bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine Liver Metastasis From the Small Intestine – Is Surgery Beneficial for Survival?
Authors: Selberherr Andreas , Freermann Simon , Kopererk Oskar , Niederle Martin , Riss Philipp , Scheuba Christian , Niederle Bruno 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Neuroendocrine neoplasia of the small intestine (siNEN) are frequently diagnosed with liver metastases. The impact of the presence of liver metastases on overall survival and the necessity of surgery for liver metastasis is discussed controversially. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the overall long-term survival of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasia of the small intestine (siNEN) with and without liver metastasis at initial diagnosis and the possible benefit of surgical treatment as compared to active surveillance of metastases. 123 consecutive patients with siNENs were treated between 1965 and 2016. All clinical and histological records were reevaluated including analysis of the proliferation rates in all specimens. The one-, five-, ten and twenty-year overall survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis for patients with and without liver metastasis and according to the type of treatment (surgical vs. surveillance) of liver metastases if present. Results The one-, five-, ten- and twenty-year overall survival rate was 89.0%, 68.4%, 52.8% and 31.0% in patients without and 89.5%, 69.5%, 33.2% and 3.6% in those with liver metastases. No statistically significant differences were observed comparing the two groups. Within the group of patients with liver metastases, the type of treatment (surgical vs. surveillance) was in favor of patients undergoing surgery.ConclusionThe presence of liver metastasis at initial diagnosis does not have a statistically significant influence on survival. Surgery for hepatic metastasis seems to show a benefit for overall survival and may be indicated especially in patients symptomatic due to high tumor burden and serotonin hypersecretion to reduce hormone activity.
Saving Structure, Speculation Housing and Economic Growth in the Iranian Economy
Authors: Refah-Kahriz Arash , Mohammadzadeh Yousef 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Economic theories maintain that saving is a significant financial resource for financial investment and economic growth; however, its structure has received little scholarly attention. If the structure of saving contributes into economic sterilization, it may result in undesirable consequences. This study investigates the relationship between saving structure, speculation housing and economic growth in Iranian economy, experiencing a high level of saving in the period 1970-2016. The results indicate that saving did not contributed into economic growth in Iranian economy; instead, a large proportion of saving was directed into speculation activities accumulating in the form of land and housing sector. During the time, this action increased the housing and land price index, much more than the total price index in Iranian economy. Therefore, it would be considerably difficult to start a business since the land is expensive; moreover, Iranian households assign a considerable amount of their money to housing and land section casing economic stagnation in other economic sections. Hence, despite the fact that Iran enjoys a high level of saving, it constantly suffers from enough budget resources for financial investment.JEL: D14. D84. O16. O47
The discovery of a novel knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation A1007G in the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (vgsc) on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Malaysia
Authors: Zuharah Wan Fatma , Sufian Maryam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The usage of insecticide rendered the successful vector control program with the high usage of the pyrethroid. However, the intensive and extensive use of pyrethroid, causing resistance in Aedes aegypti and hampered the control program. Knockdown resistance (kdr) resulting from the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (vgsc) is one of the mechanisms of resistance in pyrethroid group insecticide. Investigating the phenotypic status of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes is a lead in knowing the current resistance status and as an indicator of the genotypic resistance. In this study, we investigate the resistance in phenotypic and genotypic of Ae. aegypti with a new kdr mutation point, A1007G was detected. Methods: Using the adult bioassay, we tested the phenotypic resistance from the Selangor state against 0.75% permethrin, 0.05% deltamethrin with and without the addition of PBO synergist. Permethrin-resistant and deltamethrin-resistant, including susceptible samples, were subjected to genotyping analysis on mutation point in domain II and domain III of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (vgsc). Results: Adult bioassay revealed that the Ae. aegypti was highly resistance toward 0.75% permethrin and 0.05% deltamethrin. The bioassay with the presence of PBO synergist showed an increment of mortality rate, but the status of Ae. aegypti is still resistance towards both insecticides. Genotyping result showed that three common kdr mutations (S989P, V1016G, and F1534C) have existed in the Ae. aegypti population. Luckily, a new mutation on A1007G was also detected in this population, and this is the first time reported. Conclusions: This study has brought a piece of information on the current resistance status in Ae. aegypti in Malaysia. The detection of new mutation point of A1007G has added the knowledge on the resistance in mosquitoes. Thus, this study will aid the decision in using the insecticide usage in vector control program before this invaluable insecticide rendered ineffective in killing mosquitoes.
Construction of potential periodontitis-related miRNA-mRNA regulatory network
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Zheng Youli , Bian Xiaowei , Jin Mingguang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are found to be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, a major cause of tooth loss in adults. However, a comprehensive miRNA-mRNA regulatory network has still not been established.
