bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ApoB‐lipoprotein remnant dyslipidemia and high‐fat meal intolerance is associated with markers of cardiometabolic risk in youth with obesity
Authors: Krysa Jacqueline A. , Ball Geoff D. C. , Vine Donna F. , Jetha Mary , Proctor Spencer D. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) originates in childhood and risk is exacerbated in obesity. Mechanisms of the etiologic link between early adiposity and CVD‐risk remain unclear. Postprandial or non‐fasting dyslipidemia is characterized by elevated plasma triglycerides (TG) and intestinal‐apolipoprotein(apo)B48‐remnants following a high‐fat meal and is a known CVD‐risk factor in adults. The aim of this study was to determine (a) whether the fasting concentration of apoB48‐remnants can predict impaired non‐fasting apoB48‐lipoprotein metabolism (fat intolerance) and (b) the relationship of these biomarkers with cardiometabolic risk factors in youth with or without obesity.MethodsWe assessed fasting and non‐fasting lipids in youth without obesity (n = 22, 10 males, 12 females) and youth with obesity (n = 13, 5 males, 8 females) with a mean BMI Z‐score of 0.19 ± 0.70 and 2.25 ± 0.31 (P = .04), respectively.ResultsFasting and non‐fasting apoB48‐remnants were elevated in youth with obesity compared to youth without obesity (apoB48: 18.04 ± 1.96 vs 8.09 ± 0.59, P < .0001, and apoB48AUC: 173.0 ± 20.86 vs 61.99 ± 3.44, P < .001). Furthermore, fasting plasma apoB48‐remnants were positively correlated with the non‐fasting response in apoB48AUC (r = 0.84, P < .0001) as well as other cardiometabolic risk factors including HOMA‐IR (r = 0.61, P < .001) and leptin (r = 0.56, P < .0001).ConclusionFasting apoB48‐remnants are elevated in youth with obesity and predict apoB48 postprandial dyslipidemia. ApoB48‐remnants are associated with the extent of fat intolerance and appear to be potential biomarker of CVD‐risk in youth.
South‐South Migration: Remittances of Labour Migrants and Household Expenditures in Uzbekistan
Authors: Kakhkharov Jakhongir , Ahunov Muzaffarjon , Parpiev Ziyodullo , Wolfson Inna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigate the impact of international labour migrants’ remittances on household expenditures in Uzbekistan as an understudied case of South‐South migration. In doing so, we use instrumental variable regressions to address endogeneity caused by self‐selection bias. We find that remittance‐receiving households spend a significantly smaller part of their budgets on food and health. This finding contrasts with studies of South‐South remittances in Africa that find that households tend to spend most of their remittance incomes on food. Our estimations also provide evidence that remittance‐receiving households spend a larger part of their total expenditures on non‐food consumption. Remittances’ impact on healthcare expenditures is negative and on education expenditures is insignificant. These results support the view that remittances in this South‐South migration corridor are channelled mainly to consumer goods, limiting their contribution to economic development.
Deconfounding and Causal Regularisation for Stability and External Validity
Authors: Bühlmann Peter , Ćevid Domagoj 
Published: November 2020

SummaryWe review some recent works on removing hidden confounding and causal regularisation from a unified viewpoint. We describe how simple and user‐friendly techniques improve stability, replicability and distributional robustness in heterogeneous data. In this sense, we provide additional thoughts on the issue of concept drift, raised recently by Efron, when the data generating distribution is changing.
