bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Reaction Control of Nucleoside Phosphorolysis
Authors: Kaspar Felix , Giessmann Robert T. , Neubauer Peter , Wagner Anke , Gimpel Matthias 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNucleoside analogs represent a class of important drugs for cancer and antiviral treatments. Nucleoside phosphorylases (NPases) catalyze the phosphorolysis of nucleosides and are widely employed for the synthesis of pentose‐1‐phosphates and nucleoside analogs, which are difficult to access via conventional synthetic methods. However, for the vast majority of nucleosides, it has been observed that either no or incomplete conversion of the starting materials is achieved in NPase‐catalyzed reactions. For some substrates, it has been shown that these reactions are reversible equilibrium reactions that adhere to the law of mass action. In this contribution, we broadly demonstrate that nucleoside phosphorolysis is a thermodynamically controlled endothermic reaction that proceeds to a reaction equilibrium dictated by the substrate‐specific equilibrium constant of phosphorolysis, irrespective of the type or amount of NPase used, as shown by several examples. Furthermore, we explored the temperature‐dependency of nucleoside phosphorolysis equilibrium states and provide the apparent transformed reaction enthalpy and apparent transformed reaction entropy for 24 nucleosides, confirming that these conversions are thermodynamically controlled endothermic reactions. This data allows calculation of the Gibbs free energy and, consequently, the equilibrium constant of phosphorolysis at any given reaction temperature. Overall, our investigations revealed that pyrimidine nucleosides are generally more susceptible to phosphorolysis than purine nucleosides. The data disclosed in this work allow the accurate prediction of phosphorolysis or transglycosylation yields for a range of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and thus serve to empower further research in the field of nucleoside biocatalysis.magnified image
Nanoscopic Insights of Amphiphilic Peptide against the Oligomer Assembly Process to Treat Huntington's Disease
Authors: He Ruei‐Yu , Lai Xiang‐Me , Sun Chia‐Sui , Kung Te‐Shien , Hong Jhu‐Ying , Jheng Yu‐Song , Liao Wei‐Neng , Chen Jen‐Kun , Liao Yung‐Feng , Tu Pang‐Hsien , Huang Joseph Jen‐Tse 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFinding an effective therapeutic regimen is an urgent demand for various neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington's disease (HD). For the difficulties in observing the dynamic aggregation and oligomerization process of mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) in vivo, the evaluation of potential drugs at the molecular protein level is usually restricted. By combing lifetime‐based fluorescence microscopies and biophysical tools, it is showcased that a designed amphiphilic peptide, which targets the mHtt at an early stage, can perturb the oligomer assembly process nanoscopically, suppress the amyloid property of mHtt, conformationally transform the oligomers and/or aggregates of mHtt, and ameliorate mHtt‐induced neurological damage and aggregation in cell and HD mouse models. It is also found that this amphiphilic peptide is able to transport to the brain and rescue the memory deficit through intranasal administration, indicating its targeting specificity in vivo. In summary, a biophotonic platform is provided to investigate the oligomerization/aggregation process in detail that offers insight into the design and effect of a targeted therapeutic agent for Huntington's disease.
Universal Scaling Law for the Size Effect on Superelasticity at the Nanoscale Promotes the Use of Shape‐Memory Alloys in Stretchable Devices
Authors: Fuster Valeria , Gómez‐Cortés José F. , Nó María L. , San Juan Jose M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractShape‐memory alloys (SMAs) are the most stretchable metallic materials thanks to their superelastic behavior associated with the stress‐induced martensitic transformation. This property makes SMAs of potential interest for flexible and wearable electronic technologies, provided that their properties will be retained at small scale. Nanocompression experiments on Cu‐Al‐Be SMA single crystals demonstrate that micro‐ and nanopillars, between 2 µm and 260 nm in diameter, exhibit a reproducible superelastic behavior fully recoverable up to 8% strain, even at the nanoscale. Additionally, these micro‐/nanopillars exhibit a size effect on the critical stress for superelasticity, which dramatically increases for pillars smaller than ≈1 µm in diameter, scaling with a power law of exponent n = −2. The observed size effect agrees with a theoretical model of homogeneous nucleation of martensite at small scale and the universality of this scaling power law for Cu‐based SMAs is proposed. These results open new directions for using SMAs as stretchable conductors and actuating devices in flexible and wearable technologies.
Dissociating Water at n‐Si Photoanodes Partially Covered with Fe Catalysts
Authors: Oh Kiseok , Dorcet Vincent , Fabre Bruno , Loget Gabriel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStable, efficient, and low‐cost photoanodes are urgently required for manufacturing water‐splitting photoelectrochemical cells. Although silicon is a promising photoelectrode substrate, photocorrosion prevents its use in such devices, especially when employed as photoanodes for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, it is shown that Fe nanoparticles (NPs), deposited by cathodic electrodeposition onto n‐Si, can promote hole transfer for the OER. The influence of the surface coverage, the Si structure, as well as the electrolyte are studied here in detail. It is reported that the NP density and the Si structuration drastically affect the photoelectrochemical performance and that the electrolyte influences the stability, allowing operation times as long as 130 h for these inhomogeneously coated photoelectrodes.
Organellomic data sets confirm a cryptic consensus on (unrooted) land‐plant relationships and provide new insights into bryophyte molecular evolution
Authors: Bell David , Lin Qianshi , Gerelle Wesley K. , Joya Steve , Chang Ying , Taylor Z. Nathan , Rothfels Carl J. , Larsson Anders , Villarreal Juan Carlos , Li Fay‐Wei , Pokorny Lisa , Szövényi Péter , Crandall‐Stotler Barbara , DeGironimo Lisa , Floyd Sandra K. , Beerling David J. , Deyholos Michael K. , von Konrat Matt , Ellis Shona , Shaw A. Jonathan , Chen Tao , Wong Gane K.‐S. , Stevenson Dennis W. , Palmer Jeffrey D. , Graham Sean W. 
Published: December 2019

PremisePhylogenetic trees of bryophytes provide important evolutionary context for land plants. However, published inferences of overall embryophyte relationships vary considerably. We performed phylogenomic analyses of bryophytes and relatives using both mitochondrial and plastid gene sets, and investigated bryophyte plastome evolution.MethodsWe employed diverse likelihood‐based analyses to infer large‐scale bryophyte phylogeny for mitochondrial and plastid data sets. We tested for changes in purifying selection in plastid genes of a mycoheterotrophic liverwort (Aneura mirabilis) and a putatively mycoheterotrophic moss (Buxbaumia), and compared 15 bryophyte plastomes for major structural rearrangements.ResultsOverall land‐plant relationships conflict across analyses, generally weakly. However, an underlying (unrooted) four‐taxon tree is consistent across most analyses and published studies. Despite gene coverage patchiness, relationships within mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are largely congruent with previous studies, with plastid results generally better supported. Exclusion of RNA edit sites restores cases of unexpected non‐monophyly to monophyly for Takakia and two hornwort genera. Relaxed purifying selection affects multiple plastid genes in mycoheterotrophic Aneura but not Buxbaumia. Plastid genome structure is nearly invariant across bryophytes, but the tufA locus, presumed lost in embryophytes, is unexpectedly retained in several mosses.ConclusionsA common unrooted tree underlies embryophyte phylogeny, [(liverworts, mosses), (hornworts, vascular plants)]; rooting inconsistency across studies likely reflects substantial distance to algal outgroups. Analyses combining genomic and transcriptomic data may be misled locally for heavily RNA‐edited taxa. The Buxbaumia plastome lacks hallmarks of relaxed selection found in mycoheterotrophic Aneura. Autotrophic bryophyte plastomes, including Buxbaumia, hardly vary in overall structure.
Nur durch eine Lewis‐Base stabilisierte Phosphanylalane und ‐gallane
Authors: Weinhart Michael A. K. , Lisovenko Anna S. , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDie Synthese und Charakterisierung der ersten, nur durch eine Lewis‐Base (LB) stabilisierten Phosphanylalan‐ und ‐galan‐Stammverbindungen wird berichtet. Die dazugehörigen, substituierten Verbindungen wie IDipp⋅GaH2PCy2 (1) (IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐imidazolin‐2‐yliden) wurden durch die Reaktion von LiPCy2 mit IDipp⋅GaH2Cl erhalten. Jedoch wurden die LB‐stabilisierten Stammverbindungen IDipp⋅GaH2PH2 (3) und IDipp⋅AlH2PH2 (4) mittels Salzmetathese von LiPH2⋅DME mit IDipp⋅E′H2Cl (E′=Ga, Al) bzw. mittels H2‐Eliminierungsreaktionen von IDipp⋅E′H3 (E′=Ga, Al) mit PH3 synthetisiert. Die Verbindungen wurden als kristalline Festkörper isoliert und vollständig charakterisiert. Ergänzende DFT‐Rechnungen liefern sowohl Einblicke in die Bildungswege als auch in die Stabilität dieser Verbindungen hinsichtlich ihres Zersetzungsverhaltens.
Synthesis and material properties of elastomeric high molecular weight polycycloacetals derived from diglycerol and meso‐erythritol
Authors: Law Ariah C. , Stankowski Dakota S. , Bomann Blake H. , Suhail Shanzay , Salmon Kyle H. , Paulson Samuel W. , Carney Michael J. , Robertson Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTCopolymerizing glutaraldehyde with tetraols such as diglycerol, meso‐erythritol, and pentaerythritol is particularly effective for forming very high molecular weight polycycloacetals (Mn up to 65,000 g/mol) with elastomeric properties and up to 70% biorenewable content by weight. Altering the tetraol monomer feed ratio provides control over the polycycloacetal's tensile properties. The polymerizations are high‐yielding, readily scalable, and employ commercially available starting materials that are used without further purification. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48780.
Development, characterization, and cross‐amplification of 17 microsatellite markers for Filipendula vulgaris
Authors: Čortan Dijana , Krak Karol , Vít Petr , Mandák Bohumil 
Published: December 2019

PremisePolymorphic microsatellite markers were developed as a tool for genetic investigations of Filipendula vulgaris (Rosaceae) and related species.Methods and ResultsSeventeen new polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for F. vulgaris using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Polymorphism of the 17 loci was tested in three populations. We identified a total of 203 alleles, ranging from four to 19 per locus, with levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.267 to 1.000 and 0.461 to 0.899, respectively. Primers were also tested for cross‐amplification in three related species. Seven loci successfully cross‐amplified in F. camtschatica and F. ulmaria, whereas we detected positive cross‐amplification in only three loci in Geum urbanum.ConclusionsThe newly developed microsatellite primers will serve as useful genetic tools for further population genetic studies on F. vulgaris and related species.
A new strategy proposal to monitor ray fins landings in south‐east Brazil
Authors: Almeida Marques Rebeca , Guimarães Julio Tainá , Sole‐Cava Antonio Mateo , Vianna Marcelo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Statistical fisheries data are usually obtained during landings, through rapid fish classification and their categorization under the trade names given to species or groups of species. However, species classification is often difficult, particularly concerning elasmobranchs whose fins and heads have been removed, leading to labelling errors.
The aim of this paper is to identify the ray species composition landed in south‐east Brazil, providing identification strategies to support a plan for more efficient labelling and management.
Samples were obtained from artisanal fleet landings, between November 2012 and May 2014. For taxonomic identification of whole or processed animals (n = 279, belonging to 10 species), morphological, metric, and molecular techniques were employed. The common name used by fishermen was more related to the location where they lived than the fishing gear used.
Morphometric analyses resulted in pectoral fin to length and weight conversion equations of whole individuals for each species, and 10 variables were found to be diagnostic of each genus.
A genetic identification, based on sequencing of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I, was applied to verify morphological identification. A dichotomous key that allowed ray identification at the species level from pectoral fin morphology was developed. The approach was field tested and deemed adequate, leading to a robust monitoring strategy for estimating the biomass of specific landed rays.
