bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neovascular glaucoma in patients with central retinal vein occlusion: A real‐life study in the anti‐VEGF era
Authors: Casselholm de Salles Manuel , Lindberg Charlotte , Epstein David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the characteristics and treatment patterns of patients developing a neovascular event (NE) in the anterior chamber secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in an ordinary clinical setting.MethodsIn this retrospective real‐life study, data from 243 eyes presenting with CRVO during 2012–2013 were collected. Maximum follow‐up was 5 years. All patients that developed NE were included in the analysis.ResultsOf 243 eligible patients, 72 (30%) either presented with or developed NE during the follow‐up. In these 72 patients, 23 (32%) eyes already had evidence of NE at baseline. Twenty‐eight eyes (39%) developed NE after discontinuation of intravitreal therapy for macular oedema (ME). In this subgroup, the NE occurred 15.6 ± 13.8 months after the baseline visit and 4.1 ± 2.6 months after the last injection. Final best‐corrected visual acuity was 8.6 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters in the group of patients presenting with NE compared to 8.1 ETDRS letters in the group that developed NE later on. Of the patients presenting with intraocular pressure (IOP) below 30 mmHg, 3/29 (10%) needed subsequent cyclodiode laser therapy compared to 35/43 (81%) patients with a baseline IOP above 30 mmHg (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn a clinical setting, many patients show evidence of NE already at the first visit. A substantial part of patients develops NE a long time after presentation, commonly a few months after discontinuation of intravitreal therapy for ME. The visual prognosis is similar for patients presenting with NE and patients developing NE during follow‐up. A high baseline IOP predicts the need for subsequent pressure‐lowering procedures.
Placental transfer of pesticides studied in human placental perfusion
Authors: Mathiesen Line , Mørck Thit Aarøe , Poulsen Marie Sønnegaard , Nielsen Jeanette Kolstrup Søgaard , Mose Tina , Long Manhai , Bonefeld‐Jørgensen Eva , Bossi Rossana , Knudsen Lisbeth E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo investigate the transplacental transport of pesticides, the pyrethroid cypermethrin and the fungicide azoles, propiconazole and bitertanol were tested in the placental perfusion model. Cypermethrin, propiconazole and bitertanol were also tested in the BeWo cell transfer model. The pesticides were chosen with the selection criteria: use in Denmark, significant treated areas and knowledge on hormone‐disrupting effects. Propiconazole and bitertanol showed rapid transfer and adsorbance to the system in both placental perfusion and BeWo cell system, whereas cypermethrin had a slower transport across the placental cell layers in the two models. There was no difference between data of the single pesticides and their mixture in either placental perfusion or BeWo cell transfer model. Both the placental perfusion model and the BeWo cell model metabolized the pesticides and released metabolites into both foetal and maternal circulation. Using human exposure models, this study shows the potential exposure of the human foetus to pesticides cypermethrin, propiconazole and bitertanol and their metabolites.
A bar too high? On the use of practical wisdom in business ethics
Authors: Wolcott Gregory 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the business ethics literature, many argue that managerial decision making ought to be improved by more robust ethical concerns. Some see the virtue of “practical wisdom” as the key for improved managerial decision making. However, because of the epistemic limitations confronting decision makers in the face of irreducible market complexity, there is a risk that practical wisdom, employed in the context of day‐to‐day managerial decision making, becomes an impractical concept. Nevertheless, if the attempt to incorporate virtue ethics (and its related concepts) into business practices is laudable, if indeed a virtuous life is worth pursuing and practical wisdom plays an essential role toward that end, it is important to attempt to salvage practical wisdom and uncover its appropriate usage. Thus, this article pursues two major ends. First, upon surveying some of the prominent and standard usages of the term, it articulates concerns, rooted in epistemic limitations, about the way that practical wisdom appears in business ethics literature. Second, it offers a new way forward for understanding “practical wisdom.” By contextualizing day‐to‐day, rule‐based managerial decision making within the ethical value of the market order, practical wisdom reappears as the higher‐order capacity to pursue vocations, as morally worthwhile projects, in business.
The coffee ingredients caffeic acid and caffeic acid phenylethyl ester protect against irinotecan‐induced leukopenia and oxidative stress response
Authors: Kalthoff Sandra , Paulusch Stefan , Rupp Alexander , Holdenrieder Stefan , Hartmann Gunther , Strassburg Christian P. 
Published: June 2020

Background and PurposeIrinotecan, used in colorectal cancer therapy, is metabolized by glucuronidation involving different UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A isoforms leading to facilitated elimination from the body. Individuals homozygous for the genetic variants UGT1A1*28 (Gilbert syndrome) and UGT1A7*3 are more susceptible to irinotecan side effects, severe diarrhoea and leukopenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects and active constituents of coffee during irinotecan therapy using humanized transgenic (htg)UGT1A‐WT and htgUGT1A‐SNP (carry UGT1A1*28 and UGT1A7*3 polymorphisms) mice.Experimental ApproachHtgUGT1A mice were pretreated with coffee or caffeic acid (CA) + caffeic acid phenylethyl ester (CAPE) and injected with irinotecan. The effects of coffee and CA + CAPE were investigated using reporter gene assays, immunoblot, TaqMan‐PCR, siRNA analyses and blood counts.Key ResultsOnly the combination of the two coffee ingredients, CA and CAPE, mediates protective effects of coffee in a model of irinotecan toxicity by activation of UGT1A genes. Coffee and CA + CAPE significantly increased UGT1A expression and activity along with SN‐38 glucuronide excretion in irinotecan‐injected htgUGT1A mice, resulting in significant improvement of leukopenia, intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation.Conclusion and ImplicationsIn this study, we identify the compounds responsible for mediating the previously reported coffee‐induced activation of UGT1A gene expression. CA and CAPE represent key factors for the protective properties of coffee which are capable of reducing irinotecan toxicity, exerting antioxidant and protective effects. Provided that CA + CAPE do not affect irinotecan efficacy, they might represent a novel strategy for the treatment of irinotecan toxicity.
Tidal amplification and along‐strike process variability in a mixed‐energy paralic system prograding onto a low accommodation shelf, Edgeøya, Svalbard
Authors: Anell Ingrid , Zuchuat Valentin , Röhnert Anna Daniela , Smyrak‐Sikora Aleksandra , Buckley Simon , Lord Gareth , Maher Harmon , Midtkandal Ivar , Ogata Kei , Olaussen Snorre , Osmundsen Per T. , Braathen Alvar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe study describes the depositional development and sediment partitioning in a prograding paralic Triassic succession. The deposits are associated with the advance of large prism‐scale clinoforms across a shallower platform area. Approaching the platform, the limited accommodation and associated relative higher rates of deposition generated straighter clinoforms with lower foreset angles. The vertical restriction across the platform is interpreted to have amplified the tidal signature. Sediment was redistributed from the coast into increasingly sandy delta‐front deposits, compared to offshore equivalents. The deposits comprise extensive compound dune fields of amalgamated and increasingly clean sandbodies up‐section. Rapid deposition of significant amounts of sand led to differential subsidence and growth‐faulting in the delta front, with downthrown fault blocks further amplifying the tidal energy through funnelling. A mixed‐energy environment created along‐strike variability along the delta front with sedimentation governing process‐regime. Areas of lower sedimentation were reworked by wave and storm‐action, whereas high sedimentation rates preserved fluvially dominated mouth bars. A major transgression, however, favoured tidally dominated deposits also in these areas, attributed to increasing rugosity of the coastline. Formation of an extensive subaqueous platform between the coast and delta front dampened incoming wave energy, and tidally dominated deposits dominate the near‐shore successions. Meanwhile formation of wave‐built sand‐bars atop the platform attest to continued wave influence. The strong tidal regime led to the development of a heterolithic near‐shore tidally dominated channel system, and sandier fluvial channels up‐river. The highly meandering tidal channels incising the subaqueous platform form kilometre wide successions of inclined heterolithic stratification. The fluvially dominated channels which govern deposition on the delta plain are narrower and slightly less deep, straighter, generally symmetric and filled with cleaner sands. This study provides important insight into tidal amplification and sand redistribution during shallowing on a wide shelf, along with along‐strike process‐regime variability resulting from variations in sediment influx.
Epidemiology of severe ocular trauma following the implementation of alcohol restrictions in Far North Queensland
Authors: Dorman Andrew , O'Hagan Stephen , Gole Glen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImportanceIndigenous communities of Far North Queensland (FNQ) have one of the highest incidences of alcohol‐related ocular trauma globally.BackgroundTo review the epidemiology of closed‐ and open‐globe trauma admitted to Cairns Hospital from FNQ health districts following the implementation of alcohol restrictions in Indigenous communities.DesignRetrospective study of cases from January 2014 to December 2018.ParticipantsA total of 142 cases identified from ICD‐10 clinical‐coding data.MethodsRecords were reviewed to determine demographics, clinical details and outcomes.Main Outcome MeasuresAnnual incidence by demography and ethnicity (Indigenous vs non‐indigenous).ResultsEstimated annual incidence was 10.4/100 000 population (open‐globe: 3.6/100 000, closed‐globe: 6.8/100 000 population). Incidence rate ratio was 2.8× higher in Indigenous (22.8/100 000 population) compared to non‐indigenous populations. Injury from assault was 8.2× higher in the Indigenous population. Alcohol was involved in 76% of assaults. Paediatric injuries comprised 20.4% of the cohort, with Indigenous children over‐represented (44.8% of children). Visual acuity (VA) at presentation ranged from −0.08 logMAR to no‐perception of light (NPL), with 41.8% poorer than +1.00 logMAR. Final VA ranged from −0.18 logMAR to NPL. Mean final VA was significantly better for closed‐ than open‐globe injuries (+0.43 vs +1.01 logMAR). Ruptures had the poorest outcomes (mean  +1.65 logMAR).Conclusions and relevanceThe overall incidence of severe ocular trauma in FNQ has decreased compared to that reported from 1995 to 2002. The extremely high incidence observed in the Indigenous communities of Cape York has decreased dramatically since the introduction of Alcohol Management Plans. Nevertheless, the Indigenous population still experiences significantly higher rates of severe ocular trauma, particularly from assault.
A bi‐organellar phylogenomic study of Pandanales: inference of higher‐order relationships and unusual rate‐variation patterns
Authors: Soto Gomez Marybel , Lin Qianshi , da Silva Leal Eduardo , Gallaher Timothy J. , Scherberich David , Mennes Constantijn B. , Smith Selena Y. , Graham Sean W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe used a bi‐organellar phylogenomic approach to address higher‐order relationships in Pandanales, including the first molecular phylogenetic study of the panama‐hat family, Cyclanthaceae. Our genus‐level study of plastid and mitochondrial gene sets includes a comprehensive sampling of photosynthetic lineages across the order, and provides a framework for investigating clade ages, biogeographic hypotheses and organellar molecular evolution. Using multiple inference methods and both organellar genomes, we recovered mostly congruent and strongly supported relationships within and between families, including the placement of fully mycoheterotrophic Triuridaceae. Cyclanthaceae and Pandanaceae plastomes have slow substitution rates, contributing to weakly supported plastid‐based relationships in Cyclanthaceae. While generally slowly evolving, mitochondrial genomes exhibit sporadic rate elevation across the order. However, we infer well‐supported relationships even for slower evolving mitochondrial lineages in Cyclanthaceae. Clade age estimates across photosynthetic lineages are largely consistent with previous studies, are well correlated between the two organellar genomes (with slightly younger inferences from mitochondrial data), and support several biogeographic hypotheses. We show that rapidly evolving non‐photosynthetic lineages may bias age estimates upwards at neighbouring photosynthetic nodes, even using a relaxed clock model. Finally, we uncovered new genome structural variants in photosynthetic taxa at plastid inverted repeat boundaries that show promise as interfamilial phylogenetic markers.
Efficacy of levetiracetam on upper limb movement in multiple sclerosis patients with cerebellar signs: a multicenter double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study
Authors: Solaro C. , de Sire A. , Messmer Uccelli M. , Mueller M. , Bergamaschi R. , Gasperini C. , Restivo D.A. , Stabile M.R. , Patti F. 
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeThe literature provides contrasting results on the efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with cerebellar signs. It was sought to evaluate the efficacy of LEV on upper limb movement in MS patients.MethodsIn this multicenter double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover study, MS patients with prevalently cerebellar signs were randomly allocated into two groups: LEV followed by placebo (group 1) or placebo followed by LEV (group 2). Clinical assessments were performed by a blinded physician at T0 (day 1), T1 (day 22), T2 (2‐week wash‐out period, day 35) and T3 (day 56). The primary outcome was dexterity in the arm with greater deficit, assessed by the nine‐hole peg test (9HPT). Secondary clinical outcomes included responders on the 9HPT (∆9HPT >20%), tremor activity of the daily living questionnaire and self‐defined upper limb impairment, through a numeric rating scale. Kinematic evaluation was performed using a digitizing tablet, providing data on normalized jerk, aiming error and centripetal acceleration.ResultsForty‐eight subjects (45.2 ± 10.4 years) were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 24 each). 9HPT significantly improved in the LEV phase in both groups (P < 0.001). The LEV treatment phase led to a significant improvement (P < 0.01) of all clinical outcomes in group 1 and in dexterity in group 2. No significant changes were reported during both placebo phases in the two groups. Considering the kinematic analysis, only normalized jerk significantly improved after treatment with LEV (T0–T1) in group 1.ConclusionsLevetiracetam treatment seems to be effective in improving upper limb dexterity in MS patients with cerebellar signs.
The international European Academy of Neurology survey on neurological symptoms in patients with COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Moro E. , Priori A. , Beghi E. , Helbok R. , Campiglio L. , Bassetti C. L. , Bianchi E. , Maia L. F. , Ozturk S. , Cavallieri F. , Zedde M. , Sellner J. , Bereczki D. , Rakusa M. , Di Liberto G. , Sauerbier A. , Pisani A. , Macerollo A. , Soffietti R. , Taba P. , Crean M. , Twardzik A. , Oreja‐Guevara C. , Bodini B. , Jenkins T. M. , von Oertzen T. J. ,   for the EAN core COVID‐19 Task Force
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeAlthough the main clinical features of COVID‐19 infection are pulmonary, several associated neurological signs, symptoms and diseases are emerging. The incidence and characteristics of neurological complications are unclear. For this reason, the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) core COVID‐19 Task Force initiated a survey on neurological symptoms observed in patients with COVID‐19 infection.MethodsA 17‐question online survey was made available on the EAN website and distributed to EAN members and other worldwide physicians starting on 9 April 2020.ResultsBy 27 April 2020, proper data were collected from 2343 responders (out of 4199), of whom 82.0% were neurologists, mostly from Europe. Most responders (74.7%) consulted patients with COVID‐19 mainly in emergency rooms and in COVID‐19 units. The majority (67.0%) had evaluated fewer than 10 patients with neurological manifestations of COVID‐19 (neuro COVID‐19). The most frequently reported neurological findings were headache (61.9%), myalgia (50.4%), anosmia (49.2%), ageusia (39.8%), impaired consciousness (29.3%) and psychomotor agitation (26.7%). Encephalopathy and acute cerebrovascular disorders were reported at 21.0%. Neurological manifestations were generally interpreted as being possibly related to COVID‐19; they were most commonly recognized in patients with multiple general symptoms and occurred at any time during infection.ConclusionNeurologists are currently and actively involved in the management of neurological issues related to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This survey justifies setting up a prospective registry to better capture the prevalence of patients with neuro COVID‐19, neurological disease characteristics and the contribution of neurological manifestations to outcome.
Blood biomarkers and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Sun J. , Carrero J. J. , Zagai U. , Evans M. , Ingre C. , Pawitan Y. , Fang F. 
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeThe objective was to assess the ability of eight commonly measured blood markers to serve as prognostic biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsA cohort study was conducted of 399 individuals with newly diagnosed ALS between 2006 and 2011 in Stockholm, Sweden. Information on eight blood markers, including creatinine, albumin, haemoglobin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), glucose, potassium, sodium and calcium, measured at or after the date of ALS diagnosis, was collected. The Cox regression model and joint model were used to explore the associations between biomarkers and risk of mortality.ResultsThe mean age at ALS diagnosis was 66.25 years and 58% of the patients were male. A lower than median level of serum creatinine [hazard ratio (HR) 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–2.12] or albumin (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.13–1.96) whereas a higher than median level of log‐transformed CRP (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04–1.71) or glucose (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.01–1.78) at baseline was associated with a higher mortality risk. Taking all available measurements after ALS diagnosis into account, an association was found between per standard deviation (SD) decrease in serum creatinine (HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.81–2.75) or albumin (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.43–2.36) as well as per SD increase of log(CRP) (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.58–2.43) or glucose (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.21–2.12) and a higher mortality risk. No clear association was found for haemoglobin, potassium, sodium or calcium.ConclusionsThis study suggests that serum creatinine, albumin, CRP and glucose measured at the time of ALS diagnosis as well as their temporal changes after ALS diagnosis could serve as additional prognostic biomarkers for ALS. Their values in routine clinical practice and clinical trials of ALS need to be investigated further.
Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis – a review of 12 consecutive cases
Authors: Maung Magdalene H , Bethune Gillian C , Patriquin Glenn , Barnes Penny J 
Published: June 2020

AimsCystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis (CNGM) is an uncommon but increasingly recognised cause of mastitis, often associated with Corynebacterium ssp. infection. We studied the histopathological and clinical features of CNGM in a Canadian setting, and the work‐up required to identify pathogenic microorganisms.Methods and resultsA retrospective search for breast specimens with abscess, acute, chronic and/or granulomatous inflammation from 1998 to 2018 was performed. Haematoxylin and eosin slides were reviewed for typical histological features of CNGM. Histochemically stained slides for microorganisms were also reviewed. Repeat Gram stains were performed if initially negative. Electronic medical records were abstracted for microbiology results and relevant clinical data. Twelve cases were identified. All were female, aged 25–57 years, mainly Caucasian, with one Venezuelan and two of Chinese ethnicity. Most were parous (10 of 12); five of 12 had an endocrinopathy. Bacteria were identified in one or more specimens from eight of 12 patients; additional Gram stains revealed organisms in four of 12 cases. Of four bacterial cultures, one grew Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii. 16S polymerase chain reaction for three samples was negative. Two patients had multiple breast biopsies, showing early palisaded granulomas followed by classic features of CNGM. The patients had various management approaches, including surgery and antimicrobials.ConclusionsCNGM may present as palisaded granulomatous inflammation, without the expected ‘cystic’ pattern, suggesting that there is an evolution of histomorphology with this infection. Most patients with CNGM are parous, and there may be an association with endocrinopathies. Application of multiple Gram stains increases the yield of microorganism identification. Recognition of CNGM in breast biopsies and collaborative communications are essential to direct appropriate therapy.
Does eating in the absence of hunger extend to healthy snacks in children?
Authors: Kral Tanja V. E. , Moore Reneé H. , Chittams Jesse , O'Malley Lauren , Jones Elizabeth , Quinn Ryan J. , Fisher Jennifer O. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryObjectivesTo assess if eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) extends to healthier snacks and examine the relationship between the home food environment and EAH in children with normal weight (NW) or overweight/obesity (OB) who are at low risk (LR) or high risk (HR) for obesity based on maternal obesity.MethodsEAH was assessed after lunch and dinner when children received either low energy dense fruit snacks or high energy dense sweet/savoury snacks. The availability of obesogenic foods in the home was assessed by the Home Food Inventory.ResultsData showed significant main effects of risk group (P=.0003) and snack type (P < .001). EAH was significantly greater in HR‐OB (284±8 kcal) than LR‐NW (249±9 kcal) or HR‐NW (251±8 kcal) children. Serving fruit rather than sweet/savoury snacks reduced energy intake, on average, by 60% (223 kcal) across risk groups. For each unit increase in the obesogenic home food environment, EAH of sweet/savoury snacks decreased by 1.83 calories.ConclusionsOffering low energy dense snacks after a meal can moderate EAH and increase children's intake of healthy foods. Increased access to obesogenic foods in the home may reduce the salience of high energy dense snacks when they become available in other settings.