bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THOR 42: A touchstone ∼24 Myr-old eclipsing binary spanning the fully-convective boundary
Authors: Murphy Simon J , Lawson Warrick A , Onken Christopher A , Yong David , Da Costa Gary S , Zhou George , Mamajek Eric E , Bell Cameron P M , Bessell Michael S , Feinstein Adina D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present the characterization of CRTS J055255.7−004426 (=THOR 42), a young eclipsing binary comprising two pre-main sequence M dwarfs (combined spectral type M3.5). This nearby (103 pc), short-period (0.859 d) system was recently proposed as a member of the ∼24 Myr-old 32 Orionis Moving Group. Using ground- and space-based photometry in combination with medium- and high-resolution spectroscopy, we model the light and radial velocity curves to derive precise system parameters. The resulting component masses and radii are 0.497 ± 0.005 and 0.205 ± 0.002 $\rm {M}_{\odot }$, and 0.659 ± 0.003 and 0.424 ± 0.002 $\rm {R}_{\odot }$, respectively. With mass and radius uncertainties of ∼1 per cent and ∼0.5 per cent, respectively, THOR 42 is one of the most precisely characterized pre-main sequence eclipsing binaries known. Its systemic velocity, parallax, proper motion, colour–magnitude diagram placement and enlarged radii are all consistent with membership in the 32 Ori Group. The system provides a unique opportunity to test pre-main sequence evolutionary models at an age and mass range not well constrained by observation. From the radius and mass measurements we derive ages of 22–26 Myr using standard (non-magnetic) models, in excellent agreement with the age of the group. However, none of the models can simultaneously reproduce the observed mass, radius, temperature and luminosity of the coeval components. In particular, their H–R diagram ages are 2–4 times younger and we infer masses ∼50 per cent smaller than the dynamical values.
Conformation-dependent restraints for polynucleotides: the sugar moiety
Authors: Kowiel Marcin , Brzezinski Dariusz , Gilski Miroslaw , Jaskolski Mariusz 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Stereochemical restraints are commonly used to aid the refinement of macromolecular structures obtained by experimental methods at lower resolution. The standard restraint library for nucleic acids has not been updated for over two decades and needs revision. In this paper, geometrical restraints for nucleic acids sugars are derived using information from high-resolution crystal structures in the Cambridge Structural Database. In contrast to the existing restraints, this work shows that different parts of the sugar moiety form groups of covalent geometry dependent on various chemical and conformational factors, such as the type of ribose or the attached nucleobase, and ring puckering or rotamers of the glycosidic (χ) or side-chain (γ) torsion angles. Moreover, the geometry of the glycosidic link and the endocyclic ribose bond angles are functionally dependent on χ and sugar pucker amplitude (τm), respectively. The proposed restraints have been positively validated against data from the Nucleic Acid Database, compared with an ultrahigh-resolution Z-DNA structure in the Protein Data Bank, and tested by re-refining hundreds of crystal structures in the Protein Data Bank. The conformation-dependent sugar restraints presented in this work are publicly available in REFMAC, PHENIX and SHELXL format through a dedicated RestraintLib web server with an API function.
Specialized Functions of Olive FAD2 Gene Family Members Related to Fruit Development and the Abiotic Stress Response
Authors: Luisa Hernández M , Dolores Sicardo M , Arjona Patricia M , Martínez-Rivas José M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Three different cDNA sequences, designated OepFAD2-3, OepFAD2-4 and OepFAD2-5, encoding three microsomal oleate desaturases (FAD2) have been isolated from olive (Olea europaea cv. Picual). Sequence analysis and functional expression in yeast of the corresponding cDNAs confirm that they encode microsomal oleate desaturases. Gene expression and lipid analysis indicate that these three genes are not involved in the linoleic acid present in seed lipids, while OeFAD2-5, together with OeFAD2-2, contributes mostly to the linoleic acid present in the mesocarp and, therefore, in the olive oil. Our results have also shown that olive FAD2-3, FAD2-4 and FAD2-5 gene expression is not only spatially and temporally regulated in olive fruit, but also is cultivar-dependent, as well as regulated by water regime, temperature, light and wounding. All these data suggest specialized physiological roles for the olive FAD2 gene family members with respect to both aspects of the biosynthesis of the linoleic acid, either present in storage lipids that constitute the olive oil or being part of membrane lipids, which are involved in the response to abiotic stresses, and highlight the differences on FAD2 gene regulation between oilseeds and oil fruits.
Untangling systematics of the Paramacrobiotus areolatus species complex by an integrative redescription of the nominal species for the group, with multilocus phylogeny and species delineation in the genus Paramacrobiotus
Authors: Stec Daniel , Krzywański Łukasz , Zawierucha Krzysztof , Michalczyk Łukasz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIncomplete descriptions of nominal taxa are one of the most significant obstacles in modern taxonomy, including the taxonomy of Tardigrada. Another major problem in tardigrade systematics is the lack of tests for the reliability of genetic markers in species delineation. Here, we employ an integrative taxonomy approach to redescribe the nominal taxon for the P. areolatus complex, Paramacrobiotus areolatus. Moreover, we obtained multilocus DNA sequences for another 16 populations representing 9–12 Paramacrobiotus species collected from Europe, North America, Africa and Australia, enabling us to reconstruct the most extensive phylogeny of the genus to date. The identification of a pair of potentially cryptic dioecious P. areolatus complex species with divergent genetic distances in ITS2 (1.4%) and COI (13.8%) provided an opportunity to test the biological species concept for the first time in the history of tardigrade taxonomy. Intra- and interpopulation crosses did not differ in reproductive success in terms of F1 offspring. However, because of the low F1 family sizes, we were unfortunately unable to test F1 hybrid fertility. Although our results are only partially conclusive, they offer a baseline not only for further taxonomic and phylogenetic research on the areolatus complex, but also for studies on species delineation in tardigrades in general.
Investigating Swallowing and Tracheostomy Following Critical Illness: A Scoping Review
Authors: Skoretz Stacey A. , Riopelle Stephanie J. , Wellman Leslie , Dawson Camilla 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
Tracheostomy and dysphagia often coexist during critical illness; however, given the patient’s medical complexity, understanding the evidence to optimize swallowing assessment and intervention is challenging. The objective of this scoping review is to describe and explore the literature surrounding swallowing and tracheostomy in the acute care setting.

