bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of microbiota along the length of the gastrointestinal tract of two tree squirrel species (Sciurus aberti and S. niger) living in sympatry
Authors: Reed Andrew , Pigage Jon C. , Pigage Helen K. , Glickman Cody , Bono Jeremy M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicrobiota inhabiting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of animals has important impacts on many host physiological processes. Although host diet is a major factor influencing the composition of the gut micro‐organismal community, few comparative studies have considered how differences in diet influence community composition across the length of the GI tract. We used 16S sequencing to compare the microbiota along the length of the GI tract in Abert's (Sciurus aberti) and fox squirrels (S. niger) living in the same habitat. While fox squirrels are generalist omnivores, the diet of Abert's squirrels is unusually high in plant fiber, particularly in winter when they extensively consume fiber‐rich inner bark of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Consistent with previous studies, microbiota of the upper GI tract of both species consisted primarily of facultative anaerobes and was less diverse than that of the lower GI tract, which included mainly obligate anaerobes. While we found relatively little differentiation between the species in the microbiota of the upper GI tract, the community composition of the lower GI tract was clearly delineated. Notably, the Abert's squirrel lower GI community was more stable in composition and enriched for microbes that play a role in the degradation of plant fiber. In contrast, overall microbial diversity was higher in fox squirrels. We hypothesize that these disparities reflect differences in diet quality and diet breadth between the species.
Spatiotemporal variability of human–fire interactions on the Navajo Nation
Authors: Guiterman Christopher H. , Margolis Ellis Q. , Baisan Christopher H. , Falk Donald A. , Allen Craig D. , Swetnam Thomas W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnraveling the effects of climate and land use on historical fire regimes provides important insights into broader human–fire–climate dynamics, which are necessary for ecologically based forest management. We developed a spatial human land‐use model for Navajo Nation forests across which we sampled a network of tree‐ring fire history sites to reflect contrasting historical land‐use intensity: high human use, primarily in the Chuska Mountains, and low human use, primarily on the central Defiance Plateau. We tested for and compared human‐ and climate‐driven changes in the fire regimes by applying change point detection, regression, and superposed epoch analyses. The historical fire regimes and fire–climate relationships reflect those of similar forests regionally and are similar between the two Navajo landscapes until the early 1800s. We then determined that a previously identified, localized, early (1830s) decline in fire activity was geographically widespread across higher human‐use sites. In contrast, fires continued to burn uninterrupted through this period at the lower use sites. Though the 1830s included significantly wet and cold periods that could have contributed to fire regime decline, human factors pose a more spatiotemporally consistent explanation. A rise in Navajo pastoralism in the 1820s–1830s was concentrated seasonally in the heavy use sites. By the 1880s, livestock numbers more than doubled, grazing became far more spatially widespread, and frequent fire regimes of Navajo forests collapsed. The last widespread fire recorded on either landscape was in 1886. In the Chuska Mountains, livestock and fire coexisted for over 50 yr between the initial 1832 fire decline and the end of frequent fires after 1886, an exceptional pattern in the western United States. Though unique in its timing, character, and spatial dynamics, the collapse of historical fire regimes in Navajo forests contributed to now over a century without frequent surface fire, leaving Navajo forests at risk for large, uncharacteristic high‐severity fires.
Selective depletion of plasma cells in vivo based on the specificity of their secreted antibodies
Authors: Cheng Qingyu , Pelz Andreas , Taddeo Adriano , Khodadadi Laleh , Klotsche Jens , Hoyer Bimba F. , Alexander Tobias , Thiel Andreas , Burmester Gerd‐R. , Radbruch Andreas , Hiepe Falk 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAntibody‐mediated diseases affect more than 10% of the human population. For most, no cure is available, particularly when the pathogenic antibodies are secreted by long‐lived plasma cells resistant to conventional immunosuppressive therapies. Current therapeutic approaches target not only the plasma cells that secrete pathogenic antibodies, but also those providing protective antibodies. Here, in a murine model bearing long‐lived plasma cells secreting anti‐OVA and ‐chicken gamma globulin (CGG) antibodies, we describe the first‐time use of an antigen‐antibody (OVA/anti‐CD138 antibody) conjugate for in vivo labeling and selective ablation of plasma cells that secrete antibodies specific for the antigen OVA. The selective depletion also led to a stable reduction of the corresponding serum anti‐OVA antibody levels. In contrast, CGG‐specific plasma cells and circulating anti‐CGG antibody levels remained unchanged. The method described here should enable the development of unique causative treatment strategies for established antibody‐mediated diseases sparing humoral immunity.
