bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in gut microbiota composition in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes subjects in a multi-ethnic population: the HELIUS study
Authors: Deschasaux Mélanie , Bouter Kristien , Prodan Andrei , Levin Evgeni , Groen Albert , Herrema Hilde , Tremaroli Valentina , Snijder Marieke , Nicolaou Mary , Zwinderman Aeilko , Bäckhed Fredrik , Nieuwdorp Max 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecently, increased attention has been drawn to the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its possible role in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, potential variation in gut microbiota composition across ethnic groups is rarely considered despite observed unequal prevalence for these diseases. Our objective was therefore to study the gut microbiota composition across health, metabolic syndrome and T2DM in a multi-ethnic population residing in the same geographical area. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from 3926 participants to the HELIUS cohort (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), representing 6 ethnic groups (Dutch, Ghanaians, Moroccans, Turks, Surinamese of either African or South-Asian descent). Included participants completed a questionnaire and underwent a physical examination and overnight fasted blood sampling. Gut microbiota composition was compared across metabolic status (diabetes with and without metformin use, metabolic syndrome and its subsequent components, health) and ethnicities using Wilcoxon-Mann-Withney tests and logistic regressions. Overall, the gut microbiota alpha-diversity (richness, Shannon index and phylogenetic diversity) decreased with worsening of the metabolic state (comparing health to metabolic syndrome to T2DM) but this was only partially reproduced in ethnic-specific analyses. In line, a lower alpha-diversity was found in relation to all metabolic syndrome components as well as in T2DM subjects using metformin compared to non-users. Alterations, mainly decreased abundances, were also observed at the genus level (many Clostridiales) in metabolic syndrome subjects and more strongly in T2DM subjects with differences across ethnic groups. In particular, we observed decreased abundances of members of the Peptostreptococcaceae family and of Turicibacter and an increased abundance of a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Our data highlight several compositional differences in the gut microbiota of individuals with metabolic syndrome or T2DM. These features, confirming prior observations, give some insights into potential key intestinal bacteria related to a worsening of metabolic state. Our results also underscore possible ethnic-specific profiles associated with these microbiota alterations that should be further explored.
Dietary Patterns and Associations with Chronic Diseases of Ageing: Evidence from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Authors: O'Connor Deirdre , Scarlett Siobhan , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the field of nutritional epidemiology, principal component analysis (PCA) has been used to derive dietary patterns, but this has never been conducted in a large, nationally representative sample of older adults in Ireland. The aim was to identify dietary patterns amongst older adults in Ireland derived through PCA and to examine cross-sectional associations with common comorbidities of ageing.PCA was performed using data from Wave 3 of TILDA (2014), a nationally representative cohort of community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 54 (n = 4,395). We derived major dietary patterns from a PCA of reported intake from a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Objective measures for Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes (HbA1c), bone density(heel bone ultrasound), blood pressure and total cholesterol were collected during a health assessment. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was also performed during health assessment with trained interviewers, as a measure of global cognitive function.Statistical analyses were conducted using multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, income, educational attainment, alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity.With the use of PCA, five dietary patterns were identified in the sample - Pattern 1 (fresh fruit, vegetable, fresh fish and dairy), Pattern 2 (confectionary, fatty and processed foods), Pattern 3 (meats, processed meats and salty foods), Pattern 4 (carbohydrates and processed foods) and Pattern 5 (savoury snacks, spreads and processed foods). Those characterized by Pattern 4 were more likely to be overweight (adjusted RRR 0.12, 95% CI 0.05–0.20; p = 0.001), obesity (adjusted RRR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10–0.27; p = 0.001) and have diabetes (adjusted RRR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01–0.19; p = 0.024) after adjusting for known covariates.Our results suggest that in the older adult population of Ireland, a dietary pattern typified by consumption of refined grains and processed carbohydrates is associated with higher prevalence of overweight, obesity and diabetes.
Dietary deficiencies in middle-aged obese Polish men and women
Authors: Witkowska Anna M. , Waśkiewicz Anna , Zujko Małgorzata E. , Szcześniewska Danuta , Stepaniak Urszula , Drygas Wojciech 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObesity predisposes to such health conditions, as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, osteoarthritis. Poor diet is among the common causes of obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intake of macro- and micronutrients in obese Polish men and women in accordance with the recommended intakes. Two hundreds ninety seven obese men (BMI > 30) and 412 obese women, aged 45–65 years, participants of the population-based cross-sectional Polish National Multicenter Health Examination Surveys - WOBASZ (2003–2005) and WOBASZ II (2013–2014) were selected for the study. Nutritional data were collected using a single 24-hour dietary recall method. Nutrient content in the diet was calculated according to national tables of food composition and compared to the current dietary recommendations. Anthropometric measurements were recorded using standard anthropometric procedures. Descriptive statistics were used for the determination of means, standard deviations (SD), median, and for the percentage analyses of the macro- and micronutrient intakes. In men the average energy from fat was 37.8%, while in the women 35.5%, compared to 20–35% recommended, while for saturated fat it was 13.95% in men and 13.37% in women, compared to the recommended level of less than 10%. A low percentage of men (M) and women (W) implementing dietary recommendations for vitamin D (M = 3.03%, W = 0.97%), calcium (M = 9.09%, W = 7.52%), magnesium (M = 22.22%, W = 35.92%), saturated fats (M = 17.85%, W = 19.90%), folates (M = 22.90%, W = 14.08%) and dietary fiber (M = 31.31%, W = 18.45%) was found. The highest percentage of participants who consumed the recommended amounts was found in the case of iron (M = 95.62%, W = 84.22%). About 1 % of obese participants were on a weight-reducing diet, while 10% of men and 11% of women were on other diets (low-cholesterol, low-fat, diabetic). In this study energy intake from total and saturated fat was higher than the recommended level. This indicates the incorrect structure of energy in the meals of obese middle-aged people. The mean intake of dietary fiber was below the recommended 25 g/day both in men and women. An adequate fiber intake ensures better glycemic control, satiety and prevents constipation. A limitation of this study is the use of a 24-hour dietary recall method, that may not reflect long-term food consumption. Also obese people tend to underreport how much food they consume. However, in this study about one tenth of the participants reported that they are on a diet. This study showed that dietary deficiencies are common in middle-aged obese Polish men and women.
Longitudinal age-related changes in cobalamin and folate status in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Jungert Alexandra , Zenke-Philippi Carola , Neuhäuser-Berthold Monika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdvancing age is regarded as a risk factor for an insufficient cobalamin and folate status. However, longitudinal data are lacking and little is known on the impact of age in subjects ≥ 60 years after considering potential confounding factors. Therefore, the present study investigates age-related changes in cobalamin and folate status in older adults by using longitudinal data of 332 German subjects aged ≥ 60 years, who participated in the longitudinal study on nutrition and health status of senior citizens in Giessen (GISELA study). All subjects had complete data records on at least three follow-ups between 1997 and 2014. The mean follow-up time was 12 years. Fasting serum concentrations of cobalamin and folate were determined with SimulTRAC-SNB radio assay kit. In each follow-up, body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), dietary cobalamin and folate intakes (3-day estimated dietary record), supplement use and lifestyle factors (questionnaires) were assessed. Linear mixed models were used to analyze age-related changes in serum concentrations of cobalamin and folate by considering sex, absolute fat-free mass, supplement use, dietary intakes and smoking behavior as potential confounding variables. Furthermore, due to the metabolic interaction of cobalamin and folate, linear mixed models implemented a mutual adjustment of serum cobalamin and serum folate. At baseline, 11.4 % and 7.8 % of the subjects had cobalamin concentrations < 148 pmol/L and folate concentrations < 10 nmol/L, respectively. In contrast, dietary cobalamin intakes < 4 μg/d and folate intakes < 300 μg/d were found in 24.4 % and 76.5 % of the subjects, respectively. Without adjustments, a positive influence of age on serum cobalamin [parameter estimate (95 % CI) = 4.57 (1.67, 7.46)] and serum folate [0.29 (0.18, 0.40)] was found. After multiple adjustments, age was still a positive predictor of serum folate [0.25 (0.14, 0.36)], whereas no significant influence on serum cobalamin was found [2.73 (-0.23, 5.69)]. Similar results were noticed when the analyses were restricted to non-users of B-vitamin/multi-vitamin supplements. In conclusion, the present study in community-dwelling subjects does not confirm age-related declines in serum concentrations of cobalamin and folate between the ages of 60 and 90 years. Although a significant proportion of the subjects showed dietary intake levels below the current European references values, serum concentrations of cobalamin and folate were predominantly in reference ranges. Longitudinal investigations on other biomarkers of cobalamin and folate status are warranted.
Intentional weight loss as a predictor of type 2 diabetes occurrence in a general population
Authors: Sares-Jäske Laura , Knekt Paul , Eranti Antti , Männistö Satu , Lindfors Olavi , Heliövaara Markku 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObesity is a major risk factor of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Accordingly, weight loss is being used to reduce this risk. Intervention studies have shown a T2D risk reduction due to weight loss in populations with an elevated risk. Data on the prediction of intentional weight loss (IWL) on diabetes occurrence at population level is, however, sparse. Since in observational studies IWL has been shown to predict later weight gain, possibly leading to adverse consequences, this study examined the prediction of IWL on T2D occurrence in a general population. Data from the representative Finnish Health 2000 Survey conducted in 2000–2001 was used. The study sample consisted of 1962 men and 2308 women, aged 30–69. Information on IWL during the previous year was collected with a questionnaire. Data for the covariates was collected with a health examination, interviews and questionnaires. Incident T2D cases during a 15-year follow-up were drawn from national health registers covering information on medication use, hospitalization, and cause of death. The Cox model was used to estimate strength of association between IWL and T2D occurrence. During the follow-up, 417 individuals developed a T2D. After adjusting for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors and the components of metabolic syndrome, IWL predicted an increased risk of T2D occurrence (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.11–1.87) compared to individuals without IWL. Moreover, in interaction analyses, the risk in individuals with IWL compared to those without IWL was pronounced in younger age group and in those with the lowest quality diet. Furthermore, an elevated risk was consistently found in persons with IWL and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), also in combination with different aspects of poor health (i.e. mental health, self-perceived health, metabolic health). In the present cohort, IWL predicted an increased subsequent risk of developing T2D. This may be due to that in long-term at population level IWL causes an elevated risk of T2D e.g. by acting as a promotor for weight gain or by causing weight cycling resulting in unfavorable changes in metabolic health indicators. Alternatively, it cannot be excluded, that individuals reporting IWL already are at a greater risk of T2D and pursue IWL in response to that. Greater emphasis should be put on the initial prevention of weight gain and on the support on the weight maintenance after weight loss. Further cohort studies with repeated measurements on dieting behavior and changes in weight are needed.
Evaluating individual differences in a food based approach to increase egg and protein intake in older adults.
Authors: Heuvel Emmy van den , Murphy Jane L. , Appleton Katherine M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA randomized controlled intervention study was undertaken to increase egg and protein intake in community-dwelling adults over 55 years old. During a 12 week intervention, recipes for protein-rich egg-based meals and single-use herbs/spice packets were provided to 53 individuals in the intervention group to promote the addition of flavour and variety to the diet. Egg intakes increased by 20%, and this increase was sustained up to 12 weeks after the end of the intervention. Exploratory analyses however revealed some individual differences within the intervention group, where some participants increased their egg intake and others did not.We compared the participants who increased their egg intake to those who did not on several demographic characteristics and baseline outcomes, and explored the qualitative feedback related to recipe use collected after the intervention.Results show that the participants who increased their egg intake during the intervention (n = 27) had a significantly higher BMI (U = 402, p = .035), a lower health-related quality of life (U = 198, p = .047), and take external reports and recommendations about eggs and health from media and health professionals more seriously (U = 399, p = .038) than those who did not increase egg intake. Those who increased their egg intake during the 12 week follow up period (n = 19) reported a lower availability of eggs during their upbringing (U = 371, p = .041), with no other differences between the groups.Feedback from the whole group showed that reasons for choosing to use or not use the recipes were based on preferences, culinary skills, time/effort to prepare the meal, having ingredients already in the cupboard, the importance of variety, habits and familiarity, and the portion sizes, which were generally considered too large. The recipes used most often included ingredients that are more traditionally combined with eggs in the English diet (e.g. cheese/ham), while the recipes used least often were more unfamiliar (e.g. Turkish eggs with yoghurt).Our study used recipes that specifically focus on eggs, but our findings suggest that recipe based interventions in this age group may be particularly beneficial for those with a higher BMI, those who may feel their health could be improved, those who are more likely to respect external advice, and those who have less early experience with the included foods. Greater future benefit may also be obtained from recipes that are for smaller dishes, using familiar ingredients, and that cater to a range of culinary skills and preferences.
Review of the Nutrition Guidance Irish Healthcare and Charitable Organisations and Cancer Centres provide for Cancer Patients and Cancer Survivors.
Authors: Keaver Laura , Walsh Leah , Callaghan Helen , Houlihan Christine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground: A cancer diagnosis presents a potential teachable moment however, evidence-based information, guidance and support all need to be available in order to capitalise on this. Health care professionals report providing little advice in this area. Previous work has shown that cancer survivors tend to prefer statutory and recognised charitable centres and groups. It is therefore important to determine what nutrition information is available on these websites as otherwise this group may turn to less reliable sources of informationObjective: To determine the availability, quality and readability of nutrition information for cancer patients and survivors from Irish healthcare organisations, cancer charity and support groupsMethods: Organisations were located using three search strategies: 1) We first sought to identify any nutrition information for cancer patients or survivors provided by the Irish Health Service Executive (HSE), 2) To identify suitable organisations the word “cancer” was searched for in the search engine of the Benefacts (official register of charitable organisations) website. The ten largest organisations were included and 3) an additional internet search was conducted using the terms ‘cancer charities Ireland’ and ‘cancer support groups Ireland’. The first two pages of results were assessed. The quality of the nutrition information was determined using the adapted IPDAS tool. Readability testing was carried out on the websites where nutrition information was available usingResults: A total of 32 websites were assessed. Of these only five provided any form of nutrition guidance for cancer patients with three of these five also providing some guidance for cancer survivors. The guidance provided centred on guidelines and lacked practical strategies for their implementation. The quality of the information provided ranged from 19.5–29 out of a maximum of 40. The readability level required to understand the information ranged from 11–17 years of age.Conclusion: There is a need for nutritional guidance to be provided by national health and cancer related organisations and for this information to be specific to the cohort e.g. patient vs survivor. There is also a need for practical strategies to make the translation of guidelines into practice easy for patients and survivors.
Brain macroautophagy on the ketogenic diet
Authors: Liśkiewicz Daniela , Liskiewicz Arkadiusz , Nowacka-Chmielewska Marta , Student Sebastian , Anna Sługocka , Konstancja Jabłonska , Przybyła Marta , Jerzy Barski Jarosław , Małecki Andrzej 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ketogenic diet has been shown to be very effective in managing drug-resistant epilepsy, treatment of obesity, improving symptoms of diabetes and reducing cardiovascular risk. Growing evidence supports the use of the ketogenic diet as an alternative or additional therapy in many types of cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, acne, and neurological diseases. The rationale for the use of the ketogenic diet in brain diseases is based on its neuroprotective properties. But mechanisms responsible for these effects are only partially explained. It is possible that stimulation of macroautophagy (hereafter termed autophagy) may be one of the mediators of the neuroprotection afforded by the ketogenic diet. Autophagy is a key mechanism for maintaining cell homeostasis and therefore its proper function is necessary for preventing accelerated brain aging and neurodegeneration. Autophagy has become a subject of intensive research as a promising target for neuroprotective strategies, which are urgently needed in our aging population, in which the burden of age-related diseases is constantly increasing. The ketogenic diet may induce autophagy in brain cells through at least a couple of mechanisms: downregulation of mTORC1, activation of AMP-activated kinase, elevation of free fatty acids, activation of Sirtuin 1 and an increase of HIF1α expression. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that the ketogenic diet affects the level of autophagy in the mouse brain. Thirty 9-weeks-old male mice were divided into three groups and fed with one of two differently composed ketogenic chows (KA, KB) or with standard rodent chow (SD) for 4 subsequent weeks. Western blotting (LC3, p62) and confocal microscopy (LC3 puncta) were employed to monitor autophagy in hippocampal and cerebrocortical samples. The Western blot results revealed an increased level of LC3 II protein - a marker of autophagosomes, in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice treated with ketogenic diet. The size of this effect was dependent on the composition of the diet. This observation was confirmed by the evaluation of the number of LC3 puncta with immunofluorescence microscopy. This study reports for the first time the upregulation of autophagosome synthesis in the brain of animals fed with the ketogenic diet. Our results make a significant contribution to the understanding of the mechanisms of ketogenic diet action. This research is supported by the National Science Center grant no 2017/01/X/NZ3/00984.
Orange juice combined to a healthy-eating pattern improved endothelial function and reduced global risk of CHD in metabolic syndrome patients
Authors: Cesar Thais , Benassi Renata , Ponce Olivia , Nasser Michel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCurrent evidence has shown that orange juice flavonoids have antihypertensive, lipid lowering, insulin sensitizing, antioxidant and antinflammatory properties, which are correlated with antiatherogenic activity. The objective of this study was to verify whether regular administration of 100% pure orange juice (OJ), as a source of antioxidant and bioactive compounds, associated with a healthy dietary pattern improves endothelial and vascular function and reduces Global Risk of Coronary Heart Disease (Global Risk of CHD). Obese volunteers (n = 68) with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to the control (n = 34) or OJ (n = 34) groups, and all of them were counseled and followed up to maintain a healthy-eating pattern for 12 weeks. In addition, OJ group participants drank 500 ml of 100% orange juice daily in two servings of 250 mL each between meals. After the intervention, a significant reduction of 2% in anthropometric measurements (body weight and fat) was observed in both groups, with no change in lean mass. In the OJ group, a significant reduction of total cholesterol (-9.4%) was detected, whereas the controls reduced only HDL-C (-9%). In both groups there was a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (-8% and -9%, respectively) and an increase in antioxidant capacity (1%). Only the OJ group reduced vascular markers ICAM (-14%) and VCAM (-15%) and inflammatory markers TNF-alpha (-20%) and hsPCR (-22%) (p < 0.05). Both groups reduced IL-6 (-45%), improved brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (BA-FMD), and reduced carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) by 10% (p < 0.05). Daily consumption of orange juice, along with a healthy-eating pattern, was able to reduce cardiovascular risk factors related to systemic inflammation and endothelial function in individuals with metabolic syndrome. A significant reduction in the prevalence of the high-risk of CHD was observed in 47% of subjects who consumed a healthy diet, while 70% of patients who had a healthy eating pattern along with orange juice reverted to low CHD risk, showing the additional benefit of regular intake of 100% orange juice. This was probably due to the action of antioxidant compounds present in high concentrations in orange juice, such as vitamin C and citrus flavonoids