bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is tissue still the issue in detecting molecular alterations in lung cancer?
Authors: Liam Chong‐Kin , Mallawathantri Sugamya , Fong Kwun M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTMolecular biomarker testing of advanced‐stage NSCLC is now considered standard of care and part of the diagnostic algorithm to identify subsets of patients for molecular‐targeted treatment. Tumour tissue biopsy is essential for an accurate initial diagnosis, determination of the histological subtype and for molecular testing. With the increasing use of small biopsies and cytological specimens for diagnosis and the need to identify an increasing number of predictive biomarkers, proper management of the limited amount of sampling materials available is important. Many patients with advanced NSCLC do not have enough tissue for molecular testing and/or do not have a biopsy‐amenable lesion and/or do not want to go through a repeat biopsy given the potential risks. Molecular testing can be difficult or impossible if the sparse material from very small biopsy specimens has already been exhausted for routine diagnostic purposes. A limited diagnostic workup is recommended to preserve sufficient tissue for biomarker testing. In addition, tumour biopsies are limited by tumour heterogeneity, particularly in the setting of disease resistance, and thus may yield false‐negative results. Hence, there have been considerable efforts to determine if liquid biopsy in which molecular alterations can be non‐invasively identified in plasma cell‐free ctDNA, a potential surrogate for the entire tumour genome, can overcome the issues with tissue biopsies and replace the need for the latter.
Serum mannose–binding lectin (MBL) concentrations are reduced in non‐pregnant women with previous adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Koucký Michal , Malíčková Karin , Kopřivová Helena , Cindrová‐Davies Tereza , Čapek Václav , Pařízek Antonín 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMannose‐binding lectin (MBL) is an important component of the innate immunity, and it is responsible not only for opsonization of micro‐organisms, but also for efferocytosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MBL concentrations and lectin complement pathway activity are altered in non‐pregnant women with previous adverse pregnancy outcomes. Patients were divided into four groups on the basis of their history of pregnancy complications, including control patients who had uncomplicated pregnancies and term deliveries (control, n = 33), and three groups of patients with a history of pregnancy complications, including preterm labour (n = 29), recurrent miscarriage (n = 19) or unexplained intrauterine foetal death (IUFD; n = 17). All women enrolled in the study had an interval of three to six months following their previous pregnancy, and they agreed to have a blood sample taken. We found significantly higher MBL concentrations and functional activity of the lectin complement pathway in healthy controls who had previous uneventful term pregnancies (1341 ng/mL; activity 100% (IQR: 62%‐100%)), compared to women with the history of IUFD (684 ng/mL, P = .008; activity 8.5% (IQR: 0%‐97.8%), P = .011), recurrent miscarriage (524 ng/mL, P = .022; activity 44% (IQR: 4%‐83%), P = .011) or preterm labour (799 ng/mL, P = .022; activity 62.5% (IQR: 0%‐83%), P = .003). Our results suggest that inadequate function of the complement lectin pathway is associated with a higher risk of preterm labour, recurrent miscarriage and unexplained intrauterine foetal death.
Association of sedentary and physical activity time with maximal fat oxidation during exercise in sedentary adults
Authors: Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J. , Acosta Francisco M. , Migueles Jairo H. , Ponce González Jesús G. , Ruiz Jonatan R. 
Published: April 2020

The present work examines the relationships of objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity (PA) with maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) and the intensity of exercise that elicits MFO (Fatmax), in young and middle‐aged men and women. A total of 121 young sedentary adults (81 women, age 22.1 ± 2.1 years, body mass index 25.2 ± 4.9 kg/m2) and 70 middle‐aged sedentary adults (36 women, age 53.4 ± 4.9 years, body mass index 26.8 ± 3.8 kg/m2) participated in this cross‐sectional study. PA was objectively assessed using a wrist‐worn accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Wrist accelerations were classified into sedentary time and PA of different intensity (light, moderate, vigorous, moderate‐vigorous), taking into account age‐specific cut‐offs. MFO and Fatmax were determined for all subjects by indirect calorimetry, using a walking graded exercise test. No association was found between any of the sedentary time‐related variables and MFO (all P ≥ .05). However, several sedentary time‐related variables were related to FATmax in young men and women (all P ≤ .04). A positive relationship was also detected between PA and MFO in young and middle‐aged women (P ≤ .05), although this became non‐significant after adjustment for cardiorespiratory fitness (P > .05). The present results suggest that, depending on the characteristics of the study cohort, sedentary time, and PA time may be related to MFO and FATmax during exercise. Future longitudinal and intervention studies are warranted to better understand the role of sedentary time and PA in metabolic flexibility during exercise.
Class struggle and the spatial politics of violence: The picket line in 1970s Britain
Authors: Kelliher Diarmaid 
Published: April 2020

The late 1960s to the mid‐1980s in Britain was a period of intense industrial struggle, with strike levels at their highest since the 1920s. Concerns surrounding trade union power became central to broader anxieties about British “decline” and “crisis.” These issues took a spatial form in conflicts around the nature of the picket line. This paper discusses the picket line in 1970s Britain in the context of recent debates on the geographies of violence, particularly in relation to questions of class and property, and the mutually constitutive temporalities of structural and direct violence. Rather than focusing on the diffuse processes of an abstract capitalism, I argue for greater attention to be paid to class conflict in shaping experiences and epistemologies of violence. This paper therefore places more emphasis on agency in the production of violence than has been prevalent in recent debates in geography. Drawing on extensive archival research, the paper focuses on three key disputes in this period. Building on work in labour geography, it explores how the assertive working‐class presence of mass pickets were portrayed as violent through an account of the miners' strike in 1972. It then considers a similar process in relation to flying pickets during the 1972 builders' dispute, emphasising the threat of a politicised working‐class mobility. Finally, the paper considers the coercive state response in the violent policing of the picket line during the 1976–8 Grunwick dispute. The radical right‐wing project of neoliberalism emerged in part as a solution to the perceived threat of the labour movement; critical to its success and consolidation was challenging the “enemy within” of militant trade unionism. These violent class struggles around picketing in the 1970s, I argue, are crucial for understanding the long‐term, structural violence of neoliberalism.
Multilocus phylogeny and systematics of Iberian endemic Squalius (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae)
Authors: Perea Silvia , Sousa‐Santos Carla , Robalo Joana , Doadrio Ignacio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInferring the evolutionary history of a group of species can be challenging given the many factors involved. In recent years, the increased availability of sequences of multiple genes per species has spurred the development of new methodologies to analyse multilocus data sets. Two approaches that analyse such data are concatenated supermatrix and coalescent‐based species‐tree analyses. In this study, we used both of these methods to infer the phylogenetic relationships of Iberian species of the genus Squalius from one mitochondrial and six nuclear genes. We found mitonuclear discordance in the phylogenetic relationships of the group. According to the mitochondrial gene analysis, all species were recovered as monophyletic except S. pyrenaicus; besides, in the concatenated supermatrix analysis of the nuclear markers, this species resolved as polyphyletic with three divergent evolutionary lineages. The coalescent‐based nuclear species‐tree analysis rendered a well‐resolved phylogeny compared with the supermatrix analysis, which was unable to discern between S. carolitertii, S. castellanus and one of the evolutionary lineages of S. pyrenaicus. This result is likely due to the better integration of population uncertainty in the coalescent approach. Furthermore, Bayesian multilocus species delimitation analyses based on a BPP approach strongly supported the distinct nuclear lineages as different species. Nevertheless, the supermatrix analysis was able to obtain well‐supported relationships in the divergent lineages with low numbers of individuals. Our study highlights the usefulness of different analytical methodologies to obtain a more complete picture of the evolutionary history of taxa, especially when discordant patterns among genes are found.
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Fault Detection Using Higher Degree Cubature Kalman Filter
Authors: Ahmad Nazri Muhammad Naguib , Ismail Zool Hilmi , Yusof Rubiyah 
Published: April 2020

Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) plays a major role in chemical industries, it ensures the process of mixing reactants according to the attended specification to produce a specific output. It is a complex process that usually represent with nonlinear model for benchmarking. Any abnormality, disturbance and unusual condition can easily interrupt the operations, especially fault. And this problem need to detect and rectify as soon as possible. A good knowledge based fault detection using available model require a good error residual between the measurement and the estimated state. Kalman filter is an example of a good estimator, and has been exploited in many researches to detect fault. In this paper, Higher degree Cubature Kalman Filter (HDCKF) is proposed as a method for fault detection by estimation the current state. Cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is an extension of the Kalman filter with the main purpose is to estimate process and measurement state with high nonlinearities. It is based on spherical radial integration to estimate current state by generating cubature points with specific value. Conventional CKF use 3rd degree spherical and 3rd degree radial, here we implement Higher Degree CKF (HDCKF) to have better accuracy as compared to conventional CKF. High accuracy is required to ensure no false alarm is detected and furthermore good computational cost will improve its detection. Finally, a numerical example of CSTR fault detection using HDCKF is presented. Implementation of HDCKF for fault detection is compared with other filter to show effective results.
Performance Comparison Between Direct and External Modulation Using RZ and NRZ Coding
Authors: Hadj Ali Bakir 
Published: April 2020

Such as in any optical communication system, the light modulation is considered a main key to determine the performance (or the maximum) of the data rate that can be transmitted and over what the long distance can be applied. So, a choice of the modulation type in any optical link is more important and should base on measuring of the BER and the Q factor parameters. In that issue, we propose a comparative study as contribution between the principle or the schemes of the direct modulation (DM) and the external modulation (EM) respectively, which the chirp frequency modeling is described for the two modulations. However, the main issues addressed also in the simulation analysis when the amount of the chirp (in GHz) introduced for the two modulations applied is discussed, and also the Q factor introduced using different power values and, in different data rate for the two modulations studied is presented where we can determine from these results of the Q factor the effect of the power and the limit of applying the direct modulation and the external modulation in terms of the maximum of the data rate that can be transmitted. Moreover, we provide a numerical results of the Q factor and the BER for the two modulations (DM and EM) using RZ and NRZ format codes at different distance transmission, and in different data rate through these results we can conclude in which code (RZ and NRZ) the DM and the EM performed better.
Induction Motor Stator Fault Classification Using PCA-ANFIS Technique
Authors: Abullateef Ayodele Isqeel , Sanusi Mohammed Faiz , Sunday Fagbolagun Olabanji 
Published: April 2020

Induction motors are used commonly for industrial operations due to their ease of operation coupled with ruggedness and reliability. However, they are subjected to stator faults which result in damage and consequently revenue losses. The classification of stator fault in a three-phase induction motor based on Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in combination with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is proposed in this study. A burnt motor was redesigned and rewound while data acquisition was developed to acquire the current and vibration data needed for the fault classification. The data feature extraction for the fault classification was carried out by PCA while backpropagation and the least-squares algorithms were used for the training of the data. Three principal components, which severs as input for the ANFIS, were used to represent the entire data. The ANFIS was tested under four different paradigms, while the membership function type and epoch number were changed at each instant. The ANFIS model based on the triangular membership function and 10 epoch number was found appropriate and used, bringing the accuracy of the model to over 99% with the lowest ANFIS training RMSE error of 1.1795e-6. The ANFIS validation results of the fault classification show that the results are accurate, indicating that the PCA-ANFIS technique is applicable in fault diagnosis and classification of stator faults in induction motors.
ANALYSIS OF EVAPORATOR EFFECTIVENESS ON 1/2 CYCLE REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY ON LPG FUELED VEHICLES
Authors: Setiyo Muji , Waluyo Budi , Hamidi Nurkholis 
Published: April 2020

