bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of poultry litter and mineral nitrogen on growth and yield of winter canola
Authors: Lin Yaru , Watts Dexter B. , Torbert H. Allen , Howe Julie A. , Feng Yucheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCanola (Brassica napinsL.) has the potential to be used as a winter crop in the southeastern United States, but little is known about its nitrogen management when grown in this region. Increasing fertilizer costs have increased interest in using poultry litter (PL) as an alternative nutrient source for crops in this region. However, evaluation of the use of PL on canola growth and yield is lacking. Thus, a field study was conducted at Shorter, AL (loamy sand soil) and Prattville, AL (fine sandy loam soil) using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Fertility treatments consisted of an unfertilized control (P0U0), commercial fertilizer N (urea, 180 kg N ha−1, P0U180), PL at 68 kg N ha‐1with 112 kg N ha−1urea (P68U112), PL at 112 kg N ha−1with 68 kg N ha−1urea (P112U68), and PL at 180 kg N ha−1(P180U0). Overall, the combination of PL and urea application significantly increased canola growth (plant height and aboveground biomass) and elevated grain yield compared with PL application alone or with the control. The P68U112treatment resulted in an equivalent aboveground biomass, grain yield, and N uptake compared with the recommended urea treatment. This study suggests that a combination of PL and commercial fertilizer N could provide sustainable canola yield production in the southeastern United States.
Leaf nitrogen metabolism during reproductive phase is crucial for sustaining lint yield of densely populated cotton genotypes
Authors: Khan Aziz , Najeeb Ullah , Xiangjun Kong , Munsif Fazal , Jie Zheng , Zhou Ruiyang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPlanting density and genotype choice are important agronomic techniques to achieve high crop yields. This study explored how planting density and genotypes affect cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) leaf N metabolism and lint yield. Treatments included three planting densities (low, 3.00 × 104; moderate, 6.00 × 104; and high, 9.00 × 104plants ha−1) and two genotypes (Zhongmiang16 and J‐4B). A randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement was used. Planting density of 6.00 × 104ha−1positively influenced leaf physio‐biochemical attributes and boll production. The high planting density reduced lint yield by suppressing leaf soluble sugar, protein, amino acid, chlorophylla, chlorophyllb, nitrate N and nitrite N content, nitrite reductase, and nitrate reductase activity. Moderate‐density crop produced 15.9 and 10.7% more lint yield than low‐ and high‐density planting, respectively. This high yield was the result of improved leaf level functioning (e.g., increased pigmentation and N metabolism during late reproductive growth), which increased C assimilation. Favorable leaf microclimate could also have sustained activities of leaf nitrate and nitrite reductase and increased amino acid and protein contents, with better distribution of N metabolic assimilates. Late reproductive structure development closely allied with leaf physiological attributes under a short growing season. Cotton genotypes, irrespective of their architectural variation, produced higher lint yield when grown at 6 × 104ha−1in a short cropping season.
Evaluation of Charged Defect Energy in Two‐Dimensional Semiconductors for Nanoelectronics: The WLZ Extrapolation Method
Authors: Xia Sha , Wang Dan , Chen Nian‐Ke , Han Dong , Li Xian‐Bin , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDefects play a central role in controlling the electronic properties of two‐dimensional (2D) materials and realizing the industrialization of 2D electronics. However, the evaluation of charged defects in 2D materials within first‐principles calculation is very challenging and has triggered a recent development of the WLZ (Wang, Li, Zhang) extrapolation method. This method lays the foundation of the theoretical evaluation of energies of charged defects in 2D materials within the first‐principles framework. Herein, the vital role of defects for advancing 2D electronics is discussed, followed by an introduction of the fundamentals of the WLZ extrapolation method. The ionization energies (IEs) obtained by this method for defects in various 2D semiconductors are then reviewed and summarized. Finally, the unique defect physics in 2D dimensions including the dielectric environment effects, defect ionization process, and carrier transport mechanism captured with the WLZ extrapolation method are presented. As an efficient and reasonable evaluation of charged defects in 2D materials for nanoelectronics and other emerging applications, this work can be of benefit to the community.
Microencapsulation of sulfur by calcium alginate
Authors: Anozie Uche C. , Ju Lu‐Kwang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe sulfur blooms on surface of rubber compounds cause loss of the needed tack for formation of multiply articles like tires. Although insoluble sulfur can be used to mitigate this problem, it is expensive to manufacture with a complex and hazardous process. This work examines an alternative approach that involves microencapsulation of soluble sulfur in alginate‐based matrix. The formulations and procedures are developed and evaluated. Alginate crosslinking time, controlled temperature change (e.g., from 10 to 36°C), and the drying method were found to be critical to achieving high encapsulation efficiencies. The higher temperature (36°C) helped with the mass transfer limited removal of CS2 used for dissolving sulfur, and treatment of crosslinked beads with oil prior to air‐drying improved sulfur encapsulation. Formulated beads had higher than 65% sulfur content (>80%, oil‐free basis) with almost 90% of the beads being <150 μm. The process parameters can be adjusted to make even smaller beads.
