bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Magnesium Sulfate with Lidocaine for Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block for Upper Extremity Surgeries
Authors: Beiranvand Siavash , Karimi Arash , Haghighat Shoar Majid , Baghizadeh Baghdashti Maryam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background An addition of analgesic to anesthetic agents is likely to increase the effects of anesthesia and reduce associated adverse outcomes. Several adjuvants are studied in this regard. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of adding a magnesium adjunct to lidocaine for the induction of infraclavicular block.
Methods Patients referred to Shohada Ashayer Hospital, Khorramabad, for wrist and hand surgery were enrolled in this study. The intervention/case group included patients who received 18 mL lidocaine (2%) + 2 mL magnesium sulfate (50%), 10 mL normal saline; control group: 18 mL lidocaine (2%) + 12 mL of normal saline. After the induction of ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block, parameters such as duration of reach with respect to complete sensory and motor block, hemodynamic parameters (hypotension and bradycardia), and postoperative pain, using visual analogue scale criteria, were measured. The obtained data were analyzed using a Bayesian path analysis model.
Results A total of 30 patients were included in each group. In the case group, sensory and motor block was achieved for 12.136 ± 4.96 and 13 ± 3.589 minutes more than those in the control group. The duration of sedation and immobilization was 2.57 ± 0.764 minute and 4.66 ± 0.909 minutes lengthier in the case group. Regarding the hemodynamic parameters, blood pressure was 0.217 ± 5.031 and 1.59 ± 5.14 units lower in the case group, immediately following the block and the surgery. Similarly, heart rate was 0.776 ± 4.548 and 0.39 ± 3.987 units higher in the case group, after 30 minutes and 2 hours of the procedure. A decrease in the pain was seen at 8, 10, and 12 hours after the surgery, as compared with the control group. An addition of magnesium to lidocaine for infraclavicular block resulted in a significantly longer sedation and immobilization period and decreased postoperative pain at 12 hours.
Conclusion Heart rate and blood pressure did not decrease significantly in the case group. It can be concluded that addition of magnesium sulfate to lidocaine can produce better anesthetic and analgesic outcomes with low-to-no adverse effects.
14.8.6 Thiopyranones and Thiopyranthiones (Update 2020)
Authors: Wang Z. , Shi T. , Zhang H.-H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSulfur-containing compounds are ubiquitous in chemistry, pharmacy, and materials sciences. As sulfur-containing compounds, thiopyranones and thiopyranthiones, or more specifically, 2H-thiopyran-2-ones, 2H-thiopyran-2-thiones, 4H-thiopyran-4-ones, and 4H-thiopyran-4-thiones, have been widely studied and new synthetic methods have emerged as a consequence of their important biological activities and unique reactivities. This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis review of these compounds (Section 14.8), and covers literature published up until 2019.
Phylogenies based on lexical innovations refute the Rung hypothesis
Authors: Jacques Guillaume , Pellard Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSino-Tibetan (Trans-Himalayan) is one of the typologically most diverse language families in the world, one of the few comprising all gradients of morphological complexity, from isolating to polysynthetic. No consensus exists as yet on whether the rich morphology found in some languages, in particular person indexation, should be reconstructed in the common Sino-Tibetan ancestor or whether it is a later innovation confined to and defining a particular “Rung” subgroup. In this article, we argue that this question is fundamentally a problem of phylogeny, and that the results of recent works on the phylogeny of Sino-Tibetan, supplemented by a more refined investigation of shared lexical innovations, provide support for the idea that person indexation morphology is not a recent innovation and that the languages lacking such a feature are thus innovative.
Some are more equal than others
Authors: Fraune Marlena R. , Šabanović Selma , Smith Eliot R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHow do people treat robot teammates compared to human opponents? Past research indicates that people favor, and behave more morally toward, ingroup than outgroup members. People also perceive that they have more moral responsibilities toward humans than nonhumans. This paper presents a 2×2×3 experimental study that placed participants (N = 102) into competing teams of humans and robots. We examined how people morally behave toward and perceive players depending on players’ Group Membership (ingroup, outgroup), Agent Type (human, robot), and participant group Team Composition (humans as minority, equal, or majority within the ingroup compared to robots). Results indicated that participants favored the ingroup over the outgroup and humans over robots – to the extent that they favored ingroup robots over outgroup humans. Interestingly, people differentiated more between ingroup than outgroup humans and robots. These effects generalized across Team Composition.
Public attitude influences actors’ visual orientation*
Authors: Lemasson Alban , Lippi Daria , Hamelin Laura , Louazon Stéphane , Hausberger Martine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Human emotions guide verbal and non-verbal behaviour during social encounters. During public performances, performers’
emotions can be affected directly by an audience’s attitude. The valence of the emotional state (positive or negative) of a broad range of
animal species is known to be associated with a body and visual orientation laterality bias. Here, we evaluated the influence of an
audience’s attitude on professional actors’ head orientation and gaze direction during two theatrical performances with controlled
observers’ reactions (Hostile vs Friendly audience). First, our speech fluency analysis confirmed that an audience’s
attitude influenced actors’ emotions. Second, we found that, whereas actors oriented more their head to the left (i.e. Right Hemisphere
Bias) when the audience was hostile, they gazed more straight ahead at Friendly spectators. These results are in accordance with the
Valence-Specific Hypothesis that proposes that processing stimuli with negative valences involves the right hemisphere (i.e. left eye) more
than the left hemisphere.
A luminescent temperature sensor based on rhodamine B on a polymer-ceramic substrate for aerothermal measurements
Authors: Leite Henrique Fanini , Claucherty Steven , Avelar Ana Cristina , da Silva Roberto Gil Annes , Sakaue Hirotaka 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) is a type of luminescent temperature sensor that can provide surface temperature measurements on the surface of a test article. These surface temperature measurements can be used to determine heat flux and visualize boundary layer transition on an aerodynamic body. This paper presents the static response characteristics of a TSP based on rhodamine B (RhB) applied on a polymer-ceramic supporting matrix. Six solvents with varying polarity indices were used to apply the RhB to the sensors, which were then evaluated in terms of luminescent signal level and temperature sensitivity. The results are presented and also compared to previous results for RhB on an anodized aluminum matrix. The temperature range was between 150 K and 365 K. The study confirms that the influence of the solvent on the sensor’s final characteristics is significant, and shows temperature sensitivities as high as −4.8% K−1 at 150 K when dichloromethane is used as the application solvent.
Recent progress in all-fiber ultrafast high-order mode lasers
