bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of a nationwide hands‐on workshop on the diagnostic rates and management of obstetrical anal sphincter Injuries in Israel
Authors: Ginath S. , Alcalay M. , Ben Ami M. , Bssam Abbas Y. , Cohen G. , Condrea A. , Feit H. , Gershi H. , Gold R. , Goldschmidt E. , Gordon D. , Groutz A. , Lavy Y. , Levy G. , Lowenstein L. , Marcus N. , Padoa A. , Samuelof A. , Tevet A. , Weintraub A. Y. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe aim was to evaluate the influence of a half day, hands‐on, workshop on the detection and repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs).MethodStarting in February 2011, hands‐on workshops for the diagnosis and repair of OASIs were delivered by trained urogynaecologists in departments of tertiary medical centres in Israel. The structure of the hands‐on workshop resembles the workshop organized at the International Urogynecological Association annual conferences. Participants included medical staff, midwives and surgical residents from each medical centre. We collected data regarding the rate of OASIs, 1 year before and 1 year following the workshop, in 11 medical centres. The study population was composed of parturients with the following inclusion criteria: singleton pregnancy, vertex presentation and vaginal delivery. Pre‐viable preterm gestations (< 24 weeks), birth weight < 500 g, stillborn, and those with major congenital anomalies, multifoetal pregnancies, breech presentations and caesarean deliveries were excluded from the analysis.ResultsIn the reviewed centres, 70 663 (49.3%) women delivered prior to the workshop (pre‐workshop group) and 72 616 (50.7%) women delivered following the workshop (post‐workshop group). Third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal tears occurred in 248 women (0.35%) before the workshop, and in 328 (0.45%) following the workshop, a significant increase of 28.7% (P = 0.002). The increase in diagnosis was significant also in women with third‐degree tears alone, 226 women (0.32%) before the workshop and 298 (0.41%) following the workshop, an increase of 28.3% (P = 0.005).ConclusionThe detection rate of OASIs has significantly increased following the hands‐on workshop. The implementation of such programmes is crucial for increasing awareness and detection rates of OASI following vaginal deliveries.
Corrosion‐fatigue behaviour of Cr–Mo steel under biaxial tension
Authors: Gaur Vidit , Doquet Véronique , Persent Emmanuel , Roguet Eléonore 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCombined cyclic tension and internal pressure tests with various proportions of each loading were run on a 2.5%Cr–1%Mo steel in air and in 3.5% NaCl solution, with and without cathodic protection to investigate the effect of positive stress biaxiality on corrosion‐fatigue lives and damage mechanisms. At free potential, a strong reduction in fatigue resistance was observed for uniaxial as well as for equibiaxial cyclic tension and attributed to multiple crack initiation from corrosion pits. Cathodic protection completely cancelled the detrimental effect of the corrosive environment on fatigue lives whatever the load biaxiality was, in spite of an obvious enhancement of intergranular fracture attributed to hydrogen embrittlement.
Additive impacts of deoxygenation and acidification threaten marine biota
Authors: Steckbauer Alexandra , Klein Shannon G. , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeoxygenation in coastal and open‐ocean ecosystems rarely exists in isolation but occurs concomitantly with acidification. Here, we first combine meta‐data of experimental assessments from across the globe to investigate the potential interactive impacts of deoxygenation and acidification on a broad range of marine taxa. We then characterize the differing degrees of deoxygenation and acidification tested in our dataset using a ratio between the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide (pO2/pCO2) to assess how biological processes change under an extensive, yet diverse range of pO2 and pCO2 conditions. The dataset comprised 375 experimental comparisons and revealed predominantly additive but variable effects (91.7%, additive; 6.0%, synergistic; and 2.3%, antagonistic) of the dual stressors, yielding negative impacts across almost all responses examined. Our data indicate that the pO2/pCO2‐ratio offers a simplified metric to characterize the extremity of the concurrent stressors and shows that more severe impacts occurred when ratios represented more extreme deoxygenation and acidification conditions. Importantly, our analysis highlights the need to assess the concurrent impacts of deoxygenation and acidification on marine taxa and that assessments considering the impact of O2 depletion alone will likely underestimate the impacts of deoxygenation events and their ecosystem‐wide consequences.
