bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does simulated microgravity induce significant changes in human gut microbiota? New answers with dry immersion, an innovative ground-based model.
Authors: Jollet Maxence , Goustard Bénédicte , Mariadassou Mahendra , Rué Olivier , Ollendorff Vincent , Vernus Barbara , Bonnieu Anne , Nay Kévin , Bareilles Marie-Pierre , Beck Arnaud , Gauquelin-Koch Guillemette , Derbré Frédéric , Koechlin-Ramonatxo Christelle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background A new problematic on the gut microbiota of the astronauts and the effects of microgravity emerged recently as that bacteria community is sensitive to physical (in)activity which could be hampered during spaceflights. Therefore, the objective of our study was thus to determine the effects of dry immersion, an innovative ground-based human model of simulated microgravity, on human gut microbiota composition. We collected stools from 14 healthy men before and after 5 days of Dry Immersion to determine taxonomic profiles by 16S metagenomic.Results Our analyses show preservation of α–diversity through Observed, Chao1, Shannon and InvSimpson indices. β–diversity is also not impacted by Dry Immersion as represented by PCoA plots with Jaccard, Bray-Curtis and UniFrac indices. Phyla abundances for OTUs associated to BacteroidetesP, FirmicutesP, ProteobacteriaP and ActinobacteriaP are also preserved. Interestingly, metagenomics analysis of the 32 families and 44 associated genera underscored that OTUs associated to ClostridialesO order and LachnospiraceaeF family are increased (p < 0.01) belonging to FirmicutesP phylum.Conclusion The diversity and global composition of the gut microbiome remained unaltered in response to Dry Immersion confirming the robustness of gut microbiota. However, it’s sufficient to led to several significant changes at the lower taxonomy levels. This suggests that the human gut microbiota, with its known strong impact on human health and performance, is a potential biological target of microgravity and underscores the need to investigate further this new field of research on gut microbiota – microgravity.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03915457- Registered 16 April 2019 - Retrospectively registered - https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03915457.
Clinical Symptoms and Treatment of Common Respiratory Tract Infections in Relation to Microbiological Profiles in Rural Health Facilities in China: Implications for Antibiotic Stewardship
Authors: Shen Xingrong , Shen Jilu , Pan Yaping , Cheng Jing , Chai Jing , Bowker Karen , MacGowan Alasdair , Oliver Isabel , Lambert Helen , Wang Debin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background This study aims to identify the extent to which current clinical practice in the treatment of common respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is consistent with presenting symptoms and microbiological characteristics at health care settings in rural China and implications for future antibiotic stewardship.Methods The study was implemented in one village clinic and one township health center in each of four rural residential areas in Anhui Province, China. Observations, structured and semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate antibiotic use. Sputum and throat swabs were collected for bacterial culture and susceptibility testing.Results A total of 1068 completed the study. Antibiotics were prescribed for 87.8% of RTI patients. Of all the specimens tested, 329 (30.8%) specimens were isolated with bacteria. The most frequently detected bacteria were K. pneumonia (24.15% in all specimens), H. influenza (16.19%), H. parainfluenzae (14.77%), S.aureus (5.11%), M. catarrhalis (3.41%) and S. pneumoniae (2.27%). The bacteria detection was associated with age (OR=1.91), season (OR=0.41 to 0.60), days since infection onset (OR=1.54 to 1.81), and runny or blocked nose (OR=1.39 to 1.61), cough with green or white sputum (OR=1.47 to 1.59). Antibiotic use was only linked with limited non-specific clinical manifestations e.g., days since infection onset (OR=0.53) and sore throat (OR=1.64).Conclusions The study reveals that antibiotics prescription is still very common in rural China which is driven mainly by non-pathological factors rather than treatment of bacterial infections. The study establishes the feasibility of conducting microbiological testing outside Tier 2 and 3 hospitals in rural China.
