bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel reversible data hiding based on adaptive block‐partition and payload‐allocation method
Authors: Yang Yang , Huang Genyan , Zou Tianrui , Zhang Weiming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA reversible data hiding method based on partition is researched because it can effectively reduce shifting distortion in given embedding capacity. However, traditional partition is to divide an image into equal‐sized blocks, which cannot be divided reasonably according to the content of the image. In order to achieve dynamic partition and effectively utilize the complexity of the image, this paper proposes a novel reversible data hiding based on adaptive block‐partition and payload‐allocation method. In this technique, instead of equal partition, adaptive block‐partition is proposed to establish multiple histograms by dividing the cover image into several image blocks of different sizes dynamically, and the image blocks of different sizes are processed successively through multiple sorting and implement adaptive payload allocation according to complexity, then the data is embedded into two sides of prediction‐error histograms to effectively reduce the shifting distortion. Experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the state‐of‐the‐art traditional fixed‐sized blocking‐based reversible data hiding methods.
Application of a novel image moment computation in X‐ray and MRI image watermarking
Authors: Singh Manoj K. , Kumar Sanoj , Ali Musrrat , Saini Deepika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOrthogonal polar image moments which are defined over a unit disk, are used often in watermarking applications. One such image moment is polar harmonic Fourier transformation (PHFT). The quality of the extracted watermark depends on the accuracy of the computed image moments. Various methods have already been used for the computation of the moments with varying degrees of accuracy. This study proposes application of a novel image moments computation method which is a synergy of analytic, and numerical techniques, to image watermarking. The computed moment results in a robust watermark extraction. The PHFT have rotation, and scaling invariance property, which allows the watermark to resist various geometric attacks. In addition to the geometric attacks the watermark has the capability to resist various signal processing attacks. The performance of the proposed watermarking scheme is performed with the methods used in recently published articles. The experimental results show that the proposed method has the better performance compared to other techniques, and has better capability to resist various attacks.
Spectral domain approach applied to the rigorous determination of the microwave field in planar structures with asymmetric electrodes distribution
Authors: Crivellaro de Menezes João Paulo , da Silva Lemes Andryos , Barbosa Oliveira José Edimar , Kitano Claudio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAmong several methods used for designing microstrip‐like microwave and millimetre‐wave waveguides, we have the spectral domain approach (SDA), which allows determining parameters such as effective permittivity and characteristic impedance of multi‐electrode and multi‐layer structures. SDA is also important for designing integrated optical phase modulators, especially for computing the electromagnetic field distribution, which is essential for the determination of their half‐wave voltage and frequency bandwidth. However, it was verified that when SDA technique is applied to the computation of the field pattern inside boxed waveguides with asymmetric electrode distribution, accurate results were not obtained. Since electrical quantities in SDA, including electromagnetic field, depend on the current distribution on the electrodes, a formulation taking into account the method of images for the correct description of these currents can solve the drawback. Simulations show that using asymmetric electrodes in lithium‐niobate‐based coplanar strip (CPS) modulators, although not very usual, can provide an extra degree of freedom to their designs. We show that is possible to reduce the effective permittivity, obtain characteristic impedances nearer 50 Ω, and double the peak amplitude for the π‐mode electric field compared to that obtained for odd mode on symmetric CPS. This can improve the performance of travelling‐wave electro‐optic modulators.
Design of a compact UWB BPF with a Fractal Tree Stub Loaded Multimode Resonator
Authors: Kumari Puja , Sarkar Pankaj , Ghatak Rowdra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel technique to design an ultra‐wideband bandpass filter (UWB BPF) based on fractal tree stub loaded multimode resonators. Two different topologies are opted to verify the relationships between resonant modes of the multimode resonators with different parameters of the fractal tree stub. UWB bandwidth is acquired by increasing iterations of the fractal tree without a significant effect on the filter's physical size. The proposed topologies provide design flexibility in terms of resonance and bandwidth, which are directly related to the iteration order of the fractal tree used. To verify all the features of fractal‐tree‐based UWB BPF, the proposed UWB BPF is parametrically studied using electromagnetic simulation, and a prototype is fabricated. The measured and simulated results are in close agreement. The actual size of the filters is 11.5 × 9.6 mm2. The proposed filter covers the whole band of UWB with a minimum insertion loss of 1 dB and return loss is better than 10 dB. The measured stopband extends up to 16 GHz.
