bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Referential Montage Inadequately Localizes Corticocortical Evoked Potentials in Stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Dickey Adam S. , Alwaki Abdulrahman , Kheder Ammar , Willie Jon T. , Drane Daniel L. , Pedersen Nigel P. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Corticocortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) resulting from single pulse electrical stimulation are increasingly used to understand seizure networks, as well as normal brain connectivity. However, we observed that when using depth electrodes, traditional measures of CCEPs amplitude using a referential montage can be falsely localizing, often to white matter.

Methods:
We pooled 27 linear electrode arrays targeting the amygdala, hippocampus, or cingulate cortex from eight participants. Using postoperative imaging, we classified contacts as being in gray matter, white matter, or bordering each and measured the amplitude using the root-mean-squared deviation from baseline in a referential, common average, bipolar, or Laplacian montage.

Results:
Of 27 electrode contacts, 25 (93%) had a significantly higher mean amplitude when in gray matter than in white matter using a Laplacian montage, which was significantly more than the 12 of 27 electrodes (44%) when using a referential montage (P = 0.0003, Fisher exact test). The area under the curve for a receiver operating characteristic classifying contacts as gray or white matter was significantly higher for either the Laplacian (0.79) or the bipolar (0.72) montage when compared with either the common average (0.56) or the referential (0.51) montage (P ≤ 0.005, bootstrap).

Conclusions:
Both the Laplacian and bipolar montages were superior to the common average or referential montage in localizing CCEPs to gray matter. These montages may be more appropriate for interpreting CCEPs when using depth electrodes than the referential montage, which has typically been used in prior studies of CCEPs with subdural grids.
Electroencephalographic Seizures in Emergency Department Patients After Treatment for Convulsive Status Epilepticus
Authors: Zehtabchi Shahriar , Silbergleit Robert , Chamberlain James M. , Shinnar Shlomo , Elm Jordan J. , Underwood Ellen , Rosenthal Eric S. , Bleck Thomas P. , Kapur Jaideep 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
It is unknown how often and how early EEG is obtained in patients presenting with status epilepticus. The Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial enrolled patients with benzodiazepine-refractory seizures and randomized participants to fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, or valproate. The use of early EEG, including frequency of electrographic seizures, was determined in Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial participants.

Methods:
Secondary analysis of 475 enrollments at 58 hospitals to determine the frequency of EEG performed within 24 hours of presentation. The EEG type, the prevalence of electrographic seizures, and characteristics associated with obtaining early EEG were recorded. Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were calculated as appropriate for univariate and bivariate comparisons. Odds ratios are reported with 95% confidence intervals.

Results:
A total of 278 of 475 patients (58%) in the Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial cohort underwent EEG within 24 hours (median time to EEG: 5 hours [interquartile range: 3–10]). Electrographic seizure prevalence was 14% (95% confidence interval, 10%–19%; 39/278) in the entire cohort and 13% (95% confidence interval, 7%–21%) in the subgroup of patients meeting the primary outcome of the Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial (clinical treatment success within 60 minutes of randomization). Among subjects diagnosed with electrographic seizures (39), 15 (38%; 95% confidence interval, 25%–54%) had no clinical correlate on the video EEG recording.

Conclusions:
Electrographic seizures may occur in patients who stop seizing clinically after treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. Clinical correlates might not be present during electrographic seizures. These findings support early initiation of EEG recordings in patients suffering from convulsive status epilepticus, including those with clinical evidence of treatment success.
Antecedents of pro-environmental behavior of supply chain managers: an empirical study
Authors: Rasheed Ayesha , Aslam Haris , Rashid Kamran 
Published: December 2020

PurposeSupply chain (SC) managers influence firms in incorporating green behavior throughout the value chain in functions such as purchasing, production, distribution and transportation. In this study, we aim to understand the antecedents of pro-environmental behavior (PEB) in SC managers.Design/methodology/approachWe develop a research model hypothesizing a direct role of SC managers' private green behaviors, subjective norms, personal and organizational barriers as factors influencing the manager's pro-environmental intentions. We also analyze the impact of these intentions on actual behavior. We surveyed managers working in the SC of manufacturing firms in a developing country and tested the research model using structural equation modeling.FindingsOur results indicate that SC managers' personal barriers significantly influence intentions to act pro-environmentally and these intentions then predict their actual behavior. However, SC managers' private green behaviors do not spill over to their workplace. Furthermore, the study shows that organizational-level barriers and subjective norms may reverse green intentions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the research literature by identifying the role of organizational, personal and social factors in modifying the SC managers' intentions. It provides useful insights into how these factors affect the behavior of SC managers. Thus, we extend prior work in the area of PEB to the SC environment.
War by other means at the extractive frontier: the violence of reconstruction in ‘post‐war’ Peru
Authors: Sarmiento Barletti Juan Pablo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article examines the meeting of local and national reconstruction priorities in the wake of Peru's internal war (officially, 1980‐2000). I focus on the impact of the state's extractivism‐led agenda on indigenous Asháninka people's projects of remaking themselves into Asháninka sanori (‘real Asháninka people’). Taking an Asháninka sanori‐centred analysis of their experience of war and post‐war violence, I propose an approach to understanding the impact of mainstream reconstruction efforts on survivors that centres on the latter's articulations of personhood. This approach, possible through ethnographic engagement, sets anthropology at the forefront of the necessary rethinking of mainstream reconstruction interventions to foster approaches that are supportive of survivors’ priorities. The article explores a continuum of violence through war and extractivism that is undoing the networks of relations through which a group of survivors constitute themselves as people and communities and set their aspirations for the future.
Development, implementation and evaluation of a process to recognise and reduce aggression and violence in an Australian emergency department
Authors: Senz Ainslie , Ilarda Elisa , Klim Sharon , Kelly Anne‐Maree 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn 2018, we developed and implemented a novel approach to recognition and response to occupational violence and aggression (OVA). It included routine use of the Brøset Violence Checklist for all ED patients integrated with a score‐based notification and response framework. The present study evaluated the impact of the new process on staff knowledge, perceptions and confidence regarding OVA in ED and the rate of security events related to OVA.MethodsThe present study was conducted in a metropolitan hospital ED in Australia. Evaluation was by online before and after survey of nursing staff, point prevalence study of risk classification and comparison of OVA‐related events involving security in the year before implementation and the year after the programme was embedded.ResultsOne percent of patients were assessed as high violence risk with a further 4% at moderate risk. The introduction of the Brøset Violence Checklist increased documentation of violence risk assessment. It also improved staff perception of organisational support and awareness of behaviours associated with the risk of violence. There was a statistically significant reduction in unplanned OVA‐related security responses (relative risk 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.62–0.89). There was also a statistically significant shift to proactive management through early detection and intervention (relative risk 2.22, 95% confidence interval 1.85–2.66).ConclusionA process including routine OVA risk assessment and a notification and response framework reduced unplanned security events due to OVA and increased staff confidence in recognition and management of OVA. This approach may be suitable for use more broadly in ED.
Waist circumference‐to‐height ratio and body mass index for obesity classification in Irish children
Authors: Mitchell Lachlan , Bel‐Serrat Silvia , Heinen Mirjam , Mehegan John , Murrin Celine , O’Brien Sarah , Stanley Isobel , Kelleher Cecily 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimWaist circumference‐to‐height ratio (WHt) has been proposed as an alternative measure to BMI due to its focus on central weight distribution and its basic threshold for increased cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to compare prevalence of overweight including obesity using BMI and WHt, and assess 10‐year trends of WHt prevalence, in a representative sample of Irish children.MethodsChildren measured during rounds 2–5 of the Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (n = 20037) were classified as healthy weight or overweight including obesity (International Obesity Task Force age and sex BMI cut‐offs), and low or high WHt (WHt ≥ 0.5). Differences in prevalence of BMI and WHt classifications were determined for round five in younger (<9 years) and older (≥9 years) children. The prevalence of high WHt was assessed across rounds.ResultsDifferences in prevalence between overweight including obesity and high WHt were apparent in younger (BMI: 16.7%, WHt: 8.9%; p < .001) and older (BMI: 21.3%, WHt: 12.1%; p < .001) children. An inverse trend for prevalence of high WHt was identified across rounds (p < .001).ConclusionBMI overestimates overweight including obesity prevalence compared to WHt. Given its ease of use, consideration of the WHt as an additional measure in childhood surveillance and screening is warranted.
Causal inference in high dimensions: A marriage between Bayesian modeling and good frequentist properties
Authors: Antonelli Joseph , Papadogeorgou Georgia , Dominici Francesca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe introduce a framework for estimating causal effects of binary and continuous treatments in high dimensions. We show how posterior distributions of treatment and outcome models can be used together with doubly robust estimators. We propose an approach to uncertainty quantification for the doubly robust estimator, which utilizes posterior distributions of model parameters and (1) results in good frequentist properties in small samples, (2) is based on a single run of a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, and (3) improves over frequentist measures of uncertainty which rely on asymptotic properties. We consider a flexible framework for modeling the treatment and outcome processes within the Bayesian paradigm that reduces model dependence, accommodates nonlinearity, and achieves dimension reduction of the covariate space. We illustrate the ability of the proposed approach to flexibly estimate causal effects in high dimensions and appropriately quantify uncertainty. We show that our proposed variance estimation strategy is consistent when both models are correctly specified, and we see empirically that it performs well in finite samples and under model misspecification. Finally, we estimate the effect of continuous environmental exposures on cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Caregiver experiences of developmental screening
Authors: Traube Dorian E. , Palmer Molina Abigail , Taylor Amanda , Kemner Allison , Shah Lindsey , Rau Angela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has called for a universal system of developmental screening and surveillance to enhance early detection and intervention for children. While the need and potential impact of universal screening is well documented, recent reports show that screening rates have not reached expected goals and gaps remain in terms of effective follow‐up and referral to early intervention (EI) services. Few studies have explored parent and child experiences of developmental screening, which would aid researchers, practitioners and policymakers in improving early detection and referral to EI. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the experiences of caregivers and children who received developmental screening across different service sectors, including the type of screening received, location of screening, experiences during the screening process and the follow‐up interventions received following screening.MethodsIndividual interviews were conducted with 31 caregivers. A descriptive qualitative design allowed for the exploration of caregiver experiences with developmental screening. Thematic analysis was utilized to categorize caregiver reflections prior to, during and following developmental screening events.ResultsAnalysis revealed five themes that described caregivers' experiences with screening and assessment for their child: (1) parent's goals of screening; (2) screening preparation and support; (3) parent/child response to screening; (4) result reporting and follow‐up; (5) overall satisfaction with screening process. Each theme was composed of several subthemes.ConclusionsCaregivers see the importance of developmental screening, caregivers and children respond well to screening delivered by various providers in multiple settings and caregivers find the information gleaned from screening events important in planning for their child's developmental trajectory. Key places where improvements can be made to further bolster parental engagement and satisfaction include screening preparation and follow‐up.
Caries experience among adults in core Sámi areas of Northern Norway
Authors: Bongo Ann‐Kristine Sara , Brustad Magritt , Jönsson Birgitta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesDental caries is a major oral health problem among indigenous people worldwide, but knowledge on this issue among the indigenous Sámi people in Norway is scarce. The aim of the study was to describe dental caries experience in an adult population in core Sámi areas of Northern Norway and to assess the corresponding associations with socio‐demographic, socioeconomic and oral health‐related behavioural factors.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study is based on data from the Dental Health in the North study (2033 participants aged 18‐75 years). A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio‐demographic, socioeconomic and oral health‐related behavioural factors. Clinical examinations were performed by dentists and dental hygienists at Public Dental Service (PDS) clinics in core Sámi areas of Northern Norway.ResultsAbout 68% (n = 1380) of participants reported Sámi ethnicity, and the mean number of decayed (D), missed (M) and filled (F) teeth (T) was 16.2 (standard deviation [SD] = 6.7). The mean DMFT was 15.7 (SD = 6.7) among Sámi and 17.0 (SD = 6.7) among non‐Sámi. The mean DT among Sámi was 1.0 (SD = 1.6), with a significant, higher prevalence among coastal Sámi (DT = 1.3, SD = 1.8) than inland Sámi (DT = 0.8, SD = 1.5). Living in the coastal region, consumption of sugary soft drinks several times a week or daily, toothbrushing less than daily and irregular dental visits were associated with DT.ConclusionsCaries experience among adults in core Sámi areas of Northern Norway was common. Dental caries were more common in the coastal than the inland region, with minor differences in caries experience between Sámi and non‐Sámi people within these regions.
Thyroid scintigraphy in the era of fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Pirola Ilenia , Di Lodovico Elena , Casella Claudio , Pezzaioli Letizia , Facondo Paolo , Ferlin Alberto , Lombardi Davide , Cappelli Carlo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate whether thyroid scintigraphy would alter the clinical management of patients referred for fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNA).MethodsWe reviewed the medical and imaging records of patients referred to our Department between 2016 and 2019. All the patients had to take a serum thyrotropin test administered in our hospital at least two months before the FNA; where the TSH level was ≤1.5 mIU/L, the patients were subjected to a scan and subsequently to FNA, where indicated. We selected only healthy patients with no previous history of thyroid disease, who were not taking any drugs and who had a TSH level of ≤1.5 mIU/L. We excluded patients with multinodular goitre.ResultsA total of 176 patients were analysed. A total of 67/176 patients (38%) showed a serum of TSH ≤ 0.27 mIU/L. Scintigraphy identified a hot nodule in 142 lesions (80.7%), a warm nodule in 8 lesions (4.5%) and a cold nodule in 26 lesions (14.8%). The ROC curve analysis indicated that a TSH value of ≤0.42 mIU/L identified patients with hyperfunctioning nodules with a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 77%. All patients with cold and warm nodules were submitted to FNA: 22/26 (85%) and 5/8 (63%) lesions showed suspected malignancy or were compatible with malignancy, respectively.ConclusionSpeculating on our data, if we had subjected our patients to FNA as indicated by the 2015 ATA guidelines, we would have subjected 117 patients to cytology, from whom 83 had undetected hot nodules. Conversely, by adopting scintigraphy for all patients with TSH ≤ 1.5 mIU/L, 109 patients have avoided FNA. However, our study was performed in a region with a history of mild iodine deficiency. Therefore, we cannot claim that our observation is valid for patients born and living in areas with sufficient iodine uptake. We recommend thyroid scintigraphy for treating single thyroid nodules in euthyroid patients born and living in regions with an iodine deficiency, when TSH levels are below 1.5 mIU/L before FNA.
Marimbondos: systematics, biogeography, and evolution of social behaviour of neotropical swarm‐founding wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini)
Authors: Noll Fernando B. , da Silva Marjorie , Soleman Raduan A. , Lopes Rogério B. , Grandinete Yuri C. , Almeida Eduardo A. B. , Wenzel John W. , Carpenter James M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeotropical swarm‐founding wasps are divided into 19 genera in the tribe Epiponini (Vespidae, Polistinae). They display extensive variation in several colony‐level traits that make them an attractive model system for reconstructing the evolution of social phenotypes, including caste dimorphism and nest architecture. Epiponini has been upheld as a solid monophyletic group in most phylogenetic analyses carried out so far, supported by molecular, morphological and behavioural data. Recent molecular studies, however, propose different relationships among the genera of swarm‐founding wasps. This study is based on the most comprehensive epiponine sampling so far and was analyzed by combining morphological, nesting and molecular data. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis shows many of the traditional clades but still impacts the way certain behavioural characters, such as nest structure and castes, evolved, and thus requires some re‐interpretations.Angiopolybiaas sister to the remaining Epiponini implies that nest envelopes and a casteless system are plesiomorphic in the tribe. Molecular dating points to an early tribal diversification during the Eocene (c. 55–38 Ma), with the major differentiation of current genera concentrated in the Oligocene/Miocene boundary.
Clinical findings and history of bone loss at implant sites
Authors: Berglundh Jessica , Romandini Mario , Derks Jan , Sanz Mariano , Berglundh Tord 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to evaluate whether clinical findings at implant sites are relevant as screening tests for a history of marginal bone loss.Material and Methods427 patients provided with implant‐supported reconstructions 9 years earlier were evaluated clinically (probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP)) and radiographically. A history of bone loss was confirmed through baseline documentation. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic curves and multi‐level regression analyses. Results were expressed as sensitivity/specificity, area under the curve, and odds ratios.ResultsWhile the sensitivity of PPD in regard to bone loss was low, specificity was generally high. Multi‐level modeling revealed that each additional millimeter of PPD corresponded to an additional bone loss of 0.30 mm (95% CI 0.27; 0.33). The sensitivity of BOP in regard to bone loss >2 mm was 80.9% (95% CI 73.9; 86.7), while the specificity was 42.2% (95% CI 39.6; 44.8).ConclusionsClinical parameters at implant sites obtained at a single time point were associated with a history of marginal bone loss. While BoP demonstrated a high level of sensitivity, the sensitivity of PPD was generally low. The present data suggest that BoP is a relevant screening test for history of bone loss.
Laparoscopic retrojejunal trans‐mesenteric anastomosis for extended left‐sided colorectal resections – a new solution to an old problem
Authors: Seow‐En Isaac , Ke Tao‐Wei , Chang Sheng‐Chi , Chen William Tzu‐Liang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimFollowing extended left‐sided colorectal resection, creation of the anastomosis can be challenging due to insufficient length of the remaining proximal and distal bowel. Retroileal pull‐through and the Deloyers procedure are feasible but require ligation of the middle colic vessels and additional right colonic mobilization. The aim of this study was to describe our initial experience with an alternative technique for performing tension‐free anastomosis following minimally invasive left‐sided resection.MethodThis was a retrospective case series of all patients who underwent a retrojejunal trans‐mesenteric pull‐through following elective laparoscopic left‐sided colorectal surgery between September 2019 and September 2020. Placing the retrojejunal window 15–20 cm distal to the duodenojejunal junction allows the transverse colon to pass via the most direct route through the base of the proximal jejunal mesentery to the distal colon or rectal stump instead of passing over the small bowel, yielding additional length for the anastomosis. An accompanying video demonstrates this technique for three different case scenarios.ResultsSeven consecutive patients underwent this approach following colorectal resection; three had inherently shorter left colons, two had synchronous left‐sided tumours and two had inadvertent intraoperative marginal artery injury. There were no anastomotic complications or early postoperative morbidity related to the mesenteric window. The additional time taken for the procedure ranged from 5 to 35 min. The risk of complications related to extended left‐sided resections may possibly be reduced, although further studies are required to evaluate this.ConclusionRetrojejunal trans‐mesenteric pull‐through is a novel, but straightforward, safe and useful option for reducing tension in laparoscopic left‐sided colorectal anastomoses.