bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of a Pulse Detonation Engine Using Vortex Generators as Obstacles in the Combustion Chamber
Authors: Yadav Mukesh , Jha Avhishek , Bista Manish , Arora BB 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Propulsion based engines have been known for their exemplary thrust but also for lower fuel efficiency and speed of operation which is limited to subsonic and the level of intermittent vibrations produced. Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) is similar to a Pulse Jet Engine (PJE) except for the fact that the flame formed inside the combustion chamber of PDE travels at supersonic speed, whereas in PJE, it is subsonic. The supersonic speed of flame front in PDE is because of the detonation wave formed during the combustion of the fuel mixture which is in the order of 2000 m/s and is based on constant volume combustion. A process called Deflagration to Detonation Transition (DDT) can be used for which turbulence has to be created inside the combustion chamber. The obstacles used in this study were vortex generators and the CAD model of the engine and the obstacles assembly was made in SOLIDWORKS 19.0 software. ANSYS (FLUENT) 16.0 was used for the simulation of the combustion inside the combustion chamber using the Species Transport Model for the performance evaluation.
Differences in Gut Microbiota Profiles and Functions Between End-stage Renal Disease and Healthy Populations&nbsp;
Authors: Wu Ping-Hsun , Lin Ting-Yun , Ho Hsiu J. , Tseng Ching-Hung , Lin Yi-Ting , Liang Shih-Shin , Lee Hei-Hwa , Kuo Mei-Chuan , Hung Szu-Chun , Chiu Yi-Wen , Wu Chun-Ying 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have extremely high risks of mortality and morbidity, as well as altered gut microbiota and impaired intestinal barrier function. The translocation of gut-derived molecules in ESRD contributes to systemic complications. In this study, we evaluated the gut microbiome difference in ESRD patients compared to age- and gender-matched subjects without kidney disease in discovery and validation cohorts.Results: Compared to controls with normal renal function, an increased α-diversity and distinct β-diversity were found in ESRD subjects. The increase in α-diversity was correlated with protein-bound uremic toxins, particularly hippuric acid. A higher microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) was found in ESRD patients with the following enriched genera: Facealibacterium, Ruminococcus, Fusobacterium, Dorea, Anaerovorax, Sarcina, Akkemansia, Streptococcus, and Dysgonomonas. MDI at the genus level demonstrated highly differentiated accuracies between ESRD and control subjects in the discovery cohort (area under the curve [AUC] of 81.9%) and between ESRD and control subjects in the validation cohort (AUC of 83.2%). On functional enrichment analysis with gut metabolic modules, ESRD subjects presented with increased saccharide and amino acid metabolism when compared with matched controls.Conclusions: An enriched but dysbiotic gut microbiota was presented in ESRD patients, in which the bacteria that were present increase amino acid metabolism linked to the production of protein-bound uremic toxins.
Biodata Mining-based Elucidation of Mechanisms of Hesperetin as a Candidate for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Huang Lianzhou , Huang Zexiu , Chen Yuanqiu , Jin Xin , Xiao Ji , Ren Zhe , Wang Yiliang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHesperetin, an active ingredient derived from Citrus × aurantium L., possesses a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, and anti-cancer activity. Notably, hesperetin has been proposed as a candidate for atherosclerosis owing to the lipid-regulating and anti-inflammatory effect, while the underlying mechanisms remains obscure.ResultsIn our present study, the pharmacological and molecular properties of hesperetin were first evaluated to determine the druggability of hesperetin. Subsequently, 53 hesperetin-atherosclerosis crossover targets were collected to establish the protein-protein interaction network. The result of Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated that the crossover targets were involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory response. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses demonstrated that the crossover targets were highly correlated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, such as fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway and the TNF signaling pathway. Finally, an entire hesperetin-target-pathway network was constructed to provide a systematic overview of the pharmacological mechanisms of action of hesperetin against atherosclerosis.ConclusionsThe pharmacological mechanisms of actions of hesperetin against atherosclerosis was unveiled based on biodata mining from the public database and the bioinformatics data analysis-based strategy in this study, contributing to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hesperetin in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Based on the results of network pharmacology analysis, we can conclude that hesperetin is surely an excellent candidate for atherosclerosis. We believe our work would be beneficial for further research and development of hesperetin as a natural active ingredient derived from Citrus × aurantium L. for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
The role of genomics and genetics in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Swietlik Emilia M , Gräf Stefan , Morrell Nicolas W 
Published: September 2020

[No abstract. Showing first paragraph of article]Although pulmonary hypertension (PH) had been recognised for centuries, it was not until the invention of cardiac catheterisation in the 1950s that enabled an accurate gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2, in patients with familial and clinical diagnosis. The discovery of heterozygous germline mutations in BMPR2, the idiopathic forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was another breakthrough in understanding the disease and initiated a new era in care of patients with this condition.
The lamp of medicine of Ancient Egypt is still burning
Authors: Butrous Ghazwan , Maron Bradley , Yacoub Magdi 
Published: September 2020

[No abstract. Showing first paragraph of article]In the land of Ancient Egypt, where the Pharaonic civilization flourished, one can encounter sophisticated methods of treating human illnesses. The Ancient Egyptians considered a disease and its treatment as a part of the divine intervention . The Biblical text of the Passover story tells that the divine can send a series of ten plagues, most are diseases that affected various aged groups (Exodus 7:8-12:30; Psalm 77:42-51; 104:26-36). Not only were surgery and medicine practiced with care some 5000 years ago; the Pharaonic public health systems were innovative, providing water and removing waste in many places.
Application of PCA-K-means++ combination model to construction of light vehicle driving conditions in intelligent traffic
Authors: Guo Shuqing , Wu Kangkai , Zhang Guoqing 
Published: September 2020

The construction of typical driving condition of vehicles in line with the actual road traffic conditions in China requires the selection of the same vehicle for two months to collect driving data and the obtention of 496000 driving condition data of light vehicles. The sample data are preprocessed by using multivariate statistical theory and MATLAB. After the elimination of abnormal data, the effective data are extracted before being divided into 3020 kinematic segments. Then, it takes a principal component analysis to reduce the dimension of the characteristic parameter matrix. Through K-means++ clustering algorithm, the six principal components obtained by principal component analysis are clustered into two categories. Then the typical kinematic segments are selected from various fragment libraries by using correlation coefficient method, so as to construct a typical driving condition of the vehicles in a certain city. With the application of PCA-K-means and PCA-K-means++ clustering algorithm, a driving condition curve with a duration of 1200s is constructed before its effectiveness and accuracy being compared and analyzed. The results show that the error rate of driving condition between sample data and driving condition constructed by PCA-K-mean++ clustering algorithm is less than 6 % and the error rate of average speed and acceleration standard deviation is less than 1 %. The correlation degree between working condition curve constructed by PCA-K-means ++ clustering algorithm and sample data is increased by 4.08 %. The proportion of deceleration time and idle time in vehicle driving state is obviously different, which indicates that PCA-K-means++ is a better way to solve the problem and the clustering algorithm can effectively construct the driving condition curve of light vehicles suitable for local cities.
Effects of non-meat proteins on the quality of fermented sausages
Authors: Velemir Ana , Mandić Snježana , Vučić Goran , Savanović Danica 
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Non-meat proteins are widely used in meat processing. In our study, we analyzed the effects of whey and soy protein isolates on the physicochemical and sensory properties of domestic fermented sausage.
Study objects and methods. Five groups of sausages were traditionally fermented under industrial conditions. The sausage group without the additives was labelled the control, while other sausages were manufactured with the addition of 0.5% and 1.5% protein isolates of whey and soybean. Using a quantitative descriptive test, we assessed the sensory characteristics of the sausages and instrumentally determined their color, hardness, water activity (aw), and pH.
Results and discussion. The proteins added to fermented sausages improved emulsification, texture, as well as water and fat binding capacity, which was confirmed by the results for hardness. Using a 0.5% soy protein isolate resulted in a firmer product. The additives had a minor effect on the color: the samples with the additives had a slightly lower L* value, and those with a soy protein had higher yellowness (b*).
Conclusion. Using the additives did not have a significant effect on the chemical composition and overall sensory quality of all tested samples (P > 0.05).
Evaluation of environmental indicators of RO seawater desalination: case study coastal strip of Hormozgan province, Iran
Authors: Jouzdani Somayeh Mohammadi , Zerafat Mohammad Mahdi , Arasteh Peyman Daneshkar , Vagharfard Hassan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In recent years, desalination has been turned into a fresh water supply as a solution in some areas which suffer from water shortage. Desalinated water as an industrial product causes environmental problems. The objectives of this study are investigating environmental sustainability indicators related to seawater desalination via reverse osmosis (SWRO) on the coastline of Hormozgan province to provide a better insight for current and future water and energy demands related to this alternative. The selected indicators are specific energy consumption, seawater withdrawal, and brine volume in desalination, fuel consumption, carbon emission and water withdrawal in electric power generation. Using a solution-diffusion model, the direct indicator of energy consumption was obtained as used to calculate indirect indicators from the energy generation sector. Analysis of results indicates that desalination can lead to out-of-area side effects resulting from fuel type consumed and the practical power of the power plant, in addition to the regional environmental effects that are mostly affected by total dissolved solids of feed water. Based on the results, the environmental issues should be considered for the regions where desalination was planned as the most feasible alternative for water supply. This result can help policymakers to manage water supply and demand for sustainable development appropriately.
Evaluating the performance of low impact development practices in urban runoff mitigation through distributed and combined implementation
Authors: Samouei Sina , Özger Mehmet 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rapid urbanization and increasing impervious surfaces in cities lead to a serious reduction in infiltration rate of the surface and cause challenges in stormwater management. The Low Impact Development (LID) concept is considered as a potential solution for sustainable urban growth by contributing in urban flood mitigation. However, its effects on hydrologic response of the urbanized catchments, especially in broad scale implementation, are not fully understood and practically examined. In this study a hydrologic-hydraulic model of a small catchment was developed in EPA storm water management model (SWMM) program and calibrated and validated through field measurements. The hydrologic response of the catchment was investigated after replacing proportions of impervious surfaces with combinations of LID practices such as green roof, permeable pavement and bio-retention cell, through four land cover conversion scenarios and under five different designed storm events. The simulation results which are derived by comparison of outflow hydrographs between each scenario and conventional drainage system indicated that implementing 5–20% of LIDs has a noticeable impact on runoff peak flow and volume reduction, especially in storm events with shorter return periods. Also the runoff reduction trends show a linear response due to the increase in LID implementation ratio in the study area.
Response of redox zonation to recharge in a riverbank filtration system: a case study of the Second Songhua river, NE China
Authors: Su Xiaosi , Chen Yaoxuan , Lyu Hang , Shi Yakun , Wan Yuyu , Zhang Yiwu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bank filtration induced by groundwater pumping results in redox zonation along the groundwater flow path. Besides the river water, recharge from other sources can change local redox conditions; therefore, redox zonation is likely to be complex within the riverbank filtration (RBF) system. In this study, hydrodynamics, hydrogeochemistry, and environmental stable isotopes were combined together to identify the redox conditions at an RBF site. The recharge characteristics and redox processes were revealed by monitoring the variations of water level, δ2H and δ18O, and redox indexes along shallow and deep flow paths. The results show that local groundwater is recharged from river, regional groundwater, and precipitation. The responses of redox zonation are sensitive to different sources. In the river water recharge zone near shore, O2, , Mn(IV), Fe(III), and are reduced in sequence, the ranges of each reaction are wider in deep groundwater because of the high-velocity deep flow. In the precipitation vertical recharge zone, precipitation intermittently drives O2, , and organic carbon to migrate through vadose zone, thereby decreasing the groundwater reducibility. In the regional groundwater lateral recharge zone in the depression cone, the reductive regional groundwater is continuously recharging local groundwater, leading to the cyclic reduction of Mn(IV) and Fe(III).
A field investigation on rill development and flow hydrodynamics under different upslope inflow and slope gradient conditions
Authors: Tian Pei , Pan Chengzhong , Xu Xinyi , Wu Tieniu , Yang Tiantian , Zhang Lujun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Few studies focus on the quantitative impact of upslope inflow rate and slope gradient on rill development and erosion processes. Field plot experiments under varying inflow rates (6–36 L min−1m−1) and slope gradients (26, 42 and 57%) were conducted to address this issue. The results showed soil loss rates significantly demonstrated temporal variability in relevance to the rill developing process. Rill erosion and its contribution to soil loss increased with increasing inflow rates and slope gradients by power functions. There was a threshold inflow discharge (12–24 L min−1m−1), under which, rill erosion became the dominant erosion pattern. At the initial stage, downcutting of rill bottom and headward erosion were obvious, whereas rill broadening was significant at the actively rill developing period. Rill density increased with slope gradient increasing from 26% to 42%, and then decreased. For the 57% slope under high inflow rates (24–36 L min−1m−1), gravity caused an increase in the collapse of rills. Mean rill width increased with increasing inflow rates but decreased as slope gradients increased, while mean rill depth increased with increasing inflow rates and slope gradients. Stream power and rill flow velocity were the best hydrodynamic parameter to simulate rill erosion and rill morphology, respectively.
Multi-time scale co-integration forecast of annual runoff in the source area of the Yellow River
Authors: Zhang Jinping , Li Hongbin , Sun Bin , Fang Hongyuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In order to reveal the multi-time scale of rainfall, runoff and sediment in the source area of the Yellow River and improve the accuracy of annual runoff forecast, the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) method is introduced to decompose the measured rainfall, runoff and sediment data series of the Tangnahai hydrological station in the source area of the Yellow River of China. With the co-integration theory, two new error correction models (ECMs) for the forecast of annual runoff in the source area of the Yellow River are constructed. The application of these two methods solves the problem of pseudo-regression caused by nonlinearity and non-stationary of hydrological time series. The results show that rainfall, runoff and sediment in the source area of the Yellow River have multi-time scales and the component sequences have co-integration relationships. For two new ECMs, the CEEMDAN component ECM has better forecast accuracy than the original sequence one. The relative error of all forecasted values is less than 15% except 2009, and the accuracy has reached level A.
Analysis of total monthly precipitation of Susurluk Basin in Turkey using innovative polygon trend analysis method
Authors: Ceribasi Gokmen , Ceyhunlu Ahmet Iyad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The effects of climate change caused by global warming can be seen in changes of climate variables such as precipitation, humidity, and temperatures. These effects of global climate change can be interpreted as a result of the examination of meteorological parameters. One of the most effective methods to investigate these effects is trend analysis. The Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA) method is a trend analysis method that has emerged in recent years. The distinctive features of this method compared with other trend methods are that it depends on time series and can compare data series among themselves. Therefore, in this study, the IPTA method was applied to total monthly precipitation data of Susurluk Basin, one of Turkey's important basins. Data from ten precipitation observation stations in Susurluk Basin were used. Data were provided by the General Directorate of State Meteorology Affairs. The length of this data series was 12 years (2006–2017). As a result of the study, since there is no regular polygon in IPTA graphics of each station, it is seen that precipitation data varies by years. While this change is seen increasingly at some stations, it is seen decreasingly at other stations.
Association between concentrations of chromium in drinking water and mortality due to suicide in Alabama
Authors: Whitaker Caitlyn C. , Cates Marshall E. , Cruthirds Danielle L. , Gorman Gregory S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Preclinical studies and clinical data from case series and placebo-controlled trials suggest that chromium might have antidepressant effects. We conducted an observational study in order to assess the association between concentrations of chromium in drinking water and mortality due to suicide in Alabama. Publicly available databases were used to determine both county-level concentrations of chromium in drinking water and county-level rates of mortality due to suicide in the years 2005–2015. Data analyses comparing county-level concentrations of total chromium in drinking water with mortality rate due to suicide were conducted using a two-tailed nonparametric Spearman's rank correlation, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.01 and 99% confidence interval. Sub-analyses were conducted examining males, females, whites, and blacks/other minorities. There were no statistically significant findings concerning concentrations of chromium and suicide rate in the general population (p = 0.35, r = −0.12); however, there was a statistically significant inverse relationship between the concentration of chromium and suicide deaths in whites (p = 0.009, r = −0.32). There were no statistically significant findings in the remaining demographic subgroups. Chromium in drinking water might have a protective effect against mortality due to suicide, at least in the Caucasian population.
Hydrological principle behind the development of series of bunds in ancient tank cascades in small catchments, Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera K. T. N. , Wijayaratna T. M. N. , Jayatillake H. M. , Manatunge J. M. A. , Priyadarshana Tilak 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUtilisation of water harvesting systems of ancient origin for present-day requirements can be seen in many regions of the world. The adoption of ancient tank cascades as the smallest hydrological unit of river basin development in Sri Lanka is such a practice. However, these systems are associated with unsuccessful experiences in agricultural performance while being vulnerable to both floods and droughts. Therefore, the identification of principles behind the development of cascades is vital. This study reviewed historical evidence, definitions, terminologies and studies on the development and operation of these systems. A hypothesis was then developed and tested for a specimen tank cascade using a HEC-HMS model. The routing mechanism showed that the existence of a series of bunds increases the robustness of the tank systems for flood inflows. Accordingly, the development of tank cascades is a technique used to regulate experienced peak inflows with limited technologies. This principle and the new cascade definition developed should be prime considerations along with the focus on storage when restoring the tanks in cascades. The findings provide insights into the crucial need for identifying development principles behind the ancient hydrological systems in any region of the world to adapt them sustainably.
A simplified method to improve water distribution and application uniformity for sprinkler irrigation on sloping land: adjustment of riser orientation
Authors: Hui Xin , Yan Haijun , Zhang Lin , Chen Junying 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To improve the water application uniformity for sprinkler irrigation on sloping land, indoor tests were conducted on an artificial slope (slopes of 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) to evaluate the effects of two riser orientations, vertical (VO) and perpendicular (PO) to the slope, on the uniformity of sprinkler rotation, radius of throw, water distribution of an individual sprinkler and the overlapped water application uniformity (WAU). Compared with the VO, the PO could effectively improve the water distribution on sloping land and minimize the risk of soil erosion. Additionally, the PO was superior in the WAU, and a rectangular arrangement could dramatically enhance the WAU at smaller sprinkler spacing, while larger acceptable sprinkler spacing was accepted in a triangular arrangement. The riser orientation and sprinkler spacing had the most significant effect on the WAU, followed by the slope and sprinkler arrangement, suggesting that the adjustment of riser orientation or sprinkler spacing was helpful in improving the WAU. However, from the aspects of investment cost and installation convenience for irrigation projects, the method of PO was recommended. Therefore, when designing the sprinkler irrigation systems on the slope, choosing PO is the simplest and most effective way to achieve good irrigation uniformity.