bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh “Drive Head” terhadap Efisiensi dan Kemampuan “Delivery Head” Maksimum pada Pompa Hidram
Authors: Rifandi Ahmad , Billiman Zayyin Kamil 
Published: April 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh ketinggian sumber air (drive head) terhadap efisiensi dan kemampuan maksimum memompa air (delivery head) pada pompa jenis hidram. Pompa hidram yang dibuat terdiri dari ukuran ½, ¾, dan 1 in. Dalam penelitian ini, air dialirkan dari tangki penampung sebagai sumber air melalui “drive pipe”, selanjutnya pompa hidram memompakan air tersebut ke tempat yang lebih tinggi melalui “delivery pipe”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi sumber air umpan (drive head) dan tinggi tangki air penampung (delivery head) berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi pompa. Semakin besar drive head (h) dan delivery head (H), untuk semua ukuran pompa, efisiensi pompa semakin menurun. Efisiensi tertinggi pompa yaitu pada pompa hidram ukuran 1 in dimana drive head (h) pompa tersebut setinggi 0,55 m dan delivery head (H) setinggi 3 m dengan efisiensi sebesar 56,73 %. Tinggi sumber air umpan (drive head) berpengaruh terhadap delivery head maksimum (Hmax), semakin besar drive head (h) semakin besar delivery head maksimumnya (Hmax).
TRADITIONAL AND MOLECULAR STUDY OF CRYPTOSOPORIDIUM SPP. IN DOMESTIC DOGS IN BAGHDAD CITY,IRAQ
Authors: Faraj A. A. 
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosoridium spp. in domestic dogs in Baghdad city, by using microscopic examination(flotation and staining) and molecular techniques .The results revealed that the rate of Cryptosporidium infection was 15% by microscopic examination and 28.6% using PCR, our study showed that the infection rate was 8.5% in males and 21.42% in females by microscopic examination , while the infection rate by using PCR in males and females was 21.42%, 35.71% respectively. The percentage of infection in the age groups <1 year and >1 year was 20%, 10% respectively by microscopic examination, while by using molecular assay the rate of infection in the age groups <1 year was 40% and 17.14% in >1 year. This is the first study in Iraq to detect Cryptosoridium spp. in domestic dogs using molecular technique.
ESTIMATING PROFIT , COST FUNCTION AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCIES OF RICE PRODUCTION IN NEJAF FOR SEASON 2016*
Authors: & Mahmood Al-Mashhdani 
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to estimate the profit and cost functions as well as economic, price, cost, and technical efficiencies beside the other economic indices at actual, optimal and profit-maximizing output of rice. A random sample of 240 rice farms in Nejaf province was used during the agricultural season 2016. From efficiency scales of profit function, it was shown that the output quantity had the greatest impact on the profit compared to other variables (average output costs and price). According to the cost function, the optimum output level and the profit- maximizing output level for the short run were 64.84 tons and 117.4 tons respectively. The lowest price that the farmer can accept was 194.83 thousand dinars / ton. At this price, the producer loss all fixed costs in the short run, hoping that the price of rice will improve in the long run. Net profit was estimated on the basis of actual output, cost minimizing output (optimal) and profit-maximizing output, which amounted to 8084.32, 30852.65 and 45547.5 thousand dinars, respectively. The of technical efficiency were 34%. and the cost efficiency was 0.52. We conclude from the study that economic resources have not been exploited optimally, indicating that actual output is far from optimal output. The study recommends a output policy aimed at increasing economic efficiency and optimizing the use of available resources.
Üzüm üreten işletmelerin üretim ve pazarlama yapıları: Tarsus örneği
Authors: Tapkı Nuran , Kantar Davran Müge , Görgü Ayşe 
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Bu
çalışmada, Tarsus ilçesi köylerinde üzüm üretimi yapan üreticilerin üretim ve
pazarlama yapıları incelenmiş, pazarlamada karşılaşılan sorunlar ele alınmıştır.Yöntemler ve Bulgular:
Çalışmanın ana materyalini Tarsus ilçesi köylerinde oturan ve üzüm üretimi
yapan 120 üretici ile yapılan yüz yüze görüşmeler oluşturmuştur. Örnek
büyüklüğü olasılığa dayalı örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Verilerin
istatistiksel analizinde, tanımlayıcı istatistikler ile likert ölçeği
kullanılmıştır.Genel Yorum:
İşletme sahiplerinin yaş ortalaması 44.1’dir. Ortalama aile genişliği 4.6 kişi
olup; üniversite mezunu olanların oranı ise %4.2’dir. İşletmelerin %70.8’inin
11-20 dekar arasında arazi büyüklüğüne sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. İşletmelerin
%73.3’ü kendi mülk arazilerinde üretim gerçekleştirmektedir. Üretilen üzümün
%82.0’si sofralık üzüm olarak pazarlanmaktadır.
