bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transorbital Endoscopic Approach for Repair of Frontal Sinus Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks: Case‐Series
Authors: Noiphithak Raywat , Yanez‐Siller Juan C. , Nimmannitya Pree , Rukskul Pataravit 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo highlight the feasibility and evaluate the outcomes of the transorbital endoscopic approach (TOEA) in the management of frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsThe database of patients with frontal sinus CSF leaks managed with TOEA from January 2017 through December 2019 at our institution was reviewed. Two videos of clinical case examples are presented.ResultsSixteen patients (10 males, 6 females, mean age 53; range 21–61 years) underwent TOEA through the superior eyelid corridor for the repair of frontal sinus CSF leak. The most common etiology of the CSF leak was trauma (nine cases; 56.3%), followed by injury from iatrogenic causes in six cases (37.5%), and spontaneous leak in one case (6.2%). Average defect size was 8.8 mm (range 2.0–20.8 mm). Ten patients were revision cases who had undergone prior nontransorbital CSF leak repair at outside institutions. All patients underwent successful repair via TOEA without postoperative complications. Complete resolution was maintained in all cases. Mean follow‐up period was 11 months (range 6–22 months).ConclusionsTOEA is a safe minimally disruptive alternative for definitive management of frontal sinus CSF leak in well‐selected primary or revision cases. Further studies are necessary to define its indications and outcomes.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1753–1757, 2021
The First “Dead Zone”
Authors: Kirchman David L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe term “dead zone” is used in the popular media and only occasionally in the scientific literature to describe waters with dangerously low dissolved oxygen. This note is about the term's first appearance in print. The story starts in the North Atlantic Ocean, winds through the former Soviet Union and Lake Pontchartrain, before ending in Houma, Louisiana, whose coastal waters include the most infamous dead zone, the northern Gulf of Mexico. Although the term is common in reports for the general public, scientists tend to avoid it because it is inaccurate; dead zones are in fact full of life. In spite of its problems, “dead zone” has a place in communicating our science to others, but it and other colorful terms should be used judiciously.
Impact of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation on Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Study
Authors: Santin Marie des Neiges , Voulleminot Paul , Vrillon Agathe , Hainque Elodie , Béreau Matthieu , Lagha‐Boukbiza Ouhaid , Wirth Thomas , Montaut Solveig , Bardinet Eric , Kyheng Maeva , Rolland Anne‐Sophie , Voirin Jimmy , Drapier Sophie , Durif Franck , Eusebio Alexandre , Giordana Caroline , Auzou Nicolas , Houeto Jean‐Luc , Hubsch Cécile , Jarraya Béchir , Laurencin Chloé , Maltete David , Meyer Mylène , Rascol Olivier , Rouaud Tiphaine , Tir Mélissa , Moreau Caroline , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Proust François , Grabli David , Devos David , Tranchant Christine , Anheim Mathieu ,   for the Predistim Study Group
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundImpact of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) on impulse control disorders (ICD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to analyze the natural history of ICD between baseline and 1 year after subthalamic DBS in patients with PD and to identify predictive factors, taking into account the positions of the active contact and stimulation parameters.MethodsWe analyzed postoperative modifications of ICD based on the multicentric, prospective Predictive Factors and Subthalamic Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease cohort. ICD status and Ardouin Scale of Behaviour in PD were assessed at baseline and 1 year following subthalamic DBS. Location of active contacts within the 3 subthalamic nucleus functional territories was investigated.ResultsA total of 217 were patients included. Of the patients, 10.6% had ICD at baseline of which 95.6% improved at 1 year following subthalamic DBS; 3.6% of the patients experienced de novo ICD at 1 year following subthalamic DBS. Dopamine agonist dose reduction (from 309.8 to 109.3 mg) was the main driver of ICD regression (P = 0.05). Higher preoperative dyskinesias were associated with poorer ICD evolution (P = 0.04). Whereas baseline apathy was a risk factor of de novo ICD (P = 0.02), ICD improvement correlated with postoperative apathy (P = 0.004). Stimulation power and position of active contacts—mainly located within the sensorimotor part of the subthalamic nucleus—did not influence ICD.ConclusionsThis 1‐year, postoperative follow‐up study showed ICD regression and dopaminergic drug reduction with optimal position of the active contacts within the subthalamic nucleus. Whereas patients with PD with preoperative ICD were prone to postoperative apathy, we also showed that those with preoperative apathy had a higher risk to experience postoperative de novo ICD, further highlighting the meaningful influence of postoperative management of dopaminergic medication on outcome and the continuum between apathy and ICD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Loss of POLR1D results in embryonic lethality prior to blastocyst formation in mice
