bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tackling myths of common prescribing patterns in schizophrenia amongst Egyptian psychiatrists
Authors: Abolmagd Samir , Aly El-Gabry Dina , Elkholy Hussien , Abdel Aziz Karim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited data related to how psychiatrists actually choose amongst different medications, especially in Egypt. Our aim was to survey a sample of psychiatrists regarding common patterns of antipsychotic prescribing practices and review how these vary from the evidence-based. We conducted a qualitative, cross-sectional survey of 124 psychiatrists of different grades from hospitals across Cairo, Egypt. Questions were asked to elicit attitudes towards common antipsychotic prescribing practices and the use of treatment guidelines in schizophrenia.ResultsA total 77.4% participants said they would prescribe atypical antipsychotics as first-line treatment if cost were not an issue, 42.7% said they commonly add anticholinergics from the start with antipsychotics, 50% said they would maintain patients on anticholinergics for as long as they were receiving antipsychotics, 93.5% said they commonly or in some situations combine typical depot antipsychotics with oral atypical antipsychotics, 88.7% said they commonly or in some situations use antipsychotics in small doses for sedation, and 55.6% sometimes add a mood stabilizer to enhance the effect of antipsychotic drugs. Using logistic regression, physician grade significantly predicted whether participants commonly add anticholinergic medication from the start with antipsychotics (p= 0.001). Age and gender significantly predicted whether participants sometimes add a mood stabilizer to enhance the effect of antipsychotics (p< 0.05).ConclusionsWe demonstrated that several antipsychotic prescribing practices were not evidence-based, yet appeared to be prevalent in a large proportion of participants. A number of demographic and psychiatrist-related factors predicted certain prescribing patterns.
Exploration of anti-breast cancer effects of Terminalia chebula extract on DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Henry Deena Priscilla , Ranjan Jasmine , Murugan Rajesh Kumar , Sivanantham Annapoorani , Alagumuthu Manikandan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Plant extracts are effectively acting as the natural medicinal cocktail, non-side effective, efficacious, and freely available. The present study aimed to unveil the pharmacological and medicinal effects of Terminalia chebula plant extract in 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in Sprague Dawley rats. The plant extract obtained was subjected to in vivo antioxidant and anticancer studies in various concentrations after an analytical technique such as FTIR, GCMS, and HPLC-based chemo-profiling in Sprague Dawley rats.

Results
Apart from the antiproliferative effect on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10a), we have measured the changes in body weight, along with other tumor parameters such as tumor volume, tumor incidence, tumor weight, tumor burden, serum biochemical parameters, and histopathological findings of breast tissue. As the oxidative stress further enhances the development of cancer, the antioxidant property of the plant extract demonstrates its use against cancer treatment. One hundred fifty milligrams per milliliter (IC50 250 μg/mL) concentration of the ethanolic extract was vital for the proliferation of MCF-7 cell lines (Fig. 7a). Meanwhile, 300 μg/mL (IC50 150 μg/mL) was an effective dose to attain a maximum HDAC inhibition of 78%. Also, the normal liver and kidney functioning revealed the non-toxicity nature of the plant.

Conclusion
Terminalia chebula could be one of the effective naturally obtained anti-breast cancer medications. Isolation and characterization of individual bioactive compounds of T. chebula would be the future perspective.
Preoperative topical testosterone for penile hypospadias repair `a comparative study`
Authors: Wali Islam Mahmoud , AbouZeid Amr Abdelhamid , Radwan Nehal Ahmed , GadAllah Mohamed Abdel Sattar , Ghanem Wael Ahmed , El-Naggar Osama 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Although the outcome of hypospadias repair has much improved, repair of a small-sized phallus is still challenging. Whether preoperative hormonal therapy is beneficial remains controversial.
In this report, we prospectively conducted a clinical trial comparing two groups of patients regarding the effect of preoperative topical testosterone application on the outcome of primary hypospadias repair.

