bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Computational Fluid Dynamics for Predicting Possible Cavitation and Choked Flow Inside Excess Flow Valves
Authors: Banazadeh-Neishabouri Nafiseh , Shirazi Siamack A. , Smalley Jud , Lybarger Mike 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cavitation and choked flow conditions can occur when high-pressure drops are encounters in various types of valves, which prevent them to work properly and may cause severe erosion damage inside the valves that decrease their lifetime. Prediction of these critical conditions leads to the prevention of cavitation and helps to improve the design of the valve geometries to delay and prevent these critical flow conditions. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool that can be used to simulate flow conditions and to predict the incipient of cavitation and consequently choked flow in the valve through solving the Time Averaged Navier-Stokes equations under multi-phase flow conditions. Therefore, CFD simulations have been conducted for two types of excess flow valves. The mixture multi-phase flow solution method along with the k-ε realizable turbulence model has been utilized to solve the behavior of vapor flow inside the valve and simulate the cavitation phenomenon. It was observed that CFD could capture the inception of cavitation and choked flow inside the valve successfully. Simulated CFD results also indicated a good agreement with experimental data that were obtained under lower pressure drop conditions. The effects of various inlet pressures on the cavitation intensity have been also studied, and it was concluded that at higher inlet pressure with constant pressure outlet the cavitation strength is greater than lower inlet pressures.
Mercury isotopes track the cause of carbon perturbations in the Ediacaran ocean
Authors: Fan Haifeng , Fu Xuewu , Ward Jack F. , Yin Runsheng , Wen Hanjie , Feng Xinbin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The unusual carbon biogeochemical cycling that occurred in the Ediacaran (ca. 635–541 Ma) ocean may have been critical for ocean oxygenation and Ediacaran life evolution. However, the triggers of the peculiar Ediacaran carbonate carbon isotope (δ13Ccarb) excursions are not well understood. Because mercury (Hg) has a strong affinity for organic carbon, we measured Hg isotope compositions (δ202Hg and Δ199Hg) from Ediacaran marine sediments of South China and South Australia to better understand the causes of the Ediacaran δ13Ccarb excursions. During two local positive δ13Ccarb excursions in the Doushantuo Formation, gradually decreasing Δ199Hg and increasing δ202Hg trends are primarily ascribed to enhanced terrestrial input. Decreasing δ202Hg in both the Doushantuo and Wonoka Formations during the latter part of the Shuram negative δ13Ccarb excursion demonstrates the significant, and potentially widespread, contribution of upwelling Hg associated with dissolved organic carbon (Hg-DOC) from the open deep ocean. New Hg isotope data also suggest that a large Hg-DOC reservoir may have been present in the open ocean continuously from the early to mid–late Ediacaran Period (ca. 635–551 Ma), buffering ocean oxygenation at that time.
Management of hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Simha Vinaya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHypertriglyceridemia is one of the most common lipid abnormalities encountered in clinical practice. Many monogenic disorders causing severe hypertriglyceridemia have been identified, but in most patients triglyceride elevations result from a combination of multiple genetic variations with small effects and environmental factors. Common secondary causes include obesity, uncontrolled diabetes, alcohol misuse, and various commonly used drugs. Correcting these factors and optimizing lifestyle choices, including dietary modification, is important before starting drug treatment. The goal of drug treatment is to reduce the risk of pancreatitis in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular disease in those with moderate hypertriglyceridemia. This review discusses the various genetic and acquired causes of hypertriglyceridemia, as well as current management strategies. Evidence supporting the different drug and non-drug approaches to treating hypertriglyceridemia is examined, and an easy to adopt step-by-step management strategy is presented.
Exploring the concept of problematic khat use in the Gurage community, South Central Ethiopia: a qualitative study
