bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of listening to music in digestive endoscopy: A prospective intervention study led by nursing
Authors: Spagnuolo Rocco , Corea Alessandro , Blumetti Mariantonietta , Giovinazzo Alessia , Serafino Massimiliano , Pagliuso Caterina , Pagnotta Raffaele , Curto Grazia , Cosco Cristina , Cosco Vincenzo , Mancina Rosellina Margherita , Garieri Pietro , Papaleo Anna , Grande Laura , Barilaro Anna , Garofalo Eugenio , Bruni Andrea , Doldo Patrizia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore whether music can reduce anxiety and pain in patients who underwent diagnostic endoscopic examinations in conscious and deep sedation and to assess degree of satisfaction and willingness to repeat the procedure.DesignProspective study led by nursing.MethodsBetween March 2019–June 2019, consecutive outpatients undergoing endoscopic examinations were simple matched into four groups: Group 1: conscious sedation with music; Group 2: conscious sedation without music; Group 3: deep sedation with music and Group 4: deep sedation without music. Ten minutes before the procedure, two trainee nurses applied music. State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to evaluate anxiety.ResultsBefore and at the end of the procedure, patients who listened to music had a lower level anxiety than those who did not listen and, also, reported lower pain intensity during procedure. Only within Group 1 median anxiety, measured after the procedure, is lower than that measured before. In the bivariate logistic regression model, pain and listening to music were independent factors for satisfaction and willingness to repeat procedure.Conclusionmusic in digestive endoscopy reduce pain and anxiety in conscious sedation, thus could be used to reduce anxiety in support to conscious sedation leading to lower usage of deep sedation and consequently reduction of costs and adverse events.Impact

Anxiety in digestive endoscopy limits patients’ satisfaction.

Music in digestive endoscopy as a specific nursing intervention could reduce anxiety of patients.

This nursing intervention study confirms positive effect of music in digestive endoscopy.

As part of nursing management, the addition of music to daily care practice in digestive endoscopy may reduce anxiety and increase the patient's degree of satisfaction.

Use of music could limit deep sedation use in digestive endoscopy with consequent reduction of risks for patients, execution times, and costs of procedures.
Recently increased prevalence of the human median artery of the forearm: A microevolutionary change
Authors: Lucas Teghan , Kumaratilake Jaliya , Henneberg Maciej 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe median artery has been considered as an embryonic structure, which normally regresses around the 8th week of gestation. However, various prevalences have been reported in adults since the 18th century. Furthermore, in a study by Henneberg and George (1995; Am J Phys Anthropol 96, 329–334), has suggested that increasing prevalence of the median artery during the 20th century was a ‘possible secular trend’. The present study, conducted nearly a quarter of a century later, is a continuation of that study. A total of 26 median arteries were found in 78 upper limbs obtained from Australians aged 51 to 101 years, who died in the period 2015–2016, a prevalence rate of 33.3%. Analysis of the literature showed that the presence of the median artery has been significantly increasing (p = .001) over time, from approximately 10% in people born in the mid‐1880s to approximately 30% by the end of the 20th century. The significance of the prevalence increased to a p value <.0001, when the results of the present study and other studies conducted by our research team were combined. After removal of the studies that were possibly biased, because of their specific focus on the evolutionary aspects of the median artery, the significance remained at p = .018. The present study provides an example of microevolutionary changes in the internal anatomy of the human body. Second‐order polynomial regression of the median artery's prevalence on dates of birth shows that it is now present in 35% of people and predicts that people born 80 years from now will all carry a median artery if the trend continues. When the median artery prevalence reaches 50% or more, it should not be considered as a variant, but as a ‘normal’ human structure.
Psychometrics and diagnostic properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5‐min protocol in screening for Mild Cognitive Impairment and dementia among older adults in Tanzania: A validation study
Authors: Masika Golden M. , Yu Doris S. F. , Li Polly W. C. , Wong Adrian , Lin Rose S. Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of dementia in Tanzania, as in other developing countries, is progressively increasing. Yet international screening instruments for mild cognitive impairment are lacking.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the psychometrics and the diagnostic ability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5 minutes protocol (MoCA‐5‐min) among older adults in the rural Tanzania.MethodsThe MoCA‐5‐min and the Identification and Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans (IDEA) cognitive screening were concurrently administered through face to face to 202 community‐dwelling older adults in Chamwino district. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal component method and oblique rotation was performed to determine the underlying factor structure of the scale. The concurrent and construct as well as predictive validities of the MoCA‐5‐min were examined by comparing its score with IDEA cognitive screening and psychiatrist's diagnosis using DSM‐V criteria, respectively.ResultsThe EFA found that all the MoCA‐5‐min items highly loaded into one component, with factor loading ranging from 0.550 to 0.879. The intraclass correlation coefficient for 6 weeks test‐retest reliability was 0.85. Its strong significant correlation with the IDEA screening (Pearson's r = 0.614, p < 0.001) demonstrated a good concurrent validity. Using the psychiatrist's rating as the gold standard, MoCA‐5‐min demonstrated the optimal cut‐off score for MCI at 22, which yielded the sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 74%; and dementia at score of 16 giving a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80%. Upon stratifying the sample into different age groups, the optimal cut‐off scores tended to decrease with the increase in age.ConclusionThe MoCA‐5‐min is reliable and provides a valid and accurate measure of cognitive decline among older population in the rural settings of Tanzania. The use of varying cut‐off scores across age groups may ensure more precise discriminatory power of the MoCA‐5‐min.Implications for practiceAvailability of the MoCA‐5‐min in Tanzania will facilitate clinicians to timely detect dementia at both pre‐clinical and clinical stages. Its availability will also encourage further research and international collaborations in dementia prevention programs.
Concomitant changes in ventricular depolarization and repolarization and long‐term outcomes of biventricular pacing
Authors: Polcwiartek Christoffer , Friedman Daniel J. , Emerek Kasper , Graff Claus , Sørensen Peter L. , Kisslo Joseph , Loring Zak , Hansen Steen M. , Kragholm Kristian , Tayal Bhupendar , Jensen Svend E. , Søgaard Peter , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Atwater Brett D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiventricular (BiV) pacing increases transmural repolarization heterogeneity due to epicardial to endocardial conduction from the left ventricular (LV) lead. However, limited evidence is available on concomitant changes in ventricular depolarization and repolarization and long‐term outcomes of BiV pacing. Therefore, we investigated associations of BiV pacing‐induced concomitant changes in ventricular depolarization and repolarization with mortality (i.e., LV assist device, heart transplantation, or all‐cause mortality) and sustained ventricular arrhythmia endpoints.MethodsConsecutive BiV‐defibrillator recipients with digital preimplantation and postimplantation electrocardiograms recorded between 2006 and 2015 at Duke University Medical Center were included. We calculated changes in QRS duration and corrected JT (JTc) interval and split them by median values. For simplicity, these variables were named QRSdecreased (≤ −12 ms), QRSincreased (> –12 ms), JTcdecreased (≤22 ms), and JTcincreased (> 22 ms) and subsequently used to construct four mutually exclusive groups.ResultsWe included 528 patients (median age, 68 years; male, 69%). No correlation between changes in QRS duration and JTc interval was observed (P = .295). Compared to QRSdecreased/JTcincreased, increased risk of the composite mortality endpoint was associated with QRSdecreased/JTcdecreased (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09‐2.43), QRSincreased/JTcdecreased (HR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.27‐2.71), and QRSincreased/JTcincreased (HR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.52‐3.35). No QRS/JTc group was associated with excess sustained ventricular arrhythmia risk (P = .400).ConclusionAmong BiV‐defibrillator recipients, QRSdecreased/JTcincreased was associated with the most favorable long‐term survival free of LV assist device, heart transplantation, and sustained ventricular arrhythmias. Our findings suggest that improved electrical resynchronization may be achieved by assessing concomitant changes in ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
The Analysis of Occurrences Associated with Air Traffic Volume and Air Traffic Controllers’ Alertness for Fatigue Risk Management
Authors: Li Wen‐Chin , Kearney Peter , Zhang Jingyi , Hsu Yueh‐Ling , Braithwaite Graham 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFatigue is an inevitable hazard in the provision of air traffic services and it has the potential to degrade human performance leading to occurrences. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) requires air navigation services which providers establish fatigue risk management systems (FRMS) based on scientific principles for the purpose of managing fatigue. To develop effective FRMSs, it is important to investigate the relationship between traffic volume, air traffic management occurrences, and fatigue. Fifty‐seven qualified ATCOs from a European Air Navigation Services provider participated in this research by providing data indicating their alertness levels over the course of a 24‐hour period. ATCOs’ fatigue data were compared against the total of 153 occurrences and 962,328 air traffic volumes from the Eurocontrol TOKAI incident database in 2019. The result demonstrated that ATCO fatigue levels are not the main contributory factor associated with air traffic management occurrences, although fatigue did impact ATCOs’ performance. High traffic volume increases ATCO cognitive task load that can surpass available attention resources leading to occurrences. Furthermore, human resilience drives ATCOs to maintain operational safety though they suffer from circadian fatigue. Consequently, FRMS appropriately implemented can be used to mitigate the effects of fatigue. First‐line countermeasure strategies should focus on enough rest breaks and roster schedule optimization; secondary strategies should focus on monitoring ATCOs’ task loads that may induce fatigue. It is vital to consider traffic volume and ATCOs’ alertness levels when implementing effective fatigue risk management protocols.
Automatic filtering and 2D modeling of airborne laser scanning building point cloud
Authors: Tarsha Kurdi Fayez , Awrangjeb Mohammad , Munir Nosheen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article suggests a new approach to automatic building footprint modeling using exclusively airborne LiDAR data. The first part of the suggested approach is the filtering of the building point cloud using the bias of the Z‐coordinate histogram. This operation aims to detect the points of roof class from the building point cloud. Hence, eight rules for histogram interpretation are suggested. The second part of the suggested approach is the roof modeling algorithm. It starts by detecting the roof planes and calculating their adjacency matrix. Hence, the roof plane boundaries are classified into four categories: (1) outer boundary; (2) inner plane boundaries; (3) roof detail boundaries; and (4) boundaries related to the missing planes. Finally, the junction relationships of roof plane boundaries are analyzed for detecting the roof vertices. With regard to the resulting accuracy quantification, the average values of the correctness and the completeness indices are employed in both approaches. In the filtering algorithm, their values are respectively equal to 97.5 and 98.6%, whereas they are equal to 94.0 and 94.0% in the modeling approach. These results reflect the high efficacy of the suggested approach.
Asynchronous video messaging promotes family involvement and mitigates separation in neonatal care
Authors: Kirolos Sandy , Sutcliffe Lynsey , Giatsi Clausen Maria , Abernethy Carolyn , Shanmugalingam Shanthi , Bauwens Nicole , Orme Judith , Thomson Kirsty , Grattan Rosemary , Patel Neil 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the parent and staff experience of a secure video messaging service as a component of neonatal care.DesignMulticentre evaluation incorporating quantitative and qualitative items.SettingLevel II and level III UK neonatal units.PopulationFamilies of neonatal inpatients and neonatal staff.InterventionUse of a secure, cloud-based asynchronous video messaging service to send short messages from neonatal staff to families. Evaluation undertaken July–November 2019.Main outcome measuresParental experience, including anxiety, involvement in care, relationships between parents and staff, and breastmilk expression.ResultsIn pre-implementation surveys (n=41), families reported high levels of stress and anxiety and were receptive to use of the service. In post-implementation surveys (n=42), 88% perceived a benefit of the service on their neonatal experience. Families rated a positive impact of the service on anxiety, sleep, family involvement and relationships with staff. Qualitative responses indicated enhanced emotional closeness, increased involvement in care and a positive effect on breastmilk expression. Seventy-seven post-implementation staff surveys were also collected. Staff rated the service as easy to use, with minimal impact on workload. Seventy-one percent (n=55) felt the service had a positive impact on relationships with families. Staff identified the need to manage parental expectations in relation to the number of videos that could be sent.ConclusionsAsynchronous video messaging improves parental experience, emotional closeness to their baby and builds supportive relationships between families and staff. Asynchronous video supports models of family integrated care and can mitigate family separation, which could be particularly relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Determinants of good metabolic control without weight gain in type 2 diabetes management: a machine learning analysis
Authors: Giorda Carlo Bruno , Pisani Federico , De Micheli Alberto , Ponzani Paola , Russo Giuseppina , Guaita Giacomo , Zilich Rita , Musacchio Nicoletta 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the factors (clinical, organizational or doctor-related) involved in a timely and effective achievement of metabolic control, with no weight gain, in type 2 diabetes.Research design and MethodsOverall, 5.5 million of Hab1c and corresponding weight were studied in the Associazione Medici Diabetologi Annals database (2005–2017 data from 1.5 million patients of the Italian diabetes clinics network). Logic learning machine, a specific type of machine learning technique, was used to extract and rank the most relevant variables and to create the best model underlying the achievement of HbA1c<7 and no weight gain.ResultsThe combined goal was achieved in 37.5% of measurements. High HbA1c and fasting glucose values and slow drop of HbA1c have the greatest relevance and emerge as first, main, obstacles the doctor has to overcome. However, as a second line of negative factors, markers of insulin resistance, microvascular complications, years of observation and proxy of duration of disease appear to be important determinants. Quality of assistance provided by the clinic plays a positive role. Almost all the available oral agents are effective whereas insulin use shows positive impact on glucometabolism but negative on weight containment. We also tried to analyze the contribution of each component of the combined endpoint; we found that weight gain was less frequently the reason for not reaching the endpoint and that HbA1c and weight have different determinants. Of note, use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) and glifozins improves weight control.ConclusionsTreating diabetes as early as possible with the best quality of care, before beta-cell deterioration and microvascular complications occurrence, make it easier to compensate patients. This message is a warning against clinical inertia. All medications play a role in goal achievements but use of GLP1-RAs and glifozins contributes to overweight prevention.
Reaction model and thermodynamic properties between sulfur-containing active groups and oxygen during coal self-heating
Authors: Qi Xuyao , Chen Liangzhou , Tang Jie , Xin Haihui , Liang Zhongqiu 
Published: September 2020

To further study the mechanism of coal self-heating, the reaction sequences and thermodynamic properties between sulfur-containing groups and oxygen during coal self-heating were analyzed. The benzyl mercaptan and diphenyl sulfide were selected as typical sulfur-containing structures existing in coal. Their structural parameters, frontier orbital characteristics, and thermodynamic parameters were analyzed through quantum chemistry calculation and their detailed reaction sequences with oxygen were proposed. The results indicate that the thiol structure in coal can easily react with oxygen at low temperatures and release large amounts of heat (146.70 kJ/mol) during coal self-heating, providing active free radicals and energy for subsequent chain reactions of coal spontaneous combustion. The oxidation reaction between the thioether structure and oxygen cannot occur at room temperature. With the accumulation of heat, thioether gradually becomes active and reacts with oxygen to form sulfoxide and release an enormous amount of heat (248.09 kJ/mol), which can be further oxidized to sulfone with an increase in temperature. The reaction models of thiol and thioether groups during coal self-heating were proposed, which involves eight main reaction sequences (R1∼R8). It indicates that the reactions of thiol and thioether groups play crucial roles during the evolution of coal self-heating, with a slow oxidation stage at low temperatures and an accelerated oxidation stage at high temperatures.
Revisiting a family of wormholes: geometry, matter, scalar quasinormal modes and echoes
Authors: Dutta Roy Poulami , Aneesh S. , Kar Sayan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe revisit a family of ultra-static Lorentzian wormholes which includes Ellis–Bronnikov spacetime as a special case. We first show how the required total matter stress energy (which violates the local energy conditions) may be split into a part due to a phantom scalar and another extra piece (which vanishes for Ellis–Bronnikov) satisfying the Averaged Null Energy Condition (ANEC) along radial null geodesics. Thereafter, we examine the effective potential for scalar wave propagation in a general setting. Conditions on the metric function, for which the effective potential may have double barrier features are written down and illustrated (using this class of wormholes). Subsequently, using numerous methods, we obtain the scalar quasinormal modes (QNMs). We note the behaviour of the QNMs as a function of n (the metric parameter) and $$b_0$$

b
0

(the wormhole throat radius). Thus, the shapes and sizes of the wormholes, governed by the metric parameter n and the throat radius $$b_0$$

b
0

are linked to the variation and the values of the QNMs. Finally, we demonstrate how, for large n, the time domain profiles exhibit, expectedly, the occurence of echoes. In summary, our results suggest that this family of wormholes may indeed be used as a template for further studies on the gravitational wave physics of exotic compact objects.
Late-time tails, entropy aspects, and stability of black holes with anisotropic fluids
Authors: Cuadros-Melgar B. , Fontana R. D. B. , de Oliveira Jeferson 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work we consider black holes surrounded by anisotropic fluids in four dimensions. We first study the causal structure of these solutions showing some similarities and differences with Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter black holes. In addition, we consider scalar perturbations on this background geometry and compute the corresponding quasinormal modes. Moreover, we discuss the late-time behavior of the perturbations finding an interesting new feature, i.e., the presence of a subdominant power-law tail term. Likewise, we compute the Bekenstein entropy bound and the first semiclassical correction to the black hole entropy using the brick wall method, showing their universality. Finally, we also discuss the thermodynamical stability of the model.
Regional hydrocarbon potential of the northeastern Caribbean based on integration of sediment thickness and source rock maturity data
Authors: Tillman Travis , Mann Paul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Over 72 exploration wells have been drilled on the Caribbean islands of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico over the past century, but with no commercial success. A question is whether these Caribbean oceanic islands have experienced sufficient subsidence and burial for any potential source rocks to reach maturity and produce commercial hydrocarbons. Subsurface data from previous studies were compiled into a regional depth to basement and sediment thickness map for Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and their offshore areas. The thickest basins include the Enriquillo/Cul-de-Sac basin (6.3 km), San Juan/Plateau Central basin (5 km), Azua basin (2.8 km), Cibao basin (5 km), North Coast basin (2.5 km), South Coast basin (1.3 km), Haiti sub-basin (3.7 km), Hispaniola basin (3.5 km) and San Pedro basin (3 km). One-dimensional modelling for six onland basins shows that only the Azua basin of the south-central Dominican Republic has reached sufficient maturity to place potential source rocks into the oil window. Our study shows that commercial hydrocarbons are possible in the deeper basins – Azua basin, San Juan–Plateau Central basin and Cibao basin of Hispaniola – but unlikely in the shallower basins that lack sufficient overburden for organic maturity.