bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of grammatical variability in Early Modern English drama
Authors: Hardie Andrew , van Dorst Isolde 
Published: August 2020

Grammar is one of the levels within the language system at which authorial choices of one mode of expression over others must be examined to characterise in full the style of the author. Such choices must however be assessed in the context of an understanding of the extent of variability that exists generally in the language. This study investigates a set of grammatical features to understand their variability in Early Modern English drama, and the extent to which Shakespeare’s grammatical style is distinct from or similar to that of his contemporaries in so far as these features are concerned. A review of prior works on Shakespeare’s grammar establishes that the quantitatively informed corpus linguistic approach utilised in this study is innovative to this topic. Using two of the grammatically annotated corpora created by the Encyclopedia of Shakespeare’s Language project, one made up of Shakespeare’s plays, one of plays by other playwrights of the period, we present a method which steers a course between the narrow focus of close reading and the naïvely quantitative metrics of authorship analysis. For a set of 15 grammatical features of stylistic interest, we retrieve all instances of each feature in each play via complex corpus search patterns and calculate its relative frequency. These results are then considered, in aggregate and at the text level, to assess the differences across plays, across dramatic genre, and between Shakespeare and the other dramatists, via both statistical summary and visual representation of variability. We find that Shakespeare’s grammatical style tends (especially in comedies and tragedies) to disprefer informationally dense noun phrases relative to the other playwrights; and, moreover, to prefer tense, aspect and pronoun features which suggest a greater degree of narrative focus in his style. Furthermore, we find Shakespeare to be highly distinct in his preferences regarding verb complement subordinate clause types. These findings point the way both to a novel methodology and to further as yet unconsidered questions on the subject of Shakespeare’s grammatical style.
Language exposure outside the home becomes more English-dominant from 30 to 60 months for children from Spanish-speaking homes in the United States
Authors: Welsh Stephanie N , Hoff Erika 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to document the out-of-home exposure to English and Spanish experienced by children from Spanish-speaking homes in the United States during the preschool years. Methodology: Primary caregivers of 149 children from Spanish-speaking homes in South Florida reported on their children’s language exposure. Data and analysis: Descriptive statistics and paired-samples t-tests described and compared children’s exposure to English and Spanish outside the home. Multi-level modeling described trajectories of change and the influence of family characteristics on English and Spanish out-of-home exposure. Findings: Children heard more English than Spanish outside of their homes. Grandparents were the primary out-of-home source of exposure to Spanish. Language exposure in preschool and extracurricular activities was primarily English. From 30 to 60 months, English exposure increased, while Spanish exposure decreased. Within this general pattern, there was variability in children’s out-of-home language exposure as a function of parents’ language backgrounds and maternal education. Originality: Studies of bilingual children’s language exposure have focused on home language use. The present study shows that out-of-home experiences are a significant source of exposure to societal language (SL) for children from language minority homes. Implications: For children in immigrant families, the home and family members outside the home are the primary sources of heritage language exposure. Out-of-home language experience is SL-dominant and increasingly so as children get older, although the degree to which this is the case differs depending on parental characteristics.
Resilient Leadership: The Impact of a Servant Leader on the Resilience of their Followers
Authors: Eliot Jason L. 
Published: August 2020

The Problem Businesses and their leaders regularly face disruptive change, uncertain economic futures and the pressure of improving employee well-being. To not only withstand these crises but to rebound and even grow stronger, organizations must develop resilient leaders and a resilient workforce. Human resource development (HRD) professionals are responsible for resilience development within an organization and need to understand whether the development of servant leaders also increases leader and workforce resilience. The Solution Leaders with a high level of resilience are able to respond in positive ways to crises their organizations may encounter and, by exhibiting that resilience and those positive responses, are able to increase the level of resilience of those around them. Servant leaders focus their efforts on meeting the psychological needs and health of their followers and are therefore well placed to positively impact subordinate resilience. This article explores the ability of servant leadership to positively impact and grow the resilient capacity of those impacted by the servant leader. It proposes that HRD professionals can increase the resilience capabilities of an organization through the development of servant leaders who also exhibit resilient behaviors. The Stakeholders This article benefits organizations, leaders, employees, and HRD professionals as well as resilience and leadership scholars and practitioners.
Preface to the Special Issue on “The Impact of Resilience in Developing Individual and Organizational Capacity to ‘Bounce Back’ from Challenges”
Authors: Bal Matthijs 
Published: August 2020

The Problem Stress, anxiety, depression, and similar emotional and psychological inhibitors may negatively impact employee well-being and dignity, quality of work-life, and overall organizational performance. These inhibitors may be produced through events such as structural or procedural changes, tensions emanating from diminished work relationships, pressures related to the work itself, perceptions of unjust or unfair treatment, or other forces that may affect an individual’s capacity to function and perform well. The Solution This Special Issue explores approaches to gain insight to the ways individuals, as well as the organizations they serve, may become more resilient and bounce back from adversity. The interdisciplinary relationship between human resource development (HRD) and human resource management (HRM) is crucial for effective strategies to overcome negative outcomes. The Stakeholders HRD scholars, practitioners, researchers, and all other professionals concerned with optimizing employee well-being and optimizing the capacity to perform will benefit from this Special Issue.
Bacterial contamination of protective lead garments in an operating room setting
Authors: Gilat Ron , Mitchnik Ilan , Beit Ner Eran , Shohat Noam , Tamir Eran , Weil Yoram A , Lazarovitch Tsilia , Agar Gabriel 
Published: August 2020

Background: Protective lead garments (PLG) worn in the operating room are a potential source for bacterial colonisation and thus may increase the risk of intraoperative infection. The clinical significance of such bacterial contamination has yet been established. Although disinfection protocols have been employed, their effectiveness is also unknown. Objective: We sought to describe and compare the bacterial profile of PLGs with a focus on common pathogens involved in surgical site infections (SSI) and prosthetic joint infections (PJI). Methods: We studied body aprons and neck-thyroid protective shields. We sampled 20 body aprons and 21 neck PLGs, swabbing the inside and outside of the PLGs. Swabs were cultured on different media and the results were assessed and compared. Results: Of PLGs, 87.8% were contaminated. The neck-thyroid shield PLGs was generally more contaminated than body apron PLGs and exhibited significantly higher loads of Staphylococcus epidermidis ( P = 0.048). Other pathogen cultured were Micrococcus spp., Acinetobacter lwoffii ( A. lwoffii), Bacillus species ( Bacillus spp.), Moraxella osloensis ( M. osloensis) and Pseudomonas stutzeri ( P. stutzeri). No other common pathogens associated with SSI or PJI were detected. Conclusions: PLGs are heavily contaminated despite regular cleaning protocols. Neck PLGs are highly contaminated with potentially infectious agents. As neck PLGs are often directly exposed above the surgical sterile gown and the surgical field, measures should be undertaken to reduce their exposure and bacterial load, perhaps by suggesting users consider avoiding the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy when possible or alternatively supporting the use of body exhaust suits when PLGs are needed.
Predictive Low Glucose Suspend Algorithm in Real Life: A Five-Year Follow-Up Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Tubili Claudio , Pollakova Daniela , Nardone Maria Rosaria , Di Folco Ugo 
Published: August 2020

Aim: Sensor-augmented pumps with predictive low glucose suspend function (PLGS-SAP) help patients avoid hypoglycemia and improve quality of life: in this retrospective study, we investigated long-term effects of PLGS-SAP on metabolic outcomes, acute and chronic diabetic complications, in particular cardiovascular events. Materials and Methods: One hundred thirty-nine adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated for more than 10 years with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) were followed for 5 years; 71 (Group 1) started to use PLGS-SAP, and 68 (Group 2) maintained on their non-PLGM insulin pump. Glucose control measures (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], acute diabetic complications), clinical outcomes (body mass index [BMI], arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia), chronic diabetes-related complications, and device utilization (continuous glucose monitoring utilization, use of temporary basal rates or special boluses, carbohydrate counting usage) were assessed. Results: The reduction of HbA1c was significant in Group 1 (from 7.5% ± 1.1% to 7.0% ± 1.0%, P = .02), while in Group 2 it did not reach statistical significance (from 7.5% ± 1.1% to 7.4% ± 0.9%, P = .853). BMI increased significantly in Group 2 (from 25.3 ± 2.8 to 25.7 ± 3.4, P < .001), but not in Group 1 (from 25.2 ± 3.5 to 25.2 ± 2.8, P = .887). There were no statistically significant differences in occurrence of acute diabetes complications, other clinical outcomes, prevalence of diabetes-related complications, or device utilization between the groups. Conclusions: In our five-year follow-up experience with T1D CSII users, PLGS-SAP has resulted efficient in improving metabolic control and maintaining the body weight.
Survival and associated factors of mortality of preterm neonates admitted to Felege Hiwot specialized hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Authors: Tamene Ayanaw , Abeje Gedefaw , Addis Zelalem 
Published: August 2020

Background: The complication of prematurity is the second commonest cause of under-five mortality in Ethiopia. Amhara region has the highest neonatal mortality rate in the country. There was no previous study and this study aimed to assess the survival of preterm neonates and its associated factors of preterm neonatal mortality admitted to Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, to take necessary action to maximize survival of preterm babies in developing countries. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 686 preterm neonates admitted in Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital from 1 August 2017 to 30 July 2018. Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to show the survival rate of preterm neonates and the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify covariates of survival of preterm neonates. Those variables having a p-value less than 0.05 were statistically significant for the survival of preterm neonates. Result: Out of 686 preterm neonates admitted from 1 August 2017 to 30 July 2018, 49.1% neonates were improved and discharged and 36.1% died. The survival rate was 0%, 19.4%, 46.7% and 75% for gestational age <28 weeks, 28–31 + 6 weeks, 32–33 + 6 weeks and 34–36 + 6 weeks, respectively. In the multivariate Cox regression model, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, asphyxia, hospital-acquired infection, birth weight, gestational age and place of delivery were significantly associated with time to death of preterm neonates at 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The mortality rate (36.1%) of preterm neonates is unacceptably high in Felege Hiwot hospital compared to other similar hospitals in Ethiopia. More than 50% of preterm neonatal deaths can be prevented with available resources. Neonatal units with adequate and committed manpower, using a strict aseptic technique, proper follow-up, early detection and timely management of complications, are recommended to improve the survival of preterm neonates.
Telemedicine: An Innovative Twist to Primary Health Care in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Iqbal Md. Hafiz 
Published: August 2020

