bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpacking piped water consumption subsidies: Who benefits? New evidence from 10 countries
Authors: Abramovsky Laura , Andrés Luis , Joseph George , Rud Juan Pablo , Sember Germán , Thibert Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper provides new evidence on the recent performance of piped water consumption subsidies in terms of pro-poor targeting for 10 low- and middle-income countries around the world. Our results suggest that in these countries, existing tariff structures fall well short of recovering the costs of service provision, and that, moreover, the resulting subsidies largely fail to achieve the goal of improving the accessibility and affordability of piped water among the poor. Instead, the majority of subsidies in all 10 countries are captured by the richest households. On average, across the 10 low- and middle-income countries examined, 56% of subsidies end up in the pockets of the richest 20%, but only 6% of subsidies find their way to the poorest 20%. This is predominantly due to the most vulnerable segments of the population facing challenges in access and connection to piped water services. Shortcomings in the design of the subsidy, conditional on poor households being connected, exist but are less important.
Molecular Cloning and Structural Insights into Pectin Lyase Proteins from Different Strains of Fusarium
Authors: Yadav Sangeeta , Anand Gautam , Singh Vinay K , Yadav Dinesh 
Published: July 2020

Aim:
Molecular cloning and analysis of Pectin Iyase (PNL) genes from different strains
of Fusarium for structural predictions and docking studies.

Background:
PNLs cleave pectin by β-elimination resulting in the formation of 4,5-unsaturated oligogalacturonates,
without affecting the ester content of the polymer chain and hence maintaining
the specific aroma of fruits. Several PNL lyase genes from Aspergillus and Penicillium have been
cloned, but the molecular biology of that from Fusarium has not been explored.

Objective:
To obtain an insight into the three-dimensional structure of PNL of Fusarium.

Methods:
PCR amplification-based molecular cloning of PNL genes from Fusarium strains, sequencing,
and sequence analysis using bioinformatics tools for homology search, multiple sequence
alignment, motif search, physiochemical characterization, phylogenetic tree construction,
3D structure prediction, and molecular docking were conducted.

Results:
Five PNL genes were cloned from F. oxysporum MTCC1755, F. monoliforme var. subglutinans
MTCC2015, F. avenaceum MTCC10572, and F. solani MTCC3004 using the PCR approach.
Many conserved amino acids were found at several positions in all the PNL proteins. Phylogenetic
analysis of these proteins with other pectinases revealed two major clusters representing
members of lyases and hydrolases. In-silico characterization revealed stable PNL proteins. PNL
proteins from different Fusarium strains were similar in structural features and biochemical properties
owing to their similar primary sequence. Docking studies revealed that electrostatic forces and
van der Waal and hydrogen bonds effectuate the interaction between the ligand and the enzyme. Aspartate,
tyrosine, and tryptophan residues in the active site of the enzyme are responsible for ligand
binding.

Conclusion:
PNL from different Fusarium species show similarity at structural as well as biochemical
level. PNL protein from F. moniliforme and F. solani was similar in properties except for the
variation of single amino acid. Docking studies on the enzyme and different ligands provided an insight
into the interacting residues and forces as well as the suitability of the substrate for catalysis.
Wavelet-Based Multi-Focus Image Fusion Using Average Method Noise Diffusion (AMND)
Authors: Singh Prabhishek , Diwakar Manoj 
Published: July 2020

Aim:
This paper presents a new and upgraded wavelet-based multi-focus image fusion technique using average
method noise diffusion (AMND).

Objective:
Improved visual appearance of the final image, no blurring in the final fused image and clearly visible objects
(fine edges).

Methods:
This method extends the standard wavelet-based image fusion technique on multi-focus images by
incorporating the hybrid of method noise and anisotropic diffusion in it. This hybrid structure of method noise and
anisotropic diffusion is implemented as the post-processing operation in the proposed method.

Results:
The proposed work shows excellent results in terms of visual appearance and edge preservation. The
experimental results of the proposed method are compared with some of the traditional and non-traditional approaches
where the proposed method shows comparatively better results.

