bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Methodical Study of Early Modern Age Archaeological Glazed Ceramics from Prague
Authors: Kloužková Alexandra , Kohoutková Martina , Kolářová Mária , Blažková Gabriela , Šefců Radka , Dvořáková Pavla , Kmoníčková Martina Bajeux 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A series of scientific methods (X-ray analyses, optical and electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and thermal analyses) was used to research the ceramic bodies and glazes of forty vessels from Renaissance Prague. The set of Early Modern Age archaeological glazed ceramics contained tableware, kitchenware and technical ceramics. The main aim was to characterise ceramic materials and glazes used over two centuries. Attention was also paid to the identification of defects and corrosion products of the glazes. The research was conducted with an emphasis on the context of the original use of the ceramic artefacts and the environment of the waste pits from which they were excavated. The archaeological finds include three technical ceramic vessels (a rectifier, a bowl and a jar), which together could have formed a distillation apparatus. Since these vessels represent a rare finding, they were subjected to a detailed investigation. Based on the similarity of ceramic bodies and glazes, it was proved that the three technical ceramic vessels were made in the same workshop and were parts of one distillation apparatus. The results of the performed analyses determined that the studied vessels were manufactured from raw materials with a high content of a plastic component and that the raw materials did not change significantly during the period from the 15th to 18th centuries. The firing temperature of most of the vessels did not exceed 1000 °C. It was proved that all the glazes were medium- or high-lead content glazes and were coloured with ionic pigments.
Sexual dimorphism and sex-biased gene expression in an egg parasitoid species, Anastatus disparis
Authors: Liu P.C. , Hao DeJun , Hu Hao-Yuan , Wei Jian-Rong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Differences in the expression of genes present in both sexes are assumed to contribute to sex differences including behavioural, physiological and morphological dimorphisms. For enriching our knowledge of gender differences in an important egg parasitoid wasp, Anastatus disparis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), sex-biased differences in gene expression were investigated using Illumina-based transcriptomic analysis. Results: A total of 15812 resulting unigenes were annotated, and a large set of genes accounting for 50.09% of the total showed sex-biased expression and included 630 sex-specific genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses showed that the functional categories associated with sex-biased genes were mainly related to reproduction. In addition, the transcriptome data provided evidence that sex pheromones in A. disparis are produced by the female, and activity of D12-desaturases appear to have been replaced by D9-desaturases playing roles in sex pheromone production. The large set of sex-biased genes identified in this study provide a molecular background for sexually dimorphic traits such as flyability, longevity, and aggression in this species and suggests candidate venom proteins expressed only in females that could be used for biological control.Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive insight into sexually dimorphic traits of a parasitoid wasp and can inform future research into the molecular mechanisms underlying such traits and the application of parasitoids to the biological control of pest species.
Test–retest reliability and convergent validity of the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-Fourth Edition in patients with schizophrenia.
Authors: Chen Kuan-Wei , Lee Ya-Chen , Yu Tzu-Ying , Cheng Li-Jung , Chao Chien-Yu , Hsieh Ching-Lin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Fluid intelligence deficits affect executive functioning and social behaviors in patients with schizophrenia. To help clinicians manage fluid intelligence deficits, a psychometrically sound measure is needed. The purposes of this study were to examine the test–retest reliability and convergent validity of the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-Fourth Edition (TONI-4) assessing fluid intelligence in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 103 patients with stable condition were assessed with the TONI-4 twice with a 4-week interval to examine the test–retest reliability. We further used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Tablet-Based Symbol Digit Modalities Test (T-SDMT) to examine the convergent validity of the TONI-4. Results: The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.73 for the TONI-4. The percentages of standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change for the TONI-4 were 5.1% and 14.2%, respectively. The practice effect of the TONI-4 was small (Cohen’s d = -0.03). Convergent validity showed small to moderate significant correlations between the TONI-4 and the MoCA as well as the T-SDMT (r = 0.35, p=.011 with the T-SDMT and r = 0.61, p<.001 with the MoCA). The results demonstrated that the TONI-4 had good test–retest reliability, limited random measurement error, and a trivial practice effect. The convergent validity of the TONI-4 was good.Conclusions: These findings indicate that the TONI-4 has potential to be a reliable and valid assessment of fluid intelligence in patients with schizophrenia.
Nurses’ perceptions of quality within the neonatal continuum of care: A qualitative approach using Donabedian’s Conceptual Framework
Authors: Snell Lauren Ann 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Over the last two decades, globally, the number of neonatal deaths declined from 5.0 million in 1990 to 2.5 million in 2018. The residual neonatal mortality rate is seen as problematic and indicative of possible poor services or failings in the provision of quality care to neonates. The aim of this study was to analyse nurses’ perception related to the quality of the neonatal continuum of care, using Donabedian model as an evaluative framework.Methods A qualitative study design was utilised. Primary data was collected via semi-structured interviews from a purposive sample of nurses (n = 21), observations and document analysis. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data.Results Two categories of criteria relating to structure and process were identified by nurses. Structure criteria included Human resources and resources; and process criteria included technical quality, interpersonal development and nurse-patient relationship.Conclusion To ensure quality care, a variety of infrastructure, an adequate supply of equipment, supplies and an adequate staff capacity that are trained and skilled healthcare professionals are required.
Diuretic activity and mechanism of Mosla chinensis Maxim. cv. Jiangxiangru in normal Rats
Authors: Li Longxue , Xiao Suyun , Liu Weiqi , Lei Dan , Deng Weiyue , He Juan , Wu Zhongrui , Tan Xiaoqin , Li Shouming , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Jiangxiangru, a commonly used clinical Chinese medicine, has been investigated mainly over its effects on Summer heatstroke and the dampness inside the spleen and stomach. This study focuses on the diuretic effect of Jiangxiangru in normal rats as well as the underlying mechanism.Methods: 48 rats were randomly divided into the model group (saline), the positive control group (furosemide 0.02g/kg), low and high dosage of water decoction of Jiangxiangru group (0.2 g/ml and 1g/ml), low and high dosage of water extract of Jiangxiangru group (0.1463g/ml and 0.7317g/ml), and the low and high dosage of volatile oil of Jiangxiangru group (0.1791g/ml and 1.4328g/ml). Each group was assigned 6 rats. Thirty minutes after the successful establishment of the model, the rats were treated orally with corresponding doses of drugs at 10 ml/kg. The control group received an equivalent amount of water. After administration, Urine volume at each time point was measured and urine K+, Na+, Cl- content were measured. The contents of ALD, ANP, ADH, Na+-K+-ATPase, the gene expression and protein levels of AQP1, AQP2 and AQP3 in urine of rats in each group were determined. SPSS22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the experimental data. One way ANOVA and multiple comparisons between LSD groups were performed. The difference is considered significant When p < 0.05 or p < 0.01.Results: Our results showed that Jiangxiangru decoction group has the strongest diuretic effect, followed by water extract, then the volatile oil. The diuretic mechanism of Jiangxiangru may affect the kidney in addition to the hormone level related to the change of body fluid metabolism. The distal convoluted tubules are related to the content of aquaporin AQP in the collecting tube, thereby inhibiting water reabsorption.Conclusion: The contents of Na+, K+, and Cl- and PH in urine of rats don’t change significantly in this experiment. The diuretic effect of Jiangxiangru could not cause electrolyte disturbance and other adverse reactions. This fully reflects the complex composition of traditional Chinese medicine, the role of multi-target characteristics.
Renewal of Criminal Law Politics Relating to Justice Based On Justice
Authors: Susilo Adhi Budi 
Published: July 2020

<p>Copyright is a high reality of various values, including economic value, this is because copyright that is born of copyright, taste, and intention is able to color the development of human life through objects born from the copyright process. However, in its development various copyrights were not considered in this country. The rise of piracy on song copyrights for example, is only able to benefit the perpetrators of piracy of song copyright economically. The research method used is a juridical legal research method of analysis with the object of research studies aimed at the laws and regulations relating to copyright and principles - applicable legal principles. Substantially, the material changes in Law No. 28 of 2014 is related to the change of type of criminal offense from ordinary offense to complaint offense and in the meantime there are not many creators who can seek justice about it. The results of the research are increasingly unfair with the existence of Clause 112 to Clause 119 of Law Number 28 of 2014 changing copyright offenses to complaint offenses that increasingly marginalize the rights of the creators of copyrighted works in this country. Therefore it is necessary to have a joint discussion related to the political development of criminal law related to copyright offenses.</p><p> </p><p class="IABSSS">Hak Cipta adalah suatu realitas yang tinggi akan berbagai nilai, termasuk didalamnya nilai ekonomis, hal ini dikarenakan hak cipta yang lahir dari cipta, rasa, dan karsa mampu mewarnai perkembangan kehidupan umat manusia melalui benda yang lahir dari proses cipta tersebut. Namun dalam perkembangannya berbagai hak cipta tidaklah diperhatikan di negara ini. Maraknya pembajakan akan hak cipta lagu misalnya, hanya mampu menguntungkan bagi oknum pelaku pembajakan hak cipta lagu tersebut secara ekonomis, Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum yuridis analisis dengan objek kajian penelitian yang ditujukan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan hak cipta dan prinsip-prinsip hukum yang berlaku. Secara substansial, materi perubahan dalam UU No. 28 Tahun 2014 adalah yang berkaitan dengan perubahan jenis tindak pidana dari delik biasa menjadi delik aduan serta sementara itu pihak pencipta tidak banyak yang dapat mengupayakan keadilan akan hal itu. Hasil dari penelitian semakin bertambah tidak adil dengan adanya Pasal 112 hingga Pasal 119 Undang-Undang Nomer 28 Tahun 2014 merubah delik hak cipta menjadi delik aduan yang semakin memarjinalkan hak dari pencipta suatu karya cipta di negara ini. Oleh sebab itu perlu adanya pembahasan bersama terkait pembangunan politik hukum pidana terkai delik hak cipta.</p>
A decision support tool for rural water supply planning
Authors: Cook Joseph , Wagner Jake , Newell Gunnar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Over a dozen studies have examined how households who travel to collect water (about one-quarter of humanity) make choices about where and how much to collect. There is little evidence, however, that these studies have informed rural water supply planning in anything but a qualitative way. In this paper, we describe a new web-based decision support tool that planners or community members can use to simulate scenarios such as (1) price, quality, or placement changes of existing sources, (2) the closure of an existing source, or (3) the addition of a new source. We describe the analytical structure of the model and then demonstrate its possibilities using data from a recent study in rural Meru County, Kenya. We discuss some limits of the current model, and encourage readers and practitioners to explore it and suggest ways in which it could be improved or used most effectively.
A clinical case of repeated correction of Ebstein’s anomaly using the ‘cone reconstruction’ method
Authors: Troshkinev N. , Svyazov E. , Mochula O. , Shmakova N. , Ivanova I. , Egunov O. , Krivoshchekov E. 
Published: July 2020

We report the case of a 16-year-old child with Ebstein’s anomaly who successfully underwent recorrection via the ‘cone reconstruction’ method using a tricuspid valve-in-ring implant. Because the patient had high-grade atrioventricular block, a pacemaker was implanted. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were conducted to determine the anatomy of the right ventricle and its hemodynamic parameters. Echocardiography performed at the time of discharge revealed an improvement in the hemodynamic parameters of the patient after the correction: triuspid valve regurgitation is mild and peak/mean pressure gradient 10/5 mmHg.Received 9 January 2020. Revised 16 March 2020. Accepted 17 March 2020.Informed consent: The patient’s informed consent to use the records for medical purposes is obtained.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.Author contributionsDrafting the article: N.M. Troshkinev, O.V. Mochula, O.A. EgunovLiterature review: N.A. Shmakova, I.V. IvanovaIllustrations: N.M. Troshkinev, O.V. MochulaCritical revision of the article: E.V. Krivoshchekov, E.A. SvyazovSurgical treatment: E.V. Krivoshchekov, O.A. Egunov, N.M. TroshkinevFinal approval of the version to be published: N.M. Troshkinev, E.A. Svyazov, O.V. Mochula, N.A. Shmakova, I.V. Ivanova, O.A. Egunov, E.V. Krivoshchekov
Design and Development of Key Chain Held Insulin injectable device
Authors: Manarvi Irfan Anjum , Matta Nader Maher 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Diabetes affects people of all ages regardless of gender and geographical location. A diabetic patient unlike other diseases; may appear healthy and living a normal life under medication. Therefore a tendency of being
noncompliant with medicine especially insulin dosage is observed. One of the reasons of such behavior is that patients
find it irritating to use syringes or injections. It results into complications in other body functions such as heart, kidneys,
liver and loss of immunity.

Results:
Dimensional, performance and economic features were compared with existing devices. Device was designed to
use standard accessories of needles and insulin cartridges available in market. It was observed that the new device fared
well with current devices and provided additional benefits of convenience of use and portability of carrying along being
half the size of others. Its overall cost was also substantially reduced due to use of replaceable insulin cartridges as compared to syringes and pens that are discarded after use.

Conclusions:
A keychain held insulin administration device was successfully developed in this research. Patients could
use this device to administer insulin everywhere to ensure timely dosage. Patients are able to carry it along and develop
compliant behavior towards insulin usage. Its geometric as well as performance specifications were developed on the basis of syringes and typical insulin pens available in market. Final design fulfilled all the requirements provided by market
held devices besides being half the geometric size of regular pens. It uses insulin tubes which can be discarded and device
can be used again and again that makes it more economical. Both type 1 and 2 patients can use it because of simple assembly and operation. Prototype devices were used by two patients over a period of 12 weeks who confirmed its satisfac-tory performance. Addition of digital measurement scale was proposed for which further research is in process. Its small
size as compared to insulin pens and syringes provided possibility of carrying it in keychain.

Methods:
Present research was conducted to design and manufacture a keychain held insulin injectable device. Patients
requirements were collected through interviews regarding current devices such as syringes, insulin pens and insulin pump.
Its geometric features and possibility of carrying along everywhere was the primary focus of these interviews. Patients
ease of use, cost, dimensional and performance specifications of these devices were reviewed and considered as target
benchmarks for new device design. A set of parameters was established from the collected information that was considered as baseline for new device design. A detailed product design and development process was followed to arrive at final
design. Prototypes were developed and tested on few volunteer patients who confirmed its performance and usability advantages with reference to other devices.
Development and Validation of a Simple HPLC-UV Method to Assay DEET Repellents and its Application to Different Commercial Forms
Authors: dos Santos Juliana , Lourenço Rebeca Lino , Rosa Priscila , Adams Andréa Inês Horn 
Published: July 2020

Background: N’,N’-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is the most widely used repellent substance worldwide. It is
formulated as aerosol, solution, lotion, gel and patches. However, the official compendia report monographs to analyze
only DEET drug substance and solution.

Objective:In this study an isocratic HPLC method was validated to assay DEET in lotion, gel and solution, under the
same analytical conditions.

Methods:The method was validated according to ICH requirements and DEET detection was achieved
at around 11 min, using a C-18 column, a mobile phase composed by methanol, acetonitrile and water
pH 4.5 (45:10:45), flow rate at 1 mL min-1 and detection at 270 nm.

Results:A linear relationship was observed in the range of 2.5 to 100 μg mL-1, the method was precise
(relative standard deviation < 2%) and accuracy was demonstrated by DEET recovery values ranging
from 99.5 to 100.2%. The specificity was studied by a forced degradation test, where degradation
products were observed after alkaline degradation and ultraviolet radiation. Appropriate resolution between
DEET, degradation products and excipient peaks indicated the method specificity. Robustness
was evaluated by a full factorial design, and no effect on DEET assay was observed under simultaneous
variation in analytical parameters. The method was applied to assay nine marketed formulations,
demonstrating its good applicability.

Conclusion:The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of DEET in lotion, gel and
solution, contributing to improve the quality control and the efficacy of these formulations.
Exploring the Role of Phytochemicals as Potent Natural Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Senapathy Giftson J. , George Blassan P. , Abrahamse Heidi 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Cancer is still considered a deadly disease worldwide due to difficulties in diagnosis,
painful treatment procedures, costly therapies, side effects, and cancer relapse. Cancer treatments using conventional
methods like chemotherapy and radiotherapy were not convincing due to its post-treatment toxicity in the
host. In Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), three individual non-toxic components including a photosensitizer, light
source and oxygen cause damage to the cells and tissues when they are combined.

Objective:
In recent years, phytochemicals are being increasingly recognized as potent complementary drugs for
cancer because of its natural availability, less toxicity and therapeutic efficiency in par with commercial drugs.
Hence, the idea of using phytochemicals as natural photosensitizers in PDT resulted in a multiple pool of research
studies with promising results in preclinical and clinical investigations.

Methods:
In this review, the potential of phytochemicals to act as natural photosensitizers for PDT, their mode
of action, drawbacks, challenges and possible solutions are discussed in detail.

Results:
In PDT, natural photosensitizers, when used alone or in combination with other photosensitizers, induced
cell death by apoptosis and necrosis, increased oxidative stress, altered cancer cell death signaling pathways,
increased cytotoxicity and DNA damage in cancer cells. The pro-oxidant nature of certain antioxidant
polyphenols, hormesis phenomenon, Warburg effect and DNA damaging potential plays a significant role in the
photosensitizing mechanism of phytochemicals in PDT.

Conclusion:
This review explores the role of phytochemicals that can act as photosensitizers alone or in combination
with PDT and its mechanism of action on different cancers.
Efficient Removal of Methyl Orange from Wastewater by Polymeric Chitosan-iso-vanillin
Authors: Alabbad Eman A. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Water pollution is a serious issue in several countries. In addition, because of limited water resources, the recycling of wastewater is crucial. Consequently, new and effective sorbents are required to reduce the cost of wastewater treatment as well as to mitigate the health problems caused by water pollution.

Methods:
In this study, the removal of Methyl Orange (MO) dye from wastewater using a chitosan-iso-vanillin polymer was evaluated. The removal of MO from an aqueous solution was studied in a batch system, using the modified chitosan polymer.

Results:
The results indicate that the removal of MO by the modified chitosan was affected by the solution pH, sorbent dosage, initial MO concentration, contact time, and temperature. The experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms, and Freundlich isotherm showed the best fit. The kinetic data were fitted to the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order rate equations. Thus, the removal of MO was controlled via chemisorption, and the removal rate was 97.9% after 3 h at an initial MO concentration of 100 ppm and a sorbent dose of 0.05 g. The adsorption behavior of the modified chitosan for the removal of MO was well-described using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Intraparticle diffusion analysis was also conducted, and the thermodynamic properties, including entropy (∆S), enthalpy (∆H), and free energy (∆G), were determined.

Conclusion:
The pH, initial MO concentration, sorbent dosage, adsorption temperature, and contact time had a significant effect on the adsorption of MO by chitosan-iso-vanillin.