bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polypropylene Copolymers Designed for Fused Filament Fabrication 3D‐Printing
Authors: Spiegel Gunnar , Paulik Christian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeveral chemical properties which influence the printability for fused filament fabrication 3D‐printing are derived from analyses of commercially available filaments. In preliminary experiments, polymerization conditions are optimized and suitable monomers and selectivity control agents (donors) are selected. An experimental series in which propene is copolymerized with the comonomers 1‐butene and 1‐hexene with an industrial Ziegler–Natta catalyst will be discussed here. The experiments are planned using design of experiments. Based on a split‐plot design, the design is adapted for mixtures and the combination of homo‐ and copolymerization. The observed factors, besides the mixture composition, are hydrogen partial pressure and the amount of donor. The obtained polymers are analyzed by means of high‐temperature size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and rheology. 1‐Butene copolymers show good printing results and promising properties almost matching the desired ones. The targeted polymer properties are achieved within certain limits. 1‐Hexene copolymers result in lower molecular masses while crystallinity remains slightly higher, which does not match with the desired profile. Beneficial properties are likely to be achieved within a wider factor range, for example, higher comonomer amount and lower hydrogen partial pressure.
Analytical approach for circular‐jointed shield tunnel lining based on the state space method
Authors: Wang Jinchang , Huang Weiming , Xu Riqing , Yang Zhongxuan , Xu Rongqiao 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper presents a new analytical solution to the circular segmental tunnel lining subjected to overburden and surrounding earth pressures. The governing equations are derived by adopting the curved Euler beam theory and the principle of minimum potential energy. Based on the state space method, the displacements and the relevant energy‐conjugated internal forces are treated as the fundamental unknown state vector and can be obtained by solving the state function. The inter‐segment joints on the lining are modeled by a set of linear springs, including shear, compression, and rotation. The presented method allows for the arbitrary distribution of the segmented joints and loads along the circumferential direction. The most striking advantages of the proposed method include the rigid body displacement treatment, lining‐displacement‐dependent soil reaction, and internal force direction dependency of the joint stiffness. Using this method, the displacements and internal forces of the entire lining can be obtained conveniently and simultaneously under the arbitrary loading and joint distribution conditions. The verification of the analytical solutions is provided by several examples.
Mechanisms of inter‐ply void formation during vacuum bag‐only cure of woven prepregs
Authors: Hu Wei , Centea Timotei , Nutt Steven 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe removal of inter‐ply air is critical for limiting porosity in laminates. In this study, an in situ monitoring technique was employed to observe inter‐ply air evolution during vacuum bag‐only cure. Observations showed that reduced vacuum resulted in inefficient inter‐ply air evacuation, a more rapid bubble expansion rate, and formation of new air bubbles. A modified tow impregnation model showed that resin infiltration was impeded at reduced vacuum conditions due to the presence of intra‐tow air. However, the cured laminates showed that tows were fully impregnated in all cases, indicating that the entrapped intra‐tow air migrated to inter‐ply regions during cure. The interactions between intra‐tow and inter‐tow air at deficient vacuum conditions were revealed. Findings led to the conclusion that air remaining in intra‐tow regions contributed more to the increase of inter‐ply voids than the reduction in consolidation pressure difference associated with reduced vacuum.
Does prenatal counseling for pregnancies complicated by multiple fetal abnormalities concord with postnatal outcomes?
Authors: Baker Anna , Lagatta Joanne , Leuthner Steven , Acharya Krishna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn pregnancies complicated by multiple fetal abnormalities, our objective was to determine the degree of concordance between prenatal prognosis and postnatal outcomes.MethodRetrospective cohort study of pregnancies with multiple fetal abnormalities referred to the Fetal Concerns Center of Wisconsin (FCCW) from 2015 to 2018. We reviewed records for anomalies, given prognostic severity, and postnatal outcomes. Prognostic severity was categorized as “likely mortality,” “severe impairment,” “moderate,” and “mild” based on predetermined criteria.ResultsIn 85 pregnancies with multiple fetal abnormalities, 48% were given a prognosis of “likely mortality,” and 19% were given a prognosis of “severe impairment.” In pregnancies that were continued after being counseled as “likely mortality,” this outcome was concordant in all but one case, despite medical interventions. In pregnancies counseled as “severe impairment,” the more common outcome was mortality or severe impairment in 88% of cases and survival with severe impairment in 33% of cases. Postnatal outcomes were concordant with prenatal severity in 68% of the cases, more severe in 20% of the cases, and less severe in fewer than 5% of cases.ConclusionPrenatal predictions about severe outcomes are usually true in pregnancies complicated by multiple abnormalities. In cases of outcome discordance, outcomes tend to be more severe than predicted.
Multiphase Microfluidics: Fundamentals, Fabrication, and Functions
Authors: Geng Yuhao , Ling SiDa , Huang Jinpei , Xu Jianhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultiphase microfluidics enables an alternative approach with many possibilities in studying, analyzing, and manufacturing functional materials due to its numerous benefits over macroscale methods, such as its ultimate controllability, stability, heat and mass transfer capacity, etc. In addition to its immense potential in biomedical applications, multiphase microfluidics also offers new opportunities in various industrial practices including extraction, catalysis loading, and fabrication of ultralight materials. Herein, aiming to give preliminary guidance for researchers from different backgrounds, a comprehensive overview of the formation mechanism, fabrication methods, and emerging applications of multiphase microfluidics using different systems is provided. Finally, major challenges facing the field are illustrated while discussing potential prospects for future work.
Dissipative Rahmentragwerke mit schlanken Querschnitten in Regionen mit moderater Seismizität
Authors: Degée Hervé , Hoffmeister Benno , Duchêne Yves 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIm Rahmen eines europäischen Forschungsprojekts wurde die Eignung von schlanken Stahl‐ und Verbundquerschnitten für deren Verwendung in Gebieten moderater Seismizität experimentell und numerisch untersucht. Zunächst wurden zyklische Versuche an typischen Stütze‐Riegel‐Anschlüssen mit geschweißten Klasse‐3‐ und ‐4‐Querschnitten durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse wurden im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung stabiler Hysteresen mit Dissipationspotenzial und die zyklische Degradation ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse wurden zur Erstellung und Validierung numerischer Modelle verwendet, mit denen Untersuchungen von Stahl‐ und Verbundrahmenkonstruktionen mit erweiterten Parametern für die Anschlussknoten und für die Systemtopologie durchgeführt wurden. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen wurden abschließend als Empfehlungen für die Verwendung von Klasse‐3‐ und ‐4‐Profilen in Gebieten moderater Seismizität zusammengefasst und zur Implementierung in der künftigen Version des Eurocode 8 vorgeschlagen.
A simple model for deep dynamic stall conditions
Authors: Rocchio Benedetto , Chicchiero Claudio , Salvetti Maria Vittoria , Zanforlin Stefania 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study is focused on modeling of dynamic stall behavior of a pitching airfoil. The deep stall regime is in particular considered. A model is proposed, which has a low implementation and computational complexity but yet is able to deal with different types of dynamic stall conditions, including those characterized by multiple vortex shedding at the airfoil leading edge. The proposed model is appraised against an extensive data set of experimental (α,CL) curves for NACA0012. The results of an existing widely used model, having comparable complexity, are also shown for comparison. The proposed model is able to well reproduce not only the classic curves of deep dynamic stall but also the curves characterized by lift oscillations at high angles of attack due to the shedding of multiple vortices. Furthermore, the model appears to be robust to variations of its parameters from the optimal values and of the airfoil geometry. Finally, the model is successfully implemented in a commercial CFD software and applied to the simulation of a vertical axis wind turbine within the actuator cylinder approach. The accuracy of the prediction of the turbine power coefficient in the whole rotation cycle is very good for the optimal working condition of the turbine, for which the model parameters were calibrated. Fairly good accuracy is also obtained in significantly different working conditions without any further calibration.
