bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enrichment experiment of ventilation air methane (0.5%) by the mechanical tower
Authors: Wang Wen , Ren Jiandong , Li Xiaojun , Li Huaibin , Li Dongyin , Li Huamin , Song Yun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMethane is one of the most important gases leading to the earth’s air pollution. Ventilation air methane(VAM) is an important part of the gas discharged into the atmosphere. The volume concentration of methane is generally less than 0.5% in coal mines. Recycling low concentration is facing challenges. To explore the law of low concentration methane enrichment, the enrichment tower for methane was designed and manufactured. The experiment was divided into two types - free diffusion and weak eddy enrichment, and eight kinds of low concentration gas experimental program. Under free diffusion conditions, the maximum methane concentration of the top (middle) tower is 0.64% (0.53%). In the condition of weak eddy field, the maximum methane concentration is 0.67% (0.69%) in the top (middle) tower. The effect of methane enrichment in the weak eddy field is obvious. Methane enrichment method under the eddy current field can greatly increase methane enrichment efficiency and achieve the goal of CMM (coal mine methane) power generation.
Latitudinal drivers of oyster mortality: deciphering host, pathogen and environmental risk factors
Authors: Fleury Elodie , Barbier Pierrick , Petton Bruno , Normand Julien , Thomas Yoann , Pouvreau Stéphane , Daigle Gaétan , Pernet Fabrice 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiseases pose an ongoing threat to aquaculture, fisheries and conservation of marine species, and determination of risk factors of disease is crucial for management. Our objective was to decipher the effects of host, pathogen and environmental factors on disease-induced mortality of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) across a latitudinal gradient. We deployed young and adult oysters at 13 sites in France and we monitored survival, pathogens and environmental parameters. The young oysters came from either the wild collection or the hatchery while the adults were from the wild only. We then used Cox regression models to investigate the effect of latitude, site, environmental factors and origin on mortality risk and to extrapolate this mortality risk to the distribution limits of the species in Europe. We found that seawater temperature, food level, sea level atmospheric pressure, rainfall and wind speed were associated with mortality risk. Their effect on hatchery oysters was generally higher than on wild animals, probably reflecting that hatchery oysters were free of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) whereas those from the wild were asymptomatic carriers. The risk factors involved in young and adult oyster mortalities were different, reflecting distinct diseases. Mortality risk increases from 0 to 90% with decreasing latitude for young hatchery oysters, but not for young wild oysters or adults. Mortality risk was higher in wild oysters than in hatchery ones at latitude > 47.6°N while this was the opposite at lower latitude. Therefore, latitudinal gradient alters disease-induced mortality risk but interacts with the initial health status of the host and the pathogen involved. Practically, we suggest that mortality can be mitigated by using hatchery oysters in north and wild collected oysters in the south.
Detection and elimination of pulse train instabilities in broadband fibre lasers using dispersion scan
Authors: Alonso Benjamín , Torres-Peiró Salvador , Romero Rosa , Guerreiro Paulo T. , Almagro-Ruiz Azahara , Muñoz-Marco Héctor , Pérez-Millán Pere , Crespo Helder 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe use self-calibrating dispersion scan to experimentally detect and quantify the presence of pulse train instabilities in ultrashort laser pulse trains. We numerically test our approach against two different types of pulse instability, namely second-order phase fluctuations and random phase instability, where the introduction of an adequate metric enables univocally quantifying the amount of instability. The approach is experimentally demonstrated with a supercontinuum fibre laser, where we observe and identify pulse train instabilities due to nonlinear propagation effects under anomalous dispersion conditions in the photonic crystal fibre used for spectral broadening. By replacing the latter with an all-normal dispersion fibre, we effectively correct the pulse train instability and increase the bandwidth of the generated coherent spectrum. This is further confirmed by temporal compression and measurement of the output pulses down to 15 fs using dispersion scan.
