bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between hydrocarbon accumulation and Mississippi Valley‐type Pb‐Zn mineralization of the Mayuan metallogenic belt, the northern Yangtze block, SW China: Evidence from ore geology and Rb‐Sr isotopic dating
Authors: Wang Guozhi , Huang Zhu , Zhao Fufeng , Li Na , Fu Yuzhen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe coexistence of Pb‐Zn deposits and oil/gas reservoirs demonstrates that a close genetic connection exists between them. The spatiotemporal relationship between Pb‐Zn mineralization and hydrocarbon accumulation is the key to understanding this genetic connection. The Mayuan large‐scale Pb‐Zn metallogenic belt is composed of a number of Mississippi Valley‐type (MVT) Pb‐Zn deposits that were recently discovered on the northern margin of the Yangtze Block, China. It is hosted in the dolostone of the Sinian (Ediacaran) Dengying Formation (Z2dn). In addition to the abundant bitumen in the Mayuan Pb‐Zn metallogenic belt, the paleo‐oil reservoir and the MVT Pb‐Zn deposit overlap in space. In this study, two precise ages of 468.3 ± 3.8 Ma and 206.0 ± 6.5 Ma were obtained via the Rb‐Sr isotopic dating of galena and sphalerite from the Mayuan Pb‐Zn metallogenic belt, respectively. The early metallogenic age of 468.3 ± 3.8 Ma is similar to the previously published age of 486 ± 12 Ma. The age of 206.0 ± 6.5 Ma is consistent with the age of the metallogenic event that occurred at 200 Ma in the Upper Yangtze Pb–Zn metallogenic province of the Sichuan‐Yunnan‐Guizhou polymetallic zone, which is located on the southwest margin of the Sichuan Basin, suggesting that the metallogenic effects of this period were regional in scale in the peripheral areas of the Sichuan Basin. Previous studies have shown that two periods of hydrocarbon accumulation occurred in the oil/gas reservoir that coexists with the Pb‐Zn deposits in the study area. The Pb‐Zn mineralization at 468.3 ± 3.8 Ma occurred during the first period of hydrocarbon accumulation, while the second mineralization at 206.0 ± 6.5 Ma occurred during the transformation of the paleo‐oil reservoir to a paleogas reservoir. The spatial relationship between the paleo‐oil/‐gas reservoir and the MVT Pb‐Zn deposits and the temporal relationship between mineralization and hydrocarbon accumulation show that a close genetic relationship exists between the MVT Pb‐Zn mineralization and hydrocarbon accumulation. Analysis of metals in the source rocks forming the paleo‐oil/‐gas reservoirs show that source rocks which formed paleo‐oil/‐gas reservoirs may have provided metals for Pb‐Zn mineralization. Both the paleo‐oil/‐gas reservoirs and Pb‐Zn mineralizing fluids had the same origin.
Granulomatous mural folliculitis in a dog treated with ciclosporin and methotrexate
Authors: Panzuti Pauline , Mosca Marion , Pin Didier 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundCanine granulomatous mural folliculitis is a very rare cause of scarring alopecia with unknown pathogenesis.Hypothesis/objectivesTo report a case of granulomatous mural folliculitis in a dog treated with ciclosporin (Cs) and methotrexate (MTX).AnimalA 13‐year‐old spayed female Pyrenean shepherd dog with a one month history of scarring alopecia.Methods and resultsHistopathological examination revealed a granulomatous and lymphocytic mural and necrotizing folliculitis and furunculosis. Immunochemistry, using antibodies for CD3, CD204, CD206, IBA‐1 and CD208, revealed that CD3+ lymphocytes were infiltrating the outer root sheath along with IBA‐1+ or CD204+ cells. Ciclosporin (5 mg/kg once daily) and MTX (0.25 mg/kg once weekly then 0.5 mg/kg once weekly) were initiated simultaneously, and Cs was stopped after stabilization of the lesions. The dog's skin disease was stable for six months.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the long‐term management of a granulomatous mural folliculitis in a dog. Ciclosporin and MTX appeared to be an effective treatment option. Additional treated cases are needed to assess the effectiveness of MTX in canine immune‐mediated diseases.
Recruitment of Shoulder Prime Movers and Torso Stabilizers During Push-Up Exercises Using a Suspension Training System
Authors: Youdas James W. , Baartman Hannah E. , Gahlon Brian J. , Kohnen Tyler J. , Sparling Robert J. , Hollman John H. 
Published: January 2020

Context: Suspension training devices use body weight resistance and unstable support surfaces that may facilitate muscle recruitment during push-up exercises. Objective: The authors examined muscle recruitment with surface electromyography on 4 shoulder and 4 torso muscles during (1) standard push-ups, (2) feet-suspended push-ups, (3) hands-suspended push-ups, and (4) dual-instability push-ups in which feet were suspended and hands were on unstable surfaces. Design: Cross-sectional design with repeated measures. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: Thirty-two healthy men and women (mean age, 24.3 y; mean body mass index, 24.6 kg·m−2) participated. Intervention: Participants were tested while performing 2 repetitions each of 4 variations of push-ups. Main Outcome Measures: Muscle recruitment, normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction, was measured in 4 prime movers (anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and triceps brachii) and 4 torso stabilizers (external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominis, and upper erector spinae). Results: Muscle recruitment in the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, and serratus anterior during suspended exercises was no greater than during standard push-ups. In contrast, torso stabilizer recruitment was significantly greater in the external oblique, internal oblique, and rectus abdominis during all 3 suspended exercises compared with standard push-ups. Suspended exercises under a dual-instability condition did not generate greater levels of muscle activation compared with conditions of single instability. Conclusions: Push-ups performed with suspension training systems may provide benefit if one’s goal is to enhance torso muscle training. One unstable surface may be sufficiently challenging for the client or athlete when performing push-up exercises with a suspension training device.
Transcriptional Regulation and Macrophage Differentiation
Authors: Hume David A. , Summers Kim M. , Rehli Michael 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTMonocytes and macrophages are professional phagocytes that occupy specific niches in every tissue of the body. Their survival, proliferation, and differentiation are controlled by signals from the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R) and its two ligands, CSF-1 and interleukin-34. In this review, we address the developmental and transcriptional relationships between hematopoietic progenitor cells, blood monocytes, and tissue macrophages as well as the distinctions from dendritic cells. A huge repertoire of receptors allows monocytes, tissue-resident macrophages, or pathology-associated macrophages to adapt to specific microenvironments. These processes create a broad spectrum of macrophages with different functions and individual effector capacities. The production of large transcriptomic data sets in mouse, human, and other species provides new insights into the mechanisms that underlie macrophage functional plasticity.
Potentially inappropriate prescribing in dementia: a state-of-the-art review since 2007
Authors: Delgado Joao , Bowman Kirsty , Clare Linda 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesDementia frequently occurs alongside comorbidities. Coexisting conditions are often managed with multiple medications, leading to increased risk of potentially inappropriate medication and adverse drug reactions. We aimed to estimate prevalence of, and identify factors reported to be associated with, potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) for older individuals diagnosed with dementia.DesignWe used a state-of-the-art review approach, selecting papers written in English and published from 2007 to January 2018. Publications were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Inclusion criteria included a formal diagnosis of dementia, a formal classification of PIP and reported prevalence of PIP as an outcome. Random effects models were used to provide a pooled estimate of prevalence of PIP. The Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS tool) was used to assess bias in the included studies.ResultsThe bibliographic search yielded 221 citations, with 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The estimates of PIP prevalence for people living with dementia ranged from 14% to 64%. Prevalence was 31% (95% CI 9 to 52) in the community, and 42% (95% CI 30 to 55) in nursing/care homes. PIP included prescribing likely related to dementia (eg, hypnotics and sedative and cholinesterase inhibitors) and prescribing related to treatment of comorbidities (eg, cardiovascular drugs and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication). Higher levels of comorbidity were associated with increased risk of PIP; however, only one study investigated associations with specific comorbidities of dementia.ConclusionPIP remains a significant issue in healthcare management for people living with dementia. Higher levels of comorbidity are associated with increased prevalence of PIP, but the specific conditions driving this increase remain unknown. Further work is necessary to investigate PIP related to the presence of common comorbidities in patients living with dementia.