Conclusion:
This paper depicts the robustness, effectiveness and adaptive nature of method noise in the field of image
enhancement especially in the field of image fusion. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed qualitatively
(good visual appearance) and quantitatively (entropy, spatial frequency, and standard deviation). This method has the
capability to be incorporated in real-time applications like surveillance in the visual sensor network (VSN).
Concentración de los macronutrientes del suelo en áreas de pastoreo del departamento de Caquetá, Amazonia colombiana
Authors: Zambrano-Yepes Jennifer , Herrera-Valencia Wilmer , Motta-Delgado Pablo Andrés 
Published: July 2020

El establecimiento de ganadería en el noroccidente de la Amazonia colombiana disminuye los macronutrientes en el suelo y afecta los sistemas productivos. El objetivo del estudio fue obtener información de diagnóstico sobre la concentración de los macronutrientes del suelo en lomerío sometidos a pastoreo en nueve municipios del departamento de Caquetá. Se realizaron 463 muestreos de suelo al azar para determinar la concentración en mg/kg de nitrato (N-NO3), fósforo (P), potasio (K), calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg) y azufre (S). Se realizaron análisis de varianza (Anova) y se compararon las medias mediante la prueba de Tukey (p < 0,05). Se evidenció una concentración de N-NO3 con medias de hasta 90,57 mg/kg en San José del Fragua, El Doncello y San Vicente del Caguán, que presentan diferencias estadísticas con respecto a Puerto Rico (18,83 mg/kg) y La Montañita (5,24 mg/kg). La concentración de P en San Vicente del Caguán, Puerto Rico y San José del Fragua tiene una media entre 1,4 mg/kg y 1,8 mg/kg, y presenta diferencias significativas respecto a La Montañita (3,5 mg/kg). La concentración de K, con una media entre 46,9 mg/kg y 74,2 mg/kg, no presentó diferencias significativas entre las localidades. San Vicente del Caguán fue el único municipio que presentó diferencias significativas de Ca (1.000,9 mg/kg) y Mg (226 mg/kg) en relación con los demás. En cuanto a S, se observaron diferencias significativas entre Cartagena del Chairá (2,29 mg/kg) y San José del Fragua (4,29 mg/kg). En conclusión, se evidenció una generalizada baja concentración de macronutrientes en comparación con los valores óptimos de suelos tropicales.
Stories to Communicate Individual Risk for Opioid Prescriptions for Back and Kidney Stone Pain: Protocol for the Life STORRIED Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Meisel Zachary F , Goldberg Erica B , Dolan Abby R , Bansal Esha , Rhodes Karin V , Hess Erik P , Cannuscio Carolyn C , Schapira Marilyn M , Perrone Jeanmarie , Rodgers Melissa A , Zyla Michael M , Bell Jeffrey J , McCollum Sharon , Shofer Frances S 
Published: July 2020

Background
Prescription opioid misuse in the United States is a devastating public health crisis; many chronic opioid users were originally prescribed this class of medication for acute pain. Video narrative–enhanced risk communication may improve patient outcomes, such as knowledge of opioid risk and opioid use behaviors after an episode of acute pain.

Objective
Our objective is to assess the effect of probabilistic and narrative-enhanced opioid risk communication on patient-reported outcomes, including knowledge, opioid use, and patient preferences, for patients who present to emergency departments with back pain and kidney stone pain.

Methods
This is a multisite randomized controlled trial. Patients presenting to the acute care facilities of four geographically and ethnically diverse US hospital centers with acute renal colic pain or musculoskeletal back and/or neck pain are eligible for this randomized controlled trial. A control group of patients receiving general risk information is compared to two intervention groups: one receiving the risk information sheet plus an individualized, visual probabilistic Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) and another receiving the risk information sheet plus a video narrative–enhanced probabilistic ORT. We will study the effect of probabilistic and narrative-enhanced opioid risk communication on the following: risk awareness and recall at 14 days postenrollment, reduced use or preferences for opioids after the emergency department episode, and alignment with patient preference and provider prescription. To assess these outcomes, we administer baseline patient surveys during acute care admission and follow-up surveys at predetermined times during the 3 months after discharge.

Results
A total of 1302 patients were enrolled over 24 months. The mean age of the participants was 40 years (SD 14), 692 out of 1302 (53.15%) were female, 556 out of 1302 (42.70%) were White, 498 out of 1302 (38.25%) were Black, 1002 out of 1302 (76.96%) had back pain, and 334 out of 1302 (25.65%) were at medium or high risk. Demographics and ORT scores were equally distributed across arms.

Conclusions
This study seeks to assess the potential clinical role of narrative-enhanced, risk-informed communication for acute pain management in acute care settings. This paper outlines the protocol used to implement the study and highlights crucial methodological, statistical, and stakeholder involvement as well as dissemination considerations.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03134092; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03134092

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/19496
Mujeres atrateñas, oficios reparadores y espacios de vida
Authors: Quiceno Toro Natalia , Villamizar Gelves Adriana 
Published: July 2020

En el Chocó, los grupos Artesanías Guayacán (municipio de Bojayá) y Artesanías Choibá (municipio de Quibdó) congregan a mujeres negras alrededor de oficios textiles. En estos espacios propios las mujeres narran las experiencias vividas en medio del conflicto armado y crean conocimientos colectivos que les permiten rehacer la vida. En este artículo exponemos las formas en que las prácticas cotidianas agenciadas por estas mujeres atrateñas sostienen la vida en un río disputado por diversos actores políticos, económicos y armados. También mostramos de qué modo sus estrategias y luchas generaron procesos de subjetivación que cambian los lugares usualmente asignados a las mujeres en las comunidades y los procesos organizativos locales, redefiniendo los espacios públicos y domésticos.
Skala TAI-G Untuk Kecemasan Menghadapi Ujian Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Nayu Hasnaa' Zahuna 
Published: July 2020

Anxiety facing exams refers to the student's tendency to understand evaluativ situations where their performance will be assessed, such as high-risk exams, as they are very threatening. The threat here is their self-esteem, fear will be judged negatively by teachers, friends, or parents. The purpose of this research is to seek the validity and reliability of the TAI-G scale. This research uses a quantitative approach. The number of samples of this study was 101 SMA/SMK students in Magelang with an age range of 15-17 years. Sampling in this study used simple random sampling techniques. The results of the analysis show 21 items declared valid with a correlation of item-Total 0.25, 1 invalid item with a total-item correlation of 0.25, and an alpha reliability of 0.907.
PERSEPSI SISWA KELAS XI TERHADAP KEGIATAN MANAJEMEN KELAS OLEH GURU DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN NEGERI (SMKN) 2 PADANG
Authors: Trisia Cici 
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this research is to observe information about student perception for XI class toward the class management activities by teacher at the state vocational school No. 2 Padang. This is description research. The population of research is 418 students and research sample is 81 students that was taken propotional random sampling. The research instrument is questioner by scale model of Likert that has been examined validate and reability. The analysis data by using average formula (mean). The result of this research indicated that student perception for XI class toward the class management activities by teacher at the state vocational school No. 2 Padang is in good category by using average scores 3,69 become 73,70 percant.Key words : perception, class management.
Hubungan Motivasi Kerja dengan Kinerja Guru Taman Kanak Kanak di Kecamatan Padang Utara Kota Padang
Authors: Rahmi Fadhila , Zulminiati Zulminiati 
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the relationship between work motivation and the performance of kindergarten teachers in Padang Utara District, Padang City. The hypothesis in this study proposed is that there is a meaningful relationship between work motivation and the performance of kindergarten teachers in Padang Utara District,Padang City. This type of research correlational with a kuantatif approach,which describes the relationshipof work motivation with the performance of kindergarten teachers in Padang Utara District, Padang City. The population in this study, with 82 teacher who taught in kindergarten in Padang Utara Subdistrict,Padang City,and were sampled in this study,with 43 people taken using the stratified Proposional Random Sampling techninque. The instruments in this study are likert scale model questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reability and the result are valid and reabel. Data were analyzed using Produt Moment correlation formula with SPPS version 17. Based on data analysis,the coefficient of determination of work motivation was obtained at 0,512. The correlation coefficient between work motivation and the performance of kindergarten teachers is 0,715.This means that motivation is 71,5% towards the performance of significant 5% kindergarten teachers. Based of these data it can be concluded work motivation has a positive relationship with the performance of kindergarten teacher in Padang Utara District,Padang City.
The Role of Small-Scale Industries in Achieving the Sustainable Development: the Experience of India
Authors: Galistcheva N. V. 
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the role of small scale industry in India in achieving the sustainable development. The author draws attention to the fact that the small scale industry promotion policy impacts significantly not only on decreasing the unemployment rate as well as long-term and youth unemployment but also on solving such acute social problems as poverty, famine, undernourishment and food insecurity, lack of quality education, gender inequality and the empowerment of women. The author pays attention to the evolution of small business in India in 1950-2010s. It argues convincingly that due to significant number of population as well as low-skilled labor on the one hand and limited financial resources on the other one small business has been considered to be a buffer between modern big business and the bulk of the population remaining outside it. The author considers the effectiveness of the industrial policy through the prism of stimulating small-scale industry and changing its place in the Indian economy. The author examines the activity of the The National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD) which is considered to be the most important institution which looks after the development of the small scale industries. The aim of NABARD was poverty reduction and development assistance (it’s one of the premier agencies providing developmental credit in rural areas). The article presents the definition of small scale industry in India both in terms of employment level and the investment limits as well as statistical data on number of units, its share in industrial production and exports and expansion of small scale sector in 2000-2010s. The author identified main problems facing cottage and small scale industries in India at the present time. The research is based on the systematic approach to the study of national economy using basic methods of scientific knowledge such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis.
Russian Foreign Ministry and the Reorganization of Russian Orthodox Churches Abroad in 1860-s
Authors: Pechatnov V. O. , Pechatnov V. V. 
Published: July 2020

Based on the unearthed documents from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, the article examines an interaction of Russian diplomacy and Russian orthodox churches abroad in the process of their reform in the early 1860-s. This reorganization was undertaken in context of the “Great reforms” of Alexander II and aimed at rationalization of the previous system of subordination of those churches to civil and ecclesiastical authorities in St. Petersburg. The architects of the reform initiated by the Tzar himself sought to create a unified system of subordination and financing of those churches with identical criteria for their personnel, their rights and duties vis-à-vis heads of diplomatic missions. Accordingly, the Russian Foreign Ministry became responsible for their operation and financing while in ecclesiastical matters they were to answer to the Holy Synod. Foreign Ministry and personally Alexander Gorchakov, as demonstrated in the article, played a leading role in the reform preparation and implementation conducted on an inter-agency basis with the Holy Synod, Ministry of the Court and Finance Ministry taking part. The heads of diplomatic missions and of the affiliated churches were also consulted in the process. The authors trace all stages of these complex negotiations that resulted in achieving a balance of interests between all the actors involved. The newly created system proved to be quite efficient and lasted till the end of the Russian empire. The reorganization revealed a state of the churches abroad and their clergy that was a crème of Russian Orthodox Church. The reform experience is also instructive as a case study of Russian government apparatus in action.
A rare phenomenon: blindness in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Singh Devinder , Patel Sitendu Kumar , Miree Roopdas , Pahari Sujit , Sharma Aman 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Acute pancreatitis generally leads to complement activation, which mediates tissue injury and inflammatory cascades. Retinopathy associated with pancreatitis is rare but run a rapid course independent of disease activity leading to vision loss.

Case Presentation:
We present a case of 39-year-old man who had transient blindness associated with acute pancreatitis.

