bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excess centrosomes disrupt vascular lumenization and endothelial cell adherens junctions
Authors: Buglak Danielle B. , Kushner Erich J. , Marvin Allison P. , Davis Katy L. , Bautch Victoria L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProper blood vessel formation requires coordinated changes in endothelial cell polarity and rearrangement of cell–cell junctions to form a functional lumen. One important regulator of cell polarity is the centrosome, which acts as a microtubule organizing center. Excess centrosomes perturb aspects of endothelial cell polarity linked to migration, but whether centrosome number influences apical–basal polarity and cell–cell junctions is unknown. Here, we show that excess centrosomes alter the apical–basal polarity of endothelial cells in angiogenic sprouts and disrupt endothelial cell–cell adherens junctions. Endothelial cells with excess centrosomes had narrower lumens in a 3D sprouting angiogenesis model, and zebrafish intersegmental vessels had reduced perfusion following centrosome overduplication. These results indicate that endothelial cell centrosome number regulates proper lumenization downstream of effects on apical–basal polarity and cell–cell junctions. Endothelial cells with excess centrosomes are prevalent in tumor vessels, suggesting how centrosomes may contribute to tumor vessel dysfunction.
The Role of Homework Engagement, Homework-Related Therapist Behaviors, and Their Association with Depressive Symptoms in Telephone-Based CBT for Depression
Authors: Haller Elisa , Watzke Birgit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy (tel-CBT) ascribes importance to between-session learning with the support of the therapist. The study describes patient homework engagement (HE) and homework-related therapist behaviors (TBH) over the course of treatment and explores their relation to depressive symptoms during tel-CBT for patients with depression.

Methods
Audiotaped sessions (N = 197) from complete therapies of 22 patients (77% female, age: M = 54.1, SD = 18.8) were rated by five trained raters using two self-constructed rating scales measuring the extent of HE and TBH (scored: 0–4).

Results
Average scores across sessions were moderate to high in both HE (M = 2.71, SD = 0.74) and TBH (M = 2.1, SD = 0.73). Multilevel mixed models showed a slight decrease in HE and no significant decrease in TBH over the course of treatment. Higher TBH was related to higher HE and higher HE was related to lower symptom severity.

Conclusions
Results suggest that HE is a relevant therapeutic process element related to reduced depressive symptoms in tel-CBT and that TBH is positively associated with HE. Future research is needed to determine the causal direction of the association between HE and depressive symptoms and to investigate whether TBH moderates the relationship between HE and depressive symptoms.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02667366. Registered on 3 December 2015.
Modeling Epac1 interactions with the allosteric inhibitor AM-001 by co-solvent molecular dynamics
Authors: Bufano Marianna , Laudette Marion , Blondeau Jean-Paul , Lezoualc’h Frank , Nalli Marianna , Silvestri Romano , Brancale Andrea , Coluccia Antonio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe exchange proteins activated by cAMP (EPAC) are implicated in a large variety of physiological processes and they are considered as promising targets for a wide range of therapeutic applications. Several recent reports provided evidence for the therapeutic effectiveness of the inhibiting EPAC1 activity cardiac diseases. In that context, we recently characterized a selective EPAC1 antagonist named AM-001. This compound was featured by a non-competitive mechanism of action but the localization of its allosteric site to EPAC1 structure has yet to be investigated. Therefore, we performed cosolvent molecular dynamics with the aim to identify a suitable allosteric binding site. Then, the docking and molecular dynamics were used to determine the binding of the AM-001 to the regions highlighted by cosolvent molecular dynamics for EPAC1. These analyses led us to the identification of a suitable allosteric AM-001 binding pocket at EPAC1. As a model validation, we also evaluated the binding poses of the available AM-001 analogues, with a different biological potency. Finally, the complex EPAC1 with AM-001 bound at the putative allosteric site was further refined by molecular dynamics. The principal component analysis led us to identify the protein motion that resulted in an inactive like conformation upon the allosteric inhibitor binding.
Getting the best of both worlds: a framework for combining disaggregate travel survey data and aggregate mobile phone data for trip generation modelling
Authors: Bwambale Andrew , Choudhury Charisma F. , Hess Stephane , Iqbal Md. Shahadat 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTraditional approaches to travel behaviour modelling primarily rely on household travel survey data, which is expensive to collect, resulting in small sample sizes and infrequent updates. Furthermore, such data is prone to reporting errors which can lead to biased parameter estimates and subsequently incorrect predictions. On the other hand, mobile phone call detail records (CDRs), which report the timestamped locations of mobile communication events, have been successfully used in the context of generating travel patterns. However, due to their anonymous nature, such records have not been widely used in developing mathematical models establishing the relationship between the observed travel behaviour and influencing factors such as the attributes of the alternatives and the decision makers. In this paper, we propose a joint modelling framework that utilises the advantages offered by both travel survey data and low-cost CDR data to optimise the prediction capacity of traditional trip generation models. In this regard, we develop a model that jointly explains the reported trips for each individual in the household survey data and ensures that the aggregated zonal trip productions are close to those derived from CDR data. This framework is tested using data from Dhaka. Bangladesh consisting of household survey data (65,419 persons in 16,750 households), mobile phone CDR data (over 600 million records generated by 6.9 million users), and aggregate census data. The model results show that the proposed framework improves the spatial and temporal transferability of the joint models over the base model which relies on household travel survey data alone. This serves as a proof-of-concept that augmenting travel survey data with mobile phone data holds significant promise for the travel behaviour modelling community, not only by saving the cost of data collection, but also improving the prediction capability of the models.
Using qualitative methods for a conceptual analysis of measures of health status and presenteeism prior to a mapping study
Authors: Jones Cheryl , Payne Katherine , Verstappen Suzanne M. M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives

The inclusion of productivity in economic evaluations is a contentious issue. Methods are currently being developed to assess how it may feasibly be included for specific interventions, such as workplace interventions (WPIs), where productivity is a key outcome. Mapping (also called cross-walking or prediction modelling) may offer a solution. Prior to producing a mapping algorithm, it is recommended that the conceptual validity between ‘source’ and ‘target’ measures be understood first. This study aimed to understand the conceptual validity of two existing measures of health status (EQ-5D; SF-6D) and presenteeism to inform the potential for a subsequent mapping algorithm.

Methods

A purposive sample of individuals who were currently working and had either rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Individuals were recruited through support groups. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted until data saturation (no new emerging themes) was reached. Deductive and inductive framework analysis methods were used to identify key aspects of the conditions (themes) that impact on presenteeism (working at reduced levels of health).

Results
Twenty-two (RA = 10; AS = 9; PsA = 3) employed individuals were interviewed. Deductive analysis identified evidence which confirmed the domains included in the EQ-5D and SF-6D capture those key aspects of RA, AS and PsA that increase presenteeism. Inductive analysis identified an additional theme; mental clarity, not captured by the EQ-5D or SF-6D, was also found to have a direct impact on presenteeism.

Conclusions
The results of the study indicate conceptual validity of both health status measures to predict presenteeism. The next step is to develop a mapping algorithm for presenteeism.
Preservice Science Teachers’ Strategies in Scientific Reasoning: the Case of Modeling
Authors: Göhner Maximilian , Krell Moritz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of scientific reasoning competencies is a key goal of science education. To better understand the complex construct of scientific reasoning, which includes modeling as one style of reasoning, thorough investigations of the underlying processes are needed. Therefore, in this study, a typology of preservice science teachers’ modeling strategies was developed. Thirty-two preservice science teachers were videotaped while engaging in the modeling task of investigating a black box. Following a qualitative content analysis, sequences of modeling activities were identified. By transforming these sequences of modeling activities into state transition graphs, six types of modeling strategies were derived, differing in the homogeneity and complexity of their modeling processes. The preservice science teachers engaged in activities of (1) exploration only; (2a) exploration and development with a focus on development; (2b) exploration and development with a focus on exploration; (2c) exploration and development, balanced; (3a) exploration, development, and drawing predictions from a model once; or (3b) exploration, development, and repeatedly drawing predictions from a model. Finally, this typology is discussed regarding the process of its development and its potential to inform and guide further research as well as the development of interventions aiming to foster competencies in scientific modeling.
Effects of central apneas on sympathovagal balance and hemodynamics at night: impact of underlying systolic heart failure
Authors: Spiesshoefer Jens , Hegerfeld Nora , Gerdes Malte Frank , Klemm Sören , Gorbachevski Martha , Radke Robert , Tuleta Izabela , Passino Claudio , Jiang Xiaoyi , Sciarrone Paolo , Randerath Winfried , Dreher Michael , Boentert Matthias , Giannoni Alberto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Increased sympathetic drive is the key determinant of systolic heart failure progression, being associated with worse functional status, arrhythmias, and increased mortality. Central sleep apnea is highly prevalent in systolic heart failure, and its effects on sympathovagal balance (SVB) and hemodynamics might depend on relative phase duration and background pathophysiology.

Objective
This study compared the effects of central apneas in patients with and without systolic heart failure on SVB and hemodynamics during sleep.

Methods
During polysomnography, measures of SVB (heart rate and diastolic blood pressure variability) were non-invasively recorded and analyzed along with baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and hemodynamic parameters (stroke volume index, cardiac index, total peripheral resistance index). Data analysis focused on stable non-rapid eye movement N2 sleep, comparing normal breathing with central sleep apnea in subjects with and without systolic heart failure.

Results
Ten patients were enrolled per group. In heart failure patients, central apneas had neutral effects on SVB (all p > 0.05 for the high, low, and very low frequency components of heart rate and diastolic blood pressure variability). Patients without heart failure showed an increase in very low and low frequency components of diastolic blood pressure variability in response to central apneas (63 ± 18 vs. 39 ± 9%; p = 0.001, 43 ± 12 vs. 31 ± 15%; p = 0.002). In all patients, central apneas had neutral hemodynamic effects when analyzed over a period of 10 min, but had significant acute hemodynamic effects.

Conclusion
Effects of central apneas on SVB during sleep depend on underlying systolic heart failure, with neutral effects in heart failure and increased sympathetic drive in idiopathic central apneas.
Needle tip force estimation by deep learning from raw spectral OCT data
Authors: Gromniak M. , Gessert N. , Saathoff T. , Schlaefer A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeNeedle placement is a challenging problem for applications such as biopsy or brachytherapy. Tip force sensing can provide valuable feedback for needle navigation inside the tissue. For this purpose, fiber-optical sensors can be directly integrated into the needle tip. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to image tissue. Here, we study how to calibrate OCT to sense forces, e.g., during robotic needle placement.MethodsWe investigate whether using raw spectral OCT data without a typical image reconstruction can improve a deep learning-based calibration between optical signal and forces. For this purpose, we consider three different needles with a new, more robust design which are calibrated using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We compare training the CNNs with the raw OCT signal and the reconstructed depth profiles.ResultsWe find that using raw data as an input for the largest CNN model outperforms the use of reconstructed data with a mean absolute error of 5.81 mN compared to 8.04 mN.ConclusionsWe find that deep learning with raw spectral OCT data can improve learning for the task of force estimation. Our needle design and calibration approach constitute a very accurate fiber-optical sensor for measuring forces at the needle tip.
Use of age-dependent FRAX-based intervention thresholds for Singapore
Authors: Kanis John A. , Chandran Manju , Chionh Siok Bee , Ganeson Ganga , Harvey Nicholas C , Koh Woon-Puay , Kwok Timothy , Lau Tang Ching , Liu Enwu , Lorentzon Mattias , McCloskey Eugene V , Tan Kelvin Bryan , Vandenput Liesbeth , Johansson Helena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSummaryAssessment and treatment pathways based on age-specific intervention thresholds in Singapore using FRAX paths can be used to identify patients at high risk of fracture and avoid unnecessary treatment in those at low risk.PurposeIntervention thresholds for the treatment of osteoporosis have been based historically on the measurement of bone mineral density. The development of FRAX® has permitted a more accurate assessment of fracture risk. The aim of the present study was to explore treatment paths and characteristics of women selected for treatment in Singapore based on FRAX.MethodsThe approach to the setting of intervention and assessment thresholds used the methodology adopted by the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group for FRAX-based guidelines in the UK but based on the epidemiology of fracture and death in Singapore. The methodology was applied to women age 50 years or more drawn from the population-based Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) cohort. Missing data for the calculation of FRAX was simulated using data from Chinese cohorts from Hong Kong.ResultsIntervention thresholds expressed as a 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture ranged from 2.9% at the age of 50 years increasing to 32% at the age of 90 years. A total of 1927 of 29,323 women (7%) had a prior fragility fracture and would be eligible for treatment for this reason. An additional 3019 women (10.3%) would be eligible for treatment on the basis of age-dependent thresholds. The mean BMD T-score of women so selected was −2.94.ConclusionProbability-based assessment of fracture risk using age-specific intervention thresholds was developed for Singapore to help guide decisions about treatment.
Fracture behavior and acoustic emission characteristics of sandstone samples with inclined precracks
Authors: Dou Litong , Yang Ke , Chi Xiaolou 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSandstone samples with precracks of different dip angles were collected from a coal mine roof and subjected to uniaxial compression tests, and acoustic emission (AE) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study how the crack dip angle affected the fracture mechanism. In the precracked sandstone samples, as the dip angle between the crack line and loading direction decreased, so did the peak stress and its completion time. The SEM observations revealed a fracture transition from tensile cleavage to shear slip, which was manifested by a microstructure change from aggregate to staggered. According to energy conversion, a decreased crack dip angle results in gradually decreasing total and dissipative peak energies, whose variation amplitudes at different stages are consistent with those of the peak stress of the samples. The decreased crack dip angle lowered the stress required to trigger the first appearance of AE energy peaks and ring-down counts, as well as shortening the period before the occurrence of the first AE peak signal. However, the AE energy and ring-down count during the failure stage after the stress peak increased gradually. A stepped increase was observed in the AE ring-down count curves, with each step corresponding to a jump in the stress-strain curve. From the characteristics of the AE signal of the fracture of a precracked rock sample, the occurrence of joints or faults in the rock mass can be reasonably inferred. This is expected to provide a new method and approach for predicting coal and rock dynamic disasters.
An Open-Access Arrhythmia Database of Wearable Electrocardiogram
Authors: Shen Qin , Gao Hongxiang , Li Yuwen , Sun Qi , Chen Minglong , Li Jianqing , Liu Chengyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Heart arrhythmias result from any disturbance in the rate, regularity, and site of origin or conduction of the cardiac electric pulse. Sporadic and underappreciated characteristics make diagnosis less timely, leading to stroke, heart failure, or even sudden death. Wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices are gradually becoming the main trend of intelligent diagnosis alongside the improvement of information transmission and computation power of the hardware. Therefore, a database for arrhythmia detection was planned to construct.

Methods
Collaborating with hospital, this study presents a bipolar limb two-lead wearable device by collecting a large amount of real-time data and giving rise to readily available ECG databases.

Results
In total, the database contains 2000 30-s recordings of sinus, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias collected from more than 200 voluntary patients who had been diagnosed with heart diseases, ranging in age from 18 to 82. Meanwhile, manual annotations by cardiologists were proposed to benefit and instruct non-medical researchers to design the algorithm reasonably.
Neurotrophic factors for disease-modifying treatments of Parkinson's disease: gaps between basic science and clinical studies
Authors: Chmielarz Piotr , Saarma Mart 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Neurotrophic factors are endogenous proteins promoting the survival of different neural cells. Therefore, they elicited great interest as a possible treatment for neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s Disease (PD). PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, scientifically characterized more than 200 years ago and initially linked with motor abnormalities. Currently, the disease is viewed as a highly heterogeneous, progressive disorder with a long presymptomatic phase, and both motor and non-motor symptoms. Presently only symptomatic treatments for PD are available. Neurohistopathological changes of PD affected brains have been described more than 100 years ago and characterized by the presence of proteinaceous inclusions known as Lewy bodies and degeneration of dopamine neurons. Despite more than a century of investigations, it has remained unclear why dopamine neurons die in PD.

Methods
This review summarizes literature data from preclinical studies and clinical trials of neurotrophic factor based therapies for PD and discuss it from the perspective of the current understanding of PD biology.

Results
Newest data point towards dysfunctions of mitochondria, autophagy-lysosomal pathway, unfolded protein response and prion protein-like spreading of misfolded alpha-synuclein that is the major component of Lewy bodies. Yet, the exact chain of events leading to the demise of dopamine neurons is unclear and perhaps different in subpopulations of patients.

Conclusions
Gaps in our understanding of underlying disease etiology have hindered our attempts to find treatments able to slow down the progression of PD.

Graphic abstract
Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measurement invariance across adolescence and diverse ethnic groups
Authors: Fisher Sycarah , Zapolski Tamika B. , Wheeler Lorey , Arora Prerna G. , Barnes‐Najor Jessica 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionEthnic identity is an important protective factor for various ethnic groups and developmental periods. Although existing measures assessing ethnic identity are well known, less is known about the measurement invariance of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) across adolescent ethnic groups. The present study evaluates the factor structure of MEIM (Roberts et al., 1999) and tests the measurement invariance across early and middle adolescence and ethnic background (N = 4940).MethodsData from an ethnic minority sample of youth (54% girls; Mage = 13.88, grades 6th – 12th; 60% African American, 22% multi‐ethnic, 8% Latinx, 5% Asian, 5% American Indian) in the United States of America were examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi‐group measurement invariance via a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. Models for invariance were tested using full information maximum likelihood‐robust (FIML‐R) estimation in Mplus.ResultsCFA supported a three‐factor solution (i.e., cognitive clarity, behavioral engagement, and affective pride). The model indicated scalar invariance across early and middle adolescence and partial scalar invariance across the five self‐identified racial/ethnic minority groups. There were no grade differences on the ethnic identity factors. Among the racial/ethnic groups, multi‐ethnic youth reported the lowest levels on all three ethnic identity factors compared to the other groups.ConclusionsResults of this study point to the validity of using the MEIM for meaningful comparisons of ethnic identity across ethnic groups and across early and middle adolescence. Implications for the interpretation and use of this measure with diverse adolescents are discussed.
From historical narrative to archaeological study: What can Arabic sources contribute to the study of ancient monuments?
Authors: Mkacher Anis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article studies the way in which certain Arab authors presented ancient African remains, using three examples (the arch of Marcus Aurelius in Tripoli, the Zaghouan-Carthage aqueduct and the amphitheatre of El-Djem). These testimonies, in addition to being very original within the region, give valuable information, both historically and culturally, including the history of attitudes, on the different periods preceding the arrival of Islam in the region.