bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compliance : externalisation et tierce introduction en matière de lutte anti-blanchiment
Authors: Barsan Iris M. 
Published: June 2020

Le périmètre de la lutte anti-blanchiment ne cesse de croître aussi bien rationae materiae que rationae personae . Cette croissance semble, cependant, être davantage quantitative que qualitative. Elle est, en tous cas, génératrice de coûts pour les entités soumises. Pour atténuer ces coûts et dans un souci d’efficacité, certaines entités peuvent externaliser la quasi-totalité de leurs obligations. Pourtant, autrefois, uniquement les entités bancaires et financières pouvaient avoir recours à la tierce introduction pour leurs obligations de vigilance à l’égard de la clientèle. A côté de la tierce introduction, on a lentement permis l’externalisation des obligations de vigilance à l’égard de la clientèle. En effet, le décret n° 2018-284 du 18 avril 2018, décret d’application de l’ordonnance n° 2016-1635 du 1 er décembre 2016 transposant la quatrième directive de lutte anti-blanchiment, a totalement libéralisé l’externalisation. Cette évolution soulève un certain nombre de questions de légalité et d’égalité devant la loi et interroge surtout l’efficience de la démarche française qui semble davantage attachée à une croissance quantitative que qualitative des obligations en matière de lutte anti-blanchiment.
Effect of natural preservatives on the organoleptic characteristics and storage stability of smoked <i>Heterotis niloticus</i>
Authors: Amuneke K.E. , Oguntade O.R. , Ikeogu F.C. , Nomeh U.A. 
Published: June 2020

Improvement of consumer’s palatability of Heterotis niloticus was investigated by value addition with natural spices and salt to improve its palatability and shelf-life. The major problem of H. niloticus is its poor taste, hence low demand and poor consumer’s acceptability which affects the market value. The objective of this study was to improve the palatability and shelf-life of H. niloticus using selected natural spices. Heterotis niloticus, procured and treated with natural spices and salt were allowed to drain for one hour, subjected to charcoal fired smoking kiln for 12 hours, cooled and stored for 8 weeks at ambient temperature before microbial analysis. The result showed that treatment 1 had the best quality (37.7%), followed by control sample (34.7%), and treatment 2 (28.9%), while the least was treatment 3 (21.6%). Microbial analysis shows that no Salmonella, Coliforms and E. coli were detected from the samples after smoking. Staphylococcus aureus count ranged from 2 × 102 to 9 × 102 but it was not detected in treatment 1. Improvement of the consumers’ palatability of H. niloticus and improved storage stability by spicing methods improved the poor taste of H. niloticus which has been discriminated despites excellent muscle quality.
Key words: Heterotis niloticus, organoleptic, spicing, microbial analysis
Differentials in market competitiveness among sweet potato farmers in south east, Nigeria: A gender analysis
Authors: Okoye A.C. , Mbanasor J.A. , Okoye F.U. , Saad A.S. 
Published: June 2020

Sweet potato has emerged as an attractive crop of choice for resource-constrained households in Nigeria as it promotes food security and economic growth. Nigeria is the third largest producer of sweet potato in the world, yet the level of market competitiveness in and outside the country remains poor. This study provided empirical data on gender analyses of market competitiveness among sweet potato farmers in Nigeria. A total of 360 farmers were sampled using a multi-stage procedure and data analyzed using Policy Analysis Matrix. The result showed that sweet potato production had positive private and social prices for male and female farmers indicating that the system was competitive at given prevalent government policies and transfers and utilized scarce resources efficiently. The result also shows a negative social and private policy divergence for male and female farmers indicating that the net effect of policy intervention reduced profitability at the farm level which is detrimental to producers. The coefficients of competitiveness and comparative advantage indicators shows that nominal protection coefficient on tradable outputs and on tradable inputs, effective protection coefficient, domestic resource cost ratio, social cost benefit ratio and private cost ratio were less than unity for both male and female farmers indicating competitiveness in sweet potato production in the study area. If Nigeria is going to attain self-sufficiency in the production of sweet potato and effectively compete in the market with other countries, there is an urgent need on removal of policy distortions through increased incentives and more reduction in the cost of labour through sweet potato mechanization.
Key words: competitive advantage, farm budget and policy analysis matrix (PAM)
Neutralization Effect of <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> (Hemsl.) A. Gray against Bitis arietans and <i>Naja nigricollis</i> venoms-induced toxicity
Authors: Gbolade Adebayo , Ukaigwe Ifunanya , Omorogbe Anastasia 
Published: June 2020

Leaf methanol extract and fractions of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Asteraceae) used in traditional medicine was evaluated for neutralization of toxicity induced by Bitis arietans and Naja nigricollis snake venoms in mice and rats. Inhibition of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation, antioxidant activity, total phenol content and neutralization of venom-induced toxicity were evaluated by standard methods. The methanol extract was the most active inhibitor of platelet aggregation (66.7 - 84.8%) in the B. arietans model at 100 - 500 μg/ml. The methanol extract and fractions appear to be equipotent in inhibiting platelet aggregation (68 - 74%) induced by N. nigricollis. The aqueous fraction was more active against B. arietans venom at 500 μg/ml as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation (59.4% inhibition), while the dichloromethane (DCM) fraction was more potent against N. nigricollis (70.97% inhibition). The methanol extract showed highest DPPH radical scavenging activity followed by the aqueous and DCM fractions. Total phenolic content was in the order: methanol extract > DCM fraction > aqueous fraction. The aqueous fraction was a better antivenin agent in both B. arietans (complete protection at 24 h) and N. nigricollis-envenomed mice and rat models. Anti-snake venom activity was more prominent at 24 h. The results herein, being the very first report, indicate the potential antiophidic activity of T. diversifolia leaf particularly against B. arietans-induced toxicity.
Impact of adoption of the new rice for Africa 1 on farmers’ yield of in Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Bala Jamilu , Hauwa Abdulkareem Yusuf , Musa Yahaya Mumini 
Published: June 2020

The study assessed the impact of NERICA 1 rice adoption on farmers’ yield in Gombe State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select two local governments areas, from which 328 farmers were randomly selected as sample size for the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed with percentages and mean. The result revealed that the average farm size was 1.5 for NERICA 1 and 2.1 non-NERICA 1 farmers. The finding showed that only (3%) of the respondents adopted NERICA 1 rice technology. The result showed a difference of 503.3 Kg/ha between the yield of respondents after the comparison and it shows significant impact at 1% probability level. The adoption of NERICA 1 rice has an impact on the yield of respondents. Farmers should be linked with seed companies and research institutes through extension agents to access certified seeds at an affordable price.
Keywords: Impact, rice, adoption, yield
Reporting of Rural grazing area initiative in selected daily newspapers in Nigeria
Authors: Ogunlade Israel , Olabanji Oluwafemi Peter , Adebisi Faridat Adetola , Omotesho Kemi Funmilayo , Olabode Deborah Adedoyin 
Published: June 2020

This study assessed how the Rural Grazing Area initiatives (RUGA) were reported in selected Nigerian newspapers, by assessing: the prominence given to RUGA news with reference to other subject matters, the frequency of reportage, and news report format. A systematic quantitative content analysis was used in collecting, analysing as well as interpreting the data for the study. A total of 276 daily publications of three newspapers were analysed from a pool of sample drawn through purposive sampling technique from issues of the newspapers published within three months’ period of July to September, 2019. The data from these newspapers were analysed using percentages. Findings showed that RUGA issues were not given adequate prominence in the three newspapers, and the newspapers performed more of an informative role in the reportage rather than giving a journalistic analysis of the policy itself in form of feature or editorial. News writers should be more analytic in their style of reporting developmental initiatives so as to help people understand the purpose and essence of such initiative. Also, the Nigerian newspapers, should scale-up agricultural content in their publications as a way of consolidating agricultural consciousness in Nigerians.
Keywords: Daily newspapers, reporting, rural grazing, initiative
Assessment of fertility status of soils under land use types in Egbema Area, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Chikere-Njoku C. 
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted to investigate fertility status under four different land use types (oil palm plantation, pineapple orchard, cassava cultivated land and fallow land use system) in Umuekem, Ohaji/Egbema of Imo State, Nigeria. Composite samples were collected from various depths (10-15cm, 15-30cm, 30-45cm) across these land use patterns and analyzed in the laboratory using the standard procedure. Data generated were subjected to statistical analysis. Results obtained showed significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in silt-clay ratio, bulk density, total porosity, water holding capacity, soil pH, organic carbon, available phosphorus, TN and ECEC across the four land use types studied. The soils were predominantly loamy sand surface and sandy clay loam in the subsoil exception of pineapple orchard with sandy loam topsoil over sandy clay loam subsoil. The silt clay ratio (SCR) showed ranges of 0.10-0.30, 0.10-0.36, 0.07 – 0.30, and 0.06- 0.20 in land use types of oil palm plantation, pineapple orchard, cassava cultivated land and fallow land respectively. The bulk density ranged of (1.61 – 1.77 g/cm3) for oil palm, (1.34 – 1.58 g/cm3) for pineapple (1.42 – 1.49 g/cm3) cassava and (1.45 – 1.48 g/cm3) in forest land use system. The soils of the four land use types were generally acidic. The mean values of soil pH (H20) were oil palm plantation (5.11), pineapple orchard (5.03), cassava cultivated land (5.35) and fallow land (5.40). The soil pH recorded low variation in all the land use types. The organic carbon and total nitrogen recorded high variation (>52.57% < 85.67%, >79.19 < 95.77) in all the different land use types. Calcium-magnesium ratio (Ca: Mg) recorded high variation (37.36%) in forest land use system, low variation (18.77%) in pineapple orchard and moderate in cassava (27.51%) and oil palm plantation (28.23). The low Ca: Mg ratio inhibits uptake and causes Ca deficiency thereby resulting in low fertility status of the soil. C: P recorded high variation (≥ 53.77% ≤ 77.73%) in all the studied land use types. O.C correlated positively and highly significant with available phosphorus, ECEC and T.N. The findings also indicated that bulk density correlated positively with ECEC and percentage base saturation. It is recommended that land use approach should be adopted for effective and sustainable management of the soil fertility.
Keywords: Fertility status, Soils, Land use types
Determinants of allocative (pricing) efficiency of cassava farms in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Onubuogu G.C. 
Published: June 2020

Globally and particularly across Sub-Saharan Africa of which Nigeria is included, cassava is one of the mostly cultivated and useful root crop. These crop not only contribute to the share of agriculture in national economy, but possess a great potential and comparative advantage to compete in the liberalized economy. Despite all these potentials of cassava, empirical studies on the allocative efficiency of cassava farms have not been fully and systematically documented in the area. Incidentally, most empirical studies on cassava have focused mainly on participation and adoption of cassava technologies. These create a gap in research. Empirical evidence on the allocative efficiency of cassava farm remains largely scanty and isolated. It was on this backdrop that the study was rigorously undertaken. Specifically, the study determined the allocative efficiency of cassava farms. Multistage random sampling technique was used in the selection of respondents. Sample size comprised ninety (90) cassava farms. Well structured questionnaire was the main tool for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using stochastic frontier production model and cost function. The estimated gamma (γ) parameter of stochastic frontier production function showed that about 82.7% variation in output among cassava farmers in the study area was due to differences in relative efficiency. The return to scale (RtS) was 0.549 in the study area. This indicates a positive decreasing return to scale and that cassava production was in stage II of the production region where resources and production were believed to be efficient. The mean allocative efficiency was 0.860. The policy implication of these findings is that cassava farms were efficient in allocating their resources considering their scope of operation and the limited resources in the study area. It was recommended that farmers particularly on their own should judiciously pool productive resources together through strengthened and stable cooperative society group as this would enhance their relative efficiencies in cassava production positively in the area.
Keywords: Allocative efficiency; Cassava; stochastic frontier production model; Imo State
Evaluating the Stability and Adequacy of NIGNET for the Definition of Nigerian Geodetic Reference Frame
Authors: Ayodele E.G. , Okolie C.J. , Ezeigbo C.U. , Fajemirokun F.A. 
Published: June 2020

A set of Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) distributed all over Nigeria constitutes the Nigerian GNSS Reference Network referred to as NIGNET. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a system tha uses satellites for autonomous position determination, and is a critical component of the modern-day geodetic infrastructure and services. Using CORS provide geodetic controls of comparable accuracy and a better alternative to the classical geodetic network. As the NIGNET infrastructure is utilised for different geodetic applications, it has become necessary to evaluate the suitability of the network data for the definition of a geodetic reference frame (GRF). This study utilised the technique of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in position estimation, and time series analysis for temporal monitoring of the network. The sufficiency and adequacy of the NIGNET data archive was also evaluated against that of an International GNSS Service (IGS) Station. The temporal stability of the station coordinates measured in terms of standard deviations varied between 10 mm and 22 mm. This analysis suggests a relative stability required for Tiers 1 and 2 CORS in line with the IGS standards. Based on this reported stability, it is concluded that NIGNET is fit for purpose in defining the Nigerian Geodetic Reference Frame. However, despite the good data quality observed, the adequacy of the network has been compromised by infrastructural failures and lack of continuity in data transmission. Accordingly, it is recommended that both practical and policy measures required to ensure the realisation of the goal of the network should be implemented.
Keywords: Geodetic reference frame, NIGNET, CORS, precise point positioning, temporal stability and adequacy.
Farmers’ Perspective about Organic Manure Production and Utilization in Dakshina Kannada, India.
Authors: Dukuziyaturemye Pierre , Banamwana Celestin , Naik Prashantha 
Published: June 2020

The perception and utilization of organic manure have all along been critical, due to the socioeconomic and demographic factors among farmers of different parts of the world including India. A study aimed to explore factors affecting farmer’s perception about organic manure production and its utilization in Dakshina Kannada. A questionnaire-based survey was used to collect data from farmers and bears quantitative data. This data shows that the 3.2% of farmers adopted farming activities for more than 30 years, and the experience acquired has influenced the knowledge and perceptions on utilization of organic manure. It was found that 86% of males and females positively enjoyed producing organic manure, while 14% had a negative attitude towards the practice. The core factor influencing farmers to produce organic manure from municipal solid wastes was high yield/crop production which accounted for 16.1% of all respondents. The study indicates that the attitude and willingness to use organic manure from organic waste were high among the farmers of Dakshina Kannada, India. Therefore, an approach that can get the farmers involved in organic manure production using organic wastes could be implemented to inform good practices.
Keywords: Wastes, agriculture, attitude, fertilizer, wastes management, small farmers
Effects of Tree Forest Plantations on Soil Physicochemical Properties in the Arboretumof Ruhande,Southern Province of Rwanda
Authors: Venuste Nsengimana 
Published: June 2020

Different tree speciesare blamed to have negative effects on soil ecosystems by changing soil physicochemical properties, and hence soil quality. However, few researches to verify this statement were done in Rwanda. This study provides prior information on the effects of planted forest tree species on soil physicochemical properties. It was conducted in the Arboretum of Ruhande, in southern Rwanda. Soil cores were collected in plots of exotic, native and agroforestry tree species. Collected soils were analysed for soil pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus, aggregate stability, bulk density, soil humidity, cation exchange capacity, and soil texture. Soils sampled under exotic tree species were acidic, richin soil organic carbon, and in soil available phosphorus. Native and agroforestry tree species offer better conditions in soil pH, soil water content, cation exchange capacity, clay and silt. Less variations in soil total nitrogen and soil bulk density were found in soils sampled under all studied forest types. Research concluded that studiedtree species have different effects on soil physicochemical parameters. It recommended further studies to generalize these findings.
Key words: soil, exotic, native, agroforestry, soil properties
О ТЮРКСКОЙ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩЕЙ В МИРОВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ И ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Amanzholova Alina 
Published: June 2020

Тюркский мир на протяжении длительной истории являлась уникальным местом, где зарождались и развивались мощнейшие культуры и цивилизации, оказавшее огромное влияние и воздействие на ход, и развитие мировой истории, культуры и цивилизации. Его влияние было обусловлено тем, что Тюркский мир, будучи географически расположенный в центральной части евразийского континента, всегда был связующим мостом между двумя великими культурами Востока и Запада. И то, что это месторасположение тюрков, с одной стороны вполне закономерно обуславливало, неизбежное влияние и воздействие этих великих культур на тюркскую, что естественно приводило к усвоению и заимствование некоторых элементов этих культур, а, с другой, и тюрки имели свою, и достаточно высокую для своего времени культуру и цивилизацию. Более того, их культура, как показывают объективные не зашоренные различными центризмами исследования, оказывала огромное влияние и воздействие на соседние, часто задавая, по мнению многих выдающихся ученых, стартовые условия для развития соседних цивилизаций, в частности, на российскую и европейскую.
HAVA-JETLİ TEKSTÜRE PBT İPLİKLERİN MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN VE KARARSIZLIK DAVRANIŞLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Duran Seren 
Published: June 2020

Hava-jetli tekstüre işlemi, sentetik filamentlerin iplik içerisindeki düzenli yerleşimlerini mekanik yolla değiştirerek, bu filamentleri birbirine karışmış, hacimli, doğal ipliklere benzer bir yapıya dönüştürür. Bu teknikte, uygulanan aşırı beslemenin yardımıyla her çeşit filament, tekstüre jetinden uygulanan süpersonik hava akımının tesiriyle karıştırılabilir. Hava-jetli tekstüre işleminde jetten tekstüre olarak çıkan ipliğe, alım silindiri ile sevk silindiri arasında bir mekanik germe işlemi uygulanır. Mekanik germenin amacı, tam olarak ilmek oluşturamamış filamentlerin çözülmesi ve ilmek oluşturabilmiş filamentlerin daha iyi kilitlenerek ipliğin mekanik özelliklerini daha kararlı hale getirmektir. Hava-jetli tekstüre ipliklerin yapısında bulunan ilmeklerin bir kısmı uygulanan kuvvetlerin etkisiyle yok olabilir, iplik üzerinde kalan ilmeklerin miktarı bu ilmeklerin “kararlılığı” ile ilişkilidir. Poliesterler ana zincirlerinde ester bağları bulunduran sentetik liflerdir. Bu lifler olumlu performans özellikleri nedeniyle konvansiyonel ve endüstriyel alanlarda sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Farklı poliester çeşitleri arasında, polibütilen tereftalat (PBT) lifleri özellikle iyi toparlanma davranışının istendiği uygulamalarda tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada hava-jetli tekstüre PBT ipliklerin mekanik özellikleri ve kararsızlık davranışları incelenmiştir. Yapılan ön denemelerde, mekanik germe oranının %6’nın üzerinde olduğu durumlarda iplik yapısında deformasyon gözlenmiştir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada en yüksek %6 olacak şekilde 4 farklı mekanik germe (%0-2-4-6) ve 3 farklı aşırı besleme oranında (%20-40-60) hava-jetli tekstüre PBT iplikler üretilmiştir. Üretilen bu numunelerin, iplik numaraları, mekanik özellikleri ve elastik toparlanma davranışları incelenmiştir. Çekme ve elastik toparlanma deneylerinden elde edilen sonuçlar optik mikroskop deneyleriyle ilişkilendirilerek açıklanmıştır. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda, hava-jetli tekstüre PBT ipliklerde aşırı besleme oranındaki artışa bağlı olarak ilmekli yapıda bir artış gözlenmiştir. Bu durum, numunelerin iplik numarası ve kopma uzaması değerlerinde bir artışa, elastik toparlanma davranışlarında ise azalmaya neden olmuştur. En az ilmekli yapının gözlendiği %20 aşırı besleme ile üretilen numunelerde filamentler iplik eksenine olan paralelliklerini kısmen korumuştur. Dolayısıyla bu numuneler için hava-jetli tekstüre iplik yapısından ziyade filamentleri meydana getiren molekül zincirlerinin özellikleri ön plana çıkmış ve en iyi toparlanma bu iplik grubunda gözlenmiştir.