bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances on notch effects in metal fatigue: A review
Authors: Liao Ding , Zhu Shun‐Peng , Correia José A.F.O. , De Jesus Abílio M.P. , Berto Filippo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNotch features including holes, fillets, shoulders, and grooves commonly exist in engineering components. When subjected to external loads, these geometrical discontinuities generally act as stress raisers and thus present significant influences on the component strength and life, which are more remarkable under complex loading paths. Accordingly, numerous theories and approaches have been developed to address notch effects in metal fatigue as well as damage modelling and life predictions, which aim to provide theoretical support for structural optimal design and integrity evaluation. However, most of them are self‐styled or focus on specific objects, which limits their engineering applicability. This review recalls recent developments and achievements in notch fatigue modelling and analysis of metals. In particular, four commonly used methods for fatigue evaluation of metallic notched components/structures are summarized and elaborated, namely, nominal stress approaches, local stress‐strain approaches, and critical distance theories and weighting control parameters‐based approaches, which intend to provide a reference for further research on notch fatigue analysis and promote the integration and/or development among different approaches for practice.
Influence of the constraint effect on the fatigue crack growth rate in S355 J2 steel using digital image correlation
Authors: Miarka Petr , Cruces Alejandro S. , Seitl Stanislav , Malíková Lucie , Lopez‐Crespo Pablo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDisplacement fields around the fatigue crack tip for a constant value of stress intensity factor (SIF) range were measured using digital image correlation (DIC) technique on the S355 J2 steel grade. The data obtained were resolved into the T‐stress evaluation and quantification of its influence on the fatigue crack growth rate. The higher order terms of the Williams expansion (WE) were calculated as well. The displacements of a set of points outside of the plastic zone were selected for application of the over‐deterministic method (ODM) to obtain several initial WE terms. The computed values of T‐stress show good agreement with finite element analysis and literature. It was shown by collected experimental displacement, that the level of constraint influences the fatigue crack propagation rate.
Engineering of Klebsiella oxytoca for production of 2,3‐butanediol using mixed sugars derived from lignocellulosic hydrolysates
Authors: Cha Ji Won , Jang Seung Hoon , Kim Yong Jae , Chang Yong Keun , Jeong Ki Jun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract2,3‐Butanediol (2,3‐BDO) is a promising bulk chemical owing to its high potential in industrial applications. Here, we engineered Klebsiella oxytoca for the economic production of 2,3‐BDO using mixed sugars from renewable biomass. First, to improve xylose consumption, the xylose transporter gene (xylE) was integrated into the methylglyoxal synthase A (mgsA)‐coding gene loci, and the engineered CHA004 strain showed much faster consumption of xylose than wild‐type (WT) strain with 1.4‐fold increase of overall sugar consumption rate. To further improve sugar utilization, we performed adaptive laboratory evolution for 90 days. The evolved strain (CHA006) was evaluated by cultivating it in the media containing single‐ or mixed‐sugars, and it was clearly observed that CHA006 has improved sugar consumption and 2,3‐BDO production than those of the parental strain. Finally, we demonstrated the superiority of CHA006 by culturing in two lignocellulosic hydrolysates derived from sunflower or pine tree. Particularly, in the pine tree hydrolysate containing xylose, glucose, galactose, and mannose, the CHA006 strain showed much improved consumption rates for all sugars, and 2,3‐BDO productivity (0.73 g L−1 hr−1) increased by 3.2‐fold compared to WT strain. We believe that the engineered CHA006 strain can be a potential host in the development of economic bioprocess for 2,3‐BDO through efficient utilization of mixed sugars derived from lignocellulosic biomass.
A Type‐Curve Method for the Analysis of Pumping Tests with Piecewise‐Linear Pumping Rates
Authors: Zhuang Chao , Li Yabing , Zhou Zhifang , Illman Walter A. , Dou Zhi , Wang Jinguo , Yan Long 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAquifer hydraulic parameters are commonly inferred from constant‐rate pumping tests, while variable pumping rates are frequently encountered in actual field conditions. In this study, we propose a generally applicable dimensionless form of the analytical solution for variable‐rate pumping tests in confined aquifers. In particular, we adopt a piecewise‐linear fitting of variable pumping rates and propose a new type‐curve method for estimating the hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss) of the investigated confined aquifer. For each test, a series of type curves, which depend on the variable pumping rates, the location of observation wells and the introduced first dimensionless inflection time, need to be provided for matching the observed drawdown data on a log‐log graph. We first demonstrate the applicability and robustness of this method through a synthetic pumping test. Subsequently, we apply this method to analyze drawdown data from four pumping tests conducted within a multilayered aquifer/aquitard system in Wuxi city, Jiangsu Province, China. The parameter estimates are then compared with those reported by PEST. The K and Ss values estimated by the new type‐curve method are found to be quite close to PEST‐based estimates. Parameter estimation results demonstrate the difference in K and Ss values between observation wells. The difference could be attributed to the spatial heterogeneity in K and Ss. A future research topic may focus on the characterization of K and Ss heterogeneity with the currently available drawdown data from variable‐rate pumping tests.
NTRK fusion cervical sarcoma: a report of three cases, emphasising morphological and immunohistochemical distinction from other uterine sarcomas, including adenosarcoma
Authors: Rabban Joseph T , Devine W Patrick , Sangoi Ankur R , Poder Liina , Alvarez Edwin , Davis Jessica L , Rudzinski Erin , Garg Karuna , Bean Gregory R 
Published: January 2020

AimsA unique fibrosarcoma‐like tumour of the uterine cervix harbouring a rearrangement of a neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTRK) gene (NTRK1 or NTRK3) has recently been described in 11 young women, some with recurrence and/or metastasis. The aims of this study were to expand the morphological spectrum of this tumour by reporting three additional cases that showed adenosarcoma‐like features not previously described, one of which is the first reported to respond to targeted therapy, and to evaluate 19 conventional uterine adenosarcomas for evidence of NTRK rearrangement.Methods and resultsThree patients presented with a polyp or mass confined to the cervix. The constellation of polypoid growth, spindle cell morphology, entrapped endocervical glands and intraglandular stromal projections raised diagnostic consideration for adenosarcoma with stromal overgrowth. Deep cervical wall invasion was present in two cases at hysterectomy, and the third was removed by polypectomy. All three stained for S100 and pan‐Trk, but were negative for a spectrum of other diagnostic markers. All three harboured NTRK rearrangements (TPM3–NTRK1, TPR–NTRK1, and SPECC1L–NTRK3). One patient developed pleural metastases at 16 months, received the NTRK inhibitor larotrectinib, and is free of disease 15 months later. Two others are alive without disease. None of the uterine adenosarcomas showed any S100 or pan‐Trk staining, or rearrangement of NTRK1, NTRK2 or NTRK3 on next‐generation sequencing.ConclusionsUnusual adenosarcoma‐like spindle cell neoplasms of the cervix may represent an NTRK fusion sarcoma, which can be detected by S100 and pan‐Trk staining and confirmed by NTRK molecular testing. Conventional uterine adenosarcomas do not harbour NTRK rearrangements.
Joining of SiC, alumina, and mullite by the Refractory Metal—Wrap pressure‐less process
Authors: Gianchandani Pardeep Kumar , Casalegno Valentina , De la Pierre des Ambrois Stefano , Salvo Milena , De Aloysio Giulia , Laghi Luca , Ferraris Monica 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to discuss the suitability of the joining process called “RM‐Wrap” (RM = Refractory Metals, ie, Mo, Nb, Ta, Zr) as a pressure‐less and tailorable technique to join several different ceramics such as SiC, alumina, and mullite (3Al2O3.2SiO2). In the RM‐Wrap joining technique the refractory metal foil is used as a wrap containing one or more silicon foils. It is performed at 1450°C, under flowing argon, and the resulting joining materials are in situ formed composites made of refractory metal disilicides (MoSi2, NbSi2, TaSi2, or ZrSi2) embedded in a silicon‐rich matrix; their coefficient of thermal expansion has been calculated and the Laser Flash Method was used to measure the thermal diffusivity of one of them (MoSi2/Si) in 25°C‐1000°C range, then to calculate its thermal conductivity. All the obtained joints are uniform, continuous, and crack free. Some preliminary oxidation tests were carried out on all joints at 1100°C, 6 hours in air, giving unchanged morphology of the interface and the joining materials itself; the joint strength of RM‐Wrap joined SiC was measured at room temperature using three different mechanical tests: (a) single lap (SL), (b) single lap off‐set (SLO) and (c) torsion on hourglass‐shaped samples (THG) (on Mo‐wrap joined SiC).
