bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well‐Being Therapy as Rehabilitation Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Radstaak Mirjam , Hüning Laura , Bohlmeijer Ernst T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) continue to have substantial residual symptoms after completing psychological treatment. Well‐being therapy (WBT) has been developed to treat the residual phase of mental disorders, prevent relapse, and promote a full recovery. The present study aimed to compare treatment as usual (TAU) with the long‐term effects of WBT as a rehabilitation therapy in adults who successfully completed psychological treatment for PTSD. Participants who did not meet PTSD diagnostic criteria after completing treatment were randomized to WBT (n = 29) or TAU (n = 35) groups. Assessments of well‐being, residual PTSD symptoms, and posttraumatic growth were conducted at baseline (T0) and again after 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2), and 1 year (T3). The results of the multilevel analysis revealed that WBT was not more effective than TAU in increasing levels of well‐being, γ = 0.02 (SE = 0.11) or posttraumatic growth, γ = 0.10 (SE = 0.13) nor in decreasing PTSD symptoms, γ = −0.04 (SE = 0.05). However, for participants with low levels of well‐being at baseline (Mental Health Continuum‐Short Form score < 2.6), WBT was more effective than TAU in increasing ratings of well‐being, γ = −0.41 (SE = 0.19) and posttraumatic growth, γ = −0.55 (SE = 0.24); this effect was most evident at T3 for posttraumatic growth, d = 1.23. Future research should assess clinically relevant individual characteristics that to optimize the effectiveness and utility of WBT.
Land Cover Switching in Autumn by Female Mallards in Ohio
Authors: Shirkey Brendan T. , Palumbo Matthew D. , Simpson John W. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTAutumn waterfowl habitat management often focuses on providing high energy food resources to attract and concentrate waterfowl for harvest. Similarly, many waterfowl conservation plans assume food resources are the primary, controllable limiting factor influencing waterfowl distribution during migration; however, hunting‐related disturbance also influences waterfowl distribution in autumn. We investigated factors influencing mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) movements in an intensively hunted and food‐rich landscape in Ohio, USA, during autumn of 2015 and 2016. We used locations from female mallards equipped with global positioning system (GPS) back‐pack‐transmitters to determine the probability of mallards switching land cover types based on seasonal and daily patterns of hunting disturbance and to determine the distances mallards moved between cover types that offer refuge and those that offer food resources as evidence for or against food resource depletion during the hunting season. Mallards switched cover types to exploit food‐rich but intensively hunted locations nocturnally and cover type switching during times subject to disturbance increased significantly from the early segment to the late segment of hunting season. Distances mallards moved between refuge cover types and food‐rich cover types did not change over the duration of the study. Hunting disturbance is a key variable influencing autumn movements and distribution of mallards, and mallards in a food‐rich and intensively hunted landscape likely employ nocturnal foraging as a strategy to survive autumn migration. Nocturnal foraging behavior has consequences for waterfowl managers tasked with providing quality waterfowl hunting opportunities because ducks that forage only at night are largely unavailable to hunters. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Auricular avulsion injuries and reattachment techniques: A systematic review
Authors: Gailey Andrew D. , Farquhar Douglas , Clark Joseph Madison , Shockley William W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective(s)Multiple surgical techniques exist in the acute management of auricular avulsion injuries, including reattachment of the tissue as a composite graft, reconstruction using local skin flaps, the pocket principle, the Baudet method, and microvascular repair. This review aimed to compare the success rates of reattachment methods in auricular avulsion injuries.MethodsA PubMed search systematically identified cases in which (a) an auricular avulsion injury occurred and (b) reattachment was attempted. Search results were combined with an extensive review of references from published studies. In total, 148 cases were identified. Three reviewers independently graded the final aesthetic result of each case using a 5‐point scale. The average grade of each repair was compared to the reattachment method to identify successful techniques.ResultsMicrovascular repair was associated with a statistically significant higher success rate compared to all other reattachment methods. Composite graft reattachment also tended to generate better final aesthetic outcomes, but this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionMicrovascular repair of the avulsed segment consistently demonstrated higher success rates. Composite graft reattachment should also be considered under the right circumstances. Overall, microvascular repair and composite graft reattachment should be considered the best options in cases of auricular avulsion repair. The authors share a major concern that other methods that rely on the use of periauricular skin will compromise any future attempts for secondary reconstruction, such as staged procedures using costal cartilage grafts. Manipulation of these tissues and in particular burying of the avulsed ear cartilage is discouraged.Level of Evidence4
Thio‐Bromo “Click” Reaction Derived Polymer–Peptide Conjugates for Their Self‐Assembled Fibrillar Nanostructures
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Hause Gerd , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe synthesis and self‐assembly of peptide–polymer conjugates into fibrillar nanostructures are reported, based on the amyloidogenic peptide KLVFF. A strategy for rational synthesis of polymer–peptide conjugates is documented via tethering of the amyloidogenic peptide segment LVFF (Aβ17‐20) and its modified derivative FFFF to the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (mPEG) polymer via thio‐bromo based “click” chemistry. The resultant conjugates mPEG‐LVFF‐OMe and mPEG‐FFFF‐OMe are purified via preparative gel permeation chromatography technique (with a yield of 61% and 64%, respectively), and are successfully characterized via combination of spectroscopic and chromatographic methods, including electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The peptide‐guided self‐assembling behavior of the as‐constructed amphiphilic supramolecular materials is further investigated via transmission electron microscopic and circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis, exhibiting fibrillar nanostructure formation in binary aqueous solution mixture.
Synthesis and Characterization of Wide‐Bandgap Conjugated Polymers Consisting of Same Electron Donor and Different Electron‐Deficient Units and Their Application for Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Keshtov Mukhamed L. , Kuklin Serge A. , Konstantinov Igor O. , Khokhlov Alexei R. , Dou Chuandong , Sharma Ganesh D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubstantial development has been made in nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (NFSMAs) that has resulted in a significant increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of nonfullerene‐based polymer solar cells (PSCs). In order to achieve better compatibility with narrow‐bandgap nonfullerene small molecule acceptors, it is important to design the conjugated polymers with a wide bandgap that has suitable molecular orbital energy levels. Here two donor–acceptor (D–A)‐conjugated copolymers are designed and synthesized with the same thienyl‐substituted benzodithiophene and different acceptors, i.e., poly{(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl)‐alt‐(1,3‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐dithieno[3′,2′:3,4;2″,3″:5,6]benzo[1,2‐d]imidazol‐2‐one‐5,8‐diyl)} (DTBIA, P1) and poly{(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl)‐alt‐(2‐(5‐(3‐octyltridecyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)dithieno[3′,2′:3,4;2″,3″:5,6]benzo[1,2‐d]thiazole‐5,8‐diyl)} (TDTBTA, P2) (and their optical and electrochemical properties are investigated). Both P1 and P2 exhibit similar deeper highest occupied molecular orbital energy level and different lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level. Both the copolymers have complementary absorption with a well‐known nonfullerene acceptor ITIC‐F. When blended with a narrow‐bandgap acceptor ITIC‐F, the PSCs based on P1 show a power conversion efficiency of 11.18% with a large open‐circuit voltage of 0.96 V, a Jsc of 16.89 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.69, which is larger than that for P2 counterpart (PCE = 9.32%, Jsc = 15.88 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.91 V, and FF = 0.645). Moreover, the energy losses for the PSCs based on P1 and P2 are 0.54 and 0.59 eV, respectively. Compared to P2, the P1‐based PSCs show high values of incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) in the shorter‐wavelength region (absorption of donor copolymer), more balanced hole and electron mobilities, and favorable phase separation with compact π–π stacking distance.
Highly Stretchable, Fast Self‐Healing, Responsive Conductive Hydrogels for Supercapacitor Electrode and Motion Sensor
Authors: Wei Duanli , Wang Haonan , Zhu Jiaqing , Luo Licheng , Huang Huabo , Li Liang , Yu Xianghua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConductive hydrogels as potential soft materials have attracted tremendous attention in wearable electronic devices. Nonetheless, manufacturing intelligent materials that integrate mouldability, stretchability, responsive ability, fast self‐healing ability, as well as mechanical and electrochemical properties is still a challenge. Here, multifunctional conductive hydrogels composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polypyrrole (PPy) nanotube are prepared using borax as cross‐linker. The existence of multicomplexation, entangled PVA chains, and interconnected PPy nanotubes, as well as extensive hydrogen bonding results in the fabrication of hierarchical network of PVA‐PPy hydrogels. PVA‐PPy hydrogels exhibit high stretchability (more than 1000%), multiresponsiveness, low density (0.95 g cm−3), high water content (96%), and 15 s self‐healing features. Furthermore, the self‐healing supercapacitor electrode and motion sensor based on PVA‐PPy hydrogels demonstrate ideal performances. This facile strategy in this work would be promising to construct an excellent multifunctional soft material for various flexible electrode and biosensor.
Ultrafast photoexcitation dynamics of ZnTe crystals by femtosecond optical pump‐probe and terahertz emission spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Jianrui , Chen Xinzhong , Yao Ziheng , Wu Xincheng , Liu Mengkun , Balakin Alexey V. , Shkurinov Alexander P. , You Guanjun , Zhu Yiming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work we perform ultrafast optical pump‐optical probe (OPOP) and optical pump terahertz (THz) emission (OPTE) studies on the ultrafast excitation dynamics in <110> ZnTe crystals. Ultrafast two‐photon absorption and coherent phonon are revealed in OPOP measurements. Pump‐power‐ and polarization‐dependent phonon dynamics are characterized in time‐resolved transmission, reflection, and Kerr rotation using OPOP. The phonon polariton‐induced THz emission is directly observed in the time domain of OPTE dynamics. It is clear that the transverse optical phonon at ~3.7 THz and phonon polariton at ~2.6 THz are evident in OPOP measurement while OPTE only reveals part of the polariton dynamics.
Technical Note: A deuterated 13C‐urea reference for clinical multiparametric MRI prostate cancer studies including hyperpolarized pyruvate
Authors: Harlan Collin J. , Xu Zhan , Michel Keith A. , Walker Christopher M. , Lokugama Sanjaya D. , Martinez Gary V. , Pagel Mark D. , Bankson James A. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeMetabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using hyperpolarized [1‐13C]‐pyruvate offers unprecedented new insight into disease and response to therapy. 13C‐enriched reference standards are required to enable fast and accurate calibration for 13C studies, but care must be taken to ensure that the reference is compatible with both 13C and 1H acquisitions. The goal of this study was to optimize the composition of a 13C‐urea reference for a dual‐tuned 13C/1H endorectal coil and minimize imaging artifacts in metabolic and multiparametric MRI studies involving hyperpolarized [1‐13C]‐pyruvate.MethodsDue to a high amount of Gd doping for the purpose of reducing the spin‐lattice relaxation time (T1) of urea, the 1H signal produced by a reference of 13C‐urea in normal water was rapidly relaxed, resulting in severe artifacts in heavily T1‐weighted images. Hyperintense ringing artifacts in 1H images were mitigated by reducing the 1H concentration in a 13C‐urea reference via deuteration and lyophilization. Several references were fabricated and their SNR was compared using 1H and 13C imaging sequences on a 3T MRI scanner. Finally, 1H prostate phantom imaging was conducted to compare image quality and 1H signal intensity of normal and deuterated urea references.ResultsThe deuterated 13C‐urea reference provides strong 13C signal for calibration and an attenuated 1H signal that does not interfere with heavily T1‐weighted scans. Deuteration and lyophilization were fundamental to the reduction in 1H signal and hyperintense ringing artifacts. There was a 25‐fold reduction in signal intensity when comparing the nondeuterated reference to the deuterated reference, while the 13C signal was unaffected.ConclusionA deuterated reference reduced hyperintense ringing artifacts in 1H images by reducing the 1H signal produced from the 13C‐urea in the reference. The deuterated reference can be used to improve anatomical image quality in future clinical 1H and hyperpolarized [1‐13C]‐pyruvate MRI prostate imaging studies.
Impact scar frequency, bone density and marrow utility: An experimental study
Authors: Byers David A. , Keith Jonathan P. , Breslawski Ryan P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an experiment designed to evaluate the relationships between impact scar, bone density and the marrow utility of various appendicular elements. Several North American bison assemblages show positive correlations between impact scar frequencies and by‐element marrow utilities. However, this pattern may represent an equifinal relationship between bone density, nutritional utility and processing effort. In our experiment, we test the hypothesis that this pattern is a function of bone density; elements documenting higher frequencies of impacts will be more robust and require more effort to open, without regard for nutritional utility. To do so, we build a device designed to impact and open bison long bones in a controlled manner by dropping a large steel ball onto bison limb bones. Our experiment recorded both the numbers of impacts needed to open the marrow cavities and the associated marrow weights of 274 bison limb elements. Our results indicate that the lowest utility elements require the most effort to open and the high‐utility elements the least. These results suggest that impact frequencies may be read as signalling nutritionally motivated processing efforts.
Higher Urinary Dopamine Concentration is Associated with Greater Ad Libitum Energy Intake in Humans
Authors: Basolo Alessio , Ando Takafumi , Hollstein Tim , Votruba Susanne B. , Krakoff Jonathan , Piaggi Paolo 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the relationship between dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in feeding behavior, and ad libitum energy intake in humans.MethodsHealthy individuals (n = 158; 72 Native American, 50 white, 18 black, and 18 Hispanic participants; BMI: 33 [SD 9] kg/m2; body fat: 33% [SD 9%]) were admitted for two inpatient studies investigating the determinants of ad libitum energy intake and assessed for 3 days using a highly reproducible, computerized vending machine paradigm. Urine was collected for 24 hours during eucaloric conditions prior to the ad libitum feeding period, and urinary dopamine excretion rate was quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsUrinary dopamine excretion rate was on average 346 ± 106 μg over 24 hours and was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.28, P < 0.0001). Higher dopamine concentrations were associated with lower cognitive restraint (ρ = −0.25, P = 0.005) and greater total ad libitum energy intake (r = 0.29, P = 0.0002). However, after adjustment for anthropometrics, in black and white cohorts, higher dopamine concentrations were associated with greater total ad libitum energy intake (r = 0.70, P = 0.001 and r = 0.33, P = 0.02, respectively), whereas no associations were observed in Native American or Hispanic cohorts (all P > 0.3).ConclusionsHigher urinary dopamine concentrations are associated with greater ad libitum energy intake, indicating a role for dopamine in the reward pathway regulating human feeding behavior.
Polymerization Effects on the Decomposition of a Pyrazolo‐Triazine at high Temperatures and Pressures
Authors: Li Yaojiang , Wu Junying , Yang Lijun , Geng Deshen , Sultan Manzoor , Chen Lang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract4‐amino‐3‐aminopyrazole‐8‐trinitropyrazolo‐[5, 1‐c] [1, 2, 4]triazine (PTX, C5H2N8O6) has good detonation performance, thermal stability and low mechanical sensitivity, which endow it with good development prospects in insensitive ammunition applications. To study the effects of polymerization on the decomposition of PTX, the reaction processes of PTX at different conditions were simulated by quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics methods. In this paper, the effects of polymerization on the decomposition of PTX were studied in terms of species information, reaction path of PTX, bond formation and bond cleavage, evolution of small molecules and clusters, and kinetic parameters at different stages. The results show that under the high‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions, the initial reaction path of unimolecular PTX in the thermal decomposition is mainly the cleavage of C−NO2 bonds. At the same time, there are many polymerization reactions in thermal decomposition process, which may greatly affect the reaction rate and path. The higher the degree of polymerization, the larger equilibrium value of potential energy, the less energy release of thermal decomposition. Compared with the activation energy of other explosives, the activation energy of PTX is higher than that of β‐HMX and lower than that of TNT.
Treatment‐related calvarial lesions in pediatric brain tumor survivors
Authors: Wallace David , Taylor Douglas R. , Pan Haitao , Hwang Scott , Lucas John T. , Klimo Paul , Upadhyaya Santhosh A. , Boop Frederick A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite improved survival, many pediatric brain tumor survivors receiving radiation therapy (RT) experience late effects.ProcedureTo study calvarial lesions in this population, we retrospectively reviewed records of patients undergoing neurosurgical evaluation for calvarial bone lesions detected in posttreatment follow‐up imaging at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Primary tumor diagnosis, treatment, imaging, surgical intervention, and histopathology from patients with radiographic evidence of lesions followed for ≥2 years post‐RT were studied.ResultsFor 17 patients with 18 index lesions, median time to lesion manifestation was 2.34 years. Medulloblastoma patients developed lesions at a shorter interval from RT than ependymoma patients (P = .05). Twelve of 14 lesions requiring surgery were benign fibro‐osseous or sclerotic. Two malignant lesions distinct from the primary tumor had genetic predisposition to malignancy.ConclusionMost calvarial lesions arising post‐RT are benign and fibro‐osseous. Serial imaging is recommended, and high index of suspicion for malignant lesions is warranted for patients genetically predisposed to cancer.
A phase 2 study of valproic acid and radiation, followed by maintenance valproic acid and bevacizumab in children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma or high‐grade glioma
Authors: Su Jack Meng‐Fen , Murray Jeffrey C. , McNall‐Knapp Rene Y. , Bowers Daniel C. , Shah Shafqat , Adesina Adekunle M. , Paulino Arnold C. , Jo Eunji , Mo Qianxing , Baxter Patricia A. , Blaney Susan M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo study the efficacy and tolerability of valproic acid (VPA) and radiation, followed by VPA and bevacizumab in children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) or high‐grade glioma (HGG).MethodsChildren 3 to 21 years of age received radiation therapy and VPA at 15 mg/kg/day and dose adjusted to maintain a trough range of 85 to 115 μg/mL. VPA was continued post‐radiation, and bevacizumab was started at 10 mg/kg intravenously biweekly, four weeks after completing radiation therapy.ResultsFrom September 2009 through August 2015, 20 DIPG and 18 HGG patients were enrolled (NCT00879437). During radiation and VPA, grade 3 or higher toxicities requiring discontinuation or modification of VPA dosing included grade 3 thrombocytopenia (1), grade 3 weight gain (1), and grade 3 pancreatitis (1). During VPA and bevacizumab, the most common grade 3 or higher toxicities were grade 3 neutropenia (3), grade 3 thrombocytopenia (3), grade 3 fatigue (3), and grade 3 hypertension (4). Two patients discontinued protocol therapy prior to disease progression (one grade 4 thrombosis and one grade 1 intratumoral hemorrhage). Median event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for DIPG were 7.8 (95% CI 5.6‐8.2) and 10.3 (7.4‐13.4) months, and estimated one‐year EFS was 12% (2%‐31%). Median EFS and OS for HGG were 9.1 (6.4‐11) and 12.1 (10‐22.1) months, and estimated one‐year EFS was 24% (7%‐45%). Four patients with glioblastoma and mismatch‐repair deficiency syndrome had EFS of 28.5, 16.7, 10.4, and 9 months.ConclusionAddition of VPA and bevacizumab to radiation was well tolerated but did not appear to improve EFS or OS in children with DIPG or HGG.
Facile synthesis and characterization of nanocellulose from Zea mays husk
Authors: Onkarappa H. S. , Prakash G. K. , Pujar G. H. , Rajith Kumar C. R. , V Radha , Betageri Virupaxappa S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn present work, agricultural residue Zea mays husk has been converted into cellulose using alkali and bleaching treatment. Further, the cellulose has been converted to nanocellulose through the acid hydrolysis method followed by ultrasonication. The Crystallinity and functional group analysis was studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), respectively. The surface morphological investigation of prepared Zea mays husk nanocellulose was carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM) transmission electron microscope (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The thermal stability was investigated using thermogravimetric and derivative thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). The obtained results revealed semi‐crystallinity nature, good thermal stability, and fibrous nanocellulose nature with agglomeration.