bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isoflavone combined with exercise on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Qiu Shumin , Ma Yue , Jiang Chongmin 
Published: July 2020

Background:
This meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) aimed to evaluate the effects of isoflavones supplementation combined with exercise training on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.

Methods:
Two reviewers did a complete search of two electronic database (Medline, PubMed) records up to January 31, 2019. Risk of bias was classified based on the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) combined with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as the effect size of BMD values.

Results:
A total of four RCTs with 609 participants were included for meta-analysis. The BMD did not differ significantly between isoflavone supplementation combined with exercise training group and placebo group (sub-whole body: SMD = 0.00, 95% CI, –0.23 to 0.24; lumbar spine: SMD = 0.15, 95% CI, –0.30 to 0.60; total hip: SMD = 0.05, 95% CI, –0.18 to 0.298; femoral neck: SMD = 0.10, 95% CI, –0.23 to 0.43; trochanter: SMD = 0.09, 95% CI, –0.14 to 0.33; ward’s triangle: SMD = –0.03, 95% CI, –0.24 to 0.30). In addition, combined intervention did not provide additive effects on BMD improvements compared with exercise or isoflavone supplementation alone. The trials included in this meta-analysis were small and some had methodological limitations.

Conclusion:
The present meta-analysis reveals that isoflavone supplements combined with exercise training do not significantly increase BMD in postmenopausal women. In addition, combined intervention does not provide additive effects on BMD improvements compared with exercise or isoflavone supplementation alone.
Neurological Morbidity and Mortality in a Neurological Low-Resource Setting
Authors: Otubogun Folajimi M. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
There is still a paucity of information on the burden of neurological disorders particularly in low-resource settings such as sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to report the burden of neurological disorders, including morbidity and mortality, in adult patients at a Northwestern Nigerian tertiary hospital over a 2-year period.

Materials and Methods:
An audit of adult medical admissions from July 1, 2015, to June 30, 2017, was conducted. Anonymized data on medical admissions were retrieved from admission registries. Primary and secondary outcomes of interest were neurological diagnoses and clinical outcomes, respectively. The Pearson χ2 and independent t tests were used to test for differences between neurological and general medical proportions and outcomes with a 5% significance level set.

Results:
Over the 2-year period, 2772 adults were admitted. Neurological morbidity comprised almost a 10th of all adult medical admissions (9.1%), whereas neurological mortality accounted for more than a fifth of all deaths (22.2%). Stroke was the leading cause of neurological morbidity (62.9%) and mortality (79.8%). Infections of the nervous system and epilepsy were other frequent causes of neurological morbidity. Outcomes were poorer for neurological patients (fatality rates: neurological, 55.5%; medical, 19.5%, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Neurological disorders were a significant cause of adult medical morbidity and, to a greater extent, of mortality. Cerebrovascular disease and infections of the nervous system were major drivers of mortality. Cost-effective strategies appropriate for low-resource settings are required to prevent and reverse these negative outcomes.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome as a Neurological Complication of Novel COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Paybast Sepideh , Gorji Reza , Mavandadi Shirin 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Although the main clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is respiratory involvement, there is evidence suggesting the neuroinvasive potential of COVID-19. There are limited reports of neurological complications of COVID-19 infection in the literature. Herein, we aim to describe 2 members of a family affected by COVID-19, presenting with ascending paresthesia with the final diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Case Report:
A 38-year-old man presented with a history of ascending paresthesia and bilateral facial droop since 5 days before admission. The medical history was positive for flu-like symptoms affecting all the members of his family. The neurological examination was notable for bilateral peripheral facial paralysis, generalized areflexia, and derceased sensation in distal limbs. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed an albuminocytologic dissociation. In addition, the electromyography-nerve conduction study findings were suggestive of acute axonal-demyelinating polyneuropathy. Meanwhile the patient was treated with a diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome, his 14-year-old daughter presented with a history of progressive paresthesia and weakness. Similar to her father, the paraclinical evaluations were consistent with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Taking into account clinical findings and the outbreak of COVID-19, the suspicion of COVID-19 was proposed. Eventually, on the basis of throat swab samples stand on polymerase chain reaction, the patients were diagnosed with COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Our cases revealed the familial occurrence of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 infection. The authors emphasize neurological complications of COVID-19.
Enhancing Safe Sleep Counseling by Pediatricians through a Quality Improvement Learning Collaborative
Authors: Scott Emily K. , Downs Stephen M. , Pottenger Amy K. , Bien James P. , Saysana Michele S. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Approximately, 3,500 infants die annually from sleep-related infant deaths in the United States. We sought to improve pediatricians’ counseling on safe sleep from birth through 6 months of age through a virtual quality improvement learning collaborative (QILC). Our aim was appropriate screening, counseling, and documentation of safe sleep advice in 75% of eligible patient encounters after the QILC.

Methods:
We formed a 9-month QILC for inpatient and outpatient pediatricians. Pediatricians collected data on safe sleep documentation in a newborn discharge or well-child visit note. Data were submitted at baseline and in 9 subsequent phases. Participants met monthly via a webinar, which included a QI presentation, data review, and facilitated discussion among participants. Practices were contacted 12 months after the conclusion of the QILC to assess sustainment.

Results:
Thirty-four pediatricians from 4 inpatient and 9 outpatient practices participated in the QILC. At baseline, documentation of safe sleep practices varied greatly (0%–98%). However, by the end of the QILC, all participating practices were documenting safe sleep guidance in over 75% of patient encounters. Aggregate practice data show a significant, sustained improvement. The 12-month follow-up data were submitted from 62% of practices, with sustainment of improvement in 75% of practices.

Conclusion:
A facilitated, virtual QILC is an effective methodology to improve safe sleep counseling among a diverse group of pediatric practices. It is one step in improving consistent messaging around safe sleep by healthcare providers as pediatricians work to decrease sleep-related infant deaths.
Rheumatic Diseases Associated With Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
Authors: Manadan Augustine , Kambhatla Soumyasri , Gauto-Mariotti Estefania , Okoli Chimuanya , Block Joel A. 
Published: July 2020

Objective
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an acute neurological syndrome. There are many reports of PRES occurring in the setting of rheumatic diseases. However, it remains uncertain whether rheumatic diseases are truly a risk factor for PRES, as the literature consists of case reports and small clinical series. Here, we evaluated the relationship between PRES and the rheumatic diseases, using a large population-based data set as the reference.

Methods
We conducted a medical records review of hospitalizations in the United States during 2016 with a diagnosis of PRES. Hospitalizations were selected from the National Inpatient Sample. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes were used to identify rheumatic diseases. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the association of PRES and rheumatic diseases.

Results
There were 3125 hospitalizations that had a principal billing diagnosis of PRES. Multivariate logistic regression revealed the multiple independent associations with PRES. The demographic and nonrheumatic associations included acute renal failure (OR, 1.52), chronic renal failure (OR, 12.1), female (OR, 2.28), hypertension (OR, 8.73), kidney transplant (OR, 1.97), and preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR, 11.45). Rheumatic associations with PRES included antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (OR, 9.31), psoriatic arthritis (OR, 4.61), systemic sclerosis (OR, 6.62), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis (OR, 7.53), and SLE without nephritis (OR, 2.38).

Conclusions
This analysis represents the largest sample to date to assess PRES hospitalizations. It confirms that several rheumatic diseases are associated with PRES, including antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis, systemic sclerosis, SLE, and psoriatic arthritis. Acute and unexplained central nervous system symptoms in these patient populations should prompt consideration of PRES.
Anti–Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies Correlate to Ultrasound Synovitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Better Than C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Lu Cheng-Hsun , Chen Lung-Fang , Huang Yi-Min , Cheng Chiao-Feng , Hsieh Song-Chou , Li Ko-Jen 
Published: July 2020

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare ultrasound (US) grading and laboratory measures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods
Two-hundred four patients with rheumatoid arthritis who received US evaluation for synovitis were included after excluding those using tocilizumab. Ultrasound grading of synovial hypertrophy (SH) and power Doppler (PD) at the most severe site were recorded. An assessment of the correlation of laboratory measures and US grading was conducted by reviewing the electronic medical records.

Results
High-titer anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies positivity was associated with SH grade ≥2 (odds ratio [OR], 6.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78–20.2) and PD grade ≥2 (OR, 5.56; 95% CI, 1.82–16.9). Recent C-reactive protein (CRP) levels ≥0.3 mg/dL were associated with SH grade ≥2 (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.38–7.10) and PD grade ≥2 (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.31–4.31). Anti-CCP antibody levels correlated with US scores better than the levels of CRP with higher Spearman ρ correlation coefficients. Most of the patients with recent CRP levels <0.3 mg/dL had US synovitis. In logistic regression, high levels of anti-CCP antibodies and CRP were both independently associated with SH grade ≥2 and PD grade ≥2.