Dealing with co‐channel interference in multi‐channel airborne passive radar
Authors: Cristallini Diego , Summers Ashley , Wojaczek Philipp , Young Robert , O'Hagan Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe address the problem of co‐channel interference (CCI) in multi‐channel airborne passive radars using digital broadcast signals of opportunity. A framework for suppressing the CCI is proposed, based on a two‐stage approach, which reflects the range–Doppler map being a function of both a reference and a surveillance signal. In the first stage, the multiple receiving channels are used to reduce the CCI and hence improve the reconstruction of the digital reference signal. In the second stage, multi‐channel processing in the range–Doppler domain is performed to further limit the effects of CCI. For each CCI suppression stage, several filters are proposed and their performances are evaluated against real data.
The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters
Authors: Lucertini F. , Nardiello D. , Piotto G. 
Published: December 2020

Aims. We present a new technique to estimate the relative ages of multiple stellar populations hosted by the following five globular clusters: NGC 104 (47 Tuc), NGC 6121 (M 4), NGC 6352, NGC 6362, and NGC 6723.
Methods. We used the catalogs of the database HST UV Globular Cluster Survey to create color-magnitude and two-color diagrams of the globular clusters. We identified the multiple populations within each globular cluster, and we divided these into two main stellar populations: POPa, or first generation; and POPb, which is composed of all the successive generations of stars. This new technique allows us to obtain an accurate estimate of the relative ages between POPa and POPb.
Results. The multiple populations of NGC 104 and NGC 6121 are coeval within 220 Myr and 214 Myr, while those of NGC 6352, NGC 6362, and NGC 6723 are coeval within 336 Myr, 474 Myr, and 634 Myr, respectively. These results were obtained combining all the sources of uncertainties.
Planetesimal formation around the snow line
Authors: Hyodo Ryuki , Guillot Tristan , Ida Shigeru , Okuzumi Satoshi , Youdin Andrew N. 
Published: December 2020

Context.Forming planetesimals is a major challenge in our current understanding of planet formation. Around the snow line, icy pebbles and silicate dust may locally pile up and form icy and rocky planetesimals via a streaming instability and/or gravitational instability. The scale heights of both pebbles and silicate dust released from sublimating pebbles are critical parameters that regulate the midplane concentrations of solids.Aims.Here, using a realistic description of the scale height of silicate dust and that of pebbles, we wish to understand disk conditions for which a local runaway pile-up of solids (silicate dust or icy pebbles) occurs inside or outside the snow line.Methods.We performed 1D diffusion-advection simulations that include the back-reaction (the inertia) to radial drift and diffusion of icy pebbles and silicate dust, ice sublimation, the release of silicate dust, and their recycling through the recondensation and sticking onto pebbles outside the snow line. We used a realistic description of the scale height of silicate dust obtained from a companion paper and that of pebbles including the effects of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. We study the dependence of solid pile-up on distinct effective viscous parameters for turbulent diffusions in the radial and vertical directions (αDrandαDz) and for the gas accretion to the star (αacc) as well as that on the pebble-to-gas mass flux (Fp/g).Results.Using both analytical and numerical approaches, we derive the sublimation width of drifting icy pebbles which is a critical parameter to characterize the pile-up of silicate dust and pebbles around the snow line. We identify a parameter space (in theFp/g−αacc−αDz(=αDr) space) where pebbles no longer drift inward to reach the snow line due to the back-reaction that slows down the radial velocity of pebbles (we call this the “no-drift” region). We show that the pile-up of solids around the snow line occurs in a broader range of parameters forαacc= 10−3than forαacc= 10−2. Above a criticalFp/gvalue, the runaway pile-up of silicate dust inside the snow line is favored forαDr∕αacc≪ 1, while that of pebbles outside the snow line is favored forαDr∕αacc~ 1. Our results imply that a distinct evolutionary path in theαacc−αDr−αDz−Fp/gspace could produce a diversity of outcomes in terms of planetesimal formation around the snow line.
Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome: Phenotypic Variability Associated with Variants in Two Different Domains of GLI3
Authors: Khan Hammal , Ahmed Sohail , Nawaz Sadia , Ahmad Wasim , Rafiq Muhammad Arshad ,   Abdullah
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground GLI3 is a transcriptional regulator of several genes involved in mammalian skeletal development. Mutations in the pleiotropic gene GLI3 may result in different inherited disorders including Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS). GCPS is characterized by mild to severe craniofacial and limb malformations.Methods and Results Here, we report clinical and molecular study of 3 families with GCPS originated in different regions of Pakistan. Sanger sequencing revealed two novel variants including a frameshift [c. 3790_3791InsC, p.(Gly1236Argfs*11)] and a missense [c.1692A>G, p.(His536Arg)], and one previously reported variant [c.1965_1966delAT, p.(His627Glufs*48)] located in 2 different domains of the GLI3.Conclusion This study not only expanded spectrum of the mutations in the GLI3 but also highlighted phenotypic variability in the GCPS patients. This will facilitate diagnosis and genetic counseling of families with same and related disorders in the Pakistani population.
Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Previous Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cao Ye-Xuan , Zhang Hui-Wen , Jin Jing-Lu , Liu Hui-Hui , Zhang Yan , Zhang Meng , Gao Ying , Guo Yuan-Lin , Wu Na-Qiong , Zhu Cheng-Gang , Dong Qian , Sun Jing , Wang Le-Feng , Gao Run-Lin , Li Jian-Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has been documented to be associated with atherothrombotic diseases. However, the prognostic impact of Lp(a) on long-term clinical outcomes among patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) remains unclear. In this prospective cohort study, we consecutively enrolled 3,864 post-MI patients to assess the cardiovascular events (CVEs), including MI, ischemic stroke, and cardiac mortality. Lp(a) levels were determined using an immunoturbidimetry assay and the participants were categorized according to Lp(a) quartiles. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During a median follow-up of 4.1 years, 331 (8.6%) CVEs were identified. Lp(a) was significantly higher in patients with CVEs (25.17 [11.13–47.83] vs. 18.18 [7.90–40.30] mg/dL, p = 0.001). The cumulative rates of CVEs and cardiac mortality were significantly higher in patients with high Lp(a) levels (both log-rank p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a significant correlation between Lp (a) levels treated as a natural logarithm-transformed continuous variable and increased CVEs (adjusted HR:1.22, 95% CI:1.09–1.35, p = 0.001) or cardiac mortality (HR:1.30, 95% CI:1.14–1.48, p < 0.001). The addition of Lp(a) to a prognostic model revealed a significant improvement in C-statistic, net reclassification, and integrated discrimination. In conclusion, elevated levels of Lp(a) were indeed associated with long-term worse outcomes in patients with prior MI, suggesting a novel hint that the measurement of Lp(a) might help in risk stratification and future management in those high-risk individuals.
Estudo anatômico dos ramos motores do nervo radial no antebraço
Authors: Caetano Edie Benedito , Vieira Luiz Angelo , Sabongi Neto João José , Caetano Maurício Benedito Ferreira , Picin Celis Piovesan , Silva Júnior Luiz Claudio Nascimento da 
Published: December 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Analisar as variações anatômicas dos ramos motores do nervo radial na região do cotovelo. Foram avaliadas a origem, curso, comprimento, ramificações, pontos motores e relações com estruturas vizinhas.
Materiais e Métodos Foram dissecados 30 membros de 15 cadáveres adultos, preparados por injeção intra-arterial de uma solução de glicerina e formol a 10%.
