bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of LINC00852 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis
Authors: Yi Shengming , Li Guiyuan , Sun Biaofeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimLong noncoding RNAs play a key role in the development and progression of various human cancers. Recently, LINC00852 has been reported to be associated with spinal metastasis lung adenocarcinoma. However, the role and potential mechanisms of LINC00852 in prostate cancer cells remain largely unknown.MethodsLINC00852 expression in prostate cancer cells was examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to detect protein expressions in prostate cancer cells. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. Cell proliferation was measured by cck‐8 assay. The migration and invasion capabilities were determined using transwell assays.ResultsIn this study, we found that LINC00852 was highly expressed in prostate cancer tissues based on the TCGA database. Overexpression of LINC00852 mediated by lentivirus significantly reinforced the proliferation and colony formation abilities of prostate cancer cell linePC3. The migration and invasion capabilities were also augmented by overexpression of LINC00852. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that LINC00852 overexpression resulted in a decrease of cells in G0/G1 phase. Moreover, overexpression of LINC00852 affected the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition‐related proteins.ConclusionsOur data collectively demonstrate that LINC00852 contributes to prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis, indicating that LINC00852is a new promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for treatment of prostate cancer.
Noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques for the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases
Authors: Baumann Ralf , Untersmayr Eva , Zissler Ulrich M. , Eyerich Stefanie , Adcock Ian M. , Brockow Knut , Biedermann Tilo , Ollert Markus , Chaker Adam M. , Pfaar Oliver , Garn Holger , Thwaites Ryan S. , Togias Alkis , Kowalski Marek L. , Hansel Trevor T. , Jakwerth Constanze A. , Schmidt‐Weber Carsten B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAllergic diseases of the (upper and lower) airways, the skin and the gastrointestinal tract, are on the rise, resulting in impaired quality of life, decreased productivity, and increased healthcare costs. As allergic diseases are mostly tissue‐specific, local sampling methods for respective biomarkers offer the potential for increased sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, local sampling using noninvasive or minimally invasive methods can be cost‐effective and well tolerated, which may even be suitable for primary or home care sampling. Non‐ or minimally invasive local sampling and diagnostics may enable a more thorough endotyping, may help to avoid under‐ or overdiagnosis, and may provide the possibility to approach precision prevention, due to early diagnosis of these local diseases even before they get systemically manifested and detectable. At the same time, dried blood samples may help to facilitate minimal‐invasive primary or home care sampling for classical systemic diagnostic approaches. This EAACI position paper contains a thorough review of the various technologies in allergy diagnosis available on the market, which analytes or biomarkers are employed, and which samples or matrices can be used. Based on this assessment, EAACI position is to drive these developments to efficiently identify allergy and possibly later also viral epidemics and take advantage of comprehensive knowledge to initiate preventions and treatments.
Immunological imprint of COVID‐19 on human peripheral blood leukocyte populations
Authors: Kratzer Bernhard , Trapin Doris , Ettel Paul , Körmöczi Ulrike , Rottal Arno , Tuppy Friedrich , Feichter Melanie , Gattinger Pia , Borochova Kristina , Dorofeeva Yulia , Tulaeva Inna , Weber Milena , Grabmeier‐Pfistershammer Katharina , Tauber Peter A. , Gerdov Marika , Mühl Bernhard , Perkmann Thomas , Fae Ingrid , Wenda Sabine , Führer Harald , Henning Rainer , Valenta Rudolf , Pickl Winfried F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSARS‐CoV‐2 has triggered a pandemic that is now claiming many lives. Several studies have investigated cellular immune responses in COVID‐19‐infected patients during disease but little is known regarding a possible protracted impact of COVID‐19 on the adaptive and innate immune system in COVID‐19 convalescent patients.MethodsWe used multiparametric flow cytometry to analyze whole peripheral blood samples and determined SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibody levels against the S‐protein, its RBD‐subunit, and viral nucleocapsid in a cohort of COVID‐19 convalescent patients who had mild disease ~10 weeks after infection (n = 109) and healthy control subjects (n = 98). Furthermore, we correlated immunological changes with clinical and demographic parameters.ResultsEven ten weeks after disease COVID‐19 convalescent patients had fewer neutrophils, while their cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were activated, reflected as higher HLA‐DR and CD38 expression. Multiparametric regression analyses showed that in COVID‐19‐infected patients both CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ effector memory cells were higher, while CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells were lower. In addition, both transitional B cell and plasmablast levels were significantly elevated in COVID‐19‐infected patients. Fever (duration, level) correlated with numbers of central memory CD4+ T cells and anti‐S and anti‐RBD, but not anti‐NC antibody levels. Moreover, a “young immunological age” as determined by numbers of CD3+CD45RA+CD62L+CD31+ recent thymic emigrants was associated with a loss of sense of taste and/or smell.ConclusionAcute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection leaves protracted beneficial (ie, activation of T cells) and potentially harmful (ie, reduction of neutrophils) imprints in the cellular immune system in addition to induction of specific antibody responses.
Association between ureteric stent dwell time and urinary tract infection
Authors: Hanna Bishoy , Zhuo Kevin , Chalasani Venu , Vass Justin , Rasiah Krishan , Wines Michael , Vaux Kenneth , Chung Amanda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundUreteric stone obstruction commonly presents to the emergency department, with definitive management often involving ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy. Insertion of a ureteric stent prior to staged lithotripsy is commonly performed in the public healthcare system. Foreign bodies in the urinary tract are also known to increase urinary tract infection (UTI) risk. This study aims to evaluate the association between stent dwell time and UTI prior to lithotripsy.MethodsThe medical records of all patients who were treated for ureteric stones with initial stent insertion and staged lithotripsy, from 1 January 2018 to 30 June 2019 at a single tertiary centre, by eight urologists were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic features, disease factors and urine culture data were collected and analysed.ResultsOf the 172 patients (median age 56.7 years) identified, one‐third had a positive pre‐stent urine culture. Twenty‐three percent had a positive pre‐lithotripsy urine culture with 38% of females compared with 15% of males having a positive culture (P = 0.001). Only 4.3% of patients had a pre‐lithotripsy UTI when the stent dwell time was less than 1 month compared with 26.2% when ureteric stents were in situ for longer than 1 month (P = 0.021). The correlation between ureteric stent dwell time and pre‐lithotripsy UTI was not linear. Patient comorbidities, stone size, burden and location were not statistically correlated to pre‐lithotripsy UTI.ConclusionIn delayed two‐staged surgical management of acute urolithiasis, optimal ureteric stent dwell time is less than 1 month to reduce pre‐lithotripsy UTI. Female gender is an independent risk factor for pre‐lithotripsy UTI.
Diagnostic and perinatal outcomes in consanguineous couples with a structural fetal anomaly: A cohort study
Authors: Mone Fionnuala , Doyle Samantha , Ahmad Asfa , Abu Subieh Hala , Hamilton Susan , Allen Stephanie , Marton Tamas , Williams Denise , Kilby Mark D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionConsanguineous unions occur when a couple are related outside marriage and is associated with adverse genetic and perinatal outcomes for affected offspring. The objectives of this study were to evaluate: (i) background characteristics, (ii) uptake of prenatal and postnatal investigation and (iii) diagnostic outcomes of UK consanguineous couples presenting with a fetal structural anomaly.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective and partly prospective cohort study comparing consanguineous (n = 62) and non‐consanguineous (n = 218) pregnancies with current or previous fetal structural anomalies reviewed in a UK prenatal genetic clinic from 2008 to 2019. Outcomes were compared using odds ratios (OR).ResultsMost consanguineous couples were of Pakistani ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] 29, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 13‐62) and required use of an interpreter [OR 9, 95% CI 4‐20). In the consanguineous group, the uptake of prenatal invasive testing was lower (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2‐0.7) and the number declining follow up was greater (OR 10, 95% CI 3‐34) than in the non‐consanguineous group. This likely explained the lower proportion of consanguineous couples where a final definitive unifying diagnosis to explain the fetal structural anomalies was reached (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2‐0.6). When a diagnosis was obtained in this group, it was always postnatal and most often using genomic sequencing technologies (OR 6, 95% CI 1‐27). The risk of perinatal death was greater (OR 3, 95% CI 1‐6) in the consanguineous group, as was the risk of fetal structural anomaly recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy (OR 4, 95% CI 1‐13). There was no difference in the uptake of perinatal autopsy or termination of pregnancy between groups.ConclusionsConsanguineous couples are a vulnerable group in the prenatal setting. Although adverse perinatal outcomes in this group are more common secondary to congenital anomalies, despite the evolution of genomic sequencing technologies, due to a lower uptake of prenatal testing it is less likely that a unifying diagnosis is obtained and recurrence can occur. There is a need for proactive genetic counseling and education from the multidisciplinary team, addressing language barriers as well as religious and cultural beliefs in an attempt to optimize reproductive options.
The divergent evolution of East Asian welfare states: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore
Authors: Nam Yunmin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExisting regime approaches characterize East Asian welfare states as possessing low levels of government intervention and investment in social welfare. However, democratization in the 1980s changed the socioeconomic structures of East Asian countries––leading them to rethink their welfare commitments. The late 1990s financial crisis and globalization also accelerated the reorganization of their welfare systems. Using the cases of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore, this article examines the diverse pathways of welfare development in this region. East Asian countries adopted more inclusive and redistributive welfare systems during periods of intense inter‐party political competition. On the other hand, amid less political competition, they either retained minimal welfare provisions or retrenched welfare.
Serum concentrations of estriol vary widely after application of vaginal oestriol cream
Authors: te West Nèvine , Day Richard , Graham Garry , Wright Michael , White Christopher , Popovic Gordana , Moore Kate Hilda 
Published: October 2020

AimsThe aim of this study was to establish the pharmacokinetic profile of serum oestriol (E3) concentrations over 24 h following application of vaginal E3in chronic users (>12 weeks of E3use). The interindividual and intraindividual differences before and after E3were examined.MethodsTen women participated. Vaginal cream was omitted for ≥36 h prior to the study days. Blood sampling was performed for E3, oestradiol and oestrone concentrations prior to cream application and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h afterwards. In five women, all samples were repeated on a separate day.ResultsE3was absorbed rapidly in most women. Peak serum E3concentration occurred around 2 h (range 1–5 h). The decline in E3concentrations was also rapid: falling <100 pmol L−1in six out of ten women within 8 h and returning to ≤ 10 pmol L−1at 24 h in nine out of the ten patients. Interindividual variability for peak concentrations was considerable (mean 546 pmol L−1; 95% CI 349–743). Area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) values over a dosage interval also varied widely: mean 2145 pmol.h L−1; 95% CI 1422–3233. However, repeated measurements in the same woman were highly (peaks: ρ = 0.94) or moderately (AUC:P= 0.74) correlated.ConclusionsPostmenopausal E3concentrations are negligible. Serum E3concentrations of chronic users of E3cream varied greatly; however, concentrations declined rapidly within 8 h, generally reaching ‘postmenopausal’ levels by 24 h. The basis for the variation between subjects needs further elucidation. Additional research is required to establish the safety of topical E3.
Sulpiride intoxication: Case report of a rare intoxication
Authors: Zonneveld Svenja , Gawi Adina , Wilms Erik B. , van Vliet Peter , Westerman Elsbeth M 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntoxications with sulpiride, an antipsychotic, are rare, and only limited literature is available. We describe a successful treatment of a sulpiride intoxication. A 67‐year‐old female, with a history of intentional suicide attempt, was admitted to the emergency department (ED) because of a suspected out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. At presentation, she was haemodynamically unstable, with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 3 and slight prolongation of QTc time. History taken from her husband raised suspicion of a suicide attempt with medication. Consultation of the on‐call pharmacist and performance of a toxicology screening accelerated the diagnosis of a sulpiride intoxication. The patient was intubated because of respiratory insufficiency, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and treated with activated charcoal, laxatives and sodium bicarbonate. The following day, she was extubated with stable haemodynamics and a normalized ECG.Treatment of sulpiride intoxications is mainly symptomatic and consists of supportive care. An important note is the avoidance of antiarrhythmic drugs, except for lidocaine, epinephrine and dopamine, as they might worsen arrhythmia and hypotension.
Isoform‐specific upregulation of FynT kinase expression is associated with tauopathy and glial activation in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementias
Authors: Low Clara Y. B. , Lee Jasinda H. , Lim Frances T. W. , Lee Chingli , Ballard Clive , Francis Paul T. , Lai Mitchell K. P. , Tan Michelle G. K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCumulative data suggest the involvement of Fyn tyrosine kinase in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, our group has shown increased immunoreactivities of the FynT isoform in AD neocortex (with no change in the alternatively spliced FynB isoform) which associated with neurofibrillary degeneration and reactive astrogliosis. Since both the aforementioned neuropathological features are also variably found in Lewy Body dementias (LBD), we investigated potential perturbations of Fyn expression in the post‐mortem neocortex of patients with AD, as well as those diagnosed as having one of the two main subgroups of LBD: Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We found selective upregulation of FynT expression in AD, PDD, and DLB which also correlated with cognitive impairment. Furthermore, increased FynT expression correlated with hallmark neuropathological lesions, soluble β‐amyloid, and phosphorylated tau, as well as markers of microglia and astrocyte activation. In line with the human post‐mortem studies, cortical FynT expression in aged mice transgenic for human P301S tau was upregulated and further correlated with accumulation of aggregated phosphorylated tau as well as with microglial and astrocytic markers. Our findings provide further evidence for the involvement of FynT in neurodegenerative dementias, likely via effects on tauopathy and neuroinflammation.
Wolbachiahost shifts: routes, mechanisms, constraints and evolutionary consequences
Authors: Sanaei Ehsan , Charlat Sylvain , Engelstädter Jan 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTWolbachiais one of the most abundant endosymbionts on earth, with a wide distribution especially in arthropods. Effective maternal transmission and the induction of various phenotypes in their hosts are two key features of this bacterium. Here, we review our current understanding of another central aspect ofWolbachia's success: their ability to switch from one host species to another. We build on the proposal thatWolbachiahost shifts occur in four main steps: (i) physical transfer to a new species; (ii) proliferation within that host; (iii) successful maternal transmission; and (iv) spread within the host species. Host shift can fail at each of these steps, and the likelihood of ultimate success is influenced by many factors. Some stem from traits ofWolbachia(different strains have different abilities for host switching), others on host features such as genetic resemblance (e.g. host shifting is likely to be easier between closely related species), ecological connections (the donor and recipient host need to interact), or the resident microbiota. Host shifts have enabledWolbachiato reach its enormous current incidence and global distribution among arthropods in an epidemiological process shaped by loss and acquisition events across host species. The ability ofWolbachiato transfer between species also forms the basis of ongoing endeavours to control pests and disease vectors, following artificial introduction into uninfected hosts such as mosquitoes. Throughout, we emphasise the many knowledge gaps in our understanding ofWolbachiahost shifts, and question the effectiveness of current methodology to detect these events. We conclude by discussing an apparent paradox: how canWolbachiamaintain its ability to undergo host shifts given that its biology seems dominated by vertical transmission?
Primate life history, social dynamics, ecology, and conservation: Contributions from long‐term research in Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Melin Amanda D. , Hogan Jeremy D. , Campos Fernando A. , Wikberg Eva , King‐Bailey Gillian , Webb Shasta , Kalbitzer Urs , Asensio Norberto , Murillo‐Chacon Evin , Cheves Hernandez Saul , Guadamuz Chavarria Adrian , Schaffner Colleen M. , Kawamura Shoji , Aureli Filippo , Fedigan Linda , Jack Katharine M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearch on non‐human primates in the endangered tropical dry forest of Sector Santa Rosa (SSR), Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), was launched in 1983 and is now one of the longest running studies of primates globally. Such continuous study provides a rare opportunity to ask questions that are only answerable through decades‐long monitoring of these long‐lived monkeys. In turn, the mounting data generated by long‐term study, including knowledge of lifetime reproductive success, familial relatedness, comprehensive behavioral and dietary repertoires, and patterns of inter‐ and intra‐annual variation in forest productivity, provide diverse opportunities to researchers, and facilitate studies that are of shorter duration. Here, we review some of the contributions of our longitudinal research on white‐faced capuchins and Geoffroy's spider monkeys, together with newer studies on mantled howler monkeys. We begin by synthesizing findings from our research on demography, dispersal, social relationships, and reproduction. These life history and social traits interact with their foraging and sensory ecology, which we review next. We end by highlighting how the longitudinal study of primates in Sector Santa Rosa has made direct and indirect contributions to the conservation of the critically endangered dry forest biome and its inhabitants, as well as to education, community, and forest restoration initiatives. In particular, we focus our review on how long‐term research is uniquely positioned to make key contributions spanning different topical areas.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Adolescents’ Prosocial Behaviors Through a Multidimensional and Multicultural Lens
Authors: Carlo Gustavo , Padilla‐Walker Laura 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe study of prosocial behaviors—actions that benefit others—continues to evolve in sophisticated ways. Such actions are important for understanding moral development, as well as health and behavioral well‐being, and have implications for addressing societal and global challenges (e.g., hate crimes, cooperation, peace). In this article, we briefly summarize research on prosocial behaviors during adolescence, a period of age‐related changes in these actions that is considered important in the development of moral identity. We review work that conceptualizes these behaviors as global and unidimensional, and present the limits of these early conceptions. We also present a heuristic model that supports a multidimensional approach integrating target, context, motives, culture, and development, and we summarize evidence for the model (with a focus on U.S. Latino/a youth). We assert that a more nuanced approach to the study of prosocial behaviors positions scholars to understand prosocial development more thoroughly and develop effective intervention efforts designed to foster such desirable qualities.
Th22 response induced byMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains is closely related to severity of pulmonary lesions and bacillary load in patients with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Imperiale B R , García A , Minotti A , González Montaner P , Moracho L , Morcillo N S , Palmero D J , del Carmen Sasiain M , de la Barrera S 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe role of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in the pathogenesis or tissue repair in human tuberculosis (TB) remains to be established. Here, we aimed to explore the ex-vivo and in-vitro T helper 22 (Th22) response in TB patients and healthy donors (HD) induced by different local multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Mvcobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains. For this purpose, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from drug-susceptible (S-TB) MDR-TB patients and HD were stimulated with local MDR strains and the laboratory strain H37Rv. IL-22 and IL-17 expression and senescent status were assessed in CD4+ and CD8+ cells by flow cytometry, while IL-22 amount was measured in plasma and culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found lower IL-22 amounts in plasma from TB patients than HD, together with a decrease in the number of circulating T cells expressing IL-22. In a similar manner, all Mtb strains enhanced IL-22 secretion and expanded IL-22+ cells within CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, being the highest levels detected in S-TB patients. In MDR-TB, low systemic and Mtb-induced Th22 responses associated with high sputum bacillary load and bilateralism of lung lesions, suggesting that Th22 response could be influencing the ability of MDR-TB patients to control bacillary growth and tissue damage. In addition, in MDR-TB patients we observed that the higher the percentage of IL-22+ cells, the lower the proportion of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)+ or CD57+ T cells. Furthermore, the highest proportion of senescent T cells was associated with severe lung lesions and bacillary load. Thus, T cell senescence would markedly influence Th22 response mounted by MDR-TB patients.