bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ovariectomy on maxilla and mandible dimensions of female rats
Authors: Omori Marjorie Ayumi , Marañón‐Vásquez Guido Artemio , Romualdo Priscilla Coutinho , Martins Neto Evandro Carneiro , Stuani Maria Bernadete Sasso , Matsumoto Mirian Aiko Nakane , Nelson‐Filho Paulo , Proff Peter , León Jorge Esquiche , Kirschneck Christian , Küchler Erika C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe role of oestrogen in craniofacial growth still remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effect of oestrogen deficiency on maxilla and mandible dimensions.Setting and Sample PopulationThe study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, and used forty female Wistar rats.Material and MethodsOvariectomy (OVX) and placebo surgery (Sham) were performed when animals were twenty‐one days old (prepubertal stage). Dimensions of the maxilla and mandible were assessed by craniometric analysis using radiographs, during and after puberty of the animals (45 and 63 days old, respectively). Quantitative real‐time PCR and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine the expression and localization, respectively, of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in different growth sites of the evaluated structures at puberty. The differences between the groups for each outcome were evaluated using the t test with an established alpha error of 5%.ResultsThere were significant differences between the OVX and Sham groups for horizontal and vertical linear measurements in the maxilla and the mandible at both pubertal and post‐pubertal stages (P < .05). The ovariectomized rats showed significantly greater measures for all dimensions assessed. No differences in gene expression of ERα and ERβ were identified at the different growth sites between the OVX and Sham groups (P > .05). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed the presence of both oestrogen receptors in osteoblasts and chondrocytes in the midpalatal suture and mandibular condyle, respectively, in the OVX and Sham groups.ConclusionOur results suggest that oestrogen deficiency from the prepubertal stage might increase the growth of the maxilla and mandible in female rats.
Submandibular gland excision: From external surgery to robotic intraoral and extraoral approaches
Authors: Cammaroto Giovanni , Vicini Claudio , Montevecchi Filippo , Bonsembiante Anna , Meccariello Giuseppe , Bresciani Lorenzo , Pelucchi Stefano , Capaccio Pasquale 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubmandibular gland excision is generally performed through a transcervical approach, a safe procedure that, however, carries few neurological, functional and aesthetic drawbacks. Intraoral approach to the submandibular gland has been described many years ago but it has been newly proposed in recent years thanks to endoscope‐assisted and robot‐assisted surgical procedures. The main purpose of intraoral approaches is to avoid cosmetic sequelae and to reduce the risk of marginal nerve injury although the recent introduction of retroauricular, postauricular, facelift and transhairline neck incisions has overcome the need for an alternative to traditional transcervical approach. Different surgical approaches (transoral versus transcervical) to the submandibular gland as well as different type of cutaneous incisions will be illustrated and discussed in the light of advancement of endoscope‐assisted and robot‐assisted procedures.
Strategy to identify resistance to white mould associated with high yield for irrigated common bean in Brazil
Authors: Lima Renan C. , Teixeira Pablo H. , Souza Ari F. F. , Paula Júnior Trazilbo J. , Teixeira Hudson , Lehner Miller S. , Carneiro José E. S. , Marçal Tiago S. , Vieira Rogerio F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDevelopment of common bean cultivars with partial white mould resistance through breeding techniques has been a challenge in Brazil. As yet, lines/cultivars from breeding programmes have not been investigated for resistance; therefore, this study screened 107 lines/cultivars for their reactions to white mould in 14 preliminary trials conducted under irrigation. Thirteen resistant lines/cultivars (three of Andean origin) and six Mesoamerican cultivars (three intermediately resistant and three susceptible) were selected for further investigation. These lines/cultivars and the resistant control A195 were evaluated in six advanced trials and two straw tests to assess the effectiveness of the screening procedure. In 11 preliminary trials, screenings were performed under moderate/high or higher disease pressure. These pressures occurred in two advanced trials in which, when yields were averaged across moderate/high and high pressures, 10 Mesoamerican lines/cultivars selected for resistance yielded 14%, 23%, and 38% more than intermediately resistant cultivars, A195, and susceptible cultivars, with median disease ratings (1–9 scale) of 4.5, 5.7, 5.7, and 6.7, respectively. In the straw test, three Andean lines/cultivars (A195 included) and two susceptible cultivars in the field were among those with the highest levels of physiological resistance. Thus, field rating under high disease pressure and greenhouse rating did not correlate significantly, suggesting that field trials are critical to evaluating resistance and to identifying high‐yielding beans. Therefore, lines/cultivars from breeding programmes assessed in field trials may provide a low cost and fast way to identify high‐yielding bean cultivars with partial resistance to white mould in the subtropical southern hemisphere.
