bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolism in Critically-ill COVID-19 Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mohamed Mouhand F.H. , Al-Shokri Shaikha D. , Shunnar Khaled M. , Mohamed Sara F. , Najim Mostafa S. , Ibrahim Shahd I. , Elewa Hazem , Dousa Khalid M. , Abdalla Lina O. , El-Bardissy Ahmed , Elshafei Mohamed Nabil , Abubeker Ibrahim Y. , Danjuma Mohammed , Yassin Mohamed A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies revealed a high prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially in those who are critically ill. Available studies report varying prevalence rates. Hence, the exact prevalence remains uncertain. Moreover, there is an ongoing debate regarding the appropriate dosage of thromboprophylaxis. Methods: We performed a systematic review and proportion meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed and EMBASE for studies exploring the prevalence of VTE in critically ill COVID-19 patients till 22/07/2020. We pooled the proportion of VTE. Additionally, in a subgroup analysis, we pooled VTE events detected by systematic screening. Finally, we compared the odds of VTE in patients on prophylactic compared to therapeutic anticoagulation. Results: The review comprised of 24 studies and over 2500 patients. The pooled proportion of VTE prevalence was 0.31 (95% CI 0.24, 0.39 I2 94%), of VTE utilizing systematic screening was 0.48 (95% CI 0.33, 0.63 I2 91%), of deep-venous-thrombosis was 0.23 (95% CI 0.14, 0.32 I2 96%), of pulmonary embolism was 0.14 (95% CI 0.09, 0.20 I2 90%). In a subgroup of studies, utilizing systematic screening, VTE risk increased significantly with prophylactic, compared to therapeutic anticoagulation (OR 5.45; 95% CI 1.90, 15.57 I2 0%). Discussion: Our review revealed a high prevalence of VTE in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Almost 50% of patients had VTE detected by systematic screening. Higher thromboprophylaxis dosages seem to reduce VTE burden in this patient’s cohort compared to standard prophylactic anticoagulation; ongoing randomized controlled trials will further confirm this.
IMPACT OF CONDITIONING INTENSITY AND GENOMICS ON RELAPSE AFTER ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION FOR PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME
Authors: Dillon Laura W. , Gui Gege , Logan Brent R. , Fei Mingwei , Ghannam Jack , Li Yuesheng , Licon Abel , Alyea Edwin P. , Bashey Asad , Devine Steven M. , Fernandez Hugo F. , Giralt Sergio , Hamadani Mehdi , Howard Alan , Maziarz Richard T. , Porter David L. , Warlick Erica D. , Pasquini Marcelo C. , Scott Bart L. , Horwitz Mitchell E. , Deeg H. Joachim , Hourigan Christopher S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMyelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) patients are at risk of relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). The utility of ultra-deep genomic testing to predict, and the impact of conditioning intensity to prevent, MDS relapse are unknown. Targeted error-corrected DNA sequencing was performed on pre-conditioning blood samples from the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN) 0901 phase III randomized clinical trial which compared outcomes by alloHCT conditioning intensity in adult patients with less than 5% marrow myeloblasts and no leukemic myeloblasts in blood on morphological analysis at the time of pre-transplant assessment. Using a previously described set of 10 gene regions, 42% of patients had mutations detectable prior to randomization to reduced intensity or myeloablative conditioning. Testing positive was associated with increased rates of relapse and decreased overall survival. In those testing positive, relapse rates were higher and relapse-free survival was lower in reduced intensity versus myeloablative conditioning arms. Testing additional genes, including those associated with MDS, did not improve prognostication. This study provides evidence that post-transplant relapse rates in MDS patients are highest in those with pre-transplant genomic evidence of high-risk disease. In those testing positive, randomization to myeloablative conditioning lowered but did not eliminate relapse risk.
Evaluating the direct effects of childhood adiposity on adult systemic-metabolism: A multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Richardson Tom G , Mykkänen Juha , Pahkala Katja , Ala-Korpela Mika , Bell Joshua A , Taylor Kurt , Viikari Jorma , Lehtimäki Terho , Raitakari Olli , Smith George Davey 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals who are obese in childhood have an elevated risk of cardiometabolic disease in adulthood. However, whether childhood adiposity directly impacts intermediate markers of this risk, independent of adult adiposity, is unclear.Methods and ResultsWe conducted a multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) study to simultaneously evaluate the effects of childhood and adulthood body size on over 100 systemic molecular biomarkers representing multiple metabolic pathways. We first validated UK Biobank-derived genetic risk scores using data on body mass index (BMI) measured during childhood (n=2,427, age: 3-18 years) and adulthood (n= 1,762, age: 34-49 years) from the Young Finns Study (YFS). Results indicated that the childhood score is a stronger predictor of childhood BMI (0.74 vs 0.62 area under the curve (AUC) for the childhood and adult scores respectively), whereas the adult score was a stronger predictor of adulthood BMI (0.57 vs 0.62 AUC). Two-sample MR analyses in a univariable setting using summary genome-wide association study (GWAS) data in up to 24,925 adults provided evidence of an effect of childhood body size on 42 of the 123 metabolic markers assessed (based on P<4.07×10-04). Undertaking multivariable MR analyses suggested that the effects for the majority of these metabolic biomarkers (35/42) substantially attenuated when accounting for adult body size. In further analyses, the biomarkers with the strongest evidence of mediating a long-term effect of adiposity on coronary artery disease (CAD) risk were those related to triglyceride-rich very-low-density lipoprotein particles. In contrast, the biomarkers which showed the strongest evidence of being directly influenced by childhood body size (amino acids leucine, isoleucine and tyrosine) provided little evidence that they mediate this effect on adult disease risk.ConclusionsThe effects of childhood adiposity on the majority of biomarkers investigated in this study were greatly attenuated when accounting for adult body size. This suggests that the detrimental impact of genetically predicted childhood adiposity on systemic metabolism, as well as subsequent later life risk of CAD, can likely be mitigated through lifestyle modifications during adolescence and early adulthood.
Viral shedding and immunological features of children COVID-19 patients
Authors: Yang Yang , Zheng Haixia , Peng Ling , Wei Jinli , Wang Yanrong , Li Hexiao , Peng Bo , Fang Shisong , Zhang Mingxia , Li Yanjie , Liu Hui , Feng Kai , Xing Li , Wang Jun , Cao Mengli , Wang Fuxiang , Liu Lei , Liu Yingxia , Yuan Jing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 could infect people at all ages, and the viral shedding and immunological features of children COVID-19 patients were analyzed.MethodsEpidemiological information and clinical data were collected from 35 children patients. Viral RNAs in respiratory and fecal samples were detected. Plasma of 11 patients were collected and measured for 48 cytokines.Results40% (14/35) of the children COVID-19 patients showed asymptomatic infections, while pneumonia shown by CT scan occurred in most of the cases (32/35, 91.43%). Elevated LDH, AST, CRP, neutropenia, leukopenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in some cases, and CD4 and CD8 counts were normal. A total of 22 cytokines were significantly higher than the healthy control, and IP-10, IFN-α2 of them in children were significantly lower than the adult patients. Meanwhile, MCP-3, HGF, MIP-1α, and IL-1ra were similar or lower than healthy control, while significantly lower than adult patients. Viral RNAs were detected as early as the first day after illness onset (d.a.o) in both the respiratory and fecal samples. Viral RNAs decreased as the disease progression and mostly became negative in respiratory samples within 18 d.a.o, while maintained relatively stable during the disease progression and still detectable in some cases during 36~42 d.a.o.ConclusionCOVID-19 in children was mild, and asymptomatic infection was common. Immune responses were relatively normal in children COVID-19 patients. Cytokine storm also occurred in children patients, while much weaker than adult patients. Positive rate of viral RNAs in fecal samples was high, and profile of viral shedding were different between respiratory and gastrointestinal tract.