Background: Health care service is worsening in the remote villages due to less complete and further away of healthcare facilities and service and makes this service costs compared to those of urban people. Telemedicine service provides a potential solution regarding this particular issue. This study provides empirical evidence of the benefits package consists of hypothetical telemedicine service and evaluates the economic benefit of telemedicine service. Methods: The study measures marginal willingness-to-pay (MWTP) responses to policy change on a sample (n = 203) observations. A randomized conjoint experiment has conducted in 7 remote villages of 3 coastal districts of the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. Each respondent ranks 3 options-two hypothetical alternatives and the telemedicine status quo scheme. The level of attributes-payment for telemedicine service, sample collection from home, medicine delivery to home, capitation through online technology, service delivery frequency, and blood pressure and glucose measure at home-are randomly and jointly assigned to the 2 alternatives. Results and Conclusions: Coastal villagers would like to pay more in option 4 and above. The lower payment for telemedicine service does not necessarily imply low demand for telemedicine, as the findings from MWTP illustrate potential demand for telemedicine in coastal villages in Bangladesh.
Assessment of parental nurturing and associated social, economic, and political factors among children in the West Bank of the occupied Palestinian territory (WB/oPt)
Authors: Harsha Nouh , Ziq Luay , Lynch Margaret A. , Giacaman Rita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundParental nurturing expressed through love and affection is a broad concept that entails caring for children and their activities, encouraging them and praising their achievements. Lack of love and affection makes children more susceptible to psychological problems such as stress, anxiety and depression across their life time. This study aims to evaluate parental nurturing and associated social, economic, and political factors among Palestinian children living in the West Bank (WB).MethodsSecondary data representative of the Palestinian children living in the WB was used to estimate parental nurturing for children aged 0–12 years as reported by their mothers. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted, followed by multivariate analysis for all predictors found significant in the bivariate analysis using SPSS® version 20.Results19.90% (231/1162) of children experienced low levels of parental nurturing. No statistically significant differences were detected by the child’s gender. Children with high levels of parental nurturing were those aged 0–6 years, children who were last in the family index, children with no disability, children exposed to low to medium levels of disciplinary methods, children from urban areas, children living in North WB, and children whose families were not subjected to political violence.ConclusionsOverall, Palestinian mothers reported high levels of parental nurturing towards their children. However, about one-fifth of Palestinian children are at risk of experiencing low levels of parental nurturing. Efforts should be placed in addressing the health and welfare needs of these high-risk children’s groups.
CRID3, a blocker of apoptosis associated speck like protein containing a card, ameliorates murine spinal cord injury by improving local immune microenvironment
Authors: Chen Yu-Qing , Wang Sai-Nan , Shi Yu-Jiao , Chen Jing , Ding Shu-Qin , Tang Jie , Shen Lin , Wang Rui , Ding Hai , Hu Jian-Guo , Lü He-Zuo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAfter spinal cord injury (SCI), destructive immune cell subsets are dominant in the local microenvironment, which are the important mechanism of injury. Studies have shown that inflammasomes play an important role in the inflammation following SCI, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a card (ASC) is the adaptor protein shared by inflammasomes. Therefore, we speculated that inhibiting ASC may improve the local microenvironment of injured spinal cord. Here, CRID3, a blocker of ASC oligomerization, was used to study its effect on the local microenvironment and the possible role in neuroprotection following SCI.MethodsMurine SCI model was created using an Infinite Horizon impactor at T9 vertebral level with a force of 50 kdynes and CRID3 (50 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected following injury. ASC and its downstream molecules in inflammasome signaling pathway were measured by western blot. The immune cell subsets were detected by immunohistofluorescence (IHF) and flow cytometry (FCM). The spinal cord fibrosis area, neuron survival, myelin preservation, and functional recovery were assessed.ResultsFollowing SCI, CRID3 administration inhibited inflammasome-related ASC and caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 activation, which consequently suppressed M1 microglia, Th1 and Th1Th17 differentiation, and increased M2 microglia and Th2 differentiation. Accordingly, the improved histology and behavior have also been found.ConclusionsCRID3 may ameliorate murine SCI by inhibiting inflammasome activation, reducing proinflammatory factor production, restoring immune cell subset balance, and improving local immune microenvironment, and early administration may be a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI.
Frequency of gastroesophageal reflux disease in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Weterle- Smolińska Katarzyna , Dziekiewicz Marcin , Liber Anna , Banasiuk Marcin , Wolańczyk Tomasz , Szymańska Urszula , Banaszkiewicz Aleksandra 
Published: August 2020

Cel pracyCelem pracy była ocena częstości występowania choroby refluksowej przełyku (ChR) u dziewcząt z jadłowstrętem psychicznym (JP)MetodaUdział w badaniu zaproponowano dziewczętom z JP w wieku 12-18 lat hospitalizowanym w Klinice Psychiatrii Wieku Rozwojowego Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego. Kryteriami wyłączenia były: obecność innych niż JP zaburzeń psychicznych oraz leczenie lekami prokinetycznymi i(lub) lekami zobojętniającymi np. inhibitorami pompy protonowej lub antagonistami receptora histaminowego w trakcie ostatnich 2 tygodni. Od pacjentek zebrano wywiad dotyczący objawów ze strony przewodu pokarmowego mogącym odpowiadać ChR. Wykonano pomiary antropometryczne w celu oceny stanu odżywienia. U wszystkich pacjentek wykonano 24-godzinną pH-impedancję. Zapis pH-impedancyjny uznawano za nieprawidłowy, gdy ogólna liczba epizodów przekraczała 70 i/lub wyrażony w procentach ogólny czas ekspozycji błony śluzowej przełyku na kwaśną treść przekraczał 6%.WynikiDo badania włączono 23 pacjentki. Dziewczęta zgłaszały liczne dolegliwości tj. ból w nadbrzuszu, nudności, wymioty, zgagę, ból w klatce piersiowej, nadmierne odbijanie. Jedynie u 2 (8,7%) dziewcząt z JP zdiagnozowano ChR na podstawie 24-godzinnej pH-impedancji. Pacjentki z ChR prezentowały restrykcyjny typ anoreksji.WnioskiCzęstość ChR u dziewcząt z JP jest relatywnie niska mimo bardzo powszechnego zgłaszania przez nie objawów sugerujących to rozpoznanie. W związku z tym rozpoznanie ChR u pacjentów z JP nie może opierać się tylko na objawach, ale powinno być potwierdzone badaniem obiektywnym, najlepiej pH-impedancją.
ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS MODEL FOR THE SELECTION OF OPTIMAL INTERNET ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES IN RURAL PAKISTAN
Authors: Ibrar Ibrar , Kim Suk Kyoung , Lee Jongsu , Rho Jae Jeung 
Published: August 2020

Information and telecommunication technologies are considered significant for the economic and social development of isolated and remote areas. Internet technologies create links between urban and rural areas that can overcome the barrier of distance that typically hinders development. In rural areas of Pakistan, Internet penetration is low due to high cost, lack of manageable infrastructure, public issues and many other factors that disturb sustainable Internet provision; however, the choice of access to technology in rural areas is a complex process. In this paper, we used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, which is a powerful multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach and is a structured procedure for organizing and analyzing complex decisions. Furthermore, we proposed an AHP model for the selection of an ideal Internet access technology, which would facilitate access to Internet services to the 61% of the population who live in Pakistan’s rural areas. Data were collected from 38 respondents, from both academia and the telecom sector IT professionals. The relative weights of each factor and technology alternative were synthesized with Expert Choice 2000. This paper can provide comprehensive recommendations to telecommunication policymakers for Internet deployment and the selection of optimal Internet access technology in rural Pakistan.
AHP AND WAFGP HYBRID MODEL FOR INFORMATION SYSTEM PROJECT SELECTION
Authors: Bellahcene Mohammed , Benamar Fatima-Zohra , Mekidiche Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study is to propose an integrated Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Weighted Additive Fuzzy Goal Programming (WAFGP) method for the selection of information system projects that can use all types of linear membership functions and offer more flexibility. The proposed methodology includes three steps. First, an expert team was formed to identify the decision criteria and build a hierarchical model for the information system project selection. Then, the AHP was used to estimate the relative weights of the criteria. Finally, a WAFGP model was formulated and used to select the projects. A hypothetical example is given to show how to use this methodology and its advantages. In comparison to other approaches, the AHP-WAFGP hybrid model gives better support for information system project selection by selecting projects that make the best use of available resources and better satisfy the decision goals. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis reveals that the proposed model is robust, adaptable, and not sensitive to small changes. Nevertheless, the proposed methodology does not include interdependencies among criteria and alternatives.
Best Practices in Analytic Network Studies: Interview with Enrique Mu and Orrin Cooper
Authors: Saaty Rozann W. 
Published: August 2020

Enrique Mu, IJAHP Editor-in-Chief, Orrin Cooper, IJAHP editorial board member and Michael Peasley, AHP/ANP researcher, have recently published the paper “Best Practices in Analytic Network Studies” (Mu, Cooper, & Peasley, 2020). This study provides a set of guidelines to improve the validity of the ANP model and report. Given the importance of this study, I decided to interview the leading authors about this important subject for the benefit of IJAHP readers. The interview follows: