bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similar diurnal, seasonal and annual rhythms in radial root expansion across two coexisting Mediterranean oak species
Authors: Alday Josu G , Camarero Jesús Julio , Revilla Jesús , Resco de Dios Víctor 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Dendrometers are being increasingly used to measure stem radius changes in trees and to unravel the mechanisms underlying stem daily rhythms of radial expansion and contraction. Nevertheless, automated dendrometers have not been often used to measure root radius dynamics, their relationship with environmental variables and the influence of endogenous processes, especially in drought-prone Mediterranean areas. Here, we measured root radius dynamics of two coexisting oak species (the evergreen Quercus ilex L. and the deciduous Quercus faginea Lam). Our goals were to describe annual, seasonal and diurnal scale root radius patterns and to disentangle the role of different environmental parameters as drivers. Long-term high-resolution measurements (every 15 min over 7 years) were collected with automated point dendrometers on the main tree roots of five individuals per species. Root radius annual change patterns were bimodal and similar for both oak species. Quercus faginea Lam showed three times larger root increment in the spring than Q. ilex, but the bimodal pattern was stronger in Q. ilex, which showed a larger root increment in autumn. Quercus faginea Lam showed an earlier root phenological activation in the spring and in late summer compared with Q. ilex. The effects of environmental drivers across species were similar at daily scales: root radius increased with air temperature and soil moisture, and it decreased with rising vapor pressure deficit. Furthermore, daily root radius variations for both oak species were maintained after extracting statistically the environmental effects, which points toward a significant role of endogenous drivers. These differences in root radius change patterns at seasonal to daily scales likely result from the differences in leaf phenology and growth strategy. Quercus faginea Lam is deciduous and has a faster growing rate in spring than the evergreen Q. ilex, which can grow more in summer.
Application of Zero-profile Spacer in the Treatment of Three-level Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Sun Bin , Shi Changgui , Wu Huiqiao , Xu Zeng , Lin Wenbo , Shen Xiaolong , Wu Xiao-Dong , Zhang Ying , Yuan Wen 
Published: March 2020

Study Design.
A retrospective study.

Objective.
To assess the long-term results of zero-profile spacer for 3-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data.
Although widely used, there are still controversies about the long-term results of zero-profile spacer, especially in multilevel cases.

Methods.
Cases received 3-level ACDF for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) using either zero-profile spacer (n = 27) (ZP Group), or plate and cages (n = 34) (PC Group), and with 5-year follow-up were reviewed. Neurological function and life quality were assessed by modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Short-Form 36 (SF-36) score. Disc height, cervical lordosis, fusion rate, and surgical complications were observed.

Results.
Neurological recovery and life quality improvement were similar in both groups. Disc height and cervical lordosis (C2-7 Cobb angle) were well restored after operations, but lost in both groups during follow-up. Loss of correction (LOC) in disc height was larger in ZP Group (11.38% vs 5.71%, P < 0.05) at 5-year follow-up. LOC of cervical lordosis in ZP group constantly grew from 11.28% to 48.13% during 5-year follow-up, significantly higher than that in the PC group (from 7.43% to 14.01%) (P < 0.05). The rate of postoperative dysphagia was no statistical difference between the two groups, and symptoms were all disappeared within 1 year. There were 10 levels of adjacent segment degeneration (1 in ZP Group, and 10 in PC Group, P = 0.02). Cage subsidence (11 of 81 levels, 13.58%) and screw migration (2 of 81 levels, 2.47%) were only observed in the ZP Group. The migrated screws in one case were surgically removed. Fusion was achieved in all cases.

Conclusions.
In long-term follow-up of 3-level ACDF for CSM, zero-profile spacer has the similar clinical results, but loss of correction of disc height and cervical alignment were significantly higher, compared with anterior plate and cages.

Level of Evidence: 3
Trends in Authorship of Original Scientific Articles in Journal of Glaucoma: An Analysis of 25 Years Since the Initiation of the Journal
Authors: Chien Jason L. , Wu Bernie P. , Nayer Zacharia , Grits Daniel , Rodriguez Geoffrey , Gu Alex , Ghassibi Mark P. , Chien Gwo-Farn , Oliveira Cristiano , Stamper Robert L. , Van Tassel Sarah H. , Muylaert Stephanie , Belyea David A. 
Published: March 2020

Précis:
Publications in glaucoma have seen an increase in the number of authors and disclosures per article, authors with dual degrees, and international authors, but contributions of women to articles published remains low.

Purpose:
Authorship trends have been studied across many medical specialties and in ophthalmology as a whole, but not specifically in glaucoma. The authors explored the authorship trends of original scientific articles in the Journal of Glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
The authors recorded the number of authors and disclosures per article, degree type of first and last authors, geographical origin of the corresponding author, and sex of first and last authors of original content from the Journal of Glaucoma published in 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017.

