bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible cellular distribution of cadmium and zinc in the hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera determined by 2-D X-ray fluorescence imaging using high-energy synchrotron radiation
Authors: Fukuda Naoki , Kitajima Nobuyuki , Terada Yasuko , Abe Tomoko , Nakai Izumi , Hokura Akiko 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The striking sub-cellular distribution of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in the Cd and Zn hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera was revealed by microbeam X-ray microfluorescence analysis (μ-XRF) using high-energy synchrotron radiation. Plants were grown in hydroponics with various Cd and Zn concentrations. The concentration of Cd in the aerial portions of the plants increased with increasing Zn exposure and the transportation efficiency of Cd from the root to the shoot was affected by both the Cd and Zn concentrations in the nutrient solution. The μ-XRF imaging clearly showed that Cd and Zn were preferentially accumulated in trichomes on the leaf, while the distribution of Cd in the leaf was changed by Zn treatment. It was observed that Cd treated with a higher Zn concentration (20 μM Cd + 100 μM Zn) was distributed in the mesophyll tissue at high concentrations. In addition, μ-XRF imaging clarified that the distribution of Zn inside the leaf was different from that of Cd at a cellular level. Zn was primarily distributed in the mesophyll tissue of the leaf blade. In contrast, Cd was localized in the vascular bundle of the main vein. That is, Zn was transported to mesophyll tissue from the vascular bundle more efficiently than Cd. As seen above, we were able to study the difference of the distribution of Cd and Zn, which are congeners and behave similarly, inside the plant body at the cellular level in detail by high-energy μ-XRF.
PD-L1 regulates tumorigenesis and autophagy of ovarian cancer by activating mTORC signaling
Authors: Gao Hongmin , Zhang Juan , Ren Xiaohong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
PD-L1 is a well-known immune co-stimulatory molecule that regulates tumour cell escape from immunity by suppressing the immune response. However, the clinical significance of PD-L1 in the progression of ovarian cancer is unclear. Our study demonstrated that PD-L1 is up-regulated in ovarian tumour tissue compared with its expression level in adjacent normal tissue. Furthermore, we confirmed that PD-L1 increases the proliferation of cancer cells by activating the AKT-mTORC signalling pathway, which is also enhanced by the expression of S6K, the substrate of mTORC. In addition, PD-L1 promotes the autophagy of ovarian cancer cells by up-regulating the expression of BECN1, a crucial molecule involved in the regulation of autophagy. In conclusion, PD-L1 may provide a target for the development of a novel strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Shape coexistence in 94Zr studied via Coulomb excitation
Authors: Marchini Naomi , Rocchini Marco , Nannini Adriana , Doherty Daniel T. , Zielińska Magdalena , Garrett Paul E. , Hadyńska-Klęk Katarzyna , Testov Dmitry , Goasduff Alain , Benzoni Giovanna , Camera Franco , Bakes Samuel D. , Bazzacco Dino , Bergmaier Andreas , Berry Thomas , Bidaman Harris , Bildstein Vinzenz , Brugnara Daniele , Brunet Vincent H. , Catford Wilton N. , De Rizzo Matteo , Diaz Varela Alejandra , Fäestermann Thomas , Galtarossa Franco , Gelli Nicla , Gottardo Andrea , Gozzellino Andrea , Hertenberger Ralf , Illana Andres , Keatings James , Kennington Adam R.L. , Mengoni Daniele , Morrison Lisa , Napoli Daniel R. , Ottanelli Marco , Pasqualato Giorgia , Recchia Francesco , Riccetto Serena , Scheck Marcus , Siciliano Marco , Sighinolfi Giovanni , Sinclair Jacqueline , Spagnoletti Pietro , Valiente Dobón José J. , Vandebrouck Marine , Wrzosek-Lipska Katarzyna , Zanon Irene 
Published: December 2019

In recent years, a number of both theoretical and experimental investigations have been performed focusing on the zirconium isotopic chain. In particular, state-of-the-art Monte Carlo shell-model calculations predict shape coexistence in these isotopes. In this context, the 94Zr nucleus, which is believed to possess a nearly spherical ground state, is particularly interesting since the purported deformed structure is basedon the low-lying 02+ state, making it amenable for detailed study. In order to provide definitive conclusionson the shapes of the low-lying states, two complementary experiments to study 94Zr by means of low-energy Coulomb excitation were performed. This data will allow the quadrupole moments of the 21,2+ levels to be extracted as well as for the deformation parameters of the 01,2+ states to be determined and, thus, definitive conclusions to be drawn on the role of shape coexistence in this nucleus for the first time.
The first experiment was performed at the INFN Legnaro National Laboratory with the GALILEO-SPIDER setup, which, for the first time, was coupled with 6 lanthanum bromide scintillators (LaBr3:Ce) in order to maximize the γ-ray detection effciency. The second experiment was performed at the Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory (MLL) in Munich and used a Q3D magnetic spectrograph to detect the scattered 12C ions following Coulomb excitation of 94Zr targets.
États-Unis, la GEN IV en effervescence
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc , Merlin Charles 
Published: December 2019

Aux États-Unis, le consensus politique autour du nucléaire et la vitalité de l’industrie font du pays une terre fertile pour les projets de réacteurs de 4e génération. Parmi les particularités nationales figurent le caractère privé des acteurs et leur nombre : plus de cinquante entreprises travaillent sur les « réacteurs avancés ». Outre-Atlantique, on parle d’Advanced reactors, un terme qui englobe aussi bien les réacteurs GEN IV que les SMR (Small Modular Reactors ou petits réacteurs modulaires). Le terme SMR faisant référence à la taille, à la modularité des réacteurs mais non à la technologie employée, les deux catégories peuvent se superposer. Les réacteurs de GEN IV développés dans le pays sont d’ailleurs le plus souvent des SMR.
Prähospitale Strategie beim Tauchunfall
Authors: Wunderlich Thomas , Kranich Michael , Staps Enrico 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungObwohl wir im Rettungsdienst sehr selten mit Tauchunfällen konfrontiert sind, ist es wichtig, mit dem Tauchen in Verbindung stehende Erkrankungen zu erkennen bzw. durch das Szenario „Tauchunfall“ nicht andere Erkrankungen zu übersehen oder falsch zu interpretieren. Die zielführende Therapie bei einer schweren Dekompressionserkrankung ist eine hyperbare Oxygenation. Wegen der geringen Verfügbarkeit von Druckkammern in Deutschland müssen die korrekten einsatztaktischen Entscheidungen frühzeitig getroffen werden.
Kopfschmerz im Notfall einschätzen
Authors: Meister Monika , Wolf Björn 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungKopfschmerz ist eine Erfahrung, die viele Menschen in ihrem Leben machen, aber nicht jeder Kopfschmerz ist auch gefährlich und bedarf einer intensiven Diagnostik und Therapie. Dieser Artikel stellt dar, welche Kopfschmerzarten gefährlich sind und daher sofort erkannt und behandelt werden sollten. Zusätzlich wird ein pragmatisches therapeutisches Vorgehen in der Notfallsituation vorgeschlagen.
Digital unterstützte kombiniert kieferorthopädisch-kieferchirurgische Therapie
Authors: Brauer Luise , Pausch Niels 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Korrektur ausgeprägter skelettaler Dysgnathien des maxillofazialen Bereiches erfordert ein interdisziplinär gut abgestimmtes Behandlungskonzept. Digitale Planungsmöglichkeiten spielen – auch hinsichtlich der Kommunikation zwischen Behandlern – eine immer größere Rolle. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Stationen dieser kombinierten Behandlung und legt dann seinen Schwerpunkt auf das Vorgehen im Bereich des digitalen Arbeitsflusses.
Workload and Injury in Professional Soccer Players: Role of Injury Tissue Type and Injury Severity
Authors: Enright Kevin , Green Matthew , Hay Gordon , Malone James J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of workload prior to injury on injury (tissue type and severity) in professional soccer players. Twenty-eight days of retrospective training data prior to non-contact injuries (n=264) were collated from 192 professional soccer players. Each injury tissue type (muscle, tendon and ligament) and severity (days missed) were categorised by medical staff. Training data were recorded using global positioning system (GPS) devices for total distance (TD), high speed distance (HSD,>5.5 m/s−1), and sprint distance (SPR,>7.0 m/s−1). Accumulated 1, 2, 3, 4-weekly loads and acute:chronic workload ratios (ACWR) (coupled, uncoupled and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) approaches) were calculated. Workload variables and injury tissue type were compared using a one-way ANOVA. The association between workload variables and injury severity were examined using a bivariate correlation. There were no differences in accumulated weekly loads and ACWR calculations between muscle, ligament, and tendon injuries (P>0.05). Correlations between each workload variable and injury severity highlighted no significant associations (P>0.05). The present findings suggest that the ability of accumulated weekly workload or ACWR methods to differentiate between injury type and injury severity are limited using the present variables.
