bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying rates of “rifting while drifting” in the southern Gulf of California: The role of the southern Baja California microplate and its eastern boundary zone
Authors: Umhoefer Paul J. , Plattner C. , Malservisi R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe southern Baja California (Mexico) microplate has been rapidly moving away from the North America plate since ca. 12 Ma. This relative motion toward the northwest developed an oblique-divergent plate boundary that formed the Gulf of California. The rift-drift hypothesis postulates that when a continent ruptures and seafloor spreading commences, rifting on the plate margins ceases, and the margins start to drift, subside, and accumulate postrift sediments, eventually becoming a passive margin. In contrast to this hypothesis, the southern part of the Baja California microplate (BCM), and in particular its actively deforming eastern boundary zone, has continued significant rifting for millions of years after seafloor spreading initiated within the southern Gulf of California at 6–2.5 Ma. This is a process we call “rifting-while-drifting.” Global positioning system (GPS)–based data collected from 1998 to 2011 show relative motion across the eastern boundary zone up to ∼2–3.2 mm/yr with respect to a stable BCM. Furthermore, the velocity directions are compatible with normal faulting across the eastern boundary zone nearly perpendicular to the trend of the plate boundary at the latitude of La Paz and therefore a highly strain partitioned domain. North of 25°N latitude up to the Loreto area, there is a domain with no strain partitioning, and northwest-directed transtensional deformation dominates. From long-term geologic and paleoseismology studies, late Quaternary faulting rates are equal to or less than the GPS-derived rates, while geologic rates older than 1–2 Ma are commonly much higher. We suggest that the “rifting-while-drifting” process may be caused by the large topographic relief across the BCM margin, which created a significant gradient in gravitational potential energy that helps in driving continued relatively slow faulting. The relief was inherited from the much faster faulting of the BCM eastern boundary zone before plate motions largely localized along the modern transform–spreading centers in the axis of the Gulf of California. The low sediment flux from the small drainages and arid climate on the southern Baja California Peninsula result in the maintenance of underfilled to starved basins, and the relatively slow late Quaternary active faulting promotes continued topographic relief over millions of years.
Wound botulism presenting as dysphagia to an ENT ward
Authors: Li Lucy Qian , Cadamy Andrew , Seaton Andrew 
Published: February 2020

A 44-year-old man with a background of heroin injection drug use was referred to the ear, nose and throat team with a sore throat and dysphagia. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics and steroids for suspected uvulitis. He developed progressive bulbar weakness and symmetrical descending weakness of the upper extremities over a 12-hour period and was intubated prior to transfer to the intensive care unit.Botulinum heptavalent antitoxin was administered, and subsequent PCR assay confirmedClostridium botulinumneurotoxin B from his most recent injection site. He was found unconscious on the ward 3 days following extubation. Postmortem confirmed he died from heroin intoxication.This case highlights the importance of considering wound botulism in injection drug users presenting with unexplained weakness, particularly of the lower cranial nerves. Botulism is not characteristically associated with signs of localised or systemic infection in contrary to other bacterial complications of injection drug use.
Comparison of OCT angiography in children with a history of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab versus laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Zhao Jinfeng , Wu Zhenquan , Lam Waiching , Yang Mingmin , Chen Lu , Zheng Lei , Zhang Fuyan , Zeng Jian , Wang Jiantao , Zhang Guoming 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo compare the foveal microvascular structure characteristics in children with a history of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) versus laser photocoagulation (LP) for retinopathy of prematurity by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 17 children (28 eyes) underwent IVR and 20 children (37 eyes) underwent LP were recruited. The age of doing OCTA examination of the two groups are 5.4±1.1 years and 6.3±1.8 years, respectively (p=0.07). Spectral-domain OCTA was performed for all the eyes with a scan size of 3×3 mm. The data of the superficial retinal layer were analysed. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and vessel density (including vessel length density (VLD) and perfusion density (PD)) were measured using the software of OCTA (Cirrus AngioPlex 5000, Carl Zeiss, Meditec, Dubin, California, USA). The central foveal thicknesses (CFT) were measured by cross-sectional OCT.ResultsIn the central fovea, the retinal VLD and PD of patients with IVR were 13.82±2.99 mm/mm2 and 0.25±0.05 mm2/mm2, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the LP group (15.64±2.71 mm/mm2 and 0.28±0.05 mm2/mm2, p=0.01 and p=0.006). The FAZ area of patients with IVR and LP were 0.13±0.09 mm2 and 0.09±0.07 mm2, respectively (p=0.048). The CFT of patients with IVR and LP were 200.7±16.7 µm and 220.9±22.7 µm, respectively (p<0.01). The logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity of patients with IVR and LP were 0.2±0.1 and 0.1±0.1, respectively (p=0.01). There was no significant difference in the parafoveal and foveal VLD and PD, FAZ morphological index and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) between the two groups.ConclusionThe IVR might contribute to microvascular changes in the macular zone, such as reducing the central foveal VLD and PD, while the LP might contribute to microstructural changes, such as smaller FAZ and thicker CFT.
Long-term (20-year) real-world outcomes of intravenous chemotherapy (chemoreduction) for retinoblastoma in 964 eyes of 554 patients at a single centre
Authors: Shields Carol L , Bas Zeynep , Tadepalli Sameeksha , Dalvin Lauren A , Rao Raksha , Schwendeman Rachel , Lally Sara E , Shields Jerry A , Shah Amish , Leahey Ann 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundIntravenous chemotherapy (IVC) remains an important globe salvage therapy for retinoblastoma.MethodsEvaluation of long-term globe salvage at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years following frontline IVC for retinoblastoma.ResultsOf 994 eyes, comparison by International Classification of Retinoblastoma group (A vs B vs C vs D vs E) revealed more advanced group with older mean age at presentation (8 vs 7 vs 10 vs 11 vs 15 months, p<0.001). By clinical features, more advanced group demonstrated greater mean tumour diameter (3.2 vs 6.8 vs 9.4 vs 14.3 vs 16.4, p<0.001) and thickness (2.0 vs 3.7 vs 4.4 vs 7.3 vs 9.3, p<0.001), and greater frequency of vitreous seeds ≥1 quadrant (0% vs 0% vs 44% vs 42% vs 57%, p<0.001) and subretinal seeds (0% vs 0% vs 22% vs 65% vs 54%, p<0.001). By outcomes, less advanced group demonstrated greater tumour control (without need for enucleation or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT)) by year 2 (96% vs 91% vs 91% vs 71% vs 32%, p<0.001), and with minimal change up to 20 years. In order to achieve globe salvage, additional intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) or plaque radiotherapy was employed by year 2 (5% vs 26% vs 28% vs 27% vs 19%, p<0.001), with little further need up to 20 years. Pinealoblastoma (2%), metastasis (2%) and death (1%) were infrequent.ConclusionFrontline IVC (plus additional IAC and/or plaque radiotherapy) for retinoblastoma provided complete tumour control for groups A (96%), B (91%), C (91%), D (71%) and E (32%), avoiding enucleation or EBRT and was lasting for up to 20 years.
Normative patterns and factors associated with presbyopia progression in a multiethnic Asian population: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study
Authors: Majithia Shivani , Wong Kah Hie , Chee Miao Li , Soh Zhi-Da , Thakur Sahil , Fang Xiao Ling , Teo Zhen Ling , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Tham Yih Chung , Cheng Ching-Yu 
Published: February 2020

Background/AimTo investigate normative patterns and factors associated with presbyopia progression in a multiethnic Asian population.MethodsMalay, Indian and Chinese participants aged 40–80 years who had baseline and 6-year follow-up examinations with subjective refraction data were recruited from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study. Presbyopia progression was defined as an increase in near addition power of ≥+0.50 dioptre (D) from baseline to follow-up visit. Modified Poisson regression analyses were used to determine baseline factors associated with presbyopia progression.ResultsFrom the eligible 3974 eyes, 2608 eyes were included for final analysis after excluding eyes with a history of cataract surgery (929 eyes) and best-corrected distance visual acuity worse than 20/40 (342 eyes). Overall the mean near addition power change over 6 years was +0.25 D; Malays showed greater change (+0.37 D) compared with Indians (+0.23 D) and Chinese (+0.16 D). After adjusting for baseline age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, cataract, refractive error and daily hours of reading and writing, Malays were more likely to have presbyopia progression compared with Chinese (RR (relative risk)=1.67; 95% CI 1.43 to 1.95; p<0.001) and Indians (RR=1.45; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.68; p<0.001). Individuals aged 60–69 years (RR=0.77; p=0.006) and ≥70 years (RR=0.51; p<0.001) were less likely to progress in presbyopia compared with those aged 40–49.ConclusionIn this Asian population, the near addition power change over 6 years was lower than the current near addition prescription guidelines (+0.25 D vs +0.60 D). Our findings may help update near addition prescription guidelines that can be more tailored to Asians.
Comparison of risk factor associations in UK Biobank against representative, general population based studies with conventional response rates: prospective cohort study and individual participant meta-analysis
Authors: Batty G David , Gale Catharine R , Kivimäki Mika , Deary Ian J , Bell Steven 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare established associations between risk factors and mortality in UK Biobank, a study with an exceptionally low rate of response to its baseline survey, against those from representative studies that have conventional response rates.DesignProspective cohort study alongside individual participant meta-analysis of other cohort studies.SettingUnited Kingdom.ParticipantsAnalytical sample of 499 701 people (response rate 5.5%) in analyses in UK Biobank; pooled data from the Health Surveys for England (HSE) and the Scottish Health Surveys (SHS), including 18 studies and 89 895 people (mean response rate 68%). Both study populations were linked to the same nationwide mortality registries, and the baseline age range was aligned at 40-69 years.Main outcome measureDeath from cardiovascular disease, selected malignancies, and suicide. To quantify the difference between hazard ratios in the two studies, a ratio of the hazard ratios was used with HSE-SHS as the referent.ResultsRisk factor levels and mortality rates were typically more favourable in UK Biobank participants relative to the HSE-SHS consortium. For the associations between risk factors and mortality endpoints, however, close agreement was seen between studies. Based on 14 288 deaths during an average of 7.0 years of follow-up in UK Biobank and 7861 deaths over 10 years of mortality surveillance in HSE-SHS, for cardiovascular disease mortality, for instance, the age and sex adjusted hazard ratio for ever having smoked cigarettes (versus never) was 2.04 (95% confidence interval 1.87 to 2.24) in UK Biobank and 1.99 (1.78 to 2.23) in HSE-SHS, yielding a ratio of hazard ratios close to unity (1.02, 0.88 to 1.19). The overall pattern of agreement between studies was essentially unchanged when results were compared separately by sex and when baseline years and censoring dates were aligned.ConclusionDespite a very low response rate, risk factor associations in the UK Biobank seem to be generalisable.
Simple and non-invasive screening method for diabetes based on myoinositol levels in urine samples collected at home
Authors: Takakado Misaki , Takata Yasunori , Yamagata Fumio , Yaguchi Michiko , Hiasa Go , Sato Sumiko , Funada Jun-ichi , Kawazu Shoji , Osawa Haruhiko 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo establish a simple screening method for diabetes based on myoinositol (MI) in urine samples collected at home.Research design and methodsInitially, we evaluated the stability of urinary MI (UMI) at room temperature (RT; 25°C) and 37°C in 10 outpatients with type 2 diabetes. We then enrolled 115 volunteers without a current or history of diabetes. In all subjects, glucose intolerance was diagnosed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75gOGTT). To assess the association between UMI or urine glucose (UG) and plasma glucose (PG), urine samples were also collected at 0 and 2 hours during 75gOGTT. All the subjects collected urine samples at home before and 2 hours after consuming the commercially available test meal. UMI levels at wake-up time (UMIwake-up), before (UMIpremeal) and 2 hours after the test meal (UMI2h-postprandial) were measured using an enzymatic method. ΔUMI was defined as UMI2h-postprandialminus UMIpremeal.ResultsDiffering from UG, UMI was stable at RT and 37°C. UMI was increased linearly along with an increase in PG, and no threshold for UMI was observed. UMI was closely associated with blood glucose parameters obtained from a 75gOGTT and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at hospital after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index and serum creatinine. UMIwake-up, UMIpremeal, UMI2h-postprandialand ΔUMI at home were higher in diabetic subjects than non-diabetic subjects even after the above adjustment. Receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analyses revealed that for the screening of diabetes, the area under the curve for ROC for UMI2h-postprandialand ΔUMI (0.83 and 0.82, respectively) were not inferior to that for HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol, which is the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria for diabetes.ConclusionsMI measurement in urine samples collected at home before and after the meal would be a simple, non-invasive and valuable screening method for diabetes.
Uncovering social and psychosocial health factors through participatory qualitative research with low-income adults in a suburb of Montreal, Quebec
Authors: Wang Caroline H-Y , Loignon Christine , Hudon Catherine 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThe association between social status and health is well established, but the psychosocial factors and mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. This study aims to identify and describe social and psychosocial factors that may harm the health of low-income adults.DesignParticipatory qualitative research using a problem-posing method based on Freire’s pedagogy.SettingCommunity organisation in a low-income district in the metropolitan area of Montreal, in the province of Quebec, Canada.ParticipantsEight low-income adults using food bank services provided by the community organisation. Participants had to reside in the community organisation’s service area, have insufficient income to cover living expenses, be aged 18 years or older, and be able to participate in group sessions.MethodsEight weekly group sessions (average of 2.5 hours per session) were held using problem-posing method, which included activities such as presentation of representative stories or images and role-playing. Five additional sessions were held for thematic data analysis with participants.ResultsA main factor identified as harming the health of participants was the dissonance between perceived current circumstances and the ideal of circumstances conceived early in life. This dissonance follows a loss or a failure to achieve the ideal of circumstances and generates profound malaise. Other main factors identified were the current circumstances as a social trap and the lack of love and support from an early age.ConclusionsThis study identifies a new psychosocial factor, namely, the dissonance between perceived current circumstances and the ideal of circumstances conceived early in life. Larger studies should examine the influence of this factor on health.
Is administration of proton pump inhibitors in functional dyspepsia worth the risk of developing gastric cancer: a Markov model to bridge the gap between scientific evidence and clinical practice
Authors: Broide Efrat , Eindor-Abarbanel Adi , Shirin Haim , Richter Vered , Matalon Shay , Leshno Moshe 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo formulate a decision analysis model based on recently published data that addresses the dilemma, whether improvement in quality of life rationalises continued proton pump inhibitors (PPI) use despite the risk of gastric cancer (GC) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).DesignA Markov model consisting of an initial decision regarding treatment with PPI (denoting it by PPI strategy) or any other treatment without PPI (denoting it by placebo strategy) was designed.Data sourcesData from prospective cross-sectional studies indicating risk stratification for GC after the use of PPI, combined with a Markov model that comprised the following states: Live, GC stages 1–4, Death.Outcome measuresThe primary outputs included quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and life expectancy (LE). The improvement in utility in FD without PPI as compared with PPI use was tested (PPI vs placebo strategies). Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the model and address uncertainty in the estimation of model parameters.SettingWe considered only patients whose symptoms were relieved with PPIs and thus, had a better quality of life compared with patients who did not receive PPIs.ResultsThe base case model showed that PPIs compared with placebo decreased LE by 58.4 days with a gain of 2.1 QALY. If utility (quality of life of patients with FD using PPI compared with patients with FD without PPI) improved by more than 0.8%, PPI use is considered better than placebo. Older patients benefited less from PPI treatment than did younger patients.ConclusionTo bridge the gap between evidence and decision making, we found that even a small improvement in the QALY justified continuing PPI treatment.
Physician preferences for chemotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in China: evidence from multicentre discrete choice experiments
Authors: Sun Hui , Wang Huishan , Shi Lizheng , Wang Meifeng , Li Junling , Shi Jufang , Ni Ming , Hu Xianzhi , Chen Yingyao 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate physician risk-benefit preferences and trade-offs when making chemotherapy decisions for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).DesignA discrete choice experiment (DCE).SettingsTertiary hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu of China.ParticipantsThe participants were 184 physicians (mean age of 37 years) with more than 1 year of NSCLC chemotherapy practice.OutcomesThe DCE survey was constructed by six attributes: progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), risk of moderate side effects, risk of severe side effects, mode of administration and out-of-pocket costs. Physicians’ relative preferences and trade-offs in patient out-of-pocket costs for each attribute level were estimated using a mixed logit model, and interaction terms were added to the model to assess preferences variation among physicians with different sociodemographic factors.ResultsPhysicians had the strongest preferences for improvements in PFS, followed by reducing the risk of severe side effects. The DCR, risk of moderate side effects and mode of administration were ranked in decreasing order of importance. There was little variation in preferences among physicians with different sociodemographic characteristics. Physicians were willing to trade $4814 (95% CI $4149 to $5480) of patient out-of-pocket costs per month for a chemotherapy that guaranteed 11 months of PFS, followed by $1908 (95% CI $1227 to $2539) for reducing the risk of severe side effects to 2%.ConclusionsWith regard to chemotherapy for patients with NSCLC, prolonging PFS, reducing severe and moderate side effects were primary considerations for physicians in China. The mode of administration and treatment costs significantly influenced physicians’ therapeutic decision. The current findings could add some evidence to inform NSCLC chemotherapy implementation and promote shared decision-making.
A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of melatonin as an adjuvant agent in induction of labour (MILO): a study protocol
Authors: Swarnamani Kamala , Davies-Tuck Miranda , Wallace Euan , Mol Ben W , Mockler Joanne 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionInduction of labour (IOL) is a common practice. In Australia, up to 40% of women undergoing labour induction will ultimately have a caesarean section. As a biological role for melatonin in the onset and progress of labour has been demonstrated, we aim to test the hypothesis that addition of melatonin will reduce the need for caesarean section.Methods and analysisThis is a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in women undergoing IOL at term. We plan to randomise 722 women (1:1 ratio) to receive either melatonin (four doses of 10 mg melatonin: first dose—in the evening at the time of cervical balloon or Dinoprostone PGE2vaginal pessary insertion, second dose—at time of oxytocin infusion commencement, third dose—6 hours after the second dose, fourth dose—6 hours after the third dose) or placebo (same dosing regime). Participants who are having artificial rupture of the membranes only as the primary means of labour induction will receive up to three doses of the trial intervention. The primary outcome measure will be the requirement for a caesarean section. Secondary outcomes will include duration of each stage of labour and time from induction to birth, total dose of oxytocin administration, epidural rate, indication for caesarean section, rate of instrumental deliveries, birth within 24 hours of induction commencement, estimated blood loss, Apgar score at 5 min, neonatal intensive care unit admissions and participant satisfaction. Maternal melatonin levels will be measured immediately before commencement of the oxytocin intravenous infusion and 3 hours after and at the time of birth in order to determine any differences between the two trial arms.Ethics and disseminationThe study is conducted in accordance with the conditions of Monash Health HREC (RES-17-0000-168A). Findings from the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Protocol versionV.7.0, 30 July 2019.Trial registration numberACTRN12616000311459, Universal trial number: (UTN) U1111-1195-3515.