bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rescuing stalled mammalian mitoribosomes – what can we learn from bacteria?
Authors: Ayyub Shreya Ahana , Gao Fei , Lightowlers Robert N. , Chrzanowska-Lightowlers Zofia M. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
In the canonical process of translation, newly completed proteins escape from the ribosome following cleavage of the ester bond that anchors the polypeptide to the P-site tRNA, after which the ribosome can be recycled to initiate a new round of translation. Not all protein synthesis runs to completion as various factors can impede the progression of ribosomes. Rescuing of stalled ribosomes in mammalian mitochondria, however, does not share the same mechanisms that many bacteria use. The classic method for rescuing bacterial ribosomes is trans-translation. The key components of this system are absent from mammalian mitochondria; however, four members of a translation termination factor family are present, with some evidence of homology to members of a bacterial back-up rescue system. To date, there is no definitive demonstration of any other member of this family functioning in mitoribosome rescue. Here, we provide an overview of the processes and key players of canonical translation termination in both bacteria and mammalian mitochondria, followed by a perspective of the bacterial systems used to rescue stalled ribosomes. We highlight any similarities or differences with the mitochondrial translation release factors, and suggest potential roles for these proteins in ribosome rescue in mammalian mitochondria.
Centriolar satellite biogenesis and function in vertebrate cells
Authors: Prosser Suzanna L. , Pelletier Laurence 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Centriolar satellites are non-membranous cytoplasmic granules that concentrate in the vicinity of the centrosome, the major microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) in animal cells. Originally assigned as conduits for the transport of proteins towards the centrosome and primary cilium, the complexity of satellites is starting to become apparent. Recent studies defined the satellite proteome and interactomes, placing hundreds of proteins from diverse pathways in association with satellites. In addition, studies on cells lacking satellites have revealed that the centrosome can assemble in their absence, whereas studies on acentriolar cells have demonstrated that satellite assembly is independent from an intact MTOC. A role for satellites in ciliogenesis is well established; however, their contribution to other cellular functions is poorly understood. In this Review, we discuss the developments in our understanding of centriolar satellite assembly and function, and why satellites are rapidly becoming established as governors of multiple cellular processes. We highlight the composition and biogenesis of satellites and what is known about the regulation of these aspects. Furthermore, we discuss the evolution from thinking of satellites as mere facilitators of protein trafficking to the centrosome to thinking of them being key regulators of protein localization and cellular proteostasis for a diverse set of pathways, making them of broader interest to fields beyond those focused on centrosomes and ciliogenesis.
Hybrid plasmonic grating slot waveguide with high field enhancement for an on-chip surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor
Authors: Li Shiyu , Xia Li , Yang Zhao , Zhou Minghui , Zhao Benyang , Li Wei 
Published: January 2020

We design and theoretically investigate a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor based on the hybrid plasmonic grating slot waveguide. The sensor is formed by combining a dielectric deep slot waveguide and a metallic grating slot waveguide. The proposed sensor exhibits a high field enhancement with a maximum enhancement factor of 7580.9 at the wavelength of 785 nm, revealing that the electric field in such hybrid plasmonic grating slot waveguide can be extremely strengthened. To better characterize the performance of the sensor in the SERS application, the total normalized volumetric enhancement factor (TNVEF) is proposed, which is determined by both the

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-approximation-based volumetric field enhancement and Raman scattered light collection efficiency. The TNVEF is utilized to characterize the influences of the structural parameters on the sensor and further optimize the sensing structure. Such on-chip SERS sensor can be integrated with a micro-laser and a micro-multiplexer on a photonic platform to realize an all-integrated on-chip SERS detection system.
Cord blood bilirubin, albumin, and bilirubin /albumin ratio for predicting subsequent neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Bhat Jehangir Allam , Sheikh Sajad Ahmad , Ara Roshan 
Published: January 2020

