bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical indicators of sustainable development and assessment of the impact on the environment
Authors: Elizbarashvili N , Meladze G , Yeghyan M , Elizbarashvili R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The indicators of sustainable development are the indices used to evaluate and show the levels and trends of national, regional and global development. The analysis of such indicators is used to forecast the peculiarities of political, economic, social and ecological development of the geographical environment. There are many examples of designing and determining the indicators of sustainable development known today, which have been actively considered since the Rio Conference of 1992. For example, under the UNO Development Programme, the social indicator of sustainable development is the human potential development index, which incorporates such indices, as a person’s expected lifetime (by the moment of his birth), level of education of the adult population and size of the gross domestic product per capita. Presently, the geographical (environmental) indicators of sustainable development are considered to be: Level of degradation of land, water, atmospheric air, plants and animals, eco-systems and landscapes; Scales of using the natural resources; Scales of ecological policy and landscape planning and realization; Outcomes of realization of the national environmental legislation and international conventions; Indicators of the science and education involvement in the study of the environmental problems and realization of the study outcomes; Level of the population environmental consciousness and awareness.
Water factor in landscape planning of the area
Authors: Gagarinova O V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The landscape planning projects consider different aspects of the water component, depending on the aims and characteristics of the natural and socioeconomic state of the areas. The selection of criteria and theoretical justification of the factors for assessing water potential are of special attention in this work. Notably, the water factor of the territorial development and, primarily, its water ecological aspect is a limiting element in many cases. Analysis of the conditions for the runoff formation and transformation as well as the relationship of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the runoff with the landscape elements allow determination of hydrological organization of the area and landscape hydrological zoning to substantiate the objectives of the territorial development. The methodology of landscape planning allows the introduction of the theory of landscape hydrological approach into the practice of land use planning. The combination of these approaches provides a functionally sound tool for the practical implementation of the scientific findings into the recommended actions and measures for the ecologically friendly environmental management and the sustainable development of certain areas. The article discusses hydrological aspects of some landscape planning projects that were fulfilled in V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS as well as in collaboration with colleagues from Armenia and Germany.
Polygenesis of island geosystems
Authors: Ganzei K S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Research into the nature and structure of polygenetic landscapes began in the 1970s and showed that the physical geography of landscapes results from the combined effects of multiple geophysical fields. Since islands are isolated their origin, area and topography are distinct from continental areas. These distinctions have been revealed by studies of island landscapes. The peculiarities of manifestation and interaction of the geostationary, geocirculating and biocirculating geophysical fields result in the formation of the polystructural and polygenetic landscapes of island geosystem. This is shown based on research focused on landscape organization of the Kurile and the Hawaiian Islands as well as those of Peter the Great Bay (the Sea of Japan). The author demonstrates that the island geosystems represent the combination of all genetic versions of geosystems. The genesis, physical properties and spatial location of island geosystems define their regional features, whereas the fundamental processes of functioning remain uniform and do not depend on any factors but are rather due to the presence of the properties of closed geographical systems.
Socio-environmental aspects of the development of mineral raw material resources industry in the border regions of the East of the Russian Federation
Authors: Glazyrina I P , Faleychik L M , Zabelina I A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents calculations demonstrating the role of the mineral resource complex from a socio-ecological point of view. The activities of the industry should ensure the development of high-quality social infrastructure and a fairly high standard of living of the local population, including the quality of the environment. This is especially important because enterprises tend to be located in remote areas with not the most favorable climatic conditions. The paper shows the contribution of the raw mineral resource complex on the regional income tax. To compare the environmental impact of the industry with its contribution to the economic growth, an eco-intensity indicator is used. There is a significant differentiation between the Eastern border regions of Russia in terms of socio-environmental dynamics in the field of mining. The most successful is the development of the mineral sector of the Irkutsk region: there is a significant increase in the wage fund, and the improvement of environmental characteristics of emissions into the air. The calculations revealed an unfavorable situation in Primorye Territory. With the reduction of the wage fund formed in the mineral sector, there was an increase in eco-intensity by more than one and a half times.
The Jevons paradox and the problem of assessing the effectiveness of environmental institutions in Russia
Authors: Glazyrina I P , Zabelina I A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents an attempt to quantify and analyze the ecological and economic trends in the regions of Russia using the decoupling coefficient. The calculations showed high heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of the quantitative decoupling effect in Russia. The number of regions where this effect is steadily manifested concerning all (included in the analysis) types of negative impact is relatively small. In the regions actively developing cross-border ties with China, the decoupling effect is observed concerning the discharge of polluted wastewater. According to the negative impact on the atmospheric air in most cases, the effect of decoupling was also revealed. At the same time, in some regions, economic development is accompanied by an increase in air pollution, which is the most noticeable when considering the situation in the context of the main economic activities. We can also conclude that over the past decade there has been no significant environmental modernization in the basic industries of the regions actively developing cross-border ties with China. During the period of economic instability (from 2009 to 2016), the ecological and economic efficiency of economic activity decreased in all regions and the Russian Federation. The results of the study show that under these conditions, the effectiveness of existing environmental institutions is decreasing, and they do not provide sufficient “immunity” of regional ecological and economic systems concerning economic shocks.
Prospects for the rational use of water bodies of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia in the tourism sector
Authors: Grigoriev A A , Paranin R V , Paranina A N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the article is to show that it is economically viable and environmentally sound to use the water resources of the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) of Russia as a matrix for the development of tourism and recreational facilities in the region. Such specialization corresponds to the peculiarities of a very vulnerable northern nature and modern conditions when the sphere of recreational nature management and the market for services are actively developing all over the world. A large number of water bodies, unique monuments of natural and cultural heritage are located on the territory of the NWFD, which determines the possibilities of combining these resources in projects of recreational nature management. According to the authors of the article, the most promising resources are prehistoric monuments, including stone sculptures, structures and revered stones of different genesis and age. However, these objects are the least studied and protected. There are several problematic issues, which are related to the study, conservation and rational use of megalithic objects located on the region’s water and water routes. We consider the possibilities of researching such objects as the simplest astronomical tools of the Stone Age, list the main directions and research methods, and give some specific examples.
Morphodynamics of the river mouth systems of the southern Baikal depression
Authors: Ilicheva E A , Pavlov M V , Andreev F M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The researches covered the largest river mouths, representing the main morphogenetic types of river mouth systems (RMS) of tributaries of the southern depression of the Lake Baikal. On the coastal area of the southern depression there are 3 types of RMS: fewarm with channel opening or with a spit; multi-arm with phytogenous-delta coast (on the terrigenous cone); arched protruding deltas on a shallow seaside. The results of morphometric analysis in dynamics for the period from 1897 to the present time are presented. The various morphometric parameters and coefficients of development of the RMS are given. The increase in the level initially led to the flooding of the mouths and adjacent territories, and then to a new stage of development of the RMS at the «river-lake contact», both subaerial and underwater parts of them. An attempt was made to consolidate the concepts of river mouth system, river mouth area, and river mouth geosystem with the definition of the borders. The conclusions about the factors of formation of various RMS are presented: the water level regime of the receiving reservoir, hydro-climatic conditions, seismotectonic expressions, and the technogenic factor. The leading processes of relief formation at the present stage of development are revealed.
Crude oil lines accident rate analysis in Nizhnevartovsk district KhMAO-Ugra for years 2014-2018
Authors: Khodzhaeva G K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
On the territory of Nizhnevartovsk district Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra, accidents on pipelines still have a complex destructive impact on the environment, leading to pollution and aggravation of the environmental situation in the region. Possible impact on the environment during the exploitation of deposits, even if minimized (formally), yet negative changes in the environment continue to accumulate and manifest themselves. In this case, it is impossible to completely avoid accidents. Usually, as a result of pipeline breachings, the largest emissions of oil and petroleum products occur. The reasons for the high number of accidents on pipelines operating in the district and area are equipment operation, including pipelines, in excess of the standard period; insufficient investment by oil companies of funds allocated for the reconstruction and overhaul of pipelines; as well as the progressive aging of existing networks and poor production equipment with reliable automation and remote control systems. In recent years, numerous environmental protection measures cited in the oil and gas complex have not led to a significant improvement in the environmental situation in the region. This article analyzes the results of accidents on oil pipelines from fields in the Nizhnevartovsk district Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra for 2014–2018 and determines the seasonal indexes of accidents on the oil fields of a given territory.
Features of the microelement composition of the liquid phase in snow cover from the towns of Usolye-Sibirskoe and Svirsk
Authors: Kholodova M S , Poletaeva V I , Pastukhov M V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We analyze the chemical composition of the liquid phase in the snow cover from industrial and residential zones, as well as the background region, the water area of Lake Baikal, to assess the atmospheric pollution of the towns of Usolye-Sibirskoe and Svirsk. We have determined the concentrations of trace elements (Fe, Co, Mn, V, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Th, U, and Hg), and most of which have a high toxicity degree. The study has resulted in the identification of priority elements that pollute the atmosphere of the two cities, which differ significantly in the specifics of core enterprises. For the town of Usolye-Sibirskoe, such toxic elements in the liquid phase of snow are Hg, Zn and Pb; for the town of Svirsk – As and V. According to the dispersal halos of pollutants, we determined that their highest concentrations are in the industrial zones of the towns. At the same time, these elements have increased concentrations in the snow meltwater of residential areas of cities as well as in the water area of the Angara River, which is significant as the main source of drinking water supply to the region and fishery facilities. The revealed high concentrations of trace elements in the liquid phase of the snow cover show that a significant part of the pollutants is in the most dangerous dissolved mobile forms. Even in the period of a sharp decrease in the technogenic emission of potentially toxic elements, industrial sites of the investigated cities remain the main sources of air pollution.
New Economic Development of the North of Irkutsk Region: Socio-Ecological Consequences
Authors: Krasnoshtanova N E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The processes of economic development of the territories in the modern world change under many factors. Significant transformation of approaches to the development of new territories has occurred in Russian practice in recent decades. The differences between the Soviet period (planned economy) of the development of new territories and the modern period (market economy) are tremendous. The consequences of these transformations have an impact on the formation of benefit sharing frameworks in Russian resource sector. The research was performed on the example of three new economic development districts located in the North of Irkutsk region (Ust-Kutsky, Kirensky, and Katangsky). The following objectives were made: to identify the local population’s opinion about active development of a new sector of the economy such as oil and gas extraction; and to determine the influence of new economic branch on the life quality of population and socio-ecological consequences of new industry in the study area. The research has shown that the new industrial development not only fails to have the aspect of settling the territory but is partly the cause of the migration of population from small northern settlements of the North of Irkutsk region. The questionnaire survey and interviewing of the population on the impact of new oil and gas industry on life quality and the socio-economic and ecological environment made it possible to identify four main aspects of the impact: economic conditions, environment accessibility, environmental safety and confidence in the future.
Spring riverfloods in Nizhnevartovsk: Specific features
Authors: Kuznetsova E A , Sokolov S N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Compared to other emergencies, flooding is considered the most common and devastating natural disaster. Therefore, the Russian state program on the “Reproduction and use of natural resources” currently states the protection of population and economic facilities from the negative effects of water as a topical priority. Nizhnevartovsk is located on the right bank of the Ob River and was built on marshy terrain. The average long-term water consumption here is 5634 m3/sec. River floods usually last for 60-130 days, with the maximum water levels registered in 1966, 1970, 1979, 2007, and 2015. In June 2015, the city authorities introduced a municipal emergency regime in some areas of Nizhnevartovsk due to the high level of floodwaters and flooding of a significant part of gardeners’ partnerships. The water level reached the maximum value of 1061 cm on June 19, 2015. After abatement in water, the city authorities together with the chairmen of gardeners’ partnerships examined summer cottages, where citizens registered and resided permanently, and assessed the effects of the flood as well as the state of roads and bridges in the flood zone. After flooding, many summer cottages could not be restored. Based on the water level indicators in the Ob River, the study develops the trends in the actual and calculated maximum water levels with components of the Fourier series. The results of the study can be used to elaborate city development plans and reduce flood damage.
Mapping of geosystems in the south of the Yenisei Siberia for environmental assessment
Authors: Lysanova G I , Semenov Yu M , Sorokovoi A A , Balyazin I V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Landscape mapping of the southern regions of Middle Siberia within the territory of the planned complex investment project “Yenisei Siberia” on collateral economic development of 3 regions (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republics of Khakassia and Tyva) is carried out. Works were performed with using uniform geosystem classification based on systemic hierarchical approach to identification of a taxonomy of landscape units. It considers positioning of concrete territories and typological ranges of regional geosystems in the system of physical geographycal regionalization. The technique of mapping was based on the V.B. Sochava’s doctrine about geosystems and the principles of creation of hierarchical structure of geomers by integration of structural and structural-dynamic indicators. Own ideas of authors of geosystems classification received from experience of landscape mapping of other regions in the South of Siberia by drawing up the map are used. As a result of research a big variety of geosystems is revealed on the map through display of spatial differentiation of areals of distribution of geomers of a rank of group of fatsias is revealed. The complexity of landscape structure is caused by position of the territory of researches of a joint of four landscape regions.
Climate research in Arctic regions of Siberia
Authors: Maksyutova E V , Bashalkhanova L B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper shows the impact of recent changes in air temperature and wind speed on the living conditions of human population in the Arctic regions of Siberia (to the north of 66°N and within 66-162°E). The combined effect of subzero temperatures and wind speed on the thermal status of the exposed surface of the human body was evaluated as a proxy indicator for the severity of the climate. As average monthly temperatures increase, this indicator decreases in the Arctic territories of Siberia. The dynamics of daily fluctuations of threshold values of the weather severity index from October to April from 1966/67 to 2017/2018 has been analysed for the Verkhoyansk station. We found a decrease in the number of days prohibiting and an increase in the number of days restricting a person’s stay outdoors. In the more recent period from 1981/82 to 2017/18, a noticeable decrease in the number of days with prohibitive weather conditions was observed. At the same time, little variation was observed in the average number of days with restrictions in outdoor activities over longer time intervals: the difference between 1936-1964, 1966-2018, and 1981-2018 periods was less than five days.
Atmospheric protection technologies for coal thermal power plants in eastern regions of Russia
Authors: Maysyuk E P , Rjepka E A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Environmental problems of thermal power plants in the eastern regions of Russia are associated with emission of a significant amount of pollutants into the atmosphere. In recent years, documents have been adopted in Russia at the government level concerning the introduction of modern innovative technologies in all industries, including the energy sector. On July 1, 2018, a reference book of the best available technologies became operative. This reference book contains a list and analysis of the best available technologies for large coal-fired heat power plants, including atmospheric protection measures. For large thermal power plants, three pollutants are primarily considered: particulate matter, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide. For each of them, the article discusses the best available technologies for reducing emissions into the atmosphere. The atmospheric protection technologies include technologies of the preliminary preparation of fossil fuel for combustion as well as technical purification systems of each pollutant. Sulphur dioxide is the main impurity of emission from coal-fired thermal power plants, and one of the attractive ways to reduce its emissions is the thermal preparation of coal before combustion. This technology has been experimentally tested at ESI SB RAS. This article discusses preliminary estimates and calculated emissions obtained.
The study of the dependence of spring crops yield on the abiotic environmental factors using nonlinear interpolation
Authors: Morozova S V , Polyanskaya E A , Kononova N K , Denisov K E , Poletaev I S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the effect of abiotic environmental factors on crop yields. Abiotic factors cannot be changed by human activity; therefore, considering their impact on yield is very important for predicting crop yields. The article analyzes the dependence of spring wheat yield on such abiotic environmental factors as average ten-day air temperatures during the growing season, ten-day amounts of precipitation during the growing season and the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season. To identify dependencies, the authors applied a non-linear approximation method using a third-degree polynomial dependence with one variable. The study was conducted during the most important growing season of spring wheat, in May and June. The authors show the equations of the third-degree polynomial dependences and graphs, as well as their graphic interpretation. Based on the obtained graphs, the authors have analyzed favorable intervals of abiotic factors for the formation of high yields of spring wheat. The authors indicate the most optimal temperature and humidity conditions for each ten days of May and June. These dependences are suitable not only for spring wheat but also for other spring grain crops, such as oats and barley.