bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of micrometeoroid/orbital debris penetrations on the International Space Station
Authors: Evans Hilary J. , Hyde James L. , Christansen Eric L. , Lear Dana M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Risk from micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) impacts on space vehicles is often quantified in terms of the probability of no penetration (PNP). However, for large spacecraft, especially those with multiple compartments, a penetration may have a number of possible outcomes. The extent of the damage (diameter of hole, crack length or penetration depth), the location of the damage relative to critical equipment or crew, crew response, and even the time of day of the penetration are among the many factors that can affect the outcome. For the International Space Station (ISS), a Monte-Carlo style software code called Manned Spacecraft Crew Survivability (MSCSurv) is used to predict the probability of several outcomes of an MMOD penetration—broadly classified as loss of crew (LOC), crew evacuation (EVAC), loss of escape vehicle (LEV), and nominal end of mission (NEOM). By generating large numbers of MMOD impacts (typically in the hundreds of billions) and tracking the consequences, MSCSurv allows for the inclusion of a large number of parameters and models as well as enabling the consideration of uncertainties in these models and parameters. MSCSurv builds upon the results from NASA’s Bumper software (which provides the probability of penetration and critical input data to MSCSurv) to allow analysts to estimate the probability of LOC, EVAC, LEV, and NEOM. This paper provides an overview of the methodology used by NASA to quantify LOC, EVAC, LEV, and NEOM with particular emphasis on describing in broad terms how MSCSurv works and its capabilities and most significant models.
Prediction of Micrometeoroid Damage to Lunar Construction Materials using Numerical Modeling of Hypervelocity Impact Events
Authors: Allende Maria I. , Miller Joshua E. , Davis B. Alan , Christiansen Eric L. , Lepech Michael D. , Loftus David J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Constructing a human-occupied Lunar base presents a unique civil engineering challenge; the resources to make conventional construction materials are unavailable. One approach, known as in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), proposes transforming local resources into construction materials [1,2]. One of the Moon’s most abundant resources is the unconsolidated surface “soil”, known as regolith. Several methods for transforming regolith into useful engineering elements, known as regolith stabilization, have been proposed and are the subjects of ongoing research efforts [e.g., 3-9]. One class of stabilized regolith material, Biopolymer-Bound Soil Composites (BSC), consists of regolith mixed with a small amount of biopolymer binding agent (10% w/w). BSC compares favorably to other stabilized regolith materials because it does not require high temperature or high energy input and uses a relatively small fraction of binder to achieve an average compressive strength of 20 MPa.
Size scaling of crater size, ejecta mass, and momentum enhancement due to hypervelocity impacts into 2024-T4 and 2024-T351 aluminum
Authors: Walker James D. , Chocron Sidney , Grosch Donald J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Momentum enhancement occurs when impactors strike objects at hypervelocities due to the formation of crater ejecta whose departure from the impact body impart more momentum to the impacted body. In previous work the momentum enhancement caused when metals, rock, and pumice were impacted have been examined [1-7]. Momentum enhancement is quantified by β, which is the ratio of the resulting target momentum by the impactor momentum. By quantifying momentum enhancement it is possible to make informed decisions about the use of hypervelocity impactors to deflect celestial bodies such as asteroids or comet nuclei.
Numerical study of dynamic behavior of foams subjected to high- to hyper-velocity impact
Authors: Zhang Xiaotian , Wang Ruiqing , Li Q.M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hypervelocity tests and numerical studies have been reported in the literature for aluminum foam to show its potential applications in spacecraft shielding against space debris based on “shielding set-up”. Meanwhile the “forward impact” set-up has been widely reported in the literature to study the dynamic behavior of the foam materials in the range of low to intermediate impact velocities. This paper extends the forward impact to high- and hyper-velocity impacts to understand the dynamic deformation and failure mechanisms based on numerical simulation. The focused impact velocity range is from about 1km/s to 6km/s. The cell-based numerical model of the foam material is used along with the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method to simulate the deformation and the failure process. The failure of the foam materials in the range of intermediate to high impact velocities is related to the plastic yielding and crushing of the foam cell, while that in the hypervelocity impact regime is related to the cell material erosion. Dynamic effects in different impact velocity ranges also lead to shock and strain-rate effects. Understanding of the dependence of the deformation/failure mechanisms on the impact velocity helps to determine the application of foam materials in the relevant range of impact velocities.
