bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polycystic subdural hygroma associated with immunoglobulin G4-related intracranial hypertrophic pachymeningitis: a case report
Authors: Ota Kazumichi , Nakazato Yoshihiko , Okuda Risa , Yokoyama Ryu , Kawasaki Hitoshi , Tamura Naotoshi , Yamamoto Toshimasa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent studies have examined hypertrophic pachymeningitis as an IgG4-RD. However, there are no reports of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis with polycystic subdural hygroma.

Case presentation
A 56-year-old man presented to the hospital with complaints of a persistent, pulsatile, occipital headache and general malaise. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed hypertrophic pachymeningitis with polycystic subdural hygroma and hematoma. Based on the dural biopsy findings and exclusion of other diseases, the patient was diagnosed with immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis. IgG4-related diseases may cause subdural hygroma more commonly than other diseases that cause hypertrophic pachymeningitis.

Conclusions
This is the first case report discussing polycystic subdural hygroma and hematoma with IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis.
Outcomes and potential mechanism of a protocol to optimize foot orthoses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tenten-Diepenmaat Marloes , Dekker Joost , Twisk Jos W. R. , Huijbrechts Elleke , Roorda Leo D. , van der Leeden Marike 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Foot problems are highly prevalent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of foot problems related to rheumatoid arthritis often consists of custom made foot orthoses. One of the assumed working mechanisms of foot orthoses is redistribution of plantar pressure by creating a larger weight bearing area. Overall, the reported treatment effect of foot orthoses on foot pain in rheumatoid arthritis is small to medium. Therefore, we developed a foot orthoses optimization protocol for evaluation and adaptation of foot orthoses by using the feedback of in-shoe plantar pressure measurements. The objectives of the present study were: 1) to evaluate the 3-months outcomes of foot orthoses developed according to the protocol on pain, physical functioning and forefoot plantar pressure in patients with foot problems related to rheumatoid arthritis, and 2) to determine the relationship between change in forefoot plantar pressure and change in pain and physical functioning.

Methods
Forty-five patients with foot problems related to rheumatoid arthritis were included and received foot orthoses developed according to the protocol. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and after three months of wearing foot orthoses in 38 patients. Change scores and effect sizes (ES) were calculated for pain, physical functioning and plantar pressure. In a subgroup of patients with combined forefoot pain and high plantar pressure, the relationship between change in plantar pressure and change in pain and physical functioning was analyzed.

Results
In the total group of 38 patients, statistically significant changes in pain (ES 0.69), physical functioning (ES 0.82) and forefoot plantar pressure (ES 0.35) were found. In the subgroup (n = 23) no statistically significant relationships were found between change in plantar pressure and change in pain or physical functioning.

Conclusion
Foot orthoses developed according to a protocol for improving the plantar pressure redistribution properties lead to medium to large improvements in pain and physical functioning. The hypothesis that more pressure reduction would lead to better clinical outcomes could not be proven.
Follow-up after surgical treatment for intermittent claudication (FASTIC): a study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Haile Sara , Linné Anneli , Johansson Unn-Britt , Joelsson-Alm Eva 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Intermittent claudication (IC) is a classic symptom of peripheral arterial disease, and strongly associated with coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Treatment of IC and secondary prevention of vascular events include best medical treatment (BMT), changes in lifestyle, most importantly smoking cessation and increased physical exercise, and in appropriate cases surgery. A person-centred and health promotion approach might facilitate breaking barriers to lifestyle changes and increasing adherence to secondary prevention therapy. The FASTIC study aims to evaluate a nurse-led, person-centred, health-promoting follow-up programme compared with standard follow-up by a vascular surgeon after surgical treatment for IC.

Methods
The FASTIC-study is a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial. Patients will be recruited from two hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden after surgical treatment of IC through open and/or endovascular revascularisation and will be randomly assigned into two groups. The intervention group is offered a nurse-led, person-centred, health-promoting programme, which includes two telephone calls and three visits to a vascular nurse the first year after surgical treatment. The control group is offered standard care, which consists of a visit to a vascular surgeon 4–8 weeks after surgery and a visit to the outpatient clinic 1 year after surgical treatment. The primary outcome is adherence to BMT 1 year after surgical treatment and will be measured using The Swedish Prescribed Drug Registry. Clinical assessments, biomarkers, and questionnaires will be used to evaluate several secondary outcomes, such as predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, health-related quality of life, and patients’ perceptions of care quality.

Discussion
The FASTIC study will provide important information about interventions aimed at improving adherence to medication, which is an unexplored field among patients with IC. The study will also contribute to knowledge on how to implement person-centred care in a clinical context.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT03283358, registration date 06/13/2016.
The role of testosterone in chronic kidney disease and kidney function in men and women: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Zhao Jie V. , Schooling C. Mary 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has an apparent sex disparity, with a more rapid progress in men than in women. Whether the well-established sex-specific evolutionary biology trade-off between reproduction and longevity might inform CKD has not previously been considered. Relevant evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is not available.

