bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The majority of people with type 1 diabetes and multiple daily insulin injections benefit from using continuous glucose monitoring: An analysis based on the GOLD randomized trial (GOLD‐5)
Authors: Ólafsdóttir Arndís F. , Bolinder Jan , Heise Tim , Polonsky William , Ekelund Magnus , Wijkman Magnus , Pivodic Aldina , Ahlén Elsa , Schwarcz Erik , Nyström Thomas , Hellman Jarl , Hirsch Irl B. , Lind Marcus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo identify responders to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in relation to reductions in HbA1c and percentage of time spent in hypoglycaemia after initiation of CGM for individuals with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections.Materials and MethodsWe analysed data from 142 participants in the GOLD randomized clinical trial. We evaluated how many lowered their HbA1c by more than 0.4% (>4.7 mmol/mol) or decreased the time spent in hypoglycaemia over 24 hours by more than 20 or 30 minutes, and which baseline variables were associated with those improvements.ResultsLower reduction of HbA1c was associated with greater reduction of hypoglycaemia (r = −0.52; P < .0001). During CGM, 47% of participants lowered their HbA1c values by more than 0.4% (>4.7 mmol/mol) than with self‐measurement of blood glucose, and 47% decreased the time spent in hypoglycaemia by more than 20 minutes over 24 hours. Overall, 78% either reduced their HbA1c by more than 0.4% (>4.7 mmol/mol) or the time spent in hypoglycaemia by more than 20 minutes over 24 hours, but only 14% improved both. Higher HbA1c, a lower percentage of time at less than 3.0 or 3.9 mmol/L, a lower coefficient of variation (CV) and a higher percentage of time above 13.9 mmol/L (P = .016) were associated with greater HbA1c reduction during CGM. The variables associated with a greater reduction of time in hypoglycaemia were female sex, greater time with glucose levels at less than 3.0 mmol/L, higher CV, and higher hypoglycaemia confidence as evaluated by a hypoglycaemic confidence questionnaire.ConclusionThe majority of people with type 1 diabetes managed by multiple daily insulin injections benefit from CGM; some experienced reduced HbA1c while others reduced the time spent in hypoglycaemia. These factors need to be considered by healthcare professionals and decision‐makers for reimbursement and diabetes guidelines.
Clinical sequencing yield in epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Stefanski Arthur , Calle‐López Yamile , Leu Costin , Pérez‐Palma Eduardo , Pestana‐Knight Elia , Lal Dennis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveClinical genetic sequencing is frequently utilized to diagnose individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Here we perform a meta‐analysis and systematic review of the success rate (diagnostic yield) of clinical sequencing through next‐generation sequencing (NGS) across NDDs. We compare the genetic testing yield across NDD subtypes and sequencing technology.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the PubMed literature until May 2020. We included clinical sequencing studies that utilized NGS in individuals with epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or intellectual disability (ID). Data were extracted, reviewed, and categorized according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two investigators performed clinical evaluation and grouping following the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) guidelines. Pooled rates of the diagnostic yield and 95% confidence intervals were estimated with a random‐effects model.ResultsWe identified 103 studies (epilepsy, N = 72; ASD, N = 14; ID, N = 21) across 32,331 individuals. Targeted gene panel sequencing was used in 73, and exome sequencing in 36 cohorts. Given highly selected patient cohorts, the diagnostic yield was 17.1% for ASD, 24% for epilepsy, and 28.2% for ID (23.7% overall). The highest diagnostic yield for epilepsy subtypes was observed in individuals with ID (27.9%) and early onset seizures (36.8%). The diagnostic yield for exome sequencing was higher than for panel sequencing, even though not statistically significant (27.2% vs 22.6%, P = .071). We observed that clinical sequencing studies are performed predominantly in countries with a high Inequality‐adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) (countries with sequencing studies: IHDI median = 0.84, interquartile range [IQR] = 0.09 vs countries without sequencing studies: IHDI median = 0.56, IQR = 0.3). No studies from Africa, India, or Latin America were identified, indicating potential barriers to genetic testing.SignificanceThis meta‐analysis and systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of clinical sequencing studies of NDDs and will help guide policymaking and steer decision‐making in patient management.
Great tits (Parus major) adequately respond to both allopatric combinatorial mobbing calls and their isolated parts
Authors: Salis Ambre , Léna Jean‐Paul , Lengagne Thierry 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhen mobbing a predator, birds often produce specific mobbing calls that are efficient in recruiting both conspecifics and heterospecifics. Recent studies on Parids have demonstrated that these mobbing calls are in fact a combination of two distinct calls—first, introductory notes eliciting vigilance in the receiver, then broadband frequency notes (D notes) triggering approach. Debates on a parallel between human syntax and this form of combination have emerged. The degree to which this combinatoriality is perceived in heterospecific communication may shed light onto the relative complexity of such combinatoriality. In this study, our aim was to determine whether European great tits (Parus major) appropriately responded to mobbing calls (and their isolated parts) of an allopatric species, the black‐capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), a North‐American species which produces similar combinatorial mobbing calls. In addition, we tested whether the behavioural response to complete mobbing sequences was different than the simple sum of its two constituents. As we hypothesized, great tits behaved differently when hearing the two isolated calls or the complete mobbing sequence: they produced calls and displayed excitement signs only towards the complete mobbing sequence. Moreover, great tits responded to the introductory and D notes by respectively scanning and approaching, and to the complete sequence by mobbing. Our results altogether support the emerging hypothesis of semantic compositionality in Parids, although the present study does not definitively demonstrate the existence of this cognitive process in the great tit.
Latitudinal variation in plant defence against herbivory in a marine foundation species does not follow a linear pattern: The importance of resource availability
Authors: Hernán Gema , Ortega María J. , Henderson Jeremy , Alós Josep , Boyer Katharyn , Cimon Stephanie , Combes Vincent , Cusson Mathieu , Hereu Clara M. , Hessing‐Lewis Margot , Hovel Kevin , Jorgensen Pablo , Kiriakopolos Stephanie , Kollars Nicole , O´Connor Mary I. , Olsen Jeanine , Reynolds Pamela L. , Ruesink Jennifer , Voigt Erin , Tomas Fiona 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimStudies on latitudinal patterns in plant defence have traditionally overlooked the potential effect that resource availability may have in shaping plant defence. Likewise, latitudinal patterns of tolerance traits have rarely been studied, yet they can be a critical component of plant defence. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine latitudinal variation in the production of tolerance and resistance traits against herbivory along a latitudinal range and a natural gradient of resource availability from upwelling conditions.LocationNorth America (Canada, USA, Mexico).Time periodSummer months of 2015.Major taxa usedThe seagrass Zostera marina.MethodsWe conducted experiments simulating macroherbivore (e.g., bird, fish) damage on the seagrass Z. marina at 10 sites across the Eastern Pacific coast (Canada–Mexico) and Quebec and analysed several traits related to resistance and tolerance strategies against herbivory. In addition, we examined the effects of potential seagrass changes in defence strategies by performing a series of feeding experiments with mesoherbivores in a subset of sites.ResultsWe found that eelgrass resistance defences did not follow a linear latitudinal pattern but rather followed a bell‐shaped curve which correlated with bottom‐up control. In sites with higher nutrient availability, plants allocated resources to tolerance strategies and had lower resistance traits. Furthermore, seagrasses did not respond linearly to increased herbivory pressure; while they tolerated moderate levels of herbivory, they underwent a significant reduction in tolerance and resistance under high herbivory levels, which also made them more susceptible to consumers in feeding experiments.Main conclusionsOur results highlight the importance that nutrient availability has in shaping latitudinal patterns of plant defence against herbivory and show how these defences may not respond linearly to increased herbivory pressure in seagrasses.
The gender gap in wages over the life course: Evidence from a British cohort born in 1958
Authors: Joshi Heather , Bryson Alexander , Wilkinson David , Ward Kelly 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe trace the gender wage gap (GWG) though a mid‐life peak for a cohort born in Britain in 1958 (National Child Development Study) to quantify their life‐course experience of equal and unequal opportunities. Taking hourly pay of full‐timers and part‐timers together, an initial gap between men and women widened substantially during childrearing years. Much, but not all, of the GWG is attributable to divergent work experience, especially in mid‐life. Education‐related differences are minor. Family formation primarily affects the GWG through gender differences in work experience. Family composition is similar for male and female workers, but it attracts opposite wage premia. The GWG, however, is not only linked to family formation. There is a sizeable GWG on labor market entry and there are some otherwise unexplained gaps between the pay of men and women who had not (and did not) become parents, belying the notion that unequal wage treatment is confined to parents.
Client care strategies, stressors, and solutions in frontline anti‐trafficking work
Authors: Schwarz Corinne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnti‐human trafficking efforts are increasingly folded into normative frontline work sectors. Service providers must expand their understanding of clients to include the needs of exploited or trafficked persons, even though they may not receive a commensurate increase in training or resources to accommodate these new cases. Using semi‐structured interviews with 54 service providers in the US Midwest, this paper argues that frontline workers move beyond “traditional” emotional labor to labor inflected with forms of crisis, dirty, edge, or extreme work when confronted with trafficking. The specific needs of trafficked clients require the utilization of normatively gendered client care practices: listening, empathizing, performing appropriate responses to clients' emotional displays. However, new or compounding stressors may emerge alongside these new service populations. In order to ethically provide services without risking increased burnout, street‐level bureaucracies must invest in resources for frontline workers to invest in their own emotional well‐being.
High levels of copper retard the growth ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeby altering cellular morphology and reducing its potential for ethanolic fermentation
Authors: Wang Lihua , Wang Ronghua , Zhan Jicheng , Huang Weidong 
Published: November 2020

SummaryPrevious research has shown that high levels of Cu2+inhibit the growth of yeast and induce sluggish fermentation, resulting in a decrease in alcohol production. Little data are available on the effects of copper on the cell morphology, especially the surface elasticity ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. This work investigated the effects of Cu2+(0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) on the growth, surface characteristics and elasticity of two strains ofS. cerevisiaein a low sugar model synthetic medium. The results indicated that high levels of Cu2+retarded the growth rate ofS. cerevisiaeand reduced the utilisation of reducing sugars. Cells showed intercellular adhesion, became small and deformed, and the surface was uneven and rough after the adsorption of Cu2+. The Young's modulus also decreased with an increase in the concentration of Cu2+, indicating that the cells had softened. This study reveals the response mechanism ofS. cerevisiaeunder copper stress by altering cellular morphology and mechanical properties.
Not only for work: Italian migrants in the Athens area
Authors: Maddaloni Domenico , Moffa Grazia 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAccording to the official Italian administrative data, the community of Italians living in Athens went on growing over the years, including the last decade. What are the drivers of Italian immigration in a less‐developed country than Italy, a country which recently has also experienced a more serious crisis than the Italian one? To answer this question, we followed a research strategy based on in‐depth interviews to Italians living in the Athens area. After reviewing the features of the Italian community and those of the group of interviewees, we focus on the respondents who found a job in Athens, both as independent workers and as employees. Our results show that a great number of drivers are at work in producing a migration flow from Italy to Greece. They support the idea that contemporary international migration (more specifically, intra‐European migration) cannot be fully understood by relying exclusively on an economic approach.
The ankle–brachial index and risk of incident stroke in Chinese hypertensive population without atrial fibrillation: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shi Yumeng , Hu Lihua , Li Minghui , Ding Congcong , Zhou Wei , Wang Tao , Zhu Lingjuan , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the relation of the ankle–brachial index (ABI) with the prevalence of stroke and to examine any possible effect modifiers among hypertensive patients without atrial fibrillation. A total of 10 750 subjects with hypertension aged 27‐96 years were included in the current study. The outcome was a stroke. Odds ratios of stroke concerning ABI were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models. Among 10 750 hypertensive participants, 690 (6.42%) had a stroke. Multivariate logistic analyses showed that ABI was negatively correlated with the prevalence of stroke (per SD increment; adjusted OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82‐0.94). Compared with participants in Q 1, the odds ratios (95% CI) for those in the Q2 (1.05 to 1.10), Q3 (1.10 to 1.15), and Q4 (≥1.15) were 0.71 (0.56, 0.90), 0.87 (0.70, 1.08), and 0.81 (0.65, 1.01), respectively. However, compared with higher ABI value, lower ABI value (<1.05) would significantly increase the odds of stroke (OR: 1.26, 95% CI [1.05‐1.50]), especially in the elderly over 65 years old. A generalized additive model and a smooth curve fitting showed that there existed an L‐shaped association between ABI and the prevalence of stroke. Our results suggest that an L‐shaped association between ABI and the prevalence of stroke was found in general hypertensive patients, with a turning point at about 1.05. Compared with higher ABI value, lower ABI value (<1.05) would significantly increase the prevalence of stroke (OR: 1.26, 95% CI [1.05‐1.50]), especially in the elderly over 65 years old.
The Generation of the Coup: Honduran Youth at Risk and of Risk
Authors: Frank‐Vitale Amelia , Martínez d'Aubuisson Juan José 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, we show how generation as a category is an important analytic for understanding social and political dynamics in Honduras. We argue that coming of age in the post‐coup d’état era in Honduras has shaped young Honduran's sense of their own life chances, what they can expect from society and government, and what kinds of possibilities they imagine for their futures. Drawing from ethnography conducted in Honduras and with Hondurans during the 2018 and 2019 migrant caravans, we show how the category of youth is a potential source of risk for the regime in Honduras and, simultaneously, it puts those who are in it at risk. The article concludes with reflections on the legal limitations of generation as category and the lethal consequences of this limitation.
pycotem: An open source toolbox for online crystal defect characterization from TEM imaging and diffraction
Authors: Mompiou Frédéric , Xie Rui‐Xun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a series of tools working together that facilitate the determination of dislocation Burgers vectors and slip planes, interface plane normals and misorientation between two crystals from a series of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) micrographs and diffraction patterns. To that purpose, we developed graphical user interface programs that allow crystal orientation determination from spot diffraction patterns taken at various tilt angles or from Kikuchi patterns crystal representation from stereographic projection plots and determination of geometrical features from series of conventional images taken at different tilt angles. We present working examples that allow a faster and easier way to analyse data that can especially be retrieved during in situ straining experiments where dislocations and grain boundaries need to be characterized. More generally, these tools target material scientists interested in daily microstructural characterization in TEM.
Are Nurses Homophobic? A Survey Study in Public Hospitals in Turkey
Authors: Çakır Hanife , Harmancı Seren Arzu Kader 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeStudies conducted with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people in Turkey have found that such people experience social isolation, neglect, insufficient healthcare services, and disrespect. However, no study has been reported related to clinicians' approaches and attitudes towards them. This study aimed to determine the attitudes of nurses towards homosexual individuals and the factors associated with the homophobia levels of nurses.DesignThis was a descriptive, cross‐sectional survey study.MethodsThe study was conducted with 449 participants in four hospitals. Nurses who had been working for at least 1 year in the hospitals were included in the sample of the study. The data were collected by using a two‐part survey form. The first part was an information form regarding the participants’ socio‐demographic and professional characteristics, and the second part was the Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia Scale. The data were analyzed using numbers, percentages, means, Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency analysis, parametric tests (t test and analysis of variance), nonparametric tests (Mann‐Whitney U and Kruskal‐Wallis) and multiple linear regression.FindingsThe study found that most of the Turkish nurses were not professionally homophobic. However, their personal homophobia scores were high. Their attitudes towards homosexuals varied by factors such as education level, acquaintance with LGBTI people, level of acquaintance, and locations of the hospitals.ConclusionsNurses who work in public hospitals stated that they would provide care for LGBTI people. However, their Homophobia Scale scores were over the mid‐point. Subjects related to the health needs of LGBTI people should be included in the curricula of nursing departments and in in‐service training at health service institutions.Clinical RelevanceLGBTI individuals have complained about the reaching out health care services and negative attitudes of health care professionals towards them. Findings of this study provides important data to understand the homophobia level and reasons of nurses to develop in‐service education and training programs for coping and changing their negative attitudes.
Can placental elasticity predict the time of delivery in cases of threatened preterm labor?
Authors: Tolunay Harun Egemen , Eroğlu Hasan , Çelik Özge Yücel , Arat Özgür , Obut Mehmet , Varlı Erol Nadi , Şahin Dilek , Yücel Aykan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to evaluate placental elasticity for the short‐time prediction of delivery in cases of threatened preterm labor (TPL).MethodsWe performed a prospective study with consented pregnant women diagnosed with TPL (24th to 34th gestational week). According to the birth time, the patients were grouped into two groups, whether the delivery happened in the following first week or not. We compared the placental strain ratio (PSR) values between these two groups.ResultsA total of 108 pregnant women divided into two groups according to the delivery time were enrolled in our study. The pregnant women who had a delivery in 1 week after hospitalization have increased PSR values when compared to those who have not delivered within 1 week (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cervical length and PSR were significantly associated with delivery in 1 week after hospitalization. When the cervical length was entered as a covariate (control) variable, PSR was significantly associated with delivery time (B = 0.504, odds ratio: 1.655, 95% confidence interval: 1.339–2.045, P < 0.001). A PSR value of 4.04 had a sensitivity of 77.78% and a specificity of 87.04% in terms of short‐time prediction of the delivery time, in the receiver–operator curves analysis to determine the cut‐off point PSR value.ConclusionElastography may contribute to predict the delivery time in high‐risk pregnants with TPL.
Cash‐for‐Care Use and Union Dissolution in Finland
Authors: Morosow Kathrin , Jalovaara Marika , Härkönen Juho 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines how the receipt of the cash‐for‐care (CFC) benefit affects short‐ and long‐term risks of union dissolution.BackgroundSeveral theories predict that couples' gendered division of labor decreases their risk of separation, either due to increased partnership satisfaction or because it establishes economic dependency. Family policies such as the Finnish CFC benefit, which is paid if a young child does not attend public daycare, may encourage such a gendered division of labor, at least temporarily.MethodUsing Finnish register data, this study analyzes the first childbearing unions of 38,093 couples between 1987 and 2009. Discrete‐time event history analyses and fixed effects models for nonrepeated events are applied.ResultsThe results suggest a lower separation risk while the benefit is received as compared to couples who do not use it, but no effect in the long‐term. Fixed effects models that control for selection into CFC indicate postponement of separation until after take‐up. Higher‐income mothers show a stronger postponement effect, possibly due to greater income following leave.ConclusionCFC use, which signals a temporary gendered division of labor and losses in mothers' earnings, predicts a lower separation risk during receipt of the benefit, but not beyond.ImplicationsPolicies that affect the division of paid and unpaid labor at best only temporarily reduce dissolution risks.