bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Chemical Knowledge Tentative or Durable or Both? – Analysis of Preservice Science Teachers' Conceptions about the Tentativeness of Chemical Knowledge
Authors: Müller Stefan , Reiners Christiane S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie Vorläufigkeit naturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse stellt aus wissenschaftstheoretischer Sicht ein entscheidendes Merkmal naturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse dar. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Debatten um „Fake Science“ kommt ihr aber auch aus fachdidaktischer Sicht noch einmal eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Neben einem Vorschlag zur Klärung des Begriffs werden im Rahmen des Artikels Ergebnisse zweier qualitativer Studien vorgestellt. Diese zeigen, dass Lehramtsstudierende des Faches Chemie oftmals nur inkonsistente Ansichten über die Vorläufigkeit besitzen, die darüber hinaus relativ resistent gegenüber Veränderungen sind. Zur Förderung eines adäquaten Verständnisses ist neben einer intensiven und strukturierten Auseinandersetzung mit der Vorläufigkeit auch eine Thematisierung der Beständigkeit und Glaubwürdigkeit von naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen notwendig. Darüber hinaus werden im Artikel weitere Maßnahmen zur Verständnisförderung vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Wives of Chemists – more than just a side note in the biography of famous researchers. Dealing with gender issues in the chemistry lessons of secondary school
Authors: Helfensteller Ronny , Boeck Gisela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOftmals reicht die Zeit im Unterricht nicht aus, um mit der Lerngruppe noch zusätzliche Themen zu behandeln. Das ist vor allem dann der Fall, wenn es um Biografien berühmter Wissenschaftler*innen oder gar um gendergerechte Aspekte geht. Doch dass es durchaus lohnenswert sein kann, sich mit solchen Themen auf einer reflexiven Ebene auseinanderzusetzen, versucht der folgende Artikel zu zeigen. Nach einer kurzen theoretischen Abhandlung zum gendersensiblen Chemieunterricht und einer Zusammenfassung der Biografien von Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier (1743–1789) und seiner Ehefrau Marie‐Anne Lavoisier (1758–1836) werden einige kreative Arbeitsschritte vorgestellt, um mit den Schüler*innen über (historische) Geschlechterrollen zu reflektieren. Die entworfenen Materialien werden dabei nicht nur beschrieben, sondern stehen als Supporting Information zur Verfügung.
Intraoperative and early postoperative complications in postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy among patients with germ cell tumors using validated grading classifications
Authors: Umbreit Eric C. , McIntosh Andrew G. , Suk‐ouichai Chalairat , Segarra Luis A. , Holland Levi C. , Fellman Bryan M. , Williams Stephen B. , Thomas Arun Z. , Tu Shi‐Ming , Pettaway Curtis A. , Pisters Louis L. , Ward John F. , Wood Christopher G. , Karam Jose A. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPostchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (PC‐RPLND) is an essential, yet potentially morbid, therapy for the management of patients with advanced germ cell tumors. In the current study, the authors sought to define the complication profile of PC‐RPLND using validated grading systems for intraoperative adverse events (iAEs) and early postoperative complications.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2018, all patients who underwent PC‐RPLND were analyzed for iAEs and early postoperative complications using the Kaafarani and Clavien‐Dindo classifications, respectively. Logistic regression models were conducted to assess patient and tumor factors associated with iAEs and postoperative complications.ResultsOf the 453 patients identified, 115 patients (25%) and 252 patients (56%), respectively, experienced an iAE and postoperative complication. Major iAEs (grade ≥3) were observed in 15 patients (3%) and major postoperative complications (grade ≥3) were noted in 80 patients (18%). The most common iAE was vascular injury (112 of 132 events; 85%), which occurred in 92 patients (20%), and the most frequent postoperative complication was ileus, which occurred in 121 patients (27%). Original and postchemotherapy retroperitoneal mass size, nonretroperitoneal metastases, intermediate and/or poor International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group classification, previous RPLND, elevated tumor markers at the time of RPLND, and anticipated adjuvant surgical procedures increased the risk of both iAEs and postoperative complications. Patients who experienced an iAE were significantly more likely to experience a postoperative complication (odds ratio, 2.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.58‐3.97 [P < .001]).ConclusionsIn what to the authors' knowledge is the first analysis of PC‐RPLND using validated classifications for both iAEs and postoperative complications, advanced disease and surgical complexity significantly increased the risks of major iAEs and postoperative complications. Standardized reporting of adverse perioperative events allows providers and patients to appreciate the consequences of PC‐RPLND during counseling and decision making.
