bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical communication characteristics among clinic-referred youth with and without autism spectrum disorder: Stability and associations with clinical correlates
Authors: Kang Erin , Lerner Matthew D. , Gadow Kenneth D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAtypical communication characteristics (ACCs), such as speech delay, odd pitch, and pragmatic difficulties, are common features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as are the symptoms of a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Using a simple retrospective method, this study aimed to better understand the relation and stability of ACCs with a broad range of psychiatric symptoms among large, well-characterized samples of clinic-referred children and adolescents with and without ASD. Youth with ASD had higher rates and a more variable pattern of developmental change in ACCs than the non-ASD diagnostic group. Latent class analysis yielded three ACC stability subgroups within ASD: Stable ACCs, Mostly Current-Only ACCs, and Little Professors. Subgroups exhibited differences in severity of ASD symptomatology, co-occurring psychiatric symptoms, and other correlates. Our findings provide support for the clinical utility of characterizing caregiver-perceived changes in ACCs in identifying children at risk for co-occurring psychopathology and other clinically relevant variables.
Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Brigantian-Arnsbergian limestones from eastern Scotland and Northumberland (northeast England)
Authors: CÓZAR Pedro , SOMERVILLE Ian D. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTForaminifers, calcareous algae and incertae sedis Algospongia of late Asbian to late Brigantian age in limestones from East Fife, East Lothian and Northumberland, enable the base of the late Brigantian to be recognised in all these areas. Preservation of the late Asbian and early Brigantian limestones in cyclothemic successions is generally poor. The St Monans White Limestone (St Monans, Fife), First Abden Limestone (Kirkcaldy, Fife), Middle Longcraig Limestone (East Lothian) and Lower Bath-House Wood/Middle Bath-House Wood (Northumberland) were confidently correlated by their foraminiferal assemblages. These limestones are all assigned to the top of the Assemblage 6 in northern England (Single Post Limestone). The St Monans Brecciated/St Monans Little/Charlestown Main limestones (St Monans, Fife) and the Second Abden/Seafield Tower limestones (Kirkcaldy, Fife), Upper Longcraig/Lower Skateraw limestones (East Lothian), Upper Bath-House Wood/Shotto Wood limestones and Eelwell Limestone (Northumberland) are assigned to the Assemblage 7 in northern England (Scar Limestone and Five Yard Limestone). The paired Middle/Upper Skateraw limestones (East Lothian) and the Acre Limestone (Northumberland) contain representatives of the Assemblage 8 from northern England (Three Yard Limestone). Higher up in the succession, in Northumberland, the foraminiferal assemblage in the Sandbanks Limestone can be compared with Assemblage 9 in northern England (Four Fathom Limestone). Above the Great Limestone and Little Limestone, with their characteristic Pendleian assemblages, the Sugar Sands Limestone and Corbridge Limestone contain Arnsbergian foraminiferal assemblages, typical of the Lower Felltop Limestone in northern England. The Lower Foxton Limestone is correlated with the Upper Felltop Limestone, whereas the Thornbrough Limestone in Northumberland lacks diagnostic Arnsbergian taxa.
Lithospheric Delamination Beneath the Southern Puna Plateau Resolved by Local Earthquake Tomography
Authors: Chen Jing , Kufner Sofia‐Katerina , Yuan Xiaohui , Heit Benjamin , Wu Hao , Yang Dinghui , Schurr Bernd , Kay Suzanne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a local earthquake tomography to illuminate the crustal and uppermost mantle structure beneath the southern Puna plateau and to test the delamination hypothesis. Vp and Vp/Vs ratios were obtained using travel time variations recorded by 75 temporary seismic stations between 2007 and 2009. In the upper crust, prominent low Vp anomalies are found beneath the main volcanic centers, indicating the presence of magma and melt beneath the southern Puna plateau. Beneath the Moho at around 90‐km depth, a strong high Vp anomaly is detected just west of the giant backarc Cerro Galan ignimbrite caldera. This high Vp anomaly is only resolved if earthquakes with an azimuthal gap up to 300° are included in the inversion. However, we show through data subset and synthetic tests that the anomaly is robust due to our specific station‐event geometry and interpret it as a delaminated block of lower crust and uppermost mantle lithosphere under the southern Puna plateau. The low velocities in the crust are interpreted as a product of the delamination event that triggered the rise of fluids and melts into the crust and induced the high topography in this part of the plateau. The tomography also reveals the existence of low‐velocity anomalies that link arc magmatism at the Ojos del Salado volcanic center with slab seismicity clusters at depths of about 100 and 150 km and support fluid transport in the mantle wedge due to dehydration reaction within the subducted slab.