Authors: Wang Teng , Lu Jiafeng , Yao Han , Shi Fan , Meng Linghao , Cheng Peikang , Zeng Xianglong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ultrafast high-order mode (HOM) lasers are a relatively new class of ultrafast optics. They play a significant role in the fieldsof scientific research and industrial applications due to the high peak power and unique properties of spatial intensity and polarization distribution. Generation of ultrafast HOM beams in all-fiber systems has become an important research direction. In this paper, all-fiber mode conversion techniques, pulsed HOM laser strategies, and few-mode/multi-mode fiber (FMF/MMF) lasers are reviewed. The main motivation of this review is to highlight recent advances in the field of all-fiber ultrafast HOM lasers, for example, generating different HOM pulses based on fiber mode converters and mode-locking in the FMF/MMF lasers. These results suggest that mode selective coupler can be used as a broad bandwidth mode converter with fast response and HOM can be directly oscillated in the FMF/MMF laser cavity with high stability. In addition, spatiotemporal mode-locking in the FMF/MMF is also involved. It is believed that the development of all-fiber ultrafast HOM lasers will continue to deepen, thus laying a good foundation for future applications.
ARID1A deficiency in EBV-positive gastric cancer is partially regulated by EBV-encoded miRNAs, but not by DNA promotor hypermethylation
Authors: Kase Koji , Saito Motonobu , Nakajima Shotaro , Takayanagi Daisuke , Saito Katsuharu , Yamada Leo , Ashizawa Mai , Nakano Hiroshi , Hanayama Hiroyuki , Onozawa Hisashi , Okayama Hirokazu , Endo Hisahito , Fujita Shotaro , Sakamoto Wataru , Saze Zenichiro , Momma Tomoyuki , Mimura Kosaku , Ohki Shinji , Shiraishi Kouya , Kohno Takashi , Kono Koji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), which is a tumor suppressor gene, is frequently mutated in Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer [EBV (+) GC]. While most ARID1A mutations in GC are truncating mutations, leading to loss of ARID1A protein expression, epigenetic modifications appear to contribute to ARID1A deficiency in EBV (+) GC harboring wild-type ARID1A. Based on the significant role of epigenetic modifications in EBV (+) GC that contributes to ARID1A deficiency, the methylation status of ARID1A was evaluated in EBV-infected cells and GC patients using a publicly available microarray and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. EBV-encoded miRNAs that potentially target ARID1A were identified as an additional epigenetic modulator by computational prediction. In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate how EBV-encoded miRNAs affected ARID1A mRNA and protein levels. In clinical GC samples, the expression of predicted miRNAs and ARID1A and the mutation status of ARID1A was evaluated. As results, ARID1A was not hypermethylated in EBV (+) GC samples or EBV-infected GC cells. EBV infection did not alter ARID1A mRNA levels, suggesting that ARID1A protein deficiency was caused by post-transcriptional gene silencing in ARID1A-WT EBV (+) GC. Overexpression of miR-BART11-3p and miR-BART12, which were identified as miRNAs that potentially bind ARID1A, suppressed ARID1A protein expression in MKN7 and NCI-N87 cells. Highly expressed miR-BART11-3p and miR-BART12 were correlated with decreased ARID1A levels in GC tumors which did not harbor ARID1A mutations. The present findings revealed that ARID1A expression was epigenetically regulated by miR-BART11-3p and miR-BART12 in EBV (+) GC.
Performance of Symptom-Based Case Definitions to Identify Influenza Virus Infection Among Pregnant Women in Middle-Income Countries: Findings From the Pregnancy and Influenza Multinational Epidemiologic (PRIME) Study
Authors: Wesley Meredith G , Tinoco Yeny , Patel Archana , Suntarratiwong Piyarat , Hunt Danielle , Sinthuwattanawibool Chalinthorn , Soto Giselle , Kittikraisak Wanitchaya , Das Prabir Kumar , Arriola Carmen Sofia , Hombroek Danielle , Mott Joshua , Kurhe Kunal , Bhargav Savita , Prakash Amber , Florian Richard , Gonzales Oswaldo , Cabrera Santiago , Llajaruna Edwin , Brummer Tana , Malek Parker , Saha Siddhartha , Garg Shikha , Azziz-Baumgartner Eduardo , Thompson Mark G , Dawood Fatimah S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends case definitions for influenza surveillance that are also used in public health research, although their performance has not been assessed in many risk groups, including pregnant women in whom influenza may manifest differently. We evaluated the performance of symptom-based definitions to detect influenza in a cohort of pregnant women in India, Peru, and Thailand.

Methods
In 2017 and 2018, we contacted 11 277 pregnant women twice weekly during the influenza season to identify illnesses with new or worsened cough, runny nose, sore throat, difficulty breathing, or myalgia and collected data on other symptoms and nasal swabs for influenza real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) testing. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value, and negative-predictive value of each symptom predictor, WHO respiratory illness case definitions, and a de novo definition derived from results of multivariable modeling.

Results
Of 5444 eligible illness episodes among 3965 participants, 310 (6%) were positive for influenza. In a multivariable model, measured fever ≥38°C (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 4.6 [3.1–6.8]), myalgia (3.0 [2.2–4.0]), cough (2.7 [1.9–3.9]), and chills (1.6 [1.1–2.4]) were independently associated with influenza illness. A definition based on these 4 (measured fever, cough, chills, or myalgia) was 95% sensitive and 27% specific. The WHO influenza-like illness (ILI) definition was 16% sensitive and 98% specific.

Conclusions
The current WHO ILI case definition was highly specific but had low sensitivity. The intended use of case definitions should be considered when evaluating the tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity.
Making ‘the Heads of the Proposals’: The King, the Army, the Levellers, and the Roads to Putney
Authors: Como David R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article offers a comprehensive account of the drafting of ‘the Heads of the Proposals’, the peace plan framed by the New Model Army in July 1647. Using overlooked manuscript sources, including newly uncovered papers of Commissary General Henry Ireton, the article reconstructs the complex process of negotiation, revision, and bargaining through which the Heads of the Proposals emerged. It charts the influence of King Charles I on the peace programme, and offers new insight into the monarch’s response to the Proposals. However, the article also demonstrates that army leaders invited radical London activists to Reading to participate in framing the Proposals. These activists sought, with limited success, to bring the Heads into conformity with their own vision for the polity, but quickly revolted when they recognised the degree to which the king’s input and interests were reflected in the developing programme. The resulting tensions ensured that even before the Heads of the Proposals were completed and published in August 1647, the plan provoked serious controversy among the army’s supporters, helping to undermine its prospects. It is demonstrated that many of the political conflicts that shook the army and the ‘independent coalition’ later in 1647 grew out of these disagreements at Reading over the Heads of the Proposals. The article not only clarifies the reasons for the failure of the Heads, but provides new insight into the origins of the ‘Leveller’ agitation and the Putney Debates, including the famous ‘franchise debates’.
Modelling diurnal variation magnetic fields due to ionospheric currents
Authors: Egbert G D , Alken P , Maute A , Zhang H 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARY
Accurate models of the spatial structure of ionospheric magnetic fields in the diurnal variation (DV) band (periods of a few hours to a day) would enable use of magneto-variational methods for 3-D imaging of upper mantle and transition zone electrical conductivity. Constraints on conductivity at these depths, below what is typically possible with magnetotellurics, would in turn provide valuable constraints on mantle hydration and Earths deep water cycle. As a step towards this objective, we present here a novel approach to empirical modelling of global DV magnetic fields. First, we apply frequency domain (FD) principal components analysis (PCA) to ground-based geomagnetic data, to define the dominant spatial and temporal modes of source variability. Spatial modes are restricted to the available data sites, but corresponding temporal modes are effectively continuous in time. Secondly, we apply FD PCA to gridded surface magnetic fields derived from outputs of the physics-based Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM), to determine the dominant modes of spatial variability. The TIEGCM spatial modes are then used as basis functions, to fit (or interpolate) the sparsely sampled data spatial modes. Combining the two steps, we have a FD model of DV band global magnetic fields that is continuous in both space and time. We show that the FD model can easily be transformed back to the time domain (TD) to directly fit time-series data, allowing the use of satellite, as well as ground-based, data in the empirical modelling scheme. As an illustration of the methodology we construct global FD and TD models of DV band source fields for 1997–2018. So far, the model uses only ground-based data, from 127 geomagnetic observatories. We show that the model accurately reproduces surface magnetic fields in both active and quiet times, including those at sites not used for model construction. This empirical model, especially with future enhancements, will have many applications: improved imaging of electrical conductivity, ionospheric studies and improved external field corrections for core and crustal studies.
Presence of Obstructive Symptoms and Absence of Perianal Crohn Disease Is Predictive of Surgery After Endoscopic Balloon Dilation
Authors: Sivasailam Barathi , Manski Scott , Wentz Alicia , Cross Raymond K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients with Crohn disease (CD) often develop strictures that require surgery. Endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) is an alternative treatment that can be safe and effective. The objective of this study was to assess factors associated with the need for repeat EBD and surgery after initial EBD for stricturing CD.

Methods
Patients with stricturing CD who underwent EBD from 2007 to 2017 were identified. Demographic and clinical information was obtained from the electronic medical record. A Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for variables associated with repeat EBD and surgical resection.

Results
Ninety-nine patients underwent a total of 240 EBD proedures; 35% had a history of perianal disease, and 63% were on a biologic at the time of initial EBD. Fifty-one percent of patients had obstructive symptoms at the time of initial EBD, and 75% of the EBDs were successful. Complications occurred in 8 EBDs (3.3%). Repeat intervention after EBD was more likely in patients on biologics at baseline EBD (76% vs 54%; P = 0.029). Thirty-three percent of patients had surgical resection at a median of 5 months (interquartile ratio = 2.0-13.0 months) after initial EBD. The presence of obstructive symptoms at the time of EBD was associated with surgical resection (hazard ratio = 3.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-7.86). Conversely, a history of perianal disease was negatively associated with surgical resection (hazard ratio = 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.68).

Conclusions
Patients on biologic treatment at the time of EBD are more likely to need an intervention in the future. Patients with obstructive symptoms at the time of initial EBD and those without a history of perianal involvement are more likely to undergo surgical intervention.
Modifying Bradley–Terry and other ranking models to allow ties
Authors: Baker Rose , Scarf Philip 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Models derived from distributions of order-statistics are useful for modelling ranked data. The well-known Bradley–Terry (BT) and Plackett–Luce (PL) models can be derived from the order statistics of the exponential distribution but cannot handle ties. However, ties often occur in sports, and the ability to accommodate them leads to more useful ranking models. In this paper, we use discrete distributions, principally the geometric distribution, to obtain modified BT and PL models and some others that allow tied ranks. Our methodology is introduced for some mathematically tractable and some less tractable distributions and is illustrated using test match cricket.
Efficacy of temocillin against MDR Enterobacterales: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Alexandre Kévin , Leysour de Rohello François , Dahyot Sandrine , Etienne Manuel , Tiret Isabelle , Gillibert André , Pestel-Caron Martine , Caron François 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
EUCAST recently advised against temocillin use, except for non-serious urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. (except Klebsiella aerogenes) and Proteus mirabilis (EKP) treated with a dose of 2 g q8h. We aimed to analyse our practice in the context of a larger temocillin use in France.

Patients and methods
All ≥3 day temocillin prescriptions from 2016 to 2019 were reviewed, with reference to French recommendations and a susceptibility breakpoint of 8 mg/L. The primary outcome was early clinical failure (antibiotic switch, relapse or death within 10 days after the completion of antibiotic treatment).

Results
Overall, 153 cases were analysed: 123 cases of UTI (80.4%) and 133 cases of monomicrobial infection with Enterobacterales (86.9%). A total of 160 Enterobacterales were isolated, comprising 108 (67.5%) ESBL producers and 30 (20.7%) non-EKP species. The rate of early clinical failure was 9.2% and was significantly lower for UTI compared with non-UTI (4.9% versus 26.7%, P = 0.001) and for sepsis compared with severe sepsis or septic shock (6.2% versus 25%, P = 0.011). It was not different between 2 g q12h and 2 g q8h doses (10% versus 7.4%, P = 0.81) and between EKP and other Enterobacterales (8.7% versus 14.3%, P = 0.41).

Conclusions
EUCAST recommendations on urinary isolates seem to be too restrictive. Our data support the efficacy of temocillin at a dose of 2 g q12h to treat patients with non-severe complicated UTI caused by MDR Enterobacterales with an MIC of ≤8 mg/L, whatever the species.