Midwifery Core Competency Assessment Tool: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Li Shenmei , Dai Yunyun , Chen Yangguang , Gao Yan , Pan Chuang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In recent years, the capacity building of midwives has attracted the attention of all countries in the world, especially in countries with a lack of midwifery human resources. Improving the capacity of midwives is an important strategy to ensure the health of mothers and infants.Professional associations in many countries have issued standards for midwife competency, which are basically similar to the core competency module proposed by ICM, but some countries have made localization adjustments according to their own characteristics. In August 2019 a further update was made to correct an error in competency of the English version,the French and Spanish versions by ICM.In order to further standardize the evaluation tools of midwives' core competence, it is urgent to evaluate them.Methods/Design: We will conduct a systematic review and utility critique of instruments used to measure effectiveness of core competence assessment tools for midwives at different levels. The databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online(MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to midwife competency and Web of Knowledge will be searched from inception until end November 2020. Search strategies will include the key words; midwife, core competency ,questionnaires, instruments, delphi technique, index system, reliability, validity. We will contact experts in the field of measuring core competency and scrutinise all secondary references. A reviewer will apply an inclusion criteria scale to all titles and abstracts. A second reviewer will apply the inclusion criteria scale to a random 10% selection. Two reviewers will independently evaluate the methodological rigour of the testing of the instruments using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of core competency checklist. We will present a narrative synthesis on the utility of all instruments and make recommendations for instrument selection in practice.Discussion: This systematic review of the utility of instruments to measure the core competence assessment tools for midwives at different levels. It will aid managers ,educator and policy makers to select an instrument fit for purpose. Importantly, appropriate instrument selection will provide a mechanism for effective training of midwives' core competency ability in different levels.
Usefulness of Positron Emission Tomography-Guided Surgery with 64Cu-Labeled Cetuximab for Resection of Intrapancreatic Primary and Residual Tumors in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Resectable Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Igarashi Chika , Yoshii Yukie , Tashima Hideaki , Iwao Yuma , Sakurai Kohei , Hihara Fukiko , Tachibana Tomoko , Yoshida Eiji , Wakizaka Hidekatsu , Akamatsu Go , Yamaya Taiga , Yoshimoto Mitsuyoshi , Matsumoto Hiroki , Zhang Ming-Rong , Nagatsu Kotaro , Sugyo Aya , Tsuji Atsushi B , Higashi Tatsuya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a very poor prognosis. Surgery is the standard treatment for resectable PC but the accurate intraoperative identification and resection of intrapancreatic tumors remain challenging and tumor residuals frequently cause local recurrence. We have developed a novel open-type positron emission tomography (PET) system (called “OpenPET”) that enables high-resolution PET-guided surgery in real-time. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that OpenPET-guided surgery with ip-administered 64Cu-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab can image and remove primary small (< 1 cm) resectable PC tumors in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Here, we further investigated the usefulness of OpenPET-guided surgery for the intraoperative identification and resection of not only primary but also unexpected residual intrapancreatic tumors using an orthotopic xenograft mouse model with large (> 1 cm) resectable PC and examined its survival benefit over conventional surgery.Methods: To establish the model, human PC xPA-1-DC cells expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) were slowly inoculated into the mouse pancreas. To investigate its usefulness, OpenPET-guided surgery was conducted 24 h after intraperitoneal administration of 64Cu-labeled cetuximab (7.4 MBq/mouse). For comparison, similar surgical procedures were conducted, and conventional tumor resection was attempted using only the naked eye (control). The survival rate after OpenPET-guided surgery was compared to that after control operations. Results: The intraoperative OpenPET guidance enabled the detection and resection of both primary and small residual tumors. In this study, 10 residual tumor specimens were intraoperatively isolated with OpenPET guidance (n=7 mice); three and seven tumors were 5–10 mm and 3–5 mm in diameter, respectively. In all isolated specimens, tumor RFP signals were detected. By contrast, no tumor tissue was resected in control group because in this model, the locations and boundaries of primary tumors within the pancreas were not clearly detectable by the naked eye alone. Mice after OpenPET-guided surgery showed significantly longer survival rates than those in control group.Conclusions: OpenPET-guided surgery with 64Cu-labeled-cetuximab enabled the intraoperative identification and resection of intrapancreatic primary and residual tumors in vivo. This technology could be useful to prevent tumor residuals during surgery and improve PC survival.
