bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of benzathine penicillin G: A multinational cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hand Robert M. , Senarathna S. M. D. K. Ganga , Page‐Sharp Madhu , Gray Katherine , Sika‐Paotonu Dianne , Sheel Meru , Chuang Victor T. G. , Martinez Jorge , Luna Giuseppe , Manning Laurens , Wyber Rosemary , Carapetis Jonathan R. , Batty Kevin T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBenzathine penicillin G (BPG) is used as first‐line treatment for most forms of syphilis and as secondary prophylaxis against rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Perceptions that poor quality of BPG is linked to reported adverse effects and therapeutic failure may impact syphilis and RHD control programs. Clinical networks and web‐based advertising were used to obtain vials of BPG from a wide range of countries. The quality of BPG was assessed using a high performance liquid chromatography assay capable of detecting relevant impurities and degradation products. Tests for water content, presence of heavy metals and physical characteristics of BPG, including particle size analysis and optical microscopy, also were conducted. Thirty‐five batches of BPG were sourced from 16 countries across 4 WHO regions. All batches passed the US Pharmacopeia requirements for BPG injection (content), with no evidence of breakdown products or other detected contaminants. Water content and heavy metal analysis (n = 11) indicated adherence to regulatory standards and Good Manufacturing Practice. Particle size analysis (n = 20) found two batches with aggregated particles (>400 µm) that were dispersed following sonication. Current batches of BPG were of satisfactory pharmaceutical quality but aggregated particles were found in a modest proportion of samples. Future studies should focus on the physical characteristics of BPG which may contribute to variations in plasma penicillin concentrations an observed needle blockages in clinical practice. Pharmacopeial monographs could be revised to include standards on particle size and crystal morphology of BPG.
Interaction of 5‐fluorouracil with β‐cyclodextrin: A density functional theory study with dispersion correction
Authors: Buczek Aneta , Staś Monika , Hebenstreit Christian , Maller Corina , Broda Małgorzata A. , Kupka Teobald , Kelterer Anne‐Marie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDetailed studies on the stability, interaction, and microstructure of host‐guest complexes in the vacuum of 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) with β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) were performed using B3LYP with the inclusion of Grimme's dispersion correction GD3 term and 6‐31+G(d,p) basis set. Among several studied 1:1 5FU‐βCD complexes, the one placing the keto tautomer of 5FU vertically in the host cavity and forming N‐H···OCD and CO···HOCD hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups of the smaller rim of βCD has the highest stability (Eint = −195 kJ/mol). Interestingly, there are no interactions with the inner hydrophobic part of the βCD host cavity. The strength of the intermolecular H‐bonds to the smaller rim of βCD is comparable to those in 5FU‐water and 5FU‐methanol clusters, used as model systems characterizing the noncovalent interactions. Of several studied host‐guest complexes, the inner ones are more stable than the outer systems. Our results reveal that taking dispersion interaction in DFT into account is essential for reliable modeling of the structure, interaction, and stability of 5FU‐βCD complexes. This study is crucial for understanding the interaction of 5FU with βCD in the solid state and additionally suggests the presence of equilibrium between 5FU‐βCD complex and solvated 5FU.
Regularity of Extremal Solutions to Nonlinear Elliptic Equations with Quadratic Convection and General Reaction
Authors: Aghajani Asadollah , Mottaghi Fatemeh , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider the nonlinear elliptic equation with quadratic convection $$ -\Delta u + g(u) |\nabla u|^2=\lambda f(u) $$

-
Δ
u
+

g

(
u
)

|
∇
u
|

2

=
λ
f

(
u
)

in a smooth bounded domain $$ \Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^N $$

