bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Three-arm, Single-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Effects of Notched Music Therapy, Conventional Music Therapy, and Counseling on Tinnitus
Authors: Piromchai Patorn , Srisukhumchai Chompunut , Kasemsiri Pornthep , Vatanasapt Patravoot , Thanawirattananit Panida , Chayaopas Nichtima , Srirompotong Somchai , Yimtae Kwanchanok 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To compare the efficacy of three common interventions for tinnitus patients: notched music therapy, conventional music therapy, and counseling.

Study Design:
Randomized, single-blinded, controlled, three-arm trial.

Method:
This study was conducted from January 2018 to January 2019. Eligible subjects were randomized into three groups. The first group received notched music therapy (n = 25), the second received conventional music therapy (n = 24), and the third received counseling only (n = 26). The three groups did not differ in terms of demographic data including age, sex, tinnitus duration, affected side, hearing level, side of tinnitus, and frequency of tinnitus. The patients were followed up on at month 1, 2, and 3 after initiation of therapy.

Results:
Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores gradually decreased in all groups. The mean differences in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score from baseline for patients who received notched music therapy, conventional music therapy, and counseling only were 20.49, 27.83, and 17.79 points, respectively (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference among the groups (p = 0.246).

Conclusion:
There was no difference between the treatments. The selection of these therapies for tinnitus treatment may depend on the unique needs and proclivities of patients.

Trial registration:
clinicaltrials.in.th/TCTR20180225002.
The Long-Term Stability of the Electrical Stapedial Reflex Threshold
Authors: Pitt Cache , Muñoz Karen , Schwartz Sarah , Kunz John M. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
To 1) describe changes in the electrical stapedial reflex threshold (eSRT), within and across patients over time and 2) to identify the clinical relationship between eSRT and an individual's upper limit of loudness.

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review and analysis using a multilevel modeling approach to describe changes in eSRT over time.

Setting:
Secondary care center.

Patients:
Two-hundred five cochlear implant recipients treated at the cochlear implant center during a 3-year time period.

Intervention(s):
Cochlear implantation, eSRT testing, and, electrical upper limits of loudness.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The eSRT over multiple appointments and the cochlear implant recipients’ final upper limits of loudness.

Results:
Analysis of the eSRT testing indicated stability over time; no global trend was seen in trajectory across the population, b = –0.010, p = 0.899. The relationship between eSRT and user upper limits of loudness revealed a mean decrease of 19.47, units for manufacturer 1, 30.53 units for manufacturer 2, and 0.7 units for manufacturer 3.

Conclusion:
Electrical stapedial reflex thresholds remain consistent for individual subjects over time with implant experience being the only variable correlated with eSRT stability (increase in 5% of one standard deviation with each year of experience). In addition, a clinical relationship between eSRT and behaviorally set upper limits of loudness was identified for all three cochlear implant manufacturers available in the United States.
Effectiveness of Place-based Mapping in Electric-Acoustic Stimulation Devices
Authors: Dillon Margaret T. , Canfarotta Michael W. , Buss Emily , Hopfinger Joseph , O’Connell Brendan P. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The default mapping procedure for electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) devices uses the cochlear implant recipient's unaided detection thresholds in the implanted ear to derive the acoustic settings and assign the lowest frequency filter of electric stimulation. Individual differences for speech recognition with EAS may be due to discrepancies between the electric frequency filters of individual electrode contacts and the cochlear place of stimulation, known as a frequency-to-place mismatch. Frequency-to-place mismatch of greater than 1/2 octave has been demonstrated in up to 60% of EAS users. Aligning the electric frequency filters via a place-based mapping procedure using postoperative imaging may improve speech recognition with EAS.

Methods:
Masked sentence recognition was evaluated for normal-hearing subjects (n = 17) listening with vocoder simulations of EAS, using a place-based map and a default map. Simulation parameters were based on audiometric and imaging data from a representative 24-mm electrode array recipient and EAS user. The place-based map aligned electric frequency filters with the cochlear place frequency, which introduced a gap between the simulated acoustic and electric output. The default map settings were derived from the clinical programming software and provided the full speech frequency range.

Results:
Masked sentence recognition was significantly better for simulated EAS with the place-based map as compared with the default map.

Conclusion:
The simulated EAS place-based map supported better performance than the simulated EAS default map. This indicates that individualizing maps may improve performance in EAS users by helping them achieve better asymptotic performance earlier and mitigate the need for acclimatization.
Considerations for a Revised Adult Cochlear Implant Candidacy Evaluation Protocol
Authors: Biever Allison , Amurao Carly , Mears Megan 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To compare the current metrics used in adult cochlear implant candidacy evaluations for consistency and applicability, and to make a recommendation for an updated assessment battery.

Study Design:
Prospective, multicenter, within-subject clinical trial.

Setting:
North American cochlear implant programs including private practices, universities, and hospital centers.

Patients:
One hundred adult hearing aid users scoring 40% or less on monosyllabic words in quiet in the aided test ear who presented for cochlear implantation evaluation.

Intervention:
Subjects underwent unilateral cochlear implantation.

Main Outcome Measures:
Speech perception measured via Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant words in quiet and AzBio sentences in noise. Patient-reported hearing disability measured via the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale administered preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively.

Results:
Significant group mean improvement on all speech perception measures and SSQ subscales postoperatively with possible floor effects observed in objective background noise testing preoperatively and a broad range of variability seen postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant words are an effective tool to clinically evaluate hearing ability over time. Adjustment of cochlear implant screening protocols to prioritize monosyllabic words over sentences in noise as the chief determining factor appears justified, and this test can be supplemented by the SSQ for a holistic and applicable assessment of cochlear implant candidacy.
Assessment of Frequency-Place Mismatch by Flat-Panel CT and Correlation With Cochlear Implant Performance
Authors: Zanetti Diego , Conte Giorgio , Di Berardino Federica , Lo Russo Francesco , Cavicchiolo Sara , Triulzi Fabio 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To calculate the frequency allocation mismatch in a group of very selected cochlear implant (CI) recipients and to contrast it with the speech perception performances.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional observational prospective study.

Settings:
Tertiary Audiological Department, University hospital.

Patients:
Fifteen adults receiving the same CI array by the same surgeon through a posterior tympanotomy, round window approach.

Main Outcome Measures:
1) High definition flat panel computed tomography (FPCT) control of the intracochlear position of each electrode contact, and computation of the relative frequency allocation mismatch; 2) analysis of speech perception outcomes in relation with the mismatch.

Results:
Despite a consistent and reproducible surgical procedure with the same intracochlear array, significant deviations from the frequency allocation tables (FAT) assigned by default by the manufacturer were observed in this study.
Their influences on speech perception performances were negligible in the simple tasks of words or sentences recognition in quiet (and, to a lesser extent also in noise). The greatest effect of a significant mismatch was observed for the vocal-consonant-vocal (VCV) sequences recognition under noise masking, the emotional and the linguistic prosody recognition, and the phonemes discrimination of the Auditory Speech Sound Evaluation (A§E) test.

Conclusions:
The greatest frequency-to-place occurred at the high frequencies. The effect was rather irrelevant on simple words and sentences recognition, while it negatively impacted on the more complex perceptual tasks
Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct: Hearing Progression and Cochlear Implant Candidacy in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Hodge Sarah E. , Thompson Nicholas J. , Park Lisa R. , Brown Kevin D. 
Published: December 2020

Hypothesis/Objective:
Investigate the rate of hearing loss progression and incidence of cochlear implant candidacy in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA).

Background:
EVA is the most common congenital malformation of the inner ear, is responsible for a large percentage of children with hearing loss, and is associated with hearing loss progression. Rates and degree of progression of hearing loss to cochlear implantation candidacy have not been well described.

Methods:
Review of children with EVA who presented to a single academic medical center. Audiometric data were reviewed to determine subjects who met criteria for cochlear implantation (≥75 dB pure-tone average) at presentation. For those not meeting criteria, serial audiometric data were reviewed for progression to candidacy.

Results:
A total of 257 ears met inclusion criteria. One hundred ninety-two (74.7%) met cochlear implant candidacy criteria by age 12, yet only 117 ears (60.9%) actually received implants before turning 13. One hundred fifty-three ears (59.5%) met implant candidacy criteria at presentation. Nearly 50% of those not initially meeting implantation criteria had a ≥15 dB shift in pure-tone average by age 12, with 37.5% of this subgroup meeting implant candidacy criteria before their teen years at an average age of 7.10 years.

Conclusion:
The majority of children with EVA reach cochlear implant candidacy before reaching adulthood, yet implantation rates for candidate ears remain at 60% and delay in implantation persist. Parents of children with EVA should be counseled on the likelihood of progression and closely monitored for cochlear implant candidacy.
A year with the GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition – does it work for older persons?
Authors: Cederholm Tommy , Barazzoni Rocco 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
In early 2019, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) concept was published advocating a two-step procedure, that is, screening followed by confirmation of the malnutrition diagnosis requiring a combination of phenotypic and etiologic criteria. This review summarizes 14 publications that have applied the GLIM criteria in older populations.

Recent findings
Four studies miss data on muscle mass. The mandatory screening appears missing in some studies. Two studies report that criterion validity is fair to good when compared with Subjective Global Assessment as semigold standard. Most studies report strong predictive validity when mortality is used as outcome. Not unexpectedly malnutrition relates strongly to sarcopenia as low muscle mass is a GLIM criterion. Overall, the lack of guidance on how to assess muscle mass and disease burden/inflammation in the original GLIM publication provides uncertainties on how to interpret the results.

Summary
Fourteen exclusively retrospective studies in older adult cohorts are summarized. In several cases, the data sets are imperfect or incomplete. Still, criterion and predictive validity for GLIM appears well acceptable when applied for older adults. Continuing global implementation efforts are justified. The GLIM consortium needs to provide guidance on assessment of muscle mass and disease burden/inflammation. Moreover, further prospective validation studies are needed to add knowledge for the future GLIM format updates.
Protein intake and renal function in older patients
Authors: Narasaki Yoko , Rhee Connie M. , Kramer Holly , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent in elderly patients. There is growing recognition of the importance of attention to dietary protein intake (DPI) in this population given their predisposition to age-related changes in kidney function and coexisting comorbidities (i.e., hypertension). We reviewed the impact of DPI on kidney health and survival and the role of dietary protein management in older CKD patients.

Recent findings
While kidney function parameters including glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow are slightly lower in elderly patients irrespective of CKD status, the kidneys’ ability to compensate for increased DPI by augmentation of GFR is preserved until 80 years of age or less. However, long-term consumption of high DPI in individuals of older age and/or with CKD may contribute to kidney function deterioration over time. Prescription of a plant-dominant low-protein diet of 0.6–0.8 g/kg/day with more than 50% from plant sources or very low protein diets less than 0.45 g/kg/day supplemented with essential amino acids or their keto-analogues may be effective in preserving kidney function in older patients and their younger counterparts, while also monitoring for development of protein–energy wasting (PEW).

Summary
Using tailored precision nutrition approaches in prescribing plant-dominant low DPI that also maintains adequate energy and nitrogen balance may ameliorate kidney function decline while also preventing development of PEW in elderly patients with CKD.
Therapeutic strategies for sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review
Authors: Poggiogalle Eleonora , Parrinello Edda , Barazzoni Rocco , Busetto Luca , Donini Lorenzo M. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Tough plenty of literature investigated therapeutic options for body composition changes targeting elderly people, evidence concerning potential treatments of sarcopenic obesity as a unique condition is scarce. The aim of the present review was to summarize recent evidence regarding treatment of sarcopenic obesity in adult and older individuals.