Data Sources:
Eight electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2017 inclusive, using a search strategy designed by an information scientist. We conducted manual searching of 10 journals, nine gray literature repositories, and forward and backward citation chasing.

Study Selection:
Two blinded reviewers determined eligibility according to inclusion criteria: English-language studies reporting on swallowing or dysphagia in adults (≥ 17 yr old) who had undergone tracheostomy placement while in acute care. Patients with head and/or neck cancer diagnoses were excluded.

Data Extraction:
We extracted data using a form designed a priori and conducted descriptive analyses.

Data Synthesis:
We identified 6,396 citations, of which 725 articles were reviewed and 85 (N) met inclusion criteria. We stratified studies according to content domains with some featuring in multiple categories: dysphagia frequency (n = 38), swallowing physiology (n = 27), risk factors (n = 31), interventions (n = 21), and assessment comparisons (n = 12) and by patient etiology. Sample sizes (with tracheostomy) ranged from 10 to 3,320, and dysphagia frequency ranged from 11% to 93% in studies with consecutive sampling. Study design, sampling method, assessment methods, and interpretation approach varied significantly across studies.

Conclusions:
The evidence base surrounding this subject is diverse, complicated by heterogeneous patient selection methods, design, and reporting. We suggest ways the evidence base may be developed.
Functional and Aesthetic Osseous Free Flap Mandible Reconstruction Using a Low-cost Method: Long-term Results
Authors: Olvera-Caballero Carlos , Cortes-Aroche Sergio , Vazquez- de- Lara Luis G. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Mandibular segment loss due to tumoral resection or infectious sequelae causes functional alterations with disorders in mastication, swallowing, speech, and aesthetic alterations with facial asymmetry due to deformity secondary to soft tissue collapse. Reconstructive treatment should recover function and aesthetics. This paper presents a low-cost method of mandibular reconstruction in a series of 6 patients with different years of follow-up (average follow-up time of 11.6 years) using the fibula and scapula free flaps.

Methods:
Five female patients and 1 male patient received mandibular reconstruction using osseous free flaps, 5 with the fibula and 1 with the scapula osseous free flap. The patient’s ages at the time of surgery ranged from 8 to 62 years (mean 33.1 years). Stainless steel wire was used as the osteosynthesis material, with intermaxillary fixation for 40 days postoperatively and masticatory rehabilitation using mucodental-supported prostheses.

Results:
To evaluate the aesthetic result and the facial symmetry, a questionnaire and the photographs of all the cases were sent to 8 plastic surgeons. The functional result was evaluated in 5 of the 6 patients using the Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile. All flaps survived, dental occlusion was achieved in all patients, no tumors recurred, masticatory function was normal without swallowing or speech alterations, and the transplanted bone hypertrophied and spontaneously remodeled, providing facial symmetry with good aesthetic results.

Conclusion:
We present a low-cost and universally applicable mandibular reconstruction method, with long-term follow-up and good aesthetic and functional results.
Quantitative 3-dimensional Geometry of the Aging Eyelids
Authors: Flores Cristina A. , Mundy Joseph L. , Byrne Margaret E. , Gonzalez Jose A. , Taylor Helena O. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Although facial aging is a well-known phenomenon, it has not been comprehensively characterized in 3 dimensions. This study introduces a novel technique for capturing periorbital structures across age groups using 3-dimensional (3D) imaging and point cloud data collection.

Methods:
Forty-six white women were divided into 3 age groups: 20–39 years, 40–59 years, and 60+ years. Patients were scanned with the Canfield 3D photogrammetry system, and data files were exported to the point cloud processing software CloudCompare. Manually selected points specifying eyelid margins, creases, and 5 key periorbital features provided the basis for a fitted model and principal component analysis (PCA). Potential statistical significance across age groups was assessed for PCA values corresponding to each subject's eyelid geometry.

Results:
Three tendencies emerged with respect to increasing age and eyelid anatomy: the width and height of the palpebral fissure decreases, with the width decreasing more rapidly; the depth of the lateral canthus relative to the medial canthus decreases; and the superior crease becomes more variable. Analyses of variance of PCA values across age groups show statistically significant differences between the youngest and oldest groups.

Conclusions:
Three-dimensional photogrammetry enables rigorous and reliable evaluation of the aging eyelid. Results suggest age-induced changes to eyelid margin, crease, and lateral canthus positions, which have been noted anecdotally but poorly quantified until now.
PHENOTYPE-GUIDED GENETIC TESTING OF PEDIATRIC INHERITED RETINAL DISEASE IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Authors: Khan Arif O. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
Inherited retinal disease is relatively common in the Arabian Gulf, but details regarding pediatric inherited retinal disease in the region are lacking. The purpose of this study is to report the experience of a regional Ocular Genetics Service with childhood-onset inherited retinal disease in the United Arab Emirates.

Methods:
Retrospective series of consecutive Emirati patients referred to the Ocular Genetics Service of Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi over a 3-year period (2016–2018) who were diagnosed with childhood-onset inherited retinal disease (onset before 16 years old) and underwent diagnostic genetic testing guided by clinical phenotype (single gene, next-generation panel, or exome sequencing).

Results:
Seventy-one probands were identified (38 male and 33 females), the majority of whom were symptomatic with visual problems within the first 5 years of life. All patients had disease causing mutations in 1 of 26 retinal disease genes. Recessive disease was frequently due to homozygous mutations. The most frequently mutated genes (and number of probands) were ABCA4 (14), KCNV2 (8), CRB1 (6), and CNGA3 (5). Recurrent specific gene mutations included ABCA4 p.Gly1961Glu/p.Leu857Pro, KCNV2 p.Glu143*, MERTK p.Cys738Trpfs*32, and RS1 c.52+3A>G. Some probands had mutations in syndromic genes and were confirmed to have extraocular findings.

Conclusion:
Phenotype-guided genetic testing had a remarkable yield for this patient population. Recessive disease is often from homozygous mutations. Cone-dominated phenotypes are common. There are apparent founder mutations for several genes that could be used in a targeted genetic testing strategy. Molecular diagnosis is particularly important in affected children when inherited retinal dystrophy could be a sign of syndromic disease as proper earlier diagnosis minimizes potential extraocular morbidity.
SELF-INFLICTED LASER-INDUCED MACULOPATHY MASQUERADING AS POSTERIOR UVEITIS IN A PATIENT WITH SUSPECTED IgG4-RELATED DISEASE
Authors: Agarwal Aniruddha , Jindal Ankur Kumar , Anjani Gummadi , Suri Deepti , Freund K. Bailey , Gupta Vishali 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To report the clinical presentation and imaging features in a case of bilateral self-inflicted handheld laser-induced maculopathy which masqueraded as progressive posterior uveitis in a patient with suspected IgG4-related disease.

Methods:
Case report with clinical history, fundus photographs, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and swept-source optical coherence tomography.

Results:
A young Asian Indian man presented with sudden progressive bilateral visual loss over the past 1 week. He was being treated with oral corticosteroids for multiple subcutaneous skin lesions believed to be due to IgG4-related disease. Findings included bilateral central areas of outer retinal disruption with eccentric linear and serpentine lesions showing hypoautofluorescence. Hyperreflective bands extending from the retinal pigment epithelium and interdigitation zone to the outer plexiform layer were present on swept-source optical coherence tomography. After careful history and evaluation of multimodal imaging, posterior uveitis was excluded, and a diagnosis of handheld laser-induced maculopathy was established.

Conclusion:
Pattern recognition is important in establishing a diagnosis of self-inflicted handheld laser-induced maculopathy which can masquerade as posterior uveitis. Increasing availability of powerful Class IIIb laser devices in both developed and developing countries will likely increase the incidence of this entity.
CONVERSION AND SPONTANEOUS REVERSION OF LAMELLAR HOLE FROM FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLE
Authors: Ellis Michael , Yiu Glenn 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To report the conversion and spontaneous reversion of a lamellar hole from full-thickness macular hole after vitrectomy surgery for retinal detachment repair.

Methods:
Case report of a patient with a preexisting lamellar hole who underwent retinal detachment repair.

Results:
A patient with a history of a lamellar hole developed a fovea-sparing retinal detachment that was repaired by vitrectomy surgery with gas tamponade. Two months after the surgery, he developed a full-thickness macular hole that spontaneously reverted back to a lamellar hole configuration over several months.

Conclusion:
Although spontaneous closure of full-thickness macular hole after retinal detachment repair has been reported, the conversion and spontaneous reversion of a lamellar hole from full-thickness macular hole after vitrectomy provide insight into the tractional forces involved in the pathophysiology of lamellar and full-thickness macular holes.
Durability of Hearing Preservation Following Microsurgical Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Dowling Eric M. , Patel Neil S. , Lohse Christine M. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Neff Brian A. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Link Michael J. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: November 2019

Objective:To ascertain long-term hearing outcomes in patients with serviceable hearing following microsurgical resection of sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS).Study Design:Retrospective cohort.Setting:Tertiary academic referral center.Patients:Forty-three adult subjects with unilateral sporadic VS who had serviceable hearing (American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery [AAO-HNS] class A or B) on initial postoperative audiogram following microsurgical resection between 2003 and 2016 with a minimum of two postoperative audiograms available for review.Intervention:Surgical treatment with a retrosigmoid or middle cranial fossa approach.Main Outcome Measure:Rate of maintaining serviceable hearing, as estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, in accordance with the 1995 and 2012 AAO-HNS guidelines on reporting hearing outcomes.Results:The median immediate postoperative pure-tone average (PTA) and word recognition score (WRS) were 31 dB and 95%, respectively. At last follow-up, the median PTA was 38 dB with a median change of 5 dB from initial postoperative audiogram, and the median WRS was 90% with a median change of 0% from initial postoperative audiogram. Eight patients developed non-serviceable hearing at a median of 4.1 years following microsurgical resection (interquartile range, 2.9–7.0). The median duration of hearing follow-up for the 35 patients who maintained serviceable hearing was 3.1 years (interquartile range, 2.2–7.5). Tumor control was achieved in 41 (95%) patients. The rate of maintaining serviceable hearing at 5 years was 81%.Conclusion:Microsurgical resection provides excellent tumor control and durable long-term hearing in those with AAO-HNS class A or B hearing postoperatively. The paradigm of proactive microsurgical resection—when the tumor is small and hearing is good—hinges on the surgeon's ability to preserve residual hearing in a very high percentage of cases at or near preoperative hearing levels to maintain an advantage over conservative observation with regard to long-term hearing preservation.
Antibiotic prescribing trends in a pediatric population in Lithuania in 2003–2012
Authors: Karinauske Egle , Kasciuskeviciute Skaiste , Morkuniene Vilma , Garuoliene Kristina , Kadusevicius Edmundas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the trends in consumption of antibiotics and evaluate the antibiotic prescription rates in the pediatric population in Lithuania during 2003 to 2012.
A cross-sectional study. Data of systemic antibiotic use in pediatric population for outpatient treatment was derived from National Health Insurance Fund database. Consumption was expressed as WHO ATC defined daily dose (DDD)/1000 children/day and as a number of prescriptions written in the general population per year. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS/W 20.0 software (Statistical Product and Service Solutions for Windows).
Total utilization of antibiotics (expressed in DDD units) during study period increased by 8.40% (from 5.67 to 6.19 DDD/1000 children/day) and by 5.96% expressed in prescription rate (from 585.84 to 622.97 prescriptions/1000 children/year). The most popular antibiotic group was macrolides which showed the highest increase of utilization 5.9 times (from 0.27 DDD/1000 children/day in 2003 to 1.66 DDD/1000 children/day in 2012).
The most common indications for antibiotic prescribing for children in 2012 were acute bronchitis (25.6%), acute tonsillitis (21.7%) and acute pharyngitis (14.6%). Amoxicillin had the highest probability to be chosen to treat acute tonsillitis (prob. [probability] = .2875) and acute pharyngitis (prob. = .5553). Clarithromycin had the highest probability to be chosen to treat acute bronchitis (prob. = .4222).
Most of the diseases treated with antibiotics were viral infections. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were broad-spectrum. The consumption of antibiotics was evenly increasing during 2003 to 2012 period, but the distribution of separate antibiotic group remained the same.
The association of endocannabinoid receptor genes (CNR1 and CNR2) polymorphisms with depression
Authors: Kong Xiangjuan , Miao Qingshan , Lu Xiaozi , Zhang Zeng , Chen Min , Zhang Jinxiang , Zhai Jinguo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Studies investigating the association between gene variants and depression susceptibility found inconsistent data. The present study aimed to clarify whether CNR1rs1049353, CNR1 AAT triplet repeat, and CNR2rs2501432 polymorphisms confer higher risk for depressive disorder.
Literature from PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrance Library, and Wanfang databases was searched (up to August 20, 2018). Seven case–control studies with various comorbidities were eligible. We targeted CNR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been reported by 2 or more studies to be involved in the current meta-analysis, resulting in a final list of 3 SNPs: CNR1rs1049353, CNR1 AAT triplet repeat polymorphism, and CNR2rs2501432. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for allele and homozygote comparisons, dominant and recessive models, and triplet repeat polymorphism ((AAT)n≥5, ≥5 vs (AAT)n<5, <5 or <5, ≥5) were assessed using a random effect model as measures of association. Heterogeneity among included studies was analyzed using sensitivity test. Publication bias was also explored by Egger and rank correlation test.
overall, no significant association was found between depression and CNR1rs1049353 (G vs A: OR [95% CI] = 1.09 [0.61–1.95]; GG vs AA: 1.29 [0.73–2.26]; GG vs GA+AA: 1.10 [0.57–2.10]; GG+GA vs AA: 1.25 [0.72–2.18]; and AAT triplet repeat polymorphism ((AAT)n≥5, ≥5 vs (AAT)n<5, <5 or <5, ≥5): 1.92 [0.59–6.27]. In contrast, a significant association between CNR2rs2501432 and depression was detected, and the ORs and 95% CIs are as follows: allele contrast (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = [1.12–1.72], P = .003); homozygous (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = [1.34–3.59], P = .002); dominant (OR = 1.93,95% CI = [1.23–3.04], P = .005); and recessive (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = [1.04–1.92], P = .03).
This meta-analysis revealed that CNR1rs1049353 or AAT triplet repeat polymorphism had no association with susceptibility to depression, while CNR2rs2501432 polymorphism was a remarkable mark for depression patients.