bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myositis with sarcoplasmic inclusions in Nakajo–Nishimura syndrome: a genetic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Ayaki T. , Murata K. , Kanazawa N. , Uruha A. , Ohmura K. , Sugie K. , Kasagi S. , Li F. , Mori M. , Nakajima R. , Sasai T. , Nishino I. , Ueno S. , Urushitani M. , Furukawa F. , Ito H. , Takahashi R. 
Published: March 2020

AimsNakajo–Nishimura syndrome (NNS) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by biallelic mutations in the PSMB8 gene that encodes the immunoproteasome subunit β5i. There have been only a limited number of reports on the clinicopathological features of the disease in genetically confirmed cases.MethodsWe studied clinical and pathological features of three NNS patients who all carry the homozygous p.G201V mutations in PSMB8. Patients’ muscle specimens were analysed with histology and immunohistochemistry.ResultsAll patients had episodes of typical periodic fever and skin rash, and later developed progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, similar to previous reports. Oral corticosteroid was used for treatment but showed no obvious efficacy. On muscle pathology, lymphocytes were present in the endomysium surrounding non‐necrotic fibres, as well as in the perimysium perivascular area. Nearly all fibres strongly expressed MHC‐I in the sarcolemma. In the eldest patient, there were abnormal protein aggregates in the sarcoplasm, immunoreactive to p62, TDP‐43 and ubiquitin antibodies.ConclusionsThese results suggest that inflammation, inclusion pathology and aggregation of abnormal proteins underlie the progressive clinical course of the NNS pathomechanism.
A spontaneous recovery of anti‐galactocerebroside antibody‐associated encephalitis without evidence of Mycoplasma infection
Authors: Tadokoro Koh , Omote Yoshio , Osakada Yosuke , Ikegami Ken , Sato Kota , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Yamashita Toru , Abe Koji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnti‐galactocerebroside (Gal‐C) antibody is characteristic of encephalomyelitis and Guillain‐Barré syndrome subsequent to mycoplasma infection. Here, we report a 75‐year‐old Japanese man who presented somnolence, signs of meningeal irritation, and parkinsonian features with positive serum inflammatory markers and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis. Although anti‐Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody was negative, anti‐Gal‐C antibody was later detected in his serum. The present case recovered spontaneously without any other specific therapies.
Impact of nurse staffing on intent to leave, job satisfaction, and occupational injuries in Korean hospitals: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shin Sujin , Oh Seung Jin , Kim Jeonghyun , Lee Inyoung , Bae Sung‐Heui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine nurse staffing in comprehensive nursing care units in Korea and examine the corresponding nurse outcomes, including intent to leave, job satisfaction, and occupational injuries. A total of 356 nurses working in comprehensive nursing care units at eight small‐medium sized Korean hospitals participated in this cross‐sectional study. In the day, evening, and night shifts, nurse staffing ranged from 9.00 to 24.82, 9.04 to 24.26, and 9.02 to 25.80, respectively. The nurse staffing on each shift did not have a significant impact on nursesʼ intent to leave, job satisfaction, and occupational injuries. However, workload had a strong relationship with intent to leave and job satisfaction. Voluntary overtime was related to occupational injuries. These findings demonstrate that workload is an important factor for intent to leave and job satisfaction among nurses working in comprehensive nursing care units. Improvements of the work environment, as well as rearrangement of nurse workload to account for patient acuity and nursing needs, are required for the future expansion of comprehensive nursing care services.
High‐throughput drone‐based remote sensing reliably tracks phenology in thousands of conifer seedlings
Authors: D'Odorico Petra , Besik Ariana , Wong Christopher Y. S. , Isabel Nathalie , Ensminger Ingo 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Phenology is an important indicator of environmental variation and climate change impacts on tree responses. In conifers, monitoring phenology of photosynthesis through remote sensing has been unreliable, because needle foliage varies little throughout the year. This is challenging for modelling ecosystem carbon uptake and monitoring phenology for enhanced breeding (genomic selection) and forest health.

