bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of SiC layer on microwave absorption properties of novel three-dimensional interconnected SiC foam with double-layer hollow skeleton
Authors: Li Binbin , Mao Bangxiao , He Tao , Wang Xingbang , Huang Haiquan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To design a lightweight and high-performance absorber, this work introduced a novel three-dimensional interconnected SiC foam with double-layer hollow skeleton (3D-ISF), which was prepared by depositing SiC, pyrolytic carbon, and SiC layer on interconnected carbon foam, followed by oxidation of carbon. SEM results showed the interconnected hollow structure had been successfully synthesized, which was beneficial for microwave absorbing efficiency, and numerous columnar SiC defects were observed and played a critical role in the microwave absorption properties. The electromagnetic performances of 3D-ISF-I and 3D-ISF-II were investigated in depth. With the increase of thickness of SiC layer, 3D-ISF-II exhibited a better microwave absorption property, which could be ascribed to the higher impedance matching ratio (Z

r
) and attenuation constant (α). The optimum reflection loss value of 3D-ISF-II could reach −45.649 dB while that of 3D-ISF-I was just −32.070 dB. There is no doubt that the prepared materials have tunable microwave absorbing properties, which can promote the development of SiC-based absorbing materials to a certain extent. Finally, it was confirmed that the Z

r
played a dominant role in 3D-ISF, which provided practical guidance for the design of porous materials.
Cyclic nanoindentation studies of HgCdTe epitaxial films
Authors: Sharma Hemant Kumar , Sharma Rajesh Kumar , Saxena Raghvendra Sahai , Gokhale Aditya , Prasad Rajesh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hg1−x
Cd
x
Te (x∼0.29) epitaxial films have been subjected to cyclic nanoindentation using spherical indenter from tribological aspects related to the development of polishing process for preparing defect free surface. Different loading/unloading rates of 0.5, 1 and the 4 mNs−1 with a peak load of 10 mN were used for 10 nanoindentation cycles. An open jaw shape was observed in the load-displacement curve for loading/unloading rate of 0.5 mNs−1, while hysteresis loops were observed for 1 and 4 mNs−1 loading/unloading rates. This phenomenon is explained in light of the regimes of elastic/anelastic deformation and smooth plastic flow. Pop-in during first loading cycle was observed at loading/unloading rates of 1 and 4 mNs−1, which was attributed to elasto-plastic transition. Multiple pop-in events of low extent were also found in the form of serrations in load-displacement curves for loading/unloading rates of 0.5 and 1 mNs−1. Based on these observations, the maximum load and minimum loading rate during polishing process for this material has been suggested. The mechanical properties of these films, such as contact stiffness and hardness have been extracted for different loading/unloading rates. The effect of indenter geometry on deformation behaviour using Berkovich indenter is also reported.
Effect of modified calcium sulphate whiskers on free-radical/cationic hybrid photopolymers for 3D printing
Authors: Jiao Ting , Lin Yucong , Liu Yang , Liu Jie , Lu Gang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study presents and evaluates hybrid photopolymers applied to 3D printing. To obtain the hybrid system, epoxy acrylates (EA), epoxy resins and photoinitiators were compounded. As inorganic fillers are traditionally used to improve mechanical properties, calcium sulphate whiskers (CSW) coated with chitosan (CS) were modified by acryloyl chloride and the effects of the modification on hybrid photopolymers were investigated. The viscosity and volume shrinkage of the hybrid system were also evaluated. Fourier transform infrared measurements showed that hybrid photopolymers had a higher conversion. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties showed that the tensile strength of the cured samples containing 7% modified CSW was increased by 28% compared to that of pure resin. Additionally, the improvement of interface interaction between modified whiskers and hybrid photopolymers was observed by a scanning electron microscope. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the hybrid system, with the addition of 7% modified whiskers, exhibited a higher storage modulus and crosslinking density. This work, the first to use modified CSW on 3D printing to enhance the tensile strength of hybrid photopolymers, demonstrates that the photocured samples can contribute to high accuracy and resolution.
Mechanical properties of cortical bones related to temperature and orientation of Haversian canals
Authors: Ma Zhichao , Qiang Zhenfeng , Zhao Hongwei , Piao Hulin , Ren Luquan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The understanding of mechanical performances and microscopic failure mechanisms of cortical bones under service condition is necessary prerequisite of fracture prevention, which would support the development of bone tissue engineering and design of bionic bones. By using miniaturized horizontal in situ compression tester, the effects of both temperature and sampling orientations on the compressive strengths and fracture morphologies were investigated. The significant difference between fracture strengths and compressive strains at various temperatures indicated that the cortical bone was sensitive to temperature. Direct experimental evidences revealed the gradually fibrotic trend of fracture surfaces as a function of sampling orientation. Through the Haversian canals distribution analysis, the relationship between the distribution of Haversian canals and fracture path was established. Essentially, the competition between high density Haversian canals and stress concentration factor determines the initiation and propagation of cracks.
Electrical investigation of ITO films in Al-doped crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Abdul Hamid Siti Nor Fazlina , Mohd Sinin Nurul Aqidah , Mohd Ahir Zon Fazlila , Sepeai Suhaila , Sopian Kamaruzzaman , H Zaidi Saleem 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Low temperature processing of crystalline Si solar cells is attractive due to lower wafer and manufacturing costs. For thinner silicon wafers, thermal mismatch between Al and Si at high temperatures leads to thermal stress and wafer bowing. In this paper, replacement of back surface Al BSF contact by ITO films has been investigated as a function of Al-doping level. ITO films were deposited on back Si surfaces with sheet resistances in ∼16–48Ω/□ range. ITO/Si contact resistance increases slightly as sheet resistance is reduced, however, the variation is not significant. At sheet resistance of 25Ω/□, solar cell performance comparable to conventional AL BSF configuration. Even at sheet resistance ∼50Ω/□, it is possible to form high quality ITO/Si contact. The role of surface defects has been deemed to be critical. Without etching of Al-doped surface, surface quality is poor due to defects originating from the Al-alloy formation. As these defects are removed with controlled etching, a more pristine surface emerges that forms superior contacts with ITO film.
Surface Ki-67 Expression Improves Reproducibility of Dysplasia Diagnosis in Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: Yousaf Hira , Hayat Umar , Manivel Juan , Iwamoto Carlos , Peltola Justin , Hanson Brian , Larson Wendy , Dachel Susan , Gravely Amy , Mesa Hector 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Many studies have shown poor reproducibility among pathologists for diagnosing dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Immunohistochemical stains (IHC) are not widely used due to overlapping expression patterns in reactive and dysplastic processes. We hypothesized that markers involved in cell-cycle (cyclin D1, Ki-67, P16), differentiation/cell-cell interaction (β-catenin, SATB2 CD44, OCT4) and senescence (γH2AX) would produce different results in reactive and dysplastic processes.

Methods
A micrograph album of 40 H&E and matching IHCs depicting optimally oriented lesions were evaluated independently by 3 pathologists. Expression was scored separately in the surface, isthmus, and base regions of the glands.

Results
Statistical analysis showed that surface Ki-67 expression showed the largest difference in expression and smallest P value (P &lt; .001) for identifying dysplasia. At a cutoff level of 5% or less, negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%. κ correlation between pathologists improved from substantial to almost perfect (0.70-0.95) using ancillary surface Ki-67.

Conclusion
A case-control study with glass slides including all diagnostic categories using this parameter confirmed improved κ correlation among pathologists (0.29 vs 0.60), better correlation with outcomes (76% vs 69%), increased odd risks (15.3) for progression in positive cases, and an improvement in sensitivity (88% vs 64%) and NPV (88% vs 73%) compared to histology alone.
Developing an Executive Functioning Composite Score for Research and Clinical Trials
Authors: Iverson Grant L , Karr Justin E , Terry Douglas P , Garcia-Barrera Mauricio A , Holdnack James A , Ivins Brian J , Silverberg Noah D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
Executive functioning encompasses interactive cognitive processes such as planning, organization, set-shifting, inhibition, self-monitoring, working memory, and initiating and sustaining motor and mental activity. Researchers therefore typically assess executive functioning with multiple tests, each yielding multiple scores. A single composite score of executive functioning, which summarizes deficits across a battery of tests, would be useful in research and clinical trials. This study examines multiple candidate composite scores of executive functioning using tests from the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS).

Method
Participants were 875 adults between the ages of 20 and 89 years from the D-KEFS standardization sample. Seven Total Achievement scores were used from three tests (i.e., Trail Making, Verbal Fluency, and Color–Word Interference) to form eight composite scores that were compared based on their psychometric properties and association with intelligence (IQ).

Results
The distributions of most composite scores were mildly to severely skewed, and some had a pronounced ceiling effect. The composite scores all showed a medium positive correlation with IQ. The composite scores were highly intercorrelated in the total sample and in four IQ subgroups (i.e., IQ &lt;89, 90–99, 100–109, 110+), with some being so highly correlated that they appear redundant.

Conclusions
This study is part of a larger research program developing a cognition endpoint for research and clinical trials with sound psychometric properties and utility across discrepant test batteries. Future research is needed to examine the reliability and ecological validity of these composite scores.
Interaction screening by Kendall’s partial correlation for ultrahigh-dimensional data with survival trait
Authors: Wang Jie-Huei , Chen Yi-Hau 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Motivation
In gene expression and genome-wide association studies, the identification of interaction effects is an important and challenging issue owing to its ultrahigh-dimensional nature. In particular, contaminated data and right-censored survival outcome make the associated feature screening even challenging.

Results
In this article, we propose an inverse probability-of-censoring weighted Kendall’s tau statistic to measure association of a survival trait with biomarkers, as well as a Kendall’s partial correlation statistic to measure the relationship of a survival trait with an interaction variable conditional on the main effects. The Kendall’s partial correlation is then used to conduct interaction screening. Simulation studies under various scenarios are performed to compare the performance of our proposal with some commonly available methods. In the real data application, we utilize our proposed method to identify epistasis associated with the clinical survival outcomes of non-small-cell lung cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and lung adenocarcinoma patients. Both simulation and real data studies demonstrate that our method performs well and outperforms existing methods in identifying main and interaction biomarkers.

Availability and implementation
R-package ‘IPCWK’ is available to implement this method, together with a reference manual describing how to perform the ‘IPCWK’ package.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The ELIXIR Core Data Resources: fundamental infrastructure for the life sciences
Authors: Drysdale Rachel , Cook Charles E , Petryszak Robert , Baillie-Gerritsen Vivienne , Barlow Mary , Gasteiger Elisabeth , Gruhl Franziska , Haas Jürgen , Lanfear Jerry , Lopez Rodrigo , Redaschi Nicole , Stockinger Heinz , Teixeira Daniel , Venkatesan Aravind ,   Elixir Core Data Resource Forum, Bateman Alex , Bridge Alan , Cochrane Guy , Finn Rob , Glöckner Frank Oliver , Hanauer Marc , Keane Thomas , Leach Andrew , Licata Luana , Oksvold Per , Orchard Sandra , Orengo Christine , Parkinson Helen , Persson Bengt , Porras Pablo , Rambla Jordi , Rath Ana , Rodwell Charlotte , Sarkans Ugis , Schomburg Dietmar , Sillitoe Ian , Spalding Dylan , Uhlén Mathias , Velankar Sameer , Vizcaíno Juan Antonio , von Feilitzen Kalle , von Mering Christian , Yates Andrew , Blomberg Niklas , Durinx Christine , McEntyre Johanna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sildenafil triggers tumor lethality through altered expression of HSP90 and degradation of PKD2
Authors: Chen Lu , Liu Yang , Becher Alexander , Diepold Kristina , Schmid Evi , Fehn Adrian , Brunner Cornelia , Rouhi Arefeh , Chiosis Gabriela , Cronauer Marcus , Seufferlein Thomas , Azoitei Ninel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The repurposing of existing drugs has emerged as an attractive additional strategy to the development of novel compounds in the fight against cancerous diseases. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) has been claimed as a potential approach to target various cancer subtypes in recent years. However, data on the treatment of tumors with PDE5 inhibitors as well as the underlying mechanisms are as yet very scarce. Here, we report that treatment of tumor cells with low concentrations of Sildenafil was associated with decreased cancer cell proliferation and augmented apoptosis in vitro and resulted in impaired tumor growth in vivo. Notably, incubation of cancer cells with Sildenafil was associated with altered expression of HSP90 chaperone followed by degradation of protein kinase D2, a client protein previously reported to be involved in tumor growth. Furthermore, the involvement of low doses of PU-H71, an HSP90 inhibitor currently under clinical evaluation, in combination with low concentrations of Sildenafil, synergistically and negatively impacted on the viability of cancer cells in vivo. Taken together, our study suggests that repurposing of already approved drugs, alone or in combination with oncology-dedicated compounds, may represent a novel cancer therapeutic strategy.
Motor Recruitment during Action Observation: Effect of Interindividual Differences in Action Strategy
Authors: Hilt P M , Cardellicchio P , Dolfini E , Pozzo T , Fadiga L , D’Ausilio A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Visual processing of other’s actions is supported by sensorimotor brain activations. Access to sensorimotor representations may, in principle, provide the top-down signal required to bias search and selection of critical visual features. For this to happen, it is necessary that a stable one-to-one mapping exists between observed kinematics and underlying motor commands. However, due to the inherent redundancy of the human musculoskeletal system, this is hardly the case for multijoint actions where everyone has his own moving style (individual motor signature—IMS). Here, we investigated the influence of subject’s IMS on subjects’ motor excitability during the observation of an actor achieving the same goal by adopting two different IMSs. Despite a clear dissociation in kinematic and electromyographic patterns between the two actions, we found no group-level modulation of corticospinal excitability (CSE) in observers. Rather, we found a negative relationship between CSE and actor-observer IMS distance, already at the single-subject level. Thus, sensorimotor activity during action observation does not slavishly replicate the motor plan implemented by the actor, but rather reflects the distance between what is canonical according to one’s own motor template and the observed movements performed by other individuals.
Understanding TIA: an ethnographic study of TIA consultations
Authors: Bridgwood Bernadeta M , Wilson Andrew , Clarke David , Eborall Helen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is a transient episode of neurological dysfunction. Rapid access TIA clinics have been set up as integrated ‘one-stop’ clinics that aim to investigate, diagnose, educate and implement treatment to reduce the risk of further TIA/stroke.

Objective
This study aimed to examine how TIA consultations were conducted by observing the consultations and then interviewing patients.

Methods
This ethnographic study observed fifteen patient-clinician consultations where a diagnosis of TIA was made within three different TIA outpatient clinics in the East Midlands. All fifteen patients, their accompanying family-members/carers and three stroke clinicians were interviewed. Data analysis was informed by the constant comparative approach.

Results
There was considerable variation in the conduct of these consultations across sites and clinicians. This resulted in variation in patient experience and knowledge after the consultation including the ability to recognize TIA-associated risk factors and their management. As TIA symptoms resolve, patients may reduce their need to seek health care services in addition to demonstrating reduced concordance with secondary stroke prevention. Health professionals recognize that this single appointment provides patients with a large amount of information which may be difficult to process. Importantly, there was little discussion about future symptoms and how to respond. A management plan, which considered a patient’s health belief, knowledge and encouraged the involvement of family members, improved information recall.

Conclusions
TIA is a complex medical diagnosis with multiple risk factors that may make the management complex and hence difficult for patients to undertake. Our findings found variability in the conduct, provision of information and patient understanding. Guidance on nationally agreed consultation framework may prove useful. Improved patient education may include individualized/sustained education utilizing multidisciplinary team members across family/primary and secondary care, video or greater online education and improved general public education.
Reclassification of Bacillus aryabhattai Shivaji et al. 2009 as a later heterotypic synonym of Bacillus megaterium de Bary 1884 (Approved Lists 1980)
Authors: Narsing Rao Manik Prabhu , Dong Zhou-Yan , Liu Guo-Hong , Li Li , Xiao Min , Li Wen-Jun 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
In the present study, the taxonomic position of Bacillus aryabhattai and Bacillus megaterium was evaluated using morphological, biochemical, phylogenomic and genome analysis. The morphological and biochemical of these two species were almost similar with few exceptions. The major fatty acids in B. megaterium DSM 32T and B. aryabhattai 21047T were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. In the phylogenomic tree, both species clade together and shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.6%). The average nucleotide identity values between Bacillus aryabhattai and Bacillus megaterium were above the threshold values for bacterial species delineation. Based upon morphological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and comparative genome analysis, we propose to reclassify Bacillus aryabhattai Shivaji et al. 2009 as a later heterotypic synonym of Bacillus megaterium de Bary 1884 (Approved Lists 1980).
Dynamic coupling of allometric ratios to a process-based forest growth model for estimating the impacts of stand density changes
Authors: Grote Rüdiger , Kraus David , Weis Wendelin , Ettl Rasmus , Göttlein Axel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProcess-based models are increasingly applied for simulating long-term forest developments in order to capture climate change impacts and to investigate suitable management responses. Regarding dimensional development, however, allometric relations such as the height/diameter ratio, branch and coarse root fractions or the dependency of crown dimension on stem diameter often do not account for environmental influences. While this may be appropriate for even-aged, monospecific forests, serious biases can be expected if stand density or forest structure changes rapidly. Such events occur in particular when forests experience disturbances such as intensive thinning or during early development stages of planted or naturally regenerated trees. We therefore suggest a calculation of allometric relationships that depends primarily on neighbourhood competition. Respective equations have been implemented into a physiology-based ecosystem model that considers asymmetric competition by explicit simulation of resource acquisition and depletion per canopy layer. The new implementation has been tested at two sites in Germany where beech (Fagus sylvatica) saplings have either been planted below a shelterwood of old spruces (Picea abies) or grown under clear-cut conditions. We show that the modified model is able to realistically describe tree development in response to stand density changes and is able to represent regeneration growth beneath a gradually decreasing overstorey of mature trees. In particular, the model could represent the faster crown size development in saplings until full ground coverage is established and a faster height growth afterwards. The effect enhances leaf area and thus assimilation per tree and increases carbon availability for stem growth at early development stages. Finally, the necessity to consider dynamic allometric relations with respect to climate change impacts is discussed, and further improvements are suggested.
CAMITAX: Taxon labels for microbial genomes
Authors: Bremges Andreas , Fritz Adrian , McHardy Alice C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The number of microbial genome sequences is increasing exponentially, especially thanks to recent advances in recovering complete or near-complete genomes from metagenomes and single cells. Assigning reliable taxon labels to genomes is key and often a prerequisite for downstream analyses.

Findings
We introduce CAMITAX, a scalable and reproducible workflow for the taxonomic labelling of microbial genomes recovered from isolates, single cells, and metagenomes. CAMITAX combines genome distance–, 16S ribosomal RNA gene–, and gene homology–based taxonomic assignments with phylogenetic placement. It uses Nextflow to orchestrate reference databases and software containers and thus combines ease of installation and use with computational reproducibility. We evaluated the method on several hundred metagenome-assembled genomes with high-quality taxonomic annotations from the TARA Oceans project, and we show that the ensemble classification method in CAMITAX improved on all individual methods across tested ranks.

Conclusions
While we initially developed CAMITAX to aid the Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation (CAMI) initiative, it evolved into a comprehensive software package to reliably assign taxon labels to microbial genomes. CAMITAX is available under Apache License 2.0 at https://github.com/CAMI-challenge/CAMITAX.