bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineered Escherichia coli strains as platforms for biological production of isoprene
Authors: Lee Hyeok‐Won , Park Jung‐Ho , Kim Won‐Kyo , Lee Jin‐Gyeom , Lee Ju‐Seok , Ahn Jung‐Oh , Lee Eun‐Gyo , Lee Hong‐Weon 
Published: March 2020

Volatile compounds can be produced by fermentation from genetically engineered microorganisms. Escherichia coli strains are mainly used for isoprene production owing to their higher titers; however, this has thus far been confined to only strains BL21, BL21 (DE3), Rosetta, and BW25113. Here, we tested four groups of E. coli strains for improved isoprene production, including K‐12 (DH5α, BW25113, W3110, MG1655, XL1‐Blue, and JM109), B [Rosetta (DE3), BL21, and BL21 (DE3)], Crooks C, and Waksman W strains. The isoprene productivity of BL21 and MG1655 was remarkably higher than that of the others in 5‐L fermentation, and scale‐up fermentation (300 L) of BL21 was successfully performed. This system shows potential for biobased production of fuel and volatile compounds in industrial applications.
Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Applications of Bimetallic Nanoparticles of Noble Metals
Authors: Loza Kateryna , Heggen Marc , Epple Matthias 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBimetallic nanoparticles of noble metals are of high interest in imaging, biomedical devices, including nanomedicine, and heterogeneous catalysis. Synthesis, properties, characterization, biological properties, and practical applicability of nanoparticles on the basis of platinum group metals and the coin metals Ag and Au are discussed, also in comparison with the corresponding monometallic nanoparticles. In addition to the parameters that are required to characterize monometallic nanoparticles (mainly size, size distribution, shape, crystallographic nature, surface functionalization, charge), further information is required for a full characterization of bimetallic nanoparticles. This concerns the overall elemental composition of a bimetallic nanoparticle population (ratio of the two metals) and the internal distribution of the elements in individual nanoparticles (e.g., the presence of homogeneous alloys, core–shell systems, and possible intermediate stages). It is also important to ensure that all particles are identical in terms of elemental composition, that is, that the homogeneity of the particle population is given. Macroscopic properties like light absorption, antibacterial effects, and catalytic activity depend on these properties. The currently available methods for a full characterization of bimetallic nanoparticles are discussed, and future developments in this field are outlined.
Designed Formation of Double‐Shelled Ni–Fe Layered‐Double‐Hydroxide Nanocages for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Jintao , Yu Le , Chen Ye , Lu Xue Feng , Gao Shuyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDelicate design of nanostructures for oxygen‐evolution electrocatalysts is an important strategy for accelerating the reaction kinetics of water splitting. In this work, Ni–Fe layered‐double‐hydroxide (LDH) nanocages with tunable shells are synthesized via a facile one‐pot self‐templating method. The number of shells can be precisely controlled by regulating the template etching at the interface. Benefiting from the double‐shelled structure with large electroactive surface area and optimized chemical composition, the hierarchical Ni–Fe LDH nanocages exhibit appealing electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte. Particularly, double‐shelled Ni–Fe LDH nanocages can achieve a current density of 20 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 246 mV with excellent stability.
Stabilizing Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes by Incorporation of Binary Alkali Cations
Authors: Li Nan , Song Lei , Jia Yongheng , Dong Yifan , Xie Fangyan , Wang Liduo , Tao Shuxia , Zhao Ni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe poor stability of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is a key bottleneck that hinders commercialization of this technology. Here, the degradation process of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3)‐based PeLEDs is carefully investigated and the device stability is improved through binary‐alkalication incorporation. Using time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry, it is found that the degradation of FAPbI3‐based PeLEDs during operation is directly associated with ion migration, and incorporation of binary alkali cations, i.e., Cs+ and Rb+, in FAPbI3 can suppress ion migration and significantly enhance the lifetime of PeLEDs. Combining experimental and theoretical approaches, it is further revealed that Cs+ and Rb+ ions stabilize the perovskite films by locating at different lattice positions, with Cs+ ions present relatively uniformly throughout the bulk perovskite, while Rb+ ions are found preferentially on the surface and grain boundaries. Further chemical bonding analysis shows that both Cs+ and Rb+ ions raise the net atomic charge of the surrounding I anions, leading to stronger Coulomb interactions between the cations and the inorganic framework. As a result, the Cs+–Rb+‐incorporated PeLEDs exhibit an external quantum efficiency of 15.84%, the highest among alkali cation‐incorporated FAPbI3 devices. More importantly, the PeLEDs show significantly enhanced operation stability, achieving a half‐lifetime over 3600 min.
Electrochemical Dearomative Dihydroxylation and Hydroxycyclization of Indoles
Authors: Wu Ju , Guillot Régis , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Vincent Guillaume 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe describe a simple and sustainable MgBr2‐mediated electrochemical dearomative dihydroxylation and hydroxycyclization reactions of indoles with water. MgBr2 is used in substoichiometric amount and acts as an electrolyte and potentially as a redox mediator to indirectly oxidize the indole nucleus into a bromonium ion which is involved in the aforementioned reactions.magnified image
The novel R211Q POP1 homozygous mutation causes different pathogenesis and skeletal changes from those of previously reported POP1‐associated anauxetic dysplasia
Authors: Abdulhadi‐Atwan Maha , Klopstock Tehila , Sharaf Muna , Weinberg‐Shukron Ariella , Renbaum Paul , Levy‐Lahad Ephrat , Zangen David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProcessing of Precursor RNA 1 (POP1) is a core protein component shared by two essential closely related eukaryotic ribonucleoprotein complexes: RNase MRP (the mitochondrial RNA processing ribonuclease) and RNase P. Recently, five patients harboring mutations in POP1 have been reported with severe spondylo‐epi‐metaphyseal dysplasia and extremely short stature. We report a unique clinical phenotype resulting from the novel homozygous R211Q POP1 mutation in three patients from one family, presenting with severe short stature but only subtle skeletal dysplastic changes that are merely metaphyseal. The RNA moiety of the RNase‐MRP complex quantified in RNA extracted from peripheral lymphocytes was dramatically reduced in affected patients indicating instability of the enzymatic complex. However, pre5.8s rRNA, a substrate of RNase‐MRP complex, was not accumulated in patients' RNA unlike in the previously reported POP1 mutations; this may explain the uniquely mild phenotype in our cases, and questions the assumption that alteration in ribosomal biogenesis is the pathophysiological basis for skeletal disorders caused by POP1 mutations. Finally, POP1 mutations should be considered in familial cases with severe short stature even when skeletal dysplasia is not strongly evident.
Widening the gap: White ignorance, race relations and the consequences for Aboriginal people in Australia
Authors: Taylor Penny Skye , Habibis Daphne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhite ignorance has a critical impact on race relations and is implicated in the maintenance of Aboriginal disadvantage. Addressing this ignorance is a largely overlooked capacity‐building opportunity within Australia's non‐Aboriginal population. It warrants consideration as a key component of strategies targeting Aboriginal disadvantage. Despite the established links between race relations and Aboriginal well‐being, Aboriginal perspectives on non‐Aboriginal people rarely feature in public discourse on “Aboriginal problems.” This paper draws on data from 180 in‐depth interviews with 44 Aboriginal people in Darwin on the topic of White Australian people, culture and race relations. It reports Aboriginal perceptions of White Australian ignorance across areas of great symbolic and practical significance to Aboriginal people's lives. Their experience is that most White Australians are ignorant of the history of colonisation and the complexities of its aftermath. They are ignorant of Aboriginal law, cultures and languages, and of the extent of their own ignorance. The call to address White ignorance subverts assumptions about whose ignorance and capacity must be dealt with in order to progress national goals of reconciliation, address Aboriginal disadvantage and achieve justice and equality for Aboriginal people.
Profibrotic Activation of Human Macrophages in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Bhandari Rajan , Ball Michael S. , Martyanov Viktor , Popovich Dillon , Schaafsma Evelien , Han Saemi , ElTanbouly Mohamed , Orzechowski Nicole M. , Carns Mary , Arroyo Esperanza , Aren Kathleen , Hinchcliff Monique , Whitfield Michael L. , Pioli Patricia A. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveGenome‐wide gene expression studies implicate macrophages as mediators of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc), but little is known about how these cells contribute to fibrotic activation in SSc. We undertook this study to characterize the activation profile of SSc monocyte‐derived macrophages and assessed their interaction with SSc fibroblasts.MethodsPlasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from whole blood from SSc patients (n = 24) and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (n = 12). Monocytes were cultured with autologous or allogeneic plasma to differentiate cells into macrophages. For reciprocal activation studies, macrophages were cocultured with fibroblasts using Transwell plates.ResultsThe gene expression signature associated with blood‐derived human SSc macrophages was enriched in SSc skin in an independent cohort and correlated with skin fibrosis. SSc macrophages expressed surface markers associated with activation and released CCL2, interleukin‐6, and transforming growth factor β under basal conditions (n = 8) (P < 0.05). Differentiation of healthy donor monocytes in plasma from SSc patients conferred the immunophenotype of SSc macrophages (n = 13) (P < 0.05). Transwell experiments demonstrated that coculture of SSc macrophages with SSc fibroblasts induced fibroblast activation (n = 3) (P < 0.05).ConclusionThese data demonstrate that the activation profile of SSc macrophages is profibrotic. SSc macrophages are activated under basal conditions and release mediators and express surface markers associated with both alternative and inflammatory macrophage activation. These findings also suggest that activation of SSc macrophages arises from soluble factors in local microenvironments. These studies implicate macrophages as likely drivers of fibrosis in SSc and suggest that therapeutic targeting of these cells may be beneficial in ameliorating disease in SSc patients.
Direct Binding to NLRP3 Pyrin Domain as a Novel Strategy to Prevent NLRP3‐Driven Inflammation and Gouty Arthritis
Authors: Yang Gabsik , Lee Hye E. , Moon Su‐Jin , Ko Kyung M. , Koh Jung H. , Seok Jin K. , Min Jun‐Ki , Heo Tae‐Hwe , Kang Han C. , Cho Yong‐Yeon , Lee Hye S. , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Lee Joo Y. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe NLRP3 inflammasome is closely linked to the pathophysiology of a wide range of inflammatory diseases. This study was undertaken to identify small molecules that directly bind to NLRP3 in order to develop pharmacologic interventions for NLRP3‐related diseases.MethodsA structure‐based virtual screening analysis was performed with ~62,800 compounds to select efficient NLRP3 inhibitors. The production of caspase 1‐p10 and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) was measured by immunoblotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to examine NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Two gouty arthritis models and an air pouch inflammation model induced by monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystal injection were used for in vivo experiments. Primary synovial fluid cells from gout patients were used to determine the relevance of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in human gout.ResultsBeta‐carotene (provitamin A) suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by various activators, including MSU crystals, in mouse bone marrow–derived primary macrophages (P < 0.05). Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated the direct binding of β‐carotene to the pyrin domain (PYD) of NLRP3 (KD = 3.41 × 10−6). Molecular modeling and mutation assays revealed the interaction mode between β‐carotene and the NLRP3 PYD. Inflammatory symptoms induced by MSU crystals were attenuated by oral administration of β‐carotene in gouty arthritis mouse models (P < 0.05), correlating with its suppressive effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome in inflamed tissues. Furthermore, β‐carotene reduced IL‐1β secretion from human synovial fluid cells isolated from gout patients (P < 0.05), showing its inhibitory efficacy in human gout.ConclusionOur results present β‐carotene as a selective and direct inhibitor of NLRP3, and the binding of β‐carotene to NLRP3 PYD as a novel pharmacologic strategy to combat NLRP3 inflammasome–driven diseases, including gouty arthritis.
Optimization of β‐mannanase production by Bacillus subtilis US191 using economical agricultural substrates
Authors: Blibech Monia , Farhat‐Khemakhem Ameny , Kriaa Mouna , Aslouj Rania , Boukhris Ines , Alghamdi Othman A. , Chouayekh Hichem 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Bacillus subtilis US191 strain producing highly thermostable β‐mannanase was previously selected as potential probiotic candidate for application as feed supplement in poultry industry. Initially, the level of extracellular β‐mannanase production by this strain was 1.48 U ml−1. To improve this enzyme titer, the present study was undertaken to optimize the fermentation conditions through experimental designs and valorization of agro‐industrial byproducts. Using the Plackett–Burman design, in submerged fermentation, a set of 14 culture variables was evaluated in terms of their effects on β‐mannanase production. Locust bean gum (LBG), soymeal, temperature, and inoculum size were subsequently optimized by response surface methodology using Box–Behnken design. Under optimized conditions (1 g L−1 LBG, 8 g L−1 soymeal, temperature of 30°C and inoculum size of 1010 CFU ml−1), a 2.59‐fold enhancement in β‐mannanase titer was achieved. Next, to decrease the enzyme production cost, the effect of partial substitution of LBG (1 g L−1) by agro‐industrial byproducts was investigated, and a Taguchi design was applied. This allowed the attaining of a β‐mannanase production level of 8.75 U ml−1 in presence of 0.25 g L−1 LBG, 5 g L−1 of coffee residue powder, 5 g L−1 of date seeds powder, and 5 g L−1 of prickly pear seeds powder as mannans sources. Overall, a 5.91‐fold improvement in β‐mannanase production by B. subtilis US191 was achieved.
The “histological replacement growth pattern” represents aggressive invasive behavior in liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer
Authors: Watanabe Kazuo , Mitsunaga Shuichi , Kojima Motohiro , Suzuki Hidetaka , Irisawa Ai , Takahashi Hideaki , Sasaki Mitsuhito , Hashimoto Yusuke , Imaoka Hiroshi , Ohno Izumi , Ikeda Masafumi , Akimoto Tetsuo , Ochiai Atsushi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the case of liver metastasis (LM), tumors showing the replacement growth pattern (RGP), in which metastatic cells infiltrate and replace hepatocytes with minimal desmoplastic reaction and inflammatory cell infiltration, associate with a poor prognosis. The heterogeneity, frequency, and prognostic value of the RGP in LM from pancreatic cancer (PCa) are not well known.MethodsIn the circumference of treatment‐naïve resected LMs from patients with PCa, the heterogeneity of the GP was assessed. Next, the clinicopathological features of LMs showing the RGP in needle biopsy specimens were investigated in patients with treatment‐naïve advanced PCa.ResultsThirteen of the 14 (93%) in all resected LMs and 7 of the 9 (78%) in RGP component GP in resected LMs showed homogeneous GP. A RGP was found in 50% of the needle biopsy specimens of LMs obtained from 107 patients. The median overall survival times in the RGP group and non‐RGP group were 3.6 and 10.4 months. Multivariate analysis identified RGP as an independent poor prognostic factor. Median value of CD8 positive percentage in RGP was lower than that in non‐RGP (0.75 vs 1.46, P = .04). Median overall survival times in low CD8 groups tend to be shorter than those in high CD8 group (8.2 vs 4.2 months).ConclusionMost LMs from PCa show a homogeneous GP. The RGP was observed in about a half of the LMs from PCa patients, and was identified as a poor prognostic factor.
Synthesis of Novel (9S)‐Acyloxy Derivatives of Quinidine and Dihydroquinidine as Insecticidal Agents
Authors: Che Zhiping , Yang Jinming , Sun Di , Tian Yuee , Liu Shengming , Lin Xiaomin , Jiang Jia , Chen Genqiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEndeavor to discover biorational natural products‐based insecticides, two series (30) of novel (9S)‐acyloxy derivatives of quinidine and dihydroquinidine were prepared and assessed for their insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata in vivo by the leaf‐dipping method at 1 mg/mL. Among all the compounds, especially four derivatives exhibited the best insecticidal activity with final mortality rates of 71.4 %, 75.0 %, 71.4 %, and 75.0 %, respectively. Relatively speaking, 9‐hydroxy group is well tolerated, and the results showed that after modification of the hydroxy group with an acyloxy group, the insecticidal activity was significantly increased; the configuration at C8/9 position is important for insecticidal activity, and the (9S)‐configuration is optimal; modification of the out‐ring double bond is acceptable, and hydrogenation of the double bond enhances insecticidal activity. These preliminary results will pave the way for further modification of quinidine in the development of potential new insecticides.
CircRNA_0005075 suppresses carcinogenesis via regulating miR‐431/p53/epithelial‐mesenchymal transition axis in gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Jiaming , Chen Zhiheng , Song Yihuan , Zhu Yi , Dou Guangjian , Shen Xuning , Zhou Yuan , Jiang Honggang , Li Jin , Peng Yuping 
Published: March 2020

This study was aimed to explore the expression and biological function of circRNA_0005075 in gastric cancer (GC) progression and its underlying mechanism. First, the expression level of circRNA_0005075 and microRNA‐431 (miR‐431) in GC tissues were detected with the quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, after down‐regulated the circRNA_0005075 expression by plasmid transfection in GC cells, the Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), EDU, transwell assay were conducted to evaluate the function of circRNA_0005075 or miR‐431 on cell proliferation, metastasis in vitro. Moreover, p53 and Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway related proteins were also measured with western blotting. Then, our data revealed that CircRNA_0005075 was found to be significantly up‐regulated in GC tissues as well as GC cell lines, and the GC patients with higher CircRNA_0005075 expression were more likely to have poor outcomes. Down‐regulation of CircRNA_0005075 could significantly suppress the GC cell proliferation and cell metastasis ability, while the addition of miR‐431 inhibitors could counteract this effect. Importantly, we discovered that the silencing of circRNA_0005075 could weaken the micro‐RNA sponge function for miR‐431, and then upregulate the expression of p53 and forbid the EMT signalling pathway, and finally suppress the tumourigenesis of GC. To sum up, CircRNA_0005075 could inhibit cell growth and metastasis of GC through regulating the miR‐431/p53/EMT axis.Significance of the studyThe research clearly elucidated the potential role and relative regulatory mechanism of circRNA_0005075 in gastric cancer (GC) progression. Briefly, circRNA_0005075 could directly inhibit the expression level of miR‐431, then regulate the p53/Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition axis, and finally inhibit cell growth and metastasis in GC. Consequently, circRNA_0005075 might act as an oncogene in the GC procession, which provides a promising way for the treatment of GC.
Relationship between resting full‐cycle ratio and fractional flow reserve in assessments of coronary stenosis severity
Authors: Muroya Takahiro , Kawano Hiroaki , Hata Shiro , Shinboku Hiroki , Sonoda Koichiro , Kusumoto Saburo , Eto Ryo , Otsuka Kaishi , Maemura Koji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimComparisons between the resting full‐cycle ratio (RFR), a new physiological resting index, and fractional flow reserve (FFR) in terms of prognostic value are limited. We aimed to identify the prognostic value of concordance between RFR and FFR and to determine the stability of measured RFR.Methods and ResultsWe measured FFR and RFR in 161 coronary arteries of 119 patients and classified the data using known cutoffs for FFR (≤0.80) and RFR (≤0.89) into groups; high FFR and high RFR (high FFR/low RFR) group, high FFR and low RFR (high FFR/low RFR) group, low FFR and high RFR (low FFR/high RFR) group, and low FFR and low RFR (low FFR/low RFR) group. The concordance rates in these groups were 42.2% (68/161), 4.4% (7/161), 14.3% (23/161), and 39.1% (63/161), respectively. The concordance between FFR and RFR was 81.4%. The prevalence of females was significantly higher, values for hemoglobin values were significantly lower, and average E/E′ (an index of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function by echocardiography) was significantly higher in high FFR/low RFR group than in low FFR/high RFR group (p = .008, .050, and .028, respectively).ConclusionsThe RFR and FFR values consistently agreed. Female, anemia, and LV diastolic dysfunction may be related to the difference of discordance between high FFR/low RFR and low FFR/high RFR.
Macrogonadotropinoma, a venous thromboembolic event and asymptomatic extensive periventricular white matter changes in a patient with Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Namboodiri Divya , Ng Hui Yi , Zala Aakansha , Magnussen John , Davidson Andrew , Champion Bernard , Preda Veronica 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGonadotropinoma in Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is uncommon and may be a result of protracted stimulation of gonadotrophs from lack of androgen feedback. Associations of white matter changes and increased venous thromboembolic risk have been reported and need to be considered in patients with KS.
Metal‐Free Oxidative Decarboxylative Heteroannulation of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids with Sulfinates and tert‐Butyl Nitrite toward 2,2‐Disulfonyl‐2H‐Azirines
Authors: Yue Xin , He Xingyi , Wu Yan‐Chen , Hu Ming , Wu Shuang , Xie Ye‐Xiang , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new TBAF (tetrabutylammonium fluoride)‐promoted TBHP (tert‐butyl hydroperoxide)‐mediated decarboxylative heteroannulation cascades of alkynyl carboxylic acids with sodium sulfinates and TBN (tert‐butyl nitrite) has been developed for producing 2,2‐disulfonyl‐2H‐azirines under metal‐free conditions. By employing readily available tert‐butyl nitrite as the nitrogen source, the method enable the formation of four new chemical bonds in a single reaction through decarboxylation, sulfonylatyion and nitrogen‐incorporation annulation cascades, and provides an efficient access to disulfonylated 2H‐azirines.