bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation study on Multi-parameter Detection method of polluted Water quality based on Sponge City
Authors: Zhong Wei , Zhao Xinfei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
With the accelerated pace of urbanization, the construction of sponge cities is particularly essential for maintaining the ecological environment. Given the traditional multiparameter detection of heavily polluted water quality in cities, there are many problems, such as long completion time, low accuracy, high cost. A multi-parameter detection method of water quality based on the random forest classification algorithm is proposed. Through the analysis of urban heavily contaminated water quality, the probability synthesis matrix of heavily polluted water quality index is obtained by combining the water quality fluctuation probability of a single parameter and the dynamic correlation coefficient of multi-parameters. The membership function of the fluctuation of the treated water quality index is obtained, and the weak correlation among the water quality indexes is removed by the obtained membership function, and the strong relationship characteristic quantity of the water quality index is obtained, which is input into the random forest classifier to complete the multi-parameter detection of river water quality.
Research on Rapid Vegetation Extraction Based on UAV image in Desert and Gobi Area
Authors: zhaoming Wang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, high-resolution uav platform and motion structure modeling technology were used to research. Based on uav-image, vegetation coverage was automatically estimated by decision tree algorithm, and superimposed with DEM data to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of vegetation in gobi region and its relationship with terrain. The results show that, based on the high definition image of UAV, the uav high precision image analysis platform is used to extract the sparse vegetation coverage in the Gobi region, and good accuracy is obtained. The use of uav image data has a good applicability for analyzing the sparse vegetation distribution characteristics in the Gobi region.
Solution of seepage field in different soil layers of concrete dam foundation by flow net method
Authors: Zhang Miao , Yao Duoxi , Lu Haifeng , Wang Hang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Because of the seepage problem of concrete dam foundation, the water head, pore water pressure, hydraulic gradient and seepage velocity of each point in the seepage field are obtained by drawing flow net, and finally the seepage flow is obtained to predict the seepage of dam foundation. In this paper, the flow net diagram is used to solve the pore water pressure at the fixed point of the dam foundation soil layer under three different conditions: homogeneous isotropy, homogeneous anisotropy and layered soil. The calculation accuracy of the flow net method is verified through the calculation with the finite difference software FLAC3D numerical analysis. The results indicated that the pore water pressure of the three kinds of dam foundation soil layers calculated by the flow net method is more similar from that calculated by the numerical method, which indicates that the flow net method has high accuracy and can be used in some engineering practice with difficult modeling.
Study on Transformation and Migration of Antimony Impurity in Wet Recovery of Waste Lead Paste
Authors: Cao Huiqiu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The existing forms of antimony impurities in lead paste were analyzed, and the migration and transformation rules of antimony impurities in the process of recovering waste lead paste by leaching with organic acid system were studied. The experimental results show that when the dosage of leaching agent is constant, the more impurities transfer to the filtrate with the extension of reaction time. The conversion rate of antimony is relatively high, reaching about 97.0%. Cycle experiments show that with the increase of cycle times, the antimony content in the liquid phase decreases. By the third cycle, the proportion of antimony entering the filtrate is only 38%, and most antimony impurities enter the solid phase.
LCA evaluation system and benefit analysis of green Highway technology
Authors: Li Feifei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of all kinds of green road technology is difficult to compare with, energy conservation and emissions reduction from the technical feasibility and economic benefits, etc. Build green road technologies LCA evaluation system is put forward, and with G312 Suzhou western engineering comprehensive benefit analysis as an example, the comprehensive benefit of the most significant, have scale, resource investment suitable green road technologies; the breakthrough and innovation of technical bottleneck problem is the fundamental power to promote the development of green highway. The premise of integrating green concept into the whole life cycle of highway construction is not only the preliminary planning layout research according to local conditions, but also the basis of reasonable selection of suitable green highway technology.
Application of Enzyme Technology in Food Processing and Testing
Authors: Tianfei Dong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The enzyme itself is a catalyst, which can undergo hydrolysis reaction, oxidation reaction and synthesis reaction, and the safety and reaction efficiency of enzyme technology are relatively high. The effective application of enzyme technology in food processing and food testing can improve processing efficiency and testing efficiency. Research and analyze the specific application of enzyme technology in food processing and testing, and explore the application value of enzyme technology. It can promote the further development of enzyme technology and has a positive significance for promoting the long-term healthy development of my country’s food processing industry.
The bitter truth about gate-based quantum algorithms in the NISQ era
Authors: Leymann Frank , Barzen Johanna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Implementing a gate-based quantum algorithm on an noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) device has several challenges that arise from the fact that such devices are noisy and have limited quantum resources. Thus, various factors contributing to the depth and width as well as to the noise of an implementation of a gate-based algorithm must be understood in order to assess whether an implementation will execute successfully on a given NISQ device. In this contribution, we discuss these factors and their impact on algorithm implementations. Especially, we will cover state preparation, oracle expansion, connectivity, circuit rewriting, and readout: these factors are very often ignored when presenting a gate-based algorithm but they are crucial when implementing such an algorithm on near-term quantum computers. Our contribution will help developers in charge of realizing gate-based algorithms on such machines in (i) achieving an executable implementation, and (ii) assessing the success of their implementation on a given machine.
Perovskite solar cell performance assessment
Authors: Unger Eva , Paramasivam Gopinath , Abate Antonio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Astounding progress in achieved power conversion efficiencies of solar cells based on metal-halide perovskite semiconductors has been achieved. Viable assessment of the long-term device performance is, therefore, now the most critical aspect to reliably predict device’s long-term performance. Standard testing protocols to enable cross-laboratory comparison need to be established and adopted. Apart from protocols targeting the assessment of device performance and stability, procedures to investigate potential meta-stabilities in devices under different operation conditions are required to describe degradation mechanisms. This understanding will guide further optimization of materials and devices. In this perspective, we emphasize the importance of wide-spread reporting of experimental data in common databases to keep track of the state-of-the-art of perovskite solar cell performance and stability achieved.
Hybrid photoanodes for visible light-driven water oxidation: the beneficial and detrimental effects of nickel oxide cocatalyst
Authors: Longchin Pimchanok , Mitoraj Dariusz , Reyes Oliver Mendoza , Adler Christiane , Wetchakun Natda , Beranek Radim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hybrid photoanodes comprising polymer-based light absorbers coupled to oxygen-evolving cocatalysts represent a promising, yes still underdeveloped, approach to photoelectrochemical splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen. In this study, we investigate nickel oxide (NiO
x
) nanoparticles as a water oxidation catalyst in hybrid photoanodes based on polymeric carbon nitride (CN
x
) supported on electron-collecting mesoporous TiO2 support. The performance of the resulting TiO2–CN
x
/NiO
x
photoanodes is evaluated with respect to our previous results on hybrid TiO2–CN
x
photoanodes modified with IrO
x
and CoO(OH)
x
cocatalysts. The deposition of NiO
x
into TiO2–CN
x
photoanodes enhances significantly the photocurrent (from <8 μA to >250 μA cm–2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE) under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm, ∼200 mW cm−2) and triggers the photoelectrocatalytic oxygen evolution. No oxygen evolution was observed without a cocatalyst. As compared to photoanodes modified with IrO
x
or CoO(OH)
x
, the TiO2–CN
x
/NiO
x
photoanodes excel by the very negative photocurrent onset potential (0 V vs. RHE), which we ascribe to good hole-extracting properties of NiO
x
. However, the comparatively low Faradaic efficiencies for oxygen evolution (∼18%) and dramatically decreased operational stability of the photoanodes indicate that the extracted holes do not efficiently oxidize water to dioxygen, but instead accumulate in the NiO
x
particles and increase thus the oxidative photodegradation of the photoanodes. Our study highlights the fact that employing outstanding electrocatalysts like NiO
x
in photoelectrochemical water-splitting systems does not necessarily lead to satisfactory results, especially when the photoelectrode cannot be operated at optimal pH due to light absorber stability issues.
Minimum weight disk triangulations and fillings
Authors: Benjamini Itai , Lubetzky Eyal , Peled Yuval 
Published: August 2020

