bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition and protective effect of guava (Psidium guajavaL.) leaf extract on piglet intestines
Authors: Wang Dingfa , Zhou Luli , Zhou Hanlin , Hu Haichao , Hou Guanyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDietary intervention is an important approach to improve intestinal function of weaned piglets. Phytogenic and herbal products have received increasing attention as in‐feed antibiotic alternatives. This study investigated the chemical composition of guava leaf extract (GE) by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). Meanwhile, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with GE on diarrhea in relation to immune responses and intestinal health in weaned piglets challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC).RESULTSIn total, 323 characterized compounds, which including 91 phenolic compounds and 232 other compounds were identified. Animal experiment results showed that the supplementation of 50–200 mg kg−1 of GE in the diet could reduce diarrhea incidence, increase activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and total anti‐oxidant capacity in the serum (P < 0.05), decrease the levels of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α in the serum or jejunum mucosa (P < 0.05), and increase villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05) in the jejuna of piglets challenged by oral ETEC compared with negative control group (NC). Meanwhile, diet supplementation with 50–200 mg kg−1 GE reduced the levels of D‐lactate, endothelin‐1 and diamine oxidase in the serum, and increased the expression of zonula occludens‐1, Claudin‐1, Occludin and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (P < 0.05) in the jejuna mucosa of piglets challenged by ETEC compared with the NC.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggested that GE could attenuate diarrhea and improve intestinal barrier function of piglets challenged by ETEC. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Implantable Doppler Ultrasound Monitoring in Head and Neck Free Flaps: Balancing the Pros and Cons
Authors: Hayler Raymond , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) , Fung Kevin , Nichols Anthony C. , MacNeil S. Danielle , Yoo John 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisFree flap transfer offers a versatile option for reconstruction in head and neck surgery, with success rates over 95%. There remains a substantial re‐exploration rate of roughly 5% to 15%, with early recognition of compromise essential to flap survival. Monitoring techniques are highly desirable, with the gold standard being clinical monitoring. The Cook‐Swartz Doppler (CSD) probe utilizes Doppler technology to inform clinicians about real‐time flow. We aim to describe our adoption of this technology in 100 consecutive free flaps.Study DesignProspective case series.MethodsProspective data were collected from July 2014 to June 2015 on 100 consecutive free flaps performed at a head and neck unit in London, Ontario. All patients had a CSD inserted for arterial and venous monitoring.ResultsA total of 100 free flaps were performed on 99 patients. Sensitivity was 87.1% and specificity was 85.7%. Positive predictive value was 98.8% and negative predictive value was 33.3%. False‐negative and false‐positive rate were 1.0% and 12.0%, respectively. The exploration rate was 12%, with no flap loss and two partial debridements. The CSD was helpful in management in 9% of cases and was clinically unhelpful in 11% of cases, with 10 of 11 abnormal signals ignored. There were three unique CSD complications; one retained wire, one pedicle laceration during extraction, and one clot around the probe interrupting signal.ConclusionsThe CSD is a helpful adjunct to clinical monitoring but has unique complications, which were not previously described. Pros and cons must be considered for new centers adopting this technology.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1854–E1859, 2021
Hierarchical Cellular Poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) with High Flame Retardancy, Mechanical Robustness, and Heat Resistance at Extreme Situation
Authors: Liu Chuanyong , Wang Liang , Cai Jie , Xia Zhaopeng , Qin Liming , Chen Rouxi , Liu Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh‐performance cellular foams with superior mechanical properties and heat resistance are urgently needed to fulfill the applications in extreme environments. However, they are difficult to be prepared because of low gas diffusion rate in high‐performance polymers. In this work, a facile solution‐foaming strategy to prepare multifunctional foams based on poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) is reported. The achieved PMIA foams show a hierarchically cellular structure containing macropores and mesopores. Due to their high porosity, the PMIA foams exhibit low thermal conductivity (0.0447–0.0498 W m−1 K−1) and high sound absorption coefficient at different frequency. A bimodal distribution on acoustic absorption is observed. With a bulk density range of 0.089–0.122 g cm−3, PMIA foams possess compressive moduli of 3.2–14.2 MPa and bending strength of 1.1–2.1 MPa, respectively. Moreover, they exhibit a recoverable deformation of 55.4% after 10 cycling 10% strain compressions and maintain a dimensional stability under harsh environment (–196 to 250 °C). Despite generated byproducts like polyurea, they still show a limiting oxygen index (25.2–26.3%) and relatively low heat release rate (178.3 kW m−2). This work provides a facile strategy to efficiently prepare high‐performance PMIA foams for broad application prospects.
Design of an ultra‐wideband coplanar strip‐to‐parallel stripline transition using an analytical model based on conformal mapping
Authors: Lee Gwan Hui , Kim Dong Hwi , Mohyuddin Wahab , Kumar Sachin , Choi Hyun Chul , Kim Kang Wook 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new design method of an ultra‐wideband coplanar strip (CPS)‐to‐parallel stripline (PSL) transition is presented. The proposed design is based on an analytical transition model obtained by conformal mapping. The proposed transition consists of a CPS‐to‐asymmetric PSL transition and an asymmetric PSL‐to‐PSL transition. The conductor shapes of the transition at top and bottom sides of the substrate are adjusted to obtain the optimal impedance matching and smooth field transformation. For measurements, the proposed transition is designed in a back‐to‐back configuration. To verify the proposed design, two transitions with different substrates are designed and fabricated. The PSL impedance is set at 50 Ω, but the CPS impedances are set at 147 and 120 Ω, respectively. The measured insertion loss of <1 dB and return loss of >10 dB have been obtained for more than 30 and 20 GHz bandwidths, respectively.
Good urodynamic practice: Pressure signal quality immediately after catheter insertion for cystometry with a water‐filled pressure transducer system and its relevance for the ICS zero procedure
Authors: Rosier Peter F. W. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study aims to evaluate the intracorporeal pressures immediately after the insertion of the catheters for urodynamic testing with a water‐filled urodynamic pressure transducer system to determine the relevance of the International Continence Society (ICS) zeroing principles.MethodsHere, a retrospective analysis of a random series of urodynamic recordings is performed. The initial pressures, immediately after the insertion of the catheters, have been compared with the pressures after some milliliters of filling and flushing away of the gel, used with insertion, and/or the mucus and debris from the inserted catheters. Differences of initially recorded intravesical and intrarectal pressures from those after flushing and filling are analyzed and associated with the ICS standard practice of zeroing.ResultsStatistically and clinically significant differences between the initial pressures and the pressures after filling and flushing are observed, with nonphysiological initial pressures in 62% of the studies. Some filling (20 ml or more in the bladder) and flushing of the pressure channels resulted in the registration of physiological pressures and synchronous response from both lines on abdominal pressure increases.ConclusionsThe pressure signal quality of a water‐filled urodynamic system immediately after catheter insertion is low with inaccurately displayed pressure values, but it changes to normal after flushing the pressure channels and some filling. Rezeroing of the intracorporeal pressures immediately after catheter insertion for cystometry is the inappropriate correction procedure that misleadingly modifies the false initial pressures, resulting in ongoing unrealistic urodynamic study pressures.
Phase field modeling of coupled crystal plasticity and deformation twinning in polycrystals with monolithic and splitting solvers
Authors: Ma Ran , Sun WaiChing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor some polycrystalline materials such as austenitic stainless steel, magnesium, TATB, and HMX, twinning is a crucial deformation mechanism when the dislocation slip alone is not enough to accommodate the applied strain. To predict this coupling effect between crystal plasticity and deformation twinning, we introduce a mathematical model and the corresponding monolithic and operator splitting solvers that couple the crystal plasticity material model with a phase field twining model such that the twinning nucleation and propagation can be captured via an implicit function. While a phase field order parameter is introduced to quantify the twinning induced shear strain and corresponding crystal reorientation, the evolution of the order parameter is driven by the resolved shear stress on the twinning system. To avoid introducing an additional set of slip systems for dislocation slip within the twinning region, we introduce a Lie algebra averaging technique to determine the Schmid tensor throughout the twinning transformation. Three different numerical schemes are proposed to solve the coupled problem, including a monolithic scheme, an alternating minimization scheme, and an operator splitting scheme. Three numerical examples are utilized to demonstrate the capability of the proposed model, as well as the accuracy and computational cost of the solvers.
A stable computational approach to analyze semi‐relativistic behavior of fractional evolutionary problems
Authors: Hamid Muhammad , Usman Muhammad , Wang Wei , Tian Zhenfu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe current work is related to the development of a hybrid semi‐spectral computational scheme based on multidimensional Chelyshkov polynomials (CPs). One dimensional traditional CPs have been efficiently converted to multidimensional Chelyshkov polynomials (MDCPs) and used to construct some novel operational matrices of fractional‐order derivatives. A method is developed via obtained polynomials as the Chelyshkov polynomial method (CPM) and further coupled with a finite difference scheme (FDM) and named as a semi‐spectral method (SSM). The method is used to evaluate the results of nonlinear evolutionary problems of fractional order where the space domain is collocated via CPM and the time variable is discretized through FDM. The stability analysis of the proposed scheme is proved to show its mathematical authenticity. Additionally, the reported study is evidence that the proposed methodology is reasonable in terms of accuracy, efficiency and low‐cost to tackle the nonlinear problem in higher dimensions while could be further modified for other class of dynamical problems.
Is fall self‐efficacy an independent predictor of recurrent fall events in older adults? Evidence from a 1‐year prospective study
Authors: Yang Rumei , Pepper Ginette A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFalls, which are prevalent among older adults, may not only cause severe physical injuries, but also lead to low fall self‐efficacy (FSE). Low FSE is associated with restricted activity, which putatively increases risk of future falls. However, emerging studies have failed to confirm this association. Furthermore, the interplay between age, gender, and fall history with falls has not been adequately addressed in adults aged 70 years or older. The aims of this secondary analysis were to: (1) prospectively explore the association of FSE and fall events considering age, gender, and fall history, and (2) examine the characteristics of fall events and fall‐related outcomes. Forty‐seven community‐dwelling adults over 70 years of age were followed for about 12 months. During the follow‐up, 22 participants with low FSE experienced 119 fall events whereas 25 participants with high FSE reported 106 fall events. Among fallers, 72.3% (n = 34) experienced recurrent fall events. About 15.0% (n = 34) of 225 fall events resulted in injuries and 4.0% of injuries required medical care. FSE was a statistically significant predictor of future fall events (incident rate ratio = 0.96, p = .013) regardless of age, gender, and fall history. Participants with low FSE were more likely than those with high FSE to fall more frequently without noticeable prodromal symptoms and apparent reasons. These findings suggest that FSE is an important protective factor against future fall events. However, interpretation of these results requires caution given the small sample size and effect size.
Bridewealth1and the Autonomy of Women in Melanesia
Authors: Sykes Karen M. , Jourdan Christine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConsidering bridewealth in Melanesia from the angle of women's autonomy, in this introduction we review and analyse the various elements of this marriage practice that reveal its place in the symbolic, social and economic worlds of women. With an accent on social transformation, we discuss women's autonomy and agency in relation to the constraints that bridewealth puts on their lives, and on how they engage with it. Knowing what bridewealth is, and how the rules of reciprocity that it indexes obligate married women, the focus is on women's ability to act within these constraints or to redefine their contours, particularly with regards to economic and reproductive agency. The article, which serves also as the introduction for the special issue on bridewealth in the journalOceania, discusses themes analysed in the collection, such as the moral prospects of bridewealth today, its relation to ‘capital’ in twenty‐first century Oceania, the triad value/valuables/valuers, and the empowerment of women. It concludes with thoughts on gender inequality.
A Randomized Phase II Study of Sequential Eribulin Versus Paclitaxel Followed by FAC/FEC as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Patients with Operable HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Lim Bora , Song Juhee , Ibrahim Nuhad K. , Koenig Kimberly B. , Chavez-MacGregor Mariana , Ensor Joe E. , Gomez Jill Schwartz , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Caudle Abigail S. , Shaitelman Simona F. , Whitman Gary J. , Valero Vicente 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Lessons Learned
The combination of eribulin with 5-fluorouracil, either doxorubicin or epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC/FEC) was not superior to the combination of paclitaxel with FAC/FEC and was associated with greater hematologic toxicity. Eribulin followed by an anthracycline-based regimen is not recommended as a standard neoadjuvant therapy in nonmetastatic operable breast cancer.

Background
Neoadjuvant systemic therapy is the standard of care for locally advanced operable breast cancer. We hypothesized eribulin may improve the pathological complete response (pCR) rate compared with paclitaxel.

Methods
We conducted a 1:1 randomized open-label phase II study comparing eribulin versus paclitaxel followed by 5-fluorouracil, either doxorubicin or epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC/FEC) in patients with operable HER2-negative breast cancer. pCR and toxicity of paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 weekly for 12 doses or eribulin 1.4 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle for 4 cycles followed by FAC/FEC were compared.

Results
At the interim futility analysis, in March 2015, 51 patients (28 paclitaxel, 23 eribulin) had received at least one dose of the study drug and were thus evaluable for toxicity; of these, 47 (26 paclitaxel, 21 eribulin) had undergone surgery and were thus evaluable for efficacy. Seven of 26 (27%) in the paclitaxel group and 1 of 21 (5%) in the eribulin group achieved a pCR, and this result crossed a futility stopping boundary. In the paclitaxel group, the most common serious adverse events (SAEs) were neutropenic fever (grade 3, 3 patients, 11%). In the eribulin group, nine patients (39%) had neutropenia-related SAEs, and one died of neutropenic sepsis. The study was thus discontinued. For the paclitaxel and eribulin groups, the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rates were 81.8% and 74.0% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.549; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.817–2.938; p = .3767), and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 100% and 84.4% (HR, 5.813; 95% CI, 0.647–52.208; p = .0752), respectively.

Conclusion
We did not observe a higher proportion of patients undergoing breast conservation surgery in the eribulin group than in the paclitaxel group. The patients treated with eribulin were more likely to undergo mastectomy and less likely to undergo breast conservation surgery, but the difference was not statistically significant.
As neoadjuvant therapy for operable HER2-negative breast cancer, eribulin followed by FAC/FEC is not superior to paclitaxel followed by FAC/FEC and is associated with a higher incidence of neutropenia-related serious adverse events.
CDKN1B mutation and copy number variation are associated with tumor aggressiveness in luminal breast cancer
Authors: Viotto Davide , Russo Francesca , Anania Ilaria , Segatto Ilenia , Rampioni Vinciguerra Gian Luca , Dall'Acqua Alessandra , Bomben Riccardo , Perin Tiziana , Cusan Martina , Schiappacassi Monica , Gerratana Lorenzo , D'Andrea Sara , Citron Francesca , Vit Filippo , Musco Lorena , Mattevi Maria Chiara , Mungo Giorgia , Nicoloso Milena S , Sonego Maura , Massarut Samuele , Sorio Roberto , Barzan Luigi , Franchin Giovanni , Giorda Giorgio , Lucia Emilio , Sulfaro Sandro , Giacomarra Vittorio , Polesel Jerry , Toffolutti Federica , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Puglisi Fabio , Gattei Valter , Vecchione Andrea , Belletti Barbara , Baldassarre Gustavo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe CDKN1B gene, encoding for the CDK inhibitor p27kip1, is mutated in defined human cancer subtypes, including breast, prostate carcinomas and small intestine neuroendocrine tumors. Lessons learned from small intestine neuroendocrine tumors suggest that CDKN1B mutations could be subclonal, raising the question of whether a deeper sequencing approach could lead to the identification of higher numbers of patients with mutations. Here, we addressed this question and analyzed human cancer biopsies from breast (n = 396), ovarian (n = 110) and head and neck squamous carcinoma (n = 202) patients, using an ultra‐deep sequencing approach. Notwithstanding this effort, the mutation rate of CDKN1B remained substantially aligned with values from the literature, showing that essentially only hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer displayed CDKN1B mutations in a relevant number of cases (3%). However, the analysis of copy number variation showed that another fraction of luminal breast cancer displayed loss (8%) or gain (6%) of the CDKN1B gene, further reinforcing the idea that the function of p27kip1 is important in this type of tumor. Intriguingly, an enrichment for CDKN1B alterations was found in samples from premenopausal luminal breast cancer patients (n = 227, 4%) and in circulating cell‐free DNA from metastatic luminal breast cancer patients (n = 59, 8.5%), suggesting that CDKN1B alterations could correlate with tumor aggressiveness and/or occur later during disease progression. Notably, many of the identified somatic mutations resulted in p27kip1 protein truncation, leading to loss of most of the protein or of its C‐terminal domain. Using a gene‐editing approach in a luminal breast cancer cell line, MCF‐7, we observed that the expression of p27kip1 truncating mutants that lose the C‐terminal domains failed to rescue most of the phenotypes induced by CDKN1B gene knockout, indicating that the functions retained by the C‐terminal portion are critical for its role as an oncosuppressor, at least in luminal breast cancer. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Silica‐reinforced ethylene propylene diene monomer/polypropylene thermoplastic vulcanizates with interfacial compatibilized by methylacrylate
Authors: Xiong Jianxiang , Cui Rui , Xu Chuanhui , Ding Jianping , Chen Yukun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIncreasing the interfacial adhesion with compatibilizer has been proved to be an effective method to enhance the mechanical properties of composites. In this paper, sodium methacrylate (NaMAA) was introduced to enhance the interfacial adhesion between polypropylene (PP) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) via the peroxide‐induced dynamic vulcanization. NaMAA‐induced compatibilization enhanced the phase interface efficaciously and reduced the diameter of EPDM particles from ~8 to ~4 μm. Silica (SiO2) was used in the matrix to improve the mechanical properties of the thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). It was found that SiO2had little influence on the compatibility between EPDM and PP; however, it improved the tensile strength and stiffness of the TPVs without a severe reduction in the elasticity. The interfacial compatibility of modified EPDM/PP TPVs was verified by Fourier transform infrared, rubber process analyzer, and scanning electron microscope. With 3 wt% of NaMAA and 12 wt% of SiO2, the tensile strength improved from 8.5 to 12.7 MPa and the elongation at break was ranged from 320% to 410%.
Advances in personalized medicine and noninvasive diagnostics in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Maldonado Angela Q. , West‐Thielke Patricia , Joyal Kayla , Rogers Christin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPersonalized medicine has been a mainstay and in practice in transplant pharmacotherapy since the advent of the field. Decisions pertaining to the diagnosis, selection, and monitoring of transplant pharmacotherapy are aimed toward the individual, the allograft, and the overall immunologic needs of the patient. Recent advances in pharmacogenomics, noninvasive biomarkers, and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have the promise of transforming the way we individualize treatment and monitor allograft function. Pharmacogenomic testing can provide clinicians with additional data that can minimize toxicity and maximize therapeutic dosing in high‐risk patients, leading to more informed decisions that may decrease the risk of rejection and adverse outcomes related to immunosuppressive therapies. Development of noninvasive strategies to monitor allograft function may offer safer and more convenient methods to detect allograft injury. Cell free DNA and gene expression profiling offer the potential to serve as “liquid biopsies” minimizing the risk to patients and providing clinicians with useful molecular data that may help individualize immunosuppression and rejection treatment. Use of big data in transplant and novel AI platforms, such as the iBox, hold tremendous promise in providing clinicians a “glimpse into the future” thereby allowing for a more individualized approach to immunosuppressive therapy that may minimize future adverse outcomes. Advances in diagnostics, laboratory science, and AI have made the application of personalized medicine even more tailored for solid organ transplant recipients. In this perspective, we summarize the current and emerging tools available, literature supporting use, and the horizon for future personalization of transplantation.