bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near-perfect broadband infrared metamaterial absorber utilizing nickel
Authors: Parsamyan Henrik 
Published: July 2020

We propose a thin, compact, broadband, polarization and angle insensitive metamaterial absorber based on a tungsten reflector, a silicon spacer, and a top pattern composed of a double square-like ring resonator utilizing nickel (Ni). In such a structure, a high absorption (above 80%) bandwidth

∼

4.8

µ

m

from 3.52 up to 8.32 µm corresponding to the relative bandwidth

∼

81

%

can be achieved with deeply subwavelength unit cell dimensions. Here the physical origin of the broadband absorption is associated with low

Q

-factor dipole modes of the top pattern inner and outer sides functioning as rectangular nanoantennas. Owing to the structural symmetry, the absorber shows a good incidence angle tolerance in the relatively wide range for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations. The effective parameters of the Ni-based absorber were retrieved using the constitutive effective medium theory, and the absorption characteristics of the effective medium and metamaterial were compared.
Optimized design for a terahertz parametric oscillator based on degenerate four-wave mixing in silicon nitride
Authors: Amini Tahereh , Jahangiri Fazel 
Published: July 2020

We propose terahertz wave generation using a parametric oscillator based on phase-matched and non-phase-matched degenerate four-wave mixing processes within a silicon nitride Fabry–Perot microcavity. The central frequency of the generated terahertz waves would be tunable over the frequency range of 3.6–5.73 THz by varying the wavelength of the pump wave. The best phase-matching condition is achieved at a frequency of 5 THz, and an optimum peak power of 329 W is obtained at a frequency of 4.29 THz.
Dual-probe 1D hybrid fs/ps rotational CARS for simultaneous single-shot temperature, pressure, and O2/N2 measurements
Authors: Escofet-Martin David , Ojo Anthony O. , Collins Joshua , Mecker Nils Torge , Linne Mark , Peterson Brian 
Published: July 2020

We employ dual-probe one-dimensional (1D) femtosecond (fs)/picosecond (ps) hybrid rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (HRCARS) to investigate simultaneous temperature, pressure, and

O

2

/

N

2

measurements for gas-phase diagnostics. The dual-probe HRCARS technique allows for simultaneous measurements from the time and frequency-domain. A novel approach for measuring pressure, which offers high accuracy (

<

1

%

) and precision (0.42%), is presented. The technique is first demonstrated in a chamber for a range of pressures (1–1.5 bar). This technique shows an impressive capability of resolving 1D pressure gradients arising from a

N

2

jet impinging on a surface, both in laminar and turbulent conditions. The technique is shown to be capable of resolving single-shot pressure gradients (0.04 bar/mm) originating from kinetic energy conversion to pressure and resolves characteristic

O

2

/

N

2

structures from laminar and turbulent mixing.
Rap on Trial: Race, Lyrics, and Guilt in America, Erik Nielson and Andrea L. Dennis (2019)
Authors: Rana Salman A. 
Published: July 2020

Review of: Rap on Trial: Race, Lyrics, and Guilt in America, Erik Nielson and Andrea L. Dennis (2019)
New York: The New Press, 204 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-62097-340-0, h/bk, USD 24.99
Sounding Race in Rap Songs, Loren Kajikawa (2015)
Authors: Faber Tamar 
Published: July 2020

Review of: Sounding Race in Rap Songs, Loren Kajikawa (2015)
Oakland: University of California Press, 224 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-52028-399-2, p/bk, $29.95, h/bk, $85.00
Protocol of Femur Extraction from Bats in Fluid-Preserved Collections
Authors: Louzada Nathália Siqueira Veríssimo , de Moraes Neto Carlos Rodrigues , Nogueira Marcelo Rodrigues , Pessôa Leila Maria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe anatomy of appendicular bones has been demonstrated to be informative for taxonomic, paleontological, and functional studies of bats. Its use in such studies, however, is limited by the small number of skeletons available for this taxonomic group in scientific collections. Here we describe a protocol for the extraction of the femur from fluid-preserved bats. This protocol was successfully tested on a large sample, including 58 species in 43 genera and 9 families (a total of 183 specimens), and is minimally invasive, requiring only two incisions in the leg at disarticulation points (knee and coxofemoral joints). This method provides material for appendicular anatomical research with minimal damage to external morphology.
Substancehood and Subjecthood in Z-H
Authors: Zingano Marco 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on two passages of Aristotle’s Metaphysics, one in Z 3, the other in H1, in which Aristotle seems to assert that the hupokeimenon is said in three ways, as matter, form, and the compound of matter and form. From these two passages it is often said that subjecthood is a criterion for being substance (alongside two other criteria, separateness and being a tode ti). A consequence of this is that, if form is to be substance, and form is substance, namely first substance, it has to comply with the subject-criterion. This paper challenges this reading, purporting to show that these two passages need not commit Aristotle to the subject-criterion, and that there are good reasons not to commit him to it.
Existence of Positive Ground State Solutions for Choquard Systems
Authors: Deng Yinbin , Jin Qingfei , Shuai Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study the existence of positive ground state solution for Choquard systems. In the autonomous case, we prove the existence of at least one positive ground state solution by the Pohozaev manifold method and symmetric-decreasing rearrangement arguments. Moreover, we show that each positive ground state solution is radial symmetric. While, in the nonautonomous case, a positive ground state solution is obtained by using a monotonicity trick and a global compactness lemma. We remark that, under our assumptions of the nonlinearity

W
u

{W_{u}}

, the search of ground state solutions cannot be reduced to the study of critical points of a functional restricted to a Nehari manifold.
A mixed integer nonlinear programming approach for integrated bio-refinery and petroleum refinery topology optimization
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed , Sunarso Jaka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The conversion of biomass into gasoline and diesel in bio-refinery process is an attractive process given its carbon neutral and sustainable nature. The economics of bio-refinery can be improved via integration with petroleum refinery, whereby bio-refinery intermediates can be processed into gasoline and diesel in the well-established petroleum refinery processing units, i. e., hydrocracking (HC) and fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) units. However, the integration of the new bio-refinery into the existing petroleum refinery may not give the optimum solution given the capacities constraints of the existing petroleum refinery upgrading units such as FCC and HC units. Thus, this work proposed a superstructure comprising new bio-refinery and new petroleum refinery block diagrams. The superstructure was formulated into mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model. The model was coded into general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) platform and solved using global optimum solver, LINDOGLOBAL. The model application was demonstrated using representative case study. The model results showed that the optimum integrated bio-refinery and petroleum refinery topology favors the upgrading of bio-refinery intermediates using petroleum refinery HC unit under one-through operation mode with a marginal increase in the profit of about 0.39% compared to the second optimum case of upgrading bio-refinery intermediate using petroleum refinery FCC unit under gasoline operation mode. Thus, the decision in selecting the most suitable topology can be made based on the market demand for gasoline and diesel as the topology that uses FCC maximizes gasoline production and the topology that uses HC maximizes diesel production.
Development and validation of mathematical model of hydrotropic-reactive extraction of lignin
Authors: Hartati Indah , Sediawan Wahyudi Budi , Sulistyo Hary , Azis Muhammad Mufti , Fahrurrozi Moh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hydrotropes have been largely explored as reactive extraction agent for lignin separation. In this paper, a mathematical model of hydrotropic-reactive extraction of sugarcane bagasse lignin was proposed and validated by experimental data from literature. The mathematical model was developed by assuming the particle is in slab shape, and by considering simultaneous processes of hydrotrope intra particle diffusion, second order reaction of lignin-hydrotrope, and intra-particle soluble delignification product diffusion. The proposed model results in a set of partial differential equations which were then solved by explicit finite difference approximation method. The mathematical model parameters were determined by fitting the model to the hydrotropic reactive extraction experimental data reported by Ansari and Gaikar (2014). Simulations show that the mathematical model of the hydrotropic-reactive extraction were well fitted to the experimental data with the obtained hydrotrope effective diffusivity (D

eA
) of 5.0 × 10−11 m2/s, effective diffusivity of soluble lignin product (D

eC
) of 9.0 × 10−12 m2/s and reaction rate constant (k

r
) of 1.78 × 10−10 m3/(g.s). It was also observed that the reaction was first order to the hydrotrope (n = 1), and one half order to the lignin (m = 0.5). Meanwhile the pseudo-stoichiometric mass ratio of hydrotrope to lignin was 6.4 g hydrotrope/g lignin.
Dapsone for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis – applying theory to clinical practice with a focus on drug interactions
Authors: Corallo Carmela Emma , Coutsouvelis John , Morgan Susan , Morrissey Orla , Avery Sharon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a potentially life-threatening infection that occurs in immunocompromised individuals. The incidence can be as high as 80% in some groups but can be reduced to less than 1% with appropriate prophylaxis. HIV-infected patients with a low CD4 count are at the highest risk of PJP. Others at substantial risk include haematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients, those with cancer (particularly haematologic malignancies), and those receiving glucocorticoids, chemotherapeutic agents, and other immunosuppressive medications. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is an established first-line line agent for prevention and treatment of PJP. However, in some situations, this medication cannot be used and dapsone is considered a suitable cost-effective second line agent. However, information on potential interactions with drugs commonly used in immunosuppressed patients is lacking or contradictory. In this this article we review the metabolic pathway of dapsone with a focus on interactions and clinical significance particularly in patients with haematological malignancies. An understanding of this process should optimise the use of this agent.
COVID-19-associated coagulopathy
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Marano Giuseppe , Cruciani Mario , Mengoli Carlo , Pati Ilaria , Masiello Francesca , Veropalumbo Eva , Pupella Simonetta , Vaglio Stefania , Liumbruno Giancarlo Maria 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a viral respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been recently recognized as a systemic disorder inducing a prothrombotic state. The molecular mechanisms underlying the hypercoagulable state seen in patients with COVID-19 is still incompletely understood, although it presumably involves the close link between inflammatory and hemostatic systems. The laboratory coagulation monitoring of severely ill COVID-19 patients is mandatory to identify those patients at increased thrombotic risk and to modulate thromboprophylaxis accordingly. In this review, we summarize the current understanding on the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features and management of coagulopathy associated with COVID-19.
Recommender in AI-enhanced Learning: An Assessment from the Perspective of Instructional Design
Authors: Kerres Michael , Buntins Katja 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs tools for AI-enhanced human learning, recommender systems support learners in finding materials and sequencing learning paths. The paper explores how these recommenders improve the learning experience from a perspective of instructional design. It analyzes mechanisms underlying current recommender systems, and it derives concrete examples of how they operate: Recommenders are either expert-, criteria-, behavior-, or profile-based or rely on social comparisons. To verify this classification of five different mechanisms, we analyze a set of current publications on recommenders and find all the identified mechanisms with profile-based approaches as the most common. Social recommenders, though highly attractive in other sectors, reveal some drawbacks in the context of learning. In comparison, expert-based recommendations are easy to implement and often stand out as simple but effective ways for suggesting learning materials and learning paths to learners. They can be combined with other approaches based on social comparisons and individual profiles. The paper points out challenges in studying recommenders for learning and provides suggestions for future research.
Decomposition and classification of length functions
Authors: Spirito Dario 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study decompositions of length functions on integral domains as sums of length functions constructed from overrings.
We find a standard representation when the integral domain admits a Jaffard family, when it is Noetherian and when it is a Prüfer domains such that every ideal has only finitely many minimal primes.
We also show that there is a natural bijective correspondence between singular length functions and localizing systems.
Convexity of sets in metric Abelian groups
Authors: Fechner Włodzimierz , Páles Zsolt 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the present paper, we introduce a new concept of convexity which is generated by a family of endomorphisms of an Abelian group.
In Abelian groups, equipped with a translation invariant metric, we define the boundedness, the norm, the modulus of injectivity and the spectral radius of endomorphisms. Beyond the investigation of their properties, our first main goal is an extension of the celebrated Rådström cancellation theorem.
Another result generalizes the Neumann invertibility theorem.
Next we define the convexity of sets with respect to a family of endomorphisms, and we describe the set-theoretical and algebraic structure of the class of such sets.
Given a subset, we also consider the family of endomorphisms that make this subset convex, and we establish the basic properties of this family.
Our first main result establishes conditions which imply midpoint convexity.
The next main result, using our extension of the Rådström cancellation theorem, presents further structural properties of the family of endomorphisms that make a subset convex.
Singular integral operators in some variable exponent Lebesgue spaces
Authors: Kokilashvili Vakhtang , Mastyło Mieczysław , Meskhi Alexander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the exploration of those subclasses of the variable exponent Lebesgue space

L

p
⁢

(
⋅
)

{L^{p(\,\cdot\,)}}

with

min
⁡
p

⁢

(
⋅
)

=
1

{\min p(\,\cdot\,)=1}

, which are invariant with respect to Cauchy singular integral operators.
Anticipation in the Normative Task of Practical Theology
Authors: Whapham Theodore James 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This essay seeks to make a contribution to Catholic practical theological methodology through a discussion of “anticipation” as developed in the theology of Wolfhart Pannenberg. Its main thesis is that an understanding of the proleptic and anticipatory character of revelation and tradition can help articulate the role of tradition in the normative task of a Catholic practical theology. The first section of the paper looks at the normative task of practical theology and how this is reflected in the Whiteheads’ Method of Ministry. Then it seeks to explain the notion of “anticipation” and its implications for a theology of tradition. Finally it draws out the implications of incorporating this concept into practical theological method.
Units and augmentation powers in integral group rings
Authors: Maheshwary Sugandha , Passi Inder Bir S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The augmentation powers in an integral group ring

ℤ
⁢
G

{\mathbb{Z}G}

induce a natural filtration of the unit group of

ℤ
⁢
G

{\mathbb{Z}G}

analogous to the filtration of the group G given by its dimension series

{

D
n

⁢

(
G
)

}

n
≥
1

{\{D_{n}(G)\}_{n\geq 1}}

.
The purpose of the present article is to investigate this filtration, in particular, the triviality of its intersection.
On variational regularization: Finite dimension and Hölder stability
Authors: Mittal Gaurav , Giri Ankik Kumar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the convergence rates for finite-dimensional variational regularization in Banach spaces by taking into account the noisy data and operator approximations. In particular, we determine the convergence rates by incorporating the smoothness concepts of Hölder stability estimates and the variational inequalities. Additionally, we discuss two ill-posed inverse problems to complement the abstract theory presented in our main results.
Two intronic variants of CYP11B1 and CYP17A1 disrupt mRNA splicing and cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
Authors: Dai Weiqian , Zhang Xia , Liu Huili , Sun Yu , Fan Yanjie , Yu Yongguo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of steroidogenesis.11β-hydroxylase deficiency and 17α-hydroxylase deficiency are two forms of CAH caused by defects of CYP11B1 and CYP17A1 respectively.

Case presentation
Two rare intronic variants were identified in suspected CAH patients. Though not located at the classic splicing sites, these two variants perturbed splicing based on minigene assays. One variant, NM_000497.4: c.240-157T>G of CYP11B1 identified in subject 1, resulted in the retention of 136 intronic nucleotides. The other variant, NM_000102.4: c.754-6 A>G of CYP17A1 identified in subject 2, leading to the retention of 5 intronic nucleotides. Both variants resulted in out-of-frame alteration of the respective transcript.

Conclusion
Cryptic splicing variants in the intronic regions contribute to the genetic defects of CAH. Minigene assay is useful to confirm the splice altering effect and make a definitive molecular diagnosis.
Miscellaneous equalities for idempotent matrices with applications
Authors: Tian Yongge 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article brings together miscellaneous formulas and facts on matrix expressions that are composed by idempotent matrices in one place with cogent introduction and references for further study. The author will present the basic mathematical ideas and methodologies of the matrix analytic theory in a readable, up-to-date, and comprehensive manner, including constructions of various algebraic matrix identities composed by the conventional operations of idempotent matrices, and uses of the block matrix method in the derivation of closed-form formulas for calculating the ranks of matrix expressions that are composed by idempotent matrices. The author also determines the maximum and minimum ranks of some matrix pencils composed by the products of matrices and their generalized inverses and uses the ranks to characterize algebraic performance of the matrix pencils.
FOXK2 downregulation suppresses EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kong Jian , Zhang Qingyun , Liang Xuefeng , Sun Wenbing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Forkhead box K2 (FOXK2) was first identified as an NFAT-like interleukin-binding factor. FOXK2 has been reported to act as either oncogene or tumor suppressor. However, functional and regulating mechanisms of FOXK2 in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. An FOXK2-specific siRNA was employed to decrease the endogenous expression of FOXK2. MTT assay, colony formation and transwell assay were used to evaluate proliferation, migration and invasion of Hep3B and HCCLM3 cells, respectively. The protein expression associated with EMT and Akt signaling pathways was evaluated using western blot. FOXK2 downregulation could inhibit cell proliferation and colony formation and suppress migration and invasion in Hep3B and HCCLM3 cells. The expression of E-cadherin was significantly upregulated, and the expression of snail and p-Akt was significantly downregulated in siFOXK2-transfected cells compared with control cells. SF1670 induced the expression of p-Akt and snail and suppressed the expression of E-cadherin in Hep3B and HCCLM3 cells. SF1670 promoted the invasion and colony formation of Hep3B and HCCLM3 cells. SF1670 partly inhibited the effect of FOXK2 suppression on Hep3B and HCCLM3 cells. In conclusion, this study revealed that FOXK2 downregulation suppressed the EMT in HCC partly through inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway.
Lasing at the nanoscale: coherent emission of surface plasmons by an electrically driven nanolaser
Authors: Fedyanin Dmitry Yu. , Krasavin Alexey V. , Arsenin Aleksey V. , Zayats Anatoly V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Plasmonics offers a unique opportunity to break the diffraction limit of light and bring photonic devices to the nanoscale. As the most prominent example, an integrated nanolaser is a key to truly nanoscale photonic circuits required for optical communication, sensing applications and high-density data storage. Here, we develop a concept of an electrically driven subwavelength surface-plasmon-polariton nanolaser, which is based on a novel amplification scheme, with all linear dimensions smaller than the operational free-space wavelength λ and a mode volume of under λ
3/30. The proposed pumping approach is based on a double-heterostructure tunneling Schottky barrier diode and gives the possibility to reduce the physical size of the device and ensure in-plane emission so that the nanolaser output can be naturally coupled to a plasmonic or nanophotonic waveguide circuitry. With the high energy efficiency (8% at 300 K and 37% at 150 K), the output power of up to 100 μW and the ability to operate at room temperature, the proposed surface plasmon polariton nanolaser opens up new avenues in diverse application areas, ranging from ultrawideband optical communication on a chip to low-power nonlinear photonics, coherent nanospectroscopy, and single-molecule biosensing.
Riot, Strike, Commune: Gendering a Civil War
Authors: Clover Joshua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article departs from Joshua Clover’s historical and theoretical schema that locates riots and strikes within the categories of circulation and production struggles, moving from the categories of capital’s reproduction to the reproduction of the proletariat. Here it offers the commune as the exemplary form of the category of reproduction struggle. The commune is understood not as an intentional community of withdrawal but as something like counter-reproduction, able not just to reproduce itself but to strike at capital as an antagonistic force — striking at the vital exposure of an increasingly circulation-centered capitalism. Crucial examples are encampments against extractive capital such as Standing Rock or the ZAD. The article shows how political sovereignty and economic circulation are entirely entangled, pointing to the ways that social movements have looked upon them as separate domains. Therefore, the commune is a process at the crux of the political and the economic, overcoming the tendency to prefer one or the other. Finally, the article discusses the gendered aspect of the sphere of reproduction that makes possible the double confrontation of counter-reproduction.