bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supervisees’ reactions to a concatenation of supervisors’ resource drain, ego depletion and abusive supervision
Authors: Malik Annam Hanif , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Ul Haq Mian Imran 
Published: July 2020

PurposeWhile integrating resource drain theory with ego depletion theory, this paper aims to understand the mechanism underlying the relationship between research supervisors’ interrole conflicts and their supervisees’ reactions. Specifically, this paper makes a case for supervisors’ ego depletion and supervisees’ perception of abusive supervision to mediate the relationship between supervisors’ work and family conflicts and supervisees’ satisfaction with research supervision.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses data collected in three waves from 306 research supervisees (Level 1) nested in 100 research supervisors (Level 2), involved in MS/PhD research theses at different Pakistani universities.FindingsBased on multilevel modeling, the study finds that supervisors’ interrole conflicts negatively predict supervisees’ satisfaction with supervision. Moreover, supervisors’ ego depletion and supervisees’ perception of abusive supervision mediate the above relationship, both singly and serially. Notably, supervisors’ family–work conflict predicts supervisees’ satisfaction with supervision more negatively than work–family conflict.Originality/valueThis study is unique in that unlike previous research studies on abusive supervision which used victimization approach the present study uses the perpetration approach.
A generalized framework for AMOVA with multiple hierarchies and ploidies
Authors: HUANG Kang , WANG Tiantian , DUNN Derek W. , ZHANG Pei , SUN Hongjuan , LI Baoguo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) is a widely used statistical method in population genetics and molecular ecology. The classic framework of AMOVA only supports haploid and diploid data, in which the number of hierarchies ranges from two to four. In practice, natural populations can be classified into more hierarchies, and polyploidy is frequently observed in extant species. The ploidy level may even vary within the same species, and/or within the same individual. We generalized the framework of AMOVA such that it can be used for any number of hierarchies and any level of ploidy. Based on this framework, we present four methods to account for data that are multilocus genotypic and allelic phenotypic (with unknown allele dosage). We use simulated datasets and an empirical dataset to evaluate the performance of our framework. We make freely available our methods in a new software package, polygene, which is freely available at https://github.com/huangkang1987/polygene.
Development of an App to Facilitate Communication and Shared Decision‐making With Parents of Febrile Infants ≤ 60 Days Old
Authors: Aronson Paul L. , Politi Mary C. , Schaeffer Paula , Fleischer Eduardo , Shapiro Eugene D. , Niccolai Linda M. , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Bernstein Steven L. , Fraenkel Liana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to develop and test a tool to engage parents of febrile infants ≤ 60 days of age evaluated in the emergency department (ED). The tool was designed to improve communication for all parents and to support shared decision‐making (SDM) about whether to perform a lumbar puncture (LP) for infants 29 to 60 days of age.MethodsWe conducted a multiphase development and testing process: 1) individual, semistructured interviews with parents and clinicians (pediatric and general emergency medicine [EM] physicians and pediatric EM nurses) to learn their preferences for a communication and SDM tool; 2) design of a “storyboard” of the tool with design impression testing; 3) development of a software application (i.e., app) prototype, called e‐Care; and 4) usability testing of e‐Care, using qualitative assessment and the system usability scale (SUS).ResultsWe interviewed 27 parents and 23 clinicians. Interviews revealed several themes, including that a communication tool should augment but not replace verbal communication; a Web‐based format was preferred; and information about infections and testing, including the rationales for specific tests, would be valuable. We then developed separate versions of e‐Care for infants ≤ 28 days and 29 to 60 days of age, in both English and Spanish. The e‐Care app includes four sections: 1) homepage; 2) why testing is done; 3) what tests are done; and 4) what happens after testing, including a table for parents of infants 29 to 60 days of age to compare the risks/benefits of LP in preparation for an SDM conversation. Parents and clinicians reported that e‐Care was understandable and helpful. The mean SUS score was 90.3 (95% confidence interval = 84 to 96.6), representing “excellent” usability.ConclusionsThe e‐Care app is a useable and understandable tool to support communication and SDM with parents of febrile infants ≤ 60 days of age in the ED.
