bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embedding a Planar Hypercoordinate Carbon Atom into a [4n+2] π‐System
Authors: Yañez Osvaldo , Báez‐Grez Rodrigo , Garza Jorge , Pan Sudip , Barroso Jorge , Vásquez‐Espinal Alejandro , Merino Gabriel , Tiznado William 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThrough delicate tuning of the electronic structure, we report herein a rational design of seventeen new putative global minimum energy structures containing a planar tetra‐ or pentacoordinate carbon atom embedded in an aromatic hydrocarbon. These structures are the result of replacing three consecutive hydrogen atoms of an aromatic hydrocarbon by less electronegative groups, forming a multicenter σ‐bond with the planar hypercoordinate carbon atom and participating in the π‐electron delocalization. This strategy that maximizes both mechanical and electronic effects through aromatic architectures can be extended to several molecular combinations to achieve new and diverse compounds containing planar hypercoordinate carbon centers.
Two‐Dimensional MoS2 for Li−S Batteries: Structural Design and Electronic Modulation
Authors: Cao Yiqi , Lin Yan , Wu Jianbo , Huang Xiaohua , Pei Zhibin , Zhou Jianbin , Wang Gongming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets attract great interest for applications in lithium–sulfur (Li−S) batteries, due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which originate from diverse chemical compositions and unique electronic structures. In recent years, many efforts have been devoted to employing MoS2 as a polysulfide immobilizer and catalyst, functional separator, and Li‐metal protection for Li−S batteries through structural design and electronic modulation. A fundamental understanding of the interplay between structural features, electronic properties, and advanced electrochemical performance is crucial for providing valuable insights for the development of Li−S batteries. In this regard, recent advances in Li−S batteries with 2D MoS2 materials are summarized from the perspective of structural design and electronic modulation. Finally, future prospects and remaining challenges of MoS2 for Li−S batteries are highlighted.
Spectrum sensing and communication functionalities verification in cognitive radio
Authors: Nella Anveshkumar , Gandhi Abhay Suresh 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis paper is intended to discuss hardware setup implementation for realizing the spectrum sensing and communication functionalities of a five‐port integrated ultrawideband and narrowband antenna system. The five‐port integrated antenna system consists of one ultrawideband antenna and four narrowband antennas. The ultrawideband antenna is used for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, whereas the four narrowband antennas are used for communication. In order to validate functionalities of the antennas, their spectrum sensing and communication performance is verified using an arbitrary waveform generator, real‐time signal analyzer, and Universal Software Radio Peripheral. The ultrawideband antenna is able to sense the various frequencies transmitted by the arbitrary waveform generator. These transmitted signals from the arbitrary waveform generator are treated as busy spectrum channels in the cognitive radio environment. The narrowband antennas are able to perform communication by transmitting the signals at identified spectrum holes. The sensed signals are observed on a real‐time signal analyzer, and the communication signals are viewed in LabVIEW software for which a real‐time signal reception algorithm is used. This signal reception is performed using Universal Software Radio Peripheral.
Hybrid area exploration–based mobility‐assisted localization with sectored antenna in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Nagaraju Shamanth , V Sreejith , Gudino Lucy J. , Kadam Bhushan V. , C. K. Ramesha , Rodrigues Joseph 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn common practice, sensor nodes are randomly deployed in wireless sensor network (WSN); hence, location information of sensor node is crucial in WSN applications. Localization of sensor nodes performed using a fast area exploration mechanism facilitates precise location‐based sensing and communication. In the proposed localization scheme, the mobile anchor (MA) nodes integrated with localization and directional antenna modules are employed to assist in localizing the static nodes. The use of directional antennas evades trilateration or multilateration techniques for localizing static nodes thereby resulting in lower communication and computational overhead. To facilitate faster area coverage, in this paper, we propose a hybrid of max‐gain and cost‐utility–based frontier (HMF) area exploration method for MA node's mobility. The simulations for the proposed HMF area exploration–based localization scheme are carried out in the Cooja simulator. The paper also proposes additional enhancements to the Cooja simulator to provide directional and sectored antenna support. This additional support allows the user with the flexibility to feed radiation pattern of any antenna obtained either from simulated data of the antenna design simulator, ie, high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) or measured data of the vector network analyzer (VNA). The simulation results show that the proposed localization scheme exhibits minimal delay, energy consumption, and communication overhead compared with other area exploration–based localization schemes. The proof of concept for the proposed localization scheme is implemented using Berkeley motes and customized MA nodes mounted with indigenously designed radio frequency (RF) switch feed network and sectored antenna.
Risk of any hypoglycaemia with newer antihyperglycaemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kamalinia Sanaz , Josse Robert G. , Donio Patrick J. , Leduc Lindsay , Shah Baiju R. , Tobe Sheldon W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesFor patients with type 2 diabetes, newer antihyperglycaemic agents (AHA), including the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP4i), glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) and sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) offer a lower risk of hypoglycaemia relative to sulfonylurea or insulin. However, it is not clear how AHA compare to placebo on risk of any hypoglycaemia. This study evaluates the risk of any and severe hypoglycaemia with AHA and metformin relative to placebo.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted of randomized, placebo‐controlled trials ≥12 weeks in duration. MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched up to April 16, 2019. Studies allowing use of other diabetes medications were excluded. Mantel‐Haenszel risk ratio with 95% confidence intervals were used to pool estimates based on class of AHA and number of concomitant therapies used.PatientsEligible studies enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes ≥18 years of age.Results144 studies met our inclusion criteria. Any hypoglycaemia was not increased with AHA when used as monotherapy (DPP4i (RR 1.12; 95% CI 0.81‐1.56), GLP1RA (1.77; 0.91‐3.46), SGLT2i (1.34; 0.83‐2.15)), or as add‐on to metformin (DPP4i (0.95; 0.67‐1.35), GLP1RA (1.24; 0.80‐1.91), SGLT2i (1.29; 0.91‐1.83)) or as triple therapy (1.13; 0.67‐1.91). However, metformin monotherapy (1.73; 1.02‐2.94) and dual therapy initiation (3.56; 1.79‐7.10) was associated with an increased risk of any hypoglycaemia. Severe hypoglycaemia was rare not increased for any comparisons.ConclusionsMetformin and the simultaneous initiation of dual therapy, but not AHA used alone or as single add‐on combination therapy, was associated with an increased risk of any hypoglycaemia relative to placebo.
Improving risk prediction in heart failure using machine learning
Authors: Adler Eric D. , Voors Adriaan A. , Klein Liviu , Macheret Fima , Braun Oscar O. , Urey Marcus A. , Zhu Wenhong , Sama Iziah , Tadel Matevz , Campagnari Claudio , Greenberg Barry , Yagil Avi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPredicting mortality is important in patients with heart failure (HF). However, current strategies for predicting risk are only modestly successful, likely because they are derived from statistical analysis methods that fail to capture prognostic information in large data sets containing multi‐dimensional interactions.Methods and resultsWe used a machine learning algorithm to capture correlations between patient characteristics and mortality. A model was built by training a boosted decision tree algorithm to relate a subset of the patient data with a very high or very low mortality risk in a cohort of 5822 hospitalized and ambulatory patients with HF. From this model we derived a risk score that accurately discriminated between low and high‐risk of death by identifying eight variables (diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, haemoglobin, white blood cell count, platelets, albumin, and red blood cell distribution width). This risk score had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 and was predictive across the full spectrum of risk. External validation in two separate HF populations gave AUCs of 0.84 and 0.81, which were superior to those obtained with two available risk scores in these same populations.ConclusionsUsing machine learning and readily available variables, we generated and validated a mortality risk score in patients with HF that was more accurate than other risk scores to which it was compared. These results support the use of this machine learning approach for the evaluation of patients with HF and in other settings where predicting risk has been challenging.
CD4+CCR6+ T cells, but not γδ T cells, are important for the IL‐23R‐dependent progression of antigen‐induced inflammatory arthritis in mice
Authors: Razawy Wida , Asmawidjaja Patrick S. , Mus Anne‐Marie , Salioska Nazike , Davelaar Nadine , Kops Nicole , Oukka Mohamed , Alves C. Henrique , Lubberts Erik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIL‐23 plays an important role in the development of arthritis and the IL‐23 receptor (IL‐23R) is expressed on different types of T cells. However, it is not fully clear which IL‐23R+ T cells are critical in driving T cell‐mediated synovitis. We demonstrate, using knock‐in IL‐23R‐GFP reporter (IL‐23RGFP/+) mice, that CD4+CCR6+ T cells and γδ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, express the IL‐23R(GFP). During early arthritis, IL‐23R(GFP)+CD4+CCR6+ T cells, but not IL‐23R(GFP)+ γδ T cells, were present in the inflamed joints. IL‐23RGFP/+ mice were bred as homozygotes to obtain IL‐23RGFP/GFP (IL‐23R deficient/IL‐23R−/−) mice, which express GFP under the IL‐23R promotor. Arthritis progression and joint damage were significantly milder in IL‐23R−/− mice, which revealed less IL‐17A+ cells in their lymphoid tissues. Surprisingly, IL‐23R−/− mice had increased numbers of IL‐23R(GFP)+CD4+CCR6+ and CCR7+CD4+CCR6+ T cells in their spleen compared to WT, and IL‐23 suppressed CCR7 expression in vitro. However, IL‐23R(GFP)+CD4+CCR6+ T cells were present in the synovium of IL‐23R−/− mice at day 4. Finally, adoptive transfer experiments revealed that CD4+CCR6+ T cells and not γδ T cells drive arthritis progression. These data suggest that IL‐23R‐dependent T cell‐mediated synovitis is dependent on CD4+CCR6+ T cells and not on γδ T cells.
CE determination of the thermodynamic pKa values and limiting ionic mobilities of 14 low molecular mass UV absorbing ampholytes for accurate characterization of the pH gradient in carrier ampholytes‐based IEF and its numeric simulation
Authors: Ansorge Martin , Gaš Bohuslav , Boublík Milan , Malý Michal , Šteflová Jana , Hruška Vlastimil , Vigh Gyula 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFourteen low molecular mass UV absorbing ampholytes containing 1 or 2 weakly acidic and 1 or 2 weakly basic functional groups that best satisfy Rilbe's requirement for being good carrier ampholytes (ΔpKa = pKamonoanion ‒ pKamonocation < 2) were selected from a large group of commercially readily available ampholytes in a computational study using two software packages (ChemSketch and SPARC). Their electrophoretic mobilities were measured in 10 mM ionic strength BGEs covering the 2 < pH < 12 range. Using our Debye‐Hückel and Onsager‐Fuoss laws‐based new software, AnglerFish (freeware, https://echmet.natur.cuni.cz/software/download), the effective mobilities were recalculated to zero ionic strength from which the thermodynamic pKa values and limiting ionic mobilities of the ampholytes were directly calculated by Henderson‐Hasselbalch equation‐type nonlinear regression. The tabulated thermodynamic pKa values and limiting ionic mobilities of these ampholytes (pI markers) facilitate both the overall and the narrow‐segment characterization of the pH gradients obtained in IEF in order to mitigate the errors of analyte ampholyte pI assignments caused by the usual (but rarely proven) assumption of pH gradient linearity. These thermodynamic pKa and limiting mobility values also enable the reality‐based numeric simulation of the IEF process using, for example, Simul (freeware, https://echmet.natur.cuni.cz/software/download).
