bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa intercultural a través del trabajo con una obra literaria
Authors: Ramírez Espinosa Alexander , Colmenares Rodríguez Sol , Castellanos Marcela 
Published: October 2019

Este artículo reporta una experiencia de creación de materiales para el abordaje de una obra literaria en un curso de inglés avanzado, y propone una reflexión sobre los elementos que se pueden tener en cuenta para la promoción y desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa intercultural (CCI) a partir de la literatura. Para tal fin se analizó un material compuesto por 84 actividades diseñado para guiar la lectura de la novela Americanah, de Chimamanda Adichie (2014). Las reflexiones a partir de tal análisis ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de que los docentes estudien con detenimiento sus prácticas de creación de materiales, de manera que identifiquen propósitos, posturas ideológicas implícitas y oportunidades pedagógicas para la promoción de la CCI.
Las estrategias de profesionalización de las campañas presidenciales en Colombia desde 1994-2014
Authors: Restrepo Echavarría Néstor Julián , Gómez Restrepo Ángela María 
Published: October 2019

El propósito de este artículo es analizar una creciente modernización y adaptación del modelo norteamericano en las campañas presidenciales en Colombia desde 1994 hasta la campaña presidencial de 2014.
Todo proceso electoral tiene unas características particulares en las que se evidencia el impacto que tiene el sistema político de cada país sobre la organización interna y externa de las campañas electorales, las cuales se estructuran a partir del aprovechamiento de factores o técnicas de profesionalización, con el objetivo de lograr el mayor número de votantes.
Para entender este fenómeno se medirá el nivel de profesionalización de las campañas presidenciales en Colombia a partir de establecer unas categorías de análisis que permitan describir y comparar el desarrollo y evolución de las técnicas que incorpora cada campaña, lo que posibilitará establecer una comparación del nivel de profesionalización.
Conditions for Rigid and Flat Foldability of Degree-n Vertices in Origami
Authors: Zimmermann Luca , Shea Kristina , Stanković Tino 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In rigid origami, the complex folding motion arises from the rotation of strictly rigid faces around crease lines that represent perfect revolute joints. The rigid folding motion of an origami crease pattern is collectively determined by the kinematics of its individual vertices. Establishing a kinematic model and determining the conditions for the rigid foldability of a single vertex is thus important to exploit rigid origami in engineering design tasks. Today, there exists neither an efficient kinematic model to determine the unknown dihedral angles nor an intrinsic condition for the rigid foldability of arbitrarily complex vertices of degree n. In this paper, we present the principle of three units (PTU) that provides an efficient approach to modeling the kinematics of single degree-n vertices. The PTU is based on the notion that the kinematics of a vertex is determined by the behavior of a single underlying spherical triangle. The condition for the existence of this triangle leads to the condition for the rigid and flat foldability of degree-n vertices. These findings are transferred from single vertices to crease patterns, resulting in a simple rule to generate kinematically determinate crease patterns that can be designed to fold rigidly. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the PTU with respect to the global rigid foldability of a crease pattern.
Detrital zircon geochronology along a structural transect across the Kahiltna assemblage in the western Alaska Range: Implications for emplacement of the Alexander-Wrangellia-Peninsular terrane against North America
Authors: Box Stephen E. , Karl Susan M. , Jones James V. , Bradley Dwight C. , Haeussler Peter J. , O’Sullivan Paul B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Kahiltna assemblage in the western Alaska Range consists of deformed Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous clastic strata that lie between the Alexander-Wrangellia-Peninsular terrane to the south and the Farewell and other pericratonic terranes to the north. Differences in detrital zircon populations and sandstone petrography allow geographic separation of the strata into two different successions, each consisting of multiple units, or petrofacies, with distinct provenance and lithologic characteristics. The northwestern succession was largely derived from older, inboard pericratonic terranes and correlates along strike to the southwest with the Kuskokwim Group. The southeastern succession is characterized by volcanic and plutonic rock detritus derived from Late Jurassic igneous rocks of the Alexander-Wrangellia-Peninsular terrane and mid- to Late Cretaceous arc-related igneous rocks and is part of a longer belt to the southwest and northeast, here named the Koksetna-Clearwater belt. The two successions remained separate depositional systems until the Late Cretaceous, when the northwestern succession overlapped the southeastern succession at ca. 81 Ma. They were deformed together ca. 80 Ma by southeast-verging fold-and-thrust–style deformation interpreted to represent final accretion of the Alexander-Wrangellia-Peninsular terrane along the southern Alaska margin. We interpret the tectonic evolution of the Kahiltna successions as a progression from forearc sedimentation and accretion in a south-facing continental magmatic arc to arrival and partial underthrusting of the back-arc flank of an active, south-facing island-arc system (Alexander-Wrangellia-Peninsular terrane). A modern analogue is the ongoing collision and partial underthrusting of the Izu-Bonin-Marianas island arc beneath the Japan Trench–Nankai Trough on the east side of central Japan.
Comparison of fracture risk using different supplemental doses of vitamin D, calcium or their combination: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Hu Zhi-Chao , Tang Qian , Sang Chang-Min , Tang Li , Li Xiaobin , Zheng Gang , Feng Zhen-Hua , Xuan Jiang-Wei , Shen Zhi-Hao , Shen Li-Yan , Ni Wen-Fei , Wu Ai-Min 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveInconsistent findings in regard to association between different concentrations of vitamin D, calcium or their combination and the risk of fracture have been reported during the past decade in community-dwelling older people. This study was designed to compare the fracture risk using different concentrations of vitamin D, calcium or their combination.DesignA systematic review and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesRandomised controlled trials in PubMed, Cochrane library and Embase databases were systematically searched from the inception dates to 31 December 2017.OutcomesTotal fracture was defined as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were hip fracture and vertebral fracture. Due to the consistency of the original studies, a consistency model was adopted.ResultsA total of 25 randomised controlled trials involving 43 510 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There was no evidence that the risk of total fracture was reduced using different concentrations of vitamin D, calcium or their combination compared with placebo or no treatment. No significant associations were found between calcium, vitamin D, or combined calcium and vitamin D supplements and the incidence of hip or vertebral fractures.ConclusionsThe use of supplements that included calcium, vitamin D or both was not found to be better than placebo or no treatment in terms of risk of fractures among community-dwelling older adults. It means the routine use of these supplements in community-dwelling older people should be treated more carefully.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017079624.
Systematic review protocol on Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) revaccination and protection against tuberculosis
Authors: Mahasha Phetole Walter , Ndwandwe Duduzile Edith , Mavundza Edison Johannes , Shey Muki , Wiysonge Charles Shey 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis(M.TB) and other species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Globally, TB is ranked as the ninth leading cause of death and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. The bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has been used globally since 1921 for the prevention of TB in humans, and was derived from an attenuated strain ofMycobacterium bovis. Evidence from previous randomised trials show that the efficacy of primary BCG vaccination against pulmonary TB ranged from no protection to very high protection. In addition, some studies suggest a benefit of BCG revaccination. For example, a recent trial conducted in South Africa showed that BCG revaccination of adolescents could reduce the risk of TB infection by half. However, we are not aware of any recent systematic reviews of the effects of BCG revaccination. Thus, the need for this systematic review of the effects of BCG revaccination on protection against TB infection and disease.Method and analysisWe will search PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and reference lists of relevant publications for potentially eligible studies. We will screen search outputs, select eligible studies, extract data and assess risk of bias in duplicate. Discrepancies will be resolved by discussion and consensus or arbitration. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method to assess the certainty of the evidence. The planned systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in August 2018.Ethics and disseminationPublicly available data will be used, hence no formal ethical approval will be required for this review. The findings of the review will be disseminated through conference presentations and publication in an open-access peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018105916
Investigating imaging network markers of cognitive dysfunction and pharmacoresistance in newly diagnosed epilepsy: a protocol for an observational cohort study in the UK
Authors: de Bézenac Christophe , Garcia-Finana Marta , Baker Gus , Moore Perry , Leek Nicola , Mohanraj Rajiv , Bonilha Leonardo , Richardson Mark , Marson Anthony Guy , Keller Simon 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionEpilepsy is one of the most common serious brain disorders, characterised by seizures that severely affect a person’s quality of life and, frequently, their cognitive and mental health. Although most existing work has examined chronic epilepsy, newly diagnosed patients present a unique opportunity to understand the underlying biology of epilepsy and predict effective treatment pathways. The objective of this prospective cohort study is to examine whether cognitive dysfunction is associated with measurable brain architectural and connectivity impairments at diagnosis and whether the outcome of antiepileptic drug treatment can be predicted using these measures.Methods and analysis107 patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy from two National Health Service Trusts and 48 healthy controls (aged 16–65 years) will be recruited over a period of 30 months. Baseline assessments will include neuropsychological evaluation, structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), and a blood and saliva sample. Patients will be followed up every 6 months for a 24-month period to assess treatment outcomes. Connectivity- and network-based analyses of EEG and MRI data will be carried out and examined in relation to neuropsychological evaluation and patient treatment outcomes. Patient outcomes will also be investigated with respect to analysis of molecular isoforms of high mobility group box-1 from blood and saliva samples.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the North West, Liverpool East Research Ethics Committee (19/NW/0384) through the Integrated Research Application System (Project ID 260623). Health Research Authority (HRA) approval was provided on 22 August 2019. The project is sponsored by the UoL (UoL001449) and funded by a UK Medical Research Council (MRC) research grant (MR/S00355X/1). Findings will be presented at national and international meetings and conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberIRAS Project ID 260623.
Improving the quality of care for patients with or at risk of atrial fibrillation: an improvement initiative in UK general practices
Authors: Adeleke Yewande , Matthew Dionne , Porter Bradley , Woodcock Thomas , Yap Jayne , Hashmy Sophia , Mathew Ammu , Grant Ron , Kaba Agnes , Unger-Graeber Brigitte , Khan Sadia , Bell Derek , Cowie Martin R 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a growing problem internationally and a recognised cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The London borough of Hounslow has a lower than expected prevalence of AF, suggesting poor detection and associated undertreatment. To improve AF diagnosis and management, a quality improvement (QI) initiative was set up in 48 general practices in Hounslow. We aimed to study whether there was evidence of a change in AF diagnosis and management in Hounslow following implementation of interventions in this QI initiative.MethodsUsing the general practice information system (SystmOne), data were retrospectively collected for 415 626 patients, who were actively registered at a Hounslow practice between 1 January 2011 and 31 August 2018. Process, outcome and balancing measures were analysed using statistical process control and interrupted time series regression methods. The baseline period was from 1 January 2011 to 30 September 2014 and the intervention period was from 1 October 2014 to 31 August 2018.ResultsWhen comparing the baseline to the intervention period, (1) the rate of new AF diagnoses increased by 27% (relative risk 1.27; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.52; p<0.01); (2) ECG tests done for patients aged 60 and above increased; (3) CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED risk assessments within 30 days of AF diagnosis increased from 1.7% to 19% and 0.2% to 8.1%, respectively; (4) among those at higher risk of stroke, anticoagulation prescription within 30 days of AF diagnosis increased from 31% to 63% while prescription of antiplatelet monotherapy within the same time period decreased from 17% to 7.1%; and (5) average CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED risk scores did not change.ConclusionImplementation of interventions in the Hounslow QI initiative coincided with improved AF diagnosis and management. Areas with perceived underdetection of AF should consider similar interventions and methodology.
Smokeless tobacco, snus, at admission for percutaneous coronary intervention and future risk for cardiac events
Authors: Frobert Ole , Reitan Christian , Hatsukami Dorothy K , Pernow John , Omerovic Elmir , Andell Pontus 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the risk of future death and cardiac events following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients using smokeless tobacco, snus, compared with patients not using snus at admission for a first PCI.MethodsThe Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry is a prospective registry on coronary diagnostic procedures and interventions. A total of 74 958 patients admitted for a first PCI were enrolled between 2009 and 2018, 6790 snus users and 68 168 not using snus. We used Cox proportional hazards regression for statistical modelling on imputed datasets as well as complete-case datasets.ResultsPatients using snus were younger (mean (SD) age 61.0 (±10.2) years) than patients not using snus (67.6 (±11.1), p<0.001) and more often male (95.4% vs 67.4%, p<0.001). After multivariable adjustment, snus use was not associated with the primary composite outcome of all-cause mortality, new coronary revascularisation or new hospitalisation for heart failure at 1 year (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.05). In patients using snus at baseline who underwent a second PCI (n=1443), the duration from the index intervention was shorter for subjects who continued using snus (n=921, 63.8%) compared with subjects who had stopped (mean number of days 285 vs 406, p value=0.001).ConclusionsSnus use at admission for a first PCI was not associated with a higher occurrence of all-cause mortality, new revascularisation or heart failure hospitalisation. Discontinuing snus after a first PCI was associated with a significantly longer duration to a subsequent PCI.
Effect of short-term, high-intensity exercise training on human skeletal muscle citrate synthase maximal activity: single versus multiple bouts per session
Authors: MacInnis Martin J. , Skelly Lauren E. , Godkin F. Elizabeth , Martin Brian J. , Tripp Thomas R. , Tarnopolsky Mark A. , Gibala Martin J. 
Published: October 2019

The legs of 9 men (age 21 ± 2 years, 45 ± 4 mL/(kg·min)) were randomly assigned to complete 6 sessions of high-intensity exercise training, involving either one or four 5-min bouts of counterweighted, single-leg cycling. Needle biopsies from vastus lateralis revealed that citrate synthase maximal activity increased after training in the 4-bout group (p = 0.035) but not the 1-bout group (p = 0.10), with a significant difference between groups post-training (13%, p = 0.021). Novelty Short-term training using brief intense exercise requires multiple bouts per session to increase mitochondrial content in human skeletal muscle.
