bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children’s Ethno-National Flag Categories in Three Divided Societies
Authors: Dautel Jocelyn B. , Maloku Edona , Tomovska Misoska Ana , Taylor Laura K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Flags are conceptual representations that can prime nationalism and allegiance to one’s group. Investigating children’s understanding of conflict-related ethno-national flags in divided societies sheds light on the development of national categories. We explored the development of children’s awareness of, and preferences for, ethno-national flags in Northern Ireland, Kosovo, and the Republic of North Macedonia. Children displayed early categorization of, and ingroup preferences for, ethno-national flags. By middle-childhood, children’s conflict-related social categories shaped systematic predictions about other’s group-based preferences for flags. Children of minority-status groups demonstrated more accurate flag categorization and were more likely to accurately infer others’ flag preferences. While most Balkan children preferred divided versus integrated ethno-national symbols, children in the Albanian majority group in Kosovo demonstrated preferences for the new supra-ethnic national flag. We discuss the implications of children’s ethno-national flag categories on developing conceptualizations of nationality and the potential for shared national symbols to promote peace.
Psychological and Theological Predictors of Environmental Attitudes among a Sample of UK Churchgoers
Authors: Village Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper builds on previous studies of UK churchgoers by examining the factors that predict concern for the environment and willingness to make sacrifices to preserve it. A sample of 825 churchgoers from a range of denominations completed a questionnaire that contained items used to assess psychological preferences, biblical literalism, and a range of theological stances toward creation. Psychological variables showed both direct and indirect effects on environmentalism that were in line with previous work by environmental psychologists. Indirect effects were related to the way that some psychological type preferences either shape biblical interpretation or are associated with religious conservatism. Religious affiliation had no direct effects on environmentalism, but did have indirect effects through literalism and religious conservatism. Beliefs about dominion and eschatology directly reduced concern, but dominion was also positively associated with stewardship, which emerged as the main promoter of both concern and sacrifice.
Liberal Judaism and Local Jewish Identity: The Dublin Jewish Progressive Congregation (DJPC), 1946–1967
Authors: Wynn Natalie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As a minority within a minority, the Dublin Jewish Progressive Congregation (DJPC) barely features in the history of either Irish Jewry or Britain’s Liberal Judaism (LJ) movement. Any discussions of the congregation have been superficial; it is dismissed as religiously lax in the orthodox-led, largely anecdotal Irish Jewish historiography, but as conservative in the LJ context. This article critically examines the DJPC in its own right and “from within” for the first time, drawing on local memory and a range of material, personal and archival. I begin by querying exactly what the synagogue’s founders were seeking to achieve in establishing an Irish outpost of Jewish reform. The incremental development of a distinctive Irish brand of progressive Judaism is then investigated through the formative influence of the DJPC’s primary institutional relationships: that with the local orthodox community, and that with the Union of Liberal and Progressive Synagogues (ULPS) in London.
Erasing the Fear from the Eyes: A Micro-Narrative on Emotions in Spanish Migration to Cold-War Switzerland
Authors: Prieto Moisés 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the summer of 1964, Miguel Soto, a Spanish immigrant to Switzerland, was arrested and imprisoned during his summer vacation in Spain, due to his participation in an anti-Francoist demonstration in Switzerland. This incident is the starting point for an inquiry into the problems – denunciation, political surveillance, xenophobia and anti-communism – that politically committed foreigners were confronted with in their home country and in Switzerland, and into the strategies they used to overcome them. Soto’s experience, including an oral history interview with him and archival material, reveals the regime of fear under which such immigrants lived, and questions the quality of democracy in post-war Switzerland.
Visionary Masculinities: Emotion and the Experience of the Miraculous in Latin Narratives of the First Crusade
Authors: Spacey Beth C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Latin narratives of the First Crusade produced in the first decades of the twelfth century contain many stories of emotionally charged, affective instances of human interaction with the divine in the form of visions and miracles. Examination of these episodes reveals that the masculine ideas and ideals reflected in the narratives allow some scope for legitimate fearful responses to the miraculous. Such formulations constitute a pious fear that is indicative of the love of God, as opposed to worldly fear that represents a symptom of the prioritisation of the mundane. Such pious, fearful masculinities offer further nuance to the idea that fear was typically seen as the antithesis of the idealised courageous crusader.
Labours of Love: Gender, Work and Devotion in Medieval Chartres
Authors: Randles Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The medieval cathedral of Notre-Dame of Chartres is famous for the depictions of artisans in its thirteenth-century stained-glass windows. Using gender as a lens through which to view these images makes clear that the work they depict is overwhelmingly undertaken by men. In contrast, women’s work, in the form of preparing textile fibres, is depicted in a series of stone carvings on the exterior northern portal of the cathedral. Here physical labour is juxtaposed with acts of reading and prayerful contemplation. Miracle tales from Chartres emphasise connections between gendered work and devotion to the Virgin Mary. This article considers these visual and literary depictions of labour at Chartres in the contexts of historical gendering of work, medieval ideas of divine cosmic order, and the role of work as religious devotional practice within a prevailing emotional regime.
The State of the Art of the Genetic Relationship of Japonic: non-Altaic Comparisons and the Fate of Linguistic Isolates
Authors: Orlandi Giorgio (Georg) 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Some lesser-known long range theories besides Altaic are discussed in the present article, before special attention is given to the two non-distant hypotheses which purport to substantiate the genetic relationship between Japonic and Ainu as well as between Japonic and Korean. Other assumptions about Japonic, such as Japanese as a ‘mixed language’, are also evaluated and critically assessed. Furthermore, the reasons why Japanese was linked to such a panoply of linguistic families are also taken in consideration, and a discussion about the fate of “linguistic isolates” is also offered.
Evaluation of alexithymia in individuals with chronic pain in a Mexican population: Alexithymia in a Mexican population
Authors: Fresán Ana , González-Castro Thelma Beatriz , Pool-García Sherezada , Tovilla-Zárate Carlos Alfonso , Castellanos-Narvaéz Eduardo , Cruz Juan Pablo Sánchez de la , Juárez-Rojop Isela Esther , López-Narváez María Lilia , Lopez Alejandro Molina 
Published: December 2020

Introduction Alexithymia is the difficulty in identifying and describing feelings. Several studies have suggested that chronic pain can be linked to alexithymia. The aims of this study were to determine the presence of alexithymia in a sample of Mexican individuals who attended public health services, to assess if alexithymia is higher in medically ill individuals with pain than in those without pain, and to determine which alexithymia dimensions are more affected by the presence of pain. Methods Demographic and clinical features were evaluated in 250 Mexican outpatients of the General Hospital of Comalcalco, Tabasco. Pain was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale for Pain Assessment (VAS-P) and alexithymia was evaluated using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Results 38.8% of the sample was identified with probable/definite alexithymia and up to 61.2% of individuals were currently experiencing pain. Individuals with pain exhibited higher scores in the TAS-20 dimensions: difficulty describing feelings (p = 0.02), difficulty identifying feelings (p < 0.001) and higher total TAS-20 score (p < 0.001). Also, Probable/definite alexithymia was more frequently reported in individuals with pain (49% vs. 21.6%, p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results show that a large proportion of individuals who attend public health services in a Mexican population present pain. We also identified that pain could be associated with alexithymia, in particular with a difficulty in describing and identifying feelings. An early identification and treatment of alexithymia could help in reducing the clinical burden of chronic pain in Mexican outpatients.
Combining real-time elastography with fine-needle aspiration biopsy to identify malignant thyroid nodules
Authors: Zhu Lei , Chen Yanyan , Ai Huijun , Gong Wei , Zhou Bin , Xu Yonghong , Chen Shuzheng , Cheng Feng 
Published: December 2020

Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic performance of real-time elastography (RTE) combined with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in identifying malignant thyroid nodules. Methods This was a single-centre, retrospective study and involved patients who had underogone partial or total thyroidectomy from 01 January 2014 to 31 December 2018 at our centre. Eligible patients were at least18 years of age, had reliable grayscale ultrasound imaging results, a RTE evaluation and had undergone a FNA biopsy. Results Data were available from 437 patients. A high RTE score was a significant independent risk factors for malignancy. RTE plus FNA biopsy increased diagnostic accuracy compared with either method alone and the sensitivity and specificity of the combined model were 86% and 78%, respectively. Conclusions The combination of RTE imaging with FNA biopsy improves the diagnostic performance in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Leukocyte Concentration on Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hurley Eoghan T. , Colasanti Christopher A. , Anil Utkarsh , Luthringer Tyler A. , Alaia Michael J. , Campbell Kirk A. , Jazrawi Laith M. , Strauss Eric J. 
