bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling pathways for the fissure among secessionists and unionists in Catalonia: identities, family language, and media influence
Authors: Oller José M. , Satorra Albert , Tobeña Adolf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCatalonian secessionism acquired prominence from 2010 onwards. During the last decade secessionist parties won three regional elections and sustained Governments by tiny majorities at the Autonomous Parliament. Two illegal consultations about self-determination were called and around 2 million (38% of population census) supported secession from Spain. An “Independence Declaration” was proclaimed on 27th Oct. 2017, followed by suspension of Home Rule sanctioned by Spanish Parliament that endured till mid-2018. The main consequence of the secessionist push was the build-up of a confrontation between two large segments of Catalan citizenry, unionists and secessionists, which was absent before. This study aims to shed light on the rise of secessionism and the appearance of a deep fissure between these communities. By building upon the complete series of data from iterated official polls (88.538 respondents, 45 surveys), the paper displays the evolving changes along the period 2006–2019 of national identity feelings (“sense of belonging”). Along that period, there were increases exceeding 15 percentage points of “only Catalan” national identity and analogous decreases of "equally Catalan and Spanish" dual national identity. The findings disclosed highly significant covariations between changing trends on national identity feelings with: (1) family/mother language, Catalan vs. Spanish; (2) following regional media versus other media. Since language/ascendancy origins and media consumption trends are closely interrelated, within Catalonia, our discussion focuses on the role played by such ethno-cultural cleavage. Further, statistical analysis for longitudinal data identified several turning points linked to singular political events that likely accentuated polarization around the issue of secession. The findings unveil evolving tracks that could help in the understanding of a process that, in a very short time, produced a severe social division within a fully open and democratic society at the heart of Europe.
The IκB-protein BCL-3 controls Toll-like receptor-induced MAPK activity by promoting TPL-2 degradation in the nucleus
Authors: Collins Patricia E. , Somma Domenico , Kerrigan David , Herrington Felicity , Keeshan Karen , Nibbs Robert J. B. , Carmody Ruaidhrí J. 
Published: November 2019

Significance
The NF-ĸB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways coordinate the cellular response to most immune stimuli. Toll-like (TLR) and TNF receptor activation of the MAPK pathway requires activation of the TPL-2 kinase. Active TPL-2 is an unstable, short-lived protein, which limits MAPK activity and controls inflammatory responses. Here we report the surprising discovery that active TPL-2 shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, where it is degraded by the proteasome. BCL-3, a nuclear regulator of NF-ĸB, promotes the nuclear localization and degradation of TPL-2 in order to limit MAPK activity and determines the amount of TLR ligand required to initiate an inflammatory response. Thus, the nucleus is a key site for the integrated regulation of NF-ĸB– and MAPK-driven inflammatory responses.
The extracellular DNA lattice of bacterial biofilms is structurally related to Holliday junction recombination intermediates
Authors: Devaraj Aishwarya , Buzzo John R. , Mashburn-Warren Lauren , Gloag Erin S. , Novotny Laura A. , Stoodley Paul , Bakaletz Lauren O. , Goodman Steven D. 
Published: November 2019

SignificanceMost chronic and recurrent bacterial infections are the result of biofilms. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a ubiquitous and pivotal structural component of biofilms that protects the resident bacteria from the host immune system and antimicrobial agents. It is of the highest priority to characterize the structure of the eDNA to understand the development of bacterial biofilm communities. Here, we employed the prototypic Holliday junction-specific (HJ) DNA-binding protein RuvA and demonstrated that eDNA within biofilms formed by 3 human pathogens, uropathogenicEscherichia coli, nontypeableHaemophilus influenzae, andStaphylococcus epidermidiswas structurally related to HJ recombination intermediates. We further demonstrated that this HJ-like structure was critical to the structural and mechanical integrity of the bacterial biofilm matrix.
Measurement of the fractional orbital angular momentum of asymmetric laser beams by using two cylindrical lenses
Authors: Kotlyar V V , Kovalev A A , Porfirev A P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Here we propose and study both theoretically and experimentally a simple and high-efficient technique for measuring the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of paraxial laser beams. The technique uses two intensity distributions measured in the foci of two perpendicular cylindrical lenses. For these distributions, first-order intensity moments are calculated, which allow the OAM to be easily obtained. The experimental error increases from ~1% for small fractional OAM (up to 4) to ~8% for large fractional OAM (up to 30). We also show numerically that the proposed technique allows to determine the OAM if the beam is distorted by a phase diffuser in the initial plane.
Transmission of optical vortices through Bragg optical multihelicoidal fibers of heterogeneous type
Authors: Lapin B , Yavorsky M , Barshak E , Vikulin D , Alexeyev C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper we have theoretically shown that two-part and three-part multihelicoidal fibers of heterogeneous type in the presence of twist defects are able to invert the topological charge of incoming optical vortices. We have shown that three-part multihelicoidal fibers of that type can be used as compact comb filters for optical vortices. Also we have studied the emergence of topologically charged fields localized near defects in such fibers. We have established that strongly localized fields can emerge only in three-part multihelicoidal fibers.
Testing of diffractive optical element as part of specific CO2 laser equipment for metallic materials modification
Authors: Murzin S P , Kazanskiy N L , Liedl G , Humenberger G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Testing of a reflective diffractive optical element (DOE) as part of specific CO2 laser equipment Oerlikon OPL 2000 for metallic materials modification was performed. The power density distribution in a plane located behind the DOE focal plane has been measured. It was found that DOEs make it possible to form a predetermined beam power density profile and to perform the transformation of laser energy, chosen by calculation previously. The use of these optical elements in the laser material treatment reveals new possibilities for controlling properties and operational characteristics of processed components. Additional redistribution of the beam power to edges of the laser spot is achieved by increasing the proportion of energy reflected by DOE peripheral zones, for example, by increasing the aperture of the focusable beam. It is proposed using a telescopic system of two lenses to change the aperture of the laser beam focusable by the DOE.
Analysis of the possibility of upscaling based on apodization for partially coherent optical systems in the presence of aberrations
Authors: Skidanov Y R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The degree of coherence of radiation is an important characteristic on which the interference properties of light fields and, as a consequence, the resolution of optical systems depend. When propagating over long distances even in free space, initially completely coherent or incoherent radiation becomes partially coherent. This fact should be taken into account in the formation of optical images along with the influence of wave front aberrations. In this paper, we investigate the change in the resolution of the system for two near-point light sources depending on the degree of spatial coherence in the presence of different aberrations. The possibility of improving the resolution in the considered situations on the basis of the amplitude apodization of the optical system is also investigated.
Modeling the process of optical characteristics variation for a solar sail surface during heliocentric flights
Authors: Starinova O L , Rozhkov M A , Alipova B , Chernyakina I V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper authors consider changing of optical characteristics of the solar sail surface during the heliocentric flight. The sail surface is a multilayer epitaxial structure, which is physically a polyamide film covered with different metals on the front and back sides. We calculate the optical characteristics of the multilayer film using the transition matrix method adapted for quantum-sized layers and taking into account the solar radiation spectrum. In order to analyse the influence of these characteristics variation on the spacecraft motion due to sail degradation we simulate the heliocentric Earth-Mercury flight.
Hyperspectral monitoring AOTF-based apparatus
Authors: Pozhar V , Gaponov M , Machikhin A , Shirokov S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The apparatus for hyperspectral imaging in visible range is described. The rugged and compact design makes it suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles. The system is capable both for recording the entire spectral-spatial data (“hypercube”) and for selective grabbing the spectral images at characteristic wavelengths. This selective mode provides real-time extracting the most valuable information from the monitoring scene and reduces requirements for operation speed and data storage capacity of processing subsystem. The technical characteristics and basic features of the hyperspectral apparatus are presented and discussed.
Modelling and record technologies of address fibre Bragg structures based on two identical ultra-narrow gratings with different central wavelengths
Authors: Morozov O G , Sakhabutdinov A Zh , Nureev I I , Misbakhov R Sh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Address fiber Bragg structures (AFBS) make it possible to effectively solve the problem of sensors interrogation and multiplexing in multi-sensor networks with microwave photonic processing of information. Based on the method of inverse Fourier transform, a mathematical model of the optical fiber refractive index profile was constructed to form 2λ-FBG AFBS with two FBG with identical spectral responses at separated wavelengths. As the initial parameters for the construction of the mathematical model, the desired spectral profile of 2λ-FBG AFBS was specified, including the reflection coefficient and the width of the transmission band of its two identical ultra-narrow-band gratings and the separation between them. On the basis of the study of the mathematical model, the possibility of selecting the necessary values of the refractive index and the laws of its modulation is shown, allowing the spectral profile of 2λ-FBG AFBS to be formed so that they can be used as a sensitive element, transforming information from optical range to radiofrequency one. The analysis of the formation and recording methods for 2λ-FBG AFBS was carried out. To implement given structures, the technology, using of an ultraviolet argon laser, the classic phase masks with sequential recording of several arrays with precise movement and strain of the fiber were chosen. Further paper deals with issues of interrogation of the developed structures and principles of measurement system construction on their basis.
Synthesis of conductive films based on oxidized carbon nanotubes
Authors: Gorshkov M V , Moskalenko A S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This talk presents the work related to creation of films based on carbon nanotubes (CNT). CNT films have a great significance in chemistry world because of possibility of obtaining very strong, conductive and flexible films based on special CNT properties. These films also can be very useful in optical applications, for example, as sensing element of IR and THz optical sensors. But achievement of a cheap and strong film still remains a difficult task because of inert CNT structure. In this paper singlewalled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes were used. The film was formed by using oxidation, filtration and annealing processes. This technology can be the cheapest because of small quantity of chemicals and needs to be investigated. The film demonstrates high temperature resistivity without deformation.
Features of optical signals processing for monitoring the state of the flowing liquid medium with a refractometer
Authors: Grebenikova N M , Davydov V V , Smirnov K J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the method of monitoring the state of flowing complex liquid media based on the phenomenon of refraction. A criterion has been defined by which the liquid medium to be measured using refraction is complex. The features of processing optical signals obtained using a refractometer from complex liquid media are considered. The results of experimental studies are presented. A comparison of the results of the experiment and the calculation is presented.
Colorization of copper surfaces by nanostructure modifications with ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Murzin S P , Liedl G , Pospichal R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A colorization of copper surfaces after nanostructure modifications with ultrashort laser pulses was studied. Femtosecond laser has been used for experiments. A relative motion of the laser beam on the material was realized. Tracks on the material obtained in a multi-pulse mode with an energy density lower than the threshold ablation were studied using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. By the surface treatment with a laser pulses duration smaller than 30 fs, almost-wavelength periodic structures were formed and finally the surface brightness was increased. It was demonstrated that small nanostructure modifications changed the surface colour significantly. Using backscattered and secondary electron modes of scanning electron microscopy images were obtained from four sample regions that showed different colours, such as dark purple-red, turquoise, yellow-orange and grey-green. It was found that one of the main reasons for the difference in colour of images is the oxidation degree.
Features of adaptive phase correction of optical wave distortion under conditions of intensity fluctuations
Authors: Botygina N N , Emaleev O N , Lavrinov V V , Lukin V P , Selin A A , Soin E L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
For the first time the reason of loss of efficiency of adaptive phase correction at propagation of optical waves in turbulent atmosphere under conditions of strong intensity fluctuations is experimentally explained. According to the data of experiments performed both on horizontal and vertical atmospheric routes, it was found that when the radius of coherence in the optical wave becomes less than the first Fresnel zone, intensity fluctuations begin to affect the data of phase measurements. This results in the fact that the main meter of the adaptive optics (AO) system - Hartmann’s sensor - in the presence of deep amplitude modulation no longer provides the correctness of phase distribution measurements. Based on the study of the behavior of the modal components of the phase fluctuations reconstructed from the measurement data at different operating modes, it was found that, first of all, the lower modes of phase fluctuations decomposition - tilts, defocusing and astigmatism - are distorted and, as the analysis of these modes shows, they differ greatly from the classical modes corresponding to the mode of weak fluctuations.
The influence of the aperture diaphragm on the size of the subjective speckles and the application of this in speckle photography
Authors: Osipov M N , Sergeev R N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study showing the possibility of reducing the size of speckles to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the measuring system based at the use of methods of speckle photography and speckle interferometry. The theoretical and experimental results the average size of speckles formed in the double-exposure specklegram depends on the aperture diaphragms of the optical system – circular aperture, annular aperture, square aperture and frame aperture – are presented. The experimental results forming of the diffraction halo and the Young’s fringes for a circular, annular, square and frame apertures are presented.
Method of assessment the degree of reliability of the pulse wave image in the rapid diagnosis of the human condition
Authors: Grevtseva A S , Smirnov K J , Greshnevikov K V , Davydov V V , Rud’ V Yu , Glinushkin A P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the article a methods of results reliability increasing during diagnosing a person’s condition by pulse oximeter are considered. A new method of estimating the reliability of the measurement results of the parameters of the pulse wave and the method of tuning the optical part of the pulse oximeter are proposed. The use of this technique allows to make the insignificant of number errors influence on the measurements results. The experimental data about the various people condition research are presented.
Regulations for the editors of journal “Computer Optics”
Authors: Kudryashov D V , Kirsh D V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The authors analyze the process of passing an article from the moment it is received by the editors to publication in the scientific journal Computer Optics, which has three main sections: 1) diffractive optics, optical information technologies; 2) image processing, pattern recognition; 3) numerical methods and data analysis. It is noted that due to the effective organization and precise regulation of the editorial and publishing process, the journal has gained credibility, being indexed in the international scientometric databases Scopus and Web of Science (ESCI).
RAS Academician Vladimir P. Shorin and diffractive computer optics
Authors: Sokolov V O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper briefly describes the main achievements in the area of laser technologies and the application of diffractive computer optics of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of technical sciences, Professor, Honoured Scientist and Engineer of the RSFSR, Laureate of the State Award of the Russian Federation in the area of science and technology Vladimir P. Shorin.
Application of superpixel segmentation and morphological projector for structural changes detection in remote sensing images
Authors: Denisova A Y , Egorova A A , Sergeyev V V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Detection of structural changes in images is one of the important tasks of remote sensing (RS) data thematic analysis. The effective way to solve it is applying the Pyt'ev’s morphological projector to the pair of images of the same scene acquired on different dates. The main advantage of this method is its invariance to global brightness transformations, which in the case of RS images correspond to different parameters of the atmosphere or the different values of the brightness-contrast ratio of the scene. However, the classical Pyt'ev’s morphological projector and its regularized versions do not take into account the spatial connectivity of image samples. As a result, they ignore the textural features of images. In this article, we suggest the algorithm of structural changes detection based on superpixel segmentation and Pyt'ev’s morphological projector that takes into account local characteristics of the image pixels. In the experimental research, we analyzed the accuracies of the proposed and classical Pyt'ev’s structural change detection methods using simulated and real RS images. The comparison of two algorithms showed that the proposed method is more robust to the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) at different values of signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio. Additionally, the experiments with nonlinear brightness distortions (vignetting) of one of the pair of images demonstrated that the proposed method has lower false positive rates than the classical one.
Detection and identification of objects on multispectral satellite images
Authors: Dementiev V E , Magdeev R G , Tashlinskii A G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article considers the detection of objects on the time sequences of satellite multizone images. Optimal and quasi-optimal detection algorithms are built on the basis of a combination of non-linear double stochastic filters and pseudo-gradient procedures. The analysis of behavior of the synthesized algorithms at processing of the real satellite material under conditions of a priori uncertainty concerning parameters of deformation of the reference image is carried out.
Digital image forgery detection using deep learning approach
Authors: Kuznetsov A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an algorithm for detecting one of the most commonly used types of digital image forgeries - splicing. The algorithm is based on the use of the VGG-16 convolutional neural network. The proposed network architecture takes image patches as input and obtains classification results for a patch: original or forgery. On the training stage we select patches from original image regions and on the borders of embedded splicing. The obtained results demonstrate high classification accuracy (97.8% accuracy for fine-tuned model and 96.4% accuracy for the zero-stage trained) for a set of images containing artificial distortions in comparison with existing solutions. Experimental research was conducted using CASIA dataset.
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction of hyperspectral data based on spectral information divergence preserving principle
Authors: Myasnikov E V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper proposes a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique for hyperspectral data based on the principle of preserving the spectral information divergence (SID). In this technique, the spectral information divergence is used as a spectral dissimilarity measure in both the original and reduced space. In the experimental studies performed using open hyperspectral images, we solve the problem of per-pixel classification of hyperspectral images. The developed method extends the existing hyperspectral data analysis toolkit, which allows reducing the dimensionality of hyperspectral data based on the principle of preserving specified spectral dissimilarity measures.
Development of Technology for Remote Location of Unknown Underground Cavities and Deep-Seated Rockslides by Unmanned Air Systems (UAS)
Authors: Shopov Y , Ognianov O , Filipov A , Ivanov I R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This work aims to create new scientific knowledge by developing new innovative technology for remote detection of unknown underground cavities and deep-seated rockslides. To achieve the goal, we intend to develop new innovative technology for remote localization of unknown underground cavities and deep-seated rockslides using a thermal camera mounted on a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
Technology is a defined sequence of operations and procedures under optimal conditions, varying within certain allowable limits, resulting in obtaining a particular result or product that meets certain requirements. Therefore, the development of new technology involves determining the allowable limits of deviation of the optimal conditions of operations and procedures for producing a good result that meets the established requirements. The development of new technology also involves determining the limits of its applicability under different external conditions. This paper includes determination of the allowable limits and the limits of applicability of the new technology being developed.
Until now, no technology has been developed for remote detection of unknown underground cavities or deep-seated rockslides. The goal of this work is the development of such innovative technology with numerous applications in construction, environmental studies and protection, security, defence and infrastructure.