bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi against the aphid and the whitefly species on crops grown under greenhouse conditions in India
Authors: Singh Harshdeep , Kaur Tanjot 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aphids,Myzus persicae(Sulzer) andAphis gossypii(Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the whiteflies,Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood) andBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are the most damaging pests of greenhouse crops, which cause vector-borne viral diseases and its damage includes chlorosis, necrosis, and fruit abortion. This review article addresses the protected cultivation of vegetable crops (cucumber, capsicum, tomato, and gerbera), important insect pests of greenhouse crops in India along with its management by entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and increase in the virulence by different genetically modified techniques. Due to excessive and indiscriminate use of insecticides over the years, these insect pests became resistant to these insecticides. So, there is a need for the effectual substitutes to manage these pests. Biological control is a foundation of integrated pest management (IPM) that plays a key role in the repression of arthropod pests. Among different IPM program, the uses of different microbial formulations are ecofriendly and safe for life and proven a boon for the farmers and entrepreneurs. EPF are the most effective in reducing aphid and whitefly populations on vegetable crops recommending its organic production under greenhouse conditions and could be a part of IPM. In the future, these insect pests will become more resistant to entomopathogens. Some novel techniques such as genetic engineering of fungal formulations will be required to increase the efficiency of various entomopathogens as these techniques are well adopted by countries like the USA, China, and European countries but its use in India and needs to be improved in the near future.
Effect of cold storage temperature on quality of the parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Mohamed Hend O. , El-Heneidy A. H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study was designed to find out the optimum cold storage temperature (4, 7, and 10 °C) and storage period (1–16 weeks) of 3 different immature developmental stages (2, 4, 6 days post parasitism) of the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to produce high-quality individuals to be utilized. Also, the effects of cold storage on parasitoids’ fitness in terms of parasitism percentage, developmental period, adults’ emergence percentage, female percentage, and longevity (fed and un-fed) of parents and F1 progeny were investigated. The obtained results revealed that T. bactrae larvae (2-day post parasitism) could be stored for at least 7 weeks at 10 °C, with least changes in their fitness in both the parents and F1 progeny, followed by 7 °C, whereas storage at 4 °C was the fatal temperature in this early stage of parasitoid with a maximum mortality rate that extended to the next generation (F1). Furthermore, female biased sex ratios were observed at all storage temperatures in the parental and F1 generations but with different values. After a cold exposure of pre- and pupal stages (4, 6 days post parasitism) of the parasitoid at 7 °C, adults’ emergence percentage in the parents was low, but the biological performance in progeny was great. In addition, these late stages could be stored for a short period up to 4 weeks at 10 °C with highest performances in both generations, followed by 7 °C. Ten degrees Celsius proved to be the most suitable storage temperature at different parasitoid ages (larvae, pre-pupae, and pupae). Only the larval stage could continue up to 16 weeks of cold storage, and hence, it can be recommended for a short- and/or a long-term storage period.
Vitamin D Status and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Large Cohort: Results From the UK Biobank
Authors: Fan Xikang , Wang Jiayu , Song Mingyang , Giovannucci Edward L , Ma Hongxia , Jin Guangfu , Hu Zhibin , Shen Hongbing , Hang Dong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
Although an inverse association between vitamin D status and mortality has been reported in observational studies, the precise association shape and optimal vitamin D status remain undetermined.

Objective
To investigate the association between vitamin D status and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality and estimate optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
UK Biobank.

Participants
365 530 participants who had serum 25(OH)D measurements and no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, or diabetes at baseline (2006-2010).

Main outcome measures
All-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Results
During a median follow-up of 8.9 (interquartile range: 8.3-9.5) years, 10 175 deaths occurred, including 1841 (18.1%) due to CVD and 5737 (56.4%) due to cancer. The multivariate analyses revealed nonlinear inverse associations, with a decrease in mortality risk appearing to level off at 60 nmol/L of 25(OH)D for all-cause and CVD deaths and at 45 nmol/L for cancer deaths. Compared to participants with 25(OH)D concentrations below the cutoffs, those with higher concentrations had a 17% lower risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.86), 23% lower risk for CVD mortality (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.86), and 11% lower risk for cancer mortality (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.95).

Conclusions
Higher 25(OH)D concentrations are nonlinearly associated with lower risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. The thresholds of 45 to 60 nmol/L might represent an intervention target to reduce the overall risk of premature death, which needs further confirmation in large clinical trials.
Dysregulation of Steroid Hormone Receptors in Motor Neurons and Glia Associates with Disease Progression in ALS Mice
Authors: McLeod Victoria M , Chiam Mathew D F , Lau Chew L , Rupasinghe Thusitha W , Boon Wah C , Turner Bradley J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease targeting motor neurons which shows sexual dimorphism in its incidence, age of onset, and progression rate. All steroid hormones, including androgens, estrogens, and progestogens, have been implicated in modulating ALS. Increasing evidence suggests that steroid hormones provide neuroprotective and neurotrophic support to motor neurons, either directly or via surrounding glial cell interactions, by activating their respective nuclear hormone receptors and initiating transcriptional regulatory responses. The SOD1G93A transgenic mouse also shows sex-specific differences in age of onset and progression, and remains the most widely used model in ALS research. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the influences of steroid hormone signaling in ALS, we systemically characterized sex hormone receptor expression at transcript and protein levels, cellular localization, and the impact of disease course in lumbar spinal cords of male and female SOD1G93A mice. We found that spinal motor neurons highly express nuclear androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ, and progesterone receptor with variations in glial cell expression. AR showed the most robust sex-specific difference in expression and was downregulated in male SOD1G93A mouse spinal cord, in association with depletion in 5α-reductase type 2 isoform, which primarily metabolizes testosterone to 5α-dihydrotestosterone. ERα was highly enriched in reactive astrocytes of SOD1G93A mice and ERβ was strongly upregulated. The 5α-reductase type 1 isoform was upregulated with disease progression and may influence local spinal cord hormone levels. In conclusion, steroid hormone receptor expression is dynamic and cell-type specific in SOD1G93A mice which may provide targets to modulate progression in ALS.
Elimination of Locoregional Recurrences and Skin Metastases in Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Ethanol Ablation and Mohs Surgery
Authors: Iñiguez-Ariza Nicole M , Lee Robert A , Brewer Jerry D , Hay Ian D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol ablation procedures for locoregional recurrences in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) can be repeatedly performed over years. Skin metastases (SM) from PTC generally portend a lethal prognosis. Our patient case report demonstrates the innovative use in low-risk PTC (LRPTC) of treatment modalities designed to prevent neck re-explorations and capable of eliminating both locoregional recurrences and SM. In 2004, a 48-year-old man presented with neck nodal metastases due to PTC. He underwent a near-total thyroidectomy and nodal dissection, confirming an 8-mm PTC involving 2 ipsilateral node metastases. Postoperatively, he received 2 doses of radioactive iodine (RAI) for remnant uptake (cumulative dose 338 mCi); posttherapy scanning was unrevealing. In 2007, he underwent right neck dissection for further node metastases. In 2008, a guided biopsy confirmed a level IV node metastasis. He was referred to our institution for ethanol ablation. Two node metastases were ablated and subsequently disappeared. During 2010-2016, he developed an additional 6 node metastases, which were treated with ethanol ablation; all disappeared on high-resolution sonography. FDG-PET-CT scans in 2009 and 2016 were negative for distant spread. In 2016, a SM in his right neck was removed by dermatologic surgery. In 2017-2018, 2 further SM were excised with negative margins, one after Mohs surgery. He has now been disease-free for 20 months. In conclusion, despite 3 neck surgeries and 2 RAI therapies, our patient repeatedly developed both locoregional recurrences and SM. All 11 disease foci were eliminated with minimally invasive procedures which should more often be considered as effective treatment options in LRPTC.
Genomic evidence of multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions into Morocco
Authors: Chaouni Bouchra , Allali Imane , Sehli Sofia , Rhalem Wajih , Idrissi Azami Abdellah , Habib Nihal , Hamdi Salsabil , Wakrim Lahcen , Bakkali Abderrahmane , Mahmoud Mustapha , Bouguenouch Laila , Al Idrissi Najib , Bakri Youssef , Amzazi Saaïd , Barrijal Said , Ghazal Hassan 
Published: July 2020

Background: The recent emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused serious public health concerns due to its rapid dissemination worldwide. A total of 8,931 positive cases had been reported in Morocco by the 16th of June 2020. Methods: To better understand the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in this North African country, we analyzed the complete genome sequences of the virus related to Morocco by constructing a phylogenetic tree and creating a variant network using the available Moroccan and other sequences in dedicated databases. Results: Phylogenetic and variant network analyses of SARS-CoV-2 strains from early patients with COVID-19 in Morocco showed multiple spatiotemporal introductions from Italy (ten), France (seven), Spain (one) and Portugal (one). This is consistent with the assumption that the early infections in Morocco were imported, mainly from Europe. The 17 virus strains form two independent phylogenetic clusters and provide evidence for early community-based transmission following the initial introductions of the virus. We then catalogued 13 novel mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Moroccan patients. Interestingly, the recurrent missense variant A>G at position 23,403 in the spike gene, known to be associated with virus severity, has been identified in all Moroccan isolates. Conclusions: These primary findings testify of the importance of the genomic surveillance strategies as a means of understanding the virus spread dynamics, counteracting the pandemic outbreak, and drawing useful lessons for dealing with any future emerging infectious pathogens.
Survivable virtual network mapping with content connectivity against multiple link failures in optical metro networks
Authors: Le Giap , Ferdousi Sifat , Marotta Andrea , Xu Sugang , Hirota Yusuke , Awaji Yoshinari , Tornatore Massimo , Mukherjee Biswanath 
Published: July 2020

Network connectivity, i.e., the reachability of any network node from all other nodes, is often considered as the default network survivability metric against failures. However, in the case of a large-scale disaster disconnecting multiple network components, network connectivity may not be achievable. On the other hand, with the shifting service paradigm towards the cloud in today’s networks, most services can still be provided as long as at least a content replica is available in all disconnected network partitions. As a result, the concept of content connectivity has been introduced as a new network survivability metric under a large-scale disaster. Content connectivity is defined as the reachability of content from every node in a network under a specific failure scenario. In this work, we investigate how to ensure content connectivity in optical metro networks. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions and develop what we believe to be a novel mathematical formulation to map a virtual network over a physical network such that content connectivity for the virtual network is ensured against multiple link failures in the physical network. In our numerical results, obtained under various network settings, we compare the performance of mapping with content connectivity and network connectivity and show that mapping with content connectivity can guarantee higher survivability, lower network bandwidth utilization, and significant improvement of service availability.
Sub-surface modifications in silicon with ultra-short pulsed lasers above 2  µm
Authors: Richter Roland A. , Tolstik Nikolai , Rigaud Sebastien , Valle Paul Dalla , Erbe Andreas , Ebbinghaus Petra , Astrauskas Ignas , Kalashnikov Vladimir , Sorokin Evgeni , Sorokina Irina T. 
Published: July 2020

Nonlinear optical phenomena in silicon such as self-focusing and multi-photon absorption are strongly dependent on the wavelength, energy, and duration of the exciting pulse, especially for wavelengths

>

2

µ

m

. We investigate the sub-surface modification of silicon using ultra-short pulsed lasers at wavelengths in the range of 1950–2400 nm, at a pulse duration between 2 and 10 ps and pulse energy varying from 1 µJ to 1 mJ. We perform numerical simulations and experiments using fiber-based lasers built in-house that operate in this wavelength range for the surface and sub-surface processing of Si-wafers. The results are compared to the literature data at 1550 nm. Due to a dip in the nonlinear absorption spectrum and a peak in the spectrum of the third-order nonlinearity, the wavelengths between 2000 and 2200 nm prove to be more favorable for creating sub-surface modifications in silicon. This is the case even though those wavelengths do not allow as tight focusing as those at 1550 nm. This is compensated for by an increased self-focusing due to the nonlinear Kerr-effect around 2100 nm at high light intensities, characteristic for ultra-short pulses.
300 GHz wave generation based on a Kerr microresonator frequency comb stabilized to a low noise microwave reference
Authors: Tetsumoto Tomohiro , Ayano Fumiya , Yeo Mark , Webber Julian , Nagatsuma Tadao , Rolland Antoine 
Published: July 2020