Background Early discharge of healthy term newborns after delivery has become a common practice, because of medical and social reasons, as well as economic constraints. Thus, the recognition, follow-up, and early treatment of jaundice has become more difficult as a result of early discharge from the hospital. Since the dreaded complication of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is kernicterus, an investigation which can predict the future onset of neonatal pathological jaundice is needed.
Objective To investigate the predictability of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by using cord blood bilirubin, albumin and bilirubin/albumin ratio.
Methods This study was conducted on 300 healthy newborns. Umbilical cord blood was used to measure albumin and bilirubin. All infants were regularly followed up to 5th day of life. Neonates were divided into two groups: group A was consisted of neonates who developed jaundice which was in physiological range, while group B was consisted of neonates who developed neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (requiring phototherapy or other modality of treatment). Babies suspected to have bilirubin level which cross physiological limit on any day after birth were subjected to serum bilirubin measurement. Infants whose serum bilirubin level measurement revealed bilirubin levels crossing physiological values were sent to nursery for phototherapy.
Results The incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was 11%. Statistically significant correlations between cord blood bilirubin, albumin, and bilirubin/albumin ratio to the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were observed. On ROC analysis, cut-off points to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia in newborn were cord blood bilirubin >3 mg/dL (sensitivity 60.61%, specificity 97.63%), albumin <2.4 mg/dL (sensitivity 78.79%, specificity 98.13%), cord blood bilirubin/albumin ratio >0.98 (sensitivity 78.79%, specificity 95.51%).
Conclusion Cord blood total bilirubin, albumin. and bilirubin/albumin ratio are excellent parameters to predict the occurrence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. However, cord blood albumin is better compared to cord blood bilirubin and bilirubin/albumin ratio.
Clinicopathologic and molecular profiles of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Dwianingsih Ery Kus , Insani Meydita Fuzia Putri , Pratiwi Linda , Widodo Irianiwati , Malueka Rusdy Ghazali 
Published: January 2020

Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are allelic X-linked recessive diseases caused by mutations in the dystrophin (DMD) gene. To our knowledge, molecular analysis to differentiate between DMD and BMD has never been performed in Indonesia.
Objective To elaborate the clinicopathologic and molecular profiles of DMD/BMD patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Methods Eighteen muscle biopsy specimens of patients clinically suspected to have DMD/BMD were collected. Possible associations of clinical manifestations, histopathological grading, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) results were analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify mutations in exon 52.
Results. Positive Gower’s sign and high serum creatine kinase (CK) were observed in most patients. The IHC of dystrophin in two female patients suggested that they were manifesting carriers. Of the 16 male patients, 12 showed negative IHC staining, indicating DMD, while 4 patients demonstrated weak expression of dystrophin, indicating BMD. There was a significant association between high CK level and IHC results (P=0.005), indicating higher CK level in DMD patients. Histopathological grading of muscle biopsy was significantly associated with diagnosis of DMD/BMD using IHC (P=0.01), showing more severe tissue damage in DMD patients. None of the subjects had the single exon 52 deletion.
Conclusion This is the first report of a clinicopathologic and molecular profile of DMD/BMD in an Indonesian population. Serum CK level and histopathological grading of muscle biopsy are useful in distinguishing DMD from BMD in settings where an IHC assay is not available.
Growth and developmental delay risk factors among under-five children in an inner-city slum area
Authors: Gunardi Hartono , Nugraheni Resyana P. , Yulman Annisa R. , Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko , Sekartini Rini , Medise Bernie E. , Wirahmadi Angga , Melina Elizabeth 
Published: January 2020

Background Growth and developmental delays are common among children under the age of five years (under-five children), especially in slum areas. Early detection and intervention may give better prognoses.
Objective To detect growth and developmental delays and related risk factors among under-five children living in an inner-city slum area of the Indonesian capital.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November 2018 in Tanah Tinggi, Johar Baru District, an inner-city slum area in Central Jakarta. Subjects were healthy children aged 3–60 months. Socioeconomic profile was obtained through questionnaires, anthropometric data through measurements, and developmental status through the Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan (KPSP) instrument. Development was considered to be delayed for KPSP scores <9. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test.
Results Of 211 subjects, prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting were 35.1%, 28.0%, and 20.9%, respectively, meanwhile low maternal education, and low family income were 57.9% and 75%. The prevalence of developmental delay was 10%, while suspected developmental delay was 26.1%. The prevalence increased from age 21 months and peaked at 36 months. Associated risk factors were low maternal education, low family income, underweight weight-for-age, stunted height-for-age, and microcephalic head circumference-for-age.
Conclusion Low education and low income were significant risk factors for growth and developmental delay.
Electrical Coupling of Heterotypic Ganglion Cells in the Mammalian Retina
Authors: Puller Christian , Duda Sabrina , Lotfi Elaheh , Arzhangnia Yousef , Block Christoph T. , Ahlers Malte T. , Greschner Martin 
Published: January 2020

