‐medicine genetic clinic.METHODRetrospective cohort study of all women attending the clinic. Outcomes included (a) indication for referral, (b) genetic test performed and (c) diagnoses obtained.RESULTSFrom 2008 to 2019, 256 patients were referred and reviewed, of which 23% (n = 59) were consanguineous. The main indication for referral was the observed pattern of fetal anomalies. Over 10 years, the number of patients reviewed increased from 11 to 35 per annum. A unifying genetic diagnosis was obtained in 43.2% (n = 79/183), the majority of which were diagnosed prenatally (50.6% [n = 40/79]). The main investigation(s) that was the ultimate diagnostic test was targeted gene panel sequencing 34.2% (n = 27/79), with this and exome sequencing becoming the dominant genetic test by 2019. Pregnancies reviewed due to an abnormal karyotype or microarray decreased as an indication for referral during the study period (21.6% [n = 16/74] 2008‐2012 vs 16.5% [n = 30/182] in 2012‐2019).CONCLUSIONA prenatal genetic clinic with a structured multi‐disciplinary team approach may be successful in obtaining a unifying prenatal genetic diagnosis.
Agenesis of the septum pellucidum: Prenatal diagnosis and outcome
Authors: Borkowski‐Tillman Tamar , Garcia‐Rodriguez Raquel , Viñals Fernando , Branco Miguel , Kradjen‐Haratz Karina , Ben‐Sira Liat , Lerman‐Sagie Tally , Malinger Gustavo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to describe the imaging findings in a group of fetuses with suspected agenesis of the septum pellucidum (ASP) and to evaluate their clinical outcome.MethodsThis is a retrospective multicenter study on a cohort of fetuses diagnosed with suspected ASP, between 2008 and 2017. The records of each patient, including ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance studies, were reviewed and compared with the postnatal findings.ResultsForty‐seven patients were included in the study at a mean gestational age of 26.6 weeks. In 17 patients, the ASP was considered isolated. Fourteen patients delivered live‐born, and all 14 are developing normally. Three were lost to follow‐up. Twenty‐four patients had associated malformations involving the central nervous system (CNS); 13 were delivered (normal development [5], abnormal [6] and no follow‐up [2]). Nine patients opted for termination, and two pregnancies were lost to follow‐up.Six patients had non‐CNS associated findings, two were delivered with normal neurological development and four had a termination.ConclusionsIsolated ASP is usually associated with a favorable outcome; but in the presence of associated malformations, there is at least a 50% risk of abnormal development. Current imaging techniques can provide an accurate prognosis in cases when ASP appears isolated.
Controversies in antenatal corticosteroid treatment
Authors: Thevathasan Iniyaval , Said Joanne M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAntenatal corticosteroids are now established as one of the cornerstones of therapy in the prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality prior to preterm birth. Although this practice is widely accepted, a significant number of controversies exist. This review explores the knowledge gaps regarding the use of antenatal corticosteroids in the preterm, late preterm and term populations. Furthermore, the role of antenatal corticosteroids in special populations, such as diabetes, multiple pregnancies and periviable gestations, where high‐quality data from randomized controlled trials are lacking, is also considered.
First‐trimester sonographic diagnosis of sirenomelia: A multicenter series of 12 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Sepulveda Waldo , Bornstein Eran , Andreeva Elena , Montano Ignacio , Gutierrez Jorge , Martinez‐Ten Pilar , Meagher Simon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the key sonographic features for the diagnosis of sirenomelia in the first trimester of pregnancy.MethodsCases of sirenomelia from several prenatal diagnosis centers were retrospectively identified and reviewed. The diagnosis was established through the detection of fused lower limbs. Additional sonographic findings were also noted.ResultsA total of 12 cases were collected. The most striking sonographic finding was the detection of malformed lower limbs, which appeared to be fused and in an atypical position. Nuchal translucency thickness was mildly increased in three cases (25%). An abdominal cyst, representing the dilated blind‐ending bowel, was noted in seven cases (58%). Color flow imaging detected a single umbilical artery in six cases (50%) and the associated intra‐abdominal vascular anomalies in three cases (25%). No cases of aneuploidy were detected. The pregnancy was terminated in nine cases (75%) and intrauterine demise occurred in the remaining three cases (25%).ConclusionsThe sonographic detection of abnormal lower limbs or an intra‐abdominal cyst located laterally during the first‐trimester scan may be warning signs of sirenomelia. This should prompt a detailed examination of the fetal lower body and intra‐abdominal anatomy, including the main abdominal vessels, in order to look for additional confirmatory findings.
Exploring mechanisms of rapid automatized naming to arithmetic skills in Chinese primary schoolers
Authors: Wang Yiji , Ye Xiaolin , Deng Ciping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRapid automatized naming (RAN) is associated with children's arithmetic performance, which is multifactorial by nature and consists of arithmetic fluency, arithmetic procedure, and word problems. Yet, it is unclear whether RAN can predict all key aspects of arithmetic skills independently and what cognitive mechanisms may explain this relation. Using a sample of Chinese primary school students (N = 170), results showed that while RAN was associated with all key aspects of arithmetic skills, the relations of RAN–arithmetic procedure and RAN–word problems may be dependent on that of RAN–arithmetic fluency. Supporting the processing speed hypothesis, results further suggested that processing speed may underlie the relation between RAN and arithmetic performance. Findings made unique contribution to understanding the effect of RAN on arithmetic performance and cognitive mechanisms that may underpin this association in the context of Chinese culture.
A chewable pediatric preparation of ibuprofen is palatable and acceptable to children
Authors: Barnett Steven , Bhatt Aomesh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe development of palatable and acceptable analgesics for children is a major challenge. Given the majority of medications are administered orally, and children are more sensitive to and less tolerant of bitterness, novel “child‐friendly” preparations need to be developed and tested specifically in this patient population. This study investigated the palatability and acceptability of a therapeutic dose of ibuprofen in the form of soft chewable capsules in 100 healthy children aged 7‐12 years of age and the acceptability of this novel preparation to their caregivers. About 97% of children adhered to a full therapeutic age‐related dose, with 72% of these participants rating the preparation as acceptable on a hedonic facial scale. Despite 22% of children noting a “hot, spicy, or burning” sensation, consistent with known chemesthetic effects of ibuprofen, 83% of children confirmed they would take the medication in future, which rose to 87% in the context of future illness. In addition, after observing their children ingesting the medication, 92% of parents/guardians confirmed that they would be happy to administer this preparation of ibuprofen to their child if they were unwell. In conclusion, ibuprofen administered in the form of soft chewable capsules was palatable and acceptable to the majority of children and their parents/guardians and may provide a convenient and easy to dose preparation to reduce fever and relieve pain in children.
Amphiphilic water soluble cationic ring opening metathesis copolymer as an antibacterial agent
Authors: Islam Muhammad Nazrul , Aksu Burak , Güncü Mehmet , Gallei Markus , Tulu Metin , Eren Tarik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBacterial infection is a global problem, especially resistance acquired by bacteria against to antibiotics; there is urgent need for the development of antibiotics. Here, we proposed dendron‐grafted polymers via ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) featuring different with tailored hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and cationic charges. Dendritic oxanorbornene derivatives were synthesized having two and six carbon linkers and their corresponding random and block copolymers were prepared having pendant pyridinium salt moieties via ROMP. In total, 12 different water‐soluble dendronized cationic polymers featuring hexyl pyridinium moieties were prepared and investigated. Six carbon linker possessing triple charge density and hexyl pyridinium functionality each repeating unit copolymers exhibited high antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus). However, all the polymers were inactive against Gram‐negative bacteria (E. coli). Most of the copolymers are non‐hemolytic (>HC
50 = 1,000 μg/ml). It was also observed that, there is no significant effect between block copolymers and random copolymers keeping hydrophobicity and cationic charge density constant. Zeta potential was measured to investigate the mechanism in solution via the interaction of polymers with S. aureus, while scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements image confirms damage of the bacterial cell wall after implementation of biocidal polymer.
Composition‐dependent crystallization behavior of copolyperoxides from methyl methacrylate and 4‐vinylbenzyl stearate
Authors: Mete Sourav , Goswami Krishna Gopal , De Priyadarsi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo study the composition‐dependent crystallization behavior of copolyperoxides, herein a series of copolymers were prepared by varying the ratios of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 4‐vinylbenzyl stearate (VBS) under 100 psi oxygen pressure using AIBN as an initiator at 50°C in toluene. Both 13C NMR and electron impact mass spectroscopy (EI‐MS) approved an alternative placement of either of the monomer and peroxy (–O–O–) links throughout the polymer chain. Thermal stability of the resulting copolyperoxides was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the degradation fragments have been recognized from EI‐MS study. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) displayed an endothermic peak as well as an exotherm associated with the melting of the side chain crystalline domains and degradation of –O–O– links in the polymer main chain, respectively. Furthermore, DSC thermograms unveiled a systematic decrease of the crystalline melting temperature (Tm) with the enhancement of MMA content in the copolymers. Small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) revealed the existence of lamellar morphology (depends on VBS content in the copolyperoxide) in the synthesized polyperoxide materials, further supported by atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showing a layered fibrillar assembly with multiple heights of the lamella. The significant crystalline nature of the polyperoxides was further evidenced from the appearance of lattice fringes in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs. The crystalline morphology with birefringent texture was further evidenced from the polarized optical microscopy (POM) study. Thus, the present study reported the effective variation of crystalline behavior in copolyperoxide materials with the incorporation of MMA units in the copolyperoxide chains.
Assessing and responding to stress related to pulmonary function testing in cystic fibrosis through quality improvement
Authors: Nusbaum Kelsey , Filigno Stephanie S. , Feldstein Julie , Hente Elizabeth , Koch Elizabeth , Mullen Lisa , Weiland Jeanne , Boat Thomas , Siracusa Christopher 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary function tests (PFTs) are performed routinely to evaluate lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Staff at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center CF Center observed stress in patients before PFTs. An interdisciplinary quality improvement (QI) team was assembled to address this clinical issue.MethodsThe Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act method of QI was used to investigate feasibility of assessing stress and offering brief interventions to reduce stress before PFTs. Interventions included listening to music, covering the PFT screen, or doing breathing meditation before PFTs. Patients rated stress levels on a 1 to 5 Likert scale before and after testing.ResultsOf 75 patient encounters, interventions were trialed in 20. Fifteen patients who tried an intervention reported wanting to use the intervention again (five encounters had missing data); patients reported that the intervention benefited performance on PFTs in eight encounters (40%). The average pre‐PFT stress rating for encounters that trialed an intervention was 2.1 and post‐PFT rating was 2.0. Average stress pre‐PFT and post‐PFT ratings were 1.7 and 1.6 respectively, for encounters that did not trial an intervention. Median length of PFT encounter was 15  minutes regardless of whether intervention was trialed.ConclusionSome patients with CF utilized interventions, while many opted out. This QI effort identified feasible outpatient clinic interventions that did not negatively impact clinic flow. Finding ways to reduce stress associated with PFTs could have a meaningful impact on patient performance and emotional well‐being for a subset of patients.