bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Destinations Matter: Social Policy and Migrant Workers in the Times of Covid
Authors: Rao Nitya , Narain Nivedita , Chakraborty Shuvajit , Bhanjdeo Arundhita , Pattnaik Ayesha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe national lockdown of India announced on March 24th 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, left millions of migrant labourers stranded in their destinations. Thrown out of their informal labour arrangements in cities and industrial centres, unable to return to their villages in the absence of transportation, they were stranded for over a month with no income, improper housing and often lack of food. This paper discusses the experiences of men migrating from Chakai block, Jamui district, Bihar, to four Indian states, namely, Kerala, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. We compare their experiences across these four destination states in relation to the social policy response following the national lockdown. Most workers are young men (16–35 years old) and their migration pattern is seasonal and circular. The emerging lessons provide inputs for social policy measures related to migrant workers in India.
The niobium and tantalum concentration in the mantle constrains the composition of Earth’s primordial magma ocean
Authors: Huang Dongyang , Badro James , Siebert Julien 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Silicate Earth is widely considered identical to chondrites in its refractory lithophile element ratios. However, its subchondritic Nb/Ta signature deviates from the chondritic paradigm. To resolve this Nb deficit, its sequestration in Earth’s core under very reducing core-forming conditions has been proposed based on low-pressure data. Here, we show that under conditions relevant to core formation Nb is siderophile at high pressures under all redox conditions, corroborating Nb inventory in Earth’s core. Further core formation modeling shows that Earth’s core could have formed under moderately reducing or oxidizing conditions, whereas highly reducing conditions mismatch the geochemical observables; although Earth may have sampled a variety of reservoirs, it is problematic to accrete primarily from materials as reduced as enstatite chondrites.
A high-performance potassium metal battery using safe ionic liquid electrolyte
Authors: Sun Hao , Liang Peng , Zhu Guanzhou , Hung Wei Hsuan , Li Yuan-Yao , Tai Hung-Chun , Huang Cheng-Liang , Li Jiachen , Meng Yongtao , Angell Michael , Wang Chang-An , Dai Hongjie 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Rechargeable potassium batteries are promising alternatives of Li batteries owing to the earth abundance and low cost of potassium. The safety of K metal battery involving highly reactive potassium metal and flammable organic electrolyte remains poor, risking fire hazards during use. This work presents the development of an ionic liquid electrolyte that allows safe and high-performance potassium metal batteries. An impressive capacity retention of 89% after 820 cycles is achieved with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. Moreover, the K metal battery can safely and stably work at 60 °C. This work provides insights to future design and innovation of other metal batteries toward safe and long-life energy storage.
Evidence for an effector-independent action system from people born without hands
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Vannuscorps Gilles , Caramazza Alfonso , Striem-Amit Ella 
Published: October 2020

Significance
What are the principles of brain organization? In the motor domain, separate pathways were found for reaching and grasping actions performed by the hand. To what extent is this organization specific to the hand or based on abstract action types, regardless of which body part performs them? We tested people born without hands who perform actions with their feet. Activity in frontoparietal association motor areas showed preference for an action type (reaching or grasping), regardless of whether it was performed by the foot in people born without hands or by the hand in typically-developed controls. These findings provide evidence that some association areas are organized based on abstract functions of action types, independent of specific sensorimotor experience and parameters of specific body parts.
The influence of carbohydrate ingestion on peripheral and central fatigue during exercise in hypoxia: A narrative review
Authors: Paris Hunter L. , Sinai Erin C. , Shei Ren‐Jay , Keller Alexandra M. , Mickleborough Timothy D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHypoxia impairs aerobic performance by accelerating fatiguing processes. These processes may originate from sites either distal (peripheral) or proximal (central) to the neuromuscular junction, though these are not mutually exclusive. Peripheral mechanisms include decrements in muscle glycogen or fluctuations in intramuscular metabolites, whereas central responses commonly refer to reductions in central motor drive elicited by alterations in blood glucose and neurotransmitter concentrations as well as arterial hypoxemia. Hypoxia may accelerate both peripheral and central pathways of fatigue, with the level of hypoxia strongly dictating the degree and primary locus of impairment. As more people journey to hypoxic settings for work and recreation, developing strategies to improve work capacity in these environments becomes increasingly relevant. Given that sea level performance improves with nutritional interventions such as carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion, a similar strategy may prove effective in delaying fatigue in hypoxia, particularly considering how the metabolic pathways enhanced with CHO supplementation overlap the fatiguing pathways upregulated in hypoxia. Many questions regarding the relationship between CHO, hypoxia, and fatigue remain unanswered, including specifics on when to ingest, what to ingest, and how varying altitudes influence supplementation effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to examine the peripheral and central mechanisms contributing to fatigue during aerobic exercise at varying degrees of hypoxia and to assess the role of CHO ingestion in attenuating fatigue onset.
