bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formative research to design a culturally-appropriate cancer clinical trial education program to increase participation of African American and Latino communities
Authors: Cunningham-Erves Jennifer , Barajas Claudia , Mayo-Gamble Tilicia L. , McAfee Caree R. , Hull Pamela C. , Sanderson Maureen , Canedo Juan , Beard Katina , Wilkins Consuelo H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Addressing knowledge deficiencies about cancer clinical trials and biospecimen donation can potentially improve participation among racial and ethnic minorities. This paper describes the formative research process used to design a culturally-appropriate cancer clinical trials education program for African American and Latino communities. We characterized community member feedback and its integration into the program.

Methods
We incorporated three engagement approaches into the formative research process to iteratively develop the program: including community-based organization (CBO) leaders as research team members, conducting focus groups and cognitive interviews with community members as reviewers/consultants, and interacting with two community advisory groups. An iterative-deductive approach was used to analyze focus group data. Qualitative data from advisory groups and community members were compiled and used to finalize the program.

Results
Focus group themes were: 1) Community Perspectives on Overall Presentation; 2) Community Opinions and Questions on the Content of the Presentation; 3) Culturally Specific Issues to Participation in Cancer Clinical Trials; 4) Barriers to Clinical Trial Participation; and 5) Perspectives of Community Health Educators. Feedback was documented during reviews by scientific experts and community members with suggestions to ensure cultural appropriateness using peripheral, evidential, linguistic, sociocultural strategies, and constituent-involving. The final program consisted of two versions (English and Spanish) of a culturally-appropriate slide presentation with speaker notes and videos representing community member and researcher testimonials.

Conclusions
Incorporating multiple community engagement approaches into formative research processes can facilitate the inclusion of multiple community perspectives and enhance the cultural-appropriateness of the programs designed to promote cancer clinical trial participation among African Americans and Latinos.
Poor mental health of livestock farmers in Africa: a mixed methods case study from Ghana
Authors: Nuvey Francis Sena , Kreppel Katharina , Nortey Priscilla Awo , Addo-Lartey Adolphina , Sarfo Bismark , Fokou Gilbert , Ameme Donne Kofi , Kenu Ernest , Sackey Samuel , Addo Kennedy Kwasi , Afari Edwin , Chibanda Dixon , Bonfoh Bassirou 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Agriculture represents the mainstay of African economies and livestock products are essential to the human population’s nutritional needs. However, in many developing countries, including Ghana, livestock production fails to meet demand due to population growth and negative effects of climate change. One of the challenges to production is livestock loss affecting farmers. However, despite stressful events experienced, livestock farmers’ mental health is poorly documented. This study aims to identify the root causes of livestock losses and their influence on pastoralists’ mental health.

Methods
We conducted a mixed methods study in two districts in the Northern and Southern Belts of Ghana. Using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 and guided interviews, we collected quantitative and qualitative data from 287 livestock farmers and 24 key-informants respectively. Mental health scores were categorized using standard guidelines. We evaluated the factors that explained variations in mental wellbeing using general linear models (α = 0.05).

Results
About 85% (240/287) of the livestock farmers lost cattle within 1 year. Of these, 91% lost cattle to animal diseases, 50% to theft and 27% to pasture shortages. Qualitative findings reveal that due to poor access to veterinary services, farmers treat livestock diseases themselves with drugs from unregulated sources and often sell diseased cows for meat to recover losses. Findings showed that 60% of livestock farmers had poor mental health. Of those, 72% were depressed, 66% anxious and 59% stressed. Mental wellbeing was negatively associated with the number of adverse events experienced, proportion of livestock lost to most of the major loss factors, emotional attachment to livestock and self-reported physical illnesses in farmers, but positively associated with increasing herd size [F (8,278) = 14.18, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.29].

Conclusions
Livestock diseases are the leading cause of losses to livestock farmers, whose mental wellbeing is negatively affected by these losses. Although an adaptive strategy by farmers to compensate for poor veterinary services, the arbitrary use of veterinary drugs and sale of diseased cattle pose health risks to the public. Further research to evaluate the performance of veterinary services in Ghana, mental health problems and risk to human health due to potential high-risk meat entering the food chain, is needed.
Risk factors for bat contact and consumption behaviors in Thailand; a quantitative study
Authors: Suwannarong Kanokwan , Chanabun Sutin , Kanthawee Phitsanuruk , Khiewkhern Santisith , Boonyakawee Paisit , Suwannarong Kangsadal , Saengkul Chutarat , Bubpa Nisachon , Amonsin Alongkorn 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Bats serve as an important reservoir for emerging infectious diseases. Bat contact and consumption, which persists in Asia, poses risks for the transmission of bat-borne infections.

Methods
An analytical cross-sectional survey for risk factors associated with bat contact and consumption behaviors was conducted in ten provinces of Thailand from May 2016 to December 2017. A standardized questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews was used to collect information from 626 villagers who lived in or nearby areas of high bat density. The questionnaire contained 23 independent variables related to sociodemographic, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceptions.

Results
The respondents (n = 626) were 285 females and 341 males, mean age of respondents was 47.58 years-old and lived in rural setting. Our results showed that 36.42% of respondents (n1 = 228) in 10 provinces reported bat contact during the past 6 months. Furthermore, 15.34% of respondents (n2 = 96) in 9 out of 10 provinces reported of having consumed bat meat in the past 6 months. Risk factors for bat contact included sex (male) (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.09–2.28), educational attainment (lower than secondary school) (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.02–2.18), and the consideration of bats as being economically beneficial to the community (OR = 3.18, 95% CI 2.03–4.97), while agriculture-related occupation (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.37–0.79), knowledge that it is safe to eat bats (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.93), practice of allowing children to play with bats (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.44–0.96), and attitude of feeling safe in areas where bats live (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.38–0.86) were statistically significant protective factors against bat contact. Risk factors for bat consumption included sex (male) (OR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.49–4.11) and educational attainment (lower than secondary school) (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.27–3.85), while knowledge of whether bats are safe to eat (OR = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.25), knowledge of whether there are laws pertaining to hunting bats for consumption (OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.18–0.71), and the practice of allowing children to play with bats (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.31–0.81) were statistically significant protective factors against bat consumption.

Conclusions
This study provides a better understanding of the sociodemographic factors, knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices that might influence bat contact and bat consumption behaviors. Information on risk factors can be used for the development of appropriate education and communication interventions to promote proper knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding bats and bat-borne zoonotic diseases in Thailand and other areas in the Southeast Asia region with similar environmental and cultural characteristics.
Changes in diabetes prevalence and corresponding risk factors - findings from 3- and 6-year follow-up of PURE Poland cohort study
Authors: Zatońska Katarzyna , Basiak-Rasała Alicja , Różańska Dorota , Karczewski Maciej , Wołyniec Maria , Szuba Andrzej , Połtyn-Zaradna Katarzyna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the greatest challenges for public health worldwide. The aim of the study was the analysis of diabetes development in participants with normoglycemia and Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) in 3-year and 6-year follow-up of PURE Poland cohort study.

Methods
The analysis was conducted in Polish cohort enrolled into Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study. The following study presents results of 1330 participants that have partaken both in the baseline study, in 3-year and in the 6-year follow up. The analysis of the impact of risk factors on diabetes development was performed using multivariate Cox frailty analysis. Population Attributable Risk (PAR) was computed individually for every risk factor.

Results
Diabetes prevalence increased from 17.7% at baseline to 23.98% in 3-year- and 28.27% in 6-year follow-up. The risk of diabetes was higher in participants with obesity [HR = 5.7, 95%Cl 2,56-12,82], overweight [HR = 3.4, 95%Cl 1,56-7,54] and IFG [HR = 2.7, 95%Cl 1,87-3,85]. The risk of diabetes development was almost 2-fold higher in men than in women [HR = 1.826; 95%CI =1,24 - 2,69]. In 6 years, diabetes developed in 23.8% of participants with IFG and 7.9% of participants with normoglycemia. According to PAR, overweight and obesity accounted for 80.8%, hypertension for 67.6% and IFG for 38.3% of diabetes cases in our population.

Conclusions
Our study reveals alarming increase in prevalence of diabetes during 6 years of observation. In our population, most diabetes cases can be attributed to overweight, obesity, hypertension and IFG. Findings add strong rationale to implement targeted preventive measures in population of high risk.
A qualitative study of social connectedness and its relationship to community health programs in rural Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Deitz Rachel L. , Hellerstein Leah H. , St. George Sara M. , Palazuelos Daniel , Schimek Trisha E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Social connectedness is an important predictor of health outcomes and plays a large role in the physical and mental health of an individual and a community. The presence of a functioning health clinic with a community health worker program may indirectly improve health outcomes by increasing the social connectedness of the community in addition to providing direct patient care. This study examines the social connectedness of the inhabitants of three Mexican towns within the catchment area of a healthcare Non-Government Organization (NGO) through a qualitative analysis.

Methods
Willing participants were videotaped answering open-ended questions about their community and use of healthcare resources. Interviews were then coded for relevant themes and analyzed for content relating to social connectedness, social isolation, and health.

Results
Respondents reported that having a functioning community clinic had improved their lives significantly through direct provision of care and by reducing the financial burden of travel to seek medical care elsewhere. Respondents from each town differed slightly in their primary means of social support. One town relied more heavily on organized groups (i.e., religious groups) for their support system. Social isolation was reported most frequently by housewives who felt isolated in the home and by respondents that had to deal with personal illness. Respondents that self-identified as Community Health Workers (CHWs) in their respective communities acknowledged that their roles bestowed physical and psychological health benefits upon themselves and their families.

Conclusions
Overall, a long-term health intervention may directly impact the relative social isolation and social connectedness of a community’s inhabitants. The social connectedness of the community is an important quality that must be considered when evaluating and planning health interventions.
Association of ESR1 polymorphism rs2234693 and rs9340799 with postmenopausal osteoporosis in a Chinese population
Authors: Shu Jin , Li Junling , Fu Yujuan , Hui Xuelian , Jin Yani , Chen Mengjie , Zheng Xin , Shi Yaowu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is the most common type of primary osteoporosis. ESR1 polymorphism rs2234693 and rs9340799 has been widely studied as a candidate gene associated with PMO, however, the findings were inconclusive. The present study aims to explore the relationship of ESR1 polymorphism rs2234693 and rs9340799 with PMO risk in a Chinese Han population.

Methods
PMO patients and healthy controls were recruited from gynecology department. DNA of all participants were extracted from the peripheral blood samples and genotyped by Mass Array method. A meta-analysis of case control studies was also conducted to further elucidate the relationship of polymorphism with PMO.

Results
Our results revealed that there were no associations of rs2234693 with PMO. However, GG genotype of rs9340799 was associated with a higher risk of PMO (OR = 1.51, 95%CI:1.08–4.34, p = 0.03), even adjusting for risk factors (OR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.12–5.04, p = 0.04). Logistic regression analysis showed that dominant model was associated with a higher risk of PMO (OR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.02–5.16, p = 0.02) after correcting the risk factors (OR = 2.14, 95%CI:1.12–5.64, p = 0.04); In addition, the Meta-analysis results revealed that both two polymorphisms were not associated with PMO.

Conclusions
In conclusion, ESR1 polymorphism rs9340799 was associated with PMO. However, well designed studies with larger sample sizes are required to further elucidate the associations.
Thermogenic diagnosis of periprosthetic joint
infection by microcalorimetry of synovial fluid
Authors: Morgenstern Christian , Renz Nora , Cabric Sabrina , Maiolo Elena , Perka Carsten , Trampuz Andrej 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Synovial fluid culture is the standard investigation for the
preoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, the
culture has limited sensitivity and requires several days until result. We
evaluated the value of isothermal microcalorimetry for real-time diagnosis of
PJI based on heat produced by microbial growth in synovial fluid.

Methods
Patients undergoing aspiration of prosthetic hip or knee joint
before revision surgery were prospectively included between 2014 and 2015. The
performance of microcalorimetry was compared to synovial fluid culture using
McNemar’s chi-squared test. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated for
synovial fluid leukocyte count and microcalorimetric heat.

Results
Of 107 included patients (58 knee and 49 hip prosthesis), PJI was
diagnosed in 46 patients (43%) and aseptic failure in 61 patients (57%)
according to institutional criteria. In 26 PJI cases (56%) the pathogen grew in
synovial fluid and intra-operative cultures. The sensitivity of synovial fluid
culture and microcalorimetry was both 39% and the results were concordant in 98
patients (92%). In patients with PJI, microcalorimetry missed 4 pathogens which
grew in synovial fluid culture, whereas culture missed 4 pathogens detected by
microcalorimetry. A linear correlation (r = 0.366) was found between leukocyte count and microcalorimetric
heat in synovial fluid (p < 0.001). The
median time to positivity of microcalorimetry was 9 h (range, 1–64 h) vs. 3 days
for cultures (range, 1–14 days).

Conclusion
Microcalorimetry of synovial fluid allows thermogenic diagnosis of
periprosthetic joint infection in synovial fluid. The diagnostic performance of
synovial fluid microcalorimetry is comparable to culture and delivers results
considerably faster.

Trial registration
This prospective study was registered on August 21, 2015 with the
public clinical trial identification NCT02530229.
Recurrent fifth metatarsal stress fractures in a professional soccer player with hypoparathyroidism: a case report
Authors: Kawashima Itaru , Yamaga Atsushi , Kawai Ryosuke , Hoshino Yushi , Ishizuka Shinya 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by low or inappropriately normal levels of parathyroid hormone leading to hypocalcemia. In this report, a case of recurrent fifth metatarsal stress fractures in a professional soccer player with hypoparathyroidism is presented.

Case presentation
A 23-year-old male professional soccer player developed left foot pain. He had no specific medical or family history. He was diagnosed with a fifth metatarsal stress fracture and underwent osteosynthesis with a cannulated cancellous screw 3 days after the injury. After three and a half months, the X-ray showed bone union, and he returned to full sports activity. However, he felt pain in his left foot again, and a re-fracture was found on X-ray a week later. Osteosynthesis was performed again. Two months after re-operation, the cause of re-fracture was investigated. Laboratory results showed abnormally low levels of serum calcium (8.4 mg/dL) and intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH: 19.0 pg/mL). However, other laboratory examinations were normal. Therefore, he was diagnosed with primary hypoparathyroidism according to the diagnostic criteria. Medical treatment was started with alfacalcidol 1.0 μg/day. One month after starting medication, the serum calcium improved to 9.4 mg/dL. Four months after the re-operation, the X-ray showed bone union, and he was therefore allowed to play soccer. While he played professional soccer, there were no new subjective complaints.

