bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different fatty acids on BRL3A rat liver cell damage
Authors: Yang Wei , Liu Runqi , Xia Cheng , Chen Yuanyuan , Dong Zhihao , Huang Baoyin , Li Ruirui , Li Ming , Xu Chuang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of fatty acids on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and lipid damage. We treated BRL3A rat liver cells with, linoleic (LA), linolenic, oleic (OA), palmitic (PA), palmitoleic (POA), or stearic (SA) acid for 12 hr. The characteristics of cell lipid deposition, oxidative stress indexes, ER stress markers, nuclear factor κB p65 (NF‐κB p65), lipid synthesis and transport regulators, and cholesterol metabolism regulators were analyzed. Endoplasmic chaperones like glucose‐regulated protein 78, CCAAT‐enhancer‐binding protein, NF‐κB p65, hydrogen peroxide, and malonaldehyde in PA‐ and SA‐treated cells were significantly higher than in other treated cells. Deposition of fatty acids especially LA and POA were significantly increased than in other treated cells. De novo lipogenesis regulators sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1c, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (ACC1) expression were significantly increased in all fatty acid stimulation groups, and PA‐ and SA‐treated cells showed lower p‐ACC1 expression and higher scd1 expression than other fatty acid groups. Very low‐density lipoprotein synthesis and apolipoprotein B100 expression in free fatty acids treated cells were significantly lower than control. PA, SA, OA, and POA had shown significantly increased cholesterol synthesis than other treated cells. PA and SA showed the lower synthesis of cytochrome P7A1 and total bile acids than other fatty acids treated cells. Excess of saturated fatty acids led to severe ER and oxidative stress. Excess unsaturated fatty acids led to increased lipid deposition in cultured hepatocytes. A balanced fatty acid intake is needed to maintain lipid homeostasis.
Therapeutic strategy for the patients with coexisting gastroesophageal reflux disease and postprandial distress syndrome of functional dyspepsia
Authors: Isshi Kimio , Furuhashi Hiroto , Nakada Koji 
Published: February 2020

Background and AimGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional dyspepsia (FD) frequently overlap. However, no accepted treatment has yet been established for such patients. This study was conducted to identify an adequate initial treatment for patients with GERD accompanied by the postprandial distress syndrome type of FD (FD‐PDS).MethodsOf the 150 patients newly diagnosed with GERD who visited our clinic, 53 patients with the typical symptoms of both GERD and FD‐PDS were assessed using the modified frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD and the gastroesophageal reflux and dyspepsia therapeutic efficacy and satisfaction test questionnaires. Of those, 42 patients who completed 4 weeks of treatment were analyzed. We compared the treatment responses between the 21 patients who received proton pump inhibitor (PPI) monotherapy and 21 patients who received a PPI in combination with the prokinetic drug acotiamide.ResultsAssessment of the two questionnaires revealed a marked improvement of both GERD and FD symptom scores after 4 weeks of treatment in both groups. However, there were no significant differences in any GERD or FD symptom scores at baseline, after 4 weeks of treatment and in the symptom score change between the two different treatment groups.ConclusionThe results of this retrospective study suggest no benefit of PPI‐prokinetic combination versus PPI monotherapy in adult patients with FD‐GERD overlap; therefore, PPI monotherapy could be an adequate initial treatment for such patients.
Plane graphs of maximum degree Δ ≥ 7 are edge‐face (Δ + 1)‐colorable
Authors: Wang Yiqiao , Hu Xiaoxue , Wang Weifan , Lih Ko‐Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA plane graph G is edge‐face k‐colorable if its edges and faces can be colored with k colors such that any two adjacent or incident elements receive different colors. It is known that every plane graph G of maximum degree Δ ≥ 8 is edge‐face (Δ + 1)‐colorable. The condition Δ ≥ 8 is improved to Δ ≥ 7 in this paper.
