bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking early life risk factors to frailty in old age: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Yaxi , Xue Qian-Li , Odden Michelle C , Chen Xi , Wu Chenkai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
exposures in childhood and adolescence may impact the development of diseases and symptoms in late life. However, evidence from low- and middle-income countries is scarce. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the association of early life risk factors with frailty amongst older adults using a large, nationally representative cohort of community-dwelling Chinese sample.

Methods
we included 6,806 participants aged $\ge$60 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We measured 13 risk factors in childhood or adolescence through self-reports, encompassing six dimensions (education, family economic status, nutritional status, domestic violence, neighbourhood and health). We used multinomial regression models to examine the association between risk factors and frailty. We further calculated the absolute risk difference for the statistically significant factors.

Results
persons with higher personal and paternal education attainment, better childhood neighbourhood quality and better childhood health status had lower risk of being frail in old age. Severe starvation in childhood was associated with higher risk of prefrailty. The risk differences of being frail were 5.6% lower for persons with a high school or above education, 1.5% lower for those whose fathers were literate, 4.8% lower for the highest neighbourhood quality and 2.9% higher for worse childhood health status compared to their counterparts.

Conclusions
unfavorable socioeconomic status and worse health condition in childhood and adolescence may increase the risk of late-life frailty amongst Chinese older adults.
Predicting synthetic lethal interactions using heterogeneous data sources
Authors: Liany Herty , Jeyasekharan Anand , Rajan Vaibhav 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Motivation
A synthetic lethal (SL) interaction is a relationship between two functional entities where the loss of either one of the entities is viable but the loss of both entities is lethal to the cell. Such pairs can be used as drug targets in targeted anticancer therapies, and so, many methods have been developed to identify potential candidate SL pairs. However, these methods use only a subset of available data from multiple platforms, at genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic levels; and hence are limited in their ability to learn from complex associations in heterogeneous data sources.

Results
In this article, we develop techniques that can seamlessly integrate multiple heterogeneous data sources to predict SL interactions. Our approach obtains latent representations by collective matrix factorization-based techniques, which in turn are used for prediction through matrix completion. Our experiments, on a variety of biological datasets, illustrate the efficacy and versatility of our approach, that outperforms state-of-the-art methods for predicting SL interactions and can be used with heterogeneous data sources with minimal feature engineering.

Availability and implementation
Software available at https://github.com/lianyh.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Neoliberalism, the Far Right, and the Disparaging of “Social Justice Warriors”
Authors: Phelan Sean 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the cultural politics of a conjunctural moment where the terms of neoliberal hegemony have been destabilized and the far right has been reinvigorated. Instead of simply assuming the “end” of neoliberalism, I explore the potential ideological and communicative affinities between neoliberal political rationality and online media practices that exemplify the emboldening of racist, misogynistic, and authoritarian discourses. I ground the argument by examining how the notion of social justice has been articulated in two distinct contexts: in disparaging representations of “social justice warriors” that originally circulated in “alt-right” sub-cultures, but which have since been increasingly mainstreamed, and in the critique of social justice formulated by the neoliberal theorist Friedrich Hayek. After clarifying my core argument about neoliberalism and the far right, I end by reflecting on how the figure of the social justice warrior has also been a site of intra-left antagonisms.
Benefits of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Adults With Complex Active Crohn’s Disease: A Case Series of 13 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Liu Jianliang , Andrews Jane M , Sammour Tarik , Bryant Robert V , Grafton Rachel , Simpson Eliza , Putrus Emma , Nixon Claire 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Immunosuppressive therapy is routine for adults with complex active Crohn’s disease (CD), however carries risks, particularly in the setting of sepsis. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is widely used in paediatric CD, yet efficacy data in adults are sparse. This study evaluated outcomes of EEN in adults with complex active CD.

Methods
Between December 2016 and June 2018, 13 patients with complex active CD (range 20–74 years) managed at a single hospital received 2 or more weeks of EEN. Patients were offered EEN based on either malnutrition, contraindication to immunosuppression, or CD refractory to multiple therapies. Subjective and objective outcomes were recorded at 2 and 6 weeks and compared with baseline data.

Results
Nine of 13 patients experienced subjective improvement in wellbeing. Objective improvements included nine CRP decrements (median = 87.7 mg/L, IQR = 70.6 mg/L), nine serum albumin increments (median = 7 g/L, IQR = 4 g/L), and six gained weight (median = 3.6 kg, IQR = 3.0 kg). All five patients with complex abscess resolved without surgery. One ileocolic fistula and one enterocutaneous fistula achieved resolution without surgery. One of two perianal fistulae cases resolved without surgery. Seven of 10 patients initially thought to need surgery avoided it due to disease resolution. Only one of the three patients who proceeded to surgery sustained a post-operative complication. There were no EEN-associated complications.

