bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Myostain (MSTN) and Myogenic Differentiation Antigen (MyoD) and the Effect of Dexamethasone on Their Expression in Large-Scale Loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus
Authors: Du Zongjun , Wang Tianzhu , Ming Wei , Luo Wei , Xu Huaming , Lin Rongnan , Wen Anxiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) and myogenic differentiation antigen (MyoD) play an essential role in specification and differentiation of skeletal muscle. However, the role of stress in the regulation of MyoD and MSTN has not been fully revealed and more evidence should be provided. Here, we reported the cloning and expressional analyses of MSTN and MyoD in Large-scale Loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus (hereafter PdMSTN and PdMyoD). Injecting individuals with 0, 60, 600, and 1,200 μg/kg dexamethasone (DXM) for five consecutive days resulted in a dose-dependent change of PdMSTN and PdMyoD expression. The expression of PdMSTN was upregulated with increasing DXM concentrations, while PdMyoD expression was downregulated. The changes in the expression of these genes at different time points for 10 consecutive days were studied after individuals were treated with 600 μg/kg DXM. Compared with the control group, PdMSTN expression decreased and PdMyoD expression increased before 12 h, and both PdMSTN and PdMyoD expression levels increased at 24 h, which was significantly higher than those in control group. At a prolonged treatment of 5–10 d, expression levels of PdMSTN and PdMyoD had significantly reduced. The results indicate that both PdMyoD and PdMSTN are involved in DXM-induced stress in Large-scale Loach.
Technical Note: Development of 3D‐printed breast phantoms for end‐to‐end testing of whole breast volumetric arc radiotherapy
Authors: Delombaerde Laurence , Petillion Saskia , Weltens Caroline , De Roover Robin , Reynders Truus , Depuydt Tom 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnd‐to‐end testing of a new breast radiotherapy technique preferably requires realistic phantom geometries, which is challenging to achieve using currently commercially available solutions. We have developed a series of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed breast phantoms, with ionization chamber and radiochromic film inserts, which can be attached to a commercial anthropomorphic thorax phantom. A contoured left breast from a patient’s planning CT was mapped onto a CT of the CIRS E2E thorax phantom (CIRS Inc.) and cropped to fit the surface. Four versions of the breast were 3D printed, containing a cavity for an ionization chamber and slits for radiochromic film insertion in the three cardinal planes, respectively. The phantoms were fully compatible with surface scanning technology used for setup. The phantoms were validated using a whole‐breast volumetric modulated arc therapy protocol with a simultaneous integrated boost to the tumor bed (VMAT‐SIB). Six patient plans and one original plan on the breast phantom were verified with planar portal imaging, point dose, and film measurements in the MultiCube phantom and planar γ‐analysis using ArcCHECK diode array. Six patient plans were recalculated on the breast phantom (hybrid plans) and delivered with point dose and film measurements with 3% (local)/2 mm γ‐analysis. One complete end‐to‐end test on the breast phantom was performed. All plan quality verifications had point dose differences below 2.4% from the calculated dose and γ‐agreement scores (γAS) > 87.3% for film measurements in the MultiCube, portal dosimetry, and ArcCHECK. Point dose differences in the 3D‐printed phantoms were below 2.6% (median −1.4%, range −2.6%; 0.3%). Median γAS was 96.4% (range 80.1%–99.7%) for all film inserts. The proposed 3D‐printed attachable breast dosimetry phantoms have been shown to be a valuable tool for end‐to‐end testing of a new radiotherapy protocol. The workflow described in this report can aid users to create their own phantom‐specific breast 3D‐printed phantoms.
Faster RCNN‐based detection of cervical spinal cord injury and disc degeneration
Authors: Ma Shaolong , Huang Yang , Che Xiangjiu , Gu Rui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can indirectly reflect microscopic changes in lesions on the spinal cord; however, the application of deep learning to MRI to classify and detect lesions for cervical spinal cord diseases has not been sufficiently explored. In this study, we implemented a deep neural network for MRI to detect lesions caused by cervical diseases. We retrospectively reviewed the MRI of 1,500 patients irrespective of whether they had cervical diseases. The patients were treated in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2018. We randomly divided the MRI data into three groups of datasets: disc group (800 datasets), injured group (200 datasets), and normal group (500 datasets). We designed the relevant parameters and used a faster‐region convolutional neural network (Faster R‐CNN) combined with a backbone convolutional feature extractor using the ResNet‐50 and VGG‐16 networks, to detect lesions during MRI. Experimental results showed that the prediction accuracy and speed of Faster R‐CNN with ResNet‐50 and VGG‐16 in detecting and recognizing lesions from a cervical spinal cord MRI were satisfactory. The mean average precisions (mAPs) for Faster R‐CNN with ResNet‐50 and VGG‐16 were 88.6 and 72.3%, respectively, and the testing times was 0.22 and 0.24 s/image, respectively. Faster R‐CNN can identify and detect lesions from cervical MRIs. To some extent, it may aid radiologists and spine surgeons in their diagnoses. The results of our study can provide motivation for future research to combine medical imaging and deep learning.
A novel hypomorphic splice variant in EIF2B5 gene is associated with mild ovarioleukodystrophy
Authors: Rodríguez‐Palmero Agustí , Schlüter Agatha , Verdura Edgard , Ruiz Montserrat , Martínez Juan José , Gourlaouen Isabelle , Ka Chandran , Lobato Ricardo , Casasnovas Carlos , Le Gac Gérald , Fourcade Stéphane , Pujol Aurora 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the genetic cause in an adult ovarioleukodystrophy patient resistant to diagnosis.MethodsWe applied whole‐exome sequencing (WES) to a vanishing white matter disease patient associated with premature ovarian failure at 26 years of age. We functionally tested an intronic variant by RT‐PCR on patient’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and by minigene splicing assay.ResultsWES analysis identified two novel variants in the EIF2B5 gene: c.725A > G (p.Tyr242Cys) and an intronic noncanonical mutation (c.1156 + 13G>A). This intronic mutation resulted into generation of various isoforms both in patient’s PBMC and in the minigene splicing assay, showing that ~20% residual wild‐type isoform is still expressed by the intronic‐mutated allele alone, concordant with an hypomorphic effect of this variant.ConclusionWe report two novel variants in EIF2B5, one of them a noncanonical intronic splice variant, located at a +13 intronic position. This position is mutated only in 0.05% of ClinVar intronic mutations described so far. Furthermore, we illustrate how minigene splicing assay may be advantageous when validating splice‐altering variants, in this case highlighting the coexistence of wild‐type and mutated forms, probably explaining this patient’s milder, late‐onset phenotype.
An Electroactive Oligo‐EDOT Platform for Neural Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ritzau‐Reid Kaja I. , Spicer Christopher D. , Gelmi Amy , Grigsby Christopher L. , Ponder James F. , Bemmer Victoria , Creamer Adam , Vilar Ramon , Serio Andrea , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe unique electrochemical properties of the conductive polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) make it an attractive material for use in neural tissue engineering applications. However, inadequate mechanical properties, and difficulties in processing and lack of biodegradability have hindered progress in this field. Here, the functionality of PEDOT:PSS for neural tissue engineering is improved by incorporating 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) oligomers, synthesized using a novel end‐capping strategy, into block co‐polymers. By exploiting end‐functionalized oligoEDOT constructs as macroinitiators for the polymerization of poly(caprolactone), a block co‐polymer is produced that is electroactive, processable, and bio‐compatible. By combining these properties, electroactive fibrous mats are produced for neuronal culture via solution electrospinning and melt electrospinning writing. Importantly, it is also shown that neurite length and branching of neural stem cells can be enhanced on the materials under electrical stimulation, demonstrating the promise of these scaffolds for neural tissue engineering.
Self‐Powered, Electrochemical Carbon Nanotube Pressure Sensors for Wave Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Fang Shaoli , Nie Jun , Fei Peng , Aliev Ali E. , Baughman Ray H. , Xu Ming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderwater pressure sensors with high sensitivity over a broad pressure range are urgently required for the collection of valuable data on pressure changes associated with various wave motions. Here, a class of carbon‐nanotube‐based pressure sensors, which can be directly used in oceans without packaging, is reported. They use salt water as an electrolyte for electrochemically converting mechanical hydraulic energy into electrical energy and generating electrical signals in response to pressure changes in seawater. They can sense wave amplitudes from 1 mm (i.e., 10 Pa) to 30 m, which covers the range of almost all wave motions, and provide high stability during cycling in seawater. Also, they are self‐powered and provide harvested gravimetric energy that is six orders of magnitude higher than that for commercial piezoelectric sensors for frequencies below 2 Hz (the range within most wave motion occurs), which has not been achieved before. These self‐powered sensors operate from 4 to 60 °C and in direct contact with salt water having a wide range of salinities (from 0.1 to 5 mol L−1). Importantly, the unique electrochemical mechanism provides a new pressure sensing strategy to address the challenges in realizing high precision, low‐frequency pressure measurements, and a broad detection range.
Wood Derived Cellulose Scaffolds—Processing and Mechanics
Authors: Keplinger Tobias , Wittel Falk K. , Rüggeberg Markus , Burgert Ingo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWood‐derived cellulose materials obtained by structure‐retaining delignification are attracting increasing attention due to their excellent mechanical properties and great potential to serve as renewable and CO2 storing cellulose scaffolds for advanced hybrid materials with embedded functionality. Various delignification protocols and a multitude of further processing steps including polymer impregnation and densification are applied resulting in a large range of properties. However, treatment optimization requires a more comprehensive characterization of the developed materials in terms of structure, chemical composition, and mechanical properties for faster progress in the field. Herein, the current protocols for structure‐retaining delignification are reviewed and the emphasis is placed on the mechanical characterization at different hierarchical levels of the cellulose scaffolds by experiments and modeling to reveal the underlying structure–property relationships.
Nanocellulose in Emulsions and Heterogeneous Water‐Based Polymer Systems: A Review
Authors: Kedzior Stephanie A. , Gabriel Vida A. , Dubé Marc A. , Cranston Emily D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNanocelluloses (i.e., bacterial nanocellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, and cellulose nanofibrils) are cellulose‐based materials with at least one dimension in the nanoscale. These materials have unique and useful properties and have been shown to assemble at oil–water interfaces and impart new functionality to emulsion and latex systems. Herein, the use of nanocellulose in both emulsions and heterogeneous water‐based polymers is reviewed, including dispersion, suspension, and emulsion polymerization. Comprehensive tables describe past work employing nanocellulose as stabilizers or additives and the properties that can be tailored through the use of nanocellulose are highlighted. Even at low loadings, nanocellulose offers an unprecedented level of control as a property modifier for a range of emulsion and polymer applications, influencing, for example, emulsion type, stability, and stimuli‐responsive behavior. Nanocellulose can tune polymer particle properties such as size, surface charge, and morphology, or be used to produce capsules and polymer nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and adhesive properties. The role of nanocellulose is discussed, and a perspective for future direction is presented.
Self‐Powered Wireless Monitoring of Obstacle Position and State in Gas Pipe via Flow‐Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Zhao Xue , Zhang Ding , Xu Suwen , Qian Weiqi , Han Wei , Yang Ya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has attracted increasingly attention in a new energy field. However, it is still a huge challenge for TENG to transmit electricity or be self‐powered sensing without hard wires, which can reduce the efficiency of power generation and further cause inconvenience for connecting device. Here, a flow‐driven wireless TENG for efficient power transmission, ultrasensitive distance sensing, and obstacle monitoring in the gas pipe is reported. The wireless TENG can generate a voltage/current signal of about 121.0 V/4.4 µA at the receiving distance of 1.5 cm with a wind speed of 18.0 m s−1. When the distance is increased to 10.0 cm, the output voltage can be decreased to 8.0 V with a sensitivity of 92% owing to the decrease of induced charges on receiving electrodes. The relationship that the output voltage decreases with increasing the receiving distance has been confirmed, suggesting the possibility of the wireless TENG as a self‐powered distance sensor. Moreover, by installing several wireless TENGs uniformly in a gas pipe, the position and specific placement state of an obstacle in gas pipe can be effectively monitored with the self‐powered way.
Material Recognition Sensor Array by Electrostatic Induction and Triboelectric Effects
Authors: Rong Xin , Zhao Junqing , Guo Hang , Zhen Gaowei , Yu Jinghan , Zhang Chi , Dong Guifang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of the sensor array has received substantial attention due to its enormous potential in artificial intelligences. The development of a sensor array with supernatural functions is of great significance and this paper presents a sort of flexible sensor array capable of recognizing material based on the electrostatic induction and triboelectric effects. In the nature, different materials have different abilities of gaining or donating electrons. When a tested material (including plastic, glass, or metal) approaches or leaves different probe materials integrated in the sensor array, the amplitude and phase of the induced electrical signals, which are related to the inherent feature of the tested material, are detected and analyzed, and then, the tested material can be distinguished. This sort of flexible sensor array has advantages of quick response (70 ms), accurate identification, low cost, and easy fabrication. It has promising application in wearable electronic devices and intelligent robots.
Perfluorobutyl Iodide Mediated [1,2] and [2,3] Stevens Rearrangement for the Synthesis of Indolin‐3‐Ones
Authors: Chen Zhen‐Yu , Lin Bi‐Zhen , Chen Lei , Zou Yong , Yan Ming , Zhang Xue‐Jing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe tertiary amine and ketone components of 1‐carbonyl‐substituted anilines undergo [1,2] and [2,3] Stevens rearrangement reactions, triggered by a C4F9 radical, formed from electron donor–acceptor complexes. This approach enables the formation of a quaternary ammonium salt and thus a Stevens rearrangement to afford indolin‐3‐ones under mild conditions.magnified image
Choice of Nanovaccine Delivery Mode Has Profound Impacts on the Intralymph Node Spatiotemporal Distribution and Immunotherapy Efficacy
Authors: Wang Jianghua , Wang Shuang , Ye Tong , Li Feng , Gao Xiaoyong , Wang Yan , Ye Peng , Qing Shuang , Wang Changlong , Yue Hua , Wu Jie , Wei Wei , Ma Guanghui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNanovaccines have attracted booming interests in vaccinology studies, but the profound impacts of their delivery mode on immune response remain unrealized. Herein, immunostimulatory CpG‐modified tumor‐derived nanovesicles (CNVs) are used as a nanovaccine testbed to initially evaluate the impacts of three distinct delivery modes, including mono‐pulse CNVs, staggered‐pulse CNVs, and gel‐confined CNVs. Fundamentally, delivery mode has enormous impacts on the immunomodulatory effects, altering the spatiotemporal distribution of nanovaccine residence and dendritic cell–T cell interaction in lymph nodes, and finally affecting subsequent T cell‐mediated immune performance. As a result, the gel‐confined delivery mode offers the best therapeutic performance in multiple tumor models. When extending evaluation to examine how the various delivery modes impact the performance of liposome‐based nanovaccines, similar trends in intralymph node distribution and antitumor effect are observed. This work provides a strong empirical foundation that nanovaccine researchers should position delivery mode near the top of their considerations for the experimental design, which should speed up nanovaccine development and facilitate efficient selection of appropriate delivery modes in the clinic.
Implementing Community‐Based Participatory Research with Communities Affected by Humanitarian Crises: The Potential to Recalibrate Equity and Power in Vulnerable Contexts
Authors: Afifi Rima A. , Abdulrahim Sawsan , Betancourt Theresa , Btedinni Dima , Berent Jenna , Dellos Laura , Farrar Jordan , Nakkash Rima , Osman Rilwan , Saravanan Monisa , Story William. T. , Zombo Moses , Parker Edith 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWorldwide, over 70.8 million people are forcibly displaced from their homes as a result of persecution, conflict, violence, or human rights violation. In humanitarian crises, protection and the provision of basic needs are often prioritized. Research may be seen as opportunistic. However, without documenting and researching humanitarian responses, knowledge is not shared and does not accumulate, limiting the application of evidence‐based interventions where they are most needed. Research in humanitarian crises is complex, both ethically and methodologically. Community‐engaged research, and specifically community‐based participatory research (CBPR), can address some of the challenges of research in these settings. Using case studies of research we have conducted with communities affected by humanitarian crises, we highlight challenges and opportunities of the application of the ten core principles of CBPR in humanitarian settings. Despite some challenges and barriers, CBPR is a highly effective approach to use when engaging these populations in research. We argue that the application of CBPR in these settings has the potential to recalibrate the scales of equity and power among vulnerable populations.
Deletion rescue resulting in segmental homozygosity: A mechanism underlying discordant NIPT results
Authors: Caldwell Samantha , Sagaser Katelynn , Nelson Zoe , Frey Jennifer , Wardrop Jenna , Boomer Theresa , McCullough Ron , Schwartz Stuart 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the increasing capabilities of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), detection of sub‐chromosomal deletions and duplications are possible. This case series of deletion rescues resulting in segmental homozygosity helps provide a biological explanation for NIPT discrepancies and adds to the dearth of existing literature surrounding segmental UPD cases and their underlying mechanisms. In the three cases presented here, NIPT reported a sub‐chromosomal deletion (in isolation or as part of a complex finding). Diagnostic testing, however, revealed segmental homozygosity or UPD for the region reported deleted on NIPT. Postnatal placental testing was pursued in two cases and confirmed the NIPT findings. This discordance between the screening and diagnostic testing is suggestive of a corrective post‐zygotic event, such as telomere capture and/or deletion rescue, ultimately resulting in segmental homozygosity and fetoplacental mosaicism. Imprinted chromosomes and autosomal recessive disease genes make homozygosity an important clinical consideration. Amniocentesis with SNP microarray is particularly useful in determining both copy number and UPD issues alike.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Csp2−H Regioselective Thiocyanation of Free Anilines
Authors: Dai Peng , Li Chenxiao , Li Yufei , Xia Qing , Zhang Mingzhi , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Zhang Wei‐Hua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA highly efficient and general method for the direct Csp2−H radical thiocyanation of free anilines was developed under transition‐metal‐free conditions, which can be used with stable and nontoxic potassium SCN as a thiocyanation source and potassium persulfate as the oxidant to synthesize p‐thiocyanoanilines with good yields, regioselectivity, and broad substrate tolerance. This reaction offers a simple regioselective method for the synthesis of para‐position thiocyanate (SCN)‐ containing anilines.
Secular change in morphological cranial and mandibular trait frequencies in European Americans born 1824–1987
Authors: Kilroy Grace S. , Tallman Sean D. , DiGangi Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesSecular change in cranial and postcranial morphometrics and morphological traits has been documented in several studies. However, to date, few studies have addressed temporal changes occurring in the expression of cranial morphological traits commonly used in ancestry estimation. This study examines secular change in the expression of 23 cranial and mandibular morphological traits; accounting for age‐at‐death, sex, and year‐of‐birth.Materials & MethodsData were collected on 23 morphological cranial and mandibular traits for European American individuals (19–97 years of age) from the Hamann‐Todd Skeletal Collection (n = 518) and the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection (n = 602). Individuals were divided into six birth‐year cohorts: 1824–1849 (Cohort 1), 1850–1874 (Cohort 2), 1875–1899 (Cohort 3), 1900–1924 (Cohort 4), 1925–1949 (Cohort 5), and 1950–1987 (Cohort 6).ResultsStatistical analyses, including Pearson's chi‐square, correspondence analysis, and ordinal regression, demonstrate that secular changes have occurred in 11 traits, including: anterior nasal spine (ANS); malar tubercle (MT); nasal bone contour (NBC); postbregmatic depression (PBD); supranasal suture (SPS); transverse palatine suture (TPS); zygomaticomaxillary suture (ZS); ascending ramus shape (ARS); gonial angle flare (GAF); mandibular tori (MDT); and posterior ramus edge inversion (PREI), with changes occurring in both sexes for ANS, MT, TPS, ZS, GAF, MDT, and PREI. Significant changes in trait expression were found predominately between Cohorts 3 and 4, and Cohorts 4 and 5. While the sex of an individual affected the expression of ANS, MT, NBC, PBD, SPS, ZS, ARS, GAF, and PREI, age‐at‐death only affected MT and PREI.DiscussionThis study demonstrates that secular change in morphological cranial and mandibular traits has occurred over the last two centuries in European Americans, with the most considerable change appearing at the turn of the twentieth century. Changes in morphological trait expression over a relatively short period of time correspond with changes seen in craniometric analyses and correlate with the industrialization of society and environmental and cultural changes, such as medical advancements, nutrition, and population health/stress.