Methods
We used a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study to obtain unconfounded estimates using the UK Biobank. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that strongly (p value < 5 × 10−8) predicted testosterone in a sex-specific manner were applied to 179,916 white British men (6016 CKD cases) and 212,079 white British women (5958 CKD cases) to obtain sex-specific associations with CKD, albuminuria, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We also used multivariable MR to control for sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). For validation, we similarly examined their role in hemoglobin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). We also assessed the role of kidney function in serum testosterone, by applying eGFR-related SNPs to testosterone in the UK Biobank.

Results
Genetically predicted testosterone was associated with CKD in men (odds ratio (OR) for bioavailable testosterone 1.17 per standard deviation, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.33) based on 125 SNPs but not in women (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.14 for total testosterone) based on 254 SNPs. Multivariable MR allowing for SHBG showed consistent patterns. Genetically predicted bioavailable testosterone in men and women and genetically predicted total testosterone in women increased hemoglobin and lowered HDL-c, as seen in RCTs. Genetically predicted eGFR was not related to serum testosterone in men or in women.

Conclusions
Genetically predicted testosterone was associated with CKD and worse kidney function in men, whilst not affected by kidney function. Identifying drivers of testosterone and the underlying pathways could provide new insights into CKD prevention and treatment.
Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes: a renal function stratified analysis of the EXAMINE trial
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Mehta Cyrus , Sharma Abhinav , Nissen Steven E. , Rossignol Patrick , Zannad Faiez 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The EXAMINE trial tested the efficacy and safety of alogliptin, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, compared with placebo in 5380 patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent acute coronary syndrome. Because alogliptin is cleared by the kidney, patients were stratified according to screening renal function within two independently randomized strata: (1) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2 and (2) eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2. We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of alogliptin vs. placebo according to the renal function strata.

Methods
Cox-proportional hazard models with an interaction term by renal function strata were used. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), or nonfatal stroke.

Results
Patient characteristics were balanced within each renal function strata. In total, 3946 patients were randomized within the eGFR ≥ 60 stratum, and 1434 patients within the eGFR < 60 stratum. The effect of alogliptin was modified by the renal function strata. Primary outcome: eGFR ≥ 60 HR = 0.81, 95%CI, 0.65–0.99, and eGFR < 60 HR = 1.20, 95%CI, 0.95–1.53; interactionp = 0.014. Cardiovascular death: eGFR ≥ 60 HR = 0.61, 95%CI, 0.42–0.88, and eGFR < 60 HR = 1.16, 95%CI, 0.82–1.65; interactionp = 0.013. Non-fatal MI: eGFR ≥ 60 HR = 0.86, 95%CI, 0.66–1.13, and eGFR < 60 HR = 1.48, 95%CI, 1.07–2.06; interactionp = 0.013.

Conclusions
Alogliptin may benefit patients with eGFR ≥ 60, but may be detrimental to patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2. These hypothesis-generating findings require further validation to assess the potential benefit and risk of alogliptin across the renal function spectrum among patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent acute coronary syndrome.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00968708
Seven-day services in surgery and the “weekend effect” at a Japanese teaching hospital: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Matoba Masaaki , Suzuki Takashi , Ochiai Hirotaka , Shirasawa Takako , Yoshimoto Takahiko , Minoura Akira , Sano Hitomi , Ishii Mizue , Kokaze Akatsuki , Otake Hiroshi , Kasama Tsuyoshi , Kamijo Yumi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Hospitals deliver 24-h, 7-day care on a 5-day workweek model, as fewer resources are available on weekends. In prior studies, poorer outcomes have been observed with weekend admission or surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 7-day service at a hospital, including outpatient consultations, diagnostic examinations and elective surgeries, on the likelihood of the “weekend effect” in surgery.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent surgery between April 2014 and October 2016 at an academic medical centre in Tokyo, Japan. The main outcome measure was 30-day in-hospital mortality from the index surgery. The characteristics of the participants were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test or the chi-squared test as appropriate. Logistic regression was used to test for differences in the mortality rate between the two groups, and propensity score adjustments were made.

Results
A total of 7442 surgeries were identified, of which, 1386 (19%) took place on the weekend. Of the 947 emergency surgeries, 25% (235) were performed on the weekend. The mortality following emergency weekday surgery was 21‰ (15/712), compared with 55‰ (13/235) following weekend surgery. Of the 6495 elective surgeries, 18% (1151) were performed on the weekend. The mortality following elective weekday surgery was 2.3‰ (12/5344), compared with 0.87‰ (1/1151) following weekend surgery. After adjustment, weekend surgeries were associated with an increased risk of death, especially in the emergency setting (emergency odds ratio: 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.2–6.5 vs. elective odds ratio: 0.4, 95% confidence interval: 0.05–3.2).

