bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide alternative splicing profiling in the fungal plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum during the colonization of diverse host families
Authors: Ibrahim Heba M.M. , Kusch Stefan , Didelon Marie , Raffaele Sylvain 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSclerotinia sclerotiorum is a notorious generalist plant pathogen that threatens more than 600 host plants, including wild and cultivated species. The molecular bases underlying the broad compatibility of S. sclerotiorum with its hosts is not fully elucidated. In contrast to higher plants and animals, alternative splicing (AS) is not well studied in plant‐pathogenic fungi. AS is a common regulated cellular process that increases cell protein and RNA diversity. In this study, we annotated spliceosome genes in the genome of S. sclerotiorum and characterized their expression in vitro and during the colonization of six host species. Several spliceosome genes were differentially expressed in planta, suggesting that AS was altered during infection. Using stringent parameters, we identified 1,487 S. sclerotiorum genes differentially expressed in planta and exhibiting alternative transcripts. The most common AS events during the colonization of all plants were retained introns and the alternative 3′ receiver site. We identified S. sclerotiorum genes expressed in planta for which (a) the relative accumulation of alternative transcripts varies according to the host being colonized and (b) alternative transcripts harbour distinct protein domains. This notably included 42 genes encoding predicted secreted proteins showing high‐confidence AS events. This study indicates that AS events are taking place in the plant pathogenic fungus S. sclerotiorum during the colonization of host plants and could generate functional diversity in the repertoire of proteins secreted by S. sclerotiorum during infection.
Competition‐induced transgenerational plasticity influences competitive interactions and leaf decomposition of offspring
Authors: Puy Javier , de Bello Francesco , Dvořáková Hana , Medina Nagore G. , Latzel Vit , Carmona Carlos P. 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Phenotypic plasticity, within and across generations (transgenerational plasticity), allows organisms and their progeny to adapt to the environment without modification of the underlying DNA. Recent findings suggest that epigenetic modifications are important mediators of such plasticity. However, empirical studies have, so far, mainly focused on plasticity in response to abiotic factors, overlooking the response to competition.

We tested for within‐generation and transgenerational phenotypic plasticity triggered by plant–plant competition intensity, and we tested whether it was mediated via DNA methylation, using the perennial, apomictic herb Taraxacum brevicorniculatum in four coordinated experiments. We then tested the consequences of transgenerational plasticity affecting competitive interactions of the offspring and ecosystem processes, such as decomposition.

We found that, by promoting differences in DNA methylation, offspring of plants under stronger competition developed faster and presented more resource‐conservative phenotypes. Further, these adjustments associated with less degradable leaves, which have the potential to reduce nutrient turnover and might, in turn, favour plants with more conservative traits.

Greater parental competition enhanced competitive abilities of the offspring, by triggering adaptive phenotypic plasticity, and decreased offspring leaf decomposability. Our results suggest that competition‐induced transgenerational effects could promote rapid adaptations and species coexistence and feed back on biodiversity assembly and nutrient cycling.
Lung function trajectories and bronchial hyperresponsiveness during childhood following severe RSV bronchiolitis in infancy
Authors: Kitcharoensakkul Maleewan , Bacharier Leonard B. , Schweiger Toni L. , Wilson Brad , Goss Charles W , Lew Daphne , Schechtman Kenneth B. , Castro Mario 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infancy have increased risks of asthma and reduced lung function in later life. There are limited studies on the longitudinal changes of lung function and bronchial hyperreactivity from early to late childhood in infants hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis.MethodsIn a prospective cohort of 206 children with their first episode of RSV‐confirmed bronchiolitis in the first year of life, 122 had spirometry performed at least twice between 5‐16 years of age. Methacholine bronchoprovocation was available in 127 and 79 children at 7 and 12 years of age, respectively. Longitudinal changes in FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC z‐scores and methacholine PC20 were analyzed.Results55% of the study cohort (N = 122) were male, and 55% were Caucasian. During follow‐up, longitudinal changes in z‐scores for pre‐ and post‐bronchodilator FEV1 (P < .0001) FVC (P < .0001) and FEV1/FVC (P < .0001 for pre‐ and 0.007 for post‐bronchodilator) from age 5 to 10‐16 years were observed. Declined lung function in late childhood was significantly associated with gender, physician diagnosis of asthma, and allergic sensitization. PC20 geometric mean increased from 0.28 mg/mL at 7 years to 0.53 mg/mL at 12 years of age, and the frequency of abnormal bronchial hyperreactivity decreased from 96% to 78% (P = .0003).ConclusionsFollowing severe RSV bronchiolitis, there appear to be significant longitudinal changes in pre‐ and post‐bronchodilator lung function during childhood. The study has several limitations including significant dropouts and the lack of a control group and post‐bronchodilator measurements. Bronchial hyperreactivity is common in children following severe RSV bronchiolitis; however, it appears to decrease as they enter late childhood.
Inhaled sedation with sevoflurane in critically ill children during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Butragueño Laiseca Laura , Murciano Manuel , López‐Herce Jesús , Mencía Santiago 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSedation can be challenging in critically ill children. Inhaled anesthetics such as sevoflurane have proved to be useful in difficult or long‐term sedation. However, its use in children out of the operating room is still limited and little is yet known about its use in patients undergoing ECMO with no previous reports in children. The objective is to assess the effectiveness and safety of sevoflurane during ECMO in two pediatric patients. Sedation was successfully achieved in both patients, and patients’ contribution to breathing was possible even with deep sedation. There were not any side effects during sevoflurane treatment or after withdrawal.
Iron overload after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Salmi Asta , Holmström Miia , Toiviainen‐Salo Sanna , Kanerva Jukka , Taskinen Mervi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRed blood cell transfusions are an essential part of supporting care in leukemia treatment. We examined the prevalence of iron overload and its effects on organ function and childhood growth in pediatric patients after allogeneic HSCT for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Twenty‐three patients were included (median age 12.6, range 7.5‐21.4 years). Body iron load was determined using laboratory tests, hepatic and cardiac MRI, and by calculating iron received from transfusions. We performed multivariate analysis to determine association of body iron load with liver enzymes, cardiac function, insulin resistance, and growth. Median plasma ferritin was 344 (range 40‐3235) ng/mL and exceeded 1000 ng/mL in three patients (13%). In MRI, 11 patients (48%) had hepatic iron overload and 1 patient (4%) myocardial iron overload. In cardiac MRI, 8 patients (35%) had significant but subclinical decrease in ejection fraction (median z‐score −1.7, range −3.1‐0.14), but cardiac function did not associate with iron status. Alanine transaminase associated with transfused iron per time unit (P = .001) after the median follow‐up of 4.5 years. No correlation was found between iron load and growth or insulin resistance. Iron overload is common in children transplanted for ALL, but iron overload associated organ dysfunction is not present at early age. We recommend evaluation of iron load for all patients at least once during follow‐up after transplantation.
Reflecting on patient‐generated photographs of the pediatric renal transplant experience
Authors: Pollack Ari H. , Snyder Jaime 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesPoor self‐management contributes to reduced renal allograft survival during adolescence and young adulthood. Providing patients with self‐reflection tools to help explore the question “Is my experience normal?” may help mitigate these challenges. We explore Photograph‐elicitation, a qualitative method where images are used to prompt individuals to talk about their personal experiences and values, engages pediatric transplant recipients and their families to generate insight into their experiences and the challenges they face after transplant.Design, setting, participants, and measurementsPediatric renal transplant recipients and one family member from Seattle Children's Hospital submitted 5 photographs showcasing their transplant story, which were used as prompts during semi‐structured interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty‐four individuals (13 patients: ages 7‐21, and 11 parents) completed the study. Conversations generated by the photographs covered topics in more depth than a routine clinical encounter leading to more opportunities for reflection by patients and their family. The photographs generated conversations on four emergent themes: (a) sensemaking; (b) transitions and agency; (c) social interactions and community engagement; and (d) barriers and obstacles.ConclusionsPhotograph elicitation generated a rich dataset describing a range of pediatric renal transplant experiences helping physicians gain a rich and nuanced understanding of the daily lives and experiences of their patients outside the clinical setting. Photograph elicitation, as a clinical intervention, may provide new opportunities to address previously unrecognized modifiable risk factors, improving graft survival and health‐related quality of life.
Early hepatic arterial thrombosis in liver transplantation: Systemic intravenous alteplase as a potential rescue treatment after failed surgical revascularization
Authors: Feier Flávia H. , Melere Melina U. , Trein Cristine S. , da Silva Carolina Soares , Lucchese Angelica , Horbe Alex , Tonet Fabio , Ricachinevsky Claudia , Ferreira Cristina T. , Chedid Marcio F. , Kalil Antonio N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstracteHAT is one of the most dreaded post‐LT complication. Treatment approaches include retransplantation, revascularization, or observation. Systemic thrombolytic therapy is used in pediatric patients with thromboembolic events. However, there is no previous study reporting on the use of systemic r‐tPA to treat eHAT. The treatment strategies used in patients with eHAT are described, focusing on two children who failed SR and were treated with systemic heparinization plus systemic r‐tPA infusion. r‐tPA‐RP consists of intravenous systemic infusion at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg/h during 6 hours, for 5 days. First case (3‐year) was transplanted with a whole liver, and second case (6‐year) received a LLS from a living donor. HAT was diagnosed by doppler US and confirmed by angioCT scan in both patients in the first day after LT. They underwent SR and were clinically stable. Re‐thrombosis occurred in both patients the day after, and r‐TPA‐RP was started—one patient required two r‐TPA‐RP for HAT recurrence. They presented minor bleeding, without repercussion. Hepatic artery recanalized after 10 and 3 days in the first and second patient, respectively. Retransplant was avoided, and one developed biliary strictures, successfully managed in the follow‐up. r‐TPA‐RP avoided retransplantation after eHAT in these cases. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of systemic r‐TPA to treat eHAT in children. This strategy may compose an algorithm to treat eHAT that failed SR in stable patients.
Painless Photodynamic Therapy Triggers Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in a Murine Model of UV‐induced Squamous Skin Pre‐cancer
Authors: Anand Sanjay , Govande Mukul , Yasinchak Anton , Heusinkveld Lauren , Shakya Sajina , Fairchild Robert L. , Maytin Edward V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPainless photodynamic therapy (p‐PDT), which involves application of photosensitizer and immediate exposure to light to treat actinic keratosis (AK) in patients, causes negligible pain on the day of treatment but leads to delayed inflammation and effective lesion clearance (Kaw et al., J Am Acad Dermatol 2020). To better understand how p‐PDT works, hairless mice with UV‐induced AK were treated with p‐PDT and monitored for 2 weeks. Lesion clearance after p‐PDT was similar to clearance after conventional PDT (c‐PDT). However, lesion biopsies showed minimal cell death and less production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in p‐PDT treated than in c‐PDT‐treated lesions. Interestingly, p‐PDT triggered vigorous recruitment of immune cells associated with innate immunity. Neutrophils (Ly6G+) and macrophages (F4/80+) appeared at 4 h and peaked at 24 h after p‐PDT. Damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including calreticulin, HMGB1, and HSP70, were expressed at maximum levels around 24 h post‐p‐PDT. Total T cells (CD3+) were increased at 24 h, whereas large increases in cytotoxic (CD8+) and regulatory (Foxp3+) T cells were observed at 1 and 2 weeks post‐p‐PDT. In summary, the ability of p‐PDT to eliminate AK lesions, despite very little overt cellular damage, appears to involve stimulation of a local immune response.
Alethic Pluralism and Logical Form
Authors: Wrenn Chase 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccording to strong pluralist theories of truth, ‘true’ designates different properties depending on which sentences it is applied to. An influential objection to strong pluralism claims it cannot make sense of logically complex sentences whose components have different truth properties. For example, if ‘true’ designates correspondence for ‘Tabby is a cat’, and it designates coherence for ‘Tabby is beautiful’, what does it designate for ‘Tabby is a beautiful cat’ (Tappolet, Analysis, 57, 209–10, 1997)? Will Gamester (Analysis, 79, 34–43, 2019) has proposed a novel pluralist theory meant to avoid the problem. The theory construes ‘true’ as designating a different property for each possible logical structure, and he has challenged monists to identify shortcomings of the theory in virtue of its pluralism. This paper answers Gamester’s challenge and identifies three such shortcomings. (1) The theory cannot make sense of the idea that all true conjunctions share the property of having true conjuncts, in virtue of which they are true. (2) The theory imposes unmotivated syntactic constraints on the language in which the theory of truth is formulated. (3) Avoiding the second shortcoming requires arbitrary choices among equally good candidates for “the” logical form of sentences and hence the designation of ‘true’ as applied to them.
The value of high‐frequency ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of early mycosis fungoides and inflammatory skin diseases: A case‐control study
Authors: Niu ZiHan , Wang YuKun , Zhu QingLi , Liu Jie , Liu YueHua , Jin HongZhong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical manifestations of early mycosis fungoides (eMF) are non‐specific and similar to inflammatory skin diseases. High‐frequency ultrasonography (HF‐US) can show small structure of skin lesions and is helpful to provide information objectively.Materials and MethodsA case‐control study was designed in 62 patients with multiple erythemas and scales, including 18 eMF and 44 age‐matched patients with eczema (EC) or psoriasis vulgaris (PsV). The most significant lesions were collected by 50 MHz HF‐US. The assessment of ultrasound included epidermal morphology and thickness, infiltration depth, subepidermal low echogenic band (SLEB) boundary and thickness, internal echo, and number of linear acoustic shadows (LAS) behind the epidermis. The ultrasonic characteristics of eMF, EC, and PsV lesions were analyzed.ResultsEpidermal thickness (P < .001, sensitivity 88.9%, specificity 75.0%) and SLEB thickness (P = 0.006, sensitivity 55.6%, specificity 90.9%) were useful for differential diagnosis of eMF and PsV/EC. When eMF was diagnosed by epidermal thickness < 0.2375 mm, the AUC was 0.845, which had the highest diagnostic efficacy among all ultrasound signs. In addition, compared with eMF and EC, the LAS number of PsV lesions was the highest and statistically significant.ConclusionThe results showed that HF‐US could provide some extra information in identification of eMF, EC, and PsV and has potential clinical value.
Edge‐based effective active appearance model for real‐time wrinkle detection
Authors: Sabina Umirzakova , Whangbo Taeg Keun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the field of face and facial features has been progressively studied. The features of facial expression have gained increasing attention for related applications. The wrinkle is the most representative feature, and its research and applications have been topics of high interest. Wrinkles play an important role in face feature analysis. They have been widely used in applications, such as age estimation, skin texture classification, expression recognition, and simulation.PurposeExisting approaches to the image‐based analysis of wrinkles as texture not as curvilinear discontinuity and wrinkle detection mainly have focused on detecting wrinkles on forehead position, which is usually horizontal linear shapes, while the detection of the nasolabial wrinkle is not well understood due to their variety of shapes and complexity.MethodIn this paper, we present a nasolabial wrinkle line detecting effective algorithm based on the Active appearance model and Hessian filter to improve localization results by creating unique initial shapes of the wrinkle lines for each input face image.ResultsExperimental results show that the proposed method is capable of tracking curve wrinkle lines, thus allowing to detect complexly structured wrinkle lines. This work demonstrates results illustrated the competitiveness of the proposed method in detecting nasolabial wrinkle lines.ConclusionIn our study, this was introduced the effectiveness of changing the structure of AAM and successfully applied in wrinkle line localizing, although competitive results are achieved by the proposed wrinkle detection method.
Suppression of a BAHD acyltransferase decreases p‐coumaroyl on arabinoxylan and improves biomass digestibility in the model grass Setaria viridis
Authors: Mota Thatiane R. , de Souza Wagner R. , Oliveira Dyoni M. , Martins Polyana K. , Sampaio Bruno L. , Vinecky Felipe , Ribeiro Ana P. , Duarte Karoline E. , Pacheco Thályta F. , Monteiro Norberto de K. V. , Campanha Raquel B. , Marchiosi Rogério , Vieira Davi S. , Kobayashi Adilson K. , Molinari Patrícia A. de O. , Ferrarese‐Filho Osvaldo , Mitchell Rowan A. C. , Molinari Hugo B. C. , dos Santos Wanderley D. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryGrass cell walls have hydroxycinnamic acids attached to arabinosyl residues of arabinoxylan (AX), and certain BAHD acyltransferases are involved in their addition. In this study, we characterized one of these BAHD genes in the cell wall of the model grass Setaria viridis. RNAi silenced lines of S. viridis (SvBAHD05) presented a decrease of up to 42% of ester‐linked p‐coumarate (pCA) and 50% of pCA‐arabinofuranosyl, across three generations. Biomass from SvBAHD05 silenced plants exhibited up to 32% increase in biomass saccharification after acid pre‐treatment, with no change in total lignin. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that SvBAHD05 is a p‐coumaroyl coenzyme A transferase (PAT) mainly involved in the addition of pCA to the arabinofuranosyl residues of AX in Setaria. Thus, our results provide evidence of p‐coumaroylation of AX promoted by SvBAHD05 acyltransferase in the cell wall of the model grass S. viridis. Furthermore, SvBAHD05 is a promising biotechnological target to engineer crops for improved biomass digestibility for biofuels, biorefineries and animal feeding.
The 1,2‐o‐dilauryl‐rac‐glycero‐3‐glutaric acid‐(6’‐methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase assay in cats and dogs is not specific for pancreatic lipase
Authors: Lim Sue Yee , Xenoulis Panagiotis G. , Stavroulaki Evangelia M. , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Carrière Frédéric , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe measurement of pancreatic lipase is important for the diagnosis of feline and canine pancreatitis. Recent studies have claimed that lipase assays using the 1,2‐o‐dilauryl‐rac‐glycero‐3‐glutaric acid‐(6’‐methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) as a substrate are more specific for measuring pancreatic lipase than traditional lipase assays. However, the analytical specificity of this assay for pancreatic lipase has not been demonstrated.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine whether hepatic and/or lipoprotein lipases can interfere with the DGGR‐based assay results in cats and dogs. We, therefore, compared plasma lipase activities measured using DGGR‐based and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) assays before and after administering heparin, known to cause the release of hepatic and lipoprotein lipases, in cats and dogs.MethodsHeparin was administered in six cats and six dogs. Blood was collected at baseline and 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after heparin administration. Lipase activity was measured using a DGGR‐based assay, and PLI concentrations were measured using the Spec fPL and cPL assays for cats and dogs, respectively.ResultsPlasma lipase activities, as measured using the DGGR‐based assay, increased significantly 10 minutes after heparin administration in both cats (P = .003) and dogs (P = .006) and returned to baseline by 120 minutes. In contrast, PLI concentrations showed no significant changes after heparin administration.ConclusionsDGGR is not only hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase but also by hepatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, or both, in cats and dogs. Since these extrapancreatic lipases are also naturally present in cats and dogs, they could contribute to the lack of analytical specificity for the DGGR‐based assays.