bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors related to length of stay, referral on discharge and hospital readmission for children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Li Ang , Cunich Michelle , Miskovic‐Wheatley Jane , Maloney Danielle , Madden Sloane , Wallis Andrew , Maguire Sarah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined factors related to hospital length of stay (LOS), reported referral on discharge, and hospital readmission, for children and adolescents (C&A) admitted to public hospitals for anorexia nervosa (AN), in a large health jurisdiction in Australia.MethodSociodemographic, illness, treatment, and hospital factors associated with LOS, reported referral to post‐hospital treatment, and readmission within 28 days were analyzed for C&A with AN admitted to all New South Wales public hospitals in 2017, using median, multinomial logit and logit models. The sample comprised 289 admissions by 200 C&A aged 9–18 years with a primary or secondary diagnosis of AN.ResultsAN as a primary diagnosis and the presence of some physical and mental co‐occurring conditions (e.g., malnutrition and obsessive–compulsive disorders) conferred a longer LOS. The majority of admissions were recorded being referred to primary care physicians (59.86%) and relatively small numbers to outpatient mental health services (5.54%) or outpatient eating disorder services (8.30%), with age, area socioeconomic status, and illness factors related to referral type. Male, low socioeconomic status, the presence of some co‐occurring illnesses (e.g., adjustment disorder and viral infection), and rural or remote locations increased the likelihood of readmission.DiscussionThe findings have implications for service design, in particular the pathway to care from hospital into community for AN. Targeted interventions should consider recognizing and treating physical co‐occurring illnesses at presentation to the health system, ensuring appropriate referral to community services, and providing services in socioeconomically disadvantaged and rural or remote areas.
Enduring value of perfectionism and maturity fears for predicting eating disorder maintenance over 10‐, 20‐, and 30‐year follow‐up
Authors: Fitzgerald Elizabeth H. , Wick Madeline R. , Keel Pamela K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe Eating Disorder Inventory provides a theoretically informed multidimensional assessment of eating disorder symptoms and associated psychological factors widely used to examine the development and maintenance of eating disorders. Yet, mixed findings for some factors raise questions about whether their prognostic value varies as a function of duration of follow‐up or type of eating pathology studied.MethodThe current study compared prognostic value of perfectionism, maturity fears, and interpersonal distrust as predictors of restrictive versus bulimic symptom patterns at 10‐, 20‐, and 30‐year follow‐up in N = 127 individuals diagnosed with eating disorders at baseline. Multivariable regression analyses and statistical comparison of effect sizes were used.ResultsDrive for Thinness at 10‐ and 30‐year follow‐up was predicted by higher Perfectionism and higher Maturity Fears at baseline. Baseline Maturity Fears also predicted higher Drive for Thinness at 20‐year follow‐up and higher Bulimia at 10‐ and 20‐year follow‐up. Interpersonal Distrust did not demonstrate prognostic significance in multivariable models. Comparisons of effect sizes support that some differences in statistical significance reflect differences in prognostic value of psychological factors.DiscussionBoth duration of follow‐up and type of pathology impact the predictive value of psychological factors and have important implications for understanding illness maintenance. Findings support the utility of targeting Perfectionism for restrictive symptoms. Developing interventions focused on Maturity Fears may provide a novel approach to reducing both restrictive and bulimic symptoms.
Discontinuation and non‐publication of heart failure randomized controlled trials: a call to publish all trial results
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Shahid Izza , Asad Nava , Greene Stephen J. , Khan Safi U. , Doukky Rami , Metra Marco , Anker Stefan D. , Filippatos Gerasimos S. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Butler Javed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsDiscontinuation or non‐publication of trials may hinder scientific progress and violates the commitment made to research participants. We sought to identify the prevalence of discontinuation and non‐publication of heart failure (HF) clinical trials.Methods and resultsWe conducted a cross‐sectional search of ClinicalTrials.gov to identify all completed and discontinued HF clinical trials. We limited our search to only include trials that were completed by 31 December 2017. Trials were investigated to identify reasons for discontinuation. Informative termination was defined as trial termination due to safety or efficacy concerns. Data pertaining to the trial phase, funding, intervention, enrolment, and trial completion date were extracted for each trial. A total of 572 trials were included. Of these, 21% (n = 118) were discontinued before completion. Patient accrual was the most frequently cited reason (n = 42; 36%) for trial discontinuation, followed by informative termination (n = 16; 14%) and funding (n = 14; 12%). Overall, 24 780 patients were enrolled in trials that were terminated. Of trials that were completed and not terminated, nearly one‐third (n = 131/454; 29%) were not published. Seventy‐nine (24%) trials were published within 12 months, 192 (59%) within 24 months, and 252 (78%) trials within 36 months.ConclusionsDiscontinuation and non‐publication of HF trials is common. This raises ethical concerns towards participants who volunteer for research and are exposed to potential risks, inconvenience, and discomfort without furthering scientific progress.
Inorganic oxidizer detection from propellants, pyrotechnics, and homemade explosive powders using gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis
Authors: Krauss Shannon T. , Forbes Thomas P. , Jobes Dillon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdvancement in rapid targeted chemical analysis of homemade and improvised explosive devices is critical for the identification of explosives‐based hazards and threats. Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE), a robust electrokinetic separation technique, was employed for the separation and detection of common inorganic oxidizers from frequently encountered fuel‐oxidizer mixtures. The GEMBE system incorporated sample and run buffer reservoirs, a short capillary (5 cm), an applied electric field, and a pressure‐driven counterflow. GEMBE provided a separation format that allowed for continuous injection of sample, selectivity of analytes, and no sample cleanup or filtration prior to analysis. Nitrate, chlorate, and perchlorate oxidizers were successfully detected from low explosive propellants (e.g., black powders and black powder substitutes), pyrotechnics (e.g., flash powder), and tertiary explosive mixtures (e.g., ammonium nitrate‐ and potassium chlorate‐based fuel‐oxidizer mixtures). Separation of these mixtures exhibited detection without interference from a plethora of additional organic and inorganic fuels, enabled single particle analysis, and demonstrated semiquantitative capabilities. The bulk counterflow successfully excluded difficult components from fouling the capillary, yielding estimated limits of detection down to approximately 10 μmol/L. Finally, nitrate was separated and detected from postblast debris collected and directly analyzed from two nitrate‐based charges.
Tunable current duration in triboelectric generators via capacitive air gaps
Authors: Seo Byungseok , Cha Youngsun , Kim Sangtae , Choi Wonjoon 
Published: November 2020

SummaryDespite the low cost, high power, and wide application areas, impact‐type triboelectric generators exhibit limited applicability due to the extremely short current duration, on the order of a millisecond. The high power, short lasting current peak not only results in reduced time‐averaged power output but also acts as triboelectric shock to the accompanying circuits, quickly degrading the usability of the generator. Here, we demonstrate tunable triboelectric current duration via controlling the air gap capacitance inserted between the two dielectric plates. In typical contact‐type triboelectric generator with nylon/air gap/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) multilayers, decreasing the vertical speed of the dielectric plates from 0.5 cm/s to 0.05 cm/s result in increased current duration from 0.10 second to 0.81 second. The increased peak duration accompanies decreased peak current, resulting in the optimal charge density of 0.163 nC/cm2 at the vertical speed of 0.25 cm/s. Changing the air gap capacitance in noncontact mode or the relative permittivity in dielectric layers also results in similar change in peak duration. To explain the tunable current duration, an equivalent circuit model is constructed via serially connected capacitors and numerical solutions reproduce the trends in current duration associated with change in air gap capacitance. This study provides significant implications toward further optimizing triboelectric generators, in terms of optimal triboelectric charge density, accompanying circuit lifetime and broadened applicability.
Mining large‐scale high utility patterns in vehicular ad hoc network environments
Authors: Wu Jimmy Ming‐Tai , Wei Min , Srivastava Gautam , Chen Chien‐Ming , Lin Jerry Chun‐Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne well‐known type of mobile ad hoc network is known as a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). The functions of such a network are integrated into a new generation of wireless networks for vehicles, which has established a robust self‐organizing network that exists between roadside units and mobile vehicles. In this article, we research the comfort applications in VANET with a new proposed algorithm, EHUM, short form for efficient high utility itemset mining, to mine patterns of the more popular Points of Interest (POIs). This algorithm is based on the traditional high‐utility itemset mining (HUIM) algorithm, and we propose a more reasonable pruning strategy. Concurrently, for solving the problem of excessive data volume in VANET, we applied this algorithm to the MapReduce architecture used for improving the feasibility in practical applications. Our in‐depth work in this article culminates with some experimental results that clearly show that our proposed algorithm can perform well to mine the POIs pattern in a big data data set and shows great performance in a Hadoop computing cluster.
Partial parotidectomy via periauricular incision: Retrospective cohort study and comparative analysis to alternative incisional approaches
Authors: Colaianni C.Alessandra , Feng Allen L. , Richmon Jeremy D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated a periauricular approach to the parotid and compared outcomes to alternative parotidectomy incisions.MethodsRetrospective chart review of patients (n = 97) undergoing partial parotidectomy for benign or malignant pathology by a single surgeon. After October 2017, most patients were approached via a periauricular incision (n = 59).ResultsThere was no significant difference in patient age, tumor location, length of hospital stay, postoperative complication, or pathology. Mean tumor diameter was significantly smaller in the periauricular group (2.1 cm) than in the traditional incision group (2.6 cm). No permanent injuries to facial nerve branches occurred in either group. Patients were followed for a median of 44 days after surgery.ConclusionsThis is the largest study to date that demonstrates the periauricular incision is a safe and feasible approach for most parotid neoplasms. The cosmetic advantage of this approach is that the resulting scar is smaller and does not extend into the neck.
Novel mammogram‐based measures improve breast cancer risk prediction beyond an established mammographic density measure
Authors: Nguyen Tuong L. , Schmidt Daniel F. , Makalic Enes , Maskarinec Gertraud , Li Shuai , Dite Gillian S. , Aung Ye K. , Evans Christopher F. , Trinh Ho N. , Baglietto Laura , Stone Jennifer , Song Yun‐Mi , Sung Joohon , MacInnis Robert J. , Dugué Pierre‐Antoine , Dowty James G. , Jenkins Mark A. , Milne Roger L. , Southey Melissa C. , Giles Graham G. , Hopper John L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMammograms contain information that predicts breast cancer risk. We developed two novel mammogram‐based breast cancer risk measures based on image brightness (Cirrocumulus) and texture (Cirrus). Their risk prediction when fitted together, and with an established measure of conventional mammographic density (Cumulus), is not known. We used three studies consisting of: 168 interval cases and 498 matched controls; 422 screen‐detected cases and 1197 matched controls; and 354 younger‐diagnosis cases and 944 controls frequency‐matched for age at mammogram. We conducted conditional and unconditional logistic regression analyses of individually‐ and frequency‐matched studies, respectively. We estimated measure‐specific risk gradients as the change in odds per standard deviation of controls after adjusting for age and body mass index (OPERA) and calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). For interval, screen‐detected and younger‐diagnosis cancer risks, the best fitting models (OPERAs [95% confidence intervals]) involved:Cumulus(1.81 [1.41‐2.31]) andCirrus(1.72 [1.38‐2.14]);Cirrus(1.49 [1.32‐1.67]) andCirrocumulus(1.16 [1.03 to 1.31]); andCirrus(1.70 [1.48 to 1.94]) andCirrocumulus(1.46 [1.27‐1.68]), respectively. The AUCs were: 0.73 [0.68‐0.77], 0.63 [0.60‐0.66], and 0.72 [0.69‐0.75], respectively. Combined, our new mammogram‐based measures have twice the risk gradient for screen‐detected and younger‐diagnosis breast cancer (P ≤ 10−12), have at least the same discriminatory power as the current polygenic risk score, and are more correlated with causal factors than conventional mammographic density. Discovering more information about breast cancer risk from mammograms could help enable risk‐based personalised breast screening.
Vaginally assisted NOTES hysterectomy with adnexectomy (vNOTES) compared with conventional laparoscopy. A retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Badiglian‐Filho Levon , Chaves Faloppa Carlos , Narciso de Oliveira Menezes Ademir , Mantoan Henrique , Kumagai Lillian Yuri , Baiocchi Glauco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare vaginally‐assisted natural orifices endoscopic transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) hysterectomy with salpingectomy/salpingo‐oophorectomy with standard laparoscopic access.MethodsMedical records for patients undergoing hysterectomy with adnexectomy for benign disease indication between February 1, 2019 and February 1, 2020 were retrospectively examined. Exclusion criteria were endometriosis, previous pelvic radiotherapy, inflammatory pelvic disease history, any other concurrent surgery, laparotomy, robotic surgery, and/or traditional vaginal hysterectomy.ResultsAmong 86 patients, 21 (24.4%) were allocated to a vNOTES group and 65 (75.6%) were allocated to a conventional laparoscopy (LAP) group. Mean ages for the groups were 47.19 ± 11.11 years and 46.69 ± 9.11 years, respectively (P = 0.928). There were no statistically significant differences in age, body mass index, arterial hypertension/diabetes, smoking, menopausal status, obstetric history, number of abdominal surgeries, or preoperative hemoglobin level between the two groups. The mean (range) operative times were 111.90 min (80–180 min) in the vNOTES group and 113.98 min (64–350 min) in the LAP group (P = 0.904). There were no statistically significant differences in terms of surgery indication, specific and unspecific complications, conversions, blood transfusion, reoperation, significant ileus/emesis, and hospital stay.ConclusionsBased on the parameters assessed, we found vNOTES to be comparable to laparoscopy among our cohort.
Magnetic needle‐tracking device for ultrasound guidance of radial artery puncture: A randomized study on a simulation model
Authors: Grau‐Mercier Laura , Chetioui Adrien , Muller Laurent , Roger Claire , Genre Grandpierre Romain , de La Coussaye Jean Emmanuel , Cuvillon Philippe , Claret Pierre‐Géraud , Bobbia Xavier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionUltrasound‐guidance of radial artery catheter insertion improves the first attempt success and reduces the occurrence of hematomas. Needle‐tracking devices optimize needle‐ultrasound beam alignment by displaying in real‐time the needle tip position. We compared the median time need by experienced physicians to achieve radial artery puncture using either a conventional ultrasonography device (CUD) or a magnetic needle‐tracking ultrasound device (MUD) in a simulation training arm model.MethodsFifty experienced residents and physicians performed two punctures in randomized order with the CUD and the MUD. The primary outcome was puncture duration; the secondary outcomes were puncture success, rate of accidental vein puncture, and practitioner's comfort (subjective scale 0‐10).ResultsThe median [lower‐upper quartile] puncture time was 10 [6‐14] seconds when using CUD and 4 [3‐7] seconds when using MUD (P < .01). In the multivariate analysis, MUD use was associated with decreased puncture duration whatever the puncture order (OR 1.13 [1.07‐1.20], P < .01). The participants performed 99 (99%) successful punctures: 50 with the MUD (100%) and 49 with the CUD (98%). There was no accidental venous puncture. The practitioner's comfort level was 6.5 [6, 7] with the CUD and 8 [7‐9] with the MUD (P < .01).ConclusionMUD reduced radial artery puncture time and improved physician comfort in a simulation training arm model.
Exploratory analysis to enhance operational efficiency of new patient screenings
Authors: Kim Shawn J. , Patel Nirav , Xu Junjie , Huot Vanak , Sonani Hardik , Magnuson Britta E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were to 1) evaluate patient demographic data for new patient exams (NPE) and 2) analyze lead response time for checked‐in and no‐show appointments in predoctoral clinics in a dental school.MethodsThe data for the study were collected from the predoctoral clinics at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine (TUSDM) for patients with NPE appointments with American Dental Association's (ADA) diagnostic code of D100. A total of 26,826 appointments and 24,419 unique patients were reviewed from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Patient demographic variables such as age, gender, zip codes, and lead response time were analyzed.ResultsFrom 26,826 total number of appointments, 10,454 appointments were categorized as no‐show appointments (38.97%). In the no‐show appointments, the sex distribution was 59.93% female and 40.07% male, and in checked‐in category, the sex distribution was 53.75% female and 46.25% male. As the lead response time increased over 5 days, the no‐show rate increased to 49.79%. Approximately 55% of the entire NPE was from Greater Boston area.ConclusionThe association between lead time and no‐show rate was shown that when lead time was reduced, no‐show rate decreased. By identifying the no‐show appointments and lead time, schools and clinics can improve operational efficiency, reduce financial loss, and maintain continuation of care by supporting patients who need access to care and creating secondary automated recall system to maximize communication and chair use.
Tinnitus and cognition: Can load theory help us refine our understanding?
Authors: Khan Rafay A. , Husain Fatima T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective: Tinnitus has been shown to be associated with specific cognitive deficits. Contemporary models of tinnitus, based primarily on human behavior, emphasize the influence of the cognitive response to tinnitus in tinnitus manifestation and level of associated annoyance. The models and hypotheses proposed thus far have (a) focused on the cognitive response to the onset of tinnitus, and not necessarily focused on the cognitive consequences of established chronic tinnitus, and (b) failed to dissociate the contributions of cognitive and perceptual load in their theories. Load theory states that we have a limited capacity of neural resources that can be used to process internal and external stimuli. This theory is differentially applied to perceptual load, which refers to the neural resources engaged in the processing of sensory stimuli in our environment, and cognitive load, which refers to the occupation of a more central resource that is involved in higher‐level processing, such as stimulus discrimination, decision making, and working memory processing.Methods: A focused review was conducted on behavioral and brain‐imaging studies examining cognitive deficits in tinnitus, in an attempt to reexamine the findings in a load theory framework.Results: Findings of these studies are discussed in the context of load theory, and a novel model for understanding these findings is proposed.Conclusion: We believe the incorporation of load theory into models of tinnitus may advance understanding of the cognitive impact of tinnitus and lead to better management of tinnitus.
A database of ocean primary productivity from the 14C method
Authors: Marra J. F. , Barber R. T. , Barber E. , Bidigare R. R. , Chamberlin W. S. , Goericke R. , Hargreaves B. R. , Hiscock M. , Iturriaga R. , Johnson Z. I. , Kiefer D. A. , Kinkade C. , Knudson C. , Lance V. , Langdon C. , Lee Z.‐P. , Perry M. J. , Smith W. O. , Vaillancourt R. , Zoffoli L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe database on ocean primary productivity comprises over two decades (1985–2008) of data that the authors have participated in collecting, using the assimilation of inorganic 14C through photosynthesis, in incubations carried out in situ. The dataset is perhaps unique in that it uses, overwhelmingly, consistent methodology while covering a wide geographic range. Ancillary data are included. Using the database, it is hoped that investigators can test for the relationships among the environmental drivers for ocean productivity, the meaning of the 14C method in terms of phytoplankton physiology and the dynamics in the water column, and as a resource for further development of productivity algorithms using satellite ocean color imagery.
Excitonic Transport and Intervalley Scattering Dynamics in Large‐Size Exfoliated MoSe2 Monolayer Investigated by Heterodyned Transient Grating Spectroscopy
Authors: Kuhn Henning , Wagner Julian , Han Shuangping , Bernhardt Robin , Gao Yan , Xiao Liantuan , Zhu Jingyi , van Loosdrecht Paul H. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExciton intervalley scattering, annihilation, relaxation dynamics, and diffusive transport in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are central to the functionality of devices based on them. Here, these properties in a large‐size exfoliated high‐quality monolayer MoSe2 are addressed directly using heterodyned transient grating spectroscopy at room temperature. While the free exciton population is found to be long‐lived (≈230 ps), an extremely fast intervalley scattering (≤170 fs) is observed, leading to a negligible valley polarization, consistent with steady state photoluminescence measurements and theoretical calculation. The exciton population decay shows an appreciable contribution from the exciton–exciton annihilation, with an annihilation rate of ≈0.01 cm2 s−1. The annihilation process also leads to a significant distortion of the transient grating evolution. Taking this distortion into account, consistent exciton diffusion constants D ≈ 1.4 cm2 s−1 are found by a model simulation in the excitation density range of 1011–1012 cm−2. The presented results highlight the importance of correctly considering the many‐body annihilation processes to obtain a pronounced understanding of the excitonic properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides.