bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular structure and evolution mechanism of two populations of double minutes in human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Jia Xueyuan , Guan Rongwei , Cui Xiaobo , Zhu Jing , Liu Peng , Zhang Ling , Wang Dong , Zhang Yang , Dong Kexian , Wu Jie , Ji Wei , Ji Guohua , Bai Jing , Yu Jingcui , Yu Yang , Sun Wenjing , Zhang Feng , Fu Songbin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGene amplification chiefly manifests as homogeneously stained regions (HSRs) or double minutes (DMs) in cytogenetically and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in molecular genetics. Evidence suggests that gene amplification is becoming a hotspot for cancer research, which may be a new treatment strategy for cancer. DMs usually carry oncogenes or chemoresistant genes that are associated with cancer progression, occurrence and prognosis. Defining the molecular structure of DMs will facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis. In this study, we re‐identified the origin and integral sequence of DMs in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line NCI‐H716 by genetic mapping and sequencing strategy, employing high‐resolution array‐based comparative genomic hybridization, high‐throughput sequencing, multiplex‐fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromosome walking techniques. We identified two distinct populations of DMs in NCI‐H716, confirming their heterogeneity in cancer cells, and managed to construct their molecular structure, which were not investigated before. Research evidence of amplicons distribution in two different populations of DMs suggested that a multi‐step evolutionary model could fit the module of DM genesis better in NCI‐H716 cell line. In conclusion, our data implicated that DMs play a very important role in cancer progression and further investigation is necessary to uncover the role of the DMs.
Exploring the experiences of siblings of adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Redquest B. K. , Tint A. , Ries H. , Lunsky Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused many adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDD) to lose their daily routines and social support, and as a result, many adults with IDD are increasingly reliant on their family caregivers. Siblings often play a crucial support role for their brothers and sisters with IDD. As such, this study aimed to describe the experiences of adult siblings of people with IDD during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThe Sibling Collaborative worked with researchers to codesign an online survey, completed by 91 people, exploring sibling supports and concerns during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The survey also aimed to identify helpful resources for siblings during this time.ResultsThe results showed that the majority of siblings are supporting their brother or sister with IDD during the COVID‐19 pandemic and are concerned about the health and well‐being of their brother/sister. The most common concern related to disruption of their brother's or sister's routine and activities. Although responses of older and younger siblings did not differ from each other, siblings whose brother or sister with IDD lived with family had some unique concerns relative to those whose siblings no longer lived with family. Siblings described how their own self‐care and relationships with others, as well as support for their brother/sister, were particularly helpful during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsSiblings are providing key support to their brother or sister with IDD during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and they too must be supported. Siblings should be included in efforts to disseminate resources targeting people with IDD and their feedback and input must be obtained. It is also important to include sibling mental wellness as caregiver supports are created and implemented. More research is needed to further understand how to support sibling caregivers.
Comparison between a flash glucose monitoring system and a portable blood glucose meter for monitoring dogs with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Del Baldo Francesca , Canton Claudia , Testa Silvia , Swales Harry , Drudi Ignazio , Golinelli Stefania , Fracassi Federico 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundFlash glucose monitoring system (FGMS; FreeStyle Libre) was recently validated for use in diabetic dogs (DD). It is not known if this system is clinically useful in monitoring DD.ObjectiveTo compare the clinical utility of FGMS against blood glucose curves (BGCs) obtained with a portable blood glucose meter (PBGM) in monitoring DD.AnimalsTwenty dogs with diabetes mellitus.MethodsProspective study. Dogs with diabetes mellitus on insulin treatment for at least 1 month were included. Comparisons of insulin dose recommendations based on the in‐hospital GCs acquired using FGMS and a PBGM, consecutive‐day interstitial GCs (IGCs) acquired at home using the FGMS, and consecutive‐day, home vs hospital IGCs acquired using the FGMS were made using concordance analysis.ResultsThere was good concordance between insulin dose recommendations based on FGMS and PBGM generated GCs and IGCs obtained in the 2 different environments on 2 consecutive days, but almost absent concordance between IGCs obtained on 2 consecutive days at home. Glucose nadirs were detected in 34/43 (79%) of Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP) reports of the FGMS. In comparison, concordant glucose nadirs were identified in 14/34 (41%) BGCs using PBGM. The individual FGMS scans and PBGM identified 60% and 9% of low IG/hypoglycemic episodes, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceInsulin dose adjustments based on BGCs can be suboptimal. The FGMS allows a more accurate identification of the glucose nadirs and hypoglycemic episodes compared to the use of a PBGM and assessment of day‐to‐day variations in glycemic control.
GmLCLs negatively regulate ABA perception and signalling genes in soybean leaf dehydration response
Authors: Yuan Li , Xie Grace Z. , Zhang Siyuan , Li Baozhu , Wang Xianglong , Li Yu , Liu Tao , Xu Xiaodong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe circadian clock allows plants to actively adapt to daily environmental changes through temporal regulation of physiological traits. In response to drought stress, circadian oscillators gate ABA signalling, but the molecular mechanisms remain unknown, especially in crops. Here, we investigated the role of soybean circadian oscillators GmLCLa1, GmLCLa2, GmLCLb1 and GmLCLb2 in leaf water stress response. Under dehydration stress, the GmLCL quadruple mutant had decreased leaf water loss. We found that the dehydration treatment delayed the peak expression of GmLCL genes by 4 hr. In addition, the circadian clock in hairy roots also responded to ABA, which led to a free‐running rhythm with shortened period. Importantly, in the gmlclq quadruple mutant, diurnal expression phases of several circadian‐regulated ABA receptor, ABA catabolism and ABA signalling‐related genes were shifted significantly to daytime. Moreover, in the gmlclq mutant leaf, expression of GmPYL17, GmCYP707A, GmABI2 and GmSnRK2s was increased under water dehydration stress. In summary, our results show that GmLCLs act as negative regulators of ABA signalling in leaves during dehydration response.
Transient activation of tumoral DNA damage tolerance pathway coupled with immune checkpoint blockade exerts durable tumor regression in mouse melanoma
Authors: Zhuo Ming , Gorgun Falih M. , Tyler Douglas S. , Englander Ella W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMajor advances in cancer therapy rely on engagement of the patient’s immune system and suppression of mechanisms that impede the antitumor immune response. Among the most notable is immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy that releases immune cells from suppression. Although ICB has had significant success particularly in melanoma, it eradicates tumors in subsets of patients and sequencing data across different cancers suggest that tumors with high mutational loads are more likely to respond to ICB. This is consistent with the premise that greater tumoral mutational loads contribute to formation of neoantigens that spur the body’s antitumor immune response. Prompted by strong evidence supporting the therapeutic benefits of neoantigens in the context of ICB, we have developed a mouse melanoma combination treatment, where intratumoral administration of DNA‐damaging drug transiently activates intrinsic mutagenic DNA damage tolerance pathway and improves success rates of ICB. Using the YUMM1.7 cells melanoma model, we demonstrate that intratumoral delivery of cisplatin activates translesion synthesis DNA polymerases‐catalyzed DNA synthesis on damaged DNA, which when coupled with ICB regimen, elicits durable tumor regression. We expect that this new combination protocol affords insights with clinical relevance that will help expand the range of patients who benefit from ICB therapy.
Autologous thrombin preparations: Biocompatibility and growth factor release
Authors: Matuska Andrea M. , Klimovich Marina L. , Anz Adam W. , Podesta Luga , Chapman John R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been investigated to promote wound healing in a variety of tissues. Thrombin, another essential component of wound healing, is sometimes combined with PRP to generate a fibrin clot in order to retain the sample at the delivery site and to stimulate growth factor release. Using a fully autologous approach, autologous serum (AS) with thrombin activity can be prepared using a one‐step procedure by supplementing with ethanol (E+AS) to prolong room temperature stability or prepared ethanol free (E−AS) by utilizing a two‐step procedure to prolong stability. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential wound healing mechanisms of these two preparations using commercially available devices. A variety of tests were conducted to assess biocompatibility and growth factor release from PRP at various ratios. It was found that E−AS contained greater leukocyte viability in the product (97.1 ± 2.0% compared to 41.8 ± 11.5%), supported greater bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation (3.7× vs 0.8× at a 1:4 ratio and 3.6× vs 1.6× at a 1:10 ratio), and stimulated release of growth factors and cytokines from PRP to a greater extent than E+AS. Of the 36 growth factors and cytokines evaluated, release of 27 of them were significantly reduced by the presence of ethanol in at least one of the tested configurations. It is concluded that the high concentrations of ethanol needed to stabilize point of care autologous thrombin preparations could be detrimental to normal wound healing processes.
Material Strength: A Rational Nonequilibrium Energy Model for Complex Loadings
Authors: Wang Biao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The failure of materials with some sort of loading is a well-known natural phenomenon, and the reliable prediction of the failure of materials is the most important issue for many different kinds of engineering materials based on safety considerations. Classical strength theories with complex loadings are based on some sort of postulations or assumptions, and they are intrinsically empirical criteria. Due to their simplicity, classical strength theories are still widely used in engineering, and they are very easy to incorporate into any finite element code. Recently, a new methodology was proposed by the author. Instead of establishing empirical models, the material failure process was modeled as a nonequilibrium process. Then, the strength criterion was established with the rational stability analysis for the failure process. In this study, the author tried to use this idea to develop a rational thermodynamic strength theory and to make the theory easy to use in engineering, similar to the classical strength criteria. It was found that the predictions of the rational energy strength theory were very reasonable compared to the experimental data even if no postulation was taken. Through the analysis, it seemed that the strength problem could be efficiently tackled using the rational nonequilibrium energy model instead of using some sort of empirical assumptions or models.
Eye bank versus surgeon prepared DMEK tissues: influence on adhesion and re-bubbling rate
Authors: Romano Vito , Kazaili Ahmed , Pagano Luca , Gadhvi Kunal Ajit , Titley Mitchell , Steger Bernhard , Fernández-Vega-Cueto Luis , Meana Alvaro , Merayo-Lloves Jesus , Diego Ponzin , Akhtar Riaz , Levis Hannah J , Ferrari Stefano , Kaye Stephen B , Parekh Mohit 
Published: October 2020

AimTo investigate the difference in adhesion and rebubbling rate between eye bank and surgeon prepared Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) tissues.MethodsLaboratory and clinical retrospective comparative interventional case series. Research corneal tissues were obtained for laboratory investigation. The clinical study involved patients with endothelial dysfunction who underwent DMEK surgery and tamponade with air. Tissues were stripped using a standard DMEK stripping technique (SCUBA) and shipped as prestripped or loaded in a 2.2 intra-ocular lens cartridge with endothelium facing inwards (preloaded) before transporting from the eye bank to the surgeon. For surgeon prepared tissues, all the grafts were stripped in the theatre and transplanted or stripped in the laboratory and tested immediately. Adhesion force and elastic modulus were measured in the centre and mid-periphery in a laboratory ex vivo investigation using atomic force microscopy, while rebubbling rates were recorded in the clinical study.ResultsThere was no difference in endothelial cell viability between surgeon or eye bank prepared tissue. Surgeon-stripped DMEK grafts in the laboratory investigation showed significantly higher elastic modulus and adhesion force compared to prestripped and preloaded tissues (p<0.0001). In the clinical data, rebubbling rates of 48%, 40% and 15% were observed in preloaded, prestripped and surgeon-stripped DMEK grafts, respectively. Rebubbling rates were significantly associated with combined cataract surgery (p=0.009) and with time from harvesting the graft to the surgery (p=0.02).ConclusionsDecreased adhesion forces and elastic modulus in eye bank prepared tissues may contribute to increased rebubbling rates.
Inner retinal thickening affects microperimetry thresholds in the presence of photoreceptor thinning in patients with RPGR retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Jolly Jasleen Kaur , Menghini Moreno , Johal Piers A , Buckley Thomas M W , Bridge Holly , Maclaren Robert E 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundLoss of photoreceptors cause degeneration in areas of the retina beyond the photoreceptors. The pattern of changes has implications for disease monitoring and measurement of functional changes. The aim of the study was to study the changes in inner retinal structure associated with photoreceptor disease, and the impact of these on microperimetry threshold.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and microperimetry tests collected between 2013 and 2019. 22 eyes with RPGR retinitis pigmentosa completed both OCT imaging and microperimetry assessment. 18 control eyes underwent OCT imaging. Photoreceptor layer and inner retinal thickness calculated for different eccentric areas were obtained. The relationship between the photoreceptor layer and inner retinal thickness, and microperimetry threshold was explored.ResultsCentral 1° photoreceptor layer and inner retinal thickness were 96±34 and 139±75 μm in RPGR patients, and 139±15 and 62±14 μm in controls. Photoreceptor layer thickness differed between patient and control groups across increasing visual field areas (p<0.01, Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA), whereas the inner retinal thickness significantly differed between groups for the central 1° and 3° only. Microperimetry thresholds were explained by a combination of photoreceptor thickness (coefficient 0.15, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.18) and inner retinal thickness (coefficient 0.05, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.06).ConclusionOCT shows evidence of remodelling in the inner retinal layers secondary to photoreceptor disease. This appears to have an impact on microperimetry threshold measurements.
Exploring the factors motivating continued Lay First Responder participation in Uganda: a mixed-methods, 3-year follow-up
Authors: Delaney Peter G , Eisner Zachary J , Blackwell T Scott , Ssekalo Ibrahim , Kazungu Rauben , Lee Yang Jae , Scott John W , Raghavendran Krishnan 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe WHO recommends training lay first responders (LFRs) as the first step towards establishing emergency medical services (EMS) in low-income and middle-income countries. Understanding social and financial benefits associated with responder involvement is essential for LFR programme continuity and may inform sustainable development.MethodsA mixed-methods follow-up study was conducted in July 2019 with 239 motorcycle taxi drivers, including 115 (75%) of 154 initial participants in a Ugandan LFR course from July 2016, to evaluate LFR training on participants. Semi-structured interviews and surveys were administered to samples of initial participants to assess social and economic implications of training, and non-trained motorcycle taxi drivers to gauge interest in LFR training. Themes were determined on a per-question basis and coded by extracting keywords from each response until thematic saturation was achieved.ResultsThree years post-course, initial participants reported new knowledge and skills, the ability to help others, and confidence gain as the main benefits motivating continued programme involvement. Participant outlook was unanimously positive and 96.5% (111/115) of initial participants surveyed used skills since training. Many reported sensing an identity change, now identifying as first responders in addition to motorcycle taxi drivers. Drivers reported they believe this led to greater respect from the Ugandan public and a prevailing belief that they are responsible transportation providers, increasing subsequent customer acquisition. Motorcycle taxi drivers who participated in the course reported a median weekly income value that is 24.39% higher than non-trained motorcycle taxi counterparts (p<0.0001).ConclusionsA simultaneous delivery of sustained social and perceived financial benefits to LFRs are likely to motivate continued voluntary participation. These benefits appear to be a potential mechanism that may be leveraged to contribute to the sustainability of future LFR programmes to deliver basic prehospital emergency care in resource-limited settings.
The progress of type II persisters of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to a non-culturable state during prolonged exposure to antibiotic stress with revival being aided through acid-shock treatment and provision of methyl pyruvate
Authors: Chen Heather , Green Andrew , Martz Kailey , Wu Xueyang , Alzahrani Abdulhakeem , Warriner Keith 
Published: October 2020

Persisters are a form of dormancy in bacteria that provide temporary resistance to antibiotics. The following reports on the formation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 E318 type II persisters from a protracted (8 days) challenge with ampicillin. Escherichia coli O157:H7 followed a multiphasic die-off pattern with an initial rapid decline (Phase I) of susceptible cells that transitioned to a slower rate representing tolerant cells (Phase II). After 24 h post-antibiotic challenge, the E. coli O157:H7 levels remained relatively constant at 2 log CFU/mL (Phase III), but became non-culturable within 8-days (Phase IV). The revival of persisters in Phase III could be achieved by the removal of antibiotic stress, although those in Phase IV required an extended incubation period or application of acid-shock. The carbon utilization profile of persister cells was less diverse compared with non-persisters, with only methyl pyruvate being utilized from the range tested. Inclusion of methyl pyruvate in tryptic soy agar revived non-cultural persisters, presumably by stimulating metabolism. The results suggest that persisters could be subdivided into culturable or non-culturable cells, with the former representing a transition state to the latter. The study provided insights into how to revive cells from dormancy to aid enumeration and control.
Spectrum of fully-heavy tetraquarks from a diquark+antidiquark perspective
Authors: Bedolla M. A. , Ferretti J. , Roberts C. D. , Santopinto E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing a relativized diquark model Hamiltonian, we calculate the masses of $$J^{PC}=0^{++}$$

J

PC

=

0

+
+

ground-state tetraquarks in the following systems: $$b s {\bar{b}} {\bar{s}}$$

b
s

b

¯

s

¯

, $$bb {\bar{n}} {\bar{n}}$$

b
b

n

¯

n

¯

($$n=u, d$$

n
=
u
,
d

), $$bb {\bar{s}} {\bar{s}}$$

b
b

s

¯

s

¯

, $$cc{\bar{c}} {\bar{c}}$$

c
c

c

¯

c

¯

, $$b b {\bar{b}} {\bar{b}}$$

b
b

b

¯

b

¯

, $$b c{\bar{b}} {\bar{c}}$$

b
c

b

¯

c

¯

and $$b b {\bar{c}} {\bar{c}}$$

b
b

c

¯

c

¯

. We also compute extensive spectra for the fully-heavy quark flavour combinations. Finally, as a test of the diquark model approach, we compute the masses of fully-heavy baryons in the diquark model. Our results may be compared soon to the forthcoming experimental data for fully-heavy three-quark systems.
Gravitational wave spectra from strongly supercooled phase transitions
Authors: Lewicki Marek , Vaskonen Ville 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study gravitational wave (GW) production in strongly supercooled cosmological phase transitions, taking particular care of models featuring a complex scalar field with a U(1) symmetric potential. We perform lattice simulations of two-bubble collisions to properly model the scalar field gradients, and compute the GW spectrum sourced by them using the thin-wall approximation in many-bubble simulations. We find that in the U(1) symmetric case the low-frequency spectrum is $$\propto \omega $$

∝
ω

whereas for a real scalar field it is $$\propto \omega ^3$$

∝

ω
3

. In both cases the spectrum decays as $$\omega ^{-2}$$

ω

-
2

at high frequencies.
Casimir force induced by electromagnetic wave polarization in Kerr, Gödel and Bianchi–I spacetimes
Authors: Asenjo Felipe A. , Hojman Sergio A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectromagnetic waves propagation on either rotating or anisotropic spacetime backgrounds (such as Kerr and Gödel metrics, or Bianchi–I metric) produce a reduction of the magnitude of Casimir forces between plates. These curved spacetimes behave as chiral or birefringent materials producing dispersion of electromagnetic waves, in such a way that right– and left–circularly polarized light waves propagate with different phase velocities. Results are explicitly calculated for discussed cases. The difference on the wavevectors of the two polarized electromagnetic waves produces an abatement of a Casimir force which depends on the interaction between the polarization of electromagnetic waves and the properties of the spacetime.
The Edradour Field, Block 206/4a, UK Atlantic Margin
Authors: Clark J. , Mazzuchelli D. , Rowlands M. , Jebara N. , Parry C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The Edradour Field, located in Licence P1453 on Block 206/4a of the Faroe–Shetland Basin, was put on production in August 2017. It lies
c.
50 km NW of the Shetland Islands in a water depth of
c.
300 m, and consists of one subsea well that produces gas condensate from the Albian Black Sail Member of the Commodore Formation. It is part of a joint development scheme along with the Glenlivet Field that sees the commingled multiphase production transported to the Shetland Gas Plant via tieback to the pre-existing Laggan–Tormore flowlines. The Edradour single well development has reserves of 21 MMboe from a gas initially-in-place of 142 bcf. It is operated by Total E&P UK Ltd under the P1453 licence with Ineos E&P (UK) Ltd and SSE E&P UK Ltd as partners.