bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Chiral π‐Conjugated Polymer Microspheres: Production and Confinement of NLO signal, Detection of Circularly Polarized Light, and Display of Laser‐Triggered NLO Emission Shifts
Authors: Vattikunta Radhika , Annadhasan Mari , Jada Ravi , Prasad Muvva Durga , Mitetelo Nikolai , Zhdanova Karina , Mamonov Evgeniy , Müllen Klaus , Murzina Tatiana , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo chiral π‐conjugated polymers with optical nonlinearity (NLO), abbreviated as R‐ and S‐BP, are prepared by copolymerization of R‐ and S‐6,6'‐dibromo‐2,2'‐diethoxy‐1,1'‐binaphthyl with 1,4‐diethynyl‐2,5‐bis(octyloxy)benzene by Sonogashira coupling. The R‐ and S‐BP copolymers self‐assemble in a tetrahydrofuran/H2O/ethanol mixture producing microspherical particles. Remarkably, the obtained polymer microspheres support excitation of whispering gallery mode resonances (500–720 nm) in one‐ and two‐photon excited luminescence or two‐photon luminescence (TPL) with a quality factor (Q) of up to ≈700. As a result of a high Q value, a single (R‐ or S‐BP) microsphere displays a circular dichroism (CD) effect in the TPL signal. At high laser pump‐power (≥10 mW), the TPL spectral features of microspheres change significantly, suggesting alterations of the polymer packing. Similar spectral variations are observed for microspheres heated thermally or with high power continuous‐wave laser. Photoluminescence lifetime imaging microscopy down to the single microsphere level corroborate transformations of polymer packing from a J type to a mixture of J, H, and H‐like (with disordered side chains) types. This work demonstrates the tremendous potential of tailor‐made chiral polymer microspheres exhibiting multifunctional properties, such as i) light‐confinement, ii) NLO‐CD, and iii) laser‐driven optical emission shifts, useful for many optoelectronic and photonic device applications.
Structure Ligation Relationship of Amino Acids for the Selective Indole C−H Arylation Reaction: L‐Aspartic acid as Sustainable Alternative of Phosphine Ligands
Authors: Lokhande† Shyam Kumar , Vaidya† Gargi Nikhil , Satpute Dinesh Parshuram , Venkatesh Ashwini , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Structure Ligation Relationship (SLR) of free amino acids (AAs) under Pd‐catalysis were examined for the chemo‐ and regio‐selective indole C−H arylation reactions. While the majority of AAs were minor or ineffective, the L‐aspartic acid (L‐Asp) stands out promising to deliver high‐value C3‐arylated indoles with excellent chemo‐ (C vs N) and regioselectivity (C3 vs C2) with high functional group tolerance. Thus, the protocol offers a cost‐effective and sustainable alternative of phosphine‐based ligands for the indole C3−H arylation reactions. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggested the simultaneous involvement of −NH2, α‐CO2H, and β‐CO2H functionalities of L‐Asp and found critical for its ligation efficiency. The developed catalytic system was compatible with the tandem decarboxylation/arylation procedure for the chemoselective synthesis of 3‐aryl indoles.magnified image
Dopamine Semiquinone Radical Doped PEDOT:PSS: Enhanced Conductivity, Work Function and Performance in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zeng Miao , Wang Xiaojing , Ma Ruijie , Zhu Weiya , Li Yuan , Chen Zhongxin , Zhou Jiawen , Li Wenqiang , Liu Tao , He Zhicai , Yan He , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been is applied as hole transport material in organic electronic devices for more than 20 years. However, the redundant sulfonic acid group of PEDOT:PSS has often been overlooked. Herein, PEDOT:PSS‐DA is prepared via a facile doping of PEDOT:PSS with dopamine hydrochloride (DA·HCl) which reacts with the redundant sulfonic acid of PSS. The PEDOT:PSS‐DA film exhibits enhanced work function and conductivity compared to those of PEDOT:PSS. PEDOT:PSS‐DA‐based devices show a power conversion efficiency of 16.55% which is the highest in organic solar cells (OSCs) with (poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4‐fluorothiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithio‐phene))‐co‐(1,3‐di(5‐thiophene‐2‐yl)‐5,7‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione))] (PM6):(2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2′′,3′:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile) (Y6) as the active layer. Furthermore, PEDOT:PSS‐DA also exhibits enhanced performance in three other donor/acceptor systems, exhibiting high compatibility in OSCs. This work demonstrates that doping PEDOT:PSS with various amino derivatives is a potentially efficient strategy to enhance the performance of PEDOT:PSS in organic electronic devices.
