bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtype‐Dependent Reporting of Stroke With SGLT2 Inhibitors: Implications From a Japanese Pharmacovigilance Study
Authors: Sato Kenichiro , Mano Tatsuo , Iwata Atsushi , Toda Tatsushi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVolume depletion as an adverse events (AE) caused by sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) because of their diuretic effect may raise the concern about the risk of lacunar stroke; however, an earlier meta‐analysis reported no significant increase in the incidence of stroke without clearly distinguishing stroke subtypes. Here, aiming to investigate subtype‐wise reporting of stroke potentially related to SGLT2i treatment, we conducted a disproportionality analysis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database, which contains approximately 500 000 cases recorded between April 2004 and March 2019 to detect stroke as AE signals associated with SGLT2i treatment by calculating the reporting odds ratio (ROR). As a result, we identified 532 stroke event reports with the use of SGLT2i. The SGLT2i showed varying degrees of significantly higher reporting (lower 95% ROR > 1) for all ischemic stroke (ROR, 12.7), thrombosis (ROR, 21.7), lacunar infarction (ROR, 48.9), and embolism (ROR, 2.51), but no significantly higher reporting for hemorrhagic stroke. Current pharmacovigilance results showed that the RORs for stroke following SGLT2i use differ greatly depending on the stroke subtypes. It suggests the need for an observational cohort study to be conducted to investigate the incidence of each stroke subtype as the effect of SGLT2i.
Di‐isatin heteronuclear compounds and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Ma Tianwei , Chen Rongxing , Xue Huarui , Miao Zhong , Chen Liyan , Zhang Hao , Shi Xiangkui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwenty propylene and butylene tethered di‐isatin heteronuclear compounds 5a‐t were synthesized, and their antibacterial activities were evaluated. Most of the synthesized di‐isatin heteronuclear derivatives were active against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative strains, and some of them exhibited considerable activities against drug‐resistant organisms. In particular, di‐isatin 5a (MIC: 32‐512 μg/mL) was more active than the reference vancomycin against Gram‐negative pathogens, demonstrating the antibacterial potential of di‐isatin heteronuclear compounds. The inhibitory activity of di‐isatin 5a was higher than mono‐isatin against Escherichia coli DNA gyrase, suggesting the dimers could improve the inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase when compared with the isatin. The structure‐activity relationship was discussed to provide an insight for rational designs of more efficient antibacterial candidates.
Neopulmonary Outflow Tract Obstruction Assessment by 4D Flow MRI in Adults With Transposition of the Great Arteries After Arterial Switch Operation
Authors: Belhadjer Zahra , Soulat Gilles , Ladouceur Magalie , Pitocco Francesca , Legendre Antoine , Bonnet Damien , Iserin Laurence , Mousseaux Elie 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe main complication in adult patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) treated by an arterial switch operation (ASO) is neopulmonary outflow tract stenosis (NPOTS). However, pulmonary flow velocity measurements cannot always be performed with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) due to complex anatomical features. 4D flow MRI allows detection, quantification, and location of the obstruction site along the NPOTS.Purpose and HypothesisTo investigate the accuracy of 4D flow for the diagnosis of NPOTS in adults with TGA corrected by ASO.Study TypeProspective.PopulationThirty‐three adult patients with TGA treated by ASO (19 men, mean age 25.5 years old).Field Strength/SequenceAccelerated 4D flow research sequence at 3T.AssessmentMaximum NPOTS velocities on TTE and 4D flow MRI done the same day.Statistical TestsPearson correlation coefficient, paired t‐test, and Bland–Altman analysis were used to investigate the relationship between TTE and MRI data.ResultsIn 16 patients (48.5%), evaluation of NPOTS anatomy was not obtained by TTE, while it was always possible by 4D flow. Peak flow velocity (PV) measurements in Doppler and 4D flow were highly correlated (r = 0.78; P < 0.001). PV >350 cm.s‐1 was detected in only one patient (3%) by TTE vs. five patients (15%) by 4D flow. Moreover, a high correlation was found between PV and the right ventricle (RV) mass index to body surface area when using 4D flow (r = 0.63; P < 0.001). The location of NPOTS was determined in all patients using 4D flow and concerned the main pulmonary artery in 42%.Data ConclusionCompared to TTE, 4D flow MRI provides better sensitivity to detect and locate NPOTS in patients with TGA treated by ASO. 4D flow PV measurements in NPOTS were well correlated with TTE PV and RV mass.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1699–1705.
Evaluation of the Three‐Dimensional Translational and Angular Deformity in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Bland Daniel C. , Valdovino Alan G. , Jeffords Megan E. , Bomar James D. , Newton Peter O. , Upasani Vidyadhar V. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to quantify three‐dimensional translational and angular deformity (defined as theta) present at the proximal femoral physis in slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), and to use theta to differentiate between SCFE hips, contralateral unaffected hips, and normal hips by comparing to the current gold standard measure of the Southwick slip angle (SSA). 3DCT reconstructions of the pelvis and femur in SCFE patients and normal adolescents were obtained and pelvic position was standardized. The center point and direction vector of the femoral epiphysis was determined. The femoral neck axis was defined. The angle between the femoral neck axis and epiphysis vector defined the 3D angle of deformity (theta). The 3D translation of the femoral epiphysis, measured as a percentage of femoral neck diameter, was measured in three planes. The average theta angle was significantly greater in SCFE hips (46.5 ± 24.3°) compared with control (13.7 ± 6.4°) or normal (11.7 ± 3.7°) hips (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in theta angle between control and normal hips (p = 0.468). Theta angle correlated strongly with SSA (rs = 0.737, p < 0.001). Statement of clinical significance: The proximal femoral deformity in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis can be defined by measuring displacement of the epiphysis in all three dimensions in relation to the femoral neck axis. This information can be used in epiphyseal reorientation surgery to ensure anatomic reduction. The similarity between control and normal hips may argue against the thought that there is pre‐existing deformity in a pre‐slip condition of unaffected contralateral hips in SCFE patients. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:1081‐1088, 2020
Acquired multidrug‐resistant Candida glabrata in Australia: a case report
Authors: Koch Jenna D. , Harding Emily L. , Hughes Carly M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCandida glabrata is the second most common cause of candidaemia in Australia, and echinocandins remain the first‐line choice for empirical treatment. There have been increasing reports of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) C. glabrata worldwide. To date, there have been no documented cases of MDR C. glabrata in Australia. This paper describes a case of C. glabrata resistant to azole antifungals and echinocandins in Australia.Clinical detailsA 47‐year‐old male was admitted for management of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) of the gastrointestinal tract on Day 129 after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. On Day 38 of admission, the patient developed C. glabrata candidaemia that was susceptible to echinocandins but resistant to azole antifungals. The patient received a 17‐day course of intravenous (IV) caspofungin with subsequent negative blood cultures. However, on Day 67, the patient again developed C. glabrata candidaemia that now exhibited resistance to echinocandins and azole antifungals.OutcomesThe patient was commenced on liposomal amphotericin B (3 mg/kg, IV, daily) by the infectious diseases unit. A literature search by the pharmacist prompted a recommendation of a dose increase to 5 mg/kg, IV, daily given this isolate had a high minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 microgram/mL. Liposomal amphotericin B continued for 14 days with no further positive blood cultures. Unfortunately the patient died on Day 92 of admission secondary to severe treatment‐refractory GVHD.ConclusionThis case highlights a case of MDR C. glabrata in Australia, which is of concern given the recommended empirical use of echinocandins for candidaemia.
Late glacial and Holocene landscape change and rapid climate and coastal impacts in the Canal Beagle, southernmost Patagonia
Authors: MCCULLOCH R. D. , Mansilla C. A. , Morello F. , De Pol‐Holz R. , San Román M. , Tisdall E. , Torres J. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTPalaeoenvironmental data for the Late Glacial and Holocene periods are provided from Caleta Eugenia, in the eastern sector of Canal Beagle, southernmost Patagonia. The record commences at c. 16 200 cal a bp following glacier retreat in response to climatic warming. However, cooler conditions persisted during the Late Glacial period. The onset of more temperate conditions after c. 12 390 cal a
bp is indicated by the arrival of southern beech forest and later establishment at c. 10 640 cal a
bp, but the woodland growth was restricted by lower levels of effective moisture. The climate signal is then truncated by a rapid marine incursion at c. 8640 cal a
bp which lasted until a more gradual emergence of the coast at c. 6600 cal a
bp. During this period the pollen record appears to be dominated by the southern beech woodland. A punctuated hydroseral succession follows the isolation of the site from the sea leading to the re‐establishment of a peat bog. Between c. 5770 cal a
bp and the present there were several periods of short rapid climatic change leading to drier conditions, probably as a result of late Holocene periods of climatic warming. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abiotic degradation of s‐triazine pesticides analyzed by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Rubira R.J.G. , Constantino C.J.L. , Otero J.C. , Sanchez‐Cortes S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, we explore the use of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on silver (Ag) nanoparticles for the detection of triazine pesticide atrazine and prometryn as well as their degradation products. This tecnique was used to monitor the pesticide degradation both in the commercial samples as well as by the effects of heat and humidity. We have studied the adsorption affinity of these pesticides as well as their degradation products on the employed SERS substrates in order to check the optimal conditions in the detection of both the original pesticide and their degradation products. The presence of these products in triazine pesticides with high solubility in water is of great interest for the human health, but what's even more important is the fact that the pesticide degradation can be favored by very mild conditions of humidity, temperature, and pH, thus leading to high levels of structural modifications, which produce other final compounds with an even higher impact on both human health and environment.
A Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation method for determining chromium speciation and isotopic composition in seawater
Authors: Davidson Ashley B. , Semeniuk David M. , Koh Jasmine , Holmden Chris , Jaccard Samuel L. , Francois Roger , Crowe Sean A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChromium (Cr) stable isotopes have emerged as a powerful tool for tracking environmental redox transformations. This is because Cr isotopes are fractionated during redox reactions between Cr(III) and Cr(VI). In order to fully exploit the information recorded within Cr isotope compositions, we must be able to track changes in Cr speciation throughout the environment and, in particular, the changes in speciation between input to the ocean and eventual deposition in sediments. We must also be able to access the isotope compositions of each Cr species, rather than only total dissolved Cr. We have thus developed a magnesium hydroxide coprecipitation method that meets these objectives. This method achieves complete recovery and has a typical precision on concentration measurements of ±8% (1σ). It was tested using seawater collected from Saanich Inlet, a persistently anoxic fjord on the Pacific coast of Canada. Chromium speciation profiles and proof‐of‐concept isotope ratio measurements on selected samples indicate that isotopically lighter Cr(III) can be isolated from coexisting isotopically heavier Cr(VI), effectively resolving species‐specific Cr isotope compositions. While the oxygenated surface waters of Saanich Inlet follow the generally observed correlation between seawater Cr concentration and its isotopic composition, seawater from anoxic depths diverges from this array, indicating that different processes are responsible for setting the isotope composition of these deeper waters. Broader application of Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation has strong potential to yield new insights into the fractionation of Cr isotopes in the oceans and the pathways that ultimately set the Cr isotopic composition of marine sediments and sedimentary archives.
RETRACTED: Thermoreversible Structurally Recoverable Dual‐Network Elastomer Hydrogel
Authors: Lei Kun , Sun Chengyuan , Yang Chongchong , Zheng Zhen , Wang Xinling 
Published: December 2019

AbstractComprising a hydrogen bond crosslinked agarose (Aga) network and a covalently crosslinked hydroxyethyl polyacrylate network, a simple, easily controlled one‐pot construction of agarose/hydroxyethyl polyacrylate (Aga/PHEA) double network (DN) elastomer hydrogel is developed. The Aga/PHEA DN gels combining the strengths of both hydrogel and elastomer indicate excellent fatigue resistance, toughness together with rapid, high recoverable rate. The compression strength, tensile strength, and toughness of DN gels can reach 41 MPa, 1.0 MPa, and 6.7 MJ m−3. Due to the thermoreversible feature of agarose, the gel displays an excellent recoverable ability with the elastic modulus recovery of 93% and the energy loss recovery of 90%, respectively, after heating the compressed and released gels. Interestingly, the gels indicate a typical rubber behavior with a small and almost overlapped hysteresis loop and excellent fatigue resistance by simply regulating the content of the second network HEA. Besides, the in vitro MTT and cell adhesion tests confirm the good biological compatibility of the gels. The active hydroxyl groups in the gel can be bonded with functionalized molecule for different needs. The studies reveal that the DN elastomer hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and functionalization will significantly provide a new road to gel researches and applications.
An Integer Linear Programming approach to minimize the cost of the refurbishment of a façade to improve the energy efficiency of a building
Authors: Salandin Andrea , Soler David , Bevivino Michele 
Published: December 2019

Buildings account 40% of the EU's total energy consumption. Therefore, they represent a key potential source of energy savings to fight, among others, against climate change. Furthermore, around 54% of the buildings in Spain date back before 1980, when no thermal regulation was available. The refurbishment of a façade of an old building is usually the most effective way to improve its energy efficiency, by adding layers to the external envelope in order to reduce its thermal transmittance.This paper deals with the problem of minimizing costs for the thermal refurbishment of a façade with thickness and thermal transmittance bounds and with an intervention both on the opaque part (wall) and the transparent part (windows). Among thousands, even millions of combinations of materials and thicknesses for the different layers to be added to the opaque part, types of frame, and combinations of glasses and air chambers for the transparent part, the aim is to choose the one that minimizes the cost without violating any restriction imposed to the thermal refurbishment, in particular the current energy efficiency regulations in the zone.To optimally solve this problem, it will be modelled as an Integer Linear Programming problem with binary variables. The case study will be Building 1B of the School for Building Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain. It was built in the late 1960s and has had a very inefficient energy consumption record. The optimal solution will be found among more than 6 million feasible solutions.
Automated cartilage and meniscus segmentation of knee MRI with conditional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Gaj Sibaji , Yang Mingrui , Nakamura Kunio , Li Xiaojuan 
Published: December 2019

PurposeFully automatic tissue segmentation is an essential step to translate quantitative MRI techniques to clinical setting. The goal of this study was to develop a novel approach based on the generative adversarial networks for fully automatic segmentation of knee cartilage and meniscus.Theory and MethodsDefining proper loss function for semantic segmentation to enforce the learning of multiscale spatial constraints in an end‐to‐end training process is an open problem. In this work, we have used the conditional generative adversarial networks to improve segmentation performance of convolutional neural network, such as UNet alone by overcoming the problems caused by pixel‐wise mapping based objective functions, and to capture cartilage features during the training of the network. Furthermore, the Dice coefficient and cross entropy losses were incorporated to the loss functions to improve the model performance. The model was trained and tested on 176, 3D DESS (double‐echo steady‐state) knee images from the Osteoarthritis Initiative data set.ResultsThe proposed model provided excellent segmentation performance for cartilages with Dice coefficients ranging from 0.84 in patellar cartilage to 0.91 in lateral tibial cartilage, with an average Dice coefficient of 0.88. For meniscus segmentation, the model achieves 0.89 Dice coefficient for lateral meniscus and 0.87 Dice coefficient for medial meniscus. The results are superior to previously published automatic cartilage and meniscus segmentation methods based on deep learning models such as convolutional neural network.ConclusionThe proposed UNet‐conditional generative adversarial networks based model demonstrated a fully automated segmentation method with high accuracy for knee cartilage and meniscus.
Effect of personalized extracorporeal biofeedback device for pelvic floor muscle training on urinary incontinence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Oh Jong Jin , Kim Jung Kwon , Lee Hakmin , Lee Sangchul , Jin Jeong Seong , Kyu Hong Sung , Eun Lee Sang , Byun Seok‐Soo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate the effectiveness of a novel personalized extracorporeal biofeedback device (Anykegel) for pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on the recovery of postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPI) after robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) through a randomized controlled trial.MethodsA total of 84 patients who underwent RARP were randomized either to the intervention group (42) (receiving biofeedback‐PFMT using a novel device in addition to verbal and written instruction) or to the control group (42). Patients were evaluated 1, 2, and 3 months after surgery. Incontinence severity was measured by the 24‐hour pad test. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5) questionnaire were also assessed.ResultsThe intervention group showed a significantly smaller volume of urine loss at the 1‐month follow‐up than the control group on a 24‐hour pad test (71.0 g vs 120.8 g; P = .028). However, from the 2‐month follow‐up visit, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. In addition, in the 1‐month follow‐up data of the IPSS‐total score, the intervention group demonstrated significantly favorable changes from baseline with improved scores compared to the control group (0.25 ± 9.15 vs −3.81 ± 8.98; P = .046). Regarding the IIEF‐5 score changes, no significant differences were reported throughout the study periods.ConclusionsThe personalized extracorporeal biofeedback device for PFMT offers a significant positive effect on the recovery of PPI after RARP, especially in the early postoperative period. Furthermore, patients can be offered more convenience through performing the regular exercise at any place with ease.
Fidelity of a peer‐led asthma self‐management intervention and its attention control in a multisite study of urban adolescents
Authors: Rhee Hyekyun , Grape Annette , Tumiel‐Berhalter Laurene , Wicks Mona , Sloand Elizabeth , Butz Arlene 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper we compare the fidelity of a Peer‐Led Asthma Self‐Management Program for Adolescents (PLASMA) and its attention control. A randomized controlled trial involving two groups—the PLASMA group and the attention control group—was conducted between 2015 and 2018. Adolescents 12–17 years old (N = 259) in three cities in the United States received asthma self‐management education implemented at a day camp, followed by bi‐monthly, follow‐up contact for 12 months. Thirty‐five peer leaders and six adult educators implemented education sessions for the PLASMA and the attention control groups, respectively. The intervention was the peer‐led delivery of the content instead of the educational content itself. This study compares the extent to which the education sessions and follow‐up contacts were implemented in accordance with the study protocol by the peer and adult educators. Most topics on asthma knowledge and skills (85–95%) were delivered as intended at an adequate pace in both groups. Peer leaders missed more content in the psychosocial domain than adult educators—14% versus 0%, respectively (t = −3.7; p = .010). PLASMA participants reported high content and time fidelity for all education sessions (94% to 97.6%). Greater success in bimonthly follow‐up contacts was reported in the attention control groups, with 4.6 ( ± 1.5) contacts on average compared to 2.6 (±2.02) in the PLASMA groups (t = 9.02; p < .001). Most components of the asthma self‐management program were implemented with high fidelity in both groups. The relatively low fidelity in delivering psychosocial content and performing follow‐up contacts in the PLASMA groups underscores the need for intensive training to enhance peer leaders' competency with managing these aspects of PLASMA to maximize fidelity. Peer leaders can implement asthma self‐management educational components of the intervention with high fidelity similar to adult educators.