bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing the effect of sample bias for small data sets with double‐weighted support vector transfer regression
Authors: Luo Huan , Paal Stephanie German 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSmall data sets are an extremely challenging problem in the machine learning (ML) realm, and in specific, in regression scenarios, as the lack of relevant data can lead to ML models that have large bias. However, there are many applications for which a purely data‐driven procedure would be advantageous, but a large amount of data are not available. This article proposes a novel regression‐based transfer learning (TL) model to address this challenge, where TL is defined as knowledge transfer from a large, relevant data set (source domain data) to a small data set (target domain data). The proposed TL model is termed double‐weighted support vector transfer regression (DW‐SVTR), which couples least squares support vector machines for regression (LS‐SVMR) with two weight functions. The first weight function uses kernel mean matching (KMM) to reweight the source domain data such that the mean values of the source and target domain data in a reproduced kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) are close. In this way, the source domain data points relevant to the target domain points have a larger weight than irrelevant source domain points. The second weight is a function of estimated residuals, which aims to further reduce the negative interference of irrelevant source domain points. The proposed approach is assessed and validated via simulated data and by enhanced shear strength prediction of nonductile columns based on limited availability of nonductile column data. Specifically, the results for the latter show that the proposed DW‐SVTR can reduce the root mean square error (RMSE) by 34% and enhance the coefficient of determination (R2) by 229%. These numerical results demonstrate that the DW‐SVTR significantly reduces the effect of small sample bias and improves prediction performance compared to standard ML methods.
Central venous catheters misplaced in paraspinal veins: A systematic literature review based on case reports
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Chen Hongxiu , Feng Liwei , Cai Yujia , Yin Wanhong , Hu Xiuying , Liu Chang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundParaspinal vein misplacement is an uncommon complication of central venous catheterization via lower extremities, most of which have been reported in case reports.AimTo determine the clinical characteristics of paraspinal vein misplacement.DesignThis was a systematic review.MethodsA systematic literature search in the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed from their inception to 18 June 2019. Case reports and small case series describing central venous catheter misplacement in the paraspinal vein were included. Data on the catheterization procedure, catheter tip position, complications, and radiographic features of misplacement were extracted.ResultsThirty studies with a total of 36 patients were included. The ascending lumbar vein accounted for the majority of misplacements (n = 30), followed by the lumbar vein (n = 4), iliolumbar vein (n = 1), and vertebral venous plexus (n = 1). Six patients had eventful catheterization procedures. Twenty‐six patients experienced misplacement‐induced complications, of whom seven died. The most common complications included cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, neurological symptoms, and deteriorated respiration. Among the entire case cohort, the onset of complications was the primary sign that alerted medical staff to misplacement (n = 23). The typical radiographic characteristics were posterior deviation of the catheter course overlapping with the spine on lateral X‐rays and a bend, kink, or hump in the catheter course on anteroposterior X‐rays at the L4 to L5 levels.ConclusionsNurses should be aware of this particular complication if a patient who has undergone catheterization via a lower extremity presents deterioration of neurological function and respiration.Relevance to clinical practiceLateral X‐ray radiography is an effective method to verify misplacement and is recommended as routine practice during catheterization via lower extremities.
Breeding high‐yield upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lines with high‐quality fibre by mutation
Authors: Zhou Heng , Deng Huiqing , Su Jinqi , Sun Ying , Jiang Linong , Liu Zhengluan , Tang Canming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe yield and fibre quality of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivars are very difficult to improve simultaneously. Attempts to breed upland cotton cultivars with high‐quality fibre that can spin more than 40 yarn count (Ne) and present yields equal to those of commercial cultivars have not been successful. The seeds of the high‐yield upland cotton line Tai 8033 were mutagenized in a Chinese Practice No. 8 recoverable satellite, and the mutated line was selected to produce high‐quality and high‐yield lines by pedigree selection. The eight mutated lines fit the Chinese standard of high‐quality cotton class I, were suitable for spinning more than 40 Ne and had yields that were 12.7%, 7.1% and 3.5% higher than the current control cultivar yield in the cotton cultivation area tested in Jiangsu Province. The fibre of one line successfully spun 80 Ne that fit the high‐quality yarn standards. After seeds were mutagenized by exposure to a space environment in a satellite, the fibre quality of upland cotton cultivars was improved through pedigree selection.