Early time course of change in angiogenic proteins in human skeletal muscle and vascular cells with endurance training
Authors: Hoier Birgitte , Olsen Karina , Hanskov Dorte J. A. , Jorgensen Maria , Norup Liselotte R. , Hellsten Ylva 
Published: April 2020

Angiogenic, mitochondrial, and related transcriptional proteins were assessed in human skeletal muscle and isolated vascular cells during the early phase of endurance training. Thigh muscle biopsies were obtained in healthy young subjects, after one acute bout (n = 9) and after 3, 5, 7, and 14 days (n = 9) of cycle ergometer training. Whole muscle homogenates were analyzed for angiogenic, mitochondrial, and regulatory mRNA and protein levels. Angiogenic proteins were determined in muscle‐derived endothelial cells and pericytes sorted by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Acute exercise induced an increase in whole muscle mRNA of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (4.5‐fold; P = .002) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (2.4‐fold; P = .001) at 2 hours post. After 14 days of training, there was an increase in CD31 protein (63%; P = .010) in whole muscle indicating capillary growth. There was also an increase in muscle VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) (1.5‐fold; P = .013), in OXPHOS proteins (complex I, II, IV, V; 1.4‐ to 1.9‐fold; P < .05) after 14 days of training and an increase in estrogen‐related receptorα protein (1.5‐fold; P = .039) at 14 days compared to 5 days of training. Both endothelial cells and pericytes expressed VEGF and other angiogenic factors at the protein level but with a distinctively lower expression of VEGFR2 and thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) in pericytes. The findings illustrate that initiation of capillary and mitochondrial adaptations occurs within 14 days of training and suggest that sustained changes in angiogenic proteins including VEGF and TSP‐1 are moderate in whole muscle and vascular cells.
Effects of active commuting on health‐related quality of life and sickness‐related absence
Authors: Neumeier Luis M. , Loidl Martin , Reich Bernhard , Fernandez La Puente de Battre Maria Dolores , Kissel Christine K. , Templin Christian , Schmied Christian , Niebauer Josef , Niederseer David 
Published: April 2020

Increased physical activity is associated with numerous health benefits. This study investigated the effect of active commuting (walking and cycling to work) on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and absence days from work due to sickness in healthy working adults. In total, 73 participants (age: 46 ± 9 years), all working at a tertiary university hospital in Salzburg, Austria, were randomized into an intervention group (IG, n = 51) and a control group (CG, n = 22). The IG was asked to commute actively for twelve months, whereas the CG did not have to change their usual commuting behavior. IG was divided into two subgroups: IG‐C (cycling, n = 26) was asked to commute by bicycle and IG‐PT (public transport, n = 25) partially using public transportation and walked the remaining distance to work. Significant positive changes in IG were observed in four subcomponents of the SF‐36 (physical functioning (95 [10] to 100 [8.8], P = .023), mental health (82 [15] to 86 [15], P = .036), vitality (65 [20] to 70 [14], P = .005), and general health (70 [19] to 80 [24], P = .004)) as well as the physical component summary score (56.5 [9] to 59.2 [6.3], P = .002). IG‐C showed greater and more statistically significant changes regarding HRQoL compared to IG‐PT. Associations between active commuting and sick‐leave days were only observed in IG‐PT (7.5 [14.8] to 4.0 [11.3] days, P = .038). In conclusion, active commuting improves various components of HRQoL and might therefore be a possible strategy to increase quality of life in the workforce.
