bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between parental supply of alcohol and supply from other sources to young people: a prospective cohort
Authors: Boland Veronica C. , Clare Philip J. , Yuen Wing See , Peacock Amy , Aiken Alexandra , Wadolowski Monika , Hutchinson Delyse , Najman Jackob , Slade Tim , Bruno Raimondo , McBride Nyanda , Degenhardt Louisa , Kypri Kypros , Mattick Richard P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsDespite legal age limits set for alcohol consumption, parents are one of the main suppliers of alcohol to underage minors. Although supply from non‐parental sources has been found to be associated with greater risk of harm compared with parental supply, the association between parental supply and supply from other sources is unclear. This study investigated the associations between parental supply of sips and whole serves of alcohol on subsequent other supply, conditional on current supply from non‐parental sources.MethodsData from the Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study cohort of adolescents was used. A cohort of 1927 Australian children recruited in grade 7 (mean age 12.9 years) was surveyed annually from 2010 to 2016 (94%, n = 1821 included for analyses). The primary outcome was alcohol exposure from other sources (‘other supply’), including alcohol supply from other adults, friends, siblings, or self‐supply, compared with adolescents reporting no supply from these sources. Analyses were conducted using random intercept logistic regression (to account for within‐respondent correlation).ResultsParental supply of alcohol alone was associated with increased odds of receiving alcohol from other non‐parental sources in subsequent years (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.65–2.39) after adjusting for confounders. Increased odds of subsequent other supply were associated with current parental supply of sips (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.56–2.36) and whole drinks (OR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.85–4.11).ConclusionsParental supply of alcohol appears to increase the risk of subsequent supply of alcohol from other sources in certain contexts.
Intrapartum epidural analgesia and low Apgar score among singleton infants born at term: A propensity score matched study
Authors: Ravelli Anita C. J. , Eskes Martine , de Groot Christianne J. M. , Abu‐Hanna Ameen , van der Post Joris A. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe associations of epidural analgesia and low Apgar score found in the Swedish Registry might be a result of confounding by indication. The objective of this study was to assess the possible effect of intrapartum epidural analgesia on low Apgar score and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission in term born singletons with propensity score matching.Material and methodsThis was a propensity score matched study (n = 257 872) conducted in a national cohort of 715 449 term live born singletons without congenital anomalies in the Netherlands. Mothers with prelabor cesarean section were excluded. Main outcome measures were 5‐minute Apgar score <7, 5‐minute Apgar score <4 and admission to a NICU for at least 24 hours. First, an analysis of the underlying risk factors for low Apgar score <7 was performed. Multivariable analyses were applied to assess the effect of the main risk factor, intrapartum epidural analgesia, on low Apgar score to adjust the results for confounding factors. Second, a propensity score matched analysis on the main risk factors for epidural analgesia was applied. By propensity score matching the (confounding) characteristics of the women who received epidural analgesia with the characteristics of the control women without epidural analgesia, the effect of possible confounding by indication is minimized.ResultsIntrapartum epidural analgesia was performed in 128 936 women (18%). Apgar score <7 was present in 1.0%, Apgar score <4 in .2% and NICU admission in .4% of the deliveries. The strongest risk factor for Apgar score <7 was epidural analgesia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8‐2.0). The propensity score matched adjusted analysis of women with epidural analgesia showed significant adverse neonatal outcomes: aOR 1.8 (95% CI 1.7‐1.9) for AS <7, aOR 1.6 (95% CI 1.4‐1.9) for AS <4 and aOR 1.7 (95% CI 1.6‐1.9) for NICU admission. The results of epidural analgesia on AS <7 were also significantly increased for spontaneous start of labor (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.8‐2.1) and for spontaneous delivery.ConclusionsIntrapartum epidural analgesia at term is strongly associated with low Apgar score and more NICU admissions, especially in spontaneous deliveries. This association needs further research and awareness.
Predictively consistent prior effective sample sizes
Authors: Neuenschwander Beat , Weber Sebastian , Schmidli Heinz , O'Hagan Anthony 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDetermining the sample size of an experiment can be challenging, even more so when incorporating external information via a prior distribution. Such information is increasingly used to reduce the size of the control group in randomized clinical trials. Knowing the amount of prior information, expressed as an equivalent prioreffective sample size (ESS), clearly facilitates trial designs. Various methods to obtain a prior'sESShave been proposed recently. They have been justified by the fact that they give the standardESSfor one‐parameter exponential families. However, despite being based on similar information‐based metrics, they may lead to surprisingly differentESSfor nonconjugate settings, which complicates many designs with prior information. We show that current methods fail a basic predictive consistency criterion, which requires the expected posterior‐predictiveESSfor a sample of sizeNto be the sum of the priorESSandN. Theexpected local‐information‐ratioESSis introduced and shown to be predictively consistent. It corrects theESSof current methods, as shown for normally distributed data with a heavy‐tailed Student‐t prior and exponential data with a generalized Gamma prior. Finally, two applications are discussed: the priorESSfor the control group derived from historical data and the posteriorESSfor hierarchical subgroup analyses.
Treatment of relapsed/refractory paediatric aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Moleti Maria L. , Testi Anna M. , Foà Robin 
Published: March 2020

SummaryAggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL) accounts for ≈60% of NHL in children/adolescents. In newly diagnosed Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, short intensive multiagent chemotherapy is associated with a five‐year event‐free survival of around 90%. Very few children/adolescents with aggressive B‐NHL show a relapsed/refractory (r/r) disease. The outcome is poor, with cure rates <30%, and there is no standard of care. Rituximab‐containing salvage regimens may provide a complete/partial response in 60–70% of cases. However, long‐term survival is <10% for non‐transplanted patients. Autologous or allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant is, nowadays, the best option for responding patients, with survival rates around 50%. The benefit of autologous versus allogeneic HSCT is not clear. Numerous novel therapies for r/r B‐NHL are currently being tested in adults, including next‐generation monoclonal antibodies, novel cellular therapy strategies and therapies directed against new targets. Some are under investigation also in children/adolescents, with promising preliminary results.
PGT‐A preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies and embryo selection in routine ART cycles: Time to step back?
Authors: Sciorio Romualdo , Dattilo Maurizio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmbryo aneuploidies may be responsible for implantation failures, miscarriages and affects IVF outcomes. A variety of technologies have been implemented to individuate euploid embryos in IVF treatments, which is named preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT‐A). According to this strategy, a better embryo selection should increase IVF results. In reality, several issues remain unaddressed including the sampling strategy, involving the test outcomes, and the frequent occurrence of embryo mosaicism, affecting the criteria for selection of supposed viable embryos and possibly posing an ethical dilemma. Safety issues are in place, including perinatal and postnatal consequences of embryo sampling and the epigenetic weaknesses from a prolonged in vitro culture, necessary for trophectoderm biopsy. On the other side, chromosome number mistakes are progressively recognized as physiologic events in the early pre‐implantation embryo with many corrective mechanisms in place and their destiny in the post‐implantation development is unclear. Accordingly, the increasing precision of the diagnostic tools should be used to investigate the effect of such interventions within rigorous research programs in the sake of improved clinical outcomes. Meantime the diagnosis of embryo aneuploidies in IVF cycles should be considered as a research tool and systematic implementation in clinical practice may appear unjustified.
Educational gaming for dental students: Design and assessment of a pilot endodontic‐themed escape game
Authors: Aubeux Davy , Blanchflower Nuala , Bray Estelle , Clouet Roselyne , Remaud Mathieu , Badran Zahi , Prud'homme Tony , Gaudin Alexis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe concept of escape games dedicated to dental students is a new learning experience that has not yet been extensively explored. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the impact and perceived value of an endodontic‐themed escape game as assessed by fourth‐year dental students.MethodsThis study was conducted at the University of Nantes, Faculty of Dental Surgery using a cross‐sectional pre‐ and post‐test research design to assess students' changes in performance. Students in the fourth year of dental surgery study (n = 18) were divided in four groups for this study. The answers to the pre‐test/post‐test were 50 true/false questions. Moreover, a 20‐question perception survey was given to all the participants after completion of the escape game. The study data were collected in May 2019. An unpaired t test analysed the mean differences between the groups.ResultsThe results showed a statistically significant increase in post‐test results (75.33% ± 10.17% of correct answers) compared to the pre‐test results (67.33% ± 5.94% of correct answers) P < .05. Analysis of variance revealed that this change in score was not significantly different between the four groups. The students perceived the endodontic‐themed escape game to be relevant. A one‐sample t test indicated that students' mean (SD) perception 4.4 (0.7) was statistically significantly higher than the mean value of the evaluation scale P < .001. The students found this educational game to be a useful experience that helped them recall/apply knowledge whilst promoting teamwork.ConclusionTherefore, this type of game can enhance students' learning and motivation.
Voluntary movements cause beta oscillations increase and broadband slope decrease in the subthalamic nucleus of parkinsonian patients
Authors: Belova Elena M. , Semenova Ulia , Gamaleya Anna A. , Tomskiy Alexey A. , Sedov Alexey 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPeriodic features of local field potentials (LFP) are extensively studied to establish the pathophysiological features contributing to Parkinson's disease (PD). Pathological LFP synchronization in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was assumed to link with motor signs of PD. Commonly, the association between oscillations and clinical signs is studied while the patients are at rest. However, changes in LFPs during movement may reflect particular traits of motor processing in the basal ganglia under PD. Recently, the aperiodic 1/f broadband component of LFP spectra has attracted the attention of researchers because it may provide meaningful information about the neural activity in the brain. Here, we compared LFP signals in the STN of parkinsonian patients at rest and during hand movements occasionally followed by leg movements using two approaches, one of which accounts for the aperiodic features of LFP spectra. Using both methods, a significant increase was observed in synchronization in the low beta range during sequent leg but not hand movements. For either movement, there was a significant increase in gamma range synchronization using uncorrected power spectra and a significant decrease in the slope of the aperiodic component for the 1/f‐corrected method. These findings may support the claim that the 1/f slope possibly reflects the excitatory/inhibitory projections ratio in the recording site. Only the difference in the slope correlated significantly with motor signs of PD. These data show that the slope of aperiodic component may be a useful measure that is sensitive to the specific state and its changes in the brain.
An in‐vitro mechanical strain three‐dimensional culture model: periodontal ligament cell viability, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress response
Authors: Firth Fiona A. , Milne Trudy J. , Seo Benedict , Farella Mauro 
Published: March 2020

To develop a model to investigate a potential relationship between mechanical strain, cell responses, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, primary PDL cell cultures were obtained from extracted premolars. Cells were cultured in hydrogel and subjected to 24 h of static mechanical strain, resulting in 18% dimensional substrate elongation. Cell viability, caspase‐3/7 activity, and mRNA levels for 28 genes, including unfolded protein response (UPR)‐related and mechanically responsive genes, serving as positive controls for stress induction, were examined. Compared with unstrained cultures, no difference in caspase activity was observed; however, viability responses differed between cell lines. Multiple UPR‐related genes were differentially upregulated, with marginal statistical significance, including cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 3 (CREB3L3) (mean fold‐regulation = 1.91), an adenosine monophosphate‐dependent transcription factor with roles in UPR activation and the acute inflammatory response; and the pro‐apoptotic UPR gene, endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 2 (ERN2) (mean fold‐regulation = 4.01). The observed effect on cell viability following strain with no change in caspase activity suggests that reduction in viability may be mediated via caspase‐3/7‐independent mechanisms. Three‐dimensional mechanical strain PDL cell culture models offer a method to study the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress and UPR, and provide a framework and potential UPR targets for future investigations.
Emergence of oxygen‐ and pyridoxal phosphate‐dependent reactions
Authors: Hoffarth Elesha R. , Rothchild Kristina W. , Ryan Katherine S. 
