bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underutilization of nontuberculous mycobacterial drug susceptibility testing in Ontario, Canada, 2010–2015
Authors: Andrews Elizabeth R , Marchand-Austin Alex , Ma Jennifer , Cronin Kirby , Sharma Meenu , Brode Sarah K , Marras Theodore K , Jamieson Frances B 
Published: March 2020

Background: Drug susceptibility testing (DST) in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is useful for some Mycobacterium species. International guidelines recommend routine use of DST for clinically relevant mycobacteria. DST use and results are poorly studied at the population level. We sought to identify the frequency of DST utilization for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) and describe the potential relevance of these results in Ontario. Methods: Using public health laboratory data, we performed a population-based retrospective analysis of NTM DST utilization in Ontario from May 2010 to June 2015. We determined the proportion of incident NTM-PD infections for which DST was performed and analyzed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions from NTM testing overall, using thresholds recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: The proportion of incident cases of NTM-PD tested for DST was 6.3% (240/3,806) for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), 36.2% (67/185) for M. abscessus, and 1.8% (19/1,057) for M. xenopi. Among specimens from all body sites, MAC resistance to clarithromycin occurred in 8.0% of specimens (21/262) and MAC resistance to amikacin (intravenous, MIC > 64 µg/mL) occurred in 22.6% (19/84). M. abscessus resistance occurred as follows: to amikacin, 3.8% (3/79); cefoxitin, 14.0% (11/79); imipenem, 30.4% (14/46); linezolid, 39.2% (31/79); clarithromycin, 54.2% (13/24); ciprofloxacin, 92.4% (73/79); and moxifloxacin, 91.1% (51/56). M. xenopi analysis was limited by few DST requests and a lack of DST clinical correlation. Conclusions: We found that NTM DST is underutilized in Ontario and observed a very high frequency of amikacin resistance among MAC isolates.
Exit to the past and voice for the future. Sciences de gestion, sciences fondamentales de l’action collective
Authors: Hatchuel Armand 
Published: March 2020

Cet article1résume les résultats d’une refondation des sciences de gestion. Il part de la théorie de la « bene gesta » romaine qui reliait l’action rationnelle et la responsabilité citoyenne. Impensable dans la modernité « économiciste », cette notion revient avec la théorie administrative de Henry Fayol et de l’entreprise moderne. Pourtant, la théorie du management oublie Fayol et se réduit à la quête de performances dans l’entreprise actionnariale. Aujourd’hui, relier rationalité et responsabilité débouche sur une science de l’action collective qui a contribué à la théorie de la conception et à la redéfinition de « l’entreprise » dans la loi française.
Comprendre les effets indésirables de la mesure de la performance
Authors: Ragaigne Aurélien , Gond Gautier 
Published: March 2020

Comment la recherche en management explique-t-elle l’existence des effets indésirables de la mesure de la performance ? Telle est la question à laquelle cet article souhaite d’apporter des éléments de réponse. Les auteurs se proposent d’étudier la recherche en management publiée sur le scandale des comptes non autorisés de la banque américaine Wells Fargo révélé en septembre 2016. Ils montrent tout d’abord l’impasse de la recherche en management pour comprendre ces effets et engagent une réflexion sur les motifs de cette insuffisance en considérant les logiques de structure de la recherche en management.
Refugee studies in Austria today
Authors: Schiocchet Leonardo , Bauer-Amin Sabine , Six-Hohenbalken Maria , Gingrich Andre 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article sets out to highlight present-day anthropological contributions to the field of forced migration and to the current debates on this topic in Europe through the experience of developing an international and interdisciplinary network for the study of refugees based in Vienna, Austria. To this end, this article engages with the grounding facts of the present Central European sociohistorical context and global political trends, grapples with shifting and questionable research funding landscapes such as the focus on “integration,” illustrates some of the main current research challenges, and highlights pressing topics. It concludes proposing a research horizon to counter present strong limitations on forced migration research and steer this research toward a more meaningful direction.
Getting by or getting ahead
Authors: Vincent Susan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPeru's economy is booming because of natural resource extraction, without providing formal employment. Instead, increased state revenues fund social spending. This case study shows how cash transfers are integrated into intergenerational reciprocities that are essential to social reproduction in ways that promote financialization: their inadequacy may necessitate loans which the regular disbursements can repay. Recipients hoping to get by tend to have few kin obligations and use state aid to sustain themselves, while those hoping to get ahead use them to leverage investment in productive enterprises for themselves or their families. For people from Allpachico, for whom male migrant work in the regional mining sector was the economic mainstay three decades ago, this constitutes a new relationship to the state, mining, and the economy.
Health care transition in pediatric neurosurgery: a consensus statement from the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons
Authors: Rocque Brandon G. , Weprin Bradley E. , Blount Jeffrey P. , Hopson Betsy D. , Drake James M. , Hamilton Mark G. , Williams Michael A. , White Patience H. , Orrico Katie O. , Martin Jonathan E. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVEThe number of children with complex medical conditions surviving to adulthood is increasing. A planned transition to adult care systems is essential to the health maintenance of these patients. Guidance has been established for the general health care transition (HCT) from adolescence to adulthood. No formal assessment of the performance of pediatric neurosurgeons in HCT has been previously performed. No “best practice” for this process in pediatric neurosurgery currently exists. The authors pursued two goals in this paper: 1) define the current state of HCT in pediatric neurosurgery through a survey of the membership of the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons (ASPN) on current methods of HCT, and 2) develop leadership-endorsed best-practice guidelines for HCT from pediatric to adult neurosurgical health care.METHODSCompletion of the Current Assessment of Health Care Transition Activities survey was requested of 178 North American pediatric neurosurgeons by using a web-based questionnaire to capture HCT practices of the ASPN membership. The authors concurrently conducted a PubMed/MEDLINE–based literature review of HCT for young adults with special health care needs, surgical conditions, and/or neurological conditions for the period from 1990 to 2018. Selected articles were assembled and reviewed by subject matter experts and members of the ASPN Quality, Safety, and Advocacy Committee. Best-practice recommendations were developed and subjected to peer review by external expert groups.RESULTSSeventy-six responses to the survey (43%) were received, and 62 respondents (82%) answered all 12 questions. Scores of 1 (lowest possible score) were recorded by nearly 60% of respondents on transition policy, by almost 70% on transition tracking, by 85% on transition readiness, by at least 40% on transition planning as well as transfer of care, and by 53% on transition completion. Average responses on all core elements were < 2 on the established 4-point scale. Seven best-practice recommendations were developed and endorsed by the ASPN leadership.CONCLUSIONSThe majority of pediatric neurosurgeons have transition practices that are poor, do not meet the needs of patients and families, and should be improved. A structured approach to transition, local engagement with adult neurosurgical providers, and national partnerships between pediatric and adult neurosurgery organizations are suggested to address current gaps in HCT for patients served by pediatric neurosurgeons.
Confidence in Financial and Health Literacy and Cognitive Health in Older Persons
Authors: Yu Lei , Mottola Gary , Bennett David A. , Boyle Patricia A. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Financial and health literacy are associated with cognitive outcomes in old age. However, the extent to which confidence in financial and health literacy is related to cognitive health is unknown. Objective: This study tests the hypothesis that confidence is associated with cognitive outcomes above and beyond actual financial and health literacy. Methods: A total of 974 older adults underwent assessments of literacy and confidence in literacy, and were subsequently followed for annual clinical evaluations. Financial and health literacy were assessed via a series of items which were immediately followed by questions asking participants to rate their confidence in accuracy of their response to the literacy items. Cox proportional hazards models examined the associations of financial and health literacy and confidence in literacy with incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia; and linear mixed models examined the associations with cognitive decline. Results: Participants on average were 81.2 years of age at literacy assessment. Over up to 9 years of annual follow-up, 175 (18%) developed AD dementia. After adjusting for demographics, higher confidence in financial literacy was associated with lower risk of AD dementia and slower decline in cognition. The results persisted after further adjusting for financial literacy performance. Similar findings were observed for confidence in health literacy. Further, older adults who expressed under-confidence relative to their actual level of financial and health literacy were more likely to develop AD dementia and experienced faster cognitive decline. Conclusion: Both domain-specific literacy and confidence in one’s financial and health knowledge are important determinants of cognitive health among community-dwelling older adults.
Transcendentalism, Network Concepts and American Poetry
Authors: Shcherbak N. F. , Gerus A. I. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The paper aims at describing the philosophy of transcendentalism as viewed by 19th century American philosopher Ralph Emerson, one of its founders and, above all, the direct application of this framework to the contemporary view of network concepts introduced as a state-of the art paradigm of cultural and social development, often viewed as directly applicable to the study of social processes as well as literary texts.Methodology and sources. The chosen methodology includes the structural semantic study of Emerson’s texts and the analysis of the view of contemporary philosophers of the language and literary critics on the network concept as a basis for state of the art social schemes and internet-communication principles, as well as literary texts analysis.Results and discussion. The results of the research allow to hypothesize that the philosophy of transcendentalism which attempted to give a full-fledged representation of a harmonious and dynamic cosmic principle, seeing ways of moral purification and comprehension of the super-soul has similar principles with the works by outstanding poststructuralist or postmodern philosophers (like G. Deleuze) and is directly applicable to the study of contemporary literary texts if not social processes. These concepts allow to see the development of aesthetic paradigm (a vivid example being the development of the transcendental motive in poetry). One of the possible examples could be seen in the development of poetic paradigm with а) early romantic poetry concentrating on the poet’s emotions, thus rendering the transcendental, with b) modernist writing which used language as a medium, when a poem became a means of expressing the transcendental, with c) poetry combining political views and the transcendental experience, with d) post-colonial poetry, with the transcendental being transferred from the sphere of “eternal” to the sphere of “everyday”. Conclusion. American transcendentalism allows to see common patterns of development and innovation of cultural, literary, philosophical scene, characteristic of the contemporary aesthetic paradigm.
Pengenalan Permainan Sains Bagi Siswa SDK Tes Kecamatan Bikomi Utara,Timor Tengah Utara
Authors: Sila Vinsensia Ulia Rita , Manlea Hermina , Kolo Sefrinus M. D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstrak
Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan, menimbulkan kesukaan, dan ketertarikan siswa terhadap pelajaran sains, mengenalkan beberapa macam alat sederhana dan penggunaannya, mengetahui dan melaksanakan praktikum fisika, kimia dan biologi sederhana yang bisa dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan alat dan bahan yang tersedia di SDK Tes.
Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di SDK Tes pada hari Rabu tanggal 16 Agustus 2017. Materi pengabdian berupa materi permainan sains, antara lain perbedaan tekanan udara, uangku terbakar uangku utuh, mengapung atau tidak mengapung, membuat magnet sederhana, memahami prinsip kayu (dayung), posisi air pada gelas besar terbalik, cangkang telur jauh lebih kuat dari yang terlihat, telur ajaib, kekuatan air, pembiasan cahaya, udara dan pembakaran, tes kerapatan.
Pelaksanaan demonstrasi tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan interaksi yang baik antara siswa dengan guru. Siswa tidak malu untuk bertanya dengan guru. Hal ini memudahkan siswa memecahkan masalah yang dihadapinya. Selain itu, guru tidak menggerutu atau memarahi siswa yang mengalami kegagalan dalam melakukan percobaan atau demonstrasi. Para siswa SDK Tes sangat antusias, aktif, interaktif dan tidak kaku dalam belajar IPA. Para guru SDK Tes mengenal praktikum sains (Fisika, Kimia dan Biologi) sederhana yang bisa dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan alat dan bahan yang tersedia di lingkungan sekitar.
Workshop Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Sampah dan Barang Bekas Bagi Guru MIN TTU
Authors: Disnawati Hermina , Haning Farly Oktriany 
Published: March 2020

Permasalahan pokok di Madrasah Ibtidayah Negeri (MIN) TTU-Kefamenanu yang menjadi mitra pengabdian ini adalah: (i) belum tersedianya alat peraga matematika di sekolah mitra; (ii) belum pernah diselenggarakan kegiatan workshop tentang penggunaan alat peraga matematika di sekolah mitra. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian ini adalah ceramah, demonstrasi, praktek langsung, diskusi dan penugasan. Adapun alat peraga yang digunakan antara lain: Mistar Bilangan, Kartu Positif Negatif, Puzzle FPB dan KPK, Magic Square, Perkalian Kanada, Congklak Penjumlahan, Tabel Cayley, Ular Tangga Aljabar, Menara Hanoi dan Tangram. Alat peraga matematika ini terbuat dari sampah dan barang bekas. Pelaksanaan pengabdian selama 3 hari dengan rincian satu hari workshop dengan peserta para guru dan dua hari praktek penggunaan alat peraga dengan peserta siswa kelas IV, V dan VI. Hasil evaluasi pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa i) 33,33% peserta sangat setuju dan 66,67% peserta workshop setuju bahwa materi workshop terorganisasi dengan baik dan alat peraga yang digunakan sesuai dengan materi pembelajaran di sekolah dasar, alat peraga menarik dan membantu siswa dalam belajar sambil bermain; ii) 80% peserta setuju dan 20% sangat setuju bahwa panduan praktik penggunaan alat peraga dengan LKS yang disediakan dapat dimengerti dengan baik.
PENGEMBANGAN DIRI GURU-GURU MATEMATIKA SE-KABUPATEN TTU MELALUI KEGIATAN BIMTEK PENULISAN PROPOSAL DAN ARTIKEL ILMIAH
Authors: Mamoh Oktovianus , Bete Hendrika 
Published: March 2020

Abstrak
Tujuan pengabdian ini agar dapat membantu guru-guru matematika se-kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara dalam mengembangkan diri melalui kegiatan Bimbingan Teknis (BIMTEK) Penulisan Proposal dan Artikel Ilmiah terutama Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Sesuai tuntutan profesionalisme guru, maka PTK merupakan suatu kewajiban sehingga mutu pembelajaran pada kelas dan sekolah dapat terangkat serta masalah- masalah yang terdapat dalam pembelajaran dapat teratasi. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di SDN Sasi pada 14-16 Agustus 2018. Jumlah peserta yang hadir sebanyak 40 orang dengan pesertanya adalah guru – guru SD, guru-guru sekolah SMP bahkan ada guru TK. Kegiatan BIMTEK ini diawali dengan pemberian materi konsep umum PTK dan dilanjutkan dengan penulisan proposal PTK serta pendampingan penulisan proposal PTK. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan teknik penulisan laporan PTK dan teknik penulisan artikel ilmiah. Pada sesi tanya jawab umpan balik, banyak peserta yang memberikan respon dan mengakui kesempatan kali ini banyak hal teknis penulisan ilmiah yang cukup mendalam dan tajam yang kami dapatkan dibandingkan dengan kegiatan-kegiatan terdahulu yang pernah kami ikuti. Kami berharap dan usahakan agar konsep rancangan penelitian yang telah dikonsepkan akan berlanjut hingga menjadi artikel ilmiah.
Water-Assisted Production of Polypropylene/Boehmite Composites
Authors: Lendvai László 
Published: March 2020

In this study polypropylene (PP) matrix-based boehmite alumina (BA) reinforced composites were prepared batchwise in an internal mixer. BA particles up to 10 wt.% were incorporated by 1. traditional melt mixing and 2. in a novel, Water-Assisted (WA) way, called fast evaporation mixing, during which BA was dispersed in PP with the use of an aqueous carrier medium. The WA way with pure water as medium proved to be ineffective because of the presence of the Leidenfrost effect. Therefore, an additional agent, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used to increase the boiling temperature of the water. Mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of the composites were determined. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed a partially dispersed structure of BA within the PP matrix in all cases, where aggregates and dispersed particles were identified as well. The size of the agglomerates observed was the smallest when BA was incorporated by being dispersed in water/CMC firstly. The mechanical tests results indicated that the reinforcing effect of BA was also most prominent in this case. However, CMC had an opposite effect on PP, than BA thus reducing the overall enhancement in mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry showed an increase in the crystallinity ratio of PP with increasing BA content, which indicates a nucleating effect of BA.
WALL MAGAZINE AS MEDIA IN GRASPING PUPILS’ READING INTEREST AT PRIMARY LEVEL
Authors: Astuty Diah , Fathurrahman Fathurrahman 
Published: March 2020

The paper aims to describe the literacy movement initiated by Indonesian Government. Since there is disproportional distribution of literacy exposures between the pupils who are living in urban areas and the pupils who are living in rural areas, it needs important roles of teachers and school managements mainly for those at rural areas in developing and improving reading habits for their pupils. The wall magazines can be used as affordable media in grasping pupils’ reading interest at primary level. The appropriate procedures in using wall magazines at primary schools can support divergent purposes to make the pupils get interested in reading. The use of wall magazines is also intended to create reading environment for the pupils in order to learn and apply the literacy movement program at early level. The appropriate use of strategies in using wall magazine is planned to train the pupils learning how to read and think critically about the textual materials that are provided by using attractive and appropriate visual mode. The study would be conducted as case-study in describing the procedures and the use of wall magazine at SDN Pamolokan 3 at Sumenep as a part of Literacy Movement program at school (which known as Gerakan Literasi Sekolah or GLS). The data of this study would be qualitative data in the forms of questionnaires results and interviews.
La educación tecnocientífica en América Latina
Authors: Vargas Emgelberth 
Published: March 2020

En América Latina y el Caribe el siglo XXI se configura como la era donde las innovaciones tecnológicas arropan todos los ámbitos en los que se desarrolla la sociedad, tales como la filosofía, política, ciencias sociales, ciencias básicas entre otros. Al respecto, la educación tecnocientífica (ETCS), es conocida como el conjunto de disciplinas que interactúan para estudiar los aspectos sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología con relación al ámbito educativo en pro de la sociedad. En este sentido, existen organizaciones que promueven una educación para todos como un derecho, tal como lo establece la UNESCO, sin embargo, la educación tecnocientífica ha abierto el debate pedagógico al inferir que la desigualdad de las clases sociales se corresponde a una precondición para su accesibilidad. Esto significaque, las clases sociales pudieran determinar el éxito de que una sociedad aplique o no una cultura tecnológica. No obstante, es asunto de los entes gubernamentales que dirigen un país hacer cumplir políticas que puedan garantizar a sus ciudadanos una educación con calidad, equidad social y el respeto a los derechos humanos haciendo uso de perspectivas, modelos y teorías educativas que propongana la educación tecnocientífica como una adquisición de saberes interdisciplinares y de fácil acceso.
APLIKASI PENGENALAN GAMBAR MENGGUNAKAN MICROSOFT VISUAL BASIC 6.0
Authors: Hasrani Prihastuti , Noviandi Kiki 
Published: March 2020

Suatu citra mengandung beberapa pesan yang sangat sulit sekali untuk diterjemahkan. Salah satu kesulitan yang dihadapi dalam pengelohan citra ini adalah banyaknya kombinasi warna yang mencapai 16 juta kombinasi. Sehingga salah satu cara yang mungkin ditempuh adalah dengan membawa kebentuk dua warna yaitu hitam dan putih dimana warna ini akan lebih mudah di transformasikan ke bentuk lain.Metode yang digunakan untuk menyelesainan masalah dalam aplikasi pengenal gambar adalah dengan metode pencarian Heuristic. Dalam prosesnya metode Heuristic ini melakukan pelacakan gambar, representasi ulang gambar dan pembelajaran terhadap proses yang telah dilakukan serta menarik sebuah kesimpulan dengan berbekal pengetahuan yang didapatkannya. Beberapa proses yang dilakukan dalam aplikasi ini adalah proses deteksi tepi, proses representasi dan Pengenalan gambar. Proses-proses ini semua saling saling terkait guna menghasilkan efisiensi dan kecepatan akses bagi aplikasi dalam menentukan sebuah keputusan. Kata kunci : Citra, Gambar, Heuristik
PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN TEXTILE DAN GARMENT YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI)
Authors: Atmojo Purwo , Susilowati Dwi 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Equtiy (ROE), dan Net Profit Margin (NPM) terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Textile dan Garment yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Populasi yang digunakan adalah 17 perusahaan Textile dan Garment periode 2012-2016. Sampelnya adalah 5 perusahaan Textile dan Garment dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Besarnya koefisien korelasi secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang sangat kuat antara debt to equity ratio, return on equtiy, dan net profit margin terhadap nilai perusahaan. Berdasarkan uji F bahwa debt to equity ratio, return on equity dan net profit margin secara simultan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan Textile dan Garment yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Berdasarkan uji t bahwa debt to equity ratio, return on equtiy, dan net profit margin terhadap nilai perusahaan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis (Uji t) secara parsial return on equity berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan dan debt to equity ratio dan net profit margin berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan Textile dan Garment.