bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Claiming the nullity of a substantive right in the levy of execution. The issue of unfair and unwritten terms
Authors: Răducan Gabriela 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present study aims at the extended interpretation of the legislative reformulation of the article 713 paragraph (2) Criminal Procedure Code through the Law no. 310/2018 on the amendments the Code of Civil Procedure, with emphasis on the possibility and, in concreto, on the admissibility to claim the nullity of the substantive law (also in respect of unfair or unwritten terms), but also other causes of ineffectiveness of the legal act constituting enforceable title, other than a court judgement. The problem of interpretation was generated by the addition of the phrase „including a common law action” at the end of the legal text which allows to invoke some de facto or de jure reasons relating to the substance of the law, in the levy of execution regarding another writ of execution than a court judgement, as long as the law does not provide another procedural way to annul it. The notion of “procedural action” being chosen and the identification of the action “of general jurisdiction” are going to generate non-unitary practice, so we opted for their explanation, but the present study aims mainly to argue that the legislative amendment does not affect however, the possibility to claim, in the levy of execution, of some causes of ineffectiveness of the legal act representing the enforceable title, such as absolute or relative nullity (total or partial) of general jurisdiction, but also when it is determined by the identification of unfair terms or terms deemed as unwritten, but also the possibility to claim the exception of non-execution of the contract, along with other permitted defences (legal compensation, statute of limitation, force majeure, causes of extinction of the claim, etc.). In particular, in the area of abusive clauses, although the debtor has the right to an action of general jurisdiction, the national judge will not be able to allow the inadmissibly of their claim by way of the levy of execution. The conclusions of the study are of the utmost importance and can contribute to the standardization of the judicial practice and, in terms of abusive clauses, to its harmonization with the jurisprudence of the C.J.E.U. (Court of Justice of the European Union).
The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress in clinical practice: experience of doctors in Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Abdulah Deldar Morad , Mohammed Ayad Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction. The healthcare workers are at high risk of developing stress-related problems during outbreaks. This study aimed to explore the perceived stress and its relation to the duration of dealing with COVID-19 patients in medical doctors.

Methods. The doctors who work in different medical settings in Iraqi Kurdistan during coronavirus outbreak were invited into this cross-sectional study. The doctors were invited from one pediatric, one emergency, one special corona, and one maternity and gynecology hospital. The “Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS)” measured the perceived degree of a doctor who experienced stress. The information was collected through a web-based technique to avoid the disease spread.

Results. Doctors’ mean duration of dealing with suspected/confirmed cases of COVID-19 was 1.2 (Range: 0–16 days). The mean stress score was 18.81 out of 40. Most of the doctors had a moderate level of stress (69.4%), followed by a low (21.1%) and a high level of stress (9.6%). The general physicians and medical lab specialties had higher stress scores; 21.56 and 19.88, respectively. The high level of stress was among general physicians and community and family medicine doctors; 20.0% and 25.0%, respectively. Whether or not doctors dealt with suspected/confirmed cases of COVID-19, did not have a significant difference over the perceived stress score; 19.02 vs. 18.87; P = 0.786). The mean score of stress was raised with increasing duration of dealing with suspected/confirmed cases of COVID-19; r = 0.202; P = 0.004 and decreased with increasing age (r = –0.141; P = 0.045), and clinical experience (r = –0.139, P = 0.048).

Conclusion. This study showed that medical doctors are at a moderate level of perceived stress during the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan.
“Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Three Trapped Tigers: Mirrors, Labyrinths and Linguistic Experiment”
Authors: Grigore Rodica 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Among contemporary Latin American writers, the Cuban Guillermo Cabrera Infante occupies a special place. He represents the temptation of playing with words and with very complex narrative strategies, in order to make up a text, Three Trapped Tigers (1965), impossible to be analyzed with the traditional approaches frequently used by the literary critics. This magnificent text is not entirely a novel, nor a collection of short stories, the author himself defining it as a “free book”, representing his own deep nostalgia for his beloved city, Havana, which he lost forever after the complete success of the Cuban Revolution.
Motivation as key factor of deploying lean technologies in medical institutions (an analytic review)
Authors: Perevezentsev E. A. , Levanov V. M. 
Published: August 2020