Published: March 2020

Pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP) is an organic cofactor employed by ~ 4% of enzymes. The structure of the PLP cofactor allows for the stabilization of carbanions through resonance. A small number of PLP‐dependent enzymes employ molecular oxygen as a cosubstrate. Here, we review the biological roles and possible mechanisms of these enzymes, and we observe that these enzymes are found in multiple protein families, suggesting that reaction with oxygen might have emerged de novo in several protein families and thus could be directed to emerge again through laboratory evolution experiments.
Melatonin and oxidative stress in melasma ‒ an unexplored territory; a prospective study
Authors: Sarkar Rashmi , Devadasan Shanthy , Choubey Vikrant , Goswami Binita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMelasma, an acquired disorder of hyperpigmentation, is the most common pigmentary disorder in India. Many factors are implicated in the pathogenesis, and recently the role of oxidative damage including melatonin has been postulated. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of oxidative stress and serum melatonin in pathogenesis of melasma.MethodsSeventy‐five patients with melasma and an equal number of age and sex‐matched controls were included in the study. Clinical characteristics were noted, and baseline severity assessment using modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) was done in all patients. Serum melatonin, catalase, protein carbonyl, and nitric oxide levels were measured and compared between cases and controls.ResultsThe serum levels of melatonin and catalase were significantly lower among the cases as compared to controls, while the serum levels of protein carbonyl and nitric oxide were significantly higher in cases compared to controls. There was no statistically significant correlation between these markers of oxidative stress and severity of the disease.ConclusionsOxidative stress is increased in patients with melasma compared to the control group in this study. A state of melatonin deficit also exists in patients with melasma. No correlation between the oxidative stress and severity of the disease was found. Further and larger studies including therapeutic trials with powerful antioxidants are warranted.
Temporal relationships between maternal metabolic parameters with neonatal adiposity in women with obesity differ by neonatal sex: Secondary analysis of the DALI study
Authors: Lima Rodrigo A. , Desoye Gernot , Simmons David , Devlieger Roland , Galjaard Sander , Corcoy Rosa , Adelantado Juan M. , Dunne Fidelma , Harreiter Jürgen , Kautzky‐Willer Alexandra , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. , Jensen Dorte M. , Andersen Lise‐Lotte , Tanvig Mette , Lapolla Annunziata , Dalfra Maria G. , Bertolotto Alessandra , Wender‐Ozegowska Ewa , Zawiejska Agnieszka , Hill David J. , Snoek Frank J. , Jelsma Judith G. M. , van Poppel Mireille N. M. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryObjectivesTo investigate the importance of time in pregnancy and neonatal sex on the association between maternal metabolic parameters and neonatal sum of skinfolds.MethodsThis was a longitudinal, secondary analysis of the vitamin D and lifestyle intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus study, conducted in nine European countries during 2012 to 2015. Pregnant women with a pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of ≥29 kg/m2 were invited to participate. We measured 14 maternal metabolic parameters at three times during pregnancy: <20 weeks, 24 to 28 weeks, and 35 to 37 weeks of gestation. The sum of four skinfolds assessed within 2 days after birth was the measure of neonatal adiposity.ResultsIn total, 458 mother‐infant pairs (50.2% female infants) were included. Insulin resistance (fasting insulin and HOMA‐index of insulin resistance) in early pregnancy was an important predictor for boys' sum of skinfolds, in addition to fasting glucose and maternal adiposity (leptin, BMI and neck circumference) throughout pregnancy. In girls, maternal lipids (triglycerides and fatty acids) in the first half of pregnancy were important predictors of sum of skinfolds, as well as fasting glucose in the second half of pregnancy.ConclusionsAssociations between maternal metabolic parameters and neonatal adiposity vary between different periods during pregnancy. This time‐dependency is different between sexes, suggesting different growth strategies.
Who is afraid of biosimilars? Openness to biosimilars in an Australian cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kovitwanichkanont Tom , Raghunath Sudha , Wang Dorothy , Kyi Leo , Pignataro Silvana , Morton Susan , Morand Eric , Leech Michelle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBiosimilars are increasingly adopted to improve affordability of biologics. An effective introduction of biosimilars requires an understanding of patient acceptance of these agents. We performed a cross‐sectional study of 132 patients with rheumatoid arthritis prior to the introduction of biosimilar switching or prescribing in this cohort. Despite being unfamiliar with biosimilars, most patients are willing to accept biosimilar medicines if recommended by their rheumatologist. Patient concerns about biosimilar uptake mainly focus on concerns about its efficacy. There is a significant correlation between patient attitudes towards biosimilar and generic medicines.
Predictors of short‐term mortality in patients undergoing a successful uncomplicated extraction procedure
Authors: Milman Anat , Zahavi Guy , Meitus Amit , Kariv Saar , Shafir Yuval , Glikson Michael , Luria David , Beinart Roy , Nof Eyal 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of patients with untreated cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is poor. Whether removal of all leads by a successful transvenous lead extraction (TLE) procedure changes the prognosis is unclear.ObjectiveTo identify predictors of mortality in patients with CIED infection despite successful TLE.MethodsRetrospective single‐center analysis of prospectively collected database from consecutive patients undergoing TLE at our center. Predictors for mortality were identified and a score predicting high mortality rate was calculated.ResultsA total of 371 consecutive patients underwent TLE, of whom 337 (90.8%) had complete hardware removal. Most were extracted due to infectious causes (81.3%). Approximately one‐third (35%) died during a mean follow‐up of 1056 ± 868 days. There was significantly higher mortality observed in the infectious group. Multivariate logistic regression models for infectious group only identified creatinine and albumin measurements as risk markers for 30 days mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19‐2.38; P = .003 and OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.16‐0.97; P = .039, respectively). A risk score was created based on cutoff values of creatinine ≥2md/dL (1 point) and albumin ≤3.5 g/dL (1 point). A value of 2 points predicted a 50% chance of 30‐day mortality and a 75% chance of 1‐year mortality (P < .0001 for both).ConclusionsCreatinine and albumin can be used as a combined risk score to successfully identify patients at risk of death despite undergoing a successful TLE procedure for infectious reasons. This score could help decision making when contemplating on conservative antibiotic treatment vs TLE.
Pregnancy‐associated venous insufficiency course with placental and systemic oxidative stress
Authors: Ortega Miguel A. , Romero Beatriz , Asúnsolo Ángel , Martínez‐Vivero Clara , Sainz Felipe , Bravo Coral , De León‐Luis Juan , Álvarez‐Mon Melchor , Buján Julia , García‐Honduvilla Natalio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe development of lower extremity venous insufficiency (VI) during pregnancy has been associated with placental damage. VI is associated with increased oxidative stress in venous wall. We have investigated potential disturbance/dysregulation of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in placenta and its eventual systemic effects through the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma levels in women with VI. A total of 62 women with VI and 52 healthy controls (HCs) were studied. Levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐oxidase 1 (NOX1), 2 (NOX2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial (eNOS), poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase PARP (PARP) and ERK were measured in placental tissue with immunohistochemistry and RT‐qPCR. Plasma and placental levels of MDA were determined by colorimetry at the two study times of 32 weeks of gestation and post‐partum. Protein and gene expression levels of NOX1, NOX2, iNOS, PARP and ERK were significantly increased in placentas of VI. eNOS activity was low in both study groups, and there were no significant differences in gene or protein expression levels. Women with VI showed a significant elevation of plasma MDA levels at 32 weeks of gestation, and these levels remained elevated at 32 weeks post‐partum. The MDA levels were significantly higher in placentas of women with VI. Placental damage that was found in the women with VI was characterized by overexpression of oxidative stress markers NOX1, NOX2, and iNOS, as well as PARP and ERK. Pregnant women with VI showed systemic increases in oxidative stress markers such as plasma MDA levels. The foetuses of women with VI had a significant decrease in their venous pH as compared to those from HC women. The situation of oxidative stress and cellular damage created in the placenta is in coexpression with the production of a pH acidification.