bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of expanded non‐invasive prenatal screening and chromosomal microarray analysis in high‐risk pregnancy
Authors: Zhu X. , Chen M. , Wang H. , Guo Y. , Chau M. H. K. , Yan H. , Cao Y. , Kwok Y. K. Y. , Chen J. , Hui A. S. Y. , Zhang R. , Meng Z. , Zhu Y. , Leung T. Y. , Xiong L. , Kong X. , Choy K. W. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of expanded non‐invasive prenatal screening (NIPS), compared with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in high‐risk pregnancies.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective study of singleton pregnancies at high risk for chromosomal abnormality. Patients who underwent expanded NIPS and CMA sequentially during pregnancy from 2015 to 2019 were included in the analysis. Pregnancies with a positive result for sex chromosome aneuploidy were excluded as the full details could not be retrieved. The utility of expanded NIPS and CMA for detection of chromosomal abnormalities in this cohort was compared by assessing the concordance between the results.ResultsOf the 774 included high‐risk pregnancies, 550 (71.1%) had a positive NIPS result, while a positive CMA result was detected in 308 (39.8%) cases. The rate of full or partial concordance between NIPS and CMA was 82.2%, 59.6% and 25.0% for trisomies 21, 18 and 13, respectively. For rare aneuploidies and segmental imbalances, NIPS and CMA results were fully or partially concordant in 7.5% and 33.3% of cases, respectively. Copy‐number variants < 5 Mb were detected more often by CMA, with an incidence of 7.9% (61/774) compared with 3.1% (24/774) by NIPS. A genetic aberration was detected by CMA in 1 in 17 (5.8%) high‐risk pregnancies that had a negative or non‐reportable NIPS result.ConclusionCMA allows for comprehensive detection of genome‐wide chromosomal abnormalities in high‐risk pregnancies. CMA should be offered instead of expanded NIPS for high‐risk pregnancies. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Copper (II) removal in a column reactor using electrocoagulation: Parametric optimization by response surface methodology using central composite design
Authors: Mateen Qazi Shabihul , Khan Saif Ullah , Islam Dar Tafazul , Khan Nadeem Ahmad , Farooqi Izharul Haq 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present work, electrocoagulation was applied for copper removal from aqueous solution employing iron electrodes in a cylindrical reactor. A four‐factorial central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the effect of various process parameters on removal efficiency and energy consumption as the responses. On optimization, maximum removal efficiency up to 95% was attained with energy consumption as 0.903 W‐hour per gram removal of Cu (II) at applied current 0.26 A, initial copper concentration of 27.8 ppm, application time of 5.4 min and pH 7. The interaction between the process variables was evaluated by using the obtained 3‐D plots. The models generated were validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Studies carried on Cu (II) removal rate showed adsorption suited pseudo‐Ist order kinetics best. Overall, the electrocoagulation process proved efficient, low cost and a promising alternative to conventional treatment procedures in removing Cu (II).Practitioner points

Adsorption over hydroxide/polyhydroxide complexes of Fe assisted in enhanced removal of Cu (II) by EC.

Higher concentrations treated at lower current but longer duration reduces energy.

pH was found to be the deterministic factor for coagulation.

CCD‐based optimization reduced energy consumption substantially.
The small black hole illusion
Authors: Cano Pablo A. , Ramírez Pedro F. , Ruipérez Alejandro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Small black holes in string theory are characterized by a classically singular horizon with vanishing Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. It has been argued that higher- curvature corrections resolve the horizon and that the associated Wald entropy is in agreement with the microscopic degeneracy. In this note we study the heterotic two-charge small black hole and question this result, which we claim is caused by a misidentification of the fundamental constituents of the system studied when higher-curvature interactions are present. On the one hand, we show that quadratic curvature corrections do not solve the singular horizon of small black holes. On the other, we argue that the resolution of the heterotic small black hole reported in the literature involves the introduction of solitonic 5-branes, whose asymptotic charge vanishes due to a screening effect induced by the higher- curvature interactions, and a Kaluza-Klein monopole, whose charge remains unscreened.
Soft corrections to inclusive deep-inelastic scattering at four loops and beyond
Authors: Das Goutam , Moch Sven-Olaf , Vogt Andreas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study the threshold corrections for inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) and their all-order resummation. Using recent results for the QCD form factor, related anomalous dimensions and Mellin moments of DIS structure functions at four loops we derive the complete soft and collinear contributions to the DIS Wilson coefficients at four loops. For a general SU(nc) gauge group the results are exact in the large-nc approximation and for QCD with nc = 3 we present precise approximations. We extend the threshold resummation exponent GN in Mellin-N space to the fifth logarithmic (N4LL) order collecting the terms $$ {\alpha}_{\mathrm{s}}^3 $$