Authors: Mihretu Awoke , Fekadu Abebaw , Habtamu Kassahun , Nhunzvi Clement , Norton Sam , Teferra Solomon 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore how problematic khat use is characterised in the Gurage community in South Central Ethiopia.DesignQualitative study.SettingGurage community in South Central Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe conducted indepth interviews with 14 khat users and 5 non-khat users, and three focus group discussions with khat users.MethodsAll participants were selected purposively based on their exposure to khat or khat use. We used an interview guide to explore the perceptions of participants about khat use and problematic khat use. We analysed the data thematically using OpenCode V.4.03 software. We used iterative data collection and analysis, triangulation of methods, and respondent validation to ensure scientific rigour.FindingsWe identified three major themes: sociocultural khat use, khat suse (khat addiction) and negative consequences of khat use. Sociocultural khat use included a broad range of contexts and patterns, including use of khat for functional, social, cultural and religious reasons. Khat addiction was mainly explained in terms of associated khat withdrawal experiences, including harara/craving and inability to quit. We identified mental health, sexual life, physical health, social and financial negative consequences of khat use. The local idiom jezba was used to label a subgroup of individuals with khat suse (khat addiction).ConclusionThe study has identified what constitutes normative and problematic khat use in the Gurage community in South Central Ethiopia. Problematic khat use is a broad concept which includes frequency, reasons, contexts, negative consequences and addiction to khat. Insights generated can be used to inform future studies on the development of tools to measure problematic khat use.
Association of dietary patterns and practices on metabolic syndrome in adults with central obesity attending a mission hospital in Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Okube Okubatsion Tekeste , Kimani Samuel , Waithira Mirie 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveDietary patterns and practices can predispose or protect against metabolic syndrome (MetS) in humans. Despite the growing problem of MetS in adults, the underpinning dietary behaviour is poorly understood. We determined the dietary patterns and practices relevant to MetS in adults with central obesity attending a mission hospital in Kenya.Study designDescriptive, cross-sectional.SettingOutpatient clinic of a mission-based hospital in Nairobi.ParticipantsAdults (N=404) aged 18–64 years diagnosed with central obesity as per the International Diabetes Federation definition for MetS.Primary outcomesAnthropometric measurements, clinical-biochemical markers and dietary components, quantity and frequency of food intake, as well as time-lapse between consumption of dinner and sleeping.ResultsA high (87.2%) prevalence of MetS was observed for respondents who reported consumption of large amount of carbohydrates (p<0.001), proteins (p<0.001), processed/fast foods (p<0.001) and sugar (p=0.009). Frequent consumption of legumes (p<0.001), nuts (p<0.001), fruits (p<0.001) and vegetables (p=0.021) was linked to reduced MetS. Additionally, longer interval between eating dinner and going to bed was associated with reduced MetS.ConclusionRegular consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts, as well as observing sometime after eating dinner before sleeping, was the dietary pattern significantly associated with a lower risk of MetS. Whereas, consumption of a large quantity of carbohydrates, proteins, processed/fast foods and sugar is likely to predispose to MetS. The findings underscore the need to focus on specific dietary intake patterns including frequency, quantity, quality and variety for MetS prevention and management. The MetS-related interventions could be implemented during individual consultation, group and community health messaging sessions.
Evaluating the long-term effects of a data-driven approach to reduce variation in emergency department pathology investigations: study protocol for evaluation of the NSW Health Pathology Atlas of variation
Authors: Scowen Craig , Wabe Nasir , Eigenstetter Alex , Lindeman Robert , Miao Melissa , Westbrook Johanna I , Georgiou Andrew 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionVariation in test ordering is a major issue in Australia and globally with significant financial and clinical impacts. There is currently a lack of research identifying and remediating variation in the use of pathology tests in emergency departments (EDs). In 2019, NSW Health Pathology introduced the Pathology Atlas of Variation that uses a data-driven tool (the Atlas Analytical Model) to investigate test order variation across New South Wales (NSW) and engage with local health districts (LHDs) to reduce variation. The objectives of this study are to evaluate whether this data-driven approach is associated with: (1) a reduction in test order variation; (2) improvements in patient outcomes and (3) cost benefits, for the five most frequent ED presentations.Methods and analysisThis is a large multisite study including 45 major public hospitals across 15 LHDs in NSW, Australia. The Atlas Analytical Model is a data analytics and visualisation tool capable of providing analytical insights into variation in pathology investigations across NSW EDs, which will be used as feedback to inform LHDs efforts to reduce variation. Interrupted time series analyses using 2 years pre Atlas (2017–2018) and 2 years post Atlas (2021–2022) data will be conducted. Study data will be obtained by linking hospital and laboratory databases. Funnel plots will be used to identify EDs with outlying pathology test ordering practices. The outcome measures include changes in test ordering practices, ED length of stay, hospital admission and cost benefits (total pathology costs per ED encounter).Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the NSW Population and Health Service Research Ethics Committee (reference, 2019/ETH00184). The findings of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated via presentations at conferences. We will also engage directly with key stakeholders to disseminate the findings and to inform policies related to pathology testing in the ED.
Case-comparison study protocol for gauging effects of neighbourhood trends and sickness: examining the perceptions of transit-Induced gentrification in Prince George’s County
Authors: Roberts Jennifer D , Tehrani Shadi O , Isom, Jr Roger , Stone Eric A , Brachman Micah L , Garcia Valerie Newsome 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionImpoverished neighbourhoods and communities of colour often bear the brunt of unintended transit-oriented development (TOD) impacts. These impacts have been known to come in the form of transit-induced gentrification (TIG), a socioeconomic by-product of TOD defined as a phenomenon that occurs when the provision of transit service, particularly light rail transit (LRT), ‘up-scales’ nearby neighbourhood(s) and displaces existing residents. Consequently, TIG or even the perception of TIG can impact health outcomes (eg, anxiety) and social determinants of health (SDOH) (eg, crime).Methods/AnalysisIn 2022, the purple line (PL), a 16.2 mile LRT line, is opening in Prince George’s County, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, DC, comprised of over 80% African American and Hispanic residents. By taking advantage of this natural experiment, we are proposing the GENTS (Gauging Effects of Neighborhood Trends and Sickness: Examining the Perceptions of Transit-Induced Gentrification in Prince George’s County) Study in order to evaluate perceived TIG and associated health outcome and SDOH changes, at two points in time, among Prince George’s County adults in a prospective case-comparison design during the pre-PL LRT period. Descriptive analysis and latent growth curve modelling will be used to examine these changes over time.Ethics and DisseminationEthics approval has been granted by the University of Maryland Institutional Review Board. The GENTS Study will identify temporal changes in perceived TIG, health outcomes and SDOH among case and comparison residents before the completion and operation of the PL LRT, an under researched period of TOD. The dissemination of GENTS Study findings will be able to address research questions and policy issues that are specifically tailored to PG County while also providing more effective procedural solutions for other regions undergoing TOD and TIG risks.
Protocol of a randomised controlled trial on the efficacy of medication optimisation in elderly inpatients: medication optimisation protocol efficacy for geriatric inpatients (MPEG) trial