Authors: Miao Xiaosu , Sun Tieqi , Golan Morgane , Mager Jesse , Cui Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn eukaryotic cells, RNA polymerase (Pol) I and Pol III are dedicated to the synthesis of ribosomal RNA precursors and a variety of small RNAs, respectively. Although RNA Pol I and Pol III complexes are crucial for the regulation of cell growth and cell cycle in all cell types, many of the components of the Pol I and Pol III complexes have not been functionally characterized in mammals. Here, we provide the first in vivo functional characterization of POLR1D, a subunit shared by RNA Pol I and Pol III, during early mammalian embryo development. Our results show that Polr1d mutant embryos cannot be recovered at E7.5 early post‐gastrulation stage, suggesting failed implantation. Although Polr1d mutants can be recovered at E3.5, they exhibit delayed/stalled development with morula morphology rather than differentiation into blastocysts. Even with extended time in culture, mutant embryos fail to form blastocysts and eventually die. Analysis of E3.0 embryos revealed severe DNA damage in Polr1d mutants. Additionally, lineage assessment reveals that trophectoderm specification is compromised in the absence of Polr1d. In summary, these findings demonstrate the essential role of POLR1D during early mammalian embryogenesis and highlight cell‐lethal phenotype without Polr1d function.
Semiconvergence analysis of the randomized row iterative method and its extended variants
Authors: Wu Nianci , Xiang Hua 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe row iterative method is popular in solving the large‐scale ill‐posed problems due to its simplicity and efficiency. In this work we consider the randomized row iterative (RRI) method to tackle this issue. First, we present the semiconvergence analysis of RRI method for the overdetermined and inconsistent system, and derive upper bounds for the noise error propagation in the iteration vectors. To achieve a least squares solution, we then propose an extended version of the RRI (ERRI) method, which in fact can converge in expectation to the solution of the overdetermined or underdetermined, consistent or inconsistent systems. Finally, some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the convergence behaviors of the RRI and ERRI methods for these types of linear system.
Obtaining reliable S‐wave velocity depth profile by joint inversion of geophysical data: the combination of active surface‐wave, seismic refraction and electric sounding data
Authors: Senkaya Mustafa , Karsli Hakan , Socco Laura Valentina , Foti Sebastiano 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe inversion of active surface‐wave data is highly affected by the non‐uniqueness of the solution. While a deterministic approach is generally chosen due to certain advantages, there is the risk of getting trapped in a local minima, especially when no a priori information is available about the sub‐surface geometry since the layer thickness is assumed fixed to a priori. The fixed‐layer thickness in a deterministic inversion of the active surface‐wave raises significant issues, such as the relevance of the initial model geometry (the thickness of the intermediate layer and the total depth of the initial model) and the equivalence problems. Thus, the inversion result is inherently not reliable, even in the case of the normal dispersion medium, and the result could be unachievable in challenging sub‐surface situations. These issues could be reduced by using a joint inversion approach. The present paper first presents examples of issues through four case histories in Trabzon, Turkey. Then, two joint inversion approaches based on local search are carried out to handle the issues concerning individual inversion. The first approach combines active surface‐wave data with electric sounding data and the second includes travel times from seismic refraction data. In addition, an independent inversion is carried out with a neighbourhood algorithm for a global search to compare against the joint inversion results. The joint inversion schemes clearly reduce the ambiguities of the individual inversion of the active surface‐wave data, and the dependence on the initial model regarding the layer thickness is also mitigated. Moreover, the joint inversion approach provides an estimate of the complementary model parameters, namely electrical resistivity and the compressional wave velocity. It is shown that the proposed joint inversion approaches provide consistent results with former boreholes, seismic tomographic profiles and the known geologic features of the study area even in the absence of any a priori information.
Red visual stimulation in theGanzfeldleads to a relative overestimation of duration compared to green
Authors: Kübel Sebastian L. , Fiedler Henrike , Wittmann Marc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA Ganzfeld is a homogenized visual and auditory perceptual field which can induce altered states of consciousness (ASC; Metzger, 1929; Schmidt & Prein, 2019). Using a balanced intrasubject design, we compared participants' experience during two differently colored (red, green) 25‐min Ganzfeld sessions with brown noise as acoustic stimulation. Participants were exposed to the colored visual field through commercially available goggles and to brown noise over headphones. We selected 67 participants with some prior meditation experience to increase the probability that they would engage meaningfully with this specifically restricted stimulus situation. We tested the functional components of the standard cognitive model of time perception (Zakay & Block, 1997) in a path analysis for direct (red vs. green light) and indirect effects (arousal, attention) on subjective duration and perceived passage of time. Subjective arousal and valence states were measured using the Self‐Assessment Manikin (SAM). The amount of attention directed to time and the perceived passage of time were rated with standard visual analog scales (VAS). Participants also estimated the duration of each Ganzfeld exposure. The session with the red visual field lasted significantly longer than did the green session (μred= 23.1 min; μgreen= 19.8 min). After the green session, participants rated their arousal level to have significantly decreased; after the red session, individuals on average felt emotionally less positive. Multiple path analyses revealed that the effect of color on estimated duration is completely mediated through higher arousal levels during the red Ganzfeld session. In turn, the higher arousal level generates a longer subjective estimate of duration. For induction of relaxation in studies probing altered states of consciousness employing the Ganzfeld technique, we recommend using the green light.
Applications of noninvasive prenatal testing in vanishing twin syndrome pregnancies after treatment of assisted reproductive technology in a single center
Authors: Zou Yang , Cui Linlin , Xue Mengyang , Yan Junhao , Huang Miao , Gao Ming , Gao Xuan , Gao Yuan , Chen Zi‐Jiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study is to assess the clinical application of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for VTS pregnancies after the treatment of assisted reproductive technology (ART).MethodThis was a retrospective study on VTS pregnancies through ART treatment. Participants underwent NIPT at 11 to 13 weeks gestation by sequencing. Resampling was recommended for both positive and testing failure cases. For NIPT positive results, participants were advised to have invasive testing. Clinical outcomes were obtained by telephone interview.ResultsIn total of 579 cases, testing failure rates after first sampling and resampling were 7.6% and 1.4%, respectively. Twelve positive results were reported by NIPT. But only one true positive was confirmed, giving a PPV of 8%. A total of 576 cases completed the follow‐up (including 533 NIPT negative, 12 positive, and 31 testing failure) and three cases lost follow‐up. Among the 536 cases with NIPT negative results, 504 (94.0%) resulted in live‐birth and 29 (5.4%) resulted in miscarriage or stillbirths. No false‐negative result was reported.ConclusionNIPT has the potential to be used in prenatal screening for VTS pregnancies. For the pregnant women who obtained positive and testing failure results, resampling after 15 weeks of gestation is recommended.
Patterns of anticonvulsant use and adverse drug events in older adults
Authors: Moura Lidia M. V. R. , Smith Jason R. , Yan Zhiyu , Blacker Deborah , Schwamm Lee H. , Newhouse Joseph P. , Hernandez‐Diaz Sonia , Hsu John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo examine indications for, duration of use, and rate of adverse drug events (ADE) attributable to anticonvulsant initiation, as adjudicated by expert review of electronic health records (EHR) of older adults.MethodsWe identified a cohort of community dwelling Medicare beneficiaries with linked EHR (aged 65+, continuously enrolled with a large health system/until death between 2012 and 2014, n = 20 945) and drew a stratified EHR review sample (n = 1534). An expert reviewed all records to adjudicate anticonvulsant use, years of use, indication for use, and evidence of ADEs attributable to anticonvulsant initiation. After excluding patients with insufficient EHR data (n = 37; 2%), we reconstructed the cohort using inverse probability weights to resemble the original cohort of eligible beneficiaries (n = 20 380). Among incident users of a single anticonvulsant, we estimated the rate of ADEs and described the type and severity of ADEs.ResultsOverall, 12% (n = 2469) of eligible beneficiaries used at least one anticonvulsant in the 2012 to 2014 period (4% [n = 757] incident users, 8% [n = 1712] prevalent users). Incident users were most frequently prescribed gabapentin (n = 461/757, 61%), benzodiazepines (n = 122/757, 16%), and levetiracetam (n = 74/757, 10%); the most common indication was pain relief (n = 214; 28%) followed by epilepsy (n = 53; 7%). Among incident users, the overall ADE rate was 10/100 person‐years (95% CI 4‐20/100 person‐years), of which 29% (n = 28/97) were life threatening (eg, somnolence). Most ADEs among incident monotherapy users were nervous system related (68%, n = 66/97).ConclusionMany older adult community dwelling traditional Medicare beneficiaries had clinically significant ADEs likely attributable to the initiation of anticonvulsant therapy, which was begun for a range of indications.
Effect of side chain phenyl group on the self‐assembled morphology of dipeptide hydrazides
Authors: Ohtomi Taku , Higashi Sayuri L. , Mori Daisuke , Shibata Aya , Kitamura Yoshiaki , Ikeda Masato 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report self‐assembled nanostructures of dipeptides hydrazides, in which alanine and/or phenylalanine are employed as components to investigate the effect of the side chain phenyl group on the morphology of self‐assembled nanostructures. We demonstrated that the dimensions of the self‐assembled nanostructures can vary from 1D (fiber and tubular) to 2D (sheet) solely by adjusting the position of the side chain phenyl group in the simple molecular scaffold of the dipeptide hydrazides. This study highlights the significance and potential of systematic investigations for fine‐tuning the morphology of aqueous self‐assembled structures of the dipeptide hydrazides with the aim of exploring functional soft nanomaterials.
An Updated Review of the Epidemiology of Swimming Injuries
Authors: Trinidad Alfonso , González‐Garcia Higinio , López‐Valenciano Alejandro 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo carry out a systematic review to update the scientific evidence on the incidence and prevalence of injuries in the swimming discipline, as well as the location, type, and mechanism of the injuries, and to assess whether studies are meeting methodological recommendations for data collection and injury surveillance.TypeAnalytical‐Systematic review.Literature SurveyThe databases of PubMed and Sportdiscus were used to search for studies that describe the epidemiology of injuries in adult swimmers between 2010 and March 2020.MethodologyOf the 864 articles identified, 14 studies were finally included in this review. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) scale and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.SynthesisThe results showed a high prevalence of shoulder, knee, and lower back injuries among swimmers due to overuse. These injuries were mainly short‐term tendon muscles; there were reported data differences between genders.ConclusionsDespite the publication of an injury surveillance single and multisport events document and a consensus on data collection and injury surveillance in swimming, there are huge methodological limitations that do not allow firm conclusions. As such, more epidemiological studies following guidelines for data collection and injury surveillance are needed to establish differences by gender, age group, and swimming stroke.
