bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Freeze-Drying and Cooking on Shrimp Quality
Authors: Moorhouse Barbara R , Salwin Harold 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Approximately 500 pounds of white shrimp were stored in crushed ice until they decomposed. Portions were withdrawn at intervals and processed. Based on judgments of odor, shrimp that reached a stage of incipient decomposition before processing were rated as passable after they were freeze-dried or cooked. The organoleptic quality of samples that reached a stage of advanced decomposition was also improved by processing, but not to the extent of their being classified as passable. Aerobic plate counts increased during storage but they were reduced significantly by freezedrying or cooking. Although there were changes in composition during storage, the classical chemical tests used were of limited value for assessing the degree of decomposition. Also, many volatile decomposition products were lost during processing. Computing the results of chemical analyses on a moisturefree basis offered distinct advantages. Inasmuch as organoleptic, bacteriological, and chemical tests on the finished products failed to reveal the decomposed condition of the starting material, there is need for additional investigation of methods for that purpose.
High Resolution Infrared Spectra of Some Naturally Occurring Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons. II. Second Series
Authors: Wenninger John A , Yates Ronald L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An additional 24 high resolution IR spectra of naturally occurring sesquiterpene hydrocarbons are presented. Compounds were isolated from essential oils and purified by GLC techniques. The purity of each compound was checked by capillary column GLC. Infrared spectra of the following compounds are included: aromadendrene, allo-aromadendrene, cis-α-bergamotene, trans-β-bergamotene, cisa-α-bisabolene, trans-α-bisabolene, “α2-bisabolene“, cis-γ-bisabolene, β-cadinene, β1-cadinene, α-calacorene, chamazulene, β-chamigrene, “cubenene“, α-himachalene, β-himachalene, longicyclene, longifolene, α-muurolene, γ-muurolene, γ-patchoulene, epi-β-santalene, selina-4,ll-diene, and ylangene.
Assessment of the Nutritive Value of Heated Fish Protein Concentrates (FPC) by a Simple In Vitro Pepsin Digestion Procedure
Authors: Knipfel J E , Botting H G , Mclaughlan J M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple in vitro pepsin digestion procedure with capacity for large numbers of samples has been developed for assessing the nutritive value of FPC in quality control laboratories. In vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) of autoclaved FPC was significantly correlated with in vivo DMD of the same FPC fed as supplements to wheat gluten diets for rats. Reduced nutritive value caused by autoclaving was not reflected in animal growth until after 4 hr of autoclaving, when the diet contained 4% FPC. Blood plasma and fecal concentrations of lysine and methionine and digestibility data showed that nutritive value of FPC was reduced after shorter periods of autoclaving than was suggested by growth. Reduction of the FPC supplement to 2.5% of diet resulted in nutritive value decreases becoming apparent after shorter autoclaving periods and in the attainment of a significant correlation between in vitro DMD and animal growth criteria.
Quantitative Ultraviolet Determination of Amiben in Dry Granular and Liquid Formulations: Collaborative Study
Authors: Brunstad Joax W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Amiben is determined as the sodium salt in 1% NaOH at 297 nm. Prepared materials and technical formulations containing 0-60 μg amiben/ml were analyzed in a collaborative study. Standard deviations for technical samples ranged from 0.05 to 0.45 and for prepared samples from 0.02 to 0.35. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.
Fluorometric Analysis of Carbaryl Insecticide in Mixed Formulations
Authors: Argauer Robert J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The carbaryl present in formulations that contain other pesticides can be readily determined quantitatively by measuring the fluorescence emitted in dilute methanol solution or in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide during ultraviolet light excitation. The procedure includes a test that quickly detects and measures the amount of 1-naphthol present.
UV Identification and Quantitative Measurement of Quinaldine Residues in Fish
Authors: Allen John L , Sills Joe B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for the confirmatory analysis ofquinaldine residue in fish is described. The method utilizes the same extraction and cleanup procedure as the GLC method reported previously. The lower limit of sensitivity for quinaldine residue in fish muscle is 0.01 ppm. Identification is accomplished by comparing the UV spectra of the sample and a standard solution of quinaldine.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Isomeric Purity of Butylated Hydroxyanisole
Authors: Mahn F P , Viswanathan V , Plinton C , Venturella V S , Senkowski B Z 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An assay method was investigated for the determination of the ratio of 2- and 3-isomers in butylated hydroxyanisole. The developed procedure involves dilution of the sample with acetone and injection into a gas chromatograph equipped with a hydrogen flame ionization detector. Diphenylamine is a suitable internal standard. XE–60 liquid phase effected an excellent resolution of the 2- and 3-isomers and diphenylamine. The method is quantitative and rapid; the chromatogram is completed in approximately 20 min.
Quantitative and Qualitative GLC Analysis of Free Amino Acids in Fruits and Fruit Juices
Authors: Fernandez-Flores Enriqe , KLINE DAVID A , Johnson Arthur R , Leber Harry L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
V method utilizing gas-liquid chromatography and the Sorensen formol titration procedure has been devised for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of amino acids in fruits. Korty-four samples representing 22 varieties of fruits were analyzed for 15 free amino acids. The amino acids were determined as N-trifluoroacetyl n-butyl esters. In a majority of the fruits, aspartic acid was the major component, while hvdroxvproline was the minor component when present. All fruits were found to have different quantitative profiles as well as a distinct qualitative distribution of the free amino acids.
Quantitative Aspects of Isothermal and Programmed Temperature Gas Chromatography of Fatty Acid Esters and a Practical Lower Limit of Detection
Authors: Iverson John L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study was initiated to define the importance of temperature and retention volume in quantitative gas chromatography with thermal conductivity detectors (TCD) and flame ionization detectors (FID). Optimum temperature and optimum retention volume increase with molecular weight for the C12 to C28 saturated esters. It is demonstrated that relatively large amounts of very long chain methyl esters would be undetected by present optimum isothermal methods for the usual fatty acids reported. The shape of gas chromatographic peaks is correlated with the linear range of detector response as a basis for a limit of detection. The limit of detection varies logarithmically with molecular weight in isothermal analysis. However, by using optimum programmed temperature gas chromatographic (PTGC) techniques, the limit of detection increases slowly with molecular weight and increased retention volumes.
Improved Quantitative Method for the Determination of Aldicarb and Its Oxidation Products in Plant Materials
Authors: Carey William F , Helrich Kenneth 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simplified method has been developed for the quantitative determination of aldicarb and its oxidation products, the sulfoxide and sulfone, in oranges, potatoes, carrots, corn, green beans, and silage. The method involves quantitative extraction from plant matrix, separation of aldicarb, the sulfoxide, and the sulfone on a liquid chromatographic column, oxidation to the sulfone, and GLC determination of the sulfone, using a sulfur mode-flame photometric detector. This method has a limit of detection of 0.005 ppm, using a 150 g sample for analysis. Recovery studies were run on a number of crops and silage. Samples of potatoes from Tern ik-trea ted plots were also analyzed.
Determination of Vitamin E in Foods and Feeds—A Collaborative Study
Authors: Ames Stanley R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate a method for the determination of vitamin E in foods and feeds. Both the naturally occurring and the supplemental vitamin E are extracted from the sample by the appropriate procedure, the lipid residue is saponified, and α-tocopherol is isolated by TLC and determined colorimetrically. To determine supplemental a-tocopheryl acetate specifically, the sample is extracted by the appropriate procedure, reducing substances including natural atocopherol are removed by oxidative chromatography, the a-tocopheryl acetate is saponified, and the resulting a-tocopherol is determined colorimetrically. These assays for vitamin E in foods and feeds are neither rapid nor easy and considerable skill is required to obtain reliable results. Data reported by 7 collaborators on 7 samples indicate that the standard deviation among laboratories is not significant for the determination of total α-tocopherol but is significant for the determination of supplemental a-tocopheryl acetate. The weighted mean coefficients of variation were 11.0% for the determination of total a-tocopherol and 7.0% for the determination of supplemental a-tocopheryl acetate. Since an official procedure for the determination of vitamin E in foods and feeds is needed and since most laboratories were successful in carrying out the procedure, the Associate Referee recommends that the method as modified be adopted as official first action.
Incidence of Clostridium perfringens in Dehydrated Soup, Gravy, and Spaghetti Mixes
Authors: Keoseyan Susan Adelle 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Clostridium perfringens was found in 14% of a total of 250 analytical units of dehydrated mixes of soup, gravy, and spaghetti. The incidence in these products was as follows: spaghetti 40%, gravy 10%, and soup 5%. Presence of C. perfringens at relatively high levels may be of epidemiological significance because of short cooking time for rehydrated mixes and mishandling of prepared mixes.
Tylosin Residue Analyses in Swine Tissue
Authors: Kline R M , Waitt W P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A tolerance of 0.2 ppm, which is less than the sensitivity of the analytical method in certain swine tissue, was established for tylosin in edible animal tissues. Extrapolation of tissue residue data at high feeding levels indicates that the negligible residue level would not be exceeded from feeding tylosin at 100 g/ton, the recommended dosage for swine. Residual tylosin was detected in liver tissue from swine receiving tylosin at 1000 g/ton at 0 hr withdrawal, but no residues above the tolerance were detected in tissues when tylosin was fed at 500, 200, and 100 g/ton.
Microbiological Assay of Streptomycin in Feeds
Authors: Mayernik John J , Fiori Gloria Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The official AOAC first action non-sulfadiazine-sensitized method for the determination of streptomycin in feed was modified slightly. The modification consists of filtering the assay solution to remove the precipitate which forms when the solution is adjusted to pH 8. Eighteen collaborators used this modified method to assay 12 poultry and swine feeds containing 30-5000 g streptomycin/ton. Mean recoveries ranged from 97.6 to 104.0% and coefficients of variation ranged from 4.0 to 7.1%. It is recommended that approval of the non-sensitized method, as modified, be extended to 30 g/ton from the previously adopted level of 5600 g/ton.
6,6′-Oxybis(2-Naphthalenesulfonic Acid) in Schaeffer’s Salt
Authors: Marmion Daniel M , White Robert G , Cashion Francis W , Whitcomb B Bailey 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An unknown present in Schaeffer’s salt is identified as 6,6′-oxybis (2-naphthalenesulfonic acid), DONS. A method is presented for the determination of DONS in commercial Schaeffer’s salt by column chromatography and UV spectrophotometry.
Automated Steam Distillation and Fluorometry for Screening for Carbaryl as 1-Naphthol in Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Ott Daniel E , Ittig Monika , Friestad Håkon O 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid method for screening for carbaryl in methylene chloride extract solutions of various fruits and vegetables has been developed. For most crops, sufficient cleanup was effected by solidification of many impurities in paraffin wax and further by automated steam distillation of 1-naphthol (free or free plus that produced from carbaryl by alkaline hydrolysis) into an alkaline scrubbing solution. This solution was pumped automatically into a fluorometer equipped with a continuous flow cell and a strip chart recorder to monitor the fluorescence intensity of 1-naphthol present. Apples and carrots required an additional cleanup procedure prior to presentation to the automated steam distillation and fluorometer system. Of 20 crops tested, celery was the only one causing background interference even after use of the additional cleanup procedure. All of the other crops were rapidly screened for carbaryl plus 1-naphthol or for free 1-naphthol, depending upon the sample preparation procedure; the difference between the 2 assays represents the contribution from the carbaryl residue. The automated analytical system was operated at a rate of 20 samples/hr and the lower limit of detection for carbaryl was 0.2 ppm of the fortified crop.
UV Spectrophotometric Assay of Neostigmine Methylsulfate as the Alkaline Hydrolysis Product, 3-Dimethylaminophenol
Authors: Kling Rita E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method for the assay of neostigmine methylsulfate (NMS) in injectables has been developed. Following extraction of phenol and paraben preservatives, NMS is hydrolyzed to 3-dimethylaminophenol, which is determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Standard recoveries of NMS from simulated injection solutions containing either (1) no preservatives, (2) phenol, or (3) parabens averaged 99.8%. A collaborative study was conducted using 2 simulated injection solutions (one without preservatives, one containing parabens) and 2 commercial injectables (one containing phenol, one containing parabens). Results of 9 collaborators averaged 100.6±1.4 and 102.1±1.5% for the simulated solutions. Results for the 2 commercial preparations averaged 103.0±1.2 and 101.8±1.6% of the respective label declarations. The results of the proposed method are in good agreement with the USP XVII and the new USP XVIII methods. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.
The Loss of Food Flavors from Laboratory Animal Diets. II. Effect of Laboratory Environment
Authors: Jones William I , Roback Loretta A , Taylor Jean M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Analyses of animal diets containing flavoring agents or related substances were made after mixing and at 7 days to determine if there was a decrease in concentration on exposure to the laboratory environment. The test compounds were extracted from the diets by steam distillation or alcoholic extraction and the concentration was determined by saponification or measurement of UV absorbance. The amount of loss was inversely related to the boiling point for most compounds with the low-boiling ester, allyl butyrate, showing the greatest loss, 72%. Most compounds with boiling points greater than 220°C showed less than 10% loss.
Determination of Low Level Isolated Trans Isomers in Vegetable Oils and Derived Methyl Esters by Differential Infrared Spectrophotometry
Authors: Huang Anita , Firestone David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A procedure is described for differential infrared spectrophotometric determination of low levels (1–6%) of isolated trans isomers in vegetable oils or derived methyl esters. Triglycerides and methyl esters of known isolated trans content were analyzed by the procedure and results compared with those obtained with the American Oil Chemists’ Society tentative method for isolated trans isomers. Results obtained by the described method are more accurate than those obtained by the AOCS method.
Determination of Alcohol-Insoluble Solids in Frozen Peas
Authors: Winter F H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Additional collaborative studies on the method proposed were conducted. The standard deviation for 11 collaborators was 0.026 for frozen peas averaging 15.08% AIS and 0.30 for frozen peas averaging 19.74% AIS. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official first action.
Collaborative Study of the Colorimetric Determination of Nifursol in Feeds
Authors: Zietlow David C , Morrison J L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study of a method for nifursol in feeds bas been conducted. The drug is extracted from the feed with DMF. Most of the extracted interferences are removed from the DMF solution by chromatographing the sample through an alumina column; the nifursol is then reacted with phenylhydrazine to form the 5-nitrofurfural phenylhydrazone, which is extracted into toluene and determined spectrophotometrically at 555 nm immediately after the addition of Hyamine-OH. The average recovery of all samples from 10 collaborators was 101.4%, with an average coefficient of variation of 7.88%. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.
Chromatograms of Foods for Multicomponent Residue Determination of Pesticides Containing Phosphorus and/or Sulfur by GLC with Flame Photometric Detection
Authors: Bowman M C , Beroza Morton , Hill K R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As part of an effort to devise a multicomponent pesticide residue analysis, temperature programmed gas chromatography with the Melpar flame photometric detector was used to obtain chromatograms of extracts of 39 repsentative foods on the thermally stable OV-101 and OV-210 packings. The chromatograms, which show where interference occurs with each food, supplement data previously reported on the retention times of 138 pesticides and metabolites containing phosphorus and sulfur in their molecules. Thus, where interferences from a food are absent, observation of pesticide peaks is possible. Food samples were extracted by one of 4 methods and then partitioned between hexane and acetonitrile by one of 2 procedures prior to analysis by gas chromatography. Very little interference was seen in the chromatograms of about 90% of the food extracts in the P mode and about two-thirds of the food extracts in the S mode; except for high fat samples, weights of co-extractives were also generally small. The lower limit of detection for most pesticides was estimated to be 0.01–0.05 ppm in the P mode and 0.02–0.1 ppm in the S mode. Analysis using the S mode has limited applicability because of the large samples needed to offset the lesser sensitivity of the S detector and the resulting contamination of the chromatographic column by coextractives. Analysis using the P mode is considered practical now. Retention time data on 8 additional pesticidal compounds are also reported.
A General Method for Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Nonfatty Foods
Authors: Storherr R W , Ott P , Watts R R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is presented for determining residues of organophosphorus pesticides and alteration products in nonfatty foods. This method employs the acetonitrile extraction procedure as used by FDA for the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. Cleanup is performed with a short charcoal column. GLC, using the potassium chloride thermionic detector or flame photometric detector, is used for determination. Forty-one organophosphorus pesticides and/or alteration products are evaluated.
GLC Determination of Methanol in Liquids: Collaborative Study
Authors: Andersen Donald L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid, specific method for methanol in aqueous and nonaqueous liquids has been developed and studied collaboratively. The method involves sample dilution with dioxane to approximately 0.4% methanol and injection into a gas chromatograph fitted with a Porapak R column and a flame ionization detector. A collaborative study, with 7 collaborators each reporting on 6 test portions, showed coefficients of variation of 2.7, 2.1, 2.3, 4.2, 1.8, and 3.5. The method has been adopted as official first action.
Detection of Wheat Grains Contaminated with Urine
Authors: Thrasher J J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A modification of the present official method, 40.131-40.132 (Official Methods of Analysis, 11th Ed.), for the detection of urea is presented. Collaborative results show the modification of incorporating the urease and bromothymol blue in a soft (1%) agar to he more sensitive and responsive to the presence of urine on grains and seeds than the official method. The modified method has been adopted as official first action.
Collaborative Study of the Use of a Convenient Salt Measuring Titrator for Monitoring Salt Concentration in Meat, Fish, and Cheese
Authors: Vander Were Loren J , Free Alfred H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study has been made on the use of the QUANTAB Chloride Titrator for monitoring salt concentration in meat, fish, and cheese. Data from 12 collaborators on 6 samples show good agreement of results from all of the collaborators on all of the samples. The QUANTAB method has been adopted as a procedure.
Automated Colorimetric Determination of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride in Drug Formulations. I. Development of the Method
Authors: Lane Jonathan R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Emerson colorimetric reaction as modified by Koshy and Mitchner was adapted for automation of the phenylephrine assay. Using the AutoAnalyzer, studies were made of different reagent concentrations and reagent volume ratios to satisfy the reaction conditions of the official final action method, 36.112-36.114. The debubbler-flowcell design was changed to improve the flow dynamics, and the internal volumes of all unsegmented flow lines were minimized to permit good resolution at fast sampling ratios (50/hr). Relative standard deviations of less than 0.5% were obtained on multiple determinations of the same solutions. Essentially 100% recovery was obtained on assays of phenylephrine HCl added to a composite nasal solution preparation.
Collaborative Study of the Automated Method for K2O in Fertilizers
Authors: Hambleton Larry G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The automated method for K2O in fertilizers was studied again this year. The results from the automated method are compared to those obtained by the official STPB method, 2.090, for 10 typical fertilizer samples and a potassium nitrate primary standard. Nine complete sets of data are evaluated by the technique of closely matched pairs. The data show no difference between the different models of flame photometers. The means and standard deviations from the automated method compare favorably to those received with the official STPB method. The automated method for K2O in fertilizers has been adopted official first action.
Collaborative Study of a Gas Chromatographic Method for the Analysis of Atrazine
Authors: Murphy R T , Hofberg A H , Buser H R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas chromatographic method for the determination of atrazine in wettable powder formulations containing about 80% active ingredient was collaboratively studied, using the matched pair scheme. The atrazine was extracted from the powder with chloroform containing dieldrin as an internal standard and chromatographed on Carbowax 20M, using a flame ionization detector. Determinations on the 2 samples by 13 collaborators using peak height measurements show an overall coefficient of variation of 1.0% and a coefficient of variation of random error of 1.2%. Statistical evaluation of these factors reveals no evidence of systematic error contribution. The method has been adopted as official first action.