bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of cellular micromotion by advanced signal processing
Authors: Rinner Stephan , Trentino Alberto , Url Heike , Burger Florian , von Lautz Julian , Wolfrum Bernhard , Reinhard Friedemann 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCellular micromotion—a tiny movement of cell membranes on the nm-µm scale—has been proposed as a pathway for inter-cellular signal transduction and as a label-free proxy signal to neural activity. Here we harness several recent approaches of signal processing to detect such micromotion in video recordings of unlabeled cells. Our survey includes spectral filtering of the video signal, matched filtering, as well as 1D and 3D convolutional neural networks acting on pixel-wise time-domain data and a whole recording respectively.
Current smoking with or without chronic bronchitis is independently associated with goblet cell hyperplasia in healthy smokers and COPD subjects
Authors: Kim Victor , Jeong Stephanie , Zhao Huaqing , Kesimer Mehmet , Boucher Richard C. , Wells J. Michael , Christenson Stephanie A. , Han MeiLan K. , Dransfield Mark , Paine Robert , Cooper Christopher B. , Barjaktarevic Igor , Bowler Russell , Curtis Jeffrey L. , Kaner Robert J. , O’Beirne Sarah L. , O’Neal Wanda K. , Rennard Stephen I. , Martinez Fernando J. , Woodruff Prescott G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCOPD, chronic bronchitis (CB) and active smoking have all been associated with goblet cell hyperplasia (GCH) in small studies. Active smoking is strongly associated with CB, but there is a disconnect between CB clinical symptoms and pathology. Chronic cough and sputum production poorly correlate with the presence of GCH or COPD. We hypothesized that the primary determinant of GCH in ever smokers with or without airflow obstruction is active smoking. Goblet Cell Density (GCD) was measured in 71 current or former smokers [32 subjects without COPD and 39 COPD subjects]. Endobronchial mucosal biopsies were stained with Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian Blue, and GCD was measured as number of goblet cells/mm basement membrane. GCD was divided into tertiles based on log10 transformed values. Log10GCD was greater in current smokers compared to former smokers. Those with classically defined CB or SGRQ defined CB had a greater log10 GCD compared to those without CB. Current smoking was independently associated with tertile 3 (high log10GCD) whereas CB was not in multivariable regression when adjusting for lung function and demographics. These results suggest that GCH is induced by active smoke exposure and does not necessarily correlate with the clinical symptoms of CB.
MiR-24-3p as a prognostic indicator for multiple cancers: from a meta-analysis view
Authors: Wang He , Chen Chunyang , Ding Keke , Zhang Weijie , Hou Jianquan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA growing number of researches suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) as oncogene or tumor suppressor genes play a fundamental role in various kinds of cancers. Among them, miR-24-3p, as a star molecule, is widely studied. However, the prognostic value of miR-24-3p is unclear and controversial. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of miR-24-3p in a variety of cancers by integrated existing articles from four databases. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (last update in March 2020) were searched for approach literature. Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were used to evaluate the association between miR-24-3p expression levels and prognostic value or clinicopathological characteristics, respectively. A total of 15 studies from 14 literature were finally qualified and concluded in the present meta-analysis. A significantly worse overall survival was observed in higher expression of miR-24-3p cancer group for OS (overall survival) of log-rank tests and Cox multivariate regression by fixed effects model. Also, we found a significant correlation between elevated miR-24-3p levels to RFS (recurrence-free survival) and DFS (disease-free survival). In addition, the pooled odds ratios (ORs) showed that evaluated miR-24-3p was also associated with the larger tumor size (≥5 cm) and advanced TNM stage (III and IV). Built on the above findings, elevated expression levels of miR-24-3p may serve as a promising biomarker used to predict the worse prognosis of cancer patients.
