bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of bacteria in pancreatic fistula fluid with complications after pancreatic surgery
Authors: Demir E , Abdelhai K , Demir I E , Jäger C , Scheufele F , Schorn S , Rothe K , Friess H , Ceyhan G O 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Pancreatic fistula (PF) is a common complication after pancreatic surgery. It is unclear how microbes in PF fluid affect outcomes and which microbes are present after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and distal pancreatectomy (DP). The aim of this study was to compare the microbiological spectrum of PF fluid after PD versus DP, and its association with postoperative complications.

Methods
Bacterial strains and antibiotic resistance rates of bacterial swabs obtained from the PF fluid of patients who underwent DP or PD were analysed. Cultured bacteria were classified as Enterobacterales and as ‘other intestinal and non-intestinal microorganisms’ based on whether they are typically part of the normal human intestinal flora.

Results
A total of 847 patients had a pancreatic resection (PD 600; DP 247) between July 2007 and December 2016. Clinically relevant PF was detected in 131 patients (15·5 per cent). Bacterial swabs were obtained from 108 patients (DP 47; PD 61), of which 19 (17·6 per cent) were sterile. Enterobacterales were detected in 74 per cent of PF fluid swabs after PD, and in 34 per cent after DP. Infected, polymicrobial or multidrug-resistant PF fluid was more common after PD (rates of 95, 50 and 48 per cent respectively) than after DP (66, 26 and 6 per cent respectively). Patients with higher grade complications (Clavien–Dindo grade IV–V) or grade C PF had more Enterobacterales and multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in the PF fluid after DP.

Conclusion
Enterobacterales and multidrug-resistant bacteria are detected frequently after PD and DP, and are associated with more severe complications and PF in patients undergoing DP.
Chemical Constituents from Sargassum fusiforme (Harv.) Setch.
Authors: Wang Si‐Yu , Xiang Jun , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Wei Xia , Zhang Qi , Du Xian‐Hua , Hu Jin‐Shan , Wang Yu‐Mei , Zhang Cui‐Xian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of Sargassum fusiforme (Harv.) Setch. led to the discovery of fifteen secondary metabolites, including three sterols, three monoterpenes, five nitrogenous compounds, two fatty acids, and two others. Among them, two compounds are new, while the other thirteen compounds were isolated from S. fusiforme for the first time. The structures of the two new compounds were identified by NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS data analyses, and the absolute configurations were established by comparing the calculated and experimental ECD spectroscopic data.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Spiro Pyrrolidone Derivatives via DBU‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Vinylogous Aldol‐Michael Cascade Reaction
Authors: Liu Dandan , Wang Jiansheng , Liu Wenqin , Zhang Fang‐Lin , Zhou Yirong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new DBU‐catalyzed vinylogous aldol‐Michael cascade strategy was developed for highly efficient construction of polycyclic heterocycles bearing a spiro pyrrolidone unit. Readily available o‐succinimide‐substituted benzaldehydes and 2(5H)‐furanone were utilized as bifunctional starting materials, both of which possess two potential reactive sites. Good to high yields were achieved under mild metal‐free conditions, along with the excellent diastereoselective generation of four adjacent stereogenic centers. This newly developed methodology provided an efficient and complementary synthetic approach to access spiro pyrrolidone derivatives.
Synthesis and Characterization of Telmisartan‐Derived Cell Death Modulators to Circumvent Imatinib Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Schoepf Anna M. , Salcher Stefan , Hohn Verena , Veider Florina , Obexer Petra , Gust Ronald 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNew strategies to eradicate cancer stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) include a combination of imatinib with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligands. Recently, we identified the partial PPARγ agonist telmisartan as effective sensitizer of resistant K562 CML cells to imatinib treatment. Here, the importance of the heterocyclic core on the cell death‐modulating effects of the telmisartan‐derived lead 4′‐((2‐propyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐carboxylic acid (3 b) was investigated. Inspired by the pharmacodynamics of HYL‐6d and the selective PPARγ ligand VSP‐51, the benzimidazole was replaced by a carbazole or an indole core. The results indicate no correlation between PPARγ activation and sensitization of resistant CML cells to imatinib. The 2‐COOH derivatives of the carbazoles or indoles achieved low activity at PPARγ, while the benzimidazoles showed 60‐100 % activation. Among the 2‐CO2CH3 derivatives, only the ester of the lead (2 b) slightly activated PPARγ. Sensitizing effects were further observed for this non‐cytotoxic 2 b (80 % cell death), and to a lesser extent for the lead 3 b or the 5‐Br‐substituted ester of the benzimidazoles (5 b).
