bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of AI with reduced order generalized integrator controller for power system harmonic reduction
Authors: Mandava Srihari , Medarametla Praveen Kumar , Gudipalli Abhishek , Saravanan M , Sudheer P 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe increased use of electronics for control and use of nonlinear type loads by consumers in the present power system network are injecting harmonics into the power signal, due to which the power quality issue has become more challenge for the present researchers. In this work, the reduced order generalized integrator (ROGI) and fuzzy logic control (FLC) are collectively used to reduce the current harmonics in the power system. FLC‐SVM technique is used to maintain the process of SAF—Shunt active filter with fixed switching frequency. This proposed control technique consists of control loop for current to have fast and effective control. The Proportional Resonant controller is used to have control on voltage for a slow and effective control process which is also used to compensate reactive power. The shunt active filter is designed with the help of ROGI by integrating PI controller for fuzzy‐based SVM to reduce the current harmonics on the load side. The results are achieved in MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Gravitational search algorithm‐based optimization of hybrid wind and solar renewable energy system
Authors: Geleta Diriba Kajela , Manshahia Mukhdeep Singh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDue to the issue of environmental protection coupled with high energy demand, there was an initiation for exploration of different renewable energy sources. This article aims to optimize the total annual cost of hybrids of wind and solar renewable energy system to satisfy the predesigned load. Minimization of the total annual cost of the system by determining appropriate numbers of the components, so that the desired load can be economically and reliably satisfied under the given constraints. Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) was employed for the optimization process. GSA is a recently proposed metaheuristic algorithm which is based on Newton's universal gravitational law of gravity and mass interactions. It uses stochastic rules to escape local optima and find the global optimal solutions. MATLAB codes were designed for the developed fitness function and employed algorithm. The proposed methodology was run for the fitness function through the code and the results were discussed. The result was compared with the results of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and also shown that: GSA has some advantage over PSO algorithm. Even though, the algorithm has several parameters to be adjusted, it is strong in both local and global optimal searches.
Receipt of training about medication for opioid use disorder from pharmaceutical manufacturers: A preliminary study of Florida criminal problem‐solving and dependency court staff
Authors: Andraka‐Christou Barbara , Atkins Danielle , Madeira Jody , Silverman Ross D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPeople with opioid use disorder are prevalent in criminal problem‐solving courts and dependency courts, which have rehabilitative aims. Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is the standard of care. Court staff set treatment policies for court clients. They may receive training from MOUD manufacturers, but no studies have examined court staff receipt of such training.Design and MethodsTo examine receipt of training from MOUD manufacturers, we designed a cross‐sectional survey for court staff. We distributed it online to all Florida court staff in criminal problem‐solving or dependency courts (n = 585). Outcome variables were receipt of training from one or more MOUD manufacturers and training source. Covariates included dichotomous measures of court type, staff role, gender and rurality. Logistic regression models estimated the relationship between receipt of training and covariates.ResultsTwenty‐one percent of Florida criminal problem‐solving and dependency court staff completed the survey. The most common receipt of training was from the manufacturer of extended‐release naltrexone (36%), followed by buprenorphine (24%) and methadone (11%). Fifty‐seven percent of those who received training received it from more than one MOUD manufacturer. Criminal problem‐solving court staff were more likely than dependency court staff to receive training from MOUD manufacturers. Court program co‐ordinators were more likely than other staff roles to receive training from MOUD manufacturers.Discussion and ConclusionsA large minority of respondents received training from a MOUD manufacturer, primarily from extended‐release naltrexone's manufacturer, raising concerns regarding information accuracy and conflicts of interest. Court staff should seek MOUD training from academic institutions and non‐profit organisations instead.
Developmental constraints on fin diversity
Authors: Enny Alyssa , Flaherty Kathleen , Mori Shunsuke , Turner Natalie , Nakamura Tetsuya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe fish fin is a breathtaking repository full of evolutionary diversity, novelty, and convergence. Over 500 million years, the adaptation to novel habitats has provided landscapes of fin diversity. Although comparative anatomy of evolutionarily divergent patterns over centuries has highlighted the fundamental architectures and evolutionary trends of fins, including convergent evolution, the developmental constraints on fin evolution, which bias the evolutionary trajectories of fin morphology, largely remain elusive. Here, we review the evolutionary history, developmental mechanisms, and evolutionary underpinnings of paired fins, illuminating possible developmental constraints on fin evolution. Our compilation of anatomical and genetic knowledge of fin development sheds light on the canalized and the unpredictable aspects of fin shape in evolution. Leveraged by an arsenal of genomic and genetic tools within the working arena of spectacular fin diversity, evolutionary developmental biology embarks on the establishment of conceptual framework for developmental constraints, previously enigmatic properties of evolution.
Local political chief turnover and economic growth: Evidence from China
Authors: Wu Jing , Li Hao , Li Keyang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is widely believed that the rotation and promotion system of local political chiefs plays an important role in China's economic miracle. In this paper, however, we focus on the potential cost of the inherent frequent turnover of local chiefs. Based on a new manually collected dataset on prefectural‐level local chiefs between 1983 and 2012, our empirical results suggest that the turnover of the local Chinese Communist Party (CCP) chief would lead to a 0.48 percentage point decrease in the local GDP growth rate in the current year. This effect is especially concentrated on more government‐affected fields, such as domestic investments, consumption and government expenditures. We also provide evidence that organization friction, especially the successor CCP chiefs’ unfamiliarity with the city, his/her new colleagues and/or the working conditions, is one of the major potential reasons for such a negative turnover effect.
Generalising indirect defence and resistance of plants
Authors: Pearse Ian S. , LoPresti Eric , Schaeffer Robert N. , Wetzel William C. , Mooney Kailen A. , Ali Jared G. , Ode Paul J. , Eubanks Micky D. , Bronstein Judith L. , Weber Marjorie G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIndirect defence, the adaptive top‐down control of herbivores by plant traits that enhance predation, is a central component of plant–herbivore interactions. However, the scope of interactions that comprise indirect defence and associated ecological and evolutionary processes has not been clearly defined. We argue that the range of plant traits that mediate indirect defence is much greater than previously thought, and we further organise major concepts surrounding their ecological functioning. Despite the wide range of plant traits and interacting organisms involved, indirect defences show commonalities when grouped. These categories are based on whether indirect defences boost natural enemy abundance via food or shelter resources, or, alternatively, increase natural enemy foraging efficiency via information or alteration of habitat complexity. The benefits of indirect defences to natural enemies should be further explored to establish the conditions in which indirect defence generates a plant–natural enemy mutualism. By considering the broader scope of plant–herbivore–natural enemy interactions that comprise indirect defence, we can better understand plant‐based food webs, as well as the evolutionary processes that have shaped them.
Short‐term response of threatened small macropods and their predators to prescribed burns in subtropical Australia
Authors: McHugh Darren , Goldingay Ross L. , Parkyn Jonathan , Goodwin Allan , Letnic Mike 
Published: May 2020

SummaryFire is an important ecological process that shapes vegetation structure and habitat for faunal assemblages globally. Prescribed burns are increasingly being used in conservation and management to restore fire regimes in fire‐suppressed vegetation communities. Small threatened macropods require structurally complex habitat that allows them to evade detection by predators. Given that fire can alter vegetation structure, it can be viewed as a strong ecological force in shifting the dynamics between predator and prey species. Previous studies in temperate Australia have shown that prescribed burns in the presence of European Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and feral Cat (Felis catus) can have negative impacts on small macropods and medium‐sized mammals. Post‐fire response of threatened small macropods and their predators has not been experimentally examined in subtropical Australia despite this region providing refugia for the Long‐nosed Potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) and Red‐legged Pademelon (Thylogale stigmatica). We conducted a before‐after‐control‐impact fire experiment at two paired sites after low–moderate intensity burns typical of cool season prescribed burns. We used camera trapping to investigate changes in activity of threatened small macropods and their predators. We also recorded vegetation change. Despite large reductions in ground and shrub cover, activity of small macropods and the Dingo (Canis dingo) did not change in response to fires. Therefore, the threat of dingo predation appears to have remained unchanged following the fires. Although feral cats and foxes were present, they showed negligible activity across our sites. Our study suggests that small‐scale patchy ecological burns may not lead to increased predation of small macropods in our landscape. We attribute this to sufficient post‐fire refugia and very low densities of foxes.