Side‐reactions in diisocyanate‐derived bulk polyurea synthesis
Authors: Stern Theodor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolyureas comprise a versatile family of polymers, widely applied mainly due to their outstanding mechanical properties. Nevertheless, due to the inherently very high reactivity of the isocyanate groups, polyurea synthesis is accompanied by crosslinking side‐reactions, strongly affecting the polymers properties, and possible applications. The present research focused on the direct investigation and diagnostic determination in solid state, of the possible chemical structures formation in bulk polyurea synthesis, using a combination of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and solid‐state 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Syntheses of polyureas were hereby designed to yield a very high density of the newly formed chemical structures and, consequently obtaining strong and accurate diagnostic analytical signals. The results of the present research, conclusively revealed that even in so‐designed linear polyureas, there is a predominant occurrence of biuret formation and a significantly lower urea group occurrence. Polyureas of a 2:1 excess of diisocyanate:diamine, exhibited an almost exclusive biuret content. Synthesis of a new branched and crosslinked polymer using a monoamine and diisocyanate, provided strong evidence of a preferential further side‐reaction of isocyanate groups with formed biurets, rather than with the very abundantly remaining urea groups to form new biurets. An energetically‐favorable mechanism for the further side‐reaction of formed biurets is hereby suggested. Solid‐state 13C NMR analysis results were highly consistent with the FTIR results.
Perturbation to aquatic photosynthesis due to high energy muons from cosmic ray bursts due to neutron star mergers
Authors: Rodríguez‐López Lien , Cárdenas Rolando , González‐Rodríguez Lisdelys , Peñate Liuba , Parra Oscar , Urrutia Roberto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, we propose a modification of the E‐model (Cullen, Neale, and Lesser) mathematical model for aquatic photosynthesis to include the action of ionizing radiation. We evaluated, with this modified model, the perturbations that muons from neutron star fusions could cause in the biological process of aquatic photosynthesis. It is shown that neutron star fusions not far from the solar system have the potential to considerably deplete aquatic photosynthesis.
Modifying Post‐Translational Modifications: A Strategy Used by Archaea for Adapting to Changing Environments?
Authors: Eichler Jerry 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn concert with the selective pressures affecting protein folding and function in the extreme environments in which they can exist, proteins in Archaea have evolved to present permanent molecular adaptations at the amino acid sequence level. Such adaptations may not, however, suffice when Archaea encounter transient changes in their surroundings. Post‐translational modifications offer a rapid and reversible layer of adaptation for proteins to cope with such situations. Here, it is proposed that Archaea further augment their ability to survive changing growth conditions by modifying the extent, position, and, where relevant, the composition of different post‐translational modifications, as a function of the environment. Support for this hypothesis comes from recent reports describing how patterns of protein glycosylation, methylation, and other post‐translational modifications of archaeal proteins are altered in response to environmental change. Indeed, adjusting post‐translational modifications as a means to cope with environmental variability may also hold true beyond the Archaea.
Effects of socially appropriate singing on the vocal stereotypy of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Thomas Benjamin R. , Charlop Marjorie H. , Lim Nataly , Gumaer Caitlyn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of children with autism spectrum disorder engaging in socially acceptable singing on their vocal stereotypy. A multiple‐baseline across four participants with embedded multielement designs was used to assess the effects of the singing intervention upon later occurrence of vocal stereotypy for each participant. Results showed that fewer instances of vocal stereotypy occurred during and after singing intervention sessions. Additionally, two children began to emit appropriate singing after intervention, which suggests that the topography of their vocal stereotypy (e.g., monosyllabic or screeching sounds) was altered to some extent. Overall, results suggest positive implications for teaching appropriate vocal behaviors as functional replacements for vocal stereotypy.
Laparoscopic repeat liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicentre propensity score-based study
Authors: Morise Z , Aldrighetti L , Belli G , Ratti F , Belli A , Cherqui D , Tanabe M , Wakabayashi G , Cheung T T , Lo C M , Tanaka S , Kubo S , Okamura Y , Uesaka K , Monden K , Sadamori H , Hashida K , Kawamoto K , Gotohda N , Chen K H , Kanazawa A , Takeda Y , Ohmura Y , Ueno M , Ogura T , Suh K S , Kato Y , Sugioka A , Nitta H , Yasunaga M , Halium N A , Laurent A , Kaneko H , Otsuka Y , Kim K H , Cho H-D , Lin C C-W , Ome Y , Seyama Y , Troisi R I , Berardi G , Roteller F , Wilson G C , Geller D A , Soubrane O , Yoh T , Kaizu T , Kumamoto Y , Han H-S , Ekmekcigil E , Dagher I , Fuks D , Gayet B , Buell J F , Ciria R , Briceno J , O'Rourke N , Lewin J , Edwin B , Shinoda M , Abe Y , Hilal M Abu , Alzoubi M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
In the absence of randomized controlled data and even propensity-matched data, indications for, and outcomes of, laparoscopic repeat liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain uncertain. This study aimed to clarify the current indications for laparoscopic repeat liver resection for HCC, and to evaluate outcomes.

