KARAKTERISTIK FISIOLOGIS ISOLAT Sclerotium sp. ASAL TANAMAN SAMBILOTO
Authors: HARTATI SRI YUNI , TAUFIK E. , SUPRIADI SUPRIADI , KARYANI N. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK<br />Sclerotium sp. merupakan jamur patogen baru pada tanaman<br />sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness.) yang dapat mengakibatkan<br />kematian. Penyebaran jamur ini masih terbatas di KP Cimanggu, Bogor<br />dan KP Cicurug, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk<br />mengetahui pengaruh beberapa faktor lingkungan seperti suhu,<br />kelembaban udara (RH), pH, dan cahaya terhadap pertumbuhan isolat<br />Sclerotium sp. asal sambiloto pada media PDA serta kisaran inangnya.<br />Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Balai Penelitian<br />Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro), Tahun 2005. Faktor lingkungan<br />yang diuji yaitu suhu ruangan (20, 28, 35 dan 40) o C, kelembaban udara<br />(RH 55, 75, 85, dan 100)%, pH (4, 5, 6, 7, dan 8) dan kondisi cahaya<br />(terang, gelap, dan terang dan gelap selang 12 jam secara bergantian). Uji<br />kisaran inang dilakukan terhadap 3 varietas jagung (ketan, pematung, dan<br />sokong) dan 3 varietas kacang tanah (jerapah, kelinci, dan simpai) serta<br />tanaman sambiloto sebagai pembanding. Inokulasi dilakukan dengan cara<br />menempelkan sclerotia jamur di bagian pangkal batang tanaman uji dekat<br />permukaan tanah. Pengamatan pertumbuhan jamur pada media agar yang<br />diperlakukan dan pengamatan intensitas serangan penyakit dilakukan<br />setiap hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat Sclerotium sp. asal<br />tanaman sambiloto tumbuh baik pada suhu (20-35) 0 C, RH (55-100)%, dan<br />pada kisaran pH 4-8 serta pada kondisi terang atau gelap secara terus<br />menerus maupun bergantian selang 12 jam. Hasil uji kisaran inang<br />menunjukkan bahwa Sclerotium sp. dapat menyebabkan kematian tidak<br />hanya pada tanaman sambiloto, tetapi juga pada dua varietas kacang tanah<br />(simpai dan jerapah), sedangkan pada jagung tidak menyebabkan kematian<br />(tahan). Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa isolat Sclerotium sp.<br />yang berasal dari tanaman sambiloto mempunyai kemampuan bertahan<br />hidup dan berkembang pada kondisi lingkungan yang luas (broad<br />spectrum). Ketidakmampuan jamur tersebut menginfeksi tanaman jagung<br />varietas ketan, pematung, dan sokong dapat digunanakan sebagai salah<br />satu cara pengendalian patogen dengan sistem tumpangsari dan rotasi.<br />Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata Ness, Sclerotium sp.,<br />karakteristik, fisiologis, Jawa Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />Physiological Characteristics of Sclerotium sp. Isolated<br />from Sambiloto<br />Sclerotium sp. is a new destructive fungal patogen on sambiloto<br />(Andrographis paniculata Ness.). The distribution of the patogen was still<br />limited in Cicurug, Sukabumi and Cimanggu, Bogor, West Java. The aim<br />of this experiment was to observe the growth of Sclerotium sp from<br />sambiloto under different environmental factors such as temperature,<br />relative humidity, light condition, and pH on PDA medium as well as its<br />host range. The experiment was conducted in Indonesian Medicinal and<br />Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI) in 2005. The environmental<br />factors tested were temperature (20, 28, 35, and 40) o C; relative humidity<br />(55, 75, 85, and 100)%; pH (4-8); and light condition (continuosly on or<br />off and 12 hours on and off alternatively). The pathogenicity of the<br />Sclerotium sp. was tested against 3 varieties of corn (ketan, pematung, and<br />sokong) and 3 varieties of peanut (jerapah, kelinci, and simpai) as well as<br />sambiloto as a comparison. Sclerotia of the fungus were inoculated on the<br />stem base of the plant tested. Observation of the growth of the fungus<br />under different environmental factors and disease intensity on inoculated<br />plants was conducted everyday. The results showed that the growth of<br />Sclerotium sp. isolate from sambiloto was affected by different<br />environmental factors. The isolate grew well at (20-35) 0 C, relative<br />humidity ranged from (55-100)%, pH ranged from 4-8, and light<br />condition of both continuosly on or off as well as 12 hours on and off<br />alternativelly. The isolate was pathogenic against sambiloto as well as<br />against 2 varieties of peanut (simpai and jerapah), however, it was not<br />pathogenic against all the corn varieties tested. The result indicated that<br />the isolate of Sclerotium sp. from sambiloto was a broad spectrum fungal<br />pathogen. The resistency of the corn varieties would be of value for<br />controlling the disease through mixed cropping or rotation systems.<br />Key words: Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata Ness, Sclerotium sp.,<br />physiological characteristics, West Java