bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local excision after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus total mesorectal excision: a case‐matched study in 110 selected high‐risk patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Calmels M. , Collard M. K. , Cazelles A. , Frontali A. , Maggiori L. , Panis Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this comparative study was to report a 10‐year experience of an organ preservation strategy by local excision (LE) in selected high‐risk patients (aged patients and/or patients with severe comorbidity and/or indication for abdominoperineal excision) versus total mesorectal excision (TME) after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) for patients with locally advanced (T3–T4 and/or N+) low and mid rectal cancer with suspicion of complete tumour response (CTR) or near‐CTR.MethodThirty‐nine patients with rectal cancer who underwent LE after RCT for suspicion of CTR were matched to 71 patients who underwent TME according to body mass index, gender, tumour location and ypTNM stage. Operative, oncological and functional results were compared between groups.ResultsIn the LE group, ypT0, ypTis or ypT1N0R0 were noted in 28/39 (72%). Overall morbidity was observed in 10/39 (26%) in LE vs 46/71 in the TME group (65%) (P = 0.001). Severe morbidity (Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3) was noted in 1/39 patients from the LE group (3%) vs 3/71 (4%) from the TME group (P = 1.000). After a mean follow‐up of 63 ± 4 months (range 56–70 months), local recurrence was noted in 2/39 (5%) from the LE group vs 2/71 (3%) from the TME group (P = 0.601). Definitive stoma was noted in 2/39 (6%) from the LE group vs 8/71 (12%) from the TME group (P = 0.489). Major low anterior resection syndrome was noted in 5/23 (22%) from LE group vs 11/33 (33%) from the TME group (P = 0.042).ConclusionThe accuracy of response prediction after RCT was 72% after LE. In high‐risk patients, LE represents a safe alternative to TME with better functional results and the same long‐term oncological outcome.
Meta‐analysis of the demographic and prognostic significance of right‐sided versus left‐sided acute diverticulitis
Authors: Hajibandeh S. , Hajibandeh S. , Smart N. J. , Maw A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to compare demographic factors, outcomes and prognosis for right‐sided versus left‐sided acute colonic diverticulitis.MethodWe searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Scopus and unpublished literature to identify all observational studies comparing demographic factors and outcomes of right‐sided versus left‐sided acute colonic diverticulitis (PROSPERO registration number CRD42020180075). We used the QUIPS tool to assess the risk of bias of included studies. Random effects modelling was applied to calculate pooled outcome data.ResultsAnalysis of 2933 patients from nine studies suggests that right‐sided diverticulitis affects younger patients [mean difference (MD)  −14.16 (−17.19, −11.14), P < 0.00001] and more male patients [odds ratio (OR) 1.33 (1.04, 1.71), P = 0.02] compared with left‐sided diverticulitis. Smoking [OR 2.23 (1.50, 3.32), P < 0.0001], alcohol consumption [OR 1.85 (1.26, 2.71), P = 0.002] and comorbidity [OR 0.21 (0.15, 0.30), P < 0.00001] were more common in patients with right‐sided diverticulitis. The risk of complicated diverticulitis was lower in the right‐sided group [OR 0.21 (0.08, 0.55), P = 0.001]. More patients in the right‐sided diverticulitis group had modified Hinchey Stage I disease [OR 10.21 (3.34, 31.22), P < 0.0001] while more patients in the left‐sided group had Stage II [OR 0.19 (0.10, 0.38), P < 0.00001], Stage III [OR 0.08 (0.01, 0.54), P = 0.009] or Stage IV disease [OR 0.02 (0.00, 0.08), P < 0.00001]. Right‐sided diverticulitis was associated with a lower risk of recurrence [OR 0.49 (0.25, 0.98), P = 0.04], failure of conservative management [OR 0.14 (0.04, 0.43), P = 0.0006], the need for emergency surgery [OR 0.13 (0.05, 0.36), P < 0.00001] and a shorter length of hospital stay [MD −1.70 (−3.08, −0.33), P = 0.02].ConclusionRight‐sided acute diverticulitis predominantly affects younger male patients compared with left‐sided disease and is associated with favourable outcomes as indicated by the lower risk of complications, failure of conservative management, need for emergency surgery, recurrence and shorter length of hospital stay. More studies are required to compare the postoperative outcomes in patients with right‐sided and left‐sided diverticulitis undergoing emergency surgery.
Public education materials about Vascular Composite Allotransplantation and donation in the United States: Current scope and limitations
Authors: Van Pilsum Rasmussen Sarah E. , Uriarte Jefferson , Anderson Naomi , Doby Brianna , Ferzola Alexander , Sung Hannah , Cooney Carisa , Brandacher Gerald , Gordon Elisa , Segev Dorry L. , Henderson Macey L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs the field of Vascular Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) grows, demand for VCA donations will increase. The public should be made aware of this treatment option to support patients' informed decision‐making and authorization for deceased donation. We assessed the availability and quality of existing VCA public education materials from organ procurement organizations (OPOs), transplant centers, the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network, Veterans Affairs, and the Department of Defense. A content analysis was performed to identify topics covered and important gaps. In total, 1314 public education materials were analyzed, including OPO Facebook posts (61.6%), OPO Twitter posts (29.9%), websites (6.4%), and written documents (eg, fact sheets, research reports) (2.1%). Upper extremity (34.7%) and face (34.5%) transplants were more commonly covered than reproductive (6.4%) or other VCA types (2.8%). Most materials (76.6%) referenced a specific VCA story. However, few materials described which patient population could benefit from VCA (eg, Veterans, amputees, burn victims, 16.4%), the authorization requirements for VCA donation (6.6%), or the appearance of transplanted VCA organs (1.2%). Current VCA public education materials do not adequately educate the public. More comprehensive education materials are needed to prepare the public to authorize VCA donation, become potential donors, or learn about transplant options.
A critical scoping review about the impact of music in the lives of young adults who use drugs
Authors: Cournoyer Lemaire Elise , Loignon Christine , Bertrand Karine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIssuesMusic is among the most frequently used medium to promote young adults' well‐being. To that aim, the efficiency of music is explained by its capacity to modulate emotions through its effect on the brain's reward pathways. Hence, music could help individuals suffering from dysregulations in these pathways, whose experience of positive emotions is often inhibited. Such dysregulations are particularly present in individuals with problematic psychoactive substance (PAS) use, who are overrepresented in the context of homelessness. While few of them initiate treatment, they successfully rely on their own resources to promote their well‐being, including music, though its impact in this context remains under‐studied.ApproachThis scoping review describes the impact of music on the well‐being, PAS use and addictive trajectory of young housed and homeless individuals with problematic PAS use. Eleven French and English databases were screened for peer‐reviewed articles using concepts and keywords related to music, PAS and well‐being. From the 3697 results, 39 were reviewed. Results were organised according to the observed impact of music and analysed critically.Key FindingsLiterature shows that PAS users value the impact of music in meeting emotional, psychological and social needs, especially when they experience homelessness. Yet, research has been highly limited to the harmful consequences of music, limiting our knowledge of its potential benefits.Implications and ConclusionTo deepen our understanding about the impact of music, future research should endorse a broader perspective and consider the personal and contextual experiences accompanying the involvement in music, factors that were traditionally overlooked.
Less adolescent alcohol and cannabis use: More deviant user groups?
Authors: Pape Hilde , Rossow Ingeborg 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsAdolescent drinking and cannabis use in Norway declined in the 2000s, and we tested the assumption that psychosocial problems were more strongly related to substance use when the prevalence was quite low (2012/2013) than when it was considerably higher (2002).Design and MethodsData stemmed from school surveys of almost 20 000 students aged 14–17 years in 2002 and 2012/2013 in the four largest cities in Norway. We assessed how various deviant behaviours and depressive mood were related to past‐year measures on any alcohol intoxication, frequent intoxication (6+ times) and any cannabis use, and tested whether the associations varied significantly by survey year.ResultsThe prevalence of any intoxication episodes dropped markedly from 2002 (50%) to 2012/2013 (28%), as did the prevalence of frequent intoxication (29% vs. 10%) and any cannabis use (15% vs. 7%). Deviant behaviours and depressive mood were either more closely related to the drinking outcomes in 2012/2013 than in 2002, or the associations showed no temporal change. None of the associations with cannabis use varied significantly by survey year.Discussion and ConclusionThe assumption that psychosocial problems correlated more strongly with alcohol and cannabis use in a low‐prevalence period (2012/2013) as compared to a high‐prevalence period (2002) was partly supported, but only with respect to drinking. The strength of the associations with cannabis use was stable, which may reflect that the proportion reporting any use of the drug was low even in the relatively ‘high‐prevalence’ period.
The challenges of comparative theology: An assessment of Kärkkäinen's Doing the work of comparative theology
Authors: Hofstad Lynn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDoing the Work of Comparative Theology by Veli‐Matti Kärkkäinen seeks to do the work of understanding the parallels, similarities, and differences between Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism through comparative theology. Comparative theology differs from comparative religion in that it investigates other religious traditions from the perspective of a particular tradition, rather than approaching all of the traditions from the outside. This approach, however, presents unique challenges, specifically, maintaining the same approach to a topic regardless of the tradition being explored, and presenting each tradition without universalizing the beliefs of the tradition as a whole.
Remembering the Summer of 2020
Authors: Denton‐Borhaug Kelly 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHow will historians and theologians remember the summer of 2020? This article leverages a socio‐ethical analysis and response to twenty years of sacralized and sacrificial U.S. war‐culture, and the meaning of this history, given the shifting cultural tectonic plates in the summer of 2020, and intersecting social ills of climate crisis, racism, inequality, and pandemic.
Creation and humanity: Veli‐Matti Kärkäinen's answer to the ultimate question
Authors: Tóth Viktor J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on the third volume of Vel‐Matti Kärkkäinen's systematic theology, titled Creation and Humanity. After a brief overview of the volume the article offers some clarification on the tenth chapter, especially on its interaction with paleontology. After that, two constructive observations follow. The first is related to Kärkkäinen's notion of the embeddedness of human nature, and the second is to further employ systems thinking in his constructive work on creation and human evolution.
Autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 further stratify the autoantibody‐defined risk for type 1 diabetes in a general population of schoolchildren and have distinctive isoform binding patterns in different forms of autoimmune diabetes: results from the Karlsburg Type 1 Diabetes Risk Study
Authors: Baumann K. , Kesselring K. , Lampasona V. , Walschus U. , Kerner W. , Wassmuth R. , Schlosser M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the diagnostic relevance of autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) in schoolchildren from the general population as well as in people with autoimmune diabetes.MethodsA total of 137 schoolchildren positive for at least one of the three major diabetes‐associated autoantibodies, without diabetes heredity or preselection on HLA typing, from the Karlsburg Type 1 Diabetes Risk Study, as well as 102 people at type 1 diabetes onset, 88 people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and 119 people with type 2 diabetes, were analysed for different ZnT8 autoantibody variants.ResultsZinc transporter 8 autoantibody positivity was found in 18% of autoantibody‐positive schoolchildren, with a noticeable association with other autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes and disease progression. Furthermore, ZnT8 autoantibody positivity was associated with diabetes progression in schoolchildren positive for autoantibodies against insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 (IA‐2) and, importantly, in seven IA‐2 autoantibody‐negative schoolchildren. Additionally, ZnT8 autoantibodies were found in 56% of people with type 1 diabetes, predominantly directed against all three ZnT8 variants and comparable to schoolchildren with multiple autoantibodies. In contrast, ZnT8 autoantibodies were detected in 10% of people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, none of them with reactivity to all three isoforms.ConclusionZinc transporter 8 autoantibodies are useful markers for prediction of type 1 diabetes in a general population, further stratifying the risk of progression in autoantibody‐positive children. ZnT8 autoantibodies are also important markers in adult‐onset diabetes, with a completely different reaction pattern in type 1 diabetes in comparison to latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, and may therefore help to differentiate between the two forms.
Simultaneous EEG and pupillary evidence for post‐error arousal during a speeded performance task
Authors: Compton Rebecca J. , Gearinger Dylan , Wild Hannah , Rette Danielle , Heaton Elizabeth C. , Histon Stephanie , Thiel Pablo , Jaskir Marc 
Published: August 2020

AbstractArousal evoked by detecting a performance error may provide a mechanism by which error detection leads to either adaptive or maladaptive changes in attention and performance. By pairing EEG data acquisition with simultaneous measurements of pupil diameter, which is thought to reflect norepinephrinergic arousal, this study tested whether transient changes in EEG oscillations in the alpha frequency range (8–12 Hz) following performance mistakes may reflect error‐evoked arousal. In the inter‐trial interval following performance mistakes (approximately 8% of trials), pupil diameter increased and EEG alpha power decreased, compared to the inter‐trial interval following correct responses. Moreover when trials were binned based on pupil diameter on a within‐subjects basis, trials with greater pupil diameter were associated with lower EEG alpha power during the inter‐trial interval. This pattern of association suggests that error‐related alpha suppression, like pupil dilation, reflects arousal in response to error commission. Errors were also followed by worse next‐trial performance, implying that error‐evoked arousal may not always be beneficial for adaptive control.
A fingerprint of climate change across pine forests of Sweden
Authors: Oleksyn Jacek , Wyka Tomasz P. , Żytkowiak Roma , Zadworny Marcin , Mucha Joanna , Dering Monika , Ufnalski Krzysztof , Nihlgård Bengt , Reich Peter B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimate change has likely altered high‐latitude forests globally, but direct evidence remains rare. Here we show that throughout a ≈1000‐km transect in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests in Sweden, mature trees in ≈2015 had longer needles with shorter lifetimes than did trees in ≈1915. These century‐scale shifts in needle traits were detected by sampling needles at 74 sites from 2012 to 2017 along the same transect where needle traits had been assessed at 57 sites in 1914–1915. Climate warming of ≈1 °C all along the transect in the past century has driven this temporal shift in foliage traits known to be physiologically critical to growth and carbon cycling processes. These century‐scale changes in Scandinavian Scots pine forests represent a fingerprint of climate change on a fundamental biological element, the leaf, with repercussions for productivity and sensitivity to future climate, which are likely to be mirrored by similar changes for evergreen conifers across the boreal biome.
Health‐related quality of life 90 days after stroke assessed by the International Consortium for Health Outcome Measurement standard set
Authors: Rimmele D. L. , Lebherz L. , Frese M. , Appelbohm H. , Bartz H.‐J. , Kriston L. , Gerloff C. , Härter M. , Thomalla G. 
Published: August 2020

Background and purposeStroke has detrimental effects in multiple health domains not captured by routine scales. The International Consortium for Health Outcome Measurement has developed a standardized set for self‐reported assessment to overcome this limitation. The aim was to assess this set in acute stroke care.MethodsConsecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack or intracerebral hemorrhage were enrolled. Demographics, living situation and cardiovascular risk factors were collected from medical records and interviews. The Patient‐reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 10‐Question Short Form (PROMIS‐10) and the Patient Health Questionnaire‐4 (PHQ‐4) were conducted 90 days after admission. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of outcome. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03795948.ResultsIn all, 1064 patients were enrolled; mean age was 71.6 years, 51% were female, and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission was 3. Diagnosis was acute ischaemic stroke in 74%, transient ischaemic attack in 20% and intracerebral hemorrhage in 6%. 673 patients were available for outcome evaluation at 90 days; of these 90 (13%) had died. In survivors, t scores of PROMIS‐10 physical and mental health were 40.3 ± 6.17 and 44.3 ± 8.63, compared to 50 ± 10 in healthy populations. 16% reported symptoms indicating depression or anxiety on the PHQ‐4. Higher NIHSS, prior stroke and requiring help pre‐stroke predicted lower values in physical and mental health scores. Higher NIHSS and diabetes were associated with anxiety or depression.ConclusionsIntegrated in the routine of acute stroke care, systematic assessment of patient‐reported outcomes reveals impairments in physical and mental health. Main predictors are severity of stroke symptoms and comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes.
Functional or not functional; that’s the question
Authors: Lagrand T. , Tuitert I. , Klamer M. , van der Meulen A. , van der Palen J. , Kramer G. , Tijssen M. 
Published: August 2020

Background and purposeFunctional movement disorders (FMDs) pose a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Over the years several associated features have been shown to be suggestive for FMDs. Which features mentioned in the literature are discriminative between FMDs and non‐FMDs were examined in a large cohort. In addition, a preliminary prediction model distinguishing these disorders was developed based on differentiating features.MethodMedical records of all consecutive patients who visited our hyperkinetic outpatient clinic from 2012 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and 12 associated features in FMDs versus non‐FMDs were compared. An independent t test for age of onset and Pearson chi‐squared analyses for all categorical variables were performed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to develop a preliminary predictive model for FMDs.ResultsA total of 874 patients were eligible for inclusion, of whom 320 had an FMD and 554 a non‐FMD. Differentiating features between these groups were age of onset, sex, psychiatric history, family history, more than one motor phenotype, pain, fatigue, abrupt onset, waxing and waning over long term, and fluctuations during the day. Based on these a preliminary predictive model was computed with a discriminative value of 91%.DiscussionTen associated features are shown to be not only suggestive but also discriminative between hyperkinetic FMDs and non‐FMDs. Clinicians can use these features to identify patients suspected for FMDs and can subsequently alert them to test for positive symptoms at examination. Although a first preliminary model has good predictive accuracy, further validation should be performed prospectively in a multi‐center study.
Effect of cell‐free spent media prepared from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on the growth of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in co‐species biofilms
Authors: Bachtiar Endang W. , Bachtiar Boy M. 
Published: August 2020

This study explored the influence of cell‐free spent media prepared from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans LuxS mutant (Aa‐LuxS), its wild type strain (Aa‐WT), and the laboratory strain (Aa‐Y4), on the interaction between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans while growing in co‐species biofilm for 48 h. By analyzing the results of crystal violet staining, [3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assays, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we found that the presence of Aa‐LuxS in treated biofilms did not affect biofilm development, while added Aa‐WT or Aa‐Y4 resulted in a significant decrease in both biofilm mass and the number of cells. The inhibitory effect of Aa‐WT or Aa‐Y4 was not dependent on the protein concentration in the spent media tested (1 and 10%). Gene transcription analyses indicated that Aa‐WT/Aa‐Y4 exhibits comparable inhibitory effects on the expression of hyphal‐associated genes (ALS3 and HWP1), but not on the expression of YWP1, which encodes a yeast form of C. albicans. In contrast, except for gtfD, the expression of S. mutans gtfB/C genes encoding glucosyltransferase was not affected in Aa‐WT and Aa‐Y4 treated biofilms compared to the levels found in Aa‐LuxS treated biofilms. Our results indicate that AI‐2‐containing spent media derived from Aa can reduce biofilm biomass without significantly inhibiting the survival rate of S. mutans.
Individual plasticity drives boldness senescence in a territorial butterfly
Authors: Kaiser Aurélien , Eymard Manon , Merckx Thomas , Van Dyck Hans 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMost behavioural traits show plastic responses to changes in internal or external conditions. Similarly, animal personality is not necessarily fixed during an individual's lifetime, leading to age‐related changes. Both individual plasticity (i.e., within‐individual effect) and non‐random selective (dis)appearance of behavioural types (i.e., between‐individual effect) may contribute to age‐related changes observed at the population level. Here, we investigated how boldness changes with age in a woodland population of the Speckled wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria L.) using a capture–mark–recapture approach. We used wing wear as an index for age and we show that fresh individuals are bolder than worn individuals. Using the subsample of recaptured butterflies, we found that this pattern is most likely driven by individual plasticity. Our design also allowed us to explore some aspects of the species' spatial ecology and how it relates to personality. We found no relationship between boldness and net displacement between successive captures, a finding which we discuss within a movement ecology framework.