bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free‐flap reconstruction for full‐thickness oral defects involving the oral commissure combined with oral modiolus reconstruction using a fascial sling
Authors: Sasaki Kaoru , Sasaki Masahiro , Oshima Junya , Aihara Yukiko , Nishijima Akio , Sekido Mitsuru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral modiolus reconstruction is important in unilateral oral commissure removal including the modiolus. However, the proper procedure is not yet established. We performed free‐flap reconstruction for full‐thickness oral defects involving the oral commissure combined with oral modiolus reconstruction using a fascial sling.Patients and methodsFrom 2008 to 2018, six oral carcinoma patients, aged 65 to 86 years, underwent free‐flap modiolus reconstruction after tumor resection. The resulting lip defects of 10% to 80% were labial (two patients), buccal (two patients), and mixed (two patients).ResultsFive anterolateral thigh flaps including one perforator and one radial forearm flap were performed. The oral defects were covered with folded flaps (size, 11 × 6–18 × 7.5 cm2). The orbicularis oris stumps were connected to the masseter with a fascia lata or palmaris longus tendon (length, 15–20 cm), arranged in a Y‐shape in four patients and a V‐shape in two patients. All the flaps survived without complications. Almost all the patients achieved good oral static effects (lip deviation and drooping) and dynamic effects (mouth opening, oral commissure narrowing, and diet) in the 6 to 65 months' follow‐up.ConclusionFree‐flap reconstruction combined with oral modiolus reconstruction using a fascial sling achieves good oral static and dynamic effects for full‐thickness oral reconstruction involving the oral commissure.
A receding horizon control approach for integrated vector management of Aedes aegypti using chemical and biological control: A mono and a multiobjective approach
Authors: Jesus Tales , Wanner Elizabeth , Cardoso Rodrigo 
Published: December 2019

This paper addresses an integrated vector management (IVM) approach for combating Aedes aegypti, the transmission vector of dengue, zika, and chikungunya diseases, some of the most important viral epidemics worldwide. In order to tackle this problem, a receding horizon control (RHC) strategy is adopted, considering a mono‐objective and a multiobjective version of the optimal control model of combating the mosquito using chemical and biological control. RHC is essentially a suboptimal scheme of classical optimal control strategies considering discrete‐time approximations. The integrated vector control actions used in this work consist in applying insecticides and inserting sterile males produced by irradiation in the population of mosquitoes. The cost function is defined in terms of social and economic costs, in order to quantify the effectiveness of the proposed epidemiological control throughout a time window of 4 months. Numerical simulations show that the obtained results are better than those from the optimal control strategies found in literature. Furthermore, through the application of the multiobjetive approach, varying the scenarios in the mono‐objective formulation is no longer necessary and a set of optimal strategies can be obtained at once. Finally, in order to help health authorities in the choice of the best solution of the Pareto‐optimal set to be implemented in practice, a cost‐effectiveness analysis is performed and a strategy representing the most cost‐effective control policy is obtained.
Motion and eddy current–induced signal dephasing in in vivo cardiac DTI
Authors: Stoeck Christian T. , von Deuster Constantin , van Gorkum Robbert J. H. , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTo address motion in cardiac DWI, stimulated‐echo acquisition mode (STEAM) and second‐order motion‐compensated spin‐echo (SE) sequences have been proposed. Despite applying motion‐compensation strategies, residual motion can cause misleading signal attenuation. The purpose of this study is to estimate the motion‐induced error in both sequences by analysis of image phase.MethodsDiffusion‐weighted motion‐compensated SE sequences and STEAM imaging was applied in vivo with diffusion encoding along 3 orthogonal directions. A b‐value range of 100 to 600 s/mm2 and trigger delays of 25%, 50%, and 75% of end systole and middiastole were used. Eddy‐current contributions were obtained from phantom measurements. After computation of motion‐induced phase maps, the amount of signal dephasing was computed from phase gradients, and the resulting errors in diffusion tensor parameters were calculated.ResultsMotion‐induced dephasing from the STEAM sequence showed less dependency on the b‐value and no dependency on the heart phase, whereas SE imaging performed best at 75% end systole followed by 50% end systole and middiastole. For a typical experimental setting, errors of 3.3%/3.0% mean diffusivity, 4.9%/4.8% fractional anisotropy, 2.9º/3.2º helix angulation, 0.8º/0.7º transverse angulation, and 9.9º/10.0º sheet angulation (SE/STEAM) were calculated.ConclusionImage phase contains valuable information regarding uncompensated motion and eddy currents in cardiac DTI. Although the trigger delay window for SE is narrower compared with the STEAM‐based approach, imaging in both systole and diastole is feasible and both sequences perform similarly if the trigger delays are selected carefully with SE.
