bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIO-NANOPARTICLES: GREEN SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES AND ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION
Authors: PERTIWI RATIH DYAH , SUWALDI  , SETYOWATI ERNA PRAWITA , MARTIEN RONNY 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The design like bio-nano particles are beneficial over chemical and physical composition due to the eco-friendly and lower-cost synthesis of nanoparticles. The current study was purposed for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and their antioxidant evaluation.
Methods: Aqua extract of Muntingia calabura, Linn was applied for the synthesis of GNPs and confirmed by UV visible and ATR-Fourier Transform Infra-Red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Transmission Electron Microscope and Particle Size Analyser were used for the shape zeta potential and determination of size. Antioxidant activity was examined by DPPH (1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging method.
Results: The result showed that UV–vis absorption spectra of H Au Cl4 at 290 nm while absorption spectra of biosynthesis gold nanoparticles at 540 nm. The forming of nanoparticles were spherical, having an average particle size of 88 nm, and the result of zeta potential was 9.5 mV. Analysis of ATR-FTIR revealed the possible involvement of phytochemical constituents in gold nanoparticles of aqua extract. Green synthesized nanoparticles showed enhanced antioxidant properties.
Conclusion: Green synthesized GNPs showed enhanced biological activities. Present results also support the benefit of using the biosynthesis method for the production of gold nanoparticles that have the potential of antioxidant and biology activities.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF EFFERVESCENT GRANULES OF IBUPROFEN
Authors: AL-MOUSAWY JINAN , AL-HUSSAINY ZAHRAA , ALAAYEDI MARYAM 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The object of this investigation was to formulate and evaluate effervescent granules of ibuprofen, to increase its dissolution rate to get rapid analgesic and antipyretic effects.
Methods: Five formulas (F1-F5) of effervescent ibuprofen granules were formulated by the wet granulation method. Croscarmellose sodium, powder of banana and other ingredients were used in the formulation of effervescent granules. Evaluation studies were carried out for all five formulas, these include: (compatibility study, flowability study, % of drug content, effervescent time and in vitro dissolution study).
Results: The results show that the formulated granules have good flow properties with suitable bulk density for the uniting dose. FTIR study shows that there is no drug interaction with other ingredients in the formula. All five formulas have effervescent time less than 3 min, F5 show the best drug release 99.1±1 and effervescent time about 80 sec.
Conclusion: Ibuprofen was successfully formulated and evaluated as effervescent granules by using a combination of croscarmellose sodium and banana powder.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LYCOPENE LOADED COLLOIDAL MICROPARTICLES GEL
Authors: BANSAL MONISHA , WALIA MANPREET KAUR , SINGH GURFATEH , HARIKUMAR S. L. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of the present investigation was to design and evaluate a gel containing lycopene loaded colloidal microparticles.
Methods: The lycopene loaded colloidal microparticles were successfully prepared by Cloud point technique to form colloids using Tween 40 and Tween 60 surfactant solution and then incorporated into microparticles by solvent evaporation method using polymer like HPMC and ethyl cellulose. These colloidal microparticles were evaluated for particle size (PS), drug loading (DL), entrapment efficiency (EE), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Further, these colloidal microparticles were incorporated into a topical formulation i.e., gel. This topical formulation was then evaluated for macroscopic examination, viscosity, drug content, spreadability, antioxidant activity, in vitro permeation and release kinetics.
Results: Colloidal microparticles were successfully prepared and the particle size, drug loading and entrapment efficiency were found to be 249.45±14.2 μm, 49.8±0.96 % and 93.4±0.26 % respectively. FTIR study depicted no chemical interaction between pure drug lycopene and other excipients. The topical formulation showed sustained release and followed Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics model.
Conclusion: The sustained release topical formulation of lycopene was successfully prepared using Tween 40 and Tween 60 surfactant solution and combination of HPMC and ethyl cellulose and evaluated for several parameters.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF LORATADINE
Authors: SAPAVATU SRINU NAIK , JADI RAJENDRA KUMAR 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The main objective of the research work is to develop a single unit non-effervescent drug delivery system of Loratadine (LTD) by direct compression process to prolong the gastric residence time (GRT).
Methods: LTD non-effervescent tablets were prepared with different polymers like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K15M, HPMC K100M (i.e.: 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) as release retardants. Glyceryl behenate (Compritol 888 ATO) and Glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol ATO 5) were used (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) as low-density lipids to impart buoyancy for longer period.
Results: The drug (LTD) and excipient (i.e. HPMC, low-density lipid aids, etc.,) interaction studies were carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and there was no likely interaction involving them. The developed LTD floating matrix tablets were characterized by pre and post-compression parameters and all results were, found within the pharmacopoeial limits. The cumulative percentage of drug release ranges from 56.87±0.25 % (F12) to 99.87±0.09 % (F2). The drug release profiles of the all formulations (F1 to F12) were subjected to various pharmacokinetic parameters and the optimized formulation (F3) followed the Korsmeyer Peppas (R2=0.996) model with non-Fickian diffusion (n>0.5). The obtained data by radiographic images of F3 formulation showed the GRT is 6±0.5 h (n=3).
Conclusion: Hence, from all evaluation studies, it was evident that F3 formulation was optimized (99.82±1.63 % drug release in 12 h).
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM AND PITAVASTATIN CALCIUM THROUGH ION-PAIR COMPLEX FORMATION USING ACID DYES IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS AND HUMAN URINE SAMPLES
Authors: S. NIRANJANI , K. VENKATACHALAM 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The main objective was to develop simple, cost-effective, rapid and selective spectrophotometric methods for the determination of atorvastatin calcium and pitavastatin calcium in pure and pharmaceutical formulations using acid dyes like bromothymol blue, bromocresol purple and bromocresol green and also in human urine samples.
Methods: The developed methods were based on the formation of ion-pair complexes between statin drugs and acid dyes after studying the optimization conditions. The association constants of the developed ion-pair complexes were evaluated using Benesi–Hildebrand equation. The methods were validated according to ICH guidelines.
Results: The formed ion-pair complexes showed maximum absorbance which was measured at 637 nm for both methods A and D, 601 nm, 606 nm for methods B and E and 631 nm for both methods C and F respectively with correlation coefficients 0.999. The analytical parameters and their effects in the developed methods were investigated. The ion-pair complexes were stable up to 24 h and showed good linearity. The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, detection, and quantification limits were also calculated. The stoichiometry ratio in all the cases was 1:2 by using Job’s method of continuous variation. The recovery studies again showed good results because co-formulated substances did not interfere for the determination of ATC and PTC in the developed methods.
Conclusion: The developed methods were applicable for routine quality control analysis of ATC and PTC in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Good results were obtained when the developed methods were applied in healthy human urine samples.
SELECTED EXCIPIENTS IN ORAL SOLID DOSAGE FORM WITH DRY EXTRACT OF PYROLA ROTUNDIFOLIA L.
Authors: DARZULI NATALIA , BUDNIAK LILIIA , HROSHOVYI TARAS 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study was to select excipients in an oral solid dosage form with a dry extract of round-leaved wintergreen (Pyrola rotundifolia L.) by using asymmetric, rotatable composite plan of the second-order (uniform plan No. 17).
Methods: The tablets were prepared by using a direct compression method. The most important pharmaceutical factors selected were considered in more details at developing the optimal composition and technology of the studied tablets of the round-leaved wintergreen extract. Each one was studied at five levels using asymmetric, rotatable composite plan of the second order.
Results: Increasing amounts of PROSOLV® EASYtab SP and croscarmellose sodium in the powder mass, its flowability decreases, and increasing amounts of Tablettose® 80 improves flowability. Increasing the amount of Tablettose® 80 in the tablets composition leads to improved uniformity. The strength of the tablets increased with increasing amounts of Neusilin® US 2 at different combinations of levels of the other three factors. When studying the effect of the amounts of croscarmellose sodium on the disintegration of tablets, it was found that the best disintegration values were obtained in the study of croscarmellose sodium at the upper level.
Conclusion: Oral solid dosage form with dry extract of round-leaved wintergreen was successfully prepared by the direct compression method. The optimal composition of tablets was determined by the regression analysis.
DETERMINATION OF MEFENAMIC ACID IN A TOPICAL EMULGEL BY A VALIDATED HPLC METHOD
Authors: ATIPAIRIN APICHART , SAWATDEE SOMCHAI 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The present study is aimed to develop and validate a simple, precise and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, according to ASEAN guideline for the validation of the analytical procedure, for the determination of mefenamic acid in a topical emulgel preparation.
Methods: An emulgel of 1 % mefenamic acid was prepared using carbopol 940 as a gelling agent and cremophor EL as an emulsifying agent. It was diluted with ethanol to make a sample concentration of 200 mg/ml. The method used a C18 column (5 µm; 250 x 4.6 mm) with the mobile phase, consisting of acetonitrile, acetic acid, and water in a ratio of 75:1:24. The column was maintained at 25 °C. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and the injection volume was 10 ml. The peak response was monitored by UV at 282 nm. It was validated for specificity, range, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). In addition, forced degradation (hydrolysis, oxidation and dry heat) was performed to determine the capability of the proposed method to analyze the chemical stability of the drug samples during storage.
Results: The method was specific to the drug while other excipients did not interfere with the quantitation of mefenamic acid. It was linear in the concentration range of 1.29 to 806 mg/ml. LOD and LOQ were 4.88 and 14.78 mg/ml, respectively. Accuracy of the method was demonstrated by recovery experiments on the synthetic mixture method and the mean percent recovery was 101.10±1.56. Repeatability and intermediate precision were rugged with %RSD values of 1.30 and 1.07, respectively. The method could separate mefenamic acid from other degradation products of forced degradation.
Conclusion: The HPLC method presented herein is simple, accurate, sensitive and reproducible for the determination of mefenamic acid in an emulgel. It is served as a stability-indicating method and can be used for the analysis of the drug during product development and stability studies.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION AND PREPARATIVE ISOLATION OF TWO MAJOR ALKALOIDS FROM THE VIETNAMESE MEDICINAL HERB EVODIAE FRUCTUS
Authors: NGUYEN N. VAN T. , NGUYEN X. DAO T. , NGUYEN K. NGAN H. , NGUYEN T. KIEN , NGUYEN M. PHUONG , KIM KYEONG-HO 
Published: November 2019

Objective: To develop a simple and accurate HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination, the content of major components: limonin, evodiamine, and rutaecarpine in Evodiae fructus and evaluation the quality of Evodiae fructus sold in markets.
Methods: Open column chromatography was used to separate and purify rutaecarpine and evodiamine, the two major alkaloids from Evodiae fructus extract as a laboratory standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Germini C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm I.D., 5 µm), detected at 210 nm. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A), methanol (B), and water (C). The validated method simultaneously determined alkaloid content in 40 batches of samples collected from markets in different regions of Vietnam.
Results: In one-step purification, our method yielded 326 mg of rutaecarpine and 128 mg of evodiamine from 3.2 g of crude extract, with purities of 98.9 and 98.5%, respectively. The structures of these compounds were identified using 1H NMR and 13C NMR. There was a significant correlation between alkaloid content and fruit size, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of>0.5 (p<0.001), and there was a large difference in alkaloid contents between three maturity degrees of the fruit. Open-mouth fruits and fruits with average sizes of 4 to 6 mm had the highest alkaloid contents, whereas closed-mouth fruits had the lowest.
Conclusion: This study provided information on the standardization and quality control of evodiamine and rutaecarpine in Evodiae fructus, as well as a foundation for further pharmacological and toxicological studies.
A ORTOPEDIA FUNCIONAL COMO POSSIBILIDADE TERAPÊUTICA PARA TRATAMENTO DA MALOCLUSÃO NA DOENÇA FALCIFORME
Authors: Ladeira Casado Priscila 
Published: November 2019

Palavras-chave: Anemia falciforme; Ortopedia funcional; Odontologia; Maloclusão. Key Words: Sickle cell; Functional orthopedics; Dentistry; Malocclusion.
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa melalui Tugas Problem Posing Materi SPLDV Siswa MTs
Authors: Setianti Mela , Mirayanti Mirayanti , Agustin Nur Afriani , Solihat Solihat , Sari Veny Triyana Andika 
Published: November 2019

Kemampuan matematis adalah kemampuan untuk menghadapi permasalahan, baik dalam matematika maupun kehidupan nyata. Kemampuan matematis terdiri dari Penalaran matematis, komunikasi matematis, pemecahan masalah, pemahaman konsep, pemahaman matematis, berpikir kreatif dan berpikir kritis. Dalam aspek pemecahan masalah matematika diperlukan pemikiran-pemikiran kreatif dalam merumuskan dan menyelesaikan model atau perencanaan pemecahan masalah. Salah satu materi yang dapat mendorong siswa untuk berpikir kreatif yaitu SPLDV, siswa dituntut untuk menuangkan ide-ide kreatifnya, karena penyelesaian soal SPLDV banyak cara metode yang dapat digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis terhadap siswa MTs Kelas VIII melalui tugas Problem Posing pada materi SPLDV. Sedangkan yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 6 orang siswa yang terdiri dari 2 orang siswa berkemampuan tinggi, 2 orang siswa berkemampuan sedang, dan 2 orang berkemampuan rendah. Segala sesuatu yang akan diukur diantaranya tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis yang berdasarkan indikator-indikatornya sebanyak 5 soal berbentuk essay. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data diperoleh pola Persentase penyelesaian masalah seluruh subjek penelitian tiap indikator kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematik yaitu : (1) kelancaran (Fluency) 64,63% ; (2) Kelenturan (Flexibility) 44,20% ; (3) Keaslian/ orisinalitas (Originality) 48,58% ; (4) Elaborasi (Elaboration) 62,50%.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIK SISWA SMP MELALUI PENDEKATAN PENEMUAN TERBIMBING
Authors: Hermawan Amalia Septiani , Hidayat Wahyu 
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kemampuan penalaran matematik siswa SMP yang masih sangat rendah. Pentingnya kemampuan tersebut karena merupakan salah satu tujuan dalam pembelajaran matematika. salah satu alternatif pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematik siswa adalah pembelajaran yang menggunakan pendekatan penemuan terbimbing. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengamati dan menelaah pencapaian kemampuan penalaran matematik siswa SMP melalui pendekatan penemuan terbimbing lebih baik daripada pembelajaran biasa, mengamati dan menelaah peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematik siswa SMP melalui pendekatan penemuan terbimbing lebih baik daripada pembelajaran biasa. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kuasi eksperimen dan desain penelitian menggunakan pretes dan postes kelas eksperimen dan kontrol. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 9 Cimahi. Sampel diambil hanya dua kelas secara purposive sampling yaitu kelas VII j sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VII i sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian berupa tes kemampuan penalaran matematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pencapaian kemampuan penalaran matematik siswa SMP melalui pendekatan penemuan terbimbing lebih baik daripada pembelajaran biasa, Peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematik siswa SMP melalui pendekatan penemuan terbimbing lebih baik daripada pembelajaran biasa.
HUBUNGAN MINAT BELAJAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIK SISWA SMP PADA MATERI LINGKARAN
Authors: Awaliyah Winda , Fitrianna Aflich Yusnita 
Published: November 2019

This research aims to determine the relationship of student learning interest to the mathematical reasoning ability of junior high school students in chapter circle. Method used is quantitative with correlation method. this research was conducted in one of junior high school in Cimahi with population of all students of class IX and sample IX-M as many as 30 people. Instrumen used in this research is a questionnaire instrument to measure the level of student learning interest and test instrument to measure the ability mathematical reasoning of students. Analysis results visible there is a significant relationship between student learning interests with the ability of mathematical reasoning and contribution/ influence interest in learning on the ability of mathematical reasoning of junior high school students of class IX is positive is equal to 74,64% while the remaining 25,36% influenced by other factors.
KEMAMPUAN MENGIDENTIFIKASI DAN MERUMUSKAN MASALAH BANGUN DATAR SERTA MINAT BELAJAR SISWA SMP
Authors: Felani Indri , Ramdhani Tsara Nabila , Hendriana Heris 
Published: November 2019

One of the potential that can improve student competence about mathematic is problem solving ability, because the competence is mathematic’s heart. Student success for improving problem solving ability supported by students’s interest in learning activity. The reaserch approach conduct this research using qualitative with descriptive method. Sample in the research consist of 35 student at the VIII-E class in SMPN 3 Cimahi. Instruments used problem solving ability test and interest in student learning scale non-tes. Based on research results obtained that problem solving ability is enough to achieve the criteria. Futhermore, the scala show that the half of student have good motivation in learning mathematics.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS DITINJAU DARI KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI MELALUI PENDEKATAN METAKOGNITIF
Authors: Rahmawati Ajeng Yulia , Rohaeti Euis Eti , Yuliani Anik 
Published: November 2019

This research is a quantitative research that aims to (1) examine the differences of students 'mathematical critical thinking ability in terms of self regulated learning which gain learning with metacognitive approach and students who only get ordinary learning (2) examine the influence of self regulated learning on students' mathematical critical thinking ability and (3) to describe students' mathematical critical thinking skills in terms of self regulated learning. Subjects in this research were students of class XI in MAN 1 Cimahi with the subject amounted to 64 students consisting of the control class and experimental class. Subjects were divided into three groups based on self-regulated learning level, specifically high level, medium level, and low level. Based on the results of the research, it’s found that (1) the ability of mathematical critical thinking in the experimental class is better than the mathematical critical thinking ability of the control class (2) the students' self-regulated learning of the experimental group positively influences the critical thinking skills of mathematics (3) The students of high level already able the indicators of critical thinking ability. The students of medium level are still experiencing errors in the algorithm resulting in incorrect results and conclusions. The Students of low level have not been able to meet the indicators of critical mathematical thinking ability.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIK SISWA SMP PADA MATERI SEGITIGA DAN SEGIEMPAT
Authors: Amelia Risma , Aripin Usman , Hidayani Nurul 
Published: November 2019

This study aims to analyze the creative thinking abilities of junior high school students in the Triangle and Quadrilateral material. The method used in the preliminary study is descriptive qualitative, which aims to analyze the ability of students to solve triangular and quadrilateral problems seen from the level of mathematical creative thinking ability of junior high school students. The population in this study were junior high school students in the city of Cimahi and the sample for this study were 36 eighth grade students in one of the junior high schools in the city of Cimahi. The instrument of creative thinking ability test is given as many as 5 questions with the type of description. Then the results obtained are the level of mathematical creative thinking ability of junior high school students in the city of Cimahi based on the written test is still relatively low.
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS DAN MINAT BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Ocktaviani Nuke Noer , Aulia Sinta Nurani , Zanthy Luvy Sylviana 
Published: November 2019

Tujuan penelitian kami yaitu mengetahui prestasi belajar siswa di SMP PGRI Cibeureum dengan mengunakan hubungan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan minat belajar. Penelitian ini termasuk kedalam penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian survey. Populasi penelitian mencangkup seluruh murid di SMP PGRI Cibeureum. Materi yang kami buat yaitu tentang bangun ruang sisi datar yang diuji cobakan kepada kelas IXB, yang telah mempelajari bangun ruang sisi datar di kelas VIII. Pengujian hipotesis ini menggunakan instrument tes berupa pertanyaan bangun ruang sisi datar sebanyak 5 butir soal dan non tes berupa amgket minat siswa sebanyak 26 butir pernyataan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa:1) Terdapat hubungan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dengan minat belajar siswa di SMP PGRI Cibeureum terhadap prestasi belajar; 2) Besarnya hubungan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan minat belajar siswa di SMP PGRI Cibeureum sangat signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS SISWA SMP PADA MATERI LINGKARAN DAN BANGUN RUANG SISI DATAR
Authors: Dewi Dara Puspita , Mediyani Dinar , Hidayat Wahyu , Rohaeti Euis Eti , Wijaya Tommy Tanu 
Published: November 2019

The skill to think critically and mathematics is the basic essential mathematic skills and need to owned by students who study math. This research method use qualitative descriptive research which aims to analyze the student’s mistakes when they do mathematic critical thinking questions on the discussion of circle and flat side geometry. This research subject is 8th grade student who study at one of public junior high school in the city of Purwakarta, Indonesia. The test instrument was 5 essay questions. The research result show that more students have their own difficulties when they do question number 2,3 and 5. I suggested the learning strategy which can upgrade their mathematics critical thinking skill should be used as the learning process.