Methods

One miRNA expression profile and 2 gene expression profiles were downloaded from the GEO database and analyzed using GEO2R. Candidate genes commonly appeared in differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) and target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were selected for functional and pathway enrichment analyses using Enrichr database. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen independent variables among candidate genes. The diagnostic values of screened genes were determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).
Results

A total of 5 DE-miRNAs (4 upregulated and 1 downregulated) and 11 candidate genes (3 upregulated and 8 downregulated) were screened. After the construction of miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, 12 miRNA-mRNA pairs were identified. In the network, the upregulated genes were significantly enriched in cellular triglyceride homeostasis and positive regulation of B cell differentiation, whereas the downregulated genes were enriched in vesicle organization, negative regulation of lymphocyte and leukocyte migration. EPCAM and RAB30 were screened as risk factors of periodontitis. The combined AUC of these 2 genes was 0.896 (GSE10334) and 0.916 (GSE16134).
Conclusion

In this study, we established a potential periodontitis-related miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, which brings new insights into the molecular mechanisms and provides key clues in seeking novel therapeutic targets for periodontitis. In the future, more experiments need to be carried out to validate our current findings.
New lineages of Asterochloris photobionts in Bolivian lichens, and expand our knowledge on habitat preferences and distribution of Asterochloris algae
Authors: Kosecka Magdalena , Guzow-Krzemińska Beata , Černajová Ivana , Škaloud Pavel , Jabłońska Agnieszka , Kukwa Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We studied biodiversity of Asterochloris photobionts found in lichen symbioses in Bolivian Andean vegetation and, to better understand global spatial distribution and adaptation strategies of this algae, in relation to worldwide phylogeny of the genus. Based on nuclear ITS rDNA, chloroplast rbcL gene and actin type I gene we constructed a phylogenetic tree that recovered 12 new Asterochloris lineages; and 29 Bolivian photobiont samples were assigned to 11 previously recognized Asterochloris lineages. We showed that some Asterochloris photobiont species and lineages known to date may occur in a broader spectrum of climatic conditions and mycobiont species and photobionts may show different preferences in the altitude gradient. To reveal general patterns of specificity of the mycobionts towards the photobiont in Asterochloris dependent symbiosis on global range, we tested the influence of climate, altitude, geographical distance and effects of symbiotic partner (mycobiont) at the species level of three genera of lichen forming fungi, i.e. Stereocaulon, Cladonia and Lepraria. Also, we compared specificity of mycobionts towards Asterochloris photobionts in cosmopolitan, Neotropical, and Pantropical lichen forming fungi. Interestingly, cosmopolitan species showed the lowest specificity to their photobionts’, but also the lowest haplotype diversity. While, Neotropical and Paleotropical mycobionts were more specific.
Statins in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Iranian COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Peymani Payam , Dehesh Tania , Aligolighasemabadi Farnaz , Sadeghdoust Mohammadamin , Kotfis Katarzyna , Ahmadi Mazaher , Mehrbod Parvaneh , Iranpour Pooya , Dastghaib Sanaz , Nasimian Ahmad , Ravandi Amir , Kidane Biniam , Ahmed Naseer , Sharma Pawan , Shojaei Shahla , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri , Madej Andrzej , Rezaei Nima , Madrakian Tayyebeh , Los Marek , Labouta Hagar Ibrahim , Mokarram Pooneh , Ghavami Saeid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has profoundly affected the lives of millions of people. To date, there is no approved vaccine or specific drug to prevent or treat COVID-19, while the infection is spreading at an alarming rate globally. Because the development of effective vaccines or novel drugs could take several months (if not years), repurposing existing drugs is considered a more efficient strategy that could save lives now. Statins constitute a class of lipid-lowering drugs with proven safety profiles and many known beneficial pleiotropic effects. Our previous investigations showed that statins have antiviral effects and are involved in the process of wound healing in the lung. This triggered us to evaluate if statin use reduces mortality in COVID-19 patients. Results: After initial recruitment of 459 patients with COVID-19 (Shiraz province, Iran) and careful consideration of the exclusion criteria, a total of 150 patients, of which 75 received statins, were included in our retrospective study. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between statin use and rate of death. After propensity score matching, we found that statin use appeared to be associated with a lower risk of morbidity [HR=0.85, 95% CI=(0.02, 3.93), P=0.762] and lower risk of death [(HR= 0.76; 95% CI=(0.16, 3.72), P=0.735)]; however, these associations did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, statin use reduced the chance of being subjected to mechanical ventilation [OR=0.96, 95% CI=(0.61–2.99), P=0.942] and patients on statins had a more normal computed tomography (CT) scan result [OR=0.41, 95% CI= (0.07–2.33), P=0.312]. Conclusions: Although we could not demonstrate a significant association between statin use and a reduction in mortality in patients with COVID19 , we do feel that our results are promising and of clinical relevance and warrant the need for prospective randomized controlled trials and extensive retrospective studies to validate the potential beneficial effects of statin treatment on clinical symptoms and mortality rates associated with COVID-19.
