bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midterm Outcomes of Early Versus Late Surgery for Infective Endocarditis with Neurologic Complications: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Yokoyama Yujiro , Goto Taichiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Cerebral infarction (CI) remains one of the most common and fatal complications of infective endocarditis (IE), and the timing of surgery for IE with neurologic complications is controversial. As outcomes beyond the perioperative period have not been assessed with a meta-analysis previously, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing mid- to long-term outcomes of early and late surgery in patients with IE and neurologic complications.Methods: All studies that investigated early and late surgery in patients with IE and neurologic complications were identified. The primary and secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and recurrence, respectively. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality and recurrence were extracted from each study. Results: Our search identified five eligible studies, which were all observational studies consisting of a total of 624 patients with IE and neurologic complications. Pooled analyses demonstrated that all-cause mortality was similar between the early and late surgery groups (HR [95% confidence interval [CI]]=0.90 [0.49-1.64]; P=0.10; I2=49%). Similarly, the recurrence rates were similar between both groups (HR [95% CI]=1.86 [0.76-4.52]; P=0.43; I2=0%). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis showed similar mortality and recurrent rates between the early and late surgery groups. The optimal timing of surgery should be individualized on a case-to-case basis.
Repair Technique for Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Associated with a Rare Retroaortic Innominate Vein
Authors: Jung Hanna , Cho Joon Yong , Lee Youngok 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Retroaortic innominate vein (RIV) is a rare vascular abnormality. Although RIV itself is asymptomatic, its presence in patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) to the superior vena cava (SVC) is surgically challenging because a simple Warden procedure is impossible. Case presentationA 16-year-old girl was diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot, secundum, and sinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD) at birth. She underwent total correction of tetralogy of Fallot and ASD closure at the age of 14-months. However, the diagnosis of PAPVR was missed. At the age of 16, she developed dyspnea on exercise. Echocardiography demonstrated severe pulmonary regurgitation, mild tricuspid regurgitation, and D-shaped left ventricle with paradoxical septal motion along with RIV and sinus venous ASD. Computed tomography confirmed RIV and PAPVR. Systemic and pulmonary venous blood pathways were separated by bovine pericardial patch, and pulmonary valve replacement was performed. Postoperative echocardiography demonstrated improvement of D-shaped left ventricle and laminar flow through the SVC and pulmonary veins. Postoperative computed tomography showed a well-reconstructed SVC and pulmonary venous pathway without stenosis. After an uneventful postoperative course, patient was discharged.ConclusionsRIV in patients with PAPVR may be surgically challenging to repair. We report the first case of successfully repaired PAPVR associated with a rare RIV.
Banking Sector Intermediation Development and Growth of a Developing Economy: An Empirical Investigation of Nigeria
Authors: Azolibe Chukwuebuka Bernard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In developing economies, banks act as a conduit for the efficient mobilization of financial resources from the surplus sectors for effective allocation to the deficit sectors for productive investment that will in turn lead to economic growth. Thus, the study is aimed at evaluating whether development in the banking sector intermediation process in the form of increase in the number of branches, credit to private sectors, intermediation efficiency and total assets stimulates economic growth in Nigeria during the period of 1987 to 2018. The study employed the Johansen cointegration test, dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) regression and error correction model in determining the relationship between the variables. The results of the cointegration test confirmed the existence of long-run relationship between banking sector development indicators and economic growth in Nigeria. Whereas, in the short run, only number of bank branches and bank’s total asset have a positive and significant impact on economic growth signifying that much of Nigeria’s superior growth performance is attributed to increase in the number of bank branches and growth in bank’s assets. Credit to private sector has negative and insignificant relationship with economic growth while bank’s intermediation efficiency has positive and insignificant relationship with economic growth.
Contact residue contributions to interaction energies between SARS-CoV-1 spike proteins and human ACE2 receptors
Authors: Rodriguez Jorge H. , Gupta Akshita 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Several viruses of the corona family interact, via their spike (S) proteins, with human cellular receptors. Spike proteins of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 virions, being structurally related but not identical, mediate attachment to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor in similar but non-identical ways. Molecular-level understanding of interactions between spike proteins and hACE2 can aid strategies for blocking attachment of SARS-CoV-1, a potentially reemerging health threat, to human cells. We have uniquely identified dominant molecular-level interactions, some attractive and some repulsive, between the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-1 spike proteins (S-RBD) and hACE2. We performed fragment-based quantum-biochemical calculations which directly relate biomolecular structure with the hACE2...S-RBD interaction energy. Consistent with X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM, the interaction energy between hACE2 and S-RBD (≈−26 kcal/mol) corresponds to a net intermolecular attraction which is significantly enhanced by inclusion of dispersion van der Waals forces. Protein fragments, at the hACE2...S-RBD interface, that dominate host-virus attraction have been identified together with their constituent amino acid residues. Two hACE2 fragments which include residues (GLU37, ASP38, TYR41, GLN42) and (GLU329, LYS353, GLY354), respectively, as well as three S-RBD fragments which include residues (TYR436), (ARG426) and (THR487, GLY488, TYR491), respectively, have been identified as primary attractors at the hACE2...S-RBD interface.
CircRNA&nbsp;MFACR&nbsp;is Upregulated in Myocardial Infarction and Downregulates miR-125b to Promote Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis-induced by Hypoxia
Authors: Wang Shujuan , Li Long , Deng Weijie , Jiang Minhua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background：CircRNA MFACR promotes cardiomyocyte death, which contributes to myocardial infarction (MI). This study was carried out to explore the involvement of MFACR in MI.RT-qPCRs were performed to analyze the expression of MFACR and miR-125b in plasma samples from both MI patients (n=61) and healthy controls (n=61). MFACR and miR-125b were overexpressed in AC16 cells (cardiomyocytes) to study the interactions between them. The role of MFACR in regulating the methylation of miR-125b gene was analyzed by methylation-specific PCR. Cell apoptosis after transfections was analyzed by cell apoptosis assay.Result ：MFACR was overexpressed in MI and inversely correlated with miR-125b. In AC16 cells, hypoxia treatment increased MFACR expression and decreased miR-125b expression. In AC16 cells, MFACR overexpression decreased miR-125b expression and increased the methylation of miR-125b gene. Under hypoxia, MFACR overexpression increased AC16 cell apoptosis, and miR-125b overexpression decreased cell apoptosis. In addition, miR-125b overexpression reversed the effects of MFACR overexpression on cell apoptosis.Conclusions： MFACR may downregulate miR-125b through methylation to promote the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in MI.
miR-193b-3p Promotes Proliferation of Goat Myoblast Through Directly Targeting IGF2BP1 and Activating Its Transcription
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Xiao , Yang Hailong , Xu Xiaoli , Chen Yuan , Dai Dinghui , Zhan Siyuan , Guo Jiazhong , Zhong Tao , Wang Linjie , Cao Jiaxue , Zhang Hongping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAs a well-known cancer-related miRNA, miR-193b-3p is enriched in skeletal muscle but dysregulated in muscle disease. However, mechanism underpinning has not been addressed so far. MethodsHere, we probed the impact of miR-193b-3p on myogenesis by mainly using goat tissues and skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), with combined methods including RNA-seq to profile the transcriptome affected by miR-193b-3p, cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) for cell proliferation assay, and RNA-RNA dual-labeled fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for RNA colocalization. ResultsmiR-193b-3p is highly enriched in goat skeletal muscles, and ectopic miR-193b-3p promotes MuSCs proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is the most activated insulin signaling genes when overexpression miR-193b-3p and the miRNA recognition element (MRE) within IGF1BP1 3ʹ untranslated region (UTR) is indispensable for its activation caused by miR-193b-3p. Consistently, expression patterns and function of IGF2BP1 were similar to those of miR-193b-3p in tissues and MuSCs. While the overexpression of miR-193b-3p failed to induce pax7 expression and myoblast proliferation when IGF2BP1 knockdown. Furthermore, miR-193b-3p destabilized IGF2BP1 mRNA but unexpectedly promoted levels of IGF2BP1 heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) dramatically. Moreover, miR-193b-3p could enhance fly luciferase activity when inserted upstream of its promoter, and induce neighboring genes of itself. However, miR-193b-3p inversely regulated IGF2BP1 and myoblast proliferation in mouse C2C12 myoblast. These data unveil that goat miR-193b-3p promotes myoblast proliferation via activating IGF2BP1 by binding on its 3ʹ UTR.ConclusionsOur novel findings highlight the positive regulation between miRNA and its target genes in muscle development, which further extends the repertoire of miRNA functions.
