bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastic Surgery Considerations for the General Surgeon
Authors: Agnew Sonya P , Dumanian Gregory A. 
Published: January 2021

Plastic surgery does not claim a specific region of the body, a tissue type, a disease process, or a technique. Instead, plastic surgery holds central to its core the concepts of tissue perfusion and tissue rearrangement to restore function and appearance. Rather than being at the fringes of medicine and surgery, mastery of these issues allows the plastic surgeon to become a generalist and consultant to all of the surgical disciplines. Reconstructive surgery, wound healing, tissue perfusion, and vascularity are the general themes first discussed by the authors. Plastic surgery considerations for surgery of the abdomen, the breast, and the soft tissues are then covered in order, with all relevant procedures described. The authors discuss scar revisions and the principles of wound closure that favorably impact the final appearance in their conclusion.
This review contains 5 figures, 9 tables and 15 references
Keywords: Plastic surgery, reconstructive surgery, tissue perfusion, wound healing, panniculectomy, mammaplasty, omental flap, scar revision
Quality Improvement in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Hemmila Mark R. , Wahl Wendy L 
Published: January 2021

Programs to support clinical benchmarking of surgical outcomes have grown dramatically over the past decade. Selection of an appropriate project and preplanning with regard to strategy are often more important than management skill alone when undertaking and performing successful quality improvement in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. This review covers an overview of a medical and surgical quality system, development of an ICU quality improvement program, scoring systems: risk assessment, evidence-based medicine and protocols, and a quality improvement framework. Figures show structure of the ICU quality improvement team, the C-index statistic reflecting the ability of a model to predict which patients will have the outcome of interest, a Shewhart statistical process control chart, venous thromboembolism (VTE) events by report number, and changes in the type of VTE prophylaxis agent administered over time. Tables list Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan/Blue Care Network-sponsored, registry-based collaborative quality initiatives, critical care societies’ collaborative-based quality improvement task force priorities for performance measurement, possible ICU quality measures, predictive scoring systems, and multivariate and propensity score analysis of the Michigan Trauma Quality Improvement Program pilot data for VTE events and type of VTE prophylaxis.

This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 59 references
Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Management of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bailey Christina E , Vilar Eduardo , You Y. Nancy 
Published: January 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and lethal cancer in men and women in the United States. At presentation, a significant proportion of patients with CRC are able to undergo resection with curative intent, but up to 50% of these patients will develop recurrent disease. Fortunately, recurrence rates for both colon and rectal cancer have improved with the introduction of multimodality therapies, which include chemotherapy, chemoradiation therapy, and radiation therapy. These therapies are adjuncts to surgery and can be administered before (i.e. neoadjuvant) or after (i.e. adjuvant) surgery. This review summarizes the current evidence for the use of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies in colon and rectal cancer.
This review contains 2 figures, 7 tables, and 77 references.
Keywords: Colon cancer, rectal cancer, neoadjuvant therapy, adjuvant therapy, total neoadjuvant therapy, induction chemotherapy in rectal cancer, chemoradiation, organ preservation, non-operative management
Endovascular Techniques in Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Strot Sarah E , Mansour M Ashraf 
Published: January 2021

Mesenteric ischemia is a rare cause of abdominal pain but is a highly morbid and life-threatening condition. Despite significant improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic options, diagnosis continues to be a challenge and contributes to the high-mortality rate. Open exploration and revascularization should not be delayed if peritonitis or bowel ischemia is present, but with advances in technology and available endovascular devices, endovascular therapy has become a feasible option. It is being used to treat acute mesenteric ischemia in select patients and is now often the standard of care in many institutions for the treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia. The use of aspiration embolectomy, thrombolytics, and angioplasty with stenting offers very sick patients a less invasive treatment option and may reduce the time to revascularization, reducing bowel ischemia. Additionally, a hybrid approach can offer the best of both open and endovascular treatments, allowing evaluation of the intra-abdominal contents for ischemia while avoiding a traditional arterial bypass.

This review contains 16 figures and 65 references
Key Words: acute mesenteric ischemia, celiac artery, chronic mesenteric ischemia, embolism, endovascular, hybrid technique, mesenteric arteriography, mesenteric vascular occlusion, superior mesenteric artery, thrombosis
Breast Benign Findings and Disease
Authors: Cappuccino Helen , Bonaccio Ermelinda 
Published: January 2021

Patients often seek the opinion of physicians for benign breast conditions, because of substantial concern about cancer. It is important that general surgeons are armed with the necessary information to thoroughly evaluate and treat benign breast conditions. In this chapter, the more common benign breast complaints and benign breast pathology are reviewed and appropriate management is discussed. The workup and management of masses, cysts, breast pain, nipple discharge, fibrocystic changes, various fibroepithelial lesions (including fibroadenoma) will be reviewed. Borderline lesions including atypical hyperplasias radial scars, and lobular neoplasia will also be discussed with special attention directed to the comparative risks of upgrade to malignancy and the need for surgical excision. Gynecomastia will also be reviewed, along with the various causes, treatments and distinctions from malignancy. Lastly, we will review the management of breast infections and inflammatory conditions, as well as more uncommon breast lesions.

This review contains 11 figures, 6 tables, and 38 references.
Key Words: Breast masses, Breast pain/Mastalgia, Nipple Discharge, Fibrocystic Changes, LCIS, Radial Scar, Atypical Hyperplasia, Lobular neoplasia, Papillomas, gynecomastia
Rectal Prolapse: Abdominal Procedures
Authors: Wexner Steven D. , Cera Susan M. , Valinluck Lao Victoria 
Published: January 2021

Rectal prolapse is the full thickness intussusception of the rectal wall with protrusion out of the anus. It is a benign condition associated with multiple anatomic abnormalities such as a redundant sigmoid colon, attenuation of sacral attachments, diastasis of the levators, a patulous anus, and a deep cul-de-sac. It often presents with concomitant symptoms of fecal incontinence and constipation, or both. In this review, we will discuss widely accepted abdominal procedures for the repair of rectal prolapse as well as advances in the arena. Pre-operative evaluation, management and planning as well as perineal procedures are discussed in a separate review.
This review contains 9 figures, 1 table, and 44 references.
Key Words: Rectal prolapse, abdominal procedures, resection, rectopexy, mesh, laparoscopic, robotic
Relevance of Dalit Life Narratives: A Contextual Study of Urmila Pawar’s ‘The Weave of My Life: A Dalit Woman’s Memoirs’
Authors: Anil Revathi M. 
Published: January 2021

Urmila Pawar’s autobiography Aaydan (The Weave of My Life: A Dalit Woman's Memoirs) is a moving saga of a socially deprived woman who fights all odds in life. Pawar narrates the pitiable tales of three generations of Dalit women driven deeper into invisibility by the patriarchy. In her memoir, Pawar not only shares her tireless efforts to surmount hideous personal tragedies but also conveys the excitement of an awakening consciousness among the Dalit community. This paper explores the relevance of Dalit autobiography in the present scenario with particular reference to Urmila Pawar's autobiography The Weave of My Life: A Dalit Woman's Memoirs. She delicately navigates her readers through her long journey from the harsh landscape of the Konkan region to Mumbai, first as a Mahar and later as a woman as she challenged the conventions of both caste and gender to emerge as an activist and strong literary voice. Urmila Pawar is an Indian writer and activist, born in a Hindu Mahar family in Maharashtra. Apart from The Weave of My Life she has published several short story collection which talk about the caste-class and gender axes in everyday life. She is a prominent figure in the Dalit and feminist movements. Her writings are hailed as a critique of social discrimination.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Dan Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kompetensi Dan Kinerja Guru Pada Yayasan Perguruan Sultan Agung Pematangsiantar
Authors: Indajang Kevin , Jufrizen Jufrizen , Juliandi Azuar 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research was to test and analyze the influence organizational culture and principals’s leadership on teacher’s performance which is moderated by teacher’s competence. The sample in this reseacrh was 98 permanent teachers from the Yayasan Perguruan Sultan Agung Pematangsiantar. Data collection was carried out by means of the questionnaire method. Methods used in this research were structural equation model partial least square (SEM-PLS). The results of this study indicate organizational culture does not significantly influence the teacher’s performance, the principal's leadership significantly influences the teacher’s performance, teacher competency significantly influences the teacher’s performance. Teacher’s competence does not moderate the relationship between organizational culture and teacher, teacher competence does not moderate the relationship between the principal's leadership and the teacher's performance of Yayasan Perguruan Sultan Agung Pematangsiantar.
TRADISI PEMBUATAN TANGKAL UNTUK IBU HAMIL PADA SUKU MELAYU DI DESA SEI BEROMBANG KECAMATAN PANAI HILIR KABUPATEN LABUHAN BATU
Authors: Rosramadhana Rosramadhana , Malau Waston , Pasaribu Payerli 
Published: January 2021

Pada masyarakat pesisir yang dinamakan orang Melayu yang tinggal di desa Sei Berombang Kecamatan Panai Hilir Kabupaten Labuhan Batu ada suatu tradisi yang harus dilakukan oleh perempuan yang sedang hamil yaitu membuat “Tangkal”. Tradisi ini masih tetap dipertahankan sampai saat ini, bahkan uniknya untuk membuat tangkal itu ada ritual khusus yang harus dilakukan oleh orang yang dipercaya untuk membuatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ritual kepercayaan yang dilakukan khususnya menggambarkan tentang proses pelaksanaan ritual kepercayaan pembuatan dan pemakaian tangkal pada ibu hamil, untuk mengetahui fungsi dan makna tangkal bagi masyarakat Melayu khususnya tangkal ibu yang sedang mengandung. Rancangan penelitian ini akan disusun dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etik dan emik. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Dianalisis secara kualitatif, Penelitian ini juga akan melakukan audit trail untuk menguji keakuratan data (catatan lapangan, hasil rekaman dokumen, dan foto. Dan dilakukan member check dengan informan. Tangkal juga diletakkan di bagian rumah yang disarankan seperti di atas pintu masuk di sudut ruangan dan di dapur. Menurut ibu Jurmiah Kalimantan (pembuat tangkal) setelah ritual sumpit selesai dilaksanakan dan diberikan kepada ibu hamil langsung dipakai dan tidak boleh dilangkahi. Selanjutnya beberapa macam tangkal seperti (1)kunyit (2) kunyit bungle, (3) jariango,(4) kencur, (5) duri landak,(6) kuku bajang, (7)pinang sundari, (8) buah kemiri, (9) bawang putih tunggal, (10) barang merah tunggal, (11) gambir, (12) kapur, (13) sirih, (14) bambu kuning, (15) Sogar ono/bargot, (15) ijok, (16) lidi gila, (17) sambok daro, (18) benang 3 warna (hitam,kuning,merah) dimasukkan kedalam sumpit dan tidak boleh ditutup agar setan takut.
IbM LIMBAH PLASTIK, ALTERNATIF MEDIA BELAJAR PAUD
Authors: Hodriani Hodriani , Nasriah Nasriah , Agusti Ivo Selvia , Siregar Rosnah 
Published: January 2021

Mahalnya biaya masuk ke TK/PAUD dan rendahnya pendapatan keluarga menyebabkan banyaknya anak usia dini yang tidak dapat menikmati pendidikan TK/PAUD. Semua benda di sekitar kita bisa dijadikan media belajar. Salah satu media yang aman dan murah bagi anak adalah media belajar dari limbah plastik. Pemamfaatan limbah plastik yang aman bagi anak, murah dan mudah diperoleh adalah alternatif mainan yang dapat dimodifikasi atau dibentuk menjadi media belajar melalui pendekatan bermain sambil belajar yang menyenangkan agar anak usia dini dapat berkreatifitas dengan memamfaatkan sumber daya yang terbuang dan dapat mempertinggi proses penalaran yang cinta lingkungan pada anak, sehingga ketika orang tua mendaftarkan anaknya masuk ke TK/PAUD biaya pendaftaran tidak mahal karena biaya media pembelajaran yang digunakan sebagian besar adalah media dari limbah plastik.
PEMBELAJARAN MULTIKULTURAL MELALUI PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL BERBASIS NILAI KEBANGSAAN
Authors: Primawati Laurencia 
Published: January 2021

Pendidikan multikultural sebagai paradigma baru yang lahir pada akhir abad XX memiliki visi dan program mempersiapkan generasi muda menghadapi masyarakat dunia global dalam bingkai multikultural. Pendidikan multikultural sebagai program dirancang dengan berpedoman pada dimensi: content integration, knowledge construction, prejudice ruduction, equitable pedagogy, dan empowering school culture and social structure. Melalui rancangan ini, pendidikan multikultural diimplementasikan ke dalam pembelajaran multikultural berbasis nilai kebangsaan untuk menghasilkan subyek belajar yang memiliki kompetensi: (1) berwawasan dan berpengetahuan luas tentang konsep multikulturalisme (knowledge); (2) memiliki sikap arif dan bijak sebagai anggota masyarakat yang multikultur (disposition); dan (3) memiliki keterampilan dalam mengambil keputusan dan memberikan alternatif terhadap permasalahan multikultural dalam menjaga integrasi dan keharmonisan (skill).
Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Berbasis Genius Learning dalam Meningkatkan Aktivitas Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran PKn
Authors: Samawati Samawati 
Published: January 2021

This research aims to examines whether using genious-based learning strategy could increase learning activity in the subject of civic education for students in the eleventh grade department of electro in SMK 1 of Lhoknga in 2013/2014 school year. The action research has two cycles in which each cycle consists of four stages such as planning, implementing and observation, reflecting and revising. The subject of the research is 17 students in the eleventh grade department of electro in SMK 1 of Lhoknga, Aceh Besar Regency, Province of Aceh. The data have been collected are test result and observation sheet of learning activity. Based on the result could be concluded that genious-based learning strategy can be used as s strategy to increase student’s learning activity, learning outcomes, and increase the quality of learning processes held by teacher in which learning activity, learning outcome, and teacher’s ability, might be elvate in every cycle. The learning activity increased from 64.71 percent at the first cycle (category sufficient) became 72.9 percent with good category at the second cycle. While the teacher’s ability in the teaching-learning processes increased from 62.5 percent with sufficient category at te first cycle to 72.9 percent with good category at the second cycle. As the learning oucome increased from 64.71 pecent with category passed at the first cycle to 82.35 percent with category passed at the second cycle.
Kajian Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Tutorial Tatap Muka di Universitas Terbuka Medan
Authors: Pandapotan Sihar 
Published: January 2021

The research was motivated by the implementation of face-to-face tutorial in UPBJJ-UT Medan that is still considered to have several problems, such as the declining of student attendance rates in several study groups (pokjar). This study aimed to: (1) describe the implementation of face-to-face tutorial (TTM) and the criteria of the tutorial systems in UPBJJ-UT Medan, (2) analyze the factors that determine the quality of tutorial, and (3)identified factors that impede the quality of tutorial. The researchis descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews and distributing questionnaires to 75 respondens who were randomly assigned; and analyzed by qualitative descriptive. The results showed that : (1) TTM held in UPBJJ-UT Medan through the stages of the recruitment of tutors, tutor training, delivery of instructional materials timely, and tutorial monitoring. While the geographical factors used as criteria for the establishment of tutorial areas with the system model block, semi-block and regular. (2) supporting factors of tutorial quality: (a) tutors, (b) instructional materials, (c)students, (d) tutorial location, and (e) the examination system; and (3) inhibiting factors include: (a) distance, (b) age, (c) time, (d) economic and (e) cultural-religion.
Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Berbasis Karakter melalui Penerapan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Aktif, Kreatif, Efektif dan Menyenangkan
Authors: Setiawan Deny 
Published: January 2021

In the new paradigm of civic education, it purposes in forming civil society by empowering citizens in the democratic government. Therefore, the subject of civic education in the primary school should be significantly designed by describing functionally the com-ponents of civic knowledge, civic skills and civic dispositions, so that learners as citizens could be participate actively both in the context of society in national life, as well as in the context society of global life (desirable personal qualities). In achieving these objectives, character based of civic education should be implemented by the active, creative, effective and joyful learning as an innovative learning.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DENGAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE SCRAMBLE PADA MATERI JENIS PEKERJAAN DAN KEGIATAN EKONOMI DI KELAS IV SD KATOLIK TEBUK
Authors: Lukas bera  
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD Katolik Tebuk yang kurang memuaskan dimana hanya 18 orang mencapai nilai KKM 75. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam pembelajaran guru hanya memberikan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, demonstasi dan penguasaan saja sehingga tidak memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk mengamati, mencari, serta menemukan konsep yang dipelajari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang meliputi aktivitas guru dan siswa yang diamati oleh guru pamong, (2) untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model Scramble di kelas IV SD Katolik Tebuk. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus pelaksanaan tindakan. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan menggunakan instrumen tes tertulis dan pedoman observasi. Data-data penelitian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model Scramble dapat meningkatkan aktivitas guru dan siswa serta hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh pada tiap siklusnya. Pada siklus I , presentase ketuntasan aktivitas guru mencapai 80,76%, presentase ketuntasan aktivitas siswa 67,85% dan presentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa mencapai 88,18%. Data pada siklus II, presentase ketuntasan aktivitas guru mencapai 95,19%, presentase ketuntasan aktivitas siswa mencapai 87,5%, dan presentase ketuntasan hasil belajar Siswa mencapai 92,72%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model kooperatif tipe scramble yang dilaksanakan dalam pembelajaran IPS meteri jenis-jenis pekerjaan dan kegiatan ekonomi dapat meningkatkan aktivitas guru, aktivitas siswa dan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD Katolik Tebuk.
Историческая память о Булгаре и трансформация «булгарской» идентичности в идеологии и практике ваисовцев (вторая половина XIX — первая четверть XX столетий)
Authors: Usmanova Dilyara 
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of such a phenomenon as the emergence, development, and transformation of the «Bulgar idea» among the Vaisovites along with the inception and evolution of the teachings and practical movement of the Vaisovites in the early 1870s — early 1920s. The choice of this a half-century chronological segment is conditioned, on the one hand, by specific historiographic gaps; on the other, by the presence of autochthonous and relevant written evidence, speaking in the voice of the «Vaisovites» themselves. The events related to the so-called «neo-Bulgarists» of the late 20 — early 21 centuries, relatively well studied by the works of V. Schnirelmann, T. Uyama, and S. Cwiklinski are deliberately left outside this article. The article also indirectly touches upon examples of the various manifestations of «Bulgarism» in the Tatar intellectual environment and the historiographic field of the 19th century (covered in the works of M.A. Usmanov, A. Frank, M. Kemper, etc.).
ANALYSIS OF DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING MATHEMATICS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Haddar Gamar Al , Novianti Eliza 
Published: January 2021

Mathematics is a way to solve problems in daily life so that it is necessary to be mastered. However most of students still believe that mathematics is difficult lesson to learn. Relating to this issue, the researcher conducted a qualitative research to describe the difficulties encountered by students when learning Mathematics. To collect the data, the researcher applied observation, interview, and documentation. The data was then analyzed through data reduction, data display and conclusion. Having analyzed the data, it can be concluded that students’ difficulties in learning Mathematics came from teacher’s techniques in explaining the lesson, inadequate school’s facilities and infrastructure, family environment, and curriculum. Hence, it is suggested to teachers to apply teaching techniques based on theory of mathematics learning, and enriched with learning aids to encourage students’ motivation and positive attitude. In addition, the parents are expected to pay more attention to students’ learning development especially on learning difficulties of learning mathematics by cooperating with the teachers.