bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of hybrid median filter for the removal of various noises in digital image
Authors: Sreejith Shwetha , Nayak Jagadish 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to construct a hybrid median filter using MATLAB and use that filter to remove impulse noise from an image, in order to produce an enhanced image. This is done in order to show how a hybrid median filter can be a more optimal option than a conventional median filter for removing impulse noise.
Performance analysis of AGSM adaptive unipolar MIMO-OFDM for visible light communication
Authors: Yadav Devendra Pratap , Singh Harshit , Keshri Aditya , Prakash Kaustubh , Singh Vinay 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Visible light communication is a leading technology in wireless communication which provides free spectrum with high data rate. In this paper, improvement of the data rate is achieved in the adaptive transmission for U-OFDM system which works on switching of various MIMO modes. In VLC system different MIMO modes give different performance on the basis of their modulation size. The adaptive system switches between spatial modulation (SM), spatial multiplexing (SMUX), repetition code (RC) and adaptive generalized spatial modulation (AGSM) MIMO modes on the basis of received SNR and target Bit Error rate to attain high spectral efficiency (χ). The performance of adaptive generalized spatial modulation mode is analysed and compared with the three modes (RC, SM, SMUX) over 2×2, 4×4, 8×8 MIMO systems in realistic channel models. The simulation results show that significant improvement in data rate and spectral efficiency is achieved using AGSM MIMO mode in comparison to SM, RC and SMUX MIMO modes.
A miniaturized antenna array for direct air-to-ground communication of aircrafts
Authors: Shashi Kumar D , Suganthi S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a miniaturized, high directivity low-cost antenna array is presented. The uniqueness of the proposed array (PA) exists in the feed mechanism designed using Dolph-Chebyshev non-uniform excitations. Authors simulated the designed antenna array using ANSYS EM 18.2 (HFSS) software and characterization is carried out in a fully established anechoic chamber. The simulated array antenna is operating at 2.4 GHz with a gain of 8.12 dB and a reflection coefficient of -28.45 dB having a bandwidth of 110 MHz. On contrast with the traditional array (TA), PA exhibits enhanced resonance characteristics by maintaining the same radiation characteristics. The bandwidth is increased by 37.5%, maintaining the same gain of 8.12 dB. In contrast, there is a remarkable reduction in the size compared to the traditional corporate feed array antenna with non-uniform excitation. The overall size of the PA antenna is 242.5 mm × 58.8 mm, which is 33.73% less compared to the TA.
Signal Analysis and Filtering using one Dimensional Hilbert Transform
Authors: Dankan Gowda V , Naveena Pai G , Sridhara S B , Shashidhara K S , Gangadhara  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the ground of Digital Signal dispensation, the discrete Hilbert Transform has found more and more important. The representation of a signal as the real part of a complex function in time is very much useful in many areas of signal analysis. In this paper, the demonstration of a significant improvement of a real seismic signal in the form of the complex envelope (amplitude and phase ) which may be obtained by using the discrete Hilbert transform techniques. The pulse here considered for the study is similar to the Berlage function that is used to replicate seismic signals. In addition to this, it also presents discussion on the application of Hilbert transform on the spectral factorization which is related to the minimum phase and inverse filters.
Design of STATCOM for reactive power control using multilevel inverter
Authors: Lazar Amal , Chandel Ashwani Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
STATCOM a power electronic based device is widely used for reactive power compensation. In the present work, a STATCOM is realized by employing a 3-level neutral point clamped inverter which is controlled by space vector pulse width modulation technique. Switching sequence for STATCOM is designed by minimizing the deviation in neutral voltage. Subsequently, the STATCOM is connected to the load side of a power network and by varying source voltage, reactive power control is accomplished resulting in voltage control of load side and improving the power quality of the network. The present work will be useful to the utilities dealing with reactive power and voltage control of AC transmission networks.
Evaluation the current specifications for bridge in mountainous area of Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Tung , Hoang Viet Hai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Vietnam area is more than 320,000 square kilometers and three – forth are mountainous area. The transportation in this mountainous is very hard. Due to the mountainous geography, there is a lack of bridge which allow pedestrian or low – loading vehicle passing through. Besides the technical specification that was officially issued only cover the bridge on Highway and rural road. In this paper, the results of survey of bridge condition at 3 mountainous provinces is introduced and the evaluation of current specification, the basic technical specifications for mountainous bridges are also proposed.
