bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rates of primary and secondary treatments for patients on active surveillance for localized prostate cancer—A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Matta Rano , Hird Amanda E. , Dvorani Erind , Saskin Refik , Nason Gregory J. , Kulkarni Girish , Kodama Ronald T. , Herschorn Sender , Nam Robert K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe rate of primary and secondary treatment while on active surveillance (AS) for localized prostate cancer at the general population level is unknown. Our objective was to determine the patterns of secondary treatments after primary surgery or radiation for patients who undergo AS.MethodsThis was a population‐based retrospective cohort study of men aged 50‐80 years old in Ontario, Canada, between 2008 and 2016. We identified 26 742 patients with prostate cancer, a Gleason grade score ≤7, and an index prostate‐specific antigen ≤10 ng/mL. Patients were categorized as undergoing AS with or without delayed primary treatment (DT; treatment >6 months after diagnosis) versus immediate treatment (IT; treatment ≤6 months). Patients receiving DT and IT were propensity score matched and the rate of secondary treatment (surgery or radiation ± androgen deprivation treatment) was compared using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsWe identified 10 214 patients who underwent AS and 11 884 patients who underwent IT. Among patients undergoing AS, 3724 (36.5%) eventually underwent DT and among them, 406 (10.9%) underwent secondary treatment. The median time to DT was 1.2 years (IQR 0.5‐8.1 years). The relative rate of undergoing secondary treatment was similar in the DT vs IT group (HR 0.92; 95% CI: 0.79‐1.08). The risk of death in the DT group was higher compared to patients who did not undergo treatment (HR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.49).ConclusionsAmong patients with localized prostate cancer on AS, one third undergo DT. The rate of secondary treatment was similar between the DT and IT groups. Patients in the DT group may experience a higher risk of mortality compared to those who remained on AS.
Psychologically informed practice (PIP) within the offender personality disorder pathway: Towards establishing an evidence base for approved premises
Authors: Bruce Matthew , Patel Shivani , Stevens Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe United Kingdom (UK) government has commissioned numerous interventions across all stages of the criminal justice pathway for managing offenders likely to have a personality disorder, with the intention to reduce reoffending, improve psychological wellbeing, and develop workforce capabilities. Psychologically Informed Practice (PIP) models underpin these. To evaluate a modified PIP model within the post‐imprisonment community stage of the Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) pathway, specifically workforce development, within all London (UK) probation supervised hostels (approved premises), we used both non‐equivalent control group and pre‐post repeated measure designs to compare changes in staff and offender outcomes before and after introduction of a PIP model across all 12 London approved premises. Findings revealed statistically significant improvements in a number of workforce outcomes (measured using the Personality Disorder ‐ Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory) which were moderated by age and gender. Data did not support associated improvements in resident offender outcomes (progressive moves, rearrests/reoffences, or breaches leading to recalls). The modified PIP is an effective intervention model for improving some workforce outcomes among probation supervised hostel staff, particularly for women, but our findings suggest that intervention development may be required for significant improvements to be observed in resident offending outcomes. In addition, further research is necessary to determine the longer term effects of PIP on absenteeism, employee turnover, quality of resident‐staff interactions, and overall culture change among staff working within the post‐imprisonment community stage of the OPD pathway.
Modelling method of data‐driven model combined with a priori knowledge and its application in average particle size estimation of composite colloidal sols
Authors: Zhou Yang , Li Shaojun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA universally applicable hybrid modelling method is proposed for nonlinear industrial processes that combine the a priori process knowledge with a data‐driven model. This method constructs a unified framework for the modelling process by integrating a data‐driven modelling technique, sampling detection technique, constraint optimization problem, and an evolutionary algorithm. In the modelling process, a swarm intelligence algorithm is used to optimize the model parameters under the circumstances of satisfying the constraints of a priori knowledge. By adding the constraints of process a priori knowledge, more information can be obtained about the actual process and the over‐fitting problem can be avoided to some extent, especially when modelling a system with a small quantity of samples. In order to show the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper, two general data‐driven models, the polynomial regression model and radial basis function network model, are used as case studies. Moreover, a function simulation experiment is designed to test effectiveness, and applied to estimate average particle size of ZrO2‐TiO2 composite colloidal sols.
