bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full‐time slot teleportation using unified space‐time function control
Authors: Arumona A. E. , Amiri Iraj S. , Singh G. , Yupapin Preecha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnified space and time function can apply simultaneously by multiplexing into the same system, where the uncertainty space and time function is known as singularity can establish and use for teleportation. We proposed full‐time slot teleportation of the dark soliton in a microring system. The system consists of an integrated transmitter and a receiver circuit formed by a silicon microring arrangement system. Each microring node having two‐sided ring phase modulators offers the infinitesimal change of the space‐time uncertainty saturation and having the singularity. The dark soliton is the space function with a center wavelength of 1.50 μm fed into the system via the input port, in which the time function with the different wavelength fed into the add port simultaneously. By using suitable parameters, the space‐time function uncertainty saturation and singularity formed by the phase modulators, RL‐RR << 1, and converged. The teleport achieved after the Rabi oscillation collapsed, which is the teleport switching time. The space‐time content merged into being the homogeneous medium and teleported. By using the two entangled space functions, where the first space function (
λ
1) merged (singularized) with the second space content (
λ
2), which can transform and teleport to the required destination by teleport switching and time slot. The required teleport contents achieved.
A wideband polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical switches and C‐shaped radiator
Authors: Jin Guiping , Li Long , Wang Wei , Liao Shaowei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA wideband polarization reconfigurable antenna based on optical switches and a C‐shaped radiator is proposed. The antenna can achieve three polarization modes, linear polarization (LP), left‐hand circular polarization (LHCP), and right‐hand circular polarization (RHCP). The proposed antenna consists of a simple C‐shaped patch, a modified ground plane, a feeding unit, and two parasitic stubs. Four slots are embedded in the C‐shaped patch properly to adjust the axial ratio (AR) performance for CP modes. And two silicon optical switches are inserted into each brand of the feeding unit. The measured results show that the proposed antenna has a 10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 86.8% (1.82‐4.61GHz) in LP mode, 81.8% (1.3‐3.1 GHz) and 14.1% (3.3‐3.81 GHz) for LHCP mode, and 81.8% (1.3‐3.1 GHz) and 19.2% (3.3‐4 GHz) for RHCP mode. The 3‐dB AR bandwidth is about 49.1% (2.38‐3.93 GHz) for LHCP and 51.4% (2.33‐3.94 GHz) for RHCP. The simulated and measured results show a pretty good agreement. Furthermore, in the range of operating bandwidth from 2.38 to 3.81 GHz, the proposed antenna can satisfy the 2.45 GHz WiFi, LTE 4G, and sub‐6 GHz 5G applications.
Bone material analogues for PET/MRI phantoms
Authors: Chandramohan Dharshan , Cao Peng , Han Misung , An Hongyu , Sunderland John J. , Kinahan Paul E. , Laforest Richard , Hope Thomas A. , Larson Peder E. Z. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo develop bone material analogues that can be used in construction of phantoms for simultaneous PET/MRI systems.MethodsPlaster was used as the basis for the bone material analogues tested in this study. It was mixed with varying concentrations of an iodinated CT contrast, a gadolinium‐based MR contrast agent, and copper sulfate to modulate the attenuation properties and MRI properties (T1 and T2*). Attenuation was measured with CT and 68Ge transmission scans, and MRI properties were measured with quantitative ultrashort echo time pulse sequences. A proof‐of‐concept skull was created by plaster casting.ResultsUndoped plaster has a 511 keV attenuation coefficient (~0.14 cm−1) similar to cortical bone (0.10–0.15 cm−1), but slightly longer T1 (~500 ms) and T2* (~1.2 ms) MR parameters compared to bone (T1 ~ 300 ms, T2* ~ 0.4 ms). Doping with the iodinated agent resulted in increased attenuation with minimal perturbation to the MR parameters. Doping with a gadolinium chelate greatly reduced T1 and T2*, resulting in extremely short T1 values when the target T2* values were reached, while the attenuation coefficient was unchanged. Doping with copper sulfate was more selective for T2* shortening and achieved comparable T1 and T2* values to bone (after 1 week of drying), while the attenuation coefficient was unchanged.ConclusionsPlaster doped with copper sulfate is a promising bone material analogue for a PET/MRI phantom, mimicking the MR properties (T1 and T2*) and 511 keV attenuation coefficient of human cortical bone.
Brain‐computer interfaces for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: McFarland Dennis J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA brain‐computer interface (BCI) is a device that detects signals from the brain and transforms them into useful commands. Researchers have developed BCIs that utilize different kinds of brain signals. These different BCI systems have differing characteristics, such as the amount of training required and the degree to which they are or are not invasive. Much of the research on BCIs to date has involved healthy individuals and evaluation of classification algorithms. Some BCIs have been shown to have potential benefit for users with minimal muscular function as a result of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, there are still several challenges that need to be successfully addressed before BCIs can be clinically useful.
Identifying nurse managers' essential information needs in daily unit operation in perioperative settings
Authors: Siirala Eriikka , Salanterä Sanna , Lundgrén‐Laine Heljä , Peltonen Laura‐Maria , Engblom Janne , Junttila Kristiina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo identify nurse managers' essential information needs in daily unit operation in perioperative settings.DesignQualitative and quantitative descriptive design.MethodsThe study consisted of (I) generation of an item pool of potential information needs, (II) assessment of the item pool by an expert panel and (III) confirming the essential information needs of nurse managers in daily unit operation with a survey (N = 288). Content validity index values were calculated for the assessments by expert panel and in the survey. Internal consistency of the final item pool was explored with Cronbach's alpha. The data were collected from 2011–2015.ResultsDuring the study process, the number of essential information needs decreased from 92–41. The final item pool consisted of 12 subthemes, and they were categorized into four main themes: patient's care process, surgical procedure, human resources and tangible resources. The findings can be used to create a knowledge map for information system purposes.
A qualitative study of living with the burden from heart failure treatment: Exploring the patient capacity for self‐care
Authors: Nordfonn Oda Karin , Morken Ingvild Margreta , Lunde Husebø Anne Marie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo explore how patients with heart failure perceive their capacity to manage treatment and self‐care.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsPatients (N = 17) were recruited from a nurse‐led heart failure outpatient clinic from May–August 2017. Data were collected through individual semi‐structured interviews and analysed using systematic text condensation.ResultsThree main themes were identified as follows: “Personal characteristics,” “Coping strategies” and “Emotional and informative support.” The first main theme contained the subthemes “inherent strength” and “maintenance of a positive attitude.” The second main theme included the subthemes “selective denial,” “ability to adapt by setting new goals” and “careful selection of information.” The third main theme contained the subthemes “support from health professionals enhancing patient capacity,” “support from next of kin in patients' self‐care” and “practical support and hope from peers.”
Proteomic and Metabolite Profiling Reveals Profound Structural and Metabolic Reorganization of Adipocyte Mitochondria in Obesity
Authors: Schöttl Theresa , Pachl Fiona , Giesbertz Pieter , Daniel Hannelore , Kuster Bernhard , Fromme Tobias , Klingenspor Martin 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivePrevious studies have revealed decreased mitochondrial respiration in adipocytes of obese mice. This study aimed to identify the molecular underpinnings of altered mitochondrial metabolism in adipocytes.MethodsUntargeted proteomics of mitochondria isolated from adipocytes and metabolite profiling of adipose tissues were conducted in diet‐induced obese (DIO) and lean mice. Subcutaneous and intra‐abdominal adipose tissues were studied to depict depot‐specific alterations.ResultsIn subcutaneous adipocytes of DIO mice, changes in proteins related to mitochondrial structure and function were observed. Mitochondrial proteins of the inner and outer membrane were strongly reduced, whereas proteins of key matrix metabolic pathways were increased in the obese versus lean state, as further substantiated by metabolite profiling. A pronounced decrease in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzymatic equipment and cristae density of the inner membrane was identified. In intra‐abdominal adipocytes, similar systematic downregulation of the OXPHOS machinery in obesity occurred, but there was no regulation of outer membrane or matrix proteins.ConclusionsProtein components of the OXPHOS machinery are systematically downregulated in adipose tissues of DIO mice compared with lean mice. Loss of the mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity in adipocytes may aggravate the development of metabolic disease.
Behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with 5‐year weight trajectories within the PORTAL Overweight/Obesity Cohort
Authors: Fitzpatrick Stephanie L. , Rosales Ana G. , Brown Susan D. , Arterburn David E. , Daley Matthew F. , Horberg Michael , Koebnick Corinna , Oshiro Caryn , Young Deborah R. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to model weight trajectories over a 5‐year time period (2012–2016) and their association with behavioural and psychosocial characteristics and health care–related experiences using data from the Patient Outcomes Research to Advance Learning (PORTAL) overweight/obesity cohort.MethodsWeight trajectories for each eligible patient in the PORTAL overweight/obesity cohort (n = 2864) were identified first using growth modelling; trajectories were then grouped using a hierarchical cluster analysis. Weight trajectory clusters that emerged were compared on demographics, and predictors of cluster membership were examined. Clusters were also compared on responses to a survey assessing health behaviours, quality of life, and health care experience completed in 2015 by 49% of the total sample (n = 1391).ResultsSeven distinct weight trajectory clusters were identified: (a) significant weight loss then maintenance; (b) higher stable weight; (c) moderate stable weight; (d) steady weight loss then relapse; (e) weight gain then weight loss; (f) steady weight gain then maintenance; and (g) lower stable weight. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index at baseline predicted patient's weight trajectory (P < .001). Over two thirds of patients maintained their weight over the 5‐year period. Significant weight loss then maintenance, weight gain then weight loss, and higher stable weight patients were more likely to report receiving weight counselling from their provider. Patients in the significant weight loss then maintenance and lower stable weight clusters were more likely to be physically active than the other clusters.ConclusionFindings suggest variability in patterns of weight change among adults with overweight or obesity who have access to health care and that these patterns differ on demographic, behavioural and psychosocial factors, and health care experience.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect the concentration and distribution of nutrients in the grain differently in barley compared with wheat
Authors: Watts‐Williams Stephanie J. , Gilbert Sarah E. 
Published: February 2020

Societal Impact StatementCereal crops such as wheat and barley provide key nutritional elements to the human diet. However, the distribution of nutrients within the cereal grain itself is critically important, as nutrients can be lost during the grain milling process. Mycorrhizal fungi can take up nutrients from the soil and deliver them to plants, and consequently, grain nutrient content can be modified by inoculation of the soil with mycorrhizal fungi. Here we show at the microscopic level how mycorrhizal fungi modify the concentration and distribution of nutrients within wheat and barley grain, and consider the impact of this for human nutrition.Summary

The concentration and distribution of nutrients in cereal grains are critically important for human nutrition. Mycorrhizal fungi affect the yield and nutrition of cereal crops, but there has been little focus on the effects on the grain, particularly at the microscopic level. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can modify grain nutrient concentrations relative to mock‐inoculated plants, it is not known whether this contributes to modifications to the distribution of nutrients within the grain.
Barley and bread wheat plants were grown to maturity with or without AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis) inoculation in soil amended with 20 mg added zinc kg−1. The resulting grain from matured plants was dried, fixed and sectioned to the root primordia level, then subjected to laser ablation ICP‐MS to analyse the distribution and concentration of 12 elements.
Elemental concentration and localisation in the grain samples was highly influenced by plant species, and for some elements, AMF inoculation. Heavy metals (zinc, iron, manganese, copper, cobalt and nickel) were the most highly influenced by AMF inoculation, particularly in wheat; macronutrients including phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and sulphur were also affected by AMF, particularly in barley.
Elemental concentrations, particularly of macronutrients, tended to be greater in mycorrhizal barley grain than non‐mycorrhizal, but the reverse was observed in wheat grain. Mycorrhizal plants of both species had reduced accumulation of manganese, nickel and cobalt in the grain.
Development of an improved model for settling velocity and evaluation of the settleability characteristics
Authors: Bakiri Zahir , Nacef Saci 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe characterization of sludge settling is important in determining the operating performance of the secondary clarifier and also evaluating the purification efficiency of wastewater treatment plants. Many models have been proposed to explain the activities of settling velocity and illustrating the relationship between settleability characteristics. The aim of this research was to present a model for the settling velocity as a function of the stirred specific volume index at 3.5 g/L (SSVI3.5), based on the Vesilind function, the solids flux theory, and the experimental data. Using this model gives an important performance improvement after calibration of the different settleability parameters.Practitioner points

Batch settling tests are some of the most interesting source of information to determine the sedimentation velocities and their characteristics.

The modeling as an optimum operation of wastewater treatment plants is widely used for design, optimization, and management of installations.

The characterization of sludge settling is important in determining the operating performance of the secondary clarifier.

The characterization of sludge settling is necessary to evaluate the purification efficiency of wastewater treatment plants.
Holographic dual to charged SYK from 3D gravity and Chern-Simons
Authors: Gaikwad Adwait , Joshi Lata Kh , Mandal Gautam , Wadia Spenta R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain a bulk dual to the low energy sector of the SYK model, including SYK model with U(1) charge, by Kaluza-Klein (KK) reduction from three dimensions. We show that KK reduction of the 3D Einstein action plus its boundary term gives the Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) model in 2D with the appropriate 1D boundary term. The size of the KK radius gets identified with the value of the dilaton in the resulting near-AdS2 geometry. In presence of U(1) charge, the 3D model additionally includes a U(1) Chern-Simons (CS) action. In order to describe a boundary theory with non-zero chemical potential, we also introduce a coupling between CS gauge field and bulk gravity. The 3D CS action plus the new coupling term with appropriate boundary terms reduce in two dimensions to a BF-type action plus a source term and boundary terms. The KK reduced 2D theory represents the soft sector of the charged SYK model. The pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone modes of combined Diff/SL(2, ℝ) and U(1)local/U(1) transformations are represented by combined large diffeomorphisms and large gauge transformations. The effective action of the former is reproduced by the action cost of the latter in the bulk dual, after appropriate identification of parameters. We compute chaotic correlators from the bulk and reproduce the result that the contribution from the “boundary photons” corresponds to zero Liapunov exponent.
RIG-I aggravates interstitial fibrosis via c-Myc-mediated fibroblast activation in UUO mice
Authors: Zhou Zhuanli , Ni Jiayun , Li Jingyao , Huo Chuanbing , Miao Naijun , Yin Fan , Cheng Qian , Xu Dan , Xie Hongyan , Chen Panpan , Zheng Peiqing , Zhang Yingying , Zhou Li , Zhang Wei , Yu Chen , Liu Jun , Lu Limin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the common final outcome for all kidney diseases evolving into chronic kidney disease (CKD), whereas molecular mechanisms driving fibrogenesis remain elusive. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, is originally identified participating in immune response by recognizing virus RNA. Here, we revealed for the first time that RIG-I was induced in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and folic acid (FA) renal fibrosis models and moderate-degree renal fibrosis patients. Besides, we found RIG-I was mainly located in renal tubular epithelial cells and promoted the production and release of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 through activation of NF-κB. Inflammatory cytokines released by tubular epithelial cells activated c-Myc-mediated TGF-β/Smad signaling in fibroblasts, which in turn aggravated interstitial fibrosis by promoting fibroblast activation and production of extracellular matrix components (ECM). Deficiency of RIG-I attenuated renal fibrosis by the regulation of inflammatory responses, c-Myc expression, and fibroblast activation. Besides, gene silencing of RIG-I reduced inflammatory cytokines in cultured tubular epithelial cells treated with Angiotensin II. Knockdown of c-Myc or c-Myc inhibitor blocked IL-1β-induced fibroblast activation. Collectively, our study demonstrates that RIG-I plays a significant role in the progress of renal fibrosis via regulating c-Myc-mediated fibroblast activation.

Key messages
• RIG-I was constantly elevated in kidneys from renal fibrotic mice.
• RIG-I facilitated inflammatory cytokine production in tubular epithelial cells.
• RIG-I aggravated renal fibrosis via c-Myc-mediated TGF-β/Smad activation.
The revelation of superintelligence
Authors: Szocik Konrad , Tkacz Bartłomiej , Gulczyński Patryk 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe idea of superintelligence is a source of mainly philosophical and ethical considerations. Those considerations are rooted in the idea that an entity which is more intelligent than humans, may evolve in some point in the future. For obvious reasons, the superintelligence is considered as a kind of existential threat for humanity. In this essay, we discuss two ideas. One of them is the putative nature of future superintelligence which does not necessary need to be harmful for humanity. Our key idea states that the superintelligence does not need to assess its own survival as the highest value. As a kind of intelligence that is not biological, it is not clear what kind of attitude the superintelligent entity may evolve towards living organisms. Our second idea refers to the possible revelation of superintelligence. We assume that the self-revelation of such entity cannot be random. The metaphor of God as a superintelligence is introduced here as a helpful conceptual tool.
Long-term outcome upon treatment of calcified lesions of the lower limb using scoring angioplasty balloon (AngioSculpt™)
Authors: Kronlage Mariya , Werner Carolin , Dufner Matthias , Blessing Erwin , Müller Oliver J. , Heilmeier Britta , Katus Hugo A. , Erbel Christian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aims
In peripheral artery disease (PAD), endovascular treatment success of heavily calcified lesions is often compromised by a number of vascular complications, such as recoils, dissections and need for target vessel re-interventions. The increasing use of scoring balloon techniques has raised the hope for better periprocedural outcomes; however, the knowledge regarding the actual benefits of the scoring balloon technique in comparison to standard therapy is still limited. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of scoring balloon angioplasty in a real-life patients’ collective with PAD.

Methods and Results
A total of 425 patients with moderate to severely calcified femoropopliteal lesions received interventional treatment between 2011 and 2018 at the single center; 230 received a treatment with a scoring balloon (AngioSculpt™), and 195 received a plain procedure without AngioSculpt™. Key questions of this analysis were: (1) whether AngioSculpt™ can be used as a safe and effective stand-alone treatment in heavily calcified lesions in a 24-month follow-up, as well as (2) whether target lesion preparation with scoring balloon bears additional benefits to standard treatment (PTA ± stent implantation). In terms of freedom from target lesion revascularization there were no significant differences between AngioSculpt™ and standard procedure (82.3% vs. 78.1%, P > 0.05). Vessel preparation with balloon angioplasty had no additional effects on survival and amputation rates in comparison to standard treatment without AngioSculpt™ (P > 0.05). The deployment of a scoring balloon did not reduce the subsequent need for additional stent implantations (32.6%, and 32.3%, P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Lesion preparation with AngioSculpt™ scoring balloon represents a safe and effective tool in the treatment of complex femoropopliteal lesions. In this retrospective analysis, AngioSculpt™ scoring balloon angioplasty did not significantly improve vessel patency- both when used as an adjunctive in preparation for stenting and as stand-alone treatment. A prospective study is needed to further investigate the scoring balloon treatment options.

Graphic abstract