bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of short-term manure nitrogen input on soil microbial community structure and diversity in a double-cropping paddy field of southern China
Authors: Tang Haiming , Li Chao , Xiao Xiaoping , Shi Lihong , Cheng Kaikai , Wen Li , Li Weiyan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial communities were affected by different fertilizer management. Fertilizer regime were closely relative to the soil texture and nutrient status in a double-cropping paddy field of southern China. However, there was limited information about the influence of different manure nitrogen (N) input on soil microbial communities in a double-cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.) field. Therefore, the short-term different manure N input rate management on soil bacterial and fungal diversity in a double-cropping paddy field of southern China were studied by using Illumina sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technology in the present paper. The filed experiment were including 100% N of chemical fertilizer (M0), 30% N of organic manure and 70% N of chemical fertilizer (M30), 50% N of organic manure and 50% N of chemical fertilizer (M50), 100% N of organic manure (M100), and without N fertilizer input as control (CK). The results showed that diversity indices of soil microbial communities with application of organic manure and chemical N fertilizer treatments were higher than that of CK treatment. Application of organic manure and chemical N fertilizer management increase soil bacterial abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, and soil fungi abundance of the phylum Basidiomycota and Zygomycota were also increased. Compared with CK treatment, the value of Richness, Shannon and McIntosh indices, and taxonomic diversity were increased with M30, M50 and M100 treatments. This finding demonstrated that M30, M50 and M100 treatments modify soil bacterial and fungal diversity. Therefore, the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer N management could significantly increase the abundance of profitable functional bacteria and fungi species in a double-cropping rice field of southern China.
Effect of YAP/TAZ on megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet production
Authors: Lorthongpanich Chanchao , Jiamvoraphong Nittaya , Klaihmon Phatchanat , Lueangamornnara Usaneeporn , U-pratya Yaowalak , Laowtammathron Chuti , Issaragrisil Surapol 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Platelet transfusion is required for life-threatening thrombocytopenic bleeding, and single donor platelet concentrate is the ideal transfusion product. However, due to the inadequate number of donors that can donate a large volume of platelets, in vitro platelets production could be an alternative. We developed an in vitro production system designed to increase the platelet production yield from cultured cells. Previously, we reported that depletion of a Hippo pathway core kinase (LATS1/2) inhibited platelet production from cultured megakaryocytes. In the present study, we further investigated the role of the Hippo pathway in megakaryocyte proliferation and platelet production by focusing on the role of its effector proteins (YAP and TAZ), which are down-stream targets of LATS1/2 kinase. We found that YAP plays an essential role in megakaryoblastic cell proliferation, maturation, and platelet production, while TAZ showed minor effect. Knockdown of YAP, either by genetic manipulation or pharmaceutical molecule, significantly increased caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in cultured megakaryocytes, and increased platelet production as opposed to overexpressing YAP. We, therefore, demonstrate a paradigm for the regulation of megakaryocyte development and platelet production via the Hippo signaling pathway, and suggest the potential use of an FDA-approved drug to induce higher platelet production in cultured cells.
Factors Influencing Cognate Performance for Young Multilingual Children's Vocabulary: A Research Synthesis
Authors: Squires Lindsey R. , Ohlfest Sara J. , Santoro Kristen E. , Roberts Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review was to determine evidence of a cognate effect for young multilingual children (ages 3;0–8;11 [years;months], preschool to second grade) in terms of task-level and child-level factors that may influence cognate performance. Cognates are pairs of vocabulary words that share meaning with similar phonology and/or orthography in more than one language, such asrose–rosa(English–Spanish) orcarrot–carotte(English–French). Despite the cognate advantage noted with older bilingual children and bilingual adults, there has been no systematic examination of the cognate research in young multilingual children.MethodWe conducted searches of multiple electronic databases and hand-searched article bibliographies for studies that examined young multilingual children's performance with cognates based on study inclusion criteria aligned to the research questions.ResultsThe review yielded 16 articles. The majority of the studies (12/16, 75%) demonstrated a positive cognate effect for young multilingual children (measured in higher accuracy, faster reaction times, and doublet translation equivalents on cognates as compared to noncognates). However, not all bilingual children demonstrated a cognate effect. Both task-level factors (cognate definition, type of cognate task, word characteristics) and child-level factors (level of bilingualism, age) appear to influence young bilingual children's performance on cognates.ConclusionsContrary to early 1990s research, current researchers suggest that even young multilingual children may demonstrate sensitivity to cognate vocabulary words. Given the limits in study quality, more high-quality research is needed, particularly to address test validity in cognate assessments, to develop appropriate cognate definitions for children, and to refine word-level features. Only one study included a brief instruction prior to assessment, warranting cognate treatment studies as an area of future need.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12753179
High Flow Oxygen Therapy and the Pressure to Feed Infants With Acute Respiratory Illness
Authors: Raminick Jennifer , Desai Hema 
Published: August 2020

