bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engines of change: Transposable element mutation rates are high and vary widely among genotypes and populations ofDaphnia magna
Authors: Ho Eddie K. H. , Bellis E.S. , Calkins Jaclyn , Adrion Jeffrey R. , Latta Leigh C. , Schaack S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) represent a large and dynamic portion of most eukaryotic genomes, yet little is known about their mutation rates or the correspondence between rates and long-term patterns of accrual. We compare TE activity over long and short time periods by quantifying TE profiles and mutation rates (with and without minimizing selection) among 9 genotypes from three populations ofDaphnia magnasampled along a latitudinal gradient. The patterns of genome-wide variation observed in nature mirror direct estimates of rates and spectra observed in a multi-year laboratory mutation accumulation experiment, where net rates range from -11.98 to 12.79 x 10-5per copy per generation across genotypes. Overall, gains outnumber losses and both types of events are highly deleterious based on comparing lines with and without selection minimized. The rate and spectrum of TE mutations vary widely among genotypes and across TE families/types, even within the same population. We compare TE mutation rates to previously published rates of base substitution, microsatellite mutation, and gene conversion for the same genotypes, and show a correlation only with the latter. Our study provides strong evidence for the notion that TEs represent a highly mutagenic force in the genome. Furthermore, the variation we observe underscores the need to expand the repertoire of mutations studied to include a wider array of mutation types with different underlying mechanisms in order to better understand the evolution of the mutation rate and the ways in which genetic variation is generated genome wide.
The effect of ABO blood group and antibody class on the risk of COVID-19 infection and severity of clinical outcomes
Authors: Almadhi Marwa Ali , Abdulrahman Abdulkarim , Alawadhi Abdulla , A.Rabaan Ali , AlQahtani Manaf 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe current COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 22 million cases and caused immense burdens on governments and healthcare systems worldwide. Since its emergence in December 2019, research has been focused on ways to not only treat the infected but also identify those at risk and prevent spread. There is currently no known biological biomarker that can predict the risk of being infected. A growing set of studies have emerged that show an association between ABO blood group and the risk of COVID-19 infection. In this study, we used retrospective observational data in Bahrain to investigate the association between ABO blood group and risk of infection as well as susceptibility to a more severe ICU-requiring infection. We found that individuals with blood group B were at a higher risk of infection, while those with blood group AB were at a lower risk. No association was observed between blood group and the risk of a severe ICU-requiring COVID-19 infection. We extended the analysis to study the association by antibodies present; anti-a (blood groups B and O) and anti-b (blood groups A and O). Antibodies were not found to be associated with either risk of infection or susceptibility to severe infection. The current study, along with the variation in blood group association results, indicates that blood group may not be the most ideal biomarker to predict risk of COVID-19 infection.
Endocytosis of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 Is Partly Driven by a Canonical Tyr-Based Motif
Authors: Liu Derui , Kumar Rahul , Claus Lucas A.N. , Johnson Alexander J. , Siao Wei , Vanhoutte Isabelle , Wang Peng , Bender Kyle W. , Yperman Klaas , Martins Sara , Zhao Xiuyang , Vert Grégory , Van Damme Daniël , Friml Jiří , Russinova Eugenia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and its core endocytic machinery are evolutionarily conserved across all eukaryotes. In mammals, the heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2) sorts plasma membrane (PM) cargoes into vesicles via the recognition of motifs based on Tyr or di-Leu in their cytoplasmic tails. However, in plants, very little is known about how PM proteins are sorted for CME and whether similar motifs are required. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the brassinosteroid (BR) receptor BR INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) undergoes endocytosis, which depends on clathrin and AP-2. Here, we demonstrate that BRI1 binds directly to the medium AP-2 subunit (AP2M). The cytoplasmic domain of BRI1 contains five putative canonical surface-exposed Tyr-based endocytic motifs. The Tyr-to-Phe substitution in Y898KAI reduced BRI1 internalization without affecting its kinase activity. Consistently, plants carrying the BRI1Y898F mutation were hypersensitive to BRs. Our study demonstrates that AP-2–dependent internalization of PM proteins via the recognition of functional Tyr motifs also operates in plants.
Local culture as a corporate social responsibility multiplier: Confucian values' mediation between firm policies and employees' attitude
Authors: Chen Jian-Yu , Lim Suk-Jun , Nam Hyun-Jung , Phillips Joe 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe Western-centric nature of research into corporate social responsibility (CSR) has left gaps in one’s understanding of local culture's role in augmenting or undermining the impact of firms' CSR policies. This paper constructs and tests variables measuring “Confucian values” mediation between Chinese employees' perceived CSR and their job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling, using data from 311 responses completed by employees at Chinese private companies, located in China's Cheng-Yu economic area (Chongqing and Chengdu).FindingsChinese employees' perceived CSR had a positive significant effect on job attitudes (job satisfaction and organizational commitment). However, perceived CSR had no significant positive impact on organizational citizenship behavior. The authors also found that Confucian values are a partial mediator between perceived CSR and job attitudes and a full mediator between perceived CSR and organizational citizenship behavior.Originality/valueThe results enrich one’s understanding of cultural values in these relationships and suggest further research into how firms and governments in Confucian-based societies can better operationalize Confucian values to argument the firm's and country's CSR identity, thus improving job attitudes and public relations among customers who share this cultural heritage. For non-Confucian societies and foreign firms operating in China, the results encourage searches for Confucian value substitutes, such as trust and education, to incorporate into CSR mechanisms that promote these values among employees. The authors suggest approaches for furthering these agendas.
A new tapped sources stack succored modified HX bridge MLI
Authors: Chandrasekaran Kannan , Mohanty Nalin Kant , Ranganathan Selvarasu 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Multilevel inverter (MLI) is a prevailing sensible alternative to two-level inverters that offer a high-quality output voltage waveform, wherein the multiple input direct current (DC) levels are established by using isolated DC sources, batteries and renewable energy sources. The purpose of this paper is to develop MLI to offer lower total harmonic distortion (THD), higher output voltage levels and reduced switching components for high power applications.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a new tapped sources stack succored modified HX bridge MLI (TSSSMHXBMLI) topology is proposed which includes two modules, such as tapped sources stack (TSS) and modified HX bridge inverter, which perform their function in a single stage. Also, this paper outlines the formulaic implementation of the multicarrier/sub-harmonic pulse width modulation (MCPWM/SHPWM) in a Xilinx Spartan3E-500 field programmable gate array (FPGA) is suitable for the developed MLI.

Findings
The feasibility of the suggested topology is well proved by both simulation and experiment results.

Practical implications
This paper examines a new topology of TSSSMHXBMLI with a view to minimize total count of switching components against basic MLI topologies. The operating sequence of the suggested TSSSMHXBMLI topology is verified with the simulation study followed by an experimental investigation.

Originality/value
The simulation and experimental results of suggested MLI topology reveals to obtain lower THD, higher output voltage levels and reduced switching components for high power applications.
Steel strip surface inspection through the combination of feature selection and multiclass classifiers
Authors: Zhang Z.F. , Liu Wei , Ostrosi Egon , Tian Yongjie , Yi Jianping 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
During the production process of steel strip, some defects may appear on the surface, that is, traditional manual inspection could not meet the requirements of low-cost and high-efficiency production. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method of feature selection based on filter methods combined with hidden Bayesian classifier for improving the efficiency of defect recognition and reduce the complexity of calculation. The method can select the optimal hybrid model for realizing the accurate classification of steel strip surface defects.

Design/methodology/approach
A large image feature set was initially obtained based on the discrete wavelet transform feature extraction method. Three feature selection methods (including correlation-based feature selection, consistency subset evaluator [CSE] and information gain) were then used to optimize the feature space. Parameters for the feature selection methods were based on the classification accuracy results of hidden Naive Bayes (HNB) algorithm. The selected feature subset was then applied to the traditional NB classifier and leading extended NB classifiers.

Findings
The experimental results demonstrated that the HNB model combined with feature selection approaches has better classification performance than other models of defect recognition. Among the results of this study, the proposed hybrid model of CSE + HNB is the most robust and effective and of highest classification accuracy in identifying the optimal subset of the surface defect database.

Originality/value
The main contribution of this paper is the development of a hybrid model combining feature selection and multi-class classification algorithms for steel strip surface inspection. The proposed hybrid model is primarily robust and effective for steel strip surface inspection.
Can donations be too little or too much?
Authors: Mazodier Marc , Carrillat Francois Anthony , Sherman Claire , Plewa Carolin 
Published: September 2020

PurposeCharities depend on giving behaviors of organizations to fulfil their purpose, whereas corporations seek to improve their image in return. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to investigate optimal donation thresholds for organizations to enhance their corporate social responsibility (CSR) image.Design/methodology/approachExperiment 1 (N= 482) tests whether CSR image improves with donation amount up to the point at which it becomes excessive (H1) and whether this point differs between firms in a positive versus negative economic situation (H2). Experiment 2 (N= 432) examines the role of consumer attribution of firm motives through mediation of these effects (H3), while also exploring consumer donation expectations by testing an “undefined” amount. Experiment 3 (N= 400) validates the role of attributions through the moderating effect of motives.FindingsThe experiments demonstrate an optimal interval between inferior and superior donation amounts that maximize the impact of corporate giving on CSR image through the attribution of society-serving motives. Furthermore, the economic situation of the company alters these thresholds – higher donations are required to positively influence the CSR image when the company is in a favorable situation.Research limitations/implicationsThis research answers a long-term call to provide more reliable tools on which to base charitable giving decisions. It also identifies perceived donating motives as the psychological process underlying consumers’ response to donation magnitudes.Practical implicationsThe authors determine psychological donation thresholds by examining amounts perceived as insignificant in comparison to excessive and provide managers with an easy-to-implement method to determine optimal donation amounts from their target market.Originality/valueBy examining charitable giving at the micro-level, this research provides practical advice to companies on how to determine, ahead of time, how much to donate and what exactly to communicate in which economic situation.
Effectiveness of brand placements in music videos on viewers’ brand memory, brand attitude and behavioral intentions
Authors: Davtyan Davit , Cunningham Isabella , Tashchian Armen 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effects of brand placement repetition in music videos on consumers’ memory, brand attitudes and behavioral intentions, as well as, explores the effective frequency needed to achieve optimal advertising impact.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed hypotheses and research questions were tested using an experimental approach. Participants watched a block of music videos containing various levels of brand placement repetitions. Afterward, participants completed a questionnaire designed to measure memory, brand attitudes and behavioral intentions.FindingsAt low levels (below 4–5 exposures), the repetition of a brand placement has a positive effect on brand memory, brand attitudes, intentions to buy and to recommend the brand to others. However, further increases in repetition had detrimental effects on brand attitudes and purchase intentions, but not on memory measures. Additionally, the effects of brand placement repetition on brand attitudes and memory measures were moderated by respondents’ brand familiarity.Research limitations/implicationsThe effects of brand placements were measured through explicit tests that refer to the placement event. Researchers are encouraged to test suggested propositions by using implicit tests.Practical implicationsThe results of this study can serve as guidance for marketing practitioners on optimal ways to integrate their brands into the contents of mass media programming.Originality/valueDespite the increasing usage of music videos in marketing promotions, limited scholarship explores the effects of placing consumer brands in this promising medium. Current research addresses this gap and contributes both to brand placement literature and scholarship on advertising repetition.
Dissociative threat: underperforming to distance the self from undesirable groups
Authors: El Hazzouri Mohammed , Carvalho Sergio W. , Main Kelley 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis study aims to introduce the concept of dissociative threat, which is the fear of being associated with an undesirable (dissociative) group as a result of demonstrating ability in a domain that is stereotypically linked to that group. Consumers experiencing dissociative threats use inability signaling as a self-presentational strategy in which they present themselves as lacking ability in the dissociative domain.Design/methodology/approachFive experimental studies were conducted to test whether consumers experience threat in dissociative domains and to examine factors that influence this threat.FindingsResults showed that dissociative threat adversely affects consumers’ performance at tasks that require using products linked to dissociative groups. Threatened participants reported intentions to perform poorly and train for a longer time in preparation for such tasks, thus signaling low ability in dissociative domains. Additionally, when participants who were experiencing dissociative threats received confirmation that they lacked ability in that domain, their performance at these tasks improved.Research limitations/implicationsThis study expands the knowledge on strategies, including inability signaling, that consumers use to avoid being linked to dissociative groups.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest to marketers that stereotypes that link their products to certain consumer segments can threaten other consumers. Factors that shape and alleviate this threat are identified, which may help companies who are marketing such products.Originality/valueThis study extends the current understanding of stereotype threat and proposes a new self-presentational strategy, that has not been documented yet in the literature (i.e. inability signaling), that consumers use to deal with the dissociative threat.
Religious accommodation in France: decoding managers' behaviour
Authors: Cintas Caroline , Héliot YingFei , Sprimont Pierre-Antoine 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis research aims to explain, in the secular French context, the intention of managers to accommodate religious expression at work (REW) when they are not obliged to do so. This paper seeks to understand the determinants of managerial positions on REW. Building on previous studies on how organisations and managers deal with religious expression, this research seeks to extend the evidence on this important aspect of managerial behaviour in relation to accommodating REW.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses were tested using a structural equation model based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in diversity management (N = 151 French managers). This method highlights attitudinal and organisational determinants favourable to the intent to accommodate.FindingsThe present research provides new insight by identifying two main direct factors affecting managers' accommodation, namely, organisational flexibility (flexible hours, autonomy) and perceived consequences (advantages, disadvantages) and one indirect factor, religiosity. In line with the contradictions within diversity management, the perceived consequences are ambivalent and highly context dependent. One issue to explore is that managers seek to deal with religious expression by making it invisible.Research limitations/implicationsIn the French context, the explanatory social norm might not be “religiosity” but rather “perceived secularity”. The authors recommend that future studies use qualitative methods with interviews and photo elicitation to extend this first study. Indeed, the complexity of the managerial position requires an in-depth understanding of managers' attitudes and behaviours with regard to religion. How do managers apply a common ground strategy and create unity despite differences? Is the desire to make arrangements invisible with a view to inclusive neutrality specific to France, or can it be generalised to managers in other countries? Does the intention to accommodate not essentially depend on the manager-employee relationship dynamic? This research raises questions for scholars about the relationship with the other and ethical managerial conduct.Practical implicationsFrance is a secular country where a debate is emerging on cases of discrimination due to REW. The results contribute to approaches to drafting company guidelines for managers and may help organisations anticipate the risks associated with REW. The discussion of the results reveals the importance of social norms in the sense of hypernorms (religiosity) and undoubtedly of secularism, nondiscrimination and gender equality in the decision-making process on accommodation. These inclusive norms should therefore be handled with care in the various guidelines that have been developed.Originality/valueREW is increasing but is a neglected dimension of diversity management. This study helps explore this new field by promoting an understanding of managers' intention to accommodate in a specific secular context.
On the heat transfer characteristics of a Lamilloy cooling structure with curvatures with different pin fins configurations
Authors: Luo Lei , Zhang Yifeng , Wang Chenglong , Wang Songtao , Sunden Bengt Ake 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The pin fin is applied into a Lamilloy cooling structure which is broadly used in the leading edge region of the modern gas turbine vane. The purpose of this paper is to investigate effects of the layout, diameter and shape of pin fins on the flow structure and heat transfer characteristics in a newly improved Lamilloy structure at the leading edge region of a turbine vane.

Design/methodology/approach
A numerical method is applied to investigate effects of the layout, diameter and shape of pin fins on the flow structure and heat transfer characteristics in a newly improved Lamilloy structure at the leading edge of a turbine vane. The diverse locations of pin fins are Lp = 0.35, 0.5, 0.65. The diameter of the pin fins varies from 8 mm to 32 mm. Three different ratios of root to roof diameter for pin fins are also investigated, i.e. k = 0.5, 1, 2. The Reynolds number ranges from 10,000 and 50,000. Results of the flow structures, heat transfer on the target surface and pin fin surfaces, and friction factor are studied.

Findings
The heat transfer on the pin fin surface gradually decreases and then increases as the location of the pin fins increases. Increasing the diameter of the pin fins causes the heat transfer on the pin fin surface to gradually increase, while a lower value of the friction factor occurs. Besides, the heat transfer on the pin fin surface at a small root diameter increases remarkably, but a slight heat transfer penalty is found at the target surface. It is also found that both the Reynolds analogy performance and the thermal performance are increased compared to the baseline whose diameter and normalized location of pin fins are set as 16 and 0.5 mm, respectively.

Social implications
The models provide a basic theoretical study to deal with nonuniformity of the temperature field for the turbine vane leading edge. The investigation also provides a better understanding of the heat transfer and flow characteristics in the leading edge region of a modern turbine vane.

Originality/value
This is a novel method to adopt pin fins into a Lamilloy cooling structure with curvature. It presents that the heat transfer of the pin fin surface in a pin-fin Lamilloy cooling structure with curvature can be significantly increased by changing the parameters of the pin fins which may lead to various flow behavior. In addition, the shape of the pin fin also shows great influence on the heat transfer and flow characteristics. However, the heat transfer of the target surface shows a small sensitivity to different layouts, diameter and shape of pin fin.