bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Cancer Immunotherapy More Hype Than Hope?
Authors: Lesmana Ronny , Hadi Edward J , Goenawan Hanna 
Published: August 2020

The immunosurveillance system in the human body can detect and eradicate abnormal cells. However, cancer cells can avoid immune destruction by exploiting the immunosuppression system. Extensive research has been done to find therapeutic agents that could reverse this condition. Novel drugs called checkpoint inhibitors have been developed and showed a promising result. Besides, “living’’ drug, an engineered T-cells which can accurately target cancer cells, has increased public attention in immunotherapy. These immunotherapies might bring a new era of cancer management, a highly effective and specific treatment with fewer adverse effects.

Keywords: Immunosurveillance; T-Cell; Therapeutic agents; Immunotherapies
THE ENHANCEMENT TODDLER’S APPETITE THROUGH ACUPRESSURE TUI NA
Authors: Widowati Hesty Widowati , Faridah Hanum Sri Mukhodim , Salim Agus - 
Published: August 2020

Difficulty consumption is the complaint of most parents when it comes to paediatricians. Difficult eating continuously results in decreased calorie intake needed so that it can affect the growth and development of children. Acupressure can be a non-pharmacological therapy choice for increasing a child's appetite. Acupressure is a form of physiotherapy by providing massage and stimulation at specific points on the body.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acupressure therapy to increase appetite in infants aged 1-5 years. In this study used pre-experimental design with one group pre post-test approach. The variables in this study were acupressure therapy and appetite. Respondents are children aged 1 to 5 years. The treatment is acupressure therapy six times (every three days). The pretest is done before acupressure therapy with weight measurement and posttest weight measurement after surgery. Paired T Test tested analysis of the two data. The results of this study indicate a T-test correlation of 0.952 with a significance value of 0,000 where α = 5% = 0.005 so that 0,000 <0.005, which means that there is an influence of Tui Na acupressure on increasing toddlers' appetite based on weight gain.
Keywords: Acupressure, Toddler’s appetite
EFFECT OF INJECTABLE COMBINATION ESTROGEN-PROGESTERON AND PROGESTERON-ONLY CONTRACEPTIVES ON GLUCOSE AND MALONDIALALDEHID SERUM
Authors: Prihati Dwi Retna , Paryono Paryono , Rohmawati Wiwin 
Published: August 2020

Injectable hormonal contraception has been the most favorable contraception method in Indonesia in 2013 and its number reaches 4,128,115 acceptors (48.56%). The estrogen and progesterone contents in injectable contraception could cause stress, increased appetite, decreased leptin level and insulin resistance, eventually leading to increased blood glucose and serum malondialaldehyde levels. This study aims to observe the main effect of use of combined estrogen-progesteron and only progesteron injectable hormonal contraceptions on glucose level in blood and malondialaldehyde (MDA) level in serum. This is an experimental laboratory study. It uses Randomized pre-post test group research design for glucose level and randomized post test with control for malondialaldehyde level. The data are analyzed using Anova. The significance value is p<0.01. 28 samples are divided into 7 groups and each group consists of 4 samples, namely one control group and 6 treatment groups consisting of P1 combined dose 0.54 mg, P2 combined dose 1.08 mg, P3 combined dose 1.62 mg, P4 DMPA dose 2.7 mg, P5 DMPA dose 5.4 mg, P6 DMPA dose 8.1 mg. Only DMPA contraception at 0.54 mg dose influences the blood glucose level increase by p = 0.00. Only DMPA contraception at 8.1 mg dose does not influence serum MDA level by p = 0.1. The conclusion is DMPA contraception has greater potential of causing blood glucose level increase than the combined contraception. Combined and DMPA contraceptions share the risk of increasing serum MDA level.
TRANSFER OF HUMAN HAIR EXOCUTICLES ONTO GLASS BY LIQUID CATALASE AND WHOLE BLOOD (REPORTING BLOOD CLUMPING FORMATION WHEN CONTACT WITH KERATIN AS POSSIBLE FACTOR IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS)
Authors: A. Abraham 
Published: August 2020

The genesis of cardiovascular diseases, namely intra-arterial plaques formation leading to heart attacks, strokes and other vascular complication remains unanswered. To date there is accumulated evidence attributing antioxidant activity (toxic materials) of biochemical events in the human body as probable cause for the illness. Experts in the area of cardiovascular diseases have identified a lack of standardization in disease management; therefore, clinical trials comparing antioxidant agents (such as catalase) have been difficult to compare. Experts are also calling for new knowledge in relation to blood antioxidants physiology. Keratin is a chemical present in cellular structures in the body, also present in the human hair root and shaft. This manuscript presents a new finding, which is documentation of a binding capacity of catalase with keratin. Red blood cell are the main carriers of the catalase present in the circulatory system; in this manuscript experiments are introduced in support of a hypothesis adding one additional factor in the genesis of atherosclerosis; which is the protein enzyme catalase ever present in erythrocytes reacting with the keratin present in human arteries via an unknown mechanism.
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES RELATED TO ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS IN LIBYAN SUBJECTS
Authors: Jarari Abdalla M , AlFaydi Abdelaziz MA , Aljarari Nouh MH , Soaeiti Saeid Omar Al , Cheith Kaziri Ibtisam , Sheriff Dhastagir Sultan 
Published: August 2020

Acute cholecystitis and cholelithiasis are one of common health problems of Libyans. [1] Acute cholecystitis or bile gallbladder stones are one of the major surgical problems in the Libyan population and account for many hospital admissions and surgical interventions. This study was done to estimate causes and risk factors of AC among general population of Benghazi city in Libya. Reflux of pancreatic secretions into the biliary duct due to a defect in motility of gallbladder or biliary tree or spastic episodes of Sphincter Oddi may cause injury to gallbladder mucosa and biliary tract which may precipitate acute cholecystitis. Pancreatic biliary reflux (PBR) therefore may cause such reflux of pancreatic juice into gallbladder and biliary tract. This problem is probably related to obesity, cardiovascular disorders (CVD), metabolic syndrome, and dietary habits. Studies on gallstone composition carried out a close link with dietary habits and ethnicity. The biliary composition has been demonstrated by many researches for several years. Gallstone formation is relatively increased with consumption of dietary fats, age and gender.2-3 Estimation of pancreatic amylase in gallbladder bile as well as in serum of patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) may be considered as a biomarker of PB reflux. Serum and bile pancreatic amylase levels as marker for diagnosis of acute cholecystitis" by investigate biliary composition especial alpha amylase pancreatic, total amylase, liver enzymes estimation the correlation between (AST, ALT, ALP and Bilirubin total, C-RP and lipid profile in gallstone disease patients and estimate the correlation between (Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL) concentration in serum and biliary gallbladder, presence of gallstones, age, in both gender patient with gallbladder diseases.
PASTORALISTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON AN INVASIVE ALIEN PLANT PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS AND ITS MANAGEMENT CONTROL IN SIMANJIRO DISTRICT, TANZANIA
Authors: Musese Leticia J. , Macrice Samora A. , Shirima Deo D. , Witt Arne , Kilewa Ramadhan 
Published: August 2020

The Maasai pastoralist community resides in Simanjiro District, Manyara Region, Tanzania. As a pastoralist community they are largely dependent on rangelands as a source of forage for their livestock. However, plant invasions are threatening rangeland productivity, displacing valuable forage species, leading to a reduction in livestock populations. The noxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus has recently been established in Simanjiro District and may pose a significant threat to livelihoods if effective control strategies are not put in place. This study was therefore conducted to determine pastoralists’ understanding of P. hysterophorus in Simanjiro District, Tanzania. Semi-structured and open-ended questionnaires were used to collect information on, among others, the date of introduction, means of spread, area coverage, effects of P. hysterophorus on livestock health and management control for P. hysterophorus. Pastoralists were unaware of when P. hysterophorus was introduced although they mentioned vehicles, people and livestock to be the main vectors of introduction and spread. They confirmed that P. hysterophorus has little/some expanding its range since it was first noticed at the beginning of this decade. Furthermore, most pastoralists were not aware of the effects of Parthenium weed in livestock although few reported it causing distasteful and less milk and diarrhoea after consuming the weed. There were no major efforts in place to control Parthenium weed. Therefore, efforts need to be made to motivate pastoralists through community awareness campaigns to impart knowledge on how to control P. hysterophorus to promote rangeland productivity. Also, community awareness the impacts of the weed on their livestock and human health.
CONTRIBUTION OF AGRO-ECOSYSTEM IN IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL RESILIENCE AMONG FARMERS IN WHITE NILE SUDAN
Authors: Kabbar Reem Fadul , Alfadul Esmail , Babiker Abdelmoneim A. 
Published: August 2020

This paper was designed to assess contribution of agro-ecosystem after intervention in improving agricultural resilience among farmers in White Nile State of Sudan. The study was based on primary data collected from 200 farmers by a questionnaire. A stratified sampling method was followed to select 200 farmers. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage Model of agricultural resilience consisted of two important dependent variables income from agriculture and adaptive capacity of the farmers against the changes in agro-ecosystem. farmers had many practices to adapt with change in agro-ecosystem. The results of analysing the model of agricultural resilience discovered males as more resilient than females. The factors age, years of experience and years of education were found to increase agricultural resilience of the farmers. Moreover, farmers of sesame and peanut were more adaptive to the change in agro-ecosystem than farmers of the sorghum. The study also revealed that farmers benefited significantly from Khor Abu Habil Water. Regarding to the local knowledge of the farmers in the study area there were natural predators helping in defeating insects, the results discovered that negative relationship between the conflicts in the study area and the income from agriculture. The more conflict existing in the area the less income from agriculture will be achieved.
"SHROUD" - THE RELEVANCE OF THE STORY
Authors: K.P. Ushakumari 
Published: August 2020

Ensglish : Dinesh used to do small work in the village. By the way, if these brag which are working for four days, then the next four days are not visible. Calling these people, the gala is happy.
Hindi : दिनेश गाँव में छोटा- मोटा बढ़ाई का काम करता था। वैसे भी ये बड़ाई जो होते है चार दिन अगर काम कर लेते है, तो अगले चार दिन दिखाई नहीं देते। इन लोगो को बुलाते बुलाते गाला सुख जाता है।
Impact of diabetic (diabetes mellitus) patients immune factors on the skin cell viability in vitro
Authors: Mashkova M. A. , Mokhort T. V. , Goranov V. A. 
Published: August 2020

At the moment, a lot of scientific research focused on the role of immune mechanisms in diabetic foot ulcers development and impaired healing. A 3D skin culture system as a relevant skin model may prove valuable in investigating these mechanisms and may be a useful tool to study interactions between different cell types such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells. The aim of our research was to study keratinocytes and fibroblasts viability in co-culture with immune factors of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and patients with diabetes and chronic foot ulcers in a 3D skin culture system. In this study, the multilayer 3D immunocompetent model of human skin comprising keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and mononuclears in an agarose-fibronectin gel was used. The human immortalized keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, and primary fibroblast cell culture isolated from skin samples of healthy man in abdominal surgery were used for the 3D system. For the experiment 20 % serum of 9 patients with chronic diabetic foot ulcers (without active inflammation signs), 9 diabetic type 2 patients and 9 healthy people, and mononuclears of the same groups of patients were used. 9 experimental series with 3 repeats were carried out. Mononuclears of patients with DM2 and DM2 and diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) had a greater inhibitory effect on fibroblasts, significantly inhibiting their proliferation to a level of 83.78 [79.03; 89.53] % vs 70.18 [66.38; 72.10] % vs 95.40 [91.75; 99.05] %, H = 21.259, p <0.001 – DM2, DFS, and the control group, respectively. There was no significant difference in the cytoinhibitory effect of mononuclears on keratinocytes between different groups: 96.40 [92.82; 100.50] % vs 93.61 [86.80; 97.10] % vs 92.87 [85.15; 95.25] %, H = 4.459, p = 0.108 – control, DM2 and DFS group, respectively. Adding serum to the culture system influenced significantly the viability of neither keratynocytes – 99.40 [95.35; 102.05] % vs 98.60 [90.55; 100.40] % vs 94.79 [91.65; 98.16] %, H = 3.030, p = 0.220 nor of fibroblasts – 95.61 [92.39; 100.19] % vs 95.80 [88.99; 102.15] % vs 96.20 [99.69; 88.70] %, H = 0.353, p = 0.838, control, DM2 and DFS group, respectively. It was determined that the fibroblasts vialability significantly decreases after introducing mononuclears of patients with DM and patients with DM and chronic diabetic foot ulcers to the co-culture system. Adding serum of these patient groups to the culture system doesn’t influence significantly the viability of skin cells.
ECONOMIC GROWTH: IMPACT OF LOCALLY-GENERATED REVENUE AND BALANCE FUNDS MODERATED BY CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
Authors: Yanti Novi , Nurtati Nurtati 
Published: August 2020

The allocation of development budget can accelerate the pace of economic growth in the implementation of fiscal decentralization. Through locally-generated revenue management and regional government, balance funds can increase their income through the use of appropriate capital expenditure however economic growth is not always linear with all sources of revenue. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of regional revenue and balance funds partially and simultaneously on capital expenditure and its impact on economic growth. The research method is quantitative with a longitudinal research time-series design. The study was conducted in the Regency / City of West Sumatra Province with secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2009-2018. Research analysis using multiple linear regression test and path analysis. The results showed that Locally-generated revenue, general, and special allocation fund partially and simultaneously have a significant effect on capital expenditure, but the profit-sharing fund partially has no significant effect on capital expenditure. Locally-generated revenue, profit-sharing funds, general and special allocation fund, and capital expenditure partially and simultaneously have a significant effect on economic growth. Likewise, capital expenditure has a positive effect on economic growth which is mediated by locally-generated revenue and special allocation funds, while capital expenditure does not significantly influence economic growth mediated by general allocation funds and profit-sharing funds
Assessment of Patients’ Knowledge, Perception and Safety Regarding MRI Scan
Authors: Shrestha Susmita , Khadka Bibek 
Published: August 2020

Correction: The page numbers on this article were changed from 4-20 to 3-19 on 31/08/2020.
Introduction: We presume that the knowledge of patients about Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) scan is of utmost importance for smooth workflow, patient comfort, patients’ safety and to mitigate patients’ compliance and save valuable scan time. Therefore, the purpose ofthis study was to determine the awareness of patients undergoing MRI scan regarding Knowledge, Perception and Safety.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital from April to September, 2018. Total of 310 patients referred to undergo MRI scan were assessed by a questionnaire form covering 4 parts: Part 1- aimed to gather the socio demographic data such as age, sex, occupation and educational status of patients, Part 2- included the knowledge regarding MRI and its safety, Part 3- comprised the patient perception before MRI scan and Part 4 constituted the patient perception after MRI scan.The form was filled by an investigator oneself in a face to face interview with the patients.
Results: Among 310 patients, 35.2% were illiterate and 19.4% graduated from high school. Majority of 85.5% patients answered that MRI uses harmful ionizing radiation like CT scan and radiography. Almost 43 patients who answered MRI functions in disease treatment also answered decreased in pain after MRI scan (Male = 15 and Female = 28) were in age group between 25 years and 50 years. This study also revealed that majority of 26.8% (i.e. n = 83) patients faced problem as claustrophobia along with anxiety during the scan, out of which 13 patients have history of previous MRI scan.
Conclusions: In our study decrease in pain was higher in diagnosis and treatment answer. Majority of the patients faced anxiety along with claustrophobia during the MRI scan. Assessment of patient knowledge, perception and safety regarding MRI scan can be the key to increase patient compliance and save valuable scan time.
Multi-Parametric Optimisation by Quantitative Assessment of Distribution Index and Area Fraction of Composite
Authors: Sharma A. , Rastogi V. , Agrawal A. Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The mechanical properties of the particulate reinforced composites are profoundly affected by two significant factors, fraction of reinforcement in the matrix and the distribution of the reinforced particles in the matrix. In this paper, a novel approach is adopted where a newly developed distribution index and area fraction of the composites are quantitatively determined through microstructural image analysis method, and the process parameters are optimised for maximum area fraction and minimum distribution index. The distribution index (D
index) is calculated by estimating the free-path spacing within particles. The stir casting process parameters (stirrer rpm, time of stirring, furnace temperature and preheat temperatures) are optimised by Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. The quantitatively assessed responses provide an authentic base for optimisation of process parameters. The experimental responses corresponding to the optimised parameters are within the range of the responses estimated by the confirmation test of optimisation with a 95 % confidence level.
The Development and Characterization of High-Performance Materials: A Retrospective Article
Authors: Clemens H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The subject of this paper is the use of conventional and advanced metallographic techniques for the development and characterization of high-performance materials. It provides the author's personal retrospective, spanning the years from 1980 until the present day and ranging from functional to structural materials. The metallographic techniques discussed in this article include light optical as well as scanning electron microscopy, conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, microprobe and atom probe tomography. Furthermore, additional and complementary procedures such synchrotron radiation and neutrons will be outlined.
الهوية العربية في عالم العولمة
Authors: Ahmad Khalaf Salam 
Published: August 2020

أحد أوجه أزمة الثقافة العربية يتجلى في الوقت الراهن, في الفهم المشوه للهويه, وفي الصراع حول مفاهيم مناقضه لها. المسألة قديمة في بلداننا, لكن الجديد فيها أنها تحولت الى جزء من أزمه المجتمع, وأزمه التطور, وأزمه الثقافة. فاذا كان الخلاف حول العلاقة بين التراث والحداثة, بأسمائها المختلفة, قد عبر, في فترات سابقه, بما في ذلك فترات النهوض, عن اشكاليات الانتقال من التخلف الى التقدم, فأنه يعبر الان, في ظل تفاقم الأزمة العامة عن تراجع في الوعي وعن تراجع في تحديد حاجات التطور الموضوعية لبلداننا, وتحديد المهمات المرتبطة بها . المشكلة حاليا أعمق بكثير من أي وقت مضى, فانهيار المشاريع التي حملت شعارات التحرر والتقدم والعدالة الاجتماعية, باسم الاشتراكية , أو بأسماء أخرى, قد أعطى للمشكلة أبعادا جديدة. وثمة في الصراع الحالي حول الهوية, في علاقتها بالبحث عن حل للازمة القائمة, نهجان خطران, يكمل الواحد منهما الاخر كما يشير الى ذلك كريم مروه - الاول, يرى الحل في التماهي مع كل ما يأتينا من جديد من العالم . ويعتبر التمسك بالتراث عائقا أمام التقدم. فالتقدم, بالنسبة لهذا الفريق, هو عملية مطلقة, وفي الاطلاق , هنا, تغييب لوظيفة التقدم . إذ لا تقدم إلا في الزمان والمكان, وفي الواقع السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي والثقافي والانساني, أي في الخصوصيات القومية, التي فيها تتحدد الهوية. وبهذا الربط بين المكان والزمان والانسان, وبين التقدم, يأخذ التقدم موقعه الصحيح. الثاني, يرى في العودة الى الماضي. أي الى ما يعتبره أنه الاصول , الحل لمشكلاتنا. ويرى المصدر الاساسي للخلل, المتمثل في الازمة القائمة , هو الابتعاد عن التراث ,بهذا المعنى, أي الابتعاد عما يجري تصويره على أنه أساس الهوية الثقافية والحضارية, في شكلها التاريخي المؤدلج.
ويرى هذا الفريق في الخارج عدوا, لمجرد كونه الاخر المختلف , فيرفض كل ما يأتي منه, حتى ولو كان فيه ما يساعد على تقدمنا. ويتعامل معه , حتى ولو كان علوما ومعارف انسانية عامة, كسلعة استهلاكية مفروضة علينا. ويبرز, في صفوف ايديولوجيي الرأسمال المعلوم المتوحش, من ينظر لحتمية هذا النوع من الصراع بين هذين الموقفين الخاطئين, في بلداننا, وفي البلدان التي نلتقي معها في الانتماء الى العالم المتخلف ,من نوع صراع الحضارات, ومن نوع حروب الثقافات , علما بأن صراع الحضارات هو مفهوم مصطنع ,لا تبرره كل عناصر الاختلاف والتمايز القائمة بين الشعوب. أما حروب الثقافات فهي موضوعة مضللة أطلقها مؤدلج الرأسمال المعولم هنننغتون . والواقع هو ثمة ثقافات تنتج, اليوم, وتعمم, عن وعي, من أجل أن تكون مصدرا لحروب مصطنعة , وظاهرة التعصب القومي والديني في الظرف الراهن , لا يمكن اعتبارها , تعبير عن صحوة قوميه, أو صحوة دينية, وهذا الراي لا يقلل من أهمية المسالة القومية , ولا من أهمية المسالة الدينية. ولكنه يرمي الى اعادة الامور الى نصابها, منعا للتشويه, والتزوير (كريم ، 1997 ، ص 11) ..