Conclusions
Hypoparathyroidism may be one of the risk factors for stress fractures. We believe that serum calcium levels should be checked in patients with stress fractures, and if the serum calcium is low, hypoparathyroidism should be considered.
Laparoscopic roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy for teenagers with severe obesity - TEEN-BEST: study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bonouvrie Daniëlle S. , Beamish Andrew J. , Leclercq Wouter K. G. , van Mil Edgar G. A. H. , Luijten Arijan A. P. M. , Hazebroek Eric J. , Vreugdenhil Anita C. E. , Olbers Torsten , van Dielen François M. H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent data support the use of bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity following unsuccessful non-surgical treatments. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) have demonstrated reasonably similar weight loss and reduction of obesity related comorbidities in randomized trials in adults. SG has internationally become the most commonly used procedure in adolescents, yet long-term outcome data are lacking. No randomized controlled trial comparing SG and RYGB has been performed in adolescents.ObjectiveDetermine whether SG is non-inferior to RYGB in terms of total body weight (TBW) loss in adolescents with severe obesity.MethodsA multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Two hundred sixty-four adolescents aged 13–17 (Tanner stage ≥IV) with severe obesity (corrected for age and sex) will be included. Adolescents agreeing to participate will be randomized to either RYGB or SG. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants achieving 20% TBW loss at 3 years postoperatively. Secondary outcomes include (i) change in body weight, body mass index (BMI) and BMI standard deviation score, (ii) incidence of adverse health events and need for additional surgical intervention, (iii) resolution of obesity-related comorbidities, (iv) prevalence of cardio metabolic risk factor measures, (v) bone health measures and incidence of bone fractures, (vi) quality of life including psychosocial health, patient satisfaction and educational attainment and (vii) body composition. Follow-up will extend into the long term.ResultsNot applicable.DiscussionThis study will, to our knowledge, be the first randomized controlled trial comparing SG and RYGB in adolescents with severe obesity.Trial registrationThe trial is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register on July 26th, 2018 – NTR7191 -https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7191(protocol version 5.0 – February 3th 2020).
Quality of life among patients with multiple sclerosis and voiding dysfunction: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nazari Fatemeh , Shaygannejad Vahid , Mohammadi Sichani Mehrdad , Mansourian Marjan , Hajhashemi Valiollah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvaluating the usefulness of treatment requires a direct measurement of the health-related quality of life (QOL). Therefore, this study was carried out aiming to determine the QOL of patients with MS and voiding dysfunction.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out using multi-stage random cluster sampling method on 602 patients with MS in Isfahan, Iran. All data were collected through interviews using standard questionnaires including International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.ResultsThe prevalence rate of mixed, irritative, and obstructive urinary symptoms was 52.2, 25.5, and 6.5%, respectively. The mixed symptom had the highest prevalence among men and women with rates of 56.5 and 51.1%, respectively. The prevalence of irritative and obstructive symptoms was, respectively, higher and statistically significant among women alone and men alone (P <  0.05). The prevalence of irritative symptoms was higher among patients with MS, EDSS score ≤ 3, disease duration of less than 5 years, and with clinically isolated syndrome. In addition, the prevalence of mixed symptoms was higher among patients with MS of over 30 years of age with a Pre-high school degree, severe disability, disease duration of over 10 years, and progressive MS; the difference was statistically significant (P <  0.05). There was a difference in the combined dimensions of physical and mental health of QOL between the two groups with and without urinary symptoms (P <  0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a higher probability of a urinary problems among patients with MS and high age [3.273 (1.083–9.860);P = 0.035].ConclusionsMixed urinary symptoms are highly prevalent among MS patients and affect QOL dimensions. In order to improve QOL, more attention and focus should be paid to urinary problems in MS patients.
Atypical focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis without clinical symptoms presenting as infiltrative renal cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ding Xiaobo , Wang Gang , Wang Tiejun , Ma Xiaobo , Wang Yanbo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an uncommon form of chronic pyelonephritis. Most patients of XGP are diffuse in radiology and the clinical features are typical.

Case presentation
We present a case of 24-year-old female with the absence of symptoms and normal laboratory examinations. Contrast computed tomography and intravenous pyelography demonstrate infiltrative renal mass and renal cell carcinoma is presumed. Laparoscopic right radical nephrectomy is performed, but the final pathological result shows XGP.

Conclusions
As far as we know, this is the first case report of XGP without any symptoms/signs and with normal laboratory examinations. The diagnosis of atypical XGP is challenging and preoperative renal mass biopsy should be considered in special cases.