The ½ cycle refrigeration system on LPG fueled vehicles has a significant cooling effect. However, the cooling is very dependent on the heat exchange process in the evaporator. Therefore, this paper analyses the deviation of the actual cooling curve from the ideal scenario carried out on a laboratory scale. The analytical method used is the calculation of the effectiveness of the evaporator, which compares the actual to the potential heat transfer capacity. The LPG flow rate was varied from 1-6 g/s, while the evaporation pressure ranged between 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 MPa, which applied to compact type evaporators with dimensions of 262 ´ 200 mm, with a thickness of 65 mm. The research results confirm that the higher the LPG mass flow rate, the lower the heat transfer effectiveness. At the higher LPG mass flow rate, heat transfer occurs less optimally, due to incomplete evaporation of LPG in the evaporator.
THE PERFORMANCE OF NARROW AND BROAD-CRESTED SUBMERGED BREAKWATERS IN DISSIPATING WAVE HEIGHTS
Authors: Ibrahim ‘Izzat Na’im , Ab Razak Mohd Shahrizal , Yusof Badronissa , Mat Desa Safari 
Published: April 2020

The main objective of this paper is to determine the wave transmission coefficient of an improved submerged breakwater called WABCORE. The objective is further explored to assess the effect of various parameters such as wave steepness, Hi/L, relative freeboard, R/d, and relative width of the top crest, B/L on wave transmission coefficient, KT. In general, as wave steepness increases, the wave transmissions decrease. Moreover wave transmission increases as relative freeboard increases. This is due to the fact that higher relative freeboard contains greater wave energy and hard to dissipate. As B/L increases, KT decreases. The effect of relative top crest width is insignificant as the freeboard increases. The transmission coefficient, KT derived from this study can be equated as , valid for certain ranges. This study concludes that WABCORE is capable to dissipate wave energy.
Some new records of katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Yadav Ramesh Singh , Kumar Dharmendra 
Published: April 2020

In the present investigation intensive field surveys were undertaken to explore katydids of Uttar Pradesh. Five species of katydids from four genera, namely, Letana cf. megastridula Ingrisch, 1990, Parasanaa donovani (Donovan, 1834), Sathrophyllia femorata (Fabricius, 1787), S. rugosa (Linnaeus, 1758), and Acanthoprion suspectum (Brunner 1895) were recorded for the first time from Uttar Pradesh, India.
Piroplasmosis in a captive Grant’s Zebra Equus quagga boehmi (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Equidae) - a case study
Authors: Sahu Sarat Kumar , Sahoo Niranjana , Mohanty Bijayendranath , Mohapatra Debabrat 
Published: April 2020

An apparently healthy 2½-year-old male Grant’s Zebra weighing approximately 200kg located at Nandankanan Zoological Park, Odisha, India, procured from Zoological Centre, Tel Aviv- Ramat Gan, Israel during September 2015 was noticed in a sitting position making frequent attempts to get up. The zebra was immobilised the same day with a combination of 1.96mg etorphine hydrochloride, 8.0mg of acepromazine and 40.0mg of xylazine hydrochloride to facilitate diagnosis and treatment. Clinical examinations did not reveal any signs suggestive of disease or disorder of the musculoskeletal system. Microscopic examination of blood smears stained in Giemsa’s stain revealed the presence of intra-erythrocytic inclusions, either single or pairs, suggestive of haemoprotozoans, i.e., B. caballi and/or T. equi. The zebra was administered with two divided doses of imidocarb injection @4.0mg/kg b.wt. deep intramuscularly in the neck region with supportive therapy. Progressive improvement in posture, gait, and appetite were noticed following 24h of medication. Three more doses of imidocarb were administered at 72h intervals, each time after immobilisation.
Comparative phytosociological assessment of three terrestrial ecosystems of Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India
Authors: Chandran M. Vishnu , Gopakumar S. , Mathews Anoopa 
Published: April 2020

Phytosociological studies were conducted in three vegetation types in the WS II area of Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary. In each vegetation type, 85 quadrats (10 x 10 m) were laid to quantify the vegetation. Natural forest showed comparatively higher species richness than plantation and vayal (swamps/low lying grassland). In natural forest 96 plant species were present while it was 70 and 66 respectively in plantation and vayal. Fabaceae was the dominant family in all the three vegetation types. The natural forest was dominated by Chromolaena odorata, followed by Lantana camara, Mimosa pudica, Terminalia elliptica, Glycosmis pentaphylla. In the plantations, Chromolaena odorata, Tectona grandis, Mimosa pudica and Glycosmis pentaphylla showed dominance. The vayal was dominated by Arundinella leptochloa. The second most dominant species in the vayal was Chromolaena odorata. Other dominant species were Kyllinga nemoralis and Sporobolus tenuissimus. Among the three, vayal recorded the highest Simpson Diversity Index. The highest Berger-Parker Dominance Index value in plantation indicates the presence of dominant species. Natural forests recorded highest Margalef Richness Index and the least was in vayal. The highest Pielou’s Wiener Equitability Index in vayal indicated all species are evenly distributed.
Avifaunal diversity of some selected water bodies of Khanapur Taluka, Belagavi District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Neelgund Harsha D. , Kadadevaru Girish 
Published: April 2020

An observation on avian species composition, density, and diversity was carried out at three selected water bodies of Khanapur Taluka, Belagavi District, for a period of 11 months in 2014. During the study, a total of 28 species belonging to 12 families from five orders were recorded. Of these, Ciconiiformes was represented by seven families followed by Coraciiformes by two families while Anseriformes, Charadriiformes and Gruiformes were represented by one family each. Among the three water bodies studied, maximum species composition (26 species) was recorded from Nandgad pond which also hosts Lesser Adjutant Stork and Wooly-necked Stork categorized as ‘Vulnerable’ and Painted Stork, River Tern and Oriental White Ibis as ‘Near Threatened’ by the IUCN Red List. Bidi Minor Irrigation Tank stands second with 17 species while the minimum was recorded at Hebbal Minor Irrigation Tank with 11 species. Based on our observation, a smaller habitat with habitat heterogeneity can attract more assemblages of avifauna and also result in increased species richness and diversity.
Meliola elaeocarpicola sp. nov. (Ascomycetes, Meliolales) from Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala State, India
Authors: Mathew Lini K. , Thomas Jacob 
Published: April 2020

During a survey of the foliicolous fungi in the Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats region of Kerala State, India, a new black mildew fungus was collected from the leaves of Elaeocarpus sp. (Elaeocarpaceae). Microscopic examinations of the infected plants revealed that it is an undescribed species of the genus Meliola Fries, and hence, this note.
Community-based study to demonstrate the presence and local perspectives of the Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla in Zhejiang Wuyanling, China
Authors: Li Hongying , Zhang Shusheng , Zhang Ji , Lei Zupei , Zheng Fangdong , Daszak Peter 
Published: April 2020

Illegal hunting and trading of the Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla has pushed this Critically Endangered species close to extinction. While local reports have suggested its continued presence in mainland China, this has not been confirmed by a research group except for a survey of presumed pangolin burrows in 2004. We conducted a six-month field study using infrared camera surveillance and community questionnaire survey in Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve in China, to determine the status of Chinese Pangolins and understand local attitudes towards the conservation of this species. Our study details the first verifiable documentation of two visual records of a Chinese Pangolin in the wild, demonstrating the suitability of pangolin habitat in Wuyanling region, and suggests an increasing awareness and strong willingness in local communities to conserve the Chinese Pangolin.
On the occurrence of Honey Badger Mellivora capensis (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae) in the northern Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Aditya Vikram , Pasul Yogesh , Thyagarajan Ganesh 
Published: April 2020

The Honey Badger or Ratel is a monotypic species of the badger family Mustelidae ranging across Africa and Asia at low densities. There have been no records of their presence and distribution across the Eastern Ghats of India. The present note reports the first camera trap record of the Honey Badger Mellivora capensis Schreber, 1776 from the reserved forests of the northern Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India.