bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regionally Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean‐Marine Biogeochemistry Model ROM: 2. Studying the Climate Change Signal in the North Atlantic and Europe
Authors: Sein Dmitry V. , Gröger Matthias , Cabos William , Alvarez‐Garcia Francisco J. , Hagemann Stefan , Pinto Joaquim G. , Izquierdo Alfredo , de la Vara Alba , Koldunov Nikolay V. , Dvornikov Anton Yu. , Limareva Natalia , Alekseeva Evgenia , Martinez‐Lopez Benjamin , Jacob Daniela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClimate simulations for the North Atlantic and Europe for recent and future conditions simulated with the regionally coupled ROM model are analyzed and compared to the results from the MPI‐ESM. The ROM simulations also include a biogeochemistry and ocean tides. For recent climate conditions, ROM generally improves the simulations compared to the driving model MPI‐ESM. Reduced oceanic biases in the Northern Atlantic are found, as well as a better simulation of the atmospheric circulation, notably storm tracks and blocking. Regarding future climate projections for the 21st century following the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, MPI‐ESM and ROM largely agree qualitatively on the climate change signal over Europe. However, many important differences are identified. For example, ROM shows an SST cooling in the Subpolar Gyre, which is not present in MPI‐ESM. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, ROM Arctic sea ice cover is thinner and reaches the seasonally ice‐free state by 2055, well before MPI‐ESM. This shows the decisive importance of higher ocean resolution and regional coupling for determining the regional responses to global warming trends. Regarding biogeochemistry, both ROM and MPI‐ESM simulate a widespread decline in winter nutrient concentration in the North Atlantic of up to ~35%. On the other hand, the phytoplankton spring bloom in the Arctic and in the North‐Western Atlantic starts earlier, and the yearly primary production is enhanced in the Arctic in the late 21st century. These results clearly demonstrate the added value of ROM to determine more detailed and more reliable climate projections at the regional scale.
Low-threshold topological nanolasers based on the second-order corner state
Authors: Zhang Weixuan , Xie Xin , Hao Huiming , Dang Jianchen , Xiao Shan , Shi Shushu , Ni Haiqiao , Niu Zhichuan , Wang Can , Jin Kuijuan , Zhang Xiangdong , Xu Xiulai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTopological lasers are immune to imperfections and disorder. They have been recently demonstrated based on many kinds of robust edge states, which are mostly at the microscale. The realization of 2D on-chip topological nanolasers with a small footprint, a low threshold and high energy efficiency has yet to be explored. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of a topological nanolaser with high performance in a 2D photonic crystal slab. A topological nanocavity is formed utilizing the Wannier-type 0D corner state. Lasing behaviour with a low threshold of approximately 1 µW and a high spontaneous emission coupling factor of 0.25 is observed with quantum dots as the active material. Such performance is much better than that of topological edge lasers and comparable to that of conventional photonic crystal nanolasers. Our experimental demonstration of a low-threshold topological nanolaser will be of great significance to the development of topological nanophotonic circuitry for the manipulation of photons in classical and quantum regimes.
Biomarkers of neonatal skin barrier adaptation reveal substantial differences compared to adult skin
Authors: Visscher Marty O. , Carr Andrew N. , Winget Jason , Huggins Thomas , Bascom Charles C. , Isfort Robert , Lammers Karen , Narendran Vivek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to measure skin characteristics in premature (PT), late preterm (LPT), and full-term (FT) neonates compared with adults at two times (T1, T2).MethodsSkin samples of 61 neonates and 34 adults were analyzed for protein biomarkers, natural moisturizing factor (NMF), and biophysical parameters. Infant groups were: <34 weeks (PT), 34–<37 weeks (LPT), and ≥37 weeks (FT).ResultsForty proteins were differentially expressed in FT infant skin, 38 in LPT infant skin, and 12 in PT infant skin compared with adult skin at T1. At T2, 40 proteins were differentially expressed in FT infants, 38 in LPT infants, and 54 in PT infants compared with adults. All proteins were increased at both times, except TMG3, S100A7, and PEBP1, and decreased in PTs at T1. The proteins are involved in filaggrin processing, protease inhibition/enzyme regulation, and antimicrobial function. Eight proteins were decreased in PT skin compared with FT skin at T1. LPT and FT proteins were generally comparable at both times. Total NMF was lower in infants than adults at T1, but higher in infants at T2.ConclusionsNeonates respond to the physiological transitions at birth by upregulating processes that drive the production of lower pH of the skin and water-binding NMF components, prevent protease activity leading to desquamation, and increase the barrier antimicrobial properties.ImpactNeonates respond to the transitions at birth by upregulating processes that drive the production of lower pH of the skin and NMF, prevent protease activity leading to desquamation, and increase the antimicrobial properties of the barrier.The neonatal epidermal barrier exhibits a markedly different array of protein biomarkers both shortly after birth and 2–3 months later, which are differentially expressed versus adults.The major biomarker-functional classes included filaggrin processing, protease inhibitor/enzyme regulators, antimicrobials, keratins, lipids, and cathepsins.The findings will guide improvement of infant skin care practices, particularly for the most premature infants with the ultimate goals mitigating nosocomial infection.
Heterotrophy in the earliest gut: a single-cell view of heterotrophic carbon and nitrogen assimilation in sponge-microbe symbioses
Authors: Rix Laura , Ribes Marta , Coma Rafel , Jahn Martin T , de Goeij Jasper M , van Oevelen Dick , Escrig Stéphane , Meibom Anders , Hentschel Ute 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sponges are the oldest known extant animal-microbe symbiosis. These ubiquitous benthic animals play an important role in marine ecosystems in the cycling of dissolved organic matter (DOM), the largest source of organic matter on Earth. The conventional view on DOM cycling through microbial processing has been challenged by the interaction between this efficient filter-feeding host and its diverse and abundant microbiome. Here we quantify, for the first time, the role of host cells and microbial symbionts in sponge heterotrophy. We combined stable isotope probing and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry to compare the processing of different sources of DOM (glucose, amino acids, algal-produced) and particulate organic matter (POM) by a high-microbial abundance (HMA) and low-microbial abundance (LMA) sponge with single-cell resolution. Contrary to common notion, we found that both microbial symbionts and host choanocyte (i.e. filter) cells and were active in DOM uptake. Although all DOM sources were assimilated by both sponges, higher microbial biomass in the HMA sponge corresponded to an increased capacity to process a greater variety of dissolved compounds. Nevertheless, in situ feeding data demonstrated that DOM was the primary carbon source for both the LMA and HMA sponge, accounting for ~90% of their heterotrophic diets. Microbes accounted for the majority (65–87%) of DOM assimilated by the HMA sponge (and ~60% of its total heterotrophic diet) but &lt;5% in the LMA sponge. We propose that the evolutionary success of sponges is due to their different strategies to exploit the vast reservoir of DOM in the ocean.
EGFR/Ras-induced CCL20 production modulates the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Hippe Andreas , Braun Stephan Alexander , Oláh Péter , Gerber Peter Arne , Schorr Anne , Seeliger Stephan , Holtz Stephanie , Jannasch Katharina , Pivarcsi Andor , Buhren Bettina , Schrumpf Holger , Kislat Andreas , Bünemann Erich , Steinhoff Martin , Fischer Jens , Lira Sérgio A. , Boukamp Petra , Hevezi Peter , Stoecklein Nikolas Hendrik , Hoffmann Thomas , Alves Frauke , Sleeman Jonathan , Bauer Thomas , Klufa Jörg , Amberg Nicole , Sibilia Maria , Zlotnik Albert , Müller-Homey Anja , Homey Bernhard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe activation of the EGFR/Ras-signalling pathway in tumour cells induces a distinct chemokine repertoire, which in turn modulates the tumour microenvironment.MethodsThe effects of EGFR/Ras on the expression and translation of CCL20 were analysed in a large set of epithelial cancer cell lines and tumour tissues by RT-qPCR and ELISA in vitro. CCL20 production was verified by immunohistochemistry in different tumour tissues and correlated with clinical data. The effects of CCL20 on endothelial cell migration and tumour-associated vascularisation were comprehensively analysed with chemotaxis assays in vitro and in CCR6-deficient mice in vivo.ResultsTumours facilitate progression by the EGFR/Ras-induced production of CCL20. Expression of the chemokine CCL20 in tumours correlates with advanced tumour stage, increased lymph node metastasis and decreased survival in patients. Microvascular endothelial cells abundantly express the specific CCL20 receptor CCR6. CCR6 signalling in endothelial cells induces angiogenesis. CCR6-deficient mice show significantly decreased tumour growth and tumour-associated vascularisation. The observed phenotype is dependent on CCR6 deficiency in stromal cells but not within the immune system.ConclusionWe propose that the chemokine axis CCL20–CCR6 represents a novel and promising target to interfere with the tumour microenvironment, and opens an innovative multimodal strategy for cancer therapy.
Inverse iron oxide/metal catalysts from galvanic replacement
Authors: Zhu Yifeng , Zhang Xin , Koh Katherine , Kovarik Libor , Fulton John L. , Rosso Kevin M. , Gutiérrez Oliver Y. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKey chemical transformations require metal and redox sites in proximity at interfaces; however, in traditional oxide-supported materials, this requirement is met only at the perimeters of metal nanoparticles. We report that galvanic replacement can produce inverse FeOx/metal nanostructures in which the concentration of oxide species adjoining metal domains is maximal. The synthesis involves reductive deposition of rhodium or platinum and oxidation of Fe2+ from magnetite (Fe3O4). We discovered a parallel dissolution and adsorption of Fe2+ onto the metal, yielding inverse FeOx-coated metal nanoparticles. This nanostructure exhibits the intrinsic activity in selective CO2 reduction that simple metal nanoparticles have only at interfaces with the support. By enabling a simple way to control the surface functionality of metal particles, our approach is not only scalable but also enables a versatile palette for catalyst design.
Quantifying molecular bias in DNA data storage
Authors: Chen Yuan-Jyue , Takahashi Christopher N. , Organick Lee , Bee Callista , Ang Siena Dumas , Weiss Patrick , Peck Bill , Seelig Georg , Ceze Luis , Strauss Karin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDNA has recently emerged as an attractive medium for archival data storage. Recent work has demonstrated proof-of-principle prototype systems; however, very uneven (biased) sequencing coverage has been reported, which indicates inefficiencies in the storage process. Deviations from the average coverage in the sequence copy distribution can either cause wasteful provisioning in sequencing or excessive number of missing sequences. Here, we use millions of unique sequences from a DNA-based digital data archival system to study the oligonucleotide copy unevenness problem and show that the two paramount sources of bias are the synthesis and amplification (PCR) processes. Based on these findings, we develop a statistical model for each molecular process as well as the overall process. We further use our model to explore the trade-offs between synthesis bias, storage physical density, logical redundancy, and sequencing redundancy, providing insights for engineering efficient, robust DNA data storage systems.
On-chip coherent microwave-to-optical transduction mediated by ytterbium in YVO4
Authors: Bartholomew John G. , Rochman Jake , Xie Tian , Kindem Jonathan M. , Ruskuc Andrei , Craiciu Ioana , Lei Mi , Faraon Andrei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOptical networks that distribute entanglement among various quantum systems will form a powerful framework for quantum science but are yet to interface with leading quantum hardware such as superconducting qubits. Consequently, these systems remain isolated because microwave links at room temperature are noisy and lossy. Building long distance connectivity requires interfaces that map quantum information between microwave and optical fields. While preliminary microwave-to-optical transducers have been realized, developing efficient, low-noise devices that match superconducting qubit frequencies (gigahertz) and bandwidths (10 kilohertz – 1 megahertz) remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a proof-of-concept on-chip transducer using trivalent ytterbium-171 ions in yttrium orthovanadate coupled to a nanophotonic waveguide and a microwave transmission line. The device′s miniaturization, material, and zero-magnetic-field operation are important advances for rare-earth ion magneto-optical devices. Further integration with high quality factor microwave and optical resonators will enable efficient transduction and create opportunities toward multi-platform quantum networks.
Life on a Mesoarchean marine shelf – insights from the world’s oldest known granular iron formation
Authors: Smith Albertus J. B. , Beukes Nicolas J. , Gutzmer Jens , Johnson Clark M. , Czaja Andrew D. , Nhleko Noah , de Beer Frikkie , Hoffman Jakobus W. , Awramik Stanley M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Nconga Formation of the Mesoarchean (~2.96–2.84 Ga) Mozaan Group of the Pongola Supergroup of southern Africa contains the world’s oldest known granular iron formation. Three dimensional reconstructions of the granules using micro-focus X-ray computed tomography reveal that these granules are microstromatolites coated by magnetite and calcite, and can therefore be classified as oncoids. The reconstructions also show damage to the granule coatings caused by sedimentary transport during formation of the granules and eventual deposition as density currents. The detailed, three dimensional morphology of the granules in conjunction with previously published geochemical and isotope data indicate a biogenic origin for iron precipitation around chert granules on the shallow shelf of one of the oldest supracratonic environments on Earth almost three billion years ago. It broadens our understanding of biologically-mediated iron precipitation during the Archean by illustrating that it took place on the shallow marine shelf coevally with deeper water, below-wave base iron precipitation in micritic iron formations.
Characterization of the phenotypic and genotypic tolerance to abiotic stresses of natural populations of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
Authors: Levy Noa , Faigenboim Adi , Salame Liora , Molina Carlos , Ehlers Ralf-Udo , Glazer Itamar , Ment Dana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes are effective biocontrol agents against arthropod pests. However, their efficacy is limited due to sensitivity to environmental extremes. The objective of the present study was to establish a foundation of genetic-based selection tools for beneficial traits of heat and desiccation tolerance in entomopathogenic nematodes. Screening of natural populations enabled us to create a diverse genetic and phenotypic pool. Gene expression patterns and genomic variation were studied in natural isolates.Heterorhabditisisolates were phenotyped by heat- and desiccation-stress bioassays to determine their survival rates compared to a commercial line. Transcriptomic study was carried out for the commercial line, a high heat-tolerant strain, and for the natural, low heat-tolerant isolate. The results revealed a higher number of upregulated vs. downregulated transcripts in both isolates vs. their respective controls. Functional annotation of the differentially expressed transcripts revealed several known stress-related genes and pathways uniquely expressed. Genome sequencing of isolates with varied degrees of stress tolerance indicated variation among the isolates regardless of their phenotypic characterization. The obtained data lays the groundwork for future studies aimed at identifying genes and molecular markers as genetic selection tools for enhancement of entomopathogenic nematodes ability to withstand environmental stress conditions.
Associations of oxygenated hemoglobin with disease burden and prognosis in stable COPD: Results from COSYCONET
Authors: Trudzinski F. C. , Jörres R. A. , Alter P. , Kahnert K. , Waschki B. , Herr C. , Kellerer C. , Omlor A. , Vogelmeier C. F. , Fähndrich S. , Watz H. , Welte T. , Jany B. , Söhler S. , Biertz F. , Herth F. , Kauczor H.-U. , Bals R. ,   the COSYCONET consortium, Andreas Stefan , Behr Jürgen , Bewig Burkhard , Buhl Roland , Ewert Ralf , Stubbe Beate , Ficker Joachim H. , Gogol Manfred , Grohé Christian , Hauck Rainer , Held Matthias , Henke Markus , Höffken Gerd , Katus Hugo A. , Kirsten Anne-Marie , Koczulla Rembert , Kenn Klaus , Kronsbein Juliane , Kropf-Sanchen  , Lange Christoph , Zabel Peter , Pfeifer Michael , Randerath Winfried J. , Seeger Werner , Studnicka Michael , Taube Christian , Teschler Helmut , Timmermann Hartmut , Virchow J. Christian , Wagner  , Wirtz Hubert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe studied whether in patients with stable COPD blood gases (BG), especially oxygenated hemoglobin (OxyHem) as a novel biomarker confer information on disease burden and prognosis and how this adds to the information provided by the comorbidity pattern and systemic inflammation. Data from 2137 patients (GOLD grades 1–4) of the baseline dataset of the COSYCONET COPD cohort were used. The associations with dyspnea, exacerbation history, BODE-Index (cut-off ≤2) and all-cause mortality over 3 years of follow-up were determined by logistic and Cox regression analyses, with sex, age, BMI and pack years as covariates. Predictive values were evaluated by ROC curves. Capillary blood gases included SaO2, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, BE and the concentration of OxyHem [haemoglobin (Hb) x fractional SaO2, g/dL] as a simple-to-measure correlate of oxygen content. Inflammatory markers were WBC, CRP, IL-6 and -8, TNF-alpha and fibrinogen, and comorbidities comprised a broad panel including cardiac and metabolic disorders. Among BG, OxyHem was associated with dyspnoea, exacerbation history, BODE-Index and mortality. Among inflammatory markers and comorbidities, only WBC and heart failure were consistently related to all outcomes. ROC analyses indicated that OxyHem provided information of a magnitude comparable to that of WBC, with optimal cut-off values of 12.5 g/dL and 8000/µL, respectively. Regarding mortality, OxyHem also carried independent, additional information, showing a hazard ratio of 2.77 (95% CI: 1.85–4.15, p < 0.0001) for values <12.5 g/dL. For comparison, the hazard ratio for WBC > 8000/µL was 2.33 (95% CI: 1.60–3.39, p < 0.0001). In stable COPD, the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin provided additional information on disease state, especially mortality risk. OxyHem can be calculated from hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation without the need for the measurement of PaO2. It thus appears well suited for clinical use with minimal equipment, especially for GPs.
Efficient uptake and retention of iron oxide-based nanoparticles in HeLa cells leads to an effective intracellular delivery of doxorubicin
Authors: Popescu R. C. , Savu D. , Dorobantu I. , Vasile B. S. , Hosser H. , Boldeiu A. , Temelie M. , Straticiuc M. , Iancu D. A. , Andronescu E. , Wenz F. , Giordano F. A. , Herskind C. , Veldwijk M. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to construct and characterize iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPCO) for intracellular delivery of the anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX; IONPDOX) in order to induce tumor cell inactivation. More than 80% of the loaded drug was released from IONPDOX within 24 h (100% at 70 h). Efficient internalization of IONPDOX and IONPCO in HeLa cells occurred through pino- and endocytosis, with both IONP accumulating in a perinuclear pattern. IONPCO were biocompatible with maximum 27.9% ± 6.1% reduction in proliferation 96 h after treatment with up to 200 µg/mL IONPCO. Treatment with IONPDOX resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in cell proliferation (IC50 = 27.5 ± 12.0 μg/mL after 96 h) and a reduced clonogenic survival (surviving fraction, SF = 0.56 ± 0.14; versus IONPCO (SF = 1.07 ± 0.38)). Both IONP constructs were efficiently internalized and retained in the cells, and IONPDOX efficiently delivered DOX resulting in increased cell death vs IONPCO.
Enhancing carrier transport and carrier capture with a good current spreading characteristic via graphene transparent conductive electrodes in InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well light emitting diodes
Authors: Feng Shih-Wei , Wang Ying-Hsiang , Tsai Chin-Yi , Cheng Tzu-Huan , Wang Hsiang-Chen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-wells light-emitting diodes with and without graphene transparent conductive electrodes are studied with current-voltage, electroluminescence, and time-resolved electroluminescence (TREL) measurements. The results demonstrate that the applications of graphene electrodes on LED devices will spread injection carriers more uniformly into the active region and therefore result in a larger current density, broader luminescence area, and stronger EL intensity. In addition, the TREL data will be further analyzed by employing a 2-N theoretical model of carrier transport, capture, and escape processes. The combined experimental and theoretical results clearly indicate that those LEDs with graphene transparent conductive electrodes at p-junctions will have a shorter hole transport time along the lateral direction and thus a more efficient current spreading and a larger luminescence area. In addition, a shorter hole transport time will also expedite hole capture processes and result in a shorter capture time and better light emitting efficiency. Furthermore, as more carrier injected into the active regions of LEDs, thanks to graphene transparent conductive electrodes, excessive carriers need more time to proceed carrier recombination processes in QWs and result in a longer carrier recombination time. In short, the LED samples, with the help of graphene electrodes, are shown to have a better carrier transport efficiency, better carrier capture efficiency, and more electron-hole recombination. These research results provide important information for the carrier transport, carrier capture, and recombination processes in InGaN/GaN MQW LEDs with graphene transparent conductive electrodes.