Recent findings
Exercise-based interventions were effective in ameliorating lean mass or sarcopenia-related indices and reducing total adiposity. Importantly, in one study, modifications of body composition were obtained in the absence of significant changes in body mass index. The majority of studies relied on resistance training, and all provided with beneficial effects in body composition. Conversely, effects in terms of muscle strength and functional ability were heterogeneous. Electrical acupuncture and whole-body electromyostimulation associated with nutritional supplementation resulted to be novel effective strategies in inducing body composition changes. Nonetheless, findings from nutritional supplementations are not conclusive, leading to conflicting results on strength and functional outcomes.

Summary
Specific interventions could improve sarcopenic obesity, but overall significance is limited by scarcity of data and lack of uniformity in the definition of sarcopenic obesity itself. Further research should clarify optimal treatment options for sarcopenic obesity in age classes other than the geriatric population.
Does Community Outsourcing Improve Timeliness of Care for Veterans With Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
Authors: Kaul Bhavika , Hynes Denise M. , Hickok Alex , Smith Connor , Niederhausen Meike , Totten Annette M. , Whooley Mary A. , Sarmiento Kathleen 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Providing timely access to care has been a long-standing priority for the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Recent strategies to reduce long wait times have focused on purchasing community care by a fee-for-service model. Whether outsourcing Veterans Affairs (VA) specialty care to the community improves access is unclear.

Objectives:
We compared time from referral to treatment among Veterans whose care was provided by VA versus community care purchased by the VA, using obstructive sleep apnea as an example condition.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study of Northern California Veterans seeking sleep apnea care through the San Francisco VA Healthcare System between 2012 and 2018. We used multivariable linear regression with propensity score matching to investigate the relationship between time to care delivery and care setting (VA provided vs. VA-purchased community care). A total of 1347 Northern California Veterans who completed sleep apnea testing within the VA and 88 Veterans who completed sleep apnea testing in the community had complete data for analysis.

Results:
Among Northern California Veterans with obstructive sleep apnea, outsourcing of care to the community was associated with longer time from referral to therapy (mean±SD, 129.6±82.8 d with VA care vs. 252.0±158.8 d with community care, P<0.001) and greater loss to follow-up.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that purchasing community care may lead to care fragmentation and not improve wait times nor improve access to subspecialty care for Veterans.
COVID-19 in Children With Cancer: A Single Low-Middle Income Center Experience
Authors: Ebeid Fatma S.E. , Ragab Iman A. , Elsherif Nayera H.K. , Makkeyah Sara , Mostafa Salwa , Eltonbary Khadiga , Matbouly Safa , Mostafa Aya , Goma Heba , Agwa Sara H. , Hafez Hala M. , Girgis Samia , El Gendy Yasmin G. , El-Sayed Manal H. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) could be associated with morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to measure the frequency of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among hospitalized children with cancer and to detect the associated clinical manifestations and outcomes.

Methodology:
A prospective noninterventional study including all hospitalized children with cancer conducted between mid-April and mid-June 2020 in Ain Shams University Hospital, Egypt. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data were collected. SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests in nasopharyngeal swabs.

Results:
Fifteen of 61 hospitalized children with cancer were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Their mean age was 8.3±3.5 years. Initially, 10 (66.7%) were asymptomatic and 5 (33.3%) were symptomatic with fever and/or cough. Baseline laboratory tests other than SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were not diagnostic; the mean absolute lymphocyte count was 8.7±2.4×109/L. C-reactive protein was mildly elevated in most of the patients. Imaging was performed in 10 (66.7%) patients with significant radiologic findings detected in 4 (40%) patients. Treatment was mainly supportive with antibiotics as per the febrile neutropenia protocol and local Children Hospital guidance for management of COVID-19 in children.

Conclusions:
Pediatric cancer patients with COVID-19 were mainly asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. A high index of suspicion and regular screening with nasopharyngeal swab in asymptomatic hospitalized cancer patients is recommended.
Population-level effectiveness of a national HIV preexposure prophylaxis programme in MSM
Authors: Estcourt Claudia , Yeung Alan , Nandwani Rak , Goldberg David , Cullen Beth , Steedman Nicola , Wallace Lesley , Hutchinson Sharon 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate Scotland's national HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programme in relation to PrEP uptake and associated population-level impact on HIV incidence among MSM.

Design:
A retrospective cohort study within real-world implementation.

Methods:
Comparison of HIV diagnoses from national surveillance data and HIV incidence within a retrospective cohort of HIV-negative MSM attending sexual health clinics from the National Sexual Health information system between the 2-year periods pre(July 2015–June 2017) and post(July 2017–June 2019) introduction of PrEP.

Results:
Of 16 723 MSM attending sexual health services in the PrEP period, 3256 (19.5%) were prescribed PrEP. Between pre-PrEP and PrEP periods, new HIV diagnoses among MSM declined from 229 to 184, respectively [relative risk reduction (RRR): 19.7%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.5–33.8]; diagnosed recently acquired infections declined from an estimated 73 to 47, respectively (35.6%, 95% CI 7.1–55.4). Among MSM attending sexual health clinics, HIV incidence per 1000 person-years declined from 5.13 (95% CI 3.90–6.64) pre-PrEP to 3.25 (95% CI 2.30–4.47) in the PrEP period (adjusted IRR 0.57, 95% CI 0.37–0.87). Compared with the pre-PrEP period, incidence of HIV was lower in the PrEP period for those prescribed PrEP (aIRR 0.25, 95% CI 0.09–0.70) and for those not prescribed PrEP (aIRR 0.68, 95% CI 0.43–1.05).

Conclusion:
We demonstrate national population-level impact of PrEP for the first time in a real-world setting. HIV incidence reduced in MSM who had been prescribed PrEP and, to a lesser extent, in those who had not. Promotion of the benefits of PrEP needs to extend to MSM who do not access sexual health clinics.
Endoscopic Approach for Insertion of Custom-Designed Facial Implants
Authors: Gonzalez Luis Vicente , Cote Adriana , López Juan Pablo , Gómez-Delgado Andrés 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The objective of this article is to describe the combination of virtual planning used to produce a custom-made facial implant, along with the minimally invasive endoscopic approach used to place it, for the reconstruction of the frontal bone. This management reduces the sequelae that occur with the traditional incisions while restoring the proper contour of facial surfaces at the same time.
The Effect of Autogenous Bone Graft Mixed With Recombinant Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Bone Regeneration
Authors: Tasdemir Ufuk , Iyilikçi Berrin , Aktürk Melisa Cansu , Ozmen Ozlem , Kizildağ Alper , Elmali Zuhal 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Bone regeneration depends on vascularization in the pertaining site. This study aims to investigate autogenous bone grafts mixed with recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) effect on bone regeneration in rat mandibular bone defect.

Material Methods:
Using 32 Wistar Albino rats, our experimental study consists of 4 groups: Group1 (control group), the defect was empty; Group 2, autogenous bone graft only; Group 3, gelatin sponge plus rhVEGF applications; Group 4, autogenous bone graft plus rhVEGF applications. The rats were sacrificed on the 28th day after the operation. New bone regeneration was analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically.

Results:
Our histological analyses revealed that new bone regeneration in Group 3 was enhanced in comparison to Group 1 and Group 2. However, autogenous bone grafts combined with rhVEGF provided the best outcome in conjunction with the increased remodeling of the new bone.

Conclusions:
In the light of our results, it can be concluded that autogenous bone grafts in combination with rhVEGF can, potentially, enhance neovascularization and bone regeneration.