bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intranasal delivery of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells restores lung alveolarization and vascularization in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Moreira Alvaro , Winter Caitlyn , Joy Jooby , Winter Lauryn , Jones Maxwell , Noronha Michelle , Porter Melissa , Quim Kayla , Corral Alexis , Alayli Yasmeen , Seno Tyrelle , Mustafa Shamimunisa , Hornsby Peter , Ahuja Sunil 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a devastating lung condition that develops in premature newborns exposed to prolonged mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen. Significant morbidity and mortality are associated with this costly disease and effective therapies are limited. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can repair injured tissue by secreting paracrine factors known to restore the function and integrity of injured lung epithelium and endothelium. Most preclinical studies showing therapeutic efficacy of MSCs for BPD are administered either intratracheally or intravenously. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of human cord tissue-derived MSC administration given via the intranasal route. Human umbilical cord tissue MSCs were isolated, characterized, and given intranasally (500 000 cells per 20 μL) to a hyperoxia-induced rat model of BPD. Lung alveolarization, vascularization, and pulmonary vascular remodeling were restored in animals receiving MSC treatment. Gene and protein analysis suggest the beneficial effects of MSCs were attributed, in part, to a concerted effort targeting angiogenesis, immunomodulation, wound healing, and cell survival. These findings are clinically significant, as neonates who develop BPD have altered alveolar development, decreased pulmonary vascularization and chronic inflammation, all resulting in impaired tissue healing. Our study is the first to report the intranasal delivery of umbilical cord Wharton's jelly MSCs in experimental BPD is feasible, noninvasive, and an effective route that may bear clinical applicability.

Significance statement Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in extremely premature neonates. Unfortunately, current therapies for BPD are limited. Preclinical studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment can restore alveolar growth, enhance vascular development, and stimulate tissue repair. Most of these studies have administered the cells via the intravenous/tracheal route. Results of this study show, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, that the intranasal delivery of MSCs for BPD is effective in restoring lung alveolar growth and vascular development. Importantly, this study provides evidence that this noninvasive approach may be given separately or as an adjunct/alternate to other routes.
Two-year outcomes of infants enrolled in the first-in-human study of amnion cells for bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Malhotra Atul , Lim Rebecca , Mockler Joanne C. , Wallace Euan M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We previously reported on the immediate safety and neonatal outcomes of six premature infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who were administered human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs). One infant died in the neonatal period due to unrelated causes. In this study, we aimed to assess the long-term safety and follow-up outcomes of the five surviving infants until 2 years corrected age (CA). hAECs were administered intravenously at a dose of 1 × 106 cells per kilogram after 36 weeks postconceptional age in infants with established BPD. Study follow-up consisted of assessment of any adverse events, growth, and respiratory, cardiac, and neurodevelopmental outcomes over four time points (6, 12, 18, and 24 months CA). Investigations included chest x-rays, cranial and abdominal ultrasounds, and echocardiograms at regular intervals as well as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain at 2 years CA. All five infants were alive at 2 years CA. Median time to wean off oxygen was 24 (10-36) months. Two infants had pulmonary hypertension, which resolved by 2 years of age. Four infants were rehospitalized briefly for viral or bacterial infections during the 2 years. MRI brain findings included normal (n = 1), and mild to moderate white matter loss (n = 2). Neurodisabilities diagnosed included hemiplegic cerebral palsy (n = 1), global developmental delay (n = 3), and severe hearing loss (n = 3). No evidence of tumor formation was noted on physical examinations or on any imaging. There were no long-term adverse events observed that could be attributed to hAEC administration. We observed long-term effects of extreme prematurity and severe BPD in the cohort.

Significance statement The long-term safety results of this trial are an important addition to the literature to inform the scientific and clinical community about the impacts of this cell therapy.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission: A Tool for Sensitive Detection of Amines
Authors: Gupta Ankush 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) phenomenon has shown great potential to develop sensors for amine detection. The AIE‐active fluorescent probes are free from the aggregation‐caused fluorescence quenching, which is a major problem in the conventional fluorescent probes. The fluorescent aggregates formed by AIE strategy offer advantages such as high selectivity, sensitivity, low background interference as well as the simplicity of the fluorescence technique. This review aims to highlight the recent developments of AIE‐active probes for the detection of amine derivatives. We will focus our discussion on the AIE concept to develop ‘‘turn on’’ and ‘‘turn‐off’’ fluorescent sensors for the detection of amine derivatives. Thereafter, we will discuss the various examples of amine sensor with their detection mechanism. Finally, we will give a future perspective for the development of AIE‐based amine sensors. We believe, this review will inspire scientists of this emerging world for the development of new amine sensors.
Oxygen Doping Induced by Nitrogen Vacancies in Nb4N5 Enables Highly Selective CO2 Reduction
Authors: Fu Jiantao , Bao Haihong , Liu Yifan , Mi Yuying , Qiu Yuan , Zhuo Longchao , Liu Xijun , Luo Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSurface vacancy engineering holds great promise for boosting the electrocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction reaction; however, the vacancies are generally unstable and may degrade into the inactive phase during electrolysis. Stabilizing the vacancy‐enriched structure by heteroatoms can be an effective strategy to get a robust and active catalyst. Herein, a nitrogen‐vacancy enriched Nb4N5 on N‐doped carbons is constructed, which is thereafter stabilized by a self‐enhanced oxygen doping process. This oxygen‐doped complex is used as an effective CO2 catalyst, which exhibits a maximum CO Faradaic efficiency of 91% at −0.8 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) and long‐term stability throughout 30 h of electrocatalysis. Density function theory calculations suggest that the incorporation of oxygen in Nb4N5 facilitates the formation of *COOH and thus promotes the CO2 reduction.
T-dualities and Doubled Geometry of the Principal Chiral Model
Authors: Marotta Vincenzo E. , Pezzella Franco , Vitale Patrizia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Principal Chiral Model (PCM) defined on the group manifold of SU(2) is here investigated with the aim of getting a further deepening of its relation with Generalized Geometry and Doubled Geometry. A one-parameter family of equivalent Hamiltonian descriptions is analysed, and cast into the form of Born geometries. Then O(3, 3) duality transformations of the target phase space are performed and we show that the resulting dual models are defined on the group SB(2, ℂ) which is the Poisson-Lie dual of SU(2) in the Iwasawa decomposition of the Drinfel’d double SL(2, ℂ). A parent action with doubled degrees of freedom and configuration space SL(2, ℂ) is then defined that reduces to either one of the dually related models, once suitable constraints are implemented.
An exact quantization of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
Authors: Iliesiu Luca V. , Pufu Silviu S. , Verlinde Herman , Wang Yifan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe propose an exact quantization of two-dimensional Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity by formulating the JT gravity theory as a 2D gauge theory placed in the presence of a loop defect. The gauge group is a certain central extension of PSL(2,ℝ) by ℝ. We find that the exact partition function of our theory when placed on a Euclidean disk matches precisely the finite temperature partition function of the Schwarzian theory. We show that observables on both sides are also precisely matched: correlation functions of boundary- anchored Wilson lines in the bulk are given by those of bi-local operators in the Schwarzian theory. In the gravitational context, the Wilson lines are shown to be equivalent to the world-lines of massive particles in the metric formulation of JT gravity.
Trends in mathematical modeling of host–pathogen interactions
Authors: Ewald Jan , Sieber Patricia , Garde Ravindra , Lang Stefan N. , Schuster Stefan , Ibrahim Bashar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPathogenic microorganisms entail enormous problems for humans, livestock, and crop plants. A better understanding of the different infection strategies of the pathogens enables us to derive optimal treatments to mitigate infectious diseases or develop vaccinations preventing the occurrence of infections altogether. In this review, we highlight the current trends in mathematical modeling approaches and related methods used for understanding host–pathogen interactions. Since these interactions can be described on vastly different temporal and spatial scales as well as abstraction levels, a variety of computational and mathematical approaches are presented. Particular emphasis is placed on dynamic optimization, game theory, and spatial modeling, as they are attracting more and more interest in systems biology. Furthermore, these approaches are often combined to illuminate the complexities of the interactions between pathogens and their host. We also discuss the phenomena of molecular mimicry and crypsis as well as the interplay between defense and counter defense. As a conclusion, we provide an overview of method characteristics to assist non-experts in their decision for modeling approaches and interdisciplinary understanding.
The rise of the “service economy” in the second half of the twentieth century and its energetic contingencies
Authors: Witt Ulrich , Gross Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe characteristic of the “service economy” is the rise to dominance of the service sector in terms of employment and value added shares. We track this rise during the second half of the twentieth century for the U.S., more precisely the period from 1970 to 2005. Following seminal work by Baumol (1967) the rise is often attributed to growing productivity differentials between the economic sectors. The causes of the productivity differentials are, however, controversial. Inspired by Georgescu-Roegen’s (1971) evolutionary approach to production theory, the present paper explores whether differences in the energetic features of the sectors’ production technologies contribute to the growing sectorial productivity differentials. For the data for our period of analysis it turns out that a close relationship indeed exists between the sectors’ incentives for substituting relatively cheap energy for ever more expensive labor and their labor productivity gains. In highly energy-dependent sectors an increasing energy/labor ratio has been driving productivity growth while this was not the case in the service sector. The paper closes with a short discussion of what the finding may imply for the future of the service economy.
Atherosclerosis imaging with 18F-sodium fluoride PET: state-of-the-art review
Authors: Høilund-Carlsen Poul F. , Sturek Michael , Alavi Abass , Gerke Oke 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeWe examined the literature to elucidate the role of 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF)-PET in atherosclerosis.MethodsFollowing a systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library included articles underwent subjective quality assessment with categories low, medium, and high. Of 2811 records, 1780 remained after removal of duplicates. Screening by title and abstract left 41 potentially eligible full-text articles, of which 8 (about the aortic valve (n= 1), PET/MRI feasibility (n= 1), aortic aneurysms (n= 1), or quantification methodology (n= 5)) were dismissed, leaving 33 published 2010–2012 (n= 6), 2013–2015 (n= 11), and 2016–2018 (n= 16) for analysis.ResultsThey focused on coronary (n= 8), carotid (n= 7), and femoral arteries (n= 1), thoracic aorta (n= 1), and infrarenal aorta (n= 1). The remaining 15 studies examined more than one arterial segment. The literature was heterogeneous: few studies were designed to investigate atherosclerosis, 13 were retrospective, 9 applied both FDG and NaF as tracers, 24 NaF only. Subjective quality was low in one, medium in 13, and high in 19 studies. The literature indicates that NaF is a very specific tracer that mimics active arterial wall microcalcification, which is positively associated with cardiovascular risk. Arterial NaF uptake often presents before CT-calcification, tends to decrease with increasing density of CT-calcification, and appears, rather than FDG-avid foci, to progress to CT-calcification. It is mainly surface localized, increases with age with a wide scatter but without an obvious sex difference. NaF-avid microcalcification can occur in fatty streaks, but the degree of progression to CT-calcification is unknown. It remains unknown whether medical therapy influences microcalcification. The literature held no therapeutic or randomized controlled trials.ConclusionThe literature was heterogeneous and with few clear cut messages. NaF-PET is a new approach to detect and quantify microcalcification in early-stage atherosclerosis. NaF uptake correlates with cardiovascular risk factors and appears to be a good measure of the body’s atherosclerotic burden, potentially suited also for assessment of anti-atherosclerotic therapy.
The JAX Synteny Browser for mouse-human comparative genomics
Authors: Kolishovski Georgi , Lamoureux Anna , Hale Paul , Richardson Joel E. , Recla Jill M. , Adesanya Omoluyi , Simons Al , Kunde-Ramamoorthy Govindarajan , Bult Carol J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVisualizing regions of conserved synteny between two genomes is supported by numerous software applications. However, none of the current applications allow researchers to select genome features to display or highlight in blocks of synteny based on the annotated biological properties of the features (e.g., type, function, and/or phenotype association). To address this usability gap, we developed an interactive web-based conserved synteny browser, The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) Synteny Browser. The browser allows researchers to highlight or selectively display genome features in the reference and/or the comparison genome according to the biological attributes of the features. Although the current implementation for the browser is limited to the reference genomes for the laboratory mouse and human, the software platform is intentionally genome agnostic. The JAX Synteny Browser software can be deployed for any two genomes where genome coordinates for syntenic blocks are defined and for which biological attributes of the features in one or both genomes are available in widely used standard bioinformatics file formats. The JAX Synteny Browser is available at: http://syntenybrowser.jax.org/. The code base is available from GitHub: https://github.com/TheJacksonLaboratory/syntenybrowser and is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY).
Landesweite Studien aus den Niederlanden und Finnland zur Häufigkeit von Augenverletzungen durch Feuerwerkskörper unter dem Einfluss verschiedener Schutzmaßnahmen
Authors: de Faber Jan Tjeerd , Kivelä Tero T. , Gabel-Pfisterer Ameli 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungFeuerwerksbedingte Augenverletzungen treten weltweit v. a. bei privaten Feuerwerken auf. Zwei Register aus Finnland über 20 Jahre und aus den Niederlanden über 10 Jahre haben die Auswirkungen von Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und gesetzlichen Regelungen untersucht. Die Häufigkeit von Feuerwerksverletzungen in diesen beiden Ländern wurde in den letzten 10 Jahren auf etwa die Hälfte reduziert, indem die Anzahl der zulässigen Stunden für private Feuerwerke und strengere Vorschriften für die Verwendung von Feuerwerkskörpern festgelegt wurden. Zudem wurde die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit verstärkt und die Verwendung von Schutzbrillen empfohlen und erleichtert. Obwohl mit diesen Maßnahmen die Gesamtzahl der Verletzungen zurückgegangen ist, scheint die Schwere der Augenverletzungen in den Niederlanden möglicherweise aufgrund des höheren Gehalts an Schwarzpulver in Feuerwerkskörpern zuzunehmen. Vor allem Jungen und junge Männer sind von Augenverletzungen durch Feuerwerkskörper betroffen, ebenso wie Zuschauer, die von mehr als der Hälfte der Verletzungen betroffen sind. Es ist noch viel zu tun, um Feuerwerke sicherer zu machen – eine Herausforderung für alle länderübergreifenden ophthalmologischen Organisationen wie European Society of Ophthalmology (SOE) und International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) und die nationalen Gesellschaften gleichermaßen. Aber jedes Auge, das vor schweren Verletzungen bewahrt werden kann, ist die Mühe wert.
Classic ataxia-telangiectasia: the phenotype of long-term survivors
Authors: van Os Nienke J. H. , van Deuren Marcel , Weemaes Corry M. R. , van Gaalen Judith , Hijdra Helma , Taylor Alexander M. R. , van de Warrenburg Bart P. C. , Willemsen Michèl A. A. P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivePatients with classic ataxia–telangiectasia (A–T) generally die in the second or third decade of life. Clinical descriptions of A–T tend to focus on the symptoms at presentation. However, during the course of the disease, other symptoms and complications emerge. As long-term survivors with classic A–T develop a complex multisystem disorder with a largely unknown extent and severity, we aimed to comprehensively assess their full clinical picture.MethodsData from Dutch patients with classic A–T above the age of 30 years were retrospectively collected. In addition, we searched the literature for descriptions of classic A–T patients who survived beyond the age of 30 years.ResultsIn the Dutch cohort, seven classic A–T patients survived beyond 30 years of age. Fourteen additional patients were retrieved by the literature search. Common problems in older patients with classic A–T were linked to ageing. Most patients had pulmonary, endocrine, cardiovascular, and gastro-intestinal problems. All patients had a tetraparesis with contractures. This led to immobilization and frequent hospital admissions. Most patients expressed the wish to no longer undergo intensive medical treatments, and waived follow-up programs.ConclusionsPaucity of descriptions in the literature, and withdrawal from medical care complicate the acquisition of follow-up data on the natural history of long-term survivors. Irrespective of these limitations, we have obtained impression of the many problems that these patients face when surviving beyond 30 years of age. Awareness of these problems is needed to guide follow-up, counselling, and (palliative) care; decisions about life-prolonging treatments should be well considered.
How diverse is your reading list? Exploring issues of representation and decolonisation in the UK
Authors: Schucan Bird K. , Pitman Lesley 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is a growing impetus, from university students and administrations, to decolonise the curriculum and develop diverse reading lists. Yet, there is limited theoretical or empirical analysis of the authorship of current reading lists to justify this imperative. The present study developed and applied a method for auditing the authorship on reading lists of two modules, one from science and one from social science, in a research-intensive British university. The paper explores whether these reading lists can be considered descriptively representative of the student body or scholarly community. The analysis of reading lists found empirical basis for concerns that university curricula are dominated by white, male and Eurocentric authors, with some exceptions. The reading lists did not represent the diverse local student body but came closer to representing the demographic profile of academic staff. To interpret these findings, the paper argues that reading lists have a role to play in decolonising our universities, and offer opportunities to critique and deconstruct disciplinary boundaries. Further research is required to explore student and staff views of reading lists and the meaning of diversity, to evaluate existing tools, and address barriers to decolonising our curricula on a global scale.
Non-commutative Calculus, Optimal Transport and Functional Inequalities in Dissipative Quantum Systems
Authors: Carlen Eric A. , Maas Jan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe study dynamical optimal transport metrics between density matrices associated to symmetric Dirichlet forms on finite-dimensional $$C^*$$

C
∗

-algebras. Our setting covers arbitrary skew-derivations and it provides a unified framework that simultaneously generalizes recently constructed transport metrics for Markov chains, Lindblad equations, and the Fermi Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroup. We develop a non-nommutative differential calculus that allows us to obtain non-commutative Ricci curvature bounds, logarithmic Sobolev inequalities, transport-entropy inequalities, and spectral gap estimates.
Older adults demonstrate interlimb transfer of reactive gait adaptations to repeated unpredictable gait perturbations
Authors: McCrum Christopher , Karamanidis Kiros , Grevendonk Lotte , Zijlstra Wiebren , Meijer Kenneth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ability to rapidly adjust gait to cope with unexpected mechanical perturbations declines with ageing. Previous studies, however, have not ensured that gait stability pre-perturbation was equivalent across participants or age groups which may have influenced the outcomes. In this study, we investigate if age-related differences in stability following gait perturbations remain when all participants walk with equivalent stability. We also examine if interlimb transfer of gait adaptations are observed in healthy older adults, by examining if adaptation to repeated perturbations of one leg can benefit stability recovery when the other leg is perturbed. During walking at their stability-normalised walking speeds (young: 1.32 ± 0.07 m/s; older: 1.31 ± 0.13 m/s; normalised to an average margin of stability of 0.05 m), 30 young and 28 older healthy adults experienced ten unpredictable treadmill belt accelerations (the first and last applied to the right leg, the others to the left leg). Using kinematic data, we assessed the margins of stability during unperturbed walking and the first eight post-perturbation recovery steps. Older adults required three more steps to recover during the first perturbation to each leg than the young adults. Yet, after repeated perturbations of the left leg, older adults required only one more step to recover. Interestingly, for the untrained right leg, the older adults could regain stability with three fewer steps, indicating interlimb transfer of the improvements. Age differences in reactive gait stability remain even when participants’ walk with equivalent stability. Furthermore, we show that healthy older adults can transfer improvements in balance recovery made during repeated perturbations to one limb to their recovery following a perturbation to the untrained limb.