bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography of basal cell carcinoma: a descriptive study
Authors: Suppa M. , Fontaine M. , Dejonckheere G. , Cinotti E. , Yélamos O. , Diet G. , Tognetti L. , Miyamoto M. , Orte Cano C. , Perez‐Anker J. , Panagiotou V. , Trepant A.L. , Monnier J. , Berot V. , Puig S. , Rubegni P. , Malvehy J. , Perrot J.L. , del Marmol V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis and subtype classification of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are crucial to reduce morbidity and optimize treatment. Good accuracy in differentiating BCC from clinical imitators has been achieved with existing diagnostic strategies but lower performance in discriminating BCC subtypes. Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) is a new technology able to combine the technical advantages of reflectance confocal microscopy and OCT.ObjectivesTo identify and describe LC‐OCT criteria associated with BCC and explore their association with BCC subtypes.MethodsBasal cell carcinoma were imaged with a handheld LC‐OCT device before surgical excision. LC‐OCT images were retrospectively evaluated by three observers for presence/absence of criteria for BCC. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to find independent predictors of BCC subtypes.ResultsEighty‐nine histopathologically proven BCCs were included, of which 66 (74.2%) were pure subtypes [superficial BCC (sBCC): 19/66 (28.8%); nodular BCC (nBCC): 31/66 (47.0%); infiltrative BCC (iBCC): 16/66 (24.2%)]. Lobules, blood vessels and small bright cells within epidermis/lobules were the most frequent criteria for BCC. LC‐OCT criteria independently associated with sBCC were presence of hemispheric lobules, absence of lobule separation from the epidermis, absence of stretching of the stroma; with nBCC were presence of macrolobules, absence of lobule connection to the epidermis; and with iBCC were presence of branched lobules.ConclusionsThis was the first study describing the characteristics of BCC under LC‐OCT examination. We proposed morphologic criteria, which could be potentially useful for diagnosis and subtype classification of BCC, as well as for its therapeutic management. Future studies are needed to assess these hypotheses.
Medicaid expansion and neonatal outcomes in Oregon
Authors: Harvey S. Marie , Gibbs Susannah , Oakley Lisa , Luck Jeff , Yoon Jangho 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesLow‐income women disproportionately experience preventable, adverse neonatal outcomes. Prior to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion, many low‐income women became eligible for coverage only after becoming pregnant, reducing their access to healthcare before pregnancy and creating discontinuities in care that may delay Medicaid enrollment. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the ACA Medicaid expansion on neonatal outcomes among low‐income populations in Oregon.MethodWe used linked Oregon birth certificate and Medicaid data from 2008‐2016 to identify control and policy groups of women who gave birth both before and after implementation of the ACA Medicaid expansion (n = 21 204 births to N = 10 602 women). We conducted a difference‐in‐differences analysis of the effect of Medicaid expansion on preterm birth, low birthweight (LBW), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, and neonatal mortality.ResultsWe found policy effects on reducing LBW (interaction aOR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57‐0.90) and preterm birth (interaction aOR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62 = 0.96) but not on NICU admissions or neonatal mortality.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that expanding Medicaid coverage may have positive effects on LBW and preterm birth, which could lead to important long‐term impacts on childhood and later‐life health outcomes. States that have not expanded their Medicaid programs might improve neonatal outcomes among low‐income populations by extending insurance coverage to low‐income adults.
Self‐consistent charging of PMMA thin film induced by a penetrating electron beam in electron microscopy
Authors: Li Wei‐Qin , Qian Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe charging of the polymer thin film irradiated by penetrating electron beam (e‐beam) is investigated, in parallel with the numerical simulation and experiment. The simulation is performed by combining scattering, drift, diffusion, trapping and recombination. Results show that, due to the electron emission the net charge near the surface is distribution positively, but negatively inside the film because of low electron mobility. The surface potential is positive near surface and accordingly forces some of secondary electrons to return surface. As irradiation proceeds, currents flowing into and out of the film can tend to equilibrium. In the equilibrium state, with increasing beam energy, the surface potential and the efficient emission current decrease, and the electron beam‐induced current and the transmission current tend to zero and the beam current valuable, respectively. E‐beams of 10‐30 keV cause positive charging on PMMA film of 2 µm, which means the high‐energy e‐beam can effectively discharge a thin film that has been charged negatively by irradiation with low‐energy e‐beam. With the increase of the film thickness from 1 to 3 µm, the positive surface potential and the emission current decreases and increases, respectively, and the transmission current tends to zero.
