bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding modifications and additional primary caregiver support for infants exposed to Zika virus or diagnosed with congenital Zika syndrome: a rapid review of the evidence
Authors: Martinez Sabrina Sales , Pardo‐Hernandez Hector , Palacios Cristina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveInfants exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) or diagnosed with congenital Zika syndrome (CZVS) may present dysphagia, regurgitation and other feeding difficulties. They may require special feeding practices to minimise the risk of mortality, morbidity and developmental problems. Improving knowledge, skills and behaviours of caregivers may preserve health, maximise development and promote quality of life among affected infants. We reviewed intervention studies of modified feeding practices and additional primary caregiver support to improve outcomes among infants 0 to 12 months of age exposed to ZIKV or diagnosed with CZVS.MethodsRapid review and meta‐analysis. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE and contacted experts. The search is current to 18 July 2020. We planned a meta‐analysis using fixed‐effect models; if unfeasible, we intended to summarise studies narratively. We planned to assess risk of bias of included studies and quality of evidence using Cochrane guidance.ResultsWe identified 42 records for title and abstract screening; 14 were eligible for full‐text assessment. Among these, no intervention studies were found. Eight observational studies reported on the nutritional status, feeding practices and outcomes among infants affected by ZIKV or diagnosed with CZVS. They are presented and discussed to provide a basis for future research.ConclusionsWhile no intervention studies were found, evidence from eight observational studies highlights the need for early nutrition interventions and caregiver support among infants affected by ZIKV or diagnosed with CZSV. More research is needed to assess whether modifications of feeding practices and provision of additional primary caregiver support will impact outcomes of interest.
Real-Time Diagnostic Method of Gas Turbines Operating Under Transient Conditions in Hybrid Power Plants
Authors: Tsoutsanis Elias , Hamadache Moussa , Dixon Roger 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The expansion of renewable power plants has transformed the role and operation of gas turbines to a great extent. From the base load operation era, we are moving into a flexible and dynamic engine operation of gas turbines. Advances in computational intelligence have amplified the importance of condition monitoring, diagnostics, and prognostics capabilities in the face of gas turbine operation. Performing diagnostics in transient conditions is beneficial since the gas turbines are now acting as partners of renewables. This article presents a novel diagnostic approach for determining the health of a gas turbine when it works in conjunction with a wind farm in a hybrid power plant. In this article, we propose a model-based diagnostic method without reconstructing component maps according to their degradation. Once the engine model is adapted to its clean condition, it is tuned in real-time to reflect the changes in both the operation and degradation with respect to a benchmark engine model. Time evolving multiple component degradation scenarios are simulated to test the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. From a bank of simulated measurements, data trending is performed which facilitates the detection of degradation and provides useful conclusions about the health state of the engine. This diagnostic method is suitable for gas turbines that spend most of their life time in part-load and transient operation and it can be a useful tool for gas turbine operators in planning their assets maintenance in a computational efficient and accurate manner.
Nanoluciferase Reporter Mycobacteriophage for Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Susceptibility
Authors: Jain Paras , Garing Spencer , Verma Deepshikha , Saranathan Rajagopalan , Clute-Reinig Nicholas , Gadwa Jacob , Peterson Chelsea , Hermansky Gleda , Astashkina Fernandez Anna , Asare Emmanuel , Weisbrod Torin R. , Spencer Ethan , Mulholland Claire V. , Berney Michael , Bell David , Nichols Kevin P. , Le Ny Anne-Laure M. , Ordway Diane , Jacobs William R. , Somoskovi Akos , Minch Kyle J. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Phenotypic testing for drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is critical to basic research and managing the evolving problem of antimicrobial resistance in tuberculosis management, but it remains a specialized technique to which access is severely limited. Here, we report on the development and validation of an improved phage-mediated detection system for M. tuberculosis. We incorporated a nanoluciferase (Nluc) reporter gene cassette into the TM4 mycobacteriophage genome to create phage TM4-nluc. We assessed the performance of this reporter phage in the context of cellular limit of detection and drug susceptibility testing using multiple biosafety level 2 drug-sensitive and -resistant auxotrophs as well as virulent M. tuberculosis strains. For both limit of detection and drug susceptibility testing, we developed a standardized method consisting of a 96-hour cell