bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Methodological Assessment of the Randomized GLOBAL LEADERS Trial Using Total Ischemic and Bleeding Events
Authors: Hara Hironori , van Klaveren David , Takahashi Kuniaki , Kogame Norihiro , Chichareon Ply , Modolo Rodrigo , Tomaniak Mariusz , Ono Masafumi , Kawashima Hideyuki , Wang Rutao , Gao Chao , Niethammer Margit , Fontos Geza , Angioi Michael , Ribeiro Vasco Gama , Barbato Emanuele , Leandro Sergio , Hamm Christian , Valgimigli Marco , Windecker Stephan , Jüni Peter , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Verbeeck Johan , Tijssen Jan G.P. , Sharif Faisal , Onuma Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W. ,   for the GLOBAL LEADERS Trial Investigators
Published: July 2020

Background:
Time-to-first-event analysis considers only the first event irrespective of its severity. There are several methods to assess trial outcomes beyond time-to-first-event analysis, such as analyzing total events and ranking outcomes. In the GLOBAL LEADERS study, time-to-first-event analysis did not show superiority of ticagrelor monotherapy following one-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention to conventional 12-month DAPT followed by aspirin monotherapy in the reduction of the primary composite end point of all-cause mortality or new Q-wave myocardial infarction. This study sought to explore various analytical approaches in assessing total ischemic and bleeding events after percutaneous coronary intervention in the GLOBAL LEADERS study.

Methods and Results:

Total ischemic and bleeding events were defined as all-cause mortality, any stroke, any myocardial infarction, any revascularization, or Bleeding Academic Research Consortium grade 2 or 3 bleeding. We used various analytical approaches to analyze the benefit of ticagrelor monotherapy over conventional DAPT. For ischemic and bleeding events at 2 years after percutaneous coronary intervention, ticagrelor monotherapy demonstrated a 6% risk reduction, compared with conventional 12-month DAPT in time-to-first-event analysis (hazard ratio, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.88–1.01]; log-rank
P
=0.10). In win ratio analysis, win ratio was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.97–1.13;
P
=0.20). Negative binomial regression and Andersen-Gill analyses which include repeated events showed statistically significant advantage for ticagrelor monotherapy (rate ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.85–0.99;
P
=0.020] and hazard ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.85–0.99;
P
=0.028], respectively), although in weighted composite end point analysis, the hazard ratio was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.84–1.04; log-rank
P
=0.22).

Conclusions:
Statistical analyses considering repeated events or event severity showed that ticagrelor monotherapy consistently reduced ischemic and bleeding events by 5% to 8%, compared with conventional 1-year DAPT. Applying multiple statistical methods could emphasize the multiple facets of a trial and result in accurate and more appropriate analyses. Considering the recurrence of ischemic and bleeding events, ticagrelor monotherapy appeared to be beneficial after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01813435.
Increased Glucose Availability Attenuates Myocardial Ketone Body Utilization
Authors: Brahma Manoja K. , Ha Chae‐Myeong , Pepin Mark E. , Mia Sobuj , Sun Zhihuan , Chatham John C. , Habegger Kirk M. , Abel Evan Dale , Paterson Andrew J. , Young Martin E. , Wende Adam R. 
Published: July 2020

Background
Perturbations in myocardial substrate utilization have been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic subjects. The failing heart in nondiabetics tends to decrease reliance on fatty acid and glucose oxidation, and increases reliance on ketone body oxidation. In contrast, little is known regarding the mechanisms mediating this shift among all 3 substrates in diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that changes in myocardial glucose utilization directly influence ketone body catabolism.

Methods and Results

We examined ventricular‐cardiac tissue from the following murine models: (1) streptozotocin‐induced type 1 diabetes mellitus; (2) high‐fat‐diet–induced glucose intolerance; and transgenic inducible cardiac‐restricted expression of (3) glucose transporter 4 (transgenic inducible cardiac restricted expression of glucose transporter 4); or (4) dominant negative
O
‐GlcNAcase. Elevated blood glucose (type 1 diabetes mellitus and high‐fat diet mice) was associated with reduced cardiac expression of β‐hydroxybutyrate‐dehydrogenase and succinyl‐CoA:3‐oxoacid CoA transferase. Increased myocardial β‐hydroxybutyrate levels were also observed in type 1 diabetes mellitus mice, suggesting a mismatch between ketone body availability and utilization. Increased cellular glucose delivery in transgenic inducible cardiac restricted expression of glucose transporter 4 mice attenuated cardiac expression of both Bdh1 and Oxct1 and reduced rates of myocardial BDH1 activity and β‐hydroxybutyrate oxidation. Moreover, elevated cardiac protein
O
‐GlcNAcylation (a glucose‐derived posttranslational modification) by dominant negative
O
‐GlcNAcase suppressed β‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase expression. Consistent with the mouse models, transcriptomic analysis confirmed suppression of BDH1 and OXCT1 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure compared with nondiabetic patients.

Conclusions
Our results provide evidence that increased glucose leads to suppression of cardiac ketolytic capacity through multiple mechanisms and identifies a potential crosstalk between glucose and ketone body metabolism in the diabetic myocardium.
Field Evidence of Inverse Energy Cascades in the Surfzone
Authors: Elgar Steve , Raubenheimer Britt 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLow-frequency currents and eddies transport sediment, pathogens, larvae, and heat along the coast and between the shoreline and deeper water. Here, low-frequency currents (between 0.1 and 4.0 mHz) observed in shallow surfzone waters for 120 days during a wide range of wave conditions are compared with theories for generation by instabilities of alongshore currents, by ocean-wave-induced sea surface modulations, and by a nonlinear transfer of energy from breaking waves to low-frequency motions via a two-dimensional inverse energy cascade. For these data, the low-frequency currents are not strongly correlated with shear of the alongshore current, with the strength of the alongshore current, or with wave-group statistics. In contrast, on many occasions, the low-frequency currents are consistent with an inverse energy cascade from breaking waves. The energy of the low-frequency surfzone currents increases with the directional spread of the wave field, consistent with vorticity injection by short-crested breaking waves, and structure functions increase with spatial lags, consistent with a cascade of energy from few-meter-scale vortices to larger-scale motions. These results include the first field evidence for the inverse energy cascade in the surfzone and suggest that breaking waves and nonlinear energy transfers should be considered when estimating nearshore transport processes across and along the coast.
Optimizing Mooring Placement to Constrain Southern Ocean Air–Sea Fluxes
Authors: Wei Yanzhou , Gille Sarah T. , Mazloff Matthew R. , Tamsitt Veronica , Swart Sebastiaan , Chen Dake , Newman Louise 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProposals from multiple nations to deploy air–sea flux moorings in the Southern Ocean have raised the question of how to optimize the placement of these moorings in order to maximize their utility, both as contributors to the network of observations assimilated in numerical weather prediction and also as a means to study a broad range of processes driving air–sea fluxes. This study, developed as a contribution to the Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS), proposes criteria that can be used to determine mooring siting to obtain best estimates of net air–sea heat flux (Qnet). Flux moorings are envisioned as one component of a multiplatform observing system, providing valuable in situ point time series measurements to be used alongside satellite data and observations from autonomous platforms and ships. Assimilating models (e.g., numerical weather prediction and reanalysis products) then offer the ability to synthesize the observing system and map properties between observations. This paper develops a framework for designing mooring array configurations to maximize the independence and utility of observations. As a test case, within the meridional band from 35° to 65°S we select eight mooring sites optimized to explain the largest fraction of the total variance (and thus to ensure the least variance of residual components) in the area south of 20°S. Results yield different optimal mooring sites for low-frequency interannual heat fluxes compared with higher-frequency subseasonal fluxes. With eight moorings, we could explain a maximum of 24.6% of high-frequency Qnet variability or 44.7% of low-frequency Qnet variability.
Different Perceptions Exist Between Health Care Providers and the General Population Regarding the Importance of Findings on Additional Imaging for Trauma Consults
Authors: Plaster Andrew L. , Faulks Emily R. , Gillen Jacob N. , Tegge Allison N. , Matos Miguel A. , Lollar Daniel I. , Bower Katie L. , Nussbaum Michael S. , Collier Bryan R. , Hamill Mark E. 
Published: July 2020

Background Approximately one-third of additional imaging for trauma consults results in the discovery of new injuries. No studies have addressed the perception of these findings in non-health care providers. Our hypothesis was that significant differences in perception of the importance of injuries would exist between health care providers (HCPs) and the general population. Methods Six standardized scenarios were developed detailing common new injury findings on additional imaging in trauma consults. Demographics as well as information regarding the significance of findings, potential for change in care, and the importance of patient notification were collected. Surveys were electronically distributed to HCPs in our system and the public. Data analysis was performed with generalized linear modeling. Results A total of 339 public and 129 HCP surveys were returned. HCPs included attending staff, residents, and advanced care providers from a variety of specialties. Significant differences in perception were found in traumatic brain injury, spine fractures, and rib fractures, with HCPs rating most findings as less clinically important than the general population, while rating patient notification as more important. Perceived importance decreased with increased age in the general population. Increasing HCP age or length in practice did not significantly affect perception of clinical importance, except for rib fractures. Discussion Differences in perception exist regarding the significance of additional injuries between HCPs and the general population. Perceptions of the general population also change with age. Decisions to pursue additional imaging in trauma patients should include consideration of these differences in perception to help support quality patient-centered care.
Effect of inulin-type fructans and galactooligosaccharides on cultures of Lactobacillus strains isolated in Algeria from camel’s milk and human colostrum
Authors: Derriche Ibtissem , Nogacka Alicja M , Salazar Nuria , Ruas-Madiedo Patricia , Gueimonde M , Bensalah Farid , de los Reyes-Gavilán Clara G 
Published: July 2020

Bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus are responsible for spontaneous food fermentations. Some species, such as Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus brevis, have the “Qualified Presumption of Safety” status recognized by the European Food Safety Authority. Several of their strains are used as probiotics in foods and sometimes are included in synbiotic combinations together with prebiotics. New microbial strains isolated from different sources represent an opportunity to use them for the production of traditional food products. The capacity of three selected strains (one isolated from Camel’s milk and identified by partial 16 S rRNA gene sequencing as L. brevis, and two isolated from human colostrum and identified as L. paracasei/L. casei and L. brevis, respectively) was assessed in vitro for the ability to survive in gastrointestinal conditions (low pH and high bile salts concentrations). We also tested the capacity of growth and the production of organic acids and volatile compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, respectively, when these bacteria were incubated anaerobically in the presence of inulin, fructooligosaccharides, or galactooligosaccharides as the main carbon sources. The strains were able to survive in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and to grow in inulin, fructooligosaccharides, and galactooligosaccharides. However, they displayed different profiles of organic acids and volatile compounds, mainly depending on the microbial species and the prebiotic used. The influence that the combined use of strains and different prebiotics could exert on the organic acids and volatiles formed in food and in the gut should be assessed for each synbiotic combination and food product.
Peripapillary capillary density in acute angle closure crisis and angle closure suspect: A structure, flow and function correlation study
Authors: Allam Riham SHM , Eltanamly Rasha Mounir , Raafat Karim Adly 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: to describe peripapillary vascular changes using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) in patients with acute angle closure crisis (AACC) and primary-angle closure-suspects (PACS) in comparison to normal controls. Methods: This cross-sectional/case-control/non-randomized study was conducted at Cairo University Hospitals. It included 21 eyes following AACC, 21 eyes of PACS and 32 eyes of age-matched-controls. Participants underwent visual field (VF) examination, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) assessment using spectral-domain-OCT (SD-OCT), and radial peripapillary capillary density (RPC%) using OCT-A. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in MD and PSD among the three groups ( p ⩽ 0.001). There was a significant difference in mean RNFL among the three groups ( p ⩽ 0.001), this decrease was still present when comparing the AACC group to controls p = 0.032. There was a significant decrease in the peripapillary RPC% in all groups p ⩽ 0.001. The correlation between structure, function and flow was studied for all groups. Peripapillary RPC% in AACC was positively correlated to MD and peripapillary RNFL ( p ⩽ 0.001). In PACS, RPC% was positively correlated to RNFL ( p = 0.012). In controls, RPC% was positively correlated to PSD and peripapillary RNFL ( p ⩽ 0.001). AUC was 0.8 for the MD, 0.56 for the RPC and 0.38 for the RNFL Conclusions: Peripapillary vessel density was lower in AACC eyes than in suspects and control eyes. OCT-A parameters could be a more sensitive marker than OCT parameters after an AACC attack as evident on ROC analysis. PACS remains a clinical diagnosis as we could not find any significant differences in OCT or OCT-A parameters between suspects and normal healthy controls.
Urethral catheter trapped in the ureter removed using holmium laser: An unusual case and review of the literature
Authors: Sturgess George , Gill Jonathan 
Published: July 2020

Inadvertent placement of a urethral catheter into the ureter is a rare but documented complication of catheterisation. Management becomes more challenging when the catheter cannot be removed using conservative techniques. We present the case of an 85-year-old male with a history of bladder cancer treated with intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) therapy who was found to have a urethral catheter stuck in his left ureter on computerized tomography scan after a routine catheter change. The catheter balloon was punctured using ureteroscopy and Holmium laser. Our literature review identified five other cases where a misguided urethral catheter required surgical intervention for removal from the ureter and the different techniques used are discussed. Risk factors appear to be pregnancy and structural changes to the bladder resulting in widened ureteric orifices including BCG therapy. We suggest that laser puncture of an inflated catheter balloon is a safe and effective method for facilitating removal. Level of evidence: 4
Blood platelet RNA enables the detection of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sol Nik , Leurs Cyra E , Veld Sjors GJG In ’t , Strijbis Eva M , Vancura Adrienne , Schweiger Markus W , Teunissen Charlotte E , Mateen Farrah J , Tannous Bakhos A , Best Myron G , Würdinger Thomas , Killestein Joep 
Published: July 2020

Background In multiple sclerosis (MS), clinical assessment, MRI and cerebrospinal fluid are important in the diagnostic process. However, no blood biomarker has been confirmed as a useful tool in the diagnostic work-up. Objectives Blood platelets contain a rich spliced mRNA repertoire that can alter during megakaryocyte development but also during platelet formation and platelet circulation. In this proof of concept study, we evaluate the diagnostic potential of spliced blood platelet RNA for the detection of MS. Methods We isolated and sequenced platelet RNA of blood samples obtained from 57 MS patients and 66 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs). 60% was used to develop a particle swarm-optimized (PSO) support vector machine classification algorithm. The remaining 40% served as an independent validation series. Results In total, 1249 RNAs with differential spliced junction expression levels were identified between platelets of MS patients as compared to HCs, including EPSTI1, IFI6, and RPS6KA3, in line with reported inflammatory signatures in the blood of MS patients. The RNAs were subsequently used as input for a MS classifier, capable of detecting MS with 80% accuracy in the independent validation series. Conclusions Spliced platelet RNA may enable the blood-based diagnosis of MS, warranting large-scale validation.
Posteromedial versus direct posterior approach for posterior cruciate ligament avulsion – A comparative study
Authors: Prakash Jatin , Jaiman Ashish , Chopra Rajesh Kumar 
Published: July 2020

Background/Purpose: Open reduction of acute avulsion of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) fragment may be achieved through direct posterior approach or posteromedial approach. The aim of our study was to compare these two techniques for fixation of avulsed PCL fragment. Our primary study objective was to study that which of the above techniques provides a better screw placement on post-operative radiographs. The secondary objectives were to study any statistically significant differences in surgical time, blood loss, incidence of neurovascular injury, bone union and functional knee scores in the above two techniques. Materials and methods: This is a prospective, comparative, interventional, single tertiary referral centre-based study from November 2014 to May 2019. Patients in the direct posterior group were treated with the approach described by Abbott and Carpenter, and patients in the posteromedial group were treated with the approach described by Burks and Schaffer. Screw placement was assessed on anteroposterior (AP) and lateral knee X-rays. Blood loss was studied using haemoglobin balance method. Functional scores were recorded preoperatively and at 1-year follow up using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) knee scores. Results: The posterior group showed better screw placement angle compared to the posteromedial group. In the AP plane, the mean angle of screw placement and fracture line was 83° compared to 59° in the posteromedial group. Average fracture union time, post-operative range of motion and post-operative WOMAC scores were not statistically different in both groups. There were no cases of neurovascular complication, deep vein thrombosis and superficial or deep surgical site infection in any group. Conclusion: Direct posterior approach to PCL avulsion provides better screw placement angle compared to the posteromedial approach, which might result in better interfragmentary compression at the avulsion site. However, the two approaches did not differ statistically in terms of functional scores of patients reported at 1 year.
Postdischarge venous thromboembolism following hospital admission with COVID-19
Authors: Roberts Lara N. , Whyte Martin B. , Georgiou Loizos , Giron Gerard , Czuprynska Julia , Rea Catherine , Vadher Bipin , Patel Raj K. , Gee Emma , Arya Roopen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The association of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has resulted in specific guidelines for its prevention and management. The VTE risk appears highest in those with critical care admission. The need for postdischarge thromboprophylaxis remains controversial, which is reflected in conflicting expert guideline recommendations. Our local protocol provides thromboprophylaxis to COVID-19 patients during admission only. We report postdischarge VTE data from an ongoing quality improvement program incorporating root-cause analysis of hospital-associated VTE (HA-VTE). Following 1877 hospital discharges associated with COVID-19, 9 episodes of HA-VTE were diagnosed within 42 days, giving a postdischarge rate of 4.8 per 1000 discharges. Over 2019, following 18 159 discharges associated with a medical admission; there were 56 episodes of HA-VTE within 42 days (3.1 per 1000 discharges). The odds ratio for postdischarge HA-VTE associated with COVID-19 compared with 2019 was 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.77-3.1). COVID-19 hospitalization does not appear to increase the risk of postdischarge HA-VTE compared with hospitalization with other acute medical illness. Given that the risk-benefit ratio of postdischarge thromboprophylaxis remains uncertain, randomized controlled trials to evaluate the role of continuing thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 patients following hospital discharge are required.
Scion genotypes exert long distance control over rootstock transcriptome responses to low phosphate in grafted grapevine
Authors: Gautier Antoine T. , Cochetel Noé , Merlin Isabelle , Hevin Cyril , Lauvergeat Virginie , Vivin Philippe , Mollier Alain , Ollat Nathalie , Cookson Sarah J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundGrafting is widely used in horticulture and rootstocks are known to modify scion growth and adaptation to soil conditions. However, the role of scion genotype in regulating rootstock development and functioning has remained largely unexplored. In this study, reciprocal grafts of two grapevine genotypes were produced as well as the corresponding homo-graft controls. These plants were subjected to a low phosphate (LP) treatment and transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing was done on root samples collected 27 h after the onset of the LP treatment.ResultsA set of transcripts responsive to the LP treatment in all scion/rootstock combinations was identified. Gene expression patterns associated with genetic variation in response to LP were identified by comparing the response of the two homo-grafts. In addition, the scion was shown to modify root transcriptome responses to LP in a rootstock dependent manner. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified modules of correlated genes; the analysis of the association of these modules with the phosphate treatment, and the scion and rootstock genotype identified potential hub genes.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into the response of grafted grapevine to phosphate supply and identifies potential shoot-to-root signals that could vary between different grapevine genotypes.