α
s
3

(αs ln N)n to all orders in the strong coupling constant αs. We study the numerical effect of the N4LL corrections using both the fully exponentiated form and the expansion of the coefficient function in towers of logarithms. As a byproduct, we derive a numerical result for the complete pole structure of the QCD form factor in the parameter of dimensional regularization ε at four loops.
The radiation valley and exotic resonances in Wγ production at the LHC
Authors: Capdevilla Rodolfo , Harnik Roni , Martin Adam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The tree-level partonic angular distribution of Standard Model Wγ production possesses a feature known as the Radiation Amplitude Zero (RAZ) where destructive interference causes the cross section to vanish. At the proton level the exact cancellation disappears, however, one can find a dip in the central region of the angular distributions, here called the Radiation Valley (RV). In this paper, we show how the sensitivity for W(ℓv)γ resonances can be significantly improved if one focuses on events in the RV region. Using this technique, we find that the LHC could probe a larger range of resonance masses, equivalent to increasing the luminosity by a factor of 2–3 over conventional searches. The exact increase depends on the spin of the Wγ resonance and exactly how it couples to electroweak gauge bosons.
Direct detection and complementary constraints for sub-GeV dark matter
Authors: Bondarenko Kyrylo , Boyarsky Alexey , Bringmann Torsten , Hufnagel Marco , Schmidt-Hoberg Kai , Sokolenko Anastasia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Traditional direct searches for dark matter, looking for nuclear recoils in deep underground detectors, are challenged by an almost complete loss of sensitivity for light dark matter particles. Consequently, there is a significant effort in the community to devise new methods and experiments to overcome these difficulties, constantly pushing the limits of the lowest dark matter mass that can be probed this way. From a model-building perspective, the scattering of sub-GeV dark matter on nucleons essentially must proceed via new light mediator particles, given that collider searches place extremely stringent bounds on contact-type interactions. Here we present an updated compilation of relevant limits for the case of a scalar mediator, including a new estimate of the near-future sensitivity of the NA62 experiment as well as a detailed evaluation of the model-specific limits from Big Bang nucleosynthesis. We also derive updated and more general limits on DM particles upscattered by cosmic rays, applicable to arbitrary energy- and momentum dependences of the scattering cross section. Finally we stress that dark matter self-interactions, when evaluated beyond the common s-wave approximation, place stringent limits independently of the dark matter production mechanism. These are, for the relevant parameter space, generically comparable to those that apply in the commonly studied freeze-out case. We conclude that the combination of existing (or expected) constraints from accelerators and astrophysics, combined with cosmological requirements, puts robust limits on the maximally possible nuclear scattering rate. In most regions of parameter space these are at least competitive with the best projected limits from currently planned direct detection experiments.
Effective field theory approach to lepton number violating decays $$ {K}^{\pm}\to {\pi}^{\mp }{l}_{\alpha}^{\pm }{l}_{\beta}^{\pm }: $$ long-distance contribution
Authors: Liao Yi , Ma Xiao-Dong , Wang Hao-Lin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This is a sequel to our recent work [1] in which we calculated the lepton number violating (LNV) K± decays due to contact dimension-9 (dim-9) quark-lepton effective interactions that are induced at a high energy scale. In this work we investigate the long- distance contribution to the decays arising from the exchange of a neutrino. These decays can probe LNV interactions involving the second generation of fermions that are not reach- able in nuclear neutrinoless double-β decays. Our study is completely formulated in the framework of effective field theories (EFTs), from the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) through the low energy effective field theory (LEFT) to chiral perturbation theory (χPT). We work to the first nontrivial orders in each effective field theory, collect along the way the matching conditions and renormalization group effects, and express the decay branching ratios in terms of the Wilson coefficients associated with the dim-5 and dim-7 operators in SMEFT. Our result is general in that it does not depend on dynamical details of physics at a high scale that induce the effective interactions in SMEFT and in that it does not appeal to any hadronic models. We find that the long-distance contribution overwhelmingly dominates over the contact or short-distance one. Assuming the new physics scale to be around a TeV, the branching ratios are predicted to be below the current experimental upper bounds by several orders of magnitude.
High-throughput dielectrophoretic filtration of sub-micron and micro particles in macroscopic porous materials
Authors: Lorenz Malte , Malangré Daniel , Du Fei , Baune Michael , Thöming Jorg , Pesch Georg R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractState-of-the-art dielectrophoretic (DEP) separation techniques provide unique properties to separate particles from a liquid or particles with different properties such as material or morphology from each other. Such separators do not operate at throughput that is sufficient for a vast fraction of separation tasks. This limitation exists because high electric field gradients are required to drive the separation which are generated by electrode microstructures that limit the maximum channel size. Here, we investigate DEP filtration, a technique that uses open porous microstructures instead of microfluidic devices to easily increase the filter cross section and, therefore, also the processable throughput by several orders of magnitude. Previously, we used simple microfluidic porous structures to derive design rules predicting the influence of key parameters on DEP filtration in real complex porous filters. Here, we study in depth DEP filtration in microporous ceramics and underpin the previously postulated dependencies by a broad parameter study (Lorenz et al., 2019). We will further verify our previous claim that the main separation mechanism is indeed positive DEP trapping by showing that we can switch from positive to negative DEP trapping when we increase the electric conductivity of the suspension. Two clearly separated trapping mechanisms (positive and negative DEP trapping) at different conductivities can be observed, and the transition between them matches theoretical predictions. This lays the foundation for selective particle trapping, and the results are a major step towards DEP filtration at high throughput to solve existing separation problems such as scrap recovery or cell separation in liquid biopsy.
Salivary gland ablation: introducing an interventional radiology treatment alternative in the management of sialorrhea
Authors: Begley Katherine A. , Braswell Leah E. , Noritz Garey H. , Murakami James W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSialorrhea is common in children with neurological disorders and leads to social isolation, aspiration pneumonia and increased caregiver burden. Sialorrhea management includes anticholinergic medications and a variety of surgeries, but these are limited by side effects, recurrence and risks.ObjectiveWe present our method of salivary gland ablation, an interventional radiology treatment for sialorrhea, and report safety and efficacy data from pediatric patients who underwent salivary gland ablation.Materials and methodsSalivary gland ablation uses image-guided sotradecol and ethanol dual-drug injection into the salivary glands. Submandibular and sublingual glands are injected percutaneously using ultrasound. Parotid glands are injected retrograde through Stensen ducts using fluoroscopy. We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of patients who underwent salivary gland ablation at our institution between 2005 and 2019. Pre- and post-procedure Drooling Frequency and Drooling Severity (DFDS) scale scores were compared and caregiver satisfaction was assessed. We devised two cohorts, one to study patient safety and a subcohort to study clinical efficacy using DFDS scores.ResultsOne hundred and seventy salivary gland ablation procedures were performed in the 99 patients comprising the safety cohort. Of the procedures, 88.8% resulted in no or minimal complications. Respiratory difficulty, temporary nerve palsy and infection represent the majority of the 11.2% of patients who experienced periprocedural complications. There were no complications resulting in permanent sequelae. Twenty-seven patients met our inclusion criteria for the efficacy subcohort with a mean follow-up time of 5.4 years. DFDS at follow-up decreased from a median score of nine to a seven post-procedure (P=0.000018). The proportion of caregivers who were satisfied with the procedure increased as more glands were ablated, which suggests a causal link between the number of glands ablated and the outcome.ConclusionSalivary gland ablation is a safe and effective procedure with the potential for permanent decrease in symptoms related to sialorrhea.
Decreased mean perfusion pressure as an independent predictor of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery
Authors: Hu Raymond , Kalam Yasmean , Broad Jeremy , Ho Tim , Parker Frank , Lee Matthew , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury after cardiac surgery (AKICS) is common. Previous studies examining the role that mean arterial pressure (MAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may have on AKICS have not taken into account how baseline central venous pressure (CVP) and mean perfusion pressure (MPP) (i.e. MAP − CVP) can influence its evolution. To assess whether the change in MPP to the kidneys (i.e. delta MPP or DMPP) during CPB compared to baseline is an independent predictor of AKICS. After ethical approval, a retrospective observational study was performed on all patients undergoing CPB between October 2013 and June 2015 at a university-affiliated hospital. Known risk factors for the development of AKICS were recorded, as were the MPP values at baseline and during CPB. From this, statistical modelling was performed to identify predictors of postoperative AKICS. 664 patients were identified. Analysis was performed on 513 patients after exclusion. On logistic regression, significant and independent predictors of AKICS included: d20DMPP (cumulative duration of MPP values during CPB that were 20% below baseline and exceeded three consecutive minutes) (P = 0.010); baseline CVP; age; pre-operative creatinine level; and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (ejection fraction (EF) < 45%). On alternative modelling, the cumulative number of MPP values during CPB that were 10% below baseline was also independently associated with AKICS (P = 0.003). Modelling without taking into account CVP also supported this association. The duration of differences in perfusion pressure to the kidneys during CPB compared to baseline is an independent predictor of AKICS.
Major abdominal wall defects in the low- and middle-income setting: current status and priorities
Authors: Anyanwu Lofty-John Chukwuemeka , Ade-Ajayi Niyi , Rolle Udo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMajor congenital abdominal wall defects (gastroschisis and omphalocele) may account for up to 21% of emergency neonatal interventions in low- and middle-income countries. In many low- and middle-income countries, the reported mortality of these malformations is 30–100%, while in high-income countries, mortality in infants with major abdominal wall reaches less than 5%. This review highlights the challenges faced in the management of newborns with major congenital abdominal wall defects in the resource-limited setting. Current high-income country best practice is assessed and opportunities for appropriate priority setting and collaborations to improve outcomes are discussed.
Colocalized neurotransmitters in the hindbrain cooperate in adaptation to chronic hypernatremia
Authors: Matuska Rita , Zelena Dóra , Könczöl Katalin , Papp Rege Sugárka , Durst Máté , Guba Dorina , Török Bibiana , Varnai Peter , Tóth Zsuzsanna E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChronic hypernatremia activates the central osmoregulatory mechanisms and inhibits the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Noradrenaline (NE) release into the periventricular anteroventral third ventricle region (AV3V), the supraoptic (SON) and hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei (PVN) from efferents of the caudal ventrolateral (cVLM) and dorsomedial (cDMM) medulla has been shown to be essential for the hypernatremia-evoked responses and for the HPA response to acute restraint. Notably, the medullary NE cell groups highly coexpress prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) and nesfatin-1/NUCB2 (nesfatin), therefore, we assumed they contributed to the reactions to chronic hypernatremia. To investigate this, we compared two models: homozygous Brattleboro rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) and Wistar rats subjected to chronic high salt solution (HS) intake. HS rats had higher plasma osmolality than DI rats. PrRP and nesfatin mRNA levels were higher in both models, in both medullary regions compared to controls. Elevated basal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression and impaired restraint-induced TH, PrRP and nesfatin expression elevations in the cVLM were, however, detected only in HS, but not in DI rats. Simultaneously, only HS rats exhibited classical signs of chronic stress and severely blunted hormonal reactions to acute restraint. Data suggest that HPA axis responsiveness to restraint depends on the type of hypernatremia, and on NE capacity in the cVLM. Additionally, NE and PrRP signalization primarily of medullary origin is increased in the SON, PVN and AV3V in HS rats. This suggests a cooperative action in the adaptation responses and designates the AV3V as a new site for PrRP’s action in hypernatremia.
Significance of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 as a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Drexler Richard , Wagner Kim C. , Küchler Mirco , Feyerabend Bernd , Kleine Moritz , Oldhafer Karl J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Few studies reported about the potential of unphosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) as a predictor for survival and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we analysed the expression patterns of pHSP27 and HSP27 in a patient population after surgery and correlated the immunohistochemical results with clinicopathological data and long-term outcome of the patients.