A Global Analysis of Interannual Variability in Potential and Actual Tropical Cyclone Intensities
Authors: Shields Shannon , Wing Allison A. , Gilford Daniel M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe examine the relationship between interannual variability of potential intensity (PI) and tropical cyclone (TC) actual intensity (AI) and the factors contributing to this variability across all global ocean basins. Using best‐track data and three reanalysis products from 1980–2016, we find that the Western North Pacific is the only basin that yields consistently significant correlations between AI and PI sampled along the TC tracks. In contrast to a previous study, the North Atlantic does not yield statistically significant correlations. This is because the correlation between AI and PI in the North Atlantic is sensitive to the length of the time period considered and the individual years within that time period. Both thermodynamic efficiency and air‐sea disequilibrium contribute to interannual variability in along‐track PI.
P‐Wave Reflectivity of the Crust and Upper Mantle Beneath the Southern Appalachians and Atlantic Coastal Plain Using Global Phases
Authors: Verellen Devon N. , Alberts Erik C. , Larramendi Gustavo A. , Parker E. Horry , Hawman Robert B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReflection profiles generated using PKPdf as a virtual source show laterally continuous reflections from structures at depths less than 1 km to roughly 200 km beneath the southern Appalachian orogen and Atlantic coastal plain. Arrivals interpreted as reflections from the Moho increase in time from ~10 s beneath the coastal plain to 17.4 s (~57 km) beneath the Blue Ridge Mountains, providing additional evidence that the southern Appalachians are in rough isostatic equilibrium. Reflections at 32–36 s (120–135 km) are consistent with the depth to the base of the lithosphere found in recent inversions of Ps arrivals and surface waves. Alternatively, these and later reflections at times up to 58 s (~224 km) may be due to layering associated with drag‐induced flow in the asthenosphere, suggesting largely horizontal rather than vertical flow for depths less than 225 km beneath the Georgia coastal plain.
Observational Evidence for Solar Wind Proton Heating by Ion‐Scale Turbulence
Authors: Zhao G. Q. , Lin Y. , Wang X. Y. , Wu D. J. , Feng H. Q. , Liu Q. , Zhao A. , Li H. B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on in situ measurements by Wind spacecraft from 2005 to 2015, this letter reports for the first time a clearly scale‐dependent connection between proton temperatures and the turbulence in the solar wind. A statistical analysis of proton‐scale turbulence shows that increasing helicity magnitudes correspond to steeper magnetic energy spectra. In particular, there exists a positive power law correlation (with a slope ∼0.4) between the proton perpendicular temperature and the turbulent magnetic energy at scales
, with k being the wave number and ρp being the proton gyroradius. These findings present evidence of solar wind heating by the proton‐scale turbulence. They also provide insight and observational constraint on the physics of turbulent dissipation in the solar wind.
Seismic Analysis of the 2020 Magna, Utah, Earthquake Sequence: Evidence for a Listric Wasatch Fault
Authors: Pang Guanning , Koper Keith D. , Mesimeri Maria , Pankow Kristine L. , Baker Ben , Farrell Jamie , Holt James , Hale J. Mark , Roberson Paul , Burlacu Relu , Pechmann James C. , Whidden Katherine , Holt Monique M. , Allam Amir , DuRoss Christopher 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe 18 March 2020 Mw 5.7 Magna earthquake near Salt Lake City, Utah, offers a rare glimpse into the subsurface geometry of the Wasatch fault system—one of the world's longest active normal faults and a major source of seismic hazard in northern Utah. We analyze the Magna earthquake sequence and resolve oblique‐normal slip on a shallow (30–35°) west‐dipping fault at ~9‐ to 12‐km depth. Combined with near‐surface geological observations of steep dip (~70°), our results support a curved, or listric, fault shape. High‐precision aftershock locations show the activation of multiple, low‐angle (<30–35°) structures, indicating the existence of a complicated fault system. Our observations constrain the deep structure of the Wasatch fault system and suggest that ground shaking in the Salt Lake City region in future Wasatch fault earthquakes may be higher than previously estimated.
Deep Investigations of Outer‐Rise Tsunami Characteristics Using Well‐Mapped Normal Faults Along the Japan Trench
