bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper–zinc imbalance induces kidney tubule damage and oxidative stress in a population exposed to chronic environmental cadmium
Authors: Eom Sang-Yong , Yim Dong-Hyuk , Huang Mingai , Park Choong-Hee , Kim Guen-Bae , Yu Seung-Do , Choi Byung-Sun , Park Jung-Duck , Kim Yong-Dae , Kim Heon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the effect of environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure and essential metal imbalance on renal tubular damage and oxidative stress in 979 adults living in a Cd-polluted area near an abandoned copper (Cu) refinery.

Methods
We analyzed urinary Cd concentrations, renal tubular damage and oxidative stress markers, such as beta-2 microglobulin (β2-MG) and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and urine malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The serum copper-to-zinc ratio (CZR) was used as an essential metal imbalance indicator. We divided the subjects into two Cd exposure groups based on the reference level of urinary Cd for renal dysfunction (2 μg/g creatinine).

Results
The geometric mean concentration of urinary Cd in all subjects was 2.25 μg/g creatinine. In both low and high Cd exposure groups, urinary Cd levels were positively correlated with urinary NAG activity, but not with serum CZR. After multivariate adjustment, serum CZR was strongly associated with urinary β2-MG levels in the low Cd exposure group (β = 1.360, P = 0.019) and was significantly associated with urinary MDA levels, regardless of Cd exposure level. In addition, the risk of renal tubular damage was significantly associated with urinary Cd level, particularly in the lowest or highest CZR tertile groups.

Conclusions
Essential metal imbalance may be a determinant of oxidative stress and renal tubular damage in a chronically Cd-exposed population, and proper zinc supplementation will be effective in preventing adverse health effects due to Cd exposure.
The role of WNK in modulation of KCl cotransport activity in red cells from normal individuals and patients with sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Lu David C.-Y. , Hannemann Anke , Wadud Rasiqh , Rees David C. , Brewin John N. , Low Philip S. , Gibson John S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAbnormal activity of red cell KCl cotransport (KCC) is involved in pathogenesis of sickle cell anaemia (SCA). KCC-mediated solute loss causes shrinkage, concentrates HbS, and promotes HbS polymerisation. Red cell KCC also responds to various stimuli including pH, volume, urea, and oxygen tension, and regulation involves protein phosphorylation. The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of the WNK/SPAK/OSR1 pathway in sickle cells. The pan WNK inhibitor WNK463 stimulated KCC with an EC50of 10.9 ± 1.1 nM and 7.9 ± 1.2 nM in sickle and normal red cells, respectively. SPAK/OSR1 inhibitors had little effect. The action of WNK463 was not additive with other kinase inhibitors (staurosporine andN-ethylmaleimide). Its effects were largely abrogated by pre-treatment with the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A. WNK463 also reduced the effects of physiological KCC stimuli (pH, volume, urea) and abolished any response of KCC to changes in oxygen tension. Finally, although protein kinases have been implicated in regulation of phosphatidylserine exposure, WNK463 had no effect. Findings indicate a predominant role for WNKs in control of KCC in sickle cells but an apparent absence of downstream involvement of SPAK/OSR1. A more complete understanding of the mechanisms will inform pathogenesis whilst manipulation of WNK activity represents a potential therapeutic approach.
Use of amniotic membrane for radial forearm free flap donor site coverage: clinical, functional and cosmetic outcomes
Authors: Hunger Stefan , Postl Lukas , Stehrer Raphael , Hingsammer Lukas , Krennmair Stefan , Feistl Wolfgang , Malek Michael , Krennmair Gerald 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the clinical, functional and aesthetic outcomes for radial forearm free flap (RFFF) donor sites covered with amniotic membrane (AM).

Material and methods
The healing process of patients with RFFF donor sites covered with AM was prospectively followed for 1 year. Additionally at the 12-month evaluation, objective scoring systems were used to assess the aesthetic (Vancouver scar scale, VSS: range 1–13) and functional outcome (skin sensibility, hand/wrist functionality [goniometer], grip strength [score 1 = excellent, 5 = poor]). By using a subjective rating system (score 1 = excellent, 5 = poor), the patient-reported aesthetic and functionality outcome was correlated with objective data analysis.

Results
Twenty-one out of 23 patients were followed for 12 months (dropout: 2 patients at 3 months). In 17/23 (73.9%) patients RFFF defect covered with AM showed an uneventful healing period (< 3 months). Prolonged healing periods (> 3 months < 6) for 6 patients (26.1%) were attributed to wound infections (4×), seroma (1×) and inflammation (1×). At the 1-year evaluation, there was a significant (p < 0.01) correlation between subjective (2.0 ± 0.71) and objective aesthetic scores (VVS 3.74 ± 2.18), and a successful grip strength (score 1.67 ± 0.86); however, thumb hyposensibility in 76.2% was seen. A high body mass index (BMI) was in conjunction with a negative (p = 0.012) and the use of antihypertensive medications provided positive effects (p = 0.041) on the aesthetic outcome.

Conclusion
RFFF donor site defects covered using AM show excellent clinical, aesthetic and functional outcome representing patient comorbidities (BMI, antihypertensive drugs) might affect the aesthetic outcome.

Clinical relevance
In relation to the excellent outcomes found, the use of AM offers an alternative treatment procedure for RFFF defect covering.
Treatment of temporomandibular joint luxation: a systematic literature review
Authors: Abrahamsson Helene , Eriksson Lars , Abrahamsson Peter , Häggman-Henrikson Birgitta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical and nonsurgical treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation.

Materials and methods
This systematic literature review searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify randomized controlled trials on TMJ luxation treatment published between the inception of each database and 26 March 2018.

Results
Two authors assessed 113 unique abstracts according to the inclusion criteria and read nine articles in full text. Eight articles comprising 338 patients met the inclusion criteria, but none of these evaluated surgical techniques. Three studies including 185 patients concerned acute treatment with manual reduction of luxation while five studies including 153 patients evaluated minimally invasive methods with injection of autologous blood or dextrose prolotherapy for recurrent TMJ luxation. These studies reported that mouth opening after treatment was reduced and that independent of type of injection, recurrences of TMJ luxation were rare in most patients.

Conclusions
In the absence of randomized studies on surgical techniques, autologous blood injection in the superior joint space and pericapsular tissues with intermaxillary fixation seems to be the treatment for recurrent TMJ luxation that at present has the best scientific support. Well-designed studies on surgical techniques with sufficient numbers of patients, long-term follow-ups, and patient experience assessment are needed for selection of the optimal surgical treatment methods.

Clinical relevance
Autologous blood injection combined with intermaxillary fixation can be recommended for patients with recurrence of TMJ luxation.
Pretreatment body mass index as a prognostic predictor in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chang Wei-Chin , Yang Cheng-Yu , Lin Chun-Shu , Lin Chih-Kung , Chen Yuan-Wu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate whether low body mass index (BMI) is a potential adverse prognostic factor in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Material and methods
This cross-sectional study included 320 patients with OSCC who underwent therapeutic surgical treatment in Taiwan. The pretreatment BMI was measured as a common indicator of the pretreatment nutritional status to calculate the overall survival in Kaplan-Meier method. The adverse histopathological features of margin status, depth of invasion (DOI), lymphovascular invasion (LVSI), perineural invasion (PNI), and extranodal extension (ENE) were analyzed using the Cox regression model.

Results
Low BMI (underweight), DOI > 5 mm, and ENE were identified as detrimental prognostic factors. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, the low BMI group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.683; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.116–2.539; P = 0.022), DOI > 5 mm (OR = 2.399; 95% CI 1.459–3.943; P = 0.001), and ENE (OR = 2.467; 95% CI 1.540–3.951; P = 0.000) yielded reduced survival rate.

Conclusions
The lower BMI had an important and significant effect on the survival of patients with oral cancer and their surgical outcomes. In addition to the adverse histopathological features, a DOI > 5 mm and positive ENE were also identified as the most important prognostic factors.

Clinical relevance
Underweight patients with low BMI, DOI of > 5 mm, and positive ENE should receive more intensive nutritional supplementation and postoperative adjuvant therapy.
A DEM study of powder spreading in additive layer manufacturing
Authors: Fouda Yahia M. , Bayly Andrew E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, discrete element method simulations were used to study the spreading of an idealised, blade based, powder coating system representative of the spreading of spherical, mono-sized, non-cohesive titanium alloy (Ti6AlV4) particles in additive layer manufacturing applications. A vertical spreader blade was used to accelerate a powder heap across a horizontal surface, with a thin gap between the blade and the surface, resulting in the deposition of a thin powder layer. The results showed that it is inevitable to deposit a powder layer with a lower packing fraction than the initial powder heap due to three mechanisms: shear-induced dilation during the initiation of powder motion by the spreader; dilation and rearrangement due to powder motion through the gap; and the inertia of the particles in the deposited powder layer. It was shown that the process conditions control the contribution of these three mechanisms, and that the velocity profile in the shear layer in front of the gap is critical to the final deposited layer packing fraction. The higher the mean normalised velocity in the shear layer the lower the deposited layer packing fraction. The gap thickness and the spreader blade velocity affect the properties of the deposited layer; with the former increasing its packing fraction and the latter decreasing it. The analysis presented in this study could be adapted to powders of different materials, morphologies and surface properties.
This Time from Africa: Developing a Relational Approach to Values-Driven Leadership
Authors: Pérezts Mar , Russon Jo-Anna , Painter Mollie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe importance of relationality in ethical leadership has been the focus of recent attention in business ethics scholarship. However, this relational component has not been sufficiently theorized from different philosophical perspectives, allowing specific Western philosophical conceptions to dominate the leadership development literature. This paper offers a theoretical analysis of the relational ontology that informs various conceptualizations of selfhood from both African and Western philosophical traditions and unpacks its implications for values-driven leadership. We aim to broaden Western conceptions of leadership development by drawing on twentieth century European philosophy’s insights on relationality, but more importantly, to show how African philosophical traditions precede this literature in its insistence on a relational ontology of the self. To illustrate our theoretical argument, we reflect on an executive education course called values-driven leadership into action, which ran in South Africa, Kenya, and Egypt in 2016, 2017, and 2018. We highlight an African-inspired employment of relationality through its use of the ME-WE-WORLD framework, articulating its theoretical assumptions with embodied experiential learning.
Quality of life in patients with liver tumors treated with holmium-166 radioembolization
Authors: van Roekel Caren , Smits Maarten L. J. , Prince Jip F. , Bruijnen Rutger C. G. , van den Bosch Maurice A. A. J. , Lam Marnix G. E. H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHolmium-166 radioembolization is a palliative treatment option for patients with unresectable hepatic malignancies. Its influence on quality of life has not been evaluated yet. Since quality of life is very important in the final stages of disease, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of holmium-166 radioembolization on quality of life. Patients with hepatic malignancies were treated with holmium-166 radioembolization in the HEPAR I and II studies. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and LMC21 questionnaires were used to evaluate quality of life at baseline, 1 week, 6 weeks and at 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment. The course of the global health status and symptom and functioning scales were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Quality of life was studied in a total of 53 patients with a compliance of 94%. Role functioning was the most affected functioning scale. Fatigue and pain were the most affected symptom scales. Changes in almost all categories were most notable at 1 week after treatment. A higher WHO performance score at baseline decreased global health status, physical functioning, role functioning and social functioning and it increased symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea and diarrhea. Quality of life in salvage patients with liver metastases treated with holmium-166 radioembolization was not significantly affected over time, although a striking decline was seen during the first week post-treatment. A WHO performance score > 0 at baseline significantly influenced quality of life.
A survey on semi-supervised learning
Authors: van Engelen Jesper E. , Hoos Holger H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSemi-supervised learning is the branch of machine learning concerned with using labelled as well as unlabelled data to perform certain learning tasks. Conceptually situated between supervised and unsupervised learning, it permits harnessing the large amounts of unlabelled data available in many use cases in combination with typically smaller sets of labelled data. In recent years, research in this area has followed the general trends observed in machine learning, with much attention directed at neural network-based models and generative learning. The literature on the topic has also expanded in volume and scope, now encompassing a broad spectrum of theory, algorithms and applications. However, no recent surveys exist to collect and organize this knowledge, impeding the ability of researchers and engineers alike to utilize it. Filling this void, we present an up-to-date overview of semi-supervised learning methods, covering earlier work as well as more recent advances. We focus primarily on semi-supervised classification, where the large majority of semi-supervised learning research takes place. Our survey aims to provide researchers and practitioners new to the field as well as more advanced readers with a solid understanding of the main approaches and algorithms developed over the past two decades, with an emphasis on the most prominent and currently relevant work. Furthermore, we propose a new taxonomy of semi-supervised classification algorithms, which sheds light on the different conceptual and methodological approaches for incorporating unlabelled data into the training process. Lastly, we show how the fundamental assumptions underlying most semi-supervised learning algorithms are closely connected to each other, and how they relate to the well-known semi-supervised clustering assumption.
Adolescent Sex and Psyche in Brazil: Surveillance, Critique and Global Mental Health
Authors: Béhague Dominique P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDrawing on a historical ethnography conducted in Southern Brazil, this article explores how public health programs for adolescent reproductive and mental health have emerged in Brazil and begun to intersect with the growing field of “global mental health” (GMH). The story I recount begins not in the 2010s with the rapid rise of expert interest in adolescent health within GMH, but in the 1990s, the decade when young teens in Brazil were first coming into contact with practices and approaches in research, schools and clinics that have both underpinnedandcritiqued the production of an adolescent mental and reproductive health sub-field. In parsing what young women’s encounters with the then newly-emerging questionnaires, measurement tools, school-based programs and clinical practices came to mean to them, I use a genealogical approach to consider how histories of education reform, population control, psychoanalysis, social medicine, the transition to democracy, feminism and grass-roots politics all entered the fold, shaping the way adolescent sex-and-psyche materialized as a contested object of expertise. I end by exploring what this case can teach global mental health advocates and social theorists about practices of critique.
Ambiguity aversion behind the veil of ignorance
Authors: Stefánsson H. Orri 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe veil of ignorance argument was used by John C. Harsanyi to defend Utilitarianism and by John Rawls to defend the absolute priority of the worst off. In a recent paper, Lara Buchak revives the veil of ignorance argument, and uses it to defend an intermediate position between Harsanyi’s and Rawls’ that she calls Relative Prioritarianism. None of these authors explore the implications of allowing that agent’s behind the veil are sensitive to ambiguity. Allowing foraversionto ambiguity—which is both the most commonly observed and a seemingly reasonable attitude to ambiguity—however supports a version of Egalitarianism, whose logical form is quite different from the theories defended by the aforementioned authors. Moreover, it turns out that the veil of ignorance argument neither supports standard Utilitarianism nor Prioritarianism unless we assume that rational people are insensitive to ambiguity.
Disparate Central and Peripheral Effects of Circulating IGF-1 Deficiency on Tissue Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Pharaoh Gavin , Owen Daniel , Yeganeh Alexander , Premkumar Pavithra , Farley Julie , Bhaskaran Shylesh , Ashpole Nicole , Kinter Michael , Van Remmen Holly , Logan Sreemathi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAge-related decline in circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 is associated with reduced cognitive function, neuronal aging, and neurodegeneration. Decreased mitochondrial function along with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and accumulation of damaged macromolecules are hallmarks of cellular aging. Based on numerous studies indicating pleiotropic effects of IGF-1 during aging, we compared the central and peripheral effects of circulating IGF-1 deficiency on tissue mitochondrial function using an inducible liver IGF-1 knockout (LID). Circulating levels of IGF-1 (~ 75%) were depleted in adult maleIgf1f/fmice via AAV-mediated knockdown of hepatic IGF-1 at 5 months of age. Cognitive function was evaluated at 18 months using the radial arm water maze and glucose and insulin tolerance assessed. Mitochondrial function was analyzed in hippocampus, muscle, and visceral fat tissues using high-resolution respirometry O2K as well as redox status and oxidative stress in the cortex. Peripherally, IGF-1 deficiency did not significantly impact muscle mass or mitochondrial function. Aged LID mice were insulin resistant and exhibited ~ 60% less adipose tissue but increased fat mitochondrial respiration (20%). The effects on fat metabolism were attributed to increases in growth hormone. Centrally, IGF-1 deficiency impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial acquisition as well as reversal learning in male mice. Hippocampal mitochondrial OXPHOS coupling efficiency and cortex ATP levels (~ 50%) were decreased and hippocampal oxidative stress (protein carbonylation and F2-isoprostanes) was increased. These data suggest that IGF-1 is critical for regulating mitochondrial function, redox status, and spatial learning in the central nervous system but has limited impact on peripheral (liver and muscle) metabolism with age. Therefore, IGF-1 deficiency with age may increase sensitivity to damage in the brain and propensity for cognitive deficits. Targeting mitochondrial function in the brain may be an avenue for therapy of age-related impairment of cognitive function. Regulation of mitochondrial function and redox status by IGF-1 is essential to maintain brain function and coordinate hippocampal-dependent spatial learning. While a decline in IGF-1 in the periphery may be beneficial to avert cancer progression, diminished central IGF-1 signaling may mediate, in part, age-related cognitive dysfunction and cognitive pathologies potentially by decreasing mitochondrial function.
Organizing a Rainbow Coalition of Revolutionary Solidarity
Authors: Middlebrook Jeb Aram 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article considers the possibilities and limitations of multiracial alliances and antiracist organizing in and beyond the USA by analyzing the Rainbow Coalition of Revolutionary Solidarity in Chicago from 1969 to 1972. The article argues this coalition—involving the Black Panther Party, Young Lords, and Young Patriots, among other diverse organizations—demonstrated a powerful model of organizing across race for revolutionary social change, which structured self-determination in communities-of-color alongside white communities’ responsibility for ending white supremacy.
Time for work: Analyzing the role of time perspectives in work attitudes and behaviors
Authors: Wojtkowska Katarzyna , Stolarski Maciej , Matthews Gerald 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious research has provided strong evidence for a pronounced role of time perspective (TP) in various areas of human functioning, including cognitive processes, mental and physical health, environmental behaviors, and relationship quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of individual differences in TP in work-related attitudes and behaviors. In a sample of 200 office workers, we administered a set of questionnaires measuring TPs, job satisfaction, work engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB). Additionally, we controlled for the Big Five personality traits which may be related to the work-related outcomes of interest. Analyses of the data revealed that Future-Positive TP predicted more desired work-related outcomes, i.e., higher job satisfaction, work engagement, and OCB, and lower CWB. An opposite pattern of associations was observed for Present-Fatalistic, Deviation from Balanced Time Perspective, and (partially) for Future-Negative TPs. The vast majority of these effects were still significant after controlling for personality traits. Using path modelling we also demonstrated that the effects of TPs on work behaviors (OCB and CWB) are mostly mediated by job satisfaction and engagement. The present results suggest that TP theory may prove to be a useful tool in organizational psychology for understanding individual differences in work behaviors.