Methods
Forty-two liver surgery centres around the world registered patients who underwent repeat liver resection for HCC. Patient characteristics, preoperative liver function, tumour characteristics, surgical method, and short- and long-term outcomes were recorded.

Results
Analyses showed that the laparoscopic procedure was generally used in patients with relatively poor performance status and liver function, but favourable tumour characteristics. Intraoperative blood loss (mean(s.d.) 254(551) versus 748(1128) ml; P &lt; 0·001), duration of operation (248(156) versus 285(167) min; P &lt; 0·001), morbidity (12·7 versus 18·1 per cent; P = 0·006) and duration of postoperative hospital stay (10·1(14·3) versus 11·8(11·8) days; P = 0·013) were significantly reduced for laparoscopic compared with open procedures, whereas survival time was comparable (median 10·04 versus 8·94 years; P = 0·297). Propensity score matching showed that laparoscopic repeat liver resection for HCC resulted in less intraoperative blood loss (268(730) versus 497(784) ml; P = 0·001) and a longer operation time (272(187) versus 232(129); P = 0·007) than the open approach, and similar survival time (12·55 versus 8·94 years; P = 0·086).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic repeat liver resection is feasible in selected patients with recurrent HCC.
Common‐factor stochastic volatility modelling with observable proxy
Authors: Fang Yizhou , Lysy Martin , Mcleish Don 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMulti‐asset modelling is of fundamental importance to financial applications such as risk management and portfolio selection. In this article, we propose a multivariate stochastic volatility modelling framework with a parsimonious and interpretable correlation structure. Building on well‐established evidence of common volatility factors among individual assets, we consider a multivariate diffusion process with a common‐factor structure in the volatility innovations. Upon substituting an observable market proxy for the common volatility factor, we markedly improve the estimation of several model parameters and latent volatilities. The model is applied to a portfolio of several important constituents of the S&P500 in the financial sector, with the VIX index as the common‐factor proxy. We find that the prediction intervals for asset forecasts are comparable to those of more complex dependence models, but that option‐pricing uncertainty can be greatly reduced by adopting a common‐volatility structure.The Canadian Journal of Statistics48: 36–61; 2020 © 2020 Statistical Society of Canada
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid, Givosiran, in Patients With Acute Hepatic Porphyria
Authors: Agarwal Sagar , Simon Amy R. , Goel Varun , Habtemariam Bahru A. , Clausen Valerie A. , Kim Jae B. , Robbie Gabriel J. 
Published: January 2020

Givosiran is a small interfering ribonucleic acid agent that was recently approved in the United States for the treatment of acute hepatic porphyria (AHP). This phase I study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profile of subcutaneously (SC) administered givosiran in patients with acute intermittent porphyria, the most common AHP type. Givosiran was rapidly absorbed from the SC injection site with peak plasma concentrations achieved within 0.5–5 hours followed by elimination with a short half‐life of 4–10 hours. Plasma exposures of AS(N‐1)3′ givosiran, an active metabolite with equal potency as givosiran, was 35%–75%. Givosiran treatment resulted in a rapid and dose‐dependent reduction in urinary aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) towards the upper limit of normal (ULN) in AHP patients. Greater and more sustained reductions in ALA and PBG were achieved with once monthly dosing compared with once quarterly dosing. After monthly dosing, trough ALA levels were reduced to below the ULN, approximately 95% reduction from baseline, at both the 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg doses.
Hydrogen‐Bonding Donor‐Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts
Authors: Mallo Neil , Tron Arnaud , Andréasson Joakim , Harper Jason B. , Jacob Lorrie S. D. , McClenaghan Nathan D. , Jonusauskas Gediminas , Beves Jonathon E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe binding of donor‐acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) bearing hydrogen‐bond recognition groups by Hamilton‐type receptors significantly influenced their photoswitching properties by altering thermal barriers to isomerization. The thermal barrier between the most stable linear isomer and the photogenerated isomer is lowered on binding to a receptor, and this barrier is crucial for switching properties. The thermal isomerization was shown to proceed via a stepwise linear‐enol‐keto mechanism in DMSO where the tautomerisation barrier is within 2 kJ ⋅ mol−1 of that of the rate‐determining step, which may be important for analyzing switching properties.