Methods
HSP27 and pHSP27 (Ser-15, Ser-78 and Ser-82) protein expression were analysed by immunohistochemistry using the immunoreactive score (IRS) from paraffin-embedded tissue of 106 patients with PDAC who underwent surgery. Immunohistochemical results were correlated with clinicopathological data, disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results
HSP27 expression was significantly lower in patients with a shorter OS (p = 0.006) and DFS (p < 0.0001). A higher HSP27 expression was associated with a better response to gemcitabine in the resected, non-metastasised patients group (p = 0.001). Furthermore, HSP27 was downregulated in patients suffering from metastases at time of surgery (p < 0.001) and in undifferentiated tumours (p = 0.007). In contrast, pHSP27-Ser15, -Ser78 and -Ser82 were not associated with any survival data of the study population.

Conclusion
HSP27 seems to be a strong indicator for the prediction of OS and DFS. Moreover, HSP27 could play a role in the formation and migration of liver metastases of PDAC.
Capillary bridge formation between hexagonally ordered carbon nanorods
Authors: Ludescher Lukas , Braxmeier Stephan , Balzer Christian , Reichenauer Gudrun , Putz Florian , Hüsing Nicola , Gor Gennady Y. , Paris Oskar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCapillary condensation within the pore space formed by a hexagonal arrangement of carbon nanorods is investigated using a thermodynamic model. Numerical solution of the corresponding non-linear differential equations predicts two characteristic equilibrium phase transitions corresponding to liquid-bridge formation between adjacent rods, and the subsequent filling of the entire pore space with liquid adsorbate at higher relative pressure, respectively. These separate transitions are predicted for a wide range of porosities, as demonstrated for two non-polar fluids, nitrogen and n-pentane, employing experimentally determined reference isotherms to model the fluid–solid interactions. The theoretical predictions are compared to experimental data for nitrogen and n-pentane adsorption in an ordered mesoporous CMK-3 type material, with the necessary structural parameters obtained from small-angle X-ray scattering. Although the experimental adsorption isotherms do not unambiguously show two separate transitions due to a high degree of structural disorder of the mesopore space, their general trends are consistent with the theoretical predictions for both adsorbates.