Workplace Violence Among Frontline Clinicians in Emergency Departments Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Rui , An Ying , Zhang Ling , An Feng-Rong , Wang Aiping , Zhao Yan-Jie , Yuan Anzhe , Cheung Teris , Ungvari Gabor S. , Qin Ming-Zhao , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Frontline clinicians working in the emergency department (ED) were at disportionate risk of workplace violence (WPV). This study investigated the prevalence of WPV and its association on quality of life (QOL) among this population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: The overall prevalence of WPV was 29.2% (95%CI: 26.5%-31.9%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that having family/friends/colleagues infected with COVID-19 (OR=1.81, P=0.01), current smoking status (OR=3.24, P<0.01) and severity of anxiety symptoms (OR=1.13, P<0.01) were positively associated with WPV. Working in inpatient ED units (OR=0.45, P<0.01) was negatively associated with WPV. After controlling for covariates, clinicians experiencing WPV had a lower overall QOL compared to those without (F (1, 1103) =14.2, P<0.01).Conclusions: Prevalence of workplace violence was common among ED clinicians in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the negative impact of WPV on QOL and care quality, timely preventive measures should be undertaken for ED clinicians.
Identification and Clinical Validation of Genes Signatures With Grade and Survival in Head and Neck Carcinomas
Authors: Ma Wei , Cao Qing , She Wandong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The mechanism of transition from low-grade to high-grade head and neck carcinomas (HNC) still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the genes expression profiles that drive malignancy from low to high-grade HNC, as well as analyze their correlations with the survival.Methods: Gene expressions and clinical data of HNC were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. The significantly differential genes (SDGs) between low and high-grade HNC were screened by GEO2R and R software. Bioinformatics functions of SDGs were investigated by the enrichment analyses. Univariate and multivariate cox regressions were performed to identify prognostic SDGs of progression free survival (PFS) and disease specific survival (DSS). ROC curve was established to evaluate the ability to predict the prognosis. Then, the correlations between SDGs and clinical features were evaluated. The genes were experimentally validated by RT-PCR in clinical specimens’ tissues at last.Results: Thirty-five SDGs were identified in 47 low-grade and 30 high-grade HNC samples. Enrichment analysis showed these SDGs were mainly enriched in the DNA repair pathway and the regulation of I−kappaB kinase/NF−kappaB signaling pathway. Cox regression analyses showed that CXCL14, SLC44A1 and UBD were significantly associated with DSS, and PPP2R2C and SLC44A1 were associated with PFS. Patients at a high-risk or low-risk for prognosis were established based on genes signatures. High-risk patients had significantly shorter DSS and PFS than low-risk patients (P=0.033, 0.010 respectively). Multivariate cox regression showed HPV (P=0.033), lymph node status (P=0.032) and residual status (P＜0.044) were independent risk factors for PFS. ROC curves showed the risk score had better efficacy to predict survival both for DSS and PFS (AUC=0.858, 0.901 respectively). In addition, we found UBD, PPP2R2C and risk score were significantly associated with HPV status (all P＜0.05). The experiment results showed CXCL14 and SLC44A1 were significantly overexpressed in the HNC grade I/II tissues and the UBD were overexpressed in the HNC grade III/IV tissues.Conclusions: Our results suggested that SDGs had different expression profiles between the low-grade and high-grade HNC, and these genes may serve as prognostic biomarker to predict the survival.
A Novel Density Peaks Clustering Algorithm Based on K Nearest Neighbors With Adaptive Merging Strategy
Authors: Yuan Xiaoning , Yu Hang , Liang Jun , Xu Bing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recently the density peaks clustering algorithm (dubbed as DPC) attracts lots of attention. The DPC is able to quickly find cluster centers and complete clustering tasks. And the DPC is suitable for many clustering tasks. However, the cutoff distance 𝑑𝑑𝑐𝑐 is depends on human experience which will greatly affect the clustering results. In addition, the selection of cluster centers requires manual participation which will affect the clustering efficiency. In order to solve these problem, we propose a density peaks clustering algorithm based on K nearest neighbors with adaptive merging strategy (dubbed as KNN-ADPC). We propose a clusters merging strategy to automatically aggregate the over-segmented clusters. Additionally, the K nearest neighbors is adopted to divide points more reasonably. The KNN-ADPC only has one parameter and the clustering task can be conducted automatically without human involvement. The experiment results on artificial and real-world datasets prove the higher accuracy of KNN-ADPC compared with DBSCAN, K-means++, DPC and DPC-KNN.
Optimising microalgal cultivation for biofuels production: the biorefinery paradigm
Authors: Figueroa-Torres Gonzalo M. , Pittman Jon , Theodoropoulos Constantinos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Microalgae are regarded as a viable biorefinery platform for the sustainable and cost-effective production of biofuels and other value-added chemicals. However, to allow this promising biomass to compete with existing biofuel feedstock technologies, it is necessary to exploit multi-product platforms and to identify optimal microalgal cultivation strategies maximising the microalgal metabolites from which biofuels are obtained: starch and lipids. Whilst nutrient limitation is widely known for increasing starch and lipid formation, this cultivation strategy can greatly reduce microalgal growth. This work presents an optimisation framework combining predictive modelling and experimental methodologies to simulate microalgal growth dynamics and identify optimal cultivation strategies.Results: Microalgal cultivation strategies for maximised starch and lipid formation were successfully established by developing a multi-parametric kinetic model suitable for the prediction of mixotrophic microalgal growth dynamics co-limited by nitrogen and phosphorus. The model’s high predictive capacity was experimentally validated against various datasets obtained from laboratory-scale cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtti CCAP 11/32C subject to different initial nutrient regimes. The identified model-based optimal cultivation strategies were further validated experimentally and yielded significant increases in starch (+270 %) and lipid (+74 %) production against a non-optimised strategy.Conclusions: The optimised microalgal cultivation scenarios for maximised starch and lipids, as identified by the kinetic model presented here, highlight the benefits of exploiting modelling frameworks as optimisation tools that facilitate the development and commercialisation of microalgae-to-fuel technologies.
Qualitative exploration of the factors influencing the use of dietary supplements in Iranian women: introduction to areas of focus for developing interventions
Authors: Hoseini Akramsadat , Dehdari Tahereh , Solhi Mahnaz , Rahideh Seyedeh Tayebeh , Janani Leila 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Literature shows that the consumption of Dietary Supplements (DS) is more common in Iran. This study aimed to explore the experiences of a sample of Iranian women regarding the factors influencing the use of DS.Methods: This qualitative content analysis study was conducted in Qods city, Tehran province, Iran from January to March 2020. Forty-two semi-structured in-depth interviews were performed with women. The participants were asked about their experiences about the determinants of the consumption of DS. After the first round of the interviews was done, we performed content analysis of the data and continued up to data saturation.Results: Two main themes including personal factors (with 5 subthemes including sociodemographic characteristics, perceived benefits of DS, history of illness, physiological conditions, and lifestyle factors) and socio-economic factors (with 3 subthemes including subjective norms, the price of food and commercial considerations of the sectors involved in the production and sale of DS) emerged as the experiences of the participants as to the intake of DS.Conclusions: These variables may suggest areas which need to be focused on for performing more effective interventions to affect appropriate consumption of DS in Iran.
Camouflaging Behaviours Used by Autistic Adults During Everyday Social Interactions
Authors: Cook Julia , Crane Laura , Hull Laura , Bourne Laura , Mandy William 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Autistic people may modify their innate autistic social behaviours in order to adapt to, cope within, and/or influence the predominately neurotypical social landscape. We term such modified or changed behaviour “camouflaging behaviour.” Conceptualisations and definitions of camouflaging behaviours are in their infancy. Existing qualitative research examining camouflaging behaviours relies solely on retrospective accounts of camouflaging experiences. Methods Using Interpersonal Process Recall methodology (Kegan, 1969), 17 autistic adults (8 women, 6 men, and 3 agender/gender neutral) participated in a brief social task designed to replicate a common day-to-day social situation. Participants then watched a video of their interaction with a researcher, actively identifying and describing camouflaging behaviours. Interview transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Detailed descriptions of 37 camouflaging behaviours were generated. These behaviours were grouped into four categories: masking (hide particular behaviours and/or aspects of one’s identity); innocuous engagement (facilitate passive, conservative, and superficial engagement in social interactions); neurotypical communication (involve communicating in line with non-autistic norms and preferences); and active self-presentation (facilitate active, open, and reciprocal participation in social interactions). Limitations Given the IPR methodology utilised in the study, the results may not generalise to all social environments or autistic individuals. Conclusions This study extends the current understanding of camouflaging by generating novel, specific, and detailed information about camouflaging behaviours. These camouflaging behaviours are discussed with reference to literature concerning interpersonal research and theory within and outside the field of autism.
A Comprehensive Systematic Review of CSF analysis that defines Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19
Authors: Tandon Medha , Mehta Tejas R , Daimee Maha , Patel Viral , Prasad Apoorv , Chowdhary Anisa , Kataria Saurabh , Sriwast Shitiz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Here we performed a systematic review of literature of CSF findings associated with neurological complications in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) to establish a pattern and understand the significance of CSF analysis which can possibly be useful in deciding prognosis and exploring therapeutic options in the future. Methods: We screened all articles resulting from a search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, using the keywords “SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid”, “SARS-CoV-2 and CNS Complication”.Results: We performed CSF analysis results in total of 113 patients from 67 papers. There were 7 patients out of 113 patients (6.2 %) were fatal and 35 patients (31 %) were considered severe and rest non-severe. Elevated cell counts (>5 cells/µL) were found in 43% (3/7) of the fatal cases, 25.7% (9/35) of the severe cases and 29.4% (15/51) of non-severe cases. The average CSF protein of 110.0 mg/dl found in fatal, and in 85.4mg/dl in non-fatal cases. Whereas, average CSF protein levels were 78 mg/dl in severe and 103 mg/dl in non-severe cases. In addition, 76.5% (13/17) of the patients with CNS complications and 74.1% (40/54) of the patients with a PNS manifestation showed elevated protein levels.Conclusion: The most common finding of CSF analysis in the setting of neurological manifestations in Covid-19 is noted to be elevated CSF protein with occasionally elevated, predominantly lymphocytic cell count. Interestingly, CSF protein is noted to be majorly elevated in all spectrums of severity of neurological illness including CNS and PNS complications. This may be indicative of only one common pathophysiological mechanism of neurological illness. In future, A combination of SARS-CoV-2 CSF RT-PCR, CSF IgM testing, and CNS targeting antibodies should be further studied to understand pathophysiology of neurological complications in Covid-19.