The Appropriate Time Interval Between Hysteroscopic Polypectomy and the Start of FET&nbsp;: A Retrospective Corchort Study
Authors: Wang Zhong-Kai , Qiao Hong-Wu , Wu She-Ling , Zhang Wen , Yu Xiao-Na , Li Jing , Wang Xing-Ling , Lou Hua , Guan Yi-Chun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To investigate when is the appropriate time interval between hysteroscopic polypectomy and the start of FET cyclesDesign: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Academic center. Patient(s): All patients diagnosed with endometrial polyps undergoing hysteroscopic polypectomy before FET.Intervention(s): Hysteroscopic polypectomy.MainOutcomeMeasure(s): Patients were divided into four groups based on the time interval between hysteroscopic polypectomy and the start of FET Demographics, baseline FET characteristics, pregnancy outcomes after FET were compared among the groups. A total of 1703 patients met inclusion criteria: 547 patients in group 1 who underwent FET after hysteroscopic polypectomy 1-3menses cycles, 389 patients in group 2 who underwent FET after hysteroscopic polypectomy 4-6 menses cycles, 421 patients in group 3 who underwent FET after hysteroscopic polypectomy 7-12menses cycles, and 373 patients in group 4 who underwent FET after hysteroscopic polypectomy more than 12 menses cycles, whats more the group 1 were divided into 3 groups depend on the time interval between hysteroscopic polypectomy and the start of FET. The FET outcomes were compared.Result(s): There were no differences in the mean number of embryos transferred. The overall pregnancy outcomes were similar for groups 1, 2, 3,and 4: implantation rate (38%, 38.2%, 39.5%and 36.8, respectively), clinical pregnancy rate (51.9%, 48%, 53.2and 50%), spontaneous miscarriage rate (8.4%,8.4%, 12.2and 8.9%), and live birth rate (42.4%. 40.4%, 42.8% and 40.9%). Conclusion(s): IVF outcomes seem to be unrelated to the time interval between the hysteroscopic polyp resection and the initiation of the FET; The abortion rates may be lower if the treatment is started in the first few months post operatively.
The Pharmacokinetics of [18F]UCB-H Revisited in The Healthy Non-Human Primate Brain
Authors: Goutal Sébastien , Guillermier Martine , Becker Guillaume , Gaudin Mylène , Bramoullé Yann , Luxen André , Lemaire Christian , Plenevaux Alain , Salmon Eric , Hantraye Philippe , Barret Olivier , Camp Nadja Van 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the Synaptic Vesicle glycoprotein (SV) 2A is a new tool to quantify synaptic density. [18F]UCB-H was one of the first promising SV2A-ligands to be labelled and used in vivo in rodent and human, while limited information on its pharmacokinetic properties is available in the non-human primate. Here, we aimed to characterize [18F]UCB-H in the non-human cynomolgus primate and to discuss the obtained results in the light of the current state of SV2A PET ligands.Results [18F]UCB-H pharmacokinetic data was optimally fitted with a two-compartment model (2TCM), even though a slow component led to instability for the estimation of k3 and k4, and hence the total volume of distribution. 2TCM with coupled fit K1/k2 across brain regions stabilized the quantification, and confirmed a lower non-displaceable binding potential, BPND (estimated by k3/k4), of [18F]UCB-H compared to the newest SV2A-ligands. However, the non-displaceable distribution volume (VND) and the influx parameter (K1) is similar to what has been reported for other SV2A ligands. These data were reinforced by displacement studies using [19F]UCB-H, demonstrating only 50 % displacement of the total [18F]UCB-H signal at maximal occupancy of SV2A. Conclusions Modeling issues with a 2TCM due to a slow component have previously been reported for other SV2A ligands with low specific binding, or after blocking of specific binding. As all SV2A ligands share chemical structural similarities, we hypothesize that this slow binding component is common for all SV2A ligands, but only hampers quantification when specific binding is low.
Innovative Strategies for Developing Tuberculosis Implementation Research in Sudan
Authors: Elshayeb Ayman Ahmed , Ahmed Nihad Mohammed , Salih Karimeldin Mohammed , Nugoud Osama Abu Zaid , Yagoub Abd Allah Elnayeb , Ali Abdel Karim Sabir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Sudan, especially Eastern States are very poor areas at great risk of endemic and communicable diseases particularly tuberculosis. The reasons for the spread and transmission of this disease include medical, economical and geographical issues, besides Sudan’s location in the middle of nine countries in East Africa, its boundaries were affected by free movement, high number of conflicts displaced peoples from boarders’ countries, high illiteracy rates, limited financial resources and shortages in medical services. Objectives: This project is conducted to implement a new developed system for eliminating Tuberculosis infections among eastern Sudanese populations focusing on the eradication of multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis including novel methods for the targeted delivery of new therapeutic drugs. Methods: Strategies adopted in this work are proposed to increase access includes to communicable and economic factors. Disease Survey and Laboratorial Investigation for Multi Drug Resistant bacterial strains confirmation. Medical Assessment of TB Patients to facilitate improved efficiencies through metric measurement and enable patients’ relationship management. Established a national level policy of treatment, vaccination and prevention. Administering regular evaluation of the disease situation and control.Results: Implementation outcomes includes the conceptual framework for this project were informed by a combination of the general program logic model, the health system framework of the World Health Organization, WHO, the pillars of the Sudan health agenda, and the framework of the Strategic Elimination Plan. It is assumed that the reduction of TB burden at the national level (long-term output or impact) is preceded by improved case-finding and case-holding practices (short-term output). Impact outcome of the project is derived from the observation that tuberculosis is much more common at the boarders than center of Sudan where no adequate clinical services are available. It is conceivable that, although outbreaks may occur periodically, the control of disease might be easier to overcome than direct medication.Conclusion: A major success of the project accomplishment, is the stimulation of the implementation strategy development for elimination and eradication of Tuberculosis in Sudan with a view to bring diagnostic and surveillance issues much higher up according to the implementation research agenda especially for those areas explored with similar national and international research projects, reports and technical initiatives.
Development of HIV drug resistance in a cohort of adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania during the stavudine era
Authors: Sangeda Raphael Z , Gómes Perpétua , Rhee Soo-Yon , Mosha Fausta , Camacho Ricardo J. , Wijngaerden Eric Van , Lyamuya Eligius F. , Vandamme Anne-Mieke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As more HIV patients start combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is inevitable. This will have consequences for the transmission of HIVDR, the success of ART, and the nature and trend of the epidemic. We recruited a cohort of 223 patients starting or continuing their first-line cART in Tanzania during the stavudine era in 2010. Patients were then followed up for one year. From those with a viral load test at baseline and follow-up time, 34% were failing virologically at the one-year endpoint. From 41 patients, protease and reverse transcriptase genotyping were successful. Eighteen samples were from therapy-naïve patients and 23 samples were taken under therapy either baseline for patients already under cART at study entry, or follow-up sample. The isolates were mostly subtype A, followed by C and D at 41.5%, 22% and 12.2% of the patients, respectively. No transmitted HIVDR was detected, as scored using the surveillance drug resistance mutations (DRMs) list. However, in 3 of the 18 samples from therapy-naïve patients, the clinical Rega interpretation algorithm scored 44D or 138A as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance-associated polymorphisms. The most observed nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutation was 184V. The mutation was found in 16 patients causing resistance to lamivudine and emtricitabine. Nineteen patients had NNRTI resistance mutations, the most common of which was 103N observed in 8 patients. These high levels of resistance calls for regular drug resistance surveillance in Tanzania to control the emergence and transmission of HIVDR.
Effects of Glucocorticoid Pulse Therapy on Thyroid Function and Thyroid Antibodies in Children with Graves’ Disease
Authors: Hu Yanyan , Man Yulin , Sun Xuemei , Xue Yongzhen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of glucocorticoid pulse therapy on thyroid function and thyroid antibodies in children with Graves’ disease (GD).Methods Twenty children who were treated by intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPT) followed by oral prednisolone administration and antithyroid drugs were included in the pulse group. Twenty children who were treated with antithyroid drugs alone were included in the control group. Serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb), and thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) were recorded at baseline and 10 days, 30days, and 60 days after treatment. Results Significant differences in FT3, FT4, TSH, TPOAb, TGAb, and TRAb levels were found in both groups from baseline to follow-up time points (all P<0.05). On the 30th day, the TRAb level in the pulse group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P=0.023). However, the level of TRAb rose on the 60th day. For values of TRAb at baseline, 10 days, and 60 days after treatment, there were no significant differences respectively between the two groups (all P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in FT3, FT4, TSH, TPOAb, and TGAb levels between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that the effects of intravenous MPT followed by oral prednisolone on TRAb level are temporary in children with GD. It is not helpful to the sustained recovery of thyroid function.