bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aesthetic evaluation of the labiolingual position of maxillary lateral incisors by orthodontists and laypersons
Authors: Jiang Xue , Cao Zhiwei , Yao Yang , Zhao Zhihe , Liao Wen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundsThe maxillary anterior teeth play a crucial role in smile aesthetics. As for maxillary lateral incisors, most studies concentrated on its size, incisor edge level, inclination, et al. However, the aesthetic effect of lateral incisor movement in spatial position has not been studied yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the influence of labiolingual position of maxillary lateral incisors on the aesthetic perception of orthodontists and laypersons and different gender groups.MethodsA photograph of a male's smile was selected. iOrtho7.0 software (Time Angel, Wuxi, China) was used to edit the three dimensional (3D) dental models. By referring to the 3D models, the photograph was digitally processed to create seven images with different labiolingual positions of the maxillary lateral incisors in 0.5 mm increments (+ indicates labial movement and -indicates lingual movement). Eighty-six orthodontists and one hundred sixty-one laypersons were asked to evaluate images using a visual analog scale. Data were analyzed by Student t-test and One-way analysis of variance with post hoc test.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the perception of males and females (P > 0.05). Orthodontists assigned lower scores to all images than laypersons. +1.5 mm was considered as the least attractive smile by orthodontists while + 1.5 mm and − 1.5 mm were regarded as the least attractive ones by laypersons. 0 mm was rated the most attractive by all judges (P < 0.05). Between the 0 mm and − 0.5 mm, laypersons observed the difference but orthodontists did not.ConclusionsThe labiolingual position of maxillary lateral incisors does affect the perception of smile esthetics. Although orthodontists gave lower score to each image than laypersons.
Understanding the Regulatory Mechanisms of Endometrial Cells on Activities of Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells During Menstruation
Authors: Xu Shan , Chan Rachel W.S. , Li Tianqi , Ng Ernest H.Y. , Yeung William S.B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The identification of endometrial stem/progenitor cells in a high turnover rate tissue suggests that a well-orchestrated underlying network controls the behaviour of these stem cells. The thickness of the endometrium can grow from 0.5 – 1 mm to 5 – 7 mm within a week indicating the need of stem cells for self-renewal and differentiation during this period. The cyclical regeneration of the endometrium suggests specific signals can activate the stem cells during or shortly after menstruation. Methods: Endometrial mesenchymal stem-like cells (eMSCs) were cocultured with endometrial epithelial or stromal cells from different phases of the menstrual cycle, the clonogenicity and the phenotypic expression of eMSC markers (CD140b and CD146) were assessed. The functional role of WNT/β-catenin signalling on eMSC was determined by Western blot analysis, immunofluorecent staining, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR and small interfering RNA. The cytokine levels in the conditioned medium of epithelial or stromal cells cocultured with eMSCs was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Coculture of endometrial cells (epithelial or stromal) from the menstrual phase enhanced the clonogenicity and self-renewal activities of eMSCs. Such phenomenon was not observed in niche cells from the proliferative phase. Coculture with endometrial cells from the menstrual phase confirmed an increase in expression of active β-catenin in the eMSCs. Treatment with IWP-2, a WNT inhibitor suppressed the observed effects. Anti-R-spondin-1 antibody reduced the stimulatory action of endometrial niche cells on WNT/β-catenin activation in the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, the mRNA level and protein immunoreactivities of leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 were higher in eMSCs than unfractionated stromal cells. Conditioned media of endometrial niche cells cocultured with eMSCs contained increased levels of C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL5 and interleukin 6. Treatment with these cytokines increased the clonogenic activity and phenotypic expression of eMSCs. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a role of WNT/β-catenin signalling in regulating activities of endometrial stem/progenitor cells during menstruation. Certain cytokines at menstruation can stimulate the proliferation and self-renewal activities of eMSCs. Understanding the mechanism in the regulation of eMSCs may contribute to treatments of endometrial proliferative disorders such as Asherman’s Syndrome.