Sentential Names in Tiv1
Authors: Mensah Eyo , Ishima Jighjigh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article explores and analyses Tiv personal names which are composed of sentences. The structural, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of these sentence names are described, and simplex sentence names with their unique grammatical peculiarities and propositional contents are identified. Ethnographic data for this research was obtained through interviews, metalinguistic conversations and participant observations in two Tiv speaking communities: Gboko and Makurdi in Benue State, North‐central Nigeria. In this article, Tiv sentential names are presented and it is argued that they are not mere referential expressions but also provide a reflection of the grammatical structure of the Tiv language. We conclude that the structure of Tiv sentential names is not constrained to any particular set of expressions; as they have semantic and pragmatic attributes which denote some extralinguistic realities that also contribute to the organization of Tiv grammar and the mental representation of the native speakers’ linguistic competence.
Biological behaviour and ezrin expression in canine rhabdomyosarcomas: 25 cases (1990‐2012)
Authors: Connell Dana R. , Rodriguez Carlos O. , Sternberg Rachel A. , Singh Kuldeep , Barger Anne , Garrett Laura D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere are few published reports of canine rhabdomyosarcomas. In human paediatrics, rhabdomyosarcomas account for 5%‐10% of all tumours and >50% of soft tissue sarcomas. They have an aggressive biologic behaviour; most patients develop diffuse metastatic disease. Ezrin, a cytoskeleton linker protein, has been correlated with metastasis in a number of tumours, including rhabdomyosarcomas. The goal of this study was to describe dogs with non‐urinary rhabdomyosarcomas including clinical findings, ezrin expression and outcome. Twenty‐five dogs with rhabdomyosarcomas were identified from two institutions' databases. Signalment, primary tumour location, cytologic and histologic findings, metastatic sites, treatments, survival time and necropsy results were recorded. Immunohistochemical staining for ezrin expression was performed on archived samples; cellular localization of ezrin was characterized. The mean and median age of all patients was 4.3 and 2 years, respectively. Subcutaneous and retrobulbar/orbital were the most common primary tumour locations. Sixteen dogs had metastatic disease at diagnosis. Three dogs presented with diffuse disease where a primary tumour could not be identified. A round cell tumour was the initial diagnosis in 32% of cases, and 76% of cases required immunohistochemistry to establish the diagnosis. The median survival was 10 days. Twenty‐one cases had archived samples available for ezrin staining; all but one was positive and exhibited both membranous and cytoplasmic localization. Rhabdomyosarcomas occur in young dogs, may have a round cell appearance, and exhibit aggressive biologic behaviour. Given ezrin's defined role in metastasis, its observed expression in the tumours in this study suggest its possible role in canine rhabdomyosarcoma's aggressive biologic behaviour.
Multicenter flow cytometry proficiency testing of canine blood and lymph node samples
Authors: Meichner Kristina , Stokol Tracy , Tarigo Jaime , Avery Anne , Burkhard Mary J. , Comazzi Stefano , Fogle Jonathan , Stowe Devorah Marks , Rütgen Barbara , Seelig Davis , Wasserkrug‐Naor Adi , Vernau William , Bienzle Dorothee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundFlow cytometry (FC) is used increasingly in veterinary medicine for further characterization of hematolymphoid cells. Guidelines for optimizing assay performance and interpretation of results are limited, and concordance of results across laboratories is unknown.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine inter‐investigator agreement on the interpretation of FC results from split samples analyzed in different laboratories using various protocols, cytometers, and software; and on the interpretation of archived FC standard (FCS) data files contributed by the different investigators.MethodsThis was a multicenter observational cross‐sectional study. Anticoagulated blood or lymph node aspirate samples from nine client‐owned dogs were aliquoted and shipped to participating laboratories. Samples were analyzed with individual laboratory‐developed protocols. In addition, FCS files from a set of separate samples from 11 client‐owned dogs were analyzed by participating investigators. A person not associated with the study tabulated the results and interpretations. Agreement of interpretations was assessed with Fleiss’ kappa statistic.ResultsProlonged transit times affected sample quality for some laboratories. Overall agreement among investigators regarding the FC sample interpretation was strong (κ = 0.86 ± 0.19, P < .001), and for specific categories, ranged from moderate to perfect. Agreement of the lymphoproliferation or other leukocyte sample category from the analysis of the FCS files was weak (κ = 0.58 ± 0.05, P < .001).ConclusionsLymphoproliferations were readily identified by FC, but identification of the categories of hematolymphoid neoplasia in fresh samples or archived files was variable. There is a need for a more standardized approach to maximize the enormous potential of FC in veterinary medicine.
Finite and non‐finite complement clauses in postcolonial Englishes
Authors: García‐Castro Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the variability between finite and non‐finite complement clauses (CCs) afterremembermeaning ‘recall,’ looking at three postcolonial Englishes (PCEs), Indian, English and Sri Lankan Englishes, and British English as represented in the Corpus of Global Web‐based English (GloWbE). Taking a holistic approach, it examines the distribution and the potential language‐external and internal factors which may cause divergence between L1 and L2 varieties. Language‐external factors, such as innovation, language contact and second‐language (SLA) acquisition processes (Schneider, 2007: 88), appear to prompt the greater proportion of finite complement clauses found in the postcolonial Englishes, as expected based on the alleged tendency towards simplification of these varieties (Williams, 1987). However, the binary logistic regression analyses of language‐internal variables, largely related to the complexity principle (Rohdenburg, 1996, 2006), reveal that common language‐internal factors, apart from variety of English, also condition the choice of complement clause in the four varieties.
Use of Evidence‐based Practice Models and Research Findings in Magnet‐Designated Hospitals Across the United States: National Survey Results
Authors: Speroni Karen Gabel , McLaughlin Maureen Kirkpatrick , Friesen Mary Ann 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAll nurses have responsibilities to enculturate evidence‐based practice (EBP) and translate and implement research findings into nursing care, practices, and procedures.AimsTo report EBP‐related findings from the national Hospital‐Based Nursing Research Characteristics, Care Delivery Outcomes, and Economic Impact Survey questionnaire.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional survey research study of 181 nursing research leaders, 127 responded to these questions: “Has your hospital adopted or does it use a model of evidence‐based practice?” “If yes, what is the name of the model and how is it used?” “Does your hospital implement (translate) findings from nursing research into clinical practice?” “Describe how your hospital implements these findings and whose responsibility it is.” “What factors do you believe facilitate the implementation of findings from nursing research into clinical practice at your hospital?” Qualitative content analyses were used.ResultsOver 90% of nursing research leaders specified that their hospital used an EBP model and implements findings into practice. The most frequently reported models were the Iowa Model of Evidence‐Based Practice, Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence‐Based Practice Model, and Advancing Research and Clinical Practice Through Close Collaboration Model. EBP models were used most frequently for education and training, nurse residency programs, and EBP and research fellowships. Findings were implemented through policy and procedure committee processes, shared governance structures, and EBP processes. Those responsible for implementing findings were project leads, nursing professional practice councils, and clinical nurse specialists and advanced practice nurses. Implementation facilitators were nursing leadership, dissemination of findings, and engaged and educated nurses.Linking Evidence to ActionThese new findings report >90% EBP model use and implementation. All nurses, especially our leaders, have responsibilities to evaluate EBP and how nursing research findings are implemented (translated) into practice. Ideally, engaged and educated nurses who enculturate, support, and sustain EBP will facilitate advancing nursing practice to improve patient and work environment–related outcomes.
PHALANX
Authors: Vechev Martin , Yahav Eran , Yorsh Greta 
Published: April 2020

Unrestricted use of heap pointers makes software systems difficult to understand and to debug. To address this challenge, we developed PHALANX -- a practical framework for dynamically checking expressive heap properties such as ownership, sharing and reachability. PHALANX uses novel parallel algorithms to efficiently check a wide range of heap properties utilizing the available cores.
