bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adequacy of lymph node harvest following colectomy for obstructed and nonobstructed colon cancer
Authors: Azin Arash , Hirpara Dhruvin H. , Draginov Arman , Khorasani Mohammadali , Patel Sunil V. , O'Brien Catherine , Quereshy Fayez A. , Chadi Sami A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTechnical and clinical differences in resection of obstructed and non‐obstructed colon cancers may result in differences in lymph node retrieval. The objective of this study is to compare the lymph node harvest following resection of obstructed and nonobstructed colon cancer patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis utilizing the 2014–2018 NSQIP colectomy targeted data set was conducted. One‐to‐one coarsened exact matching (CEM) was utilized between patients undergoing resection for obstructed and non‐obstructed colon cancer. The primary outcome was the adequacy of lymph node retrieval (LNR, ≥12 nodes).ResultsCEM resulted in 9412 patients. Patients with obstructed tumors were more likely to have inadequate LNR (13.3% vs 8.2%, p < .001) compared to those with nonobstructed tumors. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients with obstructing tumors had worse LNR compared to non‐obstructed tumors (odds ratio [OR]: 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.87; p < .005). Increased age (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.098–0.99), presence of preoperative sepsis (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.055–0.90), left‐sided and sigmoid tumors compared to right‐sided (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.51–0.81; OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.58–0.82, respectively), and open surgical resection compared to an minimally invasive surgical approach were associated with inadequate LNR (p < .05).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that resection for obstructing colon cancer compared to non‐obstructed colon cancer is associated with increased odds of inadequate lymph node harvest.
PCA Atrophy and Synkinesis as the Main Factors for Persistent Vocal Fold Immobility in RLN Paralysis
Authors: Foerster Gerhard , Mueller Andreas H. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisAn immobile vocal fold due to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury usually shows no gross signs of atrophy and lies near the midline. In 1881, Felix Semon proposed that this phenomenon was due to a selective injury of nerve fibers supplying the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) and supported this with postmortem proof of selective PCA atrophy. In recent decades, evidence has emerged that the RLN regenerates after injury but does not always result in useful motion of the vocal folds. It has been proposed that this is caused by laryngeal synkinesis. Laryngeal synkinesis describes a random distribution of regenerated nerve fibers to opposing vocal fold muscles. This study was conducted to clarify the relative contribution of these two potential pathomechanisms in our patient population.Study DesignRetrospective case analysis.MethodsRetrospective analysis of laryngeal EMG results from cases with RLN paralysis of at least 6 months duration seen at our neurolaryngology clinic.ResultsOut of 118 PCA EMGs, there was not a single normal or near‐normal tracing, whilst 33.3% of TA EMGs indicated normal or near normal innervation. PCA EMGs showed signs of persistent high‐grade partial denervation (41.5%) as a sign of atrophy, moderate or strong synkinesis (21.2%), or a combination of both (37.3%).ConclusionsIn chronic RLN paralysis the intrinsic laryngeal muscles are affected to different extents either by atrophy or synkinesis or a combination of both. The PCA is always affected. The lesser damage to TA innervation explains the commonly seen maintenance of vocal fold muscle bulk.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1244–E1248, 2021
Endoscopic Denker's Approach for the Treatment of Extensive Sinonasal Tumors: Our Experience
Authors: Stavrakas Marios , Karkos Petros D. , Tsinaslanidou Zinovia , Constantinidis Jannis 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesSurgical management of large sinonasal tumors, spreading to the pterygopalatine, and infratemporal fossae have always been a challenge for the ENT surgeon and the multidisciplinary team.MethodsEndoscopic Denker's approach allows complete exposure of the anterior, inferior, and lateral recesses of the maxillary sinus, without necessitating a gingivobuccal or a transseptal incision. Moreover, endoscopic Denker's approach facilitates direct, straight entry to the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae.ResultsTwenty‐two patients with extensive sinonasal pathology underwent resection via an endoscopic Denker's approach at our institution, with the majority of them being diagnosed with JNA and inverted papilloma. Denker's procedure facilitated wide exposure of the surgical field and total tumor resection, without significant perioperative complications and good disease‐free results in follow up.ConclusionsOur experience is in accordance with the literature, where this approach seems to be superior to alternative options for accessing the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae. We believe that adequate expertise in endoscopic sinonasal surgery is necessary prior to embarking on this technique, but in general, it represents a valuable tool in the surgeon's armamentarium.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1458–1462, 2021
A tunable LTCC fourth‐order bandpass filter with high selectivity for L‐band satellite applications
Authors: Zhang Jun , You Chang Jiang , Jiao Zhuofan , Zhu Jianhua , Xiao Qian , Cai Jingye 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis Letter presents a varactor‐loaded double‐layer coupled stripline resonator to implement compact fourth‐order tunable bandpass filter. The whole structure of the proposed resonator consists of two strongly coupled striplines, a metal post and a varactor with bias circuit. Strong capacitive coupling between the striplines at different layers is introduced to significantly reduce the resonator size. A detailed investigation on the relationship between the transmission line length and loading capacitance is presented. The stripline is connected to the varactor by the metal post so that the resonant frequency can be tuned. Through cross‐coupled technology, transmission zeros are introduced in the upper and lower out‐of‐bands of the filter using combline structure for high selectivity. One prototype bandpass filter has been designed to validate the principle, and the measured results show good agreement with the simulated ones. The designed fourth‐order filter has a size of <0.1 λg × 0.1 λgand a steep frequency response with the shape factor <1.7.
