bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State-to-state inelastic rate coefficients of phosphine in collision with He at low to moderate temperature
Authors: Badri Ayda , Najar Faouzi , Bop Cheikh T , Jaidane Nejm-Eddine , Hochlaf Majdi 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTSeveral phosphorus-bearing molecules, such as the phosphine of interest here, have been detected in astrophysical media. With the aim of satisfying the precision required by the astrophysical community, we report the rate coefficients of PH3 in collision with helium from low to moderate temperature. To this end, we constructed the first three-dimensional potential energy surface (3D-PES) of the PH3–He van der Waals complex, which governs the nuclear motions. The 3D-PES was worked out by means of the standard coupled cluster with single, double and non-iterative triple excitation approach, in conjunction with the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set and complemented by mid-bond functions. This 3D-PES presents a well of 34.92 cm−1 at {R, θ, Φ} = {5.76 a0, 90°, 60°}. Afterwards, we incorporated this 3D-PES into time-independent close-coupling quantum dynamical computations to derive the inelastic cross-sections of rotational excitation of (ortho-) para-PH3 after collision with He up to (1000) 500 cm−1. Subsequently, we evaluated the rate coefficients for temperatures up to (100 K) 50 K populating the (41) 42 low-lying rotational levels of (ortho-) para-PH3. These data were derived by averaging the cross-sections thermally over the Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution. No general propensity rules are found. We also performed a comparison with the rates for NH3–He. Differences are observed that invalidate the use of NH3 rates for deducing accurate abundances of phosphine in cold astrophysical media. Our results should be of great help in determining accurate PH3 abundances and, more generally, constraining the interstellar PH3 chemistry better.
SN 2014ab: an aspherical Type IIn supernova with low polarization
Authors: Bilinski Christopher , Smith Nathan , Williams G Grant , Smith Paul , Andrews Jennifer , Clubb Kelsey I , Zheng WeiKang , Filippenko Alexei V , Fox Ori D , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Howell D Andrew , Kelly Patrick L , Milne Peter , Sand D J , Hoffman Jennifer L , Leonard Douglas C , Cargill Samantha , Casper Chadwick , Halevy Goni , Kim Haejung , Kumar Sahana , Pina Kenia , Yuk Heechan 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We present photometry, spectra, and spectropolarimetry of supernova (SN) 2014ab, obtained through ∼200 d after peak brightness. SN 2014ab was a luminous Type IIn SN (MV &lt; −19.14 mag) discovered after peak brightness near the nucleus of its host galaxy, VV 306c. Pre-discovery upper limits constrain the time of explosion to within 200 d prior to discovery. While SN 2014ab declined by ∼1 mag over the course of our observations, the observed spectrum remained remarkably unchanged. Spectra exhibit an asymmetric emission-line profile with a consistently stronger blueshifted component, suggesting the presence of dust or a lack of symmetry between the far side and near side of the SN. The Pa β emission line shows a profile very similar to that of H α, implying that this stronger blueshifted component is caused either through obscuration by large dust grains, occultation by optically thick material, or a lack of symmetry between the far side and near side of the interaction region. Despite these asymmetric line profiles, our spectropolarimetric data show that SN 2014ab has little detected polarization after accounting for the interstellar polarization. We are likely seeing emission from a photosphere that has only small deviation from circular symmetry in the plane normal to our line of sight, but with either large-grain dust or significant asymmetry in the density of circumstellar material or SN ejecta along our line of sight. We suggest that SN 2014ab and SN 2010jl (as well as other SNe IIn) may be events with similar geometry viewed from different directions.
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): a forensic SED reconstruction of the cosmic star formation history and metallicity evolution by galaxy type
Authors: Bellstedt Sabine , Robotham Aaron S G , Driver Simon P , Thorne Jessica E , Davies Luke J M , Lagos Claudia del P , Stevens Adam R H , Taylor Edward N , Baldry Ivan K , Moffett Amanda J , Hopkins Andrew M , Phillipps Steven 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We apply the spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code ProSpect to multiwavelength imaging for ∼7000 galaxies from the GAMA survey at z &lt; 0.06, in order to extract their star formation histories. We combine a parametric description of the star formation history with a closed-box evolution of metallicity where the present-day gas-phase metallicity of the galaxy is a free parameter. We show with this approach that we are able to recover the observationally determined cosmic star formation history (CSFH), an indication that stars are being formed in the correct epoch of the Universe, on average, for the manner in which we are conducting SED fitting. We also show the contribution to the CSFH of galaxies of different present-day visual morphologies and stellar masses. Our analysis suggests that half of the mass in present-day elliptical galaxies was in place 11 Gyr ago. In other morphological types, the stellar mass formed later, up to 6 Gyr ago for present-day irregular galaxies. Similarly, the most massive galaxies in our sample were shown to have formed half their stellar mass by 11 Gyr ago, whereas the least massive galaxies reached this stage as late as 4 Gyr ago (the well-known effect of ‘galaxy downsizing’). Finally, our metallicity approach allows us to follow the average evolution in gas-phase metallicity for populations of galaxies and extract the evolution of the cosmic metal mass density in stars and in gas, producing results in broad agreement with independent, higher redshift observations of metal densities in the Universe.
A minimum dilution scenario for supernovae and consequences for extremely metal-poor stars
Authors: Magg Mattis , Nordlander Thomas , Glover Simon C O , Hansen Camilla J , Ishigaki Miho , Heger Alexander , Klessen Ralf S , Kobayashi Chiaki , Nomoto Ken’ichi 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
To date no metal-free stars have been identified by direct observations. The most common method of constraining their properties is searching the spectra of the most metal-poor stars for the chemical elements created in the first stars and their supernova (SN). In this approach, modelled SN yields are compared to the observed abundance patterns in extremely metal-poor stars. The method typically only uses the abundance ratios, i.e. the yields are diluted to the observed level. Following the usual assumption of spherical symmetry we compute a simple lower limit of the mass an SN can mix with and find that it is consistent with all published simulations of early chemical enrichment in the interstellar medium. For three different cases, we demonstrate that this dilution limit can change the conclusions from the abundance fitting. There is a large discrepancy between the dilution found in simulations of SN explosions in minihaloes and the dilution assumed in many abundance fits. Limiting the dilution can significantly alter the likelihood of which supernovae are possible progenitors of observed CEMP-no stars. In particular, some of the faint, very low yield SNe, which have been suggested as models for the abundance pattern of SMSS0313−6708, cannot explain the measured metal abundances, as their predicted metal yields are too small by two orders of magnitude. Altogether, the new dilution model presented here emphasizes the need to better understand the mixing and dilution behaviour of aspherical SNe.
Host galaxy properties of changing-look AGNs revealed in the MaNGA survey
Authors: Yu Xiaoling , Shi Yong , Chen Yanmei , Chen Jianhang , Li Songlin , Bing Longji , Ge Junqiang , Riffel Rogemar A , Riffel Rogério 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Changing-look active galactic nuclei (CL-AGNs) are a subset of AGNs in which the broad Balmer emission lines appear or disappear within a few years. We use the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey to identify five CL-AGNs. The 2D photometric and kinematic maps reveal common features as well as some unusual properties of CL-AGN hosts as compared to the AGN hosts in general. All MaNGA CL-AGNs reside in the star-forming main sequence, similar to MaNGA non-changing-look AGNs (NCL-AGNs). The $80 \pm 16{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of our CL-AGNs do possess pseudo-bulge features, and follow the overall NCL-AGN MBH–σ* relationship. The kinematic measurements indicate that they have similar distributions in the plane of angular momentum versus galaxy ellipticity. MaNGA CL-AGNs, however, show a higher, but not statistically significant ($20 \pm 16{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) fraction of counter-rotating features compared to that ($1.84 \pm 0.61{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) in general star formation population. In addition, MaNGA CL-AGNs favour more face-on (axial ratio &gt; 0.7) than that of type I NCL-AGNs. These results suggest that host galaxies could play a role in the CL-AGN phenomenon.
Rotating neutron stars in F(R) gravity with axions
Authors: Astashenok Artyom V , Odintsov Sergey D 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate equilibrium configurations of uniformly rotating neutron stars in R2 gravity with axion scalar field for GM1 equation of state (EoS) for nuclear matter. The mass–radius diagram, mass–central energy density are presented for some frequencies in comparison with static stars. We also compute equatorial and polar radii and moment of inertia for stars. For axion field ϕ, the coupling in the form ∼R2ϕ is assumed. Several interesting results follow from our consideration. Maximal possible star mass with given EoS increases due to the contribution of coupling term. We discovered the possibility to increase maximal frequency of the rotation in comparison with General Relativity. As a consequence, the lower bound on mass of the fast rotating stars decreases. For frequency f = 700 Hz, neutron stars with masses ∼M⊙ can exist for some choice of parameters (in General Relativity for same EoS, this limit is around 1.2 M⊙). Another feature of our solutions is relatively small increase of stars' radii for high frequencies in comparison with static case. Thus, eventually, the new class of neutron stars in R2 gravity with axions is discovered namely fast rotating compact stars with intermediate masses.
Survival Trends After Surgery for Spinal Metastatic Tumors: 20-Year Cancer Center Experience
Authors: Rothrock Robert J , Barzilai Ori , Reiner Anne S , Lis Eric , Schmitt Adam M , Higginson Daniel S , Yamada Yoshiya , Bilsky Mark H , Laufer Ilya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Over the last 2 decades, advances in systemic therapy have increased the expected overall survival for patients with cancer. It is unclear whether the same survival benefit has been conferred to patients requiring surgery for metastatic spinal disease.

