bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo and in vitro observation of nasal ciliary motion in a guinea pig model
Authors: Pang Chuan , An Fengwei , Yang Shiming , Yu Ning , Chen Daishi , Chen Lei 
Published: May 2020

In vitro airway specimens are widely used to evaluate airway ciliary function. However, the function of in vitro ciliated cells may be far different from their actual in vivo physiological conditions. Due to the lack of a valid technique, direct images of in vivo airway ciliary motion have never been captured and analyzed before. This study aims to examine nasal ciliary motion in living guinea pigs with comparison to in vitro observation. Nasal septum mucosa was exposed in anaesthetized guinea pigs and directly examined using a digital microscopy system. The study included three parts: (1) measurement of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of nasal mucosa at room temperature in living guinea pigs and immediately after death, and in dissected mucosa specimens/cells for comparison; (2) monitoring of nasal ciliary motion, CBF, and ciliary beat distance (CBD) over 12 h in both living guinea pigs and dissected mucosa specimens/cells; and (3) measurement of ciliary motion changes in responses to temperature variations. Compared with when the animal was alive, the CBF after death and in dissected mucosa specimens/cells was lower by about 20% ( P < 0.05). CBF and CBD variation in living guinea pigs was within 10% over time. The slope of CBF/temperature profile was 0.18 ± 0.01 Hz/°C in living guinea pigs, 0.51 ± 0.02 Hz/°C for dissected mucosa specimens, and 0.48 ± 0.03 Hz/°C for isolated ciliary cells. The technique described in this study makes it feasible to study ciliary motion in living animals using the digital microscope system. Ciliary function changes immediately after death. Ciliary motion in a living animal is more stable over time and has a different response to temperature change as compared with in vitro observation results. Impact statement Cilia play an important role in the airway defense mechanism. So far, studies on ciliary function have mainly been based on in vitro methods. Images of in vivo ciliary motion are very difficult to capture. In this study, we describe a novel approach to observe and analyze nasal ciliary motion in living animals with comparison to in vitro observation. Such images of ciliary motion from living animals have not been reported to date. The result of the study indicates that in vivo ciliary physiological function differs from ex vivo and in vitro conditions in many ways, such as the stability over time and response to temperature variation. This is a good foundation for further in vivo analysis of airway ciliary physiological function in animals as well as humans.
Effectiveness Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Remifentanil for Perioperative Management in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Huh Hyub , Park Jeong Jun , Seong Hyun Young , Lee Sang Hag , Yoon Seung Zhoo , Cho Jang Eun 
Published: May 2020

Background For patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery, intranasal injection of epinephrine can cause acute increases in heart rate and blood pressure. Objective Among the drugs for reducing hyperdynamic effects, dexmedetomidine and remifentanil are expected to blunt the acute hemodynamic responses after intranasal injection of epinephrine. Our study compared a difference in the 2 drugs in their abilities to blunt the hemodynamic responses in intraoperative period and postoperative profile. Methods In this study, the patients were randomly divided into the dexmedetomidine and remifentanil groups. During the intraoperative period, the hemodynamic values were recorded. The surgical condition was assessed by a single surgeon. During the postoperative period, hemodynamic values, sedation scale score, and pain score were recorded. Result No significant differences in hemodynamic variables were found between the groups before and after intranasal injection of epinephrine. Comparison of the group mean values before endotracheal intubation revealed that the blood pressure values in the remifentanil group were significantly lower than those in the dexmedetomidine group. At 2 minutes after endotracheal intubation, blood pressure and heart rate values in the remifentanil group were significantly lower than those in the dexmedetomidine group. The sedation score was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group on arrival and at 30 minutes after arrival at the postanesthetic care unit ( P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). At 30 and 60 minutes after the operation, the pain scores were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group ( P = .015 and P = .001, respectively). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine had better postoperative sedative and analgesic effects than remifentanil for patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery in this study. Remifentanil and dexmedetomidine attenuated acute hemodynamic responses to be within normal ranges after intranasal injection of epinephrine, and no significant differences in terms of hemodynamic variables. Remifentanil was superior to dexmedetomidine in inducing hypotension during endotracheal intubation.