PurposeInfants hospitalized for an acute respiratory illness often require the use of noninvasive respiratory support during the initial stage to improve their breathing. High flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) is becoming a more popular means of noninvasive respiratory support, often used to treat respiratory syncytial virus/bronchiolitis. These infants present with tachypnea and coughing, resulting in difficulties in coordinating sucking and swallowing. However, they are often allowed to feed orally despite having high respiratory rate, increased work of breathing and on HFOT, placing them at risk for aspiration. Feeding therapists who work with these infants have raised concerns that HFOT creates an additional risk factor for swallowing dysfunction, especially with infants who have compromised airways or other comorbidities. There is emerging literature concluding changes in pharyngeal pressures with HFOT, as well as aspiration in preterm neonates who are on nasal continuous positive airway pressure. However, there is no existing research exploring the effect of HFOT on swallowing in infants with acute respiratory illness. This discussion will present findings from literature on HFOT, oral feeding in the acutely ill infant population, and present clinical practice guidelines for safe feeding during critical care admission for acute respiratory illness.ConclusionGuidelines for safety of oral feeds for infants with acute respiratory illness on HFOT do not exist. However, providers and parents continue to want to provide oral feeds despite clinical signs of respiratory distress and coughing. To address this challenge, we initiated a process change to use clinical bedside evaluation and a “cross-systems approach” to provide recommendations for safer oral feeds while on HFOT as the infant is recovering from illness. Use of standardized feeding evaluation and protocol have improved consistency of practice within our department. However, further research is still necessary to develop clinical practice guidelines for safe oral feeding for infants on HFOT.
Additivity of relative magnetic helicity in finite volumes
Authors: Valori Gherardo , Démoulin Pascal , Pariat Etienne , Yeates Anthony , Moraitis Kostas , Linan Luis 
Published: August 2020

Context. Relative magnetic helicity is conserved by magneto-hydrodynamic evolution even in the presence of moderate resistivity. For that reason, it is often invoked as the most relevant constraint on the dynamical evolution of plasmas in complex systems, such as solar and stellar dynamos, photospheric flux emergence, solar eruptions, and relaxation processes in laboratory plasmas. However, such studies often indirectly imply that relative magnetic helicity in a given spatial domain can be algebraically split into the helicity contributions of the composing subvolumes, in other words that it is an additive quantity. A limited number of very specific applications have shown that this is not the case.
Aims. Progress in understanding the nonadditivity of relative magnetic helicity requires removal of restrictive assumptions in favor of a general formalism that can be used in both theoretical investigations and numerical applications.
Methods. We derive the analytical gauge-invariant expression for the partition of relative magnetic helicity between contiguous finite volumes, without any assumptions on either the shape of the volumes and interface, or the employed gauge.
Results. We prove the nonadditivity of relative magnetic helicity in finite volumes in the most general, gauge-invariant formalism, and verify this numerically. We adopt more restrictive assumptions to derive known specific approximations, which yields a unified view of the additivity issue. As an example, the case of a flux rope embedded in a potential field shows that the nonadditivity term in the partition equation is, in general, non-negligible.
Conclusions. The nonadditivity of relative magnetic helicity can potentially be a serious impediment to the application of relative helicity conservation as a constraint on the complex dynamics of magnetized plasmas. The relative helicity partition formula can be applied to numerical simulations to precisely quantify the effect of nonadditivity on global helicity budgets of complex physical processes.
Statistical properties of turbulent fluctuations associated with electron-only magnetic reconnection
Authors: Arró G. , Califano F. , Lapenta G. 
Published: August 2020

Context. Recent satellite measurements in the turbulent magnetosheath of Earth have given evidence of an unusual reconnection mechanism that is driven exclusively by electrons. This newly observed process was called electron-only reconnection, and its interplay with plasma turbulence is a matter of great debate.
Aims. By using 2D-3V hybrid Vlasov–Maxwell simulations of freely decaying plasma turbulence, we study the role of electron-only reconnection in the development of plasma turbulence. In particular, we search for possible differences with respect to the turbulence associated with standard ion-coupled reconnection.
Methods. We analyzed the structure functions of the turbulent magnetic field and ion fluid velocity fluctuations to characterize the structure and the intermittency properties of the turbulent energy cascade.
Results. We find that the statistical properties of turbulent fluctuations associated with electron-only reconnection are consistent with those of turbulent fluctuations associated with standard ion-coupled reconnection, and no peculiar signature related to electron-only reconnection is found in the turbulence statistics. This result suggests that the turbulent energy cascade in a collisionless magnetized plasma does not depend on the specific mechanism associated with magnetic reconnection. The properties of the dissipation range are discussed as well, and we claim that only electrons contribute to the dissipation of magnetic field energy at sub-ion scales.
COVID-19 and endoscopic management of superficial gastrointestinal neoplastic lesions: a multinational cross-sectional survey
Authors: Rodríguez-Carrasco Marta , Albéniz Eduardo , Bhandari Pradeep , Beyna Torsten , Bourke Michael J. , Min Ahyeon , Chiu Philip W. Y. , Chu Simon , Yip Hon Chi , Deprez Pierre H. , Emura Fabian , Repici Alessandro , Suzuki Noriko , Yahagi Naohisa , Kubosawa Yoko , Hassan Cesare , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction We aimed to report the impact of the pandemic lockdown period on the treatment and prognosis of superficial gastrointestinal neoplastic lesions.
Methods A survey was completed by 11 centers from four continents regarding postponements during the early lockdown period of the pandemic, and the same period in 2019.
Results In 2020, 55 % of the scheduled procedures were deferred, which was 11 times higher than in 2019; the main reasons were directly related to COVID-19. In countries that were highly affected, this proportion rose to 76 % vs. 26 % in those where there was less impact. Despite the absolute reduction, the relative distribution in 2019 vs. 2020 was similar, the only exception being duodenal lesions (affected by a 92 % reduction in mucosectomies). Although it is expected that the majority of postponements will not affect the stage (based on the results from biopsies and/or endoscopic appearance), 3 % of delayed procedures will probably require surgery.
Conclusions The lockdown period caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to a substantial reduction in the number of endoscopic resections for neoplastic lesions. Nevertheless, based on clinical judgment, the planned median delay will not worsen the prognosis of the affected patients.
Cognitive Impairment in Moderate Degree Diffuse Axonal Head Injuries: Analysis of 84 Cases Using MMSE
Authors: Jaleel Momin Abdul , Ramesh Shighakolli , Raju Subodh , Sharma Renuka , Anjankar Shailendra , Reddy R. Harikishore 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground Cognitive impairment is commonly seen in traumatic brain injury survivors. Posttraumatic cognitive sequelae may be more devastating than focal motor and focal sensory deficits, and are usually left unattended.Aim and Objective Aim of this study was to assess cognitive impairment in patients who had sustained moderate degree diffuse axonal injuries and having good outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score of 5).Methods and Materials Prospective observational study was done from 2011 to 2015 on the patients who had sustained moderated degree diffuse brain injuries. Eighty-four cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were studied. Patients were assessed with Mini-Mental Status Examination at discharge, end of 1 month, and at 3 months.Result Seventy-six were males and 8 were females. Age ranged from 16 to 49 years. Note that 4.76% (4) patients had hypotension at presentation, 32.14% (27) patients had associated injuries, and 19.04% (16) patients had hyponatremia at presentation. Diabetes mellitus was seen in 34.52% (29) patients, while hypertension was seen in 14.28% (12). At 3 months’ follow-up, 19.06% (16) patients had cognitive impairment. The present study revealed that hypotension and presence of associated injuries at presentation raises the odds of having cognitive impairment by 8 and 5 times, respectively.Conclusion Routine assessment of cognitive impairment in head injury survivors is essential as it may help in identifying cognitive deficits. Early intervention of neurorehabilitation to such patients results in better neurocognitive outcome. Hypotension and associated injuries are associated with poor cognitive outcome.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Intensive Care Unit: Antibiotic Treatment of Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations
Authors: Gupta Nita , Haley Ryan , Gupta Ashish , Sethi Sanjay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPatients who suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often experience deterioration of baseline respiratory symptoms, acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), that become more frequent with disease progression. Based on symptom severity, approximately 20% of these patients will require hospitalization. The most common indicators for intensive care unit (ICU) admission have been found to be worsening or impending respiratory failure and hemodynamic instability. Bacterial and viral bronchial infections are the causative triggers in the majority of COPD exacerbations in the ICU, with a comprehensive assessment revealing them in 72% of cases. The distribution of bacterial pathogens involved in AECOPD requiring ICU admission show an increased incidence of gram-negative respiratory isolates, including Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae spp., when compared with outpatient exacerbations. Evaluation of these patients requires careful attention to comorbid conditions. An effort to rapidly obtain lower respiratory samples for microbiological samples prior to initiation of antibiotics should be made as adequate samples can guide subsequent modifications of antibiotic treatment if the clinical response to empiric treatment is poor. Empiric antibiotic treatment should be promptly initiated in all patients with a major consideration for the choice being the presence of risk factors for Pseudomonas infection. Evaluation of clinical response at 48 to 72 hours is crucial, and total duration of antibiotics of 5 to 7 days should be adequate.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury: Management Strategies
Authors: Bonilla-Mendoza Carlos-Andrés , Garcia-Ballestas Ezequiel , Pacheco-Hernandez Alfonso , Moscote-Salazar Luis-Rafael , Keni Ravish R. , Agrawal Amit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractToday, traumatic brain injuries continue to be studied, increasingly investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the clinical presentation, severity, and possible sequelae, but despite this, the prognosis of these patients is sometimes poor. Mitochondrial dysfunction comprises a series of reactions that contribute to the inflammatory process in these patients that have an impact on the prognosis, since it is one of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in secondary lesions after a traumatic brain injury; and therefore has opened a field of study in the search of possible biomolecular markers that allow us to establish a prognosis and prediction of mortality.
Endovascular Management of Direct Carotid–Cavernous Fistula: Evolution of Cost Effective Sandwich Technique
Authors: Prasad Surya N. , Singh Vivek , Boruah Deb K. , Phadke Rajendra V. , Sharma Kumudini , Kannaujia Vikas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective There is a direct fistulous connection between the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus in cases of direct carotid–cavernous fistula (CCF). Endovascular embolization is the mainstay of management in this condition. This study is about the evolution of endovascular treatment methods and the development of a cost-effective technique for embolization of direct CCF at a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of all the cases of direct type CCF embolized by endovascular techniques in our department from 2008 to 2018.Clinical follow-up of these patients was done at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months.

