bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3-Dimensional objective aesthetic evaluation to replace panel assessment after breast-conserving treatment
Authors: Godden Amy R. , O’Connell Rachel L. , Barry Peter A. , Krupa Katherine C. D. , Wolf Lisa M. , Mohammed Kabir , Kirby Anna M. , Rusby Jennifer E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTwo-thirds of patients with early breast cancer undergo breast-conserving treatment (BCT). Aesthetic outcome is important and has long term implications for psychosocial wellbeing. The aesthetic goal of BCT is symmetry for which there is no gold-standard measure. Panel scoring is the most widely adopted assessment but has well-described limitations. This paper describes a model to objectively report aesthetic outcome using measures derived from 3-dimensional surface images (3D-SI).MethodObjective measures and panel assessment were undertaken independently for 3D-SI of women who underwent BCT 1–5 years previously. Univariate analysis was used to test for association between measures and panel score. A forward stepwise multiple linear regression model was fitted to identify 3D measurements that jointly predicted the mean panel score. The fitted model coefficients were used to predict mean panel scores for an independent validation set then compared to the mean observed panel score.ResultsVery good intra-panel reliability was observed for the training and validation sets (wκ = 0.87, wκ = 0.84). Six 3D-measures were used in the multivariate model. There was a good correlation between the predicted and mean observed panel score in the training (n = 190) and validation (n = 100) sets (r = 0.68,r = 0.65). The 3D model tended to predict scores towards the median. The model was calibrated which improved the distribution of predicted scores.ConclusionA six-variable objective aesthetic outcome model for BCT has been described and validated. This can predict and could replace panel assessment, facilitating the independent and unbiased evaluation of aesthetic outcome to communicate and compare results, benchmark practice, and raise standards.
Regression Models for Compositional Data: General Log-Contrast Formulations, Proximal Optimization, and Microbiome Data Applications
Authors: Combettes Patrick L. , Müller Christian L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCompositional data sets are ubiquitous in science, including geology, ecology, and microbiology. In microbiome research, compositional data primarily arise from high-throughput sequence-based profiling experiments. These data comprise microbial compositions in their natural habitat and are often paired with covariate measurements that characterize physicochemical habitat properties or the physiology of the host. Inferring parsimonious statistical associations between microbial compositions and habitat- or host-specific covariate data is an important step in exploratory data analysis. A standard statistical model linking compositional covariates to continuous outcomes is the linear log-contrast model. This model describes the response as a linear combination of log-ratios of the original compositions and has been extended to the high-dimensional setting via regularization. In this contribution, we propose a general convex optimization model for linear log-contrast regression which includes many previous proposals as special cases. We introduce a proximal algorithm that solves the resulting constrained optimization problem exactly with rigorous convergence guarantees. We illustrate the versatility of our approach by investigating the performance of several model instances on soil and gut microbiome data analysis tasks.
Towards a Critical Sociology of Children’s Leisure
Authors: Mukherjee Utsa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, I contend that the sociology of leisure in particular and leisure studies in general has been shaped by adult-centric assumptions which have marginalized children’s perspectives on and experiences of leisure within theory building exercises. Consequently, leisure researchers who do empirical work on children’s leisure have largely eschewed critical debates about children’s agency, social positioning and lived citizenship among others that have been developed by the ‘new’ sociology of childhood. Failure to build bridges with other areas of scholarship such as sociological childhood studies, has intensified the intellectual isolation of leisure research. Here, I propose a sustained dialogue between leisure studies and childhood studies which will not only widen the intellectual breadth of leisure theory and make it more inclusive, but also enable leisure studies to have an impact on the new social studies of childhood. In illustrating what such a collaboration might entail, I outline a conceptual schema of three interlocking genres of children’s leisure – namely organized, family and casual leisure – based on existing studies conducted by researchers in leisure, childhood and family studies that offer a roadmap for the development of a new critical sociology of children’s leisure.
Interrogating an ICD-coded electronic health records database to characterize the epidemiology of prosopagnosia
Authors: Pressl Christina , Jiang Caroline S. , Correa da Rosa Joel , Friedrich Maximilian , Vaughan Roger , Freiwald Winrich A. , Tobin Jonathan N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Recognition of faces of family members, friends, and colleagues is an important skill essential for everyday life. Individuals affected by prosopagnosia (face blindness) have difficulty recognizing familiar individuals. The prevalence of prosopagnosia has been estimated to be as high as 3%. Prosopagnosia can severely impact the quality of life of those affected, and it has been suggested to co-occur with conditions such as depression and anxiety.

Methods:
To determine real-world diagnostic frequency of prosopagnosia and the spectrum of its comorbidities, we utilized a large database of more than 7.5 million de-identified electronic health records (EHRs) from patients who received care at major academic health centers and Federally Qualified Health Centers in New York City. We designed a computable phenotype to search the database for diagnosed cases of prosopagnosia, revealing a total of n = 902 cases. In addition, data from a randomly sampled matched control population (n = 100,973) were drawn from the database for comparative analyses to study the condition’s comorbidity landscape. Diagnostic frequency of prosopagnosia, epidemiological characteristics, and comorbidity landscape were assessed.

Results:
We observed prosopagnosia diagnoses at a rate of 0.012% (12 per 100,000 individuals). We discovered elevated frequency of prosopagnosia diagnosis for individuals who carried certain comorbid conditions, such as personality disorder, depression, epilepsy, and anxiety. Moreover, prosopagnosia diagnoses increased with the number of comorbid conditions.

Conclusions:
Results from this study show a wide range of comorbidities and suggest that prosopagnosia is vastly underdiagnosed. Findings imply important clinical consequences for the diagnosis and management of prosopagnosia as well as its comorbid conditions.
Learning gaps among statistical competencies for clinical and translational science learners
Authors: Oster Robert A. , Devick Katrina L. , Thurston Sally W. , Larson Joseph J. , Welty Leah J. , Nietert Paul J. , Pollock Brad H. , Pomann Gina-Maria , Spratt Heidi , Lindsell Christopher J. , Enders Felicity T. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Statistical literacy is essential in clinical and translational science (CTS). Statistical competencies have been published to guide coursework design and selection for graduate students in CTS. Here, we describe common elements of graduate curricula for CTS and identify gaps in the statistical competencies.

Methods:
We surveyed statistics educators using e-mail solicitation sent through four professional organizations. Respondents rated the degree to which 24 educational statistical competencies were included in required and elective coursework in doctoral-level and master’s-level programs for CTS learners. We report competency results from institutions with Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs), reflecting institutions that have invested in CTS training.

Results:
There were 24 CTSA-funded respondents representing 13 doctoral-level programs and 23 master’s-level programs. For doctoral-level programs, competencies covered extensively in required coursework for all doctoral-level programs were basic principles of probability and hypothesis testing, understanding the implications of selecting appropriate statistical methods, and computing appropriate descriptive statistics. The only competency extensively covered in required coursework for all master’s-level programs was understanding the implications of selecting appropriate statistical methods. The least covered competencies included understanding the purpose of meta-analysis and the uses of early stopping rules in clinical trials. Competencies considered to be less fundamental and more specialized tended to be covered less frequently in graduate courses.

Conclusion:
While graduate courses in CTS tend to cover many statistical fundamentals, learning gaps exist, particularly for more specialized competencies. Educational material to fill these gaps is necessary for learners pursuing these activities.
Trusted Smart Statistics: How new data will change official statistics
Authors: Ricciato Fabio , Wirthmann Albrecht , Hahn Martina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this discussion paper, we outline the motivations and the main principles of the Trusted Smart Statistics (TSS) concept that is under development in the European Statistical System. TSS represents the evolution of official statistics in response to the challenges posed by the new datafied society. Taking stock from the availability of new digital data sources, new technologies, and new behaviors, statistical offices are called nowadays to rethink the way they operate in order to reassert their role in modern democratic society. The issue at stake is considerably broader and deeper than merely adapting existing processes to embrace so-called Big Data. In several aspects, such evolution entails a fundamental paradigm shift with respect to the legacy model of official statistics production based on traditional data sources, for example, in the relation between data and computation, between data collection and analysis, between methodological development and statistical production, and of course in the roles of the various stakeholders and their mutual relationships. Such complex evolution must be guided by a comprehensive system-level view based on clearly spelled design principles. In this paper, we aim at providing a general account of the TSS concept reflecting the current state of the discussion within the European Statistical System.
Detecting carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) carriage: Which body site should be cultured?
Authors: Nutman Amir , Temkin Elizabeth , Lellouche Jonathan , Ben David Debby , Schwartz David , Carmeli Yehuda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe compared the yield of culturing various body sites to detect carriage of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB). Culturing the skin using a premoistened sponge, with overnight enrichment and plating on CHROMagar MDR Acinetobacter, had the highest yield: 92%. Skin is satisfactory as a single site for active surveillance of CRAB.
Clostridioides difficile toxin testing and positivity in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Righolt Christiaan H. , Zhang Geng , Hammond Gregory W. , Lagace-Wiens Philippe , Mahmud Salaheddin M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe assessed Clostridioides difficile toxin testing and positivity for all patients in Manitoba hospitals during June 2016–November 2018. The testing rate was 30 per 10,000 patient bed days (95% confidence interval [CI], 30–31) and the incidence rate was 3.5 per 10,000 patient bed days (95% CI, 3.3–3.7). The context of testing is essential to the interpretation of data among jurisdictions.
Fracture characteristics of Lower Carboniferous carbonates in northern Belgium based on FMI log analyses
Authors: van der Voet Eva , Laenen Ben , Rombaut Bernd , Kourta Mourad , Swennen Rudy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecently drilled geothermal boreholes in Mol, northern Belgium, provide new information on the Lower Carboniferous carbonates in the Campine–Brabant Basin. Because of low primary porosity, fractures in these limestones and dolostones are of major importance for reservoir permeability. The Fullbore Formation MicroImager (FMI) log of the MOL-GT-01 borehole enabled interpretation of bed boundaries and fractures in the subsurface. Relationships between the frequency of these fractures and bed thickness, lithology variations and the presence of faults were explored. The results show that thick beds contain relatively few fractures and thin beds relatively many. Except for lower values in shaly intervals, the fracture frequency (number per metre) is largely independent of lithology. Zones with substantial changes in the structural dip (called a cusp) and/or azimuth of bed boundaries were identified. The clearest cusp is present at a depth of 3284 m. Since the presence of a normal fault is most likely regarding the local and regional geology, this cusp likely resembles a fault-tip fold of a WSW-ward dipping normal fault with an inclination of at least 54°. It is uncertain whether the borehole crossed the fault itself or only a monocline on top of it. Fracture frequency is increased in the vicinity of the interpreted possible faults. Up to a vertical distance ofc.45 m from the faults, the mean fracture frequency is higher than in a non-faulted zone with similar lithology. However, frequency differences between these faulted and non-faulted zones are mostly insignificant, so no clear damage zones are present.
La conception aristotélicienne de la servilité dans l’Éthiqueet laPolitique
Authors: RODRIGUE LOUISE 
Published: June 2020

RÉSUMÉNovateur à plusieurs égards, l'ouvrage influent de Richard Bodéüs,Le philosophe et la cité, paru en 1982, propose notamment une réinterprétation de la notion complexe de phrónēsis. C'est dans cette foulée que se situe la présente contribution, dont l'objectif est d'analyser une de ses formes plus modeste, l’économie, dans sa partie qui implique le rapport avec les personnes non-libres. À la lumière des observations de Richard Bodéüs sur le commandement, les positions aristotéliciennes concernant la relation maître-esclave seront remises en perspective. Cette démarche conduira, en deuxième partie, à montrer l'extension de la notion servilité, plus large qu'on ne l'admet généralement, ce qui donnera à voir en quoi la nature humaine est esclave, selon le mot du Stagirite (MétaphysiqueA 2, 982b29-30).
Comment on ‘Open-boundary spectral and flux-balance Vlasov simulation by A. Klimas and A. Viñas’
Authors: Klimas Alexander J. , Viñas Adolfo. F. 
Published: June 2020

An error in Klimas & Viñas (J. Plasma Phys., vol. 85 (6), 2019, 905850610) is noted and explained. It is shown that the results in Klimas and Viñas were unaffected by the error. Further ramifications for future non-periodic spectral simulations are discussed.
The use of proteomics for the identification of promising vaccine and diagnostic biomarkers in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Mansouri Reza , Ali-Hassanzadeh Mohammad , Shafiei Reza , Savardashtaki Amir , Karimazar Mohammadreza , Anvari Enayat , Nguewa Paul , Rashidi Sajad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum is the main cause of severe malaria in humans that can lead to death. There is growing evidence of drug-resistance in P. falciparum treatment, and the design of effective vaccines remains an ongoing strategy to control the disease. On the other hand, the recognition of specific diagnostic markers for P. falciparum can accelerate the diagnosis of this parasite in the early stages of infection. Therefore, the identification of novel antigenic proteins especially by proteomic tools is urgent for vaccination and diagnosis of P. falciparum. The proteome diversity of the life cycle stages of P. falciparum, the altered proteome of P. falciparum-infected human sera and altered proteins in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes could be proposed as appropriate proteins for the aforementioned aims. Accordingly, this review highlights and proposes different proteins identified using proteomic approaches as promising markers in the diagnosis and vaccination of P. falciparum. It seems that most of the candidates identified in this study were able to elicit immune responses in the P. falciparum-infected hosts and they also played major roles in the life cycle, pathogenicity and key pathways of this parasite.
Dogs of the British Antarctic Expedition 1910–13
Authors: Alp Bill 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article tells the story of the dog teams of the British Antarctic Expedition 1910–13. Its purpose is to establish an accurate record of sledge dog involvement in the expedition. It is not concerned with hypotheses about how a better outcome for the expedition might have been achieved, aiming simply to assemble and analyse verifiable evidence in chronological order. A substantial amount of research has been undertaken. Straightforward details about procurement of the dogs and their main Antarctic journeys have been summarised in tabular form as an accessible reference source for future work. A literature review has been undertaken, finding that none of the reviewed works accurately traces the evolving plans and instructions for the expedition’s dog teams. The story starts with Scott’s September 1909 public fundraising prospectus and goes on to the procurement and training of Huskies from Siberia. It traces the challenges, achievements, attitudes and management decisions that shaped the dogs’ main journeys. It finishes with Terra Nova leaving the Antarctic, with the last 13 dogs in January 1913. The dog teams and their handlers performed well in the Antarctic and successfully completed three of their four main journeys. They made a substantial contribution to the expedition.
On the implications of object permanence: Microhistorical insights from Piaget's new theory
Authors: Burman Jeremy Trevelyan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The authors’ arguments reflect the dominant traditions of American Psychology. In doing so, however, they miss relevant insights omitted during the original importation (translation and popularization) of the foreign sources that informed the theories they built upon. Of particular relevance here are Piaget's last studies. These are presented to unpack the meaning of “object permanence” as a kind of representation.
The role of sleep in the formation and updating of abstract mental representations
Authors: Visalli Antonino , Cellini Nicola 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
According to Gilead and colleagues, to be efficient abstraction requires a hierarchical organization of information into long-term memory. But, how and when are abstract representations consolidated into long-term memory and how are they integrated with pre-existing abstracta are questions not discussed by Gilead and colleagues. Here, we propose that these processes occur preferentially during offline periods such as sleep.
Above and beyond the content: Feelings influence mental simulations
Authors: Mrkva Kellen , Cian Luca , Van Boven Leaf 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gilead et al. present a rich account of abstraction. Though the account describes several elements which influence mental representation, it is worth also delineating how feelings, such as fluency and emotion, influence mental simulation. Additionally, though past experience can sometimes make simulations more accurate and worthwhile (as Gilead et al. suggest), many systematic prediction errors persist despite substantial experience.
Neuronal codes for predictive processing in cortical layers
Authors: Petro Lucy S. , Muckli Lars 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Predictive processing as a computational motif of the neocortex needs to be elaborated into theories of higher cognitive functions that include simulating future behavioural outcomes. We contribute to the neuroscientific perspective of predictive processing as a foundation for the proposed representational architectures of the mind.
Electron Matter Interaction
Authors: Zeitler E. 
Published: June 2020