Here, we demonstrate that drone‐based carotenoid‐sensitive spectral indices, such as the Chl/carotenoid index (CCI), can be used to track phenology in conifers by taking advantage of the close relationship between seasonally changing carotenoid levels and the variation of photosynthetic activity.

Physiological ground measurements, including photosynthetic pigments and maximum quantum yield of Chl fluorescence, indicated that CCI tracked the variation of photosynthetic activity better than other vegetation indices for 30 white spruce seedlings measured over 1 yr. A machine‐learning approach, using CCI derived from drone‐based multispectral imagery, was used to model phenology of photosynthesis for the entire pedigree population (6000 seedlings).

This high‐throughput drone‐based phenotyping approach is suitable for studying climate change impacts and environmental variation on the physiological status of thousands of field‐grown conifers at unprecedented speed and scale.
The establishment of the Asia‐Pacific Oral Cancer Network—Inaugural stakeholders' Meeting
Authors: Syed Mohd Sobri Sharifah Nur Syamim , Kanapathy Jananezwary , Liew Chee Sun , Cheong Sok Ching 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe majority of oral cancer cases occur in Asia and the incidence is expected to continue to rise. Oral cancer is amenable to early detection through visual oral examination yet in many Asian countries, the disease presents at a late stage. The barriers to early detection are similar across the Asia‐Pacific countries therefore, strategies to address these could be more effective if there were concerted efforts and joint resources amongst the countries. To facilitate better engagement and collaboration between stakeholders in oral cancer detection and management, the Asia‐Pacific Oral Cancer Network (APOCNET) was established and the inaugural meeting was held in Kuala Lumpur on the 13th to 15th of September 2019. In this meeting, we identified the challenges faced in the early detection and management of oral cancer amongst the stakeholder countries, showcased the successful oral cancer programs in the region and identified strategic areas for collaboration. For this, notable international speakers and those from local universities and the Ministry of Health Malaysia were invited to share their experiences. The lessons learned from our neighbouring countries could lead to the implementation of similar programs that could help reduce the oral cancer burden in the region.
Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: González‐Moles Miguel Ángel , Warnakulasuriya Saman , González‐Ruiz Isabel , González‐Ruiz Lucía , Ayén Ángela , Lenouvel Daniel , Ruiz‐Ávila Isabel , Ramos‐García Pablo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective was to assess the global oral lichen planus prevalence. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before September 2019. We evaluated the quality of studies and carried out several meta‐analyses. The global pooled prevalence was 1.01%, with a marked geographical difference (p < .001). The highest prevalence was reported from Europe (1.43%) and the lowest in India (0.49%), where tobacco‐associated keratosis appears to mask oral lichen planus resulting in attenuation of its prevalence. From the age of 40 years, the prevalence increases significantly and progressively (OR = 3.43, 95% CI = 2.48–4.73, p < .001). Studies that define diagnostic criteria report a higher prevalence (1.31% vs. 0.70%, p = .03), although the application of the WHO criteria (year 1978‐2007) does not increase the ability to diagnose the disease compared with other criteria (p = .11). The studies performed by oral medicine/oral pathology specialists report significantly higher prevalence (1.80%) than dentists (0.61%) and dermatologists (0.33%; p < .001). In conclusion, we propose that reliable diagnostic criteria should be defined, which should include a set of essential criteria including the presence of white reticular lesions in any location of the oral mucosa. The impact of histopathological confirmation with defined diagnostic criteria must be researched in the future, although its main use should be to determine the presence or absence of epithelial dysplasia. The necessity to improve the knowledge of oral lichen planus among dentists and dermatologists through continuing education is apparent in the results of this meta‐analysis.
Interatrial block can occur in the absence of left atrial enlargement: New experimental model
Authors: Guerra Jose M. , Vilahur Gemma , Bayés de Luna Antoni , Cabrera Jose Angel , Martínez‐Sellés Manuel , Mendieta Guiomar , Baranchuk Adrián , Sánchez‐Quintana Damián 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe present the surface electrocardiogram of an open‐chest anesthetized healthy adult swine after direct application of ice at the transversus sinus of the pericardium where the Bachmann's region is located. Gradual and transient interatrial block (IAB) in the absence of structural atrial disease is described. This new experimental model demonstrated that IAB is an independent entity from left atrial enlargement.
