bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent and emerging hazards contributing to work‐related fatalities in Alaska
Authors: Lucas Devin , Fitzgerald Elizabeth , Case Samantha , O'Connor Mary , Syron Laura 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWorkers in Alaska have an elevated risk of dying on the job compared to workers in the rest of the United States. The purpose of this study was to measure and describe the trend in fatalities during the 15‐year period 2004 to 2018, and to identify lingering and emerging hazards that result in fatalities.MethodsData on fatal work‐related injuries in Alaska during 2004 to 2018 were obtained from the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System. Descriptive statistics were calculated to identify fatality characteristics. Fatality rates were expressed as the number of deaths per 100 000 workers, and Poisson regression was used to measure the trend during the study period.ResultsDuring 2004 to 2018, there were 517 work‐related fatalities in Alaska. The average annual risk of fatalities during the 15‐year period was 9.6 per 100 000 workers, with no significant trend. The leading events or exposures resulting in fatal injuries to workers in Alaska during 2004 to 2018 were water vehicle incidents (145, 28.0%), aircraft incidents (105, 20.3%), and suicides (46, 8.9%). The number of suicides and homicides at work increased substantially during the 15‐year period.ConclusionsWhile deaths due to water vehicle incidents have substantially decreased, they still represent a major component of Alaska's work‐related fatality profile. Aviation safety continues to be an area of concern in Alaska. Unintentional drug overdoses at work, as well as workplace violence in the form of suicides and homicides, represent emerging issues that need the attention of Alaskan occupational safety stakeholders. These findings can inform and direct fatality prevention research and practice.
Evaluating Oregon's occupational public health surveillance system based on the CDC updated guidelines
Authors: Yang Liu , Weston Crystal , Cude Curtis , Kincl Laurel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Oregon Occupational Public Health Program (OOPHP) monitors occupational health indicators (OHIs) to inform occupational safety and health (OSH) surveillance. In 2018, OOPHP evaluated the performance of the OSH surveillance system and identified areas for future improvement.MethodsFollowing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems, the OOPHP evaluation team engaged internal and external stakeholders using a mixed‐methods approach. Operational measures for ten surveillance attributes were developed. Multiple data collection methods resulted in credible evidence for evaluation conclusions. Analyses included summary statistics and qualitative analysis of interviews, a focus group, and online surveys.ResultsTwenty stakeholders took part in this evaluation, with an average participation rate of 55%. Results showed the Oregon OSH surveillance system was simple, flexible, and highly accepted by its stakeholders. Funding security presents challenges for stability. A lack of timeliness of OHIs, low relevance of OHIs to local OSH issues, and the system's ineffectual data dissemination all limit the usefulness of the OSH surveillance system. A review of key data sources for the system showed good data quality and predictive value positive, but relatively poor sensitivity and representativeness.ConclusionsThe evaluation team successfully adapted attributes and examples in the CDC guidelines to this Oregon OSH surveillance evaluation. The evaluation findings have informed the development of recommendations for improvements to OOPHP's OSH surveillance. Future research is needed to develop guidance specific to OSH surveillance evaluation.
Clinical characteristics and quality of life, depression, and anxiety in adults with neurofibromatosis type 1: A nationwide study
Authors: Doser Karoline , Andersen Elisabeth Wreford , Kenborg Line , Dalton Susanne Oksbjerg , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Krøyer Anja , Østergaard John , Hove Hanne , Sørensen Sven Asger , Johansen Christoffer , Mulvihill John , Winther Jeanette Falck , Bidstrup Pernille Envold 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic condition characterized by numerous somatic manifestations. The psychosocial burden in adults has rarely been studied. We examined the prevalence of self‐reported impairment of quality of life (QoL), symptoms of anxiety and depression and need for support, associated with disease severity and visibility. We conducted a nationwide cross‐sectional study of all 467 adults with NF1 diagnosed between 1977 and 2016 at one of the two national centers for rare diseases in Denmark. A total of 244 (56% response rate) completed a questionnaire that included standard measures of QoL, symptoms of depression and anxiety, indicators of disease‐related severity, visibility, and need for professional support. Associations between disease severity and visibility and psychosocial burden were analyzed in descriptive and multivariate models. We observed impaired QoL (mean = 81.3; 95% CI, 76.2; 86.4); 19% reported symptoms of depression (mean = 5.7; SD = 5.4), and 15% reported anxiety (mean = 5.1; SD = 5.2) at a clinical level. Adults with NF1 also reported requiring professional support for physical, psychological, and work‐related problems. Disease severity and (partly) visibility were significantly (p < .0001) associated with psychosocial well‐being and a requirement for support. This study provides new understanding of the factors associated with impaired QoL, indicating that follow‐up care should be optimized into adult life.
Epigenetics and genomics in Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Skakkebæk Anne , Viuff Mette , Nielsen Morten M. , Gravholt Claus H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince the first description of Klinefelter syndrome (KS) was published in 1942 in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, large inter‐individual variability in the phenotypic presentation has been demonstrated. However, our understanding of the global impact of the additional X chromosome on the genome remains an enigma. Evidence from the existing literature of KS indicates that not just one single genetic mechanism can explain the phenotype and the variable expressivity, but several mechanisms may be at play concurrently. In this review, we describe different genetic mechanisms and recent advances in the understanding of the genome, epigenome, and transcriptome of KS and the link to the phenotype and clinical heterogeneity. Future studies are needed to unite clinical data, genomic data, and basic research attempting to understand the genetics behind KS. Unraveling the genetics of KS will be of clinical relevance as it may enable the use of polygenic risk scores to predict future disease susceptibility and enable clinical risk stratification of KS patients in the future.
Triarylboran‐katalysierte Alkenylierungen von Arylestern mit Diazoverbindungen
Authors: Dasgupta Ayan , Stefkova Katarína , Babaahmadi Rasool , Gierlichs Lukas , Ariafard Alireza , Melen Rebecca L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWir berichten hier von einer einfachen und milden Reaktion zur Knüpfung von Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Bindungen in Abwesenheit von Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren. Wir zeigen, dass die metallfreie Alkenylierungsreaktion von Arylestern mit α‐Diazoestern zu hochfunktionalisierten Eninprodukten führt. Es werden katalytische Mengen an Tris(pentafluorphenyl)boran (10–20 Mol‐%) eingesetzt, um die C=C‐gekoppelten Produkte (31 Beispiele) in guten bis ausgezeichneten Ausbeuten (36–87 %) zu erhalten. DFT‐Studien wurden zur Aufklärung des Mechanismus dieser Alkenylierungsreaktion durchgeführt.
Triarylborane‐Catalyzed Alkenylation Reactions of Aryl Esters with Diazo Compounds
Authors: Dasgupta Ayan , Stefkova Katarína , Babaahmadi Rasool , Gierlichs Lukas , Ariafard Alireza , Melen Rebecca L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHerein we report a facile, mild reaction protocol to form carbon–carbon bonds in the absence of transition metal catalysts. We demonstrate the metal‐free alkenylation reactions of aryl esters with α‐diazoesters to give highly functionalized enyne products. Catalytic amounts of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (10–20 mol %) are employed to afford the C=C coupled products (31 examples) in good to excellent yields (36–87 %). DFT studies were used to elucidate the mechanism for this alkenylation reaction.
Recycling Treatment Plant Residuals: Concerns Beyond Pathogens
Authors: Duke Aaron W. , Roth Damon K. , Gross Mark , Jin Shanshan 
Published: June 2020

Key TakeawaysAs the practice of recycling water treatment residuals matures, additional contaminants beyond pathogens are becoming increasingly relevant to how facilities may recycle their residuals streams.Manganese recycling and residuals treatment will become more critical if the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) ultimately promulgates a primary drinking water regulation targeting manganese.If a facility implements onsite dewatering and subsequently recycles their residuals streams, they may need to reduce the polyacrylamide levels to comply with USEPA regulations.
Rethinking Causation for Data‐intensive Biology: Constraints, Cancellations, and Quantized Organisms
Authors: Brash Douglas E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractComplex organisms thwart the simple rectilinear causality paradigm of “necessary and sufficient,” with its experimental strategy of “knock down and overexpress.” This Essay organizes the eccentricities of biology into four categories that call for new mathematical approaches; recaps for the biologist the philosopher's recent refinements to the causation concept and the mathematician's computational tools that handle some but not all of the biological eccentricities; and describes overlooked insights that make causal properties of physical hierarchies such as emergence and downward causation straightforward. Reviewing and extrapolating from similar situations in physics, it is suggested that new mathematical tools for causation analysis incorporating feedback, signal cancellation, nonlinear dependencies, physical hierarchies, and fixed constraints rather than instigative changes will reveal unconventional biological behaviors. These include “eigenisms,” organisms that are limited to quantized states; trajectories that steer a system such as an evolving species toward optimal states; and medical control via distributed “sheets” rather than single control points.
Engineering slit‐like channels for studying the growth of epithelial tissues in 3D‐confined spaces
Authors: Alaimo Laura , Luciano Marine , Mohammed Danahe , Versaevel Marie , Bruyère Céline , Vercruysse Eléonore , Gabriele Sylvain 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of epithelial lumens in ducts is essential to the functioning of various organs and in organogenesis. Ductal elongation requires the collective migration of cell cohorts in three‐dimensional (3D) confined spaces, while maintaining their epithelial integrity. Epithelial lumens generally adopt circular morphologies, however abnormalities in complex physiological environments can lead to the narrowing of glandular spaces that adopt elongated and slit‐like morphologies. Here, we describe a simple method to form epithelial tissues in microchannels of various widths (100–300 µm) with a constant height of 25 µm that mimic elongated geometries of glandular spaces. The significance of this biomimetic platform has been evidenced by studying the migration of epithelial cell sheets inside these narrow slits of varying dimensions. We show that the growth of epithelial tissues in 3D‐confined slits leads to a gradient of cell density along the slit axis and that the migration cell velocity depends on the extent of the spatial confinement. Our findings indicate that nuclear orientation is higher for leader cells and depends on the slit width, whereas YAP protein was predominantly localized in the nucleus of leader cells. This method will pave the way to studies aiming at understanding how 3D‐confined spaces, which are reminiscent of in vivo pathological conditions, can affect the growth and the homeostasis of epithelial tissues.
Role of glycine 256 residue in improving the catalytic efficiency of mutant endoglucanase of family 5 glycoside hydrolase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SS35
Authors: Singh Shweta , Kumar Krishan , Nath Priyanka , Goyal Arun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWild‐type, BaGH5‐WT and mutant, BaGH5‐UV2 (aspartate residue mutated to glycine), endoglucanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5), from wild‐type, and UV2 mutant strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SS35, respectively, were earlier cloned in pHTP0 cloning vector. In this study, genes encoding BaGH5‐WT or BaGH5‐UV2 were cloned into pET28a(+) expression‐vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BL‐21(DE3)pLysS cells. BaGH5‐UV2 showed 10‐fold (43.6 U/mg) higher specific activity against carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC‐Na), higher optimal temperature by 10°C at 65°C, and 22‐fold higher catalytic efficiency against CMC‐Na, than BaGH5‐WT. BaGH5‐UV2 showed stability in wider acidic pH range (5.0–7.0) unlike BaGH5‐WT in narrow basic pH range (7.0–7.5). BaGH5‐UV2 displayed a mutation, Asp256Gly in L11 loop, connecting β6‐sheet with α6‐helix, near active site toward the domain surface of (α/β)8‐TIM barrel fold. Molecular dynamics simulation studies showed more stable structure, accessibility of substrate for a catalytic site, and increased flexibility of loop L11 of BaGH5‐UV2 than the wild type, suggesting enhanced catalysis by BaGH5‐UV2. Molecular docking analysis displayed enhanced hydrogen bond interactions of cello‐oligosaccharides with BaGH5‐UV2, unlike BaGH5‐WT. Thus, Gly256 residue of loop L11 plays an important role in enhancing catalytic efficiency, and pH stability of GH5 endoglucanase. Therefore, these results help in protein engineering of GH5 endoglucanase for improved biochemical properties.
Design and the technology acceptance model analysis of instructional mapping
Authors: Dai Zhicheng , Wang Mengting , Liu Sannyuya , Tang Liqiong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs a simple and effective tool of information integration, mind mapping can facilitate students' epistemic efficiency and improve teachers' pedagogical content knowledge, which can solve the problems being encountered in the reform of Chinese universities. To establish a systematic instructional method for mind mapping, this paper proposed a new instructional mode based on mind mapping and developed instructional mapping (IM), a classroom teaching software based on the starC system. The starC system is a cloud learning platform, which integrates learning resource, intelligent management, online community, and third‐party service. The starC system has been in use in 16 smart classrooms of Central China Normal University since 2017. However, it seems that many teachers prefer traditional instructional modes than IM. To determine the factors that can encourage teachers to accept IM, we carried out an empirical study based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). The external variables were school factors and student factors. School factors included evaluation and incentive systems. Student factors included students' interest in IM and their evaluation of teachers' use of IM. The empirical study was validated using survey data from 110 teachers. The findings in the TAM analysis revealed significant evidence in favor of the adoption of IM and provided theoretical and practical implications for teachers, school administrators, and instructional mode researchers and developers.
Evolution of students' interaction using a gamified virtual learning environment in an engineering course
Authors: Corvalán Benjamín , Recabarren Matías , Echeverría Alejandro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKeeping students engaged can improve their learning. Gamification is a technique that has been shown to improve engagement, transferring the positive effects of videogames. However, the mobile games industry has identified that player retention decreases quickly over time, but it is unclear if this decreasing retention pattern transfers to gamification activities. To check if the behavioral engagement was stable over a 14‐week engineering course, we gamified an existing virtual learning environment (VLE), conducting an observational study for two semesters. Actions performed by students within the VLE were used to measure behavioral engagement, which allows us to track student behavior weekly. To analyze the gamification effect, we divided user actions into two groups: academic and gamified. The results showed that the gamified actions performed by students in the VLE decreased every week, which was significantly higher than the decrease in academic actions. This shows that the decreasing retention pattern seen in mobile games was also present in this study. These results suggest that, just like in mobile games, to sustain the behavioral engagement over a long period of time in a gamified class, additional modern game‐design techniques should be considered.
First Ring‐Expanded Maytansin Lactone Accessed by a New Mutasynthetic Variant
Authors: Wesemann Friederike , Heutling Anja , Wienecke Paul , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA multiblocked mutant strain (ΔAHBA and Δasm12, asm21) of Actinosynnema pretiosum, the producer of the highly toxic maytansinoid ansamitocin, has been used for the mutasynthetic production of new proansamitocin derivatives. The use of mutant strains that are blocked in the biosynthesis of an early building block as well as in the expression of two tailoring enzymes broadens the scope of chemo‐biosynthetic access to new maytansinoids. Remarkably, a ring‐expanded macrolactone derived from ansamitocin was created for the first time.
How Students Think About Race: Exploring Racial Conceptions and Their Implications for Student Success Among Latino Male Community College Students
Authors: Abrica Elvira J. , Dorsten Amanda K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter describes the importance of students’ conceptualizations of race, defined as the abstract ideas that students have about race as well as how they express these ideas as influencing their own experience or that of the social identity group(s) to which they belong. Empirical findings from a study of racial conceptualization among Latino male community college students attending a 2‐year Hispanic Serving Institution in Southern California are presented. Implications of racial conceptualization for programmatic interventions and curriculum development are discussed.
The major constituents of rye (Secale cereale L.) flour and their role in the production of rye bread, a food product to which a multitude of health aspects are ascribed
Authors: Deleu Lomme J. , Lemmens Elien , Redant Lore , Delcour Jan A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRye (Secale cereale L.) is, second to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the most common cereal used for producing bread. Rye‐based breads are of great interest because of their high dietary fiber and lysine contents and because of their health effects. However, the bread‐making performance of rye flour is inferior to that of wheat flour.FindingsThis review summarizes the current knowledge about the major rye constituents (starch, proteins, and arabinoxylans), their role during bread making, and the potential health implications of rye bread consumption. Rye proteins play only a minor role during bread making, but their exact role remains insufficiently explored. In contrast to wheat proteins, they lack the ability to form a network with good gas‐retaining properties. The rye bread crumb structure is partly attributed to its starch and arabinoxylan polysaccharides. Both bind a lot of water, form networks, and bring about the rye bread structure.ConclusionsNevertheless, a better understanding of the role of rye starch, proteins, and arabinoxylans, their interactions, and their impact on dough structure or product quality still needs further exploration. In terms of health effects, EFSA has acknowledged that rye fiber contributes to normal bowel function. There are also indications that rye bread consumption has a number of positive effects such as reducing the risk of colon cancer and hunger feelings and cholesterol‐lowering effects. However, although beneficial health effects of rye‐bread consumption are shown, more research is needed.Significance and noveltyA literature search with the terms “rye” and “review” in Web of Science in April 2020 resulted in only six manuscripts. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge about the major rye constituents (starch, proteins, and arabinoxylans), their role during bread making, and the potential health implications of rye bread consumption.
Post‐thrombectomy intracranial blooming artifact
Authors: Coward John , Prier Jillian , Duda Julian , Yallapragada Anil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMechanical thrombectomy is a procedure used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in patients with large vessel occlusions. Usually with a low complication rate, we present a case with a complication post‐thrombectomy not previously described in the literature noted on imaging as “blooming artifact”.
Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Abundant Ferrites on N‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets as High‐Performance Li‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Yue Hailong , Ren Congying , Wang Guangming , Li Guihua , Jin Rencheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTransition metal oxides, as one of the most promising anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, often suffer from poor electronic conductivity and serious structural collapse. In this work, oxygen‐vacancy‐abundant CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 deposited on N‐doped carbon nanosheets are designed and fabricated through a calcination procedure and a solvothermal strategy using Zn‐hexamine coordination frameworks as precursors. The as‐prepared NC@CoFe2O4 and NC@NiFe2O4 hybrids display improved cycle performances and rate capacities compared with CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and Fe2O3. The enhanced lithium storage performances of NC@CoFe2O4 and NC@NiFe2O4 are attributed to the oxygen vacancies and conductive N‐doped carbon nanosheets, which increase the electronic conductivity and electrochemical reaction kinetics. The synthetic process in this work provides a new perspective for designing other high‐performance transition metal oxide anodes.
Dual‐Acting Small‐Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Mycobacterial DNA Replication
Authors: Singh Meenakshi , Ilic Stefan , Tam Benjamin , Ben‐Ishay Yesmin , Sherf Dror , Pappo Doron , Akabayov Barak 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogenic bacterium and a causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), a disease that kills more than 1.5 million people worldwide annually. One of the main reasons for this high mortality rate is the evolution of new Mtb strains that are resistant to available antibiotics. Therefore, new therapeutics for TB are in constant demand. Here, we report the development of small‐molecule inhibitors that target two DNA replication enzymes of Mtb, namely DnaG primase and DNA gyrase (Gyr), which share a conserved TOPRIM fold near the inhibitors’ binding site. The molecules were developed on the basis of previously reported inhibitors for T7 DNA primase that bind near the TOPRIM fold. To improve the physicochemical properties of the molecules as well as their inhibitory effect on primase and gyrase, 49 novel compounds have been synthesized as potential drug candidates in three stages of optimization. The last stage of chemical optimization yielded two novel inhibitors for both Mtb DnaG and Gyr that also showed inhibitory activity toward the fast‐growing non‐pathogenic model Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msmg).