bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequalities in the Age of Universal Health Coverage: Young Chileans with Diabetes Negotiating for Their Right to Health
Authors: González‐Agüero Marcela , Chenhall Richard , Basnayake Prabhathi , Vaughan Cathy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile universal health coverage (UHC) has been praised as a powerful means to reduce inequalities and improve access to health globally, little has been said about how patients experience and understand its implementation locally. In this article, we explore the experiences of young Chileans with type 1 diabetes when seeking care in Santiago, within Chile's UHC program, which sought to improve people's access to health care. We argue that the implementation of UHC, within a structurally fragmented health system, did not lead to the promised equitable health care delivery. Although UHC aimed to equitably provide universal care, locally it materialized in heterogeneous configurations forcing individuals into positions of precarity and generating new inequalities. Furthermore, for the young people in the study, UHC intersected with their health insurance and socioeconomic status, impacting on the health care they could access, consequently making diabetes care and management a difficult challenge.
Structural and ligand binding analyses of the periplasmic sensor domain of RsbU in Chlamydia trachomatis support a role in TCA cycle regulation
Authors: Soules Katelyn R. , Dmitriev Aidan , LaBrie Scott D. , Dimond Zoë E. , May Benjamin H. , Johnson David K. , Zhang Yang , Battaile Kevin P. , Lovell Scott , Hefty P. Scott 
Published: October 2019

SummaryChlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacteria that undergo dynamic morphologic and physiologic conversions upon gaining an access to a eukaryotic cell. These conversions likely require the detection of key environmental conditions and regulation of metabolic activity. Chlamydia encodes homologs to proteins in the Rsb phosphoregulatory partner‐switching pathway, best described in Bacillus subtilis. ORF CT588 has a strong sequence similarity to RsbU cytoplasmic phosphatase domain but also contains a unique periplasmic sensor domain that is expected to control the phosphatase activity. A 1.7 Å crystal structure of the periplasmic domain of the RsbU protein from C. trachomatis (PDB 6MAB) displays close structural similarity to DctB from Vibrio and Sinorhizobium. DctB has been shown, both structurally and functionally, to specifically bind to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate succinate. Surface plasmon resonance and differential scanning fluorimetry of TCA intermediates and potential metabolites from a virtual screen of RsbU revealed that alpha‐ketoglutarate, malate and oxaloacetate bound to the RsbU periplasmic domain. Substitutions in the putative binding site resulted in reduced binding capabilities. An RsbU null mutant showed severe growth defects which could be restored through genetic complementation. Chemical inhibition of ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation phenocopied the growth defect observed in the RsbU null strain. Altogether, these data support a model with the Rsb system responding differentially to TCA cycle intermediates to regulate metabolism and key differentiation processes.
Nursing’s public image in the Republic of Georgia: A qualitative, exploratory study
Authors: Squires Allison , Ojemeni Melissa T. , Olson Emma , Uchanieshvili Maia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe public image of nursing is important because it can facilitate or create barriers to achieving an adequate supply of nursing human resources. This study sought to gain a better understanding of nursing’s professional image within the Republic of Georgia. The Nursing Human Resources Systems model was used to guide the study’s exploratory, qualitative approach. Data collection occurred over a 2‐week period in the Republic of Georgia, and thirty‐three participants formed the final study sample. Participants included healthcare professionals, key informants from nonprofit and research institutions, and patients. Data analysis occurred using directed content analysis techniques, and three themes emerged: (a) gender dimension; (b) the nursing service recipient experience; and (c) historical legacies. Themes revealed the complexities of nursing’s image in the country. Findings from this study serve as baseline data for understanding nursing’s image in the Republic of Georgia which could assist with improving pre‐entry nursing production issues.
Optimal harvesting and taxation when accounting for the marine environmental quality of the fishery
Authors: Long Ngo Van , Tidball Mabel , Zaccour Georges 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe consider a fishery described by two state variables, namely, the stock of fish and its marine environmental quality, operationalized as an index of habitat extent and quality, which influences the growth rate and the carrying capacity (MEQ). Assuming that myopic fishing agents exploit the fishery, we characterize and contrast the steady‐state values in two scenarios: (a) a scenario where the agents (correctly) perceive that the MEQ is nonconstant and (b) a scenario where they behave as if the MEQ is a given constant. Not unexpectedly, the harvest rates differ across the two scenarios and consequently lead to different steady states. Interestingly, for some parameter values, we obtain that assuming a constant MEQ has a conservation flavor, that is, it results in a larger stock of fish and higher MEQ in the steady‐state. We show that there exists a steady‐state solution to the planner's problem and that it can be supported by a large number of appropriately designed tax schemes, while the approach path to the steady‐state depends on the implemented tax scheme. We also discuss the implications for optimal regulation under open access when habitat mattersRecommendations for Resource Managers

We take into account the marine environmental quality (MEQ) in a fishery model and assess how it affects harvesting behavior and the fish stock.
For some parameter values, we obtain that assuming a constant MEQ has a conservation flavor, that is, it results in a larger stock of fish and higher MEQ in the steady‐state.
We show that there exists a steady‐state solution to the planner's problem that can be supported by different tax schemes.
Cutoff Value for Short Form of Central Sensitization Inventory
Authors: Tanaka Katsuyoshi , Nishigami Tomohiko , Mibu Akira , Manfuku Masahiro , Yono Satoko , Yukioka Masao , Miki Kenji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff score of the 9‐item short version of the CSI, the CSI‐9, by comparing patients with central sensitivity syndrome (CSS) not only to healthy volunteers as with the original version, but also to patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders.MethodsAll participants filled out the CSI, EuroQol 5‐dimension, Brief Pain Inventory, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale questionnaires. To identify a clinically relevant cutoff score, receiver operating characteristic analyses were conducted. The area under the curve was used to examine the ability of the CSI‐9 to distinguish patients with fibromyalgia (FM) from patients with MSK disorders and healthy individuals.ResultsTwenty‐six participants with FM, 30 patients with MSK disorders, and 28 healthy individuals were included. We determined 2 cutoff scores: 20 for distinguishing patients with FM from patients with MSK disorders and 17 for distinguishing patients with FM from healthy individuals. These cutoff scores had good sensitivity (patients with MSK disorders, 92.3%; healthy individuals, 96.2%) and specificity (patients with MSK disorders, 93.3%; healthy individuals, 100%). In addition, the patients who scored above the cutoff of 20 points exhibited worse clinical symptoms (higher pain intensity, higher pain interference, higher Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores, and lower EuroQol 5‐dimension scores) than those who scored below it. Furthermore, a significantly higher number of subjects who scored more than 20 on the CSI‐9 had a history of 2 or more diagnoses of CSS.ConclusionThe optimal CSI‐9 cutoff score of 20 is beneficial to clinicians in the evaluation of central sensitization–related symptoms. The cutoff score helps to identify patients who need additional treatments, such as pain neuroscience education and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Targeted mutagenesis of BnTT8 homologs controls yellow seed coat development for effective oil production in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Zhai Yungu , Yu Kaidi , Cai Shengli , Hu Limin , Amoo Olalekan , Xu Lei , Yang Yang , Ma Boyuan , Jiao Yangmiao , Zhang Chaofeng , Khan Muhammad Hafeez Ullah , Khan Shahid Ullah , Fan Chuchuan , Zhou Yongming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractYellow seed is a desirable trait with great potential for improving seed quality in Brassica crops. Unfortunately, no natural or induced yellow seed germplasms have been found in Brassica napus, an important oil crop, which likely reflects its genome complexity and the difficulty of the simultaneous random mutagenesis of multiple gene copies with functional redundancy. Here, we demonstrate the first application of CRISPR/Cas9 for creating yellow‐seeded mutants in rapeseed. The targeted mutations of the BnTT8 gene were stably transmitted to successive generations, and a range of homozygous mutants with loss‐of‐function alleles of the target genes were obtained for phenotyping. The yellow‐seeded phenotype could be recovered only in targeted mutants of both BnTT8 functional copies, indicating that the redundant roles of BnA09.TT8 and BnC09.TT8b are vital for seed colour. The BnTT8 double mutants produced seeds with elevated seed oil and protein content and altered fatty acid (FA) composition without any serious defects in the yield‐related traits, making it a valuable resource for rapeseed breeding programmes. Chemical staining and histological analysis showed that the targeted mutations of BnTT8 completely blocked the proanthocyanidin (PA)‐specific deposition in the seed coat. Further, transcriptomic profiling revealed that the targeted mutations of BnTT8 resulted in the broad suppression of phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthesis genes, which indicated a much more complex molecular mechanism underlying seed colour formation in rapeseed than in Arabidopsis and other Brassica species. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed the possible mechanism through which BnTT8 altered the oil content and fatty acid composition in seeds.
STAT1 gain‐of‐function and chronic demodicosis
Authors: Molho‐Pessach Vered , Meltser Arnon , Kamshov Adaia , Ramot Yuval , Zlotogorski Abraham 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHeterozygous STAT1 gain‐of‐function (GOF) mutations result in a combined form of immunodeficiency which is the most common genetic cause of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). We present a pedigree with a GOF mutation in STAT1, manifesting with chronic demodicosis in the form of a facial papulopustular eruption, blepharitis, and chalazion. So far, demodicosis has been described in only one family with STAT1‐GOF mutation. We suggest that chronic demodicosis is an under‐recognized feature of the immune dysregulation disorder caused by STAT1 gain‐of‐function mutations.
Prevalence of FLG loss‐of‐function mutations R501X, 2282del4, and R2447X in Spanish children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: González‐Tarancón Ricardo , Sanmartín Rosalia , Lorente Fabiola , Salvador‐Rupérez Elvira , Hernández‐Martín Angela , Rello Luis , Puzo Jose , Gilaberte Yolanda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAtopic dermatitis (AD) is the most prevalent inflammatory skin disorder, and is often associated with a personal or family history of atopic disease. The presence of loss‐of‐function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) is the main predisposing factor for AD FLG mutations show ethnic and geographical variations, even between European populations. We sought to determine the frequency of the 3 most common FLG null mutations in a population of Spanish children consisting of healthy controls and AD patients. We also investigated the association between these 3 FLG mutations and AD.MethodsA total of 214 participants (111 AD patients and 103 healthy controls) were enrolled in this study. Genotyping for 3 FLG null mutations (R501X, 2282del4, and R2447X) was performed by conventional Sanger sequencing.ResultsThe combined mutation frequency was 1.9% in the control group and 12.6% in the AD group. The most common FLG mutation in AD patients was R501X (9.9%), followed by R2447X (2.7%) and 2282del4 (1.8%).ConclusionThese findings further our understanding of the prevalence of FLG null mutations in the Spanish population, and suggest that the frequency of FLG mutations in AD patients in Spain is slightly higher than that of other Mediterranean countries.
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) nutrient and lead uptake affected by zeolite and DTPA in a lead‐polluted soil
Authors: Doostikhah N. , Panahpour E. , Nadian H. , Gholami A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Development of alleviation strategies, which enhance plant growth under heavy metal stress, is important. Inorganic (zeolite) and organic (diethylene triamine penta‐acetic acid, DTPA) amendments affecting the alleviation of lead (Pb) stress in a calcareous soil were tested by investigating leaf nutrient uptake of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants.

Experimental quantities of lead (Pb) at 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg·kg−1 soil, zeolite (clinoptilolite) at 0%, 0.5% and 1%, and DTPA at 0, 50 and 100 mg·kg−1 soil were tested in a factorial experiment with three plant replicates.

According to the anova, Pb, zeolite, DTPA and their interactions significantly affected plant concentrations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb). With increasing DTPA concentration at different levels of zeolite and Pb, plant concentrations of macro‐ and micronutrients significantly increased. Increasing soil Pb increased leaf Pb concentration and decreased the uptake of N, K, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn. Although with increasing Pb concentration the uptake of macro‐ and micronutrients decreased in tomato, the use of zeolite and DTPA alleviated this stress by increasing nutrient uptake compared to the control. Interestingly, however, increased levels of zeolite and DTPA led to a decreased uptake of nutrients by plants (compared with control), indicating the absorption of such nutrients by the two amendments and their partial release for further plant use.

Zeolite and DTPA may alleviate the negative effects of soil Pb on tomato growth by decreasing nutrient leaching and increasing plant nutrient uptake.
Coralclip®: a low‐cost solution for rapid and targeted out‐planting of coral at scale
Authors: Suggett David J. , Edmondson John , Howlett Lorna , Camp Emma F. 
Published: October 2019

Re‐attaching or out‐planting coral as fragments, colonies, and on larval settlement devices to substrates is a major bottleneck limiting scalabilty and viability of reef restoration practices. Many attachment approaches are in use, but none that are low‐cost, opportunistic, rapid but effective, for integration into existing tour operations on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) where staff and boat time is a major cost and chemical fixatives cannot be easily used. We describe a novel attachment device—Coralclip®—developed to meet this need and so aid maintenance and restoration of GBR tourism sites. Coralclip® is a stainless steel springclip attached by a nail integrated through the spring coil, and can be deployed with a coral fragment in as fast as 15 seconds. Initial laboratory tests demonstrated that Coralclip® secured coral fragments or larval settlement tiles under dynamic flow regimes characteristic of exposed reefs. Coral out‐planting from fragments of opportunity and from nurseries (n = 4,580; 0.3–1.9 coral/minute; US$0.6–3.0/coral deployed) or larval settlement tiles (n = 400; 2.5 tiles/minute; US$0.5 tile deployed−1) when deployed by divers from routine boat operations at Opal Reef confirmed highly effective attachment, with ≤15% failure of clips found after 3–7 months. We discuss how Coralclip® is a cost‐effective means to support reef maintenance and restoration practices.
Structural Analysis of the Luowei Orefield in Xidamingshan, Guangxi, China
Authors: Li Saisai , Feng Zuohai , Fu Wei , Li Zemin , Hu Rongguo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMany types of hydrothermal deposits (e.g. W, Bi, Pb, Zn, Ag) are confined by faults and hidden granodiorite in the Luowei Orefield in Xidamingshan, Guangxi, China. The orebodies in the Luowei W–Bi deposit are predominantly layered and distributed along bedding in sandstones of the Cambrian Xiaoneichong Formation. The orebodies in the Lujing Pb–Zn deposit are controlled mainly by west‐south‐west (WSW)‐trending faults, and those in the Fenghuangshan Ag deposit are controlled mainly by west‐north‐west (WNW)‐trending faults, which were reverse faults during mineralization and were later reactivated as sinistral strike‐slip faults. The Luowei fault was formed postmineralization and resulted in sinistral displacement of the subsurface granodiorite and the Cambrian strata. A tectonomagmatic mineralization model of the Luowei Orefield is proposed, and the following conclusions were made. (i) Under a regional N–S compressive stress regime, WSW‐ and WNW‐trending reverse faults and N–S‐trending tensional fractures were formed. (ii) Magma intruded along the tensional fractures. Under the force of magmatic thermodynamics, mineralizing fluid migrated along bedding planes in sandstones and formed W–Bi orebodies at favorable sites. Some fluid migrated along WSW‐ and WNW‐trending faults to sites farther from the magma source, forming vein‐type Pb–Zn and Ag orebodies. (iii) After mineralization, under ~E–W compression, a NW‐trending left‐lateral slip fault was formed, cutting the subsurface granodiorite and orebodies. Concurrently, sinistral shear slip occurred on WNW‐trending ore‐controlling faults. However, the small displacement on these faults did not change the overall distributions of the rock mass and orebodies.
Attitudes of Muslim Americans toward Homosexuality and Marriage Equality: Moving Beyond Simply Understanding Christian Public Opinions
Authors: Bratton Tabrina M. , Lytle Robert , Bensel Tusty ten 
Published: October 2019

A number of studies have found a relationship between religious affiliation and attitudes toward LGBQ individuals. To date, however, research on religious attitudes has focused primarily on Christians. We expanded upon existing research by including two of the three largest U.S. religions previously overlooked—Islam and Judaism. We used data from the 2014 Religious Landscape Study, which provided a larger sample of Jewish (n = 475) and Muslim (n = 135) respondents than most public opinion surveys. We found that Muslim and Protestant participants were the least accepting of homosexuality and supportive of same‐sex marriage compared with Roman Catholic and Jewish participants. Results also showed that fundamentalism and religiosity were significant predictors of attitudes toward homosexuality and same‐sex marriage across all participants, regardless of denomination. Implications for future research and data collection efforts learned from this study are discussed.
Error assessment of grid‐based terrain shading algorithms for solar radiation modeling over complex terrain
Authors: Zhang Shuhua , Li Xingong , She Jiangfeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn mountainous regions, solar radiation exhibits a strong spatial heterogeneity due to terrain shading effects. Terrain shading algorithms based on digital elevation models can be categorized into two types: area‐based and point‐specific. In this article, we evaluated two shading algorithms using designed mathematic surfaces. Theoretical shading effects over four Gauss synthetic surfaces were calculated and used to evaluate the terrain shading algorithms. We evaluated the area‐based terrain shading algorithm, Hillshade tool of ArcGIS, and the point‐specific shading algorithm from Solar Analyst (SA) in ArcGIS. Both algorithms showed shading overestimation, and Hillshade showed more accuracy with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.20%, as compared to the MAE of 1.66% of SA. The MAE of Hillshade increases exponentially as the spatial extent of the study area increases because the solar position for all locations on the surface is the same in Hillshade. Consequently, we suggest that the surface should be divided into more tiles in Hillshade when the discrepancy in the latitude of the whole surface is greater than 4°. Skyshed, which represents the horizon angle distribution in SA, is error‐prone over more complex terrain because horizon angle interpolation is problematic for such areas. We also propose a new terrain shading algorithm, with solar positions calculated using local latitude for each cell and the horizon angle calculated for every specific time interval, but without projections. The new model performs better than Hillshade and SA with an MAE of 0.55%.
Effect of peritoneal lavage on bacterial isolates in 40 dogs with confirmed septic peritonitis
Authors: Marshall Hannah , Sinnott‐Stutzman Virginia , Ewing Patty , Bracker Kiko , Kalis Russell , Khorzad Roxanna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate bacterial isolates, antimicrobial drug susceptibility, and change in resistance among pre‐ and post‐lavage culture samples in dogs with septic peritonitis.DesignProspective observational study.SettingPrivate practice referral hospital.AnimalsForty client‐owned dogs with confirmed septic peritonitis requiring surgical intervention.InterventionsAll dogs had perioperative abdominal lavage following source control with 200 to 300 mL/kg 0.9% sterile saline. Pre‐ and post‐lavage aerobic and anaerobic culture samples were evaluated.Measurements and Main ResultsThirty‐five of 40 dogs (87.5%) survived to hospital discharge. The likelihood of an aerobic organism to have multidrug resistance (resistance to 3 or more antimicrobial classes) post‐lavage was a third of that pre‐lavage (odds ratio [OR] 0.34, 95% CI [0.17–0.68], P = 0.01). Thirty‐nine of 40 dogs (97.5%) received appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy based on pre‐ and post‐lavage culture results, of which 5 (12.8%) did not survive to discharge. The single dog with inappropriate antimicrobial therapy survived to discharge. The most frequent isolates detected included Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, and Enterococcus faecalis. The same organism based on species was isolated in pre‐ and post‐lavage cultures in 32 dogs, accounting for 59 anaerobic and aerobic isolates. There was a new bacterial isolate detected in 20 dogs, accounting for 46 isolates and an overall total decrease of 14 isolates between pre‐ and post‐lavage culture (P = 0.09).ConclusionsThis study suggests that there is a significant decrease in the likelihood of isolating a multidrug resistant organism following peritoneal lavage, and aerobic and anaerobic culture results have the potential to change following peritoneal lavage, although this cannot be confirmed without further studies. Overall survival rates were higher than previously reported in the literature for septic peritonitis.