bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect effects of poor sleep quality on BMI and waist circumference in a female population-based study in Southern Brazil
Authors: Leite Heloísa Marquardt , Garcez Anderson , Bairros Fernanda , Soares Dias da Costa Juvenal , Olinto Maria Teresa Anselmo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of poor sleep quality on BMI and waist circumference (WC), considering behavioural factors as intermediate variables.Design:A population-based cross-sectional study design was adopted. Data were collected between February and October 2015. Poor sleep quality was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR). Weight, height (used to calculate BMI) and WC were measured using standard protocols. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fast food consumption were considered intermediate variables. Non-standardised effects were estimated by path analysis with bootstrapped CI.Setting:Urban region of the city of São Leopoldo, southern Brazil.Participants:Representative sample of 1117 women aged between 20 and 69 years.Results:Poor sleep quality (higher PSQI-BR scores) was significantly associated with low physical activity levels (β = –0·05; 95 % CI –0·09, –0·01). High physical activity levels were associated with lower BMI (β = –0·21; 95 % CI –0·37, –0·07) and WC (β = –0·64; 95 % CI –1·00, –0·30). There was a non-significant direct effect of poor sleep quality on BMI and WC. However, low physical activity showed a significant indirect effect on the association between poor sleep quality and increased WC (β = 0·03; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·07).Conclusions:The results indicate that the association between sleep quality and WC is mediated by physical activity. This finding can assist in the development of strategies to prevent and reduce abdominal obesity in adult women.
Food insecurity and its association with changes in nutritional habits among adults during the COVID-19 confinement measures in Belgium
Authors: Vandevijvere Stefanie , De Ridder Karin , Drieskens Sabine , Charafeddine Rana , Berete Finaba , Demarest Stefaan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess food insecurity and its association with changes in nutritional habits among Belgian adults during confinement due to COVID-19.Design:Three cross-sectional online health surveys were conducted during March–May 2020. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine associations between self-reported changes in fruit, vegetable, soft drink and sweet and salted snack consumption or weight as dependent variables and food insecurity indicators as independent variables, adjusted for gender, household composition, educational attainment and household income.Setting:Belgium.Participants:In total, 8640 adults recruited by convenience sampling.Results:About 10·4 % of Belgians often or sometimes feared food shortages, 5·0 % were often or sometimes short of food without money to buy more and 10·3 % often or sometimes could not afford to eat a healthy diet during confinement. These percentages were highest among single-parent families (26·7, 14·4 and 23·4 %, respectively). Adults who often or sometimes feared that food would run out during confinement had significantly higher odds of decreased v. unchanged fruits (3·53; 95 % CI = 2·06, 6·05) and vegetables (5·42; 95 % CI = 2·90, 10·11) consumption and significantly higher odds of increased v. unchanged soft drink consumption (3·79; 95 % CI = 2·20, 6·54). Similar results were found for adults who often or sometimes ran out of food and for adults who often or sometimes were not able to afford a healthy diet.Conclusion:Food insecurity during the COVID-19 confinement measures in Belgium was associated with adverse changes in most dietary behaviours. A strong government response is needed to tackle malnutrition and food insecurity to protect public health from ongoing and future pandemics.
AMC-based antenna sensor for breast tumors detection
Authors: Rao Praveen Kumar , Yadav Ashish Ranjan , Mishra Rajan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) formed by meta-materials is used in the micro-strip antenna design for microwave sensor applications. The AMC structures with two uniplanar layers, which include modified square split-ring resonator cells, are repeated and formed into a 5 × 3 array. The antenna's operational bandwidth result is significant, and it is in the range of 2.8–10 GHz with a maximum gain of 11.8 dB. Cancer or malignant tumor cells have entirely different electrical properties than healthy breast tissue. Principal component analysis and specific absorption rate (SAR) are used as a parameter to identify cancer or malignant tumor cells in the breast. The SAR values have been calculated for each layer of the 3D breast model. The results show a difference in the SAR values based on the size and tumors' locations.
Sex- and age-dependent differences in nicotine susceptibility evoked by developmental exposure to tobacco smoke and/or ethanol in mice
Authors: Nunes-Freitas André Luiz , Manhães Alex C. , Dutra-Tavares Ana Carolina , Leal-Rocha Pedro Henrique , Filgueiras Claudio C. , Ribeiro-Carvalho Anderson , Abreu-Villaça Yael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEither tobacco smoking or alcohol consumption during pregnancy sex-selectively increases susceptibility to drugs of abuse later in life. Considering that pregnant smoking women are frequently intermittent consumers of alcoholic beverages, here, we investigated whether a short-term ethanol exposure restricted to the brain growth spurt period when combined with chronic developmental exposure to tobacco smoke aggravates susceptibility to nicotine in adolescent and adult mice. Swiss male and female mice were exposed to tobacco smoke (SMK; research cigarettes 3R4F, whole-body exposure, 8 h/daily) or ambient air during the gestational period and until the tenth postnatal day (PN). Ethanol (ETOH, 2 g/Kg, 25%, i.p.) or saline was injected in the pups every other day from PN2 to PN10. There were no significant differences in cotinine (nicotine metabolite) and ethanol serum levels among SMK, ETOH and SMK + ETOH groups. During adolescence (PN30) and adulthood (PN90), nicotine (NIC, 0.5 mg/Kg) susceptibility was evaluated in the conditioned place preference and open field tests. NIC impact was more evident in females: SMK, ETOH and SMK + ETOH adolescent females were equally more susceptible to nicotine-induced place preference than control animals. At adulthood, SMK and SMK + ETOH adult females exhibited a nicotine-evoked hyperlocomotor profile in the open field, with a stronger effect in the SMK + ETOH group. Our results indicate that ethanol exposure during the brain growth spurt, when combined to developmental exposure to tobacco smoke, increases nicotine susceptibility with stronger effects in adult females. This result represents a worsened outcome from the early developmental dual exposure and may predispose nicotine use/abuse later in life.
Renal morphology and glomerular capillarisation in young adult sheep born moderately preterm
Authors: Sutherland Megan R. , Malik Waleed , Nguyen Vivian B. , Tran Vivian , Polglase Graeme R. , Black Mary Jane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPreterm birth (delivery <37 weeks of gestation) is associated with impaired glomerular capillary growth in neonates; if this persists, it may be a contributing factor in the increased risk of hypertension and chronic kidney disease in people born preterm. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the long-term impact of preterm birth on renal morphology, in adult sheep. Singleton male sheep were delivered moderately preterm at 132 days (~0.9) of gestation (n = 6) or at term (147 days gestation; n = 6) and euthanised at 14.5 months of age (early adulthood). Stereological methods were used to determine mean renal corpuscle and glomerular volumes, and glomerular capillary length and surface area, in the outer, mid and inner regions of the renal cortex. Glomerulosclerosis and interstitial collagen levels were assessed histologically. By 14.5 months of age, there was no difference between the term and preterm sheep in body or kidney weight. Renal corpuscle volume was significantly larger in the preterm sheep than the term sheep, with the preterm sheep exhibiting enlarged Bowman’s spaces; however, there was no difference in glomerular volume between groups, with no impact of preterm birth on capillary length or surface area per glomerulus. There was also no difference in interstitial collagen levels or glomerulosclerosis index between groups. Findings suggest that moderate preterm birth does not adversely affect glomerular structure in early adulthood. The enlarged Bowman’s space in the renal corpuscles of the preterm sheep kidneys, however, is of concern and merits further research into its cause and functional consequences.
