bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The human gut archaeome: identification of diverse haloarchaea in Korean subjects
Authors: Kim Joon Yong , Whon Tae Woong , Lim Mi Young , Kim Yeon Bee , Kim Namhee , Kwon Min-Sung , Kim Juseok , Lee Se Hee , Choi Hak-Jong , Nam In-Hyun , Chung Won-Hyung , Kim Jung-Ha , Bae Jin-Woo , Roh Seong Woon , Nam Young-Do 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Archaea are the least-studied members of the gut-dwelling autochthonous microbiota. Few studies have reported the exclusive dominance of methanogens in the archaeal microbiome (archaeome) of the human gut, although information regarding the diversity and abundance of other archaeal phylotypes is limited. Results We surveyed the archaeome in the faecal samples collected from 897 normal East Asian subjects living in South Korea. In total, 42.47% faecal samples were positive for archaeal colonization, which were subsequently subjected to archaeal 16S rRNA gene deep sequencing and abundance estimation. The mean archaeal abundance was 9.89 ± 4.48% of the total bacterial and archaeal abundance. We observed extensive colonization of haloarchaea (95.53%) in the Korean gut, with 9.63% mean relative abundance in archaeal communities. Haloarchaea were relatively more abundant than methanogens in certain samples. The presence of haloarchaea was also verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Owing to large inter-individual variations, we categorized the human gut archaeome into four archaeal enterotypes. Conclusions The study demonstrated that the human gut archaeome is indigenous, responsive, and functional, expanding our understanding of the archaeal signature in the gut of normal healthy individuals.
Benchmarking the research track record and level of appointment of Australian medical laboratory science academics
Authors: Donkin Rebecca , Broome Kieran , Swanepoel Libby 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Benchmarking across and within universities is a common tool to evaluate performance of a program and maintain accreditation requirements. While teaching remains a primary responsibility of many academics, academic research performance is a major contributor towards career advancement and standards in the medical laboratory science profession. While anecdotal evidence suggests academics are active contributors to the evidence base of the profession, there is a high variability in research output in relation to institution and level of appointment. The aim of the study was to benchmark the research track record of Australian medical laboratory science academics and provide insight into how research productivity informs the level of appointment of academics across their career pathway.Methods A bibliographic analysis of Australian medical laboratory science faculty websites and corresponding Scopus citation database profiles was conducted. A description of current research track record and relationships with holding a doctorate, academic appointment level, research and teaching interests, and institutional characteristics were explored. Quantitative data and frequencies were analysed using IBM SPSS version 26 to benchmark research track records by academic appointment level.Results There were 124 academics identified from thirteen universities who had a teaching and research position in an undergraduate medical laboratory science program in Australia. Academics at the level of lecturer or higher typically held a doctorate (89%). Holding a doctorate strongly influenced the number of publications. The top 20% of researchers authored around half of the overall publications. The majority of academics did not have alignment of their major research and teaching areas however, alignment had no influence on number of publications. There was, however, an inconsistent relationship between metropolitan or regional university location and the number of publications.Conclusion Data from this study provides academics with benchmarks for the research track record required at each level of appointment. When drawing conclusions on academic progression, promotion and tenure through research track record it would be mindful to assess each on a case by case basis. Institution (metropolitan versus regional) and research interest appears to influence publication number, h -index and citation scores.
Clinical results of cannulated screw internal fixation via direct anterior approach for femoral neck fractures in young adults: a retrospective study
Authors: Yuan Yi , Huang Rui , Yang Jia-fu , Li Fa-dong , xu zu-jian , Luo Bing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of open reduction and cannulated screw fixation via direct anterior approach (DAA) for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults. Methods: The data from 43 young patients with irreducible femoral neck fractures who underwent this procedure from January 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Garden's alignment index was measured after the operation and at the final follow-up to determine the reduction quality, and the Harris score was recorded at the final follow-up to assess hip function. Results: The average follow-up duration was 19 months (range, 12-31 months). Implant failure was observed in 3 cases and was associated with femoral neck shortening, and nonunion occurred in 2 patients. A total of 6 patients Exhibited features of avascular necrosis (AVN), four of whom (Ficat grade III) underwent total hip arthroplasty and two of whom (Ficat grade II) were asymptomatic at the final follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences in Garden's alignment index, as measured on X-ray radiographs, immediately after surgery and at the final follow-up. At the final follow-up, the mean Harris score was 82.41±14.06. The Harris score was considered excellent for 17 cases, good for 13 cases, fair for 3 cases, and poor for 4 cases. The rate of excellent and good outcomes was 81.1%. Conclusions: For cases of irreducible femoral neck fractures, open reduction and cannulated screw fixation via DAA can yield relatively good clinical outcomes.
Factors underlying effective clinical education: Perceptions of physiotherapy students and preceptors.
Authors: Ramakrishnan Senthilnathan , Bairapareddy Kalyana Chakravarthy 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Clinical education is the cornerstone of physiotherapy education and it plays a pivotal role in shaping physiotherapy students’ attitude towards future professional practice. But the implementation of physiotherapy clinical education varies significantly between the institutions. Clinical educators adapt various strategies to teach students in the clinical settings which have several advantages as well as disadvantages. Research has shown several factors influencing the clinical education of healthcare students and the objective of this study was to explore the factors that affect the effectiveness of clinical education of physiotherapy students. Methods This research used mixed-methods approach and included 34 physiotherapy students and 26 clinical educators. Data collection was conducted in two stages. First stage of data collection used a 13 items survey at the end of 12 weeks of clinical placements to collect the student’s perspectives about clinical education. Then the second stage of data collection used semi-structured interviews that included both students and clinical educators. Results Descriptive statistics of the survey was useful to analyze the survey results and majority of students reported clinical education was effective and high levels of satisfaction was found among the students about the placement environments and clinical educator skills. Clinical education fulfilled students learning needs and the educators provided necessary support and supervision. However, the findings showed few factors hindering the effectiveness of clinical education and the qualitative study was useful in exploring those factors that are related students, clinical educators and the physiotherapy curriculum. Conclusion The findings of this study are useful to clinical educators, students and academic leaders in physiotherapy as it provides an insight into the factors that affect the effectiveness of clinical education and recommends evidence-based educational strategies to overcome those factors.
Spatial Filtering for Enhanced High-Density Surface Electromyographic Examination of Neuromuscular Changes and Its Application to Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Xinhui , Tang Xiao , Chen Xun , Chen Xiang , Zhou Ping 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Spatial filtering of multi-channel signals is considered to be an effective pre-processing approach for improving signal-to-noise ratio. The use of spatial filtering for preprocessing high-density (HD) surface electromyogram (sEMG) helps to extract critical spatial information, but its application to non-invasive examination of neuromuscular changes have not been well investigated.Methods: Aimed at evaluating how spatial filtering can facilitate examination of muscle paralysis, three different spatial filtering methods are presented using principle component analysis (PCA) algorithm, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm, and both combination, respectively. Their performance was evaluated in terms of diagnostic power, through HD-sEMG clustering index (CI) analysis of neuromuscular changes in paralyzed muscles following spinal cord injury (SCI).Results: The experimental results showed that: 1) The CI analysis of conventional single-channel sEMG can reveal complex neuromuscular changes in paralyzed muscles following SCI, and its diagnostic power has been confirmed to be characterized by the variance of Z-scores; 2) the diagnostic power was highly dependent on the location of sEMG recording channel. Directly averaging the CI diagnostic indicators over channels just reached a medium level of the diagnostic power; 3) the use of either PCA-based or NMF-based filtering method yielded a greater diagnostic power, and their combination could even enhance the diagnostic power significantly.Conclusions: This study not only presents an essential preprocessing approach for improving diagnostic power of HD-sEMG, but also helps to develop a standard sEMG preprocessing pipeline, thus promoting its widespread application.
Analysis the susceptibility of lung cancer patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Kong Qi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Recent studies have reported that 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients with lung cancer have a higher risk of severe events than patients without cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) receptor angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the cellular protease transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and their associations with prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). We found that there are significant differences in susceptibility to SAR-CoV-2 among each age stages of individuals with the expression of ACE2. ACE2 was also high expressed in LUAD and LUSC, and this suggests that COVID-19 patients with lung cancers are susceptible to SAR-CoV-2 infection. Our data showed the differential gene expression level and gene coexpression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 among each subtypes and pathological stages of LUAD and LUSC and the data were verified by meta-analysis, gene expression omnibus (GEO) data and animal models results.
First report of a stunt nematode Tylenchorhynchus zeae on corn in Gansu Province, China
Authors: Xu Zhi Peng , Li Hui Xia , Liu Yong Gang , Ren Bao Cang , Ni Chun Hui , Ma Jin Hui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
During a survey of plant parasitic nematodes in 2019, at Gansu Province, China, the stunt nematode Tylenchorhynchus zeae was found parasitizing corn seedlings. Females, males and juveniles of T. zeae were observed on soil and roots samples of corn after processing and extraction. This population of stunt nematodes was identified based on morphological and by sequencing the ITS1 region of rDNA and D2/D3 fragments of the 28 S rRNA. The ITS1 and the D2/D3 sequences of this population, shared 99.00 to 99.05% and 99.43 to 99.73% of similarity with sequences corresponding to T. zeae in GenBank, respectively. This is the first report of T. zeae infecting corn in Gansu Province, northwest China.
Engaging stakeholders for improved IAM implementation
Authors: Malm A. , Löfdahl G.-M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
There are major challenges for water infrastructure asset management in the public sector of Sweden. Necessary intensity of reinvestments is too low and simultaneously stakeholders find it difficult to source qualified personnel. By implementing comprehensive methods such as Infrastructure Asset Management (IAM) processes, efficiency can be improved and to some extent can compensate for lack of human and economic resources. The Mistra InfraMaint research programme is building and disseminating knowledge of sustainable, effective and efficient maintenance of infrastructure. Involving stakeholders is found to be effective to transfer the research into practice. The cooperation between researchers and stakeholders has already started the application phase, giving the opportunity to meet, get to know each other and discuss the importance and priorities. For further in depth involvement of stakeholders, six of the PhD students are industrial PhD students, situated within the municipal companies' organisations. Also, the competence building parts of the programme will be done in co-creation with the stakeholders. In the coming years, Mistra InfraMaint will contribute with innovative and applicable knowledge, and increase utilization of new technologies, approaches and methods. Dissemination of the results will lead to increased competence and contribute to better IAM within relevant organisations.
Development and Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablets Containing Ketoprofen
Authors: Oliveira Laiane J. , Veiga Andressa , Stofella Nayana C. F. , Cunha Aline Carolina , da Graça T. Toledo Maria , Andreazza Itamar F. , Murakami Fabio S. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Orodispersible Tablets (ODTs) are an option to facilitate the intake of pharmaceutical
solid dosage forms, which dissolve in the mouth within 30 seconds releasing the drug immediately
with no need for water intake or chewing.

Objective:
The main goal of our study is the technological development of lactose-free orodispersible
tablets that contain ketoprofen.

Methods:
We assessed different variables during the pharmaceutical development of ODTs: compression
techniques conducted after a wet granulation process, aiming to optimize the flow properties of the
formulation, and a suspension freeze-drying molded in blisters. We developed three formulations for
each method, each containing one of the superdisintegrants: croscarmellose, crospovidone, or starch
glycolate.

Result:
During the production of ODTs, we performed quality control of the granulation process, since
the production of pellets contributed to the enhancement of the disintegration time and content homogeneity.
Quality control tests for ODTs produced by freeze-drying were also satisfactory, despite significant
changes in the final physical aspect of these products when compared to that of ODTs produced
by compression. In addition, the disintegration times of ODTs produced by freeze-drying were substantially
higher. Furthermore, these tablets displayed greater friability and pose a challenge to the control
of a standard individual weight.

Conclusion:
Among the superdisintegrants, croscarmellose contributed most significantly to reduce the
disintegration time and to dissolve KTP effectively in 20 minutes.
Antihypertensive Therapy in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Narrative Review of the Available Clinical-Trial Evidence
Authors: Georgianos Panagiotis I. , Agarwal Rajiv 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Blood pressure (BP)-lowering with the use of antihypertensive drugs appears to
protect the cardiovascular (CV) system in hemodialysis patients. However, the optimal treatment algorithm
of hypertension remains elusive; extrapolation of clinical-trial evidence from the general population
may not be optimal.

Methods:
For this narrative review, we searched the Medline/PubMed database (inception to August 01,
2019) to identify randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs on CV
outcomes and mortality in patients on hemodialysis.

Results:
Randomized trials with angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensinreceptor-
blockers (ARBs) failed to provide consistent cardioprotection. β-blockers may provide a more
consistent CV benefit. Although some early clinical trials have shown that mineralocorticoid-receptorantagonists
(MRAs) reduce CV mortality, the associated risk of hyperkalemia raises important safety
concerns on the use of MRAs as add-on therapy.

Conclusion:
Our first-line therapy of hypertension in hemodialysis is the assessment and management
of dry-weight and optimization of dialysis prescription. Based on the available clinical-trial evidence,
we prescribe atenolol 3 times/week after dialysis as the first-line pharmacological option of hypertension
to our patients without specific indications for other agents. Long-acting dihydropyridines and
ACEIs/ARBs are our second-line and third-line choices, respectively. We avoid using MRAs and await
results from ongoing trials testing their safety and efficacy. In patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis,
randomized trials are clearly warranted in order to define BP targets and the comparative effectiveness
of different antihypertensive drugs.
Responses to External Emotions or their Transitions at Central to Peripheral Nervous System Levels: A Methodological Contribution to Mental Health
Authors: Zhang Bingren , Wang Chu , Shen Chanchan , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Responses to external emotional-stimuli or their transitions might help to
elucidate the scientific background and assist the clinical management of psychiatric problems, but
pure emotional-materials and their utilization at different levels of neurophysiological processing
are few.

Objective:
We aimed to describe the responses at central and peripheral levels in healthy volunteers
and psychiatric patients when facing external emotions and their transitions.

Methods:
Using pictures and sounds with pure emotions of Disgust, Erotica, Fear, Happiness, Neutral,
and Sadness or their transitions as stimuli, we have developed a series of non-invasive techniques,
i.e., the event-related potentials, functional magnetic resonance imaging, excitatory and
inhibitory brainstem reflexes, and polygraph, to assess different levels of neurophysiological responses
in different populations.

Results:
Sample outcomes on various conditions were specific and distinguishable at cortical to
peripheral levels in bipolar I and II disorder patients compared to healthy volunteers.

Conclusions:
Methodologically, designs with these pure emotions and their transitions are applicable,
and results per se are specifically interpretable in patients with emotion-related problems.
A biohasonló készítmények makrogazdasági lehetőségei a fejlett országokban
Authors: Halmosi Peter 
Published: March 2020

A krónikus betegségek gyógyításában az Európai Unióban 2006 óta, az Egyesült Államokban 2015 óta vannak forgalomban biohasonló (angolul: biosimilar)gyógyszerek. Jelentős piaci potenciáljuk és pozitív makrogazdasági hatásuk ellenére alkalmazásuk elterjedését megnehezíti az orvosszakmai bizonytalanság. Az originális és generikus készítmények mellett megjelenő hasonló biológiai gyógyszerkészítmények akár már középtávon jelentősen átalakíthatják az egészségügyi rendszer finanszírozását, megváltoztatva a gyógyszeripari cégek versenypozícióját, valamint az orvos-beteg-finanszírozó közötti információs háromszöget. Alkalmazásukban a szakemberek valamennyi fejlett országban komoly megtakarításokat valószínűsítenek az egészségügyi kiadásokban, habár az orvosi szakma az egy-egy terápiás területen megjelenő biohasonló készítmények használatával szemben gyakran ellenállást mutat. A biohasonló készítmények piaci forgalmazását, helyettesíthetőségét, ártámogatását maguk az egészségügyi kormányzati szervek is eltérően közelítik meg. A tanulmány célja a biohasonló készítményekben rejlő makrogazdasági lehetőségek és korlátok bemutatása az élen járó országokban.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kódok: H51, I11, I12, I18
Nephrology Fellows’ and Program Directors’ Perceptions of Hospital Rounds in the United States
Authors: Boyle Suzanne M. , Subedi Keshab , Pivert Kurtis A. , Harhay Meera Nair , Baynes-Fields Jaime , Goldman Jesse , Warburton Karen M. 
Published: March 2020

Background and objectives
Hospital rounds are a traditional vehicle for patient-care delivery and experiential learning for trainees. We aimed to characterize practices and perceptions of rounds in United States nephrology training programs.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a national survey of United States nephrology fellows and program directors. Fellows received the survey after completing the 2019 National Board of Medical Examiners Nephrology In-Training Exam. Program directors received the survey at the American Society of Nephrology’s 2019 Nephrology Training Program Directors’ Retreat. Surveys assessed the structure and perceptions of rounds, focusing on workload, workflow, value for patient care, and fellows’ clinical skill-building. Directors were queried about their expectations for fellow prerounds and efficiency of rounds. Responses were quantified by proportions.

Results
Fellow and program director response rates were 73% (n=621) and 70% (n=55). Most fellows (74%) report a patient census of >15, arrive at the hospital before 7:00 am (59%), and complete progress notes after 5:00 pm (46%). Among several rounding activities, fellows most valued bedside discussions for building their clinical skills (34%), but only 30% examine all patients with the attending at the bedside. Most directors (71%) expect fellows to both examine patients and collect data before attending-rounds. A majority (78%) of directors commonly complete their documentation after 5:00 pm, and for 36%, after 8:00 pm. Like fellows, directors most value bedside discussion for development of fellows’ clinical skills (44%). Lack of preparedness for the rigors of nephrology fellowship was the most-cited barrier to efficient rounds (31%).

Conclusions
Hospital rounds in United States nephrology training programs are characterized by high patient volumes, early-morning starts, and late-evening clinical documentation. Fellows use a variety of prerounding styles and examine patients at the beside with their attendings at different frequencies.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2020_03_17_CJN.10190819.mp3