bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frankiaceae
Authors: Normand Philippe , Fernandez Maria P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFran.ki.a.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.Frankiatype genus of the family; suff. ‐aceaeending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.FrankiaceaetheFrankiafamily.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Frankiales / FrankiaceaeA group of slow‐growing aerobic to microaerophilic soil‐inhabiting mesophilic, mostly nitrogen‐fixing, organisms in symbiosis with pioneer plants belonging to three orders and more than 20 genera of dicots. Some lineages do not have the ability to establish symbiosis with plants and do not fix nitrogen. The position of the family has fluctuated markedly in the various taxonomical treatments that differed on the approach used, but they now consist of the genusFrankiaalone placed at the root of the aerobicActinobacteria.DNA G + C content (mol%): 67.90–72.80 (Normand and Fernandez, genusFrankia, this issue).Type genus:FrankiaBrunchorst 1886AL.
Methanococcoides
Authors: L'Haridon Stéphane , Toffin Laurent , Roussel Erwan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Me.tha.no.coc.co'i.des. Gr. adj. suff. ‐
oides
similar to; N.L. neut. n.
Methanococcoides
organism similar to
Methanococcus
.

Euryarchaeota / Methanomicrobia / Methanosarcinales / Methanosarcinaceae / Methanococcoides

The genus
Methanococcoides
comprises four species,
Methanococcoides methylutens, Methanococcoides burtonii
,
Methanococcoides alaskense
, and
Methanococcoides vulcani
. Cells are irregular cocci, 0.5–3 μm in diameter, occurring singly or in pairs, and may be motile. Clumps of cells can also observed. Cells exhibit a blue‐green autofluorescence under UV illumination. The cell wall consists of a very thin protein S‐layer, approximately 10‐nm thick. Susceptible to lysis by hypotonic or detergent shock.
Eurypsychrophilic to mesophilic
.
Strict anaerobe
.
Neutrophilic
.
Halophilic
, optimal salinity near seawater. Cells can dismutate methylamines, methanol, glycine betaine, choline, tetramethylammonium, dimethyl sulfide, methyliodide, and
N
,
N
‐dimethylethanolamine for growth, but cannot catabolize acetate, dimethylsulfide, H
2
/CO
2
, or formate.
Methanococcoides
spp. are members of the phylum
Euryarchaeota
, class
Methanomicrobia
, order
Methanosarcinales
, and family
Methanosarcinaceae
. Known habitats are deep‐sea mud volcano, marine anoxic sediment, hypolimnion Ace Lake, mangrove swamp, deep hypersaline anoxic basin, and hydrothermal vents.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 40.8–44.

Type species
:
Methanococcoides methylutens
Sowers and Ferry 1983, VL17.
A phantom based evaluation of the dose prediction and effects in treatment plans, when calculating on a direct density CT reconstruction
Authors: Flatten Veronika , Friedrich Alexandra , Engenhart‐Cabillic Rita , Zink Klemens 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn radiation therapy, a Computed Tomography (CT) image is needed for an accurate dose calculation. To allow such a calculation, the CT image values have to be converted into relative electron densities. Thus, standard procedure is to calibrate the CT numbers to relative electron density (RED) by using a phantom with known composition inserts. This calibration curve is energy and CT dependent, therefore most radiotherapy CT acquisitions are obtained with 120 kVp, as each tube voltage needs an additional calibration curve. The commercially available DirectDensityTM (DD) reconstruction algorithm presents a reconstruction implementation without any dependence on the tube voltage. In comparison, it allows a calibration curve that is directly proportional to the RED, reducing the need of more than one calibration curve. This could potentially optimize CT acquisitions and reducing the dose given to the patient. Three different phantoms were used to evaluate the DirectDensityTM algorithm in simple and anthropomorphic geometries, as well as setups with metal implants. Scans with the DD algorithm were performed for 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp. As reference a scan with the standard 120 kVp scan was used. Radiotherapy photon plans were optimized and calculated on the reference image and then transferred to the DD images, where they were recalculated. The dose distributions obtained this way were compared to the reference dose. Differences were found mainly in pure air and high density materials such as bones. The difference of the mean dose was below 0.7%, in most cases below 0.4%. No indication was found that the algorithm is corrupted by metal inserts, enabling the application for all clinical cases. This algorithm offers more variability in CT parameters for radiation therapy and thus a more personalized image acquisition with a high image quality and a lower dose exposure at a robust clinical workflow.
pH‐Responsive Catalytic Janus Motors with Autonomous Navigation and Cargo‐Release Functions
Authors: Archer Richard A. , Howse Johnathan R. , Fujii Syuji , Kawashima Hisato , Buxton Gavin A. , Ebbens Stephen J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe fabrication of multifunctional polymeric Janus colloids that display catalytically driven propulsion, change their size in response to local variations in pH, and vary cargo release rate is demonstrated. Systematic investigation of the colloidal trajectories reveals that in acidic environments the propulsion velocity reduces dramatically due to colloid swelling. This leads to a chemotaxis‐like accumulation for ensembles of these responsive particles in low‐pH regions. In synergy with this chemically defined accumulation, the colloids also show an enhancement in the release rate of an encapsulated cargo molecule. Together, these effects result in a strategy to harness catalytic propulsion for combined autonomous transport and cargo release directed by a chemical stimulus, displaying a greater than 30 times local cargo‐accumulation enhancement. Lactic acid can be used as the stimulus for this behavior, an acid produced by some tumors, suggesting possible eventual utility as a drug‐delivery method. Applications for microfluidic transport are also discussed.
Over 15% Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Conformation Tuning of Newly Designed Asymmetric Small‐Molecule Acceptors
Authors: Guo Qing , Ma Ruijie , Hu Jun , Wang Zaiyu , Sun Huiliang , Dong Xingliang , Luo Zhenghui , Liu Tao , Guo Xia , Guo Xugang , Yan He , Liu Feng , Zhang Maojie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe prosperous period of polymer solar cells (PSCs) has witnessed great progress in molecule design methods to promote power conversion efficiency (PCE). Designing asymmetric structures has been proved effective in tuning energy level and morphology, which has drawn strong attention from the PSC community. Two hepta‐ring and octa‐ring asymmetric small molecular acceptors (SMAs) (IDTP‐4F and IDTTP‐4F) with S‐shape and C‐shape confirmations are developed to study the relationship between conformation shapes and PSC efficiencies. The similarity of absorption and energy levels between two SMAs makes the conformation a single variable. Additionally, three wide‐bandgap polymer donors (PM6, S1, and PM7) are chosen to prove the universality of the relationship between conformation and photovoltaic performance. Consequently, the champion PCE afforded by PM7: IDTP‐4F is as high as 15.2% while that of PM7: IDTTP‐4F is 13.8%. Moreover, the S‐shape IDTP‐4F performs obviously better than their IDTTP‐4F counterparts in PSCs regardless of the polymer donors, which confirms that S‐shape conformation performs better than the C‐shape one. This work provides an insight into how conformations of asymmetric SMAs affect PCEs, specific functions of utilizing different polymer donors to finely tune the active‐layer morphology and another possibility to reach an excellent PCE over 15%.
Stable Dispersed Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites in Ionic Liquids Resulting in High Lubricating Performance
Authors: Mu Liwen , Cao Danyang , Zhuang Wei , Yu Qiangliang , Cai Meirong , Shi Yijun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe “block‐on‐plate” nanocomposite structure material is realized with the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) on graphene oxide (GO) with surface oxygen‐rich functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractograms, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ZIF‐67/GO demonstrate a high capability of promoting the lubricating performance of [Choline][Proline] ([CH][P]) bio‐ionic liquid. Specifically, the wear volume of the disc by [CH][P]‐0.1 ZIF‐67/GO is only 52% of the one lubricated by pure [CH][P]. Moreover, ZIF‐67/GO shows a long time, high dispersion stability in [CH][P]. In addition, the combination of GO nanosheets and ZIF‐67 can make ZIF‐67/GO have better polishing effect between the steels during the friction process, which can effectively form a robust lubrication layer and improves overall lubricating properties. As a result, the interfacial lubrication can be significantly improved by these newly developed [CH][P]‐ZIF‐67/GO lubricants. This work offers a new promising application for ZIF‐67 nanocomposites with GO in advanced lubrication systems. This work also provides a new strategy of producing lubricants containing nanoparticles with high dispersion stability, which may solve the biggest challenge in this field.