Digital Divide – Soziale Unterschiede in der Nutzung digitaler Gesundheitsangebote
Authors: Cornejo Müller Alejandro , Wachtler Benjamin , Lampert Thomas 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDie gesundheitliche Ungleichheit ist heute eines der wichtigsten Themen für Public Health weltweit. Der Digitalisierung von Gesundheitsangeboten wird dabei häufig das Potenzial zugesprochen, die gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit zu verbessern. Gleichzeitig ist die erfolgreiche Inanspruchnahme von digitalen Gesundheitsangeboten mit der Voraussetzung einer effektiven Nutzung des Internets verbunden, wodurch möglicherweise neue Barrieren für Menschen geschaffen werden, die entweder nicht über die notwendigen materiellen Ressourcen oder die erforderlichen digitalen oder gesundheitlichen Kompetenzen verfügen.Wie genau sich die Digitalisierung von Gesundheitsangeboten auf die gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit auswirkt, ist bisher wenig erforscht. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen ersten Überblick über die vorhandene Literatur zu geben. Dabei zeigte ein Großteil der eingeschlossenen Studien, dass die Nutzung von digitalen Gesundheitsangeboten mit soziodemografischen Faktoren assoziiert war. Allgemein war die Inanspruchnahme bei jüngeren Menschen und solchen mit höherer Bildung und höherem Einkommen häufiger. Nur wenige Studien fanden keine Assoziation. Aus anderen Studien ging hervor, dass Menschen mit höherer Gesundheitskompetenz eher digitale Gesundheitsangebote nutzen. Dabei zeigt die Gesundheitskompetenz ebenfalls einen sozialen Gradienten zugunsten jener in höheren sozioökonomischen Positionen. Bei geringer Evidenz gibt es bisher keinen Anhalt für eine Verringerung gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit durch digitale Gesundheitsangebote.Die analysierten Studien weisen darauf hin, dass bestehende Ungleichheiten sich auch digital fortführen. Es bedarf daher weiterer Forschung, um die Bedeutung von sozialen Determinanten für die digitalen Versorgungsangebote genauer zu verstehen.
Comparison of serum and urinary biomarker panels with albumin/creatinine ratio in the prediction of renal function decline in type 1 diabetes
Authors:   on behalf of the Scottish Diabetes Research Network (SDRN) Type 1 Bioresource Investigators, Colombo Marco , McGurnaghan Stuart J. , Blackbourn Luke A. K. , Dalton R. Neil , Dunger David , Bell Samira , Petrie John R. , Green Fiona , MacRury Sandra , McKnight John A. , Chalmers John , Collier Andrew , McKeigue Paul M. , Colhoun Helen M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
We examined whether candidate biomarkers in serum or urine can improve the prediction of renal disease progression in type 1 diabetes beyond prior eGFR, comparing their performance with urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR).

Methods
From the population-representative Scottish Diabetes Research Network Type 1 Bioresource (SDRNT1BIO) we sampled 50% and 25% of those with starting eGFR below and above 75 ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2, respectively (N = 1629), and with median 5.1 years of follow-up. Multiplexed ELISAs and single molecule array technology were used to measure nine serum biomarkers and 13 urine biomarkers based on our and others’ prior work using large discovery and candidate studies. Associations with final eGFR and with progression to <30 ml min−1 [1.73] m−2, both adjusted for baseline eGFR, were tested using linear and logistic regression models. Parsimonious biomarker panels were identified using a penalised Bayesian approach, and their performance was evaluated through tenfold cross-validation and compared with using urinary ACR and other clinical record data.

Results
Seven serum and seven urine biomarkers were strongly associated with either final eGFR or progression to <30 ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2, adjusting for baseline eGFR and other covariates (all at p<2.3 × 10−3). Of these, associations of four serum biomarkers were independent of ACR for both outcomes. The strongest associations with both final eGFR and progression to <30 ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2 were for serum TNF receptor 1, kidney injury molecule 1, CD27 antigen, α-1-microglobulin and syndecan-1. These serum associations were also significant in normoalbuminuric participants for both outcomes. On top of baseline covariates, the r2 for prediction of final eGFR increased from 0.702 to 0.743 for serum biomarkers, and from 0.702 to 0.721 for ACR alone. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for progression to <30 ml min−1 [1.73 m]−2 increased from 0.876 to 0.953 for serum biomarkers, and to 0.911 for ACR alone. Other urinary biomarkers did not outperform ACR.

Conclusions/interpretation
A parsimonious panel of serum biomarkers easily measurable along with serum creatinine may outperform ACR for predicting renal disease progression in type 1 diabetes, potentially obviating the need for urine testing.
Cardiovascular drug use among people with cognitive impairment living in nursing homes in northern Sweden
Authors: Svahn Sofia , Lövheim Hugo , Isaksson Ulf , Sandman Per-Olof , Gustafsson Maria 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to describe changes in the pattern of cardiovascular agents used in elderly people living in nursing homes between 2007 and 2013. Further, the aim was to analyse the use of cardiovascular drugs in relation to cognitive impairment and associated factors within the same population, where prescription of loop diuretics was used as a proxy for heart failure.

Methods
Two questionnaire surveys were performed including 2494 people in 2007 and 1654 people in 2013 living in nursing homes in northern Sweden. Data were collected concerning drug use, functioning in activities of daily living (ADL) and cognition, using the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale (MDDAS). The use of different drugs and drug classes among people at four different levels of cognitive function in 2007 and 2013 were compared.

Results
The proportion of people prescribed ASA and diuretics was significantly lower at all four levels of cognitive function in 2013 compared to 2007. Among people prescribed loop diuretics, the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ACEI/ARBs) increased from 37.8 to 45.6%, β-blockers from 36.0 to 41.8% and warfarin from 4.4 to 11.4%. The use of warfarin, ACEI/ARBs, β-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) were less common among individuals with more severe cognitive impairment.

Conclusion
The results indicate that cardiovascular drug treatment has improved between 2007 and 2013, but there is room for further improvement, especially regarding adherence to guidelines for heart failure. Increasing cognitive impairment had an effect on treatment patterns for heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
Long-term surviving cancer patients as a source of therapeutic TCR
Authors: Inderberg Else Marit , Wälchli Sébastien 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe have established a platform for the isolation of tumour-specific TCR from T cells of patients who experienced clinical benefit from cancer vaccination. In this review we will present the rationale behind this strategy and discuss the advantages of working with “natural” wild type TCRs. Indeed, the general trend in the field has been to use various modifications to enhance the affinity of such therapeutic TCRs. This was done to obtain stronger T cell responses, often at the cost of safety. We further describe antigen targets and recent in vitro and in vivo results obtained to validate them. We finally discuss the use of MHC class II-restricted TCR in immunotherapy. Typically cellular anti-tumour immune responses have been attributed to CD8 T cells; however, we isolated mainly CD4 T cells. Importantly, these MHC class II-restricted TCRs have the potential to induce broad, long lasting immune responses that enable cancer control. The use of CD4 T cell-derived TCRs for adoptive immunotherapy has so far been limited and we will here discuss their therapeutic potential.
Restoration Scaling Approaches to Addressing Ecological Injury: The Habitat-Based Resource Equivalency Method
Authors: Baker Mary , Domanski Adam , Hollweg Terill , Murray Jason , Lane Diana , Skrabis Kristin , Taylor Robert , Moore Tom , DiPinto Lisa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNatural resource trustee agencies must determine how much, and what type of environmental restoration will compensate for injuries to natural resources that result from releases of hazardous substances or oil spills. To fulfill this need, trustees, and other natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) practitioners have relied on a variety of approaches, including habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) and resource equivalency analysis (REA). The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Habitat-Based Resource Equivalency Method (HaBREM), which integrates REA’s reproducible injury metrics and population modeling with HEA’s comprehensive habitat approach to restoration. HaBREM is intended to evaluate injury and restoration using organisms that use the habitat to represent ecological habitat functions. This paper seeks to expand and refine the use of organism-based metrics (biomass-based REA), providing an opportunity to integrate sublethal injuries to multiple species, as well as the potential to include error rates for injury and restoration parameters. Applied by NRDA practitioners in the appropriate context, this methodology can establish the relationship between benefits of compensatory restoration projects and injuries to plant or animal species within an affected habitat. HaBREM may be most effective where there are appropriate data supporting the linkage between habitat and species gains (particularly regionally specific habitat information), as well as species-specific monitoring data and predictions on the growth, density, productivity (i.e., rate of generation of biomass or individuals), and age distributions of indicator species.
Homogenization of Chiral Magnetic Materials: A Mathematical Evidence of Dzyaloshinskii’s Predictions on Helical Structures
Authors: Davoli E. , Di Fratta G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the influence of the bulk Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction on the magnetic properties of composite ferromagnetic materials with highly oscillating heterogeneities, in the framework of$$\Gamma $$Γ-convergence and 2-scale convergence. The homogeneous energy functional resulting from our analysis provides an effective description of most of the magnetic composites of interest nowadays. Although our study covers more general scenarios than the micromagnetic one, it builds on the phenomenological considerations of Dzyaloshinskii on the existence of helicoidal textures, as a result of possible instabilities of ferromagnetic structures under small relativistic spin–lattice or spin–spin interactions. In particular, we provide the first quantitative counterpart to Dzyaloshinskii’s predictions on helical structures.
Exploring phosphorus fertilizers and fertilization strategies for improved human and environmental health
Authors: Bindraban Prem S. , Dimkpa Christian O. , Pandey Renu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers support high crop yields and contribute to feeding the teeming global population. However, complex edaphic processes cause P to be immobilized in soil, hampering its timely and sufficient availability for uptake by plants. The resultant low use efficiency of current water-soluble P fertilizers creates significant environmental and human health problems. Current practices to increase P use efficiency have been inadequate to curtail these problems. We advocate for the understanding of plant physiological processes, such as physiological P requirement, storage of excess P as phytate, and plant uptake mechanisms, to identify novel ways of designing and delivering P fertilizers to plants for improved uptake. We note the importance and implications of the contrasting role of micronutrients such as zinc and iron in stimulating P availability under low soil P content, while inhibiting P uptake under high P fertilization; this could provide an avenue for managing P for plant use under different P fertilization regimes. We argue that the improvement of the nutritional value of crops, especially cereals, through reduced phytic acid and increased zinc and iron contents should be among the most important drivers toward the development of innovative fertilizer products and fertilization technologies. In this paper, we present various pathways in support of this argument. Retuning P fertilizer products and application strategies will contribute to fighting hunger and micronutrient deficiencies in humans. Moreover, direct soil P losses will be reduced as a result of improved P absorption by plants.
Morphological and physiological responses of the potato stem transport tissues to dehydration stress
Authors: Aliche Ernest B. , Prusova-Bourke Alena , Ruiz-Sanchez Mariam , Oortwijn Marian , Gerkema Edo , Van As Henk , Visser Richard G. F. , van der Linden C. Gerard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMain conclusionAdaptation of the xylem under dehydration to smaller sized vessels and the increase in xylem density per stem area facilitate water transport during water-limiting conditions, and this has implications for assimilate transport during drought.AbstractThe potato stem is the communication and transport channel between the assimilate-exporting source leaves and the terminal sink tissues of the plant. During environmental stress conditions like water scarcity, which adversely affect the performance (canopy growth and tuber yield) of the potato plant, the response of stem tissues is essential, however, still understudied. In this study, we investigated the response of the stem tissues of cultivated potato grown in the greenhouse to dehydration using a multidisciplinary approach including physiological, biochemical, morphological, microscopic, and magnetic resonance imaging techniques. We observed the most significant effects of water limitation in the lower stem regions of plants. The light microscopy analysis of the potato stem sections revealed that plants exposed to this particular dehydration stress have higher total xylem density per unit area than control plants. This increase in the total xylem density was accompanied by an increase in the number of narrow-diameter xylem vessels and a decrease in the number of large-diameter xylem vessels. Our MRI approach revealed a diurnal rhythm of xylem flux between day and night, with a reduction in xylem flux that is linked to dehydration sensitivity. We also observed that sink strength was the main driver of assimilate transport through the stem in our data set. These findings may present potential breeding targets for drought tolerance in potato.