bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Hypothermia in Preterm Infants Under 36 Weeks: Outcomes and Brain MRI Findings
Authors: Roca-Llabrés Paola , Fontalvo-Acosta Melissa , Aldecoa-Bilbao Victoria , Alarcón Ana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of neonatal brain injury. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the standard treatment for term neonates, but its safety and efficacy in neonates <36 weeks’ gestational age (GA) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of preterm infants with HIE treated with TH.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of preterm infants (<36w’GA) treated with TH (01/2019-06/2024). Data on demographics, clinical complications, coagulation profiles, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neurodevelopment outcomes were analyzed.
Results: Seventeen patients were included (median GA 34.4w; median birth weight 2300g), 58.8% were male. Placental abruption was identified in 7 cases (41.2%), and 8 (47.1%) required advanced resuscitation. Thirteen patients (76.5%) presented anemia, 12 (70.6%) coagulopathy, 9 (52.9%) thrombocytopenia, and 9 (52.9%) acute liver failure. Hypofibrinogenemia (<1g/L) was significantly associated with severe intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and mortality unrelated to withdrawal of care. MRI findings were classified based on the predominant lesion: I-hypoxic-ischemic injury, II-severe ICH, or III-normal/mild findings. Severe ICH was the predominant lesion in 4 cases (23.5%). White matter injury was seen in 12 (76%). Death occurred in 8 cases (47.1%), with 3 (37.5%) resulting from withdrawal of care and 5 (62.5%) from fatal complications. Of the 9 surviving patients, at 2 years, 6 (66.7%) had normal neurodevelopment, while 1 (11.1%) had severe disability.
Conclusion: Coagulation abnormalities, particularly hypofibrinogenemia, significantly increase the risk of severe ICH and mortality in <36w infants treated with TH. The safety and efficacy of TH in this population require further investigation.
Knowledge, attitudes and factors associated with the utilization of youth- friendly sexual and reproductive health services among teenagers and young adults in Kigali city, Rwanda
Authors: Nyirarukundo Julienne , Venuste Musugire , Nsangiyumva Boniface , Mukashyaka Joëlla , Nzeyimana Zephanie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services (YFSRHSs) play a paramount role in supporting the physiological, cognitive, emotional, and social evolution of young people into healthy and productive adults. In Rwanda, services are provided by health facilities with trained healthcare providers and youth centers where young people are additionally equipped with short professional courses such as welding, cooking, football, and computer literacy, among others. This study was conducted to assess knowledge and attitudes toward YFSRHS and determine the factors associated with their use among non-married or cohabiting teenagers and young adults (TYAs) aged 15–24 years.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional survey in which data were collected from July 8 to 22, 2024. The collected data were analyzed via STATA version 17. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to identify factors associated with the utilization of the YFSRHS. Statistical significance was assumed at a p value less than 0.05.
Setting:
Data were collected in three districts of Kigali city in Rwanda, Eastern Africa.
Results
This study revealed that out of the 850 TYAs included in the study, both sexes were nearly equally represented: 49.4% females versus 50.6% males. The proportions of TYAs with adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and practices were 76.9%, 70.0%, and 60.0%, respectively. The predictors of YFSRHS use include living in the Gasabo district [aOR:4 with 95% C. I: 2.5–6.1], being aware of the services [aOR:3.8 with 95% C. I: 2.3–6.2], having adequate knowledge of YFSRHS [aOR: 2.6 with 95% C. I: 1.7–3.9], being a student in a school located near lodges/guest houses [aOR:1.6 with 95% C. I: 1.0–2.6], being female [aOR: 1.6 with 95% C. I: 1.1–2.3], being cared for by a father [aOR:2.4 with 95% C. I: 1.4–4.1] or a mother only [aOR: 1.8 with 95% C. I: 1.8–2.7], and having positive attitudes toward YFSRHS [aOR: 1.8 with 95% C. I: 1.2–2.7]. Furthermore, the number of TYAs who ever used YFSRHS was 2.2 [aOR: 2.2 with 95% C. I: 0.9–5.1] times more likely to be using contraceptives, and 2.4 [aOR:2.4 with 95% C. I: 1.6–3.4] more likely to have been tested for HIV than those who were not.
Conclusion
Despite the apparent benefits of YFSRH in increasing the uptake of HIV testing and contraception services among TYAs in Kigali city, their use remains low, mainly due to a lack of adequate knowledge, which in turn affects the positive attitudes of TYAs toward YFSRHS, especially among males. Thus, efforts aimed at increasing the utilization of services should focus on increasing awareness of TYAs in services, with a particular emphasis on males and those at greater risk of HIV and unintended pregnancies.
Significance of Ultrasound Combined with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Monitoring Transfusion- Associated Intestinal Injury in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Study Protocol for a Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Zhu Weiwei , Du Qing , Chen Liling , Huang Jianqiu , Liu Yunfeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Most preterm infants with a gestational age < 32 weeks in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) undergo blood transfusion therapy during their hospital stay to enhance their oxygen-carrying capacity and improve the oxygenation of vital organs. However, anemia and blood transfusions can lead to intestinal damage. Bedside abdominal ultrasonography and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are widely applied to monitor intestinal injury and oxygen perfusion. We hypothesized that in preterm infants (gestational age < 32 weeks) with anemia and indications for transfusion, signs of intestinal injury detected by abdominal ultrasound and NIRS may appear earlier than clinical symptoms, signs, and other auxiliary examinations. Herein, we present the protocol of a study designed to assess whether abdominal ultrasonography and NIRS could therefore improve the timeliness, sensitivity, and accuracy of intestinal injury diagnosis, thereby improving prognosis.
Methods
This prospective observational study will enroll infants with a gestational age between 23 + 0 and 31 + 6 weeks with neonatal anemia, who meet the criteria for blood transfusion, and scheduled to receive transfusion therapy. In addition to routine clinical symptoms, signs, and other auxiliary examination monitoring during the transfusion process, abdominal ultrasound and NIRS findings will be analyzed. The primary outcome is the prediction intestinal injury related to anemia/transfusion using ultrasound and NIRS. A sample size of 100 cases has been set.
Conclusion
The etiology of transfusion-associated neonatal enterocolitis (TANEC) remains unclear and may result from multiple factors. Several prospective studies have assessed the significance and advantages of abdominal ultrasound combined with NIRS for monitoring intestinal injury in anemic states and transfusion therapy. Therefore, this trial aims to test the following hypothesis: monitoring intestinal injury in preterm infants (gestational age < 32 weeks) with anemia receiving red blood cell transfusions using abdominal ultrasound and NIRS can provide real-time information on changes in intestinal oxygenation during transfusion, to identify specific signs and trends in the digestive system prior to clinical symptoms and other auxiliary examination methods, thereby guiding and adjusting clinical decisions more accurately, sensitively, and rapidly. Thus, monitoring could reduce or prevent the occurrence and progression of intestinal injury, thereby improving long-term survival and prognosis.
Clinical Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05137340.
First report of Gyrodactylus teuchis (Monopisthocotyla: Gyrodactylidae) in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from Eastern Europe
Authors: Parshukov Aleksey , Ieshko Evgeny , Sokolov Sergey , Mugue Lubov , Mugue Nikolai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Gyrodactylus teuchis is a widespread in Western and Central Europe parasite of wild and farmed salmonid fishes. We recorded this parasite species on one-year-old caged rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from Lake Kalmozero (White Sea drainage system, Republic of Karelia, Russia) in May and October 2023. The infection prevalence was 100% and 75%, and the mean abundance was 20.8 and 18.1 ind., respectively. Morphological identification of these specimens was confirmed by molecular data on the mitochondrial cox1 gene. This is the first report on G. teuchis finding in the White Sea drainage basin as well as in cage-reared rainbow trout in Russia.
