bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secrets of Longevity: How Membrane Properties Affect Long‐Term Performance
Authors: Liu Charles , Glovinsky David 
Published: March 2020

Key TakeawaysGiven their life cycle cost and ability to meet more stringent water quality requirements, low‐pressure membranes are increasingly replacing granular media filters.Two important characteristics determine a membrane's service life: its physical strength and its permeability.While there are many factors at play in membranes’ long‐term performance, the importance of their structural and morphological characteristics should be recognized.
Clinical research on behavioral activation as treatment for post‐traumatic stress disorder: A brief review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Flint Daniel D. , Ferrell Emily L. , Engelman Joel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBehavioral activation (BA), an effective treatment for depression, has recently been receiving attention as a possible intervention for PTSD. BA interventions could be particularly useful in treating underserved populations (i.e., individuals with lower socioeconomic status). A literature search was conducted, which identified seven outcome studies that examined the effectiveness of stand‐alone BA treatment for individuals with PTSD. All studies identified for this brief review demonstrated clinically significant reductions in PTSD symptoms using BA as an intervention. A meta‐analysis of these few studies revealed a nonsignificant effect (Cohen's d = 0.713, p = .512) despite reporting an average symptom reduction of 25.8%. Other studies utilizing BA treatment for PTSD do so in tandem with other interventions and were excluded from analysis. This brief review summarizes the literature on the use of BA as a stand‐alone treatment for PTSD and suggests that future research seek to confirm the usefulness of BA as a potential treatment modality for mental health‐care providers treating individuals with PTSD.
Teenagers and their Sexual Partners: What Age Difference Should Raise Concerns of Sexual Exploitation?
Authors: Cook Louise , Mott Alison 
Published: March 2020

Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is often characterised by a power imbalance between the abuser and the child. Age difference is one of the power imbalances observed. However, there is no clear guidance on what age difference should raise concern. This article provides empirical evidence on age difference observed between: (a) teenagers (13–17‐year‐olds) who have attended a sexual health clinic and their partners; and (b) teenagers who are already known to children's services owing to significant concerns of sexual exploitation and their partners.The findings provide recommendations on age cut‐offs that are more likely to be suggestive of the risk of CSE. The paper concludes that an age difference of four years or more for 13–16‐year‐olds and six years or more for 17‐year‐olds should alert professionals to the possibility of exploitation. Overall, about two per cent of teenagers seen in a general sexual health clinic population had partners meeting these age cut‐offs compared with 31.4 per cent of those for whom there were already significant CSE concerns. These age cut‐offs can support professionals, especially those with little or no experience or knowledge of CSE, to make an informed professional judgement.‘Provide[s] recommendations on age cut‐offs that are more likely to be suggestive of the risk of CSE’Key Practitioner Messages

A holistic approach to determining a young person's risk of sexual exploitation should include consideration of the age of the partner.
Age ‘cut‐offs’ can help professionals decide what age difference should trigger concern and support decision‐making.
We recommend age difference ‘cut‐offs’ of four years or more for 13–16‐year‐olds and six years or more for 17‐year‐olds.
Co‐Reactant and Annihilation Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of [Ir(df‐ppy)2(ptb)]+ Derivatives
Authors: Soulsby Lachlan C. , Agugiaro Johnny , Wilson David J. D. , Hayne David J. , Doeven Egan H. , Chen Lifen , Pham Tien T. , Connell Timothy U. , Driscoll Aaron J. , Henderson Luke C. , Francis Paul S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe [Ir(df‐ppy)2(ptb)]+ complex (where df‐ppy=2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridine anion; ptb=1‐benzyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐ylpyridine) has previously been shown to be a promising blue luminophore for electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). Herein, we examine the ECL of three [Ir(df‐ppy)2(ptb)]+ derivatives (containing df(CF3)‐ppy‐Me, df(CN)‐ppy, or df‐ppy‐CF3 ligands) in comparison with the parent complex. In the annihilation mode, all four complexes exhibited ECL, although the emission from [Ir(df(CN)‐ppy)2(ptb)]+ was weak and red‐shifted from its photoluminescence. The absence of this shift in the corresponding reductive‐oxidation co‐reactant ECL with benzoyl peroxide (BPO), and the very low ECL intensity in oxidative–reductive co‐reactant ECL with tri‐n‐propylamine (TPrA) enables this effect to be ascribed to oxidative degradation. The [Ir(df‐ppy‐CF3)2(ptb)]+ complex gave the greatest ECL intensities of the four [Ir
2(ptb)]+ complexes in the annihilation mode and through both co‐reactant pathways, and shows great potential as a blue electrochemiluminophore. In “mixed annihilation” ECL experiments involving the oxidation of Ir(ppy)3 and the reduction of the [Ir
2(ptb)]+ complexes, only [Ir(df‐ppy)2(ptb)]+ and [Ir(df(CF3)‐ppy‐Me)2(ptb)]+ elicited the green ECL from Ir(ppy)3*, as the electron‐withdrawing substituents on the other two complexes lower the SOMO energy of the reduced complexes below that required to attain the Ir(ppy)3* excited state upon reaction with [Ir(ppy)3]+.
Different strategies for the use of random forest in NMR spectra
Authors: Lovatti Betina P.O. , Nascimento Márcia H.C. , Rainha Karla P. , Oliveira Emanuele C.S. , Neto Álvaro C. , Castro Eustáquio V.R. , Filgueiras Paulo R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can provide a large amount of information about an analyzed sample; however, its spectra contain above 6000 variables, making it difficult for random forest (RF) applications. Reducing the size of the original dataset can minimize this problem. In this paper, we compared RF classification models obtained with full NMR spectral range and from the reduction of NMR variables, using principal component analysis (PCA) and the Fisher discriminant (FD). Then, the variables used in the construction of RF trees were analyzed and identified. Here, we used 1H and 13C NMR spectra obtained from 126 petroleum samples and values of their total acidy number (TAN), as measured by ASTM D664, ranging from 0.03 to 4.96 mg KOH· g−1, to distinguish the oil samples from the TAN values. Of two classes that resulted, the first contained 78 samples with TAN values less than, or equal to, 0.3 mg KOH· g−1, while the second contained 48 samples with TAN values higher than 0.3 mg KOH· g−1. The 1H NMR results showed that the combination of FD and RF techniques provided the best accuracy (88%). For 13C NMR data, the most accurate model was obtained by the association of PCA and RF (84%). The identification of variables used in RF allowed a better understanding of the important chemical data contained in the spectra and the relationship to TAN in petroleum.
Mixture robust L1 probabilistic principal component regression and soft sensor application
Authors: Zhu Pengbo , Yang Xianqiang , Zhang Hang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the multivariate Laplace distribution (also called L1 distribution) is adopted to construct a robust probabilistic principal component regression model (MRPPCR‐L1) under multiple operating modes. In the practical industrial chemistry process, outliers exist due to incorrect recording, disturbances, and process noises and might result in modelling distortion. To address this problem, Laplace distribution, instead of the Gaussian distribution in traditional methods, is introduced to reduce the negative influence of outliers. Moreover, probabilistic principal component regression is employed for dealing with the mixture modelling problem owing to its probabilistic property to determine the operating modes. The formulation of this approach is derived with the expectation maximum algorithm and the soft sensing model is also developed for prediction. Compared to the conventional method, a numerical example and the Tennessee Eastman process are used to demonstrate the robust modelling performance of the proposed method.
Reassigning Hessian fly resistance genes H7 and H8 to chromosomes 6A and 2B of the wheat cultivar ‘Seneca’ using genotyping‐by‐sequencing
Authors: Liu Guoxia , Liu Xuming , Xu Yunfeng , Bernardo Amy , Chen Mingshun , Li Yaoguang , Niu Fuan , Zhao Lanfei , Bai Guihua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHessian fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor Say), is a destructive insect pest in most wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing areas worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars can effectively reduce HF damage. The wheat cultivar ‘Seneca’ was reported to carry resistance genes H7 on chromosome 5D and H8 with unknown location. To further validate the resistance gene locations in Seneca, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from Bobwhite × Seneca was genotyped using 3,330 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated from genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) and phenotyped for HF resistance in the greenhouse experiments. Phenotypic analyses showed at least two genes conditioning HF resistance in Seneca, but none of them was mapped on chromosome 5D, as previously reported. Instead, one major gene, designated as H7, was mapped to chromosome 6A and explained 60.7–78.3% of the phenotypic variation. The other gene with a minor effect, designated as H8, was found on chromosome 2B and explained 3.2–4.7% of the phenotypic variation. Based on the physical locations of flanking markers for H7 in the Chinese Spring reference genome, H7 was physically located in a 6‐Mb interval on 6AL. This study reassigned the major gene H7 to chromosome 6A and the minor gene H8 to 2B in Seneca using a high‐density SNP map. Seventeen GBS SNPs mapped in the H7 region were converted into Kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers for selecting this gene in breeding.
Who cares?—Stakeholder relevance for voluntary environmental management in hospitals
Authors: Seifert Christin , Guenther Edeltraud 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe voluntary implementation of environmental management systems (EMS) according to Eco‐Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) is a proactive and comprehensive management initiative aiming to improve corporate environmental performance. EMS implementation and connected communication activities are seen as a possibility to strengthen stakeholder relationships. However, EMS development and implementation consumes significant time and financial resources. Therefore, in this empirical study with hospital managers, it is questioned if and to what extent hospital managers perceive stakeholders valuing the implementation of an EMS according to EMAS. The results show that only internal stakeholder pressure from owners and the management board exists. Other stakeholders know little and care less about EMAS, suggesting that they have other priorities and do not see a necessity for hospitals to engage in environmental management efforts. This low stakeholder interest reduces the value of EMAS registration for hospitals and limits future environmental management efforts. This could hinder sustainable development within the healthcare sector.
Transmit power randomization for wireless ad hoc green networks
Authors: Tarhuni Naser 
Published: March 2020

SummaryFuture green technologies require the reduction of power consumptions, increasing energy efficiencies, and managing the electromagnetic interference footprints. In this paper, we investigate the use of randomized transmit power strategy in which the nodes transmit with random power in a single‐hop ad hoc wireless network. We assume Nakagami‐m channel with very slow feedback channel for power update commands. Hence, by using the characteristic function of the received power, we develop a new mathematical formulation for the outage probability. Further, we test the developed formulation on the known constant transmit power case and randomized uniform distribution with constant maximum case. We show that the performance in terms of outage probabilities and total power consumption of all nodes is generally poor. Therefore, we extend our results to the case of optimized constant power and propose the use of randomized uniform distribution with optimized maximum power. We show that the proposed power distribution outperforms the previous ones and reduces the overall power consumption by many orders of magnitude.
Paraganglioma‐like medullary thyroid carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Hou Yanjun , He Xin , Chute Deborah J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) accounts for 3%‐5% of all thyroid malignancies. Most MTC can be diagnosed by their typical cytologic and histologic morphology and immunohistochemical features. However, some rare variants of MTC may pose diagnostic difficulties on both cytology and histology. Paraganglioma‐like MTC (PLMTC) is a rare, but widely recognized variant of MTC. PLMTC is known to share morphological and architectural similarities with paraganglioma, hyalinizing trabecular tumor, and carcinomas of thyroid follicular cell origin, such as follicular carcinoma and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The combination of clinicopathologic features and a battery of immunohistochemical markers is essential for making a correct diagnosis. Herein, we report one case of PLMTC with both cytologic and histologic features and review the clinicopathologic features of previously reported cases.
The Heart Failure Association Atlas: rationale, objectives, and methods
Authors: Seferović Petar M. , Jankowska Ewa , Coats Andrew J.S. , Maggioni Aldo P. , Lopatin Yuri , Milinković Ivan , Polovina Marija , Lainščak Mitja , Timmis Adam , Huculeci Radu , Vardas Panos ,   Task Force of the HFA Atlas, and the ESC Atlas of Cardiology leadership, developed in collaboration with the National Heart Failure Societies of the ESC member and ESC affiliated member countries
Published: March 2020

AbstractHeart failure (HF) constitutes the growing cardiovascular burden and the major public health issue, but comprehensive statistics on HF epidemiology and related management in Europe are missing. The Heart Failure Association (HFA) Atlas has been initiated in 2016 in order to close this gap, representing the continuity directly rooted in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Atlas of Cardiology. The major aim of the HFA Atlas is to establish a contemporary dataset on HF epidemiology, resources and reimbursement policies for HF management, organization of the National Heart Failure Societies (NHFS) and their major activities, including education and HF awareness. These data are gathered in collaboration with the network of NHFS of the ESC member and ESC affiliated countries. The dataset will be continuously improved and advanced based on the experience and enhanced understanding of data collection in the forthcoming years. This will enable revealing trends, disparities and gaps in knowledge on epidemiology and management of HF. Such data are highly needed by the clinicians of different specialties (aside from cardiologists and cardiac surgeons), researchers, healthcare policy makers, as well as HF patients and their caregivers. It will also allow to map the snapshot of realities in HF care, as well as to provide insights for evidence‐based health care policy in contemporary management of HF. Such data will support the ESC/HFA efforts to improve HF management ant outcomes through stronger recommendations and calls for action. This will likely influence the allocation of funds for the prevention, treatment, education and research in
HF.
Rapid and Stable Plasma Transformation of Polyester Fabrics for Highly Efficient Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Sun Ye , Ouyang Bo , Rawat Rajdeep Singh , Chen Zhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFabrics with special wettability have drawn growing attention in recent years in the area of oil–water separation due to their low cost, good flexibility, and ease of handling. However, an efficient and fast method to enable the required wetting state on fabrics still remains a challenge. In this work, a one‐step, rapid, and chemical‐free hydrogen plasma treatment is reported to prepare a superhydrophobic and oleophilic polyester fabric. The as‐prepared fabrics display a static water contact angle of 153.2° with excellent oil–water separation capability. The mechanism of surface transformation is discussed through chemical analyses, which indicate a significant removal of carboxyl group from the pristine hydrophilic surface. This developed method is envisaged to be used for on‐demand large‐scale production of materials for emergency oil cleanup through either separation or selective adsorption.
Forecasting CO2 emissions from energy consumption in Pakistan under different scenarios: The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor
Authors: Malik Aysha , Hussain Ejaz , Baig Sofia , Khokhar Muhammad Fahim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe forecast of CO2 emissions is very crucial, especially for Pakistan as it is one of the top victims of climate change. A univariate model, (ARIMA) autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), was used to forecast CO2 emissions for Pakistan. The CO2 emissions scenarios were developed for Pakistan till 2020, forecasting them further to 2030. The scenarios developed include China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) scenario, where CO2 emissions from high‐priority energy projects under the CPEC were considered. The scenarios attempt to estimate the impactful emission reduction percentage, which the country needs to adopt along with other necessary changes in the existing policies of the country. The forecast results clearly indicate that the emissions are bound to increase under business as usual and CPEC scenarios and the country would fail to meet the Nationally Determined Contributions pledged at COP21. In other scenarios, where we assumed the country has adopted mitigatory strategies to curb the emissions, the forecast shows decreased CO2 emissions for Pakistan. The mean absolute percentage error for all the forecasts was found to be less than 10%, making the forecast highly accurate. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The formation of paranodal spirals at the ends of CNS myelin sheaths requires the planar polarity protein Vangl2
Authors: Jarjour Andrew A. , Velichkova Atanaska N. , Boyd Amanda , Lord Kathryn M. , Torsney Carole , Henderson Deborah J. , ffrench‐Constant Charles 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDuring axonal ensheathment, noncompact myelin channels formed at lateral edges of the myelinating process become arranged into tight paranodal spirals that resemble loops when cut in cross section. These adhere to the axon, concentrating voltage‐dependent sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier and patterning the surrounding axon into distinct molecular domains. The signals responsible for forming and maintaining the complex structure of paranodal myelin are poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that the planar cell polarity determinant Vangl2 organizes paranodal myelin. We show that Vangl2 is concentrated at paranodes and that, following conditional knockout of Vangl2 in oligodendrocytes, the paranodal spiral loosens, accompanied by disruption to the microtubule cytoskeleton and mislocalization of autotypic adhesion molecules between loops within the spiral. Adhesion of the spiral to the axon is unaffected. This results in disruptions to axonal patterning at nodes of Ranvier, paranodal axon diameter and conduction velocity. When taken together with our previous work showing that loss of the apico‐basal polarity protein Scribble has the opposite phenotype—loss of axonal adhesion but no effect on loop–loop autotypic adhesion—our results identify a novel mechanism by which polarity proteins control the shape of nodes of Ranvier and regulate conduction in the CNS.
The effect of jet lag on the human brain: A neuroimaging study
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Li Weikai , Li Huiru , Gao Shaobing , Sweeney John A. , Jia Zhiyun , Gong Qiyong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractJet lag is commonly experienced when travelers cross multiple time zones, leaving the wake–sleep cycle and intrinsic biological “clocks” out of synchrony with the current environment. The effect of jet lag on intrinsic cortical function remains unclear. Twenty‐two healthy individuals experiencing west‐to‐east jet lag flight were recruited. Brain structural and functional magnetic resonance studies, as well as psychological and neurohormonal tests, were carried out when participants returned from travel over six time zones and 50 days later when their jet lag symptoms had resolved. During jet lag, the functional brain network exhibited a small‐world topology that was shifted toward regularity. Alterations during jet lag relative to recovery included decreased basal ganglia‐thalamocortical network connections and increased functional connectivity between the medial temporal lobe subsystem and medial visual cortex. The lower melatonin and higher thyroid hormone levels during jet lag showed the same trend as brain activity in the right lingual gyrus. Although there was no significant difference between cortisol measurements during and after jet lag, cortisol levels were associated with temporal lobe activity in the jet lag condition. Brain and neuroendocrine changes during jet lag were related to jet lag symptoms. Further prospective studies are needed to explore the time course over which jet lag acts on the human brain.
Early oral hydration protects against pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy or total pharyngolaryngectomy
Authors: Le Flem Matthieu , Santini Laure , Boulze Carole , Alshukry Abdallah , Giovanni Antoine , Dessi Patrick , Fakhry Nicolas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of early oral hydration on the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) after total laryngectomy (TL) or total pharyngolaryngectomy (TPL).MethodsA prospective series of 25 patients operated on between October 2017 and March 2019 who received early oral hydration starting 2 days after surgery were compared to a retrospective cohort of 28 patients who did not receive any early oral hydration. These are two consecutive series including all operated patients.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of risk factors for PCF. In univariate and multivariate analysis, early oral hydration was significantly associated with a decreased risk of PCF: 50% vs 20% (odds ratio [OR], 0.25; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.07‐0.85; P = .03, vs OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07‐0.85; P = .02).ConclusionEarly oral hydration after TL or TPL reduces the risk of PCF.