Patterns of benzodiazepine prescription among older adults in Switzerland: a cross-sectional analysis of claims data
Authors: Luta Xhyljeta , Bagnoud Christophe , Lambiris Mark , Decollogny Anne , Eggli Yves , Le Pogam Marie-Annick , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Marti Joachim 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the prevalence and determinants of benzodiazepine prescription among older adults in Switzerland, and analyse association with hospitalisation and costs.DesignRetrospective analysis of claims data.SettingThe study was conducted in nine cantons in Switzerland.ParticipantsOlder adults aged 65 years and older enrolled with a large Swiss health insurance company participated in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was prevalence of benzodiazepine prescription. The secondary outcomes were (1) determinants of any benzodiazepine prescription; (2) the association between any prescription and the probability of hospitalisation for trauma and (3) the association between any prescription and total healthcare expenditures.ResultsOverall, 69 005 individuals were included in the study. Approximately 20% of participants had at least one benzodiazepine prescription in 2017. Prescription prevalence increased with age (65–69: 15.9%; 70–74: 18.4%; 75–80: 22.5%; >80: 25.8%) and was higher in women (25.1%) compared with men (14.6%). Enrollees with the highest deductible of Swiss Francs (CHF) 2500 were 70% less likely to receive a prescription than enrollees with the lowest deductible of CHF 300 (adjusted OR=0.29, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.35).Individuals with at least one prescription had a higher probability of hospitalisation for trauma (OR=1.31, 95% CI 1. 20 to 1.1.44), and 70% higher health care expenditures (β=0.72, 95% CI 0. 67 to 0.77). Enrollees in canton Valais were three times more likely to receive a prescription compared to enrollees from canton Aargau (OR=2.84, 95% 2.51 to 3.21).ConclusionsThe proportion of older adults with at least one benzodiazepine prescription is high, as found in the data of one large Swiss health insurance company. These enrollees are more likely to be hospitalised for trauma and have higher healthcare expenditures. Important differences in prescription prevalence across cantons were observed, suggesting potential overuse. Further research is needed to understand the drivers of variation, prescription patterns across providers, and trends over time.
Epidemiological features of human brucellosis in Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia province, China: a cross-sectional study over an 11-year period (2007–2017)
Authors: Li Di , Li Lifei , Zhai Jingbo , Wang Lingzhan , Zhang Bin 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology of human brucellosis in the past decade and provide evidence of disease control in Tongliao city, which is one of the highest-risk areas of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia province, China.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsClinically and bacteriologically confirmed human brucellosis cases.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAn analysis of the reported cases of human brucellosis during 2007–2017 was carried out to describe the age, sex and occupational distributions of the cases. The time series analysis model and the geographical information system were explored to describe the seasonality and spatiotemporal distribution, respectively, at the county level.ResultsA total of 13 938 cases of human brucellosis was collected in Tongliao from 2007 to 2017; the majority was aged 25 years to 59 years (85.4%) and the male-to-female ratio was 2.64:1; most of them were agriculturalists (81.9%) and pastoralists (12.4%). The incidence rates increased dramatically from 9.22/100 000 in 2007 to 69.16/100 000 in 2011 with an annual increase of 14.99%. They decreased during 2012–2016 (annual decrease of 8.37%) and rose again in 2017 (44.32/100 000). The disease peaked during March–July, with a clear periodicity and trend of monthly anterior displacement since 2012. Jarud Banner, the region located in the north-west of Tongliao, had the highest accumulated incidence rate (130.1/100 000) compared with other counties. The high-risk regions were spread from the north-west to the south and east of Tongliao during the past decade.ConclusionsThe prevalence of human brucellosis in Tongliao was aggravated during the past decade and peaked during March–July. High-risk areas were mainly concentrated in the counties with extensive prairies and livestock.
Azithromycin as an add-on treatment for persistent uncontrolled asthma in adults: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Wei , Mu Wei , Zhang Huiting , Zhai Jingbo , Li Xiaodan , Guan Peng , Lian Fu , Feng Jihong , Yu Shuangjiang , Wang Xuepin , Si Jinhua , Sun Zengtao , Huang Yuhong 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionClinical management of asthma remains a public challenge. Despite standard treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs), asthma remains uncontrolled in a substantial number of chronic asthma patients who risk reduced lung function and severe exacerbations. Azithromycin could have add-on effects for these patients. This study is proposed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of azithromycin as an add-on treatment for adults with persistent uncontrolled symptomatic asthma.Methods and analysisTwo reviewers will perform a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and four Chinese electronic databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), WanFang Data and VIP Database from inception to May 2019. Only randomised controlled trials will be included. There is no restriction on language or publication status. Combined oral azithromycin and an ICS or/and a LABA will be compared with standard treatment alone or with a placebo. The primary outcomes are the number or frequency of asthma exacerbations, changes in asthma symptoms and lung function. Secondary outcomes include the number or frequency of inhalations of beta-agonists with or without corticosteroids for rescue use, eosinophil counts in blood or sputum, adverse events and others. A meta-analysis will be attempted to provide an estimate of the pooled treatment effect. Otherwise, qualitative descriptions of individual studies will be given.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required because no primary data will be collected. Study findings will be presented at scientific conferences or published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019117272.
Nutrition competence of primary care physicians in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-gassimi Osamah , Shah Hassan Bin Usman , Sendi Rawan , Ezmeirlly Heba A , Ball Lauren , Bakarman Marwan A 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesPrimary care physicians have an opportunity to support healthy dietary behaviours of patients by providing nutrition care. However, it is unclear whether primary care physicians in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are sufficiently competent in nutrition. This study aimed to assess the nutrition competence of primary care physicians in KSA and identify whether nutrition competence is associated with the provision of nutrition care to patients living with diet-related chronic disease.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingChronic disease clinics across 48 primary care centres under the Ministry of Health in the city of Jeddah, KSA.Participants90 primary care physicians completed the survey (response rate: 98%). General practitioners and family medicine residents, specialists, and consultants actively working in chronic disease clinics between February and May 2019 were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was nutrition competence of primary care physicians measured via the validated nutrition competence (NUTCOMP) questionnaire.ResultsPrimary care physicians perceived themselves as competent in nutrition care but their reported provision of nutrition care was limited. Confidence in their nutrition knowledge and skills elicited the lowest mean scores of 25.8 (±5.4) out of 35 and 29 (±5.2) out of 40, respectively. The reported provision of nutrition care was closely correlated with physicians’ confidence in their nutrition knowledge (r=0.57) and communication (r=0.52). Three factors were identified as predicting whether physicians provide nutrition care to patients: confidence in counselling about nutrition (p<0.001), having previous nutrition education (p=0.005) and a higher professional qualification (p=0.008).ConclusionsPrimary care physicians felt confident in providing nutrition care to patients living with diet-related chronic disease. Primary care physicians would benefit from higher levels of nutrition knowledge and skills to effectively support patients to improve their dietary behaviours and health conditions, leading to a positive impact on public health.
Acupuncture for emotional disorders in patients with migraine: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Sun Ning , Sun Mingsheng , Li Zhengjie , Sun Rui-Rui , Zhao Ling , Chen Jiao , Liang Fan-rong 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionMigraine is the second-leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. The high prevalence of migraine-related emotional disorders is often overlooked. Acupuncture is often used to treat both migraine and emotional disorders. This systematic review protocol aims to analyse whether acupuncture is effective for treating emotional disorders in patients with migraine.Methods and analysisNine databases will be searched from inception to may 2019: cochrane central register of controlled trials, medline, embase, allied and complementary medicine database, cinahl, china national knowledge infrastructure, chinese biomedical literature database, vip database and wanfang database. Randomised controlled trials (rcts) of acupuncture therapy for migraine with emotional functioning outcomes, which were reported in chinese or english, will be included. The primary outcome is the change in emotional functioning. Study selection, data extraction and assessment of the risk of bias will be performed independently by two or more reviewers. Revman software (v.5.3) will be used to perform the assessment of the risk of bias and data synthesis.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not be needed because the data will not contain individual patient data, and there are no concerns about privacy. The results of this meta-analysis will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal or relevant conference.Trial registration numberCRD42019139433.
Experiences of new family physicians finding jobs with obstetrical care in the USA
Authors: Eden Aimee R , Barreto Tyler , Hansen Elizabeth Rose 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore how new family medicine graduates who want to include obstetrics in their scope of practice identify and select jobs and to understand how employment influences scope of practice in family medicine, particularly the ability to provide maternity care and deliver babies.DesignMixed-methods study including a survey and qualitative interviews conducted in 2017.SettingWe electronically surveyed US family physicians and followed up with a purposeful subsample of these physicians to conduct in-depth, semistructured telephone interviews.Participants1016 US family medicine residency graduates 2014–2016 who indicated that they intended to deliver babies in practice completed a survey; 56 of these were interviewed.Main outcome measuresThe survey measured the reasons for not doing obstetrics as a family physician. To identify themes regarding finding family medicine jobs with obstetrics, we used a team-based, immersion–crystallisation approach to analyse the transcribed qualitative interviews.ResultsSurvey results (49% response rate) showed that not finding a job that included obstetrics was the primary reason newly graduated family physicians who intended to do obstetrics were not doing so. Qualitative interviews revealed that family physicians often find jobs with obstetrics through connections or recruitment efforts and make job decisions based on personal considerations such as included geographical preferences, family obligations and lifestyle. However, job-seeking and job-taking decisions are constrained by employment-related issues such as job structure, practice characteristics and lack of availability of family medicine jobs with obstetrics.ConclusionsWhile personal reasons drove job selection for most physicians, their choices were constrained by multiple factors beyond their control, particularly availability of family medicine jobs allowing obstetrics. The shift from physician as practice owner to physician as employee in the USA has implications for job-seeking behaviours of newly graduating medical residents as well as for access to healthcare services by patients; understanding how employment influences scope of practice in family medicine can provide insight into how to support family physicians to maintain the scope of practice they desire and are trained to provide, thus, ensuring that families have access to care.