A finite difference scheme for smooth solutions of the general Degasperis–Procesi equation
Authors: Noyola Rodriguez Jesus , Omel'yanov Georgy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe general Degasperis–Procesi equation (gDP) describes the evolution of the water surface in a unidirectional shallow water approximation. We propose a finite‐difference scheme for this equation that preserves some conservation and balance laws. In addition, the stability of the scheme and the convergence of numerical solutions to exact solutions for solitons are proved. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical conclusions. For essentially nonintegrable versions of the gDP equation, it is shown that solitons and antisolitons collide almost elastically: they retain their shape after interaction, but a small “tail”, the so‐called “radiation”, appears.
Solubilization, micellar transition and biocidal assay of loaded antioxidants in Tetronic® 1304 micelles
Authors: Patel Dhruvi , Ray Debes , Kuperkar Ketan , Pal Haridas , Aswal Vinod K , Bahadur Pratap 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe current study scrutinizes the solubilization behaviour of pharmaceutically active antioxidants, namely hydrocinnamic acid (HCA), cinnamic acid (CA) and phenyl propiolic acid (PPA), in the micelles of polyethylene oxide‐polypropylene oxide (PEO‐PPO) based star‐block copolymer: Tetronic® 1304 (T1304). A correlation between the molecular orbital energy levels of PEO‐PPO units of T1304 and the active parts of the antioxidants are well explained using a simulation study. The antioxidants modulate core–shell micelles of T1304 with enhanced solubilization dependent on their unsaturation and hydrophobicity, as depicted from UV–visible spectroscopy. Antioxidants as an additive induce micellization in 5% w/v T1304 thereby modulating the phase behaviour, as indicated by the decrease in the cloud point. The cloud point results are well complemented by steady state fluorescence spectroscopy findings, depicting a decrease in critical micelle temperature due to the solubilization of antioxidants into the T1304 micelles. A significant difference between the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of unloaded and loaded polymer micelles with antioxidants is observed from dynamic light scattering, ensuring the solubilization of the antioxidants in T1304 micelles. These results can apparently be attributed to the interaction and the charge induced by the antioxidants on non‐ionic T1304 micelles which increase the micellar size. Furthermore, the role of unsaturation and hydrophobicity of the employed antioxidants in 5% T1304 demonstrates the solution viscosity (η) change as a function of temperature. In addition, small‐angle neutron scattering depicts the shape transition (spherical to ellipsoidal to polymersomes) with temperature. The antioxidant loaded 5% T1304 micellar systems exhibit brilliant biocidal activity against the tested microbes, suggesting their antimicrobial application. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Nasal high flow in preterm infants: A dose‐finding study
Authors: Hough Judith L. , Shearman Andrew D. , Jardine Luke , Schibler Andreas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between applied flows of nasal high flow (NHF) and physiological outcomes and work of breathing (WOB), to identify an optimal delivery flow which results in reduced WOB in preterm infants.DesignA prospective observational clinical study with randomly applied NHF rates.Patients and SettingPreterm infants within 72 hours of commencement of NHF respiratory support.InterventionsInfants were initially placed on 8 L/min of NHF and flows of 2, 4, and 6 L/min were then applied in random order.Measurements and ResultsWOB was measured using transcutaneous electromyography and respiratory inductance plethysmography. Physiological variables were also recorded. Measurements taken 10 minutes after each flow change were compared with 8 L/min. Sixteen infants with a median gestational age of 28 (range 24‐31) weeks and postnatal age of 14 (2‐55) days were included in the study. The median flow rate before the study was 6 (4‐8) L/min and a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) was 0.21 (0.21‐0.26). Changes in flow resulted in changes in activity in the front diaphragm (P = .027) and intercostals (P = .034). The electrical activity of the front diaphragm at 8 L/min was significantly lower than that at 2 L/min (P = .016). Respiratory rate was lowest at 6 L/min (P = .002) and SpO2/FiO2 was highest at 8 L/min (P < .04).ConclusionIn preterm infants, changes in WOB resulting from randomly applied levels of NHF can be demonstrated by measuring the electrical activity of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles with transcutaneous electromyography. In combination with physiological measurements, the similarities in electrical activity between 4, 6, and 8 L/min suggest that these three flows may be equally as effective.
Adaptive optimal dynamic surface control of strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with output constraints
Authors: Zhang Tianping , Xu Haoxiang 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn this paper, an adaptive optimal control strategy is proposed for a class of strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with output constraints by using dynamic surface control. The controller design procedure is divided into two parts. One is the design of feedforward controller and the other is the design of optimal controller. To guarantee the satisfaction of output constraints in feedforward controller, nonlinear mapping is utilized to transform the constrained system into an unconstrained system. Neural‐network based adaptive dynamic programming algorithm is employed to approximate the optimal cost function and the optimal control law. By theoretical analysis, all the signals in the closed‐loop system are proved to be semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the output constraints are not violated. A numerical example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Consensus of multiagent systems with random switching topologies and its application
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Sun Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis paper is concerned on the consensus problem of multiagent systems with random switching topologies, where the dwell time of each topology consists of fixed and random parts. Firstly, the consensus analysis of such multiagent systems is considered by a mode‐dependent Lyapunov function approach, whose conditions are developed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Then, three kinds of consensus protocols based on random switching topologies are proposed, whose differences are also illustrated. Moreover, all the existence conditions of such consensus controllers are presented with solvable forms, where the dwell times and topology are both included and play important roles. Finally, the proposed consensus protocols are applied to a chemical process to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Engineering the Metal/Oxide Interface of Pd Nanowire@CuOx Electrocatalysts for Efficient Alcohol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Chen Zelin , Liu Yunwei , Liu Chang , Zhang Jinfeng , Chen Yanan , Hu Wenbin , Deng Yida 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe development of new type electrocatalysts with promising activity and antipoisoning ability is of great importance for electrocatalysis on alcohol oxidation. In this work, Pd nanowire (PdNW)/CuOx heterogeneous catalysts with different types of PdOCu interfaces (Pd/amorphous or crystalline CuOx) are prepared via a two‐step hydrothermal strategy followed by an air plasma treatment. Their interface‐dependent performance on methanol and ethanol oxidation reaction (MOR and EOR) is clearly observed. The as‐prepared PdNW/crystalline CuOx catalyst with 17.2 at% of Cu on the PdNW surface exhibits better MOR and EOR activity and stability, compared with that of PdNW/amorphous CuOx and pristine PdNW catalysts. Significantly, both the cycling tests and the chronoamperometric measurements reveal that the PdNW/crystalline CuOx catalyst yields excellent tolerance toward the possible intermediates including formaldehyde, formic acid, potassium carbonate, and carbon monoxide generated during the MOR process. The detailed analysis of their chemical state reveals that the enhanced activity and antipoison ability of the PdNW/crystalline CuOx catalyst originates from the electron‐deficient Pdδ+ active sites which gradually turn into Pd5O4 species during the MOR catalysis. The Pd5O4 species can likely be stabilized by moderate crystalline CuOx decorated on the surface of PdNW due to the strong PdOCu interaction.
