bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tooth autotransplantation using an interdisciplinary approach to rehabilitation in a young patient: Case report with 7‐year follow‐up
Authors: Velozo Christianne , Nogueira Luiz Ricardo , Nogueira Filho Luiz Ricardo , Capistrano Anderson , de Albuquerque Diana Santana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis case report demonstrates the possibility of functional and aesthetic rehabilitation using an interdisciplinary approach in a child following avulsion of a tooth. Autotransplantation after the development of calcific metamorphosis of the pulp and acute apical periodontitis provided satisfactory repair after root canal treatment. A 7‐year‐old white boy avulsed the right maxillary central incisor (tooth 11). The extra‐alveolar time exceeded 60 minutes, and this triggered external replacement resorption of the avulsed tooth. At 11 years of age, the child underwent tooth autotransplantation. After 4 years of follow‐up, intraoral clinical and radiographic examination led to the diagnosis of calcific metamorphosis of the pulp and acute apical periodontitis. The patient had minimally invasive root canal treatment, orthodontic treatment and esthetic rehabilitation with a porcelain crown. Control periapical radiography and tomography of the autotransplanted tooth after 7 years revealed bone repair in the periapical region. This case report indicates that tooth autotransplantation can be used to replace anterior teeth after avulsion followed by replacement resorption. Interdisciplinary management helped to maintain the esthetics and function of the rehabilitated area.
Verification of a cohesive model‐based extended finite element method for ductile crack propagation
Authors: Li Huan , Li Lei , Fan Jiangkun , Yue Zhufeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, an approach utilizing a conjunction of the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the Gurson‐Tvergaard‐Needleman (GTN) micromechanical damage model is proposed for predicting the ductile crack propagation of a mill‐annealed Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy. The cohesive model‐based XFEM approach is used to capture the continuous crack propagation process, and the GTN model is applied to describe the constitutive behaviour of the material. Simulations are conducted by using the standard finite element code ABAQUS following a Newton–Raphson algorithm solution with employing the user material subroutine of the GTN model. In comparison with the experimentalresults of the smooth, notched and cracked titanium specimens, this approach is shown to be an efficient method for simulating the ductile crack propagation process under different stress triaxialities.
The Cartagena Refugee Definition and Venezuelan Displacement in Latin America1
Authors: Freier Luisa Feline , Berganza Isabel , Blouin Cécile 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe displacement of Venezuelan citizens represents an important test for Latin American refugee policies. In mid‐2020, over 5 million people in need of international protection had left Venezuela, and there have been repeated calls for their recognition as refugees. Although fifteen countries in Latin America have included the refugee definition of the Cartagena Declaration into their domestic laws, only Mexico and Brazil have applied this definition to Venezuelan citizens. After a brief discussion of the history and scope of the Cartagena Declaration refugee definition and its incorporation into domestic legislation across Latin America, in this article, we provide a systematic legal analysis of its applicability to Venezuelan displacement. We conclude with policy recommendations and suggestions for further research.
Adsorption behaviors and mechanism of heavy metals onto attapulgite functionalized by polyamine silane
Authors: Xue Ailian , Zou Xiuyang , Zhou Shouyong , Li Meisheng , Zhu Liwen , Zhao Yijiang , Xing Weihong , Chen Chenglung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPollution from heavy‐metal ions has become a major challenge to the global fight against environmental pollution. Given the availability of various low‐cost and environmentally friendly adsorbents, adsorption has become the most efficient technology for the removal of heavy metals from water. In this study, attapulgite (ATP) was directly functionalized by coupling with an aminosilane agent. Analysis showed this maneuver provided a suitable adsorbent for the removal of lead ion (Pb2+) from an aqueous solution. The effects of several parameters including solution pH, contacting time, adsorbent dosage, and initial Pb2+ ion concentration were investigated. Batch sorption results showed that the adsorption process was rapid and over 98% of Pb2+ was removed within 30 min at the optimal pH 4.0. The maximum adsorption capacity at 25°C, calculated by the Langmuir isotherm, was 82.17, 78.80, 61.13, and 28.56 mg/g for γ‐divinyltriaminepropyl‐methyldimethoxylsilane‐grafted attapulgite (KH‐103‐ATP), γ‐aminopropyl‐methyldiethoxysilane‐grafted attapulgite (KH‐912‐ATP), N‐(β‐aminoethyl‐γ‐aminopropyl)‐methyl‐dimethoxysilane‐grafted attapulgite (KH‐602‐ATP), and ATP, respectively. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations of adsorption behaviors of heavy‐metal ions at attapulgite surfaces (010) modified by aminosilane agents were carried out. Both the PMF value and diffusion coefficient of metal ions suggest that KH‐103‐ATP owns the highest rate constant and capacity compared with the other two. And the analysis of free energy and results of XPS characterization revealed that Pb2+ formed covalent bonds with the nitrogen atom of aminosilane agents.
The effect of oral nutritional supplement on muscle fitness of patients undergoing dialysis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lu Yue , Wang Yu‐jie , Lu Qian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo summarize evidence regarding the effects of oral nutritional supplement on muscle fitness of patients undergoing dialysis.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Review sourcesFive English databases (CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, CINHAL, and Web of Science) and four Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang, SinoMed, and VIP) were searched from inception to 31 July 2019 and only randomized controlled trials were included.Review methodsTwo reviewers independently searched these databases, selected trials, conducted bias assessment, extracted the data. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the effect size. The predetermined subgroup included type of oral nutritional supplement (a mixture of macronutrients, whey protein, essential amino‐acids, and other nutrients) and intervention duration (over and less than 48 weeks). The subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore source of heterogeneity and robustness of results.ResultsSixteen studies (910 participants) meeting the inclusion criteria were identified and included in this systematic review. Subgroup analysis showed that supplying a mixture of macronutrients (MD [MD] = 2.36 kg, 95% CI [0.45, 4.26], I2 = 0.00%), an intervention duration of 48 weeks (MD = 4.05 kg, 95% CI [1.43, 6.67], I2 = 0.00%) had some effects on increasing lean body mass. No effects of oral nutritional supplement were found on improving muscle strength or physical performance.ConclusionA mixture of macronutrients and an intervention duration as long as 48 weeks had some significant effects on improving lean body mass of patients undergoing dialysis. No effect of oral nutritional supplement on muscle strength or physical performance were found but with limited evidence.ImpactNo existing reviews have ever focused on improving muscle fitness of patients undergoing dialysis. This systematic review and meta‐analysis provided evidence of oral nutritional supplement on keeping muscle fitness of these patients and suggested possible type of oral nutritional supplement and intervention duration for clinical practice.
Distinguishing between dispersal and vicariance: A novel approach using anti‐tropical taxa across the fish Tree of Life
Authors: Ludt William B. , Myers Corinne E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
AimAnti‐tropical taxa are species split by the tropics into disjunct northern and southern populations. These distributions occur throughout the Tree of Life, but the mechanisms proposed to drive this pattern are debated and generally fit into two categories: dispersal and vicariance. Here, we quantitatively test the prevalence of dispersal and vicariance as plausible drivers of anti‐tropical marine distributions using intraspecific anti‐tropical marine fishes as a model system.LocationPrimarily Indo‐Pacific.TaxonMarine fishes.MethodsTo test between dispersal and vicariance in latitudinally disjunct marine fishes, we used an ecological niche modelling framework to predict the spatio‐temporal suitability of tropical habitats during contemporary and glacial time periods. Three different model configurations were used per species to test: (a) presence of contemporary tropical suitable habitat for northern populations, (b) the same for southern populations and (c) presence of tropical suitable habitat during the last glacial maximum for the entire species. These models were examined in an evolutionary context to determine if there was any phylogenetic signal in biogeographic predictions. Additionally, we tested if life history traits could account for biogeographic predictions.ResultsOur analyses resulted in 87 strongly supported models for 29 anti‐tropical fishes across the fish Tree of Life (northern population model, southern population model, and full species model for each taxon). Model projections consistently matched predictions of vicariance in 13 fishes and 10 fishes matched predictions of dispersal regardless of thresholding approach. We failed to find any phylogenetic signal for anti‐tropicality in general, or for dispersal and vicariant species specifically. Furthermore, dispersal and vicariant tendencies were not found to be correlated with life history traits.Main conclusionsThese data quantitatively support both dispersal and vicariance as active mechanisms driving disjunct distributions in marine systems and suggest that they occur stochastically across the fish Tree of Life. This novel approach for examining dispersal and vicariance hypotheses supports the species‐specific nature of biogeographic mechanisms structuring distributions, and that a “one‐size‐fits‐all” prediction for current and future species’ responses to environmental change is unlikely to be informative.
miR‐15a‐5p and miR‐21‐5p contribute to chemoresistance in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia by targeting PDCD4, ARL2 and BTG2
Authors: Vandewalle Virginie , Essaghir Ahmed , Bollaert Emeline , Lenglez Sandrine , Graux Carlos , Schoemans Hélène , Saussoy Pascale , Michaux Lucienne , Valk Peter J. M. , Demoulin Jean‐Baptiste , Havelange Violaine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCytarabine and daunorubicin are old drugs commonly used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Refractory or relapsed disease because of chemotherapy resistance is a major issue. microRNAs (miRNAs) were incriminated in resistance. This study aimed to identify miRNAs involved in chemoresistance in AML patients and to define their target genes. We focused on cytogenetically normal AML patients with wild‐type NPM1 without FLT3‐ITD as the treatment of this subset of patients with intermediate‐risk cytogenetics is not well established. We analysed baseline AML samples by small RNA sequencing and compared the profile of chemoresistant to chemosensitive AML patients. Among the miRNAs significantly overexpressed in chemoresistant patients, we revealed miR‐15a‐5p and miR‐21‐5p as miRNAs with a major role in chemoresistance in AML. We showed that miR‐15a‐5p and miR‐21‐5p overexpression decreased apoptosis induced by cytarabine and/or daunorubicin. PDCD4, ARL2 and BTG2 genes were found to be targeted by miR‐15a‐5p, as well as PDCD4 and BTG2 by miR‐21‐5p. Inhibition experiments of the three target genes reproduced the functional effect of both miRNAs on chemosensitivity. Our study demonstrates that miR‐15a‐5p and miR‐21‐5p are overexpressed in a subgroup of chemoresistant AML patients. Both miRNAs induce chemoresistance by targeting three pro‐apoptotic genes PDCD4, ARL2 and BTG2.
Encapsulation of Anguillicola crassus reduces the abundance of adult parasite stages in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla)
Authors: Bracamonte Seraina E. , Knopf Klaus , Monaghan Michael T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEncapsulation of the parasitic nematode Anguillicola crassus Kuwahara, Niimi & Hagaki is commonly observed in its native host, the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel). Encapsulation has also been described in a novel host, the European eel (A. anguilla L.), and there is evidence that encapsulation frequency has increased since the introduction of A. crassus. We examined whether encapsulation of A. crassus provides an advantage to its novel host in Lake Müggelsee, NE Germany. We provide the first evidence that encapsulation was associated with reduced abundance of adult A. crassus. This pattern was consistent in samples taken 3 months apart. There was no influence of infection on the expression of the two metabolic genes studied, but the number of capsules was negatively correlated with the expression of two mhc II genes of the adaptive immune response, suggesting a reduced activation. Interestingly, eels that encapsulated A. crassus had higher abundances of two native parasites compared with non‐encapsulating eels. We propose that the response of A. anguilla to infection by A. crassus may interfere with its reaction to other co‐occurring parasites.
High resolution three‐dimensional imaging and measurement of lung, heart, liver, and diaphragmatic development in the fetal rat based on micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT)
Authors: Markel Moritz , Ginzel Marco , Peukert Nicole , Schneider Hartmut , Haak Rainer , Mayer Steffi , Suttkus Anne , Lacher Martin , Kluth Dietrich , Gosemann Jan‐Hendrik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding of normal fetal organ development is crucial for the evaluation of the pathogenesis of congenital anomalies. Various techniques have been used to generate imaging of fetal rat organogenesis, such as histological dissection with 3‐dimensional reconstruction and scanning electron microscopy. However, these techniques did not imply quantitative measurements of developing organs (volumes, surface areas of organs). Furthermore, a partial or total destruction of the embryos prior to analysis was inevitable. Recently, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) has been established as a novel tool to investigate embryonic development in non‐dissected embryos of rodents. In this study, we used the micro‐CT technique to generate 4D datasets of rat embryos aged between embryonic day 15–22 and newborns. Lungs, hearts, diaphragms, and livers were digitally segmented in order to measure organ volumes and analyze organ development as well as generate high‐resolution 3D images. These data provide objective values compiling a 4D atlas of pulmonary, cardiac, diaphragmatic, and hepatic development in the fetal rat.
Tobacco smoking confers risk for severe COVID‐19 unexplainable by pulmonary imaging
Authors: Li J. , Long X. , Zhang Q. , Fang X. , Li N. , Fedorova B. , Hu S. , Li Jh. , Xiong N. , Lin Z. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 is a new pneumonia. It has been hypothesized that tobacco smoking history may increase severity of this disease in the patients once infected by the underlying coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 because smoking and COVID‐19 both cause lung damage. However, this hypothesis has not been tested.ObjectiveCurrent study was designed to focus on smoking history in patients with COVID‐19 and test this hypothesis that tobacco smoking history increases risk for severe COVID‐19 by damaging the lungs.Methods and resultsThis was a single‐site, retrospective case series study of clinical associations, between epidemiological findings and clinical manifestations, radiographical or laboratory results. In our well‐characterized cohort of 954 patients including 56 with tobacco smoking history, smoking history increased the risk for severe COVID‐19 with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.5 (95% CI: 3.1–9.9; P = 7.3 × 10−8). Meta‐analysis of ten cohorts for 2891 patients together obtained an OR of 2.5 (95% CI: 1.9–3.3; P < 0.00001). Semi‐quantitative analysis of lung images for each of five lobes revealed a significant difference in neither lung damage at first examination nor dynamics of the lung damage at different time‐points of examinations between the smoking and nonsmoking groups. No significant differences were found either in laboratory results including D‐dimer and C‐reactive protein levels except different covariances for density of the immune cells lymphocyte (P = 3.8 × 10−64) and neutrophil (P = 3.9 × 10−46).ConclusionTobacco smoking history increases the risk for great severity of COVID‐19 but this risk is achieved unlikely by affecting the lungs.
Management Research that Makes a Difference: Broadening the Meaning of Impact
Authors: Wickert Christopher , Post Corinne , Doh Jonathan P. , Prescott John E. , Prencipe Andrea 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe world is undergoing dramatic transformations. Many of the grand societal challenges we currently face underscore the need for scholarly research – including management studies – that can help us best sort out and solve them. Yet, management scholars struggle to produce concrete solutions or to communicate how their research can help to tackle these grand societal challenges. With this editorial, we want to help scholars seeking to ‘make a difference’ by broadening our understanding of what constitutes impactful research. We examine five forms of impact – scholarly, practical, societal, policy, and educational – outlining how scholars can systematically extend or enlarge their research agenda or projects to amplify their impact on the challenges societies face. We suggest that each of these forms of impact has intrinsic value in advancing the scientific enterprise and, together, can help to address key societal problems that reach beyond the immediate and traditional context of business management. With concrete suggestions for getting started on these forms of impact, and possible outputs for each, we hope to stimulate management and organization scholars to think more broadly about the opportunities for making an impact with their research and to begin doing so more often.
Quantification of Fetal Gyrogenesis in the Third Trimester. A Novel Algorithm for Evaluating Fetal Sulci Development
Authors: Ginsberg Yuval , Ganor‐Ariav Oryan , Hussein Hadeel , Adam Dan , Khatib Nizar , Weiner Zeev , Beloosesky Ron , Goldstein Israel 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe fetal brain changes significantly throughout gestation. From a smooth (lissencephalic) cortex, it transforms into its convolved (gyrencephalic) state. Despite its importance, the diagnosis of delay in brain gyrogenesis is a challenge for many sonographers. This study presents a novel semiautomatic image processing algorithm for simple quantification of sagittal sulci maturation in the third trimester.METHODSMid‐sagittal fetal brain ultrasound images were obtained during routine third trimester scans. Fetal brain sulci length measurements were performed using a novel semiautomatic image processing algorithm followed by manual measurements. Correlations between the total length of the sulci, gestational age, and fetal biometry were examined.RESULTSThe study included 64 patients. A significant positive linear correlation was found between total sulci length and gestational age (r = .658 for automated measurement, r = .7 for manual measurement, P < .0001). A similar relationship was found comparing total sulci length and fetal head circumference (r = .694 for automated measurement, r = .74 for manual measurement; P < .0001). A significant correlation was observed between automated and manual measurements (r = .947).CONCLUSIONSWe found that fetal gyrogenesis is linear throughout the third trimester of pregnancy. The use of a computer algorithm to measure fetal sulci can be used as a simple prenatal screening test for delayed gyral maturation of the fetal brain.
A Digital Method to Fabricate the Ocular Portion of An Orbital Prosthesis with A Smartphone Camera, Color Calibration and Digital Printing
Authors: Jauregui Ulloa Jaccare , Salazar‐Gamarra Rodrigo , Mesquita Alfredo Mikail M. , Aguirre Felipe , Dib Luciano Lauria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConventional techniques described in the literature for the manufacture of ocular prostheses are time‐consuming since they involve manual work. The use of technologies could improve this laborious process, providing better esthetic outcomes. This technique describes how to manufacture the ocular portion of an orbital prosthesis using a smartphone camera, color calibration with a tooth shade guide, and digital printing. This method allows clinicians to fabricate customized ocular prosthesis by using a photograph of the patient's eye, thus eliminating the need for hand‐painting and manual work, and reducing fabrication time.
A short training as an enhancer of sensory ability: The case of red wine consumers
Authors: Veríssimo Caio Monteiro , de Macêdo Morais Samara , de Andrade Lima Luciana Leite , Pereira Giuliano Elias , Maciel Maria Inês Sucupira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe need for rapid and low‐cost methods has made consumer‐based methodologies, such as check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA), a reality in sensory science instead of the traditional tools, namely, descriptive analysis (DA). This research investigated how training, even short and simple, and reduction of panel size may affect the consumers evaluation of tropical red wines (Vitis vinifera L.). To achieve this goal, nine samples were characterized by DA with trained assessors (n = 8), CATA with consumers (n = 100) and CATA with semi‐trained panelists (n = 30). The results were compared in terms of configuration and sample discrimination similarities between methodologies. DA and CATA with semi‐trained panelists provided the highest capacity of discrimination and the highest index of similarity for aged samples (95%). The two‐hour training period, as well as previous experience with the methodology and products, had a positive effect in reducing the panel size and on the discrimination and characterization of samples, presenting itself as a valuable tool when time‐ and cost‐efficient sensory profiling is needed.Practical ApplicationsFor decades, consumers were considered only capable of hedonic judgments, however with the development of sensory science and new consumer market dynamics, alternative methods could be studied, providing not only reliable data, but also an accessible language and an easy application. Thus, this study focused on the evaluation of the effect of a short training on the characterization of red wines by consumers, showing that with this step it was possible to reduce 70% of the consumer panel size and to improve 30% in the descriptive power of the samples, in addition to reduce inconsistencies in the responses, using a rapid, low‐cost and easy to apply method.