bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le nouveau code de procédure pénale en Côte d’ivoire
Authors: Tiehi Judicaël Elisée 
Published: September 2020

Le nouveau code de procédure pénale en Côte d’ivoire
Longtemps critiqué pour son système pénal jugé suranné, l’Etat de Côte d’ivoire a fait le choix de se doter d’un nouveau de procédure pénale dans le sillage de sa politique de réforme juridique et institutionnel et de modernisation de son système judiciaire. Adopté par la loi n° 2018-975 du 27 décembre 2018 en vue de le conformer aux standards juridiques nationaux (la Constitution de 2016) et internationaux, ce nouveau code à l’architecture profondément restructurée consacre des avancées majeures en matière de protection des droits de l’homme dont l’une des plus emblématique reste la codification inédite de principes directeurs irradiant les différentes phases de la procédure pénale. Ces innovations, matérialisées par la consécration de mécanismes procéduraux révolutionnaires ainsi que par la création des institutions pénales nouvelles, constituent un tremplin vers la consolidation de l’Etat de droit dans le cadre duquel les attributs d’indépendance, d’impartialité et d’équité procédurale occuperont une place de choix.---Long criticized for his outdated criminal system, State of Côte d’ivoire has established a new criminal procedure code in the wake of its legal and institutional policy reform and modernization of its judicial system. Adopted by law n° 2018-975 on 27 December 2018 in order to comply it with national (constitutional provisions of 2016) and international legal standards, this new code with its profoundly restructured architecture enshrines major advances in relation to human rights protection, one of the most emblematic of which is the codification of guiding principles covering of various stages of criminal procedure. These innovations, embodied in setting of revolutionary procedural mechanisms and creation of new penal institutions are springboards towards the development Rule of law in which attributes of independence, impartiality and procedural equity will occupy a prominent place.
Store sprik
Authors: Fuglseth Kåre , Kansgar Straum Olav 
Published: September 2020

Artikkelen presenterer resultat frå ei gransking av modulen religion, livssyn og etikk i den nye, norske femårige grunnskulelærarutdanninga frå 2017. Modulen er fastlagt i forskrifta for utdanninga og er obligatorisk for alle studentar. Undersøkinga byggjer først og fremst på materiale frå emne- og studieplanar, og viser store sprik mellom dei tolv lærarutdannings-institusjonane i den lokale implementeringa av dei nasjonale retningslinene for modulen når det gjeld organisering og innhald. Det var djupe faglege og politiske stridar kring innføringa av faget, noko som kan forklare dei skilnadene vi har i dag. Formuleringa i forskrifta om ein «integrert modul» har vore gjenstand for vide tolkingar. På bakgrunn av dei publiserte planane vurderer vi det slik at mange lærarstudentar ikkje vil få den utdanninga som forskrifta legg opp til, og at nokre institusjonar kan seiast å bryte med henne.
Nøkkelord: Femårig grunnskulelærerutdanning, lærerutdanning, lærerprofesjon, RLE, religion, livssyn og etikk, PEL-faget, mangfaldskompetanse
Brachypodium BdABCG25 is a homolog of Arabidopsis AtABCG25 involved in the transport of abscisic acid
Authors: Kuromori Takashi , Sugimoto Eriko , Shinozaki Kazuo 
Published: September 2020

Abscisic acid (ABA), a stress hormone produced by plants to cope with various environmental stresses, has potential as a mobile molecule. Recently, several types of ABA transporters have been described. We previously found a membrane transporter, AtABCG25, that is involved in intercellular ABA transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, it is not yet known whether there are any homologs of AtABCG25 in different plant species. Here, we identified a homolog of AtABCG25 in Brachypodium distachyon, named BdABCG25, and characterized its function. We examined the ABA transport activity of BdABCG25 and the physiological properties of BdABCG25 expression in Arabidopsis. The results suggest that BdABCG25 is a putative functional homolog of AtABCG25. Regulating intercellular ABA transport may be a novel strategy for breeding stress‐tolerant monocot crops.