Ω
⊂

R

N

($$ N \ge 3$$

N
≥
3

) with zero Dirichlet boundary condition. Here, $$ \lambda $$
λ
is a positive parameter, $$ f:[0, \infty ):(0\infty ) $$

f
:
[
0
,
∞
)
:
(
0
∞
)

is a strictly increasing function of class $$C^1$$

C
1

, and g is a continuous positive decreasing function in $$ (0, \infty ) $$

(
0
,
∞
)

and integrable in a neighborhood of zero. Under natural hypotheses on the nonlinearities f and g, we provide some new regularity results for the extremal solution $$u^*$$

u
∗

. A feature of this paper is that our main contributions require neither the convexity (even at infinity) of the function $$ h(t)=f(t)e^{-\int _0^t g(s)ds}$$

h

(
t
)

=
f

(
t
)

e

-

∫
0
t

g

(
s
)

d
s

, nor that the functions $$ gh/h'$$

g
h
/

h
′

or $$ h'' h/h'^2$$

h

′
′

h
/

h

′
2

admit a limit at infinity.
Nuclear Embeddings in Weighted Function Spaces
Authors: Haroske Dorothee D. , Skrzypczak Leszek 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study nuclear embeddings for weighted spaces of Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin type where the weight belongs to some Muckenhoupt class and is essentially of polynomial type. Here we can extend our previous results concerning the compactness of corresponding embeddings. The concept of nuclearity was introduced by A. Grothendieck in 1955. Recently there is a refreshed interest to study such questions. This led us to the investigation in the weighted setting. We obtain complete characterisations for the nuclearity of the corresponding embedding. Essential tools are a discretisation in terms of wavelet bases, operator ideal techniques, as well as a very useful result of Tong about the nuclearity of diagonal operators acting in$$\ell _p$$ℓpspaces. In that way we can further contribute to the characterisation of nuclear embeddings of function spaces on domains.
Decoding COVID-19 pneumonia: comparison of deep learning and radiomics CT image signatures
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Wang Lu , Lee Edward H. , Zheng Jimmy , Zhang Wei , Halabi Safwan , Liu Chunlei , Deng Kexue , Song Jiangdian , Yeom Kristen W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
High-dimensional image features that underlie COVID-19 pneumonia remain opaque. We aim to compare feature engineering and deep learning methods to gain insights into the image features that drive CT-based for COVID-19 pneumonia prediction, and uncover CT image features significant for COVID-19 pneumonia from deep learning and radiomics framework.

Methods
A total of 266 patients with COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia with clinical symptoms and CT signs similar to that of COVID-19 during the outbreak were retrospectively collected from three hospitals in China and the USA. All the pneumonia lesions on CT images were manually delineated by four radiologists. One hundred eighty-four patients (n = 93 COVID-19 positive; n = 91 COVID-19 negative; 24,216 pneumonia lesions from 12,001 CT image slices) from two hospitals from China served as discovery cohort for model development. Thirty-two patients (17 COVID-19 positive, 15 COVID-19 negative; 7883 pneumonia lesions from 3799 CT image slices) from a US hospital served as external validation cohort. A bi-directional adversarial network-based framework and PyRadiomics package were used to extract deep learning and radiomics features, respectively. Linear and Lasso classifiers were used to develop models predictive of COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia.

Results
120-dimensional deep learning image features and 120-dimensional radiomics features were extracted. Linear and Lasso classifiers identified 32 high-dimensional deep learning image features and 4 radiomics features associated with COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis (P < 0.0001). Both models achieved sensitivity > 73% and specificity > 75% on external validation cohort with slight superior performance for radiomics Lasso classifier. Human expert diagnostic performance improved (increase by 16.5% and 11.6% in sensitivity and specificity, respectively) when using a combined deep learning-radiomics model.

Conclusions
We uncover specific deep learning and radiomics features to add insight into interpretability of machine learning algorithms and compare deep learning and radiomics models for COVID-19 pneumonia that might serve to augment human diagnostic performance.
COVID-19 and financial toxicity in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Staehler Michael D. , Battle Dena J. , Bergerot Cristiane D. , Pal Sumanta Kumar , Penson David F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To ascertain renal cell carcinoma (RCC) financial toxicity on COVID-19 during the COVID-19 crisis as patients are struggling with therapeutic and financial implications.