Differences in 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in BAT of UCP1 -/- and UCP1+/+ during Adrenergic Stimulation of Non-Shivering Thermogenesis
Authors: McHugh Christian T , Garside John , Barkes Jared , Frank Jonathan , Dragicevich Constance , Yuan Hong , Branca Rosa T 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is a fat tissue found in most mammals that helps regulate energy balance and core body temperature through a sympathetic process known as non-shivering thermogenesis. BAT activity is commonly detected and quantified in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans, and radiotracer uptake in BAT during adrenergic stimulation is often used as a surrogate measure for identifying thermogenic activity in the tissue. BAT thermogenesis is believed to be contingent upon the expression of the protein UCP1, but conflicting results have been reported in the literature concerning 18F-FDG uptake within BAT of mice with and without UCP1. Differences in animal handling techniques such as feeding status, type of anesthetic, type of BAT stimulation, and estrogen levels were identified as possible confounding variables for 18F-FDG uptake. In this study, we aimed to assess differences in BAT 18F-FDG uptake between wildtype and UCP1-knockout mice using a protocol that minimizes possible variations in BAT stimulation caused by different stress responses to mouse handling.Results18F-FDG PET/CT scans were ran on mice that were anesthetized with pentobarbital after stimulation of non-shivering thermogenesis by norepinephrine. While in wild type mice 18F-FDG uptake in BAT increased significantly with norepinephrine stimulation of BAT, there was no consistent change in 18F-FDG uptake in BAT of mice lacking UCP1. Conclusions18F-FDG uptake within adrenergically stimulated BAT of wildtype and UCP1-knockout mice can significantly vary such that an 18F-FDG uptake threshold cannot be used to differentiate wildtype from UCP1-knockout mice. However, while an increase in BAT 18F-FDG uptake during adrenergic stimulation is consistently observed in wild type mice, in UCP1-knockout mice 18F-FDG uptake in BAT seems to be is independent of β3 adrenergic stimulation of non-shivering thermogenesis.
Decreased Eosinophil Counts and Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase Predict Severe COVID-19 Patients with Underlying Chronic Airway Diseases
Authors: Yi Lingling , Chen Dian , Zhang Shuchen , Feng Yuchen , Wu Wenliang , Chang Chenli , Chen Shengchong , Zhen Guohua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Several predictors for the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported, including decreased circulating lymphocytes and eosinophil counts. However, chronic airway inflammation characterized by accumulated lymphocytes or eosinophils may affect the pathogenesis of COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the predictors for the severity of COVID-19 in patients with chronic airway diseases.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed medical records of all laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients with chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma admitted in Sino-French New City Branch of Tongji Hospital, a large regional hospital in Wuhan, China, from January 26th to April 3rd. The Tongji Hospital ethics committee approved this study.Results: There were 59 patients with underlying chronic airway inflammation including chronic bronchitis, COPD, and asthma. When compared with non-severe patients, severe patients were more likely to have decreased lymphocyte counts (0.6 vs. 1.1× 10⁹/L, p < 0.001), eosinopenia (< 0.02 × 10⁹/L, 73% vs. 24%, p < 0.001), increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (471.0 vs. 230.0 U/L, p < 0.001) and elevated IL-6 level (47.4 vs. 5.7 pg/ml, p = 0.002) on admission. Eosinopenia and elevated LDH were significantly associated with disease severity in both univariate and multivariate regression models included the above variables. Eosinopenia was also an independent risk factor for mortality of this cohort in a multivariate model included the above variables. Moreover, eosinophil counts and LDH levels tended to return to normal range over time in both groups after treatment and severe patients recovered slower than non-severe patients, especially eosinophil counts.Conclusions: Eosinopenia and elevated LDH are potential predictors of disease severity in COVID-19 patients with underlying chronic airway diseases. Theses predictors may help clinicians identify the severe COVID-19 patients with chronic bronchitis, COPD, and asthma.
