bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The globalization in highlights: achievements and genetic risks
Authors: Baranovsky D. I. , Khokhlov A. M. , Danilova T. M. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. A large-scale selection is based on the use of modern achievements of population genetics, creation of automatic informative systems with the help of electronic counting equipment, modelling and optimization of the selecting programs on EOM and modern biological technologies of recreation of animals. Centralization of selecting work enables to conduct genetic development of large number of dairy cattle within separate breeds with the effective use of achievements of practical selection in separate herds. Methods. In the conditions of large-scale selection the combination of pedigree, reproductive and marketable herds takes place in the only selective process. The aim of selective program is to transfer the selective achievements from the active part of the breed to the whole herd of the population. In terms of implementation of large-scale selection system there is a problem of optimal amount of lines in the population of separate breeds. There are three lines and three genealogical groups in the Holstein breed (more than 10 ml cows). Due to F.F. Eysner (1986), to conduct effective selective work in the breeds of narrow natural habitat of distribution it is necessary to have 6-8 lines and for wide natural habitat – not less than 15–20 lines. Results. Reduction of factory lines and genealogical groups in Holstein breed leads to reduction of genetic variety and unsystematic use of sperm of male-leaders results in the family mating. Moreover if males with their own genes and genes of their cubs in genotype are used, the frequency of genetic anomalies in pedigree population increases very fast. Conclusions. The work with the use of male-producers must be conducted under permanent genetic control. All males and their female cubs selected for the experiment must be identified according to the factors of blood types. Besides, male-producer leaders must be checked to determine if they have anomalies in chromosomes and lethal factors in perspective. Intensive use of male-improvers, estimated by their cubs is the base for effective large-scale selection of dairy cattle breed.
Keywords: large-scale selection, breed, line, genotype, chromosome anomalies.
Characteristics of mutant soybean lines at Satt100 and Satt319 loci linked with E7 gene
Authors: Zharikova D. O. , Chebotar G. O. , Vilgota M. V. , Temchenko I. V. , Chebotar S. V. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. Аnalysis of genetic polymorphism of microsatellite loci Satt100 and Satt319 in 10 lines obtained by chemical mutagenesis, and 4 parental varieties – Oksana, Femida, Zolotysta, Podil’s’ka 416. Satt100 and Satt319 are flanking E7gene, which determines sensitivity of soybean to the length of the day in ripening phase. Methods. DNA were isolated from soybean seeds using the kit NeoPrep100 DNA. PCR were performed with microsatellites Satt100 and Satt319. The PCR products were fractionated in 7% polyacrylamide gels. Results. In the investigated lines were detected 5 alleles at the Satt100 locus and 3 alleles at the Satt319 locus. 42.9 % of the varieties and lines in this study were carriers of the «E» allele for Satt100. According to analysis of locus Satt319 64.2 % of varieties and lines were the carriers of «B» allele. Conclusions. Variety Oksana, mutant lines Oksana M №12, Femida M №29 – are carriers of the dominant allele E7. Variety Zolotysta and five mutant lines have recessive allele e7. In 75 % cases we have detected changes of alleles at microsatellite loci in mutant lines in comparison with parental forms. We assume that mutagenic reagents could affect at generative organs of soybean and lead totheir open flowering and crosspollinations.
Keywords: Glycine max (L.), soybean, gene E7, microsatellite markers, photoperiodic sensitivity.
Heterosis models of corn hybrids of different maturity groups FAO 150-490 under irrigated conditions
Authors: Lavrynenko Yu. O. , Bazaliy V. V. , Vozhegova R. A. , Bodenko N. A. , Marchenko T. Yu. , Mykhalenko I. V. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. The aim of this work was to develop heterosis models of corn hybrids FAO 150–490 for irrigation conditions. A morpho-physiological model was developed and the FAO 150–490 corn hybrids were created on its basis for irrigation conditions of the South of Ukraine with grain yield 11–17 t/ha. Methods. The general scientific, special selection genetic, computational and comparative research methods were used. Results. The results of multi- years research for morpho-physiological and heterozyotic models of corn hybrids of different maturity groups within the conditions of irrigation were presented. The main parameters of models of maize hybrids of different FAO groups are determined. The parameters of heterozosis models are determined and the lines with high combining ability were created, which are involved in the pedigree of early-ripening, early ripe medium group, mid-ripening, middle-late and late maturity groups of newly created hybrids. These hybrids have not shown the yield increase during the optimization technology for grain growing. There were defined corn hybrids intensive type which provide grain yield of 15–17 t/ha. Conclusions. There were created new innovative FAO corn hybrids 150–600 for irrigation conditions, which are possessing a complex of economic complex and valuable features which are able to form high yields during the irrigation (11–17 t/ha). The morpho-biological features that determine grain yield are steadily implemented only at high soil fertility. For this reason the selection phenotype is reliable only in favorable conditions. The differentiating ability of the environment within a high soil fertility is more than in close-extreme conditions.
Keywords: corn, maize, model, hybrid, irrigation, group maturity, yield.
LES OBSTACLES AU DÉVELOPPEMENT INDUSTRIEL DE L’AFRIQUE
Authors: Totouom Armand 
Published: March 2020

Les statistiques indiquent que la part de l’Afrique dans la valeur ajoutée manufacturière mondiale n’est que d’environ 1,6 % en 2014 (UNIDO, 2016). Cette faible performance industrielle du continent africain est quelque peu décevante au regard du potentiel d’attraction des investissements qu’il dispose. L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier les obstacles au développement industriel de l’Afrique. L’argumentation développée s’appuie à la fois sur la littérature et sur les statistiques existantes. L’article montre que le faible niveau des infrastructures des pays africains, en particulier les infrastructures de transport, de télécommunications, et d’énergie constitue un frein majeur à l’émergence industrielle du continent. Le manque de vision politique, l’instabilité politique, la faiblesse de la taille du marché, les difficultés d’accès au financement, et le faible niveau du capital humain sont également mis en évidence comme entraves majeures à l’industrialisation du continent.
Albumin promotes proliferation of G1 arrested serum starved hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Ibrahim Badr , Stange Jan , Dominik Adrian , Sauer Martin , Doss Sandra , Eggert Martin 
Published: March 2020

Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and functions as a transport molecule that continuously interacts with various cell types. Because of these properties, albumin has been exploited by the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug delivery into target cells. The immediate effects of albumin on cells, however, require further understanding. The cell interacting properties and pharmaceutical applications of albumin incentivises continual research into the immediate effects of albumin on cells. The HepG2/C3A hepatocellular carcinoma cell line is used as a model for studying cancer pathology as well as liver biosynthesis and cellular responses to drugs. Here we investigated the direct effect of purified albumin on HepG2/C3A cell proliferation in the absence of serum, growth factors and other serum originating albumin bound molecules. We observed that the reduced cell counts in serum starved HepG2/C3A cultures were increased by the inclusion of albumin. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the percentage of cells in G1 phase during serum starvation was reduced from 86.4 ± 2.3% to 78.3 ± 3.2% by the inclusion of albumin whereas the percentage of cells in S phase was increased from 6.5 ± 1.5% to 14.3 ± 3.6%. A significant reduction in the cell cycle inhibitor protein, P21, accompanied the changes in the proportions of cell cycle phases upon treatment with albumin. We have also observed that the levels of dead cells determined by DNA fragmentation and membrane permeabilization caused by serum starvation (TUNEL: 16.6 ± 7.2%, ethidium bromide: 13.8 ± 4.8%) were not significantly altered by the inclusion of albumin (11.6 ± 10.2%, ethidium bromide: 16.9 ± 8.9%). Therefore, the increase in cell number was mainly caused by albumin promoting proliferation rather than protection against cell death. These primary findings demonstrate that albumin has immediate effects on HepG2/C3A hepatocellular carcinoma cells. These effects should be taken into consideration when studying the effects of albumin bound drugs or pathological ligands bound to albumin on HepG2/C3A cells.
Genome-wide investigation of WRKY transcription factors in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) and their potential roles in regulating growth and development
Authors: Sun Wenjun , Ma Zhaotang , Chen Hui , Liu Moyang 
Published: March 2020

Background
The WRKY gene family plays important roles in plant biological functions and has been identified in many plant species. With the publication of the Tartary buckwheat genome, the evolutionary characteristics of the WRKY gene family can be systematically explored and the functions of Fagopyrum tataricum WRKY (FtWRKY) genes in the growth and development of this plant also can be predicted.

Methods
In this study, the FtWRKY genes were identified by the BLASTP method, and HMMER, SMART, Pfam and InterPro were used to determine whether the FtWRKY genes contained conserved domains. The phylogenetic trees including FtWRKY and WRKY genes in other plants were constructed by the neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The intron and exon structures of the FtWRKY genes were analyzed by the gene structure display server, and the motif compositions were analyzed by MEME. Chromosome location information of FtWRKY genes was obtained with gff files and sequencing files, and visualized by Circos, and the collinear relationship was analyzed by Dual synteny plotter software. The expression levels of 26 FtWRKY genes from different groups in roots, leaves, flowers, stems and fruits at the green fruit, discoloration and initial maturity stage were measured through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis.

Results
A total of 76 FtWRKY genes identified from the Tartary buckwheat genome were divided into three groups. FtWRKY genes in the same group had similar gene structures and motif compositions. Despite the lack of tandem-duplicated gene pairs, there were 23 pairs of segmental-duplicated gene pairs. The synteny gene pairs of FtWRKY genes and Glycine max WRKY genes were the most. FtWRKY42 was highly expressed in roots and may perform similar functions as its homologous gene AtWRKY75, playing a role in lateral root and hairy root formation. FtWRKY9, FtWRKY42 and FtWRKY60 were highly expressed in fruits and may play an important role in fruit development.

Conclusion
We have identified several candidate FtWRKY genes that may perform critical functions in the development of Tartary buckwheat root and fruit, which need be verified through further research. Our study provides useful information on WRKY genes in regulating growth and development and establishes a foundation for screening WRKY genes to improve Tartary buckwheat quality.
Field behavior of potted seedlings of strawberry plants in different growing seasons
Authors: Becker Tais Barbosa , Gonçalves Michel Aldrighi , Ferreira Leticia Vanni , Antunes Luis Eduardo Correa 
Published: March 2020

Since dependence on seedling importation has been a hindrance to strawberry farmers, production of national plants has become an alternative solution. This study aimed at evaluating the field behavior of potted seedlings of strawberry plants in a low tunnel system in different early growing seasons in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Clima Temperado in 2015 and 2016 in a randomized block design, composed of a 4x3 factorial, four cultivars (Aromas, Camarosa, Festival and Oso Grande) and three growing seasons (March 16th, April 1st and April 16th). For all seasons, the cultivation was until November 30 in 2015 and October 31 in 2016. The following variables were determined: beginning and full blooming, beginning and length of harvest; number of fruits; mean fruit mass; and fresh mass per plant throughout early and total production. The cultivar Aromas presents lower flowering uniformity among plants (difference between beginning and full flowering) according to the two years of evaluation. Potted strawberry seedlings planted until early April 1st - Season 2 in Pelotas, RS, allow high early production, with production above 400 grams per plant. The cultivar Camarosa when planted on March 16 or April 1 had total yield per plant above 800 grams. All cultivars under study (Aromas, Camarosa, Festival and Oso Grande) have better plant development and higher total yield gains in years with higher temperature and lower rainfall in the initial phase and good rainfall distribution over the growing season. (2015) than in years with most frequent precipitation and lower temperature in the initial phase and poor rainfall distribution over the growing season (2016).
Difference in LET‐based biological doses between IMPT optimization techniques: Robust and PTV‐based optimizations
Authors: Hirayama Shusuke , Matsuura Taeko , Yasuda Koichi , Takao Seishin , Fujii Takaaki , Miyamoto Naoki , Umegaki Kikuo , Shimizu Shinichi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeWhile a large amount of experimental data suggest that the proton relative biological effectiveness (RBE) varies with both physical and biological parameters, current commercial treatment planning systems (TPS) use the constant RBE instead of variable RBE models, neglecting the dependence of RBE on the linear energy transfer (LET). To conduct as accurate a clinical evaluation as possible in this circumstance, it is desirable that the dosimetric parameters derived by TPS () are close to the “true” values derived with the variable RBE models (). As such, in this study, the closeness of to was compared between planning target volume (PTV)‐based and robust plans.MethodsIntensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) treatment plans for two Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phantom cases and four nasopharyngeal cases were created using the PTV‐based and robust optimizations, under the assumption of a constant RBE of 1.1. First, the physical dose and dose‐averaged LET (LETd) distributions were obtained using the analytical calculation method, based on the pencil beam algorithm. Next, was calculated using three different RBE models. The deviation of from was evaluated with D99 and Dmax, which have been used as the evaluation indices for clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OARs), respectively. The influence of the distance between the OAR and CTV on the results was also investigated. As a measure of distance, the closest distance and the overlapped volume histogram were used for the RTOG phantom and nasopharyngeal cases, respectively.ResultsAs for the OAR, the deviations of from were always smaller in robust plans than in PTV‐based plans in all RBE models. The deviation would tend to increase as the OAR was located closer to the CTV in both optimization techniques. As for the CTV, the deviations of from were comparable between the two optimization techniques, regardless of the distance between the CTV and the OAR.ConclusionRobust optimization was found to be more favorable than PTV‐based optimization in that the results presented by TPS were closer to the “true” values and that the clinical evaluation based on TPS was more reliable.
Adaptive global stabilization of chained‐form systems with multiple disturbance and strong nonlinear drifts
Authors: Chen Hua , Wang Yuxuan , Zhang Jinghui , Xu Shen , Sun Xiaoying , Wang Baolei , Fan Bo 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the stabilization of chained‐form nonholonomic systems with strong drifts, multidisturbances, and unknown constant parameters. The disturbances include the matched disturbance with bounded variation and the unknown time‐varying unmatched disturbance. A nonlinear disturbance observer is skillfully constructed to evaluate the matched disturbance and a disturbance estimation is used in the virtual controls to compensate the unmatched disturbance. By using a new input‐to‐state scaling scheme, the original nonholonomic system is transformed into a strict feedback form. Combining back‐stepping technique with disturbance observer‐based control (DOBC), a composite DOBC and global adaptive stabilization controller is proposed. A switching strategy based on control input magnitude instead of time is proposed to avoid uncontrollability. By using Lyapunov tools, all the states in the system are proved to be uniformly ultimate bounded. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
Long‐Range Fluorescence Propagation in Amyloidogenic β‐Sheet Films and Fibers
Authors: Apter Boris , Fainberg Boris , Handelman Amir , Lapsker Igor , Accardo Antonella , Diaferia Carlo , Morelli Giancarlo , Rosenman Gil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNewly developed PEGylated phenylalanine peptide derivatives (PEG‐F6) can self‐assemble to form hybrid multifunctional nanostructures of homogeneous thin polymer films and amyloid‐like fibers. Both adopt a β‐sheet architecture and acquire the unique properties of visible fluorescence (FL) found in β‐sheet amyloid fibrils also associated with neurodegenerative diseases. A new paradigm observed in PEG‐F6 amyloid‐like fibers is reported, which demonstrates unique FL and optical absorption (OA) covering the entire visible region. Despite the full overlap of the FL and OA spectra, the FL propagates for an unexpectedly large distance of hundreds of micrometers in these fibers. A new non‐waveguiding mechanism of FL light energy transfer in amyloidogenic fibers is proposed based on photon reabsorption theory. The discovered quasi‐white FL of PEG‐F6 β‐sheet amyloidogenic fibers and films consists of the newly observed green FL band along the known blue FL band. The proof‐of‐concept of long sub‐millimeter range FL propagation in specially grown amyloidogenic PEG‐F6 fiber‐photonic probes is reported. The results indicate that FL can propagate in nanoscale fibers and suggest biomedical applications for FL monitoring of disease‐related ultrathin amyloid fibrils and in integrated photonics for optogenetics.
Printed, Low‐Voltage, All‐Organic Transistors and Complementary Circuits on Paper Substrate
Authors: Casula Giulia , Lai Stefano , Matino Laura , Santoro Francesca , Bonfiglio Annalisa , Cosseddu Piero 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPaper is drawing considerable attention as a possible alternative to plastic for the development of flexible electronics. Indeed, in order to reduce excessive plastic consumption and waste, paper is attractive thanks to its renewable nature, low cost, ubiquity, and flexibility. A simple, cost‐effective, and low‐temperature approach, based on inkjet‐printing, is presented for the development of low‐voltage, all‐organic field‐effect transistors on commercial paper. Both n‐ and p‐type transistors are developed with reproducible electrical performances, such as low operating voltages (not exceeding 5 V) and quasi‐zero threshold voltages. Moreover, the fabricated devices are characterized by a remarkable mechanical stability, as they can be deformed even at small bending radii without any significant degradation of their performances. Finally, as a proof‐of‐concept for this technology, complementary electronic circuits are fabricated and tested as basic building blocks for future development of complex flexible electronics on paper.
