bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal vaccination policy to prevent endemicity: a stochastic model
Authors: Foutel-Rodier Félix , Charpentier Arthur , Guérin Hélène 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We examine here the effects of recurrent vaccination and waning immunity on the establishment of an endemic equilibrium in a population. An individual-based model that incorporates memory effects for transmission rate during infection and subsequent immunity is introduced, considering stochasticity at the individual level. By letting the population size going to infinity, we derive a set of equations describing the large scale behavior of the epidemic. The analysis of the model’s equilibria reveals a criterion for the existence of an endemic equilibrium, which depends on the rate of immunity loss and the distribution of time between booster doses. The outcome of a vaccination policy in this context is influenced by the efficiency of the vaccine in blocking transmissions and the distribution pattern of booster doses within the population. Strategies with evenly spaced booster shots at the individual level prove to be more effective in preventing disease spread compared to irregularly spaced boosters, as longer intervals without vaccination increase susceptibility and facilitate more efficient disease transmission. We provide an expression for the critical fraction of the population required to adhere to the vaccination policy in order to eradicate the disease, that resembles a well-known threshold for preventing an outbreak with an imperfect vaccine. We also investigate the consequences of unequal vaccine access in a population and prove that, under reasonable assumptions, fair vaccine allocation is the optimal strategy to prevent endemicity.
Territoriality in adult male sub-Antarctic fur seals at Gough Island
Authors: Bester M. N. , Rossouw G. J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We analysed unpublished data on territory size and tenure in adult male sub-Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus tropicalis recorded at Gough Island, Southern Ocean, during the 1975/76 austral summer breeding season. Adult males (n=15) remained on their territories for between 35–56 days (mean 45.4±6.7 days). Territory size during the peak breeding season was 21.9 m2 on average (n=42), but when partitioned by beach type, average territory sizes were 13.8 (n=9), 20.1 (n=17) and 28.3 m2 (n=16). Both territory tenure and territory size fall within the reported range of values established in fur seal species which hold territories on land as the predominant male reproductive strategy. We highlight numerous confounding factors that impact comparative studies which should be considered when interpreting theoretical, conceptual, and modelling approaches about territorial behaviour in otariids.
Atherosclerotic plaque evolution predicts cerebral ischemic events in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis: a multicentre longitudinal study using high-resolution MRI
Authors: Yao Weihe , Chen Hongbing , Huang Kangmo , Peng Wenjia , Zhang Xuefeng , Yang Dahong , Teng Zhongzhao , Shen Jinhua , Yang Jialuo , Cheng Xiaoqing , Han Yunfei , Zhu Wusheng , Wang Junjun , Du Juan , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) is the leading cause of ischemic stroke in Asians and the recurrent rate remains high despite the optimal medical treatment. This study aimed to confirm that follow-up high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (hrMRI) provided essential values in predicting subsequent cerebral ischemic events in patients with ICAS.

Methods
Patients with moderate to severe stenosis in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) defined by magnetic resonance (MRA) or computed tomography angiography (CTA) were recruited from three centers retrospectively. Detailed plaque composition was analyzed on baseline and follow-up hrMRI. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify the key risk factors for predicting subsequent ischemic events.

Results
Among 152 patients, a total of 86 patients with MCA atherosclerotic stenosis underwent follow-up hrMRI exams and ipsilateral cerebral ischemic events occurred in 12 patients during a 1-year follow-up. Analyses showed the predictors of ischemic events were age (adjusted Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.942; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), [0.903, 0.983]; p = 0.006), progression of plaque burden (HR = 3.818; 95% CI [1.117, 13.051]; p = 0.033), vessel expansion (HR = 5.173; 95% CI [1.077, 24.838]; p = 0.040) and enhancement ratio progression (HR = 6.144; 95% CI [1.480, 25.511]; p = 0.012). The combined model achieved a concordance index of 0.804 (95% CI [0.658, 0.950]).

Conclusion
Longitudinal hrMRI evaluation improved the accuracy in identifying higher-risk patients with intracranial atherosclerosis.

Key Points
QuestionCan longitude high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (hrMRI) help clinicians observe intracranial plaque evolution?
FindingsCompared with the baseline exam, intracranial plaque evolution distinguished by follow-up hrMRI exam showed a higher accuracy in predicting subsequent ischemic events.
Clinical relevanceLongitudinal high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging enables dynamic observation and evaluation of the changes in plaque characteristics among intracranial atherosclerosis patients. Atherosclerotic plaque evolution revealed by repeated exams can strengthen the risk stratification of patients with intracranial atherosclerosis.
Congenital heart disease and arrhythmia disorders in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a 23-year experience at a UK university pediatric surgical centre
Authors: Lee Wan Teng , Kwok Chun Sui , Losty Paul D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) and index newborns reportedly may experience cardiac arrhythmia disorders [Tella et al.—Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2022]. This study analyses, details and reports contemporary outcome metrics of CHD and cardiac rhythm disease (CRD) in CDH babies attending a university surgical centre.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of medical records of all newborns undergoing Bochdalek CDH repair between 1999 and 2021 at a university paediatric surgical centre. CDH newborns with CHD and neonatal arrythmias were identified from echocardiogram and electrocardiogram (ECG) investigative studies. Operative native diaphragm and / or use of patch repair(s) was documented. Outcome(s) measured—(i) mortality and (ii) cardiopulmonary interventions including ventilatory strategies—ECMO (%), inotropes and anti-arrhythmic therapy(s).

Results
Of 173 CDH neonates, 95 (55%) had CHD of which 9 babies (10%) had cardiac arrhythmias. CDH and co-existing CHD was linked with (a) lower infant birth weights (3130 g vs 3357 g, p = 0.05), (b) increased use of inotrope agents (48.4% vs 39.3%, p = 0.03) and (c) greater use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (38.9% vs 23%, p = 0.004). CDH babies experiencing arrythmias were at higher risk (%) of developing pulmonary hypertension (66.7% vs 28.7%, p = 0.01). No significant differences were observed in ECMO utilisation (12% vs 6%, p = 0.46) or patch repair(s) (53% vs 46%, p = 0.06) in CDH patients with and without CHD. CHD was not associated with increased risk(s) of mortality (OR 2.58, 95% CI 0.81–8.24, p = 0.11). Of 9 index CDH patients with arrhythmias—4 babies (44%) required interventional treatments.

Conclusion
CHD was prevalent in a high percentage (%) of CDH newborns treated at this university centre and associated with increased use (%) of cardiovascular respiratory support including patch repair. A minority of patients (2.3%) had cardiac rhythm disorders requiring treatment(s). In those developing arrhythmias pulmonary hypertension may be a risk-linked event. Optimising outcomes to offset pulmonary hypertension requires further appraisal. Future large-scale population studies may help underscore the ‘real apparent incidence’ of cardiac rhythm disorders in CDH.
Association of aortic root diameter and vascular function with an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise among elite athletes
Authors: Most Astrid , Groesser Vincent , Hoelscher Sophie , Weber Rebecca , Akdogan-Gernandt Ebru , Kraushaar Lutz , Dörr Oliver , Sedighi Jamschid , Keranov Stanislav , Husain-Syed Faeq , Hamm Christian W. , Sossalla Samuel , Bauer Pascal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The systolic blood pressure/workload (SBP/MET) slope was recently reported to reliably identify an exaggerated blood pressure response (eBPR) in the normal population and in athletes. We investigated whether the aortic root diameter (AoD) also correlates with an eBPR and vascular function in elite athletes.