Methods
An online survey was conducted from March 22 to March 25, 2020. It included baseline demographic, clinicopathologic, treatment-related information, anxiety levels related to COVID-19, questions related to financial concerns about COVID-19 as well as the validated 11-item COST measure.

Results
Five-hundred-and-thirty-nine patients (39%:58% male:female) from 14 countries responded. 23% of the patients did not feel in control of their financial situation but 8% reported being very satisfied with their finances. The median COST score was 21.5 (range 1–44). Metastatic patients who have not started systemic therapy had a COST score (19.8 range 2–41) versus patients on oral systemic therapy had a COST score (23.9 range 4–44). Patients in follow-up after surgery had a median COST score at 20.8 (range 1–40). A low COST scores correlated (p < 0.001) were female gender (r = 0.108), younger age (r = 0.210), urban living situation (r = 0.68), a lower educational level (r = 0.155), lower income (r = 0.165), higher anxiety about acquiring COVID-19 (r = 0.198), having metastatic disease (r = 0.073) and a higher distress score about cancer progression (r = 0.224).

Conclusion
Our data highlight severe financial impact of COVID-19. Acknowledging financial hardship and thorough counseling of cancer patients should be part of the conversation during the pandemic. Treatment and surveillance of RCC patients might have to be adjusted to contemplate financial and medical needs.
Youth in the study of comparative physiology: insights from demography in the wild
Authors: Hill Richard W. , Sleboda David A. , Millar Justin J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOf all the properties of individual animals of interest to comparative physiologists, age and stage of development are among the most consequential. In a natural population of any species, the survivorship curve is an important determinant of the relative abundances of ages and stages of development. Demography, thus, has significant implications for the study of comparative physiology. When Edward Deevey published his influential summary of survivorship in animal populations in the wild seven decades ago, he emphasized “serious deficiencies” because survivorship curves for natural populations at the time did not include data on the earliest life stages. Such data have accumulated over intervening years. We survey, for the first time, empirical knowledge of early-age survivorship in populations of most major animal groups in a state of nature. Despite wide variation, it is almost universally true that > 50% of newly born or hatched individuals die before the onset of sexual maturity, even in species commonly assumed to exhibit high early-age survivorship. These demographic facts are important considerations for studies in comparative and environmental physiology whether physiologists (i) aim to elucidate function throughout the life cycle, including both early stages and adults, or (ii) focus on adults (in which case early-age survivorship can potentially affect adult characteristics through selection or epigenesis). We establish that Deevey’s Type I curve (which applies to species with relatively limited early mortality) has few or no actual analogs in the real, natural world.
Prevalence of adenomyosis in endometrial cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Raffone Antonio , Seracchioli Renato , Raimondo Diego , Maletta Manuela , Travaglino Antonio , Raimondo Ivano , Giaquinto Ilaria , Orsini Benedetta , Insabato Luigi , Pellicano Massimiliano , Zullo Fulvio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Several studies have assessed the histological co-existence of endometrial carcinoma (EC) and adenomyosis. However, the significance of this association is still unclear.

Objective
To assess the prevalence of adenomyosis in women with EC for a better understanding of the association between the two diseases.

Materials and methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed by searching electronics databases from their inception to March 2020, for all studies that allowed extraction of data about prevalence of adenomyosis in EC patients. Adenomyosis prevalence was calculated for each included study and as pooled estimate, with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Eight retrospective cohort studies assessing 5573 EC patients were included in our analysis. Of total, 1322 were patients with adenomyosis, and 4251 were patients without adenomyosis. Pooled prevalence of adenomyosis in EC patients was 22.6% (95% CI 12.7–37.1%).

