bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boehmite enhances hair follicle growth via stimulation of dermal papilla cells by upregulating β‐catenin signalling
Authors: Bak Dong‐Ho , Lee Esther , Lee Byung‐chul , Choi Mi Ji , Kwon Tae‐Rin , Kim Jong‐hwan , Park Byung Cheol , Lee Keugrae , Kim Sungyup , Na Jungtae , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHair growth, a complex process, has long been the subject of intense research. Recent developments in material technology have revealed boehmite as a new therapeutic modality for use in wound healing and scar reduction, indicating its beneficial effects. Nonetheless, the biological bases of the beneficial effects of boehmite remain unknown. We investigated the hair growth properties of boehmite in vitro and in vivo and observed dose‐dependent proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro and hair regrowth in a mouse model. To investigate the effects of boehmite on the promotion of cell transition to the anagen phase, we evaluated hDPC viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, protein expression and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in vitro and assessed the anagen‐promoting effects of boehmite via gross observation and histological analysis in a mouse model. Boehmite increased hDPC viability, ALP activity, AKT/GSK3ß/ß‐catenin pathway activity, anagen‐related gene expression and VEGF secretion; moreover, it accelerated hair regrowth in a catagen‐anagen transition model via upregulation of β‐catenin signalling and follicular cell proliferation. Collectively, our results indicate that boehmite accelerates hair growth, partly via its effects on critical events in the active phase of the hair follicle cycle, including the promotion of the proliferation of hDPCs and their immediate progeny to the follicle base.
How afforestation affects the water cycle in drylands: A process‐based comparative analysis
Authors: Schwärzel Kai , Zhang Lulu , Montanarella Luca , Wang Yanhui , Sun Ge 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe world's largest afforestation programs implemented by China made a great contribution to the global “greening up.” These programs have received worldwide attention due to its contribution toward achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, emerging studies have suggested that these campaigns, when not properly implemented, resulted in unintended ecological and water security concerns at the regional scale. While mounting evidence shows that afforestation causes substantial reduction in water yield at the watershed scale, process‐based studies on how forest plantations alter the partitioning of rainwater and affect water balance components in natural vegetation are still lacking at the plot scale. This lack of science‐based data prevents a comprehensive understanding of forest‐related ecosystem services such as soil conservation and water supply under climate change. The present study represents the first “Paired Plot” study of the water balance of afforestation on the Loess Plateau. We investigate the effects of forest structure and environmental factors on the full water cycle in a typical multilayer plantation forest composed of black locust, one of the most popular tree species for plantations worldwide. We measure the ecohydrological components of a black locust versus natural grassland on adjacent sites. The startling finding of this study is that, contrary to the general belief, the understory—instead of the overstory—was the main water consumer in this plantation. Moreover, there is a strict physiological regulation of forest transpiration. In contrast to grassland, annual seepage under the forest was minor in years with an average rainfall. We conclude that global long‐term greening efforts in drylands require careful ecohydrologic evaluation so that green and blue water trade‐offs are properly addressed. This is especially important for reforestation‐based watershed land management, that aims at carbon sequestration in mitigating climate change while maintaining regional water security, to be effective on a large scale.
Nitrous oxide production by ammonia oxidizers: Physiological diversity, niche differentiation and potential mitigation strategies
Authors: Prosser James I. , Hink Linda , Gubry‐Rangin Cécile , Nicol Graeme W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOxidation of ammonia to nitrite by bacteria and archaea is responsible for global emissions of nitrous oxide directly and indirectly through provision of nitrite and, after further oxidation, nitrate to denitrifiers. Their contributions to increasing N2O emissions are greatest in terrestrial environments, due to the dramatic and continuing increases in use of ammonia‐based fertilizers, which have been driven by requirement for increased food production, but which also provide a source of energy for ammonia oxidizers (AO), leading to an imbalance in the terrestrial nitrogen cycle. Direct N2O production by AO results from several metabolic processes, sometimes combined with abiotic reactions. Physiological characteristics, including mechanisms for N2O production, vary within and between ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) and comammox bacteria and N2O yield of AOB is higher than in the other two groups. There is also strong evidence for niche differentiation between AOA and AOB with respect to environmental conditions in natural and engineered environments. In particular, AOA are favored by low soil pH and AOA and AOB are, respectively, favored by low rates of ammonium supply, equivalent to application of slow‐release fertilizer, or high rates of supply, equivalent to addition of high concentrations of inorganic ammonium or urea. These differences between AOA and AOB provide the potential for better fertilization strategies that could both increase fertilizer use efficiency and reduce N2O emissions from agricultural soils. This article reviews research on the biochemistry, physiology and ecology of AO and discusses the consequences for AO communities subjected to different agricultural practices and the ways in which this knowledge, coupled with improved methods for characterizing communities, might lead to improved fertilizer use efficiency and mitigation of N2O emissions.
Defining CO2 and O2 syndromes of marine biomes in the Anthropocene
Authors: Klein Shannon G. , Steckbauer Alexandra , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResearch efforts have intensified to foresee the prospects for marine biomes under climate change and anthropogenic drivers over varying temporal and spatial scales. Parallel with these efforts is the utilization of terminology, such as ‘ocean acidification’ (OA) and ‘ocean deoxygenation’ (OD), that can foster rapid comprehension of complex processes driving carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) concentrations in the global ocean and thus, are now widely used in discussions within and beyond academia. However, common usage of the terms ‘acidification’ and ‘deoxygenation’ alone are subjective and, without adequate contextualization, have the potential to mislead inferences over drivers that may ultimately shape the future state of marine ecosystems. Here we clarify the usage of the terms OA and OD as global, climate change‐driven processes and discuss the various attributes of elevated CO2 and reduced O2 syndromes common to coastal ecosystems. We support the use of the existing terms ‘coastal acidification’ and ‘coastal deoxygenation’ because they help differentiate the sometimes rapid and extreme nature of CO2 and O2 syndromes in coastal ecosystems from the global, climate change‐driven processes of OA and OD. Given the complexity and breadth of the processes involved in altering CO2 and O2 concentrations across marine ecosystems, we provide a workflow to enable contextualization and clarification of the usage of existing terms and highlight the close link between these two gases across spatial and temporal scales in the ocean. These distinctions are crucial to guide effective communication of research within the scientific community and guide policymakers responsible for intervening on the drivers to secure desirable future ocean states.
Relationship between oral environment and development of pneumonia and acute viral respiratory infection in dependent older individuals
Authors: Tashiro Haruki , Kikutani Takeshi , Tamura Fumiyo , Takahashi Noriaki , Tohara Takashi , Nawachi Kumiko , Maekawa Kenji , Kuboki Takuo 
Published: October 2019

AimThe importance of oral care has been recognized for the prevention of airway infections in older individuals who require long‐term care. The present prospective cohort study was carried out a decade ago to identify risk factors with numerous intraoral conditions as possible predictors involved in the onset of pneumonia and acute viral respiratory infection (AVRI) in older people requiring long‐term care during a 6‐month follow‐up period (including winter).MethodsThis study included 1785 older individuals residing in 31 long‐term care facilities in which dental hygienists were involved in instruction on daily oral care. Primary end‐points were development of pneumonia and AVRI during the 6‐month follow‐up period. Several factors related to each participant's general condition, oral environment, swallowing function and vaccinations (or lack thereof) were evaluated by calibrated dentists and dental hygienists before the study onset.ResultsDuring the 6‐month follow‐up period, 74 participants (4.1%) developed pneumonia, and 28 participants (1.6%) developed AVRI. Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that poor nutritional status and the presence of dysphagia were significant risk factors for pneumonia onset. The presence of dry mouth and halitosis were significant risk factors for AVRI.ConclusionsThis prospective multicenter cohort study identified poor nutritional status and dysphagia as independent risk factors for the development of pneumonia, and dry mouth and halitosis as independent risk factors for the development of AVRI in older people who require long‐term care and who routinely receive professional oral care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1136–1140.
Correlation between frailty and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Data from the CHIKARA study
Authors: Tada Masahiro , Yamada Yutaro , Mandai Koji , Hidaka Noriaki 
Published: October 2019

AimFrailty is defined as the degradation of physical and cognitive function in older adults. The relationship between frailty and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is unclear. Factors related to frailty in Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patients were investigated in a cross‐sectional analysis.MethodsOf 100 patients who entered the prospective, observational Correlation research of sarcopenia, skeletal muscle and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (CHIKARA) study, 95 completed a frailty check list (maximal score 25), and were classified as frail (8–25 points), pre‐frail (4–7 points) and normal (0–3 points). The relationship with disease activity was investigated in the frailty, pre‐frailty and normal groups. Relationships between clinical variables and frailty were evaluated by univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe prevalences of frailty, pre‐frailty and normal were 18.9%, 38.9% and 42.2%, respectively. The disease activity score 28 erythrocyte sedimentation rate, matrix metalloproteinase 3 and modified health assessment questionnaire were higher in the frailty group. In remission, 66.6% were normal and 6.7% had frailty, but with moderate and high disease activity, 13.3% were normal and 46.7% had frailty. On univariate analysis, factors positively related to frailty were age, locomotive syndrome, disease activity score 28 erythrocyte sedimentation rate, matrix metalloproteinase 3, use of biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs or targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, Steinbrocker class and modified health assessment questionnaire; and the leg muscle score and grip strength were negatively related. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 was the only independent factor on multivariate logistic analysis. In patients aged >60 years, this tendency was similar.ConclusionsFrailty was found to be related to disease activity and physical function in rheumatoid arthritis. Control of disease activity appears important to prevent frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1220–1225.
Super‐resolution imaging reveals changes in Escherichia coli SSB localization in response to DNA damage
Authors: Zhao Tianyu , Liu Yan , Wang Zilin , He Rongyan , Xiang Zhang Jia , Xu Feng , Lei Ming , Deci Michael B. , Nguyen Juliane , Bianco Piero R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe E. coli single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein (SSB) is essential to viability. It plays key roles in DNA metabolism where it binds to nascent single strands of DNA and to target proteins known as the SSB interactome. There are >2,000 tetramers of SSB per cell with 100–150 associated with the genome at any one time, either at DNA replication forks or at sites of repair. The remaining 1,900 tetramers could constantly diffuse throughout the cytosol or be associated with the inner membrane as observed for other DNA metabolic enzymes. To visualize SSB localization and to ascertain potential spatiotemporal changes in response to DNA damage, SSB‐GFP chimeras were visualized using a novel, super‐resolution microscope optimized for the study of prokaryotic cells. In the absence of DNA damage, SSB localizes to a small number of foci and the excess protein is associated with the inner membrane where it binds to the major phospholipids. Within five minutes following DNA damage, the vast majority of SSB disengages from the membrane and is found almost exclusively in the cell interior. Here, it is observed in a large number of foci, in discreet structures or, in diffuse form spread over the genome, thereby enabling repair events.
Mothers’ intentions and behaviours regarding providing risk communication to their daughters about their possibility of being haemophilia carriers: A qualitative study
Authors: Fujii Tomie , Fujii Teruhisa , Miyakoshi Yukiko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionProphylactic replacement therapy has enabled improvements in the quality of life of patients with haemophilia. However, these patients and their families continue to report psychosocial problems regarding pregnancy and childbirth. In a situation where there is little medical support for haemophilia carriers (HCs), parents must inform their children regarding their possibility of being HCs.AimThis study aimed to elucidate intentions and challenges among mothers with daughters who may be HCs, regarding providing them with carrier risk communication (RC).MethodsStudy participants were mothers with daughters who have the possibility of being HCs. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 mothers and were fully transcribed. The analysis was undertaken using a grounded theory‐informed approach, through a process of repeated inductive and deductive qualitative coding.ResultsThe study included 14 mothers who had already provided RC to their daughters, five who had not yet provided RC but who intended to do so, and one with no intention of providing RC. Mothers who had already provided RC included those who were not troubled and those who experienced psychological difficulties regarding the RC. Participants who had not provided RC experienced difficulties with ‘not knowing what to do’ and feelings of ‘anxiety due to uncertainty’ and reported not knowing the best RC method or timing.ConclusionThe study revealed a need for support for persons experiencing difficulties with informing their daughters of their possibility of being HCs. Healthcare professionals can advise parents to reduce the burden of providing carrier RC to their daughters.
