bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Organic Matter and Palynomorphs from the Neoproterozoic Zor Diamictite of the Ramsu Formation in the Ramban District, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Khullar Sumeet , Pandita Sundeep K. , Meinhold Guido , Bhat Ghulam M. , Raina Brij K. , Thusu Bindra , Jones Malcolm J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The presence of medium-grade organic matter confirmed by Raman spectroscopy is reported for the first time from the Zor diamictite of the Ramsu Formation, Tethyan Himalaya. The organic matter has undergone overmature thermal evolution. The sediment shows low total organic carbon (TOC) and low total sulfur (TS) values of &lt;0.25% and &lt;0.01%, respectively. Low TS/TOC &lt; 0.08 suggests oxic bottom waters during the deposition of the Zor diamictite. The recovered palynomorph assemblage includes Leiosphaeridia spp., Kildinosphaera verrucata, Trachyhystrichosphaera sp., the filamentous cyanophyte Taeniatum sp., the clusters of simple, spheroidal forms Myxococcoides sp., and the colonial cyanobacteria Synsphaeridium sp. This palynomorph assemblage suggests a Neoproterozoic age for the Zor diamictite of the Ramsu Formation.
Evaluation of Geochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in Parts of Ghataprabha Sub-basin Using DRASTIC Indices
Authors: Mali Shailaja. C. , Thabaj Kiran. A. , Purandara B. K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Ghataprabha is an auxiliary of river Krishna and flows over Chandgad taluk of Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. Bauxite mining was one of the major issues in this part of the sub-basin, in the early ’90s due to which there was a strong public protest about the quality of water. Accordingly, a survey was conducted to get the public perception on water pollution in the headwater catchment of Ghataprabha sub-basin. During the survey, a broad opinion was expressed with regard to water quality contamination of Ghataprabha river by a section of the society living in the riparian zones of the river basin. Therefore, in this paper, an effort has been done to understand the in variation in water quality with special reference to groundwater. Thirty-eight groundwater samples (nineteen each from before and after rainy season) were assembled and analysed for EC, TDS, pH, chlorine ion HCO3, SO4, PO4, Ca, Mg, Na and K. The values have shown that the density of all measured factors is broadly within the permissible limits (as per BIS Standards), before and after-monsoon. The present observations do compared with the earlier reported parameters of the year 2000. The results show that there is a betterment of water quality in the mining field as compared to previous data. This clearly demonstrates that the mining area can be reclaimed over the years by taking appropriate conservation measures. However, ionic ratios such as SAR, KR and SSP showed considerable variations indicating that there is localised impact on water quality resulting in the groundwater pollution. DRASTIC indices were computed based on hydrogeological characteristics and found that more than 30% of the observatory wells are contaminated where the nitrates are very high (more than 45mg/L) which clearly demonstrated that groundwater is getting polluted in high intense agriculture areas and also in areas close to settlements.
Biological activity of composts obtained from hop waste generated during the brewing
Authors: Kopeć Michał , Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika , Gondek Krzysztof , Wolny-Koładka Katarzyna , Zdaniewicz Marek , Jarosz Renata 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNew ways of managing hop sediments from brewing and fermentation of beer are constantly being sought and the existing ones improved as part of the circular economy. These wastes are not generated in large amounts, but the absence of their proper characteristics may lead to further processing errors. The study analyses the composting of hop waste under laboratory conditions and the effects of the biological activity of composts introduced into the soil. The study was carried out on two-hop sediments from two different technological stages of beer production: hot trub (HT) and spent hops (SH). Chemical, microbiological and biochemical analyses, as well as the assessment of phytotoxicity to Lepidium sativum L., were performed in the materials. The results proved that, due to their formation technology, the tested feedstocks are safe from an epidemiological point of view and are not a source of microbial contamination. Inhibitory properties for plant development were found for HT and it most likely results from the organic compound content. The mineral composition of hot trub does not exclude composting if its share in biomass is low. Spent hops (SH) were characterised by a significant total nitrogen content, which affected the composting process. Composting this sediment required the selection of substrates with a wide C:N ratio. The number of microorganisms inhabiting the analysed material was very diverse and varied depending on the type of sediments. The sample that contained the composted SH from dry hopping had a much larger number of microorganisms than the sample with HT from wet hopping.
GDTM: Graph-based Dynamic Topic Models
Authors: Ghoorchian Kambiz , Sahlgren Magnus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDynamic Topic Modeling (DTM) is the ultimate solution for extracting topics from short texts generated in Online Social Networks (OSNs) like Twitter. It requires to be scalable and to be able to account for sparsity and dynamicity of short texts. Current solutions combine probabilistic mixture models like Dirichlet Multinomial or Pitman-Yor Process with approximate inference approaches like Gibbs Sampling and Stochastic Variational Inference to, respectively, account for dynamicity and scalability of DTM. However, these methods basically rely on weak probabilistic language models, which do not account for sparsity in short texts. In addition, their inference is based on iterative optimizations, which have scalability issues when it comes to DTM. We present GDTM, a single-pass graph-based DTM algorithm, to solve the problem. GDTM combines a context-rich and incremental feature representation method with graph partitioning to address scalability and dynamicity and uses a rich language model to account for sparsity. We run multiple experiments over a large-scale Twitter dataset to analyze the accuracy and scalability of GDTM and compare the results with four state-of-the-art models. In result, GDTM outperforms the best model by $$11\%$$

11
%

on accuracy and performs by an order of magnitude faster while creating four times better topic quality over standard evaluation metrics.
Emissions of Er3+ and Yb3+ co-doped SrZrO3 nanocrystals under near-infrared and near-ultraviolet excitations
Authors: Lim Hyeontae , Lim Juyeong , Jang Soyoung , Lee Y. S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, the upconversion (UC) emissions of Er3+ and Yb3+ co-doped SrZrO3 nanocrystals (NCs) were investigated in terms of the thermal annealing temperature and concentration of Er3+ ions and compared with the emissions under a near-ultraviolet (near-UV) excitation. The NCs were synthesized by the combustion method, and the as-synthesized NCs were post-annealed at high temperatures. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the grain sizes and crystallinity degrees of the samples increased with increasing annealing temperatures. The photoluminescence spectra of our samples exhibited strong green and very weak red emissions with the near-UV excitation, originating from the f-f transitions in the Er3+ ions. Interestingly, under near-infrared (near-IR) excitation, we identified sizable visible emissions at 525, 547, and 660 nm in our NCs, which indicated that the UC process successfully occurred in our NCs. These UC emissions were maximized in the NCs with an Er3+ concentration of 0.02 and thermal annealing at 1000 °C. We found that the intensity ratios of red to green emissions increased with increasing annealing temperatures. We discussed the differences in the emissions between near-UV and near-IR excitations.
Product platform architecture for cloud manufacturing
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhou Feng , Liang Peng-Fei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCloud manufacturing is emerging as a new manufacturing paradigm and an integrated technology. To adapt to the increasing challenges of the traditional manufacturing industry transforming toward service-oriented and innovative manufacturing, this paper proposes a product platform architecture based on cloud manufacturing. Firstly, a framework for the product platform for cloud manufacturing was built. The proposed architecture is composed of five layers: resource, cloud technology, cloud service, application, and user layers. Then, several key enabling technologies for forming the product platform were studied. Finally, the product platform for cloud manufacturing built by a company was taken as an application example to illustrate the architecture and functions of the system. The validity and superiority of the architecture were verified.
An efficient melting probe for glacial research
Authors: Heinen Dirk , Linder Peter , Zierke Simon , Wiebusch Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present an electric-thermal drill with a novel design of a melting head that was developed within the EnEx-RANGE project. The design combines a short melting head with a large surface area of parabolic shape. It was succesfully tested in the laboratory as well as on Alpine glaciers (Langenferner and Mittelbergferner) and at the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. In all these different environments, a high melting speed per specific power of typically 8.8 cm3 w−1 h−1 is achieved that is close to the ideal maximum bound of ~10.5–11.8 cm3 w−1 h−1 when neglecting all heat losses. It has also been demonstrated that the melting probe can be operated with typical equipment of small-scale field camps including a small power generator.
Leveraging community engaged research partnerships for crisis and emergency risk communication to vulnerable populations in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wieland Mark L. , Asiedu Gladys B. , Lantz Kiley , Abbenyi Adeline , Njeru Jane W. , Osman Ahmed , Goodson Miriam , Ahmed Yahye , Molina Luz E. , Doubeni Chyke A. , Sia Irene G. ,   for the Rochester Healthy Community Partnership COVID-19 Task Force
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Community engagement is important for reaching vulnerable populations in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A risk communication framework was implemented by a community-engaged research (CEnR) partnership in Southeast Minnesota to address COVID-19 prevention, testing, and socioeconomic impacts. Bidirectional communication between Communication Leaders and community members within their social networks was used by the partnership to refine messages, leverage resources, and advise policy makers. Over 14 days, messages were delivered by 24 Communication Leaders in 6 languages across 9 electronic platforms to 9882 individuals within their networks. CEnR partnerships may effectively implement crisis and emergency risk communication to vulnerable populations in a pandemic.
Current knowledge of COVID-19 and infection prevention and control strategies in healthcare settings: A global analysis
Authors: Islam M. Saiful , Rahman Kazi M. , Sun Yanni , Qureshi Mohammed O. , Abdi Ikram , Chughtai Abrar A. , Seale Holly 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:In the current absence of a vaccine for COVID-19, public health responses aim to break the chain of infection by focusing on the mode of transmission. We reviewed the current evidence on the transmission dynamics and on pathogenic and clinical features of COVID-19 to critically identify any gaps in the current infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines.Methods:In this study, we reviewed global COVID-19 IPC guidelines by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Guidelines from 2 high-income countries (Australia and United Kingdom) and from 1 middle-income country (China) were also reviewed. We searched publications in English on ‘PubMed’ and Google Scholar. We extracted information related to COVID-19 transmission dynamics, clinical presentations, and exposures that may facilitate transmission. We then compared these findings with the recommended IPC measures.Results:Nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings occurs through droplets, aerosols, and the oral–fecal or fecal–droplet route. However, the IPC guidelines fail to cover all transmission modes, and the recommendations also conflict with each other. Most guidelines recommend surgical masks for healthcare providers during routine care and N95 respirators for aerosol-generating procedures. However, recommendations regarding the type of face mask varied, and the CDC recommends cloth masks when surgical masks are unavailable.Conclusion:IPC strategies should consider all the possible routes of transmission and should target all patient care activities involving risk of person-to-person transmission. This review may assist international health agencies in updating their guidelines.
Horseshoe crab trace fossils from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana, USA, and a brief review of the xiphosurid ichnological record
Authors: Shibata Masateru , Varricchio David J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA locality in the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana preserves abundant and variable horseshoe crab tracks and trails of the ichnotaxonKouphichniumisp. These specimens span six morphologies differing in track form and trail configuration. These differences likely reflect variations in track-maker locomotion and behavior, substrate consistency, epichnial versus hypichnial preservation, and undertrack versus true tracks. Several tracks preserve the first clear appendage impressions for an extinct horseshoe crab. This discovery adds new information to the fossil horseshoe crab diversity in the Cretaceous Period. Trackway dimensions, such as the external width across the pusher legs or of the prosomal drag mark, provide information on the track-maker size. Most trackways correspond with crabs 9–14 cm wide; the abundance but limited size range of the traces suggests the large assemblage corresponds to a mating aggregation. The trace fossil record of xiphosurids indicates that throughout their history, horseshoe crabs inhabited both marine and nonmarine settings. They were definitively present in freshwater habitats from the lower Carboniferous through at least the Paleogene. Horseshoe crab trace abundance is highest from the upper Carboniferous through the Jurassic and likely reflects two factors: true upper Carboniferous taxonomic diversity and a preponderance of suitable sites for trackway preservation in the Late Triassic and Jurassic. Cretaceous traces are uncommon, and this Two Medicine locality is the first occurrence of horseshoe crab traces in the Late Cretaceous worldwide. Overall, track abundance and diversity would seem to correspond well with the reported horseshoe crab body fossil record.
Rethinking Civilizational Identity from the Bottom Up: A Case Study of Russia and a Research Agenda
Authors: Hale Henry E. , Laruelle Marlene 
Published: May 2020

Abstract“Civilization” is surely among those concepts that are the most widely used in world political discourse but taken least seriously by contemporary social science. We argue for jettisoning this concept’s Huntingtonian baggage, which has led scholarship into a dead end, and developing a new body of theory on a different foundation, one grounded strongly in recent nonprimordial theories of identity and micro-level research into how ordinary people actually understand the civilizational appeals made by their elites. In what we believe to be the first systematic survey-based study of individual-level civilizational identification, we establish proof-of-concept by asking a question: What influences individuals’ primary identification of their own country with particular civilizational alternatives offered up by their elites? Pooling survey data gathered in Russia from 2013–2014, we confirm that civilizational identity reflects the influence of situational considerations and social construction processes. Whether individuals see Russia as part of purported “European,” “Eurasian,” or “Asian” civilizations depends heavily on gendered and nongendered socialization during the USSR period and factors as contingent as perceived economic performance. Results also confirm our expectation that Huntingtonian concepts fit poorly with real-world patterns of civilizational identification.
Oviposition in the onion fly Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) is socially facilitated by visual cues
Authors: Hoshizaki Sugihiko , Koshikawa Noriaki , Toyoda Takuya , Ishikawa Yukio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOvipositional decisions in herbivorous insects may be affected by social information from conspecifics. Social facilitation of oviposition has been suggested for the onion fly Delia antiqua. In the current study, we found that D. antiqua oviposition was unequal between paired oviposition stations of equal quality and that more eggs were laid on an oviposition station baited with decoy flies than on the control. The increased oviposition toward the decoys continued over time >8 h. When decoys were placed upside down, the number of eggs laid did not differ between the decoy and control sides of oviposition stations, suggesting that social facilitation of oviposition is mediated by visual cues. Based on these findings, mechanisms of social facilitation of oviposition in D. antiqua were discussed.
Nigeria's Income Tax (Transfer Pricing) Regulations 2018: Conceptualizing the Elephant and “Plucking the Goose”
Authors: Aniyie Ifeanyichukwu Azuka , Enabulele Osamuyimen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn 2015, the OECD gave the world a template to address base erosion and profit shifting and ensure that profit is taxed in the jurisdiction of value addition and / or where economic activities take place. The world's jurisdictions then embarked on implementing the template. Examining the legal framework subsequently put in place for the taxation of intangibles in Nigeria, this article argues that the distinct regimes for connected and unconnected persons’ transactions create flaws. It further asserts that these flaws are consequences of the conflict between the policy that underpins the legal framework and other policies in the country. It concludes that the legal framework may not be a “Swiss army knife” (providing Nigeria with all that is needed to combat transfer pricing issues associated with the transfer of intangibles by connected persons), as it creates issues that have undesired consequences for the taxation as well as the economic system.
An Inheritance of Loss: The king's debt, women's wills, and public charity in princely Mysore
Authors: NAIR JANAKI 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn 1845, the banker Damodar Dass of Srirangapatna loaned a large sum of money to Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar III of Mysore. For the next seven decades, until the unpaid debt was turned into public charity, the multiple claims of Damodar Dass's heirs to this inheritance led the colonial state and the Mysore government (especially after 1881) to form a substantial archive. Occupying the foreground of this archive were the legal dilemmas posed by the transition from direct to indirect British rule in Mysore, involving the fate of kingship, debt, reciprocality, and masculine honour. Other legal dilemmas concerned the relationship between scriptural and customary law and, in particular, the portability of customary law between regions that were unevenly exposed to Anglo-Indian legal regimes. The claims also reveal the important ways in which a new moral order was being shaped as the relationship between the colonial regime and the princely state (or later its bureaucracy) was defined and the status of four female heirs was called into question. Additionally, the archive has the potential to disturb the univocality of this statist discourse. A third narrative may be uncovered that involves the ‘small voices of history’. What hopes did this era of profound transformation hold for women of the non-domestic sphere? What, moreover, can the women in these archives be heard to say about the truth of their times?
COVID-19 and Kawasaki syndrome: should we really be surprised?
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Villarreal Enrique , Flores Saul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA hyperinflammatory response to COVID-19 is being described in children. While this presents, and responds to management, similar to that of Kawasaki Disease it is being coined a new entity. But is it really? We explore how this phenomenon may be Kawasaki Disease with a new trigger.
Life on the fence line. Early 20th-century life in Ross Acreage
Authors: Stewart Haeden , Jungkind Kendra , Losey Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite widespread attention to the recent past as an archaeological topic, few archaeologists have attended to the particular social and ecological stakes of one of the most defining material features of contemporary life: the long-term effects of toxic industrial waste. Identifying the present era as the high Capitalocene, this article highlights the contemporary as a period caught between the boom-and-bust cycles of capitalist production and the persistence of industrial waste. Drawing on an archaeological case study from Edmonton, Alberta, we outline how the working-class shanty town community of Ross Acreage (occupied 1900–1950) was formed in relation to the industrial waste that suffused its landscape. Drawing on data from both archaeological excavation and environmental testing, this article argues that the community of Ross Acreage was defined materially by its long-term relationship with industrial waste, what we term a ‘fence-line community’.
Nationalist archaeology and foreign oil exploration in El Tajín, Mexico, 1935–1940
Authors: Holley-Kline Sam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the American Compañía Stanford’s efforts to drill an oil well on the outskirts of the archaeological site of El Tajín, Mexico, during the 1930s. Drawing on recent scholarly efforts to think beyond archaeology and the nation state, this article problematizes the notion of a unitary state behind the concept of nationalist archaeology, the constitution of archaeology and extractive industry as separate spheres, and their apparent mutual exclusivity. Exploring the negotiations between site guards, archaeologists, inspectors, oil company officials and labourers shows that different state actors worked at cross-purposes, and that the nominally separate spheres of nationalist archaeology and foreign oil extraction were in fact characterized by the sharing of infrastructure, equipment, expertise and labour. Consequently, this article advocates for close attention to the administration and management of archaeology in specific historical contexts, demonstrating that it is more reasonable to assume archaeology’s imbrications with the nation state and extractive industries.