Soft sensor based on 2D‐fluorescence and process data enabling real‐time estimation of biomass in Escherichia coli cultivations
Authors: Bayer Benjamin , von Stosch Moritz , Melcher Michael , Duerkop Mark , Striedner Gerald 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn bioprocesses, specific process responses such as the biomass cannot typically be measured directly on‐line, since analytical sampling is associated with unavoidable time delays. Accessing those responses in real‐time is essential for Quality by Design and process analytical technology concepts. Soft sensors overcome these limitations by indirectly measuring the variables of interest using a previously derived model and actual process data in real time. In this study, a biomass soft sensor based on 2D‐fluorescence data and process data, was developed for a comprehensive study with a 20‐L experimental design, for Escherichia coli fed‐batch cultivations. A multivariate adaptive regression splines algorithm was applied to 2D‐fluorescence spectra and process data, to estimate the biomass concentration at any time during the process. Prediction errors of 4.9% (0.99 g/L) for validation and 3.8% (0.69 g/L) for new data (external validation), were obtained. Using principal component and parallel factor analyses on the 2D‐fluorescence data, two potential chemical compounds were identified and directly linked to cell metabolism. The same wavelength pairs were also important predictors for the regression‐model performance. Overall, the proposed soft sensor is a valuable tool for monitoring the process performance on‐line, enabling Quality by Design.
A novel weight coefficient calculation method for the real‐time state monitoring of the lithium‐ion battery packs under the complex current variation working conditions
Authors: Wang Shun‐Li , Fernandez Carlos , Xie Zheng‐Wei , Li Xiao‐Xia , Zou Chuan‐Yun , Li Qiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA novel real‐time state monitoring method is proposed to realize the real‐time energy management of the lithium‐ion battery packs, which is conducted in the iterative computational calculation process by introducing an improved weighting factor‐unscented Kalman filtering algorithm. The accurate state monitoring treatment is investigated by applying a new iterate calculation thought, in which the improved weight coefficient parameter is constructed and its numerical stability is improved. Meanwhile, the recursive calculation is derived by using the real‐time measured factors, according to which the state‐of‐charge estimation is realized accurately. Aiming to adapt the complex current variation working conditions, the nonlinear treatment is introduced to construct the mathematical unscented transforming function. As can be known from the experimental results, the state‐of‐charge estimation accuracy is 98.34% under the complex current charge‐discharge working conditions. Meanwhile, the effective closed‐circuit voltage trackage is also investigated accurately and its tracking error is within 3.51% in the complex working conditions, which provides a good security guarantee for the reliable energy supply of the lithium‐ion battery packs.
Local buckling evolution mechanism of a buried steel pipe under fault movements
Authors: Zhang Jie , Chen Yang , Zhang Han 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPipe is the main transportation way for oil and natural gas. Fault movement mainly caused by earthquake, which will induce pipe bending, tension and compression. Then oil or gas leakage appear. Based on the moving mechanism of strike‐slip fault and reverse fault, a numerical simulation model was employed to study the buckling evolution mechanism of the buried steel pipe under fault movements. The evolution processes of buried pipe under the fault moving action were analyzed, and the effects of pipe internal pressure, fault displacement, and pipe diameter‐to‐thickness ratio on the pipe buckling were discussed. The results demonstrate that there are three mechanical evolution stages on the pipe in the process of fault movement. High stress appears on the bending regions of pipe wall, and axial strain always fluctuates along the axial length. When the fault displacement is large, pipe collapsing and wrinkling patterns occur, which can be reflected by a sharp fluctuation of axial strain. The high‐pressure pipe under the action of reverse fault is prone to failure than the low‐pressure pipe. The pipe with a large D/t in the hanging wall is easier to be buckled than that with a small D/t in the footwall. The results obtained can be used for the design and evaluation of buried oil and gas pipes.
