bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New generation breast cancer cell lines developed from patient-derived xenografts
Authors: Finlay-Schultz Jessica , Jacobsen Britta M. , Riley Duncan , Paul Kiran V. , Turner Scott , Ferreira-Gonzalez Andrea , Harrell J. Chuck , Kabos Peter , Sartorius Carol A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease characterized by multiple histologic and molecular subtypes. While a myriad of breast cancer cell lines have been developed over the past 60 years, estrogen receptor alpha (ER)+ disease and some mutations associated with this subtype remain underrepresented. Here we describe six breast cancer cell lines derived from patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and their general characteristics.

Methods
Established breast cancer PDX were processed into cell suspensions and placed into standard 2D cell culture; six emerged into long-term passageable cell lines. Cell lines were assessed for protein expression of common luminal, basal, and mesenchymal markers, growth assessed in response to estrogens and endocrine therapies, and RNA-seq and oncogenomics testing performed to compare relative transcript levels and identify putative oncogenic drivers.

Results
Three cell lines express ER and two are also progesterone receptor (PR) positive; PAM50 subtyping identified one line as luminal A. One of the ER+PR+ lines harbors a D538G mutation in the gene for ER (ESR1), providing a natural model that contains this endocrine-resistant genotype. The third ER+PR−/low cell line has mucinous features, a rare histologic type of breast cancer. The three other lines are ER− and represent two basal-like and a mixed ductal/lobular breast cancer. The cell lines show varied responses to tamoxifen and fulvestrant, and three were demonstrated to regrow tumors in vivo. RNA sequencing confirms all cell lines are human and epithelial. Targeted oncogenomics testing confirmed the noted ESR1 mutation in addition to other mutations (i.e., PIK3CA, BRCA2, CCND1, NF1, TP53, MYC) and amplifications (i.e., FGFR1, FGFR3) frequently found in breast cancers.

Conclusions
These new generation breast cancer cell lines add to the existing repository of breast cancer models, increase the number of ER+ lines, and provide a resource that can be genetically modified for studying several important clinical breast cancer features.
Comparison of three scoring methods using the FDA-approved 22C3 immunohistochemistry assay to evaluate PD-L1 expression in breast cancer and their association with clinicopathologic factors
Authors: Guo Hua , Ding Qingqing , Gong Yun , Gilcrease Michael Z. , Zhao Min , Zhao Jun , Sui Dawen , Wu Yun , Chen Hui , Liu Hui , Zhang Jinxia , Resetkova Erika , Moulder Stacy L. , Wang Wei-Lien , Huo Lei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
In the evaluation of PD-L1 expression to select patients for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, uniform guidelines that account for different immunohistochemistry assays, different cell types and different cutoff values across tumor types are lacking. Data on how different scoring methods compare in breast cancer are scant.

Methods
Using FDA-approved 22C3 diagnostic immunohistochemistry assay, we retrospectively evaluated PD-L1 expression in 496 primary invasive breast tumors that were not exposed to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment and compared three scoring methods (TC: invasive tumor cells; IC: tumor-infiltrating immune cells; TCIC: a combination of tumor cells and immune cells) in expression frequency and association with clinicopathologic factors.

Results
In the entire cohort, positive PD-L1 expression was observed in 20% of patients by TCIC, 16% by IC, and 10% by TC, with a concordance of 87% between the three methods. In the triple-negative breast cancer patients, positive PD-L1 expression was observed in 35% by TCIC, 31% by IC, and 16% by TC, with a concordance of 76%. Associations between PD-L1 and clinicopathologic factors were investigated according to receptor groups and whether the patients had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The three scoring methods showed differences in their associations with clinicopathologic factors in all subgroups studied. Positive PD-L1 expression by IC was significantly associated with worse overall survival in patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and showed a trend for worse overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival in triple-negative patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Positive PD-L1 expression by TCIC and TC also showed trends for worse survival in different subgroups.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that the three scoring methods with a 1% cutoff are different in their sensitivity for PD-L1 expression and their associations with clinicopathologic factors. Scoring by TCIC is the most sensitive way to identify PD-L1-positive breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. As a prognostic marker, our study suggests that PD-L1 is associated with worse clinical outcome, most often shown by the IC score; however, the other scores may also have clinical implications in some subgroups. Large clinical trials are needed to test the similarities and differences of these scoring methods for their predictive values in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
A 95-year-old patient with unexpected coronavirus disease 2019 masked by aspiration pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Spannella Francesco , Ristori Letizia , Giulietti Federico , Re Serena , Schiavi Paola , Giordano Piero , Sarzani Riccardo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection has become a pandemic disease (coronavirus disease 2019). The infection has moved from China to the rest of the world and Italy represents one of the most affected countries. Older adults are more susceptible to develop complications with the consequent highest mortality rates.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 95-year-old Caucasian woman affected by pneumonia, initially defined as common aspiration pneumonia in a bedridden patient with vascular dementia, which later turned out to be coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia during the initial spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in our district. Some features of a computed tomography scan of her chest and her clinical history with known dysphagia had led at first to a different diagnosis with a consequent exposure of health professionals to infectious risk in two distinct hospitals. In this case report, we describe the clinical/imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and the diagnostic process that led to a correct diagnosis in a nonagenarian with multiple comorbidities.

Conclusions
This case report highlights both the possible pitfalls in diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in very old patients with comorbidities and the greater than expected spread of the infection, even in individuals with reduced interpersonal contacts and no defined epidemiological link.
Existence–uniqueness and monotone iteration of positive solutions to nonlinear tempered fractional differential equation with p-Laplacian operator
Authors: Zhou Bibo , Zhang Lingling , Xing Gaofeng , Zhang Nan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, without requiring the complete continuity of integral operators and the existence of upper–lower solutions, by means of the sum-type mixed monotone operator fixed point theorem based on the cone $P_{h}$Ph, we investigate a kind of p-Laplacian differential equation Riemann–Stieltjes integral boundary value problem involving a tempered fractional derivative. Not only the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions are obtained, but also we can construct successively sequences for approximating the unique positive solution. As an application of our fundamental aims, we offer a realistic example to illustrate the effectiveness and practicability of the main results.
Hexagonal grid approximation of the solution of the heat equation on special polygons
Authors: Buranay Suzan C. , Arshad Nouman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider the first type boundary value problem of the heat equation in two space dimensions on special polygons with interior angles $\alpha _{j}\pi $αjπ, $j=1,2,\ldots,M$j=1,2,…,M, where $\alpha _{j}\in \{ \frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{3},\frac{2}{3} \} $αj∈{12,13,23}. To approximate the solution we develop two difference problems on hexagonal grids using two layers with 14 points. It is proved that the given implicit schemes in both difference problems are unconditionally stable. It is also shown that the solutions of the constructed Difference Problem 1 and Difference Problem 2 converge to the exact solution on the grids of order $O ( h^{2}+\tau ^{2} ) $O(h2+τ2) and $O ( h^{4}+\tau ) $O(h4+τ) respectively, where h and $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}h $32h are the step sizes in space variables $x_{1}$x1 and $x_{2}$x2 respectively and τ is the step size in time. Furthermore, theoretical results are justified by numerical examples on a rectangle, trapezoid and parallelogram.
Some results on degenerate Daehee and Bernoulli numbers and polynomials
Authors: Kim Taekyun , Kim Dae San , Kim Han Young , Kwon Jongkyum 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study a degenerate version of the Daehee polynomials and numbers, namely the degenerate Daehee polynomials and numbers, which were actually called the degenerate Daehee polynomials and numbers of the third kind and recently introduced by Jang et al. (J. Comput. Appl. Math. 364:112343, 2020). We derive their explicit expressions and some identities involving them. Further, we introduce the multiple degenerate Daehee numbers and higher-order degenerate Daehee polynomials and numbers which can be represented in terms of integrals on the unitcube. Again, we deduce their explicit expressions and some identities related to them.
Poor infection prevention and control standards are associated with environmental contamination with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and other multidrug-resistant bacteria in Swiss companion animal clinics
Authors: Schmidt Janne S. , Kuster Stefan P. , Nigg Aurélien , Dazio Valentina , Brilhante Michael , Rohrbach Helene , Bernasconi Odette J. , Büdel Thomas , Campos-Madueno Edgar I. , Gobeli Brawand Stefanie , Schuller Simone , Endimiani Andrea , Perreten Vincent , Willi Barbara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntensive medical care in companion animal clinics could pose a risk for the selection and dissemination of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Infection prevention and control (IPC) concepts are key measures to reduce the spread of MDROs, but data on IPC standards in companion animal clinics is sparse. The study assessed IPC standards in seven companion animal clinics and practices in Switzerland by structured IPC audits and combined results with environmental MDRO contamination and MDRO carriage of the personnel.MethodsIPC audits were held between August 2018 and January 2019. The observations in 34 IPC areas were scored based on predefined criteria (not fulfilled/partially fulfilled/fulfilled = score 0/1/2). Environmental swabs and nasal and stool samples from veterinary personnel were tested for methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci and macrococci and for colistin-resistant, extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing (CP)Enterobacterales(CPE). Species was identified by MALDI-TOF MS, antimicrobial resistance determined by microdilution and β-lactam resistance gene detection, and genetic relatedness assessed by REP−/ERIC-PCR and multilocus sequence typing.ResultsOf a maximum total IPC score of 68, the institutions reached a median (range) score of 33 (19–55). MDROs were detected in median (range) 8.2% (0–33.3%) of the sampling sites. Clinics with low IPC standards showed extensive environmental contamination, i.e. of intensive care units, consultation rooms and utensils. CPE were detected in two clinics; one of them showed extensive contamination with CPKlebsiella pneumoniae(ST11,blaOXA-48) and MRStaphylococcus pseudintermedius(ST551,mecA). Despite low IPC scores, environmental contamination with MDROs was low in primary opinion practices. Three employees were colonized withEscherichia coliST131 (blaCTX-M-15,blaCTX-M-27,blaCTX-M-14). Two employees carried CPE. coliclosely related to environmental (ST410,blaOXA-181) and patient-derived isolates (ST167,blaNDM-5). MRStaphylococcus aureus(ST225,mecA) and MRS. pseudintermedius(ST551,mecA) of the same sequence types and with similar resistance profiles were found in employees and the environment in two clinics.ConclusionsThe study indicates that IPC standards in companion animal clinics are variable and that insufficient IPC standards could contribute to the evolution of MDROs which can be transferred between the environment and working personnel. The implementation of IPC concepts in companion animal clinics should urgently be promoted.
Extreme anorexia nervosa: medical findings, outcomes, and inferences from a retrospective cohort
Authors: Gibson Dennis , Watters Ashlie , Cost Jeana , Mascolo Margherita , Mehler Philip S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Extreme anorexia nervosa (AN) is defined as a BMI < 15 kg/m2 in those meeting DSM-V diagnostic criteria for AN. This study seeks to define the frequency of medical complications in this group of patients in order to help inform the care of individuals < 65% ideal body weight who seek treatment for their extreme eating disorders.

Methods
Through retrospective chart review and computerized data collection, we obtained the baseline characteristics and medical findings of 281 adult patients, with AN restricting and binge-purge subtypes, admitted to the ACUTE unit for medical stabilization between May 2013 and August 2018.

Results
In this population, with a mean admitting BMI of 12.1 kg/m2 (range = 7.5–15.7), 56% admitted with bradycardia, 45% demonstrated increased liver function tests (LFTs) on admission, 64% admitted with leukopenia, 47% with anemia, and 20% presented with thrombocytopenia. During admission, 38% developed hypoglycemia, 35% developed refeeding hypophosphatemia, nearly 33% of patients developed edema, and low bone mineral density was diagnosed in almost 90% of the patients. Highly elevated LFTs (>3x upper limits of normal) predicted hypoglycemia, and low BMI predicted refeeding hypophosphatemia (p = .001).

Conclusions
Although conclusions drawn from the findings presented in this descriptive study must be tempered by relevant clinical judgement, these findings showcase that patients with extreme AN are at significantly increased risk for many serious medical complications secondary to their state of malnutrition and also with initial refeeding.
Clinical preceptor competencies for a better pharmacy education: a suggested framework for Lebanon
Authors: Zeitoun Abeer , Sacre Hala , Hallit Souheil , Zeenny Rony M. , Sili Georges , Salameh Pascale 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundExperiential education is a core element in developing the ability of pharmacy students to apply theory to practice, solve problems, and acquire standard pharmacist competencies. To achieve this goal, preceptors play a crucial role as teachers, mentors, and evaluators. The study objective was to identify and describe the core competencies and skills considered essential to the success of clinical preceptor pharmacists in the training of future care providers, in a steadily changing environment.MethodsA task force was formed within the Scientific Committee of the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists to map, sort, select, and adapt international competencies to the current Lebanese context.ResultsSeven roles were identified: Role model/Practitioner/Mentor, Supervisor/Facilitator/Coach/Teacher, Manager, Collaborator/Communicator, Leader, Clinical expert, and Researcher. Related competencies were also defined.Conclusionall aforementioned competencies are expected to improve the acquisition of learning by pharmacy trainees in Lebanon. This framework can be used by pharmacy program directors and preceptors for developmental purposes through self- or peer-evaluation processes, identifying gaps, and helping to fill the needs for a better workforce in academic and experiential pharmacy education.
Plasma-Lyte 148 and Plasma-Lyte 148 + 5% glucose compatibility with commonly used critical care drugs
Authors: Hammond Sophie , Wignell Andrew , Cooling Paul , Barrett David A. , Davies Patrick 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposePlasma-Lyte is a balanced, crystalloid intravenous fluid which has been shown to avoid the hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis associated with 0.9% sodium chloride. Data on physical, pH and chemical compatibility with other medicines are essential.MethodsThe compatibility of adrenaline, dobutamine, dopamine, furosemide, midazolam, morphine and milrinone with Plasma-Lyte 148 (PLA) and Plasma-Lyte 148 with 5% glucose (PLA-G) was investigated. Control solutions were 0.9% sodium chloride and 5% glucose. Chemical stability was defined as < 5% concentration change with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Physical compatibility was assessed by checking for colour changes and precipitate formation. The pH of the admixtures was considered acceptable if between 5 and 9 at all time points. Six repeats were carried out for HPLC, 2 for physical compatibility checks and pH measurements, with all admixtures being tested at 0, 2 and 24 h after mixing.ResultsAll combinations were found to be chemically stable at 0, 2 and 24 h apart from furosemide with PLA-G at 24 h and midazolam with PLA or PLA-G at both 2 and 24 h. Only midazolam was physically incompatible when mixed with both Plasma-Lyte solutions. The pH remained stable in all admixtures, although not all pH values recorded were within the range of 5–9.ConclusionAll drugs excluding furosemide and midazolam were shown to be chemically, physically and pH stable at the tested concentrations when diluted with PLA and PLA-G.
Management of primary blast lung injury: a comparison of airway pressure release versus low tidal volume ventilation
Authors: Scott Timothy E. , Das Anup , Haque Mainul , Bates Declan G. , Hardman Jonathan G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Primary blast lung injury (PBLI) presents as a syndrome of respiratory distress and haemoptysis resulting from explosive shock wave exposure and is a frequent cause of mortality and morbidity in both military conflicts and terrorist attacks. The optimal mode of mechanical ventilation for managing PBLI is not currently known, and clinical trials in humans are impossible due to the sporadic and violent nature of the disease.

Methods
A high-fidelity multi-organ computational simulator of PBLI pathophysiology was configured to replicate data from 14 PBLI casualties from the conflict in Afghanistan. Adaptive and responsive ventilatory protocols implementing low tidal volume (LTV) ventilation and airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) were applied to each simulated patient for 24 h, allowing direct quantitative comparison of their effects on gas exchange, ventilatory parameters, haemodynamics, extravascular lung water and indices of ventilator-induced lung injury.

Results
The simulated patients responded well to both ventilation strategies. Post 24-h investigation period, the APRV arm had similar PF ratios (137 mmHg vs 157 mmHg), lower sub-injury threshold levels of mechanical power (11.9 J/min vs 20.7 J/min) and lower levels of extravascular lung water (501 ml vs 600 ml) compared to conventional LTV. Driving pressure was higher in the APRV group (11.9 cmH2O vs 8.6 cmH2O), but still significantly less than levels associated with increased mortality.

Conclusions
Appropriate use of APRV may offer casualties with PBLI important mortality-related benefits and should be considered for management of this challenging patient group.
A patient with cystic duct remnant calculus treated by laparoscopic surgery combined with near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography
Authors: Matsudaira Shinichi , Fukumoto Tsuyoshi , Yarita Akinaga , Hamada Joji , Hisada Masayuki , Fukushima Junichi , Kawarabayashi Nobuaki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The recurrence of symptoms present before cholecystectomy may be caused by a cystic duct remnant. The resolution of cystic duct remnant syndrome may require surgical resection, but identification of the duct remnant during laparoscopic surgery may be difficult because of adhesions following the previous procedure. Open surgery, which is more invasive than laparoscopic surgery, is frequently chosen to avoid bile duct injury.

Case presentation
The patient was a 24-year-old woman with previous laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic cholecystitis and repeated attacks of biliary colic. The postoperative course was uneventful, but computed tomography revealed a remnant cystic duct calculus. Ten months after surgery, the patient returned to our department for right hypochondriac pain. Laparoscopic remnant cystic duct resection was performed with intraoperative near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence cholangiography to visualize the common bile duct and remnant cystic duct. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on day 3 after surgery. At the 6-month follow-up, she had no recurrence of pain.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic surgery with NIR cholangiography is a safe and effective alternative for the removal of a cystic duct remnant calculus after cholecystectomy.
A cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of a telehealth-based train-the-trainer mealtime intervention delivered by respite care center volunteers to caregivers of persons with dementia to improve nutritional outcomes and quality of life
Authors: Amella Krug Elaine J. , Qanungo Suparna , Martin Kelley L. , Mueller Martina , Madisetti Mohan , Kelechi Teresa J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPersons with dementia with mild to moderate cognitive impairment are at risk for developing impairments with activities of daily living such as the ability to feed oneself, that negatively influence health. Lack of caregiver skills related to mealtime planning for persons with dementia and the ability to cope with dysfunctional behaviors are well-documented factors that influence nutritional status outcomes, lead to weight loss, poor quality of life, and impact their ability to remain at home.MethodsA cluster randomized controlled trial with a parallel mixed methods evaluation processes will be conducted to examine the efficacy of a train-the-trainer program using non-paid volunteers in respite care centers to deliver a telehealth mealtime intervention guided by the theory-basedC3P Model—Change the Person, Change the People, Change the Place (C3P).In this six-month study, dyads of caregivers and persons with mild to moderate dementia receiving respite care services will be randomized to receive either the telehealth intervention or enhanced usual care. Within the intervention group, dyads will be partnered with a C3P trained volunteer who will work with caregivers via videoconference to devise and implement mealtime plans. Under usual care, dyads will receive standardized educational materials modified fromThe Savvy Caregiver Programfor Alzheimer’s disease. The primary outcomes include weight maintenance or gain of the person with dementia and quality of life of the caregiver. A multi-level evaluation process utilizing respite center administrators and directors, volunteers, and caregivers will explore intervention fidelity, acceptability and sustainability. Using both the CONSORT and SPIRIT checklists as guidance, the comprehensive study design is more fully described in this manuscript.DiscussionIn this trial, we will lay the groundwork to examine the efficacy and sustainability of a train-the-trainer telehealth program that could be widely disseminated by national Alzheimer’s organizations and readily adopted by community agencies to provide additional resources to assist families in managing mealtimes at home, while promoting the quality of life of both the caregiver and the person with dementia.Trial registrationThis study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov:NCT03622814on August 9, 2018..