bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal and Corrective Organisational Culture: A Systematic Review of Case Studies of Institutional Failure
Authors: Hald E. Julie , Gillespie Alex , Reader Tom W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrganisational culture is assumed to be a key factor in large-scale and avoidable institutional failures (e.g. accidents, corruption). Whilst models such as “ethical culture” and “safety culture” have been used to explain such failures, minimal research has investigated their ability to do so, and a single and unified model of the role of culture in institutional failures is lacking. To address this, we systematically identified case study articles investigating the relationship between culture and institutional failures relating to ethics and risk management (n = 74). A content analysis of the cultural factors leading to failures found 23 common factors and a common sequential pattern. First, culture is described as causing practices that develop into institutional failure (e.g. poor prioritisation, ineffective management, inadequate training). Second, and usually sequentially related to causal culture, culture is also used to describe the problems of correction: how people, in most cases, had the opportunity to correct a problem and avert failure, but did not take appropriate action (e.g. listening and responding to employee concerns). It was established that most of the cultural factors identified in the case studies were consistent with survey-based models of safety culture and ethical culture. Failures of safety and ethics also largely involve the same causal and corrective factors of culture, although some aspects of culture more frequently precede certain outcome types (e.g. management not listening to warnings more commonly precedes a loss of human life). We propose that the distinction between causal and corrective culture can form the basis of a unified (combining both ethical and safety culture literatures) and generalisable model of organisational failure.
Towards a seamful ethics of Covid-19 contact tracing apps?
Authors: Hoffman Andrew S. , Jacobs Bart , van Gastel Bernard , Schraffenberger Hanna , Sharon Tamar , Pas Berber 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the early months of 2020, the deadly Covid-19 disease spread rapidly around the world. In response, national and regional governments implemented a range of emergency lockdown measures, curtailing citizens’ movements and greatly limiting economic activity. More recently, as restrictions begin to be loosened or lifted entirely, the use of so-called contact tracing apps has figured prominently in many jurisdictions’ plans to reopen society. Critics have questioned the utility of such technologies on a number of fronts, both practical and ethical. However, little has been said about the ways in which the normative design choices of app developers, and the products that result therefrom, might contribute to ethical reflection and wider political debate. Drawing from scholarship in critical design and human–computer interaction, this paper examines the development of a QR code-based tracking app called Zwaai (‘Wave’ in Dutch), where its designers explicitly positioned the app as an alternative to the predominant Bluetooth and GPS-based approaches. Through analyzing these designers’ choices, this paper argues that QR code infrastructures can work to surface a set ofethical–political seams, two of which are discussed here—responsibilizationandnetworked (im)permanence—that more ‘seamless’ protocols like Bluetooth actively aim to bypass, and which may go otherwise unnoticed by existing ethical frameworks.
Variability of Skin Pharmacokinetic Data: Insights from a Topical Bioequivalence Study Using Dermal Open Flow Microperfusion
Authors: Bodenlenz Manfred , Augustin Thomas , Birngruber Thomas , Tiffner Katrin I. , Boulgaropoulos Beate , Schwingenschuh Simon , Raney Sam G. , Rantou Elena , Sinner Frank 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Dermal open flow microperfusion (dOFM) has previously demonstrated its utility to assess the bioequivalence (BE) of topical drug products in a clinical study. We aimed to characterize the sources of variability in the dermal pharmacokinetic data from that study.

Methods
Exploratory statistical analyses were performed with multivariate data from a clinical dOFM-study in 20 healthy adults evaluating the BE, or lack thereof, of Austrian test (T) and U.S. reference (R) acyclovir cream, 5% products.

Results
The overall variability of logAUC values (CV: 39% for R and 45% for T) was dominated by inter-subject variability (R: 82%, T: 91%) which correlated best with the subject’s skin conductance. Intra-subject variability was 18% (R) and 9% (T) of the overall variability; skin treatment sites or methodological factors did not significantly contribute to that variability.

Conclusions
Inter-subject variability was the major component of overall variability for acyclovir, and treatment site location did not significantly influence intra-subject variability. These results support a dOFM BE study design with T and R products assessed simultaneously on the same subject, where T and R treatment sites do not necessarily need to be next to each other. Localized variation in skin microstructure may be primarily responsible for intra-subject variability.
Trajectories of health-related quality of life among people with a physical disability and/or chronic disease during and after rehabilitation: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Seves B. L. , Hoekstra F. , Hettinga F. J. , Dekker R. , van der Woude L. H. V. , Hoekstra T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To identify Health-related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) trajectories in a large heterogeneous cohort of people with a physical disability and/or chronic disease during and after rehabilitation and to determine which factors before discharge are associated with longitudinal trajectory membership.

