bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy of pulmonary surfactant in respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Qiu Caihong , Ma Cui , Fan Nana , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zheng Guofeng 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThe comparative efficacy of pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants and to provide an evidence-based reference for clinical use.Material and methodsMEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials databases were electronically searched from inception to January 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature and extracted data, and then R and RevMan 5.3 software packages were used to perform network meta-analysis.ResultsThe relative risk of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants associated with six different pulmonary surfactant was analysed, including beractant (Survanta), surfactant A (Alveofact), calfactant (Infasurf), poractant (Curosurf), lucinactant (Surfaxin), and colfosceril (Exosurf). Patients with the following drugs appeared to have significantly reduced mortality of respiratory distress syndrome compare with beractant: surfactant A (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31–0.90), calfactant (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85–0.97), poractant (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.67–0.77), lucinactant (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71–0.90), and colfosceril (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–0.99). The SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking) values for each of the drugs were: beractant (8.9%), surfactant A (93.8%), calfactant (40.3%), poractant (65.4%), lucinactant (59.8%), and colfosceril (31.6%).ConclusionsCompared with beractant, other pulmonary surfactants are more effective to reduce the mortality of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Surfactant A drugs appeared to have the best efficacy in reducing mortality of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants.
The interrelationship of bone and cardiovascular remodeling biomarkers and clinical peculiarities of coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women
Authors: Mykhailovska Natalia Serhiivna , Stetsiuk Iryna Olehivna , Kulynych Tamila Olehivna , Gorbachova Svitlana Vasylivna , Zhulkevych Igor Valentynovych 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionTo investigate the interrelationship between bone and cardiovascular remodeling biomarkers and some clinical, laboratory and instrumental parameters of coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women.Material and methodsThe double open cross-sectional monocentric clinical study in parallel groups involved 115 women in the postmenopausal period with coronary artery disease (CAD): stable exertional angina of functional class (FC) II–III (mean age 67.07 ±0.92 years). Depending on the bone mineral density (BMD) state, all patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (n = 24) – patients with normal BMD (T-criterion more than 1 SD); group 2 (n = 34) – patients with osteopenia (T-criterion from –1 SD to –2.5 SD); group 3 (n = 44) – patients with osteoporosis (T-criterion less than –2.5 SD). The selected control group consisted of 12 relatively healthy women of the corresponding age. All patients underwent cardiovascular and bone remodeling biomarkers’ assessment, lipid profile tests, daily monitoring of ECG by Holter, two-dimensional echocardiography and pulsed-wave Doppler. Intima-media complex (IMC) measurement, ultrasound densitometry, and the FRAX algorithm were performed.ResultsIn women with coronary artery disease and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO), there was a significant increase in the level of bone osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin and vascular remodeling biomarkers (VEGF-A, homocysteine) in parallel with the progression of BMD disorders. The existence of a correlative dependence between osteoprotegerin level and the 10-year risk of fracture of the radial bone (r = 0.46; p < 0.05) was discovered. A probable interrelationship between the OPG, osteocalcin, VEGF-A and homocysteine level and decrease of the T-criterion was observed. An interrelationship between the bone and cardiovascular remodeling biomarkers and atherogenic dyslipidemia, diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, dilatation of the left atrium, thickening of the intima-media complex, arrhythmic complications and vegetative imbalance development was proved (p < 0.05), which confirms their clinical and pathogenic role in patients with CAD and PMO.ConclusionsThe results obtained prove the existing interrelationship of bone and cardiovascular remodeling biomarkers with the state of bone mineral density and clinical peculiarities of coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women.
Reaching 1.5 and 2.0 °C global surface temperature targets using stratospheric aerosol geoengineering
Authors: Tilmes Simone , MacMartin Douglas G. , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , van Kampenhout Leo , Muntjewerf Laura , Xia Lili , Harrison Cheryl S. , Krumhardt Kristen M. , Mills Michael J. , Kravitz Ben , Robock Alan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. A new set of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering (SAG) model experiments has been performed with Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM6) that are based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) overshoot scenario (SSP5-34-OS) as a baseline scenario to limit global warming to 1.5 or 2.0 ∘C above 1850–1900 conditions. The overshoot scenario allows us to applying a peak-shaving scenario that reduces the needed duration and amount of SAG application compared to a high forcing scenario. In addition, a feedback algorithm identifies the needed amount of sulfur dioxide injections in the stratosphere at four pre-defined latitudes, 30∘ N, 15∘ N, 15∘ S, and 30∘ S, to reach three surface temperature targets: global mean temperature, and interhemispheric and pole-to-Equator temperature gradients. These targets further help to reduce side effects, including overcooling in the tropics, warming of high latitudes, and large shifts in precipitation patterns. These experiments are therefore relevant for investigating the impacts on society and ecosystems. Comparisons to SAG simulations based on a high emission pathway baseline scenario (SSP5-85) are also performed to investigate the dependency of impacts using different injection amounts to offset surface warming by SAG. We find that changes from present-day conditions around 2020 in some variables depend strongly on the defined temperature target (1.5 ∘C vs. 2.0 ∘C). These include surface air temperature and related impacts, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which impacts ocean net primary productivity, and changes in ice sheet surface mass balance, which impacts sea level rise. Others, including global precipitation changes and the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, depend strongly on the amount of SAG application. Furthermore, land net primary productivity as well as ocean acidification depend mostly on the global atmospheric CO2 concentration and therefore the baseline scenario. Multi-model comparisons of experiments that include strong mitigation and carbon dioxide removal with some SAG application are proposed to assess the robustness of impacts on societies and ecosystems.
Coastal impacts of Storm Gloria (January 2020) over the north-western Mediterranean
Authors: Amores Angel , Marcos Marta , Carrió Diego S. , Gómez-Pujol Lluís 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The ocean component and coastal impacts of Storm Gloria, which hit the western Mediterranean between 20 and 23 January 2020, are investigated with a numerical simulation of the storm surges and wind waves. Storm Gloria caused severe damages and beat several historical records, such as significant wave height or 24 h accumulated precipitation. The storm surge that developed along the eastern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, reaching values of up to 1 m, was accompanied by wind waves with a significant wave height of up to 8 m. Along the coasts of the Balearic Islands, the storm footprint was characterised by a negligible storm surge and the impacts were caused by large waves. The comparison to historical records reveals that Storm Gloria is one of the most intense among the events in the region during the last decades and that the waves' direction was particularly unusual. Our simulation permits quantification of the role of the different forcings in generating the storm surge. Also, the high spatial grid resolution down to 30 m over the Ebro Delta allows determination of the extent of the flooding caused by the storm surge. We also simulate the overtopping caused by high wind waves that affected a rocky coast of high cliffs (∼15 m) on the eastern coast of Mallorca.
“Trains of Misery”: Repatriate Voices and Responses in Northern Mexico during the Great Depression
Authors: Gutiérrez Laura D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring the Great Depression, hundreds of thousands of Mexican migrants and Mexican Americans left the United States for Mexico. Some hoped they could escape the economic crisis in the United States, while others were forced to leave their homes. For many who traveled via train as part of repatriation campaigns, they had no home or community in Mexico to return to or found themselves stranded in towns and cities along railway routes. In these regions in northern Mexico, resentment against returning migrants intensified as repatriates were increasingly viewed as economic and social disturbances.This article uses letters sent to Mexican presidents from repatriates and from local residents in northern Mexico, newspapers, and oral histories to argue for a deeper analysis of the various stages of forced removal. To better understand the devastating consequences of repatriation as forced removal, we must also look at the methods of transportation used to move migrants and how they shape the emotional, economic, and political ramifications of expulsion.
“The Freedom of Jail”: Women, Detention, and the Expansion of Immigration Governance along the US–Mexico Border, 1903–1917
Authors: Menchaca Celeste R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article traces the contours of immigrant detention along the US-Mexico border between 1903 and 1917. Underfunded and undersized, privately owned but federally managed immigration stations and detention facilities forced government agencies to consider where to hold an increasing number of detained immigrant women. While debate arose over which detention location allowed the most “freedom,” some women suffered verbal, physical, and sexual abuse during their incarceration. This article draws upon US Bureau of Immigration annual and investigative reports, testimony, leasing agreements, and correspondence to argue that gender was a driving force in the construction of detention rooms and facilities along the border after 1903.
Anticipatory behaviour in animals: A critical review
Authors: Anderson C , von Keyserlingk MAG , Lidfors LM , Weary DM 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA number of studies have investigated anticipatory behaviour in animals as a measure of sensitivity to reward or as an expression of emotional state. A common feature of many studies is that they base inferences on seemingly arbitrary measures, for example, the frequency of behavioural transitions (ie number of times an animal switches between different behaviours). This paper critically reviews the literature and discusses various hypotheses for why specific behavioural responses occur in the anticipatory period between the signal and reward in conditioned animals. We argue that the specific behaviours shown may be the result of superstitious learning and thus highly variable, leaving behavioural transitions as the only response that can be scored consistently, and that sometimes these responses may relate more to frustration than to a positive emotional state. Finally, we propose new research approaches to avoid potential confounds and improve future studies on this topic.
Impact des contextes économique et organisationnel des entreprises sur le sens du travail chez les salariés
Authors: Bruyère Mireille , Lizé Laurence 
Published: July 2020

Cet article propose d’établir des liens entre le sens du travail chez les salariés et les contextes économique et organisationnel dans lequel ils travaillent. Cet environnement économique est marqué, notamment, par la montée des relations donneurs d’ordre/sous-traitants, une gestion plus flexible de la production ou de l’emploi et la financiarisation des entreprises. Selon nos hypothèses, ces transformations agissent sur les conditions de travail et, de ce fait, sur le sens que les individus peuvent accorder à leurs tâches. Ce sens peut varier à la hausse comme à la baisse.
Cette étude exploite deux bases de données françaises : tout d’abord, l’Enquête Conditions de travail 2013 réalisée auprès de 6724 salariés, rattachés à 5496 établissements. Ensuite, chaque établissement a été apparié à des données macro-sectorielles de l’Insee (Base ESANE-FARE, en évolution entre 2008 et 2012), afin de disposer d’informations sur l’évolution de ratios qui caractérisent les dynamiques productives actuelles, comme le taux de marge ou la financiarisation du capital des entreprises. À l’aide de questionnaires auprès des salariés, quatre conditions du sens du travail ont été identifiées et, ensuite, mesurées par quatre scores. Il s’agit de l’utilité, l’autonomie, la pression temporelle et les relations dans le collectif de travail. Ce sont les variations de ces scores que nous cherchons à expliquer. Par une analyse multiniveau, nous pouvons mesurer l’impact du contexte organisationnel (niveau 2) et du contexte macro-sectoriel des entreprises (niveau 3) sur ces quatre conditions du sens du travail.
Les résultats montrent comment l’organisation du travail dans les établissements et la financiarisation des entreprises influencent le sens du travail chez les salariés. De plus, nous avons observé que le sens de cet impact dépend beaucoup de la position de l’établissement dans la chaîne de valeur.
Formation à l’égalité femmes-hommes par le théâtre d’entreprise : une analyse de saynètes
Authors: Montargot Nathalie , Redon Gaëlle 
Published: July 2020

Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser la formation à la diversité par le théâtre d’entreprise en se centrant sur le thème de l’égalité femmes/hommes dans le monde professionnel. Il se focalise sur la première phase de la prestation théâtrale, à savoir les saynètes de formation sur catalogue, jouées par des comédiens-formateurs. Ces dernières exposent les situations d’inégalités femmes/hommes au travail, afin de préparer la seconde phase formatrice qui porte sur les stéréotypes, l’analyse des comportements exposés et les possibles remédiations.
La problématique de recherche est centrée sur la façon dont le théâtre d’entreprise représente les inégalités femmes/hommes au travail dans les saynètes introduisant leur formation à la diversité. Pour y répondre, une méthodologie qualitative a été choisie et celle-ci permet de comprendre les mécanismes à l’oeuvre dans les formations théâtrales qui servent de support aux politiques de gestion à la diversité dans les organisations. Il apparaît, notamment, que ces formations se concentrent sur certaines dimensions de l’égalité femmes/hommes, le plus souvent dans un but de mise en conformité avec la loi, omettant en cela de prendre en compte plusieurs facettes du phénomène d’inégalité.
Cette recherche montre le mode de fonctionnement du théâtre fondé sur un idéal-type et l’exposition de situations, basées sur les différentes barrières rencontrées par les femmes. Bien qu’il constitue un outil de formation et de sensibilisation original, seul, il n’est pas suffisant pour saisir toute la complexité du phénomène en oeuvre et mener à un changement des comportements. Il apparait donc important dans de futures recherches de mieux appréhender le processus de formation et de procéder à une mesure longitudinale de l’apport du théâtre dans la formation à l’égalité femmes-hommes.
L’adéquation formation-emploi : concepts et pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines
Authors: Michaud Renée , Bernier Amélie , Ben Mansour Jamal 
Published: July 2020

L’adéquation formation-emploi a fait couler beaucoup d’encre au cours des dernières années, car elle présente des défis importants auxquels tant les entreprises que les pouvoirs publics cherchent à répondre. Il s’agit d’une notion polysémique que l’on doit s’assurer de bien cerner parce que la littérature regorge d’une multitude de vocables et de mesures utilisés pour décrire les situations d’inadéquation formation-emploi et d’écarts observés dans le marché du travail.
Cette recherche vise à contribuer à la littérature et aux débats actuels sur cette importante question de diverses manières. Notre article poursuit trois objectifs. D’abord, nous clarifions le concept d’adéquation formation-emploi et distinguons trois situations : l’adéquation, la surcompétence et la sous-compétence. Deuxièmement, nous identifions les pratiques favorisant l’adéquation entre les compétences des employés et les postes occupés. Pour y parvenir, nous retenons l’approche ‘configurationnelle’ en vertu de laquelle un groupe cohérent de pratiques mises en oeuvre simultanément influence la performance. Dans un troisième temps, nous proposons des éléments de réflexion pour les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) en matière d’adéquation formation-emploi.
Notre article utilise les données d’une recherche subventionnée dans laquelle nous avons mené une enquête téléphonique auprès des responsables de la gestion des ressources humaines de 376 PME québécoises manufacturières. Les résultats obtenus, à l’aide de l’analyse des classes latentes et des régressions logistiques, montrent que sept pratiques forment un regroupement cohérent et que les entreprises ayant constaté des cas d’inadéquation (surcompétence ou sous-compétence) ont davantage tendance à implanter ces sept pratiques afin de corriger la situation. En conclusion, des recommandations sont formulées pour l’ensemble des PME québécoises.
Newcomers as Potential Drivers of Union Revitalization: Survey Evidence from Belgium
Authors: Vandaele Kurt 
Published: July 2020

Most people tend to join mainstream trade unions for instrumental motives and not so much for ideological reasons. This instrumentalism, together with the passivity of most union members, endangers members’ union loyalty and their willingness to act collectively. One possible way to de-emphasize the traditional model of service-oriented unionism and strengthen union commitment is to involve members in small union tasks. By partially assigning day-to-day union work to lay members, it is believed that over-stretched union representatives will be able to assign more time to implementing union policies of strategic importance.
The article examines to what extent new union members are willing to voluntarily engage in union tasks inspired by organizing unionism. To test this empirically, an e-survey was conducted among first-time members of a Belgian union. Predominantly young, the respondents had been members of the union for maximum of seven years. Belgium is an interesting case for exploring how member-union ties can be boosted, as it is a quintessential example of a country with a high union density characterized by instrumental and passive membership.
Following the deletion of cases with missing data, 518 observations are available for analysis. The dependent variable measures the organizing-oriented activism intent based on union tasks reflecting one-on-one organizing tactics for reaching out to potential members. A critical mass of 41.3% new members is (greatly) interested in at least one task. The regression results show that two variables derived from the planned behaviour theory significantly influence organizing-based union tasks: the pro-union context and behavioural self-control, with the latter in particular a very strong antecedent. Apart from the finding that a larger membership base is interested in performing organizing-oriented tasks, the results also, support a developmental view on union activism, i.e. a step-by-step approach to stimulating union activism via introducing various levels of union participation.
An International History of Coalminers’ Actions to Voice Resistance to the Appropriation of their Safety and Health, 1870-1925
Authors: Walters David , Quinlan Michael 
Published: July 2020

This paper seeks to explore the history of miners’ struggles to represent their interests in health and safety in coalmines in a range of countries in the period between 1870 and 1925. It has two objectives, the first objective being to examine these struggles both in terms of what determined them and how effective they were. The second objective is to assess the significance of these struggles for current understandings of representative participation in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS).
Starting with late 19th century Australia, the research method involved search, retrieval and analysis of historical sources including newspaper accounts, recorded testimony to Commissions of Inquiry into mining incidents and disasters, records of the debates of the legislature on relevant regulatory reforms and records of trade union meetings, as well as the accounts of contemporary observers and published analysis.
Extending its inquiry to other countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, France and Belgium, the methods used for these countries were less focused on newspaper accounts and more reliant on the analysis of published historical records of national and international trade union congresses, and those of the legislatures of these countries, as well as theses and accounts in the research literature. In combination, these sources corroborate one another and provide rich qualitative data, the analysis of which has achieved both research objectives.
As well as filling an important gap in the literature on the development of worker involvement in OHS, this paper shows that coalminers’ struggles and strategies for workers to have a say in their health and safety, and the contexts that shaped them are both instructive and important in understanding current experiences.
Tower to Tower
Authors: Steiner Henriette , Veel Kristin 
Published: July 2020

A cultural history of gigantism in architecture and digital culture, from the Eiffel Tower to the World Trade Center.
The gigantic is everywhere, and gigantism is manifest in everything from excessively tall skyscrapers to globe-spanning digital networks. In this book, Henriette Steiner and Kristin Veel map and critique the trajectory of gigantism in architecture and digital culture—the convergence of tall buildings and networked infrastructures—from the Eiffel Tower to One World Trade Center. They show how these two forms of gigantism intersect in the figure of the skyscraper with a transmitting antenna on its roof, a gigantic building that is also a nodal point in a gigantic digital infrastructure.
Steiner and Veel focus on two paradigmatic tower sites: the Eiffel Tower and the Twin Towers of the destroyed World Trade Center (as well as their replacement, the One World Trade Center tower). They consider, among other things, philosophical interpretations of the Eiffel Tower; the design and destruction of the Twin Towers; the architectural debates surrounding the erection of One World Trade Center on the Ground Zero site; and such recent examples of gigantism across architecture and digital culture as Rem Koolhaas's headquarters for China Central TV and the phenomenon of the “tech giant.” Examining the cultural, architectural, and media history of these towers, they analyze the changing conceptions of the gigantism that they represent, not just as physical structures but as sites for the projection of cultural ideas and ideals.