Results A total of 45 patients with 40 having a prior history of head trauma were included in this study. All cases were treated with a transarterial route except one which was treated with the transvenous approach. Detachable balloons were used in 12 (26.67%) patients, only detachable coils in 14 cases (31.11%), both detachable balloons and coils in 9 cases (20%), and both detachable and push coils, that is, sandwich technique in 8 cases (17.78%). Parent arterial occlusion was performed in 10 patients (22.22%). There was complete resolution of chemosis and bruit in all the patients.

Conclusion Endovascular treatment is the mainstay of management in direct CCF. Using more fibered thrombogenic coils in a sandwich manner decreases the cost of the treatment significantly.
Clinical and Affective Correlates of Cognitive Functioning in Complicated Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Belonging to Rural Areas
Authors: Chaurasiya Akanksha , Ranjan Jay Kumar , Pandey Nityanand , Asthana Hari Shanker 
Published: August 2020

AbstarctBackground/Objective Mild and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neglected field especially with reference to its association with cognitive, behavioral, and emotional sequelae. The present study aimed to investigate the association of affective symptoms and clinical factors with neurocognitive functioning in complicated mild and moderate TBI patients.Materials and Methods The sample comprised 39 complicated mild and moderate TBI patients with age range of 18 to 59 years. The study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The patients were assessed with the neurocognitive tests, Rivermead Post Concussion Symptom Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Statistical AnalysisPartial correlations and zero order correlations were used to test the relationships between variables.ResultsThe injury-related factors, namely level of consciousness and Glasgow Coma Scale were found to be associated with divided attention and memory dysfunction (p< 0.05), respectively. Anxiety was found to be associated with impairment on all domains of neurocognitive function (p< 0.05) except divided attention. Depressive symptoms were found to be correlated with all the neurocognitive functions (p< 0.05) except focused and divided attention, whereas head injury symptoms correlated with impairment on focused and divided attention (p< 0.05).ConclusionPresent study highlights the need to acknowledge affective symptoms along with clinical factors in the planning of the rehabilitation programs for such patients in rural scenario.
Neuronal spike-rate adaptation supports working memory in language processing
Authors: Fitz Hartmut , Uhlmann Marvin , van den Broek Dick , Duarte Renato , Hagoort Peter , Petersson Karl Magnus 
Published: August 2020

Significance
To understand an utterance, words have to be remembered and rapidly combined into an interpretation. How neurobiology supports this feat is currently unknown. One proposal that we investigate here is that information is stored and manipulated within single neurons. Depending on input history, neurons show different spike responses, and this adaptation constitutes a form of processing memory on short timescales. We implemented this approach as spike-rate adaptation that decreases neuronal excitability. Through computer simulations we show that this mechanism is suitable to establish meaning relations in sequential language processing. This account of working memory complements the more traditional views that information is stored in persistent spiking activity or short-lived synaptic changes.
Field experimental evidence shows that self-interest attracts more sunlight
Authors: Bollinger Bryan , Gillingham Kenneth T. , Ovaere Marten 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceThere is substantial policy-maker interest in assuring that the benefits from rooftop solar photovoltaic systems are shared by communities of all income groups. This study performs a field experiment leveraging a limited-time grassroots campaign to promote household adoption of solar to test the effectiveness of two messaging approaches motivated by previous empirical work. We find that self-interest messaging outperforms prosocial community-oriented messaging. The self-interest approach leads to higher-net present value systems, while the prosocial approach leads to greater peer recommendations and satisfaction with the installations, consistent with prosocial messaging leading to adoption by more community-oriented households. Income moderates the effectiveness of self-interest messaging, with high-income communities responding more than low- and moderate-income communities.