bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological level analysis of primary lung tumors in dogs and cats and environmental radon activity
Authors: Fowler Brittany L. , Johannes Chad M. , O'Connor Annette , Collins Deanna , Lustgarten Jonathan , Yuan Chaohui , Weishaar Kristen , Sullivan Kelly , Hume Kelly R. , Mahoney Jennifer , Vale Brittany , Schubert Alicia , Ball Valerie , Cooley‐Lock Katie , Curran Kaitlin M. , Nafe Laura , Gedney Allison , Weatherford Megan , LeVine Dana N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiologic studies suggest residential radon exposure might increase the risk of primary lung cancer in people, but these studies are limited by subject mobility. This limitation might be overcome by evaluating the association in pets.HypothesisPrimary pulmonary neoplasia (PPN) rate is higher in dogs and cats residing in counties with a high radon exposure risk (Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] zone 1) compared to zones 2 (moderate radon exposure risk) and 3 (low radon exposure risk).AnimalsSix hundred ninety client‐owned dogs and 205 client‐owned cats with PPN.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records at 10 veterinary colleges identified dogs and cats diagnosed with PPN between 2010 and 2015. Each patient's radon exposure was determined by matching the patient's zip code with published county radon exposure risk. County level PPN rates were calculated using the average annual county cat and dog populations. The PPN counts per 100 000 dog/cat years at risk (PPN rates) were compared across radon zones for each species.ResultsThe PPN rate ratio in counties in high radon zone (1) was approximately 2‐fold higher than in counties in lower radon zones for dogs (rate ratio zone 1 to 2, 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56‐4.00; rate ratio zone 1 to 3, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.46‐3.59) and cats (rate ratio zone 1 to 2, 2.13; 95% CI, 0.95‐4.79; zone 1 to 3, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.9‐3.61).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceExposure to household radon might play a role in development of PPN in dogs and cats.
The dog erythrocyte antigen 1 blood group in nondomesticated canids and compatibility testing between domestic dog and nondomesticated canid blood
Authors: Charpentier Thomas , Petit Thierry , Guidetti Maryline , Goy‐Thollot Isabelle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 blood group is considered as the most immunogenic and clinically important in dogs. Little is known in nondomesticated canids.ObjectivesTo type DEA 1 in nondomesticated captive canids and to evaluate potential interspecific blood transfusions between domestic and nondomestic canids.AnimalsOne hundred forty captive nondomesticated canids belonging to 13 species from 19 French zoos, and 63 domestic dogs.MethodsProspective study. Blood samples were typed for DEA 1 using immunochromatographic and flow cytometric techniques. A neutral gel column test was used for crossmatching.ResultsOf 140 nondomesticated canids, 72.9% were DEA 1+ and 27.1% were DEA 1− using immunochromatographic technique and 74.3% were DEA 1+ and 25.7% were DEA 1− by flow cytometric technique.Crossmatch (XM) between 140 nondomesticated canid red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma from a previously DEA 1+ sensitized DEA 1− dog revealed 112 incompatibilities (80%). Crossmatches between 130 nondomesticated canid serum and 1 or up to 8 donor dogs' RBCs revealed 99 of 130 (76%) compatibilities. Crossmatches between 115 nondomesticated canid RBCs and donor dogs' serum revealed 59 of 115 (51%) compatibilities.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDog erythrocyte antigen 1 blood type is present in nondomesticated canids with variable prevalence depending on species. The majority of tested nondomesticated canids appear to have no naturally occurring alloantibodies against domestic dogs' RBCs. Therefore xenotransfusion of blood from domestic dogs can be considered when species specific blood is not available. Cross matching is essential before xenotransfusion.
Acid‐base disorders in sick goats and their association with mortality: A simplified strong ion difference approach
Authors: Gomez Diego E. , Bedford Sofia , Darby Shannon , Palmisano Megan , MacKay Robert J. , Renaud David L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the acid‐base status of sick goats using the simplified strong ion difference (sSID) approach, to establish the quantitative contribution ofsSID variables to changes in blood pH and HCO3−and to determine whether clinical, acid‐base, and biochemical variables on admission are associated with the mortality of sick goats.AnimalsOne hundred forty‐three sick goats.MethodsRetrospective study. CalculatedsSID variables included SID using 6 electrolytes unmeasured strong ions (USI) and the total nonvolatile buffer ion concentration in plasma (Atot). The relationship between measured blood pH and HCO3−, and thesSID variables was examined using forward stepwise linear regression. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to assess associations between potential predictor variables and mortality of goats during hospitalization.ResultsHypocapnia, hypokalemia, hyperchloremia, hyperlactatemia, and hyperproteinemia were common abnormalities identified in sick goats. Respiratory alkalosis, strong ion acidosis, and Atotacidosis were acid‐base disorders frequently encountered in sick goats. In sick goats, thesSID variables explained 97% and 100% of the changes in blood pH and HCO3−, respectively. The results indicated that changes in the respiratory rate (<16 respirations per minute), USI, and pH at admission were associated with increased hazard of hospital mortality in sick goats.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThesSID approach is a useful methodology to quantify acid‐base disorders in goats and to determine the mechanisms of their development. Clinicians should consider calculation of USI in sick goats as part of the battery of information required to establish prognosis.
Intention mutability and translation of rural intention into actual rural medical practice
Authors: Playford Denese , Ngo Hanh , Puddey Ian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRural intention and experience during medical school have been related to subsequent rural work. However, their relative contributions and the timing of their effects are not known. These data are critical to effective educational interventions able to improve rural medical workforce numbers, an international priority.MethodsParticipants were graduates of an Australian MBBS degree between 2006 and 2016, who completed both entry and exit surveys approved by the Medical Deans of Australia, including workplace intention data. Rural/urban workplace intention changes from entry to exit were analysed using multinomial logistic regression. Binary logistic regression was used to assess actual rural versus urban work, obtained from a public practitioner registration website.ResultsOf 547 eligible undergraduates, 169 completed a year‐long rural clinical school (RCS). A subset of 93 of the 547 graduates practiced rurally, of whom 42 had completed RCS. Both rural background and RCS predicted rural practice intention; both were also significantly related to actual rural work. Enduring rural intention was associated with nearly sevenfold odds of actually practicing rurally, compared with an enduring urban intention. Those who changed practice intention from entry to exit were more likely to practice in the region of their exit intention. Of special note: Rural Clinical School of Western Australia (RCSWA) exposure particularly affects urban origin students such that the odds of changing from an urban to a rural orientation immediately after their rural experience were more than fourfold higher than those not so participating.DiscussionBoth intention and RCSWA experience are associated with subsequent rural work. The impacts of RCSWA were able to be localised after the rural educational experience. Amongst those with mutable intention, exit intention was that most strongly related to actual work, suggesting this as the most reliable point to select for further rural training.
Hemeprotein Tpx1 interacts with cell‐surface heme transporter Str3 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Normant Vincent , Brault Ariane , Avino Mariano , Mourer Thierry , Vahsen Tobias , Beaudoin Jude , Labbé Simon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStr3 is a transmembrane protein that mediates low‐affinity heme uptake in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Under iron‐limiting conditions, Str3 remains at the cell surface in the presence of increasing hemin concentrations. Using a proximity‐dependent biotinylation approach coupled to mass spectrometry and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we report that the peroxiredoxin Tpx1 is a binding partner of Str3. Under microaerobic conditions, cells deficient in heme biosynthesis and lacking the heme receptor Shu1 exhibit poor hemin‐dependent growth in the absence of Tpx1. Analysis of membrane protein preparations from iron‐starved hem1Δ shu1Δ str3Δ tpx1Δ cells coexpressing Str3‐GFP and TAP‐Tpx1 showed that TAP‐Tpx1 is enriched in membrane protein fractions in response to hemin. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays brought additional evidence that an interaction between Tpx1 and Str3 occurs at the plasma membrane. Results showed that Tpx1 exhibits an equilibrium constant value of 0.26 μM for hemin. The association of Tpx1 with hemin protects hemin from degradation by H2O2. The peroxidase activity of hemin is lowered when it is bound to Tpx1. Taken together, these results revealed that Tpx1 is a novel interacting partner of Str3. Our data are the first example of an interaction between a cytoplasmic heme‐binding protein and a cell‐surface heme transporter.
Epidemiology of invasive fungal disease in haematologic patients
Authors: Souza Luciana , Nouér Simone A. , Morales Hugo , Simões Belinda , Solza Cristiana , Queiroz‐Telles Flavio , Nucci Marcio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInvasive fungal disease (IFD) is frequent in patients with haematologic malignancies and in recipients of haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). An epidemiologic study conducted in Brazil reported a high incidence of IFD in haematologic patients, and invasive fusariosis was the leading IFD. A limitation of that study was that galactomannan was not available for at least half of the study period. In order to characterise the epidemiology and burden of IFD in three cohorts, HCT, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplasia (MDS), and acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL), we conducted a prospective multicentre cohort study in four haematologic Brazilian centres. From August 2015 to July 2016, all patients receiving induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed or relapsed AML, MDS or ALL, and all HCT recipients receiving conditioning regimen were followed during the period of neutropenia following chemotherapy or the conditioning regimen. During a 1‐year period, 192 patients were enrolled: 122 HCT recipients (71 allogeneic, 51 autologous), 46 with AML, and 24 with ALL. The global incidence of IFD was 13.0% (25 cases, 11 proven and 14 probable). Invasive aspergillosis (14 cases) was the leading IFD, followed by candidemia (6 cases) and fusariosis (3 cases). The incidence of IFD was 26.1% in AML/MDS, 16.7% in ALL, 11.3% in allogeneic HCT, and 2.0% in autologous HCT. The burden of IFD in haematologic patients in Brazil is high, with a higher frequency in AML and ALL. Invasive aspergillosis is the leading IFD, followed by invasive candidiasis and fusariosis.
Multicentre derivation and validation of a prognostic scoring system for mortality assessment in HIV‐infected patients with talaromycosis
Authors: Qin Yuanyuan , Zhou Yihong , Lu Yanqiu , Chen Hui , Jiang Zhongsheng , He Kaiyin , Tian Qun , Qin Yingmei , Rao Man , Harypursat Vijay , Li Huan , Chen Yaokai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the widespread use of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the incidence of talaromycosis in people living with HIV, mortality remains as high as 20% in this population, even after appropriate antifungal treatment.ObjectivesThe objective of our study was to develop a risk assessment system for HIV‐infected patients with comorbid talaromycosis, in order to provide these patients with appropriate, effective and potentially life‐saving interventions at an early stage of their illness.Patients/MethodsThis was a multicentre, retrospective cohort study conducted in China. We built a predictive model based on data from 11 hospitals, and a validated model using the data of 1 hospital located in an endemic area.ResultsForward stepwise multivariate statistical calculations indicated that age, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine transaminase ratio and albumin levels, and BUN levels were valid, independent predictors of the risk of death in HIV‐infected patients with talaromycosis. Our developed and validated risk scoring system is effective for the identification of HIV‐infected patients with talaromycosis at high risk of death at hospital admission (p < .001; AUC = 0.860). In our study, our risk prediction model provided functional and robust discrimination in the validation cohort (p < .001; AUC = 0.793).ConclusionThe prognostic scoring system for mortality assessment developed in the present study is an easy‐to‐use clinical tool designed to accurately assist clinicians in identifying high‐risk patients with talaromycosis.
Mechanisms and management of gastrointestinal symptoms in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Tu Yixi , Abell Thomas L. , Raj Satish R. , Mar Philip L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a disorder of orthostatic intolerance associated with many GI manifestations that can be broadly classified into two different categories: those present all the time (non‐positional) and those that occur with orthostatic position change. There are also many conditions that can co‐exist with POTS such as mast cell activation syndrome and the hypermobile form of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (hEDS) that are also oftentimes associated with GI symptoms. In the current issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Tai et al. explored the relationship between functional GI disorders among hEDS patients with and without concomitant POTS and showed that the hEDS‐POTS cohort was more likely to have more than one GI organ involved compared to the cohort with hEDS alone, and certain GI symptoms were also more common in the hEDS‐POTS cohort. In this review article, we will briefly review the literature surrounding putative mechanisms responsible for GI symptoms in POTS with an emphasis on the contributory role of concomitant hEDS and then discuss management strategies for GI symptoms in POTS.
Perioperative anaphylaxis in children: A report from the Wake‐Up Safe collaborative
Authors: Wakimoto Mayuko , Miller Rebecca , Kim Stephani S. , Uffman Joshua C. , NafiuS Olubukola O. , Tobias Joseph D. , Beltran Ralph J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnaphylactic reactions to antigens in the perioperative environment are uncommon, but they have a potential to lead to serious morbidity and/or mortality. The incidence of anaphylactic reactions is 1:37 000 pediatric anesthetics, and substantially less than the 1:10 000 to 1:20 000 incidence in the adult population. Neuromuscular blocking agents, latex, and antibiotics are the most frequently cited triggers. To date, there is no comprehensive report on perioperative anaphylactic reactions in children in the United States. Using the Wake‐up Safe database, we examined the incidence and consequences of reported perioperative anaphylaxis events.MethodsWe reviewed the Wake‐up Safe database from 2010 to 2017 and identified all reported instances of anaphylaxis. The triggering agent, timing, and location of the registered event, severity of patient harm, and preventability were identified. Narrative review of free‐text comments entered by reporting centers was performed to determine presenting symptoms, and interventions required. Type of case was identified from procedure codes provided in mandatory fields.ResultsAmong 2 261 749 cases reported to the Wake‐up Safe database during the study period, perioperative anaphylactic reactions occurred in 1:36 479 (0.003%). Antibiotics, neuromuscular blocking agents, and opioid analgesics were the main triggers. Forty‐nine cases (79%) occurred in the operating room, and 13 cases (21%) occurred in off‐site locations. Seven (11%) patients required cardiopulmonary resuscitation following the onset of symptoms. Thirty‐five (57%) patients were treated with epinephrine or epinephrine plus other medications, whereas 5% were managed only with phenylephrine. Most cases (97%) required escalation of care after the event. Regarding case preventability, 91% of cases were marked as either “likely could not have been prevented” or “almost certainly could not have been prevented.”ConclusionThe estimated incidence of anaphylaxis and inciting agents among the pediatric population in this study were consistent with the most recent published studies outside of the United States; however, new findings included need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 11% of cases, and estimated fatality of 1.6%. The management of perioperative anaphylaxis could be improved for some cases as epinephrine was not administered, or its administration was delayed. Fewer than half of reported cases had additional investigation to formally identify the responsible agent.
Chinese characters are read using not only visual but also writing motor information
Authors: Yin Yulong , Zhang Qingfang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt has been suggested that mature reading systems consist of both a visual analysis decoding system and a motor gesture decoding system that facilitates reading by processing writing motor information. However, there is still uncertainty about the mechanisms and effectiveness of the latter system when reading Chinese characters. This study therefore aimed to provide empirical neural evidence for this phenomenon using a writing video as prompt in a delayed sequential same/different judgment task. We investigated whether and how the orthographic processing of target characters was modulated by the writing direction of the prompt (forward vs. backward) and the character repetition (repeat vs. nonrepeat) between the prompt and target characters. The results indicated that (a) the N170 component was more negative under the forward condition than under the backward condition; and (b) both writing direction and character repetition modulated the centro‐parietal N200 component. These writing‐direction effects were specific to Chinese characters––they did not apply to Korean characters, which are visually similar to Chinese characters but unfamiliar to the participants. These results suggest that the experience of learning Chinese might establish a motor gesture decoding system for reading, which begins to perform general orthographic representation at an early stage and works together with the visual analysis decoding system to achieve deep orthographic processing.