Prevalence and correlates of receipt by smokers of general practitioner advice on smoking cessation in England: a cross‐sectional survey of adults
Authors: Jackson Sarah E. , Garnett Claire , Brown Jamie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsAdvice from a general practitioner (GP) can encourage smokers to quit. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of receipt of GP advice on smoking, what type of advice and support was offered and characteristics and quitting activity associated with different types of advice.Design/settingData were collected between 2016 and 2019 in a series of monthly cross‐sectional surveys of representative samples of the adult population in England.ParticipantsA total of 11 588 past‐year smokers.MeasurementsParticipants reported whether they had received advice or offer of support for smoking cessation from their GP in the last year. Socio‐demographic and behavioural characteristics and past‐year quit attempts and cessation were also recorded.FindingsOne in two [47.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 46.1–48.3%] past‐year smokers who reported visiting their GP in the last year recalled receiving advice on smoking, and one in three (30.1%, 95% CI = 29.1–31.1%) reported being offered cessation support. The most common form of support offered was stop smoking services (16.5%, 95% CI = 15.7–17.3%) followed by prescription medication (8.1%, 95% CI = 7.5–8.7%); 3.7% (95% CI = 3.3–4.1%) reported having been recommended to use e‐cigarettes. Smokers who were older, non‐white, more addicted, and smoked five or more cigarettes/day had consistently higher odds of receiving advice or support. There were some differences by region, housing tenure, presence of children in the home and high‐risk drinking in the types of advice/support received. There were no significant differences by sex, occupational social grade, disability, type of cigarettes smoked, or survey year. Advice with any offer of support was associated with higher odds of attempting to quit than advice alone [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.30–1.76]. Advice alone was associated with higher odds of quit attempts than no advice in smokers with higher (ORadj = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.10–1.64) but not lower occupational social grade (ORadj = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.75–1.08).ConclusionsIn England, a minority of smokers receive support from their GP to stop smoking. Those who do are more likely to be older, non‐white and more addicted to cigarettes. Advice plus offer of support appears to be associated with increased odds of making a quit attempt, while advice without offer of support appears only to be associated with increased odds of making a quit attempt in higher occupational social grade smokers.
Dual‐trajectories of opioid and gabapentinoid use and risk of subsequent drug overdose among Medicare beneficiaries in the United States: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhou Lili , Bhattacharjee Sandipan , Kwoh C. Kent , Tighe Patrick J. , Reisfield Gary M. , Malone Daniel C. , Slack Marion , Wilson Debbie L. , Chang Ching‐Yuan , Lo‐Ciganic Wei‐Hsuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsLittle is known about opioid and gabapentinoid (OPI‐GABA) use duration and dose patterns’ associations with adverse outcome risks. We examined associations between OPI‐GABA dose and duration trajectories and subsequent drug overdose.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUS Medicare.ParticipantsUsing a 5% sample (2011–16), we identified 71 005 fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries with fibromyalgia, low back pain, neuropathy and/or osteoarthritis initiating OPIs and/or GABAs [mean age ± standard deviation (SD) = 65.5 ± 14.5 years, female = 68.1%, white = 76.8%].MeasurementsGroup‐based multi‐trajectory models identified distinct OPI‐GABA use patterns during the year of OPI and/or GABA initiation, based on weekly average standardized daily dose (i.e. OPIs = morphine milligram equivalent, GABAs = minimum effective daily dose). We estimated models with three to 12 trajectories and selected