bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The length of AZT consumption and homocysteine levels are protective factors of macrocytic anemia among adult HIV-infected patients: A case-control study in Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Pertiwi Danis , Suradi - , Winarni Tri Indah , Probandari Ari Natalia 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Macrocytic anemia (MA) is the most common type of anemia in adult HIV-infected patient on azidothymidine (AZT) regimen. The common causes of MA are vitamin B12 and folate deficiency, marked by homocysteinemia. AZT consumption causes homocysteinemia is still controversial. This study aimed to determine the role of AZT consumption and homocysteinemia in developing MA.
Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study involving adult HIV-infected patient who administered AZT in 12 health care facilities in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Sociodemographic data were obtained through interviews and medical records, while laboratory data included hemoglobin level and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were measured using the automatic hematology analyzer. Homocysteine level was measured using immunoassay. WHO references was used to diagnose anemia. Macrocytic was determined when MCV >96 fl. The cut-off homocysteinemia was >10 μmol/L. Length of AZT consumption was classified into ≤6 months and >6 months. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression test.
Results: The population of this study was 503 adult HIVinfected on AZT regimen. In total, there were 116 subjects (age mean±SD: 41,9±9,4) who had MA and 116 controls (age mean±SD: 36,2±8,3) without anemia. Prevalence of anemia was 29.4% and the majority (78.4%) had MA. The odds of having MA among adult HIV infected patient on AZT regimen > 6 months was 0.25 times compared to patients who were on AZT regimen ≤6 months (95% CI 0.08-0.72, p=0.011), homocysteinemia was protective factor of MA (OR 0.43,95% CI 0.24-0.79, p=0.006).
Conclusion: The length of AZT consumption >6 months and homocysteinemia are protective factors of MA among adult HIV-infected patient.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.638-645
Do the Students have attitude to seek academic help? – A study among undergraduate students
Authors: J Umarani 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Seeking help when needed is an integral part of the learning process. How effectively the students seek help when they experience academic difficulties can influence their success in the University. Academic help-seeking is an useful strategy that promotes effective learning and benefits the students in academic excellence. The present study aimed to assess the attitude on academic help seeking behavior among nursing students.
Methods: The study was conducted among 96 first year B.Sc. Nursing students of a selected nursing college. The samples were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique. A self administered three point likert scale on attitude on academic help seeking was used to collect the data. The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.
Result: The item wise responses show that 82% of the students said sometimes they clarify the doubts with the teacher when they don’t understand the class, whereas 75% responded that they always ask with their friends. Majority refers in the library (93%) and search in the website (94%).Students responded to some factors which hinders them to seek help. With regard to the approach ability of teachers,17% always felt that the teachers are neither approachable nor friendly to seek help whereas, 45% felt sometimes felt, in addition to that 25% sometimes felt they don’t approach the teachers because they give importance only to the best students. Sixteen percent always felt that they were not given opportunity to express their academic problems. The overall results revealed that majority (59%) of the students had favorable attitude towards academic help seeking whereas 41% had neutral attitude and none of them had unfavorable attitude. It shows that the students have positive attitude to seek help for the academic problems.
Conclusion: The overall result shows that the students have favorable attitude towards academic help seeking. The factors influencing them not to seek help should be considered and as academician we must provide exemplary academic support for the success of every student. Academic help-seeking is an useful strategy that promotes effective learning and benefits the students in academic excellence.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.717-721
Study on the significance correlation between CEBPA and Calreticulin at mRNA level diagnosed in de nevo AML patients
Authors: Salarpour Fatemeh , Goudarzipour Kourosh , Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein , Hajifathali Abbas , Farsani Mehdi Allahbakhshian 
Published: April 2020