Conclusion:
This a rare presentation associated with pancreatitis which can lead to complete vision loss if left undetected and untreated.
Aktivitas Insektisida Campuran Ekstrak Air Buah Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae) dan Batang Cymbopogon ciratrus (Dc.) Stapf (Poaceae) Terhadap Larva Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Lina Eka Candra , Supriadi Adventus , Yunisman Yunisman , Martinius Martinius 
Published: July 2020

Crocidolomia pavonana is an important pest in Brassicaceae. Botanical insecticides is pest control alternative which meet to eco-friendly manajement. This study aims to determine lethal concentration of single and mixture of water extract of Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) fruit and Cymbopogon cirtatus (Poaceae) stem against Crocidolomia pavonana larvae. The study was conducted in laboratory experiment through preliminary test and advance test using a completely randomized design (CRD). Observations were included to larval mortality, antifeedant effect, and duration of larval development. Bioassay was done against second instar larvae of C. pavonana using leaves immersion method during 48 hours. The results show that LC50 and LC95 value of mixture extract are 2.83% and 5.79% respectively. Based on index combination analysis, P. aduncum and C. citratus mixture extract were antagonistic at LC50 and additive at LC95 . Water extract of P. aduncum and C. citratus were relatively weak to influence feeding activity of C. pavonana larvae (41%). Mixture extract also extend larval development from second instar to third instar around 0.24 days and third instar to fourth instar around 0.97 days.
Cerebrospinal fluid fistula in a patient with chronic constipation related to an autonomic dysfunction and revealed by bacterial meningitis – A case report
Authors: Abboud Hilal , Kharbouch Hanane , Arkha Yasser , Choukri Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula represents a rare neurosurgical entity that can be defined as a communication between the subarachnoid space and nasal fossa or less commonly the ear cavity. It can be spontaneous without an evident etiology or secondary following a skull base surgery or trauma. The early diagnosis of spontaneous forms remains a challenge as clinical signs (e.g., unilateral rhinorrhea) can be absent or neglected by patients and can result in meningitis.

Case Description:
Here, we report the case of a 31-year-old man with chronic constipation complicated by chronic intracranial hypertension, and resulting in rhinorrhea with bacterial meningitis. The etiological assessment of chronic constipation retained an autonomic dysfunction with sympathetic hyperactivity (e.g., pure autonomic failure) as an underlying cause. Beta-2 transferrin testing associated with cerebral magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan confirmed the diagnosis and localization of the fistula at the cribriform plate. The patient underwent an endoscopic endonasal approach with a repair of fistula. He presented with recurrent rhinorrhea 17 months later which required a surgical revision along with CSF diversion with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Conclusion:
Although rare, autonomic dysfunction can result in chronic constipation in young patients, with intermittent or permanent intracranial hypertension, leading to CSF leaks. The early identification and treatment of the underlying etiology may prevent severe complications and improve the management and outcome of CSF fistula patients.
Spinal meningioma in a patient with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gopakumar Sricharan , Daou Marc , Gadot Ron , Ropper Alexander E. , Mandel Jacob 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Multiple brain and spinal tumors have been linked to MS, but a causal relationship between the two has not been determined. Here, we report a case of spinal meningioma in a patient with MS and review literature discussing the possible connection between these two disease entities.

Case Description:
A 58-year-old female with MS presented with a 1-year history of progressively worsening back pain in conjunction with worsening right upper and lower extremity weakness. The patient was diagnosed with MS 19 months prior and had multiple known demyelinating plaques in her cervical spine. New MRI revealed an intradural extramedullary thoracic tumor with characteristics consistent with meningioma. She underwent T6- T8 laminectomies for tumor resection and pathology confirmed the radiological diagnosis. At 3-month follow- up, the patient reported complete resolution of her back pain and persistence of weakness-related gait issues.

Conclusion:
CNS neoplasms including meningioma should be considered in MS patients presenting with newly onset neurological symptoms not entirely consistent with demyelinating disease. Both disease processes should be addressed with appropriate long-term follow-up.