bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquisolid System and Liqui-Mass System Are Not the Same
Authors: Lam Matthew , Ghafourian Taravat , Nokhodchi Ali 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis commentary is written in response to Pezzini’s research group commentary, which claimed Liqui-Pellet and liquisolid pellet are not different. Despite some similarities, there are crucial differences separating these two technologies. Liqui-Pellet uses liqui-mass system (wet mass/paste admixture), and liquisolid pellet uses liquisolid system (flowable powder admixture). The understanding of the well-defined term ‘liquisolid system’ is crucial to understand what is and is not liquisolid formulation. Spireas, who is the inventor of liquisolid technology, clearly defined liquisolid system in his patent document and publications. Since his first publication in 1998, there are around 200 articles about liquisolid formulations (extracted from Scopus), and with no exception, every single one of them followed the original definition of liquisolid system. Liqui-Pellet does not use liquisolid system and so calling it the same as liquisolid pellet, which uses liquisolid system, is incorrect and misleading. The purpose of this commentary is to resolve misunderstanding and support furthering knowledge.
Disentangling the Relationships Between the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System, Calcium Physiology, and Risk for Kidney Stones
Authors: Bayomy Omar , Zaheer Sarah , Williams Jonathan S , Curhan Gary , Vaidya Anand 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Context
Complex relationships between aldosterone and calcium homeostasis have been proposed.

Objective
To disentangle the influence of aldosterone and intravascular volume on calcium physiology.

Design
Patient-oriented and epidemiology studies.

Setting
Clinical research center and nationwide cohorts.

Participants/Interventions
Patient-oriented study (n = 18): Participants were evaluated after completing a sodium-restricted (RES) diet to contract intravascular volume and after a liberalized-sodium (LIB) diet to expand intravascular volume. Cross-sectional studies (n = 3755): the association between 24h urinary sodium and calcium excretion and risk for kidney stones was assessed.

Results
Patient-oriented study: compared to a RES-diet, a LIB-diet suppressed renin activity (LIB: 0.3 [0.1, 0.4] vs. RES: 3.1 [1.7, 5.3] ng/mL/h; P &lt; 0.001) and plasma aldosterone (LIB: 2.0 [2.0, 2.7] vs. RES: 20.0 [16.1, 31.0] vs. ng/dL; P &lt; 0.001), but increased calciuria (LIB: 238.4 ± 112.3 vs. RES: 112.9 ± 60.8 mg/24hr; P &lt; 0.0001) and decreased serum calcium (LIB: 8.9 ± 0.3 vs. RES: 9.8 ± 0.4 mg/dL; P &lt; 0.0001). Epidemiology study: mean urinary calcium excretion was higher with greater urinary sodium excretion. Compared to a urinary sodium excretion of &lt; 120 mEq/day, a urinary sodium excretion of ≥220 mEq/day was associated with a higher risk for having kidney stones in women (risk ratio = 1.79 [95% confidence interval 1.05, 3.04]) and men (risk ratio = 2.06 [95% confidence interval 1.27, 3.32]).

Conclusions
High dietary sodium intake suppresses aldosterone, decreases serum calcium, and increases calciuria and the risk for developing kidney stones. Our findings help disentangle the influences of volume from aldosterone on calcium homeostasis and provide support for the recommendation to restrict dietary sodium for kidney stone prevention.
Body Mass Index and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A 2-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhao Yalin , Xu Yuping , Wang Xiaomeng , Xu Lin , Chen Jianhua , Gao Chengwen , Wu Chuanhong , Pan Dun , Zhang Qian , Zhou Juan , Chen Ruirui , Wang Zhuo , Zhao Han , You Li , Cao Yunxia , Li Zhiqiang , Shi Yongyong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Observational studies have shown a link between elevated body mass index (BMI) and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). While Mendelian randomization (MR) studies in Europeans have suggested a causal role of increased BMI in PCOS, whether the same role is suggested in Asians has yet to be investigated. We used MR studies to infer causal effects using genetic data from East Asian populations.

Methods and Findings
We performed a 2-sample bidirectional MR analysis using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of BMI (with up to 173 430 individuals) and PCOS (4386 cases and 8017 controls) in East Asian populations. Seventy-eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) correlated with BMI were selected as genetic instrumental variables to estimate the causal effect of BMI on PCOS using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. To test the reliability of the results, further sensitivity analyses included MR–Egger regression, weighted median estimates, and leave-one-out analysis. The IVW analysis indicated a significant association between high BMI and the risk of PCOS (odds ratio per standard deviation higher BMI, 2.208; 95% confidence interval 1.537 to 3.168, P = 1.77 × 10–5). In contrast, the genetic risk of PCOS had no significant effect on BMI.

