bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Selection to a Nonlethal Cold Stress in Trogoderma variabile Shows Associations With Chronic Cold Stress and Body Size
Authors: Gerken Alison R , Abts Shelby R , Scully Erin D , Campbell James F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Extreme temperature has been used as an alternative to chemical treatments for stored product pests for years. Resistance to heat or cold treatments has not been documented in stored product insects, but repeated use of ineffective treatments could lead to adaptive tolerance. Trogoderma variabile (Dermestidae) is a common pest of stored products, and the larval stage is highly resistant to cold and destructive. We artificially selected populations by inducing chill coma at four different cold temperature treatments: 3 and 5 h at −10°C and 3 and 5 h at 0°C. Recovery time was highly heritable after selection for seven generations for decreased recovery time (cold tolerance) and increased recovery time (cold susceptibility) at all time and temperature combinations. Three replicate populations for each time and temperature combination varied substantially, suggesting different mutations in each population were probably responsible for selected phenotypes. Body size decreased in populations selected for cold susceptibility compared with those selected for cold tolerance and survivorship to long-term cold stress increased in the cold-tolerant populations compared with the susceptible populations. After the cessation of the selection experiment, cold tolerance dissipated within four generations from the populations at −10°C, but was maintained in populations exposed to 0°C. Our results suggest that warehouse beetles can adapt to cold stress quickly, but in the absence of cold stress, the proportion of cold-tolerant/susceptible individuals is quickly reduced, suggesting that some of the mutations responsible for these phenotypes may be associated with fitness costs under normal conditions.
A clinical comparison of the effectiveness of two types of orthodontic aligning archwire materials: a multicentre randomized clinical trial
Authors: Nabbat Sarah A , Yassir Yassir A 
Published: December 2019

SummaryObjectivesTo compare the heat-activated nickel titanium (HANT) with superelastic nickel-titanium (SENT) archwires in terms of their effectiveness of aligning teeth, possibility of inducing root resorption, and perception of pain.Subjects and methodsOrthodontic patients aged 12 years or over with mandibular anterior crowding of 3–6 mm, who required treatment without extractions were randomly allocated (a simple non-stratified randomization) to the HANT and SENT archwires groups with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The archwire sequence in both groups was 0.014-inch and 0.016-inch, respectively. Each archwire was placed for 4 weeks. The outcome measures included the amount of crowding assessed blindly using Little’s irregularity index (LII), apical root resorption, and pain perception. The effectiveness of alignment was tested using 2 × 2 mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) model, while root resorption and pain perception were tested by the Mann–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P &lt; 0.05).ResultsThirty-four patients were randomized and recruited from four centres, of those 31 were analysed (15 participants for the HANT and 16 for the SENT groups) with an overall mean age of 19.13 ± 5.73 years. The total reduction in the LII was 2.69 mm and 2.74 mm for the HANT and SENT groups, respectively. This did not reach the level of statistical (P = 0.809) or clinical significance. Similarly, root resorption and pain perception showed non-significant difference between groups. However, there was a slight increase in root resorption with the SENT group.LimitationsA long-term evaluation of root resorption is required.ConclusionsBoth HANT and SENT archwires were equally effective in the aligning stage of orthodontic treatment. Root resorption with SENT wires should be monitored throughout treatment.RegistrationThe trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 18 September 2019, registration number: NCT04090931.
Contrast and contact: civilians in French trench newspapers of the Great War*
Authors: Stice Elizabeth 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article looks at representations of civilians in French trench newspapers of the Great War to examine soldiers’ discourses about the wartime relationship between soldiers and civilians. Trench newspapers demonstrate that contrasting experiences of the war created tension and soldiers were sometimes frustrated by civilians. However, poilus also longed for contact with civilians and communication with them helped to sustain their resolve. While some earlier scholarship has suggested that Great War soldiers were considerably alienated from civilians, these sources, alongside newer scholarship, suggest that there was more than animosity and alienation between soldiers and civilians, at least in the French case. Trench newspapers also suggest the importance of intended audience in considering war-related narratives and suggest distinctions about the relationship between soldiers and civilians in the French case.
Mechanism of activation of plant monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1 (MGD1) by phosphatidylglycerol
Authors: Nitenberg Milène , Makshakova Olga , Rocha Joana , Perez Serge , Maréchal Eric , Block Maryse A , Girard-Egrot Agnès , Breton Christelle 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol are essential galactolipids for the biogenesis of plastids and functioning of the photosynthetic machinery. In Arabidopsis, the first step of galactolipid synthesis is catalyzed by monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1 (MGD1), a monotopic protein located in the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts, which transfers a galactose residue from UDP-galactose to diacylglycerol (DAG). MGD1 needs anionic lipids such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG) to be active, but the mechanism by which PG activates MGD1 is still unknown. Recent studies shed light on the catalytic mechanism of MGD1 and on the possible PG binding site. Particularly, Pro189 was identified as a potential residue implicated in PG binding and His155 as the putative catalytic residue. In the present study, using a multifaceted approach (Langmuir membrane models, atomic force microscopy, molecular dynamics; MD), we investigated the membrane binding properties of native MGD1 and mutants (P189A and H115A). We demonstrated that both residues are involved in PG binding, thus suggesting the existence of a PG-His catalytic dyad that should facilitate deprotonation of the nucleophile hydroxyl group of DAG acceptor. Interestingly, MD simulations showed that MGD1 induces a reorganization of lipids by attracting DAG molecules to create an optimal platform for binding.
Adaptor protein complex 4 deficiency: a paradigm of childhood-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by defective protein trafficking
Authors: Behne Robert , Teinert Julian , Wimmer Miriam , D’Amore Angelica , Davies Alexandra K , Scarrott Joseph M , Eberhardt Kathrin , Brechmann Barbara , Chen Ivy Pin-Fang , Buttermore Elizabeth D , Barrett Lee , Dwyer Sean , Chen Teresa , Hirst Jennifer , Wiesener Antje , Segal Devorah , Martinuzzi Andrea , Duarte Sofia T , Bennett James T , Bourinaris Thomas , Houlden Henry , Roubertie Agathe , Santorelli Filippo M , Robinson Margaret , Azzouz Mimoun , Lipton Jonathan O , Borner Georg H H , Sahin Mustafa , Ebrahimi-Fakhari Darius 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Deficiency of the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) leads to childhood-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia (AP-4-HSP): SPG47 (AP4B1), SPG50 (AP4M1), SPG51 (AP4E1) and SPG52 (AP4S1). This study aims to evaluate the impact of loss-of-function variants in AP-4 subunits on intracellular protein trafficking using patient-derived cells. We investigated 15 patient-derived fibroblast lines and generated six lines of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons covering a wide range of AP-4 variants. All patient-derived fibroblasts showed reduced levels of the AP4E1 subunit, a surrogate for levels of the AP-4 complex. The autophagy protein ATG9A accumulated in the trans-Golgi network and was depleted from peripheral compartments. Western blot analysis demonstrated a 3–5-fold increase in ATG9A expression in patient lines. ATG9A was redistributed upon re-expression of AP4B1 arguing that mistrafficking of ATG9A is AP-4-dependent. Examining the downstream effects of ATG9A mislocalization, we found that autophagic flux was intact in patient-derived fibroblasts both under nutrient-rich conditions and when autophagy is stimulated. Mitochondrial metabolism and intracellular iron content remained unchanged. In iPSC-derived cortical neurons from patients with AP4B1-associated SPG47, AP-4 subunit levels were reduced while ATG9A accumulated in the trans-Golgi network. Levels of the autophagy marker LC3-II were reduced, suggesting a neuron-specific alteration in autophagosome turnover. Neurite outgrowth and branching were reduced in AP-4-HSP neurons pointing to a role of AP-4-mediated protein trafficking in neuronal development. Collectively, our results establish ATG9A mislocalization as a key marker of AP-4 deficiency in patient-derived cells, including the first human neuron model of AP-4-HSP, which will aid diagnostic and therapeutic studies.
Reflection on modern methods: cause of death decomposition of cohort survival comparisons
Authors: Canudas-Romo Vladimir , Adair Tim , Mazzuco Stefano 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Life expectancy is most commonly measured for a period (corresponding to mortality within a given year) or for a specific birth cohort. Although widely used, period and cohort life expectancy have limitations as their time-trends often show disparities and can mask the historical mortality experience of all cohorts present at a given time. The truncated cross-sectional average length of life, or TCAL, is a period measure including all available cohort mortality information, irrespective of whether all cohort members have died. It is particularly useful for comparing cohort mortality between populations. This study extends TCAL by disentangling causes of death contributions. The strength of the approach is that it allows identification of mortality differences in cohorts with members still alive, as well as identification of which ages and causes of death contribute to mortality differentials between populations. Application of the method to Japan shows that over the period 1950–2014 a major contributor to TCAL differences with other high-longevity countries was its lower cardiovascular disease mortality.
Regulation of CRF mRNA in the Rat Extended Amygdala Following Chronic Cocaine: Sex Differences and Effect of Delta Opioid Receptor Agonism
Authors: Connelly Krista L , Unterwald Ellen M 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCocaine withdrawal activates stress systems. Females are more vulnerable to relapse to cocaine use and more sensitive to withdrawal-induced negative affect. Delta opioid receptors modulate anxiety-like behavior during cocaine withdrawal in rats. This study measured the time course of gene regulation of one of the main stress peptides, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and its type 1 receptor in male and female rats as well as the ability of the delta opioid receptor agonist SNC80 to normalize cocaine withdrawal-induced changes in CRF mRNA.MethodsRats were injected with cocaine or saline 3 times daily for 14 days. Brains were collected 30 minutes, 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 days, and 14 days following the last injection. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, central amygdala, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis were processed for quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR measurement of CRF and CRFR1 mRNA. Additional rats received SNC80 during early cocaine withdrawal, and CRF mRNA was measured in the central amygdala.ResultsCRF mRNA was elevated in the central amygdala at 24 hours and the paraventricular nucleus at 48 hours of cocaine withdrawal in males and females. Significant sex differences in cocaine-induced CRF upregulation were found in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis at 30 minutes and 24 hours. SNC80 administration attenuated the increase in CRF mRNA in the central amygdala of female rats only.ConclusionsCRF mRNA regulation during cocaine withdrawal is sex, time, and brain region dependent. Administration of a delta opioid receptor agonist during early withdrawal may ameliorate stress-related negative affect in females by abrogating the induction of CRF mRNA.
On the Classification of ALE Kähler Manifolds
Authors: Hein Hans-Joachim , Răsdeaconu Rareş , Şuvaina Ioana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe underlying complex structure of an ALE Kähler manifold is exhibited as a resolution of a deformation of an isolated quotient singularity. As a consequence, there exist only finitely many diffeomorphism types of minimal ALE Kähler surfaces with a given group at infinity.
The Orlicz Aleksandrov Problem for Orlicz Integral Curvature
Authors: Feng Yibin , He Binwu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the Orlicz integral curvature is introduced, and some of its basic properties are discussed. The Orlicz Aleksandrov problem characterizing the Orlicz integral curvature is posed. The problem is solved in two situations when the given measure is even.
Integrin crosstalk allows CD4+ T lymphocytes to continue migrating in the upstream direction after flow
Authors: Kim Sarah Hyun Ji , Hammer Daniel A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In order to perform critical immune functions at sites of inflammation, circulatory T lymphocytes must be able to arrest, adhere, migrate and transmigrate on the endothelial surface. This progression of steps is coordinated by cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs), chemokines, and selectins presented on the endothelium. Two important interactions are between Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1) and Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and also between Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Recent studies have shown that T lymphocytes and other cell types can migrate upstream (against the direction) of flow through the binding of LFA-1 to ICAM-1. Since upstream migration of T cells depends on a specific adhesive pathway, we hypothesized that mechanotransduction is critical to migration, and that signals might allow T-cells to remember their direction of migration after the flow is terminated. Cells on ICAM-1 surfaces migrate against the shear flow, but the upstream migration reverts to random migration after the flow is stopped. Cells on VCAM-1 migrate with the direction of flow. However, on surfaces that combine ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, cells crawl upstream at a shear rate of 800 s−1 and continue migrating in the upstream direction for at least 30 minutes after the flow is terminated—we call this ‘migrational memory’. Post-flow upstream migration on VCAM-1/ICAM-1 surfaces is reversed upon the inhibition of PI3K, but conserved with cdc42 and Arp2/3 inhibitors. Using an antibody against VLA-4, we can block migrational memory on VCAM-1/ICAM-1 surfaces. Using a soluble ligand for VLA-4 (sVCAM-1), we can promote migrational memory on ICAM-1 surfaces. These results indicate that, while upstream migration under flow requires LFA-1 binding to immobilized ICAM-1, signaling from VLA-4 and PI3K activity is required for the migrational memory of CD4+ T cells. These results indicate that crosstalk between integrins potentiates the signal of upstream migration.
Pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim/sulfametrole in critically ill patients on continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Welte René , Beyer Rudolph , Hotter Johannes , Broeker Astrid , Wicha Sebastian G , Gasperetti Tiziana , Ranke Paul , Zaruba Marc-Michael , Lorenz Ingo , Eschertzhuber Stephan , Ströhle Mathias , Bellmann-Weiler Rosa , Joannidis Michael , Bellmann Romuald 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated the effect of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on the pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim and sulfametrole.

Patients and methods
We enrolled critically ill adults undergoing CRRT and critically ill adults with normal or slightly impaired renal function (plasma creatinine concentration &lt;1.5 mg/dL, control group). All patients received trimethoprim/sulfametrole at standard doses. Pharmacokinetics were determined after the first dose and at steady-state. In addition, a population pharmacokinetic model using plasma data was built. We also assessed the renal clearance (CLR) and the extracorporeal clearance in patients undergoing CRRT.

Results
Twelve patients were enrolled in the CRRT group and 12 patients in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in trimethoprim pharmacokinetics between the two groups. In patients on CRRT, total plasma clearance (CLtot) and V of sulfametrole were significantly higher than in the control group. However, sulfametrole exposure was not significantly altered during CRRT. The population pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that neither CRRT intensity nor residual diuresis were significant covariates on trimethoprim or sulfametrole CL. Median CL by continuous venovenous haemofiltration accounted for about one-third of CLtot of trimethoprim and for about one-half of CLtot of sulfametrole. In patients on CRRT, CLR of trimethoprim and sulfametrole were &lt;5% of CLtot.

Conclusions
During CRRT, standard doses of trimethoprim/sulfametrole appear to be adequate.
Baseline Toxicity of the Insecticides Bifenthrin and Thiamethoxam on Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Collected From the Eastern United States
Authors: Alford Adam , Kuhar Thomas P , Hamilton George C , Jentsch Peter , Krawczyk Grzgorz , Walgenbach James F , Welty Celeste 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an invasive species in the United States that attacks a wide variety of agricultural commodities including fruits, vegetables, agronomic crops, and ornamental plants. Populations of H. halys adults were collected from four and six states in 2017 and 2018, respectively, and tested using topical applications to establish baseline levels of susceptibility to two commonly used insecticides, bifenthrin and thiamethoxam. A Probit-estimated (95% fiducial limits) LD50 and LD99 of 2.64 g AI/L (1.2–3.84 g AI/L) and 84.96 g AI/L (35.76–716.16 g AI/L) for bifenthrin, and a LD50 and LD99 of 0.05 g AI/liter (1.14E-5–0.27 g AI/L) and 150.11 g AI/L (27.35–761,867 g AI/L) for thiamethoxam, respectively. These baseline levels can be used for future insecticide resistance monitoring in H. halys.
The benefit and strategy of spring movements in Mongolian gazelles
Authors: Imai Shunsuke , Ito Takehiko Y , Shinoda Masato , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Lhagvasuren Badamjav 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Animal movement is predicted to be nomadic in areas with low temporal predictability of environmental conditions, but it remains unclear whether the costs of nomadic movement outweigh the benefits received. To examine the spring movement strategy of Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa) in Mongolia, where predictability of vegetation conditions is relatively low, we identified the type of each movement, evaluated the preferred vegetation conditions for gazelles, and quantified the benefit achieved through each spring movement. The surveyed gazelles continuously preferred areas with intermediate normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values from May to July, and spatial and temporal shifts of the distribution of preferred areas explain the long-distance movements of many gazelles in spring. Three movement types, sedentary, linear, and nomadic movement, were identified. The period when benefit varied most greatly among individuals differed between the linear and nomadic movement types. During the spring movement period, the variance of benefit was larger for the nomadic movement type, whereas during the summer it was larger for the linear movement type, suggesting the existence of different movement strategies in the Mongolian gazelle. Linear long-distance movements over a short period in the linear movement type suggest the so-called jumper strategy, whereas other movement patterns might represent the searcher strategy. Benefit loss through movements of individuals in both strategies indicate low interannual predictability of vegetation conditions in the study area, and it would explain the co-existence of multiple movement types or strategies used by Mongolian gazelles in spring.
Constructing India as a Similar Enough Other: The Bush Administration's Strategic Narrative of the US-India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement
Authors: Barthwal-Datta Monika 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article investigates how senior Bush administration officials publicly legitimized the administration's proposal for a United States-India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement in 2005–2006, in their efforts to get the proposal approved by Congress. Adopting a critical constructivist approach, I argue that the Bush administration's proposed nuclear deal with India, a nonparty to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), clashed with, and destabilized, official United States self-identity representations as a creator/upholder of the global nuclear nonproliferation regime. The Bush administration's efforts to mediate this conflict took the form of a strategic issue narrative, to create a discursive “moment of possibility” for the proposed policy shift. This narrative drew on existing United States discourses of India's subject positions and naturalized the latter as a Similar Enough Other deserving exception under United States, and global, nonproliferation regimes. The narrative aligned these constructions of India, and of the proposed deal as an “unprecedented opportunity” for the United States to forge closer strategic relations with India, with representations of a global order as shifting toward Asia. In doing so, it reoriented United States-India relations toward a highly desirable future, contingent on congressional approval of the proposed deal. The analysis makes an important conceptual contribution to the literature on strategic narratives, and critical constructivist scholarship more broadly, by illuminating how policy actors use strategic issue narratives, and the construction of specific subject positions therein, to redraw the boundaries of acceptable action vis-à-vis an Other that, at first glance, seems precluded in the prevailing normative-discursive environment.
Gender, Events, and Elite Messages in Mass Opinion on Foreign Relations
Authors: Bae Joonbum , Lee YuJung Julia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDo women respond in different ways to foreign policy events and elite messages compared to men? This article integrates the literature on gender and conflict with that on public opinion to examine how gender matters for the effect of elite messages and national security events on public opinion regarding a foreign adversary. We theorize that women’s opinions of an adversary are more likely than men’s to be influenced by national security events because of the higher value they attach to the costs of conflict. Our empirical analysis takes advantage of the natural setting of inter-Korea relations, which includes unpredictable, thus plausibly exogenous, real-world national security events instigated by North Korea and contrasting messages regarding North Korea by South Korea’s elites during this timeframe. Using annual survey data from a nationally representative sample of South Koreans about attitudes toward North Korea from 2003 to 2016, we find that foreign policy events of high consequence for national security have a greater negative impact on women’s opinions. This is the case even in the face of positive elite messages that contradict those events.