Conclusion
Adenomyosis prevalence in EC patients was not different from that reported for other gynecological conditions. The supposed association between the two diseases appears unsupported.
Effects in North Africa of the 934–940 CE Eldgjá and 1783–1784 CE Laki eruptions (Iceland) revealed by previously unrecognized written sources
Authors: Brugnatelli Vermondo , Tibaldi Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn historic times, two catastrophic fissure eruptions originated in the Eastern Volcanic Zone of Iceland, known as Eldgjá eruption (934–940 CE) and Laki eruption (1783–1784 CE). Eldgjá produced 19.7 km3of lava flows and 1.3 km3of tephra; Laki emitted 14.7 km3of lavas and 0.4 km3of tephra. They released 232 and 122 megatons of SO2into the atmosphere, respectively. Abundant historic descriptions of the effects of the Laki eruption indicate that the SO2release produced a sulphuric aerosol that spread across the northern hemisphere with devastating impacts on the population and the environment, especially in Europe. In this study, we present two new written sources that enable the effects of the Eldgjá and Laki eruptions to be fixed to an exact date and place of occurrence in North Africa. These are a medieval North African chronicle known asRawḍ al-Qirṭās, written in 1326 CE and describing events in Morocco, and a chronicle of events in the island of Djerba (southern Tunisia), written by Muhammad b. Yusef al-Musabi in 1792–1793 CE. These previously unrecognized sources describe in detail the fading of sunlight coupled with the persistent presence of a thick fog made up of fine particles carried over from long distances. The chronicles report events in Morocco in the time period October 938–October 939 CE, and in Tunisia in the year 1783 CE. These data can be interpreted as the first detailed evidence of the consequences of the Eldgjá and Laki eruptions in North Africa. They also can be helpful in dating and determining the area of influence of the eruptions; this may be useful for several applications, such as the numerical simulation of these events, or hazard planning in case of possible future similar eruptions from the same Icelandic area.
Does balneotherapy provide additive effects to physical therapy in patients with subacute supraspinatus tendinopathy? A randomized, controlled, single-blind study
Authors: Koç Cihan , Kurt Emine Eda , Koçak Fatmanur Aybala , Erdem Hatice Rana , Konar Naime Meriç 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study assessed the additional contribution of balneotherapy on physical therapy in subacute supraspinatus tendinopathy. Ninety patients with subacute supraspinatus tendinopathy were included. They were randomized into two equal groups. In group 1 (n = 45), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), hot pack, ultrasound treatments, and Codman’s and range of motion (ROM) exercises were performed. In group 2 (n = 45), balneotherapy was added to the treatment program. In both groups, shoulder active ROM and handgrip strength were measured. Pain was evaluated using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (rest, sleep, movement); functional assessment and quality of life were measured respectively with the Shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH), and the Short Form-36 health survey (SF 36) form. All measurements were repeated before and after 15 treatment sessions. There were statistically significant differences between the before and after assessment parameters in group 1 (all p < 0.05), but not for SF-36 General Health Perceptions, SF-36 Mental Health sub-parameters, and handgrip strengths. However, there were statistically significant differences between all the evaluation before and after the treatment in group 2 (all p < 0.05). When the two groups were compared in terms of alpha gains, statistically significant differences were observed in favor of group 2 in all measurements (all p < 0.05) except for SF-36 Emotional Role Difficulty and SF-36 Mental Health sub-parameters. This study shows that the addition of balneotherapy to physical therapy for subacute supraspinatus tendinopathy can make additional contributions to shoulder ROM, pain, handgrip strength, functional status, and quality of life.
Entwicklung der Frequenz und des Spektrums von Rettungsdiensteinsätzen in Deutschland
Authors: Sieber F. , Kotulla R. , Urban B. , Groß S. , Prückner S. 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die Berichterstattung aus einzelnen Bundesländern zeigt über viele Jahre kontinuierlich steigende Einsatzzahlen im bodengebundenen Rettungsdienst.

Fragestellung
Ziel der Arbeit ist es aufzuzeigen, wie stark sich die Einsatzzahlen und das Einsatzspektrum im Rettungsdienst in den letzten Jahren entwickelt haben.

Material und Methode
Die Arbeit führt nach Literaturrecherche geeignete Publikationen synoptisch zusammen, um einen umfassenden Überblick der aktuellen Erkenntnisse zu geben.

Ergebnisse
Vollerhebungen der Einsatzzahlen einzelner Bundesländer sowie Hochrechnungen der Rettungsdiensteinsätze auf Bundesebene zeigen jährliche Zuwachsraten von etwa 5 %. Zudem belegen einzelne Untersuchungen vor allem einen Anstieg nichttraumatologischer Einsatzgründe. Sowohl die Einsatzzunahme als auch die Änderung im Einsatzspektrum können, neben weiteren Einflussfaktoren, u. a. auf den demografischen Wandel zurückgeführt werden.

Schlussfolgerungen
Um dem Anstieg und der Änderung der Inanspruchnahme zu begegnen, erscheint neben der Ausweitung bestehender Angebote der Notfallversorgung die Etablierung alternativer Ansätze (z. B. Telenotarzt) zielführend. Begleitend sollte eine umfassende Datenerfassung und -auswertung erfolgen, um im Rahmen des Qualitätsmanagements ein kontinuierliches Nachsteuern des Systems zu erlauben.
Evidence for the cholinergic markers ChAT and vAChT in sensory cells of the developing antennal nervous system of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: Ehrhardt Erica , Boyan George 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSensory and motor systems in insects with hemimetabolous development must be ready to mediate adaptive behavior directly on hatching from the egg. For the desert locust S. gregaria, cholinergic transmission from antennal sensillae to olfactory or mechanosensory centers in the brain requires that choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vAChT) already be present in sensory cells in the first instar. In this study, we used immunolabeling to demonstrate that ChAT and vAChT are both expressed in sensory cells from identifiable sensilla types in the immature antennal nervous system. We observed ChAT expression in dendrites, neurites and somata of putative basiconic-type sensillae at the first instar stage. We also detected vAChT in the sensory axons of these sensillae in a major antennal nerve tract. We then examined whether evidence for cholinergic transmission is present during embryogenesis. Immunolabeling confirms that vAChT is expressed in somata typical of campaniform sensillae, as well as in small sensory cell clusters typically associated with either a large basiconic or coeloconic sensilla, at 99% of embryogenesis. The vAChT is also expressed in the somata of these sensilla types in multiple antennal regions at 90% of embryogenesis, but not at earlier (70%) embryonic stages. Neuromodulators are known to appear late in embryogenesis in neurons of the locust central complex, and the cholinergic system of the antenna may also only reach maturity shortly before hatching.
The accuracy and precision of age determination by dental cementum annuli in four northern cervids
Authors: Veiberg Vebjørn , Nilsen Erlend B. , Rolandsen Christer M. , Heim Morten , Andersen Roy , Holmstrøm Frode , Meisingset Erling L. , Solberg Erling J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIndividual age is an important element in models of population demographics, but the limitations of the methods used for age determination are not always clear. We used known-age data from moose (Alces alces), red deer (Cervus elaphus), semi-domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) to evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of age estimated by cementum annuli analysis of longitudinally sectioned permanent incisors. Four observers with varying experience performed blind duplicate age estimation of 37 specimens from each cervid. The relationship between known age and estimated age was linear, except for Svalbard reindeer where a quadratic model gave a slightly better fit. After correcting for observer ID and animal ID, there was a slightly declining probability to assess the correct age with increasing age for moose, red deer and Svalbard reindeer. Across cervids and observers, estimated age equalled known age in 69% of all readings, while 95% age ± 1 year. Predicted probability of correct age assessment for experienced observers was 93% for red deer, 89% for Svalbard reindeer, 84% for moose and 73% for semi-domestic reindeer. Regardless of observer experience and cervid, there was a high agreement between repeated assessments of a given animal’s tooth sections. The accuracy varied between cervids but was generally higher for observers with former ageing experience with a given cervid. We conclude that the accuracy of estimated age using longitudinally sectioned incisors is generally high, and even more so if performed by observers with former ageing experience of a given species. To ensure consistency over time, a reference material from known-age individuals for each species analysed should be available for calibration and training of observers.