bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalable Synthesis of One‐Dimensional Mesoporous ZnMnO3 Nanorods with Ultra‐Stable and High Rate Capability for Efficient Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhang Longhai , Zhang Yanru , Xu Senyang , Zhang Chaofeng , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe cost‐efficient ZnMnO3 has attracted increasing attention as a prospective anode candidate for advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its resourceful abundance, large lithium storage capacity and low operating voltage. However, its practical application is still seriously limited by the modest cycling and rate performances. Herein, a facile design to scalable synthesize unique one‐dimensional (1D) mesoporous ZnMnO3 nanorods (ZMO‐NRs) composed of nanoscale particles (≈11 nm) is reported. The 1D mesoporous structure and nanoscale building blocks of the ZMO‐NRs effectively promote the transport of ions/electrons, accommodate severe volume changes, and expose more active sites for lithium storage. Benefiting from these appealing structural merits, the obtained ZMO‐NRs anode exhibits excellent rate behavior (≈454 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1) and ultra‐long term cyclic performance (≈949.7 mAh g−1 even over 500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1) for efficient lithium storage. Additionally, the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2//ZMO‐NRs full cell presents a practical energy density (≈192.2 Wh kg−1) and impressive cyclability with approximately 91 % capacity retention over 110 cycles. This highlights that the ZMO‐NRs product is a highly promising high‐rate and stable electrode candidate towards advanced LIBs in electronic devices and sustainable energy storage applications.
Antibody Conjugation of a Chimeric BET Degrader Enables in vivo Activity
Authors: Pillow Thomas H. , Adhikari Pragya , Blake Robert A. , Chen Jinhua , Del Rosario Geoffrey , Deshmukh Gauri , Figueroa Isabel , Gascoigne Karen E. , Kamath Amrita V. , Kaufman Susan , Kleinheinz Tracy , Kozak Katherine R. , Latifi Brandon , Leipold Douglas D. , Sing Li Chun , Li Ruina , Mulvihill Melinda M. , O'Donohue Aimee , Rowntree Rebecca K. , Sadowsky Jack D. , Wai John , Wang Xinxin , Wu Cong , Xu Zijin , Yao Hui , Yu Shang‐Fan , Zhang Donglu , Zang Richard , Zhang Hongyan , Zhou Hao , Zhu Xiaoyu , Dragovich Peter S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ability to selectively degrade proteins with bifunctional small molecules has the potential to fundamentally alter therapy in a variety of diseases. However, the relatively large size of these chimeric molecules often results in challenging physico‐chemical properties (e. g., low aqueous solubility) and poor pharmacokinetics which may complicate their in vivo applications. We recently discovered an exquisitely potent chimeric BET degrader (GNE‐987) which exhibited picomolar cell potencies but also demonstrated low in vivo exposures. In an effort to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of this molecule, we discovered the first degrader‐antibody conjugate by attaching GNE‐987 to an anti‐CLL1 antibody via a novel linker. A single IV dose of the conjugate afforded sustained in vivo exposures that resulted in antigen‐specific tumor regressions. Enhancement of a chimeric protein degrader with poor in vivo properties through antibody conjugation thereby expands the utility of directed protein degradation as both a biological tool and a therapeutic possibility.
The functional anatomy of cognitive control: A domain‐general brain network for uncertainty processing
Authors: Wu Tingting , Chen Caiqi , Spagna Alfredo , Wu Xia , Mackie Melissa‐Ann , Russell‐Giller Shira , Xu Pengfei , Luo Yue‐jia , Liu Xun , Hof Patrick R. , Fan Jin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCognitive control is the coordination of mental operations under conditions of uncertainty in accordance with goal‐directed behaviors, and plays a key role in the domains of executive control, working memory, and decision‐making. Although there is emerging evidence of common involvement of the cognitive control network (CCN) of the brain in these domains, this network has mostly been linked to the processing of conflict, which is just one case of an increase in uncertainty. Here, we conducted an activation‐likelihood‐estimation‐based large‐scale meta‐analysis of 289 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in the three domains to examine the common involvement of the CCN in uncertainty processing by contrasting the high‐uncertainty versus low‐uncertainty conditions. We found a general association between increase in uncertainty and an activation increase in regions of the CCN, including the frontoparietal network (comprising the frontal eye fields, the areas near and along the intraparietal sulcus, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), the cingulo‐opercular network (including the anterior cingulate cortex extending to the supplementary motor area, and the anterior insular cortex), and a subcortical structure (the striatum). These results demonstrate that the CCN is a domain‐general construct underlying uncertainty processing to support goal‐directed behaviors.
2D‐Layered Ni–MgO–Al2O3 Nanosheets for Integrated Capture and Methanation of CO2
Authors: Zhou Zhongjin , Sun Nannan , Wang Baodeng , Han Zhihua , Cao Shicheng , Hu Deng , Zhu Tianyang , Shen Qun , Wei Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCO2 capture is an enabling technology for carbon conversion and storage; however, the high costs of the process have hindered its large‐scale application so far. Therefore, new approaches for carbon abatement, particularly from diluted sources, are urgently needed. Herein, based on the adsorption and catalysis bifunctionality of 2D‐layered Ni–O–Al2O3 nanosheets, a two‐step “capture and methanation” process is reported for the removal and utilization of CO2, with no additional energy input for desorption being required. Continuous and nearly 100 % capture of CO2 was demonstrated at low temperatures (≤250 °C) and prolonged cycles. At isothermal conditions, the material could be fully regenerated with the production of methane, showing considerably higher time efficiency than temperature‐swing and pressure‐swing technologies. This strategy may pave a new way for CO2 reduction, providing a scalable connection between the power grid and the gas grid when H2 is used.
Phosphoflow cytometry and barcoding in blood platelets: Technical and analytical considerations
Authors: Spurgeon Benjamin E.J. , Naseem Khalid M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlatelet function is regulated by finely tuned phosphoprotein signals. Subtle aberrations in signaling can cause platelet hyperactivity and severe cardiovascular events. Mapping phosphorylation profiles in health and disease could accelerate antiplatelet discovery and enhance cardiovascular management, but traditional assays are ill‐suited to clinical application as they are laborious and low throughput. Recent advances in multiplex flow cytometry (barcoding) allow the rapid acquisition of highly batched samples with standard laboratory equipment. However, many assays have not been standardized, and success is largely dependent on protocol/reagent selection. Accordingly, we review the technical steps that are key to success with an emphasis on fixation, permeabilization, staining, controls, and data visualization.
Evaluation of ultrasonographical and cytological features of thyroid nodules in patients treated with radioactive iodine for hyperthyroidism
Authors: Bilginer Muhammet C. , Ozdemir Didem , Seyrek Fatma N. C. , Yildirim Nilufer , Yazgan Aylin K. , Kilic Mehmet , Ersoy Reyhan , Cakir Bekir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we aimed to evaluate ultrasonographical and cytological features of thyroid nodules in patients who were treated with radioactive iodine (RAI) for hyperthyroidism years ago.MethodsPatients who had a history of RAI treatment for hyperthyroidism and had thyroid nodules that were evaluated with fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) were included in the study.ResultsThere were 27 patients (22 female and 5 male) with a mean age of 59.3 ± 13.5. The indication for RAI treatment was Graves in 5 (18.6%), toxic nodular or multinodular goiter in 16 (69.2%), and unknown in 6 (22.2%) patients. A total of 48 thyroid nodules were evaluated with FNAB and cytological diagnosis were benign in 24 (50.0%), nondiagnostic in 15 (31.2%), atypia of undetermined significance in 5 (10.4%), suspicous for malignancy in 2 (4.2%), and malignant in 2 (4.2%) nodules. Thyroidectomy was performed in 10 patients, 5 were benign (50.0%), and 5 (50.0%) were malignant histopathologically. Ultrasonography features of 31 cytologically/histopathologically benign and five cytologically/histopathologically malignant nodules were compared. Prevalence of isoechoic nodules was higher in benign nodules (P = .025). Macrocalcification was observed in 4 (80.0%) of malignant and 10 (32.3%) of benign nodules (P = .042).ConclusionIn patients with a history of RAI treatment for hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules with suspicious ultrasonography features, particulary hypoechoic appearence and macrocalcification, should be evaluated with FNAB irrespective of the time elapsed after RAI treatment.
Diagnostic utility of touch imprint cytology for intraoperative assessment of surgical margins and sentinel lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients using four different cytological stains
Authors: Zafar Aiman , Sherlin Herald J. , Jayaraj Gifrina , Ramani Pratibha , Don Kanchi R , Santhanam Archana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundOSCC is most commonly associated with positive surgical margins. The important cause of loco regional recurrence is histologically positive or closed margins. Clear surgical margins might favor the patient with a better prognosis and prevent repetitive surgeries. The present study was designed to the diagnostic utility of touch imprint (TI) smears using H and E, Pap, Giemsa and Feulgen stains, so that they can be used on a routine basis.Materials and methodsA total of 720 smears from 130 margins resected from 32 patients who underwent surgical resection of OSCC were prospectively evaluated. The slides were fixed in alcohol and randomly divided into four different batches for staining with H&E, rapid Pap, Giemsa, Feulgen stain. TI of 30 sentinel lymph node were fixed in 95% alcohol, stained by (H&E) and evaluated by two independent observers. The results were compared with gold standard histopathology.ResultsH&E stain showed sensitivity 44%, rapid Pap 35%, Giemsa 29% and Feulgen stain 25%. Positive predictive value—100% for all the four stains. NPV–H&E 70%, Pap 66%, Giemsa 62%, Feulgen 59%. Diagnostic test accuracy of H&E stained smears was higher 72%, compared to Pap 67%. Giemsa 65%, and Feulgen 63%. In lymph nodes, Specificity was 94.74%, PPV 90.91%, NPV 94.74%, diagnostic accuracy 93.33%.ConclusionTIC is effective in identifying an inadequate or severe dysplasia margin comparable to gold standard histopathology. It might be used to intraoperatively identify metastases in sentinel lymph nodes in clinically N0 Patients.
Immunopharmacological effect of β‐d‐mannuronic acid (M2000), as a new immunosuppressive drug, on gene expression of miR‐155 and its target molecules (SOCS1, SHIP1) in a clinical trial on rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Mortazavi‐Jahromi Seyed Shahabeddin , Aslani Mona , Omidian Saiedeh , Ahmadzadeh Arman , Rezaieyazdi Zahra , Mirshafiey Abbas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe positive impacts of β‐d‐mannuronic acid (M2000) on the gene expression of miR‐155, its target molecules (SOCS1 and SHIP1), and NF‐κB transcription factor were demonstrated in a study using the HEK293‐TLR2 cell line. This new drug has been approved as a safe and effective medication by a randomized, multinational, phase III clinical trial on RA patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the oral administration effect of M2000 on the expression levels of the mentioned genes in RA patients. This research was conducted on 12 RA patients and 12 healthy individuals. After extraction of total RNA from PBMCs of patients and synthesis of cDNA, the expression levels of miR‐155, SOCS1, SHIP1, and NF‐κB genes were measured through quantitative Real‐time PCR at baseline and after 12 weeks of M2000 therapy. Our findings showed that the miR‐155 gene expression level significantly decreased in the M2000‐treated patients compared with the baseline (0.76‐fold, with p < .05). The expression levels of SOCS1 and SHIP1 genes significantly increased in the patients treated with M2000 compared with the before treatment (1.46‐, 1.54‐fold, with p < .01, p < .05, respectively). In addition, it was found that the gene expression level of the NF‐κB transcription factor significantly reduced in M2000‐treated patients compared with the baseline (0.81‐fold, with p < .05). This study showed that the oral administration of M2000 was able to reduce the expression of the miR‐155, increase the expression of SOCS1 and SHIP1, and decrease the NF‐κB gene expression (Trial Registration Number: IRCT2017100213739N10).
