bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malaria in pregnancy regulates P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp/Abcb1a) and ABCA1 efflux transporters in the Mouse Visceral Yolk Sac
Authors: Martinelli Lilian M. , Fontes Klaus N. , Reginatto Mila W. , Andrade Cherley B. V. , Monteiro Victoria R. S. , Gomes Hanailly R. , Silva‐Filho Joao L. , Pinheiro Ana A. S. , Vago Annamaria R. , Almeida Fernanda R. C. L. , Bloise Flavia F. , Matthews Stephen G. , Ortiga‐Carvalho Tania M. , Bloise Enrrico 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMalaria in pregnancy (MiP) induces intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm labour (PTL). However, its effects on yolk sac morphology and function are largely unexplored. We hypothesized that MiP modifies yolk sac morphology and efflux transport potential by modulating ABC efflux transporters. C57BL/6 mice injected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (5 × 105 infected erythrocytes) at gestational day (GD) 13.5 were subjected to yolk sac membrane harvesting at GD 18.5 for histology, qPCR and immunohistochemistry. MiP did not alter the volumetric proportion of the yolk sac's histological components. However, it increased levels of Abcb1a mRNA (encoding P‐glycoprotein) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (Mif chemokine), while decreasing Abcg1 (P < 0.05); without altering Abca1, Abcb1b, Abcg2, Snat1, Snat2, interleukin (Il)‐1β and C‐C Motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2). Transcripts of Il‐6, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 1 (Cxcl1), Glut1 and Snat4 were not detectible. ABCA1, ABCG1, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P‐gp were primarily immunolocalized to the cell membranes and cytoplasm of endodermic epithelium but also in the mesothelium and in the endothelium of mesodermic blood vessels. Intensity of P‐gp labelling was stronger in both endodermic epithelium and mesothelium, whereas ABCA1 labelling increased in the endothelium of the mesodermic blood vessels. The presence of ABC transporters in the yolk sac wall suggests that this fetal membrane acts as an important protective gestational barrier. Changes in ABCA1 and P‐gp in MiP may alter the biodistribution of toxic substances, xenobiotics, nutrients and immunological factors within the fetal compartment and participate in the pathogenesis of malaria‐induced IUGR and PTL.
Genetic variation in ABCB5 associates with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Leung Idy C.‐Y. , Chong Charing C.‐N. , Cheung Tan T. , Yeung Philip C. , Ng Kelvin K.‐C. , Lai Paul B.‐S. , Chan Stephen L. , Chan Anthony W.‐H. , Tang Patrick M.‐K. , Cheung Siu T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExpression of ATP‐binding cassette B5 (ABCB5) has been demonstrated to confer chemoresistance, enhance cancer stem cell properties and associate with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variations of ABCB5 in HCC patients with reference to healthy individuals and the clinicopathological significance. A pilot study has examined 20 out of 300 pairs HCC and paralleled blood samples using conventional sequencing method to cover all exons and exon/intron regions to investigate whether there will be novel variant sequence and mutation event. A total of 300 HCC and 300 healthy blood DNA samples were then examined by Sequenom MassARRAY genotyping and pyrosequencing for 38 SNP and 1 INDEL in ABCB5. Five novel SNPs were identified in ABCB5. Comparison of DNA from blood samples of HCC and healthy demonstrated that ABCB5 SNPs rs75494098, rs4721940 and rs10254317 were associated with HCC risk. Specific ABCB5 variants were associated with aggressive HCC features. SNP rs17143212 was significantly associated with ABCB5 expression level. Nonetheless, the paralleled blood and tumour DNA sequences from HCC patients indicated that ABCB5 mutation in tumours was not common and corroborated the TCGA data sets. In conclusion, ABCB5 genetic variants had significant association with HCC risk and aggressive tumour properties.
Research Review: The relationship between social anxiety and social cognition in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pearcey Samantha , Gordon Kate , Chakrabarti Bhismadev , Dodd Helen , Halldorsson Brynjar , Creswell Cathy 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundChildhood Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is common and impairing. The recommended treatment is a disorder specific form of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) that includes social skills training and, whilst they appear to be more effective than more general treatments, it is not clear whether social skills training is the critical component involved in improved outcomes, particularly given that evidence for the relationship between social anxiety and social skills deficits in children is inconsistent. This may be partly due to an overlap in their observable features, and because the nature of the association may vary in different contexts (e.g. according to child age). An alternative approach is to examine the association between social anxiety and the social cognitive capacities that underpin social skills. This paper aims to examine the association between social anxiety and social cognition in children and adolescents, and examine conceptual and methodological moderators of this relationship.MethodsPapers published between 1980 and 2019 were screened systematically. Fifty studies were identified from which an effect size could be calculated for the relationship between social anxiety and social cognition, including 15,411 children and adolescents.ResultsAn overall significant, but moderate effect (r = −.15) was identified, where increased social anxiety was associated with lower social cognitive ability. Moderation analyses revealed specific associations within studies examining social anxiety among participants with and without ASD who were older than 7 years old, and studies assessing the relationship between social anxiety and specific aspects of Theory of Mind (ToM). No significant association was identified between social anxiety and emotion recognition.ConclusionsSignificant associations between social anxiety and social cognitive abilities appear to be accounted for by elevated social anxiety among children with ASD, and those with difficulties in specific aspects of ToM but not broader social skills, such as emotion recognition. This reinforces the importance of accurately identifying and treating social anxiety within ASD populations. In addition, treatments for social anxiety among neurotypical populations may benefit from targeting particular aspects of ToM rather than emotion recognition and other broad social skills.
Tolerance and efficacy of a new celastrol‐containing balm as adjunct care in psoriasis
Authors: Thouvenin M.D. , Dalmon S. , Theunis J. , Lauze C. , Coubetergues H. , Mengeaud V. , Calvet B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with psoriasis, the non‐lesional skin also presents abnormalities, requiring emollient application on the whole body.ObjectivesTo evaluate the tolerance of a new emollient balm containing celastrol, an active ingredient with anti‐Th17 immunomodulatory properties used alone or in association with topical or systemic drug treatments or phototherapy, and its efficacy when used alone.MethodsAdults with body plaque psoriasis applied the product over the whole body once a day for 4 weeks (balm used alone in 41 patients and with ongoing treatment in 50 patients). At D1, D8 (‘balm alone’ study) or D15 (‘balm in association’ study) and D29, the dermatologist rated physical and functional signs and assessed pruritus and body global lesion score (evaluating erythema, induration/thickness, scaling and dryness) in the ‘balm alone’ study.ResultsNo reaction related to the product was reported, and the tolerance was deemed excellent. In the ‘balm alone’ study, mean pruritus intensity score significantly decreased at D8 (−39%, P < 0.001) and D29 (−60%, P < 0.001) compared with D1, together with the body global lesion score (−24% at D8 and −26% at D29, P < 0.001). In parallel, quality of life improved, as evidenced by a patient‐reported outcome questionnaire. Cosmetic acceptability was good.ConclusionThis new emollient balm was very well tolerated by patients with body plaque psoriasis either alone or in association with drug treatment or phototherapy, which is important to ensure long‐term compliance. Daily application during one month improved pruritus, physical signs and quality of life.
Outcome assessment in dermatology clinical trials and cochrane reviews: call for a dermatology‐specific outcome taxonomy
Authors: Lange T. , Kottner J. , Weberschock T. , Hahnel E. , Apfelbacher C. , Brandstetter S. , Dreher A. , Datzmann T. , Burden‐Teh E. , Rogers N.K. , Spuls P. , Grainge M.J. , Jacobi L. , Williams H.C. , Schmitt J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundStandardized outcome reporting is crucial for trial evidence synthesis and translation of findings into clinical decision‐making. The OMERACT 2.0 Filter and COMET outcome domain taxonomy propose frameworks for consistent reporting of outcomes. There is an absence of a uniform dermatology‐specific reporting strategy that uses precise and consistent outcome definitions.ObjectivesOur aim was to map efficacy/effectiveness outcomes assessed in dermatological trials to the OMERACT 2.0 Filter as a starting point for developing an outcome taxonomy in dermatology.MethodsWe critically appraised 10 Cochrane Skin Reviews randomly selected from all 69 Cochrane Skin Reviews published until 01/2015 and the 220 trials included covering a broad spectrum of dermatological conditions and interventions. Efficacy/effectiveness outcomes were mapped to core areas and domains according to the OMERACT 2.0 Filter. The extracted trial outcomes were used for critical appraisal of outcome reporting in dermatology trials and for the preliminary development of a dermatology‐specific outcome taxonomy.ResultsThe allocation of 1086 extracted efficacy/effectiveness outcomes to the OMERACT 2.0 Filter resulted in a hierarchically structured dermatology‐specific outcome classification. In 506 outcomes (47%), the outcome concept to be measured was insufficiently described, hindering meaningful evidence synthesis. Although the core areas assessed in different dermatology trials of the same condition overlap considerably, quantitative evidence synthesis usually failed due to imprecise outcome definitions, non‐comparable outcome measurement instruments, metrics and reporting.ConclusionsWe present an efficacy/effectiveness outcome classification as a starting point for a dermatology‐specific taxonomy to provide trialists and reviewers with the opportunity to better synthesize and compare evidence.
Suppression of Helicobacter pylori infection by daily cranberry intake: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Li Zhe‐Xuan , Ma Jun‐Ling , Guo Yang , Liu Wei‐Dong , Li Ming , Zhang Lan‐Fu , Zhang Yang , Zhou Tong , Zhang Jing‐Ying , Gao Ha‐Er , Guo Xiao‐Ying , Ye Dong‐Man , Li Wen‐Qing , You Wei‐Cheng , Pan Kai‐Feng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and aimDietary strategies that contribute to reducing incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection without negative side effects are highly desirable owing to worldwide bacterial prevalence and carcinogenesis potential. The aim of this study was to determine dosage effect of daily cranberry consumption on H. pylori suppression over time in infected adults to assess the potential of this complementary management strategy in a region with high gastric cancer risk and high prevalence of H. pylori infection.MethodsThis double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial on 522 H. pylori‐positive adults evaluated dose–response effects of proanthocyanidin‐standardized cranberry juice, cranberry powder, or their placebos on suppression of H. pylori at 2 and 8 weeks by 13C‐urea breath testing and eradication at 45 days post‐intervention.ResultsH. pylori‐negative rates in placebo, low‐proanthocyanidin, medium‐proanthocyanidin, and high‐proanthocyanidin cranberry juice groups at week 2 were 13.24%, 7.58%, 1.49%, and 13.85% and at week 8 were 7.35%, 7.58%, 4.48%, and 20.00%, respectively. Consumption of high‐proanthocyanidin juice twice daily (44 mg proanthocyanidin/240‐mL serving) for 8 weeks resulted in decreased H. pylori infection rate by 20% as compared with other dosages and placebo (P < 0.05). Percentage of H. pylori‐negative participants increased from 2 to 8 weeks in subjects who consumed 44 mg proanthocyanidin/day juice once or twice daily, showing a statistically significant positive trend over time. Encapsulated cranberry powder doses were not significantly effective at either time point. Overall trial compliance was 94.25%. Cranberry juice and powder were well‐tolerated.ConclusionsTwice‐daily consumption of proanthocyanidin‐standardized cranberry juice may help potentiate suppression of H. pylori infection. Trial registration: ChiCTR1800017522, per WHO ICTRP.
Anxious, Depressed, and Planning for the Future: Advance Care Planning in Diverse Older Adults
Authors: McMahan Ryan D. , Barnes Deborah E. , Ritchie Christine S. , Jin Chengshi , Shi Ying , David Daniel , Walker Evan J. , Tang Victoria L. , Sudore Rebecca L. 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVESTo determine whether depression and anxiety are associated with advance care planning (ACP) engagement or values concerning future medical care.DESIGNCross‐sectional.PARTICIPANTSEnglish‐ and Spanish‐speaking patients, aged 55 years and older, from a San Francisco, CA, county hospital.MEASURESDepression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire 8‐item scale, and anxiety was measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7‐item scale, using standardized cutoffs of 10 or more for moderate‐to‐severe symptoms. ACP engagement was measured using validated surveys of ACP behavior change (e.g., self‐efficacy and readiness; mean five‐point Likert score) and ACP actions (e.g., ask, discuss, and document wishes; 0‐ to 25‐point scale), with higher scores representing higher engagement. In addition, we asked a question about valuing life extension (“some health situations would make life not worth living”). We used adjusted linear and logistic regression.RESULTSMean age of 986 participants was 63 years, 81% were non‐White, 39% had limited health literacy, 45% were Spanish speaking, 13% had depression, and 10% had anxiety. After adjustment for demographic and health status variables, participants who were depressed versus not depressed had higher ACP behavior change scores (0.2 points; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.06–0.38; P = .007), higher ACP action scores (1.5 points; 95% CI = 0.51–2.57; P = .003), and higher odds of not valuing life extension (odds ratio (OR) = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.5–4.3; P < .001). Results were similar in participants with versus without anxiety (ACP behavior change: 0.2 points; 95% CI = 0.05–0.40; P = .01; ACP action scores: 1.2 points; 95% CI = 0.14–2.32; P = .028; odds of not valuing life extension: OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.3–3.9; P = .004).CONCLUSIONDepression and anxiety were associated with greater ACP engagement and not valuing life extension. Although the direction of association between ACP engagement and values with anxiety and depression cannot be determined in this cross‐sectional study, these conditions may influence ACP preferences. Future studies should assess whether changes in anxiety or depression affect ACP preferences over time.
A Timosaponin B‐II containing scalp care solution for improvement of scalp hydration, dandruff reduction, and hair loss prevention: A comparative study on healthy volunteers before and after application
Authors: Xiao Lei , Zhang Xia , Chen Zhiyi , Li Bing , Li Lin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe plant species Anemarrhena asphodeloides has commonly been used for health and therapeutic purposes. Timosaponin B‐II, which is present at a high concentration in A asphodeloides, was found to enhance the immune and anti‐inflammatory responses of human bodies.AimsTo evaluate benefits of a timosaponin B‐II containing scalp care solution on hair loss prevention and scalp healthiness in multiple physiological and biological profiles.MethodsPrior the study, 90 subjects applied scalp care solution base without timosaponin B‐II for two weeks followed by application of the scalp care solution containing 0.5% timosaponin B‐II for 28 days. The subject's hair follicle hydrocortisone level, hair fall number, hair luster level, dandruff level, sensation score, hydration level, lipid level, redness as well as the pH level of scalps were quantitatively assessed every 7 days.ResultsMultiple parameters on hair and scalp conditions were promoted by application of the timosaponin B‐II containing scalp care solution. Compared to baseline values, significant improvements in hair luster, scalp hydration, hair fall number, and scalp redness level could be observed.ConclusionTimosaponin B‐II promotes multiple physiological factors on hair and scalps. The scalp care solution containing A asphodeloides extracts may benefit the scalp healthiness and hair loss prevention.
Nurses’ perceptions in caring for people with dementia in Dutch acute hospitals
Authors: Keuning‐Plantinga Annette , Roodbol Petrie F. , Krijnen Wim P. , Finnema Evelyn J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesOverall, this study aimed to describe nursing care for patients with dementia in acute hospitals, with the objectives of describing the provided nursing care (a), nurses’ attitudes and perceptions in caring for patients with dementia (b), and exploring how nurses deal with challenging behaviour (c). Additionally, we determined background variables associated with caring for people with dementia.BackgroundDue to comorbidities, people with dementia are frequently admitted to acute care hospitals. Here, they are at high risk of complications. Nurses strive for good care but regularly experience insufficient knowledge and skills regarding caring for people with dementia.DesignA cross‐sectional survey study design.MethodsData were collected in seven Dutch acute hospitals and through social media. In total, 229 hospital nurses completed the questionnaire. We used the Geriatric In‐Hospital Nursing Care Questionnaire and two subscales of Hynninen on managing challenging behaviour. This report followed the STROBE checklist.ResultsNurses express that they often apply general preventive interventions not explicitly related to dementia care. In general, nurses have mixed feelings about the nursing care provided in their department. For challenging behaviour, a variety of approaches, including restrictive measures and medication, is applied. The nurses’ attitudes and perceptions are influenced by the type of hospital where the nurses work, the level of education, the number of hours nurses work, and if the nurses completed a course on dementia in the last year.ConclusionsDespite a positive attitude, nurses do not have the specific knowledge and skills needed to provide proper care. Nurses who recently completed a course on dementia had more positive attitudes and perceptions towards caring for patients with dementia.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this research can be used to improve the quality of nursing care for patients with dementia in acute hospitals.
Judicial Procedural Involvement (JPI): A Metric for Judges’ Role in Civil Litigation, Settlement, and Access to Justice
Authors: Sela Ayelet , Gabay‐Egozi Limor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe examine judges’ role in civil litigation by studying empirically the relationship between judicial procedural involvement (JPI) and lawsuits’ mode of disposition (MoD). Furthermore, we propose JPI as a metric for the allocation of judicial attention to litigants. Applying the framework to Israeli trial court data, we find that 60 per cent of cases included JPI (through hearings and rulings on motions) whereas 40 per cent involved only the court's institutional function. By juxtaposing JPI and MoD data, we shed light on the scope of judicial involvement in settlements, the ratio between judges’ normative public‐life function and their problem‐solving function, and other pertinent questions. Since nowadays lawsuits are rarely adjudicated, trial rates are low, and litigants in person (pro se litigants) are common, we argue that access to justice should also be construed in terms of access to judicial attention throughout the proceeding, which is readily measurable through JPI.
THE JUSTICE IN MERCY
Authors: Couenhoven Jesse 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is natural to wonder how mercy is related to justice. I focus in this essay on a more limited question: how should we relate mercy and retributive justice? My suggestion is that attending to our situation as moral agents can help us solve this conundrum. I offer a pessimistic reading of our situation. Because of original sin and related forms of bad moral luck, we have limited control over our attitudes and actions. This has a surprisingly hopeful upshot, since our unfortunate condition makes it appropriate to respond to one another mercifully. I suggest that this response can take two forms. Without collapsing justice into mercy, it is right to make our approach to justice and punishment more merciful and to recognize the fittingness of “erring” on the side of mercy when we are uncertain how to apportion blame.
TheZhuangzion Coping with Society
Authors: D’Ambrosio Paul J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStories in theZhuangzidetailing expert artisans and other extraordinary people are often read as celebrations of “skills” or “knacks.” In this paper, I will argue that they would be more accurately understood as “coping” stories. Taken as a celebration of one’s “skill” or “knack” they transform theZhuangziinto an implicit advocate of conforming to, or even identifying with, one’s social roles. I will argue that the stories of artisans and extraordinarily skilled people are less about cultivating one’s talents so as to “find one’s calling,” better fulfill social expectations, or achieve oneness withDao, than they are concerned with developing strategies for coping with natural and social contingencies. Read in this way, there is much to learn from theZhuangziwhen reflecting on contemporary social and political issues, especially those related to meritocratic hubris.
Breastfeeding in hospitalised preterm infants: A survey from 18 tertiary neonatal intensive care units across mainland China
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Lu Hong 
Published: August 2020

AimTo understand the use of breast milk and breastfeeding in preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in mainland China.MethodsAn online questionnaire survey of reported practices was conducted among 18 tertiary NICUs distributed across all seven districts in mainland China. The items of the questionnaire consisted of the following areas: breastfeeding rate of preterm infants (<37 weeks' gestation) at discharge, the standards used for guiding the clinical practice and the use of breast milk and breastfeeding.ResultsOn average, across all hospitals, breastfeeding rate for preterm infants at discharge was 65%, with 41% preterm infants being exclusively breastfed during the hospitalisation prior to discharge. Sixteen (89%) NICUs had policies designating breast milk as the preferred first feed for preterm infants. Donor milk was available in 3 of 18 (17%) NICUs. Kangaroo care was provided in 11 of 18 (61%) NICUs, and 14 of 18 (78%) allowed parental access to the hospitalised preterm infants. A large variation was found in clinical practices around the breast milk testing, breast milk storage and transportation and breast milk fortification methods among different NICUs.ConclusionsThe use of breast milk in hospitalised preterm infants has increased greatly but still needs to be further improved. A recommendation is made to conduct high‐quality original trials to find evidence of the controversial problems, develop evidence‐based guidelines, promote the best implementation of the guidelines and provide updated breastfeeding education to health‐care providers in order to standardise the use of breast milk and breastfeeding in hospitalised preterm infants.