bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of homocysteine levels on clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis therapy
Authors: Li Lei , Ma Xiaoye , Zeng Li , Pandey Sajan , Wan Ronghao , Shen Rui , Zhang Quanbin 
Published: July 2020

Background
The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess the potential correlation between clinical outcomes and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) treatment.

Methods
AIS patients treated by rtPA were enrolled between September 2018 and March 2019 in the Stroke Center (Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery), Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine. Demographics, baseline and clinical characteristics, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score after three months from the onset were retrospectively analyzed. Then we compared data about demographics, baseline and clinical characteristics between patients with favorable (mRS score 0–2) and unfavorable (mRS score 3–6) outcomes.

Results
Among 141 patients, 36 patients had poor outcome, for an incidence of 25.53%. Univariate analysis showed that higher Hcy levels (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.02–1.12]), older age (OR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.02–1.10]), longer door to needle time (DNT) (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01–1.05]), higher D-Dimer levels (OR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.03–1.71]), and higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score before treatment (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.08–1.35]) were each associated with poor outcome. Also, without internal carotid artery plaque (OR = 0.30, 95% CI [0.10–0.92]) showed a protective effect on patients’ clinical outcome. Patients with higher levels of Hcy decline also showed an increased risk of poor outcome for AIS patients obtaining rtPA treatment (Non-adjusted: OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.02–1.12]; Adjust model I adjusts for demographics (age, male): OR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.02–1.11]; Adjust model II adjusts for hospital care factors (onset to treatment, DNT): OR = 1.08, 95% CI [1.03–1.13]; Adjust model III adjusts for health and stroke factors (INR, D-Dimer, HGB, NIHSS score before treatment, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, coronary disease, hyperlipidemia, previous stroke, atrial fibrillation, hemorrhagic transformation, internal carotid artery plaque): OR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.02–1.11]). The results are very stable in all three models constructed.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that increased Hcy level independently predicts unfavorable outcome in AIS patients accepting thrombolytic therapy. However, the contribution of Hcy to the outcome, although significant, is relatively small and perhaps not clinically significant when all the other confounders are considered.
Cellular heterogeneity map of diverse immune and stromal phenotypes within breast tumor microenvironment
Authors: Li Yuan , Chen Zuhua , Wu Long , Ye Junjie , Tao Weiping 
Published: July 2020

Background
Cellular heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment is essential to tumorigenesis and tumor development. A high-resolution global view of the tumor-infiltrating immune and stromal cells in breast tumors is needed.

Methods
xCell was used to create a cellular heterogeneity map of 64 cell types in 1,092 breast tumor and adjacent normal tissues. xCell digitally dissects tissue cellular heterogeneity based on gene expression. Integrated statistical analyses were then performed.

Results
There were noticeable differences between the cell fractions in tumor tissues and normal tissues. Tumors displayed higher proportions of immune cells, including CD4+ Tem, CD8+ naïve T cells, and CD8+ Tcm compared with normal tissues. Immune inhibitory receptors (PD1, CTLA4, LAG3 and TIM3) were co-expressed on certain subtypes of T cells in breast tumors, and PD1 and CTLA4 were both positively correlated with CD8+ Tcm and CD8+ T cells. 28 cell types were significantly associated with overall survival in univariate analysis. CD4+ Tem, CD8+ Tcm, CD8+ T-cells, CD8+ naive T-cells, and B cells were positive prognostic factors but CD4+ naive T-cells were negative prognostic factors for breast cancer patients. TDRD6 and TTK are promising T cell and B cell targets for tumor vaccines. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts were significantly less prevalent in tumor tissues; astrocytes and mesangial cells were negatively correlated with the T stage. Mesangial cells and keratinocytes were found to be favorable prognostic factors and myocytes were negative prognostic factors. Five cell types were found to be independent prognostic factors and we used these to create a reliable prognostic model for breast cancer patients. Cellular heterogeneity was discovered among different breast cancer subtypes by Her2, ER, and PR status. Tri-negative patients had the highest fraction of immune cells while luminal type patients had the lowest. The various cells may have diverse or opposing roles in the prognosis of breast cancer patients.

Conclusions
We created a uniquecellular map for the diverse heterogeneity of immune and stromal phenotypes within the breast tumor microenvironment. This map may lead to potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers with prognostic utility.
Assessment of Hydraulic Conductivity of Some Nigerian Hardwood Timbers to Four Timber Treatment Chemicals through Quantitative Anatomical Studies
Authors: Ajuziogu G. C. , Njokuocha R. C. , Eze N. M. , Ngele I. E. , Ogbuagu G. N. , Ojua E. O. 
Published: July 2020

Aim: Hydraulic conductivity following the Hagen-Poiseuille Law is a quantitative approach to determine the treatability of wood by chemicals. The hydraulic conductivities of the ten selected Nigerian hardwood timber species to four wood treatment chemicals were estimated, using Hagen-Peiseuille equation.
Materials and Methods: Ten timber species of marketable size and age were sourced from the forestry Departments of Enugu, Anambra and Abia States of Nigeria. Maceration were carried out following standard procedures. The viscosities in centipoises (cp) of the four wood treatment chemicals were measured in a viscometer test, while the hydraulic conductivities were calculated using the Hagen-Peiseuille equation.
Results: The results obtained show that the different woods responded differently to the chemicals. Treatment with Folithion 200 showed higher conductivity in Triplochiton scleroxylon (9.01 mm-3S-1× 10-5), followed by Mansonia altissima, Milicia excelsa and Terminalia superb. The order of conductivity to treatment with Actellic 25EO was Terminalia superba > Mansonia altissima > Gmelina arborea, > Khaya ivorensis. Ceiba pentandra gave the highest conductivity of 8.58 mm-3S-1× 10-5, followed by Afzelia africana and Canarium schwenfurthii to the chemical Termitox. While Triplochiton scleroxylon gave the highest conductivity of 6.52 mm-3S-1×10-5, followed by Milicia excels and Terminalia superba to the chemical Solignum.
Conclusion: Folithion 200 would be effective on Milicia excels, Mansonia altissima and Gmelina arborea, Actellic 25 EO would be effective on Khaya ivorensis, Terminalia superb and Antiaris toxicaria while Termitox would be effective on Ceiba pentandra, Afzelia Africana and Canarium schweinfurthii.
Magnetothermal Multiplexing for Selective Remote Control of Cell Signaling
Authors: Moon Junsang , Christiansen Michael G. , Rao Siyuan , Marcus Colin , Bono David C. , Rosenfeld Dekel , Gregurec Danijela , Varnavides Georgios , Chiang Po‐Han , Park Seongjun , Anikeeva Polina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles have garnered sustained research interest for their promise in biomedical applications including diagnostic imaging, triggered drug release, cancer hyperthermia, and neural stimulation. Many of these applications make use of heat dissipation by ferrite nanoparticles under alternating magnetic fields, with these fields acting as an externally administered stimulus that is either present or absent, toggling heat dissipation on and off. Here, an extension of this concept, magnetothermal multiplexing is demonstrated, in which exposure to alternating magnetic fields of differing amplitude and frequency can result in selective and independent heating of magnetic nanoparticle ensembles. The differing magnetic coercivity of these particles, empirically characterized by a custom high amplitude alternating current magnetometer, informs the systematic selection of a multiplexed material system. This work culminates in a demonstration of magnetothermal multiplexing for selective remote control of cellular signaling in vitro.
Spatiotemporal analyses suggest the role of glacial history and the ice‐free corridor in shaping American badger population genetic variation
Authors: Ford Brett M. , Cornellas Anna , Leonard Jennifer A. , Weir Richard D. , Russello Michael A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecurring glacial cycles through the Quaternary period drastically altered the size and distribution of natural populations of North American flora and fauna. The “southerly refugia model” has been the longstanding framework for testing the effects of glaciation on contemporary genetic patterns; however, insights from ancient DNA have contributed to the reconstruction of more complex histories for some species. The American badger, Taxidea taxus, provides an interesting species for exploring the genetic legacy of glacial history, having been hypothesized to have postglacially emerged from a single, southerly refugium to recolonize northern latitudes. However, previous studies have lacked genetic sampling from areas where distinct glacial refugia have been hypothesized, including the Pacific Northwest and American Far North (Yukon, Alaska). In order to further investigate the phylogeographic history of American badgers, we collected mitochondrial DNA sequence data from ancient subfossil material collected within the historical range (Alaska, Yukon) and combined them with new and previously published data from across the species' contemporary distribution (n = 1,207). We reconstructed a mostly unresolved phylogenetic tree and star‐like haplotype network indicative of emergence from a largely panmictic glacial refugium and recent population expansion, the latter further punctuated by significantly negative Tajima's D and Fu's Fs values. Although directionality of migration cannot be unequivocally inferred, the moderate to high levels of genetic variation exhibited by American badgers, alongside the low frequency of haplotypes with indels in the Midwest, suggest a potential recolonization into central North America after the hypothesized ice‐free corridor reopened ~13,000 years ago. Overall, the expanded reconstruction of phylogeographic history of American badgers offers a broader understanding of contemporary range‐wide patterns and identifies unique genetic units that can likely be used to inform conservation of at‐risk populations at the northern periphery.
Interactions of CO2 with cluster models of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Waldrop Jonathan M. , Patkowski Konrad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe interactions between carbon dioxide and cluster models of coordinatively unsaturated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were studied using a variety of ab initio methods. Three metal species and three organic linkers in four structures were considered in these models as a representation of the tunable nature of MOFs and the potential multireference character of such systems. Common single‐reference methods, such as MP2 and CCSD(T), were compared with multireference methods based on complete active space self‐consistent field theory, going as far as multireference configuration interaction with single and double excitations (MRCISD). Special consideration is taken to avoid issues of size inconsistency in the CI results, where an alternate reference is used in the interaction energy definition. The benchmark values are used to judge the adequacy of a selection of density functionals for the current systems. Symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) decomposition was performed to elucidate the important effects that comprise the binding interactions. The systems proved to have very limited multireference character, and MP2 values were closer to the CCSD(T) benchmark than the more difficult MRCISD results. Though the SAPT total energies prove to be relatively poor approximations to the benchmark interaction energies, they reveal (in most cases) the correct trends with respect to the choice of the metal. The SAPT energy decompositions indicate that the CO2 binding is primarily driven by electrostatics, but induction and dispersion also provide sizable, and quite similar, attractive contributions. Importantly, the small diformate model provides a faithful representation of complexes with large aromatic linkers, both in terms of the total interaction energy and the SAPT decomposition.
Cinematherapy with African American couples
Authors: Dunham Shea M. , Dermer Shannon B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCinematherapy is the use of movies as an intervention with clients. When done well, it is used to evoke and process emotion, psychoeducate, increase empathy, and problem‐solve. However, there is no literature on utilizing movies as an intervention with African American couples. Based on literature and research about culture‐informed interventions and media literacy, cinematherapy with African American couples would be more meaningful and effective if clinicians utilize Black‐oriented movies.
Quality of life and socioeconomic indicators associated with survival of myeloid leukemias in Canada
Authors: Cressman Sonya , Hogge Donna E. , Minden Mark D. , Couban Stephen , Karsan Aly , Broady Raewyn , McPherson Emily , Halani Khalif , Weng Jing Yi , Peacock Stuart J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how patient‐reported quality of life (QoL) and socioeconomic status (SES) relate to survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may improve prognostic information sharing. This study explores associations among QoL, SES, and survival through administration of the Euro‐QoL 5‐Dimension, 3‐level and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Leukemia and financial impact questionnaires to 138 adult participants with newly diagnosed AML or MDS in a longitudinal, pan‐Canadian study. Cox regression and lasso variable selection models were used to explore associations among QoL, SES, and established predictors of survival. Secondary outcomes were changes in QoL, performance of the QoL instruments, and lost income. We found that higher QoL and SES were positively associated with survival. The Lasso model selected the visual analog scale of the EQ‐5D‐3L as the most important predictor among all other variables (P = .03; 92% selection). Patients with AML report improved QoL after treatment, despite higher mean out‐of‐pocket expenditures compared with MDS (up to $599 CDN/month for AML vs $239 for MDS; P = .05), greater loss of productivity‐related income (reaching $1786/month for AML vs $709 for MDS; P < .05), and greater caregiver effects (65% vs 35% caregiver productivity losses for AML vs MDS; P < .05). Our results suggest that including patient‐reported QoL and socioeconomic indicators can improve the accuracy of survival models.
Transient Hypoxia Model Revealed Cerebrovascular Impairment in Anemia Using BOLD MRI and Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Coloigner Julie , Vu Chau , Borzage Matthew , Bush Adam , Choi Soyoung , Miao Xin , Chai Yaqiong , Galarza Cristina , Lepore Natasha , Tamrazi Benita , Coates Thomas D. , Wood John C. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea and nocturnal oxygen desaturations, which are prevalent in sickle cell disease (SCD) and chronic anemia disorders, have been linked to risks of stroke and silent cerebral infarcts (SCI). Cerebrovascular response to intermittent desaturations has not been well studied and may identify patients at greatest risk.PurposeTo investigate the cerebral dynamic response to induced desaturation in SCD patients with and without SCI, chronic anemia, and healthy subjects.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwenty‐six SCD patients (age = 21 ± 8.2, female 46.2%), including 15 subjects without SCI and nine subjects with SCI, 15 nonsickle anemic patients (age = 22 ± 5.8, female 66.7%), and 31 controls (age = 28 ± 12.3, female 77.4%).Field Strength/Sequence3T, gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging.AssessmentA transient hypoxia challenge of five breaths of 100% nitrogen gas was performed with blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) MRI and near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) acquisitions. Hypoxia responses were characterized by desaturation depth, time‐to‐peak, return‐to‐baseline half‐life, and posthypoxia recovery in the BOLD and NIRS time courses. SCI were documented by T2fluid‐attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR).Statistical TestsUnivariate and multivariate regressions were performed between hypoxic parameters and anemia predictors. Voxelwise two‐sample t‐statistic maps were used to assess the regional difference in hypoxic responses between anemic and control groups.ResultsCompared to controls, SCD and chronically anemic patients demonstrated significantly higher desaturation depth (P < 0.01) and shorter return‐to‐baseline timing response (P < 0.01). Patients having SCI had shorter time‐to‐peak (P < 0.01), return‐to‐baseline (P < 0.01), and larger desaturation depth (P < 0.01) in both white matter regions at risk and normal‐appearing white matter than patients without infarcts. On multivariate analysis, desaturation depth and timing varied with age, sex, blood flow, white blood cells, and cell‐free hemoglobin (r2 = 0.25 for desaturation depth; r2 = 0.18 for time‐to‐peak; r2 = 0.37 for return‐to‐baseline).Data ConclusionTransient hypoxia revealed global and regional response differences between anemic and healthy subjects. SCI was associated with extensive heterogeneity of desaturation dynamics, consistent with extensive underlying microvascular remodeling.
Modern mass spectrometry in atmospheric sciences: Measurement of volatile organic compounds in the troposphere using proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry
Authors: Sekimoto Kanako , Koss Abigail R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the troposphere are emitted from a wide variety of natural and man‐made sources and resulting in environmental issues such as air pollution and climate change. Proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS), a chemical ionization mass spectrometry technique using H3O+ reagent ions, allows real‐time measurements of various VOCs in air with high sensitivity (parts‐per‐trillion to parts‐per‐billion level) and fast time response (<1 s). Modern PTR‐MS equipped with time‐of‐flight mass analyzers can measure hundreds of compounds simultaneously. The applications of PTR‐MS have greatly promoted understanding VOC sources and their roles in environmental issues, and therefore, PTR‐MS has become a well‐established analytical technique for in situ VOC measurements in atmospheric sciences. Here, the principles and implementation of PTR‐MS are described. We additionally highlight modern PTR‐MS techniques for accurate identification and comprehensive quantification of various VOCs. Finally, recent applications for atmospheric science are presented, using examples from research in biomass burning emissions and chemistry.
Fast geometric distortion correction using a deep neural network: Implementation for the 1 Tesla MRI‐Linac system
Authors: Li Mao , Shan Shanshan , Chandra Shekhar S. , Liu Feng , Crozier Stuart 
Published: July 2020