Aim. To assess the importance, role, methods and conditions for creating and sustaining positive motivation of medical personnel in deploying a modern management system based on lean production to optimise the production ﬂow in medical institutions, improve quality, availability and efﬁciency of public medical care.Materials and methods. The authors employed historical, bibliometric and statistical methods to analyse domestic and foreign scientiﬁc archives on lean production, motivation and motivational risks as key factors in implementing lean technologies in medical institutions.Results. Implementation of lean production (LP) as a manufacturing management system is among key conditions for creating a new model of the medical institution. Principles of LP are applied at three interfaces: with patients, personnel and resources. Positive motivation of employees is prerequisite for accomplishing a project, which requires supervisors to know and leverage the basics of motivational management. Creation of a motivating environment for various categories of employees in developing a LP system requires taking into account the type and management culture level of a medical institution.Conclusion. In order to create and sustain motivation for realising creative potential of the team, it is necessary to account for the motivation risks, develop and implement a motivation system differentially by employee categories and project stages. Effective motivational measures are necessarily based on a system of material and non-material incentives with clear and achievable criteria, amounts and forms valued by employees and rooted in medical and economic feedback of implementing the LP principles.
Selected aspects of infectious disease evolution in the modern world
Authors: Maleyev V. V. 
Published: August 2020

The article presents current views on the evolution of infectious processes and the role of infectious diseases in global healthcare. The reversion of the main components of epidemic processes leads to an atypical course of many infectious diseases and to the emergence of new transmission pathways. Urbanisation, global climate change, agroindustrial boost, migration waves and other factors provoked a cross-border expansion of many wild focal infections across countries and continents. The high morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases are determined by novel and “resurrecting” infections. The possibility of appearing both epidemic and pandemic outbreaks of emergent infections is as relevant as ever.In this context, the impact of modern scientiﬁc achievements on environmental microbiotic associations and human microbiome, as well as safety of medical technologies, is of paramount importance.Despite current progress in the drug therapy of infectious diseases, a serious emerging challenge is ampliﬁed antimicrobial resistance and drug interference.
Effects of hypertensive heart disease on the quality of life of military personnel under the conditions of the Far north
Authors: Dybin A. S. , Menshikova L. I. 
Published: August 2020

Aim: To assess the relationship between the presence of hypertension and the quality of life of contracted military personnel in the Far North, as well as to establish a correlation between the military rank and body mass index.Materials and methods. A medical and sociological study was conducted using a questionnaire survey of 613 military personnel serving on a contract basis in the Far North. The main research tool was a short version of the World Health Organization questionnaire developed for estimating the subjective quality of life. Additionally, questions were asked regarding the health status, as well as the conditions of service and life of military personnel.Results. A positive answer to the question about the presence of a hypertension diagnosis was given by 52 (8.5%) of the respondents. 135 (22%) of the respondents conﬁrmed episodes of increased blood pressure. According to the scale, the quality of life of the military personnel with hypertension comprised 94 points (95% CI: 90.25–97.75), whereas this value equaled 95.33 points (95% CI: 93.10–97.57) and 99.99 points (95% CI: 98.91–101.06) for people experiencing episodes of increased blood pressure and for healthy individuals, respectively. A statistically signiﬁcant difference in the general assessment of the quality of life was noted between the group of healthy individuals and the group of the personnel suffering from hypertension (U= 10861,p˂ 0.01), as well as from the group of healthy individuals and people experiencing episodes of increased blood pressure (U= 17185,p˂ 0.05). In terms of the military rank, statistically signiﬁcant differences were noted in the hypertension group — between unranked military personnel and warrant ofﬁcers (U= 78.5,p˂ 0.05), and in the group experiencing episodes of increased blood pressure — unranked military personnel and warrant ofﬁcers (U= 587.5,p˂ 0.05) and warrant ofﬁcers and junior ofﬁcers (U= 620,p˂ 0.05). Spearman correlation criterion values were obtained for the relationship between the body mass index and both hypertension (rs= –0.212,p˂ 0.001) and high blood pressure (rs= –0.231,p˂ 0.001).Conclusion. The obtained data conﬁrm the negative impact of conditions associated with increased blood pressure on such aspects as the physical and mental well-being, self-perception, self-assessment of the quality of life and the state of health, general assessment of the quality of life. A correlation between the overall quality of life, the body mass index and the military rank of military personnel was established.
The Assessment of Brain Functional Changes in the Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patient with Cognitive Impairment by Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Singh Tanoj Bahadur , Aisikaer Aikedan , He Che , Wu Yalin , Chen Hong , Ni Hongyan , Song Yijun , Yin Jianzhong 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to detect functional changes in the brain of cognitive impairment-temporal lobe epilepsy (CI-TLE) patient and to sort out the possible mechanism involved in CI in CI-TLE patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI).

