bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combat‐Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comorbid Major Depression in U.S. Veterans: The Role of Deployment Cycle Adversity and Social Support
Authors: Goetter Elizabeth M. , Hoeppner Susanne S. , Khan Amanda J. , Charney Meredith E. , Wieman Sarah , Venners Margaret R. , Avallone Kimberly M. , Rauch Sheila A. M. , Simon Naomi M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) commonly co‐occur in combat veterans, and this comorbidity has been associated with higher levels of distress and more social and economic costs compared to one disorder alone. In a secondary analysis of a multisite randomized controlled trial of a sample of veterans with combat‐related PTSD, we examined the associations among pre‐, peri‐, and postdeployment adversity, social support, and clinician‐diagnosed comorbid MDD. Participants completed the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory–II as well as structured clinical interviews for diagnostic status. Among 223 U.S. veterans of the military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan (86.9% male) with primary combat‐related PTSD, 69.5% had current comorbid MDD. After adjustment for sex, a linear regression model indicated that more concerns about family disruptions during deployment,f2= 0.065; more harassment during deployment,f2= 0.020; and lower ratings of postdeployment social support,f2= 0.154, were associated with more severe self‐reported depression symptoms. Interventions that enhance social support as well as societal efforts to foster successful postdeployment reintegration are critical for reducing the mental health burden associated with this highly prevalent comorbidity in veterans with combat‐related PTSD.
Examining Insomnia During Intensive Treatment for Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Does it Improve and Does it Predict Treatment Outcomes?
Authors: Zalta Alyson K. , Pinkerton Linzy M. , Valdespino‐Hayden Zerbrina , Smith Dale L. , Burgess Helen J. , Held Philip , Boley Randy A. , Karnik Niranjan S. , Pollack Mark H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that sleep disturbances show little improvement with evidence‐based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, sleep improvements are associated with PTSD treatment outcomes. The goal of the current study was to evaluate changes in self‐reported insomnia symptoms and the association between insomnia symptoms and treatment outcome during a 3‐week intensive treatment program (ITP) for veterans with PTSD that integrated cognitive processing therapy (CPT), mindfulness, yoga, and other ancillary services. As part of standard clinical procedures, veterans (N = 165) completed self‐report assessments of insomnia symptoms at pre‐ and posttreatment as well as self‐report assessments of PTSD and depression symptoms approximately every other day during treatment. Most veterans reported at least moderate difficulties with insomnia at both pretreatment (83.0%–95.1%) and posttreatment (69.1–71.3%). Statistically significant reductions in self‐reported insomnia severity occurred from pretreatment to posttreatment; however, the effect size was small, d = 0.33. Longitudinal mixed‐effects models showed a significant interactive effect of Changes in Insomnia × Time in predicting PTSD and depression symptoms, indicating that patients with more improvements in insomnia had more positive treatment outcomes. These findings suggest that many veterans continued to struggle with sleep disruption after a 3‐week ITP, and successful efforts to improve sleep could lead to better PTSD treatment outcomes. Further research is needed to establish how adjunctive sleep interventions can be used to maximize both sleep and PTSD outcomes.
Return of the “age of dinoflagellates” in Monterey Bay: Drivers of dinoflagellate dominance examined using automated imaging flow cytometry and long‐term time series analysis
Authors: Fischer Alexis D. , Hayashi Kendra , McGaraghan Anna , Kudela Raphael M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhytoplankton biomass in Monterey Bay, California is typically dominated by diatoms, but it shifted to dinoflagellates twice in the past 18 years (2004–2007, 2017–2018), which was associated with increased harmful algal blooms. Located within the central California Current System (CCS), Monterey Bay is strongly influenced by cycles of upwelling‐favorable winds and their relaxation or reversal. Both dinoflagellate‐dominated periods were linked to a negative North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) and increased river discharge, but each had a different relationship with upwelling. To examine the connection between large‐scale and local forcings underlying floristic shifts in the phytoplankton assemblage, an Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) was deployed within the Monterey Bay upwelling shadow for a full year. A machine learning classifier differentiating IFCB images of the phytoplankton assemblage was developed. Despite anomalously strong upwelling in 2018, dinoflagellates comprised 57% of the annual phytoplankton‐specific biomass. During upwelling, dinoflagellates appear to have accumulated at convergent fronts, while during relaxation these frontal populations were transported to the nearshore where they seeded local blooms. Frequent upwelling‐relaxation cycles and local wind anomalies generated an unusually retentive circulation pattern in the upwelling shadow, producing a warm and stratified bloom incubator. Thus, local features and forcings (upwelling shadow, winds, river discharge) modified the effects of regional‐ and basin‐scale oceanographic variability (regional upwelling, NPGO), altering local phytoplankton patterns. As North Pacific decadal variability and CCS upwelling intensity increase under climate warming, dinoflagellates may become more common in some CCS regions, due to the enhancement or mitigation of large‐scale trends by local forcings.
