bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De migraciones, marginalidades y sombras. Pensa(n)do en imágenes
Authors: Rodríguez Garcés Vanina Inés 
Published: June 2020

El propósito de este artículo es el de investigar algunos conceptos de la Filosofía del límite de Eugenio Trías y de la noción de “genealogía” propuesta por Michel Foucault.Expuestos a partir de tres trilogías de imágenes, se desprenden diálogos que ayudan a pensar cómo se develan esas sombras de la existencia que se esconden en los pliegues de lo racional. La gran pregunta tiene que ver con el “entorno matricial” y con el movimiento de “exilio y éxodo” del ser. Las imágenes elegidas funcionan como “hitos genealógicos” foucoultianos: esas “verdades sin apariencia” y “sin historia” que emergen presentando vinculaciones que inducen a otras lecturas hermenéuticas.El artículo vuelve siempre otra vez -a partir de algunas de las imágenes elegidas- a pensarse desde San Juan / Argentina, sitio que tensiona e implica, en este caso, la existencia de todas estas reflexiones y su conexión visual.
Longitudinal biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Huang Fen , Zhu Yuda , Hsiao‐Nakamoto Jennifer , Tang Xinyan , Dugas Jason C. , Moscovitch‐Lopatin Miriam , Glass Jonathan D. , Brown Robert H. , Ladha Shafeeq S. , Lacomis David , Harris Jeffrey M. , Scearce‐Levie Kimberly , Ho Carole , Bowser Robert , Berry James D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate neurodegenerative and inflammatory biomarkers in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS), evaluate their predictive value for ALS progression rates, and assess their utility as pharmacodynamic biomarkers for monitoring treatment effects.MethodsDe‐identified, longitudinal plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from PALS (n = 108; 85 with samples from ≥2 visits) and controls without neurological disease (n = 41) were obtained from the Northeast ALS Consortium (NEALS) Biofluid Repository. Seventeen of 108 PALS had familial ALS, of whom 10 had C9orf72 mutations. Additional healthy control CSF samples (n = 35) were obtained from multiple sources. We stratified PALS into fast‐ and slow‐progression subgroups using the ALS Functional Rating Scale‐Revised change rate. We compared cytokines/chemokines and neurofilament (NF) levels between PALS and controls, among progression subgroups, and in those with C9orf72 mutations.ResultsWe found significant elevations of cytokines, including MCP‐1, IL‐18, and neurofilaments (NFs), indicators of neurodegeneration, in PALS versus controls. Among PALS, these cytokines and NFs were significantly higher in fast‐progression and C9orf72 mutation subgroups versus slow progressors. Analyte levels were generally stable over time, a key feature for monitoring treatment effects. We demonstrated that CSF/plasma neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels may predict disease progression, and stratification by NFL levels can enrich for more homogeneous patient groups.InterpretationLongitudinal stability of cytokines and NFs in PALS support their use for monitoring responses to immunomodulatory and neuroprotective treatments. NFs also have prognostic value for fast‐progression patients and may be used to select similar patient subsets in clinical trials.
Oral Mucosa Tissue Equivalents for the Treatment of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency
Authors: O’Callaghan Anna R. , Dziasko Marc A. , Sheth‐Shah Radhika , Lewis Mark P. , Daniels Julie T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCultured limbal and oral epithelial cells have been successfully used to treat patients with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). The most common culture method for these cell therapies utilizes amniotic membrane as a cell support and/or murine 3T3s as feeder fibroblasts. The aim of this study is to refine the production of autologous oral mucosal cell therapy for the treatment of LSCD. Real architecture for 3D tissue (RAFT) is used as an alternative cell culture support. In addition, oral mucosal cells (epithelial and fibroblast) are used as autologous alternatives to donor human limbal epithelial cells (HLE) and murine 3T3s. The following tissue equivalents are produced and characterized: first, for patients with bilateral LSCD, an oral mucosa tissue equivalent consisting of human oral mucosal epithelial cells on RAFT supported by human oral mucosal fibroblasts (HOMF). Second, for patients with unilateral LSCD, HLE on RAFT supported by HOMF. For both tissue equivalent types, features of the cornea are observed including a multi‐layered epithelium with small cells with a stem cell like phenotype in the basal layer and squamous cells in the top layers, and p63α and PAX6 expression. These tissue equivalents may therefore be useful in the treatment of LSCD.
Biomimetic Electrodes for Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 16%
Authors: Qu Tian‐Yi , Zuo Li‐Jian , Chen Jing‐De , Shi Xueliang , Zhang Ting , Li Ling , Shen Kong‐Chao , Ren Hao , Wang Shu , Xie Feng‐Ming , Li Yan‐Qing , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFlexible organic solar cells (OSCs) are very promising for use in portable power supply devices due to the advantages of low‐cost, light‐weight, and flexibility. However, the efficiencies of flexible OSCs are limited by the flexible transparent electrodes owing to their nonoptimal electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. To address these challenges, leaf‐like biomimetic electrodes are proposed to achieve an efficient light capture and glossy surface for a high‐efficiency flexible OSC. To mimic the internal anatomy of the leaf, the conformable electrode stack consists of a flexible polyimide substrate, light‐scattering polystyrene spheres, zinc oxide protecting layer, and electrically conductive silver nanowires to obtain a high transmittance, low sheet resistance, and low surface roughness. A record‐high power conversion efficiency of 16.1% is realized by a flexible OSC with the biomimetic electrode design, comparable to those rigid devices on glass. Moreover, the flexible OSC on this biomimetic electrode exhibits a robust bendability against flexural strain, retaining 85% of the initial efficiency after 5000 bending cycles at a radius of curvature as small as 1.0 mm.
Electrochemical Scaled‐up Synthesis of Cyclic Enecarbamates as Starting Materials for Medicinal Chemistry Relevant Building Bocks
Authors: Tereshchenko Oleksandr D. , Perebiynis Maryana Y. , Knysh Irina V. , Vasylets Olesia V. , Sorochenko Anna A. , Slobodyanyuk Eugeniy Y. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Borysov Oleksandr V. , Kolotilov Sergey V. , Ryabukhin Sergey V. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical Shono oxidation of Boc‐protected cyclic amines was revised. The conditions for scalable electrochemical synthesis of cyclic enecarbamates were found. The developed protocol included recycling of the full range of used reagents, favoring to E‐factor reduction according to Green Chemistry requirements. The method opened the way for the convenient preparation of previously uncommon materials, which could become useful synthetic intermediates. Their synthetic potential was evaluated in [2+1] and [2+2] cycloadditions as well as electrophilic functionalization. Moreover, functionalized enecarbamates with carbonyl groups in β‐position were used as latent 1,3‐bielectrophiles in classical heterocyclizations. In a case of the hydrazine, the corresponding unusually decorated pyrazoles were prepared. The proposed methodology is a straightforward tool for the design and synthesis of Medicinal Chemistry relevant building blocks. As examples, 5‐fluoro pipecolic and 3‐fluoro isonipecotic acids were synthesized starting from Boc‐protected esters of the pipecolic and the isonipecotic acids respectively; the 5‐step approach to pyrazole containing α‐aminoacids with different linkers between the aminoacidic and pyrazole moieties was elaborated based on the cheapest commercially available racemic and chiral cyclic α‐aminoacids; the convenient approach to the functionalized tetrahydropyrido[3,4‐d]pyridazines was proposed starting from Boc‐protected ester of the isonipecotic acids.magnified image
Soybean response to dicamba exposure in furrow irrigation
Authors: Grantz Erin , Lee Jung Ae , Willett Cammy , Norsworthy Jason K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSensitive crop exposure to residual dicamba in irrigation is a potential hazard in regions with overlapping use of transgenic dicamba‐resistant crops and on‐farm water storage–tailwater recovery (OFWS‐TWR) systems. This field study examined non–dicamba‐resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for response to a dicamba dose gradient (7.6–630 g ae ha−1) in a furrow irrigation system. In a second study, growth stage and application timing effects were explored, with dicamba applied at 160 g ae ha−1 in entirety to V3 or R1 soybean or split across exposure events. Plant injury 14 and 28 d after treatment (DAT) increased with dose, with significant injury at 160–630 g ae ha−1. Plant injury 28 DAT was higher after split exposure compared with single exposure. Height and yield reduction occurred at 160–630 g ae ha−1 and in plants treated at reproductive growth stages. Regression models associated yield loss of 10, 20, and 30%, with effective doses of 19, 43, and 110 g ae ha−1, respectively, and plant injury 14 DAT of ∼10, ∼25, and ∼40%, respectively. Dicamba doses in irrigation that elicited equivalent response to foliar exposure were up to an order of magnitude higher, suggesting soybean plants are less sensitive to root uptake of dicamba. Alternately, dissipation in the environment may reduce total uptake. Off‐target dicamba exposure in irrigation will likely result in yield loss if tailwater dicamba concentrations exceeding ∼0.20 mg L−1 in 30.8 ha‐mm irrigation. This high residual concentration would likely only occur in OFWS‐TWR systems under “worst‐case scenario” conditions.
Combining ability for the improvement of vegetable soybean
Authors: Silva e Souza Renan , Barbosa Pedro Augusto Medeiros , Yassue Rafael Massahiro , Bornhofen Elesandro , Espolador Fernando Garcia , Nazato Felipe Maniero , Vello Natal Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne use of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] as food is as a vegetable, also known as edamame, in which the green pods with seeds fully developed are harvested, cooked briefly, and consumed. Few efforts have been devoted to developing new soybean cultivars with high agronomic performance and characteristics suitable for human consumption. In the present research, crosses between six soybean lines were performed in a diallel scheme without reciprocals to determine the combining ability and the type of gene action that controls the inheritance of development and yield component traits for edamame production. The results showed the existence of variability among the evaluated genotypes and indicated that the progenies presented superior performance in comparison to the parental lines for important traits. The cultivar BRS267 and the inbred line USP‐13‐19‐007 had consistently high estimates of general combining ability for pod and seed size, indicating their potential as parents in breeding for edamame. Most progenies had positive specific combining ability for pod and seed size, showing that generating novel genotypic combinations through new crossings is a promising strategy for improvement. Additive effects played a major role in the inheritance for maturity traits and for pod size, seed size, and yield; both additive and non‐additive effects were important. The magnitude and significance of the correlations indicated that it is possible to improve vegetable soybean traits without affecting grain yield.
Nutrition update in gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Kubota Takeshi , Shoda Katsutoshi , Konishi Hirotaka , Okamoto Kazuma , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPatients with gastric cancer are often malnourished during tumor progression. Malnutrition is a risk factor for postoperative complications and a poor prognosis. Early evaluation and management of nutrition can improve these outcomes. Various combined indices in which albumin is the primary component are used to evaluate the nutritional status, including the Prognostic Nutritional Index, Glasgow Prognostic Score, and Controlling Nutritional Status score. Both the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism guidelines recommend immediate and early oral/enteral nutrition. However, few reports have described the additional effects of preoperative immunonutrition on clinical outcomes of gastric cancer surgery. Gastrectomy types and reconstruction methods that consider the postoperative nutritional status have been used when oncologically acceptable. Total gastrectomy has recently tended to be avoided because of its negative impact on nutritional status. New findings obtained from the emergence of continuous glucose measurement, such as glucose fluctuation and nocturnal hypoglycemia, may affect nutritional management after gastrectomy. Some prospective clinical studies on perioperative nutritional intervention have set postoperative body weight loss as a primary endpoint. It seems important to continue oral nutritional supplement, even in small doses, to reduce body weight loss after gastrectomy. Evidence generated by prospective, well‐developed randomized controlled studies must be disseminated so that nutritional therapy is widely recognized as an important multimodal therapy in patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery.
Walther Bothe's Graphite: Physics, Impurities, and Blame in the German Nuclear Program
Authors: Reed B. Cameron 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe physics, experimental setup, and analysis of results involved in Walther Bothe and Peter Jensen's mistaken 1941 measurement of the capture cross section for thermal neutrons by carbon are examined. Their experiment, while well‐conceived and executed, was corrupted by the presence of unappreciated impurities. This erroneous measurement was crucial as it prompted a decision by German military administrators to abandon graphite as a possible moderator for a nuclear pile in favor of heavy water, a decision which set their program back irreparably.
Die unterschiedliche Struktur und Dynamik der Sphingosin‐ und Acylketten von Ceramid [NS] verändern unser Verständnis der Struktur der Hautbarriere
Authors: Engberg Oskar , Kováčik Andrej , Pullmannová Petra , Juhaščik Martin , Opálka Lukáš , Huster Daniel , Vávrová Kateřina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIm Modell der äußeren Hautschicht wird die Lipidphase durch sehr rigide Moleküle in einer orthorhombischen Phase gebildet, die den Körper vor Umwelteinflüssen schützt. Durch Synthese von Sphingosin‐d28‐deuteriertem N‐Lignoceroyl‐d‐erythro‐sphingosin (Ceramid [NS]) waren wir in der Lage, die Struktur und Dynamik beider Lipidketten in biologisch relevanten Mischungen mittels Röntgendiffraktion, 2H‐NMR‐ und Infrarot‐Spektroskopie vergleichen zu können. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei physiologischer Temperatur ein substantieller Teil der Sphingosin‐Ketten in einer fluiden und dynamischen Phase vorliegen. Diese Ergebnisse bedingen eine Modifizierung unseres Verständnisses der Hautlipidbarriere, nach der eine gestreckte Konformation von Ceramid [NS] bevorzugt und eine Domänenstruktur vorgeschlagen wird. Bewegliche Lipidketten könnten essentiell für die Hautelastizität und die Permeation wichtiger Moleküle sein.
The Fe‐N‐C Nanozyme with Both Accelerated and Inhibited Biocatalytic Activities Capable of Accessing Drug–Drug Interactions
Authors: Xu Yuan , Xue Jing , Zhou Qing , Zheng Yongjun , Chen Xinghua , Liu Songqin , Shen Yanfei , Zhang Yuanjian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmerging as a cost‐effective and robust enzyme mimic, nanozymes have drawn increasing attention with broad applications ranging from cancer therapy to biosensing. Developing nanozymes with both accelerated and inhibited biocatalytic properties in a biological context is intriguing to peruse more advanced functions of natural enzymes, but remains challenging, because most nanozymes are lack of enzyme‐like molecular structures. By re‐visiting and engineering the well‐known Fe‐N‐C electrocatalyst that has a heme‐like Fe‐Nx active sites, herein, it is reported that Fe‐N‐C could not only catalyze drug metabolization but also had inhibition behaviors similar to cytochrome P450 (CYP), endowing it a potential replacement of CYP for preliminary evaluation of massive potential chemicals, drug dosing guide, and outcome prediction. In addition, in contrast to electrocatalysts, the highly graphitic framework of Fe‐N‐C may not be obligatory for a competitive CYP‐like activity.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Investigation of Bright Orange‐Emitting Benzothiadiazole [10]Cycloparaphenylene
Authors: Lovell Terri C. , Garrison Zachary R. , Jasti Ramesh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConjugated aromatic macrocycles are attractive due to their unique photophysical and optoelectronic properties. In particular, the cyclic radially oriented π‐system of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) gives rise to photophysical properties unlike any other small molecule or carbon nanomaterial. CPPs have tunable emission, possess large extinction coefficients, wide effective Stokes shifts, and high quantum yields. However, accessing bright CPPs with emissions beyond 500 nm remains difficult. Herein, we present a novel and bright orange‐emitting CPP‐based fluorophore showing a dramatic 105 nm red‐shift in emission and striking 237 nm effective Stokes shift while retaining a large quantum yield of 0.59. We postulate, and experimentally and theoretically support, that the quantum yield remains large due to the lack of intramolecular charge transfer.
The Sphingosine and Acyl Chains of Ceramide [NS] Show Very Different Structure and Dynamics That Challenge Our Understanding of the Skin Barrier
Authors: Engberg Oskar , Kováčik Andrej , Pullmannová Petra , Juhaščik Martin , Opálka Lukáš , Huster Daniel , Vávrová Kateřina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe lipid phase of the uppermost human skin layer is thought to comprise highly rigid lipids in an orthorhombic phase state to protect the body against the environment. By synthesizing sphingosine‐d28 deuterated N‐lignoceroyl‐d‐erythro‐sphingosine (ceramide [NS]), we compare the structure and dynamics of both chains of that lipid in biologically relevant mixtures using X‐ray diffraction, 2H NMR analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. Our results reveal a substantial fraction of sphingosine chains in a fluid and dynamic phase state at physiological temperature. These findings prompt revision of our current understanding of the skin lipid barrier, where an extended ceramide [NS] conformation is preferred and a possible domain structure is proposed. Mobile lipid chains may be crucial for skin elasticity and the translocation of physiologically important molecules.
NIR‐II AIEgens: A Win–Win Integration towards Bioapplications
Authors: Xu Wenhan , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window facilitated by aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) is an emerging research field. NIR‐II AIEgens overcome limitations imposed by penetration depth and fluorescence efficiency, offering high‐performance imaging with enhanced precision. Some reported NIR‐II AIEgens demonstrate capabilities for fluorescence and photoacoustic bimodal imaging, and fluorescence imaging guided photothermal therapy, which not only improves diagnosis accuracy but provides an efficient theranostic platform to accelerate preclinical translation as well. This minireview summarizes recent efforts on exploiting NIR‐II AIEgens with regard to molecular design strategies and bioapplications, and puts forward current challenges and promising prospects. This timely sketch should benefit the further exploitation of diverse and multifunctional NIR‐II AIEgens for a wide array of applications.
Cyclopropenylmethyl Cation: A Concealed Intermediate in Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Kreuzahler Mathis , Haberhauer Gebhard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe last years have witnessed many gold‐catalyzed reactions of alkynes. One of the most prominent species in the reaction of two alkyne units is the vinyl‐substituted gold vinylidene intermediate. Here, we were able to show that the reaction of a haloacetylene and an alkyne proceeds via a hitherto overlooked intermediate, namely the cyclopropenylmethyl cation. The existence and relative stability of this concealed intermediate is verified by quantum chemical calculations and 13C‐labeling experiments. A comparison between the cyclopropenylmethyl cation and the well‐known vinylidene intermediate reveals that the latter is more stable only for smaller cycles. However, this stability reverses in larger cycles. In the case of the smallest representative of both species, the vinylidene cation is the transition state en route to the cyclopropenylmethyl cation. The discovery of this intermediate should help to get a deeper understanding for gold‐catalyzed carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions of alkynes. Furthermore, since enynes can be formed from the cyclopropenylmethyl cation, the inclusion of this intermediate should enable the development of new synthetic methods for the construction of larger cyclic halogenated and non‐halogenated conjugated enyne systems.
Paratracheal abscess after traumatic tracheal intubation
Authors: Leader P. , Curry S. , Pate S. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryMajor complications of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are rare. However, mucosal trauma during airway management can lead to the introduction of oropharyngeal bacterial flora into the deep neck spaces, with the potential for fatal complications. This report describes the development of a paratracheal abscess in a healthy 62‐year‐old man following an outpatient herniorrhaphy. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics and underwent ultrasound‐guided needle aspiration of the abscess. He was later re‐admitted to the hospital with re‐accumulation of the abscess, which was successfully treated by open surgical drainage. Though deep neck space infection following laryngoscopy is more common in patients with significant comorbidities and when tracheal intubation has been difficult, this case highlights the need for careful airway management in all patients.
Characterization of Amount and Quality of Tucuman Kernel Oil as a Potential Biomass
Authors: Didonet Adriano Amir , Antoniassi Rosemar , Back Gabriela Reis , de Faria‐Machado Adelia Ferreira , Wilhelm Allan Eduardo , Ferraz Isolde Dorothea Kossmann 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmazonian tucuman (Astrocaryum aculeatum) fruit pulp is consumed directly without heat treatment, and is appreciated in the region of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. The kernel is discarded after pulp removal, resulting in costs related to waste management. This study aimed to perform an estimate on the annual amount of kernels generated by commercialization of tucuman fruit in six markets in Manaus by monthly application of questionnaires to merchants. The yield of edible pulp and kernels were assessed, as well as the yield and characteristics of kernel oil. Fruits consisted of pulp (26% fresh weight) and the coproduct is mainly pyrene (70%), comprising a hard woody endocarp (61%) and an oily kernel (39% dry weight). Kernel oil yield ranged from 28% to 45%. The generated coproducts were estimated as 272 t/y (fresh weight) and approximately 6–10 t/y of lauric oil could be obtained. The main fatty acids were lauric—12:0 (52.3–57.5%) and myristic—14:0 (23.4–27.1%), presenting a similar profile to other lauric oils such as coconut, palm kernel, and babassu oils. Oxidative stability ranged from 20 to 44 hours, which is considered high compared to other lauric oils. The recovery of this coproduct will improve the sustainability of the tucuman chain, providing a new product of Amazonian biodiversity and reducing the environmental impact.