bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Massage Therapy on Multiple Sclerosis: a Case Report
Authors: Frost-Hunt, RMT Amy 
Published: December 2020

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by degeneration of the myelin sheath of an axon resulting in decreased transmission of nerve impulses. It is an autoimmune disease with periods of exacerbation and remission. Types of MS include relapsing-remitting, acute progressive, chronic progressive attack-remitting, and benign. Symptoms vary from patient to patient. Common symptoms include fatigue, spasticity, swelling, and altered gait. MS is commonly treated with medications that help relieve symptoms and prolong disease progression. Massage Therapy (MT), specifically Swedish techniques, have been effective in treating MS.
Objective: To examine the effects of MT on mobility, fatigue, and edema in a patient with MS.
Methods: An MT student from MacEwan University’s 2,200-hour Massage Therapy program administered five MT treatments over a six-week period to a 58-year-old female diagnosed with MS 11 years earlier. She presented with symptoms of decreased mobility, fatigue, and left ankle edema. Assessment included active and passive range of motion (ROM), myotomes, dermatomes, reflexes, and orthopedic tests. Goals for the treatment sessions were to increase mobility, decrease fatigue, and decrease edema. Assessment measures included the Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) test for mobility, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) to measure fatigue, and Figure-8 ankle measurement to measure edema. Techniques used included Swedish massage, passive ROM, manual lymphatic drainage (MLD), and home-care exercises.
Results: Little change was noted in mobility. The patient’s fatigue level and left ankle edema decreased.
Conclusion: The results suggest that MT is effective in reducing fatigue and edema in a patient with MS. Future studies are needed to evaluate the correlation between mobility and massage.
Identifying Bound Stellar Companions to Kepler Exoplanet Host Stars Using Speckle Imaging
Authors: Colton Nicole M. , Horch Elliott P. , Everett Mark E. , Howell Steve B. , Davidson James W. , Baptista Brian J. , Casetti-Dinescu Dana I. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Kepler mission and subsequent ground-based follow-up observations have revealed a number of exoplanet host stars with nearby stellar companions. This study presents speckle observations of 57 Kepler objects of interest (KOIs) that are also double stars, each observed over a 3–8 yr period, which has allowed us to track their relative motions with high precision. Measuring the position angle and separation of the companion with respect to the primary can help determine if the pair exhibits common proper motion, indicating it is likely to be a bound binary system. We report on the motions of 34 KOIs that have close stellar companions, three of which are triple stars, for a total of 37 companions studied. Eighteen of the 34 systems are confirmed exoplanet hosts, including one triple star, while four other systems have been subsequently judged to be false positives and twelve are yet to be confirmed as planet hosts. We find that 21 are most likely to be common proper motion pairs, 4 are line-of-sight companions, and 12 are of an uncertain disposition at present. The fraction of the confirmed exoplanet host systems that are common proper motion pairs is approximately 86% in this sample. In this subsample, the planets are exclusively found with periods of less than 110 days, so that in all cases the stellar companion is found at a much larger separation from the planet host star than the planet itself. A preliminary period–radius relation for the confirmed planets in our sample suggests no obvious differences at this stage with the full sample of known exoplanets.
The Sun: Light Dark Matter and Sterile Neutrinos
Authors: Lopes Ilídio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Next-generation experiments allow for the possibility of testing the neutrino flavor oscillation model to very high levels of accuracy. Here, we explore the possibility that the dark matter in the current universe is made of two particles, a sterile neutrino and a very light dark matter particle. By using a 3+1 neutrino flavor oscillation model, we study how such a type of dark matter imprints the solar neutrino fluxes, spectra, and survival probabilities of electron neutrinos. The current solar neutrino measurements allow us to define an upper limit for the ratio of the mass of a light dark matter particle m