Female reproductive factors and the risk of dementia: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Yoo J. E. , Shin D. W. , Han K. , Kim D. , Won H.‐S. , Lee J. , Kim S. Y. , Nam G. E. , Park H. S. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeThe aim was to investigate whether female reproductive factors are associated with dementia.MethodsIn all, 4 696 633 post‐menopausal women without dementia were identified using the Korean National Health Insurance System database. Data on reproductive factors were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire. Dementia was determined using dementia diagnosis codes and anti‐dementia drug prescription. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to assess the hazard ratio (HR) for dementia according to reproductive factors.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 5.74 years, there were 212 227 new cases of all‐cause dementia (4.5%), 162 901 cases of Alzheimer’s disease (3.5%) and 24 029 cases of vascular dementia (0.5%). The HR of dementia was 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.16] for menarcheal age ≥17 years compared with menarcheal age 13–14 years, 0.79 (0.77–0.81) for menopausal age ≥55 years compared with menopausal age <40 years, and 0.81 (0.79–0.82) for fertility duration ≥40 years compared with fertility duration <30 years. Whilst being of parity one (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.85–0.94) and breastfeeding <6 months (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88–0.95) was associated with lower risk of dementia, being of parity two or more (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.99–1.05) and breastfeeding ≥12 months (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.07) was associated with a higher risk of dementia than women without parity or breastfeeding history. Use of hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives independently reduced the dementia risk by 15% and 10%, respectively.ConclusionsFemale reproductive factors are independent risk factors for dementia incidence, with higher risk associated with shorter lifetime endogenous estrogen exposure.
Firm vertical boundaries, internal capital markets, and firm performance
Authors: Shenoy Jaideep 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate how vertical relatedness between business segments of firms affects capital allocation within internal capital markets. Using a battery of tests including exogenous import tariff reductions, we show that investments flow toward segments with better investment opportunities in firms with significant vertical relatedness between segments. This benefit of vertical relatedness is more pronounced in economic environments prone to information problems and in imperfectly competitive industries. Firms with significant inter‐segment vertical relatedness also exhibit superior productivity and operating profitability. Overall, we show that superior capital allocation is a channel through which vertical integration impacts real outcomes of firms.
Learning accountability in the public sector: The experience of Kerala
Authors: Arun Thankom , Adhikari Pawan , Mohan Ram 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGiven that learning has become a core element in addressing the ever‐increasing complexities in public sector accountability, we investigate two issues in this paper: (a) how learning was involved in the process of disseminating a competency framework (CF) in four state departments in Kerala, India; and (b) an analysis of the challenges involved in this process, using the theoretical insights from learning accountability. Although the CF would revitalise governance and accountability mechanisms by establishing a conducive environment for administrators to learn in, the nuances of the existing administrative structure limited the scope of this learning exercise. The CF in Kerala generated fear, tension, and resistance amongst the administrators, due to a perceived gap between the very objectives of the CF and the administrative settings, in which learning was insignificant. The paper argues that imposing public administrators’ accountability reforms, such as the CF, would be meaningless until an emphasis is placed on learning accountability. Furthermore, there is a need to “unlearn” or “discard” the prevailing traditional learning and accountability practices; unless this is achieved, a conducive environment for learning accountability cannot be institutionalised, nor can reforms such as the CF be materialised.
Variation in the phenology of photosynthesis among eastern white pine provenances in response to warming
Authors: Fréchette Emmanuelle , Chang Christine Yao‐Yun , Ensminger Ingo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn higher‐latitude trees, temperature and photoperiod control the beginning and end of the photosynthetically active season. Elevated temperature (ET) has advanced spring warming and delayed autumn cooling while photoperiod remains unchanged. We assessed the effects of warming on the length of the photosynthetically active season of three provenances of Pinus strobus L. seedlings from different latitudes, and evaluated the accuracy of the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and the chlorophyll/carotenoid index (CCI) for tracking the predicted variation in spring and autumn phenology of photosynthesis among provenances. Seedlings from northern, local and southern P. strobus provenances were planted in a temperature‐free‐air‐controlled enhancement (T‐FACE) experiment and exposed to ET (+1.5/3°C; day/night). Over 18 months, we assessed photosynthetic phenology by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, leaf spectral reflectance and pigment content. During autumn, all seedlings regardless of provenance followed the same sequence of phenological events with the initial downregulation of photosynthesis, followed by the modulation of non‐photochemical quenching and associated adjustments of zeaxanthin pool sizes. However, the timing of autumn downregulation differed between provenances, with delayed onset in the southern provenance (SP) and earlier onset in the northern relative to the local provenance, indicating that photoperiod at the provenance origin is a dominant factor controlling autumn phenology. Experimental warming further delayed the downregulation of photosynthesis during autumn in the SP. A provenance effect during spring was also observed but was generally not significant. The vegetation indices PRI and CCI were both effective at tracking the seasonal variations of energy partitioning in needles and the differences of carotenoid pigments indicative of the stress status of needles. These results demonstrate that PRI and CCI can be useful tools for monitoring conifer phenology and for the remote monitoring of the length of the photosynthetically active season of conifers in a changing climate.