A method for purification of Plasmodium oocysts from mosquito midguts
Authors: Siden-Kiamos Inga , Spanos Lefteris , Currà Chiara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMalaria parasites have a complex life cycle comprising development in two hosts, the vertebrate and the vector mosquito. In the gut of the mosquito, the parasite develops into the oocyst, which is settled beneath the epithelium and attached to the basal lamina of the gut until the maturation of the cyst and its rupture concomitant with the release of the sporozoites, the infectious form of the parasite. The oocyst represents the longest stage of the parasite life cycle but it is poorly understood, mainly because of the difficulties to separate the oocysts from the mosquito midgut tissue but also the lack of a robust method to reproduce this stage in vitro. Here we describe a simple and reproducible protocol for purification of oocysts from mosquitoes. Midguts were dissected from infected mosquitoes and treated with trypsin which resulted in the degradation of the basal lamina and the release of the oocysts from the midgut tissue. The results obtained showed that the isolated oocysts were free of the mosquito protein E-cadherin. Purified oocysts were alive as judged by a strong GFP signal at least up to 2 h after treatment and furthermore sporozoites that had developed in the cyst were able to glide. Our new method will allow the study of the oocyst composition, formation and development in more details leading to advances in knowledge of this Plasmodium stage.
High-throughput, Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Studies of the Anticancer Effects of Electrical Pulses with Turmeric Silver Nanoparticles: an in vitro Model Study
Authors: Mittal Lakshya , Camarillo Ignacio G. , Varadarajan Gowri Sree , Srinivasan Hemalatha , Aryal Uma K. , Sundararajan Raji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 15–20% of the over one million new breast cancer cases occurring each year. TNBC is an aggressive cancer phenotype, with low 5-year survival rates, high 3-year recurrence rates, and increased risk of metastasis. A lack of three commonly exploited hormone receptors renders TNBC resistant to endocrine therapies and lends to its critical absence of viable therapeutic targets. This necessitates the development of alternate and effective novel therapeutic strategies for TNBC. Towards this, our current work seeks to develop the technique of Electrical pulse (EP)-mediated Turmeric silver nanoparticles (TurNP) therapy, known as Electrochemotherapy (ECT), to effectively target TNBC cells. This technique involves the efficient delivery of natural bioactive molecules with anti-cancer effects via a biophysical means. In these experiments, the bioactive molecules are turmeric, a dried rhizome of Curcuma longa that has been used for centuries, both as a dietary supplement and as a medicine in Ayurveda (science of life) in the Indian subcontinent and in traditional Chinese medicine. Our results reveal the combined effect of TurNP + EP treatment in reducing MDA-MB-231 cell viability to as low as 9% at 12 h. Showing biological selectivity, this combination treatment has a substantially lower effect on non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial MCF10A cells (67% viability). To gain mechanistic insights into the actions of TurNP-based ECT treatment, we performed high-throughput, label-free quantitative proteomics studies. Proteomics results indicate that TurNP + EP treatment significantly influenced expression of a diverse list of proteins, including receptors, transcription factors, structural proteins, kinases, and metabolic enzymes. This include the downregulation of 25 proteins in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (such as GRB2, EGFR, EPHA2, GNB1, GNB2, 14–3–3 family, and Integrin family proteins), and 12 proteins (AKR1A1, ALDOA, ALDOC, PGK1, PGM1, PGAM1, ENO1, ENO2, GAPDH, TPI1, LDHA, and LDHB) in the glycolytic pathway with concomitant reduction in metabolite levels (glucose uptake, and intracellular- lactate, glutamine, and glutamate). Compared to TurNP alone, TurNP + EP treatment upregulated 66 endoplasmic reticulum and 193 mitochondrial proteins, enhancing several processes and pathways, including Pyruvate Metabolism, Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which redirected the TNBC metabolism to mitochondria. This switch in the metabolism caused excessive production of H2O2 reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inflict cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells, demonstrating the potency of this treatment.