Whole exome sequencing identifies compound heterozygous variants of CR2 gene in monozygotic twin patients with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Mat Ripen Adiratna , Ghani Hamidah , Chear Chai Teng , Chiow Mei Yee , Syed Yahya Sharifah Nurul Husna , Kassim Asiah , Mohamad Saharuddin Bin 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: A pair of female Malay monozygotic twins who presented with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, hepatosplenomegaly, bronchiectasis and bicytopenia were recruited in this study. Both patients were suspected with primary immunodeficiency diseases. However, the definite diagnosis was not clear due to complex disease phenotypes. The objective of this study was to identify the causative gene mutation in these patients. Methods: Lymphocyte subset enumeration test and whole exome sequencing were performed. Results: We identified a compound heterozygous CR2 mutation (c.1916G>A and c.2012G>A) in both patients. These variants were then confirmed using Sanger sequencing. Conclusion: Whole exome sequencing analysis of the monozygotic twins revealed compound heterozygous missense mutations in CR2.
Exploring Educator Values Alignment Strategies in an Intervention Context: The Emergence of the Beacon Strategy
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Penelope , Russo James Anthony , Clarkson Philip 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore whether the four value alignment strategies available to educators (Scaffolding, Balancing, Intervention, and Refuge) previously identified in the mathematics education literature comprehensively capture educator value alignment strategies in an intervention context. Design/Approach/Methods: To this end, we analyse semi-structured interview data with two teacher-leaders involved in the Getting Ready in Numeracy (G.R.I.N.) intervention program through a value alignment lens. Findings: We ascertain that a fifth strategy, the Beacon strategy, is needed to describe the range of value alignment strategies employed by educators in the G.R.I.N. program. The Beacon strategy involves the educator digging in and reasserting their expectations until the student behaves in a manner that aligns with the educator’s values. In part it involves the educator being able to recognize their own values and clearly communicating these values to students. Originality/Value: This article further explores strategies that educators have at their disposal for aligning their values with those of their students. The uncovering of the Beacon strategy is particularly valuable as it suggests that educators could be purposefully pursuing value alignment even when they do not appear to take any active steps to move further towards their students’ sets of values.
Does Intravenous Dexamethasone Prevent Nausea and Vomiting after Reduction Mammoplasty?
Authors: Campbell Nicola , Bryson Gregory L , Rosaeg Ola , Crossan Mary Lou , Bragg Paul , Bell Michael 
Published: May 2020

Background Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and unpleasant experience for patients after reduction mammoplasty. PONV may delay discharge from hospital. Dexamethasone is an effective and widely used antiemetic. Objectives This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone as a single antiemetic agent to reduce the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty. Methods Fifty women scheduled for reduction mammoplasty were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous dexamethasone 0.150 mg/kg or saline before the induction of anesthesia. Postoperative analgesia was provided with intravenous morphine via a patient controlled device and rectally administered indomethacin. The presence or absence of nausea, retching and vomiting, and pain scores were assessed upon arrival in the postanesthesia care unit and at 2, 6, 8 and 12 h, and by phone interview at 24 and 48 h after surgery. Results The two groups were comparable in terms of age, history of motion sickness, duration of anesthesia and opioid consumption, both intraoperatively and postoperatively. There was no difference in the incidence of PONV between the two groups, but the patients who received dexamethasone required fewer doses of rescue antiemetic medication. Conclusion Intravenous dexamethasone before the induction of anesthesia is ineffective as a single agent antiemetic prophylactic treatment in patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty.
Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome in NCAA Division I Athletes: Experience at a Single Institution
Authors: Weber Alexander E. , Nakata Haley , Mayer Eric N. , Bolia Ioanna K. , Philippon Marc J. , Snibbe Jason , Romano Russ , Tibone James E. , Gamradt Seth C. 
Published: May 2020

Background: The rate of return to sport after surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome (FAIS) has been studied in high-level athletes. However, few studies examining this rate have focused exclusively on National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletes. Purpose: To evaluate the return-to-sport rate after hip arthroscopy for FAIS and to examine the influence of sport type on the clinical presentation of FAIS in collegiate athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Included in this study were NCAA Division I student-athletes who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS at our institution between 2010 and 2017. Exclusion criteria were history of previous hip pathology, pediatric hip disease, radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis (Tönnis grade >0), prior lower extremity procedure, history of chronic pain, osteoporosis, or history of systemic inflammatory disease. Athletes were categorized into 6 subgroups based on the type of sport (cutting, contact, endurance, impingement, asymmetric/overhead, and flexibility) by using a previously reported classification system. Patient characteristics and preoperative, intraoperative, and return-to-sport variables were compared among sport types. Results: A total of 49 hip arthroscopies for FAIS were performed in 39 collegiate athletes (10 females, 29 males; mean age, 19.5 ± 1.3 years). A total of 1 (2.6%) cutting athlete, 15 (38.5%) contact athletes, 8 (20.5%) impingement athletes, 6 (15.4%) asymmetric/overhead athletes, and 9 (23.1%) endurance athletes were included in the study. There were no differences among sports groups with respect to the FAI type. Endurance athletes had lower rates of femoral osteochondroplasty (45.5%) and labral debridement (0.0%) ( P < .0001). Contact sport athletes had higher rates of labral debridement (50.0%; P < .0001). Patients were evaluated for return to sport at an average of 1.96 ± 0.94 years. Overall, the return-to-sport rate was 89.7%. There were no differences in return-to-sport rates based on the sport type except for endurance athletes, who returned at a lower rate (66.6%; P < .001). No differences in return-to-sport rate ( P = .411), duration after return ( P = .265), or highest attempted level of sport resumed ( P = .625) were found between patients who underwent labral repair versus debridement. Conclusion: Collegiate-level athletes who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS returned to sport at high and predictable rates, with endurance athletes possibly returning to sport at lower rates than all other sport types. Surgical procedures may be influenced by sport type, but the rate of return to sport between athletes who underwent labral debridement versus labral repair was similar.
Dynamic Between-Leg Differences While Walking in Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Deficient Patients With and Without Medial Meniscal Posterior Horn Tears
Authors: Ren Shuang , Shi Huijuan , Yu Yuanyuan , Liang Zixuan , Jiang Yanfang , Wang Qi , Miao Xin , Li Dai , Zhang Si , Hu Xiaoqing , Huang Hongshi , Ao Yingfang 
Published: May 2020

Background: Patients with anterior cruciate ligament–deficient (ACLD) knees with medial meniscal posterior horn tears (MMPHTs) have been reported to demonstrate a combined stiffening and pivot-shift gait pattern compared with healthy controls. Movement asymmetries are implicated in the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Purpose: To investigate the knee kinematics and kinetic asymmetries in ACLD patients with (ACLD + MMPHT group) and without (ACLD group) MMPHTs while walking on level ground. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 15 patients with isolated unilateral ACL ruptures, 10 with unilateral ACL ruptures and MMPHTs, and 22 healthy controls underwent gait testing between January 2014 and December 2016. Between-leg differences (BLDs) in knee kinematics and kinetics were compared among participants in all groups. Results: The ACLD + MMPHT group demonstrated significantly greater BLDs in knee moments in the sagittal plane during the loading response phase than the ACLD and control groups. Compared with the control group, the ACLD and ACLD + MMPHT groups demonstrated significantly greater BLDs in knee angles in the sagittal plane during the midstance and terminal stance phases. Compared with the control group, significantly greater BLDs in knee rotation moments were found throughout the stance phase in both the ACLD and the ACLD + MMPHT groups. BLDs in lateral ground-reaction forces (GRFs) in the ACLD + MMPHT and ACLD groups were both significantly greater than the control group during the loading response phase. BLDs in anterior GRFs in the ACLD + MMPHT and ACLD groups were both significantly greater than the control group during the loading response phase. Only the ACLD + MMPHT group demonstrated greater BLDs in vertical GRFs than the control group during the loading response phase, while no significant differences were observed between the ACLD and control groups. Conclusion: The ACLD + MMPHT group demonstrated significantly more knee flexion moment asymmetries than the ACLD and control groups during the loading response phase. Both the ACLD + MMPHT and the ACLD groups demonstrated significant knee angle and moment asymmetries in the sagittal plane during the terminal stance phase than the control group. Both the ACLD + MMPHT and the ACLD groups demonstrated knee rotation moment asymmetries during the midstance and terminal stance phases compared with the control group. A rehabilitation program for ACLD patients both with and without MMPHTs should take into consideration these asymmetric gait patterns.
Endoscopic Gluteus Medius Repair With an ITB-Sparing Versus ITB-Splitting Approach: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Parker Emily A. , Meyer Alex M. , Laskovski Jovan R. , Westermann Robert W. 
Published: May 2020

Background: During hip endoscopy, the iliotibial band (ITB) can be split or preserved to access the peritrochanteric workspace. To our knowledge, no comparative studies have been performed to analyze patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and surgical failure rates (gluteus medius retear and/or revision surgery rates) for ITB-sparing versus ITB-splitting approaches in endoscopic gluteus medius repairs. Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to evaluate PROs and failure rates of patients undergoing ITB-sparing versus ITB-splitting repairs of the gluteus medius. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review was performed by following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses) guidelines and using the PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase databases. The quality of evidence was evaluated using the modified Coleman Methodology Score. Level 1-4 studies were evaluated for endoscopic abductor repair techniques on all types of gluteus medius tears. Given the small number of studies and varying population sizes, all quantitative data were adjusted for study population size. Results: A total of 13 studies met our inclusion criteria, while more granular data, including ITB approach, were available for 8 studies. Because of the paucity of literature on the subject, all included studies were of lower quality per the modified Coleman Methodology Score. The visual analog scale for pain, the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and the surgical failure rates were compared between approaches. Patients who underwent ITB splitting had a significantly greater change in mHHS (45.5 ± 4.6 vs 27.3 ± 6.5; P < .001) and lower surgical failure rates (3.67 ± 2.33 vs 4.75 ± 2.54; P = .04). There was no significant difference in change in visual analog scale for splitting versus sparing (4.26 ± 0.41 vs 4.39 ± 0.14; P = .96). The results may have been biased by between-group differences, such as patients who undergo ITB sparing being significantly younger. Conclusion: Endoscopic gluteus medius repair is a reliable procedure to improve pain and function in appropriately selected patients. This study highlighted the lack of high-quality literature available regarding ITB approach. However, the evidence to date has suggested that ITB approach may influence hip-specific PROs. Splitting the ITB during abductor repair may be associated with a greater improvement in mHHS and lower surgical failure rates. Further prospective comparative studies are warranted to evaluate the effect of ITB approach.
Addition of Povidone-Iodine to Fluoride Varnish for Dental Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Milgrom P. , Tut O. , Rothen M. , Mancl L. , Gallen M. , Tanzer J.M. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease. Products of metabolism by bacteria populating the tooth surface induce development and progression of cavities. Objectives: We sought to determine whether a polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I; povidone-iodine) and NaF topical varnish was superior to one containing only NaF in prevention of new dental caries lesions in a single-center randomized active-controlled trial based on a double-blind, parallel-group design. Methods: The site was Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia. The study population was healthy children 49 to 84 mo old who were enrolled in early childhood education: 284 were randomized (1:1 allocation), and 273 were included in year 1 analysis and 262 in year 2. The test varnish contained 10% PVP-I and 5.0% NaF. The comparator contained only 5.0% NaF but was otherwise identical. Varnishes were applied every 3 mo during 2 y. The primary outcome was the surface-level primary molar caries lesion increment (d2-4mfs) at 2 y. Caries lesion increments from baseline to year 1 and year 2 were compared between conditions with log-linear regression, adjusting for age and sex and whether the tooth was sound at baseline (free of caries lesions). Results: At year 1, the caries lesion increment for primary molars sound at baseline was 0.9 surfaces (SD = 1.5) for the test varnish versus 1.8 (SD = 2.2) for the comparator varnish with fluoride alone (adjusted rate ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.81; P = .005). At year 2, the caries lesion increment for primary molars sound at baseline was 2.3 surfaces (SD = 2.8) for the test varnish as compared with 3.3 (SD = 2.7) for the comparator (adjusted rate ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.03; P = .073). Teeth that were already cavitated at baseline did not show a preventive effect. There were no harms. Conclusions: A dental varnish containing PVP-I and NaF is effective in the primary prevention of cavities in the primary dentition (NCT03082196). Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study demonstrates that periodic application of a varnish containing NaF and PVP-I is effective in prevention of caries lesions and useful in assessing the potential of combined treatment.
Clinical impact of the 0.2 µg/day fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant: outcomes from the ILUVIEN® clinical evidence study in Portugal
Authors: Carneiro Angela , Meireles Angelina , Castro Sousa João Paulo , Teixeira Carla 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The ILUVIEN® (fluocinolone acetonide) Clinical Evidence in Portugal (ICE-PT) study is a retrospective, multicenter, observational study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of the FAc implant in patients with diabetic macular edema. Methods: Patients included in this study had received the 0.2 µg/day fluocinolone acetonide implant for the treatment of diabetic macular edema and had measurements of visual acuity and retinal thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography for at least 12 months pre- and post-fluocinolone acetonide implant administration, with ⩾2 follow-up visits. Outcomes measured included visual acuity, central foveal thickness, and intraocular pressure. Results: There was a significant increase in mean visual acuity compared with baseline at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-fluocinolone acetonide in both the overall study population and the pseudophakic subgroup ( p < 0.05 at all time points in both groups). A significant reduction in mean central foveal thickness compared with baseline was seen in the overall study population at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-fluocinolone acetonide ( p < 0.05 at all time points). At 12-month post-fluocinolone acetonide, a small but significant intraocular pressure increase of 1.0 mmHg was seen in the overall study population. Conclusion: The results of this analysis show that switching from the current standard of care to the fluocinolone acetonide implant leads to beneficial effects in terms of vision and retinal structure in patients with diabetic macular edema and that patients benefited from FAc implant administration, regardless of lens status.