bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐native palms (Arecaceae) as generators of novel ecosystems: A global assessment
Authors: Fehr Vincent , Buitenwerf Robert , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsNovel ecosystems are self‐maintaining ecosystems that support species assemblages without historical precedent. Despite much interest and controversy around novel ecosystems, it remains poorly understood how they are generated, what their capacity to support biodiversity is and what the implications for society are. Here, we address these issues through a global synthesis of non‐native palms, since palms are likely generators of novel ecosystems because they are introduced widely beyond their native range and have the capacity to act as ecosystem engineers.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe gathered data on non‐native palms from peer‐reviewed literature/papers, grey literature and online databases. We extracted data on the biogeographic context of palm invasions, plant functional traits and anthropogenic drivers to quantify their effects on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services.ResultsOf the 2,557 palm species, 3.4% (86 species) were recorded as naturalized and 1.1% (28 species) as invasive, which exceeds the average invasion success across all woody plants. Naturalized palms are present in most tropical and subtropical regions around the world, often in urban areas, reflecting the use of palms in horticulture. Many naturalized palms were taller and more likely to originate from open habitats or dry forest than non‐naturalized palms. These features likely represent the naturalized palms’ competitive ability, high fecundity and dispersal ability along with ecological matching to human‐disturbed environments. Overall, literature on ecological effects of palm invasions was sparse, but we found multiple cases in which palm invasions resulted in strong ecosystem changes or even biome shifts.Main ConclusionsWe found strong evidence that palm invasions can generate novel ecosystems. Although there are substantial knowledge gaps on the ecological effects of palm invasion, anthropogenic drivers like urbanization and ongoing global warming will continue to expand palm ranges and promote non‐native palms as generators of novel ecosystems.
When Is It Democratically Legitimate to Opt Out of Public Education?
Authors: Moses Michele S. , Wilson Terri S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this essay, Michele Moses and Terri Wilson explore the recent movement to opt out of state tests. They situate this activism within a diverse line of efforts to refuse aspects of public education, asking how to evaluate the democratic legitimacy of different kinds of refusal in public education. Drawing on specific examples of opting out, they point to different ethical principles at stake in conflicts over public education. They pose three sets of questions — emphasizing reasons, positionality, and consequences — to help guide local educational leaders, policymakers, and citizens in negotiating difficult cases of refusal in public education. Moses and Wilson conclude that opting out of tests may, under certain conditions, serve the public purposes of education in a democratic society. Although many opt‐out activists justify their actions in terms of individual rights, others are concerned with public goals and ideals, including concerns about the narrowing of curriculum, the erosion of teacher authority, and the widening privatization of public education. Yet communicating across and between different interests in this movement remains a challenge, one that points to the need for spaces of democratic deliberation about the aims of education policy.
Opting Out or Opting In? Test Boycott and Parental Engagement in American Public Education
Authors: Shuffelton Amy B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article provides a “thick” understanding of how public school parents understand their decision to opt their children out of standardized tests. In it, Amy Shuffelton draws from qualitative research interviews with Chicago parents to explore how three mothers connected opting out of standardized testing to their broader commitments to public schools. In probing the democratic potential of their logic, Shuffelton points to avenues of hope for democratic and equitable public schooling. As scholars have argued on multiple grounds, public schools have generally preserved inequitable power relations and resource allocations rather than changed them, and this happens in part because of parental resistance to reforms they believe to be detrimental to the interests of their children. Precisely because privileged parents have and implement the power to use schooling to pass advantages to their own children, however, it is important to consider when and why some of these parents instead see reason to build a public school system that shares those advantages widely. Putting these parents' explanations for opting out of testing into conversation with ideas about the democratic public in texts by John Dewey and Bonnie Honig, Shuffelton finds potential pathways, as well as hurdles, to reviving commitment to public schooling.
The Politics of Opting Out in the Age of Neoliberal Cynicism
Authors: Wheeler‐Bell Quentin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWithin the past several years, parents, teachers, students, and community members have vociferously debated the value and importance of opting out of standardized testing. The debate has been sparked by an increasing number of parents, dubbed “opt‐out activists,” who refuse to have their children participate in federally mandated standards testing. However, an assortment of civil rights organizations and activists have challenged the opt‐out movement. Quentin Wheeler‐Bell argues that the debate between those in the opt‐out movement and the civil rights activists is an example of neoliberal cynicism. While both groups acknowledge (to different degrees) the structural problems inherent to the current testing regime, they both also make educational demands that assume equal educational opportunity is achievable within a capitalist system. In making this assumption that equal educational opportunity is valuable within capitalism, Wheeler‐Bell concludes, both sides ultimately reproduce neoliberal cynicism.
Adaptive transgenerational effects remain significant
Authors: Zhang Yuan‐Ye , Yin Junjie , Zhou Ming , Lin Zeru , Li Qingshun Q. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe comment by Sánchez‐Tójar et al. (2020, Ecol Lett) questioned the methodology, transparency and conclusion of our study (Ecol Lett, 22, 2019, 1976). The comment has overlooked important evolutionary assumptions in their reanalysis, and the issues raised were in fact dealt with through the peer‐review process. Far from being biased, the key conclusion of our meta‐analysis still stands; transgenerational effects are largely adaptive.
The Benefits of Fixed Item Parameter Calibration for Parameter Accuracy in Small Sample Situations in Large‐Scale Assessments
Authors: König Christoph , Khorramdel Lale , Yamamoto Kentaro , Frey Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) have field trials where new survey features are tested for utility in the main survey. Because of resource constraints, there is a trade‐off between how much of the sample can be used to test new survey features and how much can be used for the initial item response theory (IRT) scaling. Utilizing real assessment data of the PISA 2015 Science assessment, this article demonstrates that using fixed item parameter calibration (FIPC) in the field trial yields stable item parameter estimates in the initial IRT scaling for samples as small as n = 250 per country. Moreover, the results indicate that for the recovery of the county‐specific latent trait distributions, the estimates of the trend items (i.e., the information introduced into the calibration) are crucial. Thus, concerning the country‐level sample size of n = 1,950 currently used in the PISA field trial, FIPC is useful for increasing the number of survey features that can be examined during the field trial without the need to increase the total sample size. This enables international large‐scale assessments such as PISA to keep up with state‐of‐the‐art developments regarding assessment frameworks, psychometric models, and delivery platform capabilities.
Intraocular pressure following four different intravenous sedation protocols in normal horses
Authors: Joyner Rebekah L. , Liu Chin‐Chi , Cremer Jeannette , Carter Renee T. , Lewin Andrew C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous sedation is frequently necessary for ophthalmic examination in horses. Common sedation protocols have not been directly compared in terms of relative intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, duration of IOP reduction and time to maximum IOP reduction.ObjectivesTo compare the effects of standing sedation protocols on IOP.Study designRandomised cross‐over experiment.MethodsTwelve healthy horses received four intravenous sedation protocols with a 48 hours washout: 0.5 mg/kg xylazine and 0.01 mg/kg butorphanol (SED1); 10 µg/kg detomidine and 0.01 mg/kg of butorphanol (SED2); 10 µg/kg detomidine (SED3); 0.5 mg/kg xylazine (SED4). IOP was measured with rebound tonometry before sedation (Tpre) and 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes post‐sedation (Tpost). Post‐sedation readings were taken with the head elevated to the Tpre position. Separately, IOP readings were also obtained following sedation with the head not elevated (TpostHeadDown). IOP values were compared using mixed ANOVA and ANCOVA models respectively with significance atP < .05.ResultsAll protocols decreased IOP compared with baseline with greatest reduction at Tpost5. IOP at Tpre (mean ± SD) was 21.8 ± 4.4 mm Hg. At Tpost5, IOP was 16.3 ± 3.8 mm Hg (SED1), 14.5 ± 2.9 mm Hg (SED2), 17.1 ± 3.8 mm Hg (SED3) and 16.9 ± 4.2 mm Hg (SED4). SED2 Tpost5 IOP was lower than other treatments. Considering all time points following sedation, SED3 IOP readings were higher than other treatments. TpostHeadDown IOPs were higher than readings taken with the head elevated (P < .001).Main limitationsAnimals with ocular disease were not studied. No animals received mock sedation or equivalent.ConclusionsA combination of detomidine and butorphanol causes greater IOP reduction 5 minutes following sedation than other commonly used sedation protocols. IOP reduction is less pronounced when detomidine is used alone. Consideration of head height is important when performing IOP measurements in horses.
Psychological Abuse as a Mediator Between Insecure Attachment Orientations and Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Gewirtz‐Meydan Ateret , Finzi‐Dottan Ricky 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo test the mediating effect of perpetrating psychological abuse between insecure attachment orientations and relationship satisfaction among couples.MethodThe mediating effect of psychological abuse between attachment orientation and relationship satisfaction was investigated among 128 couples (N = 256 participants) in enduring relationships using the actor–partner interdependence model.ResultsActor effects indicated men and women higher in anxious attachment perpetrate more psychological abuse, which in turn is linked to their low personal relationship satisfaction. Partner effects revealed two significant paths: Women higher in anxious attachment perpetrated more psychological abuse, which in turn was negatively linked to their partners' relationship satisfaction. Second, the higher the women's attachment anxiety, the more their partners perpetrated psychological abuse, which in turn was negatively linked to partners' relationship satisfaction.ConclusionsResearch on attachment and psychological abuse within romantic relationships could benefit from including a dyadic perspective. Although seen as an invisible harm, psychological abuse is a distinct type of abuse. It has a unique role in fulfilling attachment needs, as well as potentially damaging consequences on the individual and the dyad.
Oral bacteria and leaky endothelial junctions in remote extraoral sites
Authors: Hajishengallis George 
Published: August 2020

Periodontitis and periodontal pathogens have been associated with systemic complications that influence comorbid conditions, such as cardiovascular disease. Using a zebrafish larvae infection model, Farrugia et al. show that Porphyromonas gingivalis causes vascular damage and increased endothelial permeability by degrading, via its gingipain proteases, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1, and vascular endothelial cadherin, which are crucial for endothelial junctional integrity. These findings suggest a molecular mechanism whereby this oral pathogen may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and perhaps atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Low bone mass and hypovitaminosis D in haemophilia: A single‐centre study in patients with severe and moderate haemophilia A and B
Authors: Linari Silvia , Melchiorre Daniela , Pieri Lisa , Tofani Lorenzo , Fanelli Alessandra , Brogi Marco , Castaman Giancarlo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilia (H) is frequently associated with a multifactorial reduction in bone mineral density (BDM), but little is known about possible differences between HA and HB according to their severity.AimTo evaluate the association between low bone mineral density (BMD), 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and bone turnover markers in patients with HA and HB younger or older than 50 years.MethodsIn 78 patients <50 years and 33 patients >50 years with severe (S) or moderate (M) HA and HB, BMD was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry at femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine and then correlated to annual bleeding rate (ABR), World Federation of Haemophilia orthopaedic joint scale (WFH score), 25(OH)D concentrations, parathyroid hormone (PTH), amino‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTx), urinary pyridinolines, osteocalcin and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase.ResultsOverall, a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was diagnosed. In patients <50 years, low FN‐BMD was significantly more frequent in HA than in HB, while PTH, pyridinolines, ABR and WFH score were associated with H type and severity. In patients >50 years, similarly low FN‐BMD was observed in HA and HB, while ABR and WFH score were associated with H type and severity, being milder in HB.ConclusionsLow bone mass is a frequent comorbidity in haemophilic patients of all ages, apart from those with MHB. Clinical and laboratory assessments confirm a higher bone impairment and faster bone resorption in HA compared with HB. Looking at H type and severity, MHB seems to have a normal bone metabolism and a less severe disease.