Foundations of wind power plants - challenges in designing and execution of construction work
Authors: Rybak Jaroslaw 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper is focused on foundations of wind turbines and challenges in design, execution and long-term maintenance. Some typical solutions are listed: footings (round plates) on natural soil, footings on modified soil (DSM, stone columns, CMC) and deep foundations (piles). The author juxtaposed basic problems that appear in design phase: data acquisition for various kinds of foundations, appropriate calculation model and possibility of on-site verification and possible changes. Problems appearing during execution of works are illustrated with examples of service roads arrangement, earth works (excavations) and soil improvement or piling. The author emphasized the role of quality control including: monitoring of soil conditions and groundwater level at execution stage and impact of earth works – re-profiling of ground level. In final remarks, some recommendations are given for current control of quality (ground parameters, soil improvement, piling) and long-time maintenance – possible problems in foundations related to: time, cyclic loading and changes in the soil related to previous earthworks.
Assessment and prediction of PM10 concentration using ARIMA
Authors: Hosamane Sateesh N , Prashanth K S , Virupakshi Arjun S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Urban air pollution is rapidly becoming an environmental issue of global concern, affecting public health, regional weather, and climate. The air quality crisis in cities is mainly caused by vehicle emissions. A city's air quality is assessed using the Air Quality Index (AQI), which analyses concentrations of air pollutants such as PM10, sulphur dioxide SO2, and nitrogen dioxide NO2. The current study on air pollution was carried out in the SG Halli area of Bangaluru and required air pollutant data was collected from the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (CPCB). With the exception of PM10, the pollutant concentration was within the permissible limits set by the Central Pollution Control Authority (CPCB). Pollutant concentrations were analyzed using meteorological variables such as relative humidity (RH), temperature (T), wind direction (WD), wind speed (WS), and solar radiation (SR). PM10 concentrations are predicted using an auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. PM10 concentrations were well predicted by ARIMA model. On the AQI scale, it can be seen that the atmospheric environment of SG Halli is moderately polluted.
Effect of nickel containing mixing water on the properties blended cement mortar
Authors: Madhusudana Reddy B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Influence of Nickel(Ni) present in the water which is used for mixing of blended cement was experimentally evaluated. The properties investigated were setting times, soundness, compressive strength, and durability aspects like acid attack, alkaline attack and sulphate attack. Specimens were prepared by using the de-ionized as well as Nickel(Ni) spiked de-ionized water for reference and the test samples respectively. The concentrations of Nickel(Ni) tested for different samples are 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000mg/L. It is observed that on comparison with reference specimens, the setting process of cement of test specimens has increased with increase of Nickel proportion in de-ionized water. Increase of initial setting time was insignificant up to 100 mg/L concentration whereas the same for final setting time was significant for all concentrations. Change in expansion of cement mortar is insignificant up to 3000 mg/L concentrations of the Nickel(Ni). The change in strength was noticed to be insignificant at all the concentrations of Nickel(Ni). However, there is an increase in strength with higher Nickel proportion up to 2000 mg/L. This proportion of 2000 mg/L was considered as the reference mix for conducting durability tests. The strength as well as weight loss for the specimen mortar cubes placed in acidic medium are severe compared to that of alkaline and sulphate solutions with increase in age.
Solving reliability redundancy allocation problem using grey wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Rakhi  , Pahuja G L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work presents a metaheuristic approach of solving Reliability-Redundancy-Allocation- Problem (RRAP) of a system using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. The RRAP is restructured here for different configurations of a system such as series, series-parallel, bridge, and a practical system of over-speed protection. The solution of RRAP provides the decision in selecting the optimal number of redundant components with the corresponding reliability level of each subsystem to maximize the overall reliability of a system subjected to non-linear resource constraints. The proposed approach using the GWO algorithm provides better results with higher exploration and exploitation capability of search space than the existing solutions in the literature. Further, with the computation of Maximum Possible Improvement (MPI) using other optimization methods, it is evident that GWO solves the RRAPs efficiently and delivers maximum reliability of the system with an optimal selection of components.
Aspect of join ingress authority for civic directory
Authors: Rajaprakash S , Muthuselvan S , Bagath Basha C , Kesshika A , Pavithra E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
T Nowadays, Cloud computing is a major and emerging platform that provides various IT related services. The two major factors which inhibit the growth of cloud computing are privacy and security. Hackers can break into public or private cloud environment and steal the data. They can use it with malicious intent such as either use or sell the sensitive information obtained from the business cloud environment. Hence, user’s safety depends upon security level in cloud service providers. For an enterprise, there are enormous amount of data is stored and most of them are sensitive information which can affect huge number of people or an entire business organization. Networks are the medium through which all tasks are performed. For access control, being one of the classic research topics, various schemes have been proposed and implemented. In existing key policy, when the key which provides access to the data falls into the wrong hands, they can use it with malicious intent such as steal or alter the data or sell the sensitive information obtained from the business cloud environment. Using our proposed algorithm, we can able to provide a collaborative access control scheme for public cloud storage. This system is implemented using encryption method called Attribute Based Encryption. Encrypting data ensures that even if the data falls into the wrong hands, it is useless as long as its keys remain secure. Even when the hacker gets access to the key, he cannot access the data as only the assigned users can access the data using the key.
Performances of non-parameterised radial basis functions in pattern recognition applications
Authors: Tavaen S , Viriyapong R , Kaennakham S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pattern recognition appears in many applications with most popular scheme are those involved the so-called ‘Radial Basis Function (RBF)’. It is known that the shape parameter contained in some RBFs used has great influence on the final quality of prediction. This study focusses on RBFs which contains no parameters where three data patterns are used for performance validation. With a good choice of number of centres, it is clearly possible to obtain satisfactory results with no burden on choosing the suitable or optimal shape. This can well shed more light into applications with more complexity with less user’s judgment and be more automatic in the process.
Effect of feed and step depth in hole flanging using single point incremental forming
Authors: Makwana Rudreshkumar , Modi Bharat , Patel Kaushik 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Single Point Incremental Forming can be used to form hole flanges in automobile and aerospace applications. In hole flanging using single point incremental forming, a study on effect of feed and step depth on formability has been carried out. Hole flange thickness is taken as formability criterion. Moreover, effect of those parameters on surface roughness has also been studied to understand effect of Single Point Incremental Forming. The results obtained by experimental work were analyzed and are presented here.
Comparative study on the effect of single coil and multi coil magnetorheological damper through finite element analysis
Authors: Kariganaur Ashok Kumar , Kumar Hemantha , Mahalingam Arun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Magnetorheological damper is vibration reducing system in which the magnetorheological fluid is the operating liquid which changes its behaviour with external stimulus by increasing the yield stress of fluid with the application of external magnetic field. Most of the vibration reducing equipment’s is operated with single coil, and in this paper, study of multi coil magnetorheological damper is discussed and compared with the single coil for its magnetic flux density of the applied currents is studied by dividing equal and unequal number of turns of the coil in multi coil unlike in single coil damper.
A review on erosion of a Pelton turbine bucket
Authors: Shah H A , Chaudhari G C , Dhiman V D , Ansari F S , Pathak M N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hydro-power energy is the most efficient renewable energy sources in the world. India stands in the top ten hydropower generation countries list. Pelton turbine is a well-known hydropower extraction machine. The Pelton turbine buckets play an important role in the efficiency of the hydro turbine which is in continuous interaction with high velocity jet and there are possibilities of damages to the bucket in the form of erosion as water contains small debris as sediments. Eroded buckets greatly reduce the efficiency of the turbine. Attempt is made by researchers to developed co-relations to evaluate wear rate and efficiency reduction based on the practical data. The majority of erosion takes place at splitter areas. An erosion cannot be eliminated, but it can be reduced by some amount. The results of the mathematical model indicate that the effect of silt size to the wear rate is 0.0001 gram per gram of bucket weight for a particular silt concentration and the result of silt concentration to wear rate is 0.0007 gram per gram of bucket weight for a particular silt size. The normalised efficiency loss is increased to 0.13% for a specific silt size with the variation of silt contraction. The average wear rate is nearly 3.1 mm per year for laboratory-scale Pelton turbine bucket; which is manufactured from brass and bronze materials. The coating of various materials over the buckets are used by researchers to reduce erosion. Among all coating materials, WC-Co-Cr gives better results against erosion.
Redesign of computer workstation using ergonomics
Authors: Sreerag A , Arunkumar S , Jayadeep J , Pereira A H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Today’s world is mostly occupied on computers, for which the workstation must be more comfortable to the operators. The objective of this paper is to develop a new design of a computer workstation (upright position) for preventing health risks associated with conventional workstations. The redesigned workstation incorporating ergonomics enhances the motivation, performance and productivity of the operator without affecting health. The vital requirements of computer workstation specified in various literature as per the standards for providing comfort to users is briefly presented. In addition, the product must be manufactured at less cost. To accomplish this design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) principles are employed. Finally, the integrity of the redesigned workstation is analysed using simulation software.
Effects of hot forging and subsequent carburisation on low-carbon steels.
Authors: Srivastava Sanchit , Lembhe S D 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe research intends to work on the increasing hardness of low carbon steels by a congregation of box carburisation with different combination of low carbon steels that have been initially reduced to a certain volume vis-a-vis hot forging.There has not been ample work that look at a combination of hot forging and carburisation and hence this paper is a comparative study of the increase in surface hardness of three metal surfaces at three different steps- when low carbon steels are just carburised; only forged and when the materials go both carburisation and forging. The research is conducted on three different metals(MS, EN8,SAE8620) and Vicker’s Hardness Tester was solicited for hardness testing and conclusions in terms of hardness and case depth rallied with plunge in the volume of the metals.
