bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors and Center‐Level Variation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Under‐Staging for Liver Transplantation
Authors: Mahmud Nadim , Hoteit Maarouf A. , Goldberg David S. 
Published: May 2020

Liver transplantation (LT) is curative for most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, 10%‐15% of patients experience HCC recurrence. Patients who are reported as within Milan criteria by imaging are frequently found to be outside the criteria on explant. This under‐staging of HCC worsens post‐LT outcomes. However, risk factors for under‐staging have not been elucidated. Furthermore, it is not known if there is regional or center‐level variation in under‐staging. We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult patients transplanted for HCC in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database between 2012 and 2016. Under‐staging was determined on the basis of comparing pre‐LT imaging to explant findings. Kaplan‐Meier methods and Cox regression were used to evaluate the impact of under‐staging on HCC recurrence and post‐LT survival. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for under‐staging and to study regional and center‐level variation in adjusted analyses. A total of 5424 patients were included in the cohort, of whom 24.9% (n = 1353) were under‐staged. Post‐LT HCC recurrence and death were significantly associated with under‐staging (each P < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, independent predictors of under‐staging included age (odds ratio [OR], 1.13 per 10 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03‐1.25), male sex (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.36‐1.89), down‐staging (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 2.65‐6.11), and pre‐LT alpha‐fetoprotein (P < 0.001). There was also significant variation in under‐staging between UNOS regions and among transplant centers, ranging from 14.8% to 38.1%. We report novel risk factors for HCC under‐staging, which worsens post‐LT outcomes. Significant center‐level and regional variation in under‐staging highlights the need for standards that achieve greater uniformity in staging.
A fibered description of the vector‐valued spectrum
Authors: Dimant Verónica , Singer Joaquín 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor Banach spaces X and Y we study the vector‐valued spectrum , that is the set of non null algebra homomorphisms from to , which is naturally projected onto the closed unit ball of . The aim of this article is to describe the fibers defined by this projection, searching for analytic balls and considering Gleason parts.
High‐Performance Polymer Foams by Thermally Induced Phase Separation
Authors: Rusakov Dmitrii , Menner Angelika , Bismarck Alexander 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMacroporous, low‐density polyetheretherketone, polyetherketoneketone, and polyetherimide foams are produced using a high‐temperature, thermally induced phase separation method. A high‐boiling‐point solvent, which is suitable to dissolve at least 20 wt% of these high‐performance polymers at temperatures above 250 °C, is identified. The foam morphology is controlled by the cooling procedure. The resulting polymer foams have porosities close to 80% with surface areas up to 140 m2g−1and elastic moduli up to 97 MPa.
A Chemographic Audit of anti‐Coronavirus Structure‐activity Information from Public Databases (ChEMBL)
Authors: Horvath Dragos , Orlov Alexey , Osolodkin Dmitry I. , Ishmukhametov Aydar A. , Marcou Gilles , Varnek Alexandre 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDiscovery of drugs against newly emerged pathogenic agents like the SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus (CoV) must be based on previous research against related species. Scientists need to get acquainted with and develop a global oversight over so‐far tested molecules. Chemography (herein used Generative Topographic Mapping, in particular) places structures on a human‐readable 2D map (obtained by dimensionality reduction of the chemical space of molecular descriptors) and is thus well suited for such an audit. The goal is to map medicinal chemistry efforts so far targeted against CoVs. This includes comparing libraries tested against various virus species/genera, predicting their polypharmacological profiles and highlighting often encountered chemotypes. Maps are challenged to provide predictive activity landscapes against viral proteins. Definition of “anti‐CoV” map zones led to selection of therein residing 380 potential anti‐CoV agents, out of a vast pool of 800 M organic compounds.
"Jeden Schritt mit Respekt": Detlef Günther, Vizepräsident der ETH Zürich
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFast seine gesamte wissenschaftliche Karriere hat der analytische Chemiker Detlef Günther an der ETH Zürich verbracht. Heute ist er Vizepräsident für Forschung der Hochschule. Ein Gespräch über gute wissenschaftliche Praxis, internationale Zusammenarbeit und die Schweiz.
Weg mit dem Lignin
Authors: Keplinger Tobias , Frey Marion , Burgert Ingo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAus Holz entstehen nicht nur Zellstoff und Papier, sondern auch hochfeste funktionale Zellulosekomposite. Dabei bleibt im Prozess die natürliche hierarchische Struktur des Holzes mit seiner charakteristischen Vorzugsrichtung der Fasern erhalten.
Iupac Global Women‘s Breakfast in Weinheim: Netzwerktreffen für Frauen
Authors: Pecher Lisa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnter dem Motto „Empowering Women in Chemistry“ veranstalteten Wiley‐VCH und die GDCh Mitte Februar ein Netzwerk‐Event in Weinheim. Anlass war das Global Women‘s Breakfast der International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (Iupac). 45 Forscherinnen von deutschen Universitäten und aus der Industrie diskutierten gemeinsam mit 20 Wiley‐VCH‐Redaktionsmitgliedern über geschlechtsspezifische Herausforderungen in der Chemie und sammelten Ideen für eine faire Forschungs‐ und Publikationslandschaft.
Regionales Fonds‐Stipendiatentreffen an der Universität Bochum
Authors: Waffel Daniel , Sivendran Nardana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnfang Dezember lud Lukas Gooßen, Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für organische Chemie der Universität Bochum, zum regionalen Stipendiatentreffen in Bochum ein. Die Liebig‐ und Kekulé‐Stipendiaten nutzten diese Gelegenheit, ihre Arbeitsgebiete von Biochemie über (an‐)organische Chemie bis hin zur technischen und theoretischen Chemie vorzustellen und Kontakte zu knüpfen.
Does weather trigger urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome flares? A case‐crossover analysis in the multidisciplinary approach to the study of the chronic pelvic pain research network
Authors: Li Jieni , Yu Tiange , Javed Irum , Siddagunta Chaitanya , Pakpahan Ratna , Langston Marvin E. , Dennis Leslie K. , Kingfield Darrel M. , Moore David J. , Andriole Gerald L. , Lai H. Henry , Colditz Graham A. , Sutcliffe Siobhan ,   for the MAPP Research Network
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate whether meteorological factors (temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, ultraviolet index [UVI], and seasons) trigger flares in male and female urologic chronic pelvic pain patients.MethodsWe assessed flare status every 2 weeks in our case‐crossover study of flare triggers in the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain 1‐year longitudinal study. Flare symptoms, flare start date, and exposures in the 3 days preceding a flare or the date of questionnaire completion were assessed for the first three flares and at three randomly selected nonflare times. We linked these data to daily temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and UVI values by participants’ first 3 zip code digits. Values in the 3 days before and the day of a flare, as well as changes in these values, were compared to nonflare values by conditional logistic regression. Differences in flare rates by astronomical and growing seasons were investigated by Poisson regression in the full study population.ResultsA total of 574 flare and 792 nonflare assessments (290 participants) were included in the case‐crossover analysis, and 966 flare and 5389 nonflare (409 participants) were included in the full study analysis. Overall, no statistically significant associations were observed for daily weather, no patterns of associations were observed for weather changes, and no differences in flare rates were observed by season.ConclusionsWe found minimal evidence to suggest that weather triggers flares, although we cannot rule out the possibility that a small subset of patients is susceptible.
Predicting the Photoelectron Spectra of Quasi Octahedral Al6Mo‐ Cluster
Authors: Acioli Paulo H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe have recently developed a computational methodology to separate the effects of size, composition, symmetry and fluxionality in explaining the experimental photoelectron spectra of mixed‐metal clusters. This methodology was successfully applied first in explaining the observed differences between the spectra of Al13‐ and Al12Ni‐ and more recently to explain the measured spectra of AlnMo‐, n=3–5,7 clusters. The combination of our approach and new synthesis techniques can be used to prepare cluster‐based materials with tunable properties. In this work we use the methodology to predict the spectrum of Al6Mo‐. This system was chosen because its neutral counterpart is a perfect octahedron and it is distorted to a D3d symmetry and was not observed in the recent experiments. This high symmetry cluster bridges the less symmetric Al5Mo‐ and Al7Mo‐structures.The measured spectra of Al5Mo‐ has well defined peaks, while that of Al7Mo‐does not. This can be explained by the fluxionality of Al7Mo‐, as at least 6 different structures lie within the range that can be reached by thermal effects. We predict that Al6Mo‐ has well defined peaks, but some broadening is expected as there are two low‐lying isomers, one of D3d and the second of D3h symmetry that are only 0.052 eV apart.
Round‐robin weathering test of various polymeric back‐sheets for PV modules with different ultraviolet irradiation and sample temperatures
Authors: Koehl Michael , Hacke Peter , Wu Hung‐Sen , Zielnik Allen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDurability assessment of materials exposed to natural weathering with expected service lifetimes of more than 20 years requires accelerated testing of the UV stability, especially for polymeric materials. Fraunhofer ISE organized an interlaboratory comparison for testing different back‐sheets in various test laboratories using different UV sources. The five participating test laboratories used three different types of UV sources. The interaction of the UV radiation with the polymers used in PV modules is main subject of this round‐robin. Laminates were produced by using solar glass and a suitable EVA encapsulant combined with 10 different back‐sheets. The simultaneous usage of different optical filters allowed to investigate roughly the spectral sensitivity and the intensity impact.The degradation was followed by spectral reflectance and transmittance measurements and calculation of the yellowness index as degradation indicator. Clear differences in the degradation behavior of the different products were found.
Wer wird Meister?
Authors: Heuer Andreas 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Beschäftigung mit der möglichst optimalen Vorhersage von Fußballspielen liefert neue Einsichten. Mittels des statistischen Verfahrens der Minderungskorrektur können relevante Indikatoren identifiziert werden. Diese spiegeln zum einen möglichst gut die Leistungsstärke wider und enthalten zum anderen wenig Rauscheffekte. Anschließend können auf Basis der Leistungsstärken die systematischen Anteile individueller Spielergebnisse vorhergesagt werden. Die Zufallsbeiträge folgen in guter Näherung aus der Annahme unkorrelierter Poisson‐Verteilungen. Mit Elo‐Zahlen lässt sich auch der Ausgang der nun auf 2021 verschobenen Europameisterschaft statistisch untersuchen.
Uncovering the inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli in saline by atmospheric DBD plasma using ATR FT‐IR
Authors: Zhang Liyang , Wang Hao , Luo Haiyun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlasma–liquid interactions play an important role in plasma‐mediated bacterial inactivation. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy is employed to probe the molecular changes occurring in Escherichia coli suspension during the direct plasma treatment and subsequent after‐charge storage. The recorded spectra are correlated to the germicidal effect. Successive changes in protein secondary structures and DNA conformation are observed. It is found that spectral range around 1,345 cm−1 is most susceptible to plasma. With respect to after‐charge storage, it is shown that the cell debris is mainly composed of DNA/RNA and nitric acids with fewer proteins, and the leakage of cell inclusions becomes more severe with longer plasma treatment time. Morphology alteration revealed by transmission electron microscopy suggests cell membrane injuries and cell leakage, consistent with the FT‐IR results. All these findings indicate that cell membrane damage may be the principal cause of plasma‐induced inactivation.