Material and Methods:
Fifty-eight TLE cases were included, which was divided into 44 TLE patients without CI (cognitive not impairment [CNI]-TLE) and 14 TLE patients with CI (CI-TLE). The normal control (NC) group consisted of 40 participants. RS-fMRI data preprocessing was carried out in statistical parametric mapping (SPM) software. The data were realigned, coregistered, normalized, and finally smoothened and then were taken for amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) calculation in RS-fMRI data analysis toolkit (REST) software. For data analysis, voxel-wise two-sample t-test was carried out between TLE group and NC group; CI-TLE group and cognitive not impairment-TLE (CNI-TLE) group in SPM software, a cluster >10 voxels and P < 0.01 was considered to be significant.

Results:
Compared to NC, the TLE patients showed increased ALFF activation mostly in parahippocampal gyrus (PG), frontal lobe, midbrain, pons, insula, inferior temporal gyrus, and anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) while decreased ALFF value was seen in posterior cingulate gyrus, cuneus, cerebellum posterior lobe, inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and superior temporal gyrus. Compared to CNI-TLE, CI-TLE patients showed increased ALFF in middle temporal gyrus (MTG), cuneus, ACG, IPL, middle frontal gyrus (MFG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), cerebellum posterior lobe, and decreased ALFF cluster in the corpus callosum and MFG.

Conclusion:
Between TLE and NC, we found increased ALFF activation in PG, frontal lobe, thalamus, insula, midbrain, and pons in TLE patient. Between CI and CNI TLE, area of executive control network and default model network, especially in MTG, ACG, IPL, MFG, and SFG, had increased ALFF value in CI-TLE patient. Activation of these areas should be because of the decompensation mechanism.
MALFUNGSI HAN DAN UPAYA MELAKUKAN REKONSTRUKSI SISTEM HUKUM YANG ADA MENUJU HUKUM YANG MELAYANI
Authors: Hafidz Jawade 
Published: August 2020

