bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children as Public Goods: At What Cost?
Authors: Shields Liam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
All children have rights to care, education, food, shelter, and more besides. The creation of children is, therefore, the creation of costly entitlements. But who, other than the parents, can be expected to share these costs? And how much can they be expected to contribute? To date, political theorists have only attended to the first question. But without a well-reasoned answer to the second question, we won’t know whether sharing should be generous or very little, equal or unequal. In this paper, I provide the first examination of the extent of cost sharing required if children are public goods. I argue that viewing children as public goods places important limits on the total costs to be fairly shared by non-parents. This casts doubt on the view, assumed by many political theorists, that the costs of all children’s entitlements must be equally shared between parents and non-parents.
INTERFERENCE TORTS IN THE DIGITAL ASSET WORLD
Authors: Liu Hin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cases across the common law world have recognised digital assets as property, but the question of how such assets should be protected against interferences remains contested. At present, the “chattel torts” (conversion, trespass and reversionary injury) do not cover digital assets, leaving a gap in protection in respect of digital assets. There have been suggestions that the tort of conversion should be extended to cover digital assets, but this article argues that this extension would be undesirable for two reasons. First, there are fundamental differences between physical and digital assets, meaning that the concepts and thresholds used in the chattel tort context generate uncertain results (and create substantial risks of incorrect results) in the digital asset context. Second, the rules governing the chattel torts are unsatisfactory and contain many negative characteristics, and so extending the chattel torts to digital assets would replicate the same negative characteristics in the digital asset context.
Politicization within Government Agencies in the Canadian Federal Government
Authors: Doberstein Carey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The proliferation of agencies and arm's-length bodies provides opportunities for elected governments to reassert political control in a fragmented public service through staffing and board appointments. We have little basis to make systematic claims about the politicization of agencies in Canada. This study addresses this gap by drawing on the Government of Canada's Staffing and Non-Partisanship Survey (SNPS) micro data from 2018 and 2021, which surveys employees in departments and agencies with questions related to political impartiality in carrying out government duties. We ask: Do employees in agencies in the Government of Canada report a climate of less political impartiality than those working in conventional departments? The data reveals that those working in agencies are less likely to report their organizations acting impartially politically in carrying out their duties than those in conventional departments, though this is driven largely by particular types of agencies, namely those focused on enforcement.
Hardy spaces and Riesz transforms on a Lie group of exponential growth
Authors: Sjögren Peter , Vallarino Maria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let G be the Lie group

${\mathbb{R}}^2\rtimes {\mathbb{R}}^+$

endowed with the Riemannian symmetric space structure. Take a distinguished basis

$X_0,\, X_1,\,X_2$

of left-invariant vector fields of the Lie algebra of G, and consider the Laplacian

$\Delta=-\sum_{i=0}^2X_i^2$

and the first-order Riesz transforms

$\mathcal R_i=X_i\Delta^{-1/2}$

,

$i=0,1,2$

. We first show that the atomic Hardy space H1 in G introduced by the authors in a previous paper does not admit a characterization in terms of the Riesz transforms

$\mathcal R_i$

. It is also proved that two of these Riesz transforms are bounded from H1 to H1.
Digital CBT for insomnia and emotion regulation in the workplace: a randomised waitlist-controlled trial
Authors: Moukhtarian Talar R. , Fletcher Sophie , Walasek Lukasz , Patel Krishane , Toro Carla , Hurley-Wallace Anna L. , Kershaw Charlotte , Russel Sean , Daly Guy , Tang Nicole K. Y. , Meyer Caroline 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the recommended first-line treatment for insomnia. However, scaling this proven effective intervention to areas of high need remains a challenge, necessitating sensitive adaptation and evaluation.

Methods
A randomised waitlist-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of a hybrid digital CBT-I and emotion regulation (dCBT-I + ER) intervention delivered through workplaces. Participants with at least mild insomnia and depression or anxiety symptoms were randomised to the intervention or waitlist control groups. The intervention was delivered via a web-based platform and four video-conferencing therapy sessions. Participants tracked their sleep using actigraphy and a sleep diary that was used to pace the intervention delivered. Assessments occurred at baseline and 8 weeks post-randomisation, measuring insomnia, depression, anxiety, psychological well-being, quality of life, and work productivity.

Results
Of the 159 participants (mean age 43.6 ± 9.4 years, 76.7% female, 80.5% white), 80 received the intervention and 79 were in the control group. The intervention group showed significant improvements in insomnia (F1, 134 = 71.46, p < .0001); depression (F1, 134 = 35.67, p < .0001); and anxiety (F1, 134 = 17.63, p < .0001), with large effect sizes (d = 0.7–1.5). Sleep diary data supported these findings, whereas actigraphy data did not. Improvements in psychological well-being were significant (F1, 132.13 = 10.64, p < 0.001), whereas quality of life, work productivity, and satisfaction outcomes were not.

Conclusions
This study suggests that a hybrid dCBT-I + ER intervention, delivered via workplaces, effectively improves insomnia, depression, and anxiety. It holds promise as a scalable solution, warranting further investigation into its long-term efficacy and economic impact.
Sources and U. S. Citizenship in the Antebellum United States: A View from Abroad
Authors: Heerman M. Scott 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article republishes a series of documents concerning citizenship rights for African Americans who were abroad. Twice during the 1850s the U.S. Secretary of State (William L. Marcy) issued instructions to consuls where he spelled out the relationship between race and citizenship for individuals who were beyond the borders of the United States. Because citizenship was not clearly defined the antebellum period, either in law or practice, the Secretary's guidance offers an important set of documents that scholars from a variety of fields can incorporate into their scholarship and teaching.
Wealth inequality, entrepreneurship, and aggregate output: a tale of two centuries in the UK
Authors: Yang Xiaoliang , Zhou Peng , Dong Xue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the long-run nexus between wealth inequality and aggregate output using a DSGE model in which wealth inequality endogenously affects individual entrepreneurship incentives, thereby influencing aggregate output. Our model passes the indirect inference test against the UK data from 1870 to 2015. We find that shocks to aggregate TFP, entrepreneurial barriers, government grant support and general government spending played significant roles in shaping historical inequality dynamics in the UK. Directly removing entrepreneurial barriers or indirectly providing government grant support to the private sector such as through inclusive loan subsidies are effective means of reducing inequality and stimulating output growth.
Behavioral and multiomics analysis of 3D clinostat simulated microgravity effect in mice focusing on the central nervous system
Authors: Zhou Li , Song Chenchen , Yang Hu , Zhao Lianlian , Li Xianglei , Sun Xiuping , Gao Kai , Guo Jianguo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the three-dimensional clinostat simulated microgravity effect on mouse models, focusing on the central nervous system. Eighteen mice were divided into three groups: control, survival box, and clinostat + survival box. Behavioral tests, femur micro-CT, brain transcriptomics, serum metabolomics, and fecal microbiomics were performed. Results showed decreased activity, altered gait, enhanced fear memory, bone loss, immune/endocrine changes in brain transcriptome, and altered metabolic pathways in serum and gut microbiota in clinostat-treated mice. The model closely mimics spaceflight-induced transcriptome changes, suggesting its value in studying microgravity-related neurological alterations and highlighting the need for attention to emotional changes in space.
Dynamic mortality prediction in critically Ill children during interhospital transports to PICUs using explainable AI
Authors: Huo Zhiqiang , Booth John , Monks Thomas , Knight Philip , Watson Liam , Peters Mark , Pagel Christina , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Li Kezhi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Critically ill children who require inter-hospital transfers to paediatric intensive care units are sicker than other admissions and have higher mortality rates. Current transport practice primarily relies on early clinical assessments within the initial hours of transport. Real-time mortality risk during transport is lacking due to the absence of data-driven assessment tools. Addressing this gap, our research introduces the PROMPT (Patient-centred Real-time Outcome monitoring and Mortality PredicTion), an explainable end-to-end machine learning pipeline to forecast 30-day mortality risks. The PROMPT integrates continuous time-series vital signs and medical records with episode-specific transport data to provide real-time mortality prediction. The results demonstrated that with PROMPT, both the random forest and logistic regression models achieved the best performance with AUROC 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79–0.86) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76–0.85), respectively. The proposed model has demonstrated proof-of-principle in predicting mortality risk in transported children and providing individual-level model interpretability during inter-hospital transports.
Comparison of cable bacteria genera reveals details of their conduction machinery
Authors: Digel Leonid , Justesen Mads L , Madsen Nikoline S , Fransaert Nico , Wouters Koen , Bonné Robin , Plum-Jensen Lea E , Marshall Ian P G , Jensen Pia B , Nicolas-Asselineau Louison , Drace Taner , Bøggild Andreas , Hansen John L , Schramm Andreas , Bøjesen Espen D , Nielsen Lars Peter , Manca Jean V , Boesen Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cable bacteria are centimeter-long multicellular bacteria conducting electricity through periplasmic conductive fibers (PCFs). Using single-strain enrichments of the genera Electrothrix and Electronema we systematically investigate variations and similarities in morphology and electrical properties across both genera. Electrical conductivity of different PCFs spans three orders of magnitude warranting further investigations of the plasticity of their conduction machinery. Using electron microscopy and elemental analyses, we show that the two cable bacteria genera have similar cell envelopes and cell–cell junction ultrastructures. Iron, sulfur, and nickel signals are co-localized with the PCFs, indicating key functional roles of these elements. The PCFs are organized as stranded rope-like structures composed of multiple strands. Furthermore, we report lamellae-like structures formed at the cell–cell junctions with a core layer connecting to the PCFs, and intriguing vesicle-like inner membrane invaginations below the PCFs. Finally, using bioinformatic tools, we identify a cytochrome family with predicted structural homology to known multi-heme nanowire proteins from other electroactive microorganisms and suggest that these cytochromes can play a role in the extra- or intercellular electron conduction of cable bacteria.
Ätherische Öle und Aromatherapie – Grundlagen und Ergebnisse
Authors: Jobst Detmar 
Published: February 2025

SummaryDie Erfahrung zeigt, dass ätherische Öle das Wohlbefinden fördern und Selbstheilungskräfte stärken können. Die Verwendung ätherischer Öle erfordert Kenntnisse über ihre Biochemie und sichere Anwendung mit Trägersubstanzen. Forschungsergebnisse belegen die antimikrobielle Wirkung vieler ätherischer Öle gegen verschiedene Bakterien und Pilze. Trotz vielversprechender Ergebnisse stehen der Entwicklung von aromatischen Antibiotika Herausforderungen gegenüber wie die mangelnde Haltbarkeit und die therapeutische Breite zwischen Wirksamkeit und Unverträglichkeit.
Tourism and Quebec’s Cree Community of Waskaganish: Navigating the Past, Embracing the Present, and Shaping the Future
Authors: Blueboy Jonathan , Ibrahim Zainub 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The Cree community of Waskaganish is an Indigenous community on the James Bay in Northern Quebec. Waskaganish is in an early stage of tourism development and currently encounters a relatively limited number of visitors who participate in a variety of informal activities, including traditional cultural Cree activities such as fishing, hunting, and trapping. Current legislation restricts cultural practices such as fishing and hunting to members of the Cree Nation. However, locals informally involve visitors in these activities, which while illegal, is unenforced. A recent Cree Nation Governance Agreement was passed in 2017 enabling the Cree Nation Government to pass laws and regulations that supersede federal or provincial laws in designated category 1A lands. The Cree Nation now has the opportunity to consider modifying these regulations to allow for formal tourism opportunities which could benefit the local economy and protect and showcase the local culture and environment. This study explores the preparedness and potential for legal changes that support formalized tourism in Waskaganish and finds that tourism may be well-positioned to support the preservation of the local environment, culture, and identity while offering economic opportunities in Waskaganish and other neighboring Indigenous communities.

Information
© The Authors 2025
Photoacoustic detection of genetically encoded fluorophores for neuronal subtype identification
Authors: Lusk Joel , Marschall Ethan , Miranda Christopher , Aridi Christina , Smith Barbara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objective. Elucidating neurological processes in the mammalian brain requires improved methods for imaging and detecting neuronal subtypes. Transgenic mouse models utilizing Cre/lox recombination have been developed to selectively label neuronal subtypes with fluorophores, however, light-scattering attenuation of both excitation light and emission light limits their effective range of detection. Approach. To overcome these limitations, this study investigates the use of a near-infrared fluorophore, iRFP713, for subtype labeling of neurons found within brain regions that are typically inaccessible by optical methods. Towards this goal, a custom photoacoustic system is developed for detection of iRFP in neurons in brain slices, expressed via Cre/lox, and within in vitro cell culture. Results. In this study, a custom system is developed to detect iRFP in neuronal cells both in brain slices and in vitro. Furthermore, this work validates iRFP expression in the brains of transgenic mice and neuronal cell culture.
Dynamics of soliton excitations in inhomogeneous magnetic chains
Authors: Kamburova R S , Primatarowa M T , Chamati H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The interaction of nonlinear excitations with extended inhomogeneities in an on-site anisotropic Heisenberg spin chain is studied numerically. The inhomogeneous segment is modeled by the change in the anisotropy constant of a set of consecutive spins. The modified anisotropy leads to linear and nonlinear additional terms in the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation for the spin amplitude derived for classical spin vectors and wide excitations. For a homogeneous chain with easy axis anisotropy the NLS equation possesses a bright type soliton solution. When the modification of the anisotropy constant is negative the spin set acts as a complex linear and nonlinear potential with a dominant linear well character and for a given range of initial velocities of the incoming soliton and the mismatch anisotropy the scattering pattern exhibits periodically repeating regions of trapping and transmission as a function of the length of the inhomogeneity. It is shown that the runaway of the soliton is due to a resonance between the period of the shape oscillations of the soliton inside the inhomogeneity and the length of the latter.
Adsorption of ammonia and hydrazine on a metal oxide layer
Authors: Maslenska Rada , Ivanova Nikoleta 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Metal oxides, and specifically magnetite, are complex systems when embedded in molecular dynamic model systems. This allows to consider a number of phenomena such as adsorption of molecules on the surface. The initial coordinates of Fe3O4 in the {111} plane were generated with CrystalMaker. Ten molecules each of ammonia and hydrazine are placed near the surface of the metal oxide. Water molecules are added to the constructed systems so that overlapping of atoms was avoided. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations are performed with Clay force field with an imposed charge modification for the iron atoms. The NPT ensemble is used at a temperature of 298 K and a pressure of 1 bar and TIP3P water model, with a trajectory duration of 100 ns. The interaction of ammonia and hydrazine is considered and their initial molecular motion is shown. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) and radial distribution functions (RDF) of both molecules were calculated. Adsorption of some of the ammonia and hydrazine molecules is reported.
Investigation of Ti/TiN/AlTiCrN hard coating deposited by Close Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Chitanov Vasiliy , Zlatareva Ekaterina , Kolchev Stefan , Kolaklieva Lilyana , Kakanakov Roumen , Cholakova Tetiana , Pashinski Chavdar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A Ti/TiN/AlTiCrN hard coating was developed and deposited with Close Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering. Technological experiments were performed to optimize the ratio between the composed metals Al, Ti, and Cr, and the ratio metals/nitrogen. Nanoindentation measurements obtained nanohardnes of 32 GPa. A scratch test with a normal load up to 30 N indicated good adhesion to the substrate. A tribological test with a rotational drive (ball on plate) was made with a load of 3 N and a path length of 50 m. The measured coefficient of friction was 0.34. It should be noted that the reported results are obtained at temperatures as low as 270 °C, which determines the coating as universal. The obtained results are compatible with ones obtained on the same coating deposited by high-temperature and power techniques as Cathodic Arc Deposition and HIPIMS. The investigated coating is aimed to improve the performance of tools made of materials with different thermal stability.
A new through traction power supply system considering power quality improvement and multi-energy access
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Wang Guo , Min Yongzhi , Su Pengfei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The key to solving the power quality problem of the traditional traction power supply system was the through-connected traction power supply system. This study analyses the impact of the traditional through-connected traction power supply system on power quality and constructs a new through-connected traction power supply system that considers the improvement of power quality and multi-energy access. This is achieved by combining the multi-energy access scheme. A comparative analysis is conducted between the new system and the traditional through-connected traction power supply system in terms of four aspects: power quality, multi-energy access, economy and low-carbon, and stability and flexibility of the system. The results show that the advanced traction power supply device considering power quality improvement and multi-energy access has positive effects in facilitating new energy consumption, effective harmonic suppression, and cost optimization.
Networks as a Source of Competitive Career Advantage
Authors: Porter Caitlin M , Pearson Ashley H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although it is well established that professional networking is a precursor to career success, little guidance exists for how to support employees in developing their professional networks. As such, the purpose of this chapter is to provide insights into how to develop networks for a competitive career advantage. To that end, the chapter identifies three aspects of professional networks that are consistently associated with career success outcomes—that is, large, nonredundant networks; an inner circle of developers; and higher status contacts—and reviews research evidence describing how and why each aspect promotes career success. Then, the chapter draws from career management scholarship to provide a framework for training and development specialists to guide employees in developing their networks for a competitive career advantage. Finally, it discusses three lingering questions about networks as a source of a competitive career advantage.
Knowledge Networks in Organizations
Authors: Parker Andrew , Brennecke Julia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of the literature on knowledge networks in organizations. It highlights that there are different types of knowledge (i.e., tacit versus explicit knowledge) and details the challenges to the transfer of knowledge within organizations (i.e., the formal structure and the boundaries between knowledge domains). It also indicates different ways in which these challenges can be overcome. The chapter reviews the most relevant network theories and presents research findings regarding the antecedents and consequences of knowledge networks to help practitioners understand how and why they should attend to these networks in their organizations. The chapter concludes by specifying three areas of interest that scholars, as well as practitioners, should pay attention to in the future: (a) how virtual and hybrid work influence knowledge networks, (b) how new technology- and artificial intelligence–based search influence knowledge networks, and (c) how knowledge networks dynamically change over time.
How to Reveal, Develop, and Leverage Networks for Greater Impact
Authors: Pryor Greg , Cullen-Lester Kristin L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This book serves as a guide, offering a “beacon and blueprint” for practitioners who are revealing, developing, and leveraging organizational networks. As the beacon, it identifies desired outcomes, guiding one’s work and, as the blueprint, it offers a simple yet powerful path connecting network analysis insights to actions to develop and leverage networks. Together, creating the clarity social capital solutions need to maximize impact for an organization. This chapter offers guiding principles for revealing, developing, and leveraging networks. These principles surfaced as collective perspectives from the book’s contributors, clarifying what “must go right and can’t go wrong” for a project to succeed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how to further address the social capital imperative by pioneering the next frontier of network science application.