Resultados O primeiro ramo do nervo radial no antebraço foi para o músculo braquiorradial (BR), que se origina proximalmente à divisão do nervo radial em ramo superficial do nervo radial (RSNR) e nervo interósseo posterior (NIP) em todos os membros. Os ramos para o músculo extensor radial longo do carpo (ERLC) se desprenderam do nervo radial proximalmente à sua divisão em 26 membros, em 2, nos pontos de divisão, em outros 2, do NIP. Em seis, os ramos para os músculos BR e ERLC originavam-se de um tronco comum. Identificamos a origem do ramo para o músculo extensor radial curto do carpo (ERCC) no NIP em 14 membros, no RSNR em 12, e no nervo radial em apenas 4. O ramo para o músculo supinador originou-se do NIP em todos os membros.
Conclusão O conhecimento da anatomia dos ramos motores do nervo radial é importante quando se realizam procedimentos cirúrgicos na região, como a abordagem do terço proximal e da cabeça do rádio, a liberação das síndromes compressivas do nervo interósseo posterior e do túnel radial, as transferências nervosas distais, e para entender a ordem de recuperação da função muscular após uma lesão nervosa.
Fratura em sinostose rádio-umeral: Descrição de dois casos clínicos
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf de , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Aita Márcio Aurelio , Delgado Serrano Pedro José 
Published: December 2020

ResumoSinostose é um termo genérico utilizado para indicar a união de dois ossos originalmente separados. No cotovelo, a sinostose rádio-umeral ou longitudinal causa importante incapacidade, que varia a depender da função da mão, da posição do cotovelo, da mobilidade das articulações adjacentes e da função do membro contralateral. Estima-se que um pouco mais de 150 pacientes foram descritos até hoje com essa deformidade, sendo mais frequente em portadores de deficiência de formação ulnar ou podendo fazer parte de síndromes como de Antley-Bixler e de Hermann. Devido à rigidez causada pela ausência da articulação do cotovelo, que resulta na formação de um osso mais longo com a fusão do úmero no rádio, presume-se que fratura nessa topografia não seja incomum. No entanto, pela raridade dessa patologia, tal lesão apresenta apenas duas descrições prévias na literatura. Relatamos os casos de dois pacientes com fratura do osso único formado pela sinostose entre o úmero e o rádio portadores de falha de formação ulnar do tipo IV de Bayne. Ambos os pacientes foram tratados de forma cirúrgica e evoluíram bem. Salientamos a necessidade do tratamento adequado para não comprometer as atividades da vida de um paciente já adaptado à deformidade, evitando piorar a função de um membro já alterado.
Avaliação da reprodutibilidade das classificações Lauge-Hansen, Danis-Weber e AO para fraturas do tornozelo
Authors: Ramos Lucas Sacramento , Gonçalves Henrique Mansur , Freitas Anderson , Oliveira Marcio de Paiva , Lima Diogo Marcelino Santos , Carmargo Welvis Soares 
Published: December 2020

ResumoObjetivo Avaliar a reprodutibilidade intra- e interobservador das classificações de Lauge-Hansen, Danis-Weber e Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) para as fraturas de tornozelo, e a influência do estágio de formação dos participantes na avaliação.Métodos Foram selecionadas radiografias de 30 pacientes com fratura de tornozelo nas incidências anteroposterior (AP), perfil e AP verdadeiro. Todas as imagens foram avaliadas por 11 participantes em diferentes estágios de formação profissional (cinco residentes e seis cirurgiões ortopédicos), em dois momentos distintos. Analisou-se a concordância inter- e intraobservador por meio do coeficiente Kappa ponderado. O teste t de Student para amostras pareadas foi aplicado para verificar se havia diferença significativa no grau de concordância interobservador entre os instrumentos.Resultado Observou-se que existe concordância significativa em todas as classificações quando da análise intraobservador isolada. Existe concordância interobservador altamente significativa de grau moderado a ótimo na classificação de Danis-Weber (p ≤ 0,0001). A classificação de Danis-Weber apresentou, em média, grau de concordância significativamente maior que as outras classificações (p ≤ 0,0001).Conclusão A classificação de Danis-Weber se mostrou a mais reprodutiva entre os instrumentos avaliados, e a pouca experiência do avaliador não influencia negativamente a reprodutibilidade das classificações das fraturas do tornozelo. Nível de Evidência II, Estudos Diagnósticos - Investigação de um Exame para Diagnóstico.