Effect of deficit irrigation on physiology and forage yield of forage sorghum, pearl millet, and corn
Authors: Bhattarai Bishwoyog , Singh Sukhbir , West Charles P. , Ritchie Glen L. , Trostle Calvin L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe declining Ogallala aquifer in the Texas High Plains may no longer meet the irrigation requirement to produce high water‐demanding forage crops like silage corn (Zea mays L.) to support a large number of beef and dairy enterprises. Forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) can be viable alternatives to silage corn due to their relative drought tolerance than silage corn. A field experiment was conducted at New Deal, TX to assess and compare the physiology, forage yield, and nutrient composition of the brown midrib (BMR) forage sorghum, BMR pearl millet, and corn under deficit irrigation in 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted in a split‐plot design with three irrigation levels (I0 [50 mm], I1 [200 mm], and I2 [350 mm]) as main‐plot and five cultivars (P1498AM [corn], AF7401 and Silo700D [BMR sorghum], and Epic and Exceed [BMR pearl millet]) as sub‐plot with four replications. The higher leaf water potential (LWP), stomatal conductance, and leaf area index resulted in greater biomass assimilation in I2 compared to I1 and I0 irrigation treatments in both years. Sorghum and pearl millet cultivars showed lower water status through lower LWP and canopy‐air temperature difference compared to corn cultivar. However, sorghum cultivars yielded greater fresh biomass than pearl millet and corn in both years. Lower lignin concentration and higher digestible energy were observed in corn, followed by pearl millet and sorghum. These results suggest that under water‐stress conditions BMR sorghum can produce higher forage yield with acceptable nutritive value.
A design of cellular automata‐based PUF and its implementation on FPGA
Authors: Goncu Emre , Yalcin Mustak Erhan 
Published: April 2020

SummarySince the number of networked devices increases continuously, ensuring the safety and reliability of these systems is growing at the same time. Today, a unique identity of a device can be obtained from physical unclonable functions (PUFs) and this identity as a trust anchor in higher‐level security architectures. This article is exploring the cellular automaton (CA) paradigm to extract and magnify unique features of the underlying hardware to uniquely identify a device. The proposed PUF is based on a field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) implementation of CA with random memory (CARM) model. Implementation of the memory part of CARM is the challenge of the introduced PUF, and corresponding response is obtained from the introduced evolution figure metric. The uniqueness and reliability of the PUF hardware are compared with the results from the state‐of‐the‐art PUF designs implemented on FPGA in the literature. The test results show that the introduced CA‐based design is a promising and competitive candidate for PUF primitives.
The “nonideal” drain‐loaded source‐follower and accurate differential‐amplifier analysis
Authors: Hasan S.M. Rezaul 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis paper presents an elegant technique for the mid‐band analysis of a “nonideal” drain‐loaded source‐follower. The analysis of the drain‐loaded source‐follower is then applied to the superposition‐based mismatch differential‐gain analysis of a differential amplifier. This novel technique provides a more comprehensive mismatch gain analysis of the differential amplifier compared to that available in text books and other published sources. The presented analysis of a “nonideal” drain‐loaded source‐follower has not been reported before in open literature in any form. This new method renders the need for the well‐known and commonly employed “voltage‐divider” form of the source‐follower analysis unnecessary. A more accurate differential‐amplifier mismatch gain expression is attained using a much simpler source‐follower mid‐band analysis technique.
Variation in brown rat cranial shape shows directional selection over 120 years in New York City
Authors: Puckett Emily E. , Sherratt Emma , Combs Matthew , Carlen Elizabeth J. , Harcourt‐Smith William , Munshi‐South Jason 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUrbanization exposes species to novel environments and selection pressures that may change morphological traits within a population. We investigated how the shape and size of crania and mandibles changed over time within a population of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) living in Manhattan, New York, USA, a highly urbanized environment. We measured 3D landmarks on the cranium and mandible of 62 adult individuals sampled in the 1890s and 2010s. Static allometry explained approximately 22% of shape variation in crania and mandible datasets, while time accounted for approximately 14% of variation. We did not observe significant changes in skull size through time or between the sexes. Estimating the P‐matrix revealed that directional selection explained temporal change of the crania but not the mandible. Specifically, rats from the 2010s had longer noses and shorter upper molar tooth rows, traits identified as adaptive to colder environments and higher quality or softer diets, respectively. Our results highlight the continual evolution to selection pressures. We acknowledge that urban selection pressures impacting cranial shape likely began in Europe prior to the introduction of rats to Manhattan. Yet, our study period spanned changes in intensity of artificial lighting, human population density, and human diet, thereby altering various aspects of rat ecology and hence pressures on the skull.
Evolution of ungulate mating systems: Integrating social and environmental factors
Authors: Bowyer R. Terry , McCullough Dale R. , Rachlow Janet L. , Ciuti Simone , Whiting Jericho C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUngulates exhibit diverse mating systems that range from monogamous pair territories to highly polygynous leks. We review mating systems and behaviors across ungulates and offer a new approach synthesizing how interacting factors may shape those mating systems. Variability exists in mating systems among and within species of ungulates and likely is affected by predation risk, availability of resources (food and mates), habitat structure, and sociality. Ungulate mating systems may be labile as a consequence of the varying strength of those interacting factors. In addition, degree of polygyny and sexual dimorphism in size are associated with the evolution of mating systems. Neither male–male combat nor paternal care, however, can completely explain differences in sexual size dimorphism for ungulates, a necessary component in understanding the development of some mating systems. Whatever the evolutionary pathway, sexual segregation limits paternal care allowing more intense male–male competition. Selection of habitat structure, because it modifies risk of predation, is a major determinant of sociality for ungulates. Likewise, ruggedness and steepness of terrain limit the types of mating systems that can occur because of limitations in group size and cohesiveness, as well as the ability of males to herd even small groups of females effectively. The quality and defensibility of resources affect mating systems, as does the defensibility of females. Population density of females also may be a critical determinant of the types of mating systems that develop. Size of groups likewise constrains the types of mating tactics that males can employ. Our aim was to use those relationships to create a broad conceptual model that predicts how various environmental and social factors interact to structure mating systems in ungulates. This model provides a useful framework for future tests of the roles of both ecological and social conditions in influencing the social systems of ungulates.
Modifying connectivity to promote state change reversal: the importance of geomorphic context and plant–soil feedbacks
Authors: Peters Debra P. C. , Okin Gregory S. , Herrick Jeffrey E. , Savoy Heather M. , Anderson John P. , Scroggs Stacey L. P. , Zhang Junzhe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlternative states maintained by feedbacks are notoriously difficult, if not impossible, to reverse. Although positive interactions that modify soil conditions may have the greatest potential to alter self‐reinforcing feedbacks, the conditions leading to these state change reversals have not been resolved. In a 9‐yr study, we modified horizontal connectivity of resources by wind or water on different geomorphic surfaces in an attempt to alter plant–soil feedbacks and shift woody‐plant‐dominated states back toward perennial grass dominance. Modifying connectivity resulted in an increase in litter cover regardless of the vector of transport (wind, water) followed by an increase in perennial grass cover 2 yr later. Modifying connectivity was most effective on sandy soils where wind is the dominant vector, and least effective on gravelly soils on stable surfaces with low sediment movement by water. We found that grass cover was related to precipitation in the first 5 yr of our study, and plant–soil feedbacks developed following 6 yr of modified connectivity to overwhelm effects of precipitation on sandy, wind‐blown soils. These feedbacks persisted through time under variable annual rainfall. On alluvial soils, either plant–soil feedbacks developed after 7 yr that were not persistent (active soils) or did not develop (stable soils). This novel approach has application to drylands globally where desertified lands have suffered losses in ecosystem services, and to other ecosystems where connectivity‐mediated feedbacks modified at fine scales can be expected to impact plant recovery and state change reversals at larger scales, in particular for wind‐impacted sites.
Incident heart failure in outpatients with chronic coronary syndrome: results from the international prospective CLARIFY registry
Authors: Parma Zofia , Jasilek Adam , Greenlaw Nicola , Ferrari Roberto , Ford Ian , Fox Kim , Tardif Jean‐Claude , Tendera Michal , Steg P. Gabriel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe contemporary incidence of heart failure (HF) in patients with chronic coronary syndrome is unclear. We aimed to study the incidence and predictors of cardiovascular (CV) death, HF hospitalization or new‐onset HF not requiring hospitalization, in patients included in the CLARIFY registry.Methods and resultsCLARIFY is a contemporary, international registry of ambulatory patients with chronic coronary artery disease, conducted in 45 countries. At baseline, data on demographics, ethnicity, CV risk factors, medical history, cardiac parameters and medication were collected. Patients were followed up yearly up to 5 years. In this analysis, 26 769 patients with no HF history were included. At 5‐year follow‐up, 4393 patients (16.4%) reached the primary endpoint comprising CV death, HF hospitalization, or new‐onset HF. Only 16.7% of them (n = 732) required hospitalization for HF. All‐cause death occurred in 6.6% of patients (61.4% were CV). Age over 70 years, left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, Canadian Cardiovascular Society class ≥2 angina, atrial fibrillation or paced rhythm on the ECG, body mass index <20 kg/m2, and a history of stroke, were the most robust predictors of the primary outcome. Age <50 years, Asian ethnicity, and percutaneous revascularization were negative predictors of the outcome.ConclusionA sizeable proportion of patients with chronic coronary syndrome develop HF, which only infrequently requires hospitalization. Early identification of patients with HF may lead to early treatment, and help to further decrease mortality and morbidity. This concept needs confirmation in future studies.
Sestrin1 inhibits oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages in a murine atherosclerosis model
Authors: Keping Yang , Yunfeng Sun , Pengzhuo Xiao , Liang Li , Chenhong Xu , Jinghua Mao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMacrophages play a crucial role in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. In the current study, we analyzed the expression and function of sestrin1 (SESN1) in the aorta macrophages in a murine atherosclerosis model. We identified high SESN1 expression in the aorta macrophages in atherosclerotic mice. Using lentivirus‐mediated SESN1 overexpression in macrophages, we found that SESN1 inhibited oxidized low‐density lipoprotein–induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐primed macrophages, as evidenced by less ASC‐NLRP3 complex formation, lower caspase‐1 activation, and lower generation of mature IL‐1β. Besides, SESN1 impeded oxidized low‐density lipoprotein–induced activation of NK‐κB signaling in macrophages. Furthermore, SESN1 suppressed cholesterol crystal‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and foam cell formation. Adoptive transfer of SESN1 overexpressing macrophages reduced the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in infiltrating macrophages and the whole aorta tissue. Adoptive transfer of SESN1 knockdown macrophages enhanced the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in infiltrating macrophages and the whole aorta tissue. Overall, our study sheds light on the significance of SESN1 for macrophage‐mediated aorta inflammation.
Geomorphological evolution and sediment stratigraphy of numerically simulated alluvial fans
Authors: Welivitiya W.D. Dimuth P. , Willgoose Garry R. , Hancock Greg R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhen a sediment laden river reaches a flat basin area the coarse fraction of their sediment load is deposited in a cone shaped structure called an alluvial fan. In this article we used the State Space Soil Production and Assessment Model (SSSPAM) coupled landform–soilscape evolution model to simulate the development of alluvial fans in two‐ and three‐dimensional landforms. In SSSPAM the physical processes of erosion and armouring, soil weathering and sediment deposition were modelled using state‐space matrices, in both two and three dimensions. The results of the two‐dimensional fan showed that the fan grew vertically and laterally keeping a concave up long profile. It also showed a downstream fining of the sediments along the fan profile. Both of these observations are in agreement with available literature concerning natural and experimental fan formations. Simulations with the three‐dimensional landform produced a fan with a semicircular shape with concave up long profiles and concave down cross profiles which is typical for fans found in nature and ones developed in laboratory conditions. During the simulation the main channel which brings sediment to the fan structure changed its position constantly leading to the semicircular shape of the fan. This behaviour is similar to the autogenic process of ‘fanhead trenching’ which is the major mechanism of sediment redistribution while the fan is developing. The three‐dimensional fan simulation also exhibited the downstream fining of sediments from the fan apex to the peripheries. Further, the simulated fan also developed complex internal sediment stratification which is modelled by SSSPAM. Currently such complex sediment stratification is thought to be a result of allogenic processes. However, this simulation shows that, such complex internal sediment structures can develop through autogenic processes as well. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection and defense against network isolation attacks in software‐defined networks
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Zhu Hui , Xiao Rui , Song Chao , Dong Jian , Li Hui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the development and pervasiveness of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Software‐Defined Networks (SDN) technology has been deployed to bring great convenience to network transmission. However, SDN over IoT network still faces many challenges on devices data security. Our work demonstrates a novel attack of SDN networks, named Network Harvesting (NH). In NH, an attacker has the ability to steal the users' network privileges without the awareness of victims and the switchers. Furthermore, to solve the above attack, we construct a detection scheme and a defense scheme, named RSDetector and SpoofDefender. RSDetector detects the presence of rogue switches in the network by leveraging the prediction power of machine learning. At the same time, SpoofDefender prevents a number of spoofing attacks including NH by the global control of the SDN networks. In addition, RSDetector and SpoofDefender are also evaluated on ONOS 1.10.4 and Mininet. A good deal of simulation results demonstrate that our proposed schemes have great optimization in reducing communication and computation costs.
Generation of flavor compounds by biotransformation of genetically modified hairy roots of Hypericum perforatum (L.) with basidiomycetes
Authors: Ibrahimi Hamide , Gadzovska‐Simic Sonja , Tusevski Oliver , Haziri Arben 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAltogether, 14 basidiomycetes (12BAD, 95PCH, 9WCOC, 5PSA, 96BCI, 331SHIBD, 4MSC, 74HFA, 220MPS, 115PFLA, 111 ICO C, 16LED, 6TSU, and 61LYP) were grown on solid and in liquid media using hairy roots of genetically modified Hypericum perforatum (L.) as the only source of carbon and nitrogen. After the first screening by GC‐MS/MS‐O, two fungi (115PFLA and 61LYP) which resulted in the most pleasant complex natural flavor by biotransformation were selected for further analysis. Twenty‐four new volatile compounds were produced, from which 21 were identified (ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, benzaldehyde, 2‐undecanone, (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal, 1‐octen‐3‐one, (E)‐2‐nonenal, ethyl nonanoate, 2‐heptenal, 1‐methoxy‐4‐methylbenzene, 3‐octanone, 1‐decen‐3‐one, (E)‐2‐octenal, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, β‐linalool, ±trans‐nerolidol, anisole, methyl benzoate, 2‐pentylfuran, 1,3‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzene, and 1‐dodecanol). Thereof, 15 compounds were perceived at the ODP, from which 13 were identified. Compound identification was performed by comparison of Kovats indices (KI) and mass spectra to those of authentic reference compounds on a polar VF‐WAXms column using headspace solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS).