bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of deposition gases on the material properties of Y2SiO5: Ce3+ thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method
Authors: Haile H T , Dejene F B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The material properties of Y2SiO5: Ce3+ thin films have been investigated. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the films are structurally monoclinic with the most prominent diffraction peak of 15.7 °. The maximum crystallize size was obtained for samples deposited under oxygen deposition. The PL emission peaks are observed at 423 nm when probed at 370 nm, which can be ascribed to the transition of the electrons from the excited state of 5d to the ground state of 4f. Due to the spin–orbit interactions, the 4f ground state splits into 2f5/2 and 2f7/2 energy sub-levels. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurement shows a rough and uniform distribution of grains with small agglomerated topographic areas. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements shows the presence of all elements (Y, Si, O, and Ce). The maximum and minimum absorbance of the visible ultraviolet (UV–vis) spectrum was observed for the thin films deposited under the Argon and vacuum atmospheres with small shifts from Argon to the other depositions. The energy bandgap varies between 3.14 and 4.33 eV. The CIE measurement gives the blue emission band at an emission wavelength of 423 nm. The activation energy was obtained in the range of 0.1733 and 0.1938 eV. The maximum activation energy was obtained under the argon gas deposition.
Room temperature chiral smectic C liquid crystal bearing para-phenylchclohexyl mesogenic core
Authors: Kim Doo Hun , Goh Munju 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Novel calamitic chiral liquid crystal (LC) was synthesized by introducing chiral butanol moiety into the para-phenylcyclohexyl mesogenic core. We confirmed the liquid crystallinity of chiral LC using DSC, POM and XRD measurements. The chiral LC shows a stable enantiomeric LC phase both cooling and heating procedure. It was found that the chiral LC exhibits a stable LC phase at room temperature. In addition, the chiral LC was assigned as chiral smectic C (Sc*) phase with a tilted angle of 22.7°.
Thermochemical method of synthesizing stemmed nanoflower TiO2/eC3N4 heterojunction structures with enhanced solar water splitting
Authors: Tejasvi Ravi , Basu Suddhasatwa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
TiO2 nanoflower array linking to stem on a Ti foil is synthesized by thermochemical digestion of titanium at 80 °C by hydrogen peroxide and hydrofluoric acid solution. TiO2 nanoflower comprised of the anatase TiO2 which encased Ti metal core as seen by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy based depth profiling, x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and energy dispersive x-ray based elemental mapping. The TEM, selected area electron diffraction, and XRD analysis of air annealed TiO2 nanoflower show presence of anatase (101) and anatase (200) crystals of about 35 nm size. The Photoelectrochemical activity in water splitting is assessed for heterojunction formed by the TiO2 nanoflower with exfoliated carbon nitride (eC3N4), and the same is compared with heterojunction of TiO2 nanotubular array and eC3N4. It was found from linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that the synthesized stemmed-nanoflower TiO2 offers superior PEC activity towards water splitting when used in heterojunction with eC3N4 as compared to that of TiO2 nanotube with eC3N4.
Voxelotor Treatment Interferes With Quantitative and Qualitative Hemoglobin Variant Analysis in Multiple Sickle Cell Disease Genotypes
Authors: Rutherford-Parker Nicola J , Campbell Sean T , Colby Jennifer M , Shajani-Yi Zahra 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Voxelotor was recently approved for use in the United States as a treatment for sickle cell disease (SCD) and has been shown to interfere with the quantitation of hemoglobin (Hb) S percentage. This study aimed to determine the effect of voxelotor on the quantitation of hemoglobin variant levels in patients with multiple SCD genotypes.

Methods
In vitro experiments were performed to assess the impact of voxelotor treatment on hemoglobin variant testing. Whole blood samples were incubated with voxelotor and then analyzed by routinely used quantitative and qualitative clinical laboratory methods (high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC], capillary zone electrophoresis [CZE], and acid and alkaline electrophoresis).

Results
Voxelotor modified the α-globin chain of multiple hemoglobins, including HbA, HbS, HbC, HbD-Punjab, HbE, HbA2, and HbF. These voxelotor-hemoglobin complexes prevented accurate quantitation of multiple hemoglobin species, including HbS, by HPLC and CZE.

Conclusions
Technical limitations in quantifying HbS percentage may preclude the use of HPLC or CZE for monitoring patients treated with voxelotor. Furthermore, it is unclear whether HbS-voxelotor complexes are clinically equivalent to HbS. Consensus guidelines for reporting hemoglobin variant percentages for patients taking voxelotor are needed, as these values are necessary for determining the number of RBC units to exchange in acute situations.
ShallowHRD: detection of homologous recombination deficiency from shallow whole genome sequencing
Authors: Eeckhoutte Alexandre , Houy Alexandre , Manié Elodie , Reverdy Manon , Bièche Ivan , Marangoni Elisabetta , Goundiam Oumou , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Stoppa-Lyonnet Dominique , Bidard François-Clément , Stern Marc-Henri , Popova Tatiana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Summary
We introduce shallowHRD, a software tool to evaluate tumor homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) based on whole genome sequencing (WGS) at low coverage (shallow WGS or sWGS; ∼1X coverage). The tool, based on mining copy number alterations profile, implements a fast and straightforward procedure that shows 87.5% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity for HRD detection. shallowHRD could be instrumental in predicting response to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, to which HRD tumors are selectively sensitive. shallowHRD displays efficiency comparable to most state-of-art approaches, is cost-effective, generates low-storable outputs and is also suitable for fixed-formalin paraffin embedded tissues.

Availability and implementation
shallowHRD R script and documentation are available at https://github.com/aeeckhou/shallowHRD.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Making Sense of Social Work’s Troubled Past: Professional Identity, Collective Memory and the Quest for Historical Justice
Authors: Ioakimidis Vasilios , Trimikliniotis Nicos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSocial work historiography has neglected to engage meaningfully with the most troubling aspects of the profession’s past: the histories of complicity, or at least acquiescence, in acts of state violence and institutionalised oppression. Through the exploration of historical case studies, this article provides a tentative typology of social work’s ‘horrible histories’ focusing on the project of engineering the ideal-type family, in colonial and oppressive socio-political contexts. The authors argue that practices of oppression and complicity can neither be reduced to the ‘few bad apples’ approach nor judged through the individualising prism of moralism, prevalent in Kantian Ethics. Instead, they propose an ethics of transformative reconciliation which is based on the principles of apology, respect for victims and collective action for—professional and social—change.
Bisphenol S is a haemodialysis-associated xenobiotic that is less toxic than bisphenol A
Authors: Mas Sebastian , Ruiz-Priego Alberto , Abaigar Pedro , Santos Javier , Camarero Vanesa , Egido Jesús , Ortiz Alberto , Gonzalez-Parra Emilio 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Bisphenol S (BPS) is a structural analogue of bisphenol A (BPA) that is found in the environment. BPS may accumulate in anuric patients due to decreased urinary excretion. The toxicity and health effects of BPS are poorly characterized.

Methods
A cross-over study was performed using polynephron (PN) or polysulphone (PS) dialysers for a short (1 week each, 14 patients) or long (3 months each, 20 patients) period on each dialyser. Plasma BPA, BPS and hippuric acid were assessed by SRM mass spectrometry (SRM-MS). The biological significance of the BPS concentrations found was explored in cultured kidney tubular cells.

Results
In haemodiafiltration (HDF) patients, plasma BPS was 10-fold higher than in healthy subjects (0.53 ± 0.52 versus 0.05 ± 0.01 ng/mL; P = 0.0015), while BPA levels were 35-fold higher (13.23 ± 14.65 versus 0.37 ± 0.12 ng/mL; P = 0.007). Plasma hippuric acid decreased after an HDF session, while BPS and BPA did not. After 3 months of HDF with the same membranes, the BPS concentration was 1.01 ± 0.87 ng/mL for PN users and 0.62 ± 0.21 ng/mL for PS users (P non-statistically significant). In vitro, BPS and BPA leaked from dialysers containing them. In cultured tubular cells, no biological impact (cytotoxicity, inflammatory and oxidative stress gene expression) was observed for BPS up to 200 µM, while BPA was toxic at concentrations ≥100 µM.

Conclusions
BPS may be released from dialysis membranes, and dialysis patients display high BPS concentrations. However, BPS concentrations are lower than BPA concentrations and no BPS toxicity was observed at concentrations found in patient plasma.
Negative Voters? Electoral Competition with Loss-Aversion
Authors: Lockwood Ben , Rockey James 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of voter loss aversion in preferences over both candidate policy platforms and candidate valence on electoral competition. Loss-aversion over platforms leads to both platform rigidity and reduced platform polarisation, whereas loss-aversion over valence results in increased polarisation and the possibility of asymmetric equilibria with a self-fulfilling (dis)-advantage for the incumbent. The results are robust to a stochastic link between platforms and outcomes; they hold approximately for a small amount of noise. A testable implication of loss-aversion over platforms is that incumbents adjust less than challengers to shifts in voter preferences. We find some empirical support for this using data for elections to the US House of Representatives.
Long Live Keju! The Persistent Effects of China’s Civil Examination System
Authors: Chen Ting , Kung James Kai-sing , Ma Chicheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChina's civil examination system (keju), an incredibly long-lived institution, has a persistent impact on human capital outcomes today. Using the variation in the density of jinshi—the highest qualification—across 278 Chinese prefectures in the Ming-Qing period (c. 1368–1905) to proxy for this effect, we find that a doubling of jinshi per 10,000 population leads to an 8.5% increase in years of schooling in 2010. The persistent effect of keju can be attributed to a multitude of channels including cultural transmission, educational infrastructure, social capital and, to a lesser extent, political elites.
The impact of obesity on orthodontic treatment outcome in adolescents: a prospective clinical cohort study
Authors: Saloom Hayder F , Boustan Roshanak , Seehra Jadbinder , Papageorgiou Spyridon N , Carpenter Guy H , Cobourne Martyn T 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Introduction
This prospective clinical cohort study investigated the potential influence of obesity on orthodontic treatment outcome.

Methods
A prospective cohort of adolescent patients undergoing routine fixed appliance treatment were recruited into normal-weight or obese groups based upon body mass index (BMI) centile and followed up until the completion of treatment. Primary outcome was treatment duration, and secondary outcomes included treatment outcome (occlusal change measured using peer assessment rating [PAR]), appointment characteristics, and compliance measures.

Results
A total of 45 patients mean age 14.8 (1.6) years were included in the final analysis. The normal-weight group included 23 patients with mean BMI 19.4 (2.4) kg/m2 and the obese group 22 patients with mean BMI 30.5 (3.8) kg/m2. There were no significant differences in baseline demographics between groups, except for BMI and pre-treatment PAR. The normal-weight group had a mean pre-treatment PAR of 25.6 (8.3) and the obese 33.3 (11.8) giving the obese group a more severe pre-treatment malocclusion (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in treatment duration between groups (P = 0.36), but obese patients needed less time per each additional baseline PAR point compared to normal weight (P = 0.02). Obese patients also needed less appointments compared to normal-weight patients (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences between groups for appointment characteristics or compliance. Finally, obese patients were more likely to experience a great PAR reduction than normal-weight patients (relative risk = 2.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.2–4.2; P = 0.02).

Conclusions
There were no significant differences in treatment duration between obese and normal-weight patients. Obesity does not appear to be a risk factor for negative orthodontic treatment outcome with fixed appliances.
Ser and Thr acceptor preferences of the GalNAc-Ts vary among isoenzymes to modulate mucin-type O-glycosylation
Authors: Daniel Earnest James Paul , las Rivas Matilde , Lira-Navarrete Erandi , García-García Ana , Hurtado-Guerrero Ramon , Clausen Henrik , Gerken Thomas A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) initiates mucin-type O-glycosylation, transferring GalNAc onto hydroxyl groups of Ser and Thr residues of target substrates. The 20 GalNAc-T isoenzymes in humans are classified into nine subfamilies according to sequence similarity. GalNAc-Ts select their sites of glycosylation based on weak and overlapping peptide sequence motifs, as well prior substrate O-GalNAc glycosylation at sites both remote (long-range) and neighboring (short-range) the acceptor. Together, these preferences vary among GalNAc-Ts imparting each isoenzyme with its own unique specificity. Studies on the first identified GalNAc-Ts showed Thr acceptors were preferred over Ser acceptors; however studies comparing Thr vs. Ser glycosylation across the GalNAc-T family are lacking. Using a series of identical random peptide substrates, with single Thr or Ser acceptor sites, we determined the rate differences (Thr/Ser rate ratio) between Thr and Ser substrate glycosylation for 12 isoenzymes (representing 7 GalNAc-T subfamilies). These Thr/Ser rate ratios varied across subfamilies, ranging from ~2 to ~18 (for GalNAc-T4/GalNAc-T12 and GalNAc-T3/GalNAc-T6, respectively), while nearly identical Thr/Ser rate ratios were observed for isoenzymes within subfamilies. Furthermore, the Thr/Ser rate ratios did not appreciably vary over a series of fixed sequence substrates of different relative activities, suggesting the ratio is a constant for each isoenzyme against single acceptor substrates. Finally, based on GalNAc-T structures, the different Thr/Ser rate ratios likely reflect differences in the strengths of the Thr acceptor methyl group binding to the active site pocket. With this work, another activity that further differentiates substrate specificity among the GalNAc-Ts has been identified.
Unresolved Heterogeneity in Meta-Analysis: Combined Construct Invalidity, Confounding, and Other Challenges to Understanding Mean Effect Sizes
Authors: Levine Timothy R , Weber René 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe examined the interplay between how communication researchers use meta-analyses to make claims and the prevalence, causes, and implications of unresolved heterogeneous findings. Heterogeneous findings can result from substantive moderators, methodological artifacts, and combined construct invalidity. An informal content analysis of meta-analyses published in four elite communication journals revealed that unresolved between-study effect heterogeneity was ubiquitous. Communication researchers mainly focus on computing mean effect sizes, to the exclusion of how effect sizes in primary studies are distributed and of what might be driving effect size distributions. We offer four recommendations for future meta-analyses. Researchers are advised to be more diligent and sophisticated in testing for heterogeneity. We encourage greater description of how effects are distributed, coupled with greater reliance on graphical displays. We council greater recognition of combined construct invalidity and advocate for content expertise. Finally, we endorse greater awareness and improved tests for publication bias and questionable research practices.
Economic analysis of the adoption of capsule endoscopy within the British NHS
Authors: Lobo Alan , Torrejon Torres Rafael , McAlindon Mark , Panter Simon , Leonard Catherine , van Lent Nancy , Saunders Rhodri 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
Identification of a cost-effective treatment strategy is an unmet need in Crohn’s disease (CD). Here we consider the patient outcomes and cost impact of pan-intestinal video capsule endoscopy (PVCE) in the English National Health Service (NHS).

Design
An analysis of a protocolized CD care pathway, informed by guidelines and expert consensus, was performed in Microsoft Excel. Population, efficacy and safety data of treatments and monitoring modalities were identified using a structured PubMed review with English data prioritized. Costs were taken from the NHS and Payer Provided Services (PSS) 2016–17 tariffs for England and otherwise literature. Analysis was via a discrete-individual simulation with discounting at 3.5% per annum.

Setting
NHS provider and PSS perspective

Participants
4000 simulated CD patients

Interventions
PVCE versus colonoscopy ± magnetic resonance enterography (MRE)

Main outcome measures
Costs in 2017 GBP and quality-adjusted life years (QALY)

Results
The mean, total 20-year cost per patient was £42 266 with colonoscopy ± MRE and £38 043 with PVCE. PVCE incurred higher costs during the first 2 years due to higher treatment uptake. From year 3 onwards, costs were reduced due to fewer surgeries. Patients accrued 10.67 QALY with colonoscopy ± MRE and 10.96 with PVCE. PVCE dominated (less cost and higher QALY) colonoscopy ± MRE and was likely (&gt;74%) to be considered cost-effective by the NHS. Results were similar if a lifetime time horizon was used.

Conclusions
PVCE is likely to be a cost-effective alternative to colonoscopy ± MRE for CD surveillance. Switching to PVCE resulted in lower treatment costs and gave patients better quality of life.
Physician-to-Physician Electronic Consultation: A Tool for the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialist to Document Encounters and Quantify Effort
Authors: Gonzalez Blanca E , Sabella Camille , Esper Frank P , Daniels Heather L , Saracusa Carla , Boutros Jasmine , Foster Charles B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
E-consults replace “curbside” interactions, facilitate provider–specialist communication, document within the medical record, and track relative value units (RVUs). Pediatric infectious diseases (PID) E-consults commonly relate to vaccines, exposures, diagnoses, and treatments. The documented RVU effort of 197 consecutive PID E-consults was equivalent to 70 level 4 new outpatient consults.
In vitro anti-Pythium insidiosum activity of amorolfine hydrochloride and azithromycin, alone and in combination
Authors: Ianiski Lara Baccarin , Stibbe Paula Cristina , Denardi Laura Bedin , Weiblen Carla , Soares Mauro Pereira , Valente Julia de Souza Silveira , Sangioni Luís Antônio , Pereira Daniela Isabel Brayer , Santurio Janio Morais , Botton Sônia de Avila 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pythium insidiosum infections have been widely studied in an attempt to develop an effective therapeutic protocol for the treatment of human and animal pythiosis. Several antifungal agents are still prescribed against this oomycete, although they present contradictory results. To evaluate the susceptibility profile and to verify the morphological alterations in P. insidiosum isolates treated with amorolfine hydrochloride and azithromycin, alone or in combination. Susceptibility tests for P. insidiosum isolates (n = 20) against amorolfine hydrochloride (AMR) and azithromycin (AZM) were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institutes (CLSI) protocol M38-A2. Combinations of both drugs were evaluated using the checkerboard microdilution method. Additionally, transmission and scanning electron microscopy were performed in order to verify the morphological alterations in P. insidiosum isolates in response to these drugs. All P. insidiosum isolates had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 16 to 64 mg/l and 8 to 64 mg/l for amorolfine hydrochloride and azithromycin, respectively. Synergistic interactions between the drugs were not observed, with antagonism in 59.8% of isolates, and indifferent interactions in 36.2%. Electron microscopy showed changes in the surface of P. insidiosum hyphae, disorganization of intracellular organelles, and changes in the plasma membrane and cell wall of oomycetes treated with the drugs. This is the first study to demonstrate in vitro anti-P. insidiosum effect of amorolfine hydrochloride. These results indicate the therapeutic potential of this drug against cutaneous and subcutaneous forms of pythiosis, but further studies are necessary to confirm this potential.
Encounters of merger and accretion shocks in galaxy clusters and their effects on intracluster medium
Authors: Zhang Congyao , Churazov Eugene , Dolag Klaus , Forman William R , Zhuravleva Irina 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Several types/classes of shocks naturally arise during formation and evolution of galaxy clusters. One such class is represented by accretion shocks, associated with deceleration of infalling baryons. Such shocks, characterized by a very high Mach number, are present even in 1D models of cluster evolution. Another class is composed of ‘runaway merger shocks’, which appear when a merger shock, driven by a sufficiently massive infalling subcluster, propagates away from the main-cluster centre. We argue that, when the merger shock overtakes the accretion shock, a new long-living shock is formed that propagates to large distances from the main cluster (well beyond its virial radius), affecting the cold gas around the cluster. We refer to these structures as Merger-accelerated Accretion shocks (MA-shocks) in this paper. We show examples of such MA-shocks in one-dimensioanal (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulations and discuss their characteristic properties. In particular, (1) MA-shocks shape the boundary separating the hot intracluster medium (ICM) from the unshocked gas, giving this boundary a ‘flower-like’ morphology. In 3D, MA-shocks occupy space between the dense accreting filaments. (2) Evolution of MA-shocks highly depends on the Mach number of the runaway merger shock and the mass accretion rate parameter of the cluster. (3) MA-shocks may lead to the misalignment of the ICM boundary and the splashback radius.