Conclusions
The results of our bidirectional MR study showed that an increase in BMI causes PCOS, while PCOS does not cause an increased BMI. This study provides further genetic support for a link between BMI and PCOS. Further research is needed to interpret the potential mechanisms of this association.
bmo-miR-2739 and the novel microRNA miR-167 coordinately regulate the expression of the vitellogenin receptor in Bombyx mori oogenesis
Authors: Chen Enxiang , Chen Zhiwei , Li Shenglong , Xing Dongxu , Guo Huizhen , Liu Jianqiu , Ji Xiaocun , Lin Ying , Liu Shiping , Xia Qingyou 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Vitellogenin receptors (VgRs) play crucial roles in oogenesis by mediating endocytosis of vitellogenin and other nutrients in ovipara. We conducted small RNA sequencing and screening with a luciferase reporter system, and found that bmo-miR-2739 and a novel miRNA (novel-miR-167) coordinately regulate the expression of VgR in Bombyx mori (BmVgR). Further analyses suggested that these two miRNAs direct target repression by binding directly to the BmVgR 3′ untranslated region. Forced expression of either miRNA using the piggyBac system blocked vitellogenin (Vg) transport and retarded ovariole development. Antagomir silencing of bmo-miR-2739 or novel-miR-167 resulted in increased amounts of BmVgR protein in the ovaries and BmVgR mRNA in the fat body. This evidence, combined with spatiotemporal expression profiles, revealed that these two miRNAs function together to fine-tune the amount of BmVgR protein for ovarian development. Additionally, novel-miR-167 was mainly responsible for the post-transcriptional repression of BmVgR in non-ovarian tissues. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the function of miRNAs during ovarian development of a lepidopteran and suggest a new strategy for controlling insect reproduction.
The value of diffusion-weighted imaging based on monoexponential and biexponential models for the diagnosis of benign and malignant lung nodules and masses
Authors: Jiang Jianqin , Fu Yigang , Hu Xiaoyun , Cui Lei , Hong Qin , Gu Xiaowen , Yin Jianbing , Cai Rongfang , Xu Gaofeng 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
The objective is to compare the efficacy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) parameters of mean and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean and ADCmin) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in the differentiation of benign and malignant lung nodules and masses.

Methods:
Lung lesions measured larger than 1.5 cm on CT were included between August 2015 and September 2018. DWI (10 b-values, 0–1000 s/mm2) scans were performed, and the data were post-processed to derive the ADCmean, ADCmin and IVIM parameters of true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f). An independent sample t-test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare benign and malignant parameters. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated and a Z test was used.

Results:
121 patients were finally enrolled, each with one lesion. Examined 121 lesions were malignant in 88 (72.7%) and benign in 33 (27.3%). The ADCmean of malignant pulmonary nodules was significantly lower than that of benign pulmonary nodules (t = 3.156, p = 0.006), whereas the other parameters revealed no significant differences (p = 0.162–0.690). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that an ADCmean threshold value of 1.43 × 10−3 mm2/s yielded 88.57% sensitivity and 64.29% specificity. While for lung masses, the ADCmean, ADCmin, D and D* values in malignant pulmonary masses were significantly lower (P﹤0.001–0.011). Among them, the D value exhibited the best diagnostic performance when the threshold of D was 1.23 × 10−3mm2/s, which yielded a sensitivity of 90.57% and a specificity of 89.47% (Z = 2.230, 3.958, 2.877 and p = 0.026, ﹤0.001 and 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion:
ADC is the most robust parameter to differentiate benign and malignant lung nodules, whereas D is the most robust parameter to differentiate benign and malignant lung masses.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first study to compare all the quantitative parameters of DWI and IVIM mentioned in the literatures for assessing lung lesions; Second, we divided the lesions into lung nodules and lung masses with the size of 3 cm as the boundary.
Wide-angle speckleless DMD holographic display using structured illumination with temporal multiplexing
Authors: Lee Byounghyo , Yoo Dongheon , Jeong Jinsoo , Lee Seungjae , Lee Dukho , Lee Byoungho 
Published: March 2020