The attachment of a DNA‐binding Sso7d‐like protein improves processivity and resistance to inhibitors of M‐MuLV reverse transcriptase
Authors: Oscorbin Igor P. , Wong Pei Fong , Boyarskikh Ulyana A. , Khrapov Evgeny A. , Filipenko Maksim L. 
Published: September 2020

Reverse transcriptases (RTs) are a standard tool in both fundamental studies and diagnostics. RTs should possess elevated temperature optimum, high thermal stability, processivity and tolerance to contaminants. Here, we constructed a set of chimeric RTs, based on the combination of the Moloney murine leukaemia virus (M‐MuLV) RT and either of two DNA‐binding domains: the DNA‐binding domain of the DNA ligase from Pyrococcus abyssi or the DNA‐binding Sto7d protein from Sulfolobus tokodaii. The processivity and efficiency of cDNA synthesis of the chimeric RT with Sto7d at the C‐end are increased several fold. The attachment of Sto7d enhances the tolerance of M‐MuLV RT to the most common amplification inhibitors: NaCl, urea, guanidinium chloride, formamide, components of human whole blood and human blood plasma. Thus, fusing M‐MuLV RT with an additional domain results in more robust and efficient RTs.
Rigidity and Polymerization Amplified Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Polymers for Constructing Red and Single‐Emissive‐Layer White OLEDs
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Kuofei , Yao Bing , Chen Yuannan , Zhan Hongmei , Xie Zhiyuan , Xie Guohua , Yi Xiaohu , Cheng Yanxiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolymerization could be a feasible method to overcome the rigid structure induced self‐quenching effect in conventional thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. Despite steady progress in TADF polymer research, developing an efficient red TADF polymer still remains a great challenge because of the large non‐radiative internal conversion rate governed by the energy gap law. Herein, a novel strategy for constructing a red TADF conjugated polymer is presented by means of embedding quinoxaline‐6,7‐dicarbonitrile (QC) as an acceptor into a polycarbazole (PCz) backbone and attaching donor 9,10‐dihydroacridine (A) as a pendant. The obtained polymers PCzAQCx with the appropriate molar content of the AQC unit (x≥ 0.5) exhibit efficient TADF features with a dominant emissive peak at 627−661 nm and a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 76% in neat film. The non‐doped electroluminescent devices with the polymers produce red emissions with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 12.5% and the emission peak at 620 nm, which represents state‐of‐the‐art performance for solution‐processed devices based on red TADF polymers. Furthermore, combined with a blue TADF emitter, the bright white devices with tunable spectra cover the whole visible–near infrared range from 400 to 900 nm and a record‐high EQE of up to 22.4% is achievable.
Recent Advances on Neuromorphic Devices Based on Chalcogenide Phase‐Change Materials
Authors: Xu Ming , Mai Xianliang , Lin Jun , Zhang Wei , Li Yi , He Yuhui , Tong Hao , Hou Xiang , Zhou Peng , Miao Xiangshui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTraditional von Neumann computing architecture with separated computation and storage units has already impeded the data processing performance and energy efficiency, calling for emerging neuromorphic electronic and optical devices and systems which can mimic the human brain to shift this paradigm. Material‐level innovation has become the key component to this revolution of information technology. Chalcogenide phase‐change material (PCM) as a well‐acknowledged data‐storage medium is a promising candidate to tackle this challenge. In this review, the use of PCMs to implement artificial neurons and synapses from both the electronic and optical respects is discussed, and in particular, the structure–property physics and transition dynamics that enable such brain‐inspired and in‐memory computing applications are emphasized. Recent advances on the atomic‐level amorphous and crystalline structures, transition mechanisms, materials optimization and design, neural and synaptic devices, brain‐inspired chips, and computing systems, as well as the future opportunities of PCMs, are summarized and discussed.
Gelatin Methacryloyl‐Based Tactile Sensors for Medical Wearables
Authors: Li Zhikang , Zhang Shiming , Chen Yihang , Ling Haonan , Zhao Libo , Luo Guoxi , Wang Xiaochen , Hartel Martin C. , Liu Hao , Xue Yumeng , Haghniaz Reihaneh , Lee KangJu , Sun Wujin , Kim HanJun , Lee Junmin , Zhao Yichao , Zhao Yepin , Emaminejad Sam , Ahadian Samad , Ashammakhi Nureddin , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Jiang Zhuangde , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is a widely used hydrogel with skin‐derived gelatin acting as the main constituent. However, GelMA has not been used in the development of wearable biosensors, which are emerging devices that enable personalized healthcare monitoring. This work highlights the potential of GelMA for wearable biosensing applications by demonstrating a fully solution‐processable and transparent capacitive tactile sensor with microstructured GelMA as the core dielectric layer. A robust chemical bonding and a reliable encapsulation approach are introduced to overcome detachment and water‐evaporation issues in hydrogel biosensors. The resultant GelMA tactile sensor shows a high‐pressure sensitivity of 0.19 kPa−1 and one order of magnitude lower limit of detection (0.1 Pa) compared to previous hydrogel pressure sensors owing to its excellent mechanical and electrical properties (dielectric constant). Furthermore, it shows durability up to 3000 test cycles because of tough chemical bonding, and long‐term stability of 3 days due to the inclusion of an encapsulation layer, which prevents water evaporation (80% water content). Successful monitoring of various human physiological and motion signals demonstrates the potential of these GelMA tactile sensors for wearable biosensing applications.
Heterostructure Design in Bimetallic Phthalocyanine Boosts Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity and Durability
Authors: Ma Yao , Li Jiantao , Liao Xiaobin , Luo Wen , Huang Wenzhong , Meng Jiashen , Chen Qiang , Xi Shibo , Yu Ruohan , Zhao Yan , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIron phthalocyanine (FePc) has inspired substantial interest in the context of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) owing to its prominent catalytic activity in alkaline media; however, its poor stability significantly hinders its practical applications. Heterostructures with a strong coupling effect between different components have considerable potential to promote the activity and stability simultaneously. Hence, a heterostructured bimetallic phthalocyanine (FePc/CoPc HS) catalyst with heterogeneous distribution of metallic elements is designed. Compared with FePc, FePc/CoPc HS demonstrates higher kinetic current density (increased by >100%) and more robust durability (enhanced by 20.5%) for the ORR. In addition, a Zn–air battery with FePc/CoPc HS as the cathode catalyst achieves high power density (128 mW cm−2) and high open‐circuit voltage (1.67 V). X‐ray absorption fine structure and theoretical calculations reveal that the heterostructure design induced elongates the FeN bond length, and augments electron density around the Fe active sites, and reduced highest‐occupied molecular orbital and lowest‐unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap are responsible for the boosted ORR performance. This work enriches the understanding of electronic structure modulation of heterostructured bimetallic phthalocyanine based ORR electrocatalysts.
High‐Throughput Magnetic Actuation Platform for Evaluating the Effect of Mechanical Force on 3D Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Enríquez Ángel , Libring Sarah , Field Tyler C. , Jimenez Julian , Lee Taeksang , Park Hyunsu , Satoski Douglas , Wendt Michael K. , Calve Sarah , Tepole Adrian Buganza , Solorio Luis , Lee Hyowon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAccurately replicating and analyzing cellular responses to mechanical cues is vital for exploring metastatic disease progression. However, many of the existing in vitro platforms for applying mechanical stimulation seed cells on synthetic substrates. To better recapitulate physiological conditions, a novel actuating platform is developed with the ability to apply tensile strain on cells at various amplitudes and frequencies in a high‐throughput multi‐well culture plate using a physiologically relevant substrate. Suspending fibrillar fibronectin across the body of the magnetic actuator provides a matrix representative of early metastasis for 3D cell culture that is not reliant on a synthetic substrate. This platform enables the culturing and analysis of various cell types in an environment that mimics the dynamic stretching of lung tissue during normal respiration. Metabolic activity, YAP activation, and morphology of breast cancer cells are analyzed within one week of cyclic stretching or static culture. Further, matrix degradation is significantly reduced in breast cancer cell lines with metastatic potential after actuation. These new findings demonstrate a clear suppressive cellular response due to cyclic stretching that has implications for a mechanical role in the dormancy and reactivation of disseminated breast cancer cells to macrometastases.
Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity in GaSe and InSe Nanosheets: The Role of Surface Oxides
Authors: D'Olimpio Gianluca , Nappini Silvia , Vorokhta Mykhailo , Lozzi Luca , Genuzio Francesca , Menteş Tevfik Onur , Paolucci Valentina , Gürbulak Bekir , Duman Songül , Ottaviano Luca , Locatelli Andrea , Bondino Federica , Boukhvalov Danil W. , Politano Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGallium selenide (GaSe) is a van der Waals semiconductor widely used for optoelectronic devices, whose performances are dictated by bulk properties, including band‐gap energy. However, recent experimental observations that the exfoliation of GaSe into atomically thin layers enhances performances in electrochemistry and photocatalysis have opened new avenues for its applications in the fields of energy and catalysis. Here, it is demonstrated by surface‐science experiments and density functional theory (DFT) that the oxidation of GaSe into Ga2O3, driven by Se vacancies and edge sites created in the exfoliation process, plays a pivotal role in catalytic processes. Specifically, both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are energetically unfavorable in pristine GaSe, due to energy barriers of 1.9 and 5.7–7.4 eV, respectively. On the contrary, energy barriers are reduced concurrently with surface oxidation. Especially, the Heyrovsky step (Hads + H+ + e− → H2) of HER becomes energetically favorable only in sub‐stoichiometric Ga2O2.97(−0.3 eV/H+). It is also discovered that the same mechanisms occur for the case of the parental compound indium selenide (InSe), thus ensuring the validity of the model for the broad class of III‐VI layered semiconductors.
Recent Advances in Hybridization, Doping, and Functionalization of 2D Xenes
Authors: Zhang Lei , Gong Tian , Yu Zhiqiang , Dai Huan , Yang Zhenjingfeng , Chen Ganlin , Li Jinhua , Pan Ruikun , Wang Huide , Guo Zhinan , Zhang Han , Fu Xiao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe emerging monoelemental 2D materials named as Xenes including borophene, silicene, germanene, stanene, phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, bisthumene, selenene, and tellurene, have attracted rising attention experimentally and theoretically. Because of their excellent and versatile physical, chemical, electrical, and optical advantages, Xenes have been shown or have been predicted to have excellent performance in nanotechnology applications, addressing challenges and advances in electronics, energy, healthcare, and environment. In this review, the basic fundamentals in the classification of the periodic table group and the synthesis methods for the emerging materials are summarized. Then, the hybridization, doping and functionalization of 2D Xenes, and their corresponding applications are presented. Furthermore, a summary of research progress on 2D Xenes and the challenges and perspectives for their further development are discussed.
Direct Ink Writing of a Light‐Responsive Underwater Liquid Crystal Actuator with Atypical Temperature‐Dependent Shape Changes
Authors: del Pozo Marc , Liu Li , Pilz da Cunha Marina , Broer Dirk J. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn recent years, light‐responsive liquid crystal (LC) polymers have been studied as promising materials for the fabrication of untethered soft actuators. The underwater behavior of these advanced materials has, however, been rarely investigated. This paper reports on the fabrication of light‐responsive amphibious LC‐actuators via direct ink writing (DIW). The actuators present two underwater deformation modes triggered by different stimuli. Temperature induces contraction/expansion and light induces bending/unbending. Unexpectedly, temperature can regulate the bending directionality, giving the material additional versatility to its deformation modes. These findings serve as a toolbox for the fabrication of light‐responsive actuators via DIW that operate in air and underwater.
Solid–Liquid Composites for Soft Multifunctional Materials
Authors: Style Robert W. , Tutika Ravi , Kim Jin Young , Bartlett Michael D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoft materials with a liquid component are an emerging paradigm in materials design. The incorporation of a liquid phase, such as water, liquid metals, or complex fluids, into solid materials imparts unique properties and characteristics that emerge as a result of the dramatically different properties of the liquid and solid. Especially in recent years, this has led to the development and study of a range of novel materials with new functional responses, with applications in topics including soft electronics, soft robotics, 3D printing, wet granular systems and even in cell biology. Here a review of solid–liquid composites, broadly defined as a material system with at least one, phase‐separated liquid component, is provided and discussed their morphology and fabrication approaches, their emergent mechanical properties and functional response, and the broad range of their applications.
A Self‐Healing Amalgam Interface in Metal Batteries
Authors: Fan Ye , Tao Tao , Gao Yuxuan , Deng Chao , Yu Baozhi , Chen Ying (Ian) , Lu Shengguo , Huang Shaoming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPoor cyclability and safety concerns caused by the uncontrollable dendrite growth and large interfacial resistance severely restrict the practical applications of metal batteries. Herein, a facile, universal strategy to fabricate ceramic and glass phase compatible, and self‐healing metal anodes is proposed. Various amalgam‐metal anodes (Li, Na, Zn, Al, and Mg) show a long cycle life in symmetric cells. It has been found that liquid Li amalgam shows a complete wetting with the surface of lanthanum lithium titanate electrolyte and a glass‐phase solid‐state electrolyte. The interfacial compatibility between the lithium metal anode and solid‐state electrolyte is dramatically improved by using an in situ regenerated amalgam interface with high electron/ion dual‐conductivity, obviously decreasing the anode/electrolyte interfacial impedance. The lithium‐amalgam interface between the metal anode and electrolyte undergoes a reversible isothermal phase transition between solid and liquid during the cycling process at room temperature, resulting in a self‐healing surface of metal anodes.
Hot Embossing Process Technology Forming Arbitrary Patterns in Real Time
Authors: Kim Myeongjin , Ahn Jaewon , Kim Donghyun , Bae Junseong , Yun Dongwon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the development of mobile sensors and biosensors, an ultrafine process technology that can generate ultrafine patterns and has mass production capability has garnered attention recently. Unlike the existing hot embossing techniques, the impact print‐type hot embossing process can generate a microscale pattern that has arbitrary pattern width and depth on a polymer film in real time using a single impact header. For this reason, this process can be applied to various industrial fields that require ultrafine patterns. However, it cannot create intricate patterns due to the limitations of the two‐axis stage control system. Furthermore, its application to a mass production that requires pattern repetition is limited because of the single header system. In this paper, a three‐axis impact print‐type hot embossing system using a multiheader and two algorithms, the impacting coordinate‐based data extraction algorithm and independent driving algorithm, to overcome the limitations of previous systems is proposed. Thanks to the multiheader and control algorithm, this process can generate repetitive patterns in real time, and it can adjust the pattern resolution by controlling the pattern extraction interval. The proposed method is thus expected to be widely applicable to industrial fields that require microscale user‐defined patterns such as mobile sensors and biosensors.
Next‐Generation Organic Photonics: The Emergence of Flexible Crystal Optical Waveguides
Authors: Annadhasan Mari , Basak Supratim , Chandrasekhar Naisa , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrganic crystals possessing both flexibility and light‐guiding properties are attractive candidates for spatial control of the light output for next‐generation technological applications, namely photonic devices and circuits, optoelectronic devices, optical sensors, and so on. Most of the organic crystals are inclined to break or crack under external stress limiting their usage in many device applications. However, some molecular crystals are bizarrely flexible due to the presence of unusual molecular packing and weak intermolecular interactions. This comprehensive review summarizes these remarkably flexible organic crystal waveguides reported to date. The summary also includes i) naturally bent active/passive crystal waveguides, ii) various external factors (mechanical, chemical, light) which trigger bending of macrocrystals, iii) a comparison between the crystal structure of both linear and bent waveguides, and the use of crystal engineering strategies in designing flexible waveguides, iv) advent of micromechanical manipulation technique based on atomic force microscopy to effectively modify the geometry and position crystals as small as <2 µm, v) some promising next‐generation devices made from flexible crystals such as organic field‐effective waveguides, wavelength division multiplexing, polarization rotors, and optical directional couplers, and vi) future outlook and opportunities of this growing research field.