bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rising above: Investigating employee exemplification as a response to the experience of shame induced by abusive supervision
Authors: Kim Joseph K. , Holtz Brian C. , Hu Biyun 
Published: August 2020

Scholars have clearly demonstrated that abusive supervision can precipitate a variety of destructive reactions from employees. Employees, however, do not universally reciprocate mistreatment with their own destructive behaviour and yet our current understanding of how victims of abusive supervision might choose to react less destructively, or potentially constructively, is still limited. Further, we lack a sufficient understanding of the psychological mechanisms that help explain why employees may react less destructively to abusive supervision. Drawing from appraisal theories of emotions, this research investigates whether the emotion of shame helps to explain why employees might engage in exemplification as a relatively constructive coping strategy in response to abusive supervision. An experimental (Study 1) and a field study (Study 2) found that shame mediated the effect of abusive supervision on employee exemplification. We further examined locus of control as a moderator of the indirect relationship between abusive supervision and exemplification and found individuals with internal (compared to external) locus of control were more likely to experience shame from abusive supervision and cope with shame by engaging in exemplification. In turn, the positive relationship between abusive supervision and exemplification, via shame, was strengthened for individuals with internal locus of control.Practitioner pointsPracticing managers should help guide employees to make more informed judgements about how to react to abuse in ways that are most suitable for their well‐being and career. Common reactions such as leaving the organization or retaliating against the abusive supervisor may not be a good personal and professional choice for employees. As such, employees should know that there are other viable avenues, such as engaging in exemplification, that can help cope with shame induced by abusive supervision.Organizations should identify formal procedures and practices that reward and celebrate employees that go above and beyond. If employees perceive that their exemplification has gone unnoticed, they may feel that their self‐concept is not being restored at their desired rate, consequently driving employees to cope with the feeling of shame through withdrawal (e.g., turnover).
Characteristics of paediatric frequent presenters at emergency departments: A whole‐of‐population study
Authors: Procter Alexandra M , Gialamas Angela , Pilkington Rhiannon M , Montgomerie Alicia , Chittleborough Catherine R , Smithers Lisa G , Lynch John W 
Published: August 2020

AimTo quantify the frequency of emergency department (ED) presentations and profile the socio‐demographic, health and presentation characteristics of paediatric ED frequent presenters.MethodsA population‐based data linkage study of 55 921 children in the South Australian Early Childhood Data Project aged 0–12 years with 100 976 presentations to public hospital EDs in South Australia. For each child, the total number of recurrent ED presentations during a 364‐day period post‐index presentation was calculated. Frequent presenters were children who experienced ≥4 recurrent ED presentations. We determined the socio‐demographic, health and presentation characteristics by number of recurrent presentations.ResultsChildren with ≥4 recurrent presentations (4.4%) accounted for 15.4% of all paediatric ED presentations and 22.5% of subsequent admissions to hospital during the 12‐month study period. Compared to children with no recurrent ED presentation, frequent presenters had higher proportions of socio‐economic and health disadvantage at birth. One in two (49.3%) frequent presenters had at least one injury presentation and one (21.3%) in five had at least one presentation related to a chronic condition.ConclusionsChildren with ≥4 presentations do not represent the majority of ED users. Nevertheless, they represent a disproportionate burden accounting for 15% of all paediatric ED presentations in a 12‐month period. Frequent presenters were characterised by early socio‐economic and health disadvantage, and childhood injury. Strategies targeting social disadvantage and childhood injury may reduce the burden of ED presentations.
How does cessation of work affect sleep? Prospective analyses of sleep duration, timing and efficiency from the Swedish Retirement Study
Authors: Garefelt Johanna , Gershagen Sara , Kecklund Göran , Westerlund Hugo , Platts Loretta G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSeveral strands of research indicate that work competes for time with sleep, but to what extent the timing and duration of sleep is affected by work is not known. Retirement offers a quasi‐experimental life transition to study this in a within‐individual study design. The few existing studies report that people sleep longer and later after retirement but mainly rely on self‐reported data or between‐individual analyses. We recruited 100 participants aged 61–72 years who were in paid work but would soon retire and measured them in a baseline week with accelerometers, diaries and questionnaires. After 1 and 2 years, the measurements were repeated for the now retired participants. Changes in sleep duration, timing, efficiency, chronotype and social jetlag were analysed using multilevel modelling. Gender, chronotype at baseline and partner's working status were analysed as potential effect modifiers. Sleep duration increased by 21 min, whereas sleep efficiency remained similar. Time of sleep onset and final awakening were postponed by 26 and 52 min, respectively, pushing midsleep forward from 03:17 to 03:37 hours. Changes in duration and timing of sleep were driven by weekday sleep, whereas weekend sleep stayed about the same. Social jetlag decreased but still occurred after retirement. Changes at retirement in sleep duration and timing were smaller for participants with a later chronotype and who had full‐time working partners. These findings indicate that paid work generates sleep loss and hinders people from sleeping in line with their biological time.
MRI‐defined sarcopenia predicts mortality in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Beer Lucian , Bastati Nina , Ba‐Ssalamah Ahmed , Pötter‐Lang Sarah , Lampichler Katharina , Bican Yesim , Lauber David , Hodge Jacqueline , Binter Teresa , Pomej Katharina , Simbrunner Benedikt , Semmler Georg , Trauner Michael , Mandorfer Mattias , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsTo explore whether sarcopenia, diagnosed by an abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol is a risk factor for hepatic decompensation and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).MethodsIn this retrospective single‐centre study we included 265 patients (164 men, mean age 54 ± 16 years) with CLD who had undergone MRI of the liver between 2010 and 2015. Transverse psoas muscle thickness (TPMT) was measured on unenhanced and contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted axial images. Sarcopenia was defined by height‐adjusted and gender‐specific cut‐offs in women as TPMT < 8 mm/m and in men as TPMT < 12 mm/m respectively. Patients were further stratified into three prognostic stages according to the absence of advanced fibrosis (FIB‐4 < 1.45, non‐advanced CLD), compensated‐advanced CLD (cACLD) and decompensated‐advanced CLD (dACLD).ResultsThe inter‐observer agreement for the TPMT measurements (κ = 0.98; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]:0.96‐0.98), as well as the intra‐observer agreement between the three image sequences (κ = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99‐1.00) were excellent. Sarcopenia was not predictive of first or further hepatic decompensation. In patients with cACLD and dACLD, sarcopenia was a risk factor for mortality (cACLD: hazard ratio (HR):3.13, 95% CI: 1.33‐7.41, P = .009; dACLD:HR:2.45, 95% CI: 1.32‐4.57, P = .005) on univariate analysis. After adjusting for the model of end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score, albumin and evidence of clinical significant portal hypertension, sarcopenia (adjusted HR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.02‐7.42, P = .045) remained an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with cACLD.ConclusionSarcopenia can be easily evaluated by a short MRI exam without the need for contrast injection. Sarcopenia is a risk factor for mortality, especially in patients with cACLD.
Abundant extraterrestrial amino acids in the primitive CM carbonaceous chondrite Asuka 12236
Authors: Glavin Daniel P. , McLain Hannah L. , Dworkin Jason P. , Parker Eric T. , Elsila Jamie E. , Aponte José C. , Simkus Danielle N. , Pozarycki Chad I. , Graham Heather V. , Nittler Larry R. , Alexander Conel M.O’D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Asuka (A)‐12236 meteorite has recently been classified as a CM carbonaceous chondrite of petrologic type 3.0/2.9 and is among the most primitive CM meteorites studied to date. Here, we report the concentrations, relative distributions, and enantiomeric ratios of amino acids in water extracts of the A‐12236 meteorite and another primitive CM chondrite Elephant Moraine (EET) 96029 (CM2.7) determined by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. EET 96029 was highly depleted in amino acids and dominated by glycine, while a wide diversity of two‐ to six‐carbon aliphatic primary amino acids were identified in A‐12236, which had a total amino acid abundance of 360 ± 18 nmol g−1, with most amino acids present without hydrolysis (free). The amino acid concentrations of A‐12236 were double those previously measured in the CM2.7 Paris meteorite, consistent with A‐12236 being a highly primitive and unheated CM chondrite. The high relative abundance of α‐amino acids in A‐12236 is consistent with formation by a Strecker‐cyanohydrin dominated synthesis during a limited early aqueous alteration phase on the CM meteorite parent body. The presence of predominantly free glycine, a near racemic mixture of alanine (d/l ~0.93–0.96), and elevated abundances of several terrestrially rare non‐protein amino acids including α‐aminoisobutyric acid (α‐AIB) and racemic isovaline indicate that these amino acids in A‐12236 are extraterrestrial in origin. Given a lack of evidence for biological amino acid contamination in A‐12236, it is possible that some of the l‐enantiomeric excesses (lee ~34–64%) of the protein amino acids, aspartic and glutamic acids and serine, are indigenous to the meteorite; however, isotopic measurements are needed for confirmation. In contrast to more aqueously altered CMs of petrologic types ≤2.5, no l‐isovaline excesses were detected in A‐12236. This observation strengthens the hypothesis that extensive parent body aqueous activity is required to produce or amplify the large l‐isovaline excesses that cannot be explained solely by exposure to circularly polarized radiation or other chiral symmetry breaking mechanisms prior to incorporation into the asteroid parent body.
Close arrangement of CARK3 and PMEIL affects ABA‐mediated pollen sterility in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang Hsi‐Hua , Qiu Yao , Yu Qin , Zhang Qian , Li Xiaoyi , Wang Jianmei , Li Xufeng , Zhang Yang , Yang Yi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) signaling is a vital plant signaling pathway for plant responses to stress conditions. ABA treatment can alter global gene expression patterns and cause significant phenotypic changes. We investigated the responses to ABA treatment during flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. Dipping the flowers of CARK3 T‐DNA mutants in ABA solution, led to less reduction of pollen fertility than in the wild type plants (Col‐0). We demonstrated that PMEIL, a gene located downstream of CARK3, directly affects pollen fertility. Due to the close arrangement of CARK3 and PMEIL, CARK3 expression represses transcription of PMEIL in an ABA‐dependent manner through transcriptional interference. Our study uncovers a molecular mechanism underlying ABA‐mediated pollen sterility and provides an example of how transcriptional interference caused by close arrangement of genes may mediate stress responses during plant reproduction.
On the Systematicity of Academic Philosophy
Authors: Alvargonzález David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I will discuss the significance of the idea of system as applied to academic philosophy. Firstly, I will distinguish systems from other types of totalities, such as sets, aggregates and structures, and then present a definition of system and analyse the basic constituent components of any system. I will subsequently apply the proposed idea of system and its internal modulations to philosophical systems to account for the different ways of understanding academic philosophy as systematic philosophy. To end, I will argue that the systematicity of academic philosophy does not necessarily imply any dogmatism, doctrinarism or metaphysical monism.
Loss of variable fascicle gearing during voluntary isometric contractions of paretic medial gastrocnemius muscles in male chronic stroke survivors
Authors: Son Jongsang , Rymer William Zev 
Published: August 2020

Key points
Maximum fascicle shortening/rotation was significantly decreased in paretic medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles compared to non‐paretic MG muscles.
The fascicle gear ratio on both sides decreased as the ankle became dorsiflexed, but the slope of the fascicle gear ratio over ankle joint angle was significantly lower on the paretic side.
The side‐to‐side slope difference was strongly correlated with the relative maximum joint torque and with the relative shear wave speed, suggesting that variable gearing may explain muscle weakness after stroke.
AbstractThe present study aimed to understand variable fascicle gearing during voluntary isometric contractions of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle in chronic stroke survivors. Using ultrasonography, we characterized fascicle behaviour on both paretic and non‐paretic sides during plantarflexion contractions at different intensities and at different ankle joint angles. Shear wave speed was also recorded from the MG muscle belly under passive conditions. Fascicle gear ratios were then calculated as the ratio of muscle belly shortening velocity to fascicle shortening velocity, and variable fascicle gearing was quantified from the slope of gear ratio vs. joint angle relations. This slope was used to establish associations with maximum joint torques and with shear wave speeds. At all measured angles, we found a significant reduction in both maximum fascicle shortening and maximum fascicle rotation on the paretic side compared to the non‐paretic side on our stroke survivor cohort. The fascicle rotation per fascicle shortening on the paretic side was also significantly smaller than on the non‐paretic side, especially at plantarflexed positions. Furthermore, the fascicle gear ratio on both sides decreased as the ankle became dorsiflexed, but the change in the fascicle gear ratio was significantly lower on the paretic side. The side‐to‐side difference in the gear ratio slope was also strongly correlated with the relative maximum joint torque and with the relative shear wave speed, suggesting that variable gearing may explain muscle weakness after stroke. Further studies are needed to investigate how muscular changes after stroke may impede variable gearing and adversely impact muscle performance.
Myosin dynamics during relaxation in mouse soleus muscle and modulation by 2′‐deoxy‐ATP
Authors: Ma Weikang , Childers Matthew , Murray Jason , Moussavi‐Harami Farid , Gong Henry , Weiss Robert , Daggett Valerie , Irving Thomas , Regnier Michael 
Published: August 2020

Key points
Skeletal muscle relaxation has been primarily studied by assessing the kinetics of force decay. Little is known about the resultant dynamics of structural changes in myosin heads during relaxation.
The naturally occurring nucleotide 2‐deoxy‐ATP (dATP) is a myosin activator that enhances cross‐bridge binding and kinetics.
X‐ray diffraction data indicate that with elevated dATP, myosin heads were extended closer to actin in relaxed muscle and myosin heads return to an ordered, resting state after contraction more quickly.
Molecular dynamics simulations of post‐powerstroke myosin suggest that dATP induces structural changes in myosin heads that increase the surface area of the actin‐binding regions promoting myosin interaction with actin, which could explain the observed delays in the onset of relaxation.
This study of the dATP‐induced changes in myosin may be instructive for determining the structural changes desired for other potential myosin‐targeted molecular compounds to treat muscle diseases.
AbstractHere we used time‐resolved small‐angle X‐ray diffraction coupled with force measurements to study the structural changes in FVB mouse skeletal muscle sarcomeres during relaxation after tetanus contraction. To estimate the rate of myosin deactivation, we followed the rate of the intensity recovery of the first‐order myosin layer line (MLL1) and restoration of the resting spacing of the third and sixth order of meridional reflection (SM3 and SM6) following tetanic contraction. A transgenic mouse model with elevated skeletal muscle 2‐deoxy‐ATP (dATP) was used to study how myosin activators may affect soleus muscle relaxation. X‐ray diffraction evidence indicates that with elevated dATP, myosin heads were extended closer to actin in resting muscle. Following contraction, there is a slight but significant delay in the decay of force relative to WT muscle while the return of myosin heads to an ordered resting state was initially slower, then became more rapid than in WT muscle. Molecular dynamics simulations of post‐powerstroke myosin suggest that dATP induces structural changes in myosin that increase the surface area of the actin‐binding regions, promoting myosin interaction with actin. With dATP, myosin heads may remain in an activated state near the thin filaments following relaxation, accounting for the delay in force decay and the initial delay in recovery of resting head configuration, and this could facilitate subsequent contractions.
Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Rotator Cuff: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Brumitt Jason , Hutchison Marcey Keefer , Kang Dan , Klemmer Zach , Stroud Mike , Cheng Edward , Cayanan Neil Patrick , Shishido Sheldon 
Published: August 2020

Context: Blood flow restriction (BFR) training utilizes a tourniquet, applied to the proximal portion of one or more extremities, to occlude blood flow during exercise. Significant gains in strength and cross-sectional area can be achieved in muscles, both distal and proximal to BFR cuff application. Purpose: To compare strength gains of the rotator cuff and changes in tendon size in subjects who performed side-lying external-rotation exercise with or without BFR. Methods: Forty-six subjects (mean age 25.0 [2.2] y) were randomized to either a BFR + exercise group or to the exercise-only group. Subjects performed 4 sets of the exercise (30/15/15/15 repetitions) at 30% 1-repetition maximum 2 days per week for 8 weeks. Results: Subjects in both groups experienced strength gains in the supraspinatus and the external rotators (P = .000, P = .000). However, there was no difference in strength gains between groups for the supraspinatus (P = .750) or the external rotators (P = .708). Subjects in both groups experienced increases in supraspinatus tendon thickness (BFR P = .041, exercise only P = .011). However, there was no difference between groups (P = .610). Conclusions: Exercise with BFR applied to the proximal upper extremity did not augment rotator cuff strength gains or tendon thickness when compared with subjects who only exercised. This study did demonstrate that performing multiple sets of high repetitions at a low load led to significant increases in rotator cuff strength and tendon size in the dominant upper extremity.
Small-Sided Games Are Not as Effective as Intermittent Running to Stimulate Aerobic Metabolism in Prepubertal Soccer Players
Authors: Massamba Anasthase , Dufour Stéphane P. , Favret Fabrice , Hureau Thomas J. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the soccer pitch area during small-sided games (SSG) in prepubertal children on physiological and technical demands, and to compare them, for the physiological demands, to high-intensity interval training (HIIT).Methods:Ten young soccer players (13.0 [0.3] y) performed a HIIT and 3 SSG of various field sizes (30 × 20 m, 42 × 38 m, and 51 × 34 m). Each SSG was performed with 5 players per team, during 4 × 4-minutes interspaced with 1 minute of passive recovery in between. HIIT also followed a 4 × 4-minute protocol with running speed set on an individual basis. Heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored during training sessions. For each exercise modality, time spent above 90% of HRmax(T≥90%,HRmax) was calculated, and technical actions were quantified during SSG by video analysis.Results:T≥90%,HRmaxwas similar between the 3 SSG (∼587 [276] s;P > .2) but 24% to 37% lower than during HIIT (826 [140] s,P < .05). Coefficients of variations in T≥90%,HRmaxwere 2.3 to 3.5 times larger in SSG compared with HIIT. For technical actions, greater number of possessions (21 [6] vs ∼14 [4]), and lower ball touches per possession (2.4 [0.6] vs ∼2.9 [0.6]) were found in the small SSG compared with larger SSG, respectively (P < .05).Conclusion:The 3 SSG led to lower acute stimulation of the aerobic metabolism, suggesting a lower potential for chronic aerobic adaptations, compared with HIIT. Moreover, interindividual variability in the physiological response was substantially greater in SSG compared with HIIT, indicating increased heterogeneity among players performing the same training protocol.