bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social and programmatic interactions in a therapeutic community for women: an exponential random graph model analysis
Authors: Cao Qiuchang , Liao Li , Warren Keith Leverett 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
To analyze networks of social interactions between the residents of a therapeutic community (TC) for women and the way, in which such interactions predict the discussion of issues that arise in treatment.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 50 residents of a corrections-based TC for women were surveyed on the peers with whom they socialized informally, shared meals, shared letters from home and discussed issues that arose in treatment over a 12 h period. The data were analyzed using exponential random graph models (ERGM).

Findings
Reciprocity occurred in all networks while transitivity (a tendency of two residents who are connected to both connect to a third peer) occurred in all networks measuring informal social interactions. When controlling for reciprocity and transitivity, residents avoided spending social time or sharing meals with the same peers. There was no evidence of homophily by race, age or years of education. Homophily by entrance time and case manager occurred in social time. Case manager homophily occurred in the discussion of treatment issues but disappeared when controlling for social time and sharing letters from home.

Research limitations/implications
Social networks in this TC arise from factors endogenous to the TC itself. It should be possible to determine the characteristics of optimal social networks in TCs. External validity is limited.

Practical implications
It should be possible to intervene to optimize the social networks of TC residents.

Originality/value
This is the first ERGM analysis of both informal and formal interactions in a TC.
Cascading effects of climate variability on the breeding success of an edge population of an apex predator
Authors: Gangoso Laura , Viana Duarte S. , Dokter Adriaan M. , Shamoun‐Baranes Judy , Figuerola Jordi , Barbosa Sergio A. , Bouten Willem 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Large‐scale environmental forces can influence biodiversity at different levels of biological organization. Climate, in particular, is often associated with species distributions and diversity gradients. However, its mechanistic link to population dynamics is still poorly understood.

Here, we unravelled the full mechanistic path by which a climatic driver, the Atlantic trade winds, determines the viability of a bird population.

We monitored the breeding population of Eleonora's falcons in the Canary Islands for over a decade (2007–2017) and integrated different methods and data to reconstruct how the availability of their prey (migratory birds) is regulated by trade winds. We tracked foraging movements of breeding adults using GPS, monitored departure of migratory birds using weather radar and simulated their migration trajectories using an individual‐based, spatially explicit model.

We demonstrate that regional easterly winds regulate the flux of migratory birds that is available to hunting falcons, determining food availability for their chicks and consequent breeding success. By reconstructing how migratory birds are pushed towards the Canary Islands by trade winds, we explain most of the variation (up to 86%) in annual productivity for over a decade.

This study unequivocally illustrates how a climatic driver can influence local‐scale demographic processes while providing novel evidence of wind as a major determinant of population fitness in a top predator.
Microbial community and transcriptional responses to increased temperatures in coral Pocillopora damicornis holobiont
Authors: Li Jie , Long Lijuan , Zou Yiyang , Zhang Si 
Published: July 2020

SummaryA few studies have holistically examined successive changes in coral holobionts in response to increased temperatures. Here, responses of the coral host Pocillopora damicornis, its Symbiodiniaceae symbionts, and associated bacteria to increased water temperatures were investigated. High temperatures induced bleaching, but no coral mortality was observed. Transcriptome analyses showed that P. damicornis responded more quickly to elevated temperatures than its algal symbionts. Numerous genes putatively associated with apoptosis, exocytosis, and autophagy were upregulated in P. damicornis, suggesting that Symbiodiniaceae can be eliminated or expelled through these mechanisms when P. damicornis experiences heat stress. Furthermore, apoptosis in P. damicornis is presumably induced through tumour necrosis factor and p53 signalling and caspase pathways. The relative abundances of several coral disease‐associated bacteria increased at 32°C, which may affect immune responses in heat‐stressed corals and potentially accelerates the loss of algal symbionts. Additionally, consistency of Symbiodiniaceae community structures under heat stress suggests non‐selective loss of Symbiodiniaceae. We propose that heat stress elicits interrelated response mechanisms in all parts of the coral holobiont.
Community succession of the grapevine fungal microbiome in the annual growth cycle
Authors: Liu Di , Howell Kate 
Published: July 2020

SummaryMicrobial ecology and activity in wine production influences grapevine health and productivity, conversion of sugar to ethanol during fermentation, wine aroma, wine quality and distinctiveness. Fungi in the vineyard ecosystem are not well described. Here, we characterized the spatial and temporal dynamics of fungal communities associated with the grapevine (grapes, flowers, leaves, and roots) and soils over an annual growth cycle in two vineyards to investigate the influences of grape habitat, plant developmental stage (flowering, fruit set, veraison, and harvest), vineyards, and climatic conditions. Fungi were influenced by both the grapevine habitat and plant development stage. The core microbiome was prioritized over space and time, and the identified core members drove seasonal community succession. The developmental stage of veraison, where the grapes undergo a dramatic change in metabolism and start accumulating sugar, coincided with a distinct shift in fungal communities. Co‐occurrence networks showed strong correlations between the plant microbiome, the soil microbiome, and weather indices. Our study describes the complex ecological dynamics that occur in microbial assemblages over a growing season and highlight succession of the core community in vineyards.
Exploring corruption in fisheries
Authors: Yan Yifei , Graycar Adam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper explores corruption in global fisheries. While reducing corruption is critical for the effective management of the fisheries sector and the fulfilment of the UN's sustainable development goals (SDGs, and SDGs14 and 16 in particular), to do so, it is necessary to first have a systematic and comprehensive understanding of what corruption is and how it is manifested in the sector. There is literature on illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing, but not much on corruption. The paper proposes an analytical framework and applies it with six revelatory cases to improve the conceptual clarity of corruption in fisheries. Specific corruption problems found in licensing, negotiating access agreements, lax enforcement, extortion, political corruption, money laundering and tax manipulation, human trafficking, etc. can therefore be better identified through this analysis, which lays a base for systematic responses to tackling corruption in fisheries and accordingly furthering the sustainable development of the sector.
Juvenile Sexual Murderers: Examination and Classification of the Crime‐Commission Process
Authors: Chopin Julien , Beauregard Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aims to empirically explore the crime‐commission process of juvenile sexual homicide offenders (SHOs). First, a comparison between the crime‐commission process of juvenile and adult SHOs is undertaken, while as a second step, this study also provides an empirical classification specific to juvenile SHOs. The sample used in this study consists of 55 juvenile SHOs and 281 adult SHOs. A sequential binomial regression was used to compare at the multivariate level the two groups of offenders, while a latent class analysis was used to examine the relationships between each step of the crime‐commission process of juvenile SHOs. Our findings suggest that the crime‐commission process of juvenile SHOs present differences when compared with adult SHOs. Moreover, we identified four different patterns in juvenile sexual homicide: explosive opportunistic, sadistic, overcontrolled anger, and predator. Theoretical and practical implications in terms of criminal investigations as well as offenders’ management and treatment are discussed.
Initial Study for the Determination of the Sequence of Intersecting Lines between Gel Pens and Seals by Optical Coherence Tomography*
Authors: Zhang Ning , Jiang Peng , Wang Weixin , Wang Chengming , Xie Lanchi , Li Zhigang , Huang Wei , Shi Gaojun , Wang Lei , Yan Yuwen , Gao Shuhui 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTDetermining the sequence of intersecting lines is a significant issue in the forensic document examination that can reveal the fraud or distinguish between different allegations. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high‐resolution cross‐sectional imaging technique that has been introduced into forensic science field recently. The potential of OCT as a novel method to determine the sequence of intersecting lines was examined for the first time. In this study, a spectral‐domain OCT system with a center wavelength of 900 nm was employed to perform nondestructive examination on determining the sequence of 18 heterogeneous intersecting line samples produced using three types of gel pens and three brands of stamp pad ink seals. Two‐dimensional (2D) cross‐sectional, and three‐dimensional (3D) volumetric images of the intersecting lines were obtained by the OCT system. Several features were noted and analyzed to successfully determine the sequence of all the 18 samples. Blind tests were also conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of OCT technique. The results illustrate that OCT technology can provide an effective and accurate method for sequencing intersecting lines of gel pen ink and seal ink, which may complement the conventional methods used in the examination of questioned documents.
Gun victimization in the line of duty
Authors: Sierra‐Arévalo Michael , Nix Justin 
Published: July 2020

