bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metrics and barycenters for point pattern data
Authors: Müller Raoul , Schuhmacher Dominic , Mateu Jorge 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe introduce the transport–transform and the relative transport–transform metrics between finite point patterns on a general space, which provide a unified framework for earlier point pattern metrics, in particular the generalized spike time and the normalized and unnormalized optimal subpattern assignment metrics. Our main focus is on barycenters, i.e., minimizers of aq-th-order Fréchet functional with respect to these metrics. We present a heuristic algorithm that terminates in a local minimum and is shown to be fast and reliable in a simulation study. The algorithm serves as a general plug-in method that can be applied to point patterns on any state space where an appropriate algorithm for solving the location problem for individual points is available. We present applications to geocoded data of crimes in Euclidean space and on a street network, illustrating that barycenters serve as informative summary statistics. Our work is a first step toward statistical inference in covariate-based models of repeated point pattern observations.
Better off dead: assessment of aquatic disinfectants and thermal shock treatments to prevent the spread of invasive freshwater bivalves
Authors: Coughlan Neil E. , Bradbeer Stephanie J. , Cuthbert Ross N. , Cunningham Eoghan M. , Crane Kate , Potts Stephen , Caffrey Joe M. , Lucy Frances E. , Dunn Alison M. , Davis Eithne , Renals Trevor , Quinn Claire , Dick Jaimie T. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiosecurity protocols designed to prevent further spread of invasive alien species have become a key component of invader management strategies. Yet, the species-specific efficacy of many biosecurity treatments are frequently unclear or unknown. Invasive quagga,Dreissena bugensis, and zebra mussels,D. polymorpha, are a serious threat to freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Here, we examine the effectiveness of immersion (≤ 90 min) within 2% or 4% solutions for two commonly used disinfectants (Virasure® Aquatic and Virkon® Aquatic) to cause mortality of adultDreissenabivalves.Further, we assessed the effectiveness of thermal treatments: steam spray (≥ 100 °C; ≤ 120 s); hot air (− 500 °C; ≤ 60 s); and dry ice exposure (− 78 °C; ≤ 300 g; 15 min). Complete mortality ofD. polymorphawas observed following exposure to both disinfectants for 90 min, at both concentrations. However, high but incomplete mortality (40–90%) was recorded forD. bugensisacross disinfectant treatments. For both species, complete mortality was achieved following 30 s of steam. In addition, 10 s of hot air and 15 min exposure to 300 g of dry ice can both completely killed groups ofD. polymorpha. Overall, although the disinfectants did not cause complete mortality, it appears that relatively brief exposure to thermal treatments could be used to curtail the further spread ofDreissenaspecies.
Intelligent autonomous treatment of bedwetting using non-invasive wearable advanced mechatronics systems and MEMS sensors
Authors: Kuru Kaya , Ansell Darren , Jones Martin , Watkinson Benjamin Jon , Caswell Noreen , Leather Peter , Lancaster Andrew , Sugden Paula , Briggs Eleanor , Davies Carl , Oh Teik Chooi , Bennett Kina , De Goede Christian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPost-void alarm systems to monitor bedwetting in nocturnal enuresis (NE) have been deemed unsatisfactory. The aim of this study is to develop a safe, comfortable and non-invasive pre-void wearable alarm and associated technologies using advanced mechatronics. Each stage of development includes patient and public involvement and engagement (PPI). The early stages of the development involved children with and without NE (and parents) who were tested at a hospital under the supervision of physicians, radiologists, psychologists, and nurses. The readings of the wearable device were simultaneously compared with B-mode images and measurements, acquired from a conventional ultrasound device, and were found to correlate highly. The results showed that determining imminent voiding need is viable using non-invasive sensors. Following on from “proof of concept,” a bespoke advanced mechatronics device has been developed. The device houses custom electronics, an ultrasound system, intelligent software, a user-friendly smartphone application, bedside alarm box, and a dedicated undergarment, along with a self-adhesive gel pad—designed to keep the MEMS sensors aligned with the abdomen. Testing of the device with phantoms and volunteers has been successful in determining bladder volume and associated voiding need. Five miniaturised, and therefore more ergonomic, versions of the device are being developed, with an enabled connection to the cloud platform for location independent control and monitoring. Thereafter, the enhanced device will be tested with children with NE at their homes for 14 weeks, to gain feedback relating to wearability and data collection involving the cloud platform.
Preoperative Upper-GI Endoscopy Prior to Bariatric Surgery: Essential or Optional?
Authors: Moulla Yusef , Lyros Orestis , Mehdorn Matthias , Lange Undine , Hamade Haitham , Thieme Rene , Hoffmeister Albrecht , Feisthammel Jürgen , Blüher Matthias , Jansen-Winkeln Boris , Gockel Ines , Dietrich Arne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The role of preoperative upper-gastrointestinal (GI) gastroscopy has been discussed with controversy in bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of upper-GI pathologies detected via endoscopy prior to bariatric surgery along with their clinical significance for patients’ management.

