bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical abundances of Seyfert 2 AGNs – II. N2 metallicity calibration based on SDSS
Authors: Carvalho S P , Dors O L , Cardaci M V , Hägele G F , Krabbe A C , Pérez-Montero E , Monteiro A F , Armah M , Freitas-Lemes P 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a semi-empirical calibration between the metallicity (Z) of Seyfert 2 active galactic nuclei and the N2 = log([N ii]λ6584/H α) emission-line intensity ratio. This calibration was derived through the [O iii]λ5007/[O ii]λ3727 versus N2 diagram containing observational data and photoionization model results obtained with the cloudy code. The observational sample consists of 463 confirmed Seyfert 2 nuclei (redshift $z \: \lesssim 0.4$) taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7 data set. The obtained Z–N2 relation is valid for the range $0.3 \: \lesssim \: (Z/{\rm Z}_{\odot }) \: \lesssim \: 2.0$ that corresponds to $-0.7 \: \lesssim \: ({\rm N}2) \: \lesssim \: 0.6$. The effects of varying the ionization parameter (U), electron density and the slope of the spectral energy distribution on the Z estimations are of the order of the uncertainty produced by the error measurements of N2. This result indicates the large reliability of our Z –N2 calibration. A relation between U and the [O iii]/[O ii] line ratio, almost independent of other nebular parameter, was obtained.
The paradox of youth for ALMA planet candidates
Authors: Nayakshin S 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent ALMA observations indicate that the majority of bright protoplanetary discs show signatures of young moderately massive planets. I show that this result is paradoxical. The planets should evolve away from their observed states by radial migration and gas accretion in about 1 per cent of the system age. These systems should then hatch tens of giant planets in their lifetime, and there should exist a very large population of bright planet-less discs; none of this is observationally supported. An alternative scenario, in which the population of bright ALMA discs is dominated by secondary discs recently rejuvenated by deposition of new gas, is proposed. The data are well explained if the gaseous mass of the discs is comparable to a Jovian planet mass, and they last a small fraction of a Million years. Self-disruptions of dusty gas giant protoplanets, previously predicted in the context of the Tidal Downsizing theory of planet formation, provide a suitable mechanism for such injections of new fuel, and yield disc and planet properties commensurate with ALMA observations. If this scenario is correct, then the secondary discs have gas-to-dust ratios considerably smaller than 100, and long look ALMA and NIR/optical observations of dimmer targets should uncover dusty, not yet disrupted, gas clumps with sizes of order an au. Alternatively, secondary discs could originate from late external deposition of gas into the system, in which case we expect widespread signatures of warped outer discs that have not yet come into alignment with the planets.
TheThreeHundred project: backsplash galaxies in simulations of clusters
Authors: Haggar Roan , Gray Meghan E , Pearce Frazer R , Knebe Alexander , Cui Weiguang , Mostoghiu Robert , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
In the outer regions of a galaxy cluster, galaxies either may be falling into the cluster for the first time or have already passed through the cluster centre at some point in their past. To investigate these two distinct populations, we utilize TheThreeHundred project, a suite of 324 hydrodynamical resimulations of galaxy clusters. In particular, we study the ‘backsplash population’ of galaxies: those that have passed within R200 of the cluster centre at some time in their history, but are now outside of this radius. We find that, on average, over half of all galaxies between R200 and 2R200 from their host at $z$ = 0 are backsplash galaxies, but that this fraction is dependent on the dynamical state of a cluster, as dynamically relaxed clusters have a greater backsplash fraction. We also find that this population is mostly developed at recent times ($z$ ≲ 0.4), and is dependent on the recent history of a cluster. Finally, we show that the dynamical state of a given cluster, and thus the fraction of backsplash galaxies in its outskirts, can be predicted based on observational properties of the cluster.
Unveiling kinematic structure in the starburst heart of NGC 253
Authors: Cohen Daniel P , Turner Jean L , Consiglio S Michelle 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We observed the Brackett α emission line (4.05 μm) within the nuclear starburst of NGC 253 to measure the kinematics of ionized gas, and distinguish motions driven by star formation feedback from gravitational motions induced by the central mass structure. Using NIRSPEC on Keck II, we obtained 30 spectra through a $0^{\prime \prime }_{.}5$ slit stepped across the central ∼5 arcsec × 25 arcsec (85 × 425 pc) region to produce a spectral cube. The Br α emission resolves into four nuclear sources: S1 at the infrared core (IRC), N1 at the radio core, and the fainter sources N2 and N3 in the northeast. The line profile is characterized by a primary component with Δvprimary ∼90–130 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$ (full width at half-maximum) on top of a broad blue 2wing with Δvbroad ∼300–350 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$, and an additional redshifted narrow component in the west. The velocity field generated from our cube reveals several distinct patterns. A mean NE–SW velocity gradient of +10 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$ arcsec−1 along the major axis traces the solid-body rotation curve of the nuclear disc. At the radio core, isovelocity contours become S-shaped, indicating the presence of secondary nuclear bar of total extent ∼5 arcsec (90 pc). The symmetry of the bar places the galactic centre, and potential supermassive black hole, near the radio peak rather than the IRC. A third kinematic substructure is formed by blueshifted gas near the IRC. This feature likely traces a ∼100–250 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$ starburst-driven outflow, potentially linking the IRC to the galactic wind observed on kpc scales.
Putatively cancer-specific exon–exon junctions are shared across patients and present in developmental and other non-cancer cells
Authors: David Julianne K , Maden Sean K , Weeder Benjamin R , Thompson Reid F , Nellore Abhinav 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study probes the distribution of putatively cancer-specific junctions across a broad set of publicly available non-cancer human RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets. We compared cancer and non-cancer RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project and the Sequence Read Archive. We found that (i) averaging across cancer types, 80.6% of exon–exon junctions thought to be cancer-specific based on comparison with tissue-matched samples (σ = 13.0%) are in fact present in other adult non-cancer tissues throughout the body; (ii) 30.8% of junctions not present in any GTEx or TCGA normal tissues are shared by multiple samples within at least one cancer type cohort, and 87.4% of these distinguish between different cancer types; and (iii) many of these junctions not found in GTEx or TCGA normal tissues (15.4% on average, σ = 2.4%) are also found in embryological and other developmentally associated cells. These findings refine the meaning of RNA splicing event novelty, particularly with respect to the human neoepitope repertoire. Ultimately, cancer-specific exon–exon junctions may have a substantial causal relationship with the biology of disease.
Are infant mortality rates increasing in England? The effect of extreme prematurity and early neonatal deaths
Authors: Nath Selina , Hardelid Pia , Zylbersztejn Ania 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Infant mortality has been rising in England since 2014. We examined potential drivers of these trends.

Methods
We used aggregate data on all live births, stillbirths and linked infant deaths in England in 2006–2016 from the Office for National Statistics. We compared trends in infant mortality rates overall, excluding births at &lt;24 weeks of gestation, by quintile of SES and gestational age.

Results
Infant mortality decreased from 4.78 deaths/1000 live births in 2006 to 3.54/1000 in 2014 (annual decrease of 0.15/1000) and increased to 3.67/1000 in 2016 (annual increase of 0.07/1000). This rise was driven by increases in deaths at 0–6 days of life. After excluding infants born at &lt;24 weeks of gestation, infant mortality continued to decrease after 2014. The risk of infant death was 94% higher in the most versus least deprived SES quintile, which reduced to a 55% higher risk after adjusting for gestational age.

Conclusions
The observed increase in infant mortality rates since 2014 is wholly explained by an increasing number of deaths at 0–6 days of age among babies born at &lt;24 weeks of gestation. Policies focused on improving maternal health to reduce preterm birth could substantially reduce the socio-economic gap in infant survival.
Fear extinction memory is negatively associated with REM sleep in insomnia disorder
Authors: Bottary Ryan , Seo Jeehye , Daffre Carolina , Gazecki Samuel , Moore Kylie N , Kopotiyenko Konstantin , Dominguez Jarrod P , Gannon Karen , Lasko Natasha B , Roth Brittainy , Milad Mohammed R , Pace-Schott Edward F 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesFormation and maintenance of fear-extinction memories are disrupted in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorders. Sleep contributes to emotional memory consolidation and emotion regulation. Insomnia disorder (ID) is characterized by persistent sleep disturbance as well as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep abnormalities and often precedes or develops in parallel with PTSD and anxiety disorders. Here, we explore the impact of chronic poor sleep and sleep immediately following fear conditioning and extinction learning on preservation of extinction memories.MethodsTwenty-four ID age- and sex-matched to 24 healthy, good sleeper controls (GS) completed up to 2 weeks of habitual sleep monitoring with daily sleep–wake diaries and actigraphy, and then participated in a two-session fear conditioning, extinction learning and extinction recall procedure. Fear Conditioning and Extinction Learning occurred during session 1, followed by Extinction Recall approximately 24 hours later. Skin-conductance responses (SCR) and shock expectancies were recorded throughout all experimental phases to evaluate associative learning and memory. Overnight sleep between sessions 1 and 2 was recorded using ambulatory polysomnography.ResultsID showed greater physiological reactivity during Fear Conditioning. REM sleep physiology was associated with poorer extinction memory in ID but better extinction memory in GS.ConclusionREM sleep physiology may differentially support emotional memory retention and expression in ID and GS. In the former, REM may enhance retention of fear memories, while in the later, REM may enhance the expression of extinction memories.
Parliamentary Scrutiny of the Quality of Legislation within Europe
Authors: Albanesi Enrico 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The topic of this article is a comparative analysis of parliamentary scrutiny of the quality of legislation contained in bills in the British system and in Continental Europe (with a special focus on Italy as case study). The main difference between the two systems is due to the establishment, especially in Continental Europe, of specific parliamentary tools, standards, or bodies to scrutinize the quality of legislation. The hypothesis underpinning the article is that this is the result of the different approaches used to draft bills in the two systems. The British model of legislative drafting has shown its strength: clearly, it is better having a legislative product which is well-drafted upstream, instead of a scrutiny downstream. However, in the United Kingdom, there is currently a debate concerning the opportunity to strengthen parliamentary scrutiny of the quality of legislation by establishing legislative standards and bodies (such as a Legislative Standards Committee) for this purpose. The article will describe the Continental system of parliamentary scrutiny of the quality of legislation and then focus on the British debate. This will help to draw some conclusions, asking whether Continental Europe’s model of parliamentary scrutiny could be of any value for the United Kingdom.
Current status of Opisthorchis viverrini, minute intestinal fluke and Taenia spp. infections among inhabitants in the Kenethao district of northern Lao PDR
Authors: Senephansiri Phasouk , Thongseesuksai Thaksaporn , Sithay Phaviny , Laymanivong Sakhone , Boonmar Thidarut , Laummaunwai Porntip 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
This study reports the prevalence of Ov/minute intestinal fluke (MIF) and Taenia infections among inhabitants of the Kenethao district, northern Lao PDR.

