bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The α‐arrestin family of ubiquitin ligase adaptors links metabolism with selective endocytosis
Authors: Kahlhofer Jennifer , Leon Sebastien , Teis David , Schmidt Oliver 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe regulation of nutrient uptake into cells is important, as it allows to either increase biomass for cell growth or to preserve homoeostasis. A key strategy to adjust cellular nutrient uptake is the reconfiguration of the nutrient transporter repertoire at the plasma membrane by the addition of nutrient transporters through the secretory pathway and by their endocytic removal. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that regulate selective nutrient transporter endocytosis, which is mediated by the α‐arrestin protein family. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 14 different α‐arrestins (also named arrestin‐related trafficking adaptors, ARTs) function as adaptors for the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5. They instruct Rsp5 to ubiquitinate subsets of nutrient transporters to orchestrate their endocytosis. The ART proteins are under multilevel control of the major nutrient sensing systems, including amino acid sensing by the general amino acid control and target of rapamycin pathways, and energy sensing by 5′‐adenosine‐monophosphate‐dependent kinase. The function of the six human α‐arrestins is comparably under‐characterised. Here, we summarise the current knowledge about the function, regulation and substrates of yeast ARTs and human α‐arrestins, and highlight emerging communalities and general principles.
Nitric oxide‐mediated signal transmission in bladder vasculature underlies the therapeutic actions of PDE5 inhibitors in the rat
Authors: Tanaka Hidekazu , Mitsui Retsu , Oishi Mitsuhiro , Passlick Stefan , Jabs Ronald , Steinhäuser Christian , Tanaka Kenji F. , Hashitani Hikaru 
Published: December 2020

Background and PurposeWhile the bladder vasculature is considered as a target of PDE5 inhibitors to improve bladder storage dysfunctions, its characteristics are largely unknown. Thus, the functional and morphological properties of arteries/arterioles of the bladder focusing on the NO‐mediated signal transmission were explored.Experimental ApproachDiameter changes in rat bladder arteries/arterioles were measured using a video‐tracking system. Intercellular Ca2+ dynamics in pericytes or smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of suburothelial arterioles were visualised using transgenic mice expressing GCaMP6 under control of the NG2‐ or parvalbumin‐promoter. The perivascular innervation was investigated using fluorescence immunohistochemistry.Key ResultsIn rat suburothelial arterioles and vesical arteries, tadalafil (100 nM) attenuated nerve‐evoked sympathetic vasoconstrictions. In both vascular segments, tadalafil‐induced inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction was prevented by N ω‐propyl‐l‐arginine hydrochloride (l‐NPA, 1 μM), an nNOS inhibitor or N ω‐nitro‐l‐arginine (l‐NA, 100 μM). Both vascular segments were densely innervated with nNOS‐positive nitrergic nerves in close apposition to tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive sympathetic nerves. In pericyte‐covered pre‐capillary arterioles of the mouse bladder where sympathetic nerves were absent, nerve stimulation evoked transient reductions in pericyte Ca2+ levels that were shortened by l‐NPA and abolished by l‐NA. In SMC‐containing arterioles, tadalafil (10 nM) caused a l‐NPA‐sensitive suppression of sympathetic Ca2+ transients. In mice, nitrergic perivascular nerves were distributed in the arterioles and the pre‐capillary arterioles.Conclusion and ImplicationsBoth nitrergic nerve and nerve‐evoked endothelial NO release appear to be involved in vasodilatory signal transmission in bladder vasculature. The NO‐mediated signal transmission is a potential target for PDE5 inhibitor therapy in bladder dysfunctions.
Can the hyperthermia‐mediated heat shock factor/heat shock protein 70 pathway dampen the cytokine storm during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection?
Authors: Rébé Cédric , Ghiringhelli François , Garrido Carmen 
Published: December 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a major global public health problem. Infection by this virus involves many pathophysiological processes, such as a “cytokine storm,” that is, very aggressive inflammatory response that offers new perspectives for the management and treatment of patients. Here, we analyse relevant mechanism involved in the hyperthermia‐mediated heat shock factors (HSFs)/heat shock proteins (HSP)70 pathway which may provide a possible treatment tool.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID‐19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc
Impact of COVID‐19 on the provision of paediatric dental care: Analysis of the Australian Child Dental Benefits Schedule
Authors: Hopcraft Matthew , Farmer Glenda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesOral health is essential to maintaining good overall health, and access to dental care is necessary for the early detection, prevention and control of oral diseases. The COVID‐19 pandemic has seen a significant disruption in the provision of dental services globally.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID‐19 on dental services provided in Australia through the Child Dental Benefits Schedule.MethodsThis study was a retrospective analysis of Medicare data on utilization of the Child Dental Benefits Schedule obtained from the Australian Government. Data were analysed for the period February to September 2020, with the number of services provided per month across five categories (diagnostic, preventive, restorative, endodontic and oral surgery) compared with the monthly average for 2019 (95% CI) and the same month for 2019. Total services by month were reported for 2017, 2018 and 2019 to compare the yearly trend with 2020. Differences in services provision by State/Territory were also described.ResultsOver the period of March to September, there were 881 454 fewer dental services provided in 2020 than 2019, with the largest decline seen in April. There was a greater decline in preventive and diagnostic services, and a smaller decline in endodontic and oral surgery services. A second wave of COVID‐19 in Victoria saw 198 609 fewer dental services provided in that state from July to September 2020 than 2019. Dental service provision had still not returned to normal levels across Australia by September 2020.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the provision of dental services to children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds who already experience higher levels of dental disease and disadvantage in accessing dental care. Although the restriction of dental services was deemed necessary in order to minimize the risk of transmission of COVID‐19 in the dental setting, the impact of these restrictions on oral health will be long lasting. Given the chronic and progressive nature of dental disease, the deferral of necessary dental care is likely to contribute to poorer oral health and long‐term problems for many Australians.
Neural time course of pain observation in infancy
Authors: Addabbo Margaret , Bolognini Nadia , Turati Chiara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPerception of pain in others is of great evolutionary significance for the development of human empathy. However, infants' sensitivity to others' painful experiences has not been investigated so far. Here, we explored the neural time course of infants' processing of others' pain by measuring event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) while 6‐month‐old infants observed a painful tactile stimulation directed towards the eye and a neutral tactile stimulation on the eyebrow. We analyzed both the Negative Central (Nc) and the later Late Positive Potential (LPP) ERP components, indexing respectively attention allocation and cognitive evaluation of perceptual stimuli. Results showed that observing painful touch elicits a mid‐latency Nc (300–500 ms) over the right fronto‐central site, which is greater in amplitude as compared to neutral touch. A divergent activity was also visible in the centro‐parietal early (550–750 ms) and late (800–1000 ms) LPP, showing increased amplitudes in response to neutral compared to painful touch. The cognitive evaluation of painful stimuli, reflected by the LPP, might thus not be fully developed at 6 months of age, as adults typically show a larger LPP in response to painful as compared to neutral stimuli. Overall, infants show early attentional attuning to others' pain. This early sensitivity to others' painful tactile experiences might form a prerequisite for the development of human empathy.
Effects of pupillary light and darkness reflex on the generation of pro‐ And anti‐saccades
Authors: Cherng Yih‐Giun , Crevecoeur Frédéric , Wang Chin‐An 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSaccades are often directed toward a stimulus that provides useful information for observers to navigate the visual world. The quality of visual signals of a stimulus is influenced by global luminance, and the pupil constricts or dilates after a luminance increase or decrease, respectively, to optimize visual signals for further information processing. Although luminance level changes regularly in the real environment, saccades are mostly studied in the luminance‐unchanged setup. Whether pupillary responses triggered by global luminance changes modulate saccadic behavior are yet to be explored. Through varying background luminance level in an interleaved pro‐ and anti‐saccade paradigm, we investigated the modulation of pupillary luminance responses on the generation of reflexive and voluntary saccades. Subjects were instructed to either automatically look at the peripheral stimulus (pro‐saccade) or to suppress the automatic response and voluntarily look in the opposite direction from the stimulus (anti‐saccade). Level of background luminance was increased (light), decreased (dark), or unchanged (control) during the instructed fixation period. Saccade reaction time distributions of correct pro‐ and anti‐saccades in the light and dark conditions were differed significantly from those in the control condition. Moreover, the luminance condition modulated saccade kinematics, showing reduced performances in the light condition than in the control condition, particularly in pro‐saccades. Modeling results further suggested that both pupil diameter and pupil size derivative significantly modulated saccade behavior, though effect sizes were small and mainly mediated by intersubject differences. Together, our results demonstrated the influence of pupillary luminance responses on the generation of pro‐ and anti‐saccades.
A sectional critical plane model for multiaxial high‐cycle fatigue life prediction
Authors: Qi Xinxin , Liu Tianqi , Shi Xinhong , Wang Jiaying , Zhang Jianyu , Fei Binjun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA stress‐based sectional critical plane model is proposed to predict fatigue life under multiaxial constant amplitude loading. The proposed model considers the effects of material properties and loading paths including stress amplitude ratio, phase angle and mean stress. By introducing the ratio of maximum shear stress amplitude to maximum normal stress amplitude, the crack behaviour can be predicted and the critical planes can be divided into three sections: the maximum normal stress plane, maximum damage plane and maximum shear stress amplitude plane. To verify the accuracy and applicability of the proposed model, experimental data of 30CrMnSiA steel conducted by the authors and other test data of different materials from the existing literatures are utilized. The prediction results demonstrate that the proposed sectional critical plane model shows strong applicability for steel, aluminium and titanium alloy materials, especially under the multiaxial loadings with mean stresses. For steel materials, the prediction results of the proposed model are better than the commonly used criteria.
Expanding the joys of cooking: How class shapes the emotional experience of family foodwork
Authors: Oleschuk Merin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe emotional experience of foodwork is often considered along a continuum, where pleasure exists in opposition to labor, and where inequalities restrict pleasure. Analyzing qualitative interviews, recall conversations and cooking observations with 34 primary cooks in families, this article explores how diverse parents experience pleasure through family foodwork. Doing so reveals five conditions facilitating pleasure: time, choice, aesthetic freedom, connection, and appreciation. It then analyzes how access to these conditions is shaped by class inequalities, while being attentive to intersections with gender and race/ethnicity. This analysis reveals how socio‐economic inequalities fashion negative emotional relationships to foodwork by imposing disproportionate stressors on low‐income home cooks, but do not necessarily predict cooking pleasure. Through examining intersections between the sensory and material aspects of foodwork, this article furthers theoretical understanding into how foodwork reinforces gendered, racialized, and classed oppression, while simultaneously identifying how agency and empowerment operate through cooking pleasure for low‐income groups.
Foodwork as re‐articulation of women's in/visible work: A study of food allergy blogs
Authors: Morlacchi Piera 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper advances our understanding of foodwork as the organization of women's work and racialized, gendered, and classed inequalities in the provisioning, preparation, and consumption of food. Drawing on notions of the in/visibility of women's work, I conceptualize foodwork as the articulation of visible and invisible women's work in the social organization of everyday food practices. The analysis of three blogs, written by women with, or mothers of children with, food allergies, provides a glimpse into the everyday living with food allergy. The investigation of the actual practices of allergy foodwork shows that they are interactive and intersectional patterns of work and make everyday life possible. The paper maps directions for research to explore how foodwork could be organized differently starting from the transformative potential of everyday food practices, blogs, and food allergy.
Flowing Well—Time‐Domain Solution and Inverse Problem Revisited
Authors: Perina Tomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTime‐domain analytical solution for groundwater flow to a fully penetrating flowing well is derived using the same substitution technique used to re‐derive (Perina 2010) the Theis (1935) equation and the approximate solution by Mishra and Guyonnet (1992) is confirmed. The exponential integral‐based flowing well function is a computationally effective alternative to the original Jacob and Lohman (1952) solution in integral form. For a constant drawdown test, the ratio of drawdown at an observation well to the flowrate is equivalent to drawdown response to pumping at unit constant rate; the transformed observations can be analyzed using the Theis (1935) function. Analysis of field test shows that simultaneous fitting to measurements of flow from the test well and drawdown at an observation well results in more accurate and better resolved estimates of aquifer properties than fitting to flow observations only.
More ‘milk’ than ‘psychology or tablets’: Mental health professionals’ perspectives on the value of peer support workers
Authors: Moore Timothy , Zeeman Laetitia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThough growing numbers of peer support workers are employed in the UK National Health Service (NHS), conflicts persist between core values of peer support and values which exert power within these services.ObjectivesTo explore what NHS mental health professionals value about the peer support worker role.DesignFive professionals from different professions and mental health settings were interviewed twice. The first interviews explored their experiences of working with peers. Transcripts were analysed using discourse analysis and psychosocial theory. Second interviews allowed participants to respond to the analysis and influence subsequent analysis.ResultsMental health professionals valued peers for the deeply empathic, relational approach they brought, based in their subjective experience. Peer work was also valued for the affect‐focused quality of this work, and the challenge peers pose to existing values in mental health services. The values of peer support troubled dominant ways of working based in forms of knowledge that favour objectivity and hence encountered challenges.ConclusionsPeers fulfil the role of amplifying the status of diverse forms of knowledge, values and related ways of working that have become marginalized in NHS mental health services. It is important that peers are not seen as an isolated solution to the marginalization of these forms of knowledge and values, but that their way of working becomes reflected in other roles whilst evoking change throughout these services.Patient or Public ContributionPatient and Public Involvement groups were consulted both in the design and analysis stages of the study.
Investigation on nanoscale material removal process of BK7 and fused silica glass during chemical‐mechanical polishing
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhou Ping , Yan Ying , Guo Dongming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the nanoscale material removal process in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is of fundamental importance for the operation and further development of CMP. In this study, the nanoscale material removal processes of both fused silica glass and BK7 glass were investigated based on single‐pad‐asperity polishing experiments. The results indicate that the material removal characteristics are highly dependent on the composition and structure of glass materials. In the mechanically induced chemical bonding removal mode, only atoms locate near the outermost several layers can participate in the formation and breakage of interfacial bridge bonds. Moreover, the force on the abrasive particle must exceed a threshold value to induce significant removal of Si atoms from the glass substrate, because as the breakage of Siglass–O backbonds does not occur in low‐stress conditions. We reveal for the first time that the chemical and mechanical properties of the topmost layer, which is recognized as densification, hydrated, or redeposition layer, have not been significantly affected by the mechanical action of the abrasive particles when polishing in this kind of material removal mode. The results are expected to provide a deeper insight into the nanoscale material removal mechanism during glass CMP.
Cartographers of their Futures: The Formation of Occupational Aspirations of Highly Educated Refugees in Malmö and Munich
Authors: Mozetič Katarina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe article engages with occupational aspirations of highly educated refugees with the aim to explore how their social positions of being highly educated and a refugee inform their aspirations. It does so by drawing on semi‐structured interviews with 30 highly educated refugees living in Malmö and Munich. Findings show how highly educated refugees’ occupational aspirations are informed by their educational and occupational resources, identity struggles and an interpretation of the local opportunity structures that is offered by public employment service (PES) case officers. The article thus argues that, rather than reflecting personal traits, occupational aspirations have socially grounded character. In doing so, the article contributes to the empirical knowledge about labour market integration of highly educated refugees, to our conceptualisation of refugee integration and to our understanding of the role that state integration programmes for refugees, particularly the PES case officers, play within it.
The role of neuraminidase in TLR4‐MAPK signalling and the release of cytokines by lupus serum‐stimulated mesangial cells
Authors: Sundararaj Kamala , Rodgers Jessalyn , Angel Peggi , Wolf Bethany , Nowling Tamara K. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryPreviously, we demonstrated neuraminidase (NEU) activity or NEU1 expression, specifically, is increased in the kidneys of lupus mice and urine of human patients with nephritis. Additionally, NEU activity mediates IL‐6 secretion from lupus‐prone MRL/lpr primary mouse mesangial cells (MCs) in response to an IgG mimic. IL‐6 mediates glomerular inflammation and promotes tissue damage in patients and mouse strains with lupus nephritis. This study further elucidates the mechanisms by which NEU activity and NEU1 specifically mediates the release of IL‐6 and other cytokines from lupus‐prone MCs. We demonstrate significantly increased release of multiple cytokines and NEU activity in MRL/lpr MCs in response to serum from MRL/lpr mice (lupus serum). Inhibiting NEU activity significantly reduced secretion of three of those cytokines: IL‐6, GM‐CSF and MIP1α. Message levels of Il‐6 and Gm‐csf were also increased in response to lupus serum and reduced when NEU activity was inhibited. Neutralizing antibodies to cell‐surface receptors and MAPK inhibitors in lupus serum‐ or LPS‐stimulated MCs indicate TLR4 and p38 or ERK MAP kinase signalling play key roles in the NEU‐mediated secretion of IL‐6. Significantly reduced IL‐6 release was observed in C57BL/6 (B6) Neu1+/+ primary MCs compared with wild‐type (Neu1+/+) B6 MCs in response to lupus serum. Additional results show inhibiting NEU activity significantly increases sialic acid‐containing N‐glycan levels. Together, our novel observations support a role for NEU activity, and specifically NEU1, in mediating release of IL‐6 from lupus‐prone MCs in response to lupus serum through a TLR4‐p38/ERK MAPK signalling pathway that likely includes desialylation of glycoproteins.
YAP accelerates vascular senescence via blocking autophagic flux and activating mTOR
Authors: Pan Xianmei , Wu Bo , Fan Xianglin , Xu Guanghui , Ou Caiwen , Chen Minsheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractYes‐associated protein (YAP), a major effector of the Hippo signalling pathway, is widely implicated in vascular pathophysiology processes. Here, we identify a new role of YAP in the regulation of vascular senescence. The inhibition or deficiency and overexpression of YAP were performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and isolated vascular tissues. Cellular and vascular senescence was assessed by analysis of the senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) and expression of senescence markers P16, P21, P53, TERT and TRF1. We found that YAP was highly expressed in old vascular tissues, inhibition and knockdown of YAP decreased senescence, while overexpression of YAP increased the senescence in both HUVECs and vascular tissues. In addition, autophagic flux blockage and mTOR pathway activation were observed during YAP‐induced HUVECs and vascular senescence, which could be relieved by the inhibition and knockdown of YAP. Moreover, YAP‐promoted cellular and vascular senescence could be relieved by mTOR inhibition. Collectively, our findings indicate that YAP may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ageing‐associated cardiovascular disease.