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma during the COVID‐19 outbreak: The Working Group report of JAMTT‐HCC
Authors: Kudo Masatoshi , Kurosaki Masayuki , Ikeda Masafumi , Aikata Hiroshi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Torimura Takuji , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: June 2020

This contingency guide was formulated on the premise that delivering standard treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has come under strain due to the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic. Measures required are likely to vary largely across regions and individual institutions, depending on the level of the strain imposed by the pandemic (e.g., number of inpatients infected with COVID‐19 and the availability of resources, including personal protective equipment and inpatient beds). In addition, models suggest that the second and third waves of COVID‐19 will occur before effective vaccines and medicines become widely available in Japan (expected time, 2–3 years). This guide should serve as a good reference for best practices in the management of HCC, which is in light of the possible risk of impending collapse of the healthcare system due to a surge in COVID‐19 infections.
Preparation of high‐strength lightweight alumina with plant‐derived pore using corn stalk as pore‐forming agent
Authors: Li Xuesong , Li Yuanbing , Li Shujing , Wei Zhipeng , Xiang Ruofei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo improve the mechanical and thermal insulation properties of lightweight alumina, which was prepared by using pore‐forming agent from biological sources, the silica sol‐infiltrated corn stalk was utilized. Spring back and hygroscopicity of corn stalk powder as well as cold compressive strength, thermal conductivity, microstructure, and pore size distribution of lightweight alumina were characterized. The results indicate that impregnation of silica sol leads to different degrees of decrease in spring back height due to achieving better mesh by silica gel between the corn stalk powders, and then improves the formability, although at the same time the large number of hydrophilic groups results in an increase in hygroscopicity. Furthermore, sol impregnated pore‐forming agent optimizes the microstructure of the lightweight alumina pores. Lightweight alumina with a cold compressive strength up to 48.64 MPa was produced, and with the silica sol concentration of 3 wt%, lower thermal conductivity values at all test temperatures were obtained. Hence, the use of corn stalk impregnated with the appropriate concentration of silica sol as pore‐forming agent could enhance the mechanical and thermal insulation properties of lightweight alumina for the spheroidization of pore shape, randomization of pore distribution as well as miniaturization of pore size.
Fabrication of novel silicon carbide‐based nanomaterials with unique hydrophobicity and microwave absorption property
Authors: Zhong Bo , Zhang Jinze , Wang Hanqun , Xia Long , Wang Chunyu , Zhang Xiaodong , Huang Xiaoxiao , Wen Guangwu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNovel SiC‐based nanomaterials, namely the nitrogen and aluminum co‐doped SiC@SiO2 core‐shell nanowires and nitrogen‐doped SiO2/Al2O3 nanoparticles, have been fabricated through a facile thermal treatment process based on the chemical vapor deposition and vapor‐liquid reaction. These nanomaterials show remarkable hydrophobicity with a water contact angle (CA) over 140°, which are aroused by the surface zigzag morphology of the nanostructures and the hydrocarbyl groups generated during the preparation process. Moreover the nanocomposites also exhibit relatively prominent microwave absorption (MA) properties in the frequency range of 2.0‐18.0 GHz. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value as low as −23.68 dB can be observed at 14.16 GHz when the absorber thickness is 2.6 mm with a loading rate of 16.7 wt%. And the nanocomposites‐based absorbent can achieve an effective absorption bandwidth (RL < −10 dB) of 4.48 GHz with the absorbent thickness of 2.5 mm. This enhanced microwave attenuation performance can be attributed to multiple polarizations and perfect impedance matching conditions, as well as multiple internal reflections. These marvelous properties make these N and Al co‐doped SiC@SiO2 core‐shell nanowires and N‐doped SiO2/Al2O3 nanoparticles display extensive application potential as MA materials in harsh environment.
Combined washing effect of noni extract and oregano essential oil on the decontamination of Listeria monocytogenes on romaine lettuce
Authors: Kang Ji‐Hoon , Song Kyung Bin 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCombined washing effect of noni extract (NE) and oregano essential oil (OE) on the decontamination of Listeria monocytogenes on romaine lettuce was examined. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) between NE and three different essential oils (cinnamon leaf, thyme and OE) was determined. Fractional inhibitory concentration index results indicated that OE only had an additive effect (FICI = 1). Noni extract/oregano essential oil combined washing resulted in the greatest reduction in viable cell numbers (3.42 log CFU g−1) relative to non‐washed samples. Furthermore, the combined washing was more effective than sodium hypochlorite washing in terms of reducing the microbial load (>1.44‐log reduction). Washing treatment did not change the surface colour or total phenolic content in lettuce samples. These results suggest that NE/OE combined washing is applicable as a novel decontamination treatment to ensure the microbial safety of romaine lettuce without changing the quality.
Volumetric assessment of tissue changes following combined surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis: A pilot study
Authors: Galarraga‐Vinueza Maria Elisa , Obreja Karina , Magini Ricardo , Sculean Anton , Sader Robert , Schwarz Frank 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo assess volumetric tissue changes at peri‐implantitis sites following combined surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis over a 6‐month follow‐up period.Materials and MethodsTwenty patients (n = 28 implants) diagnosed with peri‐implantitis underwent access flap surgery, implantoplasty at supracrestally or bucally exposed implant surfaces and augmentation at intra‐bony components using a natural bone mineral and application of a native collagen membrane during clinical routine treatments. The peri‐implant region of interest (ROI) was intra‐orally scanned pre‐operatively (S0), and after 1 (S1) and 6 (S2) months following surgical therapy. Digital files were converted to standard tessellation language (STL) format for superimposition and assessment of peri‐implant volumetric variations between time points. The change in thickness was assessed at a standardized ROI, subdivided into three equidistant sections (i.e. marginal, medial and apical). Peri‐implant soft tissue contour area (STCA) (mm2) and its corresponding contraction rates (%) were also assessed.ResultsPeri‐implant tissues revealed a mean thickness change (loss) of −0.11 and −0.28 mm at 1 and 6 months. S0 to S1 volumetric variations pointed to a thickness change of −0.46, 0.08 and 0.4 mm at marginal, medial and apical regions, respectively. S0 to S2 analysis exhibited corresponding thickness changes of −0.61, −0.25 and −0.09 mm, respectively. The thickness differences between the areas were statistically significant at both time periods. The mean peri‐implant STCA totalled to 189.2, 175 and 158.9 mm2at S0, S1 and S2, showing a significant STCA contraction rate of 7.9% from S0 to S1 and of 18.5% from S0 to S2. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between the pre‐operative width of keratinized mucosa (KM) and STCA contraction rate.ConclusionsThe peri‐implant mucosa undergoes considerable volumetric changes after combined surgical therapy. However, tissue contraction appears to be influenced by the width of KM.
3D computer‐aided treatment planning in periodontology: A novel approach for evaluation and visualization of soft tissue thickness
Authors: Kuralt Marko , Gašperšič Rok , Fidler Aleš 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveCurrent approaches for soft tissue thickness evaluation and visualization still represent a challenge for full extent evaluation and visualization. The aim of this clinical technique article is to introduce a novel approach for comprehensive visualization and precise evaluation of oral soft tissue thickness utilizing a fusion of optical 3D and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.Clinical considerations3D models of the maxilla were obtained by CBCT imaging and intraoral scanning. The CBCT images were reconstructed to standard tessellation language (STL) file format models by segmentation of teeth and bone using implants planning software. 3D soft tissues and teeth models were obtained by intraoral scanning and were exported in STL file format as well. 3D multimodal models were then superimposed using best‐fit matching on teeth. Soft tissue thickness was then visualized and evaluated with a 3D color‐coded thickness map of gingival and palatal areas created by surface comparison of both 3D models. Additionally, threshold color‐coding was used to increase comprehensibility. Palatal areas were further visualized and evaluated for the optimal donor site.ConclusionsA novel approach for 3D evaluation and visualization of masticatory mucosa thickness presents all available 3D data in a comprehensible, “clinician‐friendly” manner, using threshold regions and clinically relevant views.Clinical significanceProposed approach could provide comprehensive presurgical treatment planning in periodontal plastic surgery and implantology without additional invasive procedures for the patient, resulting in more predictable treatment, improved outcomes, and reduced risk for complications.
Glutamate synthase 1 is involved in iron‐deficiency response and long‐distance transportation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cui Man , Gu Mengjun , Lu Yaru , Zhang Yue , Chen Chunlin , Ling Hong‐Qing , Wu Huilan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIron is an essential microelement for plant growth. After uptake from the soil, iron is chelated by ligands and translocated from roots to shoots for subsequent utilization. However, the number of ligands involved in iron chelation is unclear. In this study, we identified and demonstrated that GLU1, which encodes a ferredoxin‐dependent glutamate synthase, was involved in iron homeostasis. First, the expression of GLU1 was strongly induced by iron deficiency condition. Second, lesion of GLU1 results in reduced transcription of many iron‐deficiency‐responsive genes in roots and shoots. The mutant plants revealed a decreased iron concentration in the shoots, and displayed severe leaf chlorosis under the condition of Fe limitation, compared to wild‐type. Third, the product of GLU1, glutamate, could chelate iron in vivo and promote iron transportation. Last, we also found that supplementation of glutamate in the medium can alleviate cadmium toxicity in plants. Overall, our results provide evidence that GLU1 is involved in iron homeostasis through affecting glutamate synthesis under iron deficiency conditions in Arabidopsis.
Muscle–tendon arrangement and innervation pattern of the m. flexor digitorum superficialis in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and spider monkey (Ateles sp.)
Authors: Emura Kenji , Hirasaki Eishi , Arakawa Takamitsu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe muscle–tendon arrangement of the m. flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) varies among different primate groups. Recent developmental investigations revealed that the primordium of FDS emerges in the hand region first and relocates to the forearm later. The relationship between the diverse muscle–tendon arrangement and the characteristic developmental process of FDS is important for understanding the evolutionary changes of the FDS. Moreover, the innervation pattern cannot go unremarked when discussing the muscle homology and evolution. We examined the muscle–tendon arrangement and intramuscular nerve distribution of the FDS in three genera of Platyrrhini: three common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), two squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and two spider monkeys (Ateles sp.). We observed that the FDS consisted of multiple muscle bellies. The origin of the muscle bellies to digits II and V varied, whereas muscle bellies to digits III and IV consistently originated from the medial epicondyle. The muscle–tendon arrangement of the FDS differed among the three genera owing to the different origins of muscle bellies to digits II and V. In all the examined specimens, the muscle bellies to digits II and/or III were innervated by the direct nerve branches from the median nerve. However, the muscle bellies to digits IV and V never received direct nerve branches from the median nerve. Nerve branches within the belly to digit III extended into the belly to digit IV, and one nerve branch within the belly to digit IV extended into the belly to digit V. These consistent nerve distribution patterns suggest that different patterns of FDS muscle–tendon arrangement have changed from that of a common ancestral condition. It is plausible that the diverse origins of muscle bellies in the FDS are attributable to the difference in the destination for the relocation of the muscle bellies during developmental processes.
