bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical note: Single-shell δ11B analysis of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi using femtosecond laser ablation MC-ICPMS and secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Raitzsch Markus , Rollion-Bard Claire , Horn Ingo , Steinhoefel Grit , Benthien Albert , Richter Klaus-Uwe , Buisson Matthieu , Louvat Pascale , Bijma Jelle 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The boron isotopic composition (δ11B) of benthic foraminifera provides a valuable
tool to reconstruct past deep-water pH. As the abundance of monospecific species might be limited
in sediments, microanalytical techniques can help to overcome this problem, but such studies on
benthic foraminiferal δ11B are sparse. In addition, microanalytics provide
information on the distribution of δ11B at high spatial resolution to increase
the knowledge of biomineralization processes, for example. For this study, we investigated the intra- and
inter-shell δ11B variability of the epibenthic species Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, which is widely used in paleoceanography, by secondary ion mass spectrometry
(SIMS) and femtosecond laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
(LA-MC-ICPMS). While the average δ11B values obtained from these different
techniques agree remarkably well with bulk solution values to within ±0.1 ‰, a
relatively large intra-shell variability was observed. Based on multiple measurements within
single shells, the SIMS and LA data suggest median variations of 4.8 ‰ and 1.3 ‰
(2σ), respectively, while the larger spread for SIMS is attributed to the smaller volume of
calcite being analyzed in each run. When analytical uncertainties and volume-dependent differences
in δ11B variations are taken into account for these methods, the intra-shell
variability is estimated to be on the order of ∼3 ‰ and ∼0.4 ‰
(2σ) on a ∼20 and 100 µm scale, respectively. In comparison, the
δ11B variability between shells exhibits a total range of ∼3 ‰ for
both techniques, suggesting that several shells need to be analyzed for accurate mean
δ11B values. Based on a simple resampling method, we conclude that ∼12
shells of C. wuellerstorfi must be analyzed using LA-MC-ICPMS to obtain an accurate
average value within ±0.5 ‰ (2σ) to resolve pH variations of ∼0.1. Based on our findings, we suggest preferring the conventional bulk solution MC-ICPMS over the
in situ methods for paleo-pH studies, for example. However, SIMS and LA provide powerful tools for
high-resolution paleoreconstructions, or for investigating ontogenetic trends in
δ11B.
Stem and soil nitrous oxide fluxes from rainforest and cacao agroforest on highly weathered soils in the Congo Basin
Authors: Iddris Najeeb Al-Amin , Corre Marife D. , Yemefack Martin , van Straaten Oliver , Veldkamp Edzo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Although tree stems act as conduits for greenhouse gases (GHGs)
produced in the soil, the magnitudes of tree contributions to total (soil + stem) nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from tropical rainforests on
heavily weathered soils remain unknown. Moreover, soil GHG fluxes are
largely understudied in African rainforests, and the effects of land-use
change on these gases are identified as an important research gap in the
global GHG budget. In this study, we quantified the changes in stem and soil
N2O fluxes with forest conversion to cacao agroforestry. Stem and soil
N2O fluxes were measured monthly for a year (2017–2018) in four
replicate plots per land use at three sites across central and southern
Cameroon. Tree stems consistently emitted N2O throughout the
measurement period and were positively correlated with soil N2O
fluxes. 15N-isotope tracing from soil mineral N to stem-emitted
15N2O and correlations between temporal patterns of stem
N2O emissions, soil–air N2O concentration, soil N2O
emissions and vapour pressure deficit suggest that N2O emitted by the
stems originated predominantly from N2O produced in the soil. Forest
conversion to extensively managed, mature (>20 years old) cacao
agroforestry had no effect on stem and soil N2O fluxes. The annual
total N2O emissions were 1.55 ± 0.20 kg N ha−1 yr−1
from the forest and 1.15 ± 0.10 kg N ha−1 yr−1 from cacao
agroforestry, with tree N2O emissions contributing 11 % to 38 % for
forests and 8 % to 15 % for cacao agroforestry. These substantial
contributions of tree stems to total N2O emissions highlight the
importance of including tree-mediated fluxes in ecosystem GHG budgets.
Taking into account that our study sites' biophysical characteristics
represented two-thirds of the humid rainforests in the Congo Basin, we
estimated a total N2O source strength for this region of 0.18 ± 0.05 Tg N2O-N yr−1.
Traceable measurements of harmonic (2 to 150) kHz emissions in smart grids: uncertainty calculation
Authors: Istrate Daniela , Amaripadath Deepak , Toutain Etienne , Roche Robin , Gao Fei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The necessity of measuring harmonic emissions between 2 and 150 kHz is outlined by several standard committees and electrical utilities. This paper presents a measurement system and its traceable characterization designed to acquire and analyse voltages up to 230 V and currents up to 100 A with harmonics up to 150 kHz that may occur in smart grids. The uncertainty estimation is carried out and described in detail for both the fundamental and supraharmonics components. From a metrological point of view, ensuring the traceability of current measurements for frequencies higher than 100 kHz and dealing with the complexity of uncertainty determination are bottlenecks related to supraharmonics measurements that this paper proposes an approach to deal with.
Uncertainty quantification of tsunami inundation in Kuroshio, Kochi Prefecture, Japan, using the Nankai–Tonankai megathrust rupture scenarios
Authors: Goda Katsuichiro , Yasuda Tomohiro , Mori Nobuhito , Muhammad Ario , De Risi Raffaele , De Luca Flavia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Nankai–Tonankai megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis pose significant risks to coastal communities in western and central Japan. Historically, this seismic region hosted many major earthquakes, and the current national tsunami hazard assessments in Japan consider megathrust events as those having moment magnitudes between 9.0 and 9.1. In responding to the lack of rigorous uncertainty analysis, this study presents an extensive tsunami hazard assessment for the Nankai–Tonankai Trough events, focusing on the southwestern Pacific region of Japan. A set of 1000 kinematic earthquake rupture models is generated via stochastic source modelling approaches, and Monte Carlo tsunami simulations are carried out by considering high-resolution grid data of 10 m and coastal defence structures. Significant advantages of the stochastic tsunami simulation methods include the enhanced capabilities to quantify the uncertainty associated with tsunami hazard assessments and to effectively visualize the results in an integrated manner. The results from the stochastic tsunami simulations can inform regional and local tsunami risk reduction actions in light of inevitable uncertainty associated with such tsunami hazard assessments and complement conventional deterministic tsunami scenarios and their hazard predictions, such as those developed by the Central Disaster Management Council of the Japanese Cabinet Office.
A VIOLAÇÃO AO DIREITO À SAÚDE REPRODUTIVA ATRAVÉS DA INSTRUMENTALIZAÇÃO DO CORPO DA MULHER:O CASO JANAÍNA APARECIDA QUIRINO E A ESTERILIZAÇÃO FEMININA NO BRASIL
Authors: Nielsson Joice Graciele , Sturza Janaína Machado , Andrade Estela Parussolo de 
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o fenômeno da esterilização eugênica e racista de mulheres no Brasil, a partir do caso Janaína Aparecida Quirino. Neste contexto, evidencia-se os contornos de um controle e instrumentalização da capacidade reprodutiva dos corpos femininos capazes de permitir formas concretas de violação ao direito à saúde reprodutiva, mesmo que este direito permaneça solenemente declarado em textos normativos. Para tanto, inicialmente analisa-se a violência perpetrada em face de Janaína a partir de todo um contexto histórico, passando pela legislação nacional que rege o tema, bem como sua análise a partir dos documentos internacionais. Em um segundo momento, aponta como o direito ao planejamento familiar tem sido violentamente retirado de mulheres consideradas fora dos padrões aceitos pela sociedade, a fim de que não venham a produzir vidas indesejadas, mostrando a violação da dignidade humana destas vidas. O artigo foi perspectivado a partir da hermenêutica fenomenológica, seguindo o método hipotético dedutivo, através de uma construção bibliográfica. Verificou-se que a violação ao acesso à saúde reprodutiva, demonstrado especialmente pela esterilização de mulheres negras e pobres, representa uma possibilidade para o controle da população de menor potencial econômico – são eles os os responsáveis pelo (sub)desenvolvimento do país, e por este motivo justifica-se negar-lhes um dos mais importantes direitos de todo e qualquer ser: a dignidade da pessoa humana.
Avaliação qualitativa das técnicas de natação
Authors: Vidal Jéssica , Novaes Renato Cavalcanti , Telles Silvio 
Published: November 2020

O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é identificar os métodos de avaliação para a aprendizagem da natação que são utilizados/propostos na literatura. Foram avaliados estudos nas bases Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs. Quinze estudos foram selecionados e os resultados indicam que: os instrumentos avaliativos adotados atendem satisfatoriamente os critérios de validade científica; as amostras utilizadas são predominantemente de crianças; os estudos dão preferência aos questinários tipo checagem e à utilização de vídeos; os itens são demasiadamente longos para aplicação prática; a relação tempo/fadiga é desconsiderada na descrição. No final, realizamos sugestões para futuras pesquisas e para a avaliação da natação.
Turbulent Flow Fluid in the Hydrodynamic Plain Bearing to a Non-Textured and Textured Surface
Authors: Nadia Bendaoud , Kadda Mehala 
Published: November 2020

Hydrodynamic bearing are components that provide the guiding in rotation of rotating machines, such as turbines, the reactors. This equipment works under very severe operating conditions: high rotational speed and high radial load. In order to improve the hydrodynamic performance of these rotating machines, the industrialists specialized in the manufacture of hydrodynamic journal bearings, have designed a bearing model with its textured interior surface. The present work is a numerical analysis, carried out to observe the effect of a turbulent fluid flow in a non-textured and textured plain bearing and to thus to see the improvement of the hydrodynamic and tribological performances to a non- textured and textured surface of the plain bearing, under severe operating parameters. The rotational velocity varies from 11,000 to 21,000 rpm and radial load ranging from 2000 N to 9000 N. The numerical analysis is performed by solving the continuity equation of Navier-Stocks, using the finite volume method. The numerical results show that the most important hydrodynamic characteristics such as pressure, flow velocity of the fluid, friction torque, are significant for the textured plain bearing under rotational velocity of 21,000 rpm and radial load 10,000 N compared to obtained for a non-textured plain bearing.
Analysis of Energy Transfer among Stokes Components in Raman Fiber Lasers
Authors: de la Cruz-May Lelio , Mejía Beltrán Efraín , Benavides Olena , Sanchez Lara Rafael 
Published: November 2020

This work presents a methodology to estimate the pumping power required for the first Stokes to reach its maximum stored energy level, before it generates the next Stokes. These estimates are achieved by experimentally measuring the critical power and the relationship between the pumping power (PP0) and the small signal of the stimulated Raman spread (PF0). For our study we used 1 km of 1060-XP fiber, experimentally obtaining Pcr = 6.693 W, PF0/PP0 = 6.759x10−6. With these experimental data, the pump power required for the first Stokes to reach its maximum stored energy level was 13.39 W, and the stored energy in the first Stokes was 9.88 W. It is important to note that the Raman threshold ln(PP0/PF0) = 11.9 is smaller than the initially reported ∼16.
Assessment of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Incidences with Causes, Mortality and Morbidity in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Baloch Kanwal , Mugheri Delijan , Soomro Abdul Majeed , Bhatti Wasim Sarwar , Khan Muhammad , Wassan Shafi Muhammad , Usman Shumaila , Nisar Uzair , Malhani Waseem Abbas , Baloch Nadeem , Mangi Altaf Ali , Lashari Saika , Arbani Rashid Ali , Alolyan Sultan Othman , Arain Shumaila Parveen , Alshahrani Sultan M 
Published: November 2020

Background: The objective of this study conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital Larkana was to check the prevalence of respiratory distress in neonates and their morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory distress.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of neonates with the respiratory distress syndrome during the period of one year was evaluated. The prevalence, risk factors related with respiratory distress syndrome were compared on the basis of neonatal and maternal factors.
Results: The Majority of respiratory distress in our study, were due to Transient Tachypnea of newborn (TTN) 29.8%, RDS 22.1%, birth asphyxia 17%, and Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) 15.7%. Overall outcome of Neonatal Respiratory Distress was cure rate in 65.4%, Neonatal mortality rate 26.84% with highest mortality due to RDS and Sepsis and the morbidity rate is 7.7%. Conclusion: The TTN was the most common cause of respiratory distress in neonates. Mortality rate was 26.84% and was highest among the neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.
Engineering Silk Fibroin‐Based Nerve Conduit with Neurotrophic Factors for Proximal Protection after Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Carvalho Cristiana R. , Chang Wei , Silva‐Correia Joana , Reis Rui L. , Oliveira Joaquim M. , Kohn Joachim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArtificial nerve conduits capable of adequately releasing neurotrophic factors are extensively studied to bridge nerve defects. However, the lack of neurotrophic factors in the proximal area and their visible effects in axonal retrograde transport following nerve injury is one of the factors causing an incomplete nerve regeneration. Herein, an advanced conduit made of silk fibroin is produced, which can incorporate growth factors and promote an effective regeneration after injury. For that, enzymatically crosslinked silk fibroin‐based conduits are developed to be used as a platform for the controlled delivery of neurotrophic factors. Nerve growth factor and glial‐cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are incorporated using two different methodologies: i) crosslinking and ii) absorption method. The release profile is measured by ELISA technique. The bioactivity of the neurotrophic factors is evaluated in vitro by using primary dorsal root ganglia. When implanted in a 10 mm sciatic nerve defect in rats, GDNF‐loaded silk fibroin conduits reveal retrograde neuroprotection as compared to autografts and plain silk fibroin conduit. Therefore, the novel design presents a substantial improvement of retrograde trafficking, neurons’ protection, and motor nerve reinnervation.
Copper Dimer Anchored in g‐CN Monolayer as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction Reaction: A Computational Study
Authors: Wang Cong , Zhu Changyan , Zhang Min , Geng Yun , Su Zhongmin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElectrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) into value‐added energy carriers is of utmost importance due to rising emissions of CO2 and depleting energy resource. The search and design of effective, stable, and low‐cost electrocatalysts are crucial but face huge challenges. Here, the potential of copper dimer anchored in g‐CN (Cu2@CN) monolayer as electrocatalyst for CO2RR is systematically evaluated by means of density functional theory calculations. The computational results indicate that the Cu2@CN monolayer possesses superior catalytic activity for the conversion of CO2 to HCOOH and C2H4 with low limiting potential (−0.16 and −0.52 V, respectively), outperforming the corresponding single‐atom counterpart (Cu@CN). Considering the myriad of unexplored dimers anchored in/on g‐CN monolayer and their potential catalytic applications, this work provides a useful guidance for future studies.
2D Materials and Heterostructures at Extreme Pressure
Authors: Zhang Linglong , Tang Yilin , Khan Ahmed Raza , Hasan Md Mehedi , Wang Ping , Yan Han , Yildirim Tanju , Torres Juan Felipe , Neupane Guru Prakash , Zhang Yupeng , Li Quan , Lu Yuerui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract2D materials possess wide‐tuning properties ranging from semiconducting and metallization to superconducting, etc., which are determined by their structure, empowering them to be appealing in optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. Pressure is an effective and clean tool that allows modifications of the electronic structure, crystal structure, morphologies, and compositions of 2D materials through van der Waals (vdW) interaction engineering. This enables an insightful understanding of the variable vdW interaction induced structural changes, structure–property relations as well as contributes to the versatile implications of 2D materials. Here, the recent progress of high‐pressure research toward 2D materials and heterostructures, involving graphene, boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, 2D perovskites, black phosphorene, MXene, and covalent–organic frameworks, using diamond anvil cell is summarized. A detailed analysis of pressurized structure, phonon dynamics, superconducting, metallization, doping together with optical property is performed. Further, the pressure‐induced optimized properties and potential applications as well as the vision of engineering the vdW interactions in heterostructures are highlighted. Finally, conclusions and outlook are presented on the way forward.
Determinants affecting medication adherence in the elderly: A qualitative study
Authors: Bastani Peivand , Bikineh Parisa , Ravangard Ramin , Rezaee Rita , Kavosi Zahra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveDue to high rates of irrational use of medicines and low rates of medication adherence among older Iranian patients, this study aimed to explore the determinants of medication adherence in the elderly.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in 2019 via 20 semi‐structured interviews with a purposeful sample of elderly people and health‐care personnel. Transcript data were analyzed applying thematic analysis. MAXQDA10 was used for thematic analysis and presenting a thematic map.ResultsTwo main themes appeared as the main determinants of medication adherence: individual determinants and external determinants. Other results show that there were six sub‐themes and 23 main categories in this regard. The sub‐themes were as follows: consumption disorder, consumption acceptance, delinquency, forgetfulness, sociocultural factors, and others’ impacts.ConclusionsDifferent individual and external factors can affect elderly people’s medication adherence. Considering the significance of this issue for the health of elderly people and the whole community, positive changes are needed to manage the medication‐adherence process. Basic and scientific planning, appropriate interventions, and comprehensive collaboration among all health‐system levels are required for implementing such changes.
Nondestructive estimation of leaf area for 15 species of vines with different leaf shapes
Authors: Yu Xiaojing , Shi Peijian , Schrader Julian , Niklas Karl J. 
Published: November 2020

PremiseThe nondestructive measurement of leaf area is important for expediting data acquisition in the field. The Montgomery equation (ME) assumes that leaf area (A) is a proportional function of the product of leaf length (L) and width (W), i.e., A = cLW, where c is called the Montgomery parameter. The ME has been successfully applied to calculate the surface area of many broad‐leaved species with simple leaf shapes. However, whether this equation is valid for more complex leaf shapes has not been verified.MethodsLeaf A, L, and W were measured directly for each of 5601 leaves of 15 vine species, and ME and three other models were used to fit the data. All four models were compared based on their root mean square errors (RMSEs) to determine whether ME provided the best fit.ResultsThe ME was a reliable method for estimating the A of all 15 species. In addition, the numerical values of 13 of the 15 values of c fell within a previously predicted numerical range (i.e., between 1/2 and π/4). The data show that the numerical values of c are largely affected by the value of W/L, the concavity of the leaf base, and the number of lobes on the lamina.ConclusionsThe Montgomery parameter can reflect the influence of leaf shape on leaf‐area calculations and can serve as an important tool for nondestructive measurements of leaf area for many broad‐leaved species and for the investigation of leaf morphology.
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) World Impact Survey (iWISh): Patient and physician perceptions of diagnosis, signs and symptoms, and treatment
Authors: Cooper Nichola , Kruse Alexandra , Kruse Caroline , Watson Shirley , Morgan Mervyn , Provan Drew , Ghanima Waleed , Arnold Donald M. , Tomiyama Yoshiaki , Santoro Cristina , Michel Marc , Laborde Serge , Lovrencic Barbara , Hou Ming , Bailey Tom , Taylor‐Stokes Gavin , Haenig Jens , Bussel James B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is now well‐known to reduce patients' health‐related quality of life. However, data describing which signs and symptoms patients and physicians perceive as having the greatest impact are limited, as is understanding the full effects of ITP treatments. I‐WISh (ITP World Impact Survey) was an exploratory, cross‐sectional survey designed to establish the multifaceted impact of ITP, and its treatments, on patients' lives. It focused on perceptions of 1507 patients and 472 physicians from 13 countries regarding diagnostic pathway, frequency and severity of signs and symptoms, and treatment use. Twenty‐two percent of patients experienced delayed diagnosis (caused by several factors), 73% of whom felt anxious as a result. Patients rated fatigue among the most frequent, severe symptom associated with ITP at diagnosis (58% most frequent; 73% most severe), although physicians assigned it lower priority (30%). Fatigue was one of the few symptoms persisting at survey completion (50% and 65%, respectively) and was the top symptom patients wanted resolved (46%). Participating physicians were experienced at treating ITP, thereby recognizing the need to limit corticosteroid use to newly‐diagnosed or first‐relapse patients and espoused increased use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists and anti‐CD20 after relapse in patients with persistent/chronic disease. Patient and physicians were largely aligned on diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment use. I‐WISh demonstrated that patients and physicians largely align on overall ITP symptom burden, with certain differences, for example, fatigue. Understanding the emotional and clinical toll of ITP on the patient will facilitate shared decision‐management, setting and establishment of treatment goals and disease stage‐appropriate treatment selection.