Pulmonary function sequelae after respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in children: A systematic review
Authors: Verwey Charl , Nunes Marta C. , Dangor Ziyaad , Madhi Shabir A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) during early childhood may be associated with subsequent pulmonary sequelae, including recurrent wheezing and asthma. We undertook a systematic review to investigate the pulmonary function sequelae following RSV LRTI in the first 3 years of life. The systematic review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018087168). PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, as well as ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were searched up until 15 June 2019 for published and unpublished interventional and observational studies with the end‐point outcome of pulmonary function testing (PFT) after a proven RSV LRTI in the first 3 years of life. Two independent reviewers screened all the titles, abstracts and full texts. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction form. Corresponding authors were contacted for additional information if required. All studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Newcastle‐Ottawa quality assessment scale. The final analysis included 31 studies. Thirteen studies using spirometry reported no association between RSV LRTI and pulmonary function sequelae. The remaining 16 reported abnormal spirometry; 12 obstructive airways disease, three restrictive lung disease, and one mixed lung disease. The heterogeneity in PFT techniques, different ages at testing, and methods used for reporting outcomes made direct comparisons or pooled effect estimates impossible. Children with confirmed RSV LRTI during the first 3 years of life often have abnormal PFTs, favoring obstructive airways disease. The evidence, however, is not overwhelming with conflicting results between studies.
Static and dynamic postural control: Comparison between community old adults and people with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lazarotto Leilane , Bobbo Giovana Z. G. , Siega Juliana , da Silva Adriano Z. , Iucksch Dielise D. , Israel Vera L. , Bento Paulo C. B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo compare the static and dynamic postural control of people with Parkinson's disease and community old adults.MethodsThirty‐five people were in the Parkinson's disease group (PDG; 12 women, 62.4 ± 11.0 years, 77.9 ± 15.6 kg, 166.5 ± 11.0 cm, 27.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2, 1.9 ± 0.5 Hoehn & Yahr) and 32 were in the old adults group (OAG; 13 women, 69.5 ± 6.0 years, 74.2 ± 12.3 kg, 165.0 ± 8.3 cm, 27.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2). The static balance was measured on a force platform, three 30‐s trials in four conditions: feet side‐by‐side (FSBS) and semi‐tandem stance (ST) positioning, eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). The total sway path length (SPL), sway area (SA), anterior–posterior (APSR) and medial‐lateral (MLSR) sway range of the centre of pressure were obtained. Dynamic balance was assessed using the timed‐up‐and‐go test (TUG). For comparison between groups and repeated‐measures, a mixed‐design ANOVA was carried out and the Mann–Whitney U test to compare TUG between groups. The significance level was set at p ≤ .05.ResultsBetween groups, PDG presented higher mean values for SPL, APSR and SA in feet side‐by‐side eyes open compared to the OAG, for SPL in feet side‐by‐side eyes closed, for SPL and SA in STEO. For repeated‐measures, both groups had higher mean values in the EC condition compared to EO and MLSR compared to APSR. No significant difference was found between groups for TUG.ConclusionBalance disorders are found early in people with Parkinson's disease compared to healthy older adults. Thus, Parkinson's disease seems to advance the process of alterations in the postural control system.
Robust dynamic state feedback for underactuated systems with linearly parameterized disturbances
Authors: Franco Enrico , Rodriguez y Baena Ferdinando , Astolfi Alessandro 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the control problem for underactuated port‐controlled Hamiltonian systems with multiple linearly parameterized additive disturbances including matched, unmatched, constant, and state‐dependent components. The notion of algebraic solution of the matching equations is employed to design an extension of the interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control methodology that does not rely on the solution of partial differential equations. The result is a dynamic state‐feedback that includes a disturbance compensation term, where the unknown parameters are estimated adaptively. A simplified implementation of the proposed approach for underactuated mechanical systems is detailed. The effectiveness of the controller is demonstrated with numerical simulations for the magnetic‐levitated‐ball system and for the ball‐on‐beam system.
Singular L2‐gain control for switched nonlinear control systems under arbitrary switching
Authors: Wu Jenq‐Lang 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis article concerns with the synthesis of L2‐gain state feedback controllers, without the standard regular assumption, for multi‐input switched nonlinear control‐affine systems under arbitrary switching. A common control storage function approach is developed for deriving sufficient conditions for the existence of uniform L2‐gain controllers. Moreover, an explicit formula for constructing L2‐gain controllers is presented. A numerical example is given for illustration.
Delay‐dependent criteria for general decay synchronization of discontinuous fuzzy neutral‐type neural networks with time‐varying delays
Authors: Kong Fanchao , Sakthivel Rathinasamy 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis paper aims to investigate the general decay synchronization analysis of discontinuous fuzzy neutral‐type neural networks. Under the framework of Filippov solutions, based on functional differential inclusions theory, inequality technique and by constructing a modified delay‐dependent Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional, some new delay‐dependent criteria are provided to guarantee the general decay synchronization via the effective nonlinear feedback controller. The neural network model considered is more generalized, some previous fuzzy neural networks can be regard as the special cases. Moreover, some recent results on the delay‐independent criteria ensuring the general decay synchronization can also be extended and concluded. These can be seen from the given corollaries and remarks which are provided to make the comparisons and show the advantages. Finally, some numerical examples and simulations are provided to illustrate the correctness.
Improving the Catalytic Activity of Carbon‐Supported Single Atom Catalysts by Polynary Metal or Heteroatom Doping
Authors: Fan Mengmeng , Cui Jiewu , Wu Jingjie , Vajtai Robert , Sun Dongping , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSingle atom catalysts (SACs) are widely researched in various chemical transformations due to the high atomic utilization and catalytic activity. Carbon‐supported SACs are the largest class because of the many excellent properties of carbon derivatives. The single metal atoms are usually immobilized by doped N atoms and in some cases by C geometrical defects on carbon materials. To explore the catalytic mechanisms and improve the catalytic performance, many efforts have been devoted to modulating the electronic structure of metal single atomic sites. Doping with polynary metals and heteroatoms has been recently proposed to be a simple and effective strategy, derived from the modulating mechanisms of metal alloy structure for metal catalysts and from the donating/withdrawing heteroatom doping for carbon supports, respectively. Polynary metals SACs involve two types of metal with atomical dispersion. The bimetal atom pairs act as dual catalytic sites leading to higher catalytic activity and selectivity. Polynary heteroatoms generally have two types of heteroatoms in which N always couples with another heteroatom, including B, S, P, etc. In this Review, the recent progress of polynary metals and heteroatoms SACs is summarized. Finally, the barriers to tune the activity/selectivity of SACs are discussed and further perspectives presented.
Protein Encapsulation Using Complex Coacervates: What Nature Has to Teach Us
Authors: Blocher McTigue Whitney C. , Perry Sarah L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProtein encapsulation is a growing area of interest, particularly in the fields of food science and medicine. The sequestration of protein cargoes is achieved using a variety of methods, each with benefits and drawbacks. One of the most significant challenges associated with protein encapsulation is achieving high loading while maintaining protein viability. This difficulty is exacerbated because many encapsulant systems require the use of organic solvents. By contrast, nature has optimized strategies to compartmentalize and protect proteins inside the cell—a purely aqueous environment. Although the mechanisms whereby aspects of the cytosol is able to stabilize proteins are unknown, the crowded nature of many newly discovered, liquid phase separated “membraneless organelles” that achieve protein compartmentalization suggests that the material environment surrounding the protein may be critical in determining stability. Here, encapsulation strategies based on liquid–liquid phase separation, and complex coacervation in particular, which has many of the key features of the cytoplasm as a material, are reviewed. The literature on protein encapsulation via coacervation is also reviewed and the parameters relevant to creating protein‐containing coacervate formulations are discussed. Additionally, potential opportunities associated with the creation of tailored materials to better facilitate protein encapsulation and stabilization are highlighted.