The Promising Future of Fluoropolymers
Authors: Améduri Bruno 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article aims at showing the usefulness of fluoropolymers (FPs), supplying an overview of their synthesis, applications, and recycling. FPs are currently prepared by conventional radical polymerization of fluoromonomers. These specialty polymers, produced in low tonnage compared to that of commodity ones, display outstanding properties, such as chemical, oxidative, and thermal resistances, low refractive index, dissipation factor, permittivity, and water absorptivity, and excellent weatherability and durability. More recent routes for their preparations are suggested, controlled or not, leading to random, alternated, block, graft, dendrimers, or multiarm copolymers, as well as their applications ranging from coatings to high performance (thermoplastic) elastomers, energy related‐materials (e.g., fuel cell membranes, components for lithium‐ion batteries, electroactive devices, and photovoltaics) to original and surfactants, optical devices, organic electronics, composites, and shape memory polymers.
Comparison of NGS panel and Sanger sequencing for genotyping CAG repeats in the AR gene
Authors: Rocca Maria Santa , Ferrarini Margherita , Msaki Aichi , Vinanzi Cinzia , Ghezzi Marco , De Rocco Ponce Maurizio , Foresta Carlo , Ferlin Alberto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe androgen receptor (AR) is a nuclear receptor, encoded by the AR gene on the X chromosome. Within the first exon of the AR gene, two short tandem repeats (STR), CAG and GGC, are a source of polymorphism in the population. Therefore, high‐throughput methods for screening AR, such as next‐generation sequencing (NGS), are sought after; however, data generated by NGS are limited by the availability of bioinformatics tools. Here, we evaluated the accuracy of the bioinformatics tool HipSTR in detecting and quantify CAG repeats within the AR gene.MethodThe AR gene of 228 infertile men was sequenced using NGSgene panel. Data generated were analyzed with HipSTR to detect CAG repeats. The accuracy was compared with the results obtained with Sanger.ResultsWe found that HipSTR was more accurate than Sanger in genotyping normal karyotype men (46,XY), however, it was more likely to misidentify homozygote genotypes in men with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY).ConclusionOur findings show that the bioinformatics tool HipSTR is 100% accurate in detecting and assessing AR CAG repeats in infertile men (46,XY) as well as in men with low‐level mosaicism.
Glucose‐dependent dielectric Cole‐Cole models of rat blood plasma from 500 MHz to 40 GHz for millimeter‐wave glucose detection
Authors: Hays Madeline , Wojcieszak Sydney , Nusrat Nikhat , Secondo Lynn E. , Topsakal Erdem 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn 2017, 30.3 million Americans lived with diabetes. Currently, the standard method of glucose estimation for diabetes relies on electrochemical sensors which have limited lifespans and are only reliable continuously up to 400 mg/dL. This paper investigates an alternative sensing method using dielectric property variability as a function of glucose concentration. In this study, we characterize dielectric properties—relative permittivity and conductivity—of Sprague Dawley rat blood plasma as they relate to plasma glucose concentrations from 250 to 16 000 mg/dL, over an expanded frequency range of 500 MHz to 40 GHz with a 9.897 MHz resolution. Particle swarm optimization is then used to fit measured data to a single‐pole Cole‐Cole model for relative permittivity and conductivity. Quadratic relationships are developed to represent Cole‐Cole parameters as functions of glucose concentration. Accuracy of the Cole‐Cole model is determined by finding the difference between experimental data and Cole‐Cole approximations. Results suggest three main conclusions which may be applied to future sensing applications and testing: the single‐pole Cole‐Cole model is a reliable method to accurately describe and reconstitute dielectric properties according rat blood plasma glucose concentrations, conductivity is a more promising determinant of glucose concentration than relative permittivity, and higher frequency ranges result in larger conductivity contrast between glucose concentrations.