Methods
A total of 1100 people with a physical disability and/or chronic disease were included from the longitudinal cohort study Rehabilitation, Sports and Active lifestyle. All participants participated in a physical activity promotion programme in Dutch rehabilitation care. HR-QoL was assessed using the RAND-12 Health Status Inventory questionnaire at baseline (T0: 3–6 weeks before discharge) and at 14 (T1), 33 (T2) and 52 (T3) weeks after discharge from rehabilitation. A data-driven approach using Latent Class Growth Mixture modelling was used to determine HR-QoL trajectories. Multiple binomial multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine person-, disease- and lifestyle-related factors associated with trajectory membership.

Results
Three HR-QoL trajectories were identified: moderate (N = 635), high (N = 429) and recovery (N = 36). Trajectory membership was associated with person-related factors (age and body mass index), disease-related factors (perceived fatigue, perceived pain and acceptance of the disease) and one lifestyle-related factor (alcohol consumption) before discharge from rehabilitation.

Conclusions
Most of the people who participated in a physical activity promotion programme obtained a relatively stable but moderate HR-QoL. The identified HR-QoL trajectories among our heterogeneous cohort are disease-overarching. Our findings suggest that people in rehabilitation may benefit from person-centred advice on management of fatigue and pain (e.g. activity pacing) and the acceptance of the disability.
Processing of high-speed videos of shock wave boundary layer interactions
Authors: Maharjan Samee , Bjerketvedt Dag , Lysaker Ola Marius 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a framework for processing high-speed videos recorded during gas experiments in a shock tube. The main objective is to study boundary layer interactions of reflected shock waves in an automated way, based on image processing. The shock wave propagation was recorded at a frame rate of 500,000 frames per second with a Kirana high-speed camera. Each high-speed video consists of 180 frames, with image size [$$768 \times 924$$

768
×
924

] pixels. An image processing framework was designed to track the wave front in each image and thereby estimate: (a) the shock position; (b) position of triple point; and (c) shock angle. The estimated shock position and shock angle were then used as input for calculating the pressure exerted by the shock. To validate our results, the calculated pressure was compared with recordings from pressure transducers. With the proposed framework, we were able to identify and study shock wave properties that occurred within less than $$300\, \upmu \hbox {sec}$$

300

μ
sec

and to track evolveness over a distance of 100 mm. Our findings show that processing of high-speed videos can enrich, and give detailed insight, to the observations in the shock experiments.
Diagnostic Value of Muscle Ultrasound for Myopathies and Myositis
Authors: Albayda Jemima , van Alfen Nens 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to critically discuss the use of ultrasound in the evaluation of muscle disorders with a particular focus on the emerging use in inflammatory myopathies.

Recent Findings
In myopathies, pathologic muscle shows an increase in echogenicity. Muscle echogenicity can be assessed visually, semi-quantitatively, or quantitatively using grayscale analysis. The involvement of specific muscle groups and the pattern of increase in echogenicity can further point to specific diseases. In pediatric neuromuscular disorders, the value of muscle ultrasound for screening and diagnosis is well-established. It has also been found to be a responsive measure of disease change in muscular dystrophies. In chronic forms of myositis like inclusion body myositis, ultrasound is very suitable for detecting markedly increased echogenicity and atrophy in affected muscles. Acute cases of muscle edema show only a mild increase in echogenicity, which can also reverse with successful treatment.

Summary
Muscle ultrasound is an important imaging modality that is highly adaptable to study various muscle conditions. Although its diagnostic value for neuromuscular disorders is high, the evidence in myositis has only begun to accrue in earnest. Further systematic studies are needed, especially in its role for detecting muscle edema.
Multi-Sectoral Reflections and Efforts in Strengthening Partnerships to Reduce Disaster Risk in Mexico: The First MuSe-IDRiM Conference
Authors: Alcántara-Ayala Irasema , Rodríguez-Velázquez Daniel , Garnica-Peña Ricardo J. , Maldonado-Martínez Alejandra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNotwithstanding the high societal impact of disasters in Mexico, there is a lack of integrated efforts to establish a sound policy for reducing disaster risk to counterbalance the existing concentrated endeavors in disaster management. In the face of such segmentation, the science and technology community has advocated for a change of perspective, from civil protection to integrated disaster risk management. The first Multi-Sectoral Conference towards Integrated Disaster Risk Management in Mexico: Building a National Public Policy (MuSe-IDRiM Conference) was held in Mexico City at National Autonomous University of Mexico, 21–24 October 2019. In support of the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, the conference aimed at enhancing the dialogue between the science and technology community, citizens, civil society organizations, private and public sectors, and the federal, state, and municipal governments to foster the process of transforming the current National Civil Protection System into a national public policy oriented towards integrated disaster risk management (DRM). Barriers and challenges to the implementation of integrated DRM were identified. Implementation of integrated DRM challenges current socioeconomic structures and encourages all relevant stakeholders to think, decide, and act from a different perspective and within and across spatial, temporal, jurisdictional, and institutional scales. Understanding disaster risk from an integrated approach, learning skills that authorities have not learned or used, and hence, strengthening disaster risk governance are prerequisites to effectively manage disaster risk.
How do adolescents deal with intrusive parenting? The role of coping with psychologically controlling parenting in internalizing and externalizing problems
Authors: Flamant Nele , Haerens Leen , Mabbe Elien , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Soenens Bart 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionWhile research has shown convincingly that psychologically controlling parenting increases the risk for internalizing and externalizing problems among adolescents, little is known about how adolescents cope with such parenting. This study examined the role of two non‐autonomous ways of coping (i.e., compulsive compliance and oppositional defiance) and one more autonomous way of coping (i.e., negotiation) in the associations between psychologically controlling parenting and internalizing and externalizing problems.MethodTwo‐wave data from a larger longitudinal study with Belgian adolescents (N = 198; 51% female; mean age = 14.89 years, range = 13–17 years) were analyzed using multilevel modeling.ResultsThe results showed that oppositional defiance exacerbated associations between psychologically controlling parenting and externalizing problems at the between‐person level of analysis. Both compulsive compliance and negotiation exacerbated the association with internalizing problems at the within‐person level. In addition to these moderating effects, both oppositional defiance and negotiation played a partly mediating role in associations between psychologically controlling parenting and externalizing problems and oppositional defiance partly mediated associations between psychologically controlling parenting and internalizing problems at the between‐person level.ConclusionOverall, results suggest that oppositional defiance and compulsive compliance are rather dysfunctional coping responses and that negotiation is a mixed blessing. Directions for future research are discussed.
The grapevine effect in sensitive data collection: examining response patterns in support for violent extremism
Authors: McCauley John , Finkel Steven , Neureiter Michael , Belasco Christopher 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study presents a pattern overlooked in previous research on measuring sensitive political outcomes: over the course of data collection, responses tend to shift in the direction of support for the local incumbent power. We suggest that, whereas earlier responses are largely devoid of this social desirability bias, word of the research spreads across enumeration areas, and individuals interviewed later in the process alter their responses out of fear of retribution for inappropriate answers. We document the pattern using original data from two surveys on support for violent extremism conducted in three different countries in the Sahel region of Africa. We rule out a host of alternative explanations and further confirm that the pattern can arise not just with overt survey measures but even with covert, experimental ones. We then demonstrate the same pattern using out-of-sample data from a separate well-known study. The findings offer a cautionary note to both conventional and experimental approaches to measuring sensitive attitudes.
Alternative pathways in Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Metastrongyloidea: Angiostrongylidae) transmission
Authors: Modrý David , Fecková Barbora , Putnová Barbora , Manalo Sheina Macy , Otranto Domenico 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to elucidate the infection pathways of third stage larvae (L3) of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, we performed experiments to assess: (i) the shedding of L3 from two species of experimental veronicellid slugs drowned in water and the ratio of emerged larvae, (ii) the transmission of viable L3 from drowned terrestrial gastropods to aquatic snails, and (iii) the transmission of viable L3 between terrestrial snails. Molluscs were experimentally infected by first stage larvae (L1) of A. cantonensis. Significantly more L3 larvae were released from Veronicella cubensis than from Veronicella sloanei. Numerous L3 were observed in the muscular foot, and also in the connective tissue between internal organs. Experimental exposure of P. maculata to L3 of A. cantonensis liberated from other gastropod species led to their infection and the infectivity of larvae after intermediesis was demonstrated by infection of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). The transmission of L3 was observed in three out of four experiment replications and L3 were retrieved from 6 out of 24 Subulina octona snails. The infected synanthropic molluscs represent a key component in the epidemiology of human infections by A. cantonensis. Escape of L3 larvae from bodies of dead snails or slugs and their ability to infect further gastropod hosts (intermediesis) represents a public health risk. Thus, control of molluscs living in peri-domestic environment is an essential part of prevention of human infections.
