bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of 2‐chloroethylphosphonic acid and its intermediate vinylphosphonic acid from artificially ripened sapota fruit by modified dispersive solid‐phase extraction cleanup and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Vemula Madhu , Sreedashyam Haripriya , Shaikh Asif Sadiq , Upadhyayula Vijayasarathi 
Published: July 2020

RationaleFruit is generally ripened after harvesting using artificial ripeners such as ethylene, calcium carbide, and ethephon (2‐chloroethylphosphonic acid), which can release some residues into the fruits. These residues must be within the maximum levels described in various international standards. The presence of the residues of artificial ripeners must be verified using sensitive and selective detection methods.MethodsThe residues of ethephon and vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) were extracted from the pulp of sapota fruit using acetone, and the extract was treated with MgSO4 to remove residual water. The extract was subjected to dispersive solid‐phase extraction cleanup using DSC‐6S sorbent and graphitized carbon black mix, and the cleaned sample was evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in ether containing diazomethane. The analytes were quantitatively identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.ResultsThe developed method was observed to be linear in the concentration range of 1–5000 ng/g, and the limits of detection and quantification of the method were 1 and 2 ng/g, respectively, for both ethephon and VPA residues. The inter‐day and intra‐day precision was below 15%. The developed method was used for the quantification of ethephon residues from sapota fruit ripened with 100, 200, 500, 1000, 5000, and 10 000 mg/L solutions of ethephon, and ethephon residues were detected in the pulp samples up to a concentration of 5 ng/g. VPA residues were not detected in the fruit pulp; however, the washing solution of fruit ripened with a 10 000 mg/L ethephon solution showed VPA residues.ConclusionsThe validated method exhibited high sensitivity for the analytes with a limit of quantification of 2 ng/g, which is lower than the described maximum residue level of 0–5 μg/g. The ethephon residues were below the maximum residue limits in the pulp of sapota fruit ripened with ethephon solutions up to 10 000 mg/L concentration.
Evaluating a fishway reconstruction amidst fluctuating abundances
Authors: Holter Tobias H. , Myrvold Knut M. , Pulg Ulrich , Museth Jon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFishways have traditionally been designed according to the capabilities of salmonids, but other species may be unable to navigate such structures. To improve passage for the entire local fish fauna in a cost‐effective manner, pool‐and‐weir fishways can be reconstructed to a hybrid vertical slot design. Here, we contrast a typical short‐term before‐after monitoring approach with a long term data series to assess whether we could document an effect of the reconstruction on the numbers and composition of species ascending the Høyegga fishway in the Glomma River, Norway. We found a significant difference in the species composition ascending the fishway before (2014–2015) and after (2016–2017) reconstruction. Species diversity increased and the combined number of fish ascending the fishway approximately doubled, largely driven by greater numbers of European grayling and European whitefish. However, the variance of the total number of fish and their relative composition found in the long‐term monitoring data (1985–2013) exceeded the range of values found in the apparent short‐term change. We could therefore not reliably attribute the changes to the reconstruction, as they could perceivably result from other, unexplained factors. Although diversity increased, we did find evidence that the fishway remained species‐selective after reconstruction. We conclude that although there have been improvements to passage in the fishway, the potential fish migration has not been restored.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated introduction of the sodium/iodide symporter gene enables noninvasive in vivo tracking of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ostrominski John W. , Yada Ravi Chandra , Sato Noriko , Klein Michael , Blinova Ksenia , Patel Dakshesh , Valadez Racquel , Palisoc Maryknoll , Pittaluga Stefania , Peng Kah-Whye , San Hong , Lin Yongshun , Basuli Falguni , Zhang Xiang , Swenson Rolf E. , Haigney Mark , Choyke Peter L. , Zou Jizhong , Boehm Manfred , Hong So Gun , Dunbar Cynthia E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Techniques that enable longitudinal tracking of cell fate after myocardial delivery are imperative for optimizing the efficacy of cell-based cardiac therapies. However, these approaches have been underutilized in preclinical models and clinical trials, and there is considerable demand for site-specific strategies achieving long-term expression of reporter genes compatible with safe noninvasive imaging. In this study, the rhesus sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) gene was incorporated into rhesus macaque induced pluripotent stem cells (RhiPSCs) via CRISPR/Cas9. Cardiomyocytes derived from NIS-RhiPSCs (NIS-RhiPSC-CMs) exhibited overall similar morphological and electrophysiological characteristics compared to parental control RhiPSC-CMs at baseline and with exposure to physiological levels of sodium iodide. Mice were injected intramyocardially with 2 million NIS-RhiPSC-CMs immediately following myocardial infarction, and serial positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed with 18F-tetrafluoroborate to monitor transplanted cells in vivo. NIS-RhiPSC-CMs could be detected until study conclusion at 8 to 10 weeks postinjection. This NIS-based molecular imaging platform, with optimal safety and sensitivity characteristics, is primed for translation into large-animal preclinical models and clinical trials.
Nahm sums, quiver A-polynomials and topological recursion
Authors: Larraguível Hélder , Noshchenko Dmitry , Panfil Miłosz , Sułkowski Piotr 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider a large class ofq-series that have the structure of Nahm sums, or equivalently motivic generating series for quivers. First, we initiate a systematic analysis and classification of classical and quantum A-polynomials associated to suchq-series. These quantum quiver A-polynomials encode recursion relations satisfied by the above series, while classical A-polynomials encode asymptotic expansion of those series. Second, we postulate that those series, as well as their quantum quiver A-polynomials, can be reconstructed by means of the topological recursion. There is a large class of interesting quiver A-polynomials of genus zero, and for a number of them we confirm the above conjecture by explicit calculations. In view of recently found dualities, for an appropriate choice of quivers, these results have a direct interpretation in topological string theory, knot theory, counting of lattice paths, and related topics. In particular it follows, that various quantities characterizing those systems, such as motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants, various knot invariants, etc., have the structure compatible with the topological recursion and can be reconstructed by its means.
Zero modes of local operators in 2d CFT on a cylinder
Authors: Dymarsky Anatoly , Pavlenko Kirill , Solovyev Dmitry 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Studies of Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) in two-dimensional CFTs call for calculation of the expectation values of local operators in highly excited energy eigenstates. This can be done efficiently by representing zero modes of these operators in terms of the Virasoro algebra generators. In this paper we present a pedagogical introduction explaining how this calculation can be performed analytically or using computer algebra. We illustrate the computation of zero modes by a number of examples and list explicit expressions for all local operators from the vacuum family with the dimension of less or equal than eight. Finally, we derive an explicit expression for the quantum KdV generator Q7 in terms of the Virasoro algebra generators. The obtained results can be used for quantitative studies of ETH at finite value of central charge.
Improved recovery of temporal variations of the Earth’s gravity field from satellite kinematic orbits using an epoch-difference scheme
Authors: Guo Xiang , Ditmar Pavel , Zhao Qile , Xiao Yun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo monitor temporal variations of the Earth’s gravity field and mass transport in the Earth’s system, data from gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) satellite mission and its successor GRACE Follow-On (GFO) are used. To fill in the temporal gap between these missions, other satellites’ kinematic orbits derived from GPS-based high-low satellite-to-satellite tracking data may be considered. However, it is well known that kinematic orbits are highly sensitive to various systematic errors. These errors are responsible for a non-stationary noise in the kinematic orbits, which is difficult to handle. As a result, the quality of the obtained gravity field solutions is reduced. In this research, we propose to apply an epoch-difference (ED) scheme in the context of the classical dynamic approach to gravity field recovery. Compared to the traditional undifferenced (UD) scheme, the ED scheme is able to mitigate constant or slowly varying systematic errors. To demonstrate the added value of the ED scheme, three sets of monthly gravity field solutions produced from 6 years of GRACE kinematic orbits are compared: two sets produced in-house (with the ED and UD scheme), and a set produced with the undifferenced scheme in the frame of the short-arc approach (Zehentner and Mayer-Gürr in J Geodesy 90(3):275–286, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-015-0872-7). As a reference, we use state-of-the-art ITSG-Grace2018 monthly gravity field solutions. A comparison in the spectral domain shows that the gravity field solutions suffer from a lower noise level when the ED scheme is applied, particularly at low-degree terms, with cumulative errors up to degree 20 being reduced by at least 20%. In the spatial domain, the ED scheme notably reduces noise levels in the mass anomalies recovered. In addition, the signals in terms of mean mass anomalies in selected regions become closer to those inferred from ITSG-Grace2018 solutions, while showing no evidence of any damping, when the ED scheme is used. We conclude that the proposed ED scheme is preferable for time-varying gravity field modeling, as compared to the traditional UD scheme. Our findings may facilitate, among others, bridging the gap between GRACE and GFO satellite mission.
Modulatory effects of ayahuasca on personality structure in a traditional framework
Authors: Netzband Nige , Ruffell Simon , Linton S. , Tsang W. F. , Wolff T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAbstractAyahuasca is a psychoactive plant brew containing dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). It originates from the Amazon basin, where it is used primarily for ceremonial purposes. Ayahuasca tourists are now entering certain communities seeking alternative physical or psychological healing, as well as spiritual growth.RationaleRecent evidence has shown that the similar acting psychedelic compound, psilocybin, facilitated long-term increases in trait openness following a single administration.ObjectivesThis paper assesses the impact of ayahuasca on personality in a traditional framework catering for ayahuasca tourists.MethodWithin a mixed design, we examined the effect of ayahuasca on participants’ personality (measured by the NEO Personality Inventory 3 questionnaire) across time (pre- to post-ayahuasca administration, and 6-month follow-up), relative to a comparison group (who did not ingest ayahuasca).ResultsThe results demonstrated significant increases in agreeableness pre- and post-ayahuasca administration and significant reductions in neuroticism in 24 participants, relative to the comparison group. Both of these changes were sustained at 6-month follow-up, and trait level increases were also observed in openness at this stage. Additionally, greater perceived mystical experience (measured using the Mystical Experience Questionnaire 30) was associated with increased reductions in neuroticism.ConclusionsThese findings, which indicate a positive mediating effect of ayahuasca on personality, support the growing literature suggesting potential therapeutic avenues for serotonergic psychedelics.
The “Balgrist Score” for evaluation of Charcot foot: a predictive value for duration of off-loading treatment
Authors: Berli Martin C. , Higashigaito Kai , Götschi Tobias , Pfirrmann Christian W. A. , Sutter Reto , Rosskopf Andrea B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
To develop a new magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) scoring system for evaluation of active Charcot foot and to correlate the score with a duration of off-loading treatment ≥ 90 days.

Methods
An outpatient clinic database was searched retrospectively for MRIs of patients with active Charcot foot who completed off-loading treatment. Images were assessed by two radiologists (readers 1 and 2) and an orthopedic surgeon (reader 3). Sanders/Frykberg regions I–V were evaluated for soft tissue edema, bone marrow edema, erosions, subchondral cysts, joint destruction, fractures, and overall regional manifestation using a score according to degree of severity (0–3 points). Intraclass correlations (ICC) for interreader agreement and receiver operating characteristic analysis between MR findings and duration of off-loading-treatment were calculated.

Results
Sixty-five feet in 56 patients (34 men) with a mean age of 62.4 years (range: 44.5–85.5) were included. Region III (reader 1/reader 2: 93.6/90.8%) and region II (92.3/90.8%) were most affected. The most common findings in all regions were soft tissue edema and bone marrow edema. Mean time between MRI and cessation of off-loading-treatment was 150 days (range: 21–405). The Balgrist Score was defined in regions II and III using soft tissue edema, bone marrow edema, joint destruction, and fracture. Interreader agreement for Balgrist Score was excellent: readers 1/2: ICC 0.968 (95% CI: 0.948, 0.980); readers 1/2/3: ICC 0.856 (0.742, 0.917). A cutoff of ≥ 9.0 points in Balgrist Score (specificity 72%, sensitivity 66%) indicated a duration of off-loading treatment ≥ 90 days.

Conclusion
The Balgrist Score is a new MR scoring system for assessment of active Charcot foot with excellent interreader agreement. The Balgrist Score can help to identify patients with off-loading treatment ≥ 90 days.
Anatomical basis of a safe mini-invasive technique for lengthening of the anterior gastrocnemius aponeurosis
Authors: Moroni Simone , Fernández-Gibello Alejandro , Nieves Gabriel Camunas , Montes Ruben , Zwierzina Marit , Vazquez Teresa , Garcia-Escudero Maria , Duparc Fabrice , Moriggl Bernhard , Konschake Marko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The surgical procedure itself of lengthening the gastrocnemius muscle aponeurosis is performed to treat multiple musculoskeletal, neurological and metabolical pathologies related to a gastro-soleus unit contracture such as plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinopathy, metatarsalgia, cerebral palsy, or diabetic foot ulcerations. Therefore, the aim of our research was to prove the effectiveness and safety of a new ultrasound-guided surgery-technique for the lengthening of the anterior gastrocnemius muscle aponeurosis, the “GIAR”- technique: the gastrocnemius-intramuscular aponeurosis release.

Methods and results
An ultrasound-guided surgical GIAR on ten fresh-frozen specimens (10 donors, 8 male, 2 females, 5 left and 5 right) was performed. Exclusion criteria of the donated bodies to science were BMI above 35 (impaired ultrasound echogenicity), signs of traumas in the ankle and crural region, a history of ankle or foot ischemic vascular disorder, surgery or space-occupying mass lesions. The surgical procedures were performed by two podiatric surgeons with more than 6 years of experience in ultrasound-guided procedures. The anterior gastrocnemius muscle aponeurosis was entirely transected in 10 over 10 specimens, with a mean portal length of 2 mm (± 1 mm). The mean gain at the ankle joint ROM after the GIAR was 7.9° (± 1.1°). No damages of important anatomical structures could be found.

Conclusion
Results of this study indicate that our novel ultrasound-guided surgery for the lengthening of the anterior gastrocnemius muscle aponeurosis (GIAR) might be an effective and safe procedure.
Risk adapted diagnostics and hospitalization following mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Leitner Lukas , El-Shabrawi Jasmin Helena , Bratschitsch Gerhard , Eibinger Nicolas , Klim Sebastian , Leithner Andreas , Puchwein Paul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of hospital admission and mortality, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) presents a severe complication. Low complication tolerance in developed countries and risk uncertainty, often cause excessive observation, diagnostics and hospitalization, considered unnecessary and expensive. Risk factors predicting ICH, progression and death in patients hospitalized with mild TBI have not been identified yet.

Methods
Mild TBI cases indicated for cranial computer tomography (CT) and hospitalization, according to international guidelines, at our Level I Trauma Center between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively included. Multivariate logistic regression was performed for ICH, progression and mortality predictors.

Results
1788 mild TBI adults (female: 44.3%; age at trauma: 58.0 ± 22.7), were included. Skull fracture was diagnosed in 13.8%, ICH in 46.9%, ICH progression in 10.6%. In patients < 35 years with mild TBI, chronic alcohol consumption (p = 0.004) and skull fracture (p < 0.001) were significant ICH risk factors, whilst in patients between 35 and 65 years, chronic alcohol consumption (p < 0.001) and skull fracture (p < 0.001) revealed as significant ICH predictors. In patients with mild TBI > 65 years, age (p = 0.009), anticoagulation (p = 0.007) and neurocranial fracture (p < 0.001) were significant, independent risk factors for ICH, whilst increased age (p = 0.01) was a risk factor for mortality following ICH in mild TBI. Late-onset ICH only occurred in mild TBI cases with at least two of these risk factors: age > 65, anticoagulation, neurocranial fracture. Overall hospitalization could have been reduced by 15.8% via newly identified low-risk cases.

Conclusions
Age, skull fracture and chronic alcohol abuse require vigilant observation. Repeated CT in initially ICH negative cases should only be considered in newly identified high-risk patients. Non-ICH cases aged < 65 years do not gain safety from observation or hospitalization. Recommendations from our data might, without impact on patient safety, reduce costs by unnecessary hospitalization and diagnostics.
Simultaneous ipsilateral nephrectomy during kidney transplantation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a matched pair analysis of 193 consecutive cases
Authors: Jänigen Bernd Martin , Hempel Johann , Holzner Philipp , Schneider Johanna , Fichtner-Feigl Stefan , Thomusch Oliver , Neeff Hannes , Pisarski Przemyslaw , Glatz Torben 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
In end-stage renal transplant recipients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the imperative, optimal timing, and technique of native nephrectomy remains under discussion. The Freiburg Transplant Center routinely performs a simultaneous ipsilateral nephrectomy.

Methods
From April 1998 to May 2017, we retrospectively analyzed 193 consecutive ADPKD recipients, receiving per protocol simultaneous ipsilateral nephrectomy and compared morbidity, mortality, and outcome with 193 non-ADPKD recipients of a matched pair control.

Results
The incidence of surgical complications was similar with respect to severe medical, surgical, urological, vascular, and wound-related complications as well as reoperation rates and 30-day mortality. Intraoperative blood transfusions were required more often in the ADPKD (22.8%) compared with the control group (6.7%; p < 0.0001). Early postoperative urinary tract infections occurred more frequent (ADPKD 40.4%/control 29.0%; p = 0.0246). Time of surgery was prolonged by 30 min (ADPKD 169 min; 95%CI 159.8–175.6 min/control 139 min; 95%CI 131.4–145.0 min; p < 0.0001). One-year patient (ADPKD 96.4%/control 95.8%; p = 0.6537) and death-censored graft survival (ADPKD 94.8%/control 93.7%; p = 0.5479) were comparable between both groups.

Conclusions
With respect to morbidity and mortality, per protocol, simultaneous native nephrectomy is a safe procedure. Especially in asymptomatic ADPKD KTx recipients, the number of total operations can be reduced and residual diuresis preserved up until transplantation. In living donation, even preemptive transplantation is possible.
Z-score values of left ventricular dimensions in adolescent elite male soccer players
Authors: Gerling Stephan , Pollinger Tobias , Michel Holger , Dechant Markus-Johann , Melter Michael , Krutsch Werner 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent studies showed contrasting findings in morphological changes due to competitive soccer in adolescent players (SP). We present a prospective study in 315 consecutive adolescent (10–14 years) male elite SP and 53 healthy matched active controls (CON). All participants underwent a complete transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography (TTE). The mean age in SP was 12.8 ± 0.65 years compared to 12.6 ± 0.8 years in CON. For all left ventricular (LV) dimensions, mean Z-score values were higher in SP. There was a significant Z-score increase in interventricular septum diastolic diameter (2.47z vs. 1.62z, p < 0.05), left ventricular posterior wall diastolic and systolic diameter (1.15z vs. 0.47z, p < 0.05 and 1.05z vs. − 0.4z, p < 0.05). Athletes had significant greater LV mass indexed for BSA (94 ± 12 g/m2 vs. 81 ± 13 g/m2, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in LV function or diameters. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that elite soccer training in adolescent male is a type of sport predominantly related to cardiac resistance remodeling. Adolescent SP may develop supernormal left ventricular wall dimensions (+ 2.0 to + 2.5z). If in SP Z-scores, any LV dimension above + 2.5 is measured, primary or secondary cardiomyopathies should be excluded.

What is Known:• Morphological cardiac adaptation in response to exercise depends on the type, duration, and intensity of training.• Morphological and functional changes due to competitive sports (athlete’s heart) occur even in pre-adolescent athletes.

What is New:• Our findings point out that German elite soccer training in adolescent male (10–14 years of age) is a type of sport predominantly related to cardiac resistance remodeling.• If in an adolescent competitive soccer player any LV dimension Z-score value above + 2.5 is measured, a primary or secondary cardiomyopathy should be excluded.