We propose a digital micromirror device (DMD) holographic display, where speckleless holograms can be observed in the expanded viewing zone. Structured illumination (SI) is applied to expand the small diffraction angle of the DMD using a laser diode (LD) array. To eliminate diffraction noise from SI, we utilize an active filter array for the Fourier filter and synchronize it with the LD array. The speckle noise is reduced via temporal multiplexing, where the proposed system supports a dynamic video of 60 Hz using the DMD’s fast operation property. The proposed system is verified and evaluated with experimental results.
A Changeling Becomes Titania: The Realm of the Fairies in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre
Authors: Cortés Vieco Francisco José 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Jane Eyre never-endingly mesmerizes readers and scholars alike thanks to its fairy-tale echoes, but Charlotte Brontë also wrote this novel as a tale of her own myth-making about two fairies: Jane and Edward Rochester, because only fairylands of fantasy and daydreaming might empower an unprotected woman in Victorian times. This article explores Jane Eyre’s life journey and life-writing as if she were a fairy. She begins as a changeling child who torments malevolent adults and consoles herself in fairy tales. When Jane becomes a woman, whose fairy wings of rebelliousness and freedom cannot be torn by social rules or by any mortal, she is eventually crowned by her fairy godmother – Charlotte Brontë – with the diadem of love and gender equality as Titania, a queen in her own right, who chooses to marry her Oberon: Rochester.
Interpregnancy interval and the risk for recurrence of placental mediated pregnancy complications
Authors: Gabbay-Benziv Rinat , Ashwal Eran , Hadar Eran , Aviram Amir , Yogev Yariv , Melamed Nir , Hiersch Liran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short or long interpregnancy interval (IPI) with placental mediated pregnancy complications after already complicated first delivery.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all women with singleton pregnancies who delivered their first three consecutive deliveries in one university-affiliated medical center (1994–2013). Placental mediated complications included placental abruption, small for gestational age, preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, or preterm delivery. Following first complicated delivery, IPI was compared stratified by second delivery outcome. Following two complicated deliveries, IPI was compared stratified by third delivery outcome. IPI was evaluated as continuous or categorical variable (>18, 18–60, >60 months). Related samples Cochrans’ Q test and Mann-Whitney analysis were used as appropriate.ResultsOverall, 4310 women entered analysis. Of them, 18.3%, 10.5%, and 9.3% had complicated first, second, and third delivery, consecutively. Evaluated continuously, longer IPI, but not short IPI, was associated with higher rates of complicated second delivery. Stratified to categories, IPI had no effect on recurrent complications evaluated separately or as composite.ConclusionOur results suggest that long IPI may increase risk for placental mediated pregnancy complications. Further studies are needed to evaluate this effect.
Food habits of the Indian bush rat (Golunda ellioti Gray, 1837) in Pothwar region, Pakistan
Authors: Naz Ruqqya , Kayani Amjad Rashid , Nadeem Muhammad Sajid , Mushtaq Muhammad , Qayyum Mazhar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Indian bush rat, Golunda ellioti, is indigenous to the Indo-Pak subcontinent. Food habits of this bush rat were investigated using its stomach and fecal contents. Trapping was conducted every month from November 2013 to February 2016. This over 28 months generated a total of 2520 trapping nights. Sample slides from 82 stomach and 10 fecal samples were compared with the reference slides. Field observations along with feeding the Indian bush rat in captivity revealed that it preferably fed on 27 species of grasses with Digitaria sanguinalis [frequency of occurrence (FO) = 13.5%] being the most abundant one followed by Pennisetum orientale (FO = 8.5%). However, the Berger-Parker index revealed that D. sanguinalis (d = 0.148) was followed by Triticum aestivum (d = 0.145). Along with that, they also consumed tillers and seeds of wheat, gram seeds and young leaves of mustard. Considering the climatic changes, its success in adapting to the arid regions and dependence on grasses for food and cover may favor this species in future.
The crystal structure of 4,4′-bipyridinium bis(3-carboxy-2-nitrobenzoate) tetrahydrate, C13H13N2O8
Authors: Chai Chun-Xia , Peng Peng , Cai Bin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
C13H13N2O8, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.8590(6) Å, b = 9.3108(8) Å, c = 11.0816(8) Å, α = 66.950(3)°, β = 71.558(3)°, γ = 77.203(4)°, V = 703.38(10) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0389, wRref(F2) = 0.1075, T = 149(2) K.
The evolution of proto-Brit. *-/lth/ in Welsh
Authors: Eska Joseph F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper argues that the evolution of proto-Brittonic final *-/lth/ > -/lθ/ > -/ɬt/ in Welsh is the result of the metathesis of the feature [spread glottis] from the final coronal fricative to the lateral approximant with well known concomitant phonetic changes that devoiced and fricated the lateral approximant while occluding the coronal fricative.
A version of Diarmaid agus Gráinne attributed to three storytellers
Authors: Sumner Natasha 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Aufsatz enthält Erörterung, Text und englische Übersetzung der Version der Geschichte über Diarmaid und Gráinne, die 1930 nach Seán Mac Con Rís Erzählung niedergeschrieben wurde. Die Erörterung stellt zuerst den Erzähler und den Sammler vor. Als Nächstes wird auf den höchst ungewöhnlichen Umstand eingegangen, dass zwei spätere Märchensammler zwei weiteren Erzählern im Wesentlichen dieselbe Geschichte zuschreiben. Im Weiteren wird sowohl dargelegt, dass alle drei Texte als eine einzige Version (erzählt von Mac Con Rí) zu betrachten sind, als auch, dass nicht von einer Unehrlichkeit seitens des zweiten und dritten Sammlers auszugehen ist. Schließlich wird die Beziehung der Erzählung von Mac Con Rí zur breiteren Erzähltradition über Diarmaid und Gráinne betrachtet.
Zur Motivation des französischen Wortakzents
Authors: Wandruszka Ulrich 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Studies of individual languages rarely discuss in any depth the question of how, or to what extent, the positioning of word stress in polysyllabic words is motivated functionally although addressing this issue would mean relating the structural levels of phonetics/phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics systematically to each other. Given that in French practically all (Latin) syllables following the syllable which carries the main stress have been muted, words and word forms are oxytones, generally carrying stress on the last syllable. As a result, endings and suffixes which constitute the morphological head of a word and are, as such, normally unstressed, now also carry stress. This can be seen in faisait or nageur, which in English would correspond to was *doíng or *swimmér or in German to *machté or *Schwimmér respectively. Since stress is normally positioned on the lexical stem, which carries more information, a morphoprosodic mismatch leading to a countericonic stress pattern obtains in French. Interestingly, this phenomenon has hardly attracted serious attention in linguistics so far, and speakers of French have apparently remained undisturbed by the mismatch. The same is true of the counter-intuitive stress placed on enclitic pronouns in prends-lé! – táke it – nímm(e)s! or vient-íl? – is he cóming? – kómmt er? Apparently, language as an instrument also works when the encoding is suboptimal or dysfunctional. The reason for this must be that language is also supported by the (lexical) content of the signs, which nevertheless makes an appropriate interpretation possible.
HIV Testing Among Adolescents With Acute Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Petsis Danielle , Min Jungwon , Huang Yuan-Shung V. , Akers Aletha Y. , Wood Sarah 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have increased over the decade. Guidelines recommend HIV testing with incident STIs. Prevalence and factors associated with HIV testing in acute STIs are unknown in adolescents. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of completed HIV testing among adolescents with incident STIs and identify patient and health care factors associated with HIV testing.

METHODS:
Retrospective study of STI episodes (gonorrhea, Chlamydia, trichomoniasis, or syphilis) of adolescents between 13 and 24 years old from July 2014 to December 2017 in 2 urban primary care clinics. We performed mixed effects logistic regression modeling to identify patient and health care factors associated with HIV testing within 90 days of STI diagnosis.

RESULTS:
The 1313 participants contributed 1816 acute STI episodes. Mean age at STI diagnosis was 17.2 years (SD = 1.7), 75% of episodes occurred in females, and 97% occurred in African Americans. Only half (55%) of acute STI episodes had a completed HIV test. In the adjusted model, female sex, previous STIs, uninsured status, and confidential sexual health encounters were associated with decreased odds of HIV testing. Patients enrolled in primary care at the clinics, compared with those receiving sexual health care alone, and those with multipathogen STI diagnoses were more likely to have HIV testing.

CONCLUSIONS:
HIV testing rates among adolescents with acute STIs are suboptimal. Patient and health care factors were found to be associated with receipt of testing and should be considered in clinical practice.
Varied Impacts of Globalization on Religion in a Contemporary Society
Authors: Iqbal Asep Muhamad 
Published: March 2020

This article discusses the current situation of religion caused by the forces of globalization by analyzing the developing phenomenon related to religion in contemporary society. It argues that globalization has a mixed impact on religion in ways that lead to the opposing view of secularist scholars that religion will be diminished. Apparently, religion has experienced a revival in many parts of the world, mainly in the form of religious fundamentalism. Problems and challenges posed by globalization, such as the environmental crisis and secular society have provided the opportunity and the power to religion to revitalize itself and to transform themselves into a religion with a new form that has a role and a new identity. Furthermore, globalization may lead to the decline of organized religion in modern society and certain intellectual subculture, but it does not cause the death of religion in private life. This is in line with the emergence of the phenomenon of “believing without belonging”. In short, globalization has helped to transform the religion itself and changed its strategy to address the problems and challenges of globalization to create “world de-secularization”.
[Artikel ini membahas keadaan mutakhir agama yang diakibatkan oleh kekuatan-kekuatan globalisasi dengan melakukan analisa atas fenomena yang sedang berkembang terkait agama dalam masyarakat kontemporer. Ia berargumen bahwa globalisasi memiliki dampak yang beragam terhadap agama dengan cara-cara yang justru mengarah kepada kebalikan dari ramalan musnahnya agama sebagaimana dipromosikan oleh para pendukung teori sekularisme. Tampaknya, agama mengalami kebangkitan kembali di berbagai belahan dunia, utamanya dalam bentuk gerakan fundamentalisme agama. Masalah dan tantangan yang diakibatkan oleh globalisasi, seperti krisis lingkungan dan masyarakat sekuler, justru telah memberikan kesempatan dan kekuatan kepada agama untuk merevitalisasi dirinya dan melakukan transformasi diri menjadi agama dengan bentuk baru yang memiliki peranan dan identitas baru. Lebih jauh, globalisasi telah menyebabkan kemunduran agama formal pada masyarakat modern dan subkultur intelektual tertentu, meski tidak sampai menyebabkan kematian agama dalam kehidupan pribadi. Hal ini seiring munculnya fenomena “believing without belonging”. Singkat kata, globalisasi telah membantu agama mentransformasi dirinya dan mengubah strateginya dalam mengatasi berbagai masalah dan tantangan globalisasi sehingga menciptakan “desekularisasi dunia”
Rekonsiliasi Sebagai Proses Bersama Menyembuhkan Luka Sejarah Islam Kristen di Kota Ambon
Authors: Iwamony Rachel , Relmasira Tri Astuti 
Published: March 2020

Reconciliation between Muslims and Christians in Ambon City is an important process to know and study. In 1999-2004 Muslims and Christians got involved in religious-based social conflicts. The social conflicts have uprooted their brotherhood and sisterhood relationship, and left deep historical wounds. However, after a decade, Muslims and Christians in Ambon City have been successful in restoring their life in harmony and peace. Based on the interview with young people in several areas in Ambon City, it was found that reconciliation could be restored by realizing that both Muslim and Christian people should restore the social conflicts for the sake of their good future. They have restored the reconciliation between themselves by having social and religious activities. The process of reconciliation and religious dialogue may be seen as ways of healing the historical wounds of the past social conflicts.
[Rekonsiliasi antara Muslim dan Kristen di kota Ambon adalah sebuah proses penting untuk dikaji dan dipelajari. Pada tahun 1999-2004 Muslim dan Kristen terlibat dalam konflik sosial berlatarbelakang agama. Konflik sosial telah menghancurkan sendi-sendi hubungan persaudaraan mereka serta meninggalkan luka sejarah yang begitu dalam. Namun, setelah satu dekade, Muslim dan Kristen di kota Ambon telah berhasil memulihkan kehidupan mereka dalam keharmonisan dan kedamaian. Dengan mewawancarai kalangan muda di beberapa daerah di kota Ambon, terkuak bahwa rekonsiliasi terpulihkan dengan menyadari bahwa orang-orang Muslim dan Kristen akan memulihkan konflik sosial demi masa depan mereka yang lebih baik. Mereka telah mewujudkan rekonsiliasi melalui kegiatan sosial dan keagamaan. Proses rekonsiliasi dan dialog keagamaan dapat dilihat sebagai cara untuk menyembuhkan luka historis dari konflik sosial di masa lalu.]