Mortality & COVID-19: A Snapshot of a Tertiary Care Facility in Pakistan
Authors: Rana Muhammad Asim , Qayyum Ahad , Hashmi Mubashar , Saif Muhammad Muneeb Ullah , Munir Muhammad Faisal , Pervaiz Rizwan , Hafeez Muhammad Mansoor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionEver since Sars CoV-2 infection has started from China and has taken the shape of pandemic the mortality associated with this disease has been under discussion and hypercoagubility, acute severe respiratory syndrome and sepsis with multi organ failure have been accursed as possible reasons of deaths in cases infected with novel Corona virus. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the cases admitted in our high dependency and Intensive care unit and tried to pinpoint the major cause of mortality in our cases.MethodsThis is a single center retrospective study carried out at Bahria International Hospital Lahore over a 3 month period (May 10th to July 10th 2020) in which we analyzed the clinical and biochemical profiles of the COVID-19 patients who died during this period.ResultsA total of 108 patients were admitted during this period out of which 11 patients died. 7 of them were men and 4 women. Majority of them had sudden cardiac arrest due to acute coronary syndrome followed by multiorgan dysfunction syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome.ConclusionAcute coronary syndrome due to hypercoagubility was the leading cause of death in our patients.
Exposure and risk factors for COVID-19 and the impact of staying home on Michigan residents
Authors: Wu Kuan-Han H. , Hornsby Whitney E. , Klunder Bethany , Krause Amelia , Driscoll Anisa , Kulka John , Bickett-Hickok Ryan , Fellows Austin , Graham Sarah , Kaleba Erin O. , Hayek Salim S. , Shi Xu , Sutton Nadia R. , Douville Nicholas , Mukherjee Bhramar , Jamerson Kenneth , Brummett Chad M. , Willer Cristen J. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 has had a substantial impact on clinical care and lifestyles globally. The State of Michigan reports over 80,000 positive COVID-19 tests between March 1, 2020 and July 29, 2020. We surveyed 8,047 Michigan Medicine biorepository participants in late June 2020. We found that 58% of COVID-19 cases reported no known exposure to family members or to someone outside the house diagnosed with COVID-19. A significantly higher rate of COVID-19 cases were employed as essential workers (45% vs 19%, p=3×10-11). COVID-19 cases reporting a fever were more likely to require hospitalization (categorized as severe; OR = 4.6 [95% CI: 1.7-13.0, p=0.004]) whereas respondents reporting rhinorrhea was less likely to require hospitalization (categorized as mild-to-moderate; OR = 0.16 [95% CI: 0.04-0.70, p=0.016]). African-Americans reported higher rates of being diagnosed with COVID-19 (OR = 4.0 [95% CI: 2.2-7.2, p=1×10-4]), as well as higher rates of exposure to family or someone outside the household diagnosed with COVID-19, an annual household income < $40,000, living in rental housing, and chronic diseases. During the Executive Order in Michigan, African Americans, women, and the lowest income group reported worsening health behaviors and higher overall concern for the potential detrimental effects of the pandemic. The higher risk of contracting COVID-19 observed among African Americans may be due to the increased rates of working as essential employees, lower socioeconomic status, and exposure to known positive cases. Continued efforts should focus on COVID-19 prevention and mitigation strategies, as well as address the inequality gaps that result in higher risks for both short-term and long-term health outcomes.
Differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment in Malawi, South Africa, and Zambia: A landscape analysis
Authors: Huber Amy , Pascoe Sophie , Nichols Brooke , Long Lawrence , Kuchukhidze Salome , Phiri Bevis , Tchereni Timothy , Rosen Sydney 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionMany countries in Africa are scaling up differentiated service delivery (DSD) models for HIV treatment, but most existing data systems do not describe the models in use. We surveyed organizations that were supporting DSD models in 2019 in Malawi, South Africa, and Zambia to describe the diversity of DSD models being implemented at that time.MethodsWe interviewed DSD model implementing organizations for descriptive information about each of the organization’s models of care. We described the key characteristics of each model, including population of patients served, location of service delivery, frequency of interactions with patients, duration of dispensing, and cadre(s) of provider involved. To facilitate analysis, we refer to one organization supporting one model of care as an “organization-model.”.ResultsThe 34 respondents (8 in Malawi, 16 in South Africa, 10 in Zambia) interviewed described a total of 110 organization-models, which included 19 facility based individual models, 21 out-of-facility based individual models, 14 healthcare worker led groups, and 3 client led groups; jointly, these encompassed 12 service delivery strategies. Over 2/3 (n=78) of the organization-models were limited to clinically stable patients. Almost all organization-models (n=96) continued to provide clinical care at established healthcare facilities; medication pickup took place at facilities, external pickup points, and adherence clubs. Required numbers of provider interactions per year varied widely, from a low of 2 to a high of 12. Dispensing intervals were typically 3 or 6 months in Malawi and Zambia and 2 months in South Africa. Individual models relied more on clinical staff (doctors, nurses, pharmacists), while group models made greater use of lay personnel (community health workers, counselors).ConclusionsAs of 2019, there was a large variety of differentiated service models being offered for HIV treatment in Malawi, South Africa, and Zambia, serving diverse patient populations.
Changes in back pain scores after bariatric surgery in obese patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Koremans Froukje W. , Chen Xiaolong , Das Abhirup , Diwan Ashish D. 
Published: August 2020

STRUCTURED ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate if back pain scores in morbidly obese patients change after bariatric surgery.Summary Background DataObese patients often complain of low back pain (LBP), however the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Recent research shows that, next to mechanical loading, the chronic low-grade inflammation that arises in obese patients is contributing to LBP due to intervertebral disc degeneration. Therefore, it is hypothesized that bariatric surgery will have an effect on the LBP in obese patients.MethodsWe searched four online databases for randomized controlled trials and observational studies. In obese patients, eligible for bariatric surgery, the changes in pre- and postoperative pain scores, assessed by Numeric Rating Pain Scale (NPS) or Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), were considered as primary outcomes. Effect size (ES) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were evaluated.ResultsEight observational studies met the eligibility criteria. All studies showed a reduction of LBP following bariatric surgery, with a mean change of −2.9 points in NPS and of −3.8 cm in VAS. Among the patients undergoing bariatric surgery, based on a fixed effect estimated by pain assessment, the pain score decreased significantly in both groups; in NPS (ES −3.49, 95%CI [−3.86, −3.12]) and in VAS (ES −3.975, 95%CI [−4.45, −3.50]).ConclusionsFrom this meta-analysis, the data of back pain improvement following bariatric surgery seems encouraging. Substantial weight loss following bariatric surgery might be associated with a reduction in back pain intensity.
A giant cell enhancer achieves cell-type specificity through activation via TCP and repression by Dof transcription factors
Authors: Hong Lilan , Ko Clint S. , Kang S. Earl , Pruneda-Paz Jose L. , Roeder Adrienne H. K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProper pattern formation relies on the tight coordination of cell fate specification and cell cycle regulation in growing tissues. How this can be organized at enhancers that activate gene expression necessary for differentiation is not well understood. One such example is the patterning of theArabidopsis thalianasepal epidermis where giant cell fate specification is associated with the endoreduplication cell cycle. Previously, we identified an enhancer region capable of driving giant cell-specific expression. In this study, we use the giant cell enhancer as a model to understand the regulatory logic that promotes cell-type specific expression. Our dissection of the enhancer revealed that giant cell specificity is achieved primarily through the combination of two elements: an activator and a repressor. TCP transcription factors are involved in activation of non-specific expression throughout the epidermis with higher expression in endoreduplicated giant cells than small cells. Dof transcription factors act via the second element to repress activity of the enhancer and limit expression to giant cells. Thus, we find that cell-type specific expression emerges from the combined activities of two broadly acting enhancer elements.
SARS-CoV-2 spike D614G variant exhibits highly efficient replication and transmission in hamsters
Authors: Mok Bobo Wing-Yee , Cremin Conor J. , Lau Siu-Ying , Deng Shaofeng , Chen Pin , Zhang Anna Jinxia , Lee Andrew Chak-Yiu , Liu Honglian , Liu Siwen , Ng Timothy Ting-Leung , Lao Hiu-Yin , Lee Eddie Lam-Kwong , Leung Kenneth Siu-Sing , Wang Pui , To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Chan Kwok-Hung , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Siu Gilman Kit-Hang , Chen Honglin 
Published: August 2020

SummarySARS-CoV-2 causes disease varying in severity from asymptomatic infections to severe respiratory distress and death in humans. The viral factors which determine transmissibility and pathogenicity are not yet clearly characterized. We used the hamster infection model to compare the replication ability and pathogenicity of five SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated from early cases originating in Wuhan, China, in February, and infected individuals returning from Europe and elsewhere in March 2020. The HK-13 and HK-95 isolates showed distinct pathogenicity in hamsters, with higher virus titers and more severe pathological changes in the lungs observed compared to other isolates. HK-95 contains a D614G substitution in the spike protein and demonstrated higher viral gene expression and transmission efficiency in hamsters. Intra-host diversity analysis revealed that further quasi species were generated during hamster infections, indicating that strain-specific adaptive mutants with advantages in replication and transmission will continue to arise and dominate subsequent waves of SARS-CoV-2 dissemination.
Basal ganglia high-frequency activity is co-modulated with the phase of motor cortical beta and shifted between the subthalamic nucleus and the internal pallidum during sustained motor control
Authors: Fischer Petra , Pogosyan Alek , Green Alexander L. , Aziz Tipu Z. , Hyam Jonathan , Foltynie Thomas , Limousin Patricia , Zrinzo Ludvic , Samuel Michael , Ashkan Keyoumars , Da Lio Mauro , De Cecco Mariolino , Luchetti Alessandro , Brown Peter , Tan Huiling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBeta oscillations are readily observed in motor cortex and the basal ganglia, but to which extent they are functionally relevant is unclear. To understand how activity transfer between different nodes of the cortico-basal ganglia network is affected by cortical beta oscillations in different behavioural conditions, we recorded local field potentials and electroencephalography (EEG) activity in a low-force motor control task and during rest in Parkinson’s patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. The patients received DBS of either the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the internal globus pallidus (GPi), which allowed us to investigate if STN and GPi broad-band high-frequency activity (HFA; >150 Hz) is co-modulated with the phase of motor cortical beta activity. We found significant modulation patterns in the STN and the GPi, which were inverted while patients performed the task, showing that GPi activity fluctuations likely are crafted by other inputs than the direct excitatory STN afferents. We also found that consistent STN modulation disappeared during rest, showing disengagement in this condition, while GPi modulation was maintained, again evidencing that beta-band activity fluctuations in the GPi can be relatively independent of those in the STN. The difference between HFA modulation patterns in the task and rest recordings suggests a potential functional role of beta phase-locked HFA modulation in controlling sustained contractions. Examination of HFA co-modulation patterns at different sites of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical network under different behavioural conditions may provide a tool with which to define the impact of beta synchronization on network communication.
Time-course analysis ofStreptococcus sanguinisafter manganese depletion reveals changes in glycolytic, nucleotide, and redox metabolites
Authors: Puccio Tanya , Misra Biswapriya B. , Kitten Todd 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionManganese is important for the endocarditis pathogen,Streptococcus sanguinis. Little is known about why manganese is required for virulence or how it impacts the metabolome of streptococci.ObjectivesWe applied untargeted metabolomics to cells and media to understand temporal changes resulting from manganese depletion.MethodsEDTA was added to aS. sanguinismanganese-transporter mutant in aerobic fermentor conditions. Cell and media samples were collected pre- and post-EDTA treatment. Metabolomics data were generated using positive and negative modes of data acquisition on an LC-MS/MS system. Data were subjected to statistical processing using MetaboAnalyst and time-course analysis using Short Time series Expression Miner (STEM).ResultsWe observed quantitative changes in 534 and 422 metabolites in cells and media, respectively, after EDTA addition. The 173 cellular metabolites identified as significantly different indicated enrichment of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Further multivariate analysis revealed that the top 15 cellular metabolites belonged primarily to lipids and redox metabolites. The STEM analysis revealed global changes in cells and media in comparable metabolic pathways. Products of glycolysis such as pyruvate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate increased, suggesting that enzymes that act on them may require manganese for activity or expression. Nucleosides accumulated, possibly due to a blockage in conversion to nucleobases. Simultaneous accumulation ofortho-tyrosine and reduced glutathione suggests that cells were unable to utilize glutathione as a reductant.ConclusionDifferential analysis of metabolites revealed the activation of a number of metabolic pathways in response to manganese depletion, many of which may be connected to carbon catabolite repression.