Thymosin alpha-1 Protected T Cells from Excessive Activation in Severe COVID-19
Authors: Yu Kuai , Wu Yongjian , He Jingjing , Liu Xuefei , Wei Bo , Wen Wen , Wen Xiaofeng , Xu Wenxiong , Dong Xingjun , Yan Yue , Li Shuo , Liao Shuangye , Gao Chenqi , Zhong Bei , Jiang Yongliang , Li Min , Bian Chaochao , Li Xiang , Li You , Liu Haiping , Chen Xiangqi , Zhao Qingyu , Xia Xiaojun , Liang Juanran , Zou Bin , Lin Bingliang , Xie Baosong , Wei Lai , Zuo Zhixiang , Zhou Haibo , Huang Xi , Zhou Penghui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Two typical features of uncontrolled inflammation, cytokine storm and lymphopenia, are associated with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), demonstrating that both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in the development of this disease. Recent studies have explored the contribution of innate immune cells to the pathogenesis of the infection. However, the impact of adaptive immunity on this disease remains unknown. In order to clarify the role of adaptive immune response in COVID-19, we characterized the phenotypes of lymphocytes in PBMCs from patients at different disease stages using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology. Dynamics of the effector cell levels in lymphocytes revealed a distinct feature of adaptive immunity in severely affected patients, the coincidence of impaired cellular and enhanced humoral immune responses, suggesting that dysregulated adaptive immune responses advanced severe COVID-19. Excessive activation and exhaustion were observed in CD8 T effector cells, which might contribute to the lymphopenia. Interestingly, expression of Prothymosin alpha (PTMA), the proprotein of Tα1, was significantly increased in a group of CD8 T memory stem cells, but not in excessively activated T cells. We further showed that Tα1 significantly promoted the proliferation of activated T cells in vitro and relieved the lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients. Our data suggest that protection of T cells from excessive activation might be critical for the prevention of severe COVID-19.
Decreased miR- 31 Suppress Cell Migration and Proliferation By Targeting Syncytin-1 in Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Jing , Luo Judong , Wang Feng , Cheng Zhiwen , Han Xia , Liu Changmin , Wang Zhenbo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer(PC) is seriously harmful to human health, and the pathogenesis is not clear. The present study aimed to explore the functional role of syncytin-1 in PC.Methods: Syncytin-1 and miR-31 expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis in both human PC cell lines and tissuse. The prognostic significance of syncytin-1 was investigated using the immunohistochemistry(IHC) and Kaplan-Meier survival. The CCK-8 assay and transwell assays were used to determine the role of syncytin-1 and miR-31 in cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Luciferase reporter assays was used to identify possible miRNA targets in tumorigenesis.Results: The results showed that the syncytin-1 level was significantly decreased in PC cell lines and tissues than normal(P < 0.05), while miR-31 was markedly higher than normal(P < 0.05), and low expression of syncytin-1 have a poor prognosis than high expression(P < 0.05). Overexpression of syncytin-1 significantly reduced the PC cell proliferation and invasion ability in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells(P < 0.05), and miR-31showed contrary results. The Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that miR-31 binded directly to 3’UTR of syncytin-1 and resulting in the inhibition of syncytin-1. The overexpression of miR-31 promoted migration and proliferation of PC cells through down-regulating the expression of syncytin-1.Conclusion: We verified that syncytin-1 can inhibit proliferation and invasion of PC cell lines by targeting miR-31.
Oral health status of Lisu 12-year-old children in the Yunnan province of China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Kitty Jieyi , Li Yuexiao , Xu Biao , Liu Juan , Li Yanhong , Zhang Shinan , Chu Chun Hung 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Lisu is an ethnic minority group living in Yunnan, a province in Southwest China. This study investigated the oral health status among 12-year-old Lisu children in Yunnan.
Method:
A multistage sampling method was adopted to recruit 12-year-old Lisu children from primary schools. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to the children to collect their sociodemographic background information and oral health-related behaviours. Two calibrated dentists performed the oral examinations in the primary schools. They examined dental caries, gingivitis and dental fluorosis using the diagnosis criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. A Chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney U test, zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.
