bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design And Implementation of Two-Phase Interleaved Voltage Source Inverter For PV Applications
Authors: SRIDHARAN HARIKA , Ramalingam Seyezhai 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT:The design of a voltage source inverter is challenging for PV-grid connected systems due to power quality issues. To improve the power quality,a two-phase interleaved voltage source inverter (IVSI) is proposed in this paper. IVSI phase shifts two voltage source inerters connected in parallel. The inverter topology is interfaced with a 40W PV panel employing a multiple maxima search (MMS) MPPT algorithm. This algorithm results in higher tracking efficiency compared to existing methods. Modelling of the PV with MPPT and the circuit configuration of the interleaved inverter is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The switches in the IVSI is controlled by employing a unipolar PWM technique. The performance of the IVSI is investigated in terms of weighted total harmonic distortion (WTHD), distortion factor (DF), harmonic spread factor (HSF), and inductor current ripple and compared with classical VSI. From the analysis, it is inferred that the proposed inverter results in reduced total harmonic distortion(THD) and decreased inductor current ripple thereby producing a high-quality output. The hardware model of the two-phase IVSI is developed and interfaced with PV where gating pulses are generated in FPGA. The simulation results are validated experimentally.
ABSTRAK: Rekaan pembalik sumber voltan adalah mencabar pada sistem gabungan grid-PV disebabkan isu kualiti tenaga. Bagi memperbaharui kualiti tenaga, pembalik sumber voltan antara lembar dua-fasa (IVSI) telah dicadangkan dalam kajian ini. Anjakan fasa IVSI pembalik sumber voltan dua-fasa telah dihubungkan secara selari. Topologi pembalik telah diantaramukakan dengan 40W panel PV dengan mengunakan carian maksima berganda (MMS) algoritma MPPT. Hasil algoritma menunjukkan lebih tinggi keberkesanan dibandingkan dengan kaedah sedia ada. PV model dengan MPPT dan konfigurasi litar pembalik antaramuka telah disimulasi menggunakan MATLAB/SIMULINK. Suis dalam IVSI dikawal dengan menggunakan teknik PWM unipolar. Dapatan kajian ke atas IVSI adalah berdasarkan berat pengherotan total harmoni (WTHD), faktor pengherotan (DF), faktor sebaran harmoni (HSF), getaran arus pembalik dan dibandingkan dengan kaedah klasik VSI. Analisis menunjukkan kesimpulan dapatan kajian ke atas pembalik yang dicadangkan telah berkurang jumlah pengherotan harmoni (THD) dan getaran arus pembalik telah berkurang, oleh itu menghasilkan hasil akhir yang berkualiti tinggi. Model perkakasan IVSI dua-fasa telah dibangunkan dan diantaramukakan dengan PV di mana signal pengegetan dihasilkan dalam FPGA. Dapatan hasil simulasi telah disahkan secara eksperimen.
Review of Surface Runoff in Flood Risk Areas of Makassar Citythrough Modified Rational Methods
Authors: Subhan Andi Muhammad , Faisal Zulvyah , Musa Ratna 
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this research was to determine the surface runoff and the puddle Â in the of flood risk area in Manggala village. Modified Rational Method had been applied to determine runoff discharge. While, flood risk areas were based on the map from National Disaster Management (BPBD Kota Makassar, 2014). Rainfall data of Manggala village wascollected from 2009 to 2018 from three stations, they areBiringRomang, Panakukkang, and TamangapaKassi. Therefore,Â a Thiessen method had been applied to determine the rainfall area.Research results shown that runoff discharge for return period 5 years was185.38 m3/s, with height around 0,50 to 2,00 m.
Alterations in drug metabolizing activities in acute hepatosteatosis induced by intake of a high-carbohydrate/fat-free diet after food deprivation
Authors: Kim Young Chul , Ahn Chul Won , Lee Jung Ah , Park Jae Hak , Kim Young C. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT Background: Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes constitutes a major component in the pathogenesis of chronic liver injury. However, the impact of lipid deposition in liver on drug metabolizing capacity remains unclear. Purpose of the study: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes in acute hepatosteatosis.Methods: Rats were fasted for 48 h, and then provided with a high-carbohydrate/fat-free diet (FH) or a normal diet (FN) for 48 h.Results: Hepatic lipid accumulation was significant in the FH group. In the FN group there was a small increase in microsomal p-nitrophenol hydroxylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase, and erythromycin N-demethylase activities, but aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was decreased markedly. However, the microsomal enzyme activities were all inhibited by FH intake. Immunoblotting analysis showed that CYP2E1, CYP1A, CYP3A, and CYP2B1/2 proteins were decreased in the FH group. Expression of corresponding CYP mRNAs was also down-regulated. A dose of CCl4, a CYP2E1 substrate,was administered to the rats fed the different diets. The liver injury was significantly lower in the FH group as determined by elevation of serum enzyme activities and histopathological examination.Conclusions: The results show that acute hepatosteatosis may result in a significant alteration in hepatic CYP-mediated metabolizing capacity, which can precipitate erratic responses of liver to various endogenous and exogenous substances.Key words: hepatosteatosis, cytochrome P450, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug metabolizing capacity
A comparative study: long and short term effect of a nutrition sensitive approach to delay the progression of HIV to AIDS among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Nigeria
Authors: Amlogu Abraham Mainaji , Tewfik Sundus , Wambebe Charles , Tewfik Ihab 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackground: Malnutrition has a negative impact on optimal immune function, thus increasing susceptibility to morbidity and mortality among HIV positive patients. Evidence indicates that the prevalence of macro and micronutrient deficiencies (particularly magnesium, selenium, zinc, and vitamin C) has a negative impact on optimal immune function, through the progressive depletion of CD4 T-lymphocyte cells, which thereby increases susceptibility to morbidity and mortality among PLWH. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a nutrition sensitive intervention to delay the progression of human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) to AIDS among people living with HIV in Abuja, Nigeria.Methods: A randomised control trial was carried out on 400 PLWH (adult, male and female of different religious background) in Abuja, Nigeria between January and December, 2012. Out of these 400 participants, 100 were randomly selected for the six months pilot study (January to June, 2012). The participants in the pilot study overlapped to form part of the scale-up participants (n 400) monitored from June to December, 2012. The comparative effect of daily consumed 354.92 kcal/d optimised meal for six and twelve months was ascertained through the nutritional status and biochemical indices of the study participants (n 100 pilot and n 400 scale-up interventions) who were/were not taking the intervention meal. The meal consisted of: Glycine max 50g; Pennisetum americanum 20g; Moringa oleifera 15g; Daucus carota spp.sativa 15g.Results: At the end of six months of the scale-up intervention, mean CD4 cell count (cell/mm3) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 6.31% and 12.12% respectively. Mean mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.72% and 2.52% within the same period (n 400). Comparatively, participants who overlapped from pilot to scale-up intervention (Long term use, n 100) were assessed for 12 months. Mean CD4 cell count (cell/mm3) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.21% and 12.14%. Mean MUAC for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.08% and 3.95% respectively. Moreover, Student’s t-test analysis suggests a strong association between the intervention meal, MUAC and CD4 count on long term use of optimised meal in the group of participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although the achieved results take the form of specific technology, it suggests that a prolong consumption of the intervention meal will be suitable to sustain the gained improvements in the anthropometric and biochemical indices of PLWHIV in Nigeria. Keywords: HIV; AIDS; Nutrition-sensitive approach; CD4 cell count; Macro and Micronutrients; ART; Tailored Functional Recipe - TFR.
Allometric scaling: Theory and Applications
Authors: Rucker Robert B. 
Published: December 2019

Background: The history and bases for selectedallometric energy relationships are reviewed in this article, specifically those related to quarter-power scaling as described by M. Kleiber, i.e. interspecies metabolic rates scaleas a function of mass to the three-quarters power (metabolic body size). Interspecies requirements for essential factors are also noted (e.g., vitamins and minerals). A case is made thatinterspecies vitamin and mineral requirements are similar when expressed per unit of metabolizable energy consumed or metabolic body size. Furthermore, it is emphasized that: 1) these relationships may be applied broadly and allow for the scaling of energy-related and nutrient needs in animals as small as screws to as large as elephants, and 2) application of appropriate allometric scaling methods to nutritional questions allows one to make stronger inferences when extrapolating results derived from experimental animal models to humans.Key words: Nutrient requirements, basal metabolism, metabolic body size, allometric scaling
Polyphenols of leaves of Apium graveolens inhibit in vitro protein glycation and protect RINm5F cells against methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity
Authors: Perez Gutierrez Rosa Martha , Muñiz-Ramirez Alethia , Campoy Abraham Heriberto Garcia , Flores Jose Maria Mota , Flores Sergio Odin 
Published: December 2019

Background: The health benefits of edible plants have been widely investigated and disseminated. However, only polyphenols have been found to have sufficient therapeutic potential to be considered in clinical trials. Fewer manuscripts have other applications such as prospective health benefits and disease treatment. Other components of edible plants are responsible for a range of other benefits including antimalarial, burns, flu, cancer, inflammation, diabetes, glycation, antimicrobial, prevention of neurodegeneration, analgesic, antimigraine activity, sedative activities, etc. Accordingly, the public needs to be informed of the potential edible plants have to act on different targets and maintain better control over diabetes compared to commercial drugs which can be toxic, have side effects, do not have the capacity to maintain blood glucose at normal levels, and do not protect the patient from the complications of diabetes over time. Consequently, edible plants, such as Apium graveolen, which have therapeutic targets on AGEs formation, are potentially a better alternative treatment for diabetes.Methods: The leaves of celery were extracted with methanol (CM). Polyphenols contents in CM were investigated by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass. The ability of the compounds to inhibit formation of AGEs was evaluated in vitro models using formation of AGE fluorescence intensity, level of fructosamine, Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), methylglyoxal (MG)-derived protein, and formation of amyloid cross β structure. Protein-oxidation was determined by thiol group and protein carbonyl content. Inhibition of MG-derived AGEs and MG-trapping ability were also measured. Additionally, insulin production was determined in methylglyoxal-treated pancreatic RINm5F cells assay. Results: Apigenin, kaempferol, apiin, rutin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaroylquinic acid, and p-coumaric acid were the major polyphenols contained in CM. In all the model tests CM displayed potent AGE inhibitory activity, suggesting that CM delayed the three stages of glycation. Accordingly, the mechanisms of action of celery involving dicarbonyl trapping and breaking the crosslink structure in the AGEs formed may contribute to the protection of pancreatic RINm5F cells against MG conditions.Conclusion: These findings indicate that CM have an excellent anti-glycation effect which may be beneficial for future development of antiglycating agents for the treatment of diabetes.Keywords: Apium graveolens, anti-glycation, polyphenols methylglyoxal, insulin, pancreatic cells
Anti-obesity and haematological effects of Malaysia Hibiscus sabdariffa L. aqueous extract on obese Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Omar Maizatul Hasyima , Shamsahal Norsyafawati , Muhammad Hussin , Wan Ahmad Wan Amir Nizam , Wasiman Mohd Isa 
Published: December 2019

Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs; Malvaceae) is commonly known as roselle or red sorrel in English or karkadè in Arabic. It is a tropical plant native to India and Malaysia. Roselle extracts have been widely reported to have beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effective dose of Hs aqueous extract, which is a possible reducing agent in diet-induced obese rats, and monitoring any toxicological effect.Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats (n= 24) aged 6-7 weeks and weighing 210 ± 3.5 g (mean ± S.E.M) were used. The rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 consecutive weeks to induce obesity. The animals were then randomly assigned to one of five groups based on the concentration of Hs aqueous extract. The normal group (NG) received a normal diet (commercial chow) throughout the study. The obese group (ObG) included obese rats administered with tap water ad libitum. Groups 1 (150 mg/kg), 2 (200 mg/kg), 3 (250 mg/kg), and 4 (300 mg/kg) were obese rats continuously fed with HFD in combination with the Hs extract for 10 weeks. The effect of Hs on some haematological and blood biochemical parameters were also evaluated.Results: Hs aqueous extract is a rich source of anthocyanins. The main compounds detected are delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside and delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside. The extract also possesses high antioxidant properties which may be caused by these anthocyanins. The anti-obesity effect of Hs aqueous extract was demonstrated by the significant reduction in the weight gain and abdominal weight (p < 0.05) between treated and non-treated groups, which was dose-dependent. Overall, our study demonstrated that oral administration of Hs at doses of 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/kg for ten weeks did not cause any toxicity effect within the obese rats.Conclusions: The results of the study implied Hs aqueous extract at 300 mg/kg is the dose which can the most weight reduction effect with no severe haematological and biochemical changes in all experimental animals.Keywords: Hibiscus sabdariffa, obese rats, roselle, aqueous extract, and body weight
Microcirculation and perfusion with contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in Crohn's disease: First results with linear contrast harmonic imaging (CHI)
Authors: Schreyer A.G. , Finkenzeller T. , Gössmann H. , Daneschnejad M. , Müller-Wille R. , Schacherer D. , Zuber-Jerger I. , Strauch U. , Feuerbach S. , Jung E.M. 
Published: December 2019

Aim: To evaluate a newly introduced high resolution linear transducer for vascularization and mural perfusion assessment using contrast harmonic imaging (CHI) with quantitative time intensity curve analysis (TIC) in patients with active Crohn's disease (CD). Material and methods: We prospectively evaluated 14 consecutive patients (7 women, 7 males, age range 19–42 years, median 28 years) with histologically proven CD having an acute episode of the disease applying contrast enhanced MRI and high resolution ultrasound. For the ultrasound we used a newly introduced high resolution linear multi-frequency transducer (6–9 MHz, Logiq 9, GE). Ultrasound was performed by an experienced radiologist applying color coded Doppler sonography (CCDS), power Doppler (PD) and contrast enhanced CHI using the ‘true agent detection mode’. Additionally, 5 healthy volunteers were examined by ultrasound applying CCDS, PD and CHI. After the injection of 2.4 ml ultrasound contrast agent (SonoVue) the dynamic CHI cine sequences were recorded as digital raw data for 60 seconds. Therefore we were able to perform a quantitative perfusion analysis using TIC retrospectively. CCDS, PD and CHI with TIC were compared and analyzed. Results: In all 14 patients MRI showed inflammatory changes in the terminal or pre-terminal ileum. Using PD and CCDS enlarged vessels surrounding the bowel wall were visualized in all patients. PD as well as CCDS diagnosed just in 9 of 14 patients augmented mural vessels. Having CHI with TIC increased mural contrast enhancement was diagnosed in all 14 patients. Patients with CD showed a maximum enhancement 36 s after injection with 9 dB (range 5.9–13.2 dB), while healthy volunteers reached the maximum level of 2.8 dB (range 2–3.8 dB) after 23 s (p<0.05). Conclusion: Using high resolution linear transducer mural perfusion changes in active Crohn's disease can be appreciated applying CHI with TIC. This technique could be an effective dynamic imaging modality for diagnosis and especially follow-up examination to monitor treatment in CD.
Nailfold capillaroscopy: Specific features in Fabry disease
Authors: Wasik Jan S. , Simon Roger W. , Meier Thomas , Steinmann Beat , Amann-Vesti Beatrice R. 
Published: December 2019

Objective: Fabry disease is a rare X-linked disorder caused by deficiency of α-galactosidase A. The metabolic defect results in the progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide within vascular cells leading to renal, cardiac and cerebrovascular manifestations. The aim of this study was to evaluate nailfold capillaroscopy as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in Fabry disease and to characterize morphological and functional changes of the capillaries in vivo. Methods: Twenty-five consecutive patients with Fabry disease (17 males) without enzyme-replacement therapy had been studied by fluorescence nailfold capillaroscopy. Macrocirculation of digital arteries was tested by digital pulse volume recording and patients had been asked about the presence of Raynaud phenomenon. Results: Significant more bushy capillaries and clusters were present in Fabry patients (72%) compared to healthy controls (10%). No avascular fields had been seen, and in only one patient atypical architecture and in another one a giant capillary was present. Enhanced natrium-fluorescein diffusion into the pericapillary area has been observed in three male patients. Six patients (one female) reported Raynaud phenomenon of all fingers. Conclusions: In Fabry disease morphological and functional microangiopathy of nailfold capillaries is present. Furthermore, these new findings might explain, at least in part, the unusual high frequency of Raynaud phenomenon in Fabry patients, which has not been described so far. Our data suggest that capillaroscopy might be used as an additional non-invasive diagnostic tool for Fabry disease.
Timing of Tracheostomy, Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation and Duration of Hospitalization among a Sample of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Ferrolino Jose Brian , Lapeña Jose Florencio , Carrillo Ryner Jose 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To determine if there is a difference in the duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization between patients who underwent early compared to late tracheostomy.
Methods:
Design: Causal-Comparative (ex post facto) Chart Review
Setting: Tertiary National University Hospital
Participants: Records of 68 pediatric patients who underwent elective tracheostomy from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2018 were considered for inclusion. Patients were excluded if invasive mechanical ventilation was not done prior to tracheostomy, if they underwent emergency tracheostomy or had incomplete records. Selected patients were categorized in the early tracheostomy group if the procedure was performed within 14 days of mechanical ventilation and late tracheostomy group if performed beyond 14 days. Early post-tracheostomy weaning from mechanical ventilation was defined as less than 7 days from time of tracheostomy.
Results: A total of 21 patients were included, 6 in the early tracheostomy group and 15 in the late tracheostomy group. Although early tracheostomy did not show significant association with shortened post-tracheostomy duration of mechanical ventilation (O.R. 6; C.I. 0.276 to 130.322; p = .476), two-sample t-tests showed the early tracheostomy group had a significantly shorter mean duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization compared to the late tracheostomy group (13.17 vs. 54.13 days, p = .0012; 21.17 vs. 66.67 days, p = .0032).
Conclusion: Although early tracheostomy does not shorten post-tracheostomy mechanical ventilation support, there is a significant difference in the duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization between early and late tracheostomy groups and this may suggest potential benefits of performing tracheostomy earlier in children.

Keywords: tracheotomy; pediatric; mechanical ventilation; hospitalization
Timing of Tracheostomy and Outcomes in Adults with Moderate and Severe Tetanus
Authors: Espinosa Wenrol , Vinco Von 
Published: December 2019

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the timing of tracheostomy and relationship to outcomes (length of hospital stay, length of mechanical ventilation, morbidity and mortality rate) in adults with moderate and severe tetanus.
Methods:
Design: Cross-Sectional Study
Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital
Patients: All adult patients (19 years old and above) diagnosed with moderate and severe stage tetanus from January 2015 to January 2018 were considered for inclusion.
Results: There were 109 patients included in this study, majority were males (n=95) with a male to female ratio of 7:1. Most belonged to the 51-60 years age group (mean: 53.7 SD: +/-16.1). Based on Cole Tetanus staging, the majority presented with severe stage tetanus (67.9%; n=74). Only 35.8% (n=39) were admitted at the Intensive Care Unit. Early tracheostomy was performed in 56.0% (n=61) of the patients (mean 6.3 hours SD: +/- 4.61). Mortality rate was noted to be 52.3% (n=57). Overall, early tracheostomy among moderate to severe stage tetanus patients showed shorter length of hospital stay and length of mechanical ventilation than late tracheostomy (tracheostomy >24 hours) (p-value < .05). However, no significant difference was noted for timing of tracheostomy in terms of morbidity and mortality rate (p-value > .05).
Conclusion: Early tracheostomy within less than 24 hours from time of admission for moderate and severe tetanus is associated with shorter length of hospital stay and mechanical ventilation than late tracheostomy, and may play a role in tetanus management.
Keywords: tracheostomy; tetanus; hospital stay; mechanical ventilation; morbidity; mortality