bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Stainless Steel Reflector at VR-1 Training Reactor
Authors: Frybort Jan , Suk Pavel , Fejt Filip 
Published: September 2020

Light-water reactor cores are commonly surrounded by a stainless steel and water reflector. The reflectors are improving power distribution in the core, reducing the leakage of neutrons and thus also protecting the pressurized vessel from the neutron irradiation and the following embrittlement. Contrary to the standard procedures utilized for generation of the fuel assembly data, the reflector elements require a special approach. The major difficulty with the reflectors is represented by an absence of neutron sources in the reflector elements. Some artificial neutron source simulating the realistic source of neutrons from neutron leakage from the surrounding fuel assemblies must be added in the calculation model. The reflector data in the full-core calculations have a great impact on the power distribution in the core. The research in this field is usually focused on the square geometry, and therefore the accurate data for the hexagonal geometry are lacking. Improvements in this area are needed.
Training Reactor VR-1 is used for measurements related to nuclear engineering. Department of Nuclear Reactors operating this reactor at the Czech Technical University in Prague is currently designing reflector elements containing stainless steel in order to provide measurable characteristics that can be compared to calculations realized by either Monte-Carlo codes or macroscopic core simulators. This article summarizes the methodology of development of the reflector assemblies to improve their similarity with the VVER-1000 reflector. The impact of the evaluated nuclear data is assessed. Further improvements of the proposed design is necessary to reach better agreement with the neutron spectrum in VVER-1000 reactor reflectors. The influence of evaluated data on the global characteristics was found negligible.
National Criticality Experiments Research Center (NCERC) - capabilities and recent measurements
Authors: Thompson Nicholas , Hutchinson Jesson , Bahran Rian , Hayes David , Myers William , Arthur Jennifer , Bounds John , Cutler Theresa , Dinwiddie Derek , Goda Joetta , Grove Travis , Little Robert , McKenzie George , McSpaden Alex , Sanchez Rene , Sood Avneet , White Morgan , Margevicius Robert 
Published: September 2020

The National Criticality Experiments Research Center (NCERC) located at the Device Assembly Facility (DAF) at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) and operated by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is home to four critical assemblies which are used to support of range of missions, including nuclear criticality safety and nuclear nonproliferation. Additionally, subcritical systems can also be assembled at NCERC. NCERC is providing critical and subcritical experiments valuable to the nuclear data community and experiments performed at NCERC are often published as benchmarks in the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) Handbook. This manuscript will give a broad overview of recent experiments performed at NCERC, upcoming experiments, and why integral measurements are important and useful to the nuclear data community.
The four critical assemblies are GODIVA IV, FLATTOP, COMET, and PLANET. GODIVA IV is a cylindrical metal fast burst reactor, the fourth in the GODIVA series that dates back to the 1950’s. FLATTOP is an highly enriched uranium (HEU) or Pu core reflected by natural uranium. COMET and PLANET are vertical lift assemblies, where one half of the reactor can be lifted to the upper half of the reactor to create a critical system. Some recent experiments include various critical intermediate energy assemblies with lead, and subcritical measurements of plutonium reflected by copper, tungsten, and nickel. Work is also underway to make a better measurement of the critical mass of neptunium, using a neptunium sphere surrounded by nickel shells. Additionally, measurements will be performed next year with HEU shells from Rocky Flats. These HEU shells will be stacked together to make larger systems, allowing for a large range of criticality (from subcritical to delayed critical). Other upcoming measurements include an HEU critical assembly sensitive to intermediate energy neutrons.
Validation of JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data libraries in ANSWERS codes
Authors: Ware Tim , Hanlon David , Hosking Glynn , Perry Ray , Richards Simon 
Published: September 2020

The JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 evaluated nuclear data libraries were released in December 2017 and February 2018 respectively. Both evaluations represent a comprehensive update to their predecessor evaluations. The ANSWERS Software Service produces the MONK® and MCBEND Monte Carlo codes, and the WIMS deterministic code for nuclear criticality, shielding and reactor physics applications. MONK and MCBEND can utilise continuous energy nuclear data provided by the BINGO nuclear data library and MONK and WIMS can utilise broad energy group data (172 group XMAS scheme) via the WIMS nuclear data library. To produce the BINGO library, the BINGO Pre-Processor code is used to process ENDF-6 format evaluations. This utilises the RECONR-BROADR-PURR sequence of NJOY2016 to reconstruct and Doppler broaden the free gas neutron cross sections together with bespoke routines to generate cumulative distributions for the S(α,β) tabulations and equi-probable bins or probability functions for the secondary angle and energy data.
To produce the WIMS library, NJOY2016 is again used to reconstruct and Doppler broaden the cross sections. The THERMR module is used to process the thermal scattering data. Preparation of data for system-dependent resonance shielding of some nuclides is performed. GROUPR is then used to produce the group averaged data before all the data are transformed into the specific WIMS library format.
The MONK validation includes analyses based on around 800 configurations for a range of fuel and moderator types. The WIMS validation includes analyses of zero-energy critical and sub-critical, commissioning, operational and post-irradiation experiments for a range of fuel and moderator types. This paper presents and discusses the results of MONK and WIMS validation benchmark calculations using the JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 based BINGO and WIMS nuclear data libraries.
A Concise Route to MK-4482 (EIDD-2801) from Cytidine: Part 2
Authors: Snead David R. , Gopalsamuthiram Vijayagopal , Williams Corshai , Noble Jeffrey , Jamison Timothy F. , Gupton B. Frank 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new route to MK-4482 was developed. The route replaces uridine with the more available and less expensive cytidine. Low-cost, simple reagents are used for the chemical transformations, and the yield is improved from 17% to 44%. A step is removed from the longest linear sequence, and these advancements are expected to expand access to MK-4482 should it become a viable drug substance.
Accuracy of the Preferred Language Field in the Electronic Health Records of Two Canadian Hospitals
Authors: Rajaram Akshay , Thomas Daniel , Sallam Faten , Verma Amol A. , Rawal Shail 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background The collection of race, ethnicity, and language (REaL) data from patients is advocated as a first step to identify, monitor, and improve health inequities. As a result, many health care institutions collect patients' preferred languages in their electronic health records (EHRs). These data may be used in clinical care, research, and quality improvement. However, the accuracy of EHR language data are rarely assessed.
Objectives This study aimed to audit the accuracy of EHR language data at two academic hospitals in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Methods The EHR language was compared with a patient's stated preferred language by interview. Language was dichotomized to English or non-English. Agreement between language documented in the EHR and patient-reported preferred language was calculated using sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV).
Results A total of 323 patients were interviewed, including 96 with a stated non-English preferred language. The sensitivity of the EHR for English-language preference was high at both hospitals: 100% at hospital A with a PPV of 88%, and 99% at hospital B with a PPV of 85%. However, the sensitivity of the EHR for non-English preference differed greatly between the two hospitals. The sensitivity was 81% with a PPV of 100% at hospital A and the sensitivity was 12% with a PPV of 60% at hospital B.
Conclusion The accuracy of the EHR for identifying non-English language preference differed greatly between the hospitals studied. Language data must be accurate for it to be used, and regular quality assurance is required.
Influence of Pilates Method on Nonspecific Lumbar Pain
Authors: Schimidt Ana Carla , Herzinger Paula de Oliveira , Matias Danielle Pacheco , Welling Leonardo C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow back pain is defined as pain located between the lower rib cage and the gluteal folds, and its etiology is multifactorial, considerably affecting quality of life. The aim of this literature review was to analyze the influence of the Pilates method on the symptoms of patients with nonspecific low back pain, which is considered a promising treatment for this type of pathology. A narrative review of the literature was carried out using the PubMed, Pedro, Scopus and Scielo databases. To perform the search, Pilates AND Low back nonspecific AND Pain were used as keywords. Articles published in the last 5 years, randomized clinical trials that verified the influence of the Pilates method in adult individuals with unspecified low back pain and full text in English were included. Of the 77 articles identified, 7 articles met the inclusion criteria, 7 analyzed the primary outcomes of pain intensity and disability, 5 articles compared Pilates with other rehabilitation techniques and 2 studies compared the effectiveness of Pilates solo with Pilates apparatus. It was concluded that all the techniques that were compared with Pilates are effective, being difficult to affirm the superiority of Pilates over them in relation to the reduction of pain and disability and improvement of quality of life. However, the Pilates method has shown good results in pain perception and intensity, functional capacity, fear of movement and the idea that movement can worsen your condition, muscle strength, range of motion and flexibility.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Angiotherapy for Gastric Varices—A Small Retrospective Study
Authors: Sharma Kapil , Sharma Mamta , Singh Sanchit 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Conventional n-butyl-cyanoacrylate (CYA) recommended for secondary prophylaxis of gastric varices (GV) is associated with significant rebleeding and glue embolism. Limited data are available on more successful and less risky endoscopic ultrasound-guided coils and CYA (EUS-Coils-CYA) injection in GV.
Methods We present a retrospective case series of 12 patients with GV bleeding managed successfully with EUS-Coils-CYA injection leading to variceal eradication in 11 patients.
Results From January 2018 to June 2019, 12 cases of GV, which were either bleeding or bled recently, were included. Complete obliteration was achieved in 91.6% of patients with 100% technical success. Mean number of deployed coils and volume of injected CYA glue were 1.16 and 1.58 mL, respectively.
Conclusions EUS-guided angiotherapy is an effective and safe intervention for managing GV bleeding with high technical success rate.
Lifting the smokescreen of science diplomacy: comparing the political instrumentation of science and innovation centres
Authors: Epping Elisabeth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe notion of science diplomacy (SD) has increasingly gained momentum in recent years, however, it remains an empirically largely underexplored topic. This paper contributes to the study of SD by taking an instrument-centred perspective and focusses on science and innovation centres (SIC), a novel policy instrument in the science diplomacy toolbox. SIC are distinct units or satellite institutes, established by governments abroad, operating at the nexus of higher education, research, innovation, and diplomacy. Based on a comparative analysis, this article examines the rise of SIC in Germany and Switzerland. By means of applying a policy instrumentation lens, the career and development of the two SIC is retraced and insights are generated into their political instrumentation. Doing so contributes to unfold the blackbox of what is generally labelled as SD. In-depth interviews and analysis serve as the empirical foundation of this study. Ultimately, the results of this policy instrument study uncover the similarities and differences in SIC development and reveal their political instrumentation over time. It becomes evident that the objectives linked to SIC, and hence SD, are clearly motivated by national needs. Furthermore, notions of SD are reflective of a certain Zeitgeist that is mirrored in the design of an overall, new, policy yet also marks a relabelling of long-existing practices. This study, accordingly, contributes to the knowledge base of SD as it enhances the scholarly understanding of SD instruments in terms of history, actors and political instrumentation while also offering a theoretical anchoring.
An ethnolinguistic repositioning of the Balmiki language of Odisha
Authors: Pattanayak Subrat Kalyan , Dash Biswanandan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Language identification is a complex process. In most cases, the processes of language identification by governmental
agencies are based on their political compulsions and intentions. Even objective studies made by linguists are not free from the flaws of
their philosophical background. This kind of lack of objectivity in establishing linguistic identities may lead to linguistic right
movements. In this context, an ethnolinguistic analysis to establish the identity of a language becomes important. The cases of Balmiki and
Kupia represent a situation where the linguistic identities of many languages are equally disputable due to the lack of scientific and
objective studies. They are listed as different languages in many governmental and non-governmental reports. Linguists who have worked on
these languages held the view that Balmiki is an isolated language spoken in Odisha only and is certainly different from Kupia, which is
spoken in Andhra Pradesh. The present study attempts to ascertain the ethnolinguistic position of Balmiki vis-à-vis Kupia using
bibliographical evidence. It concludes that Balmiki and Kupia are one and the same language. It also finds that it is well recorded and
studied by different scholars since long.
Mechanisms of semantic change
Authors: Wong May L-Y 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the mechanisms of semantic change in the creation of ten Cantonese slang words. It demonstrates with synchronic evidence that metaphorization, metonymization and (inter)subjectification are three principal driving forces behind the shift in meaning. It is argued thatTraugott and Dasher’s (2002)Invited Inferencing Theory of Semantic Change (IITSC), initially proposed for and widely used in the context of grammaticalization, is equally useful for the study of neologisms – in this case, the relatively recent slang expressions in Cantonese. These monosyllabic lexemes are shown to have followed the same unidirectional pathway of semantic change – that is, the shift from non-subjective meaning to encoded (inter)subjective meaning – outlined in their model of semantic change.
From topic marker to case marker
Authors: Xu Dan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The case model of the syncretic case [xa] in the Gansu-Qinghai area came from non-Sinitic languages, while the phonetic
form came from Sinitic languages (“Sinitic languages” are usually called “Chinese dialects” in the Chinese linguistic community). The paper
shows that this marker [xa] may come from a topic marker and topic chain markers in Sinitic languages. The accusative/dative marker
formation was motivated by pragmatic factors. This phenomenon is also found in other languages. The syncretic use of cases is commonplace in
languages across the world, whereas the accusative/dative marker [xa] is one of the prominent features in Sinitic languages in the
Gansu-Qinghai area. The accusative/dative case formation did not know an even speed in Sinitic languages. It seems that Wutun and Tangwang
evolved rapidly while Linxia and Gangou changed with an intermediate rhythm. Qinghai languages are the closest to Tibetic languages, but
paradoxically they seem to be more conservative and do not adopt dative markers in possessor and experiencer constructions which are seen
overwhelmingly in Tibetic languages. However, other Sinitic languages have adopted this marking progressively and steadily. The language
model of the syncretic marker [xa] is not from a single language. Amdo Tibetan as well as Mongolic languages have contributed to the case
formation of [xa] in Sinitic languages. This paper proposes that an Intertwining Model helped the spread of case formation
in this zone. Languages of one group or of one language family have influenced each other at different periods. The results of case
formation we note today constitute a net-like relationships connected to various languages, but not a neat and linear path.
The structural uniqueness of languages and the value of comparison for language description
Authors: Haspelmath Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper shows why it is not a contradiction to say that each language is structurally unique and must be described with its own categories, but language description profits enormously from typological knowledge. It has sometimes been suggested that the Boasian imperative (“each language should be described in its own terms”) leads to uninsightful analyses, and that language description should instead be “typologically informed”. But the Boasian imperative is not at all incompatible with an intimate connection between description and comparison: Comparative (or typological) knowledge is highly valuable both for making our descriptions transparent and comprehensible, and for helping describers to ask a wide range of questions that would not have occurred to them otherwise. Since we do not know whether any of the building blocks of languages are innate and universal for this reason, we cannot rely on general frameworks (of the generative type) for our descriptions, but we can use typological questionnaires and other kinds of comparative information as a scaffold. Such scaffolds are not theoretical components of the description, but are important methodological tools.
Rigid elastic solids in relativity
Authors: Natário José 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
After briefly reviewing the theory of relativistic elasticity, we expand a general elastic Lagrangian to quadratic order and compute the main parameters for the linear elasticity of relativistic solids: the longitudinal and transverse speeds of sound, the Poisson ratio, and the bulk, shear and Young moduli. Using these, we discuss which Lagrangian is the best choice to model a relativistic rigid elastic solid.
Light propagation in anisotropic and metamaterial media by a Finslerian vector eikonal method
Authors: Liñares Jesús , Moreno Vicente , Nistal María C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A systematic study of light propagation in anisotropic and metamaterial media is presented by using a Finslerian vector eikonal method, that is, by considering the approximation of very short wavelengths of light in Maxwell’s equations and using particular metric tensors of the general Finsler metric tensor induced by an anisotropic medium. Green’s vector functions, and therefore general solutions, are obtained as a product of a complex scalar function with a local polarization unitary vector. The phase

L

r

(wave surface or eikonal function) of such a complex scalar function is calculated using a Fermat integral derived from the Maxwell equations. This integral can be considered as the integral form of the eikonal equation and provides a Finslerian metric tensor which allows, together with energy conservation in anisotropic media, the derivation of a general expression depending on the eikonal function for obtaining the scalar amplitude

A

(

r

)

of such a complex function. Likewise, the local polarization unitary vector
u
(
r
) is calculated by solving an approximated homogeneous linear equations system also depending on the eikonal function. Exact solutions are obtained for uniaxial materials and hyperbolic metamaterials, and approximate solutions are proposed for biaxial materials. Finally, an approximated vector Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction formula is presented by using vector Green’s functions in order to study optical propagation. For the sake of completeness, interference patterns produced by anisotropic materials are presented using the results obtained. This systematic study of anisotropic and metamaterial media by a Finslerian vector eikonal method is intended in particular for university physics teachers and as an advanced topic for undergraduate and first year postgraduate students.
Mechanical resonance in the rear wheels of a shopping trolley
Authors: Lindén Johan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A mechanical resonance phenomenon in the rear wheels of a common shopping trolley is investigated. The trolley examined in this paper has the rear wheels attached to long beams, with no horizontal bar connecting the beams. The beams are thus free to vibrate along their entire lengths. In a resonant mode the beams vibrate with a small amplitude in a direction perpendicular to the general motion of the trolley and the wheels, attached to the beams by ball bearings, vibrate around a vertical axis, with an amplitude of several degrees. The trolley may enter the resonance if the rear wheels hit a small object, e.g. a grain of gravel, or if one of the wheels is tapped when the loaded trolley is in motion. The resonance is stable and lasts until the trolley is slowed down enough, or stopped. The resonance mode is modeled analytically and the resulting differential equations are solved numerically. Comparison is made to experimental data obtained using a high-speed video camera.
Spectroscopic proprieties of the ground and the higher excited states of the KCs
Authors: Habli Héla , Mejrissi Leila , Jellali Soulef , Oujia Brahim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Potential energy curves, spectroscopic parameters, electric dipole moments (PEDM and TEDM) and vibrational levels’ spacing for 141Σ+, 133Σ+, 81,3Π, and 31,3Δ electronic states, including the ionic limit K−Cs+, are highly computed and presented in adiabatic representation. These properties are determined by the use of an ab initio method involving non-empirical pseudo-potentials, the core polarization potentials, the l-dependent cut-off functions, and the full valence configuration interaction. An important shape where an ionic state behaving as (−1/R), has been clearly pointed out in the 1Σ+ symmetry. This irregularity has been made due to the ionic charge transfer state (K−Cs+), which induces a series of avoided crossings at intermediate and long internuclear ranges. It is interesting to note that the ionic character linked to the ionic charge transfer K−Cs+ state has been clearly illustrated in the PEDM. The current calculations on the KCs molecule are complementary to the published theoretical works, including recently observed electronic states that had not been calculated previously. For the low-lying electric states, spectroscopic constants, PEDM, as well as TEDM are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The relevant data of the KCs molecule are meaningful and useful in several prospective experiments such as photo-association experiments or the manipulation of ultra-cold molecules.