Finding key points in a hand image using heatmaps
Authors: Arslanova D V , Grishin A E , Denisov A I , Galimullin D Z , Denisova N V , Makarov R A , Sibgatullin M E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an approach to finding key points in the image of a hand using heat maps. For this, a convolutional model of a neural network and a training method on heatmaps were combined. An open bank of palm photos, supplemented by a set of own images and synthetic data, was used as a dataset. Direct and inverse transformations of two-dimensional coordinates on the plane into heat maps with a 2D Gaussian function centered at coordinate points were applied, data was prepared, the model was trained and tested. As a result of this approach, a neural network model able to recognise real world images was obtained.
Nonperturbative renormalization of the interaction of quantum dots with the phonon reservoir
Authors: Kh Gainutdinov R , Nabieva L J , Garifullin A I , Mutygullina A A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The quantum dynamics of a single quantum dot with phonon reservoir is investigated by making use generalized quantum dynamics equation [Gainutdinov R.Kh. 1999 J. Phys. A 32 5675]. The self-energy function is calculated nonperturbatively taking into account the renormalization of the vertex function. In this paper, we show that the nonperturbative renormalization of the vertex function significantly affects the nature of the interaction of the quantum dot with the phonon reservoir.
Estimation of Internal Gearbox Loads for Condition Monitoring in Wind Turbines Based on Physical Modeling
Authors: Pagitsch M , Jacobs G , Bosse D , Duda T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The share of wind energy in the public electricity supply in Europe is constantly growing, so that reliability and availability of wind turbines are becoming increasingly important. High availability is ensured by continuous condition monitoring, because it allows long downtimes to be avoided by reacting immediately to (imminent) failures. This paper presents a portable and real-time capable simulation model for determining internal loads on components in the mechanical drivetrain. The loads are apt for being utilized for a subsequent generation of a system reliability index in the scope of a decision support tool for demand- and degradation-oriented adjustments of the operational management. Thus, the work contributes to ensuring reliability. By determining the state of degradation of similarly loaded plants, under- or overloading of individual turbines can be proactively prevented. The analysis of the influence of individual model parameters is of particular importance here and provides evidence that even with a restricted parameter set the outputs of the load calculation model are accurate enough as inputs for a reliability calculation.
Consequences of load mitigation control strategies for a floating wind turbine
Authors: Lee C F , Bachynski E E , Nejad A R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Several approaches to avoid control-induced resonances of floating wind turbines have been proposed. The main focus has been on reductions in global motions and loads in the tower base. In the present work, we examine the consequences of three such controllers on the loads on drivetrain components. One common advantage that comes along implementing all the alternative controller designs is an improved motion response in surge and pitch directions. However, these reductions come at other costs. Evaluating the drivetrain performance through multi-body simulations identifies new considerations for controller design. For example, tower top shear stress may not have been perceived as an important design criteria from a structural load perspective, but contributes to the radial load of bearings and gears and should be taken into consideration when comparing controller performance.
Statistic and Coherence Response of Ship-based Lidar Observations to Motion Compensation
Authors: Duscha Christiane , Paskyabi Mostafa Bakhoday , Reuder Joachim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ship-based profiling Lidar systems experience a strong influence of rotational and translational motion on beam direction and hence the line-of-sight velocity. This motion error is inherited by the retrieved 3-dimensional wind vector and is especially visible in the velocity spectra and cross-spectra of velocities at different measurement heights (coherence). Applying motion compensation on the line-of-sight velocity observations was found to have a strong impact on the statistical properties of the retrieved wind vector and successfully improved the corresponding velocity distributions. The impact of motion correction on the spectra of the horizontal wind speed components was found to be neglectable. The Lidar measurement principle, in particular the effect of cross-contamination at higher frequencies, was found to have a larger impact in shaping the horizontal spectra than motion correction. Vertical velocity spectra were strongly affected by ship motion and the motion correction was only partly successful. Precisely, this effect was present at frequencies larger than the resonance frequency of the ship.
Experimental investigations on the fatigue resistance of automatically welded tubular X-joints for jacket support structures
Authors: Schürmann K , Schaumann P , Pittner A , Rethmeier M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The development within the offshore wind sector towards more powerful turbines combined with increasing water depth for new wind parks is challenging both the designer as well as the manufacturer of bottom fixed support structures. Besides XL-monopiles, the market developed an innovative and economic jacket support structure which is based on automatically manufactured tubular joints combined with standardized pipes. Besides the improvements for a serial manufacturing process the automatically welded tubular joints show a great potential in terms of fatigue resistance e.g. due to a smooth weld geometry without sharp notches. However, these benefits are not considered yet within the fatigue design process of automatically manufactured jacket substructures according to current standards due to the lack of suitable S-N curves. Therefore, 32 axial fatigue tests on single and double-sided automatically welded tubular X-joints have been performed to determine a new hot spot stress related S-N curve. Based on these constant amplitude fatigue tests a new S-N curve equal to a FAT 126 curve was computed which implicitly includes the benefits of the automatically welding procedure.
Fast divergence-conforming reduced basis methods for stationary and transient flow problems
Authors: Fonn E , van Brummelen H , Kvamsdal T , Rasheed A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Reduced basis methods (RB methods or RBMs) form one of the most promising techniques to deliver numerical solutions of parametrized PDEs in real-time with reasonable accuracy [1]. For the Navier-Stokes equation, RBMs based on stable velocity-pressure spaces do not generally inherit the stability of the high-fdelity method. Common techniques for working around this problem (e.g. [2]) have the effect of deteriorating the performance of the RBM in the performance-critical online stage.
We show how divergence-free reduced formulations eliminates this problem, producing RBMs that are faster by an order of magnitude or more in the online stage. This is most easily achieved using divergence-conforming compatible B-spline bases, using a transformation that can maintain the divergence-free property under variable geometries. See [3] for more details.
We also demonstrate the flexibility of RBMs for non-stationary flow problems using a problem with two stages: an initial, finite transient stage where the flow pattern settles from the initial data, followed by a terminal and infinite oscillatory stage characterized by vortex shedding. We show how an RBM whose data is only sourced from the terminal stage nevertheless can produce solutions that pass through the initial stage without critical problems (e.g. crashing, diverging or blowing up).
Pictorial techniques of Russia and China in environmental design
Authors: Xiaogeng Chang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Environmental design in Russia and China in academic terms refers to the field of education in the areas of art and culture, in methodological terms it is based on the methods and principles of fine art. The article presents a creative project of the photo exhibition “Dance of Leaves”, which was created by the author using techniques of Chinese traditional painting and Russian abstract art, in particular the ideas of V. V. Kandinsky. The project applied the method of integration of disciplines, for example, color science, cultural studies, engineering etc. A special feature of the photo exhibition was the presence of various lighting technologies, as well as the game of colors and lines with symbolic cultural connotation.
Energy efficiency improvement of aerated concrete block wall fences
Authors: Suleymanova Lyudmila , Pogorelova Inna , Suleymanov Karim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The development of effective protecting structures is currently one of the most popular areas in the construction industry. In order to ensure energy efficiency and environmental safety in the construction of civil buildings, masonry made of aerated concrete blocks with high thermal protection properties is used as protecting structures. As glue and cement-sand solutions in masonry have low thermal conductivity and are temperature bridges, the issue of filling through seams of aerated concrete masonry is very acute. The authors have developed a double row of concrete masonry, having a minimum number of cross-cutting horizontal seams, which not only improves thermal insulation properties, but also reduces material consumption and, consequently, the complexity of the arrangement of protecting structures of civil buildings. The influence of through horizontal seams made of cement-sand grout and block binding on the resistance to heat transfer of masonry made of aerated concrete blocks is considered.
Soundproofing materials in construction using polymer composites
Authors: Denisova L V , Klyuchnikova N V , Emelyanov S V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Today, obtaining products for recycling of polymer materials is of great interest, including for the construction industry. At the same time, not only new materials are created with the specified performance characteristics, but also the environmental problem is solved, nature is preserved and natural resources are saved. In this paper, it is proposed to use a fabric cord of used tires as a component of soundproofing material. Various types of latex were used as a binder: acrylic, natural, and styrene-butadiene. It was found that all the obtained composites have soundproofing properties. The best soundproofing properties are found in a material containing styrene-butadiene latex. Thus, it is shown that materials based on latex of various nature and textile products of tire processing can be used for soundproofing materials in the construction industry.
Lean construction – an effective management system in the construction industry
Authors: Parfenova E N , Avilova Zh N , Ganzha A N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the possibilities and prospects of using methods and tools of lean construction to improve the arragement of the construction business in the Belgorod region. Lean construction is considered as a system of innovative methods of process management in construction. The use of this system is an effective tool for optimizing the results of work: the time and cost of work is reduced by constantly improving the quality of the final product. Exploring the methodology and tools of lean construction, we can identify four main areas of use: employee engagement, cost reduction, optimization of construction processes, and loss prevention. The paper presents the results of using the concept of lean construction in foreign countries, as well as methods and tools aimed at involving employees in lean production, reducing costs and preventing losses, optimization, automation and informatization of the production process at the level of strategic and operational management. The specificity of the choice of tools and methods of work performed at all levels of management for the construction industry is determined. The application of the concept of lean construction is justified, which allows organizations to increase their competitiveness and business efficiency.
Development trend of the construction market in Russian regions
Authors: Lapteva E V , Ogorodnikova E P , Remizova V F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Construction in Russia is a dynamically developing type of economic activity. This is facilitated by various programs that support construction at both the municipal and federal levels. In the paper the method of economic-statistical analysis application of the construction market of the Orenburg region is formed, which will allow identifying patterns and factors influencing the development of the construction market of the Orenburg region, studying trends in the volume and structure of the construction market in order to identify promising directions of the construction market development in the region. As a result of applying methods of economic and statistical analysis (structure, dynamics and forecasting and factor analysis), structural and dynamic changes in the regional construction market are identified, trends in the dynamics of construction volume and factors affecting the growth rate (decline) of the construction market in the region are determined.
Research on parameters of the bladed pneumatic screw mechanism of the digging and transport machine
Authors: Kovalev A A , Kutuzov V V , Elkina I I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The main intensifiers that increase the efficiency of the bulldozer are considered. The concept of the digging and transport machine for bulk material is proposed, the design of which combines the positive qualities of pneumatic and bulldozer equipment. The machine is mainly intended for use in reclamation construction for filling holes, ravines, deep wells, filling the water-resistant layer of the bottom of a pond or reservoir, and also for supplying finely divided stone mining waste (sawdust, coal powder, limestone flour, carbonate sand, etc.) in the back of a dump truck or to the blade. The machine can also be used as auxiliary equipment and to fight a fire in the field by supplying a bulk fire-extinguishing agent directly to the edge of the flame front.
Using of automated risk assessment systems to ensure the safety of personnel at construction sites
Authors: Semeykin A Yu , Klimova E V , Nosatova E A , Khomchenko Yu V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The development of automated risk assessment systems is a promising area for scientific research in the field of OSH management. The paper analyses the main problems of the functioning of the OSH management system and identifies the need for its improvement in order to reduce occupational injuries. As a way to improve it, we propose the development and implementation of an automated system for forecasting and managing professional risks (AS FMPR), which implements an algorithm for multivariate analysis of the causes of occupational injuries. The stages of risk assessment are considered. The aim of this work is to assess the applicability of automated risk assessment systems to ensure the safety of personnel at construction sites. The results of the distribution of the probability of injury to workers depending on the factors studied are presented. This system will bring the procedure for assessing occupational risks in construction to a whole new level.
Experimental studies of obtaining biogas from waste of meat processing enterprises
Authors: Suslov D Y , Sedyh P S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A promising direction for the development of gas supply systems in rural areas is the production and use of biogas. In the developed countries of the world, biogas production and use systems are widely used. The amount of biogas produced depends on the type and chemical composition of the feedstock. The aim of this work is to study the dependence of the specific yield and chemical composition of biogas on the type of substrate used and the temperature of biomass in the digester. Waste from meat processing enterprises was used as an initial substrate for research: technical fat; intestines; bird blood; pulp. Two temperature settings were chosen for the study: 38 ° C and 42 ° C. As a result of the studies, the values of the optimal duration of fermentation of the studied types of substrate were determined: bird blood - 21 days, pulp - 25 days, intestines - 25 days, technical fat - 40 days. It has been established that the maximum value of the specific yield of biogas is observed during the fermentation of technical fat - 1509.8 l / kg, and the smallest of bird blood - 833.4 l / kg. At the same time, the highest methane content is observed during fermentation of technical fat - 66%, and the smallest from bird blood - 53.5%. It was also found that the biogas yield at a fermentation temperature of 42 ° C is 7-8% higher than the biogas yield obtained at a temperature of 38 ° C.