Peripheral Nerve Field Stimulation for Chronic Back Pain: Therapy Outcome Predictive Factors
Authors: van Gorp Eric‐Jan , Eldabe Sam , Slavin Konstantin V. , Rigoard Philippe , Goossens Stefaan , Mielke Dorothee , Barolat Giancarlo , Declerck Christ , Gilmore Chris , Gültuna Ismaïl , Vissers Kris C.P. , Tinsley Jennifer , Likar Rudolf , Luyet Pierre‐Philippe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify variables that influence pain reduction following peripheral nerve field stimulation (PNFS) in order to identify a potential responder profile.MethodsExploratory univariate and multivariate (random forest) analyses were performed separately on 2 randomized controlled trials and a registry; all included patients with chronic back pain, mainly failed back surgery syndrome. An international expert panel judged the clinical relevance of variables to identify responders by consensus.ResultsVariables identified that may help predict PNFS success in patients with back pain include patient and pain characteristics (age, time since onset of pain and spinal surgery, pain medication history, position and size of pain area, pain severity, mixed nociceptive/neuropathic pain, health‐related quality of life, depression, functional disability, and leg pain status), implant procedure variables (the number and position of leads, paresthesia coverage, and amount of pain relief during the trial), and programming (number of programs, cathodes, and anodes; pulse rate; pulse width; and percentage of device usage).ConclusionsWhile these analyses are exploratory and restricted to a limited sample size, they suggest variables that may play a role in predicting a therapeutic response. These results, however, are informative only and should be cautiously interpreted. Future research to validate the variables in a clinical study is needed.
Acute kidney injury without previous renal disease in critical care unit
Authors: Piyaphanee Nuntawan , Chaiyaumporn Sivaporn , Phumeetham Suwannee , Lomjansook Kraisoon , Sumboonnanonda Achra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized and critically ill children. Apart from primary kidney disease, etiologies of AKI are usually related to systemic disease and nephrotoxic insult. This study examines the incidence, characteristics, and mortality risks of AKI in critically ill children without primary renal disease or previously known chronic kidney disease.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients aged 1–18 years, diagnosed with AKI (excluding severe glomerulonephritis and previously known chronic kidney disease) in pediatric intensive care units between 2013 and 2016. Acute kidney injury was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes classifications. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between the risk factors and mortality.ResultsOf 1,377 pediatric intensive care unit patients, 253 (18.4%) developed AKI and only 169 (12.3%) who did not have previously known renal disease were included. Of these 169 AKI patients, the mean age was 8.1 ± 4.7 years; 88 (52.1%) patients were male; and 60 (35.5%) patients had AKI stage 3. The most common etiologies of AKI were sepsis (76.9%) and shock (64.5%). Fifty‐three (31.4%) of those patients died during admission. The risk factors for death were the need for mechanical ventilation (adjusted hazard ratio, 17.82; 95% CI, 2.41–132.06) and AKI stage 3 (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.07–5.00).ConclusionsAcute kidney injury in critically ill children without previously known renal disease was approximately two‐thirds of the overall incidence. The risk factors of in‐hospital death were the use of mechanical ventilation, and AKI stage 3.
The immune response of inbred laboratory mice to Litomosoides sigmodontis: A route to discovery in myeloid cell biology
Authors: Finlay Conor M. , Allen Judith E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLitomosoides sigmodontis is the only filarial nematode where the full life cycle, from larval delivery to the skin through to circulating microfilaria, can be completed in immunocompetent laboratory mice. It is thus an invaluable tool for the study of filariasis. It has been used for the study of novel anti‐helminthic therapeutics, the development of vaccines against filariasis, the development of immunomodulatory drugs for the treatment of inflammatory disease and the study of basic immune responses to filarial nematodes. This review will focus on the latter and aims to summarize how the L sigmodontis model has advanced our basic understanding of immune responses to helminths, led to major discoveries in macrophage biology and provided new insights into the immunological functions of the pleural cavity. Finally, and most importantly L sigmodontis represents a suitable platform to study how host genotype affects immune responses, with the potential for further discovery in myeloid cell biology and beyond.
Tracking host infection and reproduction of Peronospora salviae‐officinalis using an improved method for confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Hoffmeister Mascha , Maier Wolfgang , Thines Marco , Becker Yvonne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPeronospora salviae‐officinalis, the causal agent of downy mildew on common sage, is an obligate biotrophic pathogen. It grows in the intercellular spaces of the leaf tissue of sage and forms intracellular haustoria to interface with host cells. Although P. salviae‐officinalis was described as a species of its own 10 years ago, the infection process remains obscure. To address this, a histological study of various infection events, from the adhesion of conidia on the leaf surface to de novo sporulation is presented here. As histological studies of oomycetes are challenging due to the lack of chitin in their cell wall, we also present an improved method for staining downy mildews for confocal laser scanning microscopy as well as evaluating the potential of autofluorescence of fixed nonstained samples. For staining, a 1:1 mixture of aniline blue and trypan blue was found most suitable and was used for staining of oomycete and plant structures, allowing discrimination between them as well as the visualization of plant immune responses. The method was also used to examine samples of Peronospora lamii on Lamium purpureum and Peronospora belbahrii on Ocimum basilicum, demonstrating the potential of the presented histological method for studying the infection processes of downy mildews in general.
The big shill
Authors: Simpson Robert Mark , Michaelson Eliot 
Published: March 2020

AbstractShills are people who endorse products and companies for pay, while pretending that their endorsements are ingenuous. Here we argue that there is something objectionable about shilling that is not reducible to its bad consequences, the lack of epistemic conscientiousness it often relies upon, or to the shill's insincerity. Indeed, we take it as a premise of our inquiry that shilling can sometimes be sincere, and that its wrongfulness is not mitigated by the shill's sincerity, in cases where the shill is sincere. Our proposal is that the shill's defining characteristic is their knowingly engaging in a kind of speech that obscures a certain aspect of its social status—most commonly, by pretending to speak on their own personal behalf, while in fact speaking as an employee—and that this sort of behaviour is objectionable irrespective of any other features of the shill's conduct. This sort of obfuscation undermines a socially beneficial communicative custom, in which we conscientiously mark the distinction between personal speech and speech‐for‐hire.
Recent progress in bovine in vitro‐derived embryo cryotolerance: Impact of in vitro culture systems, advances in cryopreservation and future considerations
Authors: Ferré Luis B. , Kjelland Michael E. , Taiyeb Ahmed M. , Campos‐Chillon Fernando , Ross Pablo J. 
Published: March 2020

ContentsCryopreservation of in vitro‐derived bovine embryos is a crucial step for the widespread reproduction and conservation of valuable high‐merit animals. Given the current popularity of bovine in vitro embryo production (IVP), there is a demand for a highly efficient ultra‐low temperature storage method in order to maximize donor ovum pickup (OPU) turn‐over, recipient availability/utilization and domestic/overseas commercial trading opportunities. However, IVP bovine embryos are still very sensitive to chilling and cryopreservation, and despite recent progress, a convenient (simple and robust) protocol has not yet been developed. At the moment, there are two methods for bovine IVP embryo cryopreservation: slow programmable freezing and vitrification. Both of the aforementioned techniques have pros and cons. While controlled‐rate slow cooling can easily be adapted for direct transfer (DT), ice crystal formation remains an issue. On the other hand, vitrification solved this problem but the possibility of successful DT commercial incorporation remains to be determined. Moreover, simplification of the vitrification protocol (including warming) through the use of an in‐straw dilution without the use of a microscope is a prerequisite for its use under farm conditions. This review summarizes the bovine IVP embryo cryopreservation achievements, strengths and limitations of both freezing systems and prospective improvements to enhance cryosurvival, as well as perspectives on future directions of this assisted reproductive technology.
