bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a formalism for computing in situ transits of Earth-directed CMEs – Part 2: Towards a forecasting tool
Authors: Corona-Romero Pedro , Riley Pete 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are of particular interest for space weather purposes, because they are precursors of major geomagnetic storms. The geoeffectiveness of a CME mostly relies on its physical properties like magnetic field and speed. There are multiple efforts in the literature to estimate in situ transit profiles of CMEs, most of them based on numerical codes. In this work we present a semi-empirical formalism to compute in situ transit profiles of Earth-directed fast halo CMEs. Our formalism combines analytic models and empirical relations to approximate CME properties as would be seen by a spacecraft near Earth's orbit. We use our formalism to calculate synthetic transit profiles for 10 events, including the Bastille Day event and 3 varSITI Campaign events. Our results show qualitative agreement with in situ measurements. Synthetic profiles of speed, magnetic intensity, density, and temperature of protons have average errors of 10 %, 27 %, 46 %, and 83 %, respectively. Additionally, we also computed the travel time of CME centers, with an average error of 9 %. We found that compression of CMEs by the surrounding solar wind significantly increased our uncertainties. We also outline a possible path to apply this formalism in a space weather forecasting tool.
Morbid obesity is adversely associated with perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Han Hedong , Qin Yingyi , Ruan Yiming , He Jia , Cao Zhexu , Wei Xin , Cao Yang 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) may be more challenging in obese individuals. This study aimed to evaluate whether obesity had an adverse effect on perioperative outcomes following RALRP.
Methods: Hospitalized patients who underwent RALRP from 2008–2014 were identified using the National Inpatient Sample database. We grouped RALRP patients into non-obese, obesity class I–II and obesity class III (morbid obesity). Rates of blood transfusion, intraoperative and postoperative complications, in-hospital mortality, prolonged length of stay, and total costs were compared among the three groups by univariate regression, multivariate regression, and propensity score weighting analysis.
Results: Of 53 301 patients identified, 48 725 were non-obese, 3572 were diagnosed with obesity class I–II, and 1004 were diagnosed with morbid obesity. Compared to non-obesity (7.62%), overall postoperative complications were commonly observed in obesity class I–II (10.55%) and morbid obesity (17.11%). Multivariable analyses suggested that morbid obesity was associated with increased overall postoperative (odds ratio [OR] 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65–2.42), cardiac (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.03–2.58), respiratory (OR 4.03; 95% CI 3.04–5.36), genitourinary (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.08–2.90), miscellaneous medical (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.58–2.39) complications, prolonged hospitalization (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.57–2.21), and 12% higher total cost. Propensity score weighting analysis yielded similar results. Adequate covariate balance was achieved for all variables after weighting.
Conclusions: Morbid obesity is adversely associated with perioperative outcomes in RALRP. Close management is required in patients undergoing RALRP with morbid obesity for potential worse prognosis.
Nebulized dexmedetomidine improves pulmonary shunt and lung mechanics during one-lung ventilation: a randomized clinical controlled trial
Authors: Xu Bo , Gao Hong , Li Dan , Hu Chunxiao , Yang Jianping 
Published: June 2020

Background
Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a selective a2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been previously reported to attenuate intrapulmonary shunt during one-lung ventilation (OLV) and to alleviate bronchoconstriction. However, the therapeutic effects of nebulized Dex on pulmonary shunt and lung mechanics during OLV have not been evaluated. Here we determine whether nebulized dexmedetomidine improved pulmonary shunt and lung mechanics in patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery in a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial.

Methods
One hundred and twenty-eight patients undergoing elective thoracoscopic surgery were included in this study and randomly divided into four groups: 0.9% saline (Placebo group), 0.5 µg/kg (Dex0.5 group), 1 µg/kg (Dex1 group) and 2 µg/kg (Dex2group) dexmedetomidine. After bronchial intubation, patients received different nebulized doses of dexmedetomidine (0.5 µg/kg, 1 µg/kg and 2 µg/kg) or 0.9% saline placebo during two-lung ventilation(TLV). OLV was initiated 15 min after bronchial intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with intravenous infusion of cisatracurium and propofol. Bispectral Index values were maintained within 40–50 by adjusting the infusion of propofol in all groups. Arterial blood gas samples and central venous blood gas samples were taken as follows: 15 min after bronchial intubation during two-lung ventilation (TLV15), after 30 and 60 min of OLV (OLV30and OLV60, respectively) and 15 min after reinstitution of TLV (ReTLV). Dynamic compliance was also calculated at TLV15, OLV30, OLV60 and ReTLV.

Results
Dex decreased the requirement of propofol in a dose-dependent manner(P = 0.000). Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) displayed no significant difference among groups (P = 0.397 and 0.863). Compared with the placebo group, Dex administered between 0.5 and 2 µg/kg increased partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) significantly at OLV30 and OLV60(P = 0.000); however, Dex administered between 1 and 2 µg/kg decreased pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) at OLV30 and OLV60(P = 0.000). Compared with the placebo group, there were significant increases with dynamic compliance (Cdyn) after OLV in Dex0.5, Dex1 and Dex2group(P = 0.000). Conclusions. Nebulized dexmedetomidine improved oxygenation not only by decreasing pulmonary shunt but also by improving lung compliance during OLV, which may be effective in managing OLV.
Assessment of methods used for 3-dimensional superimposition of craniofacial skeletal structures: a systematic review
Authors: Mai Daniel Dinh-Phuc , Stucki Sven , Gkantidis Nikolaos 
Published: June 2020

Background
So far, several techniques have been recommended for the assessment of craniofacial changes through skeletal tissue superimposition, but the evidence that supports them remains unexplored. The purpose of the present study is to assess the available literature on skeletal-tissue superimpositions of serial craniofacial CT or CBCT images used to detect morphological changes.

Materials and Methods
Medline (via Pubmed), EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Open Grey and Grey Literature Report were searched (last search: 17.11.2019) using specific terms that fulfilled the requirements of each database in the context of the study aim. Hand searches were also performed. The outcomes of interest were the accuracy, precision, or agreement between skeletal-tissue superimposition techniques to assess changes in the morphology of craniofacial structures. Studies of any design with sample size ≥3 were assessed by two authors independently. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42019143356).

Results
Out of 832 studies, fifteen met the eligibility criteria. From the 15 included studies, 12 have shown high total risk of bias, one low risk of bias, and two studies have shown unclear risk of bias. Thirteen out of the 15 studies showed high applicability concerns, two unclear and no study had low applicability concerns. There was high heterogeneity among studies regarding the type of participants, sample size, growth status, machines, acquisition parameters, superimposition techniques, assessment techniques and outcomes measured. Fourteen of them were performed on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and one on Computed Tomography (CT) derived 3D models. Most of the studies (eleven) used voxel-based registration, one landmark-based registration and three studies compared different registration techniques, which include the surface-based registration. Concerning the area of interest, nine studies focused on the anterior cranial base and certain facial structures, four on maxillary structures and four on mandibular structures. Non-growing participants were included in six studies, growing in eight, whereas one study had both.

Conclusion
Most of the available studies had methodological shortcomings and high applicability concerns. At the moment, certain voxel-based and surface-based superimpositions seem to work properly and to be superior to landmark-based superimposition. However, further research in the field is required to develop and properly validate these techniques on different samples, through high quality studies with low applicability concerns.
Nonthermal Dynamics of Dielectric Functions in a Resonantly Bonded Photoexcited Material
Authors: Tanimura Hiroshi , Watanabe Shinji , Ichitsubo Tetsu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA fundamental question of whether it is thermal or nonthermal has often been argued, when the system undergoes an ultrafast phase change by femtosecond laser photoexcitation. One of the difficulties therein is how to consider the thermalization of a photoexcited system, in which the “lattice” and “electron” systems are decoupled from an equilibrium state just after photoexcitation. This work shows a methodology to identify a thermalization‐time domain of a photoexcited semiconductor, where it can be detected by monitoring the time‐resolved photoabsorption broadband spectrum and comparing that to thermally induced spectrum changes, by which the electron–lattice thermalization time is evaluated to be 12 ps for PbTe. Further analyzing the dynamic dielectric functions substantiates that thermalization time is related to the recovery time of the resonant bonding. Such a crucial determination of thermalization time would eliminate an uncertainty of “thermal or nonthermal” in ultrafast phase change of the resonantly bonded materials.
Bioinspired Ionic Sensory Systems: The Successor of Electronics
Authors: Xiao Kai , Wan Changjin , Jiang Lei , Chen Xiaodong , Antonietti Markus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAll biological systems, including animals and plants, communicate in a language of ions and small molecules, while the modern information infrastructures and technologies rely on a language of electrons. Although electronics and bioelectronics have made great progress in the past several decades, they still face the disadvantage of signal transformation when communicating with biology. To narrow the gap between biological systems and artificial‐intelligence systems, bioinspired ion‐transport‐based sensory systems should be developed as successor of electronics, since they can emulate biological functionality more directly and communicate with biology seamlessly. Herein, the essential principles of (accurate) ion transport are introduced, and the recent progress in the development of three elements of an ionic sensory system is reviewed: ionic sensors, ionic processors, and ionic interfaces. The current challenges and future developments of ion‐transport‐based sensory systems are also discussed.
Persistent‐Homology‐Based Microstructural Optimization of Materials Using t‐Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Lei , Ogawa Toshio , Adachi Yoshitaka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicrostructure optimization is a core issue to maximize the performance of materials. Due to the increasing demand for highly efficient materials, traditional trial‐and‐error‐based experimental methods have become insufficient for designing novel materials with useful properties. Based on the fact that materials with similar microstructural features exhibit similar properties, this work proposes a persistent‐homology‐based microstructure optimization approach performed with a machine learning algorithm of t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to find optimal microstructures for specific properties. The method is applied to dual‐phase steels, where a microstructure with high‐fraction martensite is identified for achieving a maximum stress. The method proposed here is expected to provide new basis to understand the materials paradigm and thus accelerate the materials discovery process.
Delicate Morphology Control Triggers 14.7% Efficiency All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Tang Hua , Chen Haiyan , Yan Cenqi , Huang Jiaming , Fong Patrick W. K. , Lv Jie , Hu Dingqin , Singh Ranbir , Kumar Manish , Xiao Zeyun , Kan Zhipeng , Lu Shirong , Li Gang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMorphology is a critical factor to determine the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, delicately fine‐tuning the morphology involving only small molecules is an extremely challenging task. Herein, a simple, generic, and effective concentration‐induced morphology manipulation approach is demonstrated to prompt both the state‐of‐the‐art thin‐film BTR‐Cl:Y6 and thick‐film BTR:PC71BM all‐small‐molecule (ASM) OSCs to a record level. The morphology is delicately controlled by subtly altering the prepared solution concentration but maintaining the identical active layer thickness. The remarkable performance enhancement achieved by this approach mainly results from the enhanced absorption, reduced trap‐assistant recombination, increased crystallinity, and optimized phase‐separated network. These findings demonstrate that a concentration‐induced morphology manipulation strategy can further propel the reported best‐performing ASM OSCs to a brand‐new level, and provide a promising way to delicately control the morphology towards high‐performance ASM OSCs.
Recent Progress in the Consecutive Double Heck Reaction
Authors: Ju Baihang , Kong Wangqing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGroup website: http://wqkong.whu.edu.cnAlthough the Heck reaction has been discovered for more than 50 years, there remains significant opportunities for chemists to make new discoveries. The traditional Heck reaction is mainly limited to the arylation of alkenes, but the efficient construction of diverse polycyclic scaffolds bearing an alkenyl functional group in one‐pot operation by consecutive double Heck cyclization has been scarcely investigated. We therefore summarise the recent progress in Pd‐ and Ni‐catalyzed consecutive double Heck cyclization and highlight the enantioselective transformations and their applications in the total synthesis of natural products with congested quaternary carbon stereocenters.
Thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of addition‐type liquid silicone rubber co‐filled with Al2O3 particles and BN sheets
Authors: Feng Qi‐kun , Zhang Dong‐Li , Zha Jun‐wei , Yin Li‐juan , Dang Zhi‐min 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe addition‐type liquid silicone rubber (ALSR) co‐filled with spheroidal Al2O3 and flaky BN was prepared by the mechanical blending and hot press methods to enhance the thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties for industrial applications. Morphologies of ALSR composites were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the interaction and dispersion state of fillers in the ALSR matrix were improved by the introduction of BN sheets. Thermal, electrical, and mechanical performances of the ALSR composites were also investigated in this work. The result indicated that the thermal conductivity of ALSR can reach 0.64 W m−1 K−1 at the loading of 20 wt% Al2O3/20 wt% BN, which is 3.76 times higher than that of pure ALSR. The addition of Al2O3 particles and BN sheets also improve the thermal stability of ALSR composites. Moreover, pure ALSR and ALSR composites showed relatively lower dielectric permittivity (1.9–3.1) and dielectric loss factor (<0.001) at the frequency of 103 Hz. The insulation properties including volume resistivity and breakdown strength were improved by the introduction of flaky BN in the ALSR matrix. The volume resistivity and characteristic breakdown strength E0 are 6.68 × 1015 Ω m and 93 kV/mm, respectively, at the loading of 20 wt% Al2O3/20 wt% BN. In addition, the mechanical characteristics including elongation at break and tensile strength of ALSR composites were also enhanced by co‐filled fillers. The combination of these improved performances makes the co‐filled ALSR composites attractive in the field of electrical and electronic applications.
Processing of biodegradable and multifunctional protein‐based polymer materials for the potential controlled release of zinc and water in horticulture
Authors: Jiménez‐Rosado Mercedes , Perez‐Puyana Víctor , Rubio‐Valle José Fernando , Guerrero Antonio , Romero Alberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent high levels of horticulture production cause an impoverishment of soil nutrients that may seriously impair crop yields. This forces farmers to rely on the use of fertilizers. However, it also involves an increase in the contamination risks associated with their supply. A possible alternative to supply these fertilizers could be the use of biodegradable protein‐based matrices, which can contain the essential elements required by the soil. Therefore, the main objective of this work is the evaluation of different alternative methods for the incorporation of a selected micronutrient (MN) zinc (Zn) to soy protein‐based matrices. As a result, it has been possible to incorporate high levels of Zn into the matrices. However, depending on the method used for MN incorporation, there are variations in the microstructure, MN distribution, and mechanical properties. This work brings forward an innovative application of these matrices as a source of controlled release of MN for horticulture applications.
Potenzial von Baumrinde für den Einsatz als Schallabsorptionsmaterial
Authors: Kain Günther , Tudor Eugenia , Dettendorfer Anna , Barbu Marius‐Catalin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBaumrinde ist ein natürlich hoch optimiertes Material, das als periphere Grenzschicht eines Baumes diesen vor mannigfaltigen Beschädigungen schützt. Daher weist Baumrinde interessante technologische Eigenschaften wie eine geringe Dichte und gute biologische Beständigkeit auf. In der Holzindustrie fallen große Mengen von Baumrinde in Stückform an, welche nur in geringem Ausmaß stofflich höherwertig veredelt werden. Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung wurden Dämmplatten aus Lärchenrinde erzeugt und deren innere Struktur mittels Computertomographie untersucht. Der Schallabsorptionskoeffizient von Platten unterschiedlichen Aufbaus wurde mittels Impedanzmessung bestimmt und es wurden die Struktur‐Eigenschaftsbeziehungen untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass Lärchenrindenplatten als Absorber für Frequenzen über 500 Hz gute Eigenschaften aufweisen und, dass über die Partikelgröße die Frequenz des Schallabsorptionsmaximums beeinflusst werden kann.
Hybrid Modeling and Intensified DoE: An Approach to Accelerate Upstream Process Characterization
Authors: Bayer Benjamin , Striedner Gerald , Duerkop Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProcess characterization is necessary in the biopharmaceutical industry, leading to concepts such as design of experiments (DoE) in combination with process modeling. However, these methods still have shortcomings, including large numbers of required experiments. The concept of intensified design of experiments (iDoE) is proposed, that is, intra‐experimental shifts of critical process parameters (CPP) that combine with hybrid modeling to more rapidly screen a particular design space. To demonstrate these advantages, a comprehensive experimental design of Escherichia coli (E. coli) fed‐batch cultivations (20 L) producing recombinant human superoxide dismutase is presented. The accuracy of hybrid models trained on iDoE and on a fractional‐factorial design is evaluated, without intra‐experimental shifts, to simultaneously predict the biomass concentration and product titer of the full‐factorial design. The hybrid model trained on data from the iDoE describes the biomass and product at each time point for the full‐factorial design with high and adequate accuracy. The fractional‐factorial hybrid model demonstrates inferior accuracy and precision compared to the intensified approach. Moreover, the intensified hybrid model only required one‐third of the data for model training compared to the full‐factorial description, resulting in a reduced experimental effort of >66%. Thus, this combinatorial approach has the potential to accelerate bioprocess characterization.
Comparison of short and long milling flows on yield and physicochemical properties of brans from biofortified and nonbiofortified hull‐less oats
Authors: Acar Oguz , Izydorczyk Marta S. , Kletke Jerry , Atilla Yazici M. , Imamoglu Aydin , Cakmak Ismail , Koksel Hamit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare bran yields of short‐ and long‐flow roller mill from biofortified (+) and nonbiofortified (−) hull‐less oats cv. Haskara and determine effect of biofortification (Zn, I, Se) on composition and physicochemical properties of fractions.FindingsZn, I, and Se contents were significantly increased by biofortification. Yields of coarse bran (CB) obtained by short flow were 42.6% for both Haskara samples, while those of fine bran (FB) obtained by long flow were 46.6% and 47.4% for Haskara (+) and Haskara (−). Beta‐glucan (BG) contents of CB were 8.42% and 8.31%, while those of FB were 8.68% and 8.65% for respective samples. There were no significant differences between CB of Haskara (+) and Haskara (−) samples in terms of mass median diameter, dispersion, particle density, porosity, BG solubility, and RVA viscosity. The differences between FB of the same samples were also not significant in terms of those parameters. However, long flow significantly increased dispersion, porosity, BG solubility, and RVA viscosity and significantly decreased mass median diameter and bulk density compared to short flow.ConclusionsBiofortified oats can be used to obtain β‐glucan‐enriched milling fractions.Significance and noveltyThis is the first study on bran fractions obtained by different milling flows from biofortified hull‐less oats.
Bifunctional Intimacy and its Interplay with Metal‐Acid Balance in Shaped Hydroisomerization Catalysts
Authors: Mendes Pedro S. F. , Silva João M. , Ribeiro M. Filipa , Daudin Antoine , Bouchy Christophe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe combined impact of platinum location and metal‐acid balance on the catalytic performances of HUSY zeolite alumina‐shaped bifunctional catalysts was evaluated in n‐hexadecane hydroconversion reaction. For well‐balanced catalysts, the deposition of Pt in the alumina resulted in lower isomerization selectivity as compared to when platinum was located in the zeolite. In the latter case, the maximal distance between Pt and acid sites was found to be in the nanometric scale (high intimacy) whereas in the former it was in the micrometric scale (low intimacy), particularly due to the presence of large clusters of HUSY zeolite. Nevertheless, whenever proper balance between functions was not ensured in high‐intimacy catalysts, the low‐intimacy and well‐balanced catalysts were shown to perform better. The requirement for nanometric metal‐acid sites intimacy must be hence combined with an adequate metal‐acid balance to achieve optimal catalytic performance.