Visions of international law: An interdisciplinary retrospective
Authors: Alter Karen J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTaking the opportunity of this LJIL special lecture, Professor Alter provides an interdisciplinary retrospective that explains, defends and critiques six common visions of international law: The naïve political scientist’s expectations about international law as a fixed reflection of political choices; the legal formalist and structural theorist who believes that formal rules, institutions, and processes should generate similar outcomes in different parts of the world; the Western centric scholar’s notion that one can draw general lessons based on European and American experiences; the liberal internationalist who believes that multilateral processes generate consent based agreements and outcomes; the law and society scholar whose focus on the local can minimize international structural elements; and the international legal sociologist who believes that meanings and practices constitute international law. After reflecting on what each vision captures and misses about international law, Professor Alter identifies the policy stakes of residing within a vision. While we need to draw from multiple visions to understand the hybridity of international law, we also need to understand the implicit presumptions of each vision, as these presumptions generate contradictory prescriptive recommendations.
The possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a haemodialysis unit – report from a large in-hospital centre
Authors: Gubensek J. , Vajdic Trampuz B. , Persic V. , Gregorcic S. , Mrvic T. , Arnol M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Data on the possibility of transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the provision of chronic haemodialysis, which often entails many person-to-person contacts, are lacking. We report a follow-up of the in-centre contacts of three positive chronic haemodialysis patients. Under strict preventive measures, only one patient out of 21 patient-contacts and 29 personnel-contacts tested positive within 2 weeks after the last contact. This patient, case #3, most likely became infected during unprotected, organised group transportation to the dialysis centre.
Study to increase the pneumococcal vaccination rates of individuals aged 65 years and older
Authors: Biyik M. V. , Arslan I. , Yengil Taci D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground:In our study, we intended to observe the impact of recommending the pneumococcal vaccine to individuals who were called on the phone or interviewed face-to-face by their doctors on vaccination rates.Methods:Two hundred individuals who were 65 years old and older were included in our study. They were questioned about their awareness regarding adult immunisation, and their knowledge level and vaccination statuses were determined regarding the tetanus, influenza, hepatitis, and pneumococcal vaccines. After they were given information about the pneumococcal vaccine, they were asked about their interest in being vaccinated. Those who agreed to be vaccinated were invited and vaccinated.Results:According to the questionnaire, 150 people (75%) knew of the influenza vaccine, 130 people (65%) knew of the tetanus vaccine, 53 people (26.5%) knew of the hepatitis B vaccine, and 49 people (24.5%) knew of the pneumococcal vaccine. A total of five people (2.5%) had received the pneumococcal vaccine. Fifty-eight of 97 patients (59.8%) who completed the questionnaire during a phone call and 84 of 103 patients (81.6%) who completed the questionnaire during a face-to-face interview received the pneumococcal vaccine. As a result, the rates of pneumococcal vaccination increased from 2.5% before the study to 73.5% after the study.Conclusion:The findings show that the vaccination rates for pneumococcus were very low among our participants. The immunisation rates increased when doctors provided consultation to participants about adult immunisation.
Working with Husband?“Occupation’s Wife” and Married Women’s Employment in the Censuses in England and Wales between 1851 and 1911
Authors: You Xuesheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWomen played a vital role in British industrialization. However, studies of women’s work are often hindered by data limitation. The British censuses provide an unparalleled opportunity to study women’s work and its impact systematically. However, the reliability of the census recording of female employment is still under debate. This articles aims to contribute to this ongoing debate by examining a particular census recording concerning married women who were supposedly working with their husbands, that is “occupation’s wife.” By analyzing a new source of big data, namely 100 percent sample of Census Enumerators’ Books and published census reports, this article shows that the recording of “occupation’s wife” was not informative about the level of married women’s labor in the form of working together with their husbands in the same trade. Given the important fact that married women recorded as “occupation’s wife” constituted the largest group of married women with any occupational titles in the censuses, the results presented in this article suggest a reassessment of some of the empirical foundations in the studies of married women’s work.
Oxygen Isotopic Fractionation in Clouds: A Bin‐Resolved Microphysics Model Approach
Authors: Hiron Thibault , Flossmann Andrea I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMeasurements of the ratio of oxygen‐18 to oxygen‐16 are often used to reconstruct past climate or to quantify phase changes. However, in most models, the evolution of the isotopic ratio is calculated using the Rayleigh parameterization. The Descam model has recently been extended to simulate isotopic fractionation from occurring condensation/evaporation processes and the mass of oxygen‐18 in aerosol particles, droplets, and ice crystals explicitly as a function of their size. In a first step, isotopic calculations are implemented into the 1.5d dynamical framework where several sensitivity studies are conducted to test the evolution of the isotopic ratio as a function of the different phase changes in a convective cloud. Though an isotopic signature can be identified for different microphysical pathways, the predominant factor for the isotopic ratio in the precipitation seems to be the dynamical evolution of the considered cloud.