Moringa oleifera leaf flavonoids protect bovine mammary epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress in vitro
Authors: Liu Ji , Ma Guangming , Wang Yan , Zhang Yonggen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) of high‐producing dairy cows are subject to constant oxidative stress as a result of high metabolic rate and physiological adaptation to intensive farming. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf has been proposed to have the antioxidant potential in scavenging free radicals due to the presence of flavonoids. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effects of moringa leaf flavonoids in alleviating oxidative stress in BMECs in vitro. Oxidative stress was established by exposing isolated BMECs to H2O2 for 2 hr. Doses of moringa leaf flavonoids were evaluated by treating BMECs for 12 hr. The optimal concentrations of H2O2 and moringa leaf flavonoids were 500 μmol/L and 1.0 mg/ml, respectively. The results showed that moringa leaf flavonoids increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; and reduced malondialdehyde activity and intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the H2O2‐induced oxidative stress system. A Hoechst33258 staining assay revealed that moringa leaf flavonoids decreased the apoptosis rate in BMECs, while leaving membrane integrity and nucleolar morphology unchanged. We concluded that moringa leaf flavonoids have the antioxidant capacity to effectively reduce oxidative stress in BMECs.
Effect of Vedic music on steroidogenic gene expression in 3D‐cultured buffalo granulosa cell spheroids model system, a pilot study
Authors: Pandey Mamta , Singh Chhama , Goud Emmagouni Sharath K. , Vedamurthy Veerappa G. , Singh Dheer , Onteru Suneel Kumar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMusic is known for reducing stress, anxiety and depression, improving cognitive performance, and enhancing oestrogen levels. However, its effect on non‐auditory mammalian cell system and the molecular events leading to higher oestrogen levels is less explored. Therefore, the present study targeted to know the direct effects of a peaceful Vedic music on 3D cultured buffalo granulosa cell spheroids. The spheroids were daily exposed to the Mahamrityunjaya mantra, a kind of Vedic chants, for 1.5 hr for 6 days. After 6 days, the music effect was analysed by the expression analysis of steroidogenic (CYP19A1, STAR and HSD17β1) and proliferative marker (PCNA) genes. Interestingly, the CYP19A1 gene expression was significantly upregulated by 3.464 ± 0.15 folds in the music exposed spheroids than the non‐exposed spheroids. However, the expression of other steroidogenic and proliferative genes was unaltered. These observations provided a transcriptional clue for higher estradiol levels by the music and a scope to use Vedic chants for increasing the CYP19A1 expression to help tackle some pathophysiological conditions.
Human Error in Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Deployment: A System Dynamics Approach
Authors: Loh Tzu Yang , Brito Mario P. , Bose Neil , Xu Jingjing , Tenekedjiev Kiril 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe use of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for various applications have grown with maturing technology and improved accessibility. The deployment of AUVs for under‐ice marine science research in the Antarctic is one such example. However, a higher risk of AUV loss is present during such endeavors due to the extremities in the Antarctic. A thorough analysis of risks is therefore crucial for formulating effective risk control policies and achieving a lower risk of loss. Existing risk analysis approaches focused predominantly on the technical aspects, as well as identifying static cause and effect relationships in the chain of events leading to AUV loss. Comparatively, the complex interrelationships between risk variables and other aspects of risk such as human errors have received much lesser attention. In this article, a systems‐based risk analysis framework facilitated by system dynamics methodology is proposed to overcome existing shortfalls. To demonstrate usefulness of the framework, it is applied on an actual AUV program to examine the occurrence of human error during Antarctic deployment. Simulation of the resultant risk model showed an overall decline in human error incident rate with the increase in experience of the AUV team. Scenario analysis based on the example provided policy recommendations in areas of training, practice runs, recruitment policy, and setting of risk tolerance level. The proposed risk analysis framework is pragmatically useful for risk analysis of future AUV programs to ensure the sustainability of operations, facilitating both better control and monitoring of risk.