bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grouping of genomic markers in populations with family structure
Authors: Wittenburg Dörte , Doschoris Michael , Klosa Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background : Linkage and linkage disequilibrium (LD) between genome regions cause dependencies among genomic markers. Due to family stratification in populations with non-random mating in livestock or crop, the standard measures of population LD such as r 2 may be biased. Grouping of markers according to their interdependence needs to account for the actual population structure in order to allow proper inference in genome-based evaluations. Results : Given a matrix reflecting the strength of association between markers, groups are built successively using a greedy algorithm; largest groups are built at first. As an option, a representative marker is selected for each group. We provide an implementation of the grouping approach as a new function to the R package hscovar. This package enables the calculation of the theoretical covariance between biallelic markers for half- or full-sib families and the calculation of representative markers. In case studies, we have shown that the number of groups comprising dependent markers was smaller and representative SNPs were spread more uniformly over the investigated chromosome region when the family stratification was respected compared to a population-LD approach. In a simulation study, we observed that sensitivity and specificity of a genome-based association study improved if selection of representative markers took family structure into account. Conclusions : Chromosome segments which frequently recombine in the underlying population can be identified from the matrix of pairwise dependence between markers. Representative markers can be exploited, for instance, for dimension reduction prior to a genome-based association study or the grouping structure itself can be employed in a grouped penalization approach.
Trends in burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in countries, regions, and worldwide from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Ou Zejin , Yu Danfeng , Liang Yuanhao , He Wenqiao , Li Yongzhi , Meng Yaxian , Xiong Husheng , Zhang Minyi , He Huan , Gao Yuhan , Wu Fei , Chen Qing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Antituberculosis-drug resistance is an important public health issue, and its epidemiological patterns has dramatically changed in recent decades. This study aimed to estimate the trends of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which can be used to inform health strategies.Methods Data were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the trends of MDR-TB burden at global, regional, and national level from 1990 to 2017.Results Globally, the age-standardized rate (ASR)of MDR-TB burden including incidence, prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) had pronounced increasing trends from 1990 to 1999, with the EAPCs were 17.63(95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.77 to 24.92), 17.57(95%CI: 11.51 to 23.95), 21.21(95%CI:15.96 to 26.69), and 21.90(95%CI: 16.55 to 27.50), respectively. Particularly, the largest increasing trends were seen in areas and countries with low and low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI). However, the trends in incidence, prevalence, death and DALYs of MDR-TB decreased globally from 2000 to 2017, with the respective EAPCs were −1.37(95%CI: −1.62 to −1.12), −1.32(95%CI: −1.38 to −1.26), −3.30(95%CI: −3.56 to −3.04) and −3.32(95%CI: −3.59 to −3.06). Decreasing trends of MDR-TB were observed in most regions and countries, particularly that of death and DALYs in Slovenia were −18.96(95%CI: −20.82 to −17.06) and −19.35 (95%CI: −21.10 to −17.55), respectively. Whereas the pronounced increasing trends of MDR-TB occurred in Papua New Guinea, Singapore, and Australia.Conclusions The ASR of MDR-TB showed pronounced decreasing trends from 2000 to 2017. However, the MDR-TB burden remains a substantial challenge to the TB control globally, and requires effective control strategies and healthcare systems.
