bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/PVDF‐g‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/TiO2 mixed matrix nanofiltration membranes: preparation and characterization
Authors: Mahdavi Hossein , Mazinani Nouriyeh , Heidari Ali Akbar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐g‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and nano‐TiO2, as organic and inorganic additives, respectively, on the antifouling properties of PVDF nanofiltration membranes was studied. PVDF‐g‐PVP/TiO2 mixed matrix membranes were prepared using the phase inversion method. The PVDF‐g‐PVP was synthesized via the atom transfer radical polymerization technique and characterized using 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and TGA. The characterization of prepared membranes was carried out using SEM, field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR and contact angle analyses; and porosity, pure water flux, bovine serum albumin solution filtration and antifouling experiments were also studied. According to the results, the membranes could be successfully modified by using PVDF‐g‐PVP and nano‐TiO2 additives. The hydrophilicity of the modified membranes increased, leading to a decrease in contact angle values and an increase in water flux, pore size and porosity of the membranes. Furthermore, compared with neat PVDF membranes, the modified membranes showed high rejection (95.35%) of bovine serum albumin solution. The water flux recovery ratio of the modified membranes also reached 87.64%, indicating a considerable improvement in antifouling properties in comparison with the neat membrane. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Priorities for service improvement in personality disorder in Australia: Perspectives of consumers, carers and clinicians
Authors: Ng Fiona , Townsend Michelle L. , Jewell Mahlie , Marceau Ely M. , Grenyer Brin F.S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundImprovements to service provision for personality disorder has been predominately explored through the perspectives of clinicians, with limited understanding of the views of consumers and carers. The aim of the present study was to understand the priorities for service improvement through multiple perspectives.MethodTwelve roundtables, with a total of 53 consumers, clinicians and carers, discussed how organizations could improve service provision for people with personality disorder and completed a questionnaire on current and optimal service provision. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify the priorities for service improvement, and we aimed to identify differences between what participants currently receive and what they believe to be optimal.ResultsFour priorities were identified: (1) increasing consumer, carer and peer involvement in care, (2) re‐orienting approaches to service provision, (3) improving access and accessibility of treatment and (4) building the capacity of services. Participants were more likely to receive individual or group treatment alone, yet believed combined individual and group treatment to be optimal. Significantly, more participants believed that long‐term treatment was optimal.ConclusionA shift in focus from establishing a consistent approach to servicing, to focusing on holistic care that involves consumers and carers in care, is required. © 2020 The Authors Personality and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
The many faces and outcomes of pulmonary vein stenosis in early childhood
Authors: Humpl Tilman , Fineman Jeffrey , Qureshi Athar M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPulmonary vein stenosis is a rare and poorly understood condition causing obstruction of the large pulmonary veins and of blood flow from the lungs to the left atrium. This results in elevated pulmonary venous pressure and pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, potentially cardiac failure, and death. Clinical signs of the disease include failure to thrive, increasingly severe dyspnea, hemoptysis, respiratory difficulty, recurrent respiratory tract infections/pneumonia, cyanosis, and subcostal retractions. On chest radiograph, the most frequent finding is increased interstitial, ground‐glass and/or reticular opacity. Transthoracic echocardiography with pulsed Doppler delineates the stenosis, magnetic resonance imaging and multislice computerized tomography are used for further evaluation. Interventional cardiac catherization, surgical techniques, and medical therapies have been used with varying success as treatment options.
Solanum palinacanthum: broad‐spectrum resistance to root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)
Authors: Murata Gaku , Uesugi Kenta , Uehara Taketo , Kumaishi Kie , Ichihashi Yasunori , Saito Takeo , Shinmura Yoshimi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRoot‐knot nematodes (RKN, Meloidogyne spp.) are harmful phytophagous pests of Solanum spp. Some RKN species are becoming worldwide problems because of their virulence to RKN‐resistant Solanum species. A new Solanum species carrying broad‐spectrum resistance to Meloidogyne spp. is required for the effective management of this pest. Here we sought to determine the host suitability of RKN to Solanum palinacanthum, a wild Solanum species, and to evaluate its potential effectiveness in RKN management.RESULTSWe identified an RKN‐resistant Solanum species, S. palinacanthum, by screening Solanum accessions. We tested its spectrum of resistance to common Meloidogyne spp. in Japan. In pot tests inoculated with second‐stage juveniles, S. palinacanthum showed poor host suitability for Melidogyne incognita, M. arenaria genotypes A2‐J and A2‐O, M. javanica and M. hapla, indicating broad‐spectrum resistance to RKN. The development of M. incognita within S. palinacanthum roots was significantly poorer than that in susceptible S. melongena and S. lycopersicum at 10 and 21 days after inoculation. Microplot tests confirmed that the number of second‐stage juveniles in plots where S. palinacanthum grew and root galling of the root system were significantly lower than those of susceptible S. melongena, suggesting that the resistance could be used to manage RKN under field conditions.CONCLUSIONS. palinacanthum showed poor host suitability to all Meloidogyne spp. tested in this study, and it thus has the potential to be used as a genetic resource with broad‐spectrum RKN resistance, and it could be effective against multiple RKN species in a field. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Review: amino acid biosynthesis as a target for herbicide development
Authors: Hall Cody J , Mackie Emily RR , Gendall Anthony R , Perugini Matthew A , Soares da Costa Tatiana P 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere are three amino acid biosynthesis pathways that are targeted by current herbicides, namely those leading to the production of aromatic amino acids, branched chain amino acids and glutamine. However, their efficacy is diminishing as a result of the increasing number of resistant weeds. Indeed, resistance to most classes of herbicides is on the rise, posing a significant threat to the utility of current herbicides to sustain effective weed management. This review provides an overview of potential herbicide targets within amino acid biosynthesis that remain unexploited commercially, and recent inhibitor discovery efforts. Despite contemporary approaches to herbicide discovery, such as chemical repurposing and the use of omics technologies, there have been no new products introduced to the market that inhibit amino acid biosynthesis over the past three decades. This highlights the chasm that exists between identifying a potent inhibitor and introducing a commercial herbicide. The unpredictability of a mode of action at the systemic level, as well as poor physicochemical properties, often contribute to a lack of progression beyond the target inhibition stage. Nevertheless, it will be important to overcome these obstacles for the development of new herbicides to protect our agricultural industry and ensure food security for an increasing world population. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Mini‐review: recent advances in the identification and application of sex pheromones of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Xu Liu , Xie Yong , Na Risong , Li Qing X 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMost gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) are cryptic agricultural pests. These tiny insects are prone to lurk in cargoes and spread over long distances. Their larvae feed in plant tissues, so their infestations are imperceptible until crop damage and economic loss appear. The application of sex pheromones is an efficient method with which to monitor and manage gall midges. The present review focuses on recent advances in the accurate identification of gall midge sex pheromones based on rapidly evolving analytical techniques and their use in field trials in integrated pest management. To date, sex pheromones from 19 species of gall midges have been identified and reported, and sex pheromone‐based monitoring systems have been developed and commercialized for at least ten gall midge species. All monitoring systems were tested in various experiments with a modicum of success. In addition to further studies of sex pheromones, identification of plant‐derived volatiles may offer potentials for the manipulation of behavioral response of gall midges, which can be used in dispensers for surveillance and control purposes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of physiological and biochemical effects of two Sophora alopecuroides alkaloids on pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Ma Ting , Shi Xiaoling , Ma Shujie , Ma Zhiqing , Zhang Xing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSophora alopecuroides alkaloids are the main constituents for the broad bioactivities on insect pests, especially on aphids. However, the aphicidal mode of action of S. alopecuroides alkaloids remains unclear. To clarify the aphicidal action, avermectin was selected as a positive control, and matrine, sophocarpine were chosen as the representative alkaloids to determine the physiological and biochemical effects on pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum).RESULTSThe aphids treated by matrine and sophocarpine developed the intoxication symptoms of convulsions, paralysis, and death. However, avermectin showed no convulsions. Moreover, the two alkaloids had a significant inducing effect on glutamic acid decarboxylase, and the specific enzyme activity was 1.14–1.22 times of the control group. In the meanwhile, both matrine and sophocarpine possessed a dose‐response and time‐response inhibitory effect on alanine aminotransferase in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the glutamate content in pea aphids treated with the two alkaloids increased significantly with time, which was about 1.5–2.0 times that of the control group. Similarly, the GABA content elevated significantly, with an increase of 1.0–1.3 times. In addition, all the treatments, except avermectin, presented inhibitory effects on Na+, K+‐ATPase, Ca2+ and Mg2+‐ATPase, with dose‐response and time‐response effect. However, the three treatments had no significant effect on acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine content.CONCLUSIONThe toxicological action of matrine and sophocarpine is related to the regulation on glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid systems and has certain similarities to that of avermectin. These findings would provide a basis for further mechanism elucidation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Inheritance of polygenic but stable pyriproxyfen resistance in a bio‐control agent Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): cross‐resistance and realized heritability
Authors: Mansoor Muhammad Mudassir , Shad Sarfraz Ali 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDChrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a voracious predator frequently used in biological control programs to suppress pest populations of economic importance. However, it performs its duty in a challenging environment where various stress factors such as non‐target effects of insecticides limit expected outcomes. A study providing details of genetics, cross‐resistance, realized heritability, and stability of insect growth regulators (IGRs) resistance such as pyriproxyfen in this bio‐control agent is essential.RESULTSSelection with pyriproxyfen, an IGR, resulted in 3092.10‐fold and 39.60‐fold resistance when judged against Susceptible and Field Pop, respectively. Very low cross‐resistance to buprofezin while no cross‐resistance to acetamiprid and spinosad was observed. Incompletely dominant, autosomal and polygenic resistance was also associated with high realized heritability (h2 = 0.35). Furthermore, resistance to pyriproxyfen was stable in this bio‐control agent.CONCLUSIONThese findings make Chrysoperla carnea an ideal fit in integrated pest management (IPM) programs where biological control approaches are employed in combination with IGRs sprays to control various insect pests especially Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Releasing pyriproxyfen‐resistant Chrysoperla carnea in a multi‐sprayed cropping environment would help to keep pest population below economic threshold level. It would also minimize risk of insecticide resistance development in pests surviving even after several insecticide applications. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A compatible finite‐element discretisation for the moist compressible Euler equations
Authors: Bendall Thomas M. , Gibson Thomas H. , Shipton Jemma , Cotter Colin J. , Shipway Ben 
Published: June 2020

A promising development of the last decade in the numerical modelling of geophysical fluids has been the compatible finite‐element framework. Indeed, this will form the basis for the next‐generation dynamical core of the Met Office. For this framework to be useful for numerical weather prediction models, it must be able to handle descriptions of unresolved and diabatic processes. These processes offer a challenging test for any numerical discretisation, and have not yet been described within the compatible finite‐element framework. The main contribution of this article is to extend a discretisation using this new framework to include moist thermodynamics. Our results demonstrate that discretisations within the compatible finite‐element framework can be robust enough also to describe moist atmospheric processes.We describe our discretisation strategy, including treatment of moist processes, and present two configurations of the model using different sets of function spaces with different degrees of finite element. The performance of the model is demonstrated through several test cases. Two of these test cases are new cloudy‐atmosphere variants of existing test cases: inertia–gravity waves in a two‐dimensional vertical slice and a three‐dimensional rising thermal.
User decisions, and how these could guide developments in probabilistic forecasting
Authors: Rodwell M. J. , Hammond J. , Thornton S. , Richardson D. S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigate how users combine objective probabilities with their own subjective feelings when deciding how to act on weather forecast information. Results are based on two scenarios investigated at a Live Science event held by the Royal Meteorological Society. When deciding whether to go to the beach with the possibility of warm, dry weather, we find that users attempt to identify their ‘Bayes Action’: the one which minimises their expected negative feeling or utility. Key factors are the ‘thrill’ of a nice day at the beach and the ‘pain’ of coping with, for example, children in wet weather, and the costs of travel. The users' threshold probabilities for deciding to go to the beach thus approximately define their distribution of cost/loss ratios. This is used to calculate a ‘User Brier Score’ (UBS): a measure of the overall utility to society, and which could be used to guide forecast system development. When applied to operational ensemble forecasts issued by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) over the period 1995–2018, the UBS tends to be higher (i.e., worse) than the Brier Score, largely because users tended not to exhibit high cost/loss ratios. When deciding whether to leave a campsite in the face of potentially dangerous gales, users try to find a balance between the ‘regret’ of serious injury and the ‘pain’ of spoiling an enjoyable holiday. Some users decide to stay even at high probabilities of serious consequences – partly due to a lack of experience. On the other hand, forecasts suffer from ‘complete misses’ – where probabilities of zero are accompanied by non‐negligible outcome frequencies. These dominate the overall Brier Score. The frequency of complete misses halved over the period 1995–2018: a welcome improvement for users who do wish to avoid danger at low probabilities.
Local energy decomposition of coupled‐cluster interaction energies: Interpretation, benchmarks, and comparison with symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory
Authors: Altun Ahmet , Izsák Róbert , Bistoni Giovanni 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLocal energy decomposition analysis provides a breakdown of the domain‐based local pair natural orbital CCSD(T) [DLPNO‐CCSD(T)] energy into additive contributions representing the interaction between pairs of user‐defined fragments. Each of these fragment‐pairwise components can be further decomposed into a sum of physically meaningful terms, such as electrostatics, dispersion, and exchange. In this study, the dependence of such energy terms on the basis set size, the approximations used for the two‐electron integrals, and the localization scheme used for the virtual orbitals have been carefully evaluated on the interaction energies of the S66 benchmark set. A comparison with the energy components obtained at the SAPT2 + (3)δMP2 level of Symmetry‐Adapted Perturbation Theory is also provided.
Increased tumour burden alters skeletal muscle properties in the KPC mouse model of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Vohra Ravneet , Campbell Matthew D. , Park Joshua , Whang Stella , Gravelle Kayla , Wang Yak‐Nam , Hwang Joo‐Ha , Marcinek David J. , Lee Donghoon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia is a multifactorial wasting syndrome that is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and weakness, which compromises physical function, reduces quality of life, and ultimately can lead to mortality. Experimental models of cancer cachexia have recapitulated this skeletal muscle atrophy and consequent decline in muscle force‐generating capacity. We address these issues in a novel transgenic mouse model Kras, Trp53, and Pdx‐1‐Cre (KPC) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using multi‐parametric magnetic resonance measures.MethodsKPC mice (n = 10) were divided equally into two groups (n = 5 per group) depending on the size of the tumour, that is, tumour size <250 and >250 mm3. Using multi‐parametric magnetic resonance measures, we demonstrated the changes in the gastrocnemius muscle at the microstructural level. In addition, we evaluated skeletal muscle contractile function in KPC mice using an in vivo approach.ResultsIncrease in tumour size resulted in decrease in gastrocnemius maximum cross‐sectional area, decrease in T2 relaxation time, increase in magnetization transfer ratio, decrease in mean diffusivity, and decrease in radial diffusivity of water across the muscle fibres. Finally, we detected significant decrease in absolute and specific force production of gastrocnemius muscle with increase in tumour size.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that increase in tumour size may cause alterations in structural and functional parameters of skeletal muscles and that MR parameters may be used as sensitive biomarkers to non‐invasively detect structural changes in cachectic muscles.
Computer‐aided porous implant design for cranio‐maxillofacial defect restoration
Authors: Wang Enpeng , Shi Haochen , Sun Yi , Politis Constantinus , Lan Lin , Chen Xiaojun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe porous structure of the implant contributes significantly to prosthetic osseointegration in cranio‐maxillofacial defect repair surgeries. This study establishes a system called EasyImplant that can easily and efficiently design customized cranio‐maxillofacial implant with porous structure. Healthy side of the skull model is used to obtain the initial implant model on defective side by mirroring method. According to the curvature of undamaged surface, the initial model can be adjusted and repaired. Based on the initial implant model, porous implant structure can be generated efficiently using create sample points, distance Field and marching Cube algorithms. Finally, the connection plate is obtained through surface extruding and model merging. With EasyImplant, a complete porous implant model can be designed in a short time. The proposed methods can contribute to shorten the period of facial implant designing and reduce the incidence of surgical infection.
Flexible And Recyclable PPy‐TiO2@WO3 Photocatalyst Supported By Cellulose Aerogel Beads
Authors: Wu Keliang , Li Bingke , Dong Xuejun , Wu Pengcheng , Sun Kenan , Yang Shengchao , Wu Jianning , Hou Juan , Liu Zhiyong , Guo Xuhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPy)‐TiO2@WO3 catalyst supposed by cellulose aerogel beads was synthesized using inverse suspension crosslinking approach. The resulting particles were small and well‐crystallized according to scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The efficiency of the resulting photocatalysis was tested relative to degradation of tetraethylated rhodamine (RhB), which was judged by solution discoloration and also by RhB content decrease. Excellent photocatalytic activity of cellulose aerogel (CE)‐PPy‐TiO2@WO3 beads was attributed to the synergy between TiO2 and WO3, which widened material absorption bandedge and improved migration efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes. Presence of black PPy widened absorption band edge further promoting photogenerated electron and hole separation. More importantly, presence of macro‐porous CE increased optical absorption of this composite photocatalyst and helped photocatalyst to retain its structural integrity during repeated recycling. If needed, photocatalyst can be easily removed from the reaction solution to prevent secondary pollution. Our complex CE‐PPy‐TiO2@WO3 bead‐like photocatalyst also demonstrated good mechanical strength and excellent flexibility, which allowed it to be folded and bent. We proposed photocatalytic mechanisms responsible for processes involving CE‐PPy‐TiO2@WO3 beads, understanding of which will help to improve the photocatalytic performance of this material even further. Catalysts based on CE‐PPy‐TiO2@WO3 beads can be used in complex environments and small spaces because of their flexibility and recyclability. It might be especially useful for applications in difficult‐to‐reach places (for example sandy places or narrow openings), in which it is difficult to place or recover a catalyst.
Metal‐Organic Framework Based on an Anthracene Tetracarboxylate Ligand and Cadmium or Cobalt: Synthesis, Structure Analysis, Stability and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Aleksovska Angela , Zaake‐Hertling Haldor , Lönnecke Peter , Schwarze Benedikt , Gräsing Daniel , Matysik Jörg , Blömer Laura , Kersting Berthold , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks, a class of porous polymeric materials, are presenting a development on the interface between molecular coordination chemistry and materials science and are becoming one of the hottest research topics in chemistry. Two new metal‐organic frameworks, [M’2{Co3(ACTBA)2}]n (1; M’=monocation) and [(NH2Et2)2{Cd3(ACTBA)2}]n (2) (H4ACTBA=2,6,9,10‐tetrakis(p‐carboxyphenyl)anthracene), composed of trinuclear Co or Cd moieties connected by anthracene tetracarboxylate ligands are presented here, which are highly stable on removal of solvent inside the pores. The synthesis, X‐ray structure analysis, NMR spectroscopy (for 2), chemical and thermal stability, and magnetic properties (for 1) are discussed.