Enhancing Piezoresistive Pressure Response Device Sensitivity by Orders of Magnitude
Authors: Wang Chang‐Ming , Hsieh Chia‐Han , Liao Wei‐Ssu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA bulk material electrode interfacing approach capable of enhancing the sensitivity of piezoresistive pressure sensors with magnitude orders is presented. Metal copper microwires are emplaced between the bulk conductive substrate and an electrode connecting it to the external circuit, replacing commonly used silver paste. These microwires create gaps on the interface between the two materials and increase the initial system resistance. As the applied pressure rises, the contact area between the substrate and microwires increases while the conductive substrate deforms, resulting in overall resistance reduction. With an appropriate setting of microwires, the sensitivity of the piezoresistive pressure sensor can be enhanced up to 106‐fold. The current design is widely adaptable toward different types of materials and allows a pressure operation of up to 931.2 kPa. The results indicate that rather than developing bulk materials, straightforward improvements in the device connecting interface can significantly enhance pressure response sensitivity with magnitude orders.
Wide‐Bandgap Organic Crystals: Enhanced Optical‐to‐Terahertz Nonlinear Frequency Conversion at Near‐Infrared Pumping
Authors: Kim Deokjoong , Kim Won Tae , Han Jae‐Hyun , Lee Ji‐Ah , Lee Seung‐Heon , Kang Bong Joo , Jazbinsek Mojca , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Kim Dongwook , van Bezouw Stein , Campo Jochen , Wenseleers Wim , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEnhanced terahertz (THz) wave generation is demonstrated in nonlinear organic crystals through refractive index engineering, which improves phase matching characteristics substantially. Unlike conventional low‐bandgap nonlinear organic crystals, the newly designed benzimidazolium‐based HMI (2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxystyryl)‐1,3‐dimethyl‐1H‐benzoimidazol‐3‐ium) chromophore possesses a relatively wide bandgap. This reduces the optical group index in the near‐infrared, allowing better phase matching with the generated THz waves, and leads to high optical‐to‐THz conversion. A unique feature of the HMI‐based crystals, compared to conventional wide‐bandgap aniline‐based crystals, is their remarkably larger macroscopic optical nonlinearity, a one order of magnitude higher diagonal component in macroscopic nonlinear susceptibility than NPP ((1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)pyrrolidin‐2‐yl)methanol) crystals. The HMI‐based crystals also exhibit much higher thermal stability, with a melting temperature Tm above 250 °C, versus aniline‐based crystals (116 °C for NPP). With pumping at the technologically important wavelength of 800 nm, the proposed HMI‐based crystals boost high optical‐to‐THz conversion efficiency, comparable to benchmark low‐bandgap quinolinium crystals with state‐of‐the‐art macroscopic nonlinearity. This performance is due to the excellent phase matching enabled by decreasing optical group indices in the near‐infrared through wide‐bandgap chromophores. The proposed wide‐bandgap design is a promising way to control the refractive index of various nonlinear organic materials for enhanced frequency conversion processes.
Simultaneous Full‐Color Printing and Holography Enabled by Centimeter‐Scale Plasmonic Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Fei , Pu Mingbo , Gao Ping , Jin Jinjin , Li Xiong , Guo Yinghui , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Jun , Yu Honglin , Luo Xiangang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOptical metasurfaces enable novel ways to locally manipulate light's amplitude, phase, and polarization, underpinning a newly viable technology for applications, such as high‐density optical storage, holography, and displays. Here, a high‐security‐level platform enabled by centimeter‐scale plasmonic metasurfaces with full‐color, high‐purity, and enhanced‐information‐capacity properties is proposed. Multiple types of independent information can be embedded into a single metamark using full parameters of light, including amplitude, phase, and polarization. Under incoherent white light, the metamark appears as a polarization‐ and angle‐encoded full‐color image with flexibly controlled hue, saturation, and brightness, while switching to multiwavelength holograms under coherent laser illumination. More importantly, for actual applications, the extremely shallow functional layer makes such centimeter‐scale plasmonic metamarks suitable for cost‐effective mass production processes. Considering these superior performances of the presented multifunctional plasmonic metasurfaces, this work may find wide applications in anticounterfeiting, information security, high‐density optical storage, and so forth.
Ultralow Power Wearable Heterosynapse with Photoelectric Synergistic Modulation
Authors: Wang Tian‐Yu , Meng Jia‐Lin , He Zhen‐Yu , Chen Lin , Zhu Hao , Sun Qing‐Qing , Ding Shi‐Jin , Zhou Peng , Zhang David Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough the energy consumption of reported neuromorphic computing devices inspired by biological systems has become lower than traditional memory, it still remains greater than bio‐synapses (≈10 fJ per spike). Herein, a flexible MoS2‐based heterosynapse is designed with two modulation modes, an electronic mode and a photoexcited mode. A one‐step mechanical exfoliation method on flexible substrate and low‐temperature atomic layer deposition process compatible with flexible electronics are developed for fabricating wearable heterosynapses. With a pre‐spike of 100 ns, the synaptic device exhibits ultralow energy consumption of 18.3 aJ per spike in long‐term potentiation and 28.9 aJ per spike in long‐term depression. The ultrafast speed and ultralow power consumption provide a path for a neuromorphic computing system owning more excellent processing ability than the human brain. By adding optical modulation, a modulatory synapse is constructed to dynamically control correlations between pre‐ and post‐synapses and realize complex global neuromodulations. The novel wearable heterosynapse expands the accessible range of synaptic weights (ratio of facilitation ≈228%), providing an insight into the application of wearable 2D highly efficient neuromorphic computing architectures.
Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks with Extra Metallic Sites as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Huang Hao , Zhao Yue , Bai Yimin , Li Fumin , Zhang Ying , Chen Yu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe 2D conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are expected to be an ideal electrocatalyst due to their high utilization of metal atoms. Exploring a new conjugated ligand with extra active metallic center can further boost the structural advantages of conductive MOFs. In this work, hexaiminohexaazatrinaphthalene (HAHATN) is employed as a conjugated ligand to construct bimetallic sited conductive MOFs (M23(M13∙HAHATN)2) with an extra M–N2 moiety. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the 2D conjugated framework renders M23(M13∙HAHATN)2 a high electric conductivity with narrow bandgap (0.19 eV) for electron transfer and a favorable in‐plane porous structure (2.7 nm) for mass transfer. Moreover, the metal atom at the extra M–N2 moiety has a higher unsaturation degree than that at M–N4 linkage, resulting in a stronger ability to donate electrons for enhancing electroactivity. These characteristics endow the new conductive MOFs with an enhanced electroactivity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysis. Among the series of M23(M13∙HAHATN)2 MOF, Ni3(Ni3∙HAHATN)2 nanosheets with the optimal structure exhibit a small overpotential of 115 mV at 10 mA cm−2, low Tafel slope of (45.6 mV dec−1), and promising electrocatalytic stability for HER. This work provides an effective strategy for designing conductive MOFs with a favorable structure for electrocatalysis.
Dual‐Enhanced Doping in ReSe2 for Efficiently Photoenhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Ran , Han Jiecai , Xu Ping , Gao Tangling , Zhong Jun , Wang Xianjie , Zhang Xinghong , Li Zhijun , Xu Lingling , Song Bo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRhenium dichalcogenides (ReX2, X = S or Se) are catalysts that have great promise for the photoenhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (PE‐HER) because of their unique physiochemical properties. However, the catalytic performance is still restricted by their low concentration of electrocatalytic activity sites and poor injection of hot electrons. Herein, dual‐enhancement in ReSe2 nanosheets (NSs) with high concentration of active sites and efficient use of hot electrons is simultaneously achieved with moderate Mo doping. Contributions from exposed catalytically active sites, improved electrical conductivity, and enhanced solar spectral response are systematically investigated. Superior PE‐HER catalytical performance is obtained in Re0.94Mo0.06Se2, which has more catalytically active sites and optimized band structure than other Re1−xMoxSe2 samples. Here, it is demonstrated that only doping can reduce the overpotential (η10) from 239 to 174 mV at −10 mA cm−2 (Δ1η10 = 65 mV). Then, η10 is further improved to 137 mV under simulated AM 1.5 sun illumination (Δ2η10 = 37 mV). The total improvement (Δη10) toward PE‐HER is 102 mV (Δ1η10 + Δ2η10 = 102 mV) in optimal Re0.94Mo0.06Se2. This work presents a new perspective for researching high‐efficiency photoenhanced HER ReSe2‐based electrocatalysts and other layered transition metal dichalcogenides.
Interface Engineering of Hierarchical Branched Mo‐Doped Ni3S2/NixPy Hollow Heterostructure Nanorods for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Luo Xu , Ji Pengxia , Wang Pengyan , Cheng Ruilin , Chen Ding , Lin Can , Zhang Jianan , He Jianwei , Shi Zuhao , Li Neng , Xiao Shengqiang , Mu Shichun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRational design and construction of bifunctional electrocatalysts with excellent activity and durability is imperative for water splitting. Herein, a novel top‐down strategy to realize a hierarchical branched Mo‐doped sulfide/phosphide heterostructure (Mo‐Ni3S2/NixPy hollow nanorods), by partially phosphating Mo‐Ni3S2/NF flower clusters, is proposed. Benefitting from the optimized electronic structure configuration, hierarchical branched hollow nanorod structure, and abundant heterogeneous interfaces, the as‐obtained multisite Mo‐Ni3S2/NixPy/NF electrode has remarkable stability and bifunctional electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)/oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 m KOH solutions. It possesses an extremely low overpotential of 238 mV at the current density of 50 mA cm−2 for OER. Importantly, when assembled as anode and cathode simultaneously, it merely requires an ultralow cell voltage of 1.46 V to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2, with excellent durability for over 72 h, outperforming most of the reported Ni‐based bifunctional materials. Density functional theory results further confirm that the doped heterostructure can synergistically optimize Gibbs free energies of H and O‐containing intermediates (OH*, O*, and OOH*) during HER and OER processes, thus accelerating the catalytic kinetics of electrochemical water splitting. This work demonstrates the importance of the rational combination of metal doping and interface engineering for advanced catalytic materials.
Nexus between drinking patterns, gender and life satisfaction: Some evidence from Indigenous Australians
Authors: Selvanathan Eliyathamby A. , Selvanathan Saroja , Jayasinghe Maneka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExcessive alcohol consumption results in a broad range of health problems and other social issues, such as violence, social disorder and family breakdown. As such, alcohol consumption is considered as a critical social policy issue in Australia. In this study, we have used ordered logit models to estimate the probability of an Indigenous person consuming alcohol and to assess the impact of alcohol consumption on self‐perceived life satisfaction. A heteroscedasticity‐corrected ordered logit model is used to identify the gender difference in such effects. For this purpose, we use the latest National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (NATSISS) 2014/2015 data collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The estimation results reveal that age, gender, employment status, income and the experience of unfair treatments significantly affect Indigenous people's (level of) alcohol consumption. The results also reveal that any level of alcohol consumption is linked with reduced overall life satisfaction, which is another reason why prevention of alcohol misuse should be a priority. A significant gender differences in the medium‐risk‐level alcohol consumption were also observed. These findings could be used as an alcohol prevention message in developing and implementing alcohol prevention strategies and policies.
The use of veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for massive hemoptysis following a traumatic lung injury: a case report
Authors: Sugiyama Takuya , Ishida Tokiya , Yokoyama Hideyuki , Kumada Yoshibumi , Shinohara Kazuaki 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundPublished reports regarding the use of veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐V ECMO) for massive hemoptysis following a thoracic injury are still scarce.Case PresentationA 34‐year‐old man developed massive hemoptysis from the right lung after a 2 m fall and being compressed with an iron pipe weighing 500 kg. He was immediately intubated using a double‐lumen tube, and one‐lung ventilation was started. Endotracheal hemorrhage was controlled by sealing the right lumen. V‐V ECMO was initiated to endure the lethal hypoxemia while waiting for the right lung to heal. He came off of V‐V ECMO after 17 days and was discharged on foot on day 46.ConclusionThe strategy of using V‐V ECMO in combination with one‐lung ventilation is useful and should be strongly considered to save lethal massive hemoptysis cases following traumatic lung injury.