The republic of Indonesian is a law country with welfare state concept. Consequently, each activity should be oriented around the goals based on the law that organize state activities, government, and society. The State is required to play a role and to interfere on its socety life in order to achieve prosperity. One of the important role is state administration to serve the society. In recent time, state administrative law plays a large role, because the state grants the authority to government in organizing societyâ€™s concerns and welfare, which mean the state Â to be functionsto serve socetyâ€™s needs.Keywords: Law, Serve, Society
Tinjauan Yuridis Mengenai Gratifikasi Pelayanan Seks
Authors: Laksana Andri Winjaya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe act of someone who gives something to someone else, of course it is allowed, however when the gift is an expectation to be able to influence the decisions or policies of the officials who were given a gift, then giving it not only a sign of greeting or thank you, but as a attempt to obtain the advantages of an officer or examiner that will affect the integrity, independence and objectivity, such actions included in the definition gratification. Corruption canâ€™t be separated from what is called a gratification. One form of gratification that is still under discussion and debate among the public and the legal profession is Gratification of sexual services, which are made by women as objects and items that can be bought and sold. Women who used to lobby or as a gift to state officials who want to cooperate with corruption bribe giver. Although not stipulated in the legislation specifically, gratification of sexual services have negative effects for the implementation of the State government, and should be anticipated more seriously in order to achieve a clean governmentKeyword : Judicial review, gratification, sex service.Â AbstrakPerbuatan seseorang yang memberikan sesuatu kepada orang lain tentu saja hal tersebut diperbolehkan. Namun ketika pemberian tersebut merupakan suatu harapan untuk dapat mempengaruhi keputusan atau kebijakan dari pejabat yang diberi hadiah, maka pemberian itu tidak hanya sekedar ucapan selamat atau tanda terima kasih, akan tetapi sebagai suatu upaya untuk memperoleh keuntungan dari pejabat atau pemeriksa yang akan mempengaruhi integritas, independensi serta objektivitasnya, perbuatan tersebut termasuk dalam pengertian gratifikasi. Korupsi tidak dapat dipisahkan dari apa yang disebut gratifikasi. Salah satu bentuk gratifikasi yang masih dalam pembahasan dan perdebatan di kalangan masyarakat dan profesi hukum adalah gratifikasi layanan seksual, yang dibuat oleh wanita sebagai obyek dan item yang dapat dibeli dan dijual. Perempuan yang digunakan untuk melobi atau sebagai hadiah kepada pejabat negara yang ingin bekerja sama dengan pemberi suap korupsi. Meskipun belum diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan secara khusus, gratikasi pelayanan seksual memberikan efek negatif bagi penyelenggaraan pemerintahan negara, dan perlu diantisipasi lebih serius demi tercapainya pemerintahan yang bersih.Kata kunci : Tinjauan yuridis, gratifikasi, pelayanan seks
SOLIDARITAS ISLAM DAN PENCEGAHAN PENGARUH ISIS DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Thontowi Jawahir 
Published: August 2020

Abstrak Persaudaraan dalam Islam (ukhuwah Islamiyah) adalah ajaran yang ideal berdasarkan prinsip syariah. Hal ini terkait dengan konsep solidaritas Islam yang efektif digunakan untuk perlawanan dan perlindungan diri terhadap agresi non muslim. Ketika Negara Islam Irak dan Suriah (ISIS) menyatakan kendali mereka terhadap Irak dan Suriah, mereka didukung oleh konsep solidaritas Islam dari beberapa negara Muslim. Meskipun ISIS memenuhi persyaratan untuk berperang, seperti sebagai memiliki zona dibawah kendali, komandan, pengikut, dan seragam militer; tetapi ia tidak dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai berperang dalam hukum internasional karena fakta bahwa tindakan ISIS melanggar hukum humanis, ISIS saat ini ditolak oleh negara-negara muslim. Mengusulkan bantuan kemanusiaan yang dilakukan oleh muslim akan menjadi pilihan yang lebih baik untuk dipromosikan daripada melakukan intervensi kemanusiaan. Pemerintah Indonesia berupaya untuk memerangi pengikut ISIS, dan hal ini tidak akan berhasil tanpa ada usaha yang dilakukan.Â Kata kunci: Solidaritas Islam, ISIS, Hukum Internasional, PemberontakanÂ AbstrakÂ Brotherhood in Islam (ukhuwah Islamiyah) is an ideal teaching based on Islamic principle.Â Itâ€™s related to the concept of Islamic solidarity that is effectively used for resistence and self protection against non Moslem aggression. When the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) claimed their control to the Iraq and Syria, they are supported by the concept of Islamic solidarity from some Moslem countries.Â Althought the ISIS comply belligerent requirements like as having under control zone, commander, follower, and military uniform; it cannot be classified as belligerent in international law due to the fact that the ISIS actions violate agains humanitarian law the ISIS currently rejected by Moslem countries to be valid and just war. Proposing humanitarian assistance conducted by Moslem would better choice to be promoted rather than humanitarian intervention. Indonesian government attemptes to combat against the ISIS followers cannot be tralled effectively, whithout any effort played.Â Â Key Words: Islamic Solidarity, Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, Internasional Law, Belligerency
HKI SYARIAH, KONSEP IDE DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DI INDONESIA IPR OF SHARIA, CONCEPT IDEAS AND THE IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Pranadita Nugraha 
Published: August 2020

Abstrak: Di Indonesia saat ini sedang berkembang pemikiran tentang penerapan prinsip syariah dalam bidang-bidang perekonomian, termasuk dalam hal perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI). Pemikiran tersebut berbeda dengan â€œpemikiran baratâ€ yang menjadi dasar dibentuknya undang-undang terkait perlindungan HKI yang sudah ada di Indonesia. Rumusan konsep perlindungan HKI syariah adalah sebuah konsep hasil penggabungan fungsi beberapa pranata hukum yang ada. Hal tersebut memungkinkan rumusan konsep perlindungan HKI syariah ini dapat segera diterapkan di Indonesia dan tetap menjadi bagian dari sistem hukum nasional dan sekaligus menjadi bagian dari tradisi hukum yang ada di dunia.Â Kata kunci: Perlindungan HKI syariah, konsep, implementasi.Â Â Abstract: In Indonesia, the idea of applying the sharia principles in economy fields is currently developing, including the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). This idea is substantially different from the "western thought" which became the basis of the law establishment regarding the protection of Intellectual Property Rights in Indonesia. The formulation of the concept of sharia IPR protection is a concept of the result of merging some functions of the existing legal order. It allows the formulation of the concept of IPR protection sharia to be immediately applied in Indonesia and remains a part of the national legal system and also become part Â of the legal tradition in the world.Â Key words : Sharia IPR Protection, concept, implementation.
Fungsi â€œAkteâ€ Dalam Kemitraan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) Dengan Pengusaha Besar Menurut Prinsip Keseimbangan (Balance Principles)
Authors: Sukarmi Sukarmi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractÂ Partnership business strategy, carried out by two or more parties within a specified period with the goal of mutual benefit to the principle of mutual need and mutual raising. Its success is largely determined by the compliance among the partners in running the business ethics. Various kinds of partnerships are performed, including business partnerships, fundraising partnership, empowerment of micro and / or small businesses that do SOE in the form of lending in order to strengthen the capital accompanied by mentoring, etc. In order to realize these efforts, thus it is made by deed of partnership agreement agreed upon with the principle of equilibrium or balance principle.Â Keywords: Certificate, Partnership, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Entrepreneurs Large, Balance PrincipleÂ AbstrakStrategi bisnis kemitraan, dilakukan oleh dua pihak atau lebih dalam jangka waktu tertentu dengan tujuan meraih keuntungan bersama dengan prinsip saling membutuhkan dan saling membesarkan. Keberhasilannya sangat ditentukan oleh adanya kepatuhan diantara yang bermitra dalam menjalankan etika bisnis. Berbagai macam kemitraan yang dilakukan, diantaranya kemitraan usaha, kemitraan penggalangan dana, program pemberdayaan usaha mikro dan/atau usaha kecil yang dilakukan BUMN dalam bentuk pemberian pinjaman dalam rangka memperkuat modal usaha yang disertai dengan kegiatan pendampingan, dll. Guna merealisasikan usaha tersebut, dilakukan dengan akte perjanjian kemitraan yang disepakati bersama dengan prinsip keseimbangan atau balance principle.Kata Kunci: Akte, Kemitraan, Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM), Pengusaha Besar, Prinsip Keseimbangan
SYNTHESIS OF SOME DIAZINE AND TRIAAZOLE DERIVATIVES FROM FURFURAL
Authors: M.S Al-Ajely , I.M Shaban 
Published: August 2020

The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds especially when their structure containing nitrogen ,oxygen and sulfur atoms are growing up due to their wide spread in nature ,many mechanistic pathways to reach the target with nearly negligible loss of their dose and there are numerous me thods to derivatives their structures There for the development in hetero cyclic synthesis will provide new metabolic pathways when these compounds have succeeded to be used as drug ,Moreover it was known for long time that about 95 % of cancer drugs are heterocyclic compounds .There are also many methods found in the literature for the synthesis of both triazoles and trdiazines from different routes In this investigation furfural was used as precursor for the synthesis of some new diazine and triazole derivatives (3-11).The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR ,and 1HNMR and are discussed.