Published: December 2020

Background: It is unclear whether leukocyte-poor (LP) or leukocyte-rich (LR) varieties of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an adjuvant to arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) result in improved tendon healing rates. Purpose: To perform a network meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials in the literature to ascertain whether there is evidence to support the use of LP- or LR-PRP as an adjunct to ARCR. Methods: The literature search was based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Randomized controlled trials comparing LP- or LR-PRP with a control alongside ARCR were included. Clinical outcomes, including retears and functional outcomes, were compared using a frequentist approach to network meta-analysis, with statistical analysis performed using R. The treatment options were ranked using the P-score. Results: There were 13 studies (868 patients) included, with 9 studies comparing LP-PRP with a control and 4 studies comparing LR-PRP with a control. LP-PRP was found to significantly reduce the rate of retear and/or incomplete tendon healing after fixation, even among medium-large tears; it also improved outcomes on the visual analog scale for pain, Constant score, and University of California Los Angeles score. LP-PRP had the highest P-score for all treatment groups. LR-PRP did not result in any significant improvements over the control group, except for visual analog scale score for pain. However, post hoc analysis revealed that LP-PRP did not lead to significant improvements over LR-PRP in any category. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that LP-PRP reduces the rate of retear and/or incomplete tendon healing after ARCR and improves patient-reported outcomes as compared with a control. However, it is still unclear whether LP-PRP improves the tendon healing rate when compared with LR-PRP.
Unplanned Emergency Visits and Admissions After Orthopaedic Ambulatory Surgery in the First 2 Years of Operation of a University Ambulatory Surgery Center
Authors: Brown Chelsea R. , Ghenbot Sennay , Magnussen Robert A. , Harangody Sarah , Flanigan David C. , Miller Timothy L. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Ambulatory surgeries have increased in recent decades to help improve efficiency and cost; however, there is a potential need for unplanned postoperative admission, clinic visits, or evaluation in the emergency department (ED). Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to determine the frequency, reasons, and factors influencing hospitalizations, return to clinic, and/or ED encounters within 24 hours of ambulatory surgery. The time frame for data collection was the first 2 years of operation of a university sports medicine ambulatory surgery center (ASC). We hypothesized that the percentage of encounters would be low and primarily because of pain or postoperative complication. Study design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all patients undergoing ambulatory surgery at an ASC during the first 2 years of its operation (November 2016 to October 2018). Data including age, sex, Current Procedural Terminology code, procedure performed, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, body mass index, medical history, and tobacco use were collected. Patients seeking care in the ED, inpatient, or outpatient setting within the first 24 hours after surgery were identified and the reasons for these encounters were categorized into 1 of 3 groups: (1) medical complication, (2) postoperative pain, or (3) other postoperative complication. Logistic regression models were used to assess risk factors for these encounters. Results: A total of 4650 sports medicine procedures were performed at the university ASC during the study period. A total of 35 patients (0.75%) sought additional care within 24 hours of surgery. Medical complications were the primary reason for seeking care (n = 16; 45.7%). Patients who sought treatment within 24 hours of surgery tended to be older, had more medical comorbidities, and were more likely to have undergone upper extremity (particularly shoulder) procedures. In the multivariable analysis, patients with higher ASA scores were more likely to seek additional care ( P < .005) and there was a trend toward increased risk of seeking additional care with upper extremity surgery ( P = .077). Conclusion: Orthopaedic procedures performed in an ASC result in a relatively low percentage of patients seeking additional care within the first 24 hours after surgery, consistent with other reports in the literature. Upper extremity procedures, particularly those of the shoulder, may carry an increased risk of requiring medical treatment within 24 hours of surgery. Even in the first 2 years of operation of a university-based ASC, low rates of postoperative complications and unplanned admissions can be maintained.
Single-Stage Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Experience With 91 Patients (40 Elite Athletes) Using an Algorithm
Authors: White Nathan P. , Borque Kyle A. , Jones Mary H. , Williams Andy 
Published: December 2020

Background: The increased prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has led to an increased need for revision ACL reconstructions. Despite the growing body of literature indicating that single-stage revision ACL reconstruction can yield good outcomes, there is a lack of data for determining when and how to safely perform a single-stage revision. Purpose: To assess the outcomes, graft failure rates, and return-to-play rates of a decision-making algorithm for single-stage revision ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We reviewed a consecutive series of revision ACL reconstructions performed by the senior author between September 2009 and July 2016 with minimum 2-year follow-up. All patients were assessed, and decision making was undertaken according to the algorithm. Outcomes measured were further surgery, graft rerupture, re-revision, Tegner score, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). For the elite athlete population, return-to-play time, duration, and level of play after surgery as compared with preinjury were also determined. Results: During this period, 93 procedures were performed in 92 patients (40 elite athletes). Two 2-stage procedures were undertaken, leaving 91 single-stage procedures (91 patients) to form the basis for further study. At a mean 4.3 years (SD, 2.2 years) after surgery, there had been 2 re-revisions (2.2%) and 2 further instances of graft failure that had not been re-revised (total graft failure rate, 4.4%). There were 17 subsequent procedures, including 6 arthroscopic partial meniscectomies, 5 removals of prominent implants, and 1 total knee arthroplasty. The mean Tegner score was 8.02 before graft rerupture and 7.1 at follow-up. At follow-up, the mean KOOS outcomes were 79.3 for Symptoms, 88.0 for Pain, 94.2 for Activities of Daily Living, 73.6 for Sport, and 68.9 for Quality of Life. Of 40 elite athletes, 35 returned to play at a mean 11.2 months (SD, 3.6 months) after surgery. Conclusion: Single-stage revision ACL reconstructions can be performed reliably in the majority of patients, with good clinical outcomes, low rerupture rates, and high-return-to play rates, even in the elite athlete population.