Transcriptomics reveals specific molecular mechanisms underlying transgenerational immunity in Manduca sexta
Authors: Roesel Charles L. , Rosengaus Rebeca B. , Smith Wendy , Vollmer Steven V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe traditional view of innate immunity in insects is that every exposure to a pathogen triggers an identical and appropriate immune response and that prior exposures to pathogens do not confer any protective (i.e., adaptive) effect against subsequent exposure to the same pathogen. This view has been challenged by experiments demonstrating that encounters with sublethal doses of a pathogen can prime the insect's immune system and, thus, have protective effects against future lethal doses. Immune priming has been reported across several insect species, including the red flour beetle, the honeycomb moth, the bumblebee, and the European honeybee, among others. Immune priming can also be transgenerational where the parent's pathogenic history influences the immune response of its offspring. Phenotypic evidence of transgenerational immune priming (TGIP) exists in the tobacco moth Manduca sexta where first‐instar progeny of mothers injected with the bacterium Serratia marcescens exhibited a significant increase of in vivo bacterial clearance. To identify the gene expression changes underlying TGIP in M. sexta, we performed transcriptome‐wide, transgenerational differential gene expression analysis on mothers and their offspring after mothers were exposed to S. marcescens. We are the first to perform transcriptome‐wide analysis of the gene expression changes associated with TGIP in this ecologically relevant model organism. We show that maternal exposure to both heat‐killed and live S. marcescens has strong and significant transgenerational impacts on gene expression patterns in their offspring, including upregulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein, toll‐like receptor 9, and the antimicrobial peptide cecropin.
Atrial fibrillation, anticoagulation management and risk of stroke in the Cardiomyopathy/Myocarditis registry of the EURObservational Research Programme of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Mizia‐Stec Katarzyna , Caforio Alida L.P. , Charron Philippe , Gimeno Juan R. , Elliott Perry , Kaski Juan Pablo , Maggioni Aldo P. , Tavazzi Luigi , Rigopoulos Angelos G. , Laroche Cecile , Frigy Attila , Zachara Elisabetta , Pena‐Pena Maria Luisa , Olusegun‐Joseph Akinsanya , Pinto Yigal , Sala Simone , Drago Fabrizio , Blagova Olga , Reznik Elena , Tendera Michał 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsCardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders that increase the risk for atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of AF, anticoagulation management, and risk of stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) in patients with cardiomyopathy.Methods and resultsThree thousand two hundred eight consecutive adult patients with cardiomyopathy (34.9% female; median age: 55.0 years) were prospectively enrolled as part of the EURObservational Research Programme Cardiomyopathy/Myocarditis Registry. At baseline, 903 (28.2%) patients had AF (29.4% dilated, 27.5% hypertrophic, 51.5% restrictive, and 14.7% arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, P < 0.001). AF was associated with more advanced New York Heart Association class (P < 0.001), increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and co‐morbidities, and a history of stroke/TIA (P < 0.001). Oral anticoagulation was administered in 71.7% of patients with AF (vitamin K antagonist: 51.6%; direct oral anticoagulant: 20.1%). At 1 year follow‐up, the incidence of cardiovascular endpoints was as follows: stroke/TIA 1.85% (AF vs. non‐AF: 3.17% vs. 1.19%, P < 0.001), death from any cause 3.43% (AF vs. non‐AF: 5.39% vs. 2.50%, P < 0.001), and death from heart failure 1.67% (AF vs. non‐AF: 2.44% vs. 1.31%, P = 0.033). The independent predictors for stroke/TIA were as follows: AF [odds ratio (OR) 2.812, P = 0.005], history of stroke (OR 7.311, P = 0.010), and anaemia (OR 3.119, P = 0.006).ConclusionsThe study reveals a high prevalence and diverse distribution of AF in patients with cardiomyopathies, inadequate anticoagulation regimen, and high risk of stroke/TIA in this population.
How do SYMPtoms and management tasks in chronic heart failure imPACT a person's life (SYMPACT)? Protocol for a mixed‐methods study
Authors: Austin Rosalynn C. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Richardson Alison , Kalra Paul R. , May Carl R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsPatients with chronic heart failure (CHF) struggle to follow self‐care plans, which may lead to worsening illness and poor quality of life. Burden of treatment (BoT) describes this workload and its impact on patients' lives. Suggesting the balance between a patient's treatment workload and their capability to manage it is crucial. If BoT is reduced, self‐care engagement and quality of life may improve. This article describes the SYMPACT study design and methods used to explore how symptoms and management tasks impact CHF patients' lives.Methods and resultsWe used a sequential exploratory mixed‐methods design to investigate the interaction between symptoms and BoT in CHF patients.ConclusionsIf symptoms and BoT are intrinsically linked, then the high level of symptoms experienced by CHF patients may lead to increased treatment burden, which likely decreases patients' engagement with self‐care plans. SYMPACT may identify modifiable factors to improve CHF patients' experience.
A dynamic process for evaluating the reliability of fossil power plant assets
Authors: Palakodeti Satyanarayana R. , Raju P. K. , Guo Huairui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBudgets and maintenance programs in fossil power plants are frequently set based on engineering judgment rather than a Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA). Fossil power plants seldom use PRA due to a lack of practical processes, especially when field reliability data are not readily available. In the absence of field data, using general industry data may not be right for conducting PRA for a given organization as the operation and maintenance conditions significantly vary between organizations. To have a successful PRA, an organization needs to use its own field data, and have an efficient process for its organization. Studies have suggested using field data provides a robust model and accurate results. Use of Reliability Block Diagrams for Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability analysis is not new. However, applications of these techniques are new to fossil power plants. In this paper, we propose a practical process by integrating several existing reliability techniques for fossil plants to apply PRA. The process was tested at many power plants, and the results aligned well with the actual values. The methodology outlined in this paper is a forward‐looking tool for managers to predict system reliability, and proactively develop maintenance plans and budgets.
A retrospective analysis of ovarian response to gonadotropins after laparoscopic unilateral or bilateral salpingectomy for hydrosalpinges
Authors: Mizusawa Yuri , Matsumoto Yukiko , Kokeguchi Shoji , Shiotani Masahide 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsWe compared the effects of unilateral and bilateral salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx on ovarian function, oocyte retrieval, and embryogenesis.MethodsWe retrospectively examined the hospital records of 109 women with unilateral hydrosalpinx and 57 women with bilateral hydrosalpinges who had undergone in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment (280 oocyte retrieval cycles) between January 2011 and December 2018. We compared age at oocyte retrieval, level of anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) measured within 1 year of oocyte retrieval, duration of infertility, number of previous IVF treatments, level of follicle stimulating hormone, total gonadotropin dose, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, blastocyst formation rate, and peak serum estrogen concentration. This study was approved by the institutional review board.ResultsOf the women with unilateral hydrosalpinx, no significant differences were observed in ovarian response, rate of fertilization or rate of blastocyst production between the 21 women (24 cycles) who had undergone unilateral salpingectomy and the 88 women (146 cycles) who had not. Of the women with bilateral hydrosalpinges, the 13 (24 cycles) who had undergone bilateral salpingectomy had slightly lower AMH levels and significantly fewer oocytes retrieved (5.5 ± 3.9 vs 8.3 ± 5.5; P = .0068) than the 44 women (86 cycles) who had not had a salpingectomy. Women who had undergone bilateral salpingectomy also had significantly lower peak serum estrogen concentrations than those who had not undergone salpingectomy (1876.1 ± 765.9 vs 2489.5 ± 1551.4; P = .009).ConclusionIn women with hydrosalpinx, bilateral salpingectomy may reduce ovarian function and response to gonadotropins, especially the number of oocytes retrieved. Unilateral salpingectomy does not have these effects.
