bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disorders of the glucose metabolism correlate with the phenotype and the severity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: van Helden Josef , Evliyaoglu Osman , Küberl Andreas , Weiskirchen Ralf 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferent polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes are correlated with different clinical severity levels. Insulin resistance correlates with higher severity. In a retrospective study, 130 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome were examined for insulin resistance. The aim of the study was to investigate relationships between glucose metabolism and different PCOS phenotypes and to identify biomarkers or combinations thereof to obtain information on the type of metabolic disorder or the severity of PCOS.MethodsA total of 130 patients with PCOS were included in the study. Biometric data such as weight, height, cycle day and cycle length were compared with glucose metabolism parameters such as fasting glucose, insulin before and 60 and 120 minutes after 75 g glucose intake, intact proinsulin, C‐peptide and ovarian function parameters including Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) and the soluble AMH receptor (sAMHR2). The parameters were correlated, and their diagnostic performance with respect to different expressions of PCOS was evaluated.ResultsThe biomarkers of impaired glucose metabolism showed strong significant difference in HOMA Index, adiponectin, proinsulin and body mass index (BMI) and Insulin levels in 0‐60‐120 minutes of glucose tolerance test but also with parameters of ovarian function as AMH, AMH z‐score sAMHR2, and sAMHR2/AMH ratio. A strong correlation between sAMHR2 and adiponectin (r = .818, P < .0001) was found indicating a relationship between the degree of glucose metabolic impairment and ovarian function.ConclusionsThe parameters glucose, insulin, insulin 60 minutes after intake of 75 g glucose and adiponectin or sAMHR2 enable a biochemical classification of PCOS patients that correlates with morphological PCOS phenotypes. By determining biomarkers, it is possible to classify PCOS patients into subgroups that correlate with different PCOS phenotypes and the clinical severity.
A paternally inherited non‐sense variant c.424G>T (p.G142*) in the first exon of XLαs in an adult patient with hypophosphatemia and osteopetrosis
Authors: Chen Xiang , Meng Yang , Tang Mengjia , Wang Yan , Xie Ying , Wan Shan , Tian Haoming , Yu Xijie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractXLαs, the extra‐large isoform of alpha‐subunit of the stimulatory guanine nucleotide‐binding protein (Gsα), is paternally expressed. The significance of XLαs in humans remains largely unknown. Here, we report a patient who presented with increased bone mass, hypophosphatemia, and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. His serum calcium was in the lower limit of the normal range. Whole exome sequencing of this subject found a novel non‐sense variant c.424G>T (p. G142*) in the first exon of XLαs, which was inherited from his father and transmitted to his daughter. This variant was predicted to exclusively influence the expression of XLαs, while possibly having no significant effects on other gene products of this locus. Ellsworth‐Howard test revealed normal renal response to PTH in proband. Human SaOS2 cells transfected with mutant XLαs failed to generate cyclic adenosine monophosphate under PTH stimulation, indicating skeletal resistance to this hormone. This subject showed higher circulating sclerostin, dickkopf1, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, while lower receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand/OPG ratio, leading to reduced bone resorption. Our findings indicate that XLαs plays a critical role in bone metabolism and GNAS locus should be considered as a candidate gene for high bone mass.
Peri‐implant soft tissue status and crestal bone loss around immediately‐loaded narrow‐diameter implants placed in cigarette‐smokers: 6‐year follow‐up results
Authors: Alghamdi Osama , Alrabiah Mohammed , Al‐Hamoudi Nawwaf , AlKindi Mohammed , Vohra Fahim , Abduljabbar Tariq 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is hypothesized that in the long‐term, soft tissue inflammation (reflected by increased scores of peri‐implant probing‐depth [PD]) and crestal bone loss (CBL) is higher in cigarette‐smoker than nonsmokers with narrow diameter implants (NDIs).PurposeThe aim of the present 6‐years' follow‐up clinical observational study was to compare the peri‐implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and PD) and CBL around immediately‐loaded NDIs placed in cigarette‐smokers and nonsmokers.Materials and methodsIn all groups, peri‐implant GI, PI and PD were measured on six sites (distolingual/palatal, mesiolingual/palatal mesiobuccal, distobuccal, midlingual/palatal, and midbuccal) per implant. The CBL was gauged on digital bitewing x‐rays, which were standardized using the long cone paralleling technique. CBL was demarcated as the vertical distance from 2 mm below the implant‐abutment connection to the most crestally‐positioned alveolar bone.ResultsAll study‐participants were male. Twenty‐six cigarette smokers and twenty‐five nonsmokers were included. The mean age of cigarette‐smokers and nonsmokers was 45.5 ± 10.3 and 47.4 ± 9.4 years, respectively. Cigarette‐smokers had a smoking history of 10.6 ± 0.4 pack years. Family history of tobacco usage was more often reported by cigarette‐smokers (57.7%) than nonsmokers (20%). All cigarette‐smokers and nonsmokers were aware that smoking is a risk‐factor of loss of implant. Three (11.5%) of cigarette‐smokers reported that they have attempted to quit smoking and 76.9% of cigarette‐smokers (n = 20) reported that they had no intention to quit smoking in the future. The peri‐implant P‐I (P < .01), PD (P < .01) and mesial (P < .01), and distal (P < .01) CBL were significantly high in cigarette‐smokers compared with nonsmokers. There was no statistically significant difference in GI among the groups.ConclusionCigarette‐smoking enhances peri‐implant soft tissue inflammation and increases CBL around immediately‐loaded NDIs.
Ghosts of the past: how drought legacy effects shape forest functioning and carbon cycling
Authors: Kannenberg Steven A. , Schwalm Christopher R. , Anderegg William R. L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMulti‐year lags in tree drought recovery, termed ‘drought legacy effects’, are important for understanding the impacts of drought on forest ecosystems, including carbon (C) cycle feedbacks to climate change. Despite the ubiquity of lags in drought recovery, large uncertainties remain regarding the mechanistic basis of legacy effects and their importance for the C cycle. In this review, we identify the approaches used to study legacy effects, from tree rings to whole forests. We then discuss key knowledge gaps pertaining to the causes of legacy effects, and how the various mechanisms that may contribute these lags in drought recovery could have contrasting implications for the C cycle. Furthermore, we conduct a novel data synthesis and find that legacy effects differ drastically in both size and length across the US depending on if they are identified in tree rings versus gross primary productivity. Finally, we highlight promising approaches for future research to improve our capacity to model legacy effects and predict their impact on forest health. We emphasise that a holistic view of legacy effects – from tissues to whole forests – will advance our understanding of legacy effects and stimulate efforts to investigate drought recovery via experimental, observational and modelling approaches.
miR‐29c‐3p inhibits microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation by targeting NFAT5 in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wang Ruili , Li Qing , He Ya , Yang Ying , Ma Qiaoya , Li Chen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicroglial inflammation is identified as a key process associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Our previous study showed that miR‐29c‐3p (miR‐29c) exhibited anti‐inflammatory properties in PD animal and neuronal models. However, the specific role and regulatory mechanism of miR‐29c played in microglia are still unclear. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated BV‐2 cells were used to establish a cellular model of microglial activation for investigating PD. The results showed a decreased expression of miR‐29c in LPS‐induced BV‐2 cells. Over‐expression of miR‐29c suppressed LPS‐triggered Iba‐1 increment, pro‐inflammatory cytokine release, and NF‐кB and TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Silence of miR‐29c induced similar effects with LPS on microglial inflammation. In addition, we found that NFAT5 was negatively correlated with miR‐29c. Knockdown of NFAT5 blocked the aggravated inflammation in microglia treated by miR‐29c inhibitor. Thus, these findings suggest that miR‐29c modulates NLRP3 inflammasome to impair microglial inflammatory responses by targeting NFAT5, which represents a promising therapeutic target for PD.
Preparing for patient partnership: A scoping review of patient partner engagement and evaluation in research
Authors: Bird Marissa , Ouellette Carley , Whitmore Carly , Li Lin , Nair Kalpana , McGillion Michael H. , Yost Jennifer , Banfield Laura , Campbell Elaine , Carroll Sandra L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundRealizing patient partnership in research requires a shift from patient participation in ancillary roles to engagement as contributing members of research teams. While engaging patient partners is often discussed, impact is rarely measured.ObjectiveOur primary aim was to conduct a scoping review of the impact of patient partnership on research outcomes. The secondary aim was to describe barriers and facilitators to realizing effective partnerships.Search StrategyA comprehensive bibliographic search was undertaken in EBSCO CINAHL, and Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO via Ovid. Reference lists of included articles were hand‐searched.Inclusion CriteriaIncluded studies were: (a) related to health care; (b) involved patients or proxies in the research process; and (c) reported results related to impact/evaluation of patient partnership on research outcomes.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were extracted from 14 studies meeting inclusion criteria using a narrative synthesis approach.Main ResultsPatient partners were involved in a range of research activities. Results highlight critical barriers and facilitators for researchers seeking to undertake patient partnerships to be aware of, such as power imbalances between patient partners and researchers, as well as valuing of patient partner roles.DiscussionAddressing power dynamics in patient partner‐researcher relationships and mitigating risks to patient partners through inclusive recruitment and training strategies may contribute towards effective engagement. Further guidance is needed to address evaluation strategies for patient partnerships across the continuum of patient partner involvement in research.ConclusionsResearch teams can employ preparation strategies outlined in this review to support patient partnerships in their work.
Why not to be a ‘Thomist’: A Critique of the Bañezian Reconciliation of Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom
Authors: Diem William Matthew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThomas Osborne has asserted that ‘No one has developed an argument against premotion that works if the distinctions made by the Thomists are granted.' This article attempts to form just such an argument. Specifically, it argues that the Thomistic system – even with the distinctions it relies on having been granted – cannot account for human freedom, at least not in a sense sufficiently strong to sustain human guilt for sin. Further, it argues that the Thomists, by their own clear though tacit admission, acknowledge this insufficiency.
The immunological Warburg effect: Can a metabolic‐tumor‐stroma score (MeTS) guide cancer immunotherapy?
Authors: Siska Peter J. , Singer Katrin , Evert Katja , Renner Kathrin , Kreutz Marina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe “glycolytic switch” also known as the “Warburg effect” is a key feature of tumor cells and leads to the accumulation of lactate and protons in the tumor environment. Intriguingly, non‐malignant lymphocytes or stromal cells such as tumor‐associated macrophages and cancer‐associated fibroblasts contribute to the lactate accumulation in the tumor environment, a phenomenon described as the “Reverse Warburg effect.” Localized lactic acidosis has a strong immunosuppressive effect and mediates an immune escape of tumors. However, some tumors do not display the Warburg phenotype and either rely on respiration or appear as a mosaic of cells with different metabolic properties. Based on these findings and on the knowledge that T cell infiltration is predictive for patient outcome, we suggest a metabolic‐tumor‐stroma score to determine the likelihood of a successful anti‐tumor immune response: (a) a respiring tumor with high T cell infiltration (“hot”); (b) a reverse Warburg type with respiring tumor cells but glycolytic stromal cells; (c) a mixed type with glycolytic and respiring compartments; and (d) a glycolytic (Warburg) tumor with low T cell infiltration (“cold”). Here, we provide evidence that these types can be independent of the organ of origin, prognostically relevant and might help select the appropriate immunotherapy approach.
Seroprevalence of H7N9 infection among humans: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Qiang , Xu Ke , Xie Weihua , Yang Liuqing , Chen Haiyan , Shi Naiyang , Bao Changjun , Huang Haodi , Zhang Xuefeng , Liao Yilan , Jin Hui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn spring 2013, a novel avian‐origin influenza A (H7N9) virus emerged in mainland China. The burden of H7N9 infection was estimated based on systematic review and meta‐analysis. The systematic search for available literature was conducted using Chinese and English databases. We calculated the pooled seroprevalence of H7N9 infection and its 95% confidence interval by using Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformation. Out of 16 890 records found using Chinese and English databases, 54 articles were included in the meta‐analysis. These included studies of a total of 64 107 individuals. The pooled seroprevalence of H7N9 infection among humans was 0.122% (95% CI: 0.023, 0.275). In high‐risk populations, the highest pooled seroprevalence was observed among close contacts (1.075%, 95% CI: 0.000, 4.357). The seroprevalence among general population was (0.077%, 95% CI: 0.011, 0.180). Our study discovered that asymptomatic infection of H7N9 virus did occur, even if the seroprevalence among humans was low.
Research Review: The strength of the genetic overlap between ADHD and other psychiatric symptoms – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Andersson Anneli , Tuvblad Catherine , Chen Qi , Du Rietz Ebba , Cortese Samuele , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Larsson Henrik 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co‐occurs with other psychiatric disorders. Twin studies have established that these co‐occurrences are in part due to shared genetic risks. However, the strength of these genetic overlaps and the potential heterogeneity accounted for by type of psychiatric symptoms, age, and methods of assessment remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review to fill this gap.MethodsWe searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science until March 07, 2019. Genetic correlations (rg) were used as effect size measures.ResultsA total of 31 independent studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled estimates showed that the associations between ADHD and other psychiatric symptoms were partly explained by shared genetic factors, with a pooled genetic correlation of 0.50, 95% confidence interval: 0.46–0.60. The genetic correlations (rg) between ADHD and externalizing (rg = .49 [0.37–0.61]), internalizing (rg = .50 [0.39–0.69]), and neurodevelopmental (rg = .56 [0.47–0.66]) symptoms were similar in magnitude. The genetic correlations in childhood and adulthood were rg = .53 (0.43–0.63) and rg = .51 (0.44–0.56), respectively. For methods of assessment, the genetic correlations were also similar in strength, self‐reports rg = .52 (0.47–0.58), other informants rg = .55 (0.41–0.69), and combined raters rg = .50 (0.33–0.65).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the co‐occurrence of externalizing, internalizing, and neurodevelopmental disorder symptoms in individuals with ADHD symptoms in part is due to a shared genetic risk.
Roasting impact on the chemical and physical structure of Criollo cocoa variety (Theobroma cacao L)
Authors: Rojas S Myriam , Chejne Farid , Ciro Héctor , Montoya Jorge 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work analyzed the effect of infrared roasting at 100, 150, and 200°C on the main physical and chemical changes of cocoa. Raw and roasted cocoa were analyzed using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), SPME, and GC‐MS. Using MDSC, the fusion of fat at around 35°C, and the desolvation of water and volatile compounds were identified. TGA detected loss of mass of various groups of chemical compounds, including those present pre‐roasting and generated during roasting. The unroasted cocoa's total sugar content of 2.71% decreased to 0.64% when roasted at 200°C, whereas roasting at 200°C generated seven (7) pyrazines. Tetramethylpyrazine is the most abundant, reaching the highest concentration when roasted at 150°C, but decreases when roasted at 200°C, due to the high temperature. To obtain the maximum production of favorable pyrazines, the temperature must be controlled based on the quality objectives of the final product.Practical applicationsThe process of roasting cocoa is of great importance to the chocolate and derivatives industry. Knowledge of the chemical and physical changes that occur during roasting can help to optimize the operating conditions to obtain a better‐quality product, in particular by conserving and developing the flavor and aroma of fine Criollo cocoa varieties. This will support the industrialization of fine cocoas, presenting an option for improving the economic and social development of marginalized countries and communities.
Induction of systemic resistance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens by endophytic bacteria in grapevine
Authors: Asghari Susan , Harighi Behrouz , Ashengroph Morahem , Clement Christophe , Aziz Aziz , Esmaeel Qassim , Ait Barka Essaid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCrown gall disease of grapevine, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, often results in severe economic loss to grape production worldwide. This study demonstrated the ability of the endophytic bacteria Pseudomonas sp. Sn48 and Pantoea sp. Sa14 isolated from domesticated and wild grapevines to induce resistance in both above‐ and belowground tissues of grapevines infected with A. tumefaciens. Our results provide evidence that both strains can colonize roots and/or shoots. We showed that the strains Pseudomonas sp. Sn48 and Pantoea sp. Sa14 are capable of inducing stilbenic phytoalexin production in grapevine tissues and to further prime plantlets for enhanced phytoalexin production after A. tumefaciens inoculation. We also showed that in the majority of treatments, polyamine accumulation remained unchanged or slightly increased in plantlets treated with Pseudomonas sp. Sn48 and Pantoea sp. Sa14 compared with the control. Our findings indicated that the levels of polyamines remain unchanged or significantly decrease in plantlets treated with endophytic bacteria after A. tumefaciens challenge compared to the control and plantlets treated with individual endophytic bacterial strains. PR1, PR2, and PR4 gene expression levels of plantlets treated with Pseudomonas sp. Sn48 and Pantoea sp. Sa14 significantly increased after A. tumefaciens inoculation. The findings revealed the efficacy of the selected endophytic bacteria in triggering grapevine resistance against A. tumefaciens and the possible use of these strains as an alternative to chemical control methods in grapevine crown gall disease management.