Integrated analysis of phosphoproteome and ubiquitylome in epididymal sperm of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Zhang Peng‐fei , Huang Yu‐lin , Fu Qiang , He Weng‐tan , Xiao Kai , Zhang Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn mammals, sperm need to mature in the epididymis to gain fertilization competency. However, the molecular mechanism underlying buffalo sperm maturation remains elusive. Exploring sperm physiology at the posttranslational modification (PTM) level could help to develop our understanding of these mechanisms. Protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination are major PTMs in the regulation of many biological processes. In the present study, to our knowledge, we report the first phosphoproteome and ubiquitylome of sperm collected from the caput, corpus, and cauda segments of the epididymis using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry combined with affinity purification. In total, 647 phosphorylation sites in 294 proteins and 1063 ubiquitination sites in 446 proteins were characterized. Some of these proteins were associated with cellular developmental processes and energy metabolic pathways. Interestingly, 84 proteins were both phosphorylated and ubiquitinated, simultaneously. Some of these proteins were involved in, for example, spermatogenesis, reproduction, and spermatid development. Taken together, these data provide a theoretical basis for further functional analysis of phosphorylation and ubiquitination in epididymal sperm of buffalo and other mammals, and serve as an important resource for exploring the physiological mechanism underlying sperm maturation.
A novel numerical manner for two‐dimensional space fractional diffusion equation arising in transport phenomena
Authors: Tuan Nguyen H. , Aghdam Yones Esmaeelzadeh , Jafari Hossein , Mesgarani Hamid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFractional diffusion equations include a consistent and efficient explanation of transport phenomena that manifest abnormal diffusion, that cannot be often represented by second‐order diffusion equations. In this article, a two‐dimensional space fractional diffusion equation (SFDE‐2D) with nonhomogeneous and homogeneous boundary conditions is considered in Caputo derivative sense. An instant and nevertheless accurate scheme is obtained by the finite‐difference discretization to get the semidiscrete in temporal derivative with convergence order . Moreover, space fractional derivative can be approximated based on the Chebyshev polynomials of second kind which are powerful methods for basing the operational matrix. The convergence and stability of the proposed scheme are discussed theoretically in detail. Finally, two numerical problems with an exact solution are given that numerical results show the effectiveness of the new techniques. These schemes can be simply extended to three spatial dimensions, which will be the subject of our subsequent research.
The Self‐Care of Heart Failure Index version 7.2: Further psychometric testing
Authors: Vellone Ercole , De Maria Maddalena , Iovino Paolo , Barbaranelli Claudio , Zeffiro Valentina , Pucciarelli Gianluca , Durante Angela , Alvaro Rosaria , Riegel Barbara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClinicians and researchers need valid and reliable instruments to evaluate heart failure (HF) self‐care. The Self‐Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) is a theoretically driven instrument developed for this purpose. The SCHFI measures self‐care with three scales: self‐care maintenance, measuring behaviors to maintain HF stability; symptom perception, measuring monitoring behaviors; and self‐care management, assessing the response to symptoms. After the theory underpinning the SCHFI was updated, the instrument was updated to version 7.2 but it was only tested in the United States. In this study we tested the psychometric characteristics (structural and construct validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability) of the SCHFI v.7.2 in an Italian population of HF patients. We used a cross‐sectional design to study 280 HF patients with additional data collected after 2 weeks for test–retest reliability. Adults with HF (mean age 75.6 (±10.8); 70.8% in New York Heart Association [NYHA] classes II and III) were enrolled from six centers across Italy. Confirmatory factor analysis showed supportive structural validity in the three SCHFI v.7.2 scales (CFI from 0.94 to 0.95; RMSEA from 0.05 to 0.07). Internal consistency reliability estimated with Cronbach's α and composite reliability ranged between .73 and .88; test–retest reliability ranged between 0.73 and 0.92. Construct validity was supported with significant correlations between the SCHFI v.7.2 scale scores and quality of life, brain natriuretic peptide levels and NYHA class. This study further supports the psychometric characteristics of the SCHFI v.7.2, illustrating that it can be used in clinical practice and research also in an Italian population.
