bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal muscle‐specific over‐expression of the nuclear sirtuin SIRT6 blocks cancer‐associated cachexia by regulating multiple targets
Authors: Samant Sadhana A. , Pillai Vinodkumar B. , Gupta Mahesh P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring cancer cachexia, cytokines released from tumour cells can alter body's metabolism, which can lead to onset of this disease process. Biological basis of cachexia is multifactorial; hence, it is important to identify and modulate multiple targets to curtail the process of cachexia. Previously, we reported that the nuclear sirtuin, SIRT6, blocks expression of myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, through modulation of the NF‐κB signalling. This study was undertaken to test whether muscle‐specific over‐expression of SIRT6 can block the cancer‐associated muscle wasting in vivo and to identify additional relevant targets of SIRT6, which can explain its ability to maintain muscle health.MethodsWe generated a skeletal muscle‐specific SIRT6 over‐expressing transgenic mouse line (Sk.T6Tg) expressing SIRT6 at a moderate (two‐fold to four‐fold) level, compared with its control littermates. To generate a cancer‐cachexia model, B16F10 mouse melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously in the flanks of mice. Gastrocnemius muscle tissues from non‐tumour and tumour controls and Sk.T6Tg mice (n = 5–20) were analysed by histology, immunoblotting, and RT‐qPCR. Plasma samples of mice were evaluated using cytokine arrays and ELISA in both non‐tumour and tumour conditions.ResultsOur results demonstrate dual benefits of muscle‐specific moderate over‐expression of SIRT6 in a mouse model of cancer‐cachexia. In tumour‐bearing mice, SIRT6 over‐expression preserved muscle weight (P < 0.001) and fibre size (P < 0.005) as well as suppressed tumour growth (P < 0.05). SIRT6 over‐expression significantly reduced myostatin expression and plasma free fatty acids levels but maintained plasma insulin levels in tumour‐bearing mice. These positive effects of SIRT6 were associated with downregulation of the circulatory chemokine, CXCL10, and the myokine, WNT4. SIRT6 also upregulated expression of GLUT4, the major glucose transporter in the skeletal muscle. These results for the first time demonstrate that SIRT6 regulates multiple targets to limit tumour growth and cancer‐associated muscle atrophy.ConclusionGiven the multifactorial nature of cachexia, SIRT6, which concurrently controls multiple pathways, can be a valuable therapeutic target to overcome this debilitating syndrome.
Sarcoidosis presenting as vocal cord palsy: an unusual presentation and literature review
Authors: Raja Mohummad Hassan Raza , Javed Muhammad Abdullah , Zubairi Ali Bin Sarwar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a 60‐year‐old woman, presenting with left vocal cord paralysis (VCP). Diagnostic evaluation revealed sarcoidosis to be the underlying pathology. Computed tomography (CT) scans exhibited enlarged subcarinal, pretracheal, and prevascular lymph nodes as the possible mechanism of left VCP through compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Initial treatment with oral prednisolone and azathioprine led to remission of symptoms; however, tapering of dosage led to relapse of cough without any signs of VCP. The dosage of prednisolone was further boosted, leading to complete remission. A review of literature reveals 20 cases have been reported to date, with all but one involving the left vocal cord. This is the first reported case, with a relapse of the disease without a relapse of VCP, indicating the rarity of sarcoidosis‐associated VCP.
A numerical modeling‐based predictive methodology for the assessment of the impacts of ship waves on YOY fish
Authors: Fleit Gábor , Hauer Christoph , Baranya Sándor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe effects of inland navigation on the aquatic ecosystem are numerous. One of the most relevant impacts from the ecohydraulic point of view is ship‐induced waves, resulting in the local and temporary alteration of the hydrodynamic regime, especially in shallow water areas. In this paper, a novel hydrodynamic modeling‐based evaluation framework is presented and tested for the prediction of habitat use and drift risk of juvenile fish during wave events of different intensities. A vertically resolved numerical wave tank was built up using field measurements of a real vessel‐generated wave event from the Hungarian Danube. High‐frequency pressure time series were utilized to numerically reproduce the phase accurate wave trains, while acoustic Doppler velocity time series were exploited for the verification of the model. Results of the spatiotemporally resolved hydrodynamic model were combined with data from the literature to explore a case study of juvenile Nase (Chondrostoma nasus). Results highlighted the significant horizontal extension (10–15 m) of the area exposed to decreased habitat suitability and increased drift risk. Moreover, the model revealed significant vertical variabilities in the investigated near‐bank area as well, emphasizing the relevance of depth resolved hydrodynamic modeling in ecohydraulic investigations.
Phosphorization Engineering on Metal–Organic Frameworks for Quasi‐Solid‐State Asymmetry Supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Xijun , Song Yingze , Song Lixian , Liu Xu Dong , Li Yanhong , Yao Shuangrui , Xiao Peng , Zhang Yunhuai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPorous carbon and metal oxides/sulfides prepared by using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as the precursors have been widely applied to the realm of supercapacitors. However, employing MOF‐derived metal phosphides as positive and negative electrode materials for supercapacitors has scarcely been reported thus far. Herein, two types of MOFs are used as the precursors to prepare CoP and FeP4 nanocubes through a two‐step controllable heat treatment process. Due to the advantages of composition and structure, the specific capacitances of FeP4 and CoP nanocubes reach 345 and 600 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1, respectively. Moreover, a quasi‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled based on charge matching principle by employing CoP and FeP4 nanocubes as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, which exhibits a high energy density of 46.38 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 695 W kg−1. Furthermore, a solar‐charging power system is assembled by combining the quasi‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor and monocrystalline silicon plates, substantiating that the device can power the toy electric fan. This work paves a practical way toward the rational design of quasi‐solid‐state asymmetry supercapacitors systems affording favorable energy density and long lifespan.
Video surveillance in examination monitoring
Authors: Agwi Uche C. , Irhebhude Martins E. , Ogwueleka Francisca N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis research assesses the efficacy of video surveillance systems in monitoring examinations in Nigerian tertiary institutions of learning. Four research questions were drawn to guide the study. Samples for the study were drawn from the population of lecturers and ICT personnel from selected tertiary institutions that are acquainted with invigilation of examination and the use of surveillance infrastructures. Questionnaires were distributed to 200 audiences online for their opinions regarding the subject of the study. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel application and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used as the estimation technique. The F‐statistic was used to determine the level of significance at 5%. From the analysis of research question one, the F‐statistics of 20.575 and P‐values of .000 at a 5% level of significance shows that CCTV systems are becoming more relevant in monitoring examination. From the analysis of research question two, the F‐statistic of 1.993 and P‐value of .092 at a 5% level of significance reveals that the conventional use of CCTV systems for monitoring examinations in Nigerian tertiary institutions is not effective. Analyzing results of research question three with F‐statistics 17.435 and P‐values .000 at 5% level of significance shows that there is a significant difference in the effectiveness of automating CCTV system compared to conventional usage while analysis of research question four shows that all the items were statistically significant as operational challenges faced by tertiary institutions in the deployment and use of CCTV systems with F‐statistic of 17.401 and P‐value of .000 at 5% level of significance.
Origin of the apogamous Japanese fern Dryopteris yakusilvicola (Dryopteridaceae)
Authors: Hori Kiyotaka , Ebihara Atsushi , Murakami Noriaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Japanese apogamous fern Dryopteris yakusilvicola was previously thought to be a hybrid of D. sabaei and D. sparsa var. sparsa based on morphological characterization and enzyme electrophoresis. However, the phylogenetic relationships with D. hayatae, D. melanocarpa var. melanocarpa, D. melanocarpa var. elegans, and D. sparsa var. ryukyuensis have been unclear. We performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences of two plastid (trnL‐F, rbcL) and one low‐copy nuclear marker (AK1) of Dryopteris yakusilvicola and related species. The origin of D. yakusilvicola is not a hybrid between D. sparsa var. sparsa and D. sabaei, but the parents appear to have been undetected species closely related to D. melanocarpa var. elegans and D. sabaei. Analysis of additional species of the D. sparsa complex around Southeast Asia and additional nuclear markers are needed to clarify the relationships of this complex.
Conventional and Kampo medicine in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID‐19: A multicenter, retrospective observational study protocol by the Integrative Management in Japan for Epidemic Disease (IMJEDI study‐Observation)
Authors: Takayama Shin , Kashima Masayuki , Namiki Takao , Ito Takashi , Ono Rie , Arita Ryutaro , Saito Natsumi , Nakae Hajime , Irie Yasuhito , Kobayashi Seiichi , Yoshino Tetsuhiro , Ishigami Tomoaki , Tanaka Koichiro , Nogami Tatsuya , Minakawa Satoko , Nagase Mahiko , Kashio Akihiko , Ishige Tatsuya , Maehara Hirofumi , Saito Toshiaki , Sempuku Sadahiro , Yamazaki Mayuko , Tahara Eiichi , Suda Norio , Nakamoto Kayo , Mitsuma Tadamichi , Sato Hiroko , Shimooki Osamu , Nakada Yoshinobu , Abe Shuichi , Masuda Takuya , Kai Hiroki , Yokota Kenichi , Chiba Shigeki , Saitoh Fumihiro , Tanaka Yutaka , Koizumi Sayaka , Fujii Susumu , Katori Rie , Kainuma Mosaburo , Nochioka Kotaro , Chiu Shih‐Wei , Kikuchi Akiko , Suzuki Tomoko , Mimura Masaru , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Ishii Tadashi 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTAimWe present the study protocol of a multicenter, retrospective observational study that aims to investigate the efficacy of the actual treatment (the efficacy of conventional and Kampo medicines) of patients with mild to moderate or suspected coronavirus disease (COVID‐19).MethodsThis study is designed as a multicenter, retrospective observational study. Outpatients and inpatients will be recruited from Japanese hospitals. The inclusion criteria are as follows: having or suspected to have COVID‐19, mild to moderate COVID‐19, symptomatic, ≥20 years of age, male or female, able to communicate in Japanese, and treated with conventional and Kampo medicine. The exclusion criteria are: unable to provide informed consent due to dementia, psychosis, or psychiatric symptoms, severe COVID‐19, or determined unsuitable for this study. The sample size is set at 1000, as this number of people can be treated at the collaborating medical institutions during the study period.ResultsThe main outcome is the number of days without fever, with a body temperature of less than 37°C. The secondary outcome is set at common cold‐like symptoms other than fever (fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, sputum, diarrhea) and severity of illness and hospitalization up to 14 days after the visit.Trial registrationThe trial was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (Reservation No. UMIN000041301) on August 4, 2020.ConclusionOur study will explore the contribution of conventional and Kampo medicine in the treatment of patients with mild and moderate COVID‐19.
Structural Plasticity in the Frank‐Kasper Realm: Chemical Pressure Roles of the μ‐ and χ‐Phase Units in the Mo−Fe−Cr System
Authors: Hilleke Katerina P. , Kamp Kendall R. , Lin Yueai , Fredrickson Daniel C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntermetallic phases have been known to exhibit a wide diversity since Pauling's seminal investigations into NaCd2 in the 1920s that, along with Cd3Cu4 and Mg2Al3, was shown by Samson to crystallize with a giant cubic cell containing >1000 atoms. The concept of structural plasticity – the notion that complex structures emerge from the release of internal stresses that would arise in simpler structures – has recently been used to account for one family of intermetallics, tracing the structures of Ca2Ag7, Ca14Cd51, CaPd5, and CaCd6 to chemical pressure (CP) issues in the CaCu5 type. Here, we extend the ideal of structural plasticity closer to the giant cells elucidated by Pauling and Samson through its application to a series of Mo−Fe−Cr Frank‐Kasper phases. We begin with a DFT‐CP analysis of the MgZn2‐type phase MoFe2, which serves as a parent structure to μ‐Mo6Fe7 and χ‐Mo5Cr6Fe18. The analysis reveals negative CPs around the Mo atoms arising from collisions between the Fe atoms. Tighter Mo coordination is provided in the μ‐ or χ‐phases by substituting some of the Friauf polyhedra of MoFe2 with either μ‐ and χ‐phase units, resulting in layers or blocks of Laves‐like connectivity. Sites preferences in the μ‐phase and the role of Cr substitution in the χ‐phase are explained through the dual lenses of CP and electronegativity. Parallels to the features of NaCd2 hint that such giant‐unit‐celled intermetallics can represent striking manifestations of structural plasticity.
Multi-Scenario Evaluation of the Direct Method in Strapdown Airborne and Shipborne Gravimetry
Authors: Johann Felix , Becker David , Becker Matthias , Ince E. Sinem 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, it was shown that the quality of strapdown airborne gravimetry using a navigation-grade strapdown inertial measurement unit (IMU) could be on par with “classical” airborne gravimeters as the 2-axis stabilized LaCoste and Romberg S-type gravimeter. Basically, two processing approaches exist in strapdown gravimetry. Applying the indirect method (also referred to as “inertial navigation approach” or “one-step approach”), all observations – raw GNSS observations or position solutions, IMU specific force and angular rate measurements – are combined in a single Kalman Filter. Alternatively, applying the direct method (also referred to as “accelerometry approach” or “cascaded approach”), GNSS position solutions are numerically differentiated twice to get the vehicle’s kinematic acceleration, which is then directly removed from the IMU specific force measurement in order to obtain gravity. In the scope of this paper, test runs for the application of strapdown airborne and shipborne gravimetry are evaluated using an iMAR iNAV-RQH-1003 IMU. Results of the direct and the indirect methods are compared to each other. Additionally, a short introduction to the processing scheme of the Chekan-AM gravimeter data is given and differences between Chekan-AM and strapdown results of the shipborne campaigns are analysed. Using the same data set, the cross-over residuals suggest a similar accuracy of 0.39 mGal for the Chekan-AM and 0.41 mGal for the adjusted strapdown results (direct method).
Einleitung: das Universum von Möglichkeiten
Authors: Loge Lena 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungMit dieser Arbeit wird ein Beitrag zu der Frage geleistet, wie soziale Ungleichheit beim Zugang zur Hochschule, speziell beim Zugang zu spezifischen Studienfächern, zu erklären ist und wie soziales Milieu und Geschlecht hier zusammenwirken. Dazu werden die Perspektiven der Geschlechterforschung auf Bildungs-und Berufsentscheidungen aufgearbeitet, um sie anschließend mit dem Habituskonzept von Bourdieu und der daran anschließenden Milieuforschung nach Vester und anderen konzeptionell zu verbinden.
Belastungs- und Ressourcensituation operativer Führungskräfte bei virtueller Teamarbeit. Herausforderungen für die Gestaltung der Arbeit
Authors: Latniak Erich , Schäfer Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Beitrag werden die spezifischen Anforderungen an operative Führungskräfte (wie Team- oder Projektleitende) in virtuellen Arbeitsumgebungen skizziert. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen einer Literaturanalyse und von Interviews wurden Ressourcen- und Belastungsfaktoren identifiziert und dann in Feedbackgesprächen bei operativen Führungskräften überwiegend im IT- Bereich explorativ erhoben. Erste Befunde zur Ressourcen- und Belastungssituation der befragten operativen Führungskräfte werden dargestellt. Aus diesen werden Ansatzpunkte für ein verbessertes Ressourcenmanagement und eine präventive Arbeitsgestaltung abgeleitet, die sowohl auf individuelle Handlungsmöglichkeiten wie auf arbeitspolitische Regulierung im Betrieb gerichtet sind.
Team- und Projektarbeit in der digitalisierten Produktentwicklung
Authors: Zorn Victoria , Baschin Julian , Reining Nine , Inkermann David , Vietor Thomas , Kauffeld Simone 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung erhöht einerseits die Komplexität der Produkte im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau (z. B. Cyber-Physische Systeme) und bietet andererseits vielfältige Möglichkeiten und Hilfsmittel zur Gestaltung von Arbeit. Die dafür nötigen Änderungen sind entsprechend komplex und tiefgreifender als nur die Anwendung einer neuen Technologie (z. B. neue Software, digitale Hilfsmittel). Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt ein konzeptionelles Modell auf, das Produktentwicklungsprojekte auf Prozess-, Methoden- und Kompetenzebene sowie aus Teamperspektive betrachtet. Für Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekte können damit unter anderem digitalisierungsbedingte Veränderungsbedarfe identifiziert und gestaltet werden. An Fallbeispielen zur virtuellen Inbetriebnahme und zur standortübergreifenden Zusammenarbeit werden Anwendung des Modells sowie die entstandenen Ergebnisse aufgezeigt. Es zeigt sich, dass durch den ganzheitlichen Zugang sowohl Erfolgsfaktoren als auch Hindernisse sichtbar gemacht und damit aktiv genutzt bzw. adressiert werden können. Abschließend werden Handlungsempfehlungen basierend auf den Erkenntnissen aus den Fallbeispielen abgeleitet.
Holographic subdiffusion
Authors: Ganesan Koushik , Lucas Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We initiate a study of finite temperature transport in gapless and strongly coupled quantum theories with charge and dipole conservation using gauge-gravity duality. In a model with non-dynamical gravity, the bulk fields of our model include a suitable mixed-rank tensor which encodes the boundary multipole symmetry. We describe how such a theory can arise at low energies in a theory with a covariant bulk action. Studying response functions at zero density, we find that charge relaxes via a fourth-order subdiffusion equation, consistent with a recently-developed field-theoretic framework.
Stability of characters and filters for weighted semilattices
Authors: Choi Yemon , Ghandehari Mahya , Pham Hung Le 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe continue the study of the AMNM property for weighted semilattices that was initiated in Choi (J Aust Math Soc 95(1):36–67, 2013. 10.1017/S1446788713000189). We reformulate this in terms of stability of filters with respect to a given weight function, and then provide a combinatorial condition which is necessary and sufficient for this “filter stability” property to hold. Examples are given to show that this new condition allows for easier and unified proofs of some results in loc. cit., and furthermore allows us to verify the AMNM property in situations not covered by the results of that paper. As a final application, we show that for a large class of semilattices, arising naturally as union-closed set systems, one can always construct weights for which the AMNM property fails.
Differential expression of the BCAT isoforms between breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Shafei Mai Ahmed , Flemban Arwa , Daly Carl , Kendrick Paul , White Paul , Dean Sarah , Qualtrough David , Conway Myra E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Biological characterisation of breast cancer subtypes is essential as it informs treatment regimens especially as different subtypes have distinct locoregional patterns. This is related to metabolic phenotype, where altered cellular metabolism is a fundamental adaptation of cancer cells during rapid proliferation. In this context, the metabolism of the essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), catalysed by the human branched-chain aminotransferase proteins (hBCAT), offers multiple benefits for tumour growth. Upregulation of the cytosolic isoform of hBCAT (hBCATc), regulated by c-Myc, has been demonstrated to increase cell migration, tumour aggressiveness and proliferation in gliomas, ovarian and colorectal cancer but the importance of the mitochondrial isoform, hBCATm has not been fully investigated.

Methods
Using immunohistochemistry, the expression profile of metabolic proteins (hBCAT, IDH) was assessed between breast cancer subtypes, HER2 + , luminal A, luminal B and TNBC. Correlations between the percentage and the intensity of protein expression/co-expression with clinical parameters, such as hormone receptor status, tumour stage, lymph-node metastasis and survival, were determined.

Results
We show that hBCATc expression was found to be significantly associated with the more aggressive HER2 + and luminal B subtypes, whilst hBCATm and IDH1 associated with luminal A subtype. This was concomitant with better prognosis indicating a differential metabolic reliance between these two subtypes, in which enhanced expression of IDH1 may replenish the α-ketoglutarate pool in cells with increased hBCATm expression.

Conclusion
The cytosolic isoform of BCAT is associated with tumours that express HER2 receptors, whereas the mitochondrial isoform is highly expressed in tumours that are ER + , indicating that the BCAT proteins are regulated through different signalling pathways, which may lead to the identification of novel targets for therapeutic applications targeting dysregulated cancer metabolism.
School burnout and psychosocial problems among adolescents: Grit as a resilience factor
Authors: Tang Xin , Upadyaya Katja , Salmela‐Aro Katariina 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe present study investigated whether grit can mitigate the associations between school burnout, loneliness, and depressive symptoms among adolescents. It also examined gender differences.MethodsThis study included 1296 seventh and 1166 eighth graders from Finland. The study variables were self‐reported and regression analysis was performed.ResultsThis study found that two grit facets – consistency of interest and perseverance of effort – played resilient roles in school burnout. A high level of grit substantially reduced reported depressive symptoms when adolescents experienced high school burnout. Our further analysis showed that the role of grit was more pronounced among boys than among girls. When male adolescents were at risk of school burnout, both consistency of interest and perseverance of effort protected them and they had only low levels of loneliness and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that grit can act as a resilience factor among adolescents.