Highly diversified crop–livestock farming systems reshape wild bird communities
Authors: Smith Olivia M. , Kennedy Christina M. , Owen Jeb P. , Northfield Tobin D. , Latimer Christopher E. , Snyder William E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAgricultural intensification is a leading threat to bird conservation. Highly diversified farming systems that integrate livestock and crop production might promote a diversity of habitats useful to native birds foraging across otherwise‐simplified landscapes. At the same time, these features might be attractive to nonnative birds linked to a broad range of disservices to both crop and livestock production. We evaluated the influence of crop–livestock integration on wild bird richness and density along a north‐south transect spanning the U.S. West Coast. We surveyed birds on 52 farms that grew primarily mixed vegetables and fruits alone or integrated livestock into production. Crop–livestock systems harbored higher native bird density and richness relative to crop‐only farms, a benefit more pronounced on farms embedded in nonnatural landscapes. Crop–livestock systems bolstered native insectivores linked to the suppression of agricultural pest insects but did not bolster native granivores that may be more likely to damage crops. Crop–livestock systems also significantly increased the density of nonnative birds, primarily European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) that may compete with native birds for resources. Models supported a small, positive correlation between nonnative density and overall native bird density as well as between nonnative density and native granivore density. Relative to crop‐only farms, on average, crop–livestock systems exhibited 1.5 times higher patch richness, 2.4 times higher density of farm structures, 7.3 times smaller field sizes, 2.4 times greater integration of woody crops, and 5.3 times greater integration of pasture/hay habitat on farm. Wild birds may have responded to this habitat diversity and/or associated food resources. Individual farm factors had significantly lower predictive power than farming system alone (change in C statistic information criterion (ΔCIC) = 80.2), suggesting crop–livestock systems may impact wild birds through a suite of factors that change with system conversion. Collectively, our findings suggest that farms that integrate livestock and crop production can attract robust native bird communities, especially within landscapes devoted to intensified food production. However, additional work is needed to demonstrate persistent farm bird communities through time, ecophysiological benefits to birds foraging on these farms, and net effects of both native and nonnative wild birds in agroecosystems.
Novel plant–insect interactions in an urban environment: enemies, protectors, and pollinators of invasive knotweeds
Authors: Johnson Lea R. , Breger Benjamin , Drummond Francis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRelationships between invasive plants and other species in their introduced ranges may facilitate or hinder the process of invasion. Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed), Fallopia sachalinensis (giant knotweed), and their hybrid Fallopia × bohemica (Bohemian knotweed) are widespread invasive plants in North America and Europe. These species possess extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) that attract mutualist insect protectors in their native ranges. Popillia japonica Newman, 1841 (Japanese beetle) is a primary herbivore of invasive Fallopia spp. in these species’ native range in Japan. These natural enemies are reunited in North America, where Fallopia spp. have been repeatedly introduced as ornamental plantings of residential and commercial properties since the 1800s, and the Japanese beetle has become a widespread insect pest. Spread of Fallopia spp. and their hybrids along linear features of urban landscapes such as roads, railways, and waterways make their performance in urban environments important to these invasive species’ impact. To test the role of insect interactions in the success of Fallopia japonica and F. × bohemica in urban conditions in their invasive range, we examined ant visitation, Japanese beetle abundance and herbivory, ant–Japanese beetle interactions, pollinator visits, and seed production. All active herbivory observed was by Japanese beetles. Leaf area loss to herbivory was much lower than levels reported in Japan, suggesting partial enemy release. New Fallopia leaves were more frequently visited by ants than mature leaves, while Japanese beetle herbivory was observed on mature but not on new leaves. All ant species observed visiting invasive Fallopia EFN were native to North America. Active physical defense by these ants against Japanese beetles was observed but was rare. Native and non‐native insects visited Fallopia flowers, followed by seed production. Our results indicate that both native and non‐native species may facilitate invasion of Fallopia through pollination and protection mutualisms.
Epidemic spruce beetle outbreak changes drivers of Engelmann spruce regeneration
Authors: Pettit Jessika M. , Burton Julia I. , DeRose R. Justin , Long James N. , Voelker Steve L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClimate‐mediated disturbances outside the range of historical variability can have severe consequences on vital, post‐disturbance regeneration processes. High‐elevation forests of the Rocky Mountains that are dominated by Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) are expected to be sensitive to climate change. Additionally, these forests have experienced recent epidemic spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreaks that have often resulted in >95% mortality of overstory Engelmann spruce. Therefore, the future distribution of Engelmann spruce forests depends largely on natural regeneration processes. We examined Engelmann spruce seedlings across gradients in soil moisture and stand structural conditions 20 yr post‐disturbance on the Markagunt Plateau in southern Utah. All Engelmann spruce seedlings were mapped, measured, and aged, and aspects of stand structure and the microclimate were measured. The goal of our research was to infer processes affecting Engelmann spruce establishment by determining if patterns of advance regeneration that established before the outbreak (~60% of individuals) differed from seedlings that established during and immediately following the outbreak (combined into one group, ~40% of individuals). A generalized linear multi‐model approach identified that the density of advance regeneration (seedlings/saplings) was negatively influenced by historical competition with overstory trees. In contrast, post‐outbreak regeneration was related to microclimate conditions, including positive relationships with climatic moisture deficit and July soil water content. All seedlings were not significantly clustered around Engelmann spruce snags; however, there was evidence of facilitation of post‐outbreak seedlings by pre‐outbreak seedlings at higher elevation sites with lower moisture deficit. Together, these findings suggest post‐outbreak seedlings were not moisture‐limited at lower elevations but instead encouraged by higher evapotranspiration. Moreover, facilitation at higher elevations likely resulted from how pre‐outbreak seedlings modify snowpack and associated seedbed environments. Our study provides insight for managing Engelmann spruce after a beetle outbreak. In these forests, pre‐ and post‐outbreak regeneration can increase resilience to climate–disturbance interactions, but are patchy and structured at different scales. Therefore, the presence of advance regeneration and the likelihood of post‐outbreak seedlings depend on local environment (soil moisture and stand structure) and could be taken into account to most effectively plan post‐disturbance planting activities.
Development of printable, flexible nickel‐iron batteries based on composite electrodes
Authors: Meng Xianyang , Wang Zhiqian , Di Benedetto Giuseppe , Zunino James L. , Mitra Somenath 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present flexible nickel‐iron batteries with printable multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) based electrodes. All the metal composites are prepared via a single‐step precipitation reaction to synthesize metal hydroxides on the MWCNTs. High loading of the conductive materials enhances reactivity. Compared with Ni(OH)2‐CNT, β‐NiOOH increases output energy due to higher discharge voltage in flexible cells. Cyclic voltammogram shows that the iron electrode underwent a two‐step redox reaction among Fe, Fe(II), and Fe(III). The flexible Ni‐Fe battery has higher charge‐discharge efficiency when using 6 M KOH electrolyte saturated with LiOH, and with 5% Co(NO3)2 added to anode. The anode exhibits a specific capacity of more than 300 mAh g−1. All the components and the flexible cells themselves show good performance under bending conditions and the fabrication methods are also suitable for scale‐up via printing techniques.
Evolution of random access process: From Legacy networks to 5G and beyond
Authors: Toor Waqas Tariq , Basit Abdul , Maroof Naeem , Khan Saqib Ali , Saadi Muhammad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the random access procedures in legacy networks, long‐term evolution, LTE‐Advanced, and 5G networks. Random access is the first and incumbent step for connection establishment between base station/eNodeB/gNodeB and user equipment. Keeping in view its importance, there has been a regular thrive to improve the procedures of random access in communication networks. With the advent of new concepts such as machine‐type communication and Internet of Things, random access becomes extremely critical because huge number of devices try to connect to the network simultaneously. We present the evolution of random access process from legacy networks such as global system for mobile or wideband code division multiple access to 5G networks and beyond and their analysis. Simulations are performed in MATLAB to show various performance metrics such as access delay, total service time, and collision probability to demonstrate the pros and cons of one technique over another.