bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomia normal da radiografia de tórax
Authors: Wada Danilo Tadao , Rodrigues José Antonio Hiesinger , Santos Marcel Koenigkam 
Published: October 2019

A radiografia simples do tórax permite identificar um conjunto de estruturas e órgãos, incluindo os elementos da parede torácica (ossos e partes moles), cavidades pleurais, vias aéreas, hilos pulmonares, vasculatura pulmonar, mediastino, coração, aorta e pulmões direito e esquerdo. Este artigo visa abordar as principais representações das estruturas anatômicas contempladas pela radiografia de tórax através de um texto programado com exemplos e ilustrações baseadas em exames de nosso serviço. Inicialmente, é preciso atentar para a técnica, características do paciente e variantes anatômicas. É importante identificar as regiões das mamas, a bolha gástrica e a opacificação infradiafragmática direita pelo fígado. Da parte óssea, avaliamos principalmente as clavículas, região dos ombros, arcos costais, coluna torácica e o esterno. Os seios costofrênicos representam o principal marcador de doença da cavidade pleural. Devemos avaliar a via aérea central (principalmente traqueia e carina), os hilos pulmonares direito e esquerdo e a vasculatura pulmonar. É importante conhecer as estruturas que formam a silhueta cardiomediastinal normal, para assim poder identificar a presença de lesões mediastinais e sinais de doença cardiovascular. Já em relação à anatomia pulmonar, devemos lembrar que o pulmão direito é diferente do esquerdo e avaliação das imagens em PA e perfil é importante para localizar mais adequadamente as alterações radiográficas nos pulmões. Por último, mas não menos importante, devemos conhecer as principais variantes anatômicas identificadas no RX de tórax, com por exemplo a costela cervical, as calcificações costocondrais e o lobo acessório da veia ázigos.
Semiologia radiológica e terminologia da radiografia de tórax
Authors: Wada Danilo Tadao , Rodrigues José Antonio Hiesinger , Santos Marcel Koenigkam 
Published: October 2019

É muito importante que sejam seguidos o roteiro de análise (semiologia) e a linguagem (terminologia) corretos na identificação, interpretação e descrição dos achados em exames de imagem, inclusive na radiografia simples (RX) de tórax. O consenso na terminologia é importante também para facilitar a comunicação entre os médicos das diferentes especialidades e entre os diferentes profissionais que atuam na área de saúde, além de uniformizar a avaliação e comparação de resultados no campo da pesquisa e investigação científica. Neste texto, descrevemos o consenso atual dos termos descritivos a serem utilizados na avaliação do exame de RX do tórax, incluindo as alterações com aumento da atenuação pulmonar (por ex.: opacidades alveolares e intersticiais), redução da atenuação pulmonar (por ex.: cistos, bolhas e cavidades) e alterações extrapulmonares (por ex.: obliteração do seio costofrênico, alargamento mediastinal).
Sinais radiológicos no tórax
Authors: Wada Danilo Tadao , Rodrigues José Antonio Hiesinger , Santos Marcel Koenigkam 
Published: October 2019

Reconhecer os principais sinais radiológicos nos exames de tórax pode auxiliar na identificação dos padrões de doenças e estreitar o diagnóstico diferencial. Muitos sinais utilizam termos metafóricos e alguns são descritos até como altamente sugestivos de um diagnóstico. Alguns sinais podem ser vistos tanto na radiografia quanto na tomografia, enquanto outros apenas em um ou outro método. Juntamente com a semiologia radiológica correta e o uso adequado da terminologia, o conhecimento dos sinais radiológicos favorece a interpretação mais correta das alterações nos exames de imagem do tórax. Nesse artigo, realizamos uma breve revisão ilustrativa dos principais sinais descritos na radiografia do tórax.
Estudo do processo de transmissão de Grande sertão: veredas, de Guimarães Rosa, em livros didáticos de língua portuguesa
Authors: Barreto Josenilce Rodrigues de Oliveira , Santiago-Almeida Manoel Mourivaldo 
Published: October 2019