Methods
Fecal samples from 580 inhabitants were examined using the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique.

Results
The prevalence of Ov/MIF, Taenia spp. and coinfection was 45.3, 11.9 and 6.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference between males and females for Ov/MIF (p=0.813) and Taenia infection (p=0.759). The prevalence of Ov/MIF was significantly associated with age (p=0.005), but not for Taenia infection (p=0.836). Consumption of raw fish (p=0.001) and raw meat (p=0.046) was significantly associated with parasitic infections.

Conclusions
The results suggest that Ov/MIF and Taenia spp. are highly endemic in this area and there is a need for projects to eliminate these parasites.
Molecular surveillance of HIV, HBV, and HCV amongst blood donors in five Chinese regions
Authors: Lv Xiaoting , Rodgers Mary A , Yin Peng , Ke Ling , Fu Ping , Wu Binting , Liu Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) agents that threaten the safety of the blood supply. Surveillance of the variance of those viruses is an important way to monitor their diversity and evolution to improve safety in blood transfusion. In this study, we characterized the specimens of blood donors from 13 blood centers located in 5 Chinese regions.Samples collected between 2014 and 2017 were screened with serological and molecular tests conducted on Abbott ARCHITECT and m2000 platforms. Sequencing was used to determine the classifications. The HBV immune escape mutations were also analyzed for assessing vaccine breakthrough risks and challenges for diagnostic tests. For HIV, 11 genotypes or recombinants were identified. The predominant genotype was C, which accounts for 42%. For HBV, the genotypes of B, C and D were identified, with B and C predominating. The major subgenotype was B2, comprising 84.1% of all infections. 79 out of 113 (69.9%) samples carried escape mutations in the “a” determinant region with 69 (87.3%) multiple mutants and 15 (19%) escape mutants which will affect HBsAg detection. For HCV, 7 genotypes or subtypes were identified. The major genotype was 1b (48%), followed by 6a (16.7%) and 2a & 3a (10%). This study provides the information of diversity of HBV, HCV and HIV strains circulating in blood centers from 5 regions in China. These data can also be scientific basis for development of detection assays that mitigate the impact of viral diversity on performance.ImportanceThe prevalence of TTIs in blood donations is important for evaluating blood safety and it can also reflect the burden of these disease among populations. Virus variance is threat to blood safety due to it may affect assays detection by nucleic acid, antigen and antibody-based methods in blood donors. HIV, HBV and HCV exhibit high degrees of genetic diversity, with different strains predominating in different geographic locations. The aim of this study is to assess the diversity of HBV, HCV and HIV among blood donors in China. In this study, 13 blood centers located in 5 Chinese regions were involved and the most informative phylogenetic regions of each virus had been sequenced. This will benefit for viral monitoring by subtype/genotype analyses to determine whether the distributions of variants are changing over time and geographically, and to speculate whether previously rare subtypes are becoming established in blood donors in China.
Nuclear localization of calcium-activated BK channels in skate ampullary electroreceptors
Authors: Chen Abby L. , Wu Ting-Hsuan , Shi Lingfang , Clusin William T. , Kao Peter N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAmpullae of Lorenzini are sensory organs capable of detecting microvolt gradients in seawater. Electroreception involves interplay between voltage-dependent calcium channels CaV1.3 and big conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels in apical membranes of receptor cells. Expression of BK (kcnma1) and CaV1.3 (cacna1d) channels in skate (Leucoraja erinacea)ampullary electroreceptors was studied byin situconfocal microscopy. BK and CaV1.3 channels colocalize in plasma membranes, ribbon synapses and kinocilia. BK channels additionally colocalize with chromatin and nuclear lamins in electroreceptor cells. Bioinformatic sequence analysis identified an alternatively spliced bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) inkcnma1(at site of mammalian STREX exon). Skatekcnma1wild type cDNA transfected into HEK293 cells localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. Mutations in the NLS (KR→AA or SVLS→AVLA) independently attenuated nuclear translocation from endoplasmic reticulum. BK channel localization may be controlled by splicing or phosphorylation to tune electroreception and modulate gene expression.
Insertion and deletion evolution reflects antibiotics selection pressure in aMycobacterium tuberculosisoutbreak
Authors: Godfroid Maxime , Dagan Tal , Merker Matthias , Kohl Thomas A. , Diel Roland , Maurer Florian P. , Niemann Stefan , Kupczok Anne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn genome evolution, genetic variants are the source of diversity, which natural selection acts upon. Treatment of human tuberculosis (TB) induces a strong selection pressure for the emergence of antibiotic resistance in the infectingMycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) strains. MTB evolution in response to treatment has been intensively studied and mainly attributed to point substitutions. However, the contribution of insertions and deletions (indels) to MTB genome evolution remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed a multi-drug resistant MTB outbreak for the presence of high-quality indels and substitutions. We find that indels are significantly enriched in genes conferring antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, we show that indels are inherited during the outbreak and follow a molecular clock with an evolutionary rate of 5.37e-9 indels/site/year, which is 23x lower compared to the substitution rate. Inherited indels may co-occur with substitutions in genes along related biological pathways; examples are iron storage and resistance to second-line antibiotics. This suggests that epistatic interactions between indels and substitutions affect antibiotic resistance and compensatory evolution in MTB.Author summaryMycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) is a human pathogen causing millions of deaths every year. Its genome evolution has been intensively characterized through point substitutions, i.e., nucleotide exchanges that are inherited. Additional mutations are short or long insertions and deletions of nucleotides, termed indels. Short indels in genes might change the reading frame and disrupt the gene product. Here we show that antibiotic treatment has a strong impact on indel evolution in an MTB outbreak. Namely, indels occur frequently in genes causing antibiotic resistance upon disruption. Furthermore, we show that the molecular clock, i.e., the temporal emergence of variants over time, holds for short indels in MTB genomes. Finally, we observe that indels may co-occur with substitutions in genes along related biological pathways. These results support the notion that indels are important contributors to MTB evolution. We anticipate that including indels in the analyses of MTB outbreaks will improve our understanding of antibiotic resistance evolution.
Predictor and optimizer system on selective catalytic reduction of NO in activated carbons based on experiment and computational intelligence technique
Authors: Yang Zhen , Song Kangning , Gu Xingsheng , Wang Zhi , Liang Xiaoyi 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) have been considered as primarily responsible for many serious environmental problems. Removing NO is the key task to remove NOx hazards. To clarify, NO removal process for pitch-based spherical-activated carbons (PSACs), an online prediction and optimization technique in real-time based on support vector machine algorithm in regression (support vector regression [SVR]) is discussed. The purpose of this paper is to develop a predictor and optimizer system on selective catalytic reduction of NO (SCRN) using experimental data and data-driven SVR intelligence methods.

Design/methodology/approach
Predictor and optimizer using developed SVR have been proposed. To modify the training efficiency of SVR, the authors especially customize batch normalization and k-fold cross-validation techniques according to the unique characteristics of PSACs model.

Findings
The results present that SVR provides a property regression model since it can linkage linear and non-linear process and property relationships in few experimental data sets. Also, the integrated normalization and k-fold cross-validation show a satisfying improvement and results for SVR optimization. The predicted results of predictor and optimizer in single and double factor systems are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.

Originality/value
SCRN-PO for predicting and optimization SCRN problems is developed by data-driven methods. The outperformed SCRN-PO system is used to predict multiple-factors property parameters and obtain optimum technological parameters in real-time. Also, experiment duration is greatly shortened.