bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research of thermoelectric effects and their influence on electron beam in the process of welding of dissimilar steels
Authors: Goncharov A L , Sliva A P , Kharitonov I A , Chulkova A V , Terentyev E V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The results of studies of magnetic and thermoelectric properties of pearlite, martensitic and austenitic steels are given. The magnetization curves for the materials under study, as well as dependences of absolute thermoelectric power on the material temperature are obtained. The data of magnetic induction changing at the control points above the welded samples during EBW are achieved. The simulation of the magnetic field distribution during electron beam welding of dissimilar steels under the conditions of the thermopower currents generation is carried out. The shape of the electron beam being deflected in the magnetic field of thermoelectric currents is calculated. The calculated values are compared to the experimental results.
Research of mechanical properties and chemical composition of samples made of aluminium alloy AMg6 and obtained by electron beam additive manufacturing with wire feeding
Authors: Gudenko A V , Grigoriev G V , Sliva A P , Yu Agafonov R , Kasitsyn A N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the definition of mechanical properties, porosity and chemical composition of the samples made of wrought aluminium alloy AMg6 and obtained by electron beam additive manufacturing with wire feeding. It has been established that ultimate strength of the deposited metal is 90 % of the rolled metal. Chemical composition of the samples has not differed significantly from wire. According to rough estimations porosity has not exceeded 0.055%.
Challenges in path planning of high energy density beams for additive manufacturing
Authors: Karunakaran K P , Negi Seema , Nambolan Arun , Patel Ashik , Patil Yogesh , Pandya Milan , Kapil Sajan , Trushnikov Dmitriy , Sealy Michael , Bernard Alain 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As there are no cutting forces in High Energy Density (HED) beams like lasers and Electron Beam (EB), their speeds are limited only by their positioning systems. On the other hand, as the entire matrix of the 3D printed part has to be addressed by the thin beam in multiple passes in multiple layers, they have to travel several kilometers in tiny motions. Therefore, the acceleration of the motion system becomes the limiting factor than velocity or precision. The authors have proposed an area-filling strategy for EB to fill the layer with optimal squares to exploit analog and hardware computing. 3D printing requires uniform intensity slanged as flat hat shape whereas the default is Gaussian. The authors have proposed an optimal algorithm that takes into account the maximum velocity and acceleration for achieving a flat hat without any compromise on productivity.
Express evaluation of welded joints cool resistance
Authors: Matyunin V M , Yu Marchenkov A , Karimbekov M A , Demidov A N , Volkov P V , Abusaif N , Geraskin E I , Zhgut D A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Low-temperature instrumented indentation tests of welded joints are carried out. The effect of metal cooling on indentation diagrams and metal hardness is investigated. Impact strength tests with a gradual decrease in temperature with the identification of the cold brittleness threshold and determination of the critical brittleness temperature for several structural steels are performed. For an express evaluation of a metal cold resistance, the parameter γ is proposed, which is equal to the ratio of hardness at a given low temperature to hardness at room temperature. The relation between the parameter γ and the temperature coefficient of hardness, which is included in the equation describing low-temperature dependence of hardness, is established. For several grades of carbon and alloy steels, the relation between the parameter γ and the critical brittleness temperature T
0.4, determined by the criterion value of impact strength KCV = 0.4 MJ/m2, is established. For welded joints obtained by electron beam welding and arc welding, the values of T
0.4 are determined by the parameter γ in various local zones, including parent metal, heat-affected zone and weld metal. The possibility of establishing the acceptable operation temperature of welded joints using the obtained distributions of the critical brittleness temperature T
0.4 is shown.
Influence of technological parameters of spraying on mechanical properties of gas-dynamic coatings
Authors: Moskvitin G V , Pugachev M S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A methodology for shear and tension “ring tear-off” tests of copper, aluminum, zinc and nickel coatings laid through gas-dynamic spraying has been considered. It has been shown that the shear and tension test methodology permits obtaining dependences of strength of the bond between the coatings and the substrate on their laying temperature. The cohesive strength tension tests of the copper, aluminum, and zinc coatings using the “ring tear-off” method have shown the minimal spread of the values (≤ 5%) at the brittle character of the coating failure, which enhances the plausibility of the obtained mechanical properties.
Computer simulation of metals ionization process during electron-beam welding
Authors: Rodyakina R V , Shcherbakov A V , Gaponova D A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
One of the most actual problems during electron beam welding of metal materials is the determination of the laws of primary electrons interaction with a gas (vapor) flow, taking into account existing and generated (by charged particles) electric fields. The paper is devoted to the development of computer simulation method for the process of electron beam passage through a layer of evaporated metal. The analysis of simulation results showed a significant effect of ionization process on electric field in a gas-vapor channel. It was established that at the initial stage of the process, a region with a positive potential is formed in the lower part of gas-vapor channel, and in its upper part, on the contrary, potential decreases.
Threshold conditions for thermocapillary transition to deep penetration mode in selective laser melting of metal powder bed
Authors: Seidgazov R D , Kh Mirzade F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The keyhole mode of selective laser melting (SLM) of metal powder bed in additive technology is characterized by an intensive hydrodynamic process in a thin molten layer. Such a mode is widely used also in laser and electron beam welding indicating the similarity of hydrodynamic processes in these technologies despite a significant difference of operating parameters. The threshold conditions of thermocapillary keyhole mode transition for various metals (Cu, Fe, Ti) in a wide range of beam parameters used for selective laser melting of metal powder layer and laser welding are investigated. The condition of threshold for thermocapillary transition into keyhole mode by sticking of viscous layer to the solid boundary is formulated. The fulfillment of this condition is confirmed by the convergence of estimated values of the viscous layer thickness and the molten layer depth during the transition to a keyhole mode. Analytical estimates of keyhole threshold and comparisons with experimental values of beam power and spot size corresponding to the transition in keyhole mode for SLM processes and laser welding are presented. The correlation of these values confirms the thermocapillary mechanism of cavity formation and the similarity of hydrodynamic processes in laser welding and SLM processing in keyhole mode at wide range of operating parameters.
Mathematical model of a radial bearing with a low-melting metal coating of design models of hydrodynamic viscoelastic lubricant formed by melting the surface of a bearing bush coated with a metallic low-melting coating
Authors: Akhverdiev K S , Lagunova E O , Mukutadze M A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The work is based on equations of motion of viscoelastic lubricant (Maxwell fluid) for the case of “thin layer”, continuity and the formula of the rate of dissipation of mechanical energy. We found asymptotic solution to the degrees of small parameter K, characterizing the rate of dissipation of mechanical energy. This allows determining the molten surface of the bearing sleeve covered with a fusible metal melt, taking into account the dependence of the viscosity of the lubricant and the shear modulus of pressure in the adiabatic process. For zero approximation under adiabatic process conditions, i.e. without taking into account the melt surface, and a solution for the first approximation, i.e., taking into account the melt surface of the bearing sleeve covered with a fusible metal melt, the exact self-similar solution of the problem with incomplete (pre-emergency) filling of the working gap with a lubricant having viscoelastic properties is found.. On the basis of the results obtained for the zero and first approximation, the bearing capacity and friction force are found at incomplete filling of the working gap with a lubricant. In addition, for verification calculations of the obtained theoretical models, a numerical calculation was carried out and as a result, graphs showing a decrease in the friction coefficient by about 20% were constructed.
Parallel operation of an inverter with an electrical AC network
Authors: Alekseeva T L , Ryabchyonok N L , Astrakhantsev L A , Tikhomirov V A , Astashkov N P , Martusov A L , Alekseev M E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper studies the matters of the interaction of a source of non-sinusoidal current and voltage with a centralized power supply system for the electric energy recuperation during electric braking of rolling stock on the railroads. Revised energy conservation law in electromagnetic field and spectral analysis of non-sinusoidal voltage and current at the output of the inverter have been used to prove the cause of reduced current of RMS voltage in the overhead system. It has been calculated that controlling the active power of recuperation due to the phase shift of the harmonic current components relative to the similar harmonic voltage components is accompanied by a significant increase in the reactive component of the surge current compared to its active component. Losses of active power in the electric stock recuperating heat exchanger make up 83-87 % of the total power loss in the recuperating heat exchanger and in the overhead system. The reactive component of the equalizing current loads the transformers of the traction substations, therefore the voltage on the buses of the substation switchgear decreases. It is proposed to increase the voltage of the overhead system and the traction substation during the recuperation to maintain the minimum phase shift angle of the harmonic components of the non-sinusoidal current relative to the similar harmonic components in the overhead system.
Analysing oil and gas production facilities impact on atmospheric air of Potochnoye field
Authors: Almukhametova E M , Sitdikov R R , Zakirov A I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Environmental issues are always relevant. Nature is subject to constant human intervention. At the same time, associated institutions are being created to solve the tasks of reducing the level of harmful effects and the full restoration of environment. In this article, we assess the level of harmful emissions and wastes of oil and gas complex facilities during drilling, construction of facilities for field development and their operation, and present basic measures to reduce their impact on the air in Potochnoye field. We have examined the amount of emissions and waste from stationary and mobile sources. During wells drilling and facilities construction, the average annual evidence of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere caused by stationary sources will amount to 141.29 tons per year while the pollutant emissions caused by road and construction equipment and vehicles will be equal to 200.8 tons per year. Every year the amount of emissions into the atmosphere caused by the maintenance of the designed facilities will be 13730.9 tons per year, emissions from vehicles will be 47.1 tons per year. During field development, all work on the field should be carried out in compliance with the standards of the legislation of the Russian Federation. Having analyzed the amount of estimated emissions, a set of measures has been drawn up with the objective to reduce the impact of oil and gas complex on atmospheric air.
Verification of knowledge models by means of logic with vector semantics
Authors: Arshinskiy L V , Nitezhuk M S , Dunaev M P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper highlights the method of verification and identification of contradictions in the production knowledge bases using one class of logic with vector semantics, namely VTF-logic. The general verification algorithm is described. It is noted that the use of such logics, while maintaining the need to iterate over the input facts, offers a procedure of direct inference and analysis of the inconsistency only in the case of conclusions-hypotheses, characterized by the value of truth named “complete contradiction”. Tracing back the appropriate chain will identify and resolve the cause of the conflict.
Precision adjustment of electromagnetic emitter of large-scale systems such as GLONASS
Authors: Banshchikov A V , Daneev A V , Rusanov V A , Vetrov A A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The multidimensional nonlinear regression-tensor model is investigated in the substantiation of necessary and sufficient conditions for the optimal multi-factorial process of precision calibration of the parameters of the electromagnetic radiation source in the geostationary orbit (including the large-scale GLONASS system). A robust-adaptive strategy of a posteriori formation of the target functional of electromagnetic observability of a weighted-distributed signal in an established complex of stationary ground points is proposed on the basis of observations of this signal, made with a tolerance.
Application of geodetic devices for the operation of underground pipelines
Authors: Bikbulatova G G , Lyashko S V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The article deals with geodetic devices used for the operation of underground pipelines under the conditions of the northern territories of Russia. The electronic total station Trimble M3, the GPS-device Javad GPS Maxor and the pipeline locators Leica Digicat 650i and Ridgid SeekTech SR-20 are taken into consideration, and their characteristics and accuracy are analyzed.
Determining electromagnetic fields generated by overhead power transmission lines
Authors: Zakaryukin V P , Kryukov A V , Buyakova N V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Under actual operating conditions of electrical networks, it is hard to obtain experimental data that correspond to the maximum levels of the electromagnetic field strengths generated by overhead power transmission lines. Therefore, the analysis of the electromagnetic environment in electric power systems, both at the operated and newly created facilities, is recommended to be performed on the basis of mathematical modeling. The modeling methods and tools developed in IrGUPS and the Fazonord software package implemented on their basis make it possible, after determining the power system mode, to calculate the electromagnetic field strengths generated by multi-wire power transmission lines. In this case, the analyzed lines are considered in close connection with a complex electric power system. To check the adequacy of the simulation, measurements of electric and magnetic field strengths were performed, including comparative calculations for a 110 kV double-circuit line with a ground-wire located within the city. The comparison carried out in rather complex conditions is indicative of the correctness of the method of calculating a multi-wire line electromagnetic field developed in IrGUPS.
Search for additional criteria to estimate the electrical connection state under the impact of currents of different value
Authors: Ignatenko I V , Vlasenko S A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper reports on search for additional criteria to estimate the electrical connection state in the operating mode characterized by abrupt change in electric current parameters. The results obtained in the course of theoretical studies are based on the use of methods of mathematical and experimental modeling of thermal processes in electrical connections of a traction power supply system. New criteria for estimating the state of the electrical connection for cyclic traction load have been found out. Investigation of the defectiveness ratio in the “heating-cooling” cycle makes it possible to estimate the current state of the electrical connection under service conditions.
Experimental study of profile connections of auxiliary tool multi-purpose machines in cyclic loading
Authors: Ilyinykh V. A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
At present wide application in the machine tool industry has a professional connection with equiaxed circuit. These torque transmission connections have a number of operational advantages over traditionally used such as: high accuracy, stiffness, wear resistance, strength and vibration resistance. The practice of using these compounds in the critical nodes of metal-cutting machines in particular multi-purpose CNC machines has shown that these compounds have high flexibility in the requirements for reusable assemblies of the connection when replacing technological sets of tools. Experimental studies of these compounds of models made of optically active material allowed us to study the processes of contact interaction of parts of the compound under cyclic loading.