Temos por objetivo realizar, neste trabalho, uma investigação acerca do processo de transmissão que o texto Grande sertão: veredas (1967), de Guimarães Rosa, percorreu até chegar, como produto final, às mãos dos alunos e professores da educação básica, através dos Livros Didáticos de Língua Portuguesa - LDLPs. Para isso, coletamos treze LDLPs, dos quais apenas seis apresentaram menção ou fragmentos do referido texto. Partindo desse corpus, realizamos o cotejo entre os fragmentos encontrados de Grande sertão: veredas nos LDLPs e o texto-base, este definido como a quinta edição da referida obra, publicada em 1967, ainda em vida do autor. A partir do cotejo, detectamos algumas mutilações textuais no que tange à adição, omissão, alteração ou substituição de pontuação, palavras, frases ou trechos inteiros, o que pode prejudicar o entendimento e o conhecimento do próprio texto, já que muitos estudantes têm acesso a muitos textos literários somente a partir de tais materiais didáticos. Feitas essas considerações, destacamos que, para a realização deste trabalho, amparamo-nos nos preceitos teórico-metodológicos, principalmente, de Blecua (1983), Cambraia (2005), Spaggiari e Perugi (2004) e Spina (1994), que versam sobre o labor do crítico textual, bem como sobre o processo de transmissão de textos literários.
<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>First record of symbiosis of the brittle star <em>Ophiocnemis marmorata</em> (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiotrichidae) on jellyfish of the genus <em>Rhopilema</em> (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in Vietnamese waters</strong></p>
Authors: SIRENKO BORIS I. , SMIRNOV IGOR S. , STEPANJANTS SOFIA D. , POLTARUHA OLEG P. , SAVINKIN OLEG V. 
Published: October 2019

First finding of brittle star Ophiocnemis marmorata in jellyfishes of genus Rhopilema in waters of Vietnam is described. Symbiosis between scyphomedusae and epizoic invertebrates, in particular with hyperiid amphipods, has long been known (Thiel 1976). However, the association of echinoderms with jellyfish is unusual and has seldom been reported. Russian investigators worked in the Nhatrang Bay near the Tam Island in 2011. Underwater they could meet enough greater number Scyphozoa jellyfishes Rhopilema hispidum (Vanhöffen, 1888). Inside of a bell of many jellyfishes were visible brittle stars. One such jellyfish was placed in a bucket under water and delivered aboard a vessel together with all symbionts. Among symbionts there were 9 juvenile fishes, 7 swimming crabs Charybdis feriata (Linnaeus, 1758), 4 shrimps and 5 brittle star specimens Ophiocnemis marmorata (Lamarck, 1816).
<strong>New reports of echinoderms on the Caribbean continental slope of central America</strong>
Authors: CAMBRONERO-SOLANO SERGIO , BENAVIDES R. , SOLÍS-MARÍN F. A. , ALVARADO J. J. 
Published: October 2019

The Caribbean is considered a unique biogeographic region that represents an important hotspot of marine diversity in the Atlantic Ocean. The Caribbean Continental Slope of Central America (CCCA) is a largely unexplored area that exhibits a variety of habitats. Among this unstudied biodiversity, special importance has been given to the benthic communities associated with deep bottoms, a diverse group that plays a major role in the ocean carbon cycling and nutrient flux. Echinoderms are one of the main benthic deep sea taxa, in which Holothuroidea is the globally dominant class. We present the results from the first exploratory fishing survey campaign on the CCCA, done under the regional coordination of OSPESCA (Central America Fisheries and Aquaculture Organization) on board of the R/V Miguel Oliver in January 2011. Data was collected from a total of 96 trawls arranged in 25 transects that started in Panama and finished in Belize. A Lofoten bottom trawling net was dragged for 30 min between 0 to 1500m depth. The major component of the total invertebrate catch was Holothuroidea with a biomass of 593 kg (16.49% of the total) and represented by seven species. The following are new reports for the Caribbean: Bathyplotes natans in Honduras and Guatemala, Bentothuria funebris in Panama, Benthodytes sanguinolenta in Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Belize; Hansenothuria sp. in Panama, Costa Rica and Honduras. Paroriza pallens extends its distribution to Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras, Zygothuria lactea its reported in Panama. We also present the first records of the crinoid Neocomatella pulchella in Honduras, theasteroid Cheiraster (Cheiraster) planusin Panama, and, for Costa Rica (Asteroidea: Doraster constellatus and Echinoidea: Clypeaster euclastus).Holothurians are the predominant invertebrate fauna in terms of biomass in the entire region of the CCCA. These findings suggest that CCCA presents a high echinoderm biodiversity and also supports the ecoregional variation theory. We report higher echinoderm biomass (75%) in the Southwestern Caribbean compared to Western Caribbean ecoregion. The information presented in this paper establishes the baseline information of echinoderms depth fauna in the Caribbean of Central America, and opens new opportunities for future research.
<strong>A field guide to coastal echinoderms of the Kerguelen Islands</strong>
Authors: FERAL J.-P. , POULIN E. , DE RIDDER C. , SAUCEDE T. 
Published: October 2019

One of the current challenges in today’s ecology research is to understand and quantify the effects of climate changes on biodiversity. In order to detect possible trends in biodiversity patterns, it is necessary to conduct long-term observations in various and representative environments. This is always challenging, even more difficult in marine habitats and in the Southern Ocean in particular. Since 2012, a submarine observatory of the coastal benthos has been in operation in the Kerguelen Islands. Eight contrasting sites are monitored using photo and video surveys, loggers, and settlement plots. To quantify potential changes, several photographic analysis techniques are also complemented by scuba diving and ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) observations. Investigator scientists have developed and improved new protocols that will be carried out in the long term by the staff of the National Natural Reserve of the French Southern Territories. In order to provide reliable support of species identification, the Proteker program supported by IPEV, French Polar Institute, is currently developing several field guides that should improve the identification of the main taxa being monitored. In light of their abundance in coastal environments of the Kerguelen Islands, and because they are among the most visible invertebrates and the easiest of organisms to consider for monitoring surveys, we first focused on echinoderms. Results of this first study are presented here. For each echinoderm species, a spreadsheet provides the species name with synonymies, a description of diagnostic features, the recorded distribution, as well as three different types of illustrations: (i) living specimens in their environment, which is useful for scuba divers, (ii) fresh collected specimens out of water, and (iii) specimens fixed in ethanol. Therefore, species can be identified alive while diving, but also after sampling in the field, and after several years in the laboratory. An assessment of Kerguelen’s coastal echinoderms is also given.
Neotype designation and re-description of Prolachlanius resinatus (Hagen) (Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae) from Baltic amber, with the first record of the species from Rovno amber
Authors: MAKARKIN VLADIMIR N. , PERKOVSKY EVGENY E. , GRÖHN CARSTEN 
Published: October 2019

Prolachlanius resinatus (Hagen) is re-described, based on five specimens from late Eocene Baltic amber (including the neotype designated herein) and the first recorded specimen from contemporaneous Rovno amber (Klesov locality). This is the most common species of Hemerobiidae in Baltic amber. The forewing venation of Prolachlanius is most similar to that of Sympherobius, and, therefore, its assignment to Sympherobiinae is confirmed. The genus differs from other Sympherobiinae by the distal branch of RP being not deeply forked, and the presence of crossvein 4r-m in the forewing. The male genitalia of Prolachlanius are sufficiently dissimilar from those of other Sympherobiinae to distinguish it as a separate genus, particularly by the structure of the ectoprocts, and the 8th and 9th sternites. The extremely short eighth sternite of Prolachlanius is especially noteworthy.
Interannual Variability of North American Winter Temperature Extremes and Its Associated Circulation Anomalies in Observations and CMIP5 Simulations
Authors: Yu B. , Lin H. , Kharin V. V. , Wang X. L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe interannual variability of wintertime North American surface temperature extremes and its generation and maintenance are analyzed in this study. The leading mode of the temperature extreme anomalies, revealed by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses of December–February mean temperature extreme indices over North America, is characterized by an anomalous center of action over western-central Canada. In association with the leading mode of temperature extreme variability, the large-scale atmospheric circulation features an anomalous Pacific–North American (PNA)-like pattern from the preceding fall to winter, which has important implications for seasonal prediction of North American temperature extremes. A positive PNA pattern leads to more warm and fewer cold extremes over western-central Canada. The anomalous circulation over the PNA sector drives thermal advection that contributes to temperature anomalies over North America, as well as a Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)-like sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern in the midlatitude North Pacific. The PNA-like circulation anomaly tends to be supported by SST warming in the tropical central-eastern Pacific and a positive synoptic-scale eddy vorticity forcing feedback on the large-scale circulation over the PNA sector. The leading extreme mode–associated atmospheric circulation patterns obtained from the observational and reanalysis data, together with the anomalous SST and synoptic eddy activities, are reasonably well simulated in most CMIP5 models and in the multimodel mean. For most models considered, the simulated patterns of atmospheric circulation, SST, and synoptic eddy activities have lower spatial variances than the corresponding observational and reanalysis patterns over the PNA sector, especially over the North Pacific.
Femtosecond Laser Fabricated Elastomeric Superhydrophobic Surface with Stretching-Enhanced Water Repellency
Authors: Yang Huan , Xu Kaichen , Xu Changwen , Fan Dianyuan , Cao Yu , Xue Wei , Pang Jihong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Highly stretchable and robust superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted tremendous interest due to their broad application prospects. In this work, silicone elastomers were chosen to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces with femtosecond laser texturing method, and high stretchability and tunable adhesion of the superhydrophobic surfaces were demonstrated successfully. To our best knowledge, it is the first time flexible superhydrophobic surfaces with a bearable strain up to 400% are fabricated by simple laser ablation. The test also shows that the strain brings no decline of water repellency but an enhancement to the superhydrophobic surfaces. In addition, a stretching-induced transition from “petal” state to “lotus” state of the laser-textured surface was also demonstrated by non-loss transportation of liquid droplets. Our results manifest that femtosecond laser ablating silicone elastomer could be a promising way for fabricating superhydrophobic surface with distinct merits of high stretchability, tunable adhesion, robustness, and non-fluorination, which is potentially useful for microfluidics, biomedicine, and liquid repellent skin.
Prediction of sgRNA on-target activity in bacteria by deep learning
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Juhua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
One of the main challenges for the CRISPR-Cas9 system is selecting optimal single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs). Recently, deep learning has enhanced sgRNA prediction in eukaryotes. However, the prokaryotic chromatin structure is different from eukaryotes, so models trained on eukaryotes may not apply to prokaryotes.

Results
We designed and implemented a convolutional neural network to predict sgRNA activity in Escherichia coli. The network was trained and tested on the recently-released sgRNA activity dataset. Our convolutional neural network achieved excellent performance, yielding average Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.5817, 0.7105, and 0.3602, respectively for Cas9, eSpCas9 and Cas9 with a recA coding region deletion. We confirmed that the sgRNA prediction models trained on prokaryotes do not apply to eukaryotes and vice versa. We adopted perturbation-based approaches to analyze distinct biological patterns between prokaryotic and eukaryotic editing. Then, we improved the predictive performance of the prokaryotic Cas9 system by transfer learning. Finally, we determined that potential off-target scores accumulated on a genome-wide scale affect on-target activity, which could slightly improve on-target predictive performance.

Conclusions
We developed convolutional neural networks to predict sgRNA activity for wild type and mutant Cas9 in prokaryotes. Our results show that the prediction accuracy of our method is improved over state-of-the-art models.
Genome wide survey, evolution and expression analysis of PHD finger genes reveal their diverse roles during the development and abiotic stress responses in Brassica rapa L.
Authors: Alam Intikhab , Liu Cui-Cui , Ge Hong-Liu , Batool Khadija , Yang Yan-Qing , Lu Yun-Hai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPlant homeodomain (PHD) finger proteins are widely present in all eukaryotes and play important roles in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger can specifically bind a number of histone modifications as an “epigenome reader”, and mediate the activation or repression of underlying genes. Many PHD finger genes have been characterized in animals, but only few studies were conducted on plant PHD finger genes to this day.Brassica rapa(AA, 2n = 20) is an economically important vegetal, oilseed and fodder crop, and also a good model crop for functional and evolutionary studies of important gene families amongBrassicaspecies due to its close relationship toArabidopsis thaliana.ResultsWe identified a total of 145 putative PHD finger proteins containing 233 PHD domains from the current version ofB. rapagenome database. Gene ontology analysis showed that 67.7% of them were predicted to be located in nucleus, and 91.3% were predicted to be involved in protein binding activity. Phylogenetic, gene structure, and additional domain analyses clustered them into different groups and subgroups, reflecting their diverse functional roles during plant growth and development. Chromosomal location analysis showed that they were unevenly distributed on the 10B. rapachromosomes. Expression analysis from RNA-Seq data showed that 55.7% of them were constitutively expressed in all the tested tissues or organs with relatively higher expression levels reflecting their important housekeeping roles in plant growth and development, while several other members were identified as preferentially expressed in specific tissues or organs. Expression analysis of a subset of 18B. rapaPHD finger genes under drought and salt stresses showed that all these tested members were responsive to the two abiotic stress treatments.ConclusionsOur results reveal that the PHD finger genes play diverse roles in plant growth and development, and can serve as a source of candidate genes for genetic engineering and improvement ofBrassicacrops against abiotic stresses. This study provides valuable information and lays the foundation for further functional determination of PHD finger genes across theBrassicaspecies.
Pruritus in patients with chronic liver disease and serum autotaxin levels in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Fujino Hatsue , Tanaka Mio , Imamura Michio , Morio Kei , Ono Atsushi , Nakahara Takashi , Murakami Eisuke , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Takahashi Shoichi , Miki Daiki , Tsuge Masataka , Hiramatsu Akira , Aikata Hiroshi , Hayes C. Nelson , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPruritus is a common symptom seen in patients with chronic liver disease. However, frequency and severity of pruritus in patients with chronic liver disease is unclear. We investigated frequency, severity and predictive factors of pruritus in these patients from a large cohort.MethodsA total of 2477 patients with chronic liver disease without allergies or skin diseases were investigated for itch frequency and severity. Itch severity was self-assessed using pruritus scores using the numerical rating scale (NRS). Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with pruritus. Serum autotaxin levels were measured in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and the relationship to liver fibrosis and pruritus was analyzed.ResultsThe frequency of pruritus in patients with chronic liver disease was significantly higher than in subjects without liver disease (29.8 and 16.2%, respectively,P < 0.001). NRS was high in patients with chronic liver disease, especially in those with PBC, as is generally expected. Multivariate analysis identified lower albumin, higher eosinophil count, and etiology of PBC as independent factors associated with severe pruritus (≥5 points of NRS). In patients with PBC, serum autotaxin levels were significantly correlated with liver fibrosis markers such as platelet count and liver stiffness, and hepatobiliary enzymes such as total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. However, no significant correlations between serum autotaxin levels and frequency and severity of pruritus were observed in patients with PBC.ConclusionThe frequency of pruritus was high in patients with chronic liver disease. Reduction of liver function is associated with severe pruritus based on the large number of patients with chronic liver disease. Serum autotaxin is useful for assessing liver fibrosis and severity of cholangitis; however, it is not a predictive marker for severe pruritus in patients with PBC.
The impact of D-cycloserine and sarcosine on in vivo frontal neural activity in a schizophrenia-like model
Authors: Yao Lulu , Wang Zongliang , Deng Di , Yan Rongzhen , Ju Jun , Zhou Qiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction has been proposed to underlie the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Specifically, reduced function of NMDARs leads to altered balance between excitation and inhibition which further drives neural network malfunctions. Clinical studies suggested that NMDAR modulators (glycine, D-serine, D-cycloserine and glycine transporter inhibitors) may be beneficial in treating schizophrenia patients. Preclinical evidence also suggested that these NMDAR modulators may enhance synaptic NMDAR function and synaptic plasticity in brain slices. However, an important issue that has not been addressed is whether these NMDAR modulators modulate neural activity/spiking in vivo.

Methods
By using in vivo calcium imaging and single unit recording, we tested the effect of D-cycloserine, sarcosine (glycine transporter 1 inhibitor) and glycine, on schizophrenia-like model mice.

Results
In vivo neural activity is significantly higher in the schizophrenia-like model mice, compared to control mice. D-cycloserine and sarcosine showed no significant effect on neural activity in the schizophrenia-like model mice. Glycine induced a large reduction in movement in home cage and reduced in vivo brain activity in control mice which prevented further analysis of its effect in schizophrenia-like model mice.

Conclusions
We conclude that there is no significant impact of the tested NMDAR modulators on neural spiking in the schizophrenia-like model mice.