bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gendered Polarization and Abortion Policymaking in the States
Authors: Matthews Abigail A. , Kreitzer Rebecca J. , Schilling Emily U. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Widening, asymmetric polarization is evident in both the U.S. Congress and state legislatures. Recent work unveils a new dimension to this polarization story: newly elected Republican women are driving this polarization. Women are more likely to legislate on women’s issues than men, yet women’s shared interest in representing women doesn’t preclude their identity as partisans. In this article, we explore the effect of today’s political climate on state legislators’ policy representation of women’s issues. We ask what effect does gendered polarization have on women’s issues? To test this, we evaluate bill sponsorship in the states on the quintessential “women’s issue” of abortion. Our research design focuses on bill introductions and uses on an original dataset of pro- and anti-abortion rights bill introductions, which we analyze using an event count model. We find that overall polarization leads to the introduction of fewer restrictive abortion bills, but as polarization between women lawmakers grows, legislators are more likely to introduce anti-abortion rights legislation. Gender polarization has consequences on the types of bills legislators introduce and for how scholars should study polarization.
Assessment of impact mechanical behaviors of rock-like materials heated at 1,000°C
Authors: Liu Shi , Xu Jinyu , Fang Xinyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRock acts as a natural brittle material and demonstrates reactions to various dynamic disturbances and high temperature. Mechanical property fluctuations under high temperature and dynamic load for rock materials including marble, sandstone and granite are studied in an underground project of Qinling Mountain in China, exposed to 1,000°C treatments and different strain rate impact loadings. Two main research issues are explored: (1) variations of strength and failure modes of the same high-temperature rock type under different strain rate impact loadings. (2) Comparison of strength and failure modes of three high-temperature rock types under same strain rate impact loadings. Experimental results indicate that both 1,000°C temperature and the strain rate exert significant influence on dynamic compressive strength, and dynamic compressive increase factor and failure modes of three rock types. However, the influences of high temperature and strain rate on different rock types have obvious differences.
A downscaling cold model for solid flow behaviour in a top gas recycling-oxygen blast furnace
Authors: An Zhenlong , Wang Jingbin , Liu Yanjun , Liu Yingli , She Xuefeng , Wang Jingsong , Xue Qingguo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe top gas recycling-oxygen blast furnace (TGR-OBF) is a reasonable method used to reduce both coke rate and energy consumption in the steel industry. An important feature of this process is shaft gas injection. This article presents an experimental study on the gas–solid flow characteristics in a TGR-OBF using a two-dimensional cold model. The experimental conditions and parameters were determined using a series of similarity criteria. The results showed that the whole flow area in the TGR-OBF can be divided into four distinct flow zones, namely, the stagnant zone, the plug flow zone in the upper part of the shaft, the converging flow zone and the quasi-stagnant flow zone, which is similar to that in a traditional blast furnace. Then the effects of batch weight and the ratio (X) of the shaft injected gas flow rate to the total gas flow rate on solid flow behaviour were investigated in detail. With the increase in batch weight, the shape of the stagnant zone tends to be shorter and thicker. Furthermore, with the increase in X value from 0 to 1, the stagnant zone gradually becomes thinner and higher. The results obtained from the experiments provide fundamental data and a validation for the discrete element method–computational fluid dynamics-coupled mathematical model for TGR-OBFs for future studies.
Marketing and legal status of phytomedicines and food supplements in Morocco
Authors: Es-Safi Imane , Mechchate Hamza , Amaghnouje Amal , El Moussaoui Abdelfattah , Cerruti Pierfrancesco , Avella Maurizio , Grafov Andriy , Bousta Dalila 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The Phytomedicine (PM) and Food supplements (FS) Market is considerably growing in Morocco a review of state is necessarily to structure and improve it.

Methods
Information was collected directly from the pharmacist through a questionnaire-based survey who was conducted in 284 pharmacies in the region of Fez-Meknes in Morocco. Data were analyzed and classified using relative frequency of citations (RFC).

Results
More than 98% of the pharmacies commercialized the PM and FS, 80% of the pharmacists deny the existence of a real area dedicated to them, the majority (94%) of them prefer phytomedicine rather than classic drugs. This study reported about 64 products as the most used by the population of the region of Fez-Meknes among them 48 FS (75%) and 16 PM (25%) and the most marketed products are used for Transit Disorders (28.34%), then Anxiety (22.17%) and ENT Disease (20.18%).

Conclusions
Despite the fact that Morocco is a country where people use medicinal plants daily, the commercialization of the PM and FS is still unstructured. Due to legal problem the PM Sold in the market are mainly exported. To assure development and also valorization of this sector the regulation of this market is highly required.
Spatial optical transceiver system–based key solution for high data rates in measured index multimode optical fibers for indoor applications
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih , Hosen Md. Sazib , Paul Bikash Kumar , Ahmed Kawsar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study has simulated the spatial optical transceiver system based on measured index multimode optical plastic fibers channel with 1 Tb/s in 1.5 km distance. These plastic optical fibers are simply step index polycarbonate, step index polystyrene, step index polymethylmethacrylate, graded index polymethylmethacrylate and graded index cyclic transparent optical fiber (GI-CYTOP). Maximum Q-factor, optical signal power at optical fiber channel, receiver sensitivity, and coupling coefficient for sample of modes are measured based on GI-CYTOP fiber for the comparison between the previous model and the proposed model. This study clarified the enhancement of both maximum Q-factor and receiver sensitivity even though at high signal losses. The optimized Q-factor and receiver sensitivity are obtained for various plastic optical fiber channels. Power intensity level of dominant mode–based GI-CYTOP fiber channel is measured. The proposed model has presented better performance based on GI-CYTOP fiber channel in maximum Q-factor, which is within the percentage ratio ranging from 45.65 to 53.26%, optical signal power is within the percentage ratio ranging from 32.87 to 44.77%, and receiver sensitivity is within the percentage ratio ranging from 6.3 to 12.26% than the previous model at transmission distance ranges from 500 to 1500 m and bit rate of 2.5 Gb/s. GI-CYTOP fiber clarified better performance in maximum Q-factor and receiver sensitivity response better than other plastic optical fibers channels.
Islamic Finance as a Vehicle to Promote Improved Intellectual Property Rights in the Gulf Cooperation Council
Authors: Naim Nadia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to assess how Islamic finance can act as a vehicle to enhance the current intellectual property rights regime in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Islamic finance has developed within the constraints of sharia law and has been a growth sector for the GCC. This article will identify the main principles of Islamic finance that contribute to the success of Islamic finance, which can enhance intellectual property protection in the GCC. The main sharia-compliant areas to be considered are musharaka, mudaraba, murabaha, takaful, istisna, ijara, salam and sukuk. The article will outline the founding principles of Islamic finance, the governance of sharia boards, development of Islamic finance in the individual GCC states, different frameworks of sharia-compliant investment products and the impact of intellectual property rights on the varying Islamic finance investment tools. Furthermore, the article will discuss an integrated approach to intellectual property rights which learns lessons from the Islamic finance sector in relation to infrastructure, regulation and sharia compliance. The lessons learnt from Islamic finance will inform the overall framework of recommendations for an Islamic intellectual property model. The use of Islamic finance as a vehicle to promote better intellectual property rights in terms of defining a new intellectual property approach is novel. It is aimed at spearheading further research in this area, and it will form a part of the overall integrated approach proposals to intellectual property protection in the GCC and beyond.
Oblique nominals, a verbal affix and late merge
Authors: Kim Kyumin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to address the syntax of certain oblique nominals in Blackfoot (Algonquian) that are introduced by a set of verbal prefixes called linkers. In the literature, an oblique nominal introduced by a verbal affix always shows certain properties of objects, e.g., agreement. This type of affix is analyzed as forming a complex verb with the main verb via head movement, and the oblique nominal is treated as an object of the complex verb. However, this paper demonstrates that oblique nominals introduced by linkers in Blackfoot do not show certain object properties even though the linker looks like it forms a complex verb. Building on the lack of object properties, linker phrases are proposed to be adjuncts. As proposed for adjuncts generally (e.g., Stephanov, Arthur. 2001. Late adjunction and minimalist phrase structure.Syntax4(2). 94–125), this paper proposes a late merge analysis for linker phrases. Within an Agree-based model (Chomsky, Noam. 2000. Minimalist inquiries: The framework. In Roger Martin, David Michaels & Juan Uriagereka (eds.),Step by step: Essays on minimalist syntax in honor of Howard Lasnik, 89–155. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2001. Derivation by phase. In Michael Kenstowicz (ed.),Ken Hale: A life in language, 1–52. Cambridge: The MIT Press) where the derivation proceeds by phases (Chomsky 2008), a linker phrase, as an adjunct, lacks the relevant features to participate in the derivation via Agree, and thus it merges late at the end of a given phasal derivation such asvP. When spell out applies, the linker linearizes with a [V-v] complex in the base position, i.e.,vP, giving its surface appearance as a verbal affix. Under this view, a linker does not lead to formation of a complex verb as it does not undergo head movement to the verb, unlike applicative affixes, consistent with the absence of object properties.
A new approach in the context of ordered incomplete partial b-metric spaces
Authors: Rashid Tawseef , Jaradat Mohammed M. M. , Khan Qamrul Haq , Mitrović Zoran D. , Aydi Hassen , Mustafa Zead 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to find some fixed point results with a new approach, particularly in those cases where the existing literature remains silent. More precisely, we introduce partial completeness, f̄-orbitally completeness, a new type of contractions and many other notions. We also ensure the existence of fixed points for non-contraction maps in the class of incomplete partial b-metric spaces. We have reported some examples in support of our results.
Financial Markets as Financial Systems: A Philosophical Dialogue between Offshore Tax Haven Islands and Systemic Failures
Authors: D’Alvia Daniele 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with financial markets as forms of financial systems. For the first time theorised under a Luhmannian paradigm, markets are conceptualised as financial systems informed by four main structures: risk, uncertainty, competition, and financial innovation. According to Frank Knight, risk is a measurable entity and can always be calculated, but uncertainty is unmeasurable. Nonetheless, uncertainty constitutes the main catalyst for money creation processes in modern economies. In other words, it underpins profit rather than undermining it. For this reason, the modern financial actor is destined to fail. It must deal with uncertainty if it wants to make a profit, but at the same time it can experience only uncertainty, due to its unmeasurable nature. This has caused a profound dilemma between ‘uncertainty-aversion’ paradigms and self-regulation approaches. The paper argues for a mixed system of hybrid regulation, on the one hand to save the environments of tax haven islands via more transparent policies to tax those same offshore companies, and on the other to promote a system of co-operation between financial operators and the state. This is the only way to promote auto-regeneration processes for the whole financial system, because the system itself has already been programmed to fail, and systemic failures produce contagious effects, showing a deeper interconnection of financial systems tout court as well suggesting a cure via a spontaneous mechanism of auto-regeneration, or autopoiesis.
Mechanistic targets for BPH and prostate cancer–a review
Authors: Shah Abhishek , Shah Aarti Abhishek , K Nandakumar , Lobo Richard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
All men, almost, suffer from prostatic disorders in average life expectancy. In the year of 1950s, the first autopsy of prostate gland discovered the link between Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer (PCa). After that, many histology, biochemistry, epidemiology studies explained the association and associated risk factor for the same. From the various scientific evidence, it is proved that both diseases share some common transcription factors and signalling pathways. Still, BPH cannot be considered as the first step of PCa progression. To define, the relationship between both of the diseases, a well-defined large epidemiological study is needed. Along with androgen signalling, imbalanced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and microbial infection also crucial factors that significantly affect the pathogenesis of BPH. Various signalling pathways are involved in the progression of BPH. Androgen signalling is the driving force for the progress of PCa. In PCa androgen signalling is upregulated as compared to a healthy prostate. Some dominant Androgen-regulated genes and their functions have been discussed in this work.
Unconventional monetary policy in a nonlinear quadratic model
Authors: Faulwasser Timm , Gross Marco , Semmler Willi , Loungani Prakash 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
After the financial market meltdown and the Great Recession of the years 2007–9, the financial market-macro link has become an important issue in monetary policy modeling. We develop a dynamic model that contains a nonlinear Phillips curve, a dynamic output equation, and a nonlinear credit flow equation – capturing the importance of credit cycles, risk premia, and credit spreads. Our Nonlinear Quadratic Model (NLQ) model has three dynamic state equations and a quadratic objective function. It can be used to evaluate the response of central banks to the Great Recession in moving from conventional to unconventional monetary policy. We solve the model with a new numerical procedure using estimated parameters for the euro area. We conduct simulations to explore the (de)stabilizing effects of the nonlinearities in the model. We demonstrate that credit flows, risk premia, and credit spreads play an important role as an amplification mechanism and in affecting the transmission of monetary policy. We thereby highlight the importance of the natural rate of interest as an anchor for a central bank target and the weight it places on the credit flows for the effectiveness of unconventional monetary policy. Our model is similar in structure compared to larger scale macro-econometric models which many central banks employ.
The Idea of Israel as a Jewish State
Authors: Patten Alan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIsrael is often described as a Jewish state and as the locus of Jewish self-determination. How should these phrases be understood? How can they be squared with a commitment to equal citizenship for non-Jewish Israelis? This Article distinguishes between descriptive and normative answers to these questions. The descriptive answer interprets the phrases as referring to the fact that a majority of Israelis are Jewish. The normative answer reads into the phrases a special obligation to promote the common good of the Jewish people. The Article argues that the phrases are unobjectionable when taken in the descriptive sense, but problematic when understood in the normative sense. A state that is guided by the normative answer would offer inadequate protection to key interests of minorities. The critique of the normative answer also points to the more positive conclusion that Israel should foster an Israeli civic identity amongst all its citizens.
A systematic review of botany, phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of “Hoja sant
a” (Piper auritum Kunth)
Authors: Salleh Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Hoja santa (Piper auritum) refers to an important presence in Mexican cuisine. The information of this review article was gathered from several electronic sources such as Scopus, Medline, Scielo, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Lilacs. Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of benzoic acid derivatives, phenylpropanoids and triterpenoids, while the essential oils have shown its richness in safrole, hence it has several activities, such as antioxidant, toxicity, insecticidal, anti-diabetic and cytotoxic properties. This review is expected to draw the attention of medical professionals and the general public towards P. auritum as well as to open the door for detailed research in the future.
Early development of human ganglionic eminences assessed in vitro by using 7.04 Tesla micro-MRI – a pilot study
Authors: Boitor-Borza Dan , Turcu Flavius , Farcasanu Stefan , Crivii Carmen 
Published: September 2020

Background and aims. Ganglionic eminences are temporary structures which appear during the 5th week post-fertilization on the floor of telencephalic vesicles and disappear until the 35th week of gestation. The aim of this descriptive study of morphological research is to depict the ganglionic eminences within the embryonic and early fetal brains by using micro-MRI.
Methods. Six human embryos and fetuses ranging from 21 mm crown-rump length CRL (9 gestational week GW) to 85 mm CRL (14 GW) were examined in vitro by micro-MRI. The investigation was performed with a Bruker BioSpec 70/16USR scanner (Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany) operating at 7.04 Tesla.
Results. We describe the morphological characteristics of the ganglionic eminences at different gestational ages. The acquisition parameters were modified for each subject in order to obtain an increased spatial resolution. The remarkable spatial resolution of 27 µm/voxel allows visualization of millimetric structures of the developing brain on high quality micro-MR images.
Conclusion. In our study we give the description of the ganglionic eminences within the embryonic and early fetal brains by using micro-MRI, which have not been previously documented in literature. Micro-MRI provides accurate images, which are comparable with the histological slices.
Predictors of mortality in neonatal septicemia in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Gosai Dhara , Shah Bela H. , S. Jyothi 
Published: September 2020

Background: Neonatal septicemia continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity in new-borns all over the world. Aim and objectives of the study were determining the risk factors for mortality in neonatal septicemia.Methods: A retrospective observational study of the demographics, clinical features and laboratory parameters of 100 neonates admitted in NICU of a tertiary care hospital from September 2019 to March 2020.Results: 67% of neonates delivered outside centre and 33% of neonates delivered at centre were found to have sepsis exclusively based on culture positivity. A significant association was found between very low birth rate (VLBW) (p value<0.001), prematurity (p value<0.01) and high neonatal mortality. Among the different clinical presentations of neonatal sepsis, lethargy (p value<0.02), apnea (p value<0.01) and hypothermia (p value<0.02) were found to be frequently associated with neonatal mortality. Further, C-reactive protein (CRP) positivity (p value<0.003), hyperglycaemia (p value<0.0009) and thrombocytopenia (p value<0.0009) were also associated with high neonatal mortality. Gram positive bacteria were frequently isolated from blood cultures of deceased neonates, Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) (36.1%), being the commonest bacteria followed by B. subtilis (11.1%), Klebsiella spp. (11.1%) and Acinetobacter spp. (8.3%).Conclusion: Demographic factors like VLBW, prematurity, outborn deliveries, clinical and laboratory parameters like lethargy, apnea, hypothermia, thrombocytopenia and hyperglycemia are strong predictors of mortality in neonatal.
Characteristic of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients: early findings from a tertiary care center, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: G. Babitha Rexlin , M. Suresh P. 
Published: September 2020

Background: The planet faces a new challenge with COVID-19 disease caused by novel SARS-CoV2. Pediatric COVID-19 is considered to be mild. Methods: The study aim was to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings and outcome of a cohort of paediatric patients according to Ministry of health and family welfare (MOHFW) criteria, at KKGMCH a tertiary care facility in Kanyakumari district. It’s a retrospective chart review including data of children aged 0 to 12 years with COVID-19 from 20 March to 19 July 2020. Results: Of the 137 children with COVID-19, 17 (12.45%) were infants, 65 (35%) were 1-5 years and 72 (52.55%) were 6-12 years. Age didn’t have influence on acquiring the illness as p value is 0.125. Age had no influence on severity too as p value is 0.28. 46.7% were female and 53.3% were male. There was an apparent male preponderance with (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.21) but a non-significant p value of 0.54. of the 34 (24.8%) mild symptomatic, 22 (64.7%) were males and 12 (35.2%) were females. The p value is 0.086 stating gender non-influential on severity. 129 (94.1%) children had contact history. The contacts were parents or close relatives. No child with comorbidity presented during this period. Most common clinical features were fever (8.76%), cough (6.6%), rhinorrhoea (2.2%), vomiting (2.9%) and diarrhoea (1.5%). Children never progressed to severe respiratory illness requiring intensive care as per MOHFW criteria. 1 (0.7%) presented with focal consolidation in chest x-ray. All 137 (100%) children got cured.Conclusion: Study concludes pediatric COVID-19 is a mild disease without mortality at beginning of pandemic in Kanyakumari district. Factors like age and gender neither influenced the occurrence of the disease nor the severity.