We study the minimum total weight of a disk triangulation using vertices out of{1,…,n}\{1,\ldots ,n\}, where the boundary is the triangle(123)(123)and the(n3)\binom {n}3triangles have independent weights, e.g. Exp(1)\mathrm {Exp}(1)or U(0,1)\mathrm {U}(0,1). We show that for explicit constantsc1,c2>0c_1,c_2>0, this minimum isc1log⁡nn+c2log⁡log⁡nn+Ynnc_1 \frac {\log n}{\sqrt n} + c_2 \frac {\log \log n}{\sqrt n} + \frac {Y_n}{\sqrt n}, where the random variableYnY_nis tight, and it is attained by a triangulation that consists of14log⁡n+OP(log⁡n)\frac 14\log n + O_{P}(\sqrt {\log n})vertices. Moreover, for disk triangulations that are canonical, in that no inner triangle contains all but O(1)O(1)of the vertices, the minimum weight has the above form with the law ofYnY_nconverging weakly to a shifted Gumbel. In addition, we prove that, with high probability, the minimum weights of a homological filling and a homotopical filling of the cycle(123)(123)are both attained by the minimum weight disk triangulation.
Bicuspid aortic valve and aortopathy: novel prognostic predictors for the identification of high-risk patients
Authors: Longobardo Luca , Carerj Scipione , Bitto Alessandra , Cusmà-Piccione Maurizio , Carerj Maria Ludovica , Calabrò Maria Pia , Di Bella Gianluca , Licordari Roberto , Squadrito Francesco , Khandheria Bijoy K , Zito Concetta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) may be complicated by aortic aneurysms and dissection. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic efficacy of markers from cardiac imaging, as well as genetic and new biomarkers, to early predict aortic complications.

Methods and results
We re-evaluated after a mean time of 48 ± 11 months 47 BAV patients who had undergone previous echocardiography for evaluation of aortic stiffness and 2D aortic longitudinal strain (LS) (by speckle-tracking analysis), and who had given a blood sample for the assessment of a single-nucleotide polymorphism of elastin gene (ELN rs2 071307) and quantification of elastin soluble fragments (ESF). Surgical treatment of aortic aneurysm/dissection was the primary endpoint, and an aortic dimension increase (of one or more aortic segments) ≥1 mm/year was the secondary endpoint. Nine patients underwent surgical treatment of ascending aorta (AA) aneurysms. Out of the 38 patients who did not need surgical intervention, 16 showed an increase of aortic root and/or AA dimension ≥1 mm/year. At multivariate Cox regression analysis, an impaired AA LS was an independent predictor of aortic surgery [P = 0.04; hazard ratio (HR) 0.961; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.924–0.984] and aortic dilatation (P = 0.007; HR 0.960; 95% CI 0.932–0.989). An increased quantity of ESF was correlated (P = 0.015) with the primary endpoint at univariate Cox regression analysis but it did not keep statistical significance at multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
In BAV patients, impairment of elastic properties of the AA, as assessed by 2D LS, is an effective predictor of aortic complications.
Drivers of richness and community composition of fungal endophytes of tree seeds
Authors: Franić Iva , Eschen René , Allan Eric , Hartmann Martin , Schneider Salome , Prospero Simone 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTRecent studies revealed a high diversity of fungal endophytes in traded tree seeds, including potential plant pathogens. The factors determining richness and composition of seed mycobiomes are poorly understood, but might be an important determinant for tree health. We assessed the relative impact of host identity, site, several site-specific environmental factors, and whether the host was sampled in its native or non-native distribution range, on the richness and composition of fungal seed endophytes of nine tree species across 15 sites in Europe and North America. Our results show that fungal richness was affected by host identity, but not by environmental variables or host distribution range. Fungal community composition was primarily driven by host identity, and to a lesser extent by environment. Around 25% of the 2147 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were generalists appearing on both continents and in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. Around 63% of the ASVs appeared in only gymnosperms or angiosperms, and 33% of the ASVs were associated with a single host species, while none were found in all tree species. Our results suggest that although seed trade might facilitate movements of fungi, their establishment and spread in the new environment might be limited by host availability.
African regional progress and status of the programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: 2000–2020
Authors: Deribe Kebede , Bakajika Didier K , Zoure Honorat Marie-Gustave , Gyapong John O , Molyneux David H , Rebollo Maria P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) by 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a campaign against the disease. Since the launch in 2000, significant progress has been made to achieve this ambitious goal. In this article we review the progress and status of the LF programme in Africa through the WHO neglected tropical diseases preventive chemotherapy databank, the Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases (ESPEN) portal and other publications. In the African Region there are 35 countries endemic for LF. The Gambia was reclassified as not requiring preventive chemotherapy in 2015, while Togo and Malawi eliminated LF as a public health problem in 2017 and 2020, respectively. Cameroon discontinued mass drug administration (MDA) and transitioned to post-MDA surveillance to validate elimination. The trajectory of coverage continues to accelerate; treatment coverage increased from 0.1% in 2000 to 62.1% in 2018. Geographical coverage has also significantly increased, from 62.7% in 2015 to 78.5% in 2018. In 2019, 23 of 31 countries requiring MDA achieved 100% geographic coverage. Although much remains to be done, morbidity management and disability prevention services have steadily increased in recent years. Vector control interventions conducted by other programmes, particularly malaria vector control, have had a profound effect in stopping transmission in some endemic countries in the region. In conclusion, significant progress has been made in the LF programme in the region while we identify the key remaining challenges in achieving an Africa free of LF.
Should domestic violence be or not a public crime?
Authors: Moreira Diana Nadine , Pinto da Costa Mariana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDomestic violence has been addressed in public policies and law reforms in many countries to target its identification and provide increased support to those affected. In some countries, reporting domestic violence is mandatory, which means that anyone not only ‘can’ but also ‘must’ file a report, which is enough to progress the criminal proceedings, even against the victim’s will. This article provides an overview about the importance of the clinicians’ duty of care, debating whether or not domestic violence should be a public crime.MethodsA narrative review on the subject of mandatory reporting of domestic violence, conducting a search of PubMed.ResultsTwenty studies were retrieved. Commonly victims agree with mandatory reporting. However, there are still several concerns voiced by both victims and health care workers that need to be further addressed.ConclusionThis article addresses the importance and limitations of mandatory reporting while acknowledging the impact of these measures in both the victim and the accused.
Evaluation of dimethoate toxicity on fertilization and on embryonic development of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)
Authors: Scalisi Elena Maria , Pecoraro Roberta , Salvaggio Antonio , Corsaro Aurora , Messina Giuseppina , Ignoto Sara , Lombardo Bianca Maria , Brundo Maria Violetta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Organophosphates are a large class of chemicals with anticholinesterase action insecticides. Dimethoate belongs to the class of organophosphates and it is used for agriculture purpose. Its main toxicological role in animals and humans is the inhibition of the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Although it is not considered genotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogen, there is evidence of increased pup mortality in developmental neurotoxicity studies. Since there is scant published literature about developmental toxicity, we investigated the adverse effects of dimethoate on fertilization and embryonic development in sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus), a model organism widely used to assess the toxicity of contaminants on environmental matrices; so pesticide residues can be released into the environment, and could affect the health of organisms, including humans. Different solution of dimethoate (4 × 10−3, 4 × 10−4, 4 × 10−5, 4 × 10−6 and 4 × 10−7 g/10 ml) have been tested on spermatozoa of P. lividus to evaluate the fertilizing ability of them when we added egg cells untreated. We demonstrated that dimethoate does not interfere with fertilizing ability of spermatozoa but egg cells fertilized by treated spermatozoa showed alterations in the segmentation planes as asymmetric and/or asynchronous cell divisions.
Strategy for the Practice of Spine Oncological Surgery During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Berjano Pedro , Vanni Daniele , Fariselli Laura , Cecchinato Riccardo , Boriani Stefano 
Published: August 2020

