bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Thyroidectomy Versus Lobectomy in Small Nodules Suspicious for Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Farag Mahmoud , Shama Mohamed A. , Ibraheem Kareem , Randolph Gregory W. , Kandil Emad 
Published: April 2020

Objectives/HypothesisRecent American Thyroid Association Guidelines recommend either near‐total/total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for patients with a thyroid nodule suspicious for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy (Bethesda V). In this analysis, we aim to assess the cost‐effectiveness of lobectomy in comparison to total thyroidectomy.Study DesignCost‐effectiveness analysis.MethodsA Markov model cost‐effectiveness analysis was performed for a base case followed for 20 years postoperatively. Cost and probabilities data were retrieved from the current literature. Effectiveness was represented by quality‐adjusted life year (QALY).ResultsTotal thyroidectomy protocol produced an incremental cost of $2,681.36 and incremental effectiveness of −0.24 QALY as compared to lobectomy protocol (incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio [ICER] = −$11,188.85/QALY). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that total thyroidectomy becomes a cost‐effective strategy only if the risk of stages III and IV PTC is 82.4% among patients with suspicious PTC on preoperative FNA. Lobectomy is cost effective and preferred over total thyroidectomy as long as lobectomy complications are less than 50%.ConclusionsTotal thyroidectomy is not just cost prohibitive but also associated with a lower effectiveness compared to lobectomy.Level of Evidence2c Laryngoscope, 2020
Meralgia paresthetica: Nerve stimulator‐guided injection with methylprednisolone/lidocaine, a double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Kloosterziel Mark E. , Tavy Dénes L. J. , Arends Samuel , Zijdewind Joyce M. , van Zwet Erik W. , Wirtz Paul W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMeralgia paresthetica is a mononeuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. A common therapy is injection with corticosteroids. The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of injection with methylprednisolone/lidocaine vs placebo.MethodsAfter randomization, 10 patients received a nerve stimulator‐guided injection with methylprednisolone/lidocaine, and 10 patients received saline. The primary outcome measure was pain (visual analogue scale, VAS).ResultsIn the placebo group, there was a significant pain reduction (baseline VAS, 6.8; VAS week 12, 4.3; P = .014). The VAS score in the methylprednisolone group did not show a significant reduction (baseline VAS, 7.4; VAS week 12, 4.8; P = .053). There was no significant difference in pain reduction between the groups.ConclusionsWe found no objective evidence for benefit from nerve stimulator‐guided injection with corticosteroids in meralgia paresthetica, although this study is limited by a small sample size. Future placebo‐controlled studies using ultrasound‐guided injection are warranted.
When kidney transplantation is not an option: Haemodialysis patients' and partners' experiences—A qualitative study
Authors: Frandsen Christina Egmose , Pedersen Erik Bo , Agerskov Hanne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the experiences and perspectives of everyday life among patients on lifelong haemodialysis and their partners.DesignA qualitative exploratory study with a phenomenological–hermeneutic approach.MethodData were collected through individual interviews. In total, five patients in haemodialysis and their partners were included in the study. Data were analysed with inspiration from Ricoeur's theory around narratives and interpretation on three levels: naïve reading, structural analysis and critical interpretation and discussion. Data was collected between February 2018–June 2019.ResultsLimitations caused by the disease and time‐consuming treatment influenced daily life. In particular, the partners needed to have time on their own. Knowledge about the disease and participation in treatment were significant to both patients and partners. There were considerations about illness progression. Relationships to their social networks and healthcare professionals were a significant and important part of daily life for both parties.
Successful Treatment of Delayed Methotrexate Clearance Using Glucarpidase Dosed on Ideal Body Weight in Obese Patients
Authors: Krüger Caroline , Engel Nils , Reinert Jochim , Alsdorf Winfried , Fiedler Walter , Dierlamm Judith , Bokemeyer Carsten , Langebrake Claudia 
Published: April 2020

Delayed methotrexate (MTX) elimination after treatment with high‐dose (HD) MTX may result in life‐threatening toxicities as well as acute kidney injury (AKI). Treatment includes administration of glucarpidase, an enzyme that rapidly inactivates MTX. Dosing of glucarpidase is based on body weight; however, recommendations for dosage adjustments in obese patients are lacking. We describe three obese adult patients (body mass index [BMI] range 31–43 kg/m2) who received HD‐MTX following all precautions for its treatment. Although peak MTX concentrations were within the expected range (308–368 µmol/L), MTX concentrations after 24 hours or later were markedly increased (97, 52, and 19 µmol/L, respectively). Two patients experienced AKI. After a single intravenous dose of glucarpidase 4000 units (50 units/kg on the basis of ideal body weight [IBW]) was administered to each patient 38, 46, and 60 hours, respectively, after the start of MTX, MTX concentrations dropped quickly to 1.37, 0.07, and 0.03 µmol/L, respectively, and further decreased steadily. Over time, clinical status and renal function improved in all patients. Glucarpidase is a highly hydrophilic molecule with a volume of distribution of 3.6 L, representing the intravascular volume of an adult. Therefore, we used IBW for glucarpidase dose calculations, allowing us to reduce the dose that would have been determined by using total body weight. This approach resulted in a rapid decrease of MTX serum concentrations and may reduce treatment costs of this highly expensive drug.
A Review on the Modern Synthetic Approach of Benzimidazole Candidate
Authors: Faheem Mohd. , Rathaur Anjali , Pandey Apoorva , Kumar Singh Vinay , Tiwari Anjani K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBenzimidazole structure contains imidazole ring fused with phenyl ring at 4‐ and 5‐position. The mono and disubstituted derivatives of benzimidazole are very interesting heterocyclic organic molecules, synthesized by a simple nucleophilic substitution reaction and condensation method between o‐phenylenediamine with carbonyl compound under different conditions are reported, and as time passed away, the method also be reported in favor of the environment‐friendly with good yield product. We cover the literature up to the end of 2019 in which very recently reported synthetic route to access benzimidazole scaffolds are discussed. We are focus on the evaluation of synthetic route to construct monosubstituted‐benzimidazole (MSBs) and disubstituted‐benzimidazoles (DSBs), via various methods involving condensation, cyclization or employing green chemistry aspect such as utilizing solvent‐free conditions, metal‐free conditions, or using nanoparticle catalyst etc. Benzimidazoles found in the natural system display a wide range of pharmaceutical properties have been reported. The scaffolds are characterized as structurally potential ligands which can bind to different receptor sites for the discovery of various immerging drugs. Therefore, benzimidazole is recognized as a potent scaffold in the pharmaceutical industry and diverse synthetic pathways have been developed to prepare its functionalized derivatives which are described in this review.
Intrinsic Photocatalysis of Morphology and Oxygen Vacancy‐Tunable Ultrathin WO3 Nanosheets
Authors: Zhou Jianwei , Wang Chubei , Jia Chunyan , Zhou Yuan , Duo Fangfang , Wei Zhengyan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe oxygen‐deficient WO3 nanosheets (WO3 NS) with pore structure were synthesized by a facile solvothermal approach and their microstructure and oxygen vacancy (Vo) were regulated via heat treating atmosphere. The mean thickness of WO3 NS is about 1.2 nm, which is equivalent to the thickness of single atom or molecule layer. The quantitative analyses on the ultrathin WO3 NS of catalytic dynamic and Vo concentrations have been done. The appropriate Vo concentration can play a critical role in the transfer/separation of surface photogenerated carriers. Using phenol as the target compound and hydrogen peroxide as the accelerant, under visible‐light irradiation, the apparent rate constant of WO3‐Ar NS is about 2.0 times and 1.8 times than that of WO3 nanoparticles and WO3‐air NS, respectively. These unique photocatalytic properties were attributed to the contribution of atomic layers, suitable crystal phase and porous surface and appropriate Vo content, which increases the specific surface areas and regulates the electrical properties.
Preparation of Single‐Phase Iron Nitrides and Investigation of Their Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis Performance
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Juan , Chen Jiangang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSingle‐phase of ζ‐Fe2N, ϵ‐Fe3N, γ′‐Fe4N and χ‐Fe5C2were obtained by pretreating reduced α‐Fe at proper temperature and atmosphere. The morphology, bulk structure and surface properties are different because of the interstitial atoms N. The bulk structure of iron nitrides was investigated by X‐ray diffraction spectra and the surface properties were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, N2‐adsorption isotherms, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and CO‐temperature programmed desorption. Iron nitrides have similar texture properties. It is found that the binding energy values of Fe atoms which bond with N are smaller in ζ‐Fe2N. Iron nitride which with low iron content has stronger interaction with CO and has higher specific activity and C5+selectivity. And the low molecular weight product selectivity of iron nitrides is higher than χ‐Fe5C2.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Bi‐Doped WO3⋅0.5H2O Material with Tetragonal Pyramid‐Like Structure and Its Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Deng Yuehong , Tan Yawen , Tang Haiqin , Xiang Ye , Zhu Jie , Wu Wan , Xu Yifeng , Zou Hao , Zhou Yi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novel Bi‐doped WO3⋅0.5H2O nanomaterial with a tetragonal pyramid‐like structure was synthesized for the first time by a convenient and green hydrothermal method. The Bi‐doped WO3⋅0.5H2O material were successfully obtained and confirmed by XRD, XPS and EDX. Bi‐doped tetragonal pyramid‐like WO3⋅0.5H2O material exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance. The 1 mol% of Bi‐doped WO3⋅0.5H2O exhibits optimal degradation efficiency for MO, reaching 99.5% after 75 min. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the doping of Bi. This is because the doping of Bi affects the morphology of WO3⋅0.5H2O, improves the crystallinity of the material, expands the light absorption range of the material and causes a slightly increase in oxygen vacancies and carrier density. In addition, the material exhibits excellent reusability under light irradiation. This study not only provides a simple strategy for constructing new metal ion doped composite materials, but also enhances the application potential of WO3‐based photocatalytic materials in the decomposition of harmful organic dyes in wastewater.
Iodine‐Mediated Oxidative Annulation by C–C Cleavage: A Domino Synthetic Approach to Quinazolinones and Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines
Authors: Donthiboina Kavitha , Mani Geeta Sai , Shankaraiah Nagula , Kamal Ahmed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA facile iodine‐mediated unprecedented C–C cleavage by employing CuI has been established towards the synthesis of quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines. This protocol involves peroxide free synthetic approach for the stable C–C bond cleavage followed by oxidative annulation to develop a library of fused N‐heterocyclic molecules.
Reinstating Structural Stability of Castor Oil based Flexible Polyurethane Foam using Glycerol
Authors: Hussain Shaik Aabid , Jain Rajan , Manchikanti Sindhu , Krishnamoorthy Karthik , Kumar Bal Dharmendra , Rahaman Ariful , Agashe Snehalata , Rehaan Chandan Mohammed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUse of castor oil as a renewable polyol in the polyurethane foams has been creating an attractive research interest for many researchers since last 5 decades. In this article, we examine the structural stability of flexible polyurethane foam produced using castor oil‐glycerol blend by complete replacement of synthetic polyol. Addition of castor oil in the foaming blend as a complete substitute of synthetic polyol results in instability of foam. However, addition of glycerol as a crosslinking agent in the blend helps in overcoming this instability. Cellular morphology, segmented phase morphology and bulk properties of foams were investigated using scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy respectively. Castor oil‐glycerol blend significantly improves the foaming process at low concentrations (till 15 wt % glycerol) whereas, at higher concentrations volumetric expanding liquid undergoes faster cross‐linking leading to retarded foam growth (above 20 wt % glycerol). Strut thickness shows a sharp decline at 25 wt % glycerol. Polymer phase morphology shows absence of H‐bonded urea resulting in discrete hard segmented morphology whereas urea domains undergo agglomeration without glycerol. Foams were also characterized for thermal and bulk mechanical properties.
Unexpected Cleavage of N‐N Bonds of Pentafluorophenylhydrazones – Formation of Nitriles by a Radical Fragmentation Reaction
Authors: Bortňák Dušan , Milata Viktor , Šofranko Jakub , Végh Daniel , Prousek Josef , Barbieriková Zuzana , Breza Martin , Brezová Vlasta , Dvoranová Dana , Šoral Michal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novel method of the preparation of (hetero)aryl nitriles based on the fragmentation of the corresponding pentafluorophenylhydrazones is described. The synthesis is metal‐free, proceeds in neutral conditions with no need of protecting group application and provides most nitriles in moderately good yields. The synthesis was performed on ten pentafluorophenylhydrazones with different functional groups within the carbonyl part – the reaction was found to be partially substrate selective. The reaction prefers substrates with aromatic electron donating substituents on the carbonyl part of the hydrazone. The second reaction product, 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoroaniline, can be easily separated by vacuum distillation. Although the reaction mechanism is yet to be ascertained, all synthetic and spectroscopic data suggest a radical reaction mechanism.
Expression of transferrin receptor‐1 (TFR‐1) in canine osteosarcomas
Authors: De Vico Gionata , Martano Manuela , Maiolino Paola , Carella Francesca , Leonardi Leonardo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDue to high rates of proliferation and DNA synthesis, neoplastic cells have higher requirements of iron than normal cells. For that reason, neoplastic cells have remodelled iron metabolism pathways, over‐expressing genes encoding for iron uptake proteins, among which Transferrin Receptor‐1 (TFR‐1). Accumulating evidence has proven that overexpression of TFR‐1 and high Iron concentration, are both widespread condition of cancer cells, both essential to tumour onset and progression. We studied TFR‐1 and PCNA immunohistochemical expression in fifteen (15) Canine osteoblastic osteosarcomas (COS). After immunohistochemical staining, counting of TFR‐1 positive cells by two independent observers showed that 85%–95% of neoplastic cells were strongly labelled at cytoplasmic level by anti‐TFR‐1 antibody in all examined COS. Furthermore, 70%–80% of neoplastic cells were positively labelled at the nuclear level by PCNA. Surprisingly, about 100% of intratumour vascular endothelial cells were also positive, whereas extratumour vascular endothelial cells were negative. The latter is an interesting finding, as TFR‐1 is usually not expressed in normal vasculature, with the exception of normal brain vascular endothelium, where it allows transport of transferrin, and thus iron, into tissues, suggesting a similar function here to support cancer growth. The early results presented highlight the relevance of TFR‐1 expression in canine OS, suggesting therapies involving both TFR‐1 and Iron metabolisms in dogs with osteosarcoma should be developed.
Carbon turnover and microbial activity in an artificial soil under imposed cyclic drainage and imbibition
Authors: Pronk Geertje J. , Mellage Adrian , Milojevic Tatjana , Smeaton Christina M. , Engel Katja , Neufeld Josh D. , Rezanezhad Fereidoun , Van Cappellen Philippe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWater table fluctuations generate temporally and spatially dynamic physicochemical conditions that drive biogeochemical hot spots and hot moments in the vadose zone. However, their role in the cycling of soil C remains poorly known. Here, we present results from unvegetated column experiments filled with 45 cm of artificial soil containing 10% humus, and inoculated with a natural microbial extract. In one series of three replicate columns, five cycles, each consisting of a 4‐wk drainage followed by a 4‐wk imbibition period, were imposed, whereas in a second series, the water table remained static. Depth‐resolved O2 concentration profiles and headspace CO2 effluxes were markedly different between the two regimes. In the fluctuating regime, drainage periods yielded 2.5 times greater CO2 effluxes than imbibition periods. At the end of the experiment, the fluctuating water table columns exhibited a distinct zone of organic C (OC) depletion in the depth interval of 8–20 cm that was not observed under the static regime. Although this zone showed elevated levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the microbial biomass was actually lower than at the corresponding depth interval of the static regime. A vertically stratified microbial community established in all columns that depended on oxygenation with depth. The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene analyses showed a slightly higher diversity in the soil exposed to moisture fluctuations, but there was no clear difference in major taxa and microbial community composition between treatments. These results thus suggest that the localized enhancement of OC degradation induced by the water table fluctuations was driven by a more active, rather than a more abundant or compositionally very different, microbial community.
Refixation von osteochondralen Fragmenten mit resorbierbaren Polylactid-Implantaten
Authors: Rüther H. , Seif Amir Hosseini A. , Frosch S. , Hoffmann D. , Lotz J. , Lehmann W. , Streit U. , Wachowski M. M. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundBei Patienten, die im Rahmen eines Traumas an Knie- und Sprunggelenk eine Verletzung mit Abscheren eines osteochondralen „flake“ erleiden, ist heute die Refixation mittels resorbierbarer Implantate eine häufig verwendete Therapieoption. Hierzu gibt es bisher wenige Studien mit klinischen Langzeitergebnissen. Ziel dieser Studie war die Erfassung der klinischen und MR-morphologischen Langzeitergebnisse nach Refixation mittels resorbierbarer PLLA-Implantate.Material und MethodenIn dieser retrospektiven Studie wurden 12 Patienten mit 13 Läsionen erfasst, die im Schnitt 13,9 (±1,2) Jahre zuvor eine Refixation eines durchschnittlich 3,33 cm2(±2,33) großen osteochondralen Flake an Knie- (10 Patienten) und oberem Sprunggelenk (2 Patienten) mit resorbierbaren Implantaten (Nägel, Stifte, Schrauben) aus Polylactid (PLLA) (Fa. Bionx, Tampere, Finnland) erhalten hatten. Zur Objektivierung des klinischen Ergebnisses wurden 8 etablierte Scores (VASS, Tegner, Lysholm, McDermott, KSS, WOMAC, AOFAS, FADI+Sports) verwendet. Des Weiteren wurden die knöcherne Integration und Knorpelmorphologie mittels protonengewichteter und knorpelsensitiver „3D-double-echo-steady-state“(DESS)-Sequenzen im MRT (3 T) erfasst. Zur Objektivierung der Ergebnisse diente ein modifizierter MRT-Score nach Henderson et al.ErgebnisseNach 13,9 (±1,2) Jahren zeigten sich sowohl für die Knie- als auch die Sprunggelenkpatienten sehr gute Ergebnisse (Knie: VASS: 1,2 (±1,7); Tegner 4,4 (±1,3); Lysholm 85,7 (±12,2); McDermott 90,7 (±8,6); KSS 189 (±14,2); WOMAC (6,16 % (±8,45))), (OSG: VASS: 2,5 (±2,5); Tegner 5,5 (±1,5); Lysholm 87 (±13), McDermott 88 (±12); WOMAC (8,54 % (±8,54); AOFAS 75,5 (±24,5); FADI+Sports 118 (±18))). In der MRT zeigte sich in allen 12 Fällen eine gute Integration des refixierten Flake. In 5 Fällen kam es zu einer moderaten subchondralen Zystenbildung (∅ ≤1 mm). Allerdings zeigten alle Patienten milde Veränderungen der Knorpelkontur. Hieraus ergab sich ein durchschnittlicher modifizierter Henderson-Score-Wert von 14,4 (±2,0) (Bestwert: 8, schlechtester Wert: 32), was einem guten MR-morphologischen Ergebnis entspricht.SchlussfolgerungAufgrund der klinischen und auch MR-morphologischen Langzeitergebnisse ist die Refixation von osteochondralen Flakes mittels resorbierbarer Implantate (PLLA) als empfehlenswertes Verfahren zu werten.
A comparison of the real and non-archimedean Monge–Ampère operator
Authors: Vilsmeier Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLetXbe a proper algebraic variety over a non-archimedean, non-trivially valued field. We show that the non-archimedean Monge–Ampère measure of a metric arising from a convex function on an open face of some skeleton of$$X^{an }$$Xanis equal to the real Monge–Ampère measure of that function up to multiplication by a constant. As a consequence we obtain a regularity result for solutions of the non-archimedean Monge–Ampère problem on curves.
Functional morphology of the primary olfactory centers in the brain of the hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus (Anomala, Coenobitidae)
Authors: Polanska Marta A. , Kirchhoff Tina , Dircksen Heinrich , Hansson Bill S. , Harzsch Steffen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTerrestrial hermit crabs of the genusCoenobitadisplay strong behavioral responses to volatile odors and are attracted by chemical cues of various potential food sources. Several aspects of their sense of aerial olfaction have been explored in recent years including behavioral aspects and structure of their peripheral and central olfactory pathway. Here, we use classical histological methods and immunohistochemistry against the neuropeptides orcokinin and allatostatin as well as synaptic proteins and serotonin to provide insights into the functional organization of their primary olfactory centers in the brain, the paired olfactory lobes. Our results show that orcokinin is present in the axons of olfactory sensory neurons, which target the olfactory lobe. Orcokinin is also present in a population of local olfactory interneurons, which may relay lateral inhibition across the array of olfactory glomeruli within the lobes. Extensive lateral connections of the glomeruli were also visualized using the histological silver impregnation method according to Holmes-Blest. This technique also revealed the structural organization of the output pathway of the olfactory system, the olfactory projection neurons, the axons of which target the lateral protocerebrum. Within the lobes, the course of their axons seems to be reorganized in an axon-sorting zone before they exit the system. Together with previous results, we combine our findings into a model on the functional organization of the olfactory system in these animals.