Multiparametric MRI characterization of level dependent differences in lumbar muscle size, quality, and microstructure
Authors: Berry David B. , Rodriguez‐Soto Ana E. , Englund Erin K. , Shahidi Bahar , Parra Callan , Frank Lawrence R. , Kelly Karen R. , Ward Samuel R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic tool that can be used to noninvasively assess lumbar muscle size and fatty infiltration, important biomarkers of muscle health. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MRI technique that is sensitive to muscle microstructural features such as fiber size (an important biomarker of muscle health), which is typically only assessed using invasive biopsy techniques. The goal of this study was to establish normative values of level‐dependent lumbar muscle size, fat signal fraction, and restricted diffusion assessed by MRI in a highly active population. Forty‐two active‐duty Marines were imaged using a (a) high‐resolution anatomical, (b) fat‐water separation, and (c) DT‐MRI scan. The multifidus and erector spinae muscles were compared at each level using two‐way repeated measures ANOVA. Secondary analysis included Three dimensional (3D) reconstructions to qualitatively assess lumbar muscle size, fatty infiltration, and fiber orientation via tractography. The erector spinae was found to be larger than the multifidus above L5, with lower fat signal fraction above L3, and a less restricted diffusion profile than the multifidus above L4, with this pattern reversed in the lower lumbar spine. 3D reconstructions demonstrated accumulations of epimuscular fat in the anterior and posterior regions of the lumbar musculature, with minimal intramuscular fatty infiltration. Tractography images demonstrated different orientations of adjacent lumbar musculature, which cannot be visualized with standard MRI pulse sequences. The level dependent differences found in this study provide a normative baseline, for which to better understand whole muscle and microstructural changes associated with aging, low back pain, and pathology.
3D Porous Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams Supporting Long‐term Neuronal Cultures
Authors: Mori Taizo , Cukelj Richard , Prévôt Marianne Estelle , Ustunel Senay , Story Anna , Gao Yunxiang , Diabre Karene , McDonough Jennifer Ann , Freeman Ernest Johnson , Hegmann Elda , Clements Robert John 
Published: February 2020

Abstract3D liquid crystal elastomer (3D‐LCE) foams are used to support long‐term neuronal cultures for over 60 days. Sequential imaging shows that cell density remains relatively constant throughout the culture period while the number of cells per observational area increases. In a subset of samples, retinoic acid is used to stimulate extensive neuritic outgrowth and maturation of proliferated neurons within the LCEs, inducing a threefold increase in length with cells displaying morphologies indicative of mature neurons. Designed LCEs' micro‐channels have a similar diameter to endogenous parenchymal arterioles, ensuring that neurons throughout the construct have constant access to growth media during extended experiments. Here it is shown that 3D‐LCEs provide a unique environment and simple method to longitudinally study spatial neuronal function, not possible in conventional culture environments, with simplistic integration into existing methodological pipelines.
Aspalathin Protects Insulin‐Producing β Cells against Glucotoxicity and Oxidative Stress‐Induced Cell Death
Authors: Moens Céline , Bensellam Mohammed , Himpe Eddy , Muller Christo J. F. , Jonas Jean‐Christophe , Bouwens Luc 
Published: February 2020

ScopeAspalathin, the main polyphenolic phytochemical of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), has been attributed with health promoting properties, including a glucose lowering effect that can prove interesting for application as nutraceutical or therapeutic in (pre‐)diabetics. Preservation of β cell mass in the pancreas is considered a key issue for diabetes prevention or treatment, therefore the aim is to investigate whether aspalathin also has β cell cytoprotective potential.Methods and resultsRat pancreatic islets and the β cell line Insulinoma 1E (INS1E) are studied in vitro after exposure to various cytotoxic agents, namely streptozotocin (STZ), hydrogen peroxide, or chronic high glucose. The effect of aspalathin on cell survival and apoptosis is studied. Expression of relevant cytoprotective genes is analyzed by qRT‐PCR and proteins by Western blot. Aspalathin is found to protect β cells against cytotoxicity and apoptosis. This is associated with increased translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) and expression of its antioxidant target genes heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo‐1), and superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1).ConclusionIt is proposed that aspalathin protects β cells against glucotoxicity and oxidative stress by increasing the expression of NRF2‐regulated antioxidant enzymes. This indicates that aspalathin is an interesting β cell cytoprotectant.
A practical method for the reuse of nanoDot OSLDs and predicting sensitivities up to at least 7000 cGy
Authors: Zhuang Audrey H. , Olch Arthur J. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeOptically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLDs) are often used to make in vivo dose measurements. Most users calibrate the OSLDs using the software provided by the vendor which typically is intended for doses up to about 300 cGy with an uncertainty of ±5.5%. OSLDs that reach that dose are then discarded, and new ones are purchased and calibrated. A method has been developed for reusing OSLDs and predicting dose sensitivity up to at least 7000 cGy.Materials and methodsThe nanoDot OSLDs used in this study were routinely used to do in vivo measurements for TBI patients. Instead of using the calibration program provided by the vendor, each nanoDot was bleached to about 100 counts (~0.1 cGy), then calibrated with 50 cGy to produce a sensitivity specific to each nanoDot prior to the patient measurement. NanoDots were read in the hardware mode and the sensitivity factor was applied manually to subsequent patient in‐vivo TBI measurements. This was followed by bleaching prior to the next use. The changes of nanoDot sensitivity relative to accumulated dose were analyzed among nine nanoDots. In addition, a method to predict a nanoDot’s sensitivity was investigated which aims to reduce the number of sensitivity calibrations while retaining dosimetric accuracy.ResultsIndividual per‐use nanodot calibrations were performed up to 7000 cGy for 37 clinical TBI patients. Among the nine nanoDots analyzed in this paper, the sensitivity vs accumulated dose decreased linearly up to about 3000 cGy, with linear fitting curve R2 values above 0.93. After 3000 cGy of accumulated dose, the sensitivity started to plateau and tended to increase by 6000 cGy, with 2nd order polynomial curve R2 values above 0.94. With this finding, an efficient and accurate method to predict nanoDots’ sensitivities was developed. With the method applied to the nine OSLDs, a total of 127 sensitivities were predicted and retrospectively compared with measured sensitivities. The predicted sensitivities agreed with measured sensitivities within ±4.0% with an average of −0.8%.ConclusionsThis study is the first to demonstrate the reuse of nanoDot OSLDs on numerous patients with accumulated dose up to 7000 cGy. Our nanoDot re‐usage methodology is accurate, cost‐saving and feasible. A time‐saving method is also provided that allows a user to reuse a nanoDot with sensitivities predicted with better accuracy than the 5.5% value provided by the conventional batch calibration method.
Oscillating diffusion‐encoding with a high gradient‐amplitude and high slew‐rate head‐only gradient for human brain imaging
Authors: Tan Ek T. , Shih Robert Y. , Mitra Jhimli , Sprenger Tim , Hua Yihe , Bhushan Chitresh , Bernstein Matt A. , McNab Jennifer A. , DeMarco J. Kevin , Ho Vincent B. , Foo Thomas K. F. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeWe investigate the importance of high gradient‐amplitude and high slew‐rate on oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE) diffusion imaging for human brain imaging and evaluate human brain imaging with OGSE on the MAGNUS head‐gradient insert (200 mT/m amplitude and 500 T/m/s slew rate).MethodsSimulations with cosine‐modulated and trapezoidal‐cosine OGSE at various gradient amplitudes and slew rates were performed. Six healthy subjects were imaged with the MAGNUS gradient at 3T with OGSE at frequencies up to 100 Hz and b = 450 s/mm2. Comparisons were made against standard pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) diffusion in vivo and in an isotropic diffusion phantom.ResultsSimulations show that to achieve high frequency and b‐value simultaneously for OGSE, high gradient amplitude, high slew rates, and high peripheral nerve stimulation limits are required. A strong linear trend for increased diffusivity (mean: 8–19%, radial: 9–27%, parallel: 8–15%) was observed in normal white matter with OGSE (20 Hz to 100 Hz) as compared to PGSE. Linear fitting to frequency provided excellent correlation, and using a short‐range disorder model provided radial long‐term diffusivities of D∞,MD = 911 ± 72 µm2/s, D∞,PD = 1519 ± 164 µm2/s, and D∞,RD = 640 ± 111 µm2/s and correlation lengths of lc,MD = 0.802 ± 0.156 µm, lc,PD = 0.837 ± 0.172 µm, and lc,RD = 0.780 ± 0.174 µm. Diffusivity changes with OGSE frequency were negligible in the phantom, as expected.ConclusionThe high gradient amplitude, high slew rate, and high peripheral nerve stimulation thresholds of the MAGNUS head‐gradient enables OGSE acquisition for in vivo human brain imaging.
