bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Substance P in Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)
Authors: Rachmawati Yusnita 
Published: January 2020

<p>Low Back Pain is one of the disease that causing global disability in the worldwide. In the past 10 years, prevalence of LBP has not decreased, it makes global burden increase substantially. Chronic low back pain(CLBP) is pain that is almost experienced daily by patients in the lower back region in a period of more than 3 months. Chronic low back pain is a mixture of pain that arises through nociceptive and neuropathic mechanisms. Over the past decade, numerous guidelines have been used in the management of CLBP. Problems that are still a controversy include the management of pain. The mechanism of many treatment measures is still in the low to moderate effectiveness stage, so that the pain management target is not optimal. Substance P is a neuropeptide that release both in acute and chronic pain. Therefore study about mechanisms that affect SP release may show important information regarding pathological alterations in pain perception.</p>
ISSR as a tool to support taxonomic decisions: a first approach for Chascolytrum species complexes (Poaceae)
Authors: Essi Liliana , Wagner Hilda Maria Longhi , Chies Tatiana Teixeira de Souza 
Published: January 2020

Chascolytrum Desv. is a South American grass genus, with extension up to Central America, which presents several taxonomic controversies concerning genera and species circumscriptions. Morphological studies were not able to provide robust elements for taxonomic decisions in some species complexes. It was the case of Chascolytrum subaristatum and morphological allies, and of Chascolytrum rufum plus the acceptance (or rejection) of two varieties. In order to provide additional elements for taxonomic decisions in these species complexes, it was performed a preliminary survey using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Nine primers were used to build similarity dendrograms, and 25 collections were included, analysed in two separated complexes. ISSR were able to separate the two varieties of Chascolytrum rufum, supporting their acceptance. Two species recently described could be clearly separated from their morphologically related taxa, but the species Briza erecta, Briza macrostachya and Chascolytrum subaristatum, as well as Briza subaristata var. interrupta, could not be separated, adding elements to the synonymization of these three taxa under Chascolytrum ubaristatum. The ISSR contributed to solving some controversies on genus Chascolytrum, but its use as an exclusive species-marker is limited in this genus due to high band polymorphism.
Validation and Modification of Staging Systems for Poorly Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Haihong , Lin Zhenyu , Li Guiling , Zhang Dejun , Yu Dandan , Lin Qili , Wang Jing , Zhao Ye , Pi Guoliang , Zhang Tao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging classifications and the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) are two broadly used systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This study aims to identify the most accurate and useful TNM staging system for poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas(pNECs). Methods An analysis was performed to evaluate the application of the ENETS, 7th edition (7th) AJCC and 8th edition (8th) AJCC staging classifications using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry (N = 568 patients). A modified system was proposed based on analysis of the 7th AJCC classification. Results In multivariable analyses, only the 7th AJCC staging system allocated patients into four different risk groups, compared with the 8th AJCC staging system and ENETS staging system, although there was no significant difference. We modified the staging classification by maintaining the T and M definitions of the 7th AJCC staging and adopting new staging definitions. An increased hazard ratio (HR) of death was also observed from class I to class IV for the modified 7th (m7th) staging system (compared with stage I disease; HR for stage II =1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 0.73-2.06, P =0.44; HR for stage III =2.20, 95% CI =1.06-4.56, P=0.03; HR for stage IV =4.95, 95% CI =3.20-7.65, P < 0.001).The concordance index (C-index) was higher for local disease with the m7th AJCC staging system than with the 7th AJCC staging system. Conclusions The m7th AJCC staging system for pNECs proposed in this study provides improvements and may be assessed for potential adoption in the next edition.
Social acceptance of alcohol use in Uganda
Authors: Ssebunnya Joshua , Kituyi Caroline , Nabanoba Justine , Nakku Juliet , Bhana Arvin , Kigozi Fred 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Alcohol use is part of many cultural, religious and social practices, and provides perceived pleasure to many users. In many societies, alcoholic beverages are a routine part of the social landscape for many in the population. Relatively low rates were reported for Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) in a community based survey and facility detection survey conducted in the study site contrary to findings in earlier formative studies where alcohol use was reported to be a major health problem. The aim of this study was to understand reasons for under-reporting and the low detection rate for AUDs, exploring the societal perceptions of alcohol use in the study district. Methods: The study was conducted in Kamuli District (implementation site for the PRIME project). Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with purposively selected participants that included local and religious leaders, lay people, health workers as well as heavy alcohol drinkers and their spouses. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The analysis followed 4 thematic areas, which include the extent and acceptability of alcohol use, patterns of alcohol use, perceived health problems associated with alcohol use and help-seeking behavior for persons with alcohol related problems. Results: The findings indicate that alcohol consumption in the study site was common and widely acceptable across all categories of people, with minimal restrictions. Society tends to overlook problems associated with alcohol use except when it is life-threatening. Help-seeking for such problems was therefore reported to be relatively rare. Conclusion: Alcohol was readily available in the community and its consumption widely acceptable with minimal restrictions to the minors. There is low recognition of alcohol use related health problems, resulting in poor help-seeking behavior. Key words: Alcohol, Kamuli, Alcohol Use Disorder, PRIME acceptability
Matrine protects retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis in experimental optic neuritis
Authors: Kang Jian , Liu Shu-Qing , Song Yi-Fan , Wang Meng-Ru , Chu Yao-Juan , Shi Ya-Min , Zhang Feng-Yan , Wu Hongyang , Zhu Lin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Inflammatory demyelination and axonal injury of the optic nerve are hallmarks of optic neuritis (ON), which often occurs in multiple sclerosis and is a major cause of blindness in young adults. Although a high dose of corticosteroids can promote visual recovery, it cannot prevent permanent neuronal damage. Novel and effective therapies are thus required. Given the recently defined capacity of matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the herb Radix Sophorae flavescens, in immunomodulation and neuroprotection, we tested in this study the effect of matrine on ON in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Results: MAT administration, started at disease onset, significantly suppressed optic nerve infiltration and demyelination, with reduced numbers of Iba1+ macrophages/microglia and CD4+ T cells, compared to those from vehicle-treated rats. Increased expression of neurofilaments, an axon marker, and decreased apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were also observed after MAT treatment. Conclusions: Taken as a whole, our results demonstrate that MAT attenuated inflammation, demyelination and axonal loss in the optic nerve, and protected RGCs from inflammation-induced cell death. MAT may therefore have potential as a novel treatment for this disease that causes blindness.
How many words are Australian children hearing in the first year of life?
Authors: Brushe Mary E , Lynch John W. , Reilly Sheena , Melhuish Edward , Brinkman Sally A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: There is evidence that parents from more socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds engage in fewer verbal interactions with their child than more advantaged parents. This leads to the so-called, ‘30 million-word gap’. We used improved technology to investigate the number of words children hear in their first year of life.

Methods: Mothers were recruited into a five-year prospective cohort study and categorized into either high or low maternal education groups. Data was derived from the first two waves of the study, when the children were six and twelve months old. At both waves, children were involved in day-long audio recordings using the Language Environment Analysis software that provided automatic counts of adult words spoken to the child, child vocalizations and conversational turns. Descriptive results are presented by maternal education groups.

Results: There was large variation within each maternal education group, with the number of adult words spoken to the child ranging from 2,958 to 39,583 at six months and 4,389 to 45,849 at twelve months. There were no meaningful differences between adult words, child vocalizations or conversational turns across maternal education groups at either wave of data collection.

Conclusions: These results show that a word gap related to maternal education is not apparent up to twelve months of age. The large variability among both maternal education groups suggests that universal interventions that encourage all parents to talk more to their child may be more appropriate than interventions targeted towards disadvantaged families during the first year of life.
Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the North East of Scotland: Survival, Clinico-Pathological Features and Genetics
Authors: Perrott Sarah , Laurie Kirsten , Laws Kirsten , Johnes Annie , Miedzybrodzka Zosia , Samuel Leslie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients aged under 55 years is on the rise, constituting approximately 10% of cases. Our aim was to determine the survival and clinico-pathological details of young-onset CRC (yCRC), as well as audit the referral rate to genetic services and thus establish the incidence of inherited cancer syndromes.
Methods
A retrospective case note review was conducted for patients aged under 55 years who were diagnosed with CRC between 2005-2015 in the North East of Scotland. Cases were identified by pathology records and data was obtained from patient notes then crosschecked with the NHS Grampian genetics electronic case records. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 (IBM, New York, USA) to produce Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, descriptive statistics and markers predictive for genetic referral.
Results
Data from 345 patients (age range 22-54 years) were identified. The one year, five year and overall survival rates were found to be 89%, 63% and 55%, respectively. Most patients (61%) presented with advanced disease. Of 201 patients that met criteria for genetic referral, only 93 (46%) were referred to genetics services. Microsatellites instability (MSI) was identified in 14% of those referred.
Conclusions
Survival in yCRC was found to be better than that in later onset disease, despite higher rates of advanced disease. Patients were under-referred to genetic services, where a significant proportion were found to be MSI positive and investigated for Lynch syndrome.
Defining the minimal effective volume and amount of lidocaine to perform a femoral nerve block under ultrasound control
Authors: Piacherski Valery , Marachkou Aliaksei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe application of the combination of local anesthetics (LA) in some parts of the body increases the amount of LA and plasma concentration. The aim of our research was to define the minimal effective volume and amount of lidocaine with added adrenaline (1:200,000) to perform a femoral nerve block under ultrasound control and with neurostimulation. MethodsFemoral nerve blockade was performed with the following lidocaine solutions: 0.75% -10 ml, 7.5 ml; 1% -20ml, 15ml, 10ml, 7.5ml, 5ml; 1.5% -5ml, 4ml; 2% -5 ml, 4 ml; 3% -5ml, 4ml, 3ml; 4% -5 ml, 4 ml, 3 ml, 2.5 ml. All blocks were performed with added adrenaline (1:200,000). In all, 181 blocks of the femoral nerve, in combination with sciatic nerve blocks, were carried out with the help of the electrostimulation of peripheral nerves, and under ultrasound. The quality of motor and sensory blocks was assessed after 45 min of administration of the femoral nerve block. ResultsA total of 181 femoral nerve blocks, in combination with sciatic nerve blocks, were used via the help of electrostimulation of the peripheral nerves (EPN), and under ultrasound (US) control. The femoral nerve blockade was effective with the following lidocaine solutions: 0.75% -10 ml (75mg); 1% -20ml, 15ml, 10ml, 7.5ml (75mg); 1.5% -5ml (75mg); 2% -5 ml (100 mg); 3% -5ml (150mg); 4% -5 ml (200mg). Femoral blockade was ineffective when using the following solutions of lidocaine: 0.75% - 7.5ml (56.25 mg); 1% - 5ml (50mg); 1.5% - 4ml (60mg, No spread along the entire circumference of the nerve - NSAECN); 2% - 4 ml (80mg, NSAECN); 3% - 4ml (120mg NSAECN), 3 ml; 4% - 4 ml (160 mg, NSAECN), 3 ml, 2.5 ml. ConclusionFor a complete motor and sensory block of the femoral nerve: the minimum effective volume of local anesthetics was 5 ml; and the minimum effective amount of lidocaine was 75 mg. А complete block of the femoral nerve was achieved only with the spreading of local anesthetic along the whole circumference of the femoral nerve.
An observational study of patho-oncological outcomes of various surgical methods in total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a single center analysis
Authors: CHEN YI-TING , HUANG CHING-WEN , MA CHENG-JEN , TSAI HSIANG-LIN , YEH YUNG-SUNG , SU WEI-CHIH , CHAI CHEE-YIN , Wang Jaw Yuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background

Total mesorectal excision (TME) with or without neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the treatment for rectal cancer (RC). Recently, the use of conventional laparoscopic surgery (LS) or robotic-assisted surgery (RS) has been on a steady increase cases. However, various oncological outcomes from different surgical approaches are still under investigation.Materials and methods

This is a retrospective observational study comprising 300 consecutive RC patients who underwent various techniques of TME (RS, n = 88; LS, n = 37; Open surgery, n = 175) at a single center of real world data to compare the pathological and oncological outcomes, with a median follow-up of 48 months.Results

Upon multivariate analysis, histologic grade ( P =0.048), tumor depth ( P =0.003), and pre-operative CCRT ( P =0.038) were the independent factors of circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis determined RS, early pathologic stage, negative CRM involvement, and pathologic complete response to be significantly associated with better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (all P <0.05). Multivariable analyses observed the surgical method ( P =0.037), histologic grade ( P =0.006), and CRM involvement ( P =0.043) were the independent factors of DFS, whereas histologic grade ( P =0.011) and pathologic stage ( P =0.022) were the independent prognostic variables of OS.Conclusions

This study determined that RS TME is feasible because it has less CRM involvement and better oncological outcomes than the alternatives have. The significant factors influencing CRM and prognosis depended on the histologic grade, tumor depth, and pre-operative CCRT. RS might be an acceptable option owing to the favorable oncological outcomes for patients with RC undergoing TME.
Demographic profile, clinical features, and outcome of peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage: an observational study
Authors: Zou Ming , Zhang Yi , Huang Xi , Gao Sheng , Zhang Junjun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the etiology, demographic profile, clinical features, and outcomes in patients with peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage (PSH).
Methods
Thirty-eight eyes of 37 consecutive patients with PSH were enrolled in this prospective observational study over 4 years; all were followed for 2 years. The main outcome measures were demographic profile, possible etiology, clinical features, outcome, and prognosis.
Results
Sixty-eight percent (26/38) of eyes were in female patients; the mean patient age was 20 years. Only 1 patient (1/37) showed bilateral involvement. All patients experienced acute onset of PSH. All eyes were myopic and their best-corrected visual acuities ranged from 20/1000 to 20/12.5. The fundus features of affected eyes were classified into 3 groups: (1) PSH alone (4/38 eyes, 10.5%); (2) PSH with intrapapillary hemorrhage (17/38 eyes, 44.7%); (3) PSH with intrapapillary and vitreous hemorrhage (17/38 eyes, 44.7%). PSH occurred in nasal edges of optic discs with a crescent shape and dull-red color. All affected optic discs were small and crowded, exhibiting variable degrees of tilting. The cup of affected optic discs was narrower and deeper than that of normal control discs. Other ancillary tests provided no additional value. After a mean follow-up of 2.85 months, the hemorrhages resolved spontaneously without sequelae. Recurrence of disease was not observed in any patients.
Conclusions
PSH is common in myopic eyes with tilted optic discs. We suspect that these hemorrhages occurred as a result of abrupt movement acting on a morphologically vulnerable optic disc.
MicroRNA-129-5p targets keap-1 to protect against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Ye Huiming , Xu Guiyu , Zhang Dexian , Wang Rupeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiac hypertrophy is a common pathological process of many cardiac diseases and persistent cardiac hypertrophy is the main cause of heart failure and sudden cardiogenic death. It is of great value to elucidate the mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy for better prevention and treatment. Methods: The protein levels were measured by western blotting or RT-qPCR. cardiomyocytes hypertrophy was evaluated by [3H]-leucine incorporation assay. oxidative stress was measured by corresponding detection kits. The target relationship was measured by Luciferase reporter gene assay. Morphological change of cardiomyocyte was measured by immunofluorescence staining. Results: In our study, we for the first time revealed the effects and regulatory mechanism of miR-296-5p in cardiac hypertrophy in vitro . We found suppressed expression of miR-129-5p and elevated expression of keap-1 in Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model. MiR-129-5p mimic effectively suppressed Ang II-induced hypertrophic responses and oxidative stress. Further experiments showed that keap-1 is a target of miR-129-5p, and miR-129-5p inhibitor promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and oxidative stress by elevating keap-1. Besides, si-keap-1 mediated the activation of Nrf2 pathway, while miR-129-5p inhibitor inactivated the Nrf2 pathway by further elevating keap-1. Conclusions: MiR-129-5p mimic protects against Ang II induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activating Nrf2 pathway by targeting keap-1.
Risk Factors for postoperative shoulder pain of acromioclavicular joint dislocation treat with hook plate
Authors: Xu Ding , Lou Weigang , Luo Peng , Shi Yulong , Guo Weijun , Chen Jianming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Postoperative shoulder pain was a most common complication after clavicular hook plate treatment for acromioclavicular joint dislocation. However, the researches on its risk factors were rare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidences of postoperative shoulder pain of acromioclavicular joint dislocation treat with hook plate and to identify risk factors in patients with an acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Method: We retrospectively analyzed the prospectively collected data from 310 consecutive patients with AC joint dislocation between December 2014 and August 2019 at our institute. Patients rated the average intensity of shoulder pain using an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS). The dependent variable was the presence of moderate-to-severe neck pain (NRS ≥4) at the last follow-up when the internal fixation will be removed. The independent variables included age, gender, body-mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption, type of injury, Rockwood Classification, site of injury, operation time, injury-to-surgery, DHA, DH and AHP. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors of moderate-to-severe shoulder pain of acromioclavicular joint dislocation treat with hook plate. Results: A total of 292 patients were included in the study and 18 cases were lost to follow-up. The follow-up rate was 94.1%. In all cases, there were 166 male cases and 126 female cases. Of these cases, the NRS < 4 group had 219 patients. Among them, there were 120 males and 99 females. 12 patients were lost to follow-up. There were 73 patients in NRS ≥ 4 group, 46 males and 27 females. 6 cases were lost to follow-up. The number of patient in NRS ≥ 4 group accounted for about 25.0% of the total cases. DH was the significant independent risk factor for postoperative shoulder pain of acromioclavicular joint dislocation treat with hook plate. DHA and AHP were also independent factors of postoperative shoulder pain, but they were all protective. Conclusions: DH was the significant independent risk factor for postoperative shoulder pain of acromioclavicular joint dislocation treat with hook plate. DHA and AHP were also independent factors of postoperative shoulder pain, but they were all protective. We should try to refer to these factors to avoid postoperative shoulder pain when performing clinical operations.
Displaced Type II Odontoid Fracture with Congenital Proximal Cervical Spine Anomalies Treated with Noninvasive Halo Vest: Clinical, Functional And Radiological Outcome. A Case Report.
Authors: Eltayeb Mustafa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Study Design: A retrospective study. Objective: To evaluate the clinical, functional and radiological outcomes of noninvasive halo in the treatment of a displaced type 2 odontoid fracture in a patient with congenital proximal cervical spine anomalies. Case report: A 42 years old male applied to our institution 2 years ago with the complaint of neck pain after falling down from a 10 meters height. The patient was neurologically intact and diagnosed as displaced type 2 odontoid fracture. The patient had congenital elongated odontoid process and posterior fusion of C2-C3. Against medical advice the patient refused surgery and also refused the invasive halo vest. Noninvasive halo vest was applied for 8 weeks. The patient was followed up clinically radiologically and functionally. Results: Neurological status remained same till the last follow up which was ASIA E. VAS score was 9 initially and it was improved up to 2 during the last follow up. The patient had normal range of motion during the last follow up. Reduction of the fracture was maintained and fracture healed after 8 weeks confirmed by X-ray. Initially Patient had transient facial edema subsided by day 4, pressure ulcer which responded to dressing, also the patient had difficulties to chew hard food and self-hygiene. Conclusion : Noninvasive halo can be a salvage option to reduce type 2 displaced odontoid fractures. Maintaining range of motion of cervical spine especially in young patient with proximal cervical spine congenital anomalies. In addition it is more Cost effective than surgery.