bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Highly Reversible, Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anode Enabled by a Lithium‐Fluoride‐Enriched Interphase
Authors: Cui Chunyu , Yang Chongyin , Eidson Nico , Chen Ji , Han Fudong , Chen Long , Luo Chao , Wang Peng‐Fei , Fan Xiulin , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetallic lithium is the most competitive anode material for next‐generation lithium (Li)‐ion batteries. However, one of its major issues is Li dendrite growth and detachment, which not only causes safety issues, but also continuously consumes electrolyte and Li, leading to low coulombic efficiency (CE) and short cycle life for Li metal batteries. Herein, the Li dendrite growth of metallic lithium anode is suppressed by forming a lithium fluoride (LiF)‐enriched solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) through the lithiation of surface‐fluorinated mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB‐F) anodes. The robust LiF‐enriched SEI with high interfacial energy to Li metal effectively promotes planar growth of Li metal on the Li surface and meanwhile prevents its vertical penetration into the LiF‐enriched SEI from forming Li dendrites. At a discharge capacity of 1.2 mAh cm−2, a high CE of >99.2% for Li plating/stripping in FEC‐based electrolyte is achieved within 25 cycles. Coupling the pre‐lithiated MCMB‐F (Li@MCMB‐F) anode with a commercial LiFePO4 cathode at the positive/negative (P/N) capacity ratio of 1:1, the LiFePO4//Li@MCMB‐F cells can be charged/discharged at a high areal capacity of 2.4 mAh cm−2 for 110 times at a negligible capacity decay of 0.01% per cycle.
BRCA1 Deficiency Impairs Mitophagy and Promotes Inflammasome Activation and Mammary Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Chen Qiang , Lei Josh Haipeng , Bao Jiaolin , Wang Haitao , Hao Wenhui , Li Licen , Peng Cheng , Masuda Takaaki , Miao Kai , Xu Jun , Xu Xiaoling , Deng Chu‐Xia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) is a major tumor suppressor gene and is most frequently mutated in hereditary breast cancer. BRCA1 plays a critical role in many biological processes, especially maintaining genomic stability in the nucleus, yet its role in the cytoplasm remains elusive. Here, it is revealed that BRCA1 maintains a healthy mitochondrial network through regulating mitochondrial dynamics, including fission and fusion. BRCA1 deficiency causes dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics through increased expression of mitofusin1/2. With mitochondrial stress, BRCA1 is recruited to the mitochondrial outer membrane, where it plays an essential role in maintaining a healthy mitochondrial network. Consequently, BRCA1 deficiency impairs stress‐induced mitophagy through blocking ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM)‐AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐Dynamin‐related protein 1 (DRP1)‐mediated mitochondrial fission and triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which creates a tumor‐associated microenvironment, thereby facilitating tumor proliferation and metastasis. It is further shown that inflammasome inhibition can prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis. This study uncovers an important role of BRCA1 in regulating mitophagy and suggests a therapeutic approach for fighting this deadly disease.
Nickel‐Catalyzed α‐Carbonylalkylarylation of Vinylarenes: Expedient Access to γ,γ‐Diarylcarbonyl and Aryltetralone Derivatives
Authors: KC Shekhar , Dhungana Roshan K. , Khanal Namrata , Giri Ramesh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report a Ni‐catalyzed regioselective α‐carbonylalkylarylation of vinylarenes with α‐halocarbonyl compounds and arylzinc reagents. The reaction works with primary, secondary, and tertiary α‐halocarbonyl molecules, and electronically varied arylzinc reagents. The reaction generates γ,γ‐diarylcarbonyl derivatives with α‐secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbon centers. The products can be readily converted to aryltetralones, including a precursor to Zoloft, an antidepressant drug.
Pre‐targeted Imaging of Protease Activity through In Situ Assembly of Nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Zixin , Chen Min , Zhou Kaixiang , Rao Jianghong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe pre‐targeted imaging of enzyme activity has not been reported, likely owing to the lack of a mechanism to retain the injected substrate in the first step for subsequent labeling. Herein, we report the use of two bioorthogonal reactions—the condensation reaction of aromatic nitriles and aminothiols and the inverse‐electron demand Diels–Alder reaction between tetrazine and trans‐cyclooctene (TCO)—to develop a novel strategy for pre‐targeted imaging of the activity of proteases. The substrate probe (TCO‐C‐SNAT4) can be selectively activated by an enzyme target (e.g. caspase‐3/7), which triggers macrocyclization and subsequent in situ self‐assembly into nanoaggregates retained at the target site. The tetrazine‐imaging tag conjugate labels TCO in the nanoaggregates to generate selective signal retention for imaging in vitro, in cells, and in mice. Owing to the decoupling of enzyme activation and imaging tag immobilization, TCO‐C‐SNAT4 can be repeatedly injected to generate and accumulate more TCO‐nanoaggregates for click labeling.
Fluorosilicone resin as a high ultraviolet transmittance optical material
Authors: Ke Qining , Dai Zhipeng , Chen Xuhuang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, hydrofluorosilicone oil with a cyclic structure () and tetramethyl‐tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane () are synthesized through a hydrosilylation reaction with platinum as the catalyst to obtain high ultraviolet transmittance fluorosilicone. The curing process of fluorosilicone resin is monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of differentAvalues (the molar ratio of Si─H to vinyl) on the curing process, mechanical properties, glass transition temperature, crosslinking density, hydrophobicity, and UV transmittance are studied. The results demonstrate that with the increase in theAvalue, the initial curing temperature and the temperature at the completion of curing decrease, the tensile strength initially increases and then decreases, and the glass transition temperature and crosslinking density increase. Furthermore, the contact‐angle and UV transmittance initially increase and subsequently decrease, the maximum contact‐angle is 107.61°, which shows good hydrophobicity, and the maximum UV transmittance at 351 nm reaches 93.66%.
Two Covalent Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Crystals
Authors: Liu Shuai , Song Gaomin , Ding Qingran , Li Yanqiang , Li Lina , Zhang Qian , Wang Yonggang , Lin Zheshuai , Luo Junhua , Zhao Sangen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are the vital components of laser science and technology, as they can convert lasers in common wavelengths into new wavelength bands for ultraviolet (UV), IR, and even terahertz laser output. Known UV NLO crystals mainly focus on crystals containing cations, but covalent crystals have rarely been reported. Here we report two covalent NLO crystals, B2O3 I and B2O3 II. According to the first‐principles calculations, B2O3 I and II have extremely short absorption edges of about 134 nm and 141 nm, large NLO coefficients of d22=1.38 pm/V and d24=0.702 pm/V, as well as sufficient birefringences of 0.037 and 0.031, respectively. Notably, the absorption edges are almost the shortest among NLO crystals. Meanwhile, the NLO coefficients are evidently larger than that of another well‐known covalent NLO crystal α‐SiO2 and are comparable to those of the commercial UV NLO crystal LiBO3 with Li+ cation. Furthermore, the birefringences are significantly larger than that of α‐SiO2, which are favorable to the phase matching for both crystals. These results reveal that B2O3 I and B2O3 II are excellent candidates for UV NLO applications. In‐depth calculations are carried out to reveal the origin of excellent NLO properties. These covalent crystals provide a new direction for the research of UV NLO crystals.
Switchable Optical Probes for Simultaneous Targeting of Multiple Anions
Authors: Dey Nilanjan , Bhattacharya Santanu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTraditional optical probes primarily work on the concept of one‐to‐one recognition strategy. Therefore, simultaneous detection of multiple anions is difficult using this kind of sensory systems. Similarly, designing of multi‐responsive array‐based materials is synthetically challenging as well as difficult to optimize. Thus, researchers across the globe became interested in developing single molecular probes, capable of detecting multiple anions (or anionic biomolecules) by simultaneously activating optically distinguishable output channels. Here, the modes of interaction largely depend on the structural features of the binding sites (cleft size, number of available coordination sites etc.), characteristics of the anions (ionic radius, hydration enthalpy, basicity, coordination number, pka of corresponding acids etc.) and the microenvironment around the probe molecules (micropolarity, viscosity, dielectric constant etc.) in the host matrix. In this review, we are mostly focusing on the structure‐activity relationships of such multiple anions sensing optical probes and their stimuli‐responsive properties.
A semi‐symbolic diagnoser for fault diagnosis of bounded labeled petri nets
Authors: Boussif Abderraouf , Ghazel Mohamed , Klai Kais 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a diagnoser‐based approach to deal with fault diagnosis of bounded labeled Petri nets. The approach consists in building a semi‐symbolic diagnoser to analyze diagnosability and perform online diagnosis. The contribution of this paper is twofold: (i) from the theoretical point of view, we provide new conditions for checking diagnosability based on a novel diagnoser variant that explicitly separates the normal reachable markings from the faulty ones, in each diagnoser node. This allows us to independently keep tracking the normal and the faulty diagnoser paths more efficiently. (ii) From the practical point of view and in order to reduce the memory required to build the diagnoser efficiently, we establish a semi‐symbolic encoding of the diagnoser state‐space. Such a representation deploys a symbolic encoding of the diagnoser nodes content, using Binary Decision Diagrams, while it keeps an explicit encoding of the observable transitions between the nodes. In addition, we provide an on‐the‐fly algorithm to simultaneously construct the diagnoser and analyze diagnosability. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated through some experimentation performed on a Petri net benchmark.
Hepatic artery classification based on three-dimensional CT
Authors: Yan J , Feng H , Wang H , Yuan F , Yang C , Liang X , Chen W , Wang J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Precise classification of the hepatic artery is helpful for preoperative surgical planning in hepatobiliary–pancreatic surgery. However, the anatomy of hepatic arteries is variable. This study investigated anatomical variation using three-dimensional visualization and evaluation (3DVE) to develop a nomenclature system.

Methods
The origin and course of the hepatic artery were tracked and analysed by using three-dimensional visualization of CT images acquired between 2013 and 2017. The new classification and nomenclature system, named CRL, was developed based on the origins of the common, right and left hepatic arteries.

Results
Scans from 770 adults were evaluated. Preoperative 3DVE correlated better with surgical findings than the original CT images alone. Using the CRL classification system, hepatic arteries were divided into nine subtypes. Only 87·4–89·2 per cent of the hepatic arteries of 610 living-donor liver transplant donors were depicted in Michels', Hiatt's or Varotti's classification, compared with 100 per cent identified by the CRL classification. The CRL classification was validated against external data sets from previous studies, with 99·6–100·0 per cent of patients classified by the CRL system.

Conclusion
The CRL classification covers hepatic artery variants and may be used for planning liver surgery.
Biological subtype, treatment response and outcomes in inflammatory breast cancer using data from the National Cancer Database
Authors: Kupstas A R , Hoskin T L , Day C N , Boughey J C , Habermann E B , Hieken T J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Although inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is postulated to be a distinct biological entity, practice guidelines and previous data suggest that treatment and outcomes are influenced by standard approximated biological subtype. The aim of this study was validation in a large recent National Cancer Database (NCDB) patient cohort.

Methods
Patients with non-metastatic IBC treated in 2010–2015 with neoadjuvant systemic therapy and surgery were identified from the NCDB. Approximated biological subtypes were categorized as oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−), ER−/HER2− and HER2+. Total pathological complete response (pCR) was defined as ypT0/ypTis, ypN0. χ2 tests were used to compare pCR rates, and Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression to analyse overall survival.

Results
Among 4068 patients with IBC (median age 56 years), the approximated biological subtype was ER+/HER2− in 1575 (38·7 per cent), HER2+ in 1323 (32·5 per cent) and ER−/HER2− in 1170 (28·8 per cent). A total of 3351 patients (84·0 per cent) were cN+ at presentation, with no differences across subtypes. Total pCR rates varied significantly by subtype: ER+/HER2− (6·2 per cent), HER2+ (38·8 per cent), ER−/HER2− (19·1 per cent) (P &lt; 0·001), as did breast pCR rates (10·4, 44·5 and 25·2 per cent respectively) and nodal pCR rates (16·9, 56·9 and 33·1 per cent). The 5-year overall survival rate varied significantly across subtypes (ER+/HER2− 64·9 per cent, HER2+ 74·0 per cent, ER−/HER2− 44·0 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) and by pCR within subtypes (all P &lt; 0·001). In multivariable analysis, ER−/HER2− subtype (hazard ratio 2·89 versus HER2+ as reference; P &lt; 0·001) and absence of total pCR (hazard ratio 3·23; P &lt; 0·001) predicted worse survival.

Conclusion
Both treatment response and survival in patients with IBC varied with approximated biological subtype, as among other invasive breast cancers. These data support continued tailoring of systemic treatment to approximated biological subtype and highlight the recent improved outcomes in patients with HER2+ disease.
Left ventricular ejection fraction decrease related to BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors in metastatic melanoma patients: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Berger Mathilde , Amini‐Adlé Mona , Maucort‐Boulch Delphine , Robinson Philip , Thomas Luc , Dalle Stéphane , Courand Pierre‐Yves 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBRAF and MEKis have revolutionized the management of BRAFV600‐mutated melanoma patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction decrease (LVEF‐D) related to these treatments has not been thoroughly evaluated to date. The main objective of this study was to describe characteristics of LVEF‐D in melanoma patients treated with BRAF and/or MEKis. Metastatic melanoma patients treated with BRAF and/or MEKis between March 1, 2012 and May 18, 2018 were included retrospectively (Lyon Sud University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon). LVEF‐D was defined as a reduction in LVEF ≥10% from baseline to a value <55%; normalization was defined as a value ≥55%. Among the 88 patients included, 12 (13.6%) experienced a LVEF‐D, including 10 grade 2 and 2 grade 3. The median onset of which was 11 months (IQR [3‐21]). No patient previously treated with beta‐blockers (n = 12) experienced a LVEF‐D. Analysis of laboratory parameters, electrocardiogram, and transthoracic echocardiography during the follow‐up did not find any predictive marker of LVEF‐D. All patients who benefited from a specific treatment of LVEF‐D had a normalization of LVEF at the end of follow‐up. LVEF recovery was significantly better for patients treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and beta‐blockers than those who did not (P = .019). Ophthalmological adverse events were significantly more frequent in patients who experienced a LVEF‐D (P = .006) and the latter did not influence overall‐survival (P = .117) or progression‐free‐survival (P = .297). LVEF‐D is a common and easily manageable adverse event due to BRAF and MEKis. Its association with ocular toxicity suggests a close ophthalmological monitoring when LVEF‐D occurs.
The influencing factors and functions of DNA G‐quadruplexes
Authors: Yuan Wen‐Fang , Wan Lin‐Yan , Peng Hu , Zhong Yuan‐Mei , Cai Wen‐Li , Zhang Yan‐Qiong , Ai Wen‐Bing , Wu Jiang‐Feng 
Published: February 2020

G‐quadruplexes form folded structures because of tandem repeats of guanine sequences in DNA or RNA. They adopt a variety of conformations, depending on many factors, including the type of loops and cations, the nucleotide strand number, and the main strand polarity of the G‐quadruplex. Meanwhile, the different conformations of G‐quadruplexes have certain influences on their biological functions, such as the inhibition of transcription, translation, and DNA replication. In addition, G‐quadruplex binding proteins also affect the structure and function of G‐quadruplexes. Some chemically synthesized G‐quadruplex sequences have been shown to have biological activities. For example, bimolecular G‐quadruplexes of AS1411 act as targets of exogenous drugs that inhibit the proliferation of malignant tumours. G‐quadruplexes are also used as vehicles to deliver nanoparticles. Thus, it is important to identify the factors that influence G‐quadruplex structures and maintain the stability of G‐quadruplexes. Herein, we mainly discuss the factors influencing G‐quadruplexes and the synthetic G‐quadruplex, AS1411.Significance of the studyThis review summarizes the factors that influence G‐quadruplexes and the functions of the synthetic G‐quadruplex, AS1411. It also discusses the use of G‐quadruplexes for drug delivery in tumour therapy.
Ionic Liquid Assisted Electrospinning of Porous LiFe0.4Mn0.6PO4/CNFs as Free‐Standing Cathodes with a Pseudocapacitive Contribution for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Jing , Tan Rou , Li Di , Ma Jianmin , Duan Xiaochuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn pursuit of high‐performance cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries with high energy and power densities, porous LiFe0.4Mn0.6PO4/CNF free‐standing electrodes have been successfully prepared through a facile ionic liquid (IL) assisted electrospinning method. Owing to the hierarchical porosity and N‐doped carbon layer derived from the ionic liquid, the resulting electrodes exhibited superior electrochemical performances with an improvement of conductivity and pseudocapacitive contribution, delivering a discharge capability of 162.7, 133.5, 114.5, and 102.6 mAh g−1 at the current rates of 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 C, respectively. It is highly expected that this facile IL‐assisted electrospinning method will lead to further developments for other phosphate‐based free‐standing electrodes, which offers a new route in designing polyanionic cathodes for high‐performance Li‐ion batteries.
Bifunctional Catalysts for Reversible Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wu Xing , Tang Chongjian , Cheng Yi , Min Xiaobo , Jiang San Ping , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetal‐air batteries (MABs) and reversible fuel cells (RFCs) rely on the bifunctional oxygen catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Finding efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts is the ultimate goal and it has attracted a great deal of attention. The dilemma is that a good ORR catalyst is not necessarily efficient for OER, and vice versa. Thus, the development of a new type of bifunctional oxygen catalysts should ensure that the catalysts exhibit high activity for both OER and ORR. Composites with multicomponents for active centers supported on highly conductive matrices could be able to meet the challenges and offering new opportunities. In this Review, the evolution of bifunctional catalysts is summarized and discussed aiming to deliver high‐performance bifunctional catalysts with low overpotentials.
Nonclassical ammonium ions as intermediates in cinchona alkaloid rearrangements?
Authors: Lodewyk Michael W. , Tantillo Dean J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe classical/nonclassical nature of cationic ammonium intermediates proposed to be involved in cinchona alkaloid solvolysis and related reactions is investigated. While these intermediates are found to possess highly distorted geometries in which the central nitrogen atom and three of the attached groups are essentially coplanar, we do not find evidence of a nonclassical bonding array. Instead, we find evidence that the intermediate resembles a classical, albeit strained, aziridinium structure, which is still able to account for experimental observations.
Borylation of Diazonium Salts by Highly Emissive and Crystalline Carbon Dots in Water
Authors: Lei Tao , Wei Si‐Meng , Feng Ke , Chen Bin , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEfficient borylation reaction of diazonium salts in water is realized for the first time by using easily prepared, highly emissive and crystalline carbon dots. Electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups on diazonium salts were well tolerated with moderate to good conversion efficiency. Compared with widely used metal complexes, organic dyes and quantum dots, the approach presented herein uses carbon dots, which are nontoxic and possess good biological and medicinal compatibility and high reactivity. Therefore, this approach presents a new prospective use for carbon dots in green chemistry.
Follicular regulatory T cells: a novel target for immunotherapy?
Authors: Huang Yao , Chen Zhe , Wang Hui , Ba Xin , Shen Pan , Lin Weiji , Wang Yu , Qin Kai , Huang Ying , Tu Shenghao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh‐affinity antibodies are produced during multiple processes in germinal centres (GCs), where follicular helper T (Tfh) cells interact closely with B cells to support B‐cell survival, differentiation and proliferation. Recent studies have revealed that a specialised subset of regulatory T cells, follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells, especially fine‐tune Tfh cells and GC B cells, ultimately regulating GC reactions. Alterations in frequencies or function of Tfr cells may result in multiple autoantibody‐mediated or autoantibody‐associated diseases. This review discusses recent insights into the physiology and pathology of Tfr cells, with a special emphasis on their potential roles in human diseases. Discrepancies are common among studies, reflecting the limited understanding of Tfr cells. Further exploration of the mechanisms of Tfr cells in these diseases and thus targeting Tfr cells may help reinstate immune homeostasis and provide novel immunotherapy.