bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Rivastigmine on Brain Functional Networks in Patients With Alzheimer Disease Based on the Graph Theory
Authors: Zhang Jiangtao , Cheng Jianan , Yang Hua 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the effect of rivastigmine on brain function in Alzheimer disease (AD) by analyzing brain functional network based on the graph theory.MethodsWe enrolled 9 patients with mild to moderate AD who received rivastigmine treatment and 9 healthy controls (HC). Subsequently, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to establish the whole-brain functional network using a graph theory–based analysis. Furthermore, we compared systemic and local network indicators between pre- and posttreatment.ResultsPatients with AD exhibited a posttreatment increase in the Mini-Mental State Examination scores and a decrease in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale scores and activities of daily living. The systemic network for HC and patients with AD had good pre- and posttreatment clustering coefficients. There was no change in theCp,Lp, Gamma, Lambda, and Sigma in patients with AD. There were no significant between-group differences in the pre- and posttreatment systemic network measures. Regarding the regional network, patients with AD showed increased betweenness centrality in the bilateral caudate nucleus and right superior temporal pole after treatment with rivastigmine. However, there was no between-group difference in the pre- and posttreatment betweenness centrality of these regions. There were no significant correlations between regional network measure changes and clinical score alterations in patients with AD.ConclusionsThere are similar systemic network properties between patients with AD and HC. Rivastigmine cannot alter systemic network attributes in patients with AD. However, it improves the topological properties of regional networks and between-node information transmission in patients with AD.
Combination of experiments and CFD analysis for in-flight wings deflections estimation
Authors: Ovesy Hamid Reza , Gharibi Ali , Khaki Reza 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This study aims to develop a new correlation method for prediction of in-flight wings deflections by integration of the experimental ground tests with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
The ground test results are implemented in the curve fitting process to determine deflections at 66 specific points (SPs) on the front and rear wing torque box. By using the obtained deflections and the corresponding applied loads, an experimental deflection equation (EDE) for each point is established through the Castigliano’s theorem. The CFD aerodynamic loads of typical aircraft, which have been obtained earlier by the authors, are once again used in the current research. The total applied loads to each part are achieved via summation of inertia and aerodynamic loads. The obtained loads are transformed to the equivalent concentrated loads at the SPs. By substituting the concentrated load values in the EDEs, the SPs deflections are achieved for mentioned flight conditions. The resulted deflections and the corresponding input flight parameters, i.e. M and α, are incorporated into a linear regression method for development of the appropriate in-flight deflection equations (IFDEs). The validity of IFDEs is approved by comparing IFDEs’ deflections with the corresponding ones calculated through EDEs for different flight conditions.

Findings
As an alternative approach to the fairly expensive flight tests, the IFDEs can be used to predict the in-flight wing deflections with comparable degree of accuracy.

Originality/value
Prediction of actual wing deflections distributions without flight tests execution at any given flight condition.
Examining the relationship between neuropsychological functioning assessed during admission to a high secure psychiatric care hospital and vulnerability to long-term segregation
Authors: McMichael Ishbel , Tiley Olivia , Broyd Josephine , Murphy David 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the relationship between neuropsychological functioning as assessed following admission to a high secure psychiatric care (HSPC) hospital and subsequent time spent in long-term segregation (LTS). Evidence from forensic populations suggests neuropsychological functioning difficulties can increase vulnerability to interpersonal violence. However, the impact of this relationship on restrictive interventions used in these settings is poorly understood.

Design/methodology/approach
This study quantitatively examined the neuropsychological profiles of 80 male HSPC patients as assessed during routine admission assessments, comparing data against any subsequent LTS duration during a one-year period, and a non-LTS control (n = 27).

Findings
Analysis found individuals who were willing and able to complete a routine neuropsychological admissions assessment spent significantly less time in LTS than those unable to complete the assessment. Performance within a test of novel problem solving (Key Search Test) was significantly worse in the LTS group than controls. Performance within a visual memory task (Immediate Recall section of the Rey Complex Figure Test) significantly correlated with LTS duration. Additional findings suggest the absence of self-reported planning difficulties as measured by a Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) negatively correlated with LTS duration, while self-reported restlessness was positively correlated with LTS.

Practical implications
This has implications for early assessment of LTS risk and potential use of cognitive interventions to reduce the use of restrictive practices.

