bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DALES - a prospective cross-sectional study of incidence of penicillin allergy labels, risk of true allergy and attitudes of patients and anaesthetists to de-labelling strategies
Authors: Savic L , Thomas C , Fallaha D , Wilson Michelle , Hopkins PM , Savic S , Clark SH ,   RAFT collaborators (see Supplementary materials)
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDirect drug provocation testing (DPT) in patients with low-risk penicillin allergy labels would allow population-level ‘de-labelling’. We sought to determine the incidence and nature of penicillin allergy labels in a large UK surgical cohort and to define patient and anaesthetist attitudes towards penicillin allergy testing.MethodsA prospective cross-sectional study was performed in 213 UK hospitals. ‘Penicillin allergic’ patients were interviewed and risk-stratified. Knowledge and attitudes around penicillin allergy were defined in patients and anaesthetists, determining potential barriers to widespread testing.FindingsOf 21,281 patients 12% self-reported penicillin allergy and 67% of these were potentially suitable for direct DPT (stratified low or intermediate risk). Irrespective of risk category 62% wanted allergy testing. Of 4,978 anaesthetists 40% claimed to routinely administer penicillin when they judge the label to be low-risk; 64% would then tell the patient they had received penicillin. Only 47% of all anaesthetists would be happy to administer penicillin to a patient previously de-labelled by an allergy specialist using direct DPT; the commonest reason not to administer penicillin was perceived lack of support from their hospital. On the study days, 13% of low-risk patients requiring penicillin received it, and 6 patients with high-risk labels received it. There were no adverse events in any of this group. However, 1 patient who received an alternative antibiotic suffered suspected anaphylaxis to this.InterpretationThe majority of patients with a penicillin allergy label may be suitable for direct DPT and demand for testing is high among patients. Anaesthetists demonstrate inconsistent, potentially unsafe prescribing in patients labelled as penicillin allergic. More than half of anaesthetists are not reassured by a negative DPT undertaken by a specialist. Significant knowledge gaps may prevent widespread de-labelling being effectively implemented in surgical patients.FundingThe National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia.
HIV and risk of COVID-19 death: a population cohort study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Davies Mary-Ann 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of HIV co-infection on COVID-19 outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a population cohort study using linked data from adults attending public sector health facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. We used Cox-proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, location and comorbidities to examine the association between HIV and COVID-19 death among (i) public sector “active patients” (≥1 health visit in the 3 years before March 2020), (ii) laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases and (iii) hospitalized COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for COVID-19 comparing HIV positive vs. negative adults using modelled population estimates.ResultsAmong 3,460,932 public sector patients (16% HIV positive), 22,308 were diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 625 died. In adjusted analysis, HIV increased risk of COVID-19 mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]:2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.70; 2.70), with similar risks across strata of viral load and immunosuppression. increased HIV-associated risk of COVID-19 death remained when restricting to COVID-19 cases (aHR:1.70; 95%CI:132; 2.18) or hospitalized cases (aHR:1.45; 95%CI:1.14; 1.84). Current and previous tuberculosis also increased COVID-19 mortality risk (aHR [95%CI]:2.70 [1.81; 4.04] and 1.51 [1.18; 1.93] respectively). The SMR for COVID-19 death associated with HIV was 2.39 (95% CI:1.96; 2.86); population attributable fraction 8.5% (95%CI:6.1; 11.1).ConclusionHIV was associated with a doubling of COVID-19 mortality risk. While our findings may over-estimate the HIV-associated risk COVID-19 death due to residual confounding, people with HIV should be considered a high-risk group for COVID-19 management.
Accrual income statements and present value models
Authors: Robison Lindon J. , Barry Peter J. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper demonstrates that present value (PV) models can be viewed as multiperiod extensions of accrual income statements (AISs). Failure to include AIS details in PV models may lead to inaccurate estimates of earnings and rates of return on assets and equity and inconsistent rankings of mutually exclusive investments. Finally, this paper points out that rankings based on assets and equity earnings and rates of return need not be consistent, requiring financial managers to consider carefully the questions they expect PV models to answer.Design/methodology/approachAISs are used to guide the construction of PV models. Numerical examples illustrate the results. Deductions from AIS definitions demonstrate the potential conflict between asset and equity earnings and rates of return.FindingsPV models can be viewed as multiperiod extensions of AISs. Mutually exclusive rankings based on assets and equity earnings and rates of return need not be consistent.Research limitations/implicationsPV models are sometimes constructed without the details included in AISs. The result of this simplified approach to PV model construction is that earnings and rates of return may be miscalculated and rankings based as asset and equity earnings and rates of return are inconsistent. Tax adjustments for asset and equity earnings may be miscalculated in applied models.Practical implicationsThis paper provides guidelines for properly constructing PV models consistent with AISs.Social implicationsPV models are especially important for small to medium size firms that characterize much of agricultural. Providing a model consistent with AIS construction principles should help financial managers view the linkage between building financial statements and investment analysis.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to develop the idea that the PV model can be viewed as a multiperiod extension of an AIS.
Exploring compression and parallelization techniques for distribution of deep neural networks over Edge–Fog continuum – a review
Authors: Nazir Azra , Mir Roohie Naaz , Qureshi Shaima 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe trend of “Deep Learning for Internet of Things (IoT)” has gained fresh momentum with enormous upcoming applications employing these models as their processing engine and Cloud as their resource giant. But this picture leads to underutilization of ever-increasing device pool of IoT that has already passed 15 billion mark in 2015. Thus, it is high time to explore a different approach to tackle this issue, keeping in view the characteristics and needs of the two fields. Processing at the Edge can boost applications with real-time deadlines while complementing security.Design/methodology/approachThis review paper contributes towards three cardinal directions of research in the field of DL for IoT. The first section covers the categories of IoT devices and how Fog can aid in overcoming the underutilization of millions of devices, forming the realm of the things for IoT. The second direction handles the issue of immense computational requirements of DL models by uncovering specific compression techniques. An appropriate combination of these techniques, including regularization, quantization, and pruning, can aid in building an effective compression pipeline for establishing DL models for IoT use-cases. The third direction incorporates both these views and introduces a novel approach of parallelization for setting up a distributed systems view of DL for IoT.FindingsDL models are growing deeper with every passing year. Well-coordinated distributed execution of such models using Fog displays a promising future for the IoT application realm. It is realized that a vertically partitioned compressed deep model can handle the trade-off between size, accuracy, communication overhead, bandwidth utilization, and latency but at the expense of an additionally considerable memory footprint. To reduce the memory budget, we propose to exploit Hashed Nets as potentially favorable candidates for distributed frameworks. However, the critical point between accuracy and size for such models needs further investigation.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, no study has explored the inherent parallelism in deep neural network architectures for their efficient distribution over the Edge-Fog continuum. Besides covering techniques and frameworks that have tried to bring inference to the Edge, the review uncovers significant issues and possible future directions for endorsing deep models as processing engines for real-time IoT. The study is directed to both researchers and industrialists to take on various applications to the Edge for better user experience.
Coaching and mentoring in higher education institutions: a case study in Oman
Authors: Hakro Ahmed Nawaz , Mathew Priya 
Published: July 2020

PurposeUniversities and higher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly recognizing the value of coaching for professional and organizational development. This study is designed to investigate whether Cognitive Coaching, implemented as a programme in an HEI in Oman, made any difference to the behaviour and attitudes of employees holding leadership positions in academic, administrative and professional services departments. It also explored the factors that hindered or supported the coaching programme and offers recommendations to strengthen coaching initiatives in similar contexts.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect feedback from the 15 participants of the programme. A case study approach was adopted in this study for an in-depth examination of the effectiveness of coaching interventions.FindingsThe findings suggest that coaching can be an effective approach, facilitating personal and professional development and also contributing to the achievement of organizational goals.Research limitations/implicationsAs a case study of a coaching programme in a single institution, the findings of the study are not generalizable to other contexts, though a “thick description” of the context in which the study took place will enable institutions in similar contexts to draw lessons from the experience.Practical implicationsThis study discusses the benefits of a coaching programme for an HEI in the Middle East. Suggestions to strengthen coaching include board level endorsement and sensitivity to cultural nuances in coaching relationships.Social implicationsOne of the effects of a coaching programme is the collegial atmosphere that it can foster. This can have wider impacts on the community as there is more open communication and trust engendered amongst employers and employees belonging to different cultural backgrounds.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to report the findings of a systematically organized coaching programme in an HEI in the Middle East.
The alternatives to being silent: exploring opinion expression avoidance strategies for discussing politics on Facebook
Authors: Wu Tai-Yee , Xu Xiaowen , Atkin David 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study integrates the spiral of silence (SoS) theory and theory of planned behavior (TPB) by examining Facebook users' opinion expression avoidance, the reactions to dissenting views without revealing one's true opinion, in the context of political discussions. The present integrative approach provides a more comprehensive framework that expands our understanding of online opinion expression and withdrawal.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional online survey was employed, which rendered 348 valid responses from US college students (61.5% female; average age 19.11) recruited from a northeastern university.FindingsThe results categorized two sets of opinion avoidance strategies from six Facebook features. The intention to adopt “proactive avoidance strategies” (filtering out unwanted information) is positively related to descriptive norms and perceived self-efficacy, but negatively related to fear of isolation and perceived control of the urge to debate. Regarding the intention to employ “reactive avoidance strategies” (less obtrusive articulations), fear of isolation and attitudes toward opinion expression avoidance are positive determinants, whereas perceived control of the urge to debate again exerts a negative influence.Originality/valueThis study examines the growing variety of features that users adopt to avoid expressing their true opinion in reacting to dissenting views, updating our understanding of opinion circumvention in social media environment. As one of the few theoretically driven empirical investigations of SoS theory and TPB, the findings not only elucidate the significance of perceived behavioral control as the common ground in association with user adoption intention but also identify distinct qualities of the two sets of strategies that affect the likelihood of adoption. That is, proactive avoidance is more susceptible to normative influences, while reactive avoidance reflects user attitude and belief. This theoretical integration also helps identify diverse levels of intentions to strategically avoid opinion expression influenced by fear of isolation.
YouTube marketing: how marketers' video optimization practices influence video views
Authors: Tafesse Wondwesen 
Published: July 2020