In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate low noise 300 GHz wave generation based on a Kerr microresonator frequency comb operating in the soliton regime. The spectral purity of a 10 GHz GPS-disciplined dielectric resonant oscillator is transferred to the 300 GHz repetition rate frequency of the soliton comb through an optoelectronic phase-locked loop. Two adjacent comb lines beat on a uni-traveling carrier photodiode emitting the 300 GHz millimeter-wave signal into a waveguide. In an out-of-loop measurement, we measure the 300 GHz power spectral density of phase noise to be

−

88

d
B
c

/

H
z

,

−

105

d
B
c

/

H
z

at 10 kHz, and 1 MHz Fourier frequency, respectively. Phase-locking error instability reaches

2
×

10

−
15

at 1 s averaging time. Such a system provides a promising path to the realization of compact, low power consumption millimeter-wave oscillators with low noise performance for out-of-the-laboratory applications.
Digitalisierung als Grundlage wertvoller Zusammenarbeit – Die Gestaltung von Service-Ökosystemen in den personennahen Dienstleistungen
Authors: Fischer Simon , Lux Anna , Guerrero Ricardo , Ahmad Rangina , Lohrenz Lisa , Lattemann Christoph 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Erwartungen von Kunden an Sach- und Dienstleistungen haben sich verändert. Einerseits stellen sie höhere Anforderungen in Bezug auf Qualität, Komfort und Personalisierung. Andererseits möchten sie gestaltend zur Erreichung dieser Werte beitragen. Um weiterhin am Markt konkurrieren zu können, müssen Unternehmen traditionelle Kunden- und Anbieterrollen ebenso hinter sich lassen, wie die Vorstellung, dass sie im Alleingang Innovationen schaffen zu können. Service-Ökosysteme werden in diesem Kontext zum Schlüssel innovativer Wertangebote und führen aktuelle Trends der Dienstleistungsentwicklung zusammen. In Symbiose mit digitalen Technologien werden sie zu einem attraktiven Instrument für die Schaffung von losen, heterogenen Partnernetzwerken, die gemeinsam innovative Dienstleistungen entwickeln und anbieten. Anhand von acht Fallbeispielen zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag auf, wie auch Unternehmen aus dem Bereich der personennahen Dienstleistungen dieses Instrument zur Aktivierung des eigenen Digitalisierungspotenzials heranziehen können. Einen Rahmen zur vergleichenden Analyse und Gestaltung kann hierbei die ‚Service Canvas‘, der vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderten Begleitforschung BeDien, bieten. Betrachtungspunkte wie Individualisierung, Integration, Kollaboration und Digitale Services decken Stärken, Schwerpunkte und Entwicklungspotenziale von Service-Ökosystemen auf und geben so Anhaltspunkte, wie sich Digitalisierung als Grundlage für die Zusammenarbeit zielgerichtet einsetzen lässt.
Gêneros digitais e alfabetização
Authors: Da Silva Ananias Agostinho 
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho busca refletir acerca do ensino da produção de textos na alfabetização com base no trabalho com gêneros textuais digitais. Em específico, tenta demonstrar como gêneros do tipo história em quadrinhos, transmutados ou produzidos em softwares digitais, podem ser trabalhados como objetos de ensino e de aprendizagem da língua em turmas de alunos em fase de alfabetização. Para isso, encontra respaldo na noção de gênero de Bakhtin (1992, 2006), na discussão acerca dos gêneros da história em quadrinhos de Mendonça (2005), Vergueiro (2009, 2014) e Ramos (2009), além de estudos de Koch (1998), Marcuschi (2008) e Silva (2018) que tratam do ensino de produção de textos. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa cuja abordagem é qualitativa, com viés descritivo. Por fim, enfatiza-se a produtividade de propostas com o gênero discutido.
Contralateral adrenal thinning as a distinctive feature of mild autonomous cortisol excess of the adrenal tumors
Authors: Kong Sung Hye , Kim Jung Hee , Shin Chan Soo 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
To identify radiologic features that correlate with mild autonomous cortisol excess using planar and volumetric analysis.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Methods:
In the study, 64 patients with overt Cushing syndrome (CS), 59 patients with mild autonomous cortisol excess (MACE), and 64 patients with nonfunctioning adrenal tumors (NFAT) with evaluable CT scans were included. Patients with NFAT and MACE were BMI-matched with those with overt CS. Planar and volumetric analyses of CT scans were performed in DICOM images using OsiriX software.

Results:
The mean age was 56.6 ± 1.01 years, and 123 patients (65.1%) were female. In the order of NFAT, MACE, and overt CS, the diameters and volumes of the adenoma increased, while limb widths and volumes of the contralateral adrenal gland decreased. Patients with MACE or overt CS were more likely to have osteoporosis than those with NFAT (P = 0.006), and patients with overt CS were more likely to experience a fragility fracture than those with NFAT or MACE (P = 0.002). Among radiologic features, the limb width of the contralateral adrenal gland correlated with the cortisol level after overnight dexamethasone suppression test (r = −0.583, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The study showed that the contralateral adrenal limb thinning was a distinctive radiologic feature of autonomous cortisol excess in the planar and volumetric analysis.
La costumbre al envenenamiento: El caso de los contaminantes atmosféricos de la ciudad de Guadalajara, México
Authors: Peniche-Camps Salvador , Cortez-Huerta Mauro 
Published: July 2020

[Introducción]: “La sociedad de riesgo” estableció un marco teórico útil para comprender la percepción de la sociedad contemporánea y cómo afronta el modelo político ambiental de México, a través del desarrollo urbano de la ciudad. El problema, de la “normalización de los niveles tóxicos en el aire” está presente en la mayoría de las ciudades importantes de Latinoamérica. [Objetivo]: Analizar el caso de la incidencia de enfermedades pulmonares en la ciudad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México y su correlación con los niveles de contaminación del aire, criticando el alcance y el sentido de la política de control de polución atmosférica. [Metodología]: Se delimitó el área de estudio, donde el Comité Estatal de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (CEVE) del estado de Jalisco, registró el mayor caso de incidencia de Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas (IRAs) en las primeras 26 semanas del 2018, las cuales perjudicaron principalmente, a niños y adultos mayores; se analizaron por medio del modelo de regresión múltiple, mediante datos obtenidos del Sistema de Monitoreo Atmosférico de Jalisco (SIMAJ), los cuales cuentan con las concentraciones de los contaminantes, criterios que regula la Normatividad Mexicana (NOM). [Resultados]: Se obtuvo una correlación significativa (valor p<0.05) para el monóxido de carbono (CO) = 0.007, de ozono (O3) = 0.037 y partículas menores a 10 micras (PM10) = 0.003, las cuales interfieren en mayor manera a las IRAs. [Conclusiones]: Ignorar la posibilidad real de las afectaciones en la salud pública de la población urbana, derivadas de la concentración de agentes contaminantes en el aire, constituye una limitante de la política ambiental y de salud pública. Con base en la teoría de la sociedad del riesgo de Beck.
Tolerancia ante inundaciones por parte de semillas y plantas de tres especies forestales nativas de América del Sur
Authors: Kubota Victoria R. , Britez Derlis N. , Duete Gabriel A. , Enciso G. Manuel M. , García María Lis , Guillén Sara B. 
Published: July 2020

[Introducción]: En las últimas décadas, fueron registradas intensas precipitaciones e inundaciones en varios países de América del Sur, afectando los bosques ribereños y de galería. Sin embargo, los conocimientos sobre la tolerancia de las especies forestales a inundaciones aún son escasos. [Objetivo]: El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el comportamiento de semillas y plantas de Luehea divaricata Mart., Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan y Guibourtia hymenaeifolia (Moric.) J. Léonard a las inundaciones en condiciones ex situ. [Metodología]: Las semillas de las especies seleccionadas fueron sometidas a inmersión en agua durante 7 distintos periodos de tiempo. Luego, las semillas fueron sembradas y se evaluó su porcentaje de germinación y la sobrevivencia de las plantas a los 30 días. [Resultados]: La tasa de germinación de L. divaricata se redujo de 45.9 % a 23.1 % durante el ensayo. Una quinta parte de las semillas de esta especie mantuvo el poder germinativo aún con 30 días de inmersión. Sin embargo, P. rigida y G. hymenaeifolia perdieron drásticamente el poder germinativo y de sobrevivencia cuando el periodo de inmersión superó los 5 días. [Conclusiones]. La respuesta de las semillas a inmersiones varió entre las especies, L. divaricata fue la que tuvo mayor tolerancia a condiciones de inundación.