Season-of-birth phenomenon in health and longevity: epidemiologic evidence and mechanistic considerations
Authors: Vaiserman Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn many human populations, especially those living in regions with pronounced climatic differences between seasons, the most sensitive (prenatal and neonatal) developmental stages occur in contrasting conditions depending on the season of conception. The difference in prenatal and postnatal environments may be a factor significantly affecting human development and risk for later life chronic diseases. Factors potentially contributing to this kind of developmental programming include nutrition, outdoor temperature, infectious exposures, duration of sunlight, vitamin D synthesis, etc. Month of birth is commonly used as a proxy for exposures which vary seasonally around the perinatal period. Season-of-birth patterns have been identified for many chronic health outcomes. In this review, the research evidence for the seasonality of birth in adult-life disorders is provided and potential mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of early life seasonal programming of chronic disease and longevity are discussed.
Covid-19, Classical Subjects and the Classroom: Teachers’ Feedback from Summer 2020
Authors: Dixon Jessica 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Classical Association Teaching Board (CATB) surveyed Classics teachers in the United Kingdom from 20th August to 9th September 2020 to gauge views about the impact on teaching of the national lockdown during the covid-19 pandemic. 164 teachers from both the state and independent sectors completed the survey. There were three areas of focus in the survey. First, the impact on pupils of the grade awarding process after the cancellation of GCSE and A Level examinations in 2020. Second, how confident teachers were in preparing for the 2021 examinations after the loss of five months of face-to-face teaching. Third, reactions to Ofqual's consultation process on changes to the format of the 2021 examinations. This article brings together the responses to the survey and details how the unprecedented closure of schools affected the teaching of Classics. It will also explain how the CATB continues to support Classics teachers and the teaching of classical subjects in UK schools.
Comprehensive High‐Precision Relocation of Seismicity on the Island of Hawai‘i 1986–2018
Authors: Matoza Robin S. , Okubo Paul G. , Shearer Peter M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAbundant seismicity beneath the Island of Hawai‘i from mantle depths to the surface plays a central role in understanding how volcanoes work, grow, and evolve at this intraplate oceanic hotspot. We perform systematic waveform cross‐correlation, cluster analysis, and relative relocation of 347,445 events representing 32 years of seismicity on and around the island from 1986 to 2018. We successfully relocate 275,009 (79%) events using ∼1.7 billion differential times (P and S) from ∼128 million similar‐event pairs. The results reveal a dramatic sharpening of seismicity along faults, streaks, rings, rift zones, magma pathways, and mantle fault zones; seismicity delineating crustal detachments on the flanks of Kīlauea and Mauna Loa is particularly well‐resolved. The resulting high‐precision spatio‐temporal image of seismicity captures almost the entire 1983–2018 Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō‐Kūpaianaha eruption of Kīlauea with its numerous distinct episodes and wide‐ranging activity, culminating in the 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit collapse.
Representing Model Uncertainty in Multiannual Predictions
Authors: Befort Daniel J. , O'Reilly Christopher H. , Weisheimer Antje 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe most prominent way to account for model uncertainty is through the pragmatic combination of simulations from individual climate models into a multimodel ensemble (MME). However, alternative approaches to represent intrinsic model errors within single‐model ensembles (SMEs) using stochastic parameterizations have proven beneficial in numerical weather prediction. Nevertheless, stochastic parameterizations are not included in most current decadal prediction systems. Here, the effect of the stochastically perturbed physical tendency (SPPT) scheme is examined in 28‐month predictions using ECMWF's forecast model and contrasted with a MME constructed from current decadal prediction systems. Compared to SMEs, SPPT improves the skill and reliability of tropical sea surface temperature forecasts during the first 18 months (similar to the MME). Thus, stochastic schemes can be an effective and low‐cost alternative to be used separately or in conjunction with the multimodel combination to improve the reliability of climate predictions on multiannual time scales.
Kinetic‐Scale Turbulence in the Venusian Magnetosheath
Authors: Bowen T. A. , Bale S. D. , Bandyopadhyay R. , Bonnell J. W. , Case A. , Chasapis A. , Chen C. H. K. , Curry S. , Dudok de Wit T. , Goetz K. , Goodrich K. , Gruesbeck J. , Halekas J. , Harvey P. R. , Howes G. G. , Kasper J. C. , Korreck K. , Larson D. , Livi R. , MacDowall R. J. , Malaspina D. M. , Mallet A. , McManus M. D. , Page B. , Pulupa M. , Raouafi N. , Stevens M. L. , Whittlesey P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile not specifically designed as a planetary mission, NASA's Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission uses a series of Venus gravity assists (VGAs) in order to reduce its perihelion distance. These orbital maneuvers provide the opportunity for direct measurements of the Venus plasma environment at high cadence. We present first observations of kinetic scale turbulence in the Venus magnetosheath from the first two VGAs. In VGA1, PSP observed a quasi‐parallel shock, β ∼ 1 magnetosheath plasma, and a kinetic range scaling of k−2.9. VGA2 was characterized by a quasi‐perpendicular shock with β ∼ 10, and a steep k−3.4 spectral scaling. Temperature anisotropy measurements from VGA2 suggest an active mirror mode instability. Significant coherent waves are present in both encounters at sub‐ion and electron scales. Using conditioning techniques to exclude these electromagnetic wave events suggests the presence of developed sub‐ion kinetic turbulence in both magnetosheath encounters.
Statistical Characteristics in the Spectrum of Whistler Waves Near the Diffusion Region of Dayside Magnetopause Reconnection
Authors: Ren Y. , Dai L. , Wang C. , Li W. , Tao X. , Lavraud B. , Le Contel O. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data, we present a statistical analysis revealing characteristics in the frequency spectrum of whistler waves in the vicinity of the diffusion region of magnetopause reconnection. On the magnetosphere side of reconnection, whistler waves are highly centered around the 1/2 electron cyclotron frequency (Ωe). On the magnetosheath side of reconnection, whistler waves are mainly below 1/2 Ωe and peaked around 0.2 Ωe. The electron temperature anisotropy associated with the waves is evaluated. The occurrence rate of the whistler waves is large in the presence of perpendicular electron temperature anisotropy (Te⊥/Te‖ > 1). However, a large part of the whistler waves events occurs in association with parallel electron temperature anisotropy (Te⊥/Te‖ < 1) on the magnetosheath side of reconnection, reflecting a large number of the total observations with this electron condition. These results shed new lights on the whistler‐related electron kinetic processes near the reconnection diffusion region.
Is There a Tropical Response to Recent Observed Southern Ocean Cooling?
Authors: Zhang Xiyue , Deser Clara , Sun Lantao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite global warming, SSTs in the Southern Ocean (SO) have cooled in recent decades largely as a result of internal variability. The global impact of this cooling is assessed by nudging evolving SO SST anomalies to observations in an ensemble of coupled climate model simulations under historical radiative forcing, and comparing against a control ensemble. The most significant remote response to observed SO cooling is found in the tropical South Atlantic, where increased clouds and strengthened trade winds cool the sea surface, partially offsetting the radiatively forced warming trend. The SO ensemble produces a more realistic tropical South Atlantic SST trend, and exhibits a higher pattern correlation with observed SST trends in the greater Atlantic basin, compared to the control ensemble. SO cooling also produces a significant increase in Antarctic sea ice, but not enough to offset radiatively induced ice loss; thus, the SO ensemble remains biased in its sea ice trends.
Active Subaquatic Fault Segments in Lake Iznik Along the Middle Strand of the North Anatolian Fault, NW Turkey
Authors: Gastineau R. , de Sigoyer J. , Sabatier P. , Fabbri S. C. , Anselmetti F. S. , Develle A. L. , Şahin M. , Gündüz S. , Niessen F. , Gebhardt A. C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe seismic activity of the middle strand of the North Anatolian Fault (MNAF), Northwestern Turkey, is debated because of its quiescence during the instrumental period, in contrast to a significant historical activity documented by several chronicles over the last two millennia. Here, we focus on Lake Iznik, bordered by the MNAF, to get a new insight into its long‐term seismicity and its tectonic setting. The study of lacustrine sediment cores reveals 14 earthquake‐induced turbidites since their ages correspond to seismic events during the past two millennia. Bathymetry and high‐resolution seismic reflection data allow to describe two hitherto unknown subaquatic active fault structures (the South Boyalica and Iznik faults) that belong to the MNAF system. Sediment cores sampled on both sides of the Iznik Fault document an event deposit and a sedimentary unit vertically offset of ~40 cm interpreted as the last rupture during the 1065 CE destructive earthquake. Older events are supposed on this fault more than thousand years ago. Further studies will help to estimate the horizontal co‐seismic offset of this oblique‐slip fault and the calendar of older ruptures. The current seismic gap of thousand years on this segment greatly increases the seismic hazard in this region and must be considered in the seismic risk assessment of the NAF system.
Radar and Rain Gauge Data Fusion Based on Disaggregation of Radar Imagery
Authors: Benoit Lionel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRemotely sensed radar data and in situ rain gauge observations provide complementary information about rainfall. Specifically, radar data inform rainfall location and extent, while rain gauges provide accurate observations of the local rain intensity and its temporal variability. Drawing on the respective strengths of these two data sources, radar and rain gauge data fusion is becoming more and more common to derive both accurate and comprehensive rain estimates. However, combined precipitation estimates are often restricted to a resolution of 1 km in space and 1 h in time. In this paper, I propose to use radar data disaggregation to merge radar and rain gauge observations at a high space‐time resolution. To this end, a stochastic rainfall model is first trained on rain gauge observations and then combined with area‐to‐point geostatistical simulations to simultaneously: (i) disaggregate radar data, (ii) honor rain gauge observations, and (iii) reproduce local rain statistics. The proposed approach is applied to summer rain data collected in a small Alpine catchment, and data fusion provides rainfall reanalysis results at a resolution of 200 m in space and 2 min in time, including remote locations where in‐situ observation was not feasible.
Ammonia oxidation at pH 2.5 by a new gammaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacterium
Authors: Picone Nunzia , Pol Arjan , Mesman Rob , van Kessel Maartje A H J , Cremers Geert , van Gelder Antonie H , van Alen Theo A , Jetten Mike S M , Lücker Sebastian , Op den Camp Huub J M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ammonia oxidation was considered impossible under highly acidic conditions, as the protonation of ammonia leads to decreased substrate availability and formation of toxic nitrogenous compounds. Recently, some studies described archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers growing at pH as low as 4, while environmental studies observed nitrification at even lower pH values. In this work, we report on the discovery, cultivation, and physiological, genomic, and transcriptomic characterization of a novel gammaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacterium enriched via continuous bioreactor cultivation from an acidic air biofilter that was able to grow and oxidize ammonia at pH 2.5. This microorganism has a chemolithoautotrophic lifestyle, using ammonia as energy source. The observed growth rate on ammonia was 0.196 day−1, with a doubling time of 3.5 days. The strain also displayed ureolytic activity and cultivation with urea as ammonia source resulted in a growth rate of 0.104 day−1 and a doubling time of 6.7 days. A high ammonia affinity (Km(app) = 147 ± 14 nM) and high tolerance to toxic nitric oxide could represent an adaptation to acidic environments. Electron microscopic analysis showed coccoid cell morphology with a large amount of intracytoplasmic membrane stacks, typical of gammaproteobacterial ammonia oxidizers. Furthermore, genome and transcriptome analysis showed the presence and expression of diagnostic genes for nitrifiers (amoCAB, hao, nor, ure, cbbLS), but no nirK was identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this strain belonged to a novel bacterial genus, for which we propose the name “Candidatus Nitrosacidococcus tergens” sp. RJ19.