PurposeYouTube's vast and engaged user base makes it central to firms' digital marketing effort. With extant studies focusing on viewers' post-view engagement behavior, however, research into what motivates viewers to click on and watch YouTube videos is scarce. This study investigates the implications of marketers' video optimization practices for video views on YouTube.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a data set of videos (N = 4,398) gathered by scraping YouTube's trending list. Using a combination of text and sentiment analysis, the study measured four video optimization practices: information content of video titles, emotional intensity of video titles, information content of video descriptions and volume of video tags. It then analyzed the effect of these video optimization practices on video views.FindingsThe study finds that greater availability of information in video titles is negatively associated with video views, whereas intensity of negative emotional sentiment in video titles is positively associated with video views. Further, greater availability of information in video descriptions is positively associated with video views. Finally, an inverted U-shaped relationship is found between volume of video tags and video views. Up to 17 video tags can contribute to more video views; however, beyond 17 tags, the relationship turns negative.Originality/valueThis study investigates the effect of marketers' video optimization practices on video views. While extant studies mainly focus on viewers' post-view engagement behavior, such as liking, commenting on and sharing videos, this study examines video views. Similarly, extant studies investigate videos' internal content, while this study investigates elements of the video metadata.
CSFs for Six Sigma implementation: a systematic literature review
Authors: Singh Gurwinder , Singh Davinder 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The success or failure of any Six Sigma program/project depends on some critical factors. The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore critical success factors (CSFs) of Six Sigma from an extensive literature review of research articles published in the context of Six Sigma and propose a categorized list of vital CSFs.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology used is the systematic analysis of 64 different research publications and case studies from 34 different journals that are relevant in the context of Six Sigma by filtering, using keywords like Six Sigma and CSFs. This analysis leads to the exploration of a number of CSFs followed by their prioritization by using a Pareto analysis quality tool. These CSFs are then sorted into a proposed list of “vital few” and “useful many” CSFs groups in accordance to their frequency of occurrence.

Findings
The literature revealed 13 vital CSFs: management involvement and commitment, training, cultural change, communication, customer focus and requirements, organizational infrastructure and resources, project management skills, project prioritization and selection, understanding the Six Sigma methodology, tools and techniques, linking Six Sigma to business strategy, linking Six Sigma to customers, customer focus and requirements, quality data and reporting and linking Six Sigma to suppliers. The consideration of these CSFs will increase the success rates of a Six Sigma program/project in an organization.

Research limitations/implications
The CSFs extracted spotlight only small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and do not consider large industries. This paper is confined to those articles that argued that the Six Sigma is beneficial to SMEs and does not consider the failure experience of the industries.

Originality/value
This paper identifies the CSFs for implementing Six Sigma that are comprehensive and potential to address the quality-related issues of industries. This paper also provides an extract of the relevant publishing to both the academicians and practitioners in the field of Six Sigma for implementing Six Sigma framework in an organization. This study is apparently the first of its kind on CSF assessment and categorization.
Evaluating the effects of CRM practices on organizational learning, its antecedents and level of customer satisfaction
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Misra Madhvendra 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this research paper is to evaluate the effects of customer relationship management (CRM) practices on the relationship of organizational learning (OL) with customer satisfaction (CS) essentially dealing with industrial and business organizations. Industrial organizations could benefit from this study’s contributions, where the effectiveness of OL and its antecedents is measured over the level of CS in the presence of CRM practices.

Design/methodology/approach
In investigating the dimension of the relationship between OL and CS, the research paper uses the moderating effect of CRM practices to measure the intensity of the relationship between OL and CS. Thirty-nine European business organizations with an Indian presence were selected and a questionnaire survey was conducted on 308 senior employees and managers to collect the relevant data. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to see the interaction effects of the variables and to test the hypothesis.

Findings
The research findings reveal that the moderating effect of CRM practices on the relationship between OL and CS is negatively significant and has an effect on increasing or decreasing the level of CS with attempts at OL. Organization size as a moderator between OL and CS was found not significant. This means that the size of an organization cannot affect the direct relationship between OL and CS.

Research limitations/implications
The study is based on a cross-sectional research design which could limit the generalization after a certain period. This study has tried to remove common method bias by avoiding continuity when taking responses for independent, dependent and moderating variables.

Practical implications
OL far beyond its conceptual understanding to practical application is relevant to many fields of studies including human resources development, business and marketing, service marketing, education and so on. The study provides a significant contribution in business and industrial marketing areas in making OL and its shared interpretation effective to achieve a greater degree of CS and value creation.

Social implications
OL, when taken beyond its conceptual understanding to practical application, is relevant to many fields of study including human resources development, business and marketing, service marketing and education. This study provides a significant contribution to business and industrial marketing areas by making OL and its shared interpretation effective in achieving a greater degree of CS and value creation.

Originality/value
This study is original and unique in establishing the moderating relationship of CRM practices on OL and CS among European business organizations having operations in the Indian business sphere.
Drained‐to‐undrained transition of bulk modulus in fluid‐saturated porous rock induced by dead volume variation
Authors: Tan Wenhui , Müller Tobias M. , Ba Jing , Mikhaltsevitch Vassily , Cao Chenghao 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWe examine the effect of poroelastic boundary conditions when determining elastic properties of fluid‐saturated porous rocks from forced‐oscillation laboratory experiments. One undesired yet often unavoidable complication in the estimation of the undrained bulk modulus is due to the presence of the so‐called dead volume. It implies that some fluid mass can escape the rock sample under applying a confining pressure perturbation. Thus, the dead volume compromises the undrained state required to unambiguously determine the undrained bulk modulus. In this paper, we model data of recently performed low‐frequency (0.1 Hz) measurements. Therein, the dead volume has been systematically varied from 10% to 1000% of the pore volume. For the smallest dead volume, the inferred bulk modulus is close to the Biot–Gassmann undrained bulk modulus. With increasing dead volume, the experimentally inferred bulk modulus approaches the drained bulk modulus. We show that the transition from undrained to drained state as a function of dead volume can be modelled with a 1D poroelastic model for the rock sample‐dead volume system with a boundary condition that honours the continuity of the fluid volume flux. We discuss the limitations of the 1D model when applied to data recorded at higher frequencies (up to 100 Hz).
Implementing Marketization in Public Healthcare Systems: Performing Reform in the English National Health Service
Authors: Mason Katy , Araujo Luis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo implement marketization in public healthcare systems, policymakers need to situate abstract models of prescriptive practice in complex user settings. Using a performativity lens, we show how policy processes attempt to bring about the changes they presume. Investigating the implementation of the Health and Social Care Act 2012, and the development of policy instruments and ‘Clinical Commissioning Groups’, we explicate the performance of a marketization programme. Our longitudinal study of the interactions amongst the multiple constituencies the Act attempted to enrol, and the existing socio‐technical arrangements the Act aimed to change, generates three contributions: (1) we characterize the performativity of policy instruments as a process of bricolage that incorporates the principled attitude of making do on both sides – those who design the policy and those who are charged to implement it; (2) we identify the mechanisms through which the performativity of an envisioned model of marketization operates at multiple scales within a complex and highly distributed system of provision; and (3) we document and explicate why specific performances result in misfires and unintended outcomes. In short, we conceptualize policy performativity as a non‐linear, dynamic process where theories and their effects are constantly being assessed, reconfigured and fed back into policymaking and implementation.