The organizing committee of a congress as large as this one attempts to make available as much pertinent information as possible. To that end a variety of platforms are employed, and a wide range of topics are chosen. Our particular interdisciplinary symposium deals with radiation damage, and I am charged with talking about electronmatter interaction. The stage should be set for the speakers who follow by introducing the terminology and explaining the physics behind the events.Electron-matter interaction is a universal process, because electrons can be excited and freed from matter by relatively low energies, and then those electrons can, in turn, react with matter. In the fluorescent light, in your car battery, or in your television set at home such electron-matter interaction takes place. From these ubiquitous events we select the pertinent electron-matter interactions which are germane to our professional metier--that is, electron microscopy.
Introduction and State of the Art
Authors: Cosslett V.E. 
Published: June 2020

The invitation to give this opening survey included the suggestion to
say something about past as well as future developments, about yesterday as
well as tomorrow. A retrospective view is in any event obligatory if the
present state of the subject is to be properly displayed, and I am happy to
adopt this approach.
It happens that recently we added an original RCA type EMB instrument to
our historical collection in the Cavendish Laboratory, that goes back
through Bragg and Eutherford to Thomson, Eayleigh and Maxwell. My first
experience of electron microscopy was in fact gained on the EMB, and soon
afterwards on the 1940 Siemens UM100. So I thought it would be interesting
to compare the present generation of microscopes with those old
originals.
Aberration Correction in Electron Microscopy
Authors: Koops H. 
Published: June 2020

Most presently available fixed-beam transmission electron microscopes
(FBEM) yield a resolution limit close to the theoretically predicted value
which is determined by diffraction and by the spherical aberration of the
objective lens.
The larger the aperture the better is the collection efficiency of the
elastically scattered electrons forming the image. To increase the useful
objective aperture it is necessary to overcome the spherical aberration. In
the case of a phase contrast image it is possible, at least in principle, to
compensate the effect of the spherical aberration by subsequent holographic
processing of the electron micrograph.
Characterisation of Lattice Defects
Authors: Hirsch P.B. 
Published: June 2020

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful technique for characterising lattice defects. Image contrast arises from local changes in scattering either due to displacements of atoms or change of type of atom, vacancies, interstitials, etc. The intensities of the diffracted beams are changed in a manner characteristic of the type of defect, and there is a corresponding characteristic image in the TEM.Basically two types of technique based on diffraction are available:- 1) Those in which defect images are produced without resolving the crystal lattice or structure. 2) Those in which the crystal structure is resolved. The first of these has so far had more general application, and the interpretation of the contrast effects of most variant of this technique is based on the many-beam dynamical theory of electron diffraction foi imperfect crystals developed by Howie and Whelan (1961).