Cranial trepanation and healing process in modern patients—Bioarchaeological and anthropological implications
Authors: Partiot Caroline , Lepetit Aliénor , Dodré Emilie , Jenger Camille , Maureille Bruno , Liguoro Dominique , Thomas Aline 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe diagnosis of cranial trepanation in the archaeological record has always been a big challenge for archaeologists. The identification is first and foremost based on the shape and edges of the opening, and in cases where the individual survived, the shape and edges resulted from both the surgical procedure and the healing process. Because of the lack of reliable data on the osseous remodelling process of the skull, it is difficult to distinguish true trepanations from some pathological or physiological defects called pseudotrepanations. Furthermore, it is challenging to investigate the post‐operative survival time. The purpose of this paper was to summarize observations made on a total of 90 archaeological samples of cranial lesions interpreted as ‘partially’ or ‘completely’ healed trepanations, and compare them with 14 modern case studies. Observations made on monitoring post‐operative scans of modern patients, at varying times after craniotomy, provided a preliminary timetable for the successive post‐surgery bony changes in the skull, and confirmed that the process of osseous remodelling does lead to smooth and rounded edges of the profile of the opening. However, contrary to what has been observed in several archaeological case studies, none of the cases shows a complete closure of the cranial vault. The sharp vertical edges of the opening become bevelled at late stages of healing, which has to be taken into consideration when interpreting the procedures and methods in past population. By bridging bioarchaeology and medical sciences, this study adds to previous discussions on the diagnosis of healed trepanation in the archaeological record, by providing detailed descriptions of morphological changes at various healing stages, that may help archaeologists to identify ancient trepanations more accurately.
Dermatologic management of oncotherapy side effects: A proposed algorithm
Authors: Carlesimo Marta , Pigliacelli Flavia , D’Arino Andrea , Caro Gemma , Fortuna Maria Caterina , Rossi Alfredo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince the introduction of the first chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of oncological disease, hundreds of drugs have been approved for cancer treatment and many more are under investigation. The development of newer drugs such as target therapies, immuno‐oncotherapies, and hormonal therapies has increased in specificity with the development of smaller molecules and more selective targets. Cutaneous side effects are now well known for both standard chemotherapy and targeted therapies. The correct diagnosis and management of these effects are of vital importance both to optimize therapeutic success rates and to reduce the patient's suffering. In fact, the appearance of a cutaneous adverse event can be responsible for a reduction in drug dosage or worse its suspension. In order to achieve this objective, we propose a management algorithm, based on three different steps, before, during, and after the oncological treatments, respectively. Our proposal underlines the importance of correct skin care measures to limit or reduce the severity of side effects.
First trimester placental volume and vascular indices in pregestational diabetic compared to nondiabetic pregnant women
Authors: Elhelaly Amr M. , Elnaggar Ahmed K. , Mohamed Magd El Din M. , Abdelfattah Mahmoud H. , Farag Amr H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimComparing placental volume (PV) and vascular indices in pregestational diabetic and nondiabetic pregnant women at 11 and 13 weeks gestation.MethodsA case–control study conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital in collaboration with Feto‐maternal Unit for Ultrasound Assessment, Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Egypt. Ninety‐two pregnant women divided into two groups: Group A included 46 women with pregestational diabetes mellitus and group B included 46 nondiabetic pregnant women as control. All participants had PV, vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) calculated using three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasonography and 3D power Doppler at 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy.ResultsAt 11 weeks, the mean VI, FI and VFI in diabetic group (17.70 ± 12.62, 40.72 ± 11.03 and 7.77 ± 6.37, respectively) were insignificantly higher than in nondiabetic group (12.14 ± 12.62, 34.59 ± 9.66 and 6.52 ± 14.20, respectively) while mean PV in diabetic group (26.90 ± 14.74) was insignificantly lower than in nondiabetic group (27.53 ± 17.46). Also at 13 weeks, the results were not different as the mean VI, FI and VFI in diabetic group (16.51 ± 9.81, 42.52 ± 7.47 and 8.12 ± 7.55, respectively) were insignificantly higher than in nondiabetic group (16.37 ± 14.17, 40.29 ± 17.52 and 7.08 ± 4.35, respectively), and mean PV in diabetic group (52.04 ± 17.95) was insignificantly lower than in nondiabetic group (54.46 ± 17.85). There was strong positive correlation between HbA1C level and VFI measured at 13 weeks gestation.ConclusionsPlacental indices in early pregnancy do not seem to be useful markers to anticipate placental pathology in pregestational diabetes, however there might be a role for HbA1C level measurement to anticipate such complications.