The Effect of the Structural‐Phase State and Diffusion Processes on Electrical Conductivity of Nanocrystalline FexCo100−x/Cu/ FexCo100−x Thin Films (0 < x < 100)
Authors: Saltykov Dmytro , Shumakova Natalia , Pazukha Iryna , Shkurdoda Yurii , Protsenko Serhii 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe complex investigation of the crystal, diffusion processes, and electrical conductivity of FexCo100−x (0 < x < 100) film alloys and FexCo100−x/Cu/FexCo100−x/Sub three‐layer films with a ferromagnetic layer thickness dF = 20–50 nm and a nonmagnetic layer thickness dN = 2–30 nm has been carried out. For both as‐deposited and annealed at 700 K films at x = 50, 80 at%, the phase composition corresponds to bcc‐FexCo100−x (single‐layer films) or bcc‐FexCo100−x + fcc‐solid solution of Fe and Co atoms that isomorphically replace each other in the Cu lattice (three‐layer film). At x = 20 at%, the phase composition of as‐deposited single‐layer films corresponds to bcc‐FexCo100−x + hcp‐Co and bcc‐FexCo100−x + fcc‐Cu + hcp‐Co in the case of three‐layer films. After heat treatment at 700 K, the phase composition corresponds to bcc‐FexCo100−x + fcc‐Co (single‐layer films) and bcc‐FexCo100−x + fcc‐s.s. Cu (Fe, Co) (three‐layer film). For three‐layer samples with dF = 30–50 nm, dN = 10–30 nm, annealing at 700 K does not lead to complete mixing of the layers, their original order is preserved. In the temperature dependence of the resistivity, three characteristic regions, where the various electron scattering mechanisms dominate, are distinguished and grounded.
Multiple colonization and dispersal events hide the early origin and induce a lack of genetic structure of the moss Bryum argenteum in Antarctica
Authors: Zaccara Serena , Patiño Jairo , Convey Peter , Vanetti Isabella , Cannone Nicoletta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe dispersal routes of taxa with transoceanic disjunctions remain poorly understood, with the potential roles of Antarctica not yet demonstrated. Mosses are suitable organisms to test direct intra‐Antarctic dispersal, as major component of the extant Antarctic flora, with the cosmopolitan moss Bryum argenteum as ideal target species. We analyzed the genetic structure of B. argenteum to provide an evolutionary time frame for its radiation and shed light into its historical biogeography in the Antarctic region. We tested two alternative scenarios: (a) intra‐Antarctic panmixia and (b) intra‐Antarctic genetic differentiation. Furthermore, we tested for evidence of the existence of specific intra‐Antarctic dispersal routes. Sixty‐seven new samples (40 collected in Antarctica) were sequenced for ITS nrDNA and rps4 cpDNA regions, and phylogenetic trees of B. argenteum were constructed, with a focus on its Southern Hemisphere. Combining our new nrDNA dataset with previously published datasets, we estimated time‐calibrated phylogenies based on two different substitution rates (derived from angiosperms and bryophytes) along with ancestral area estimations. Minimum spanning network and pairwise genetic distances were also calculated. B. argenteum was potentially distributed across Africa and Antarctica soon after its origin. Its earliest intra‐Antarctic dispersal and diversification occurred during a warming period in the Pliocene. On the same timescale, a radiation took place involving a dispersal event from Antarctica to the sub‐Antarctic islands. A more recent event of dispersal and diversification within Antarctica occurred during a warm period in the Pleistocene, creating favorable conditions also for its colonization outside the Antarctic continent worldwide. We provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that contemporary populations of B. argenteum in Antarctica integrate a history of both multiple long‐range dispersal events and local persistence combined with in situ diversification. Our data support the hypothesis that B. argenteum has been characterized by strong connectivity within Antarctica, suggesting the existence of intra‐Antarctic dispersal routes.
“Into and Out of” the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and the Himalayas: Centers of origin and diversification across five clades of Eurasian montane and alpine passerine birds
Authors: Päckert Martin , Favre Adrien , Schnitzler Jan , Martens Jochen , Sun Yue‐Hua , Tietze Dieter Thomas , Hailer Frank , Michalak Ingo , Strutzenberger Patrick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEncompassing some of the major hotspots of biodiversity on Earth, large mountain systems have long held the attention of evolutionary biologists. The region of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) is considered a biogeographic source for multiple colonization events into adjacent areas including the northern Palearctic. The faunal exchange between the QTP and adjacent regions could thus represent a one‐way street (“out of” the QTP). However, immigration into the QTP region has so far received only little attention, despite its potential to shape faunal and floral communities of the QTP. In this study, we investigated centers of origin and dispersal routes between the QTP, its forested margins and adjacent regions for five clades of alpine and montane birds of the passerine superfamily Passeroidea. We performed an ancestral area reconstruction using BioGeoBEARS and inferred a time‐calibrated backbone phylogeny for 279 taxa of Passeroidea. The oldest endemic species of the QTP was dated to the early Miocene (ca. 20 Ma). Several additional QTP endemics evolved in the mid to late Miocene (12–7 Ma). The inferred centers of origin and diversification for some of our target clades matched the “out of Tibet hypothesis’ or the “out of Himalayas hypothesis” for others they matched the “into Tibet hypothesis.” Three radiations included multiple independent Pleistocene colonization events to regions as distant as the Western Palearctic and the Nearctic. We conclude that faunal exchange between the QTP and adjacent regions was bidirectional through time, and the QTP region has thus harbored both centers of diversification and centers of immigration.
Historian's pasts and scenario planning: Commentary on Schoemaker 2020
Authors: McDonald David MacLaren 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSchoemaker's paper makes a strong case for the adoption of historical methods and perspectives in the practice of scenario planning. The discipline's attention to complex causation, change processes, and continuity/change across time offers a balance and richness to scenarios, while its emphasis on narratives helps anticipate the range of views and expectations among participants in the planning process, enriching it in the process.
Effect of fish oil and telmisartan on dehydroepiandrosterone‐induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats: The role of oxidative stress, transforming growth factor beta‐1, and nuclear factor kappa B
Authors: Kabel Ahmed M. , Ashour Ahmed M. , Omar Mohamed S. , Estfanous Remon S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOur aim was to explore the effect of telmisartan and/or fish oil on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)‐induced PCOS in rats. Sixty female rats were divided into six equal groups as follows: Control; DHEA‐induced PCOS; DHEA + Telmisartan; DHEA + Fish oil; DHEA + Carboxymethyl cellulose; and DHEA + Telmisartan +Fish oil group. Plasma sex hormones, anthropometric measurements, and the glycemic indices were measured. Tissue oxidative stress parameters and the proinflammatory cytokines were assessed. The ovaries were subjected to histopathological and electron microscopic examination. Telmisartan and/or fish oil induced significant improvement of insulin resistance with amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation compared to PCOS group. Also, telmisartan and/or fish oil restored the hormonal levels and the anthropometric measurements to the normal values. This was significant with telmisartan/fish oil combination compared to the use of each of these agents alone. In conclusion, this combination may represent a promising hope for amelioration of PCOS.
Lightning for Energy and Material Uses: A Structured Review
Authors: Helman Daniel S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe average atmospheric charge density of Earth is neutral. Charge built up from thunderstorms and lightning phenomena is offset by oceanic surface charging, and offers a source of energy that has not been harnessed broadly. Unfortunately, the total terrestrial energy of the Earth’s atmospheric electrical system is modest (250–500 MW) compared to industrial requirements: Innovations are likely to offer improvements to societal efficiency rather than broad transformations. Direct capture systems located in places with very high occurrence of lightning discharge can generate ≈1 kWh per year on average. Material processing via triggered lightning is limited to techniques that utilize rapid discharges, e.g., metal and glass preprocessing of materials, waste volume reduction, biomass energy conversion, where current prices make plasma‐arc processes prohibitive. Triggered lightning may be used to assist blasting of mountain rock; or as a high‐voltage input for processes such as nuclear fusion. Passive collection of atmospheric electricity is modest but may be used in urban agriculture to increase biomass production. Thunderstorm charge‐separation processes suggest a new class of electricity generators based on kinetic energy and material collision. Ball lightning suggests additional research in dusty plasmas. These methods are all at proof‐of‐concept or early translation stages.
Spontaneous remission of rectal ulcer associated with SpaceOAR® hydrogel insertion in radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Imai Kazuto , Sakamoto Hiromasa , Akahane Mizuho , Nakashima Masakazu , Fujimoto Takeru , Aoyama Teruyoshi 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionThe SpaceOAR® hydrogel system separates the prostate and rectum to reduce rectal irradiation during prostate radiotherapy. However, it could induce rectal toxicity.Case presentationA 75‐year‐old man with localized prostate cancer underwent external beam radiotherapy with the use of SpaceOAR® System. However, postimplant magnetic resonance imaging showed hydrogel infiltration to the rectum. Three months after implantation, he complained of bowel symptoms, including bloody stool. Colonofiberscopy and computed tomography revealed a rectal ulcer associated with SpaceOAR® hydrogel insertion. He was treated with fasting, fluid replacement, and blood transfusion. One year after implantation, complete healing was confirmed during outpatient follow‐up.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report of a rectal ulcer associated with SpaceOAR® hydrogel insertion assessed by magnetic resonance imaging beforehand. Postimplant magnetic resonance imaging evaluation might be a useful follow‐up tool in such cases.
Multi‐scale simulation reveals that an amino acid substitution increases photosensitizing reaction inputs in Rhodopsins
Authors: Hernández‐Rodríguez Erix W. , Escorcia Andrés M. , van der Kamp Marc W. , Montero‐Alejo Ana L. , Caballero Julio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEvaluating the availability of molecular oxygen (O2) and energy of excited states in the retinal binding site of rhodopsin is a crucial challenging first step to understand photosensitizing reactions in wild‐type (WT) and mutant rhodopsins by absorbing visible light. In the present work, energies of the ground and excited states related to 11‐cis‐retinal and the O2 accessibility to the β‐ionone ring are evaluated inside WT and human M207R mutant rhodopsins. Putative O2 pathways within rhodopsins are identified by using molecular dynamics simulations, Voronoi‐diagram analysis, and implicit ligand sampling while retinal energetic properties are investigated through density functional theory, and quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical methods. Here, the predictions reveal that an amino acid substitution can lead to enough energy and O2 accessibility in the core hosting retinal of mutant rhodopsins to favor the photosensitized singlet oxygen generation, which can be useful in understanding retinal degeneration mechanisms and in designing blue‐lighting‐absorbing proteic photosensitizers.
Toward prediction of the precatalyst activation mechanism through the cross‐coupling reactions: Reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(0) in precatalyst of the type Pd‐PEPPSI
Authors: Ahmadvand Zeinab , Bayat Mehdi , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPd‐PEPPSI type complexes are widely used as precatalyst in a variety of organic reactions, including the Negishi, Kumada and Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions. The aim of this research is to determine potential proposed reaction pathways 1, 2, or 2′ (See Schemes 1 and S1–S4) for Pd‐PEPPSI precatalyst activation in the presence of ethylene glycol as a solvent also in the gas phase at Cam‐B3LYP‐D3 method nominated among eight DFT methods examined. There is also investigation into the impact of promoter bases (NaOEt, NaOiPr, NaOtBu) on precatalyst activation of Pd‐PEPPSI. Eventually, the most favorable proposed reaction pathway and promoter base for reducing Pd(II) to Pd(0) are predicted computationally. Notably, our findings are consistent with the organ Pd‐PEPPSI type complexes that offer increased catalytic activity and provide basic information in the presence of solvents designing the monoligated Pd(0)‐solvent.
Delineating the clinical spectrum of isolated methylmalonic acidurias: cblA and mut
Authors: Hörster Friederike , Tuncel Ali Tunç , Gleich Florian , Plessl Tanja , Froese Sean D. , Garbade Sven F. , Kölker Stefan , Baumgartner Matthias R. ,   Additional Contributors from E‐IMD
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionLong‐term outcome is postulated to be different in isolated methylmalonic aciduria caused by mutations in the MMAA gene (cblA type) compared with methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase deficiency (mut), but case definition was previously difficult.MethodCross‐sectional analysis of data from the European Registry and Network for Intoxication type Metabolic Diseases (Chafea no. December 1, 2010).ResultsData from 28 cblA and 95 mut patients in most cases confirmed by mutation analysis (including 4 new mutations for cblA and 19 new mutations for mut). Metabolic crisis is the predominant symptom leading to diagnosis in both groups. Biochemical disturbances during the first crisis were similar in both groups, as well as the age at diagnosis. Z scores of body height and body weight were similar in both groups at birth, but were significantly lower in the mut group at the time of last visit. Glomerular filtration rate was significantly higher in cblA; and as a consequence, chronic renal failure and related complications were significantly less frequent and renal function could be preserved even in older patients. Neurological complications were predominantly found in the mut subgroup. Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) levels in urine and plasma were significantly lower in cblA. 27/28 cblA patients were reported to be responsive to cobalamin, only 86% of cblA patients were treated with i.m. hydroxocobalamin. In total, 73% of cblA and 98% of mut patients followed a calculated diet with amino acid supplements in 27% (cblA) and 69% (mut). During the study interval, six patients from the mut group died, while all cblA patients survived.ConclusionAlthough similar at first, cblA patients respond to hydroxocobalamin treatment, subsequently show significantly lower levels of MMA and a milder course than mut patients.
Oncogenic mutations within the β3‐αC loop of EGFR/ERBB2/BRAF/MAP2K1 predict response to therapies
Authors: Zhang Biao , Chen Yongsheng , Dai Pingping , Yu Haoda , Ma Jianhui , Chen Chen , Zhang Yan , Guan Yanfang , Chen Rongrong , Liu Tao , Wang Jiayin , Yang Ling , Yi Xin , Xia Xuefeng , Ma Haitao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundβ3‐αC loop is a highly conserved structural domain across oncogene families, which is a switch for kinase activity. There have been numerous researches on mutations within β3‐αC loop in EGFR, but relatively less in ERBB2, BRAF, and MAP2K1. In addition, previous studies mainly focus on β3‐αC deletion in EGFR, which is the most common type affecting kinase activity and driving lung cancer. Other mutation types are not well studied.MethodsHere we analyzed the profile of β3‐αC loop mutations in a total of 10,000 tumor biopsy and/or ctDNA patient samples using hybridization capture‐based next‐generation sequencing.ResultsWe identified 1616 mutations within β3‐αC loop in this cohort. Most mutations were located in EGFR, with less percentage in ERBB2, BRAF, and MAP2K1. EGFR β3‐αC deletions occurred at a high percentage of 96.7% and were all drug‐relevant. We also detected rare EGFR β3‐αC insertions and point mutations, most of which were related to EGFR TKIs resistance. ERBB2 β3‐αC deletions were only found in breast cancers and sensitive to EGFR/ERBB2 inhibitor. Moreover, BRAF and MAP2K1 mutations within β3‐αC loop also demonstrated drugs relevance.ConclusionOur study showed that oncogenic mutations within the β3‐αC loop of ERBB2, MAP2K1, and BRAF are analogous to that of EGFR, which have profound effect on drug response. Understanding the mutation profile within the β3‐αC loop is critical for targeted therapies.
Two rare PROX1 variants in patients with lymphedema
Authors: Ricci Maurizio , Amato Bruno , Barati Shila , Compagna Rita , Veselenyiova Dominika , Kenanoglu Sercan , Stuppia Liborio , Beccari Tommaso , Baglivo Mirko , Kurti Danjela , Krajcovic Juraj , Serrani Roberta , Dundar Munis , Basha Syed H. , Chiurazzi Pietro , Bertelli Matteo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe PROX1 gene is specifically expressed in a subpopulation of endothelial cells that, by budding and sprouting, give rise to the lymphatic system. It also plays a critical role in neurogenesis and during development of many organs, such as the eye lens, liver, and pancreas.MethodsWe used next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to sequence the DNA of a cohort of 246 Italian patients with lymphatic malformations. We first investigated 29 known disease‐causing genes: 235 of 246 patients tested negative and were then retested for a group of candidate genes, including PROX1, selected from a database of mouse models. The aim of the study was to define these patients’ genotypes and explore the role of the candidate gene PROX1 in lymphedema.ResultsTwo of 235 probands were found to carry rare heterozygous missense variants in PROX1. In silico analysis of these variants—p.(Leu590His) and p.(Gly106Asp)—indicates that the overall protein structure was altered by changes in interactions between nearby residues, leading to functional protein defects.ConclusionsOur results suggest that PROX1 is a new candidate gene for predisposition to lymphedema.