Conclusions
Higher levels of anti-CCP antibodies and CRP may predict synovitis on US, whereas discrepancies existed between inflammatory markers and US grading. These findings suggest that US has a role in the comprehensive assessment of disease activity, especially for patients with high-titer positive anti-CCP antibodies.
Total parietal peritonectomy leads to a low incidence of platinum resistance in patients undergoing interval cytoreductive surgery for advanced epithelial serous ovarian cancer- results of a prospective multi-centric study
Authors: Kammar Praveen , Sinukumar Snita , Parikh Loma , Shaikh Sakina , Jumale Nutan , Mallya Mrinal , Sheth Sandeep , Mehta Sanket , Bhatt Aditi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThough interval cytoreductive surgery (CRS) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is considered non-inferior to primary CRS, the incidence of platinum resistance is high. A total parietal peritonectomy (TPP) can address occult microscopic disease more completely and could reduce the rates of early recurrence. The early results of a prospective study evaluating the role of TPP are presented in this manuscript.MethodsThis is a prospective, multi-centric interventional study. A TPP was performed in all patients undergoing interval CRS. A fixed surgical protocol was followed. Grade 3-4 morbidity was recorded. Factors affecting grade 3-4 morbidity, early recurrence and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated.ResultsFrom July 2018, 70 patients with serous carcinoma were included. The median surgical PCI was 15 [range 5-37]. A CC-0 resection was obtained in 55(78.5%) patients; CC-1 in 10(14.2%). Grade 3-4 complications were seen in 15(21.4%) patients of which the commonest complication was intraperitoneal fluid collection. Occult disease in the peritoneum was seen in 40%. Early recurrence (platinum resistance) was seen in 5(7.1%). The median PFS was 18 months [range 0-21months]. Patients with a lower PCI and with no grade 3-4 complications had a significantly longer PFS. A pathological PCI>15 was the only independent predictor of a shorter PFS (p=0.001).ConclusionsTPP performed as a part of interval CRS resulted in a very low incidence of platinum resistance. The post-operative morbidity was acceptable. These findings should be confirmed in a larger series and a randomized trial performed to demonstrate demonstrate its benefit over conventional surgery.
Cluster analysis of epidemiological characteristic features of confirmed cases with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outside China: a descriptive study
Authors: Nguyen-Tran Minh-Duc , Abozaid Ali Ahmed-Fouad , Thang Tai Luu Lam , Nhat Minh Le Huu , Le Quang-Loc , Nguyen Hoang-Dung , Dao Khanh-Linh , Le Huu-Hoai , Huy Nguyen Tien 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundNovel coronavirus COVID-19 has caused significant global outbreaks outside China. Many countries have closed their borders with China and performed obligate protective procedures, however, this disease was still rising worldwide. In this report, we aim to identify transmission patterns from China to other countries, along with describing the disease control situation of countries.MethodsWe retrospectively collected information about infected cases with COVID-19 from WHO situation reports, official notification websites of health ministries and reliable local newspapers from each country. Descriptive and cluster analysis was performed to describe the transmission characteristics while the logistic regression test was used to estimate the risk factors for the occurrence of an infected individual with an unknown source.ResultsA total of 446 infected cases were recorded from 24 countries outside China until 12 February 2020, with the number of reported infected cases were doubled every 3.08 ± 0.35 days (range from 2.6 to 3.9). Besides the spread from China, the transmission was originated from sub-endemic countries (Japan, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, France, German). Out of 6 countries got occurrence of an infected individual with unknown source and possible potential factors contributed to this occurrence was a time of epidemic circulating, number of patients and number of clusters when the occurrence still has not happened, and notably, the unreported situation of Chinese tourists’ information.ConclusionsThe situational reports of each country about COVID-19 should be more detailed mentioning the transmissions routes with keeping contact tracing of the unknown cases to increase the control of this disease.
The genome analysis ofTripterygium wilfordiireveals TwCYP712K1 andTwCYP712K2responsible for oxidation of friedelin in celastrol biosynthesis pathway
Authors: Pei Tianlin , Yan Mengxiao , Kong Yu , Liu Jie , Cui Mengying , Fang Yumin , Ge Binjie , Yang Jun , Zhao Qing 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTTripterygium wilfordiiis a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) from family Celastraceae and celastrol is one of the strongest active ingredients belonging to friedelane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid, which has a large clinical application value of anti-tumor, immunosuppression, and obesity treatment. The first committed biosynthesis step of celastrol is the cyclization of 2, 3-oxidosqualene to friedelin, catalyzed by the oxidosqualene cyclase, while the rest of this pathway is still unclear. In this study, we reported a reference genome assembly ofT. wilfordiiwith high-quality annotation by using a hybrid sequencing strategy (Nanopore, Bionano, Illumina HiSeq, and Pacbio), which obtained a 340.12 Mb total size and contig N50 reached 3.09 Mb. In addition, we successfully anchored 91.02% sequences into 23 pseudochromosomes using Hi-C technology and the super-scaffold N50 reached 13.03 Mb. Based on integration genome, transcriptom and metabolite analyses, as well asin vivoandin vitroenzyme assays, two CYP450 genes,TwCYP712K1andTwCYP712K2have been proven for C-29 position oxidation of friedelin to produce polpunonic acid, which clarifies the second biosynthesis step of celastrol. Syntenic analysis revealed thatTwCYP712K1 andTwCYP712K2derived from the common ancestor. These results have provided insight into illustrating pathways for both celastrol and other bioactive compounds found in this plant.
Decoding network-mediated retinal response to electrical stimulation: implications for fidelity of prosthetic vision
Authors: Ho Elton , Shmakov Alex , Palanker Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivePatients with the photovoltaic subretinal implant PRIMA demonstrated letter acuity by ~0.1 logMAR worse than the sampling limit for 100μm pixels (1.3 logMAR) and performed slower than healthy subjects, which exceeded the sampling limit at equivalently pixelated images by ~0.2 logMAR. To explore the underlying differences between the natural and prosthetic vision, we compare the fidelity of the retinal response to visual and subretinal electrical stimulation through single-cell modeling and ensemble decoding.ApproachResponses of the retinal ganglion cells (RGC) to optical or electrical (1mm diameter arrays, 75μm pixels) white noise stimulation in healthy and degenerate rat retinas were recorded via MEA. Each RGC was fit with linear-non-linear (LN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) models. To characterize RGC noise level, we compared statistics of the spike-triggered average (STA) in RGCs responding to electrical or visual stimulation of healthy and degenerate retinas. At the population level, we constructed a linear decoder to determine the certainty with which the ensemble of RGCs can support theN-way discrimination tasks.Main resultsAlthough LN and CNN models can match the natural visual responses pretty well (correlation ~0.6), they fit significantly worse to spike timings elicited by electrical stimulation of the healthy retina (correlation ~0.15). In the degenerate retina, response to electrical stimulation is equally bad. The signal-to-noise ratio of electrical STAs in degenerate retinas matched that of the natural responses when 78±6.5% of the spikes were replaced with random timing. However, the noise in RGC responses contributed minimally to errors in the ensemble decoding. The determining factor in accuracy of decoding was the number of responding cells. To compensate for fewer responding cells under electrical stimulation than in natural vision, larger number of presentations of the same stimulus are required to deliver sufficient information for image decoding.SignificanceSlower than natural pattern identification by patients with the PRIMA implant may be explained by the lower number of electrically activated cells than in natural vision, which is compensated by a larger number of the stimulus presentations.
Exploring rare cellular activity in more than one million cells by a trans-scale-scope
Authors: Ichimura T. , Kakizuka T. , Horikawa K. , Seiriki K. , Kasai A. , Hashimoto H. , Fujita K. , Watanabe T. M. , Nagai T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn many phenomena of biological systems, not a majority, but a minority of cells act on the entire multicellular system causing drastic changes in the system properties. To understand the mechanisms underlying such phenomena, it is essential to observe the spatiotemporal dynamics of a huge population of cells at sub-cellular resolution, which is difficult with conventional tools such as microscopy and flow cytometry. Here, we describe an imaging system named AMATERAS that enables optical imaging with an over-one-centimeter field-of-view and a-few-micrometer spatial resolution. This trans-scale-scope has a simple configuration, composed of a low-power lens for machine vision and a hundred-megapixel image sensor. We demonstrated its high cell-throughput, capable of simultaneously observing more than one million cells. We applied it to dynamic imaging of calcium ions in HeLa cells and cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate inDictyostelium discoideum, and successfully detected less than 0.01% of rare cells and observed multicellular events induced by these cells.
Optimizing Sequencing Resources in Genotyped Livestock Populations Using Linear Programming
Authors: Cheng Hao , Xu Keyu , Li Jinghui , Abraham Kuruvilla Joseph 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow-cost genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are routinely used in animal breeding programs. Compared to SNP arrays, the use of whole-genome sequence data generated by the next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) has great potential in livestock populations. However, a large number of animals are required to be sequenced to exploit the full potential of whole-genome sequence data. Thus, novel strategies are desired to allocate sequencing resources in genotyped livestock populations such that the entire population can be sequenced or imputed efficiently.MethodsWe present two applications of linear programming models called LPChoose for sequencing resources allocation. The first application is to identify the minimum number of animals for sequencing while meeting the criteria that each haplotype in the population is contained in at least one of the animals selected for sequencing. The second is to sequence a fixed number of animals whose haplotypes include as large a proportion as possible of the haplotypes present in the population given a limited sequencing budget.ResultsIn both applications LPChoose has similar or better performance than some other methods. The linear programming models we proposed are based on rigorous and well defined optimization techniques and easy and straightforward to implement. LPChoose is available as an open-source package.