Bottom up innovation for health management capacity development: a qualitative case study in a South African health district
Authors: Orgill Marsha , Marchal Bruno , Shung-King Maylene , Sikuza Lwazikazi , Gilson Lucy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background As part of health system strengthening in South Africa (2012- 2017) a new district health manager, taking a bottom-up approach to developing management capacity, developed a suite of innovations to improve the processes and practices of managers and NGO partners in monthly district management team meetings. Understanding capacity as a property of the health system not only of individuals , the research explored mechanisms triggered in context, including the initial sensemaking by the district manager, the subsequent sensegiving and sensemaking in the team and how these homegrown innovations interacted with existing social processes and norms within the system to produce outputs.Methods We conducted a realist evaluation complemented by a case study approach over a two-year period (2013-2015) in the district. The initial programme theory development included ten senior manager interviews and a literature review. To understand processes and mechanisms triggered in local context and identify outputs we conducted fifteen interviews with managers in the management team and with seven non-state actors, supplemented by researcher notes and time spent in the district. Thematic analysis was conducted using the Context-Mechanism-Outcome-Actor configuration alongside theoretical constructs. Results The new district manager drew on systems thinking, tacit and experiential knowledge to design bottom up innovations. Capacity was triggered through micro-practices of sensemaking and sensegiving which included using sticks (positional authority, enforcement of policies, over-coding), intentionally providing justification for change and setting the scene (a new agenda, distributed leadership). These micro practices and managers engaging with the new practices, triggered a generative process of buy-in and motivation which influenced managers and partners to participate in new meeting practices within a routine meeting. Conclusion District managers are well placed to design local capacity development innovations and must draw on systems thinking, tacit and experiential knowledge to enable relevant ‘bottom-up’ capacity development in district health systems. Doing so by drawing on intangible soft skills and tangible policy resources (hardware) of the system to influence motivation and buy-in for improved management practices. From a systems perspective, we argue that capacity development can be conceived of as part of the daily activity of managing within routine spaces.
Incidence and Time-Varying Predictors of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Male Sex Workers in Mexico City
Authors: Ganley Karla , Wilson-Barthes Marta , Zullo Andrew R. , Sosa-Rubí Sandra G. , Conde-Glez Carlos J. , García-Cisneros Santa , Lurie Mark N. , Marshall Brandon D.L. , Operario Don , Mayer Kenneth H. , Galarraga Omar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Male sex workers are at high-risk for acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We quantified incidence rates of STIs and identified their time-varying predictors among male sex workers in Mexico City.Methods: From January 2012 to May 2014, Male sex workers recruited from the largest HIV clinic and community sites in Mexico City were tested for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis, and HIV at baseline, 6-months, and 12-months. Incidence rates with 95% bootstrapped confidence limits were calculated. We examined potential time-varying predictors using generalized estimating equations for a population averaged model. Results: Among 227 male sex workers, median age was 24 and baseline HIV prevalence was 32%. Incidence rates (per 100 person-years) were as follows: HIV [5.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.15–10.31], chlamydia (5.15; 95% CI: 2.58–9.34), gonorrhea (3.93; 95% CI: 1.88–7.83), syphilis (13.04; 95% CI: 8.24–19.94), hepatitis B (2.11; 95% CI: 0.53–4.89), hepatitis C (0.95; 95% CI: 0.00–3.16), any STI except HIV (30.99; 95% CI: 21.73–40.26), and any STI including HIV (50.08; 95% CI: 37.60–62.55). In the multivariable-adjusted model, incident STI (excluding HIV) were lower among those who reported consistently using condoms during anal and vaginal intercourse (odds ratio = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.00–0.68) compared to those who reported inconsistently using condoms during anal and vaginal intercourse. Conclusions: Incidence of STIs is high among male sex workers in Mexico City. Consistent condom use is an important protective factor for STIs, and should be an important component of interventions to prevent incident infections.
Selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia: association with oxidative stress and lipid status biomarkers
Authors: Andrade Itana Gomes Alves , de Souza Fabiola Isabel Suano , Fonseca Fernando Luiz , Lago Carolina Sanchez Aranda , Sarni Roseli Oselka Saccardo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) is a multi-system disorder that may be associated with endocrine changes, oxidative stress in addition to inflammation. Studies suggest that selenium is a trace element related to protection against damage caused by oxidative stress. Objective: To describe the plasma levels of selenium and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in A-T patients and to relate them to oxidative stress and lipid status biomarkers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and contolled study evaluating 22 A-T patients (age median, 12.2 years old) matched by gender and age with 18 healthy controls. We evaluated: nutritional status, food intake, plasma selenium levels, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity, lipid status, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. Results: Adequate levels of selenium were observed in 24/36 (66.7%) in this evaluated population. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in selenium levels [47.6 ug/L (43.2-57.0) vs 54.6 (45.2-62.6) ug/dL, p = 0.242]. Nine/22 (41%) of A-T patients had selenium levels below the reference value. The A-T group presented higher levels of LDL-c, non-HDL-c, oxidized LDL, Apo B, Apo-B/Apo-A-I, LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, malondialdehyde [3.8 µg/L vs 2.8 µg/L, p=0.029] and lower Apo-A-I/HDL-c and glutathione peroxidase activity [7300 U/L vs 8686 U/L, p=0.005]. Selenium levels were influenced, in both groups, independently, only by the concentrations of oxidized LDL, malonaldehyde and non-HDL-c. The oxidized LDL (AUC=0.849) and ALT (AUC=0.854) were the variables that showed the greatest discriminatory power between groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, we observed the presence of selenium below the reference value in nearly 40% and low GPx activity in A-T patients. There was a significant, inverse and independent association between selenium concentrations and oxidative stress biomarkers. Those data reinforce the importance of assessing the nutritional status of selenium in those patients.
Dynamic fingerprint of fractionalized excitations in single-crystalline Cu3Zn(OH)6FBr
Authors: Fu Ying , Lin Miao-Ling , Wang Le , Liu Qiye , Huang Lianglong , Jiang Wenrui , Hao Zhanyan , Liu Cai , Zhang Hu , Shi Xingqiang , Zhang Jun , Dai Junfeng , Yu Da-Peng , Ye Fei , Lee Patrick , Tan Ping-Heng , Mei Jia-Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Beyond the absence of long-range magnetic orders, the most prominent feature of the elusive quantum spin liquid (QSL) state is the existence of fractionalized spin excitations, i.e., spinons. When the system orders, the spin-wave excitation appears as the bound state of the spinon-antispinon pair. Although scarcely reported, a direct comparison between similar compounds illustrates the evolution from spinon to magnon. Here, we perform the Raman scattering on single crystals of two quantum kagome antiferromagnets, of which one is the kagome QSL candidate Cu3Zn(OH)6FBr, and another is an antiferromagnetically ordered compound EuCu3(OH)6Cl3. In Cu3Zn(OH)6FBr, we identify a unique one spinon-antispinon pair component in the E2g magnetic Raman continuum, providing strong evidence for deconfined spinon excitations. In contrast, a sharp magnon peak emerges from the one-pair spinon continuum in the Eg magnetic Raman response once EuCu3(OH)6Cl3 undergoes the antiferromagnetic order transition. From the comparative Raman studies, we can regard the magnon mode as the spinon-antispinon bound state, and the spinon confinement drives the magnetic ordering.
Crustal porosity reveals the bombardment history of the Moon
Authors: Huang Ya Huei , Soderblom Jason , Minton David , Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Melosh Jay 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Planetary bombardment histories provide critical information regarding the formation and evolution of the Solar System and of the planets within it. These records evidence transient instabilities in the Solar System’s orbital evolution, giant impacts such as the Moon-forming impact, and material redistribution. Such records provide insight into planetary evolution, including the deposition of energy, delivery of materials, and crustal processing, specifically the modification of porosity. Bombardment histories are traditionally constrained from the surface expression of impacts — these records, however, are degraded by various geologic processes. Here we show that the Moon’s porosity contains a more complete record of its bombardment history. We find that the terrestrial planets were subject to double the number of ≥20-km-diameter-crater-forming impacts than are recorded on the lunar highlands, fewer than previously thought to have occurred. We show that crustal porosity doesn’t slowly increase as planets evolve, but instead is generated early in a planet’s evolution when most basins formed and decreases as planets evolve. We show that porosity constrains the relative ages of basins formed early in a planet’s evolution, a timeframe for which little information exists. These findings demonstrate that the Solar System was less violent than previously thought. Fewer volatiles and other materials were delivered to the terrestrial planets, consistent with estimates of the delivery of siderophiles and water to the Moon. High crustal porosity early in the terrestrial planets’ evolution slowed their cooling and enhanced their habitability. Several lunar basins formed early than previously considered, casting doubt on the existence of a late heavy bombardment.