Hydrothermal Sulfonation of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Carbon as Solid Acid Catalyst and Its Hydrolysis Catalytic Activity
Authors: Nata Iryanti F. , Irawan Chairul , Putra Meilana D. , Lee Cheng-Kang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The sulfonated carbon solid acid catalyst (C-SO3H) was successfully generated from palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) carbon via hydrothermal sulfonation by addition of hydroxyethylsulfonic acid and citric acid. The C-SO3H was identified contain of 1.75 mmol/g of acidity and 40.2% of sulphur. The surface morphology of C-SO3H showed pores with diameters of 3-6 µm and crystalline index (CrI) of material was decreased to 63.8% due to changed structure become carbon. The surface area of carbon was increased significantly from 11.5 to 239.65 m2g-1 after hydrothermal treatment. The identification of functional groups of -SO3H, COOH and -OH were detected by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR). The optimum catalytic activity of C-SO3H was achieved via hydrolysis reaction with 60.4% of total reducing sugar (TRS) yield. The both concentrations of C-SO3H and cassava peel starch is 5% at 100 oC for 1 h. Stability of C-SO3H showed good performance for 4th repeated used; it showed insignificant of activity that decreased only of 6%. Thus, the C-SO3H is a candidate for green and potential sulfonated solid acid catalyst for wide range applications.
Delirium is Associated with High Mortality in Elderly patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Pak Misun , Hara Masahiko , Miura Shoko , Furuya Motohide , Tamaki Masatake , Okada Taiji , Watanabe Nobuhide , Endo Akihiro , Tanabe Kazuaki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Delirium is associated with high mortality after cardiac surgery. However, evidence on the epidemiology of delirium in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is limited. This study aimed to assess the incidence and prognostic impact of delirium in patients with ADHF.Methods: This single-center prospective observational study enrolled 132 consecutive patients with ADHF. We utilized the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition and classified the patients into two groups according to the presence or absence of delirium. The primary endpoint was 90-day all-cause mortality. The prognostic impact and risk factors of delirium were evaluated using multivariable Cox and logistic regression analyses, respectively. Results: The median patient age was 83 (interquartile range, 75–87) years. Approximately 51.5% were men. Delirium occurred in 36 (27.3%) patients, and hyperactive delirium was the most frequent type (86.1%). The 90-day all-cause mortality was higher in the patients with delirium than in those without (21.6% versus 3.9%, log-rank p=0.002). Delirium was associated with higher mortality with an adjusted hazard ratio of 6.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–42.6, p=0.042). The risk factors associated with delirium included advanced age, male sex, higher clinical frailty scale score, and dementia.Conclusions: Delirium was associated with a higher 90-day all-cause mortality in the elderly patients with ADHF. Hyperactive delirium was the most common subtype.
Adding Team-Based Financial Incentives to the Carrot Rewards App Increases Daily Step Count on a Population Scale: A 24-Week Matched Pairs Study
Authors: Pearson Emma , Prapavessis Harry , Higgins Christopher , Petrella Robert , White Lauren , Mitchell Marc 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) targeting physical inactivity have increased in popularity yet are usually limited by low engagement. This study examined the impact of adding team-based incentives (Step Together Challenges, STCs) to an existing mHealth app (Carrot Rewards) that rewarded individual physical activity achievements.
