bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Detection of Pathogens in Ticks and Fleas Collected from Companion Dogs and Cats in East and Southeast Asia
Authors: Nguyen Viet-Linh , Colella Vito , Greco Grazia , Fang Fang , Nurcahyo Wisnu , Hadi Upik Kesumawati , Venturina Virginia , Tong Kenneth Boon Yew , Tsai Yi-Lun , Taweethavonsawat Piyanan , Tiwananthagorn Saruda , Tangtrongsup Sahatchai , Le Thong Quang , Bui Khanh Linh , Do Thom , Watanabe Malaika , Rani Puteri Azaziah Megat Abd , Dantas-Torres Filipe , Halos Lenaig , Beugnet Frederic , Otranto Domenico 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Ticks and fleas are considered amongst the most important arthropod vectors of medical and veterinary concern due to their ability to transmit pathogens to a range of animal species including dogs, cats and humans. By sharing a common environment with humans, companion animal-associated parasitic arthropods may potentially transmit zoonotic vector-borne pathogens (VBPs). This study aimed to molecularly detect pathogens from ticks and fleas from companion dogs and cats in East and Southeast Asia.Methods: A total of 392 ticks and 248 fleas were collected from 401 infested animals (i.e., 271 dogs and 130 cats) to molecularly screened for the presence of pathogens. Ticks were tested for Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. while fleas were screened for the presence of Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp.Result: Of the 392 ticks tested, 37 (9.4%) scored positive for at least one pathogen with Hepatozoon canis being the most prevalent (5.4%), followed by Ehrlichia canis (1.8%), Babesia vogeli (1%), Anaplasma platys (0.8%) and Rickettsia spp. (1%) [including Rickettsia sp. (0.5%), Rickettsia asembonensis (0.3%), Rickettsia felis (0.3%)]. Out of 248 fleas tested, 106 (42.7%) were harboring at least one pathogen with R. felis being the most common (19.4%), followed by Bartonella spp. (16.5%), Rickettsia asembonensis (10.9%) and Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis (0.4%). Furthermore, 35 Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were subjected to phylogenetic analysis, of which 34 ticks belonged to the tropical and only one belonged to the temperate lineage (Rh. sanguineus sensu stricto). Conclusion: Our data reveals the circulation of different VBPs in ticks and fleas of dogs and cats from Asia, including zoonotic agents, which may represent a potential risk to animal and human health.
Performance and Community Structure Dynamics of Microbial Electrolysis Cells Operated on Multiple Complex Feedstocks
Authors: Satinover Scott J. , Rodriguez Miguel , Campa Maria F , Hazen Terry C. , Borole Abhijeet P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Microbial electrolysis is a promising technology for converting aqueous wastes into hydrogen. Substrate adaptability is an important feature, seldom documented in Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs). The correlation between substrate composition and community structure has not been well established. This study used a MEC capable of producing over 10 L/L-day of hydrogen from a switchgrass-derived bio-oil aqueous phase and investigated four additional substrates. The additional substrates included a red oak-derived bio-oil aqueous phase, a corn stover fermentation product, a mixture of phenol and acetate, and acetate alone. Results The MEC fed with the corn stover fermentation product resulted in the highest performance among the complex feedstocks, producing an average current density of 7.3 A/m2, although the acetate fed MEC outperformed complex substrates, producing 12 ± A/m2. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that community structure and community diversity were not predictive of performance, and replicate community structures diverged despite identical inoculum and enrichment procedure. The trends in each replicate, however, were indicative of the influence of the substrates. Geobacter was the most dominant genus across most of the samples tested, but its abundance did not correlate strongly to current density. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that acetate accumulated during open-circuit conditions when MECs were fed with complex feedstocks and was quickly degraded once closed-circuit conditions were applied. The largest net acetic acid removal rate occurred when MECs were fed with red oak bio-oil aqueous phase, consuming 2.93 ± 0.00 g/L-day. Principal component analysis found that MEC performance metrics such as current density, hydrogen productivity, and COD removal were closely correlated. Net acetic acid removal was also found to correlate with performance. However, no bacterial genus correlated to performance metrics, and the analysis suggested that less than 70% of the variance was accounted for by the two components. Conclusions This study demonstrates the robustness of microbial communities to adapt to a range of feedstocks and conditions without relying on specific species, delivering high hydrogen productivities, thus indicating functional adaptation vs. compositional requirement. MECs may,, play a central role in the 21st-century bioeconomy as factories producing a zero-emission fuel.
Paisagem Físico-Geográfica
Authors: Vicens Raul Sanchez , Rodriguez José Mateo , Cronemberger Felipe Mendes 
Published: June 2020