Results
The study included 40 cases of primary hypospadias with a small glans. Their age ranged from 6 months to 3 years. Patients were divided into two equal groups. Group A were treated by local application of testosterone topical gel 1% for 30–40 days and stopped one month before operation, while cases in group B did not receive preoperative hormonal treatment. Genital skin biopsies were taken for histopathological examination. For group A, penile measurements were documented before and after hormonal therapy.
There was a significant increase in all penile parameters after hormonal stimulation in group A. Interestingly, the ventral penile length proximal to the meatus showed more growth in response to hormonal stimulation compared to ventral penile length distal to meatus.
We did not find significant difference between both groups regarding the rate of postoperative complications. Also, the cosmesis and parent satisfaction were ‘more or less’ similar. On the histopathological level, we could not detect a difference between both groups regarding micro-vessel density using CD31, which is a vascular marker indicating neovascularization supposed to play a fundamental role in the healing process.

Conclusion
The use of preoperative topical testosterone significantly increases the size of the hypospadiac phallus. However, this increase in size appears to be disproportionate on the ventral penile surface and has not been reflected on improving the surgical outcome.

Level of evidence
This is a case control study (level III evidence).
Electroencephalography in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations
Authors: Mansour Howaida E. , Habeeb Reem A. , El-Azizi Noran O. , Afeefy Heba H. , Nassef Marwa A. , Abd Alkader Ahmed A. , Afifi Naglaa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Neuropsychiatric manifestations are frequently reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. This study was done to describe electroencephalographic (EEG) findings in SLE patients with neuropsychiatric manifestation (NPSLE).

Results
Among 60 SLE patients, there were 50 females (83.3%) and 10 males (16.7%). EEG abnormalities were reported in 12 patients out of 30 (40%) with NPSLE, while all patients with non-NPSLE (n = 30) had no EEG abnormalities; diffuse slowing (20%) was the most common abnormalities, followed by generalized epileptiform activity (13.3%), and lastly temporal epileptiform activity (6.7%). Seizure was the most reported neuropsychiatric disorder in 13 patients (43.3%); 8 of them had abnormal EEG (61.5%). Periventricular white matter lesion (23.3%) followed by infarction (13.3%) were the most common MRI brain findings among 53.3% of NPSLE group. Half of the cases with EEG abnormality had normal brain MRI. SLEDAI score and ACL IgM positivity were higher in the NPSLE group than the non-NPSLE group. EEG is not a sensitive or specific test for detecting NPSLE with sensitivity (37.5%) and specificity (57.1%).

Conclusion
Not all patients with NPSLE must have abnormal brain MRI or EEG. EEG is a useful assistant tool in the assessment of different manifestations of NPSLE, but it cannot be used as a screening test alone and must be supplemented by neuroimaging studies.
Our community needs us, and we need you
Authors: Burk Katie 
Published: December 2020

