bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element study on effect of follower load on intersegmental rotation, facet joint force and nucleus pressure of the cervical spine
Authors: Cai Xin-Yi , Yuchi Chen-Xi , Du Cheng-Fei , Mo Zhong-Jun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The follower load is used to simulate the physiological compressive load of human spine. These compressive loads can maintain cervical spine’s mechanics stability and play a significant role in improving load-carrying capacity of the cervical spine. However, under different follower loads the biomechanical response of the cervical spine is unknown. So the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of follower load on biomechanics of the cervical spine. Results: In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element (FE) model of the cervical spine (C3-C7) was built and validated. Using this FE model of the cervical spine, we evaluated the effect of different follower loads on intersegmental rotation, facet joint force, and nucleus pressure in the cervical spine. The results indicated that with the follower load increased, the intersegmental rotation of the cervical spine in extension decreased, but the intersegmental rotation in other postures increased. The follower load increased the facet joint forces in all postures. In lateral bending (LB), the facet joint forces were only generated in the ipsilateral facet joints. In axial rotation (AR), there was a large asymmetry in the facet joint forces, and this asymmetry worsened with the follower load increased. The nucleus pressure of each segment nonlinearly increased with the follower load increased in all postures. Conclusion: An comprehensive analysis in intersegmental rotation, facet joint force and nucleus pressure under different follower loads can provide us a deeper understanding of the follower load in the human spine.
Lentiviral expressing shRNAs inhibit the replication of Contagious Ecthyma virus by targeting DNA polymerase gene
Authors: Samani Leila Asadi , Saffar Behnaz , Mokhtari Azam , Arefian Ehsan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Contagious ecthyma or Orf is known as a zoonotic disease remains prevalently worldwide despite the application of some control strategies against it. RNAi particularly shRNA provides us with the chance to tackle this obstacle by an encouraging new approach. The current study indicates the design and experiment of third-generation lentivirus packaging systems delivering shRNAs to inhibit ORFV replication and infection. Methods: Given the importance of DNA-pol gene in virus replication, in this study, three shRNAs against this gene were designed and cloned into lentiviral vectors to stabilize the expression of shRNAs. After producing lentivectors expressing ORFV-DNA– pol in HEK293T cells, the synthesized shRNAs were applied to downregulate viral replication and gene expression. The reduction in viral titer and RNA was evaluated by TCID50 test as well as real-time RT-PCR. The results were then analyzed in comparison with the control group. Results: Designed shRNAs significantly reduced virus yield approximately 90% to 97% and 96.8% to 99.4%, respectively compared to the control groups (cells infected with ORFV and infected with ORFV and scrambled vector) by TCID50 test. Real-time RT-PCR revealed a dramatic reduction in the expression of viral RNA approximately 99% compared to cells infected with ORFV and from 92.6% to 99%, respectively compared to cells infected with ORFV and scrambled vector. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be stated that RNAi is capable of being used as a potent therapeutically option against viruses like ORFV.
Metabolic Engineering of Bacillus subtilis for 2.3-BDO production by introducing an exogenous NADPH/NADP+ regeneration system
Authors: Liu Huiling , Liu Shuangying , Xie Fengyu , Zhang Xian , Xu Meijuan , Shao Minglong , Fang Haitian , Zhang Huiling , Yang Taowei , Rao Zhiming 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Generally, glucose is transformed into pyruvate from glycolysis before the target products acetoin and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) are formed. Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is an inefficient synthetic pathway for pyruvate production from glucose in Bacillus subtilis. Previously, it was found that engineered PPP in B. subtilis unbalanced NADH and NADPH regeneration systems and affected acetoin and 2,3 -BDO production.Results: In this study, metabolic engineering strategies were proposed to redistribute carbon flux to 2,3-BDO via reconstructing intracellular cofactors regeneration systems. Firstly, extra copies of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH)and an exogenous NADPH-dependent 2,3-BDO dehydrogenase (TDH) were introduced into the GRAS strain B. subtilis 168 to introduce an exogenous NADPH/NADP + regeneration system and broaden 2,3-BDO production pathway. It was found that overexpressing the NADPH/NADP + regeneration system effectively improved 2,3-BDO production and inhibited NADH-dependent by-products accumulation. Subsequently, the disruption of lactate dehydrogenase (encoded by ldh ) by insertion of the transcriptional regulator ALsR, essential for the expression of alsSD (encoding two key enzymes for the conversion of pyruvate to acetoin) in B. subtilis, resulted in the recombinant strain in which alsSD was overexpressed and the pathway to lactate was blocked simultaneously. On fermentation by the result engineered strain, the highest 2,3-BDO concentration increased by18.43%, while the titers of main byproducts acetoin and lactate decreased by 22.03% and 64%, respectively.Conclusion: In this study, it shows that engineering PPP and reconstructing intracellular cofactors regeneration system could be an alternative strategy in the metabolic engineering of 2,3-BDO production in B. subtilis .
The effects of Neuroblastoma Breakpoint Family Members 1 and 15 variant on osteogenesis in patients with orbital hypertelorism
Authors: CHAI Gang , HUANG Nan , ZHANG Qun , Li Tianya , Chen Wei , ZHANG Yan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Neuroblastoma Breakpoint Family, Member 1, (NBPF1) and Neuroblastoma Breakpoint Family, Member 15, (NBPF15) on osteogenesis in patients with orbital hypertelorism. Methods: The genetic information of three patients with orbital hypertelorism was analyzed via gene sequencing. We used real-time PCR to determine osteogenic correlation indices and performed osteogenic correlation staining to examine the function of NBPF1 and NBPF15 in the state of silence and overexpression. Results: NBPF1 and NBPF15 gene variants were observed in patients with orbital hypertelorism. During osteogenesis, when NBPF1 and NBPF15 were overexpressed, real-time PCR showed that expression of the osteogenesis-related indicators alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2, osteopontin, and collagen type I alpha 1 chain increased; Alizarin Red and ALP staining showed that overexpression of both genes promoted osteogenesis. When NBPF1 and NBPF15 were silenced, expression of ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteopontin, and collagen type I alpha 1 chain decreased as observed during real-time PCR, and the inhibition of osteogenesis was demonstrated by Alizarin Red and ALP staining. Conclusion: NBPF1 and NBPF15 variants existed in patients with orbital hypertelorism and they promoted osteogenesis.
High maternal and under-five mortality in an ethnic minority predominant area in rural China: a mixed-methods study exploring mother and health-provider experiences
Authors: Wong Bonnie Odelia , Xin Junguo , Jiang Lihua , Wang Ruiou , Liu Yi , Ma Xiao , Zhao Li 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: China as a country met Millennium Development Goals regarding maternal mortality rate (MMR) and under 5 mortality rate (U5MR), but high MMR and U5MR persist in various counties, especially rural areas of Western China with predominantly ethnic-minority populations. This study aims to understand multiple factors impacting MMR and U5MR in Xide and Mianning counties in Liangshan Area of Sichuan Province with majority Yi ethnic minority population, as well as the experiences of healthcare providers and mothers in these counties. Methods: Quantitative birth and mortality data from 2012 to 2014 were derived from public and hospital databases. Qualitative methods were used to identify factors which impact MMR and U5MR. We administered structured close-ended surveys to 60 mothers with neonates and 60 healthcare providers and administrators and conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 recently-pregnant mothers regarding their delivery and peri-natal care experiences and with 23 healthcare providers regarding health behaviors and factors driving health disparities. Results: MMR in Xide (72.02 per 100,000) and Mianning (68.10) county are significantly higher than the average MMR for the overall Liangshan Area (43.41), Sichuan (24.40) or the national average (21.8). U5MR in Xide County (12.7%) is consistently higher than in Mianning (7.29%). Of 22 cases of maternal deaths occurring between 2012 and 2014, a disproportionate number (59.9%) were non-hospital births, and 81.81% of those deaths were of Yi ethnic minority women. 73% of medical providers have less than a Bachelor degree and only 40.74% (Xide) or 68.52% (Mianning) scored >80% on evaluations of obstetric and perinatal knowledge and skill. Only 57% of mothers were advised to take folic acid. Mothers who participated in prenatal care programs were more likely to have hospital deliveries (p=0.033) and participate in post-natal care (p=0.05). Significant barriers to care exist due to limited of resources, transportation, cost, health literacy, and cultural norms. Conclusions: MMR and U5MR are higher in Xide and Mianning County and Yi women are disproportionately likely to die in childbirth. Policy changes are necessary to address these inequities, to increase access to quality medical care and improve knowledge and skill-based training for existing medical personnel.
CD73 alleviates GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in spinal cord injury through PI3K/AKT/Foxo1 signaling
Authors: Xu Shun , Shao Minghao , Ma Xiaosheng , Jiang Jianyuan , Zhang Fan , Xu Haocheng , Zhu Wei , Lu Feizhou 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundNeuroinflammation-induced secondary injury is an important cause of sustained progression of spinal cord injury. Inflammatory programmed cell death pyroptosis executed by the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) is an essential step of neuroinflammation. However, it is unclear whether CD73, a widely accepted immunosuppressive molecule, can inhibit pyroptosis via mediating GSDMD. MethodsCD73 deficient mice and LPS induced BV2 cells were respectively used to illustrate the effect of CD73 on macrophages/microglia pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. A combination of molecular and histological methods was performed to assess pyroptosis and explore the mechanism both in vivo and in vitro.ResultsWe showed molecular evidence for CD73 suppresses the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes to reduce the maturation of GSDMD, leading to decreased pyroptosis in macrophages/microglia. Further analysis reveals that adenosine-A2B adenosine receptor-PI3K-AKT-Foxo1 cascade is a possible mechanism of CD73 regulation. Importantly, we determine that CD73 inhibits the expression of GSDMD at the transcriptional level through Foxo1. What’s more, we confirm the accumulation of HIF-1α promotes the overexpression of CD73 after SCI, and the increased CD73 in turn upregulates the expression of HIF-1α, eventually forming a positive feedback regulatory loop.ConclusionOur data reveal a novel function of CD73 on microphages/microglia pyroptosis, suggesting a unique therapeutic opportunity for mitigating the disease process in SCI.
Total flavonoids of Chinese herb Rhizoma Drynariae alleviates bone loss in caged laying hens
Authors: Huang Jie , Yu Zhengwang , Tong Xiaofeng , Zhang Lei , Hu Yanping , Zhou Zhongxin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Caged layer osteoporosis (CLO) is a common bone metabolic disease and is threatening the modern poultry industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD), a Chinese herbal extract, on bone health, egg quality and production performance in caged laying hens. Totals of 144 Lohmann pink-shell laying hens of 32-wk-old were randomly allocated to 4 groups (CON, LCD, TFRD1 and TFRD2, respectively). The CON group was fed a basal diet, the LCD group was fed a low calcium diet (LCD) and the TFRD1 and TFRD2 groups were fed LCD supplemented with 0.5 and 2.0 g/kg TFRD, respectively.Results: Supplying 2.0 g/kg TFRD produced protective effects on calcium deficiency-induced bone loss in caged laying hens, including reduced serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activities (both P < 0.05) and osteocalcin content (P < 0.05), enhanced femur bone mineral density (P < 0.05), improved bone microarchitecture deterioration, down-regulated mRNA expressions of RANKL (P < 0.01) and up-regulated RUNX2 and OPG levels (both P < 0.01). Furthermore, compared to LCD group, 2.0 g/kg TFRD treatment had lower malondialdehyd levels (P < 0.01), and higher total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) activities, which contributed to the protective effects of bone loss. TFRD supplementation did not affect egg quality while 2.0 g/kg TFRD treatment improved laying rate (P < 0.05) and decreased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05).Conclusions: These findings suggested that TFRD has beneficial effects on bone health and production performance in caged laying hens, which can be used for the prevention of CLO.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathogenicity of Corynebacterium Striatum Clinical Isolates Collected from Three Tertiary Hospitals in China
Authors: Wang Junrui , Shi Xiaohong , Zhang Jian , Du Xiaoli , Lu Xuancheng , Chai Yuan , Lv Yingying , Liu Roushan , Han Yanqiu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance and patient-to-patient transmission of Corynebacterium striatum ( C. striatum ) clinical strains were frequently reported in recent years. Even worse, daptomycin resistant isolates were found in some studies and possible resistance mechanism was explored. Also, few investigations revealed the diversity of resistance feature and potential pathogenicity of C. striatum strains with different genotypes. However, less is known about the possible differences of resistance feature and pathogenicity of C. straitum clinical strains from different hospitals at a long distance.Methods C. striatum clinical strains were isolated and identified with VITEK-2 ANC card, MALDI-TOF microTyper and 16S rRNA sequencing technique. Broth microdilution method was used to detect the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 420 C. striatum clinical isolates, and PFGE method was used to discriminate different clones. Furthermore, in vitro adherence assay and mouse toxicity assay were performed to assess the pathogenicity of the strains with different genotypes.Results 420 C. striatum isolates were all sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid and daptomycin. Based on antibiotic resistance results, 420 strains were classified into 19 resistance patterns, when R1, R2 and R3 patterns accounted for 45.2%(190/420), 20.2%(85/420) and 22.4%(94/420), which were all multi-drug resistant patterns. PFGE typing results showed that 107 C. striatum strains were classified into 52 types (T01-T52), when 4 epidemic clones(T36, T28, T32, T14) accounted for 14.02% (15/107), 11.21%(12/107), 5.61%(6/107) and 3.73%(4/107), respectively. All of these 4 clones belonged to resistance patterns R1, R2 and R3. Among 27 C. striatum strains, 92.6%(25/27) strains showed moderate to strong in vitro adherence abilities, while only 7.4%(2/27) strains showed weak adherence ability on polystyrene surfaces. Furthermore, mouse lethality of different strains differed greatly, when non-dominant clone(Strain NMGYC339, T24) showed the strongest mouse lethality(90.0%).Conclusions The majority of C. striatum strains were multi-drug resistant and few dominant clones could persist for a long time in hospital environment. The in vitro adherence abilities and mouse lethality among different clones differed greatly. The resistance and pathogenicity of C. striatum clinical strains should be paid more attention to, especially for some specific clones at different hospitals.
Clinical features and outcomes of brucellosis complicated with Epstein-Barr virus infection
Authors: Jiang Hai , Sun Chaoxia , Zhao Hongyan , Ni Xiuying , Zhao Li , Dong Xuejun , Wu Cuiping , Piao Dongri , Yang Wentao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective To analyze the clinical, laboratory characteristics and prognosis of brucellosis patients with co-existing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection at a major hospital in Shandong, a brucellosis epidemic region of China.Methods A total of 576 inpatients diagnosed with brucellosis at Yidu Central Hospital, between July 2013 and July 2018, were selected and tested for EBV DNA. 22 patients were found to be positive for co-infection with EBV. The clinical data of these 22 patients (observation group) and 100 patients (control group) with only brucellosis were retrospectively compared.Results The observation group (the group with the EBV co-infection) had more severe clinical manifestations in the form of fever, headache, and hepatosplenomegaly. Further, the observation group also had a significantly higher number of patients with elevated alanine transaminase(ALT) and aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), reduced WBC, and elevated PLT count. The incidence of abnormal levels of cardiac enzyme was also significantly higher in the observation group, as was the recovery time and average hospitalization period.Conclusions It is important to consider EBV infection and other potentially latent viral infections in patients with brucellosis, as these infections can further complicate the disease course. Further, patients diagnosed with a co-infection should be administered combined antibacterial and antiviral treatment and kept under observation and followed up for a longer period.
Teoría y política en la génesis de MORENA como nuevo partido
Authors: Lucca Juan Bautista 
Published: December 2019

<p>La dinámica partidaria en América Latina en las últimas décadas muestra un fuerte desapego a las siglas tradicionales y una proliferación constante de partidos nuevos, tal y como sucede en México con el caso del Movimiento Regeneración Nacional (MORENA). El artículo discutirá cómo puede entenderse la génesis partidaria de morena, a partir de varias perspectivas teóricas y a la mirada de los participantes en dicho proceso. Esto permitirá comprender en qué medida es posible concebir a morena como un partido nuevo, pero también interrogarnos acerca de cuál es su novedad, y en qué medida las teorías y las cosmovisiones de sus militantes pueden<br />dar cuenta de ello</p>
Compliance of iron tablets consumption related to anemia status in pregnant women in Cikarang Health Center Bekasi
Authors: Awalamaroh Fiqriah Ayu , Rahayu Leni Sri , Yuliana Indah 
Published: December 2019

Anemia in pregnancy is one of the national problems that reflects the value of the socio-economic welfare of the community which also influences the quality of human resources. Factors that can influence the emergence of anemia among pregnant women include socioeconomic, knowledge, frequency of antenatal care visits, maternal age, distance of pregnancy, parity, infectious diseases, lack of consumption of iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, chronic bleeding, nutritional status, diet, compliance to consume Fe tablets, impaired absorption of iron in the body, and gestational age. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of food sources of Fe consumption, compliance to consume Fe Tablets and knowledge about anemia with anemia status in pregnant women. This research used cross sectional design. The number of samples in this study were 51 pregnant women with gestational age ≥ 36 weeks. Analysis of this research data used Fisher’s Exact. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant relationship between compliance to consume Fe tablet adherence to taking Fe tablets (p=0,000) and anemia status in pregnant women gestational age ≥ 36 weeks. Meanwhile, the consumption of Fe (p > 0,05) and knowledge about anemia (p > 0,05) had no significant relationship with anemia status in pregnant women ≥ 36 weeks. Thus, the level of compliance with Fe tablet consumption needs to be maintained and improved. Pregnant women still need to be educated about anemia, the effects and food sources of Fe that should be consumed during pregnancy, so that the level of knowledge can increase.
Keywords: Anemia, Compliance of Iron Tablet Consumption, Knowledge, Pregnant Women
Epistemologia do traduzir: normas de uso e sua descrição 'a parte post'
Authors: Oliveira Paulo 
Published: December 2019

Discutem-se aqui traços fundamentais das condições de possibilidade para ato tradutório, como reflexão teórica de cunho pragmático e perspectivista, entre o essencialismo da tradição e o relativismo pós-moderno. Tais aspectos remetem a uma epistemologia do traduzir tributária, dentre outros, da epistemologia do uso desenvolvida por Arley Moreno a partir da terapia conceitual de Ludwig Wittgenstein e da noção de estilo de Gilles Gaston Granger. A discussão parte do conceito de normas tradutórias de Gideon Toury e duas críticas que lhe foram dirigidas, sob diferentes perspectivas: (1) sociologia da tradução; (2) desconstrução. Pano de fundo argumentativo é o entendimento de que a abordagem de Toury é plenamente compatível com a concepção de linguagem do Wittgenstein tardio, não somente na aplicação da noção wittgensteiniana de semelhanças de família ao campo da tradução, mas também na forma como mobiliza o conceito de norma subjacente ao uso que se quer descrever. Defende-se que as normas tradutórias no sentido de Toury explicitam o caráter a parte post que Granger atribui aos fenômenos do estilo e que Moreno investiga na função transcendental da linguagem. Por fim, sugere-se que os polos adequação vs. aceitabilidade na proposta de Toury revelam dois momentos lógicos no processo tradutório: analogia inicial (entre o que é diferente) e acomodação digital na chegada.
Sisällysluettelo
Authors: Lindfors Antti 
Published: December 2019

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