Load‐dependent modulation of alpha oscillations during working memory encoding and retention in young and older adults
Authors: Sghirripa Sabrina , Graetz Lynton , Merkin Ashley , Rogasch Nigel C. , Semmler John G. , Goldsworthy Mitchell R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWorking memory (WM) is vulnerable to age‐related decline, particularly under high loads. Visual alpha oscillations contribute to WM performance in younger adults, and although alpha decreases in power and frequency with age, it is unclear if alpha activity supports WM in older adults. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) while 24 younger (aged 18–35 years) and 30 older (aged 50–86) adults performed a modified Sternberg task with varying load conditions. Older adults demonstrated slower reaction times at all loads, but there were no significant age differences in WM capacity. Regardless of age, alpha power decreased and alpha frequency increased with load during encoding, and the magnitude of alpha suppression during retention was larger at higher loads. While alpha power during retention was lower than fixation in older, but not younger adults, the relative change from fixation was not significantly different between age groups. Individual differences in alpha power did not predict performance for either age groups or at any WM loads. We demonstrate that alpha power and frequency are modulated in a similar task‐ and load‐dependent manner during WM in both older and younger adults when WM performance is comparable across age groups.Impact statementAging is associated with a marked decrease in the power and frequency of alpha oscillations. Here, we demonstrate that when verbal working memory performance is matched across age groups, alpha power and frequency are modulated in a similar task‐ and load‐dependent manner in both young and older adults.
Particle‐scale characterization of volcaniclastic dust sources within Iceland
Authors: Richards‐Thomas Tamar , McKenna‐Neuman Cheryl , Power Ian M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVolcaniclastic dust particles are characterized by unique physical properties, which are speculated to influence their rates of entrainment, emission and deposition within the atmospheric boundary layer. Few detailed particle‐scale measurements exist, so that natural particles often are idealized as solid glass spheres in the parameterization of dust dispersion models. This study shows that volcaniclastic dust particles from Iceland contain substantial quantities of amorphous glass, large internal voids and copious dustcoats comprised of nano‐scale flakes. Their high porosity, found to increase with particle diameter, generates particle densities that can be substantially lower than expected for a solid sphere. An abundance of volcanic glass also seems to increase particle porosity and roughness, and thereby strongly correlates with the Brunauer Emmett Teller surface area. An analysis based on Stokes' law further suggests that Icelandic dust with a standardized geometric diameter (10 μm or PM10), but with varying density, shape and origin, may have settling velocities in still air that are up to 20% lower than for a reference glass sphere. As a first approximation, neglecting complex particle interactions and wind speed, which also affect the deposition rate in the atmosphere, their low density and large surface area could increase the expected residence time by a factor of five. Model parameterization should be refined to incorporate these particle‐scale factors in order to improve on the estimation of volcaniclastic dust dispersion.
Women’s Inclusion in the Malian Peace Negotiations: Norms and Practices
Authors: Lorentzen Jenny 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article studies the implementation of the global norm of women’s inclusion in the Malian peace negotiations. It constructs a theoretical framework for analyzing practices of resistance, which object to the validity of the norm, and practices of refinement, which engage with the application of the norm. Based on interviews with women who attended the Malian peace negotiations it finds that women face widespread practices of resistance when they demand to be included. However, when pressure is applied concessions often follow, indicating growing acceptance of the norm. Actors also engaged in practices of refinement, observed through a number of disagreements over how, when and which women should be included. The article contributes important insights on the relationship between norms and practices by demonstrating not only that norms influence practice, but how practices of resistance and refinement shape the meanings and life cycles of norms.