The role of agencification in achieving value‐for‐money in public spending
Authors: Cingolani Luciana , Fazekas Mihály 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAgencification has been pursued globally under the promise of increasing public administration performance. In spite of ample theoretical arguments, the empirical evidence on the causal link between agencification and performance remains scarce and methodologically contested. We contribute to this debate by empirically testing the impacts of agencification across Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom on value‐for‐money, competitiveness, and timeliness during the period 2006–2016. We use unique administrative datasets, enabling objective and granular measurements of reforms and their effects, employing quasi‐experimental methods. Findings suggest heterogeneous effects both across countries and outcomes. On average, value‐for‐money improves by 2.8% or 1.7 billion EUR over a decade, while outputs and processes change only marginally. Recently agencified organizations barely improve their performance, while older agencies achieve substantial improvements. The three countries' heterogeneous administrative contexts play a critical role as mediating factors, with the biggest changes occurring in higher new public management take‐up countries.
Impact of motion artefacts and motion‐artefact correction on diagnostic accuracy of apical periodontitis in CBCT images: an ex vivo study in human cadavers
Authors: Spin‐Neto R. , Kruse C. , Hermann L. , Kirkevang L.‐L. , Wenzel A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the impact of motion artefacts and motion‐artefact correction on diagnostic accuracy of apical periodontitis (AP) in CBCT images.MethodologyBased on clinical and radiographic inspection of 40 formalin‐fixated human jaw specimens, 77 roots in 45 teeth (molars and premolars), with various disease and treatment state, were selected. The specimens were mounted on a robot simulating 3‐mm movement types (nodding, lateral rotation and tremor). CBCT images with and without (controls) movements were acquired in four CBCT units: without motion‐artefact correction in Cranex 3Dx, Orthophos SL 3D, and Promax 3D Mid, and with motion‐artefact correction in Promax 3D Mid and X1. Three observers blindly assessed (i) whether the images were interpretable and (ii) if AP was present (5‐step probability index). Histopathology provided the reference standard for presence of AP. Weighted Kappa statistics described inter‐observer agreement. Estimates of diagnostic accuracy were assessed by means of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Area under the curve (AUC) provided a measure of accuracy, and paired‐sample AUC difference tests compared differences amongst the CBCT units and movement types.ResultsObserver agreement was substantial for control images, moderate for motion‐artefact corrected images and fair for images without motion‐artefact correction. When movement was present, motion‐artefact correction reduced the percentage of images scored as noninterpretable or with uncertain disease state (score 3 in the 5‐step probability index). Control images were not perfectly accurate (both false‐positive and false‐negative results were present; AUC 0.750–0.799). Images acquired with movement and without motion‐artefact correction (AUC 0.541–0.709) were associated with significantly lower accuracy than control images (P < 0.05). With motion‐artefact correction, accuracy was comparable to that observed in control images (AUC 0.732–0.790).ConclusionsDiagnostic accuracy of apical periodontitis in CBCT images was dependent on the presence of motion artefacts (i.e. lower accuracy associated with the presence of movement). Motion‐artefact correction systems positively influenced image interpretability and diagnostic accuracy.
Synthesis and mechanical properties of lightweight hybrid geopolymer foams reinforced with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yan Shu , Zhang Fanyong , Li Haochen , Gao Bo , Xing Pengfei , He Peigang , Jia Dechang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA lightweight hybrid geopolymer foams reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was exploited by adding the CNTs into geopolymeric matrix through hydrogen peroxide method. The synergistic effects of nanotubes and foaming agent on the phase evolution, microstructure, and mechanical properties were investigated. After introduction of nanotubes, the geopolymer foams reinforced with CNTs (CNTs/KGP) still showed amorphous structure. Porosity of the foams increased with the H2O2 content and decreased with the increase in CNTs content. The addition of CNTs (1‐9 wt%) in foams refined the distribution of pore size from 523 to 352 μm. Compression strength of the CNTs/KGP samples elevated with the increasing content of CNTs, which was contributed to the crack propagation and bridging of CNTs in foams. The CNTs/KGP foams with considerable porosity show potential applications in adsorption, filtration, membrane supports, other industries, etc