bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term follow‐up of an amblyopia treatment study: change in visual acuity 15 years after occlusion therapy
Authors: Kadhum Aveen , Simonsz‐Tóth Brigitte , van Rosmalen Joost , Pijnenburg Sanne J. M. , Janszen Bronte M. , Simonsz Huibert J. , Loudon Sjoukje E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine change in visual acuity (VA) in the population of a previous amblyopia treatment study (Loudon 2006) and assess risk factors for VA decrease.MethodsSubjects treated between 2001 and 2003 were contacted between December 2015 and July 2017. Orthoptic examination was conducted under controlled circumstances and included subjective refraction, best corrected VA, reading acuity, binocular vision, retinal fixation, cover‐uncover and alternating cover test. As a measure for degree of amblyopia, InterOcular VA Difference (IOD) at the end of occlusion therapy was compared with IOD at the follow‐up examination using Wilcoxon’s signed‐rank test. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the influence of clinical and socio‐economic factors on changes in IOD.ResultsOut of 303 subjects from the original study, 208 were contacted successfully, 59 refused and 15 were excluded because of non‐amblyopic cause of visual impairment. Mean IOD at end of therapy (mean age 6.4 years) was 0.11 ± 0.16 logMAR, and IOD at follow‐up examination (mean age 18.3 years) was 0.09 ± 0.21 logMAR; this difference was not significant (p = 0.054). Degree of anisometropia (p = 0.008; univariable analysis), increasing anisometropia (p = 0.009; multivariable), eccentric fixation (p < 0.001; univariable and multivariable); large IOD (p < 0.001; univariable and multivariable) and non‐compliance during therapy (p = 0.028; univariable) were associated with IOD increase.ConclusionLong‐term results of occlusion therapy were good. High or increasing anisometropia, eccentric fixation and non‐compliance during occlusion therapy were associated with long‐term VA decrease. Subjects with poor initial VA had a larger increase despite little patching, but often showed long‐term VA decrease.
Editorial: a need for glucose monitoring on prokinetic treatment with a ghrelin agonist in diabetic gastroparesis?
Authors: Hasler William L. 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Camilleri et al and Camilleri papers. To view these articles, visit
https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15711 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15866.
Letter: is unrealised adult height resulting from paediatric Crohn’s disease associated with a potential reduction in lifetime earnings?
Authors: Hron Bridget M. , Cohen Russell D. , Johnson Scott J. , Skup Martha , Chao Jingdong , Kahn Stacy A. 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Mouratidou et al papers. To view these articles, visit
https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15667 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15899.
Editorial: a need for glucose monitoring on prokinetic treatment with a ghrelin agonist in diabetic gastroparesis? Author's reply
Authors: Camilleri Michael 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Camilleri et al and Hasler papers. To view these articles, visit
https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15711 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15792.
Letter: ustekinumab dose intensification for loss of response—should we re‐induce before shortening the dose interval?
Authors: Srinivasan Ashish , De Cruz Peter , van Langenberg Daniel R. 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kopylov et al and Kopylov papers. To view these articles, visit
https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15784 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15892.
Editorial: which factors influence HBsAg levels in HBV‐infected patients? Authors' reply
Authors: Brunetto Maurizia Rossana , Cavallone Daniela 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Cavallone et al and Brunetto and Cavallone papers. To view these articles, visit
https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15753 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15910.
Letter: combination of biologics in inflammatory bowel diseases. Authors' reply
Authors: Yang Edward , Panaccione Nicola , Whitmire Natalie , Dulai Parambir S. , Vande Casteele Niels , Singh Siddharth , Boland Brigid S. , Collins Angelina , Sandborn William J. , Panaccione Remo , Battat Robert 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Yang et al and Fumery et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15719 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15891.
Top predators at war—Ice Age lions versus competing spotted hyenas
Authors: Diedrich Cajus G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the fossil record, 3.097 studied bones including 40 skulls of grown‐up individuals from 81 German, Czech and English and Spanish extant spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta spelaea den sites let to distinguish two main types of pathologies. Ageing pathologies in the form of arthritis are typical for elderly hyenas. Their strong tooth use or losses and canine damages due to intensive bone crushing made them finally defenceless. Bite trauma on the sagittal crests of the crania is the secure proof for battles between top predators: lions and hyenas. A full crest healing resulted in a strong convex‐deformed skull shape. Other complete upper/lower jaw bites made by lions are found at a hyena skeleton shoulder, in which scapulae are partly healed. This hyena died in its den cave finally; as such, it is known for another Ice Age spotted hyena that was found recently as a skeleton in a Spanish cave, but with a non‐healed strong sagittal crest bite trauma. The postcranial bite traumas in the Ice Age spotted hyenas are predominantly on the distal hind legs (tibia/fibula—68% of all traumas). This correlates to African relatives because spotted hyenas attack its guilt and enemies from “behind.”
Children and adolescents coordinate group and moral concerns within different goal contexts when allocating resources
Authors: McGuire Luke , Rutland Adam 
Published: July 2020

Coordinating complex social and moral concerns when allocating resources is a key issue in late childhood and early adolescence. This study explored resource allocation in three goal contexts that required children to focus to differing degrees on moral and group concerns. Children (9–11‐years, Mage = 9.84, n = 190) and adolescents (14–16‐years, Mage = 14.92, n = 154) were informed their school peer group held an in‐group norm (competition, cooperation). Participants allocated resources between their in‐group and an outgroup within one of three goal contexts (prosocial, learning‐focused, and group‐focused). Participants allocated in favour of their in‐group to achieve a prosocial goal but attenuated this when the goal was focused on learning and cooperation. Adolescents, more than children, reasoned about the goals of resource allocation to justify their decisions. From 9 years old, children begin to coordinate peer group norms and goal information when deciding how to allocate resources within intergroup contexts.
Ant‐induced evolutionary patterns in aphids
Authors: Depa Łukasz , Kaszyca‐Taszakowska Natalia , Taszakowski Artur , Kanturski Mariusz 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThis review investigates ant–aphid mutualism (trophobiosis), in particular focusing on evolutionary processes in aphids resulting from this interaction. This broad literature review allows us to revise existing views on certain aspects of this mutualism and provide the first timeline of its possible development over a geological timescale. We propose a new classification of ant–aphid mutualism with respect to its ecological characteristics and present new explanations of the development of certain morphological structures of aphids as resulting from adaptation to a trophobiotic relationship with ants. In light of these findings, the presence of the so‐called ‘trophobiotic organ’ in all myrmecophilous aphids is questioned. We review various communication modes between aphids and mutualistic ants and the possible influence of this symbiosis on modifications of aphid life cycles. Recent evidence on the suspected role of endosymbiotic bacteria in the development of mutualism is discussed. Finally, we propose a first timeline of ant–aphid interactions leading to the development of particular adaptations of aphids to mutualism, from general interactions between diverging Aphidomorpha and ants in the late Mesozoic to more specific coevolution between the aphid tribe Fordini and the ant genus Lasius.
SoftSMPL: Data‐driven Modeling of Nonlinear Soft‐tissue Dynamics for Parametric Humans
Authors: Santesteban Igor , Garces Elena , Otaduy Miguel A. , Casas Dan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present SoftSMPL, a learning‐based method to model realistic soft‐tissue dynamics as a function of body shape and motion. Datasets to learn such task are scarce and expensive to generate, which makes training models prone to overfitting. At the core of our method there are three key contributions that enable us to model highly realistic dynamics and better generalization capabilities than state‐of‐the‐art methods, while training on the same data. First, a novel motion descriptor that disentangles the standard pose representation by removing subject‐specific features; second, a neural‐network‐based recurrent regressor that generalizes to unseen shapes and motions; and third, a highly efficient nonlinear deformation subspace capable of representing soft‐tissue deformations of arbitrary shapes. We demonstrate qualitative and quantitative improvements over existing methods and, additionally, we show the robustness of our method on a variety of motion capture databases.
Modeling and Estimation of Nonlinear Skin Mechanics for Animated Avatars
Authors: Romero Cristian , Otaduy Miguel A. , Casas Dan , Perez Jesus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractData‐driven models of human avatars have shown very accurate representations of static poses with soft‐tissue deformations. However they are not yet capable of precisely representing very nonlinear deformations and highly dynamic effects. Nonlinear skin mechanics are essential for a realistic depiction of animated avatars interacting with the environment, but controlling physics‐only solutions often results in a very complex parameterization task. In this work, we propose a hybrid model in which the soft‐tissue deformation of animated avatars is built as a combination of a data‐driven statistical model, which kinematically drives the animation, an FEM mechanical simulation. Our key contribution is the definition of deformation mechanics in a reference pose space by inverse skinning of the statistical model. This way, we retain as much as possible of the accurate static data‐driven deformation and use a custom anisotropic nonlinear material to accurately represent skin dynamics. Model parameters including the heterogeneous distribution of skin thickness and material properties are automatically optimized from 4D captures of humans showing soft‐tissue deformations.
Greedy Cut Construction for Parameterizations
Authors: Zhu Tianyu , Ye Chunyang , Chai Shuangming , Fu Xiao‐Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a novel method to construct short cuts for parameterizations with low isometric distortion. The algorithm contains two steps: (i) detect feature points, where the distortion is usually concentrated; and (ii) construct a cut by connecting the detected feature points. Central to each step is a greedy method. After generating a redundant feature point set, a greedy filtering process is performed to identify the feature points required for low isometric distortion parameterizations. This filtering process discards the feature points that are useless for distortion reduction while still enabling us to obtain low isometric distortion. Next, we formulate the process of connecting the detected feature points as a Steiner tree problem. To find an approximate solution, we first successively and greedily produce a collection of auxiliary points. Then, a cut is constructed by connecting the feature points and auxiliary points. In the 26,299 test cases in which an exact solution to the Steiner tree problem is available, the length of the cut obtained by our method is on average 0.17% longer than optimal. Compared to state‐of‐the‐art cut construction methods, our method is one order of magnitude faster and generates shorter cuts while achieving similar isometric distortion.
Spectral Mesh Simplification
Authors: Lescoat Thibault , Liu Hsueh‐Ti Derek , Thiery Jean‐Marc , Jacobson Alec , Boubekeur Tamy , Ovsjanikov Maks 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe spectrum of the Laplace‐Beltrami operator is instrumental for a number of geometric modeling applications, from processing to analysis. Recently, multiple methods were developed to retrieve an approximation of a shape that preserves its eigenvectors as much as possible, but these techniques output a subset of input points with no connectivity, which limits their potential applications. Furthermore, the obtained Laplacian results from an optimization procedure, implying its storage alongside the selected points. Focusing on keeping a mesh instead of an operator would allow to retrieve the latter using the standard cotangent formulation, enabling easier processing afterwards. Instead, we propose to simplify the input mesh using a spectrum‐preserving mesh decimation scheme, so that the Laplacian computed on the simplified mesh is spectrally close to the one of the input mesh. We illustrate the benefit of our approach for quickly approximating spectral distances and functional maps on low resolution proxies of potentially high resolution input meshes.
Optimizing Object Decomposition to Reduce Visual Artifacts in 3D Printing
Authors: Filoscia I. , Alderighi T. , Giorgi D. , Malomo L. , Callieri M. , Cignoni P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose a method for the automatic segmentation of 3D objects into parts which can be individually 3D printed and then reassembled by preserving the visual quality of the final object. Our technique focuses on minimizing the surface affected by supports, decomposing the object into multiple parts whose printing orientation is automatically chosen. The segmentation reduces the visual impact on the fabricated model producing non‐planar cuts that adapt to the object shape. This is performed by solving an optimization problem that balances the effects of supports and cuts, while trying to place both in occluded regions of the object surface. To assess the practical impact of the solution, we show a number of segmented, 3D printed and reassembled objects.
Prefilters for Sharp Image Display
Authors: Rocha Luís Cláudio Gouveia , Oliveira Manuel M. , Gastal Eduardo S. L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper we use a simplified model of the human visual system to explain why humans tend do prefer “sharpened” digital images. From this model we then derive a family of image prefilters specifically adapted to viewing conditions and user preference, allowing for the trade‐off between ringing and aliasing while maximizing image sharpness. We discuss how our filters can be applied in a variety of situations ranging from Monte Carlo rendering to image downscaling, and we show how they consistently give sharper results while having an efficient implementation and ease of use (there are no free parameters that require manual tuning). We demonstrate the effectiveness of our simple sharp prefilters through a user study that indicates a clear preference to our approach compared to the state‐of‐the‐art.
Robust Shape Collection Matching and Correspondence from Shape Differences
Authors: Cohen Aharon , Ben‐Chen Mirela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose a method to automatically match two shape collections with a similar shape space structure, e.g. two characters in similar poses, and compute the inter‐maps between the collections. Given the intra‐maps in each collection, we extract the corresponding shape difference operators, and use them to construct an embedding of the shape space of each collection. We then align the two shape spaces, and use the knowledge gained from the alignment to compute the inter‐maps. Unlike existing approaches for collection alignment, our method is applicable to small and large collections alike, and requires no parameter tuning. Furthermore, unlike most approaches for non‐isometric correspondence, our method uses solely the variation within the collection to extract the inter‐maps, and therefore does not require landmarks, descriptors or any additional input. We demonstrate that we achieve high matching accuracy rates, and compute high quality maps on non‐isometric shapes, which compare favorably with automatic state‐of‐the‐art methods for non‐isometric shape correspondence.
Learning Generative Models of 3D Structures
Authors: Chaudhuri Siddhartha , Ritchie Daniel , Wu Jiajun , Xu Kai , Zhang Hao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract3D models of objects and scenes are critical to many academic disciplines and industrial applications. Of particular interest is the emerging opportunity for 3D graphics to serve artificial intelligence: computer vision systems can benefit from synthetically‐generated training data rendered from virtual 3D scenes, and robots can be trained to navigate in and interact with real‐world environments by first acquiring skills in simulated ones. One of the most promising ways to achieve this is by learning and applyinggenerative modelsof 3D content: computer programs that can synthesize new 3D shapes and scenes. To allow users to edit and manipulate the synthesized 3D content to achieve their goals, the generative model should also bestructure‐aware: it should express 3D shapes and scenes using abstractions that allow manipulation of their high‐level structure. This state‐of‐the‐art report surveys historical work and recent progress on learning structure‐aware generative models of 3D shapes and scenes. We present fundamental representations of 3D shape and scene geometry and structures, describe prominent methodologies including probabilistic models, deep generative models, program synthesis, and neural networks for structured data, and cover many recent methods for structure‐aware synthesis of 3D shapes and indoor scenes.
Survey of Models for Acquiring the Optical Properties of Translucent Materials
Authors: Frisvad J. R. , Jensen S. A. , Madsen J. S. , Correia A. , Yang L. , Gregersen S. K. S. , Meuret Y. , Hansen P.‐E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe outset of realistic rendering is a desire to reproduce the appearance of the real world. Rendering techniques therefore operate at a scale corresponding to the size of objects that we observe with our naked eyes. At the same time, rendering techniques must be able to deal with objects of nearly arbitrary shapes and materials. These requirements lead to techniques that oftentimes leave the task of setting the optical properties of the materials to the user. Matching the appearance of real objects by manual adjustment of optical properties is however nearly impossible. We can render objects with a plausible appearance in this way but cannot compare the appearance of a manufactured item to that of its digital twin. This is especially true in the case of translucent objects, where we need more than a goniometric measurement of the optical properties. In this survey, we provide an overview of forward and inverse models for acquiring the optical properties of translucent materials. We map out the efforts in graphics research in this area and describe techniques available in related fields. Our objective is to provide a better understanding of the tools currently available for appearance specification when it comes to digital representations of real translucent objects.
North American birds require mitigation and adaptation to reduce vulnerability to climate change
Authors: Bateman Brooke L. , Wilsey Chad , Taylor Lotem , Wu Joanna , LeBaron Geoffrey S. , Langham Gary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn an emerging climate crisis, effective conservation requires both adaptation and mitigation to improve the resilience of species. The currently pledged emissions reductions outlined in the Paris Agreement framework would still lead to a +3.2°C increase in global mean temperature by the end of this century. In this context, we assess the vulnerability of 604 North American bird species and identify the species and locations most at risk under climate change. We do this based on species distribution models for both the breeding and nonbreeding seasons, projected under two global warming scenarios (an optimistic mitigation scenario 1.5°C and an unmitigated 3.0°C scenario). We evaluate vulnerability under each season and scenario by assessing sensitivity and adaptive capacity based on modeled range loss and range gain, respectively, and based on species specific dispersal abilities. Our study, the first of its magnitude, finds that over two‐thirds of North American birds are moderately or highly vulnerable to climate change under a 3.0°C scenario. Of these climate‐vulnerable species, 76% would have reduced vulnerability and 38% of those would be considered nonvulnerable if warming were stabilized at 1.5°C. Thus, the current pledge in greenhouse gas reductions set by the Paris Agreement is inadequate to reduce vulnerability to North American birds. Additionally, if climate change proceeds on its current trajectory, arctic birds, waterbirds, and boreal and western forest birds will be highly vulnerable to climate change, groups that are currently not considered of high conservation concern. There is an urgent need for both (a) policies to mitigate emissions and (b) prioritization to identify where to focus adaptation actions to protect birds in a changing climate.
Reducing loneliness among people with substance use disorders: Feasibility of ‘Groups for Belonging’
Authors: Ingram Isabella , Kelly Peter J. , Haslam Catherine , O'Neil Owen J. , Deane Frank P. , Baker Amanda L. , Dingle Genevieve A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsAlthough loneliness is common among people with substance use disorders, few interventions to reduce loneliness have been developed for this population. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of delivering a six‐session group‐based intervention, ‘Groups for Belonging’, that builds social group connectedness.Design and MethodsParticipants were 41 individuals accessing residential substance use treatment services. The primary aims of the present study were to determine indicators of feasibility of Groups for Belonging; namely, demand (recruitment, attendance and retention) for and acceptability (program adherence and participant satisfaction) of the Groups for Belonging program in residential substance use treatment settings.ResultsOver half of the people attending the services were interested in participating in Groups for Belonging. Of 41 participants who commenced the program, 20 participants completed the program per protocol. In terms of acceptability, the average number of sessions attended was 3.7 (SD = 1.76, range 1–6). Program adherence was 99.3% and overall satisfaction with the program was high, with 95% of participants reporting they enjoyed Groups for Belonging.Discussion and ConclusionsThe Groups for Belonging program may be feasible for delivery in residential substance use treatment services. Findings from this study suggest that an adequately powered replication study is warranted.