bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MIMOSINE - A NOVEL SUBSTANCE AND EVALUATE THE LIPID PEROXIDATION
Authors: K G DHANYA , M THANGAVEL 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The mimosine is a novel substance extracted and purified from Mimosa pudica. The present study is to evaluate lipid peroxidation (LPO).
Methods: The sox halation is used to differentiate extracts. Mimosine is purified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of M. pudica against alcohol-induced albino rats. This was evident from significant of M. pudica on LPO and antioxidants liver of rats.
Results: By GC–MS and LC–MS, the mimosine is purified and it shows the highest peak. The phytochemical analysis of M. pudica and the activity of the enzyme antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase is 176.83 g and peroxidase is 0.989 g, were found to be present in the plant extract of M. pudica. In rat treated with toxic dose of alcohol, a significant increase in serum and liver were observed. Simultaneous oral administration of the aqueous extract of M. pudica reduced the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity to a significant extent compared to control. LDH, a cytosolic liver marker enzyme, is a regulator of many biochemical reactions in the body tissues and the fluid.
Conclusion: The result obtained in our work, existence of bioactive substance proves that it is mainly used as a traditional medicine. The phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, tannin, phenolic, saponins, proteins, and amino acids. The liver showed that the induction of alcohol causes hepatic necrosis and injury, but it is cured by M. pudica.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI (EF8; ASPERGILLUS SP.3) ISOLATED FROM BOERHAVIA DIFFUSA L., STEM.
Authors: THAKUR DEEPENDRA , SAHANI KAMANA 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the present investigation was to find phytochemical constituents of endophytic fungi Aspergillus sp.3 isolated from Boerhavia diffusa L. stem.
Methods: Both qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was performed.
Results: In the present investigation, endophytic fungi was isolated from the medicinal plant B. diffusa L. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was performed from the endophytic fungi Aspergillus sp.3 which showed the presence of phenol, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids, 11.66±0.577, 17.66±0.577, 1.746±0.0057, 0.446±0.0057, and 9.746±0.0057 (μg of standard/mg of extract), respectively.
Conclusion: Hence, the endophytic fungi isolated from B. diffusa L. could be regarded as good sources of bioactive compounds for drug formulations.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ROOT AND LEAF EXTRACTS OF LEUCAS ASPERA
Authors: K VASUDHA , D ARCHANA , B MUTYALAMMA , B KISHORI 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical screening, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities from the roots and leaves of Leucas aspera.
Methods: The phytochemical screening and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of root and leaf extracts were studied using standard methods. The disk diffusion method was performed to analyze the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract, methanol extract and hexane extract of root and leaf against to selected bacterial and fungal strains. Antibiotics, streptomycin and nystatin were used as standards for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and scavenging of H2O2 free radicals.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts exhibited the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, steroids flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and phlobatannins. Leaf extracts exhibited effective antibacterial and antifungal activities compared with root extracts against all the tested bacteria and fungi. ME of the leaves exhibited highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (12.8±0.31 mm), followed by Bacillus subtilis (11.4±0.3 mm), Escherichia coli (9.8±0.21 mm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.3±0.29 mm). Leaf extracts of L. aspera showed effective scavenging activity compared with root extracts. ME of the leaves showed maximum scavenging activities of 38.39 and 36.85%, respectively, against DPPH and H2O2 free radicals with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 136.17 and 142.42 μg/ml.
Conclusion: Phytochemical analysis and FTIR spectrum revealed that different plant secondary metabolites particularly alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids could be responsible for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of L. aspera leaf extracts.
IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS ISOLATED FROM SIMILIPAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE, ODISHA, INDIA
Authors: DAS IPSITA , KU PANDA MRUNMAYA , C.RATH CHANDI 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The purpose of our study was to isolate and identify the bacteriocinogenic strain exhibiting broad range antimicrobial activity and to analyze the effect of different culturing conditions on the production of an antimicrobial metabolites isolated from the soil of Simlipal Biosphere Reserve, India.
Methods: In the current study, bacterial strains were screened for antimicrobial activity from soil samples of five different regions. The effect of varying culture conditions such as pH, incubation period, and temperature along with carbon and nitrogen sources with and without certain salts was studied. The characterization of the potent strain was studied by morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA genetic sequencing. A phylogenetic affiliation of the strain was studied.
Results: A total of 31 out of 245 strains isolated from soil were screened on the basis of antimicrobial results against the test pathogens. On the basis of bacteriocin-like inhibition studies method, one potential isolate that exhibited the highest inhibition against all the pathogens was selected. The optimization of highest antimicrobial metabolite production by the isolate with the influence of physical parameters was found as the incubation period of 3 days with 37°C temperature at pH 8 and for the chemical parameters dextrose was showed the most effective carbon sources when implemented with salts and yeast extract as the best sources of nitrogen with salts. The crude metabolite showed an absorbance peak value of 1.234 with optimum ƛ-max at 214 nm. The potent isolate showed maximum identity with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (99% similarity) with highest query coverage on basic local alignment search tool search analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close affiliation of the isolate with B. amyloliquefaciens (KC494392.1) having antimicrobial activity.
Conclusion: The findings revealed that the incubation period, temperature, pH, and the culture medium have a direct influence on the production of metabolites. These parameters can be modified for the improvement of the fermentation process.
ANTIFERTILITY ACTIVITY OF DECASCHISTIA CROTONIFOLIA LEAF EXTRACT ON MALE RATS
Authors: SHAIK AFSAR , RAJU YALAVARTHI PRASANNA , BONNOTH CHANDRASEKHAR KOTHAPALLI 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective was to investigate the male antifertility effect of Decaschistia crotonifolia leaf extract on male Wistar rats.
Methods: The animals were divided into three groups of five animals each. The first group (I) served as control and received normal saline, and remaining Groups II and III were treated with plant extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o., respectively, for 21 days.
Results: Dose-dependent significant decrease in the weight of testes and epididymis was observed. Furthermore, a dose-related reduction in sperm count and motility was observed. A significant decrease in testosterone levels leading to infertility was also observed.
Conclusion: The 70% methanolic leaf extract of D. crotonifolia has produced dose-dependent antifertility effect on male rats.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MODERATELY VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF THE OIL EXTRACTED FROM THE SEEDS OF DACRYODES EDULIS G. LAM
Authors: C MORDI RAPHAEL , OLASEHINDE GRACE I , P OKEDERE ADEBOLA , N ELEGWULE ARNOLD , AYO-AJAYI JOAN I , O JOHNATHAN HASSANA , E ONIBOKUN ADEOLA , A AJAYI ADESOLA , O UCHENNA DANIEL 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Dacryodes edulis is a versatile plant in many African countries, as its various parts are employed to treat several diseases. Like most plants used in traditional medicine, the possible mechanism by which D. edulis functions is still unknown. This study was designed to investigate the components of the plant seed with a view of justifying its use as traditional medicine.
Methods: The seed oil of D. edulis was exhaustively extracted with a Soxhlet extractor from 500 g seeds and 200 g seeds of D. edulis using ethanol and petroleum ether as solvent, respectively. The extraction solvent was removed to obtain the oil which was then subjected to antimicrobial activity test to determine its activity against the following clinical isolates namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli using gentamycin as positive control. Phytochemical screening and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were carried out following standard methods
Results: Ethanolic extract resulted in a higher percentage of oil yield (11.6%) than petroleum ether (5.3%). D. edulis seed oil showed remarkable activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates: E. coli, Bacillus spp, and S. aureus but not against P. aeruginosa. The presence of saponins, quinones, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, and phenol was confirmed during qualitative phytochemical screening, and the preliminary results from GC-MS analysis show the presence of terpinen-4-ol, 4,6,6-trimethyl bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one, ethyl 14-methyl-hexadecanoate, methyl 19-methyl-eicosanoate, squalene, C-14 to C-18 fatty acids, and their esters.
Conclusion: The study, therefore, confirms that the use of D. edulis as component of traditional medicine may be justified.
EVALUATING THE BEST POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL AS SOLID DISPERSION CARRIER BY TAKING ETORICOXIB AS A MODEL DRUG
Authors: A HEMANTH , ABDUL AHAD HINDUSTAN , N DEVANNA 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The main objective of the current research is focused in discovering the best polyethylene glycol (PEG) as solid dispersion carrier using etoricoxib (ECB) as a model drug.
Methods: Varieties of PEG, namely PEG - 3350, PEG - 4000, PEG - 6000, PEG - 8000, and PEG - 20000, were evaluated as a carrier for making ECB solid dispersions. ECB:PEG was taken in the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6. The solid dispersions were prepared by microwave fusion method and compressed using 8 station tablet compression machine. The fabricated solid dispersion tablets were tested for physicochemical characteristics and drug release rates. The release of ECB from the prepared solid dispersions was further analyzed kinetically using the first order and Hixson-Crowell’s plots.
Results: All the solid dispersion batches were shown satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. ECB solid dispersion batches with PEG - 6000 showed good solubility in distilled water (up to 2.29±0.01 μg/ml) and in 0.1 N HCl (up to 2.18±0.01 μg/ml) when compared with ECB alone (0.21±0.01 μg/ml and 0.32±0.01 μg/ml). The prepared solid dispersions with PEG 6000 are shown good ECB release.
Conclusion: Among PEG carriers, PEG - 6000 was found to be the best carrier for increasing the solubility and release rate of ECB form the solid dispersions compared to PEG - 3350, PEG - 4000, PEG - 8000, and PEG - 20000.
THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF AN EQUAL DOSE OF DIFFERENT CLASSES OF PHYTOCHEMICALS ON HEME OXYGENASE-1 GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN MICE LIVER
Authors: ABDULLAH AZMAN , ALRAWAIQ NADIA SALEM , ATIA AHMED 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is enzyme that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective functions. Induction of HO-1 occurs as an adaptive and beneficial response to various injurious stimuli such as oxidative stress. This study is aimed at monitoring the effects of administration of equal doses (50 mg/kg) of sulforaphane (SFN), curcumin, quercetin, indole-3-carbinol, and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) for 14 days on the levels of liver HO-1 gene and protein expression in mice.
Method: A total of 48 adult male ICR white mice (25–30 g) were divided into eight groups: Normal control group (n=6), SFN-treated group (n=6), quercetin-treated group (n=6), curcumin-treated group (n=6), BHA-treated group (n=6), indole-3-carbinol treated group (n=6), vehicle 1 control group (n=6), and vehicle 2 control group (n=6). All chemicals were administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 14 days. Vehicle 1 (dimethyl sulfoxide, TweenTM 20, and normal saline at a ratio of 0.05:0.1:0.85) was used to dissolve SFN, quercetin, and curcumin. Vehicle 2 (corn oil) was used to dissolve indole-3-carbinol and BHA. At day 15, the animals were sacrificed and their livers were isolated. From the liver, total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed and subjected to quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction to detect HO-1 gene expression. Agarose gel electrophoresis was also performed to verify the specificity of the amplification. HO-1 protein expression was determined by Western blotting.
Results: HO-1 gene expression showed significant increase of 4.6±0.3, 3.6±0.2, 3.6±0.4, 3.3±0.3, and 3.0±0.4-fold and HO-1 protein expression showed significant increase of 2.3±0.2, 2.2±0.2, 2.2±0.1, 1.8±0.1, and 1.7±0.2-fold following treatment with 50 mg/kg of SFN, indole-3-carbinol, BHA, curcumin, and quercetin, respectively, compared to controls (p<0.05).
Conclusion: At a dose of 50 mg/kg, SFN administration for 14 days resulted in the highest induction of HO-1 gene and protein expression level in mice liver, and quercetin the lowest.
CLEANING VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE AND RAPID REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ASPIRIN AND ROSUVASTATIN
Authors: NAZARETH CELINA , FIZARDO GISELLE , VAZ CHARMAINE 
Published: October 2019

Objective: This study describes a new, simple, precise, accurate, and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) cleaning validation method for simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin and aspirin.
Methods: The proposed RP-HPLC method was carried out on AGILENT-ZORBAX RP-Inertsil column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) in an isocratic mode utilizing potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.5 with OPA):acetonitrile (50:50,v/v) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 243 nm using UV detector.
Results: The method was found specific as there was no swab interference. The Beer–Lambert’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 0.5–20 μg/ml for both rosuvastatin and aspirin. The mean percentage recoveries at 100% level were 89.4% for rosuvastatin and 82.1% for aspirin. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for rosuvastatin and aspirin were 0.03 μg/ml and 0.1 μg/ml, respectively. The method was found to be robust and precise with percentage RSD <2.0%.
Conclusion: A simple, novel, and economical RP-HPLC method for cleaning validation has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin and aspirin. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The developed method can be used as a sensitive analytical tool for ensuring the effectiveness of the cleaning procedure adopted.
DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL AND MODIFIED GUM BASED SUSTAINED-RELEASE FILM-COATED TABLETS CONTAINING POORLY WATER-SOLUBLE DRUG
Authors: SHUKLA AJAY KUMAR , SINGH BISHNOI RAM , KUMAR MANISH , JAIN C.P. 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this work was to the development of natural and modified gum based sustained-release film-coated tablets containing poorly water-soluble drug.
Methods: Tamarind seed gum (TSG), fenugreek seed gum (FSG), sodium trimetaphosphate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium alginate (SA), and nifedipine (NFD) were used. The core tablets of nifedipine were prepared and evaluated for weight, diameters, thickness, hardness, and disintegration time. The core tablets were coated using 2% w/v solution of TSG, MTSG, FSG, and MFSG. The in vitro release rate of drug from these coated tablets was compared with the release rate of drug from the tablets coated with 2% w/v of HPMC.
Results: The tablets coated with natural and modified TSG sustained the release of the drug up to 11 h and 14 h, respectively, and natural and modified FSG sustained release the drug up to 9 h and 11 h, respectively. The tablets coated with HPMC sustained released the drug up to 15 h. The drug release profile of tablets coated with modified TSG was comparable to the release profile of tablets coated with HPMC.
Conclusion: On the basis of the release profile, it is concluded that unmodified and modified TSG can be used as release rate-controlling membrane.
PATIENTS’ KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES ON UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA MANAGEMENT IN PLATEAU STATE, NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA
Authors: S JIMAM NANLOH , E ISMAIL NAHLAH 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to assess patients’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on uncomplicated malaria management in primary health-care (PHC) facilities of Plateau state, Nigeria.
Methods: A validated self-reported scale known as patients’ KAP instrument for uncomplicated malaria with Cronbach’s alpha reliability of 0.74 was administered to 956 patients that consented to participate in the study across 24 PHC facilities in the state between May and July 2017. The collated data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®) version 23 software.
Results: There were more female participants (53.5%) compared to the males (46.5%), and majority (33.4%) within the age range of 28 and 37 years with 26.5% falling within the age range of 18–27 years and children of <18 years of age constituted 13.8% of the study population. About 42.1% of the respondents were married, and many either had secondary (37.3%) or primary (30.0%) education as their highest qualifications. With overall mean (±standard deviation [SD]) attitudes’ score of 34.55 (±7.20), majority (50.8%) were categorized as having average positive attitudes toward disease and its management, and many of them (55.2%) also had good knowledge (mean [±SD] score=4.59 [±1.44]) and practices (67.1%) (mean [±SD] score=14.98 [±3.44]) on the disease and its management.
Conclusion: The study indicated respondents’ knowledge and practices on uncomplicated malaria as good, while their attitudes toward the disease and its management were average.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY-INDICATING REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF LEDIPASVIR IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: R GHANTE MINAL , D SAWANT SANJAY , SHINDE AMOLDEEP , GODSE SHITAL , S NIKAM VANDANA 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of ledipasvir (LDP) in bulk and tablet formulation.
Methods: Stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of LDP in bulk and tablet formulation. RP-HPLC was carried out on HiQ SiL C18 columns (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ particle size) using mobile phase acetonitrile:1 mM ammonium acetate buffer in the ratio of 90:10 v/v at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The analytes were monitored using MD 2010 PDA detector at 333 nm.
Results: The retention time was found to be 3.843 min. The proposed method was found to be having linearity in the concentration range of 5–30 μg/ml. The number of theoretical plates obtained was 4236.50 which indicate the efficient performance of the column. The limit of detection was 0.305 μg/ml and limit of quantification was 0.923 μg/ml, which indicate the sensitivity of the method; the high percentage recovery indicates that the proposed method is highly accurate. The developed method has been validated according to the ICH guidelines and found to be simple, specific, precise, and accurate.
Conclusion: The proposed method is precise, accurate, and stability indicating. Therefore, the proposed method can be used for routine quality control and analysis of LDP during stability studies in bulk samples and tablet dosage forms.
EVALUATION OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA (BLACK CUMIN) OIL AGAINST VANCOMYCIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: OMRAN SARAH T , H AHMED JAWAD 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The study was designed to investigate a possible protective effect of Nigella sativa (NS) against vancomycin (VAN)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Methods: Twenty-eight adult male Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups; seven rats in each. Group I (control): The animals were treated with normal saline (2 ml/kg/day) given orally and intraperitoneally (IP); Group II: VAN was given at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day for 7 days IP and normal saline orally; Group III: NS oil was given at a dose of 2 ml/kg/day for seven days orally and normal saline IP; and Group IV: VAN 400 mg/kg/day IP in combination with NS oil 2 ml/kg/day orally for 7 days. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, the animals were sacrificed, and serum was collected to estimate urea and creatinine. Then, both kidneys were excised, one for homogenate preparation to estimate renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and the other for histopathological examination.
Results: NS significantly decreased serum urea and creatinine compared to VAN treated group, p<0.001. NS significantly increased renal tissue GSH compared to VAN treated group p<0.001. NS lowered MDA and NGAL levels in the homogenate of renal tissues compared to their elevated levels in rats treated with VAN, but this did not achieve statistical significance. NS also ameliorated renal histopathological changes induced by VAN.
Conclusion: NS has a protective effect against VAN-induced nephrotoxicity.
INVESTIGATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY (IN VITRO) AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY PROFILING OF PORTULACA OLERACEA L. AND PORTULACA GRANDIFLORA HOOK. EXTRACTS
Authors: AO KINICHENKO 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity (AOA) of the methanolic extracts of different parts of Portulaca oleracea and Portulaca grandiflora.
Methods: The plant different parts were extracted with methanol. The methanolic extracts of both species were screened for 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging abilities and researched by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
Results: GC-MS analysis of P. oleracea root extract revealed the presence of 39 biologically active compounds. 32 biologically active compounds were identified in P. grandiflora root extract. Both extracts revealed the AOA.
Conclusion: The results of the investigation could be useful for further pharmacological and phytochemical researches to assess the beneficial properties of both these species.