Recent Developments in Arylation of N-Nucleophiles via Chan-Lam Reaction: Updates
from 2012 Onwards
Authors: Abedinifar Fahimeh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Rezaei Elham babazadeh , Asadi Mehdi , Larijani Bagher 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
''Chan-Evans-Lam'' (CEL) reaction is the copper-mediated cross-coupling of N-nucleophiles with boronic acids that was independently reported in 1998 by Chan, Evans, and Lam for the first time. This reaction is accom-plished at room temperature with a remarkably wide range of nucleophiles. In the recent decade, it has been particularly attractive as a convenient method for constructing the various C–N bonds in organic synthesis. Therefore, a compre-hensive survey through all reported process was crucial. In this review, we summarized research progress about N-Arylation, based on the type of N-nucleophile involved in this reaction and catalysts from 2012 onwards.
Prediction of Successful Induction of Labor using Ultrasonic Fetal Parameters
Authors: Hassan Wassan Nori Mohammed , Shallal Fatin , Roomi Ali B. 
Published: January 2021

Background:Induction of labor (IOL) is a common obstetrical procedure. Bishop's score was the single predictor element used by practitioners to assess the risk of failure, which led to an increase in cesarean sections (CS). Ultrasound (US) examination was proposed since the variability limitations of Bishop score warranted alternative assessment tools.Objective:This study verifies how the US and other maternal parameters are used in the transperineal approach as an indication and as a predictor of successful induction.Material and methods:A prospective clinical study of 100 participants with term singleton pregnancy referred for IOL and who fit the criteria of this study. Their maternal parameters and fetal head to perineum distance (HPD), measured by the transperineal US, were calculated before the induction. After the induction, the patients were stratified into two groups, which are vaginal delivery (68%) and CS (32%). The estimated time interval to delivery was also recorded.Results:None of the maternal parameters was significant; the P-values of maternal age, parity, body mass index (BMI), gestational age, and weight of the fetus is 0.75, 0.75, 0.69, 0.81, and 0.81, respectively. One-way ANOVA test estimated the most significant factors for inducing labor. Fetal HPD and induction to delivery interval were remarkably significant in both groups <0.0001.Conclusion:The shorter the HPD (<47.65±1.66 mm), the higher the possibility of vaginal delivery and a shorter delivery interval. By contrast, the longer HPD (>52.56±1.93mm), the lower the possibility of vaginal delivery and a longer delivery interval. These promising results may serve as a valuable tool in predicting a mode of delivery.
EVIDÊNCIAS DE AÇÕES DE ENFERMAGEM EM PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE PARA UM ENVELHECIMENTO ATIVO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Freitas Cibelly Aliny Siqueira Lima , Silva Maria Josefina da , Vieira Neiva Francenely Cunha , Ximenes Lorena Barbosa , Brito Maria da Conceição Coelho , Gubert Fabiane Do Amaral 
Published: January 2021

RESUMO:Envelhecimento Ativo é o processo de otimização das oportunidades de saúde com o objetivo de aumentar a qualidade de vida do idoso. Para o enfermeiro, membro da equipe multidisciplinar, promover um cuidado gerontológico específico constitui atividade primordial. O objetivo da revisão integrativa é analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre as ações de Enfermagem em Promoção da Saúde para um Envelhecimento Ativo. Para a seleção dos artigos foram consultadas as bases de dados eletrônicas, Lilacs, Medline, Cochrane, Cinahl e Scopus; e ao total quatro artigos constituíram a amostra. Os materiais analisados apontam a Promoção da Saúde como essencial para o envelhecimento ativo e propõe a existência de uma relação entre cultura e saúde. Ao final, a presente revisão favorece a aquisição de conhecimentos acerca das ações de Enfermagem com ênfase na relação interpessoal entre enfermeiros/idosos, baseada na comunicação e princípios éticos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Enfermagem. Idosos. Promoção da Saúde. ABSTRACT:Active Ageing is the process of optimizing the health opportunities for health, with the aim of increasing the elderly life quality. For the nurse, member of the multidisciplinary team, to promote a specific geriatric care constitute a primordial activity. This integrative review aimed to analyze the literature available evidences about the actions of Nursing Health Promotion for an Active Aging. To the sample selection the databases Lilacs, Medline, Cochrane, Cinahl and Scopus were consulted, and the total of four articles constituted the sample. The studies emphasize that aspects of health promotion for the elderly are essential for active aging and suggest the existence of a relationship between culture and health. The present review aid the knowledge acquisition about the nursing actions emphasizing the interpersonal relationship between the nurse and the elderly, based on communication and ethical principles KEYWORDS: Nursing. Elderly. Health Promotion.
EFEITOS DE OFICINAS DE INCLUSÃO DIGITAL EM ADULTOS TARDIOS: NOVOS CONHECIMENTOS PARA UM ENVELHECIMENTO SAUDÁVEL
Authors: Goulart Denise , Ferreira Anderson Jackie , Mosquera Juan José Mouriño , Stobäus Claus Dieter 
Published: January 2021

O artigo é fruto da discussão entre os autores, a partir da construção da Tese de Doutorado de Ferreira, incluindo também elementos do desenvolvimento do Projeto Potencialidade: Oficinas de Inclusão Digital, que era realizado no Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia da PUCRS, descrito no início do trabalho. Através das falas desses idosos que participaram das oficinas nos Cursos de Extensão e das análises pertinentes embasadas nos autores utilizados, elencamos algumas previsões para os próximos anos acerca do desenvolvimento humano, especialmente na vida adulta tardia/velhice, revelando alguns elementos que podem servir de base para futuros estudos na área.
REFLEXÕES ACERCA DO ESTIGMA DO ENVELHECER NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE
Authors: Teixeira Selena Mesquita de Oliveira , Marinho Fernanda Xavier Santiago , Cintra Junior Dorinaldo De Freitas , Martins José Clerton De Oliveira 
Published: January 2021

O processo de envelhecimento humano possui suas peculiaridades e estabelece uma correspondência direta entre a maneira como as pessoas envelhecem e a representação que uma determinada cultura institui sobre o envelhecer. Com isso, este artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca do estigma de envelhecer na contemporaneidade. Os resultados apontam para a compreensão do processo de “tornar-se idoso” como uma experiência ambígua, na medida em que se percebe a distinção entre o sujeito em envelhecimento e o sujeito envelhescente. O envelhecer apresenta-se acompanhado de uma história de vida, e este é um dos aspectos fundamentais da maneira como o sujeito envelhece. A representação de velhice enraizada na sociedade atual exerce forte influência na qualidade desse processo. Os idosos nas sociedades contemporâneas são, em geral, vistos como problema social, ocasionando o sofrimento psíquico desses sujeitos. Observou-se que a velhice é um construto social, bem como o ser humano em sua essência, ou seja, diversos são os aspectos que influenciam o estilo de vida, os valores e os padrões sociais e, consequentemente, os modos de ser do sujeito e as estruturas psíquicas que o constituem.
OFICINA DE MEMÓRIA COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE INTERVENÇÃO NA SAÚDE MENTAL DE IDOSOS
Authors: Alvarenga Márcia Regina Martins , Cerchiari Ednéia Albino Nunes , Espíndola Ana Cristina Lima , Martins Patricia Cristina Statella 
Published: January 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo relatar a experiência desenvolvida no projeto de extensão “Redescobrindo as funções cognitivas na terceira idade” que, dentre outras atividades, trabalhou com Oficinas de Memórias, tendo como método a Sociopsicomotricidade Ramain-Thiers e passeios turísticos. Os participantes tinham entre 60 e 94 anos, na maioria mulheres, aposentadas, de baixa renda, pouca escolaridade e viúvas. Os depoimentos dos idosos participantes denotam melhora da concentração, atenção e habilidades manuais. Conclui-se que a Sociopsicomotricidade Ramain-Thiers e os passeios turísticos são estratégias adequadas de cuidado à saúde mental do idoso.