bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TIMOLOL MALEATE-LOADED NANOPARTICLES GEL BY IONIC GELATION METHOD USING CHITOSAN AND SODIUM ALGINATE
Authors: AHDYANI RISA , NOVITASARI LARAS , MARTIEN RONNY 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objectives of this study were to formulate and characterize nanoparticles gel of timolol maleate (TM) by ionic gelation method using chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA).
Methods: Optimization was carried out by factorial design using Design Expert®10.0.1 software to obtain the concentration of CS, SA, and calcium chloride (CaCl2) to produce the optimum formula of TM nanoparticles. The optimum formula was characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, Zeta potential, and molecular structure. Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) K15 was incorporated into optimum formula to form nanoparticles gel of TM and carried out in vivo release study using the Franz Diffusion Cell.
Results: TM nanoparticles was successfully prepared with concentration of CS, SA, and CaCl2 of 0.01 % (w/v), 0.1 % (w/v), and 0.25 % (w/v), respectively. The particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and Zeta potential were found to be 200.47±4.20 nm, 0.27±0.0154, 35.23±4.55 %, and-5.68±1.80 mV, respectively. The result of FTIR spectra indicated TM-loaded in the nanoparticles system. In vitro release profile of TM-loaded nanoparticles gel showed controlled release and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model was found to be the best fit for drug release kinetics.
Conclusion: TM-loaded CS/SA nanoparticles gel was successfully prepared and could be considered as a promising candidate for controlled TM delivery of infantile hemangioma treatment.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GLICLAZIDE NANOSPONGES
Authors: SOLUNKE RAHUL S. , BORGE UDAY R. , MURTHY KRISHNA , DESHMUKH MADHURI T. , SHETE RAJKUMAR V. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop and characterize an optimal stable nanosponges of Gliclazide (GLZ) by using the emulsion solvent diffusion method and aimed to increase its bioavailability and release the drug in sustained and controlled manner.
Methods: The GLZ nanosponge was prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method using different drug-polymer ratios (1:1 to 1:5) Eudragit S100 is used as a polymer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) estimated the compatibility of GLZ with polymer. All formulations evaluated for production yield, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stability studies.
Results: The DSC and FTIR Studies revealed that no interaction between drug and polymer. The Production yield of all batches in the range of 73.8±0.30 to 85.6±0.32. Batch F3 showed the highest production yield, the entrapment efficiency of batch F3 70.6±0.77. The average particle size ranges from 303±2.36 to 680±2.50 nm. By the end of 10th hour F3 formulation shown highest drug release was found to be 94.40±1.12%. The release kinetics of the optimized formulation shows zero-order drug release. The stability study indicates no significant change in the in vitro dissolution profile of optimized formulation.
Conclusion: The results of various evaluation parameters, revealed that GLZ nanosponges would be possible alternative delivery systems to conventional formulation to improve its bioavailability, the emulsion solvent diffusion method is best method for preparation of nanosponges and release the drug in sustained and controlled manner.
OPTIMIZATION OF PCL-PEG-PCL TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER MICELLES AS HYDROPHOBIC DRUG CARRIER WITH A 22 FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN
Authors: PATMAYUNI DEWI , SULAIMAN T. N. SAIFULLAH , ZULKARNAIN ABDUL KARIM 
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study aims to optimize PCL-PEG-PCL (PCEC) triblock copolymer micelles as a hydrophobic drug carrier, simvastatin (SV).
Methods: PCEC triblock copolymer was prepared by the ring-opening polymerization method (ROP) with different ɛCL/PEG ratio (2 and 5). SV was incorporated into the PCEC triblock copolymer micelles with a concentration of 2.5 and 10 % w/w by the solvent evaporation method (film formation). The influence of the ɛCL/PEG ratio and concentration of SV effect on the responses particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PI) and entrapment efficiency (EE) was assessed using 22 full factorial design method. The test results were analyzed using Design-Expert software to obtain the optimum formula.
Result: The selection of the optimum formula is based on the desirability value, the formula with the largest desirability value is chosen as the optimum formula. The results showed the optimum formula chosen had a desirability value of 0.860 consisting of a ɛCL/PEG ratio of 5 and SV concentration of 10 % w/w, with the PS, PI dan EE value was 322.1±3.51 nm, 0.471±0.09 and 87.08±1.17 %, respectively.
