bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the online-based self-help programme “Selfapy” in patients with unipolar depression: study protocol for a randomized, blinded parallel group dismantling study
Authors: Rico Krämer , Köhler Stephan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aims to evaluate the online-based self-help programme “Selfapy” on a sample of depressive subjects and, furthermore, the impact of an unaccompanied version vs. a therapeutic accompanied version. Subjects are randomly assigned to the unaccompanied course (without weekly calls from a psychologist), an accompanied course (with weekly calls from a psychologist), or the control group. Various secondary parameters related to online self-help programmes, such as life satisfaction, therapeutic relationship, social activation, self-esteem, attitude towards Internet interventions and drop-out rates, are also recorded.Methods: A sample size of 400 subjects will be included. Subjects must have at least a mild to moderate depressive episode (BDI-II and Hamilton Depression Scale) and then will be randomly assigned into one of three groups: (a) immediate access to the unaccompanied depression course of “Selfapy”, (b) immediate access to the accompanied depression course of “Selfapy”, or (c) access to “Selfapy” after a 24-week delay (waiting list). The intervention period will last for a period of 12 weeks. Diagnostic assessments will take place at four different points in time: T1 (at baseline before the treatment), T2 (6 weeks after the start of the intervention), T3 (12 weeks after the start of the intervention; end of program) and T4 (3 months after completion of the treatment follow-up).Conclusion: The effectiveness of the online self-help program "Selfapy" for depression, is to be investigated in a randomized, controlled, blinded study. Additionally, this study will utilize a “dismantled” approach to enable the comparison of the accompanied andTrial registration: Current Controlled Trial DRKS00017191Date of registration: 14.06.2019
Mitochondrion-mediated iron accumulation promotes carcinogenesis and Warburg effect through reactive oxygen species in osteosarcoma
Authors: Ni Shuo , Kuang Yanbin , Yuan Yin , Yu Baoqing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Iron metabolism disorder is closely associated with several malignant tumors, however the mechanisms underlying iron and the carcinogenesis in osteosarcoma are not yet well understood. Methods: Cell proliferation ability of osteosarcoma cell lines was measured by CCK-8, EdU incorporation and colony formation assays. Cell cycle analysis was detected by flow cytometry. The carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma was measured by soft-agar formation, trans-well and Wound healing-scratch assay. Warburg effect was detected by Seahorse respirometry assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured by Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probes. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of mitoferrin 1 (SLC25A37) and mitoferrin 2 (SLC25A28). Iron level in vitro and vivo was detected by iron assay kit. RNAi stable cell lines was generated using shRNA. Results: Iron promoted proliferation, carcinogenesis and Warburg effect of osteosarcoma cells. Iron-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) played an important role in these processes. Iron accumulated more in mitochondrion than in cytoplasm, suggesting mitochondrion-mediated iron accumulation was involved in the development of osteosarcoma. Moreover, iron upregulated the expression of mitoferrin 1 (SLC25A37) and mitoferrin 2 (SLC25A28). Knock-down of mitoferrin 1 (SLC25A37) and mitoferrin 2 (SLC25A28) decreased the production of ROS. In addition, iron increased the expression of Warburg key enzymes HK2 and Glut1, and affected AMPK / mTORC1 signaling axis. Conclusions: Mitochondrion-mediated iron accumulation promotes carcinogenesis and Warburg effect of osteosarcoma cells. Meanwhile, iron deprivation might be a novel effective strategy in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Hand hygiene improvement or antibiotic restriction to control the household transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli: a mathematical modelling study
Authors: Kardas-Sloma Lidia , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Perozziello Anne , Zahar Jean-Ralph , Lescure François-Xavier , Cousien Anthony , Lucet Jean-Christophe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The best strategy to control ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) spread in the community is lacking. Methods We developed an individual-based transmission model to evaluate the impact of hand hygiene (HH) improvement and reduction in antibiotic use on the within-household transmission of ESBL-EC. We used data from the literature and incorporated key elements of ESBL-EC transmission such as the frequency and nature of contacts among household members, antibiotic use in the community and hand hygiene behaviour. We introduced in a household a single ESBL-EC colonised person and simulated the transmission dynamics of ESBL-EC over a one-year time horizon. Results The probability of ESBL-EC transmission depended on the household composition and the profile of the initial carrier. In the two-person household, the probability of ESBL-EC transmission was 5.3% (95% CI 5.0-5.6) or 6.6% (6.3-6.9) when the index person was a woman or a man, respectively. In a four-person household, the probability of transmission varied from 61.4% (60.9-62.0) to 68.8% (68.3- 69.3) and was the highest when the index patient was the baby. Improving HH by 50% reduced the probability of transmission by 33-62%. Antibiotic restriction by 50% reduced the transmission by 2-6%.Conclusions The transmission of ESBL-EC is frequent in households and especially those with a baby. Antibiotic reduction had little impact on ESBL-EC. Improvement of hygiene in the community could help prevent transmission of ESBL-EC.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of placenta previa with and without coverage of a uterine scar: A retrospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Rao Jiaming , Fan Dazhi , Zhou Zixing , Chen Gengdong , Li Pengsheng , Ma Huiting , Lin Dongxin , Wu Shuzhen , Zhang Huishan , Liu Yan , Guo Xiaoling , Liu Zhengping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

To compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes of placenta previa (PP) with and without coverage of a uterine scar in Foshan, China.