the best model based on Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and Nagin's criteria. We estimated risk of time to first drug overdose diagnosis within 12 months following the index year, adjusting for socio‐demographic and health factors using inverse probability of treatment weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.FindingsWe identified 10 distinct trajectories (BIC = –1 176 954; OPI‐only = 3, GABA‐only = 3, OPI‐GABA = 4). Compared with OPI‐only early discontinuers (40.6% of the cohort), 1‐year drug overdose risk varied by trajectory group: consistent low‐dose OPI‐only users [16.6%; hazard ratio (HR) = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–1.82], consistent high‐dose OPI‐only users (1.8%; HR = 4.57, 95% CI = 2.99–6.98), GABA‐only early discontinuers (12.5%; HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.09–1.77), consistent low‐dose GABA‐only users (11.0%; HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.12–1.85), consistent high‐dose GABA‐only users (3.1%; HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.94–2.17), early discontinuation of OPIs and consistent low‐dose GABA users (6.9%; HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.90–1.69), consistent low‐dose OPI‐GABA users (3.4%; HR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.76–3.52), consistent low‐dose OPI and high‐dose GABA users (3.2%; HR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.71–3.53) and consistent high‐dose OPI and moderate‐dose GABA users (0.9%; HR = 7.22, 95% CI = 4.46–11.69).ConclusionsRisk of drug overdose varied substantially among US Medicare beneficiaries on different use trajectories of opioids and gabapentinoids. High‐dose opioid‐only users and all consistent opioid and gabapentinoid users (regardless of doses) had more than double the risk of subsequent drug overdose compared with opioid‐only early discontinuers.
Brefeldin A inhibits clathrin‐dependent endocytosis and ion transport in Chara internodal cells
Authors: Foissner Ilse , Hoeftberger Margit , Hoepflinger Marion C. , Sommer Aniela , Bulychev Alexander A. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe Characeae are multicellular green algae, which are closely related to higher plants. Their internodal cells are a convenient model to study membrane transport and organelle interactions.ResultsIn this study, we report on the effect of brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of vesicle trafficking, on internodal cells of Chara australis. BFA induced the commonly observed agglomeration of Golgi bodies and trans Golgi network into ‘brefeldin compartments’ at concentrations between 6 and 500 μM and within 30–120 min treatment. In contrast to most other cells, however, BFA inhibited endocytosis and significantly decreased the number of clathrin‐coated pits and clathrin‐coated vesicles at the plasma membrane. BFA did not inhibit secretion of organelles at wounds induced by puncturing or local light damage but prevented the formation of cellulosic wound walls probably because of insufficient membrane recycling. We also found that BFA inhibited the formation of alkaline and acid regions along the cell surface (‘pH banding pattern’) which facilitates carbon uptake required for photosynthesis; we hypothesise that this is due to insufficient recycling of ion transporters. During long‐term treatments over several days, BFA delayed the formation of complex 3D plasma membranes (charasomes). Interestingly, BFA had no detectable effect on clathrin‐dependent charasome degradation. Protein sequence analysis suggests that the peculiar effects of BFA in Chara internodal cells are due to a mutation in the guanine‐nucleotide exchange factor GNOM required for recruitment of membrane coats via activation of ADP‐ribosylation factor proteins.Conclusions and SignificanceThis work provides an overview on the effects of BFA on different processes in C. australis. It revealed similarities but also distinct differences in vesicle trafficking between higher plant and algal cells. It shows that characean internodal cells are a promising model to study interactions between seemingly distant metabolic pathways.