More Anastomotic Ulcers, Less Dumping and Equal Weight Loss in Long vs. Short Gastric Pouch in Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Buehler Gaby , Schneider Romano , Peterli Ralph , Suesstrunk Julian , Kraljević Marko , Woellnerhansen Bettina , Fourie Lana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Anastomotic ulcers (AU) at the gastroenterostomy are a common postoperative complication after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB). Possible risk factors for ulcer formation include active smoking, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, increased tension or ischemia at the anastomosis, or factors that increase the acid secretion of the gastric pouch. Therefore, a longer gastric pouch may increase risk of AU formation after LRYGB.
Methods
This study is a retrospective analysis of prospective collected data from patients undergoing LRYGB between 2009 and 2019 with a minimum follow-up of two years. We analyzed AU formation, other complications, age, weight evolution, obesity associated medical problems, smoking-status, and medication in two groups; long (LP-GP) vs. short pouch (SP-GP) LRYGB.
Results
A total of 1058 patients were included in the analysis (178 with LP-GP and 880 with SP-GP). A long gastric pouch significantly increased the rate of AU (LP-GP 12.4% vs. SP-GP 2.6%, p = < 0.01, OR 5.3). In contrast, the appearance of dumping syndrome improved in patients undergoing LP-GP (LP-GP 49% vs. SP-GP 60%, P = < 0.01, OR 1.5). Whereas no difference was observed between the groups in terms of weight loss in the first two years after surgery.
Conclusion
LRYGB with a long compared to a short gastric pouch increases the rate of AU while decreasing the appearance of dumping syndrome. These findings influence the postoperative course of patients undergoing LRYGB, particularly concerning prolonged proton pump inhibitor prophylaxis and a possible tailored surgical approach.
A Quantum Annealing-Based Approach for Multi-Objective Optimization in Flexible Job Shop Scheduling using Quantum- Adaptive Flex Scheduler
Authors: Chinnusamy T. R. , Raja V. L. , T Gopalakrishnan , R Manikandan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The advent of quantum computing has introduced transformative potential for solving complex optimization problems, particularly in the field of manufacturing. This paper presents the Quantum-Adaptive Flex Scheduler (QAFS), a hybrid algorithm that leverages Quantum Annealing (QA) to address the Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSSP) with multiple objectives. QAFS integrates quantum mechanics with traditional heuristic methods to efficiently navigate the vast solution space of FJSSP, overcoming the computational limitations faced by classical algorithms. Our computational study demonstrates that QAFS significantly improves key performance metrics: it reduces makespan by 10–15%, enhances workload distribution by 5–10%, and achieves priority adherence 10–20% more effectively than Classical Scheduling Algorithms (CSA). Moreover, QAFS achieves superior solution quality, attaining an 85% C-metric coverage and a HyperVolume Ratio (HVR) of 0.92, underscoring its capability to generate Pareto-efficient solutions in multi-objective scenarios. These findings highlight the practical potential of QAFS to revolutionize production planning and control in manufacturing, offering a scalable and adaptive solution that responds effectively to real-time constraints and fluctuating market demands.
Securing IoMT-Based Healthcare Systems with Meta-Heuristic Quantum Cryptography and Honeybee Optimization
Authors: Hazber Mohamed A.G. , Alreshidi Abdulrahman , Altamimi Mohammed , Muniasamy Anandhavalli , Islam Asharul , Ahmed Mohammed Altaf , Alalayah Khaled M. , Hussain Shahid , Irshad Reyazur Rashid 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The proliferation of sensing technology, coupled with the integration of cloud infrastructure in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)-based healthcare frameworks, revolutionizes patient healthcare by enabling remote monitoring and leveraging the scalability, flexibility, and computational power of the cloud for efficient data processing, analysis, and decision-making. This transformative approach enhances patient care quality, mitigates risks, reduces waiting times and costs, and avoids the need for frequent visits to doctors. Albeit this development empowers seamless data processing across a sophisticated network of interconnected devices and servers, while concurrently posing noteworthy security risks that magnify the potential for vulnerabilities and breaches throughout the entire data processing pipeline. Conventional cryptographic algorithms, based on computational complexity, struggle to sufficiently secure sensitive healthcare data against the rapid advancements in computing power and the potential breakthroughs in algorithmic attacks. This underscores the necessity for powerful cryptographic algorithms that can effectively defend against advanced computational attacks, ensuring enhanced security and maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of information. To address these challenges, this paper presents a novel hybrid security model that combines the honeybee optimization algorithm with quantum cryptography. Quantum cryptography ensures the secure generation and distribution of encryption keys within healthcare systems, mitigating vulnerabilities. The integration of Honeybee optimization in the cloud server enhances data integrity and optimizes system performance. The honeybee fitness function accurately estimates the integrity of encrypted data by comparing it with the original hash value. Additionally, a user verification module is developed to authenticate authorized users and prevent unauthorized data access. The proposed framework is applied to a publicly available smart healthcare dataset, revealing a confidentiality rate of 98.00 %, a data integrity rate of 99.00 %, and a low error rate of 0.12 %. These results showcase the superior performance of the model compared to existing techniques. This research provides a robust solution to the security and privacy concerns in IoMT-based healthcare systems, fostering trust and ensuring the integrity of sensitive healthcare information.
Detecting Trajectory of Targeted Attack by Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Ou Ya-Hui , Tsai Yi-Lang , Wu Zhen-Yu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The proliferation of the internet has accelerated information transmission, greatly facilitating everyday life. However, with the growth of digitalization, cyber attacks have become increasingly prevalent, and information security issues have intensified. Modern cyber attack methods are rapidly evolving, moving from random attacks to precise, targeted assaults on government agencies and enterprises, with Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) being a prominent example. These targeted attacks often infiltrate systems undetected, lying dormant until the opportune moment to strike, frequently causing substantial damage before detection.
This study, based on real-world cyber attack data, identifies that attack behaviors often exhibit observable patterns before initiation. Therefore, the study employs the Elastic Net model to isolate critical attack characteristics, further analyzing and predicting attack behavior using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The HMM, grounded in sequence behavior, is capable of managing randomness and uncertainty, enabling early detection of latent attack actions before significant damage occurs.
Experimental results show that this approach significantly enhances the precision of network security monitoring and effectively reduces the potential losses caused by attacks. In an environment of increasingly complex cyber threats, this study offers a combined theoretical and practical solution to strengthen real-time warnings and bolster cybersecurity defenses.
Symbolic-regression aided development of a new cubic equation of state for improved liquid phase density calculation at pressures up to 100 MPa
Authors: Yang Xiaoxian , Frotscher Ophelia , Richter Markus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

For over a century, cubic equations of state (EoS) have been used to calculate density and phase equilibria of pure fluids and mixtures. Despite a century’s development with hundreds of resulting cubic EoS, their accuracy in liquid phase density calculations is still unsatisfactory. In this work, a new cubic EoS was developed to improve the accuracy of liquid phase density calculation while keeping similar accuracy of other properties. The new cubic EoS, named YFR (Yang-Frotscher-Richter) EoS, was developed based on the functional form of the Patel-Teja (PT) EoS [p = RT/(v-b) – a/(v(v + b) + c(v-b)]. In the PT EoS, parameters b and c are linked to an empirical critical compressibility factor ξC, and all these three parameters are constants for a pure fluid. By contrast, in the YFR EoS, ξC, b, and c are functions of temperature, and the equations describing this dependency were developed with symbolic regression. This is the key to improving liquid phase density calculation, although it leads to thermodynamic inconsistencies at high pressures. The application range of the new cubic EoS is thus limited to pressures up to 100 MPa. The YFR EoS was developed using nearly all pure fluids available in NIST’s REFPROP 10.0 database, with reference values computed with REFPROP. The average of the absolute value of relative deviations (AARD) of liquid phase densities calculated with the YFR EoS from reference values is approximately 2%, compared to 3% when using the Patel-Teja-Valderrama (PTV) EoS and 6% when using the Peng-Robinson (PR) EoS. The YFR EoS has been implemented in our self-developed OilMixProp 1.0 software package.