Implementation of a pediatric provider‐to‐provider store‐and‐forward teledermatology system: Effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability in a pilot study
Authors: Jew Olivia S. , Murthy Aditi S. , Danley Kristen , McMahon Patrick J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesLong wait times for in‐person appointments in pediatric dermatology can lead to delays in specialty care, additional health system touchpoints, patient and family dissatisfaction, poorer outcomes, and increased overall health care costs. Store‐and‐forward teledermatology may address these challenges and improve access to care in pediatric dermatology.MethodsWe describe a prospective, non‐blinded cohort study with follow‐up surveys conducted from March 1, 2018, to September 20, 2018. The study was conducted at a single center, in primary care and specialist settings. Patients included were <18 years old and received care at one of our affiliated primary care sites. Primary care providers submitted teledermatology consultations through a shared electronic medical record. A board‐certified pediatric dermatologist evaluated each consultation; primary care providers conveyed recommendations to families.ResultsForty‐three consultations for patients (23 male, 20 female; median age: 7 years [IQR: 2.4‐12]) were entered by primary care providers. Median time from consult request to dermatologist initiating consult was 12.1 hours [IQR: 1.9‐18.8]; median time to complete consult note was 7 minutes [IQR: 5‐10.5]. Median time from primary care provider initially consulting to conveying teledermatology recommendations to families was 3 days [IQR: 1‐5]. All but one consult (42/43, 98%) were completed in the intended workflow. Follow‐up in‐person visits with pediatric dermatologists occurred with 10/43 (23%) patients. In follow‐up surveys, parents were 83% likely to recommend the service to family and friends. All primary care providers and dermatologists felt the service improved quality of care.ConclusionsProvider‐to‐provider teledermatology consultation appears to be a feasible and acceptable method of providing care quickly and effectively to pediatric patients.
Aromatase inhibitor–induced hair loss in two adolescents
Authors: Perper Marina , Herskovitz Ingrid , Tosti Antonella 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHair loss and thinning are possible complications in those undergoing endocrine therapies with aromatase inhibitors. Alopecia in pediatric patients undergoing endocrine therapy has not been previously reported. We describe two adolescents, 14 and 16 years of age, who developed androgenetic alopecia following treatment with anastrozole for idiopathic short stature. Accordingly, the possible adverse event of alopecia should be considered in the pediatric population undergoing treatment with aromatase inhibitors.
Promoting cardiovascular health post‐transplant through early diagnosis and adequate management of hypertension and dyslipidemia
Authors: Charnaya Olga , Seifert Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite correction of underlying solid organ failure by transplantation, pediatric transplant recipients still have increased mortality rates compared to the general pediatric population, in part due to increased cardiovascular risk. In particular, pediatric kidney and non‐kidney transplant recipients with chronic kidney disease have significant cardiovascular risk that worsens with declining kidney function. Biomarkers associated with future cardiovascular risk such as casual and ambulatory hypertension, dyslipidemia, vascular stiffness and calcification, and left ventricular hypertrophy can be detected throughout the post‐transplant period and in patients with stable kidney function. Among these, hypertension and dyslipidemia are two potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factors that are highly prevalent in kidney and non‐kidney pediatric transplant recipients. Standardized approaches to appropriate BP measurement and lipid monitoring are needed to detect and address these risk factors in a timely fashion. To achieve sustained improvement in cardiovascular health, clinicians should partner with patients and their caregivers to address these and other risk factors with a combined approach that integrates pharmacologic with non‐pharmacologic approaches. This review outlines the scope and impact of hypertension and dyslipidemia in pediatric transplant recipients, with a particular focus on pediatric kidney transplantation given the high burden of chronic kidney disease‐associated cardiovascular risk. We also review the current published guidelines for monitoring and managing abnormalities in blood pressure and lipids, highlighting the important role of therapeutic lifestyle changes in concert with antihypertensive and lipid‐lowering medications.
The circRNA circ_0000291 acts as a sponge of microRNA 326 to regulate E26 transformation‐specific sequence‐1 expression and promote breast cancer progression
Authors: Min Jie , Pan Xue , Lv Gang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAccumulating studies authenticate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the progression of cancers. However, their role in breast cancer (BC) remains largely unknown. In this study, real‐time polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect the circ_0000291 and miR‐326 expressions in BC tissues and cells. The correlation between the expression level of circ_0000291 and clinicopathological parameters of BC patients was analyzed. Western blot was used to detect the expression of E26 transformation‐specific sequence‐1 (ETS1), E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin and Vimentin in BC cells. Cell proliferation was measured using the cell counting kit‐8 assay and the bromodeoxyuridine assay. Cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay. The interactions between circ_0000291 and miR‐326, miR‐326 and ETS1 were verified using bioinformatics prediction, the dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay or/and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay. We demonstrated that circ_0000291 was significantly upregulated in BC, and its high expression was positively correlated with T stage and local lymph node metastasis. Functional assays validated that circ_0000291 promoted BC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The mechanism studies indicated that circ_0000291 could decoy miR‐326 and in turn upregulate the expression of ETS1. In conclusion, circ_0000291 is the novel oncogenic circRNA and promotes BC progression via modulating the miR‐326/ETS1 axis.
Maternal iodine status in a multi‐ethnic UK birth cohort: Associations with child cognitive and educational development
Authors: Threapleton Diane E. , Snart Charles J. P. , Keeble Claire , Waterman Amanda H. , Taylor Elizabeth , Mason Dan , Reid Stephen , Azad Rafaq , Hill Liam J. B. , Meadows Sarah , McKillion Amanda , Alwan Nisreen A. , Cade Janet E. , Simpson Nigel A. B. , Stewart Paul M. , Zimmermann Michael , Wright John , Waiblinger Dagmar , Mon‐Williams Mark , Hardie Laura J. , Greenwood Darren C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternal iodine requirements increase during pregnancy to supply thyroid hormones critical for fetal neurodevelopment. Iodine insufficiency may result in poorer cognitive or child educational outcomes but current evidence is sparse and inconsistent.ObjectivesTo quantify the association between maternal iodine status and child educational outcomes.MethodsUrinary iodine concentrations (UIC) and iodine/creatinine ratios (I:Cr) were measured in 6971 mothers at 26‐28 weeks' gestation participating in the Born in Bradford cohort. Maternal iodine status was examined in relation to child school achievement (early years foundation stage (EYFS), phonics, and Key Stage 1 (KS1)), other learning outcomes, social and behavioural difficulties, and sensorimotor control in 5745 children aged 4‐7 years.ResultsMedian (interquartile range) UIC was 76 µg/L (46, 120), and I:Cr was 83 µg/g (59, 121). Overall, there was no strong or consistent evidence to support associations between UIC or I:Cr and neurodevelopmental outcomes. For instance, predicted EYFS and phonics scores (primary outcomes) at the 25th vs 75th I:Cr percentiles (99% confidence intervals) were similar, with no evidence of associations: EYFS scores were 32 (99% CI 31, 33) and 33 (99% CI 32, 34), and phonics scores were 34 (99% CI 33, 35) and 35 (99% CI 34, 36), respectively.ConclusionsIn the largest single study of its kind, there was little evidence of detrimental neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born to pregnant women with iodine insufficiency as defined by World Health Organization–outlined thresholds. Alternative functional biomarkers for iodine status in pregnancy and focused assessment of other health outcomes may provide additional insight.
Recent developments in African political theology
Authors: Ngong David Tonghou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFocusing on African Christian theology, this study builds on the taxonomy of African political theology provided by Emmanuel Katongole whose conception of African political theology locates it within the context of the nation state. The study however goes beyond Katongole's taxonomy to discuss other forms of political theology that are important in Africa today. It proposes a new form of political theology that goes beyond the nation state to encompass the planet and argues that the different forms of political theology in Africa should not be seen as mutually exclusive but rather as interconnected and mutually enriching.
Comparative changes of pre‐operative autologous transfusions and peri‐operative cell salvage in the United States
Authors: Goel Ruchika , Petersen Molly R. , Patel Eshan U. , Packman Zoe , Bloch Evan M. , Gehrie Eric A. , Lokhandwala Parvez M. , Ness Paul M. , Shaz Beth , Katz Louis M. , Frank Steven M. , Tobian Aaron A. R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith improved safety of allogeneic blood supply, the use of preoperative autologous donations (PADs) and perioperative autologous cell salvage (PACS) has evolved. This study evaluated temporal trends in PAD and PACS use in the United States.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample database, a stratified probability sample of 20% of hospitalizations in the United States, was used to compare temporal trends in hospitalizations reporting use of PADs and PACS from 1995 to 2015. Factors associated with their use were examined between 2012 and 2015 with use of multivariable Poisson regression. Sampling weights were applied to generate nationally representative estimates.ResultsThere was a steady decrease in hospitalizations reporting PAD transfusions from 27.90 per 100 000 in 1995 to 1.48 per 100 000 hospitalizations in 2015 (P‐trend <.001). In contrast, PACS increased from a rate of 1.16 per 100 000 in 1995 to peak of 20.51 per 100 000 hospitalizations in 2008 and then steadily declined (P‐trend<.001). Higher odds of PACS and PADs were observed in older patients, elective procedures (vs urgent), and urban teaching/nonteaching hospitals (vs rural hospitals) (P < .001). PACS was more common in hospitalizations in patients with higher levels of severity of illness as compared to those with minor severity (adjusted prevalence ratio [adjPR], 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.08‐2.73; P<.001), while PADs were performed less often in patients with higher underlying severity of illness (All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups, 4 vs 1, adjPR, 0.61; 95% CI, [0.39‐0.95]; P = .028).ConclusionsThere was a significant decrease in PAD red blood cell transfusions, while PACS has increased and subsequently decreased; PACS plays an important role in surgical blood conservation. The subsequent decline in PACS likely reflects further optimization of transfusion practice through patient blood management programs and improvement of surgical interventions.
Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in United States blood donations, 2015 to 2019: The Transfusion‐Transmissible Infections Monitoring System (TTIMS)
Authors: Steele Whitney R. , Dodd Roger Y. , Notari Edward P. , Xu Meng , Nelson Diane , Kessler Debra A. , Reik Rita , Williams Alan E. , Custer Brian , Stramer Susan L. ,   for the Transfusion‐Transmissible Infections Monitoring System (TTIMS)
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Transfusion‐Transmissible Infections Monitoring System (TTIMS) combines data from four US blood collection organizations including approximately 60% of all donations to monitor demographic and temporal trends in infectious disease markers and policy impacts.Study Design and MethodsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) consensus‐positive definitions combined serology and nucleic acid testing results. These along with donor and donation characteristics were assembled into a single data set. Overall donation prevalence and demographic subsets were compared pre‐ and post‐implementation of the 2015 change in men who have sex with men (MSM) deferral policy, among other prevalence comparisons.ResultsFrom October 2015 to September 2019, there were 712 HIV‐, 1735 HBV‐, and 5217 HCV‐positive samples identified from approximately 27.5 million donations (>9.4 million donors). Prevalences per 100 000 donations were 2.6 (HIV), 6.3 (HBV), and 19.0 (HCV), and the highest for all three agents were in donations from first‐time male donors. Two slight but significant increases in HIV prevalence were observed, both for comparisons of Year 1 (pre‐MSM policy change) versus Year 4 (post‐MSM policy change) for first‐time males and first‐time females; in contrast, similar comparisons demonstrated decreases in HCV prevalence (all donors and general trends for males and females). Except for HIV, prevalence increased with age; for all agents, prevalence was markedly higher in the south.ConclusionsNo major trends were observed over 4 years covering the MSM policy change from indefinite to a 12‐month deferral, but ongoing monitoring is warranted. Demographic trends are consistent with those observed in other donor studies and community trends.
Strategies used in Cameroon blood banks for HIV screening
Authors: Geukeng Elvige Dongmo , Njunda Anna Longdoh , Nsagha Dickson Shey , Zofou Denis , Nanfack Aubin Joseph , Fokam Joseph , Sonela Nelson , Ndoumba Annick , Penda Calixte Ida , Ngo‐Sack Françoise , Ngaba Pascal , Tagny Claude Bertrand Tayou , Mbanya Dora , Ndjolo Alexis 
Published: September 2020

Background and objectivesThe Cameroon National Blood Transfusion Programme (NBTP) has set national standards and recommendations for HIV testing in blood banks, which involves the use of two highly sensitive 99·5% and specific 99·5% fourth‐generation enzyme immunoassays (EIA). The present study aimed at investigating HIV strategies, algorithms and assays currently used in Cameroonian blood banks, after which their level of compliance to blood safety recommendations would be assessed.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted in 18 blood banks located in the ten regions of Cameroon during the year 2018. Data were collected through in‐person interview of blood bank heads, on the HIV testing practice. The information provided from the questionnaire‐based interview was crosschecked and completed through the exploitation of blood bank records.ResultsThis study showed that 12/18 blood banks had Hospital Blood Transfusion Hemovigelance Committee, while guidelines were available in 15/18 centres. According to testing algorithms, 22·2% used one RDT, 27·8% used two RDTs, 33·3% used one RDT combined with Ag/A EIA or CLIA (chemiluminescent immunoassay) and 16·7% used two RDT combined with Ag/Ab EIA/CLIA. Concerning testing kits, a total of 13 different kits were found among which 69·2% were WHO‐prequalified. A good level of compliance with the NBTP guideline was observed in 1/18.ConclusionThis study revealed a diversity of practice in HIV screening for blood transfusion in Cameroon. As fewer blood banks meet the required standards, these findings should serve as the footprint for the National Blood Transfusion Programme in implementing corrective actions nationwide.
The effect of extracorporeal shockwave on liposomal bupivacaine in a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy model
Authors: Frederick Steven W. , Cross Alan R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of extracorporeal shock wave (ESWT) on liposomal bupivacaine in a tibial‐plateau‐leveling osteotomy model.Study designIn vitro study.Sample populationTen samples per group.MethodsIn addition to a control group (sham treatment), five treatment groups were defined as A, energy (E) 3 (0.22 mJ/mm2), 360 pulses per minute (p/m); B, E6 (0.29 mJ/mm2), 360 p/m; C, E8 (0.39 mJ/mm2), 360 p/m; D, E6, 480 p/m; E, E8 480 p/m. Two‐milliliter aliquots of liposomal bupivacaine were placed in a gelatin chamber and treated with 1000 pulses according to group. All samples remained in the chamber for 170 seconds to reflect the longest treatment group. Free bupivacaine concentrations were determined after treatment with high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsThe median free bupivacaine concentration was reported as control, 1.90 mg/mL; A, 2.10 mg/mL; B, 2.03 mg/mL; C, 2.94 mg/mL; D, 2.71 mg/mL; E, 4.35 mg/mL. Groups C (P= .027), D (P= .034), and E (P= .002) were different from the control group. Groups C (P= .0025) and D (P= .0025) were different from group E. Additional intertreatment group differences were found.ConclusionExtracorporeal shock wave therapy caused a dose‐dependent release of bupivacaine; however, there was no significant release of bupivacaine from liposomes when ESWT was applied at currently recommended therapeutic settings in this model.Clinical significanceThis in vitro study provides evidence that concurrent electrohydraulic ESWT and liposomal bupivacaine is likely safe at currently recommended settings, however, higher energy and pulse frequency settings should be avoided.