bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsoil classification and geotechnical zonation for Guadalajara City, México: Vs30, soil fundamental periods, 3D structure and profiles
Authors: Ramírez Gaytan Alejandro , Flores Estrella Hortencia , Preciado Adolfo , Bandy William L. , Lazcano Salvador , Alcántara Nolasco Leonardo , Aguirre González Jorge , Korn Michael 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTGuadalajara, Jalisco, is the second largest city in Mexico with around 4.5 million inhabitants. A high seismic hazard exists in the city due to forces produced by the interaction between the Rivera, Cocos and North American plates and the smaller Jalisco Block. Guadalajara is one of the largest cities built over pumice soil deposits. Furthermore, the near‐surface phreatic level causes a high susceptibility to liquefaction. All these features can cause extreme earthquake site effects. Due to the fragile inner structure of pumice sands, traditional geotechnical tests are inappropriate to characterize the seismic response. Therefore, we propose the use of surface wave analysis methods (multichannel analysis of surface waves and refraction microtremor), which we applied in 33 sites to define the soil classification in terms of VS30 (the average shear wave velocity between the surface and 30 m depth), the bedrock depth and the fundamental period. From the soil classification, we construct a microzonation map consisting of four geotechnical zones, which we superimpose on the known construction systems within the city. The comparison between the construction period of the buildings and the fundamental frequencies of the soil indicates a high vulnerability to resonance in 1‐ to 4‐storied old buildings constructed of adobe and unreinforced masonry within zones II and III, followed by a medium vulnerability to seismic resonance in compact buildings of 1–4 stories within zone I and 1–12 stories within zones II and IV.
PolyMPC: An efficient and extensible tool for real‐time nonlinear model predictive tracking and path following for fast mechatronic systems
Authors: Listov Petr , Jones Colin 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper presents PolyMPC, an open‐source C++ library for pseudospectral‐based real‐time predictive control of nonlinear systems. It provides a necessary background on the computational aspects of the pseudospectral approximation of optimal control problems and explains how various model predictive control and parameter estimation algorithms can be implemented using the software. We discuss the key algorithmic modules and architectural features of the PolyMPC library. The workflow of a path following controller design for a highly nonlinear mechatronic system is demonstrated in a tutorial example. Another example illustrates how the core functionality might be used to approximate and solve a custom optimal control problem.
Redox polymers incorporating pendant 6‐oxoverdazyl and nitronyl nitroxide radicals
Authors: Anghel Michael , Magnan François , Catingan Sara D. , McCready Matthew A. , Aawani Elaheh , Wong Victor , Singh Deepa , Fanchini Giovanni , Gilroy Joe B. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTPolymers comprised of redox‐active organic radicals have emerged as promising materials for use in a variety of organic electronics, including fast‐charging batteries. Despite these advances, relatively little attention has been focused on the diversification of the families of radicals that are commonly incorporated into polymer frameworks, with most radical polymers being comprised of nitroxide radicals. Here, we report two new examples prepared via ring‐opening methathesis polymerization containing 6‐oxoverdazyl and nitronyl nitroxide radicals appended to their backbones. The polymerization reaction and optoelectronic properties were explored in detail, revealing high radical content and redox activity that may be advantageous for their use as semiconducting thin films. Initial studies revealed that current–voltage curves obtained from thin films of the title polymers exhibited memory effects making them excellent candidates for use in resistive memory applications. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 309–319
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry at low flow rates: Importance of ion source housing
Authors: Strmeň Timotej , Vrkoslav Vladimír , Bosáková Zuzana , Cvačka Josef 
Published: January 2020

RationaleHyphenation of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry with capillary and micro high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is attractive for many applications, but reliable ion sources dedicated to these conditions are still missing. There are a number of aspects to consider when designing such an ion source, including the susceptibility of the ionization processes to ambient conditions. Here we discuss the importance of ion source housing for APCI at low flow rates.MethodsSelected compounds dissolved in various solvents were used to study ionization reactions at 10 μL/min flow rate. APCI spectra were generated using the Ion Max‐S source (Thermo Fisher Scientific) operated with or without the ion source housing.ResultsThe APCI spectra of most compounds measured in the open and enclosed ion sources were markedly different. The differences were explained by water and oxygen molecules that entered the plasma region of the open ion source. Water tended to suppress charge transfer processes while oxygen diminished electron capture reactions and prevented the formation of acetonitrile‐related radical cations useful for localizing double bonds in lipids. The effects associated with the ion source housing were significantly less important for compounds that are easy to protonate or deprotonate.ConclusionsThe use of ion source housing prevented alternative ionization channels leading to unwanted or unexpected ions. Compared with the conventional flow rate mode (1 mL/min), the effects of ambient air components were significantly higher at 10 μL/min, emphasizing the need for ion source housing in APCI sources dedicated to low flow rates.
Wind effects on soil thermal properties measured by the dual‐probe heat pulse method
Authors: Sang Yujie , Liu Gang , Horton Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhen a dual‐probe heat pulse (DPHP) sensor is installed in soil near the soil–atmosphere interface, the basic assumptions of the infinite line heat source (ILS) model and its improvement, the infinite line heat source model with an adiabatic boundary condition (ILS‐ABC) might not be satisfied because of wind. This study aims to explore the effects of wind on DPHP measurements and to compare the performance of the ILS and ILS‐ABC models at different values of wind velocity (υ) and burial depth (d). Our study shows that the results of laboratory experiments, COMSOL simulations, and field experiments are consistent with each other. For dry sand with d ≤ 4 mm, the effects of wind is non‐negligible at υ ≥ 3.5 m s−1 and the DPHP method does not provide accurate estimations whether the ILS model or the ILS‐ABC model is used. Field experiments are prone to large background temperature fluctuations, which can cause a commonly used linear detrending method to perform poorly. In general, at υ < 2.7 m s−1 in field and d = 5 mm, the ILS‐ABC model provides more accurate estimations with relative errors of <15% in thermal conductivity and relative errors of <9% in heat capacity.
Crowdsourcing as a mode of open innovation: Exploring drivers of success of a multisided platform through system dynamics modelling
Authors: Vignieri Vincenzo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article aims to explore drivers of success of a crowdsourcing platform. The study conceptualizes crowdsourcing as a mode of open innovation and places such a concept within the context of the sharing economy. Upon this framework, the paper analyses the case of InnoCentive, a successful crowdsourcing platform where innovation‐driven organizations search for solutions to their R&D tasks. The system dynamics model frames main InnoCentive business processes and offers a causal perspective on the relationships between platform performance—in terms of users base—and resources structure. The discussion on simulation outputs is carried out through a dynamic performance management view of performance, so as to highlight which factors are crucial to lead crowdsourcing platform to be effective in supporting seekers organization to innovate in an open way, as well as to understand how platform managers may improve such a problem‐solving process.
Einfluss der Dämpfungsmodellierung auf die Beschleunigungsantwort eines erdbebenerregten Stahlrahmens
Authors: Gremer Nadia , Adam Christoph , Moschen Lukas , Medina Ricardo A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIm Rahmen einer Fallstudie befasst sich dieser Aufsatz mit der Auswirkung unterschiedlicher Dämpfungsansätze auf die berechnete Beschleunigungsantwort eines ebenen, regelmäßigen elastischen Stahlrahmens unter Erdbebenanregung. Es wird dabei nicht nur, so wie im Erdbebeningenieurwesen üblich, die Vergrößerung der horizontalen Bodenbeschleunigung betrachtet, sondern zusätzlich auch die Vergrößerung der vertikalen Bodenbeschleunigung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei der Verwendung von Rayleigh‐Dämpfung gemäß der ingenieurmäßigen und wissenschaftlichen Praxis die vertikale Bodenbeschleunigung rechnerisch nur sehr wenig vergrößert wird, da die vertikalen Moden zu stark gedämpft werden. Das erklärt die bisherige Annahme, dass die Vergrößerung der vertikalen Beschleunigung vernachlässigbar ist. Im Gegensatz dazu wird mit Rayleigh‐Dämpfung auf Grundlage der effektiven vertikalen Massenpartizipation sowohl die horizontale als auch die vertikale Tragwerksbeschleunigung überschätzt. Die Implementierung der inhärenten Dämpfung im Rechenmodell in Form von modaler Dämpfung führt hingegen zu einer realistischen rechnerischen Vorhersage der Beschleunigungsantwort in beiden Richtungen.
Uber – Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco
Authors: Oppe Matthias , Grün Stefanie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDerzeit entsteht in San Francisco (USA) der neue Hauptfirmensitz des Fahrdienstes Uber. Zentraler Bestandteil des Entwurfs sind zwei kubische, durch Brückenkonstruktionen miteinander verbundene, sechs‐ bzw. elfgeschossige Baukörper mit transparenter Gebäudehülle. Das Tragsystem der ca. 6 000 m2 großen Hauptfassade, die nicht als thermische Hülle dient, besteht aus Stahlträgern, die als Unterkonstruktion für Aluminiumelemente und Öffnungsflügel fungieren.Die große Herausforderung bei der Entwicklung und Planung der Außenhüllen bestand darin, anspruchsvolle Fassadensysteme mit hohen architektonischen Anforderungen sowie einer maximalen Transparenz auszulegen. Ebenso mussten bei der Entwicklung der Fassadenkonstruktion die aufgrund der geografischen Lage hohen seismischen Beanspruchungen und die daraus resultierenden Verformungen bzw. Kräfte berücksichtigt werden.
Herleitung des Überfestigkeitsbeiwerts auf Basis statistischer Kennwerte europäischer Baustähle
Authors: Gündel Max 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBei der dissipativen Bemessung von Stahlbauten gegen Erdbebenlasten sind Kapazitätsregeln zu beachten, die eine Kontrolle des plastischen Mechanismus sicherstellen sollen. Hierfür müssen nicht dissipative Bauteile eine Überfestigkeit gegenüber den dissipativen Bereichen besitzen. Streuungen der Streckgrenze von Baustahl werden in DIN EN 1998‐1 durch den Überfestigkeitsbeiwert γov mit einem empfohlenen Wert von 1,25 erfasst. Aktuelle Messdaten zeigen allerdings, dass die tatsächliche Streckgrenze von Baustahl, gerade bei Stahlsorten mit einer niedrigen Nennfestigkeit, häufig wesentlich höher ist. In diesem Beitrag werden neue Messdaten zur Streckgrenze von Stahlsorten aus Europa ausgewertet und mit statistischen Kennwerten aus der Literatur verglichen. Auf Basis eines neuen probabilistischen Modells für die Streckgrenze wird schließlich ein stahlsortenabhängiger Überfestigkeitsbeiwert hergeleitet, der Einzug in den neuen deutschen Nationalen Anhang DIN EN 1998‐1/NA:2018 gehalten hat.
Das Vereinheitlichte Vorschriftenwerk für den Stahlbau in der DDR
Authors: Graße Wolfgang , Lutteroth Ascan , Riedeburg Klaus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein kurzer Überblick über die Entstehung, die Prinzipien und den Aufbau des Vereinheitlichten Vorschriftenwerks für den Stahlbau in der DDR gegeben. Wichtige inhaltliche Neuerungen, vor allem hinsichtlich des rationellen Stahleinsatzes, werden dargestellt.
Characterization of Prata Banana (Musa AAB‐Prata) Starch: Native and Modified by Annealing
Authors: Almeida Maria Climene Bezerra de Medeiros , Costa Sabrina dos Santos , Cavalcanti Mônica Tejo , Almeida Eveline Lopes 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrata variety banana starch is little known and has great economic potential due to its extensive cultivation in developing countries. This study characterizes this native starch and modifies by annealing at different temperatures (45, 50, and 55 °C). The native starch presents a high apparent amylose content (46.67%), besides it showing granules of several sizes and shapes containing rounded ends, which remain unchanged with the annealing. The weaker crystals are seen to be strengthened by the treatments at 50 and 55 °C, since the gelatinization onset and peak temperature increase. It also is possible to verify that the molecular order of the double amylopectin helices (ΔH) remains unaltered, but the uniformity of the molecular structure (Tc − To) increases. Regarding the pasting properties, annealing contributes to improving the paste's stability to heat and shear, but contributes to decreasing the stability of cooled starch paste. In addition, annealing increases the paste clarity and the least gelation concentration. Native starch stands out by its high resistant starch content (34.71%), which can be increased to 74.5% through annealing at 55 °C.
Structural analysis and optimization of a tethered swept wing for airborne wind energy generation
Authors: Candade Ashwin A. , Ranneberg Maximilian , Schmehl Roland 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present an aero‐structural model of a tethered swept wing for airborne wind energy generation. The carbon composite wing has neither fuselage nor actuated aerodynamic control surfaces and is controlled entirely from the ground using three separate tethers. The computational model is efficient enough to be used for weight optimisation at the initial design stage. The main load‐bearing wing component is a nontypical “D”‐shaped wing‐box, which is represented as a slender carbon composite shell and further idealised as a stack of two‐dimensional cross section models arranged along an anisotropic one‐dimensional beam model. This reduced 2+1D finite element model is then combined with a nonlinear vortex step method that determines the aerodynamic load. A bridle model is utilised to calculate the individual forces as a function of the aerodynamic load in the bridle lines that connect the main tether to the wing. The entire computational model is used to explore the influence of the bride on the D‐box structure. Considering a reference D‐box design along with a reference aerodynamic load case, the structural response is analysed for typical bridle configurations. Subsequently, an optimisation of the internal geometry and laminate fibre orientations is carried out using the structural computation models, for a fixed aerodynamic and bridle configuration. Aiming at a minimal weight of the wing structure, we find that for the typical load case of the system, an overall weight savings of approximately 20% can be achieved compared with the initial reference design.
Analyzing the impact of organic certification on product and sustainable attributes on the importance of organic food certification in Thailand: Mediating role of perceived benefits of organic food
Authors: Mitprasat Maneerat , Horakul Pissanu , Umam Rofiqul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTime has come to cope with severe food shortage as well as quality which is resulting in the stunted growth of children and many other diseases. The answer to all these problems lies in organic food which is becoming increasingly common in developed countries as many brands are moving toward organic certification of their products as well as sustainable attributes. This study has aimed to analyze the importance of the role of organic certification of products as well as sustainable attributes in Thailand. Moreover, this study has also assessed the mediating role of perceived benefits of organic food in respective relationships. Around 301 residents of Thailand were included in data gathering and analysis of the study which was later run on SPSS and AMOS. Descriptive tests, CFA, and SEM were run for data screening, validity, and hypotheses testing, respectively. The results have shown that certification of product attributes has a significant impact on the importance of organic certification while sustainable attributes do not have a significant effect on the same. The mediating role of perceived benefits has been proved in both relationships. This study is novel because no previous study has analyzed the mediating role of perceived benefits in given relationships. This study has important implications for theory, management of restaurants, food sector and government of Thailand's.
Genetic analysis of wheat sensitivity to the ToxB fungal effector from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, the causal agent of tan spot
Authors: Corsi Beatrice , Percival-Alwyn Lawrence , Downie Rowena C. , Venturini Luca , Iagallo Elyce M. , Campos Mantello Camila , McCormick-Barnes Charlie , See Pao Theen , Oliver Richard P. , Moffat Caroline S. , Cockram James 
Published: January 2020

AbstractKey messageGenetic mapping of sensitivity to thePyrenophora tritici-repentiseffector ToxB allowed development of a diagnostic genetic marker, and investigation of wheat pedigrees allowed transmission of sensitive alleles to be tracked.AbstractTan spot, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogenPyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a major disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Secretion of theP. tritici-repentiseffector ToxB is thought to play a part in mediating infection, causing chlorosis of plant tissue. Here, genetic analysis using an association mapping panel (n = 480) and a multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population (nfounders = 8,nprogeny = 643) genotyped with a 90,000 feature single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array found ToxB sensitivity to be highly heritable (h2 ≥ 0.9), controlled predominantly by theTsc2locus on chromosome 2B. Genetic mapping ofTsc2delineated a 1921-kb interval containing 104 genes in the reference genome of ToxB-insensitive variety ‘Chinese Spring’. This allowed development of a co-dominant genetic marker forTsc2allelic state, diagnostic for ToxB sensitivity in the association mapping panel. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis in a panel of wheat varieties post-dated the association mapping panel further supported the diagnostic nature of the marker. Combining ToxB phenotype and genotypic data with wheat pedigree datasets allowed historic sources of ToxB sensitivity to be tracked, finding the variety ‘Maris Dove’ to likely be the historic source of sensitiveTsc2alleles in the wheat germplasm surveyed. Exploration of theTsc2region gene space in the ToxB-sensitive line ‘Synthetic W7984’ identified candidate genes for future investigation. Additionally, a minor ToxB sensitivity QTL was identified on chromosome 2A. The resources presented here will be of immediate use for marker-assisted selection for ToxB insensitivity and the development of germplasm with additional genetic recombination within theTsc2region.
Value dividends, the Harsanyi set and extensions, and the proportional Harsanyi solution
Authors: Besner Manfred 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new concept for TU-values, called value dividends, is introduced. Similar to Harsanyi dividends, value dividends are defined recursively and provide new characterizations of values from the Harsanyi set. In addition, we generalize the Harsanyi set where each of the TU-values from this set is defined by the distribution of the Harsanyi dividends via sharing function systems and give an axiomatic characterization. As a TU value from the generalized Harsanyi set, we present the proportional Harsanyi solution, a new proportional solution concept. A new characterization of the Shapley value is proposed as a side effect. None of our characterizations uses additivity.
Technische Entwicklungen und Möglichkeiten im Markscheidewesen
Authors: Tscharf Alexander 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDas unentwegte Aufkommen und die stetige Entwicklung neuer Vermessungssensorik, gepaart mit der digitalen Vernetzung des täglichen Lebens und nahezu aller modernen Produktionsprozesse, lässt naturgemäß auch das Tätigkeitsfeld der verantwortlichen Markscheider nicht unberührt.Obwohl anlässlich mehrerer Jubiläen erfahrener Forscher und Hochschullehrer verfasst, will der vorliegende Beitrag jedoch keine reumütige Rückschau halten, sondern vielmehr aktuelle Entwicklungen und daraus folgende Möglichkeiten präsentieren. In diesem Zusammenhang werden jedoch auch damit einhergehende Herausforderungen aufgezeigt sowie ein Blick in die Zukunft gewagt, von dem auch die gesetzlichen Aufgaben des verantwortlichen Markscheiders nicht ausgeschlossen werden sollen.
Micromachined Waveguide Interposer for the Characterization of Multi-port Sub-THz Devices
Authors: Gomez-Torrent Adrian , Oberhammer Joachim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper reports for the first time on a micromachined interposer platform for characterizing highly miniaturized multi-port sub-THz waveguide components. The reduced size of such devices does often not allow to connect them to conventional waveguide flanges. We demonstrate the micromachined interposer concept by characterizing a miniaturized, three-port, 220–330-GHz turnstile orthomode transducer. The interposer contains low-loss micromachined waveguides for routing the ports of the device under test to standard waveguide flanges and integrated micromachined matched loads for terminating the unused ports. In addition to the interposer, the measurement setup consists of a micromachined square-to-rectangular waveguide transition. These two devices enable the characterization of such a complex microwave component in four different configurations with a standard two-port measurement setup. In addition, the design of the interposer allows for independent characterization of its sub-components and, thus, for accurate de-embedding from the measured data, as demonstrated in this paper. The measurement setup can be custom-designed for each silicon micromachined device under test and co-fabricated in the same wafer due to the batch nature of this process. The solution presented here avoids the need of CNC-milled test-fixtures or waveguide pieces that deteriorate the performance of the device under test and reduce the measurement accuracy.