bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video Analysis and Verification of Direct Head Impacts Recorded by Wearable Sensors in Junior Rugby League Players
Authors: Carey Lauchlan John , Terry Douglas P , McIntosh Andrew , Stanwell Peter , Iverson Grant L , Gardner Andrew J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Rugby League is a high-intensity collision sport that carries a risk of concussion. Youth athletes are considered to be more vulnerable and take longer to recover from concussion than adult athletes. Purpose: To review head impact events in elite level junior representative rugby league and to verify and analyze x-patchTM recorded impacts via video analysis.Study Design: Observational case series.Methods: The x-patchTM was used on twenty-one adolescent players (thirteen forwards and eight backs) during a 2017 junior representative rugby league competition. Game day footage, recorded by a trained videographer from a single camera, was synchronized with accelerometer timestamps. Impacts were double verified by video review. Impact rates, playing characteristics, and game play situations were described.Results: The x-patchTM recorded 624 impacts 20g between game start and finish, of which 564 (90.4%) were verified on video. Upon video review, 413 (73.2%) of all verified impacts 20g where determined to be direct head impacts. Direct head impacts 20g occurred at a rate of 5.2 impacts per game hour; 7.6 for forwards and 3.0 for backs (range=0-18.2). A defender’s arm directly impacting the head of the ball carrier was the most common event, accounting for 21.3% (n=120) of all impacts, and 46.7% of all “hit-up” impacts. There were no medically diagnosed concussions during the competition.Conclusion: The majority (90.4%) of impacts 20g recorded by the x-patchTM sensor were verified by video. Double verification of direct head impacts in addition to cross-verification of sensor recorded impacts using a secondary source such as synchronized video review can be used to ensure accuracy and validation of data.
Prevalence of Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors Among HIV-infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Eastern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia:A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hailu Tsegu , Hagos Haftea , Gemechu Kbrom , Tesfay Haftom , Tadesse Beyene 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Opportunistic infections are diseases that cause infections in people whose immune systems are weakened. It is the most public health problem and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of AIDS-related infections in developing countries. Identification of opportunistic infections is the core for developing a specific intervention. Despite this fact, information about the burden of opportunistic infections is lacking in the particular study. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected patients in Eastern zone of Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was done among HIV/AIDS patients taking antiretroviral therapy in Northern Ethiopia. A total of 394 study subjects was selected using a systematic random sampling method. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The collected data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval were used to find factors associated with opportunistic infections. The adjusted odds ratio was calculated to show the strength of the association. Variables with p-value of < 0.05 were considered statically significant. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 41 (± 10). Of the study participants, about 52% (95% CI: 47.5-57.1) developed opportunistic infections. Being housewife occupation (AOR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.07-0.46), CD4+ count < 200 cells/µl (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.3-4.67), poor adherence (AOR = 4; 95% CI: 1.95-8.2), and bedridden functional status (AOR = 13.9; 95% CI: 5.2-37) were independently associated with opportunistic infections. Conclusion: This study stated the prevalence of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected patients is high. Being housewife occupation, poor ART adherence, low CD4+ count, and bedridden functional status were found to be associated with development of opportunistic infections. Therefore, health care providers must give continuous health education on primary prevention of opportunistic infections.
Does Cystic Fibrosis Constitute an Advantage in COVID-19 Infection?
Authors: Bezzerri Valentino , Lucca Francesca , Volpi Sonia , Cipolli Marco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Veneto region is one of the most affected Italian regions by COVID-19. Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may constitute a risk factor in COVID-19. Moreover, respiratory viruses were generally associated with severe pulmonary impairment in cystic fibrosis (CF). We would have therefore expected numerous cases of severe COVID-19 among the CF population. Surprisingly, we found that CF patients were significantly protected against infection by SARS-CoV-2. We discussed this aspect formulating some reasonable theories.
Patient-Reported Maternal Care Quality Measures: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Brown Kyrah K , Boateng Godfred O , Ossom-Williamson Peace , Haygood Laura 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite the global decline in maternal mortality ratio, the burden of this global health problem differs considerably by a country’s economic development status and geographic region. Research suggests that ensuring high-quality maternal care services is crucial for significantly reducing the global maternal mortality ratio. Health practitioners and researchers must be able to measure and assess maternal care quality in facilities; yet, there are many challenges such as lack of consensus on definitions and measures that may not be practical in facility settings. Whereas previous work has focused on clinical indicators used to measure maternal care quality in developing countries, this scoping review will be the first to address the ways in which patient-reported maternal care quality is defined, conceptualized, and measured across low-, middle-, and high-income countries; and to identify, evaluate, and summarize existing patient-reported measures of maternal care quality.
Methods
For this scoping review, we will conduct searches for peer-reviewed studies from Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Amed, WHO Global Index Medicus, and grey literature sources. Published studies in English until August 31, 2020 focused on the measurement of maternal care quality will be included. Screening and data extraction will be completed independently by two members of the review team. We will analyze the evidence using a critical appraisal tool and best practice guideline for developing and validating scales.
Discussion
The review will provide researchers and practitioners with a summary of existing definitions, frameworks, and measures for assessing maternal care quality along with associated psychometric evidence. The review will also lay the groundwork for developing a comprehensive patient-reported maternal care quality measure.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms herald metabolic decline in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ng Kok Pin , Pascoal Tharick A. , Mathotaarachchi Sulantha , Chan Yiong Huak , Jiang Lai , Therriault Joseph , Benedet Andrea L. , Shin Monica , Kandiah Nagaendran , Greenwood Celia M.T. , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Gauthier Serge 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are increasingly recognized as early non-cognitive manifestations in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. However, the role of NPS as an early marker of pathophysiological progression in AD remains unclear. Dominantly inherited AD (DIAD) mutation carriers are young individuals who are destined to develop AD in future due to the full penetrance of the genetic mutation. Hence, the study of DIAD mutation carriers enables the evaluation of the associations between pure AD pathophysiology and metabolic correlates of NPS without the confounding effects of co-existing pathologies. In this longitudinal study, we aim to identify regional brain metabolic dysfunctions associated with NPS in cognitively intact DIAD mutation carriers.
Methods:
We stratified 221 cognitively intact participants from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network according to their mutation carrier status. Regression mixed effect models with family-level random effects evaluated the interactions of NPS measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q), age and estimated years of onset (EYO) as a function of metabolism measured by [18F]flurodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography in DIAD mutation and non-mutation carriers. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify the neuropsychiatric subsyndromes in DIAD mutation carriers using the NPI-Q sub-components. Regression mixed effect models then evaluated the interactions of specific neuropsychiatric subsyndromes with EYO and age on metabolism.
Results:
119 mutation and 102 non-mutation carriers were studied. The interaction of higher NPI-Q and shorter EYO was associated with greater global and regional [18F]FDG uptake decline in the posterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortices, bilateral parietal lobes and right insula in DIAD mutation carriers. The neuropsychiatric subsyndrome of agitation, disinhibition, irritability and depression interacted with EYO to drive [18F]FDG uptake decline in the DIAD mutation carriers. The interaction of NPI and EYO was not associated with [18F]FDG uptake in DIAD non mutation carriers.
Conclusions:
NPS in cognitively intact DIAD mutation carriers are clinical indicators of subsequent metabolic decline in brain networks vulnerable to AD. Our findings further advanced the emerging conceptual framework that NPS represent early manifestations of neuronal injury in AD.
Metastatic solitary vaginal nodule from a primary rectal tumor.
Authors: Alawneh Fade , Chaar Mohamad K. Abou , Rabah Lara , Shatnawi Qais , Gharaibeh Azza , Jaber Omar , Daoud Faiez 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: An isolated vaginal metastasis from a primary colorectal adenocarcinoma is extremely rare. Based on meticulous literature review, only seven cases were reported from 1956 – 2013. Case Presentation: We present a case of a 52-year-old female patient diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma, underwent low anterior resection of the primary tumor, and then was found to have an asymptomatic isolated vaginal metastasis that was completely excised. Conclusion: Isolated vaginal metastatic disease is one of the rarest entities in surgical oncology with only limited cases being reported in the literature. A diagnosis can be challenging if the metastatic lesion is small and asymptomatic even with the most advanced radiological assessment tools. A meticulous examination should be done pre-operatively in order to rule out such diagnosis.
Chest wall and diaphragm reconstruction; a technique not well established in literature
Authors: Jalil Riad Abdel , Kakish Hanna , Chaar Mohamad K. Abou , Al-Qudah Obada 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The treatment for most primary chest wall tumors is wide excision. After radical chest wall resection, skeletal reconstruction, when appropriate to preserve the reconstruction, is the essential element for successful management. Case presentation: We describe a case of a 27-year-old male patient who had chest wall and diaphragm reconstruction for a recurrent chest wall tumor, using a single patch of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mesh with diaphragm implanted into the middle of the mesh. There were no operative complications. The patient received post-operative radiotherapy with good functional and cosmetic results. Conclusion: We present a novel and safe technique resulting in stable results after full-thickness multi-rib chest wall resections involving the diaphragm.
The 100 top-Cited Studies on Ebola: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Kawuki Joseph , Musa Taha Hussein , Papabathini Shireen Salome , Ghimire Upama , Obore Nathan , Yu Xiao-Jin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The achievements in Ebola virus disease (EVD) prevention and control can be reflected by scientific studies, particularly in the top-cited studies. The study thus aimed to identify and characterise the 100 top-cited studies of Ebola.Methods: The study used a retrospective bibliometric analysis, which was performed in January 2020. Studies were searched from the Web of Science using the keywords: “Ebola” or “Ebola virus” or “Ebola virus disease” to identify the 100 top-cited ebola studies. Studies were analysed for the number of citations, authorship, and journal, year of publication, country and institution. The analyses were carried out using SPSS, HistCite and VOSviewer.Results: The 100 top-cited studies were published between 1977 and 2017, were cited from 169 to 808 times and had an average citation of 290.5, and 8 studies were cited more than 500 times. They were published in 31 journals, and Journal of Virology published most of the studies (n=14). They were produced by 33 countries, and the USA published most of the studies (63), followed by Germany (8) and Gabon (6). Centre for Disease prevention and Control-USA (26) was the leading institution, while Geisbert TW and Sanchez A were the most productive authors.Conclusions: This study provides insights into the historical advancements reflected by the top-cited studies and has highlighted the leading roles played by various stakeholders in addressing EVD. However, the contribution of African countries is not sufficiently reflected among these studies, and so more focus, funding and involvement in clinical research is needed for effective prevention and control of EVD in Africa.
An ultra-low magnetic field thermal demagnetizer for high-precision paleomagnetism
Authors: Qin Huafeng , Zhao Xiang , Liu Shuangch , Paterson Greig , Jiang Zhaoxia , Cai Shuhui , Li Jinhua , Liu Qingsong , Zhu Rixiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Thermal demagnetization furnaces are widely used paleomagnetic facilities for progressive removal of naturally acquired magnetic remanence or the imparting of well controlled laboratory magnetization. An ideal thermal demagnetizer should maintain “zero” magnetic field in the sample chamber during thermal treatments. However, magnetic field noises, including the residual magnetic fields of the construction material and the induced fields caused by the alternating current (AC) in the heating element are always present, which often greatly contaminate the paleoamgnetic results at the elevated temperatures or for the magnetically weak samples. Here, we designed a new structure of heating wire named named straight core solenoid to develop a new demagnetization furnace with ultra-low magnetic field noise. Simulation and practical measurement show that the heating current magnetic field can be greatly reduced by using the new technology. Thermal demagnetization experiments demonstrate that the new demagnetizer can yield low noise results even for weakly magnetic samples.
An integer programming model to assign patients based on mental health impact for tele-psychotherapy intervention during the Covid–19 emergency
Authors: Trujillo Andrés Miniguano , Salazar Fernanda , Torres Ramiro , Arias Patricio , Sotomayor Koraima 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Covid–19 pandemic challenges healthcare systems worldwide while severely impacting mental health. As a result, the rising demand for psychological assistance during crisis times requires early and effective intervention. This contributes to the well-being of the public and front-line workers and prevents mental health disorders. Many countries are offering diverse and accessible services of tele-psychological intervention; Ecuador is not the exception. The present study combines statistical analyses and discrete optimization techniques to solve the problem of assigning patients to therapists for crisis intervention with a single tele-psychotherapy session. The statistical analyses showed that professionals and healthcare workers in contact with Covid–19 patients or with a confirmed diagnosis had a significant relationship with suicide risk, sadness, experiential avoidance, and perception of severity. Moreover, some Covid–19-related variables were found to be predictors of sadness and suicide risk as unveiled via path analysis. This allowed categorizing patients according to their screening and grouping therapists according to their qualifications. With this stratification, a multi-periodic optimization model and a heuristic are proposed to find an adequate assignment of patients to therapists over time. The integer programming model was validated with real-world data, and its results were applied in a volunteer program in Ecuador.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Models as Tools to Predict Aerosol Distribution in Tracheobronchial Airways
Authors: Atzeni Claudia , Lesma Gianluca , Dubini Gabriele , Masi Maurizio , Rossi Filippo , Bianchi Elena 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Aerosol and pollutants, in form of particulates 5 – 8 um in main size face every day our respiratory system as natural suspension in air or forced to be inhaled as a coadjutant in a medical therapy for respiratory diseases. This inhalation happens in children to elderly, women and men, healthy or sick and disable people. In this paper we analyzed the inhalation of aerosol in conditions assimilable to the thermal therapy, in a model of patient representing an adult man. Results: We use a computational fluid dynamic 3D model to compute and visualize the trajectories of aerosol (3-7-10-25 µm) down to the sixth generation of bronchi, in a steady and dynamic condition (7 µm) set as breath cycle at rest. Results, compared to a set of milestones experimental studies published in literature, allow the comprehension of particles behavior during the inhalation from mouth to bronchi sixth generation, the visualization of jet at larynx constriction and vortices, in a characteristic geometrical model including tracheal rings. Conclusions: Results on trajectories and deposition show the importance of the including transient physiological breath cycle on aerosol deposition analyses. Furthermore results indicate that vorticity in the glottides and trachea sections mix the trajectories on the transversal plane, excluding meaningful relation between position of the inhalation across the mouth and the deposition lobe. Numerical and graphical results, usable from researchers, technicians and medical doctors, may enable the design of medical devices and protocols to make the inhalations more effective in all the users’ population.
Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Treated With Convalescent Plasma in a Mid-size City in The Mid West
Authors: Hartman William R , Hess Aaron S , Connor Joseph P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease, COVID-19, has infected over seven million people world-wide, including two million people in the United States. While many people recover from the virus uneventfully, a subset of patients will require hospital admission, some with intensive care needs including intubation, and mechanical ventilation. To date there is no cure and no vaccine is available. Passive immunotherapy by the transfusion of convalescent plasma donated by COVID-19 recovered patients might be an effective option to combat the virus, especially if used early in the course of disease. Here we report our experience of using convalescent plasma at a tertiary care center in a mid-size, midwestern city that did not experience an overwhelming patient surge.MethodsHospitalized COVID-19 patients categorized as having Severe or Life-Threatening disease according to the Mayo Clinic Emergency Access Protocol were screened, consented, and treated with convalescent plasma collected from local donors recovered from COVID-19 infection. Clinical data and outcomes were collected retrospectively.Results31 patients were treated, 16 severe patients and 15 life-threatened patients. Overall mortality was 27% (4/31) but only patients with life-threatening disease died. 94% of transfused patients with severe disease avoided escalation to ICU care and mechanical ventilation. 67% of patients with life-threatening disease were able to be extubated. Most transfused patients had a rapid decrease in their respiratory support requirements on or about day 7 following convalescent plasma transfusion.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that convalescent plasma is associated with reducing ventilatory requirements in patients with both severe and life-threatening disease, but appears to be most beneficial when administered early in the course of disease when patients meet the criteria for severe illness.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dental academia. Students’ experience in online education and expectations for a predictable practice.
Authors: Hattar Susan , AlHadidi Abeer , Sawair Faleh A , Alraheam Islam Abd , El-Ma’aita Ahmad , Wahab Fouad Kadim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
AbstractBackground: The quarantine associated with the COVID-19 pandemic forced dental schools to suspend their clinical training and to shift to distant learning methods. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 quarantine on the preparedness of dental graduates and to explore the efficacy and limitations of online education from students’ perspectives. Methods: the questionnaire distributed to dental students comprised of two main sections; first part covered the online education experience and the second part measured the level of preparedness for a range of cognitive, communication and professional skills. Results: the survey yielded a response rate of 72%. The majority of students (77%) agreed that they missed educational experiences as a result of the lockdown. More than half of them felt less motivated in following-up with distant e-learning and believed that online assessment is not a good method for evaluation. A high percentage of the students (66%) thought that online group discussions has a positive value whilst 67% preferred online lectures compared to theatre lectures. Majority of students particularly 5th year (78.7%) (p<0.001) stated that the quarantine increased their collaboration with their colleagues. According to 87% of students, the experience most negatively affected was their clinical training.In general, students showed satisfactory preparedness related to a range of attributes and professional skills, however, nearly two-thirds of them prefer to be mentored and favor a structured year of residence. Conclusions: Data showed that students partially appreciated the online system, whereas they did not consider it a substitute for face to face clinical practice. The overall preparedness level was promising, however, some skills regarding evidence-based practice need consolidation. Students had reservations regarding independent practice following graduation.