Risks and Strategies to Avoid Approach-Related Complications During Operative Treatment of Pelvic Ring or Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Küper Markus Alexander , Trulson Alexander , Minarski Christian , Stuby Fabian , Stöckle Ulrich , Konrads Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInjuries of the pelvic ring or the acetabulum are either to be found in young patients with high energy trauma mechanisms or in geriatric patients after simple falls with very low impact energy. The indication for surgical stabilization is given by the grade of instability. Exact knowledge of the different possible surgical approaches is essential for the planning of the surgical treatment. Both, knowledge of reachable anatomical structures and possible risks of the different approaches are important. In this review, we summarize the standard surgical approaches to the pelvic ring and to the acetabulum. We describe the reachable anatomical structures for each approach, approach-related pitfalls, and we focus on strategies to reduce approach-related complications.
Thyroid Dysfunction and Cholesterol Gallstone Disease
Authors: Kube Irina , Zwanziger Denise 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCholesterol gallstone disease (CGD) affects 10–15% of the adult population worldwide and the prevalence increases as a result of longer life expectancy as well as rising obesity in the general population. Beside well established CGD risk factors including environmental and genetic determinants (LITH genes), a correlation between thyroid dysfunction and CGD has been suggested in several human and murine studies. Although the precise underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, thyroid hormones may impact bile flow, bile composition and the maintenance of the enterohepatic circulation. Further there is evidence that thyroid hormones possibly impact LITH genes which are regulated by nuclear receptors (NRs). A better understanding of the CGD pathomechanisms might contribute to personalized prevention and therapy of highly prevalent and economically significant digestive disease. This review presents the current knowledge about the association between CGD and thyroid hormone dysfunction.
Catalytic Strategies to Enantiopure Benzoins: Past and Future
Authors: De Luca Lorena , Mezzetti Antonio 
Published: December 2019

The catalytic strategies developed so far for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure benzoins are reviewed. Particular attention is given to their substrate scope and limitations. Finally, this short review highlights the advantages of more atom-economic methods that have been reported recently.1	Introduction2	Benzoin Condensation2.1	Nucleophilic Carbenes as Catalysts2.2	Homocondensation of Aromatic Aldehydes2.3	Cross-Benzoin Condensation2.4	Acyloin Condensation2.5	Biocatalytic Methods3	Organocatalytic Friedel–Crafts Reaction4	Oxidative Methods4.1	α-Hydroxylation of Ketones4.2	Ketohydroxylation of Alkenes4.3	Enantiospecific Oxidation of meso-Hydrobenzoins4.4	Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Hydrobenzoins4.5	Biocatalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution5	Asymmetric Hemireduction of Benzils5.1	Biocatalytic Reductions – A Brief Summary5.2	Piers Hydrosilylation of Benzils5.3	Photoreduction of Benzils to Benzoins5.4	Metal-Catalyzed Hemihydrogenation of Benzils6	Conclusion and Future Challenges
Brain-wide genetic mapping identifies the indusium griseum as a prenatal target of pharmacologically unrelated psychostimulants
Authors: Fuzik Janos , Rehman Sabah , Girach Fatima , Miklosi Andras G. , Korchynska Solomiia , Arque Gloria , Romanov Roman A. , Hanics János , Wagner Ludwig , Meletis Konstantinos , Yanagawa Yuchio , Kovacs Gabor G. , Alpár Alán , Hökfelt Tomas G. M. , Harkany Tibor 
Published: December 2019

SignificanceDrug abuse during pregnancy carries significant risk for impaired fetal development. Here, we show that episodic exposure to amphetamine, nicotine, or caffeine during pregnancy induces various patterns of neuronal activity in the fetal brain. The indusium griseum, situated parallel to the central surface of the cortical hemispheres, is indiscriminately activated. Herein, psychostimulants preferentially target glutamatergic neurons and delay their differentiation. Particularly, expression of secretagogin, a Ca2+-sensor protein, is deregulated, which is significant because its loss impairs the integration of information that flows along limbic and olfactory circuits. Cumulatively, we describe psychostimulant-sensitive brain regions and unique neuronal subtypes whose developmental delay disrupts circuit wiring such that behavioral abnormalities can manifest in offspring prenatally exposed to psychostimulants.
Solidification and superlubricity with molecular alkane films
Authors: Smith Alexander M. , Hallett James E. , Perkin Susan 
Published: December 2019

Significance
An essential step in society’s attempt to reduce energy consumption is to understand and optimize energy dissipation (friction) in mechanical processes. Despite decades of study, one of the most fundamental model systems in the study of friction remains unsolved: the shear of molecular films of simple alkanes between atomically smooth crystalline surfaces. Previous reports of the friction coefficient diverge over three orders of magnitude, and reports that the film solidifies on confinement remain controversial. We perform measurements with control over parameters not previously taken into account, allowing us to reconcile earlier reports. We demonstrate that the alkane films indeed solidify, and yet retain ultralow friction coefficients under certain conditions.
MiR-381-3p suppresses biological characteristics of cancer in head-neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (NASP)
Authors: Kong Fanyong , Li Lianhe , Wang Chaoshan , Zhang Qiang , He Shizhi 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
MiR-381-3p and nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (NASP) have regulatory functions in tumors. Whether NASP is targeted by miR-381-3p to influence biological characteristics of cancer in head-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells was investigated. StarBase (version 3.0) found that the expression of NASP was increased with the down-regulation of miR-381-3p in laryngocarcinoma tissue, AMC-HN-3，FaDu，HNE-3，and Detroit 562 cell lines. MiR-381-3p could target NASP, reduce the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, Vimentin, repress the cell viability, invasion, and migration, and promote the expression of E-cadherin in AMC-HN-3 cells. Overexpressed NASP could increase the viability, migration and invasion rates in AMC-HN-3 cells, which could be partially reversed by overexpressed miR-381-3p. Thus, miR-381-3p targeted and suppressed NASP gene, reduced the viability, migration, invasion, EMT of HNSCC cells, demonstrating that miR-381-3p has the potential to be a therapeutic target in inhibiting the progression of HNSCC.
Leisure‐time physical activity is negatively associated with depression symptoms independently of the socioeconomic status
Authors: Marques Adilson , Peralta Miguel , Gouveia Élvio R. , Martins João , Sarmento Hugo , Gomez‐Baya Diego 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjective: There are few studies evaluating the relationship between depression symptoms (DS) and physical activity (PA) considering peoples’ sociodemographic characteristics. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between DS and PA, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics of European adults.Methods: Participants were 29,285 adults (13,943 men, 47.6%; 15,342 women, 52.4%), aged 50.9 ± 17.4 (50.6 ± 17.3 men, 51.1 ± 17.5 women) from the European Social Survey round 7. DS was assessed with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D8). Leisure‐time PA (LTPA) was self‐reported. The analysed sociodemographic characteristics were sex, age, living place, household members, marital status, income, and educational level. The relationship between DS and PA, stratified by sociodemographic variables, was examined by linear regression models.Results: Engaging in LTPA was negatively and linearly related to DS, independently of being men or women, being younger, middle or older adult, living in an urban or rural area, having children or not, being single or married, being wealthy or poor, employment status, and to having a lower or a higher education level. Age was the variable with both the least and the greatest effect of LTPA on DS. The least effect of LTPA on DS was observed in younger adults (β = −0.08, 95% CI: −0.11, −0.05) and the greatest effect in retired people (β = −0.33, 95% CI: −0.36, −0.29).Conclusion: Independently of sociodemographic characteristics, LTPA is associated with DS and can benefit everyone. Public health policies for promoting mental health should include PA promotion as an important strategy for the prevention or treatment of DS.
GAN for Recommendation System
Authors: Prosvetov A. V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In our day there are many approaches for recommendation generation, however several unsolved problems still exist. In our work we study the potential of Generative Adversarial Networks to generate relevant recommendations and compare the proposed approach with another recommendations system based on neural networks. We found that recommendation system based on GANs can successively compete with state-of-the-art network in the field of recommendation generation and suggest, that GAN recommendation system have high potential.
Optimising the use of ensemble information in numerical weather forecasts of wind power generation
Authors: Stanger J , Finney I , Weisheimer A , Palmer T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Electricity generation output forecasts for wind farms across Europe use numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. These forecasts influence decisions in the energy market, some of which help determine daily energy prices or the usage of thermal power generation plants. The predictive skill of power generation forecasts has an impact on the profitability of energy trading strategies and the ability to decrease carbon emissions. Probabilistic ensemble forecasts contain valuable information about the uncertainties in a forecast. The energy market typically takes basic approaches to using ensemble data to obtain more skilful forecasts. There is, however, evidence that more sophisticated approaches could yield significant further improvements in forecast skill and utility. In this letter, the application of ensemble forecasting methods to the aggregated electricity generation output for wind farms across Germany is investigated using historical ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF). Multiple methods for producing a single forecast from the ensemble are tried and tested against traditional deterministic methods. All the methods exhibit positive skill, relative to a climatological forecast, out to a lead time of at least seven days. A wind energy trading strategy involving ensemble data is implemented and produces significantly more profit than trading strategies based on single forecasts. It is thus found that ensemble spread is a good predictor for wind electricity generation output forecast uncertainty and is extremely valuable at informing wind energy trading strategy.
Landscape-scale cropping changes in the High Plains: economic and environmental implications
Authors: Rosenzweig Steven T , Schipanski Meagan E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A global transformation in semi-arid cropping systems is occurring as dryland (non-irrigated) farmers in semi-arid regions shift from crop rotations reliant on year-long bare fallows, called summer fallow, to more intensively cropped systems. Understanding the rate of cropping system intensification at the landscape scale is critical to estimating the economic and environmental implications of this movement. Here, we use high-resolution satellite data to quantify dryland cropping patterns from 2008 to 2016 in the US High Plains. We use these estimates to scale up our previous field-level research in this region on soil carbon, herbicide use, yields, and profitability. Over the nine year study period, the High Plains witnessed a profound shift in cropping systems, as the historically dominant wheat-fallow system was replaced by more intensified rotations as the dominant systems by land area. Out of the 4 million hectares of non-irrigated cropland in the study area, this shift coincided with a 0.5 million-hectare decline in summer fallow and a concurrent increase in alternative (non-wheat) crops. We estimate that, from 2008 to 2016, these patterns resulted in a 0.53 Tg (9%) increase in annual grain production, 80 million USD (10%) increase in annual net farm operating income, substantial reductions in herbicide use, and an increase in C sequestration that corresponds to greenhouse gas reductions of 0.32 million metric tons of CO2 equivalents per year (MMTCO2e yr−1). We project each of these implications to a scenario of potential maximum 100% intensification and estimate that, relative to 2016 levels, herbicide use would be reduced by more than half, grain production would increase by 25%, net operating income would increase by 223 million USD (26%), and greenhouse gases would be reduced by an additional 0.8 MMTCO2e yr−1. The scale of cropping intensification in the High Plains and its environmental and economic impacts has important implications for other regions undergoing similar transformations, and for policy that can either support or hinder these shifts toward more sustainable cropping systems.
Shrinkage of the alkali-activated slag mortars containing alternative activator
Authors: Kucharczyková B , Bílek V , Šimonová H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with the experimental determination of the shrinkage process of the alkali-activated slag mortars (AASM). Two mortars which differed especially in the type of used aggregate were mixed for the experiment. The slag-aggregate ratio was 1:3 for both mortars. The waste sludge, obtained from the water glass production, was used as an activator. The desired workability of the fresh mixtures was reached by addition of water. Because of the high water demand of waste sludge, the water-slag coefficient (w/s) was relatively high – 0.98 for the mortar with the natural sand and 0.73 for the mortar with the standard sand. All test specimens were removed from the moulds at the age of 24 hours and left to dry freely in the laboratory conditions with a temperature of 21 ± 2°C and relative humidity of 50 ± 10% during the whole time of measurement. The results show that AASMs which contain waste sludge exhibit rapid shrinkage with a high magnitude independent on the type of aggregate. During the first 40 hours of ageing, both mortars reached approx. 50% of the final value of shrinkage. The high shrinkage was strengthened by a high w/s coefficient needed to maintain the workability of the fresh mixtures.