Unterschätzte Farbzentren: Defekte als nützliche Reduktionsmittel in Lanthanid‐dotierten lumineszenten Materialien
Authors: Suta Markus , Lavoie‐Cardinal Flavie , Wickleder Claudia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnorganische Wirtsverbindungen wie SrB4O7 oder ausgewählte Nitride können Eu2+ intrinsisch stabilisieren, selbst wenn Eu3+‐Ausgangsmaterialien und keine reduzierenden Bedingungen in der Synthese genutzt werden. Obwohl dies im Bereich der Leuchtstoffsynthese bekannt ist, sind mechanistische Details nur unzureichend verstanden. Hier zeigen wir, dass lokalisierte Ladungsträger wie Farbzentren auch als Redoxpartner agieren können, um bestimmte Oxidationszustände von Aktivatoren zu stabilisieren. Die Eu‐dotierten Verbindungen CsMgCl3 und CsMgBr3 dienen als Beispiele. Selbst bei gezielter Dotierung mit EuCl3 und Ausschluss reduzierender Bedingungen kann aufgrund von Eu2+ cyane bzw. grüne Lumineszenz beobachtet werden. Photolumineszenzspektroskopie bei 10 K zeigte, dass diese intrinsische Reduktion mit Farbzentren korreliert, die an Verunreinigungen lokalisiert sind. Obgleich Defekte in Leuchtstoffen unerwünscht sind, zeigt diese Studie, dass ihre Rolle oft unterschätzt wird und sie gezielt in der Präparation ausgewählter anorganischer Leuchtstoffe genutzt werden könnten.
Exploring the Limits of Transition‐Metal Fluorination at High Pressures
Authors: Lin Jianyan , Du Xin , Rahm Martin , Yu Hong , Xu Haiyang , Yang Guochun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFluorination is a proven method for challenging the limits of chemistry, both structurally and electronically. Here we explore computationally how pressures below 300 GPa affect the fluorination of several transition metals. A plethora of new structural phases are predicted along with the possibility for synthesizing four unobserved compounds: TcF7, CdF3, OsF8, and IrF8. The Ir and Os octaflourides are both predicted to be stable as quasi‐molecular phases with an unusual cubic ligand coordination, and both compounds formally correspond to a high oxidation state of +8. Electronic‐structure analysis reveals that otherwise unoccupied 6p levels are brought down in energy by the combined effects of pressure and a strong ligand field. The valence expansion of Os and Ir enables ligand‐to‐metal F 2p→M 6p charge transfer that strengthens M−F bonds and decreases the overall bond polarity. The lower stability of IrF8, and the instability of PtF8 and several other compounds below 300 GPa, is explained by the occupation of M−F antibonding orbitals in octafluorides with a metal‐valence‐electron count exceeding 8.
Construction of Hydrocarbon Nanobelts
Authors: Shi Tan‐Hao , Tong Shuo , Wang Mei‐Xiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLinearly fused hydrocarbon nanobelts are a unique type of double‐stranded macrocycles that would serve as not only the powerful hosts in supramolecular science but also the templates to grow zig‐zag carbon nanotubes with defined diameters. Fully conjugated hydrocarbon nanobelts such as belt[n]arenes would also possess unique physical and chemical properties. Despite the importance, both fully conjugated and (partially) saturated hydrocarbon nanobelts remain largely unexplored because of the lack of cyclization methods. Reported here is the construction of nanometer sized H12‐belt[12]arenes based on the strategy to close up all fjords of resorcin[6]arene by means of six‐fold intramolecular alkylation reactions of resorcin[6]arene derivatives. All resulting H12‐belt[12]arenes produce a very similar nanobelt core structure with six benzene rings and six boat 1,4‐cyclohexadiene rings being alternately linear‐fused to give a nearly equilateral hexagonal cylinder. The average long diagonal is around 1 nm and the height of the cylinder is about 0.3 nm. The acquired H12‐belt[12]arenes would be the potential precursors to various hydrocarbon nanobelts including fully conjugated belt[12]arenes.