PurposeCombining high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a linear accelerator (Linac) as a single MRI‐Linac system provides the capability to monitor intra‐fractional motion and anatomical changes during radiotherapy, which facilitates more accurate delivery of radiation dose to the tumor and less exposure to healthy tissue. The gradient nonlinearity (GNL)‐induced distortions in MRI, however, hinder the implementation of MRI‐Linac system in image‐guided radiotherapy where highly accurate geometry and anatomy of the target tumor is indispensable.MethodsTo correct the geometric distortions in MR images, in particular, for the 1 Tesla (T) MRI‐Linac system, a deep fully connected neural network was proposed to automatically learn the intricate relationship between the undistorted (theoretical) and distorted (real) space. A dataset, consisting of spatial samples acquired by phantom measurement that covers both inside and outside the working diameter of spherical volume (DSV), was utilized for training the neural network, which offers the ability to describe subtle deviations of the GNL field within the entire region of interest (ROI).ResultsThe performance of the proposed method was evaluated on MR images of a three‐dimensional (3D) phantom and the pelvic region of an adult volunteer scanned in the 1T MRI‐Linac system. The experimental results showed that the severe geometric distortions within the entire ROI had been successfully corrected with an error less than the pixel size. Also, the presented network is highly efficient, which achieved significant improvement in terms of computational efficiency compared to existing methods.ConclusionsThe feasibility of the presented deep neural network for characterizing the GNL field deviations in the 1T MRI‐Linac system was demonstrated in this study, which shows promise in facilitating the MRI‐Linac system to be routinely implemented in real‐time MRI‐guided radiotherapy.
Copolymer Structure and Performance Consequences of High‐Impact Ethylene–Propylene Copolymers Based on a Ziegler–Natta Catalyst with Novel Internal Donor
Authors: Pellecchia Roberta , Shutov Pavel , Wang Jingbo , Gahleitner Markus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCatalyst development for advanced isotactic polypropylene copolymer grades cannot be considered without parallel work on the polymerization process, especially when multi‐phase high‐impact ethylene‐propylene copolymers (also called heterophasic copolymers, HECOs) of complex composition are considered. Using a Ziegler–Natta type catalyst produced in an emulsion process and using citraconate ester as internal donor, a series of such high‐impact copolymers is first produced in a bench‐scale reactor. At this stage, the content of ethylene‐propylene copolymer (EPC) phase is varied in a wide range for understanding the catalyst performance as well as the resulting structure‐property relations, using three‐stage polymerization to emulate multiple reactors. Selected compositions are subsequently scaled up to a multi‐reactor pilot plant, demonstrating composition effects on mechanical performance. Both stages are accompanied by structural investigations using 13C‐NMR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The novel catalyst is found to be capable of synthesizing HECOs in a wide range of elastomer (EPC) content, achieving free‐flowing polymer powders up to an elastomer content as expressed by the xylene cold soluble fraction of 37 wt%.