Evaluation of body composition as a potential biomarker in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Baranello Giovanni , De Amicis Ramona , Arnoldi Maria Teresa , Zanin Riccardo , Mastella Chiara , Masson Riccardo , Leone Alessandro , Alberti Katia , Foppiani Andrea , Battezzati Alberto , Bertoli Simona 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to investigate the correlation between body composition (BC) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)‐specific motor function assessments.MethodsPatients with SMA types I or II, aged 1 to 10 years, were recruited in this cross‐sectional study. The protocol included anthropometric measurements, and dual‐energy X‐ray absoprtiometry to assess fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), fat‐free mass (FFM), FM and FFM indexes (FMI, FFMI), and motor function assessments (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders scale for SMAI, and Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale―Expanded for SMAII).ResultsEighty‐eight children were included. All had a higher FM percentage than reference values. Motor function was moderately correlated with body mass index (BMI), FFMI, and LMI in SMAI, and weakly correlated with FFMI, LMI, and LM:FM ratio in SMAII.DiscussionBC shows promise as a potential biomarker for SMA, but further studies are needed.
Urinary and fecal incontinence are independently associated with falls risk among older women and men with complex needs: A national population study
Authors: Schluter Philip J. , Askew Deborah A. , Jamieson Hamish A. , Arnold Edwin P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo determine the relationships between urinary incontinence (UI), fecal incontinence (FI), and falls risk among community‐dwelling older women and men with complex needs, after controlling for confounders.MethodsAll community care recipients in New Zealand undergo standardized needs assessments, using the Home Care International Residential Assessment Instrument (interRAI‐HC), which elicits information over multiple domains, including UI and FI frequency and falls. Consenting women and men aged greater than or equal to 65 years with at least one interRAI‐HC assessment undertaken between 1 July 2012 and 1 June 2018 were investigated using multilevel mixed effects ordinal regression models, stratified by sex.ResultsOverall, 57 781 (61.8%) women and 35 681 (38.2%) men were eligible, contributing 138 302 interRAI‐HC assessments. At first assessment, the average age was 82.0 years (range: 65‐109 years); high falls risk was common, found among 8.8% of women and 12.4% of men; and 43.7% of women and 33.7% of men reported some incontinence. For women, the adjusted odds of increasing falls risk was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.30) for those with occasional UI, 1.36 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.43) for those with frequent UI, and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.26) for those with any FI compared with their continent counterparts. Among men, the adjusted odds were 1.49 (95% CI: 1.41, 1.58) for any UI and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.27) for any FI.ConclusionUI and FI are common, have separate associations with falls risk among women and men, and would benefit from routine screening in primary health care for older adults.
Maternal Birth Weight and BMI Mediate the Transgenerational Effect of Grandmaternal BMI on Grandchild’s Birth Weight
Authors: Shen Yan , Zhang Hongmei , Jiang Yu , Mzayek Fawaz , Arshad Hasan , Karmaus Wilfried 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe aims of this study are to examine the potential association between grandmaternal BMI and grandchild’s birth weight (BW) and whether maternal BW and BMI mediate this association.MethodsData of 209 grandmother‐mother pairs and 355 grandchildren from the Isle of Wight birth cohort in the UK were analyzed using path analysis.ResultsAn indirect effect of grandmaternal BMI on increasing grandchild’s BW was mediated by maternal BW and BMI at age 18 years (indirect effects: β = 2.3 g/unit increase in grandmaternal BMI via maternal BW and β = 4.4 g via maternal BMI; P = 0.04). These two mediating effects of maternal BW and BMI confounded one another. Grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy had an indirect effect on decreasing grandchild’s BW, dependent on maternal smoking during pregnancy and BW (indirect effects: β = −36.1 g compared with nonsmoking grandmothers via maternal smoking during pregnancy and β = −27.2 g via maternal BW; P = 0.005). Neither direct effect between grandmaternal BMI and grandchild’s BW nor that between grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy and grandchild’s BW was statistically significant.ConclusionsLarger grandmaternal BMI indirectly increased grandchild’s BW via maternal BW and BMI. Grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy indirectly reduced grandchild’s BW via maternal smoking during pregnancy and BW.
Alterations of Serum Ser312‐Phosphorylated Fetuin‐A from Exercise‐Induced Moderate Body Weight Loss in Individuals with Obesity
Authors: Ren Guang , Bowers Robert L. , Kim Teayoun , Araya‐Ramirez Felipe , Mahurin A. Jack , Dean David M. , Grandjean Peter W. , Mathews Suresh T. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivePhosphorylated fetuin‐A (pFet‐A) inhibits insulin action and has been shown to be associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The objective of this cohort study was to assess the effect of incremental body weight loss on alterations in serum pFet‐A and indexes of insulin sensitivity.MethodsA total of 16 men with obesity attained a targeted weight loss of 8% to 10% of their initial body weight by achieving an energy expenditure/deficit of 2,000 to 2,500 kcal/wk. Anthropometric assessments and blood samples were obtained every 4 weeks. Weight loss was calculated and partitioned as 2% to 4%, 4% to 6%, 6% to 8%, and 8% to 10% compared with initial body weight.ResultsTargeted body weight loss of 8% to 10% decreased serum pFet‐A, pFet‐A:Fet‐A ratio, fasting insulin, log(homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, adipose insulin resistance, and insulin resistance index significantly. Percent changes in serum pFet‐A were associated with percent changes in indexes of insulin sensitivity. Unlike insulin sensitivity indexes, which were altered starting with 6% to 8% weight loss, serum pFet‐A levels were significantly decreased by 19.6% starting with 2% to 4% weight loss and decreased by 25.6%, 36.8%, and 42.3% with 4% to 6%, 6% to 8%, and 8% to 10% weight loss, respectively.ConclusionsThis study reports for the first time that the insulin‐sensitizing effects of moderate weight loss are associated with a reduction in serum pFet‐A levels.
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a plant model system to study mitochondrial complex I dysfunction
Authors: Subrahmanian Nitya , Castonguay Andrew David , Fatnes Thea Aspelund , Hamel Patrice Paul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMitochondrial complex I, a proton‐pumping NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase, is required for oxidative phosphorylation. However, the contribution of several human mutations to complex I deficiency is poorly understood. The unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was utilized to study complex I as, unlike in mammals, mutants with complete loss of the holoenzyme are viable. From a forward genetic screen for complex I‐deficient insertional mutants, six mutants exhibiting complex I deficiency with assembly defects were isolated. Chlamydomonas mutants isolated from our screens, lacking the subunits NDUFV2 and NDUFB10, were used to reconstruct and analyze the effect of two human mutations in these subunit‐encoding genes. The K209R substitution in NDUFV2, reported in Parkinson's disease patients, did not significantly affect the enzyme activity or assembly. The C107S substitution in the NDUFB10 subunit, reported in a case of fatal infantile cardiomyopathy, is part of a conserved C‐(X)11‐C motif. The cysteine substitutions, at either one or both positions, still allowed low levels of holoenzyme formation, indicating that this motif is crucial for complex I function but not strictly essential for assembly. We show that the algal mutants provide a simple and useful platform to delineate the consequences of patient mutations on complex I function.
Label‐Free Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of LAD2 Mast Cell Releasates Reveals the Mechanism of Tween‐80‐Induced Anaphylactoid Reaction
Authors: Mi Yan‐Ni , Yan Ping‐Ping , Di Jia , Cao Lei , Xiao Xue , Liu Dong‐Zheng , Cao Yong‐Xiao 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTween‐80 is one of the most important causes resulting in anaphylactoid reaction. However, its mechanism remains unclear. Proteomic characterizations of mast cells’ excreta in response to Tween‐80 are assayed to investigate the mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction.Experimental designA label‐free LCMS/MS‐based proteomics is used to analyze Tween‐80‐stimulated Laboratory of Allergic Diseases 2 (LAD2) mast cells releasates. The results of proteomic are analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Western blotting is used to verify the expression of proteins.ResultsOverall, endocytosis, nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), and calcium signaling pathways play important roles in Tween‐80‐induced LAD2 cells activation by bioinformatics analysis. The expressions of relative proteins including actin‐related protein 2/3 complexes, vacuolar protein sorting‐associated protein, phosphorylation of transcription factor of P105 and P65, phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), phosphoinositide phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ), and protein kinase C (PKC), are significantly increased in Tween‐80 group compared to control. Tween‐80 might be internalized via endocytosis, which induces degranulation by PLCγ/PKC pathways mediated calcium influx, and promotes the generation of inflammatory mediators via NF‐κB pathway resulting in anaphylactoid reaction.