bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Facilitators on Pharmacovigilance Practice Among Pharmacists in Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Carandang Rogie Royce , Gumop‐as Justin Gabriel , Andoloy Salve Regina , Daguman Faye Louise , Jose Leona Jenn , Villarino Marielle , Quilala Peter 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThe underreporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remains a significant challenge in the Philippines. Pharmacists play a crucial role in ensuring medication safety, improving patient outcomes, and enhancing the overall effectiveness of pharmacovigilance (PV) systems. This study explored the barriers and facilitators affecting PV practices among pharmacists in Metro Manila.MethodsThis study employed qualitative research through in‐depth interviews using a semi‐structured topic guide. Researchers interviewed pharmacists until data saturation was reached, where no new insights emerged. Qualitative data were analyzed inductively, utilizing Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis to identify key themes. MAXQDA was used to facilitate coding and analyzing the qualitative data.ResultsA total of 40 pharmacists (72.5% female) participated in this study, evenly distributed across various practice areas and geographic locations in Metro Manila. The analysis identified four main themes related to pharmacists' nonreporting of ADRs: competency gaps, organizational challenges, reporting issues, and workplace constraints. Pharmacists' limited knowledge of ADRs and lack of experience in ADR reporting appear to be the primary barriers, along with environmental factors. Conversely, critical strategies for improving ADR notifications include capacity building, motivation and rewards, and work optimization.ConclusionPharmacists recognize the importance of reporting ADRs and view it as a professional responsibility. By prioritizing knowledge enhancement, training, and system improvements, the identification and reporting of ADRs can be strengthened, ultimately enhancing patient safety and PV practices. This positive attitude toward ADR reporting lays the groundwork for interventions designed to overcome barriers and promote a culture of active reporting among pharmacists.
Patient and Staff Experiences of Embedding Electronic Patient Reported Outcome Measures for Distress Screening and Quality of Life Assessment, Into Routine Melanoma Care: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Dempsey Kathy , Saw Robyn , Bartula Iris , Lo Serigne N. , Menzies Alexander M. , Long Georgina V. , Lawn Craig , Chung Julian , Pennington Thomas , Boyle Frances , Spillane Andrew , Dieng Mbathio , Saks Dina , Lai‐Kwon Julia , Thompson Jake R. , Morton Rachael L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePatient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are commonly collected in melanoma research. However, they are not used to guide immediate clinical care in Australia. This study explored the views and experiences of patients with Stage III melanoma and clinic staff during implementation of an electronic Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures in melanoma (ePROMs‐MEL) pilot to assess distress and quality of life.MethodsA prospective mixed‐methods study in specialist melanoma clinics in Sydney, Australia between May 2021 and February 2023. Forty‐two post‐ePROMs implementation surveys and 17 semi‐structured interviews were undertaken among patients and staff (including oncologists, melanoma nurses and clinic managers). Survey responses were tabulated using Likert scales and interview transcripts analysed thematically.ResultsOf the 31 patient survey responses, over 90% reported ePROMs were easy to complete and measured important components of their health and wellbeing. Of the 11 staff surveys, over 50% reported ePROMs to be useful when allied health referrals were accessible but found implementation disruptive to clinic workflows. Six themes about ePROMs in clinical care emerged during data analysis: (1) promoting self‐reflection; (2) conversation‐starters; (3) timing and setting; (4) fit for purpose questionnaires; (5) resource issues; (6) value and limitations of ePROMs.ConclusionPatients overwhelmingly supported the real‐time collection of ePROMs for their immediate care. In contrast, staff support was conditional on resources to maximise clinical care efficiency and minimise administrative burden.Trial Registration: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12620001149954.aspx.
Reflective Abstract Processing Reduces Negative Emotions Independent of Self‐Perspective
Authors: Yapıcı Sinem , Uzer Tuğba 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study tested predictions from Processing Mode Theory, Self‐Distancing Theory, and the Construal Matching Hypothesis by manipulating processing mode (abstract vs. concrete), self‐perspective (self‐distanced vs. self‐immersed), and the construal level of emotion (high‐level vs. low‐level) to examine their effects on negative emotional reactivity. A total of 247 emerging adults were randomly assigned to one of eight experimental conditions, where they recalled either low‐level or high‐level negative emotional experiences. Participants visualised these events from either a self‐immersed or self‐distanced perspective and then wrote essays focusing on either the abstract or concrete aspects of the events. Emotional reactivity was assessed both before and after these interventions to evaluate the effects of the manipulations. Results indicated that abstract processing significantly reduced negative emotional reactivity, regardless of self‐perspective and construal level. No significant interaction effects were observed between self‐perspective and processing mode, nor between processing mode and the construal level of emotion. These findings suggest that transitioning to a reflective abstract processing mode facilitates emotion regulation independently of psychological distance or the nature of the negative emotion. Implications for theories of self‐reflection and directions for future research, including distinctions between adaptive and maladaptive reflection, are discussed.
Psychological Distress, Resources, and Coping Strategies Among Evacuees and Non‐Evacuees From an Armed Conflict Zone: A Network Analysis
Authors: Hamama L. , Sarid O. , Hamama‐Raz Y. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on two groups: evacuees from Israel's southern and northern frontline communities following the October 7th Hamas attack, and individuals from regions not directly threatened. Using network analysis, we identified key associations and central nodes related to stress indicators (i.e., exposure to traumatic life events, physical health‐related quality of life, anxiety, and depression) as well as personal resources (i.e., self‐mastery and meaning in life), and coping strategies. The study included 221 evacuees and 145 non‐evacuees (controls), recruited via iPanel, Israel's leading online research panel. Participants completed standardised self‐report questionnaires. Evacuees exhibited higher levels of anxiety, depression, and traumatic life events, than did controls. Additionally, evacuees showed higher levels of problem‐focused coping and a greater sense of meaning in life, along with lower physical health‐related quality of life. Network analysis revealed that both groups had four sub‐networks: ‘personal state’, ‘psychological distress’, ‘resources’, and ‘coping’. However, the sub‐networks’ composition varied. Both groups shared similar sub‐networks for ‘coping’ and ‘personal state’, but differed in ‘psychological distress’ and ‘resources’. For the controls, dysfunctional coping strategies were part of ‘psychological distress’, whereas for evacuees, they were included in ‘resources’. Additionally, meaning in life was more central among the controls, influencing the interaction between coping mechanisms, personal states, and psychological distress. For evacuees, physical health‐related quality of life was more closely associated with the absence of negative factors—(i.e., anxiety, depression, traumatic experiences, and lower self‐mastery)—rather than the presence of adaptive coping strategies and meaning in life. These differences highlight the vulnerability of evacuees and the central role of personal resources. Targeted interventions that foster resources such as self‐mastery and meaning in life are vital for coping with the psychological distress associated with forced displacement.
Novel therapeutic target for diabetic kidney disease through downregulation of miRNA-192-5p and miRNA-21-5p by celastrol: implication of autophagy, oxidative stress, and fibrosis
Authors: Al-Tantawy Samar. M. , Eraky Salma.M. , Eissa Laila.A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOne of the most common microvascular effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) that may result in end-stage renal failure is diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Current treatments carry a substantial residual risk of disease progression regardless of treatment. By modulating various molecular targets, pentacyclic triterpenoid celastrol has been found to possess curative properties in the treatment of diabetes and other inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the present study investigated whether celastrol has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifibrotic effects as a natural compound against experimental DKD. Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) was utilized for inducing DKD in a rat model. Antioxidant enzymes and renal function tests were assessed in serum samples. In kidney homogenate, relative miRNA-192-5p and miRNA-21-5p gene expressions were measured. Furthermore, using real-time PCR to evaluate the gene expressions of nucleus erythroid 2–related factor-2 (Nrf-2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), proapoptotic caspase-3, antiapoptotic Bcl-2, LC-3, and Beclin-1. Moreover, the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), LC-3, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) renal expressions were assessed semi-quantitatively using immunohistochemistry. Seven weeks of celastrol (1.5 mg/kg/day) treatment significantly ameliorated DKD. Celastrol improves kidney functions. Moreover, celastrol treatment demonstrated potent antioxidant effect. The mechanism of apoptosis resulting from the administration of celastrol included the modulation of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression in the kidney. Celasterol administration leads to an increase in LC-3 and Beclin-1 renal expression that resulting in autophagy. Celastrol treatment improved renal fibrosis by decreasing TGF-β1 and MMP-2 renal expression. These antifibrotic effects could be due to their ability to inhibit miRNA-192-5p and miRNA-21-5p expression in renal tissues. Celastrol exerts a renoprotective effect by targeting miRNA-21 and miRNA-192, as well as their downstream pathways, such as autophagy, apoptosis, and fibrosis.
Integration of metabolomics and other omics: from microbes to microbiome
Authors: Go Daewon , Yeon Gun-Hwi , Park Soo Jin , Lee Yujin , Koh Hyun Gi , Koo Hyunjin , Kim Kyoung Heon , Jin Yong-Su , Sung Bong Hyun , Kim Jungyeon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Metabolomics is a cutting-edge omics technology that identifies metabolites in organisms and their environments and tracks their fluctuations. This field has been extensively utilized to elucidate previously unknown metabolic pathways and to identify the underlying causes of metabolic changes, given its direct association with phenotypic alterations. However, metabolomics inherently has limitations that can lead to false positives and false negatives. First, most metabolites function as intermediates in multiple biochemical reactions, making it challenging to pinpoint which specific reaction is responsible for the observed changes in metabolite levels. Consequently, metabolic processes that are anticipated to vary with metabolite concentrations may not exhibit significant changes, generating false positives. Second, the range of metabolites identified is contingent upon the analytical conditions employed. Until now, no analytical instrument or protocol has been developed that can capture all metabolites simultaneously. Therefore, some metabolites are changed but are not detected, generating false negatives. In this review, we offer a novel and systematic assessment of the limitations of omics technologies and propose-specific strategies to minimize false positives and false negatives through multi-omics approaches. Additionally, we provide examples of multi-omics applications in microbial metabolic engineering and host-microbiome interactions, helping other researchers gain a better understanding of these strategies.

Key points
• Metabolomics identifies metabolic shifts but has inherent false positive/negatives.
• Multi-omics approaches help overcome metabolomics’ inherent limitations.
Defining MRI-based follow-up protocol for primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Puhakka Inka K. , Sunela Kaisa L. , Rönkä Aino L. , Rajamäki Aino M. , Arkko Ulla-Mari , Klaavuniemi Tuula M. , Kuusisto Milla E.L , Jäkälä Pekka A. , Selander Tuomas A. , Kuitunen Hanne K. , Kantanen Anne-Mari , Kuittinen Outi M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The optimal follow-up protocol for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is unclear. This is the first study to evaluate the benefit of structured follow-up imaging of PCNSL with respect to the timing of relapse.

Methods
A total of 198 PCNSL patients (57.1% males) diagnosed between 2003 and 2020 were included. The data were collected retrospectively from 8 hospitals in Finland. Relapse detection details included structured follow-up imaging (sMRI) studies, additional imaging (aMRI) studies based on patients’ new symptoms, and all outpatient and emergency visits. Overall survival (OS) with respect to the relapse detection method, sMRI versus aMRI, was also evaluated.

Results
Relapse was diagnosed in 71 patients (35.9%), 66.1% of whom experienced relapse during the first 2 years after diagnosis. During the first year, 48.3% (14/29) of the relapses were detected via sMRI, and 51.7% (15/29) via aMRI. During the second year, the percentages were 33.3% and 66.7%, respectively. More than 5 years after the diagnosis, all the relapses were detected via aMRI. To observe one relapse during the first year, 9.4 sMRI studies were needed. Overall survival after relapse (OS2) was 4.0 months for the patients whose first relapse was detected via sMRI and 3.0 months for those whose first relapse was detected via aMRI (P = 0.203).

Conclusions
We found that structured imaging was beneficial for relapse detection during the first year after PCNSL diagnosis. A minor trend towards better survival after relapse was observed for patients who experienced relapse according to structured imaging.
ESR Essentials: gadolinium-wise MRI—practice recommendations by the European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology
Authors: Quattrocchi Carlo C. , Rovira Àlex , van der Molen Aart J. , Mallio Carlo A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Gadolinium Research and Education Committee (GREC) is a working group of the European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology (ESMRMB), established in 2016. The aim of the committee is to monitor scientific evidence for a continuous quality and safety improvement of enhanced MRI using gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), and also assess potential alternatives.
The scope of the present article is to describe the level of evidence concerning safety beyond the single patient (access to community and environmental impact), justification and optimization of the use of GBCAs beyond dosage (appropriateness and influence on clinical decision making), dose reduction with the use of AI (benefits and pitfalls), the advent of next-generation GBCAs (based on currently available data).

Clinical relevance
GBCAs are extensively used in MRI and influence clinical decision-making. Their use to enhance the contrast-to-noise ratio is guided by recommendations from subspecialty societies. These guidelines advocate for GBCA use as an additional tool when necessary, ensuring they are administered at the lowest reasonable dose.

Key Points

The choice of GBCAs used in radiology should be based on MRI cost-effectiveness, MRI access to the patient community, and impact on the environment, (evidence level: low).

GBCA optimization includes reducing GBCA volume burden and increasing appropriateness by including post-contrast enhancement in MRI protocols, depending on clinical indications, (evidence level: moderate).

Next-generation GBCAs show higher kinetic stability and higher T1 relaxivity when compared with standard macrocyclic GBCAs allowing comparable diagnostic accuracy at lower doses, (evidence level: moderate).
Assessing the stability of photon-counting CT: insights from a 2-year longitudinal study
Authors: Liu Leening P. , Pasyar Pouyan , Liu Fang , Cao Quy , Sandvold Olivia F. , Rybertt Martin V. , Sahbaee Pooyan , Shinohara Russell T. , Litt Harold I. , Noël Peter B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
Among the advancements in computed tomography (CT) technology, photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) stands out as a significant innovation, providing superior spectral imaging capabilities while simultaneously reducing radiation exposure. Its long-term stability is important for clinical care, especially longitudinal studies, but is currently unknown. This study sets out to comprehensively analyze the long-term stability of a first-generation clinical PCCT scanner.

Methods
Over a 2-year period, from November 2021 to November 2023, we conducted weekly identical experiments utilizing the same multi-energy CT protocol. Throughout this period, notable software and hardware modifications were meticulously recorded. Various tissue-mimicking inserts were scanned weekly to rigorously assess the stability of Hounsfield Units (HU) and image noise in Virtual Monochromatic Images (VMIs) and iodine density maps.

Results
Spectral results consistently demonstrated the quantitative stability of PCCT. VMIs exhibited stable HU values, such as variation in relative error for VMI 70 keV measuring 0.11% and 0.30% for single-source and dual-source modes, respectively. Similarly, noise levels remained stable with slight fluctuations linked to software changes for VMI 40 and 70 keV that corresponded to changes of 8 and 1 HU, respectively. Furthermore, iodine density quantification maintained stability and showed significant improvement with software and hardware changes, especially in dual-source mode with nominal errors decreasing from 1.44 to 0.03 mg/mL.

Conclusion
This study provides the first long-term reproducibility assessment of quantitative PCCT imaging, highlighting its potential for the clinical arena.

Key Points
QuestionPhoton-counting CT (PCCT) provides critical spectral imaging for improved diagnostic accuracy, but its long-term quantitative stability over time is still unknown.
FindingsThe clinical PCCT system demonstrated stable Hounsfield Units (HU) and image noise over 2 years, ensuring reliable quantitative imaging and improving diagnostic accuracy.
Clinical relevanceThis study showcased the exceptional value of PCCT in diagnostic radiology, particularly for its application in longitudinal studies.
A visual scale to rate amygdalar atrophy on MRI
Authors: Pizzini Francesca B. , Ribaldi Federica , Natale Valerio , Scheffler Max , Rossi Vittoria , Frisoni Giovanni B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Visual rating scales are routinely used in clinical radiology to assess brain atrophy on scans of patients with suspected neurodegenerative conditions. Limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) has recently been described, featuring early and severe atrophy of the amygdala. However, there is currently no scoring system specifically designed to assess amygdalar atrophy on MRI.

Objectives
to develop and validate a visual rating scale for amygdalar atrophy.

Materials and methods
Stringent criteria were developed for no, mild/moderate, and severe amygdalar atrophy based on axial and coronal volumetric T1-weighted MRI scans. Inter- and intra-rater reliabilities were estimated by three independent expert neuroradiologists in 100 randomly selected scans from the Geneva Memory Center cohort selected to be representative of the variability of medial temporal atrophy. Convergent validity was evaluated versus amygdalar volumes extracted by FreeSurfer on 1943 consecutive patients. Criterion validity versus autopsy-confirmed LATE neuropathologic changes were studied in the pathological subset of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort (N = 96).

Results
Intra- and inter-rater agreements of amygdalar visual ratings were between substantial and almost perfect (weighted Cohen’s Kappa 0.71 to 0.93). Visual ratings were strongly associated with amygdalar volumes (p ≤ 0.001 on the Kruskal–Wallis test). LATE neuropathologic changes were associated with visual ratings of amygdalar atrophy (p = 0.057 on a test for trend).

Conclusion
The proposed visual amygdalar atrophy scale is a reliable and valid tool to assess amygdalar atrophy on MRI and can be a useful adjunct in routine radiological reporting.

Key Points

Question

Assessment of amygdalar atrophy is crucial for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases, as the limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, yet no validated visual rating scale exists.

Findings

The proposed amygdalar atrophy scale demonstrated high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, strong correlation with amygdalar volumetry, and association with limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE).

Clinical relevance

The amygdalar atrophy scale provides a reliable practical assessment tool that enhances diagnostic accuracy for dementia-related conditions, particularly aiding in identifying limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy.