bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underpinnings of Competency-Based Education
Authors: Schilling Jim F. , Koetting J. Randall 
Published: June 2020

Context: To understand and appropriately implement competency-based education (CBE) to its fullest potential in professional programs, an investigation of its evolution is required.
Objective: To reveal the development of the CBE approach now dominating many professional programs in higher education, including Athletic Training Education Programs (ATEPs). While behavioral science research at the turn of the 20th century laid the groundwork for the CBE approach, the process used to establish its construct in education stemmed from scientific management methodology used in industry. A history of various educational paradigms, including social efficiency, essentialism, and vocationalism, contributed to the birth and eventual use of the CBE approach in professional programs.
Data Sources: Literature reviewed for this article included published articles and books pertaining to CBE and the sciences, philosophies, theories, and educational paradigms that constitute the underpinnings of the CBE approach used in higher education professional programs.
Data Synthesis: A contradiction of learning theories has led to inconsistent employment of the CBE framework, making its use inconsistent in professional programs. The emphasis in health care education programs, such as athletic training, has been on using specific behavioral objectives that provide distinct quantifiable data as competencies assessed within specific time frames, as opposed to incorporating integrated objectives as competencies with completion determined by level of skill achievement.
Conclusions: Authenticity and immeasurable skills are examples of limitations with the CBE approach in athletic training programs. These limitations will be discussed and suggestions for future direction provided.
Survey Instrument Validity Part II: Validation of a Survey Instrument Examining Athletic Trainers' Knowledge and Practice Beliefs Regarding Exertional Heat Stroke
Authors: Burton Laura J. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. 
Published: June 2020

Context: Instrument validation is an important component to sound survey research methods.
Objective: The purpose of this article is to discuss the process of developing and validating an instrument to investigate an athletic trainer's attitudes and behaviors regarding the recognition and treatment of exertional heat stroke.
Background: Following up from our initial paper, which discussed the process of survey instrument design and validation, we present the practical application of those general guidelines as described by Netemeyer and colleagues.
Description: There are four basic steps to developing a valid survey instrument: (1) defining the construct, (2) item development and judgment, (3) designing and conducting studies to develop a survey, and (4) finalizing the instrument. Following these steps, we present our survey instrument used to evaluate an athletic trainer's knowledge and practice beliefs regarding exertional heat stroke.
Conclusions: Following the process of survey development and validation, we were able to develop an instrument to help understand attitudes held by athletic trainers regarding appropriate clinical practice behaviors in the treatment of exertional heat stroke.
A Peer-Assisted Learning Program and its Effect on Student Skill Demonstration
Authors: Carr W. David , Volberding Jennifer , Vardiman Phillip 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To explore the effect of an intentional Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL) program on peer-tutors and peer-tutees for performance on specific psychomotor skills.
Design and Setting: Randomized, pretest-posttest experimental design.
Participants: Undergraduate students (N = 69, 42 females and 27 males, all participants were 18 to 22 years old, 19.5±1.2) enrolled in the professional phase of an accredited Athletic Training Education Program.
Measurements: Pretest and posttest performance for the peer-tutors and post-peer interaction for the peer-tutees on identified therapeutic modality and orthopedic assessment psychomotor skill sets. Peer-tutors were randomly assigned to one of four groups; PAL only (PAL), PAL and the focused review session (PAL+), focused review session only (REV), and a control group (CON). Peer-tutees were randomly assigned to interact with the peer-tutors from the PAL and PAL+ or no interaction as a control group. Pretest-posttest percentage correct average changes for the peer tutors were analyzed with an ANOVA.
Results: The pretest-posttest skill scores were found to be significantly different for the peer-tutors (F3,102 = 4.703; P = .004). Post-hoc means comparison revealed significant differences between the peer-tutor groups PAL versus CON, PAL+ versus CON, and REV versus CON. Analysis of the peer-tutee means revealed no significant differences (PAL; .906 ± .087, PAL+; .918 ± .077, and Control; .881 ± .061).
Conclusion: These data suggest that peer interaction can increase student skill performance scores for the peer-tutors. A visual review of the means indicates a trend of increased skill level for the peer-tutees that received peer-tutoring from the PAL+ peer tutors. No significant difference was found with the REV group. It would appear from the peer-tutor perspective that a focused review session has more of an effect on student learning than peer interaction.
Kur’ân’da Toplumsal Anomiye Götüren Sebepler
Authors: Ateş Mehmet Halit 
Published: June 2020

Kur'an-ı Kerim insanoğlunun toplum
içerisinde belli bir düzen ve birliktelik içerisinde yaşamalarını sağlayan
ilkelere sahiptir. Bu ilkeler, insanın dünya ve ahiret mutluluğunu elde
etmelerine yardımcı olur. İnsanlar bu ilkeleri hayatlarında uyguladıkları
sürece toplumda düzen hakim olur. Buradan hareketle insanoğlu bu ilkelerden
uzaklaştıkça toplum düzeni bozulur ve anomiye sürüklenir. Bunun yanı sıra
sanayi devrimi sonucunda hızlı değişim ortaya çıkmaktadır ve insanlar hızlı
değişim ve gelişime insanlar ayak uyduramamaktadır. Bunun sonucunda birey ve
toplum kültürel değerler hususunda kendini boşlukta hissetmektedir. Bu hızlı
değişimin sonucu olarak aile kurumu görevini yerine getirememekte ve anomiye
düşmekte ve toplumu da beraberinde sürüklemektedir. 18. yy'dan sonra aile tipi
geleneksel tipten, modern aile tipine dönüşmektedir. Bu nedenle insanların aile
içerisindeki görevleri değişmektedir. Anne ve baba aile de rolünü tam
yapamamaktadır. Bu da çocuğun sosyalleşmesini engellemektedir. Toplumda
kültürel değerlerden yoksun bireyler yetişmektedir. Aile kurumunda varolan
anomi diğer kurumları da doğrudan etkilemektedir.Bu çalışmanın amacı, toplumların
normsuzluğu veya anomi diye ifade edilen durumların Kur’an bağlamında sosyolojik
kavramlarla ele almaktır. Özellikle kıssalar bağlamında toplumsal anomi veya
kültürel şizofreni diye ifade edilen normsuzluğun Kur’an’i açıdan yorumlama,
örnekleme ve değerlendirmektir. Çalışma nitel yöntemin tarihsel dokümantasyon
tekniğine uygun olarak kurgulanmış ve dolaylı gözlem yoluyla elde edilen
veriler sistemleştirilerek kullanılmıştır. Aynı şekilde anomiye karşılık olarak
Kur'an'ın ifadesiyle helak kavramına, bunun insanlar üzerindeki etkisine
değineceğiz. Bununla birlikte çalışmamızda, Nuh Kavmi, Semud Kavmi, Firavun
Kavmi, Ad Kavmi, Lut Kavmi'nin helak
olmalarının sebeplerini Kur'an ayetleri çerçevesinde ele alacağız. Ayrıca, toplumsal anomiye götüren Kur'an'i durum ve
olaylar, Kur'an'daki anomik toplumların yapısındaki ortak özellikler, toplumun
anomik davranışlardan kurtulmasının Kur'an'i ilkelerine değineceğiz. Bu
başlıklar altında yer alan alt başlıklara uyumlu Kur'an ayetlerinden örnekler
vereceğiz.
Bounded rationality in Keynesian beauty contests: a lesson for central bankers?
Authors: Mauersberger Felix , Nagel Rosemarie , Bühren Christoph 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The great recession (2008) triggered an apparent discrepancy between empirical findings and macroeconomic models based on rational expectations alone. This gap led to a series of recent developments of a behavioral microfoundation of macroeconomics combined with the underlying experimental and behavioral Beauty Contest (BC) literature, which the authors review in this paper. They introduce the reader to variations of the Keynesian Beauty Contest (Keynes, The general theory of employment, interest, and money, 1936), theoretically and experimentally, demonstrating systematic patterns of out-of-equilibrium behavior. This divergence of (benchmark) solutions and bounded rationality observed in human behavior has been resolved through stepwise reasoning, the so-called level k, or cognitive hierarchy models. Furthermore, the authors show how the generalized BC function with limited parameter specifications encompasses relevant micro and macro models. Therefore, the stepwise reasoning models emerge naturally as building blocks for new behavioral macroeconomic theories to understand puzzles like the lacking rise of inflation after the financial crisis, the efficacy of quantitative easing, the forward guidance puzzle, and the effectiveness of temporary fiscal expansion.
Rainfall estimation from a German-wide commercial microwave link network: optimized processing and validation for 1 year of data
Authors: Graf Maximilian , Chwala Christian , Polz Julius , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Rainfall is one of the most important environmental variables. However, it is a challenge to measure it accurately over space and time. During the last decade, commercial microwave links (CMLs), operated by mobile network providers, have proven to be an additional source of rainfall information to complement traditional rainfall measurements.
In this study, we present the processing and evaluation of a German-wide data set of CMLs.
This data set was acquired from around 4000 CMLs distributed across Germany with a temporal resolution of 1 min. The analysis period of 1 year spans from September 2017 to August 2018. We compare and adjust existing processing schemes on this large CML data set. For the crucial step of detecting rain events in the raw attenuation time series, we are able to reduce the amount of misclassification. This was achieved by using a new approach to determine the threshold, which separates a rolling window standard deviation of the CMLs' signal into wet and dry periods. For the compensation for wet antenna attenuation, we compare a time-dependent model with a rain-rate-dependent model and show that the rain-rate-dependent model performs better for our data set. We use RADOLAN-RW, a gridded gauge-adjusted hourly radar product from the German Meteorological Service (DWD) as a precipitation reference, from which we derive the path-averaged rain rates along each CML path.
Our data processing is able to handle CML data across different landscapes and seasons very well. For hourly, monthly, and seasonal rainfall sums, we found good agreement between CML-derived rainfall and the reference, except for the winter season due to non-liquid precipitation. We discuss performance measures for different subset criteria, and we show that CML-derived rainfall maps are comparable to the reference.
This analysis shows that opportunistic sensing with CMLs yields rainfall information with good agreement with gauge-adjusted radar data during periods without non-liquid precipitation.
25 Years Ago in the JBPA/JBP
Authors: St. John Merrill Thomas 
Published: June 2020

In this column, we look back at the content and imagery found in the Journal of the Biological Photographic Association (JBPA), which was later renamed the Journal of Biological Photography (JBP). This column examines important articles from 25 years ago. In doing so, we gain some insight into those legacy photography techniques of that time.
Mouse Embryo cover image by Robert Turner, RBP, FBPA
How Are Orthopaedic Surgery Residencies Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Assessment of Resident Experiences in Cities of Major Virus Outbreak
Authors: An Tonya W. , Henry Jensen K. , Igboechi Oduche , Wang Pengcheng , Yerrapragada Aditya , Lin Carol A. , Paiement Guy D. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
In response to COVID-19, American medical centers have enacted elective case restrictions, markedly affecting the training of orthopaedic residents. Residencies must develop new strategies to provide patient care while ensuring the health and continued education of trainees. We aimed to describe the evolving impact of COVID-19 on orthopaedic surgery residents.

Methods:
We surveyed five Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited orthopaedic residency programs within cities highly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic about clinical and curricular changes. An online questionnaire surveyed individual resident experiences related to COVID-19.

Results:
One hundred twenty-one resident survey responses were collected. Sixty-five percent of the respondents have cared for a COVID-19-positive patient. One in three reported being unable to obtain institutionally recommended personal protective equipment during routine clinical work. All programs have discontinued elective orthopaedic cases and restructured resident rotations. Most have shifted schedules to periods of active clinical duty followed by periods of remote work and self-isolation. Didactic education has continued via videoconferencing.

Discussion:
COVID-19 has caused unprecedented changes to orthopaedic training; however, residents remain on the front lines of inpatient care. Exposures to COVID-19 are prevalent and residents have fallen ill. Programs currently use a variety of strategies to provide essential orthopaedic care. We recommend continued prioritization of resident safety and necessary training accommodations.
Invordering schulden: van eigenbelang naar gezamenlijk belang
Authors: Moerman André 
Published: June 2020

Debt recovery: from self-interest to common interest
This contribution treats debt recovery as an important cause for the emergence and worsening of the debt problem. It is explained that when a bailiff seizes wage, the debtor often has too little left to live on. In addition to seizure of wage, the bailiff can also seize the bank account or seize household goods in order to sell these. The author describes how this can lead to new debts and what legislation is being prepared to modernize this situation. In case of problematic debts, multiple creditors are collecting from the same debtor, which requires coordination. The recovery by creditors facilitated by the current rules focuses on the claims of individual creditors. However, as soon as problematic debts are involved, an integrated approach is necessary, in which the common interest, the interest of all creditors and that of the debtor, takes precedence over self-interest.
De materiële wijzigingen van de geschillenregeling onder het voorontwerp Wet aanpassing geschillenregeling en verduidelijking ontvankelijkheidseisen enquêteprocedure
Authors: de Boer J.A.G. 
Published: June 2020

De materiële wijzigingen van de geschillenregeling onder het voorontwerp Wet aanpassing geschillenregeling en verduidelijking ontvankelijkheidseisen enquêteprocedure
In deze bijdrage behandelt de auteur de materiële wijzigingen van de geschillenregeling van het voorontwerp. Het voorontwerp is een stap in de goede richting naar een effectieve(re) geschillenregeling, maar komt niet aan alle bezwaren tegemoet.
Pathology Laboratory Policies and Procedures for Releasing Diagnostic Tissue for Cancer Research
Authors: Yuan Yao , Van Dyke Alison L. , Petkov Valentina I. , Hussey Sarah , Moravec Radim , Altekruse Sean F. , Sandoval Mayra , Cress Rosemary D. , Mueller Lloyd M. , Mogi Alan , Hernandez Brenda Y. , Selk Freda R. , Lynch Charles F. , Tucker Thomas C. , Lynch Mary Anne , Lefante Christina , Wu Xiao-Cheng , Sweeney Carol , Doherty Jennifer A. , Penberthy Lynne S. 
Published: June 2020

Context.—
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry program is currently evaluating the use of archival, diagnostic, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue obtained through SEER cancer registries, functioning as honest brokers for deidentified tissue and associated data. To determine the feasibility of this potential program, laboratory policies for sharing tissue for research needed to be assessed.

Objective.—
To understand the willingness of pathology laboratories to share archival diagnostic tissue for cancer research and related policies.

Design.—
Seven SEER registries administered a 27-item questionnaire to pathology laboratories within their respective registry catchment areas. Only laboratories that processed diagnostic FFPE specimens and completed the questionnaire were included in the analysis.

Results.—
Of the 153 responding laboratories, 127 (83%) responded that they process FFPE specimens. Most (n = 88; 69%) were willing to share tissue specimens for research, which was not associated with the number of blocks processed per year by the laboratories. Most laboratories retained the specimens for at least 10 years. Institutional regulatory policies on sharing deidentified tissue varied considerably, ranging from requiring a full Institutional Review Board review to considering such use exempt from Institutional Review Board review, and 43% (55 of 127) of the laboratories did not know their terms for sharing tissue for research.

Conclusions.—
This project indicated a general willingness of pathology laboratories to participate in research by sharing FFPE tissue. Given the variability of research policies across laboratories, it is critical for each SEER registry to work with laboratories in their catchment area to understand such policies and state legislation regulating tissue retention and guardianship.
Effects of Heterosis for Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Sodic Soil
Authors: Shukla Durgesh Kumar , Singh S. N. , Gaur S. C. , Kumar Anil 
Published: June 2020

Aim: The current experiment was conducted to know the genetic architecture of 12 physio-morphological traits under sodic soil through Line × Tester analysis.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications adopting a recommended spacing of 20 x 15 cm in the field. Recommended package of practices was followed to establish the crop.
Place and Duration of Study: Present investigation was conducted at Farmer Field of village Amwa Bhaluhi of Bhathat Block District: Gorakhpur, India.
Methodology: The hybrids along with parental lines and checks were evaluated through Line × Tester analysis. Lines were used as female while testers were used as male parents where the climate is semi-arid with hot summer and cold winter (sub-tropical) and the soil of experimental field was sodic [ECe = 2.21 (dSm-1 ); pH =9.2]. The water used for irrigating the experimental field was taken from the bore well with pH 9.00 and RSC is 10 meq/L.
Results: An outset on perusal of data for hybrids based on the cross combinations Jhona x Pusa 169 resulted from crossing between parents having high genetic distance showed high positive significant standard heterosis for seed yield. However, the crosses viz., Shriram 434 x PB 1, Halchal x IR 24, Magic x Pusa 169 and Super Moti x Pusa 169, gives sparingly high significant negative standard heterosis for seed yield although their parents having high genetic distance.
Conclusion: These cross combinations merit consideration for extensive testing across space and time in the target environment to verify their suitability for commercial exploitation. The reason for this could have been the linkage of alleles in repulsive phase for biomass and yield. As there was dominance gene action involved, inter se matings followed by recombination breeding might be advocated for the improvement of yield under sodicity. The cross combinations Jhona x Pusa 169 emerged as lines to be recommended for exploitation in hybridization programme to enhance the production and productivity of sodic soil.
Trends in Multiresidue Analysis
Authors: Hernández‐Mesa Maykel , Lara Francisco J. , Moreno‐González David , del Olmo‐Iruela Monsalud , García‐Campaña Ana M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe global concern about food safety and environment quality has produced the development of a legal framework to control residues of organic compounds (e.g. pesticides and veterinary and human drugs). In this context, the establishment of analytical methods achieving satisfactory performances in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, resolution, identification, sample throughput, and applicability, is mandatory. Multiresidue methods mainly based on chromatographic techniques [i.e., gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC)] coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) are currently applied in routine laboratories. Furthermore, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has emerged as an alternative to LC and GC, owing to the development of on‐line preconcentration strategies for sensitivity enhancement. The recent integration of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in LC‐MS workflows also involves new possibilities for the separation of isomeric and isobaric residues, as well as for the separation of analytes of interest from background noise. New trends in multiresidue analysis point towards ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) strategies, which avoid chromatographic separations and substantially reduce analysis time. On the other hand, sample preparation has evolved through the development of miniaturized and environmentally friendly procedures according to the Green Chemistry principles. In addition, generic extraction procedures for multiclass analysis have been optimized, increasing sample throughput. This article aims to show an overview of the current trends in the analysis of pesticide and drugs in food and environmental samples, discussing the relevant advances in sample treatments and the technological evolution of the instrumental techniques. We hope to offer with this article a critical review of the analytical possibilities for routine analysis laboratories focused on monitoring of residues.
Derivatization and Modification of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Related Compounds for LC‐MS‐Based Analytical Applications
Authors: Weissberg Avi , Madmon Moran , Dagan Shai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of novel analytical methods to detect and identify chemical warfare agents (CWAs), their degradation products, metabolites, and precursors is of high importance as terrorist groups and radical regimes use or plan to use chemical weapons against civilians or military targets. Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC), usually hyphenated with mass spectrometry (MS), are the major techniques used to detect and identify chemicals of concern according to the chemical convention. In this mini‐review, we describe the present state of research on the derivatization and modification of CWAs and related compounds for LC‐MS and atmospheric pressure ionization (API)‐based analysis reported in the open literature during the last 15 years. The more polar, reactive, or highly volatile agents are derivatized to expedite chromatography and to impart properties valuable for sensitive detection and identification by MS. In this article, we focus on trace analysis of CWAs, mostly G‐type nerve agents, blister agents (sulfur mustard (HD)), and the most famous blood agent, cyanide. Analytical applications are mainly in environmental matrices but also in biomedical matrices that support the investigation of CWAs use and monitoring of possible exposure to CWAs.