Study Design.
Case series.

Objective.
For each of the most frequent clinical scenarios, the authors reached a consensus on how should be timing and indications be optimized to reduce risk while maintaining the expected outcomes under the Covid-19 pandemics.

Summary of Background Data.
The organization of health care has been changed by the Covid-19 pandemic with a direct impact on Spine Oncology Surgery. Emergency surgery is still a priority, but in case of spinal tumors it should be better defined which conditions require emergency treatment.

Methods.
An expert panel with general spine surgeons, oncological spine surgeons, and radiation oncologists was formed to analyze the most frequent scenarios in spinal musculoskeletal oncology during Covid-19 pandemics.

Results.
Spine metastases can be found incidentally during follow-up or can clinically occur by increasing pain, pathologic fracture, and/or neurological symptoms. Primary spine tumors are much more rare and very rarely present with acute onset. The first step is to suspect this rare condition, to avoid to treat a primary tumor as it were a metastasis. Most complex surgery, like en bloc resection, associated with high morbidity and mortality rate for the treatment of low grade malignancy like chordoma or chondrosarcomas, if intensive care unit availability is reduced, can be best delayed some weeks, as not impacting on prognosis, due to the slow growth rate of these conditions. The currently accepted protocols for Ewing sarcoma (ES) and osteogenic sarcoma must be performed for local and systemic disease control. For ES, after the first courses of chemotherapy, radiotherapy can be selected instead of surgery, during Covid-19, to the end of the full course of chemotherapy. In immunocompromised patients, (treated by chemotherapy), it is necessary to avoid contact with affected or exposed people.

Conclusion.
Even more than during normal times, a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory to share the decision to modify a treatment strategy.

Level of Evidence: 5
MRI During Spinal Loading Reveals Intervertebral Disc Behavior Corresponding to Discogram Findings of Annular Fissures and Pain Provocation
Authors: Torén Leif , Lagerstrand Kerstin , Waldenberg Christian , Brisby Helena , Hebelka Hanna 
Published: August 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether spinal loading, depicted with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), induces regional intervertebral disc (IVD) differences associated with presence and width of annular fissure and induced pain at discography.

Summary of Background Data.
Annular fissures play a role in low back pain (LBP) but cannot be accurately characterized with conventional MRI. Recently, annular fissures were suggested to influence different load-induced IVD behavior during MRI when comparing LBP-patients and controls. Thus, the loading effect could characterize behavior related to annular fissures noninvasively with MRI.

Methods.
Lumbar spines of 30 LBP-patients were investigated with MRI with and without loading, discography and CT. Five IVD regions were outlined on sagittal MRI images. Difference in normalized signal intensity (SI) with and without loading was calculated for each region. Eighty-three CT-discograms were graded regarding presence and width of fissures. Discograms were classified as pain-positive if a concordant pain response was obtained at a pressure <50 psi.

Results.
Comparing IVDs with outer fissures with IVDs without fissures, loading induced different behavior in the two ventral regions and in the posterior region. Higher SI increase in the central region was induced in IVDs with narrower fissures compared to IVDs with wider fissures. In the group of pain-negative discograms, a SI decrease was induced in the dorsal region whereas lack of such in the pain-positive group.

Conclusion.
The spinal loading-effect, depicted with MRI, reveals different regional behaviors between IVDs with outer fissures compared to those without, and between IVDs with narrow and broad fissures, as well as within posterior annulus between pain-positive and pain-negative discograms. Findings are of importance for future attempts to uncover phenotypes of painful IVDs.

Level of Evidence: 2