Study of the operation of high-frequency electrical plants of railway consumers
Authors: Pultyakov A V , Arsentiev O V , Kopanev M V , Alexeenko V A , Arsentiev G O , Shtykin E S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the issues of improving the quality of electricity in the networks of nontraction railway consumers through the use of energy routers. Model studies of the electricity supply system of railways with high-frequency routers were carried out. Results have been obtained that allow using energy routers to supply electricity to plants of railway consumers with increased requirements for electric power quality. The article presents the results of the calculation of the high-frequency transformer and its experimental characteristics obtained in the study of high-frequency electrical plants of consumers.
Reactive power sources control in railroad power supply systems
Authors: Kryukov A V , Kutsyi A P , Cherepanov A V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article presents computer modeling results for AC railroads power supply system modes. It considers various methods of connection of controlled reactive power sources (RPS). It is shown that the various problems of stabilizing the voltage levels in the traction network and reducing electrical energy losses can be solved. The computer-aided modeling indicates that to install RPS into all phases of traction substations is the best way to stabilize voltage levels in traction networks and reduce electrical energy losses. When the reactive power sources are present in the free phase, traction network losses increase in comparison with the option when the RPS are not present. The installation of sources in the retarding or leading phase allows stabilizing voltage in the load utilizing equipment, reducing losses and non-symmetry in supply mains. The best option in terms of electrical energy losses is connecting the RPS to the leading phase. In terms of non-symmetry in supply mains, the best performance is produced when the RPS are installed in the retarding phase.
Determination of the area of robust stability of the system with a PID controller
Authors: Kutsyi N N , Malanova T V , Kutsyi A P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An approach has been proposed to determine the area of change in the parameters of the controlled plant by the example of a system with PID controller. The search for ranges of parameter changes is based on the solution of the nonlinear programming problem, which is obtained as a conclusion of V.L. Kharitonov’s theorem on the robust stability of linear systems.
Applying information technologies to a bulldozer design
Authors: Leskovets I V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An analysis of the application of information technology in transport and technological machines is presented. The features of the use of information technology in the design and operation of transport equipment are given. The objectives of applying information technology at the stage of machine design are determined. The information model of the bulldozer is presented as the system comprising external environment – working equipment – caterpillar track - frame - transmission - engine - operator. A dynamic model of the bulldozer has been developed. Mathematical models of the elements of the dynamic model are presented. Also, characteristics are given which reflect the processes occurring during technological operations when using the bulldozer for carrying out excavation works. It has been established that the information model of the bulldozer makes it possible to obtain data to calculate loading of the bulldozer elements and to optimize selection of the best machine parameters at the stage of functional design.
Generation of a rational training sample when predicting power consumption for train traction
Authors: Osipova V.E. , Yakovlev D.A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper considers peculiarities of forecasting in the field of railroad facilities based on approximation of time series and neural networks. The objects of traction power supply of the Transbaikal Railway are considered as the object of the study. Forecasting on the basis of approximation for consumers with maximum power consumption increases the accuracy of forecasting the electric energy consumption by 4…7%. The application of neural networks in forecasting of power consumption allows reducing the value of error to 2%, thus leading to significant reduction of costs for fuel and energy balance of a structural division or an enterprise as a whole.
Increasing efficiency of braking control algorithm for a two-wheeled motorcycle
Authors: Melnikov A S , Kim V A , Melnikov A A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a new method for improving the efficiency of the braking control algorithm for a two-wheeled motorcycle. The method is based on the use of high quality information sources - direct measurement and analysis of forces in the wheel-road contact. The criterion for generating control signals by actuators is based on the negative sign of derivatives of lateral forces acting on wheels with respect to time. Experimental studies have shown that the negative sign of lateral force derivatives with respect to time determines side slip of wheels relative to the road surface. The consequence of the sideslip is loss of vehicle stability. The algorithm for generating vehicle control signals, which is based on the negative sign of the lateral force derivative with respect to time, is, to some extent, analogous to modern ESP systems (electronic stability control systems), which are currently being actively installed in two-wheeled vehicles (motorcycles).
Voltage regulation characteristics of a two-pack synchronous generator with combined excitation
Authors: Toporkov D M , Popov I L , Blinov A A , Kravchenko D P , Kovtun M A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The design, principle of operation, method for determining the inductance and the algorithm for plotting the voltage regulation characteristics of a two-packet synchronous generator with a combined excitation are described in this article. Characterization and inductance calculation were carried out for a prototype having a power of 11 kW, number of phases - 3, frequency of induced EMF in the AC winding - 550 Hz, number of pole pairs - 11.