Distinct patterns of bank erosion in a navigable regulated river
Authors: Duró Gonzalo , Crosato Alessandra , Kleinhans Maarten G. , Winkels Timotheus G. , Woolderink Hessel A.G. , Uijttewaal Wim S.J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDistinct bankline patterns appeared after the removal of protection works along a navigable reach of the Meuse River. A series of oblique embayments now dominate the riverine landscape after ten years of bank erosion, but their location and asymmetry cannot be explained yet. This work analyses and integrates field measurements of flow, ship waves, bank composition, bed topography and historical maps to explain the observed patterns along two reaches of the river. An extraordinary low‐water‐level event generated by a ship accident provided the unique opportunity to also analyse the subaqueous bank topography.The results indicate that the formation of oblique embayments arises from the combination of floodplain heterogeneity, structured by scroll‐bar deposits, and the regulation of water levels, resulting in ship‐wave attack at a narrow range of bank elevation for 70% of the time. Substrate erodibility acts on the effectiveness of trees to slow down local bank erosion rates, which is possibly enhanced by a positive feedback between woody roots and cohesive soil. The strong regulation of water levels and the waves generated by the intense ship traffic produce an increasingly long mildly‐sloping terrace at the bank toe and progressively dominate the bank erosion process. This study demonstrates the important role of floodplain and scroll bar formation in shaping later bank erosion, which has implications for predictive numerical models, restoration strategies, and understanding the role of vegetation in bank erosion processes. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Inflation‐growth nexus in developing economies: New empirical evidence from a disaggregated approach
Authors: Ayyoub Muhammad , Wörz Julia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the “inflation‐growth nexus” by considering sectoral growth data of 113 developing economies. Research at the aggregate level yields mostly ambiguous results. Here, we perform a disaggregated analysis of inflation and output growth. For each sector—agriculture, industry, and services—inflation and value‐added sectoral growth, for the period 1981–2015, are considered, and sectoral inflationary spillovers are captured. Empirical analysis reveals that three major sectors of the economy react differently to various impulses of inflation, and the significance of sectoral inflation is evidenced. Inflation is found to be detrimental to the growth of industrial sector only, and when sectoral inflation is accounted for, no significant impact of inflation is found in services and agricultural sectors. The policy relevance for developing economies is that the central banks of these economies must carefully consider the differing consequences of their actions on individual sectors while taking into consideration the value‐added share of each sector in the respective economy.
Inclusive and Consequential by Design: “Futurefying” New Product Development (NPD) Through Vision Concepting
Authors: Winchester Woodrow W. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT“As technology becomes more ubiquitous, it is essential we consider the impacts on people, whether unintended consequences or designs that exclude certain groups or disadvantage them in some way,” states Mark Searle, executive vice president of Arizona State in the New York Times article “Top Universities Join to Push ‘Public Interest Technology’ (Singer 2019).” As such, more inclusive and consequential approaches to New Product Development (NPD) are needed. This article introduces Vision Enabled Design Thinking (V.E.D.T) as a pathway forward. V.E.D.T incorporates the power of futures thinking, engaged through vision concepting, in the creation and evaluation of future‐forward design deliverables and artifacts in catalyzing more inclusive and consequential near‐term design solutions. A case study is also presented that highlights the use of V.E.D.T in the design of more inclusive wearable health technologies. Discussion is also had that advocates for more active systems engineering involvement in developing more inclusive and sustainable NPD practices and processes.
IMPACT OF LONG‐TERM FRESHWATER IRRIGATION ON SOIL FERTILITY
Authors: Nikolskii Yu.N. , Aidarov I.P. , Landeros‐Sanchez C. , Pchyolkin V.V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIrrigation increases agricultural productivity and inevitably affects soil properties. When irrigation water is of a good quality and does not cause soil salinity or sodicity or contamination, and when there is no soil erosion, a gradual increase in soil fertility under irrigation conditions is, as a rule, expected. However, studies in various countries present examples of a gradual decline in soil fertility under long‐term freshwater irrigation due to leaching of organic matter and exchangeable cations. It is known that ploughing and agricultural activities modify natural soil formation processes and soil fertility. Irrigation enhances soil formation processes but also causes soil leaching. This paper presents data on the impact of long‐term freshwater irrigation on soil fertility for different climatic zones of Mexico, assessed by comparing some agrochemical properties of irrigated and non‐irrigated soils. This comparison shows that irrigation generally has a positive effect on soil fertility in arid conditions and a negative effect in semi‐arid, semi‐humid and humid tropical zones. Therefore, when planning and applying irrigation to crops, it is necessary to take into account not only crop water requirements, but also the need to preserve and improve soil fertility. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis of circulating microRNAs in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhong Zhixiong , Wu Heming , Zhong Wei , Zhang Qifeng , Yu Zhikang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveAcute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is the most severe type of coronary atherosclerotic heart diseases. MiRNA is a class of endogenous noncoding small molecule RNA, which plays an important regulatory role in the development of some diseases.MethodsWe examined the miRNA expression profiles in 16 patients with AMI compared with 6 non‐AMI controls using RNA sequencing.ResultsCompared with the miRNA expression profiles of non‐AMI controls, a total of 181 differentially expressed miRNAs were discriminated in AMI patients, of which 96 upregulated miRNAs and 85 downregulated miRNAs. The top ten upregulated miRNAs were as follows: miR‐449a‐5p, miR‐126‐5p, miR‐93‐5p, miR‐199a‐3p, miR‐4454, miR‐6880‐3p, miR‐3135a, miR‐548ad‐5p, miR‐4508, and miR‐556‐5p; while the top ten downregulated were as follows: miR‐6805‐5p, miR‐1228‐5p, miR‐939‐5p, miR‐615‐3p, miR‐6780a‐5p, miR‐6857‐3p, miR‐5088‐55p, miR‐7155‐3p, miR‐184, and miR‐4525. And the qRT‐PCR results of differentially expressed miRNAs showed the same result as high‐throughput sequencing data. For these 181 differentially expressed miRNAs, 19 841 target genes were predicted by GO analysis. The enrichment analysis revealed 2061 involved in biological processes, 353 in molecular function and 303 in cellular components. To identify biological pathways in AMI as compared to non‐AMI, the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were mapped to the classical signal transduction pathway in KEGG, indicating that 214 classes were enriched. ROC analysis showed that the circulating miRNAs had the important value for AMI diagnosis and supported the previous conclusions that circulating miRNAs were effective to diagnose the AMI as a novel biomarker.ConclusionsOur findings require further research to confirm. It may provide a meaningful reference for the diagnosis and treatment of AMI.
Association of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B with increased risk of developing breast cancer
Authors: Seifi Sima , Pouya Farzaneh , Rahmani Mahsa , Mehramiz Mehrane , Rastgar‐Moghadam Azam , Gharib Masoumeh , Rahmani Farzad , Shahidsales Soodabeh , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Khazaei Majid , Dadjoo Parisa , Parvin Seyede Sara , yazdinezhad Yeganeh , Parizadeh Seyed Mohammad Reza , Ferns Gordon A. , Fathi Mehdi , Avan Amir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is a growing body of data reporting the association of genetic alterations in chromosome 9P21 with the risk of developing cancer. In the current study, we studied the association of a genetic variant in CDKN2A/B, rs1333049, with the risk of developing breast cancer. A total of 339 participants with and without breast cancer entered to the study. Genotyping was done by the TaqMan real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method and gene expression analysis was ran by RT‐PCR. Our data showed that the minor allele homozygote in the total population was 10%, whereas for heterozygote was 38%. The dominant genetic model demonstrated that individuals with breast cancer had advanced TNM classification. Moreover, the logistic regression revealed that individuals who had CC/CG genotypes might have an enhanced risk of developing breast cancer when compared to the holders of GG genotype (e.g., OR = 2.8; 95% CI,1.4–5.4; p = .001), after regulated for confounders; age and body mass index. Furthermore, our analysis showed that the CDKN2A/B gene was downregulated in patients (p < .001). We showed a meaningful relationship of CDKN2A/B with the risk of breast cancer, cancer, showing the importance of studies in great sample size and several centers for studying the value of the marker as a risk classification in the management of patients with breast cancer.
Emotional behavior in aquatic organisms? Lessons from crayfish and zebrafish
Authors: de Abreu Murilo S. , Maximino Caio , Banha Filipe , Anastácio Pedro M. , Demin Konstantin A. , Kalueff Allan V. , Soares Marta C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExperimental animal models are a valuable tool to study the neurobiology of emotional behavior and mechanisms underlying human affective disorders. Mounting evidence suggests that various aquatic organisms, including both vertebrate (e.g., zebrafish) and invertebrate (e.g., crayfish) species, may be relevant to study animal emotional response and its deficits. Ideally, model organisms of disease should possess considerable genetic and physiological homology to mammals, display robust behavioral and physiological responses to stress, and should be sensitive to a wide range of drugs known to modulate stress and affective behaviors. Here, we summarize recent findings in the field of zebrafish‐ and crayfish‐based tests of stress, anxiety, aggressiveness and social preference, and discuss further perspectives of using these novel model organisms in translational biological psychiatry. Outlining the remaining questions in this field, we also emphasize the need in further development and a wider use of crayfish and zebrafish models to study the pathogenesis of affective disorders.