Research SummaryUsing open‐source data from the Gun Violence Archive (GVA), we analyze national‐ and state‐level trends in fatal and nonfatal firearm assaults of U.S. police officers from 2014 to 2019 (N = 1,467). Results show that (a) most firearm assaults are nonfatal, (b) there is no compelling evidence that the national rate of firearm assault on police has substantially increased during the last 6 years, and (c) there is substantial state‐level variation in rates of firearm assault on police officers.Policy ImplicationsGVA has decided strengths relative to existing data sources on police victimization and danger in policing. We consider the promises and pitfalls of this and other open‐source data sets in policing research and recommend that recent state‐level improvements in use‐of‐force data collection be replicated and expanded to include data on violence against police.
Sex differences in symptoms, high‐resolution manometry values and efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy in Chinese patients with achalasia
Authors: Xu Ying , Ye Bi Xing , Wang Yan , Bao Yun , Chen Xiao Su , Tang Yu Rong , Lin Lin , Jiang Liu Qin 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to identify the differences in symptoms, high‐resolution manometry (HRM) characteristics, and the efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) regarding patients' sex in achalasia.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with achalasia by HRM who underwent POEM and were followed up for more than 6 months were included. The individual characteristics, symptoms and signs, POEM findings, HRM results and potentially related complications in male and female patients were reviewed.ResultsPrior to POEM, dysphagia was more severe in female than male patients (P = 0.044), while regurgitation was more severe (P = 0.013) and heartburn was more common in male patients (P = 0.003). Regarding HRM characteristics, the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) was higher (P = 0.01) and length of esophagus was shorter in female patients than in male patients. Eckardt scores, LESP and integrated relaxation pressure were significantly improved after the POEM procedure (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the sexes regarding the efficacy of POEM, reflux symptoms, HRM data and complications after POEM.ConclusionsBefore they seek treatment, female patients with achalasia may experience severe dysphagia and male patients are more likely to experience heartburn and more severe regurgitation. POEM is a safe and effective option for treating both male and female patients with achalasia.
Invasion of a Widespread, Non‐Native Grass Causes Downstream Reductions in Bioavailable Silica
Authors: Triplett Laura D. , Tal Michal , Wagner Zachary , Kettenring Karin M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study shows that riverine riparian (shoreline) zones — and plant management decisions made therein — can measurably influence the availability of silica delivered to lower reaches of rivers, estuaries, and some coastal oceans. The aims were to determine how much silica is sequestered by riparian vegetation in a river, and what processes govern that effect. We used the invasion and rapid spread of the non‐native grass Phragmites australis (common reed) in the Platte River (central United States) to quantify the biochemical and physical mechanisms by which silica is removed from the river flow and stored in sediments. Specifically, we measured bioavailable silica in sediment, native and non‐native vegetation biomass, and river water over a period of four years. The robust biomass production and high silica content of Phragmites led to biochemical production of amorphous silica particles (ASi) that was 1.5× higher than native willow and 2× higher than native Phragmites. And, the denser growth habit of non‐native Phragmites contributed to more rapid physical sequestration of ASi than with other vegetation. Altogether, the rapid vegetation change due to this invasion caused sequestered silica to increase 1.5× in this reach, which is ~7% of the Platte’s annual silica load. Subsequent Phragmites eradication efforts, wherein the plants were sprayed with herbicide and left physically intact, allowed rapid silica remobilization but it was highly variable.
Probing SWATH‐MS as a tool for proteome level quantification in a nonmodel fish
Authors: Monroe Alison A. , Zhang Huoming , Schunter Celia , Ravasi Timothy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantitative proteomics via mass spectrometry can provide valuable insight into molecular and phenotypic characteristics of a living system. Recent mass spectrometry developments include data‐independent acquisition (SWATH/DIA‐MS), an accurate, sensitive and reproducible method for analysing the whole proteome. The main requirement for this method is the creation of a comprehensive spectral library. New technologies have emerged producing larger and more accurate species‐specific libraries leading to a progressive collection of proteome references for multiple molecular model species. Here, for the first time, we set out to compare different spectral library constructions using multiple tissues from a coral reef fish to demonstrate its value and feasibility for nonmodel organisms. We created a large spectral library composed of 12,553 protein groups from liver and brain tissues. Via identification of differentially expressed proteins under fish exposure to elevated pCO2 and temperature, we validated the application and usefulness of these different spectral libraries. Successful identification of significant differentially expressed proteins from different environmental exposures occurred using the library with a combination of data‐independent and data‐dependent acquisition methods as well as both tissue types. Further analysis revealed expected patterns of significantly up‐regulated heat shock proteins in a dual condition of ocean warming and acidification indicating the biological accuracy and relevance of the method. This study provides the first reference spectral library for a nonmodel organism. It represents a useful guide for future building of accurate spectral library references in nonmodel organisms allowing the discovery of ecologically relevant changes in the proteome.
Aberrant HDAC3 expression correlates with brain metastasis in breast cancer patients
Authors: Ma Li , Qi Lisha , Li Shuangjing , Yin Qiang , Liu Jinmei , Wang Jingyi , She Chunhua , Li Peng , Liu Qun , Wang Xiaoguang , Li Wenliang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBrain metastasis is an unsolved clinical problem in breast cancer patients due to its poor prognosis and high fatality rate. Although accumulating evidence has shown that some pan‐histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can relieve breast cancer brain metastasis, the specific HDAC protein involved in this process is unclear. Thus, identifying a specific HDAC protein closely correlated with breast cancer brain metastasis will not only improve our understanding of the functions of the HDAC family but will also help develop a novel target for precision cancer therapy.MethodsImmunohistochemical staining of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 in 161 samples from breast invasive ductal carcinoma patients, including 63 patients with brain metastasis, was performed using the standard streptavidin‐peroxidase method. The relationships between HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 and overall survival/brain metastasis‐free survival/post‐brain metastatic survival were evaluated using Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox regression analyses.ResultsHDAC1, HDAC2, and cytoplasmic HDAC3 all displayed typical oncogenic characteristics and were independent prognostic factors for the overall survival of breast cancer patients. Only cytoplasmic HDAC3 was an independent prognostic factor for brain metastasis‐free survival. Cytoplasmic expression of HDAC3 was further upregulated in the brain metastases compared with the matched primary tumors, while nuclear expression was downregulated. The HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 expression levels in the brain metastases were not correlated with survival post‐brain metastasis.ConclusionsOur studies first demonstrate a critical role for HDAC3 in the brain metastasis of breast cancer patients and it may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the vigorously developing field of precision medicine.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyCytoplasmic HDAC3 is an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival and brain metastasis‐free survival of breast cancer patients.What this study addsCytoplasmic expression of HDAC3 was further upregulated in the brain metastases compared with the matched primary tumours, while nuclear expression was downregulated.
Impact of white‐spotting alleles, including W20, on phenotype in the American Paint Horse
Authors: Brooks S. A. , Palermo K. M. , Kahn A. , Hein J. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe American Paint Horse Association (APHA) records pedigree and performance information for their breed, a stock‐type horse valued as a working farm or ranch horse and as a pleasure horse. As the name implies, the breed is also valued for its attractive white‐spotting patterns on the coat. The APHA utilizes visual inspections of photographs to determine if coat spotting exceeds threshold anatomical landmarks considered characteristic of desirable patterns. Horses with sufficient white patterning enter the ‘Regular’ registry, rather than the ‘Solid Paint‐Bred’ division, providing a threshold modeled phenotype. Genetic studies previously defined sequence variants corresponding to 35 alleles for white spotting in the horse. Here, we calculate the allele frequencies for nine common white‐spotting alleles in the American Paint Horse using a sample of 1054 registered animals. The APHA spotting phenotype is altered by additive interactions among spotting loci, and epistatically by the MC1R and ASIP genes controlling pigment production. The W20 allele within the KIT gene, independent of other known spotting alleles, was strongly associated with the APHA‐defined white‐spotting phenotype (P = 1.86 × 10−18), refuting reports that W20 acts only as a modifier of other underlying white‐spotting patterns. The parentage of an individual horse, either American Paint or American Quarter Horse, did not alter the likelihood of its entering the APHA Regular Registry. An empirical definition of the action of these genetic loci on the APHA‐defined white‐spotting phenotype will allow more accurate application of genome‐assisted selection for improving color production and the marketability of APHA horses.
Ultrastructural characteristics of black marsh turtle spermatozoa obtained by electroejaculation
Authors: Kimsakulvech Sakdichod , Suttiyotin Peerasak 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe black marsh turtle (Geoemydidae: Siebenrockiella crassicollis) is a freshwater turtle that occurs in equatorial tropical climates in South East Asia. The semen of S. crassicollis was investigated by electroejaculation. The spermatozoa of S. crassicollis are filiform in shape with curved heads. The entire length, midpiece to tail length, tail width and tail length of the spermatozoa were 71.33 ± 1.55 μm, 49.92 ± 1.13 μm, 0.43 ± 0.02 μm and 48.53 ± 0.25 μm, respectively. The head length, head width across the middle and head width across the base were 14.00 ± 0.38 μm, 0.79 ± 0.03 μm and 0.91 ±0.0.03 μm, respectively. The acrosomal region of the S. crassicollis spermatozoa was narrower than the head, with an acrosomal length and width at the annulus of 2.90 ± 0.13 μm and 0.43 ± 0.01 μm, respectively. The midpiece of the S. crassicollis spermatozoa was narrower than the head and contained 30–40 mitochondrial balls, each with a ball diameter of 0.16 ± 0.002 μm. The midpiece length, midpiece width and tail length were 4.92 ± 0.16, 0.78 ± 0.03 and 48.53 ± 0.25 μm, respectively. This study presents the characteristic appearance of a freshwater turtle spermatozoa in Southeast Asia, as observed under an electron microscope. The spermatozoa of Siebenrockiella crassicollis are morphologically different from those of other freshwater turtles from other regions described in previous studies.
BAP1‐inactivated melanocytic tumour with borderline histopathological features (BAP1‐inactivated melanocytoma): A case report and a reappraisal
Authors: Ferrara Gerardo , Mariani Maria Paola , Auriemma Matteo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe describe a case of BRCA1‐associated protein (BAP1)‐inactivated melanocytic tumour (BIMT) in a 22‐year‐old woman, documenting for the first time with dermoscopy its sudden development with the onset of an atypical vascular pattern within a Miescher naevus. The tumour was histopathologically atypical because of the presence of confluent pleomorphism, solid sheets of cells and grouped mitotic figures: these features were consistent with a melanocytic neoplasm with intermediate morphology (‘BAP1‐inactivated melanocytoma’; BIM) between a BAP1‐inactivated melanocytic naevus and a BAP1‐inactivated melanoma. The atypical histopathological features of the present case were different from the criteria quoted for BIM in the World Health Organization 2018 classification of skin tumours.