Methods
We examined 652 healthy male elite athletes (age 25.8 ± 5 years) of mixed sports with a standardized maximum exercise test. Central blood pressure and vascular function were measured non-invasively with a validated oscillometric device. The SBP/MET slope was calculated and the threshold for an eBPR was set at > 6.2 mmHg/MET. Two groups were defined (≤ 6.2 and > 6.2 mmHg/MET), and an association between AoD and vascular function with the SBP/MET slope was evaluated for each group.

Results
Athletes with an eBPR (n = 191, 29%) displayed a higher systolic central BP (103 ± 7.7 vs. 101 ± 9.2 mmHg, p = 0.004), larger AoD (32.8 ± 3.3 vs. 31.9. ± 3.2 mm, p < 0.001), a higher AoD/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) ratio (0.62 ± 0.061 vs. 0.59. ± 0.056, p < 0.001), a lower LVEDD/AoD ratio (1.64 ± 0.16 vs. 1.69. ± 0.16, p < 0.001), and a lower absolute (299 ± 59 vs. 379 ± 65 W, p < 0.001) and relative workload (3.17 ± 0.55 vs. 4.05 ± 1.2 W/kg, p < 0.001) vs. athletes with a normal SBP/MET slope (n = 461, 71%). No differences between the two groups were found after indexing AoD to body surface area (BSA) (14.76 ± 1.36 vs. 14.73 ± 1.41, p = 0.772).

Conclusion
Athletes with eBPR displayed altered AoD/LVEDD and LVEDD/AoD ratios, whereas AoD/BSA indexing was not different. Further longitudinal studies are encouraged to explore these metrics and their role in aortic remodeling of athletes.
Globin ferryl species: what is the nature of the protonation event at pH < 5?
Authors: Zagrean-Tuza Cezara , Padurean Lavinia , Lehene Maria , Branzanic Adrian M. V. , Silaghi-Dumitrescu Radu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe ferryl state in globins has previously been reported to undergo a protonation event below pH 5, as assessed using pH jump experiments with stopped-flow UV–Vis spectroscopy. This protonation entails hypsochromic shifts in the α and β bands (~ 20 to 40 nm) and an ~ 10 nm reduction in the energy difference between these two bands. We now report that in Mb this event is also characterized by a hypsochromic shift in the Soret band (~ 5 nm). No similar shifts in Soret, α, and β bands are seen upon the denaturation of ferryl Mb with guanidine—suggesting that the spectroscopic changes in ferryl Mb at pH < 5 are not caused by changes in the solvent exposure or in hydrogen bonding around the ferryl unit. Under the same denaturing conditions (pH jump below pH 5, and/or guanidine), ferric-aqua and ferrous-oxy Mb show no spectral changes of the order seen in the ferryl pH jump experiments. Together, these observations suggest that the protonation event is localized on the iron-bound oxygen atom, as opposed to somewhere on a hydrogen-bonding partner. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were not able to systematically predict the UV–Vis spectra of the heme to the level of detail needed to interpret the experimental findings in this study.
Graphical abstract
Classifying continuous GNSS stations using integrated machine learning
Authors: Le Nhung , Männel Benjamin , Bui Luyen K. , Schuh Harald 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The development of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) results in large spatial geodetic networks with a distinct range of accuracy. Thus, classification of the GNSS stations is needed to determine which stations are appropriate for geodetic applications. Additionally, advanced Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been proposed. However, ML algorithms may sometimes be less sensitive due to a lack of samples or anomalies in input data. Therefore, this study introduces an approach in which human-based supervision is integrated into ML processes to improve the ML model’s performance in classifying the continuous GNSS stations. The human factor influences the ML processes through two sampling strategies: “suggest-decide” and “correct-retrain”, where the accuracy of ML models will be improved via human-based corrections. The idea is that the unsupervised ML-based clustering techniques are driven by human-based supervision to create samples for training the supervised ML-based classification models. In this study, we develop a MATLAB app to automate the clustering and labeling processes. Our finding demonstrates that applying these sampling strategies can enhance the accuracy of the ML-based classification models from under 50 % up to

