bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid transit in the left-sided colon is related to poor defecatory function at early period after stoma closure
Authors: Yoo Ri Na , Cho Hyeon-Min , Kye Bong-Hyeon , Kim Hyung Jin , Shin Sukhyun , Kim Gun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSphincter-saving surgery (SSS) is the gold standard for rectal cancer surgery but results in a wide spectrum of bowel dysfunction. This study investigated the impact of colonic dysmotility on the incontinent form of bowel dysfunction. Bowel function of patients who received SSS with loop ileostomy for treating rectal cancer was reviewed retrospectively from June 2013 two August 2015 at a single hospital. Immediately after closure of a diverting stoma, patients were tested for the colonic transit time (CTT) using radiopaque markers. Bowel dysfunction at 6 and 12 months after SSS was measured as the severity of fecal incontinence according to the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS) and the use of an anti-diarrheal drug. A short CTT for the left colonic segment was significantly associated with the high CCIS and use of an antidiarrheal agent at 6 months after sphincter preservation. However, the CTT didn’t correlate with the CCIS at 12 months after SSS. Rather, age and surgical method demonstrated a significant association. Colonic dysmotility after SSS appears to intensify fecal incontinence for a relatively short period. Its impact abates within a year.
Hypoosmotic stress induces flagellar biosynthesis and swimming motility in Escherichia albertii
Authors: Ikeda Tetsuya , Shinagawa Toshie , Ito Takuya , Ohno Yuta , Kubo Akiko , Nishi Junichiro , Gotoh Yasuhiro , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Ooka Tadasuke , Hayashi Tetsuya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBacteria use flagella as propellers to move to favorable environments. Escherichia albertii, a growing cause of foodborne illness and diarrhea, is reportedly non-motile and lacks flagella on its surface. Here, we report that 27 out of 59 E. albertii strains, collected mainly from humans and birds, showed swimming motility when cultured at low osmotic pressure. The biosynthesis of flagella in E. albertii cells was induced under ambient temperature and hypoosmotic pressure: conditions which resemble aquatic environments. Flagellar induction increased E. albertii survival in the intestinal epithelial cell culture containing gentamicin. Although genes involved in chemotaxis are not present in the E. albertii genome, the addition of glutamic acid, an amino acid known to regulate the internal cell osmolarity, augmented the proportion of swimming cells by 35-fold. These results suggest that flagellar biosynthesis and motility in E. albertii cells are controlled by their internal and external osmolarity.
Single-molecule imaging of PI(4,5)P2 and PTEN in vitro reveals a positive feedback mechanism for PTEN membrane binding
Authors: Yoshioka Daisuke , Fukushima Seiya , Koteishi Hiroyasu , Okuno Daichi , Ide Toru , Matsuoka Satomi , Ueda Masahiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPTEN, a 3-phosphatase of phosphoinositide, regulates asymmetric PI(3,4,5)P3 signaling for the anterior-posterior polarization and migration of motile cells. PTEN acts through posterior localization on the plasma membrane, but the mechanism for this accumulation is poorly understood. Here we developed an in vitro single-molecule imaging assay with various lipid compositions and use it to demonstrate that the enzymatic product, PI(4,5)P2, stabilizes PTEN’s membrane-binding. The dissociation kinetics and lateral mobility of PTEN depended on the PI(4,5)P2 density on artificial lipid bilayers. The basic residues of PTEN were responsible for electrostatic interactions with anionic PI(4,5)P2 and thus the PI(4,5)P2-dependent stabilization. Single-molecule imaging in living Dictyostelium cells revealed that these interactions were indispensable for the stabilization in vivo, which enabled efficient cell migration by accumulating PTEN posteriorly to restrict PI(3,4,5)P3 distribution to the anterior. These results suggest that PI(4,5)P2-mediated positive feedback and PTEN-induced PI(4,5)P2 clustering may be important for anterior-posterior polarization.
Development of smart anti-glycan reagents using immunized lampreys
Authors: McKitrick Tanya R. , Goth Christoffer K. , Rosenberg Charles S. , Nakahara Hirotomo , Heimburg-Molinaro Jamie , McQuillan Alyssa M. , Falco Rosalia , Rivers Nicholas J. , Herrin Brantley R. , Cooper Max D. , Cummings Richard D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStudies on the expression of cellular glycans are limited by a lack of sensitive tools that can discriminate specific structural features. Here we describe the development of a robust platform using immunized lampreys (Petromyzon marinus), which secrete variable lymphocyte receptors called VLRBs as antibodies, for generating libraries of anti-glycan reagents. We identified a wide variety of glycan-specific VLRBs detectable in lamprey plasma after immunization with whole fixed cells, tissue homogenates, and human milk. The cDNAs from lamprey lymphocytes were cloned into yeast surface display (YSD) libraries for enrichment by multiple methods. We generated VLRB-Ig chimeras, termed smart anti-glycan reagents (SAGRs), whose specificities were defined by microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry. 15 VLRB antibodies were discovered that discriminated between linkages, functional groups and unique presentations of the terminal glycan motif. The development of SAGRs will enhance future studies on glycan expression by providing sequenced, defined antibodies for a variety of research applications.
Schizandrin A exhibits potent anticancer activity in colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting heat shock factor 1
Authors: Chen Bing-chen , Tu Shi-liang , Zheng Bo-an , Dong Quan-jin , Wan Zi-ang , Dai Qiao-qiong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a powerful multifaceted oncogenic modifier that plays a role in maintaining the protein balance of cancer cells under various stresses. In recent studies, there have been reports of increased expression of HSF1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and the depletion of the HSF1 gene knockdown has inhibited colon cancer growth both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, HSF1 is a promising target for colon cancer treatment and chemoprevention. In the present study, we found that Schizandrin A (Sch A) significantly inhibited the growth of CRC cell lines by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and death. Through HSE luciferase reporter assay and quantitative PCR (qPCR), we identified Sch A as a novel HSF1 inhibitor. In addition, Sch A could effectively inhibit the induction of HSF1 target proteins such as heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 (HSP70) and HSP27, whether in heat shock or normal temperature culture. In the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) experiment, Sch A showed moderate affinity with HSF1, further confirming that Sch A might be a direct HSF1 inhibitor. The molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation results of HSF1/Sch A suggested that Sch A formed key hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions with HSF1, which may contribute to its potent HSF1 inhibition. These findings provide clues for the design of novel HSF1 inhibitors and drug candidates for colon cancer treatment.
Ein (nicht ganz so) klarer Fall
Authors: Jahn Claus 
Published: February 2020

SummaryMit typischen Anämiezeichen stellt sich eine junge, sportliche Patientin vor, darunter Blässe, Erschöpfung, Atemnot, Herzklopfen sowie erniedrigte Eisen, Hb- und Hämatokritwerte. Wie sich zeigt, ist exzessiver Sport ursächlich beteiligt, aber auch die bislang maskierte und unentdeckte Kupferspeicherkrankheit Morbus Wilson. Mit einer Kombination aus alpha-Liponsäure, Zink, Eisen, Vitamin B12, Folsäure, Lebensstil- und Ernährungsumstellung bessert sich der Zustand innerhalb von acht Wochen erheblich.
Notfall Psyche – Diagnostik und Krisenintervention in der Präklinik
Authors: Jordan Wolfgang 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDer psychiatrische Notfall gehört zu den häufigsten Einsatzursachen für Notärzte. Der Beitrag bietet einen Leitfaden zum Umgang mit Menschen in seelischer Not: von der Orientierung im Notfallgeschehen über eine Zusammenstellung der häufigsten Krankheitsbilder, die Vorstellung spezieller Techniken zur Krisenintervention bis hin zu pharmakologischen Aspekten.
“Avaliação do uso de ergogênicos por praticantes de academia no Noroeste e Nordeste do estado de São Paulo”
Authors: Filho Durval Ribas , da Silva Fillipe de Biaggi Borges , Botura Renan Isa 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOO presente estudo visa analisar o perfil do praticante de atividade física que faz uso de suplementos alimentares ergogênicos, baseando-se no seu gênero, idade, índice de massa corporal(IMC), escolaridade e os suplementos nutricionais utilizados. Foram entrevistados 229 praticantes através de questionário em 7 cidades do Nordeste e Noroeste paulista: Ribeirão Preto, Jaboticabal, Cajuru, Taquaritinga, Catanduva, São José do Rio Preto e Pindorama. Destes 229, 100 (43,6%) utilizavam ergogênicos nutricionais, sendo 69 (69%) homens e 31 (31%) mulheres. A faixa etária média foi de 26,8 anos tendo como valores mínimo e máximo respectivamente 15 e 60 anos; o IMC médio foi de 24,95; e a escolaridade prevalente foi o Terceiro Grau completo ou incompleto, sendo o incompleto composto por estudantes. Os suplementos mais utilizados em geral foram: ricos em proteína (73%), aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada (36%), ricos em carboidratos (35%) e creatina (29%); lembrando que os usuários poderiam consumir mais de um ergogênico nutricional. No público masculino, os suplementos mais utilizados foram: ricos em proteína (80%), aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada(39%), ricos em carboidratos (39%) e creatina (36%); já o feminino foram: ricos em proteína (58%), queimadores de gordura (32%), aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada (29%) e ricos em carboidratos (26%). O perfil geral do usuário aponta para um indivíduo jovemadulto na faixa etária entre 20 a 30 anos, com ensino superior e IMC de 24,9 kg/m, mostrando sua preocupação tanto física quanto nutricional.
The progressive form and its functions in spoken learner English
Authors: Meriläinen Lea 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Present-day English manifests ongoing changes in the frequency and semantic range of the progressive form, which presents a
challenge for foreign language learners. This study examines the frequencies and semantic functions of the progressive in the
Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage with the aim of finding out to what extent
learners are adopting the ongoing changes. This study analyses the effects of an exposure-rich learning environment by
comparing learners from countries where English is used in varying degrees outside formal educational contexts and by
examining intra-corpus variation between learners who have vs. have not spent time in English-speaking countries. The results
reveal that exposure to English in the home country explains some of the variation in the progressive frequencies, but most of
all it shows in the extent to which the learners have adopted its new semantic uses. By contrast, stay in English-speaking
countries was not found to be an influential variable for all learner groups.
Individual performance progression of German elite female and male middle‐distance runners
Authors: Weippert Matthias , Petelczyc Monika , Thürkow Christoph , Behrens Martin , Bruhn Sven 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurrent standards for talent identification often base on age‐related cross‐sectional or mixed data analyses. Longitudinal studies of elite runners from their very early to their late career are still rare, despite their need for valid talent identification and prognoses. Thus, we analysed individual performance trajectories of German international level middle‐distance runners (30 females, 41 males) from an age of 14 until their top performance. Quadratic equations best fitted the individual performances from 14 years to late career in relation to the world record time. The individual trajectories were further used to construct a global performance progression model, providing annual performance estimates (mean and standard deviation of 800, 1000 and 1500 m race times in relation to the current world record time) of later top runners from early to late career. Our analysis implies that, on average, females started from a higher performance level at young age. In contrast, average performance progression of the males was higher until the age of 17 years. Performance peaked at an age of 24.0 ± 3.0 and 23.3 ± 2.6 years for the female and male runners, respectively. The provided average annual performance progressions, as well as their ranges, may help coaches and sport federations in their decision making on age‐related performance criteria for talent identification in middle‐distance running.
A low-cost, portable biopotential monitoring system to study electrical activities of the human brain and body
Authors: Bandara Vibodha , Nanayakkara Asiri 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A portable, low-cost, all-in-one biopotential monitoring system that can be used for demonstrating the basic characteristics of electrical activities of the human brain and body for undergraduate physics students is described. The monitoring system consists of a wireless biopotential amplifier, an electrode cap and a software interface. Some of the biopotential activities recorded from the monitoring system, together with theoretical explanations associated with them are presented. Experimentation with the system will provide students with an opportunity to verify the theories involved in biopotential activities. The construction of the system can also be an interesting project for undergraduate students and it exposes them to instrument construction and troubleshooting techniques.
Deformation and removal of semiconductor and laser single crystals at extremely small scales
Authors: Wu Yueqin , Mu Dekui , Huang Han 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Semiconductor and laser single crystals are usually brittle and hard, which need to be ground to have satisfactory surface integrity and dimensional precision prior to their applications. Improvement of the surface integrity of a ground crystal can shorten the time of a subsequent polishing process, thus reducing the manufacturing cost. The development of cost-effective grinding technologies for those crystals requires an in-depth understanding of their deformation and removal mechanisms. As a result, a great deal of research efforts were directed towards studying this topic in the past two or three decades. In this review, we aimed to summarize the deformation and removal characteristics of representative semiconductor and laser single crystals in accordance with the scale of mechanical loading, especially at extremely small scales. Their removal mechanisms were critically examined based on the evidence obtained from high-resolution TEM analyses. The relationships between machining conditions and removal behaviors were discussed to provide a guidance for further advancing of the grinding technologies for those crystals.
Integrative systematics untangles the evolutionary history ofStenochrus(Schizomida: Hubbardiidae), a neglected junkyard genus of North American short-tailed whipscorpions
Authors: Monjaraz-Ruedas Rodrigo , Francke Oscar F , Prendini Lorenzo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUntil recently, the Nearctic short-tailed whipscorpion genus, StenochrusChamberlin, 1922, included 27 species distributed primarily in Mexico, the USA and Central America. Morphological disparity among its species, associated with their adaptation to diverse habitats, raised the question as to whether Stenochrus was monophyletic. The phylogenetic relationships among short-tailed whipscorpions have only recently begun to be explored, and the monophyly of Stenochrus had never been tested. The present contribution provides the first phylogeny of Stenochrus and related genera, based on 61 morphological characters and 2991 aligned DNA nucleotides from two nuclear and two mitochondrial gene markers, for 73 terminal taxa. Separate and simultaneous analyses of the morphological and molecular data sets were conducted with Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood, and parsimony with equal and implied weighting. Terminals represented only by morphological data (‘orphans’) were included in some analyses for evaluation of their phylogenetic positions. As previously defined, Stenochrus sensuReddell & Cokendolpher (1991, 1995) was consistently polyphyletic and comprised eight monophyletic clades, justifying its reclassification into eight genera including Heteroschizomus Rowland, 1973, revalidated from synonymy with Stenochrus by Monjaraz-Ruedas et al. (2019). Rowland & Reddell’s (1980)mexicanus and pecki species groups were consistently paraphyletic. Orphans grouped with the most morphologically similar taxa.
The epidemiology of osteoporosis
Authors: Clynes Michael A , Harvey Nicholas C , Curtis Elizabeth M , Fuggle Nicholas R , Dennison Elaine M , Cooper Cyrus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionWith a worldwide ageing population, the importance of the prevention and management of osteoporotic fragility fractures is increasing over time. In this review, we discuss in detail the epidemiology of fragility fractures, how this is shaped by pharmacological interventions and how novel screening programmes can reduce the clinical and economic burden of osteoporotic fractures.Sources of dataPubMed and Google Scholar were searched using various combinations of the keywords ‘osteoporosis’, ‘epidemiology’, ‘fracture’, ‘screening’, `FRAX’ and ‘SCOOP’.Areas of agreementThe economic burden of osteoporosis-related fracture is significant, costing approximately $17.9 and £4 billion per annum in the USA and UK.Areas of controversyRisk calculators such as the web-based FRAX® algorithm have enabled assessment of an individual’s fracture risk using clinical risk factors, with only partial consideration of bone mineral density (BMD).Growing pointsAs with all new interventions, we await the results of long-term use of osteoporosis screening algorithms and how these can be refined and incorporated into clinical practice.Areas timely for developing researchDespite advances in osteoporosis screening, a minority of men and women at high fracture risk worldwide receive treatment. The economic and societal burden caused by osteoporosis is a clear motivation for improving the screening and management of osteoporosis worldwide.
Safety of early discharge with a chest tube after pulmonary segmentectomy
Authors: Bao Feichao , Dimitrovska Natasha Toleska , Hu Shoujun , Chu Xiao , Li Wentao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Early removal of chest tube is an important step in enhanced recovery after surgery protocols. However, after pulmonary resection with a wide dissection plane, such as pulmonary segmentectomy, prolonged air leak, a large volume of pleural drainage and the risk of developing empyema in patients can delay chest tube removal and result in a low rate of completion of the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol. In this study, we aimed to assess the safety of discharging patients with a chest tube after pulmonary segmentectomy.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed a single surgeon’s experience of pulmonary segmentectomy from May 2019 to September 2019. Patients who fulfilled the criteria for discharging with a chest tube were discharged and provided written instructions. They returned for chest tube removal after satisfactory resolution of air leak or fluid drainage.

RESULTS
In total, 126 patients underwent pulmonary segmentectomy. Ninety-five (75%) patients were discharged with a chest tube postoperatively. The mean time to chest tube removal after discharge was 5.6 (range 2–32) days, potentially saving 532 inpatient hospital days. Overall, 90 (95%) patients experienced uneventful and successful outpatient chest tube management. No life-threatening complications were observed. No patient experienced complications resulting from chest tube malfunction. Five (5%) patients experienced minor complications. Overall, all patients reported good-to-excellent mobility with a chest tube.

CONCLUSIONS
Successful postoperative outpatient chest tube management after pulmonary segmentectomy can be accomplished in selected patients without a major increase in morbidity or mortality.
Multitrophic interactions in the rhizosphere microbiome of wheat: from bacteria and fungi to protists
Authors: Rossmann Maike , Pérez-Jaramillo Juan E , Kavamura Vanessa N , Chiaramonte Josiane B , Dumack Kenneth , Fiore-Donno Anna Maria , Mendes Lucas W , Ferreira Márcia M C , Bonkowski Michael , Raaijmakers Jos M , Mauchline Tim H , Mendes Rodrigo 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Plants modulate the soil microbiota by root exudation assembling a complex rhizosphere microbiome with organisms spanning different trophic levels. Here, we assessed the diversity of bacterial, fungal and cercozoan communities in landraces and modern varieties of wheat. The dominant taxa within each group were the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria; the fungi phyla Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota and Basidiomycota; and the Cercozoa classes Sarcomonadea, Thecofilosea and Imbricatea. We showed that microbial networks of the wheat landraces formed a more intricate network topology than that of modern wheat cultivars, suggesting that breeding selection resulted in a reduced ability to recruit specific microbes in the rhizosphere. The high connectedness of certain cercozoan taxa to bacteria and fungi indicated trophic network hierarchies where certain predators gain predominance over others. Positive correlations between protists and bacteria in landraces were preserved as a subset in cultivars as was the case for the Sarcomonadea class with Actinobacteria. The correlations between the microbiome structure and plant genotype observed in our results suggest the importance of top-down control by organisms of higher trophic levels as a key factor for understanding the drivers of microbiome community assembly in the rhizosphere.
Evolutionary Analysis of the Zinc Finger and Homeoboxes Family of Proteins Identifies Multiple Conserved Domains and a Common Early Chordate Ancestor
Authors: Nail Alexandra N , Smith Jeramiah J , Peterson Martha L , Spear Brett T 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Zinc Fingers and Homeoboxes (Zhx) proteins, Zhx1, Zhx2, and Zhx3, comprise a small family of proteins containing two amino-terminal C2–H2 zinc fingers and four or five carboxy-terminal homeodomains. These multiple homeodomains make Zhx proteins unusual because the majority of homeodomain-containing proteins contain a single homeodomain. Studies in cultured cells and mice suggest that Zhx proteins can function as positive or negative transcriptional regulators. Zhx2 regulates numerous hepatic genes, and all three Zhx proteins have been implicated in different cancers. Because Zhx proteins contain multiple predicted homeodomains, are associated with interesting physiological traits, and seem to be only present in the vertebrate lineage, we investigated the evolutionary history of this small family by comparing Zhx homologs from a wide range of chordates. This analysis indicates that the zinc finger motifs and homeodomains are highly similar among all Zhx proteins and also identifies additional Zhx-specific conserved regions, including a 13 amino acid amino-terminal motif that is nearly identical among all gnathostome Zhx proteins. We found single Zhx proteins in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and in the nonvertebrate chordates sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis) and lancelet (Branchiostoma floridae); these Zhx proteins are most similar to gnathostome Zhx3. Based on our analyses, we propose that a duplication of the primordial Zhx gene gave rise to Zhx3 and the precursor to Zhx1 and Zhx2. A subsequent tandem duplication of this precursor generated Zhx1 and Zhx2 found in gnathostomes.