bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revising the interrelationship matrix of house of quality by the Kano model
Authors: Shahin Arash , Ebrahimi Sima 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis study aims to revise the weights in the interrelationship matrix of the house of quality.Desqign/methodology/approachAfter determining customer requirements (CRs) and product design characteristics (PDCs), a house of quality (HoQ) has been developed and the interrelationships between CRs and PDCs have been determined and classified using the Kano model. The PDCs have been prioritized based on the classic HoQ and the revised HoQ. Finally the results have been compared and discussed. The television design of Entekhab Industrial Group, the largest producer of home appliance products in Iran has been selected as a case study.FindingsResults indicated different sets of priorities derived from the two approaches. Particularly, the difference between the revised HoQ and the classic approach was due to the nonlinear relationship between CRs and PDCs.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was performed merely on a single product of a company, and the case study results cannot be generalized to all of the home appliance industries.Originality/valueDeveloping the application of the Kano model in computing and revising the weights of the cells in the interrelationship matrix of HoQ is the main contribution of this paper.
The Dismissal of Prime Ministers in the Asian Commonwealth: Comparing Democratic Deconsolidation in Malaysia and Sri Lanka
Authors: Welikala Asanga 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article comparatively analyses processes of democratic deconsolidation in the Asian Commonwealth states of Malaysia and Sri Lanka by examining two recent constitutional crises in which the head of state dismissed, or attempted to dismiss, the serving prime minister during a parliamentary term. These episodes brought to a close fledgling reform movements that had obtained historic electoral mandates in both countries. The article discusses the Westminster‐derived constitutional provisions concerning government formation as well as the distinctive features of political culture that animate those formal frameworks in the two countries. It is argued that while Malaysia and Sri Lanka possess the formal institutions of liberal democracy that notionally enable both pluralistic democracy and greater democratisation, their political cultures still have sufficient potency to be a counteracting force against the deeper consolidation of constitutional democracy. Democratisation therefore remains a work in progress in both countries.
Investors’ Rights in (Crypto) Custodial Holdings: Ruscoe v Cryptopia Ltd (in Liquidation)
Authors: Solinas Matteo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRuscoe v Cryptopia Ltd (in Liquidation) is a landmark decision of the New Zealand High Court that considers for the first time in a comprehensive way whether cryptocurrencies are property at common law and to what extent account holders’ (interests in) cryptocurrencies are protected from the claims of the insolvent crypto‐exchange's creditors. The ruling relies on a body of case law from various common law jurisdictions and, to a significant extent, on the findings of the UK Jurisdiction Taskforce Legal Statement on Cryptoassets and Smart Contracts. In tackling complex areas of legal uncertainty, it provides an authoritative conceptual benchmark for future court decisions and normative initiatives.
From starving artist to entrepreneur. Justificatory pluralism in visual artists' grant proposals
Authors: Peters Julia , Roose Henk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInspired by French pragmatism and using Bourdieu's notion of “refraction” as an indication of a field's autonomy, we explore in‐depth what kinds of justifications visual artists deploy to legitimate their requests for government money. Based on 494 government grant proposals from visual artists between 1965 and 2015 in Belgium, we find six such justifications. The reputational, esthetic, and romantic justifications are grounded in autonomous criteria of worth, such as artistic CVs, the work of art itself, and a compulsive desire to make art. Since the 90s, social, academic, and entrepreneurial justifications bring in heteronomous criteria, or refractions of field‐external values. Artistic practices become increasingly legitimized through engagement with social/political issues, academic methods and terminology, and an entrepreneurial spirit. We empirically show how the refraction of governmental logics is multi‐faceted, yet always related to or combined with artistic concerns, which we interpret as characteristic for the artistic field's persisting autonomy in the face of heteronomous pressures.
CRISPR/Cas9‐based functional analysis of yellow gene in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella
Authors: Wang Yajun , Huang Yuping , Xu Xuejiao , Liu Zhaoxia , Li Jianyu , Zhan Xue , Yang Guang , You Minsheng , You Shijun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is an economically important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. This pest is notorious for rapid evolution of the resistance to different classes of insecticides, making it increasingly difficult to control. Genetics‐based control approaches, through manipulation of target genes, have been reported as promising supplements or alternatives to traditional methods of pest management. Here we identified a gene of pigmentation (yellow) in P. xylostella, Pxyellow, which encodes 1674 bp complementary DNA sequence with four exons and three introns. Using the clustered regularly interspersed palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 system, we knocked out Pxyellow, targeting two sites in Exon III, to generate 272 chimeric mutants (57% of the CRISPR‐treated individuals) with color‐changed phenotypes of the 1st to 3rd instar larvae, pupae, and adults, indicating that Pxyellow plays an essential role in the body pigmentation of P. xylostella. Fitness analysis revealed no significant difference in the oviposition of adults, the hatchability of eggs, and the weight of pupae between homozygous mutants and wildtypes, suggesting that Pxyellow is not directly involved in regulation of growth, development, or reproduction. This work advances our understanding of the genetic and insect science molecular basis for body pigmentation of P. xylostella, and opens a wide avenue for development of the genetically based pest control techniques using Pxyellow as a screening marker.
Pay for Outsiders: Incentive Compensation for Nonfamily Executives in Family Firms*
Authors: Li Zhi , Ryan Harley E. , Wang Lingling 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWe use a hand‐collected sample of 1,628 S&P 1500 firms and more than 12,000 executives to examine how family firms compensate nonfamily executives. Family firms comprise a large percentage of firms around the world, and most of their executives are not members of the founding family. Moreover, the founding family's engagement in the firm alters agency conflicts, which in turn should influence the design of incentive compensation. However, there is no empirical evidence on whether and how the incentive compensation of nonfamily executives differs between family and nonfamily firms. Our study intends to fill this gap in the literature. Consistent with our predictions, nonfamily executives in family firms receive significantly less performance‐based pay and equity‐based pay. Family monitoring, risk aversion, and a reluctance to dilute family ownership all contribute to the pay differences. Although incentive pay and total pay are lower in family firms, nonfamily executives receive safer pay and enjoy greater job stability. An analysis of executives' moves across firms suggests that ownership structure, not executives' preferences, is more likely the driver of pay differences between family and nonfamily firms. Our findings suggest that researchers should consider founding family's engagement to avoid misleading inferences with regard to the determinants of incentive compensation, and our findings should help compensation consultants better understand and implement pay packages for family firms and nonfamily firms. The results also imply that uniform compensation regulations intended to improve the monitoring of executives in widely held firms may not be as effective in family firms.
Evoregions: Mapping shifts in phylogenetic turnover across biogeographic regions
Authors: Maestri Renan , Duarte Leandro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Biogeographic regionalization offers context to the geographical evolution of clades. The positions of bioregions inform both the spatial location of clusters in species distribution and where their most important boundaries are. Nevertheless, defining bioregions based on species distribution alone only incidentally recovers regions that are important during the evolution of the focal group. The extent to which bioregions correspond to centres of independent diversification depends on how clusters of species composition naturally reflect the radiation of single clades, which is not the case when mixed colonization occurred.

Here, we show that using phylogenetic turnover based on fuzzy sets, instead of species composition, led to adequate detection of evolutionarily important bioregions, that is, regions that account for the independent diversification of lineages. Mapping those evoregions in the phylogenetic tree quickly reveals the timing and location of major shifts of biogeographic regions. Moreover, evolutionary transition zones are easily mapped, and permit the recognition of regions with high phylogenetic overlap.

Our results using the global radiation of rats and mice (Muroidea) recovered four evoregions—three major evolutionary arenas corresponding to the Neotropics, a Nearctic‐Siberian, and a Paleotropical‐Australian evoregion and a fourth and fuzzy Afro‐Palearctic evoregion. Transition zones among evoregions were minimized when compared to other methods considering or not phylogenetic information, that is, the affiliation of cells to their assigned region was higher using evoregions than other approaches. Such higher affiliation values result from the lower phylogenetic overlap within evoregions, as expected when single radiations are accounted for as best as possible.

Evoregions is a useful framework whenever the question is related to the identification of the most important centres of a group's diversification history and its evolutionary transitions zones.
Self‐reported exercise frequency and PTSD: results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study
Authors: Adams T. G. , Forte J. , Fogle B. M. , Southwick S. M. , Pietrzak R. H. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivePhysical exercise may serve as a protective factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but little is known about whether physical exercise is associated with PTSD in population‐based samples of military veterans.MethodsWe analyzed cross‐sectional data on the relation between self‐reported physical exercise frequency and the prevalence of probable PTSD in a nationally representative sample of 2832 U.S. military veterans who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study.ResultsA “U‐shaped” association best explained the relation between self‐reported exercise frequency and the prevalence of probable PTSD. Compared to veterans without probable PTSD, those with probable PTSD were nearly twice as likely to report no weekly exercise (52.3% vs. 29.3%) or daily (7 days/week) exercise (15.2% vs. 8.5%) and were nearly half as likely to report exercising a median of 3.5 days/week (32.6% vs. 62.1%). No exercise was associated with greater severity of emotional numbing and lower severity of anxious arousal symptoms, while daily exercise was associated with greater severity of re‐experiencing symptoms.ConclusionsResults of this study suggest a “U‐shaped” association between self‐reported exercise frequency and the prevalence of probable PTSD among U.S. veterans. Veterans with probable PTSD were more likely than those without probable PTSD to report not exercising at all or exercising every day and were less likely to report exercising 1–6 days per week. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Trends in cannabis use and attitudes toward legalization and use among Australians from 2001–2016: an age‐period‐cohort analysis
Authors: Kaur Navdep , Keyes Katherine M. , Hamilton Ava D. , Chapman Cath , Livingston Michael , Slade Tim , Swift Wendy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsChanges in cannabis legalization and availability in Australia necessitate monitoring use and attitudes. We estimated age–period–cohort effects of past‐year cannabis use and attitudes toward criminalization and legalization.DesignAnalysis of six waves of the Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS) every 3 years (2001–2016).Setting and participantsThe study was nationally representative of Australian households using multistage random sampling, totaling 145 168 respondents 18–79 years old. Data were collected using telephone, face‐to‐face, and drop‐and‐collect. Sample sizes per analysis varied based on data availability (~107 000–127 000 per model).MeasurementsSix waves of data for past‐year cannabis use (by sex and education), attitudes toward criminalization and legalization.FindingsPast‐year cannabis use decreased in young adults ages 18–35 from 2001–2016 (25.1%–18.6%) and increased in middle adults ages 36–55 (8.6%–10.1%) and older adults ages 56–79 (0.6%–3.0%). We observed a positive period effect and negative cohort effect for recent cohorts for past‐year use (e.g. 1955 cohort had 1.41 (95% CI: [1.11, 1.70]) increased log odds vs. 1998 cohort had −2.86 (95% CI: [−3.17, −2.55]) increased log odds) compared with the mean across years. Results were consistent by sex and varied by education. We observed a negative period effect for criminalization favorability (0.14 (95% CI: [0.003, 0.28]) increased log odds in 2001 vs. ‐0.31 (95% CI: [−0.45, −0.17]) increased log odds in 2016) and positive cohort effect for recent cohorts. Last, we observed a positive period effect for legalization support (−0.03 (95% CI: [−0.20, 0.14]) increased log odds in 2001 vs. 0.38 (95% CI: [0.22, 0.55]) increased log odds in 2016) and negative cohort effect for recent cohorts.ConclusionCannabis use appears to be increasing in Australia among adults over 35, while decreasing among adolescents and young adults. Legalization support also appears to have been increasing since 2007, signaling discordance between use and attitudes among adolescents and young adults, and potentially predicting increases in use over time.
Sustainable agricultural intensification practices and cost efficiency in smallholder maize farms: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Oumer Ali M. , Burton Michael , Hailu Atakelty , Mugera Amin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSustainable agricultural intensification (SAI) practices have been promoted in developing countries to improve farm productivity and environmental services. However, it is still unclear whether use of a combination of SAI practices has a significant influence on the cost efficiency of smallholder farms. This study investigates whether the cost efficiency of smallholder maize producers in Ethiopia depends on use of input‐augmenting and agronomic SAI practices. Stochastic cost frontier models that account for heterogeneity across farms are used for estimation. We find that the use of individual SAI practices increases cost while the combined use of the practices reduces it. The marginal effect on cost reduction is substantial when SAI practices are set at their sample maximum levels. Overall, the results demonstrate the benefit of using a combination of SAI practices in minimizing production cost while addressing the adverse effects of soil degradation and climate variability. To enhance food security, smallholder farm incomes and the sustainability of production in developing countries, policy programs should focus on promoting packages of input‐augmenting and agronomic SAI practices.
Integrating novel engineering strategies into STEM education: APP design and an assessment of engineering‐related attitudes
Authors: Wang Liyan , Chiang Feng‐Kuang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScience, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education has become an international priority. STEM education provides students with interdisciplinary knowledge and promotes the cultivation of high‐level skills. However, STEM training opportunities for teachers are rare, which results in fewer opportunities for primary and secondary students to receive high‐quality engineering education. Novel Engineering is an innovative strategy to integrate engineering and literacy in STEM education. To this end, the researchers developed, implemented and evaluated a novel engineering STEM software program based on the story of Robinson Crusoe. A quasi‐experimental single‐group pre‐ and posttest research method was adopted. A total of 72 students in two seventh grade classes at a junior middle school in Shanghai participated in the study. Data were collected and analysed through STEM learning interest scales, flow status scales, interviews and students’ STEM work scores. The research findings demonstrated that students gave a high evaluation of the novel engineering STEM software program. Furthermore, this STEM software program contributed to students’ significant improvements in the attitudes of mathematics and 21st century skill and provided students with a lasting and better flow experience. Finally, suggestions were proposed for STEM software design, implementation and evaluation.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Novel engineering is an innovative teaching strategy to integrate literacy and engineering in K12 education.
Students can take classroom literature from the existing curriculum, like stories, novels and textbook to use the basis for engineering design challenges. Through this approach, they learn to identify problems, to design realistic solutions, and to engage in the Engineering Design Process, all while reinforcing their STEM literacy.