More, Faster, Neater: Middle School Students’ Self‐Assessed Literacy Concerns
Authors: Williamson Thea , LeeKeenan Kira , Peixoto Sinélia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe explored how a group of 105 diverse middle‐school students self‐assessed their work as readers and writers during a summer enrichment program. Findings from the study revealed hauntings related to youth perceptions of language and literacy, evidence of a ghostly presence of standard language ideology. In the self‐assessments, youth discussed speed and volume, in addition to surface features of language, more frequently than meaning‐related aspects of literacy. These findings indicate the persistence of traditional definitions of literacy and thus the need for teaching that disrupts narrow understandings about the nature of reading, writing, and language.
In vitro methodology for medical device material thrombogenicity assessments: A use condition and bioanalytical proof‐of‐concept approach
Authors: Wolf Michael F. , Girdhar Gaurav , Anderson Arielle A. , Ubl Samantha R. , Thinamany Sinduja , Jeffers Hannah N. , DeRusha Courtney E. , Rodriguez‐Fernandez Jenny , Hoffmann Sebastian , Strief Carrie A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDevice manufacturers and regulatory agencies currently utilize expensive and often inconclusive in vivo vascular implant models to assess implant material thrombogenicity. We report an in vitro thrombogenicity assessment methodology where test materials (polyethylene, Elasthane™ 80A polyurethane, Pebax®), alongside positive (borosilicate glass) and negative (no material) controls, were exposed to fresh human blood, with attention to common blood‐contact use conditions and the variables: material (M), material surface modification (SM) with heparin, model (Mo), time (T), blood donor (D), exposure ratio (ER; cm2 material/ml blood), heparin anticoagulation (H), and blood draw/fill technique (DT). Two models were used: (1) a gentle‐agitation test tube model and (2) a pulsatile flow closed‐loop model. Thrombogenicity measurements included thrombin generation (thrombin‐antithrombin complex [TAT] and human prothrombin fragment F1.2), platelet activation (β‐thromboglobulin), and platelet counts. We report that: (a) thrombogenicity was strongly dependent (p < .0001) on M, H, and T, and variably dependent (p < .0001 – > .05) on Mo, SM, and D (b) differences between positive control, test, and negative control materials became less pronounced as H increased from 0.6 to 2.0 U/ml, and (c) in vitro‐to‐in vivo case comparisons showed consistency in thrombogenicity rankings on materials classified to be of low, moderate, and high concern. In vitro methods using fresh human blood are therefore scientifically sound and cost effective compared to in vivo methods for screening intravascular materials and devices for thrombogenicity.
Full‐thickness tissue engineered oral mucosa for genitourinary reconstruction: A comparison of different collagen‐based biodegradable membranes
Authors: Schwab Roxana , Heller Martin , Pfeifer Céline , Unger Ronald E. , Walenta Stefan , Nezi‐Cahn Sandra , Al‐Nawas Bilal , Hasenburg Annette , Brenner Walburgis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTissue engineering is a method of growing importance regarding clinical application in the genitourinary region. One of the key factors in successfully development of an artificially tissue engineered mucosa equivalent (TEOM) is the optimal choice of the scaffold. Collagen scaffolds are regarded as gold standard in dermal tissue reconstruction. Four distinct collagen scaffolds were evaluated for the ability to support the development of an organotypical tissue architecture. TEOMs were established by seeding cocultures of primary oral epithelial cells and fibroblasts on four distinct collagen membranes. Cell viability was assessed by MTT‐assay. The 3D architecture and functionality of the tissue engineered oral mucosa equivalents were evaluated by confocal laser‐scanning microscopy and immunostaining. Cell viability was reduced on the TissuFoil E® membrane. A multi‐stratified epithelial layer was established on all four materials, however the TEOMs on the Bio‐Gide® scaffold showed the best fibroblast differentiation, secretion of tenascin and fibroblast migration into the membrane. The TEOMs generated on Bio‐Gide® scaffold exhibited the optimal cellular organization into a cellular 3D network. Thus, the Bio‐Gide® scaffold is a suitable matrix for engineering of mucosa substitutes in vitro.
Acquired factor XIII deficiency in patients under therapeutic plasma exchange: A poorly explored etiology
Authors: Chuliber Fernando Andrés , Penchasky Diana , Santoro Diego Mario , Viñuales Susana , Otero Victoria , Villagra Iturre Maximiliano , Privitera Verónica , Mezzarobba Daniela , Burgos Pratx Leandro , López Marina Sol , Barrera Luis , Schutz Natalia , Arbelbide Jorge , Martinuzzo Marta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionFactor XIII (FXIII) deficiency may cause bleeding under certain clinical circumstances. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) may lead to a transient deficiency.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical evolution of patients with acquired FXIII deficiency secondary to TPE.MethodsWe respectively studied a cohort of consecutive patients from 2014 to 2019 who were treated with TPE with FXIII levels <50%. The FXIII was measured after the start of the TPE course, on days between the TPE sessions, due to suspected acquired deficiency. All TPE were performed using continuous flow cell separator. In all cases, the initial replacement fluid applied was albumin. Apheresis procedures were held at 24to 48 hours intervals.ResultsEighteen patients were included, 13 of them were recipients of kidney transplants. The main TPE prescription was humoral rejection. Median FXIII at diagnosis (measured on days between sessions of the TPE course) was 19%(IQR17‐25). The median of apheresis procedures before measurement of FXIII was 3(IQR2‐4). Among the total cohort, 10 patients suffered hemorrhages. None of the patients without history of kidney transplants had bleeding (n = 5), however, 10/13 with kidney transplants did. Five kidney transplant patients received therapy with FXIII concentrate because of life‐threatening bleeding. In all cases, the bleeding stopped within the first 24 hours. All patients had their FXIII levels measured again after finishing the TPE course, with normal results.ConclusionsTPE is an under‐diagnosed cause of acquired FXIII deficiency since routine coagulation tests remain unaltered. It might cause major bleeding, particularly in patients with a recent history of surgery like kidney transplants.
The expression of miRNA‐146a‐5p and its mechanism of treating dry eye syndrome
Authors: Yin Liang , Zhang Mingxue , He Tiangeng , Chen Song 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveDry eye syndrome in which tear fluid quality or abnormality, or kinetic abnormality is caused by various reasons, resulting in decreased tear film stability. In recent years, more and more results from the studies indicate that miRNA alterations are involved in dry eye syndrome. And miRNA‐146a‐5p is a key regulator to regulate the inflammatory response. In this paper, we demonstrated whether miRNA‐146a‐5p could cure dry eye syndrome by regulating target genes based on network analysis.MethodsIn current study, we collected the blood of patients with dry eye disease served as a model group; the blood of healthy people was served as control group. The expression of miRNA‐146a‐5p in the patients was detected by RT‐PCR, the genes controlled by miRNA‐146a‐5p were predicted by TargetScan, miRDB, miRWalk, and PicTar databases, and the genes regulated by miRNA‐146a‐5p which relative with dry eye disease were selected by drawing Venn diagram.ResultsThe comparison of the general information between patients and healthy people was no significant difference, and it indicated that the two groups were comparable. The results of databases showed that IRAK1 was one of the target genes regulated by miRNA‐146a‐5p, and it is related to dry eye disease. The expression of miRNA‐146a‐5p was negatively related to IRAK1 mRNA and protein, while IRAK1 had a positive correlation with IL‐6, TNF‐α, and CBP proteins.ConclusionThese results emphasized that miRNA‐146a‐5p could inhibit the expression of IRAK1, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and CBP to help reduce the inflammatory response in dry eye syndrome.
A new prenatal sonographic sign of epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Chen Daniela , Zuckerman Shachar , Akerman Yehudit , Shen Ori 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report on the prenatal sonographic appearance of epidermolysis bullosa (EB). The third viable pregnancy of a consanguineous couple was found at 23 weeks to have dysplastic external ears and nose. The neonate was born at 33 weeks and was found to have junctional EB with pyloric atresia. On reviewing the 23‐week ultrasound images, skin denudation was evident. This is a report of visualization of skin denudation in EB. When EB is suspected prenatally, special attention should be given to the visualization of skin surfaces.