bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting Anomaly and Its Sources in Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Yahaya Salisu Wada , Lotfi Ahmad , Mahmud Mufti 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo support the independent living and improve the quality of life for the increasing ageing population, system for monitoring their daily routine and detecting anomalies in the routine is required. Existing anomaly detection systems are unable to identify the sources of the abnormalities, thereby hindering the development of adaptive monitoring systems with reduced false prediction rate. In this paper, an approach for identifying the sources of abnormalities in human activities of daily living is proposed. Anomalies are detected by modelling the existing activity data representing the usual behavioural routine of an individual to serve as a baseline model. Subsequent activities deviating from the baseline are then classified as outliers or anomalies. An ensemble of one-class support vector machine, isolation forest, robust covariance estimator and local outlier factor is utilised for the anomaly detection achieving an accuracy of$$98\%$$98%. The proposed approach for identifying anomaly sources is based on the concept of similarity measure using distance functions. Two methods for measuring the pairwise distance of the features of the activity data termed as one vs one similarity measure and one vs all similarity measure are proposed. Experimental evaluation of the proposed approach on activities of daily living datasets has shown the credibility of the proposed approach for utilisation in an in-home monitoring system.
Effective Data Sharing as a Conduit for Advancing Medical Product Development
Authors: Karpen Stephen R. , White J. Kael , Mullin Ariana P. , O’Doherty Inish , Hudson Lynn D. , Romero Klaus , Sivakumaran Sudhir , Stephenson Diane , Turner Emily C. , Larkindale Jane 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Patient-level data sharing has the potential to significantly impact the lives of patients by optimizing and improving the medical product development process. In the product development setting, successful data sharing is defined as data sharing that is actionable and facilitates decision making during the development and review of medical products. This often occurs through the creation of new product development tools or methodologies, such as novel clinical trial design and enrichment strategies, predictive pre-clinical and clinical models, clinical trial simulation tools, biomarkers, and clinical outcomes assessments, and more.

Methods
To be successful, extensive partnerships must be established between all relevant stakeholders, including industry, academia, research institutes and societies, patient-advocacy groups, and governmental agencies, and a neutral third-party convening organization that can provide a pre-competitive space for data sharing to occur.

Conclusions
Data sharing focused on identified regulatory deliverables that improve the medical product development process encounters significant challenges that are not seen with data sharing aimed at advancing clinical decision making and requires the commitment of all stakeholders. Regulatory data sharing challenges and solutions, as well as multiple examples of previous successful data sharing initiatives are presented and discussed in the context of medical product development.
ELETTORI INDECISI, ELETTORI FLUTTUANTI: CHE
VOLTO HANNO I «BILANCIERI» DEL VOTO? I CASI
ITALIANO E FRANCESE
Authors: Barisione Mauro 
Published: January 2021

Introduzione
In un sistema d'alternanza, un tipico
esito elettorale è quello in virtù del quale il
partito o la coalizione vincente accede alle
funzioni di governo grazie ad un margine di voti
esiguo, sufficiente tuttavia a fare la differenza
rispetto alla coalizione avversaria e, magari,
rispetto al proprio risultato delle elezioni
precedenti. Se, tuttavia, i punti percentuali che
una coalizione acquista (o perde) da un'elezione
all'altra sono attribuibili a una pluralità di
fattori (dal ricambio generazionale degli
elettori, alla multidirezionalità dei flussi di
voto, al peso di volta in volta variabile
dell'astensionismo) più complessi di quelli
rilevabili con una semplice operazione algebrica
(del tipo: «35% all'elezione e, 40% all'elezione
e2, uguale 5% di nuovi
elettori»), resta però assai plausibile che le
differenze percentuali tra una coalizione e
l'altra ad un dato scrutinio possano essere
determinate dal comportamento di una minoranza di
elettori «marginali». E ciò è tanto più plausibile
quanto più decisivi si rivelano quei seggi
aggiudicati alla coalizione vincente, collegio per
collegio, sulla base di pochi voti di scarto,
sovente frutto di scelte effettuate da elettori
rimasti indecisi fino all'ultimo momento.
LE ELEZIONI DEL 2001 E LA «MOBILITAZIONE DRAMMATIZZANTE»
Authors: Mannheimer Renato 
Published: January 2021

Introduzione
Le elezioni politiche del 2001 sono state caratterizzate dalla presenza
di un fenomeno che pare segnare una cesura rispetto alle consultazioni
precedenti, e può aver avuto anche una certa importanza, sia pure con
modalità differenziate, nel contribuire a formare il risultato. Lo
denomineremo provvisoriamente «mobilitazione drammatizzante» pro o contro
Berlusconi. Quest'ultima è in buona misura legata al modo in cui si è
manifestata e sviluppata la comunicazione pre-elettorale e si è di
conseguenza formato il «clima» che ha caratterizzato il periodo precedente
il voto.
L'ORIZZONTE DELLA COOPERAZIONE. LA CONTROVERSIA SUI VANTAGGI RELATIVI NELLE RELAZIONI INTERNAZIONALI
Authors: Andreatta Filippo , Koenig-Archibugi Mathias 
Published: January 2021

IntroduzioneGli studiosi di politica internazionale evocano spesso l'immagine dello «Stato di natura» per descrivere sinteticamente i rapporti tra gli Statio Per i pili pessimisti, descrivere i rapporti internazionali in questo modo equivale a postulare uno stato di guerra permanente, attuale o potenziale. Thomas Hobbes, che pose l'idea dello stato di natura tra le basi della sua dottrina dell' autorita politica, riconosceva che esso probabilmente non era altro che un'utile costruzione euristica se riferito ai rapporti tra singoli individui, rna ne difendeva il carattere di descrizione realistica se applicato ai rapporti tra i sovrani del suo tempo e non solo. Per Hobbes, anche se «non vi e mai stata un'epoca nella quale ogni uomo era in guerra contro un altro uomo», i re e gli altri sovrani, a causa della loro indipendenza, permanentemente «si trovano nella posizione di gladiatori, con Ie armi puntate, con i loro forti, Ie loro guarnigioni ed i loro fucili alle frontiere: la quale e una posizione guerresca» (Hobbes [1651] 1911, XIII, 103).
L'EREDITà DI HERBERT SIMON: TRA PSICOLOGIA COGNITIVA E SCIENZA POLITICA
Authors: Campus Donatella 
Published: January 2021

IntroduzioneDi Herbert Simon, scomparso nel febbraio scorso all'età di ottantaquattro anni, si può certamente dire che ha lasciato un segno tangibile in tutte le discipline di cui si è occupato nel corso della sua lunga e particolarmente versatile carriera scientifica. Anzi, seguendo l'esempio di Goodin (1999, 60), si dovrebbe forse parlare di diverse carriere parallele, di volta in volta teorico delle organizzazioni e scienziato politico, psicologo cognitivo, metodologo e filosofo della scienza, economista e studioso di intelligenza artificiale. Lo scopo di questa nota è, in particolare, esaminare il contributo di Simon a quella che egli stesso ha definito la sua «tribù di appartenenza», cioè la scienza politica. Più precisamente, il mio proposito è, da un lato, quello di analizzare l'apporto innovativo dato da Simon allo sviluppo della scienza politica; dall'altro, quello di ricostruire come le sue idee siano state recepite e sviluppate all'interno dei vari ambiti disciplinari.
Homer1 promotes dendritic spine growth through ankyrin-G and its loss reshapes the synaptic proteome
Authors: Yoon Sehyoun , Piguel Nicolas H. , Khalatyan Natalia , Dionisio Leonardo E. , Savas Jeffrey N. , Penzes Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHomer1 is a synaptic scaffold protein that regulates glutamatergic synapses and spine morphogenesis. HOMER1 knockout (KO) mice show behavioral abnormalities related to psychiatric disorders, and HOMER1 has been associated with psychiatric disorders such as addiction, autism disorder (ASD), schizophrenia (SZ), and depression. However, the mechanisms by which it promotes spine stability and its global function in maintaining the synaptic proteome has not yet been fully investigated. Here, we used computational approaches to identify global functions for proteins containing the Homer1-interacting PPXXF motif within the postsynaptic compartment. Ankyrin-G was one of the most topologically important nodes in the postsynaptic peripheral membrane subnetwork, and we show that one of the PPXXF motifs, present in the postsynaptically-enriched 190 kDa isoform of ankyrin-G (ankyrin-G 190), is recognized by the EVH1 domain of Homer1. We use proximity ligation combined with super-resolution microscopy to map the interaction of ankyrin-G and Homer1 to distinct nanodomains within the spine head and correlate them with spine head size. This interaction motif is critical for ankyrin-G 190’s ability to increase spine head size, and for the maintenance of a stable ankyrin-G pool in spines. Intriguingly, lack of Homer1 significantly upregulated the abundance of ankyrin-G, but downregulated Shank3 in cortical crude plasma membrane fractions. In addition, proteomic analysis of the cortex in HOMER1 KO and wild-type (WT) mice revealed a global reshaping of the postsynaptic proteome, surprisingly characterized by extensive upregulation of synaptic proteins. Taken together, we show that Homer1 and its protein interaction motif have broad global functions within synaptic protein-protein interaction networks. Enrichment of disease risk factors within these networks has important implications for neurodevelopmental disorders including bipolar disorder, ASD, and SZ.
Robust and efficient hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds catalysed by mixed donor Mn(I) pincer complexes
Authors: Yang Wenjun , Chernyshov Ivan Yu. , van Schendel Robin K. A. , Weber Manuela , Müller Christian , Filonenko Georgy A. , Pidko Evgeny A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAny catalyst should be efficient and stable to be implemented in practice. This requirement is particularly valid for manganese hydrogenation catalysts. While representing a more sustainable alternative to conventional noble metal-based systems, manganese hydrogenation catalysts are prone to degrade under catalytic conditions once operation temperatures are high. Herein, we report a highly efficient Mn(I)-CNP pre-catalyst which gives rise to the excellent productivity (TOF° up to 41 000 h−1) and stability (TON up to 200 000) in hydrogenation catalysis. This system enables near-quantitative hydrogenation of ketones, imines, aldehydes and formate esters at the catalyst loadings as low as 5–200 p.p.m. Our analysis points to the crucial role of the catalyst activation step for the catalytic performance and stability of the system. While conventional activation employing alkoxide bases can ultimately provide catalytically competent species under hydrogen atmosphere, activation of Mn(I) pre-catalyst with hydride donor promoters, e.g. KHBEt3, dramatically improves catalytic performance of the system and eliminates induction times associated with slow catalyst activation.
A framework to predict the price of energy for the end-users with applications to monetary and energy policies
Authors: Baratsas Stefanos G. , Niziolek Alexander M. , Onel Onur , Matthews Logan R. , Floudas Christodoulos A. , Hallermann Detlef R. , Sorescu Sorin M. , Pistikopoulos Efstratios N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnergy affects every single individual and entity in the world. Therefore, it is crucial to precisely quantify the “price of energy” and study how it evolves through time, through major political and social events, and through changes in energy and monetary policies. Here, we develop a predictive framework, an index to calculate the average price of energy in the United States. The complex energy landscape is thoroughly analysed to accurately determine the two key factors of this framework: the total demand of the energy products directed to the end-use sectors, and the corresponding price of each product. A rolling horizon predictive methodology is introduced to estimate future energy demands, with excellent predictive capability, shown over a period of 174 months. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated by addressing two policy questions of significant public interest.
A tied Fermi liquid to Luttinger liquid model for nonlinear transport in conducting polymers
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Niu Jiebin , Shao Bin , Yang Guanhua , Lu Congyan , Li Mengmeng , Zhou Zheng , Chuai Xichen , Chen Jiezhi , Lu Nianduan , Huang Bing , Wang Yeliang , Li Ling , Liu Ming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrganic conjugated polymers demonstrate great potential in transistors, solar cells and light-emitting diodes, whose performances are fundamentally governed by charge transport. However, the morphology–property relationships and the underpinning charge transport mechanisms remain unclear. Particularly, whether the nonlinear charge transport in conducting polymers is appropriately formulated within non-Fermi liquids is not clear. In this work, via varying crystalline degrees of samples, we carry out systematic investigations on the charge transport nonlinearity in conducting polymers. Possible charge carriers’ dimensionality is discussed when varying the molecular chain’s crystalline orders. A heterogeneous-resistive-network (HRN) model is proposed based on the tied-link between Fermi liquids (FL) and Luttinger liquids (LL), related to the high-ordered crystalline zones and weak-coupled amorphous regions, respectively. The HRN model is supported by precise electrical and microstructural characterizations, together with theoretic evaluations, which well describes the nonlinear transport behaviors and provides new insights into the microstructure-correlated charge transport in organic solids.
Direct printing of functional 3D objects using polymerization-induced phase separation
Authors: Deore Bhavana , Sampson Kathleen L. , Lacelle Thomas , Kredentser Nathan , Lefebvre Jacques , Young Luke Steven , Hyland Joseph , Amaya Rony E. , Tanha Jamshid , Malenfant Patrick R. L. , de Haan Hendrick W. , Paquet Chantal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract3D printing has enabled materials, geometries and functional properties to be combined in unique ways otherwise unattainable via traditional manufacturing techniques, yet its adoption as a mainstream manufacturing platform for functional objects is hindered by the physical challenges in printing multiple materials. Vat polymerization offers a polymer chemistry-based approach to generating smart objects, in which phase separation is used to control the spatial positioning of materials and thus at once, achieve desirable morphological and functional properties of final 3D printed objects. This study demonstrates how the spatial distribution of different material phases can be modulated by controlling the kinetics of gelation, cross-linking density and material diffusivity through the judicious selection of photoresin components. A continuum of morphologies, ranging from functional coatings, gradients and composites are generated, enabling the fabrication of 3D piezoresistive sensors, 5G antennas and antimicrobial objects and thus illustrating a promising way forward in the integration of dissimilar materials in 3D printing of smart or functional parts.
Steroid hormones sulfatase inactivation extends lifespan and ameliorates age-related diseases
Authors: Pérez-Jiménez Mercedes M. , Monje-Moreno José M. , Brokate-Llanos Ana María , Venegas-Calerón Mónica , Sánchez-García Alicia , Sansigre Paula , Valladares Amador , Esteban-García Sara , Suárez-Pereira Irene , Vitorica Javier , Ríos José Julián , Artal-Sanz Marta , Carrión Ángel M. , Muñoz Manuel J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAging and fertility are two interconnected processes. From invertebrates to mammals, absence of the germline increases longevity. Here we show that loss of function of sul-2, the Caenorhabditis elegans steroid sulfatase (STS), raises the pool of sulfated steroid hormones, increases longevity and ameliorates protein aggregation diseases. This increased longevity requires factors involved in germline-mediated longevity (daf-16, daf-12, kri-1, tcer-1 and daf-36 genes) although sul-2 mutations do not affect fertility. Interestingly, sul-2 is only expressed in sensory neurons, suggesting a regulation of sulfated hormones state by environmental cues. Treatment with the specific STS inhibitor STX64, as well as with testosterone-derived sulfated hormones reproduces the longevity phenotype of sul-2 mutants. Remarkably, those treatments ameliorate protein aggregation diseases in C. elegans, and STX64 also Alzheimer’s disease in a mammalian model. These results open the possibility of reallocating steroid sulfatase inhibitors or derivates for the treatment of aging and aging related diseases.
Humanizing the yeast origin recognition complex
Authors: Lee Clare S. K. , Cheung Ming Fung , Li Jinsen , Zhao Yongqian , Lam Wai Hei , Ho Vincy , Rohs Remo , Zhai Yuanliang , Leung Danny , Tye Bik-Kwoon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is an evolutionarily conserved six-subunit protein complex that binds specific sites at many locations to coordinately replicate the entire eukaryote genome. Though highly conserved in structure, ORC’s selectivity for replication origins has diverged tremendously between yeasts and humans to adapt to vastly different life cycles. In this work, we demonstrate that the selectivity determinant of ORC for DNA binding lies in a 19-amino acid insertion helix in the Orc4 subunit, which is present in yeast but absent in human. Removal of this motif from Orc4 transforms the yeast ORC, which selects origins based on base-specific binding at defined locations, into one whose selectivity is dictated by chromatin landscape and afforded with plasticity, as reported for human. Notably, the altered yeast ORC has acquired an affinity for regions near transcriptional start sites (TSSs), which the human ORC also favors.
π-phase modulated monolayer supercritical lens
Authors: Qin Fei , Liu Boqing , Zhu Linwei , Lei Jian , Fang Wei , Hu Dejiao , Zhu Yi , Ma Wendi , Wang Bowen , Shi Tan , Cao Yaoyu , Guan Bai-ou , Qiu Cheng-wei , Lu Yuerui , Li Xiangping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe emerging monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides have provided an unprecedented material platform for miniaturized opto-electronic devices with integrated functionalities. Although excitonic light–matter interactions associated with their direct bandgaps have received tremendous research efforts, wavefront engineering is less appreciated due to the suppressed phase accumulation effects resulting from the vanishingly small thicknesses. By introducing loss-assisted singular phase behaviour near the critical coupling point, we demonstrate that integration of monolayer MoS2 on a planar ZnO/Si substrate, approaching the physical thickness limit of the material, enables a π phase jump. Moreover, highly dispersive extinctions of MoS2 further empowers broadband phase regulation and enables binary phase-modulated supercritical lenses manifesting constant sub-diffraction-limited focal spots of 0.7 Airy units (AU) from the blue to yellow wavelength range. Our demonstrations downscaling optical elements to atomic thicknesses open new routes for ultra-compact opto-electronic systems harnessing two-dimensional semiconductor platforms with integrated functionalities.
Order and stochasticity in the folding of individual Drosophila genomes
Authors: Ulianov Sergey V. , Zakharova Vlada V. , Galitsyna Aleksandra A. , Kos Pavel I. , Polovnikov Kirill E. , Flyamer Ilya M. , Mikhaleva Elena A. , Khrameeva Ekaterina E. , Germini Diego , Logacheva Mariya D. , Gavrilov Alexey A. , Gorsky Alexander S. , Nechaev Sergey K. , Gelfand Mikhail S. , Vassetzky Yegor S. , Chertovich Alexander V. , Shevelyov Yuri Y. , Razin Sergey V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMammalian and Drosophila genomes are partitioned into topologically associating domains (TADs). Although this partitioning has been reported to be functionally relevant, it is unclear whether TADs represent true physical units located at the same genomic positions in each cell nucleus or emerge as an average of numerous alternative chromatin folding patterns in a cell population. Here, we use a single-nucleus Hi-C technique to construct high-resolution Hi-C maps in individual Drosophila genomes. These maps demonstrate chromatin compartmentalization at the megabase scale and partitioning of the genome into non-hierarchical TADs at the scale of 100 kb, which closely resembles the TAD profile in the bulk in situ Hi-C data. Over 40% of TAD boundaries are conserved between individual nuclei and possess a high level of active epigenetic marks. Polymer simulations demonstrate that chromatin folding is best described by the random walk model within TADs and is most suitably approximated by a crumpled globule build of Gaussian blobs at longer distances. We observe prominent cell-to-cell variability in the long-range contacts between either active genome loci or between Polycomb-bound regions, suggesting an important contribution of stochastic processes to the formation of the Drosophila 3D genome.
Controlling hot electron flux and catalytic selectivity with nanoscale metal-oxide interfaces
Authors: Lee Si Woo , Kim Jong Min , Park Woonghyeon , Lee Hyosun , Lee Gyu Rac , Jung Yousung , Jung Yeon Sik , Park Jeong Young 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInteraction between metal and oxides is an important molecular-level factor that influences the selectivity of a desirable reaction. Therefore, designing a heterogeneous catalyst where metal-oxide interfaces are well-formed is important for understanding selectivity and surface electronic excitation at the interface. Here, we utilized a nanoscale catalytic Schottky diode from Pt nanowire arrays on TiO2 that forms a nanoscale Pt-TiO2 interface to determine the influence of the metal-oxide interface on catalytic selectivity, thereby affecting hot electron excitation; this demonstrated the real-time detection of hot electron flow generated under an exothermic methanol oxidation reaction. The selectivity to methyl formate and hot electron generation was obtained on nanoscale Pt nanowires/TiO2, which exhibited ~2 times higher partial oxidation selectivity and ~3 times higher chemicurrent yield compared to a diode based on Pt film. By utilizing various Pt/TiO2 nanostructures, we found that the ratio of interface to metal sites significantly affects the selectivity, thereby enhancing chemicurrent yield in methanol oxidation. Density function theory (DFT) calculations show that formation of the Pt-TiO2 interface showed that selectivity to methyl formate formation was much larger in Pt nanowire arrays than in Pt films because of the different reaction mechanism.