bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of rolipram on endotoxic cardiac dysfunction via inhibition of the inflammatory response in cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: Ji Jingjing , Liu Zhifeng , Hong Xinxin , Liu Zheying , Gao Jinghua , Liu Jinghua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac fibroblasts, regarded as the immunomodulatory hub of the heart, have been thought to play an important role during sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC). However, the detailed molecular mechanism and targeted therapies for SIC are still lacking. Therefore, we sought to investigate the likely protective effects of rolipram, an anti-inflammatory drug, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory responses in cardiac fibroblasts and on cardiac dysfunction in endotoxic mice.MethodCardiac fibroblasts were isolated and stimulated with 1 μg/ml LPS for 6 h, and 10 μmol/l rolipram was administered for 1 h before LPS stimulation. mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in fibroblasts and their protein concentrations in supernatant were measured with real-time PCR (rt-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The expression of dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), an endogenous negative regulator that inactivates MAPK-mediated inflammatory pathways, was also measured by rt-PCR and western blotting. DUSP1-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to examine the specific role of DUSP1. To evaluate the role of rolipram in vivo, an endotoxic mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg LPS, and 10 mg/kg rolipram was intraperitoneally injected 1 h before LPS injection. mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines and DUSP1 in heart, inflammatory cell infiltration and cardiac function were all examined at 6 h after LPS injection.ResultsThe results showed that LPS could increase the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and decrease the transcription and expression of DUSP1 in cardiac fibroblasts. However, rolipram pretreatment significantly reversed the LPS-induced downregulation of DUSP1 and inhibited LPS-induced upregulation and secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 but not IL-1β. Moreover, DUSP1-targeted siRNA experiments indicated that the protective effect of rolipram on inflammatory response was specific dependent on DUSP1 expression. Moreover, rolipram could further reduce inflammatory cell infiltration scores as shown by pathological analysis and increase the ejection fraction (EF) detected with echocardiography in the hearts of endotoxic mice.ConclusionsRolipram could improve endotoxin-induced cardiac dysfunction by upregulating DUSP1 expression to inhibit the inflammatory response in cardiac fibroblasts, which may be a potential treatment for SIC.
Temporal and spatial trends of ischemic heart disease burden in Chinese and subgroup populations from 1990 to 2016: socio-economical data from the 2016 global burden of disease study
Authors: Wang Chenran , Wang Chunping , Liu Mi , Chen Zhe , Liu Shiwei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of premature death which poses public health challenges worldwide. Previous studies focused on the overall population in China. However, variations in temporal and spatial patterns across subgroups remain unknown. This study was to analyze how the IHD burden among Chinese and subgroup populations changes in response to temporal and spatial trends from 1990 to 2016.

Methods
Based on data from the updated estimate in the 2016 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we used years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to describe the IHD burden. The percentage and annual average percentage changes were applied to illustrate temporal and spatial variations of the IHD burden stratified by age, sex, and province, over the periods 1990–2016, 1990–2005, and 2005–2016. We estimate population-attributable fraction (PAF) for 24 modifiable risk factors at the provincial level in 2016.

Results
YLD rates, YLL rates, and DALY rates for IHD underwent a notable increase among all age groups and increased by 119.4, 83.3, and 84.5% nationally from 1990 to 2016. In YLD rates, a greater increase was seen in females (124.4%) compared to males (114.0%), while males experienced a more substantial increase than that in females in YLL rates (99.3% vs. 60.5%) and DALY rates (99.7% vs. 63.2%) from 1990 to 2016. Compared with 1990–2005, annual average changes in the overall population in YLL rates (3.5% vs. 1.8%) and DALY rates (3.5% vs. 1.9%) showed a tardier increase whereas an opposite increasing trend of YLD rates (3.5% vs. 4.0%) was observed between 2005 and 2016. Geographically, all provinces saw declines in the YLLs/YLDs ratio from 2005 to 2016, with seventeen of thirty-three provinces showing an upward trend between 1990 and 2005. Most provinces witnessed a remarkable upsurge in the age-standardised DALY rate from 1990 to 2016 whereas the economically advantaged region Macao (52.2%) saw the most marked reduction. High systolic blood pressure and high LDL cholesterol remained the two leading risk factors of IHD in all provinces in 2016. Diet high in sodium was the leading behavioral risks in twenty-eight provinces with smoking heading the list in five provinces.

Conclusions
China has made significant achievements in preventing premature death from IHD along with the increased risk of disability. Substantial disparities in temporal and spatial trends of the IHD burden emphasize concerns for elderly men and those in economically disadvantaged regions with resource constraints. Regional differences in the IHD burden can be partly explained by modifiable risk factors. By having identified these disparities, targeted IHD prevention and control strategies will help to bridge these gaps.
Re-engaging an inactive cohort of young adults: evaluating recruitment for the Kidskin Young Adult Myopia Study
Authors: Lingham Gareth , Mackey David A. , Seed Nicola , Ryan Lisa , Milne Elizabeth , Lucas Robyn M. , Franchina Maria , Lee Samantha Sze-Yee , Yazar Seyhan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent changes in communication technologies, including increased reliance on mobile phones and the internet, may present challenges and/or opportunities to re-engaging inactive study cohorts. We evaluate our ability to recruit participants for the Kidskin Young Adult Myopia Study (KYAMS), a follow-up of the Kidskin Study.

Methods
KYAMS participants were recruited from the Kidskin Study, a sun exposure-intervention study for 5–6 year-olds running from 1995 to 1999 with most recent follow-up in 2005. From 2015 to 2019, the KYAMS used mail-outs, phone calls and social media to contact Kidskin Study participants. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with successful contact of a Kidskin Study participant or family member and KYAMS participation.

Results
Of 1695 eligible participants, 599 (35.5%) participants (or a family member) were contacted and 303 (17.9%) participated in the KYAMS. KYAMS participation was more likely in those who participated in the 2005 follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 5.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.67–7.06) and had a mobile phone number on record (OR = 2.25, CI: 1.57–3.23). Of those contacted, participants who were the first point of contact (OR = 4.84, CI: 2.89–8.10) and who were contacted by letter in the first (OR = 6.53, CI: 3.35–12.75) or second (OR = 5.77, CI: 2.85–11.67) round were more likely to participate in the KYAMS, compared to contact by landline phone.

Conclusions
We recruited approximately one-fifth of Kidskin Study participants for the KYAMS. Participants were more likely to participate in the KYAMS if they were contacted directly, rather than through a family member, and if they were contacted by invitation letter.

Trial registration
ACTRN12617000812392.
Use of partitioned GMM marginal regression model with time-dependent covariates: analysis of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study
Authors: Vazquez-Arreola Elsa , Xue Dan , Wilson Jeffrey R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Elderly population’s health is a major concern for most industrial nations. National health surveys provide a measure of the state of elderly health. One such survey is the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. It collects data on risk factors and outcomes on the elderly. We examine these longitudinal survey data to determine the changes in health and to identify risk factors as they impact health outcomes including the elderly’s ability to do a physical check.

Methods
We use a Partitioned GMM logistic regression model to identify risk factors. The model also accounts for the correlation between lagged time-dependent covariates and the outcomes. It addresses present and past measures of time-dependent covariates on simultaneous outcomes. The relation produces additional regression coefficients as byproduct of the Partitioned model, identifying the immediate, delayed effects (lag − 1), further delayed (lag-2), etc. Therefore, the model presents the opportunity for decision makers to monitor the covariate over time. This technique is particularly useful in healthcare and health related research. We use the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey data to identify those risk factors and to display the utility of the model.

Results
We found that one’s ability to make own decisions, frequently consuming vegetables, exercise frequently, one’s ability to transfer without assistance, having visual difficulties and being able to pick book from floor while standing had varying effects of significance on one’s health and ability to complete physical checks as they get older.

Conclusions
The partitioning of the covariates as immediate effect, delayed effect or further delayed effect are important measures in a declining population.
Intestinal fistula accompanied by recurrent peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis: a case report
Authors: Shao Qiuyuan , Xia Yangyang , Zhang Qingyan , Zhang Miao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Intestinal perforation from peritoneal dialysis is rare, but the resulting complications are serious. Some patients do not necessarily have symptoms, and it can be difficult to differentiate their condition from PD-related (peritoneal dialysis-related) peritonitis, which may lead to misdiagnosis. Here we report a peritoneal dialysis patient with intestinal fistula associated with recurrent peritonitis.

Case presentation
A 44-year-old man had been treated for more than 6 years with peritoneal dialysis for chronic kidney disease stage-V. Abdominal computed tomography and electronic colonoscopy revealed an appendiceal fossa with adjacent fistula. The peritoneal dialysis catheter was removed, and the patient recovered with no recurrence of complications.

Conclusion
We report a case of a rare complication of peritoneal dialysis. The intestinal fistula in this patient was mainly caused by recurrent peritonitis and removal of the catheter could control the peritonitis.
Utilization of a new technology of 3D biliary CT for ERCP-related procedures: a case report
Authors: Toki Masao , Tateishi Hidekatsu , Yoshida Tsubasa , Gondo Koichi , Watanabe Shunsuke , Hisamatsu Tadakazu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is still performed using two-dimensional (2D) X-ray images. The success rate and risk of complications are considered operator-dependent. We explored performing an ERCP-related procedure with 3D-computed tomography (CT) biliary imaging for preoperative simulation and intraoperative reference in a patient with malignant biliary obstruction.

Case presentation
The patient was a 66-year-old man who underwent rectal resection and postoperative chemotherapy for rectal cancer. A liver metastasis caused obstructive jaundice and acute cholangitis, necessitating emergency hospitalization. A 3.5 cm mass in the hilar region of the biliary tree caused type IV biliary obstruction according to the Bismuth-Corlette classification of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. ERCP and biliary drainage were performed repeatedly, but had no effect. Given that selective bile duct drainage had proven extremely difficult with the conventional procedures, three-dimensional (3D) images were created from preoperative CT image data using a 3D image reconstruction system (SYNAPSE VINCENT version 5, FUJIFILM Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Using the 3D images for preoperative planning and intraoperative reference, biliary drainage and stent placement were successfully performed without complications. Postoperatively, the patient had no further cholangitis or need for stent replacement up to his death.

Conclusions
We report the first case of an ERCP-related procedure with 3D biliary imaging for preoperative simulation and intraoperative reference in a patient with malignant biliary obstruction. The 3D image reconstruction is useful for preoperative planning and could contribute to an increased success rate, decreased complications, a shorter operation time, and reduced radiation exposure to the operator.
Suspected Aripiprazole-induced neutropenia in a geriatric patient: a case report
Authors: Torrico Tyler , Kiai Nakisa , Meza Carlos , Salam Md Towhid , Abdijadid Sara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Aripiprazole, a third-generation antipsychotic medication, has been used to treat a range of psychiatric disorders. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s prescribing information, the most common adverse reactions in adult patients in clinical trials (≥10%) were nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache, dizziness, akathisia, anxiety, and insomnia. While hematological adverse effects may occur with aripiprazole, there is very limited information in the published literature on such adverse outcomes.

Case presentation
A 68-year-old Caucasian male with treatment resistant depression was hospitalized for suicidal ideation. The patient developed neutropenia after aripiprazole was introduced as an augmentation agent. The neutropenia was reversible with discontinuation of the medication.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, we describe the first case report of suspected neutropenia-induced by aripiprazole use in a geriatric patient. While hematological adverse reactions are rare, we recommend adding CBC to the standard adverse systemic reaction monitoring of antipsychotic medications, particularly among the elderly.
A retrospective study on Xpert MTB/RIF for detection of tuberculosis in a teaching hospital in China
Authors: Li Shuguang , Lin Liyan , Zhang Feifei , Zhao Chunjiang , Meng Han , Wang Hui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is an automated molecular test that is designed to simultaneously detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex and rifampin resistance. However, there are relatively few studies on this method in China. Xpert has been routinely used at Peking University People’s Hospital (PKUPH) since November 2016. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Xpert, and provide a reference and guidance for the detection and diagnosis of TB in non-TB specialized hospitals.

Methods
The medical records of inpatients simultaneously tested with Xpert, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy, and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA, by T-SPOT®.TB) at PKUPH from November 2016 to October 2018 were reviewed. Active TB cases were considered according to a composite reference standard (CRS). Then, the three methods were evaluated and compared.

Results
In total, 787 patients simultaneously tested with Xpert, AFB, and IGRA were enrolled; among them 11.3% (89/787) were diagnosed and confirmed active pulmonary TB (PTB, 52 cases), extrapulmonary TB (EPTB, 17 cases), and tuberculous pleurisy (TP, 20 cases). The sensitivity of Xpert in detecting PTB, EPTB, and TP was 88.5, 76.5, and 15.0%, respectively, which was slightly lower than IGRA (96.2, 82.4, and 95.0%, respectively), but higher than AFB (36.5, 11.8, and 0%, respectively); IGRA showed the highest sensitivity, but its specificity (55.9, 67.1, and 45.2%, respectively) was significantly lower than Xpert (99.6, 99.4, and 100%, respectively) and AFB (99.0, 99.4, and 100%, respectively) (P < 0.001). The sensitivity of Xpert in detecting lung tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, lymph nodes, and joint fluid was 100%, followed by sputum (88.5%), alveolar lavage (85.7%), and bronchoscopy secretion (81.2%); the pleural fluid sensitivity was the lowest, only 15.0%. For AFB negative patients, the sensitivity of Xpert in detecting PTB, EPTB, and TP was 84.9, 73.3, and 15.0%, respectively.

Conclusions
Xpert showed both high sensitivity and high specificity, and suggested its high value in TB diagnosis; however, the application of pleural fluid is still limited, and should be improved. Owing to the high sensitivity of IGRA, it is recommended for use as a supplementary test, especially for assisting in the diagnosis of TP and EPTB.
Prevalence and risk factors related to poor outcome of patients with severe Plasmodium vivax infection: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and analysis of case reports
Authors: Kotepui Manas , Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar , Milanez Giovanni De Jesus , Masangkay Frederick Ramirez 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPlasmodium vivaxrarely develops severe complications when compared to severe falciparum malaria. However, severe vivax malaria also needs urgent, intensive care and treatment as severe falciparum malaria. This systematic review aimed to explore pooled prevalence of severe vivax malaria and to identify factors related to poor outcome of patients who developed severe manifestation.MethodsThe systematic review conducted by two reviewers independently through searching of research publications related to severeP. vivaxmalaria in three databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science (ISI), and Scopus until October, 22 2019. The pooled prevalence of severe vivax malaria was achieved using STATA and RevMan 5 Software. Factors related to poor outcome of patients with severe vivax malaria were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 Software.ResultsAmong 2615 research publications retrieved from three databases, 49 articles reporting on 42,325 severity cases were selected for calculating pooled prevalence. Seventy-six patients from case reports, case series, letter to editors, and research communications were collected to identify factors related to poor outcome of patients with severe vivax malaria. The results showed that severe anemia, jaundice, respiratory distress, impaired consciousness, and renal failure were the most common major manifestations of severe malaria guided by the World Health Organization (WHO) criterion. The meta-analysis indicated that severe malaria was less frequent in patient withP. vivaxcompared to those withP. falciparum(P-value < 0.00001, OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.25–0.56, I2 = 87%). In addition, thrombocytopenia, anemia, hepatitis, and severe thrombocytopenia were the most common minor complications. Analysis of cases indicated that convulsion, respiratory distress, renal failure, jaundice, anuria/oliguria, and complication during treatment impacted on longer hospital stays compared to other severe complications (P-value < 0.05). Respiratory distress was frequently found after first treatment with anti-malarial drugs (P-value = 0.002). Renal failure was frequently found before treatment with anti-malarial drugs (P-value = 0.016). Mean days of fever and higher pulse rates at presentation were predictors of poor outcome among patients with severe vivax malaria (P-value < 0.05).ConclusionsSevere anemia was the most common major manifestation ofP. vivaxmalaria guided by the WHO criterion. Severe anemia was found less frequently in patients withP. vivaxthan those withP. falciparum. Renal failure, jaundice, anuria/oliguria, and complication during treatment along with, mean days of fever and higher pulse rates at presentation might be predictors of poor outcome of patients with severe vivax malaria.
Successful bedaquiline-containing antimycobacterial treatment in post-traumatic skin and soft-tissue infection by Mycobacterium fortuitum complex: a case report
Authors: Erber Johanna , Weidlich Simon , Tschaikowsky Tristan , Rothe Kathrin , Schmid Roland M. , Schneider Jochen , Spinner Christoph D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Mycobacterium fortuitum complex is a group of rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) associated with skin and soft-tissue infections after surgery or trauma. Treatment of NTM is challenging, due to resistance to multiple antimycobacterial agents. Bedaquiline is a diarylquinoline that inhibits mycobacterial ATP-synthase. The drug has recently been approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and evidence of its in vitro efficacy against NTM, including Mycobacterium fortuitum complex, has been published.

Case presentation
A 20-year-old Caucasian woman with chronic skin and soft tissue infection in the lower leg following a traffic accident in Vietnam underwent a tedious journey of healthcare visits, hospital admissions, empiric antimicrobial treatments, surgical debridement and plastic reconstruction before definite diagnosis of Mycobacterium fortuitum complex-infection was established by culture from a tissue biopsy and targeted antimycobacterial therapy was administered. Histopathological examination revealed granulomatous purulent inflammation, which strongly supported the diagnosis. Genotypic identification was performed and broth microdilution for susceptibility testing showed macrolide resistance. Five weeks of induction treatment with intravenous amikacin, imipenem / cilastin, and oral levofloxacin was administered, followed by all-oral treatment with bedaquiline combined with levofloxacin for four months, which was well-tolerated and led to persistent healing with scars but without signs of residual infection.

Conclusions
Bedaquiline is a promising novel agent for NTM treatment, although clinical data are limited and trials evaluating efficacy, safety, and resistance of bedaquiline are required. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful in vivo use of bedaquiline for a skin and soft tissue infection caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum complex.
Identification of Kosakonia cowanii as a rare cause of acute cholecystitis: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Berinson Benjamin , Bellon Eugen , Christner Martin , Both Anna , Aepfelbacher Martin , Rohde Holger 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Kosakonia cowanii, formerly known as Enterobacter cowanii, is a Gram-negative bacillus belonging to the order Enterobacterales. The species is usually recognized as a plant pathogen and has only anecdotally been encountered as a human pathogen. Here we describe the rare case of a K. cowanii infection presenting as an acute cholecystitis and provide a review of available literature. Evident difficulties in species identification by biochemical profiling suggests that potentially, K. cowanii might represent an underestimated human pathogen.

Case presentation
A 61-year old immunocompromised man presented to the hospital with fever and pain in the upper right abdomen. Sonography revealed an inflamed gall bladder and several gall stones. A cholecystectomy proved diagnosis of an acute cholecystitis with a partial necrosis of the gall bladder. Surgical specimen grew pure cultures of Gram-negative rods unambiguously identified as K. cowanii by MALDI-TOF, 16S-rRNA analysis and whole genome sequencing.

Conclusions
Reporting cases of Kosakonia species can shed light on the prevalence and clinical importance of this rare cause of human infection. Our case is the first to describe an infection without prior traumatic inoculation of the pathogen from its usual habitat, a plant, to the patient. This raises the question of the route of infections as well as the pathogen’s ability to colonize the human gut.