bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Mycobacterium kansasii using a combination of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and lateral flow biosensors
Authors: Chen Chuang , Lu Jia , Long Bo , Rao Zhengyuan , Gao Yuan , Wang Weina , Gao Wenfeng , Yang Jun , Zhang Shu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMycobacterium kansasii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes both intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary infections. The symptoms of the pulmonary diseases caused by M. kansasii closely resemble Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rapid and accurate differentiation of M. kansasii from M. tuberculosis, as well as other mycobacteria, is crucial for developing effective therapeutics and disease treatment. In this study, we combined loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with lateral flow biosensors (LFB) to detect M. kansasii, by targeting the species-specific sequence of rpoB, a gene which encodes the β subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase. The assay was validated to ensure that it was highly selective by testing M. kansasii, M. tuberculosis, other species of respiratory bacteria, and other nontuberculous mycobacteria. The detection limit of the assay was 1 fg/μL of DNA and 50 CFU of bacilli in sputum. The M. kansasii-LAMP-LFB assay is a fast, cheap, and accurate method for detecting M. kansasii by constant temperature amplification and simple interpretation.
Trade-off between mate choice speed and decision accuracy under mating competition in female sand gobies
Authors: Diaz Pauli Beatriz , Lindström Kai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVariation in female mating performance can affect the direction and rate of evolution through sexual selection. The social environment determines the availability of mates and the competitive situation, and hence can influence mating strategies. However, these effects have to be considered within time constraints. Here we show that female sand gobies exposed to same-sex competitors (female-biased adult sex ratio, ASR) for a week before having physical access to males (i.e., a delayed male access; referred as prior exposure treatment) were more actively associated with the preferred male and took faster spawning decisions. However, these females mated more frequently with males with traits that did not ensure high egg survival. On the other extreme, females exposed to low same sex competition (male-biased ASR) simultaneously to the mate choice (i.e., an immediate access to males; referred as simultaneous exposure treatment) took more time to make their spawning decision. They also associated and spawned more often with males with good parental skills (i.e., males exhibiting more egg fanning behaviour). These male traits are associated with higher survival and better development of eggs. Our results provide experimental support for a trade-off between mate choice accuracy and speed, which depended on mating competition.
Motivation theory in the school context: differences in preservice and practicing teachers’ experience, opinion, and knowledge
Authors: Schürmann Linda , Gaschler Robert , Quaiser-Pohl Claudia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPreservice teachers should learn about motivation theory during their university studies in order to be able to motivate their students in their future job. Thus, this study had two objectives. First, it explored whether experience in education sciences and a motivation theory seminar were related to preservice teachers’ perceived experience with motivation theory, their perceived and actual knowledge about it, and the relevance they assigned to it. Second, it investigated whether there were differences to practicing teachers. We administered a questionnaire on three motivational theories toN= 322 to preservice and practicing teachers. We asked for the participants’ experience with the topics, the relevance they assigned to them in the school context, and their perceived knowledge about them. Overall, preservice teachers rated motivation theory as relevant but displayed low experience with and knowledge about it. Visiting a seminar on motivation theory was connected to the highest values for all variables. Practicing teachers appeared more critical of motivation theory than preservice teachers. They assigned less relevance to it, although they displayed higher levels in perceived knowledge than preservice teachers without a motivation theory seminar background. Results suggest that there is a difference between the preservice and the practicing phase of teaching regarding motivation theory. Preservice teachers viewed the topic differently than practicing teachers. However, preservice teachers should know and be able to use motivation theory once they finish their university studies. Therefore, integrating motivation theory more into both preservice and practicing teacher training appears to be important.
Modeling, simulation, and optimization of geothermal energy production from hot sedimentary aquifers