As the pandemic continues to impact our lives, and as aggressive energy transition discussions ensue, the future for our geophysical community has never felt so unpredictable. These are challenging times for us all, and we hope you're in good spirits and health. While there is a lot of uncertainty, please know that SEG and the SEG Foundation are doing everything possible to continue to provide much needed services and programs to our members. Now, more than ever, our community needs us, and we need you. Each year, the SEG Foundation raises funds to support many of the Society's excellent programs. SEG Foundation-funded programs are influential to the education of geophysics students and to the growth and development of thousands of practicing professionals around the world. None of this would be possible without the generous support of our donors.
The Effects of Ivacaftor on Bone Density and Microarchitecture in Children and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Putman Melissa S , Greenblatt Logan B , Bruce Michael , Joseph Taisha , Lee Hang , Sawicki Gregory , Uluer Ahmet , Sicilian Leonard , Neuringer Isabel , Gordon Catherine M , Bouxsein Mary L , Finkelstein Joel S 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContextCystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance (CFTR) dysfunction may play a role in CF-related bone disease (CFBD). Ivacaftor is a CFTR potentiator effective in improving pulmonary and nutritional outcomes in patients with the G551D-CFTR mutation. The effects of ivacaftor on bone health are unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of ivacaftor on bone density and microarchitecture in children and adults with CF.DesignProspective observational multiple cohort study.SettingOutpatient clinical research center within a tertiary academic medical center.Patients or Other ParticipantsThree cohorts of age-, race-, and gender-matched subjects were enrolled: 26 subjects (15 adults and 11 children) with CF and the G551D-CFTR mutation who were planning to start or had started treatment with ivacaftor within 3 months (Ivacaftor cohort), 26 subjects with CF were not treated with ivacaftor (CF Control cohort), and 26 healthy volunteers.InterventionsAll treatments, including Ivacaftor, were managed by the subjects’ pulmonologists.Main Outcome MeasuresBone microarchitecture by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone turnover markers at baseline, 1, and 2 years.ResultsCortical volume, area, and porosity at the radius and tibia increased significantly in adults in the Ivacaftor cohort. No significant differences were observed in changes in aBMD, trabecular microarchitecture, or estimated bone strength in adults or in any outcome measures in children.ConclusionsTreatment with ivacaftor was associated with increases in cortical microarchitecture in adults with CF. Further studies are needed to understand the implications of these findings.
Comparison of 3D T1-SPACE and DSA in evaluation of intracranial in-stent restenosis
Authors: Shao Qiuji , Li Qiang , Wu Qiaowei , Li Tianxiao , Li Li , Chang Kaitao 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
In-stent restenosis (ISR) after stenting for intracranial stenosis is a significant issue. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the 3D T1-SPACE technique in the follow-up of patients after stent implantation.

Methods:
Fifteen patients with intracranial arterial stenosis were prospectively enrolled 6–8 months after stenting. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and 3D T1-SPACE imaging were performed to evaluate the degree of stenosis and the enhancement of the vessel wall. Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the agreement between the two imaging methods, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated as a measure of the linear correlation.

Results:
Eight Enterprise stents and seven Wingspan stents were used in 15 patients. The follow-up DSA after 6–8 months showed that the degree of stenosis was 40% (range, 30–72%), and ISR occurred in 4 of 15 (26.7%) lesions. The degree of stenosis assessed using the 3D T1-SPACE imaging technique was 35% (range, 30–75%). All four patients with ISR demonstrated significant enhancement. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.959 (p &lt; 0.05), and the Bland–Altman plot showed that all data points were within the consistency limits (x- ± 1.96 s).

Conclusion:
As a non-invasive imaging modality, 3D T1-SPACE showed great consistency with DSA in measuring the degree of stenosis after intracranial stenting. It may be used as an optional method for detecting ISR.

Advances in knowledge:
This study evaluated the usefulness of 3D T1-SPACE technique in the follow-up of patients after stent implantation, which could be used as an optional and non-invasive method in detection of in-stent restenosis.
Accuracy of three cone-beam CT devices and two software systems in the detection of vertical root fractures
Authors: Caetano Aline PF , Sousa Thiago O , Oliveira Mariana R , Evanglista Karine , Bueno Juliano M , Silva Maria AG 
Published: December 2020

Objectives : The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of vertical root fracture (VRF) detection using three tomography devices and two software systems in teeth with different endodontic fillings. Methods: The sample consisted of 45 premolars divided into 3 groups: No filling (NF, n=15); Gutta percha (GP, n=15) and Metallic Post (MP, n=15). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were acquired in Kodak 9000 3D, Orthopantomography 300 (OP300) and PreXion 3D devices, before and after induced root fractures. Two oral radiologists analyzed all images using InVivoDental and e-Vol DX software systems. The analysis was repeated after 15 days in 30% of the sample. Data analysis compared receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, as well the areas under the ROC curves. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were calculated according to each tomographic device and software. Intra- and interexaminer reliability were tested using the Kappa coefficient. Results: The highest accuracy was seen in the image set from the PreXion 3D, using InVivo (0.96) or e-Vol DX (0.92) in image analysis. The OP300 device presented a similar performance of the PreXion 3D in teeth with different endodontic fillings. When using e-Vol DX, the accuracy of Kodak 9000 3D improved from 0.62 to 0.74. Conclusions: The PreXion 3D device is the most accurate when detecting VRF, with a performance similar to the OP300 in endodontic filled teeth. Kodak 9000 3D is indicated for teeth without fillings, with better accuracy using e-Vol DX software.
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological falls prevention interventions for people with Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease and stroke: protocol for an umbrella review
Authors: O'Malley Nicola , Clifford Amanda M. , Comber Laura , Coote Susan 
Published: December 2020

Background: Falls are common among people with neurological diseases and have many negative physical, psychosocial and economic consequences. Implementation of single-diagnosis falls prevention interventions is currently problematic due to lack of participants and resources. Given the similarities in falls risk factors across stroke, Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the development of an intervention designed for mixed neurological populations seems plausible and may provide a pragmatic solution to current implementation challenges. This umbrella review aims to summarise the totality of evidence regarding the effectiveness of non-pharmacological falls prevention interventions for people with MS, PD and stroke and identify the commonalities and differences between effective interventions for each disease to inform the development of an evidence-based intervention that can be tailored for people with mixed diagnoses. Methods: This umbrella review will be conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. 15 electronic databases and grey literature will be searched. Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials and studies investigating the effects of non-pharmacological falls prevention interventions on falls outcomes among people with MS, PD and stroke will be included. Methodological quality of included reviews will be assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 tool. The Grading of Recommendations Assessments, Development and Evaluation framework will be used to rate the quality of evidence. A summary of evidence table and narrative synthesis will be utilised to clearly indicate the findings. Discussion: This umbrella review presents a novel and timely approach to synthesise existing falls literature to identify effective non-pharmacological interventions for people with MS, PD and stroke. Of importance, a robust methodology will be used to explore the differences and similarities in effective interventions for individuals with these neurological conditions to facilitate the development of an intervention for these mixed neurological groups.
Electronic data capture for large scale typhoid surveillance, household contact tracing, and health utilisation survey: Strategic Typhoid Alliance across Africa and Asia
Authors: Thindwa Deus , Farooq Yama G. , Shakya Mila , Saha Nirod , Tonks Susan , Anokwa Yaw , Gordon Melita A. , Hartung Carl , Meiring James E. , Pollard Andrew J. , Heyderman Robert S. ,   The Strategic Typhoid alliance across Africa and Asia consortium
Published: December 2020

Electronic data capture systems (EDCs) have the potential to achieve efficiency and quality in collection of multisite data. We quantify the volume, time, accuracy and costs of an EDC using large-scale census data from the STRATAA consortium, a comprehensive programme assessing population dynamics and epidemiology of typhoid fever in Malawi, Nepal and Bangladesh to inform vaccine and public health interventions. A census form was developed through a structured iterative process and implemented using Open Data Kit Collect running on Android-based tablets. Data were uploaded to Open Data Kit Aggregate, then auto-synced to MySQL-defined database nightly. Data were backed-up daily from three sites centrally, and auto-reported weekly. Pre-census materials’ costs were estimated. Demographics of 308,348 individuals from 80,851 households were recorded within an average of 14.7 weeks range (13-16) using 65 fieldworkers. Overall, 21.7 errors (95% confidence interval: 21.4, 22.0) per 10,000 data points were found: 13.0 (95% confidence interval: 12.6, 13.5) and 24.5 (95% confidence interval: 24.1, 24.9) errors on numeric and text fields respectively. These values meet standard quality threshold of 50 errors per 10,000 data points. The EDC’s total variable cost was estimated at US$13,791.82 per site. In conclusion, the EDC is robust, allowing for timely and high-volume accurate data collection, and could be adopted in similar epidemiological settings.
Design and optimization method of a convex blazed grating in the Offner imaging spectrometer
Authors: Xiong Zhencong , He Wenjun , Wang Qi , Liu Zhiying , Fu Yuegang , Kong Dejie 
Published: December 2020

The convex reflective diffraction grating is an essential optical component in Offner systems, which has been widely used in imaging spectrometers. We propose a new design and optimization method for the convex blazed grating in the Offner imaging spectrometer. The method integrates the macro- and microdesign of the optical system, and it can be used to design and optimize the convex blazed grating with high diffraction efficiency. Traditional geometric optics theory and image quality evaluation methods are used to design the macro-optical structure parameters of the Offner system. And then the incident ray information, such as the incident angle and the polarization states are calculated by using the three-dimensional polarization ray-tracing method. To improve the diffraction efficiency, we combine rigorous coupled wave analysis and a particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the microstructure parameters of the convex-blazed grating. Further, a convex-blazed grating in a mid-wave infrared Offner imaging spectrometer is designed as an example to illustrate our design method in detail. The design results indicate that the Offner imaging spectrometer has good imaging quality, and the average diffraction efficiency of the −1st diffraction order of the convex-blazed grating in the spectral coverage 3–5 µm is 82.24%. Compared to the traditional design method, the lowest spectral diffraction efficiency is improved from 59.88% to 69.24%, the highest spectral diffraction efficiency is improved from 90.45% to 91.84%, and the standard deviation is reduced from 7.82 to 6.62.
Low SNR difference Nyquist-WDM channels with optical sinc-shaped pulses based on flat electro-optic frequency combs
Authors: Dong Fang , Chen Guangqiu , Liu Zheqi , Lin Peng , Zhang Ying , Ma Wanzhuo , Wang Tianshu , Liu Zhi 
Published: December 2020

We experimentally demonstrate Nyquist wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) channels with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) difference based on flat electro-optic combs (EOCs), which reduce the interchannel crosstalk penalty in Nyquist-WDM transmission with no guard band. The five Nyquist-WDM channels are generated through the insertion of uniform and coherent lines around each line of the EOCs from a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator. For the five channels, the normalized root-mean-square error of optical sinc-shaped pulses at a repetition rate of 9 GHz is between 1.23% and 2.04%. The SNRs of the Nyquist signal can be better than 30 dB by using flat EOCs with a narrow linewidth as WDM sources, and the difference in SNR is less than 0.6 dB for the WDM channels. The transmission performance of five Nyquist-WDM channels with no guard band is compared in a 56 km fiber link. The results show that our scheme provides a minimum interchannel sensitivity penalty of 0.7 dB at the forward-error-correction limit. The Nyquist-WDM channels with low SNR difference can effectively improve the communication performance of the Nyquist-WDM system.
Towards capability-adjusted life years in public health and social welfare: Results from a Swedish survey on ranking capabilities
Authors: Månsdotter Anna , Ekman Björn , Meili Kaspar Walter , Feldman Inna , Hagberg Lars , Hurtig Anna-Karin , Lindholm Lars 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to rank capabilities and suggest a relevant set of capabilities for the Swedish context to inform the development of capability-adjusted life years (CALYs). CALYs is a quality of life measure for policy making based on the capability approach by Amartya Sen.Materials and methodsA Swedish governmental review proposed the following 10 relevant capabilities: time, financial situation, mental/physical health, political resources, knowledge, living environment, occupation, social relations, security, and housing. Researchers in health-related disciplines from 5 universities ranked these capabilities from 1 to 10 (most to least important) in a web-based cross-sectional survey; 115 of 171 responses were eligible.ResultsHealth, social relations, and financial situation were deemed most important. Stratification by gender, research field, and age group revealed few differences. We found that it was possible to rank capabilities and that health, social relations, and financial situation were ranked highest by a non-representative sample of researchers and doctoral students from health-related disciplines at five Swedish universities.ConclusionsThe revealed ranking is dependent on the metric and must be further explored. The findings support continued development of CALYs for monitoring and evaluating outcomes in public health and social-welfare interventions.