Influenza surveillance capacity improvements in Africa during 2011‐2017
Authors: Igboh Ledor S. , McMorrow Meredith , Tempia Stefano , Emukule Gideon O. , Talla Nzussouo Ndahwouh , McCarron Margaret , Williams Thelma , Weatherspoon Vashonia , Moen Ann , Fawzi Derrar , Njouom Richard , Nakoune Emmanuel , Dauoda Coulibaly , Kavunga‐Membo Hugo , Okeyo Mary , Heraud Jean‐Michel , Mambule Ivan Kiggundu , Sow Samba Ousmane , Tivane Almiro , Lagare Adamou , Adebayo Adedeji , Dia Ndongo , Mmbaga Vida , Maman Issaka , Lutwama Julius , Simusika Paul , Walaza Sibongile , Mangtani Punam , Nguipdop‐Djomo Patrick , Cohen Cheryl , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo ,   ANISE Network Working Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza surveillance helps time prevention and control interventions especially where complex seasonal patterns exist. We assessed influenza surveillance sustainability in Africa where influenza activity varies and external funds for surveillance have decreased.MethodsWe surveyed African Network for Influenza Surveillance and Epidemiology (ANISE) countries about 2011‐2017 surveillance system characteristics. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics and analyzed with univariate and multivariable analyses to quantify sustained or expanded influenza surveillance capacity in Africa.ResultsEighteen (75%) of 24 ANISE members participated in the survey; their cumulative population of 710 751 471 represent 56% of Africa's total population. All 18 countries scored a mean 95% on WHO laboratory quality assurance panels. The number of samples collected from severe acute respiratory infection case‐patients remained consistent between 2011 and 2017 (13 823 vs 13 674 respectively) but decreased by 12% for influenza‐like illness case‐patients (16 210 vs 14 477). Nine (50%) gained capacity to lineage‐type influenza B. The number of countries reporting each week to WHO FluNet increased from 15 (83%) in 2011 to 17 (94%) in 2017.ConclusionsDespite declines in external surveillance funding, ANISE countries gained additional laboratory testing capacity and continued influenza testing and reporting to WHO. These gains represent important achievements toward sustainable surveillance and epidemic/pandemic preparedness.
[Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e−) are directly and quickly synthesized by self‐reduction of C12H10Ca3O14 + Al2O3 without any reducing agent
Authors: Xiao Yixin , Zhang Xin , Li Rongrong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractC12H10Ca3O14 + Al2O3 powders are used as precursors, and the dense [Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e−) (C12A7:e−) ceramic block with high electron density is quickly synthesized in one step under a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process with a temperature of 1000°C and a time of 5 minutes. The microstructure and composition analysis results show that the synthesized C12A7:e− is dense (99.7%), has no defects, and no impurities are introduced. The electronic structure analysis results show that the electron concentration of the sample is 2 × 1021 cm−3. This method realizes the self‐reduction of the sample through the CO gas generated during the sintering process, avoids the introduction of impurities, and dramatically simplifies the process. These results provide a potential path for the rapid fabrication of a large number of C12A7:e− with high electron concentration and provide a basis for its practical applications such as cold cathode fluorescent lamp and catalyst carrier.
Hybridized oxyfluoride photonic glasses for radiation detection
Authors: Tang Junzhou , Du Guanxin , Wen Shaofei , Lv Shichao , Lan Bijiao , Shi Zhenguo , Fang Xuequan , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractScintillating glasses are useful for radiation detection because of the attractive advantages such as low cost, ability to be machined into complex shapes, and easy fabrication into fibers or fiber arrays. However, the scintillating efficiency is still required to be further improved. Here, we report that the fluorine hybridization may notably promote scintillating performance. The thorough studies on a wide range of glass‐forming region show that the hybridized oxyfluoride systems exhibit much bright scintillating emission which is ~4 times as high as the commercial oxide candidate. The constructed material candidates also show high‐radiation hardness and no obvious radiation‐induced degradation is observed. Furthermore, the scintillating emission intensity and dose rate follows the excellent linear relation, indicating the potential application for radiation monitoring.
Crystal structures and electrical properties of Sr/Fe‐modified KNbO3 ferroelectric semiconductors with narrow bandgap
Authors: Tang Wenbin , Zhang Yujie , Yuan Changlai , Liu Xiao , Zhu Baohua , Meng Liufang , Zhou Changrong , Liu Fei , Xu Jiwen , Wang Jiang , Rao Guanghui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the process of exploring ferroelectric semiconductors, a new system of (1−x) KNbO3–xSrFeO3−δ (x = 0.00‐0.20) was successfully synthesized via solid‐state reaction. The crystal structures, ferroelectric, dielectric, optical, and electrical properties were systematically characterized. The orthorhombic phase with Amm2 space group is detected in all the ceramics. In addition, the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases coexist in 0.80KNbO3‐0.20SrFeO3‐δ ceramic. The decrease in oxygen octahedron distortion induces a weak ferroelectric polarization. The existence of long‐range ferroelectric polarization order in all the ceramics is verified and the bandgap of the ceramics can be tuned to ~2.18 eV. The improved short‐circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) and open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of the poled 0.95KNbO3‐0.05SrFeO3−δ ceramic at 30 kV/cm are ~6.90 nA/cm2 and 0.04 V, respectively. The activation energies for electrical conductivity of the grains and grain boundaries from 0.90KN–0.10SF ceramic are 0.67 and 0.77 eV, respectively, which indicate the doubly ionized oxygen vacancies. This work provides a new way to tune the optical bandgap/ferroelectric properties of KNbO3‐based ceramics for potential application in ferroelectric photovoltaic and energy fields.
The EU's International Investment Policy ten years on: the Policy‐Making Implications of Unintended Competence Transfers
Authors: Basedow Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon empowered the EU to pursue an international investment policy and to conclude international investment agreements. The EU's first steps in this policy domain have attracted considerable public attention. Analysts depict competing societal interests as the main forces shaping EU policy in this domain. This article scrutinizes this widespread perception. It argues that competence struggles between the European Institutions and Member States, which still echo broad Member State opposition against the initial decision to empower the EU in this domain during the drafting of the Lisbon Treaty, play a similarly important role in shaping EU international investment policy. This article enhances our understanding of EU policy‐making in a highly salient policy domain and theoretically contributes to research on European Integration in that it shows that it matters for policy‐making ‘how’ the EU received an underlying competence.
A comparative analysis of the photoprotection hypothesis for the evolution of autumn colours
Authors: Pena‐Novas Ines , Archetti Marco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe adaptive value of autumn colours—the seasonal production of red anthocyanins observed in many species of trees and shrubs—is still debated. According to the photoprotection hypothesis, anthocyanins protect leaves from photo‐inhibition and photo‐oxidation at low temperatures, enabling the tree to reabsorb nutrients more efficiently before leaf fall. Hence, the hypothesis predicts that autumn colours are more likely to evolve in species growing in colder environments. We tested this prediction by comparing the climatic parameters of 237 North American tree species. We found that, although species with yellow autumn leaves grow under lower minimum temperatures than species with green leaves, there is no significant difference in temperature between species with red autumn leaves and species with green or yellow autumn leaves. We conclude that, although reabsorbing chlorophyll in autumn, and the consequent unmasking of yellow carotenoids, may be an adaptation to cold temperatures, the production of red anthocyanins is not. Hence, our interspecific comparative analysis does not support the photoprotection hypothesis as an explanation for the evolution of autumn colours.
Biliary cast syndrome after liver transplantation: A cholangiographic evolution study
Authors: Lemmers Arnaud , Pezzullo Martina , Hadefi Alia , Dept Séverine , Germanova Desislava , Gustot Thierry , Degré Delphine , Boon Nathalie , Moreno Christophe , Blero Daniel , Arvanitakis Marianna , Delhaye Myriam , Vandermeeren Alain , Njimi Hassan , Devière Jacques , Le Moine Olivier , Lucidi Valerio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe aim of this study is to describe the cholangiographic features and endoscopic management of biliary cast syndrome (BCS), a rare specific ischemic cholangiopathy following liver transplantation.MethodsPatients with biliary complications were identified from prospectively collected database records of patients who underwent liver transplantation at the Erasme Hospital from January 2005 to December 2014. After excluding patients with hepatico‐jejunostomy or no suspicion of stricture, cholangiograms obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and magnetic resonance imaging were systematically reviewed. Biliary complications were categorized as anastomotic (AS) and non‐AS strictures, and patients with BCS were identified. Clinical, radiological, and endoscopic data were reviewed.ResultsOut of 311 liver transplantations, 14 cases were identified with BCS (4.5%) and treated with ERCP. Intraductal hyperintense signal on T1‐weighted magnetic resonance and a “duct‐in‐a‐duct” image were the most frequent features of BCS on magnetic resonance imaging. On initial ERCP, 57% of patients had no stricture. Complete cast extraction was achieved in 12/14, and one of these had cast recurrence. On follow‐up, 85% of the patients developed biliary strictures that were treated with multiple plastic stents reaching 60% complete stricture resolution, but 40% of them had recurrence. After a median follow‐up of 58 months, BCS patients had lower overall and graft survival (42.9% and 42.9%) compared with non‐AS (68.8% and 56.3%) and AS (83.3% and 80.6%), respectively.ConclusionsParticular magnetic resonance‐cholangiographic and ERCP‐cholangiographic features of BCS have been identified. Outcomes for BCS are characterized by high complete cast extraction rates, high incidence of secondary strictures, and poorer prognosis.
Digestive system manifestations and clinical significance of coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic literature review
Authors: Ye Lei , Yang Zhao , Liu Jiong , Liao Lianming , Wang Fangyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimA worldwide outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has drawn global attention. Several reports have described the gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations in the infected patients. The systematic review was designed to highlight the gaps in our knowledge about the prevalence and clinical significance of GI symptoms in patients with COVID‐19.MethodsWe searched PubMed database and Google articles published in both English and Chinese up to June 3, 2020, using search terms “clinical features,” “2019 novel coronavirus,” “2019‐nCoV,” “COVID‐19,” or “SARS‐Cov‐2.” Observational studies, case reports, or letters describing the clinical features or observational studies regarding the detection and/or isolation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viruses in stools were included.ResultsA total of 22 publications were finally selected. It was reported that GI symptoms occurred in about 3–40.7% of patients. GI manifestations included nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, belching, abdominal distension, and GI hemorrhage. Diarrhea was the most common GI symptom. Infected patients had various degrees of liver dysfunction, and the severity of liver dysfunction was significantly associated with the severity of the disease. Therapy focusing on digestive system like liver supportive therapy or nutrition support or probiotics has been demonstrated to be effective interventions, which greatly improve prognosis. Fecal–oral transmission route is a potential risk for transmission.ConclusionsGI symptoms are common in COVID‐19. Strengthening the recognition on abnormalities in digestive system of patients with COVID‐19 is crucial for early identification and timely treatment, especially for those atypical patients. Hygiene protection and keeping the drainpipe free flowing are necessary for everyone.
Beyond Social Constructionism? Cicourel and the Search for Ecological Validity
Authors: NELKEN DAVID 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article is a contribution to the occasional series dealing with a major book that has influenced the author. Previous contributors include Stewart Macaulay, John Griffith, William Twining, Carol Harlow, Geoffrey Bindman, Harry Arthurs, André‐Jean Arnaud, Alan Hunt, Michael Adler, Lawrence O. Gostin, John P. Heinz, Roger Brownsword, Roger Cotterrell, Nicola Lacey, Carol J. Greenhouse, David Garland, and Peter Fitzpatrick.
Mandibular border movements: The two envelopes of motion
Authors: Chuhuaicura Priscila , Lezcano María Florencia , Dias Fernando José , Fuentes Aler Daniel , Arias Alain , Fuentes Ramón 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe envelope of motion is a diagrammatic representation of the mandibular border movements. Classically, those movements are carried out eccentrically; starting from the position of maximal intercuspation, the mandible describes an excursion movement until reaching maximal mouth opening. Reverse movements would describe a different path, but up to now concentric development of mandibular border movements has not been considered. Literature states that beyond mandibular border movements limits, no movement is possible. Therefore, it is of great interest to compare both paths—both envelopes of motion—and define the actual limits of mandibular movement.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the geometric characteristics of mandibular border movements carried out eccentrically and concentrically by healthy subjects.MethodsSixteen individuals aged between 18 and 27 years, molar class I and with no temporomandibular disorders, participated in the study. Eccentric and concentric mandibular movements were recorded using a 3D electromagnetic articulograph. Data were processed with computational scripts developed in MATLAB. Maximum mouth opening, trajectories, displacement ranges, polygon areas and chewing cycle area/ mandibular border movements area ratio were analysed.ResultsThe frontal plane showed significant differences in all the parameters evaluated. Higher values were registered in the concentric area of the border movement envelope (P = .008) and in the trajectories on both sides. Statistical differences were observed in polygon areas (P = .006) in the sagittal plane and right ranges (P = .046) in the horizontal plane.ConclusionConcentric mandibular movements revealed significant differences in three‐dimensional trajectories in the frontal plane.
Histopathologic grading and its relationship with outcome in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Silva Luiz Arthur Barbosa da , Lopes Maria Luiza Diniz de Sousa , Sá Melka Coelho , de Almeida Freitas Roseana , Coletta Ricardo Della , da Silveira Ericka Janine Dantas , da Costa Miguel Márcia Cristina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHistopathologic grading has been routinely used as a complement for clinical staging in the prognostication of patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). However, this subject remains contentious because there is no universally accepted grading system.ObjectivesThis study compared the prognostic significance of four histopathologic grading systems in 80 cases of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).MethodsClinical and follow‐up information of the patients were obtained from medical records. Histopathologic malignancy grading of the tumor invasive front, Histologic risk assessment (HRA), World Health Organization (WHO) grading system, and Budding and Depth of invasion (BD) model were evaluated in the surgical specimens.ResultsThe HRA, histopathologic malignancy grading and WHO systems did not predict survival. Patients with larger tumor size [Hazard ratio (HR): 2.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07‐5.27; P = 0.026] and patients with BD model high‐grade tumors (HR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.03‐8.68; P = 0.034) were significantly associated with a poor 5‐year overall survival rate. In the multivariate analysis, tumor size was identified as the only significant independent prognostic factor (HR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.00‐4.99; P = 0.050). None of the grading systems studied was associated with 5‐year disease‐free survival rates.ConclusionsBD model was the only histopathologic grading system associated with the outcome of patients with OTSCC, indicating its potential value as an effective tool for the prognostication of OTSCC.
Dysplasia and DNA ploidy to prognosticate clinical outcome in oral potentially malignant disorders
Authors: Sathasivam Hans Prakash , Nayar Deepa , Sloan Philip , Thomson Peter J. , Odell Edward W. , Robinson Max 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundOral potentially malignant disorders are a clinical conundrum as there are no reliable methods to predict their behaviour. We combine conventional oral epithelial dysplasia grading with DNA ploidy analysis to examine the validity of this approach to risk assessment in a cohort of patients with known clinical outcomes.MethodsSections from diagnostic biopsies were assessed for oral epithelial dysplasia using the WHO grading system, and DNA ploidy analysis was performed using established methods. Patients reviewed for a minimum of 5 years who did not develop oral squamous cell carcinoma were classified as “non‐transforming” cases. Patients that developed oral squamous cell carcinoma ≥ 6 months after the initial diagnostic biopsy were classified as having “malignant transformation.”ResultsNinety cases were included in the study. Seventy cases yielded informative DNA ploidy results. Of these 70 cases, 31 progressed to cancer. Oral epithelial dysplasia grading and DNA ploidy status were both significantly associated with clinical outcome (P < 0.05). Severe dysplasia had a hazard ratio of 3.50 (CI: 1.46, 8.45; P = 0.005) compared to cases with mild dysplasia. Aneuploidy had a hazard ratio of 2.09 (CI: 1.01, 4.32; P = 0.046) compared to cases with a diploid/tetraploid status. Receiver operating characteristic analysis gave an area under the curve of 0.617 for DNA ploidy status and 0.688 when DNA ploidy status was combined with dysplasia grading.ConclusionOur findings suggest that combining dysplasia grading with DNA ploidy status has clinical utility which could be used to develop novel management algorithms.