bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sovereignty, National Interest & Security and the Bilateral Investment Treaties of Bangladesh and the Netherlands: a Comparison
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Belayet , Yeon Asmah Laili Bt , Aziz Ahmad Shamsul Bin Abd. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In absence of any global treaty, the bilateral investment treaties are playing the important role of regulating foreign investments in the host countries. The primary purpose of economic globalization is the economic development of the developing and least-developed countries as well as to facilitate benefits of the home states. Bangladesh and the Netherlands also signed bilateral investment treaties to facilitate trade. Bangladesh foreign investment laws and bilateral investment treaties mainly protect foreign investors; however, neither include any specific provisions of protecting sovereignty, national interest, and security. The Netherlands generally follows EU foreign investment policies. This paper addresses two questions: (a) do the bilateral investment treaties of Bangladesh and the Netherlands include any specific provisions to protect the sovereignty, national interest, and security, and (b) should the sovereignty, national interest, and security be considered during the entry of foreign direct investment in Bangladesh and the Netherlands? Using doctrinal research method, a total of 25 bilateral investment treaties have been analysed in order to explore whether they protect the sovereignty, national interest, and security of Bangladesh and the Netherlands. Based on the findings, this study will recommend that the government of Bangladesh should consider this important factor as an entry condition, either through amending the existing laws or through the bilateral investment treaties.
The Appellate Body’s Power to Interpret the WTO Agreements and WTO Members’ Power to Disagree with the Appellate Body
Authors: Fukunaga Yuka 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The United States criticizes the Appellate Body for ‘making law’ by interpreting and applying the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements in disregard of the intention of WTO members. The criticism of the United States is not without legitimate basis in that Members have few tools with which they may weigh in on the interpretation of the WTO agreements, even if the Appellate Body makes an erroneous interpretation. As much as the Appellate Body’s contribution to the security and predictability of the multilateral trading system warrants praise, the dysfunction of legislative and political mechanisms to counterbalance the growing de facto ‘authority’ of the Appellate Body should be a cause for concern. Against this background, this article proposes a new mechanism that would allow Members to disagree with interpretations by the Appellate Body and pronounce their own interpretations of the WTO agreements. The mechanism would be built upon ‘interpretative declarations.’
Does ‘Action Viewing’ Really Exist? Perceived Dynamism and Viewing Behaviour
Authors: Brinkmann Hanna , Williams Louis , Rosenberg Raphael , McSorley Eugene 
Published: December 2019

Throughout the 20th century, there have been many different forms of abstract painting. While works by some artists, e.g., Piet Mondrian, are usually described as static, others are described as dynamic, such as Jackson Pollock’s ‘action paintings’. Art historians have assumed that beholders not only conceptualise such differences in depicted dynamics but also mirror these in their viewing behaviour. In an interdisciplinary eye-tracking study, we tested this concept through investigating both the localisation of fixations (polyfocal viewing) and the average duration of fixations as well as saccade velocity, duration and path curvature. We showed 30 different abstract paintings to 40 participants — 20 laypeople and 20 experts (art students) — and used self-reporting to investigate the perceived dynamism of each painting and its relationship with (a) the average number and duration of fixations, (b) the average number, duration and velocity of saccades as well as the amplitude and curvature area of saccade paths, and (c) pleasantness and familiarity ratings. We found that the average number of fixations and saccades, saccade velocity, and pleasantness ratings increase with an increase in perceived dynamism ratings. Meanwhile the saccade duration decreased with an increase in perceived dynamism. Additionally, the analysis showed that experts gave higher dynamic ratings compared to laypeople and were more familiar with the artworks. These results indicate that there is a correlation between perceived dynamism in abstract painting and viewing behaviour — something that has long been assumed by art historians but had never been empirically supported.
Emotions in fear appeals: Examining college students’ attitudes and behavioural intentions towards colorectal cancer prevention in Taiwan
Authors: Li Shu-Chu Sarrina , Lu Pei-Chi , Chen Shih-Chieh 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: One criticism of the extended parallel process model (EPPM) is its lack of focus on the role of emotion and its relation to behaviour change. Another criticism of the EPPM is regarding its proposition that threat and efficacy have a moderating effect on recipients’ attitudes and behaviours. This study aimed to examine emotions and the interaction effects of threat and efficacy to understand their effects on attitudes and behavioural intentions towards colorectal cancer prevention. Methods: The study adopted a pretest–posttest experimental design to collect data from a sample of college students. There were 631 participating students, but the total number of eligible subjects in this study was 402 students. Findings: Analysis shows that (1) anxiety plays a significant role in the reception of fear-appeal messages because it not only directly influences behavioural intentions but is also a full mediator in allowing perceived threat to affect intentions; (2) emotions influence subjects’ behavioural intentions but not their attitudes; and (3) perceived threat is more effective in changing subjects’ attitudes, while perceived efficacy is more influential in changing behavioural intentions. Conclusion: This study found that it was anxiety rather than fear that made a positive contribution to the effectiveness of fear-appeal messages. These findings showed that the high-threat/high-efficacy group achieved the best persuasive outcomes, followed by the high-threat/low-efficacy and the low-threat/high-efficacy group. The low-threat/low-efficacy group obtained the least persuasive results, which supports the additive model of the EPPM.
Diabetes Standard of Care Among Individuals Who Have Diabetes With and Without Cognitive Limitation Disabilities
Authors: Comer-HaGans DeLawnia , Austin Shamly , Ramamonjiarivelo Zo , Matthews Alicia K. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine diabetes standard of care among individuals who have diabetes with and without cognitive limitation disabilities (CLDs). Individuals with CLDs are more likely to develop diabetes and less likely to participate in diabetes standard of care services compared to those without CLDs. Methods We used pooled cross-sectional data (2011-2016) from the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (HC-MEPS). Dependent variables were utilization of dilated eye exams, foot checks, A1C blood tests, and engagement in moderate or vigorous physical exercise 5 times per week. Our independent variable was diabetes with CLDs vs diabetes without CLDs. We controlled for predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Results Findings suggest that individuals with diabetes and CLDs were less likely to engage in moderate or vigorous physical exercise 5 times per week compared to individuals without CLDs. For other diabetes care services, individuals with CLDs are as likely to participate in health services utilization as those without CLDs. Conclusions Our study supports research that indicates individuals with diabetes and CLDs were less likely to participate in physical exercise compared to individuals without CLDs. Conversely, individuals with diabetes and CLDs were just as likely to receive a dilated eye exam, have their feet checked, and have their A1C checked as individuals without CLDs, which is a very encouraging finding.
Biocompatibility of a polymer-coated membrane possessing a hydrophilic blood-contacting layer: Adsorption-related assessment
Authors: Tagaya Masashi , Okano Shinya , Murataka Takuo , Handa Hiroki , Ichikawa Shunsuke , Takahashi Shunsuke 
Published: December 2019

Objective: Currently, the foreign surfaces of extracorporeal circulation devices are coated with an acrylate-based copolymer that creates a hydrophilic blood-contacting layer to enhance biocompatibility. Several reports of acrylate-based copolymer with respect to biocompatibility have been published; however, the adsorption of peptide compounds on acrylate-based copolymer–coated membranes still requires clarity. In this study, we aimed to understand the adsorption of several peptide compounds of various molecular weights, including albumin, lysozyme, and vancomycin, on acrylate-based copolymer–coated membranes using in vitro studies. Methods: Six experimental circuits consisting of acrylate-based copolymer–coated tubes and membranes, and six comprising acrylate-based copolymer–coated tubes and non-coated membranes were prepared for comparison. An experimental solution, composed of albumin, lysozyme, vancomycin, and saline, was continuously stirred in a reservoir, recirculated in each experimental circuit, and then filtered. Concentrations of albumin, lysozyme, and vancomycin were measured after 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min of recirculation. Similar experiments were performed in all the prepared circuits. Results: The ratio of measured values at each time point to those at 0 min was not significantly different between acrylate-based copolymer–coated and non-coated membranes for albumin and lysozyme, but differed significantly for vancomycin; the ratios were higher in acrylate-based copolymer–coated than in non-coated membranes. Conclusion: This study suggests that albumin is not adsorbed on either acrylate-based copolymer–coated or non-coated membranes, that lysozyme is not adsorbed on either membrane or is adsorbed at a similar rate on both membranes, and that vancomycin is less adsorbed on acrylate-based copolymer–coated membranes. Thus, acrylate-based copolymer coating could inhibit the adsorption of various peptide compounds.
Exploring Parental Experiences of Using a Do-It-Yourself Solution for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Among Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Elbalshy Mona , Boucher Sara , Crocket Hamish , Galland Barbara , MacKenzie Craig , de Bock Martin I. , Jefferies Craig , Wiltshire Esko , Wheeler Benjamin J. 
Published: December 2019

Background: MiaoMiao (MM) is a Bluetooth transmitter, which when paired with a smart phone/device, converts the Abbott FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system into a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) continuous glucose monitor (CGM). Families are increasingly adopting DIY CGM solutions, but little is known about parent and child experiences with these add-on technologies. We aimed to explore experiences of families using MM-CGM including challenges faced and their advice to others who may choose to use the technology. Methods: Between May and July 2019, we conducted 12 semistructured interviews (in person or via video conference) with parents of children (aged ≤16 years) with type 1 diabetes using MM-CGM. Interviews were audio recorded; professionally transcribed and key themes were identified through thematic analysis. Results: Overall, parents used MM-CGM to proactively manage their child’s blood glucose. In all participants, this led to a perceived decrease in frequency of hypoglycemia. Participants reported that the visibility and easy access to blood glucose readings, glucose trends, and customized alarms on parent’s phones decreased their disease burden and improved their sleep quality. Common barriers to using MM-CGM included difficulty of the setting up process, connectivity issues, and lack of support from medical teams. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential feasibility of using a DIY CGM system like MM-CGM, which could be an empowering and cost-effective tool for enabling remote monitoring of blood glucose in real time.
Minimum data set development for a drug poisoning registry system
Authors: Hajesmaeel-Gohari Sadrieh , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz , Tajoddini Shahrad , R Niakan Kalhori Sharareh 
Published: December 2019

Objective Drug poisoning is the most prevalent type of poisoning throughout the world that can occur intentional or unintentional. Standard way for data gathering with uniform definitions is a requirement for preventing, controlling and managing of drug poisoning management. The purpose of this study was to develop a minimum data set, as an initial step, for a drug poisoning registry system in Iran. Methods This was descriptive and cross-sectional study that was performed in 2019. As the first step a comprehensive literature review was performed to retrieve related resources in Persian and English languages. For the second step the medical records of drug poisoning patients at Afzalipour hospital affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences were assessed. Related data from these two steps were gathered by a checklist. Finally, a questionnaire that was created based on the checklist data elements and had three columns of ‘essential,' ‘useful, but not essential', and ‘not essential' was used to reach a consensus on the data elements. Then the content validity ratio and the mean of experts’ judgments were calculated for each data element. The Cronbach’s alpha value for the entire questionnaire was obtained 0.9. Results The minimum data set of a drug poisoning registry system was categorised into the administrative part with three sections including 32 data elements, and clinical parts with six sections including 81 data elements. Conclusion This study provides a minimum data set for development of a drug poisoning registry system. Collecting this minimum data set is critical for helping policy makers and healthcare providers to prevent, control and manage drug poisoning.
The Impact of a Cycled Lighting Intervention on Nursing Home Residents: A Pilot Study
Authors: Giggins Oonagh M. , Doyle Julie , Hogan Ken , George Mable 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Achieving adequate levels of illumination to stimulate the circadian system can be difficult in a nursing home. The aim of this study was to examine the impact that a 4-week cycled lighting intervention had on activity, sleep, and mood in older adults living in a nursing home. Patients and methods: Ten residents were given an activity monitor to objectively measure activity and sleep, and subjective mood scores were also recorded during the study period. The cycled lighting intervention was designed to mimic normal natural daylight. Results: Some participants responded positively to the lighting intervention showing improvements in activity levels, sleep, and mood, while others showed no change or a continued decline. Conclusion: Although the results are inconclusive, a cycled lighting intervention remains a potentially promising intervention in the nursing home setting. Further studies with more robust measurements and a larger, more homogeneous cohort are required to investigate this further.
Transfer Semihydrogenation of Alkynes Catalyzed by Imidazo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylidene–Pd Complexes: Positive Effects of Electronic and Steric Features on N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands
Authors: Shibahara Fumitoshi , Mizuno Takahiro , Shibata Yoshifuru , Murai Toshiaki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To investigate the catalytic utility of the imidazo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylidene (IPC) ligand, Pd-catalyzed transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes with formic acid as a hydrogen source was conducted. The steric bulkiness of the substituent on N2 affected the configuration of the π-allyl moiety of the precatalyst of IPC-Pd-π-allyl complexes and the robustness of the catalytic process. The catalytic activities of IPC-Pd complexes were clearly higher than those of conventional NHC-Pd complexes.
Implementation and verification of high data availability on database
Authors: Chen Yen-Jen , Tsai Han 
Published: December 2019

This study provides a low-cost and high-availability database management system architecture for general Small/Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to backup database data access. To prove that the proposed architecture can support the high availability of the database, and can effectively avoid data loss in memory caused by failovers, this study applies the main test method of powering off the virtual machine and verified three cases on two commonly used databases MySQL and PostgreSQL: Case 1 proves that this study combines the database native disaster recovery mechanism to effectively achieve high availability of the database. Case 2 proves that it effectively controls the WAL (Write Ahead Log) of the PostgreSQL database and Redo log mechanism of the MySQL database, so that data correctness is maintained during failovers. Case 3 proves that it can analyze and control the timing of the database in writing data in the cache memory to the hard disk. This study also designed a failover process to avoid data loss during failovers due to no enough time to write the data in the cache memory back to the hard disk; and finally to realize the high-availability of the database management system architecture in a practical way.

Keywords: Database, DBMS, High Availability, Failover, DRBD
Is Internet Access a Matter of Freedom of Expression? Some Examples from Ukraine
Authors: Kelichavyi Bogdan , Metcalf Katrin Nyman 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Freedom of expression does not only mean absence of censorship or other restrictive content laws—it also means that people have real access to communication. Nowadays, internet is a key means of communication. In this article we explain the relevance of access to internet from legal, practical and market aspects for freedom of expression. To illustrate the question, we present the situation in Ukraine. We look at legislation, including restrictions due to national security—availability, affordability and accessibility of internet. Ukraine is an interesting example of a mixture of very positive indicators and some remaining restrictions.
Use of simulation by modelling of conveyor belt contact forces
Authors: Mikušová Nikoleta , Stopka Ondrej , Stopková Mária , Opettová Erika 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Intelligent conveyors include a large number of sensors and also signalling devices. So-called digital twin presents an advantage that creates a virtual image of a real conveyor. Simulation of the conveyor by simulation language can be an example of a tool of a conveyor virtual image. Simulation allows to test the proposed changes and in the case of functionality, to use the changes in the real operation of pipe conveyor. The paper presents the description of the simulated regression model of conveyor and realized simulation experiments within the regression model of pipe conveyor.
Design of evaluation tool used to improve the production process
Authors: Martina Hlatká , Karel Korec , Rudolf Kampf 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the use of statistical methods to ensure the highest quality processes. Specifically, it deals with creating an application in MS Excel which evaluates standard statistical parameters and if the required process capability indices are complied with, then it is possible to proceed to SPC (statistical process control). The application was created in MS Excel using the Visual Basic for Application programming language. In addition to the required calculations, the application also generates forms with all important data. This application was designed to reduce reject rate and improve the production process in a contracting company.
Numerical Modeling of p-v-T Rheological Equation Coefficients for Polypropylene with Variable Chalk Content
Authors: Jachowicz Tomasz , Gajdos Ivan , Krasinskiy Volodymyr 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper reports the experimental results of a study investigating the effect of different contents of a mineral filler on the rheological properties, p-v-T, of polypropylene. Using the pvT100 apparatus, we measured specific volume under isobaric cooling at different pressures for pure polypropylene and chalk-filled polypropylene (10 wt%, 20 wt% and 30 wt%). Next, we employed computer methods to determine the coefficients of a mathematical model describing the variations in specific volume in a function of temperature and pressure. The model was used in the numerical simulations of injection molding and shrinkage processes.
Optimization of shape memory alloy braces for concentrically braced steel braced frames
Authors: Babaei Sasan , Zarfam Panam 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Expanding the use of smart braced frames to govern the seismic response of structures by providing ductility and elasticity has been hampered and delayed by cost indexes. The braces in frames comprise two segments of expensive shape memory alloys (SMAs) and high-strength steel with high stiffness. These smart materials can reduce seismic damage by providing stiffness, yielding, and phase shifting. In this study, the length of the SMA segments in three- and six-story frames (applied either at all floors or as part of a dual system) was increased to determine the optimal length at a constant period. Performance levels and fragility curves were obtained to evaluate the seismic behavior of the optimized frame. The response modification factor determined based on the static pushover, incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis, and linear dynamic analysis suggests the ductility and over-strength of the optimized frame. The probability of being in or exceeding each damage state was determined with a Monte Carlo analysis and was acceptable and in accordance with previous deterministic analysis results.