bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biometric, nutritional, biochemical, and cardiovascular outcomes in male rats submitted to an experimental model of early weaning that mimics mother abandoning
Authors: Barros Rogério Barbosa de Magalhães , Alvim-Silva Thaís , de Souza Júlia Raquel Nunes , Marques Emiliana Barbosa , Rocha Nazareth N. , Brito Fernanda C. F. , Scaramello Christianne B. V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLiterature describes breast milk as the best food for the newborn, recommending exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months of age. However, it is not available for more than 40% of children worldwide. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological models of 3-day early weaning were developed in rodents to investigate later outcomes related solely to this nutritional insult. Thus, the present work aimed to describe biometric, nutritional, biochemical, and cardiovascular outcomes in adult male rats submitted to 3-day early weaning achieved by maternal deprivation. This experimental model comprises not only nutritional insult but also emotional stress, simulating mother abandoning. Male offspring were physically separated from their mothers at 21st (control) or 18th (early weaning) postnatal day, receiving water/food ad libitum. Analysis performed at postnatal days 30, 90, 150, and 365 encompassed body mass and food intake monitoring and serum biochemistry determination. Further assessments included hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and cardiorespiratory evaluation. Early-weaned males presented higher body weight when compared to control as well as dyslipidemia, higher blood pressure, diastolic dysfunction, and cardiac hypertrophy in adult life. Animals early deprived of their mothers have also presented a worse performance on the maximal effort ergometer test. This work shows that 3-day early maternal deprivation favors the development of cardiovascular disease in male rats.
Towards a consistent framework of comparing galaxy mergers in observations and simulations
Authors: Wang L. , Pearson W. J. , Rodriguez-Gomez V. 
Published: September 2020

Aims.We aim to perform consistent comparisons between observations and simulations on the mass dependence of the galaxy major merger fraction at low redshift over an unprecedentedly wide range of stellar masses (∼109to 1012 M⊙).Methods.We first carry out forward modelling of ideal synthetic images of major mergers and non-mergers selected from the Next Generation Illustris Simulations (IllustrisTNG) to include major observational effects. We then train deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using realistic mock observations of galaxy samples from the simulations. Subsequently, we apply the trained CNNs to real the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) images of galaxies selected from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. Based on the major merger samples, which are detected in a consistent manner in the observations and simulations, we determine the dependence of major merger fraction on stellar mass atz ∼ 0.15 and make comparisons between the two.Results.The detected major merger fraction in the GAMA/KiDS observations has a fairly mild decreasing trend with increasing stellar mass over the mass range 109 M⊙ <  M* <  1011.5 M⊙. There is good agreement in the mass dependence of the major merger fraction in the GAMA/KiDS observations and the IllustrisTNG simulations over 109.5 M⊙ <  M* <  1010.5 M⊙. However, the observations and the simulations show some differences atM* >  1010.5 M⊙, possibly due to the supermassive blackhole feedback in its low-accretion state in the simulations which causes a sharp transition in the quenched fractions at this mass scale. The discrepancy could also be due to the relatively small volume of the simulations and/or differences in how stellar masses are measured in simulations and observations.
Structure of the human clamp loader reveals an autoinhibited conformation of a substrate-bound AAA+ switch
Authors: Gaubitz Christl , Liu Xingchen , Magrino Joseph , Stone Nicholas P. , Landeck Jacob , Hedglin Mark , Kelch Brian A. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
DNA replication and repair depend on AAA+ ATPase protein complexes called clamp loaders that open and load ring-shaped sliding clamps onto DNA. Using cryogenic electron microscopy, we determined the first structure of the human clamp loader (RFC), which is in an autoinhibited conformation while bound to the sliding clamp (PCNA). We assign this to be a reaction intermediate prior to clamp opening and propose a conformational change necessary for activation, leading to a unique paradigm for the AAA+ ATPase mechanism. We examined RFC’s interaction with a PCNA disease variant, which illuminates how this variant maintains tight interactions with some partners. Finally, mapping of cancer mutations onto RFC’s structure suggests stability as a key factor in proper function and human health.