LyP‐1‐fMWNTs enhanced targeted delivery of MBD1siRNA to pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Lin Quan‐Jun , Xie Zhi‐Bo , Gao Ya , Zhang Yi‐Fan , Yao Lie , Fu De‐Liang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFunctionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes have been extensively gained popularity in pancreatic cancer gene therapy. LyP‐1, a peptide, has been proved to specifically bind pancreatic cancer cells. The potential therapeutic effect of LyP‐1–conjugated functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes in treating pancreatic cancer is still unknown. In this study, LyP‐1–conjugated functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes were successfully synthesized, characterized and showed satisfactory size distribution and zeta potential. Compared with functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, cellular uptake of LyP‐1–functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes was shown to be increased. Compound of LyP‐1–functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and MBD1siRNA showed superior gene transfection efficiency. Moreover, LyP‐1‐fMWNTs/MBD1siRNA complex could significantly decrease the viability and proliferation and promoted apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Further xenograft assays revealed that the tumour burden in the nude mice injected with LyP‐1–functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/MBD1siRNA was significantly relieved. The study demonstrated that LyP‐1–functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/MBD1siRNA could be a promising candidate for tumour active targeting therapy in pancreatic cancer.
Airway epithelial ITGB4 deficiency in early life mediates pulmonary spontaneous inflammation and enhanced allergic immune response
Authors: Tang Sha , Du Xizi , Yuan Lin , Xiao Gelei , Wu Mengping , Wang Leyuan , Wu ShuangYan , Duan Zhen , Xiang Yang , Qu Xiangping , Liu Huijun , Zou Yizhou , Qin Xiaoqun , Qin Ling , Liu Chi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLung immune responses to respiratory pathogens and allergens are initiated in early life which will further influence the later onset of asthma. The airway epithelia form the first mechanical physical barrier to allergic stimuli and environmental pollutants, which is also the key regulator in the initiation and development of lung immune response. However, the epithelial regulation mechanisms of early‐life lung immune responses are far from clear. Our previous study found that integrin β4 (ITGB4) is decreased in the airway epithelium of asthma patients with specific variant site. ITGB4 deficiency in adult mice aggravated the lung Th2 immune responses and enhanced airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR) with a house dust mite (HDM)‐induced asthma model. However, the contribution of ITGB4 to the postnatal lung immune response is still obscure. Here, we further demonstrated that ITGB4 deficiency following birth mediates spontaneous lung inflammation with ILC2 activation and increased infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes. Moreover, ITGB4 deficiency regulated thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) production in airway epithelial cells through EGFR pathways. Neutralization of TSLP inhibited the spontaneous inflammation significantly in ITGB4‐deficient mice. Furthermore, we also found that ITGB4 deficiency led to exaggerated lung allergic inflammation response to HDM stress. In all, these findings indicate that ITGB4 deficiency in early life causes spontaneous lung inflammation and induces exaggerated lung inflammation response to HDM aeroallergen.