A cartografia das paisagens constitui uma etapa cognitiva da pesquisa científica dos sistemas terrestres através de uma abordagem paisagística. Estre trabalho apresenta os principais fundamentos metodológicos da representação cartográfica como síntese da identificação e classificação das paisagens físico-geográficas. São descritos os principais métodos de levantamentos, com base nos dados espaciais e ferramentas de processamento disponíveis na atualidade com o aporte das geotecnologias.
Palavras-chave: paisagem físico-geografica, geotecnologias, mapeamento
The Madrasa Resistance Against Radicalism
Authors: Salim Ahmad 
Published: June 2020

The background of this article is based on madrasa resistance to radicalism. The purpose of this study is to see how madrasa resistance to face radicalism. The type of this research is qualitative research and data collection methods with observation and in-depth interviews with selected respondents. This study uses Peter L Berger's theory of the fundamental dialectics of society-externalization, objectification, and internalization. The results showed that madrasa resistance to radicalism with social empowerment through the process of social construction (externalization, objectification, and internalization). The tolerant attitude of the community which is manifested in social humanitarian activities such as genduri, sambatan and kerja bakti is contracted by the madrasa as a subjective reality into objective reality, so that the anti-radicalism attitude in this society can become the norm for the madrasas to be deprived and implemented in the daily life of the madrasa. Abstrak Latar belakang artikel ini didasarkan pada resistensi madrasah terhadap radikalisme. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana cara madrasah menghadapi radikalisme. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dan metode pengumpulan data dengan observasi dan wawancara mendalam kepada responden terpilih. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Peter L.Berger tentang dialektika fundamental masyarakat-eksternalisasi, objektifikasi dan internalisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa madrasah menolak radikalisme dengan pemberdayaan sosial melalui proses konstruksi sosial (eksternalisasi, objektifikasi dan internalisasi). Sikap toleran dari masyarakat yang dimanifestasikan dalam kegiatan sosial kemanusiaan seperti genduri, sambatan dan kerja bakti dikontrak oleh madrasah sebagai realitas subjektif ke dalam realitas objektif, sehingga sikap anti-radikalisme dalam masyarakat ini dapat menjadi norma bagi madrasah untuk dicabut dan diimplementasikan di kehidupan sehari-hari madrasah.
Mahakali Treaty: delay in implementation and resulting impacts from Nepal's perspective
Authors: Bagale Dharma Raj , Adhikari Keshab Dhoj 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Mahakali Treaty concluded between Nepal and India, on February 12, 1996 is said to be on an ‘equal footing’ unlike other agreements/treaties on water resources before. However, the provisions of the treaty have not been implemented even after more than two decades of its enforcement. This paper, written following a study involving key informant interviews, direct field observations and study of documents, looks for the reasons behind the delay in implementation of the treaty and the resulting impacts from Nepal's perspectives. The study shows that the controversies of the treaty are around: (1) India's strategy to legitimatize its unilateral construction at Tanakpur; (2) interpretation of the Article of the treaty concerning equal entitlement to water; and (3) the extent of existing irrigation use on the Indian side having its direct implication on benefit assessment, which, in turn, has its implication on proportional cost sharing. The delay in implementation of Mahakali Treaty has created a deadlock in Nepal–India water cooperation. If an agreement could be worked out and the project could be implemented, that would set a very good precedent, useful for many other storage projects like Karnali Chisapani, Koshi High Dam, etc., in the future.
Photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine using ozonation and photocatalytic ozonation with TiO2 and WO3
Authors: Mathew Riya Ann , Kanmani S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOzonation, TiO2 photocatalytic ozonation (PCO) and WO3 PCO were used to demonstrate the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ), an antiepileptic drug commonly found in water bodies. The experiment was carried out in a lab-scale reactor (500 mL) at pH 7, CBZ concentration 1 mg/L and 0.25 g/L catalyst dose. The mixture was stirred in the dark for 30 minutes to achieve adsorption equilibrium. A UV and visible light source of 8 watt was used to photoactivate TiO2 and WO3. Ozonation alone using an ozone dose of 10 mg/hour was found to be very effective for CBZ removal. In all the processes investigated, CBZ was easily removed while the removal of by-products varied depending on the reaction pathway. The mineralization efficiencies (TOC removal) for complete by-products removal using ozonation, TiO2 PCO and WO3 PCO were 95, 73 and 62% respectively. TiO2 PCO performed better than WO3 PCO in achieving complete mineralization, but it would not be a sustainable solution considering the costs of UV lamps, harmful UV rays and toxicity of TiO2. The removal efficiency of WO3 PCO can be increased by increasing the ozone dose and duration of treatment.
Hysteresis analysis to quantify and qualify the sediment dynamics: state of the art
Authors: Malutta Simone , Kobiyama Masato , Chaffe Pedro Luiz Borges , Bonumá Nadia Bernardi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This work is a review of the use of hysteresis to quantify sediment discharge dynamics. We reviewed 71 journal articles from the year 1953 to the present day focusing on two topics: the factors that influence hysteresis; and hysteresis quantification. The main factors influencing hysteresis are: (a) magnitude and sequence of events; (b) sediment particle size distribution; (c) basin size; and (d) land use and sediment source. Hysteresis quantification can be done using several different methods that can be grouped as: (a) hysteresis indexes; (b) statistical analysis; and (c) uncertainty analysis. Most studies were conducted in Western Europe and the USA. The studies, in general, show how the factors listed above influence the shape and patterns of hysteresis. However, the sediment dynamics are complex, and the hysteresis patterns may be linked to many other factors, such as slope and drainage systems. The quantification of hysteresis still appears, mainly with the hysteresis index and statistical analysis. Therefore, there are still many other factors that influence hysteresis patterns, as well as hysteresis rates and uncertainty analyses.
Factors influencing the stormwater quality model of sewer networks and a case study of Louis Fargue urban catchment in Bordeaux, France
Authors: Sun Congcong , Parellada Benjamí , Feng Jing , Puig Vicenç , Cembrano Gabriela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPollution caused by combined sewer overflows has become a global threat to the environment. Under this challenge, quality-based real-time control (RTC) is considered as an effective approach to minimize pollution through generating optimal operation strategies for the sewer infrastructure. To suit the fast computation requirement of RTC implementation, simplified quality models are required. However, due to the hydrological complexity, it is not easy to develop simplified quality models which are amenable to be used in real-time computations. Under this context, this paper contributes a preliminary analysis of influencing factors for the quality models of sewer networks in order to give supportive knowledge for both model development and application. Conceptual quality models which were proposed previously by the authors, with total suspended solids (TSS) as quality indicator, are used in this study. A clustering algorithm is used for exploratory analysis. Further analysis about the correlations between different factors and model performance is also carried out. The study and analysis are demonstrated on a real pilot based on the Louis Fargue urban catchment in Bordeaux. Conclusive results about the influencing factors, flow rate, rain intensity and pipe length, as well as their correlations with the TSS models are elaborated.
Proactive Risk Assessment through FMEA of Home Parenteral Nutrition Care Processes: A Survey Analysis
Authors: Toccafondi Giulio , Dagliana Giulia , Fineschi Vittorio , Frati Paola , Tartaglia Riccardo 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN) is a lifesaving clinical care process. However,
undetected hazards and vulnerabilities in care transitions from hospital to community care may
pose risk to patient’s safety. Avoidable complications and adverse events may hinder the benefits of
treatment.

Objective:
The analysis carried out aims at framing through Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E)
the critical issues for patient safety related to clinical care practices for HPN in healthcare organization.

Methods:
We present the results of a proactive risk assessment analysis based on the FMEA methodology
(Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) carried out in three different areas of the regional health
care system of Tuscany, Italy. The clinical risk management and patient safety unit assessed the risk
perception of Healthcare Workers (HWs) in regard to patient safety and situational awareness throughout
the HPN patient journey.

Results:
The analysis revealed heterogeneity in the Risk Priority Index (RPI) expressed by HWs. A
lower RPI is associated with a HPN process that deploys in continuity between hospital care and community
care. A higher RPI is associated with a quality and safety improvement process that is still ongoing.
We also observed HWs expressing low RPI in the areas of the region where HPN has a hospital-
focused approach and has limited adherence to patient safety requirements. Low RPI for HPN process
may relate both to extensively deployed continuity of care and to jeopardized awareness on HPN
phases and coordination. The analysis carried out enabled the definition of a common HPN workflow
used as reference schema allowing for the definition of a set of recommendations for improving the
quality and safety of the care processes. Moreover, the outcome of the proactive risk assessment laid
the groundwork for the advancement of the patient safety regional requirements.

Conclusion:
The analysis had the role of promoting the contextualization of the culture of quality and
safety within the HPN process resulting in an improved awareness of the criticalities and the role of
nutrition units throughout the care process.
Lignans and Polyphenols of Phyllanthus amarus Schumach and Thonn Induce Apoptosis in HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells through Caspases-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Mohamed Shimaa I.A. , Jantan Ibrahim , Nafiah Mohd A. , Seyed Mohamed A. , Chan Kok M. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The anticancer effects of Phyllanthus amarus extract on various cancer cells
have been investigated, however, the effects of its major constituents on HCT116 human colorectal
cancer cells have not been reported.

Objective:
In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of 80% ethanol extract of P. amarus
and its marker constituents (phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, gallic acid, niranthin, greraniin, phyltetralin,
isolintetralin, corilagin and ellagic acid) on HCT116 and their underlying mechanisms of action.

Methods:
Their antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on HCT 116 were performed using MTT assay
and flow cytometric analysis, respectively, while caspases 3/7, 8 and 9 activities were examined using
the colorimetric method. The expression of cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase enzyme (PARP) and
cytochrome c proteins was investigated by the immune-blot technique.

Results and Discussion:
HPLC and LC-MS/MS analyses demonstrated that the extract contained
mainly lignans and polyphenols. The plant samples markedly suppressed the growth and expansion of
HCT116 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with no toxicity against normal human
fibroblast CCD18 Co. P. amarus extract, phyllanthin and gallic acid induced mode of cell death primarily
through apoptosis as confirmed by the exteriorization of phosphatidylserine. Caspases 3/7, 8,
and 9 activities increased in a concentration-dependent manner following 24h treatment. The expressions
of cleaved PARP (Asp 214) and cytochrome c were markedly upregulated.

Conclusion:
P. amarus extract, phyllanthin and gallic acid exhibited an apoptotic effect on HCT116
cells through the caspases-dependent pathway.
An Overview of Green Chromatographic Analysis from Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Doğan Ayşegül , Eylem Cemil Can , Akduman Nursabah E. Başcı 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Green Chemistry has emerged as a new field of study in chemistry in the
past 15 years and is intended to be sustainable at the molecular level. Green Chemistry has focused
on harmless chemical technologies to meet both environment and targets. The purpose of Green
Chromatography is to protect the environment and the analyst like Green Chemistry.

Objective:
The main target is to reduce the consumption of hazardous solvent and to replacement of
toxic and environmentally hazardous solvents with more benign alternatives.

Methods:
In addition, reducing the flow rate (decrease column interdiameter, etc.) in order to miniaturizing
the waste generation is also within the field of green chromatography. On the other hand, the
most effective technique for the “Green” approach can be miniaturized completely. Flow rate
decreases from mL to microliter per minute. Thus, waste production and solvent consumption are
significantly reduced. Recently, studies without organic solvents such as SFC, SBWC are frequently
encountered.

Results:
Chromatographic analysis has the potential to become greener at all stages, from sample
collection and preparation to separation and final determination. Liquid chromatography is often used
in pharmaceutical analysis. Tons of wastes are produced every year for pharmaceutical analysis. For
this reason, the greening approach in liquid chromatography becomes very important for human and
environmental health in pharmaceutical analysis.

Conclusion:
This review discusses the approaches used to achieve the goals of green chromatography,
aimed at protecting the environment and the analyst in pharmaceutical analysis. While one
cannot completely convert the analysis to the green, the steps taken to green are very valuable,
particularly in wide range used HPLC both in drug quality control laboratories in industry and in
research studies.
The Radio-Sensitizing Effect of Pharmacological Concentration of Ascorbic Acid on Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Dayer Dian , Tabandeh Mohammad R. , Kazemi Majid 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Previous studies reported the inevitable destructive effects of radiotherapy on normal
adjacent cells. Ascorbic Acid (AA) has been proposed as an effective anti-cancer agent with no obvious effects
on normal cells.

Objective:
The effects of Ascorbic acid in combination with radiotherapy on human pancreatic carcinoma cell
line were studied.

Methods:
The human pancreatic cancer cells were cultured and divided into four groups: control group (A)
without any treatment, group B that received 2Gy radiotherapy alone, group C that was treated with 4mM AA
alone, and group D that was co-treated with AA and radiotherapy. Cell viability, DNA fragmentation, expression
of apoptotic genes, and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production were determined in treated cells.

Results:
There was a noticeable decrease in cell viability after treatment with AA (and/or) radiotherapy. All
treated groups showed elevated ROS production, Bax/Bcl2 expression, DNA fragmentation, and cytotoxycity
compared with the control group. Cells under combination therapy showed the most cytotoxicity.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that AA at a dose of 4mmol/l may be used as an effective radio-sensitizing
agent in pancreatic cancer cell line.
Lisdexamfetamine Alters BOLD-fMRI Activations Induced by Odor Cues in Impulsive Children
Authors: Tobón Silvia S. Hidalgo , Suárez Pilar Dies , Pérez Eduardo Barragán , López Javier M. Hernández , García Julio , de Celis Alonso Benito 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is a drug used to treat ADHD/impulsive patients.
Impulsivity is known to affect inhibitory, emotional and cognitive function. On the other hand, smell
and odor processing are known to be affected by neurological disorders, as they are modulators of addictive
and impulsive behaviors specifically. We hypothesize that, after LDX ingestion, inhibitory
pathways of the brain would change, and complementary behavioral regulation mechanisms would
appear to regulate decision-making and impulsivity.

Methods:
20 children were studied in an aleatory crossover study. Imaging of BOLD-fMRI activity,
elicited by olfactory stimulation in impulsive children, was performed after either LDX or placebo ingestion.

Results:
Findings showed that all subjects who underwent odor stimulation presented activations of
similar intensities in the olfactory centers of the brain. This contrasted with inhibitory regions of the
brain such as the cingulate cortex and frontal lobe regions, which demonstrated changed activity patterns
and intensities. While some differences between the placebo and medicated states were found in
motor areas, precuneus, cuneus, calcarine, supramarginal, cerebellum and posterior cingulate cortex,
the main changes were found in frontal, temporal and parietal cortices. When comparing olfactory
cues separately, pleasant food smells like chocolate seemed not to present large differences between
the medicated and placebo scenarios, when compared to non-food-related smells.

Conclusions:
It was demonstrated that LDX, first, altered the inhibitory pathways of the brain, secondly
it increased activity in several brain regions which were not activated by smell in drug-naïve patients,
and thirdly, it facilitated a complementary behavioral regulation mechanism, run by the cerebellum,
which regulated decision-making and impulsivity in motor and frontal structures.