Principles and applications of multienergy CT: Report of AAPM Task Group 291
Authors: McCollough Cynthia H. , Boedeker Kirsten , Cody Dianna , Duan Xinhui , Flohr Thomas , Halliburton Sandra S. , Hsieh Jiang , Layman Rick R. , Pelc Norbert J. 
Published: March 2020

In x‐ray computed tomography (CT), materials with different elemental compositions can have identical CT number values, depending on the mass density of each material and the energy of the detected x‐ray beam. Differentiating and classifying different tissue types and contrast agents can thus be extremely challenging. In multienergy CT, one or more additional attenuation measurements are obtained at a second, third or more energy. This allows the differentiation of at least two materials. Commercial dual‐energy CT systems (only two energy measurements) are now available either using sequential acquisitions of low‐ and high‐tube potential scans, fast tube‐potential switching, beam filtration combined with spiral scanning, dual‐source, or dual‐layer detector approaches. The use of energy‐resolving, photon‐counting detectors is now being evaluated on research systems. Irrespective of the technological approach to data acquisition, all commercial multienergy CT systems circa 2020 provide dual‐energy data. Material decomposition algorithms are then used to identify specific materials according to their effective atomic number and/or to quantitate mass density. These algorithms are applied to either projection or image data. Since 2006, a number of clinical applications have been developed for commercial release, including those that automatically (a) remove the calcium signal from bony anatomy and/or calcified plaque; (b) create iodine concentration maps from contrast‐enhanced CT data and/or quantify absolute iodine concentration; (c) create virtual non‐contrast‐enhanced images from contrast‐enhanced scans; (d) identify perfused blood volume in lung parenchyma or the myocardium; and (e) characterize materials according to their elemental compositions, which can allow in vivo differentiation between uric acid and non‐uric acid urinary stones or uric acid (gout) or non‐uric acid (calcium pyrophosphate) deposits in articulating joints and surrounding tissues. In this report, the underlying physical principles of multienergy CT are reviewed and each of the current technical approaches are described. In addition, current and evolving clinical applications are introduced. Finally, the impact of multienergy CT technology on patient radiation dose is summarized.
Patch coupling in isogeometric analysis of solids in boundary representation using a mortar approach
Authors: Chasapi Margarita , Dornisch Wolfgang , Klinkel Sven 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis contribution is concerned with a coupling approach for nonconforming NURBS patches in the framework of an isogeometric formulation for solids in boundary representation. The boundary representation modeling technique in CAD is the starting point of this approach. We parameterize the solid according to the scaled boundary finite element method and employ NURBS basis functions for the approximation of the solution. Therefore, solid surfaces consist of several sections, which can be regarded as patches and discretized independently. The main objective of this study is to derive an approach for the connection of independent sections in order to allow for local refinement and thus an accurate and efficient discretization of the computational domain. Nonconforming sections are coupled with a mortar approach within a master‐slave framework. The coupling of adjacent sections ensures the equality of mutual deformations along the interface in a weak sense and is enforced by constraining the NURBS basis functions on the interface. We apply this approach to nonlinear problems in two dimensions and compare the results with conforming discretizations.
Funerary reuse of a Roman amphitheatre: Palaeodietary and osteological study of Early Middle Ages burials (8th and 9th centuries AD) discovered in the Arena of Verona (Northeastern Italy)
Authors: Laffranchi Zita , Mazzucchi Alessandra , Thompson Simon , Delgado‐Huertas Antonio , Granados‐Torres Arsenio , Milella Marco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe economic and political disruption following the collapse of the Roman Empire is an important moment for the cultural and biological history of Western Europe. One of the trends associated this socioeconomic change is the reuse of Roman public monuments for different purposes including funerary ones. The cultural meaning of this practice, occasionally described throughout Europe, is however still unclear. Here, we present a study of a group of burials (N= 10) recently discovered in the Roman amphitheatre (Arena) of Verona (Northeastern Italy) and dating to Early Middle Ages (8thand 9thcentury AD). Specifically, we address the following research questions: (1) What depositional events are responsible for the observed stratigraphic sequence? 2) Which demographic composition and health condition characterize this sample? (3) What kind of diet characterized these individuals? In order to address these questions, we performed an osteological and isotopic (δ13C and δ15N) study of the skeletal evidence for the assessment of palaeopathological and dietary patterns and a histological analysis for the refinement of age at death and the calculation of the minimum number of individuals (MNI). A14C study was also performed in order to better define the depositional sequence of these individuals. The results, besides being among the first palaeodietary data for Early Middle Ages in this region, highlight: (a) the funerary use of this location for at least one century; (b) an MNI of 10 individuals of both sexes and different age classes, featuring relatively high frequencies of unspecific stress markers (porotic hyperostosis and linear enamel hypoplasia) and trauma, and (c) a diet characterized by a consistent contribution of C4plants and a good access to animal proteins. These results suggest a long‐spanning practice and the absence of any selectivity in the choice of these individuals. Finally, isotopic data align with previous studies on Bronze and Iron Age samples confirming a long tradition of alimentary exploitation of C4plants in this area.
Structural, optical, and surface morphological studies of ethyl cellulose/graphene oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Khichar Kamal Kumar , Dangi Suraj Bhan , Dhayal Vimala , Kumar Upendra , Hashmi Sonia Zeba , Sadhu Veera , Choudhary Banwari Lal , Kumar Shalendra , Kaya Savaş , Kuznetsov Aleksey E. , Dalela Saurabh , Gupta Saral K. , Alvi Parvez Ahmad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMotivated by the outstanding properties and unique structure of graphene oxide (GO), the polymer nanocomposites of ethyl cellulose (EC) as a polymer matrix and the GO as a nano‐filler have been prepared with the different GO wt% concentrations using simple solution blending technique followed by the ultrasonication treatment and characterized by using various advanced techniques. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was utilized to determine the preliminary phase determination and for the structural analysis. The optical band gaps were determined with the help of UV‐Vis‐NIR spectrophotometer and were verified by the PL spectra using Spectro‐Fluorescence. According to experimental results, the optical bandgap of the nanocomposite was found to reduce with increasing GO content. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to study the surface morphology and to identify the presence of GO in the nanocomposites. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study has been carried out to recognize the presence of functional groups and their vibrational mechanisms. Micro‐Raman imaging technique has been used to determine the Raman bands present in the nanocomposites. The optical band gap of the nanocomposites reflects the semiconducting nature, which might be used in optoelectronic devices and sensor applications.
Hydrological impacts of near‐surface soil warming on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Li , Zhang Wenjiang , Lu Qifeng , Jiang Huiru , Tang Yi , Xiao Hongmin , Wang Genxu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClimate warming can cause intense changes in regional soil freeze/thaw dynamics and thus exerts strong effects on hydrological processes. Because permafrost conditions vary widely across the Tibetan Plateau (TP), a better understanding the potential influences of permafrost types is helpful to project future hydrological changes. Using multilayer soil temperatures from 45 meteorological stations, this study investigated regional near‐surface soil warming on the TP (1981–2015) and related hydrological implications in two typical alpine basins. In cold and warm seasons, near‐surface soil temperature gradient (0–5 cm) showed significant increasing trends with average rates of 0.31 ± 0.13 and 0.19 ± 0.08°C per decade (p < 0.05), respectively. This implied increasingly more heat transferred downward from the ground surface annually, which also appeared in the deeper layer (5–10 cm) but was relatively weaker. Our results also reflected that increasing warming tended to cause higher baseflow (0.66 m3 s−1 a−1, p < 0.10) and quicker groundwater recession (−0.05 per decade, p < 0.05) in the permafrost‐dominated (>60%) basin, but had much weaker hydrological effects in the low‐permafrost (<20%) basin. The contrasting responses suggested similar hydrological impacts related to the fraction of permafrost coverage as in the circum‐Arctic regions. Our study implies that the warming‐induced weakening of freezing process has complicated hydrological impacts in the Tibetan basins dependent on the fraction of permafrost coverage.
Feeding behavior of Frankliniella fusca on seedling cotton expressing Cry51Aa2.834_16 Bt toxin
Authors: D'Ambrosio Damon A , Kennedy George G , Huseth Anders S 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDTobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), is a pest of cotton. Currently, growers rely on neonicotinoid seed treatments to control F. fusca. However, the occurrence of neonicotinoid‐resistant F. fusca populations has created new challenges for their management. Development of thrips‐active Cry51Aa2.834_16 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin expressed in MON 88702 cotton will be an important new tactic for thrips management. Previous studies have shown that MON 88702 causes limited mortality of F. fusca adults and larvae but reduces infestations on seedling cotton by suppressing oviposition from colonizing adults. This suggests that the toxin affects host preference of adult F. fusca. Knowledge of the effect of this trait on F. fusca feeding behavior provides a more complete understanding of MON 88702 activity. Using electropenetrography, we compared the feeding behaviors of adult F. fusca females on MON 88702 cotton and a non‐Bt isoline cotton over 2 h. The number of probes, proportion of probes resulting in ingestion, total duration of ingestion, and duration of ingestion per event were measured.RESULTSOn MON 88702 seedlings, F. fusca probed and ingested fewer times than those on non‐Bt cotton. Probes on MON 88702 were less likely to lead to ingestion than on non‐Bt cotton. The total duration of ingestion and duration of ingestion per event did not differ between treatments.CONCLUSIONThe results show that MON 88702 has an antifeedant effect on F. fusca, which provides insight into behavioral responses driving MON 88702 aversion and anti‐oviposition documented in previous studies. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The relationship between features enabling SDHI fungicide binding to the Sc‐Sdh complex and its inhibitory activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Gao Yangyang , He Lifei , Zhu Jiamei , Cheng Jiagao , Li Beixing , Liu Feng , Mu Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA new generation of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) with high efficiency and broad‐spectrum antifungal activity has been frequently used in crop production. Sclerotinia stem rot is a major disease of various plants and crops caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Although benzovindiflupyr and isopyrazam reportedly have high activity against S. sclerotiorum, little is known about the bioactivity of different SDHIs classes against S. sclerotiorum or the mechanism of their differential antifungal activity.RESULTSThe in vitro tests revealed that the pyrazole‐4‐carboxamides of SDHIs (benzovindiflupyr, isopyrazam, fluxapyroxad, pydiflumetofen) had the highest activity against S. sclerotiorum followed by pyridine carboxamides (boscalid), pyridinyl‐ethyl benzamides (fluopyram) and thiazole carboxamides (thifluzamide), and of these thifluzamide showed poor antifungal activity with EC50 values greater than 6.01 mg L−1. The pyrazole‐4‐carboxamides of SDHIs showed satisfactory protective and curative activity against Sclerotinia stem rot. After treatment with the pyrazole‐4‐carboxamides of SDHIs, mitochondrial function in S. sclerotiorum decreased significantly. The enzyme activity assays revealed a lower affinity between thifluzamide and the Sc‐Sdh complex than was observed for the other six fungicides, with IC50 values ranging from 0.0036 to 1.2088 μmol L−1. Additionally, the docking positions of fungicides were similar, yet binding energies were different in the docking study with the Sdh complex. The correspondingly weaker hydrogen bonds may be responsible for the poor activity of thifluzamide against S. sclerotiorum.CONCLUSIONUnderstanding different binding features of various SDHIs classes with the Sc‐Sdh complex might be beneficial for the design and development of highly effective broad‐spectrum fungicides to ensure high yield and quality in crops by reducing fungicide use. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry