bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online interventions aimed at reducing psychological distress in cancer patients: evidence update and suggestions for future directions
Authors: Willems Roy A. , Bolman Catherine A.W. , Lechner Lilian , Mesters Ilse , Gunn Kate M. , Skrabal Ross Xiomara , Olver Ian 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
A great proportion of people affected by cancer experience psychological distress. To reduce pressure on limited health-management resources available, evidence-based eHealth or online interventions can fill an important gap by making psychosocial care more easily accessible. However, evidence of their effectiveness is mixed. This present review provides an update on the effectiveness of online interventions in reducing psychological distress in patients with cancer by including studies published from January 2018 to September 2019.

Recent findings
Thirty-three publications describing online interventions were included in the review, including web-based, blended care, telehealth, mHealth, and other online interventions. There was great heterogeneity across studies. The evidence of online interventions’ effectiveness in reducing distress was mixed; there was partial support for reduction in psychological distress and depression, but limited evidence for reducing anxiety. Some important limitations should be taken into account when interpreting the results.

Summary
Online interventions for people affected by cancer, in general, are well received and seem to be a necessary component of comprehensive cancer care. However, these interventions should be more rigorously tested to provide more conclusive evidence about their effectiveness.
Cannabinoids as an Emerging Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Cohen Jacob , Wei Zelan , Phang Jonathan , Laprairie Robert B. , Zhang Yanbo 
Published: December 2019

Summary:
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a leading psychiatric disorder that mainly affects military and veteran populations but can occur in anyone affected by trauma. PTSD treatment remains difficult for physicians because most patients with PTSD do not respond to current pharmacological treatment. Psychotherapy is effective, but time consuming and expensive. Substance use disorder is often concurrent with PTSD, which leads to a significant challenge for PTSD treatment. Cannabis has recently received widespread attention for the potential to help many patient populations. Cannabis has been reported as a coping tool for patients with PTSD and preliminary legalization data indicate Cannabis use may reduce the use of more harmful drugs, such as opioids. Rigorous clinical studies of Cannabis could establish whether Cannabis-based medicines can be integrated into treatment regimens for both PTSD and substance use disorder patients.
The Endocannabinoid System and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Preclinical Models of Seizure and Epilepsy
Authors: Smolyakova Anna-Maria , Zagzoog Ayat , Brandt Asher L. , Black Tallan , Mohamed Kawthar , Laprairie Robert B. 
Published: December 2019

Summary:
Cannabinoids are compounds that are structurally and/or functionally related to the primary psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa, ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabinoids can be divided into three broad categories: endogenous cannabinoids, plant-derived cannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). Recently, there has been an unprecedented surge of interest into the pharmacological and medicinal properties of cannabinoids for the treatment of epilepsies. This surge has been stimulated by an ongoing shift in societal opinions about cannabinoid-based medicines and evidence that cannabidiol, a nonintoxicating plant cannabinoid, has demonstrable anticonvulsant activity in children with treatment-refractory epilepsy. The major receptors of the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS)—the type 1 and 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R, CB2R)—have critical roles in the modulation of neurotransmitter release and inflammation, respectively; so, it is not surprising therefore that the ECS is being considered as a target for the treatment of epilepsy. SCs were developed as potential new drug candidates and tool compounds for studying the ECS. Beyond the plant cannabinoids, an extensive research effort is underway to determine whether SCs that directly target CB1R, CB2R, or the enzymes that breakdown endogenous cannabinoids have anticonvulsant effects in preclinical rodent models of epilepsy and seizure. This research demonstrates that many SCs do reduce seizure severity in rodent models and may have both positive and negative pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions with clinically used antiepilepsy drugs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the preclinical evidence for and against SC modulation of seizure and discuss the important questions that need to be addressed in future studies.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: understanding the facts and debate
Authors: LoBue Christian , Schaffert Jeff , Cullum C. Munro 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is hypothesized to be a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to dementia after repetitive head impacts. This review summarizes the recent evidence on CTE to highlight the facts currently known and the areas that remain poorly understood.

Recent findings
Increasing evidence suggests that many of the prior assertions about CTE in relation to repetitive head trauma are premature. First, CTE lesions have been observed in individuals with no history of head trauma/impacts. In addition, attempts to characterize possible clinical markers of CTE have had several shortcomings, notably an absence of detailed clinical assessments during life, vague/nonspecific symptom reports, and crude methodology. Moreover, recent studies demonstrate that current CTE pathological criteria have limitations and are in need of refinement/validation.

Summary
CTE is still in the early stages of research as a neuropathological condition and no specific clinical criteria exist. Claims about CTE being a progressive disease entity and caused exclusively by head trauma/impacts are not well supported at present. Such assertions may have impeded our understanding of the frequency and significance of this disorder. Refining diagnostic criteria to reduce ambiguity in classifying cases will be essential before risk factors and/or possible clinical markers may be identified.
Home Use of a Wireless Intracortical Brain-Computer Interface by Individuals With Tetraplegia
Authors: Simeral John D. , Hosman Thomas , Saab Jad , Flesher Sharlene N. , Vilela Marco , Franco Brian , Kelemen Jessica , Brandman David M. , Ciancibello John G. , Rezaii Paymon G. , Rosler David M. , Shenoy Krishna V. , Henderson Jaimie M. , Nurmikko Arto V. , Hochberg Leigh R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIndividuals with neurological disease or injury such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury or stroke may become tetraplegic, unable to speak or even locked-in. For people with these conditions, current assistive technologies are often ineffective. Brain-computer interfaces are being developed to enhance independence and restore communication in the absence of physical movement. Over the past decade, individuals with tetraplegia have achieved rapid on-screen typing and point-and-click control of tablet apps using intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) that decode intended arm and hand movements from neural signals recorded by implanted microelectrode arrays. However, cables used to convey neural signals from the brain tether participants to amplifiers and decoding computers and require expert oversight during use, severely limiting when and where iBCIs could be available for use. Here, we demonstrate the first human use of a wireless broadband iBCI. Based on a prototype system previously used in pre-clinical research, we replaced the external cables of a 192-electrode iBCI with wireless transmitters and achieved high-resolution recording and decoding of broadband field potentials and spiking activity from people with paralysis. Two participants in an ongoing pilot clinical trial performed on-screen item selection tasks to assess iBCI-enabled cursor control. Communication bitrates were equivalent between cabled and wireless configurations. Participants also used the wireless iBCI to control a standard commercial tablet computer to browse the web and use several mobile applications. Within-day comparison of cabled and wireless interfaces evaluated bit error rate, packet loss, and the recovery of spike rates and spike waveforms from the recorded neural signals. In a representative use case, the wireless system recorded intracortical signals from two arrays in one participant continuously through a 24-hour period at home. Wireless multi-electrode recording of broadband neural signals over extended periods introduces a valuable tool for human neuroscience research and is an important step toward practical deployment of iBCI technology for independent use by individuals with paralysis. On-demand access to high-performance iBCI technology in the home promises to enhance independence and restore communication and mobility for individuals with severe motor impairment.
Explainable Deep Relational Networks for Predicting Compound-Protein Affinities and Contacts
Authors: Karimi Mostafa , Wu Di , Wang Zhangyang , Shen Yang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPredicting compound-protein affinity is beneficial for accelerating drug discovery. Doing so without the often-unavailable structure data is gaining interest. However, recent progress in structure-free affinity prediction, made by machine learning, focuses on accuracy but leaves much to be desired for interpretability. Defining inter-molecular contacts underlying affinities as a vehicle for interpretability, our large-scale interpretability assessment finds previously-used attention mechanisms inadequate. We thus formulate a hierarchical multi-objective learning problem whose predicted contacts form the basis for predicted affinities. And we solve the problem by embedding protein sequences (by hierarchical recurrent neural networks) and compound graphs (by graph neural networks) with joint attentions between protein residues and compound atoms. We further introduce three methodological advances to enhance interpretability: (1) structure-aware regularization of attentions using protein sequence-predicted solvent exposure and residue-residue contact maps; (2) supervision of attentions using known inter-molecular contacts in training data; and (3) an intrinsically explainable architecture where atomic-level contacts or “relations” lead to molecular-level affinity prediction. The first two and all three advances result in DeepAffinity+ and DeepRelations, respectively. Our methods show generalizability in affinity prediction for molecules that are new and dissimilar to training examples. Moreover, they show superior interpretability compared to state-of-the-art interpretable methods: with similar or better affinity prediction, they boost the AUPRC of contact prediction by around 33, 35, 10, and 9-fold for the default test, new-compound, new-protein, and both-new sets, respectively. We further demonstrate their potential utilities in contact-assisted docking, structure-free binding site prediction, and structure-activity relationship studies without docking. Our study represents the first model development and systematic model assessment dedicated to interpretable machine learning for structure-free compound-protein affinity prediction.
Graded, multi-dimensional intragroup and intergroup variations in primary progressive aphasia and post-stroke aphasia
Authors: Ingram Ruth U. , Halai Ajay D. , Pobric Gorana , Sajjadi Seyed , Patterson Karalyn , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLanguage impairments caused by stroke (post-stroke aphasia) and neurodegeneration (primary progressive aphasia) have overlapping symptomatology, nomenclature and are classically divided into categorical subtypes. Surprisingly, primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and post-stroke aphasia (PSA) have rarely been directly compared in detail. Rather previous studies have compared certain subtypes (e.g., semantic variants) or have focussed on a specific cognitive/linguistic task (e.g., reading). This study assessed a large range of linguistic and cognitive tasks across the full spectra of PSA and PPA. We applied varimax-rotated principal component analysis to explore the underlying structure of the variance in the assessment scores. Similar phonological, semantic and fluency-related components were found for PSA and PPA. A combined principal component analysis across the two aetiologies revealed graded intragroup and intergroup variations on all four extracted components. Classification analysis was employed to test, formally, whether there were any categorical boundaries for any subtypes of PPA or PSA. Semantic dementia proved to form a true diagnostic category (i.e., within group homogeneity and distinct between group differences), whereas there was considerable overlap and graded variations within and between other subtypes of PPA and PSA. These results suggest that (a) a multi-dimensional rather than categorical classification system may be a better conceptualisation of aphasia from both causes, and (b) despite the very different types of pathology, these broad classes of aphasia have considerable features in common.
Dopamine Genotype Interacts with Inter-Individual Licking Received on Later-Life Licking Provisioning in Female Rat Offspring
Authors: Lauby Samantha C. , Ashbrook David G. , Malik Hannan R. , Chatterjee Diptendu , Pan Pauline , Fleming Alison S. , McGowan Patrick O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn most mammals, mothers exhibit natural variations in care that propagate between generations of female offspring. However, there is limited information on genetic variation that influences this propagation. We assessed early-life maternal care received by individual female rat offspring in relation to genetic polymorphisms linked to dopaminergic activity, maternal care provisioning, and dopaminergic activity in the maternal brain. We also conducted a systematic analysis of other genetic variants potentially related to maternal behavior in our Long-Evans rat population. We found that dopamine receptor 2 (rs107017253) variation interacted with the relationship between early-life maternal care received and dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens which, in turn, were associated with later-life maternal care provisioning. We also discovered and validated new variants that were predicted by our systematic analysis. Our findings suggest that genetic variation influences the relationship between maternal care received and maternal care provisioning, similar to findings in human populations.
Leader cell activity and collective invasion by an autocrine nucleotide loop through connexin-43 hemichannels and ADORA1
Authors: Khalil Antoine A. , Ilina Olga , Vasaturo Angela , Venhuizen Jan-Hendrik , Vullings Manon , Venhuizen Victor , Bilos Ab , Figdor Carl , Span Paul N. , Friedl Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProgression of epithelial cancers predominantly proceeds by collective invasion of cell groups with coordinated cell-cell junctions and multicellular cytoskeletal activity. Collectively invading breast cancer cells co-express adherens junctions and connexin-43 (Cx43) gap junctionsin vitroand in patient samples, yet whether gap junctions contribute to collective invasion remains unclear. We here show that Cx43 is required for chemical coupling between collectively invading breast cancer cells and, by its hemichannel function, adenosine nucleotide release into the extracellular space. Using molecular interference and rescue strategiesin vitroand in orthotopic mammary tumorsin vivo, Cx43-dependent adenosine nucleotide release was identified as essential mediator engaging the nucleoside receptor ADORA1, to induce leader cell activity and collective migration. In clinical samples joint-upregulation of Cx43 and ADORA1 predicts decreased relapse-free survival. This identifies autocrine nucleotide signaling, through a Cx43/ADORA1 axis, as critical pathway in leader cell function and collective cancer cell invasion.Graphical abstract
The Cryo-EM Structure of a Pannexin 1 Channel Reveals an Extracellular Gating Mechanism
Authors: Michalski Kevin , Syrjanen Johanna L. , Henze Erik , Kumpf Julia , Furukawa Hiro , Kawate Toshimitsu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPannexins are large-pore forming channels responsible for ATP release under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Although predicted to share similar membrane topology with other large-pore forming proteins such as connexins, innexins, and LRRC8, pannexins have minimal sequence similarity to these protein families. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of a pannexin 1 (Panx1) channel at 3.0 Å. We find that Panx1 protomers harbor four transmembrane helices similar in arrangement to other large-pore forming proteins but assemble as a heptameric channel with a unique gate formed by Trp74 in the extracellular loop. Mutating Trp74 or the nearby Arg75 disrupt ion selectivity whereas altering residues in the hydrophobic groove formed by the two extracellular loops abrogates channel inhibition by carbenoxolone. Our structural and functional study establishes the extracellular loops as the unique structural determinants for channel gating and inhibition in Panx1 thereby providing the founding model to study pannexins.
Increased calcidiol level in redhaired people: Could redheadedness be an adaptation to temperate climate?
Authors: Flegr Jaroslav , Sýkorová Kateřina , Fiala Vojtěch , Hlaváčová Jana , Bičíková Marie , Máčová Ludmila , Kaňková Šárka 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAbout 1–2% of European population are redhaired, meaning they synthesize more pheomelanin than eumelanin, the main melanin pigment. Several mutations could be responsible for this phenotype. It has been suggested that corresponding mutations spread in Europe due to a founder effect shaped either by a relaxation of selection for dark, UV-protective phenotypes or by sexual selection in favor of rare phenotypes. In our study, we investigated the levels of vitamin D precursor calcidiol and folic acid in the blood serum of 73 redhaired and 130 non-redhaired individuals. In redhaired individuals, we found higher calcidiol concentrations and approximately the same folic acid concentrations as in non-redhaired subjects. Calcidiol concentrations correlated with the intensity of hair redness measured by two spectrophotometric methods and estimated by participants themselves and by independent observers. In non-redhaired individuals, calcidiol levels covaried with the amount of sun exposure and intensity of suntan while in redhaired individuals, this was not the case. It suggests that increased calcidiol levels in redhaired individuals are due to differences in physiology rather than in behavior. We also found that folic acid levels increased with age and the intensity of baldness and decreased with the frequency of visiting tanning salons. Our results suggest that the redhaired phenotype could be an evolutionary adaptation for sufficient photosynthesis of provitamin D in conditions of low intensity of UV-B radiation in central and northern parts of Europe.
Are “youth days” effective at motivating new sport participation? Evidence from a pre-post event research design
Authors: Bakhsh Jordan Taylor , Potwarka Luke R. , Snelgrove Ryan 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects that exposure to a youth day event at an elite sport competition has on youth spectators’ motivations to participate in the sport on display.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper was underpinned by the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Pre- and post-event questionnaires were administered to local grade seven and eight students (n=318) as part of a youth day event at the 2016 Milton International Track Cycling Challenge in Ontario, Canada. Questionnaires assessed each TPB construct one week before the youth day and immediately following the event.

Findings
The paper provides empirical insights about the shifts from pre- to post-event behavioral antecedent measures. Results suggest youth day events can be effective at driving positive shifts in participation intention and subjective norm among youth populations.

Research limitations/implications
A control group was not possible as an ethical limitation was created from the school boards which did not allow for some students/classes within the study to not experience the event. Researchers are encouraged to develop a study which allows for a youth control group and assesses the shift in behavioral antecedents at multiple time points post-event.

Practical implications
The paper includes implications for how to leverage subjective norms as a means of motivating post-event participation.

Originality/value
The paper fulfils a methodological gap to move beyond cross-sectional data and employ pre-post event research designs to measure the effect spectating an elite sport competition can have on youth’s motivation to participate in the sport on display.
Influence of natural barytes purity levels on the tribological characteristics of non-asbestos brake pads
Authors: R. Vijay , S. Manoharan , D. Lenin Singaravelu 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to deal with the effect of natural barytes purity levels on the tribological performance of brake pads.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, brake pads were developed by varying three different natural barytes without varying other ingredients. The brake pads were developed as per the standard industrial practice. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the developed brake pads were tested as per the industrial standards. The tribological properties were analyzed using a full-scale inertia brake dynamometer. Worn surface analysis was done using scanning electron microscope coupled with elemental mapping.FindingsThe experimental results indicate that the brake pads filled with natural barytes 95% purity had good physical, chemical and mechanical properties with stable friction and less wear rate due to reduced impurity level preventing frictional undulations.Originality/valueThis paper explains the effect of the purity level of natural barytes in brake pads formulation to enhance the tribological performance by altering tribofilms and preventing friction undulations.
Determinants of contract renewals in business-to-business relationships
Authors: Cabral Sandro , Ribeiro Priscila Fernandes , Romão Sanders Zurdo 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the underlying factors of contract renewals in business-to-business (B2B) contracts.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors build a unique data set with 296 contracts signed between a major firm supplying petrochemical goods and its 128 customers between 2013 and 2016. They use Insider Econometrics as their methodological approach.

Findings
The econometric results suggest that contracts involving higher volume of trade, higher levels of dedicated assets representing seller’s specific investments in each transaction, and contracts comprising more than one product present an increased likelihood of being renewed.

Research limitations/implications
Although limited to a single organization, this paper contributes to management theories focused on buyer–supplier relationships in which coordination between interdependent parties is required.

Practical implications
Practitioners engaged in B2B relationships may benefit from the findings to shape their bargaining strategies in contexts of high levels of asset specificity and bilateral dependence.

Originality/value
This paper contribute to theories related to the strategic negotiation between buyers and suppliers by emphasizing the importance of asset specificity in a nuanced and multifaceted fashion, by highlighting aspects related to resource dependency, and idiosyncratic characteristics on contract renewal.