bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The production of the doubly charmed baryon in deeply inelastic ep scattering at the Large Hadron Electron Collider
Authors: Sun Zhan , Wu Xing-Gang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we carry out a detailed study on the production of the doubly charmed baryon in deeply inelastic ep scattering (DIS) for Q2 ∈ [2, 100] GeV2, at the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) with Ee = 60(140) GeV and Ep = 7000 GeV. To exclude the contributions from the diffractive productions and the b hadron decays, we impose the kinematic cuts 0.3 < z < 0.9, and $$ {p}_{t,\mathrm{baryon}}^{\star 2} $$

p

t
,
baryon

⋆
2

> 1 GeV2 in the center-of-mass (CM) frame of γ∗p. Based on the designed LHeC luminosity, by detecting the decay channel $$ {\Xi}_{cc}^{+}\left({\Xi}_{cc}^{++}\right)\to {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$

Ξ
cc
+

Ξ
cc

+
+

→

Λ
c
+

with the subsequent decay $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+}\to {pK}^{-}{\pi}^{+} $$

Λ
c
+

→

pK
−

π
+

, we predict that about 1880 (2700) $$ {\Xi}_{cc}^{+} $$

Ξ
cc
+

events and 3750 (5400) $$ {\Xi}_{cc}^{++} $$

Ξ
cc

+
+

events can be accumulated per year, which signifies the prospect of observing them via the DIS at the forthcoming LHeC. In addition, we also predict the distributions of a rich variety of physical observables in the laboratory frame and the γ∗p CM frame, including Q2, $$ {p}_t^2 $$

p
t
2

, Y (rapidity), $$ {p}_t^{\star 2},{Y}^{\star } $$

p
t

⋆
2

,

Y
⋆

, W, and z distributions, respectively, which can provide helpful references for studying the doubly charmed baryon. In conclusion, we think that in addition to the LHC, the LHeC is also a helpful platform for studying the properties of the doubly charmed baryon.
Die Stadt als gesunder Lebensort?!
Authors: Köckler Heike , Sieber Raphael 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungStädte werden durch verschiedene Merkmale charakterisiert, von denen Dichte ein aus gesundheitlicher Sicht besonders bedeutendes ist. Am Beispiel der Gesundheitsdeterminanten Lärm, Grün- und Freiflächen sowie gesundheitliche Versorgung wird dargestellt, dass Stadt als sich stetig verändernder Raum zu verstehen ist, der nur unter Beachtung der Wechselwirkungen seiner baulichen und sozialräumlichen Gestalt sowie gesellschaftlichen Gestaltung verstanden werden kann. Es werden verschiedene Stadttypen aufgezeigt und Leitbilder der Raum- und Stadtentwicklung aus gesundheitlicher Perspektive beschrieben. Eine Auseinandersetzung mit Instrumenten der Stadtentwicklung und des planerischen Umweltschutzes zeigt die Möglichkeiten zur Beeinflussung von Gesundheitsdeterminanten auf kommunaler Ebene auf. Partizipation von Öffentlichkeit und Stakeholdern spielt in lokalen Lebenswelten eine besondere Rolle. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, dass die Potenziale für eine gesundheitsfördernde Stadtentwicklung gegeben, aber vielfach noch nicht ausgeschöpft sind.
Mechanical, biological and tribological behaviour of fixation plates 3D printed by electron beam and selective laser melting
Authors: Al-Tamimi Abdulsalam Abdulaziz , Hernandez Miguel A. , Omar Abdalla , Morales-Aldana David Felipe , Peach Chris , Bartolo Paulo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCommercially available fixation plates are built using metallic biocompatible materials such as titanium and its alloys and stainless steel. However, these plates show a stiffness mismatch comparing to bone, leading to stress shielding and bone loss. In this paper, we investigate the combined use of topology optimisation and additive manufacturing to print fixation plates with reduced stiffness and improved biological performance. Ti-6Al-4 V plates were topology optimised considering different loading conditions and volume reductions and printed using electron beam melting and selective laser melting. The effect of processing conditions on the mechanical properties, microhardness, wear resistance and surface roughness was analysed. Results show acceptable wear resistance values for a medical device and a reduction of stress shielding by increasing volume reduction. It is also shown that no polishing is required as 3D printed plates are able to support cell attachment and proliferation. In comparison to commercial plates, 3D printed ones show significantly better biological performance. For the same design, SLM plates present higher mechanical properties, while EBM plates present better cell attachment and proliferation.
Predictors of Acute Mortality After Open Pelvic Fracture: Experience From 37 Patients From A Level I Trauma Center
Authors: Tseng I‐Chuan , Chen I‐Jung , Chou Ying‐Chao , Hsu Yung‐Heng , Yu Yi‐Hsun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundOpen pelvic fractures are caused by high‐energy traumas and are accompanied by organ injuries. Despite improvements in pre‐hospital care, the acute mortality rate following open pelvic fractures remains high. This study aimed to report experiences in managing open pelvic fractures, identify potential independent predictors that contribute to acute mortality in such patients, and generate a scoring formula to predict mortality rate.MethodsOpen pelvic fracture patients managed during a 42‐month period were retrospectively studied. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of acute mortality. Using the Youden index, threshold values of predictors were selected. Significant predictors were weighted to create a scoring formula. The area under the curve (AUC) was tested in this specific group.ResultsThe incidence of open pelvic fractures in all pelvic fractures was 4.9% (37/772), and the overall mortality rate was 21.6% (8/37). All the successfully resuscitated patients entered the reconstruction stage survived and underwent the complete treatment course. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the revised trauma score (RTS) was the single independent predictor of acute mortality. A scoring formula was generated following the statistical analysis. The probability of mortality was 0% and 100% when the score was above and below −2, respectively. This model predicted mortality with an AUC of 0.948 (95% confidence interval 0.881–1.000, P < 0.01).ConclusionThe RTS may be a potential predictor of acute mortality in open pelvic fracture patients. Further work would be required to validate the clinical efficacy of the generated scoring formula.
Aktuelle Glaukomchirurgie
Authors: Hoffmann Esther M. , Hengerer Fritz , Klabe Karsten , Schargus Marc , Thieme Hagen , Voykov Bogomil 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei der Behandlung von Glaukompatienten sind die Hauptziele die Bewahrung der Sehfähigkeit und Aufrechterhaltung einer möglichst hohen Lebensqualität bei volkswirtschaftlich akzeptablen Kosten. Daher ist es wichtig, jeden einzelnen Patienten sorgfältig zu evaluieren, um einen individuellen Behandlungsansatz zu erarbeiten.

Material/Methoden
Basierend auf den aktuellen Erkenntnissen, werden in der Übersicht die Vor- und Nachteile der medikamentösen Glaukomtherapie sowie der gängigen glaukomchirurgischen Methoden zusammengefasst. Die verschiedenen Wirkansätze der neuen minimal-invasiven Verfahren werden erläutert, die derzeit in Deutschland am häufigsten genutzten Verfahren vorgestellt sowie Empfehlungen für Vor- und Nachsorge gegeben.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Seit einigen Jahren stehen außer verschiedenen medikamentösen Tropftherapien und den klassischen operativen Verfahren, auch neue minimal-invasive Therapiealternativen zur Verfügung. Letztere eröffnen die Möglichkeit einer früheren chirurgischen Intervention, besonders für Patienten, die bereits initial oder im Laufe der Therapie für einen medikamentösen Ansatz ungeeignet erscheinen.
Infected congenital cervical dermal sinuses leading to spinal cord abscess: two case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: Bevan Rhian , Leach Paul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Congenital dermal sinuses are a rare form of spinal dysraphism. The developmental defects are located along the midline neuroaxis, with sinuses in the cervical region being the least common. Congenital dermal sinuses can be associated with intraspinal infection as they act as a direct route from the skin and subcutaneous tissues into the spinal cord.

Methods
The authors present two cases of cervical dermal sinuses complicated by intramedullary abscess. Both children presented with neurological decline and febrile illness. MRI showed intraspinal abscess. Both underwent prompt surgical excision of the sinus tract, exploration of the cord and intravenous antibiotics.

Results
Both patients demonstrated excellent neurological recovery.

Conclusions
Complete surgical excision of the sinus and tract in addition to long-term antimicrobials can yield excellent neurological outcomes. At surgery, do not expect to find pus when exploring the intramedullary component. Long-term follow-up is advocated due to potential late recurrence.
Beer stein blast to the head a rare case of combined blunt and sharp force trauma
Authors: Kunz S. N. , Gorges N. , Fischer F. , Adamec J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCases of combined blunt and sharp force trauma to the head caused by one striking tool are rare. When beer steins are used as an assault weapon, they can cause blunt traumas upon initial contact phase. If the impact force exceeds the mechanical stability of the beer stein, it breaks into several sharp-edged pieces, which then can cause sharp force trauma injuries due to the interaction between the head and the stein fragments.We present a case of a 43-year old man, who suffered from blunt and sharp force head traumas due to one single blow with a 1-l beer stein. A forensic-biomechanical analysis of the event, together with witness testimony evaluation and experimental comparison helped to reconstruct the most probable chain of events. Based on these findings as well as on the medical diagnoses and treatment, the assault was assessed as a nonacute life-threatening, but potentially fatal offence. The case was indicted as grievous bodily harm.
Correlative light and electron microscopy of wall formation in Eimeria nieschulzi
Authors: Wiedmer Stefanie , Kurth Thomas , Buder Ulrike , Bleischwitz Sinja , Entzeroth Rolf , Kurth Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoccidian parasites possess complex life cycles involving asexual proliferation followed by sexual development leading to the production of oocysts. Coccidian oocysts are persistent stages which are secreted by the feces and transmitted from host to host guaranteeing life cycle progression and disease transmission. The robust bilayered oocyst wall is formed from the contents of two organelles, the wall-forming bodies type I and II (WFBI, WFBII), located exclusively in the macrogametocyte.Eimeria nieschulzihas been used as a model parasite to study and follow gametocyte and oocyst development. In this study, the gametocyte and oocyst wall formation ofE. nieschulziwas analyzed by electron microscopy and immuno-histology. A monoclonal antibody raised against the macrogametocytes ofE. nieschulziidentified a tyrosine-rich glycoprotein (EnGAM82) located in WFBII. Correlative light and electron microscopy was used to examine the vesicle-specific localization and spatial distribution of GAM82-proteins during macrogametocyte maturation by this monoclonal antibody. In early and mid-stages, the GAM82-protein is ubiquitously distributed in WFBII. Few hours later, the protein is arranged in subvesicular structures. It was possible to show that the substructure of WFBII and the spatial distribution of GAM82-proteins probably represent pre-synthesized cross-linked materials prior to the inner oocyst wall formation. Dityrosine-cross-linked gametocyte proteins can also be confirmed and visualized by fluorescence microscopy (UV light, autofluorescence of WFBII).
Development and reliability of the AOSpine CROST (Clinician Reported Outcome Spine Trauma): a tool to evaluate and predict outcomes from clinician’s perspective
Authors: Sadiqi Said , Muijs Sander P. J. , Renkens Jeroen J. M. , Post Marcel W. , Benneker Lorin M. , Chapman Jens R. , Kandziora Frank , Schnake Klaus J. , Vialle Emiliano N. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Oner F. Cumhur 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To report on the development of AOSpine CROST (Clinician Reported Outcome Spine Trauma) and results of an initial reliability study.

Methods
The AOSpine CROST was developed using an iterative approach of multiple cycles of development, review, and revision including an expert clinician panel. Subsequently, a reliability study was performed among an expert panel who were provided with 20 spine trauma cases, administered twice with 4-week interval. The results of the developmental process were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the reliability per parameter using Kappa statistics, inter-rater rater agreement using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and internal consistency using Cronbach’s α.

Results
The AOSpine CROST was developed and consisted of 10 parameters, 2 of which are only applicable for surgically treated patents (‘Wound healing’ and ‘Implants’). A dichotomous scoring system (‘yes’ or ‘no’ response) was incorporated to express expected problems for the short term and long term. In the reliability study, 16 (84.2%) participated in the first round and 14 (73.7%) in the second. Intra-rater reliability was fair to good for both time points (κ = 0.40–0.80 and κ = 0.31–0.67). Results of inter-rater reliability were lower (κ = 0.18–0.60 and κ = 0.16–0.46). Inter-rater agreement for total scores showed moderate results (ICC = 0.52–0.60), and the internal consistency was acceptable (α = 0.76–0.82).

Conclusions
The AOSpine CROST, an outcome tool for the surgeons, was developed using an iterative process. An initial reliability analysis showed fair to moderate results and acceptable internal consistency. Further clinical validation studies will be performed to further validate the tool.
Cellulose mini-membranes modified with TiO2 for separation, determination, and speciation of arsenates and selenites
Authors: Zawisza Beata , Sitko Rafal , Queralt Ignasi , Margui Eva , Gagor Anna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSorptive and selective mini-membranes based on TiO2 directly synthesized onto cellulose filters (TiO2@cellulose) have been developed. The in situ synthesis of TiO2@cellulose applied is simple and economically advantageous. The obtained membranes can be useful for (1) separating arsenic(V) and selenium(IV) from other ions and organic matter, (2) speciation of arsenic and selenium, and (3) determining ulratraces of these ions in water samples. The membranes exhibit good stability and high maximum adsorption capacities for Se(IV) (71 mg g−1) and As(V) (41 mg g−1). A monolayer chemical adsorption of analytes on the membranes was confirmed. The structure of membranes was examined with scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometry, and micro energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-EDXRF). The membranes were characterized by homogenous distribution of TiO2 onto cellulose. The TiO2@cellulose was used as a new sorbent in micro-solid phase extraction for determination of Se(IV) and As(V) by EDXRF. Using direct analysis of mini-membranes after sorption of analytes avoids the elution step. Thus, the proposed procedure is an attractive and solvent-free option for quantitative monitoring of Se(IV) and As(V) in different materials. Both analytes were quantitatively and simultaneously separated/determined from samples at pH 2 with very good recovery (close to 100%), precision (4.5%), and detection limits (0.4 ng mL−1 Se and 0.25 ng mL−1 As). TiO2@cellulose membranes were applied to water analysis.
Minimally invasive right colectomy with transrectal natural orifice extraction: could this be the next step forward?
Authors: Cheng C.-C. , Hsu Y.-R. , Chern Y.-J. , Tsai W.-S. , Hung H.-Y. , Liao C.-K. , Chiang J.-M. , Hsieh P.-S. , You J.-F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The transvaginal natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) approach for right-side colon surgery has been proven to exhibit favorable short-term outcomes. However, thus far, no study has reported the advantages of transrectal NOSE for right-side colon surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the technical feasibility, safety, and short-term outcomes of minimally invasive right hemicolectomy using the transrectal NOSE method and those of conventional mini-laparotomy specimen extraction.

Methods
A study was conducted on consecutive patients who had minimally invasive right hemicolectomy either for malignancy or benign disease at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, between January 2017 and December 2018. The patients were divided into two groups: conventional surgery with specimen extraction using mini-laparotomy and NOSE surgery. Surgical outcomes, including complications, postoperative short-term recovery, and pain intensity, were analyzed.

Results
We enrolled 297 patients (151 males, mean age 64.9 ± 12.8 years) who had minimally invasive right hemicolectomy. Of these 297 patients, 272 patients had conventional surgery with specimen extraction through mini-laparotomy and 25 patients had NOSE surgery (23 transrectal, 2 transvaginal). The diagnosis of colon disease did not differ significantly between the conventional and NOSE groups. Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were comparable. The postoperative hospital stay was significantly (p = 0.004) shorter in the NOSE group (median 5 days, range 3–17 days) than in the conventional group (median 7 days, range 3–45 days). Postoperative pain was significantly (p = 0.026 on postoperative day 1 and p = 0.002 on postoperative day 2) greater in the conventional group than in the NOSE group.

Conclusions
NOSE was associated with acceptable short-term surgical outcomes that were comparable to those of conventional surgery. NOSE results in less postoperative wound pain and a shorter hospital stay than conventional surgery. Larger studies are needed
EZB-Verfassungsgerichtsurteil: filigrane Rechtsauslegung versus pragmatische Geldpolitik?
Authors: Marquardt Ralf-M. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zur EZB-Politik vom 5. Mai 2020 wird der strategischen Problematik der Geldpolitik nicht gerecht. Insbesondere die künstliche Unterscheidung zwischen erlaubter „Geldpolitik“ und nicht erlaubter „Wirtschaftspolitik“ ist unangemessen. Die daraus resultierende Forderung nach einer Abwägungsprüfung stellt nicht nur die institutionellen Prinzipien der Geldpolitik in Deutschland auf den Kopf, sondern erweist sich, abgesehen von der Forderung nach mehr Transparenz, auch als engstirnig und kaum anwendbar.
Renditen privater Haushalte nach Vermögensgruppen — Deutschland versus Österreich
Authors: Andreasch Michael , Radke Marc Peter , Rupprecht Manuel 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungSparer mit niedrigen Vermögen leiden unter der Geldpolitik der EZB besonders stark, wird häufig kritisiert. Deshalb untersuchen die Autoren die realen Renditen, die deutsche und österreichische Haushalte verschiedener finanzieller Vermögensgruppen in Zeiten extrem niedriger Zinssätze erzielen. In allen Gruppen gingen die Renditen zurück, allerdings weniger deutlich als angenommen. Außerdem zeigt sich, dass reiche Haushalte besonders betroffen sind, auch wenn ihre Renditen heute noch höher liegen als die ärmerer Haushalte. Während die allgemeinen Entwicklungen ähnlich sind, ist das Ertragsniveau in Österreich durchweg niedriger als in Deutschland. Ursache dafür ist vor allem die unterschiedliche Vermögensstruktur. Die Wirtschaftspolitik sollte daher eine höhere Diversifizierung der Vermögenswerte anstreben und dies insbesondere für ärmere Haushalte, indem die finanzielle Bildung effektiv verbessert wird.
Mietwohnungsknappheit in Deutschland: Ursachen, Instrumente, Implikationen
Authors: Thomsen Stephan L. , Vogt Daniel , Brausewetter Lars 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Situation des deutschen Mietwohnungsmarkts wird aktuell gesellschaftlich breit diskutiert. Ein Nachfrageüberhang, der sich vorwiegend auf urbane Räume konzentriert, hat in den letzten Jahren zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der Mieten geführt. Da die Einwohner in Deutschland überwiegend Mieter sind, ist die Betroffenheit entsprechend groß. Mit verschiedenen wohnungspolitischen Instrumenten versucht der Gesetzgeber dazu beizutragen, den Ausgleich am Wohnungsmarkt (zumindest) zu befördern. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass ein Instrumenten-Mix nützlich ist, um die Verfügbarkeit von Wohnraum (notwendig) zu lösen und die Verteilung nach Sozialkriterien (hinreichend) zu adressieren.
Source and quantity of carbon influence its sequestration in Rostherne Mere (UK) sediment: a novel application of stepped combustion radiocarbon analysis
Authors: Keaveney Evelyn M. , Radbourne Alan D. , McGowan Suzanne , Ryves David B. , Reimer Paula J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe explored the roles of phytoplankton production, carbon source, and human activity on carbon accumulation in a eutrophic lake (Rostherne Mere, UK) to understand how changes in nutrient loading, algal community structure and catchment management can influence carbon sequestration in lake sediments. Water samples (dissolved inorganic, organic and particulate carbon) were analysed to investigate contemporary carbon sources. Multiple variables in a 55-cm sediment core, which represents the last ~ 90 years of accumulation, were studied to determine historical production rates of algal communities and carbon sources. Fluctuations in net primary production, inferred from sedimentary diatom abundance and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigment methods, were linked to nutrient input from sewage treatment works (STW) in the catchment. Stepped combustion radiocarbon (SCR) measurements established that lake sediment contains between 11% (~ 1929 CE) and 69% (~ 1978 CE) recalcitrant carbon, with changes in carbon character coinciding with peaks in accumulation rate and linked to STW inputs. Catchment disturbance was identified by radiocarbon analysis, and included STW construction in the 1930s, determined using SCR analysis, and recent nearby highway construction, determined by measurements on dissolved organic carbon from the lake and outflow river. The quantity of autochthonous carbon buried was related to diatom biovolume accumulation rate (DBAR) and decreased when diatom accumulation rate and valve size declined, despite an overall increase in net carbon production. HPLC pigment analysis indicated that changes in total C deposition and diatom accumulation were related to proliferation of non-siliceous algae. HPLC results also indicated that dominance of recalcitrant carbon in sediment organic carbon was likely caused by increased deposition rather than preservation factors. The total algal accumulation rate controlled the sediment organic carbon accumulation rate, whereas DBAR was correlated to the proportion of each carbon source buried.