Teamwork, short‐term projects and problem‐based learning benefits students' STEM learning.
What this paper adds

This paper uses a STEM APP as the scaffolding to integrate STEM instruction and novel engineering.
This paper investigates students' usage status from interest, flow state, interview and other dimensions.
Software design is problem‐driven, team‐driven, responsibility assigned to work together on a short‐term task.
Implications for practice and/or policy

This paper develops STEM software based on novel engineering to provide ideas for other developers.
This paper provides advice to practitioners of similar STEM programs.
STEM software of novel engineering is verified as one kind of learning scaffolding.
Sondage auprès des fonctionnaires fédéraux : Synthèse des contributions canadiennes à la recherche
Authors: Charbonneau Étienne , Morin Geneviève , Slama Itizez , Bèye Fatou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor about twenty years, Public Administration scholars have used the data from the Public Service Employee Survey (PSES) for their research. Two studies evaluated the uses of data, measurement models and internal validity of the U.S. government’s Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS), and none on the use of PSES data. The article reviews studies that used Canadian PSES data to promote social science research and seeks to stimulate discussion of PSES's future and opportunities for strategic human resources research in Canada. [The table most useful for researchers is available here in English: Table 3. Aggregation of PSES Elements Assigned to Theoretical Constructs.]
Circulating circERBB2 as a potential prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer: An investigative study
Authors: Nanishi Kenji , Konishi Hirotaka , Shoda Katsutoshi , Arita Tomohiro , Kosuga Toshiyuki , Komatsu Shuhei , Shiozaki Atsushi , Kubota Takeshi , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Okamoto Kazuma , Ichikawa Daisuke , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCircular RNA is a novel endogenous non‐coding RNA that can serve as a biomarker because of its stable loop structure. We investigated and examined the utility of plasma circERBB2 as a prognostic biomarker in 70 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy. We investigated by real‐time quantitative PCR the circERBB2 concentrations in the preoperative and postoperative plasma and the circERBB2 expression in the resected tumors. The relationships between circERBB2 concentration in plasma and the clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed. circERBB2 was detected in the preoperative plasma samples of 37 patients. The presence of circERBB2 in preoperative plasma (high group) was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = .035) and tended to be correlated with men (P = .069). Both relapse‐free and overall survival were significantly poor in the high group (P = .001 and P = .009, respectively). The Cox proportional‐hazard model revealed that the high group was an independent prognostic factor of relapse‐free survival (P = .038). Among 16 patients of the high group, 13 patients did not show circERBB2 in the postoperative plasma. The concentration of circERBB2 in plasma was significantly higher in patients with recurrent cancer than those recurrence‐free patients (P < .001). In 2 patients with recurrent cancer, plasma circERBB2 concentrations were increased, whereas, in 2 recurrence‐free patients, these concentrations hardly changed during the treatment progress. The circERBB2 concentrations in preoperative plasma samples can be considered as a noninvasive prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer. Furthermore, monitoring the postoperative plasma circERBB2 concentrations may be useful for detecting gastric cancer recurrences.
Null association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels with allergic rhinitis, allergic sensitization and non‐allergic rhinitis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Feng Qi , Bønnelykke Klaus , Ek Weronica E. , Chawes Bo L. , Yuan Shuai , Cheung Ching Lung , Li Gloria HY , Leung Raymond YH , Cheung Bernard MY 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious observational studies have not found a conclusive association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and allergic rhinitis (AR) or allergic sensitization (AS).ObjectiveTo investigate a causal association between 25(OH)D levels with risk of AR and AS, using a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.MethodsSeven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously shown to be associated with serum 25(OH)D levels, were identified as instrumental variables. The primary outcome was AR, and the secondary outcomes were AS and non‐allergic rhinitis (NAR). The genome‐wide association (GWA) summary statistics of the outcomes were obtained from two cohort studies (EAGLE Consortium and UK Biobank). An MR analysis with random‐effects inverse‐variance weighted method was performed as the primary analysis to estimate overall effect size (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Sensitivity analysis using weighted median method and MR‐Egger regression method was conducted. A subgroup analysis based on 25(OH)D synthesis‐related SNPs was further applied.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D levels were not causally associated with risk of AR (OR: 0.960; 95% CI: 0.779‐1.184), AS (OR: 1.059; 95% CI: 0.686 to 1.634) or NAR (OR: 0.937; 95% CI: 0.588‐1.491). Subgroup analysis also showed null association between 25(OH)D synthesis‐related SNPs and the outcomes. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis MR study found no evidence supporting a causal association between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of AR, AS and NAR in European‐ancestry population. This argues against the previous postulation that vitamin D supplementation is effective in prevention of allergic diseases.