bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Palgrave Handbook of Sociology in Britain, Australian Sociology, Sociology in Ireland
Authors: Crothers Charles 
Published: November 2020

Book Review of:
John Holmwood and John Scott (eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of Sociology in BritainBasingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2014Hardcover, 631 pp.ISBN 978-0-230-29981-8Price: € 234,33
Kirsten Harley and Gary Wickham, Australian Sociology: Fragility, Survival, RivalryBasingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2014 (Sociology Transformed)Hardcover, 123 pp.ISBN 978-1-137-37974-0Price: € 69,54
Bryan Fanning and Andreas Hess, Sociology in Ireland: A Short HistoryBasingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2015 (Sociology Transformed)Hardcover, 89 pp.ISBN 978-1-137-45035-7Price: € 69,54
Morris: The Scholar Denied: W.E.B. DuBois
Authors: Huebner Daniel R. 
Published: November 2020

Book Review of:
Aldon Morris, The Scholar Denied: W. E. B. Du Bois and the Birth of Modern SociologyOakland, CA: University of California PressHardcover, xxviii+282 pp.ISBN: 9780520276352Price: US $ 29,95
Backhouse & Fontaine (eds.): A Historiography of the Modern Social Sciences
Authors: Duller Matthias 
Published: November 2020

Book Review of:
Backhouse, Roger E., and Philippe Fontaine, eds., A Historiography of the Modern Social SciencesCambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014pp. 248.ISBN: 978-1107037724Price: $ 78.00
The Response of Fordhook Giant / Swisschard (Beta vulgaris var Cicla) and Mustard (Brassica Juncea) Spinach Vegetables to Irrigation with Saline Water
Authors: Dlamini M. V. , Masarirambi M. T. 
Published: November 2020

Saline irrigation water is becoming an important water source as fresh water is fast becoming a scarce resource in many areas of the world, including Eswatini, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. A study to test the response of two varieties of spinach (fordhook giant and mustard) to salinity was conducted in a field pot experiment at the Faculty of Agriculture at the Luyengo Campus of the University of Eswatini. The treatments were laid in a randomized block design (RCBD). The experiment consisted of four treatments, each replicated twelve times. Treatments were salinity levels of 0.0 dS/m, 1.5 dS/m, 2.0 dS/m and 3.5 dS/m. All the treatments were subjected to similar agronomic practices. Spinach was grown and observed for a period of five weeks. Plant height was measured and the number of leaves counted weekly throughout the experiment. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between salinity treatments were obtained for plant height beginning in week 2 but were more pronounced in week 3, 4 and week 5. No significant differences were obtained for the number of leaves. There were however, clear significant differences between spinach irrigated with none saline irrigation water compared to saline irrigation water. It was concluded that irrigating spinach with saline water of more than 2.0 dS/m drastically reduce plant growth but not the number of leaves under the conditions of the experiment.
Evaluation of Host Stinging Behavior of the Larval Ectoparasitoid Diglyphus isaea on Some Selected Host Plants
Authors: Elkhouly Alansary R. , Shafsha Husen A. , Hireereeq Almabruk A. Al 
Published: November 2020

Background: In parasitoid insects, beside parasitism, there are two other behaviors that may increase leaf miner mortality: Feeding on the host (host feeding) and, host penalization without oviposition or feeding (host stinging).
Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate (host stinging) behavior of the larval ectoparasitoid D. isaea in field on some selected host plants.
Methods: The present study was carried out in Alejelat region. Four selected host plants were studied, chick pea (Cicer arietinum) and broad bean (Vecia faba) as a Winter host plants and, Cow pea (Vigna unguiculate) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were selected as summer host plants during the growing seasons 2018 and 2019. Samples were kept in plastic bags and transferred to be examined in the laboratory. Number of living L. trifolii larvae, and number of killed larvae according to feeding (no oviposition) by D. isaea were counted and recorded.
Results: On cow pea host stung larvae recorded (156 individuals/ 100 infested leaflets) occurred in 10th of August, with (r = +0.69**) between host stung larvae and the population of L. trifolii recorded). On kidney bean host stung larvae recorded (101 individuals/ 100 infested leaflets) occurred in 24th of August, with (r = + 0.85**) value between host stung larvae and the population of L. trifolii recorded. On the other hand, the percentage of host stung larvae ranged between (5.67% and 28.22%) and (15.88% and 42.30%) for cow pea and kidney bean respectively. On broad bean host stung larvae recorded (159 individuals/ 100 infested leaflets), with (r = +0.59*) between host stung larvae and the population of L. trifolii .On chick pea host stung larvae recorded (82 individuals/ 100 infested leaflets) with (r = +0.20ns) between host stung larvae and the population of L. trifolii. On the other hand, percentages of host stung larvae ranged between (8.45% and 36.60%) and (21.80% and 87.65%) for broad bean and chick pea respectively.
Conclusion: The highest percentage of host stung larvae recorded on chick pea 44.65% followed by kidney bean 24.21%, broad bean 18.45% and cow pea 12.97% respectively. On the other hand, the correlation coefficient value (r) between numbers of L. trifolii larvae and, host stung larvae recorded the highest on kidney bean +0.85** followed by cow pea +0.69**, Broad bean +0.59* and Chick pea +0.20ns respectively.
Status Dystonicus in Children with Secondary Dystonia: Reporting 3 Cases of Cerebral Palsy, Leigh Disease and Molybodynum Co Factor Deficiency
Authors: Fatema Kanij , Rahman Md Mizanur , Akhter Shaheen 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Patients with primary and secondary dystonic syndromes occasionally develop severe episodes of generalized dystonia and rigidity which is known as status dystonicus (SD) or dystonic storm. This is a frightening hyperkinetic movement disorder and it is an emergency. Marked, rapid exacerbation of dystonia requires prompt intervention and admission in the hospital. It is critical to recognize early and differentiate dystonic storm from other hyperkinetic movement disorder as it may lead to metabolic complications such as rhabdomyolysis, leading to acute renal failure. This paper has been written to describe three cases of SD, all having secondary dystonia with different etiologies to highlight the mode of presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome.
Methodology: We report 3 cases of severe secondary dystonia culminating in SD necessitating management in hospital setting. All the three cases were admitted in a tertiary care hospital and evaluated.
Results: One patient was treated in intensive care unit. In brief 1st case was a 5 year boy with dyskinetic CP who was treated with trihexiphenidyl (THP), baclofen and midazolam infusion. Second case was a 15 month old boy, diagnosed case of mitochondrial encephalopathy (Leigh disease) who was treated with THP, baclofen, haloperidol, clonazepam and infusion midazolam. The third case was a 13 month old boy, diagnosed case of Molybdenum Cofactor deficiency who was treated with THP, tizanidine but they refused to take midazolam.
Conclusion: In this case series, three cases with SD with different etiology have been described with clinical features, modalities of treatment and outcome.
Disruption of small molecule transporter systems by Transporter‐Interfering Chemicals (TICs)
Authors: Nicklisch Sascha C.T. , Hamdoun Amro 
Published: November 2020

Small molecule transporters (SMTs) in the ABC and SLC families are important players in disposition of diverse endo‐ and xenobiotics. Interactions of environmental chemicals with these transporters were first postulated in the 1990s, and since validated in numerous in vitro and in vivo scenarios. Recent results on the co‐crystal structure of ABCB1 with the flame‐retardant BDE‐100 demonstrate that a diverse range of man‐made and natural toxic molecules, hereafter termed transporter‐interfering chemicals (TICs), can directly bind to SMTs and interfere with their function. TIC‐binding modes mimic those of substrates, inhibitors, modulators, inducers, and possibly stimulants through direct and allosteric mechanisms. Similarly, the effects could directly or indirectly agonize, antagonize or perhaps even prime the SMT system to alter transport function. Importantly, TICs are distinguished from drugs and pharmaceuticals that interact with transporters in that exposure is unintended and inherently variant. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of environmental chemical interaction with SMTs, the methodological considerations for their evaluation, and the future directions for TIC discovery.
Patient Perspectives on Gout and Gout Treatments: A Patient Panel Discussion That Informed the 2020 American College of Rheumatology Treatment Guideline
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Neogi Tuhina , FitzGerald John D. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to understand patient perspectives to inform the voting process for the 2020 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) gout treatment guideline.MethodsWe conducted a panel meeting of eight patients with gout in Birmingham, Alabama. Patients were referred to the project by private and academic rheumatologists in the Birmingham area. All participants received orientation related to the guideline development process and evidence rating at the beginning of the meeting. With the help of a physician moderator, the patient panel reviewed nine key clinical scenarios and the supporting evidence and discussed their views and perspectives related to each. They also provided their preference for one of the two treatment options for each clinical scenario.ResultsThe patient panel included eight men with gout. Of these eight participants, seven received their gout care from a rheumatologist and one from a primary care physician. Patients favored more active urate‐lowering therapy (ULT) management and interventional management of gout flares to achieve desired clinical outcomes, resulting in unanimous consensus on choices related to six clinical scenarios: ULT initiation in gout, treat‐to‐target management strategy, use of pegloticase for refractory gout, starting ULT during a gout flare, using injectable treatments (over oral) for acute gout flares, and use of febuxostat in people with cardiovascular disease.ConclusionKnowledge of patient preferences and values is valuable and was influential for the development of the 2020 ACR gout treatment guideline.
Guest Encapsulation within Surface‐Adsorbed Self‐Assembled Cages
Authors: Ryan Hugh P. , Haynes Cally J. E. , Smith Alyssa , Grommet Angela B. , Nitschke Jonathan R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoordination cages encapsulate a wide variety of guests in the solution state. This ability renders them useful for applications such as catalysis and the sequestration of precious materials. A simple and general method for the immobilization of coordination cages on alumina is reported. Cage loadings are quantified via adsorption isotherms and guest displacement assays demonstrate that the adsorbed cages retain the ability to encapsulate and separate guest and non‐guest molecules. Finally, a system of two cages, adsorbed on to different regions of alumina, stabilizes and separates a pair of Diels–Alder reagents. The addition of a single competitive guest results in the controlled release of the reagents, thus triggering their reaction. This method of coordination cage immobilization on solid phases is envisaged to be applicable to the extensive library of reported cages, enabling new applications based upon selective solid‐phase molecular encapsulation.
Similarities and differences between study designs in short‐ and long‐term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open low anterior resection for rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized, case‐matched, and cohort studies
Authors: Hoshino Nobuaki , Fukui Yudai , Hida Koya , Obama Kazutaka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimRandomized controlled trials (RCT) are the gold standard in surgical research, and case‐matched studies, such as studies with propensity score matching, are expected to serve as an alternative to RCT. Both study designs have been used to investigate the potential superiority of laparoscopic surgery to open surgery for rectal cancer, but it remains unclear whether there are any differences in the findings obtained using these study designs. We aimed to examine similarities and differences between findings from different study designs regarding laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analyses. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. RCT, case‐matched studies, and cohort studies comparing laparoscopic low anterior resection and open low anterior resection for rectal cancer were included. In total, 8 short‐term outcomes and 3 long‐term outcomes were assessed. Meta‐analysis was conducted stratified by study design using a random‐effects model.ResultsThirty‐five studies were included in this review. Findings did not differ between RCT and case‐matched studies for most outcomes. However, the estimated treatment effect was largest in cohort studies, intermediate in case‐matched studies, and smallest in RCT for overall postoperative complications and 3‐year local recurrence.ConclusionFindings from case‐matched studies were similar to those from RCT in laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer. However, findings from case‐matched studies were sometimes intermediate between those of RCT and unadjusted cohort studies, and case‐matched studies and cohort studies have a potential to overestimate the treatment effect compared with RCT.
Development and Validation of the Pediatric Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease Quality of Life Outcome Measure
Authors: Ramchandren Sindhu , Wu Tong Tong , Finkel Richard S. , Siskind Carly E. , Feely Shawna M. E. , Burns Joshua , Reilly Mary M. , Estilow Timothy , Shy Michael E. ,   Childhood CMT Study Group
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) reduces health‐related quality of life (QOL), especially in children. Defining QOL in pediatric CMT can help physicians monitor disease burden clinically and in trials. We identified items pertaining to QOL in children with CMT and conducted validation studies to develop a pediatric CMT‐specific QOL outcome measure (pCMT‐QOL).MethodsDevelopment and validation of the pCMT‐QOL patient‐reported outcome measure were iterative, involving identifying relevant domains, item pool generation, prospective pilot testing and clinical assessments, structured focus‐group interviews, and psychometric testing. Testing was conducted in children with CMT seen at participating sites from the USA, United Kingdom, and Australia.ResultsWe conducted systematic literature reviews and analysis of generic QOL measures to identify 6 domains relevant to QOL in children with CMT. Sixty items corresponding to those domains were developed de novo, or identified from literature review and CMT‐specific modification of items from the pediatric Neuro‐QOL measures. The draft version underwent prospective feasibility and face content validity assessments to develop a working version of the pCMT‐QOL measure. From 2010 to 2016, the pCMT‐QOL working version was administered to 398 children aged 8 to 18 years seen at the participating study sites of the Inherited Neuropathies Consortium. The resulting data underwent rigorous psychometric analysis, including factor analysis, test–retest reliability, internal consistency, convergent validity, item response theory analysis, and longitudinal analysis, to develop the final pCMT‐QOL patient‐reported outcome measure.InterpretationThe pCMT‐QOL patient‐reported outcome measure is a reliable, valid, and sensitive measure of health‐related QOL for children with CMT. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:369–379
Multicenter Validation of the max‐ICH Score in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Sembill Jochen A. , Castello Juan P. , Sprügel Maximilian I. , Gerner Stefan T. , Hoelter Philip , Lücking Hannes , Doerfler Arnd , Schwab Stefan , Huttner Hagen B. , Biffi Alessandro , Kuramatsu Joji B. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveOutcome prognostication unbiased by early care limitations (ECL) is essential for guiding treatment in patients presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study was to determine whether the max‐ICH (maximally treated ICH) Score provides improved and clinically useful prognostic estimation of functional long‐term outcomes after ICH.MethodsThis multicenter validation study compared the prognostication of the max‐ICH Score versus the ICH Score regarding diagnostic accuracy (discrimination and calibration) and clinical utility using decision curve analysis. We performed a joint investigation of individual participant data of consecutive spontaneous ICH patients (n = 4,677) from 2 retrospective German‐wide studies (RETRACE I + II; anticoagulation‐associated ICH only) conducted at 22 participating centers, one German prospective single‐center study (UKER‐ICH; nonanticoagulation‐associated ICH only), and 1 US‐based prospective longitudinal single‐center study (MGH; both anticoagulation‐ and nonanticoagulation‐associated ICH), treated between January 2006 and December 2015.ResultsOf 4,677 included ICH patients, 1,017 (21.7%) were affected by ECL (German cohort: 15.6% [440 of 2,377]; MGH: 31.0% [577 of 1,283]). Validation of long‐term functional outcome prognostication by the max‐ICH Score provided good and superior discrimination in patients without ECL compared with the ICH Score (area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC], German cohort: 0.81 [0.78–0.83] vs 0.74 [0.72–0.77], p < 0.01; MGH: 0.85 [0.81–0.89] vs 0.78 [0.74–0.82], p < 0.01), and for the entire cohort (AUROC, German cohort: 0.84 [0.82–0.86] vs 0.80 [0.77–0.82], p < 0.01; MGH: 0.83 [0.81–0.85] vs 0.77 [0.75–0.79], p < 0.01). Both scores showed no evidence of poor calibration. The clinical utility investigated by decision curve analysis showed, at high threshold probabilities (0.8, aiming to avoid false‐positive poor outcome attribution), that the max‐ICH Score provided a clinical net benefit compared with the ICH Score (14.1 vs 2.1 net predicted poor outcomes per 100 patients).InterpretationThe max‐ICH Score provides valid and improved prognostication of functional outcome after ICH. The associated clinical net benefit in minimizing false poor outcome attribution might potentially prevent unwarranted care limitations in patients with ICH. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:474–484
TagSeq for gene expression in non‐model plants: A pilot study at the Santa Rita Experimental Range NEON core site
Authors: Marx Hannah E. , Scheidt Stephen , Barker Michael S. , Dlugosch Katrina M. 
Published: November 2020

PremiseTagSeq is a cost‐effective approach for gene expression studies requiring a large number of samples. To date, TagSeq studies in plants have been limited to those with a high‐quality reference genome. We tested the suitability of reference transcriptomes for TagSeq in non‐model plants, as part of a study of natural gene expression variation at the Santa Rita Experimental Range National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) core site.MethodsTissue for TagSeq was sampled from multiple individuals of four species (Bouteloua aristidoides and Eragrostis lehmanniana [Poaceae], Tidestromia lanuginosa [Amaranthaceae], and Parkinsonia florida [Fabaceae]) at two locations on three dates (56 samples total). One sample per species was used to create a reference transcriptome via standard RNA‐seq. TagSeq performance was assessed by recovery of reference loci, specificity of tag alignments, and variation among samples.ResultsA high fraction of tags aligned to each reference and mapped uniquely. Expression patterns were quantifiable for tens of thousands of loci, which revealed consistent spatial differentiation in expression for all species.DiscussionTagSeq using de novo reference transcriptomes was an effective approach to quantifying gene expression in this study. Tags were highly locus specific and generated biologically informative profiles for four non‐model plant species.
Effect of human immunodeficiency virus on the brain: A review
Authors: Cilliers Karen , Muller Christo J. F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThirty million people are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide, and HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is one of the most common comorbidities of HIV. However, the effect of HIV on the brain has not been fully investigated. This article aimed to review the changes to the brain due to HIV in terms of atrophy, diffusion changes, and hyperintensities. Studies have observed significant atrophy in subcortical gray matter, as well as in cortical white and gray matter. Moreover, the ventricles enlarge, and the sulci widen. Although HIV causes changes to the white and gray matter of the brain, few diffusion tensor imaging studies have investigated the changes to gray matter integrity. White and gray matter hyperintensities have frequently been observed in HIV‐positive individuals, with the subcortical gray matter (caudate nucleus and putamen) and periventricular white matter frequently affected. In conclusion, subcortical gray matter is the first brain region to be affected and is affected most severely. Additionally, this review highlights the gaps in the literature, since the effect of HIV on the brain is not fully known. Future studies should continue to investigate the effect of HIV on the brain in different stages of the disease, and alternate therapies should be developed since highly active antiretroviral therapy is currently ineffective at treating HAND.
Habits and the electronic herd: The psychology behind social media’s successes and failures
Authors: Anderson Ian A. , Wood Wendy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIf platforms such asFacebook, Instagram,andTwitterare the engines of social media use, what is the gasoline? The answer can be found in the psychological dynamics behind consumer habit formation and performance. In fact, the financial success of different social media sites is closely tied to the daily‐use habits they create among users. We explain how the rewards of social media sites motivate user habit formation, how social media design provides cues that automatically activate habits and nudge continued use, and how strong habits hinder quitting social media. Demonstrating that use habits are tied to cues, we report a novel test of a 2008 change inFacebookdesign, showing that it impeded posting only of frequent, habitual users, suggesting that the change disrupted habit automaticity. Finally, we offer predictions about the future of social media sites, highlighting the features most likely to promote user habits.