Rare Clinical Onset of Nontraumatic Intracavernous Aneurysm of the Internal Carotid Artery: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Emanuelli Enzo , Baldovin Maria , Zanotti Claudia , Munari Sara , Denaro Luca , Saratziotis Athanasios 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile the so-called pseudoaneurysms can result from arterial injury during trans-sphenoidal surgery or after a trauma, spontaneous aneurysms of cavernous–internal carotid artery (CICA) are rare. Symptoms vary and the differential diagnosis with other, more frequent, sellar lesions is difficult. We describe three cases of misdiagnosed CICA spontaneous aneurysm. In two cases the onset was with neuro-ophthalmological manifestations, classifiable as “cavernous sinus syndrome.” The emergency computed tomography scan did not show CICA aneurysm and the diagnosis was made by surgical exploration. The third patient came to our attention with a sudden severe unilateral epistaxis; endonasal surgery revealed also in this case a CICA aneurysm, eroding the wall and protruding into the sphenoidal sinus. When the onset was with a cavernous sinus syndrome, misdiagnosis exposed two patients to potential serious risk of bleeding, while the patient with epistaxis was treated with embolization, using coils and two balloons. Intracavernous nontraumatic aneurysms are both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, because of their heterogeneous onset and risk of rupture, potentially lethal. Intracavernous aneurysms can be managed with radiological follow-up, if asymptomatic or clinically stable, or can be surgically treated with endovascular or microsurgical techniques.
Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Free Flap Desyndactylization Techniques in Hand and Digit Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gehring Michael B. , Iorio Matthew L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective Injuries of the hand often require free flap reconstruction. To minimize flap loss, evidence exists to surgically syndactylize digits when repairing multiple injuries, with delayed flap division, or desyndactylization. However, evidence suggests that division of the flap at the time of inset can be accomplished with minimal negative effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes, following hand reconstruction with free flaps utilizing either acute or staged desyndactylization techniques.Methods A systematic review utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was performed. Articles that described the use of a free flap for surgically syndactylized digits or multilobed flaps for coverage of multiple digits were included.Results One hundred sixty-one articles were reviewed with 34 fulfilling inclusion criteria. One hundred seventeen patients underwent 145 free flap reconstructions. Traumatic avulsions (49%) were the most common injuries, followed by burns (11%). Twenty-one (62%) papers described surgical syndactylization of digits, which were later desyndactylized and five (15%) papers included reconstruction of more than one digit with multilobed free flaps. Eight papers (24%) described both techniques. Overall, 100% of included flaps survived. Total complication rate was 6%, with six complications (67%) occurring in flaps with primary syndactylization.Conclusion Hand defects often require free flaps for reconstruction. Although free flaps for the reconstruction of digital defects is technically demanding, they result in better outcomes. With available evidence indicating complications rates less than those of staged desyndactylization, multidigit reconstruction with multilobed free flaps may be a more desirable technique.
Majority of Most-Cited Articles in Top Plastic Surgery Journals Do Not Receive Funding
Authors: Asserson Derek B , Janis Jeffrey E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Plastic surgery faculty, residencies, and institutions are frequently judged on the quantity and quality of their research output. Some of the most impressive individuals in the specialty receive financial support in the form of grants and payments to help with research ideas.

Objectives
The authors sought to discern if funding directly correlates to greater impact in the top plastic surgery journals as measured by citations.

Methods
Using the Web of Science database, the authors identified the 50 most-cited articles in each of the top plastic surgery journals from January 1975 to August 2020. The articles were scanned for funding sources and categorized as industry, federal, foundational, and institutional, while stratifying by decade.

Results
Between 16 journals, 13.3% of the most-cited articles received funding, 2.6% of which came from industry, 5.4% from government, 4.4% from foundations, and 0.86% from institutions. The percentage of most-cited articles and the proportion that received funding were both correlated with decade (P = 0.0017 and P = 0.043, respectively). However, only the percentage of articles was found to significantly increase over time (P = 0.0068).

Conclusions
Although funding leads to meaningful publications, this study showed that financial support is not required to have an influence in plastic surgery research.