Conclusions
Patients undergoing emergency surgery on the weekend had higher 30-day mortality, but showed no difference in elective surgery mortality. These findings have potential implications for health administrators and policy makers who may try to restructure the hospital workweek or consider weekend elective surgery.
The clinical and cost effectiveness of surgical interventions for stones in the lower pole of the kidney: the percutaneous nephrolithotomy, flexible ureterorenoscopy and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for lower pole kidney stones randomised controlled trial (PUrE RCT) protocol
Authors: McClinton Sam , Starr Kathryn , Thomas Ruth , MacLennan Graeme , Lam Thomas , Hernandez Rodolfo , Pickard Robert , Anson Ken , Clark Terry , MacLennan Steven , Thomas David , Smith Daron , Turney Ben , McDonald Alison , Cameron Sarah , Wiseman Oliver 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Renal stones are common, with a lifetime prevalence of 10% in adults. Global incidence is increasing due to increases in obesity and diabetes, with these patient populations being more likely to suffer renal stone disease. Flank pain from stones (renal colic) is the most common cause of emergency admission to UK urology departments. Stones most commonly develop in the lower pole of the kidney (in ~35% of cases) and here are least likely to pass without intervention. Currently there are three technologies available within the UK National Health Service to remove lower pole kidney stones: extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) with laser lithotripsy. Current evidence indicates there is uncertainty regarding the management of lower pole stones, and each treatment has advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this trial is to determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of FURS compared with ESWL or PCNL in the treatment of lower pole kidney stones.

Methods
The PUrE (PCNL, FURS and ESWL for lower pole kidney stones) trial is a multi-centre, randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating FURS versus ESWL or PCNL for lower pole kidney stones. Patients aged ≥16 years with a stone(s) in the lower pole of either kidney confirmed by non-contrast computed tomography of the kidney, ureter and bladder (CTKUB) and requiring treatment for a stone ≤10 mm will be randomised to receive FURS or ESWL (RCT1), and those requiring treatment for a stone >10 mm to ≤25 mm will be randomised to receive FURS or PCNL (RCT2). Participants will undergo follow-up by questionnaires every week up to 12 weeks post-intervention and at 12 months post-randomisation. The primary clinical outcome is health status measured by the area under the curve calculated from multiple measurements of the EuroQol five dimensions five-level version (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire up to 12 weeks post-intervention. The primary economic outcome is the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained at 12 months post-randomisation.

Discussion
The PUrE trial aims to provide robust evidence on health status, quality of life, clinical outcomes and resource use to directly inform choice and National Health Service provision of the three treatment options.

Trial registration
ISRCTN: ISRCTN98970319. Registered on 11 November 2015.
Immediate and long-term consequences of COVID-19 infections for the development of neurological disease
Authors: Heneka Michael T. , Golenbock Douglas , Latz Eicke , Morgan Dave , Brown Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that infection with Sars-CoV-2 causes neurological deficits in a substantial proportion of affected patients. While these symptoms arise acutely during the course of infection, less is known about the possible long-term consequences for the brain. Severely affected COVID-19 cases experience high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and acute respiratory dysfunction and often require assisted ventilation. All these factors have been suggested to cause cognitive decline. Pathogenetically, this may result from direct negative effects of the immune reaction, acceleration or aggravation of pre-existing cognitive deficits, or de novo induction of a neurodegenerative disease. This article summarizes the current understanding of neurological symptoms of COVID-19 and hypothesizes that affected patients may be at higher risk of developing cognitive decline after overcoming the primary COVID-19 infection. A structured prospective evaluation should analyze the likelihood, time course, and severity of cognitive impairment following the COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19 preclinical models: human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice
Authors: Lutz Cathleen , Maher Leigh , Lee Charles , Kang Wonyoung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a declared pandemic that is spreading all over the world at a dreadfully fast rate. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen of COVID-19, infects the human body using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor identical to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic that occurred in 2002–2003. SARS-CoV-2 has a higher binding affinity to human ACE2 than to that of other species. Animal models that mimic the human disease are highly essential to develop therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19. Here, we review transgenic mice that express human ACE2 in the airway and other epithelia and have shown to develop a rapidly lethal infection after intranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV, the pathogen of SARS. This literature review aims to present the importance of utilizing the human ACE2 transgenic mouse model to better understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and develop both therapeutics and vaccines.
Performance of a high-frequency (180 kHz) acoustic array for tracking juvenile Pacific salmon in the coastal ocean
Authors: Rechisky Erin L. , Porter Aswea D. , Winchell Paul M. , Welch David W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Acoustic telemetry is now a key research tool used to quantify juvenile salmon survival, but transmitter size has limited past studies to larger smolts (> 130 mm fork length). New, smaller, higher-frequency transmitters (“tags”) allow studies on a larger fraction of the smolt size spectrum (> 95 mm); however, detection range and study duration are also reduced, introducing new challenges. The potential cost implications are not trivial. With these new transmitters in mind, we designed, deployed, and tested the performance of a dual-frequency receiver array design in the Discovery Islands region of British Columbia, Canada. We double-tagged 50 juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with large 69-kHz tags (VEMCO model V9-1H) and small 180-kHz tags (model V4-1H). The more powerful 69-kHz tags were used to determine fish presence in order to estimate the detection efficiency (DE) of the 180-kHz tags. We then compared the standard error of the survival estimate produced from the tracking data using the two tag types which has important implications for array performance and hypothesis testing in the sea.

Results
Perfect detection of the 69-kHz tags allowed us to determine the DE of the 180-kHz tags. Although the 180-kHz tags began to expire during the study, the estimated DE was acceptable at 76% (SE = 9%) when we include single detections. However, 95% confidence intervals on steelhead survival (64%) were 1.5 × larger for the 180-kHz tags (47–85% vs. 51–77% for 69 kHz) because of the reduced DE.

Conclusions
The array design performed well; however, single detections of the 180-kHz tags indicates that under slightly different circumstances the DE could have been compromised, emphasizing the need to carefully consider the interaction of animal migration characteristics, study design, and tag programming when designing telemetry arrays. To increase DE and improve the precision of 180 kHz-based survival estimates presented here requires either an increase in receiver density, an increase in tag sample size (and modified transmitter programming), or both. The optimal solution depends on transmitter costs, array infrastructure costs, annual maintenance costs, and array use (i.e., contributors). Importantly, the use of smaller tags reduces potential tag burden effects and allows early marine migration studies to be extended to Pacific salmon populations that have been previously impossible to study.
A rare case of epidermal inclusion cyst: an unusual complication of ear surgery
Authors: Mogre Dilesh A. , Ahmed M. D. Fazal , Banu T. Parvathi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Epidermal inclusion cysts are common tumours of the hand in industrial workers caused by entrapment of epidermal elements within the dermis. They are unusual in the head and neck region more so in the temporal region.

Case presentation
We present a 27-year-old man with a 3-month history of a slow-growing swelling in the left temporal region. He had a history of chronic otitis media and underwent an end-aural tympanomastoid surgery 5 years earlier. Physical examination revealed a 5 × 3 × 2.5 cm cystic globular minimally tender mass in the temporal fossa along with squamous active otitis media with bony erosion of the outer attic wall. High-resolution computed tomography of the left temporal bone revealed otomastoiditis with erosion of the scutum; ossicles were not identified. We hereby describe the diagnostic challenge and the plan of management of this lesion.

Conclusions
Epidermal inclusion cyst must be considered in the differential diagnosis of temporal fossa lesions especially in patients with a prior history of ipsilateral tympanomastoid surgery.
The developed Arabic version of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly
Authors: Ismail N. , Shalaby A. , Behairy R , Khodary H. , Ashraf M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Hearing impairment ranks third on the list of chronic health conditions of the elderly, after arthritis and hypertension. As average lifespans increase, it is likely that the proportion of people with hearing loss will also increase. The purpose of the study was to develop, standardize, and apply an Arabic version of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE).

Results
The mean age of the 100 subjects included in the pretest was 64.92 ± 5.937 with age ranged from 60 to 84 years. The average score for each item (simple, clear, and relevant) for each separate question obtained more than 80% which is considered valid. One hundred percent of the participants reported that the entire inventory appeared simple, clear, and relevant, we further implied the jury opinion; the total score average of our jury for the entire inventory was calculated to determine the face validity of the questionnaire and found to be 89.81%. Responses of all participants for each question were collected and showed questions 8, 21, 6, 7, and 14 obtained the highest response results for both yes and sometimes. The HHIE showed high reliability (p value < 0.001) for all questions. The demographic data of the forty participants showed no statistically significant difference between the complaining group of hearing loss and the non-complaining group as regards age and gender. There was a highly statistically significant difference between the complaining group and the non-complaining group regarding the HHIE. The sensitivity of the HHIE was 79% for severe auditory handicapping and only 24% for mild-to-moderate auditory handicapping.

Conclusion
The developed Arabic version of the HHIE has high reliability, validity, simplicity, and clarity which found consistent with the original English questionnaire and it performed well in the detection of hearing loss in elderly Egyptians. It can be applied in a large population and for use in surveys.