Conclusion: The 22 full factorial design has been proven to be used as an optimization method to determine the optimum formula of SV-loaded PCEC triblock copolymer micelles with a good result of the PS, PI and EE responses.
DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL ORAL NANOEMULSION CONTAINING GARLIC OIL
Authors: AL-SHAIBANIA ABULFADHEL JABER NEAMAH , AL-GBURIB KARRAR MOHAMMED HASAN , ALBO HAMRAHA KARRAR TALIB KHUDHAIR , ABD ALRIDHAB ALI MOHAMMED 
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study was designed to prepare and characterize oil in water (o/w) nanoemulsion of candesartan cilexetil for oral administration. Preparation of candesartan cilexetil as nanoemulsion could increase its water solubility and thus could enhance its bioavailability.
Methods: Aqueous titration method was used to construct the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of nanoemulsion (NE) consisting of oil, various weight ratios of surfactant and co-surfactant (S mix), and deionized water. Different characterization techniques were conducted on the prepared nanoemulsions to obtain the optimized formula.
Results: Characterizations of formula NE-4 (consists of 0.16% of candesartan cilexetil, 10% of garlic oil, 35 % of S mix (3:1) and 54.84% of deionized water) revealed the following characteristics: droplet size range (95-139 nm), polydispersity index (0.14), zeta potential value (-41.06 mV) and pH value (6.71), which are suitable for oral administration. Candesartan cilexetil in vitro release from this formula was significantly high (P<0.05) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) study confirmed that the optimized formula (NE-4) was in nano-scale.
Conclusion: Nanoemulsion formula 4 (NE-4) of candesartan cilexetil is the optimized formula and it could be a promising formula for improving the water solubility of candesartan cilaxetil.
APPLICATION OF NOVEL NATURAL MUCOADHESIVE POLYMER IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PENTOXIFYLLINE MUCOADHESIVE TABLETS
Authors: JOHNSELVARAJ GNANASEKARAN , BALASUBRAMANIAN ARUL , RAMALINGAM KOTHAI 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The present study was planned to develop a mucoadhesive tablet formulation of the drug pentoxifylline using natural mucoadhesive polymer from the plant Ocimum basilicum Linn.
Methods: The isolated polymer was used to formulate the mucoadhesive tablets with 3 different concentrations. The tablets were formulated by using direct compression technique and evaluated for various parameters such as thickness, friability, weight variation, hardness, mucoadhesive strength, swelling index by standard methods, and the in vitro drug release studies in USP dissolution test apparatus type-II.
Results: The swelling index was indirectly proportional to the polymer concentration and the tablets with a high concentration of polymer showed better mucoadhesive strength (28.5532±0.4660). The in vitro drug release showed that the drug release was indirectly proportional to the polymer concentration. The formulation F3 showed the controlled release of drug pentoxifylline (99.84±1.86) for 10 h. The mechanism of drug release was found to be Fickian diffusion and followed the zero-order kinetics, which was proved by its highest linearity (r2) in all the formulations.
Conclusion: The tablets formulated with the isolated polymer of Ocimum basilicum Linn showed the good mucoadhesive mucoadhesive property and it controlled the release of the pentoxifylline.
EFFECT PROCESSING VARIABLES ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ITRACONAZOLE HOLLOW MICROSPHERES
Authors: ROHILLA SURBHI , BHATT D. C. , AHALWAT SHAVETA 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The purpose of the study was to develop the multiple unit non-effervescent gastroretentive floating hollow microspheres to enhance the bioavailability of the drug by varying the concentration of low-density polymer and release modifier to retaining the formulation at its absorption site. Design of experiment approach applied to get the best possible formulation with minimum assets and experimentation.
Methods: The hollow microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion-evaporation technique using ethylcellulose as low-density polymer and Eudragit E100 as release modifier. The central composite design was used for the optimization of independent variables and was evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency, in vitro floating ability and drug release characteristics.
Results: The physicochemical analysis was done to confirm any interaction between drug and excipients. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed a smooth, spherical surface with an inner hollow cavity. The stability study proves that the hollow microspheres were more stable under different storage conditions with no significant changes in formulation. The drug release mechanism of the optimized batch can be explained by Korsmeyer Peppas model.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the hollow microspheres with a release modifying polymer offers a superior approach to retain the formulation in the stomach.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE TABLETS OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL/Β-CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEX
Authors: SALIH OMAR SAEB , HAMODDI ZAHRAA M. , TAHER SALAM S. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: Matrix tablet approach is one of the delivery systems intended for poorly water-soluble drugs like candesartan cilexetil. Candesartan cilexetil is a class II drug used for the treatment of hypertension.
Methods: Matrix tablets from (F1x to F18z) were prepared in the presence of β-cyclodextrin. Matrix tablet formulation ensures control release of the drug and higher dissolution by β-cyclodextrin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study compatibility.
Results:The angle of repose determination showed good flow for most of the formulas besides having good compressibility. Weight variation test for all formulas showed accepted value. Drug content measurement showed accepted values. Friability and hardness of tablets were within the allowed values. Higher tablet swelling was obtained for the formulas containing hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K100M (F3x and F15z) in which the ratio of the polymer was (1:1) and (1:3) respectively. In vitro release showed that F1x to F13z were studied depends on the type and amount of polymer i.e. (1:1), (1:2) and (1:3) respectively. F1x release after 8h was 95% which contain (1:1) polymer ratio in compare to F3x, which showed 85% after 8h, Which include 1:3 (drug: HPMC K100). Kinetic studies showed a zero-order model.
Conclusion: The use of β-cyclodextrin modify the release profile of the drug, and control the sustained release formulas. The lower the time of the release but in a range that a sustained release of the drug was observed in compare with the formulas prepared without β-cyclodextrin.
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MARINE SPONGE-ASSOCIATED BACTERIA AGAINST PATHOGENIC VIBRIO SPP. CAUSES VIBRIOSIS IN SHRIMPS
Authors: WAHYUDI ARIS TRI , PRIYANTO JEPRI AGUNG , WULANDARI DIAN RETNO , ASTUTI RIKA INDRI 
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study was aimed to isolate and screen marine sponge-associated bacteria producing anti-Vibrio compounds and to identify their compounds from the bacterial extract.
Methods: Sponge-associated bacteria were isolated by spread plate method. Their anti-Vibrio activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. vulnificus was determined by dual culture test. Three potential isolates were identified based on 16S-rRNA gene analysis. All isolates producing anti-Vibrio compounds was tested for their haemolytic characters in blood agar medium. Anti-Vibrio activity of the most potential isolate was also tested by using its supernatant, extract, and concentrated culture. Chemical composition of crude extract derived from that isolate was identified by GC-MS analysis.
Results: 68 bacterial isolates have been isolated from the marine sponge, Spongia sp., Svenzea sp., Ircinia sp., and Igernella sp. Of 68 isolates, 15 (22%) isolates had anti-Vibrio activities in various spectra against three Vibrio species, including V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. All isolates producing anti-Vibrio compounds were non-haemolytic. Bacterial isolates coded as D6.6, D6.19, and P4.17 have broad spectra. They could inhibit at least two Vibrio species as indicated by the clear zone formed around bacterial colonies. Based on 16S-rRNA, these isolates were closely related (similarity ≥ 99%) to Brevibacterium casei strain M Sw oHS, Bacillus altitudinis strain FJAT 47750, and Bacillus altitudinis strain PgBe190, respectively. D6.6 isolate was the most potential isolate, which could inhibit three Vibrio species. Consistently, its anti-Vibrio activity also confirmed by their supernatant, concentrated culture, and crude extract of that isolate. The crude extract derived from this isolate contained 10 major compounds that are biologically active.
Conclusion: This study suggests that 15 bacteria strains isolated from marine sponges were potentially could inhibit Vibrio’s growth in vitro. These isolate could be further explored as anti-Vibrio agent.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT ON PEFR AMONG SMOKERS AND PASSIVE SMOKERS–A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: B. GANESH PANDIAN , P. SIREESHA , NG. YEN PING , G. SUSMITHA , T. SAM AASEER 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to monitor the intensity and difference in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) between smokers and passive smokers.
Methods: A total of 1000 participants were enrolled in two groups as smokers and passive smokers who are living closely with smokers. Their PEFR values were measured with Wright’s mini peak flow meter. The influence of smoking on the lung function among smokers and passive smokers were assessed with a suitable statistical test.
Results: Among the study participants, most of the smokers were in the age group of 31 to 60 and 31 to 50 in passive smokers. Based on the lung function smokers (31%) and passive smokers (19.2%) were in the red zone, PEFR was decreased in both smokers as well as passive smokers, and the magnitude of decline was higher in passive smoking elderly individuals. The impact of passive smoking was significantly observed in all the categories of smoking history they are living with.
Conclusion: Smokers and passive smokers have equally deleterious effects on PEFR. Where passive smoking emerged as the main variable to influence airway obstruction in smokers that caused a greater reduction in PEFR.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND RP-HPLC METHODS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF HYDROQUINONE, HYDROCORTISONE AND TRETINOIN TERNARY MIXTURE IN TOPICAL FORMULATION
Authors: JAMAL MARWA K. AL , GAZY AZZA A. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: Development and validation of spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC methods for the simultaneous determination of Hydroquinone (HQ), Hydrocortisone (HC) and Tretinoin (TRT) ternary combination in pharmaceutical preparation.
Methods: The proposed spectrophotometric method was able to determine TRT directly from its absorption spectrum at 362 nm, however, HQ and HC from their first derivative spectra at 284 nm and 252 nm, respectively, without any separation step. The RP-HPLC method was developed using a C18 Sunfire© waters column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: phosphate buffer (adjusted to pH 6.1 using ortho-phosphoric acid) in the ratio of 30:70 %, v/v, respectively at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Quantification was based on measuring peak areas at 260 nm.
Results: The spectrophotometric method was able to selectively quantify each of HQ, HC and TRT in the ranges of 10-50 µg/ml, 2-10 µg/ml and 0.5-5 µg/ml, respectively. The RP-HPLC method was able to produce well-resolved peaks after 3.0, 8.2 and 20.2 min, in the ranges of 2-10 µg/ml, 0.1-1 µg/ml and 0.05-2 µg/ml, for HQ, HC and TRT, respectively. The obtained A, D1 or peak areas values plotted against the concentration of each of the three components showed linear response in the stated ranges. Both methods were validated in terms of linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy and selectivity.
Conclusion: Both developed proposed methods were applied for the determination of the active ingredients in the pharmaceutical formulation and the common excipients did not interfere in the analysis. The RP-HPLC method proved to be more sensitive when compared to the applied spectrophotometric method. However, the applied spectrophotometric methods, considered as green analytical chemistry, is a simple, time-saving method that requires minimal use of a hazardous solvent.
The SYNTHESIS, SCREENING OF NOVEL 1-SUBSTITUTED-3-(4-OXO-2-PHENYLQUINAZOLIN-3(4H)-YL) UREA AND THIOUREA ANALOGUES AS POTENT ANTIBACTERIALS
Authors: DHOKALE SANDHYA R. , THAKAR SNEHAL R. , BANSODE DEEPALI A. , MAHADIK KAKASAHEB R. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The proposed study is an attempt to determine antibacterial activity of synthesized novel 1-substituted-3-(4-oxo-2-phenylquinazolin-3(4H)-yl) urea and thiourea analogues as potent antibacterials against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria.
Methods: The present study reports new series of 1-substituted-3-(4-oxo-2-phenylquinazolin-3(4H)-yl) urea and thiourea derivatives as potent antibacterial agents. Reagents used in the present study were of synthetic grade and solvents were used after distillation. Novel quinazolinone analogues were synthesized by considering substitution pattern, characterization of the synthesized analogues was performed using various techniques like Thin layer chromatography, Melting point, Infrared spectroscopy, Proton NMR spectrometry and Mass spectrometry. TLC of the synthesized analogues was carried out by using (toluene: methanol in the ratio 2:1), melting point was found by open capillary method, IR spectrum was recorded on JASCO V-530, 1H NMR was recorded on Bruker Avance Spectrometer and Mass spectra were obtained from G6460A, triple quadrupole/MS/MS system. In vitro antibacterial activity was performed against S. aureus and E. coli.
Results: Six derivatives of quinazolinone analogues were synthesized. The structures of 1-substituted-3-(4-oxo-2-phenylquinazolin-3(4H)-yl) urea and thiourea derivatives were confirmed by physical and spectral analysis. Synthesized molecules showed Rf of 0.45-0.80 in toluene: methanol mobile phase, melting point was carried out by open capillary method and were in range of 90-210 ° C, IR spectrum was recorded in range of 14000-400 cm-1and showed characteristic peaks of NH and of C-O-NH, 1H NMR of the compounds was distinct to confirm structures with delta values in the range of 7.53-11.960, Mass spectra proved parent peaks of synthesized compounds confirming molecular weight. The compounds were assayed for antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli using ciprofloxacin as standard. The synthesized analogues have shown good yield and comparable antibacterial.
Conclusion: The present study delivers a convenient and efficient protocol for the quinazolinone analogues synthesis.
TRATAMENTO ORTO-CIRÚRGICO DE LATERO-DESVIO MANDIBULAR: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Magalhães de Andrade Ian 
Published: November 2019

RESUMO A assimetria facial é uma anomalia que ocorre entre partes homólogas da face, que pode gerar diversas alterações na harmonia facial e problemas funcionais, como dificuldade mastigatória. Essas alterações podem causar grandes prejuízos psicossociais ao indivíduo que possui esse tipo de anormalidade dentofacial. Dentre as opções terapêuticas, a que mais se destaca é a cirurgia ortognática pois produz resultados previsíveis e com boa estabilidade a longo prazo. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente portadora de látero-desvio mandibular e importante assimetria facial, apresentando o resultado alcançado com a cirurgia ortognática bimaxilar e discutir a literatura especializada. Palavras-chave: Cirurgia ortognática; Látero-desvio mandibular; Ortodontia. ABSTRACT Facial asymmetry is an abnormality that occurs between homologous parts of the face, which can generate several changes in facial harmony and functional problems, as masticatory difficulty. These changes can cause great psychosocial damage to the individual who has this type of dentofacial abnormality. Among the therapeutic options, the most common is orthognathic surgery, because produces predictable results with good long-term stability. The aim of the present study is to report the clinical case of a patient with mandibular lateral deviation and an important facial asymmetry, presenting the result achieved with bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and discuss the specialized literature. Key words: Ortognatic surgery; Mandibular lateral deviation; Orthodontics
REABILITAÇÃO TOTAL IMEDIATA MAXILO-MANDIBULAR COM PRÓTESE FIXA SOBRE IMPLANTES COM CONCEITO ALL-ON-FOUR: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Martins da Silva Frederico 
Published: November 2019

RESUMOCaracterizada por ser uma das mais documentadas formas de reabilitação de dentição completa sobre implantes, a reabilitação com próteses tipo protocolo híbrida, compreende uma infraestrutura metálica associada a uma sobrestrutura em resina, tendo atualmente cerca de 40 anos de acompanhamento da efetividade da técnica. Com o aumento da expectativa de vida das populações, espera-se o aumento da prevalênia do edentulismo completo. Esse aumento gera uma maior necessidade desse tipo de tratamento restaurador e uma consequente melhora da forma de alcançar esse objetivo. O trabalho em questão, busca relatar um caso de cirurgia e função imediata, maxilo-mandibular, incluindo o planejamento clínico, fotográfico e radiográfico. Foi feita a cirurgia de instalação de 8 implantes, sendo 4 do tipo hexágono externo(HE) no arco superior e 4 hexágono interno(HI) inferior. Foram utilizadas angulações distais nos implantes mais posteriores de ambos arcos, compensados com minipilares angulados, diminuindo o cant-lever sobre a porção posterior das próteses. Processeguiu-se à moldagem com guia multifuncional durante o trans-operatório, e a carga foi feita sobre a prótese provisória com 7 dias de cicatrização, utilizando cilindros provisórios para mini-pilar. O tratamento foi considerado um sucesso, por parte dos profissionais e da paciente, imediatamente, prosseguindo para a etapa de confeccção da prótese definitiva após 6 meses de osseo-integração e função dos implantes.