bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Z-Acrylonitrile Derivatives: Improved Synthesis, X-ray Structure, and Interaction with Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Parveen Mehtab , Aslam Afroz , Nami Shahab A.A. , Ahmad Musheer 
Published: November 2019

Aim and Objective:In the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, acrylonitrile derivatives are the most important and appropriate precursors. These compounds are the most important intermediates and subunits for the enhancement of molecules having pharmaceutical or biological interests. Nitrogen-containing compounds have received extensive consideration in the literature over the years.Materials and Methods:A facile, economic and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of acrylonitrile derivatives using p-nitrophenylacetonitrile and aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes in the presence of zinc chloride at room temperature. Spectroscopic data were obtained using the following instruments: Fourier transform infrared spectra (KBr discs, 4000-400 cm-1) by Shimadzu IR-408 Perkin-Elmer 1800 instrument; 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra by Bruker Avance-II 400 MHz using DMSO-d6 as a solvent containing TMS as the internal standard.Results:To continue our ongoing studies to synthesize heterocyclic and pharmaceutical compounds by mild, facile and efficient protocols, herein we wish to report our experimental results on the synthesis of acrylonitrile derivatives, using various aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes and p-nitrophenylacetonitrile in the presence of zinc chloride in ethanolic media at room temperature. Some of the new compounds were tested for their human serum albumin activity (HSA) while a study of interaction with HSA protein was performed for compounds 3a and 3b. The results show that compound 3b binds tightly to HSA as compared to compound 3a.Conclusion:It can be concluded that acrylonitrile derivatives can be synthesized by an efficient method via the reaction of p-nitrophenylacetonitrile with aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes by the use of zinc chloride as an effective solid catalyst. The remarkable features of this procedure include excellent yields (90-95%), short reaction period (30 min.), moderate reaction environment, easy workup procedure and managing of the catalyst. This method may find a wide significance in organic synthesis for the synthesis of the Z-acrylonitrile.
Green Coffee (Coffea arabica) and its Residual Biomass: Characterization for the Industrial Approach
Authors: Oliveira Érica R. , Carvalho Gabriel R. , Santos Paula R. , Queiroz Fabiana 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The increase in the production of green coffee oil by pressing has generated
as a residue the press cake or biomass, whose characterization allows the evaluation of its potential as
a source of extracts rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the green coffee beans quality and its relation to
the by-product (biomass) obtained from the beans mechanical pressing to obtain oil (generated by the
oil industry), making information available on the effect of the pressing process on the biomass
characteristic.

Methods:
Soluble solids, bulk density, pH, acidity, nutritional value, sugar, wall components, enzymatic
activity, caffeine, chlorogenic acids, tannins, and total phenolic content were carried out.

Results:
By comparing the composition of the green beans and biomass, it could be observed that
many compounds (protein, fiber, ash) were not extracted by the mechanical pressing process, in
which the oil is removed but with a very low yield (< 20%). There was a reduction in the enzymatic
activity of PPO (21.16 U g-1), POD (3.18 U g-1), and PG (7.39 U); PME (17281.9 U g-1) showed an
increase in its activity in the biomass; lipase activity was not statistically altered. The results
indicated the potential of the biomass to obtain products based on caffeine (0.9%), chlorogenic acids
(11.66 mg L-1), phenolic compounds (131.1 mg 100 g-1), and oil (6.27%).

Conclusion:
The green coffee beans biomass is still a rich source of nutrients that could be exploited
by the industry.
Dietary Intake of Mycotoxin Susceptible Foods by Brazilian Nursing Mothers
Authors: Tonon Karina M. , Reiter Mercedes G.R. , de Oliveira Dutra Milena , Savi Geovana D. , Scussel Vildes M. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The human milk has several health benefits to the mother and child, and it is
the ideal form of nutrition for infants. However, some food contaminants such as mycotoxins can be
transferred from the mother to the child through breast milk.

Objective:
To access the dietary intake of mycotoxin susceptible foods by nursing mothers.

Methods:
The dietary intake of mycotoxin susceptible foods was investigated by interviewing nursing
mothers (n = 86), who were registered donors of the Human Milk Bank (HMB) of Blumenau
(Brazil), through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The mothers were contacted and those who
agreed to answer the FFQ were recruited for the study group. The interview was conducted individually,
face to face with each mother, by a trained researcher. The FFQ was divided into three food
Groups (vegetables, animal and beverages, respectively), considered most prone to mycotoxins contamination.
Socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers were also obtained.

Results:
The FFQ revealed a high weekly intake of foods susceptible to fungi and mycotoxin contamination.
Consumption of wheat, coffee and cow’s milk was reported by 52, 44 and 51% of the
mothers, respectively. The consumption of those foods occurred daily to more than 7 times per week.

Conclusion:
The study revealed that Brazilian nursing mothers frequently consume foods susceptible
to mycotoxin contamination, especially wheat and its by-products. Brazilian health, environmental
and agriculture authorities should pay permanent attention by applying monitoring programs to
grains and cereals - both imported and domestically produced - as they are highly susceptible to fungi
and mycotoxin contamination, which can be transferred to infants via breastfeeding, apart from
harming the general population health.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 18F-INER-1577-3 as a Central Nervous System (CNS) Histone Deacetylase Imaging Agent
Authors: Li Ming-Hsin , Chang Han-Chih , Feng Chun-Fang , Yu Hung-Wen , Shiue Chyng-Yann 
Published: November 2019

Background::
Epigenetic dysfunction is implicated in many neurologic, psychiatric and
oncologic diseases. Consequently, histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors have been developed
as therapeutic and imaging agents for these diseases. However, only a few radiotracers have been
developed as HDACs imaging agents for the central nervous system (CNS). We report herein the
synthesis and evaluation of [18F]INER-1577-3 ([18F]5) as an HDACs imaging agent for CNS.

Methods::
[18F]INER-1577-3 ([18F]5) was synthesized by two methods: one-step (A) and two-step
(B) methods. Briefly, radiofluorination of the corresponding precursors (11, 12) with
K[18F]/K2.2.2 followed by purifications with HPLC gave ([18F]5). The quality of [18F]INER-
1577-3 synthesized by these methods was verified by HPLC and TLC as compared to an authentic
sample. The inhibitions of [18F]INER-1577-3 and related HDACs inhibitors on tumor cells growth
were carried out with breast cancer cell line 4T1 and MCF-7. The whole-body and brain uptake of
[18F]INER-1577-3 in rats and AD mice were determined using a micro-PET scanner and the data
was analyzed using PMOD.

Results: :
The radiochemical yield of [18F]INER-1577-3 synthesized by these two methods was 1.4
% (Method A) and 8.8% (Method B) (EOB), respectively. The synthesis time was 115 min and
100 min, respectively, from EOB. The inhibition studies showed that INER-1577-3 has a significant
inhibitory effect in HDAC6 and HDAC8 but not HDAC2. PET studies in rats and AD mice
showed a maximum at about 15 min postinjection for the whole brain of a rat (0.47 ± 0.03
%ID/g), SAMP8 mice (5.63 ± 1.09 %ID/g) and SAMR1 mice (7.23 ± 1.21 %ID/g).

Conclusion::
This study showed that INER-1577-3 can inhibit tumor cell growth and is one of a
few HDACs inhibitors that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and monitor HDAC activities
in AD mice. Thus, [18F]INER-1577-3 may be a potent HDACs imaging agent, especially
for CNS.
Kinetic Models to Produce an Antioxidant by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Bovine Plasma Protein Using a High Substrate Concentration
Authors: Gómez Nathalia A. , Gómez Leidy J. , Zapata José E. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The animal blood that is produced in a slaughterhouse is a potential source
of inexpensive proteins used in the food industry around the world. However, 60% of it is surplus,
and it ends with a negative environmental impact.

Introduction:
The enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins represents a good way to produce peptides with
different biological activities.

Methods:
Enzymatic hydrolysis of bovine plasma with subtilisin at an alkaline pH and 61.5°C was
performed using the pH-stat method. Experiments were conducted considering the effects of a high
initial substrate concentration (So) and the enzyme/substrate ratio (E/S) minimizing the processing
time necessary to obtain a specific degree of hydrolysis (DH).

Results:
The best conditions obtained were 42 g/L of So and 0.89 AU/g substrate of E/S until a DH
of 20% in 11,1 ± 1,1 min was achieved to the tested conditions, which result in a fitted empirical
polynomial equation of degree 3.

Conclusion:
A kinetic equation is established to relate the DH and the reaction time to a relative error
of less than 5% in the fit, to obtain a good antioxidant product in an industrially interesting time.
Additionally, the results suggest a good adjustment of the data with a determination coefficient (R2)
of 0.9745 in validation.
An Assessment of the Effects of Azodicarbonamide-containing Diet on Neurobehaviour, Brain Antioxidant Status and Membrane Lipid Peroxidation Status in Rats
Authors: Olofinnade Anthony T. , Adeyeba Adegboyega , Onaolapo Adejoke Y. , Onaolapo Olakunle J. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Azodicarbonamide is a dough-enhancer used in the process of breadmaking
in countries like Nigeria. While there have been suggestions that it is a sensitizer of the
respiratory system, there is a dearth of information on its effects on the central nervous system.

Aim:
This study assessed the effects of azodicarbonamide on the central nervous system (ADA)
in rats.

Objective:
The effects of ADA-containing diet on neurobehaviour, brain antioxidant status, and
neuromorphology of selected brain regions in rats were examined.

Method:
Forty adult rats were randomly-assigned into four groups of ten rats each, and were
given standard diet or diet containing ADA at 1, 2 and 4% respectively. Rats were fed a standard
diet or ADA-containing diet for a period of 28 days. Weekly body weight assessment and daily
estimation of food intake were done. Behavioural tests in the Open field, Y-maze, radial-arm
maze, and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) were conducted on day 29. Twenty-four hours after the
last behavioural test, animals were euthanised, whole brains were dissected, weighed, and either
homogenised for assessment of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status; or sectioned and
processed for general histology.

Results :
Consumption of ADA-containing diet was associated with a significant decrease in
weight gain/food intake, and significant suppression of horizontal locomotion and rearing behaviours;
however, grooming activity increased significantly. Also, there was a significant reduction
of open-arm time in the EPM and a significant increase in Y-maze alternation (at the lowest concentration
of ADA). ADA-containing diet was not associated with significant changes in brain
oxidative status or neuromorphology.

Conclusion:
The study showed that while ADA-containing diet may alter neurobehaviour in rats;
this was not associated with evidence of brain oxidative stress or neuro-histomorphological
alterations.
Effect of Particle Size Distribution and Selective Alcohol Additives for Preparation of High Concentration Coal-Water Slurry
Authors: Das Debadutta , Routray Anupama , Pattanaik Swetashree , Parhi Pankaj K. , Das Bijnyan R. , Das Subrata N. 
Published: November 2019

Background:The alternative of oil is highly essential in the present context due to the acute shortage of oil as well as increasing demand for it from different public and private sectors. Since 1980, attention has been focused on coal-water slurry as an alternative fuel for the power generation industry and a suitable substitute for oil in several industrial applications. One of the exciting areas in Coal Water Slurry (CWS) is coal–water-alcohol slurry in which different alcohol compound can act as a dispersant for the stabilisation of coal–water slurry.Objective:The objective of this paper is to prepare a high concentration coal–water-alcohol slurry using glycerol, glycol and ethanol as an additive, and different particle size distribution of coal. This will increase the surface activity of the coal thereby, decreasing the viscosity of the slurry.Method:Two bimodal samples are prepared in which coarse particles are (212 μm - 300 μm), (150 μm – 212 μm) and fine particle below 75 μm. Three types of alcohol additive namely glycerol, glycol and ethanol are used as a dispersant. Malvern Particle size analyzer is used to measure the particle size distribution of the coal samples. Rheological study of CWAS was conducted using HAAKE RHEO STRESS 1.Result:From the experiment, it has been concluded that the optimum addition of glycerol in water is taken as 90:10 of water and glycerol ratio because after that, there is no further decrease in the value of viscosity. An optimum value of glycol and ethanol mixed in water was determined and found as in the ratio of 86:14 and 82:18, respectively.Conclusion:From different parameter studies like coal concentration, pH, temperature, apparent viscosity and stability, it has been concluded that coal-water-glycerol slurry is better than other coal water- alcohol slurry. This is because of the presence of more OH- groups in glycerol. The static stability of this coal-water-alcohol slurry exists for the maximum period of 31 days.
Design, Development and Optimization of Glibenclamide Sustained Release Matrix Tablet by Using Natural Polymers
Authors: Ramteke Kuldeep H. , Ghadge Dipika E. , Palve Savita A. , Gaikwad Sachin S. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Tablets being the conventional dosage forms can be modified for providing
the desired therapeutic effect to the patients. The network of matrix in the tablet allows the drug release
to be slowed down considerably.

Objective:
The prime objective of the study was to formulate sustained release glibenclamide matrix
tablets using locust bean gum and karaya gum as a matrix polymer.

Methods:
Tablets were formulated by optimization using 32 factorial designs by direct compression
method using different drug: polymer concentrations. The dependent variables selected were % cumulative
drug release (Y1) and % drug content (Y2). The independent variables are the amount of locust
bean gum (X1) and karayagum (X2). Drug-polymer compatibility studies were confirmed by
FTIR and DSC. The pre-compression properties of powder were assessed indicating a good flow
property. The evaluation results of the tablets were found to be within the Indian Pharmacopoeial
limit. In this work, the effect of diluents type and polymer type was studied on the drug release with
its increase in concentration.

Results:
All the formulations showed retarded drug release as the concentration of the polymer was
increased. Formulation F8 was selected as the best-optimized formulation with about 100.56% drug
release within 12 h. Release kinetics was carried out and it was found to be zero-order release and
from assay, drug content was found to be in limits.

Conclusion:
ANOVA analysis indicated that the studied variables affected the response variables
significantly. The optimized formulation was stable. Hence, it is concluded that the Glibenclamide
sustained release matrix tablet containing natural polymers were successfully formulated by using 32
factorial design.
The Efficacy Study of Duramectin, Oxfendazole, Piperazine, and Pyrantel pamoate Against Gastrointestinal Worms In Horses In Yogyakarta Special Region*)
Authors: Yuriadi Yuriadi , Tjahajati Ida , Indarjulianto Soedarmanto , Widiyono Irkham 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT This research aimed at determining the efficacy of duramectin, oxfendazole, piperazine, and pyrantelpamoate against gastrointestinal worms in horses in Yogyakarta Special Region and Central Java. The object of research involved 40 horses diagnosed with gastrointestinal worm infection. Prior to the research, all of the horses were subjected to examination for clinical symptoms and parasitology laboratory checkup for signs of worm eggs in their feces, and they were pronounced positive for experiment animals with at least 150 eggs per gram of feces per horse. The research horses were weighed to determine the dose of worm medication to be used. The research horses are divided into four treatment groups, each group consists of ten horses. Group I was given duramectin with a dose of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight. Group II was given oxfendazole with a dose of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight, Group III was given 125 mg Piperazin treatment per kilogram of body weight and Group IV was given pyrantelpamoate with a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight. After receiving themedication, the horses were observed to document the progress in terms of clinical symptoms and the amount and type of worm eggs in their feces every three days for four times in a row. The research data results were tabulated and were descriptive-comparatively analyzed.The research result showed varying efficacy level of worm medication for horses. Oxfendazole kills Strongylus and Parascaris worms. Duramectin kills Strongylus worms and reduce some of the Parascaris worms. Piperazineandpyrantelpamoate kills the Strongylus wormsand reduce some of the Parascaris. Keywords: horses, gastrointestinal worms, Duramectin, Oxfendazole, Piperazine, PyrantelPamoate.
Menurunnya Kandungan Kolesterol Telur Itik dengan Pemberian Bawang Putih Segar dengan Waktu Analisis yang Berbeda
Authors: Jaya I Nyoman , Haryani Ni Ketut Dewi , Indarsih Budi 
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of the giving of fresh garlic against a decrease in cholesterol levels duck eggs with different analysis time. To achieve that goal, then conducted a study using 50 tail as control with local feeding without given garlic and 50 tail given 25 g/head/day of fresh garlic. The data were analyzed using T-Test, the parameters are observed in this research are cholesterol levels, triglyceride egg yolk, the consumption of feed, feed conversion, egg production, egg weight, and mortality. Analysis of cholesterol levels and triglycerides egg yolks are done at the study week I, III, and V with the method extract ether and the procedure CHOD-PAP. The results showed that there is a decrease in cholesterol 152.24 mg per dl (72.19%) and triglycerides of 130.56 mg per dl (23.42%) a very sharp from the first week to the third week. The feed consumption, egg weight, egg production, and feed conversion are not affected by the time of analysis. The results of this study indicate that to get the content of cholesterol and low fat, given fresh garlic for three weeks. Duck Eggs; Garlic; Cholesterol
O ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO EM SERVIÇO SOCIAL
Authors: Lewgoy Alzira Maria Baptista 
Published: November 2019

Este artigo é produto da exposição do Módulo VI “O Estágio Supervisionado em Serviço Social”, do Curso de Atualização “As Diretrizes Curriculares e o Projeto de Formação Profissional de Serviço Social (Abepss Itinerante)”. Apresenta-se como elementos introdutórios as ideias construtoras do planejamento coletivo deste módulo, cujo produto resultou na elaboração de um programa constituído de ementa, objetivos e conteúdo programático. Nele, contextualiza--se a conjuntura sócio-histórica e política da formação em Serviço Social e as tensões presentes na relação entre formação e mercado de trabalho. Além disso, são abordados os instrumentos normativos do estágio supervisionado, fruto de trabalho coletivo e de acúmulo político profissional do Serviço Social brasileiro, apontando sua direção teórica, ética e política. Neste percurso, apresenta-se o debate sobre o estágio supervisionado no que se refere aos desafios e às estratégias para a articulação entre formação e exercício profissional. Conclui-se, portanto, que o produto deste módulo situa-se no campo dos estudos sobre o estágio supervisionado, afinado no horizonte social e ético-político do projeto profissional no sentido de socialização e de apropriação coletiva de um saber que, alicerçado nas dimensões da competência profissional (ético-política, teórico-metodológica e técnico-operativa) faça sentido, diferença e consequência no cotidiano da formação e do exercício profissional. Palavras-Chave: Formação Profissional, Estágio Supervisionado, Serviço Social.
Apresentação
Authors: Rodrigues Maria das Graças Soares , Zandwais Ana , Cabral Ana Lúcia Tinoco 
Published: November 2019

O documento conhecido como a Carta-Testamento de Getúlio Vargas constitui um dos mais importantes e conhecidos textos da história política do Brasil. Trata-se de uma carta datilografada, que foi encontrada na mesa de cabeceira do Presidente e lida por telefone pelo então Ministro da Economia, Oswaldo Aranha, em transmissão nacional pelo rádio poucas horas após o suicídio do então presidente que, no dia 24 de agosto de 1954, encerrou sua vida com um tiro o peito. Foi novamente lida por ocasião do sepultamento.A carta foi endereçada ao povo brasileiro e sua leitura causou muita comoção, teve grande repercussão no país à época e desencadeou inúmeras manifestações populares que evitaram um golpe de estado que se preparava. Com efeito, Vargas sempre procurou fazer acompanhar suas ações de efeito político e, com essa carta, busca justificar seu ato contra a própria vida, atribuindo a seus opositores a responsabilidade. Na Carta, Getúlio informa que deu cabo à própria vida devido a pressões de grupos internacionais e nacionais contrários ao trabalhismo. É um documento composto de duas laudas datilografadas, cujo texto constitui um rico exemplar para ser estudado de várias perspectivas teóricas.
O olhar enunciativo da semântica argumentativa sobre a carta de Vargas
Authors: Barbisan Leci Borges , Graeff Telisa Furnaletto 
Published: November 2019

O artigo pretende mostrar os sentidos argumentativos da Carta Testamento de Vargas, com base na teoria da Argumentação na Língua (ADL), de Ducrot e Anscombre, mais especificamente, na sua versão atual, a Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos (TBS), apresentada por Carel e desenvolvida juntamente com Ducrot. A ADL/TBS propôs considerar como relações semanticamente pertinentes entre um signo e outro as relações sintagmáticas, ou seja, os encadeamentos argumentativos com conector do tipo de portanto, ditos normativos, ou do tipo de mesmo assim, ditos transgressivos. Encadeamentos como esses, autorizados por um signo, são os que constituem seu sentido. Como a argumentação interna do título Carta Testamento requer que se responda às perguntas: quem é o doador da herança? qual é o legado? quem são os beneficiados?, buscou-se, também, a fundamentação na Teoria da Argumentação Polifônica (TAP), proposta por Ducrot e Carel, que reúne princípios da concepção argumentativa de sentido e da Teoria da Polifonia de Ducrot. A ADL/TBS e a TAP permitiram explicitar a imagem que a Carta Testamento apresenta do doador da herança, dos beneficiados, dos opositores e do legado. A relação entre as argumentações e as Pessoas que os garantem, conduziu às respostas, revelando o sentido do discurso e do título.