Effects of Feel Your Best Self Mini-Lessons During Morning Meeting on Kindergarten Class-Wide Behaviors
Authors: Chafouleas Saandra M , Weiner Michael A , Koslouski Jessica B 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Universal prevention efforts in schools have been advocated as a way to address substantial challenges in access to social, emotional, and behavioral supports, but schools often struggle to deliver these services effectively. Feel Your Best Self (FYBS) was developed as one solution by offering a flexible, easy-to-use way for elementary teachers to integrate learning simple emotion-coping strategies. Using an alternating treatment design, we investigate the effects of FYBS mini-lessons delivered during Morning Meeting on class-wide behavior compared to business-as-usual Morning Meeting in a kindergarten classroom. Systematic direct observation and Direct Behavior Ratings of class-wide behaviors were used as outcomes. Results suggest increased class-wide academic engagement and positive affect in the instructional period following FYBS mini-lessons, as well as decreased disruptive behavior. No differences were found in class-wide frustration tolerance or flexibility. FYBS mini-lessons were perceived as highly usable by the teacher. This study provides initial evidence that FYBS can be used to promote emotion skills and positive classroom behavior and can be integrated into existing classroom routines such as Morning Meetings.
The utility of physical activity questionnaires among African origin populations; lost in translation?
Authors: Davies Jessica C. , Choo-Kang Candice , Soepnel Larske , Geffen Hayli , Mtintsilana Asanda , Africa Chad , Bovet Pascal , Viswanathan Bharathi , Bedu-Addo Kweku , Boateng Prince Oti , Apusiga Kingsley , Dei Oscar Akunor , Forrester Terrence E. , Lambert Estelle V. , Sinyanya Nandipha , Layden Brian T. , Gilbert Jack A. , Ecklu-Mensah Gertrude , Joyce Cara , Luke Amy , Dugas Lara R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Physical activity (PA) is an important preventive factor of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular disease, yet progress towards reducing physical inactivity in populations is slow. Population-levels of PA are most often estimated using self-report questionnaires in population surveys, such as the Global PA Questionnaire (GPAQ), which may not accurately reflect objectively measured PA, such as accelerometers. The aim of the current study was to compare self-report vs objectively measured PA across 5 African-origin populations.
Methods: Approximately 2,000 African-origin men and women (35-55 yrs) were enrolled in a prospective cohort study to explore the relationship between lifestyle and cardiometabolic health. Participants were from Ghana, South Africa (SA), Jamaica, Seychelles, and the United States (US). Data collection included objective PA (accelerometer) and self-reported PA (GPAQ). WHO defines “sufficiently active” as performing >150 minutes of moderate intensity PA per week, or >600 MET*min/week (metabolic equivalent of task in minutes/week). Logistic regression was used to determine the proportion of participants that were physically active by accelerometry, among those who were found as sufficiently active based on GPAQ.
Results: 1,161 participants had complete self-reported PA and accelerometery data. Overall, 23.5% were classified as sufficiently active by both PA measures, while 38.2% of those classified as sufficiently active based on self-reported PA did not meet the criteria using objective monitoring (sensitivity of GPAQ: 74%, specificity: 44%). Among participants who were classified as sufficiently active according to the questionnaire (n=717), participants from Ghana (OR=3.2, p<0.01), SA (OR=5.3, p<0.01), Jamaica (OR=2.3, p=0.01), and Seychelles (OR=1.9, p=0.03) were more likely to be similarly classified as sufficiently active based on accelerometry, compared to those from the US, and men (OR=2.9, p<0.01) more likely than women. Finally, obese participants had 0.4 times lower adjusted odds to be similarly classified as sufficiently active using objective measures compared to non-obese participants (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Our findings further underscore difficulties in interpreting self-reported PA, which may furthermore vary across different settings and socio-economic settings. Given the importance of PA interventions for reducing the NCD burden, future research should explore tailored approaches to better understand self-report PA accuracy and to better assess the dose-response between PA and cardiometabolic risk.