bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Statistical Foundation of Colour Space
Authors: Wilkins Lucas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe idea of a colour space where distance corresponds to discriminability has been fundamental to colour vision research since the 19th century. Despite their long-standing success there is a contradiction between the geometric framework that is typically used in these spaces (a particular application of Riemannian geometry) and a view of the transduction of sensory information as the result of a stochastic process. When this is made explicit, a subtly different approach is suggested which turns out to provide a general, and more complete framework for colour space. It is argued further that not only is a contradiction avoided, but that this framework is both intuitive and of real practical value, in particular for researchers interested in the visual behaviour and ecology of animals.
Foresight for stock market volatility – a study in the Indian perspective
Authors: Dixit Jitendra Kumar , Agrawal Vivek 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Volatility is a permanent behavior of the stock market around the globe. The presence of the volatility in the stock price makes it possible to earn abnormal profits by risk seeking investors and creates hesitancy among risk averse investors as high volatility means high return with high risk. Investors always consider market volatility before making any investment decisions. Random fluctuations are termed as volatility of stock market. Volatility in financial markets is reflected because of uncertainty in the price and return, unexpected events and non-constant variance that can be measured through the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity family models and that will give an insight for investment decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach
Daily data of the closing value of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) (Sensex) and National Stock Exchange (NSE) (Nifty) from April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2017 is collected through the web-portal of BSE (www.bseindia.com) and NSE (www.nseindia.com) for the analysis purpose.

Findings
The outcome of the study suggested that P-GARCH model is most suitable to predict and forecast the stock market volatility for both the markets.

Research limitations/implications
Future research can be extended to other stock market segments and sectoral indices to explore and forecast the volatility to establish a trade-off between risk and return.

Originality/value
The results of previous studies available are not conducive to this research, and very limited scholarly work is available in the Indian context, so required to be re-explored to identify the appropriate model to predict market volatility.
The promise and limit of freedom: South Africa and the pursuit of racial justice
Authors: Ngqulunga Bongani 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss South Africa’s trajectory of socio-economic development since the advent of democracy a quarter century ago. This is done through a critical discussion and review of major policy interventions that have been implemented to achieve the goal of racial justice. The author argues that while the advent of democracy brought about significant opportunities for social justice, socio-economic development in South Africa has been characterised by increasing wealth and income inequality, which has undermined the cause of racial justice. The key argument the author advances in the paper is that the decline in the power resources of the working class and the poor accounts for the neoliberal turn in economic policy in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper relies on primary policy documents of the government and on primary political and policy documents of the African National Congress and its political allies such as the Congress of South African Trade Unions and the South African Communist Party. The author also reviews the extensive literature on the subject of development policymaking in the new South Africa.

Findings
The main finding is that the advent of democracy a quarter century ago and the policy interventions by the government have brought about social progress in some areas. However, the colonial and apartheid domination still shapes access to social-economic opportunities in South Africa. In anything, income and wealth inequality has increased since 1994. The goal of racial justice appears far from being achieved.

Research limitations/implications
The key implication arising from the research is that strengthening political organisations of the working class and the poor is critical to attaining the goal of social equity. This is particularly true in a context where elite interests in the state and the corporate sector have been ascendant for the past two decades.

Originality/value
What is original about the paper is that it is one of the first papers that assess the progress that has made in bringing about racial justice 25 years after the advent of democracy in South Africa. Furthermore, the paper uses the power resources theory to explain the dearth of pro-poor social reform in South Africa. This is a departure from the dominant approach, which explains the adoption of neoliberalism in South Africa as either inevitable due to poor economic performance or an outcome of the sell-out by the ANC political elite.
Tax compliance behaviour of small business enterprises in Uganda
Authors: Kiconco Rebecca Isabella , Gwokyalya Waliya , Sserwanga Arthur , Balunywa Waswa 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the extent to which the theory of reasoned action (TRA) can be used to explain tax compliance among small business enterprises (SBEs) in Uganda and extends the application and relevance of the theory to a new area of tax compliance. It contributes the TRA, as a predictor of tax compliance in a developing country context.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional survey targeting different categories of SBEs was carried out using interviewer-administered questionnaires. A sample of 384 SBEs was used in the study.FindingsThe TRA contributes critical insights on the tax compliance behaviour of small businesses in developing economies. It influences tax compliance behaviour. The study illustrates evidence about the negative attitudes SBEs have on intentions to comply with tax regulations and the extent to which these attitudes influence their compliance behaviour. Subjective norms positively influence tax compliance intentions in a positive manner. Overall, the appearance of these intentions shows a negative effect on tax compliance behaviour. These findings also imply that Uganda Revenue Authority needs to understand the social psychology of taxpayers and tailor these in their policies and efforts to increase compliance.Research limitations/implicationsThe TRA has been used to explain behaviour in numerous situations in psychology. The study used this theory in a new geographical, economic and administrative environment; Uganda. This theory has proved relevant in explaining psychological, sociological and economic behaviour; specifically tax compliance. The TRA was revised to include a new construct of perceived behavioural control, which turned into the theory of planned behaviour. This could not be studied due to time and logistic constraints. Therefore, there is a need to investigate if this revised theory can explain tax compliance behaviour better.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests that tax administration efforts and policies should consider the social-psychology aspects of the taxpayers to improve tax compliance.Originality/valueThis study adds a new arena of explaining tax compliance from a theory commonly used in psychology to a new setting in finance.
Methods of bribery in multinational corporations
Authors: Teichmann Fabian Maximilian Johannes 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate how bribery is conducted in multinational corporations. In particular, sources of funding and methods of transferring bribes are investigated.Design/methodology/approachIn all, 100 interviews were conducted with criminals and white-collar crime prevention experts, and responses were subjected to qualitative content analysis.FindingsThe interviews and survey revealed concrete techniques for creating funds for bribery and transferring bribes to counterparties. The results indicate that the compliance mechanisms aimed at preventing bribery in multinational corporations can be easily circumvented.Research limitations/implicationsThis study’s findings were limited to the perspectives of 100 interviewees. Hence, it is possible that a study with a larger sample conducted in different countries or at a different time could have yielded different results.Practical implicationsIdentifying the concrete methods of funding and transferring bribes should provide both compliance officers and legislators with valuable insights into criminal activity. By better understanding the specific steps taken by criminals, compliance officers should be able to more effectively combat bribery.Originality/valueWhereas the prior literature has focused on the organizations and mechanisms involved in combating bribery, this paper instead explores how criminals avoid detection by taking into account existing compliance mechanisms and criminal perspectives.
Sources of criminal law in the area of responsibility for economic crimes in Russia and Italy
Authors: Rusanov Georgy 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the sources of criminal law in the area of responsibility for economic crimes in Russia and Italy.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on the study of five types of sources of criminal law: criminal legislation, legislation of other branches of law in the sphere of regulation of economic relations, legislation of other branches of law in the sphere of protection of economic relations, judicial practice and customs.

Findings
Based on the study of Russian and Italian legislation were revealed: in general, that systems of sources of criminal law in Italy and Russia are similar and based on the legislation.

Originality/value
This is explained by the fact that both countries are close to the Roman-Germanic legal system. It is also an important legislation of other branches of law. It consists of regulatory and protective norms of other branches of law. Court decisions, including decisions of the Constitutional Court and some legal positions of other vessels, are also considered as sources of criminal law.
Japan’s Yakuza – still alive, and yes, they do matter
Authors: Newsham Grant Frederick 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to inform the reader of the nature of Japanese organize crime (“the Yakuza”) and the extent to which it has penetrated and is a powerful force in nearly all facets of Japanese society – with particular focus on the “legitimate” business and financial worlds. The paper also describes in detail the actual harmful effects of Yakuza influence and also provides a cautionary note for foreign business ventures in Japan.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper offers an in-depth narrative description based on the author’s over 20 years’ experience researching the topic along with practical experience gained while working in the business risk mitigation field in Japan and assisting private entities in avoiding underworld entanglements.

Findings
The paper demonstrates how the Yakuza remains a potent force with widespread influence in Japan, despite the government’s enactment of specific regulations designed to pressure underworld organizations.

Research limitations/implications
The paper offers insights into an aspect of Japanese society that receives limited examination, and the information contained in the article is potentially useful to other scholars and the foreign business community as well. The Yakuza are a broad topic, and the author’s perspectives are necessarily focused on cases of Yakuza involvement in the legitimate economy and political world rather than the entire panoply of underworld activity.

Practical implications
The insights and descriptions of underworld involvement in “legitimate” parts of Japanese society might encourage Japanese authorities to assess why the Yakuza remain entrenched and take appropriate counter measures.

Social implications
The paper is potentially of use to foreign business and governmental organizations in better understanding and countering risks and threats posed by the Japanese underworld, both in Japan and beyond its borders.

Originality/value
This topic is infrequently covered in any depth in English language sources and seldom if ever by someone with over two decades of practical experience identifying and helping private entities navigate around Yakuza dangers.
Consumer perception of tourist experience through online reviews
Authors: Oliveira Cristina , Brochado Ana , Moro Sérgio , Rita Paulo 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Overall, there is a lack of research using online reviews as a proxy of customer experience when addressing the study of tourism in island destinations.

Design/methodology/approach
The current investigation aims to fill this gap by focussing on an African small island developing states, i.e. Cape Verde. This paper reports of tourist reviews extracted from TripAdvisor from “two islands of the senses” as coined by this archipelago’s national tourism organization, specifically Santo Antão and Fogo islands. The data analysis was performed through Leximancer software to generate concepts out of words, followed by themes.

Findings
The present research focussed on experiences in island tourism to identify their main dimensions based on visitors’ narratives in online reviews. The obtained results are of potential value to the literature by contributing to a better understanding of tourist experience in the context of tourism in islands in an understudied country, Cape Verde.

Originality/value
Results are presented and object of discussion vis-à-vis scientific literature and conclusions put forward in this journal paper.
Genome analysis of sponge symbiont ‘Candidatus Halichondribacter symbioticus’ shows genomic adaptation to a host‐dependent lifestyle
Authors: Knobloch Stephen , Jóhannsson Ragnar , Marteinsson Viggó Þór 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe marine sponge Halichondria panicea inhabits coastal areas around the globe and is a widely studied sponge species in terms of its biology, yet the ecological functions of its dominant bacterial symbiont ‘Candidatus Halichondribacter symbioticus’ remain unknown. Here, we present the draft genome of ‘Ca. H. symbioticus’ HS1 (2.8 Mbp, ca. 87.6% genome coverage) recovered from the sponge metagenome of H. panicea in order to study functions and symbiotic interactions at the genome level. Functional genome comparison of HS1 against closely related free‐living seawater bacteria revealed a reduction of genes associated with carbohydrate transport and transcription regulation, pointing towards a limited carbohydrate metabolism, and static transcriptional dynamics reminiscent of other bacterial symbionts. In addition, HS1 was enriched in sponge symbiont specific gene families related to host–symbiont interactions and defence. Similarity in the functional gene repertoire between HS1 and a phylogenetically more distant symbiont in the marine sponge Aplysina aerophoba, based on COG category distribution, suggest a convergent evolution of symbiont specific traits and general metabolic features. This warrants further investigation into convergent genomic evolution of symbionts across different sponge species and habitats.
Managing ethical uncertainty: implicit normativity and the sociology of ethics
Authors: Cribb Alan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article illustrates and discusses the idea of ‘implicit normativity’, and specifically its relevance to the management of ethical uncertainty. In particular I consider (i) the role implicit normativity plays in masking and containing potential ethical uncertainty and (ii) the contrast and boundary between implicit normativity and ‘overt ethics’ where ethical contestation – as well as particular processes and agents – are highlighted as salient. Using examples I show how the idea of implicit normativity can be applied not only to specific practices but also to whole fields of practice. The notion of ‘moral settlements’ – along with the explanatory role of the threat of ‘chaos’ – is introduced and elucidated to develop these points. I argue that attention to the management of ethical uncertainty shows the critically important contribution that an ambitious sociology of ethics can make to clinical ethics, including by helping to formulate and drive home questions about the ‘ethics of ethics’. The account presented here has resonances with work that seeks to use sociological lenses to move beyond conventional bioethics, including Petersen's (2013) call for a ‘normative sociology’.
Relation Between Gut Microbiota Composition and Traditional Spontaneous Fermented Dairy Foods Among Kazakh Nomads in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Li Ruiyao , Zheng Xiaowei , Yang Jie , Shen Xuemei , Jiao Lin , Yan Zheng , Chen Bo , Han Beizhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe human gastrointestinal tract represents one of the most densely populated microbial ecosystems studied to date. Although this microbial consortium has been recognized to have a crucial impact on human health, its precise composition is still subject to intense investigation, as people from different regions have different gut microbiota structures. The Kazakh nomads in Xinjiang, China still retain their nomadic lifestyle and traditional diet. Their specific diet style and ancient genetic background shaped their gut microbiota to contain unique characteristics. In present study, the compositions of the gut microbiota and fermented dairy foods were assessed by high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Twenty‐nine Kazakh nomads were recruited, and 33 traditional fermented dairy foods were collected from five pasturing areas (Buerjin, Zhaosu, Nilka, Tekes, and Fuhai) in northern Xinjiang, China. The correlation of the physical index with the gut microbiota was also analyzed. The unique diet style of Kazakh may be a critical factor in keeping their gut microbiota in a balanced state and help them to remain in good health.Practical ApplicationThis research shows that the consumption of spontaneous fermented dairy food plays an important role in increasing gut microbial diversity. Some probiotics in fermented dairy food, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, have positive correlation with human body health index such as body mass index and blood glucose. These may provide some theoretical supports to adjuvant therapy of obesity and diabetes through scientific dietary intervention.
The role of a transparent cap in the endoscopic removal of foreign bodies in the esophagus: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Fang Rui , Cao Bin , Zhang Qian , Li Peng , Zhang Shu Tian 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of transparent cap‐assisted endoscopy in removing foreign bodies in the esophagus.MethodsPatients with foreign body lodged in the esophagus who received a transparent cap‐assisted or conventional endoscopy between October 2004 and July 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. Propensity score matching was performed. The success rate of the endoscopic procedure, procedure time, clearness of endoscopic view and adverse event rate were compared between the two groups.ResultsOf the 838 patients who had a foreign body lodged in the esophagus, 728 (86.9%) underwent endoscopic intervention. After matched by prospensity score, 224 patients each received either transparent cap‐assisted endoscopy or conventional endoscopy. No difference was noted between the two groups in terms of the success rate (100% vs 99.1%, P = 0.499). Transparent cap‐assisted endoscopy was associated with shorter procedure time for removing jujube pits ([4.24 ± 2.81] min vs [7.62 ± 8.15] min, P = 0.001), fish bones ([2.99 ± 2.15] min vs [6.49 ± 6.54] min, P < 0.001) and other sharp objects ([4.29 ± 3.36] min vs [10.60 ± 19.79 min], P = 0.027) and higher rates of clear endoscopic views in extracting jujube pits, fish bones, poultry bones and other sharp objects (98% vs 43.4%, 97.5% vs 74.1%, 100% vs 81.3% and 100% vs 82.7%; all P < 0.05). No significant differences in the rates of adverse event were observed between the groups (P = 1.000).ConclusionTransparent cap‐assisted endoscopic technique is effective and safe for removing sharp foreign bodies in the esophagus.
A new temple platform at Tell F6 on Failaka Island, Kuwait
Authors: Højlund Flemming , Hagelquist Christoffer P. 
Published: November 2019

In the first half of the second millennium, Tell F6 on Failaka Island was the location of two large public buildings (a temple and a production/storage facility) belonging to the Early Dilmun Culture. During excavation in 2018, an elevation in the north‐eastern margin of the tell proved to contain the remains of a 11.5 × 11.5 m platform. The nature of the building and its position in relation to the main temple indicate that it served as the platform for yet another—now razed—temple. Radiocarbon analysis dates its construction to the early second millennium BC and suggests that it was constructed contemporary with the adjacent main temple. The discovery further substantiates the general impression of a dramatic increase in investments in public buildings in this period of the Early Dilmun Culture.
Parents Allowing Drinking Is Associated With Adolescents’ Heavy Alcohol Use
Authors: Staff Jeremy , Maggs Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundUsing intergenerational prospective data from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), we examine whether parents allowing 14‐year‐olds to drink alcohol is associated with greater likelihood of early adolescents’ heavy episodic drinking (i.e., lifetime, rapid escalation from first drink, and frequent past year), beyond shared risk factors for parental alcohol permissiveness and adolescent alcohol use.MethodsThe MCS is a unique, contemporary, nationally representative study with mother, father, and child data from infancy through age 14 years (n = 11,485 children and their parents). In a series of multivariate logistic regressions, we estimated whether teenagers whose parents allowed them to drink alcohol (16% of parents said “yes”) faced an elevated likelihood of heavy alcohol use at age 14, controlling for a large host of likely child and parent confounders measured when children were age 11. To further assess plausible intergenerational associations of parental alcohol permissiveness and offspring heavy alcohol use, coarsened exact matching (CEM) was used to match 14‐year‐olds whose parents allowed them to drink alcohol with teens whose parents did not allow them to drink on these childhood antecedent variables.ResultsAdolescents whose parents allowed them to drink had higher odds of heavy drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.96 to 2.94), rapidly escalating from initiation to heavy drinking (OR = 1.94; CI = 1.52 to 2.49), and frequent heavy drinking (OR = 2.32; 1.73 to 3.09), beyond child and parent confounders and using CEM methods.ConclusionsAdolescents who were allowed to drink were more likely to have transitioned quickly from their first drink to consuming 5 or more drinks at 1 time and to drinking heavily 3 or more times in the past year. Given well‐documented harms of adolescent heavy drinking, these results do not support the idea that parents allowing children to drink alcohol inoculates them against alcohol misuse.