bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thin layers in the coastal zone of Ubatuba, Brazil: Mechanisms of formation and dissipation
Authors: Penninck Silvana B. , Lopes Rubens M. , Lima Josiane F. , McManus Margaret A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThin layers are vertically compressed, horizontally extensive, highly concentrated features comprised of plankton and/or particles. They are critical components of the marine ecosystem, likely playing a key role in the life histories and evolutionary trajectories of species found in, or, interacting with them. These structures have been reported in diverse marine environments around the globe. However, the mechanisms of thin layer formation/dissipation in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean were unknown until this contribution. To assess the temporal evolution of thin phytoplankton layers on the inner shelf off Ubatuba, Brazil, we conducted two oceanographic fixed station cruises, including optics, acoustics, and imaging techniques. Over a period of 2 days, three thin layers were observed: within the pycnocline close to the maximum stratification, and below the pycnocline where phytoplankton were affected by enhanced nutrient supply provided by the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW). Changes in regional wind patterns influenced the presence of SACW, which directly affected shear and stratification: the primary physical mechanisms we attribute to thin layer formation in this region. The associated biological mechanisms contributing to thin layer formation were biomass accumulation (in situ growth) and likely the mobility of dinoflagellates. The dominant organisms in the thin layer depths and surroundings, by our in situ imaging system, were cyanobacteria, diatoms, dinoflagellates, and crustaceans. Thin Layers likely have crucial importance for meso‐oligotrophic environments, representing important feeding resources for higher trophic levels.
Putting the network to work: Learning networks in rapid response situations
Authors: Vinson Alexandra H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe rapid response to COVID‐19 has necessitated infrastructural development and reorientation in order to safely meet patient care needs.MethodsA qualitative case study was constructed within a larger ethnographic field study. Document collection and fieldnotes and recordings from nonparticipant observation of network activities were compiled and chronologically ordered to chart the network's response to changes in epilepsy care resulting from COVID‐19 and the rapid transition to telemedicine.ResultsThe network's response to COVID‐19 was characterized by a predisposition to action, the role of sharing as both a group practice and shared value, and the identification of improvement science as the primary contribution of the group within the larger epilepsy community's response to COVID‐19. The findings are interpreted as an example of how group culture can shape action via a transparent and mundane shared infrastructure.ConclusionsThe case of one multi‐stakeholder epilepsy Learning Network provides an example of the use of infrastructure that is shaped by the group's culture. These findings contribute to the development of a social theory of infrastructure within Learning Health Systems.
3D inkjet printing of biomaterials: Principles and applications
Authors: Barui Srimanta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article reviews the fundamental process physics and key applications of binder jetting and “direct” inkjet printing, as the two broad categories of 3D inkjet printing in biomedical device fabrication. Inkjet printing is prospective in contactless bioprinting for both hard and soft tissue regeneration in one hand, whereas on the other, it is immensely beneficial in the near‐net‐shaped manufacturing of patient/design‐specific implants for static load bearing (dental crown, denture frame), articulating (osteochondral cartilage implant) or in vivo blood vessel formation and tissue regeneration applications. With a comprehensive understanding of the governing theories of the transient process physics of both binder jetting and “direct” inkjet printing, the “processing‐3D microstructure‐property” correlation demonstrates the promise of this less explored technique in “reliable” medical manufacturing. Facilitated by the “on‐demand” delivery of small droplets (10–50 pL), inkjet printing can also be deployed to precisely deposit anti‐cancer/anti‐diabetic drugs on sophisticated medical devices for painless transdermal administration.