Methods

A retrospective cohort study comparing all singleton pregnancies with PP was conducted at a tertiary, university-affiliated medical center from 1 January 2012 to 31 April 2017 in Foshan, China. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from electronic medical records. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of PP with and without coverage of a uterine scar were compared by statistical method.
Results

There were 58,062 deliveries during the study period, of which 738 (1.27%) were complicated PP in singleton pregnancies and were further classified into two groups: the PP with coverage of a uterine scar group (PPCS, n = 166) and the PP without coverage of a uterine scar group (Non-PPCS, n = 572). Overall, premature birth (< 37 weeks,68.1% vs 54.8%; P = 0.010), cesarean section(100% vs 97.6%; P = 0.042), Intraoperative blood loss > 1000 ml (78.3% vs 16.0%; P < 0.001) or > 3000 ml (29.5% vs 3.0%; P < 0.001), postpartum hemorrhage(48.8% vs 15.7%; P < 0.001), transfusion (35.2% vs 16.1%; P < 0.001), hemorrhage shock(8.4% vs 1.9%; P < 0.001), hysterectomy (3.0% vs 0.5%; P = 0.006) and fetal distress (36.1% vs 12.0%; P < 0.001) had a significant difference between PPCS group and Non-PPCS group. After grouping by whether complicated with AIP, we found that PPCS was significant associated with more intraoperative blood loss༞1000 ml, intraoperative blood loss༞3000 ml, bleeding within 2–24 hours after delivery, fetal distress and higher hospitalization expenses than the Non-PPCS group. After grouping by whether complicated with AIP and different placenta positions(Anterior, Posterior and Ante-posterior or laterally positioned), we found that PPCS was significant associated with more intraoperative blood loss༞1000 ml and higher hospitalization expenses than the Non-PPCS in AIP women and more intraoperative blood loss༞1000 ml, postpartum hemorrhage and higher hospitalization expenses in Non-AIP women.
Conclusion

The PPCS group had poorer maternal and neonatal outcomes than the Non-PPCS group after grouping by whether pregnancies complicated with AIP or with different placental positions.
Efficiency Of Atorvastatin On In-Hospital Mortality Of Patients With Acute Aortic Dissection (Aad): Study Protocol For A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Yequn , Xiong Nianling , Wang Xin , Wu Shiwan , Hong Liangli , Huang Xiru , Chen Chang , Li Weiping , Wang Bin , Ye Shu , Tan Xuerui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia and local inflammation at sites of lipid deposition on blood vessel walls have been demonstrated to be risk factors for patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Statins have anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects, which suggest that statins may play an important role in prevention and treatment of AAD. Some retrospective studies show that statins can protect patients with aortic dissection. However, the effect of statins on survival of AAD patients have been scarcely investigated, especially in randomized trials. In this study, we will perform a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effect of statins on in-hospital mortality of AAD patients. Methods: A total of 384 subjects diagnosed with AAD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College will be recruited. Participants will be randomly divided into atorvastatin-treated or placebo groups. The primary outcome will be the in-hospital mortality. Discussion: This study is designed to verify the safety and efficacy of atorvastatin in patients with AAD. The aim is to provide a new way to improve survival as a complement to conventional drug therapy.Trial registration: Registered by Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (Registration number:ChiCTR1900023515,http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=38275&htm=4).Registered 1 June 2019.
Restless abdomen: a spectrum or a phenotype variant of restless legs syndrome?
Authors: Wang Xi-Xi , Zhu Xiao-Ying , Wang Zan , Dong Jian-Wei , Ondo William G. , Wu Yun-Cheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: With the growing awareness of restless legs syndrome (RLS), sensory disorders similar to RLS but initially confined to the arms, abdomen, and perineum have been reported. One of them is restless abdomen, which refers to a restless sensation in abdomen. Our study is designed to evaluate the clinical phenotype of restless abdomen and investigate its relationship with RLS.Methods: We enrolled 10 patients with restless abdomen according to RLS diagnostic criteria, excluding the requiring of leg involvement. Laboratory examinations were performed to exclude mimics and notable comorbidities.Results: All 10 patients had RLS like symptoms in the abdomen and otherwise satisfied all other RLS diagnostic criteria, and responded to dopaminergic therapy.Conclusions: Neurologists and gastroenterologists should be aware that RLS-related restlessness can occur in extra-leg anatomy in the absence of episodes of worsening or augmentation of restlessness.
Altered dopaminergic pathways and therapeutic effects of intranasal dopamine in two distinct mouse models of autism
Authors: Chao Owen Y , Pathak Salil S , Zhang Hao , Dunaway Nathan , Li Jay-Shake , Mattern Claudia , Nikolaus Susanne , Huston Joseph P , Yang Yi-Mei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The dopamine (DA) system has a profound impact on reward-motivated behavior and is critically involved in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although DA defects are found in autistic patients, it is not well defined how the DA pathways are altered in ASD and whether DA can be utilized as a potential therapeutic agent for ASD. To this end, we employed a phenotypic and a genetic ASD model, i.e., Black and Tan BRachyury T + Itpr3 tf /J (BTBR) mice and Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 knockout ( Fmr1 -KO) mice, respectively. Immunostaining of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to mark dopaminergic neurons revealed an overall reduction in the TH expression in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and dorsal striatum of BTBR mice, as compared to C57BL/6J wild-type ones. In contrast, Fmr1 -KO animals did not show such an alteration but displayed abnormal morphology of TH-positive axons in the striatum with higher “complexity” and lower “texture”. Both strains exhibited decreased expression of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) and increased spatial coupling between vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1, a label for glutamatergic terminals) and TH signals, while GABAergic neurons quantified by glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) remained intact. Intranasal administration of DA rescued the deficits in non-selective attention, object-based attention and social approaching of BTBR mice, likely by enhancing the level of TH in the striatum. Application of intranasal DA to Fmr1- KO animals alleviated their impairment of social novelty, in association with reduced striatal TH protein. These results suggest that although the DA system is modified differently in the two ASD models, intranasal treatment with DA effectively rectifies their behavioral phenotypes, which may present a promising therapy for diverse types of ASD.
Comparative Study On Indoor Air Quality Variation While Burning Differnet Firewood Species In Gatlang, Rasuwa, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Anu , Parajuli Indira 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) from smoky cooking fires causes deaths over 22,800 per year being the fourth leading cause of death in Nepal. The study aims to compare the pollution level particularly Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in different firewood species. Two households one with ICS and TCS is selected purposively to monitor the concentration of pollutants in Ward no. 3 of Gatlang, Rasuwa, Nepal. IAP Meter based on Laser Sensor principle is used to monitor real time concentration of PM2.5 and CO concentration. 24 hours mean concentration of PM2.5 and 8hours mean average concentration of CO are found to be above the WHO and National Indoor Air Quality Guidelines i.e. For ICS using household the concentration is found to be 155.26µg/m3 and 9ppm respectively and household using TCS is found to be 385.12µg/m3 and 12.2ppm). Both concentrations are found less in Abies Spectabilis than other species. Positive correlation is found in both households along with moisture content, amount of firewood used, etc. This result suggests the use of Abies Spectabilis as it emits less emission as compared to other species as it has less moisture content that reduces the concentration of air pollution.
Restoring a butterfly hot spot by large ungulates refaunation: The case of the Milovice military training range, Czech Republic
Authors: Konvicka Martin , Ričl David , Vodičková Veronika , Beneš Jiří , Jirků Miloslav 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Refaunation by large ungulates represents a cost-efficient approach to managing natural biotopes. We studied butterflies inhabiting grasslands of the former Milovice military training range in the Czech Republic, grazed since 2015 by a combination of Exmoor pony (“wild” horse), Tauros cattle (“aurochs”) and European wisent. Methods: We compared presence-absence patterns from two surveys preceding the refaunation, one immediately after military use termination (early 1990s), the other prior to the refaunation (2009), with the current (2016–19) results of monitoring 8 grazed and 8 ungrazed plots. We analysed the life history, climatic and conservation-related traits of recorded butterflies to gain insights into the ungulates’ impacts. Results: Following the termination of military use, several poorly mobile species displaying broad oceanity niches were lost. Newly gained species are more mobile and prefer warmer continental conditions. Currently, numbers of butterfly species do not differ between refaunated and neglected plots, but the former hosted higher abundances. Butterflies developing on coarse grasses and shrubs inclined towards neglected plots, whereas refaunated plots supported species developing on small forbs. Conclusion: The changes in species composition following the cessation of military use are attributable to successional change, coupled with climate-driven expansion of thermophilous and mobile species. By blocking succession, large ungulates support butterflies depending on competitively poor plants. Preserving butterflies of late-successional stages is ensured by the diverse setting of the reserves and by the relatively low ungulate densities.
Medical students’ self-reported gender discrimination and sexual harassment over time
Authors: Kisiel Marta Alina , Kühner Sofia , Stolare Karin , Lampa Erik , Wohlin Martin , Johnston Nina , Rask-Andersen Anna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundGender discrimination (GD) and sexual harassment (SH) occur at all academic institutions worldwide. Medical students seem particularly affected, which may negatively affect their education and health. There are indications that policies and reforms on reducing GD/SH are insufficient. Swedish medical students’ experiences of GD/SH are monitored by course-evaluations and bi-annual student union evaluations; however, the response rate is usually low. The aim of this study was to compare the exposure to and context of self-reported GD/SH over an 11-year period amongst medical students at a Swedish university.MethodsIn 2002, a questionnaire (n=622) was mailed to medical students’ home addresses. It was repeated in 2013 and then distributed during mandatory lectures (n=856). The questions used a behavioristic approach and asked about specific GH/SH experiences. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. The changes in prevalence over time were calculated by sampling weights in order to obtain comparable estimates, representative of both cohorts.ResultsThe response frequency was 55% (62% women) in 2002 and 81% (59% women) in 2013. The prevalence of GD tended to decrease for male and clinical students in comparison to female and pre-clinical peers. However, the prevalence of SH increased for female compared to male students. The ratio of SH for female pre-clinical students doubled in many instances; most often, the mistreatment occurred in the clinic. Medical doctors were indicated as perpetrators up to five times more often by all students in 2013.ConclusionOur results show a disproportional change in exposure to GD/SH between female and male medical students, resulting in a widening of the gender gap regarding prevalence of GD and SH between 2002 and 2013. In particular, personal experiences of SH increased for both sexes. It is proof that institutional efforts to fight mistreatment might be ineffective.
Exploring perspectives on antimicrobial stewardship: a qualitative study of health managers in Kenya
Authors: Mbugua Samuel MUNGAI , Njoroge George , Kijogi Caroline , Kamita Moses , Kimani Rachel , Mwaura Peter , Waiganjo-Aidi Bibianne Wanja , Gitaka Jesse 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health concern with the establishment of antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals being obligatory now more than ever. The perspectives and insights of health managers on antimicrobial stewardship, the complementary health services and building blocks are imperative towards implementation of robust antimicrobial stewardship programs.Methods: A cross-sectional, qualitative, multicenter study was conducted in three hospitals in Kenya. Key-informant, face-to-face interviews with hospital health managers were carried out on their perspectives on antimicrobial stewardship. Qualitative data was captured using audio tapes and field notes, transcribed and managed using QSR Nvivo 12 software. An iterative process was used to develop the thematic framework and updated in two rounds of iteration analysis. Analysis charts for each emergent theme were developed and categorized across all participants.Results: Perspectives on antimicrobial stewardship are described in five thematic categories; Importance of antimicrobial stewardship and the role of medicines and therapeutics committee, availability of an antimicrobial formulary and usage surveillance systems, Laboratory competency and recommendations for infection prevention and management, Educational resources and communications channels available, Building blocks and low-lying fruits for ASCs. The role of stewardship collaboration in diagnosis and antimicrobial prescription was alluded to with managers indicating a growing rise in occurrence of antimicrobial resistance. There was no contextualized, hospital specific antimicrobial formulary based on the local antibiograms in any of the hospitals. Lack of adequate laboratory competency was a major deficit with most hospitals lacking culture and sensitivity testing services. Staff training and communication channels were available in varying capacity across the three hospitals. Building blocks identified include medicines and therapeutics committee, education and training platforms (CMEs and CPDs) and hospital leadership commitment towards antimicrobial stewardship.Conclusions: The findings underpin the importance of understanding and incorporating the perspectives of health managers on the existing contextual mechanisms that can be leveraged on to establish robust AMS programs in the fight against AMR.
Near-field cavity optomechanical coupling in a compound semiconductor nanowire
Authors: Asano Motoki , Zhang Guoqiang , Tawara Takehiko , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Okamoto Hajime 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A III-V compound semiconductor nanowire is an attractive material for a novel hybrid quantum interface that interconnects photons, electrons, and phonons through a wavelength-tunable quantum structure embedded in its free-standing structure. In such a nanomechanical element, however, a challenge is how to detect and manipulate a small number of phonons via its tiny mechanical motion. A solution would be to couple an optical cavity to a nanowire by introducing the "cavity optomechanics" framework, but the typical size difference between them becomes a barrier to achieving this. Here, we demonstrate near-field coupling of a silica microsphere cavity and an epitaxially grown InP/InAs free-standing nanowire. The evanescent optomechanical coupling enables not only fine probing of the mechanical motion by balanced homodyne interferometry but also tuning of the resonance frequency, linewidth, Duffing nonlinearity, and vibration axis in the nanowire. Combining this cavity optomechanics with epitaxial nanowire engineering opens the way to novel quantum metrology and information processing.