Originality/value
The results suggest some aspects of neuropsychological performance as assessed during admission to a HSPC hospital appear to be related to subsequent time spent in LTS.
The manifestation of coordination failures in service triads
Authors: Kalra Jas , Lewis Michael , Roehrich Jens K. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate governance in service triads, specifically studying significant steering and connecting coordination failures, to reveal typically hidden characteristics and consequences.Design/methodology/approachThis study focuses on coordination functions and activities between a buyer (a government department), a customer (a military service) and two service providers. Rich data on these normally confidential service ties are drawn from an official report into the causes of a fatal accident involving a UK reconnaissance aircraft and specifically from the evidence presented regarding the earlier development of its complex safety case. The authors also analysed a range of additional secondary data sources.FindingsThe authors examine the sources, drivers and manifestation of coordination failures. The authors uncover a series of coordination failures driven from the bridge position, revealing that while bounded rationality and opportunism influenced steering coordination failures, connecting coordination failures were associated with knowledge asymmetry, dyadic inertia and unethical practices.Practical implicationsOrganisations and governments delivering complex projects and knowledge-intensive professional services should guard against outsourcing the “coordination” activity to a third party, thereby relinquishing the bridge position. Handing over the bridge position to an integrator would leave the client vulnerable to coordination dysfunctions such as bounded rationality, opportunism, knowledge asymmetry, dyadic inertia and unethical practices.Originality/valueThe study links the previously separate research streams of service triads and inter-organizational coordination. While extant research pays attention to mainly positive control functions, this study focuses on all three actors in two (failed) service triads – and highlights the impact of coordination activities and failures.
Economic valuation of environmental attributes of the Yanachaga–Chemillén National Park via contingent valuation and choice experiment
Authors: Amaya Pedro Manuel , Esenarro Vargas Doris , Rodriguez Rodriguez Ciro , Vega Violeta , López Bulnes Jorge 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the first economic valuation of four environmental attributes of the Yanachaga–Chemillén National Park (PNYCH – Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén) in Peru.

Design/methodology/approach
This study included households in three cities adjacent to the PNYCH and assessed the willingness to pay (WTP) for preservation efforts of these natural services to avoid the predicted loss in forest area by 2030 (currently 143,425 hectares per year).

Findings
The results showed that the average WTP was US$0.695 (2.3197 soles) per household annually. Added to all households in Peru (9 million), this is equivalent to approximately 6.255 million dollars annually.

Practical implications
The economic valuation of these attributes is complementary to the contingent valuation and can have a significant impact, as this data influences decision-making and public policies focused on conserving forests and biodiversity.

Social implications
Upon using the choice experiment (CE) model, the attributes that have the most significant impact on inhabitants’ well-being were economic benefits. The flora and fauna coverage attributes were beneficial for the inhabitants of the place because they valued the proposed recovery and conservation program in a positive and differential way.

Originality/value
From the collection of valuable economic data, the novelty lies in using the CE method, which has not yet been applied in valuations of natural ecosystem services in Peru.
Type IV pili are widespread among non‐pathogenic Gram‐positive gut bacteria with diverse carbohydrate utilization patterns
Authors: Rozman Vita , Accetto Tomaž , Duncan Sylvia H. , Flint Harry J. , Vodovnik Maša 
Published: December 2020

SummaryType IV pili (T4P) are bacterial surface‐exposed appendages that have been extensively studied in Gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria. Despite recent sequencing efforts, little is known regarding these structures in non‐pathogenic anaerobic Gram‐positive species, particularly commensals of the mammalian gut. Early studies revealed that T4P in two ruminal Gram‐positive species are associated with growth on cellulose, suggesting possible associations of T4P with substrate utilization patterns. In the present study, genome sequences of 118 taxonomically diverse, mainly Gram‐positive, bacterial strains isolated from anaerobic (gastrointestinal) environments, have been analysed. The genes likely to be associated with T4P biogenesis were analysed and grouped according to T4P genetic organization. In parallel, consortia of Carbohydrate Active enZYmes (CAZymes) were also analysed and used to predict carbohydrate utilization abilities of selected strains. The predictive power of this approach was additionally confirmed by experimental assessment of substrate‐related growth patterns of selected strains. Our analysis revealed that T4P systems with diverse genetic organization are widespread among Gram‐positive anaerobic non‐pathogenic bacteria isolated from different environments, belonging to two phylogenetically distantly related phyla: Firmicutes and Actinobacteria.
Fava bean (Vicia faba L.) for food applications: From seed to ingredient processing and its effect on functional properties, antinutritional factors, flavor, and color
Authors: Sharan Siddharth , Zanghelini Gabriela , Zotzel Jens , Bonerz Daniel , Aschoff Julian , Saint‐Eve Anne , Maillard Marie‐Noëlle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe food industry, along with the consumers, is interested in plant‐based diet because of its health benefits and environmental sustainability. Vicia faba L. (V. faba) is a promising source of pulse proteins for the human diet and can yield potential nutritional and functional ingredients, namely, flours, concentrates, and isolates, which are relevant for industrial food applications. Different processes produce and functionalize V. faba ingredients relevant for industrial food applications, along with various alternatives within each unit operation used in their production. Processing modifies functional properties of the ingredients, which can occur by (i) changing in overall nutritional composition after processing steps and/or (ii) modifying the structure and conformation of protein and of other components present in the ingredients. Furthermore, V. faba limitations due to off‐flavor, color, and antinutritional factors are influenced by ingredient production and processing that play a significant role in their consumer acceptability in foods. This review attempts to elucidate the influence of different ways of processing on the functional, sensory, and safety aspects of V. faba L. ingredients, highlighting the need for further research to better understand how the food industry could improve their utilization in the market.
Combined rotational and capillary rheomtery to determine slip coefficients and other rheological properties of orange pulp
Authors: Payne Elyse M. , Reyes‐De‐Corcuera José I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe characterization of the rheological properties of orange pulp under typical processing temperatures is needed for the design and optimization of orange pulp processing systems. The flow of orange pulp produced slip at shear rates at ∼1 to 5 s−1. Rotational rheometry revealed that the flow behavior of orange pulp before slip occurrence followed the Power Law model for concentrations of ∼500 to 800 g/L at 4 to 80 °C. The consistency coefficient (K) ranged from 33 to 234 Pa·sn and the flow behavior index n ranged from 0.18 to 0.24. Both, K and n decreased with temperature. While K fitted well an Arrhenius‐like model, n best fitted a linear model. As concentration increased K increased linearly, while n was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected. The flow without slip was calculated using the Power Law parameters from rotational rheometry and the wall shear stress (σw) from capillary rheometry for the experimental flow rates. This allowed calculating the corrected slip coefficient βc and obviated the need for pipes with multiple diameters. βc decreased by one order of magnitude when temperature increased from 4 to 50 °C when σw was 0.1 kPa. The effect was exacerbated with increased flow rate. Similarly, βc increased by about one order of magnitude when pulp concentration increased from ∼550 to 850 g/L at 80 °C. The increase in βc with temperature indicated that the effect of temperature in the consistency of the bulk was different from its effect on the consistency of the liquid phase near the pipe wall.Practical ApplicationDesign and optimization of processes equipment and industrial handling systems of orange pulp require detailed knowledge of their rheological (flow) properties. Citrus pulp like fruit pastes and purees produce less friction than one would anticipate when they flow because the liquid fraction acts as a lubricant. This study presents an original method for such characterization and shows that wall slip is greatly affected by temperature and concentration.
Inherited bleeding disorders in oral procedures. Assessment of prophylactic and therapeutic protocols: a scoping review
Authors: de Azevedo Kinalski Mateus , Sarkis‐Onofre Rafael , dos Santos Mateus Bertolini Fernandes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis scoping review aimed to map available evidence regarding minor/major oral procedures in patients with inherited bleeding disorders (IBDs).MethodsStudies in medicine or dentistry that reported minor and major oral procedures in individuals presenting IBDs (e.g. haemophilia A or B, von Willebrand disease) were selected. Search and screening were performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library by two independent researchers.ResultsInitial search yielded 4152 citations, of which 257 were included in the final analysis. Most of the evidence for prophylaxis use was derived from observational studies and the most‐commonly reported prophylactic protocols were fresh frozen plasma and factor VIII concentrate. A considerable number of studies reported postoperative complications and hospitalizations.ConclusionThe present study identified that (1) there is room for new studies to assess the use of antifibrinolytic agents with no factor replacement; (2) to date, the use of factor replacement therapy is the most indicated approach when treating patients with IBDs with adjunct systemic or local antifibrinolytic agents to reduce post‐operative complications; and (3) there is a critical need for high‐quality evidence studies since much of the conclusions of the included studies are not supported by statistical analysis.
Development of a Toolkit to support sustainable culture change in residential aged care
Authors: Etherton‐Beer Christopher , Horner Barbara , Venturato Lorraine , Saunders Rosemary , Flicker Leon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and evaluate a Toolkit to support implementation of the Towards Organisational Culture Change (TOrCCh) intervention, with minimal external facilitation, in aged care facilities, to implement long‐lasting organisational change.MethodsEight residential aged care facilities across two Australian states participated. A Toolkit was drafted iteratively, engaging staff from participating sites and a reference group. Participating facilities undertook two change projects utilising the Toolkit. Qualitative data were collected from site project sponsors, work teams and other care staff, and analysed thematically.ResultsThe intervention was perceived to provide a generic approach that could be applied to solve agreed challenges in the workplace generating useful outcomes including staff development, increased communication, teamwork and leadership. The role of a project sponsor, and organisational support, was perceived as important for sustainability.ConclusionAged care facility staff teams report they can work together effectively for sustainable improvements when provided with a Toolkit.
How War Changes Land: Soil Fertility, Unexploded Bombs, and the Underdevelopment of Cambodia
Authors: Lin Erin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHow does past political violence impact subsequent development and practices, long beyond the life of the regime that perpetrated violence? Prior research focuses on physical destruction without much attention to weapons left behind in conflict zones. I contend that unexploded ordnance create direct and imminent threats to rural livelihoods. Individuals respond by shortening time horizons and avoiding investment in activities for which there is an immediate security cost but a distant return. Short‐term adjustments in agricultural methods accumulate to long‐term underdevelopment and poverty. In Cambodia, I find that the historic bombing of high‐fertility land, where impact fuses hit soft ground and were more likely to fail, reduces contemporary household production and welfare. Counterintuitively, the most fertile land becomes the least productive. This reversal of fortune qualifies the presumption that post‐war economies will eventually converge back to steady‐state growth.
The association between post‐dural puncture headache and needle type during spinal anaesthesia: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Maranhao B. , Liu M. , Palanisamy A. , Monks D. T. , Singh P. M. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryPost‐dural puncture headache is one of the most undesirable complications of spinal anaesthesia. Previous pairwise meta‐analyses have either compared groups of needles or ranked individual needles based on the pooled incidence of post‐dural puncture headache. These analyses have suggested both the gauge and needle tip design as risk‐factors, but failed to provide an unbiased comparison of individual needles. This network meta‐analysis compared the odds of post‐dural puncture headache with needles of varying gauge and tip design. We searched randomised controlled trials in medical databases. The primary outcome measure of the network meta‐analysis was the incidence of post‐dural puncture headache. Secondary outcomes were procedural failure, backache and non‐specific headache. Overall, we compared 11 different needles in 61 randomised controlled trials including a total of 14,961 participants. The probability of post‐dural puncture headache and procedural failure was lowest with 26‐G atraumatic needles. The 29‐G cutting needle was more likely than three atraumatic needles to have the lowest odds of post‐dural puncture headache, although with increased risk of procedural failure. The probability rankings were: 26 atraumatic > 27 atraumatic > 29 cutting > 24 atraumatic > 22 atraumatic > 25 atraumatic > 23 cutting > 22 cutting > 25 cutting > 27 cutting = 26 cutting for post‐dural puncture headache; and 26 atraumatic > 25 cutting > 22 cutting > 24 atraumatic > 22 atraumatic > 25 atraumatic > 26 cutting > 29 cutting > 27 atraumatic = 27 cutting for procedural success. Meta‐regression by type of surgical population (obstetric/non‐obstetric) and participant position (sitting/lateral) did not alter these rank orders. This analysis provides an unbiased comparison of individual needles that does not support the use of simple rules when selecting the optimal needle. The 26‐G atraumatic needle is most likely to enable successful insertion while avoiding post‐dural puncture headache but, where this is not available, our probability rankings can help clinicians select the best of available options.