bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning from regret
Authors: Boyle F M , Allen J , Rey-Conde T , North J B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Death after surgery is infrequent but can be devastating for the surgeon. Surgeons may experience intense emotional reactions after a patient's death, reflecting on their part in the death and the patient's loss of life. Excessive rumination or feelings of regret may have lasting negative consequences, but these reactions may also facilitate learning for future decision-making. This qualitative study analysed surgeons' reflections on what might have been done differently before a patient's death and explored non-technical (cognitive and interpersonal) aspects of care as potential targets for improvement.

Methods
In Australia's Queensland Audit of Surgical Mortality, surgeons reflect on factors surrounding the death of patients in their care and respond to the open-ended question: in retrospect, would you have done anything differently? Framework analysis was applied to surgeons' responses to identify themes relating to non-technical aspects of care.

Results
Responses from 1214 surgeons were analysed. Two main themes were identified. Dilemmas and difficult decisions confirmed the uncertainty, complexity and situational pressures that often precede a surgical death; regret and empathy for patients featured in some responses. In the second main theme, communication matters, surgeons cited better communication, with patients, families, colleagues and at handover, as a source of reflective change to improve decision-making and reduce regret.

Conclusion
Surgical decision-making involves uncertainty, and regret may occur after a patient's death. Enhancing the quality of communication with patients and peers in comprehensive assessment of the surgical patient may mitigate postdecision regret among surgeons.
Effect of delay between nuclear medicine scanning and sentinel node biopsy on outcome in patients with cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Moncrieff M D , O'Leary F M , Beadsmoore C J , Pawaroo D , Heaton M J , Isaksson K , Olofsson Bagge R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an important staging tool for the management of melanoma. A multicentre study was done to validate previous findings that the timing of lymphoscintigraphy influences the accuracy of SLNB and patient outcomes, particularly survival.

Methods
Data were reviewed on patients undergoing SLNB for melanoma at three centres in the UK and Sweden, examining the effect of timing of SLNB after nuclear medicine scanning. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to assess overall (OS), disease-specific (DSS) and progression-free (PFS) survival, stratified by timing of lymphoscintigraphy. Independent risk factors for survival were identified by Cox multivariable regression analysis.

Results
A total of 2270 patients were identified. Median follow-up was 56 months. Univariable analysis showed a 4·2 per cent absolute and 35·5 per cent relative benefit in DSS (hazard ratio 1·36, 95 per cent c.i. 1·05 to 1·74; P = 0·018) for 863 patients whose SLNB was performed up to 12 h after lymphoscintigraphy compared with 1407 patients who had surgery after more than 12 h. There were similar OS and PFS benefits (P = 0·036 and P = 0·022 respectively). Multivariable analysis identified timing of lymphoscintigraphy as an independent predictor of OS (P = 0·017) and DSS (P = 0·030). There was an excess of nodal recurrences as first site of recurrence in the group with delayed surgery (4·5 versus 2·5 per cent; P = 0·008).

Conclusion
Delaying SLNB beyond 12 h after lymphoscintigraphy with 99Tc-labelled nanocolloid has a significant negative survival impact in patients with melanoma.
An accessible, open‐source mobile application for macromolecular visualization using augmented reality
Authors: Lee Ning Yuan , Tucker‐Kellogg Greg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding macromolecular structures is essential for biology education. Augmented reality (AR) applications have shown promise in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, but are not widely used for protein visualization. While there are some tools for AR protein visualization, none of them are accessible to the layperson who possesses neither specialized AR hardware nor the technical skill to comfortably navigate three‐dimensional (3D) rendering and file conversions. Here, we describePalantir, an open source mobile Android application easily installable on compatible devices from the Google Play Store. Palantir does not require specialized hardware, printed image, manual 3D rendering, or file format conversion. Palantir makes AR macromolecular visualization accessible to anyone with a compatible mobile device, and we hope it finds widespread application in STEM education.
A novel clock‐face method for characterizing peridevice leaks after left atrial appendage occlusion
Authors: Westcott Sarah K. , Wung William , Glassy Matthew , Singh Gagan D. , Smith Thomas W. , Fan Dali , Rogers Jason H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo propose a novel method for mapping leak location and frequency to a clock‐face representation of the left atrial appendage (LAA) ostium.BackgroundLAA occlusion with the Watchman device (WD) is an established therapy to reduce thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and intolerance to long‐term oral anticoagulation. Postimplantation leaks are known sequelae, but leak locations and characteristics are poorly described.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 101 consecutive WD implants from April 2015 to February 2018. Leak locations from 6‐week post‐implant transesophageal echocardiograms were mapped to a clock‐face representation of the LAA ostium: 12:00 as cranial near the limbus, 3:00 as anterior toward the pulmonary artery, 6:00 as caudal near the mitral annulus, and 9:00 as posterior. Patient demographics, LAA dimensions, and procedural characteristics were also collected.ResultsThirty‐four patients had ≥1 leak totaling 45 leaks at 6‐week follow‐up. Baseline patient demographics showed a mean age 77, CHA2DS2VASc 4.69, and 64% of patients with permanent AF. No patient had a detectable leak at the time of implant. At 6 weeks, mean leak size was 2.67 ± 0.89 mm with no leak over 5 mm (largest 4.60 mm). Most leaks occurred along the posterior 6:00–12:00 segment (39/45) and the 6:00–9:00 quadrant (16/45).ConclusionSix‐week post‐WD implant leaks localize to the posterior LAA ostium. This could result from the elliptical LAA orifice, differential LAA tissue composition, or implantation technique. This study provides a novel method for describing the location of post‐implant leaks and serves as the basis for further investigations.
Impact of optical coherence tomography‐derived neointimal tissue morphology on development of very late in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Fujii Kenichi , Otsuji Satoru , Yamamoto Wataru , Takiuchi Shin , Ishibuchi Kasumi , Tamaru Hiroto , Kakishita Mikio , Ibuki Motoaki , Hasegawa Katsuyuki , Ishii Rui , Nakabayashi Sho , Higashino Yorihiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated the progression of very late in‐stent restenosis (VL‐ISR) by analyzing four serial coronary angiography (CAG) images and its correlation with neointimal tissue characterization of the VL‐ISR lesions on optical coherence tomography (OCT).BackgroundRecently, VL‐ISR is occasionally observed beyond a few years after drug‐eluting stents (DESs) implantation.MethodsThis study analyzed 50 VL‐ISR lesions after DES in which 4 serial CAGs over a period of 2 years, including at baseline procedure, 9 months after baseline procedure, 12 months before VL‐ISR, and at the time of VL‐ISR, were performed. Neointimal tissue characteristics by OCT were categorized as homogeneous, heterogeneous with invisible strut (Type I), heterogeneous with visible strut (Type II), speckled (Type III), or heterogeneous with sharply delineated border (Type IV).ResultsFrom the development process, 23 VL‐ISRs (46%) were categorized as rapid progression and 27 (54%) as gradual progression. The five categories of neointimal tissue composition significantly differed between lesions with rapid and gradual progression. Homogeneous neointima and Type IV heterogeneous neointima were observed only in lesions with gradual progression. Moreover, most Type I heterogeneous neointima was identified in lesions with gradual progression. Instead, main neointimal tissue components of lesions with rapid progression were Type II (43%) and Type III (43%) heterogeneous neointima.ConclusionThe progression rate of in‐stent atherosclerotic changes is gradual, whereas organized thrombus could be associated with an increased risk of rapid neointimal growth. The two types of stenosis progression provide a new insight into the mechanism of VL‐ISR development after DES implantation.
Metal Oxide Nanosheets as 2D Building Blocks for the Design of Novel Materials
Authors: Timmerman Melvin A. , Xia Rui , Le Phu T. P. , Wang Yang , ten Elshof Johan E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResearch into 2‐dimensional materials has soared during the last couple of years. Next to van der Waals type 2D materials such as graphene and h‐BN, less well‐known oxidic 2D equivalents also exist. Most 2D oxide nanosheets are derived from layered metal oxide phases, although few 2D oxide phases can be also made by bottom‐up solution syntheses. Owing to the strong electrostatic interactions within layered metal oxide crystals, a chemical process is usually needed to delaminate them into their 2D constituents. This Review article provides an overview of the synthesis of oxide nanosheets, and methods to assemble them into nanocomposites, mono‐ or multilayer films. In particular, the use of Langmuir–Blodgett methods to form monolayer films over large surface areas, and the emerging use of ink jet printing to form patterned functional films is emphasized. The utilization of nanosheets in various areas of technology, for example, electronics, energy storage and tribology, is illustrated, with special focus on their use as seed layers for epitaxial growth of thin films, and as electrochemically active electrodes for supercapacitors and Li ion batteries.
Chiroptical property tuning of supramolecular assemblies in polymer matrices
Authors: Jintoku Hirokuni , Ihara Hirotaka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChiroptical materials have received much attention in diverse fields for applications such as displays, sensors, smart memory devices, and catalysis. Here, we develop a simple fabrication method for polymer films with tunable chiroptical properties using small amounts of self‐assembling fluorescent dye as an additive. Both the circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence signals of the film can be tuned between positive and negative values by thermal treatment. The chiroptical properties can be varied by slight changes in the orientation of chiral pyrene moieties in self‐assembled nanofibril networks.
Das Element Sauerstoff
Authors: Tappe Nadine A. , Kühn Fritz E. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungGasförmiger Disauerstoff war nicht immer Bestandteil der Erdatmosphäre und ist auch nicht für alle Lebensformen notwendig. Vielmehr haben sich die Lebewesen im Laufe der Erdgeschichte an die Gegenwart von (durch Fotosynthese freigesetzten) Disauerstoff in der Atmosphäre angepasst und können die Substanz, die ursprünglich einen Giftstoff darstellte, entweder tolerieren oder zu ihrem Nutzen (Energiegewinnung) verarbeiten (Tiere, Menschen). Die Freisetzung von Disauerstoff in die Erdatmosphäre und die Schwankungen in der Sauerstoffkonzentration hatten massive Folgen für die Evolution irdischen Lebens und initiierte sowohl Aussterbeereignisse wie tiefreifende Neuentwicklungen. Die Bildung der Ozonschicht war eine der Voraussetzungen für die Besiedelung des Festlandes mit höheren Lebensformen.Trotz dieser großen Bedeutung für das Leben auf Erden hat man Sauerstoff lange Zeit nicht als Element erkannt. Die „Entdeckung“ von Sauerstoff als Element führte aber ab dem 19. Jahrhundert zu zahlreichen wichtigen Anwendungen in Industrie, Technik und Medizin und ermöglichte seine breite Anwendung in der Wissenschaft.
Tensor mutual information and its applications
Authors: Lu Liangfu , Ren Xiaohan , Cui Chenming , Luo Yun , Huang Maolin 
Published: February 2020

SummaryCorrelation analysis has long been a question of great interest in measuring the relationship among different variables and has been applied in many fields, such as dimension reduction, classification, and so on. However, current methods of correlation analysis take into account the linear relationship between multiple variables and only few works on nonlinear interaction of two variables have been considered. In this article, we first present a nonlinear analysis method of multiple (two or more) variables based on mutual information for tensor analysis (MITA). In addition, we extend the mutual‐information matrix analysis directly to MITA and show the multivariable mutual information formula based on Venn diagram. Experiments on multiview dimension reduction, including attacking internet traffic prediction, advertisement classification, and biometric structure prediction illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, especially in the case of low‐dimensional subspace.
Synchrotron Photoionization Study of the Diisopropyl Ether Oxidation
Authors: Giustini Andrea , Meloni Giovanni 
Published: February 2020

AbstractScientific evidence has shown oxygenates help to reduce dangerous pollutants arising from burning fossil fuel in the automotive sector. For this reason, their use as additives has spread widely. The aim of this work consists in providing a comprehensive identification of the main primary oxidation products of diisopropyl ether (DIPE), one of the most promising among etheric oxygenates. The Cl‐initiated oxidation of DIPE is examinated by using a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Products are identified on the basis of their mass‐to‐charge ratio, shape of photoionization spectra, adiabatic ionization energies, and chemical kinetic profiles, at three different temperatures (298, 550, and 650 K). Acetone, propanal, propene, and isopropyl acetate have been identified as major reaction products. Acetone is the main primary product. Theoretical calculations using the composite CBS‐QB3 method provided useful tools to validate the postulated reaction mechanisms leading to experimentally observed species. The formation of other species is also discussed.
Nano and Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A New Grand Challenge for Precision Agriculture?
Authors: Gago Jorge , Estrany Joan , Estes Lyndon , Fernie Alisdair R. , Alorda Bartomeu , Brotman Yariv , Flexas Jaume , Escalona José Mariano , Medrano Hipólito 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBy collecting data at spatial and temporal scales that are inaccessible to satellite and field observation, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are revolutionizing a number of scientific and management disciplines. UAVs may be particularly valuable for precision agricultural applications, offering strong potential to improve the efficiency of water, nutrient, and disease management. However, some authors have suggested that the UAV industry has overhyped the potential value of this technology for agriculture, given that it is difficult for non‐specialists to operate UAVs as well as to process and interpret the resulting data. Here, we analyze the barriers to applying UAVs for precision agriculture, which range from regulatory issues to technical requirements. We then evaluate how new developments in the nano‐ and micro‐UAV (NAV and MAV, respectively) markets may help to overcome these barriers. Among the possible breakthroughs that we identify is the ability of NAV/MAV platforms to directly quantify plant traits using methods (e.g., object‐oriented classification) that require less image calibration and interpretation than spectral index–based approaches. We suggest that this potential, when combined with steady improvements in sensor miniaturization, flight precision, and autonomy as well as cloud‐based image processing, will make UAVs a tool with much broader adoption by agricultural managers in the near future. If this wider uptake is realized, then UAVs have real potential to improve agriculture's resource‐use efficiency. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
DNA Extraction from Plant Leaves Using a Microneedle Patch
Authors: Paul Rajesh , Ostermann Emily , Gu Zhen , Ristaino Jean B. , Wei Qingshan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIsolation of high‐quality DNA from infected plant specimens is an essential step for the molecular detection of plant pathogens. However, DNA isolation from plant cells surrounded by rigid polysaccharide cell walls involves complicated steps and requires benchtop laboratory equipment. As a result, plant DNA extraction is currently confined to well‐equipped laboratories and sample preparation has become one of the major hurdles for on‐site molecular detection of plant pathogens. To overcome this hurdle, a simple DNA extraction method from plant leaf tissues has been developed. A microneedle (MN) patch made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can isolate plant or pathogenic DNA from different plant species within a minute. During DNA extraction, the polymeric MN patch penetrates into plant leaf tissues and breaks rigid plant cell walls to isolate intracellular DNA. The extracted DNA is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifiable without additional purification. This minimally invasive method has successfully extracted Phytophthora infestans DNA from infected tomato leaves. Moreover, the MN patch could be used to isolate DNA from other plant pathogens directly in the field. Thus, it has great potential to become a rapid, on‐site sample preparation technique for plant pathogen detection. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol: Microneedle patch‐based DNA extractionSupport Protocol 1: Microneedle patch fabricationSupport Protocol 2: Real‐time PCR amplification of microneedle patch extracted DNA
Dynamic traceable CP‐ABE with revocation for outsourced big data in cloud storage
Authors: Premkamal Praveen Kumar , Pasupuleti Syam Kumar , Alphonse PJA 
Published: February 2020

SummaryCiphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption (CP‐ABE) is the recommended best practice for outsourced big data access control in the cloud environment. However, most of the existing CP‐ABE schemes do not address the issue of tracing and revoking the malicious user who leaks the secret key for profit, which in turn reduces the security of the CP‐ABE schemes. In this paper, we propose a dynamic traceable CP‐ABE with revocation (DTCP‐ABE) for outsourced big data in cloud storage. DTCP‐ABE scheme dynamically traces who decrypts the ciphertext during the outsourced decryption process, which helps to find the malicious user who leaks the secret key. Our scheme also automatically revokes the malicious users once they are identified. We prove that our scheme is secure against chosen‐plaintext, secret key forging, user collision, and proxy attacks. Furthermore, our scheme also achieves backward revocation security. Performance evaluation proves that our DTCP‐ABE scheme is efficient than other existing schemes.
Economic evaluation of charging/discharging control of electric vehicles as system flexibility considering control participation rate
Authors: Yoshioka Nanami , Asano Hiroshi , Bando Shigeru 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn Japan, installed capacity of variable renewable generation (VRG) is rapidly increasing. Through the efforts to make VRG into one of main power resource, vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) is considered as an effective source of flexibility, which is concerned to lack under large amount of VRG. In this study, we analyze the cost reduction effect of using V2G as system flexibility through calculation of day‐ahead unit commitment (UC) in Kyushu area. To consider uncertainty of day‐ahead UC, we calculate UC simulation with operation reserve requirement considering day‐ahead forecast error of photovoltaic generation, followed by economic dispatch simulation using actual photovoltaic generation. V2G as LFC reduces operation cost especially when demand is low, even with 180 000 electric vehicles (EVs). Cost reduction per EV is about 20‐80 JPY/day with 180 000 EVs, which saturates if more EV participates in the control. V2G as operation reserve reduces discharge from EV for about 0.5‐1.5 kWh/day/EV, which results in reducing degradation of EV battery.
Biomarkers of genome instability in normal mammalian genomes following drug‐induced replication stress
Authors: Minocherhomji Sheroy , Liu Yang , He Yudong D. , Fielden Mark R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGenome instability is a hallmark of most human cancers and is exacerbated following replication stress. However, the effects that drugs/xenobiotics have in promoting genome instability including chromosomal structural rearrangements in normal cells are not currently assessed in the genetic toxicology battery. Here, we show that drug‐induced replication stress leads to increased genome instability in vitro using proliferating primary human cells as well as in vivo in rat bone marrow (BM) and duodenum (DD). p53‐binding protein 1 (53BP1, biomarker of DNA damage repair) nuclear bodies were increased in a dose‐dependent manner in normal proliferating human mammary epithelial fibroblasts following treatment with compounds traditionally classified as either genotoxic (hydralazine) and nongenotoxic (low‐dose aphidicolin, duvelisib, idelalisib, and amiodarone). Comparatively, no increases in 53BP1 nuclear bodies were observed in nonproliferating cells. Negative control compounds (mannitol, alosteron, diclofenac, and zonisamide) not associated with cancer risk did not induce 53BP1 nuclear bodies in any cell type. Finally, we studied the in vivo genomic consequences of drug‐induced replication stress in rats treated with 10 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide for up to 14 days followed by polymerase chain reaction‐free whole genome sequencing (30X coverage) of BM and DD cells. Cyclophosphamide induced chromosomal structural rearrangements at an average of 90 genes, including 40 interchromosomal/intrachromosomal translocations, within 2 days of treatment. Collectively, these data demonstrate that this drug‐induced genome instability test (DiGIT) can reveal potential adverse effects of drugs not otherwise informed by standard genetic toxicology testing batteries. These efforts are aligned with the food and drug administration's (FDA's) predictive toxicology roadmap initiative.