Remote Control of Mechanical Forces via Mitochondrial‐Targeted Magnetic Nanospinners for Efficient Cancer Treatment
Authors: Chen Mengwei , Wu Jiaojiao , Ning Peng , Wang Jingjing , Ma Zuan , Huang Liqun , Plaza Gustavo R. , Shen Yajing , Xu Chang , Han Yu , Lesniak Maciej S. , Liu Zhongmin , Cheng Yu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn cells, mechanical forces play a key role in impacting cell behaviors, including adhesion, differentiation, migration, and death. Herein, a 20 nm mitochondria‐targeted zinc‐doped iron oxide nanocube is designed as a nanospinner to exert mechanical forces under a rotating magnetic field (RMF) at 15 Hz and 40 mT to fight against cancer. The nanospinners can efficiently target the mitochondria of cancer cells. By means of the RMF, the nanocubes assemble in alignment with the external field and produce a localized mechanical force to impair the cancer cells. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that the nanospinners can damage the cancer cells and reduce the brain tumor growth rate after the application of the RMF. This nanoplatform provides an effective magnetomechanical approach to treat deep‐seated tumors in a spatiotemporal fashion.
Enhanced Chemisorption and Catalytic Effects toward Polysulfides by Modulating Hollow Nanoarchitectures for Long‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Zhonglin , Xiao Zhubing , Li Pengyue , Meng Xueping , Wang Ruihu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHollow nanostructures with intricate interior and catalytic effects hold great promise for the construction of advanced lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, a double‐shelled hollow polyhedron with inlaid cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated by nitrogen‐doped carbon (Co/NC) nanodots (Co‐NC@Co9S8/NPC) is reported, which is acquired by using imidazolium‐based ionic‐polymer‐encapsulated zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 as a core‐shelled precursor. The Co/NC nanodots promote redox kinetics and chemical adsorbability toward polysulfides, while the interconnected double shells serve as a nanoscale electrochemical reaction chamber, which effectively suppresses the polysulfide shuttling and accelerates ion/electron transport. Benefiting from structural engineering and reaction kinetics modulation, the Co‐NC@Co9S8/NPC‐S electrode exhibits high cycling stability with a low capacity decay of 0.011% per cycle within 2000 cycles at 2 C. The electrode still shows high rate performance and cyclability over 500 cycles even in the case of high sulfur loading of 4.5 mg cm−2 and 75 wt% sulfur content. This work provides one type of new hollow nanoarchitecture for the development of advanced Li–S batteries and other energy storage systems.
Effect of Ball Milling Treatment on Thermal, Structural, and Morphological Properties of Phosphated Starches from Corn and Pinhão
Authors: Beninca Cleoci , de Oliveira Cristina Soltovski , Bet Camila Delinski , Bisinella Radla Zabian Bassetto , Gaglieri Caroline , Schnitzler Egon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the previous study, the effect of chemical modification with sodium tripolyphosphate on the properties of corn and pinhão starches was evaluated. However, physical modifications also confer specific characteristics on the starch, diversifying its application. Thus, in this study, thermal (thermogravimetry [TG], differential exploratory calorimetry [DSC]), structural (X‐ray powder diffractometry [XRD], Fourier‐transform infrared [FTIR]) and morphological (field emission gun‐scanning electron microscopy) properties of native and phosphated corn and pinhão starches are evaluated before and after ball milling treatment. In addition, wavelength dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy is applied as a new technique to measure the level of phosphorus and sodium. The incorporation of phosphate groups in starches is confirmed and phosphorus and sodium are reduced after milling. The doubly modified starches show lower moisture retention capacity and lower thermal stability. All treatments reduce the gelatinization enthalpy mainly for double modified starches. Relative crystallinity is drastically reduced after the double modification. Changes in FTIR results are more pronounced after the physical treatment, corroborating with DSC and XRD results. Morphological changes are observed only in the milled samples. Thus, the double modification confer greater changes compared to the isolated modifications.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 70
Authors: Applequist Wendy L. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe following five generic names are recommended for conservation: Goodenia with a conserved type, Microlepia against Scyphofilix, Orostachys with a conserved type, Salpichroa against Nectouxia, and Saxofridericia with that spelling. Conservation of Scilla with a conserved type and conservation of Podostemum with that spelling were not considered to be necessary but would be recommended if the General Committee disagreed. The following two generic names are recommended for rejection: Allosorus and Kadalia. The following 12 species names are recommended for conservation: Alyssum hyperboreum with a conserved type, Amaryllis atamasco with that spelling, Asplenium richardii with a conserved type, Avena sterilis with a conserved type, Blackwellia planiflora, Campyloneurum densifolium against Polypodium ccallahuala, Carum persicum against Sium cyminosma, Conoria cuspa against Aspidosperma bicolor, Mammillaria magnifica Franc.G. Buchenau against M. magnifica Sencke, Maxillaria galeata against Acropera loddigesii, Sempervivum tectorum with a conserved type, and Thalictrum delavayi against T. thibeticum. The following four species names are not recommended for conservation: Agave dasylirioides against A. dealbata, Aloe horombensis against A. subacutissima, Lacis riedelii against L. fucoides, and Triticum palaeocolchicum against T. karamyschevii. The following two species names are recommended for rejection: Salvinia adnata and Stapelia cochinchinensis. It is not recommended that the conserved authorship of Theaceae be changed. It is recommended that Briquetastrum and Briquetiastrum, and Mimosa inga and M. ynga, be treated as homonyms. It is recommended that Rauiella and Rauhiella, and Pollia and Polia, should not be treated as homonyms.
Study of ageing of laminates and its effects on wind turbine blade deflection
Authors: Nuin Iñaki , Fariñas Ana Belen , del Rio Marcos , Murillo Ivan , Landaburu Ibai , Saenz Ernesto 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSome wind turbines have exceeded their nominal design service life and are continuing their operation with periodic inspections and maintenance. In the case of rotor blades, the reliability of the inspection is very limited because of the blade structure that comprises laminates and sandwich structures, which are very difficult to monitor. For this reason, wind farm owners are searching for technologies or approaches that will guarantee a safe operation of their wind turbines after the design life has elapsed.The main objective of this paper was to investigate whether detection of ageing of wind turbine blades using deflection as key parameter is feasible using commercial equipment. The paper is divided in three phases. In phase 1, the effect of ageing on a new UD‐0° glass fibre with high moduli was obtained. Using these results and bibliography data, a theoretical study was performed in phase 2 to determine the magnitude of blade deflection along its lifetime due to material ageing. Finally, in phase 3, in‐field deflection measurements where performed on a wind turbine blade to evaluate the utility and limitations of commercial equipment for the detection of blade ageing.It was concluded that material ageing could result in an increase in blade deflection under self‐weight that can be detected using commercial measurement equipment. These results can be used by wind farm owners in their O&M strategies to monitor blades over time and decide whether they should be repaired or replaced.
Tortuosity of the Descending Thoracic Aorta in Patients with Aneurysm and Type B Dissection
Authors: Belvroy Viony M. , de Beaufort Hector W. L. , van Herwaarden Joost A. , Bismuth Jean , Piffaretti Gabriele , Moll Frans L. , Trimarchi Santi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTortuosity in the descending thoracic aorta (DTA) comes with aging and increases the risk of endoleaks after TEVAR. With this report, we would like to define and classify tortuosity in the DTA of patients with thoracic aortic disease.MethodsRetrospective case–control study of two hundred seven patients, comparing sixty‐nine controls without aortic disease (CG), to sixty‐nine patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (AG) and sixty‐nine patients with type B aortic dissection (DG). 3Mensio Vascular software was used to analyze CTA scans and collect the following measurements; tortuosity index, curvature ratio and the maximum tortuosity of the DTA. The DTA was divided into four equal zones. The maximum tortuosity was divided into three groups: low (<30°), moderate (30°–60°) and high tortuosity (>60°).ResultsCompared to the CG, tortuosity was more pronounced in the DG, and even more in the AG, evidenced by the tortuosity index (1.11 vs. 1.20 vs. 1.31; p < 0.001), curvature ratio (1.00 vs. 1.01 vs. 1.03; p < 0.001), maximum tortuosity in degrees (28.17 vs. 33.29 vs. 43.83; p < 0.001) and group of tortuosity (p < 0.001). The maximum tortuosity was further distal for the DG and AG, evidenced by the zone of maximum tortuosity (4A vs. 4B vs. 4B; p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study shows that tortuosity in the DTA is more prominent in diseased aortas, especially in aneurysmal disease. This phenomenon needs to be taken into account during planning of TEVAR to prevent stent graft‐related complications and to obtain positive long‐term outcome.