Why Swedes Trust the State and Scots Do Not: An Exploration of the Diverse Protestant Roots of Modern Welfare Systems
Authors: Naumann Ingela K. , Paterson Lindsay 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper explores how the Protestant traditions of Calvinist Presbyterianism and Lutheranism have shaped church‐state relations differently in Scotland and Sweden, resulting in different understandings of the role of the state and civil society in public welfare. It finds that high levels of public trust in the state's authority and state intervention in Sweden can be traced back to Lutheran doctrine and institutionally close links between the Swedish Church and the state, while in Scotland trusting independent civil society and its responsibility for welfare reflects the distance of the Presbyterian Scottish Kirk from the state both in theological and institutional terms.
Liver transplantation for acute‐on‐chronic liver failure predicts post‐transplant mortality and impaired long‐term quality of life
Authors: Goosmann Lukas , Buchholz Angela , Bangert Katrin , Fuhrmann Valentin , Kluge Stefan , Lohse Ansgar W. , Huber Samuel , Fischer Lutz , Sterneck Martina , Huebener Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmong patients with cirrhosis, candidate selection and timing of liver transplantation (LT) remain problematic. Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe complication of cirrhosis with excessive short‐term mortality rates under conservative therapeutic measures. The role of LT in the management of ACLF is uncertain.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of ACLF on post‐LT survival and long‐term graft function, morbidity and quality of life (QoL).MethodsWe retrospectively analysed all cirrhosis patients undergoing LT at our institution between 01/2009 and 12/2014. Median follow‐up was 8.7 years. Long‐term LT survivors were interviewed with established QoL questionnaires.ResultsOf 250 LT recipients, 98 fulfilled the EASL diagnostic ACLF criteria before LT (‘ACLF‐LT’). ACLF associated with reduced post‐LT survival (HR for 6‐month survival compared to non‐ACLF‐LT: 0.18; HR for 10‐year‐survival: 0.47; both P < .001) depending on ACLF severity before LT, and mainly inferred by infections both in the early and late phases after LT. In ACLF patients, CLIFc‐OFs was superior to MELD score in predicting post‐LT mortality. Long‐term follow‐up revealed comparable graft functions and comorbidity burden in ACLF‐LT and non‐ACLF‐LT survivors. ACLF‐LT patients reported significantly impaired health and QoL, particularly with regards to anxiety/depression and physical and psychological health (all P < .05). LabMELD score, presence of ACLF at LT and duration of post‐LT intensive care associated with poor long‐term QoL.ConclusionACLF predicts impaired post‐LT survival. While long‐term graft function and extrahepatic comorbidities are comparable in ACLF and non‐ACLF LT survivors, the strikingly low QoL in many ACLF‐LT recipients warrants consideration during follow‐up patient care.
A qualitative study of caring in hospice wards in Shanghai
Authors: Chen Shu Hui , Lai Xiao Bin , Chen Li Qun , Xia Hai Ou , Chen Chun Yan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite the large number of people with cancer who need hospice care, utilization rates at community hospice service in Shanghai are low. This study aimed to review the care provided in these hospice wards and examine the difficulties in delivering service. Fourteen hospice care providers were interviewed, and the data analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Three themes emerged from the interviews: (i) characteristics of hospice patients, mostly cancer patients at the end‐of‐life stage (within 3‐months of life expectancy) who were admitted without awareness of their condition; (ii) components of care, from physicians and nurses who focused mainly on physical problems as psycho‐spiritual care stagnated at a superficial level; and (iii) difficulties in care, including a lack of patients as well as inadequacies in service, along with suggestions for the future. Efforts at improvement should be made in both the health care system and society. To address the lack of patients, doctors in secondary/tertiary care hospitals need improved skills in discussing end‐of‐life care, while the general public needs better awareness and acceptance of hospice care. Solutions should respect the perspective of patients and their families, while hospice care providers must also enhance their skills of communication and psycho‐spiritual care.
SPX4 interacts with both PHR1 and PAP1 to regulate critical steps in phosphorus‐status‐dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: He Yuqing , Zhang Xueying , Li Linying , Sun Zongtao , Li Junmin , Chen Xiaoya , Hong Gaojie 
Published: December 2020

Summary

Phosphate (Pi) is the plant‐accessible form of phosphorus, and its insufficiency limits plant growth. The over‐accumulation of anthocyanins in plants is often an indication of Pi starvation. However, whether the two pathways are directly linked and which components are involved in this process await identification.

Here, we demonstrate that SPX4, a conserved regulator of the Pi response, transduces the Pi starvation signal to anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. When phr1spx4 plants were grown under low Pi conditions, DFR expression and anthocyanin biosynthesis were induced, which distinguished the plant from the behavior reported in the phr1 mutant. We also provide evidence that SPX4 interacts with PAP1, an MYB transcription factor that controls the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, in an inositol polyphosphate‐dependent manner.

Through a physical interaction, SPX4 prevented PAP1 from binding to its target gene promoter; by contrast, during Pi‐deficient conditions, in the absence of inositol polyphosphates, PAP1 was released from SPX to activate anthocyanin biosynthesis.