Effective ecosystem monitoring requires a multi‐scaled approach
Authors: Sparrow Ben D. , Edwards Will , Munroe Samantha E.M. , Wardle Glenda M. , Guerin Greg R. , Bastin Jean‐Francois , Morris Beryl , Christensen Rebekah , Phinn Stuart , Lowe Andrew J. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTEcosystem monitoring is fundamental to our understanding of how ecosystem change is impacting our natural resources and is vital for developing evidence‐based policy and management. However, the different types of ecosystem monitoring, along with their recommended applications, are often poorly understood and contentious. Varying definitions and strict adherence to a specific monitoring type can inhibit effective ecosystem monitoring, leading to poor program development, implementation and outcomes. In an effort to develop a more consistent and clear understanding of ecosystem monitoring programs, we here review the main types of monitoring and recommend the widespread adoption of three classifications of monitoring, namely, targeted, surveillance and landscape monitoring. Landscape monitoring is conducted over large areas, provides spatial data, and enables questions relating to where and when ecosystem change is occurring to be addressed. Surveillance monitoring uses standardised field methods to inform on what is changing in our environments and the direction and magnitude of that change, whilst targeted monitoring is designed around testable hypotheses over defined areas and is the best approach for determining the causes of ecosystem change. The classification system is flexible and can incorporate different interests, objectives, targets and characteristics as well as different spatial scales and temporal frequencies, while also providing valuable structure and consistency across distinct ecosystem monitoring programs. To support our argument, we examine the ability of each monitoring type to inform on six key types of questions that are routinely posed for ecosystem monitoring programs, such as where and when change is occurring, what is the magnitude of change, and how can the change be managed? As we demonstrate, each type of ecosystem monitoring has its own strengths and weaknesses, which should be carefully considered relative to the desired results. Using this scheme, scientists and land managers can design programs best suited to their needs. Finally, we assert that for our most serious environmental challenges, it is essential that we include information from each of these monitoring scales to inform on all facets of ecosystem change, and this is best achieved through close collaboration between the scales. With a renewed understanding of the importance of each monitoring type, along with greater commitment to monitor cooperatively, we will be well placed to address some of our greatest environmental challenges.
Strength prediction of paste filling material based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Cheng Haigen , Hu Junjian , Hu Chen , Deng Fangming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe common backfill mining technology in the green mining industry can be used for the secondary utilization of construction waste in smart cities. This measure has the advantages of low cost, fast results, and less environmental pollution. Over the past few decades, with the continuous advancement of global urbanization, the effective and environmentally friendly construction waste disposal and emission are very important for the development of urban green construction. Construction waste can be prepared as paste filling material, as one of the raw materials for backfill mining. This paper proposes a new method that can quickly and accurately predict the strength of paste filling materials with different compositions. A deep connected convolutional neural network (CNN) that can extract input parameters is used to build a prediction model. The coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and cementing material are employed as the input variables of the CNN model, and five indicators which are generally used to evaluate the strength of filling material are selected as the output results. The experimental results show that the proposed prediction approach can obtain robust prediction results and high prediction accuracy and speed.
Verification of differentially expressed genes in relation to hydrostatic pressure in the brain of two wrasse species with high‐tide preference in spawning
Authors: Udagawa Shingo , Hur Sung‐Pyo , Byun Jun‐Hwan , Takekata Hiroki , Takeuchi Yuki , Takemura Akihiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFish that inhabit shallow water are exposed to periodic changes in tidal cues, including hydrostatic pressure (HP). The present study aimed at verifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the brain of the threespot wrasse Halichoeres trimaculatus (tropical species) and the honbera wrasse Halichoeres tenuispinis (temperate species), both of which were exposed to HP at 30 kPa (possible high‐tide stimuli in the field) or 1 kPa (low tide) for 3 or 6 h. A de novo assembly yielded 174,710 contigs (63,530 contigs were annotated) from the brain of threespot wrasse. Following RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR confirmed DEGs that were upregulated [AT atypical cadherin 2 (FAT2)] and downregulated [neuronal leucine‐rich repeat protein 3 (LRRN3), dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation‐regulated kinase 1 (DYRK), mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1) and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)]. The effect of HP on the transcription of these DEGs (except for MAP2K1) disappeared within 6 h, suggesting that HP is a transitory stimulus occurring at the beginning of the tidal cycle. Similar DEG transcription was observed in the brain of honbera wrasse maintained under HP for 6 h. In situ hybridization of the brain of the threespot wrasse revealed that strong signals of MPA2K1 were seen in the telencephalon, diencephalon and pituitary, whereas those of PI3K were seen in the telencephalon, diencephalon and medulla oblongata. This result suggests that these kinases are involved in sensory function (telencephalon), somatic and visceral function (medullar oblongata) and the neuroendocrine system (diencephalon and pituitary), all of which were related to changes in HP stimuli. Following HP exposure, the transcription of c‐fos increased in the pituitary of honbera wrasse, suggesting that external stimuli directly or indirectly activate hormone synthesis at the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. It is concluded that HP alters gene expression in relation to neural development and function in the central nervous system and plays a role in exerting tidal‐related reproduction and feeding in wrasses.
Three‐finger proteins from snakes and humans acting on nicotinic receptors: Old and new
Authors: Tsetlin Victor I. , Kasheverov Igor E. , Utkin Yuri N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe first toxin to give rise to the three‐finger protein (TFP) family was α‐bungarotoxin (α‐Bgt) from Bungarus multicinctus krait venom. α‐Bgt was crucial for research on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and in this Review article we focus on present data for snake venom TFPs and those of the Ly6/uPAR family from mammalians (membrane‐bound Lynx1 and secreted SLURP‐1) interacting with nAChRs. Recently isolated from Bungarus candidus venom, αδ‐bungarotoxins differ from α‐Bgt: they bind more reversibly and distinguish two binding sites in Torpedo californica nAChR. Naja kaouthia α‐cobratoxin, classical blocker of nAChRs, was shown to inhibit certain GABA‐A receptor subtypes, whereas α‐cobratoxin dimer with 2 intermolecular disulfides has a novel type of 3D structure. Non‐conventional toxin WTX has additional 5th disulfide not in the central loop, as α‐Bgt, but in the N‐terminal loop, like all Ly6/uPAR proteins, and inhibits α7 and Torpedo nAChRs. A water‐soluble form of Lynx1, ws‐Lynx1, was expressed in E. coli, its 1H‐NMR structure and binding to several nAChRs determined. For SLURP‐1, similar information was obtained with its recombinant analogue rSLURP‐1. A common feature of ws‐Lynx1, rSLURP‐1, and WTX is their activity against nAChRs and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Synthetic SLURP‐1, identical to the natural protein, demonstrated some differences from rSLURP‐1 in distinguishing nAChR subtypes. The loop II fragment of the Lynx1 was synthesized having the same µM affinity for the Torpedo nAChR as ws‐Lynx1. This review illustrates the productivity of parallel research of nAChR interactions with the two TFP groups.
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Inalienable Customer Capital, Corporate Liquidity, and Stock Returns
Authors: DOU WINSTON WEI , JI YAN , REIBSTEIN DAVID , WU WEI 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWe develop a model in which customer capital depends on key talents' contribution and pure brand recognition. Customer capital guarantees stable demand but is fragile to financial constraints risk if retained mainly by talents, who tend to quit financially constrained firms, damaging customer capital. Using a proprietary, granular brand‐perception survey, we construct a firm‐level measure of the inalienability of customer capital (ICC) that captures the degree to which customer capital depends on talents. Firms with higher ICC have higher average returns, higher talent turnover, and more precautionary financial policies. The ICC‐sorted long‐short portfolio's spread comoves with financial constraints factor.
Arresting Confidence: Mass Incarceration and Black–White Differences in Perceptions of Legal Authorities
Authors: O'Brien Timothy L. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThis article investigates changes in confidence in legal authorities associated with mass incarceration.MethodsBinary logistic regression models are used to analyze five waves of data from a national survey of U.S. adults collected between 1981 and 2011 (n= 8,548). Predicted probabilities and discrete change coefficients are calculated to examine changes in blacks’ and whites’ attitudes about police and courts associated with changes in the incarceration rate.ResultsAs the incarceration rate grew, blacks’ confidence in police declined substantially, while whites’ was unchanged. Blacks and whites each lost confidence in courts as incarceration increased. However, the loss was significantly greater among blacks than whites.ConclusionsThe growing incarceration rate was accompanied by distinctive shifts in blacks’ and whites’ confidence in legal authorities. This article underscores the importance of macro legal contexts for understanding race differences in legal confidence.