High magnesium dialysate does not improve intradialytic hemodynamics or abrogate myocardial stunning
Authors: Jefferies Helen J. , Lemoine Sandrine , McIntyre Christopher W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHemodialysis (HD) induces myocardial stunning and is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Intradialytic hypotension is a modifiable determinant of myocardial stunning. Magnesium (Mg) is reported to be valuable in maintaining intradialytic blood pressure, which potentially would protect against demand myocardial ischemia. This study aimed to compare high vs. low dialysate Mg effects on intradialytic hemodynamics and HD‐induced myocardial stunning.MethodsTwenty stable prevalent HD patients entered a randomized cross‐over trial of low (0.5 mmol/L) vs. high (1.0 mmol/L) dialysate Mg. Patients were studied after 2 weeks of standard HD with each Mg concentration. Serial echocardiography assessed myocardial stunning, measured by left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs). Continuous intradialytic hemodynamics were measured noninvasively using thoracic bioimpedance.FindingsMedian predialysis serum Mg was higher with high dialysate Mg (1.45[1.29–1.55] vs. 1.03[0.98–1.1] mmol/L, P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in maximum intradialytic reduction in systolic BP. There was no significant difference in stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, and cardiac output. Overall ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) (as a sensitive marker of contractile function) was higher before dialysis in high Mg group, but there was no difference in GLS at peak stress. However, we showed a significant correlation between Mg changes and GLS changes, r = −0.47, P = 0.02. There was no difference in mean number of peak stress RWMAs per patient (4.0 ± 2.2 vs. 4.3 ± 2.9, P = 0.5). Ultrafiltration volume, a critical determinant of stunning, was not different between high and low dialysate Mg studies (1.35[0–3.3] vs. 1.5[0–2.8], P = 0.49).DiscussionManipulation of magnesium by altering dialysate magnesium concentration does not influence intradialytic hemodynamic response or HD‐induced myocardial stunning in the short term. However, decreasing Mg changes appears to decrease GLS changes.
CRHP Finder, a webtool for the detection of clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori from whole‐genome sequencing data
Authors: Yusibova Melodi , Hasman Henrik , Clausen Philip Thomas Lanken Conradsen , Imkamp Frank , Wagner Karoline , Andersen Leif Percival 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundResistance to clarithromycin in Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is mediated by mutations in the domain V of the 23S rRNA gene (A2142G, A2143G, A2142C). Other polymorphisms in the 23S rRNA gene have been reported to cause low‐level clarithromycin resistance but their importance is still under debate. In this study, we aimed to develop and evaluate the CRHP Finder webtool for detection of the most common mutations mediating clarithromycin resistance from whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data. Moreover, we included an analysis of 23 H pylori strains from Danish patients between January 2017 and September 2019 in Copenhagen, Denmark.Materials and MethodsThe CRHP Finder detects the fraction of each of the four nucleotides in nucleotide positions 2142, 2143, 2182, 2244 and 2712 of the 23S rRNA gene in H pylori (E coli numbering) by aligning raw sequencing reads (fastq format) with k‐mer alignment (KMA). The nucleotide distribution in each position is compared to previously described point mutations mediating clarithromycin resistance in H pylori, and a genotypic prediction of the clarithromycin resistance phenotype is presented as output. For validation of the CRHP webtool, 137 fastq paired‐end sequencing datasets originating from a well‐characterized strain collection of H pylori were analyzed.ResultsThe CRHP Finder correctly identified all resistance mutations reported in the sequencing data of 137 H pylori strains. In the 23 Danish H pylori strains, CRHP Finder detected A2143G (13%) in all resistant strains, and T2182C (13%) and C2244T (4,3%) nucleotide exchanges in only susceptible strains.ConclusionIn this study, we present the validation of the first webtool for H pylori resistance prediction based on the detection of 23S rRNA mutations (A2142C, A2142G, A2143G, T2182C, C2244T, T2712C) from WGS data of H pylori.
Age‐related suppression effect of current body weight on the association between birthweight and blood pressure: The Bogalusa heart study
Authors: Yun Miaoying , Wang Xuan , Fan Lijun , Yan Yinkun , Bazzano Lydia , He Jiang , Li Shengxu , Zhang Tao , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundIt has been controversial whether to adjust for current body weight while examining the relationship between birthweight and blood pressure (BP).ObjectiveThe present study aims to partition the total effect of birthweight on BP into its direct effect and indirect effect through current body mass index (BMI).MethodsThe study cohort consisted of 6251 participants who had birthweight information with 13 443 observations on BMI and BP in pre‐adolescence (4‐11 years), adolescence (12‐19 years), young adulthood (20‐30 years) and mid‐adulthood (31‐58 years). General third‐variable models were used to distinguish the mediation and suppression effects of current BMI on the birthweight‐BP association at different ages.ResultsThe total effect of birthweight on systolic BP measured as standardized regression coefficient (β) without current BMI included in the model was 0.003 (P = .810) in pre‐adolescents, −0.032 (P = .029) in adolescents, −0.066 (P = .002) in young adults and −0.051 (P = .023) in midlife adults. With additional adjustment for BMI, the direct effect of birthweight on systolic BP was strengthened to β = −0.066 (P = .013), β = −0.058 (P = .014), β = −0.094 (P = .020), β = −0.066 (P = .023); the suppression effects of BMI were calculated at 0.070, 0.027, 0.028 and 0.015 in the respective age groups. The decreasing trend of suppression effects with increasing age mimicked the trends of birthweight‐BMI and BMI‐BP correlations.ConclusionsCurrent body weight has a suppression effect, not a mediation effect, on the birthweight‐BP association, with pre‐adolescents having the greatest suppression effect. The suppression effect is predominantly determined by birthweight‐BMI and BMI‐BP correlations.
Presenteeism in nurses: comparative study of Spanish, Portuguese and Brazilian nurses
Authors: Mosteiro‐Díaz Maria‐Pilar , Baldonedo‐Mosteiro Maria , Borges Elisabete , Baptista Patricia , Queirós Cristina , Sánchez‐Zaballos Marta , Felli Vanda , Abreu Margarida , Silva Fábio , Franco‐Correia Sara 
Published: August 2020

AimTo compare presenteeism levels among three samples of nurses and to identify the relationship between presenteeism and sociodemographic and professional characteristics.BackgroundPresenteeism (going to work ill) is a phenomenon studied from different perspectives, and it has become especially important during the current COVID‐19 outbreak; its connection to high healthcare costs, patient safety breaches and negative nurse well‐being has been proved.IntroductionThe nursing profession is particularly associated with caring for the culture of teamwork, loyalty to colleagues and professional identity. This condition enhances the ‘super nurse phenomenon’, even though nurses do not feel physically and psychologically able to work.MethodsA multicentre, cross‐sectional study was conducted in three different country contexts: Oviedo (Spain), Porto (Portugal) and São Paulo (Brazil). Nurses performing functions in hospitals and primary health care were enrolled. Informed consent and data collection questionnaires were hand delivered. The Stanford Presenteeism Scale‐6 was applied.ResultsA total of 659 nurses participated. Portuguese nurses showed greater prevalence of presenteeism, followed by Brazilian and Spanish nurses. Younger nurses with less professional experience presented lower levels of presenteeism but greater psychological commitment. Male participants showed lower capacity to complete work when ill than female participants.ConclusionsAge and length of professional experience proved to be significant predictors of total presenteeism, although only professional experience revealed statistical significance in the adjusted model.Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyThe knowledge of this phenomenon among nurses highlights the need for the development of strategies in the curriculum of nursing students and organizations. Resilience and ergonomic training should be applied in the training programmes of the students and reinforced by the health centre managers. It is essential that healthcare systems design worksite wellness programmes that pursue greater physical and mental well‐being for healthcare professionals.