bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Health Insurance Coverage in China
Authors: Zhou Mei , Zhao Shaoyang , Zhao Zhi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: China initiated a reform of the health insurance system in the late 1990s. The new insurance, urban Employee basic medical insurance (UEBMI), is employment-based, which makes it more difficult than it used to be for those unemployed or informal employed (most of whom are women) to be covered by health insurance. Methods: based on three large sample of micro datasets, we first use statistical methods to identify gender differences in health insurance. Next, we construct a logistic regression model to capture the differences in insurance coverage across age groups using the parameter of interaction terms for gender and age groups.Results: Based on data from a demographic survey that covers a large sample, we find that in the below 50 (in 2005) or 60 (in 2015) years age group, the coverage gap of UEBMI between men and women was relatively smaller, while a larger disparity existed in the above 50 (in 2005) or 60 (in 2015) group. Moreover, gender differences in health insurance were more significant in the low-education group, while no gender differences were found in the high-education group.Conclusions: This paper explains the gender gap in health insurance and the reason for the wider gap among older people. Our study indicates that because the UEBMI in China mainly covers people with formal jobs, a lower labor participation rate (even much lower in formal jobs) of women has led to their greater difficulty in obtaining health insurance. Since the older women’s greater difficulty in obtaining jobs or susceptibility to lay-offs during the period of the UEBMI’s implementation, the possibility of being covered was even much lower. In fact, it was because of the combined effects of the UEBMI system and the labor market condition at that time that older women had a lower proportion of being covered under the UEBMI.
Personalized single-cell networks: a framework to predict the response of any gene to any drug for any patient
Authors: HARIKUMAR HARIPRIYA , Quinn Thomas P , Rana Santu , Gupta Sunil , Venkatesh Svetha 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The last decade has seen a major increase in the availability of genomic data. This includes expert-curated databases that describe the biological activity of genes, as well as high-throughput assays that measure gene expression in bulk tissue and single cells. Integrating these heterogeneous data sources can generate new hypotheses about biological systems. Our primary objective is to combine population-level drug-response data with patient-level single-cell expression data to predict how any gene will respond to any drug for any patient.Methods: We take 2 approaches to benchmarking a “dual-channel” random walk with restart (RWR) for data integration. First, we evaluate how well RWR can predict known gene functions from single-cell gene co-expression networks. Second, we evaluate how well RWR can predict known drug responses from individual cell networks. We then present two exploratory applications. In the first application, we combine the Gene Ontology database with glioblastoma single cells from 5 individual patients to identify genes whose functions differ between cancers. In the second application, we combine the LINCS drug-response database with the same glioblastoma data to identify genes that may exhibit patient-specific drug responses.Conclusions: Our manuscript introduces two innovations to the integration of heterogeneous biological data. First, we use a “dual-channel” method to predict up-regulation and down-regulation separately. Second, we use individualized single-cell gene co-expression networks to make personalized predictions. These innovations let us predict gene function and drug response for individual patients. Taken together, our work shows promise that single-cell co-expression data could be combined in heterogeneous information networks to facilitate precision medicine.
Construction of a bivalent vaccine against anthrax and smallpox using the attenuated vaccinia virus KVAC103
Authors: Park Deok Bum , Ahn Bo-Eun , Son Ho Sun , Lee Young-Ran , Kim Yu-Ri , Jo Su Kyoung , Chun Jeong-Hoon , Yu Jae-Yon , Choi Myung-Min , Rhie Gi-eun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Anthrax and smallpox are high-risk infectious diseases, and considered as potential agents for bioterrorism. To develop an effective countermeasure for these diseases, we constructed a bivalent vaccine against both anthrax and smallpox by integrating a gene encoding protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis to the genome of the attenuated vaccinia virus strain, KVAC103.Results: Immunization with this bivalent vaccine induced antibodies against both PA and vaccinia virus in a mouse model. We also observed that the efficacy of this vaccine can be enhanced by combined immunization with immunoadjuvant-expressing KVAC103. Mouse groups co-immunized with PA-expressing KVAC103 and either interleukin-15 (IL-15) or cholera toxin subunit A (CTA1)-expressing KVAC103 showed increased anti-PA IgG titer and survival rate against B. anthracis spore challenge compared to the group immunized with PA-expressing KVAC103 alone.Conclusions: We demonstrated that the attenuated smallpox vaccine KVAC103 is an available platform for a multivalent vaccine and co-immunization of immunoadjuvants can improve vaccine performance.
Etika komunikasi dakwah: Studi terhadap video kajian Ustaz Abdul Somad tentang K-Pop dan Salib
Authors: Rosyada Amrina 
Published: December 2020

<p>Ustaz Abdul Somad kembali menjadi sorotan khalayak karena dakwahnya yang kontroversial. Pada akhir Agustus 2019, video ceramah Ustaz Abdul Somad yang diunggah pada tahun 2016 yang berjudul “Hukum Melihat Salib” sempat viral di media sosial karena dianggap mengandung unsur Suku, Agama, Ras, dan Antargolongan (SARA). Video pendek yang berisi jawaban Ustaz Abdul Somad atas pertanyaan jamaah, mengandung konten yang menyinggung tentang salib sehingga menimbulkan respon negatif dari umat nonmuslim. Selain itu, ada video ceramah lain yang berjudul “Hukum Menonton Film Korea” yang juga menimbulkan respon negative bagi para penggemar KPop atau KPopers. Tulisan ini fokus pada bagaimana etika komunikasi dakwah Ustaz Abdul Somad yang dibangun berdasarkan perspektif Al Quran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif. Subjek penelitiannya adalah dua video ceramah Ustaz Abdul Somad yang berjudul “Hukum menonton Film Korea” dan “Hukum Melihat Salib”. Sementara objek penelitian ini ialah retorika Ustaz Abdul Somad dalam video-video tersebut. Hasilnya, ceramah dalam kedua video tersebut mengandung prinsip etika komunikasi dalam Al Quran, dengan catatan ceramah tersebut dilakukan pada kelompok terbatas. Etika Al Quran yang dimaksud adalah prinsip bicara tegas dan jujur. Namun, jika dalam konteks media sosial yang bersifat general atau umum, maka pesan dakwahnya tidak sesuai dengan salah satu kode etik dakwah serta dinilai tidak efektif.</p><p> </p><p><em>Ustaz Abdul Somad returned to the media spotlight because of his preaching that triggered a negative response by other groups. At the end of August 2019, Ustaz Abdul Somad's video lecture uploaded in 2016 entitled "Hukum Melihat Salib" was viral on social media because it was considered to contain SARA elements. In the video footage, there is content that is offensive about the cross, giving rise to negative responses from non-Muslim communities. In addition, the lecture video entitled "Hukum Menonton Film Korea" also caused a negative response for KPopers. Therefore, this paper focuses on how the ethics of Ustaz Abdul Somad's missionary communication are built on the perspective of the Qur'an. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. His research subjects used Ustaz Abdul Somad's video lecture entitled "Hukum Menonton Film Korea" and "Hukum Melihat Salib". While the object of this research is the rhetoric of Ustad Abdul Somad in the videos. As a result, both videos contain ethical principles of communication in the Koran, if the lecture is aimed at a particular group. Unlike the case in social media that is universal (anyone, anytime and anywhere can be accessed), then the message of preaching is not </em><em>following</em><em> </em><em>one of the preaching code of ethics and has not been effective. </em></p>
Social media utilization in Covid-19 epoch: Virtual da’wah-ramadan lectures in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Sule Muhammad Maga 
Published: December 2020

<p>Social media have become part of the individual and public lifestyles of Muslims globally. The paper examined the utilization of social media platform such as Facebook and YouTube as an available option to conduct Virtual Da’wah Ramadan lectures on the commentary of the Glorious Qur’an and Ta’aleem in Northern Nigeria and this was done with the sampled of scholars from the three zones in Northern Nigeria, i.e. North-West, North-Central and North-East. The paper adopts the use of secondary data as method of data collection where In-depth survey of the various pages/channels on social media and participant observation to obtain data. The researchers purposively sampled nine scholars for the study and survey was carried out on their various social media pages/channels to ascertain their level of utilization of the technology during the COVID-19 period to teach their followers with the restriction of movement and gathering in places of worship in Nigeria. Some of the findings of the study revealed that the sampled Muslims scholars finds it convenient to present live programme of their teachings virtually and post video and audio of their Virtual Da’wah Ramadan lectures on the commentary of the Glorious Qur’an and Ta’aleem social media. The research paper concludes Muslim scholars to continue with the utilization of the social media platforms even after the Ramadan and Post-COVID-19 pandemic in carrying out their day to day virtual teachings so that other audience who are not close to their Masjid will benefit from their lectures on the various teachings of Islam.</p>
Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of the adsorbent Bayoxide E33 in removing micropollutants from water
Authors: Lukášová D. , Biela R. , Gottwald M. , Konečný J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Micropollutants in the environment are still a topical issue in the field of water management at present. Since micropollutants in water can be harmful not only to the environment but also to humans, new technologies are constantly being tested to eliminate them. Standard treatment technologies for removing micropollutants from water include adsorption, advanced oxidation processes and membrane processes. For the experimental determination of the efficiency of the adsorbent Bayoxide E33, selected micropollutants were removed by adsorption. Micro-pollution removal efficiency was compared in removing three micropollutants, namely a metal, pharmaceutical and pesticide. The removal of the metal through the Bayoxide E33 material was successful, while the pharmaceutical and pesticide were not removed because of the occurrence of slight desorption during removal.
Synthesis of Acid Free Benzaldehyde by Highly Selective Oxidation of
Benzyl Alcohol Over Recyclable Supported Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Antony Annam Renita , Salla Sunitha , Duraikannu Shanthana Lakshmi 
Published: December 2020

Aim and Objectives:
This research work deals with the highly selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to
benzaldehyde by palladium doped graphene oxide catalyst which was synthesized by a modified Hummer’s method. The
effect of reaction parameters like temperature, time and catalyst loading were studied. It was found that fine tuning of
reaction temperature and presence of small amount of benzyl alcohol in product prevents undesirable formation of benzoic
acid crystals which forms on auto oxidation of benzaldehyde. Benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acid formation was
hindered by the presence of < 2% benzyl alcohol at a reaction temperature of 50˚C which was further supported by
palladium doped graphene oxide catalyst.

Materials and Methods:
Modified Hummer’s method was used for the synthesis of graphene oxide and palladium doped
graphene oxide was synthesized by insitu method in which graphene oxide dispersed in 20mL of distilled water was
ultrasonicated for 2h. Palladium solution was added and it was further ultrasonicated for 30min for homogeneous deposition
of palladium on graphene oxide support. To this, 2 mL of sodium borohydride solution was added and stirred at room
temperature for 4h. The resulting solution was centrifuged and the residue was dried at 60°C for 12 h.

Results:
The morphological characteristics and the functional groups of supported catalyst were characterized by X-ray
diffraction, Field emission scanning spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the produced benzaldehyde
was characterized by gas chromatography.

Conclusion:
PdGO catalyst was prepared using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent by modified Hummer’s method and
utilized for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. A maximum conversion of 89% and selectivity of 99% was
obtained and the catalyst could be reused upto five times without any compromise on conversion and selectivity.
A Quality by Design Approach of Metronidazole Bigel and Assessment of Antimicrobial Study Utilizing Box-behnken Design
Authors: Roy Harekrishna , Maddela Sudhir , Munagala Alekhya , Rahaman Shaik Abdul , Nandi Sisir 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
The present investigation aimed to prepare metronidazole (MTZ) topical bigel for the effective
delivery of MTZ and to study the effect of used variables as per statistical design. The study also signifies the
implementation of the statistical method using the Quality by Design technique for MTZ bigel.

Methods:
The MTZ bigels were prepared as per the runs suggested by Box Behnken design (BBD)
using statistical software. A total of 28 runs were suggested by the BBD, considering sodium
carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC), guar gum, hydrogel and RPM as independent variables. The
prepared bigels were evaluated for organoleptic properties, percentage drug content, spreadability,
viscosity, percentage in-vitro drug release, and antimicrobial efficacy. Model selectivity was
ascertained by p-value considering responses along with predicted R2 and adjusted R2 values.The
fitting of model was ascertained by F-value as well as “lack of fit” was carried out to find out the
suitability of the experimental design. Furthermore, the characteristic distribution of data was
ascertained by the “normal plot of residual” method. The compatibility of MTZ and excipients in
bigels was confirmed by FTIR and the crystalline nature of MTZ in formulations was studied by
DSC and XRD studies. Furthermore, the dispersion of bigel was assessed by the SEM study.

Results:
The effect of independent variables on spreadability (mm), viscosity (cp), pH, drug
release in 6 hours (%)and drug content (%) was evaluated. The optimized formulation was selected
and evaluated by a polynomial equation while considering the p-value. These variables showed a
significant effect on responses. A less significant difference was observed (6.37, 14463, 6.97, 86.29,
and 67.47, respectively, for spreadability, viscosity, pH, and percentage drug release and % drug
content) between the observed and predicted values indicating the model’s suitability. The prepared
bigels were found to be compatible and globules uniformly dispersed throughout the bigel.

Conclusion:
The 3D response surface design ascertained the optimal MTZ bigel at 1.25g of
NaCMC, 0.5g of guargum, 37.5g hydrogel, and 1000 RPM. The selected bigel showed good
antimicrobial efficacy against S. Aureus and may be considered an effective delivery vehicle for
MTZ.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Neurotoxicity
Authors: Zhao Zhiyi , Zhang Chunlin , Zhou Lian , Dong Pan , Shi Lei 
Published: December 2020

:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently been used as a promising treatment
for cancer, while their toxicity and immune-related side effects can be seen in any organ, including
the nervous system. In contrast to other immune-related adverse events (irAEs), neurological irAEs
(nAEs) are rare, with varying incidence and symptom complexity. Although nAEs are uncommon,
they can sometimes be severe and even lead to death. However, little attention has been paid to
nAEs, and the literature is mostly clinical reports with only a few cases. We, therefore, conducted
the present review with the aim of providing a comprehensive introduction of nAEs. In this review,
we summarized various nAEs, including meningitis, encephalitis, and hypophysitis in the central
nervous system, and myositis, myasthenia gravis, and peripheral neuropathies in the peripheral
system. We also reviewed the current diagnosis and treatment methods for nAEs commonly used in
clinical practice. In addition, we discussed potential mechanisms regarding nAEs and proposed the
possible approaches to prevent the risk of nAEs in patients treated with ICIs. There is still a lot to
learn, such as whether and why patients with nAEs respond better to ICI-therapy. The mechanisms
and significance of nAEs need to be fully clarified to address these issues and optimize the treatment
strategy.
Contactless Core-temperature Monitoring by Infrared Thermal Sensor using Mean Absolute Error Analysis
Authors: Malallah Fahad Layth , Shareef Baraa T. , Saeed Mustafah Ghanem , Yasen Khaled N. 
Published: December 2020

Aims and Objectives:
Usually, the increase in temperature of an individual indicates the
possibility of being infected with a disease that might be risky to other people, such as coronavirus.
Traditional techniques for monitoring body core-temperature require body contact either by oral,
rectum, axillary, or tympanic means, which are unfortunately considered intrusive in nature as well
as causes of contagion. Therefore, sensing human core-temperature non-intrusively and remotely is
the objective of this research.

Background:
Nowadays, increasing the level of medical sectors is a necessary target for research
operations, especially the development of integrated circuits, sensors, and cameras, to make life
easier.

Methods:
The solution is proposed as an embedded system consisting of the Arduino microcontroller,
which is trained with a model of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) analysis for predicting Contactless
Core-Temperature (CCT), which is the actual body temperature.

Results:
The Arduino microcontroller was connected to an Infrared-Thermal sensor named
MLX90614 as an input signal and was connected to the LCD to display the CCT. To evaluate the
proposed system, experiments were conducted on 31 subjects, and contactless temperature from the
three face sub-regions was sensed, including forehead, nose, and cheek.

Conclusion:
Experimental results demonstrated that CCT could be measured remotely from the
human face, including three face sub-regions, among which the forehead region should be preferred
(a smallest error rate of 2.3%), rather than nose and cheek regions (2.6 % and 3.2% error
rate, respectively) for CCT measurement due to the lowest error rates achieved.
Intrathecal Administration of Melatonin Ameliorates the Neuroinflammation- Mediated Sensory and Motor Dysfunction in A Rat Model of Compression Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Fakhri Sajad , Kiani Amir , Jalili Cyrus , Abbaszadeh Fatemeh , Piri Sana , Farzaei Mohammad H. , Rastegari-Pouyani Mohsen , Mohammadi-Noori Ehsan , Khan Haroon 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Spinal cord injury (SCI), often characterized by sensory-motor dysfunction,
is a major debilitating disorder of the central nervous system. As no useful treatment for post-
SCI complications has been approved thus far, finding novel treatments is of great importance.

Objective:
Considering the promising effects of melatonin (MEL) against destructive mechanisms
in other models of brain damage, in the current study, we evaluated its ameliorative effects on sensory-
motor outcomes, inflammatory mediators, histological changes and other post-SCI complications.

Methods:
Rats in SCI and MEL groups underwent laminectomy followed by a severe compression
injury by an aneurysm clip. Then, intrathecal treatment with vehicle (5% dimethyl sulfoxide) or
MEL was carried out post-injury. Acetone drop, von Frey, inclined plane, and BBB tests as well as
weight changes and auricle temperature, were used to evaluate the neuropathic pain, motor function,
and other post-SCI complications. The effects of MEL on the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9
were assessed using the gelatin zymography method every week till day 28 post-SCI. Histopathological
assessments were performed on days 14, 21, and 28.

Results:
MEL treatment resulted in decreased motor dysfunction, mechanical and cold allodynia,
auricle temperature, and also ameliorated weight loss. Moreover, MEL suppressed MMP-9 activity
while increasing that of MMP-2 post-SCI, indicating its anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Also,
MEL significantly preserved white matter myelinated areas and the number of sensory neurons
post-SCI.

Conclusion:
The results suggest MEL as a promising candidate for medical therapies with advantageous
effects on improving functional recovery through suppressing inflammatory mediators, and
attenuating spinal tissue damages.