bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exclusive‐disjunction‐based detection of neovascularisation using multi‐scale CNN
Authors: Pavani P Geetha , Biswal Birendra , Sairam M V S , Biswal Pradyut Kumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, an exclusive‐disjunction‐based detection of neovascularisation (NV), which is the formation of new blood vessels on the retinal surfaces, is presented. These vessels, being thin and fragile, get ruptured easily leading to permanent blindness. The proposed algorithm consists of two stages. In the first stage, the retinal images are classified into non‐NV and NV using multi‐scale convolutional neural network, while in the second stage, 13 relevant features are extracted from the vascular map of NV images to achieve the pixel locations of new blood vessels using a directional matched filter along with the Difference of Laplacian of Gaussian operator followed by an exclusive disjunction function with adaptive thresholding of the vascular map. At the same time, the pixel locations of optic disc (OD) are detected using intensity distribution and variations on the retinal images. Finally, the pixel locations of both new blood vessels and OD are compared for classification. If the pixel locations of new blood vessels fall inside the OD, they are labelled as NV on OD, else they are labelled as NV elsewhere. The proposed algorithm has achieved an accuracy of 99.5%, specificity of 97.5%, sensitivity of 98.9%, and area under the curve of 94.2% when tested on 155 non‐NV and 115 NV images.
Phase shifters with multiple independently controllable bands utilising frequency‐selective variable gain networks
Authors: Venter Johannes J. P. , Stander Tinus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA dual‐band vector‐sum phase shifter with independent phase control of the 2.4 and 5 GHz Wi‐Fi bands is presented. The network uses band‐limited variable gain amplification, with a broadband hybrid coupler at the input and an in‐phase recombiner at the output. The circuit is prototyped on RF printed circuit board and exhibits performance characteristics comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art single band vector‐sum phase shifters. The prototype achieved an average gain of 2.16 dB over the 2.4 GHz band, with less than 0.26 dB and 1.32° root‐mean‐square (RMS) gain and phase error across all 2.4 and 5 GHz band tuning states. In the 5 GHz band, an average gain of 0.17 dB is achieved, with less than 0.21 dB and 3.88° RMS gain and phase error. The network's ability to generate band‐independent vector modulation over a 12 dB/90° tuning range is demonstrated as well, achieving less than 0.12 dB and 0.27° RMS gain and phase error in the 2.4 GHz band, and less than 0.27 dB and 2.94° gain and phase error in the 5 GHz band.
Letter to the Editor on: “Effectiveness of Multi-activity,
High-intensity Interval Training in School-aged
Children.”
Authors: Mans M.F.T. , van der Most F. , Cloosterman K.L.A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, Ketelhut et al. published an article on the effectiveness of a
multi-activity high-intensity interval training in school-aged children on
aerobic fitness and hemodynamic parameters in the International Journal of
Sports Medicine. With this letter to the editor we would like to comment on the
methods and clinical relevance of the results found.
Emotional conflict and trauma: the recovery of stolen memory using a mixed-methods approach
Authors: Castro-Fernández Belén , Jiménez-Esquinas Guadalupe , Alves Luís Alberto Marques , López-Facal Ramón 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a research project carried out in Portomarín, a small town in Galicia (Spain), which was flooded as a result of the construction of a dam in 1963. A new town was built a short distance away, but a strong sense of rootlessness remains among the inhabitants of the town. To what extent does the population of Portomarín recognise its memory regarding the forced removal as heritage? What means can be employed to incorporate the historical process of the forced removal into its identity? How can heritage education contribute towards the population overcoming these feelings of rootlessness? The inhabitants’ conceptions of their forced removal were identified, and an educational activity was implemented in the town’s school regarding the process of the removal. The hypothesis is confirmed that a community that does not foster intergenerational dialogue about its past (which in this case was traumatic) and does not develop its own strategy to assist in explaining and understanding its local history does not construct a shared identity.
Generation of plasmon modes in a supernarrow nanoslit formed by silver surfaces
Authors: Sarychev A.K. , Ivanov A.V. , Barbillon G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report a theoretical study of plasmon generation of a giant electromagnetic field in a supernarrow nanoslit formed by a silver cylinder and a flat mirror surface. It is shown that as the silver surfaces approach each other, gap plasmons are excited in the gap between them, which results in a resonant amplification of the field. It is demonstrated for the first time that the electric field amplification increases with decreasing distance between the cylindrical and flat surfaces and reaches saturation, at which the field intensity becomes record high, exceeding the incident wave intensity by ten orders of magnitude. The found gap plasmon modes will increase the sensitivity to the detection of small concentrations of molecules, down to single molecules, by the methods of giant Raman scattering of light and plasmon-enhanced IR spectroscopy.
Optical coherence tomograph for non-invasive examination of the human middle ear
Authors: Shilyagin P.A. , Novozhilov A.A. , Abubakirov T.E. , Dilenyan A.L. , Shakhov A.V. , Moiseev A.A. , Terpelov D.A. , Ksenofontov S.Yu. , Matkivsky V.A. , Gelikonov V.M. , Gelikonov G.V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper describes the design of an optical coherence tomograph adapted for studying the state of the tympanic cavity of the human middle ear. We present the images obtained by the method of optical coherence tomography, which are characteristic of the norm and of the case of pathology – otitis media with effusion.
Climate shock effects and mediation in fisheries
Authors: Fisher Mary C. , Moore Stephanie K. , Jardine Sunny L. , Watson James R. , Samhouri Jameal F. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Climate shocks are increasingly disruptive to global food systems, with far-reaching consequences for resource-based communities. Yet quantitative assessments of community impacts rarely account for economic connectivity between alternative resources. We show that patterns of resource use influence the sensitivity of US West Coast fishing communities to unprecedented fishery closures in the wake of a recent climate shock. Patterns of participation in commercial fisheries were significantly altered during the fishery closures, but rebounded to preexisting states after closures were lifted, indicating community-level resilience to this particular perturbation. Our study provides evidence that more complex networks of resource use buffer the impact of climate shocks, and reveals strategies that alter emergent patterns of resource use in affected fishing communities.
Acute skin exposure to ultraviolet light triggers neutrophil-mediated kidney inflammation
Authors: Skopelja-Gardner Sladjana , Tai Joyce , Sun Xizhang , Tanaka Lena , Kuchenbecker James A. , Snyder Jessica M. , Kubes Paul , Mustelin Tomas , Elkon Keith B. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in circulation and the first responders to infectious and sterile inflammation, including skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. We demonstrate that neutrophils not only migrate to the UV light–exposed skin but also disseminate systemically. In the kidney, neutrophils mediate inflammatory and injury responses triggered by skin exposure to UV. They had a proinflammatory phenotype: increased production of reactive oxygen species and a subpopulation of neutrophils in the kidney extravasated from UV light-exposed skin tissue. These studies demonstrate a direct link between skin inflammation by UV light and kidney injury and implicate neutrophils as pathogenic mediators, therefore providing a model by which exposure to UV light might contribute to kidney damage in lupus patients.
Gold nanoparticle-based nanoprobes with enhanced tumor targeting and photothermal/photodynamic response for therapy of osteosarcoma
Authors: Xiong Shengren , Xiong Guosheng , Li Zhaohui , Jiang Qing , Yin Jia , Yin Ting , Zheng Hong 
Published: January 2021

Abastract
Plasmonic nanomaterials, especially a wide variety of gold nanoparticles, demonstrate great potential for theranostics of cancer. Herein, a gold nanotriangle with CD133 and hyaluronic acid on its surface loaded with a near-infrared photosensitizer was prepared for enhanced photodynamic/photothermal combined anti-tumor therapy. CD133 and hyaluronic acid provide the nanoprobe with dual tumor targeting, while the hyaluronic acid also protects photosensitive drugs from photodegradation. Thus, the nanoprobe has enhanced photothermal/photodynamic effects. This integrated treatment strategy significantly enhanced photodynamic/photothermal destruction of osteosarcoma cells. In addition, this treatment, induced by mild irradiation with a single wavelength laser, inhibited tumor growth in an osteosarcoma mouse model. These results indicate that this systemic treatment strategy can achieve enhanced anti-tumor therapeutic effects through active tumor targeting and protection of the loaded drugs.
Bayesian parameter estimation using Gaussian states and measurements
Authors: Morelli Simon , Usui Ayaka , Agudelo Elizabeth , Friis Nicolai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Bayesian analysis is a framework for parameter estimation that applies even in uncertainty regimes where the commonly used local (frequentist) analysis based on the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) is not well defined. In particular, it applies when no initial information about the parameter value is available, e.g., when few measurements are performed. Here, we consider three paradigmatic estimation schemes in continuous-variable (CV) quantum metrology (estimation of displacements, phases, and squeezing strengths) and analyse them from the Bayesian perspective. For each of these scenarios, we investigate the precision achievable with single-mode Gaussian states under homodyne and heterodyne detection. This allows us to identify Bayesian estimation strategies that combine good performance with the potential for straightforward experimental realization in terms of Gaussian states and measurements. Our results provide practical solutions for reaching uncertainties where local estimation techniques apply, thus bridging the gap to regimes where asymptotically optimal strategies can be employed.
Testing gravity with cold atom interferometry: results and prospects
Authors: Tino Guglielmo M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Atom interferometers have been developed in the last three decades as new powerful tools to investigate gravity. They were used for measuring the gravity acceleration, the gravity gradient, and the gravity-field curvature, for the determination of the gravitational constant, for the investigation of gravity at microscopic distances, to test the equivalence principle of general relativity and the theories of modified gravity, to probe the interplay between gravitational and quantum physics and to test quantum gravity models, to search for dark matter and dark energy, and they were proposed as new detectors for the observation of gravitational waves. Here I describe past and ongoing experiments with an outlook on what I think are the main prospects in this field and the potential to search for new physics.
BERT-GT: cross-sentence n-ary relation extraction with BERT and Graph Transformer
Authors: Lai Po-Ting , Lu Zhiyong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Motivation
A biomedical relation statement is commonly expressed in multiple sentences and consists of many concepts, including gene, disease, chemical and mutation. To automatically extract information from biomedical literature, existing biomedical text-mining approaches typically formulate the problem as a cross-sentence n-ary relation-extraction task that detects relations among n entities across multiple sentences, and use either a graph neural network (GNN) with long short-term memory (LSTM) or an attention mechanism. Recently, Transformer has been shown to outperform LSTM on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks.

Results
In this work, we propose a novel architecture that combines Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers with Graph Transformer (BERT-GT), through integrating a neighbor–attention mechanism into the BERT architecture. Unlike the original Transformer architecture, which utilizes the whole sentence(s) to calculate the attention of the current token, the neighbor–attention mechanism in our method calculates its attention utilizing only its neighbor tokens. Thus, each token can pay attention to its neighbor information with little noise. We show that this is critically important when the text is very long, as in cross-sentence or abstract-level relation-extraction tasks. Our benchmarking results show improvements of 5.44% and 3.89% in accuracy and F1-measure over the state-of-the-art on n-ary and chemical-protein relation datasets, suggesting BERT-GT is a robust approach that is applicable to other biomedical relation extraction tasks or datasets.

Availability and implementation
the source code of BERT-GT will be made freely available at https://github.com/ncbi/bert_gt upon publication.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Long neglected diversity in the Accursed Mountains (western Balkan Peninsula):Ranunculus bertisceusis a genetically and morphologically divergent new species
Authors: Kuzmanović Nevena , Lakušić Dmitar , Frajman Božo , Stevanoski Ivana , Conti Fabio , Schönswetter Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSouthern European mountain ranges have long been recognized as important hotspots of genetic diversity and areas of high endemism. Reflecting the geographical complexity of these mountain ranges, many European high-mountain species exhibit disjunctions on a variety of geographical scales. One of the long-neglected, poorly investigated and unresolved taxonomic problems concerns Apennine and Balkan members of Ranunculus section Leucoranunculus. According to the most recent taxonomic treatment, this section includes Ranunculus crenatus, distributed predominantly in siliceous massifs of the Carpathians and the Balkan Peninsula, but with a highly disjunct partial distribution area in the eastern Alps, and Ranunculus magellensis, which is usually considered a calcicolous endemic of the central Apennines. However, R. magellensis has also been suggested to occur in the carbonate ranges of the Albanian Alps, which would render this species amphi-Adriatic. We used complementary molecular methods (sequences of the nuclear ribosomal ITS region and of plastid DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphisms), relative genome size measurements and morphometric analyses to elucidate the relationships in Ranunculus section Leucoranunculus. Specifically, we asked if it comprises only a single, widespread and morphologically variable species or several narrowly distributed species with constant morphology. The results of our study showed that populations growing on limestone in the Albanian Alps in northern Albania and southern Montenegro are divergent and should be recognized as a new species, Ranunculus bertisceus Kuzmanović, D.Lakušić, Frajman & Schönsw., sp. nov. These populations differ not only from R. crenatus s.s., which grows on silicates, but also from the calcicolous Apennine endemic R. magellensis. The eastern Alpine populations of R. crenatus, which occur very locally in the Niedere Tauern area, originate from immigration from the Bosnian mountains.
Stability and fragmentation versus demographic expansion: different phylogeographic patterns in closely related sympatric legumes (Senna) from arid and semi-arid zones of mid-latitude South America
Authors: Robbiati Federico O , Nores María J , Anton Ana M , Fortunato Renée H 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis is the first comparative research in which phylogeographical patterns and present and palaeoclimatic distribution were investigated in desert plants that inhabit the Argentinian Monte and Chaco biogeographic provinces. We investigated two closely related and partially sympatric species of legume shrubs, Senna aphylla and Senna pachyrrhiza, to contribute to understand the evolutionary history of arid plants and the impact of Quaternary climatic oscillations in these regions. We carried out phylogeographic analyses using plastid DNA accD-psa1 and rpL32-trnL sequences and reconstructed palaeodistribution by ecological niche modelling (ENM). In S. aphylla, that inhabits northern areas of the Monte, the haplotype network, demographic and spatial analyses and ENM indicated that the populations have remained demographic and spatially stable and would have undergone fragmentation in intermountain valleys and bolsons. In S. pachyrrhiza, distributed mainly along the Monte and southwestern Dry Chaco, the haplotype network presented a ‘star-like’ topology and demographic analyses and ENM supported a recent demographic expansion but no range expansion. The species diversified c. 2.5 Mya, survived Quaternary glaciations and responded differently to climatic changes, complex topography and environmental heterogeneity. The complex geological and climatic history of arid lands in mid-latitude South America provides different scenarios that promoted a mosaic of phylogeographical patterns.
Hybrid-based Deep Belief Network Model for Cement Compressive Strength Prediction
Authors: Shaswat Kumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCompressive strength is one of the most important qualities of concrete, and most of the conventional regression models for predicting the concrete strength could not achieve an expected result due to the unstructured factors. Moreover, the utilization of machine learning and statistical approaches playing its vital role in predicting the concrete compressive strength based on mixture proportions accounting to its industrial importance as well. In this manner, this paper attempts to introduce a new deep learning-based prediction model that makes the prediction more accurate, hence Deep Belief Network (DBN) is used. Moreover, to make the prediction more precise, it is planned to have the fine-tuning of activation function and weights of DBN, which makes the model efficient in its performance. For this purpose, an improved optimization concept is introduced called Lion Algorithm with new Rate Evaluation, which is the modified Lion Algorithm (LA). Finally, the performance of the proposed model is evaluated over other state-of-the-art models concerning certain error analysis.
Repeated loss of consciousness as the first symptom of recurrence of head and neck malignancy: a case report
Authors: Funabashi Sayaka , Yamagata Kenichiro , Nishii Tatsuya , Kusano Kengo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Head and neck malignancies rarely cause reflex syncope. Three mechanistic patterns of reflex syncope are known in such patients: carotid sinus syndrome, glossopharyngeal neuralgia syndrome, and parapharyngeal space lesions syncope syndrome. There are few reports describing parapharyngeal space lesions syncope syndrome.

Case summary
A 61-year-old man with a history of head and neck cancer underwent left lingual resection and left anterior cervical lymph node dissection followed by chemoradiotherapy. Two months later, he experienced his first syncope and was admitted to our hospital for further investigation. During the first few days in the hospital, he experienced loss of consciousness. Carotid artery massage and cervical rotation-extension examinations revealed no abnormalities, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia was not observed. Cervical computed tomography showed recurrence of tongue cancer infiltrating the para-nasopharyngeal space. Consequently, the patient had sinus pause during the loss of consciousness; hence, we suspected parapharyngeal space lesions syncope syndrome. Pacemaker implantation was considered but could not be performed as the patient passed away because of the original malignancy.

Discussion
Parapharyngeal space tumours are often characterized by the absence of subjective symptoms, although symptoms such as neck swelling and discomfort in the throat have been reported. Parapharyngeal space lesions syncope syndrome is caused by tumour invasion into the parapharyngeal space, and there is no known trigger for syncope. Our case is unique because the patient’s first symptom of recurrence of tongue cancer infiltrating the para-nasopharyngeal space was repeated loss of consciousness.
Genome sequence of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi sheds light on mummy berry disease infection of blueberry and mating type
Authors: Yow Ashley G , Zhang Yucheng , Bansal Kamaldeep , Eacker Stephen M , Sullivan Shawn , Liachko Ivan , Cubeta Marc A , Rollins Jeffrey A , Ashrafi Hamid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mummy berry disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi (Mvc), is one of the most economically important diseases of blueberries in North America. Mvc is capable of inducing two separate blighting stages during its life cycle. Infected fruits are rendered mummified and unmarketable. Genomic data for this pathogen is lacking, but could be useful in understanding the reproductive biology of Mvc and the mechanisms it deploys to facilitate host infection. In this study, PacBio sequencing and Hi-C interaction data were utilized to create a chromosome-scale reference genome for Mvc. The genome comprises nine chromosomes with a total length of 30 Mb, an N50 length of 4.06 Mb, and an average 413X sequence coverage. A total of 9399 gene models were predicted and annotated, and BUSCO analysis revealed that 98% of 1,438 searched conserved eukaryotic genes were present in the predicted gene set. Potential effectors were identified, and the mating-type (MAT) locus was characterized. Biotrophic effectors allow the pathogen to avoid recognition by the host plant and evade or mitigate host defense responses during the early stages of fruit infection. Following locule colonization, necrotizing effectors promote the mummification of host tissues. Potential biotrophic effectors utilized by Mvc include chorismate mutase for reducing host salicylate and necrotrophic effectors include necrosis-inducing proteins and hydrolytic enzymes for macerating host tissue. The MAT locus sequences indicate the potential for homothallism in the reference genome, but a deletion allele of the MAT locus, characterized in a second isolate, indicates heterothallism. Further research is needed to verify the roles of individual effectors in virulence and to determine the role of the MAT locus in outcrossing and population genotypic diversity.