The impact of dropsonde data on a numerical simulation of landfalling Typhoon Mangkhut
Authors: Zhang ChengZhong , Chan PakWai , Wu NaiGeng , Huang YanYan , Hon KaiKwong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOn September 15, 2018, when Typhoon Mangkhut entered the northeastern South China Sea, nine dropsondes were released in the storm's northwest quadrant at 1000 UTC and five more were released in the northeast quadrant at 1200 UTC. The resulting data were used to analyse wind speed profiles that revealed a peak wind speed at 750 hPa in the northwest quadrant and at 900 hPa in the northeast quadrant. Two experiments were then run for 54 hr using the Globe/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System model, one assimilating the dropsonde data (DROP) and one without (CTRL), to investigate the impact of these data on typhoon forecasting. After the assimilation of dropsonde data at 1200 UTC, the analysis field showed the typhoon's circulation weakening at lower levels and strengthening at middle levels, and an intensification of the asymmetry of the typhoon's horizontal kinematic structure between its eastern and western parts. In addition, water vapour over the northwestern side increased from lower to middle levels, and the warm‐core structure was further strengthened. The dropsonde data assimilation resulted in improved quantitative precipitation forecasts during landfall: the averaged track error in the DROP was > 10% lower than in the CTRL and the maximum surface wind speeds and minimum sea level pressures were all closer to those observed before landfall. The findings from the study are preliminary and, therefore, more cases over the South China Sea are needed to obtain statistical significance.
Low radar cross‐section, broadband circularly polarized antenna using quaternary artificial magnetic conductor
Authors: Guo Meng , Wang Wei , Wang Jing , Gong Linshu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA quaternary artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed in this letter, and we design broadband circularly polarized antenna on this basis. The main innovation of this work resides in the way of realizing ultra‐wideband radar cross‐section (RCS) reduction. The quaternary AMC has different scattering mechanisms in the low and high bands. In low band, since the AMCs' reflection phases in diagonal are very close, the quaternary AMC can be regarded as a conventional binary checkerboard AMC. But with the variation of frequency, the different reflection phases in the high band will cause the quaternary AMC to be a surface structure like a coding diffuse metasurface. Ultimately, RCS reduction of more than 10 dB is realized from 7.5 to 21.3 GHz, where the bandwidth approximately accounts for 95.83% of the center frequency. Thanks to the proximity coupling, the AMC array around the original antenna, as the parasitic patch, plays a significant role in regulating and improving the axial ratio. The measurement and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed antenna obtains an axial ratio of <3 dB from 8.95 to 11.07 GHz, the impedance bandwidth (ie, VSWR ≤2) ranges from 8.45 to 11.80 GHz.
SPICE modeling for RF kink effect in body contacted PD‐SOI nMOSFETs
Authors: Lee Kiahn , Lee Seonghearn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn order to simulate anomalous RF kink effect where S21‐ and S22‐parameters in high‐resistivity partially depleted silicon‐on‐insulator MOSFETs with body contact rotate clockwise in the lower and upper semicircles of Smith chart, respectively, a new SPICE BSIMSOI4 macro model including empirical voltage‐dependent equations of current sources, inductance, capacitance, and resistance has been proposed. The accuracy of the empirical model is verified in the wide voltage range by comparing it with measured S‐parameters from 0.01 to 15 GHz.
A knowledge‐based quantitative approach to characterize treatment plan quality: Application to prostate VMAT planning
Authors: Alnaalwa Buthayna , Nwankwo Obioma , Abo‐Madyan Yasser , Giordano Frank A. , Wenz Frederik , Glatting Gerhard 
Published: October 2020

PurposeTo characterize treatment plan (TP) quality, a quantitative quality control (QC) tool is proposed. The tool is validated using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for treatment of prostate cancer by estimating the achievable organ at risk (OAR) sparing, based on the knowledge learned from prior plans.MethodsProstate TP quality was investigated by evaluating the achieved OAR sparing in the rectum and bladder, based on their proximity to target surface. The knowledge base used in this work comprises 450 plans, consisting of 181 homogenous prostate plans and 269 simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) prostate plans. A knowledge‐based algorithm was used to relate the absorbed doses of the OARs (rectum and bladder) and their proximity to the planning target volume (PTV). A metric (Mq,r value) was calculated to characterize the OAR sparing based on the weighted differences of the mean doses at binned distances to the PTV surface. The 90% probability ellipse of the normally distributed OARs Mq,r values was considered to define a threshold above which the treatment plan was re‐optimized.ResultsFollowing re‐optimization, 8/11 of the homogenous plans and 6/13 of the SIB plans outside the 90% probability ellipse could be re‐optimized to gain better OAR sparing while achieving the same or better target coverage. However, 3/4 of the homogenous TPs and 1/9 of the SIB TPs between 80% and 90% were improved. Mq,r values of bladder and rectum after re‐optimizing the plans in both groups of homogenous and SIB showed lower values compared to the corresponding values before re‐optimization, which implies that better OARs sparing was achieved.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates an effective anatomy‐specific QC tool for identifying suboptimal plans and determining the achievable OAR sparing for each individual patient anatomy.
Assessment of task‐based performance from five clinical DBT systems using an anthropomorphic breast phantom
Authors: Ikejimba Lynda C. , Salad Jesse , Graff Christian G. , Goodsitt Mitchell , Chan Heang‐Ping , Huang Hailiang , Zhao Wei , Ghammraoui Bahaa , Lo Joseph Y. , Glick Stephen J. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeDigital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a limited‐angle tomographic breast imaging modality that can be used for breast cancer screening in conjunction with full‐field digital mammography (FFDM) or synthetic mammography (SM). Currently, there are five commercial DBT systems that have been approved by the U.S. FDA for breast cancer screening, all varying greatly in design and imaging protocol. Because the systems are different in technical specifications, there is a need for a quantitative approach for assessing them. In this study, the DBT systems are assessed using a novel methodology with an inkjet‐printed anthropomorphic phantom and four alternative forced choice (4AFC) study scheme.MethodA breast phantom was fabricated using inkjet printing and parchment paper. The phantom contained 5‐mm spiculated masses fabricated with potassium iodide (KI)‐doped ink and microcalcifications (MCs) made with calcium hydroxyapatite. Images of the phantom were acquired on all five systems with DBT, FFDM, and SM modalities where available using beam settings under automatic exposure control. A 4AFC study was conducted to assess reader performance with each signal under each modality. Statistical analysis was performed on the data to determine proportion correct (PC), standard deviations, and levels of significance.ResultsFor masses, overall detection was highest with DBT. The difference in PC was statistically significant between DBT and SM for most systems. A relationship was observed between increasing PC and greater gantry span. For MCs, performance was highest with DBT and FFDM compared to SM. The difference between PC of DBT and PC of SM was statistically significant for all manufacturers.ConclusionsThis methodology represents a novel approach for evaluating systems. This study is the first of its kind to use an inkjet‐printed anthropomorphic phantom with realistic signals to assess performance of clinical DBT imaging systems.
Smartphone data during the COVID‐19 pandemic can quantify behavioral changes in people with ALS
Authors: Beukenhorst Anna L. , Collins Ella , Burke Katherine M. , Rahman Syed Minhajur , Clapp Margaret , Konanki Sai Charan , Paganoni Sabrina , Miller Timothy M. , Chan James , Onnela Jukka‐Pekka , Berry James D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionPassive data from smartphone sensors may be useful for health‐care research. Our aim was to use the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic as a positive control to assess the ability to quantify behavioral changes in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from smartphone data.MethodsEight participants used the Beiwe smartphone application, which passively measured their location during the COVID‐19 outbreak. We used an interrupted time series to quantify the effect of the US state of emergency declaration on daily home time and daily distance traveled.ResultsAfter the state of emergency declaration, median daily home time increased from 19.4 (interquartile range [IQR], 15.4‐22.0) hours to 23.7 (IQR, 22.2‐24.0) hours and median distance traveled decreased from 42 (IQR, 13‐83) km to 3.7 (IQR, 1.5‐10.3) km. The participant with the lowest functional ability changed behavior earlier. This participant stayed at home more and traveled less than the participant with highest functional ability, both before and after the state of emergency.DiscussionWe provide evidence that smartphone‐based digital phenotyping can quantify the behavior of people with ALS. Although participants spent large amounts of time at home at baseline, the COVID‐19 state of emergency declaration reduced their mobility further. Given participants' high level of daily home time, it is possible that their exposure to COVID‐19 could be less than that of the general population.
Decision Tree‐Based Entries Reduction scheme using multi‐match attributes to prevent flow table overflow in SDN environment
Authors: Nallusamy Priyanka , Saravanen Sapna , Krishnan Murugan 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe software‐defined networking is used extensively in data centers that provide centralized control for the widely deployed networking resources. The traffic is shaped by rules created by the controller dynamically without modifying the individual switch. The key component that stores rules which are used to process the flows is the flow table which resides in the ternary content addressable memory. The current commercial OpenFlow appliances accommodate limited entries up to 8000 due to its high cost and high power consumption. There are two issues to be considered, where (1) flow table's inability to provide rules during flow table overflow leads to dropping of incoming packets and (2) the significant amount of rule replacement occurs when the traffic in data centers increases which creates massive route requests to controller creating overhead. The proposed scheme prevents flow table overflow using the robust machine learning algorithm called decision tree (Iterative Dichotomiser 3) that allows the flow table to learn its high prioritized fine‐grained entries by means of multiple matching attributes. The entries are classified, and the usual eviction process is replaced by pushing the low important entries into counting bloom filter which acts as a cache to prevent flow entry miss. The simulations were carried out using real‐time network traffic datasets, and the comparisons with the various existing schemes prove that the proposed approach reduces 99.99% of the controller's overhead and the entries are minimized to 99% providing extra space for new flows.
A decoupling scheme for two‐scale finite thermoviscoelasticity with thermal and cure‐induced deformations
Authors: Saito Risa , Yamanaka Yosuke , Matsubara Seishiro , Okabe Tomonaga , Moriguchi Shuji , Terada Kenjiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a decoupling scheme for two‐scale analysis of fiber‐reinforced plastics (FRP) exhibiting finite thermoviscoelasticity in consideration of the dependences of resin's mechanical and nonmechanical deformation characteristics on the degree of cure (DOC) and ambient temperature. To characterize the macroscopic material behavior, numerical material tests are carried out on a unit cell composed of a polymer resin matrix and carbon fibers. The generalized Maxwell model (GMM) is employed for resin' material behavior, while its orthotropic version is assumed for FRP. The evolution of DOC is reflected in the evaluation of the nonmechanical deformation by cure shrinkage in addition to thermal expansion/contraction. The key ingredient of this study is the novel strategy for identifying the macroscopic coefficients of these nonmechanical deformations, both of which must be separately defined in the equilibrium and nonequilibrium elements of the orthotropic GMM. In addition, a modification is originally made on the evolution equations of the nonequilibrium stresses in the GMM. The verification analyses are carried out to confirm the adequateness of the proposed identification methods and followed by numerical examples of two‐scale analysis to demonstrate the capability of simulating the macro‐ and microscopic thermomechanical responses of FRP subjected to curing.
Numerical wavelets scheme to complex partial differential equation arising from Morlet continuous wavelet transform
Authors: Patel Vijay Kumar , Singh Somveer , Singh Vineet Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, a new wavelets approximation scheme based on operational matrices has been discussed for the solutions of proposed initial value complex partial differential equation (CPDE) which is arising from continuous wavelet transform. We developed an algorithm using transformation to obtain the numerical solution of CPDE with a numerical wavelet collocation method based on two‐dimensional Legendre wavelet (TDLW) and two‐dimensional Bernoulli wavelet (TDBW) operational matrices. We converted CPDE into a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) and this system of PDEs converted into couple PDEs in terms of the real and imaginary component. Finally, we obtained a system of partial integro‐differential equations (PIDEs) with nonlocal boundary conditions. After implementation of wavelets scheme on PIDEs, PIDEs reduced into a system of algebraic equations. In the sequence of this, we also investigated the convergence analysis of TDLW, TDBW, and error analysis, respectively. Finally, illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the presented wavelet scheme for the proposed problem.
Theoretical approaches on certain characterization of L‐fuzzy soft modules
Authors: Çelik Yıldıray 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, we give concept of L‐fuzzy soft module and introduce its several related properties and structural characteristics with suitable examples. We also study on characterization of this concept by using the properties of soft modules. Moreover, we investigate relations among concepts of L‐fuzzy submodule, soft module and L‐fuzzy soft module.
The effect of hospital care volume on overall survival of children with cancer in Southern Brazil
Authors: Arancibia Alejandro Mauricio , De Farias Caroline Brunetto , Brunetto Algemir Lunardi , Roesler Rafael , Gregianin Lauro José 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of hospital care volume on the overall survival of children with cancer in Southern Brazil.Patients and MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 1378 cancer patients aged 0‐19 years, diagnosed with cancer between August 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015 in Rio Grande do Sul, who received hospital treatment in institutions affiliated with the Universal Health Care System (Sistema Único de Saúde [SUS]).ResultsMost children and adolescents were male (56.9%) and White (75.8%). The most common types of cancer in our cohort were acute leukemia (40.7%), followed by lymphoma (15.9%) and central nervous system tumors (8.8%). Ninety‐five percent of the patients were treated in specialized pediatric oncology centers. The cumulative probability of survival at 5 years for all patients was 73.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 71.4‐76.0%). Survival was significantly higher for patients younger than 4 years of age (P = .012) compared to all other age groups. Patients treated in institutions with a pediatric oncology patient volume of less than 15 patients/year were 41% more likely to die than patients treated in institutions with a volume of 60 patients/year or more (P = .029).ConclusionCancer is the leading cause of death by natural causes in all age groups in Brazil, but, even so, childhood tumors are rare. This complexity makes childhood cancer care a challenge. In this study, we reiterate that pediatric cancer patients demonstrate better overall survival when treated in high‐volume hospitals.
When chemistry of the substrate drastically controls morphogenesis of plasma polymer thin films
Authors: Le Nghia H. , Bonne Magali , Airoudj Aissam , Fioux Philippe , Boubon Rémi , Rebiscoul Diane , Bally‐Le Gall Florence , Lebeau Bénédicte , Roucoules Vincent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe impact of surface chemistry on the morphogenesis of maleic anhydride plasma polymer is investigated on silicon wafers with very well‐controlled surface chemistries (i.e., native oxide, hydroxyl‐rich, and alkyl‐rich). A particular attention is paid to characterize the early stages of growth. Two different morphologies of polymer films are obtained, depending on the hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature of the substrate surface, even though the chemical composition is very similar. Homogeneous and dense polymer films are formed on hydrophilic substrates due to the strong affinity of plasma species toward the surface. Elongated nanostructures resulting in a less dense polymer film grow on the hydrophobic surface, which are assumed to be the result of the low affinity of plasma species.
Robust Generation of Logical Qubit Singlet States with Reverse Engineering and Optimal Control with Spin Qubits
Authors: Kang Yi‐Hao , Shi Zhi‐Cheng , Xia Yan , Song Jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA protocol is proposed to generate singlet states of three logical qubits constructed by pairs of spins. Single and multiple operations of logical qubits are studied for the construction of an effective Hamiltonian, with which robust control fields are derived with invariant‐based reverse engineering and optimal control. Moreover, systematic errors are further compensated by periodic modulation for better robustness. Furthermore, resistance to random noise and decoherence of the protocol is also shown with numerical simulations. Therefore, the protocol may provide useful perspectives for the generation of logical qubit entanglement in spin systems.