Chance‐constrained optimal inflow control in hyperbolic supply systems with uncertain demand
Authors: Göttlich Simone , Kolb Oliver , Lux Kerstin 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this article, we address the task of setting up an optimal production plan taking into account an uncertain demand. The energy system is represented by a system of hyperbolic partial differential equations and the uncertain demand stream is captured by an Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck process. We determine the optimal inflow depending on the producer's risk preferences. The resulting output is intended to optimally match the stochastic demand for the given risk criteria. We use uncertainty quantification for an adaptation to different levels of risk aversion. More precisely, we use two types of chance constraints to formulate the requirement of demand satisfaction at a prescribed probability level. In a numerical analysis, we analyze the chance constrained optimization problem for the Telegrapher's equation and a real‐world coupled gas‐to‐power network.
A Phase II Clinical Trial of Pembrolizumab and Enobosarm in Patients with Androgen Receptor-Positive Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Lee Jin Sun , Yost Susan E. , Frankel Paul H. , Ruel Christopher , Egelston Colt A. , Guo Weihua , Gillece John D. , Folkerts Megan , Reining Lauren , Highlander Sarah K. , Robinson Kim , Padam Simran , Martinez Norma , Tang Aileen , Schmolze Daniel , Waisman James , Sedrak Mina , Lee Peter P. , Mortimer Joanne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLessons LearnedThe combination of enobosarm and pembrolizumab was well tolerated and showed a modest clinical benefit rate of 25% at 16 weeks. Future trials investigating androgen receptor-targeted therapy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors are warranted.BackgroundLuminal androgen receptor is a distinct molecular subtype of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) defined by overexpression of androgen receptor (AR). AR-targeted therapy has shown modest activity in AR-positive (AR+) TNBC. Enobosarm (GTx-024) is a nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) that demonstrates preclinical and clinical activity in AR+ breast cancer. The current study was designed to explore the safety and efficacy of the combination of enobosarm and pembrolizumab in patients with AR+ metastatic TNBC (mTNBC).MethodsThis study was an open-label phase II study for AR+ (≥10%, 1+ by immunohistochemistry [IHC]) mTNBC. Eligible patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenous (IV) every 3 weeks and enobosarm 18 mg oral daily. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety of enobosarm plus pembrolizumab and determine the response rate. Peripheral blood, tumor biopsies, and stool samples were collected for correlative analysis.ResultsThe trial was stopped early because of the withdrawal of GTx-024 drug supply. Eighteen patients were enrolled, and 16 were evaluable for responses. Median age was 64 (range 36–81) years. The combination was well tolerated, with only a few grade 3 adverse events: one dry skin, one diarrhea, and one musculoskeletal ache. The responses were 1 of 16 (6%) complete response (CR), 1 of 16 (6%) partial response (PR), 2 of 16 (13%) stable disease (SD), and 12 of 16 (75%) progressive disease (PD). Response rate (RR) was 2 of 16 (13%). Clinical benefit rate (CBR) at 16 weeks was 4 of 16 (25%). Median follow-up was 24.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.5–30.9). Progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.6 months (95% CI, 1.9–3.1) and overall survival (OS) was 25.5 months (95% CI, 10.4–not reached [NR]).ConclusionThe combination of enobosarm and pembrolizumab was well tolerated, with a modest clinical benefit rate of 25% at 16 weeks in heavily pretreated AR+ TNBC without preselected programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). Future clinical trials combining AR-targeted therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) for AR+ TNBC warrant investigation.
Generative models in pathology: synthesis of diagnostic quality pathology images†
Authors: Safarpoor Amir , Kalra Shivam , Tizhoosh Hamid R 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWithin artificial intelligence and machine learning, a generative model is a powerful tool for learning any kind of data distribution. With the advent of deep learning and its success in image recognition, the field of deep generative models has clearly emerged as one of the promising fields for medical imaging. In a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, Levine, Peng et al demonstrate the ability of generative models to synthesize high‐quality pathology images. They suggested that generative models can serve as an unlimited source of images either for educating freshman pathologists or training machine learning models for diverse image analysis tasks, especially in scarce cases, while resolving patients’ privacy and confidentiality concerns. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR‐based screening for natural product subfraction to precisely identify ligand of target protein
Authors: Jiang Haipeng , Liu Yang , Guo Jian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe inherent diversity of natural product extracts has not only made their value for biological activity attractive, but has also presented significant challenges for separation and detection techniques to enable rapid characterisation of the biologically active component present in the complicated mixture.ObjectiveNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is routinely valued for its ability to shed light on molecular structure, when NMR is used as a promising tool in drug screening, it can detect and quantify molecular interactions, and at the same time provide detailed structural information with atomic level resolution. Here, we introduced an accurate and efficient strategy for discovering ligands from natural product extracts, by taking the advantage of NMR‐based drug screening.MethodologyThe characteristic pre‐purified subfraction libraries were brought into screening, and combinatorial ligand‐observed NMR interaction detection experiments were performed, once hits were found from one subfraction, the repository of the subfraction would be subject to separation and preparation, and the structure of the hits would be easily identified.ResultsScreening procedure of Radix Polygoni Multiflori water extract against human serum albumin (HSA) was used as an example, to discuss and verify the detailed methodology. Furthermore, human fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) was presented as an example target protein, to illustrate the utility of this method for discovering biologically active component.ConclusionsIt is proved that suitable subfraction library and well‐combined ligand‐detected NMR experiments will make the screening streamline more accurate and efficient. NMR is a promising tool to integrate natural product extracts into modern drug screening.
Crystalline orientation assessment in transversely isotropic semicrystalline polymer: Application to oedometric compaction of PTFE
Authors: Guenoun Gabriel , Schmitt Nicolas , Roux Stéphane , Régnier Gilles 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Hermans orientation factor is a scalar giving a simple assessment of molecular or crystal orientation in a polymer. It is usually determined from X‐ray diffraction measurements. The evaluation of the Hermans orientation factor is proposed from the diffraction analysis of only a single diffracting plane. The estimation relies on (a) the assumption that the polymer crystals possess a cylindrical symmetry with respect to the chain direction and (b) that the processing conditions induce a transverse isotropy of the polymer chains. A practical consequence of the proposed analysis is that the Hermans orientation factor can be computed from a single 1D diffractogram. This enables fast evaluations since even low signal‐to‐noise ratio signals can be processed with optimal noise reduction. An illustration of this method for uniaxially compacted polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder is presented. The crystalline orientation is followed during in situ crystallization experiments with a fine time resolution.
The roles of family and friends in the immobility decisions of university graduates staying in a peripheral urban area in the Netherlands
Authors: Thomassen Jonne A. K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHighly educated individuals constitute great assets for regional development and economic growth. Nevertheless, young university graduates are relatively geographically mobile and less likely to stay in peripheral regions. Based on semi‐structured, life‐calendar interviews, this study explored the immobility decisions of graduates who have stayed in a peripheral urban area in the Netherlands where they completed their university education. The study specifically focused on the roles of family and friends in the staying processes of these young adults. The results indicate that the decision to stay was frequently and consciously re‐evaluated by some, whereas for others, it resulted from a ‘lack of triggers’ for moving elsewhere. Notably, the interviews revealed that family and friends act as more than motives for staying or deterrents to migration. On various occasions, family and friends had played crucial roles as advisors, influencers, triggers, exemplars and facilitators in the staying processes of highly educated young adults.
iTRAQ‐based quantitative proteomics analysis of immune thrombocytopenia patients before and after Qishunbaolier treatment
Authors: Burenbatu  , Wang Yanbo , Wang Shuanglian , Narisu  , Wuritunashun  , Gong Cuiqin , Hashengaowa  , Eerdunduleng  , Sarula  , Guihua  , Bai Haihua 
Published: November 2020

RationaleTreatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) usually involves long‐term use of immunosuppressive corticosteroids and splenectomy. However, these treatments often have side effects in patients. The Mongolian medicine Qishunbaolier (QSBLE) has a high curative effect, reduces the chances of relapse, and has no obvious side effects. This study was designed to identify potential therapeutic targets of QSBLE for treating ITP.MethodsTo reveal differences in protein expression between ITP patients (ITPs) before and after QSBLE treatment, comparative proteomics studies were performed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). The analysis used nanospray liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (nano‐LC/MS/MS) in positive ion electrospray ionization mode. Key proteins relevant to ITP were revealed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and other bioinformatics tools. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis was carried out for confirmation of differentially expressed proteins.ResultsA total of 982 differentially expressed proteins were identified in ITPs compared with the controls. Compared with the pre‐QSBLE treatment group, 61 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the post‐QSBLE treatment group, with 48 proteins being significantly upregulated and 13 downregulated. Twenty‐nine pathways were significantly enriched. Q6N030 and other proteins were the key players in the protein‐pathway network. Twenty proteins that may play important roles in the treatment of ITP were further filtered. RT‐PCR and Western blot analyses further confirmed that MIF, PGK1 and IGHM were upregulated in ITPs after QSBLE treatment, in accordance with the proteomics data.ConclusionsIt is believed that the identified proteins and the results of bioinformatics analysis will provide a potential therapeutic target site for QSBLE for ITP therapy and biomarkers.