bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A three‐pronged approach that leans on Indigenous knowledge for northern fish monitoring and conservation
Authors: Bowles Ella , Marin Kia , MacLeod Pamela , Fraser Dylan J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInvestigating whether changes within fish populations may result from harvesting requires a comprehensive approach, especially in more data‐sparse northern regions. Our study took a three‐pronged approach to investigate walleye population change by combining Indigenous knowledge (IK), phenotypic traits, and genomics. We thank Larson et al. (2020) for their critiques of our study; certainly, there are aspects of their critique that are warranted and merit further investigation. However, we argue that their critique is over‐stated and misleading, primarily given that (a) one of three prongs of our research, IK, was dismissed in their assessment of our study's conclusions; (b) our Bayesian size‐at‐age modeling should help to mitigate sample size issues; (c) their re‐analysis of our size‐at‐age data does not actually refute our results; (d) genomic changes that we observed are nascent; (e) the data file that Larson et al. (2020) used for their genomic re‐analysis was not correct; and (f) criteria that Larson et al. (2020) use for their genomic re‐analysis were not properly justified.
Sixteen hundred years of increasing tree cover prior to modern deforestation in Southern Amazon and Central Brazilian savannas
Authors: Wright Jamie L. , Bomfim Barbara , Wong Corrine I. , Marimon‐Júnior Ben H. , Marimon Beatriz S. , Silva Lucas C. R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTropical ecosystems are under increasing pressure from land‐use change and deforestation. Changes in tropical forest cover are expected to affect carbon and water cycling with important implications for climatic stability at global scales. A major roadblock for predicting how tropical deforestation affects climate is the lack of baseline conditions (i.e., prior to human disturbance) of forest–savanna dynamics. To address this limitation, we developed a long‐term analysis of forest and savanna distribution across the Amazon–Cerrado transition of central Brazil. We used soil organic carbon isotope ratios as a proxy for changes in woody vegetation cover over time in response to fluctuations in precipitation inferred from speleothem oxygen and strontium stable isotope records. Based on stable isotope signatures and radiocarbon activity of organic matter in soil profiles, we quantified the magnitude and direction of changes in forest and savanna ecosystem cover. Using changes in tree cover measured in 83 different locations for forests and savannas, we developed interpolation maps to assess the coherence of regional changes in vegetation. Our analysis reveals a broad pattern of woody vegetation expansion into savannas and densification within forests and savannas for at least the past ~1,600 years. The rates of vegetation change varied significantly among sampling locations possibly due to variation in local environmental factors that constrain primary productivity. The few instances in which tree cover declined (7.7% of all sampled profiles) were associated with savannas under dry conditions. Our results suggest a regional increase in moisture and expansion of woody vegetation prior to modern deforestation, which could help inform conservation and management efforts for climate change mitigation. We discuss the possible mechanisms driving forest expansion and densification of savannas directly (i.e., increasing precipitation) and indirectly (e.g., decreasing disturbance) and suggest future research directions that have the potential to improve climate and ecosystem models.
Association between concentration of active MMP‐9 in pulpal blood and pulpotomy outcome in permanent mature teeth with irreversible pulpitis – a preliminary study
Authors: Sharma R. , Kumar V. , Logani A. , Chawla A. , Mir R. A. , Sharma S. , Kalaivani M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the correlation between the concentration of active‐matrix metalloproteinases‐9 (aMMP‐9) in pulpal blood and the outcome of pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP).MethodologyForty permanent molar teeth with a clinical diagnosis of SIP and normal apical tissues with periapical index (PAI) score ≤ 2 and ten permanent teeth (8 molars and two premolars) with a diagnosis of normal pulp that required root canal treatment for prosthetic reasons from patients between the ages of 15–35 years were recruited. All clinical procedures were performed under local anaesthesia and rubber dam isolation. After access opening, the coronal pulp tissue was amputated up to the canal orifice. A 100 μL volume of the pulpal blood was collected using a micropipette and transported to the laboratory. Sodium hypochlorite (2.5 %) was used as a haemostatic agent, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was used as the pulp capping material. The tooth was restored with composite at the same visit. Teeth with normal pulps were treated with single‐visit root canal treatment. Patients with pulpotomy were recalled at 6 and 12 months. Outcome assessment of teeth with pulpotomy was carried out at 12 months and was categorized as success (asymptomatic patients with PAI score ≤ 2) or failure (symptomatic patients or PAI score ≥ 3). Quantification of aMMP‐9 in pulpal blood was achieved using a fluorometric assay. The following statistical analyses were performed to assess the data: t‐test, Fisher's exact test, kappa coefficient, non‐parametric test, Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, Spearman rank correlation test and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).ResultThe success rate of pulpotomy was 88 % at 12‐months. There was a significant difference between the median concentrations of aMMP‐9 in pulpal blood of teeth with normal pulps (52 (12–96) ng mL−1:) and SIP (193.3 (25.8–607.7) ng mL−1:) (P = 0.0003) and successful (132.3 (25.8–548.3) ng mL−1:) and failed cases (512.4 (334.8–607.7 ng mL−1:) (P = 0.0015) of MTA pulpotomy. A significant association was established between aMMP‐9 concentration and outcome of pulpotomy. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (0.9484, 95%CI) suggested excellent discriminatory power of aMMP‐9 concentration in pulpal blood to predict the pulpotomy outcome.ConclusionThe pulpal blood concentration of aMMP‐9 was significantly associated with the outcome of pulpotomy in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, where it may be used as a potential prognostic biomarker.
The prevalence, risk factors, and psychosocial impacts of acne vulgaris in medical students: a literature review
Authors: Sachdeva Muskaan , Tan Josephine , Lim Jacqueline , Kim Matilda , Nadeem Ibrahim , Bismil Ramprasad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAffecting approximately 9.4% of the population worldwide, acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Medical students are exposed to higher levels of stress and have a higher prevalence of acne. However, the risk factors and the impact of acne on medical students’ mental health remains poorly understood. The aim of this literature review is to: (i) summarize the prevalence and risk factors of acne vulgaris in medical students and (ii) highlight the impact of psychological consequences of acne in medical students. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE in OVID, using variations in the following search terms: acne vulgaris, medical students, self‐esteem, psychology, psychiatry, suicide, suicidal thoughts, self‐harm, positive and negative effects, psychological well‐being, anxiety, and depression. Studies that stated the prevalence or risk factors of acne vulgaris and/or examined the association between psychosocial effects and acne vulgaris in medical students were included. Eleven cross‐sectional studies were included. The prevalence of acne vulgaris in medical students ranged from 34.38% to 97.9% across nine studies. Review of these articles revealed that acne prevalence is associated with stress, gender differences, and lifestyle factors in medical students. Acne had many negative psychological and social impacts on medical students including negative self‐image, lower confidence, embarrassment, depression, anxiety, social withdrawal, and impaired social behaviors. Further research on the intersection between acne vulgaris and the mental health of medical students is needed.
Factors associated with the development of acute general surgical pathology in medical inpatients
Authors: Partha Sarathy Prasanna , Veysey Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMedical inpatients can develop acute general surgical conditions. However, this is rare. The presence of multiple acute pathologies delays diagnosis and these patients have poorer prognoses.AimTo determine the incidence, risk factors and prognosis of medical inpatients developing acute general surgical conditions.MethodsA single‐centre retrospective case–control study was conducted over 1 year in the United Kingdom. Medical patients developing acute surgical pathology were identified using the local referral system. For each case, two controls were selected from a pool of medical inpatients receiving no general surgical input during their admission. Patient records were used to collect hospital admission details, demographic and laboratory data. Univariate analysis and multivariable analysis were performed.ResultsThe study included 42 cases and 84 controls. The incidence of general surgical pathology in medical inpatients was 2.3/1000 admissions/year. In multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with developing general surgical pathology were previous abdominal surgery (odds ratio (OR) =3.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43 to 9.48; P = 0.007) and doubling from baseline creatinine (OR = 18.9; 95% CI: 2.57 to 139; P = 0.004). Patients with surgical pathology had longer inpatient stays (22.8 vs 9.4 days; P < 0.001) and a higher inpatient mortality (23.8% vs 7.1%; P = 0.011). Development of surgical pathology was strongly associated with mortality (OR = 4.06; 95% CI: 1.36 to 12.1).ConclusionThe development of acute surgical pathology in medical inpatients is rare but associated with longer inpatient stays and higher mortality. We have identified risk‐factors associated with the development of surgical pathology, which can be used to identify patients at risk of surgical pathology.
A proposal for a multi‐domain data fusion strategy in a climate‐smart agriculture context
Authors: López Iván Darío , Grass José Fernando , Figueroa Apolinar , Corrales Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAgriculture provides food, raw materials, and employment opportunities for a significant percentage of the world's population. Climate, economic, political, social, and other conditions affect decision making in agricultural processes. In many cases, these conditions imply the loss of suitability of many areas for some traditional crops. In contrast, these areas can produce new crops by taking advantage of changing conditions. In this sense, having reliable tools and information for decision making is essential in adapting to new agricultural productivity scenarios. The above implies having sufficient and relevant data sources to reduce the uncertainty in the decision‐making processes. However, data by nature tend to be diverse in structure, storage formats, and access protocols. Data fusion tasks have been immersed in a multitude of applications and have been approached from different points of view when implementing a suitable solution. We propose a multi‐domain data fusion strategy to support data analysis tasks in agricultural contexts. We also describe all the data sources collected, which are the main input to the proposed strategy. The combined data sources were also evaluated through a preliminary exploratory analysis in a multi‐label learning approach. Finally, the data fusion strategy is explained through an example in agricultural crop production.
20(S)‐Protopanaxadiol inhibits epithelial‐mesenchymal transition by promoting retinoid X receptor alpha in human colorectal carcinoma cells
Authors: Lu Zeyuan , Liu Hongyan , Fu Wenwen , Wang Yuchen , Geng Jianan , Wang Yaozhen , Yu Xiaofeng , Wang Quan , Xu Huali , Sui Dayun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractColorectal carcinoma (CRC) recurrence is often accompanied by metastasis. Most metastasis undergo through epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Studies showed that retinol X receptor alpha (RXRα) and 20(S)‐Protopanaxadiol (PPD) have anti‐tumour effects. However, the anti‐metastasis effect of 20(S)‐PPD and the effect of RXRα on EMT‐induced metastasis are few studies on. Therefore, the role of RXRα and 20(S)‐PPD in CRC cell metastasis remains to be fully elucidated. RXRα with clinicopathological characteristics and EMT‐related expression in clinical samples were examined. Then, RXRα and EMT level in SW480 and SW620 cells, overexpressed and silenced RXRα in SW620 cells and SW480 cells, respectively, were evaluated. Finally, 20(S)‐PPD effect on SW620 and SW480 cells was evaluated. The results showed that a lower RXRα expression in cancer tissues, and a moderate negative correlation between RXRα and N stage, and tended to higher level of EMT. SW480 and SW620 cells had the highest and lowest RXRα expression among four CRC cell lines. SW480 had lower EMT level than SW620. Furthermore, 20(S)‐PPD increased RXRα and inhibited EMT level in SW620 cell. Finally, 20(S)‐PPD cannot restore SW480 cells EMT level to normal when RXRα silencing. These findings suggest that 20(S)‐PPD may inhibit EMT process in CRC cells by regulating RXRα expression.
Molecular and morphological diversity in species of Kronichthys (Teleostei, Loricariidae) from Atlantic coastal rivers of Brazil
Authors: Souza Camila S. , Silva Gabriel S. C. , Ochoa Luz E. , Roxo Fabio F. , Costa‐Silva Guilherme J. , Foresti Fausto , Melo Bruno F. , Oliveira Claudio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Neotropical catfish genus Kronichthys contains three species distributed along coastal rivers of southern and southeastern Brazil. Although phylogenetic hypotheses are available, the molecular and morphological diversity and species boundaries within the genus remain unexplored. In this study, the authors generated mitochondrial data for 90 specimens combined with morphometric and meristic data to investigate species diversity, species boundaries and putative morphological signatures in Kronichthys. Phylogenetic and species delimitation results clearly show the presence of four genetic lineages, three within Kronichthys heylandi along the coast from Rio de Janeiro to southern São Paulo and a single lineage encompassing both the nominal species Kronichthys lacerta and Kronichthys subteres from the Ribeira de Iguape basin to Santa Catarina in southern Brazil. Nonetheless, morphological data show overlapped ranges in morphometrics and a definition of only two morphotypes, with clear phenotypic differences in the teeth number: K. heylandi differs from K. subteres + K. lacerta by the higher number of premaxillary teeth (30–52 vs. 19–28) and higher number of dentary teeth (28–54 vs. 17–28). Headwater captures and connections of paleodrainages because of sea‐level fluctuations represent the two major biogeographic processes promoting species diversification and lineage dispersal of Kronichthys in the Atlantic coastal range of Brazil.
Effects of Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa) extract on immune responses and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Bilen Soner , Ispir Selcuk , Kenanoglu Osman Nezih , Taştan Yiğit , Güney Kerim , Terzi Ertugrul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of Greek juniper extract on immune responses of rainbow trout. In this experiment, 4 doses [0 (Control), 1 (J1), 4 (J4) and 8 (J8) mg/kg] of the extract were administered orally using an oral gavage twice a day for 14 days. Immune responses were measured on 7th and 14th days. On 14th day, Yersinia ruckeri was injected intraperitoneally to all fish of all groups. On 14th day, ORP in fish of J1 group increased significantly. Lysozyme activity (LA) was increased in J8 group on 7th day (p < .05). On 14th day, a significant decrease was determined in J1 and J4 treatments in LA. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly decreased in all groups irrespective of sampling times (p < .05). Interleukin (IL)‐1β was significantly elevated in fish of J8 group on 7th day. IL‐8 increased in fish of J8 and J4 groups on 7th day of the study. IL‐12 gene expression was significantly up‐regulated in J8 fish group on 7th day, and in J4 fish group on 14th day. Survival rate was higher in J8 treatment compared to the control and other treatments (p < .05). The results suggest that Juniperus excelsa provides protection against Y. ruckeri in rainbow trout.
DOES SPEED MATTER? THE ROLE OF HIGH‐FREQUENCY TRADING FOR ORDER BOOK RESILIENCY
Authors: Clapham Benjamin , Haferkorn Martin , Zimmermann Kai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe analyze limit order book resiliency following liquidity shocks initiated by large market orders. Based on a unique data set, we investigate whether high‐frequency traders are involved in replenishing the order book. Therefore, we relate the net liquidity provision of high‐frequency traders, algorithmic traders, and human traders around these market impact events to order book resiliency. Although all groups of traders react, our results show that only high‐frequency traders reduce the spread within the first seconds after the market impact event. Order book depth replenishment, however, takes significantly longer and is mainly accomplished by human traders’ liquidity provision.
Nationwide survey of pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy in Japan
Authors: Kudo Takahiro , Abukawa Daiki , Nakayama Yoshiko , Segawa Osamu , Uchida Keiichi , Jimbo Keisuke , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe implementation rates of pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy are increasing with advancements in the devices used and pediatricians' skills. As part of the Japan Pediatric Endoscopy Study Group, we aimed to investigate the rates of pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy use and the associated adverse events through a nationwide survey.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to 630 institutions in Japan. The numbers of pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy cases and adverse events occurring during endoscopy, from April 2011 to March 2016, were investigated.ResultsResponses were obtained from 445 facilities. The total number of pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopies was 37 447 and that of endoscopic examinations was 32 219 (86.0%), with esophagogastroduodenoscopy accounting for 18 484 cases; ileal colonoscopy, 11 936; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, 389; wireless capsule endoscopy, 897; and balloon‐assisted enteroscopy, 513. The number of endoscopic treatments was 5228, followed by balloon dilatation (1703), foreign body removal (989), and polypectomy (822); 201 adverse events (0.54%) occurred, 79 of which presented during endoscopic examination (0.25%). Eight serious perforations were noted in 0.0054% and 0.025% of those undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy, respectively. Overall, 122 adverse events (2.33%) occurred in association with endoscopic treatment. One case of cardiopulmonary arrest occurred because of accidental extubation. However, no deaths occurred.ConclusionEndoscopic examinations had a slightly higher adverse event rate, because of an increase in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and small intestine enteroscopy, than that reported in previous studies, but the adverse event rate of endoscopic treatment did not increase.
The environmental and material implications of circular transitions: A diffusion and product‐life‐cycle‐based modeling framework
Authors: Sigüenza Carlos Pablo , Steubing Bernhard , Tukker Arnold , Aguilar‐Hernández Glenn A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCircular business models (CBMs) and their potential environmental benefits have been widely assessed by using life cycle assessment (LCA). However, most LCA studies consider static systems and assume instant and full technology adoption, limiting the analysis of the implications of circular transitions. Considering technology diffusion in LCA models may bring a better understanding of the environmental implications of the adoption of CBMs. Nevertheless, diffusion is also related to stock dynamics, which are difficult to represent in classic LCA models. To overcome these issues, we propose a modeling framework that integrates three modeling families to assess the environmental impacts and material implications of the adoption of CBMs: diffusion of innovations, product stock dynamics, and LCA. We present a method of application and illustrate it with a theoretical case study. This framework might be useful in the socio‐economic analysis of systems transitioning to CBMs, especially in systems that involve long‐lived products.
Medical and socioeconomic challenges of private dermatocosmetology clinics during COVID‐19 pandemic: A survey from Turkey
Authors: Esme Pelin , Akoglu Gulsen , Erbil Hakan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) disease has rapidly spread worldwide with a multitude effects on daily life. Since the transmission risk increases with close contact, some cosmetic procedures are considered high risk and majority of them had to be postponed or canceled in private dermatocosmetology clinics especially during the heavy period of the outbreak.AimsWe aimed to document the medical and socioeconomic problems emerged in dermatocosmetology clinics in Turkey caused by COVID‐19 pandemic and to discuss the management strategies taken by dermatologists.Patients/MethodsThis survey research was conducted with 100 dermatologists who work in private dermatocosmetology clinics. The survey included 38 questions about office re‐arrangements including patient admission and office environment, safety precautions taken for cosmetic procedures, management of clinic staff, and financial impact of the pandemic.ResultsA remarkable decrease in major cosmetic interest was reported in private clinics; meanwhile, there was an increase in applicants for noncosmetic dermatological complaints. The most avoided cosmetic procedures were application of skin care devices, lasers, chemical peeling, and thread lifting, while botulinum toxin injection was the most performed procedure. Nearly half of the participants had severe financial damage. Of the participants, 55% reported that they worked anxiously during this period and 60% believed that they managed the early period of the pandemic successfully.ConclusionPrivate dermatocosmetology clinics have to work in a totally different period that they have never experienced before. The pandemic has had serious impacts on both medical and socioeconomic issues which had to be managed carefully.