Objectives: Calreticulin (CALR) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) alpha (CEBPA) are two important multifunctional proteins which play different roles in regulation of hematopoiesis. Expressional changes of these genes were related to the malignancy.
Methods: The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of CALR and CEBPA genes in 96 de novo AML patients compared to 18 normal people as the control group through the Real-Time-PCR.
Results: Results of the present study revealed that the expression of these genes was significantly higher in patients with AML than the normal group (P <0.0001). Furthermore, there was a significant and positive correlation between CALR and CEBPA (P= 0.001 and r= 0.348).
Discussion: Higher level of CALR expression was expected, but the overexpression of CEBPA was on the contrary to its well-known role in the myeloid maturation. Based on the studies, CALR probably played roles in the expression of oncogenic CEBPA and it repressed the CEBPA translation in tumor suppressor gene (TSG).
Conclusion: The present study first indicated the over-expression of CALR in AML patients and compared it with the healthy normal control group and also found a positive relationship between CALR and CEBPA expression in the AML patients.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.730-736
Discharging dengue fever patients with low platelets can be safe
Authors: Devaraj Navin Kumar 
Published: April 2020

This is an interesting case of Mr MS who presented with 7 days of fever, loss of appetite and lethargy. Physical examination was unremarkable. Investigation revealed a very low platelet of 11 x 109/L and haematocrit of 46%. He was managed as outpatient and recovered well despite this alarming low platelet level, proving not all dengue fever patients ,especially those with no warning signs and clinically well, needs hospital admission.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.760-762
A Case Report on Small Cell Carcinoma with Bilateral Vocal Cord Palsy and Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Authors: Haque Md Azizul , Nayeem Mohammad , Ahamad Rizoana , Muna Kaniz Fatema 
Published: April 2020

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), previously known as oat cell carcinoma, is considered distinct from other lung cancers, which are called non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) because of their clinical and biologic characteristics. Small cell lung cancer is a neuroendocrine carcinoma that exhibits aggressive behavior, rapid growth, early spread to distant sites, excuisite sensitivity to chemotherapy and frequent association with distinct paraneoplastic syndromes, including syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production and many others. Approximately 98% of patients with small cell lung cancer have a smoking history. Here, we report a case of small cell lung cancer in a 70-year-old male presenting to us with bilateral vocal cord palsy and superior vena cava syndrome.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.769-771
GAMBARAN KESEJAHTERAAN SPIRITUAL PADA PASIEN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) DI RSUD Dr. M. YUNUS BENGKULU
Authors: Yustisia Nova , Aprilatutini Titin , Rizki Tiara Dwi 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRAKKesejahteraan spiritual merupakan salah satu faktor penunjang kesembuhan pasien. Kesejahteraan spiritual pada pasien CKD sangat penting untuk diperhatikan. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan jenis rancangan penelitian Studi Deskriptif Kuantitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Sampel yang diambil adalah 10 orang pasien CKD maksimal 8 kali yang melakukan hemodialisa. Instrument pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dari Ellison yaitu kuesioner Spiritual Well Being Scale (SWBS). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan lebih dari sebagian (60%) responden memiliki kesejahteraan spiritual dalam katagori baik. Responden dengan nilai kesejahteraan spiritual baik menganggap bahwa penyakitnya adalah ujian dari Tuhan dan merasa bahwa dibalik penyakitnya pasti ada hikmahnya dan hampir sebagian (40%) responden memiliki kesejahteraan spiritual dalam katagori kurang baik menunjukkan bahwa responden tidak menerima penyakitnya, responden mengatakan bahwa Tuhan itu tidak adil terhadapnya. Peneliti melihat dari wajah responden terlihat sedih, dan merasa putus asa akibat penyakit yang dideritanya. Jadi perlu peran perawat untuk memberi perhatian lebih khususnya pada kesejahteraan spiritual, agar terciptanya tingkat kesejahteraan spiritual pasien CKD yang lebih optimal. Kata Kunci : Kesejahteraan Spiritual, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Is epistemic safety threatened by Frankfurt cases? A reply to Kelp
Authors: Faria Domingos 
Published: April 2020

I intend to argue that the counterexamples inspired by the Frankfurt-type cases against the necessity of an epistemic safety condition for knowledge are not plausible. The epistemic safety condition for knowledge is a modal condition recently supported by Sosa (2007) and Pritchard (2015), among others, and can be formulated as follows: (SC) If S knows that p on basis B, then S’s true belief that p could not have easily been false on basis B. I will try to argue that the safety condition, expressed in (SC), is still necessary for knowledge and that, therefore, epistemic safety is not threatened by Frankfurt-type cases. In particular, I want to show that Kelp’s counterexamples are ineffective against (SC).
Teores e acúmulos de macro e micronutrientes em abóbora italiana sob deficiências nutricionais
Authors: Coelho Viviane Amaral Toledo , Souza Carla Giselly de , Nascimento Ednardo de Souza , Lacerda Luiza Gobira , Cardoso Patricia Alves 
Published: April 2020

A identificação de deficiências nutricionais é uma importante ferramenta para auxiliar o manejo da adubação nas diversas culturas, pois possibilita diagnosticar no campo e assim direcionar ações para comprovar e corrigir a deficiência de algum nutriente. Deste modo, esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os teores e acúmulos de macro e micronutrientes sob deficiências nutricionais. Foi realizado um experimento em delineamento em DIC, com três repetições e doze parcelas experimentais. As produções de matéria seca, os teores e acúmulos nutricionais da parte aérea de abóbora italiana sob diferentes omissões apresentaram diferentes estatísticas entre si. Os teores de macronutrientes encontrados na parte areia de abóbora italiana é nas plantas do tratamento completo são (g kg-1): P 4,87, K 24,20; Ca 39,54; Mg 5,05 e S 4,13. Os teores dos micronutrientes encontrados na parte aérea de abóbora italiana do tratamento completo são (mg kg-1): Cu 7,71; Fe 182,27; Mn 418,59 e Zn 70,31. A omissão de nutrientes em abóbora italiana acarreta em desbalanço nutricional das plantas.
Aprendizagem significativa no ensino de Química: uma abordagem ciência, tecnologia e sociedade
Authors: Giffoni Joel de Sousa , Barroso Maria Cleide da Silva , Sampaio Caroline de Gois 
Published: April 2020

No presente artigo é realizado uma revisão de literatura sobre aprendizagem significativa e sobre a abordagem CTS/CTSA (ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente), onde os conceitos são organizados em um planejamento pedagógico que irá produzir um método de ensino. Tem como objetivo apresentar uma relação entre uma aprendizagem com estrutura cognitiva lógica, onde seja efetuado uma conscientização social utilizando a temática CTSA. A metodologia é constituída de revisão de literatura, um estudo teórico. E por fim, apresenta a validação da literatura, propondo uma aprendizagem significativa em química por meio da abordagem CTSA. A forma proposta seria usando os três momentos pedagógicos de Delizaoicov.
Resposta terapêutica da cisteamina no tratamento do melasma
Authors: Costa Franciely Vanessa , Souza Letícia Silva de , Conradesque Pâmela Raquel , Carniel Priscila 
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar de que forma o uso da cisteamina no tratamento do melasma vem sendo trabalhado na literatura. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo revisão integrativa para identificação de produções sobre temas associados ao tratamento tópico do melasma com a cisteamina. A busca dos artigos foi através das bases de dados Scopus, Science Direct e Pubmed com a utilização dos termos: “melasma” e “cysteamine” e termos correspondentes no português. A pesquisa obedeceu aos critérios de inclusão: a) artigos b) estar disponível em texto completo c) recorte temporal de 01/01/2010 à 31/03/2020 d) estudos disponíveis nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol. Como critérios de exclusão, foram desconsiderados os textos que não tinham relação com a temática ou apresentaram duplicatas. Do montante de 11 artigos apresentados, 6 foram selecionados por afinidade à temática de busca, sendo 5 artigos excluídos pelos critérios supracitados. A resposta terapêutica da cisteamina para o tratamento do melasma é positiva, reduzindo as lesões hiperpigmentadas e com efeitos adversos controláveis com a duração do tratamento. Não foram encontradas evidências do uso da cisteamina associada a outros ativos ou procedimentos dermatológicos.
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VII3 SMP NEGERI 4 PEKANBARU
Authors: Helmawati  , Yurhagusfiani  , Anggraini Rini Dian 
Published: April 2020

This research aimed to improve the learning process and improved the student’s mathematic achievement through the implementation of problem based learning. The research was the classroom action research with two cycles. The research was conducted in student of class VII3 SMPN 4 Pekanbaru in odd semester of the 2018/2019 academic year with the subject is 38 students. The research instruments consist of learning devices and data collector instrument. Learning devices consists of the syllabus, lesson plan and student worksheet. The data collector instrument consists of the observation sheet and mathematics test. Technique of data analysis is analysis of narrative descriptive and analysis of statistical descriptive. The result of the research show that the learning process has improved and the student’s mathematic achievement has improved after applying the problem based learning model. The percentage of student who achieve minimal completeness criteria on first cycle was 68,42% and the second cycle was 78,94% which greater than the percentage of student who achieve minimal completeness criteria before implementation of problem based learning that only 44,73%. Therefore, the problem based learning can be used as an alternative in learning.
PENERAPAN PBL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS X TKR 1 SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 1 PEKANBARU
Authors: Andesma Tia , Anggraini Rini Dian 
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to improve the learning process and the student’s mathematical problem solving skill by applying Problem Based Learning (PBL)l. This type of study is classroom action research with two cycles. This study was conducted in collaboration between researcher and teacher of mathematics. Subjects were students of class X TKR 1 SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Pekanbaru. The study was conducted in the second semester of academic year 2018/2019. The research instrument consists of mathematical learning instruments and instruments to collect data. Mathematical learning instruments are syllabus, lesson plans, and students’ worksheets. Data collection instruments are observation sheets and mathematical problem solving tests. Data analysis techniques are analysis descriptive narrative of qualitative data and descriptive statistical analysis of quantitative data. The result of this study showed that the implementation of PBL improved the learning process and the student’s mathematical problem solving skill. The average of student’s mathematical problem solving skill in firts cycle which is 72,09 had improved to 85,67 in second cycle. The improvement also found in the indicator average value in identifying the problem, devising a plan to solve the problem, carrying out the plan to solve the problem, and interpreting the solution. This study concludes that the implementation of PBL improved the student’s mathematical problem solving skill at class X TKR 1 SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Pekanbaru. PBL can be used as an alternative to learning, because through this learning can improve mathematical problem solving skill of the students.
Diseño de la torre y elementos auxiliares del sistema de atirantamiento del viaducto de Almonte
Authors: Martínez Salcedo José , Muñoz García José Enrique 
Published: April 2020

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El diseño de proyecto de la torre de atirantamiento para la ejecución del arco del Viaducto de Almonte fue modificado con objeto de optimizar su fabricación y sobre todo para mejorar el ajuste del sistema de tirantes. La principal singularidad del nuevo diseño fue la conexión al tablero de hormigón en donde se cambió el empotramiento por una articulación separando así el funcionamiento de la torre y del tablero. La articulación abrió nuevas posibilidades de montaje de la torre que se fabricó en posición horizontal sobre el tablero y luego se izó de un modo también singular: el sistema biela-deslizadera.
تعليم اللغة العربية لأغراض أكاديمية في برنامج الكثف
Authors: Fareh Muhammad 
Published: April 2020