Material and Methods
In our single center prospectively established database of obese patients, who underwent bariatric surgery from January 2011 to December 2017, we retrospectively analyzed the perioperative endoscopic findings along with their influence on patients’ management.

Results
In total, 636 obese patients with median BMI (body mass index) of 49 kg/m2 [range 31–92] received an upper-GI endoscopy prior to bariatric surgery. Among the surgical procedures, laparoscopic Roux-Y-gastric bypass (72.6%; n = 462) was the most frequent operation. Endoscopically detected pathological conditions were peptic ulcer 3.5% (22/636), Helicobacter pylori (Hp) gastritis 22.4% (143/636), and gastric or duodenal polyps 6.8% (43/636). Reflux esophagitis could be detected in 139/636 patients (21.9%). Barrett’s esophagus (BE) was histologically diagnosed in 95 cases (15.0%), whereas BE was suspected endoscopically in 75 cases (11.3%) only. Esophageal adenocarcinomas were detected in 3 cases (0.5%). Change of the operative strategy due to endoscopically or histologically detected pathologic findings had to be performed in 10 cases (1.6%).

Conclusion
Preoperative upper-GI endoscopy identifies a wide range of abnormal endoscopic findings in obese patients, which may have a significant impact on decision-making, particularly regarding the most suitable bariatric procedure and the appropriate follow-up. Therefore, preoperative upper-GI endoscopy should be considered in all obese patients prior to bariatric procedure.
Advanced Sensing and Human Activity Recognition in Early Intervention and Rehabilitation of Elderly People
Authors: Schrader Lisa , Vargas Toro Agustín , Konietzny Sebastian , Rüping Stefan , Schäpers Barbara , Steinböck Martina , Krewer Carmen , Müller Friedemann , Güttler Jörg , Bock Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAgeing is associated with a decline in physical activity and a decrease in the ability to perform activities of daily living, affecting physical and mental health. Elderly people or patients could be supported by a human activity recognition (HAR) system that monitors their activity patterns and intervenes in case of change in behavior or a critical event has occurred. A HAR system could enable these people to have a more independent life.In our approach, we apply machine learning methods from the field of human activity recognition (HAR) to detect human activities. These algorithmic methods need a large database with structured datasets that contain human activities. Compared to existing data recording procedures for creating HAR datasets, we present a novel approach, since our target group comprises of elderly and diseased people, who do not possess the same physical condition as young and healthy persons.Since our targeted HAR system aims at supporting elderly and diseased people, we focus on daily activities, especially those to which clinical relevance in attributed, like hygiene activities, nutritional activities or lying positions. Therefore, we propose a methodology for capturing data with elderly and diseased people within a hospital under realistic conditions using wearable and ambient sensors. We describe how this approach is first tested with healthy people in a laboratory environment and then transferred to elderly people and patients in a hospital environment.We also describe the implementation of an activity recognition chain (ARC) that is commonly used to analyse human activity data by means of machine learning methods and aims to detect activity patterns. Finally, the results obtained so far are presented and discussed as well as remaining problems that should be addressed in future research.
Membrane-based downhole oil–water separation (DOWS) technology: an alternative to hydrocyclone-based DOWS
Authors: Patel Mohit , Patel Jigarkumar , Pawar Yogendrasingh , Patel Nehal , Shah Manan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProduced water handling has become one of the central concerns for the oil and gas industry today. Produce water (water cut) increases as the field grows old, which brings the additional handling cost to the project. The additional expense could be in terms of lifting cost, treatment, maintenance, tubular scaling, corrosion problems, bacteria, naturally occurring radioactive material and environmental regulations, etc. To address this problem, the hydrocarbon industry developed the downhole oil–water separation (DOWS) technology in the 1990s. In spite of having such cost-effective and environment-friendly solutions, the industry has limited sites using this technique. Thus, there is uttermost need to evaluate the problems in practicality of the current hydrocyclone-based and gravity-based DOWS and find a reliable solution to it. The membrane-based separation methodology represents the coherent solution to robust the downhole separation system that does not require any moveable equipment with advance sensors and mechanical tools. If the reservoir is well characterized and a reliable simulation model is built, it is possible to predict the optimal time for the placement of a specific length of membrane in the well depending on the layer concerned and inclination of the well. Apart from designing the thin and porous hydrophobic and oleophilic membranes, there are plenty of field challenges which have put constraints on the practicality of membrane-based DOWS. The major constraints are durable range of separation pressure, fouling, separation process design, membrane-shear durability. The objective of this study is to present a novel model of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane-based downhole oil–water separation system with its over all functionality and addresses the constraints mentioned above with promising existing working solutions. Moreover, the study also literature reviews and compares the expenditure and maintenance involved in manufacturing, installation, operating and maintenance of system, between the conventional hydrocyclone-based downhole water separation and the proposed (PTFE) membrane-based DOWS.
Design and experiment of energy-saving water injection pump
Authors: Zhao Junyou , Dong Yafei , Fu Jianwei , Zhao Luhao , Zhang Yaning 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn energy-saving water injection pump aimed at high-energy consumption and low efficiency of the traditional water injection pump in the later stages of oilfield exploitation is proposed. The hydraulic pump is used as the main power source to control the movement of the piston through the mechanical reversing valve, thereby driving the plunger to move left and right, supercharging the water in the plunger cylinder. First, the structural parameters of the energy-saving water injection pump were determined. Then, dynamic analysis of the pump parts was carried out. The finite element simulation of the piston cylinder and the plunger cylinder showed that the structural strength meets the requirements. The hydraulic system dynamic simulation showed that the output pressure can reach the predetermined pressure. Finally, a field test was carried out in the Jiangsu Oilfield. The results show that the device can meet the water injection requirements of the oilfield.
Comprehensive investigation of low-salinity waterflooding in sandstone reservoirs
Authors: Snosy M. Fouad , Abu El Ela Mahmoud , El-Banbi Ahmed , Sayyouh Helmy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWaterflooding has been applied for many years as secondary recovery method with no or little regard to the effect of the injected water salinity on oil recovery. However, in the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the effects of changing injected water salinity on reservoir performance. The potential of low-salinity waterflooding (LSWF) has been studied in sandstone reservoirs by numerous core-flooding experiments. These experiments have shown diverse results. This paper aims to investigate the effects of changing water salinity on oil recovery. A comprehensive review and analysis of the results of more than 500 core-flood experiments from published work were investigated to study the effects of several parameters such as clay content, clay type, and temperature on oil recovery. The relation between incremental oil recovery and sodium adsorption ratio SAR, and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) parameters which control clay swelling was illustrated. The analysis of the results revealed that there is an optimum composition and optimum salinity for waterflooding in secondary flooding stage. However, for tertiary flooding stage, the results showed that the controlling factor may be not decreasing the salinity but rather changing the salinity (e.g., either increasing or decreasing) with minor improvement in oil recovery. It was clear also that applying the optimum salinity in the secondary recovery stage is more effective than applying it in the tertiary recovery stage. This study aims to develop important guidelines for screening and designing optimum salinity for waterflooding projects in sandstone reservoirs.
Radiofrequency-Based Devices for Female Genito-Urinary Indications: Position Statements From the European Society of Sexual Medicine
Authors: Romero-Otero Javier , Lauterbach Roy , Aversa Antonio , Serefoglu Ege Can , García-Gómez Borja , Parnhan Arie , Skrodzka Marta , Krychman Michael , Reisman Yacov , Corona Giovanni , Lowenstein Lior 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Radiofrequency (RF)-based treatment has been introduced as an esthetic alternative treatment for various medical indications without the scientific backup of a satisfactory body of evidence. Furthermore, the United States Food and Drug Administration issued a warning regarding the safety of energy-based technologies for indications such as vaginal “rejuvenation," cosmetic vaginal treatment, vaginal conditions related to menopause, and symptoms of urinary incontinence and sexual function on July 30, 2018.

Aim
To perform a thorough review of the existing literature regarding RF-based vaginal devices for the treatment of female genitourinary indications and summarize the evidence available in a few short statements.

Methods
A thorough review of the literature regarding RF treatments for gynecological indications was performed based on several databases. Studies that included at least 15 patients were eligible for analysis.

Main Outcome Measure
Efficacy of RF devices for different genitourinary indications.

Results
Although a high level of heterogeneity of studies poses a serious challenge, the committee reached a decision on several statements related to the use of RF-based devices for genitourinary indications.

Clinical Implications
RF-based vaginal treatments have not been studied thoroughly enough in order to establish decisive recommendations regarding their safety and efficacy.

Strength & Limitations
These position statements have been established by a group of experts. The lack of strong evidence makes it difficult to give decisive recommendations.

Conclusions
Further randomized controlled trials with proper methodology and design are required to establish both benefits and possible harm these treatments may have in both short and long term for all the different indications studied.
ESTABLISHING FILIATION (NASAB) AND THE PLACEMENT OF DESTITUTE CHILDREN INTO NEW FAMILIES: WHAT ROLE DOES THE STATE PLAY?
Authors: Engelcke Dörthe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe article comparatively maps state involvement in the establishment of filiation and the placement of destitute children into new families. It first reports findings from an expert survey that investigates four key areas of state involvement—the legal framework, the role of courts and ministries, guardianship regulations, and financial support and services for destitute children—across fourteen jurisdictions, twelve Muslim-majority countries, and two Muslim-minority countries. Overall, the placement of children into new families remains a sensitive issue because it is linked to different communities “claiming” the child. In principle, the states surveyed do not allow the creation of new families across religious lines. Using Jordan as a case study, the article then focuses on the implications of one particular survey finding: non-Muslims in Muslim-majority countries sometimes cannot have children placed into their homes. This finding is based on qualitative data collected in Jordan on adoption (tabannī) in the Greek Catholic community. The article argues that in settings of legal pluralism, state involvement affects different religious communities in different ways. In Jordan, due to structural factors, the state shapes Islamic family law differently than the family laws applied by Christian communities. This leads to the unequal development of different bodies of religious law and thereby to the unequal treatment of Muslim and Christian citizens.
Food-based indicators are related to iron and iodine deficiencies of mother–toddler dyads during the lean season in northern Ghana
Authors: Kubuga Clement Kubreziga , Kennedy Gina , Song Won O. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFe and iodine deficiencies are among the common forms of nutritional deficiencies globally and cause detrimental effects on mother and child. In developing countries, strategies to address these problems rarely use preventative dietary approaches. This cross-sectional study aims to ascertain whether dietary diversity score (DDS) and dietary patterns (DP) can predict the associated risk (AR) of Fe and iodine deficiencies in mother–toddler dyads during the dry/lean season in northern Ghana. Data were collected from women (15–49 years; n 118) and their toddlers (6–23 months, n 121). Dyads DDS and DP were calculated from their food intake recall. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine whether DDS, DP and socio-demographic factors predict higher odds of Fe and iodine deficiencies in dyads. DDS and DP predicted Fe and iodine deficiencies AR. Compared with DDS ≥4, women with DDS <4 have higher odds of Fe deficiency (ID) (adjusted OR (AOR) 1·82, 95 % CI 1·03, 3·21) and iodine deficiency (AOR 9·73, 95 % CI 3·19, 29·67). Two DP emerged in principal component analyses, ‘rural elites diet’ predicted ID risk in mothers (AOR 8·65, 95 % CI 1·76, 42·39), while ‘indigenous diet’ predicted iodine deficiency risk (AOR 11·41, 95 % CI 1·36, 95·97) in mothers only. The AR of Fe and iodine deficiencies in vulnerable populations may be predicted by diet-based measures in northern Ghana. We recommend further research into DDS and DP to predict Fe and iodine status of mother–toddler dyads in Ghana.
Most meat products have digestible indispensable amino acid scores that are greater than 100, but processing may increase or reduce protein quality
Authors: Bailey Hannah M. , Mathai John K. , Berg Eric P. , Stein Hans H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that meat products have digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) >100 and that various processing methods will increase standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and DIAAS. Nine ileal-cannulated gilts were randomly allotted to a 9 × 8 Youden square design with nine diets and eight 7-d periods. Values for SID of AA and DIAAS for two reference patterns were calculated for salami, bologna, beef jerky, raw ground beef, cooked ground beef and ribeye roast heated to 56, 64 or 72°C. The SID of most AA was not different among salami, bologna, beef jerky and cooked ground beef, but was less (P < 0·05) than the values for raw ground beef. The SID of AA for 56°C ribeye roast was not different from the values for raw ground beef and 72°C ribeye roast, but greater (P < 0·05) than those for 64°C ribeye roast. For older children, adolescents and adults, the DIAAS for all proteins, except cooked ground beef, were >100 and bologna and 64°C ribeye roast had the greatest (P < 0·05) DIAAS. The limiting AA for this age group were sulphur AA (beef jerky), leucine (bologna, raw ground beef and cooked ground beef) and valine (salami and the three ribeye roasts). In conclusion, meat products generally provide high-quality protein with DIAAS >100 regardless of processing. However, overcooking meat may reduce AA digestibility and DIAAS.
Nutritive value and morphological characteristics of Mombaça grass managed with different rotational grazing strategies
Authors: Da Silva S. C. , Bueno A. A. O. , Carnevalli R. A. , Silva G. P. , Chiavegato M. B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLight competition increases and plants’ growth pattern change to optimize light utilization when the leaf area index increases. It has been previously shown that using 95% canopy light interception (LI) as a grazing frequency criterion resulted in a greater proportion of leaves and a lower proportion of stem. The objective of the study was to characterize the forage production, morphological composition and nutritive value ofPanicum maximumcv Mombaça. The experiment was carried out during summer, autumn–winter and spring. Treatments corresponded to combinations of two pre-grazing conditions (95% and maximum LI at pre-grazing; LI95%and LIMax, respectively) and two post-grazing heights (PGHs; 30 and 50 cm). The statistical design was a randomized complete block, with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Swards managed with LI95%had greater proportions of leaves and lower proportions of stems compared to LIMax. Leaf proportion was lower during autumn–winter compared to summer and spring. The LI95%had greater crude protein (CP) and digestibility (IVOMD), and lower acid detergent fibre (ADF) concentrations than LIMax. The 50 cm PGH pastures had greater CP content and IVOMD, and lower ADF content than 30 cm PGH pastures. Lower IVOMD was observed during autumn–winter than summer and spring. The variability observed on morphological characteristics was primarily associated with seasonality, whilst the nutritive value was primarily affected by grazing management. The pre-grazing target of LI95%combined with 50 cm PGH was the combination that resulted in an increased proportion of leaves, decreased stems in basal stratum and the greatest nutritive value of the produced forage.