Filling the Gap between Hypervelocity and Low Velocity Impacts
Authors: Arnold Werner , Hartmann Thomas , Rottenkolber Ernst 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
During more than one decade of studying initiation phenomenology numerous papers at the previous HVIS and other symposia ([1] - [12]) were published. Most of them dealt with the hypervelocity impact initiation of plastic bonded high explosive charges by shaped charge jets (SCJ) and a few ones reported results in the ordnance velocity impact regime with STANAG projectiles and explosively formed projectiles (EFP) ([2] & [11]). A recent finding of our investigations of shaped charge jet (SCJ) attacks suggests that the critical stimulus S = v2∙d (v = SCJ / projectile velocity; d = SCJ / projectile diameter) for the initiation of a munition can no longer be seen as a constant (S ≠ const.) ([11] & [10]). Also, known equations, e.g. Jacobs-Roslund [13], are not capable to describe low velocity and hypervelocity impacts with the same parameter set.
Study on the explosion-proof performance of polyurea-reinforced masonry walls with different spraying methods
Authors: Shang Wei , Zu Xu-dong , Huang Zheng-xiang , Shen Wen-ni 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Based on the propagation theory of blast waves and the strain rate effect of polyurea, the explosion-proof performance of polyurea-reinforced masonry walls with different spraying methods is discussed in this paper. The impact fracture of masonry walls after contact explosion was analyzed, and the fracture results of a blast wave on polyurea-reinforced masonry walls with different spraying methods were predicted. Furthermore, explosion-proof experiments of a standard masonry wall (2m×1.2m×0.37m) under three conditions including non-sprayed, back surface sprayed polyurea and double-sided sprayed polyurea were carried out to verify the theoretical predictions. Finally, the impact fracture results of standard masonry walls after a 1 kg TNT contact explosion under the three conditions were obtained. The test results were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. It clearly demonstrated that polyurea coating can significantly improve the explosion-proof performance of masonry walls, and double-sided sprayed showed better explosion-proof performance than back surface sprayed at the same coating thickness.
Characterization of the ballistic properties of ejecta from laser shock-loaded samples using high resolution picosecond imaging
Authors: Sollier Arnaud , Lescoute Emilien 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Anticipating the generation of high velocity debris from shock-loaded specimens and the damage that their impacts may cause to nearby equipment is a major safety issue in applications involving shock waves, such as pyrotechnics [1] or inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments on large scale laser facilities [2]. Microjetting is one of the processes governing such debris generation. It is due to the interaction of a shock wave with a free surface presenting geometrical defects such as pits, cavities, scratches, or grooves, leading to material ejection from these defects, in the form of thin jets expanding ahead of the main surface and breaking up into small particles [3]. Over the last few years, we have used laser shock loading in order to expand microjetting investigations over ranges of small spatial scales (μm scale), extremely high loading rates (~ 107 s-1) and very short pressure pulses (a few ns) [4-11]. Optical shadowgraphy and Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) have been used to measure both jet tip and planar surface velocities [4-6], while attempts to infer fragments size distributions, to be compared with model predictions, have been made using either fast transverse shadowgraphy [7] or ejecta recovery [8]. More recently, picosecond x-ray radiography has been used to provide estimates of the density gradients along the jets and of the total ejected mass at different times after shock breakout [9-11]. Here, we present the development of a new picosecond laser imaging diagnostic intended to overcome the limitations of our current transverse optical shadowgraphy setup. We describe our experimental setup and show the results of our first experiments performed using both visible (532 nm) and UV (355 nm) lightning of the sample. These results are compared to those obtained at LANL under high explosive loading using ultraviolet in-line Fraunhofer holography [12], and also to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations performed by our colleagues at lower space and time scales [15-18].
Higher-order finite elements for lumped-mass explicit modeling of high-speed impacts
Authors: Browning Robert S. , Danielson Kent T. , Adley Mark D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Classical finite element analysis (FEA) continues to be a primary computational method of choice for most solid mechanics applications and the explicit method is significantly used in the defense industry for high-speed impact analysis. The explicit lumped-mass approach, without a stiffness matrix, is well suited for rapidly changing/high rate short duration applications, but can produce distinct nuances and severely affect element performances differently than in typical static/implicit methods. In contrast to automatic tetrahedral meshing approaches applied to the entire volume, hexahedral-dominant modeling methods (e.g., [1-3]) attempt to mesh with all hexahedral elements and then automation with other element types is applied only to regions where the Hex mesher has trouble. The methods typically use wedge and/or pyramid elements to transition from hexahedral elements to fill volumes with other types. This results in models that typically have much fewer elements than with “all-Tet” approaches and generally contain the more desirable hex elements in large regions of the mesh. In this paper, the four 2nd order element types depicted in Fig. 1 are used, which authors [4-6] have found to mass lump well for explicit methods and have well-defined contact Fig. 1. 15-node tetrahedron, 19-node pyramid, 21-node wedge, and 27-node hexahedron type finite element topologies used in this paper; serendipity element versions are obtained by omitting the nodes on all faces and at the centroid
First Report of Candidemia Clonal Outbreak Caused by Emerging Fluconazole-Resistant Candida parapsilosis Isolates Harboring Y132F and/or Y132F+K143R in Turkey
Authors: Arastehfar Amir , Daneshnia Farnaz , Hilmioğlu-Polat Suleyha , Fang Wenjie , Yaşar Melike , Polat Furkan , Metin Dilek Yeşim , Rigole Petra , Coenye Tom , Ilkit Macit , Pan Weihua , Liao Wanqing , Hagen Ferry , Kostrzewa Markus , Perlin David S. , Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Boekhout Teun 
Published: July 2020

Clonal outbreaks of fluconazole-resistant (FLZR)
Candida parapsilosis
isolates have been reported in several countries. Despite its being the second leading cause of candidemia, the azole resistance mechanisms and the clonal expansion of FLZR
C. parapsilosis
blood isolates have not been reported in Turkey. In this study, we consecutively collected
C. parapsilosis
blood isolates (
n
= 225) from the fifth largest hospital in Turkey (2007 to 2019), assessed their azole susceptibility pattern using CLSI M27-A3/S4, and sequenced
ERG11
for all and
MRR1
,
TAC1
, and
UPC2
for a selected number of
C. parapsilosis
isolates.
Changing hospital organisational culture for improved patient outcomes: developing and implementing the leadership saves lives intervention
Authors: Linnander Erika , McNatt Zahirah , Boehmer Kasey , Cherlin Emily , Bradley Elizabeth , Curry Leslie 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundLeadership Saves Lives (LSL) was a prospective, mixed methods intervention to promote positive change in organisational culture across 10 diverse hospitals in the USA and reduce mortality for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Despite the potential impact of complex interventions such as LSL, descriptions in the peer-reviewed literature often lack the detail required to allow adoption and adaptation of interventions or synthesis of evidence across studies. Accordingly, here we present the underlying design principles, overall approach to intervention design and core content of the intervention.Methods of intervention developmentHospitals were selected for participation from the membership of the Mayo Clinic Care Network using random sampling with a purposeful component. The intervention was designed based on the Assess, Innovate, Develop, Engage, Devolve model for diffusion of innovation, with attention to pressure testing of the intervention with user groups, creation of a think tank to develop a comprehensive assessment of the landscape, and early and continued engagement with strategically identified stakeholders in multiple arenas.ResultsWe provide in-depth descriptions of the design and delivery of the three intervention components (three annual meetings of all hospitals, four rounds of in-hospital workshops and an online community), designed to equip a guiding coalition within each site to identify and address root causes of AMI mortality and improve organisational culture.ConclusionsThis detailed practical description of the intervention may be useful for healthcare practitioners seeking to promote organisational culture change in their own contexts, researchers seeking to compare the results of the intervention with other leadership development and organisational culture change efforts, and healthcare professionals committed to understanding complex interventions across healthcare settings.
Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular involvement in hospitalised patients with COVID-19
Authors: Pagnesi Matteo , Baldetti Luca , Beneduce Alessandro , Calvo Francesco , Gramegna Mario , Pazzanese Vittorio , Ingallina Giacomo , Napolano Antonio , Finazzi Renato , Ruggeri Annalisa , Ajello Silvia , Melisurgo Giulio , Camici Paolo Guido , Scarpellini Paolo , Tresoldi Moreno , Landoni Giovanni , Ciceri Fabio , Scandroglio Anna Mara , Agricola Eustachio , Cappelletti Alberto Maria 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence, characteristics and prognostic value of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in hospitalised, non-intensive care unit (ICU) patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsThis single-centre, observational, cross-sectional study included 211 patients with COVID-19 admitted to non-ICU departments who underwent a single transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Patients with poor acoustic window (n=11) were excluded. Clinical, imaging, laboratory and TTE findings were compared in patients with versus without PH (estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure >35 mm Hg) and with versus without RVD (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion <17 mm or S wave <9.5 cm/s). The primary endpoint was in-hospital death or ICU admission.ResultsA total of 200 patients were included in the final analysis (median age 62 (IQR 52–74) years, 65.5% men). The prevalence of PH and RVD was 12.0% (24/200) and 14.5% (29/200), respectively. Patients with PH were older and had a higher burden of pre-existing cardiac comorbidities and signs of more severe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (radiological lung involvement, laboratory findings and oxygenation status) compared with those without PH. Conversely, patients with RVD had a higher burden of pre-existing cardiac comorbidities but no evidence of more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with those without RVD. The presence of PH was associated with a higher rate of in-hospital death or ICU admission (41.7 vs 8.5%, p<0.001), while the presence of RVD was not (17.2 vs 11.7%, p=0.404).ConclusionsAmong hospitalised non-ICU patients with COVID-19, PH (and not RVD) was associated with signs of more severe COVID-19 and with worse in-hospital clinical outcome.Trial registration numberNCT04318366
A Aplicabilidade da Convenção n.º 105 da OIT
Authors: Nagasaki Jéssica , Assis Ana , Figueiredo Eduardo 
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a aplicabilidade da Convenção nº 105 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) em relação ao contingente imigratório de venezuelanos no Brasil. Justifica-se o tema, pois visa identificar se o país cumpre os compromissos assumidos em âmbito internacional (OIT e Mercosul), na erradicação ao trabalho análogo ao escravo e promoção do trabalho decente. A metodologia empregada é a explicativa, vinculada ao procedimento técnico da combinação de propostas investigativas, sendo bibliográfica e análise de documentos internacionais ratificados pelo Brasil, juntamente com notícias reportadas pelos canais de comunicação, órgãos públicos e entidades correlacionadas ao tema. Como resultado, percebemos que os meios fiscalizatórios realizados pelo Brasil são ineficazes diante do número de imigrantes venezuelanos.
