bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Baggage They Carry: Study Abroad and the Construction of “Europe” in the American Mind
Authors: Woolf Michael 
Published: June 2020

The object of this discussion is to explore some of the ways in which Europe has been created and recreated in the American mind and to relate those constructs to the limitations, opportunities and dynamics that may be explored in education abroad. Those constructs represent in part the baggage that students bring with them. In what follows, the structure will recreate the experience of students coming to Europe. The essay explores the baggage they carry; engagement with the European environment and, finally, the process of return. In that structure, which mirrors the experience of the study abroad student, a partial but suggestive set of perspectives emerge that go further than defending the traditional and, instead, present a cogent set of rich realities that collectively create the case for Europe.
Introduction
Authors: Whalen Brian 
Published: June 2020

This is the final hard copy volume of Frontiers and therefore marks a milestone. Future volumes will appear exclusively online, although we will consider publishing special issues in hard copy. This means that hard copy subscriptions will no longer be available; however, Frontiers will be available free of charge on our web site, along with all of the back issues.
The editorial board made the decision to move exclusively online for a few reasons. First and foremost, the board wanted to maintain the affordability of the journal. Few academic journals are as reasonably priced and as accessible as is Frontiers. However, the rising cost of printing and distributing Frontiers has increased the overall cost of producing the journal. We were faced with the need either to increase the price substantially or to rethink our publishing model and keep the journal affordable. Moving to an online journal seems to be the right solution.
Second, we will publish accepted articles in a more timely manner by uploading them onto the web site as individual articles are approved and edited on an ongoing basis. This will benefit the authors who have their articles accepted for publication by shortening the time from acceptance to publication. Readers will also benefit by being able to read articles as soon as they are accepted and published without having to wait for the full volume to be produced.
Third, we believe that ceasing production of a hard copy volume is the more environmentally responsible thing to do. Readers can read the journal online, and/or choose to print out any selected text they would like, thus saving paper from being wasted. In addition, we will save energy by not shipping the journal.
The editorial board has discussed and renewed its strong commitment to maintaining the high-quality content of Frontiers. We will continue to utilize a double-blind review process to judge and select articles and keep as our principal goal the publication of high-quality research and writing on important study abroad topics and issues. Readers should be assured that Frontiers will continue to aspire to be the most important publication serving the study abroad field.
As the journal transitions to an online publication, I want to thank my editorial board colleagues for their ongoing collaboration; our institutional sponsors for their outstanding commitment and support; Dickinson College for continuing to provide Frontiers with its home; the many colleagues who serve as manuscript reviewers; the authors whose work appears in the journal; and the readers who continue to benefit from what they read on the pages of Frontiers, whether they be paper or electronic.
Brian J. Whalen, editor
From Study Abroad to Global Studies: Reconstructing International Education for a Globalized World
Authors: Long Theodore E. 
Published: June 2020

Study abroad has become a substantial enterprise as educators embraced the idea that learning about other cultures is a critical component of becoming an educated person, succeeding at work, and serving as an effective citizen (Bok, 2006). Many students report that study abroad has been a transformative life experience and studies now show that study abroad is positively related to student persistence and success, and liberal educators purport that it is an essential element of learning for personal and social responsibility (Association of American Colleges & Universities.). In some important ways, though, the educational value of study abroad today does not seem to be dramatically different than what I got from my first college trips. Beyond my own experience, scholarly assessments have concluded that the empirical evidence for the effects of study abroad is weak (Pascarella and Terenzini). In this article, I attempt to understand this apparent lack of real progress and impact in study abroad and how we can transcend its limitations. I will address these issues from a broad perspective, focusing on defining structures and central tendencies, not specific activities or programs.
Analisis Minat Mahasiswa Memasuki Program Studi Teknik Dengan Menggunakan Metode K-Means Clustering Di Politeknik Harapan Bersama
Authors: Sungkar Muchamad Sobri 
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis minat mahasiswa masuk program studi teknik di Politeknik Harapan Bersama (Harber) Tegal. Metode yang digunakan adalah K-means clustering dengan studi literatur dan perancangan terlebih dahulu, mulai dari konsep, pencarian data hingga penginputan dan proses data yang sudah masuk. Sehingga hasil yang diperoleh yaitu dari tahun 2015 sampai dengan 2019 ini minat mahasiswa masuk program studi teknik beragam.

Kata kunci: minat, program studi, K-means clustering
PELATIHAN MENYUSUN PROPOSAL PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS (PTK) BAGI GURU DI SMA NEGERI 1 GELUMBANG
Authors: Deskoni Deskoni , AR Rusmin , Barlian Ikbal , Firmansyah Firmansyah 
Published: June 2020

Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 1 Gelumbang, dengan khalayak sasaran yang berjumlah 30 orang guru dengan mata pelajaran yang berbeda. Model pengabdian yang digunakan adalah model pendampingan dengan metode pendampingan teknis dalam pembuatan proposal penelitian tindakan kelas untuk mata pelajaran yang berbeda yang dilakukan dengan cara sosialisasi mengenai hakikat penelitian tindakan kelas sampai pada teknis penyusunan proposal yang dilakukan selama dua hari. Tujuan pengabdian adalah menghasilkan produk berupa proposal penelitian tindakan kelas. Evaluasi kegiatan dilakukan dengan tes dan penilaian produk. Hasil tes pengetahuan awal mengenai hakikat penelitian tindakan kelas yaitu rata-rata 7,04, meningkat menjadi rata-rata 8,96 pada tes pengetahuan akhir. Peningkatan hasil tes sebesar 0,43 dengan kategori sedang. Penilaian produk yang dibuat oleh khalayak sasaran menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dibuat termasuk dalam kategori baik dengan nilai sebesar 77,42%. Dengan kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan ke depannya dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi para guru berupa pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam membuat proposal penelitian tindakan kelas.
The official soundtrack to “Five shades of grey”: Generalization in multimodal distractor-based retrieval
Authors: Schöpper Lars-Michael , Singh Tarini , Frings Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhen responding to two events in a sequence, the repetition or change of stimuli and the accompanying response can benefit or interfere with response execution: Full repetition leads to benefits in performance while partial repetition leads to costs. Additionally, even distractor stimuli can be integrated with a response, and can, upon repetition, lead to benefits or interference. Recently it has been suggested that not only identical, but also perceptually similar distractors retrieve a previous response (Singh et al., Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 78(8), 2307-2312, 2016): Participants discriminated four visual shapes appearing in five different shades of grey, the latter being irrelevant for task execution. Exact distractor repetitions yielded the strongest distractor-based retrieval effect, which decreased with increasing dissimilarity between shades of grey. In the current study, we expand these findings by conceptually replicating Singh et al. (2016) using multimodal stimuli. In Experiment 1 (N=31), participants discriminated four visual targets accompanied by five auditory distractors. In Experiment 2 (N=32), participants discriminated four auditory targets accompanied by five visual distractors. We replicated the generalization of distractor-based retrieval – that is, the distractor-based retrieval effect decreased with increasing distractor-dissimilarity. These results not only show that generalization in distractor-based retrieval occurs in multimodal feature processing, but also that these processes can occur for distractors perceived in a different modality to that of the target.
Quality management in educational organizations
Authors: Anttila Juhani , Jussila Kari 
Published: June 2020

Quality education is the main driver for the lifelong learning of people and the development of the organizations and society. Accordingly, also UNESCO's global vision for education towards 2030 is endeavoring to "˜ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all'.
From the quality point of view, the existing situation is however very fragmented. A great variety of organizations provide formal and non-formal education for lifelong learning to people having very different needs and expectations, and the education providers and experts are not very aware of the general professional quality concepts and practices.
Very recently the international standardization committee ISO/PC 288 has started the work of harmonizing quality management in the educational organizations with the other organizations of the society by using the common professional approach. This new standardization will challenge all educational organizations, because it requires the adoption of the general basic quality concepts and quality management structures and practices. This will enable educational organizations to demonstrate their ability to provide consistently education to the requirements and strive for enhancing satisfaction of the involved parties.
O PAPEL DA ESCOLA INCLUSIVA COMO MEDIADORA ENTRE O ALUNO E O SABER
Authors: Schmitd O'Connell Marta 
Published: June 2020

É preciso considerar a escola, em todos os seus níveis de ensino, como um lugar onde cabem formas diferentes de compreender o undo, onde conhecer é aprender a vida e seus infinitos aspectos, onde cada professor deve construir conhecimentos teóricos que he permitam uma visão não fragmentada do ato de educar. A prática da inclusão de alunos com necessidades educativas especiais m todos os níveis de ensino é hoje uma política educacional garantida pela legislação, tanto para a rede pública quanto privada em osso país, apesar de serem, ainda, poucas as experiências bem sucedidas que foram cientificamente estudadas e divulgadas, erando uma demanda para a realização de pesquisas sobre o tema. Partindo desse pressuposto, o presente trabalho propõe nvestigar, através de um estudo bibliográfico, como a inclusão educacional vem ocorrendo no cotidiano das Instituições de Ensino esde a Educação Infantil até ao Ensino Superior de nosso país, visando identificar os benefícios e as dificuldades referentes à mplementação desta proposta educacional para a comunidade escolar como um todo.
Is Betelgeuse the Outcome of a Past Merger?
Authors: Chatzopoulos E. , Frank Juhan , Marcello Dominic C. , Clayton Geoffrey C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We explore the possibility that the star α Orionis (Betelgeuse) is the outcome of a merger that occurred in a low-mass-ratio (

0.07–0.25) binary system some time in the past hundreds of thousands of years. To that goal, we present a simple analytical model to approximate the perturbed internal structure of a post-merger object following the coalescence of a secondary in the mass range 1–4 M
⊙ into the envelope of a 15–17 M
⊙ primary. We then compute the long-term evolution of post-merger objects for a grid of initial conditions and make predictions about their surface properties for evolutionary stages that are consistent with the observed location of Betelgeuse in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. We find that if a merger occurred after the end of the primary’s main-sequence phase, while it was expanding toward becoming a red supergiant star and typically with radius ∼200–300 R
⊙, then its envelope is spun up to values that remain in a range consistent with Betelgeuse observations for thousands of years of evolution. We argue that the best scenario that can explain both the fast rotation of Betelgeuse and its observed large space velocity is one where a binary was dynamically ejected by its parent cluster a few million years ago and then subsequently merged. An alternative scenario in which the progenitor of Betelgeuse was spun up by accretion in a binary and released by the supernova explosion of the companion requires a finely tuned set of conditions but cannot be ruled out.
« Ce n’est plus, semble-t-il, le rôle […] de notre littérature de détruire le monde »
Authors: Daros Philippe 
Published: June 2020

L’une des tendances de la littérature, aujourd’hui et depuis une trentaine d’années, consiste à refuser la fiction en sa qualité de variation imaginative. Cette tendance peut être lue comme un dispositif d’autocensure symptomatique d’une absence de conceptualisation et, donc, de mise en forme discursive, de toute image alternative du monde comme monde conçu par opposition au monde « tel qu’il est ».
Censure, autocensure et stratégies de détournement : le cas de Rachid Boudjedra
Authors: Zlitni Fitouri Sonia 
Published: June 2020

Dans un contexte politique où le régime est totalitaire et répressif ou encore quand une société est régie par trois tabous : la politique, la religion et la sexualité, les écrivains entretiennent souvent un rapport réflexif à la censure. C’est le cas, par exemple, de l’écrivain algérien Rachid Boudjedra qui a des rapports ambivalents avec la censure, tantôt la contournant, tantôt la revendiquant dans un badinage incessant avec le Pouvoir ! Il s’agit de réfléchir, dans cette étude, sur les stratégies de détournement déployées par Rachid Boudjedra (non-dits, silences, folie, polyphonie énonciative, ironie, ambigüité ludique) et les modalités de création en situation de contrainte ou d’adversité et de montrer comment l’œuvre littéraire devient sous-tendue à la fois par la censure et la force libératrice qui impose d’écrire afin de détourner la pensée vers le champ de la poétique.
Une « république des sentiments blessés » ? Censure(s), communautés vulnérables et guerres culturelles en Inde
Authors: Zecchini Laetitia 
Published: June 2020

Qu’est-ce que cela signifie, dans le contexte indien, de dire que des mots ou des œuvres blessent ou « font mal » ? Cet article étudie l’enchevêtrement spécifique entre rhétorique de la censure, d’une part, et langage et performance des émotions de l’autre. À travers le cas du peintre M. F. Husain et de la mobilisation du collectif d’artistes Sahmat, il s’agit de comprendre la manière dont la blessure ou la douleur sont utilisées et distribuées dans le champ des discours et des mobilisations en faveur des pratiques de régulation artistique et culturelle, donc de la censure, mais aussi dans le champ des mobilisations et des discours de résistance à celle-ci.
Les affres de la disparition de la censure
Authors: Esquerre Arnaud 
Published: June 2020

On peut distinguer deux formes de « censure » : une censure institutionnelle, reconnue comme telle par une institution, comme l’État ou une Église, et qui a été pratiquée en France pour le cinéma jusque dans les années 1970 ; une censure accusatoire, qui s’est développée largement à partir de Mai 68 et de la disparition de la censure institutionnelle, et qui a été théorisée notamment par Pierre Bourdieu, Jacques Derrida et Judith Butler. Toutefois, il est resté, en France, une action de « classification » des films au début du xxi e siècle exercée par l’État, qui est difficilement compatible avec les théories d’une censure accusatoire.
Diversité et minorités au prisme de réformes éducatives. Approche comparative de la “Révolution du bon sens” en Ontario (Canada) et des “Écoles de demain” en Nouvelle-Zélande
Authors: Bélanger Nathalie 
Published: June 2020

Dans un aller-retour mariant des points de vue extérieur et intérieur à la suite d’un séjour de recherche prolongé, il s’agit de mettre en parallèle deux espaces qui ont en commun des minorités linguistiques : de langue française en Ontario et de langue maorie en Nouvelle-Zélande (Aotearoa). Les politiques d’orientation néolibérale adoptées dans les années 1980 et 1990 dans les deux cas étudiés (la Révolution du bon sens dans le premier, Écoles de demain dans le second), malgré la rationalisation engendrée, ont ouvert la voie à des discours en faveur de la diversité et de la reconnaissance de groupes autrefois exclus dans l’espoir que les résultats scolaires de tous les élèves allaient s’accroitre. Si ces discours véhiculent un message positif et inclusif, le risque de masquer et d’accentuer les différences socioéconomiques qui ne sont plus prises en compte dans ces discours est discuté. L’importance de retracer l’histoire des luttes et des positionnements dans une approche complexe tenant compte à la fois des enjeux de reconnaissance et des inégalités socioéconomiques est proposée.
« Lost in Le quichotte » : la création ou le chaos
Authors: Ressot Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2020

Au départ ces deux réalisateurs étaient des assistants engagés par le cinéaste américain Terry Gilliam, pour un projet qui devait être une version filmée du Don Quichote de Cervantes. Les principaux acteurs étaient Jean Rochefort, Johnny Depp et Vanessa Paradis. Le tournage avait lieu en Espagne. Mais le projet de Fulton va se heurter à une accumulation de problèmes : les prises de vues en extérieur sont ratées (entre autres), à cause de gros orages, de bruits d’avion et les lieux de tournage en intérieur sont inadéquats. Mais le pire, c’est l’absence des acteurs. Si Johnny Depp est là quelques jours, Rochefort, cloué au lit par une hernie discale, abandonne le plateau. Quant à Vanessa Paradis, on ne la verra pas. C’est alors que Fulton et Pepe ont l’idée géniale d’exploiter le désastre pour en faire un film réussi. Ils utiliseront d’abord des images du tournage, aussi bien les rushes que des images des cinéastes au travail, mais aussi et, surtout, dans le même film ils créeront un dessin animé qui évoque la catastrophe avec un humour et une qualité d’image remarquables.Al inicio, estos dos directores fueron unos asistentes contratados por el director norteamericano Terry Gilliam, para un proyecto que debía ser una versión filmada del Don Quichote de Cervantes. Los actores principales eran Jean Rochefort, Johnny Depp y Vanessa Paradis. El rodaje tuvo lugar en España. Pero el proyecto de Fulton se enfrentó con una serie de problemas: las tomas en exteriores fracasan (entre otras cosas), à causa de unas tormentas y ruidos de avión, al lo cual se añade una inadecuación de los interiores. Pero lo peor es la ausencia de los actores. Si Johnny Depp viene durante unos días, Jean Rochefort, encamado con una hernia discal, abandona el rodaje. En cuanto a Vanessa Paradis, no aparecerá. Entonces es cuando se les ocurre a Fulton y a Pepe la idea genial de transformar el desastre en una película lograda. Primero, sacaron provecho de imágenes del rodaje, tanto rushes como imágenes de los cineastas trabajando. Más, crearon en el mismo filme una secuencia de animación que evoca la catástrofe con un sentido del humor y una calidad de imágenes notables.
Immune Autoregulatory CD8 T Cells Require IFN-γ Responsiveness to Optimally Suppress Central Nervous System Autoimmunity
Authors: Boyden Alexander W. , Brate Ashley A. , Stephens Laura M. , Karandikar Nitin J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Investigating the complex cellular interplay controlling immunopathogenic and immunoregulatory responses is critical for understanding multiple sclerosis (MS) and for developing successful immunotherapies. Our group has demonstrated that CNS myelin-specific CD8 T cells unexpectedly harbor immune regulatory capacity in both mouse and human. In particular, PLP178-191–specific CD8 T cells (PLP-CD8) robustly suppress the MS mouse model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We have recently shown that this depends on PLP-CD8 elaborating IFN-γ and perforin in a coordinated suppression program over time. However, the cellular target and downstream effects of CD8 T cell–derived IFN-γ remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that although wild-type (WT) PLP-CD8 were robustly suppressive in IFN-γR–deficient mice, IFN-γR–deficient PLP-CD8 exhibited suboptimal suppression in WT mice. Compared with WT counterparts, IFN-γR–deficient PLP-CD8 were defective in suppressing disease in IFN-γ–deficient recipients, a scenario in which the only IFN-γ available to WT PLP-CD8 is that which they produce themselves. Further, we found that IFN-γR–deficient PLP-CD8 exhibited altered granzyme/IFN-γ profiles, altered migration in recipients, and deficits in killing capacity in vivo. Collectively, this work suggests that IFN-γ responsiveness allows myelin-specific CD8 T cells to optimally perform autoregulatory function in vivo. These insights may help elucidate future adoptive immunotherapeutic approaches for MS patients.
Anatomical locations of uterine fibroids in Sudanese women
Authors: Abdelmtalab Mohammed A.A. , Tahir O. , Hussein K. , Badawi Kamal 
Published: June 2020

Uterine fibroids are the commonest uterine neoplasms, they are benign tumors of smooth muscle origin. The study was done to look for the anatomical locations of uterine fibroids and their incidence in Sudanese women at Omdurman Maternity Hospital between 1st July 2014 to 5th October 2015. Their sociodemographic and ultrasound data were collected using a prepared questionnaire. The study included 138 confirmed cases of uterine fibroids out of 2968 investigated cases representing incidence rate of 4.6%. The highest incidence was found in the age group 36-40 years. Most dominant anatomical locations of uterine fibroids were intramural as a single mass (34.78%), followed by the intramural-subserosal in multiple masses (20.29%). The anatomical positions of uterine fibroids, posterior position was seen in (27.5%) which was the most dominant in single uterine fibroid mass, followed by the anterior-posterior position in multiple uterine one (18.1%). Intramural anatomical locations in single mass are the commonest uterine fibroids types which affect the Sudanese women.
Key words: Anatomical locations; Uterine fibroid and leiomyomas
A Tale of Two Labels: The Use of “Modernism” and “Avant-Garde” in the Reception of Tom Mccarthy's c
Authors: Kersten Dennis , Wilbers Usha 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
This article presents the results of an innovative in-depth investigation of the reception of Tom McCarthy's novel C (2010), with the purpose of shedding more light on the use of labels associated with “Modernism” in the interpretation of contemporary British fiction. Focusing on the occurrence of the words “Modernism” and “avant-garde,” it combines quantitative analysis and detailed reading in order to answer the question how the two labels are defined when they are used in reference to C. The article aims to make a contribution to the on-going “Metamodernism” debate and its discussion of new developments in art after the demise of Postmodernism. Its main conclusion is that reviewers tend to interpret the two labels historically, which may be a consequence of the novel's setting in time. The research proves how essential it is to study the reception of novels across different cultural realities.