bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Neo-Aramaic Version of a Kurdish Folktale
Authors: Häberl Charles , Kuzin Nikita , Loesov Sergey , Lyavdansky Alexey 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Versions of the folktale Zêrka Zêra (in Kurdish)/Stērka Zerá (in Ṭuroyo) circulate throughout southeastern Anatolia. The story belongs to a widely-disseminated tale type, the ‘Bear's Wife’, which concerns a young woman who is abducted by a bear (or other wilderness creature) and is forced to spawn and rear his children before escaping or being rescued. The following Ṭuroyo version was recorded during the 2018 winter field season of the Russian expedition to Ṭur Abdin in the village of Ḥaḥ/Anıtlı from a speaker of the dialect of Bequsyone. It represents the first scholarly publication not only of the Ṭuroyo version, but of any version of this folktale. In addition to the folktale and a translation, the study includes a glossary of the vocabulary used within the text, reflecting some Ṭuroyo words that have not been documented elsewhere. The paper also discusses the motifs of the Stērka Zerá folktale according to the standard classification scheme of folk motifs.
The Long Perplexing Mīmiyya of Ḥumayd B. Thawr Al-Hilālī: Which Version Is More Convincing?
Authors: Hussein Ali Ahmad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the structure of four different versions of the long love poem by Ḥumayd b. Thawr al-Hilālī. The shortest of the four runs to 119 verses, and the longest is 185, each line ending with m as a rhyming letter. This structural analysis addresses two main questions: First, what is the story told in each version? Second, in light of this, which version is the most convincing? Answering these questions enabled a restructuring of the poem, which appears in Arabic below, followed by a full English translation, with footnotes to clarify lexicon and content. The study's main conclusion is that the most convincing version of the poem comprises the verses of al-Bayṭār (editor of its longest and most recent variant), structured to fit the narrative of al-Maymanī's edition.
Early Genizah Fragments Of Saadya Gaon's Bible Translation Copied By Samuel B. Shechaniah B. Amram
Authors: Zewi Tamar , Ashur Amir 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article presents a full transcription and discussion of eighteen early Genizah fragments of Saadya's Bible translation made of parchment (sixteen from the Pentateuch and two from the book of Daniel) and copied by the scribe Samuel b. Shechaniah b. Amram. Seventeen of them are long narrow pieces of parchment of uneven size, and some are two or more pieces sewn together. These fragments were bound in the form of a rotulus, that is, the pages are attached across their upper and lower margins to form a roll that is read vertically. The fragments are undated; nevertheless, codicological considerations, including their form and method of binding, the material onto which they were copied, and the type of handwriting allow us to assume that they were copied already in the tenth century, or at least no later than the beginning of the eleventh.
Immunotherapy based on Pythium insidiosum mycelia drives a Th1/Th17 response in mice
Authors: Tondolo Juliana S M , Loreto Erico S , de Jesus Francielli P K , Ledur Pauline C , Verdi Camila M , Santurio Janio M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPythium insidiosum is an oomycete that affects mammals, especially humans and horses, causing a difficult-to-treat disease. Typically, surgical interventions associated with antimicrobial therapy, immunotherapy, or both are the preferred treatment choices. PitiumVac® is a therapeutic vaccine prepared from the mycelial mass of P. insidiosum and is used to treat Brazilian equine pythiosis. To better understand how PitiumVac® works, we analyzed the composition of PitiumVac® and the immune response triggered by this immunotherapy in mice. We performed an enzymatic quantification that showed a total glucan content of 21.05% ± 0.94 (α-glucan, 6.37% ± 0.77 and (1,3)(1,6)-β-glucan, 14.68% ± 0.60) and mannose content of 1.39% ± 0.26; the protein content was 0.52 mg ml−1 ± 0.07 mg ml−1. Healthy Swiss mice (n = 3) were subcutaneously preimmunized with one, two, or three shots of PitiumVac®, and immunization promoted a relevant Th1 and Th17 responses compared to nonimmunization of mice. The highest cytokine levels were observed after the third immunization, principally for IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, and IL-10 levels. Results of infected untreated (Pythiosis) and infected treated (Pythiosis + PVAC) mice (n = 3) showed that PitiumVac® reinforces the Th1/Th17 response displayed by untreated mice. The (1,3)(1,6)-β-glucan content can be, at least in part, related to this Th1/Th17 response.
The biggest splash
Authors: Belokurov Vasily , Sanders Jason L , Fattahi Azadeh , Smith Martin C , Deason Alis J , Evans N Wyn , Grand Robert J J 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Using a large sample of bright nearby stars with accurate Gaia Data Release 2 astrometry and auxiliary spectroscopy we map out the properties of the principle Galactic components such as the ‘thin’ and ‘thick’ discs and the halo. We confirm previous claims that in the Solar neighbourhood, there exists a large population of metal-rich ([Fe/H] &gt; −0.7) stars on highly eccentric orbits. By studying the evolution of elemental abundances, kinematics, and stellar ages in the plane of azimuthal velocity vϕ and metallicity [Fe/H], we demonstrate that this metal-rich halo-like component, which we dub the Splash, is linked to the α-rich (or ‘thick’) disc. Splash stars have little to no angular momentum and many are on retrograde orbits. They are predominantly old, but not as old as the stars deposited into the Milky Way (MW) in the last major merger. We argue, in agreement with several recent studies, that the Splash stars may have been born in the MW’s protodisc prior to the massive ancient accretion event which drastically altered their orbits. We cannot, however, rule out other (alternative) formation channels. Taking advantage of the causal connection between the merger and the Splash, we put constraints of the epoch of the last massive accretion event to have finished 9.5 Gyr ago. The link between the local metal-rich and metal-poor retrograde stars is confirmed using a large suite of cutting-edge numerical simulations of the MW’s formation.
Clinical impact of combined epigenetic and molecular analysis of pediatric low-grade gliomas
Authors: Fukuoka Kohei , Mamatjan Yasin , Tatevossian Ruth , Zapotocky Michal , Ryall Scott , Stucklin Ana Guerreiro , Bennett Julie , Nobre Liana Figueiredo , Arnoldo Anthony , Luu Betty , Wen Ji , Zhu Kaicen , Leon Alberto , Torti Dax , Pugh Trevor J , Hazrati Lili-Naz , Laperriere Normand , Drake James , Rutka James T , Dirks Peter , Kulkarni Abhaya V , Taylor Michael D , Bartels Ute , Huang Annie , Zadeh Gelareh , Aldape Kenneth , Ramaswamy Vijay , Bouffet Eric , Snuderl Matija , Ellison David , Hawkins Cynthia , Tabori Uri 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Both genetic and methylation analysis have been shown to provide insight into the diagnosis and prognosis of many brain tumors. However, the implication of methylation profiling and its interaction with genetic alterations in pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) are unclear.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive analysis of PLGG with long-term clinical follow-up. In total 152 PLGGs were analyzed from a range of pathological subtypes, including 40 gangliogliomas. Complete molecular analysis was compared with genome-wide methylation data and outcome in all patients. For further analysis of specific PLGG groups, including BRAF p.V600E mutant gliomas, we compiled an additional cohort of clinically and genetically defined tumors from 3 large centers.

Results
Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed 5 novel subgroups of PLGG. These were dominated by nonneoplastic factors such as tumor location and lymphocytic infiltration. Midline PLGG clustered together while deep hemispheric lesions differed from lesions in the periphery. Mutations were distributed throughout these location-driven clusters of PLGG. A novel methylation cluster suggesting high lymphocyte infiltration was confirmed pathologically and exhibited worse progression-free survival compared with PLGG harboring similar molecular alterations (P = 0.008; multivariate analysis: P = 0.035). Although the current methylation classifier revealed low confidence in 44% of cases and failed to add information in most PLGG, it was helpful in reclassifying rare cases. The addition of histopathological and molecular information to specific methylation subgroups such as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma–like tumors could stratify these tumors into low and high risk (P = 0.0014).

Conclusion
The PLGG methylome is affected by multiple nonneoplastic factors. Combined molecular and pathological analysis is key to provide additional information when methylation classification is used for PLGG in the clinical setting.
Pediatric Spine Trauma: A Brief Review
Authors: Alexiades Nikita G , Parisi Frank , Anderson Richard C E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Pediatric spinal trauma is a broad topic with nuances specific to each anatomic region of the spinal column. The purpose of this report is to provide a brief review highlighting the most important and common clinical issues regarding the diagnosis and management of pediatric spine trauma. Detailed descriptions of imaging findings along with specific operative and nonoperative management of each fracture and dislocation type are beyond the scope of this review.
Use of virtual reality for symptom management in solid-tumor patients with implications for primary brain tumor research: a systematic review
Authors: Leggiero Nicole M , Armstrong Terri S , Gilbert Mark R , King Amanda L 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary brain tumors (PBTs) remain incurable, with a typically poor prognosis and significant symptom burden for patients. Virtual reality (VR) can potentially alleviate some of the negative aspects of illness by allowing individuals to escape to environments where they can experience more positive thoughts and emotions. Given promising findings for VR use in other clinical populations, there is increasing interest to use VR for symptomatic improvement in oncology patients. The purpose of this review was to analyze the literature of VR-related interventions for symptom management in adult PBT and other solid-tumor patients, which will guide development of future VR interventions in these populations.MethodsA systematic search of EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines with predefined eligibility criteria. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review.ResultsFindings showed promising evidence that VR can improve anxiety for solid-tumor patients, with mixed results reported for pain, distress, depression, and mood. There was significant heterogeneity in methodological approaches across the literature and the majority of studies were underpowered and lacked rigorous study designs. Qualitative findings demonstrated a high degree of participant satisfaction with VR use, with very few adverse side effects reported.ConclusionsFindings from this review suggest that VR can be used as an innovative delivery system for targeted interventions to improve symptoms in PBTs and other solid-tumor patient populations, though additional well-designed clinical trials are needed to better establish its efficacy.
Circulating CD19+CD24hiCD38hi regulatory B cells as biomarkers of response to methotrexate in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fortea-Gordo Paula , Villalba Alejandro , Nuño Laura , Santos-Bórnez María José , Peiteado Diana , Monjo Irene , Puig-Kröger Amaya , Sánchez-Mateos Paloma , Martín-Mola Emilio , Balsa Alejandro , Miranda-Carús María-Eugenia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
The protagonism of regulatory B cells seems to vary along the course of the disease in murine models of inflammatory conditions. Decreased numbers of circulating regulatory CD19+CD24hiCD38hi transitional (cTr) B cells have been described in patients with long-standing RA, thus our objective was to examine the frequency and evolution of cTr B cells in the peripheral blood of early RA (ERA) patients.

Methods
Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 48 steroid- and DMARD-naïve ERA patients with a disease duration of &lt;24 weeks and 48 healthy controls (HCs) were examined by flow cytometry. Co-cultures of isolated memory B cells were established with autologous T cells in the absence or presence of Tr B cells.

Results
As compared with HCs, ERA patients demonstrated an increased frequency of cTr B cells. cTr B cells of ERA patients and HCs displayed an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and were able to downregulate T cell IFN-γ and IL-21 production, together with ACPA secretion in autologous B/T cell co-cultures. Basal frequencies of cTr B cells above the median value observed in HCs were associated with a good EULAR response to MTX at 12 months [relative risk 2.91 (95% CI 1.37, 6.47)]. A significant reduction of cTr B cells was observed 12 months after initiating MTX, when the cTr B cell frequency was no longer elevated but decreased, and this was independent of the degree of clinical response or the intake of prednisone.

Conclusion
An increased frequency of regulatory cTr B cells is apparent in untreated ERA and the baseline cTr B cell frequency is associated with the clinical response to MTX at 12 months.
Ultradian modulation of cortical arousals during sleep: effects of age and exposure to nighttime transportation noise
Authors: Rudzik Franziska , Thiesse Laurie , Pieren Reto , Héritier Harris , Eze Ikenna C , Foraster Maria , Vienneau Danielle , Brink Mark , Wunderli Jean Marc , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Röösli Martin , Fulda Stephany , Cajochen Christian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
The present study aimed at assessing the temporal non-rapid eye movement (NREM) EEG arousal distribution within and across sleep cycles and its modifications with aging and nighttime transportation noise exposure, factors that typically increase the incidence of EEG arousals.

Methods
Twenty-six young (19–33 years, 12 women) and 16 older (52–70 years, 8 women) healthy volunteers underwent a 6-day polysomnographic laboratory study. Participants spent two noise-free nights and four transportation noise exposure nights, two with continuous and two characterized by eventful noise (average sound levels of 45 dB, maximum sound levels between 50 and 62 dB for eventful noise). Generalized mixed models were used to model the time course of EEG arousal rates during NREM sleep and included cycle, age, and noise as independent variables.

Results
Arousal rate variation within NREM sleep cycles was best described by a u-shaped course with variations across cycles. Older participants had higher overall arousal rates than the younger individuals with differences for the first and the fourth cycle depending on the age group. During eventful noise nights, overall arousal rates were increased compared to noise-free nights. Additional analyses suggested that the arousal rate time course was partially mediated by slow wave sleep (SWS).

Conclusions
The characteristic u-shaped arousal rate time course indicates phases of reduced physiological sleep stability both at the beginning and end of NREM cycles. Small effects on the overall arousal rate by eventful noise exposure suggest a preserved physiological within- and across-cycle arousal evolution with noise exposure, while aging affected the shape depending on the cycle.
Psychometric Properties of the Revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Alcohol Assessment and the Brief Alcohol Withdrawal Scale in a Psychiatric Population
Authors: Elefante Raymond Julius , Batkis Marcelo , Nelliot Archana , Abernathy Karen , Rocha Kristi , Jenkins Freddie , Rastegar Darius Anthony , Neufeld Karin Jane 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
Psychiatric illness complicates the assessment of alcohol and sedative withdrawal (ASW). This study measured the diagnostic characteristics of the Revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Alcohol Assessment (CIWA-Ar) and the Brief Alcohol Withdrawal Scale (BAWS) compared with a reference standard in patients with psychiatric illness and evaluated their administration time.

Methods:
This prospective quality improvement (QI) project conducted in November, 2016 evaluated 35 consecutive unique patients in psychiatric settings. Each patient was evaluated on 1 occasion, sequentially by 2 independent examiners with the CIWA-Ar and BAWS. A Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition diagnosis of ASW derived after medical record review by 2 psychiatrists blind to the screening results served as a reference standard. Psychometric properties of the CIWA-Ar and BAWS were measured against the reference.

Results:
Nineteen (54%) patients had ASW diagnosis by the reference standard. The sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI]) of the CIWA-Ar was 47% (25%–71%) at a cut-off score ≥8; sensitivity of the BAWS was 79% (54%–94%) at a cut-off score ≥3. Specificity (95% CI) for CIWA-Ar and BAWS was 88% (62%–98%) and 88% (62%–98%), respectively. Administration times (interquartile range) for the CIWA-Ar and BAWS were 120 (60–180) and 65 (50–75) seconds, respectively. Receiver operator characteristic area under the curve for CIWA-Ar was 0.77 and for BAWS was 0.76 (P = 0.86).

Conclusion:
Both instruments performed similarly in assessing for mild to moderate ASW in a sample of patients with psychiatric illness. The BAWS took 65 seconds to administer—almost half as much time as the CIWA-Ar.
Use of PROMIS in Assessment of Children With Ponseti-treated Idiopathic Clubfoot: Better Scores With Greater Than 3 Years of Brace Use
Authors: Khan Ahsan A. , Abarca Nancy , Cung Nina Q. , Lerman Joel A. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is a well-validated tool used to measure health-related quality of life for children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions. The current study evaluates PROMIS scores in 3 domains for children with Ponseti-treated idiopathic clubfoot.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of 77 children, ages 5 to 16 years, treated by Ponseti protocol for idiopathic clubfoot. Three pediatric PROMIS domains (Mobility, Pain Interference, and Peer Relationships) were administered between April 2017 and June 2018. One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc and independent sample t tests were performed to explore differences across PROMIS domain scores by sex, age, initial Dimeglio score, laterality, bracing duration, and whether the child underwent tibialis anterior transfer.

Results:
In the self-reported group (ages 8 to 16), mean T-scores for all 3 domains in both unilaterally and bilaterally affected groups were within the normal range, with respect to the general reference pediatric population. However, children with unilateral clubfoot had a significantly higher mean Mobility T-score (54.77) than children with bilateral clubfoot (47.81, P=0.005). Children with unilateral clubfoot also had significantly lower mean pain scores (39.16) than their bilateral counterparts (46.56, P=0.005). Children who had braced >36 months had a significantly higher mean Mobility T-score (53.68) than children who braced ≤36 months (46.28, P=0.004).
In the proxy group (ages 5 to 7), mean T-scores for all 3 domains in both laterality groups were within the normal range, with respect to the reference population. Children who had braced >36 months had a significantly higher mean Mobility T-score (52.75 vs. 49.15, P=0.014) and lower Pain Interference score (43.04 vs. 49.15, P=0.020) than children who braced ≤36 months.

Conclusions:
Children treated by Ponseti protocol for idiopathic clubfoot yielded PROMIS scores for Mobility, Pain Interference, and Peer Relationships domains similar to the reference population. Bracing duration >36 months and unilaterality were associated with less mobility impairment than their counterparts. These findings may help guide parent recommendations.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Giant Ethmoid Sinus Osteoma Protruding into the Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Yazici Demet , Kuran Gökhan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Ethmoid sinus osteomas are rare, benign, encapsulated neoplasms of the paranasal region. They can lead to various complications such as sinusitis, orbital cellulitis, proptosis, and diplopia. The treatment protocol of these lesions changed remarkably as powered instrumentation of functional endoscopic sinus surgery evolved and otolaryngologists gained experience. Here, the authors report a 30-year-old female who was diagnosed with a giant right-sided ethmoid sinus osteoma and discuss diagnostic and treatment modalities of these lesions in consonance with the current literature.
Analysis of Neoclassical Facial Canons for Brazilian White Young Adults and Comparison With North American Caucasian Population
Authors: Gonzales Paola Sampaio , Machado Carlos Eduardo Palhares , Michel-Crosato Edgard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An indirect anthropometric study was conducted to find out whether neoclassical facial canons could be applied to the population of Brazilian white young adults. The study was based on standardized facial photographs of 689 women and 666 men aged 30 years ± 6 months. The findings were compared to those observed for the North American Caucasian population. The frequency of 5 canons was assessed: facial thirds; interorbital width; nose and eye widths; mouth and nose widths; and face and nose widths. The assessed population showed the following ratios: tr-n > n-sn (96.01%), n-sn < sn-gn (95.90%), tr-n = sn-gn (42.06%), en-en < al-al (58.08%), en-en < ec-en (59.92%), ch-ch = 1½ al-al (52.61%), and al-al = 1/4 zy-zy (56.67%). When compared to North American Caucasians, only tr-n/n-sn and n-sn/sn-gn were identical. In conclusion, neoclassical facial canons cannot be applied to the Brazilian population, but they could serve as parameters for application in clinical practice and in forensic sciences.
Microsurgery for Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Onoda Satoshi , Masahito Kinoshita 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The most serious complication of free flap transfer is total flap necrosis, which is usually due to a microvascular problem. The development of a microsurgical instrument has greatly lowered the prevalence of postoperative vascular trouble to a rate of 1% to 3%. However, necrosis of the transferred flap in head and neck reconstruction can cause serious complications and postoperative functional deficiency. Therefore, for blood circulation disorder of the flap following free flap transfer, it is necessary to perform re-operation, as soon as possible, in order to attempt salvaging the flap after the disorder has been diagnosed.
The goal of this study was to analyze the microsurgery for head and neck reconstruction. The author, with an experience of more than 500 microsurgical anastomoses, discusses microsurgery in head and neck reconstruction through the choices of recipient vessels, aspects that require attention in order to prevent vascular complications, and correspondence when complications occur.