bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics in chronic pain research
Authors: Teckchandani Shweta , Nagana Gowda G. A. , Raftery Daniel , Curatolo Michele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMetabolomics deals with the identification and quantification of small molecules (metabolites) in biological samples. As metabolite levels can reflect normal or altered metabolic pathways, their measurement provides information to improve the understanding, diagnosis and management of diseases. Despite its immense potential, metabolomics applications to pain research have been sparse. This paper describes current metabolomics techniques, reviews published human metabolomics pain research and compares successful metabolomics research in other areas of medicine with the goal of highlighting opportunities offered by metabolomics to advance pain medicine.Databases and Data TreatmentNon‐systematic review.ResultsOur search identified 19 studies that adopted a metabolomics approach in: fibromyalgia (7), chronic widespread pain (4), other musculoskeletal pain conditions (5), neuropathic pain (1), complex regional pain syndrome (1) and pelvic pain (1). The studies used either mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance. Most are characterized by small sample sizes. Some consistency has been found for alterations in glutamate and testosterone metabolism, and metabolic imbalances caused by the gut microbiome.ConclusionsMetabolomics research in chronic pain is in its infancy. Most studies are at the pilot stage. Metabolomics research has been successful in other areas of medicine. These achievements should motivate investigators to expand metabolomics research to improve the understanding of the basic mechanisms of human pain, as well as provide tools to diagnose, predict and monitor chronic pain conditions. Metabolomics research can lead to the identification of biomarkers to support the development and testing of treatments, thereby facilitating personalized pain medicine.
Evidence‐based treatment recommendations for neck and low back pain across Europe: A systematic review of guidelines
Authors: Corp Nadia , Mansell Gemma , Stynes Siobhán , Wynne‐Jones Gwenllian , Morsø Lars , Hill Jonathan C. , van der Windt Danielle A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveThis systematic review synthesized evidence from European neck and low back pain (NLBP) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to identify recommended treatment options for use across Europe.Databases and Data TreatmentComprehensive searches of thirteen databases were conducted, from 1st January 2013 to 4th May 2020 to identify up‐to‐date evidence‐based European CPGs for primary care management of NLBP, issued by professional bodies/organizations. Data extracted included; aim and target population, methods for development and implementation and treatment recommendations. The AGREE II checklist was used to critically appraise guidelines. Criteria were devised to summarize and synthesize the direction and strength of recommendations across guidelines.ResultsSeventeen CPGs (11 low back; 5 neck; 1 both) from eight European countries were identified, of which seven were high quality. For neck pain, there were consistent weak or moderate strength recommendations for: reassurance, advice and education, manual therapy, referral for exercise therapy/programme, oral analgesics and topical medications, plus psychological therapies or multidisciplinary treatment for specific subgroups. Notable recommendation differences between back and neck pain included, i) analgesics for neck pain (not for back pain); ii) options for back pain‐specific subgroups—work‐based interventions, return to work advice/programmes and surgical interventions (but not for neck pain) and iii) a greater strength of recommendations (generally moderate or strong) for back pain than those for neck pain.ConclusionsThis review of European CPGs identified a range of mainly non‐pharmacological recommended treatment options for NLBP that have broad consensus for use across Europe.SignificanceConsensus regarding evidence‐based treatment recommendations for patients with neck and low back pain (NLBP) from recent European clinical practice guidelines identifies a wide range of predominantly non‐pharmacological treatment options. This includes options potentially applicable to all patients with NLBP and those applicable to only specific patient subgroups. Future work within our Back‐UP research team will transfer these evidence‐based treatment options to an accessible clinician decision support tool for first contact clinicians.
The impact of paradigm and stringent analysis parameters on measuring a net conditioned pain modulation effect: A test, retest, control study
Authors: Cummins Tatum M. , McMahon Stephen B. , Bannister Kirsty 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundReporting in conditioned pain modulation (CPM) studies is not standardised. Here, two CPM protocols were performed in populations of healthy human subjects in order to investigate the influence of the CPM paradigm and stringent analyses parameters on the identification of a net CPM effect.MethodsA standard thermal or mechanical CPM protocol was carried out on 25 and 17 subjects, respectively. The standard error of measurement (SEM) of the CPM effect was calculated in order to determine a change in pain thresholds greater than that due to measurement error or ‘real’ change in test scores. In addition, each individual underwent a minimum of two control CPM sessions, which were paired with the CPM test sessions. To quantify a net CPM effect, the intrasession difference between baseline and conditioning was subtracted from the difference calculated at the same time points during the control session.ResultsFor both protocols, excellent reliability for intrasession repeats of the test stimulus at baseline was demonstrated for thermal and mechanical stimulation (ICC > 0.9). Test‐retest subject responses (in terms of experimental Session 1 versus. Session 2) showed excellent reliability for mechanical (ICC > 0.8), compared to thermal stimulation, which ranged from poor to moderate (ICC < 0.4‐>0.75). However, calculating the net CPM effect using control session data demonstrated poor‐fair reliability for both protocols (ICC < 0.4–0.59).ConclusionCalculating the net CPM effect should be optimised and standardised for comparison of CPM data collected from global research groups. Recommendation is made for the performance of a multicentre, test‐retest study.
Increasing the predictive validity of identity fusion in leading to sacrifice by considering the extremity of the situation
Authors: Paredes Borja , Briñol Pablo , Petty Richard E. , Gómez Ángel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIdentity fusion is a strong feeling of connectedness that is capable of predicting willingness to self‐sacrifice. The current research explores whether considering the extremity of the situation improves the ability of identity fusion to predict willingness to engage in life self‐sacrifice. Participants first reported their level of identity fusion with a value (Study 1) or with their country (Study 2). Then, participants were randomly assigned to engage in an extreme versus non‐extreme situation of sacrifice for the value (Study 1) or for their country (Study 2). These two variables (identity fusion and situation extremity) were used to predict willingness to self‐sacrifice. Situation extremity moderated the effects of fusion on willingness to self‐sacrifice, with greater consistency between fusion and sacrifice obtained for extreme versus non‐extreme situations. In conclusion, taking into consideration the extremity of the situation can be useful to predict the association between identity fusion and willingness to self‐sacrifice.
Evaluating young fluvial terrace riser degradation using a nonlinear transport model: Application to the Kongur Normal Fault in the Pamir, northwest China
Authors: Xu Jianhong , Arrowsmith J Ramón , Chen Jie , Schoenbohm Lindsay M. , Li Tao , Yuan Zhaode , Owen Lewis A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSelecting an appropriate hillslope transport model and calibrating model parameters are essential for morphological dating of fault and fluvial scarps. In this paper, we refine the method of profile‐based morphologic dating by updating the representation of nonlinearity in sediment flux dependence on the hillslope gradient. We apply this revised method to fluvial scarps bounding fluvial terraces offset along the Kongur Normal Fault in the semi‐arid high‐altitude Pamir mountains, northwestern China. One of these terraces, the T3 surface, is dated to 7.0+1.9/−1.6 kyr using 10Be cosmogenic depth profile analysis. Well‐preserved, dated terraces make this an ideal site to test the utility of morphological modelling in constraining ages of the young terrace risers. To do this, 35 topographic swath profiles across the terrace risers are extracted from a 0.2 m‐resolution digital elevation model produced using structure from motion from photos collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle. The best estimates of morphological age are 13.9 ± 1.3 m2 for the riser T3/T4 and 11.9 ± 1.3 m2 for T2/T3 using a linear diffusion approach. These two morphological ages overlap within uncertainty and fail to distinguish between two young terrace risers. Alternatively, we employed a nonlinear diffusion model, calibrated with transport constant k = 1 m2 kyr−1, nonlinearity n = 2, and critical gradient Sc = tan(33°). This nonlinear model produces ages of 7.3 ± 0.5 kyr for T3/T4 and 4.0 ± 0.2 kyr for T2/T3; these ages are consistent with terrace surface ages deduced by using vertical offset divided by independently determining average throw rate. This comparison shows the advantage of a nonlinear model in defining ages of young scarps. Furthermore, we explored the minor effect of heterogeneous degradation along steep sections of the scarp profiles. The nonlinear scarp modelling scheme we develop in this paper is suitable for studying scarp degradation in other regions. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular mechanisms within the dentate gyrus and the perirhinal cortex interact during discrimination of similar nonspatial memories
Authors: Miranda Magdalena , Morici Juan Facundo , Gallo Francisco , Piromalli Girado Dinka , Weisstaub Noelia V. , Bekinschtein Pedro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDifferentiating between similar memories is a crucial cognitive function that enables correct episodic memory formation. The ability to separate the components of memories into distinct representations is thought to rely on a computational process known as pattern separation, by which differences are amplified to disambiguate similar events. Although pattern separation has been localized to the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and shown to occur in a spatial domain, this cognitive function takes place also during processing of other types of information. In particular, there is some debate on whether the DG participates in pattern separation of nonspatial representations. Considering the classic role of the Prh in the acquisition and storage of object memories in general and tasks with similar features in particular, this cognitive function could rely more heavily on perirhinal regions when object‐related information is processed. Here we show that two plasticity‐related proteins, BDNF, and Arc, are required in the DG for nonspatial mnemonic differentiation. Moreover, we found that the crucial role of the DG is transient since activity of AMPAR is only required in the Prh but not the DG during differentiated object memory retrieval. Additionally, this memory is not modifiable by postacquisition rhBDNF infusions in the DG that are known to improve memory when given in the Prh. This highlights a differential role of Prh and DG during differentiated object memory consolidation. Additionally, we found that these molecular mechanisms actively interact in the DG and Prh for the formation of distinguishable memories, with infusions of rhBDNF in the Prh being able to rescue mnemonic deficits caused by reduced Arc expression in the DG. These results reveal a complex interaction between plasticity mechanisms in the Prh and DG for nonspatial pattern separation and posit the Prh as the key structure where unique object representations are stored.
GABC: A comprehensive resource and Genome Atlas for Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yunpeng , Wang Peng , Li Xin , Ning Shangwei , Li Xia , Cao Yan , Chen Steven Xi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe developed the Genome Atlas of Breast Cancer (GABC), a global map of noncoding events in the human genome associated with breast cancer that provides a valuable reference resource for users to investigate the underlying genome abnormalities in breast cancer patients. Although significant progress has been made in breast cancer treatment, its morbidity and recurrence rates in women are still high worldwide. Curation and integration of breast cancer‐related dysregulations from multiple aspects is essential for disease prevention and diagnosis. In this study, we developed the GABC, which contains 10 172 aberrant noncoding events occurring at multiomics levels, including the genome (single nucleotide polymorphism and somatic mutation), transcriptome (long noncoding RNA and microRNA) and epigenome (DNA methylation, enhancer and superenhancer). Each event entry provides descriptions of detailed biological mechanisms specific to the region or element. Users can also check the genome locations and relationships of functional regulators. The GABC provides a flexible and user‐friendly interface for users to search, browse and download data. In addition, the GABC provides an interface to submit newly discovered noncoding events that can be included in the database. Therefore, the GABC aims to constantly enhance our understanding of noncoding genomic events in breast cancer.
A comparative study between preoperative rectal misoprostol and intraoperative intrauterine administration in the reduction of blood loss during and after cesarean delivery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: El‐Sherbini Moutaz M. , Maged Ahmed M. , Helal Omneya M. , Awad Mirna O. , El‐Attar Sally A. , Sadek Jehan A. , ElKomy Rasha , Dawoud Mariam A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of rectal misoprostol with intrauterine misoprostol in the reduction of blood loss during and after cesarean delivery.MethodsNinety‐eight pregnant women, all candidates for elective cesarean delivery, were equally randomized into two groups: the rectal group (received preoperative misoprostol rectally) and the intrauterine group (received intrauterine misoprostol after the delivery of the placenta). The primary outcome was the estimated blood loss (EBL) during cesarean delivery. Secondary outcomes included the occurrence of excessive blood loss (>1000 mL) within the first 24 hours postoperatively and the occurrence of any maternal or fetal side effects.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding either the EBL (693.12 ± 139.09 vs 692.39 ± 132.83; P=0.979) or the occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage (>1000 mL) (6.1% vs 4.1%; P=0.99. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were significantly higher in the intrauterine group compared to the rectal group.ConclusionInsertion of intrauterine misoprostol is as effective as rectal insertion in reducing blood loss during and after cesarean delivery; however, it has a safer neonatal outcome and is more convenient when administered during cesarean delivery.
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03723031.
Predictive study of succinic acid transport via nanofiltration membranes using a Maxwell–Stefan approach
Authors: Diaz Paola Andrea Borda , de Araujo Kronemberger Frederico , Habert Alberto Claudio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDTransport of organic acids through nanofiltration membranes varies considerably under different conditions. In the present work, a Maxwell–Stefan approach coupled to the Henderson–Hasselbach equation was applied to describe succinic acid permeation through nanofiltration membranes in binary and ternary solutions. Permeate flux and solute rejection were evaluated under several test conditions, by modifying variables such as pH, gauge pressure, succinic acid concentration and presence of other solute (glucose, as a neutral solute).RESULTSThe model performed well in describing all experimental results for succinic acid/water binary solutions, except for pH values close to the isoelectric point of the membranes, due to electroviscous effect changes. It was also noticed that other effects, such as solvation, are important and it is necessary to include them into the model for ternary solutions.CONCLUSIONSThe Maxwell–Stefan model was able to describe the succinic acid binary solution nanofiltration performance. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Melittin recovery with efficient phospholipase A2 removal of apitoxin from cross‐flow ultrafiltration process
Authors: Brandão Evelin CV , da Silva Rafael I , Brito Júlio CM , Figueiredo Kátia CS 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBee venom (apitoxin) is a complex mixture of enzymes, peptides, amines, and other chemicals that presents diverse pharmaceutical activities. Melittin, a small peptide with 2.84 kDa, represents about 50% of this venom, on a dry basis. However, allergenic compounds, such as phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase (enzymes with a molecular weight of 19 and 38 kDa, respectively), impair the direct use of apitoxin. The membrane separation process can be considered a potential approach for the fractionation of those components. Therefore, the cross‐flow ultrafiltration with a 10 kDa regenerated cellulose membrane was used to separate melittin from apitoxin, leading to lower fouling in the membrane.RESULTSThe strategy was divided into two steps: a 22 factorial design was conducted to evaluate apitoxin concentration and transmembrane pressure, followed by the study of flux decline and fouling mechanisms using the modified Hermia model. The best experimental condition led to 70% of melittin recovery and 99% of rejection of phospholipase A2. Membrane cleaning depicted a recovery of around 92% of flux and reduced 94% of transport resistance. The fouling mechanism revealed three mechanisms acting together in the process.CONCLUSIONThe results show significant values regarding the recovery of melittin and the removal of phospholipase A2, indicating that the cross‐flow ultrafiltration of apitoxin is an attractive option for the isolation of melittin, which has a high market value. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 and standard uptake value of positron emission tomography‐computed tomography as prognostic markers in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Moon Dokyoon , Kim Hongbeom , Han Youngmin , Byun Yoonhyeong , Choi Yoojin , Kang Jaeseung , Kwon Wooil , Jang Jin‐Young 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmong various prognostic factors of pancreatic cancer, preoperative clinical information is obtained by imaging modality. This study aimed to evaluate clinical usefulness of preoperative carbohydrate antigen and preoperative standard uptake value in 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography as predictive biological markers for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.MethodsA total of 189 patients with PDAC who underwent preoperative PET–computed tomography were evaluated. Patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and R2 resection was excluded. The correlation between SUVmax and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. The C‐tree statistical method was used to estimate cutoff values of logCA19‐9 and SUVmax for survival rate. A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify prognostic factors for overall survival.ResultsThe median duration of OS was 26 months, and the 5‐year survival rate was 22.4%. The optimal cutoff values for CA19‐9 level was 150 U/mL and SUVmax was 5.5. When subjects were divided into three groups according to the combination of CA19‐9 level and SUVmax from C‐tree (high‐risk group, CA19‐9 > 150 U/mL and SUVmax > 5.5; intermediate‐risk group, CA19‐9 ≤ 150 U/mL and SUVmax > 5.5 or CA19‐9 > 150 U/mL and SUVmax ≤ 5.5; and low‐risk group, CA19‐9 ≤ 150 U/mL and SUVmax ≤ 5.5), there was a significant 5YSR difference (5.6%, 24.3%, and 36.5%, P < .001). The multivariate analysis revealed high SUVmax, high preoperative CA19‐9 level, venous invasion, and adjuvant chemotherapy were prognostic factors of OS.ConclusionsCA19‐9 and SUVmax are strong prognostic biological factors in resectable PDAC. Moreover, patients with high CA19‐9 level and SUVmax are not indicated for upfront surgery.
Screening and pharmacodynamic evaluation of the antirespiratory syncytial virus activity of steroidal pyridine compounds in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Zhenya , Hou Duoduo , Fang Jieyu , Zhu Li , Sun Yingying , Tan Yayun , Gu Zichen , Shan Lihong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes serious lower respiratory tract infections and there are currently no safer or more effective drugs available. It is important to find novel medications for RSV infection. A series of steroidal pyridines were synthesized for screening and evaluation of their antiviral activity and investigation of their antiviral mechanism of action. Compound 3l had the highest antiviral activity, with a half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 3.13 μM. Compound 3l was explored for its effects in vitro on RSV 2 h before infection (pretreatment), at the time of infection (competition), and 2 h after infection (postinfection). Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐3, retinoic acid‐inducible gene (RIG)‐I, interleukin (IL)‐6, and interferon (IFN)‐β were suppressed at the cellular level. Mouse lung tissue was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry, which showed that RSV antigen and M gene expression could be reduced by compound 3l. Decreased expression of TLR‐3, RIG‐I, IL‐6, IFN‐β, and IL‐10 was also found in vivo. The results indicated that compound 3l exerted its antiviral effects mainly through inhibition of viral replication and downregulation of inflammatory factors.