Authors: Ie Kenya , Hirose Masanori , Sakai Tsubasa , Motohashi Iori , Aihara Mari , Otsuki Takuya , Tsuboya Ayako , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Hashi Hikari , Inoue Eisuke , Takahashi Masaki , Komiya Eiko , Itoh Yuka , Tsuchida Tomoya , Kurosu Eri , Albert Steven M , Okuse Chiaki , Matsuda Takahide 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionWhether medication optimisation improves clinical outcomes in elderly individuals remains unclear. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of multidisciplinary team-based medication optimisation on survival, rehospitalisation and unscheduled hospital visits in elderly patients.Methods and analysisWe report the protocol of a single-centre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. The enrolled subjects will be medical inpatients, aged 65 years or older, admitted to a community hospital and receiving five or more regular medications. The participants will be randomly assigned to receive either an intervention for medication optimisation or the usual care. The intervention will consist of a multidisciplinary team-based medication review, followed by a medication optimisation proposal based on the Screening Tool of Older Persons’ potentially inappropriate Prescriptions/Screening Tool to Alert doctors to the Right Treatment criteria and an implicit medication optimisation protocol. Medication optimisation summaries will be sent to primary care physicians and community pharmacists on discharge. The primary outcome will be a composite of death, unscheduled hospital visits and rehospitalisation until 48 weeks after randomisation. Secondary outcomes will include each of the primary endpoints, the number of prescribed medications, quality of life score, level of long-term care required, drug-related adverse events, death during hospitalisation and falls. Participants will be followed up for 48 weeks with bimonthly telephone interviews to assess the primary and secondary outcomes. A log-rank test stratified by randomisation factors will be used to compare the incidence of the composite endpoint. The study was initiated in 2019 and a minimum of 500 patients will be enrolled.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of St. Marianna University School of Medicine (No. 4129). The results of the current study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberUMIN000035265
Evaluation of the LFA-REAL clinician-reported outcome (ClinRO) and patient-reported outcome (PRO): data from the Peruvian Almenara Lupus Cohort
Authors: Ugarte-Gil Manuel Francisco , Gamboa-Cardenas Rocio Violeta , Reátegui-Sokolova Cristina , Pimentel-Quiroz Victor Román , Zeña-Huancas Paola , Elera-Fitzcarrald Claudia , Garcia-Hirsh Samira , Gil Luciana , Pastor-Asurza Cesar Augusto , Rodriguez-Bellido Zoila , Merrill Joan , Askanase Anca D , Alarcon Graciela , Perich-Campos Risto Alfredo 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThe Lupus Foundation of America Rapid Evaluation of Activity in Lupus (LFA-REAL) clinician-reported outcome (ClinRO) and the LFA-REAL patient-reported outcome (PRO) were developed in order to capture manifestations of SLE from the perspective of both the clinician and the patient. The aim of this study is to compare the LFA-REAL ClinRO and PRO with other lupus disease activity measures.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of patients from a single-centre cohort was performed using Spearman’s correlation. Disease activity measures included were LFA-REAL ClinRO (range 0–1400), LFA-REAL PRO (range 0–1200), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K), clinical SLEDAI-2K and Physician Global Assessment (PGA, range 0–100).ResultsTwo hundred and twenty-seven patients with SLE were studied. The mean age was 46.3 (SD: 13.8); 212 (93.4%) were female. The mean (SD) LFA-REAL ClinRO was 25.4 (34.7), LFA-REAL PRO was 241.1 (187.6), PGA was 11.9 (15.4), SLEDAI-2K was 2.3 (3.3) and clinical SLEDAI-2K was 1.6 (2.9). The LFA-REAL ClinRO correlated with PGA (r=0.758, p<0.001), SLEDAI-2K (r=0.608, p<0.001) and clinical SLEDAI-2K (r=0.697, p<0.001); the LFA-REAL PRO correlated modestly with PGA (r=0.160, p=0.016), SLEDAI-2K (r=0.121, p=0.069), clinical SLEDAI-2K (r=0.143, p=0.031) and LFA-REAL ClinRO (r=0.161, p=0.015).ConclusionsThe LFA-REAL ClinRO and the LFA-REAL PRO had good and weak correlations, respectively, with several physician-based disease activity measures in a cross-sectional study, suggesting their potential usefulness in establishing disease severity. Longitudinal studies will be required to determine their value in monitoring patients with SLE.
Effects of adding ivabradine to usual care in patients with angina pectoris: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Maagaard Mathias , Nielsen Emil Eik , Sethi Naqash Javaid , Ning Liang , Yang Si-hong , Gluud Christian , Jakobsen Janus Christian 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of ivabradine on outcomes important to patients with angina pectoris caused by coronary artery disease.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review. We included randomised clinical trials comparing ivabradine versus placebo or no intervention for patients with angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease published prior to June 2020. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, Cochrane methodology, Trial Sequential Analysis, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, and our eight-step procedure. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, serious adverse events and quality of life.ResultsWe included 47 randomised clinical trials enrolling 35 797 participants. All trials and outcomes were at high risk of bias. Ivabradine compared with control did not have effects when assessing all-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR] 1.04; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.13), quality of life (standardised mean differences −0.05; 95% CI −0.11 to 0.01), cardiovascular mortality (RR 1.07; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.18) and myocardial infarction (RR 1.03; 95% CI 0.91 to 1.16). Ivabradine seemed to increase the risk of serious adverse events after removal of outliers (RR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.11) as well as the following adverse events classified as serious: bradycardia, prolonged QT interval, photopsia, atrial fibrillation and hypertension. Ivabradine also increased the risk of non-serious adverse events (RR 1.13; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.16). Ivabradine might have a statistically significant effect when assessing angina frequency (mean difference (MD) 2.06; 95% CI 0.82 to 3.30) and stability (MD 1.48; 95% CI 0.07 to 2.89), but the effect sizes seemed minimal and possibly without any relevance to patients, and we identified several methodological limitations, questioning the validity of these results.ConclusionOur findings do not support that ivabradine offers significant benefits on patient important outcomes, but rather seems to increase the risk of serious adverse events such as atrial fibrillation and non-serious adverse events. Based on current evidence, guidelines need reassessment and the use of ivabradine for angina pectoris should be reconsidered.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018112082.
Syncope in pulmonary embolism: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Richmond Craig , Jolly Hannah , Isles Chris 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of syncope or collapse in pulmonary embolism (PE).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted. We examined the frequency with which syncope or collapse (presyncope) occurred alone or with other symptoms and signs in an unselected series of 224 patients presenting to a district general hospital with PE between September 2012 and March 2016. Confirmation of PE was by CT pulmonary angiogram in each case.ResultsOur cohort of 224 patients comprised 97 men and 127 women, average age 66 years with age range of 21–94 years. Syncope or collapse was one of several symptoms and signs that led to a diagnosis of PE in 22 patients (9.8%) but was never the sole presenting feature. In descending order, these other clinical features were hypoxaemia (17 patients), dyspnoea (12), chest pain (9), tachycardia (7) and tachypnoea (7). ECG abnormalities reported to occur more commonly in PE were found in 13/17 patients for whom ECGs were available. Patients with PE presenting with syncope or collapse were judged to have a large clot load in 15/22 (68%) cases.ConclusionSyncope was a frequent presenting symptom in our study of 224 consecutive patients with PE but was never the sole clinical feature. It would be difficult to justify routine testing for PE in patients presenting only with syncope or collapse.
Axial-tensor Meson family at $$T\ne 0$$
Authors: Süngü J. Y. , Türkan A. , Sertbakan E. , Veliev E. Veli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe mass and decay constants of $$\rho _2,~\omega _2$$

ρ
2

,

ω
2

and a missing member in the $$ 2^{--} $$

2

-
-

nonet along with their first excited states are analyzed by the Thermal QCD sum rules approach, including QCD condensates up to dimension five. Mass and decay constant values of these mesons are stable from $$T=0$$

T
=
0

up to $$T \cong 120 ~\mathrm {MeV}$$

T
≅
120

MeV

. However, after this threshold point, our numerical analyses indicates that they begin to diminish with increasing temperature. When we compare the hadronic parameters with their vacuum values, masses of these mesons and their first excited states decrease between (1–13%) from the PDG data and (10–26%) for the decay constants. However they diminish in the interval of (9–26%) and (2–34%) respectively with regards to Regge Trajectory Model data. We expect our numerical results will be confirmed by future heavy-ion collision experiments.