Results
A total of 512 Lisu children were invited, and 482 children (48% boys) participated in the study (response rate: 94%). The caries prevalence was 35% and caries experience in mean (SD) DMFT scores was 0.63 (0.10). The mean (SD) DT score was 0.60 (1.10), consisting 95% of the mean DMFT scores. Gingivitis was found on 426 children (88%), while no dental fluorosis was observed. Results of ZINB model indicated sex and sugary-snacking habits were related to the dental caries experience (p < 0.05). The prevalence rate of gingivitis was associated with the mother’s education level, the child’s monthly-pocket money and daily toothbrushing frequency (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Dental caries and gingivitis were prevalent among 12-year-old Lisu children in the Yunnan province in China, and most of the decayed teeth were unrestored. Dental fluorosis was not observed in the children.
Analysis of clinical characteristics, nucleic acid detection and prognosis of 72 cases of common type Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) pneumonia in Hubei Province,China
Authors: Liao Jiangrong , Lou Yueyan , Lu Shuoyan , Xian Xueyun , Wu Xiulin , Zhao Daiwei , Luo Zhuwen , Wu Xueling 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To describe the clinical characteristics and the time of nucleic acid turning negative in patients with common type Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) pneumonia and analyze the treatment time and prognostic factors.Methods: It’s a retrospective analysis of 72 cases of common type COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosed by nucleic acid test and Computed tomography (CT).Results: The average time of nucleic acid test turning negative is 17.37±9.29 days, and the average treatment time was 23.74±8.06 days. There was no influence of Blood leukocyte count, Neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein (CRP), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), creatinine, D-dimer on the prognosis of the patients, whether univariate or multivariate logistic regression analysis. By χ2 test of the drugs and prognosis, we found that oseltamivir may have an impact on the prognosis of patients (P<0.05), while other drugs have no significant impact on the prognosis of patients. Through the correlation analysis, we found that age, the admission temperature, leukocyte count, neutrophil count, CRP were positively correlated with the treatment time of the patients (both P<0.05). Leukocyte count and neutrophil count were positively correlated with the time of nucleic acid test turning negative (both P<0.05).Conclusions: Age, the admission temperature, leukocyte count, neutrophil count, CRP were positively correlated with the treatment time of the patients. Leukocyte count and neutrophil count were positively correlated with the time of nucleic acid test turning negative. Oseltamivir may have an impact on the prognosis of patients, but the detailed role needs further study.
Mucosal healing is not associated with better outcome during seven years of follow-up in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Melek Jan , Štanclová Markéta , Dědek Petr , Štichhauer Radek , Koudelka Jaroslav , Douda Tomáš , Tachecí Ilja , Douda Ladislav , Vaňásek Tomáš , Pozler Oldřich , Bureš Jan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Mucosal healing (MH) has become a perspective treatment target in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Data about the impact of MH on long-term outcome in pediatric patients are still scarce.
Methods
76 pediatric patients with CD were evaluated retrospectively (2000–2015) in a tertiary care center. Based on MH achievement, they were divided into two groups (MH, n = 17 and No MH, n = 59). The primary endpoint was to assess the association of MH and the need for CD-related hospitalizations or surgery in pediatric patients with CD.
Results
The number of hospitalized patients was 24% in the MH group and 42% in the No MH group, P = 0.26. The total number of CD-related hospitalizations was not significant between the MH group and the No MH group (5 vs. 41, P = 0.15). The time to the first hospitalization was 24 months in MH and 21 months in No MH, p > 0.99. 24% patients in the MH group and 39% patients in the No MH group underwent CD-related operation, P = 0.39. Time to the first operation was 43 months for MH and 19 months for the No MH group, P = 0.13. The follow-up period was 91 months in the MH group and 80 months in the No MH group, P = 0.74. The use of infliximab was positively associated with MH, P = 0.002.
Conclusions
MH was not associated with fewer CD-related hospitalizations or operations in pediatric patients with CD during seven years of follow-up.
Changes of serum zinc-α2-glycoprotein level and analysis of its related factors in gestational diabetes mellitus:a cross-sectional study
Authors: Feng Caiying , You Jie , Chen Guixia , Su Hongli , Zhang Li , Cui Lingling , Li Zhonglei , Huang Guoling , Xu Dongmei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Previous studies have discovered that zinc-α2-glycoprotein is related to insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. The aim of the study is to explore the change of serum zinc-α2-glycoprotein(ZAG) and its related factors in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).
Methods

Eighty newly diagnosed GDM patients were enrolled in study group, and 80 normal pregnant women were selected as control group. The differences of baseline data between the two groups were compared, and the change of serum ZAG level and its relationship with related indexes was analyzed.
Results

Compared to control group, the level of serum ZAG in the study group decreased [(43.94 ± 14.51)mg/L vs. (62.57 ± 19.05)mg/L, P < 0.001]. Pearson correlation (or Spearman correlation) analysis showed that serum ZAG level was negatively correlated with FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR and TG (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with HDL(P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that HDL, FINS, HOMA-IR were independent factors of serum ZAG(P < 0.001).
Conclusion

The level of serum ZAG in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus decreased, and HDL, FINS and HOMA-IR are the influencing factors in study group.
Trial registration:

The study registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(Chi CTR2000028811).
Analysis of combined indicators for risk of osteoporotic hip fractures in elderly women
Authors: Zhao Jinhui , Shi Huipeng , Jiang Dajun , Wang Lingtian , Chen Shengbao , Jia Weitao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Hip fractures in the elderly population has become a global issue due to its high morbidity and mortality. Although an increasing number of researchers are devoting attention to identify risk factors in attempts to reduce the incidence of hip fractures in the elderly, only few studies have investigated combined indicators in elderly hip fractures. The objective of the present study was to compare the accuracy of combined independent risk factors in assessing the risk of hip fractures in elderly women.
Methods
Ninety elderly females who sustained hip fractures and 110 female outpatients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in our cross-sectional study. Bone mineral density (BMD), Beta-carboxy terminal telopeptide(β-CTX), N-terminal/mid region (N-MID), and 25(OH)D levels were analyzed. A novel evaluation model was established to evaluate combined indicators in assessing hip fractures in elderly women.
Results
Compared with the control group, taller height, higher levels of β-CTX, and lower levels of total hip BMD, femoral neck BMD, and 25(OH)D were found in the facture group. After adjustment for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis revealed that 25(OH)D, femoral neck BMD and height remained risk factors for hip fractures in elderly women. Then a model including independent risk factors was established. DeLong test showed the area under the ROC(AUC) of 25(OH)D was significantly greater than that for femoral neck BMD (p < 0.01) and height (p < 0.01). AUC of model including 25(OH)D and height was significantly greater than that of other combinations (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
25(OH)D, femoral neck BMD and height were associated with the occurrence of hip fractures in elderly women even after adjustment for confounding factors, and model including 25(OH)D and height could provide better associated power than other combinations in the assessment of elderly hip fractures. β-CTX and N-MID were not independent risk factors for hip fractures in elderly women.
Finite element analysis of a new internal fixation implant for Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures
Authors: Fan Zhirong , Su Haitao , Lin Zhou , Huang Huida , Zhou Junde , Peng Jiajie , Hong Weiwu , Jiang Tao , Liu Zitao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

The optimal treatment strategy for Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures remains controversial. A new internal fixation femoral neck system (FNS) for the treatment of femoral neck fractures was developed, and we compared the mechanical efficiency of the internal fixation FNS with that of two cannulated screw configurations for the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures.
Method:

In this study, we constructed models of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures with angles of 50°, 60°, and 70°. Moreover, a fixation model with the FNS and two fixation models with cannulated screws were developed. Under two axial loads, 1400 N and 2100 N, the von Mises stress distributions, maximum von Mises stress, and displacements of the femur and internal fixation components were measured for each fracture group.
Result

The maximum von Mises stress of internal fixation in the three models was mostly located near the fracture line, and the femoral head region closest to the femoral calcar experienced the maximum amount of stress. As the Pauwels angle and axial loads increased, the stress and displacement of the proximal femoral head and internal fixation component increased in each group. Compared with cannulated screw configurations, the internal fixation FNS showed lower values of peak stress at the femoral head and smaller displacements of the femur and internal implant in the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures with Pauwels angles of 50°, 60°, and 70°.
Conclusion

The newly developed internal fixation FNS provided improved biomechanical stability for the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures, which indicated that the internal fixation FNS may be a new option for the treatment of vertical femoral neck fractures.
Perioperative Evolution of Sodium Levels in Cirrhotic Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation: An Observational, Prospective Study
Authors: zamberg ido , Maillard Julien , Tomala Simon , Assouline Benjamin , Keli-Barcelos Gleicy , Aldenkortt Florence , Mavrakanas Thomas , Andres Axel , Schiffer Eduardo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background & Aims: Hyponatremia is an important predictor of early death among cirrhotic patients in the orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) waiting list. Evidence exists that prioritizing OLT waiting list according to the MELD score combined with plasma sodium concentration might prevent pretransplantation death. However, the evolution of plasma sodium concentrations during the perioperative period of OLT is not well known. We aimed to describe the evolution of perioperative sodium concentration during OLT and its relation to perioperative neurohormonal responses.Methods: Twenty-seven consecutive cirrhotic patients who underwent OLT were prospectively included in the study over a period of 27 months. We studied the evolution of plasma sodium levels, the hemodynamics, the neurohormonal response and other biological markers during the perioperative period of OLT.Results: All patients with a hyponatremia before OLT were in the Child C group. None of the patients had acute or chronic renal impairment. Interestingly, in patients with hyponatremia, plasmatic sodium reached normal levels as soon as the injured livers were removed during surgery and the plasma sodium concentration remained within normal ranges 1 day, 7 days, as well as 6 months after surgery.Conclusions: Further investigation of rapid correction and stabilization of sodium levels after OLT, as observed in our study, would be of interest in order to fully understand the mecanisms involved in cirrhosis related hyponatremia, its prognostic value and clinical implications.
Impact of Body Mass Index on the Mortality of Critically Ill Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study
Authors: Mahmoodpoor Ata , Karrubi Fahimeh , Hosseini Mohammad-Salar , Iranpour Afshin , Sanaie Sarvin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Obesity, a wide-ranging disorder all around the world, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the general population. Regarding the present controversies, this study aims to evaluate the possible association of body mass index (BMI) and mortality in patients admitted to intensive care units.Methods: During this cross-sectional study, all patients admitted to the intensive care unit of two university affiliated hospitals in northwest of Iran from November 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled. The demographic characteristics of patients, length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital, organ failure, mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation and vasopressor-therapy, type of nutrition, the occurrence of nosocomial infection, type of admission (medical, surgical, trauma) were recorded for all patients. According to the WHO classification of BMI, patients were divided into the six groups, and the data were analyzed accordingly.Results: Of the 502 patients studied, 267 were male (53.2%) and 235 were female (46.8%). The highest mortality rate was observed among the obesity class II patients (35 < BMI < 40) with 28.6%, while the lowest rate was observed in the normal-weight patients (18.5 < BMI < 25) with 3.9%. The highest length of hospital stay was seen in patients with BMI > 30 with 12 days of hospitalizations. APACHE II and waist circumference had a statistically significant relationship with the mortality rate of patients (P-value < 0.001).Conclusion: The current study showed that BMI could be related to mortality, regardless of waist circumference and APACHE II score. However, considering waist circumference and APACHE II score as confounding factors, BMI does not have a significant effect on mortality and only affect the morbidity of patients.