Heparan sulfate in human cutaneous Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles
Authors: García‐Piqueras Jorge , García‐Suárez Olivia , García‐Mesa Yolanda , García‐Fernandez Beatriz , Quirós Luis M. , Cobo Ramón , Martín‐Biedma Benjamin , Feito Jorge , Vega José A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHeparan sulfate proteoglycans are pericellular/cell surface molecules involved in somatosensory axon guidance in the peripheral nervous system. However, the distribution of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of human cutaneous sensory corpuscles is unknown. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays were performed to define the localization of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in human cutaneous Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles using two anti‐heparan sulfate antibodies together with anti‐S100 protein, anti‐PGP9.5, anti‐CD34 (to immunolabel basement membranes, Schwann cells, axon and the intermediate endoneurial layer of Pacinian corpuscles, respectively), anti‐Type IV collagen, and anti‐chondroitin sulfate antibodies. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans were colocalized with Type IV collagen in Meissner's corpuscles and were located in the outer core lamellae and capsule, but not in the inner core or the intermediate layer, in Pacinian corpuscles. Chondroitin sulfate was observed in the intermediate layer of Pacinian corpuscles but was never colocalized with heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The present results strongly suggest that heparan sulfate proteoglycans are associated with the basement membranes of the lamellar cells in Meissner's corpuscles and with the complex outer core capsule in Pacinian corpuscles. The functional significance of these results, if any, remains to be elucidated.
Korrekturfaktoren der Einsturzwahrscheinlichkeit von Brücken
Authors: Proske Dirk , Hostettler Sascha , Friedl Herbert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDas Konzept der Minimierung von Lebenszykluskosten verwendet unter anderem den Parameter der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit. Im Gegensatz zu allen anderen Parametern in diesem Konzept wird ein Zusammenhang zwischen Berechnung (Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit) und Beobachtung (Einsturzhäufigkeiten) in der Literatur häufig verneint. In diesem Beitrag werden basierend auf der Auswertung von Einsturzstatistiken Faktoren zur Korrektur der berechneten Versagenswahrscheinlichkeiten vorgestellt. Diese Faktoren berücksichtigen z. B. den Baustoff, die Art des statischen Systems oder die Brückenart. Diese Informationen liegen in der Regel in den Datenbanken der Infrastrukturbetreiber vor, sodass das Verfahren relativ einfach in bestehende Datenbanken integriert und gleichzeitig für jede Brücke ein realistischer individueller Wert bestimmt werden kann.
Meta‐analysis of clinical trials with competing time‐to‐event endpoints
Authors: Meddis Alessandra , Latouche Aurélien , Zhou Bingqing , Michiels Stefan , Fine Jason 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecommendations for the analysis of competing risks in the context of randomized clinical trials are well established. Meta‐analysis of individual patient data (IPD) is the gold standard for synthesizing evidence for clinical interpretation based on multiple studies. Surprisingly, no formal guidelines have been yet proposed to conduct an IPD meta‐analysis with competing risk endpoints. To fill this gap, this work details (i) how to handle the heterogeneity between trials via a stratified regression model for competing risks and (ii) that the usual metrics of inconsistency to assess heterogeneity can readily be employed. Our proposal is illustrated by the re‐analysis of a recently published meta‐analysis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, aiming at quantifying the benefit of the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy on each competing endpoint.
Identification and circumvention of bottlenecks in CYP21A2‐mediated premedrol production using recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: König Lisa , Brixius‐Anderko Simone , Milhim Mohammed , Tavouli‐Abbas Daniela , Hutter Michael C. , Hannemann Frank , Bernhardt Rita 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSynthetic glucocorticoids such as methylprednisolone are compounds of fundamental interest to the pharmaceutical industry as their modifications within the sterane scaffold lead to higher inflammatory potency and reduced side effects compared with their parent compound cortisol. In methylprednisolone production, the complex chemical hydroxylation of its precursor medrane in position C21 exhibits poor stereo‐ and regioselectivity making the process unprofitable and unsustainable. By contrast, the use of a recombinant E. coli system has recently shown high suitability and efficiency. In this study, we aim to overcome limitations in this biotechnological medrane conversion yielding the essential methylprednisolone‐precursor premedrol by optimizing the CYP21A2‐based whole‐cell system on a laboratory scale. We successfully improved the whole‐cell process in terms of premedrol production by (a) improving the electron supply to CYP21A2; here we use the N‐terminally truncated version of the bovine NADPH‐dependent cytochrome P450 reductase (bCPR−27) and coexpression of microsomal cytochrome b5; (b) enhancing substrate access to the heme by modification of the CYP21A2 substrate access channel; and (c) circumventing substrate inhibition which is presumed to be the main limiting factor of the presented system by developing an improved fed‐batch protocol. By overcoming the presented limitations in whole‐cell biotransformation, we were able to achieve a more than 100% improvement over the next best system under equal conditions resulting in 691 mg·L−1·d−1 premedrol.
‘Momma bear wants to protect’: Vicarious parenting in practitioners working with disturbed and traumatised children
Authors: Fixsen Alison , Ridge Damien , Evans Carys 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPractitioners working with disturbed and neglected children and young people face many practical and personal challenges, including countertransference and secondary trauma reactions. One underexplored area is the practitioner requirement to negotiate with children's parents and to process feelings towards both parents and children. We explore the experiences of female counsellors and psychologists working with children and young adults in the UK mental health care sector, using an inductive thematic analysis. While participants spoke positively about their vocation and satisfaction gained from acting as an agent of change in young people's lives, they also related highly intense emotional work and traumatic accounts, using powerful metaphors to convey the impact of hearing and processing stories, indicating vicarious trauma effects and a strong parental invocation in therapists, including maternal feelings towards some children (‘vicarious parenting’). Some parents were cast as potentially harming a child and obstructing the professional's work. Our paper fleshes out vicarious parenting as a particular form of countertransference.
Example‐based image recoloring in an indoor environment
Authors: Lin Xianxuan , Wang Xun , Li Frederick W. B. , Li Jinyu , Yang Bailin , Zhang Kaili , Wei Tianxiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractColor structure of a home scene image closely relates to the material properties of its local regions. Existing color migration methods typically fail to fully infer the correlation between the coloring of local home scene regions, leading to a local blur problem. In this paper, we propose a color migration framework for home scene images. It picks the coloring from a template image and transforms such coloring to a home scene image through a simple interaction. Our framework comprises three main parts. First, we carry out an interactive segmentation to divide an image into local regions and extract their corresponding colors. Second, we generate a matching color table by sampling the template image according to the color structure of the original home scene image. Finally, we transform colors from the matching color table to the target home scene image with the boundary transition maintained. Experimental results show that our method can effectively transform the coloring of a scene matching with the color composition of a given natural or interior scenery.
Wet milling of deoxynivalenol‐contaminated wheat: Effect on physicochemical properties of starch
Authors: Magallanes López Ana M. , Manthey Frank A. , Simsek Senay 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesDeoxynivalenol (DON) is a water‐soluble mycotoxin that contaminates cereals, causing a negative economic impact on producers. Wet milling is a process that separates plant components based on chemistry (starch, gluten, lipid, and fiber), which can result in profitable products for the ingredients market. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of three laboratory‐scale wet‐milling processes (Martin, medium shear, and high shear) on the extraction and functionality of starch from wheat samples containing DON.FindingsDON concentration in farina (3.0 mg/kg) and semolina (8.8 mg/kg) exceeded the security threshold for human consumption. After wet milling, DON was not detectable in the starch fraction. Starch produced from the medium shear process had significantly (p ≤ .05) lower protein contamination while transition temperatures significantly (p ≤ .05) decreased compared to the other two wet‐milling procedures. Martin process resulted in the method with the greatest starch damage and significantly (p ≤ .05) different thermal and pasting properties when compared to medium and high shear processes.ConclusionsThe three laboratory‐scale wet‐milling processes were effective for obtaining starch free of DON. Depending on the wet‐milling process applied, differences were detected regarding physical damage of the granules, and the proportion of A and B granules which impacted the viscous and thermal properties.Significance and noveltyWet milling provides a valuable alternative for the use of DON‐contaminated grain in the industrial production of wheat starch.
Is anti‐snake venom required for all snakebites: A case report
Authors: Dorji Thinley 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe classification of snakebite is based on clinical examination and laboratory tests. In cases, of suspected hemotoxic snakebite, the anti‐snakebite venom (ASV) is administered based on 20‐minute whole blood clotting time. However, the use of ASV should be guided by the presence of bleeding diathesis along with raised clotting time.
Coronary artery bypass grafting for an octogenarian with R II‐B type with isolated single coronary artery
Authors: Kumagai Motoyuki , Shinoda Eiji , Takehara Makoto , Nishizawa Junichiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe experienced a very rare case of isolated single coronary artery, in which the left main coronary artery passes between the aorta and pulmonary artery. It is the most potentially serious among the coronary artery anomalies, because it has the risk of myocardial infarction and sudden death in young ages.