Authors: Blank Laura , Meneses Rioseco Ernesto , Caiazzo Alfonso , Wilbrandt Ulrich 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGeothermal district heating development has been gaining momentum in Europe with numerous deep geothermal installations and projects currently under development. With the increasing density of geothermal wells, questions related to the optimal and sustainable reservoir exploitation become more and more important. A quantitative understanding of the complex thermo-hydraulic interaction between tightly deployed geothermal wells in heterogeneous temperature and permeability fields is key for a maximum sustainable use of geothermal resources. Motivated by the geological settings of the Upper Jurassic aquifer in the Greater Munich region, we develop a computational model based on finite element analysis and gradient-free optimization to simulate groundwater flow and heat transport in hot sedimentary aquifers, and numerically investigate the optimal positioning and spacing of multi-well systems. Based on our numerical simulations, net energy production from deep geothermal reservoirs in sedimentary basins by smart geothermal multi-well arrangements provides significant amounts of energy to meet heat demand in highly urbanized regions. Our results show that taking into account heterogeneous permeability structures and a variable reservoir temperature may drastically affect the results in the optimal configuration. We demonstrate that the proposed numerical framework is able to efficiently handle generic geometrical and geological configurations, and can be thus flexibly used in the context of multi-variable optimization problems. Hence, this numerical framework can be used to assess the extractable geothermal energy from heterogeneous deep geothermal reservoirs by the optimized deployment of smart multi-well systems.
Integrative developmental ecology: a review of density-dependent effects on life-history traits and host-microbe interactions in non-social holometabolous insects
Authors: Than Anh The , Ponton Fleur , Morimoto Juliano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPopulation density modulates a wide range of eco-evolutionary processes including inter- and intra-specific competition, fitness and population dynamics. In holometabolous insects, the larval stage is particularly susceptible to density-dependent effects because the larva is the resource-acquiring stage. Larval density-dependent effects can modulate the expression of life-history traits not only in the larval and adult stages but also downstream for population dynamics and evolution. Better understanding the scope and generality of density-dependent effects on life-history traits of current and future generations can provide useful knowledge for both theory and experiments in developmental ecology. Here, we review the literature on larval density-dependent effects on fitness of non-social holometabolous insects. First, we provide a functional definition of density to navigate the terminology in the literature. We then classify the biological levels upon which larval density-dependent effects can be observed followed by a review of the literature produced over the past decades across major non-social holometabolous groups. Next, we argue that host-microbe interactions are yet an overlooked biological level susceptible to density-dependent effects and propose a conceptual model to explain how density-dependent effects on host-microbe interactions can modulate density-dependent fitness curves. In summary, this review provides an integrative framework of density-dependent effects across biological levels which can be used to guide future research in the field of ecology and evolution.
‘Is this a Time of Beautiful Chaos?’: Reflecting on International Feminist Legal Methods
Authors: Bird Faye 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article considers how Margaret Jane Radin’s theory of the feminist double bind can bring conceptual clarity to the difficulties feminisms face in engaging with political and legal institutions of global governance. I draw on her theory to reinitiate a conversation on ideal and nonideal theory, in order to answer the call of key proponents in international legal feminism to reevaluate methodologies in critiquing mainstream institutions. By providing an account of how to navigate the double bind, this article brings conceptual clarity to the tension between resistance and compliance that has been argued to lie at the heart of the feminist project in international law. I demonstrate how this theoretical framework can foster greater pluralist perspectives in feminist engagement of ideal theories to temper the deradicalising and conservative risk of navigating feasibility constrained nonideal strategies.
Brill–Noether general K3 surfaces with the maximal number of elliptic pencils of minimal degree
Authors: Hoff Michael , Knutsen Andreas Leopold 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe explicitly construct Brill–Noether generalK3 surfaces of genus 4, 6 and 8 having the maximal number of elliptic pencils of degrees 3, 4 and 5, respectively, and study their moduli spaces and moduli maps to the moduli space of curves. As an application we prove the existence of Brill–Noether generalK3 surfaces of genus 4 and 6 without stable Lazarsfeld–Mukai bundles of minimal$$c_2$$c2.
Approaching Critical Decay in a Strongly Degenerate Parabolic Equation
Authors: Winkler Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Cauchy problem in $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

, $$n\ge 1$$

n
≥
1

, for the parabolic equation $$\begin{aligned} u_t=u^p \Delta u \qquad \qquad (\star ) \end{aligned}$$

u
t

=

u
p

Δ
u

(
⋆
)

is considered in the strongly degenerate regime $$p\ge 1$$

p
≥
1

. The focus is firstly on the case of positive continuous and bounded initial data, in which it is known that a minimal positive classical solution exists, and that this solution satisfies $$\begin{aligned} t^\frac{1}{p}\Vert u(\cdot ,t)\Vert _{L^\infty ({\mathbb {R}}^n)} \rightarrow \infty \quad \hbox {as } t\rightarrow \infty . \end{aligned}$$

t

1
p

‖
u

(
·
,
t
)

‖

L
∞

(

R

n

)

→
∞

as

t
→
∞
.

The first result of this study complements this by asserting that given any positive $$f\in C^0([0,\infty ))$$

f
∈

C
0

(

[
0
,
∞
)

)

fulfilling $$f(t)\rightarrow +\infty $$

f
(
t
)
→
+
∞

as $$t\rightarrow \infty $$

t
→
∞

one can find a positive nondecreasing function $$\phi \in C^0([0,\infty ))$$

ϕ
∈

C
0

(

[
0
,
∞
)

)

such that whenever $$u_0\in C^0({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$

u
0

∈

C
0

(

R

n

)

is radially symmetric with $$0< u_0 < \phi (|\cdot |)$$

0
<

u
0

<
ϕ
(
|

·

|
)

, the corresponding minimal solution u satisfies $$\begin{aligned} \frac{t^\frac{1}{p}\Vert u(\cdot ,t)\Vert _{L^\infty ({\mathbb {R}}^n)}}{f(t)} \rightarrow 0 \quad \hbox {as } t\rightarrow \infty . \end{aligned}$$

t

1
p

‖
u

(
·
,
t
)

‖

L
∞

(

R

n

)

f
(
t
)

→
0

as

t
→
∞
.

Secondly, ($$\star $$
⋆
) is considered along with initial conditions involving nonnegative but not necessarily strictly positive bounded and continuous initial data $$u_0$$

u
0

. It is shown that if the connected components of $$\{u_0>0\}$$

{

u
0

>
0
}

comply with a condition reflecting some uniform boundedness property, then a corresponding uniquely determined continuous weak solution to ($$\star $$
⋆
) satisfies $$\begin{aligned} 0< \liminf _{t\rightarrow \infty } \Big \{ t^\frac{1}{p} \Vert u(\cdot ,t)\Vert _{L^\infty ({\mathbb {R}}^n)} \Big \} \le \limsup _{t\rightarrow \infty } \Big \{ t^\frac{1}{p} \Vert u(\cdot ,t)\Vert _{L^\infty ({\mathbb {R}}^n)} \Big \} <\infty . \end{aligned}$$

0
<

lim inf

t
→
∞

{

t

1
p

‖
u

(
·
,
t
)

‖

L
∞

(

R

n

)

}

≤

lim sup

t
→
∞

{

t

1
p

‖
u

(
·
,
t
)

‖

L
∞

(

R

n

)

}

<
∞
.

Under a somewhat complementary hypothesis, particularly fulfilled if $$\{u_0>0\}$$

{

u
0

>
0
}

contains components with arbitrarily small principal eigenvalues of the associated Dirichlet Laplacian, it is finally seen that (0.1) continues to hold also for such not everywhere positive weak solutions.
Effectiveness of a Tailored Work-Related Support Intervention for Patients Diagnosed with Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zaman A. C. G. N. M. , Tytgat K. M. A. J. , Klinkenbijl J. H. G. , Boer F. C. den , Brink M. A. , Brinkhuis J. C. , Bruinvels D. J. , Dol L. C. M. , van Duijvendijk P. , Hemmer P. H. J. , Lamme B. , Loosveld O. J. L. , Mok M. M. , Rejda T. , Rutten H. , Schoorlemmer A. , Sonneveld D. J. , Stassen L. P. S. , Veenstra R. P. , van de Ven A. , Velzing E. R. , Frings-Dresen M. H. W. , de Boer A. G. E. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness on return to work (RTW) of an early tailored work-related support intervention in patients diagnosed with curative gastrointestinal cancer. Methods A multicenter randomized controlled trial was undertaken, in which patients were assigned randomly to the intervention or the control group (usual care). The intervention encompassed three psychosocial work-related support meetings, starting before treatment. Five self-reported questionnaires were sent over twelve months of follow-up. Primary outcome was days until RTW (fulltime or partial) and secondary outcomes included work status, quality of life, work ability, and work limitations. Descriptive analysis, Kaplan–Meier analysis, relative risk ratio and linear mixed models were applied. Results Participants (N = 88) had a mean age of 55 years; 67% were male and the most common cancer type was colon cancer (66%). Of the participants, 42 were randomized to the intervention group. The median time from sick leave until RTW was 233 days (range 187–279 days) for the control group, versus 190 days (range 139–240 days) for the intervention group (log-rank p = 0.37). The RTW rate at twelve months after baseline was 83.3% for the intervention group and 73.5% for the control group. Work limitations did statistically differ between the groups over time (p = 0.01), but quality of life and work ability did not. Conclusion Patients in the intervention group seem to take fewer days to RTW, albeit not to a statistically significant extent.Trial registration Trial NL4920 (NTR5022) (Dutch Trial Register https://www.trialregister.nl)
Application of Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling to Inform Translation of In Vitro NaV1.7 Inhibition to In Vivo Pharmacological Response in Non-human Primate
Authors: Ballard Jeanine E. , Pall Parul , Vardigan Joshua , Zhao Fuqiang , Holahan Marie A. , Kraus Richard , Li Yuxing , Henze Darrell , Houghton Andrea , Burgey Christopher S. , Gibson Christopher 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This work describes a staged approach to the application of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling in the voltage-gated sodium ion channel (NaV1.7) inhibitor drug discovery effort to address strategic questions regarding in vitro to in vivo translation of target modulation.

Methods
PK-PD analysis was applied to data from a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique to non-invasively measure treatment mediated inhibition of olfaction signaling in non-human primates (NHPs). Initial exposure-response was evaluated using single time point data pooled across 27 compounds to inform on in vitro to in vivo correlation (IVIVC). More robust effect compartment PK-PD modeling was conducted for a subset of 10 compounds with additional PD and PK data to characterize hysteresis.

Results
The pooled compound exposure-response facilitated an early exploration of IVIVC with a limited dataset for each individual compound, and it suggested a 2.4-fold in vitro to in vivo scaling factor for the NaV1.7 target. Accounting for hysteresis with an effect compartment PK-PD model as compounds advanced towards preclinical development provided a more robust determination of in vivo potency values, which resulted in a statistically significant positive IVIVC with a slope of 1.057 ± 0.210, R-squared of 0.7831, and p value of 0.006. Subsequent simulations with the PK-PD model informed the design of anti-nociception efficacy studies in NHPs.

Conclusions
A staged approach to PK-PD modeling and simulation enabled integration of in vitro NaV1.7 potency, plasma protein binding, and pharmacokinetics to describe the exposure-response profile and inform future study design as the NaV1.7 inhibitor effort progressed through drug discovery.
[18F]FDG Uptake in Adipose Tissue Is Not Related to Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Reijrink Melanie , de Boer Stefanie A. , Antunes Ines F. , Spoor Daan S. , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , Lodewijk Monique E. , Mastik Mirjam F. , Boellaard Ronald , Greuter Marcel J. W. , Benjamens Stan , Borra Ronald J. H. , Slart Riemer H. J. A. , Hillebrands Jan-Luuk , Mulder Douwe J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) uptake is a marker of metabolic activity and is therefore used to measure the inflammatory state of several tissues. This radionuclide marker is transported through the cell membrane via glucose transport proteins (GLUTs). The aim of this study is to investigate whether insulin resistance (IR) or inflammation plays a role in [18F]FDG uptake in adipose tissue (AT).

Procedures
This study consisted of an in vivo clinical part and an ex vivo mechanistic part. In the clinical part, [18F]FDG uptake in abdominal visceral AT (VAT) and subcutaneous AT (SAT) was determined using PET/CT imaging in 44 patients with early type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (age 63 [54–66] years, HbA1c [6.3 ± 0.4 %], HOMA-IR 5.1[3.1–8.5]). Plasma levels were measured with ELISA. In the mechanistic part, AT biopsies obtained from 8 patients were ex vivo incubated with [18F]FDG followed by autoradiography. Next, a qRT-PCR analysis was performed to determine GLUT and cytokine mRNA expression levels. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine CD68+ macrophage infiltration and GLUT4 protein expression in AT.

Results
In vivo VAT [18F]FDG uptake in patients with T2DM was inversely correlated with HOMA-IR (r = − 0.32, p = 0.034), and positively related to adiponectin plasma levels (r = 0.43, p = 0.003). Ex vivo [18F]FDG uptake in VAT was not related to CD68+ macrophage infiltration, and IL-1ß and IL-6 mRNA expression levels. Ex vivo VAT [18F]FDG uptake was positively related to GLUT4 (r = 0.83, p = 0.042), inversely to GLUT3 (r = − 0.83, p = 0.042) and not related to GLUT1 mRNA expression levels.

Conclusions
In vivo [18F]FDG uptake in VAT from patients with T2DM is positively correlated with adiponectin levels and inversely with IR. Ex vivo [18F]FDG uptake in AT is associated with GLUT4 expression but not with pro-inflammatory markers. The effect of IR should be taken into account when interpreting data of [18F]FDG uptake as a marker for AT inflammation.
Thermodynamic Database Development for the ZrO2-MgO-MnOx System
Authors: Saenko Ivan , Fabrichnaya Olga 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThermodynamic description of the ZrO2-MgO-MnOxwas derived for the first time using available experimental data on phase relations in air and protective gas atmosphere. Solid solution phases were modelled using compound energy formalism. The liquid phase was described by the modified two-sublattice model for ionic liquid. Solubility of ZrO2was modelled in cubic spinel and MgO-MnO solid solution (halite structure) and therefore the Gibbs energies of Zr-containing endmembers were introduced. Ternary interaction parameters were introduced for halite, cubic spinel and cubic ZrO2to reproduce the stabilization of cubic ZrO2at temperatures below its stability in bounding systems and stabilization of cubic spinel at temperatures above its stability limit in the bounding systems. The obtained thermodynamic database was used to interpret results of differential thermal analysis.
Effect of football boot upper padding on shooting accuracy and velocity performance
Authors: Okholm Kryger Katrine , Mitchell Séan , Zhou Diwei , Forrester Steph 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFootball boots are marketed with a specific performance feature focus, for example, power boots are marketed for optimal shooting performance. However, little evidence exists on the impact of boot design on shooting performance. This study assessed the effect of upper padding on shooting velocity and accuracy using a test–retest reliable test setup. Nine university level football players performed a protocol of shooting to: (1) maximise velocity; and (2) maximise accuracy in football boots with and without upper padding (Poron Memory foam). The protocol was completed twice; the non-padded boot results were used for test–retest validation, while the non-padded versus padding results were used to investigate the effect of padding. Velocity was assessed through actual ball velocity, percentage of maximum velocity and perceived velocity. Accuracy was assessed through radial offset, vertical offset, horizontal offset, success (goal/no goal), zonal offset and perceived accuracy. No significant differences between boots were observed in the velocity measures for either velocity or accuracy focused shots. Significant differences between boots were observed in vertical offset for both accuracy (without padding mean ± standard deviation − 0.02 ± 1.05 m, with padding 0.28 ± 0.87 m, P = 0.029) and velocity (without padding 0.04 ± 1.33 m, with padding 0.38 ± 0.86 m, P = 0.042) focused shots resulting in more missed shots above the goal for the padded boot (without padding 41–43% missed, with padding 56–72% missed). These findings suggest the addition of upper padding has a negative impact on shooting accuracy while not impacting shooting velocity.
Climb ups or thumbs ups?
Authors: Holzmüller Philipp Julian Johannes , Braumüller Birgit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn postmodern times, social media is an integral part of informal sports like parkour. It potentially impacts physical activities as well as the assessment of one’s physical abilities and skills. Referring to the under-researched impact on the self-assessment, this study aims to examine if the parkour-related physical self-concept can be determined by social media use, as well as parkour-training aspects and sociodemographics. Two reference points of comparison have been considered, comparing one’s skills to real or virtual parkour communities. To address this research phenomenon, multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. The results showed that a high parkour-related physical self-concept (pkPSC) is primarily determined by the amount of time athletes put into their parkour activities. Furthermore, age and gender played an important role, indicating that being a young male appeared to be a main determinant for a higher pkPSC. Finally, posting parkour-related content in social media appeared to influence the pkPSC, although this finding might be interpreted as causality in both directions. The study identified real-life activities to be more important for the physical self-concept of traceurs; however, social media play a crucial role in the parkour community.