bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Farm to Kitchen: How Gender Affects Production Diversity and the Dietary Intake of Farm Households in Ethiopia
Authors: Argaw Thomas Lemma , Phimister Euan , Roberts Deborah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMalnutrition in farm households remains a significant problem in many developing countries and is linked to a lack of diversity in diets. We explore how gender differences might affect household dietary diversity using the LSMS‐ISA Ethiopia panel dataset. Drawing on a farm household framework, nonlinear panel models are estimated allowing for unobserved heterogeneity and production endogeneity using a control function. We use decomposition techniques to identify the impact of different potential sources of gender difference in dietary diversity. Our results provide evidence of significant gender effects in production diversity and in dietary diversity using the food variety score (FVS). For other indicators of dietary diversity, the evidence of gender effects is weaker. The decomposition results suggest that, after controlling for differences in characteristics, female‐headed households are at a dietary diversity disadvantage. Gender differences in the relationship between production diversity, price and income and dietary diversity and the production diversity decisions appear to be the main drivers. The results also suggest that female preferences are more orientated towards ensuring greater dietary diversity in the household. Our evidence also suggests that a key driver of gender disadvantage in dietary diversity is related to whether food is sourced from the household’s own production or the market. This implies that part of the observed negative gender impact on dietary diversity may stem from differences in marketing and storage of own production through the year.
Forensic determination of hair deposition time in crime scenes using electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Shankar Nikhita , Guimarães André O. , Napoli Eleonora , Giulivi Cecilia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral types of biological samples, including hair strands, are found at crime scenes. Apart from the identification of the value and the contributor of the probative evidence, it is important to prove that the time of shedding of hair belonging to a suspect or victim matches the crime window. To this end, to estimate the ex vivo aging of hair, we evaluated time‐dependent changes in melanin‐derived free radicals in blond, brown, and black hairs by using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Hair strands aged under controlled conditions (humidity 40%, temperature 20–22°C, indirect light, with 12/12 hour of light/darkness cycles) showed a time‐dependent decay of melanin‐derived radicals. The half‐life of eumelanin‐derived radicals in hair under our experimental settings was estimated at 22 ± 2 days whereas that of pheomelanin was about 2 days suggesting better stabilization of unpaired electrons by eumelanin. Taken together, this study provides a reference for future forensic studies on determination of degradation of shed hair in a crime scene by following eumelanin radicals by utilizing the non‐invasive, non‐destructive, and highly specific EPR technique.
A forensic examination of four popular cross‐platform file‐sharing apps with Wi‐Fi P2P
Authors: Teng Szu‐Yuan , Wen Che‐Yen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFile‐sharing apps with Wi‐Fi hotspot or Wi‐Fi Direct functions become more popular. They can work on multiple platforms and allow users to transfer files in a concealed manner. However, when criminals use these apps in illegal activities, it becomes an important issue for investigators to find digital evidence on multiple platforms. At present, there are few studies on this topic, and most of them are limited to the single platform problem. In this paper, we propose a forensic examination method for four popular cross‐platform file‐sharing apps with Wi‐Fi hotspot and Wi‐Fi Direct functions: Zapya, SHAREit, Xender, and Feem. We use 22 static and live forensic tools for 11 platforms to acquire, analyze, and classify the forensic artifacts. In our experiments, we find many useful forensic artifacts and classify them into six categories. The experimental results can support law enforcement investigations of digital evidence and provide information for future studies on other cross‐platform file‐sharing apps.
