bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsurface Plug and Abandonment Disconnect Tool: Case History, Angola
Authors: Urdaneta Javier , Neto Antonio , Fontoura Dilson 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
After a well’s productive life, plug and abandonment (P&A) techniques are often used to secure wellbore isolation. Several challenges exist associated with placing cement plugs in open and cased holes, particularly in highly deviated wells. The primary factor for inadequate isolation is cement contamination resulting from intermixing of mud when placing cement plugs using conventional techniques. A solution to be able to place cement plugs during the first attempt and help prevent nonproductive time or additional rig costs was necessary; therefore, a tool was designed to address the challenges associated with setting cement plugs and has been used as a best practice to help ensure competent cement plugs.
The innovative disconnect tool was conceived as part of a solution for placing competent long-length cement plugs on the first attempt because of mechanical limitations faced when attempting to set multiple conventional cement plugs per interval. The tool connects drillable or nondrillable sacrificial tubing to the work string and provides the ability to disconnect the work string at the top of cement, leaving the sacrificial tubing in place. This process allows operators to place long cement volumes in one trip to cover the desired zones. While the tool leaves the sacrificial tubing in situ, the cement plug is undisturbed, minimizing possible contamination.
Seven deepwater wells were abandoned during a recent campaign in Angola using the high-performance disconnect tool. Using this tool provided more than USD 4 million in savings attributed to reduced rig time, which helped address the overall challenge of reducing well abandonment time. The tool performed successfully in all wells on the first attempt and passed the necessary isolation tests.
The engineered procedure, lessons learned, and quality assurance/procedure created during the preparation stage are presented, along with the engineering methodology and full analysis of potential challenges. This case study is an addition to the growing number of successful projects within the region that are helping achieve the planned objective with significantly reduced rig time.
Stakeholder Engagement in the Decommissioning Process
Authors: Genter Sabrina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The influence of an oil or gas operation on its host communities continues beyond the decommissioning of assets. The extent of influence and/ or impact will vary depending on the nature of the operations, in particular the proximity of sensitive receptors (e.g. communities, commercial and recreational fisheries).
When done well, planning for closure serves as a foundation for sustained socio-economic well-being, beneficial reuse of project assets, and accountable decision-making. This ultimately contributes to an operator's social license.
However, without effective planning, stakeholders often find themselves unable to adapt to the changes brought about through decommissioning. The outcome is an operator with undue expectations and stakeholder grievances. This has been shown to impact an operator's social license to operate, which, in recent times, has been amplified by the transparency created through avenues like social media.
Social license to operate is not a new concept for the industry. To date, much of the focus has been on obtaining a social license to operate in the early stages of a project, and maintaining it during the operation phase.
What is emerging is the need to obtain and maintain a social license during the decommissioning process (and beyond). This requires good planning and extensive engagement with stakeholders, including affected communities and regulators.
Automated Marine Biomass Recognition in Uncontrolled Underwater Environment for Marine Biomass Evaluations in Decommissioning Options Assessment
Authors: Mohd Thiyahuddin Mohd Izzat , Ithnin Ghazali , Samsuddin M Ismail , M Sulaiman M Zhafran , M Ros M Ikhranizam , Abdul Rahman M Redzuan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Each topside structure due to be decommissioned requires a thorough case-by-case evaluation for best abandonment options. With the prospect of conducting decommissioning campaigns to reduce cost, decommissioning engineers still need to conduct multiple individual decommissioning options assessments (DOA) ahead of the bundled campaigns. Hence, it is necessary to equip decommissioning engineers with new technologies to expedite comparative assessments and evaluations.
With more decommissioning being completed in campaigns, engineers require a fast automated technique to quantify and categorize marine biomass surrounding offshore structures for DOA evaluations. This tool aims to provide accurate count for marine biomass to support the decision-making processes of fisheries, marine conservation proponents and scientists in decommissioning option assessments. Researcher from PETRONAS utilizes of available ROV inspection videos from PETRONAS assets and employ image processing to detect and track marine biomass along the jackets.
In this paper, a method of biomass tracking using automated scanning of video data is presented. The approach describes the initial research carried out to detect fish in the deep-sea environment video. The sequence used in this project consist of three components which is preprocess, detect and track marine lives. The tool employed produces encouraging results of detecting medium-large marine biomass from the video. Smaller minnows proved to be a challenge due to the quality of video and existence of marine snow. Once detected, the algorithm creates bounding boxes to monitor the marine surrounding the jacket leg. Results from the study showed that the precision rated at between 63% to 75% compared to manual tracking. Further improvement to this tool will include image processing alongside deep learning to increase its accuracy. The outcome of this tool will be useful during regulatory compliance & permitting phase as well as during the post remediation phase in the decommissioning value chain.
Managing Offshore Deepwater Decommissioning: Subsea and FPSO Decommissioning and Abandonment in West Africa
Authors: Zainal Abidin Suzaini , Mahasan Suhaimi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An oil field located about 80km west of the African coast at the water depth of 818m had reached its end of economic life. The facilities and wells would need to be Decommissioned and Abandoned (D&A). The Floating Production Storage & Offloading (FPSO), which was the key component of the facilities, would need to undergo the Disconnection and Demobilization (D&D) phase. The objective of this campaign was to restore the field back to its safe condition whilst minimising the environmental impact, complying with local and international legislative and at the same time delivering the Abandonment & Decommissioning (A&D) in line with good industry decommissioning practices at the most optimize cost. Upon completion of the D&D, the FPSO would require to return to her original base in the South East Asia (SEA).
This paper discusses a case study for a D&D campaign and activities of the FPSO which includes the Subsea, Umbilical, Riser and Flowline (SURF) and mooring system. One of the crucial areas during the execution phase was pertinent to the management and disposal of the hazardous waste that is subjected to transboundary movement as per the relevant convention. Amongst the hazardous waste were Natural Radioactive Occurrence Material (NORM), low specific activity (LSA) material, hydrocarbon sludge and contaminated water. It is necessary for the FPSO to be free from the above said hazardous waste for her to be accepted by the receiving base country.
This paper also describes the actual experiences and lessons learnt which can be applied in future projects.
Alternative Method for Mercury Detection Using Square Wave Anodic Striping Voltammetry
Authors: Silakorn Passaworn , Chanvanichskul Chatawut , Siangproh Weena , Chailapakul Orawon , Boonyongmaneerat Yuttanant 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
By the time the pipelines and other facilities reach their service lives and are to be decommissioned, Mercury (Hg) shall be assessed and monitored as per regulations and for the sake of health and environment care. Company and research institute partners have been therefore developing innovative method to prove the cleanliness of the pipelines and other facilities especially for on-site works.
In general, spectrophotometry such as cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry is proposed to be as standard technique to measure Hg level in samples. Even though this method is sensitive for lowconcentration detection, to meet the sensitivity requirement, it needs extensive sample preparation and long analysis time. Consequently, this technique is not suitable for analysis at worksites. Therefore, a sensitive, selective, rapid and portable Square Wave Anodic Striping Voltammetry (SWASV) has been developed for the determination of ultra-trace levels of Hg in samples.
Hg is contaminant and inherently found in Oil and Gas production and operation assets, especially in the Gulf of Thailand. It may interact and remain in pipelines and other facilities in the production and operation conditions. The level of Hg contamination is normally so low that some specific methodologies based on chemical laboratory are required to confirm such low concentration level (ppb to ppm level). However, it is not common to set-up laboratory station for Hg detection such as cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry at worksites especially at offshore remote well head platforms. SWASV could be therefore an alternative method to detect and screen Hg-contaminated pipelines and facilities. The method does not require any separation or pre-concentration steps and is directly applied to determine levels of Hg in environmental or retreived samples. The comparison between the proposed SWASV and ICP-OES standard method was performed on the samples, the concentrations obtained by both methods were in agreement with the certified values of Hg, according to the paired t-test at 95% confidence level.
SWASV is therefore being developed further to put into mobile lab (poratbale tool). The proposed method is capable of analyzing Hg on-site, reducing total analysis time and monitoring very low concentration of Hg (even down to ppb level) with simple preparation and operation. It could be therefore recommended as an alternative option or as screening method to analyze various samples contaminated with Hg as part of decommissioning activities.
A prospective study of erectile dysfunction in men after pelvic surgical procedures and its association with non - modifiable risk factors
Authors: Artemi Sofia , Vassiliu Panteleimon , Arkadopoulos Nikolaos , Smyrnioti Maria - Eleni , Sarafis Pavlos , Smyrniotis Vasileios 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: A pelvic surgery can cause erectile dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate erectile function at various times after pelvic surgery in male patients; to search the non-modifiable risk factors associated with the presence and intensity of sexuality in these patients. This prospective study used the erectile dysfunction IIEF scale.
Results: The study population comprised of 106 male patients who had undergone minor pelvic surgery at least 9 months before and during the 2010–2016 period in the 4th Surgical Clinic. A control group of healthy males (N=106) who underwent no pelvic surgery matched for age was also used for reference values. The main age of the participants was 66.16 ±13.07 years old. A history of colectomy was present in 36.8%, 18.9% had undergone sigmoidectomy, and 33% inguinal hernia repair. The percentage of severe erectile function increased from 38.7% before surgery to 48.1% (25% increase) after surgery, at the end of the follow-up period (p<0.05). In the multivariate analysis model, age emerged as an independent predictor of erectile function (p<0.001). Age was the most important determinant of the IIEF score, which was aggravated by 25% from the first to the last assessment of patients.
Analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block for thyroid surgery under general anesthesia; a prospective cohort study
Authors: Woldegerima Yophtahe , Hailekiros Amare G. , Fitwi Girmay L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: Uses of simple analgesics were found insufficient to manage pain after thyroid surgery. We hypothesized that using bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (BSCPB) might influence the pattern of immediate postoperative pain and analgesic consumption. The general objective of the study was to assess the analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial plexus block for thyroid surgery under general anesthesia. Results: A total of 74 willing patients involved. Half of them had received BSCPB with 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine just before induction and the remaining half did not. Postoperatively, patients were assessed at immediate, 2nd, 6th, 12th and 24th hours. At all endpoints, NRS-11 scores for pain were significantly lower in the block group. Time to first analgesic requirement was significantly longer 132.3 ± 71.5 min vs 71.4 ± 60.0 min, p = 0.009. Opioid and total analgesic consumption were reduced by BSCPB in the first 24 postoperative hours. There was low but non-significant rate of PONV in the block group. No clinically important adverse event was noted related to BSCPB.
Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets retain bio-efficacy after five years of storage: implications for malaria control programmes
Authors: Musa Jeremiah John , Moore Sarah , Moore Jason , Mbuba Emmanuel , Mbeyela Edgar , Kobe Dickson , Swai Johnson K. , Odufuwa Olukayode G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background: Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) are the most sustainable and effective malaria control tool currently available. Global targets are for 80% of the population living in malaria endemic areas to have access to (own) and use a LLIN. However, current access to LLINs in endemic areas is 56% due to system inefficiencies and budget limitations. Thus, cost-effective approaches to maximize access of effective LLINs in endemic areas are required. This study evaluated whether LLINs that had been stored for five years under manufacturer’s recommended conditions may be optimally effective against Anopheles mosquitoes, to inform malaria control programs and governments on the periods over which LLINs may be stored between distributions, in an effort to maximise use of available LLINs. Methods: Standard World Health Organization (WHO) bioassays (cone and tunnel test) were used to evaluate the bio-efficacy and wash resistance of Olyset® and DawaPlus® 2.0 (rebranded Tsara® Soft) LLINs after five years of storage at 25°C - 33.4°C and 40% - 100% relative humidity. In addition a small scale, Ifakara Ambient Chamber tests (I-ACT) were conducted to compare the bio-efficacy of one long stored LLINs to one new LLIN of the same brand, washed or unwashed. LLINs were evaluated using laboratory reared fully susceptible Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Ifakara) and pyrethroid resistant Anopheles arabiensis (Kingani). Results: After five years of storage, both unwashed and washed, Olyset® and DawaPlus® 2.0 LLINs passed WHO bio-efficacy criteria on knockdown (KD60) ≥95%, 24-hour mortality ≥80% and ≥90% blood-feeding inhibition in WHO assays against susceptible An. gambiae s.s. DawaPlus® 2.0 LLINs also passed combined WHO bioassay criteria against resistant An. arabiensis. Confirmatory I-ACT tests using whole nets demonstrated that long stored LLINs showed higher efficacy than new LLINs on both feeding inhibition and mortality endpoints against resistant strains. Conclusions: Even after long-term storage of around 5 years, Olyset® and DawaPlus® 2.0 LLINs remain efficacious against susceptible Anopheles mosquitoes at optimal storage range of 25°C - 33.4°C for temperature and 40% - 100% relative humidity measured by standard WHO methods.
A large-scale analysis of seed natural aging revealed stronger aging resistance in weedy rice than coexisting cultivated rice for continuous 4 years across China
Authors: dai weimin , Wang Yuan , Zhang Yu-Jie , Sun Xi-Xi , Yang Jin-Ling , Chen Xiao-Feng , Shi Zhi-Hua , Song Xiao-Ling , Qiang Sheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Increasing resistance to aging is conducive to seed storage and germination rate of crop. Meanwhile, the resistance to aging is one of the important adaptive mechanisms of weed to thrive in farmland. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) provide a unique pair demonstrating a weed and conspecific model crop that can be used to study the aging resistance of plants across a diverse geographical range. Chinese weedy rice derived from de-domestication of cultivated rice has rapidly risen to malignant weeds, though the hazard has only been reported for about 20 years. Whether weedy rice rapidly evolves higher seed aging resistance than cultivated rice during the process of dedomestication, which is conducive to its persistence in rice fields, is still unclear. In this experiment, the seeds of weed rice populations and their co-existing rice varieties were collected from 61 regions of China and germinated under normal and high temperatures for consecutive four years (2013–2016). Our study found that the aging resistance of weedy rice was higher than that of the co-existing rice cultivars, and weedy rice may have evolved a different aging resistance mechanism than rice cultivars and could be used as a germplasm resource to cultivate aging-resistant rice. The indica-type has strong aging resistance and no dormancy, while the japonica type has weak aging resistance and a little weak dormancy. Thus, by introducing indica-type aging-resistant alleles into japonica rice, cultivation of aging-resistant japonica rice could be possible.
Identification of the regulatory networks and hub genes controlling alfalfa floral pigmentation variation using RNA-sequencing analysis
Authors: Duan Hui-Rong , Wang Li-Rong , Cui Guang-Xin , Zhou Xue-Hui , Duan Xiao-Rong , Yang Hongshan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: To understand the gene expression networks controlling flower color formation in alfalfa, transcriptome analyses of PacBio full-length sequencing combined with RNA sequencing were performed using two materials with contrasting flower colors, namely Defu and Zhongtian No. 3, across four flower developmental stages. Results: The two datasets provided a comprehensive and systems-level view on the dynamic gene expression networks underpinning alfalfa flower color formation. By weighted gene coexpression network analyses, we identified candidate genes and hub genes from the modules closely related to floral developmental stages. PAL, 4CL, CHS, CHR, F3’H, DFR, and UFGT were enriched in the important modules. Additionally, PAL6, PAL9, 4CL18, CHS2, 4 and 8 were identified as hub genes. Thus, a hypothesis explaining the lack of purple color in the flower of Zhongtian No. 3 was proposed. Conclusions: These analyses identified a large number of potential key regulators controlling flower color pigmentation, thereby providing new insights into the molecular networks underlying alfalfa flower development.
Tissue-specific de novo transcriptome analysis in kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A Chev) Liang et Ferguson]
Authors: SALAZAR JUAN , Vergara Cristian , Jorquera Claudia , Zapata Patricio , Gómez Pedro Martínez , Infante Rodrigo , Meneses Claudio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A Chev) Liang et Ferguson] is a sub-tropical vine from the Actinidiaceae family native from China. This specie has an allohexaploid genome (from a diploid and autotetraploid parents) contained in 174 chromosomes producing a climacteric and fleshy fruit called kiwifruit. Currently there's no too much genomic and transcriptomic information about this species. In this low molecular knowledge context, the main goal of this work is to construct a tissue-specific de novo transcriptome assembly generating a differential expression analysis among these specific tissues to obtain new useful database for a better knowledge of vegetative, floral and fruit growth in different phenological states of Actinidia deliciosa cv. ‘Hayward’. Results In the present study we have analyzed different whole transcriptomes from shoot, leaf, flower bud, flower and fruit at 4 development stages (7,50,120 and 160 days after flowering; DAF) in kiwifruit by using RNA-seq. We sequenced twenty-four libraries, obtaining 604,735,364 reads which were assembled using Trinity software. The first version of Actinidia deliciosa de novo transcriptome contained 142,025 contigs (x̅=1,044bp, N50=1,133bp). CEGMA and BUSCO were used for assembly quality assessment, obtaining close to 90.0% (35.1% partial) and over 85.0% (18.3% partial) of the ultra-conserved genes for eukaryote and plants, respectively. Annotation was performed with BLASTx against TAIR10 protein database and we found an annotation proportion of 35.6% (50,508), leaving 64.4% (91,517) of the contigs assembly without annotation. Conclusions These results represent a reference transcriptome for allohexaploid kiwifruit generating a database of Actinidia deliciosa genes related to leaf, flower and fruit development. Thus, the present study provides a high valuable information, identifying over 20,000 exclusive genes including all tissue comparisons, which are associated with the proteins involved in different biological processes and molecular functions. Transcriptome assembly and refining as well as the assembly metric assessment, has implied an enough quality to be a putative database of this specie and high number of ultra-conserved proteins were found. With respect to transcriptome close to 65% of contigs did not match with any protein. Therefore, future functional annotation will be required in order to obtain a better knowledge of the tissue-specific development.
Patterns of self-medication among university students in San Jose, Costa Rica
Authors: Norori Natalia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Self-medication is defined as the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed symptoms without the supervision of healthcare physicians. Self-medication is a growing public health phenomenon and is associated with risks such as misdiagnosis and drug toxicity. This study aimed to identify the patterns associated with the practice of self-medication among university students in San José, Costa Rica. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and conducted to identify variables associated. Information was collected on the conditions treated, medications used and their sources. Results: The study found that self-medication is highly prevalent among Costa Rican university students. 91.4% of the sample reported self-medicating, with each student consuming an average of 2.15, ± 1,08 drugs. The most Frequently used active ingredients were paracetamol and Ibuprofen. Results also show a relation between the most consumed types of drugs and the principal causes of drug intoxication reported by Costa Rica’s National Poison Center. 77.8% of the participants considered self-medication a risky practice. Conclusions: Self-medication is common among Costa Rican university students. The prevalence found is higher than that reported in previous studies conducted in the country. These findings suggest the need to implement prevention campaigns and regulatory policies to ensure the safe consumption of medical drugs.