Neural progenitor cell pyroptosis contributes to Zika virus-induced brain atrophy and represents a therapeutic target
Authors: He Zhenjian , An Shu , Chen Jiahui , Zhang Shuqing , Tan Chahui , Yu Jianchen , Ye Hengming , Wu Yun , Yuan Jie , Wu Jueheng , Zhu Xun , Li Mengfeng 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Zika virus (ZIKV) has been identified as a cause of microcephaly. However, the mechanisms by which ZIKV disrupts neurogenesis and causes microcephaly remains poorly understood. Here, we first report that ZIKV exposure causes neural progenitor cell pyroptosis, mediated by activation of caspase-1 and gasdermin D in vivo as well as in vitro, which links ZIKV to the development and progression of microcephaly. Consistent with this notion, caspase-1 deletion or treatment with caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 reduced ZIKV-induced inflammatory responses and pyroptosis, and robustly attenuated neuropathy and brain atrophy. Taken together, our findings provide unique perspectives on ZIKV-associated neuropathogenesis and potentially clinically applicable options for its treatment.
Pulling a folded polymer through a nanopore
Authors: Ghosh Bappa , Sarabadani Jalal , Chaudhury Srabanti , Ala-Nissila Tapio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We investigate the translocation dynamics of a folded linear polymer which is pulled through a nanopore by an external force. To this end, we generalize the iso-flux tension propagation theory for end-pulled polymer translocation to include the case of two segments of the folded polymer traversing simultaneously trough the pore. Our theory is extensively benchmarked with corresponding molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The translocation process for a folded polymer can be divided into two main stages. In the first stage, both branches are traversing the pore and their dynamics is coupled. If the branches are not of equal length, there is a second stage where translocation of the shorter branch has been completed. Using the assumption of equal monomer flux of both branches confirmed by MD simulations, we analytically derive the equations of motion for both branches and characterize the translocation dynamics in detail from the average waiting time and its scaling form.
Complex (super)-matrix models with external sources and q-ensembles of Chern–Simons and ABJ(M) type
Authors: Santilli Leonardo , Tierz Miguel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Langmann–Szabo–Zarembo (LSZ) matrix model is a complex matrix model with a quartic interaction and two external matrices. The model appears in the study of a scalar field theory on the non-commutative plane. We prove that the LSZ matrix model computes the probability of atypically large fluctuations in the Stieltjes–Wigert matrix model, which is a q-ensemble describing U(N) Chern–Simons theory on the three-sphere. The correspondence holds in a generalized sense: depending on the spectra of the two external matrices, the LSZ matrix model either describes probabilities of large fluctuations in the Chern–Simons partition function, in the unknot invariant or in the two-unknot invariant. We extend the result to supermatrix models, and show that a generalized LSZ supermatrix model describes the probability of atypically large fluctuations in the ABJ(M) matrix model.
Individual Differences in Cognitive Performance Are Better Predicted by Global Rather Than Localized BOLD Activity Patterns Across the Cortex
Authors: Zhao Weiqi , Palmer Clare E , Thompson Wesley K , Chaarani Bader , Garavan Hugh P , Casey B J , Jernigan Terry L , Dale Anders M , Fan Chun Chieh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite its central role in revealing the neurobiological mechanisms of behavior, neuroimaging research faces the challenge of producing reliable biomarkers for cognitive processes and clinical outcomes. Statistically significant brain regions, identified by mass univariate statistical models commonly used in neuroimaging studies, explain minimal phenotypic variation, limiting the translational utility of neuroimaging phenotypes. This is potentially due to the observation that behavioral traits are influenced by variations in neuroimaging phenotypes that are globally distributed across the cortex and are therefore not captured by thresholded, statistical parametric maps commonly reported in neuroimaging studies. Here, we developed a novel multivariate prediction method, the Bayesian polyvertex score, that turns a unthresholded statistical parametric map into a summary score that aggregates the many but small effects across the cortex for behavioral prediction. By explicitly assuming a globally distributed effect size pattern and operating on the mass univariate summary statistics, it was able to achieve higher out-of-sample variance explained than mass univariate and popular multivariate methods while still preserving the interpretability of a generative model. Our findings suggest that similar to the polygenicity observed in the field of genetics, the neural basis of complex behaviors may rest in the global patterning of effect size variation of neuroimaging phenotypes, rather than in localized, candidate brain regions and networks.
Comparative genomic analyses illuminate the distinct evolution of megabats within Chiroptera
Authors: Nikaido Masato , Kondo Shinji , Zhang Zicong , Wu Jiaqi , Nishihara Hidenori , Niimura Yoshihito , Suzuki Shunta , Touhara Kazushige , Suzuki Yutaka , Noguchi Hideki , Minakuchi Yohei , Toyoda Atsushi , Fujiyama Asao , Sugano Sumio , Yoneda Misako , Kai Chieko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe revision of the sub-order Microchiroptera is one of the most intriguing outcomes in recent mammalian molecular phylogeny. The unexpected sister–taxon relationship between rhinolophoid microbats and megabats, with the exclusion of other microbats, suggests that megabats arose in a relatively short period of time from a microbat-like ancestor. In order to understand the genetic mechanism underlying adaptive evolution in megabats, we determined the whole-genome sequences of two rousette megabats, Leschenault’s rousette (Rousettus leschenaultia) and the Egyptian fruit bat (R. aegyptiacus). The sequences were compared with those of 22 other mammals, including nine bats, available in the database. We identified that megabat genomes are distinct in that they have extremely low activity of SINE retrotranspositions, expansion of two chemosensory gene families, including the trace amine receptor (TAAR) and olfactory receptor (OR), and elevation of the dN/dS ratio in genes for immunity and protein catabolism. The adaptive signatures discovered in the genomes of megabats may provide crucial insight into their distinct evolution, including key processes such as virus resistance, loss of echolocation, and frugivorous feeding.
Impact of surgical treatment of pectus carinatum on cardiopulmonary function: a prospective study
Authors: Del Frari Barbara , Sigl Stephan , Schwabegger Anton H , Blank Cornelia , Morawetz David , Gassner Eva , Schobersberger Wolfgang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The frequency of sternochondroplasty in cases of pectus carinatum (PC) has increased due to greater surgeon experience and modified surgical techniques. PC deformity does not usually cause cardiopulmonary malfunction or impairment. However, whether cardiopulmonary function changes after surgical repair remains a matter of controversy. The aim of our prospective study was to determine if surgery changes preoperative cardiopulmonary function.

METHODS
Nineteen patients (16 males, 3 females) were enrolled in a prospective, open-label, single-arm, single-centre clinical trial (Impact of Surgical Treatments of Thoracic Deformation on Cardiopulmonary Function) (NCT02163265) between July 2013 and January 2017. All patients underwent PC repair via a modified Ravitch procedure and wore a lightweight, patient-controlled chest brace for 8 weeks postoperatively (the Innsbruck protocol). The average follow-up surgical examination was 8.3 months after surgery. In all enrolled patients, before surgery and not before 6 months postoperatively chest X-ray, 3-dimensional volume-rendered computed tomography thorax imaging, cardiopulmonary function tests with stepwise cycle spiroergometry (sitting and supine position) and Doppler echocardiography were performed; questionnaires about daily physical activity were also completed.

RESULTS
Fourteen patients (aged 16.3 ± 2.6 years at study entry) completed the study. Changes in submaximal and peak power output were not detected during sitting, or when in the supine position. Also, no clinically relevant postoperative changes in spirometry or echocardiography were noted.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings confirm that surgical correction of PC does not impair cardiopulmonary function at rest or during physical exercise.

Clinical registration number
clinicaltrials.gov NCT02163265.
Availability, Accessibility, and Coverage of Needle and Syringe Programs in Prisons in the European Union
Authors: Moazen Babak , Dolan Kate , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Lotfizadeh Masoud , Duke Karen , Neuhann Florian , Stöver Heino , Jahn Albrecht 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeedle and syringe programs (NSPs) are among the most effective interventions for controlling the transmission of infection among people who inject drugs in prisons. We evaluated the availability, accessibility, and coverage of NSPs in prisons in European Union (EU) countries. In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, we systematically searched 4 databases of peer-reviewed publications (MEDLINE (PubMed), ISI Web of Science, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect) and 53 databases containing gray literature to collect data published from January 2008 to August 2018. A total of 23,969 documents (17,297 papers and 6,672 gray documents) were identified, of which 26 were included in the study. In 2018, imprisonment rates in 28 EU countries ranged between 51 per 100,000 population in Finland and 235 per 100,000 population in Lithuania. Only 4 countries were found to have NSPs in prisons: Germany (in 1 prison), Luxembourg (no coverage data were found), Romania (available in more than 50% of prisons), and Spain (in all prisons). Portugal stopped an NSP after a 6-month pilot phase. Despite the protective impact of prison-based NSPs on infection transmission, only 4 EU countries distribute sterile syringes among people who inject drugs in prisons, and coverage of the programs within these countries is very low. Since most prisoners will eventually return to the community, lack of NSPs in EU prisons not only is a threat to the health of prisoners but also endangers public health.
Full waveform inversion by proximal Newton method using adaptive regularization
Authors: Aghamiry H S , Gholami A , Operto S 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY
Regularization is necessary for solving non-linear ill-posed inverse problems arising in different fields of geosciences. The base of a suitable regularization is the prior expressed by the regularizer, which can be non-adaptive or adaptive (data-driven), smooth or non-smooth, variational-based or not. Nevertheless, tailoring a suitable and easy-to-implement prior for describing geophysical models is a non-trivial task. In this paper, we propose two generic optimization algorithms to implement arbitrary regularization in non-linear inverse problems such as full-waveform inversion (FWI), where the regularization task is recast as a denoising problem. We assess these optimization algorithms with the plug-and-play block matching (BM3D) regularization algorithm, which determines empirical priors adaptively without any optimization formulation. The non-linear inverse problem is solved with a proximal Newton method, which generalizes the traditional Newton step in such a way to involve the gradients/subgradients of a (possibly non-differentiable) regularization function through operator splitting and proximal mappings. Furthermore, it requires to account for the Hessian matrix in the regularized least-squares optimization problem. We propose two different splitting algorithms for this task. In the first, we compute the Newton search direction with an iterative method based upon the first-order generalized iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (ISTA), and hence Newton-ISTA (NISTA). The iterations require only Hessian-vector products to compute the gradient step of the quadratic approximation of the non-linear objective function. The second relies on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), and hence Newton-ADMM (NADMM), where the least-squares optimization subproblem and the regularization subproblem in the composite objective function are decoupled through auxiliary variable and solved in an alternating mode. The least-squares subproblem can be solved with exact, inexact, or quasi-Newton methods. We compare NISTA and NADMM numerically by solving FWI with BM3D regularization. The tests show promising results obtained by both algorithms. However, NADMM shows a faster convergence rate than NISTA when using L-BFGS to solve the Newton system.
The Fairy Tale of the Average Consumer: Why We Should Not Rely on the Real Consumer When Assessing the Likelihood of Confusion
Authors: Anemaet Lotte 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The present article considers whether the confusion analysis in trademark law is at risk of being used strategically as a self-servicing mechanism by the industry to obtain trademark rights to descriptive, cultural and non-traditional signs. In this context, two features of the trademark system are particularly worrisome. First, trademark owners can strengthen the distinctive character of their marks by investing in marketing and branding campaigns. Second, trademark owners can afford expensive surveys demonstrating the high distinctiveness of their marks and strengthening their position in an infringement case. A study of 189 Dutch cases reveals that in the likelihood-of-confusion assessment, the degree of a mark’s distinctiveness and corresponding empirical findings can have a deep impact. However, the study also shows that descriptive, cultural and non-traditional signs were not often disputed. In practice, the risk of misappropriating these signs might therefore be limited. In some cases, however, trademark owners did succeed in achieving a broad scope of protection regarding descriptive, cultural and non-traditional signs. Therefore, national courts should have more room to make normative corrections in favour of freedom-of-competition interests. This would allow judges to prevent trademark owners from achieving unjustified economic advantages flowing from these signs.
Bridging the gap with a gender lens: How two implementation research datasets were repurposed to inform health policy reform in Kenya
Authors: Suchman Lauren , Appleford Gabrielle , Owino Edward , Seefeld Charlotte Avery 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Policies as they are written often mask the power relations behind their creation (Hull, 2008). As a result, not only are policies that appear neat on the page frequently messy in their implementation on the ground, but the messiness of implementation, and implementation science, often brings these hidden power relations to light. In this paper, we examine the process by which different data sources were generated within a programme meant to increase access to quality private healthcare for the poorest populations in Kenya, how these sources were brought and analyzed together to examine gender bias in the large-scale rollout of Kenya’s National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) beyond public hospitals and civil service employees, and how these findings ultimately were developed in real time to feed into the NHIF reform process. We point to the ways in which data generated for implementation science purposes and without a specific focus on gender were analyzed with a policy implementation analysis lens to look at gender issues at the policy level, and pay particular attention to the role that the ongoing close partnership between the evaluators and implementers played in allowing the teams to develop and turn findings around on short timelines. In conclusion, we discuss possibilities for programme evaluators and implementers to generate new data and feed routine monitoring data into policy reform processes to create a health policy environment that serves patients more effectively and equitably. Implementation science is generally focused on programmatic improvement; the experiences in Kenya make clear that it can, and should, also be considered for policy improvement.
Establishing essential metrics for antifungal stewardship in hospitals: the results of an international Delphi survey
Authors: Khanina A , Urbancic K F , Haeusler G M , Kong D C M , Douglas A P , Tio S Y , Worth L J , Slavin M A , Thursky K A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGuidance on assessment of the quantity and appropriateness of antifungal prescribing is required to assist hospitals to interpret data effectively and structure quality improvement programmes.ObjectivesTo achieve expert consensus on a core set of antifungal stewardship (AFS) metrics and to determine their feasibility for implementation.MethodsA literature review was undertaken to develop a list of candidate metrics. International experts were invited to participate in sequential web-based surveys to evaluate the importance and feasibility of metrics in the area of AFS using Delphi methodology. Three surveys were completed. Consensus was predefined as ≥80% agreement on the importance of each metric.ResultsEighty-two experts consented to participate from 17 different countries. Response rate for each survey was &gt;80%. The panel included adult and paediatric physicians, microbiologists and pharmacists with diverse content expertise. Consensus was achieved for 38 metrics considered important to routinely include in AFS programmes, and related to antifungal consumption (n = 5), quality of antifungal prescribing and management of invasive fungal infection (IFI) (n = 24), and clinical outcomes (n = 9). Twenty-one consensus metrics were considered to have moderate to high feasibility for routine collection.ConclusionsThe identified core AFS metrics will provide a framework to comprehensively assess the quantity and quality of antifungal prescribing within hospitals to develop quality improvement programmes aimed at improving IFI prevention, management and patient-centred outcomes. A standardized approach will support collaboration and benchmarking to monitor the efficacy of current prophylaxis and treatment guidelines, and will provide important feedback to guideline developers.