bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trapped Particle Motion in Magnetodisk Fields
Authors: Guio P. , Staniland N. R. , Achilleos N. , Arridge C. S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe spatial and temporal characterization of trapped charged particle trajectories in magnetospheres has been extensively studied in dipole magnetic field structures. Such studies have allowed the calculation of spatial quantities, such as equatorial loss cone size as a function of radial distance, the location of the mirror points along particular field lines (L‐shells) as a function of the particle's equatorial pitch angle, and temporal quantities such as the bounce period and drift period as a function of the radial distance and the particle's pitch angle at the equator. In this study, we present analogous calculations for the disk‐like field structure associated with the giant rotation‐dominated magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn as described by the University College London/Achilleos‐Guio‐Arridge (UCL/AGA) magnetodisk model. We discuss the effect of the magnetodisk field on various particle parameters and make a comparison with the analogous motion in a dipole field. The bounce period in a magnetodisk field is in general smaller the larger the equatorial distance and pitch angle, by a factor as large as ∼8 for Jupiter and ∼2.5 for Saturn. Similarly, the drift period is generally smaller, by a factor as large as ∼2.2 for equatorial distances ∼20–24 RJ at Jupiter and ∼1.5 for equatorial distances ∼7–11 RS at Saturn.
Eikonal Tomography Using Coherent Surface Waves Extracted From Ambient Noise by Iterative Matched Filtering—Application to the Large‐N Maupasacq Array
Authors: Lehujeur M. , Chevrot S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStandard ambient noise tomography relies on cross‐correlation of noise records between pairs of sensors to estimate empirical Green's functions. This approach is challenging if the distribution of noise sources is heterogeneous and can get computationally intensive for large‐N seismic arrays. Here, we propose an iterative matched filtering method to isolate and extract coherent wave fronts that travel across a dense array of seismic sensors. The method can separate interfering wave trains coming from different directions, to provide amplitude and travel time fields for each detected wave front. We use the eikonal equation to derive phase velocity maps from the gradient of these travel time fields. Artifacts originating from scattered waves are removed by azimuthal averaging and spatial smoothing. The method is validated on a synthetic test and then applied to the data of the Maupasacq experiment. Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps are obtained for periods between 2 and 9 s. These maps correlate with surface geology at short period (T<3 s) and reveal the deep architecture of the Arzacq and Mauleon basins at longer periods (T>4 s).
Variation of Earth's Oblateness J2 on Interannual‐to‐Decadal Timescales
Authors: Chao B. F. , Yu Y. , Chung C. H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Earth's oblateness varies slightly due to a host of physical processes that involve large‐scale meridional N‐S mass redistributions in the Earth. We analyze these minute, broadband signals in the observed ΔJ2 data series for 1976–2019 (43 years). We first remove the near‐quadratic variation (due to the glacial isostatic adjustment plus the accelerating land ice melting) and the seasonal terms (due to seasonality of the surface geophysical fluids) by least squares regression. Then we examine via cross‐correlation function and cross‐coherence spectrum the relationships of the remaining interannual‐to‐decadal ΔJ2 with various climate oscillations in terms of their respective indices. We elucidate the contributions of the Antarctic Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation (for timescales shorter than 5 years), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (for timescales longer than 5 years), and the absence thereof in El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Removal of their contributions from ΔJ2 reveals two remaining, nonclimatic long‐period signals: An 18.61‐year tidal signal calls for an augmentation in the in‐phase value and a reduction of the out‐of‐phase value in the theoretical models per International Earth rotation and Reference systems Service (IERS), while a more detailed quantitative study awaits future, longer data. An additional 10.5‐year signal is found to be correlated with the solar cycle, but the origin of this apparent correlation is uncertain presently.
Patient fibroblast circadian rhythms predict lithium sensitivity in bipolar disorder
Authors: Sanghani Harshmeena R. , Jagannath Aarti , Humberstone Thomas , Ebrahimjee Farid , Thomas Justyn M. , Churchill Grant C. , Cipriani Andrea , Attenburrow Mary-Jane , Perestenko Olga V. , Cowley Sally A. , Cader M. Zameel , Peirson Stuart N. , Harrison Paul J. , Foster Russell G. , Goodwin Guy M. , Vasudevan Sridhar R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBipolar disorder is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition associated with mood instability, where patients present significant sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities. Currently, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder remains elusive, but treatment with lithium continues as the benchmark pharmacotherapy, functioning as a potent mood stabilizer in most, but not all patients. Lithium is well documented to induce period lengthening and amplitude enhancement of the circadian clock. Based on this, we sought to investigate whether lithium differentially impacts circadian rhythms in bipolar patient cell lines and crucially if lithium’s effect on the clock is fundamental to its mood-stabilizing effects. We analyzed the circadian rhythms of bipolar patient-derived fibroblasts (n = 39) and their responses to lithium and three further chronomodulators. Here we show, relative to controls (n = 23), patients exhibited a wider distribution of circadian period (p < 0.05), and that patients with longer periods were medicated with a wider range of drugs, suggesting lower effectiveness of lithium. In agreement, patient fibroblasts with longer periods displayed muted circadian responses to lithium as well as to other chronomodulators that phenocopy lithium. These results show that lithium differentially impacts the circadian system in a patient-specific manner and its effect is dependent on the patient’s circadian phenotype. We also found that lithium-induced behavioral changes in mice were phenocopied by modulation of the circadian system with drugs that target the clock, and that a dysfunctional clock ablates this response. Thus, chronomodulatory compounds offer a promising route to a novel treatment paradigm. These findings, upon larger-scale validation, could facilitate the implementation of a personalized approach for mood stabilization.
A single administration of the antibiotic, minocycline, reduces fear processing and improves implicit learning in healthy volunteers: analysis of the serum metabolome
Authors: Chan Shi Yu , Capitão Liliana , Probert Fay , Klinge Corinna , Hoeckner Sebastian , Harmer Catherine J. , Cowen Philip J. , Anthony Daniel C. , Burnet Philip W. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMinocycline has shown therapeutic promise in pre-clinical animal models and early phase clinical trials for a variety of psychiatric disorders. Previous studies on minocycline have shown its ability to suppress microglia activity and reduce inflammatory cytokine levels, and its amelioration of depressive-like behaviour in animals and humans. However, the underlying mechanisms that lead to minocycline’s psychotropic effects are not clear. In this study, we investigated the psychological and biochemical effects of an acute dose of minocycline or placebo in 40 healthy adult volunteers. Psychological changes in emotional processing, implicit learning, and working memory were assessed. Plasma inflammatory markers, measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and serum metabolites, measured with proton nuclear magnetic resonance combined with multi-variate analysis techniques, were also studied. Results showed that minocycline administration decreased fear misclassification and increased contextual learning, which suggested that reducing negative biases and improving cognition, respectively, may underlie the antidepressant actions of this agent. An examination of serum metabolites revealed higher levels of lipoproteins, particularly cholesterol, in the minocycline group. Minocycline also decreased circulating concentrations of the inflammatory marker C-Reactive Peptide, which is consistent with previous research. These effects highlight two important psychological mechanisms that may be relevant to the efficacy of minocycline reported in clinical trials, and also suggest a possible largely unexplored lipid-related biochemical pathway for the action of this drug.
Changes in long term survival after diagnosis with common hematologic malignancies in the early 21st century
Authors: Pulte Dianne , Jansen Lina , Brenner Hermann 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFive-year survival has increased for many hematologic malignancies in the 21st century. However, whether this has translated into greater long-term survival is unknown. Here, we examine 10- and 20-year survival for patients with multiple myeloma (MM), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-9 database. Patients age 15+ with the above malignancies were included. The newly developed boomerang method was used to examine 10- and 20-year relative survival (RS) for patients in 2002–2006 and 2012–16. Ten and 20-year RS increased for each malignancy examined, with increases ranging from +4.4% units for 20-year RS for AML to +23.1% units for 10-year RS for CML. Ten year RS was >50% in 2012–16 for patients with CLL, CML, HL, NHL, and DLBCL, at 77.1%, 62.1%, 63.9%, 64.5%, and 63.0%, respectively. Survival dropped between 10 and 20 years after diagnosis for most malignancies. Long-term survival is increasing for common hematologic malignancies, but late mortality is an ongoing issue. Further study of long-term outcomes in curable malignancies to determine the reason for these later decreases in survival is indicated.
The challenge of COVID-19 and hematopoietic cell transplantation; EBMT recommendations for management of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, their donors, and patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy
Authors:   for the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Ljungman Per , Mikulska Malgorzata , de la Camara Rafael , Basak Grzegorz W. , Chabannon Christian , Corbacioglu Selim , Duarte Rafael , Dolstra Harry , Lankester Arjan C. , Mohty Mohamad , Montoto Silvia , Murray John , Peffault de Latour Régis , Snowden John A. , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Verhoeven Bregje , Kröger Nicolaus , Styczynski Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread over the world causing the disease by WHO called COVID-19. This pandemic poses unprecedented stress on the health care system including programs performing allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and cellular therapy such as with CAR T cells. Risk factors for severe disease include age and predisposing conditions such as cancer. The true impact on stem cell transplant and CAR T-cell recipients in unknown. The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) has therefore developed recommendations for transplant programs and physicians caring for these patients. These guidelines were developed by experts from the Infectious Diseases Working Party and have been endorsed by EBMT’s scientific council and board. This work intends to provide guidelines for transplant centers, management of transplant candidates and recipients, and donor issues until the COVID-19 pandemic has passed.
A single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-Seq toolbox for fresh and frozen human tumors
Authors: Slyper Michal , Porter Caroline B. M. , Ashenberg Orr , Waldman Julia , Drokhlyansky Eugene , Wakiro Isaac , Smillie Christopher , Smith-Rosario Gabriela , Wu Jingyi , Dionne Danielle , Vigneau Sébastien , Jané-Valbuena Judit , Tickle Timothy L. , Napolitano Sara , Su Mei-Ju , Patel Anand G. , Karlstrom Asa , Gritsch Simon , Nomura Masashi , Waghray Avinash , Gohil Satyen H. , Tsankov Alexander M. , Jerby-Arnon Livnat , Cohen Ofir , Klughammer Johanna , Rosen Yanay , Gould Joshua , Nguyen Lan , Hofree Matan , Tramontozzi Peter J. , Li Bo , Wu Catherine J. , Izar Benjamin , Haq Rizwan , Hodi F. Stephen , Yoon Charles H. , Hata Aaron N. , Baker Suzanne J. , Suvà Mario L. , Bueno Raphael , Stover Elizabeth H. , Clay Michael R. , Dyer Michael A. , Collins Natalie B. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Wagle Nikhil , Johnson Bruce E. , Rotem Asaf , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Regev Aviv 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSingle-cell genomics is essential to chart tumor ecosystems. Although single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) profiles RNA from cells dissociated from fresh tumors, single-nucleus RNA-Seq (snRNA-Seq) is needed to profile frozen or hard-to-dissociate tumors. Each requires customization to different tissue and tumor types, posing a barrier to adoption. Here, we have developed a systematic toolbox for profiling fresh and frozen clinical tumor samples using scRNA-Seq and snRNA-Seq, respectively. We analyzed 216,490 cells and nuclei from 40 samples across 23 specimens spanning eight tumor types of varying tissue and sample characteristics. We evaluated protocols by cell and nucleus quality, recovery rate and cellular composition. scRNA-Seq and snRNA-Seq from matched samples recovered the same cell types, but at different proportions. Our work provides guidance for studies in a broad range of tumors, including criteria for testing and selecting methods from the toolbox for other tumors, thus paving the way for charting tumor atlases.
Scaling trends of bird’s alular feathers in connection to leading-edge vortex flow over hand-wing
Authors: Linehan Thomas , Mohseni Kamran 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn aerodynamic structure ubiquitous in Aves is the alula; a small collection of feathers muscularized near the wrist joint. New research into the aerodynamics of this structure suggests that its primary function is to induce leading-edge vortex (LEV) flow over bird’s outer hand-wing to enhance wing lift when manuevering at slow speeds. Here, we explore scaling trends of the alula’s spanwise position and its connection to this function. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that the relative distance of the alula from the wing tip is that which maximizes LEV-lift when the wing is spread and operated in a deep-stall flight condition. To test this, we perform experiments on model wings in a wind tunnel to approximate this distance and compare our results to positional measurements of the alula on spread-wing specimens. We found the position of the alula on non-aquatic birds selected for alula optimization to be located at or near the lift-maximizing position predicted by wind tunnel experiments. These findings shed new light on avian wing anatomy and the role of unconventional aerodynamics in shaping it.
Synovial tissue transcriptomes of long-standing rheumatoid arthritis are dominated by activated macrophages that reflect microbial stimulation
Authors: Smiljanovic Biljana , Grützkau Andreas , Sörensen Till , Grün Joachim R. , Vogl Thomas , Bonin Marc , Schendel Pascal , Stuhlmüller Bruno , Claussnitzer Anne , Hermann Sandra , Ohrndorf Sarah , Aupperle Karlfried , Backhaus Marina , Radbruch Andreas , Burmester Gerd R. , Häupl Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAdvances in microbiome research suggest involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Searching for initial trigger(s) in RA, we compared transcriptome profiles of highly inflamed RA synovial tissue (RA-ST) and osteoarthritis (OA)-ST with 182 selected reference transcriptomes of defined cell types and their activation by exogenous (microbial) and endogenous inflammatory stimuli. Screening for dominant changes in RA-ST demonstrated activation of monocytes/macrophages with gene-patterns induced by bacterial and fungal triggers. Gene-patterns of activated B- or T-cells in RA-ST reflected a response to activated monocytes/macrophages rather than inducing their activation. In contrast, OA-ST was dominated by gene-patterns of non-activated macrophages and fibroblasts. The difference between RA and OA was more prominent in transcripts of secreted proteins and was confirmed by protein quantification in synovial fluid (SF) and serum. In total, 24 proteins of activated cells were confirmed in RA-SF compared to OA-SF and some like CXCL13, CCL18, S100A8/A9, sCD14, LBP reflected this increase even in RA serum. Consequently, pathogen-like response patterns in RA suggest that direct microbial influences exist. This challenges the current concept of autoimmunity and immunosuppressive treatment and advocates new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that consider microbial persistence as important trigger(s) in the etiopathogenesis of RA.
Responsive changes of DNA methylation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) under water deficit
Authors: Duan Hongying , Li Jingyun , Zhu Yanqiu , Jia Wenjing , Wang Huihui , Jiang Lina , Zhou Yanqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDNA methylation plays an important role in the growth and development of plant, and would change under different environments. In this study, 5-methyl cytosine (5mC) content and methylation level exhibited tissue specificity in genomic DNA of wheat seedling, and increased significantly in leaf along with the increase of water deficit, which was especially significant in leaf of wheat AK58. Full-methylation might dominate in genomic DNA of wheat seedling, the increase of full-methylation level under water deficit was significantly higher than that of hemi-methylation level. Under water deficit, DNA methylation of wheat seedling showed significant polymorphism, this polymorphism was always higher in root, especially was higher in root of wheat AK58. Further analysis appeared that changes of DNA methylation in wheat seedling took methylation as principle and demethylation as supplement under water deficit. Therefore, under water deficit, the degree, level and polymorphism of DNA methylation in wheat seedling showed tissue specificity and species specificity, and were higher in wheat AK58 compared with those of wheat XM13, perhaps wheat AK58 could more rapidly respond to water deficit by changes of DNA methylation, which would contribute to reveal molecular mechanism of wheat adapting to water deficit.
Transcriptomes shed light on transgenerational and developmental effects of ocean warming on embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius
Authors: Shi Dongtao , Zhao Chong , Chen Yang , Ding Jingyun , Zhang Lisheng , Chang Yaqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOcean warming increasingly endangers the fitness of marine invertebrates. Transgenerational effects (TE) potentially mitigate the impacts of environmental stress on the embryos of marine invertebrates. The molecular mechanisms, however, remain largely unknown. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing technology, we investigated the gene expression patterns of embryos (the gastrula stage) of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius at different developmental temperatures, whose parents were exposed to long-term (15 months) elevated temperature (A) or not (B). The temperatures at which adults were held for ~4 weeks prior to the start of the experiment (21 °C for A and 18 °C for B) were also used for the development of offspring (high: 21 °C and ambient (laboratory): 18 °C) resulting in four experimental groups (HA and HB at 21 °C, and LA and LB at 18 °C). The embryos were sampled ~24 h after fertilization. All samples were in the gastrula stage. Twelve mRNA libraries (groups HA, HB, LA, LB, 3 replicates for each group) were established for the following sequencing. Embryos whose parents were exposed to elevated temperatures or not showed 1891 significantly different DEGs (differentially expressed genes) at the ambient developmental temperature (LB vs LA, LB as control) and 2203 significantly different DEGs at the high developmental temperature (HB vs HA, HB as control), respectively. This result indicates complex molecular mechanisms of transgenerational effects of ocean warming, in which a large number of genes are involved. With the TE, we found 904 shared DEGs in both LB vs LA (LB as control) and HB vs HA (HB as control) changed in the same direction of expression (i.e., up- or down-regulated), indicating that parental exposed temperatures affect the expression of these genes in the same manner regardless of the development temperature. With developmental exposure, we found 198 shared DEGs in both HB vs LB (HB as control) and HA vs LA (HA as control) changed in the same direction of expression. Of the 198 DEGs, more genes were up-regulated at high developmental temperature. Interestingly, embryos whose parents were exposed to high temperature showed fewer differently expressed DEGs between high and low developmental temperatures than the individuals whose parents were exposed to ambient temperature. The results indicate that gene expressions are probably depressed by the transgenerational effect of ocean warming. The roles of hsp70 and hnf6 in thermal acclimation are highlighted for future studies. The present study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the transgenerational and developmental effects of ocean warming on the embryos of sea urchins.
Syntactic Complexity as a Linguistic Marker to Differentiate Mild Cognitive Impairment From Normal Aging
Authors: Sung Jee Eun , Choi Sujin , Eom Bora , Yoo Jae Keun , Jeong Jee Hyang 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
In this study, we sought to identify critical linguistic markers that can differentiate sentence processing of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the sentence processing of normal-aging populations by manipulating sentences' linguistic complexity. We investigated whether passive sentences, as linguistically complex structures, can serve as linguistic markers that can contribute to diagnoses that distinguish MCI from normal aging.

Method
In total, 52 participants, including 26 adults with amnestic MCI and 26 cognitively unimpaired adults, participated in the study. All participants were native speakers of Korean. We administered the two subsets of active and passive conditions using a sentence–picture paradigm with semantically reversible sentences to both groups.

Results
A mixed-effects model using PROC NLMIXED demonstrated that the MCI group exhibited differentially greater difficulty in processing passive than active sentences compared to the normal-aging group. A logistic regression fitted with the PROC LOGISTIC model identified the sum of the passive sentences, with age and education effects as the best models to distinguish individuals with MCI from the normal-aging group.

Conclusion
Sentence comprehension deficits emerged in the MCI stage when the syntactic complexity was increased. Furthermore, a passive structure was the best predictor for efficiently distinguishing the MCI group from the normal-aging group. These results are clinically and theoretically important, given that linguistic complexity can serve as a critical behavioral marker in the detection of early symptoms associated with linguistic–cognitive decline.