bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal subfield volumetry from structural isotropic 1 mm3MRI scans: A note of caution
Authors: Wisse Laura E. M. , Chételat Gaël , Daugherty Ana M. , de Flores Robin , la Joie Renaud , Mueller Susanne G. , Stark Craig E. L. , Wang Lei , Yushkevich Paul A. , Berron David , Raz Naftali , Bakker Arnold , Olsen Rosanna K. , Carr Valerie A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpurred by availability of automatic segmentation software, in vivo MRI investigations of human hippocampal subfield volumes have proliferated in the recent years. However, a majority of these studies apply automatic segmentation to MRI scans with approximately 1 × 1 × 1 mm3 resolution, a resolution at which the internal structure of the hippocampus can rarely be visualized. Many of these studies have reported contradictory and often neurobiologically surprising results pertaining to the involvement of hippocampal subfields in normal brain function, aging, and disease. In this commentary, we first outline our concerns regarding the utility and validity of subfield segmentation on 1 × 1 × 1 mm3 MRI for volumetric studies, regardless of how images are segmented (i.e., manually or automatically). This image resolution is generally insufficient for visualizing the internal structure of the hippocampus, particularly the stratum radiatum lacunosum moleculare, which is crucial for valid and reliable subfield segmentation. Second, we discuss the fact that automatic methods that are employed most frequently to obtain hippocampal subfield volumes from 1 × 1 × 1 mm3 MRI have not been validated against manual segmentation on such images. For these reasons, we caution against using volumetric measurements of hippocampal subfields obtained from 1 × 1 × 1 mm3 images.
Long‐term donor site morbidity after radial forearm flap elevation for tongue reconstruction: Prospective observational study
Authors: Liu Jie , Liu Fei , Fang Qigen , Feng Juanjuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo assess long‐term donor site morbidity after radial forearm free (RFF) flap harvesting.MethodsEnrolled patients were asked to complete the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and undergo wrist motion and hand strength examinations at different time points. The data were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe postoperative DASH score did not return to normal until 24 months after the operation. The mean postoperative wrist motion degree of flexion was significantly decreased compared to the preoperative level and returned to normal at 12 months after the operation. Similar trends were noted regarding extension, radial abduction, and ulnar abduction. The mean postoperative grip strength was significantly decreased compared to the preoperative level and remained dysfunctional at 24 months after the operation. A similar trend was also noted with regard to tip pinch and key pinch.ConclusionThe long‐term negative effect on hand strength is sustained.
Driving performance, sleepiness, fatigue, and mental workload throughout the time course of semi‐automated driving—Experimental data from the driving simulator
Authors: Kaduk Sylwia I. , Roberts Aaron P. J. , Stanton Neville A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAutomation offers the potential to mitigate or reduce the risks related to driving. There are some new challenges for drivers related to semi‐automated driving. Some of them are associated with suboptimal mental workload or prolonged need for sustained attention. This paper presents the results of an experiment investigating differences in manual driving before and after the automated phase in the scenario simulating a time‐course of semi‐automated driving. Sample size: 52 participants with two experimental sessions each day and night session. The experiment used a driving simulator to create a semi‐automated driving scenario comprising manual driving, the automated phase, and manual driving. The following questionnaires were collected: Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Take‐Over Readiness Scale (developed for this research project, included in Appendix), Samn–Perelli Fatigue Scale, and NASA‐TLX. Driving performance significantly decreased after the automated phase (e.g., standard deviation of the steering wheel angle was 255.73 before vs. 287.11 after automation) and the effect was more profound during the night. Participants were sleepier and more fatigued after the automated phase, and assessed mental workload as lower. The results of the questionnaires did not correlate with driving performance. The results of the experiment suggest that manual driving could deteriorate after the automated phase, and that driver might not be able to assess their fitness to drive at the moment of take‐over of manual driving.
MHD bioconvection Darcy‐Forchheimer flow of Casson nanofluid over a rotating disk with entropy optimization
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Saeed Anwar , Khan Aurungzeb , Islam Saeed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we analyzed Darcy‐Forchheimer three‐dimensional bioconvection Casson nanofluid flow due to a rotating disk with entropy generation. The flow is considered with the outcome of thermal radiation and Arrhenius activation energy. For nondimensionality, we utilized the similarity transformations to deal with the problem equations. The homotopy analysis method is applied for the re‐creation of the modeled equations. The biothermal framework is investigated for all the implanted parameters whose impacts are observed through various graphs. There exist intriguing outcomes due to the impacts of various parameters on various distributions. Nanoparticles' concentration diminishes with expansion of the Schmidt parameter and Brownian motion constraint, whereas motile gyrotactic microorganisms' distribution diminishes with expansion of bioconvection Peclet and Lewis numbers. The entropy generation rate increases with the increase of the Brinkman number, Casson fluid parameters, and magnetic parameters. Enrichment in the Reynolds number () leads to a decrease in the entropy generation rate. Moreover, Bejan number reduces with escalating values of the magnetic parameter, Brinkman number, and Casson fluid parameters. Bejan number () is higher for larger Reynolds numbers and temperature difference parameter.
Turbulent liquid film evaporation in a partially heated wall along a vertical tube
Authors: Alami Samy , Feddaoui Mbarek , Nait Alla Abderrahman , Bammou Lahcen , Souhar Khalid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this numerical study, the evaporative heat and mass transfer of a turbulent falling liquid film in a finite vertical tube are investigated. The liquid film flows in the tube's inner wall, whose outer wall is partially subject to thermal flux. Here, different configurations corresponding to thermal flux imposed on different external surface wall percentages are examined. External face zones where the heat flux is not applied are maintained insulated. The nonlinear set of parabolic mass, momentum, energy, and mass fraction conservation equations combined with boundary and interfacial conditions are treated numerically using implicit finite difference procedure. For falling liquid film analysis, an adapted Van Driest turbulence model is used. For the present work, it is supposed that gas flows in a laminar regime. We examine in this paper the impact of the percentage of heated surface area on flows as well as on heat and mass transfer. Obtained results for a partially heated wall are compared with those produced for an entirely heated wall.
Risk Assessment of Water Quantity and Quality Stressors to Balance the Use and Protection of Vulnerable Water Resources
Authors: Wade Melissa , O'Brien Gordon C , Wepener Victor , Jewitt Graham 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In developing regions of the world, valuable and vulnerable water resources are being used excessively. Through water resource development, multiple water quality, flow, and other stressors threaten the sustainable use and protection of these resources. Few attempts have been made to evaluate the synergistic effects of multiple water quality and flow stressors to socioecological attributes of systems that we care about in integrated water resource management. Regional scale ecological risk assessments evaluate the probable negative effects of multiple stressors, affecting dynamic ecosystems on multiple spatial scales. The present study demonstrates how multiple water quality, flow, and other stressors that cumulatively affect the sustainability of the lower Thukela River, South Africa, can be evaluated using the relative risk model, Bayesian network (RRM-BN) approach. This risk assessment facilitated the establishment of minimum water quality and flow requirements to maintain the sustainability of this system and make water resource use and protection trade-off decisions. In this case study, the risk of 10 water resources use and protection scenarios were evaluated in a regional scale ecological risk assessment of the socioecological attributes of the lower Thukela River. In addition we evaluated the consequences associated with these scenarios based on risk pathways of multiple sources, stressors, and receptors to endpoints that represent the sustainable vision of multiple stakeholders of the system. The outcomes of the present study have contributed to new evidence to improve the water resource use efficiency and protect important resources of the lower Thukela River, to ensure sustainability. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:110–130. © 2020 SETAC
KEY POINTS
This application of the regional scale ecological risk assessment approach demonstrates how multiple stressors affecting dynamic water resources can be evaluated in a holistic manner to contribute to sustainable resource management. The application of the regional scale ecological risk assessment approach to the lower Thukela River, South Africa, contributes to an improved environmental performance of an industrial water resource user in a vulnerable socioecological system. The regional scale ecological risk assessment can be used to evaluate the relative risk of multiple stressors to social and ecological features that we care about in dynamic water resources in developing regions of the world. The regional scale ecological risk assessment has successfully been used to contribute to water resource trade-off decisions and management between the use and protection of vulnerable water resources and the communities who depend on them in Africa.
3D conditional generative adversarial network‐based synthetic medical image augmentation for lung nodule detection
Authors: Bu Tian , Yang Zhiyong , Jiang Shan , Zhang Guobin , Zhang Hongyun , Wei Lin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA computer‐aided detection (CADe) scheme, relying on a large number of high‐quality images with annotations, could help radiologists effectively detect lung nodules. However, such medical data are generally difficult to obtain. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel method based on a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) to generate new samples for data augmentation (DA). This method employs a 3D CGAN based on a squeeze‐and‐excitation mechanism and residual learning to synthesize realistic and diverse lung nodules in chest computed tomography (CT) images to improve the performance of the CADe system. To evaluate the proposed method, this paper uses synthetic samples for DA to train the lung nodule detection network. The results indicate that these synthetic samples, which cover a part of the data distribution unfilled by the original data, can boost the overall performance of the nodule detection network at fixed false positive (FP) rates.
A three dimensional in vivo model of breast cancer using a thermosensitive chitosan‐based hydrogel and 4 T1 cell line in Balb/c
Authors: Rezakhani Leila , Alizadeh Morteza , Alizadeh Akram 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe two‐dimensional (2D) models of breast cancer still exhibit a limited success. Whereas, three‐dimensional (3D) models provide more similar conditions to the tumor for growth of cancer cells. In this regard, a 3D in vivo model of breast cancer using 4 T1 cells and chitosan‐based thermosensitive hydrogel were designed. Chitosan/β‐glycerol phosphate hydrogel (Ch/β‐GP) was prepared with a final ratio of 2% and 10%. The hydrogel properties were examined by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, MTT assay, pH, scanning electron microscopy, and biodegradability assay. 3D model of breast cancer was induced by injection of 1 × 106 4 T1 cells in 100 μl hydrogel and 2D model by injection of 1 × 106 4 T1 cells in 100 μl phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) subcutaneously. After 3 weeks, induced tumors were evaluated by size and weight determination, ultrasound, hematoxylin‐ and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining and evaluating of cancer stem cells with CD44 and CD24 markers. The results showed that hydrogel with physiological pH had no cytotoxicity. In 3D model, tumor size and weight increased significantly (p ≤ .001) in comparison with 2D model. Histological and ultrasound analysis showed that 3D tumor model was more similar to breast cancer. Expression of CD44 and CD24 markers in the 3D model was more than 2D model (p ≤ .001). This 3D in vivo model of breast cancer mimicked native tumor and showed malignant tissue properties. Therefore, the use of such models can be effective in various cancer studies, especially in the field of cancer stem cells.
Inline and offline extracorporeal photopheresis: Device performance, cell yields and clinical response
Authors: Piccirillo Nicola , Putzulu Rossana , Massini Giuseppina , Di Giovanni Alessia , Giammarco Sabrina , Metafuni Elisabetta , Sica Simona , Zini Gina , Chiusolo Patrizia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an effective treatment for graft‐vs‐host‐disease (GvHD). Photopheresis can be performed in offline or inline method. The first uses a conventional cell separator for collection of mononuclear‐cells that are photoactivated by a separate device and manually reinfused; the second one involves a dedicated device performing the entire procedure (collection, photoactivation and reinfusion).Study design and methodsThe objective was to compare the two methods and cell product features to highlight key process, devices performance, and to evaluate ECP clinical response. Patients developing steroid‐resistant GvHD underwent ECP as second‐line treatment using either inline (Therakos CellEx) or offline system (Terumo BCT Spectra or Optia and UVA PIT system). Data about patients' features, pre‐apheresis blood‐count, cell product characteristics and clinical response were collected for analysis.ResultsWe evaluated 494 procedures performed on 28 patients from April 2018 to March 2019. The offline procedure allows to achieve greater cell yield, it is characterized by larger processed blood volume, longer runtime, and higher ACD consumption. The inline procedure shows shorter runtime, high mononuclear‐cells percentage and low percentage of granulocytes in cell product. We observed a significant difference in cell yields between inline and offline system; furthermore we did not find a significant relationship between cell dose and clinical response.ConclusionInline ECP is fast, highly automated and productive, making it particularly suitable for ECP treatments. Offline ECP collects high cell yields implying longer procedure and greater operator intervention. Our study did not find a significant relationship between cell dose and GVHD response.
Relational dialogue in emotion‐focused therapy
Authors: Elliott Robert , Macdonald James 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn emotion‐focused therapy (EFT) relational processes between the therapist and client are not normally an explicit focus unless the therapist and client encounter difficulties that interfere with therapeutic work. When this does happen, however, relational dialogue (including meta‐communication) becomes necessary. We present the principles and stages of the EFT task Relational Dialogue for Alliance Difficulties.Methods and ResultsAfter describing this little‐known task, we illustrate its application in the successful treatment of a severely socially anxious female client with complex trauma and emotional fragility. Using transcripts and detailed descriptions we highlight the alliance difficulty marker subtype, relational dialogue principles and the stages of EFT alliance difficulty work.
Clinical psychology PhD students' admission experiences: Implications for recruiting racial/ethnic minority and LGBTQ students
Authors: Hsueh Loretta , Werntz Alexandra , Hobaica Steven , Owens Sarah A. , Lumley Mark A. , Washburn Jason J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to explore differences in the clinical psychology PhD program admissions experience (i.e., interviewing and decision‐making) by race/ethnicity and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) identity.MethodsParticipants were 803 students (24% racial/ethnic minority; 19% LGBTQ) enrolled in US clinical psychology PhD programs. Two‐group comparisons tested for differences in admission experiences by race/ethnicity and LGBTQ identity.ResultsRacial/ethnic minority and LGBTQ students considered a programmatic commitment to diversity as more important in application decisions compared to non‐Hispanic White and cisgender heterosexual students, respectively. LGBTQ students were more likely to be advised to not discuss personal information (e.g., sexual orientation) than cisgender heterosexual students. Racial/ethnic minority and LGBTQ students identified financial considerations and program outcomes as more important in their decision‐making compared with non‐Hispanic White and cisgender heterosexual students, respectively.ConclusionIncreasing funding and fostering authentic training environments should be prioritized in institutional conversations around recruiting racial/ethnic minority and LGBTQ trainees.
Nitrogen supply and rainfall affect ammonia emissions from dairy cattle excreta and urea applied on warm‐climate pastures
Authors: Longhini Vanessa Zirondi , Cardoso Abmael da Silva , Berça Andressa Scholz , Boddey Robert Michael , Reis Ricardo Andrade , Dubeux Junior José Carlos Batista , Ruggieri Ana Cláudia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCattle excreta and nitrogen (N) fertilizer deposited on tropical grasslands are important sources of ammonia (NH3) emission. We conducted three field trials (wet, intermediate, and dry conditions) to quantify NH3 emissions from urea fertilizer and simulated excretions of heifer urine and dung on warm‐climate grasslands in Brazil. Heifer excreta were derived from pastures of palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster ‘Marandu’] under three forms of N supply (without or with N fertilization [0 or 150 kg N ha−1 yr−1] or mixed with forage peanut [Arachis pintoi ‘Amarillo’]). Cumulative NH3–N emissions across rainfall conditions were 7.6–16.6% (mean, 11.7%) for urine, 1.4–2.9% (mean, 2.0%) for dung, and 11.2–20.5% (mean, 14.8%) for urea. Ammonia loss from urine was significantly greater than from dung under all rainfall conditions. Emission from urine and dung differed from those when urea was applied on palisadegrass. There were greater NH3 emissions from urine in the wetter times of the year. Heifer excreta from N‐fertilized pasture had greater NH3 emission than excreta from the grass–legume mixture and unfertilized palisadegrass. Urea applied on palisadegrass presented greater NH3 emissions in wet rainfall conditions compared with dry conditions but did not differ from intermediate conditions. Our study showed that N‐fertilized systems increase N losses as NH3 emission from excreta, and emissions from urea fertilizer must be included in this system. Heifer excreta and urea fertilizer deposited on warm‐climate grasslands increased the NH3 emissions mainly under wet conditions.
Congenital pancreaticobiliary anomalies in an urban medical center in the United States
Authors: Sugawa Choichi , Culver Ashley , Sundaresan Naresh , Lucas Charles E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimPancreaticobiliary anomalies are rare and often present with cryptic signs and symptoms, thus delaying appropriate treatment.MethodsEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was used to define pancreaticobiliary anomalies. A retrospective review was performed of 5522 ERCPs conducted at a tertiary care center from 1972 to 2015.ResultsThere were 249 (4.5%) patients with pancreaticobiliary anomalies, including 179 patients with pancreas divisum (PD), 44 patients with choledochal cyst (CC) (Todani's classification Type I: extrahepatic cyst 31, Type III; choledochocele 9, Type V: Caroli's disease 4), 20 patients with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union (APDU), and 6 patients with other abnormalities. Of 179 patients with pancreas divisum, 8 (4.5%) required minor sphincterotomies for multiple unexplained acute pancreatitis. Of the 31, 15 (48%) Type I CC patients underwent an operation. In patients with Type III CC (choledochocele), seven of the nine were treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy, and two patients were treated by surgery. Four patients with Type V CC (Caroli's disease) were managed nonoperatively. Of the 20 patients with APDU, 8 (40%) required operative intervention. Six patients were found to have other anomalies: two with pancreas bifidum, one with a duplication of the gallbladder, one with a cystic duct diverticulum, one with an annular pancreas, and one with an abnormal cystic duct origin. These patients were treated based on their etiology.ConclusionPancreaticobiliary anomalies are rare and can be defined using ERCP. The appreciation of these abnormalities is important for the proper diagnosis and treatment of these rare biliary and pancreatic disorders.
Phase II study of dose‐adjusted gemcitabine, dexamethasone, cisplatin, and rituximab in elderly relapsed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients
Authors: Yamasaki Satoshi , Kada Akiko , Choi Ilseung , Iida Hiroatsu , Sekiguchi Naohiro , Harada Naoko , Sawamura Morio , Shimomura Takeshi , Komeno Takuya , Yano Takahiro , Yoshida Isao , Yoshida Shinichiro , Sunami Kazutaka , Hishita Terutoshi , Takatsuki Hiroshi , Ohshima Koichi , Takeshita Morishige , Saito Akiko M. , Iwasaki Hiromi , Nagai Hirokazu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) are too toxic for elderly patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Therefore, effective and tolerable regimens for elderly patients are urgently needed. The present phase II study assessed the efficacy and safety of dose‐adjusted therapy with gemcitabine, dexamethasone, cisplatin, and rituximab (GDP‐R) in this population. ASCT‐ineligible elderly patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL received dose‐adjusted GDP‐R in each 28‐day cycle for up to six cycles. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR), and secondary endpoints were complete response (CR) rate, progression‐free survival (PFS), and safety. Thirty‐three patients were enrolled and received dose‐adjusted GDP‐R. The median age was 75 years (range: 68‐87 years). The ORR was 82.8% (90% confidence interval [CI], 67.1‐93.0%), with a CR rate of 58.6% (90% CI, 41.7‐74.1%). At a median follow‐up of 20.9 months, the 2‐year PFS rate was 46.8% (90% CI, 30.7‐61.5%) and the 2‐year overall survival rate was 63.2% (90% CI, 45.8‐76.3%). The most frequently observed grade 4 adverse events were neutropenia (63.6%), thrombocytopenia (57.6%), and lymphocytopenia (39.4%). Dose‐adjusted GDP‐R is a promising salvage regimen for ASCT‐ineligible elderly patients with relapsed DLBCL after rituximab‐containing chemotherapy and warrants further investigation.