Porous Metal–Organic Frameworks Containing Reversible Disulfide Linkages as Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shimizu Takeshi , Wang Heng , Matsumura Daiju , Mitsuhara Kei , Ohta Toshiaki , Yoshikawa Hirofumi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThree porous disulfide‐ligand‐containing metal–organic frameworks (DS‐MOFs) and two nonporous coordination polymers with disulfide ligands (DS‐CPs) with various structural dimensionalities were used as cathode active materials in lithium batteries. Charge/discharge performance examinations revealed that only porous DS‐MOF‐based batteries exhibited significant capacities close to the theoretical values, which was ascribed to the insertion of electrolyte ions into the DS‐MOFs. The insolubility of porous 3 D DS‐MOFs in the electrolyte resulted in cycling performances superior to that of their 1 D and 2 D porous counterparts. Battery reactions were probed by instrumental analyses. The dual redox reactions of metal ions and disulfide ligands in the MOFs resulted in higher capacities, and the presence of reversible electrochemically dynamic S−S bonds stabilized the cycling performance. Thus, the strategy of S−S moiety trapping in MOFs and the obtained correlation between the structural features and battery performance could contribute to the design of high‐performance MOF‐based batteries and the practical realization of Li‐S batteries.
Identifying delirium in Parkinson disease: A pilot study
Authors: Lawson Rachael A. , Richardson Sarah J. , Yarnall Alison J. , Burn David J. , Allan Louise M. 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionPeople with Parkinson disease (PD) may be at increased risk of delirium and associated adverse outcomes. Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome defined by confusion and inattention and is common in older adults. Previous studies may have underestimated the prevalence of delirium in PD because of overlapping symptoms, lack of awareness, and poorly defined criteria. We aimed to identify the prevalence and incidence of delirium in inpatients with PD.MeasurementsParticipants were inpatients with PD admitted over a 4‐month period. Delirium prevalence was classified using a standardised assessment at a single visit on the basis of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM‐5) criteria. To capture remaining time in hospital, incident delirium was diagnosed using detailed clinical vignettes and a validated consensus method.ResultsForty‐four PD patients consented to take part in the study, accounting for 53 admissions. Delirium prevalence was 34.0% (n = 18); reviewing participants over the duration of their hospital stay identified 30 (56.6%) incident delirium cases. The admitting team screened 24.5% for delirium, and delirium was documented in eight (14.8%) patients' medical notes. Patients with delirium were significantly older, had higher frailty scores, and had a longer hospital stay (P < .05 for all).ConclusionsDelirium is common in PD inpatients at admission and incidence increases during hospital stay, but delirium is commonly missed. Our results highlight the importance of screening for delirium throughout patients' stay in hospital. Future studies should consider frequent evaluation over the duration of hospital stay to identify emergent delirium during the admission.
Cu/Oil nanofluids flow over a semi‐infinite plate accounting an experimental model
Authors: Soleimani Seyed Soroush , Jahandari Soheil , Aberoumand Sadegh , Rahmani Aida , Shokrgozar Ali 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, the flow of Cu/oil nanofluids over an impermeable semi‐infinite plate was investigated. A complete single‐phase modeling of nanofluids flowing over a semi‐infinite plate was performed, bringing into account, real experimental data of oil‐based nanofluids. The empirical correlations revealed that the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the pure oil and oil‐based nanofluids strongly depend on temperature. The similarity transformation method was utilized to transform governing partial differential equations into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations solved by employing the standard Runge–Kutta. The results showed that even low volumetric fraction of copper/oil nanofluids noticeably enhanced the heat transfer; however, such behavior was not predicted accounting the classic modeling of nanofluids. Furthermore, both hydrodynamics and thermal characteristics were reliant on the thermal boundary conditions, which this seems to have received a marginal focus in the existing literature.
ADAPTIVE FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT†
Authors: Emami Kamran 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBased on the worldwide experiences, the most important challenges of flood engineers are:

managing substantial increase of flood risks with limited resources;
avoiding adverse environmental consequences of flood control projects;
coping with uncertainty in all relevant aspects.
Now in second decade of the 21st century, it has become obvious, that the approach to flood management is increasingly adaptive and non‐structural. In the last decades, adaptive management has been extensively utilized in environmental and restoration projects. In this context, adopting the strategies of adaptive management in water engineering and flood management appears to offer great advantages. Adaptive management is a structured, iterative process of optimal decision making in the face of uncertainty, with an aim to reducing uncertainty over time via system monitoring. The strategies of adaptive flood management are as follows:

adaptability (changing threat to opportunity);
flexible decision making (to cope with uncertainties);
monitoring and vigilance;
learning while doing;
application of new knowledge and technologies;
avoiding costly irreversible mistakes;
updating the objectives;
extensive risk recognition;
focus on long‐term management rather than construction;
resilience;
harmony with environment;
passive and active adaptive management;
stakeholders participation;
enhanced real time reactions.
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.