bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three thousand year paleo-tsunami history of the southern part of the Japan Trench
Authors: Higaki Hokuto , Goto Kazuhisa , Yanagisawa Hideaki , Sugawara Daisuke , Ishizawa Takashi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study conducted a field survey and multiproxy analyses on sediment cores retrieved from the Kobatake-ike pond in Choshi City, Chiba prefecture, Japan. Kobatake-ike pond is located at a high elevation (i.e., 11 m above present-day sea level) and faces the southern part of the Japan Trench. Three sedimentological events were detected within the continuous mud and peat sequences of three thousand years. Based on the multi-proxy analyses, including mineralogical composition, diatom assemblages, and geochemical markers, these sedimentological events were associated with past tsunamis. The most recent event was a sandy layer from the AD 1677 Enpo tsunami, reported by an earlier study conducted in the pond. The estimated recurrence interval for tsunamis was approximately 700 years, comparable to that of the central part of the Japan Trench. The timing of at least two of three sedimentological events seems to have been close (i.e., intervals of few tens of years) before or after the occurrence of large earthquakes and tsunamis along the central part of the Japan Trench. This implies a possible spatiotemporal relation of earthquake generations between the central and southern parts of the Japan Trench, which can be associated with drastic changes in stress fields in the neighborhood of the rupture area. The risk of future large earthquakes and tsunamis along the southern part of the Japan Trench seems exceptionally high, considering the stress change caused by Tohoku-oki earthquake with 9.0 Mw in 2011. This study necessitates the need to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship of large earthquakes from the perspectives of geology, seismology, and history.
Strategies for increasing gait speed in patients with hip osteoarthritis: their clinical significance and effects on hip loading
Authors: Tateuchi Hiroshige , Akiyama Haruhiko , Goto Koji , So Kazutaka , Kuroda Yutaka , Ichihashi Noriaki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Changes in gait speed are required in various situations and can be achieved by changing stride length, cadence, or both. Differences in strategies for increasing gait speed may have different effects on hip joint and physical function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of strategies for increasing gait speed on hip pain, physical function, and changes in hip loading during gait in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA). We hypothesized that patients who increase gait speed mainly by increasing cadence would have lesser hip pain, a higher physical function, and a lower rate of increase in hip moments with increasing gait speed.Methods: Forty-seven patients with secondary hip OA (age, 48.3 ± 11.0 years) were included. Gait speed, stride length, cadence, and peak and impulse of the hip moments were measured during gait at self-selected normal and fast gait speeds. The patients were classified as types S (with mainly increasing stride length, n = 11 [23.4%]), C (with mainly increasing cadence, n = 23 [48.9%]), and SC (with increasing stride length and cadence, n = 13 [27.7%]) according to whether they used changes in stride length and/or cadence to transition from normal to fast gait. Hip pain, physical function, and hip moments changes during gait were compared between types.Results: The physical function was higher in types C (38.0 ± 8.8, P = 0.018) and SC (40.6 ± 8.5, P = 0.015) than in type S (28.2 ± 7.8), even after adjustment for age and minimum joint space width. Hip pain was not significantly different between types. The robustness of these results was confirmed with sensitivity analysis. The rates of increases in peak external hip adduction (P = 0.003) and internal rotation moments (P = 0.009) were lower in type C than in type SC.Conclusions: Type C tended to suppress the increase in hip moments during fast gait. Types C and SC, which included increased cadence, maintained higher physical function levels than type S. Encouraging the use of cadence-increasing strategy may be useful for reducing hip loading and maintaining physical function in patients with hip OA.
Effects of sevoflurane and propofol on the optic nerve sheath diameter in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery: A Randomized controlled clinical studies
Authors: Geng Weilian , Chen Changxing , Sun Xingfeng , Huang Shaoqiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The results of studies on changes in intracranial pressure in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery are inconsistent. Meanwhile, previous neurosurgery studies have suggested that propofol and sevoflurane have inconsistent effects on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular self-regulation. The purpose of this study is to compare changes in the optic nerve sheath diameter in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery under anesthetic maintenance with propofol versus sevoflurane. Methods This study included 110 patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery with an estimated operative time of more than 2 hours under general anesthesia. The study was a randomized controlled study. The optic nerve sheath diameter（ONSD）at various time points was measured by ultrasound, including when the patients entered the operating room (Tawake), after successful anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation (Tinduction), when the body position was adjusted to the Trendelenburg position and the CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressure reached 14 mmHg, which was recorded as T0. Then, measurements were conducted every 15 minutes for the first 1 hour and then once every hour until the end of the surgery（T15,T30,T45 ,T1h ,T2h…）, after the end of surgery and the tracheal tube was removed (Tend), and before the patients were transferred to the ward (Tpacu).Results A significant difference in optic nerve sheath diameter was found between two groups at T15, T30, T45 (4.64±0.48mm and 4.50±0.29mm, respectively, p=0.031;4.77±0.45mm and 4.62±0.28mm, respectively, p=0.036;4.84±0.46mm and 4.65±0.30mm, respectively, p=0.012), while there was no significant difference at Tawake and other time points. Conclusion During laparoscopic gynecological surgery lasting more than 2 hours, the optic nerve sheath diameter was slightly larger in the propofol group than that in the sevoflurane group in the first 45 minutes. No significant difference was observed between the two groups 1 hour after surgery. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov，NCT03498235. Retrospectively registered 1 March2018,https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0007UMM&selectaction=Edit&uid=U00040C5&ts=39&cx=c7i8icThe manuscript adheres to CONSORT guidelines.
Handwashing and disinfection precautions taken by U.S. adults to prevent coronavirus disease 2019, Spring 2020
Authors: Brown Laura , Hoover E. Rickamer , Barrett Catherine , Esschert Kayla L. Vanden , Collier Sarah , Garcia-Williams Amanda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives. The objectives of this study were to assess self-reported hygiene precautions taken by U.S. adults during spring 2020 to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to identify demographic characteristics associated with these hygiene precautions. Results. We obtained data from Porter Novelli Public Services’s national survey, Spring ConsumerStyles, conducted March 19 – April 9, 2020 among a nationally representative random sample of 6,463 U.S. adults aged 18 years or older. We present data from the survey question: “What, if any, precautions are you taking to prevent coronavirus?”. Respondents replied yes or no to the following precautions: washing hands often with soap and water and disinfecting surfaces at home and work often. Most respondents reported taking hygiene-related precautions to prevent COVID-19; more respondents reported handwashing (93%) than disinfecting surfaces (74%). Men, younger respondents, those with lower income and education levels, and respondents in self-rated poor health had lower reported rates of both handwashing and disinfecting surfaces. Communications about hygiene precautions for COVID-19 prevention may need to target sub-populations with the greatest gaps in hygiene-related practices. Research identifying barriers to these practices and developing effective messaging could inform and improve these communications.
Bioactive Peptides Originating from Gastrointestinal Endogenous Proteins in the Growing Pig: In Vivo Identification
Authors: Dave Lakshmi A. , Hayes Maria , Mora Leticia , Rutherfurd Shane M. , Montoya Carlos A. , Moughan Paul J. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Recent in silico and in vitro studies have shown that gastrointestinal endogenous proteins
(GEP) are a source of bioactive peptides. To date, however, the presence of such peptides in the lumen of
the digestive tract has not been demonstrated.

Objective:
We investigated the generation of GEP-derived bioactive peptides in the growing pig fed a proteinfree
diet.

Methods:
Stomach chyme (SC) and jejunal digesta (JD) fractions from 6 growing pigs (two sampling times)
were assessed for their angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-I; EC 3.4.15.1) inhibition, and antioxidant activity
using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and
microsomal lipid peroxidation (MLP) inhibition assays.

Results:
Two of the fractions prepared from JD samples inhibited ACE-I and DPPH by 81 (± 2.80)% and 94
(±0.66)%. SC fractions were found to inhibit MLP between 15-39 (±3.52-1.40)%. The study identified over 180
novel peptide sequences that were related to the determined bioactivities, including a porcine serum albuminderived
peptide (FAKTCVADESAENCDKS), corresponding to f(7-23) of the human serum albumin peptide
LVNEVTEFAKTCVADESAENCDKSLHTLF that was previously identified from the digests of the latter GEP.

Conclusions:
This study provides the first in vivo evidence for GEP as a source of bioactive peptides. These new
findings help advance our knowledge of the latent bioactive role of GEP-derived peptides in mammalian nutrition
and health and their potential pharmaceutical applications.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Ayala Juan C. , Grismaldo Adriana , Aristizabal-Pachon Andres F. , Mikhaylenko Elizaveta V. , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Mikhaleva Liudmila M. , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch , Morales Ludis 
Published: December 2020

Background:
In patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), mortality is high due to multiple
organ damage. Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired oxygen consumption, as causative mechanisms, play a
significant role in reducing the activity of immune cells in sepsis, resulting in the progression of the multiple
organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). The evaluation of mitochondrial function in critical care patients in the
immune cells, especially in lymphocytes, could reveal the target point that determines mitochondrial failure.

Objective:
To find the relationship between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production (mROS), mitochondrial
membrane potential (ΔΨm), and mitochondrial oxygen consumption (mVO2) in peripheral plasma
lymphocytes collected from ICU patients. We also compared these three characteristic mitochondrial functions
with C-reactive protein (CRP), serum lactate, and central venous saturation (SvO2) that would enable the prediction
of the ultimate outcome.

Methods:
Isolated lymphocytes from 54 critical care patients with SIRS by sepsis and non-sepsis etiologies
were analyzed with flow cytometry by staining with dihydroethidium and JC-1, measuring mROS, ΔΨm, and
mVO2. Clinical variables, such as serum lactate (mmol/L) and C-reactive protein (mg/L) from peripheral blood,
were measured in the first 24 hours of admission. A confounding analysis was performed using logistic regression,
and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results :
It has been confirmed that there is a drastic increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mVO2 in
critically ill patients immediately after exposure to the insult pathogen-associated molecular pattern /damageassociated
molecular pattern (PAMPS/DAMPS) and continued for the first 24 hours thereafter. The results
showed no significant alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) compared with the lymphocytes
in controls. A significant correlation between CRP and SvO2 and a strong positive relationship between
CRP, values above 3 mg/l, and white blood cells were observed.

Conclusion:
Lymphocytes from patients with SIRS displayed higher mitochondrial respiratory capacities and
reactive oxygen species production compared with controls. Clinical markers of inflammation indirectly evaluate
the mitochondrial function, most of which have been validated in a clinical setting.
Dihydropyrimidinones Scaffold as a Promising Nucleus for Synthetic Profile and Various Therapeutic Targets: A Review
Authors: Khasimbi Shaik , Ali Faraat , Manda Kiran , Sharma Anjali , Chauhan Garima , Wakode Sharad 
Published: December 2020

Background:
This review elaborates the updated synthetic and pharmacological approaches of a
known group of dihydropyrimidinones/thiones from the multi-component reaction like Biginelli reaction, which
was named Pietro Biginelli in 1891. This review consists of the reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, urea and ethyl
acetoacetate leading to dihydropyrimidinone/thione. Currently, the scientific movement to develop economically
viable green methods using compounds that are reusable, non-volatile, easily obtained, etc.

Objective:
This review covers the recent synthesis and pharmacological advancement of dihydropyrimidinones/
thiones moiety, along with covering the structure-activity relationship of the most potent compounds,
which may prove to become better, more efficacious and safer agents. Thus, this review may help the researchers
in drug designing and development of new Dihydropyrimidinones entities.

Conclusion:
This review focuses on the wide application of dihydropyrimidinone/thione review reports the design,
synthesis and pharmacological activities of nitrogen-sulphur containing dihydropyrimidinone moiety by using
multi-component reaction. Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPM) pharmacophore is an important heterocyclic ring
in medicinal chemistry. It is derived from multi-component reactions, “Biginelli reaction” and plays a critical
role as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV-1, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive
and anti-tubercular agents. Exhaustive research has led to its vast biological profile, with a wide
range of therapeutic application.
Plant Mediated Silver Nanoparticles and Mode of Action in Cancer Therapy: A Review
Authors: Sharma Rama , Srivastava Nancy 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Cancer is a widespread fatal disease that is associated with abnormal growth of cells in the body.

Objectives:
This article represent, applications of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles and their mode of action in cancer therapy.

Methods:
Nanomedicines have been proved to be an effective therapy in the treatment of the disease because of a wide range of
applications. Due to the small shape and size, these nanoparticles are emerging to be of novel importance. They are abundantly found in
various resources with easy extraction

Results:
Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles are safe for humans as well as for the environment. These may replace the use of
these harmful therapies like chemotherapy etc. using in cancer treatment because these have severe side effects. Sometimes patient may
die because of these side effects.

Conclusion:
These green nanoparticles have great potential to treat and diagnose different cancers. This article laid a research
opportunity for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Anticancer Potential of Doxorubicin in Combination with Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticle and its Cytotoxicity Effects on Cardio-Myoblast Normal Cells
Authors: Saeidi Jafar , Dolatabadi Samaneh , Esfahani Mahbubeh B. , Saeidi Masood , Mohtashami Mahnaz , Mokhtari Kiana , Ghasemi Ahmad 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The use of DOX as an anticancer agent is associated with serious side effects on normal
cells especially in cardiovascular tissue.

Objective:
Here, it is proposed that the combination of a low dose of DOX with AgNPs provides ideal
cytotoxicity against cancer cells and decreases side effects on normal human cells. This study evaluates the
cytotoxic effects of green-synthetized AgNPs (GS-AgNPs) in combination with DOX in cancerous cells (MCF7)
and investigates its influences on cell growth and apoptosis in a normal cell line of the heart (H9c2).

Methods:
We used coffee extracts, as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the green-synthesis of AgNPs. GSAgNPs
were characterized by using various analytical methods. MTT assay was used for cell toxicity analysis in
cancerous and normal cells. Moreover, Annexin-V /PI staining and mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl2 and p53 were
performed for apoptosis measurement in heart normal cell line.

Results:
GS-AgNPs showed more biocompatibility for normal cells and higher cytotoxicity for cancerous cells
compared to that reported for chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Our results also demonstrated that a selected
combination of DOX and AgNPs, 20 μM AgNPs / 0.3 μM DOX, had a suitable cytotoxic effect against
cancerous cells with a minimum toxic effect on normal cells. So, no significant alteration was observed in cell
migration capacity, apoptosis and gene expression of BAX, Bcl-2 and P53 when H9c2 cells were treated with 20
μM AgNPs / 0.3 μM DOX relative to the non-treated control.

Conclusion:
Finally, it seems that the combination of GS-AgNPs and DOX could be a potent strategy to combat
cancer.
Recent Patents on the Angular Contact Ball Bearing of High-Speed Motorized Spindle
Authors: Bao Yudong , Wu Linkai , Zhao Yanling , Pan Chengyi 
Published: December 2020

Background::
Angular contact ball bearings are the most popular bearing type used in the high speed spindle for machining centers, The performance of the bearing directly affects the machining efficiency of the machine tool, Obtaining a higher value is the direction of its research and development.

Objective::
By analyzing the research achievements and patents of electric spindle angular contact bearings, summarizing the development trend provides a reference for the development of electric spindle bearings.

Methods::
Through the analysis of the relevant technology of the electric spindle angular contact ball bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of the angular contact ball bearing are introduced, and the research results are combined with the patent analysis.

Results::
With the rapid development of high-speed cutting and numerical control technology and the needs of practical applications, the spindle requires higher and higher speeds for bearings. In order to meet the requirements of use, it is necessary to improve the bearing performance by optimizing the structure size and improving the lubrication conditions. Meanwhile, reasonable processing and assembly methods will also have a beneficial effect on bearing performance.

Conclusion::
With the continuous deepening of bearing technology research and the use of new structures and ceramic materials has made the bearing's limit speed repeatedly reach new highs. The future development trend of high-speed bearings for electric spindles is environmental protection, intelligence, high speed, high precision and long life.
Collagen and Carbon-ferrous Nanoparticles Used as a Green Energy Composite Material for Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Sundaramurthy Inbasekaran , Thiyagarajan Gurunathan , Panda Ramesh Chandra , Sankar Samickannku 
Published: December 2020

Background::
Chrome shavings, a bioactive material, are generated from tannery as waste material. These chrome shaving can be used for the preparation of many value-added products.

Objective::
One such attempt is made to use these chrome shaving wastes as a composite bio-battery to produce DC voltage, an alternate green energy source and cleaner technology.

Methods::
Chrome shavings are hydrolyzed to make collagen paste and mixed with the ferrous nanoparticles of Moringa oleifera leaves and Carbon nanoparticles of Onion peels to form electrolyte paste as base. Then, the electrolyte base was added to the aluminum paste and conducting gel, and mixed well to form composite material for bio-battery.

Results::
The composite material of bio-battery has been characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). Series and parallel circuit testing were done using Copper and Zinc electrodes or Carbon and Zinc electrodes as the battery terminals in the electrolyte paste. The surface area of these electrodes needs standardization from bench to pilot scale. The power generated, for an AA battery size, using a single bio-battery cell has produced a DC voltage of 1.5 V; current of 900 mA. Circuit testing on 1 ml of 80 well-cells connected in series has produced DC output of 18 V and 1100 mA whereas 48 V and 1500 mA were obtained from a series-parallel connection.

Conclusion::
The glass transition temperature (Tg) of electrolyte of the bio-battery at 53°C indicated
that at this temperature, all the substances present in the bio-battery were well spread and consistently
contributed to the electrolyte activity where Fe-C-nano-particles were able to form strong
chemical bonds on the flanking hydroxyl group sites of the collagen leading to reduced mobility
of polymers and increased Tg. The results instigate promising trends for commercial exploitation
of this composite for bio-battery production.