Methods
A 24-week quasi-experimental study (retrospective matched pairs design) was conducted in three Canadian provinces (pre-intervention: weeks 1–12; intervention: weeks 13–24). Participants who used Carrot Rewards and STCs (experimental group) were matched with those who used Carrot Rewards only (controls) on age, gender, province and baseline mean daily step count (± 500 steps/d). Carrot Rewards users earned individual-level incentives (worth $0.04 CAD) each day they reached a personalized daily step goal. With a single partner, STC users could earn team incentives ($0.40 CAD) for collaboratively reaching individual daily step goals 10 times in seven days (e.g., Partner A completes four goals and Partner B completes six goals in a week).
Results
The main analysis included 61,170 users (mean age = 32yrs; % female = 64). Controlling for pre-intervention mean daily step count, a significant difference in intervention mean daily step count favoured the experimental group (p < 0.0001; ηp2 = 0.024). The estimated marginal mean group difference was 537 steps per day, or 3759 steps per week (about 40 walking min/wk). Linear regression suggested a dose-response relationship between the number of STCs completed (app engagement) and intervention mean daily step count (adjusted R2 = 0.699) with each new STC corresponding to approximately 200 more steps per day.
Conclusion
Despite an explosion of physical activity app interest (100,000 + published apps), low engagement leading to small or no effects remains an industry hallmark. In this paper, we found that adding modest team-based incentives to the Carrot Rewards app increased mean daily step count, and importantly, app engagement moderated this effect. Others should consider novel small-teams based approaches to boost engagement and effects.
The Herbal Formula CBD Improves Sleep Quality Dependent on Oral Microbial Type and Tongue Diagnostic Features in Insomnia
Authors: Kim Min-Jee , Bose Shambhunath , Shin Na Rae , Yang Meng , Kwon Ojin , Song Eun-Ji , Nam Young-Do , Nam Dong-Hyun , Lee Jun-Hwan , Kim Hojun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Cheonwangbosim-dan (CBD) is a traditional Korean herb formula that has been widely prescribed for insomnia patients with a heart-yin deficiency (HYD) pattern. Several studies have recently reported that heart function and insomnia are interrelated, and others have explored associations between insomnia, oral microbiota, and tongue diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CBD on primary insomnia, tongue diagnosis, and oral microbiota. We conducted a prospective, open-label clinical trial on primary insomnia. At baseline, 56 patients with primary insomnia were assigned to two groups, a HYD group and a non-HYD (NHYD) group. Members of these groups took CBD for 6 weeks. Primary and secondary outcomes including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Indices (PSQIs), Insomnia Severity Indices (ISIs), actigraphy results, cardiac function, autonomic nerve function, clinical laboratory results, tongue features, and oral microbiota were collected from all subjects at after 0, 3, or 6 weeks of treatment. Additionally, PSQI and ISI were determined by telephone follow-up 10 weeks after study commencement.Results During the study, PSQIs and ISIs decreased significantly in both groups. However, the PSQI reduction observed in the HYD group was greater than in the NHYD group and sleep times as determined by actigraphy, that is, total bedtimes (TBTs) and total sleep times (TST), increased only in the HYD group. As sleep quality improved, the amount of tongue coating increased at the posterior tongue, where heart function appears. At baseline, the HYD and NHYD group had a specific oral microbiota (Veillonella at genus level), but no significant change was observed after taking CBD. Additionally, subjects were divided into two oral microbiota types (‘orotype’). The genera Prevotella, Veillonella or Neisseria were abundant in each orotype. The reduction in PSQI in the orotype 1 during the 6-week treatment period was greater than in orotype 2.Conclusions Taking together, CBD was effective in primary insomnia patients with a HYD pattern and CBD increased the amount of tongue coating. In addition, oral microbiota distributions were different in patients with a HYD or a NHYD pattern. The study shows CBD could be used to treat primary insomnia in patients with a HYD pattern as determined using tongue diagnosis and oral microbiota distributional patterns.