bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts de l’ajout de passages fauniques et du prolongement de clôtures anticervidés sur la sécurité routière de la route 138 à Petite-Rivière-Saint-François
Authors: Lafrance Martin , Alain Éric 
Published: October 2019

À environ 70 km à l’est de la ville de Québec, la route 138 traverse les municipalités de Saint-Tite-des-Caps et de Petite-Rivière-Saint-François. Ce territoire offre des habitats exceptionnels pour l’orignal (Alces americanus), ce qui favorise l’occurrence de collisions entre véhicules et orignaux annuellement. Le ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) a inventorié les pistes et localisé les collisions avant d’aménager, en 2007, des clôtures anticervidés afin de sécuriser le tronçon routier le plus problématique (6,3 km). Au cours des années suivantes, le nombre d’accidents avec l’orignal s’est accru significativement à l’extérieur de la section clôturée. En 2014, le MTQ a prolongé les clôtures dans les deux directions, corrigé les extrémités de celles-ci, puis aménagé deux passages inférieurs pour la grande faune caractérisés par un faible indice d’ouverture. Le MTQ émettait l’hypothèse que malgré des dimensions inférieures à celles suggérées dans la littérature, l’orignal utiliserait ces passages. Depuis, une réduction importante des collisions avec l’orignal a été observée dans ce tronçon routier et les deux passages inférieurs sont régulièrement traversés par des orignaux.
Clôtures et passages fauniques pour les petits et moyens mammifères le long de la route 175 au Québec : quelle est leur efficacité ?
Authors: Jaeger Jochen A. G. , Spanowicz Ariel G. , Bowman Jeff , Clevenger Anthony P. 
Published: October 2019

Au Québec, certains des premiers passages fauniques pour les petits et moyens mammifères ont été installés lors de l’élargissement de la route 175. L’efficacité de 18 structures et des clôtures près de leur entrée a été évaluée grâce à un suivi continu par des caméras de surveillance et des enquêtes sur les animaux frappés par les véhicules au cours des étés de 2012 à 2015. La plupart des espèces ont utilisé plus souvent les ponceaux secs en béton et ceux avec pied sec de type tablette de bois installée en porte-à-faux que les ponceaux avec pied sec de type tablette de béton. Il y a eu significativement plus de mortalité routière animale aux extrémités des clôtures que dans les tronçons de route clôturés et ceux non clôturés. La mortalité routière animale était moindre dans les tronçons de route clôturés (et aux extrémités de clôtures correspondantes) où la faune utilisait plus souvent les structures. Bien qu’en général, les passages installés aient été couronnés de succès, plusieurs espèces utilisent peu ou pas ces structures, et des améliorations sont nécessaires. Nous présentons plusieurs recommandations visant à améliorer l’atténuation de l’impact des routes sur la faune, ainsi que de futurs programmes de suivi et de recherche.
Comparaison du passage de tortues et de serpents dans des ponceaux de drainage le long de deux autoroutes en Amérique du Nord
Authors: Gunson Kari E. 
Published: October 2019

Cet article présente 2 études de cas de l’utilisation par les tortues et les serpents de ponceaux de drainage (existants et nouvellement conçus), associés à des clôtures d’exclusion pour la faune, le long de 2 autoroutes : la route 83 aux États-Unis (refuge faunique national de Valentine, Nebraska) et l’autoroute 69 au Canada (forêt boréale, Ontario). Le passage des reptiles dans les ponceaux a été suivi avec des caméras à déclenchement automatique par le mouvement placées au-dessus d’une entrée par ponceau. Les résultats ont montré que les espèces de tortues d’eau douce et de serpents présentes utilisent une variété de ponceaux pour traverser la route. Les serpents approchaient autant les structures que les tortues, mais après qu’ils aient pénétré dans les structures, leurs taux de franchissement étaient significativement différents (81 % pour les tortues et 63 % pour les serpents). Bien que ces études montrent que les reptiles utilisent une variété de ponceaux, d’autres recherches sont nécessaires pour définir les caractéristiques des structures que ces animaux utiliseront davantage. Ces études confirment également que les serpents sont moins disposés que les tortues à utiliser les ponceaux, peut-être en partie à cause de la différence de température entre l’entrée des ponceaux et l’environnement ambiant.
Adapter les infrastructures afin de réduire les risques pour les personnes et
d’améliorer la connectivité pour les poissons et la faune
Authors: Bowden Alison A. , Burns Sara E. 
Published: October 2019

Aux États-Unis, 96 % de la population vit dans un comté qui a connu un évènement
météorologique déclaré catastrophe naturelle par le gouvernement fédéral au cours des
dernières années. Le développement dans les zones inondables menace les côtes et les
rivières. Cette menace est exacerbée par des ponceaux et autres infrastructures de
franchissement de cours d’eau dimensionnés et conçus en fonction de l’utilisation préalable
du territoire, souvent dans le seul objectif de diriger l’eau sous les routes. En revanche,
les infrastructures naturelles ou inspirées par le fonctionnement de la nature (plaines
inondables, passages de cours d’eau qui maintiennent la connectivité aquatique, etc.)
peuvent être résilientes aux inondations et acheminer l’eau sous les routes, tout en offrant
d’autres avantages, notamment pour la conservation des habitats du poisson et d’autres
espèces fauniques. Au Massachusetts, les normes de conception des traverses de cours d’eau
ont été changées en mettant l’accent sur une approche multi-objectifs de gestion des risques
d’inondation (p. ex. intégrité de l’infrastructure existante, connectivité écologique).
Quatre catégories de conditions-clés favorisent l’intégration d’approches basées sur la
résilience climatique des milieux naturels : la réglementation; l’assistance technique et le
financement; le suivi; et l’engagement communautaire. Nous présentons comment chacune a
influencé la conception des passages aquatiques dans tout le Massachusetts.
L’aménagement du territoire et des corridors fauniques : une approche municipale
Authors: Maillé Lisette , Nicholson Stephen 
Published: October 2019

Depuis l’adoption de la Loi sur l’aménagement et l’urbanisme du Québec il y a maintenant près de 40 ans, l’aménagement du territoire et la planification urbaine ont pris une place croissante dans le quotidien des municipalités rurales. On constate aujourd’hui que le modèle adopté, souvent mal adapté aux particularités du territoire, est insoutenable à long terme, notamment en ce qui concerne la faune sauvage, qui fait partie intégrante des milieux ruraux. La grande faune en particulier occupe de vastes espaces naturels (tant pour ses besoins en habitat que pour ses déplacements), dont il est impératif de tenir compte dans le développement du territoire. Dans la municipalité d’Austin (région de l’Estrie, Québec), les élus locaux ont saisi l’occasion que présentait la refonte quinquennale des règlements d’urbanisme pour introduire les notions de connectivité faunique dans le plan d’urbanisme municipal ainsi qu’intégrer dans son règlement de zonage, des règles et des critères applicables à des secteurs ciblés afin de favoriser la libre circulation de la faune.
Isolation and Identification of Symbiont Microorganisms from Bioluminescent Marine Life
Authors: Pringgenies Delianis , Dewi Kartika , Apriliyani Pramita 
Published: October 2019

Bioluminescence means the ability of animals or plants to naturally produce light. The three known ways by which bioluminescence is produced are through specific cells called photocytes, bioluminescent glands in tissues and symbiotic bioluminescent microorganisms. Bioluminescence in Loligo duvaucelii is known to be caused by the presence of symbiotic microorganisms in bioluminescent sacs. There is a need to compile more information on bioluminescent symbiotic microorganisms on marine life in Indonesia and their potential. This study aims to determine the species of bioluminescent microorganisms on squid and fish, namely Loligo sp. and Loligo edulis from the waters of Jepara and the Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) from the Strait of Malacca, Indonesia and their potential. The samples were collected by isolating the microorganisms from the luminescent organs, after which the bioluminescent microorganisms were used in the research. This research consisted of antimicrobial tests against pathogenic microorganisms which were conducted qualitatively. The bioluminescent microorganisms were identified using biochemical assay and molecular assay (16S rRNA PCR). Tests results from Loligo sp. symbiotic microorganisms found two isolates which showed antimicrobial activities against pathogenic Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) microorganisms, namely uncultured bacterium clone 1P-1-G05 against Escherichia coli with 32.59 mm of inhibitory zone and Uncultured bacterium clone 3g10a against Enterobacter sp. with 28.44 mm of inhibitory zone. The bioluminescent symbiont microorganisms in Loligo edulis, which was identified to be Photobacterium phosphoreum, showed antimicrobial activities against Vibrio harveyi, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus sp. Bioluminescent symbiotic microorganisms on H. nehereus identified Alteromonas macleodii, which showed gamma hemolysis on the blood agar test.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Ethanolic Extracts of Leaves of Annona muricata: A Green Nanobiotechnology Approach
Authors: Gavamukulya Yahaya , Maina Esther N. , Wamunyokoli Fred , Meroka Amos M. , Madivoli Edwin S. , El-Shemy Hany A. , Magoma Gabriel 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: The biological green synthesis of nanoparticles via nanobiotechnology processes have a significant potential to boost nanoparticles production without the use of harsh, toxic, and expensive chemicals commonly used in conventional physical and chemical processes. Annona muricata, a tropical plant belonging to family Annonaceae is one of the most used plants in folk medicine because of its many medicinal uses and therefore presents a strong candidate for use in green synthesis.
Aims: The aim of this study was to optimize a method for the synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) from ethanolic extracts of leaves of Annona muricata as well as to characterize the green synthesized AgNPs.
Methodology: AgNPs were synthesized from Annona muricata leaves using AgNO3 solution. The AgNPs were characterized using spectroscopy and microscopy techniques.
Results: The formed AgNPs had an absorption maximum at 429 nm using UV–Visible spectroscopy and were stable under different pH, temperature, and storage conditions. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed the different functional groups responsible for the synthesis and stabilization of the AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a spherical nature of the synthesized AgNPs. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis showed presence of Ag, O, and Cl with Ag having the highest composition at 60%. X-Ray Diffraction and Dynamic Light Scattering revealed a crystalline nature of AgNPs with an average size of 87.36 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.16 respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis further confirmed the crystalline and spherical nature of the AgNPs.
Conclusion: In this article, an efficient, eco-friendly and low-cost method for the synthesis and recovery of stable AgNPs using Annona muricata leaves ethanolic extracts as both a reducing and capping agent has been reported for the first time. The synthesized AgNPs could be promising candidates for many biomedical, clinical, engineering, and polymer applications.
Cytotoxic Effects of Xanthohumol and Its Combination with Cisplatin on Human Metastatic Lung Cancer H1299 Cells
Authors: Long B. , Parks E. , Pacurari P. , Rieland A. , Pacurari M. 
Published: October 2019

Aims: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for high lung cancer death that is mostly associated with advanced disease stage at diagnosis and resistance to chemotherapy. In the present study, we investigated whether xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid of hop plant, induces metastatic lung cancer H1299 cell death, and whether in combination with cisplatin there are additive effects.
Methodology: H1299 cells were grown and treated with xanthohumol (6.25, 12.5, or 25 µM), cisplatin (12.5, 25, or 50 µM) and the combination of cisplatin and xanthohumol for 24 h. Cell viability, cell morphology, chromatin condensation, ɣH2AX, cPARP-1, capsase-3, p21WAF1/CIP1 and p14ARF genes were analyzed.
Results: Xanthohumol, cisplatin, and the combination of cisplatin and xanthohumol inhibited H1299 cells viability. Cisplatin growth inhibitory effects were potentiated by xanthohumol. Xanthohumol induced chromatin condensation and apoptosis and potentiated cisplatin’s effect vs cisplatin alone. Further investigation of growth inhibitory effects, xanthohumol alone induced γH2AX foci formation and the combination potentiated γH2AX foci formation. Cisplatin, xanthohumol at 25 μM, and the combination of cisplatin and xanthohumol at 6.25 and 12.5 μM increased cPARP-1 level. Active caspase-3 was increased by cisplatin, 12.5 μM of xanthohumol, and the combination of xanthohumol and cisplatin. Xanthohumol at 6.25 or 12.5 μM potentiated cisplatin effect on active caspase-3 and cPARP-1, respectively. Xanthohumol at 25 µM significtly induced the expression cell cycle control genes p21WAF1/CIP1 and p14ARF. These results indicate that xanthohumol inhibits proliferation of H1299 cells and induces cell death through cleavage of PARP-1 and activation of caspase-3. The combination of cisplatin and xanthohumol potentiated cytotoxic effects of each other compound.
Conclusion: The present study suggests that xanthohumol poses apoptotic effects and potentiates cisplatin’s growth inhibitory effects on metastatic lung cancer cells.
Provision of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Community Pharmacies: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Structures and Processes in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Dapar M. P. , Joseph B. N. , Damun A. P. , Okunlola R. C. , Ibrahim H. A. , Mohammed S. G. , Chingle M. P. , Wannang N. N. 
Published: October 2019

Background: Community pharmacies are located close to the people, open long hours and weekends, making them ideal for provision of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, as a means of enhancing access and achieving universal coverage. However, structures (encompassing facilities and resources such as funds, private counselling space, number and qualification of staff) and processes (denoting actual activities undertaken such as: client screening, counselling, mechanisms for referral and collaboration with other healthcare professional) determine the suitability and capacity of community pharmacies to deliver quality SRH services.
Objective: To assess the structures and processes of SRH services in community pharmacies in Jos, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of staff in 63 community pharmacies of Jos metropolis, Plateau state, Nigeria. Three hundred and ten copies of the questionnaire were distributed to consenting participants. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) ® version 21 was used to manage data. Results were presented as descriptive statistics for structures and processes of SRH in the study population.
Results: A total of 296 completed questionnaires were retrieved. Eighty-two percent of respondents reported providing SRH services, which was mainly the sale of family planning (FP) products and counselling. Majority of these services 75%, were only offered on clients’ demand. SRH products sold were mainly oral contraceptive pills and the male condom. In terms of processes, about half (49.7%) of the respondents reported offering SRH services in collaboration with other health care providers, mainly in primary health care centres and private clinics. However, only a small proportion of the staff had any formal SRH specific training.
Conclusion: The composition and qualification of mix of staff in community pharmacies presented some inherent weaknesses in their capacity to deliver quality and effective SRH services. This may impede the desired goal of promoting wider access and achieving universal coverage of SRH services.
Chromatographic Behaviour of Antibiotics on Thin Layers of Zeolite
Authors: Raeisi Adham , Ramezani Mostafa , Ravazadeh Hossein , A. Taher Mahdi 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Antibiotics analysis is performed by many methods such as spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, polarography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. This analysis doesn't require derivatization but requires expensive equipment and extensive preparation. When more than one antibiotic is present in a formulation, interactions may occur between the drugs that must be separated before measurement. Thin-layer chromatography is a useful technique for identifying antibiotics because of the low cost, high speed, and low servicing. Silica gel adsorbents have often been used as adsorbents in all thin-layer chromatography studies. In this study, zeolite was used as an adsorbent in thin- layer chromatography with high selectivity.
Materials and Methods: The chromatographic behaviour of amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefalexin, and penicillin was studied for the first time on a thin layer of zeolite with mobile, organic, and organic- organic phases.
Discussion: The best separation of ceftriaxone from amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefixolin, cefalexin, and penicillin on a thin layer of zeolite using methanol as the mobile phase. The distance and rise time are 12 cm and 110 minutes, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that using the current method, the selectivity of one antibiotic from other components as well as two-component andthree-component adsorption was obtained. Quantitative identification of antibiotics was also performed in multicomponent mixtures after selection of appropriate isolates.
Study of in-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Cow Urine from Different Altitudinal and Climatic Region of Nepal
Authors: Joshi Dirgha Raj , Aryal Pramod , Chaudhary Mukesh Kumar , Kumar BK Prawin , Yadav Suvendra Prasad , Rawal Pratiksha , Adhikari Nisha , Bhandari Ravin 
Published: October 2019

Background: Cow urine has been widely used as therapeutic or additive agents in different parts of Nepal, mainly to treat infections, cuts, burns, etc. Cow urine has been considered as sacred and holy water and used in many rituals and worshipping purposes. Apart from therapeutic and rituals ceremony cow urines are also used in purification and disinfecting the houses.
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of cow urine from different altitudes across Nepal.
Materials and Methods: Antioxidant activity of cow urines was carried out by using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as free radicals. The antibacterial activity of cow urines was tested by the agar disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive).
Results: The urine sample from Muktinath (Subalpine region) showed the highest 44.8±0.21% inhibition against DPPH free radicals. The urine samples from Jajarkot and Marpha (Temperate zone) showed 39.70±0.43% and 37.30±0.15% inhibition against DPPH free radicals respectively. The urine samples from Palpa and Shyangja (Subtropical region) showed 30.00±0.24 and 34.4±0.01 percent inhibition of DPPH radicals. The samples from Butwal and Dhangadhi (Tropical region) showed the least percentage inhibition of 23.9±0.08 and 21.12±0.1 respectively. Amongst the entire sample, the subalpine region of cow urine (Muktinath 3710m) made known the highest inhibition zone such as 10.56±0.05mm against S. aureus and 7.46±0.15 against E.coli.
Conclusion: Our study has concluded that cow urines have the antibacterial and antioxidant activities and vary in potency according to altitudinal and climatic differences. Hence cow urine from the subalpine zone has better antibacterial and antioxidant activity than that of lower altitudinal climatic zones.
Microbiological Quality and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Microorganisms Associated with Stored Vegetables in Port Harcourt
Authors: Inana M. E. , Ogbonna D. N. , Douglas S. I. 
Published: October 2019

Aim: Vegetables are good sources of nutrients such as minerals, oil, vitamins and carbohydrates and are used in preparing different delicacies such as soups and salads. This study was aimed at investigating the microbiological quality and antibiotic resistance pattern of microorganisms associated with stored vegetables in raffia baskets.
Methodology: The vegetables were obtained from the Nigerian Stored Products Research institute (NSPRI) farm in Port Harcourt. Ten grams (10 g) each of fresh vegetables were homogenized differently in 90ml of sterile diluent. Aliquot (0.1 ml) of 10-3 and 10-5 dilutions of each vegetable sample was plated on nutrient agar plates and incubated at 37ºC for 24hours. Identified isolates were standardized using the 0.5 McFarland standard. This was done by transferring colonies of the test isolates into sterile 4 mL normal saline and comparing the turbidity of the isolate in the test tubes with the already prepared 0.5 McFarland. The disc diffusion method was used in determining the susceptibility pattern of the microorganisms against the antibiotics. In this method, the standardized inoculums were seeded aseptically on freshly prepared Mueller Hinton agar plates. Whatman discs which have been impregnated with different concentrations of the antibiotics were placed on the seeded plates and incubated at 37ºC for 18-24 hours.
Results: Zones of clearance or inhibition on plates were recorded. The genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Bordetella, Staphylococcus, Myroides, Escherichia, Serratia, Micrococcus and Acetobacter were identified as predominant microbes from the vegetables.
Conclusion: Despite the high level of resistance to the antibiotics, Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin were the most effective and preferred drugs of choice for treatment of infections arising from the consumption of these vegetables. Adequate heating and blanching of vegetables is required at all times to prevent food poisoning.