bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vortons with Abelian and non-Abelian currents and their stability
Authors: Tallarita Gianni , Peterson Adam , Bolognesi Stefano , Bedford Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe explore vorton solutions in the Witten’s $$U(1) \times U(1)$$U(1)×U(1) model for cosmic strings and in a modified version $$U(1) \times SO(3)$$U(1)×SO(3) obtained by introducing a triplet of non-Abelian fields to condense inside the string. We restrict to the case in which the unbroken symmetry in the bulk remains global. The vorton solutions are found numerically for certain choices of parameters and compared with an analytical solutions obtained in the thin vorton limit. We also discuss the vorton decay into Q-rings (or spinning Q-balls) and, to some extent, the time dependent behavior of vortons above the charge threshold.
Fluid dynamics study of the $$\varLambda $$ polarization for Au + Au collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$$ GeV
Authors: Xie Yilong , Wang Dujuan , Csernai Laszlo Pal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith a Yang–Mills field, stratified shear flow initial state and a high resolution ($$3+1$$3+1)D particle-in-cell relativistic (PICR) hydrodynamic model, we calculate the $$\varLambda $$Λ polarization for peripheral Au + Au collisions at RHIC energy of $$\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$$SNN=200 GeV. The obtained longitudinal polarization in our model agrees with the experimental signature and the quadrupole structure on transverse momentum plane. It is found that the relativistic correction (2nd term), arising from expansion and from the time component of the thermal vorticity, plays a crucial role in our results. This term is changing sign and exceeds the first term, arising from the classical vorticity. Finally, the global polarization in our model shows no significant dependence on rapidity, which agrees with the experimental data. It is also found that the second term flattens the sharp peak arising from the classical vorticity (1st term).
Global multiplicity bounds and spectral statistics for random operators
Authors: Mallick Anish , Maddaly Krishna 
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we consider Anderson type operators on a separable Hilbert space where the random perturbations are finite rank and the random variables have full support on [Formula: see text]. We show that spectral multiplicity has a uniform lower bound whenever the lower bound is given on a set of positive Lebesgue measure on the point spectrum away from the continuous one. We also show a deep connection between the multiplicity of pure point spectrum and local spectral statistics, in particular, we show that spectral multiplicity higher than one always gives non-Poisson local statistics in the framework of Minami theory.In particular, for higher rank Anderson models with pure point spectrum, with the randomness having support equal to [Formula: see text], there is a uniform lower bound on spectral multiplicity and in case this is larger than one, the local statistics is not Poisson.
Sizing the U.S. student cohort for computer science
Authors: Guzdial Mark 
Published: January 2020

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Communications
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Mark Guzdial considers indicators that U.S. K-12 students will study computer science.
L-type calcium channel contributions to intrinsic excitability and synaptic activity during basolateral amygdala postnatal development
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Garcia Esperanza , Sack Anne-Sophie , Snutch Terrance P. 
Published: January 2020

The amygdala contributes toward emotional processes such as fear, anxiety, and social cognition. Furthermore, evidence suggests that increased excitability of basolateral amygdala (BLA) principal neurons underlie certain neuropsychiatric disorders. Gain-of-function mutations in neuronal L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) are linked to neurodevelopmental diseases, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). While LTCCs are expressed throughout the BLA, direct evidence for increased LTCC activity affecting BLA excitability and potentially contributing to disease pathophysiology is lacking. In this study, we utilized a pharmacological approach to examine the contributions of LTCCs to BLA principal cell excitability and synaptic activity at immature (postnatal day 7, P7) and juvenile (P21) developmental stages. Acute upregulation of LTCC activity in brain slices by application of the agonist ( S)-Bay K 8644 resulted in increased intrinsic excitability properties including firing frequency response, plateau potential, and spike-frequency adaptation selectively in P7 neurons. Contrastingly, for P21 neurons, the main effect of ( S)-Bay K 8644 was to enhance burst firing. ( S)-Bay K 8644 increased spontaneous inhibitory synaptic currents at both P7 and P21 but did not affect evoked synaptic currents at either stage. ( S)-Bay K 8644 did not alter P7 spontaneous excitatory synaptic currents, although it increased current amplitude in P21 neurons. Overall, the results provide support for the notion that alteration of LTCC activity at specific periods of early brain development may lead to functional alterations to neuronal network activity and subsequently contribute to underlying mechanisms of amygdala-related neurological disorders. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The role of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) in regulating neuronal electrophysiological properties during development remains unclear. We show that in basolateral amygdala principal neurons, an increase of LTCC activity alters both neuronal excitability and synaptic activity. The results also provide evidence for the distinct contributions of LTCCs at different stages of neurodevelopment and shed insight into our understanding of LTCC dysfunction in amygdala-related neurological disorders.
Breast Cancer Cell–Derived Soluble CD44 Promotes Tumor Progression by Triggering Macrophage IL1β Production
Authors: Jang Jeong-Hoon , Kim Do-Hee , Lim Jae Min , Lee Joon Won , Jeong Su Jin , Kim Kwang Pyo , Surh Young-Joon 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

IL1β is a central regulator of systemic inflammatory response in breast cancer, but the precise regulatory mechanisms that dictate the overproduction of IL1β are largely unsolved. Here, we show that IL1β secretion is increased by the coculture of human monocyte–like cells and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. In addition, macrophages robustly produced IL1β when exposed to the conditioned media of TNBC cells. Consistent with these observations, macrophage depletion decreased serum IL1β and reduced breast cancer progression in an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model. Profiling the secretome of human breast cancer cells revealed that the CD44 antigen was the most differentially released protein in basal conditions of TNBC cells. Antibody-mediated neutralization of CD44 abrogated IL1β production in macrophages and inhibited the growth of primary tumors. These results suggest IL1β-mediated oncogenic signaling is triggered by breast cancer cell membrane–derived soluble CD44 (sCD44) antigen, and targeting sCD44 antigen may provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment by modulating inflammatory tumor microenvironment.

Significance:
A novel positive feedback loop between IL1β and CD44 promotes TNBC malignant progression.
A Prospective Analysis of Circulating Plasma Metabolites Associated with Ovarian Cancer Risk
Authors: Zeleznik Oana A. , Eliassen A. Heather , Kraft Peter , Poole Elizabeth M. , Rosner Bernard A. , Jeanfavre Sarah , Deik Amy A. , Bullock Kevin , Hitchcock Daniel S. , Avila-Pacheco Julian , Clish Clary B. , Tworoger Shelley S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer has few known risk factors, hampering identification of high-risk women. We assessed the association of prediagnostic plasma metabolites (N = 420) with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, including both borderline and invasive tumors. A total of 252 cases and 252 matched controls from the Nurses' Health Studies were included. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI), comparing the 90th–10th percentile in metabolite levels, using the permutation-based Westfall and Young approach to account for testing multiple correlated hypotheses. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA; n = 10 metabolite modules) and metabolite set enrichment analysis (n = 23 metabolite classes) were also evaluated. An increase in pseudouridine levels from the 10th to the 90th percentile was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of overall ovarian cancer (OR = 2.56; 95% CI, 1.48–4.45; P = 0.001/adjusted P = 0.15); a similar risk estimate was observed for serous/poorly differentiated tumors (n = 176 cases; comparable OR = 2.38; 95% CI, 1.33–4.32; P = 0.004/adjusted P = 0.55). For nonserous tumors (n = 34 cases), pseudouridine and C36:2 phosphatidylcholine plasmalogen had the strongest statistical associations (OR = 9.84; 95% CI, 2.89–37.82; P &lt; 0.001/adjusted P = 0.07; and OR = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03–0.35; P &lt; 0.001/adjusted P = 0.06, respectively). Five WGCNA modules and 9 classes were associated with risk overall at FDR ≤ 0.20. Triacylglycerols (TAG) showed heterogeneity by tumor aggressiveness (case-only heterogeneity P &lt; 0.0001). The TAG association with risk overall and serous tumors differed by acyl carbon content and saturation. In summary, this study suggests that pseudouridine may be a novel risk factor for ovarian cancer and that TAGs may also be important, particularly for rapidly fatal tumors, with associations differing by structural features.Significance:Pseudouridine represents a potential novel risk factor for ovarian cancer and triglycerides may be important particularly in rapidly fatal ovarian tumors.
Correlation between the Incidence and Attributable Mortality Fraction of Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Komaru Yohei , Inokuchi Ryota , Iwagami Masao , Matsuura Ryo , Hamasaki Yoshifumi , Nangaku Masaomi , Doi Kent 
Published: January 2020

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) as diagnosed by international standardized criteria as well as its mortality has undergone extreme variations. Although AKI is a significant worsening mortality factor, a higher prevalence may lead to better patient management, thereby lowering mortality. We investigated the correlation between AKI incidence and its associated mortality. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a systematic review of studies on AKI reporting its incidence and mortality. Literature searches were performed in ­MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, within the time frame of 2004–2018. Studies with small number of participants (&#x3c;500 for adult cohorts, 50 for pediatric cohorts) were excluded. The correlation among AKI incidence, mortality, and AKI-attributable fraction of mortality was evaluated using a regression model. The trend test was used to analyze the effect of publication year and country gross domestic product (GDP). <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 4,694 manuscripts were screened, from which 287 cohorts were eligible (adults: 203 cohorts comprising 7,076,459 patients; children: 84 comprising 69,677 patients). Within adult cohorts, AKI patients’ mortality increased (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.023, β = 0.12, <i>p</i> = 0.03) but the attributable fraction of mortality decreased (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.27, β = –0.43, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) with the increasing AKI incidence. Both more recent publications and higher GDP countries had a lower crude AKI patients’ mortality, although AKI-attributable fraction did not decrease. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Cohorts with high AKI incidence had a relatively low AKI-attributable mortality fraction, which suggests an advantage of more experienced AKI management. Further study is needed, however, to address the heterogeneity of included cohorts and to confirm the causality. (Registered in prospective register of systematic reviews database; CRD 42019129322.)
Reinaldo Arenas, crítico literario
Authors: Sousa Pacelli Dias Alves de 
Published: January 2020

Mariel Revista de Literatura y Arte fue una publicación editada por exiliados cubanos entre 1983 y 1985, con edición conmemorativa en 2003, entre Miami y Nueva York, por Reinaldo Arenas, Juan Abreu y García Ramos. La revista fue el principal portavoz de la Generación Mariel, grupo de escritores que salieron de Cuba por el puerto de Mariel, en 1980. Una de las secciones de la revista, titulada "Confluencias", se dedicó a la publicación de textos considerados (o pertenecientes a escritores) ignorados por la política cultural cubana que, a su vez, aparecian acompañados de ensayos críticos escritos por los marielitos para colaborar a una "correcta apreciación". El objetivo del trabajo es analizar algunos textos escritos por Reinaldo Arenas en la dicha sección, archivo crítico de un momento crítico de la cultura cubana en el siglo XX.
Eduardo Galeano e os jogos de linguagem
Authors: Miranda Heloisa Helena Ribeiro de , Reis Célia Maria 
Published: January 2020

A história, em seu estatuto de ciência, compõe-se como um gênero narrativo. A literatura, expressão artística, está naturalmente implicada na história, que a constitui como gênero produzido pelo homem, imerso na temporalidade. O “ponto-zero”, que marca o antes e o depois entre a história e a literatura, está no fato de ambas se constituírem como linguagem. Sendo assim, pretendemos nesse texto demonstrar como o discurso histórico pode fazer uso da linguagem literária na composição da narrativa historiográfica. Para tanto, analisaremos o texto “Palabras perdidas”, do uruguaio Eduardo Galeano, retirado da obra Espejos: una historia casi universal (2008), observando que, embora Galeano não cumpra as exigências do método da historiografia estrutural (demarcação temporal, relato dos fatos, informação das fontes etc), seu texto oferece outra configuração, possível ao discurso histórico.
Formas do esquecimento
Authors: Raulino Renata Cristina Pereira 
Published: January 2020

Nesta comunicação, apresentarei o meu projeto de pesquisa de doutorado, em que analisarei como o esquecimento mobiliza a escritura de textos literários latino-americanos contemporâneos, nos quais personagens com doença de Alzheimer são centrais para a escrita. O corpus inicial é o seguinte: Desarticulaciones (2010), de Sylvia Molloy; El eco de mi madre (2010), de Tamara Kamenzsain; En la laguna más profunda (2011), de Óscar Collazos; Diário da queda (2011), de Michel Laub; O lugar escuro: uma história de senilidade e loucura (2007), de Heloísa Seixas; e “H”, poema do livro Monodrama (2009), de Carlito Azevedo. Pretendo contribuir para as reflexões sobre a abordagem dos sintomas de uma enfermidade como material literário, elaboração tão em voga atualmente na literatura contemporânea e latino-americana.
Stroke Outcome Prediction by Blood Pressure Variability, Heart Rate Variability, and Baroreflex Sensitivity
Authors: Tang Shujin , Xiong Li , Fan Yuhua , Mok Vincent C.T. , Wong Ka Sing , Leung Thomas W. 
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—
Poststroke autonomic dysfunction portended an unfavorable prognosis. We investigated whether blood pressure variability (BPV), heart rate variability, and baroreflex sensitivity might predict stroke functional outcome.

Methods—
We calculated BPV, heart rate variability, baroreflex slope, and baroreflex effectiveness index from a 5-minute beat-to-beat blood pressure and heart rate monitoring within 7 days from the stroke onset. We compared the parameters between patients with a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) and those with a poor outcome.

Results—

Among 142 patients (mean age, 63.9±10.2 years; 88.0% men), functional outcome was good in 112 (78.9%) and poor in 30 (21.1%). There were significant differences in admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, prior stroke, high-frequency systolic BPV, low/high-frequency ratio of BPV, baroreflex sensitivity-up, and baroreflex sensitivity-total between the 2 groups (all
P
<0.05). In multivariate analysis, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (OR, 1.672 [95% CI, 1.316–2.125];
P
<0.001), low/high-frequency ratio of systolic BPV (OR, 0.493 [95% CI, 0.250–0.973];
P
=0.041), and baroreflex effectiveness index-down (OR, 0.958 [95% CI, 0.924–0.992];
P
=0.017) independently predicted a poor functional outcome.

Conclusions—
A decreased low/high-frequency ratio of systolic BPV and impaired baroreflex sensitivity predicted an unfavorable stroke outcome, in addition to the established prognostic factor such as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
Risk of Intracranial Aneurysm and Dissection and Fluoroquinolone Use
Authors: Maumus-Robert Sandy , Debette Stéphanie , Bérard Xavier , Mansiaux Yohann , Tubert-Bitter Pascale , Pariente Antoine 
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—
Fluoroquinolone use is associated with an increased risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection. We investigated this risk of arterial wall injury on intracranial arteries, given the similar pathophysiological mechanisms for aneurysm and dissection in both types of arteries.

Methods—
A case-time-control study was conducted using French National Insurance databases covering >60 million inhabitants. Cases were aged ≥18 years with first ruptured intracranial aneurysm and dissection between 2010 and 2015. For each case, fluoroquinolone use was compared between the exposure-risk window (day 30–day 1 before the outcome) and matched control windows (day 120–day 91, day 150–day 121, and day 180–day 151) and adjusted for time-varying confounders; potential time-trend for exposure was controlled using an age- and sex-matched reference group. Amoxicillin use was studied similarly for indication bias controlling. The potential excess of risk conveyed by fluoroquinolones was assessed by the ratio of OR for fluoroquinolones to that for amoxicillin.

Results—
Of the 7443 identified cases, 75 had been exposed to fluoroquinolones in the prior 180 days, including 16 in the 30-day at-risk window (385/97 cases exposed to amoxicillin, respectively). The adjusted OR for fluoroquinolones was 1.26 (95%CI, 0.65–2.41) and that for amoxicillin of 1.36 (95% CI, 1.05–1.78). Ratio of OR for fluoroquinolones to that for amoxicillin was estimated at 0.92 (95% CI, 0.46–1.86). Result was similar when extending outcome definition to unruptured events (ratio of OR for fluoroquinolones to that for amoxicillin, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.61–1.53]).

Conclusions—
This study did not evidence an excess of risk of intracranial aneurysm or dissection with fluoroquinolone use.
<p><strong><em>Bulbostylis maritima—</em></strong><strong>A new species of Cyperaceae from coastal Kerala, India</strong></p>
Authors: SUNIL CHANDRASSERIL NARAYANAN , PRASAD VADHYARUPARAMBIL PRABHAKARAN , KUMAR VANNARATTA NAVEEN 
Published: January 2020

Bulbostylis maritima (Cyperaceae) is described as a new species along with colour photograph, illustration and SEM micrographs of achene surface. It is closely allied to B. subspinescens and B. barbata, but differs by a combination of characters, mainly by the densely tubercled achenes, presence of prominent cavities on the rachilla, prominently ciliate bracteoles at the base of spikelets and a knee-like swelling towards base of the glumes.
The Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) Activity for Continental Shallow Convection
Authors: Gustafson William I. , Vogelmann Andrew M. , Li Zhijin , Cheng Xiaoping , Dumas Kyle K. , Endo Satoshi , Johnson Karen L. , Krishna Bhargavi , Fairless Tami , Xiao Heng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility recently initiated the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) ARM Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) activity focused on shallow convection at ARM’s Southern Great Plains (SGP) atmospheric observatory in Oklahoma. LASSO is designed to overcome an oft-shared difficulty of bridging the gap from point-based measurements to scales relevant for model parameterization development, and it provides an approach to add value to observations through modeling. LASSO is envisioned to be useful to modelers, theoreticians, and observationalists needing information relevant to cloud processes. LASSO does so by combining a suite of observations, LES inputs and outputs, diagnostics, and skill scores into data bundles that are freely available, and by simplifying user access to the data to speed scientific inquiry. The combination of relevant observations with observationally constrained LES output provides detail that gives context to the observations by showing physically consistent connections between processes based on the simulated state. A unique approach for LASSO is the generation of a library of cases for days with shallow convection combined with an ensemble of LES for each case. The library enables researchers to move beyond the single-case-study approach typical of LES research. The ensemble members are produced using a selection of different large-scale forcing sources and spatial scales. Since large-scale forcing is one of the most uncertain aspects of generating the LES, the ensemble informs users about potential uncertainty for each date and increases the probability of having an accurate forcing for each case.
Contributions of Internal Variability and External Forcing to the Recent Trends in the Southeastern Pacific and Peru–Chile Upwelling System
Authors: Jebri Beyrem , Khodri Myriam , Echevin Vincent , Gastineau Guillaume , Thiria Sylvie , Vialard Jérôme , Lebas Nicolas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn a warming world context, sea surface temperature (SST) off central-south Peru, northern Chile, and farther offshore increases at a slower rate than the global average since several decades (i.e., cools, relative to the global average). This tendency is synchronous with an interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) negative trend since ~1980, which has a cooling signature in the southeastern Pacific. Here, we use a large ensemble of historical coupled model simulations to investigate the relative roles of internal variability (and in particular the IPO) and external forcing in driving this relative regional cooling, and the associated mechanisms. The ensemble mean reproduces the relative cooling, in response to an externally forced southerly wind anomaly, which strengthens the upwelling off Chile in recent decades. This southerly wind anomaly results from the poleward expansion of the Southern Hemisphere Hadley cell. Attribution experiments reveal that this poleward expansion and the resulting enhanced upwelling mostly occur in response to increasing greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion since ~1980. An oceanic heat budget confirms that the wind-forced upwelling enhancement dominates the relative cooling near the coast. In contrast, a wind-forced deepening of the mixed layer drives the offshore cooling. While internal variability contributes to the spread of tendencies, the ensemble-mean relative cooling in the southeastern Pacific is consistent with observations and occurs irrespectively of the IPO phase, hence, indicating the preeminent role of external forcing.