Utilization of peritoneal dialysis in the United States: Reasons for underutilization, specifically in New York State and the boroughs of New York City
Authors: Yap Ernie , Joseph Marcia , Sharma Shuchita , El Shamy Osama , Weinberg Alan D. , Delano Barbara G. , Uribarri Jaime , Saggi Subodh J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPeritoneal dialysis (PD) is currently underutilized in the United States (US), even within resource‐rich neighborhoods. We analyzed data from US Renal Data Service to determine PD utilization within the US, New York State (NYS), selected boroughs within New York City (NYC), and Boston, Massachusetts. We then compared the odds of selecting PD with hemodialysis (HD) and analyzed how diabetes mellitus status, age >65 years, gender, and race influenced PD utilization between 2010 and 2016. We then compared a high‐volume PD center (HVC) with a low‐volume PD center (LVC). The odds of starting PD vs HD were as follows: Brooklyn 0.30 (0.25‐0.36; <0.0001), Bronx 0.56 (0.47‐0.67; <0.0001), Queens 0.66 (0.54‐0.80; <0.0001), and Manhattan 0.61 (0.52‐0.71; <0.0001). In 2016, the odds of starting PD compared with the rest of the US were as follows: Brooklyn 0.14 (0.08‐0.22; <0.0001), Bronx 0.39 (0.27‐0.56; <0.0001), Queens 0.32 (0.23‐0.45; <0.0001), Manhattan 0.54 (0.36‐0.79; 0.002), and Boston 0.89 (0.58‐1.4; 0.624). Analysis of influencing factors showed that only age >65 significantly (<0.0001) influenced PD modality selection in Brooklyn and Boston. Differences between HVC and LVC in terms of modality transition, peritonitis rate, or provider:patient ratio were not statistically significant. Factors that influence PD utilization in urban neighborhoods are discussed and remediation measures are proposed.
The utility of wing morphometrics for assigning type specimens to cryptic bumblebee species
Authors: Gérard Maxence , Martinet Baptiste , Dehon Manuel , Rasmont Pierre , Williams Paul H. , Michez Denis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince the beginning of taxonomy, species have been described based on morphology, but the advent of using semio‐chemicals and genetics has led to the discovery of cryptic species (i.e. morphologically similar species). When a new cryptic species is described, earlier type specimens have to be re‐evaluated, although this process can be challenging as only nondestructive methods ought to be used in order to preserve the integrity of the type specimens. Methods should allow comparison with recently collected specimens clustered based on chemical, ethological and/or genetic traits with old specimens (i.e. type specimens) where only morphological traits are available. Here we develop a method based on geometric morphometric analyses of wing shape for a taxonomically challenging group of bumblebees, the subgenus Alpinobombus Skorikov. We consider nine monophyletic taxa (including several cryptic species) to assess the accuracy of this method to discriminate the taxa based on their wing shape and then to attribute type specimens using a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation procedure. We show that, for these bees, wing shape is taxon‐specific, except for two sister taxa for which the species status is still debated. Moreover, for most of the taxa, type specimens were correctly attributed with high posterior probabilities of attribution, except for a few type specimens corresponding to the same two sister taxa where taxa delimitation based on wing shape was previously the subject of discussion. Our study highlights the potential of geometric morphometric analyses to help in the re‐attribution of type specimens when the existence of cryptic species is revealed.