preculture followed by a 72-hour experimental window for M. tuberculosis detection with or without antibiotic exposure. The cellular limit of detection of M. tuberculosis in a 96-well plate batch culture was ≤102 CFU. Consistent with other phenotypic methods for drug susceptibility testing, we found TM4-nluc to be compatible with antibiotics representing multiple classes and mechanisms of action, including inhibition of core central dogma functions, cell wall homeostasis, metabolic inhibitors, compounds currently in clinical trials (SQ109 and Q203), and susceptibility testing for bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid (components of the BPaL regimen for the treatment of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis). Using the same method, we accurately identified rifampin-resistant and multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains.
IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis disease, remains a public health crisis on a global scale, and development of new interventions and identification of drug resistance are pillars in the World Health Organization End TB Strategy. Leveraging the tractability of the TM4 mycobacteriophage and the sensitivity of the nanoluciferase reporter enzyme, the present work describes an evolution of phage-mediated detection and drug susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis, adding a valuable tool in drug discovery and basic biology research. With additional validation, this system may play a role as a quantitative phenotypic reference method and complement to genotypic methods for diagnosis and antibiotic susceptibility testing.
Horn‐induced traumatic caudoventral abdominal wall hernia management and repair in an adult Highland cow
Authors: Benham Caroline Knox , Doré Vincent , Mulon Pierre‐Yves 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYAn adult Highland cow weighing 380 kg presented following a five‐day history of inappetence, recumbency and trauma inflicted by herd‐mates. Physical exam demonstrated significant swelling of the right ventral abdomen with skin excoriations. Abdominal ultrasound of the bulging area indicated significant oedema within pockets, thinning of the right body wall compared with the left side, as well as accumulation of free abdominal fluid. Severe mastitis was noted in three quarters of its udder. The patient was stabilised with intravenous fluids, electrolytes and a belly band. It developed severe, haemorrhagic diarrhoea over the following days, and an exploratory laparotomy was performed. A complete 50 cm‐long abdominal wall laceration in the caudoventral right paralumbar fossa was repaired, and jejunal resection and anastomosis performed. The patient recovered with supportive care. Surgical complications included postoperative pneumonia and development of a surgical site infection. The patient maintains good quality of life.
Targeting Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations in Cancer: Emerging Evidence and Diverging Strategies
Authors: Waitkus Matthew S. , Yan Hai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) active-site mutations cause a neomorphic enzyme activity that results in the formation of supraphysiologic concentrations of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). D-2HG is thought to be an oncometabolite that drives the formation of cancers in a variety of tissue types by altering the epigenetic state of progenitor cells by inhibiting enzymes involved in histone and DNA demethylation. This model has led to the development of pharmacologic inhibitors of mutant IDH activity for anticancer therapy, which are now being tested in several clinical trials. Emerging evidence in preclinical glioma models suggests that the epigenetic changes induced by D-2HG may persist even after mutant IDH activity is inhibited and D-2HG has returned to basal levels. Therefore, these results have raised questions as to whether the exploitation of downstream synthetic lethal vulnerabilities, rather than direct inhibition of mutant IDH1, will prove to be a superior therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize the preclinical evidence in gliomas and other models on the induction and persistence of D-2HG–induced hypermethylation of DNA and histones, and we examine emerging lines of evidence related to altered DNA repair mechanisms in mutant IDH tumors and their potential for therapeutic exploitation.
Elevated Lp(a) (Lipoprotein[a]) Levels Increase Risk of 30-Day Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients Following Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Waissi Farahnaz , Dekker Mirthe , Timmerman Nathalie , Hoogeveen Renate M. , van Bennekom Joelle , Dzobo Kim E. , Schnitzler Johan G. , Pasterkamp Gerard , Grobbee Diederick E. , de Borst Gert J. , Stroes Erik S.G. , de Kleijn Dominique P.V. , Kroon Jeffrey 
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:
General population studies have shown that elevated Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) levels are an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease and subsequent cardiovascular events. The role of Lp(a) for the risk of secondary MACE in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is unknown. Our objective is to assess the association of elevated Lp(a) levels with the risk of secondary MACE in patients undergoing CEA.

Methods:
Lp(a) concentrations were determined in preoperative blood samples of 944 consecutive patients with CEA included in the Athero-Express Biobank Study. During 3-year follow-up, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), consisting of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death, were documented.

Results:

After 3 years follow-up, Kaplan-Meier cumulative event rates for MACE were 15.4% in patients with high Lp(a) levels (>137 nmol/L; >80th cohort percentile) and 10.2% in patients with low Lp(a) levels (≤137 nmol/L; ≤80th cohort percentile; log-rank test:
P
=0.047). Cox regression analyses adjusted for conventional cardiovascular risk factors revealed a significant association between high Lp(a) levels and 3-year MACE with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.69 (95% CI, 1.07–2.66). One-third of MACE occurred within 30 days after CEA, with an adjusted hazard ratio for the 30-day risk of MACE of 2.05 (95% CI, 1.01–4.17). Kaplan-Meier curves from time point 30 days to 3 years onward revealed no significant association between high Lp(a) levels and MACE. Lp(a) levels were not associated with histological carotid plaque characteristics.

Conclusions:
High Lp(a) levels (>137 nmol/L; >80th cohort percentile) are associated with an increased risk of 30-day MACE after CEA. This identifies elevated Lp(a) levels as a new potential risk factor for secondary cardiovascular events in patients after carotid surgery. Future studies are required to investigate whether Lp(a) levels might be useful in guiding treatment algorithms for carotid intervention.
Restoration of two Carabidae (Coleoptera) species from the Sistema Ibérico Ranges (North-Central Iberian Peninsula): Nebria (Nebria) urbionensis Arribas, 1991 and Zabrus (Iberozabrus) cameranus Arribas, 1994, bonae species
Authors: ORTUÑO VICENTE M. , ARRIBAS OSCAR 
Published: September 2020

Two endemic taxa of the Northern Iberian System have been rescued from synonymy using the study of external morphology by means of morphometric analysis and genital anatomy. The causes that possibly led to these two taxa erroneously being identified as synonyms are analysed in this research. In the case of Nebria (Nebria) urbionensis versus Nebria (Nebria) vuillefroyi, their confused relationship was caused by the handling of incorrectly labelled specimens and the subsequent interpolation of distribution areas, which led to overestimating the extent of N. (N.) vuillefroyi to the detriment of recognizing N. (N.) urbionensis as a valid species. According to the criterion that is defended in this work, both taxa are steno-endemic and, therefore, deserve protection due to their reduced habitats. The principle of authority applied by experts, based on an error, may, in this case, have been amplified and contributed to chronify the error. The second case under review is Zabrus (Iberozabrus) cameranus versus Zabrus (Iberozabrus) laurae, which in a recent study of genus Zabrus, were subjected to a totally unjustified synonymy. The origin of such a taxonomic decision must be sought in the concatenation of a series of errors: the number and origin of the specimens studied do not adequately justify the statements and conclusions expressed in the text, the use of a single character (internal sac of the aedeagus) while ignoring other morphological characters, an inadequate taxonomic praxis, and the elaboration of conclusions based on the lack of supposedly-derived characters (that is, relying on symplesiomorphies). All of this does not point towards an adequate reconstruction of the genus systematics. The uni- and multivariate biometric study, together with the morphological features that are contributed in this work (added to those already recognized initially for these species), allow to affirm that, although the taxa in discussion are nearby species and possibly sister taxa, they are perfectly valid: Nebria (Nebria) urbionensis stat. res.; Zabrus (Iberozabrus) cameranus stat. res. In addition to the morphological differences, both species diverge respectively from N. (N.) vuillefroyi and Z. (I.) laurae by 2% of the COI 1 gene sequence. The geographical ranges of Nebria (N.) urbionensis and Zabrus (I.) cameranus are confined to the Sistema Ibérico Septentrional, and are separated by the high Duero Valley from the ranges of N. (N.) vuillefroyi and Z. (I.) laurae, which are located in the Central System.
An employee perspective of human resource development practices in the public sector: the role of organizational and supervisor support
Authors: Mylona Evangelia , Mihail Dimitrios 
Published: September 2020

This article adopts an employee-level perspective, which is currently lacking in the public sector literature, and responds to the call for additional research concerning factors that affect public employees’ job attitudes and work behaviours. Based on a survey of civil servants, this study explored the antecedents and outcomes of perceived investment in employee development. Our research demonstrates the significant role of organizational support on employees’ perceptions of development. Furthermore, supervisor support mediated the relationship between organizational support and perceived investment in employee development. This finding sheds light on the role of supervisors as agents who represent or personify the organization. Also, consistent with the job demands–resources model and social exchange theory, we indicate that public employees within a workplace that provides substantial training and developmental incentives are more likely to report greater levels of organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour. Perceived investment in employee development was found to act as an important mediator between the relationships of organizational support and employees’ outcomes, and supervisor support and employees’ outcomes. Points for practitioners When human resources budgets are increasingly restricted, non-monetary motivators can be a feasible alternative to high-cost financial rewards. It is suggested that not only will employee development practices benefit public organizations in terms of better-trained and better-qualified employees, but employees’ perceptions of organizations’ investments in employee development also create a felt obligation among public employees to reciprocate with positive job attitudes and work behaviours.
Prevention of intra-abdominal adhesions by a hyaluronic acid gel; an experimental study in rats
Authors: van Steensel Sebastiaan , Liu Hong , Vercoulen Timon FG , Hadfoune M’hamed , Breukink Stephanie O , Stassen Laurents PS , Lenaerts Kaatje , Bouvy Nicole D 
Published: September 2020

Background In 80% to 90% of the patients intra-abdominal adhesions occur after abdominal surgery, which can cause small-bowel obstruction, chronic abdominal pain, female infertility and difficulty during reoperation. A novel crosslinked hyaluronic acid gel is evaluated regarding its anti-adhesive capacities in an ischemic button model in rats. Method 51 adult, male Wistar rats from a registered breeder, received eight ischemic buttons each and were treated with hyaluronic acid gel (HA, HyaRegen©), hyaluronic acid carboxymethylcellulose (HA-CMC, Seprafilm©) or no anti-adhesive barrier. After 14 days, the animals were sacrificed and adhesions were scored macroscopically. The number of buttons and organs involved in adhesions were recorded. Per animal, one button with adhesions and one without adhesions was explanted for qPCR analysis. Mann-Whitney U, Fisher’s exact and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for data analysis. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results Macroscopic evaluation of adhesion formation did not differ between the groups. The number of organs involved in adhesions in the HA gel group was significantly lower compared to HA-CMC (p = .041) and the control group (p = .012). A significantly, 1.36-fold higher clec10a (p = 0.25), 1.80-fold higher cd163 (p = 0.003) and 5.14-fold higher mmp1 expression (p = 0.028) was found in ischemic buttons with adhesions compared to buttons without adhesions. Conclusion HA gel application reduces the number of organs involved in adhesions in an ischemic button model, but no overall reduction in adhesion formation was encountered. Macrophage subtype 2 polarization and high mmp1 expression are associated with adhesion formation. Further investigation is needed in the exact pathophysiologic process of adhesion formation and the role of macrophage polarization.
Autopsy study of pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis with inflammatory cell infiltration into the myocardium
Authors: Omori Taku , Nakamori Shiro , Ohta‐Ogo Keiko , Matsuda Akimasa , Ogihara Yoshito , Yamada Norikazu , Imanaka‐Yoshida Kyoko , Ito Masaaki , Dohi Kaoru 
Published: September 2020

Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis is a rare form of pulmonary artery hypertension; to date, only few descriptions of myocardial pathology in pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis have been reported in the literature. We report the case of a Japanese female patient who was diagnosed with pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis combined with acute myocardial inflammation on performing autopsy. She was admitted to our hospital because of acute pneumonia and subsequently suddenly developed severe hypoxemia with breathing difficulty and died 13 days after admission. At autopsy, the histology of the lung was consistent with pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis. Additionally, a diffuse severe infiltration of inflammatory cells was associated with edema in the myocardium. Myocytolysis was limited and fibrosis was absent. To the best of our knowledge, pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis with acute myocarditis‐like histological findings has been described for the first time through our case.
UEG framework for the development of high‐quality clinical guidelines
Authors: Boltin Doron , Lambregts Doenja MJ , Jones Fiona , Siterman Matan , Bonovas Stefanos , Cornberg Markus , Khannoussi Wafaa , Doherty Glen ,   Quality of Care Taskforce UEG
Published: September 2020

The 48 national member societies and 17 specialist member societies which operate under the umbrella of United European Gastroenterology (UEG) increasingly develop clinical practice guidelines for both national and international implementation. The methodologies and strategies used in these guidelines vary considerably. The UEG Quality of Care Taskforce aimed to provide a framework for quality guidelines in order to assist member societies in the process of developing guidelines, and to provide a tool for readers of guidelines to critically appraise their quality. We outline the steps necessary to begin the guideline development process, how to build working groups, how to search for evidence, how to grade the quality of the evidence, how to reach consensus on statements and how to write the guideline document. We believe that using this framework will increase the potential to produce a high‐quality guideline which is transparent, independent, reproducible and implementable.
Chorioamnionitis induces enteric nervous system injury: effects of timing and inflammation in the ovine fetus
Authors: Heymans C. , de Lange I. H. , Lenaerts K. , Kessels L. C. G. A. , Hadfoune M. , Rademakers G. , Melotte V. , Boesmans W. , Kramer B. W. , Jobe A. H. , Saito M. , Kemp M. W. , van Gemert W. G. , Wolfs T. G. A. M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Chorioamnionitis, inflammation of the chorion and amnion, which often results from intrauterine infection, is associated with premature birth and contributes to significant neonatal morbidity and mortality, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Recently, we have shown that chronic chorioamnionitis is associated with significant structural enteric nervous system (ENS) abnormalities that may predispose to later NEC development. Understanding time point specific effects of an intra-amniotic (IA) infection on the ENS is important for further understanding the pathophysiological processes and for finding a window for optimal therapeutic strategies for an individual patient. The aim of this study was therefore to gain insight in the longitudinal effects of intrauterine LPS exposure (ranging from 5 h to 15 days before premature delivery) on the intestinal mucosa, submucosa, and ENS in fetal lambs by use of a well-established translational ovine chorioamnionitis model.

Methods
We used an ovine chorioamnionitis model to assess outcomes of the fetal ileal mucosa, submucosa and ENS following IA exposure to one dose of 10 mg LPS for 5, 12 or 24 h or 2, 4, 8 or 15 days.

Results
Four days of IA LPS exposure causes a decreased PGP9.5- and S100β-positive surface area in the myenteric plexus along with submucosal and mucosal intestinal inflammation that coincided with systemic inflammation. These changes were preceded by a glial cell reaction with early systemic and local gut inflammation. ENS changes and inflammation recovered 15 days after the IA LPS exposure.

Conclusions
The pattern of mucosal and submucosal inflammation, and ENS alterations in the fetus changed over time following IA LPS exposure. Although ENS damage seemed to recover after prolonged IA LPS exposure, additional postnatal inflammatory exposure, which a premature is likely to encounter, may further harm the ENS and influence functional outcome. In this context, 4 to 8 days of IA LPS exposure may form a period of increased ENS vulnerability and a potential window for optimal therapeutic strategies.