What Is the Relationship Between the Distal Semimembranosus Tendon and the Medial Meniscus? A Gross and Microscopic Analysis From the SANTI Study Group
Authors: Cavaignac Etienne , Sylvie Rémi , Teulières Maxime , Fernandez Andrea , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Gomez-Brouchet Anne , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand 
Published: December 2020

Background: Some authors have suggested that the semimembranosus tendon is involved in the pathophysiology of ramp lesions. This led us to conduct a gross and microscopic analysis of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus and the structures inserted on it. Hypothesis: (1) The semimembranosus tendon has a tendinous branch inserting into the posterior horn of the medial meniscus, and (2) the meniscotibial ligament is inserted on the posteroinferior edge of the medial meniscus. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: In total, 14 fresh cadaveric knees were dissected. From each cadaveric donor, a stable anatomic specimen was harvested en bloc, including the medial femoral condyle, medial tibial plateau, whole medial meniscus, cruciate ligaments, joint capsule, and distal insertion of the semimembranosus tendon. The harvested blocks were cut along the sagittal plane to isolate the distal insertion of the semimembranosus tendon on the posterior joint capsule and the posterior horn of the medial meniscus in a single slice. Histological slides were made from these samples and analyzed under a microscope. Results: In all knees, gross examination revealed a direct branch of the semimembranosus and a tendinous capsular branch ending behind the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. This capsular branch protruded over the joint capsule, over the meniscotibial ligament below and the meniscocapsular ligament above, but never ended directly in the meniscal tissue. The capsular branch was 14.3 ± 4.4 mm long (mean ± SD). The direct tendon inserted 11 ± 2.8 mm below the articular surface of the tibial plateau. The meniscotibial ligament inserted on the posteroinferior edge of the medial meniscus, and the meniscocapsular ligament insertion was on its posterosuperior edge. Highly vascularized adipose tissue was found, delimited by the posterior horn of the medial meniscus, meniscotibial ligament, meniscocapsular ligament, and capsular branch of the semimembranosus tendon. Conclusion: In all knees, our study found a capsular branch of the semimembranosus tendon inserted behind the medial meniscus. The meniscotibial ligament was inserted on the posteroinferior edge of the medial meniscus. Histological analysis of this area revealed that this ligament inserted differently from the insertion previously described in the literature. Clinical Relevance: This laboratory study provides insight into the pathophysiology of ramp lesions frequently associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury. To restore anatomy, it is mandatory to reestablish meniscotibial ligament continuity in ramp repairs.
The Impact of Food on Bioavailability of Oxycodone Myristate: A Case Report
Authors: Nguyen Theodore Pham , Hagiwara Yuya , Pies Carla , Lockman Kashelle 
Published: December 2020

Background: In efforts to reduce misuse of opioids, new abuse deterrent formulations of medications have been developed. Insurers increasingly give abuse-deterrent opioid formulations preferred formulary status, which can result in required formulation rotation for patients. Xtampza® (oxycodone myristate extended-release) is an abuse-deterrent opioid formulation that maintains its extended-release properties with any physical manipulation. Blood levels of oxycodone myristate extended-release (OxyM-ER) may vary with dietary caloric and fat intake. Case Description: A woman with metastatic breast carcinoma had severe myalgias and arthralgias well-managed with oxycodone hydrochloride extended-release (OxyHCl-ER) and hydrocodone/acetaminophen. A switch from OxyHCl-ER to OxyM-ER resulted in worsened pain management, decreased functional status, and a referral to palliative care (PC). Recognizing calorie-depending pharmacokinetic variability with OxyM-ER, the interdisciplinary PC team obtained a detailed dietary history from the patient, which revealed a low-fat, low-calorie healthy diet with inconsistent meals. After repeated education, the patient changed her diet and had improved pain and functional status without increasing her total daily opioid dose. Conclusion: The efficacy of OxyM-ER may be compromised in patients with cancer experiencing anorexia, decreased or inconsistent food intake, or low-fat/low-calorie diets. An interdisciplinary team approach can improve pain control in the setting of “forced” formulary switches to OxyM-ER.