ϕ
and the Fermi constant G

ϕ
, such that G

ϕ
/m

ϕ
must be smaller than 1030
G
F eV−1 to be in agreement with current solar neutrino data from the Borexino, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, and Super-Kamiokande detectors. Moreover, for models with a very small Fermi constant, the amplitude of the time variability must be lower than 3% to be consistent with current solar neutrino data. We also found that solar neutrino detectors like Darwin, able to measure neutrino fluxes in the low-energy range with high accuracy, will provide additional constraints to this class of models that complement the ones obtained from the current solar neutrino detectors.
A Fast, Simple, Robust Algorithm for Coronal Temperature Reconstruction
Authors: Plowman Joseph , Caspi Amir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We describe a new algorithm for reconstruction of differential emission measures (DEMs) in the solar corona. Although a number of such algorithms currently exist, they can have difficulty converging for some cases and can be complex, slow, or idiosyncratic in their output (i.e., their inversions can have features that are a result of the inversion code and instrument response, not of the solar source); we will document some of these issues in this paper. The new algorithm described here significantly reduces these drawbacks and is particularly notable for its simplicity; it is reproduced here, in full, on a single page. After we describe the algorithm, we compare its performance and fidelity with some prevalent methods. Although presented here for extreme-ultraviolet data, the algorithm is robust and extensible to any other wavelengths (e.g., X-rays) where the DEM treatment is valid.
Relation of Coronal Rain Originating from Coronal Condensations to Interchange Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Li Leping , Peter Hardi , Chitta Lakshmi Pradeep , Song Hongqiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using extreme-ultraviolet images, we recently proposed a new and alternative formation mechanism for coronal rain along magnetically open field lines due to interchange magnetic reconnection. In this paper we report coronal rain at chromospheric and transition region temperatures originating from the coronal condensations facilitated by reconnection between open and closed coronal loops. For this, we employ the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) of the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Around 2013 October 19, a coronal rain along curved paths was recorded by IRIS over the southeastern solar limb. Related to this, we found reconnection between a system of higher-lying open features and lower-lying closed loops that occurs repeatedly in AIA images. In this process, the higher-lying features form magnetic dips. In response, two sets of newly reconnected loops appear and retract away from the reconnection region. In the dips, seven events of cooling and condensation of coronal plasma repeatedly occur due to thermal instability over several days, from October 18 to 20. The condensations flow downward to the surface as coronal rain, with a mean interval between condensations of ∼6.6 hr. In the cases where IRIS data were available we found the condensations to cool all the way down to chromospheric temperatures. Based on our observations we suggest that some of the coronal rain events observed at chromospheric temperatures could be explained by the new and alternative scenario for the formation of coronal rain, where the condensation is facilitated by interchange reconnection.
Discovery of Magellanic Stellar Debris in the H3 Survey
Authors: Zaritsky Dennis , Conroy Charlie , Naidu Rohan P. , Cargile Phillip A. , Putman Mary , Besla Gurtina , Bonaca Ana , Caldwell Nelson , Jesse Han Jiwon , Johnson Benjamin D. , Speagle Joshua S. , Ting 丁源森 Yuan-Sen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report the discovery of 15 stars in the H3 survey that lie, in projection, near the tip of the trailing gaseous Magellanic Stream (MS). The stars have Galactocentric velocities <−155 km s−1, Galactocentric distances of ≈40 to 80 kpc (increasing along the MS), and [Fe/H] consistent with that of stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud. These 15 stars comprise 94% (15 of 16) of the H3 observed stars to date that have R
GAL > 37.5 kpc, −350 km s−1 < V
GSR < −155 km s−1, and are not associated with the Sagittarius Stream. They represent a unique portion of the Milky Way’s outer halo phase space distribution function and confirm that unrelaxed structure is detectable even at radii where H3 includes only a few hundred stars. Due to their statistical excess, their close association with the MS and HI compact clouds in the same region, both in position and velocity space, and their plausible correspondence with tidal debris in a published simulation, we identify these stars as debris of past Magellanic Cloud encounters. These stars are evidence for a stellar component of the tidal debris field far from the Clouds themselves and provide unique constraints on the interaction.
Does corruption impact the demand for bank credit? A study of discouraged borrowers in Asian developing countries
Authors: Statnik Jean-Christophe , Vu Thi-Le-Giang 
Published: December 2020