Resenha do livro Retórica e Discurso - Fronteiras e interfaces: das origens aos desdobramentos atuais.
Authors: Grácio Rui Alexandre 
Published: July 2020

Resenha do livro Retórica e Discurso Fronteiras e interfaces: das origens aos desdobramentos atuais. Homenagem à professora Lineide do Lago Salvador Mosca
The Typewritten Market: Shariʿah-Compliance and Securitisation in the Law of Islamic Finance
Authors: Cattelan Valentino 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
By taking inspiration from Wisława Szymborska’s poetry and Brinkley Messick’s scholarship, this article interprets the law of Islamic finance as evidence of a radical shift in the social anthropology of Islamic law from classical to contemporary times. To this aim it highlights the changes from fiqh in medieval trade (where individual actions were judged according to rules legitimised by their own local context) to the current process of Shariʿah-compliance, arguing that this process belongs to a textual polity where standardised certificates, contracts and securities have replaced actual social relations in the global financial market. In the light of this, the article advances the notion of Typewritten Market to depict the nature of Islamic finance as a socio-economic space embodying a ‘de-materialised Šarīʿah’: that is to say, a meaning of Islamic law whose contemporary time belongs more to legal/financial technology rather than to Muslim human action.
The Projectability Challenge to Moral Naturalism
Authors: Bengson John , Cuneo Terence , Reisner Andrew 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Projectability Challenge states that a metaethical view must explain how ordinary agents can, on the basis of moral experience and reflection, accurately and justifiably apply moral concepts to novel situations. In this paper, we argue for two primary claims. First, paradigm nonnaturalism can satisfactorily answer the projectability challenge. Second, it is unclear whether there is a version of moral naturalism that can satisfactorily answer the challenge. The conclusion we draw is that there is an important respect in which nonnaturalism holds an advantage over its most prominent naturalist rivals. The conclusion is interesting if only because it is widely assumed that naturalism has an easier time handling thorny problems in moral epistemology. We argue that there is at least one such problem of which this assumption is not true.
A Conceptualist Turn: The Ontological Status of Created Species in Late Greek Patristic Theology
Authors: Krausmüller Dirk 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The realist ontology of Maximus the Confessor cannot be considered representative of the Greek theological discourse of his time. Several authors writing in the sixth, seventh and eighth centuries denied the existence of immanent universals in creation. This position was first formulated as a response to the nominalist Trinitarian theology of John Philoponus. As time went on, however, it began to serve a different function. It was now used to emphasise the distinction between God and creation.
Association between sleep quality and self-care in adults with heart failure: A systematic review
Authors: Spedale Valentina , Luciani Michela , Attanasio Alessandro , Di Mauro Stefania , Alvaro Rosaria , Vellone Ercole , Ausili Davide 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Sleep disturbance is one of the most common symptoms among heart failure patients. Sleep disturbance reduces quality of life and leads to higher rates of mortality. It may affect the ability of patients to perform adequate self-care. Although some research has evaluated the association between sleep quality and heart failure self-care, a synthesis of the most recent available evidence is lacking.

Aims
This systematic review aimed to assess the association between sleep quality and self-care in adults with heart failure.

Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology was used. Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SCOPUS were searched. Observational, case-control and cohort studies were considered. The quality of the studies was evaluated with the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal Tools.

Results
Six articles were included. Association between sleep quality and self-care was reported by three studies. One of these did not find an association between sleep disturbance and heart failure self-care, while the other two studies did. An association between sleep quality and medication adherence was reported by three studies. All three of these studies found associations between these two variables. Studies have measured similar but different constructs. Two studies assessed sleep quality, while four other studies measured excessive daytime sleepiness. Half of the studies examined self-care, while the other half measured medication adherence.

Conclusions
Although the evidence should be strengthened, sleep quality seems to affect self-care in heart failure patients. The mechanism underlying the effect of sleep quality on heart failure self-care remains unclear. Future longitudinal interaction analyses could be useful to clarify this mechanism.