bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of an Arabic Version of the Reminiscence Functions Scale
Authors: Khait Abdallah Abu , Shellman Juliette 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Reminiscence Functions Scale (RFS), a 43 item reliable and valid scale, measures eight specific reasons as to why individuals reminisce: (a) identity (b) death preparation; (c) problem-solving; (d) bitterness revival; (e) boredom reduction; (f) intimacy maintenance; (g) conversation; and (h) teach/Inform others. Research indicates that certain reminiscence functions have a positive impact on the mental-health and well-being of older adults. However, no known studies have been conducted in Arab countries examining the relationship between reminiscence functions and mental health outcomes due to the lack of an Arabic version of the RFS. The purpose of this study was to translate the RFS from English to Arabic (Modern Standard Arabic), back-translate from Arabic to English, and compare the two English versions for equivalence and accuracy through a multi-step translation method. A team of bilingual, bicultural, Arabic speaking experts assembled to conduct the forward, back translation and harmonization process. In the next step, professionals with expertise in linguistics communication sciences and disorders, Arabic literature, geriatric nursing, and medicine reviewed the translated documents to assess the content (relevant to the target culture) and semantic equivalencies (similarity of meaning in the target culture). Challenges that occurred during the study included finding nuanced translation equivalences for Likert scale responses, translation of idioms such as “when time is heavy on my hands”, and logistical issues such as coordinating virtual meetings for the team of experts. Lessons learned during the translation process and implications for use of the RFS-Arabic version with Jordanian older adults will be presented.
Patterns of Obligation of Care Among Urban and Rural Americans
Authors: Sosa Johanna , Esiaka Darlingtina , Nwakasi Candidus 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, there is concern about the shortage of adult children who are active participants in the care of their older parents (those 65 years and above). Reviewed studies suggest that attitudes towards the provision of care for older parents differ and may depend on ecological affordances. Particularly, demographic changes due to urbanization shape constructions of obligation to provide eldercare. This study examined patterns of filial responsibility and felt obligation of adult children toward their older parents among rural and urban dwellers in the US. Participants (N= 187) responded to questionnaires assessing filial responsibility, felt obligation to parents, and additional social and demographic characteristics. Results show that rural Americans reported higher levels of filial responsibility and felt obligation to older parents. Also, filial responsibility is associated with the felt obligation for contact with parents, avoidance of conflict with parents, provision of assistance and care, self-sufficiency and independence from parents, and sharing of personal experiences with parents. Our findings indicate the existence of cultural ecological contexts that afford a sense of duty, care, and assistance to older parents. We discuss strategies that acknowledge the relevance of these factors in promoting participation in eldercare.
The Relationship Between Functional Decline of Care Recipients and Health of Caregivers
Authors: Cho Jinmyoung , Stevens Alan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pearlin’s stress-process model (2010) depicts that functional decline in care-recipient would shape caregiving burden and impact on caregiver’s health. With this background, we explored how the changes in care-recipients’ physical and cognitive functioning are related to the caregivers’ physical health. A total of 853 care-recipients from the Rounds 1 and 5 of the National Health and Aging Trend Study (NHATS) and their 1,303 caregivers from Round 5 of National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) were included. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify correlates of self-rated health and the number of chronic conditions with the change in physical and cognitive functioning from Round 1 to 5 and multidimensional caregiver burden. Physical functioning measured by the NHATS short physical performance battery included balance stands, walking chair stands, grip strength, and peak airflow. Memory, orientation, and executive functioning measured cognitive functioning. Multidimensional caregiver burden includes four domains (emotional, psychological, relationship, and resilience) identified with factor analysis. Background factors (recipient’s age, assisting recipients for 5 years, race/ethnicity, and number of chronic conditions of recipient) were included as covariates. After controlling covariates, the data showed that 5-year change of physical functioning and caregiver’s emotional burden were negatively significant for self-rated health; and assisting care-recipients for 5 years or more was significant for more numbers of chronic conditions among caregivers. Findings highlight that caregivers’ physical health is closely associated with care-recipient’s functional decline for long-term caregiving experiences. Further investigation on caregiver’s physical health using multiple health outcomes is needed to promote physical health in long-term caregivers.
The Contribution of Eight Modifiable Risk Factors to Dementia Prevalence in Jamaica
Authors: Ashby-Mitchell Kimberly , Eldemire-Shearer Denise 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The number and proportion of dementia cases in Jamaica attributable to eight modifiable lifestyle factors was calculated using factor analysis in Stata and Levin’s Attributable Risk formula (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, depression, low educational attainment, smoking, overweight, obesity and vision problems). Four sources of data were used: (1) risk factor prevalence data were obtained from the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey, 2008, (2) relative risk data were sourced from published meta-analyses, (3) factor analysis in Stata version 15 was performed to estimate shared variance among risk factors utilising data from the Health and Social Status of Older Persons in Jamaica Study and, (4) estimated prevalence of dementia in Jamaica in 2012 was obtained from a 2018 publication by Shearer et al. Obesity was found to be responsible for the largest proportion of dementia cases (13.94%; 2508 cases) followed by hypertension (10.64%; 1917 cases), low educational attainment (7.21%; 1299 cases), overweight (6.42%; 1156 cases), smoking (3.90%; 702 cases), diabetes (3.38%; 608 cases), depression (1.00%; 181 cases) and impaired vision (0.002%; 34 cases%). Using this largely theoretical model, the eight factors examined account for approximately 46.0% of dementia cases. Dementia risk reduction programs that target even one of these factors has the potential to result in significant reduction in future dementia prevalence as they are all interrelated. In future work, as these data become available, the contribution of mid-life obesity, mid-life hypertension and physical inactivity will also be taken into consideration.
Undiagnosed Diabetes: Identifying the Community Paths to Type 2 Diabetes Diagnostic Testing
Authors: Chard Sarah , Girling Laura , Henderson Loren , Eckert J Kevin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Over seven million U.S. adults are estimated to have undiagnosed diabetes and are at heightened risk of diabetes complications and poorer long-term glycemic control. Key to addressing undiagnosed diabetes is identifying how persons encounter diabetes testing in everyday life and the contextual factors that lead to consulting a health care provider. As part of the NIA-funded Subjective Experience of Diabetes Study we examined the pathways through which community-living African-American and non-Hispanic White older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (N=75) received their T2D diagnosis. Systematic, thematic analyses using ATLAS.ti reveals three primary routes to diabetes diagnosis: diagnosis through continuity of primary care, diagnosis through happenstance testing, and diagnosis following the exacerbation of symptoms. While diagnosis as part of routine care was the least reported (N=13), participants’ accounts suggest diagnosis in primary care validates the patient-provider relationship and provides an occasion to calmly establish a treatment plan. More frequently, however, diagnosis occurs through fortuitous encounters with glucose tests, e.g., through work or community research projects (N=15) or after symptoms become alarming and disrupt daily life (N=47). Participants’ experiences in these latter two categories reveal the critical role of insurance and social prompts in the decision to consult a clinical provider regarding symptoms. At the same time, the abundance of over-the-counter therapies treating conditions commonly found early in the emergence of diabetes can delay clinical follow up. These findings highlight the importance of social prompts and community-based testing in the fight to reduce undiagnosed diabetes.
Health Personality, Consumer Health Activation, and Loneliness
Authors: Cone Nicholas , Martin Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between health personality traits, consumer health activation (CHAI) and loneliness. Data for these analyses were collected by a large provider of Medicare Supplemental Health Insurance. The study consisted of 3,907 participants, 65 years and older. Participants were surveyed on health personality (e.g., Health Neuroticism, Health Extraversion, Health Openness, Health Agreeableness, and Health Conscientiousness), Consumer Health Activation, and Loneliness. Structural equation modeling and mediation were conducted through Mplus. The hypothesized model fit without direct paths from health personality to loneliness was not optimal. Adding direct paths from health neuroticism, health openness, and health agreeableness to loneliness resulted in an excellent fit, □2 (5) = 0.86, RMSEA = 0.00, CFI = 1.00. Health neuroticism and health openness were negatively related to health activation, which suggests respondents were less likely to be active about their health. Alternatively, health agreeableness and health conscientiousness were positively related to health activation, indicating more health activation. Mediation was tested for pathways from health personality dispositions to loneliness through health activation. The results suggest individuals higher in health neuroticism or health openness were less activated, which in turn indicated higher loneliness. Moreover, those higher in health agreeableness or health conscientiousness were more activated and indicated less loneliness. This study provides an understanding about loneliness through health personality and health activation. Future research should explore interventions for older adults with specific health personalities, or health activation to reduce loneliness levels.
Personality Pathology and Cognitive Aging
Authors: Cruitt Patrick , Hill Patrick , Oltmanns Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Research on the relationship between normal-range personality and cognitive aging has demonstrated consistent, but modest, effects. The current investigation seeks to increase our understanding of unhealthy cognitive aging by examining the maladaptive extremes of personality. Borderline and avoidant personality disorder (PD), but not obsessive-compulsive PD, were hypothesized to show prospective associations with cognitive aging. The current investigation tested this hypothesis in two longitudinal studies of older adulthood: the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center cohort (ADRC, N = 434, Mage = 69.95, 56% women) and the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network study (SPAN, N = 1,058, Mage = 65.92, 54% women). The ADRC study administered a battery of neuropsychological tests to assess cognitive ability/memory. Borderline PD was measured with a composite derived from the NEO Five Factor Inventory. The SPAN study administered self-, informant, and interview measures of the three PDs, a free recall memory task, and an informant report measure of cognitive problems. Borderline PD features exhibited cross-sectional correlations with memory (ADRC: r = -.11; SPAN: all rs = -.08), general cognitive ability (ADRC: r = -.11), and informant reported cognitive problems (rs ranged from .15 to .39). These features also prospectively predicted changes in cognitive problems (Std. bs = .13 and .15), but not in memory or cognitive ability. Avoidant and obsessive-compulsive PD exhibited little association with cognitive aging. These findings suggest that borderline PD features may interfere with cognitive maintenance interventions. Furthermore, they argue for the development of PD treatments adapted for the context of later life.
Intersectionality: Mapping Critical Relations for Quality in Long-Term Care Research
Authors: Aubrecht Katie , Bourgeault Ivy , Daly Tamara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Intersectionality is a useful method (Lutz, 2015) for interdisciplinary long-term care (LTC) research to advance a more critical understanding of how experiences of quality are shaped by mutually reproducing social divisions, identities and relations of power that shape LTC. This paper discusses insights from the “Mapping Care Relationships” stream of the Seniors – Adding Life to Years (SALTY) project, a pan-Canadian program of research examining clinical, social and policy perspectives on quality in LTC. “Mapping Care Relationships” mapped how promising approaches to care relationships are organized and experienced in LTC. From January 2018-August 2019 our team of nine researchers conducted rapid ethnographies in eight nursing homes, two in each of four provinces across Canada. We purposively observed and interviewed workers from a wide variety of positions and backgrounds, informed by an intersectionality approach. We traced how promising approaches in person-centred dementia care (PCDC) in particular may reify the subordinated status of care workers (some more than others) and reinforce inequities within LTC systems. In multiple LTC homes, front-line care workers described experiencing physical and emotional harm in care relationships with residents which caused them distress. However, consistent with a PCDC approach, the harm was attributed to ‘behaviours’ clinically symptomatic of dementia. In framing power differentials from a medical perspective, PCDC makes it possible to interpret harmful experiences as 'part of the job’ and something workers should know to expect, prevent, avoid, redirect, or ignore. Lutz, H. (2015). Intersectionality as method. DiGeSt. Journal of diversity and gender studies, 2(1-2), 39-44.
Sport Involvement Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Arthritis: Motivations and Constraints to Participation
Authors: Janke Megan , Son Julie , Naar Jill , West Stephanie , Liechty Toni , Wong Jen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although participation in physical activity is recommended for adults with arthritis, research indicates individuals often stop participating in sports and physically active leisure due to the pain and symptoms associated with arthritis (Wilcox et al., 2006). Examining a group of older adults with arthritis, the present study examines motivations and constraints related to participating in sport and physically active leisure as well as how they negotiate constraints. Data (N=1203) were collected through an online questionnaire of adults aged 50 and older in the United States. This study includes individuals reporting a diagnosis of some form of arthritis (n=288; M age = 64.8, SD = 8.08). Approximately 32% self-reported participation in sport in the past 12 months. Descriptive statistics were conducted to explore motivations and constraints to sport involvement. Regressions were run to determine whether constraints and motivations explained adults’ functional mobility and social wellbeing. The most commonly identified motivation for participation was for health purposes (80.2%). Constraints to participation included not being in good enough shape (51.9%) and not having others their age with whom to participate (47.4%). The most commonly identified constraint negotiation was to budget money (51.4%); this is not surprising since sport participation was perceived as expensive (41.3%). Motivations (p&lt;.01) and constraints (p&lt;.001) significantly predicted functional mobility; constraints significantly predicted some aspects of social wellbeing (i.e., coherence, contribution, actualization; p&lt;.05) while constraint negotiation predicted social acceptance (p&lt;.05) and integration (p&lt;.001). Discussion will include implications and strategies for agencies and professionals who work with adults who have arthritis.
Daily Relationships Between Physical Activity and Sleep: Differences Between Subjective and Objective Measures
Authors: Bisson Alycia , Lachman Margie , Bisson Alycia Sullivan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although there is evidence that physical activity (PA) and sleep are related, it is unclear which aspects of these multidimensional constructs are involved. Many have examined differences in PA and sleep between persons, but few have tested daily associations within persons. The present study examined sleep (duration; hours spent asleep, WASO; wake after sleep onset, latency; time to fall asleep) and PA (total and intensity) over 7 days, using both a self-reported diary (subjective) and an ActiWatch (objective). Healthy adults between 34 and 83 came to University of Wisconsin, Madison to participate in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Biomarker study (N=436, Mage: 56.92, SDage: 11.5). Subjective and objective measures showed differential relationships; subjective duration was higher, and latency was lower than objective measures. Some age differences were also found; older adults reported more WASO than middle-aged adults, but their WASO was similar according to actigraphy. Multilevel models revealed that total PA and intensity significantly predicted subjective and objective sleep measures, controlling for age, sex, and other demographic variables. More active participants had shorter sleep durations, WASO, and latency. Within-person analyses revealed that on days one is more active than average, sleep duration is shorter with less WASO across age. Although the negative relationship between PA and sleep duration was unexpected, it is possible that because more active individuals wake less during the night, they may need fewer hours of sleep because their sleep is more restful. Discussion will focus on possible mechanisms involved in linking PA and sleep.
Silver Finance—Asset Management of Elderly People in the Modern Era
Authors: Yang Frances , Hin Ka , Cheung Edward , Lou Vivian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to explore the elderly people’s knowledge, attitude, and understandings toward financial management, and how they behave in using IT-supported financial services. Mixed methodologies, including quantitative street survey and qualitative focus group interviews, are used. The result shows an active involvement with investment market of the mature segments despite claiming safe and stable returns as the paramount principle of asset management. They also have a substantial knowledge on some of the technological-enabled financial services, particularly the younger groups (age 50-59). Cybersecurity is their major concern and barrier on whether to use them or not. Besides, their value and behaviors of buying mature adult financial products should be understood within a context of traditional family culture value. Based on the above analysis, the elderly can be categorized into three major types in using IT-supported financial products and services, including proactive users, passive followers and hard opposition. On the one hand, this research breaks up the outdated stereotype of technology use among elderly people; on the other hand, aged people are facing the challenges of cognitive and physical decline led by ageing. As such, it is essential to conduct specific financial literacy intervention. This project brings new insights into the financial education which is appropriate to the elderly.
Development and Validation of the Age Integration Scale: Measuring Older Adults’ Intergenerational Attitudes
Authors: Roman Carly , Zelinski Elizabeth , Beam Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Opportunities for age integration (i.e., more intergenerational connections) are increasing among older adults, as a greater number live longer and are capable of interacting with younger individuals. Attitudes toward other generations can be considered a barrier that promotes or discourages intergenerational connections. While existing measures tend to focus on attitudes toward aging or older adults, they do not evaluate older adults’ attitudes toward younger individuals. Item response theory (IRT) was used to create an attitude scale evaluating older adults’ perceptions of their own age integration with younger individuals. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 100 older adults (55+ years old) who completed a 30-item age integration survey assessing their agreement (on a 5-point Likert scale) with statements about intergenerational beliefs and intentions to have intergenerational connections. IRT analyses supported a 10-item age integration scale indicating a unidimensional construct. The scale consists of items with moderate discrimination and difficulty levels on a 4-point Likert scale. Composite reliability of the 10-item scale was 0.83, which is considered substantial. Tests of convergent validity demonstrated that the total scale score correlated 0.68 with generativity. Discriminant validity tests suggest that the scale does not correlate strongly with satisfaction with life, purpose, depression, need for cognition, or considerations for future consequences, as the correlations ranged from -0.01 to 0.38. This novel measure provides an important, less-considered perspective of intergenerational relationships by assessing older adults’ attitudes toward younger individuals. Future studies will validate this scale in a larger, more generalizable sample.
Inconsistent Capacity Assessment Access for Adult Protective Services: National Survey Results
Authors: Sivers-Teixeira Theresa , Sadamitsu Kelly , Stevens Gregory , Penate Christina , Olsen Bonnie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Throughout the country, access to professional capacity assessments is inconsistent. Capacity assessments are often a critical factor in case management of elder abuse investigations. This unmet need for many Adult Protective Services (APS) programs hampers their ability to protect older adults from mistreatment and preserve self-determination when appropriate. In June 2019, electronic surveys regarding access to capacity assessments were sent to APS leadership in all 58 California counties. A similar survey is planned for each US state in June 2020. In California, with 100% response rate, 53% of counties had no access to assessments and 56.1% had no funding for assessments. Most assessments were completed by physicians or psychologists. Seventy-three percent of counties reported that primary care physicians complete requests for capacity declarations less than half the time. Physicians decline to complete capacity declarations because they don’t know how to do the assessments (22.4%) and are concerned about being called into court (28.5%). Findings from the national survey will be presented along with maps illustrating capacity assessment accessibility. Factors that appear to influence accessibility positively (forensic centers) and negatively (lack of funding and lack of trained evaluators) will be discussed along with policy implications.