bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study between use of lightweight mesh versus heavyweight mesh in laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia
Authors: Sultan Ahmed Abd El A , El Mosaad Ahmed El S , Al-Molla Mahmoud 
Published: October 2019

Introduction
Inguinal hernia repair with prosthetic mesh has become a standard practice; however, synthetic mesh can cause significant pain and interfere with patient activity. Lighter weight meshes (LWM) have been engineered that may be associated with fewer rates of complications and recurrence. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has also significantly reduced postoperative recovery from inguinal hernia repair.

Aim
This study aimed to compare outcomes of laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia using LWM versus using heavyweight mesh (HWM).

Materials and methods
A prospective study was performed on 20 patients (10 in LWM group and 10 in HWM group) with unilateral primary inguinal hernia above 18 years old who underwent laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair from July 2018 to October 2018. Postoperative complications such as pain, seroma, mesh infection, and recurrence were evaluated.

Results
LWM is superior to HWM regarding postoperative pain on the first postoperative day and after 1 week and earlier time to return to routine daily activities, but with longer operative time. However, there is no statistically significant difference between LWM group and heavy and HWM group regarding postoperative long-term complications including chronic groin pain, seroma formation, mesh infection, and recurrence after 6 months of follow-up.

Conclusion
LWM is superior to HWM in terms of postoperative pain and early return to routine activity but with longer operative time. Both meshes are similar in results regarding chronic pain, postoperative complications, and recurrence.
The Effect of Surface Treatment on the Performance of a Trivalent Chromium Process (TCP) Pretreatment on AA7075 Aerospace Alloys for the Protection Against Filiform Corrosion
Authors: Glover C.F. , Lim M.L.C. , Post G. , Mayo M. , Scully J.R. 
Published: October 2019

The performance of a trivalent chromium process (TCP) pretreatment conversion coating, applied to AA7075 aerospace aluminum alloys, for its ability to improve the filiform corrosion (FFC) of a polyvinyl-butyral coating, was studied as a function of surface treatment. Data from atmospheric FFC and full-immersion corrosion experiments are compared with surface characterization data to gain an understanding of the FFC kinetics on this alloy and mechanism by which the TCP coating provides inhibition. Specimens were prepared with three different surface treatments and studied with and without a TCP pretreatment conversion coating. A biphasic layer incorporating a zirconium-chromium mixed oxide outer layer and a fluoroaluminate interfacial layer was observed on all pretreated specimens. Enhanced corrosion protection by the TCP coating was observed when an acid pickle surface treatment was applied and the FFC filament propagation was stifled with an efficiency of 86%. A zirconium-rich outer oxide layer of approximately 22 nm, more than double the thickness of that measured for the other surface-treatments, is reported. Such layers are reported to be sufficiently dense so as to block ion transport from solution to the alloy surface. This acid pickle surface treatment is shown to effectively reduce the thickness of the native oxide layer and remove intermetallic particles from the surface enabling the formation of a more homogeneous TCP layer. Furthermore, Cu replating resulting from an acidic deoxidation step is shown to have no discernable effect on FFC.
Australian Music and Modernism, 1960–1975
Authors: Hooper Michael 
Published: October 2019

Drawing on newly available archival material, key works, and correspondence of the era, Australian Music and Modernism defines "Australian Music" as an idea that emerged through the lens of the modernist discourse of the 1960s and 70s. At the same time that the new "Australian Music" was distinctive of the nation, it was also thoroughly connected to practices from Europe and shaped by a new engagement with the music of Southeast Asia. This book examines the intersection of nationalism and modernism at this formative time.
During the early stages of "Australian Music" there was disagreement about what the idea itself ought to represent and, indeed, whether the idea ought to apply at all. Michael Hooper considers various perspectives offered by such composers as Peter Sculthorpe, Richard Meale, and Nigel Butterley and analyzes some of the era's significant works to articulate a complex understanding of "Australian Music" at its inception.
Potential of next-generation imaging spectrometers to detect and quantify methane point sources from space
Authors: Cusworth Daniel H. , Jacob Daniel J. , Varon Daniel J. , Chan Miller Christopher , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly , Thorpe Andrew K. , Duren Riley M. , Miller Charles E. , Thompson David R. , Frankenberg Christian , Guanter Luis , Randles Cynthia A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. We examine the potential for global detection of methane plumes from
individual point sources with the new generation of spaceborne imaging
spectrometers (EnMAP, PRISMA, EMIT, SBG, CHIME) scheduled for launch in
2019–2025. These instruments are designed to map the Earth's surface at high
spatial resolution (30 m×30 m) and have a spectral resolution
of 7–10 nm in the 2200–2400 nm band that should also allow useful detection
of atmospheric methane. We simulate scenes viewed by EnMAP (10 nm spectral
resolution, 180 signal-to-noise ratio) using the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool with superimposed methane plumes generated by large-eddy simulations.
We retrieve atmospheric methane and surface reflectivity for these scenes
using the IMAP-DOAS optimal estimation algorithm. We find an EnMAP precision
of 3 %–7 % for atmospheric methane depending on surface type. This allows
effective single-pass detection of methane point sources as small as 100 kg h−1 depending on surface brightness, surface homogeneity, and wind speed. Successful retrievals over very heterogeneous surfaces such as an
urban mosaic require finer spectral resolution. We tested the EnMAP
capability with actual plume observations over oil/gas fields in California
from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer – Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) sensor (3 m×3 m pixel resolution,
5 nm spectral resolution, SNR 200–400), by spectrally and spatially
downsampling the AVIRIS-NG data to match EnMAP instrument specifications.
Results confirm that EnMAP can successfully detect point sources of
∼100 kg h−1 over bright surfaces. Source rates inferred
with a generic integrated mass enhancement (IME) algorithm were lower for
EnMAP than for AVIRIS-NG. Better agreement may be achieved with a more
customized IME algorithm. Our results suggest that imaging spectrometers in
space could play an important role in the future for quantifying methane
emissions from point sources worldwide.
Structure of massively dilatant faults in Iceland: lessons learned from high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle data
Authors: Weismüller Christopher , Urai Janos L. , Kettermann Michael , von Hagke Christoph , Reicherter Klaus 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Normal faults in basalts develop massive dilatancy in the upper few hundred
meters below the Earth's surface with corresponding interactions with
groundwater and lava flow. These massively dilatant faults (MDFs) are
widespread in Iceland and the East African Rift, but the details of their
geometry are not well documented, despite their importance for fluid flow in
the subsurface, geohazard assessment and geothermal energy. We present a
large set of digital elevation models (DEMs) of the surface geometries of
MDFs with 5–15 cm resolution, acquired along the Icelandic rift zone using
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Our data present a representative set of
outcrops of MDFs in Iceland, formed in basaltic sequences linked to the mid-ocean ridge. UAVs provide a much higher resolution than aerial/satellite imagery and a
much better overview than ground-based fieldwork, bridging the gap between
outcrop-scale observations and remote sensing. We acquired photosets of
overlapping images along about 20 km of MDFs and processed these using
photogrammetry to create high-resolution DEMs and orthorectified images. We
use this dataset to map the faults and their damage zones to measure length,
opening width and vertical offset of the faults and identify surface tilt in
the damage zones. Ground truthing of the data was done by field
observations. Mapped vertical offsets show typical trends of normal fault growth by
segment coalescence. However, opening widths in map view show variations at
much higher frequency, caused by segmentation, collapsed relays and tilted
blocks. These effects commonly cause a higher-than-expected ratio of
vertical offset and opening width for a steep normal fault at depth. Based on field observations and the relationships of opening width and
vertical offset, we define three endmember morphologies of MDFs: (i) dilatant
faults with opening width and vertical offset, (ii) tilted blocks (TBs) and
(iii) opening-mode (mode I) fissures. Field observation of normal faults
without visible opening invariably shows that these have an opening filled
with recent sediment. TB-dominated normal faults tend to have the largest
ratio of opening width and vertical offset. Fissures have opening widths up
to 15 m with throw below a 2 m threshold. Plotting opening width versus
vertical offset shows that there is a continuous transition between the
endmembers. We conclude that for these endmembers, the ratio between
opening width and vertical offset R can be reliably used to predict fault
structures at depth. However, fractures associated with MDFs belong to one
larger continuum and, consequently, where different endmembers coexist, a
clear identification of structures solely via the determination of R is
impossible.
2019/38 Liability of overseas co-workers for whistleblowing detriment (UK)
Authors: Lister Richard 
Published: October 2019

2019/38 Liability of overseas co-workers for whistleblowing detriment (UK)
This was a case alleging detrimental treatment for whistleblowing brought by an employee working outside the UK against two co-workers also working abroad in the same location. The Court of Appeal (CA) ruled that there was no jurisdiction for the Employment Tribunal (ET) to hear the claim in relation to personal liability of the co-workers because they were outside the scope of UK employment law. The CA’s judgment potentially has implications for other types of claim brought by UK employees posted abroad where similar personal liability provisions apply, such as discrimination and harassment.
Ultrahigh-Performance Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins and Tetrodotoxin in Mussels, Oysters, Clams, Cockles, and Scallops: Collaborative Study
Authors: Turner Andrew D , Dhanji-Rapkova Monika , Fong Sum Y T , Hungerford James , McNabb Paul S , Boundy Michael J , Harwood D Tim ,   Collaborators, Aanrud S , Alfonso C , Alvarez M , Amzil Z , Antelo A , Arévalo F , Barrera M , Braekevelt E , Bunæs J , Cagide E , Cangini M , Carrasco D , Casey M , Chan P , Faulkner D , Gago-Martínez A , Gibbs R , Hatfield R , Hayman C , Hiroshi O , Hort V , Hutchinson J , Jordan T , Mariappan M , Leão J , Maskrey B , McCarron P , McGrath S , Milandri A , Milandri S , Moroño A , Murray S , Nicolas M , Queijo A , Pompei M , Réveillon D , Rourke W , Salgado C , Savar V , Stokes B , Suarez-Isla B , Suzuki T , Thomas K , Watanabe R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: An ultrahigh-performance LC (UHPLC)–tandem MS (MS/MS) method for determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins and tetrodotoxin (TTX) in bivalve molluscs was developed. To be used for regulatory testing, it needed to be validated through collaborative study. Objective: The aim was to conduct a collaborative study with 21 laboratories, using results to assess method performance. Methods: Study materials incorporated shellfish species mussels, oysters, cockles, scallops, and clams and were assessed to demonstrate stability and homogeneity. Mean concentrations determined by participants for blind duplicate samples were used to assess reproducibility, repeatability, and trueness. Results: Method performance characteristics were excellent following statistical assessment of participant data, with method trueness showing excellent method accuracy against expected values. No significant difference was found in the trueness results determined by different chromatographic column types. Acceptability of the between-laboratory reproducibility for individual analytes was evidenced by &gt;99% of valid Horwitz ratio values being less than the 2.0 limit of acceptability. With excellent linearity and sensitivity fit-for-purpose over a range of mass spectrometer instruments, the UHPLC-MS/MS method compared well against other detection methods. It includes additional paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) analogues as well as TTX, which, to date, have not been incorporated into any other hydrophilic marine toxin official method of analysis. Conclusions: The results from this study demonstrate that the method is suitable for the analysis of PST analogues and TTX in shellfish tissues and is recommended as an official alternative method of analysis for regulatory control. Highlights: A new mass spectrometric method for PST and TTX has been validated successfully through collaborative study.
Knowledge, Practices and Perception of Malaria and Its Home Management Using Artemicinin-based Combined Therapy (ACT) among Mothers of Under-five
Authors: Akinwalere B. E. , Longe I. O. 
Published: October 2019

Malaria is a serious public health problem, yet preventable and treatable. The disease is one of the world’s highest rates of all cause of mortality for children under five, and about one in six children die before their fifth birthday. Hence, mothers of under-five and caregiver have a pivotal role to play in tackling this issue by improving their knowledge and skills concerning the treatment, prevention, and control using the appropriate approach. This study was carried out to assess knowledge, practices, and perception of malaria and its home management using Artemicinin-based Combined Therapy (ACT) in Yemetu community of Ibadan North Local Government. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving the use of Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) to facilitate the sampling and interview of respondents. This included recruiting all the mothers of under-five in Yemetu community who gave consent for the study. Four hundred (400) mothers of under-five in Yemetu community consented to participate in the study and were selected. A validated semi-structured questionnaire interviewed and self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and respondents were assessed on a 62-points knowledge scale, 5-points practice scale, and 17-points perception scales. Knowledge score ≤21 were rated poor, scores ≥22≤42 fair and scores ≥43 were considered good. Practice score ≤3 was recorded as poor practice while scores ≥3 good practice. Perception scores ≤ 9 were considered unfavourable perception and scores ≥ 9 were considered favourable. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data at 95% level of significance.
Respondents’ mean age was 29.9 ± 7.0 years and the majority of them (91.1%) of them were Yoruba. The majority (91.0%) of them were married and (91.1%) were Yorubas. Only (23.0%) correctly identified plasmodium as a cause of malaria. The correctly mentioned signs and symptoms of simple malaria were; cold (89.3%), body ache (91.3%) and fever (88.5%). The fairly corrected home management practice steps include; Exposure of baby to fresh air, administration of paracetamol, and then provision of coartem (2.6%) and bathing the baby, use of paracetamol and administration of coartem (1.3%). Negative perception shown by the respondents includes: Only (15.0%) believed that malaria is a disease of the poor and preference of herbal medicine to medical medicine for treating children at home when they have malaria episode because it is cheaper (19.8%). Overall, (2.9%) had poor knowledge, the majority (87.3%) had a fair knowledge, and 9.8% had good knowledge. There are several gaps in the respondents’ knowledge relating to malaria and its management in under-five. Therefore, there is a need for peer education/training approach in this regard to upgrading mothers' knowledge and skills concerning the treatment, prevention, and control of malaria.
Predictive Performance of Hargreaves Model in Estimating Solar Radiation in Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria Using Minimum Climatological Data
Authors: Samuel Ojo , Taofeek Ayodele Alimi , Anna Solomon Amos 
Published: October 2019

Mathematical models have been very useful in reducing challenges encountered by researchers due to the inability of having solar radiation data or lack of instrumental sites at every point on the Earth. This work aimed at investigating the prediction performance of Hargreaves-Samani’s model in estimating global solar radiation (GSR) out of the many other empirical models so far formulated for this purpose. This model basically uses maximum and minimum temperature data and basically used in mid-latitudes. The paper attempts to assess the predictive performance of Hargreaves-Samani’s model in the Savanna region using Yola as a case study. Estimated values of GSR from one month data adopted from the Meteorological station of the Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria was used for this purpose. Using this model shows a 95% index of agreement (IA) with the observed values; which suggests a good model performance and can also be used in estimating global solar radiation in the Savanna region particularly in areas with little or no such climatic data.
Reading and Interpreting Machine Printed Text in Camera-Captured Document Images
Authors: J. Rehna V. , Siddique Abid , Naik Sreenivas 
Published: October 2019

Aims: To introduce a cost-effective tool for reading and interpreting machine printed text in document images and save as computer-processable codes.
Study Design: In this work, emphasize is given on extracting uppercase & lowercase letters and numerals from document images by the technique of segmentation and feature extraction using MATLAB Image Processing toolbox.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Engineering, Ibri College of Technology, between September 2017 and May 2018.
Methodology: Necessary information about existing algorithms on character recognition is collected by review of relevant literature available in journals, books, manuals and related documents. Suitable architecture and novel algorithm for a simple, low cost, low complexity, highly accurate system is developed as per the specifications and reviewed literature. Functionality of the design is verified using simulation software MATLAB.
Results: The proposed method can extract characters from document image (which may be scanned or camera captured) of any font size, colour, space and can be rewritten in an editable window like Notepad, WordPad where the characters can even be edited; thus, improving accuracy and hence, saves time.
Conclusion: This algorithm gives promising results that have been obtained on a number of images in which almost all characters are retrieved. It also gives 90 percent accuracy for all printed characters.
A Numerical Simulation of Meshes Mending Used in the Three-dimensional Porthole Die Extrusion of Thin Wall Profiles
Authors: Hsia Shao-Yi 
Published: October 2019

Aims: The variety of aluminium products used in many industries (e.g., aviation, railroad, and transport) drive the need for an urgent increase in aluminium feedstock. Improved aluminium extrusion forming and mold design guarantee product quality, shorten production time, and enhance mold life. We analyse and discuss the problems resulting from the simulation and analysis of thin-layer aluminium alloy rims by focusing on porthole die extrusion for bicycles. In general, when analysing with CAE, the billet going from portholes to the welding chamber in the hot extrusion forming process indicates that mesh penetration during remesh causes volume loss and stops the simulation. This is especially serious on thin wall products.
Methodology: In this study, applying mesh mending to extrusion of the billet could solve this problem, and the previous issue of mesh contact causing volume disappearance would not appear during simulation. After solving the remesh problem, the optimisation method in the Taguchi Method could be utilised to modify the hot extrusion mold and analyse its existing speed to avoid uneven forming.
Results: Our analysis simultaneously examined stress, strain, velocity gradient, and product formation to understand the relationships between parameters and extrusion load as well as forming defects caused by thin wall extrusion. It is expected to provide a specifically practicable analysis model for aluminium extrusion.
Conclusion: Comparing the simulation size with design size ensures accuracy. The maximum size error was 8.70% at a size of 0.92mm, and the maximum error of the rest of the sizes was about ±5%, which was acceptable in this study.
Analysis of the Synthetic Gas Production from Saw Dust Gasification
Authors: Raphael Akinyemi Oluwaseyi , Gideon Olaiya Niyi 
Published: October 2019

Aims: Produce combustible gas from sawdust for domestic house use.
Study Design: A fluidized bed gasifier suitable for sawdust gasification was used.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was done at the federal university of technology akure, Ondo state Nigeria
Methodology: Sawdust was first processed by converting it to pellets. Tests were carried out on the pellets using a bomb calorimeter using the ASTM-E771 standard. On experimental, the pellets were loaded into the reactor and then fired. Air was forced into the plenum, after which the air distributor plate evenly distributed jets of air in the bed resulting in complete and incomplete combustion.
Results: Experimental tests showed that the pellets have a heating value of 16.36 MJ of energy per kg and a higher percentage of volatile matter of 57.62% (ASTM-E872) and a lower percentage of fixed carbon than the initial sawdust sample. The produced synthesis gas composed of methane 63.4%, Ammonia 1.09%, Carbon monoxide 0.63%, Hydrogen sulphide 0.84% and carbon dioxide 34.04%.
Conclusion: The gas was ignited showing it was combustible.
Design Modification of an Indigenous Extruder
Authors: Koyenikan O. O. , Olukunle O. J. , Olalusi A. P. 
Published: October 2019

This research involved the design and modification of an existing fish feed extruder which was subjected to evaluation in order to produce floatable fish feeds. It was observed that the temperature of the extruded feed was on the average of 70°C with moisture content of 25% wet basis. The modifications incorporated into the existing extruder included the water pump, sprockets and chain, circuit box containing essential electrical components and temperature sensors. The volume of hopper, weight of hopper, diameter of the screw auger, power required to drive the screw auger, volume of the extruding barrel, forces and weight acting on the chain, speed for driving the larger and smaller sprocket, length of the sprocket chain, weight of screw for each revolution, total load acting on the screw, torsional moment of the screw and diameter of shaft were designed. Another modification was the incorporation of a system that could raise the barrel`s internal temperature for five different temperatures between 90°C and 130°C. The functional efficiencies of the existing and modified extruder were 56.52 and 91.30% and their throughput capacities were 0.53 and 1.24 kg/hr respectively.