Our results reveal a direct link between Pi deficiency and flavonoid metabolism. This new regulatory module, at least partially independent from PHR1, may contribute to developing a strategy for plants to adapt to Pi starvation.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces a proatherosclerotic response in human endothelial cells in a three‐dimensional collagen scaffold model
Authors: Torres Maria A. , Gualtero Diego F. , Lafaurie Gloria I. , Fontanilla Marta R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe role of periodontopathogens in inflammatory endothelial dysfunction is not known. This study characterizes a three‐dimensional model with human coronary artery endothelial cells on three‐dimensional (HCAEC‐3D) type I collagen scaffolds to evaluate whether infection with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces a proinflammatory response associated with atherosclerosis. The HCAEC‐3D culture was physicochemically characterized with regard to biocompatibility and barrier function. Then, the culture was infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans strain ATCC 29522 at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 1:1, 1:10, and 1:100. Cultures without infection and stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide were used as controls. The secretion of soluble factors (IL‐6, IL‐1β, MCP‐1, RANTES, MIP‐1, IL‐8, IL‐1α, and TNF‐α) was evaluated via flow cytometry; TGF‐β1 was evaluated via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The adhesion and migration of fluorescent human THP‐1 monocytes was evaluated. IL‐8, MCP‐1, and IL‐6 secretion increased in a dose‐dependent manner with A. actinomycetemcomitans infection and was significantly greater than that under control treatment. The concentration of TGF‐β1 was significantly higher at MOI 1:100 than in controls. Treatment of the 3D cultures with A. actinomycetemcomitans at different MOIs induced significant differences in the adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium compared to the control without infection. Lastly, conditioned media from 3D cultures treated with A. actinomycetemcomitans induced monocyte migration. The effects of IL‐8, MCP‐1, IL‐6, and TGF‐β1 on the endothelium indicate the ability of A. actinomycetemcomitans to induce an inflammatory response through a mechanism of monocyte adhesion and migration and endothelial dysfunction.
Transcriptome and translatome changes in germinated pollen under heat stress uncover roles of transporter genes involved in pollen tube growth
Authors: Poidevin Laetitia , Forment Javier , Unal Dilek , Ferrando Alejandro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlant reproduction is one key biological process that is very sensitive to heat stress and, as a result, enhanced global warming becomes a serious threat to agriculture. In this work, we have studied the effects of heat on germinated pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana both at the transcriptional and translational level. We have used a high‐resolution ribosome profiling technology to provide a comprehensive study of the transcriptome and the translatome of germinated pollen at permissive and restrictive temperatures. We have found significant down‐regulation of key membrane transporters required for pollen tube growth by heat, thus uncovering heat‐sensitive targets. A subset of the heat‐repressed transporters showed coordinated up‐regulation with canonical heat‐shock genes at permissive conditions. We also found specific regulations at the translational level and we have uncovered the presence of ribosomes on sequences annotated as non‐coding. Our results demonstrate that heat impacts mostly on membrane transporters thus explaining the deleterious effects of heat stress on pollen growth. The specific regulations at the translational level and the presence of ribosomes on non‐coding RNAs highlights novel regulatory aspects on plant fertilization.
Macroeconomic instability and targeting rules for monetary policy in an endogenously growing small open economy
Authors: Chen Kuan‐jen , Lai Ching‐chong , Lai Ting‐wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBy using the feature that money can lower unit transaction costs, this paper develops a monetary endogenous growth model for a one‐sector small open economy, and uses it to examine the possibility of the occurrence of belief‐driven fluctuations. It is found that the emergence of belief‐driven fluctuations is crucially related to targeting rules for monetary policy. More specifically, when the monetary authorities target the specific money growth rate, macroeconomic instability generated by belief‐driven fluctuations can arise even if labor externalities are totally absent. This finding runs in sharp contrast to the Benhabib–Farmer assertion needed for the occurrence of belief‐driven fluctuations. It is also found that, when the monetary authorities target the specific inflation rate, macroeconomic instability generated by belief‐driven fluctuations can never prevail regardless of the extent of the unit transaction costs.