Electrical coupling has been reported to occur only between homotypic retinal ganglion cells, in line with the concept of parallel processing in the early visual system. Here, however, we show reciprocal correlated firing between heterotypic ganglion cells in multielectrode array recordings during light stimulation in retinas of adult guinea pigs of either sex. Heterotypic coupling was further confirmed via tracer spread after intracellular injections of single cells with neurobiotin. Both electrically coupled cell types were sustained ON center ganglion cells but showed distinct light response properties and receptive field sizes. We identified one of the involved cell types as sustained ON α-ganglion cells. The presence of electrical coupling between heterotypic ganglion cells introduces a network motif in which the signals of distinct ganglion cell types are partially mixed at the output stage of the retina.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe visual information is split into parallel pathways, before it is sent to the brain via the output neurons of the retina, the ganglion cells. Ganglion cells can form electrical synapses between dendrites of neighboring cells in support of lateral information exchange. To date, ganglion-to-ganglion cell coupling is thought to occur only between cells of the same type. Here, however, we show that electrical coupling between different types of ganglion cells exists in the mammalian retina. We provide functional and anatomical evidence that two different types of ganglion cells share information via electrical coupling. This new network motif extends the impact of the heavily studied coding benefits of homotypic coupling to heterotypic coupling across parallel neuronal pathways.
Improving Students' Reading Comprehension of Report Text with KWL Strategy
Authors: Farha Nudiya Afiya , Rohani Rohani 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
This research was carried out to know the effectiveness of implementing KWL strategy to improve students’ reading comprehension of report text and to know whether there is a significant achievement difference between students who were taught with KWL strategy and those who were not. The instrument used was a multiple choice reading comprehension test. Seventy two eleventh graders of SMA Negeri 1 Bae Kudus were selected as the sample. They were divided equally into experimental and control group. The data collection involved pre-test, treatments, and post-test. The result of the implementation of KWL strategy in the experimental group improved the students’ participation, motivation, and interest during teaching and learning process. In addition, the results of pre-test and post-test showed that mean score of the experimental group had a higher increase from 74.58 to 90.97 than the control group (from 72.77 to 87.77). However, the Independent Sample Test showed there was no significant achievement difference between the students who were taught with KWL strategy and those who were not. (1.80) was higher than.
Keywords: Quasi-experimental; KWL strategy; reading comprehension; report text
Enhancing EFL Learners' Talk Through CL Facilitated TBL: Process
Authors: Asriyah Siti 
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to explain how cooperative learning facilitates task-based learning in enhancing EFL learners’ talk for eighth-grade students of SMPN 1 Magelang in the academic year 2018/2019. The researcher conducted the study based on Ellis (2003) and Kagan (1994) theories for explaining the process of teaching and learning activities using Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Cooperative Learning (CL) methods for enhancing EFL learners’ talk. This study used a qualitative case study methodology. The instruments used were observation sheet, interview guidelines, and document analysis. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that cooperative learning techniques that facilitated the task-based learning in learning activities can enhance the EFL learners’ self-confidence to talk in front of the class. Besides, task-based learning facilitated with cooperative learning techniques enhances students’ courage and creativity, it also makes them more active. The practice also made them more understand the materials. There are some suggestions. First, it will become a good alternative for the teacher to look up some interesting materials for the students as their guidance to enhance their speaking habits. The students are suggested to be accustomed to learning to speak using group and pair techniques because the technique can motivate them to have a speaking habit. Lastly, the next researcher needs to conduct further research related to other techniques in helping the students to improve their talk.
Keywords: Task-based Learning, Cooperative Learning, enhance, EFL learners’ talk
Pemaknaan Saksi dan Keterangan Saksi dalam Teks Hukum
Authors: Sayogie Frans 
Published: January 2020

Abstract Meanings of words and phrases in legal text often lead a debate in the legal sphere. The ambiguity of the legal text would lead to uncertainty, injustice and inexpediency of law, because law is tied to language that basically always will give the interpretation of a written text of law. As a result of not fulfilled the terms of the law in the form of a written text of law like clarity, unambiguity, conciseness, and inclusion, meanings of words and phrases in legal text often, in this case, are often reviewed in The Constitutional Court of Republic of Indonesia. The Constitutional Court of Republic of Indonesia’s Decision No. 65 / PUU-VIII / 2010 reviewed the meaning of word witness and phrase witness statements is analyzed by semantic and syntactic approach which aim to find alternative and comprehensive answers in the meaning of word witness and phrase witness statements.---Abstrak Pemaknaan kata dan frasa dalam teks hukum sering menjadi perdebatan dalam ranah hukum. Ambiguitas teks hukum akan menimbulkan ketidakpastian, ketidakkeadilan, dan ketidakkemanfaatan hukum, dikarenakan hukum terikat pada bahasa yang pada dasarnya selalu akan memberikan penafsiran dari teks tertulis di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Akibat tidak dipenuhi syarat-syarat dalam teks hukum yang berupa kejelasan (clarity), ketidaktaksaan (unambiguity), bernas (concise), dan inklusif sering dilakukan pengujian pemaknaan dalam teks hukum, dalam hal ini, di Mahkamah Konstitusi. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 65/PUU-VIII/2010 yang menguji pemaknaan kata “saksi” dan frasa “keterangan” saksi dianalisis dengan pendekatan semantis dan sintaksis, yang bertujuan untuk mencari jawaban alternatif dan komprehensif dalam pemaknaan kata “saksi” dan frasa “keterangan saksi”.DOI: 10.15408/al-turas.v23i1.4804
Metode Penerjemahan Dalam Penerjemahan Bahasa Mandarin Ke Bahasa Indonesia Pada Buku Ajar Bahasa Tionghoa Tingkat Sma/Ma Kelas X
Authors: Sunaryo Gustini Wijayanti 
Published: January 2020