The risk of betting on risk: Conditional variance and correlation of bank credit default swaps
Authors: Huang Xin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCredit default swaps (CDS) have been used to speculate on the default risk of the reference entity. The risk of CDS can be measured by their second moments. We apply a Glosten, Jagannathan, and Runkle (GJR)‐t model for the conditional variance and a Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC)‐t model for the conditional correlation. Based on the CDS of six large US banks from 2002 to 2018, we find that CDS conditional variance is asymmetric and leptokurtic. A positive innovation actually increases CDS conditional variance more than a negative innovation does. CDS conditional correlations have stayed elevated since the financial crisis, in contrast to the decreasing stock conditional correlations.
Risk factors of mortality in older patients with dementia in psychiatric care
Authors: Golüke Nienke M.S. , Geerlings Mirjam I. , van de Vorst Irene E. , Vaartjes Ilonca H. , de Jonghe Annemarieke , Bots Michiel L. , Koek Huiberdina L. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the mortality risk, and its risk factors, of older patients with dementia in psychiatric care.MethodsWe constructed a cohort of dementia patients through data linkage of four Dutch registers: the Psychiatric Case Register Middle Netherlands (PCR‐MN), the hospital discharge register, the population register, and the national cause of death register. All dementia patients in PCR‐MN aged between 60 and 100 years between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2010 were included. Risk factors of mortality were investigated using Cox proportional hazard regression models with adjustment for age, sex, setting of care, nationality, marital status, dementia type, and psychiatric and somatic comorbidities.ResultsIn total, 4297 patients were included with a median age of 80 years. The 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year mortality were 16.4%, 44.4%, and 63.5%, respectively. Determinants that increased the 1‐year mortality were: male sex (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.49; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.26‐1.76), higher age (HR 1.08; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.09), inpatient psychiatric care (HR 1.52; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.93), more somatic comorbidities (HR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.49‐1.87), and cardiovascular disease separately (HR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.30‐1.82). Results for 3‐year and 5‐year mortality were comparable. Living together/married increased the 3‐ and 5‐year mortality, and Dutch nationality increased the 5‐year mortality. There were no differences in mortality with different types of psychiatric comorbidity.ConclusionMortality of dementia patients in psychiatric care was high, much higher than mortality in the general older population. The results of this study should raise awareness about their unfavourable prognosis, particularly older patients, men, inpatients, and patients with more somatic comorbidity.
Ablation of Hmgb1 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Causes Intestinal Lipid Accumulation and Reduces NASH in Mice
Authors: Gaskell Harriet , Ge Xiaodong , Desert Romain , Das Sukanta , Han Hui , Lantvit Daniel , Guzman Grace , Nieto Natalia 
Published: November 2019

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a metabolic disorder in which poor nutrition and the gut‐to‐liver interaction play a major role. We previously established that hepatic high mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) is involved in chronic liver disease. HMGB1 increases in patients with NASH and it is expressed in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC); yet, the role of intestinal HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of NASH has not been investigated. Thus, we hypothesized that IEC‐derived HMGB1 could play a role in NASH due to local effects in the intestine that govern hepatic steatosis. Control littermates and Hmgb1
ΔIEC mice were fed for 1 or 24 weeks a control diet or a high fat, high cholesterol (CHO) and fructose‐enriched diet (HFCFD). Hepatic and intestinal injury were analyzed. Hmgb1
ΔIEC mice were protected from HFCFD‐induced NASH after 1 or 24 weeks of feeding; however, they showed extensive atypical lipid droplet accumulation and increased concentrations of triglycerides (TG) and CHO in jejunal IEC together with lower TG and other lipid classes in serum. Olive oil or CHO gavage resulted in decreased serum TG and CHO in Hmgb1
ΔIEC mice, respectively, indicating delayed and/or reduced chylomicron (CM) efflux. There was significant up‐regulation of scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR‐B1) and down‐regulation of apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) proteins, suggesting decreased lipid packaging and/or CM formation that resulted in lesser hepatosteatosis. Conclusion: Ablation of Hmgb1 in IEC causes up‐regulation of SR‐B1 and down‐regulation of ApoB48, leads to lipid accumulation in jejunal IEC, decreases CM packaging and/or release, reduces serum TG, and lessens liver steatosis, therefore protecting Hmgb1
ΔIEC mice from HFCFD‐induced NASH.
Evaluation of seasonal patterns of hydraulic redistribution in a humid subtropical area, East China
Authors: Sun Long , Yang Lei , Chen Liding , Yen Haw , Zhao Fangkai , Li Shoujuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAntecedent soil moisture or soil moisture status has a great impact on hydrological processes. Hydraulic redistribution (HR), a widely observed phenomenon, is defined as water distributed (typically at night) from moist soil to drier soil via plant roots, which plays an important role in soil moisture replenishment. Knowledge on seasonal patterns of HR and on the relationship between HR and soil water use is not fully understood. We investigated temporal variations in HR and total daily water use (Δθ) at stands of camphor and peach by monitoring soil moisture content in a humid region in eastern China. HR at the three locations reached its maximum values in summer (0.68 mm d−1 to 1.15 mm d−1) at depths of 15 cm and 35 cm. Redistributed water replenished 41% of water depleted in the soil at a 5–45‐cm depth. Interestingly, normalized HR (i.e., HR/Δθ) showed a constant pattern during the growing season implying it is independent of seasonal climate alterations. This also indicated that HR had a stable effect on the replenishment of daily water use. Positive linear relationships between HR and Δθ were found at three measuring locations (camphor: R2 = .35, p < .01; peach1: R2 = .57, p < .01; peach2: R2 = .63, p < .01), suggesting a relatively stable inherent linkage between HR and Δθ. This study suggested that hydrological processes involving soil moisture status or antecedent soil moisture, needs to take the HR effect into account across timescales from intraday to seasonal.
All that glitters is not gold: CEOs' celebrity beyond media content
Authors: Caiffa Marco , Farina Vincenzo , Fattobene Lucrezia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMass media are known to be powerful in directing the public's attention towards specific issues, socially shaping individual's opinions and investors' behaviour in financial markets. Applying textual analysis, event study, and regression analysis methodologies on a large hand‐collected database of newspapers articles mentioning Italian listed companies' CEOs, chairmen, and vice‐chairmen, over a time span of 16 years, we observe how the content of newspaper articles, the visibility of directors, and the mention by the press of celebrity and not famous directors influence stock market prices. Results reveal that celebrity status is not necessarily associated with positive emotional responses: Besides the impact of the content of the news, visibility and celebrity are rather associated with a negative impact on investors' opinion; on the other hand, scarce visibility does not drive any additional effect on stock market prices.
Full‐field swept‐source optical coherence tomography and neural tissue classification for deep brain imaging
Authors: Almog Ilan Felts , Chen Fu‐Der , Senova Suhan , Fomenko Anton , Gondard Elise , Sacher Wesley D. , Lozano Andres M. , Poon Joyce K. S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOptical coherence tomography can differentiate brain regions with intrinsic contrast and at a micron scale resolution. Such a device can be particularly useful as a real‐time neurosurgical guidance tool. We present, to our knowledge, the first full‐field swept‐source optical coherence tomography system operating near a wavelength of 1310 nm. The proof‐of‐concept system was integrated with an endoscopic probe tip, which is compatible with deep brain stimulation keyhole neurosurgery. Neuroimaging experiments were performed on ex vivo brain tissues and in vivo in rat brains. Using classification algorithms involving texture features and optical attenuation, images were successfully classified into three brain tissue types.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Are Associated with Reduced Fracture Risk among Older Veterans with Dementia
Authors: Ogunwale Abayomi N , Colon-Emeric Cathleen S , Sloane Richard , Adler Robert A , Lyles Kenneth W , Lee Richard H 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) have been noted to increase bone density and quality in mice. Human studies are limited but suggest an association with improved bone healing after hip fracture. We examined the relationship between AChEI use and fracture risk in a national cohort of 360,015 male veterans aged 65 to 99 years with dementia but without prior fracture using Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital, Medicare, and pharmacy records from 2000 to 2010. Diagnosis of dementia, any clinical fracture (excluding facial and digital), comorbidities, and medications were identified using ICD-9 and drug class codes. Cox proportional hazard models considering AChEI use as a time-varying covariate and adjusting for fall and fracture risk factors compared the time-to-fracture in AChEI users versus non-AChEI users. Potential confounders included demographics (age, race, body mass index), comorbidities associated with fracture or falls (diabetes, lung disease, stroke, Parkinson's, seizures, etc.) and medications associated with fracture or falls (bisphosphonates, glucocorticoids, androgen deprivation therapy [ADT], proton pump inhibitors [PPIs], selective serotonin receptor inhibitors [SSRIs], etc.). Competing mortality risk was considered using the methods of Fine and Gray. To account for persistent effects on bone density or quality that might confer protection after stopping the medication, we completed a secondary analysis using the medication possession ratio (MPR) as a continuous variable in logistic regression models and also compared MPR increments of 10% to minimal/no use (MPR 0 to &lt;0.10). Among older veterans with diagnosis of dementia, 20.1% suffered a fracture over an average of 4.6 years of follow-up. Overall, 42.3% of the cohort were prescribed AChEIs during the study period. The hazard of any fracture among AChEI users compared with those on other/no dementia medications was significantly lower in fully adjusted models (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75–0.88). After considering competing mortality risk, fracture risk remained 18% lower in veterans using AChEIs (HR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.76–0.89). © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
H3K27 acetylation‐induced lncRNA EIF3J‐AS1 improved proliferation and impeded apoptosis of colorectal cancer through miR‐3163/YAP1 axis
Authors: Liu Dingsheng , Zhang Hong , Cong Jinchun , Cui Mingming , Ma Mingxing , Zhang Fangyuan , Sun Huayi , Chen Chunsheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are found to be aberrantly expressed and pose significant impacts in colorectal cancer (CRC), the most prevalent type malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to find out the regulation of lncRNA EIF3J antisense RNA 1 (EIF3J‐AS1) on CRC progression. Expressions of EIF3J‐AS1, microRNA‐3163 (miR‐3163), and Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) in tissues and cells were evaluated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Association of EIF3J‐AS1 with CRC prognosis was analyzed through the online bioinformatics tool GEPIA. The biological function of EIF3J‐AS1 in CRC was investigated by Cell Counting Kit‐8, colony formation, caspase‐3 activity, and TUNEL staining. Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of EIF3J‐AS1/miR‐3163/YAP1 was determined by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Results showed that EIF3J‐AS1 was upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines, indicating poor prognosis of CRC patients. The silence of EIF3J‐AS1 led to reduced proliferation and facilitated apoptosis of CRC cells. Mechanistcally, EIF3J‐AS1 was upregulated by cAMP‐response element‐binding protein‐binding protein‐mediated histone H3 on lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) at the promoter region, and EIF3J‐AS1 upregulated YAP1 expression through sponging miR‐3163 in CRC cells. In conclusion, we first found that H3K27 acetylation‐induced lncRNA EIF3J‐AS1 improved proliferation and impeded apoptosis of colorectal cancer through the miR‐3163/YAP1 axis, which might potentially provide a novel molecular‐targeted strategy for CRC treatment.
On the upper chromatic number and multiple blocking sets of PG(n,q)
Authors: Blázsik Zoltán L. , Héger Tamás , Szőnyi Tamás 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe investigate the upper chromatic number of the hypergraph formed by the points and the ‐dimensional subspaces of ; that is, the most number of colors that can be used to color the points so that every ‐subspace contains at least two points of the same color. Clearly, if one colors the points of a double blocking set with the same color, the rest of the points may get mutually distinct colors. This gives a trivial lower bound, and we prove that it is sharp in many cases. Due to this relation with double blocking sets, we also prove that for , a small ‐fold (weighted) ‐blocking set of prime, must contain the weighted sum of not necessarily distinct ‐spaces.