An attempt to simulate structure and realistic images of scratches on rough polymeric surfaces
Authors: Gao Weimin , Wang Lijing , Coffey Jolanta K. , Wu Hongren , Daver Fugen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNumerical simulation of scratching has been shown to exhibit many advantages in material development and surface design and can provide detailed information associated with the scratch structure. However, the visual appearance of simulated scratches in real‐world scenarios has seldom been studied. This study simulates the structure and visual appearance of scratches on rough polymer surfaces by combining the finite element method (FEM) with computer imaging (CI) techniques. FEM modeling of scratching incorporates a wide range of microgeometries in rough surfaces to ensure that the resulting scratch surfaces contain all features, regardless of whether they are visible to the human eye. Computer graphics produce realistic images of numeric scratch surfaces in real‐world lighting conditions. This method demonstrates the advantages of easily simulating scratches on rough surfaces and assessing both abrasion strength and visual scratch resistance. Scratch tests on commercial polymer surfaces at different scratch forces demonstrate that the method can satisfactorily predict the structures and scales of scratches. The simulated images correlate closely with camera‐acquired photographs in terms of the visual appearance of scratch surfaces, effect of lighting conditions, and dependence of the visual width of scratches on the scratching force, material, pigment, and additive in the material.
Mechanism and kinetics of the reaction CH3 + CH3CHO: Ab initio semiclassical transition state theory study
Authors: Zokaie Meymanat , Hashemi S. Rasoul , Saheb Vahid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe potential energy profile of the reaction between methyl radicals with acetaldehyde is theoretically investigated at different levels of theory prior to calculating the bimolecular rate constants of this reaction by semiclassical transition state theory (SCTST) and one‐dimensional master equation (1DME) modeling. The stationary points on the potential energy surface of the reaction CH3 + CH3CHO are characterized at the levels MP2/6‐311 + g(2d,2p) and CCD/6‐311 + g(2d,2p). To obtain more satisfying energies, single‐point calculations are performed at CCSD(T)/augh‐cc‐pVTZ+2df. It is shown that the title reaction proceeds via either hydrogen abstraction channels or the addition of methyl radical to acetaldehyde, forming an isopropoxy radical. Then, SCTST and 1DME modeling are used to compare the rate constants of distinct reaction channels. The aldehyde hydrogen atom abstraction by methyl radical producing CH4 + CH3CO is dominant both thermodynamically and kinetically. The calculated SCTST rate constants can be expressed as a function of temperature with cm3molecule−1s−1 (200‐3000 K). Hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) isotopic effects on the kinetics are computed for some specific abstraction channels, showing that tunneling indeed plays a vital role in the hydrogen abstraction process. Pressure dependencies of the addition reaction are followed using master equation calculations, illustrating that the stabilization of the isopropoxy radical is dominant at higher pressures and lower temperatures. In contrast, as pressure decreases and temperature increases, the energized radical prefers decomposing to new bimolecular sets.
Anticoagulation outcomes in hospitalized Covid‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of case‐control and cohort studies
Authors: Kamel Ahmed M. , Sobhy Mona , Magdy Nada , Sabry Nirmeen , Farid Samar 
Published: October 2020

SummaryBackground: Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events are common in Covid‐19 patients and are poor prognostic factors. Controversy exists regarding the potential of anticoagulation (AC) to reduce mortality and incidence of thromboembolic events in Covid‐19 patients. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated the association between anticoagulants and mortality in adult hospitalized COVID‐19 patients using the available published non‐randomized studies. Methods: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and Clinical Trials.gov were searched for relevant studies. A meta‐analysis of adjusted and unadjusted estimates was performed. The relative risk was used as a measure of effect. The random‐effects model was used to pool estimates using the generic inverse variance method. Results: Sixteen studies were included in the quantitative data synthesis. Results showed a statistically significant association between AC and mortality (RR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.36; 0.92, p = 0.02). Both therapeutic (Relative risk [RR] = 0.4, 95% CI 0.27; 0.57) and prophylactic AC (RR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.41; 0.71) were associated with lower risk of mortality. Pre‐admission AC was not associated with mortality (RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.49; 1.43, p > 0.05) while prophylactic AC was associated with higher risk of mortality compared to therapeutic AC (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.34; 1.87, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Findings support the association of AC with mortality in Covid‐19 patients. The results, synthesized from mostly low‐quality studies, show that prophylactic and therapeutic AC might reduce mortality in Covid‐19 patients. Findings suggest that therapeutic doses might be associated with better survival compared to prophylactic doses.