Results:
A total of 642 articles were analyzed. From 1992 to 2017, annual published articles increased from 38 to 242 (P=0.02), the mean number of authors per article increased from 3.2 to 5.2 (P<0.01), the mean number of disclosures per article increased from 0.3 to 1.0 (P=0.04), the proportion of first and last authors with dual degrees (medical plus advanced degrees) also increased (both P<0.03), whereas the proportion with a sole medical degree decreased (both P<0.05). There was a proportional decrease in articles from North America (P=0.03), and proportional increase from the “Far East” (P=0.04) and “Other” regions (P=0.04). No significant changes in proportions of female first and last authors were found (both P>0.28).

Conclusions:
Consistent with authorship trends across various other medical specialties, glaucoma has seen an increase in the number of authors and disclosures per article, authors with dual degrees, and authors from the “Far East” and “Other” regions. However, contributions of women to articles published in Journal of Glaucoma remain low.
Effect of Pharmacological Pupil Dilatation on Angle Configuration in Untreated Primary Angle Closure Suspects: A Swept Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: Narayanaswamy Arun , Baskaran Mani , Tun Tin A. , Htoon Hla M. , Aung Tin 
Published: March 2020

Precis:
Angle-closure worsens with pharmacological dilatation in about 50.0% of the subjects diagnosed as primary angle-closure suspects (PACSs).

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in angle configuration with swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography before and after pharmacological pupil dilatation in untreated PACSs.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 106 subjects over the age of 50 years and diagnosed as PACSs were included in this cross-sectional cohort study. 360-degree scans of the angles were captured using swept-source optical coherence tomography before and 1 hour after pharmacological dilatation. The angle scans from swept-source optical coherence tomography were analyzed to calculate the iris-trabecular contact (ITC) index. The main outcome measure was to evaluate the change in ITC index after dilatation. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors influencing change of ITC index and to identify factors associated with increase in ITC index after dilatation.

Results:
Majority of subjects were Chinese (93.4%) and female (79.2%). The overall mean predilatation ITC index was 45.3% (±23.7) and postdilatation ITC index was 46.05% (±25.9) with a mean change of 0.78% (±16.5; P=0.62). Fifty-three eyes (50.0%) showed an increase in ITC index (angle narrowing) after dilatation. An increase in ITC index was associated with shallower anterior chamber depth (odds ratio: 0.18; 95% confidence interval: 0.04-0.77) and bigger lens vault (odds ratio: 14.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.55-132.34).

Conclusions:
Pharmacological pupil dilatation worsened angle closure in 50.0% of subjects with narrow angles. Shallower anterior chamber and bigger lens vault were associated with greater angle narrowing in these subjects.
Concussion Knowledge and Reporting Behaviors Among Collegiate Athletes
Authors: McAllister-Deitrick Jamie , Beidler Erica , Wallace Jessica , Anderson Morgan 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
The purpose of the current study was to explore knowledge surrounding sport-related concussions (SRCs) and the impact on reporting behaviors in collegiate athletes, including sex differences.

Design:
Cross-sectional.

Setting:
Institutional.

Participants:
Participants were 986 collegiate athletes (607 men), aged 19.7 years (SD = 1.4) from 6 institutions, who completed a survey, including items on personal/sport demographics and SRC knowledge and reporting behaviors.

Interventions:
Athletes were given a short (15-minute) survey to complete during team meetings and preparticipation physicals.

Main Outcome Measures:
Athletes' scores on the survey, and reporting behaviors (ie, whether or not they failed to report a suspected SRC and reasons for not reporting SRCs), were examined.

Results:
Independent samples t tests revealed female athletes scored significantly higher than male athletes on total SRC knowledge [t (926.6) = −10.6, P < 0.01] and symptom knowledge (t (859) = −7.0, P < 0.01). Approximately one-quarter of athletes reported continuing to play after sustaining a suspected SRC. Chi-square analyses exposed significant differences between male and female athletes failing to report a suspected SRC (χ2 = 7.69, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Given the current findings, educational efforts aimed at collegiate athletes may not be enough. Furthermore, it is apparent that sex differences exist in SRC knowledge and reporting behaviors among collegiate athletes.
Hip fracture systems—European experience
Authors: Chesser Tim J.S. , Inman Dominic , Johansen Antony , Belluati Alberto , Pari Carlotta , Contini Achille , Voeten Stijn.C. , Hegeman Johannes H. , Ponsen Kornelis J. , Montero-Fernández Nuria , Delgado-Martínez Alberto , Chana-Rodríguez Francisco 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
European countries have established health care systems but are struggling with the increasing rise of fragility fractures in their aging population. In trying to address this significant burden, countries are establishing national guidelines and standards, focusing on hip fractures, which represent the significant cost for this patient group. This has evolved with the establishment of national audits and guidelines. Reports from 4 European countries (England, Italy, Netherlands, and Spain) are presented. All nations have identified both deficiencies in their systems, and protocols to improve these deficiences. When standards are introduced, there has been evidence of improved results. Significantly more work is needed to understand the key components of the systems and pathways, and efforts to study and standardize care are ongoing.
Hardware considerations in infection and nonunion management
Authors: Hoit Graeme , Bonyun Marissa , Nauth Aaron 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The occurrence of both nonunion and fracture-related infection provides challenges for both the patient and the treating orthopaedic surgeon, with the potential need for complex reconstructive procedures to achieve union and/or eradicate infection. In addition to addressing the multiple different factors that often contribute to nonunion, surgeons are often forced to deal with difficult hardware issues at the time of revision surgery including infected hardware, loose or failing hardware, malaligned hardware, or inappropriate hardware constructs. This article reviews common causes of nonunions with emphasis on infection management and provides indications and techniques for hardware removal in the context of an algorithmic approach to nonunion management with illustrative case examples.
Managing bone loss in open fractures
Authors: Adamczyk Andrew , Meulenkamp Bradley , Wilken Geoffrey , Papp Steven 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Segmental bone loss continues to pose substantial clinical and technical challenges to orthopaedic surgeons. While several surgical options exist for the treatment of these complex patients, there is not a clear consensus or specific guidelines on the optimal management of these injuries as a whole. Many factors must be taken into consideration when planning surgery for these individuals. In order for these techniques to yield optimal results, each injury must be approached in a step-wise and multidisciplinary fashion to ensure that care is taken in bone and wound bed preparation, that soft tissues are healthy and free of contaminants, and that the patient's medical condition has been optimized. Through this article, we will answer relevant questions and discuss common obstacles and challenges encountered with these complex injuries. We will also review the many treatment options available or in development to address this problem.
Hip fracture care and national systems in Israel and South Africa
Authors: Weil Yoram A. , Bernstein Brian P. , Maqungo Sithombo , Khoury Amal , Liebergall Meir , Laubscher Maritz 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Despite the same latitude on earth, Israel and South Africa have a wide variety of healthcare systems and approaches. Israel is a developed country with life expectancy within the first decile of the modern world. South Africa is a developing country where available resources and health care varies greatly across the country. Israeli policy makers have realized in 1999 the importance of early surgery for hip fractures as the single most important factor contributing to decreased mortality. After an introduction of a newer reimbursement system in 2004, and public advertising of early hip fracture treatment as a quality tag for hospitals, in more than 85% of the cases patients are operated on early (within 8 hours) with a significant decrease in mortality. However, other issues such as patient preparation, rehabilitation, and prevention are still at their beginning. South Africa deals with significant challenges with high energy hip fractures in a younger population, although osteoporosis is on the rise in certain parts of the country. Due to limited resources and distances, time to surgery differs among hospital systems in the country. In public hospitals, a delay up to a week may be common, whereas in private hospitals most patients are operated early within 48 to 72 hours. Due to decreased life expectancy, arthroplasty is more aggressively used in displaced femoral neck fractures. Rehabilitation is mostly done within the families. Prevention and orthogeriatric teamwork are not being commonly practiced. Generally speaking, more attention to hip fractures is needed from healthcare funders.
Antibiotic utilization in open fractures
Authors: Atwan Yousif , Miclau Theodore , Schemitsch Emil H. , Teague David 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Open fractures are complex presentations with elevated risks of infection and nonunion due to a multitude of factors. Along with early surgical debridement, antibiotics have been heavily utilized and have become part of standard of care to reduce the risks of fracture-related infections. Many aspects of their use have been studied and debated. The early administration of intravenous antibiotics has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of infection. Furthermore, current standards do not recommend prolonged antibiotic administration post wound closure. Recently, an increasing number of studies have assessed the utility of locally administered antibiotics. Clinical and basic science studies have been relatively supportive of their usage, but further studies are still warranted to further delineate their effects.
Hospital Readmission and Mortality in a Brazilian Tertiary Public Hospital
Authors: Bettiol Augusto Berton , Wajner André , Pivatto Júnior Fernando 
Published: March 2020

Background and Objectives:
Data on mortality associated with hospital readmission are imprecise and highly variable. This study aimed to describe the rate of nonelective 30-day readmission and associated hospital mortality of patients discharged from the Internal Medicine Unit of a Brazilian tertiary public hospital.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included all patients discharged from the Internal Medicine Unit of our institution between September and November 2017 who were nonelectively readmitted within 30 days.

Results:
A total of 1047 hospital discharges were analyzed. The rate of nonelective 30-day readmission was 13.7%. Of these, 41 (28.5%) were early readmissions (0-7 days) and 103 (71.5%) were late readmissions (8-30 days). The hospital mortality rate during readmission was 27.8%, being significantly higher during early readmissions (41.5% vs 22.3%; P = .035). Early (as compared with late) readmission was associated with mortality during readmission (relative risk [RR] 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-3.22; P = .002), regardless of age and Charlson comorbidity index.

Conclusion:
The Readmission rate was 13.7%, with an associated mortality of 27.8%. Early readmission was an independent predictor of mortality (RR 1.95) in relation to late readmission. Larger studies are needed to better identify this group of patients with an aim to adopt preventive measures.
Variability and Standardization of Quantitative Imaging
Authors: Hagiwara Akifumi , Fujita Shohei , Ohno Yoshiharu , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRadiological images have been assessed qualitatively in most clinical settings by the expert eyes of radiologists and other clinicians. On the other hand, quantification of radiological images has the potential to detect early disease that may be difficult to detect with human eyes, complement or replace biopsy, and provide clear differentiation of disease stage. Further, objective assessment by quantification is a prerequisite of personalized/precision medicine. This review article aims to summarize and discuss how the variability of quantitative values derived from radiological images are induced by a number of factors and how these variabilities are mitigated and standardization of the quantitative values are achieved. We discuss the variabilities of specific biomarkers derived from magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, and focus on diffusion-weighted imaging, relaxometry, lung density evaluation, and computer-aided computed tomography volumetry. We also review the sources of variability and current efforts of standardization of the rapidly evolving techniques, which include radiomics and artificial intelligence.
Influence of MRI Examinations on Animal Welfare and Study Results
Authors: Baier Jasmin , Rix Anne , Drude Natascha Ingrid , Darguzyte Milita , Baues Maike , May Jan-Niklas , Schipper Sandra , Möckel Diana , Palme Rupert , Tolba René , Kiessling Fabian 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered to be well tolerated by laboratory animals. However, no systematic study has been performed yet, proving this assumption. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of longitudinal native and contrast-enhanced (CE) 1-T and 7-T MRI examinations on mouse welfare as well as 4T1 breast cancers progression and therapy response.

Material and Methods
Forty-seven healthy and 72 breast cancer-bearing mice (4T1) were investigated. One-Tesla (ICON) and 7-T (Biospec) MRI measurements were performed thrice per week under isoflurane anesthesia in healthy BALB/c mice for 4 weeks and 3 times within 2 weeks in tumor-bearing animals. Animal welfare was examined by an observational score sheet, rotarod performance, heart rate measurements, and assessment of fecal corticosterone metabolites. Furthermore, we investigated whether CE-MRI influences the study outcome. Therefore, hemograms and organ weights were obtained, and 4T1 tumor growth, perfusion, immune cell infiltration, as well as response to the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib were investigated. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using analysis of variance and Tukey or Bonferroni post hoc tests.

Results
Mice showed no alterations in the observational score sheet rating, rotarod performance, heart rate, and fecal corticosterone metabolites (P > 0.05) after repeated MRI at both field strengths. However, spleen weights were reduced in all healthy mouse groups that received isoflurane anesthesia (P < 0.001) including the groups investigated by 1-T and 7-T MRI (P = 0.02). Neither tumor progression nor response to the regorafenib treatment was affected by isoflurane anesthesia or CE-MRI monitoring. Furthermore, immunohistological tumor analysis did not indicate an effect of isoflurane and MRI on macrophage infiltration of tumors, perfusion of tumor vessels, and apoptotic cell rate (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Repeated MRI did not influence the welfare of mice and did not affect tumor growth and therapy response of 4T1 tumors. However, systemic immunological effects of isoflurane anesthesia need to be considered to prevent potential bias.
The Neurophysiological Severity of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Cannot Be Predicted by Median Nerve Cross-Sectional Area and Wrist-to-Forearm Ratio
Authors: Martikkala Lauri , Himanen Sari-Leena , Virtanen Katja , Mäkelä Katri 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
The median nerve cross-sectional area at the wrist (CSA) and the wrist-to-forearm ratio of the cross-sectional areas (WFR) are ultrasound parameters used in the diagnosis and grading of carpal tunnel syndrome. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the CSA and WFR as well as to compare their diagnostic value.

Methods:
A retrospective evaluation was conducted of a cohort of 218 patients who had undergone nerve conduction studies (NCSs) and an ultrasound of the median nerve. The examined wrists were classified into an NCS negative and three NCS positive (mild, moderate, and severe) categories. The CSA and WFR were compared across the categories.

Results:
The CSA and WFR were significantly smaller in the NCS negative category than in the NCS positive categories. The WFR was significantly smaller in the mild category than in the moderate category. The CSA could not be used to differentiate across the NCS positive categories.

Conclusions:
The CSA and WFR are satisfactorily reliable in detecting carpal tunnel syndrome, but they cannot be considered as surrogate indicators of electrophysiological severity.