De quoi l’inclusion est-elle le nom ? L’imaginaire des enseignants spécialisés en formation
Authors: Ployé Alexandre 
Published: November 2020

Cet article se propose d’analyser les résultats d’un moment de recherche-formation vécu par l’auteur avec une centaine d’enseignants spécialisés stagiaires en formation à qui il est demandé de préparer puis d’exposer en groupe un projet pour une école inclusive idéale. Cette demande s’inscrit dans une suite de cours qui aura sensibilisé les stagiaires au tournant inclusif que connaissent les systèmes éducatifs depuis les années 2000. Le matériau recueilli est analysé dans une perspective clinique d’orientation psychanalytique en sciences de l’éducation et de la formation. Il s’agit ici de comprendre quel imaginaire, à la fois subjectif et social, dans les groupes de formation s’articule à la notion d’inclusion scolaire et comment cet imaginaire contribue à remanier l’identité professionnelle des enseignants spécialisés en formation. On retiendra notamment que ces derniers fantasment des « institutions pleines », comblantes, à rebours des prescriptions officielles, dans une logique psychique de défense contre l’angoisse liée à la relation éducative.
High-intensity Activity in European vs. National Rugby Union Games in the best 2014–2015 Team
Authors: Fornasier-Santos Charly , Millet Gregoire P , Stridgeon Paul , Girard Olivier , Brocherie Franck , Nottin Stéphane 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of competition level on running patterns for five playing position in the most successful 2014–2015 European rugby union team. Seventeen French rugby union championship and seven European rugby Champions Cup games were analysed. Global positioning system (sampling: 10 Hz) were used to determine high-speed movements, high-intensity accelerations, repeated high-intensity efforts and high-intensity micro-movements characteristics for five positional groups. During European Champions Cup games, front row forwards performed a higher number of repeated high-intensity efforts compared to National championship games (5.8±1.6 vs. 3.6±2.3; +61.1%), and back row forwards travelled greater distance both at high-speed movements (3.4±1.8 vs. 2.4±0.9 m·min-1; +41.7%) and after high-intensity accelerations (78.2±14.0 vs. 68.1 ±13.4 m; +14.8%). In backs, scrum halves carried out more high-intensity accelerations (24.7±3.1 vs. 14.8±5.0; +66.3%) whereas outside backs completed a higher number of high-speed movements (62.7±25.4 vs. 48.3±17.0; +29.8%) and repeated high-intensity efforts (13.5±4.6 vs. 9.7±4.9;  +39.2%). These results highlighted that the competition level affected the high-intensity activity differently among the five playing positions. Consequently, training programs in elite rugby should be tailored taking into account both the level of competition and the high-intensity running pattern of each playing position.
Oberflächliche Venenthrombose
Authors: Barner Saskia , Massoudy Madina , Stücker Markus 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie oberflächliche Venenthrombose wird zunehmend als ernstes Krankheitsbild und nicht nur als eine Befindlichkeitsstörung aufgefasst. Zu unterscheiden sind Oberflächenthrombosen in Varizen und in nichtvarikösen Gefäßen. Zur Diagnostik einer Oberflächenthrombose gehört immer eine sonografische Untersuchung zum Ausschluss einer tiefen Thrombose. Während Thromben in Seitenastvenen auch ohne Antikoagulation behandelt werden können, gelten Thromben mit einer Länge von über 5 cm in Stammvenen oder größeren Seitenästen als Indikation für eine Antikoagulation mit Fondaparinux in Prophylaxe-Dosierung über einen ausreichend langen Zeitraum von 30–45 Tagen. Reichen die Oberflächenthrombosen näher als 3 cm an eine Junktion der Stammvene heran, ist eine Behandlung wie bei einer tiefen Beinvenenthrombose angezeigt. Bei ätiologisch unklaren Oberflächenthrombosen sollte eine maligne Grunderkrankung ausgeschlossen werden.
Scrolling of the Donor Cornea in Dependence of Temperature and Osmolarity for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Gruber Markus , Reinhard Thomas , Wacker Katrin , Maier Philip Christian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background After preparation of a graft for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), the diameter of the graftʼs scroll varies significantly. In particular, narrow scrolls
may complicate DMEK surgery. In this study we investigated how temperature, osmolarity, and deswelling of the donor tissue influence scrolling diameter.
Material and Methods In this study we examined donor corneas that could not be used for transplantation. The diameter of the DMEK donor scrolls was measured after graft preparation
by reflected light microscopy under different conditions: (1) The diameter of the roll was measured in Ringerʼs solution at temperatures of 5 °C, 24 °C and 35 °C. (2) To study the effect of
different culture conditions we used 6% dextran-containing medium for 10 min, 20 min, 16 h and 24 h, and hyper- and hypoosmolar fluids (5% NaCl or aqua dest) for 5 min each.
Results The median donors age was 62 years. The median endothelial cell density of the donor corneas was 1679 cells/mm2. The median diameter of the DMEK scroll was 1.35 mm
in Ringerʼs solution at 24 °C (IQR, 1.04 – 1.89). In Ringerʼs solution at different temperatures, the scrolling diameter changed between 0.02 mm and 0.29 mm. The change in osmolarity
resulted in a difference of 0.02 mm to 0.46 mm. Deswelling with dextran resulted in a change of scrolling diameter between 0.02 mm and 0.09 mm.
Summary In this experimental case series, the diameter of the DMEK scroll did not change due to changes of temperature, osmolarity or deswelling. Influencing the graftʼs scroll to
standardize and simplify the DMEK surgery remains an interesting goal for future studies.
Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) training and skills evaluation tool: a pilot study
Authors: Schlachterman Alexander , Aziz Ahmed , Alajlan Bader , Han Samuel , Machicado Jorge , Wagh Mihir S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Hands-on training for per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in the United States is limited and without a structured curriculum or assessment tool. Training to competency in POEM is critical and POEM trainees must acquire multiple cognitive and technical skills to achieve proficiency. The aim of this study was to develop a POEM training and skills evaluation tool.
Patients and methods The training protocol included initial explant porcine models followed by live human cases, proctored by a single endoscopist experienced in POEM who prospectively graded trainees for each step (“skill”) of the procedure on a 5-point scale. Procedural skills were divided into cognitive and technical skills. Acceptable passing level was considered a score ≥ 4 for each skill.
Results Three trainees completed a total of 18 cases (8 cases on animal explant models and 10 human cases). Overall, cognitive skills were acquired early in training with scores of ≥ 4 achieved by ≤ 3 cases. Technical skills required more cases and direction with scores ≥ 4 in technical skills achieved by three porcine and eight human cases. Entry of the endoscope into the submucosal space and submucosal tunneling were the most challenging steps followed by myotomy.
Conclusion This pilot study introduces a POEM training and skills evaluation tool for training to competency. Submucosal entry, tunneling, and myotomy were the most challenging to learn while cognitive skills were learned early in training. Evaluation of more trainees at multiple sites will be necessary to further validate the utility of this tool.
Die neuen WHO-Empfehlungen für schnelle Diagnostik und Therapie resistenter Tuberkulose in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz
Authors: Otto-Knapp R. , Knappik M. , Häcker B. , Starzacher K. , Bauer T. , Lange C. , Maurer F. P. , Schaberg T. , Günther G. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie erfreulicherweise zunehmende Evidenz hat in den letzten Jahren mehrfache Änderungen der internationalen Empfehlungen für die Diagnostik und Therapie der resistenten Tuberkulose notwendig gemacht. In diesem Jahr hat die WHO umfassende Empfehlungen veröffentlicht, die die Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre berücksichtigen. Die aktuelle deutsche Tuberkuloseleitlinie erschien im Jahr 2017 und weicht in einigen Bereichen von diesen Empfehlungen ab. Hier werden die Neuerungen der WHO-Empfehlungen von 2020 für schnelle Diagnostik und die Therapie resistenter Tuberkulose zusammengefasst und relevante Abweichungen für Deutschland, Österreich und die Schweiz kommentiert. Eine Neubewertung der Literatur findet derzeit im Rahmen der Aktualisierung der deutschsprachigen AWMF-2k-Leitlinie statt.
Acute obstructive suppurative pancreatic ductitis in pancreatic malignancies
Authors: Shimizuguchi Ryoko , Kikuyama Masataka , Kamisawa Terumi , Kuruma Sawako , Chiba Kazuro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Acute obstructive suppurative pancreatic ductitis (AOSPD) is a suppurative pancreatic duct infection with main pancreatic duct (MPD) or accessory pancreatic duct obstruction in the absence of a pancreatic pseudocyst or necrosis, which is experienced usually in chronic pancreatitis. The diagnosis is confirmed by the finding of pancreatic duct obstruction on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with evidence of infection, such as a positive pancreatic juice culture or drainage of purulent pancreatic juice.
Patients and methods We studied five patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and one with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), who suffered from AOSPD.
Results Of the 281 PDAC and 39 CML patients who we treated in the past 2 years in our hospital, five with PDAC (1.8 %) and one with CML (2.6 %) experienced AOSPD. Each patient had fever, abdominal pain, and increased blood C-reactive protein. Pancreatography found that each patient had a MPD stricture and an upstream dilatation. Four had a disruption of the MPD in the upper stream of the stricture. Nasopancreatic drainage was successfully performed in all patients. Pancreatic juice culture was positive for Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter agerogenes, or Enterococcus cloacae in four patients.
Conclusion AOSPD should be considered in pancreatic malignancy with fever and abdominal pain. Prompt diagnosis of AOSPD could avoid shortening of survival of patients with an already poor prognosis by infection.
Safety and adequacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided random liver biopsy in comparison with transjugular and percutaneous approaches
Authors: Bhogal Neil , Lamb Bernadette , Arbeiter Benjamin , Malik Sarah , Sayles Harlan , Lazenby Audrey J. , Chandan Saurabh , Dhaliwal Amaninder , Singh Shailender , Bhat Ishfaq 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB) is an accepted technique for tissue acquisition. Traditionally, random LB has been performed with percutaneous (PC-LB) and transjugular (TJ-LB) approaches. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety profile and efficacy of EUS-LB, PC-LB, and TJ-LB.
Patients and methods A retrospective analysis was performed at a tertiary academic medical center. Inclusion criteria for analysis were all adult patients who underwent EUS-LB since inception and TJ-LB/PC-LB over a 3-year span (June 2016 to June 2019). The primary outcome assessed was any adverse events. Secondary outcomes included technical success resulting in tissue acquisition and diagnostic adequacy of the sample for histologic analysis.
Results A total of 513 patients were included for analysis. There were 135 EUS-LB, 287 PC-LB, and 91 TJ-LB. The most common indication for LB was abnormal liver function tests. For the primary outcome, the rate of adverse events was low with five reported (< 1 %). There were two in the EUS-LB group, two in the PC-LB group, and one in TJ-LB group, and this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.585). The technical success rate was 100 % in each group. The rate of diagnostic adequacy was 100 % in TJ-LB group and 99 % in both EUS-LB and PC-LB groups. This difference was not statistically significant (P = 1.000). The most common histologic finding was non-specific changes (33.7 %) followed by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (15.60 %).
Conclusion In comparison with PC-LB and TJ-LB, EUS-LB has comparable safety profile, technical success rate, and diagnostic adequacy. EUS-LB should be considered as an option for random liver biopsy.
The Role of Glucocorticoids in the Management of COVID-19
Authors: Alexaki Vasileia Ismini , Henneicke Holger 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by an infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a global pandemic and poses an emergency to public health systems worldwide. COVID-19 is highly infectious and is characterized by an acute respiratory illness that varies from mild flu-like symptoms to the life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As such, there is an urgent need for the development of new therapeutic strategies, which combat the high mortality in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Glucocorticoids are a frontline treatment for a diverse range of inflammatory diseases. Due to their immunosuppressive functions, the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of COVID-19 patients was initially regarded with caution. However, recent studies concluded that the initiation of systemic glucocorticoids in patients suffering from severe and critical COVID-19 is associated with lower mortality. Herein we review the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids and discuss emerging issues in their clinical use in the context of COVID-19.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Need for Antireflux Surgery in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review on Incidence, Surgical Complications, and Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Ng Jessica , Friedmacher Florian , Pao Caroline , Charlesworth Paul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with accelerated decline in lung health in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Thus, antireflux surgery (ARS) is offered to a selected CF cohort with refractory GERD, but outcomes remain poorly investigated. This study aimed to determine the incidence of GERD in children with CF and to evaluate complications and outcomes of ARS.
Materials and Methods A systematic literature-based search was conducted using various online databases according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The number of GERD cases in pediatric CF cohorts who underwent diagnostic investigation(s) was recorded. Data on postoperative complications and outcomes (including symptoms, lung function, and nutritional status) following ARS were analyzed.
Results Ten articles (n = 289 patients) met the defined inclusion criteria (51% male; age range, 0.5 month–36 years). The overall incidence of GERD was 46% (range, 19–81%), derived from seven studies (n = 212 patients). Four publications (n = 82 patients) reported on ARS due to uncontrolled GERD. All ARSs were Nissen fundoplication (majority with gastrostomy placement). Major postoperative complications occurred in 15 (18%) patients, two required redo-ARS. Median follow-up time was 2 years (range, 3 months–6 years); 59% showed symptom improvement, and pulmonary exacerbations and decline in lung function were reduced. Nutritional status mainly improved in milder CF cases. There were no deaths related to ARS.
Conclusion Approximately half of pediatric CF patients have GERD. Published data for children with CF are limited and heterogeneous in terms of GERD diagnosis and outcomes following ARS. However, ARS has shown to slow the deterioration of lung function in CF.
Comparison of DNA Methylation Profiles of Hemostatic Genes between Liver Tissue and Peripheral Blood within Individuals
Authors: Angerfors Annelie , Olsson Lindvall Martina , Andersson Björn , Nilsson Staffan , Davila Lopez Marcela , Hansson Lena , Stanne Tara M. , Jern Christina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDNA methylation has become increasingly recognized in the etiology of complex diseases, including thrombotic disorders. Blood is often collected in epidemiological studies for genotyping and has recently also been used to examine DNA methylation in epigenome-wide association studies. DNA methylation patterns are often tissue-specific, thus, peripheral blood may not accurately reflect the methylation pattern in the tissue of relevance. Here, we collected paired liver and blood samples concurrently from 27 individuals undergoing liver surgery. We performed targeted bisulfite sequencing for a set of 35 hemostatic genes primarily expressed in liver to analyze DNA methylation levels of >10,000 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides. We evaluated whether DNA methylation in blood could serve as a proxy for DNA methylation in liver at individual CpGs. Approximately 30% of CpGs were nonvariable and were predominantly hypo- (<25%) or hypermethylated (>70%) in both tissues. While blood can serve as a proxy for liver at these CpGs, the low variability renders these unlikely to explain phenotypic differences. We therefore focused on CpG sites with variable methylation levels in liver. The level of blood–liver tissue correlation varied widely across these variable CpGs; moderate correlations (0.5 ≤ r < 0.75) were detected for 6% and strong correlations (r ≥ 0.75) for a further 4%. Our findings indicate that it is essential to study the concordance of DNA methylation between blood and liver at individual CpGs. This paired blood–liver dataset is intended as a resource to aid interpretation of blood-based DNA methylation results.
Computed Tomographic Diagnosis of Traumatic Atlanto-occipital Rotatory Luxation and Successful Closed Reduction in a Dog
Authors: Lye Gordon , Mathis Karl , Hill Sarah , Cattin Ryan , Hartman Angela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 12-year-old, female spayed crossbred dog was presented for traumatic injuries sustained after being hit by a car. The dog was non-ambulatory with a right-sided head tilt on presentation, neurological deficits and signs of external trauma centred on the head. A trauma computed tomography was performed which revealed an atlanto-occipital luxation with narrowing of the vertebral canal. This was treated successfully via closed reduction and confirmed with a repeat computed tomography scan. The dog recovered well following the atlanto-occipital luxation reduction, and was ambulatory the day after the reduction, and neurological signs resolved within 2 days.
Spinors of spin-one-half fields
Authors: Cahill Kevin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper reviews how a two-state, spin-one-half system transforms under rotations. It then uses that knowledge to explain how momentum-zero, spin-one-half annihilation and creation operators transform under rotations. The paper then explains how a spin-one-half field transforms under rotations. The momentum-zero spinors are found from the way spin-one-half systems transform under rotations and from the Dirac equation. Once the momentum-zero spinors are known, the Dirac equation immediately yields the spinors at finite momentum. The paper then shows that with these spinors, a Dirac field transforms appropriately under charge conjugation, parity, and time reversal. The paper also describes how a Dirac field may be decomposed either into two 4-component Majorana fields or into a 2-component left-handed field and a 2-component right-handed field. Wigner rotations and Weinberg’s derivation of the properties of spinors are also discussed.