bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic characteristics of youth in a trauma focused‐cognitive behavioral therapy effectiveness trial in the city of Philadelphia
Authors: Last Briana S. , Rudd Brittany N. , Gregor Courtney A. , Kratz Hilary E. , Jackson Kamilah , Berkowitz Steven , Zinny Arturo , Cliggitt Lauren P. , Adams Danielle R. , Walsh Lucia M. , Beidas Rinad S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile randomized controlled trials of trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‐CBT) have demonstrated efficacy for youth with posttraumatic stress disorder, TF‐CBT effectiveness trials typically show attenuated outcomes. This decrease in effectiveness may be due to the differences in sociodemographic characteristics of youth in these trials; youth in efficacy trials are more often white and middle‐income, whereas youth in effectiveness trials are more often racial/ethnic minorities, of low socioeconomic status (SES) and live in high crime neighborhoods. In this study—drawn from an effectiveness trial of TF‐CBT in community mental health clinics across Philadelphia—we describe the sociodemographic characteristics of enrolled youth. We measured neighborhood SES by matching participants’ addresses to American Community Survey data from their Census tracts, housing stability using the National Outcomes Measurement System, and neighborhood violence using police department crime statistics. Our results suggest that the majority of youth presenting for TF‐CBT in mental health clinics in the City of Philadelphia live in poor and high‐crime neighborhoods, experience substantial housing instability, and are predominantly ethnic and racial minorities. Thus, youth presenting for treatment experience significant racial and socioeconomic adversity. We also explored the association between these characteristics and youth symptom severity upon presenting for treatment. These factors were not associated with youth symptom severity or overall mental health functioning in our sample (with small effect sizes and p > .05 for all). Implications for future research, such as the need for efficacy and effectiveness trials to more fully characterize their samples and the need for pragmatic trials are discussed.
Micro‐shear bond strength of adhesives with different degrees of acidity: Effect on sound and artificially hypermineralized dentin
Authors: Neves Tamíris da Costa , Presoto Cristina Dupim , Wajngarten Danielle , Campos Edson Alves 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study evaluates the bond strength of four self‐etching adhesive systems with different acidity levels in normal and artificially hypermineralized dentin substrate. Healthy human molars were divided into groups: normal dentin—N (n = 36) and artificially hypermineralized dentin—H (n = 36). Self‐etching adhesive systems Clearfil S3 Bond (n = 9), Optibond All in One (n = 9), Clearfil SE Bond (n = 9), and Adhese (n = 9) were used for both the N and H groups. Transparent cylindrical matrices were positioned on the treated dentin surfaces, filled with composite resin, and light‐cured for 40 s. After the transparent cylindrical matrices were removed, the specimens were stored for 24 hr in a humid environment at 37°C and were subjected to a micro‐shear bond strength test. For each group, a specimen was prepared and evaluated in scanning electron microscope for adhesive interface observation. Normality was confirmed and the two‐way analysis of variance and Games–Howell post‐tests were conducted (α = .05). The data demonstrated an interaction between the adhesive system and type of dentin substrate (p < .01). For normal dentin, all adhesive systems assessed were adequate; however, in the hypermineralized dentin, the Clearfil SE Bond two‐step self‐etching adhesive system with mild pH presented the highest immediate bond strength. There was a predominance of adhesive failures for all adhesive systems in the different dentin substrates evaluated. It was concluded that the self‐etching adhesive systems evaluated were efficient for both substrates, and for the hypermineralized dentin, the Clearfil SE Bond presented a higher bond strength value.
Timing, magnitude and geochemistry of major Southeast Asian volcanic eruptions: identifying tephrochronologic markers
Authors: De Maisonneuve Caroline Bouvet , Bergal‐Kuvikas Olga 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTWe review the current knowledge about Southeast Asian volcanoes and their eruption histories, and focus on identifying tephrochronologic markers representing major explosive eruptions in order to further future palaeoclimate and volcanological studies. Forty‐one volcanic edifices in Southeast Asia have been classified as large calderas by Whelleyet al. (2015) and thus have, or are likely to have, produced large explosive eruptions with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6–8. Unfortunately, only 20 such eruptions have known ages, spanning from 1.2 Ma to 1991ad, and fewer have geochemical data that can be used for tephrostratigraphic correlations. Volcanic products from different geodynamic regions and different sources can generally be distinguished on major element plots (e.g. K2O versus CaO) of matrix glass composition. However, the distinction of multiple eruptions from the same source often requires additional data such as trace element compositions of matrix glass and/or mineral compositions. Biotite, but also magnetite compositions (MgO and TiO2content in particular) appear to be very discriminating. Up to nine tuffs in addition to the three to four Toba tuffs can be utilised as widespread tephrochronologic markers and span a range from 1.2 to 1.6 Ma to recent. As only a few Holocene major eruptions have been well characterised and dated, many large calderas are still unstudied, and many distal tephra layers are still lacking a source, more tephrochronologic markers can certainly be defined in the future.
Mechanisms of decision‐making in preoperative assessment for older adult prostate cancer patients—A qualitative study
Authors: Kierkegaard Patrick , Vale Mira D. , Garrison Spencer , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Hollingsworth John M. , Owen‐Smith Jason 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLittle research exists which investigates the contextual factors and hidden influences that inform surgeons and surgical teams decision‐making in preoperative assessment when deciding whether to or not to operate on older adult prostate cancer patients living with aging‐associated functional declines and illnesses. The aim of this study is to identify and examine the underlying mechanisms that uniquely shape preoperative surgical decision‐making strategies concerning older adult prostate cancer patients.MethodsQualitative methodologies were used that paired ethnographic field observations with semistructured interviews for data collection. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used to identify, analyze, and describe patterns in the data.ResultsFactors underlining surgical decision‐making originated from the context of two categories: (1) clinical and surgery‐specific factors; and (2) non‐patient factors. Thematic subcategories included personal experiences, methods of assessment during medical encounters, anticipation of outcomes, perceptions of preoperative assessment instruments for frailty and multimorbidity, routines and workflow patterns, microcultures, and indirect observation and second‐hand knowledge.ConclusionSurgeon's personal experiences has a significant impact on the decision‐making processes during preoperative assessments. However, non‐patient factors such as institutional microcultures passively and actively influence decision‐making process during preoperative assessment.
Theoretical investigation of the formic acid decomposition kinetics
Authors: Machado Gladson de Souza , Martins Eduardo Monteiro , Baptista Leonardo , Bauerfeldt Glauco Favilla 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDecomposition of formic acid (HCO2H) proceeds via three unimolecular channels: dehydration, decarboxylation, and dissociation, the latter expected to be of minor contribution to the overall kinetics. In addition, despite the similar values reported for the individual activation energies for the dehydration and decarboxylation reactions, experimental works have shown that the former is dominant in the reaction mechanism. These reactions show pressure‐dependent rate coefficients, and the high‐pressure condition is not yet verified at atmospheric pressure. This work aims to investigate the influence of temperature and pressure on the rate coefficients. Hence, theoretical calculations at the CCSD(T)/CBS level have been performed to accurately describe the unimolecular reaction and Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Marcus (RRKM) rate coefficients have been calculated and integrated for the prediction of k(T,P) rate coefficients, adopting both strong and weak collision models, over the intervals 0.5‐10 atm and 298‐2200 K. Our results suggest that the isomerization path is important and explains the preference for the (CO + H2O) channel. Rate coefficients for the (CO2 + H2) and (CO + H2O) formations are given, in s−1, as exp(−34404/T) and exp(−33785/T), respectively. The dissociation limit of 107.29 kcal mol–1, with respect the Z‐HCO2H conformer, leading to OH + HCO, via a barrierless potential curve, with rate coefficients, in s−1, expressed as kHCO+OH(T) = 1.68 × 1017 exp(−56018/T). Temperature and pressure dependence for the HCO + OH → CO2 + H2 and HCO + OH → CO + H2O reactions have also been estimated.
