bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving adherence to an online intervention for low mood with a virtual coach: study protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Provoost Simon , Kleiboer Annet , Ornelas José , Bosse Tibor , Ruwaard Jeroen , Rocha Artur , Cuijpers Pim , Riper Heleen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) is more effective when it is guided by human support than when it is unguided. This may be attributable to higher adherence rates that result from a positive effect of the accompanying support on motivation and on engagement with the intervention. This protocol presents the design of a pilot randomized controlled trial that aims to start bridging the gap between guided and unguided interventions. It will test an intervention that includes automated support delivered by an embodied conversational agent (ECA) in the form of a virtual coach.

Methods/design
The study will employ a pilot two-armed randomized controlled trial design. The primary outcomes of the trial will be (1) the effectiveness of iCBT, as supported by a virtual coach, in terms of improved intervention adherence in comparison with unguided iCBT, and (2) the feasibility of a future, larger-scale trial in terms of recruitment, acceptability, and sample size calculation. Secondary aims will be to assess the virtual coach’s effect on motivation, users’ perceptions of the virtual coach, and general feasibility of the intervention as supported by a virtual coach. We will recruit N = 70 participants from the general population who wish to learn how they can improve their mood by using Moodbuster Lite, a 4-week cognitive-behavioral therapy course. Candidates with symptoms of moderate to severe depression will be excluded from study participation. Included participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either (1) Moodbuster Lite with automated support delivered by a virtual coach or (2) Moodbuster Lite without automated support. Assessments will be taken at baseline and post-study 4 weeks later.

Discussion
The study will assess the preliminary effectiveness of a virtual coach in improving adherence and will determine the feasibility of a larger-scale RCT. It could represent a significant step in bridging the gap between guided and unguided iCBT interventions.

Trial registration
Netherlands Trial Register (NTR) NL8110. Registered on 23 October 2019.
Low-temperature effects on docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp. TIO01 and its proposed underlying mechanism
Authors: Hu Fan , Clevenger April L. , Zheng Peng , Huang Qiongye , Wang Zhaokai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSchizochytriumspecies are known for their abundant production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Low temperatures can promote the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in many species. This study investigates low-temperature effects on DHA biosynthesis inSchizochytriumsp. TIO01 and its underlying mechanism.ResultsTheSchizochytriumfatty acid biosynthesis pathway was evaluated based on de novo genome assembly (contig N50 = 2.86 Mb) and iTRAQ-based protein identification. Our findings revealed that desaturases, involved in DHA synthesis via the fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathway, were completely absent. The polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway and the FAS pathway are, respectively, responsible for DHA and saturated fatty acid synthesis inSchizochytrium. Analysis of fatty acid composition profiles indicates that low temperature has a significant impact on the production of DHA inSchizochytrium, increasing the DHA content from 43 to 65% of total fatty acids. However, the expression levels of PKS pathway genes were not significantly regulated as the DHA content increased. Further, gene expression analysis showed that pathways related to the production of substrates (acetyl-CoA and NADPH) for fatty acid synthesis (the branched-chain amino acid degradation pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway) and genes related to saturated fatty acid biosynthesis (the FAS pathway genes and malic enzyme) were, respectively, upregulated and downregulated. These results indicate that low temperatures increase the DHA content by likely promoting the entry of relatively large amounts of substrates into the PKS pathway.ConclusionsIn this study, we provide genomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic evidence for the fatty acid synthesis pathway inSchizochytriumand propose a mechanism by which low temperatures promote the accumulation of DHA inSchizochytrium. The high-quality and nearly complete genome sequence ofSchizochytriumprovides a valuable reference for investigating the regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and the evolutionary characteristics ofThraustochytriidaespecies.
Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs
Authors: Pozio Edoardo , Merialdi Giuseppe , Licata Elio , Della Casa Giacinto , Fabiani Massimo , Amati Marco , Cherchi Simona , Ramini Mattia , Faeti Valerio , Interisano Maria , Ludovisi Alessandra , Rugna Gianluca , Marucci Gianluca , Tonanzi Daniele , Gómez-Morales Maria Angeles 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Domesticated and wild swine play an important role as reservoir hosts of Trichinella spp. and a source of infection for humans. Little is known about the survival of Trichinella larvae in muscles and the duration of anti-Trichinella antibodies in pigs with long-lasting infections.

Methods
Sixty pigs were divided into three groups of 20 animals and infected with 10,000 larvae of Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi or Trichinella pseudospiralis. Four pigs from each group were sacrificed at 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-infection (p.i.) and the number of larvae per gram (LPG) of muscles was calculated. Serum samples were tested by ELISA and western blot using excretory/secretory (ES) and crude antigens.

Results
Trichinella spiralis showed the highest infectivity and immunogenicity in pigs and larvae survived in pig muscles for up to 2 years p.i. In these pigs, the IgG level significantly increased at 30 days p.i. and reached a peak at about 60 days p.i., remaining stable until the end of the experiment. In T. britovi-infected pigs, LPG was about 70 times lower than for T. spiralis at 2 months p.i. and only very few infecting larvae were detected at 6 months p.i., whereas no larvae were detected at 12, 18 and 24 months p.i. At 6 months p.i., degenerated/calcified larvae and cysts were detected in the muscles by trichinoscopy and histology. The IgG pattern showed by T. britovi-infected pigs was similar to that of T. spiralis-infected pigs, although seroconversion occurred some days later. The larval burden of T. pseudospiralis was slightly greater than for T. britovi at 2 months p.i., but no larvae were detected at 6 and 12 months p.i. In T. pseudospiralis-infected pigs, seroconversion occurred slowly, as in T. britovi-infected pigs. The IgG level showed a significant drop at 6 months p.i. and declining to the cut-off value at 12 months p.i.

Conclusions
The longer survival of T. spiralis in pigs in comparison with the other two species highlights its exceptional dissemination potential. These results provide an explanation of the controversial data collected by parasitological and serological tools in the course of epidemiological investigations.
The absolute risk of gout by clusters of gout-associated comorbidities and lifestyle factors—30 years follow-up of the Malmö Preventive Project
Authors: Fatima Tahzeeb , Nilsson Peter M. , Turesson Carl , Dehlin Mats , Dalbeth Nicola , Jacobsson Lennart T. H. , Kapetanovic Meliha C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Gout is predicted by a number of comorbidities and lifestyle factors. We aimed to identify discrete phenotype clusters of these factors in a Swedish population-based health survey. In these clusters, we calculated and compared the incidence and relative risk of gout.

Methods
Cluster analyses were performed to group variables with close proximity and to obtain homogenous clusters of individuals (n = 22,057) in the Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) cohort. Variables clustered included obesity, kidney dysfunction, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), dyslipidemia, pulmonary dysfunction (PD), smoking, and the use of diuretics. Incidence rates and hazard ratios (HRs) for gout, adjusted for age and sex, were computed for each cluster.

Results
Five clusters (C1–C5) were identified. Cluster C1 (n = 16,063) was characterized by few comorbidities. All participants in C2 (n = 750) had kidney dysfunction (100%), and none had CVD. In C3 (n = 528), 100% had CVD and most participants were smokers (74%). C4 (n = 3673) had the greatest fractions of obesity (34%) and dyslipidemia (74%). In C5 (n = 1043), proportions with DM (51%), hypertension (54%), and diuretics (52%) were highest. C1 was by far the most common in the population (73%), followed by C4 (17%). These two pathways included 86% of incident gout cases. The four smaller clusters (C2–C5) had higher incidence rates and a 2- to 3-fold increased risk for incident gout.

Conclusions
Five distinct clusters based on gout-related comorbidities and lifestyle factors were identified. Most incident gout cases occurred in the cluster of few comorbidities, and the four comorbidity pathways had overall a modest influence on the incidence of gout.
Identifying, describing, and assessing interventions that support new graduate nurse transition into critical care nursing practice: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Vanderspank-Wright Brandi , Lalonde Michelle , Squires Janet , Graham Ian D. , Efstathiou Nikolaos , Devey Burry Robin , Marcogliese Emily , Skidmore Becky , Vandyk Amanda ,   Canadian Association of Critical Care Nurses and the National Emergency Nurses Association
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Given a persistent nursing shortage in Canada and a decline in new nurses entering the profession, new graduate nurses (NGNs) are being hired into positions historically reserved for more experienced staff. Critical care settings, which are areas of specialty nursing practice, are now routinely hiring NGNs in many hospitals. While evidence on NGN transition into critical care is emerging, best practices around training and support for these nurses are limited internationally, and non-existent within the Canadian context. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to identify, describe, and assess the effectiveness of interventions that support NGN transition into critical care clinical practice settings.

Methods
This is a systematic review of interventions using the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology. Data sources will include MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Education Source, and Nursing and Allied Health electronic databases. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts using predetermined inclusion criteria. A consensus meeting will be held with a third reviewer to resolve conflicts when necessary. Full texts will also be screened by two independent reviewers and with conflicts resolved by consensus. Data will be extracted using a standardized extraction form. We will assess the quality of all included studies using Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tools. Data describing interventions will be reported narratively and a meta-analysis will be conducted to determine effectiveness, if appropriate.

Discussion
This systematic review will identify interventions that support NGN transition into critical care nursing practice. The findings of this study will provide a foundation for developing strategies to support NGN transition into these areas of specialty nursing practice.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42020147962.
Brain drain from vocational to academic education at upper-secondary level? An empirical analysis for Switzerland
Authors: Jaik Katharina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite the ongoing debate about how much academic versus vocational upper-secondary education is favorable for a country and large differences across countries of those two types of education exist, the interplay of vocational and academic education on upper-secondary level and its consequences for the entire education system remain under-researched. Although difficult to analyze directly, we first construct a measure to capture companies’ reactions to changes in academic education rates and second analyze whether academic education rates are associated with success rates in vocational education over time and with control variables. To measure companies’ reactions, we use a cantonal average requirements profile consisting of the academic requirements profile of an occupation and the number of apprenticeships started in this occupation per year and canton. Although results of the first part of the analysis are ambiguous, combined with the second part, they suggest a non-reaction of companies (i.e., they keep offering the same occupations but have to fill their positions with lower-ability candidates). Results of the second part show that more opportunities for academic education appear to draw highly-able students away from vocational education, with negative consequences for the success rates in vocational education. Our findings have important implications for countries with vocational and academic tracks in their education systems, but also for those who plan to introduce or strengthen (dual) vocational education.
Composition and techniques of the Ticinese stucco decorations from the 16th to the 17th century: results from the analysis of the materials
Authors: Caroselli Marta , Zumbühl Stefan , Cavallo Giovanni , Radelet Thierry 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This work investigated the techniques used for creating a three-dimensional stucco decoration. During the multidisciplinary project "The art and industry of Ticino plasterers from the sixteenth to the seventeenth century", some stucco works mainly situated between the south of the Ticino region and the province of Como were studied. These artists traditionally known as "Masters of the Lakes", were invited across Europe to decorate the most important architectures at the time. The diffusion of this art and in particular of these workers was probably due to their unique ability to master the complex art of stucco. In particular, the scientific research was addressed at understanding the structure, composition and original “recipes” of the high relief stucco and statues, by using different complementary analytical techniques: the internal structures were analyzed with the radiographic technique, the mortars were characterized by polarized light microscopy, SEM–EDS and FT-IR spectroscopy. The identification of organic additives was possible thanks to a pre-treatment sample with the reactive sulfur tetrafluoride gas (SF4). Our results indicated that the stucco works of the considered authors were made using almost all recurring components, although differences emerged in the assembly of the internal structure, in the presence of gypsum in the ground mortar layers and in the use of the aggregate in the finishing.
Docking-based strategy to design novel flavone-based arylamides as potent V600E-BRAF inhibitors with prediction of their drug-likeness and ADMET properties
Authors: Umar Abdullahi Bello , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu , Uba Sani 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
V600E-BRAF protein target has much potential for scientific research as therapeutic target due to its involvement in human melanoma cancer. In the current research, molecular docking investigation was conducted on some flavone-based arylamides as anticancer drug candidates via V600E-BRAF inhibition with the help of docking software Molegro Virtual Docker. Based on the predicted results, existing structures were modified and screened for pharmacokinetics ADMET properties.

Results
The docking result demonstrates that compound 28 best inhibits V600E-BRAF when compared with other compounds within the dataset. This compound was used as a template in designing novel anticancer compounds by attaching some favorable substituents. The docking results of the designed compounds revealed a good MolDock score (< − 90), which showed that all the compounds can efficiently bind with the active sites of the target, out of which two analogous (N1 and N3) were considered optimal that outperformed vemurafenib, the FDA-approved V600E-BRAF inhibitor. Furthermore, these compounds passed the drug-likeness criteria (Lipinski’s rule) successfully and were found to be orally bioavailable. Also, the designed compounds were found to have good pharmacokinetics absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties.

Conclusion
Thus, this study identified compounds (N1 and N3) as the best hits against V600E-BRAF kinase with enhanced pharmacological properties and recommends their synthesis, in vivo and ex vivo evaluation to validate our hypothesis.
Femoral prosthesis neck fracture following total hip arthroplasty — a systematic review
Authors: van Doesburg P. G. , van Langelaan E. J. , Apachitei I. , Bénard M. R. , Verdegaal S. H. M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Head-neck modularity was introduced into total hip arthroplasty to provide more intraoperative surgical options. However, modularity led to new problems, such as trunnionosis and fractures of the femoral prosthesis neck.
The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for hip neck fractures and to provide recommendations to prevent damage and fractures of the neck.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines.

Results
Thirty-three case studies were included. Methodologically, most included studies were of moderate or good quality. The 80 neck fractures included in the review took place, on average, 7 years after stem placement. Male gender, high body weight, obesity, previous revision surgery, mixing components from different manufacturers, use of long skirted heads, cobalt-chromium (large size) heads were identified as potential risk factors.

Conclusion
Hip neck fractures occur on average 7 years after stem placement. The etiology of hip neck fractures is multifactorial. This review revealed several preventable implant- and surgeon-related risk factors.
Effect of polyphenol, flavonoid, and saponin fractions from Thymus atlanticus on acute and chronic hyperlipidemia in mice
Authors: Ramchoun Mhamed , Khouya Tarik , Harnafi Hicham , Alem Chakib , Benlyas Mohamed , Simmet Thomas , Ouguerram Khadija , Amrani Souliman 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Thymus atlanticus is an endemic plant of the Mediterranean region, which has been used in the Moroccan mountain area to treat several diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polyphenol, flavonoid, and saponin fractions derived from this plant on acute and chronic hyperlipidemia in male albino mice.

Results
The results indicated that the injection of Triton WR-1339 (20 mg/100 g body weight (B.wt.)) and 6-week administration of a high-fat diet (which is an 81.8% standard diet supplemented with 2% cholesterol, 16% lard, and 0.2% cholic acid) significantly increased plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but did not affect high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in mice. Administration of a single dose (2 mg/kg B.wt.) of polyphenol, flavonoid, or saponin fractions significantly suppressed the effect of Triton injection on plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C. In addition, the supplementation of the high-fat diet with polyphenol fraction (2 mg/kg B.wt./day) prevented the increase of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C, and effectively increased HDL-C level when compared to mice feeding only the high-fat diet.

Conclusion
In conclusion, phenolic compounds from Thymus atlanticus possess a significant hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects and, therefore, could have an important role in the management of dyslipidemia.
Development and Validation of a Genomic Tool to Predict Seminal Vesicle Invasion in Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Hall William A. , Fishbane Nick , Liu Yang , Xu Melody J. , Davicioni Elai , Mahal Brandon A. , Den Robert B. , Dess Robert T. , Jackson William C. , Wong Anthony C. , Schaeffer Edward M. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Carroll Peter R. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Bismar Tarek A. , Kim Hyung L. , Klein Eric A. , Davis John W. , Ross Ashley E. , Tosoian Jeffrey J. , Morgan Todd M. , Mehra Rohit , Salami Simpa S. , Nguyen Paul L. , Lawton Colleen A. F. , Spratt Daniel E. , Feng Felix 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSEPretreatment estimates of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) are challenging and significantly influence the management of prostate cancer. We sought to improve current models to predict SVI through the development of an SVI prediction genomic signature.PATIENTS AND METHODSA total of 15,889 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with available baseline clinical, pathology, and transcriptome data were retrieved from the GRID registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02609269 ) and other retrospective cohorts. These data were divided into a training (n = 6,766), test (n = 3,363), and two validation (n = 5,062 and 698) cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the predictive effect of the genomic SVI (gSVI) classifier in the presence of established nomograms (Partin Tables and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [MSKCC]).RESULTSIn the training cohort, univariable filtering identified 2,132 genes that were differentially expressed between RP tumors with and without SVI. Model parameters were tuned to maximize the area under the curve (AUC) in the testing cohort, resulting in a logistic generalized linear model with 581 genes. The gSVI model scores range from 0 to 1. In the first validation set, gSVI showed superior discrimination of patients with and without SVI at RP compared with other prognostic signatures trained to predict distant metastasis or clinical recurrence. Of the 698 patients in the second validation set, gSVI combined with the MSKCC nomogram had a superior AUC (0.86) compared with either nomogram individually (0.81).CONCLUSIONThe gSVI represents a novel and validated expression signature to predict the presence of SVI before treatment with surgery. This genomic tool adds discriminatory power to existing clinical predictive nomograms and may help with pretreatment counseling and decision making.
Vision does not impact walking performance in Argentine ants
Authors: Clifton Glenna T. , Holway David , Gravish Nicholas 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Many walking insects use vision for long-distance navigation, but the influence of vision on rapid walking performance that requires close-range obstacle detection and directing the limbs towards stable footholds remains largely untested. We compared Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) workers in light versus darkness while traversing flat and uneven terrain. In darkness, ants reduced flat-ground walking speeds by only 5%. Similarly, the approach speed and time to cross a step obstacle were not significantly affected by lack of lighting. To determine whether tactile sensing might compensate for vision loss, we tracked antennal motion and observed shifts in spatiotemporal activity as a result of terrain structure but not illumination. Together, these findings suggest that vision does not impact walking performance in Argentine ant workers. Our results help contextualize eye variation across ants, including subterranean, nocturnal and eyeless species that walk in complete darkness. More broadly, our findings highlight the importance of integrating vision, proprioception and tactile sensing for robust locomotion in unstructured environments.