OBJECTIVE
To examine trends in postoperative survival over a 20-yr period for patients surgically treated for spinal metastatic disease.

METHODS
Data were obtained for 1515 patients who underwent surgery for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression or tumor-related mechanical instability. Postoperative overall survival was calculated for all included patients using Kaplan-Meier methodology from date of surgery until death or last follow-up for those who were censored. Trends were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards modeling.

RESULTS
Patients with renal, breast, lung, and colon cancers experienced a statistically significant improvement in survival over time based on the year of surgery (40%-100% improvement over the study period), whereas the overall survival trend for the entire cohort did not reach statistical significance (P = .12, median survival 0.71 yr, 95% CI 0.63-0.78). Patients presenting with synchronous metastatic disease had better survival compared to those presenting with metachronous disease (median overall survival: 0.94 vs 0.63 yr, respectively; log-rank P-value = .00001).

CONCLUSION
The postoperative survival among patients with spinal metastases has improved over the past 20 yr, particularly in patients with kidney, breast, lung, and colon tumors metastatic to the spine. The observed survival improvement emphasizes the need for long-term outcome consideration in treatment decisions for patients undergoing surgery for spinal metastatic tumors.
Mild and Severe Obesity Reduce the Effectiveness of Lumbar Fusions: 1-Year Patient-Reported Outcomes in 8171 Patients
Authors: Mulvaney Graham , Rice Olivia M , Rossi Vincent , Peters David , Smith Mark , Patt Joshua , Pfortmiller Deborah , Asher Anthony L , Kim Paul , Bernard Joe , McGirt Matthew 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Elevated body mass index (BMI) is a well-known risk factor for surgical complications in lumbar surgery. However, its effect on surgical effectiveness independent of surgical complications is unclear.

OBJECTIVE
To determine increasing BMI’s effect on functional outcomes following lumbar fusion surgery, independent of surgical complications.

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively built, patient-reported, quality of life registry representing 75 hospital systems. We evaluated 1- to 3-level elective lumbar fusions. Patients who experienced surgical complications were excluded. A stepwise multivariate regression model assessed factors independently associated with 1-yr Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), preop to 1-yr ODI change, and achievement of minimal clinically important difference (MCID).

RESULTS
A total of 8171 patients met inclusion criteria: 2435 with class I obesity (BMI 30-35 kg/m2), 1328 with class II (35-40 kg/m2), and 760 with class III (≥40 kg/m2). