bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotopic Abundances in Presolar SiC Grains accounted by s-Processing from MHD-induced Mixing in low mass AGB stars
Authors: Palmerini S. , Busso M. , Vescovi D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the past, the observational evidence that s-process elements from Sr to Pb are produced by stars ascending the so-called Asymptotic Giant Branch (or AGB) could not be explained by self-consistent models, forcing researchers to extensive parameterisations. The crucial point is to understand how protons can be injected from the envelope into the He-rich layers, yielding to the formation of 13C and then the activation of the 13C(α,n)16O reaction. In the last decade, some physically-based mixing mechanisms have been considered to solve this problem. Nowadays, a big step forward in s-process studies would be to understand what is among the suggested ones the physical model better accounts for the observational constrains. In this paper we analyse a model where the 13C forms as a feedback of MHD processes in the stellar plasma. We compare results of nucleosynthesis models for low mass AGB stars (M<3M©), developed from the MHD scenario, with the record of isotopic abundance ratios of s-elements in presolar SiC grains, which were shown to offer precise constraints on the 13C reservoir. We find that n-captures driven by magnetically-induced mixing can well account for the SiC data and that this is due to the fact that our 13C distribution fullfills the above constraints rather accurately. We show comparisons between model predictions and measurements for isotopes of Sr, Zr, Ba, Mo and Ru as representative examples of light and heavy s-elements.
Study of the 7Be(α,γ)11C reaction with DRAGON for vp–process nucleosynthesis
Authors: Psaltis Athanasios , Chen A. A. , Kroll L. , Liang J. , Connolly D. S. , Davids B. , Hutcheon D. A. , Lennarz A. , Ruiz C. , Williams M. , Greife U. , Karpesky J. , Lovely M. , Brune C. , Paneru S. N. , Giri R. , Luo M. , Tenkila G. , Fallis J. , Marshall C. , Shotter A. C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The production of the p–nuclei is one of the unsolved puzzles in nuclear astrophysics. A possible mechanism is the nucleosynthesis in the neutrino–driven winds of core–collapse supernovae (νp–process), but it carries uncertainties, mostly in the supernova dynamics and the nuclear physics input. The pp-chain breakout reaction 7Be(α,γ)11C, which occurs prior to the supernova explosion, was identified as an important link which can influence the nuclear flow of the z/p-process and the final abundances of the p-nuclei. Nevertheless, its reaction rate is poorly known over the relevant energy range (T=1.5-3 GK). To improve the 7Be(α,γ)11C rate for vp-process nucleosynthesis temperatures, the first measurement of the strengths of two important resonances with unknown strength was recently performed at TRIUMF. A radioactive 7Be beam (t1/2 = 53.24 d) beam and the DRAGON recoil separator were used. The experimental details and preliminary results for the resonance strengths will be discussed.
First results from HECTOR: High EffiCiency TOtal absorption spectrometeR for γ-process nucleosynthesis studies
Authors: Simon A , Kelmar R , Millican P , Olivas-Gomez O , Reingold C S , Anderson T , Churchman E , Clark A M , Cooper N , Dombos A C , Frentz B , Henderson S L , Kelly S , Robertson D , Skulski M , Stech E , Strauss S Y , Tan W P , Vande Kolk B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The nucleosynthesis path of the γ-process is predominantly governed by the branching points at which the flow of the initial (γ,n) is redirected by either (γ,p) or (γ,α) reactions. In this work, the inverse reactions, proton and α capture on 108Cd were studied in order to aid in verification of the 112Sn isotope as a potential branching point in the γ-process. The results of the first measurement with a γ-summing detector, HECTOR, are compared with previous measurements found in the literature and with NON-SMOKER predictions. The results of this work will provide input for Hauser-Feshbach calculations to obtain the γ induced reaction rates.
r-Process Sites, their Ejecta Composition, and their Imprint in Galactic Chemical Evolution
Authors: Thielemann Friedrich-Karl , Wehmeyer Benjamin , Wu Meng-Ru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFrom low metallicity stars and the presence of radioactive isotopes in deep-sea sediments we know that the main r-process, producing the heaviest elements, is a rare event. The question remains whether neutron star mergers, via GW170817 the only observed r-process site, are the only contributors or also (a rare class of) supernovae, hypernovae/collapsars, as well as neutron star - black hole mergers qualify as candidates. Early galactic evolution as well as variations in nucleosynthesis signatures, e.g. actinide boost stars, might indicate the need for such other sites. We discuss and present the possible options (a) with respect to possible differences in ejecta amount and composition, and (b) in terms of their timing (onset and frequency) during galactic evolution.
Indirect methods constraining nuclear capture - the Trojan Horse Method
Authors: Tumino A. , Spitaleri C. , La Cognata M. , Cherubini S. , Guardo G.L. , Gulino M. , Indelicato I. , Lamia L. , Oliva A. , Pizzone R. G. , Prajapati P. , Rapisarda G.G. , Romano S. , Sergi M.L. , Spartà R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Reaction rates of nuclear processes of astrophysical relevance can be inferred using the Trojan Horse Method. This indirect technique is a valid alternative to direct measurements in particular when extremely low cross sections are involved. We will review its basic features in the framework of the theory of direct reactions and address the physics case of the 12C+12C fusion.
Alpha-Spectroscopy to Determine 144Sm(α,γ) Activation Product
Authors: Wilsenach H. , Scholz P. , Zilges A. , Zuber K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to describe the method used to determine the amount of 148Gd produced in the (α,γ) activation of enriched 144Sm samples. Advanced simulations are fitted to data to help constrain systematic uncertainties. The simulations are complimented with RBS measurements of the samples.
Novel application of autologous micrografts in a collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Panayi Adriana C , Haug Valentin , Liu Qinxin , Wu Mengfan , Karvar Mehran , Aoki Shimpo , Ma Chenhao , Hamaguchi Ryoko , Endo Yori , Orgill Dennis P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Therapeutic strategies that successfully combine two techniques—autologous micrografting and biodegradable scaffolds—offer great potential for improved wound repair and decreased scarring. In this study we evaluate the efficacy of a novel modification of a collagen-glycosaminoglycan (collagen-GAG) scaffold with autologous micrografts using a murine dorsal wound model. db/db mice underwent a full thickness 1.0 cm2 dorsal wound excision and were treated with a collagen-GAG scaffold (CGS group), a modified collagen-GAG scaffold (CGS + MG group) or simple occlusive dressing (Blank group). The modified scaffold was created by harvesting full thickness micrografts and transplanting these into the collagen-GAG membrane. Parameters of wound healing, including cellular proliferation, collagen deposition, keratinocyte migration, and angiogenesis were assessed. The group treated with the micrograft-modified scaffold healed at a faster rate, showed greater cellular proliferation, collagen deposition, and keratinocyte migration with higher density and greater maturity of microvessels. The grafts remained viable within the scaffold with no evidence of rejection. Keratinocytes were shown to migrate from the wound border and from the micrograft edges towards the center of the wound, while cellular proliferation was present both at the wound border and wound bed. We report successful treatment of diabetic wounds with a novel collagen-GAG scaffold modified with full-thickness automicrografts. Differences in cellular migration and proliferation offer maiden evidence on the mechanisms of wound healing. Clinically, the successful scaffold engraftment, micrograft viability and improved wound healing offer promising results for the development of a new therapeutic modality for wound repair.
Simplicity on the far side of complexity: optimizing nitrogen for wheat in increasingly variable rainfall environments
Authors: Hochman Z , Waldner F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The increasingly chaotic nature of rainfall in semi-arid climates challenges crop growers to balance nitrogen fertiliser inputs for both food security and environmental imperatives. Too little nitrogen restricts yields and runs down soil organic carbon, while too much nitrogen is economically wasteful and environmentally harmful. The degree to which crop-water and crop-nitrogen processes combine to drive yields of rainfed wheat crops is not well understood or quantified. Here we investigate two comprehensive Australia-wide data sets, one from commercial wheat growers’ fields and the other from systematic simulation of 50 sites by 15 years using a comprehensive mechanistic cropping system model. From these data, we derived a simple model combining water use with available nitrogen and their interaction. The model accounted for 73% of the variation in the simulated yield data and 46% of the variation in the growers’ yield data. We demonstrate how the simple model developed here can be deployed as a tool to aid growers’ in-crop nitrogen application decisions.
Cocoa plant productivity in West Africa under climate change: a modelling and experimental study
Authors: Black Emily , Pinnington Ewan , Wainwright Caroline , Lahive Fiona , Quaife Tristan , Allan Richard P , Cook Peter , Daymond Andrew , Hadley Paul , McGuire Patrick C , Verhoef Anne , Vidale Pier Luigi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe potential effect of climate change on regional suitability for cocoa cultivation is a serious economic concern for West Africa—especially for Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire, whose cocoa cultivation accounts for respectively ∼19% and ∼45% of world production. Here, we present a modelling and observational study of cocoa net primary productivity (NPP) in present day and future West African climates. Our analysis uses a data assimilation technique to parameterise a process-based land-surface model. The parameterisation is based on laboratory observations of cocoa, grown under both ambient and elevated CO2. Present day and end of 21st century cocoa cultivation scenarios are produced by driving the parameterised land-surface model with output from a high-resolution climate model. This represents a significant advance on previous work, because unlike the CMIP5 models, the high-resolution model used in this study accurately captures the observed precipitation seasonality in the cocoa-growing regions of West Africa—a key sensitivity for perennials like cocoa. We find that temperature is projected to increase significantly and precipitation is projected to increase slightly, although not in all parts of the region of interest. We find, furthermore, that the physiological effect of higher atmospheric CO2concentration ameliorates the impacts of high temperature and variation in precipitation thereby reducing some of the negative impacts of climate change and maintaining NPP in West Africa, for the whole 21st Century, even under a high emissions scenario. Although NPP is an indicator of general vegetation condition, it is not equivalent to yield or bean quality. The study presented here is, nevertheless, a strong basis for further field and modelling studies of cultivation under elevated CO2conditions.
Long-range multi-scalar models at three loops
Authors: Benedetti Dario , Gurau Razvan , Harribey Sabine , Suzuki Kenta 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We compute the three-loop beta functions of long-range multi-scalar models with general quartic interactions. The long-range nature of the models is encoded in a kinetic term with a Laplacian to the power 0 < ζ < 1, rendering the computation of Feynman diagrams much harder than in the usual short-range case (ζ = 1). As a consequence, previous results stopped at two loops, while seven-loop results are available for short-range models. We push the renormalization group analysis to three loops, in an ϵ = 4ζ − d expansion at fixed dimension d < 4, extensively using the Mellin–Barnes representation of Feynman amplitudes in the Schwinger parametrization. We then specialize the beta functions to various models with different symmetry groups: O(N),

(

Z

2

)

N

⋊

S

N

, and O(N) × O(M). For such models, we compute the fixed points and critical exponents.
Topologically nontrivial 1T’-MoTe2 as highly efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst
Authors: He Yuan , Boubeche Mebrouka , Zhou Yecheng , Yan Dong , Zeng Lingyong , Wang Xiaopeng , Yan Kai , Luo Huixia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Rational design and synthesis of low-cost noble-metal free electrode with high efficiency for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for the realization of eco-friendly hydrogen economy. Here, we report and design topologically nontrivial 1T’-MoTe2 single crystals as remarkable hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst. The catalytic 1T’-MoTe2 was controllably synthesized via solid-state reaction and then facilely exfoliated into nanosheets by isopropanol with the aid of sonication. The overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2( η
10) can reach 73 mV with a low Tafel slope of 46.3 mV dec−1, which are much lower than those reported by other preparation methods (η
10 > 300 mV, Tafel slope > 50 mV dec−1). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows fast kinetics of 1T’-MoTe2 single crystal with low contact resistance of 0.3 Ω. Additionally, 1T’-MoTe2 single crystal also exhibits large electrochemical active surface area of 47.0 cm2, high turnover frequency of 1.02 s−1 at 0.4 V and excellent durability over 10 h in 0.5 M H2SO4( aq). This work reports 1T’-MoTe2 single crystal as an excellent candidate for HER, which makes it possible to fabricate other robust Te-derived HER electrocatalysts.
Protein residues determining interaction specificity in paralogous families
Authors: Pitarch Borja , Ranea Juan A G , Pazos Florencio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Predicting the residues controlling a protein’s interaction specificity is important not only to better understand its interactions but also to design mutations aimed at fine-tuning or swapping them as well.

Results
In this work, we present a methodology that combines sequence information (in the form of multiple sequence alignments) with interactome information to detect that kind of residues in paralogous families of proteins. The interactome is used to define pairwise similarities of interaction contexts for the proteins in the alignment. The method looks for alignment positions with patterns of amino-acid changes reflecting the similarities/differences in the interaction neighborhoods of the corresponding proteins. We tested this new methodology in a large set of human paralogous families with structurally characterized interactions, and discuss in detail the results for the RasH family. We show that this approach is a better predictor of interfacial residues than both, sequence conservation and an equivalent ‘unsupervised’ method that does not use interactome information.

Availability and implementation
http://csbg.cnb.csic.es/pazos/Xdet/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
China’s Monetary and Macroprudential Policies: Are They Complementary or Substitutive?
Authors: Sinclair Peter , Sun Lixin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper develops a calibrated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model incorporating a banking sector and some unique features of China’s macroeconomic policies to simulate China’s monetary and macroprudential policies. The quantitative results show, first, that the interest rate is a better instrument for China’s monetary policy than the required reserve ratio (RRR) when the central bank is solely concerned about price stability; second, that the loan-to-value ratio is a very useful macroprudential tool for China’s financial stability, and the RRR could be used as an instrument for both objectives; third, monetary and macroprudential policies could be either complements or substitutes in China, depending on the choices of instruments for the two policies. Our policy experiments recommend three combination choices of instruments for China’s monetary and macroprudential policies. (JEL codes: E52, E61and G18)
Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Process-Related Impurities and Degradation Products in Fesoterodine Fumarate by Using a Mass Spectrometric Compatible Mobile Phase
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Sangeetha D , Kalyanraman L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The objective of the present work was to develop a sensitive, selective, accurate and precise stability-indicating HPLC method for quantification of degradation products and process-related impurities in fesoterodine fumarate extended-release tablets. The degradation profile was studied by conducting forced degradation studies and all the degradation products formed during degradation were separated. A chromatographic separation was achieved by using Waters Symmetry C18, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm column, maintained at 30°C. Mobile phase A (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in water) and mobile phase B (90% of 0.02% TFA in methanol and 10% of water) were used in gradient elution mode. A total of 75 μL of each solution was injected and peak responses were quantified at 220 nm. The method was found specific, precise, accurate, linear, rugged, robust and sensitive. During stability studies of fesoterodine fumarate extended-release tablets, one unknown impurity at relative retention time 1.37 was found increasing beyond the identification threshold. This impurity was isolated by using Preparative HPLC and structure was elucidated using mass and NMR spectroscopy. This method is a simple, inexpensive HPLC method that can be used as a routine quality control test for the estimation of impurities in fesoterodine fumarate extended-release tablets.
Effects of Temperature on Growth and Development of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Yang Lang , Huang Li-Fei , Wang Wei-Li , Chen En-Hai , Chen Hong-Song , Jiang Jian-Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the most serious and destructive pests of rice in Asia. Climate warming in tropical regions and extreme-high- or low-temperature events may become limiting factors affecting the survival and distribution of N. lugens. The effects of continuous high temperature (CHT), discontinuous high temperature (DHT), and abnormal low temperature in summer (ALT) on the growth and development of N. lugens were studied under lab conditions. High temperatures and ALT decreased the survival rate of nymphs (in fourth-instar nymphs, CHT, DHT, ALT, and control survival was 46.67% ± 1.67, 31.67% ± 1.67, 48.33% ± 4.41, and 60.00% ± 2.89, respectively, P &lt; 0.05). ALT also prolonged the development of N. lugens nymphs (in fourth-instar nymphs, ALT and control survival was 6.09 ± 0.193 d and 5.39 ± 0.082 d, respectively, P &lt; 0.05). In fifth-instar nymphs, CHT (2.36 ± 0.064 d, P &lt; 0.05) and DHT (2.34 ± 0.048 d, P &lt; 0.05) had little influence on nymphal development compared with the control (2.25 ± 0.012 d, P &lt; 0.05). The three temperature treatments (CHT, DHT, and ALT) decreased the number of eggs produced (61.33 ± 0.067, 62.67 ± 0.882, and 34.00 ± 0.577, respectively, P &lt; 0.05) compared with the control (68.00 ± 1.000, P &lt; 0.05). The female sex ratio decreased after nymphs were subjected to CHT (65.82% ± 0.771, P &lt; 0.05, in fifth-instar nymphs) and ALT (76.01% ± 1.362, P &lt; 0.05) compared with the control (81.63% ± 1.007, P &lt; 0.05). Adults in CHT (25.30 ± 0.182, P &lt; 0.05) and DHT (14.64 ± 0.238, P &lt; 0.05) consumed significantly more food than the control (11.54 ± 0.181, P &lt; 0.05), but adults in ALT (6.54 ± 0.196, P &lt; 0.05) fed significantly less than the control (11.54 ± 0.181, P &lt; 0.05). Hatching rates of eggs under the three temperature treatments (CHT, DHT, and ALT were 69.57% ± 0.215, 71.29% ± 0.529, and 43.13% ± 0.508, respectively, and were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) than the control (78.95% ± 1.000, P &lt; 0.05). These experiments revealed that extreme temperatures can influence the growth and development of N. lugens and may affect its distribution. As such, N. lugens remains a serious pest of rice.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care and management of patients with acute cardiovascular disease: a systematic review
Authors: Kiss Pauline , Carcel Cheryl , Hockham Carinna , Peters Sanne A E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare services around the world, which may have serious implications for the prognosis of patients with acute cardiovascular disease. We conducted a systematic review to assess the extent to which health services related to the care and management of acute cardiovascular events have been impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. PubMed, MedRxiv, and Google Scholar were searched for observational studies published up to 12 August 2020 for studies that assessed the impact of the pandemic on the care and management of people with acute cardiovascular disease (CVD). In total, 27 articles were included. Of these, 16 examined the impact on acute coronary syndromes (ACS), eight on strokes, one on ACS and strokes, and two on other types of CVD. When comparing the COVID-19 period to non-COVID-19 periods, 11 studies observed a decrease in ACS admissions ranging between 40% and 50% and 5 studies showed a decrease in stroke admissions of between 12% and 40%. Four studies showed a larger reduction in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions compared to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions. A decrease in the number of reperfusion procedures, a shortening in the lengths of stay at the hospital, and longer symptom-to-door times were also observed. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a substantial decrease in the rate of admissions for acute CVD, reductions in the number of procedures, shortened lengths of stay at the hospital, and longer delays between the onset of the symptoms and hospital treatment. The impact on patient’s prognosis needs to be quantified in future studies.