A new analysis approach for long‐term variations of forest loss, fragmentation, and degradation resulting from road‐network expansion using Landsat time‐series and object‐based image analysis
Authors: Shirvani Zeinab , Abdi Omid , Buchroithner Manfred F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite facilitating transport by low‐volume roads for multiple purposes, these roads also open corridors to the remote pristine forests and accelerate forest dynamics with deleterious consequences to the forest functionalities and indigenous inhabitants. We assessed the spatial variations of Hyrcanian forest loss, fragmentation, and degradation resulting from the expansion of rural, logging, and mine roads between 1966 and 2016 in northeast Iran. Various data were employed to generate a precise road network; the density of road segments was weighted on the basis of their carrying capacity during 1966–1986, 1986–2000, and 2000–2016. Three dimensions of forest changes were retrieved using the Landsat time‐series and object‐based image analysis. The spatial patterns of high rates of forest changes were clustered using spatial autocorrelation indicators. The spatial regression models were carried out to explore relationships between forest change and road expansion. The results showed that rural roads were upgraded but forest and mine roads remarkably expanded in recent decades. The spatial variations of forest‐dynamic patterns have been changing from forest loss (1966–2000) to forest fragmentation and degradation (1986–2016). The high density of rural roads was significant on the high rates of forest loss and fragmentation during 1966–2000, and the expansion of forest and mine roads significantly intensified the rates of fragmentation and degradation during 1986–2016. Our findings suggest for mitigating destructive schemes over Hyrcanian forests, developing either protected areas or joining unprotected forests to the reserved areas should be prioritized.
Recent Progress in 2D Material‐Based Saturable Absorbers for All Solid‐State Pulsed Bulk Lasers
Authors: Zhang Baitao , Liu Jun , Wang Cong , Yang Kejian , Lee Chaokuei , Zhang Han , He Jingliang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAll solid‐state pulsed lasers (ASSPLs) play a significant role in the fields of medical, military, industry, and scientific research. Passive Q‐switching and mode‐locking are two of the most effective techniques for generating ASSPLs, in which a saturable absorber (SA) is the key element that has great impact on laser output parameters. Recently, 2D layered materials have been widely studied due to their intriguing properties. Their advantages of ultrafast dynamic processing, excellent nonlinear optical response, broadband operation, and easy fabrication and integration with lasers, enable them to be excellent SAs. Herein, the recent progress of ASSPLs with 2D layered material‐based SAs is reviewed, including a brief introduction of the fundamental characteristics, fabrication methods, characterization techniques of ultrafast dynamics, and nonlinear optical properties of 2D materials, design criteria of passively Q‐switched and mode‐locked bulk lasers, and their applications in ASSPLs. Finally, the potential developments and perspectives on 2D material‐based ASSPLs are also highlighted.
Cardiac Noradrenaline Turnover and Heat Shock Protein 27 Phosphorylation in Dyskinetic Monkeys
Authors: Almela Pilar , Cuenca‐Bermejo Lorena , Yuste José E. , Estrada Cristina , de Pablos Vicente , Bautista‐Hernández Víctor , Fernández‐Villalba Emiliano , Laorden María‐Luisa , Herrero María‐Trinidad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAutonomic dysfunction is a well‐known dominant symptom in the advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. However, the role of cardiac sympathetic nerves still needs to be elucidated.ObjectivesTo evaluate cardiac sympathetic response in Parkinsonian and dyskinetic monkeys.MethodsAdult male monkeys were divided into 1 of the following 3 groups: controls, 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine–treated monkeys, and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine+levodopa–treated animals. Noradrenaline, its metabolite normetanephrine, and phospho‐Heat shock proten 27 (p‐Hsp27) at serine 82 levels were analyzed in the left and right ventricles of the heart. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry was performed in the ventral mesencephalon.ResultsThe results were the following: (1) 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine intoxication significantly increased normetanephrine levels and decreased noradrenaline turnover in the right ventricle without changes in the left ventricle; however, (2) levodopa treatment decreased noradrenaline levels and enhanced the normetanephrine/noradrenaline ratio in parallel with a very significant increase of Hsp27 activity in both ventricles.ConclusionsLevodopa treatment could induce protective cardiac effects through the increased Hsp27 activity. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
When moments matter: Finding answers with rapid exome sequencing
Authors: Powis Zöe , Farwell Hagman Kelly D. , Blanco Kirsten , Au Margaret , Graham John M. , Singh Kathryn , Gallant Natalie , Randolph Linda M. , Towne Meghan , Hunter Jesse , Shinde Deepali N. , Palmaer Erika , Schoenfeld Brian , Tang Sha 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhen time is of the essence in critical care cases, a fast molecular diagnosis is often necessary to help health care providers quickly determine best next steps for treatments, prognosis, and counseling of their patients. In this paper, we present the diagnostic rates and improved quality of life for patients undergoing clinical rapid exome sequencing.MethodsThe clinical histories and results of 41 patients undergoing rapid exome sequencing were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsClinical rapid exome sequencing identified a definitive diagnosis in 13/41 (31.7%) and other relevant findings in 17 of the patients (41.5%). The average time to verbal report was 7 days; to written report was 11 days.ConclusionsOur observations demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of rapid family‐based diagnostic exome sequencing in improving patients care.
TCAD‐based statistical modeling methodology for nanoscale FinFET variability
Authors: Guo Ao , Shang Enming , Hu Shaojian , Chen Shoumian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe demonstrated in this article a TCAD‐based (TCAD is defined as Technology Computer Aided Design) statistical modeling methodology for FinFET devices, which included TCAD Monte Carlo simulation, SPICE model library buildup, and model verification in circuit level. As a demonstrative example, a set of 14 nm FinFET devices are investigated for TCAD variability simulation and statistical model development. The stability and variability of different SRAM cells are further evaluated to verify the applicability of proposed statistical modeling methodology. The demonstrative statistical modeling method in this article is fully compatible with industrial standard methodology of CMOS device model, which can be easily immigrated into advanced technologies.
A new total‐Lagrangian smooth particle hydrodynamics approximation for the simulation of damage and fracture of ductile materials
Authors: de Vaucorbeil Alban , Hutchinson Christopher R. 
Published: December 2019

SummarySmooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is gaining popularity for the simulation of solids subjected to machining, wear, and impacts. Its attractiveness is due to its abilities to simulate problems, involving large deformations resulting from the absence of mesh as well as the development of the total‐Lagrangian version of SPH (TLSPH) to solve tensile instabilities and an hourglass control algorithm to reduce rank‐deficiency problems. However, when TLSPH is used with continuum damage mechanics, nonphysical residual forces can emerge and lead to instabilities. To solve this issue, the “pseudospring” method that scales the kernel function with damage was proposed by Chakraborty and Shaw. This method preserves local linear momentum and is stable for elastic solids but can generate instabilities when solids damage after experiencing high plastic strains. In this contribution, we present a new TLSPH approximation that conserves both linear and angular momenta, which is suitable for the simulation of damage and fracture of ductile materials. Using single‐edge notched samples and tensile tests, we show that this approximation is stable whatever the stress/strain state and is in good agreement with finite element simulations and experimental results.
Associations of Thigh and Abdominal Adipose Tissue Radiodensity with Glucose and Insulin in Nondiabetic African‐Ancestry Men
Authors: Tilves Curtis , Zmuda Joseph M. , Kuipers Allison L. , Carr J. Jeffrey , Terry James G. , Wheeler Victor , Peddada Shyamal D. , Nair Sangeeta , Miljkovic Iva 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveDecreased radiodensity of adipose tissue (AT) located in the visceral AT (VAT), subcutaneous AT (SAT), and intermuscular AT (IMAT) abdominal depots is associated with hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance independent of AT volumes. These associations were sought in African‐ancestry men, who have higher risk for type 2 diabetes and have been underrepresented in previous studies.MethodsThis cross‐sectional analysis included 505 nondiabetic men of African‐Caribbean ancestry (median age: 61 years; median BMI: 26.8 kg/m2) from the Tobago Health Study. AT volumes and radiodensities were assessed using computed tomography, including abdominal (VAT and SAT) and thigh (IMAT) depots. Associations between AT radiodensities were assessed with fasting serum glucose and insulin and with insulin resistance (updated homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA2‐IR).ResultsHigher radiodensity in any AT depot was associated with lower log‐insulin and log‐HOMA2‐IR (β range: −0.16 to −0.18 for each; all P < 0.0001). No AT radiodensity was associated with glucose. Thigh IMAT radiodensity associations were independent of, and similar in magnitude to, VAT radiodensities. Model fit statistics suggested that AT radiodensities were a better predictor for insulin and insulin resistance compared with AT volumes in individuals with overweight and obesity.ConclusionsAT radiodensities at multiple depots are significantly associated with insulin and insulin resistance in African‐ancestry men.
Sickle cell disease in Germany: Results from a national registry
Authors: Kunz Joachim B. , Lobitz Stephan , Grosse Regine , Oevermann Lena , Hakimeh Dani , Jarisch Andrea , Cario Holger , Beier Rita , Schenk Daniela , Schneider Dominik , Groß‐Wieltsch Ute , Prokop Aram , Heine Sabine , Khurana Claudia , Erlacher Miriam , Dürken Matthias , Linke Christina , Frühwald Michael , Corbacioglu Selim , Claviez Alexander , Metzler Markus , Ebinger Martin , Full Hermann , Wiesel Thomas , Eberl Wolfgang , Reinhard Harald , Tagliaferri Laura , Allard Pierre , Karapanagiotou‐Schenkel Irini , Rother Lisa‐Marie , Beck Dorothea , Le Cornet Lucian , Kulozik Andreas E. ,   German Sickle Cell Disease Registry
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLimited data on the prevalence and medical care of sickle cell disease (SCD) in Germany are available. Here, we make use of a patient registry to characterize the burden of disease and the treatment modalities for patients with SCD in Germany.ProcedureA nationwide German registry for patients with SCD documents basic data on diagnosis and patient history retrospectively at the time of registration. A prospective annual documentation provides more details on complications and treatment of SCD. For the current analyses, data of 439 patients were available.ResultsMost patients had homozygous SCD (HbSS 75.1%, HbS/β‐thalassemia 13.2%, and HbSC 11.3%). The median age at diagnosis was 1.9 years (interquartile range, 0.6‐4.4 years), most patients were diagnosed when characteristic symptoms occurred. Sepsis and stroke had affected 3.2% and 4.2% of patients, respectively. During the first year of observation, 48.3% of patients were admitted to a hospital and 10.1% required intensive care. Prophylactic penicillin was prescribed to 95.6% of patients with homozygous SCD or HbS/β thalassemia below the age of six and hydroxycarbamide to 90.4% of patients above the age of two years. At least one annual transcranial Doppler ultrasound was documented for 74.8% of patients between 2 and 18 years.ConclusionWith an estimated number of at least 2000, the prevalence of SCD in Germany remains low. Prospectively, we expect that the quality of care for children with SCD will be further improved by an earlier diagnosis after the anticipated introduction of a newborn screening program for SCD.
Streamlined Development of Targeted Mass Spectrometry‐Based Method Combining Scout‐MRM and a Web‐Based Tool Indexed with Scout Peptides
Authors: Ayciriex Sophie , Carrière Romain , Bardet Chloé , Blanc J. C. Yves Le , Salvador Arnaud , Fortin Tanguy , Lemoine Jérôme 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMS‐based targeted proteomics is a relevant technology for sensitive and robust relative or absolute quantification of proteins biomarker candidates in complex human biofluids or tissue extracts. Performing a multiplex assay imposes time scheduling of peptide monitoring only around their expected retention time that needs to be defined with synthetic peptide. Time‐scheduled monitoring is clearly a constraint that precludes from straightforward assay transfer between biological matrices or distinct experimental setup. Any unexpected retention time (RT) shift challenges assay robustness and its implementation for large‐scale analysis. Recently, Scout‐multiple reaction monitoring that fully releases multiplexed targeted acquisition from RT scheduling by successively monitoring complex transition groups triggered with sentinel molecules called Scout has been introduced. It is herein documented how Peptide Selector database and tool streamlines the building of a multiplexed method thanks to RT indexation relative to Scout peptides. This case study deals with surrogate peptides of biomarker candidates related to drug‐induced liver and vascular injury, running such on‐line built method (eight Scouts triggering the monitoring of a total of 692 transitions) enables 100% recovery of a panel of 93 spiked‐in heavy labeled standards, despite significant RT shifts between serum, plasma, or urine. This result illustrates the simplicity of automatically building and deploying robust proteomics targeted assay.