Spontaneous Atomic Ruthenium Doping in Mo2CTX MXene Defects Enhances Electrocatalytic Activity for the Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Peng Wei , Luo Min , Xu Xiandong , Jiang Kang , Peng Ming , Chen Dechao , Chan Ting‐Shan , Tan Yongwen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) process usually suffers extremely low Faradaic efficiency and ammonia yields due to sluggish NN dissociation. Herein, single‐atomic ruthenium modified Mo2CTX MXene nanosheets as an efficient electrocatalyst for nitrogen fixation at ambient conditions are reported. The catalyst achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 25.77% and ammonia yield rate of 40.57 µg h−1 mg−1 at ‐0.3 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.5 m K2SO4 solution. Operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy studies and density functional theory calculations reveal that single‐atomic Ru anchored on MXene nanosheets act as important electron back‐donation centers for N2 activation, which can not only promote nitrogen adsorption and activation behavior of the catalyst, but also lower the thermodynamic energy barrier of the first hydrogenation step. This work opens up a promising avenue to manipulate catalytic performance of electrocatalysts utilizing an atomic‐level engineering strategy.
Synthesis of3,13‐diglycidyloxypropyloctaphenyldouble‐decker polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and the thermal reaction properties with thermosetting phenol‐formaldehyde resin
Authors: Niu Zhaoqi , Tian Dan , Yan Long , Ma Xiaoyan , Zhang Chengshuang , Hou Xiao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract3,13‐Diglycidyloxypropyloctaphenyl double‐decker silsesquioxane (EP‐DDSQ) was synthesized by process of alkaline hydrolysis condensation of phenyltrimethoxysilane and corner capping reaction of methyldichlorosilane, followed by hydrosilylation with allyl glycidyl ether, and the resultant structure was confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), respectively. The thermosetting phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) resin was then modified by EP‐DDSQ, and the reactivity of PF resin with EP‐DDSQ and thermal pyrolysis of modified cured resin were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The surface morphologies of modified resins at high temperature were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and chemical structure of modified resins was analyzed through X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The results showed that the appropriate addition of EP‐DDSQ did not affect the curing temperature of the PF resin itself, but could improve the heat resistance of the system. When the amount of EP‐DDSQ added was 10%, the initial degradation temperature of PF resin was increased by 49.31°C, and when the amount of EP‐DDSQ added was 16%, the char yield of which was reached up to 61.39%, compared with that of pure PF resin (TGA1,000°Cof 57.62%) at Ar atmosphere. More importantly, the modified resin formed a regular and dense layer of SiC and SiOxceramic on the surface after ablation in the muffle furnace at 800°C air atmosphere, which is very important for ablative resistant materials.
Blue Light‐promoted Carbene Transfer Reactions of Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Xu Yingying , Lv Guanghui , Yan Kaichuan , He Hua , Li Jianglian , Luo Yi , Lai Ruizhi , Hai Li , Wu Yong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetal‐free photochemical carbene‐transfer reactions of tosylhydrazones were developed under blue light irradiation at room temperature. This reaction constructs C−X (X=C, N, O, S) bonds and cyclopropanes from readily available and stable starting materials.
Pedagogical devices as children’s social care levers: A study of social care workers’ attitudes towards boarding schools to care for and educate children in need
Authors: Murphy David , Oliver Mary , Pourhabib Sanam , Adkins Michael , Hodgen Jeremy 
Published: May 2020

It has been proposed that boarding schools in England can be used to provide a stable education and care environment for vulnerable children in need, and the government is expanding their use. However, for vulnerable children to be placed in boarding schools, social workers will need to be willing to contemplate boarding as a viable care option. In this study we interviewed N = 21 social care practitioners including directors, senior and middle managers, frontline social workers, social worker‐academics and family support workers who work with vulnerable children. Using thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews, seven major themes identified a range of issues and concerns held by social care workers about placing vulnerable children in boarding schools. We present these themes and consider the issues that will have to be addressed prior to changes in policy and practice. The study concludes that many of those within the social work profession are unlikely to consider boarding as an intervention for children in need. Further research in this area is a matter of urgency.
A rapid HPLC–MS/MS method for determining busulfan in hemolytic samples from children with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Jinjie Yuan , Sun Ning , Zhang Shuyu , Feng Xinying , Chen Xijing , Zhao Di , Zhao Libo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA rapid and sensitive method for the quantitative detection of busulfan (BU) in children's hemolytic samples by HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was established. In this study, the sample preparation procedure involved a one‐step protein precipitation with acetonitrile (ACN) solution, and the HPLC–MS/MS method used Hypersil GOLD C18. The mobile phase consisted of 10 mM ammonium acetate solution (containing 0.1% formic acid) and ACN with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring modes were used for quantitative analysis and the ion pairs of BU and BU‐d8 were m/z 263.9 → 150.9 and 272.0 → 159.0, respectively. BU had a good linearity in the range of 0.01–10 μg mL−1. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative error was between –7.21% and 8.26%, and the coefficient of variation was less than 12.64%. The average extraction recovery rate in plasma samples was 99.76% ± 6.53%, and the matrix in normal plasma and hemolyzed plasma had no significant effect on the detection results. Normal and hemolytic samples could maintain good stability at 4, 25 and –40°C. As a result, this method is particularly suitable for determining BU in hemolytic samples from children with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and this study provides the methodological basis for further research on the pharmacokinetics of BU in children with HSCT.
Rapid and cost‐effective LC–MS/MS method for determination of hydroxycitric acid in plasma: Application in the determination of pharmacokinetics in commercial Garcinia preparations
Authors: Bhutani Priyadeep , U. Rekha , H. N. Shivakumar , Ranjanna Prabhakar K. , Paul Atish T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGarcinia cambogia is one of the most commonly used anti‐obesity dietary supplements, and hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a major constituent in the commercial preparations of Garcinia. High doses of HCA are often consumed without much awareness of its pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic parameters, and therefore, a complete understanding of its effects is lacking. The first step in understanding these parameters is the availability of a reliable bioanalytical method. Here, we present the first report on a UPLC–MS/MS method for analysis of HCA in rat plasma after a simplified and cost‐effective protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation of the analytes in the supernatant was achieved using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, where mass parameters were optimized and a rapid 5‐min quantitative assay was developed. The method was highly sensitive, accurate, precise and linear in the concentration range of 10.5–5000 ng/mL (validated according to the United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines). Further, the method was successfully used to describe the pharmacokinetic profile of HCA in rat plasma after the administration of pure HCA and commercial Garcinia preparations.
The μ‐opioid receptor gene A118G polymorphism is associated with insecure attachment in children with disruptive mood regulation disorder and their mothers
Authors: Cimino Silvia , Carola Valeria , Cerniglia Luca , Bussone Silvia , Bevilacqua Arturo , Tambelli Renata 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the μ‐opioid receptor gene, with high expression of the A allele and low expression of the G allele, has been associated with emotional/behavioral dysregulation and depressive disorders and is recognized as a mediator of affiliative behavior. No study has thus far investigated this SNP in school‐age children with disruptive mood regulation disorder (DMDD). This study compared a sample of healthy children and their mothers with a sample of children with DMDD and their mothers, evaluating whether insecure attachment and psychopathological symptoms are associated with A allele‐ or G allele‐carrying mothers and children and whether caregiving capacities are associated with A allele‐ or G allele‐carrying mothers.MethodsFor evaluation of their psychopathological symptoms and attachment styles, mothers filled out the CBCL/6‐18, the SCL‐90‐R, and the ECR. To evaluate the types of relationship children were experiencing with their mothers, children filled out the ECR‐revised child version and the PBI. Genotypic analyses were conducted on DNA samples obtained by buccal swabbing from children and mothers.ResultsAn insecure attachment style was more frequent in mothers and children carrying the G allele (G/G + A/G genotypes). In the clinical sample, G allele‐carrying children scored higher than homozygous A/A ones on the subscales of Withdrawal and Conduct Problems. G‐carrying mothers showed higher interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, and paranoid ideation and provided less care than A/A mothers.ConclusionsThis study offers new insights into the associations between the A118G SNP of the μ‐opioid receptor gene and emotional/behavioral functioning, attachment style in children, and psychopathology and caregiving ability in mothers.
Body donation in Italy: Lights and shadows of law No. 10/2020
Authors: Boscolo‐Berto Rafael , Porzionato Andrea , Stecco Carla , Macchi Veronica , De Caro Raffaele 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecently, law No. 10 of February 10, 2020, entitled “Rules regarding the disposition of one's body and post‐mortem tissues for study, training, and scientific research purposes” was introduced in Italy. Although its provisions respond to a constructive subject, some practical issues are evident in the approved text.Materials and MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed by searching online medical and juridical databases to identify publications and Italian law provisions related to body donation programs.ResultsThe updated regulatory framework was outlined and compared to that in force previously, and the following features are discussed: (a) matter of law; (b) donors' information and consent; (c) reference centers and funding, and (d) procedural regulatory details. Several critical issues were detected in the approved wording with respect to teaching/training recipients, the role of university anatomy institutes, family members' exclusion from participating in the donation process in any capacity, the duration of donation, the management of corpses, partial donations, and the compatibility with organ donation. Suggestions are provided to overcome certain operational limitations in implementing the regulation, which is still being drafted to date.ConclusionsThis article shares with the international scientific community the principles and controversies underlying a regulatory innovation introduced in Italy to allow legislative amendments to inadequate provisions of body donation, as well as draw the attention of the entire anatomic community to critical issues if other countries undertake the same legislative reform.
Isolation and Identification of Three New Sterigmatocystin Derivatives from the Fungus Aspergillus versicolor Guided by Molecular Networking Approach
Authors: Han Xiao , Tang Xuli , Luo Xiangchao , Sun Caixia , Liu Kechun , Zhang Yun , Li Pinglin , Li Guoqiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMolecular networking approach was applied for the targeted isolation of new sterigmatocystin derivatives, sterigmatocystins A–C, from the marine sponge‐derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Sterigmatocystin A features a rare 6/6/6/6/5 polycyclic system. The structures of sterigmatocystins A–C, including absolute configurations, were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data and ECD calculations. Sterigmatocystin A showed more stronger promoting angiogenesis activity than the positive control at 1.25 μM level in transgenic fluorescent zebrafish. Sterigmatocystins A–C also exhibited moderate antiviral activity by the inhibition of HSV‐2.
DMBT1 suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in ovarian cancer and enhances sensitivity to cisplatin through galectin‐3/PI3k/Akt pathway
Authors: Ma Nan , Zhao Yuqing 
Published: May 2020

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common gynaecologic malignancies. Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) was considered as a tumour suppressor in multiple cancers, but there have been no systemic profiling studies of DMBT1 in OC until now. The aim of this study is to explore the role and the potential mechanism of DMBT1 in OC. mRNA levels and protein expressions of corresponding genes were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK‐8 assay and cell colony formation. Cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing and transwell assay. The combination between DMBT1 and galectin‐3 was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. We demonstrated that DMBT1 was downregulated in OC cell lines, especially SKOV3 cells. Overexpression of DMBT1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, as well as decreased Matrix Metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and MMP‐7. DMBT1 caused a reduction of cell viability by treatment with cisplatin. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed a combination between DMBT1 and galectin‐3. DMBT1 could decrease the expression of galectin‐3 and inhibit the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT, while overexpression of galectin‐3 reversed this effect. In summary, DMBT1 might inhibit the progression of OC and improve the sensitivity of SKOV3 cells to cisplatin through galectin‐3/PI3K/AKT pathway, giving a new insight into the role of DMBT1 in OC and enriching the potential strategies for OC treatment.Significance of the StudyThe present study focus on the role and the potential mechanism of DMBT1 in ovarian cancer (OC). We demonstrated that DMBT1 might inhibit the progression of ovarian by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion and increased the sensitivity to cisplatin through galectin‐3/PI3K/AKT pathway. The findings ensure the interaction relation between DMBT1 and galectin‐3 in OC, providing a novel biological marker for OC and enriching the potential strategies for OC treatment.
End‐stage renal disease as an independent risk factor for in‐hospital mortality after coronary drug‐eluting stenting: Understanding and modeling the risk
Authors: Dunn Aaron N. , Huded Chetan , Simpfendorfer Conrad , Raymond Russell , Kapadia Samir , Tuzcu E. Murat , Ellis Stephen G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to compare in‐hospital outcomes between patients with and without end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing coronary drug‐eluting stent (DES) placement and to model risk of in‐hospital adverse postpercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) events in ESRD patients.BackgroundThe effect of ESRD on the risk of in‐hospital complications after DES PCI is relatively unclear, as is the ability to prospectively stratify risk in this population.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing first‐time DES between April 1, 2003 and June 30, 2018 at a single tertiary care hospital were included in a prospective registry. Outcomes in those with ESRD were compared to those without ESRD. The primary endpoint was in‐hospital all‐cause mortality; secondary endpoints included in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE)—defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization—and major bleeding. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to identify factors associated with each outcome and to generate risk scores.ResultsAmong 18,134 patients in the study population, 382 (2.1%) had ESRD. ESRD was associated with increased risk of in‐hospital mortality (7.1 vs. 2.9%, p < .001), in‐hospital MACE (6.3 vs. 2.1%, p < .001), and major bleeding (12.0 vs. 2.6%, p < .001). After multivariable risk adjustment, ESRD was independently associated with in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio: 1.83, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–3.23, p = .04) but not MACE or major bleeding. Among patients with ESRD, risks of MACE and major bleeding were successfully modeled (c‐statistics = .72 and .85, respectively).ConclusionsESRD is independently associated with increased risk of in‐hospital mortality after coronary DES. Future studies are necessary to validate risk models derived to identify high‐risk ESRD patients.
Flexible and Epitaxial Metal Oxide Thin Film Growth by Photoreaction Processing for Electrical and Optical Applications
Authors: Tsuchiya Tetsuo , Nakajima Tomohiko , Uzawa Yuko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis review summarizes the use of photoreactions that replace conventional heating processes for growing oxide thin films from chemical solutions. In particular, this review outlines key variables in photoreactions that affect epitaxial and polycrystalline thin film growth, including precursor materials, laser wavelength, laser fluence, and carbon. In addition, the features of the photoreaction process that can be controlled at a low temperature by oxygen non‐stoichiometry are examined. Likewise, functions that are neither achieved by developing a gradient structure nor controlled by a thermal equilibrium reaction are detailed. Two new concepts are presented, known as photoreaction of nanoparticles (PRNP) and photoreaction of a hybrid solutions (PRHS), in which crystal nuclei are pre‐dispersed in a metal–organic compound film. This method has successfully produced flexible phosphor films used as resistor or thermistor electronic components. Finally, thin film growth using different light sources such as flash lamps and femtosecond lasers (fs) is explored.