البرامج لتعليم العربية لأغراض خاصة هي البرامج النوعية التى ينخرط فيها جمهور ذو طبيعة خاصة وحاجات محددة، تعليم اللغة لأغراض خاصة، مدخل لتعليم اللغة تستند كافة عناصره، من أهداف ومحتوى وطريقة تدريس، إلى الأسبـاب التي دفعت الدارسين لتعلم اللغة.ويهدف هذا البحث إلى وصف مشكلات تعليم اللغة العربية لأغراض أكاديمية في برنامج المكثف لتعليم اللغة العربية لدي طلبة كلية التربية الإسلامية بجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم بمالانج، وتقديم حلولها. والمنهج المستخدم في هذا البحث هو منهج الوصفي حيث يستخدمه الباحث لوصف مشكلات تعليم اللغة العربية لأغراض أكاديمية في برنامج المكثف لتعليم اللغة العربية لدي طلبة كلية التربية الإسلامية بجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم بمالانج وقد جمع الباحث البيانات باستعمال طريقة الملاحظة لعملية التعليم والمقابلة مع المدرس والدارس.وأبرز نتيجة البحث-على وجه العموم- هو أن العملية التعليمية تحتاج إلى تحسين في بعض الأمور مثل ضعف المدرس لمهارة وفن التدريس وعدم تنظيم التعليم الجيد واخلاف خلفية الطلاب وعدم موقف التعليم الجيد وعدم الكتاب الخاص عن تعليم اللغة العربية لأغراض أكادمية، وقلة وسائل التعلم وتجمد طريقة التعليم. وأن جودة تعليم اللغة العربية لأغراض أكاديمية تتعلق كثيرا بتوفر كفاءة المدرس وإيجاد موقف التعليم واختيار المادة واستخدام طرائق التعليم المناسب لحوائج الطلاب.
IMPROVEMENT OF TEACHER’S ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR THROUGH TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS
Authors: Nuryani Nunung , Hidayat Nandang , Suharyati Henny 
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to show Teacher’s Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) that can be improved by examining variables such as Transformational Leadership and Interpersonal Communication. This study uses a survey method with a correlational approach. The number of samples used was 104 people by using proportional random sampling technique. Based on the results of the study it is concluded that: (1) there is a very significant positive relationship between the Principal Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of teachers with a simple linear regression equation Ŷ = 99.53 + 0.32 X1 and the correlation coefficient value ry.1 = 0.417. The coefficient of determination r2y.1 = 0.174 means that the Transformational Leadership (X1) contributes to the teacher's Organizational Citizenship Behavior by 17.40%, (2) there is a very significant positive relationship between Interpersonal Communication with Organizational Citizenship Behavior teachers with simple linear regression equations Ŷ = 100.44 + 0.29 X2 and the correlation coefficient ry.2 = 0.349, and the coefficient of determination r2y.2 = 0.116 which means that the contribution of Interpersonal Communication (X2) to the Organizational Citizenship Behavior of the teacher is 19.60%, (3) there is a very significant positive relationship between Transformational Leadership and Interpersonal Communication together with the Organizational Citizenship Behavior of teachers with the multiple linear regression equation Ŷ = 77.25 +0.27 X1 +0.21 X2 and the correlation coefficient value ry.12 = 0.152. The coefficient of determination r2y.12 = 0.390 means that the Principal Transformational Leadership (X1) and Interpersonal Communication (X2) together contribute to the Organizational Citizenship Behavior of teachers (Y) by 15.20%.
تأسيس أصول التفسير وصلته بمنظور البحث الأصولي
Authors: الحاج عبدالرحمن 
Published: April 2020

لا يكتسب البحث في أصول التفسير أهميته من منظور علمي وحسب، حيث إنهُ لا يزال علماً غير مكتمل أو غير واضح المعالم، بل يكتسب أهميته فوق ذلك من التفكير في مشروع النهضة والإصلاح الإسلامي، وكون موضوعه (فهم القرآن الكرم) المصدر الأول لكل تفكير في هذا المشروع، والعودة إلى هذا المصدر هو حاجة معرفية وتاريخية لتجاوز ثقل الثقافة التاريخية وفهومها التي تفصل بيننا وبين النص الكريم؛ ثم هو "تقليد" سارت عليه كل حركات الإصلاح الديني والسياسي في تاريخ الحضارة الإسلامية، فكل تفكير بالنهضة لا بد أن يتخذ موقفاً تجاه النص الكريم وفهماً يسوًغ رؤيته، ولكن الحقيقة المؤسفة أن البحث في أصول التفسير ما زال حتى اليوم في بدايته.
وعلى الرغم من أن التفسير أول العلوم الإسلامية وجوداً[1] إلا أنه كان آخرها بلورةً على مستوى التأسيس النظري والتقعيد؛ إذ لم يتم بحث
<<قواعد كلية للتفسير[2]>> بشكل مستقل حتى مطلع القرن الخامس- والمفارقة أن فهم[3] القرآن كان السبب الرئيس لنشأة العلوم العربية برمًتها، والتي تبلورت معظمها في القرن الثاني ومطلع القرن الثالث الهجريين- عندما ألف أبو النصر الحدادي (توفى مطلع القرن الخامس) كتابه ...
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التفسير الإسلامي للتاريخ المسوغات والأطروحات والإشكالات المنهجية
Authors: أبو شوك أحمد ابراهيم 
Published: April 2020

الأدعاء بأن التاريخ منهج واحد، يمكن من خلاله الوصول إلى الوقائع التاريخية الثابتة، وتصويرها تصويراً علمياً مجرداً، لا علاقة له بمعتقدات المؤرخ، أو أرائه الفلسفية، أو قيمه خلقية، أو اهدافه الذاتية، أو حقبته التاريخية، أو بيئته الثقافية، هو ادعاء يفتقر إلى الموضوعية، ويقود إلى الأعتقاد بأن قضية المنهجية التاريخية حسمت من قبلن ولم تعد تحتاج إلى نظرة جديدة، إلا ان هذا الأدعاء يخالف واقع الحال، علماً بأن معظم المناهج البحثية الخاصة بتفسير التاريخ البشري قد تشكلت بنيتها التحتية وفق منطلقات أيدولوجية معينة، لها نظرتها الخاصة لطبيعة العلاقة الجدلية بين الإنسان، والكون، والظروف البيئية المحيطة به، وكيفية تفسير العوامل الثابتة والمتغيرة التي تحكم حركة التاريخ البشري والعمران الأجتماعي. وانطلاقاً من هذه الزاوية يمكننا أن نصنف التفسير الإسلامي للتاريخ داخل هذا الإطار الأيدولوجي، ونميزه من التفسيرات الوضعية الأخرى، لأنه يستند إلى مقررات ربانية مستمدة من القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية الشريفة، وتطبيقات بشرية قائمة على مدى فهم أصحاب هذا التفسير لهذه المقررات، وكيفية توضيفها في منظومة منهجية تصلح لقراءة التاريخ البشري، وتحليل وقائعه. إذاً التفسير الإسلامي للتاريخ وجزئياته، كما يرى محمد قطب، هو اجتهاد بشري، يخطيء ويصيب، ويكون دائماً عرضة للمناقشة والتصويب ككل فكر يصدر عن الإنسان، ولكن يضل تفسيراً له ميزاته الخاصة التي تدور في فلك المقررات الربانية التي تجعله أكثر موثوقية من التفسيرات العلمانية الاخرى[1].
وعلى هدي هذه الفرضيات يناقش هذا البحث المسوغات الفكرية التي أفضت إلى ظهور التفسير الإسلامي للتاريخ (أو أسلمة علم التاريخ) في النصف الأخير من القرن العشرين للميلاد، ويحلل الأطروحات الإسلامية التي قدمت في هذا الشأن كبدائل للأطروحات الغربية الخاصة بتفسير التاريخ البشري، ثم يستعرض الإشكاليات المنهجية التي تواجه هذه الاطروحات، وكيفية ...
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