Conclusions
In complex active CD, our real-world data show that EEN improves wellbeing, decreases inflammatory markers, leads to healthy weight gain, reduces need for surgical intervention, and reduces postoperative complications.
Preferences of Adult Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease for Attributes of Clinical Trials: Evidence From a Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis
Authors: Wood Dallas , Kosa Katherine , Brown Derek , Ehrlich Orna G , Higgins Peter D R , Heller Caren 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Clinical trial recruitment is the rate-limiting step in developing new treatments. To understand inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patient recruitment, we investigated two questions: Do changes in clinical trial attributes, like monetary compensation, influence recruitment rates, and does this influence differ across subgroups?

Methods
We answered these questions through a conjoint survey of 949 adult IBD patients.

Results
Recruitment rates are influenced by trial attributes: small but significant increases are predicted with lower placebo rates, reduced number of endoscopies, less time commitment, open label extension, and increased involvement of participant’s primary GI physician. A much stronger effect was found with increased monetary compensation. Latent class analysis indicated three patient subgroups: some patients quite willing to participate in IBD trials, some quite reluctant, and others who can be persuaded. The persuadable group is quite sensitive to monetary compensation, and payments up to US$2,000 for a 1-year study could significantly increase recruitment rates for IBD clinical trials.

Conclusions
This innovative study provides researchers with a framework for predicting recruitment rates for different IBD clinical trials.
Practical Aspects of Proactive TDM for Anti-TNF Agents in IBD: Defining Time Points and Thresholds to Target
Authors: Martins Camilla de Almeida , Moss Alan C , Sobrado Carlos Walter , Queiroz Natália Sousa Freitas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Serum biologic drug concentrations have been associated with favorable therapeutic outcomes in inflammatory bowel diseases, while low or undetectable drug levels have been linked to immunogenicity and treatment failure. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in the context of clinical relapse can guide decision making and is supported by professional groups. Proactive TDM consists of measurement of trough concentration with the goal of optimizing drug concentration in patients with clinical response/remission. Recent findings suggest that this approach can improve the efficacy of antitumor necrosis factor agents (anti-TNF). In this article, we summarize the rationale for proactive TDM for anti-TNF agents in practice, identify limitations in this evidence base, and provide practical advice for use in the clinic.
EACVI survey on standardization of cardiac chambers quantification by transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Ajmone Marsan Nina , Michalski Blazej , Cameli Matteo , Podlesnikar Tomaz , Manka Robert , Sitges Marta , Dweck Marc R , Haugaa Kristina H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate standard reporting of cardiac chambers size and function by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), the EACVI Scientific Initiatives Committee performed a survey across European centres. In particular, the routine use of three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and speckle tracking-derived myocardial deformation imaging (STE) was explored.

Methods and results
A total of 96 European Echocardiography Laboratories from 22 different countries responded to the survey, which consisted of 20 questions. For most of the standard parameters of cardiac chamber size and function, answers from the centres were homogeneous and demonstrated good adherence to current recommendations. In particular, all centres assessed left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) size combining diameter measurements with volumes obtained using the bi-plane Simpson’s method. More variability was observed in the measurements of the right heart chambers and thoracic aorta. Interestingly, &gt;90% of centres had access to 3DE and STE; however, the large majority of centres reserved the use of these techniques for selected cases, particularly for the measure of 3D LV volumes and ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain in patients being considered for cardiac device implantation, surgical intervention (valvular heart disease) or screened for cardiotoxicity. Only 10% of centres used 3DE for right ventricular and LA volumes. Also, &lt;30% of the centres used LA strain imaging.

Conclusion
In Europe, a good adherence to current recommendations was observed for most of the standard parameters of cardiac chambers quantification by TTE. Advanced echocardiography modalities, such as 3DE and STE, are widely available but used only in selected cases.
Risk stratifying asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the community: beyond left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Burocchi Simone , Gori Mauro , Cioffi Giovanni , Calabrese Alice , Canova Paolo , De Maria Renata , Grosu Aurelia , Fontana Alessandra , Iacovoni Attilio , Ferrari Paola , Volpe Massimo , De Biase Luciano , Parati Gianfranco , Gavazzi Antonello , Senni Michele 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
Midwall fractional shortening (MWFS) is a measure of left ventricular (LV) systolic function that is more reliable in case of concentric LV geometry compared to LV ejection fraction (LVEF). We hypothesized that MWFS might predict heart failure (HF) and death in a high-risk asymptomatic population, beyond other echocardiographic parameters.

Methods and results
Among 4047 subjects aged ≥55/≤80 years followed by 10 general practitioners in northern Italy, the DAVID-Berg study prospectively enrolled 623 asymptomatic outpatients at increased risk for HF. Baseline evaluation included clinical visit, electrocardiogram, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and echocardiogram. Mean age of the population was 69 ± 7 years, 56% were men, 88% had hypertension, mean LVEF was 61 ± 9%, and mean MWFS 16.2 ± 3.3. During a median follow-up of 5.7 years, 95 subjects experienced HF/death events. At Cox analysis, lower MWFS was the only echocardiographic parameter, among structural/functional ones, associated with higher risk of HF/death [hazard ratio (HR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.95, Padjusted &lt; 0.001]. The risk of HF/death related to clinical data and NT-proBNP (baseline model) was reclassified by echocardiography only when MWFS was included into the model (baseline C-statistics 0.761; adding conventional structural/functional echocardiographic data 0.776, P = 0.09; adding MWFS 0.791, P = 0.007). Compared to subjects with normal LVEF and MWFS, only subjects with combined systolic dysfunction (11% of the population) were at higher risk (P = 0.001 for both abnormal; P &gt; 0.24 for either LVEF or MWFS abnormal).

Conclusion
DAVID-Berg data suggest to include MWFS assessment in clinical practice, a simple and reliable echocardiographic parameter able to improve risk stratification in subjects at high risk for HF.
Outcomes and management of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Schiavone Marco , Calcagnino Margherita , Mazzanti Andrea , Bonanomi Carla 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited disease with an estimated prevalence of up to 1:5000 in the general population. Few cases of ARVC during pregnancy are described in literature.

Case summary
A 32-year-old primigravida was referred to our clinic during the 32nd gestational week. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy diagnosis with biventricular involvement was made according to Task Force criteria. Beta-blocker therapy was started and an elective caesarean section was planned, during the 37th gestational week; no complications occurred. Thirteen months after delivery, the patient was readmitted in our hospital due to an episode of pre-syncope and after team discussion, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) was implanted.

Discussion
This case suggests that the absence of signs and symptoms of heart failure (HF) at a first evaluation plays a major role to predict maternal and foetal outcome in ARVC. Our experience is consistent with the evidence that indicates a favourable outcome in asymptomatic patients treated with optimal medical therapy during pregnancy. In our case, despite no major HF or arrhythmic complications during pregnancy, delivery, and puerperium, we observed an arrhythmic disease progression more likely independent from pregnancy, leading to ICD implantation.
Impact of limited English proficiency on presentation and clinical outcomes of patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Biswas Sinjini , Dinh Diem , Lucas Mark , Duffy Stephen J , Brennan Angela , Liew Danny , Cox Nicholas , Smith Karen , Andrew Emily , Nehme Ziad , Reid Christopher M , Lefkovits Jeffrey , Stub Dion 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the association of limited English proficiency (LEP) with reperfusion times and outcomes in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods and results
This cohort study included 5385 patients who underwent PPCI in 2013–2017 and were prospectively enrolled in the Victorian Cardiac Outcomes Registry. Data linkage to government administrative datasets was performed to identify patients’ preferred spoken language, socioeconomic status, and ambulance utilization data. Patients who had a preferred spoken language other than English were defined as having LEP. Of the study cohort, 430 patients (8.0%) had LEP. They had longer mean symptom-to-door time (STDT) [164 (95% confidence interval, CI 149–181) vs. 136 (95% CI 132–140) min, P &lt; 0.001] but similar mean door-to-balloon time [79 (95% CI 72–87) vs. 76 (95% CI 74–78) min, P = 0.41]. They also had higher major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE; 13.5% vs. 9.9%; P = 0.02), severe left ventricular dysfunction (11.0% vs. 8.4%, P = 0.02), and heart failure (HF) hospitalizations within 30 days of PPCI (5.1% vs. 2.0%, P &lt; 0.001). On multivariable analysis, LEP did not independently predict 30-day MACCE [odds ratio (OR) 1.16, 95% CI 0.79–1.69; P = 0.45] but was an independent predictor of both prolonged STDT ≥ 120 min (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.02–1.52; P = 0.03) and 30-day HF hospitalizations (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.21–3.36; P = 0.008).

Conclusion
Patients with LEP undergoing PPCI present later and are more likely to have HF readmissions within 30 days of percutaneous coronary intervention, but with similar short-term MACCE. More effort to provide education in varied languages on early presentation in STEMI is required.
Follow-up outcomes after the frozen elephant trunk technique in chronic type B dissection
Authors: Charchyan Eduard , Breshenkov Denis , Belov Yuriy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to present our experience with a hybrid approach to the frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique for the treatment of patients with chronic type B aortic dissection.

METHODS
Between January 2013 and July 2019, 86 patients underwent the FET procedure at our centre. In 20 patients, the indication was chronic type B aortic dissection with a concomitant proximal aortic lesion. We evaluated the sites of proximal and distal entries, luminal communication and originating visceral branches in the computed tomography scan data. Primary end points were hospital deaths, complications and follow-up survival. Secondary end points included reintervention, thrombosis of the false lumen and aortic remodelling.

RESULTS
There were no deaths, neurological complications or paraplegia during hospitalization; however, a few patients (10%) had temporary acute renal failure or required secondary aortic reintervention during the follow-up period. We performed thoracic endovascular aortic repair with stable aortic remodelling during follow-up. The follow-up survival rate was 92.3%, and 87.5% of cases did not require aortic reintervention.

CONCLUSIONS
The FET technique is an effective method for treating chronic Stanford type B aortic dissection in patients at high risk of retrograde type A aortic dissection, concomitant disease of the proximal aorta and unsuitable anatomy for thoracic endovascular aortic repair, which allows for single-stage radical correction. Compared with thoracic endovascular aortic repair, the FET technique excludes the risk of type Ia endoleak, retrograde type A aortic dissection and possible stent graft migration. This technique provides comparable midterm follow-up outcomes and freedom from reintervention.
One-year outcomes in atrial fibrillation presenting during infections: a nationwide registry-based study
Authors: Gundlund Anna , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Butt Jawad H , Christensen Mathias Aagaard , Gislason Gunnar H , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Kümler Thomas , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
Thromboprophylaxis guidelines for patients with concurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) during infections are unclear and not supported by data. We compared 1-year outcomes in patients with infection-related AF and infection without AF.

Methods and results
By crosslinking Danish nationwide registry data, AF naïve patients admitted with infection (1996–2016) were identified. Those with AF during the infection (infection-related AF) were matched 1:3 according to age, sex, type of infection, and year with patients with infection without AF. Outcomes (AF, thromboembolic events) were assessed by multivariable Cox regression. The study population comprised 30 307 patients with infection-related AF and 90 912 patients with infection without AF [median age 79 years (interquartile range 71–86), 47.6% males in both groups]. The 1-year absolute risk of AF and thromboembolic events were 36.4% and 7.6%, respectively (infection-related AF) and 1.9% and 4.4%, respectively (infection without AF). In the multivariable analyses, infection-related AF was associated with an increased long-term risk of AF and thromboembolic events compared with infection without AF: hazard ratio (HR) 25.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 24.64–27.39 for AF and HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.98–2.22 for thromboembolic events. Further, differences in risks existed across different subtypes of infections.

Conclusion
During the first year after discharge, 36% of patients with infection-related AF had a new hospital contact with AF. Infection-related AF was associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events compared with infection without AF and our results suggest that AF related to infection may merit treatment and follow-up similar to that of AF not related to infection.
Developing a pediatric pain data repository
Authors: Donado Carolina , Lobo Kimberly , Berde Charles B , Bourgeois Florence T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The management of pediatric pain typically consists of individualized treatment plans and interventions that have not been systematically evaluated. There is an emerging need to create systems that can support the translation of clinical discoveries, facilitate the assessment of current interventions, and improve the collection of patient-centered data beyond routine clinical information. We present the development of the pediatric pain data repository, a custom-built system developed at Boston Children’s Hospital by a multidisciplinary pain treatment service. The Repository employs a web platform to collect standardized patient-reported outcomes and integrates this with electronic medical record data. To date, we have collected information on 2577 patients and anticipate adding approximately 500 new patients per year. Major strengths of the Repository include collection of extensive longitudinal patient-reported outcomes, automated clinical data abstraction, and integration of the system into clinical workflows to support medical decision making.
TXNIP induced by MondoA, rather than ChREBP, suppresses cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion
Authors: Zhang Junhua , Tian Xingbo , Yin Huifang , Xiao Songshu , Yi Shuijing , Zhang Youzhong , Zeng Fei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Evidence has indicated the associations between thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and cancers. However, the role of TXNIP in cervical cancer remains unclear. Hence, this study aims to investigate the role of TXNIP in regulating cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. TXNIP expression can be regulated by either MondoA or ChREBP in a cell- or tissue- dependent manner. Thus, we also explored whether TXNIP expression in cervical cancer can be regulated by MondoA or ChREBP. Our results showed that TXNIP expression was decreased in cervical cancer cells (HeLa, SiHa, CaSki, MS751, C-33A). Furthermore, TXNIP overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HeLa cells, whereas TXNIP silencing exerted the opposite effect in C-33A cells. Moreover, TXNIP expression could be induced by MondoA, rather than ChREBP in HeLa cells. Additionally, MondoA overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion through upregulating TXNIP in HeLa cells. In summary, TXNIP induced by MondoA, rather than ChREBP, suppresses cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Our findings provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.