Translation is one of communication, therefore, the translator must be able to find the equivalence between the text translated with the translation. A translator other than claimed to be able to solve problems in translation, is also required to theory, methods, techniques and translation strategies. Based on the observation, there are still many translations in the exercise instruction and vocabulary in the high school Mandarin / MA textbook published by Depdikbud which misrepresents the purpose of the source language (Mandarin) to the target language (Indonesian). Failure of translation will result in the textbook is not communicative because the meaning or message conveyed is not understood by teachers and students, so the textbook is less able to help and motivate teachers and students in the learning process. The results show that the method used by many translators is the method of free translation, the rest using the method of literal translation and word by word that causes the translation to be unequal and less acceptable.---Terjemahan merupakan salah satu bentuk komunikasi, oleh karena itu, penerjemah harus mampu mencari kesepadanan antara teks yang diterjemahkan dengan terjemahannya. Seorang penerjemah selain dituntut untuk dapat memecahkan permasalahan dalam penerjemahan, juga dituntut untuk menguasai teori dan metode serta teknik dan strategi penerjemahan. Berdasarkan pengamatan peneliti, masih banyak terjemahan dalam instruksi latihan , kosakata bahkan penjelasan dalam buku ajar bahasa Mandarin SMA/MA terbitan Depdikbud yang menyimpang atau salah menyampaikan maksud dari bahasa sumber (bahasa Mandarin) ke bahasa sasaran (bahasa Indonesia). Kegagalan terjemahan akan mengakibatkan buku ajar tersebut tidak komunikatif karena makna atau pesan yang disampaikan tidak dipahami baik oleh guru maupun siswa, sehingga buku ajar tersebut kurang dapat membantu dan memotivasi guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode yang banyak digunakan oleh penerjemah adalah metode penerjemahan bebas, selebihnya menggunakan metode penerjemahan harfiah dan kata per kata yang menyebabkan terjemahan menjadi tidak sepadan dan kurang berterima
Probematika Agama dan Negara: Perspektif Sejarah
Authors: Darajat Zakiya 
Published: January 2020

Discourse on the relationship between religion and state seems to be a discourse that never ends to be discussed. The emergence of a statement of President Jokowi on March 24, 2017 which discourse the separation between religion and politics immediately launched a public reaction. Some agreed, but many also criticized. For those who agree with the statement Jokowi reasoned that religion is often used as a politician tool that has the potential to divide the nation. But for those who reject Jokowi's statements argue that the separation of religion from the state is the same as denying the basis and philosophy of the state which has historically been extracted from the values of the religiosity of the Indonesian nation itself. Using historical, sociological and political approaches, this article intends to analyze how discourses on the relation between religion and state taking place in Indonesia in the historical perspective, as well as the problems it causes. This paper proves that although experiencing ups and downs, judging from the historical geneologi, the life of the nation and the state of Indonesia can not be separated from the values of religiosity. Both are always symbiotic mutualism. Putting the Godhead of the One Supreme God as the first principle in Pancasila, is in fact an acknowledgment of the importance of religious values in the life of the nation and the state.---Diskursus tentang relasi antara agama dan negara seolah menjadi wacana yang tak pernah usai untuk dibahas. Munculnya statemen Presiden Jokowi pada 24 Maret 2017 yang mewacanakan pemisahan antara agama dan politik segera menyeruakkan reaksi publik. Ada yang mengiyakan, tapi banyak juga yang mengecam. Bagi yang setuju dengan statemen Jokowi beralasan bahwa agama sering kali dijadikan sebagai alat politisasi yang berpotensi memecah belah bangsa. Namun bagi mereka yang menolak statemen Jokowi berargumentasi bahwa upaya pemisahan agama dari negara sama halnya dengan mengingkari dasar dan falsafah negara yang secara historis justru digali dari nilai-nilai religiusitas bangsa Indonesia itu sendiri. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah, sosiologis dan politik, artikel ini bermaksud menganalisis bagaimana diskursus tentang relasi antara agama dan negara yang terjadi di Indonesia dalam perspektif sejarah, serta problematika yang ditimbulkannya. Tulisan ini membuktikan bahwa meskipun mengalami pasang surut, dilihat dari geneologi kesejarahan, kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara Indonesia tidak bisa dilepaskan dari nilai-nilai religiusitas. Keduanya senantiasa bersimbiosis mutualisme. Diletakkannya Sila Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa sebagai sila pertama dalam Pancasila, sejatinya merupakan sebuah pengakuan akan pentingnya nilai-nilai religiusitas dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.