bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between the Accuracy of Acetabular Cup Angle and Body Mass Index in Posterolateral Total Hip Arthroplasty With CT-Based Navigation: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Ishikura Hisatoshi , Nakamura Masaki , Nishino Hanae , Nakamura Shigeru , Tanaka Takeyuki , Kawano Hirotaka , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Precise acetabular cup placement is essential for successful total hip arthroplasty (THA). In obese patients, its accuracy is often difficult to achieve because of the thickness of the soft tissues. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the accuracy of acetabular cup angle and body mass index (BMI) in posterolateral THA using the computed tomography-based navigation (CT-navi) system.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 145 consecutive primary THAs using the CT-navi system between January 2015 and January 2018. All surgeries were performed using cementless cups employing the posterolateral approach with the patient in the decubitus position. We compared the radiographic inclination and anteversion obtained from the angle displayed on the CT-navi screen with those measured by the postoperative CT using the three-dimensional templating software. We evaluated the relationship between the extent of errors and correlation with BMI. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student’s t-test and Spearman’s rank coefficient test.Results: In non-overweight patients (BMI < 25, 88 hips), the mean navigation errors for inclination were 2.8 ± 2.2° and for anteversion were 2.6 ± 2.3°. Meanwhile, in overweight patients (BMI ≥ 25, 57 hips), the mean navigation errors were 2.6 ± 2.4° for inclination and 2.4 ± 2.4° for anteversion. We found no significant difference between overweight and non-overweight patients in both inclination and anteversion. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were -0.04 for inclination and -0.11 for anteversion, showing no correlation between the extent of errors and BMI.Conclusions: In posterolateral THA, CT-navi can aid the precise placement of the acetabular cup irrespective of a patient’s BMI.Trial registration: This trial was retrospectively registered and approved by the institutional ethics committee of Teikyo University. The registration number is 17-190, and the date of approval was March 1, 2018. URL of trial registry is: https://www.teikyo-u.ac.jp/application/files/7015/8432/1341/2016_all_syounin_1.pdf
Steroid Cell Tumours: Rare Ovarian Tumours that Cause Hyperandrogenaemia in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: zhu xiaodan , zhou linyu , jiang jian , Jiang Tian'an 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in postmenopausal women is very difficult, because it occasionally manifests as excessive hair growth or no clinical manifestations, so it is often misdiagnosed or missed diagnosis. Ovarian steroid cell tumours that cause hyperandrogenaemia in women account for approximately 0.1% of all ovarian tumours. Due to the low incidence, corresponding imaging reports are rare, so ovarian steroid cell tumours lacks typical imaging findings to differentiate it from other ovarian tumours. Therefore, we summarized its clinical and imaging characteristics through this case series ,and we also elaborated on the differential diagnosis of steroid cell tumors. We hope to help clinicians have a deeper understanding of ovarian steroid cell tumours.Case presentation we report three cases of postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenaemia.Only 1 patient showed virilization symptoms, the other two patients were completely asymptomatic. All patients underwent total hysterectomy + bilateral adnexectomy. Histological results showed one case of leyding cell tumor (case 1) and two cases of benign non-specific steroid cell tumor (case 2 and case 3). After the operation, the androgen levels of all patients returned to normal, and there was no clinical recurrence since follow-up.Conclusions Through this series of cases, we found that although virilization caused by increased serum testosterone levels is an important clinical feature of ovarian steroid cell tumors, complete asymptomatic is also one of its features. A solid, slightly hypoechoic, round or oval mass with uniform internal echo, richer blood flow in the solid part and low resistance index are typical imaging features of ovarian steroid cell tumors. Diagnosis of ovarian steroid cell tumours after menopause is challenging, but surgery can be used for both diagnosis and clear treatment.
Use of Sat Scan for Identification of Cholera Hotpots in a High-Density Suburb of Harare, Zimbabwe.
Authors: Chigumadzi Layman , Chiurunge Panashe , Ndarukwa Pisirai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The cholera pandemic remains a major public health risk in developing nations most of which are in the Sub Saharan regions. However, there is limited data on near real time analysis using the Sat Scan whichIn this study, of particular concern is the spatial-temporary distribution of cholera cases obtained from the mapping and detection of cholera hotspots or clusters in Budiriro on the outbreak, which occurred in September 2018. Methods: The research study used the spatial geographical distribution approach in order to study the clusters of high diseases incidence in Budiriro high-density suburb of Harare, Zimbabwe. The participants in this study included patients from all age groups and gender who were either suspects or confirmed cases of cholera according to the line lists provided by Harare City Health Department. Data was then analysed using the Python, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Sat-Scan. Since this study, is an essential part of the health-needs assessment in the identification of high-risk areas for a disease, understanding the characteristics of high-risk areas was needed to indicate areas, which required improvements in the provision of WASH programmes in order to reduce the risk of cholera outbreaks. Results: The results from this study showed significant clusters or hotspots of cholera in Budiriro for the period of the outbreak (29 September-02 October 2019). People within 0.22km and 0.55km showed a significant risk of being susceptible to cholera (p=0.001). Clusters 1-3 were considered to be hotspots (p<0.05) for cholera outbreak and correspondingly there were more cases of cholera. These hotspots were linked to contaminated water sources (HA034, HA039 and HA075). Water was contaminated from low flow rate of sewage. Conclusions: Cholera and other general infectious disease surveillance can benefit from this perspective approach by monitoring outbreaks in real-time as new data becomes available. The results emphasised on the importance of focusing surveillance on emerging and active clusters during epidemics. Further we concluded that safe water provision could reduce the risk of such outbreaks if Sat-scans could be applied in locating possible areas of contamination.
Metrological and Visual Analysis of the Status of Hypotension in Septic Shock
Authors: qianfei wang , chenxi wang , lijuan wu , jianqiang MEI , wenzhong XU , fenqiao CHEN 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:At present, there is a lot of research in the field of septic shock and hypotension, but there is no comprehensive analysis of the current situation, hot spots and frontiers in this field，and many researchers don't know where to start..Therefore，in this study, the research status, research hotspots and frontier trends of septic shock hypotension in the past 30 years were analyzed by knowledge graph, so as to provide a reference basis for further research.Methods: We collected the literature related to hypotension in septic shock in Web Of Science (WOS) from 1991 to 2020, and made a bibliometric analysis of the literature. At the same time, we Use Excel2019 and Adobe Illustrator CC2018 software to analyze the annual volume of articles and draw bar charts and VOSviewer software to draw the relevant maps of countries, authors and institutions to explore the cooperative relationship in this field and CiteSpace software to draw keyword co-occurrence map, cluster timeline map and emergence map of keywords, and analyze the frontiers and hotspots in this field.Results: A total of 1419 articles were obtained, of which the country with the largest number of articles was the United States, and the centrality was the highest. Professor Bellomo Rinaldo in Australia has published the largest number of articles, up to 29 articles, which plays an important role in this field. In the organization cooperation graph, Univ sao Paulo cooperates closely with other agencies and publishes a large number of articles. There are high-frequency keywords such as sepsis, septic shock and hypotensio, 11 clusters such as relative adrenal insufficiency, nitric oxide and thromboxane, and high-prominence keywords of endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor.Conclusion: In the past 30 years, the volume of articles in the field of hypotension in septic shock showed a steady upward trend. Institutions in North America, Australia and Europe have made outstanding contributions to this field, but the degree of inter-country and inter-agency cooperation is worrying. Three major author cooperation groups have been formed, with close ties within the group. In the future, international exchanges and cooperation can be strengthened and the degree of cooperation in this field can be improved. Drugs for the treatment of hypotension, molecular mechanisms including endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor, and physiological and pathological mechanisms of hypotension are the research hotspots and frontiers in recent years.
Calcium-dependent serine-threonine phosphatase, calcineurin inactivation mediated by baicalein attenuates prion protein-mediated neuronal cell damage
Authors: Hong Jeong-Min , Moon Ji-Hong , Park Sang-Youel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Prion diseases are a group of unvaryingly fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by neuronal cell death. Calcineurin and autophagy mediate prion-induced neurodegeneration, suggesting that inhibition of calcineurin and autophagy could be a target for therapy. Baicalein has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects against calcium-dependent neuronal cell death. Results: In the present study, we investigated whether baicalein attenuates prion peptide-mediated neurotoxicity and reduces calcineurin. We found that baicalein treatment inhibits prion protein-induced apoptosis. Baicalein inhibited calcium up-regulation and protected the cells against prion peptide‑induced neuron cell death by calcineurin inactivation. Furthermore, baicalein increased p62 protein levels and decrease LC3-II protein levels indicating autophagic flux inhibition and baicalein inhibited prion protein-induced neurotoxicity through autophagy flux inhibition. Conclusions: Taken together, this study demonstrated that baicalein attenuated prion peptide-induced neurotoxicity via calcineurin inactivation and autophagic flux reduction, and also suggest that baicalein may be an effective therapeutic drug against neurodegenerative diseases, including prion diseases.
Evaluation of NaCl and MgCl2 heat exchange fluids in a deep binary geothermal system in a sedimentary halite formation
Authors: Moore Kayla R , Holländer Hartmut M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Halite formations are attractive geothermal reservoirs due to their high heat conductivity, resulting in higher temperatures than other formations at similar depths. However, halite formations are highly reactive with undersaturated water. An understanding of the geochemical reactions that occur within halite-saturated formation waters can inform decision making regarding well construction, prevention of well clogging, formation dissolution, and thermal short-circuiting. Batch reaction and numerical 3-D flow and equilibrium reactive transport modeling were used to characterize the produced NaCl-brine in a well targeting a halite-saturated formation. The potential for inhibition of precipitation and dissolution using an MgCl2-brine and NaCl+MgCl2-brine were also investigated. Within the injection well for an NaCl-brine, with heating from 70 to 120°C, the solubility of halite decreases resulting in the potential dissolution of 0.479 mol kg-1 halite at the formation. Cooling from 120 to 100°C in the production well results in precipitation of 0.196 mol kg-1 halite as well as anhydrite. Introduction of MgCl2, resulting in a common Cl- ion, into the heat exchange brine resulted in a decreased potential for dissolution by 0.290 mol kg-1 halite within the formation, as well as decreased precipitation within the production well, compared to the NaCl-brine. The halite solubility was altered by changes in pressure up to 0.045 mol kg-1. This indicates that designing and monitoring the composition of heat exchange fluids in highly saline environments is an important component in geothermal project design.
Mucosa-associated Cultivable Aerobic Gut Bacterial Microbiota among Colorectal Cancer Patients Attending at the Referral Hospitals of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Siraj Yesuf Adem , Byadgelegn Melese Gebeyehu , Yassin Mensur Osman , Chekol Yohannes Zenebe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top ten causes of cancer deaths in the world. Despite an increased prevalence of colorectal cancer has been documented from developing countries, there is no any report regarding gut microbiota among colorectal cancer patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study evaluated cultivable aerobic gut bacterial distributions among malignant and its adjacent normal biopsies of CRC patients.Methods: CRC patients who were under colorectal cancer resection surgery during April 2017 to February 2018 at Felege Hiwot Referral and University of Gondar Teaching Hospitals enrolled in the study. Biopsy specimens were taken from malignant and its adjacent normal-appearing tissues. Bacterial cultivation, quantification and characterization of saline washed biopsies were performed under aerobic and candle jar conditions. Differences in bacterial microbiota compositions between malignant and normal tissue biopsies were evaluated and analyzed using Microsoft excel 2010 and GraphPad Prism5 statistical software.Results: Fifteen CRC patients were participated with a mean age of 53.8 + 10.8 years old and majorities (73.3%) of patients were in between the age groups of 40 and 60 years old. The mean + SD bacterial microbiota of malignant biopsies (3.2x105 + 1.6x105 CFU/ml) was significantly fewer than that of adjacent normal tissue biopsies (4.0x105 + 2.2x105 CFU/ml). This dysbacteriosis is positively correlated with the occurrence of CRC (p=0.019). Proteobacteria (55.6%), Firmicutes (33.3%) and Fusobacteria (11.1%) were the most frequently isolated phyla from non-malignant biopsies while only Proteobacteria (58.8%) and Firmicutes (41.2%) from malignant ones. Family level differences were observed among phyla (Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) isolated from the study participants. For instance, the relative abundance of family Bacillaceae from malignant (26%) was lower than the normal biopsies (39%). On other hand, family Enterobacteriaceae was twice more abundant in malignant tissues (45%) than in its matched normal tissues (23%). Furthermore, the family Enterococcaceae (14%) of phylum Firmicutes was solely isolated from malignant tissue biopsies. Conclusion: The overall microbial composition of normal and malignant tissues was considerably different among the study participants. Further studies with culture independent analysis of mucosal microbiota will provide detail pictures of microbial composition and pathogenesis of CRC in Ethiopian settings.
Geographically extensive larval surveys reveal an unexpected scarcity of primary vector mosquitoes in a region of persistent malaria transmission in western Zambia
Authors: Cross Dónall Eoin , Thomas Chris James , McKeown Niall , Siaziyu Vincent , Healey Amy , Willis Tom , Singini Douglas , Liywalii Francis , Silumesii Andrew , Sakala Jacob , Smith Mark , Macklin Mark , Hardy Andy J , Shaw Paul W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe Barotse floodplains of the upper Zambezi River and its tributaries are a highly dynamic environment, with seasonal flooding and transhumance presenting a shifting mosaic of potential larval habitat and human and livestock bloodmeals for malaria vector mosquitoes. However, limited entomological surveillance has been undertaken to characterise the vector community in these floodplains and their environs. Such information is necessary as, despite substantial deployment of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) against Anopheles vectors, malaria transmission persists across Barotseland in Zambia’s Western Province. MethodsGeographically extensive larval surveys were undertaken in two health districts along 102 km of transects, at fine spatial resolution, during a dry season and following the peak of the successive wet season. Larvae were sampled within typical Anopheles flight range of human settlements and identified through genetic sequencing of cytochrome c oxidase I and internal transcribed spacer 2 regions of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. This facilitated detailed comparison of taxon-specific abundance patterns between ecological zones differentiated by hydrological controls.ResultsAn unexpected paucity of primary vectors was revealed, with An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus representing <2% of 995 sequenced anophelines. Potential secondary vectors predominated in the vector community, primarily An. coustani group species and An squamosus. Whilst the distribution of An. gambiae s.l. in the study area was highly clustered, secondary vector species were ubiquitous across the landscape in both dry and wet seasons, with some taxon-specific relationships between abundance and ecological zones by season. ConclusionsThe diversity of candidate vector species and their high relative abundance observed across diverse hydro-ecosystems indicates a highly adaptable transmission system, resilient to environmental variation and, potentially, interventions that target only part of the vector community. Larval survey results imply that residual transmission of malaria in Barotseland is being mediated predominantly by secondary vector species, whose known tendencies for crepuscular and outdoor biting renders them largely insensitive to prevalent vector control methods.
Processing of progranulin into granulins involves multiple lysosomal proteases and is affected in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Mohan Swetha , Sampognaro Paul J. , Argouarch Andrea R. , Maynard Jason C. , Patwardhan Anand , Welch Mackenzie , Courtney Emma C. , Zhang Jiasheng , Mason Amanda , Li Kathy H. , Huang Eric J. , Seeley William W. , Miller Bruce L. , Burlingame Alma , Jacobson Mathew P. , Kao Aimee 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background - Progranulin loss-of-function mutations are linked to frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 positive inclusions (FTLD-TDP-Pgrn). Progranulin (PGRN) is an intracellular and secreted pro-protein that is proteolytically cleaved into individual granulin peptides, which are increasingly thought to contribute to FTLD-TDP-Pgrn disease pathophysiology. Intracellular PGRN is processed into granulins in the endo-lysosomal compartments. Therefore, to better understand the conversion of intracellular PGRN into granulins, we systematically tested the ability of different classes of endo-lysosomal proteases to process PGRN at a range of pH setpoints. Results - In vitro cleavage assays identified multiple enzymes that can process human PGRN into multi- and single-granulin fragments in a pH-dependent manner. We confirmed the role of cathepsin B and cathepsin L in PGRN processing and showed that these and several previously unidentified lysosomal proteases (cathepsins E, G, K, S and V) are able to process PGRN in distinctive, pH-dependent manners. In addition, we have demonstrated a new role for asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) in processing PGRN, with AEP having the unique ability to liberate granulin F from the pro-protein. Brain tissue from individuals with FTLD-TDP-Pgrn show increased PGRN processing to granulin F and an increased activity of AEP, in a region-specific manner. Conclusions - This study demonstrates that multiple lysosomal proteases may work in concert to liberate multi-granulin fragments and granulins. It also implicates both AEP and granulin F in the neurobiology of FTLD-TDP-Pgrn. Modulating progranulin cleavage and granulin production may represent therapeutic strategies for FTLD-Pgrn and other progranulin-related diseases.
Laboratory test ordering in inpatient hospitals: a systematic review on the effects and features of clinical decision support systems
Authors: Zare Sahar , Meidani Zahra , Shirdeli Mohammad , Nabovati Ehsan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Studies have revealed inappropriate laboratory testing as a source of waste. This review aimed at evaluating the effects and features of CDSSs on physicians' appropriate laboratory test ordering in inpatient hospitals.Method: Medline through PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane were queried without any time period restriction. Studies using CDSSs as an intervention to improve laboratory test ordering as the primary aim were included. The study populations in the included studies were laboratory tests, physicians ordering laboratory tests, or the patients for whom laboratory tests were ordered. The included papers were evaluated for their outcomes related to the effect of CDSSs which were categorized based on the outcomes related to tests, physician, and patients. The primary outcome measures were the number and cost of the ordered laboratory tests. The instrument from The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NIH) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Moreover, we applied a checklist for assessing the quality and features of the CDSSs presented in the included studies. A narrative synthesis was used to describe and compare the designs and the results of included studies.Result: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted based on a quasi-experimental design. The results showed improvement in laboratory test-related outcomes (e.g. proportion and cost of tests) and also physician-related outcomes (e.g. guideline adherence and orders cancellation). Patient-related outcomes (e.g. length of stay and mortality rate) were not well investigated in the included studies. In addition, the evidence about applying CDSS as a decision aid for interpreting laboratory results was rare.Conclusion: CDSSs increase appropriate test ordering in hospitals through eliminating redundant test orders and enhancing evidence-based practice. Appropriate testing and cost saving were both affected by the CDSSs. However, the evidence is limited about the effects of laboratory test CDSSs on patient-related outcomes.