bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular KATP channels protect from cardiac dysfunction and preserve cardiac metabolism during endotoxemia
Authors: Aziz Qadeer , Chen Jianmin , Moyes Amie J , Li Yiwen , Anderson Naomi A , Ang Richard , Aksentijevic Dunja , Sebastian Sonia , Hobbs Adrian J , Thiemermann Christoph , Tinker Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKATPchannels in the vasculature composed of Kir6.1 regulate vascular tone and may contribute to the pathogenesis of endotoxemia. We used mice with cell-specific deletion of Kir6.1 in smooth muscle (smKO) and endothelium (eKO) to investigate this question. We found that smKO mice had a significant survival disadvantage compared with their littermate controls when treated with a sub-lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). All cohorts of mice became hypotensive following bacterial LPS administration; however, mean arterial pressure in WT mice recovered to normal levels, whereas smKO struggled to overcome LPS-induced hypotension. In vivo and ex vivo investigations revealed pronounced cardiac dysfunction in LPS-treated smKO, but not in eKO mice. Similar results were observed in a cecal slurry injection model. Metabolomic profiling of hearts revealed significantly reduced levels of metabolites involved in redox/energetics, TCA cycle, lipid/fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Vascular smooth muscle-localised KATPchannels have a critical role in the response to systemic infection by normalising cardiac function and haemodynamics through metabolic homeostasis.Key messages• Mice lacking vascular KATPchannels are more susceptible to death from infection.• Absence of smooth muscle KATPchannels depresses cardiac function during infection.• Cardiac dysfunction is accompanied by profound changes in cellular metabolites.• Findings from this study suggest a protective role for vascular KATPchannels in response to systemic infection.
Nuclear star clusters
Authors: Neumayer Nadine , Seth Anil , Böker Torsten 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe review the current knowledge about nuclear star clusters (NSCs), the spectacularly dense and massive assemblies of stars found at the centers of most galaxies. Recent observational and theoretical works suggest that many NSC properties, including their masses, densities, and stellar populations, vary with the properties of their host galaxies. Understanding the formation, growth, and ultimate fate of NSCs, therefore, is crucial for a complete picture of galaxy evolution. Throughout the review, we attempt to combine and distill the available evidence into a coherent picture of NSC evolution. Combined, this evidence points to a clear transition mass in galaxies of$$\sim 10^9\,M_\odot$$∼109M⊙where the characteristics of nuclear star clusters change. We argue that at lower masses, NSCs are formed primarily from globular clusters that inspiral into the center of the galaxy, while at higher masses, star formation within the nucleus forms the bulk of the NSC. We also discuss the co-existence of NSCs and central black holes, and how their growth may be linked. The extreme densities of NSCs and their interaction with massive black holes lead to a wide range of unique phenomena including tidal disruption and gravitational-wave events. Finally, we review the evidence that many NSCs end up in the halos of massive galaxies stripped of the stars that surrounded them, thus providing valuable tracers of the galaxies’ accretion histories.
Supportive care needs and service use during palliative care in family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Ullrich Anneke , Marx Gabriella , Bergelt Corinna , Benze Gesine , Zhang Youyou , Wowretzko Feline , Heine Julia , Dickel Lisa-Marie , Nauck Friedemann , Bokemeyer Carsten , Oechsle Karin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the supportive care needs of family caregivers (FCs) of advanced cancer patients and their support service use at the beginning of specialist inpatient palliative care (SIPC), near the patient’s death, and during bereavement.

Methods
FCs reported their needs using the Family Inventory of Needs (FIN), along with their utilization of psychosocial and bereavement support services at the beginning (N = 232) and 6–9 months after SIPC (N = 160).

Results
At the beginning of SIPC, mean of 16.9 of 20 needs were reported to be highly important, and 12.2 were reported to be met. At the time of the patient’s death, 16.8 needs were highly important, and 13.8 were met. At both time points, the highest ranked need was related to information about changes in the patient’s condition (100% vs. 99%), and the most frequently unmet need was related to feeling hope (73% vs. 71%). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a low education level to be consistently related to a greater number of highly important needs. Higher satisfaction with care and better social support was related to a greater number of met needs. Twenty-five percent of FCs had accessed at least one psychosocial support service prior to SIPC, and 30% had done so during bereavement. Among non-users of support services, > 75% indicated sufficient informal support as a barrier to service use.

Conclusions
The findings offer a useful guide for adequately addressing FCs’ needs in an effort to optimize FC support. However, only a subgroup of the FCs used support services. Better information and provision of tailored services might improve FCs’ situations in the future.
Factors associated with re-initiation of antidepressant treatment following discontinuation during pregnancy: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Wikman Anna , Skalkidou Alkistis , Wikström Anna-Karin , Lampa Erik , Kramer Michael S. , Yong Eu-Leong , Skoglund Charlotte , Epperson Neill , Sundström-Poromaa Inger 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAntidepressant treatment when facing a pregnancy is an important issue for many women and their physicians. We hypothesized that women with a greater burden of pre-pregnancy psychiatric illness would be more likely to re-initiate antidepressants following discontinuation of treatment during pregnancy. A register-based cohort study was carried out including 38,595 women who gave birth between the 1st of January 2007 and the 31st of December 2014, who had filled a prescription for an antidepressant medication in the year prior to conception. Logistic regressions were used to explore associations between maternal characteristics and antidepressant treatment discontinuation or re-initiation during pregnancy. Most women discontinued antidepressant treatment during pregnancy (n = 29,095, 75.4%), of whom nearly 12% (n = 3434, 11.8%) re-initiated treatment during pregnancy. In adjusted analyses, parous women (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12–1.33), with high educational level (aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.08–1.36); born within the EU (excluding Nordic countries, aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.03–1.92) or a Nordic country (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.22–1.65); who more often reported prior hospitalizations due to psychiatric disorders (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.10–2.03, for three or more episodes); and had longer duration of pre-pregnancy antidepressant use (aOR 6.10, 95% CI 5.48–6.77, for >2 years antidepressant use), were more likely to re-initiate antidepressants than were women who remained off treatment. Women with a greater burden of pre-pregnancy psychiatric illness were more likely to re-initiate antidepressants. Thus, pre-pregnancy psychiatric history may be particularly important for weighing the risks and benefits of discontinuing antidepressants during pregnancy.
Efficient and Reliable Nanoindentation Simulation by Dislocation Loop Erasing Method
Authors: Shuang Fei , Xiao Pan , Bai Yilong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNanoindentation is a useful technique to measure material properties at microscopic level. However, the intrinsically multiscale nature makes it challenging for large-scale simulations to be carried out. It is shown that in molecular statics simulations of nanoindentation, the separated dislocation loops (SDLs) are trapped in simulation box which detrimentally affects the plastic behavior in the plastic zone (PZ); and the long-distance propagation of SDLs consumes much computational cost yet with little contribution to the variation of tip force. To tackle the problem, the dislocation loop erasing (DLE) method is proposed in the work to alleviate the influence of artificial boundary conditions on the SDL–PZ interaction and improve simulation efficiency. Simulation results indicate that the force–depth curves obtained from simulations with and without DLE are consistent with each other, while the method with DLE yields more reasonable results of microstructural evolution and shows better efficiency. The new method provides an alternative approach for large-scale molecular simulation of nanoindentation with reliable results and higher efficiency and also sheds lights on improving existing multiscale methods.
Factors Influencing the Provision of Classroom-based Physical Activity to Students in the Early Years of Primary School: A Survey of Educators
Authors: Macdonald Kirstin , Milne Nikki , Pope Rodney , Orr Robin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvidence suggests that multiple factors affect implementation of school-based physical activity interventions. This survey study examined the factors that influence the provision of classroom-based physical activity to students in the early years of primary school in Australia. A social ecological approach guided questionnaire design and analysis. A 45-item online questionnaire was administered to Australian classroom teachers and assistant, deputy and school principals working with students in Prep/Kindergarten to Year 2. Descriptive analysis determined response frequencies and content analysis was used to identify common themes in open-ended responses. The survey response rate was 22%; 34 of the 75 participants answered at least 93% of the survey questions. Barriers to providing classroom-based physical activity include: insufficient time, limited training opportunities, limited resources, educator attitudes to physical activity, and confidence. Proposed strategies to overcome barriers include the provision of training and resources to improve educator knowledge of the benefits of classroom-based physical activity for children’s health and learning, and to improve their confidence in delivering classroom-based physical activity. Creating a supportive school culture towards physical activity through implementation of whole-of-school physical activity policies is recommended. Overall, the results of this study suggest that multiple strategies, targeted at the individual (i.e., educator) and organisational (i.e., school) levels, may be necessary to enable Australian schools to overcome perceived barriers to providing physical activity opportunities to students in the early years of school during class time. Findings from this research elucidate how Australian schools may be best supported to implement classroom-based physical activity programs, as part of a whole-of-school approach to physical activity promotion.
Two different populations of Müller cells stabilize the structure of the fovea: an optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Bringmann Andreas , Unterlauft Jan Darius , Wiedemann Renate , Barth Thomas , Rehak Matus , Wiedemann Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To document with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography the structural stabilization of the fovea and the sealing of outer macular defects by Müller cells.

Methods
A retrospective case series of 45 eyes of 34 patients is described.

Results
In cases of a cystic disruption of the foveola as in macular telangiectasia type 2 and vitreomacular traction, the Müller cell cone provides the structural stability of the fovea. In cases of a detachment or disruption of the Müller cell cone, e.g., in foveal pseudocysts, outer lamellar holes, and degenerative and tractional lamellar holes, Müller cells of the foveal walls may provide the structural stability of the fovea by the formation of a hyperreflective external limiting membrane (ELM) which bridges the holes in the central outer nuclear layer (ONL). Müller cells of the foveal walls and parafovea mediate the regeneration of the foveal architecture in cases of outer lamellar and full-thickness macular holes. The regeneration proceeds by a centripetal displacement of photoreceptor cell somata which closes the holes in the central ONL. The closure may be supported by the formation of a glial tissue band at the ELM which seals the hole.

Conclusions
The Müller cell cone provides the foveal stability in cases of a cystic disruption of the foveola. The structural stability of the outer foveal layers is mainly provided by the Müller cells of the foveal walls and parafovea; these cells also mediate the regeneration of the outer fovea in cases of a defect of the central ONL.
Thinking about Others’ Minds: Mental State Inference in Boys with Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits
Authors: Roberts Ruth , McCrory Eamon , Bird Geoffrey , Sharp Molly , Roberts Linda , Viding Essi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChildren with conduct problems (CP) and high levels of callous-unemotional traits (CP/HCU) have been found to have an intact ability to represent other minds, however, they behave in ways that indicate a reduced propensity to consider other people’s thoughts and feelings. Here we report findings from three tasks assessing different aspects of mentalising in 81 boys aged 11–16 [Typically developing (TD) n = 27; CP/HCU n = 28; CP and low levels of callous-unemotional traits (CP/LCU) n = 26]. Participants completed the Movie Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC), a task assessing ability/propensity to incorporate judgements concerning an individual’s mind into mental state inference; provided a written description of a good friend to assess mind-mindedness; and completed the Social Judgement Task (SJT), a new measure assessing mentalising about antisocial actions. Boys with CP/HCU had more difficulty in accurately inferring others’ mental states in the MASC than TD and CP/LCU boys. There were no group differences in the number of mind-related comments as assessed by the mind-mindedness protocol or in responses to the SJT task. These findings suggest that although the ability to represent mental states is intact, CP/HCU boys are less likely to update mental state inferences as a function of different minds.
Knowledge, Attitudes, Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cigarette Smoking Among University Students: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Al Omari Omar , Abu Sharour Loai , Heslop Karen , Wynaden Dianne , Alkhawaldeh Abdullah , Al Qadire Mohammad , Khalaf Atika 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of smoking and associated sociodemographic and economic factors as well as students’ knowledge about and attitudes towards smoking among university students in Oman. A proportionate random sampling technique recruited 401 students from three universities in a cross-sectional study. The prevalence of smoking was 9.0%. Significant differences in gender, place of residence, if participants had received medical advice, years spent at the university, student income/day, family members who smoked, knowledge and attitude scores were identified. Universities in collaboration with health care providers should be leading the development of strategies to reduce the prevalence of smoking and to sustain the current knowledge and attitude towards smoking. Gender-specific approaches to smoking interventions need to be developed.
Truthmakers or truthmaking supervenience?
Authors: De Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractI argue that counterpart theory is incompatible with truthmaking supervenience, the thesis that truth supervenes on what there is and how things are. I further argue that David Lewis’s “qua” strategy for providing ontologically innocent and Humean-friendly truthmakers for predications faces a number of difficulties. I propose and assess various solutions to those difficulties, each of which comes at the cost of sacrificing one of the two main virtues of the qua strategy.
The differential impact of friendship on cooperative and competitive coordination
Authors: Chierchia Gabriele , Tufano Fabio , Coricelli Giorgio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFriendship is commonly assumed to reduce strategic uncertainty and enhance tacit coordination. However, this assumption has never been tested across two opposite poles of coordination involving either strategic complementarity or substitutability. We had participants interact with friends or strangers in two classic coordination games: the stag-hunt game, which exhibits strategic complementarity and may foster “cooperation”, and the entry game, which exhibits strategic substitutability and may foster “competition”. Both games capture a frequent trade-off between a potentially high paying but uncertain option and a low paying but safe alternative. We find that, relative to strangers, friends are more likely to choose options involving uncertainty in stag-hunt games, but the opposite is true in entry games. Furthermore, in stag-hunt games, friends “tremble” less between options, coordinate better and earn more, but these advantages are largely decreased or lost in entry games. We further investigate how these effects are modulated by risk attitudes, friendship qualities, and interpersonal similarities.
Electroacupuncture improves myocardial ischemia injury via activation of adenosine receptors
Authors: Ren Yulan , Chen Zhihan , Wang Rui , Yu Yang , Li Dehua , He Yonggang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectroacupuncture (EA) can improve myocardial ischemia (MI) injury; nevertheless, the mechanism is not entirely clear. And there were disagreements about whether the effect of EA at acupoint in disease-affected meridian is better than EA at acupoint in non-affected meridian and sham acupoint. Here, we showed that the effect of EA at Neiguan (PC6) is better than EA at Hegu (LI4) and sham acupoint in affecting RPP and ECG, increasing ATP and ADO production, decreasing AMP production, and upregulating the mRNA expression levels of A1AR, A2aAR, and A2bAR; knockdown of A1AR or A2bAR reversed the effect of EA at PC6 in alleviating MI injury; knockdown of A2aAR had no influence on the cardiac protection of EA at PC6; thus, the cardioprotective effect of EA at PC6 needs A1AR and A2bAR, instead of A2aAR; considering that the cardio protection of adenosine receptor needs activation of other adenosine receptors, one of the reasons may be that after silence of A1AR or A2bAR, EA at PC6 could not impact the expression levels of the other two adenosine receptors, and after silence of A2aAR, EA at PC6 could impact the expression levels of A1AR and A2bAR. These results suggested that EA at PC6 may be a potential and effective treatment for MI by activation of A1AR and A2bAR.
Thermal Properties of Söderberg Electrode Materials
Authors: White Jesse F. , Rigas Konstantinos , Peter Andersson S. , Glaser Björn 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Thermal properties of green Söderberg electrode pastes were measured up to 1073 K (800 °C) using the transient plane source method. Comparison was made to measurements on an electrode material baked beforehand to 1473 K (1200 °C). For the green pastes, thermal conductivity was found to decrease up to 673 K (400 °C) at the onset of baking. After about 873 K (600 °C), thermal conductivity of the material increases with increasing temperature. For previously baked Söderberg material, thermal conductivity continually increases with increasing temperature.
Thyroid function and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a prospective population-based cohort study
Authors: Groothof Dion , Flores-Guerrero Jose L. , Nolte Ilja M. , Bouma Hjalmar R. , Gruppen Eke G. , Bano Arjola , Post Adrian , Kootstra-Ros Jenny E. , Hak Eelko , Bos Jens H. J. , de Borst Martin H. , Gans Reinold O. B. , Links Thera P. , Dullaart Robin P. F. , Bakker Stephan J. L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Although thyroid hormones are irrefutably implicated in cardiovascular physiology, the impact of within-reference range variations of thyroid function on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. Elucidating this is important, since it could foster preventive treatment and reduce global CVD burden. We therefore investigated the impact of within-reference range variations of thyroid function on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Methods
We included community-dwelling individuals aged 28–75 years from a prospective cohort study, without known use of thyroid-affecting therapy and with thyrotropin within reference range. Associations of thyroid function with mortality were quantified using Cox models and adjusted for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results
Mean (SD) age of the 6,054 participants (52.0% male) was 53.3 (12.0) years. During 47,594 person-years of follow-up, we observed 380 deaths from all causes and 103 from CVDs. Although higher thyrotropin was not associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.92–1.14), point estimates for cardiovascular mortality diverged toward increased risk in younger (<72 years) participants (1.31, 1.00–1.72) and decreased risk in elderly (≥72 years) (0.77, 0.56–1.06). Higher free thyroxine (FT4) was associated with all-cause mortality (1.18, 1.07–1.30) and with cardiovascular mortality only in elderly (1.61, 1.19–2.18), but not in younger participants (1.03, 0.78–1.34). Higher free triiodothyronine (FT3) was associated with all-cause mortality in females only (1.18, 1.02–1.35). FT3 was not associated with cardiovascular mortality (0.91, 0.70–1.18).

Conclusions
Community-dwelling elderly individuals with high-normal thyroid function are at increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, reinforcing the need of redefining the current reference ranges of thyroid function.
Application of the eutectic high entropy alloy Nb0.73CoCrFeNi2.1 for high temperature joints
Authors: Tillmann W. , Wojarski L. , Stangier D. , Manka M. , Timmer C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe eutectic high entropy alloy Nb0.73CoCrFeNi2.1 was manufactured by means of arc smelting and the obtained ingots were cut into 300-μm-thick foils, which were used as filler alloys to braze Crofer 22 APU to Hf-metallized yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ). The brazing process was conducted in a vacuum furnace at 1200 °C for 5 min at a vacuum of 4.3·10–4 mbar. In order to minimize the intense diffusion and erosion of the steel substrate, a heating and cooling rate of 50 K/min was applied. Sound joints without any pores or flaws were obtained. The microstructure of the joints consisted of an HfO2 reaction layer at the ceramic interface and the same eutectic structure consisting of a Laves phase and a solid solution that was already detected in the smelted foil. The average hardness of the microstructure in the joint seam amounted to 352 ± 17 HV0.01 and the joints reached strength values up to 97 ± 7 MPa while the fracture area was always located at the ceramic interface in the HfO2 layer. Comparable joints, with AgCuTi3 as filler metal, brazed at 920 °C, only reached a shear strength of ~ 52 ± 2 MPa.