Authors: Baba Toshitaka , Chikasada Naotaka , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Fujie Gou , Obana Koichiro , Miura Seiichi , Kodaira Shuichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo assess the risk of tsunamis from outer‐rise earthquakes, we carried out tsunami simulations using 33 simple rectangular fault models with 60° dip angles based on marine seismic observations and surveys of the Japan Trench. The largest tsunami resulting from these models, produced by a Mw 8.7 normal‐faulting event on a fault 332 km long, had a maximum height of 27.0 m. We tested variations of the predictions due to the uncertainties in the assumed parameters. Because the actual dip angles of the Japan Trench outer‐rise faults range from 45° to 75°, we calculated tsunamis from earthquakes on fault models with 45°, 60°, and 75° dip angles. We also tested a compound fault model with 75° dip in the upper half and 45° dip in the lower half. Rake angles were varied by ±15°. We also tested models consisting of small subfaults with dimensions of about 60 km, models using other earthquake scaling laws, models with heterogeneous slips, and models incorporating dispersive tsunami effects. Predicted tsunami heights changed by 10–15% for heterogeneous slips, up to 10% for varying dip angles, about 5–10% from considering tsunami dispersion, about 2% from varying rake angles, and about 1% from using the model with small subfaults. The use of different earthquake scaling laws changed predicted tsunami heights by about 50% on average for the 33 fault models. We emphasize that the earthquake scaling law used in tsunami predictions for outer‐rise earthquakes should be chosen with great care.
Hotspots of Dense Water Cascading in the Arctic Ocean: Implications for the Pacific Water Pathways
Authors: Luneva Maria V. , Ivanov Vladimir V. , Tuzov Fedor , Aksenov Yevgeny , Harle James D. , Kelly Stephen , Holt Jason T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe explore dense water cascading (DWC), a type of bottom‐trapped gravity current, on multidecadal time scales using a pan‐Arctic regional ocean‐ice model. DWC is particularly important in the Arctic Ocean as the main mechanism of ventilation of interior waters when open ocean convection is blocked by strong density stratification. We identify the locations where the most intense DWC events occur and evaluate the associated cross‐shelf mass, heat, and salt fluxes. We find that the modeled locations of cascading agree well with the sparse historical observations and that cascading is the dominant process responsible for cross‐shelf exchange in the boundary layers. Simulated DWC fluxes of 1.3 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3/s) in the Central Arctic are comparable to Bering Strait inflow, with associated surface and benthic Ekman fluxes of 0.85 and 0.58 Sv. With ice decline, both surface Ekman flux and DWC fluxes are increasing at a rate of 0.023 and 0.0175 Sv/year, respectively. A detailed analysis of specific cascading sites around the Beaufort Gyre and adjacent regions shows that autumn upwelling of warm and saltier Atlantic waters on the shelf and subsequent cooling and mixing of uplifted waters trigger the cascading on the West Chukchi Sea shelf break. Lagrangian particle tracking of low salinity Pacific waters originating at the surface in the Bering Strait shows that these waters are modified by brine rejection and cooling, and through subsequent mixing become dense enough to reach depths of 160–200 m.
Observed Deep Anticyclonic Cap Over Caiwei Guyot
Authors: Guo Binbin , Wang Weiqiang , Shu Yeqiang , He Gaowen , Zhang Dongsheng , Deng Xiguang , Liang Qianyong , Yang Yong , Xie Qiang , Wang Haifeng , Wang Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe mean circulation pattern and its mechanism over Caiwei Guyot (1,308–5,600 m) in the Northwest Pacific were studied utilizing 3 years of in situ data. A deep anticyclonic cap was found to enclose the entire guyot from its bottom up to a depth of 728 m, which is composed of a stable but highly asymmetric anticyclonic circulation at the foot and a bottom‐trapped anticyclonic circulation over the summit. On the slope, the circulation is complex with a dominant anticyclonic circulation near the bottom and a weak cyclonic circulation at ∼2,200 m. The anticyclonic cap intensity over the summit is significantly modulated by the time‐varying impinging flow. An intensified cold ring above the summit edge was observed at Caiwei Guyot, which differs from the cold domes observed over traditional conic seamounts. Further analysis suggests that the impinging flow is primarily responsible for the cap formation, and the M2 tide‐seamount interaction plays a secondary role. The anticyclonic cap may play a role in the local geological distribution.
Asymmetry of Interannual Sea Level Variability in the Western Tropical Pacific: Responses to El Niño and La Niña
Authors: Ren Qiuping , Li Yuanlong , Zheng Fei , Wang Fan , Duan Jing , Li Rui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe western tropical Pacific (WTP) exhibits pronounced large‐scale sea level anomalies (SLAs) during El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events with amplitudes of ~0.1 m, exerting potential threats to many low‐lying islands. It is found that the sea level falling in El Niño condition is evidently stronger than the rising in La Niña condition. This SLA asymmetry in the WTP associated with ENSO is investigated in this study, and the underlying dynamic processes are explored. Such asymmetry is most prominent at around 160°E with the SLA response to El Niño being three times stronger than to La Niña, but it is much inconspicuous near the western boundary. Sensitivity experiments of a simplified ocean model suggest that the different structures of surface wind anomalies between El Niño and La Niña conditions are critical in generating asymmetric SLA responses of the WTP. The El Niño's westerly wind anomaly patch locates more to the east than the La Niña's easterly wind patch during the mature stage, and its upwelling effects are accumulated over a wider longitude range and cause stronger negative SLAs in the WTP. Near the western boundary, however, upwelling effects are attenuated by easterly wind anomalies during the mature stage of El Niño. Further analysis reveals that eastern Pacific‐type El Niño events are more favorable for generating asymmetric SLAs in the WTP than the central Pacific‐type events.
Alluvial Morphodynamics of Low‐Slope Bedrock Reaches Transporting Nonuniform Bed Material
Authors: Jafarinik S. , Viparelli E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent studies reveal that low‐slope bedrock reaches (bedrock surface slope milder than ~5 m/km) are more common than previously thought and can be found in engineered rivers and densely populated deltas. Here we present a novel formulation of alluvial morphodynamics of low‐slope bedrock rivers transporting nonuniform bed material that accounts for the nonuniformity of the sediment size and the presence of small scale bedforms such as dunes and can thus be of aid to solve management/restoration problems in low‐slope bedrock rivers. The formulation is implemented in a one‐dimensional morphodynamic model. Numerical results are compared with laboratory experiments on equilibrium bedrock reaches downstream of stable alluvial‐bedrock transitions. The differences between experimental and numerical results are comparable with those obtained in the alluvial case. Model applications simulate (1) bedrock reaches with a stable bedrock‐alluvial transitions, (2) an alluvial‐bedrock transition subject to sea level rise, and (3) steep bedrock reaches. Upstream of a stable bedrock‐alluvial transition the flow decelerates in the streamwise direction with the formation of a stable pattern of downstream coarsening of bed surface sediment. In response to sea level rise, alluvial‐bedrock transitions migrate downstream and bedrock‐alluvial transitions migrate upstream. Opposite migration directions are expected in the case of sea level fall. When applied to steep channels, the model predicts gradual alluviation, but it fails to reproduce runaway alluviation.
A randomized controlled trial of cystoinflation to prevent bladder injury in the adhesive disease of multiple caesarean sections
Authors: Saaqib Shazia , Iqbal Ayesha , Naheed Munazza , Saeed Tayyaba , Khalid Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCaesarean sections carry the risk of urinary bladder injury due to formation of adhesions obscuring pelvic planes. Visualizing bladder during retro-fill (cystoinflation) makes it recognizable as it rises into the abdomen taking a tense rounded contour. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to find out whether improved identification of bladder margins by cystoinflation could decrease bladder injury rate and blood loss without causing urological complications. This study included 214 healthy women with previous operative deliveries undergoing elective caesarean section and found to have dense pelvic adhesions. The subjects were randomly allocated into cystoinflation and control groups. Adhesiolysis was performed using bladder retro-fill with 300 cc saline in cystoinflation group, and without retro-fill in control. The bladder injury rate was significantly lower in cystoinflation group compared to control (2.8% vs 20.6%, P < .0001) with lesser blood loss in cystoinflation group (585.33 cc vs 797.10 cc, P < .0001). Mean operative time was similar in both groups. Urinary tract infection and micturition problems occurred more frequently in control group than cystoinflation group (16.8% vs 1.9%, P = .001 and .47 ± 1.63% vs 077 ± .633%, P = .021 respectively) with fistula in one subject compared to none in cystoinflation group. In this study, cystoinflation was effective to significantly reduce bladder injury rate and blood loss. This technique may also prove useful in the fields of surgery, urology and urogynecology.
Temperature-dependent optical constants of monolayer $${\text {MoS}}_2$$, $${\text {MoSe}}_2$$, $${\text {WS}}_2$$, and $${\text {WSe}}_2$$: spectroscopic ellipsometry and first-principles calculations
Authors: Liu Hsiang-Lin , Yang Teng , Chen Jyun-Han , Chen Hsiao-Wen , Guo Huaihong , Saito Riichiro , Li Ming-Yang , Li Lain-Jong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe temperature-dependent ($$T = 4.5 \, \hbox {-} \, 500 \, \hbox {K}$$

T
=
4.5

-

500

K

) optical constants of monolayer $${\text {MoS}}_2$$

MoS
2

, $${\text {MoSe}}_2$$

MoSe
2

, $${\text {WS}}_2$$

WS
2

, and $${\text {WSe}}_2$$

WSe
2

were investigated through spectroscopic ellipsometry over the spectral range of 0.73–6.42 eV. At room temperature, the spectra of refractive index exhibited several anomalous dispersion features below 800 nm and approached a constant value of 3.5–4.0 in the near-infrared frequency range. With a decrease in temperature, the refractive indices decreased monotonically in the near-infrared region due to the temperature-dependent optical band gap. The thermo-optic coefficients at room temperature had values from $$6.1 \times 10^{-5}$$

6.1
×

10

-
5

to $$2.6 \times 10^{-4} \, \hbox {K}^{-1}$$

2.6
×

10

-
4

K

-
1

for monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides at a wavelength of 1200 nm below the optical band gap. The optical band gap increased with a decrease in temperature due to the suppression of electron–phonon interactions. On the basis of first-principles calculations, the observed optical excitations at 4.5 K were appropriately assigned. These results provide basic information for the technological development of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides-based photonic devices at various temperatures.
Effect of collagen matrix on postoperative palatal fistula in cleft palate repair
Authors: Ha Jeong Hyun , Jeong Yeonwoo , Koo Youn Taek , Jeon Sungmi , Chung Jeehyeok , Kim Sukwha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPalatal fistula is a challenging complication following cleft palate repair. We investigated the usefulness of collagen matrix in the prevention of postoperative fistula. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with cleft palate who underwent primary palatoplasty (Furlow’s double opposing z-plasty) in Seoul National University Children’s Hospital. Collagen Graft and Collagen Membrane (Genoss, Suwon, Republic of Korea) were selectively used in patients who failed complete two-layer closure. The effect of collagen matrix on fistula formation was evaluated according to palatal ratio (cleft width to total palatal width) and cleft width. A total of 244 patients (male, 92 and female, 152; median age, 18 months) were analyzed. The average cleft width was 7.0 mm, and the average palatal ratio was 0.21. The overall fistula rate was 3.6% (9/244). Palatal ratio (p = 0.014) and cleft width (p = 0.004) were independent factors impacting the incidence of postoperative fistula. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the cutoff values in terms of screening for developing postoperative fistula were a palatal ratio of 0.285 and a cleft width of 9.25 mm. Among nonsyndromic patients with values above those cutoffs, the rates of fistula development were 0/5, 1/6 (16.7%), and 4/22 (18.2%) for those who received Collagen Graft, Collagen Membrane, and no collagen, respectively. Collagen matrix may serve as an effective tool for the prevention of palatal fistula when complete two-layer closure fails, especially in wide palatal clefts. The benefit was most evident in Collagen Graft with thick and porous structure.