bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spotlight on insects: trends, threats and conservation challenges
Authors: Didham Raphael K. , Barbero Francesca , Collins C. Matilda , Forister Matthew L. , Hassall Christopher , Leather Simon R. , Packer Laurence , Saunders Manu E. , Stewart Alan J. A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
There is mounting concern over the conservation status and long‐term trends in insect populations. Many insect populations have been reported to be falling and many species are threatened with extinction. While this is true, the evidence does not support unqualified statements of ‘global insect decline’. Global environmental change does not affect all species equally, and there are clear winners as well as losers from anthropogenic impacts.
In this special issue of Insect Conservation and Diversity, we draw together articles that (i) identify key challenges in robust inference about insect population trends, (ii) present new empirical evidence for declines (and increases) in insect populations, spanning whole communities down to single species, in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and (iii) address the interacting drivers of population change, from empirical studies of environmental correlates, to experimental manipulation of driving mechanisms.
We argue that the way forward for insect conservation includes more nuanced language and approaches when communicating ecological evidence to peer and public audiences, beyond just a simplistic focus on the insect decline narrative. This will require an expanded portfolio of approaches to promote the value of insects to society, which in turn, should reinforce the social licence to prioritise insect conservation research. This should help us to deliver the rigorous science necessary to document ongoing trends and understand the drivers and mechanisms of population change. Only then will we be able to mitigate or reverse declining populations.
T‐cells producing multiple combinations of IFNγ, TNF and IL10 are associated with mild forms of dengue infection
Authors: Gonçalves Pereira Marcela Helena , Figueiredo Maria Marta , Queiroz Camila Pereira , Magalhães Télcia Vasconcelos Barros , Mafra Adriana , Diniz Lilian Martins Oliveira , da Costa Último Libânio , Gollob Kenneth J. , Antonelli Lis Ribeiro do Valle , Santiago Helton da Costa 
Published: March 2020

SummaryMultifunctional interleukin 10 (IL10)+Th1 cells have been implicated in favorable evolution of many infectious diseases, promoting an efficacious immune response while limiting immunopathology. Here, we investigated the presence of multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells that expressed interferon gamma (IFNγ), IL10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or its combinations during dengue infection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from outpatients with dengue (mild dengue forms) and hospitalized patients (or patients with dengue with warning signs and severe dengue) were cultured in the presence of envelope (ENV) or NS3 peptide libraries of DENV during critical (hospitalization period) and convalescence phases. The production of IFNγ, IL10 and TNF by CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Our data show that patients with mild dengue, when compared with patients with dengue with warning signs and severe dengue, presented higher frequencies of multifunctional T‐cells like NS3‐specific IFNγ/IL10‐producing CD4+ T‐cells in critical phase and NS3‐ and ENV‐specific CD8+ T‐cells producing IFNγ/IL10. In addition, NS3‐specific CD8+ T‐cells producing high levels of IFNγ/TNF and IFNγ/TNF/IL10 were also observed in the mild dengue group. We observed that multifunctional T‐cells produced higher levels of cytokines as measured by intracellular content when compared with single producer T‐cells. Importantly, multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells producing IFNγ, TNF and IL10 simultaneously displayed positive correlation with platelet levels, suggesting a protective role of this population. The presence of IL10+Th1 and IL10+Tc1 multifunctional cells was associated with mild dengue presentation, suggesting that these cells play a role in clinical evolution of dengue infection.
Interventions to improve nurses' job satisfaction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Niskala Jenni , Kanste Outi , Tomietto Marco , Miettunen Jouko , Tuomikoski Anna‐Maria , Kyngäs Helvi , Mikkonen Kristina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo identify current best evidence on the types of interventions that have been developed to improve job satisfaction among nurses and on the effectiveness of these interventions.DesignThe systematic review is a quantitative systematic review and meta‐analysis following a profile‐likelihood random‐effects model.Data SourcesCINAHL, Medic, and Pubmed (Medline).Review MethodsPICOS eligibility criteria were used to select original studies published between 2003–2019. The articles were screened by title (N = 489), abstract (N = 61), and full‐text (N = 47). A total of 20 articles remained after the full‐text screening process and further assess on risk of bias. The screening process was conducted by two authors independently and finally agreed together. A meta‐analysis was performed to determine how the identified interventions influence nurses' job satisfaction.ResultsThe interventions were primarily educational and consisted of workshops, educational sessions, lessons, and training sessions. The postintervention differences between intervention and control groups in meta‐analysis revealed that two interventions significantly improved nurses' job satisfaction. Notably, the spiritual intelligence training protocol and Professional Identity Development Program were found to be effective in improving job satisfaction.ConclusionHealthcare organizations and managers should consider implementing effective interventions to improve nurses' job satisfaction and reduce turnover. The results reported in this study highlight that nurse managers should focus on organizational strategies that will foster the intrinsic motivation of employees.ImpactThe current nursing shortage and increased turnover intentions are proving to be a global problem. For this reason, it is imperative that nurse managers plan strategies to improve nurses´ job satisfaction. The effective interventions detected in this study are a first step for developing human resource strategies for healthcare organizations. These findings propose that extrinsic factors (e.g., salary and rewards) will never be as effective in maintaining job satisfaction as intrinsic factors (e.g., spiritual intelligence, professional identity, and awareness).
Evidence for Rapoport’s rule and latitudinal patterns in the global distribution and diversity of alien bird species
Authors: Dyer Ellie E. , Redding David W. , Cassey Phillip , Collen Ben , Blackburn Tim M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo quantify global latitudinal patterns in the distributions of alien bird species to assess whether these species conform to Rapoport's rule (i.e. show a positive latitudinal gradient in latitudinal range extent), and to test whether where species are introduced, and where species fail to establish, may help to drive observed patterns.LocationGlobal.TaxonBirds (group Aves).MethodsData on locations of introduction and establishment for 355 species with established alien populations were combined with data on native range extents (measured in 5° bands of latitude). Relationships between (a) latitude and introduced and established alien species richness, and (b) latitude and introduced and established alien range extent, were plotted. Linear regressions and paired t‐tests were used to compare latitudinal range extents, midpoints, and limits of each species in its introduced alien range, established alien range and native range.ResultsLatitudes that have more established alien bird species also have had more species introduced in total. The mean total latitudinal extents (i.e. geographic range size) of established alien bird species increase with latitude poleward of the tropics, consistent with Rapoport's rule, but are smaller in the tropics. This pattern is weaker in the range sizes of native bird species. Alien bird species are more likely to be introduced within the latitudinal confines of their native ranges, and are more likely to contract away from the more extreme latitudes to which they were introduced. Alien bird species are in general more likely to have established populations nearer the equator.Main conclusionsIncluding data on locations of introduction in addition to established distributions enables us to determine the extent to which large‐scale alien species distributions are determined by anthropogenic or natural processes. Latitudinal patterns in range extent (Rapoport's rule) and species richness in alien birds are largely a consequence of where species have been introduced, and hence are unlikely to be informative of equivalent patterns in native species.
Preservice and inservice teachers' pedagogical reasoning underlying their most‐valued technology‐supported instructional activities
Authors: Hughes Joan E. , Cheah Yin Hong , Shi Yi , Hsiao Kuei‐Hui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe examined teachers' pedagogical reasoning for and the technological knowledge underlying their most‐valued technology‐supported activities for teaching and learning. Data from 140 preservice and 100 inservice teachers included open‐ended, narrative responses to survey questions. Qualitative research methods guided analysis of the data that identified (a) the technology‐supported activities and (b) the technical tools, target users, types of uses, rationales for use, and the TPACK underlying each activity. Preservice teachers described mostly teacher‐focused and fewer student‐focused techno‐activities, and their reasoning for use focused on the technology's presentational and engagement effects. A majority of inservice teachers' techno‐activities were student‐focused, and their reasoning highlighted the technology's support for knowledge acquisition of higher‐order cognitive skills and collaborative learning. The knowledge underlying all teachers' techno‐activities was predominantly technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), but inservice teachers also evidenced technological content knowledge (TCK). These results may reveal differences in the teachers' respective learning experiences in teacher education and professional development or reflect a professional maturation process in that it takes teachers time in the field as professionals to broaden their techno‐activity repertoires to prioritize student‐focus. Sharing the reasoning patterns in this study with teachers may assist them in developing deeper justifications for their technological work in the classroom.
Potent USP10/13 antagonist spautin‐1 suppresses melanoma growth via ROS‐mediated DNA damage and exhibits synergy with cisplatin
Authors: Guo Jia , Zhang JiangLing , Liang Long , Liu Nian , Qi Min , Zhao Shuang , Su Juan , Liu Jing , Peng Cong , Chen Xiang , Liu Hong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMalignant melanoma is one of the most invasive tumours. However, effective therapeutic strategies are limited, and overall survival rates remain low. By utilizing transcriptomic profiling, tissue array and molecular biology, we revealed that two key ubiquitin‐specific proteases (USPs), ubiquitin‐specific peptidase10 (USP10) and ubiquitin‐specific peptidase10 (USP13), were significantly elevated in melanoma at the mRNA and protein levels. Spautin‐1 has been reported as a USP10 and USP13 antagonist, and we demonstrated that spautin‐1 has potent anti‐tumour effects as reflected by MTS and the colony formation assays in various melanoma cell lines without cytotoxic effects in HaCaT and JB6 cell lines. Mechanistically, we identified apoptosis and ROS‐mediated DNA damage as critical mechanisms underlying the spautin‐1‐mediated anti‐tumour effect by utilizing transcriptomics, qRT‐PCR validation, flow cytometry, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Importantly, by screening spautin‐1 with targeted or chemotherapeutic drugs, we showed that spautin‐1 exhibited synergy with cisplatin in the treatment of melanoma. Pre‐clinically, we demonstrated that spautin‐1 significantly attenuated tumour growth in a cell line‐derived xenograft mouse model, and its anti‐tumour effect was further enhanced by cotreatment with cisplatin. Taken together, our study revealed a novel molecular mechanism of spautin‐1 effecting in melanoma and identified a potential therapeutic strategy in treatment of melanoma patients.
Pancreatic fat accumulation evaluated by multidetector computed tomography in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Fukase Ayako , Fukui Tomoyasu , Sasamori Hiroto , Hiromura Munenori , Terasaki Michishige , Mori Yusaku , Hayashi Toshiyuki , Yamamoto Takeshi , Ohara Makoto , Goto Satoshi , Nagaike Hiroe , Hirano Tsutomu , Yamagishi Sho‐ichi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo clarify the clinical impact of pancreatic fat volume on beta cell function in type 2 diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsOne hundred thirty two consecutive type 2 diabetic patients (mean age, 63.7 years) were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Total pancreatic volume (TPV), pancreatic fat volume (PFV), and pancreatic parenchymal volume (PPV), and visceral fat volume were examined quantitatively with multidetector computed tomography using SYNAPSE VINCENT image analysis system (Fujifilm Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Pancreatic fat was identified using Hounsfield Units of less than zero. The capacity of insulin secretion was assessed by C‐peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) index (100 × fasting CPR/fasting plasma glucose). Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using CPR‐insulin resistance (20/fasting CPR × fasting plasma glucose).ResultsTPV, PFV, PPV, and visceral fat volume were significantly correlated with body weight (BW). PPV/BW, but not PFV/BW, significantly decreased with increasing duration of diabetes and aging. PFV/BW was positively associated with body mass index and visceral fat volume/BW. PFV/BW was significantly correlated with CPR index, while inversely associated with insulin sensitivity. CPR index, but not CPRinsulin resistance was progressively decreased in patients with a longer duration of diabetes. When patients were divided into two groups according to a median PFV/BW value, CPR index in high PFV/BW group with diabetes duration >5 years was significantly lower than those ≤5 years. However, duration‐dependent decrease in CPR index was not observed in low PFV/BW group.ConclusionsOur present study suggests that PFV might predict the progression of beta cell dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topical rapamycin versus betamethasone dipropionate ointment for treating oral erosive lichen planus: a randomized, double‐blind, controlled study
Authors: Samimi M. , Le Gouge A. , Boralevi F. , Passeron T. , Pascal F. , Bernard P. , Agbo‐Godeau S , Leducq S. , Fricain JC , Vaillant L. , Francès C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough superpotent topical corticosteroids are the first‐line treatment for oral erosive lichen planus (OELP), topical rapamycin was found efficient in a previous case series.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of topical rapamycin and betamethasone dipropionate ointment for OELP in a randomized, double‐blind trial.MethodsPatients were randomized to receive treatment with betamethasone dipropionate ointment 0.05% in Orabase® or topical rapamycin solution (1 mg/mL) on lesions twice daily for 3 months, followed by 3 months of observation. The primary outcome was clinical remission after 3 months of treatment. Secondary outcomes were clinical remission after 1 and 2 months, reduced oral pain and reduced impact on food intake after 3 months, clinical recurrence after treatment withdrawal, and adverse events.ResultsDuring a 4‐year period, 76 patients were randomized and 75 received treatment (rapamycin, n = 39; betamethasone, n = 36). At 3 months, 39.4% of patients with betamethasone and 27.3% with rapamycin showed clinical remission (odds ratio 0.68, 95% CI [0.24; 1.89]; P = 0.46). Rates of remission after 1 and 2 months, reduction in pain and impact on food intake after 3 months, were higher with betamethasone than rapamycin. Recurrence of oral erosions was similar between groups. Adverse events occurred in 43.6% of patients with rapamycin (mostly burning sensation, impaired taste) and 27.8% with betamethasone (mostly oral candidiasis).ConclusionAlthough the study was limited by insufficient recruitment, we did not find any superiority of topical rapamycin over betamethasone dipropionate ointment for OELP. Given the rapid remission and pain improvement in the betamethasone group, it appears that superpotent topical corticosteroids should remain the first‐line treatment for OELP.
The role of head shape and trophic variation in the diversification of the genus Herichthys in sympatry and allopatry
Authors: Pérez‐Miranda Fabian , Mejía Omar , González‐Díaz Alfonso A. , Martínez‐Méndez Norberto , Soto‐Galera Eduardo , Zúñiga Gerardo , Říčan Oldrich 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present study we evaluated the putative cases of sympatric speciation in the genus Herichthys by studying the variation in head shape using principal component analysis, phylomorphospace and reconstructions of the ancestral states of feeding preferences. Herichthys includes both allopatric and sympatric sister species, as well as sympatric unrelated species and thus offers great potential for evolutionary studies of putatively sympatric speciation. Herichthys is the northernmost group of cichlids in America and one of the most ecologically disparate genera within Middle American cichlids. Fifteen anatomical points were recorded on the heads of 293 specimens of the 11 species recognized within the genus. The results show that in spite of having wide variation in consumed diets, most species of Herichthys are close in morphospace. However, morphological variation was great among the two pairs of sympatric sister species in agreement with the suggested sympatric model of speciation.
Anadromy and marine habitat use of Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from the central Canadian Arctic
Authors: Harris Les N. , Swanson Heidi K. , Gilbert Matthew J.H. , Malley Brendan K. , Fisk Aaron T. , Moore Jean‐Sébastien 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnadromy was documented in 16 lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, from Canada's central Arctic using capture data and otolith microchemistry. For the first time, estuarine/marine habitat use was described for five individuals using acoustic telemetry. Age‐at‐first‐migration to sea was variable (10–39 years) among individuals and most S. namaycush undertook multiple anadromous migrations within their lifetime. Telemetry data suggested that S. namaycush do not travel far into marine habitats and prefer surface waters (<2 m). These results further our collective understanding of the marine ecology of Arctic S. namaycush.
Regulation of lipid‐induced macrophage polarization through modulating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma activity affects hepatic lipid metabolism via a Toll‐like receptor 4/NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Hui‐Min , Ni Xi‐Xi , Xu Qin‐Yu , Wang Qi , Li Xiao‐Yun , Hua Jing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimChronic inflammation links closely to insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Macrophage M1 activation plays an important role in the initiation and continuing of pro‐inflammatory response of NAFLD. Our study was to investigate whether macrophage M1/M2 polarization switching would affect hepatic inflammation and lipid metabolism through modulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPAR‐γ) activity in vivo and in vitro.MethodsRAW264.7 macrophages were treated with different fatty acids, and cell culture supernatants were collected to prepare conditioned media (CM). Different co‐culture systems between primary hepatocytes and CM from macrophages were established. A PPAR‐γ agonist or antagonist was administered to regulate PPAR‐γ activity and macrophage polarization. M1/M2 phenotype markers, inflammatory signaling pathway, and lipid‐related genes expression were determined. Wild‐type C57BL/6 mice were fed a high‐fat diet to induce NAFLD and given rosiglitazone to regulate PPAR‐γ activity in vivo.ResultsSaturated fatty acids induced M1‐polarized macrophages while polyunsaturated fatty acids induced M2‐polarized macrophages. M1‐polarized macrophages significantly promoted lipid synthesis and accumulation in primary hepatocytes through upregulation of a toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF‐κB signaling pathway. The PPAR‐γ agonist made lipid‐induced M1‐polarized macrophages switch to an M2‐predominant phenotype, while PPAR‐γ antagonist had the opposite effect. Macrophage polarization shifting subsequently affected lipid metabolism in primary hepatocytes. Administration of rosiglitazone improved high‐fat diet induced hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolism through reducing hepatic TLR4/NF‐κB expression and M1‐polarized Kupffer cells.ConclusionsLipid‐induced macrophage M1 polarization promoted hepatic lipid metabolism. Modulation of PPAR‐γ activity could shift macrophage polarization and subsequently affect lipid metabolism. Upregulation of the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway is closely linked to dysregulated lipid metabolism in NAFLD.
Is a ‘healthy diet’ and a ‘calcium‐rich diet’ the same thing? Qualitative study examining perceptions of a calcium‐rich diet in individuals who have received bone health education
Authors: Yu W. W. , Linton D. , Porteous J. , Eatson H. , Jain R. , Sale J. E. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the present study, we aimed to (i) examine perceptions of achieving calcium and vitamin D recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and (ii) determine how participants talked about food in relation to RDA recommendations.MethodsParticipants aged ≥50 years who were prescribed osteoporosis medication and received two modes of bone health education were eligible. Relying on a qualitative description design, we interviewed participants 1 month after they had attended an education session and received a self‐management booklet. Calcium and vitamin D intakes were estimated by in‐depth questions about diet and supplements and compared with perceptions of achieved RDA levels. Interview transcripts were analysed based on an analytic hierarchical process.ResultsForty‐five participants (29 reporting previous fragility fractures) were included. Calcium and vitamin D RDA appeared to be potentially achieved by 64% and 93% of participants, respectively, primarily because of reliance on supplements. Few participants talked about vitamin D in relation to food intake and 49% of participants were unclear about the calcium content of food. Most considered that a healthy diet was equivalent to a calcium‐rich diet. We noted no differences in our findings in the subset of individuals with fragility fractures.ConclusionsDespite reporting a prescription for osteoporosis medication and receiving bone health education, a substantial number of individuals appeared to have sub‐optimal calcium levels. This may be attributed to the challenge of achieving RDA with diet alone and the misconception of a healthy diet as a calcium‐rich diet.