bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Economic Evaluation of a Community-Based Organization Led HIV Self-Testing&nbsp;Program Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China
Authors: Huang Shanzi , Ong Jason , Dai Wencan , He Xi , Zhou Yi , Li Xiaofeng , Huang Liqun , Tang Weiming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: HIV self-testing (HIVST) is effective in improving the uptake of HIV testing among key populations. Complementary data on the cost-effectiveness of HIVST is critical for planning and scaling up HIVST. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a community-based organization (CBO)-led HIVST model implemented in China. Method: A cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) was conducted by comparing a CBO-led HIVST model with a CBO-led facility-based HIV rapid diagnostics testing (HIV-RDT) model. The full economic cost, including fixed and variable cost, from a health provider perspective using a micro costing approach was estimated. We determined the cost-effectiveness of these two HIV testing models over a two year time horizon (i.e. duration of the programs), and reported costs using US dollars (2020). Results: From January 2017 to December 2018, a total of 4,633 men tested in the HIVST model, and 1,780 men tested in the HIV-RDT model. The total number of new diagnosis was 155 for HIVST and 126 for the HIV-RDT model; the HIV test positivity was 3.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.8-3.9) for the HIVST model and 7.1% (95% CI: 5.9-8.4) for the HIV-RDT model. The mean cost per person tested was $14.57 for HIVST and $24.74 for HIV-RDT. However, the mean cost per diagnosed was higher for HIVST ($435.52) compared with $349.44 for HIV-RDT.Conclusion: Our study confirms that compared to facility-based HIV-RDT, a community-based organization led HIVST program could have a cheaper mean cost per MSM tested for HIV in China. Better targeting of high-risk individuals would further improve the cost-effectiveness of HIVST.
Value of Radiotherapy in Primary Gastric Cancer and Establishment of a Prognostic Nomogram Model
Authors: Jiang Tongchao , Li Nan , Sun Haishuang , Jiang Tongcui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to compare the use of radiotherapy (RT) in gastric cancer (GC) patients from the SEER database and established a nomogram to assess cancer-specific survival (CSS).Methods: Patients from the SEER database between 2004 and 2013 were analyzed. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. Prognostic factors in multivariate Cox analysis were screened to construct a nomogram. The performance the nomogram was validated via concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, and decision curve analyses (DCAs). Results: 9653 GC patients were analyzed totally. In the entire cohort, patients who received pre/postoperative RT had better survival than those who did not receive RT (P = 0.043 and < 0.001, respectively). Similar results were observed in lymph node-positive patients. However, no significant survival benefit was seen in lymph node-negative patients between postoperative RT group and no RT group (P = 0.057), but patients who received postoperative RT and those who did not receive RT experienced better survival than those who received preoperative RT (P < 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Prognostic factors of GC analyzed by Cox regression model included age, race, tumor grade, tumor histology type, primary tumor site, T stage, lymph node metastasis ratio, RT status, and chemotherapy information independently (P < 0.001). The nomogram was established and showed excellent prediction performance, and its C-index of 0.725 were significantly higher than those of nomograms based AJCC system with C-index at 0.643. In addition, the calibration plots performed good consistency between the predicted and actual survival probabilities, and the DCAs indicated better clinical net benefits than the traditional AJCC system.Conclusions: RT can improve CSS in GC patients, especially those with positive lymph nodes. The construction and verification of a nomogram based on SEER database can effectively predict the survival outcomes of GC patients.
Molecular Characterisation of Leishmania Species from Stray Dogs and Patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazi Abdullah D , Alouffi Abdulazi S , Alyousif Mohamed S , Rahi Abdulsadah A , Ali Magda A , Abdullah Hend H.A.M. , Brayner Fabio A. , Mendoza-Roldan Jairo Alfonso , Otranto Domenico 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in several parts of the world, with a large number of cases recorded in the Middle East. However, when they occur in sympatry, the role of each species of Leishmania in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is not clear. Methods: To determine the frequency of occurrence and to identify the species of Leishmania that infect humans and stray dogs in Riyadh and Al-Qaseem (Saudi Arabia), 311 stray dogs and 27 human patients who were suspected for Leishmania were examined for CL by a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR).Results: The use of nPCR detected seven patients (25.9%) who were positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Five patients from Riyadh were infected by L. major and two from Al-Qaseem by L. tropica. In addition, five dogs (1.6%) were infected by L. tropica. Conclusions: This is one of the first molecular studies of leishmaniasis to be conducted in Saudi Arabia. The relationship between the sand-fly vectors and the reservoirs of both Leishmania spp. is still scarcely known in this region, and epidemiological investigations are required in order to progress towards control and prevention of the infection in canine and human populations.
C4OH is a Potential Screening Marker - A Multicenter Retrospective Study of Patients with Beta-Ketothiolase Deficiency in China
Authors: Lin Yiming , Yang Zhantao , Yang Chiju , Hu Haili , He Haiyan , Niu Tingting , Liu Mingfang , Wang Dongjuan , Sun Yun , Shen Yuanyuan , Li Xiaole , Yan Huiming , Kong Yuanyuan , Huang Xinwen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (BKTD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic mutations in ACAT1 that affects both isoleucine catabolism and ketolysis. Scant information is available regarding the incidence, newborn screening (NBS), and mutational spectrum in China.Methods: We collected NBS, biochemical, clinical, and ACAT1 mutation data from 18 provinces or municipalities in China between January 2009 and May 2020, and systematically assessed all available published Chinese BKTD patients data.Results: Totally 16,088,190 newborns were screened and 14 were identified through NBS, with an estimated incidence of 1 per 1 million newborns in China. Twenty-nine patients were genetically diagnosed as BKTD and 12 patients were newly identified. Most patients showed typical blood acylcarnitine and urinary organic acid profiles. In particular, almost all patients (15/16, 94%) showed elevated C4OH levels. Eighteen patients presented acute metabolic decompensations and displayed variable clinical symptoms. The acute episodes of 9 patients were triggered by infections, diarrhea, and vaccination. About two thirds of patients have favorable outcomes, one showed developmental delay, while three had died. Twenty-seven distinct variants were identified in ACAT1, among which 5 were found to be novel.Conclusion: This study presented the largest series of BKTD cohort in China. Our results indicated that C4OH is a useful marker for the detection of BKTD. The performance of BKTD NBS could be improved by adding C4OH to the current panel of C5OH and C5:1 markers in NBS. The mutational spectrum and molecular profiles of ACAT1 in Chinese population were expanded with 5 newly identified variants.
The Burden of Pharmacological Treatment on Health-Related Quality of Life in People with a Urea Cycle Disorder – A Qualitative Study
Authors: Yeowell Gillian , Burns Danielle , Fatoye Francis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Urea cycle disorders (UCD) are a group of conditions of inborn errors of metabolism, typically presenting neonatally. Excess ammonia builds rapidly within the body, risking hyperammonemic episodes and potentially death. Long-term management of the condition includes restrictive protein consumption, pharmacological interventions and, in extreme cases, liver transplantation. Pharmacological treatments such as sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbuturate have proven effective but not without a multitude of negative attributes including poor taste, elevated volume and associated gastrointestinal discomfort that impacts on health-related quality of life. Glycerol phenylbutyrate (GPB) has recently become a widely available pharmacological treatment with early reports of improved qualities. The following study aims to explore the burden of pharmacological treatment on health-related quality of life in people with a UCD. Results 9 carers of people living with a UCD were interviewed regarding their experiences of pharmacological treatment in relation to their, and their dependent’s health-related quality of life after transitioning to GPB. Three main themes were identified following data analysis: psychological health, physical health and social participation. Carers struggled with anxiety surrounding their dependent’s condition and the relentless battle of administering medication. Medication administration was perceived to have improved since the transition to GPB, alleviating distress for both carer and dependent. Issues involving schooling were commonly described, ranging from difficulties integrating their dependent into mainstream schooling and the impact of treatment on participation in school and extracurricular activities. Based upon participant’s experiences, it could be suggested that some burden had been relieved by the transition to GPB. However, it appeared that the burden would persist despite treatment, owing to the continuing nature of the condition. Conclusions Adhering to a strict pharmacological regime caused immense stress for both carers and dependents, severely impacting on typical social activities such as eating at a restaurant or going on holiday. GPB was perceived to have alleviated some burden in terms of administration. Practitioners should consider these findings when making clinical decisions for UCD patients and the effect of pharmacological treatment on health-related quality of life. Emotional support resources should be made readily available to families to assist with daily living.
Quantifying individual variability in exposure risk to mosquito bites in the Cascades region, Burkina Faso
Authors: Guglielmo Federica , Sanou Antoine , Churcher Thomas S , Ferguson Heather M , Ranson Hilary , Sherrard-Smith Ellie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe Cascades Region, Burkina Faso, has a high malaria burden despite reported high insecticide-treated mosquito net (ITN) use. Human and vector activities outside the hours when indoor interventions offer direct protection from infectious bites potentially increase exposure risk to bites from malaria-transmitting Anopheles mosquitoes. This work investigated the degree of variation in human behaviour both between individuals and through time (season) to quantify how it impacts exposure to malaria vectors.MethodsPatterns in human overnight activity (18:00-06:00) to quantify time spent using an ITN across 7 successive nights in two rural communities, Niakore (N = 24 participants) and Toma (71 participants), were observed in the dry and rainy seasons, between 2017-2018. Hourly human landing Anopheles mosquito catches were conducted in Niakore specifically, and Cascades Region generally, between 2016-2017. Data were statistically combined to estimate seasonal variation in time spent outdoors and Anopheles bites received per person per night (bpppn).ResultsSubstantial variability in exposure to outdoor Anopheles bites was detected within and between communities across seasons. In October, when Anopheles densities are highest, an individual’s risk of Anopheles bites ranged from 2.2 to 52.2 bites per person per night (bpppn) within the same week with variable risk dependent on hours spent indoors. Comparably higher outdoor human activity was observed in April and July but, due to lower Anopheles densities estimated, bpppn were 0.2 – 4.7 and 0.5 – 32.0, respectively. Males and people aged over 21 years were predicted to receive more bites in both sentinel villages.ConclusionThis work presents one of the first clear descriptions of the degree of heterogeneity in time spent outdoors between people and across the year. Appreciation of sociodemographic, cultural and entomological activities will help refine approaches to vector control.
Adjunctive air-polishing with erythritol in nonsurgical periodontal therapy – a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jentsch Holger F.R. , Flechsig Christian , Kette Benjamin , Eick Sigrun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: This study was aimed to investigate if the adjunctive use of erythritol air-polishing powder applied with the nozzle-system during subgingival instrumentation (SI) has an effect on the outcome of non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. Methods: Fourty-two individuals with periodontitis received nonsurgical periodontal therapy by SI without (controls, n=21) and with adjunctive air-polishing using nozzle + erythritol powder (test, n=21). They were analyzed for the clinical variables BOP (primary outcome at six month), probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL), four selected microorganisms and two biomarkers at baseline, before SI as well as three and six months after SI. Statistical analysis included nonparametric tests for intra- and intergroup comparisons. Results: In both groups, the clinical variables probing depth (PD), attachment level and BOP significantly improved three and six months after SI. The number of sites with PD ≥ 5mm was significantly lower in the test group than in the control group after six months. At six months vs. baseline, there were significant reductions of Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola counts as well as lower levels of MMP-8 in the test group. Conclusions: Subgingival instrumentation with adjunctive erythritol air-polishing powder does not reduce BOP. But it may add beneficial effects like reducing the probing depth measured as number of residual periodontal pocket with PD ≥ 5mm when compared with subgingival instrumentation only. Clinical relevance: The adjunctive use of erythritol air-polishing powder applied with the nozzle-system during SI may improve the clinical outcome of SI and may reduce the need for periodontal surgery. Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered in the German register of clinical trials, DRKS00015239 on 6th August 2018, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId =trial.HTML&TRIAL
A GPU based multidimensional amplitude analysis to search for tetraquark candidates
Authors: Sur Nairit , Cristella Leonardo , Florio Adriano Di , Mastrapasqua Vincenzo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The demand for computational resources is steadily increasing in experimental high energy physics as the current collider experiments continue to accumulate huge amounts of data and physicists indulge in more complex and ambitious analysis strategies. This is especially true in the fields of hadron spectroscopy and flavour physics where the analyses often depend on complex multidimensional unbinned maximum-likelihood fits, with several dozens of free parameters, with an aim to study the internal structure of hadrons.
Graphics processing units (GPUs) represent one of the most sophisticated and versatile parallel computing architectures that are becoming popular toolkits for high energy physicists to meet their computational demands. GooFit is an upcoming open-source tool interfacing ROOT/RooFit to the CUDA platform on NVIDIA GPUs that acts as a bridge between the MINUIT minimization algorithm and a parallel processor, allowing probability density functions to be estimated on multiple cores simultaneously.
In this article, a full-fledged amplitude analysis framework developed using GooFit is tested for its speed and reliability. The four-dimensional fitter framework, one of the firsts of its kind to be built on GooFit, is geared towards the search for exotic tetraquark states in the [[EQUATION]] decays and can also be seamlessly adapted for other similar analyses. The GooFit fitter, running on GPUs, shows a remarkable improvement in the computing speed compared to a ROOT/RooFit implementation of the same analysis running on multi-core CPU clusters. Furthermore, it shows sensitivity to components with small contributions to the overall fit. It has the potential to be a powerful tool for sensitive and computationally intensive physics analyses.
The Middle American species of Ambates Schönherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae).
Authors: Prena Jens 
Published: December 2020

Es werden taxonomische und nomenklatorische Aspekte von acht Gattungsnamen betrachtet, die in Zusammenhang zu Ambates sensu Schönherr stehen. Peridinetus schoenherri Chevrolat wird als Typusart von Drepanambates Jekel festgelegt. Mit Hilfe von Genitalstrukturen und Merkmalen am Rüssel werden zwei Artgruppen auf Gattungsebene unterschieden, welche die Namen Embates Chevrolat und Ambates Schönherr (gen. res.) erhalten. Synonyme von Ambates sind Neaedus Pascoe und Pycnambates Casey (syn. n.). Ambatodes Voss ist ein neues Synonym von Embates. Die mittelamerikanischen Ambates-Arten werden revidiert. 19 bislang aus Südamerika beschriebene Arten werden aufgezählt, ohne dass die dortige Fauna revidiert wird. Dreizehn Ambates-Arten werden in der mittelamerikanischen Fauna erkannt. Sieben neue Arten werden beschrieben: A. septimus, A. inornatus, A. neglectus, A. speciosus, A. talamancae, A. fasciger und A. signifer. Pantoteles albocinctus Champion wird als eine Unterart von A. albiventris Champion (stat. n.) aufgefasst. In der südamerikanischen Fauna wird Peridinetus variegatus Hustache (= P. hustachei Wibmer & O’Brien) zu Ambates als A. variegatus (Hustache) (comb. n.) gestellt, und Curculio apricans Herbst wird von Ambates zu Peridinetus als P. apricans (Herbst) (comb. n.) gestellt. Neue Synonymien sind A. pusio (Boheman) (= A. rufitarsis Kirsch, = A. callangaensis Voss) und A. schoenherri (Chevrolat) (= A. brasiliensis Janczyk).Stichwörterweevils, taxonomy, revision, pepper, Neotropics.Nomenklatorische Handlungenfasciger Prena, 2003 (Ambates), spec. n.immaculatus Champion, 1907 (Ambates), Lectotypeinornatus Prena, 2003 (Ambates), spec. n.neglectus Prena, 2003 (Ambates), spec. n.septimus Prena, 2003 (Ambates), spec. n.signifer Prena, 2003 (Ambates), spec. n.speciosus Prena, 2003 (Ambates), spec. n.talamancae Prena, 2003 (Ambates), spec. n.variegatus (Hustache, 1950) (Ambates), comb. n. hitherto Peridinetus variegatusAmbatodes Voss, 1954 (Curculionidae), syn. n. of Embates Chevrolat, 1833Pycnambates Casey, 1922 (Curculionidae), syn. n. of Ambates Schöenherr, 1836albocinctus Champion, 1907 (Pantoteles), stat. n. now a sspec. of Ambates albiventris Champion, 1907
Zum Vorkommen der auf Säugetieren parasitierenden Lausfliegen in der Uckermark (Diptera, Hippoboscidae).
Authors: Jentzsch Matthias , Menzel Frank 
Published: December 2020

An zwanzig verschiedenen Wald-Standorten wurden in der Uckermark-Region (Nordost-Deutschland) Lausfliegen (Hippoboscidae) gesammelt. Das Material stammt aus Dipteren-Proben, die in den Jahren 2001 bis 2003 im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes »Nordmitteleuropa 2020« (NME 2020) gekeschert wurden. Im Ergebnis dessen sind die Lausfliegen-Arten Hippobosca equina Linnaeus, 1758 und Lipoptena cervi (Linnaeus, 1758) in der Uckermark nachgewiesen worden. Dabei handelt es sich ausschließlich um geflügelte Weibchen, die wahrscheinlich auf Wirtssuche waren. Beide Arten parasitieren in der Regel bei großen Säugetieren (H. equina vor allem beim Hauspferd, L. cervi vor allem beim Reh), sind allgemein häufig und weit verbreitet. Die vorgestellten Nachweise werden als Beiträge zur Lausfliegen-Fauna der Bundesländer Brandenburg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern betrachtet.StichwörterDiptera, Hippoboscidae, Germany, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Uckermark, faunistics, new records.
A new oriental species of Thecophora Rondani (Diptera: Conopidae) and first records of Thecophora caenovalva (Kröber) from Japan
Authors: Stuke Jens-Hermann 
Published: December 2020

Thecophora bartaki spec. nov. is described from Laos and Thecophora caenovalva (Kröber) is reported from Japan.
Nomenclatural Acts
Thecophora bartaki spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D0069884-865A-46CC-92EE-DE874AA6EDD6
A revision of Sunius XVI. Two new species from Iran and Iraq (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae)
Authors: Assing Volker 
Published: December 2020

Two species of Sunius Stephens, 1829 are described and illustrated: S. reuteri spec. nov. (North Iraq), the first record of the genus from Iraq, and S. concurvatus spec. nov. (South Iran). Additional records of six previously described species are reported from the West Palaearctic region. Updated distribution maps are provided for S. khnzoriani (Coiffait, 1970) and S. fulgocephalus (Coiffait, 1970). The genus is currently represented in the Palaearctic region by 138 described species and two subspecies.
Nomenclatural Acts

Sunius reuteri spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2E7291CB-C82F-4970-80A2-CD2134094330
Sunius concurvatus spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08E5F974-F9DA-4C0A-8733-CD51AF218238
Description of a new Limnophora species from Bulgaria (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Zielke Eberhard 
Published: December 2020

Limnophora ljubomirovi spec. nov. with slightly curved wing-vein M1 ­and long plumose hairs of arista is described from Bulgaria and compared with similar species of the genus.
Nomenclatural Acts
Limnophora ljubomirovi spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BC851ACE-FCBA-482F-800D-70177499A33A
On the Staphylinidae of the Greek island Corfu (Insecta: Coleoptera)
Authors: Assing Volker , Schülke Michael , Brachat Volker , Meybohm Heinrich 
Published: December 2020

A study of nearly 10,000 specimens of Staphylinidae collected in the Ionian island Corfu, Greece, in late spring 2017 yielded more than 233 species. Additional, previously unpublished records of 66 named species are reported from the island. Two species are described and illustrated: Borboropora corcyrana Assing spec. nov. of the Aleocharinae and Ocypus corcyranus Assing spec. nov. of the Staphylininae. As many as 118 named species are reported from Corfu for the first time, 21 of these species represent first records from Greece. One name is revalidated and six names are synonymized: Euplectus jonicus Meggiolaro, 1966 (revalidated) = E. jonicus corcyreus Meggiolaro, 1966, syn. nov.; Mycetoporus punctipennis Scriba, 1868 = M. insulanus Luze, 1901, syn. nov.; Anotylus tetracarinatus (Block, 1799) = A. corcyranus (Coiffait, 1968), syn. nov.; Bledius corniger Rosenhauer, 1856 = B. bubalus Gistel, 1857, syn. nov.; Paederus littoralis Gravenhorst, 1802 = P. pelikani Reitter, 1884, syn. nov.; Leptacinus batychrus (Gyllenhal, 1827) = Phacophallus corcyranus Bordoni, 2017, syn. nov. Including reliable previous literature records and the new records reported in the present paper, 446 named species (plus additional unnamed species) are currently known from Corfu. Thus, the known fauna of this island is significantly more diverse than those of other East Mediterranean islands, including the much larger Cyprus. A checklist of the Staphylinidae fauna of Corfu is provided. Although at present 18 species and subspecies have been recorded exclusively from Corfu, most of them are unlikely to represent island endemics; three of these species are of doubtful taxonomic status.
Nomenclatural Acts

Borboropora corcyrana spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8D35093D-8EBF-4E9C-9876-AB758F4FC973
Ocypus corcyranus spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:812099FA-F72A-41E5-B96B-258F8F48639A