bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Nanoscale Imaging of Exciton Localization in Carbon Nanotubes with Far-Field Microscopy
Authors: Danné Noémie , Godin Antoine G , Kwon Hyejin , Kim Mijin , Lounis Brahim , Wang YuHuang , Cognet Laurent 
Published: February 2020

Sub-wavelength localization of single molecule emission allows super-resolution imaging in the far-field, in particular upon control of molecule blinking properties. This possibility opened many applications in biology[1]. Accordingly, by inducing and analyzing nanotube photoluminescence blinking [2], far-field super-resolution imaging of exciton luminescence was demonstrated in pristine carbon nanotubes and in addition, the presence of luminescence defects which were undetectable with regular diffraction-limited far-field microscopy, could be revealed [3].
The chemical control of nanotube brightening through the creation of luminescent defects [4] triggered great interest about exciton localization processes in carbon nanotubes as well as great hopes for many applications ranging from quantum optics to biological applications. We will present our current efforts to study luminescent defect localization in carbon nanotube having controlled chemical and morphological properties [5].

References

[1] Godin et al , Biophys. J, (2014).
[2] Cognet et al, Science (2007).
[3] Cognet et al, Nanolett. (2008).
[4] Piao et al Nat. Chem. (2013).
[5] Danné et al in preparation
Development of Utility Friendly Olivine Based ESS in Esstalion Technologies
Authors: Asakawa Yuichiro , Daigle Jean-Christophe , Yasuda Masayuki , Karim Zaghib , Uesaka Shinichi 
Published: February 2020

One of the promising approaches for striking a balance of realizing sustainable society and maximizing utility’s profit is to apply energy storage system (ESS). There’re many use cases proposed (1), such as reserve, regulation, peak shaving, time shift, load following, smoothing, and minimum emission. To answer these demands, the development of a battery with high rate of charging and discharging, a longer cycle life and safe is imperative.
Esstalion Technologies Inc. was established in 2014 as a joint venture company between Sony Corporation and Hydro-Québec.(2)
We are the first corporate joint venture between battery manufacturer and utility.
Since then, we’ve developed utility friendly ESS based on lithium ion battery technology for grid scale utilization.
Since we put our importance on safety and long-life, our core technology is olivine based material which is patented by Hydro Québec and commercialise by Sony as Fortelion. (3)
We’ve started in field testing using 1.2 MWh ESS in 2016.
In Esstalion, we try to bring innovation by gathering “multi-wisdom” in ONE ESSTALION team, doing the new material research, BMS/EMS development and ROI calculation etc.
We propose a brief review of our technologies and we will show an example of our efforts to enhance the key properties of the Li-ion battery.
(1) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Protocol for Uniformly Measuring and Expressing the Performance of Energy Storage Systems
(2) Press Release, Establishment of Esstalion Technologies, Inc., a joint venture between Hydro-Québec and Sony, 2014
(3) News Release, Sony Launches High-power, Long-life Lithium Ion Secondary Battery
Using Olivine-type Lithium Iron Phosphate as the Cathode Material, 2009
Meso and Microstructural Interactions in Porous Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Deva Abhas , García R. Edwin 
Published: February 2020

Rechargeable batteries are porous electrochemical structures composed of secondary particles, which are aggregates of single crystal primary particles, pores, cracks, and processing-induced phases and features. The underlying meso and microstructural topology, including its size, size distribution, morphology and crystallographic orientation of each of the underlying phases impacts the delivered power and energy density. While it is clear that the component with the lowest efficiency will be the bottleneck to performance of the overall device, the understanding of the fundamentals associated to the different electrochemical and chemomechanical interactions of the underlying phases remains unclear. In this paper we will discuss the meso and microstructural limitations associated to porous cathode electrodes, and will outline strategies to tune the response of primary and secondary particle configurations for high power or energy density applications.
An Experimental Analysis on the Impacts of Current Pulsing with Varying Current Amplitudes on Lithium-Ion Cells
Authors: Rajagopalan Kannan Dhevathi Rajan , Weatherspoon Mark H. , Moss Pedro L. 
Published: February 2020

Lithium-ion cells can be charged using different techniques. CCCV (constant current, constant voltage) charging is the standard method that is typically employed for charging the lithium ion batteries/cells. A theoretical analysis of pulse charging using varying current amplitudes with the relaxation periods has shown reduction in the charging time without reaching lithium saturation over the period [1]. It is based on the concept of increasing surface concentration of lithium at initial stages and maintaining the concentration value close to the saturation, resulting in enhanced performance.
The objective of this work is to experimentally analyze the impacts of varying current pulse amplitudes on the lithium ion battery materials. This method comprises constant width charging, a rest period and decrease in applied current as the charging progress. Implementing the pulsed currents of different amplitudes on cathodic (Lithium Iron Phosphate, Lithium Manganese Dioxide) and anodic (Graphite and Li 4Ti5O12) half cells separately will impact the electrode materials in various ways. The results of charging time and effects on the electrode materials are compared with conventional charging method.
Figures 1 and 2 show the constant current and a portion of pulsed current profile that are used in the analysis. In this experiment, pulsed current profile is controlled by varying the duty cycle and relaxation periods between pulses while the current amplitudes are reduced as the charging progress. SEM and equivalent circuit modelling based on EIS data are used in analyzing the impacts of both the charging protocols on the lithium-ion cells.

References:

[1] B. K. Purushothaman and U. Landau, “Rapid Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Pulsed Currents A Theoretical Analysis,” J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 153, no. 3, pp. A533–A542, Mar. 2006.

Figure 1
On Cell Variability and Fade Mechanisms in High Energy Density Lithium Batteries
Authors: Nagpure Shrikant C , Dufek Eric J. , Liaw Bor Yann , Wood Sean M , Dickerson Charles C , Tanim Tanvir 
Published: February 2020

Li-ion battery technology is approaching its limits in terms of capacity density and energy density based on current anode and cathode materials, which poses a technical challenge for increasing the range of electric vehicles and minimizing overall battery pack size. An alternative lithium battery technology utilizing a high capacity cathode such as a Ni-rich layered oxide can theoretically deliver an energy density upwards of 500 Wh/kg [1].
Combined with a lithium anode and a suitable liquid electrolyte, one such Nickel–rich layered oxide, LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC 622), has the theoretical potential to deliver batteries with an energy density of at least 500 Wh/kg [2, 3]. Here we have studied the performance of such high energy density full cells comprised of a Li metal anode, NMC622 cathode, and 1.2 M in LiPF6 (3:7) EC:EMC electrolyte.
In order to better understand and compare the performance of different systems, a deep understanding of cell variability and its impact on fade mechanisms is necessary [4]. Hence, challenges in identifying true fade mechanisms due to cell variability will be discussed The presentation will cover the different fade mechanisms and their gradual progression as observed during cycling of these cells. Differential capacity analysis was applied to identify different fade mechanisms and to quantify degradation modes. The different fade mechanisms are related to variations in cells. Statistical analyses will be presented to characterize and quantify cell variability based on the different fade mechanisms observed.
References:
[1] M. Stanley Whittingham, “Ultimate Limits to Intercalation Reactions for Lithium Batteries,” Chem. Rev, 114, 11414 (2014)
[2] Hyung-Joo Noh, Sungjune Youn, Chong Seung Yoon, and Yang-Kook Sun, “Comparison of the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Layered Li[NixCoyMnz])2 (x = 1/3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.85) Cathode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries,” J Power Sources, 233, 121 (2013)
[3] Arumugam Manthiram, Bohang Song, and Wangda Li, “A Perspective on Nickel-rich Layered Oxide Cathodes for Lithium-ion Batteries,” Energy Storage Materials, 6, 125 (2017)
[4]Matthieu Dubarry, Nicolas Vuillaume, and Bor Yann Liaw, “Origins and Accommodation of Cell Variations in Li-ion Battery Pack Modeling,” Intl J of Energy Res, 34, 216 (2009)
Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based on Ion Conductive Nanofiber Framework for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Tanaka Manabu , Watanabe Tsukasa , Inafune Yuta , Kawakami Hiroyoshi 
Published: February 2020

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) have been expected as high safety and reliable materials compared with conventional organic liquid electrolytes. In order to apply polymer electrolytes to all-solid-state Lithium Ion Battery (LIB), it is essential to improve their lithium ion conductivity and membrane stability. In this study, we focused on polymer nanofibers to overcome these issues on SPEs for LIB applications.
Polymer nanofibers have unique characteristics such as high surface area, good mechanical property, and great material transport property [1]. We have reported fabrication, characterizations, and applications of various functional polymer nanofibers prepared by an electrospinning method [2]. Recently, we developed proton or anion conductive polymer nanofibers and revealed their outstanding ion conductive properties [3]. The nanofiber framework (NfF) composite membranes consisting of the ion conductive nanofibers and polymer electrolyte matrix showed remarkable fuel cell properties due to their improved ion conductivity, gas barrier property, and membrane stability [4].
Here presents our recent work on lithium ion conductive polymer nanofibers and their application to all-solid-state LIBs. The electrospinning method was attempted to fabricate lithium ion conductive NfFs composed of lithium salt and polymers bearing ethylene oxide units in their main or side chains. The lithium ion conductive NfF composite membranes were prepared by filling polymer electrolyte matrices into the voids of the NfFs. Electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the NfFs and NfF composite membranes were evaluated to demonstrate improved electrolyte characteristics. Fabrication and evaluation of all-solid-state LIBs based on the NfF composite membranes will also be reported.

Acknowledgements

This work is partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI (26410225), and a grant (Platform for Technology and Industry) from Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Japan.

References

[1] (a) Thavasi, V., Singh, G.; Ramakrishna, S. Energy Environ. Sci.
2008, 1, 205-221. (b) Reneker, D. H.; Yarin, A. L. Polymer
2008, 49, 2387-2425.
[2] e.g. (a) Arai, T.; Tanaka, M; Kawakami, H. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
2012, 4, 5453-5457. (b) Sode, K.; Tanaka, M.; Suzuki, Y.; Kawakami, H. Nanoscale
2013, 5, 8235-8241.
[3] (a) Takemori, R.; Ito, G.; Tanaka, M.; Kawakami, H. RSC Advances
2014, 4, 20005-20009. (b) Watanabe, T.; Tanaka, M.; Kawakami, H. Nanoscale 2016, 8, 19614-19619. (c) (Focus Review) Tanaka, M. Polym. J.
2016, 48, 51-58.
[4] (a) Tanaka, M.; Takeda, Y.; Wakiya, T.; Wakamoto, Y.; Harigaya, K.; Ito, T.; Tarao, T.; Kawakami, H. J. Power Sources
2017, 342, 125-134. (b) Tanaka, M.; Makinouchi, T.; Kawakami, H. J. Memb. Sci.
2017, 530, 65-72. (c) Watanabe, T.; Tanaka, M.; Kawakami, H. Polym. Int.
2017 66, 382-387.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Li2Mn0.25Co0.75SiO4/C Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries through Reduced Graphene Oxide Addition
Authors: Yamashita Hiroki , Ogami Takaaki , Kanamura Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2020

Lithium transition metal orthosilicates (Li2MSiO4, where M=Fe, Mn, Co, or Ni)1 are promising cathode materials for Li-ion batteries with their high capacity (>300 mAh g−1) and high safety. Particularly, Li2MnSiO4 is expected to have a higher discharge capacity than Li2FeSiO4 and Li2CoSiO4, owing to the extraction of two lithium ions at lower voltage (4.1 and 4.5V) relative to them.1 However, practical energy density of Li2MnSiO4 is much less than the theoretical one due to its lower average discharge voltage (~3 V).2 One strategy to improve discharge voltage of Li2MnSiO4 is to substitute Co into Mn. Because Li2CoSiO4 practically exhibits a well-defined plateau near 4.25 V,3 and this is higher than that of Li2MnSiO4. On the other hand, recently, many researchers have focused their work on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) addition for cathode materials to improve their electrochemical performance.4 In this work, various content of RGO addition for Li2Mn0.25Co0.75SiO4/C (LMCS/RGO/C) were investigated to improve its electrochemical performance. LMCS/RGO/C was synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by carbon coating. In addition, Li2Mn0.25Co0.75SiO4/C (LMCS/C) was also synthesized for comparison. Furthermore, crystallographical and morphological data by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope as well as galvanostatic cycling and rate performance were also collected. Fig. 1 shows the first galvanostatic charge-discharge curves for LMCS/RGO/C and LMCS/C at a current rate of 330 mA g−1 in a voltage range of 1.5–4.5 V at 30 °C. The first discharge capacities of LMCS/RGO/C and LMCS/C were 160 and 143 mAh g−1, respectively, and the corresponding coulombic efficiencies were 78.2 and 71.9 %. This indicates that RGO addition for LMCS/C enhances the electrochemical performance. Detailed data of our investigation will be presented in the meeting.
References:
1. M. E. A. Dompablo, et al., Electrochem. Commun., 2006, 8, 1292–1298.
2. A. Bhaskar, et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2012, 159(12), A1954–A1960.
3. C. Lyness, et al., Chem. Commun., 2007, 4890–4892.
4. L.H. Hu, et al., Nature Communications, 2013, 4, 1687.

Figure 1
(Corrosion Division H. H. Uhlig Award Address) Advanced Experimental and Modelling Approaches to Understand and Predict Better Corrosion of Metals
Authors: Terryn Herman 
Published: February 2020

In the advanced materials industry, there is a clear trend towards more sustainable concepts, and this is certainly also the case for metals. They take a prominent position in the materials market thanks to their multifunctionality and structural and mechanical properties. However, metals are prone to corrosion, and therefore often organic coatings are applied to extend their lifetime. The search for organic coated metals with higher multifunctionality and extended lifetime goes together with the search for more sustainable material concepts in the context of the REACH regulation.
Nowadays, materials are developed for providing components with a lifetime ranging from 10 to 25 years. The lifetime of a material highly depends on its exposure to the environment inducing ageing processes. In the current state of the art, lifetime and ageing assessment are performed by means of experiments, combining accelerated and field testing. The limitation of the first is that the conditions of the accelerated tests are not representative for the real environmental conditions and that there is no proven relationship between accelerated laboratory tests and field performance data. The limitation of the second is that it takes several years (5 to 10 years).
The only way to realise a substantial decrease in the development time of new materials is to introduce modelling in the design cycle. What is needed to realize a breakthrough in this field is a tool that can predict quantitatively and dynamically the corrosion behaviour of (organic coated ) metals. The long term scientific motivation of our research is to build a knowledge and technology platform to enable the prediction of durability behaviour and the estimation of lifetime of (organic coated) metals under long-term environmental ageing and corrosion conditions. This requires advanced research because corrosion of a (organic coated) metal is the result of an intense interplay between several physical phenomena that need to be characterized in real conditions and modelled. Within VUB and TUDelft research we try to focus on both aspects bringing in new advanced combined electrochemical & in situ surface analysis, advanced finite element electrochemical modelling and more recently quantum chemical modelling. During the lecture an overview will be given on our state of the art in the different domains, emphasizing some success but also bringing bottlenecks when it really comes to predictions of corrosion.
Acknowledgements: all VUB-SURF and TUDELFT-CTE colleagues for the excellent collaborations.
Micro-Electrochemical Method for Investigating Localized Corrosion
Authors: Summers Kodi , Chidambaram Dev 
Published: February 2020

With an ever increasing demand for advanced materials, methods for developing and studying these advanced materials has also increased. Diffusion multiples is one method that is poised to change how alloys are developed. However, characterization of these diffusion multiples must also be able to match the idealized high-throughput of this method of alloy development. Traditional corrosion studies utilizing electrochemical methods are conducted over relatively large areas and are inadequate for investigation of the micron-scale diffusion layers formed in diffusion multiples. This study will highlight the development of a micro-electrochemical apparatus and report preliminary results of corrosion studies on diffusion couples, non-traditionally welded materials, and technique verification utilizing a micron-scale examination area.
This work was performed under the auspices of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) under contracts NRC-HQ-84-16-G-0033. Ms. Nancy Hebron-Isreal serves as the grants program officer for the NRC awards.
Selection Device with Cu Doped-Chalcogenide Material for 3D Cross-Point Array Structure of 1selector-1resistor Memory Cells
Authors: Kwon Ki-Hyun , Song Myung-JIn , Kim Dong-Won , Kim Hea-Jee , Jin Soo-Min , Kim Do Jun , Yang Hun-Mo , Park Jea-Gun 
Published: February 2020

Resistive random access memories (ReRAMs) have been researched to replace current NAND flash memory due to non-volatile memory characteristics, low power consumption, high operation speed, and minimum 4F2 memory cell size[1]. However, to achieve high density of tera-bit level cells, it is needed to operate ReRAM cells with cross-point array structure which required selection device to limit the sneak current path in high-density ReRAM cells. Therefore, recently bi-directional selection devices with two-terminal structure such as ovonic threshold switching (OTS)[2], p-n-p type (PNP)[3], and mixed ionic electronic conduction (MIEC)[4] have been researched to suppress the sneak current path. In this work, we investigated the electrical features of the selection device with Cu-doped chalcogenide material to attain high non-linearity(>105), high on-state current(Ion
)(>10 MA/cm2) and low off-state current(Ioff
)(<0.01 kA/cm2) because Cu ions moved well by E-field and generated interstitials/vacancies acting as dopants. We fabricated the selection device of the structure of W / Cu-doped chalcogenide material / Pt by varying the pattern size of ranging 34 to 1,921 nm as shown in Fig.1. The device performance of Ion
, Ioff
, threshold voltage(VT
), and non-linearity(Ion @Von/Ioff @1/2Von
) was characterized. The Cu-doped chalcogenide material layer was deposited by RF magnetron co-sputtering on W bottom electrode patterned by photo lithography process. Then, Pt top electrode was deposited by DC magnetron sputtering. The selection device with Cu-doped chalcogenide material demonstrated threshold voltage of ~1.0 V, low Ioff
of < 3.66 mA/cm2, Ion
of > 1.82 A/cm2, and non-linearity of > 500 as shown in Fig.2. Finally, we present how the device performance is affected by varying the film thickness, annealing temperature, device size and stack-layer structure. In addition, the uniformity and the reliability of the selection device such as endurance cycling and retention time were investigated. In particular, the mechanism on operating behavior of the selection device will be presented by analyzing the composition and crystallinity of Cu-doped chalcogenide film by using Auger, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

*This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy(MOTIE, Korea) under Industrial Technology Innovation Program (10068055), the Brain Korea 21 Plus 2016, Republic of Korea and Hanyang University-Samsung Electronics selector research project.

Reference
[1] Choi, B. J et al., Advanced Materials 23, 3847-3852 (2011).
[2] S. Kim et al., VLSI, T240 (2013)
[3] S. Jo et al., IEDM, 6.7.1 (2014)
[4] G. Burr et al., VLSI, p41 (2012)

Figure 1