SVF-derived extracellular vesicles carry characteristic miRNAs in lipedema
Authors: Priglinger Eleni , Strohmeier Karin , Weigl Moritz , Lindner Carolin , Auer Daniela , Gimona Mario , Barsch Martin , Jacak Jaroslaw , Redl Heinz , Grillari Johannes , Sandhofer Matthias , Hackl Matthias , Wolbank Susanne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLipedema is a chronic, progressive disease of adipose tissue with lack of consistent diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was a thorough comparative characterization of extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of healthy and lipedema adipose tissue. For this, we analyzed 187 extracellular miRNAs in concentrated conditioned medium (cCM) and specifically in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) enriched thereof by size exclusion chromatography. No significant difference in median particle size and concentration was observed between sEV fractions in healthy and lipedema. We found the majority of miRNAs located predominantly in cCM compared to sEV enriched fraction. Surprisingly, hierarchical clustering of the most variant miRNAs showed that only sEVmiRNA profiles – but not cCMmiRNAs – were impacted by lipedema. Seven sEVmiRNAs (miR–16-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-454-p, miR–144-5p, miR-130a-3p, let-7c-5p) were differently regulated in lipedema and healthy individuals, whereas only one cCMmiRNA (miR-188-5p) was significantly downregulated in lipedema. Comparing SVF from healthy and lipedema patients, we identified sEVs as the lipedema relevant miRNA fraction. This study contributes to identify the potential role of SVF secreted miRNAs in lipedema.
Selection of viral variants during persistent infection of insectivorous bat cells with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Authors: Banerjee Arinjay , Subudhi Sonu , Rapin Noreen , Lew Jocelyne , Jain Richa , Falzarano Darryl , Misra Vikram 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoronaviruses that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) are speculated to have originated in bats. The mechanisms by which these viruses are maintained in individuals or populations of reservoir bats remain an enigma. Mathematical models have predicted long-term persistent infection with low levels of periodic shedding as a likely route for virus maintenance and spillover from bats. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that bat cells and MERS coronavirus (CoV) can co-exist in vitro. To test our hypothesis, we established a long-term coronavirus infection model of bat cells that are persistently infected with MERS-CoV. We infected cells from Eptesicus fuscus with MERS-CoV and maintained them in culture for at least 126 days. We characterized the persistently infected cells by detecting virus particles, protein and transcripts. Basal levels of type I interferon in the long-term infected bat cells were higher, relative to uninfected cells, and disrupting the interferon response in persistently infected bat cells increased virus replication. By sequencing the whole genome of MERS-CoV from persistently infected bat cells, we identified that bat cells repeatedly selected for viral variants that contained mutations in the viral open reading frame 5 (ORF5) protein. Furthermore, bat cells that were persistently infected with ΔORF5 MERS-CoV were resistant to superinfection by wildtype virus, likely due to reduced levels of the virus receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) and higher basal levels of interferon in these cells. In summary, our study provides evidence for a model of coronavirus persistence in bats, along with the establishment of a unique persistently infected cell culture model to study MERS-CoV-bat interactions.
Investigation of SCCmec types I–IV in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran
Authors: Abbasi Montazeri Effat , Seyed-Mohammadi Sakineh , Asarehzadegan Dezfuli Aram , Khosravi Azar Dokht , Dastoorpoor Maryam , Roointan Mitra , Saki Morteza 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Today methicillin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) are important in terms of causing significant nosocomial infections. Besides, MR-CoNS are confirmed as the reservoir of SCCmec elements that carry mecA (methicillin-resistant) gene. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the susceptibility pattern, prevalence and diversity of SCCmec types I, II, III, and IV in MR-CoNS strains. In this cross-sectional study, 44 clinical isolates of MR-CoNS were identified using the cefoxitin disc method and further confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the mecA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was investigated by disc diffusion. The identification of CoNS was done by amplification and sequencing of the tuf gene. Multiplex PCR method was done for the determination of SCCmec types. In the present study, the Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were the most predominant isolates with a prevalence of 45.4%. The highest resistance rates were observed against erythromycin (84.1%) and clindamycin (75%). Multiplex PCR revealed the SCCmec type I as the predominant type in the present study. Our study showed that there was no significant relationship between the presence of different types of SCCmec elements and resistance to antibiotics. The present study highlighted a frequent prevalence of MR-CoNS harboring SCCmec type genes in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Thus, the molecular typing and periodical monitoring of their drug resistance pattern should be considered in national stewardship programs to designing useful antibiotic prescription strategies.
Leaving no-one behind: how CENP-E facilitates chromosome alignment
Authors: Craske Benjamin , Welburn Julie P.I. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chromosome alignment and biorientation is essential for mitotic progression and genomic stability. Most chromosomes align at the spindle equator in a motor-independent manner. However, a subset of polar kinetochores fail to bi-orient and require a microtubule motor-based transport mechanism to move to the cell equator. Centromere Protein E (CENP-E/KIF10) is a kinesin motor from the Kinesin-7 family, which localizes to unattached kinetochores during mitosis and utilizes plus-end directed microtubule motility to slide mono-oriented chromosomes to the spindle equator. Recent work has revealed how CENP-E cooperates with chromokinesins and dynein to mediate chromosome congression and highlighted its role at aligned chromosomes. Additionally, we have gained new mechanistic insights into the targeting and regulation of CENP-E motor activity at the kinetochore. Here, we will review the function of CENP-E in chromosome congression, the pathways that contribute to CENP-E loading at the kinetochore, and how CENP-E activity is regulated during mitosis.
Effects of Fundamental Frequency, Vocal Intensity, Sample Duration, and Vowel Context in Cepstral and Spectral Measures of Dysphonic Voices
Authors: Sampaio Marília , Vaz Masson Maria Lúcia , de Paula Soares Maria Francisca , Bohlender Jörg Edgar , Brockmann-Bauser Meike 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) are acoustic measures related to the periodicity, harmonicity, and noise components of an acoustic signal. To date, there is little evidence about the advantages of CPPS over HNR in voice diagnostics. Recent studies indicate that voice fundamental frequency (F0) and intensity (sound pressure level [SPL]), sample duration (DUR), vowel context (speech vs. sustained phonation), and syllable stress (SS) may influence CPPS and HNR results. The scope of this work was to investigate the effects of voice F0 and SPL, DUR, SS, and token on CPPS and HNR in dysphonic voices.

Method
In this retrospective study, 27 Brazilian Portuguese speakers with voice disorders were investigated. Recordings of sustained vowels (SVs) /a:/ and manually extracted vowels (EVs) /a/ from Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice sentences were acoustically analyzed with the Praat program.

Results

There was a highly significant effect of F0, SPL, and DUR on both CPPS and HNR (
p
< .001), whereas SS and vowel context significantly affected CPPS only (
p
< .05). Higher SPL, F0, and lower DUR were related to higher CPPS and HNR. SVs moderately-to-highly correlated with EVs for CPPS, whereas HNR had few and moderate correlations. In addition, CPPS and HNR highly correlated in SVs and seven EVs (
p
< .05).

Conclusion
Speaking prosodic variations of F0, SPL, and DUR influenced both CPPS and HNR measures and led to acoustic differences between sustained and excised vowels, especially in CPPS. Vowel context, prosodic factors, and token type should be controlled for in clinical acoustic voice assessment.
106‐GHz bandwidth InP DHBT linear driver with a 3‐Vppdiff swing at 80 GBd in PAM‐4
Authors: Hersent R. , Jorge F. , Duval B. , Dupuy J.‐Y. , Konczykowska A. , Riet M. , Nodjiadjim V. , Mismer C. , Blache F. , Kasbari A. , Ouslimani A. 
Published: April 2020

This Letter reports the design, fabrication and characterisation of a new differential linear driver, fabricated in the III‐V Lab 0.7‐ emitter width indium phosphide (InP) double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology. Large‐signal electrical characterisation shows 80‐GBd symbol‐rate four‐level pulse amplitude (PAM‐4) modulation conjugated with a driver output swing of 3‐Vppdiff and a 0.74‐W power consumption. Thus resulting in a 1.22‐GBd driving efficiency, the highest in over 70‐GBd drivers' state‐of‐the‐art, at that date. Accordingly, S‐parameter measurements of the standalone linear driver exhibit the highest gain‐bandwidth product of 556 GHz, in that current state‐of‐the‐art.
Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Müller-Wieland Dirk , Marx Nikolaus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNew joint clinical recommendations for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes of the european (EASD) and american (ADA) diabetes associations and the european society for cardiology (ESC) implement the evidence from clinical cardiovascular endpoint studies into daily clinical practice. The individual patient profile and it´s cardiovascular risk rather than HbA1c levels alone dominate treatment strategies. In case of high oder very high cardiovascular risk GLP-1-receptor agonists or SGLT-2-inhibitors are the preferred choice, the latter especially in patients with chronic heart failure or increased risk, respectively.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF PUNICA GRANATUM PEEL, WHOLE FRUIT AND SEEDS
Authors: Bhandary Satheesh Kumar , N. Suchetha Kumari , Bhat Vadisha S , P. Sharmila K. , Bekal Mahesh Prasad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHerbal medicines as the major remedy in traditional system of medicine have been used in medical practices since antiquity. In addition to its ancient historical uses, pomegranate is used in several systems of medicine for a variety of ailments. The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of various phytochemicals from the ethanolic, aqueous and chloroform extracts of Punica granatum peel, whole fruit and seeds. The three different extracts from peel were found to contain Triterpenoids, Steroids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins, Carbohydrate & Vitamin C. The three different extracts from whole fruit were found to contain Triterpenoids, Steroids, Glycosides, Saponins, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Carbohydrate & Vitamin C. The three different extracts from seeds were found to contain Triterpenoids, Steroids, Glycosides, Saponins, Alkaloids, Tannins, Carbohydrate & Vitamin C.The generated data from the three different extracts of Punica granatum peel, whole fruit & seeds provided the basis for its wide uses in the traditional & folk medicines.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR DIAGNOSING LIVER LESION IMAGES IN TELEMEDICINE MODE
Authors: V. Ulagamuthalvi , G. Kulanthaivel , D. Sridharan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, a novel approach for diagnosing liver lesion using ultrasound image in telemedince mode is attempted. Liver cancer is a one of the neoplastic diseases. It has a high rate of mortality. The low quality of clinical ultrasound image limits the success of early detection and diagnosis based on the images. Filtering the spcekle noise to enhance the quality and segment the ROI from the ultrasound image are carried out. Wavelet-based texture descriptors are calculated and classification has been done using support vector machine. Telemedicine is the ability to provide interactive healthcare utilizing modern technology and telecommunications. In this telemedicne mode based diagnostic classification system, a client at remote location can submit the ultrasound B-scan liver image using the Internet and after analysis in the web server, the client at remote location will receive the diagnostic result.
CHAOS THEORY: IMPACT ON AND APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE
Authors: Kumar Arunachalam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe advent of a revolutionary and exciting theory that proposes non-linear models as effective adjuncts to linear mathematics in interpreting long-held scientific tenets has provided novel and innovative designs and methodologies that help the medical world to better understand inferences from laboratory investigations, physiological processes, pharmarmaco-therapeutics and clinical diagnostics.This overview outlines a few salient areas in medicine that have successfully applied the principles of the chaos theory. Chaotic systems have been shown to operate in quite a few physiological processes. The impact and implications of the new science on the future course of medical diagnosticsand health science systems as a whole cannot be overstressed.