Predictors of caring ability and its dimensions among nurses in China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Xu Tianmeng , Wang Yongli , Wang Rongjin , Lamb Karen V. , Ren Dianxu , Dai Guizhi , Wang Li , Yue Peng 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundCaring is an essential component of professional nursing practice, which directly affects the quality of patient care. Nurses' caring ability may not meet patients' demands for high‐quality care. There are challenges in designing and implementing interventions to improve nurses’ caring ability, especially in China. Understanding Chinese nurses' caring ability and related influential factors serves as the basis for effective interventions to improve their ability to care for patients.AimTo describe the caring ability of nurses and its potential predictors in China.MethodsFrom January to February 2018, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 2304 Registered Nurses working at different levels of hospitals across 29 provinces in China. The structured online survey included socio‐demographic information, Caring Ability Inventory, Caring Efficacy Scale and Professional Quality of Life. Descriptive statistics, univariate analyses and multivariate analyses were conducted.ResultsOverall caring ability and its three dimensions of the participants were all significantly lower than the Nkongho’ norm, an international scoring standard of nurse’s caring ability. Age, employment type, workplace, caring efficacy, compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress were predictors of knowing, explaining 41.8% of the variance. Predictors of courage were educational level, bereavement experience, caring efficacy, compassion satisfaction and burnout (31.7% of the variance). Educational level, workplace, exposure to critically ill patients, caring efficacy, compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress were influencing factors of patience, accounting for 19.5% of the variance.ConclusionsChinese nurses' caring ability, with patience, knowing, and courage in descending order. Particular attention needs to be paid to the courage dimension of the nurses' caring ability. Further, the predictors of overall caring ability and each dimension were diverse. These results indicate that nurse educators and administrators need to identify training priorities and design targeted interventions based on the influencing factors.
Fatal sepsis associated with a storage container leak permitting platelet contamination with environmental bacteria after pathogen reduction
Authors: Fadeyi Emmanuel A. , Wagner Stephen J. , Goldberg Corinne , Lu Thea , Young Pampee , Bringmann Peter W. , Meier Nathaniel M , Namen Andrew M. , Benjamin Richard J. , Palavecino Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPathogen reduction technology and enhanced bacterial culture screening promise to significantly reduce the risk of transfusion‐associated septic reactions due to contaminated platelets. Recent reports suggest that these interventions lack efficacy for post‐collection and processing contamination with environmental organisms if the storage bag integrity is compromised.Case ReportWe report a fatal septic transfusion reaction in a 63‐year‐old patient with chronic kidney and liver disease who received a pathogen reduced platelet transfusion in anticipation of surgery.MethodsThe residual platelet concentrate was cultured, with the detected microorganisms undergoing 16S genotype sequencing. Separate pathogen reduction studies were performed on the recovered bacteria, including assessment for amotosalen photoproducts. The storage container was subjected to pressure testing and microscopic examination. Environmental culture screening was performed at the hospital.ResultsGram negative rods were detected in the platelet unit and cultures of both platelet component and the patient's blood grewAcinetobacter baumannii complex,Leclercia adecarboxylata and Staphylococcus saprophyticus.These strains were effectively inactivated with >7.2, 7.7, and >7.1 log10kill, respectively. The platelet storage container revealed a leak visible only on pressure testing. Hospital environmental cultures were negative and the contamination source is unknown.A. baumannii complexandS. saprophyticus16S genotyping sequences were identical to those implicated in a previously reported septic reaction.ConclusionFindings are compatible with post‐processing environmental contamination of a pathogen reduced platelet concentrate via a non‐visible, acquired storage container leak. Efforts are warranted to actively prevent damage to, and detect defects in, platelet storage containers, and to store and transport components in clean environments.
Retrieval transfusion protocol in New South Wales, Australia: A retrospective review of the first 5 years
Authors: Shand Sophie , Curtis Kate , Dinh Michael , Burns Brian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmbulance service blood transfusion is an area of rapid development. In New South Wales, Australia, the blood products carried by ambulance medical teams are often the first available to patients with critical bleeding. In addition to the blood products routinely carried by these teams, the Service created and implemented a method of initiating large‐volume, mixed‐product transfusions using existing blood banks: the Retrieval Transfusion Procedure (RTP). This article describes the trends and characteristics of New South Wales Ambulance RTP activations.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective database review examines the patient records for all RTP activations. Key areas of investigation include logistics, product requests, population demographics, etiologies, physiology, mission timings, and transfusions.ResultsAmbulance medical teams attended 27 531 missions in the reviewed period, 1573 patients received transfusion, and there were 138 RTP activations. Blood products were sourced from 40 banks and transported by police (46.7%), ambulance (27.1%), and helicopter (13.0%) to refueling stops (39.2%), prehospital scenes (24.2%) and hospitals (15.8%). The median time engaged on each mission was 189 minutes for metropolitan and 222 minutes for rural locations. Seventy‐eight patients were transfused with RTP blood products; 83.3% were traumas, of which 63.1% were motor vehicle collisions. Up to 18 units of blood products were administered before hospital arrival. There was significant (P < .001) improvement in the mean shock index of transfused patients between the first and final observations recorded.ConclusionsAmbulance service extended blood product transfusion is logistically achievable and facilitates emergency transfusions throughout the state with minimal additional infrastructure.