$$\sim$$

∼

99 % after re-training. Also, this study categorizes almost 9000 continuous monitoring stations in the Nevada database, of which 1900 stations in Europe serve as samples for training the ML-based classification models. Furthermore, the methodologies developed in this study can be applied to warning systems, which utilize internal and external human resources to correct errors, address unusual situations, and provide timely feedback for better performance of ML-based forecasts.
Gendered Cycles of Sexual Objectification: The Roles of Social Dominance Orientation and Perceived Social Mobility
Authors: Chan Rheal S. W. , Poon Kai-Tak 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of sexual objectification, the understanding of gender differences in its victimization and perpetration remains limited. We bridged victim and perpetrator perspectives, expecting that objectification victimization positively predicts perpetration, and investigated the mediating role of social dominance orientation (SDO), and gender and perceived social mobility as moderators. Participants (valid N = 530) completed measures of sexual objectification victimization, perceived social mobility, SDO, and sexual objectification perpetration. We found that sexual objectification victimization predicted its perpetration, and that this relationship was stronger among men than women. SDO partially mediated the moderation effect of gender, whereby mediation through SDO was significant among men, but not significant among women. Moreover, a three-way interaction between sexual objectification victimization, gender, and perceived social mobility predicted SDO and carried subsequent implications for sexual objectification perpetration. Despite the mediation effect through SDO not achieving significance among women, it was significantly moderated by perceived social mobility. Specifically, the indirect effect among women with high perceived social mobility was significantly different than that among women with low perceived social mobility, but not significantly different than that among men, whose results were not influenced by perceived social mobility. This study provides a more nuanced understanding of gender in sexual objectification—specifically that gender differences may be related to social power and differences in socialization. The findings offer implications for the development of theories and clinical programs for coping with objectification victimization and preventing perpetration.
Anthropogenically protected but naturally disturbed: a specialist carnivore at its southern range periphery
Authors: Squires John R. , Olson Lucretia E. , Ivan Jacob S. , McDonald Peter M. , Holbrook Joseph D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Understanding how species distributions and associated habitat are impacted by natural and anthropogenic disturbance is central for the conservation of rare forest carnivores dependent on subalpine forests. Canada lynx at their range periphery occupy subalpine forests that are structured by large-scale fire and insect outbreaks that increase with climate change. In addition, the Southern Rocky Mountains of the western United States is a destination for winter recreationists worldwide with an associated high degree of urbanization and resort development. We modeled habitat for a reintroduced population of Canada lynx in the Southern Rocky Mountains using an ensemble species distribution model built on abiotic and biotic covariates and validated with independent lynx locations including satellite telemetry, aerial telemetry, camera traps, den locations, and winter backtracking. Based on this model, we delineated Likely and Core lynx-habitat as thresholds that captured 95% and 50% of testing data, respectively. Likely (5727 km2) and Core (441 km2) habitat were spatially limited and patchily distributed across western Colorado, USA. Natural (e.g., insect outbreaks, fire) and anthropogenic (e.g., urbanization, ski resort development, forest management) disturbance overlapped 37% of Likely lynx-habitat and 24 % of highest quality Core. Although overlap with fire disturbance was low (5%), future burns likely represent the greatest potential impact over decades-long timeframes. The overlap of publicly owned lands administratively classified as “protected” with Likely (62% overlap) and Core (49%) habitat may insulate lynx from permanent habitat conversion due to direct human disturbance (urbanization, ski resort development).
Integrative taxonomy of two known dagger nematodes of the genus Xiphinema (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from the Amazon basin in South America, including the first report of X. brasiliense Lordello, 1951 from Colombia and Ecuador