PHALANX runtime is implemented on top of IBM's Java production virtual machine. This has enabled us to apply our new techniques to real world software. We checked expressive heap properties in various scenarios and found the runtime support to be valuable for debugging and program understanding. Further, our experimental results on DaCapo and other benchmarks indicate that evaluating heap queries using parallel algorithms can lead to significant performance improvements, often resulting in linear speedups as the number of cores increases.
To encourage adoption by programmers, we extended an existing JML compiler to translate expressive JML assertions about the heap into their efficient implementation provided by PHALANX. To debug her program, a programmer can annotate it with expressive heap assertions in JML, that are efficiently checked by PHALANX.
Improved replication-based incremental garbage collection for embedded systems
Authors: Ugawa Tomoharu , Iwasaki Hideya , Yuasa Taiichi 
Published: April 2020

We have developed an incremental compacting garbage collector for embedded Java systems. The collector divides the heap into equal sized pages and uses the segregated free lists for fast allocation. Collectors that have such a heap layout have a problem of fragmentation in allocating objects larger than the page size. We solve this problem by using the replication-based incremental compaction. The compactor evacuates all objects in one area, the evacuation area, of the heap, thereby creating a large chunk of free space. We developed an algorithm for choosing the evacuation area that effectively cures fragmentation. The compactor does not use any read-barriers. Instead, it uses a technique similar to the replication-based incremental copying collection. This needs forwarding pointers for all evacuated objects. Rather than introducing an extra field for each object, we use a hash table to store forwarding pointers.
Evaluation of this garbage collector implemented in Sun's J2ME Java Virtual Machine showed that all the benchmarks used were able to run without memory starvation using the heap sizes of only 151%-286% of the maximum amount of live data plus 8 KB of the hash table. Experiments on a desktop computer, though it is not a platform for embedded systems, showed that the maximum pause time was shorter than 200 μs, which was comparable to that of our implementation of the snapshot-at-the-beginning collector without compaction. On an ARM processor, the runtime overhead was 1%-16% with 8.0% on average compared to the mark-sweep collector.
GPUDet
Authors: Jooybar Hadi , Fung Wilson W.L. , O'Connor Mike , Devietti Joseph , Aamodt Tor M. 
Published: April 2020

Nondeterminism is a key challenge in developing multithreaded applications. Even with the same input, each execution of a multithreaded program may produce a different output. This behavior complicates debugging and limits one's ability to test for correctness. This non-reproducibility situation is aggravated on massively parallel architectures like graphics processing units (GPUs) with thousands of concurrent threads. We believe providing a deterministic environment to ease debugging and testing of GPU applications is essential to enable a broader class of software to use GPUs.
Many hardware and software techniques have been proposed for providing determinism on general-purpose multi-core processors. However, these techniques are designed for small numbers of threads. Scaling them to thousands of threads on a GPU is a major challenge. This paper proposes a scalable hardware mechanism, GPUDet, to provide determinism in GPU architectures. In this paper we characterize the existing deterministic and nondeterministic aspects of current GPU execution models, and we use these observations to inform GPUDet's design. For example, GPUDet leverages the inherent determinism of the SIMD hardware in GPUs to provide determinism within a wavefront at no cost. GPUDet also exploits the Z-Buffer Unit, an existing GPU hardware unit for graphics rendering, to allow parallel out-of-order memory writes to produce a deterministic output. Other optimizations in GPUDet include deterministic parallel execution of atomic operations and a workgroup-aware algorithm that eliminates unnecessary global synchronizations.
Our simulation results indicate that GPUDet incurs only 2X slowdown on average over a baseline nondeterministic architecture, with runtime overheads as low as 4% for compute-bound applications, despite running GPU kernels with thousands of threads. We also characterize the sources of overhead for deterministic execution on GPUs to provide insights for further optimizations.