bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and evaluation of a triazole‐bridged bis(β‐cyclodextrin)–bonded chiral stationary phase for HPLC
Authors: Shuang Yazhou , Liao Yuqin , Wang Hui , Wang Yuanxing , Li Laisheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA triazole‐bridged bis(β‐cyclodextrin) was synthesized via a high‐yield Click Chemistry reaction between 6‐azido‐β‐cyclodextrin and 6‐propynylamino‐β‐cyclodextrin, and then it was bonded onto ordered silica gel SBA‐15 to obtain a novel triazole‐bridged bis(β‐cyclodextrin)–bonded chiral stationary phase (TBCDP). The structures of the bridged cyclodextrin and TBCDP were characterized by the infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The chiral performance of TBCDP was evaluated by using chiral pesticides and drugs as probes including triazoles, flavanones, dansyl amino acids and β‐blockers. Some effects of the composition in mobile phase and pH value on the enantioseparations were investigated in different modes. The nine triazoles, eight flavanones, and eight dansyl amino acids were successfully resolved on TBCDP under the reversed phase with the resolutions of hexaconazole, 2′‐hydroxyflavanone, and dansyl‐DL‐tyrosine, which were 2.49, 5.40, and 3.25 within 30 minutes, respectively. The ten β‐blockers were also separated under the polar organic mode with the resolution of arotinolol reached 1.71. Some related separation mechanisms were discussed preliminary. Compared with the native cyclodextrin stationary phase (CDSP), TBCDP has higher enantioselectivity to separate more analytes, which benefited from the synergistic inclusion ability of the two adjacent cavities and bridging linker of TBCDP, thereby enabling it a promising prospect in chiral drugs and food analysis.
On the organization of receptive fields of retinal spot detectors projecting to the fish tectum: Analogies with the local edge detectors in frogs and mammals
Authors: Maximova Elena M. , Aliper Alexey T. , Damjanović Ilija , Zaichikova Alisa A. , Maximov Paul V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResponses of ON‐ and OFF‐ganglion cells (GCs) were recorded extracellularly from their axon terminals in the medial sublamina of tectal retino‐recipient layer of immobilized cyprinid fish (goldfish and carp). These units were recorded deeper than direction selective (DS) ones and at the same depth where responses of orientation selective (OS) GCs were recorded. Prominent responses of these units are evoked by small contrast spots flickering within or moving across their visual field. They are not selective either to the direction of motion or to the orientation of stimuli and are not characterized by any spontaneous spike activity. We refer to these fish GCs as spot detectors (SDs) by analogy with the frog SD. Receptive fields (RFs) of SDs are organized concentrically: the excitatory center (about 4.5°) is surrounded by opponent periphery. Study of interactions in the RF has shown that inhibitory influences are generated already inside the central RF area. This fact suggests that RFs of SDs cannot be defined as homogeneous sensory zone driven by a linear mechanism of response generation. Physiological properties of fish SDs are compared with the properties of frog SDs and analogous mammalian retinal GCs—local edge detectors (LEDs). The potential role of the SDs in visually guided fish behavior is discussed.
Examining sociopolitical elements of health system reform: The experience of Singapore and Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Jui , Serrano Ray 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis essay suggests five sociopolitical dimensions that influence the success of health system reforms. It examines the experience of two high‐income Asian countries, Singapore and Taiwan, and illustrates how these five dimensions matter. These five sociopolitical dimensions are public trust, perceived government performance, political legitimacy, equity/solidarity, and demand for choice. Public trust in government, perceived government performance, and the legitimacy of political authorities were necessary for governments in both countries to enact key reforms. Public perceptions of government capacity combined with public conceptions of equity were deliberated and clarified as stakeholders sought to reach consensus based on values upheld by segments of each society. Nevertheless, these elements alone are not enough to sustain major institutional reforms in light of ongoing social, political, and demographic changes. This essay provides a different approach to traditional policy cycle models and seeks to emphasize stewardship and governance in health systems.
Association of anthropogenic aerosols with subtropical drought in East Asia
Authors: Liu Yuzhi , Shao Tianbin , Hua Shan , Zhu Qingzhe , Luo Run 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic aerosols play an important role in altering the radiation budget and Earth's climate. In this study, the association of anthropogenic aerosols with subtropical drought in East Asia is investigated with multisource data and simulations of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. The result shows that the increase in anthropogenic aerosols partially contributes to the zonal drought at subtropical latitudes in East Asia from 1970. In East Asia, sulphate is the dominant type of anthropogenic aerosol and is mainly distributed over the southeastern China. Due to the sulphate aerosols, the geopotential height decreases/increases significantly at the upper‐/lower‐level atmosphere in the subtropical region, with a maximum variation at approximately 30°N. Consequently, the downward motion of air is intensified in the subtropical region. Ultimately, the precipitation amount in the vicinity of the subtropical region is significantly diminished, with a maximum decrease at approximately 30°N. In contrast, the sulphate aerosols could induce more precipitation over the tropical region. In conclusion, the anthropogenic aerosols have an important impact on precipitation in East Asia. In the future, with the intensification of human activities, the contribution of anthropogenic aerosols to aridification is an inevitable question.
Regionalization of evapotranspiration using fuzzy dynamic clustering approach. Part 1: Formation of regions in India
Authors: Masanta Swapan K. , Vemavarapu Srinivas V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDelineation of homogeneous reference evapotranspiration (ET0) regions is essential for different applications in hydro‐meteorology. In conventional regionalization approaches, lumped (time‐invariant) statistics such as mean, median or interquartile range of different hydrometeorological variables are often considered as attributes to delineate regions. Information on temporal dynamics of those variables is not utilized (as it is lost in lumped statistics), which if accounted could yield better regions. To address this, a new regionalization approach is presented in fuzzy framework in this Part 1 of a two‐part series. In the proposed approach, information on temporal dynamics of predictor climate variables influencing ET0 is used for regionalization, and the delineated regions are subsequently validated for homogeneity using the predictand (ET0) related information. Effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through a case study on India, which yielded 18 regions. They are shown to be statistically more homogeneous in ET0 when compared to the existing agro‐ecological zones and regions formed using global fuzzy c‐means clustering method. The homogeneous ET0 regions were found to be different from homogeneous actual evapotranspiration (ETa) regions delineated over India using the fuzzy dynamic clustering approach. Various applications of the homogeneous ET0 regions formed using the proposed approach are presented in Part 2 of this series.
Floating autostereoscopic display with in situ interaction
Authors: Huang Tianqi , Zhang Xinran , Liao Hongen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFloating three‐dimensional (3D) display implements direct interaction between human hands and virtual 3D images, which offers natural and effective augmented reality interaction. In this study, we propose a novel floating autostereoscopic display, combining head tracking lenticular display with an image projection system, to offer the observers with an accurate 3D image floating in midair without any optical elements between observers and the virtual 3D image. Combined with a gesture recognition device, the proposed system can achieve in situ augmented reality interaction with the floating 3D image. A distortion correction method is developed to achieve 3D display with accurate spatial information. Moreover, a coordinate calibration method is designed to improve the accuracy in the in situ interaction. Experiments were performed to prove the feasibility of the proposed system, and the good results show the potential of human‐computer interaction in medicine and life sciences.
Goat Milk Consumption Ameliorates Abnormalities in Glucose Metabolism and Enhances Hepatic and Skeletal Muscle AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Rats Fed with High‐Fat Diets
Authors: Liu Wei , Sun Han , Zhou Yalin , Li Yong , Qin Yong , Li Ruijun , Chen Yuhan , Yu Lanlan , Zhao Mengya , Zhang Wei , Xu Yajun 
Published: November 2019

ScopeDiabetes endangers health and causes serious economic impediment. The aim of this study is to identify the effects of goat milk consumption on glucose metabolism of rats with high‐fat (HF) diet.Methods and resultsSixty male Sprague Dawley rats are divided into five groups and fed with different diets for 24 weeks: goat‐milk‐based HF diet (GHF group; goat milk powder+HF diet), cow‐milk‐based HF diet (CHF group; cow milk powder+HF diet), HF diet, HF diet plus acarbose (HF+A group; acarbose+HF diet), and chow diet (CD group). Fasting glucose in GHF‐fed rats are lower than HF‐fed rats on weeks 16 and 20. GHF‐fed rats display improved insulin sensitivity in oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Compared with HF‐fed rats, glycated hemoglobin and triglycerides in GHF‐fed rats are lower and high‐density lipoprotein level is higher. AMP‐activated protein kinase activation (AMPK) in the liver and skeletal muscle is higher in GHF rats than HF rats. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6‐phosphatase protein levels in the liver are lower and hexokinase 2 protein level in the skeletal muscle is higher in GHF rats compared with HF rats.ConclusionGoat milk consumption can ameliorate abnormalities in glucose metabolism, and AMPK pathway in the liver and skeletal muscle plays an important role in the process.
Identification of the influential parts in a complex mechanical product from a reliability perspective using complex network theory
Authors: Yin Xiaoqing , Mo Yudi , Dong Chenchen , Zhang Yuhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDue to the difference in the numbers and strengths of physical relationships among parts, complex mechanical products (CMPs) have community structure characteristics. There are often some influential parts in the community. Failures of these influential parts spread rapidly along the physical relationships between parts in the community, which seriously affects the reliability of a product. Therefore, identifying the influential parts in the community and adopting targeted measures can effectively improve the reliability and service life of a product. However, identifying the influential parts within each community in a collection of parts with complex relationships is very difficult. Thus, from the perspective of reliability, a method for identifying the influential parts of a CMP based on complex network theory is proposed and used to identify the influential parts in each community of products. First, weighted complex network (WCN) theory is employed to construct a CMP into a WCN model. Second, the complex network community detection method is employed to detect the community structure of the WCN model. Third, a modified LocalRank algorithm is employed to identify the influential nodes in each community, ie, the influential parts in each community of a CMP. Fourth, a modified susceptible‐infectious‐recovered (SIR) model is employed to evaluate the impacts of the influential parts. An analysis of a company's DC drill planetary gearbox shows that the proposed method is accurate and effective.
Charge migration fragmentation in the negative ion mode of cyclopentenone and cyclopentanone intermediates in the biosynthesis of jasmonates
Authors: Oliw Ernst H. , Hamberg Mats 
Published: November 2019

RationaleJasmonates are formed from 12‐oxo‐10,15(Z)‐phytodienoic acid (12‐OPDA) in plants and also from 12‐oxo‐10‐phytoenoic acid (12‐OPEA) in fungi. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of [M‐H]− generates characteristic product anions at m/z 165 [C11H17O]−. Our goal was to investigate the structure and mode of formation of this anion by CID of 12‐OPDA, 12‐OPEA, and 12‐oxophytonoic acid (12‐OPA).MethodsWe investigated the CID of the [M‐H]−, [M‐H‐CO2]−, and [M‐H‐H2O]− anions using electrospray ionization and MS/MS analysis of 12‐OPDA, 12‐OPEA, and 12‐OPA, and compared the results with the data obtained with the corresponding compounds labeled with 2H at C‐6 and C‐7 and with structural and side chain analogs.ResultsCID of [6,6,7,7‐2H4]12‐OPEA and [6,6‐2H2]12‐OPDA ([M‐H]− and [M‐H‐CO2]−) showed that one or two 2H atoms were transferred to anions at m/z 165 as judged by the signal intensities of m/z 165 + 1 or 165 + 2, respectively. CID of [6,6‐2H2]‐ and [6,6,7,7‐2H4]‐12‐OPA ([M‐H]− and [M‐H‐CO2]−) yielded the loss of H2 from the cyclopentanone and displayed the transfer of one 2H atom in analogy to 12‐OPEA. In contrast, CID of [6,6,7,7‐2H4]12‐OPEA and [6,6,7,7‐2H4]12‐OPA [M‐H‐H2O]− demonstrated the transfer of two 2H atoms (m/z 165 + 2). All spectra obtained by CID of [6,6,7,7‐2H4]12‐OPDA and [6,6,7,7‐2H4]12‐oxo‐9(13),15(Z)‐phytodienoic acid showed that one or two additional 2H atoms could be transferred to this anion at m/z 167 of [6,6‐2H2]12‐OPDA due to isotope scrambling.ConclusionsCID of 12‐OPDA and 12‐OPEA generates cyclopentanone enolate anions at m/z 165 by charge‐driven hydride transfer as a common mechanism and by bond cleavage between C‐7 and C‐8 of the carboxyl side chains with either gain or loss of a hydrogen atom.
Jumping spectra and vanishing couplings in heterotic Line Bundle Standard Models
Authors: Gray James , Wang Juntao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We study two aspects of the physics of heterotic Line Bundle Standard Models on smooth Calabi-Yau threefolds. First, we investigate to what degree modern moduli stabilization scenarios can affect the standard model spectrum in such compactifications. Specifically, we look at the case where some of the complex structure moduli are fixed by a choice of hidden sector bundle. In this context, we study the frequency with which the system tends to be forced to a point in moduli space where the cohomology groups determining the spectrum in the standard model sector jump in dimension. Second, we investigate to what degree couplings, that are permitted by all of the obvious symmetries of the theory, actually vanish due to certain topological constraints associated to their higher dimensional origins. We find that both effects are prevalent within the data set of heterotic Line Bundle Standard Models studied.
Process variable optimization in the cold metal transfer weld repair of aerospace ZE41A-T5 alloy using central composite design
Authors: Ola O. T. , Valdez R. L. , Oluwasegun K. M. , Ojo O. A. , Chan K. , Birur A. , Cuddy J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe pulsed cold metal transfer (CMT+P) process was evaluated for the repair of aerospace structural components made from ZE41A-T5 magnesium alloy. The choice of welding variables was considered to be unique for the material type, weld design and geometry, and application-specific requirements. A design of experiment (DOE) method based on a rotatable 3D central composite design (CCD) was used to systematically establish relationships between independent welding variables and the resultant output variables of the CMT+P process, including the development of mathematical models based on second-order polynomial. A multiple response desirability function approach was then used for process optimization. The CMT+P process produced high-quality welds in the alloy. Welding process variables were established to produce desired weld penetration and weld reinforcement and complete fusion with minimal weld defects. Optimal domains of the independent variables were achieved; where the welds comply with the application-specific (repair of gearbox housing) requirements and acceptable class A weld quality of the aerospace fusion welding standard AWS D17.1.
The current situation of canine dirofilariosis in Hungary
Authors: Farkas Róbert , Mag Viktória , Gyurkovszky Mónika , Takács Nóra , Vörös Károly , Solymosi Norbert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBetween April and September 2017, blood samples were collected from 344 randomly selected dogs older than 1 year in 180 settlements of 19 counties in Hungary. The dogs lived exclusively outdoors, had never travelled and had neither been examined for Dirofilaria infection nor treated against mosquitoes with insecticides or/and filarioid worms with macrocyclic lactones. Dirofilaria infection was examined with a modified Knott’s test for microfilariae, DiroCHEK®, for the presence of D. immitis antigen, as well as by multiplex and conventional PCR. Altogether, 77 (22.4%) dogs living in 58 settlements of 17 counties were found to be infected with one or both Dirofilaria species based on the PCR techniques. Twenty-eight (8.1%) and 38 (11.1%) dogs were infected with D. immitis and D. repens, respectively. Coinfections were recorded in 11 samples (3.2%) collected in 11 locations of 8 counties. The results confirmed that both dirofilarioses are endemic in dogs and the eastern areas of the country are hyperendemic for heartworm disease. Temperature showed a significant association with the prevalence of D. immitis (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.24–4.86, p = 0.012) but not with that of D. repens (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.78–2.47, p = 0.286). The prevalence of neither D. immitis (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00, p = 0.213) nor D. repens (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.01, p = 0.094) showed a significant correlation with precipitation. The number of yearly growing degree days (GDD) based on the lifecycle of Dirofilaria in mosquitoes ranged between 3.73 and 7.57 for the Hungarian districts. The GDD showed a significant positive association with the prevalence of D. immitis (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.43–4.15, p = 0.001) and a non-significant positive relationship with that of D. repens (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.83–1.95, p = 0.291).
Multivalued decision diagrams for prize-collecting job sequencing with one common and multiple secondary resources
Authors: Maschler Johannes , Raidl Günther R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMultivalued decision diagrams (MDD) are a powerful tool for approaching combinatorial optimization problems. Relatively compact relaxed and restricted MDDs are applied to obtain dual bounds and heuristic solutions and provide opportunities for new branching schemes. We consider a prize-collecting sequencing problem in which a subset of given jobs has to be found that is schedulable and yields maximum total prize. The primary aim of this work is to study different methods for creating relaxed MDDs for this problem. To this end, we adopt and extend the two main MDD compilation approaches found in the literature: top down construction and incremental refinement. In a series of computational experiments these methods are compared. The results indicate that for our problem the incremental refinement method produces MDDs with stronger bounds. Moreover, heuristic solutions are derived by compiling restricted MDDs and by applying a general variable neighborhood search (GVNS). Here we observe that the top down construction of restricted MDDs is able to yield better solutions as the GVNS on small to medium-sized instances.
Development and application of a forensic toxicological library for identification of 56 natural toxic substances by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Ogawa Tadashi , Zaitsu Kei , Kokaji Tetsuo , Suga Kayako , Kondo Fumio , Iwai Masae , Suzuki Takayoshi , Ishii Akira , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The present study aims to develop a forensic toxicological library to identify 56 natural toxic substances by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF-MS/MS).

Methods
For setting up the library of product ion spectra, individual substances (31 plant toxins, 7 mushroom toxins, 5 marine toxins, 5 frog venoms, 4 mycotoxins, and 4 substances derived from plants) were analyzed by LC–QTOF-MS/MS with positive and negative ionization. The product ion spectra were acquired at the collision energies (CEs) of 20, 35, and 50 eV in single enhanced product ion mode and then in collision energy spread mode in which the CE ramp range was set to 35 ± 15 eV.

Results
To test the performance of the library, human blood plasma samples were spiked with a mixture of lycorine and domoic acid, extracted by acetonitrile deproteinization and analyzed by LC–QTOF-MS/MS. Identification by our library search could be achieved for these toxins at the purity scores of 79.1 and 67.2, respectively. The method was also applied to postmortem blood from a death case with an aconite intake, and showed that four toxins in an aconite could be identified in the blood sample at the purity scores of 54.6–60.3.

Conclusions
This library will be more effective for the screening of natural toxic substances in routine forensic toxicological analysis. To our knowledge, there are no reports dealing with development of library for natural toxic substances by LC–QTOF-MS/MS.
Deep learning for plankton and coral classification
Authors: Lumini Alessandra , Nanni Loris , Maguolo Gianluca 
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we present a study about an automated system for monitoring underwater ecosystems. The system here proposed is based on the fusion of different deep learning methods. We study how to create an ensemble based of different Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, fine-tuned on several datasets with the aim of exploiting their diversity. The aim of our study is to experiment the possibility of fine-tuning CNNs for underwater imagery analysis, the opportunity of using different datasets for pre-training models, the possibility to design an ensemble using the same architecture with small variations in the training procedure.Our experiments, performed on 5 well-known datasets (3 plankton and 2 coral datasets) show that the combination of such different CNN models in a heterogeneous ensemble grants a substantial performance improvement with respect to other state-of-the-art approaches in all the tested problems. One of the main contributions of this work is a wide experimental evaluation of famous CNN architectures to report the performance of both the single CNN and the ensemble of CNNs in different problems. Moreover, we show how to create an ensemble which improves the performance of the best single model. The MATLAB source code is freely link provided in title page.