Increased Amazon Basin wet-season precipitation and river discharge since the early 1990s driven by tropical Pacific variability
Authors: Friedman Andrew R , Bollasina Massimo A , Gastineau Guillaume , Khodri Myriam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Amazon Basin, the largest watershed on Earth, experienced a significant increase in wet-season precipitation and high-season river discharge from the early 1990s to early 2010s. Some studies have linked the increased Amazon Basin hydrologic cycle to decadal trends of increased Pacific trade winds, eastern Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) cooling, and associated strengthening of the Pacific Walker circulation. However, it has been difficult to disentangle the role of Pacific decadal variability from the impacts of greenhouse gases and other external climate drivers over the same period. Here, we separate the contributions of external forcings from those of Pacific decadal variability by comparing two large ensembles of climate model experiments with identical radiative forcing agents but imposing different tropical Pacific wind stress. One ensemble constrains tropical Pacific wind stress to its long-term climatology, suppressing tropical Pacific decadal variability; the other ensemble imposes the observed tropical Pacific wind stress anomalies, simulating realistic tropical Pacific decadal variability. Comparing the Amazon Basin hydroclimate response in the two ensembles allows us to distinguish the contributions of external forcings common to both simulations from those related to Pacific trade wind variability. For the 1992–2012 trend, the experiments with observed tropical Pacific wind stress anomalies simulate strengthening of the Walker circulation between the Pacific and South America and sharpening of the Pacific–Atlantic interbasin SST contrast, driving increased Amazon Basin wet-season precipitation and high-season discharge. In contrast, these circulation and hydrologic intensification trends are absent in the simulations with climatological tropical Pacific wind stress. This work underscores the importance of Pacific decadal variability in driving hydrological cycle changes and modulating the hydroclimate impacts of global warming over the Amazon Basin.
Assessing the long-term interactions of climate change and timber markets on forest land and carbon storage
Authors: Favero Alice , Mendelsohn Robert , Sohngen Brent , Stocker Benjamin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the environmental and economic impacts of climate change on global and regional forests from now through 2200. By integrating the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios with climate models, a vegetation model, socio-economic scenarios, and a forest economic model, the study explores long run adjustments of both ecosystems and markets to climate change that have not been studied before. The ecological model suggests that global forest productivity increases under RCP 8.5. The overall supply of timber expands faster than demand through the 23rd century lowering timber prices and creating net benefits in the timber sector. Consumers benefit the most from the lower prices but these same low prices tend to damage forest owners, especially in the tropics. Even without a formal sequestration policy, average global forest carbon is projected to increase by 6%–8% by 2100. Under the RCP 2.6, forest carbon remains stable through 2200 but under RCP 8.5 it is simulated to increase by another 8% with a very heterogeneous distribution across world regions. Under both RCPs, global forest area is projected to increase relative to a no-climate change case until 2150, but possibly decline thereafter.
Snowpack signals in North American tree rings
Authors: Coulthard Bethany L , Anchukaitis Kevin J , Pederson Gregory T , Cook Edward , Littell Jeremy , Smith Dan J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Climate change has contributed to recent declines in mountain snowpack and earlier runoff, which in turn have intensified hydrological droughts in western North America. Climate model projections suggest that continued and severe snowpack reductions are expected over the 21st century, with profound consequences for ecosystems and human welfare. Yet the current understanding of trends and variability in mountain snowpack is limited by the relatively short and strongly temperature forced observational record. Motivated by the urgent need to better understand snowpack dynamics in a long-term, spatially coherent framework, here we examine snow-growth relationships in western North American tree-ring chronologies. We present an extensive network of snow-sensitive proxy data to support high space/time resolution paleosnow reconstruction, quantify and interpret the type and spatial density of snow related signals in tree-ring records, and examine the potential for regional bias in the tree-ring based reconstruction of different snow drought types (dry versus warm). Our results indicate three distinct snow-growth relationships in tree-ring chronologies: moisture-limited snow proxies that include a spring temperature signal, moisture-limited snow proxies lacking a spring temperature signal, and energy-limited snow proxies. Each proxy type is based on distinct physiological tree-growth mechanisms related to topographic and climatic site conditions, and provides unique information on mountain snowpack dynamics that can be capitalized upon within a statistical reconstruction framework. This work provides a platform and foundational background required for the accelerated production of high-quality annually resolved snowpack reconstructions from regional to high (

<

12 km) spatial scales in western North America and, by extension, will support an improved understanding of the vulnerability of snowmelt-derived water resources to natural variability and future climate warming.