bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The leaf miner Phyllocnistis populiella negatively impacts water relations in aspen
Authors: Wagner Diane , Wheeler Jenifer M , Burr Stephen J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Within the North American boreal forest, a widespread outbreak of the epidermal leaf miner Phyllocnistis populiella Cham. has damaged quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) for nearly 20 years. In a series of experiments, we tested the effects of feeding damage by P. populiella on leaf water relations and gas exchange. Relative to insecticide-treated trees, the leaves of naturally mined trees had lower photosynthesis, stomatal conductance to water vapor, transpiration, water-use efficiency, predawn water potential and water content, as well as more enriched foliar δ13C. The magnitude of the difference between naturally mined and insecticide-treated trees did not change significantly throughout the growing season, suggesting that the effect is not caused by accumulation of incidental damage to mined portions of the epidermis over time. The contributions of mining-related stomatal malfunction and cuticular transpiration to these overall effects were investigated by restricting mining damage to stomatous abaxial and astomatous adaxial leaf surfaces. Mining of the abaxial epidermis decreased photosynthesis and enriched leaf δ13C, while increasing leaf water potential and water content relative to unmined leaves, effects consistent with stomatal closure due to disfunction of mined guard cells. Mining of the adaxial epidermis also reduced photosynthesis but had different effects on water relations, reducing midday leaf water potential and water content relative to unmined leaves, and did not affect δ13C. In the laboratory, extent of mining damage to the adaxial surface was positively related to the rate of water loss by leaves treated to prevent water loss through stomata. We conclude that overall, despite water savings due to closure of mined stomata, natural levels of damage by P. populiella negatively impact water relations due to increased cuticular permeability to water vapor across the mined portions of the epidermis. Leaf mining by P. populiella could exacerbate the negative effects of climate warming and water deficit in interior Alaska.
Implications of Generational and Age Metastereotypes for Older Adults at Work: The Role of Agency, Stereotype Threat, and Job Search Self-efficacy
Authors: Weiss David , Perry Elissa L 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study explored how age compared with generational metastereotypes (i.e., what people think other people believe about their age group/generation) affect older adults’ sense of agency and stereotype threat and, consequently, their job search self-efficacy. We conducted an experiment including N = 183 participants between 50 and 79 years of age, asking respondents to think about either age or generational metastereotypes. We then explored the extent to which these metastereotypes influenced participants’ job search self-efficacy through perceptions of agency and age-based stereotype threat. First, results demonstrate that the impact of age compared with generational metastereotypes on perceived agency and age-based stereotype threat was moderated by respondent age, such that effects were only significant for older adults (60–79 years) but not middle-aged adults (50–59 years). Second, among older adults, perceptions of agency and stereotype threat mediated the effect of metastereotypes on job search self-efficacy. Our results suggest that encouraging older adults to identify with their generational membership in contrast to their age may positively influence perceptions of their ability to find a job and ultimately their actual job search behaviors.
Resilience to dominant genetic disease in the healthy elderly
Authors: Lacaze Paul , Sebra Robert , Riaz Moeen , Tiller Jane , Revote Jerico , Phung James , Parker Emily J , Orchard Suzanne G , Lockery Jessica E , Wolfe Rory , Strahl Maya , Wang Ying C , Chen Rong , Sisco Daniel , Arnold Todd , Thompson Bryony A , Buchanan Daniel D , Macrae Finlay A , James Paul A , Abhayaratna Walter P , Lockett Trevor J , Gibbs Peter , Tonkin Andrew M , Nelson Mark R , Reid Christopher M , Woods Robyn L , Murray Anne M , Winship Ingrid , McNeil John J , Schadt Eric 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTHere we describe genomic screening of the healthy elderly to identify those resilient to adult-onset genetic disease, despite being at exceptionally high genetic risk. We sequenced 13,131 individuals aged 70 or older (mean age 75 years) from the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial. Participants had no prior history of cardiovascular disease, life-threatening cancer, persistent physical disability or dementia. We compared the prevalence of pathogenic variants in medically actionable autosomal dominant disease genes with that from the UK Biobank population, and assessed their clinical impact using personal medical history and adjudicated study outcomes during 4.5 years of follow-up. The frequency of pathogenic variants was less than reported among the younger UK Biobank population, suggesting these variants confer a survival disadvantage during the middle years of life. Yet we identified 141 individuals with pathogenic variants free of any associated disease up to average age 79.5 years. Further study of these elderly resilient individuals might help uncover genetic mechanisms that protect against the development of disease.
German Recommendations for Physical Activity and Physical Activity Promotion in Adults with Noncommunicable Diseases
Authors: Geidl Wolfgang , Abu-Omar Karim , Weege Mayra , Messing Sven , Pfeifer Klaus 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe objective of this study was to develop evidence-based recommendations for physical activity (PA) and PA promotion for German adults (18–65 years) with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).MethodsThe PA recommendations were developed based on existing PA recommendations and using a three-phased process. In phase 1, systematic literature searches were conducted for current PA recommendations for seven chronic conditions (osteoarthrosis of the hip and knee, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stable ischemic heart disease, stroke, clinical depression, and chronic non-specific back pain). In phase 2, the PA recommendations were evaluated on the basis of 28 quality criteria. High-quality recommendations were identified, and a content analysis was conducted on these recommendations. In phase 3, the findings of the content analysis were summarised, and PA recommendations for seven chronic conditions were deducted. The seven recommendations were then synthesised to generate generic German PA recommendations for adults with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). In relation to the recommendations for PA promotion, a systematic literature review was conducted on papers that reviewed the efficacy/effectiveness of interventions for PA promotion in adults with NCDs.ResultsThe German Recommendations for Physical Activity state that adults with NCDs should, over the course of a week, should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic PA, or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic PA, or a combination of both. Furthermore, muscle-strengthening activities should be performed at least twice a week. The promotion of PA among adults with NCDs should be theory-based, specifically target PA behaviour, and be tailored to the respective target group. In this context, and as an intervention method, exercise referral schemes are one of the more promising methods of promoting PA in adults with NCDs.ConclusionThe development of evidence-based recommendations for PA and PA promotion is an important step in terms of the initiation and implementation of actions for PA-related health promotion in Germany. The German Recommendations for PA and PA promotion inform adults affected by NCDs and health professionals on how much PA would be optimal for adults with NCDs. Additionally, the recommendations provide professionals entrusted in PA promotion the best strategies and interventions to raise low PA levels in adults with NCDs. The formulation of specific PA recommendations for adults with NCDs and their combination with recommendations on PA promotion is a unique characteristic of the German recommendations.
Diffusion Histology Imaging to Improve Lesion Detection and Classification in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ye Zezhong , George Ajit , Wu Anthony T. , Niu Xuan , Lin Joshua , Adusumilli Gautam , Cross Anne H. , Sun Peng , Song Sheng-Kwei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosing MS through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires extensive clinical experience and tedious work. Furthermore, MRI-indicated MS lesion locations rarely align with the patients’ symptoms and often contradict with pathology studies. Our lab has developed and modified a novel diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) technique to address the shortcomings of MRI-based MS diagnoses. Although primary DBSI metrics have been demonstrated to be associated with axonal injury/loss, demyelination and inflammation, a more detailed analysis using multiple DBSI-structural metrics to improve the accuracy of MS lesion detection and differentiation is still needed. Here we report that Diffusion Histology Imaging (DHI), an improved approach that combines a deep neural network (DNN) algorithm with improved DBSI analyses, accurately detected and classified various MS lesion types.MethodsThirty-eight multiple sclerosis patients were scanned with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) using fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) using magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo (MPRAGE), magnetization transfer contrast (MTR) imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging. The imaging results identified 43,261 voxels from 91 persistent black hole (PBH) lesions, 89 persistent gray hole (PGH) lesions, 16 acute gray hole (AGH) lesions, 189 non-black hole (NBH) lesions and 113 normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) areas. Data extracted from these lesions were randomly split into training, validation, and testing groups with an 8:1:1 ratio. The DNN was constructed with 10 fully-connected hidden layers using TensorFlow 2.0 in Python. Batch normalization and dropout regularization were used for model optimization.ResultsEach MS lesion type had unique DBSI derived diffusion metric profiles. Based on these DBSI diffusion metric profiles, DHI achieved a 93.6% overall concordance with neurologist determinations of all five MS lesions, compared with 74.3% from conventional MRI (cMRI)-DNN model, 78.2% from MTR-DNN model, and 80% from DTI-DNN model. DHI also achieved greater performances on detecting individual MS lesion types compared to other models. Specifically, DHI showed great performances on prediction of PBH (AUC: 0.991; F1-score: 0.923), PGH (AUC: 0.977; F1-score: 0.823) and AGH (AUC: 0.987; F1-score: 0.887), which significantly outperformed other models.ConclusionsDHI significantly improves the detection and classification accuracy for various MS lesion types, which could greatly aid the clinical decisions of neurologists and neuroradiologists. The efficacy and efficiency of this DNN model shows great promise for clinical application.
Dissecting the association of C-reactive protein levels with PTSD, traumatic events, and social support
Authors: Carvalho Carolina Muniz , Wendt Frank R , Maihofer Adam X. , Stein Dan J. , Stein Murray B. , Sumner Jennifer A. , Hemmings Sian M. J. , Nievergelt Caroline M. , Koenen Karestan C. , Gelernter Joel , Belangero Sintia I , Polimanti Renato 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) have been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic experience, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the association among CRP, PTSD, and traits related to traumatic events and social support using genome-wide data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (30,000 cases and 170,000 controls), the UK Biobank (UKB; up to 117,900 individuals), and the CHARGE study (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology, 148,164 individual). Linkage disequilibrium score regression, polygenic risk scoring, and two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were used to investigate genetic overlap and causal relationships. Genetic correlations of CRP were observed with PTSD (rg=0.16, p=0.026) and behavioral and emotional response to trauma, exposure to traumatic events, and the presence of social support (−0.28<rg<0.20; p<0.008). We observed a bidirectional association between CRP and PTSD (CRP→PTSD: β=0.065, p=0.015; PTSD→CRP: β=0.008, p=0.009). CRP also showed a negative association on the “felt loved as a child” trait (UKB, β=-0.017, p=0.008). Due to the known association of socioeconomic status (SES) on PTSD and social support, a multivariable MR was performed to investigate SES as potential mediator. We found that household income (univariate MR: β=-0.22, p=1.57×10−7; multivariate MR: β=-0.17, p=0.005) and deprivation index (univariate MR: β=0.38, p=1.63×10−9; multivariate MR: β=0.27, p=0.016) were driving the causal estimates of “felt loved as a child” and CRP on PTSD. The present findings highlight a bidirectional association between PTSD and CRP levels, also suggesting a potential role of SES in the interplay between childhood support and inflammatory processes with respect to PTSD risk.
Impact of a natural disaster on access to care and biopsychosocial outcomes among Hispanic/Latino cancer survivors
Authors: Rodriguez-Rabassa Mary , Hernandez Ruthmarie , Rodriguez Zindie , Colon-Echevarria Claudia B. , Maldonado Lizette , Tollinchi Nelmit , Torres Estefania , Mulero Adnil , Albors Daniela , Perez-Morales Jaileene , Flores Idhaliz , Jim Heather , Castro Eida M. , Armaiz-Pena Guillermo N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCancer is the leading cause of death in Puerto Rico (PR). Hurricane Maria (HM) and its aftermath lead to widespread devastation in the island, including the collapse of the healthcare system. Medically fragile populations, such as cancer survivors, were significantly affected. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of HM on barriers to care, emotional distress, and inflammatory biomarkers among cancer survivors in PR. This exploratory longitudinal study was conducted in health care facilities and community support groups from PR. Cancer survivors (n=50) and non-cancer participants (n=50) completed psychosocial questionnaires and provided blood samples that were used to assess inflammatory cytokines levels. Data were analyzed through descriptive, frequencies, correlational, and linear regression analyses. Cancer survivors that were affected by HM reported increased barriers in accessing medical care, which were directly associated with anxiety, perceived stress, and post-traumatic symptomatology. Moreover, being a cancer survivor, along with closeness in time from HM predicted more barriers to receiving health care. Several inflammatory cytokines, such as CD31, BDNF, TFF3, Serpin E-1, Vitamin D BP, VCAM-1, Osteopontin, Chitinase 3 like 1, MMP-9 and MIF were significantly upregulated in cancer survivors while BDNF, MMP9 and Osteopontin had significant positive correlations with barriers to care. HM significantly impacted Puerto Ricans psychosocial well-being. Cancer survivors had significant barriers to care and showed increased serum inflammatory cytokines, but didn’t show differences in anxiety, stress and post-traumatic symptoms compared to non-cancer participants.
Effects of combining constraint-induced movement therapy and action-observation training on upper limb kinematics in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Simon-Martinez Cristina , Mailleux Lisa , Jaspers Ellen , Ortibus Els , Desloovere Kaat , Klingels Katrijn , Feys Hilde 
Published: October 2019

AbstractModified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) improves upper limb (UL) motor execution in unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP). As these children also show motor planning deficits, action-observation training (AOT) might be of additional value. Here, we investigated the combined value of AOT to mCIMT on UL kinematics in children with uCP. Thirty-six children with uCP completed an UL kinematic evaluation after participating in a 9-day mCIMT camp wearing a splint for 6 hours/day. The experimental group (mCIMT+AOT, n=20) received 15 hours of AOT, i.e. video-observation and execution of unimanual tasks. The control group (mCIMT+placebo, n=16) watched biological-motion free videos and executed the same tasks. We examined changes in motor control (movement duration, peak velocity, time-to-peak velocity, and trajectory straightness) and movement patterns (using Statistical Parametric Mapping) during the execution of three unimanual, relevant tasks before the intervention, after and at 6 months follow-up. Adding AOT to mCIMT mainly affected movement duration during reaching, whereas little benefit is seen on UL movement patterns. mCIMT, with or without AOT, improved peak velocity and trajectory straightness, and proximal movement patterns. These results highlight the importance of including kinematics in an UL evaluation to capture changes in motor control and movement patterns of the proximal joints.
Presence of additionalP. vivaxmalaria in Duffy negative individuals from Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oboh Mary Aigbiremo , Singh Upasana Shyamsunder , Nidaye Daouda , Badiane Aida S. , Ali Anwar , Bharti Praveen Kumar , Das Aparup 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMalaria in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) is thought to be hugely caused byPlasmodium falciparumand very infrequently byP. ovale, P. malariae, withP. vivaxnot even being considered to be of any significant role. However, with the availability of very sensitive diagnostic tool, it has become more clear that, the percentage of non-falciparum malaria in this sub-region has been underestimated.P. vivaxwas historically thought to be absent in sSA due to the high prevalence of the Duffy null antigen in individuals residing here. Nevertheless, recent studies reporting the detection of vivax malaria in Duffy-negative individuals challenges this notion. Following our earlier report ofP. vivaxin Duffy-negative individuals, we have re-assessed all previous samples following the classical PCR method and sequencing to confirm both single/mixed infections as well as the Duffy status of the individuals.Interestingly, fifteen additionalPlasmodiuminfections were detected, representing 5.9% in prevalence from our earlier work. In addition,P. vivaxrepresents 26.7% (4/15) of the new isolates collected in Nigeria. Sequencing results confirmed, all vivax isolates as truly vivax malaria and their Duffy status to be that of the Duffy-negative genotype. The identification of more vivax isolates among these Duffy-negative individuals from Nigeria, substantiate the expanding body of evidence of the ability ofP. vivaxto infect RBCs that do not express the DARC gene. Hence, such geno-epidemiological study should be conducted at the national level in order to evaluate the actual burden ofP. vivaxin the country.
Localization of BCR-ABL to stress granules contributes to its oncogenic function
Authors: Kashiwagi Sayaka , Fujioka Yoichiro , Kondo Takeshi , Satoh Aya O. , Yoshida Aiko , Fujioka Mari , Sasajima Hitoshi , Amano Maho , Teshima Takanori , Ohba Yusuke 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe oncogenic tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL activates a variety of signaling pathways and plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML); however, the subcellular distribution of this chimeric protein remains controversial. Here, we report that BCR-ABL is localized to stress granules and that its granular localization contributes to BCR-ABL-dependent leukemogenesis. BCR-ABL-positive granules were not colocalized with any markers for membrane-bound organelles but were colocalized with HSP90a, a component of RNA granules. The number of such granules increased with thapsigargin treatment, confirming that the granules were stress granules. Given that treatment with the ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib and elimination of the N-terminal region of BCR-ABL abolished granule formation, kinase activity and the coiled-coil domain are required for granule formation. Whereas wild-type BCR-ABL rescued the growth defect in IL-3-depleted Ba/F3 cells, mutant BCR-ABL lacking the N-terminal region failed to do so. Moreover, forced tetramerization of the N-terminus-deleted mutant could not restore the growth defect, indicating that granule formation, but not tetramerization, through its N-terminus is critical for BCR-ABL-dependent oncogenicity. Our findings together provide new insights into the pathogenesis of CML by BCR-ABL and open a window for developing novel therapeutic strategies for this disease.
Opening Pandora’s Box: Distribution of Plasmodium gametocytes in bloodstream
Authors: Pigeault R. , Isaïa J. , Yerbanga R. S. , Kounbobr R. D. , Ouedraogo J.B. , Cohuet A. , Lefèvre T. , Christe P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMalaria, a vector borne disease caused by Plasmodium spp., remains a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Optimization of the disease control strategies requires a thorough understanding of the fundamental processes underlying parasite transmission. Although the number of transmissible stages of Plasmodium (gametocyte) in human blood is frequently used as an indicator of human-to-mosquito transmission potential, this relationship is not always clear. Important efforts have been made to develop molecular tools to fine-tune gametocyte densities estimation and therefore improve the prediction of mosquito infection rates, but a significant level of uncertainty around this estimate remains. Here we show with both human and avian malaria system that the within-vertebrate host distribution of gametocytes could explain much of this uncertainty. By comparing gametocyte densities in bloodstream between different body parts, we found a difference by nearly 50% in humans and by more than 15% in birds. An estimation of gametocyte density from only one blood sample, as is usually the case, could therefore drastically over- or underestimated the infectivity of gametocyte carriers. This might have important consequences on the epidemiology of the disease since we show, using the avian malaria system, that this variation influences the transmission of the parasite to the mosquito vector. In the light of our results, we argue that it is essential to consider the heterogeneous distribution of gametocyte to improve human diagnosis, identify infectious reservoirs and to test new malaria control strategies.