bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Analysis of Diplazium esculentum Reveals the Presence of Medically Important Components
Authors: Naik Bindu , Maurya Vinay K. , Kumar Vijay , Kumar Vivek , Upadhyay Sweta , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Diplazium esculentum is found throughout Asia growing along with water
channels and is used for many purposes. In India, the rhizomes are used to control insects and pests
while the young fronds are used as a vegetable and salad. But very few reports on phytochemicals of
young fronds and its anti-oxidant activity is available.

Objective:
The present study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical
analysis of D. esculentum.

Methods:
Proximate analysis was done according to the standard protocol while antioxodant and antimicrobial
activity was performed by DDPH. and well diffusion method respectivity. Phytochemical
analysis was performed by GC-MS.

Results:
The present study revealed that the young fronds of D. esculentum contain high amount of
carbohydrate followed by protein, crude fibre, and fat. The free radical scavenging activity of methanolic
extract was 87.93 ± 0.3% reduction, which shows it have potential antioxidant activity. The antioxidant
property may be contributed by the presence of phytochemicals such as Phosphoric acid,
phytol, 2,6,10-Trimethyl,14 ethylene-14-pentadecene, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, Pentadecanoic
acid, Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol, acetate, (3.beta.). It showed promising antimicrobial activity against
S. aureus and B. subtilis. The antimicrobial activity may be due to the presence of Phytochemicals
such as beta-Ocimene, 2,6,10-Trimethyl,14 ethylene-14-pentadecene, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,
BIS(2-Methylpropyl)ester, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 1-Heneicosanol, Phytol, 5,8,11,14-
Eicosatetraenoic acid, methyl ester(all Z), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta),
Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol, acetate, (3.beta.), stigmast-5-EN-3-OL, (3.beta).

Conclusion:
From the present study, it can be deduced that D. Esculentum is a rich source of
medically important phytochemicals. Further work is required, so that these phytochemicals can be
explored in the management of various chronic diseases.
Radiation Sterilization of Antibiotics in Solid State
Authors: Kilińska Karolina , Zalewski Przemysław 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Radiation sterilization is a promising method of obtaining sterile active
pharmaceutical ingredients (API), excipients and formulations. One of the best methods of sterilization
is to use ionizing radiation. The greatest advantage of ionizing radiation is the fact that it
can be conducted at room temperature or lower. Therefore, this procedure of sterilization is reserved
for drugs sensitive to the high temperature of autoclaving. Solutions of parenterally administered
antibiotics must be absolutely aseptic. Most of the antibiotics are susceptible to degradation
at increased temperature and humidity, so radiation is often used to obtain sterile bactericidal
drugs.

Methods:
The available literature and published papers related to radiation sterilization as well as
other sterilization methods were collected, analyzed, and reviewed to provide the comprehensive
information about the radiation sterilization of antibiotics. The review was critically evaluated
and concluded, emphasizing future perspectives for radiation sterilization of antibiotics.

Results:
The review presented the basic principles, merits, and demerits of radiation sterilization
in pharmaceutical samples. Further, the review highlighted the updated summary of the recent
advances in terms of the latest regulations and recommendations for radiation sterilization.

Conclusion:
Radiation sterilization has a promising future in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.
This approach is compatible with various types of material, is easy to control, does not increase
the temperature of the process, and from the business point of view - can help to save
money and time during manufacturing solid dosage forms of medicines. From the pharmaceutical
sense, fully effective sterilization in the terminal step - finished packed product - is the most important
advantage of radiation sterilization.
Applications of Two Dimensional Material-MXene for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) and Water Electrolysis
Authors: Fan Chanchan , Zhang Peng , Wang Ranran , Xu Yezhu , Sun Xingrui , Zhang Jian , Cheng Jigui , Xu Chenxi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
A new kind of two-dimensional (2D) material MXene (early transition metal carbides,
nitrides and carbonitrides) is obtained by selective etching the A element from the MAX phases.
MXene exhibits both the metallic conductivity and the hydrophilic nature due to its metal layer structure
and hydroxyl or oxygen terminated surfaces. This review provides an overview of the MXene
used in the electrolytes and electrodes for the fuel cells and water splitting. MXene with functional
groups termination could construct ion channels that significantly benefit ion conductivity through
the electrolyte. The metal supported by MXene interaction offers electronic, compositional, and
geometric effects that could enhance the catalytic activity and stability. MXene has already shown
promising performance for fuel cells and water electrolysis. Herein, the etching and intercalation
methods of MXene in recent years are summarized. The applications of MXene for fuel cells electrolyte,
catalyst and water splitting catalyst are revealed to provide a more brief idea for MXene used as
new energy materials.
Bioconjugation of Bacteriophage Pf1 and Extension to Pf1-Based Bionanomaterials
Authors: Urquhart Taylor , Howie Bradley , Zhang Lei , Leung Kam Tong , Honek John F. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Filamentous bacteriophages such as M13 are an important class of macromolecular
assembly, rich in chemical moieties that can be used to impart modifiable positions at the
nanoscale.

Objective:
To explore the structurally more complex Pf1 bacteriophage with respect to a diverse set
of bioconjugation reactions and to prepare novel fluorescently-labelled Pf1-based composite
biomembranes for future applications in areas such as nanoporous filtration biofilms and photoconducting
nanocomposite materials.

Methods:
Pf1 was characterized with respect to amine (N-terminal, Gly1 and Lys20), carboxylate
(aspartate, glutamate), and aromatic (tyrosine) modification and its extension to the creation of functional
biomaterials. Modification with an amine reactive fluorophore was carried out with Pf1.

Results:
The reaction profiles between M13 and Pf1 differ, with M13 capable of modification at two
primary amines on its major coat protein, while Pf1 is capable of a single reaction per coat protein.
Subsequent to the production of dye-functionalized Pf1, a biocomposite of wild type and functionalized
Pf1 could be fabricated into a bulk material by glutaraldehyde (amine-reactive) crosslinking.
These biomaterials were characterized by scanning electron and confocal microscopy, showing a
distribution of patches of functionalized Pf1 within the main Pf1 construct.

Conclusion:
The current study provides a framework for future fabrication of advanced bionanomaterials
based on the Pf1 bacteriophage.
Modelling and Experimental Investigation of Luminous Coupling in UVLED Driven Optical Fiber Reactors
Authors: Robert Johannes , Jüstel Thomas , Ulber Roland , Jordan Volkmar 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Photocatalytic oxidation is a promising tool for waste water treatment and
decomposition of biologically non digestible substances. Immersed nanoscale catalyst particles from
semiconductor materials such as TiO2 and ZnO can be excited by absorbed UV radiation, leading to
hydroxyl-ion formation at the surface of the semiconductor and oxidative degradation of pollutants.

Objective:
This contribution deals with reactors equipped with catalyst coated light guides to combine
the advantages of immobilized catalysts with nearly homogeneous irradiation. With experimental and
theoretical methods the coupling and decoupling of radiation were investigated and the performance
of catalyst coated light guides was tested by means of methylene-blue degradation.

Methods:
Radiation models, known from the recent literature, use single ray, parallel ray or multi ray
models to approximate the light transmission. These models neglect Fresnel reflection and consider
only coupling into the light guide. In this study, the LED was simulated as a Lambertian radiator using
10 4 rays with angle dependent intensities. This well-known model was extended with Fresnelreflection,
which predicted the measured coupling efficiencies accurately. The simulations predict the
decoupling and catalyst activation at the lateral surface of the light guide for two boundary cases, ideal
matt and ideal reflective surfaces. To generate matt surfaces, the light guides were either scratched or
coated with TiO2 p25 nanopowder. Sol-gel coating methods were used, to create reflective surfaces.

Results:
When using matt surfaces, the decoupling rate is very high: 80% of the radiant flux exits the
light guide in less than 10 cm. If light guides with reflective surfaces are used, the radiant flux leaving the
light guide is low: less than 10% of the radiation exited the light conductor in the first 10 cm. Methyleneblue
degradation, seen as a model reaction, was used to determine the reactor performance by comparing
the pseudo first order reaction coefficients. Due to the uniform light distribution along the length of the
light guides and the resulting even formation of reactive radicals, the quantum yield was increased by a
factor of 3, using sol-gel coated light guides, rather than powder coated light guides.

Conclusion:
The effectiveness of LED driven optical fiber reactors was intensified, if reflective surfaces
are used instead of matt surfaces. These surfaces are achieved by sol gel chemistry. However, to use the
complete amount of photons, which entered the optical fiber, very long light guides are needed.
An Approach to Improving the Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Spot Welded Joints on the Basis of Hook Formation Mechanism
Authors: Du Shuaishuai , Liu Huijie , Hu Yanying , Yang Tengfei 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Partial metallurgical bond (namely 'hook') is formed between the overlapped
metal sheets during friction stir spot welding (FSSW). The geometry of hook is found to significantly
affect the mechanical performance of FSSWed joints, while that how to adjust hook geometry
to a better state remains to be studied.

Methods:
The conventional FSSW joints under different plunge depths and dwelling time were obtained.
The cross-sectional morphology of each spot weld was investigated to clarify the material
flow behavior and deduce the formation mechanism of hook. The tensile shear strength and fracture
features were examined to reveal the effect of hook geometry on the mechanical properties.

Results:
The weld geometry affects the tensile shear strength of FSSWed joints by determining their
fracture modes. The formation mechanism of hook is deduced by a material flow model. In the toolplunging
stage, the faying interface is broken by upward-flowing materials, hook is therefore initiated
and driven up gradually. During the tool-dwelling stage, hook continues to migrate to the lowpressure
zone, surrounding the stir zone.

Conclusion:
The uncertainty of crack-propagating endpoint along hook makes it difficult to ensure
the mechanical properties of welds. If the hook endpoint has not yet reached the low-pressure zone
at the end of welding process, welds with ideal hook geometry can be obtained. Target friction stir
spot welds were produced by the use of a tool possessing smaller pin diameter.
Comparison of Different Sample Preparation Techniques for Untargeted Metabolomics Utilizing Q-TOF LC/MS and MetaboAnalyst 4.0
Authors: Kaplan Ozan , Koçak Engin , Çelebier Mustafa 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Profiling the whole metabolome with a single injection is not an
easy process because the chemical and physical properties of metabolites are totally different
with each other and the analytical methodologies and data mining procedures need lots of effort
to make such an approach in real. This reality leads researchers to select an already applied
methodology for metabolite profiling and analyze the samples through identical techniques.

Objective:
In this study, it was focused on answer the question the sample preparation techniques
on human blood samples prior to Q-TOF LC/MS analysis affect the number of detectable
peaks and analyze the matched metabolites for these peaks. The results were compared
with each other.

Methods:
Precipitation of proteins with methanol, ultrafiltration (Amicon® Ultra 3 kDa 0.5
mL Centrifugal Filters), liquid-phase extraction (EXtrelut® NT 3 cartridges) and solid-phase
extraction (Supelco HybridSPE®-Phospholipid Cartridge) were used for sample preparation
on commercial pooled plasma samples. C18 column (Agilent Zorbax 1.8 μM, 50 x 2.1 mm)
was used as the chromatography column. Q-TOF LC/MS analysis was performed on positive
ionization mode. XCMS and MetaboAnalyst 4.0 - MS Peaks to Pathways utility were
used to evaluate the raw data.

Results:
Although the number of detected peaks through precipitation of proteins with
methanol was the highest one (624 peaks), the detected peaks observed through ultrafiltration-
based sample preparation technique matched with the highest number of metabolite
peaks (151 metabolites). The number of the matched peaks with metabolites on liquid phase
extraction (81 metabolites) was higher than the ones for solid phase extraction (29 metabolites).

Conclusion:
The results in this study may provide a novel perspective for analytical chemists
working with clinicians to select their sample preparation technique prior to Q-TOF LC/MS
based untargeted metabolomic approaches.
The Effects of Parents' Attention and Learning Discipline on the English Learning Achievement in Junior High Schools
Authors: Sukhadman Sukhadman , Suyata Pujiati 
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to desribe the effects of parents’ attention and learning discipline on the English learning achievement and the correlation between parents’ attention and learning discipline and the English learning achievement at grade 9th in Junior High School. This research was an expost facto research. The population was 2.716 students. A sample of 337 students was established using the proportional stratified random sampling technique. The techniques of data collection were the questionnaries and the document of students’ English learning achievement in the even of year 8 in 2012/2013. The instrument valididty was assessed in terms of the content validity using Factor Analysis. The reliabilty of the instrument was assessed using Cronbach Alpha. The data were analyzed using the Multiple Regression and partial correlation analysis. Multiple Regression test results show that parents’ attention and learning discipline simultaneously affect the English learning achivement with the value of F = 43.311 and p ≤ 0.05. Adjusted R² value = 0.197 means that the variant of the English learning achivement variable could be predicted by parents’ attention and learning discipline 19.7%. Meanwhile, according to the partial correlation analysis, parents’ attention correlates with English learning achievement (r = 0.385 and p ≤ 0.05). Learning discipline correlates with the English learning achievement (r = 0.182 and p ≤ 0.05). Keywords: parents’ attention, learning discipline, and English learning achievement.
EHealth Literacy in UK Teenagers and Young Adults: Exploration of Predictors and Factor Structure of the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS)
Authors: Holch Patricia , Marwood Jordan R 
Published: June 2020

Background
Increasingly, teenagers and young adults (TYAs) seek out health information online; however, it is not clear whether they possess electronic health (eHealth) literacy, defined as “the ability to select, appraise, and utilize good quality health information from the internet.” A number of factors are included in the Lily model proposed by Norman and Skinner underpinning the development of eHealth literacy. It is important to understand which elements may influence the development of eHealth literacy in young people, as the current generation will continue to “Google it” when faced with a health problem throughout their lives.

Objective
The objectives of this study are to explore potential factors influencing young people’s eHealth literacy and explore the underlying constructs of the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) in a population of UK university students.

Methods
A total of 188 undergraduate psychology students from a large UK University were recruited as an opportunity sample. Of these, 88.8% (167/188) of participants were female with a mean age of 20.13 (SD 2.16) years and the majority were White British (159/188, 84.6%). Employing a cross-sectional design TYAs completed the following measures exploring eHealth literacy (eHEALS): Irrational Health Belief Scale; Newest Vital Sign (NVS), a measure of functional health literacy; Need for Cognition Scale, a preference for effortful cognitive activity; and General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale, exploring personal agency and confidence. The eHEALS was also subject to exploratory factor analysis (EFA), for which in addition to the total variance explained, the scree plot, eigenvalues, and factor loadings were assessed to verify the structure.

Results
eHEALS and GSE were significantly positively correlated (r=0.28, P<.001) and hierarchical linear modeling revealed GSE as the significant predictor of scores on the eHEALS (F1,186=16.16, P<.001, R2=0.08), accounting for 8.0% of the variance. Other notable relationships were GSE and need for cognition (NFC) were also positively correlated (r=0.33, P<.001), and NFC and irrational health beliefs were significantly negatively correlated (r=–.14, P=.03). Using Spearman correlations, GSE and NVS (rs=0.14, P=.04) and NFC and NVS (rs=0.19, P=.003) were positively correlated. An EFA revealed the scale to be stable and identified a 2-factor structure related to information acquisition and information application.

Conclusions
This is the first study in the UK to explore relationships between these key variables and verify the structure of the eHEALS in a TYA population in the UK. The findings that self-efficacy has a major influence firmly consolidate its status as fundamental to the development of eHealth literacy. Future studies will explore the influence of body image and the development of eHealth literacy in more diverse TYA populations.
Effects of the e-Motivate4Change Program on Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults Using Health Apps and Wearable Devices: Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Lee Ji-Soo , Kang Min-Ah , Lee Soo-Kyoung 
Published: June 2020

Background
The health behaviors of young adults lag behind those of other age groups, and active health management is needed to improve health behaviors and prevent chronic diseases. In addition, developing good lifestyle habits earlier in life could reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) later on.

Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the e-Motivate4Change program, for which health apps and wearable devices were selected based on user needs. The program was developed for the prevention and management of MetS in young adults.

Methods
This experimental study used a nonequivalent control group. In total, 59 students from 2 universities in Daegu, Korea participated in the study (experimental group n=30; control group n=29). Data were collected over 4 months, from June 1 to September 30, 2018. The experimental group received a 12-week e-Motivate4Change program intervention, and the control group received MetS education and booklets without the e-Motivate4Change program intervention.

Results
After the program, the experimental group had significantly higher scores for health-related lifestyle (t=3.86; P<.001) and self-efficacy (t=6.00; P<.001) than did the control group. Concerning BMI, there were significant effects by group (F=1.01; P<.001) and for the group × time interaction (F=4.71; P=.034). Concerning cholesterol, there were significant main effects for group (F=4.32; P=.042) and time (F=9.73; P<.001).

Conclusions
The e-Motivate4Change program effectively improved participants’ health-related lifestyle scores and self-efficacy, and significantly reduced their BMI and cholesterol levels. The program can be used to identify and prevent MetS among young adults.
Perceptions of Patients Regarding Mobile Health Interventions for the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Alwashmi Meshari F , Fitzpatrick Beverly , Farrell Jamie , Gamble John-Michael , Davis Erin , Nguyen Hai Van , Farrell Gerard , Hawboldt John 
Published: June 2020

Background
Using a mobile health (mHealth) intervention consisting of a smartphone and compatible medical device has the potential to enhance chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment outcomes while mitigating health care costs.

Objective
This study aims to describe the demographics, use, and access to smartphones of patients with COPD. It also aims to explore and develop an understanding of potential facilitators and barriers that might influence patients using mHealth interventions for COPD management.

Methods
This was an explanatory, sequential mixed methods study. Patients who attended respirology clinics completed a questionnaire on technology access and use. We conducted semistructured individual interviews with the patients. Interview topics included the following: demographics, mHealth use, perceptions toward challenges of mHealth adoption, factors facilitating mHealth adoption, and preferences regarding features of mHealth interventions for COPD management.

Results
A total of 100 adults completed the survey but 22 participants were excluded because they were not diagnosed with COPD. Of these, 10 patients with COPD participated in the interview. The quantitative component revealed that many patients with COPD owned a mobile phone, but only about one-fourth of the participants (18/77, 23%) owned a smartphone. The likelihood of owning a smartphone was not associated with age, sex, marital status, or geographical location, but patients with high educational status were more likely to own a smartphone. The qualitative component found that patients with COPD, in general, had a positive attitude toward mHealth adoption for COPD management, but several facilitators and barriers were identified. The main facilitators of mHealth adoption are possible health benefits for patients, ease of use, educating patients, and credibility. Alternatively, the barriers to adoption are technical issues, lack of awareness, potential limited uptake from older adults, privacy and confidentiality issues, finances, and lack of interest in mHealth

Conclusions
It is important to understand the perceptions of patients with COPD regarding the adoption of innovative mHealth interventions for COPD management. This study identifies some potential facilitators and barriers that may inform the successful development and implementation of mHealth interventions for COPD management.