Influence of patient and hospital characteristics on inpatient satisfaction in China's tertiary hospitals: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hu LinLin , Ding Hui , Liu Shiyang , Wang Zijuan , Hu Guangyu , Liu Yuanli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient satisfaction has been seen as a key criterion when evaluating hospitals and is one of the main focuses of the current health‐care reform in China. This paper aimed to explore patient‐ and hospital‐level factors associated with inpatient satisfaction, which can provide policy implications for the evaluation and development of a patient‐oriented health‐care system.MethodsThe paper analyses data from the 2017 China National Patient Survey which includes 20 300 inpatients from 131 tertiary hospitals across 31 provinces. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regressions are conducted to identify key factors related to satisfaction.ResultsPatient sociodemographic characteristics, including gender, age, income and insurance type, are found to be strongly associated with their satisfaction of inpatient experience. In terms of institutional characteristics, hospital type, size, staffing and financial performance are also significantly correlated with inpatient satisfaction. Patients are more satisfied with specialist hospitals and large hospitals measured by the number of beds and surgeries. Hospitals with higher nurse‐to‐bed ratio also receive more satisfaction. The financial performance of hospitals, however, is negatively associated with satisfaction.ConclusionPatient satisfaction contains unique information on service quality and thus should be incorporated into the matrix of hospital evaluation. Meanwhile, differences in patient composition must be adjusted to make fair comparisons across hospitals. Moreover, future reform needs to put greater efforts in the design of comprehensive public insurance scheme, efficient hospital structure and an overall well‐functioning health‐care delivery system in order to better serve patients in China.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF COOPERATION IN THE DYNAMIC COMMON POOL GAME
Authors: Vespa Emanuel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article studies experimentally to what extent subjects can cooperate in a dynamic common pool game, where the stage game changes endogenously. Although efficiency can be supported with strategies that condition on history, the main finding is that it is difficult to cooperate. Even if the incentives to cooperate are large, modal behavior can be rationalized with equilibrium Markov strategies that do not condition on history. The popularity of Markov strategies, however, is decreasing in the incentives to cooperate. The evidence also suggests that strategic uncertainty added by facing stage games that change in time may move play away from efficiency.
Determinants of indebtedness among young adults: Impacts of lender guidelines, explicit information and financial (over)confidence
Authors: Carlsson Hauff Jeanette , Nilsson Jonas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor most people, borrowing money is a necessary aspect of life in the 21st century. Wisely handled, loans give consumers access to consumption too expensive for most individuals to purchase with cash, such as homes and cars. However, history shows that taking ontoo muchdebt can be detrimental for the individual consumer as well as society as a whole. In this paper, we investigate determinants of over‐indebtedness among young adults. We perform three studies in a setting focused on buying and borrowing money for a home. We show that, compared with an overall mortgage amount, explicit information about monthly payments reduces the tendency to take on too much debt (Study 1), that the amount borrowed depends on standards regarding the loan amount communicated through guidelines from the lender (Study 2), and that borrowers who are overconfident about their financial abilities tend to borrow more than less confident individuals (Study 3). These determinants and their policy implications are discussed.
Managing International Migration: Rethinking Transaction Costs, Red Tape, and Their Impact
Authors: Visvizi Anna , Pachocka Marta , Lytras Miltiadis D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe debate on migration is bound to be tough and uneasy, and yet it is necessary to ask the difficult questions and listen to arguments that we may not like. Only in this way, it will be possible to have a solid and healthy discussion on the prospect of an efficient global governance regime. This Special Section addresses this imperative by exploring the prospect of turning away from ad hoc migration management towards holistic global migration governance. Migration defies any moral judgment and imposes moral obligations on those more fortunate. Tools and, so, policies are needed to follow this moral imperative of serving without harming. Transaction costs and red tape are nevertheless central in the debate. This Special Section sheds some light on it.
Extensive left atrial ablation was associated with exacerbation of left atrial stiffness and dyspnea
Authors: Moon Inki , Lee Seo‐young , Lee Euijae , Lee So‐Ryoung , Cha Myung‐Jin , Choi Eue‐Keun , Oh Seil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe left atrium (LA), including the pulmonary vein antrum, is the main target of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there is a lack of data on the effect of extensive LA ablation on LA stiffness. This study sought to investigate the impact of extensive LA ablation on LA stiffness and dyspnea after the restoration of sinus rhythm.MethodsIn total, 97 patients with AF (80 patients who only underwent pulmonary vein isolation [PVI] and 17 patients who underwent extensive LA ablation) were investigated. Extensive LA ablation was defined as PVI plus at least two sets of LA linear‐line ablation. LA stiffness was estimated using the ratio of E/e’ to global longitudinal LA strain, as measured by echocardiography. The clinical outcomes we evaluated were AF recurrence and composite dyspnea, which we defined as newly prescribed diuretics or hospitalization for heart failure.ResultsPatients were 59.3 ± 10.0 years old on average, and 68 (70.1%) were male. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or echocardiographic parameters before ablation between the two groups. After ablation, LA stiffness was higher in the extensive ablation group compared with that in the PVI group (0.9 ± 0.6 vs 0.5 ± 0.3, respectively, P = .017). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that extensive ablation increased LA stiffness (ß = 0.363, P < .001). AF recurrence was similar in both groups; however, composite dyspnea outcomes were worse in the extensive ablation group (P = .003).ConclusionExtensive LA ablation was associated with a worsening of LA stiffness. This might explain dyspnea despite the successful restoration of sinus rhythm.