bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subclass distribution of low‐density lipoprotein triglyceride and the clustering of metabolic syndrome components in Japanese children
Authors: Tonouchi Ryousuke , Okada Tomoo , Abe Yuriko , Kazama Minako , Kuromori Yuki , Yoshino Yayoi , Iwata Fujihiko , Hara Mitsuhiko , Saito Emiko , Morioka Ichiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies demonstrated that low‐density lipoprotein‐tryglyceride (LDL‐TG) may represent another marker of cardiovascular risks. We therefore measured LDL‐TG including the low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass distribution and investigated the association between LDL‐TG subclass profile and the clustering of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and insulin resistance in Japanese children.MethodsThe study included 237 schoolchildren (boys 115, girls 122). Four subclasses of low‐density lipoprotein‐tryglyceride (large, medium, small, and very small) was quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Total LDL‐TG and TG levels in LDL subclasses were evaluated among four MetS component groups; non‐abdominal obesity, abdominal obesity, pre‐MetS, and MetS.ResultsTotal LDL‐TG (P = 0.0003, P = 0.0175) and triglyceride levels in LDL subclasses were significantly different among four MetS component groups (large: P = 0.0002, P = 0.0084; medium: P = 0.0009, P = 0.0491; small: P =0.0025, P = 0.0509; very small: P = 0.0808, P = 0.0228; boys and girls, respectively). Total LDL‐TG (r = 0.411, P < 0.0001, r = 0.378. P < 0.0001) and triglyceride levels in LDL subclasses correlated positively with the homeostasis model of assessment ratio (large: r = 0.396, P < 0.0001, r = 0.346, P < 0.0001; medium: r = 0.274, P = 0.0030, r = 0.228, P = 0.0115; small: r = 0.342, P = 0.0002, r = 0.292, P = 0.0011; very small: r = 0.385, P < 0.0001, r = 0.426, P < 0.0001, boys and girls, respectively).ConclusionsSubclass distribution of LDL‐TG was significantly associated with the clustering of MetS components in both sexes, and insulin resistance is a significant determinant of LDL‐TG in all LDL subclasses. Lipoprotein‐tryglyceride subclass analysis, rather than LDL‐C, may provide a precise evaluation for cardiovascular disease risks in children with MetS.
Non‐dipping phenomenon effects in monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis treatment?
Authors: Çelakıl Mehtap 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMonosymptomatic enuresis nocturna patients are shown to have disrupted blood‐pressure regulation accompanying polyuria. In our study, we aimed to research the desmopressin response of enuresis patients with blood‐pressure regulation problems.MethodsThe study included 175 patients, aged from 6–15 years, with a diagnosis of monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna. Before treatment, 24 h ambulatory blood‐pressure monitoring (ABPM) was used to identify 52 non‐dipper patients and 73 patients with normal results. The responses to desmopressin treatment and clinical and demographic characteristics affecting response were compared.ResultsThe response to desmopressin treatment was found to be significantly low in the patients who were non‐dippers on 24 h ABPM before treatment compared to those with normal ABPM results (P < 0.05). Similarly, the waking problems in the non‐dipper group were found to be high by a significant degree (P < 0.05). In the non‐dipper group, the systolic non‐dipping rate was higher.ConclusionsBefore desmopressin use, assessment of patients with a 24 h ABPM may be beneficial to select the method to be used for treatment.
Psychological functioning and psychosocial issues in pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Amatya Kaushalendra , Monnin Kara , Steinberg Christofferson Elizabeth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearch demonstrates that psychological factors are important for positive transplant outcomes, though there is little literature that synthesizes these factors in a comprehensive model among pediatric kidney transplant patients. This review analyzes psychological and psychosocial factors related to medical outcomes and overall well‐being post‐transplant by utilizing the PPPHM and referencing the existing literature on risk and resilience. Pediatric kidney transplant recipients are more susceptible to mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, and ADHD, as well as developmental and neurocognitive delays, compared to healthy peers. Complex medical care and psychosocial needs for patients have implications for family functioning, parental and sibling mental health, and youth readiness to transition to adult care. It is important to carefully monitor patient functioning with empirically validated tools and to intervene in a multidisciplinary setting as early as possible to identify patients at risk and reduce potential negative impact. Psychologists are uniquely trained to assess and address these issues and are a valuable component of multidisciplinary, culturally competent care. While research in this expansive field is improving, more data are needed to establish gold standard approaches to mental health and psychosocial care in this population.
Safety and Clinical Impact of a Single Red Light Irradiation on Breast Tumor‐Bearing Mice
Authors: Pereira Saulo T. , Silva Camila R. , Nuñez Silvia C. , Ribeiro Martha S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLow‐level light therapy has been used in health care as a therapeutic strategy for different diseases. However, its effects on cancer are controversial. This work evaluated the effects of three energies on breast cancer‐bearing mice after a single red light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation. 4T1 cells were inoculated into the mammary fat pad of female BALB/c mice. When tumor volume reached 100 mm3, animals were irradiated by a LED irradiator (660 ± 11 nm) with energies of 1.2, 3.6, and 6.0 J. Control without irradiation and healthy animals were also evaluated. Mice were monitored regarding tumor volume and total blood count. After euthanasia, their organs were examined. We observed that a single irradiation does not increase tumor volume. All irradiated groups exhibited better clinical conditions than control, which presented a significant decrease in platelet and red blood cell levels compared with healthy mice. The energy of 3.6 J arrested neutrophil‐lymphocyte rate besides promoting longer survival and a lower number of metastatic nodules in the lungs. These findings suggest that a single red LED irradiation causes no impact on the course of the disease. Besides, the intermediary dose‐effect should be further investigated since it seems to promote better outcomes on breast cancer‐bearing mice.
Photodestruction of Stromal Fibroblasts Enhances Tumor Response to PDT in 3D Pancreatic Cancer Coculture Models
Authors: Karimnia Vida , Rizvi Imran , Slack Frank J. , Celli Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal of human cancers. The dismal response of PDAC to virtually all therapeutics is associated, in part, with a characteristically dense fibrotic stroma. This stroma not only acts as a barrier to drug perfusion, but also promotes tumor survival through paracrine crosstalk and biophysical interactions. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being explored for PDAC treatment, though the impact of tumor‐promoting stromal crosstalk on PDT response in PDAC is not well‐characterized. The current study assesses the effect of tumor‐stroma interactions on response to PDT or chemotherapy in heterocellular 3D cocultures using PDAC cells and two different fibroblastic cell types (pancreatic stellate cells, PSCs, and a normal human fibroblast cell line, MRC5) embedded in extracellular matrix (ECM). While stromal fibroblasts promote resistance to chemotherapy as expected, PDAC 3D nodules in coculture with fibroblasts exhibit increased response to PDT relative to homotypic cultures. These results point to the potential for PDT to overcome tumor‐promoting stromal interactions associated with poor therapeutic response in PDAC.
UV‐C light: A powerful technique for inactivating microorganisms and the related side effects to the skin
Authors: Ploydaeng Monthanat , Rajatanavin Natta , Rattanakaemakorn Ploysyne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHospital‐associated infections have led to a significant increment of morbidity and mortality among patients. As a result, the public health had concentrated on preventing the transmission of infection using environmental controls. UV‐C radiation or ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) had caught interest for decades as it can potentially degrade many kinds of microorganisms. This review aims to highlight the current information regarding the ability of UV‐C radiation in terms of disinfection and focuses on its application and safety in the medical field.
Treatment of paediatric eczema with narrowband ultraviolet light B therapy
Authors: Hunjan Manrup K. , Brockley Julia R. , Buka Richard , Ramesh Raakhee 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundNarrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy (nbUVB) is a well‐established, well‐tolerated and efficacious treatment for eczema. There is a distinct lack of literature surrounding the therapeutic use of nbUVB in eczema in children and especially in children with higher skin phototypes (III to VI).MethodsWe undertook a retrospective review of children aged 18 years and under with eczema who had undergone nbUVB in our department between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2017. Abstracted data included sex, age, skin phototype, severity as graded by a paediatric dermatologist, cumulative dose, response to treatment and subsequent remission.ResultsIn total, 60 children had nbUVB. Of those, 56 had more than 10 nbUVB exposures. Complete or near‐complete clearance was achieved in 31 children (52%). Of those, 24 (77%) had a skin phototype of III or greater. Clinical remission rates of these patients were 100%, 87%, 57% and 52% at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Seventeen patients (28%) suffered side effects. Most commonly these were mild side effects such as erythema and xerosis.ConclusionWe have demonstrated that nbUVB is a safe, well‐tolerated and efficacious form of treatment for children with atopic eczema. We have shown it to be effective in those with skin phototypes greater than III and shown that they are a group that may derive greater long‐term efficacy. In clinical practice, preference for nbUVB as second‐line treatment, over oral systemics, should always be considered.
Immunopathology and modulation induced by hookworms: From understanding to intervention
Authors: Mourão Dias Magalhães Luisa , Silva Araújo Passos Livia , Toshio Fujiwara Ricardo , Lacerda Bueno Lilian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHookworm infection is considered the most prevalent human soil‐transmitted helminth infection affecting approximately 500 million people and accounting for 3.2 million disability‐adjusted life years lost annually. As with many other neglected tropical diseases, no international surveillance mechanisms that show accurate data on the prevalence of hookworm infection are in place, thus hindering strategies to control parasite transmission. In this review, we unravel the current knowledge in immunopathology and immunoregulation of hookworm infection and present discoveries in drug therapies based on the capability of hookworms to regulate inflammation to treat allergic, inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Additionally, we highlight potential vaccine development and treatments and propose avenues for further inquiry.
Involvement of soluble proteins in growth and metabolic adjustments of drought‐stressed Calligonum mongolicum seedlings under nitrogen addition
Authors: Zhang Z. , Tariq A. , Zeng F. , Chai X. , Graciano C. 
Published: October 2020

The planting of seedlings is the most effective measure for vegetation restoration. However, this practice is challenging in desert ecosystems where water and nutrients are scarce. Calligonum mongolicum is a sand‐fixing pioneer shrub species, and its adaptive strategy for nitrogen (N) deposition and drought is poorly understood.

Thus, in a pot experiment, we studied the impacts of four N levels (0, 3, 6, 9 gN·m−2·year−1) under drought or a well‐watered regime on multiple eco‐physiological responses of 1‐year‐old C. mongolicum seedlings.

Compared to well‐watered conditions, drought considerably influenced seedling growth by impairing photosynthesis, osmolyte accumulation and activity of superoxide dismutase and enzymes related to N metabolism. Nitrogen addition improved the productivity of drought‐stressed seedlings, as revealed by increased water use efficiency, enhanced superoxide dismutase and nitrite reductase activity and elevated N and phosphorus (P) levels in seedlings. Nevertheless, the addition of moderate to high levels of N (6–9 gN·m−2·year−1) impaired net photosynthesis, osmolyte accumulation and nitrate reductase activity. N addition and water regimes did not markedly change the N:P ratios of aboveground parts; while more biomass and nutrients were allocated to fine roots to assimilate the insufficient resources. Soluble protein in assimilating shoots might play a vital role in adaptation to the desert environment.

The response of C. mongolicum seedlings to N addtion and drought involved an interdependency between soluble protein and morphological, physiological and biochemical processes. These findings provide an important reference for vegetation restoration in arid lands under global change.
Herbivory and leaf traits of Amazonian tree species as affected by irradiance
Authors: Coelho da Silva D. , Guimarães Z. T. M. , Ferreira dos Santos V. A. H. , Grandis A. , Palacios C. E. , Ferreira M. J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Herbivory is one of the major biotic stress factors that affect the establishment of plants. However, the main factors that drive herbivory in seedlings of Amazonian tree species are still not well understood. Here we investigated whether contrasting levels of irradiance influence herbivory according to different herbivory indicators and which leaf traits are most related to interspecific variation in herbivory under contrasting irradiance conditions.

We measured the leaf area lost as a result of insect herbivory in five tree species planted in a silvicultural system of secondary forest enrichment according to two indicators, herbivore damage (accumulated since plant germination) and herbivory rate (measured over time), and two irradiance conditions, understorey PPFD 2.6 mol·m−2·day−1) and gap PPFD 33.1 mol·m−2·day−1. Furthermore, we related the interspecific variation in herbivory to a set of leaf traits: SLA, RWC, sclerophylly, phenolic compound content, tannins, condensed tannins and non‐structural carbohydrates.

Herbivore damage was significantly affected by light availability and species, with the highest percentage variation observed in the Meliaceae (Carapa guianensis and Swietenia macrophylla). For the herbivory rate, only the interspecific variation was significant, with Bertholletia excelsa having the lowest rates. Chemical characteristics (phenolic compounds and tannins) were most related to herbivory rates, as well as highly influenced by light conditions. Non‐structural carbohydrates (starch and sucrose) were also related to the interspecific variation in herbivory.

The phenolic compounds and starch, as affected by light quantity, are species dependent. Thus, the selective pressure on herbivores may be driven by species‐dependent responses to light conditions.
A case of tuberculosis meningitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Yang Jinyoung , Moon Sunghyun , Kwon Minsuk , Huh Kyungmin , Jung Chul Won 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report a case of tuberculosis (TB) meningitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. The patient was 52‐year‐old woman who had relapsed leukemia with a remission duration of 7 months, and she received re‐induction with consolidation, allogeneic HSCT. After 4 days of engraftment, she had headache with fever and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis presented increased intracerebral pressure, white blood cell counts with dominant neutrophils, elevated glucose and protein level. Brain imaging showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement with scattered miliary TB lesions suggesting disseminated TB disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in CSF and sputum anti‐TB medication was started. She was IGRA positive before transplantation but did not receive treatment for LTBI prior or during the transplant. Unfortunately, she expired because of intracerebral hemorrhage. TB meningitis is a rare but important complication of HSCT as it can cause serious neurologic sequelae, even death. So in transplant recipients having high risk of TB reactivation, LTBI treatment is recommended before or along with transplantation. If latent TB is not treated, vigilant suspicion and early diagnosis of TB meningitis could improve the transplant outcome.
Epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes associated with cytomegalovirus in adult kidney transplant recipients: A systematic literature review of real‐world evidence
Authors: Raval Amit D. , Kistler Kristin D. , Tang Yuexin , Murata Yoshihiko , Snydman David R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have increased risk for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection/disease given the necessity of drug‐induced immunosuppression. A comprehensive review of published literature reporting real‐world data on prevention strategies utilized and associated CMV burden outcomes is limited. Such data could help inform future clinical practice and identify unmet needs in CMV management. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies published in Medline or EMBASE from January 2008 to November 2018 to identify current real‐world CMV management approaches, CMV infection/disease risk factors, and outcomes associated with CMV infection. Descriptive statistics and pooled quantitative analyses were conducted. From 1608 records screened, 86 citations, including 69 803 adult KTR, were included. Prophylaxis and preemptive therapy (PET) were predominant approaches among D+/R‐ and R + CMV serostatus transplants, respectively. Valganciclovir and ganciclovir were frequently utilized across CMV risk strata. Despite prevention approaches, approximately one‐fourth of KTR developed CMV infection. Age and D+/R‐ CMV serostatus were consistent risk factors for CMV infection/disease. CMV infection/disease was associated with increased mortality and graft loss. CMV was similarly associated with acute rejection (AR) risk, but with high heterogeneity among studies. Limited data were available on CMV and opportunistic infections (OIs) risk. CMV remains a significant issue. New strategies may be needed to optimize CMV management.
Pre‐transplant bariatric surgery is associated with increased fungal infection after liver transplant
Authors: Jorgenson Margaret R. , Gracon Adam S. , Hanlon Bret , Leverson Glen E. , Parajuli Sandesh , Smith Jeannina A. , Al‐Adra David P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe impact of pre‐transplant (pre‐TXP) bariatric surgery (BS) on outcomes after liver transplant (LTX) has not been completely elucidated. Roux‐en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most common BS procedures. The primary objective of this study was to identify the risk of infection in LTX recipients with pre‐TXP RYGB.MethodsAdult patients with LTX between 1/1/2001 and 9/30/2018 at our center were screened for pre‐TXP RYGB; patients with gastrectomy via sleeve or banding were excluded. Patients with no history of BS pre‐ or post‐transplant were placed in a comparator group, matched 2:1 via incidence density sampling on age epoch.ResultsThere were 16 LTX recipients with pre‐TXP RYGB matched to 32 controls. Median time from RYGB to transplant was 11.7 years. Mean weight loss was 66 ± 19 kg. There were significantly more women with pre‐TXP RYGB than in the matched control (RYGB:68.8% vs control:25%, P = .009). Demographics were otherwise similar between groups. Pre‐TXP RYGB did not significantly increase hospital or ICU length of stay (P = .5, P = .3) but was associated with a significantly increased rate of fungal infection at 1 year (RYGB:33.4% vs control:9.7%, P = .01), and a numerical trend to increased bacterial infection (RYGB:56.2% vs control:32.2%, P = .09).ConclusionDespite the substantial weight loss attributed to BS, patients with pre‐TXP RYGB demonstrated increased rates of fungal infection after transplant and trended toward increased bacterial infection. While the anatomical complexity associated with LTX surgery after RYGB did not appear to significantly affect ICU or hospital length of stay, it may have contributed to overall infectious risk, and possibly to impaired survival. Additionally, bypass of the host natural barrier defenses of the stomach could also have contributed to infectious risk. Our findings highlight the complexity of this patient population. Future prospective studies are needed to investigate risk of infection after LTX in the setting of pre‐Txp BS. Potential modification in fungal prophylaxis protocols to include pre‐TXP RYGB may be warranted.
Zoonotic sporotrichosis in renal transplant recipients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Fichman Vivian , Marques de Macedo Priscila , Francis Saraiva Freitas Dayvison , Carlos Francesconi do Valle Antonio , Almeida‐Silva Fernando , Reis Bernardes‐Engemann Andréa , Zancopé‐Oliveira Rosely Maria , Almeida‐Paes Rodrigo , Clara Gutierrez‐Galhardo Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSporotrichosis is the main subcutaneous mycosis in the world. In the last two decades, zoonotic sporotrichosis transmitted by cats has become hyperendemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Renal transplant recipients are subject to invasive fungal infection because of the effects of immunosuppressive therapy, but sporotrichosis is rarely reported. The authors conducted a retrospective study describing epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data related to adult renal‐transplant‐recipient patients diagnosed with sporotrichosis. The molecular identification of fungal isolates was performed. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITZ), posaconazole (POS), isavuconazole, and terbinafine (TRB) against the strains was determined using the protocol described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Six cases were identified from a cohort with 2429 sporotrichosis patients. They were five men and one woman, with a mean age of 44.2 years (range: 34‐54 years). Four of them had cutaneous limited forms, and two patients had disseminated forms. The mean time between transplant and the onset of sporotrichosis symptoms was 25.5 (range: 6‐36) months. Sporothrix brasiliensis was identified as the causative agent. The isolates were classified as wild type for all antifungal drugs tested. Treatment schemes included AMB (deoxycholate and liposomal), ITZ, and TRB. Five patients evolved to cure, and one died as a result of disseminated disease. Renal transplant recipients may be a vulnerable group for sporotrichosis in endemic countries. The authors highlight the importance of sporotrichosis prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment to prevent disseminated disease and poor prognosis.
COVID‐19 vaccine research and development: ethical issues
Authors: Wibawa T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe achievements of vaccine research and development bring a hope to our societies that we may cope with the COVID‐19 pandemic. There are two aspects that should be maintained in balance: the immediate necessity for speed of vaccine research and the inherent need for protection of research subjects, which is the foremost concern of research ethics. This narrative review highlights ethical issues in COVID‐19 vaccine research and development that every stakeholder needs to be aware of and to consider.