Authors: Riascos-Ortíz Donald , Álvarez-Sánchez David E. , Llumiquinga Pablo , Camacho M. João , Inácio Maria L. , Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Carlos 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThree populations of dagger nematodes (Xiphinema spp.), one recovered from a cassava field (Manihot esculenta) in northern Ecuador and two other from a maize field (Zea mays) in southern Colombia, were characterized through an integrative approach using morphological data and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28S and ITS1region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the partial mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI mtDNA) sequences. Integrating morphological hypotheses with genetic data, the pseudomonodelphic population from Colombia was identified as X. krugi and the monodelphic populations from Colombia and Ecuador were identified as X. brasiliense. Bayesian inference (BI) trees for these three molecular markers allowed establishing phylogenetic relationships highlighting the importance of using phylogenetic data for accurate dagger nematode identification at the species level. To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. brasiliense from Ecuador and Colombia, and the first record of X. krugi in a southerly Colombian region, extending the geographical distribution of these species within South America. In this work, morphological information has been updated to distinguish among Xiphinema species within morphospecies Group 1 and 2. New molecular markers were generated and new knowledge on the genetic diversity, molecular evolution and the geographic distribution of monodelphic Xiphinema species is revealed. This research is one of the first systematic studies for Xiphinema detection in Colombia and Ecuador by an integrative taxonomy.
Tailoring to the Audience? On the Potential Harms of Message Framing in Vegan Activism
Authors: Spang Friderike 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of whether vegan activists should cater to their audience by framing their message according to the pre-existing values of their interlocutors. Specifically, I focus on deliberative activism, which is based on speech and exchanges with the audience. I propose that message framing can lead to a neglect of animal suffering in favor of focusing on less contentious motives for veganism, such as environmental or health benefits. I claim that neglecting the issue of animal suffering can have several problematic consequences. Concretely, I argue that message framing can: (1) lead to the objectification of animals, treating them as mere means to other ends (such as environmental and health benefits); (2) imply a denial of their personhood; (3) perpetuate their status as property; (4) enable future harm to animals; and (5) create a hierarchy of moral worth among different animal species. For these reasons, I suggest that message framing is less appealing than it initially seems.
Optical bandgap tuning in SnO2–MoS2 nanocomposites: manipulating the mass of SnO2 and MoS2 using sonochemical solution mixing
Authors: Ong Chinkhai , Lee Weng Nam , Tan Yee Seng , Ohberg Patrik , Hayashi Yasuhiko , Nishikawa Takeshi , Yap Yuenkiat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates controlled optical bandgap tuning through precise adjustment of the SnO2 and MoS2 mass in nanocomposites. A sonochemical solution mixing method, coupled with bath sonication, is employed for the preparation of SnO2–MoS2 nanocomposite. This approach allows for comprehensive characterization using UV–Vis FTIR, XRD, EDX, Raman spectroscopies, and FESEM, providing insights into morphology, chemical, and optical properties. Increasing the SnO2 mass leads to a linear decrease in the optical bandgap energy, from 3.0 to 1.7 eV. Similarly, increasing the MoS2 mass also results in a decrease in the optical bandgap energy, with a limitation of around 2.01 eV. This work demonstrates superior control over optical bandgap by manipulating the SnO2 mass compared to MoS2, highlighting the complexities introduced by MoS2 2D nanosheets during sonication. These findings hold significant value for optoelectronic applications, emphasizing enhanced control of optical bandgap through systematic mass manipulation.
On the effect of derivative interactions in quantum field theory
Authors: Rehren Karl-Henning 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThere exist several good reasons why one may wish to add a total derivative to an interaction in quantum field theory, e.g., in order to improve the perturbative construction. Unlike in classical field theory, adding derivatives in general changes the theory. The analysis whether and how this can be prevented is presently limited to perturbative orders $$g^n$$

g
n

, $$n\le 3$$

n
≤
3

. We drastically simplify it by an all-orders formula, which also allows to answer some salient structural questions. The method is part of a larger program to (re)derive interactions of particles by quantum consistency conditions, rather than a classical principle of gauge invariance.