bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart measurement and control system of condition of a local technosphere
Authors: Baranov V A , Bezborodova O E , Bodin A Ju , Bodin O N , Gerasimov A I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article proposes a smart system of measurement of and control over a local technosphere’s condition. A basic element of this system, which allows for minimizing control errors, is a smart sensor which gives an opportunity to measure, transform, and automatically detect and correct measurement results. In order to minimize control errors within threshold values of parameters, we suggest transforming the sensitivity of a smart sensor using the Monte Carlo method. Structural schemes of a smart measurement and control system and an intelligent sensor are proposed, as well as an algorithm for transforming the sensitivity of an intelligent sensor based on the Monte Carlo method.
Development of steelmaking slag processing scheme for environmental stress reduction
Authors: Sviridova T V , Bobrova O B , Ilina O Yu , Nekerov E A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper proposes a method of processing steelmaking slag in order to save resources. The authors propose to include partial granulation of steelmaking slags in the processing scheme. This option includes draining the slag melt from the steelmaking unit into ladles and dividing the slag melt into two parts, one of which is enriched in iron. The resulting product can be recommended for use in construction, in agriculture as fertilizers, as well as as a slag-forming flux in steelmaking. During the experiments, the possibility of pyrometallurgical reduction of iron from metallurgical slag was revealed. The influence of the reduction temperature on the yield of iron from the slag is established.
Optimization of complex parameters of urban distribution electric networks
Authors: Taslimov A D , Rakhmonov I U 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article contains an optimization analysis of the patterns of formation of a set of parameters with all the constraints affecting, which revealed the economic feasibility of using a limited number of cable sections used. With the help of the criterion analysis method, the economically reasonable values of the parameters being optimized are determined and recommendations are made on the use of the obtained optimal parameters for distribution electric networks.
Numerical simulation of a supersonic separator
Authors: Nasyrova M I , Kulakov P A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The current paper presents data on supersonic flow simulation process. The main goal of the study was to demonstrate supersonic separation technology with the help of computational fluid dynamics. In order to determine the quality of separation process itself a supersonic separator has been designed and numerically simulated. The study is mainly concentrated on investigation of the flow structure in the supersonic separator. As a result of the calculation, effective separation factor has been determined, separation process is qualitatively evaluated and described, flow simulation process is visually presented.
Analysis of the implementation of biogas plants: pluses and minuses of the thermophilic digestion
Authors: An J , Sokolinskaya N E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Analysis of world practices in the implementation of biogas plants is presented for the growth energy efficiency in Russia. The object of study is biogas technologies used for the disposal of animal waste products. The subject of the study is a biogas plant for processing animal waste products, implemented in Russia. The purpose of the study is to develop a technological scheme for producing biogas for farms. The advantages of the thermophilic mode of fermentation include: an increased rate of decomposition of raw materials and, therefore, a higher biogas yield, as well as the almost complete destruction of pathogenic bacteria contained in the substrate. The disadvantages of thermophilic digestion include are the need to supply a significant amount of energy to heat the raw material in the digester and maintain its temperature, the increased sensitivity of the process to minimal temperature fluctuations and a slightly lower quality of the obtained fertilizers compared to the mesophilic regime, which maintains a higher amino acid composition of the fertilizer.
Cause and effect analysis of failures at Russian nuclear power plants between years 1992 and 2018
Authors: Ivanov A I , Egorov M Yu , Stepashkina A S , Kritchenkov A S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Multiple systems determine safe operation of every nuclear power plant. Elements of these system may periodically fail due to some reasons. This article contains annual failure statistics analysis of Russian nuclear power plants between years 1992 and 2018. It was also assessed the effectiveness of nuclear power plant safety improvement measures, aimed on failure elimination.
Identification of damages zones of transfer line exchanger based on modeling
Authors: Bayazitov M I , Rubtsov A V , Kulakov P A , Bayazitov R M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The task was set to simulate a quenching and evaporation apparatus in a software package based on operational and technical documentation, considering the structural and operational characteristics, as well as modeling the thermo-force effect and identifying the most loaded zones of the structure. For research, the most common exploited design of the quenching-evaporation apparatus of the “pipe in pipe” type was chosen, consisting of a welded elbow, an external pipe 325x14 mm, an internal pipe 168x13 mm, conical eccentric transitions 300/100 mm and fittings. Materials of structural elements of the quenching and evaporation apparatus are steel 20 and steel 20X23H18. The apparatus is mounted on supports. Technologically, the quenching and evaporation apparatus is installed on the metalwork and at the outlet of the pyrolysis furnace and connected to the food coil. The authors conducted a thermo-power simulation of the quenching and evaporation apparatus considering operating conditions using the APM FEM system for solving engineering and research problems integrated into the COMPASS-3D computer-aided design system. It is proposed to use the calculation model and the obtained stress-strain state to identify the most loaded zones of the structural elements of the quenching and evaporation apparatus. It is proposed to use the results obtained in modeling the combined action of temperature loads and pressure to identify damage zones in structural elements. It is shown that in zones with the most dangerous stress-strain state, defects occur and localize in the form of thinning of the wall.
Method for monitoring evaluation of dominant influence processes of oxidation and temperature destruction on basic indications of bodies of motor oils
Authors: Ermilov Evgeniy A , Bezborodov Yuriy N , Kovalsky Boleslav I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The When the internal combustion engine is operated on friction surfaces, the processes of oxidation, temperature destruction and chemical reactions of metals with their products and additives proceed simultaneously. However, the dominant influence of one of the processes on the physico-chemical and anti-wear properties of oils has not been adequately studied. Therefore, the purpose of the present studies is to search for a new criterion that takes into account the optical properties of thermostated oil, viscosity index and antiwear properties. The experimental results of the empirical test of the thermooxidative stability of motor oils of various base bases, determined by the ratio of the product of optical density to the decimal logarithm of the viscosity index to the arithmetic mean of the wear spot diameter, are presented. It has been established that the base base of engine oils and test temperature has a different effect on the empirical criterion of thermooxidative stability.
Statistical methodology for taking into account multi-mode in the problems of electrical system functioning
Authors: Gerasimenko A A , Puzyrev E V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The problem of optimal compensation of reactive loads by the criterion of the minimum loss of electric energy is considered. To solve the problem, it is necessary to analyze the parameters of the whole set of steady-state modes of the electrical system and summarize the economic estimates of the whole variety of its modes (multi-mode). The direct use of the characteristics of each mode separately leads to a sharp increase in the volume of source data and the complexity of solving the corresponding problem. Since electrical loads are random variables, it is advisable to use a statistical approach and special methods of mathematical statistics, allowing to take into account the statistical nature of a significant part of the initial information. Moreover, multimode models using the moment correlation matrix of loads were widely recognized. A compact, concise presentation of load curves and high-dimensional MCMs seems to be the most effective on the basis of factor (component) analysis. The optimization process itself is based on the reduced gradient method as the most adapted one to solving electric power problems.
Comparative analysis of the dependence of the bulk elastic modulus of the liquid on pressure and gas factor
Authors: Lunev A S , Nikitin A A , Kaizer Y F , Lysyannikov A V , Sokolov D A , Obvintseva V Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper considers the dependence of the influence of the gas factor of a power fluid on the physical properties of hydraulic oils. When describing the processes, the hydraulic drive should be considered as a system with lumped parameters. The work is important because the hydraulic fluid is a mixture of liquid and undissolved gas. This mixture can arise when tanking and during dynamic processes because of the different dissolution rates of gas and flow rate of the liquid in a pressure fall in some spots of power fluid flow.
Investigation of environmental indicators of diesel engine when working on methanol
Authors: Chuvashev A N , Chuprakov A I 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe increasing negative impact of internal combustion engines on the environment has given rise to a number of global problems, which in recent years have become a serious problem for humanity. The problem of reducing the toxicity of engine exhaust gases has become global and has become common to all countries. Toxic components of engine exhaust gases, entering the atmosphere, are transported by air currents over long distances, so reducing the content of toxic components of diesel engines is an urgent and urgent task, considered at the Federal level. The article presents an analysis of the main toxic components and an overview of the main ways of using methanol in engines, the application of the most effective method of using methyl alcohol for a diesel engine is considered. According to the results of laboratory and bench studies of various load and speed modes of a diesel engine running on methanol and diesel fuel, data on the content of the main components in the exhaust gases were obtained, and a conclusion was made about the efficiency of using methanol as a motor fuel.
Methods for solving the problems of extending the resource of offshore stationary platforms: case study
Authors: Starokon I V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Currently, many countries of the world are developing offshore mineral deposits (oil, gas, coal, gold, etc.) Minerals in offshore deposits are being milked using offshore stationary platforms, many of which have exhausted their design life. The extension of the resource of such structures is carried out by conducting their examination of industrial safety. However, an expert carrying out this extension has a number of tasks that have not been resolved to date. One of these tasks is the high statistical variability of the results of a comprehensive diagnostic examination, which does not allow to predict the probability of detection of dangerous defects. Another problem is the lack of a theory that allows one to predict the probability of the occurrence of a wave of high security for an extended service life if no such wave action has been recorded since the start of operation. In the article, the author provides his own solution to these problems.
Flexible textile power module
Authors: Yong S , Shi J , Beeby S P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper reports the design, fabrication and testing of a flexible textile power module consisting of a ferroelectret energy harvester and solid-state supercapacitor energy storage device. Both devices can be combined and fabricated in a single woven textile layer. The textile ferroelectret achieved a peak power output of 0.47 μW.cm−2 for a compressive force of around 350 N, and the single layer textile supercapacitor obtained an area capacitance of 5.2 mF.cm−2. The ferroelectret can charge the textile supercapacitor via a full bridge rectifier to 48 mV in 40 seconds demonstrating the feasibility of combining these devices on the single textile.
A fully-enclosed wrist-wearable hybrid nanogenerator for self-powered sensors
Authors: Maharjan Pukar , Park Jae Y. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a fully-enclosed wrist-wearable hybrid nanogenerator (WHN) based on electromagnetic-triboelectric mechanism is reported with an outstanding energy harvesting performance. The proposed WHN integrates rolling electromagnetic induction and electrostatic induction of a free-standing spherical magnetic inside a hollow circular tube. The human wrist motion initiates the magnetic ball to freely roll inside the tube, generating both electromagnetic and triboelectric energy. The WHN is capable of converting diverse human wrist biomechanical energy such swinging, waving, shaking, etc. into a useful electrical energy which can continuously power the wrist-wearable electronic devices and sensors such as wrist-watch, fitness band and so on. The experimental results show that the WHN can deliver the average power of 3.46 mW under the load resistance of 100 Ω. A commercial electronic wrist-watch is successfully powered continuously for more than 18 mins from just 5 s of wrist motion by wearing WHN on wrist. Also, a commercial temperature sensor is driven for 132 s form 88 s of slow walking by wearing WHN on wrist. Remarkably, the experimental results and outstanding demonstration shows the wide potential of the WHN as a sustainable power supply for developing self-powered wearable healthcare monitoring sensors.
Testing of a 3D-Printed Solar Micro-Reactor for Hydrogen Production via Natural Gas Reforming
Authors: Camus Paul , Dufault J-F. , Mehanovic D. , Braidy N. , Fréchette L. G. , Picard M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the design, fabrication, and successful real-condition testing of a solar micro-reactor for hydrogen synthesis via steam methane reforming (SMR). This micro-reactor integrates all the sub-processes necessary for SMR in a network of small three-dimensional channels, making it well-suited for implementation on the commercially available parabolic trough solar concentrators. Additive manufacturing was used to create an operational prototype of this micro-reactor. The prototype was integrated to a parabolic mirror for solar concentration, and tested in real conditions. Complete methane conversion to syngas was obtained with an absorbed solar radiation equivalent to 240 suns, which demonstrates the feasibility of solar SMR at moderate solar concentration.
Co-optimization of a piezoelectric energy harvesting system for broadband operation
Authors: Zhao S , Radhakrishna U , Hanly S , Ma J , Lang J H , Buss D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The goal of this research is to increase the bandwidth (BW) over which substantial energy can be harvested using a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH). The key innovation is the use of bias-flip (BF) electronics at the output of a PEH having a large electromechanical coupling coefficient

κ

e

2

. For a PEH with large

κ

e

2

, the open-circuit resonance frequency f
oc is substantially larger than the short-circuit resonance frequency f
sc. Over the intervening range, the reactive part of the conjugate matched load impedance is small, and can be approximated using BF electronics in which the BF voltage is sufficiently small and the BF losses are small. This results in a large BW over which substantial energy can be harvested. Experimental results using a commercially available PEH are presented to demonstrate this concept. Design guidelines are provided for achieving PEHs having increased

κ

e

2

.
A Silicon MEMS EM vibration energy harvester
Authors: Yang Y. , Radhakrishna U. , Ward D. , Chandrakasan A. P. , Lang J. H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an optimized silicon-MEMS electromagnetic vibration energy harvester suitable for applications such as machine health monitoring. The harvester comprises a DRIE-etched silicon suspension, and pick-and-place N42 NdBFe magnets and copper coils, housed in a 3D-printed package. The harvester is designed to operate near 50 Hz with 0.5-1 g vibrations using a long-stroke suspension. Multi-domain harvester optimization results in an open-circuit voltage of 1.7 V, a matched-load power output of 2.2 mW, and a matched-load power-output density of 1.23 mW/cm3 at 1.1 g with a resonance frequency of 76.3 Hz.
A novel flexible conductive sponge-like electrode capable of generating electrical energy from the direct oxidation of aqueous glucose
Authors: Desmaële D , La Malfa F , Rizzi F , Qualtieri A , Di Lorenzo M , De Vittorio M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a new sponge-like electrode (SLE) material structured with porous gold (PG). The fabrication process is simple and no specific equipment is required. Notably, the use of liquid metal particles enables the direct growth of PG into the pores of a flexible conductive support matrix. With a SLE sample 13 mm long, 6 mm wide and 1.5 mm thick immersed in a 10 mM glucose solution, we demonstrate that a volumetric power density of 2.4 mW·cm
−3
at ≈5 mA·cm
−3
and 0.48 V can be reached without using any enzymes. Because the process presented is versatile and scalable, we envision SLEs with long-term stability that could to meet the power budget of various wearable/bioelectronic devices.
Design, microfabrication and characterization of free form factor, lightweight thin film battery for powering bioinspired Nano-drones based on MEMS actuation
Authors: Oukassi S , Poncet S , Frutos J R , Salot R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the manufacturing and characterization results of biomimetic shaped thin film batteries (TFB). The final structures presented a total mass of approximately 60mg per cm² of active area, with a mean overall thickness of 100µm. Experimental results of TFB cycling at different C rates showed almost no capacity fade for current densities between 0.5 and 10mA, leading to surface energy densities as high as 0.15 mWh.cm−2 and power densities up to 5mW.cm−2.The achieved electrochemical results are among the highest values reported in the literature for such miniaturized energy devices, which will contribute to bring new solutions for powering MEMS actuation based micro/nanorobotics.
Development of All-solid-state Thin-film Secondary Battery for MEMS and IoT Device
Authors: Suzuki A , Sasaki S , Jimbo T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
All-solid-state thin-film secondary battery (TFB) has come to recognized as one of the key enabling technologies for stand-alone MEMS/sensor devices which are indispensable for internet-of-things (IoT) solution. This paper presents on anode material development for TFB. Silicon is promising candidate to replace metallic lithium due to high heat-resistant and even high theoretical specific capacity. In this work, the effect of titanium addition on sputtered silicon electrode performance was investigated in order to improve not only mechanical damage but also resistivity.
Zero and Near Zero Power Intelligent Microsystems
Authors: Olsson R H , Gordon C , Bogoslovov R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Near Zero Power RF and Sensor Operations (N-ZERO) program from DARPA has created a new, nanowatt class of intelligent sensors and RF receivers enabling systems that are passive or nearly passive while operating in an intelligent standby mode. Such systems can be persistently powered by small batteries for many years or perpetually via miniature energy harvesters. The program sought wake-up receivers with a sensitivity of -100dBm and physical sensors that could classify vehicles at a range of 10 m, with power consumption on order of the self-discharge rate of a small battery. Furthermore, researchers with designs that fit other applications, such as chemical and IR sensors, were open to participate as well. From the program multiple approaches have emerged featuring passive and active MEMS devices and subthreshold CMOS circuits. The overall goals of the program have helped to redefine the state-of-the art in ultra-low power receivers, machine learning processors, and passive physical sensors.
Robust Self-powered Wireless Plant-monitoring Sensor System with Sap-activated Battery
Authors: Okamoto S , Furumori R , Tanaka A , Utsunomiya F , Douseki T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A robust self-powered wireless plant-monitoring sensor with a wide operating margin is proposed. The sensor consists of a sap-activated battery with a storage capacitor, an intermittent-power-supply circuit, and a wireless transmitter. The battery is composed of a galvanized iron nail inserted into the stem of a plant and multiple stainless-steel rods planted in the soil to enable robust operation. A sap-activated battery varies the current generation when the position of the nail inserted into the stem is changed. The battery with multiple stainless-steel rods increases the generating current and makes it possible to perform sensing operation no matter where the nail is inserted. The effectiveness of our wireless sensor system was evaluated for a tomato grown in a commercial greenhouse.
Metal-Metal Thermoelectric Harvester
Authors: Köhler E , Enoksson P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A 3-couples proof-of-concept harvester (55×6 mm2) was assembled by spot welding 0.1 mm thick molybdenum foil and 0.15 mm thick nickel foil together. To insulate the foils from each other at the hot side a 0.1 mm thick glass fiber sheet was placed between the foils. At the cold side the harvester was insulated with 0.1 mm polyimide tape for easier handling and fabrication of the harvester. The load resistance measurement gave impedance match of approximately 0.24 Ω at 28°C, which slowly decreased to approximately 0.1 Ω as the temperature increased to 172°C. With a temperature gradient of 172°C (0-172°C) and 0.125 (±0.025) Ω load resistance, a power output was measured to 450 (±85) µW at 7.2 mV.
Printable Thermoelectric Device
Authors: Miyazaki K. , Kuriyama K. , Yabuki T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We have fabricated a printed flexible thermoelectric generator using composite of Bi2Te3 and PEDOT:PSS. The nano-structured thermoelectric thin film was made by printing method and the paste for printing was prepared by mixing nano-particles of Bi2Te3, PEDOT:PSS and polyamic acid as a additives. The non-dimensional figure of merit was 0.2 for p-type composite thin film at room temperature due to the low thermal conductivity. The interfacial thermal resistance between Bi2Te3 and PEDOT:PSS was measured to understand the low effective thermal conductivity of the printed thermoelectric composite. The measured organic-inorganic interfacial thermal resistance is in the order of 10−7 (m2·K)/W which is about 10 times higher than the inorganic-inorganic interfacial thermal resistance. The extremely low thermal conductivity of the printed thermoelectric materials can be explained by high interfacial resistance between inorganic-organic materials.