Deux dysfonctionnements majeurs peuvent affecter le marché du crédit : le rationnement du crédit et le découragement des emprunteurs. Si le premier a été étudié en détail depuis plus de 40 ans, le second est un objet de recherche bien plus récent. Dans cet article, nous améliorons la compréhension de ce problème qui affecte la demande de crédit en examinant le rôle joué par la corruption. Plus précisément, en utilisant les données des enquêtes menées depuis 10 ans par la Banque Mondiale auprès des entreprises de pays en voie de développement, nous montrons, 1) que le niveau de découragement des emprunteurs et la corruption sont négativement corrélés, 2) que cette relation est non linéaire et dépend du niveau de développement économique. Ainsi, nous montrons que dans les pays les plus développés, plus le niveau de corruption est élevé, plus les entreprises sont découragées ; en revanche, cette relation s’inverse dans les pays les moins développés. Nous expliquons ce résultat par le poids de la réglementation gouvernementale : la corruption est un moyen de contourner une réglementation trop lourde.
Stock returns and weather: The case of European listed energy firms
Authors: Bertrand Jean-Louis , Chabot Miia 
Published: December 2020

L’influence de la météo sur les marchés boursiers a été principalement étudiée dans le cadre de la finance comportementale. En utilisant un CAPM météo appliqué aux énergéticiens européens, nous montrons que la communication financière sur la météo a peu d’influence et qu’il existe un effet retard de la météo sur les rendements. L’erreur entre rendements attendus et observés diminue de 20 % entre le MEDAF météo et le MEDAF classique. Avec l’augmentation de la variabilité climatique, ces résultats suggèrent de prendre en compte l’impact de la météo sur les rendements des actions des 70 % d’entreprises exposées à la météo.
Entre confinement et répression : comment les usagers de cannabis se sont organisés
Authors: Carrez Raphaël , Lopez Fabienne 
Published: December 2020

Patient(e)s se soignant au cannabis au sein de l’association Principes Actifs, nous recensons dans cet article les effets du confinement dû à l’épidémie de Covid-19 sur les modes d’approvisionnement du cannabis et son usage, à partir notamment de nos observations de terrain. Un temps bouleversé, le trafic s’est vite réinventé et les usager(e)s de cannabis n’ont finalement pas souffert de pénurie, notent des enquêtes. Autoriser l’autoproduction et légaliser le cannabis n’en constitueraient pas moins une solution pour le « monde d’après » Covid-19.
Le cannabis toujours confiné en France...
Authors: Marie Jean-Charles , Maillard Alexandra , Buffière Florent 
Published: December 2020

L’association NORML France essaie d’introduire auprès des pouvoirs publics, des professionnels de santé et des consommateurs la notion de réduction des risques spécifiques à l’usage de cannabis. Elle présente ici les outils et méthodes mis en avant pour limiter au maximum l’impact sanitaire de cette consommation, avec un focus particulier sur la pratique de « l’abstinence préprogrammée » qui a pris toute sa signification pendant la période de confinement. Les conséquences de la crise sanitaire sur l’approvisionnement sont également mises en perspective avec les actions juridiques menées par NORML France pour la régulation du cannabis dans un contexte français marqué par la mise en place d’une amende forfaitaire délictuelle pour son usage, le retard pris dans l’expérimentation du cannabis thérapeutique et le lancement d’un débat national en vue de l’élection présidentielle.
Les stratégies de plateformes analysées sous le prisme de l’intelligence artificielle
Authors: Acquatella François , Fernandez Valérie , Houy Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Les plateformes dominantes sur Internet portent une forme de reconfiguration des différents marchés auxquels elles s’adressent. Souvent multifaces, ces plateformes se positionnent comme une infrastructure nouvelle pour tous les acteurs de marché qui viennent s’y connecter. Aussi, elles témoignent d’un nouveau paradigme de développement économique fondé sur des stratégies de captation et de création de valeur spécifiques. La dynamique stratégique de ces plateformes s’appuie désormais en grande partie sur le développement des technologies de l’intelligence artificielle (IA). Cet article vise dans un premier temps à analyser le rôle et les incidences des technologies de l’IA sur la dynamique stratégique des plateformes. Dans un second temps, il vise à appréhender la spécificité des dynamiques stratégiques selon différents types de plateforme. Enfin, nous proposons une discussion sur les enjeux et les risques associés aux stratégies totalement supportées par la « data science ».
Deux à deux
Authors: Paiva Nathalie , Pauwels Arnaud 
Published: December 2020

À partir de notre expérience d’une consultation de cothérapie pour les couples, nous tentons de conceptualiser le dispositif que nous proposons. Nous commençons par décrire quels sont les « piliers cliniques » qui fondent notre pratique. Ensuite, nous partageons comment notre relation constitue le levier thérapeutique essentiel de notre dispositif, grâce à trois éléments : le dialogue relationnel, notre liberté à circuler sur le cycle de l’ambiance, autant entre altérité et égalité qu’entre position « intra » et « méta » et enfin, troisième élément indispensable, le plaisir de travailler ensemble.
Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration in Patients Implanted With Trifocal Diffractive Hydrophobic IOLs
Authors: Vinas Maria , Gonzalez-Ramos Ana Maria , Aissati Sara , Garzón Nuria , Poyales Francisco , Dorronsoro Carlos , Marcos Susana 
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE:
To measure the in vivo longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) from the chromatic difference of focus (480 to 700 nm) using psychophysical methods in patients bilaterally implanted with a hydrophobic trifocal intraocular lens (IOL).

METHODS:
Psychophysical best focus was measured in both eyes at different wavelengths (480 to 700 nm) and at three different viewing distances (0.00, +1.75, and +3.50 diopters [D]) using a custom-developed polychromatic adaptive optics set-up provided with a supercontinuum laser, a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor, a deformable mirror, a motorized Badal system, a pupil monitoring system, and a psychophysical channel with monochromatically illuminated stimuli. Measurements were performed on 10 patients (20 eyes) bilaterally implanted with hydrophobic trifocal diffractive IOLs (FineVisionHP POD F GF; PhysIOL). LCA was computed from the chromatic difference of focus curves as the difference between 480 and 700 nm at near, intermediate, and far.

RESULTS:

The LCA from psychophysical measurements was significantly higher for far vision (0.99 ± 0.06 diopters [D]), than for intermediate (0.67 ± 0.10 D) and near (0.23 ± 0.08 D) vision (one-way analysis of variance,
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
LCA for far vision was significantly higher than for intermediate and near vision in hydrophobic trifocal diffractive IOLs, in agreement with a previous study with the same optical design but hydrophilic material IOLs. The LCA for the hydro-phobic IOL is slightly higher than for the hydrophilic IOL at far. Different combinations of refractive and diffractive LCA will allow optimizing IOL designs to improve polychromatic image quality.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(12):804–810.]
Implementation of a Web-Based Tool With Text Message Prompts to Improve End-of-Shift Assessments for Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Tobias Adam , Sobehart Robert , Doshi Ankur A. , Suffoletto Brian 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
End-of-shift assessments (ESA) can provide representative data on medical trainee performance but do not occur routinely and are not documented systematically.

Objective
To evaluate the implementation of a web-based tool with text message prompts to assist mobile ESA (mESA) in an emergency medicine (EM) residency program.

Methods
mESA used timed text messages to prompt faculty/trainees to expect in-person qualitative ESA in a milestone content area and for the faculty to record descriptive performance data through a web-based platform. We assessed implementation between January 2018 and November 2019 using the RE-AIM framework (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance).

Results
Reach: 96 faculty and 79 trainees participated in the mESA program. Effectiveness: From surveys, approximately 72% of faculty and 58% of trainees reported increases in providing and receiving ESA feedback after program implementation. From ESA submissions, trainees reported receiving in-person feedback on 90% of shifts. Residency leadership confirmed perceived utility of the mESA program. Adoption: mESA prompts were sent on 7792 unique shifts across 4 EDs, all days of week, and different times of day. Faculty electronically submitted ESA feedback on 45% of shifts. Implementation quality: No technological errors occurred. Maintenance: Completion of in-person ESA feedback and electronic submission of feedback by faculty was stable over time.

Conclusions
We found mixed evidence in support of using a web-based tool with text message prompts for mESA for EM trainees.
Calibration Bias and the Interpretation of Clinical Learning Environment Perceptions Surveys
Authors: Deemer David A. , Byrne John M. , Loo Lawrence K. , Puder David , Torralba Karina D. , Lee Sonny C. , Kashner T. Michael 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
The clinical learning environment (CLE) is frequently assessed using perceptions surveys, such as the AAMC Graduation Questionnaire and ACGME Resident/Fellow Survey. However, these survey responses often capture subjective factors not directly related to the trainee's CLE experiences.

Objective
The authors aimed to assess these subjective factors as “calibration bias” and show how it varies by health professions education discipline, and co-varies by program, patient-mix, and trainee factors.

Methods
We measured calibration bias using 2011–2017 US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Learners' Perceptions Survey data to compare medical students and physician residents and fellows (n = 32 830) with nursing (n = 29 758) and allied and associated health (n = 27 092) trainees.

Results
Compared to their physician counterparts, nursing trainees (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.22–1.40) and allied/associated health trainees (1.18, 1.12–1.24) tended to overrate their CLE experiences. Across disciplines, respondents tended to overrate CLEs when reporting 1 higher level (of 5) of psychological safety (3.62, 3.52–3.73), 1 SD more time in the CLE (1.05, 1.04–1.07), female gender (1.13, 1.10–1.16), 1 of 7 lower academic level (0.95, 1.04–1.07), and having seen the lowest tercile of patients for their respective discipline who lacked social support (1.16, 1.12–1.21) and had low income (1.05, 1.01–1.09), co-occurring addictions (1.06, 1.02–1.10), and mental illness (1.06, 1.02–1.10).

Conclusions
Accounting for calibration bias when using perception survey scores is important to better understand physician trainees and the complex clinical learning environments in which they train.
Self-Esteem among Undergraduate Students and Its Correlation with Depression, Anxiety and Stress: A Cross-sectional Study of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal
Authors: Paudel Shishir , Adhikari Chiranjivi , Chalise Anisha , Gautam Himlal 
Published: December 2020

Background: Self-esteem is an overall subjective evaluation of one’s worth or value which encompasses the positive or negative orientation or beliefs towards oneself. Self-esteem has established itself as an important psychological factor contributing to health and quality of life. Thus, this study aimed at understanding the factors influencing the level of self-esteem among the undergraduate students and its correlation with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms experienced by the students.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 618 randomly sampled undergraduates from different academic institutions of Pokhara Metropolitan using Rosenberg self-esteem scale to assess the level of self-esteem and DASS-21 to assess the level of depression, anxiety, and stress. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The chi-squire test, binary logistic regression and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to establish the relationship between variables at the level of significance, p<0.05.
Results: More than three-forth (75.7%) of the students were found to have a normal level of self-esteem while around one-fifth (21.4%) of the students had low self-esteem. There was no statistical relationship established between students’ academic discipline and their self-esteem. However, students’ academic performance, family history of any psychological distress and their perceived level of social support were the major influencing factors associated with their self-esteem at p<0.001. Based on Pearson correlation analysis, self-esteem was negatively correlated with depression, anxiety and stress at p<0.01.
Conclusion: The prevalence of low self-esteem was relatively lower in this students' group and there existed a negative correlation between self-esteem and depression, anxiety and stress experienced by the students. Thus, strategies aimed to increase students' level of perceived social support and self-esteem can reduce their risks of acquiring any mental health problems in near future.