Inhibition of USP14 suppresses the formation of foam cell by promoting CD36 degradation
Authors: Zhang Fangcheng , Xia Xiaohong , Chai Renjie , Xu Ruqin , Xu Qiong , Liu Mingke , Chen Xuke , Liu Bin , Liu Shiming , Liu Ningning 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAtherosclerosis is regarded as a chronic progressive inflammatory disease and is a basic pathophysiological process in coronary artery disease which is life threatening in clinic. The formation of foam cell plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. OxLDL is a significant factor in progression of coronary artery disease. Our studies have demonstrated that USP14 promotes cancer development and mediates progression of cardiac hypertrophy and LPS‐induced inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism of USP14 is unknown. In this study, we found that the inhibition of USP14 significantly suppressed the oxLDL uptake, subsequently decreased the foam cell formation. Surprisingly, USP14 has an effect on the expression of CD36 but not SR‐A, ABCA1, Lox‐1, ABCG1 and SR‐Bl. Furthermore, USP14 stabilizes CD36 protein via cleaving the ubiquitin chain on CD36. Blocking CD36 activation using antibody‐dependent blocking assay remarkably attenuated the function of USP14 on the formation of foam cell. In summary, our results suggested that the inhibition of USP14 decreases foam cell formation by down‐regulating CD36‐mediated lipid uptake and provides a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
De novo Sequencing, Assembly, and Annotation of the Transcriptome for the Free‐Living Testate Amoeba Arcella intermedia
Authors: Ribeiro Giulia M. , Porfírio‐Sousa Alfredo L. , Maurer‐Alcalá Xyrus X. , Katz Laura A. , Lahr Daniel J.G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArcella, a diverse understudied genus of testate amoebae is a member of Tubulinea in Amoebozoa group. Transcriptomes are a powerful tool for characterization of these organisms as they are an efficient way of characterizing the protein‐coding potential of the genome. In this work, we employed both single‐cell and clonal populations transcriptomics to create a reference transcriptome for Arcella. We compared our results with annotations of Dictyostelium discoideum, a model Amoebozoan. We assembled a pool of 38 Arcella intermedia transcriptomes, which after filtering are composed of a total of 14,712 translated proteins. There are GO categories enriched in Arcella including mainly intracellular signal transduction pathways; we also used KEGG to annotate 11,546 contigs, which also have similar distribution to Dictyostelium. A large portion of data is still impossible to assign to a gene family, probably due to a combination of lineage‐specific genes, incomplete sequences in the transcriptome and rapidly evolved genes. Some absences in pathways could also be related to low expression of these genes. We provide a reference database for Arcella, and we highlight the emergence of the need for further gene discovery in Arcella.
Comparative risk of Clostridium difficile infection between proton pump inhibitors and histamine‐2 receptor antagonists: A 15‐year hospital cohort study using a common data model
Authors: Seo Seung In , You Seng Chan , Park Chan Hyuk , Kim Tae Joon , Ko You Sang , Kim Yerim , Yoo Jong Jin , Kim Jinseob , Shin Woon Geon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgrounds and AimThere are potential concerns regarding infectious complications including Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) among patients taking gastric acid suppressants. Furthermore, it is speculated that the stronger acid suppression by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) potentially enhance infectious complications. This study aimed to compare the risk of CDI between PPIs and histamine‐2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs).MethodsUsing the long‐term database of the Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, converted to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model, we identified outpatients treated with PPIs and H2RAs for ≥ 7 days from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2018. We conducted Cox regression analysis to examine the hazard ratio (HR) of CDI after propensity score matching.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up period of 1.2 years (interquartile range, 0.2–3.2 years), the initial CDI occurrence differed significantly between matched cohorts of patients taking PPIs and H2RAs [PPIs vs H2RAs, 88/31 095 person years vs 47/32 836 person years; HR, 2.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–3.96; P = 0.005]. Almost 50% of all events occurred within 1 year of drug exposure. The risk of CDIs was significantly greater among groups receiving PPIs or H2RAs than in matched controls (PPIs vs control: HR, 2.65; 95% CI 1.28–5.79; P = 0.011; and H2RAs vs control: HR 2.43; 95% CI 1.09–5.68; P = 0.034].ConclusionIn long‐term hospital cohort, outpatient‐based PPIs were associated with greater risk of CDI than H2RAs. It is necessary to be cautioned about complication of CDI in patients taking long‐term PPI therapy.
Physiological arousal and observed behaviour in parent–child interactions involving young children with Down syndrome
Authors: Lorang E. , Hartley S. , Sterling A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundParents of children with Down syndrome (DS) play an important role in their child's development. Physiological measures, such as electrodermal activity (EDA), can shed light on parent–child relations beyond the behavioural level. The goals of the current study were to assess the feasibility of collecting EDA data in preschool age children with DS, examine the association between parent and child EDA during play‐based interactions, and investigate the relation between parent and child EDA and observed parent behaviours.MethodTwo parents in 15 families participated in dyadic free play interactions with their child with DS (i.e., 15 mother–child and 15 father–child interactions). The children with DS (aged 24–61 months) and both of their parents wore multisensory wristbands measuring EDA. Parent behaviours were coded as requests for behavioural complies, requests for verbal complies, or comments.ResultsUsable EDA data were collected for 13/15 children and 11/15 mothers during the mother–child interactions and 14/15 children and 12/15 fathers during the father–child interactions. Parent and child EDA variability was significantly positively related for father–child but not mother–child dyads. Maternal use of requests for behavioural complies was positively related to child EDA variability.ConclusionsThe collection of EDA data through wristbands worn by young children with DS during early parent–child interactions was feasible. Preliminary findings indicated that some aspects of parent and child physiology in DS may be related in different ways for mother–child and father–child dyads.
Morphological alterations of the reticular thalamic nucleus in Engrailed‐2 knockout mice
Authors: Pirone Andrea , Viaggi Cristina , Cantile Carlo , Giannessi Elisabetta , Pardini Carla , Vaglini Francesca , Miragliotta Vincenzo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe reticular thalamic nucleus (Rt) is a sheet of neurons that surrounds the dorsal thalamus laterally, along its dorso‐ventral and rostro‐caudal axes. It consists of inhibitory neurons releasing gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). This nucleus participates in the circuitry between the thalamus and the cerebral cortex, and its impairment is associated with neuro‐psychiatric disorders. In this study, we investigated the Rt anatomy of Engrailed‐2 knockout mice (En2−/−), a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), using parvalbumin as an immunohistochemical marker. We compared 4‐ and 6‐week‐old wild type (WT) and En2−/− mice using various morphometric parameters: cell area, shape factor, circularity and cell density. Significant differences were present in 6‐week‐old male mice with different genetic background (WT vs. En2−/−): the Rt neurons of En2−/− mice showed a bigger cell area, shape factor and circularity when compared with WT. Age (4 weeks vs. 6 weeks) influenced the shape factor of WT females, the circularity and cell density of En2−/− males, and the shape factor and circularity of En2−/− females. Gender affected cell density in 4‐week‐old WT mice, shape factor and cellularity of 6‐week‐old WT mice, and cell area, shape factor and cell density of En2−/− at 6 weeks. Intrasubject (left–right) asymmetry of Rt was never observed. These results show for the first time that sex‐ and age‐related changes occur in the Rt GABAergic neurons of the En2−/− ASD mouse model.
Healthy life styles, sleep and fatigue in endometrial cancer survivors: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yu Chia‐Hui , Wang Tsae‐Jyy , Chang Chih‐Long , Liang Shu‐Yuan , Wu Shu‐Fang , Liu Chieh‐Yu , Lu Yu Ying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe primary aim of this study is to explore the influence of obesity, healthy lifestyle and sleep quality of endometrial cancer survivors on their fatigue level.BackgroundAs many as 30% of endometrial cancer survivors still suffer from fatigue 5 years after completing therapy. Fatigue may hinder cancer survivors from participating in daily activities or returning to their original roles and functions, thus affecting their health‐related quality of life.DesignThis study adopted a cross‐sectional correlational research design. The STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used as a reference for reporting the study.MethodsA consecutive sample of 134 endometrial cancer survivors was recruited from the outpatient clinics of a medical centre in Taipei, Taiwan. Data were collected using structured questionnaires.ResultsStudy subjects scored 44 points (SD = 7.09) on average for the fatigue levels. Results of linear regression showed that sleep quality (ß = −0.38), comorbidity index (ß = −0.024) and age (ß = 0.20) were important predictors of fatigue. However, differences in obesity, vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity did not lead to significant differences in fatigue level.ConclusionsSurvivors who had poorer sleep quality, higher comorbidity index and younger age reported higher fatigue.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study findings are relevant for assessing and preventing fatigue in endometrial cancer survivors. Those with poorer sleep quality, higher comorbidity index and younger age are at a greater risk for fatigue and deserve further attention. Although the study results failed to support the link between obesity, vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity and fatigue, the ratio of survivors who comply with recommended healthy lifestyles was low. Hence, it is of urgent necessity that this population receives the help to maintain a healthy lifestyle.