bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal expressive suppression moderates the relations between maternal and child hair cortisol
Authors: Doan Stacey N. , Venkatesh Shruthi , Predroza Melissa , Tarullo Amanda , Meyer Jerrold S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSelf‐reports and physiological indicators of stress such as cortisol levels are correlated in maternal and child samples. This relationship is likely to be influenced by maternal emotion regulation. Herein, we investigate the moderating role of maternal regulation strategies on the association between maternal and child hair cortisol levels. Mother–child dyads (N = 63, child mean age = 49.74 months) participated in the study. Hair samples were collected from mother and child, and cortisol was assayed. Mothers reported on their own emotion regulation strategies, namely expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal. As expected, mother and child hair cortisol levels were significantly correlated. Interestingly, the relation between maternal and child hair cortisol was moderated by maternal suppression of emotion. Mother and child hair cortisol levels were related at low levels of maternal suppression, but not at higher levels of suppression. Maternal cognitive reappraisal of emotion was not associated with cortisol levels.
Adaptive rule learning of event sequences during the A‐not‐B task in 9‐month‐old infants
Authors: Werchan Denise M. , Amso Dima 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrior work indicates that infants can use social information to organize simple audiovisual inputs into predictable rules by 8 months of age. However, it is unclear whether infants can use social information to organize more complex events into predictable rules that can be used to guide motor action. To examine these issues, we tested 9‐month‐old infants using a modified version of an A‐not‐B task, in which hiding event sequences were paired with different experimenters, who could be used to organize the events into rules that guide action. We predicted that infants’ reaching accuracy would be better when the experimenter changes when the toy's hiding location changes, relative to when the experimenter stays the same, as this should cue a novel rule used to guide action. Experiments 1 and 2 validated this prediction. Experiment 3 showed that reaching accuracy was better when the toy's hiding locationswitchedbut wasconsistentwith the rule associated with the experimenter, relative to when the toy's hiding locationrepeatedbut wasinconsistentwith the rule associated with the experimenter. These data suggest that infants can use the identities of experimenters to organize events into predictable rules that guide action in the A‐not‐B task.
Tree canopy cover constrains the fertility–diversity relationship in plant communities of the southeastern United States
Authors: Hakkenberg Christopher R. , Peet Robert K. , Wentworth Thomas R. , Zhu Kai , Schafale Michael P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe goal of elucidating the primary mechanisms constraining the assembly and distribution of biodiversity remains among the central unresolved challenges facing the field of ecology. Simulation studies and experimental manipulations have focused on how patterns in community assembly result from bivariate relationships along productivity or environmental gradients. However, the joint influence of multiple resource gradients on the distribution of species richness in natural communities remains understudied. Using data from a large network of multiscale vegetation plots across forests and woodlands of the southeastern United States, we find significant evidence for the scale‐dependent, joint constraints of forest structure and soil resources on the distribution of vascular plant species richness. In addition to their significant partial effects on species richness, understory light levels and soil fertility positively interact, suggesting a trade‐off between the two limiting resources with species richness peaking both in high‐light, low‐fertility conditions as well as low‐light, high‐fertility settings. This finding provides a novel perspective on the biodiversity–productivity relationship that suggests a transition in limiting resources from soil nutrients to light availability when enhanced productivity results in reduced light resources for subordinate individuals. Results likewise have meaningful implications for our understanding of scale‐dependent community assembly processes as size‐asymmetric competition replaces environmental filtering as the primary assembly mechanism structuring temperate forest communities along an increasing soil fertility gradient.
A multifaceted approach to analyzing taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic β diversity
Authors: Nakamura Gabriel , Vicentin Wagner , Súarez Yzel Rondon , Duarte Leandro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEcological literature offers a myriad of methods for quantifying β diversity. One such method is determining BDtotal (BD), which, unlike other methods, can be decomposed into meaningful components that indicate how unique a sampling unit is regarding its composition (local contribution) and how unique a species is regarding its occurrence in the community (species contribution). Despite this advantage, the original formulation of the BD metric only assesses taxonomic variation and neglects other important dimensions of biodiversity. We expanded the original formulation of BD to capture variation in the functional and phylogenetic dimensions of community data by computing two new metrics—BDFun and BDPhy—as well as their respective components that represent the local and species contribution. We tested the statistical performance of these new metrics for capturing variation in functional and phylogenetic composition through simulated communities and illustrated the potential use of these new metrics by analyzing β diversity of stream fish communities. Our results demonstrated that BDPhy and BDFun have acceptable type I error and great power to detect the effect of deep evolutionary relationships and attributes mediating patterns of β diversity. The empirical example illustrated how BDPhy and BDFun reveal complementary aspects of β diversity relative to the original BD metric. These new metrics can be used to identify local communities that are of conservation importance because they represent unique functional, phylogenetic, and taxonomic compositions. We conclude that BDPhy and BDFun are important tools for providing complementary information in the investigation of the structure of biological communities.
Treated Screen Printed Electrodes Based on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Nanoribbons for the Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine in the Presence of Uric Acid
Authors: Mohammadi Somayeh , Taher Mohammad Ali , Beitollahi Hadi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this research, the graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) were substantially synthesized by the oxidative longitudinal unzipping of the multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Then, a direct electrochemical technique was employed for reducing GONRs adsorbed on the screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Electrochemical reduction effectively eliminated the oxygen‐containing groups in the GONRs and produced the electrochemically reduced graphene nanoribbons (ERGNRs). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the materials. The modified SPCE with ERGNRs (ERGNRs/SPCE) displayed acceptable electrocatalytic characteristics towards the oxidation of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) and applied to the simultaneous determination of these two analytes. ERGNRs/SPCE has a peak potential difference of 245 mV between DA and UA. The anodic peak currents of DA and UA were linear within the concentration ranges between 0.5 and 300.0 μM and 1.0 to 400.0 μM in phosphate buffer (pH=7.0) respectively. The detection limit of the technique for DA is 0.15 μM (S/N=3) and for UA is 0.3 μM (S/N=3). The proposed approach has been applied to the determination of DA and UA in real samples and generated acceptable outputs.
An accurate interface reconstruction method using piecewise circular arcs
Authors: Maity Ram Kumar , Sundararajan T. , Velusamy K. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryA novel piecewise circular interface construction (PCIC) method for accurate reconstruction of interface in a two‐phase flow problem is proposed. This is under the framework of a fixed grid, volume of fluid approach applied on a two‐dimensional semistaggered structured grid. Fluid interface in each mixed cell is represented using a geometric template of piecewise circular arc. Data corresponding to arc center coordinates and radius are first predicted using curve fitting methods and corrected with the help of volume fraction constraints. Further corrections are carried out to achieve function (c0) continuity at cell boundaries. The proposed method does not require additional calculations for the determination of curvature (for calculation of surface tension force), since it is obtained as part of reconstruction process itself. For dynamic interface construction, simple analytical expressions are derived to construct edge matched flux polygons. Area of intersection of flux polygons with area covered by primary fluid is determined to effect geometric advection across a PCIC interface. Accuracy of this method is demonstrated by the reconstruction of standard static and dynamically evolving interface problems. Accuracy levels superior to most interface reconstruction methods using PLIC and schemes using higher order curves are established. Finally, the capability to handle a complex two‐phase flow problem simulation viz the four‐vortex flow field, where interface undergoes breakage and coalescence, is also demonstrated.
Sirt6 Alleviated Liver Fibrosis by Deacetylating Conserved Lysine 54 on Smad2 in Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Zhang Jinhang , Li Yanping , Liu Qinhui , Huang Ya , Li Rui , Wu Tong , Zhang Zijing , Zhou Jian , Huang Hui , Tang Qin , Huang Cuiyuan , Zhao Yingnan , Zhang Guorong , Jiang Wei , Mo Li , Zhang Jian , Xie Wen , He Jinhan 
Published: June 2020

Backgrounds and Aims
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a central driver of fibrosis. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the deacetylase sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) in HSC activation and liver fibrosis.

Approach and Results
Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function models were used to study the function of Sirt6 in HSC activation. Mass spectrometry was used to determine the specific acetylation site. The lecithin retinol acyltransferase–driven cyclization recombination recombinase construct (CreERT2) mouse line was created to generate HSC‐specific conditional Sirt6‐knockout mice (Sirt6△HSC). We found that Sirt6 is most abundantly expressed in HSCs as compared with other liver cell types. The expression of Sirt6 was decreased in activated HSCs and fibrotic livers of mice and humans. Sirt6 knockdown and Sirt6 overexpression increased and decreased fibrogenic gene expression, respectively, in HSCs. Mechanistically, Sirt6 inhibited the phosphorylation and nuclear localization of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) 2. Further study demonstrated that Sirt6 could directly interact with Smad2, deacetylate Smad2, and decrease the transcription of transforming growth factor β/Smad2 signaling. Mass spectrometry revealed that Sirt6 deacetylated conserved lysine 54 on Smad2. Mutation of lysine 54 to Arginine in Smad2 abolished the regulatory effect of Sirt6. In vivo, specific ablation of Sirt6 in HSCs exacerbated hepatocyte injury and cholestasis‐induced liver fibrosis in mice. With targeted delivery of the Sirt6 agonist MDL‐800, its concentration was 9.28‐fold higher in HSCs as compared with other liver cells and alleviated hepatic fibrosis.

Conclusions
Sirt6 plays a key role in HSC activation and liver fibrosis by deacetylating the profibrogenic transcription factor Smad2. Sirt6 may be a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
Hematological reactions in the inhabitants of the Arctic on a polar night and a polar day
Authors: Balashova Svetlana N. , Samodova Anna V. , Dobrodeeva Liliya K. , Belisheva Natalya K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the features of hematological reactions in the inhabitants of the Arctic territory of the Kola Peninsula on a polar night and a polar day.MethodsThe study included determining the hemogram, neutrograms, monocytograms, lymphocytograms, and phagocytic activity neutrophil granulocytes, enzyme immunoassay, flow cytometry.ResultsIt was established that during the polar night, there is an increase in the activity of migration of leukocytes from the marginal pool to the circulating pool, an increase in the intensity of phagocytosis by neutrophils, an increase in the concentrations of noradrenaline, cortisol, as well as an increase in hyperergic reactions involving immunoglobulin E and inhibitory processes due to an increase in interleukin‐10.ConclusionA prolonged lack of sunlight causes a decrease in the reserve capacity for regulating homeostasis and forces the body to use proliferative reactions, which is reflected in the increase in stab neutrophils, large lymphocytes in the structure of the lymphocytogram and CD10+ lymphocytes. In winters, the frequency of neutropenia registration also increases to 13% of cases, the deficit of phagocytic activity of neutrophils; lymphopenia is recorded in 20% with T‐helper deficiency (37%). A part of the population probably has a relatively high degree of vulnerability to the action of natural environmental factors and is not able to completely restore the initial levels of the effectiveness of adaptation reactions in the summer. So at the end of the polar day in 8% of adults born in the north, neutropenia is recorded and in 21%—lymphopenia.
Childhood cancer incidence among specific Asian and Pacific Islander populations in the United States
Authors: Moore Kristin J. , Hubbard Aubrey K. , Williams Lindsay A. , Spector Logan G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite the vast genetic and environmental diversity in Asia, individuals of Asian and Pacific Islander (API) descent are often combined into a single group for epidemiologic analyses within the U.S. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Detailed Asian/Pacific Islander Database to calculate incidence rates for discrete groups among children aged 0 to 19 years. Due to sample size constraints we pooled incidence among regional groups based on countries of origin: East Asians (Chinese, Japanese, Korean), Southeast (SE) Asians (Vietnamese, Laotian, Cambodian), Asian Indian/Pakistani, Oceanians (Guamanian, Samoan, Tongan) and Filipinos. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated comparing each API regional group to Non‐Hispanic Whites (NHW) and East Asians. Finally, we calculated the correlation between incidence of cancer in specific API ethnicities in SEER and in originating countries in the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Incidence rates among API regional groups varied. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was lower in children of SE Asian descent (IRR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44, 0.96) compared to NHW. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was more common among children from Oceania compared to NHW (IRR 3.88, 95% CI 1.83, 8.22). East Asians had higher incidence rates than SE Asians but lower rates compared to children from Oceania. Correlation of some incidence rates between US‐based API ethnicities and originating countries were similar. The variation observed in childhood cancer incidence patterns among API groups may indicate differences in underlying genetics and/or patterns of exposure.
Cost of decentralized CAR T‐cell production in an academic nonprofit setting
Authors: Ran Tao , Eichmüller Stefan B. , Schmidt Patrick , Schlander Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy is a promising immunotherapy with high acquisition costs, and it has raised concerns about affordability and sustainability in many countries. Furthermore, the current centralized production paradigm for the T cells is less than satisfactory. Therefore, several countries are exploring alternative T‐cell production modes. Our study is based on the T‐cell production experience in a nonprofit setting in Germany. We first identified the work steps and main activities in the production process. Then we determined the fixed costs and variable costs. Main cost components included personnel and technician salaries, expenditure on equipment, a clean room, as well as production materials. All costs were calculated in 2018 euros and converted into U.S. dollars. For a clean room with one machine for closed and automated manufacturing installed, annual fixed costs summed up to approximately €438 098 ($584 131). The variable cost per production was roughly €34 798 ($46 397). At the maximum capacity of one machine, total cost per product would be close to €60 000 ($78 849). As shown in the scenario analysis, if three machines were to be installed in the clean room, per production cost could be as low as €45 000 (roughly $59905). If a cheaper alternative to lentivirus was used, per production total cost could be further reduced to approximately €33 000 (roughly $44309). Decentralized T‐cell production might be a less costly and more efficient alternative to the current centralized production mode that requires a high acquisition cost.
Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor by benzo[a]pyrene increases interleukin 33 expression and eosinophil infiltration in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Tajima Hitoshi , Tajiki‐Nishino Risako , Watanabe Yuko , Kurata Keigo , Fukuyama Tomoki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe recently demonstrated that benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand, directly contributes to aggravation of cutaneous allergy in a mouse model of allergic dermatitis. The present study aimed to determine whether BaP‐induced AhR activation results in development of airway inflammation. Initially, the potential for a direct relationship between BaP‐induced AhR activation and airway inflammation was investigated in vivo, using a mouse model of type 2 helper T cell (Th2) hapten toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI)‐induced airway inflammation. Mice were orally administered BaP at 48, 24, and 4 h before the final allergen challenge. Oral administration of BaP showed a significant increase in lung inflammation and eosinophil infiltration. While expression of Th2 cytokines such as interleukin 4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13 was not affected by exposure to BaP, AhR activation significantly increased IL‐33 expression. To confirm the in vivo results, in vitro experiments were performed using the human eosinophilic leukemia cell line (EOL‐1), human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS‐2B), and human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Results indicated that pre‐treatment with BaP increased expression of IL‐8 in house dust mite‐activated EOL‐1, BEAS‐2B, and A549 cells. In addition, IL‐33 levels in BEAS‐2B cells were significantly increased after BaP exposure. Our findings indicated that BaP‐induced AhR activation is involved in the pro‐inflammatory response in respiratory allergy, and that this effect may be mediated by increased IL‐33 expression and eosinophil infiltration.
Comparative study between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and their conditioned medium in the treatment of rat model of Parkinsonism
Authors: Abdelwahab Soha , Elsebay Sara Abdel Gawad , Fouli Gaber Manar , Abdel‐Hafez Sara Mohamed Naguib 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParkinsonism is one of the most common aging neurodegenerative disorders. This study aims to compare the therapeutic effect of stem cell versus its conditioned medium in the Parkinsonism model. Parkinsonism was induced by daily subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg/kg of rotenone dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide for 28 days. Fifty rats were divided randomly into five groups: control, dimethyl sulfoxide, Parkinsonism, stem cell‐treated, and conditioned medium‐treated groups. Midbrain specimens were obtained for histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies. Lewy bodies were observed in the Parkinsonism group in the dopaminergic neuron and neuropil as well. Almost all of the pathological changes were clearly ameliorated in both stem cell‐ and conditioned medium‐treated groups as confirmed by biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical (anti‐nestin, anti‐glial fibrillary acidic protein, and anti‐α synuclein) studies. However, the conditioned medium showed more superior therapeutic effect establishing nearly the normal histological architecture of substantia nigra. These results may pave the future for using stem cell‐conditioned medium as a more convenient and effective adjuvant therapy in Parkinsonism and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Pyrolysis of microalgae biomass over carbonate catalysts
Authors: Ferreira Ana Filipa , Soares Dias Ana Paula 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroalgae are seen as potential biomass to be used in a biorefinery concept. Several technologies can be used to convert microalgal biomass, but pyrolysis is viewed as a unique pathway to obtain valuable chemicals distributed in three phases: liquid (bio‐oil), gas (bio‐gas) and solid (bio‐char). The liquid phase, bio‐oil, usually presents higher heating value than raw biomass, but acidity and oxygen content are major drawbacks. In situ catalyzed pyrolysis can help to decrease the oxygen content and acidity of pyrolytic bio‐oils. Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus were pyrolyzed in a fixed‐bed reactor using commercial carbonate catalysts (Li2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3, MgCO3, SrCO3 and MnCO3). The catalysis pyrolysis temperature (375 °C) was selected from thermal degradation profiles obtained using thermogravimetry under nitrogen flow and corresponds to the maximum degradation rate for both microalgae. In spite of similar volatile and fixed carbon contents, microalgae performed differentially during pyrolysis mainly due to the different contents of carbohydrates, oils and proteins. Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus showed bio‐oil yield in the range 26–38 and 28–50 wt%, respectively. Only sodium carbonate was able to decrease the bio‐char yield, confirming that carbonate catalysts prompt simultaneously gasification and carbonization reactions. Fourier transform infrared spectra of produced bio‐oils showed a net decrease of acidity, associated with carbonyl species when carbonate catalysts were used. Bio‐char morphology, for both microalgae, showed evidence of melting and resolidification of cell structures, which might be due to the lower melting points of the pyrolysis products obtained from proteins and lipids. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry