bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAN CAPTIONED VIDEO BENEFIT SECOND LANGUAGE PRONUNCIATION?
Authors: Wisniewska Natalia , Mora Joan C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the potential benefits of extended exposure to captioned videos for second language pronunciation. We tested 90 L2 adult learners of English on speech processing skills (segmentation, speed of lexical access, and sentence processing) and phonological accuracy in perception (ABX discrimination) and production (accentedness ratings) before and after an 8-week treatment consisting of regular exposure to audiovisual materials. Participants were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions involving two viewing modes (captioned or uncaptioned) and two task focus conditions (focus on phonetic form or focus on meaning). Results showed benefits in speech segmentation and speech processing skills irrespective of viewing mode. No significant benefits were found for phonological accuracy in perception. In production, a focus on phonetic form improved pronunciation only in the absence of captions, whereas captioned viewing led to pronunciation gains as long as there was no focus on phonetic form. These findings suggest that pronunciation improvement can take place with the help of captions or, in the absence of captions, when learners’ attention is directed to pronunciation. Cognitive overload might explain why no benefits were obtained when attention was directed to pronunciation in a captioned viewing mode.
Methods for prioritizing protected areas using individual and aggregate rankings
Authors: Carvalho Fabio , Brown Kerry A , Gordon Adam D , Yesuf Gabriel U , Raherilalao Marie Jeanne , Raselimanana Achille P , Soarimalala Voahangy , Goodman Steven M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite their legal protection status, protected areas (PAs) can benefit from priority ranks when ongoing threats to their biodiversity and habitats outpace the financial resources available for their conservation. It is essential to develop methods to prioritize PAs that are not computationally demanding in order to suit stakeholders in developing countries where technical and financial resources are limited. We used expert knowledge-derived biodiversity measures to generate individual and aggregate priority ranks of 98 mostly terrestrial PAs on Madagascar. The five variables used were state of knowledge (SoK), forest loss, forest loss acceleration, PA size and relative species diversity, estimated by using standardized residuals from negative binomial models of SoK regressed onto species diversity. We compared our aggregate ranks generated using unweighted averages and principal component analysis (PCA) applied to each individual variable with those generated via Markov chain (MC) and PageRank algorithms. SoK significantly affected the measure of species diversity and highlighted areas where more research effort was needed. The unweighted- and PCA-derived ranks were strongly correlated, as were the MC and PageRank ranks. However, the former two were weakly correlated with the latter two. We recommend using these methods simultaneously in order to provide decision-makers with the flexibility to prioritize those PAs in need of additional research and conservation efforts.
Infective endocarditis developing early after percutaneous closure of a patent ductus arteriosus in a child using the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II
Authors: Yilmazer Murat M. , Meşe Timur 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA 10-month-old girl underwent patent ductus arteriosus closure with an Amplatzer Duct Occluder II. After 1 week, she was admitted to our emergency room with tachypnoea, fatigue, and fever. Consecutive blood cultures yielded vancomycin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was already receiving vancomycin, but the fever did not respond to this treatment. The device was successfully removed via left lateral thoracotomy.
The relationship between joining a US free trade agreement and processed food sales, 2002–2016: a comparative interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Cowling Krycia , Stuart Elizabeth A , Neff Roni A , Vernick Jon , Magraw Daniel , Pollack Porter Keshia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine changes in sales of highly processed foods, including infant formulas, in countries joining free trade agreements (FTAs) with the US.Design:Annual country-level data for food and beverage sales come from Euromonitor International. Analyses are conducted in a comparative interrupted time-series (CITS) framework using multivariate random-effects linear models, adjusted for key confounders: gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, percent of the population living in urban areas and female labor force participation rate. Memberships in other FTAs and investment treaties are also explored as possible confounders.Setting:Changes are assessed between 2002 and 2016.Participants:Ten countries joining US FTAs are compared with eleven countries without US FTAs in force; countries are matched on national income level, world region and World Trade Organization membership.Results:After countries join a US FTA, sales are estimated to increase by: 0·89 (95 % CI 0·16, 1·6;P= 0·016) kg per capita per annum for ultra-processed products, 0·81 (95 % CI 0·47, 1·1;P< 0·001) kg per capita per annum for processed culinary ingredients and 0·17 (95 % CI 0·052, 0·29;P= 0·005) kg per capita under age 5 per annum for baby food. No significant change is estimated for minimally processed foods. In statistical models, large unexplained variations in country-specific trends suggest additional unmeasured country-level factors also impact sales trends following entry into US FTAs.Conclusions:These findings strongly support the conclusion that joining US FTAs can contribute to detrimental changes in national dietary consumption that increase population risk of non-communicable diseases.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in 16-year-old Icelandic adolescent and its association with bone mineral density
Authors: Gudmundsdottir SL , Hrafnkelsson H , Sigurdsson EL , Johannsson E 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:The aim of the study was to assess the potential association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) among 16-year-old adolescents and to study the prevalence of 25(OH)D insufficiency, defined as concentration under 50 nmol/l.Design:A cross-sectional study.Setting:Reykjavik, Iceland, latitude 64°08′N. Measurements took place in the Icelandic Heart Association's research lab during April–June 2015.Participants:In total, 411 students in Reykjavik, Iceland, were invited to participate, 315 accepted the invitation (76·6 %) and 289 had valid data (mainly Caucasian).Results:25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l was observed in 70 % of girls and 66·7 % of boys. 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/l was significantly associated with higher whole-body BMD after adjusting for the influence of sex, height, fat mass and lean mass. A linear relationship between 25(OH)D and whole-body BMD was significant for 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l (n 199, P < 0·05) but NS for 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/l (n 86, P = 0·48).Conclusions:Our results are in line with some but not all previous studies on the relationship between BMD and 25(OH)D in adolescents. The observed difference in BMD between those with above v. below a 25(OH)D concentration of 50 nmol/l was of about a fifth of one SD, which may have a clinical relevance as one SD decrease in volumetric BMD has been associated with a 89 % increase in 2 years risk of fracture. Icelandic adolescents should be encouraged to increase their vitamin D intake as it is possible that their current intake is insufficient to achieve optimal peak bone mass.
Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among three immigrant groups in Finland: evidence from a population-based study using standardised 25-hydroxyvitamin D data
Authors: Adebayo Folasade A , Itkonen Suvi T , Lilja Eero , Jääskeläinen Tuija , Lundqvist Annamari , Laatikainen Tiina , Koponen Päivikki , Cashman Kevin D , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Lamberg-Allardt Christel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:We investigated the determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [S-25(OH)D] and dietary vitamin D sources among three immigrant groups in Finland and compared their S-25(OH)D to the general Finnish population.Design:Cross-sectional population-based Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study and the nationally representative Finnish Health 2011 Survey. S-25(OH)D was standardised according to the Vitamin D Standardisation Program. Vitamin D sources were assessed by interview.Setting:Six different municipalities in Finland (60°–63°N).Participants:Immigrants aged 18–64 years (446 Russians, 346 Somalis, 500 Kurds), 798 Finns aged 30–64 years.Results:The mean of S-25(OH)D was 64 (95 % CI 62, 66), 44 (95 % CI 41, 46), 35 (95 % CI 34, 37) and 64 (95 % CI 62, 66) nmol/l for Russians, Somalis, Kurds and Finns, respectively. S-25(OH)D among Somalis and Kurds was lower compared with Finns (P< 0·001). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (S-25(OH)D <30 nmol/l) and insufficiency (S-25(OH)D <50 nmol/l) was higher among immigrants than Finns (P< 0·001). Vitamin D-rich foods differed between the groups; vitamin D-fortified fat spread consumption was higher among Somalis (91 %) than among Russians (73 %) and Kurds (60 %); fish was less consumed among Kurds (17 %) than among Russians (43 %) and Somalis (38 %); and 57 % Russians, 56 % Kurds and 36 % Somalis consumed vitamin D-fortified dairy daily (P< 0·001 for all). Daily smoking, alcohol consumption and winter blood sampling were determinants of vitamin D insufficiency (P≤ 0·03). Older age, physical activity, fish and vitamin D-fortified dairy consumption were associated with lower odds of insufficiency (P≤ 0·04).Conclusions:Vitamin D status differed among immigrant groups and the determinants are, to some degree, associated with learned or existing cultural behaviours.
Tillage based, site-specific weed control for conservation cropping systems
Authors: Walsh Michael J. , Squires Caleb C. , Coleman Guy R. Y. , Widderick Michael J. , McKiernan Adam B. , Chauhan Bhagirath S. , Peressini Carlo , Guzzomi Andrew L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAustralian conservation cropping systems are practiced on very large farms (approximately 3,000 ha) where herbicides are relied on for effective and timely weed control. In many fields, though, there are low weed densities (e.g., <1.0 plant 10 m−2) and whole-field herbicide treatments are wasteful. For fallow weed control, commercially available weed detection systems provide the opportunity for site-specific herbicide treatments, removing the need for whole-field treatment of fallow fields with low weed densities. Concern about the sustainability of herbicide-reliant weed management systems remain and there has not been interest in the use of weed detection systems for alternative weed control technologies, such as targeted tillage. In this paper, we discuss the use of a targeted tillage technique for site-specific weed control in large-scale crop production systems. Three small-scale prototypes were used for engineering and weed control efficacy testing across a range of species and growth stages. With confidence established in the design approach and a demonstrated 100% weed-control potential, a 6-m wide pre-commercial prototype, the “Weed Chipper,” was built incorporating commercially available weed-detection cameras for practical field-scale evaluation. This testing confirmed very high (90%) weed control efficacies and associated low levels (1.8%) of soil disturbance where the weed density was fewer than 1.0 plant 10 m−2 in a commercial fallow. These data established the suitability of this mechanical approach to weed control for conservation cropping systems. The development of targeted tillage for fallow weed control represents the introduction of site-specific, nonchemical weed control for conservation cropping systems.
Climate Extreme Versus Carbon Extreme: Responses of Terrestrial Carbon Fluxes to Temperature and Precipitation
Authors: Pan Shufen , Yang Jia , Tian Hanqin , Shi Hao , Chang Jinfeng , Ciais Philippe , Francois Louis , Frieler Katja , Fu Bojie , Hickler Thomas , Ito Akihiko , Nishina Kazuya , Ostberg Sebastian , Reyer Christopher P.O. , Schaphoff Sibyll , Steinkamp Jörg , Zhao Fang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCarbon fluxes at the land‐atmosphere interface are strongly influenced by weather and climate conditions. Yet what is usually known as “climate extremes” does not always translate into very high or low carbon fluxes or so‐called “carbon extremes.” To reveal the patterns of how climate extremes influence terrestrial carbon fluxes, we analyzed the interannual variations in ecosystem carbon fluxes simulated by the Terrestrial Biosphere Models (TBMs) in the Inter‐Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project. At the global level, TBMs simulated reduced ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP; 18.5 ± 9.3 g C m−2 yr−1), but enhanced heterotrophic respiration (Rh; 7 ± 4.6 g C m−2 yr−1) during extremely hot events. TBMs also simulated reduced NPP (60.9 ± 24.4 g C m−2 yr−1) and reduced Rh (16.5 ± 11.4 g C m−2 yr−1) during extreme dry events. Influences of precipitation extremes on terrestrial carbon uptake were larger in the arid/semiarid zones than other regions. During hot extremes, ecosystems in the low latitudes experienced a larger reduction in carbon uptake. However, a large fraction of carbon extremes did not occur in concert with either temperature or precipitation extremes. Rather these carbon extremes are likely to be caused by the interactive effects of the concurrent temperature and precipitation anomalies. The interactive effects showed considerable spatial variations with the largest effects on NPP in South America and Africa. Additionally, TBMs simulated a stronger sensitivity of ecosystem productivity to precipitation than satellite estimates. This study provides new insights into the complex ecosystem responses to climate extremes, especially the emergent properties of carbon dynamics resulting from compound climate extremes.
How Do Gaining and Losing Streams React to the Combined Effects of Climate Change and Pumping in the Gharehsoo River Basin, Iran?
Authors: Taie Semiromi M. , Koch M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProjections of potential impacts of climate change and groundwater abstraction on gaining and losing streams, particularly in ephemeral river basins exhibiting sporadic and intricate flux exchanges, have remained largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we propose a promising modeling scheme based on the new fully integrated hydrological model SWAT‐MODFLOW‐NWT, calibrated and validated for 1978–2012, to quantify the intertwined surface‐groundwater interactions under a conjuncture of three climatic emission scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) and two groundwater pumping variants: “pumping” (extending current groundwater utilization into the future) and “nonpumping” (assuming a complete cease of pumping in the future). By forcing the integrated model with future downscaled climate predictors of CanESM2 under the aforementioned RCPs for three time slices up to year 2100, projections of various water resources components for the Gharehsoo River Basin (GRB), in northwestern Iran were made. Results demonstrate that because of a general decrease of future precipitation, though with ups and downs across the total projection period, most of the surface and ‐subsurface budget quantities and fluxes are substantially affected. In particular, future groundwater discharge (baseflow) to the gaining streams will be more influenced by the “pumping” variant (increasing and decreasing for “nonpumping” and “pumping”, respectively) than the concentrated groundwater recharge from the losing streams (decreasing and increasing for “nonpumping” and “pumping”, respectively). Future water yield and groundwater storage will also diminish and, surprisingly, this cannot be alleviated by future “nonpumping”, indicating the groundwater overutilization is the compelling reason for the future water scarcity in the GRB, rather than climate change alone.
A Model Analysis of the Tidal Engine That Drives Nitrogen Cycling in Coastal Riparian Aquifers
Authors: Wallace Corey D. , Sawyer Audrey H. , Barnes Rebecca T. , Soltanian Mohamad Reza , Gabor Rachel S. , Wilkins Michael J. , Moore Myles T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn coastal rivers, tides facilitate surface water‐groundwater exchange and strongly coupled nitrification‐denitrification near the fluctuating water table. We used numerical fluid flow and reactive transport models to explore hydrogeologic and biogeochemical controls on nitrogen transport along an idealized tidal freshwater zone based on field observations from White Clay Creek, Delaware, USA. The capacity of the riparian aquifer to remove nitrate depends largely on nitrate transport rates, which initially increase with increasing tidal range but then decline as sediments become muddier and permeability decreases. Over the entire model reach, local nitrification provides a similar amount of nitrate as surface and groundwater contributions combined. More than half (~66%) of nitrate removed via denitrification is produced in situ, while the vast majority of remaining nitrate removed comes from groundwater sources. In contrast, average nitrate removal from surface water due to tidal pumping amounts to only ~1% of the average daily in‐channel riverine nitrate load or 1.77 kg of nitrate along the reach each day. As a result, tidal bank storage zones may not be major sinks for nitrate in coastal rivers but can act as effective sinks for groundwater nitrate. By extension, tidal bank storage zones provide a critical ecosystem service, reducing contributions of groundwater nitrate, which is often derived from septic tanks and fertilizers, to coastal rivers.
Global analysis of human glycosyltransferases reveals novel targets for pancreatic cancer pathogenesis
Authors: Gupta Rohitesh , Leon Frank , Thompson Christopher M. , Nimmakayala Ramakrishna , Karmakar Saswati , Nallasamy Palanisamy , Chugh Seema , Prajapati Dipakkumar R. , Rachagani Satyanarayana , Kumar Sushil , Ponnusamy Moorthy P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Several reports have shown the role of glycosylation in pancreatic cancer (PC), but a global systematic screening of specific glycosyltransferases (glycoTs) in its progression remains unknown.

Methods
We demonstrate a rigorous top-down approach using TCGA-based RNA-Seq analysis, multi-step validation using RT-qPCR, immunoblots and immunohistochemistry. We identified six unique glycoTs (B3GNT3, B4GALNT3, FUT3, FUT6, GCNT3 and MGAT3) in PC pathogenesis and studied their function using CRISPR/Cas9-based KD systems.

Results
Serial metastatic in vitro models using T3M4 and HPAF/CD18, generated in house, exhibited decreases in B3GNT3, FUT3 and GCNT3 expression on increasing metastatic potential. Immunohistochemistry identified clinical significance for GCNT3, B4GALNT3 and MGAT3 in PC. Furthermore, the effects of B3GNT3, FUT3, GCNT3 and MGAT3 were shown on proliferation, migration, EMT and stem cell markers in CD18 cell line. Talniflumate, GCNT3 inhibitor, reduced colony formation and migration in T3M4 and CD18 cells. Moreover, we found that loss of GCNT3 suppresses PC progression and metastasis by downregulating cell cycle genes and β-catenin/MUC4 axis. For GCNT3, proteomics revealed downregulation of MUC5AC, MUC1, MUC5B including many other proteins.

Conclusions
Collectively, we demonstrate a critical role of O- and N-linked glycoTs in PC progression and delineate the mechanism encompassing the role of GCNT3 in PC.
Inhibition of topoisomerase IIA (Top2α) induces telomeric DNA damage and T cell dysfunction during chronic viral infection
Authors: Dang Xindi , Ogbu Stella C. , Zhao Juan , Nguyen Lam Ngoc Thao , Cao Dechao , Nguyen Lam Nhat , Khanal Sushant , Schank Madison , Thakuri Bal Krishna Chand , Wu Xiao Y. , Morrison Zheng D. , Zhang Jinyu , Li Zhengke , El Gazzar Mohamed , Ning Shunbin , Wang Ling , Wang Zhengqiang , Moorman Jonathan P. , Yao Zhi Q. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractT cells play a critical role in controlling viral infection; however, the mechanisms regulating their responses remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of topoisomerase IIA (Top2α, an enzyme that is essential in resolving entangled DNA strands during replication) in telomeric DNA damage and T cell dysfunction during viral infection. We demonstrated that T cells derived from patients with chronic viral (HBV, HCV, and HIV) infection had lower Top2α protein levels and enzymatic activity, along with an accumulation of the Top2α cleavage complex (Top2cc) in genomic DNA. In addition, T cells from virally infected subjects with lower Top2α levels were vulnerable to Top2α inhibitor-induced cell apoptosis, indicating an important role for Top2α in preventing DNA topological disruption and cell death. Using Top2α inhibitor (ICRF193 or Etoposide)-treated primary T cells as a model, we demonstrated that disrupting the DNA topology promoted DNA damage and T cell apoptosis via Top2cc accumulation that is associated with protein-DNA breaks (PDB) at genomic DNA. Disruption of the DNA topology was likely due to diminished expression of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2), which was inhibited in T cells in vitro by Top2α inhibitor and in vivo by chronic viral infection. These results suggest that immune-evasive viruses (HBV, HCV, and HIV) can disrupt T cell DNA topology as a mechanism of dysregulating host immunity and establishing chronic infection. Thus, restoring the DNA topologic machinery may serve as a novel strategy to protect T cells from unwanted DNA damage and to maintain immune competence.
Comprehensive genomic analysis of dietary habits in UK Biobank identifies hundreds of genetic associations
Authors: Cole Joanne B. , Florez Jose C. , Hirschhorn Joel N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnhealthful dietary habits are leading risk factors for life-altering diseases and mortality. Large-scale biobanks now enable genetic analysis of traits with modest heritability, such as diet. We perform a genomewide association on 85 single food intake and 85 principal component-derived dietary patterns from food frequency questionnaires in UK Biobank. We identify 814 associated loci, including olfactory receptor associations with fruit and tea intake; 136 associations are only identified using dietary patterns. Mendelian randomization suggests our top healthful dietary pattern driven by wholemeal vs. white bread consumption is causally influenced by factors correlated with education but is not strongly causal for coronary artery disease or type 2 diabetes. Overall, we demonstrate the value in complementary phenotyping approaches to complex dietary datasets, and the utility of genomic analysis to understand the relationships between diet and human health.