Displaying emergency patient estimated wait times: A multi‐centre, qualitative study of patient, community, paramedic and health administrator perspectives
Authors: Walker Katie , Stephenson Melanie , Loupis Anne , Ben‐Meir Michael , Joe Keith , Stephenson Michael , Lowthian Judy , Yip Beatrice , Wu Elena , Hansen Kim , Rosler Rachel , Buntine Paul , Hutton Jennie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveEDs have the potential ability to predict patient wait times and to display this to patients and other stakeholders. Little is known about whether consumers and stakeholders would want this information and how wait time predictions might be used. The aim of the present study was to gain perspectives from consumers and health services personnel regarding the concept of emergency wait time visibility.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative interview and focus group study in 2019. Participants included emergency medicine patients, families, paramedics, well community members, and hospital/paramedic administrators from multiple EDs and organisations in Victoria, Australia. Transcripts were coded and themes presented.ResultsOne focus group and 103 semi‐structured interviews were conducted in 2019 including 32 patients, 22 carers/advocates and 21 paramedics in the ED; 20 health service administrators (paramedic and hospital) and 15 community members. Consumers and paramedics face physical and psychological difficulties when wait times are not visible. Consumers believe about a 2‐h wait is tolerable, beyond this most begin to consider alternative strategies for seeking care. Consumers want to see triage to doctor times; paramedics want door‐to‐off stretcher times (for all possible transport destinations); with 47 of 50 consumers and 30 of 31 paramedics potentially using this information. About 28 of 50 consumers would use times to inform facility or provider choice, another 19 of 50 want information once in the waiting room. During prolonged waits, 51 of 52 consumers would continue to seek care.ConclusionsConsumers and paramedics want wait time information visibility. They would use the information in a variety of ways, both pre‐hospital and while waiting for care.
Effect of processing conditions as high‐intensity ultrasound, agitation, and cooling temperature on the physical properties of a low saturated fat
Authors: da Silva Thais Lomonaco Teodoro , Danthine Sabine , Martini Silvana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect that agitation rate, crystallization temperature, and sonication have on the physical properties of a soybean‐based fat with low levels of saturated fatty acids crystallized in a scraped surface heat exchanger (SSHE). The sample was crystallized at two temperatures (20 and 25 °C) and agitation rates (344/208 rpm in the barrels/pin worker‐high agitation HA and 185/71 rpm barrels/pin worker‐low agitation LA), and a constant flow of 11 L/hr. High‐intensity ultrasound (HIU – 12.7 mm‐diameter tip, 50% amplitude, 5 s pulses) was coupled to a water jacketed flow‐cell and placed at three different positions within the SSHE. The combination of all those parameters affected samples’ physical properties. Higher oil binding capacity (OBC) and elasticity (G’) were obtained at 20 °C compared to 25 °C (77% vs. 63.78% for OBC and 30.4 kPa vs. 6 kPa for G’, respectively) due to the smaller crystals formed at 20 °C. Fewer or no differences were observed due to agitation alone, but LA conditions allowed for more secondary nucleation to form due to sonication and resulted in a higher improvement on the properties of the fat.Practical ApplicationFat crystallization in a scrapped surface heat exchanger (SSHE) combined with a high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) gives a realistic idea of how the HIU would work in an industrial line under continuous flow, shaved shear, and different supercooling. Results from this research will provide industry with tools on how and where to incorporate HIU in their processing line. Moreover, will give information on how to combined crystallization conditions and sonocrystallization in order to obtain improved physical properties.
Determination of the main naphthoquinones in Onosma hookeri Clarke. var. longiforum Duthie and its optimization of the ultrasound‐assisted extraction using response surface methodology
Authors: Wu Qiang , Er‐bu Aga , Liang Xiaoxia , Luan Shangxian , He Changliang , Yin Lizi , Yin Zhongqiong , Zou Yuanfeng , Li Lixia , Song Xu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, besides isovaleryl shikonin, another shikonin derivative, tigloylshikonin, was also isolated from the roots of Onosma hookeri Clarke. var. longiforum Duthie as a main naphthoquinone constituent for the first time. Then optimization of the ultrasonic‐assisted extraction was done by Box–Behnken design–response surface methodology on the basis of single‐factor experiments. The optimized conditions were 72% (v/v) ethanol and the material to solution ratio was 1:37(g/mL) at 52 °C for 77 min. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of ethanol extract was 36.74 ± 0.32%, the contents of isovaleryl shikonin and tigloylshikonin reached 0.094 ± 0.003% and 0.223 ± 0.006%, respectively. Notably, in that optimized condition, the yield of isovaleryl shikonin increased by approximately 7.64‐fold than the previous report. In the in vitro antioxidant activity assay, the optimal ethanol extract exhibited similar 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity as butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), but slightly weaker 2,2'‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS) scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity than that of BHT. However, the active polar fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction, which is enriched with naphthoquinone constituents, performs as a better antioxidant agent than BHT. Therefore, both of them could be considered as a naturally sourced antioxidants compared to commercially available synthetic drugs.Practical ApplicationOnosma hookeri Clarke. var. longiforum Duthie, a traditional Chinese medicine and food item, has been in use since a long time. A systematic determination of the main naphthoquinones, and antioxidant capacity of the naphthoquinones‐enriched ethanol extract and different polar fractions, was carried out in the present study. The results may provide theoretical basis for the claim that naphthoquinones‐enriched ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction from the roots of Onosma hookeri Clarke. var. longiforum Duthie could be used as potential natural antioxidants in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
Refined Shortest Paths (RSP): Incorporation of topography in space use estimation from node‐based telemetry data
Authors: Niella Yuri , Flávio Hugo , Smoothey Amy F. , Aarestrup Kim , Taylor Matthew D. , Peddemors Victor M. , Harcourt Robert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Acoustic telemetry enables spatial ecologists to collect movement data from a variety of aquatic species. In estuaries and rivers, accounting for the complex shape of water bodies is challenging. Current methods for analysing utilization distributions (UDs) are restricted to using the locations of receivers where animals have been detected, which limits the information available to estimate movement paths.

We present a new r package (RSP—Refined Shortest Paths) for analysing the movements of animals tracked with acoustic transmitters in environments constrained by landmasses. The method estimates the shortest in water locations of monitored animals between pairs of detections using least‐cost path analysis. It then applies dynamic Brownian Bridge Movement Models to calculate UD areas. Intra‐ and interspecific overlaps in space and time are calculated and can be used, for example, to investigate potential influencing environmental factors.

Tracks refined with RSP follow the estuary shape, yielding substantially longer, but more realistic travel distances. Showcased examples demonstrate how RSP can be used to analyse intra‐ and interspecific movement patterns; determine similarities in habitat use; identify the environmental conditions responsible for influencing the size of the space use areas; and assess levels of spatial overlap between different species.

The RSP toolkit generates more realistic movements of tracked animals than those derived using receiver locations alone. An incidental benefit is its ability to deal with receiver loss, a common problem in acoustic telemetry studies. The analysis can be readily customized to suit different study species, array configurations and habitat shapes.
Physiological mechanism and spatial distribution of increased alveolar dead‐space in early ARDS: An experimental study
Authors: Beda Alessandro , Winkler Tilo , Wellman Tyler J. , De Prost Nicolas , Tucci Mauro , Vidal Melo Marcos F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate the physiological mechanism and spatial distribution of increased physiological dead‐space, an early marker of ARDS mortality, in the initial stages of ARDS. We hypothesized that: increased dead‐space results from the spatial redistribution of pulmonary perfusion, not ventilation; such redistribution is not related to thromboembolism (ie, areas with perfusion = 0 and infinite ventilation‐perfusion ratio, ), but rather to moderate shifts of perfusion increasing in non‐dependent regions.MethodsFive healthy anesthetized sheep received protective ventilation for 20 hours, while endotoxin was continuously infused. Maps of voxel‐level lung ventilation, perfusion, , CO2 partial pressures, and alveolar dead‐space fraction were estimated from positron emission tomography at baseline and 20 hours.ResultsAlveolar dead‐space fraction increased during the 20 hours (+0.05, P = .031), mainly in non‐dependent regions (+0.03, P = .031). This was mediated by perfusion redistribution away from non‐dependent regions (−5.9%, P = .031), while the spatial distribution of ventilation did not change, resulting in increased in non‐dependent regions. The increased alveolar dead‐space derived mostly from areas with intermediate (0.5≤≤10), not areas of nearly “complete” dead‐space (>10).ConclusionsIn this early ARDS model, increases in alveolar dead‐space occur within 20 hours due to the regional redistribution of perfusion and not ventilation. This moderate redistribution suggests changes in the interplay between active and passive perfusion redistribution mechanisms (including hypoxic vasoconstriction and gravitational effects), not the appearance of thromboembolism. Hence, the association between mortality and increased dead‐space possibly arises from the former, reflecting gas‐exchange inefficiency due to perfusion heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity results from the injury and exhaustion of compensatory mechanisms for perfusion redistribution.
Identification of the Physiologically Difficult Airway in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Dean Preston N. , Hoehn Erin F. , Geis Gary L. , Frey Mary E. , Cabrera‐Thurman Mary K. , Kerrey Benjamin T. , Zhang Yin , Stalets Erika L. , Zackoff Matthew W. , Maxwell Andrea R. , Pham Tena M. , Lautz Andrew J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe risk factors for peri‐intubation cardiac arrest in critically ill children are incompletely understood. The study objective was to derive physiologic risk factors for deterioration during tracheal intubation in a pediatric emergency department (PED).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing emergency tracheal intubation in a PED. Using the published literature and expert opinion, a multidisciplinary team developed high‐risk criteria for peri‐intubation arrest: 1) hypotension, 2) concern for cardiac dysfunction, 3) persistent hypoxemia, 4) severe metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.1), 5) post–return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and 6) status asthmaticus. We completed a structured review of the electronic health record for a historical cohort of patients intubated in the PED. The primary outcome was peri‐intubation arrest. Secondary outcomes included tracheal intubation success rate, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) activation, and in‐hospital mortality. We compared outcomes between patients meeting one or more versus no high‐risk criteria.ResultsPeri‐intubation cardiac arrest occurred in 5.6% of patients who met at least one high‐risk criterion compared to 0% in patients meeting none (5.6% difference, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0 to 18.1, p = 0.028). Patients meeting at least one criterion had higher rates of any postintubation cardiac arrest in the PED (11.1% vs. 0%, 11.1% difference, 95% CI = 4.1 to 25.3, p = 0.0007), in‐hospital mortality (25% vs. 2.3%, 22.7% difference, 95% CI = 11.0 to 38.9, p < 0.0001), ECMO activation (8.3% vs. 0%, 8.3% difference, 95% CI = 2.5 to 21.8, p = 0.004), and lower likelihood of first‐pass intubation success (47.2% vs. 66.1%, −18.9% difference, 95% CI = −35.5 to −1.5, p = 0.038), respectively.ConclusionsWe have developed criteria that successfully identify physiologically difficult airways in the PED. Children with hypotension, persistent hypoxemia, concern for cardiac dysfunction, severe metabolic acidosis, status asthmaticus or who are post‐ROSC are at higher risk for peri‐intubation cardiac arrest and in‐hospital mortality. Further multicenter investigation is needed to validate our findings.
Combined approaches to reveal genes associated with litter size in Yunshang black goats
Authors: Tao L. , He X. Y. , Jiang Y. T. , Lan R. , Li M. , Li Z. M. , Yang W. F. , Hong Q. H. , Chu M. X. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIntensive artificial selection has been imposed in Yunshang black goats, the first black specialist mutton goat breed in China, with a breeding object of improving reproductive performance, which has contributed to reshaping of the genome including the characterization of SNP, ROH and haplotype. However, variation in reproductive ability exists in the present population. A WGS was implemented in two subpopulations (polytocous group, PG, and monotocous group, MG) with evident differences of litter size. Following the mapping to reference genome, and SNP calling and pruning, three approaches – GWAS, ROH analysis and detection of signatures of selection – were employed to unveil candidate genes responsible for litter size. Consequently, 12 candidate genes containing OSBPL8 with the minimum P‐value were uncovered by GWAS. Differences were observed in the pattern of ROH between two subpopulations that shared similar low inbreeding coefficients. Two ROH hotspots and 12 corresponding genes emerged from ROH pool association analysis. Based on the nSL statistic, 15 and 61 promising genes were disclosed under selection for MG and PG respectively. Of them, some promising genes participate in ovarian function (PPP2R5C, CDC25A, ESR1, RPS26 and SERPINBs), seasonal reproduction (DIO3, BTG1 and CRYM) and metabolism (OSBPL8, SLC39A5 and SERPINBs). Our study pinpointed some novel promising genes influencing litter size, provided a comprehensive insight into genetic makeup of litter size and might facilitate selective breeding in goats.
ARSB gene variants causing Mucopolysaccharidosis VI in Miniature Pinscher and Miniature Schnauzer dogs
Authors: Raj K. , Berman‐Booty L. , Foureman P. , Giger U. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryMucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of N‐acetylgalactosamine‐4‐sulfatase, also called arylsulfatase B (ARSB, EC 3.1.6.12). Dogs with MPS VI show progressive predominantly oculoskeletal signs homologous to those in human and feline patients. We report herein two pathogenic ARSB gene variants in Miniature Pinscher and Miniature Schnauzer dogs with MPS VI and a genotyping survey in these breeds. All exons and adjacent regions of the ARSB gene were sequenced from three affected Miniature Pinschers and three affected Miniature Schnauzers. Allelic discrimination assays were used for genotyping. A missense variant (NM_001048133.1:c.910G>A) was found in exon 5 of MPS VI‐affected Miniature Pinschers that is predicted to result in a deleterious amino acid substitution of a highly conserved glycine to arginine (NP_001041598.1:p.Gly304Arg). In MPS VI‐affected Miniature Schnauzers, a 56 bp deletion (NM_001048133.1:c.‐24_32del) was found at the junction of exon 1 and its upstream region, predicting no enzyme synthesis. All clinically affected Miniature Pinschers and Miniature Schnauzers were homozygous for the respective variants, and screened healthy dogs in each breed were either heterozygous or homozygous for the wt allele. Whereas the Miniature Pinscher variant seemed to occur commonly (0.133 allele frequency), the Miniature Schnauzer variant was presumed to be rare. In conclusion, two breed‐specific pathogenic ARSB gene variants were identified in Miniature Pinscher and Miniature Schnauzer dogs with MPS VI, allowing for genotyping and informed breeding to prevent the production of affected offspring.
Interpretative characteristics and case features associated with the performances of radiologists in reading mammograms: A study from a non‐screening population in Asia
Authors: Trieu Phuong Dung (Yun) , Puslednik Louise , Colley Brooke , Brennan Anna , Rodriguez Veruska Cediel , Cook Nicholas , Dean Kaitlin , Dryburgh Sarah , Lowe Hayden , Mahon Charlotte , McGowan Saxon , O'Brien Joshua , Moog William , Whale Jorja , Wong Dennis , Li Tong , Brennan Patrick C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore radiologist characteristics and case features associated with diagnostic performances in cancer detection on mammograms in a South East Asian population.MethodsFifty‐three radiologists reported 60 mammographic examinations which consisted of 40 normal and 20 cancer‐containing cases at the BREAST workshops. Radiologists were asked to examine each mammogram using the BIRADS on diagnostic monitors. Differences in reader characteristics and case features between correct and incorrect decisions were assessed separately for cancer and normal cases. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to generate odds ratios (OR) for significant factors related to correct decisions.ResultsRadiologists who spent ≥10 hours/week reporting mammograms had a higher possibility of detecting cancer lesions (OR = 1.6; P = 0.01). A higher rate of accuracy in reporting negative cases was associated with female radiologists (OR = 1.4; P = 0.002), radiologists who read ≤20 mammograms per week (OR = 1.5; P < 0.0001), had completed training course (OR = 1.7; P < 0.0001) or wore eyeglasses (OR = 1.4; P = 0.01).Cancer cases with breast density >50% (OR = 2.1; P < 0.0001), having abnormal lesions ≥9 mm (OR = 1.8; P < 0.0001), or displaying calcifications, a discrete mass or nonspecific density (OR = 1.6; P < 0.0001) were recorded with a higher detection rate by radiologists than other cases.Lesions located on the right breasts (OR = 1.8; P < 0.0001) or found in the lower inner, upper outer or mixed locations (OR = 2.7; P < 0.0001) were also recorded with a better diagnostic possibility compared with other lesions.ConclusionThis work identified key features related to diagnostic accuracy of breast cancer on mammograms in a nonscreening population, which is helpful for developing appropriate strategies to improve breast cancer detectability of radiologists.