İşletmelerde en çok tercih edilen aracılar tüccarlardır. İşletmelerde
pazarlama aşamasında, paketleme oranının %96.6, sınıflandırma oranının %88.3,
depolama oranın %35.8 ve taşıma oranının ise %10.8 olduğu gözlenmiştir.
İşletmelerin %56.8’i satılan üzümün bedelini peşin olarak tahsil etmektedir.
İşletmeler %51.7 oranında pazarlık yaparak fiyat belirlemektedir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi:
İşletmeciler üzüm üretiminde en çok kalite, maliyetler, hastalık ve
zararlılarla mücadele konusunda sorun yaşamaktadır. Karşılaştıkları en önemli
pazarlama sorunları ise alıcı sayısının azlığı, güvensizlik, bilgi noksanlığı
ve işleme tesislerinin yetersizliğidir. Araştırma alanında çiftçinin
mağduriyetinin azaltılabilmesi için pazarlama faaliyetlerinin ve pazarlama
karması elemanlarının doğru ve eksiksiz çalışması gerekmektedir.
EVALUASI PROGRAM PEMBINAAN PRESTASI OLAHRAGA SEPAK BOLA PADA KLUB PSN NGADA
Authors: Natal Yanuarius Ricardus 
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini yakni mengevaluasi antecendent, transaction dan outcomes program pembinaan prestasi klub sepak bola PSN Ngada. Penelitian ini dilakukan di klub PSN Kabupaten Ngada. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian evaluasi program menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan model pendekatan yakni evaluasi countenance model. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan triangulasi data. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif melalui tiga komponen yaitu reduksi data, sajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini pada tahapan evaluasi antecendent telah dilaksanakan dimana klub PSN telah memiliki visi dan misi klub dan program kerja. Evaluasi tahapan transaction telah dilaksanakan terlihat dari terseleksinya pelatih yang sudah memenuhi syarat minimal melatih di klub, serta dimilikinya standar penerimaan calon atlet sepak bola klub PSN Ngada melalui tahapan seleksi serta mekanisme perekrutan yang baik, hanya pendanaan saja masih mengalami kesulitan anggaran. Aspek ini juga berdampak pula pada tahapan outcomes atau hasil dimana prestasi klub PSN Ngada dalam kurun waktu empat tahun terakhir mengalami ketidakstabilan prestasi.
Assessing soil degradation under land-use change: insight from soil erosion and soil aggregate stability in a small karst catchment in southwest China
Authors: Liu Man , Han Guilin 
Published: April 2020

Background
Soil erodibility (K factor) and soil aggregate stability are often used to assess soil degradation in an erodible environment. However, their applicability under land-use change is uncertain, especially agricultural abandonment.

Methods
Different land-use types, including cropland, abandoned cropland, and native vegetation land, were converted into the successive stages following agricultural abandonment by space-for-time substitution approach in a small karst catchment, Southwest China. The indexes of soil aggregate stability and K factor of the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model in soil profiles were calculated to identify which method is suitable to indicate soil degradation under land-use change.

Results
The indexes of soil aggregate stability in the soils at 0∼30 cm depth under native vegetation land were significantly larger than those under cropland and slightly larger than those under abandoned cropland. The K factor was not significantly different among the three land use examples because the EPIC model does not consider soil permeability. In the soil organic carbon (SOC)-rich soils (>2%), the K factor was significantly correlated with silt and clay content ranging within a narrow scope of near 0.010 t hm2 h/hm2/MJ/mm. While in the SOC-poor soils, the K factor was significantly increased with decreasing SOC content and was significantly correlated with soil aggregate stability.

Conclusions
Soil aggregate stability is more suitable to indicate soil degradation under land-use change. Sufficient SOC in erodible soils would restrain soil degradation, while SOC loss can significantly increase soil erosion risk.
Dicing before Grinding: A Robust Wafer Thinning and Dicing Technology
Authors: Bacquian Bryan Christian S. 
Published: April 2020

The never-ending trend for package miniaturization has been driving the semiconductor industry to the brink of technology. Hence, development of new technologies is necessary to cope up with the demand for advance and aggressive process capabilities.
The paper is all about the challenges in developing and installing a robust 50 µm wafer thinning and dicing capability in ST Calamba. As silicon wafers are grinded thinner, the more it becomes sensitive to mechanical stress and vibration. The conventional mechanical dicing process induce a lot of mechanical stress and vibration during the cutting process which oftentimes lead to backside chipping and die crack issues. Backside chippings serves as fracture points at the back of the dice, which significantly reduce its die strength. This dilemma was addressed with the use of a breakthrough technology known as Dicing Before Grinding (DBG).
Toward Critical Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces in Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Yan Chong , Xu Rui , Xiao Ye , Ding Jun‐Fan , Xu Lei , Li Bo‐Quan , Huang Jia‐Qi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe electrode/electrolyte interface plays a critical role in stabilizing the cycling performance and prolonging the service life of rechargeable batteries to meet the sustainable energy requirements of the mobile society. The understanding of interfaces is still at the preliminary stage due to the limited research techniques and variable properties with time and potential. Herein, the latest developments focused on the interfaces in rechargeable systems including the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are reviewed. The possible formation mechanisms of the electrode/electrolyte interface are discussed, followed by the introduction of two key influencing factors, specific adsorption and solvated coordinate structure, which will dominate the formation of the interface. Finally, the structure and chemical composition of the interface as well as the possible transport mechanism of lithium ions in the interface and the strategies to regulate the pathway through the interface are presented in detail. This work sheds light on the fundamental understanding of the interface and provides rational scientific principles in designing the electrode/electrolyte interface and inspires the rational design of long‐term cycling rechargeable batteries.
Understanding the In Vivo Fate of Advanced Materials by Imaging
Authors: Li Ran , Ng Thomas S. C. , Garlin Michelle A. , Weissleder Ralph , Miller Miles A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEngineered materials are ubiquitous in biomedical applications ranging from systemic drug delivery systems to orthopedic implants, and their actions unfold across multiple time‐ and length‐scales. The efficacy and safety of biologics, nanomaterials, and macroscopic implants are all dictated by the same general principles of pharmacology as applied to small molecule drugs, comprising how the body affects materials (pharmacokinetics, PK) and conversely how materials affect the body (pharmacodynamics, PD). Imaging technologies play an increasingly insightful role in monitoring both of these processes, often simultaneously: translational macroscopic imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography offer whole‐body quantitation of biodistribution and structural or molecular response, while ex vivo approaches and optical imaging via in vivo (intravital) microscopy reveal behaviors at subcellular resolution. In this review, the authors survey developments in imaging the in situ behavior of systemically and locally administered materials, with a particular focus on using microscopy to understand transport, target engagement, and downstream host responses at a single‐cell level. The themes of microenvironmental influence, controlled drug release, on‐target molecular action, and immune response, especially as mediated by macrophages and other myeloid cells, are examined. Finally, the future directions of how new imaging technologies may propel efficient clinical translation of next‐generation therapeutics and medical devices are proposed.
Advanced Liquid Electrolytes for Rechargeable Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Jie Yulin , Ren Xiaodi , Cao Ruiguo , Cai Wenbin , Jiao Shuhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRechargeable lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have attracted wide attention for future electric vehicles and next‐generation energy storage because of their exceptionally high specific energy density. Recently, the development of electrode materials for LMBs has been extensively discussed and reviewed in the literature, but there have been very few reports that systematically review the status and progress of electrolytes for such applications. Actually, the viability of practical LMBs critically depends on the development of suitable liquid electrolytes due to the high reactivity of Li metals toward most solvents. This paper provides a systematic summary of the background and recent advances of the electrolytes for LMBs with an emphasis on the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities at the interfaces. In addition, the emerging advanced characterization techniques for understanding the electrolyte–electrode interfaces are surveyed. Finally, a perspective for future directions is provided.
A Macroporous Hydrogel Dressing with Enhanced Antibacterial and Anti‐Inflammatory Capabilities for Accelerated Wound Healing
Authors: Huang Wen‐Can , Ying Rui , Wang Wei , Guo Yuning , He Yongjun , Mo Xinya , Xue Changhu , Mao Xiangzhao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHere, a novel macroporous hydrogel dressing is presented that can accelerate wound healing and guard against bacteria‐associated wound infection. Carboxymethyl agarose (CMA) is successfully prepared from agarose. The CMA molecular chains are cross‐linked by hydrogen bonding to form a supramolecular hydrogel, and the hydroxy groups in the CMA molecules complex with Ag+ to promote hydrogel formation. This hydrogel composite exhibits pH‐responsiveness and temperature‐responsiveness and releases Ag+, an antibacterial agent, over a prolonged period of time. Moreover, this hydrogel exhibits outstanding cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility. In vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrate that the hydrogel has enhanced antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory capabilities and can significantly accelerate skin tissue regeneration and wound closure. Astonishingly, the hydrogel can cause the inflammation process to occur earlier and for a shorter amount of time than in a normal process. Given its excellent antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and physicochemical properties, the broad application of this hydrogel in bacteria‐associated wound management is anticipated.
Droplet Manipulation: Magically Cut Apart Microdroplet by Smart Nanofibrils Wire
Authors: Zhang Miaoxin , Li Jinghui , Pei Wenlei , Liu Yufang , Zhong Lieshuang , Wang Shaomin , Zheng Yongmei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA strategy of droplet manipulation is introduced, that is, an ethanol‐wetted nanofibrils wire (ENW) that can smartly generate a repellent force to cut apart a spreading water droplet to split droplets (SDs) on a superhydrophilic surface without any contact. The repellent force is attributed to a unique Marangoni state inside droplet due to the interaction between vapor–liquid interfaces, along with the gradient surface tension formed between the ENW and spreading droplet. It is demonstrated that such an ENW makes an as‐spreading water droplet with volume of 5–25 µL to be accurately cut apart into tiny SDs in various proportions (e.g., 1/9–1/1) without loss, and the minimum SD can be 1.7 µL in volume. A spreading droplet can be one‐step cut apart into patterns and further some micro‐reactors can be achieved by using ENW manipulations, respectively. This finding offers insights into the design of novel droplet‐manipulating materials that can be extended into microfluidics, microreactors, and others.
Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of 4‐Nitroisoxazole Derivatives
Authors: Dočekal Vojtěch , Petrželová Simona , Císařová Ivana , Veselý Jan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study reports an asymmetric organocatalytic cascade reaction of 4‐nitroisoxazole derivative with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes catalysed by chiral secondary amine. Using this approach, 1,2,3‐trisubstituted cyclopropane products were obtained in isolated yields up to 98% with moderate diastereoselectivities, and enantiopurity up to 99% ee. Moreover, this synthetic protocol can be used for further applications, as shown by a set of additional transformations of the corresponding cyclopropanes and by the formal synthesis of GABA ligands.magnified image
Facile synthesis of ultramicroporous carbon adsorbents with ultra‐high CH4 uptake by in situ ionic activation
Authors: Du Shengjun , Wu Ying , Wang Xingjie , Xia Qibin , Xiao Jing , Zhou Xin , Li Zhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe introduce a straightforward method for the preparation of novel starch‐based ultramicroporous carbons (SCs) that demonstrate high CH4 uptake and excellent CH4/N2 selectivity. These SCs are derived from a combination of starch and 1–6 wt.% of acrylic acid, and the resulting materials are amenable to surface cation exchangeability as demonstrated by the formation of highly dispersed K+ in carbon precursors. Following activation, these SCs contain ultramicropores with narrow pore‐size distributions of <0.7 nm, leading to porous carbon‐rich materials that exhibit CH4 uptake values as high as 1.86 mmol/g at 100 kPa and 298 K, the highest uptake value for CH4 to date, with the IAST‐predicted CH4/N2 selectivity up to 5.7. Both the potential mechanism for the formation of the narrow pores and the origin of the favorable CH4 adsorption properties are discussed and examined. This work may potentially guide future designs for carbon‐rich materials with excellent gas adsorption properties.
Patterns of malformation associated with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula: A retrospective single center study
Authors: Galarreta Carolina I. , Vaida Florin , Bird Lynne M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEsophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is one of the most common gastrointestinal birth defects. It can occur in isolation or in association with other birth defects or genetic syndromes. We retrospectively reviewed the EA/TEF cases evaluated at Rady Children's Hospital San Diego (San Diego, CA) between 2007 and 2016. Data were collected for 157 patients. The majority of patients (105, 66.8%) had an associated major malformation present, and 52 patients (33.1%) had isolated EA/TEF. The patients with associated malformations were distributed as follows: 16 patients (10.2%) had a known genetic syndrome (the most common being Trisomy 21 in 11 patients); six patients (3.8%) had a suspected genetic syndrome; one patient had a suspected teratogenic syndrome (diabetic embryopathy); 30 patients had VACTERL association (19.1%); 32 patients had a “partial VACTERL” association (only two VACTERL‐type defects without other malformation); nine patients (5.7%) had one additional non‐VACTERL‐type birth defect, two patients had VACTERL‐type defects plus auricular malformations; and nine patients (5.7%) were classified as “unknown syndrome.” A classification of the patterns of malformation of patients with congenital EA/TEF is proposed based on reviewing the data of this relatively large and phenotypically diverse patient group.
Recycling of PLA‐based bioplastics: The role of chain‐extenders in twin‐screw extrusion compounding and cast extrusion of sheets
Authors: Barletta Massimiliano , Aversa Clizia , Puopolo Michela 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPoly (lactic acid) polymers (PLA) belong to the bioplastic family of polymers entirely derived from renewable resources. Among biopolymers, PLA is one of the most technologically interesting materials, thanks to its good mechanical properties and to its moderate thermal stability. There are many fields of application in which the use of PLA seems to be promising, including cast extrusion and thermoforming. However, the strong tendency of PLA to degrade compromises the possibility of recovering the so‐called post‐process material (i.e., process waste), making PLA and most bioplastics difficult to use in production processes that require a physiological reuse of post‐process material, such as the thermoforming process, where huge amounts of scrap material is naturally produced during the trimming phase. In this context, the present study examines the effect of three successive compounding processes by twin‐screw reactive extrusion on the rheological and thermal properties of two formulations of compostable bioplastic materials based on PLA, in the presence of a chain extender additive. Subsequently, virgin compounds and post‐process material were mixed and cast extruded into slabs. The slabs were then characterized to evaluate their rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties. Finally, the effect of the chain extender was evaluated by adding the additive directly during the cast extrusion of slabs made with 100% post‐process material. The results showed that the twin‐screw compounding process induces a lower degradation in the material compared to the cast extrusion process. Furthermore, experimental findings show that adding the chain extender during the cast extrusion process of the slabs proved to be an effective post‐process material recovery strategy.
“We're being tracked at all times”: Student perspectives of their privacy in relation to learning analytics in higher education
Authors: Jones Kyle M. L. , Asher Andrew , Goben Abigail , Perry Michael R. , Salo Dorothea , Briney Kristin A. , Robertshaw M. Brooke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigher education institutions are continuing to develop their capacity for learning analytics (LA), which is a sociotechnical data‐mining and analytic practice. Institutions rarely inform their students about LA practices, and there exist significant privacy concerns. Without a clear student voice in the design of LA, institutions put themselves in an ethical gray area. To help fill this gap in practice and add to the growing literature on students' privacy perspectives, this study reports findings from over 100 interviews with undergraduate students at eight U.S. higher education institutions. Findings demonstrate that students lacked awareness of educational data‐mining and analytic practices, as well as the data on which they rely. Students see potential in LA, but they presented nuanced arguments about when and with whom data should be shared; they also expressed why informed consent was valuable and necessary. The study uncovered perspectives on institutional trust that were heretofore unknown, as well as what actions might violate that trust. Institutions must balance their desire to implement LA with their obligation to educate students about their analytic practices and treat them as partners in the design of analytic strategies reliant on student data in order to protect their intellectual privacy.