A new class of compact stellar model compatible with observational data
Authors: Das Shyam , Rahaman Farook , Baskey Lipi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, a physically reasonable metric potential $$g_{rr}$$grr and a specific choice of the anisotropy has been utilized to obtain closed-form solutions of the Einstein field equation for a spherically symmetric anisotropic matter distribution. This class of solution has been used to develop viable models for observed pulsars. Smooth matching of interior spacetime metric with the exterior Schwarzschild metric and utilizing the condition that radial pressure is zero across the boundary leads us to determine the model parameters. A particular pulsar $$4U1820-30$$4U1820-30 having current estimated mass and radius ($$mass=1.58 M_\odot $$mass=1.58M⊙ and $$radius=9.1$$radius=9.1 km) has been allowed for testing the physical acceptability of the developed model. The gross physical nature of the observed pulsar has been analyzed graphically. The stability of the model is also discussed given causality conditions, adiabatic index and generalized Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov (TOV) equation under the forces acting on the system. To show that this model is compatible with observational data, few more pulsars have been considered, and all the requirements of a realistic star are highlighted. Additionally, the mass-radius (M–R) relationship of compact stellar objects analyzed for this model. The maximum mass for the presented model is $$\approx 4M_\odot $$≈4M⊙ which is compared with the realization of Rhoades and Ruffini (Phys Rev Lett 32:324, 1974).
Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy: A review of the efforts towards molecular targeting of tumor vasculature
Authors: Mashayekhi Vida , Op 't Hoog Charlotte , Oliveira Sabrina 
Published: October 2019

The therapeutic value of vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) for cancer has already been recognized in the clinic: TOOKAD®has been clinically approved in Europe and Israel for treatment of men with low-risk prostate cancer. When light is applied shortly after intravenous administration of the photosensitizer, the damage is primarily done to the vasculature. This results in vessel constriction, blood flow stasis, and thrombus formation. Subsequently, the tumor is killed due to oxygen and nutrient deprivation. To further increase treatment specificity and to reduce undesired side effects such as damaging to the surrounding healthy tissues, efforts have been made to selectively target the PS to the tumor vasculature, an approach named molecular targeted VTP (molVTP). Several receptors have already been explored for this approach, namely CD13, CD276, Extra domains of fibronectin (A, B), Integrin [Formula: see text]v[Formula: see text]3, Neuropilin-1, Nucleolin, PDGFR[Formula: see text], tissue factor, and VEGFR-2, which are overexpressed on tumor vasculature. Preclinical studies have shown promising results, further encouraging the investigation and future application of molVTP, to improve selectivity and efficacy of cancer treatment. This strategy will hopefully lead to even more selective treatments for many cancer patients.
BRCA1 Deficiency Upregulates NNMT, Which Reprograms Metabolism and Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Cells to Mitochondrial Metabolic Targeting Agents
Authors: Kanakkanthara Arun , Kurmi Kiran , Ekstrom Thomas L. , Hou Xiaonan , Purfeerst Emma R. , Heinzen Ethan P. , Correia Cristina , Huntoon Catherine J. , O'Brien Daniel , Wahner Hendrickson Andrea E. , Dowdy Sean C. , Li Hu , Oberg Ann L. , Hitosugi Taro , Kaufmann Scott H. , Weroha S. John , Karnitz Larry M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

BRCA1 plays a key role in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair. Accordingly, changes that downregulate BRCA1, including BRCA1 mutations and reduced BRCA1 transcription, due to promoter hypermethylation or loss of the BRCA1 transcriptional regulator CDK12, disrupt HR in multiple cancers. In addition, BRCA1 has also been implicated in the regulation of metabolism. Here, we show that reducing BRCA1 expression, either by CDK12 or BRCA1 depletion, led to metabolic reprogramming of ovarian cancer cells, causing decreased mitochondrial respiration and reduced ATP levels. BRCA1 depletion drove this reprogramming by upregulating nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). Notably, the metabolic alterations caused by BRCA1 depletion and NNMT upregulation sensitized ovarian cancer cells to agents that inhibit mitochondrial metabolism (VLX600 and tigecycline) and to agents that inhibit glucose import (WZB117). These observations suggest that inhibition of energy metabolism may be a potential strategy to selectively target BRCA1-deficient high-grade serous ovarian cancer, which is characterized by frequent BRCA1 loss and NNMT overexpression.

Significance:
Loss of BRCA1 reprograms metabolism, creating a therapeutically targetable vulnerability in ovarian cancer.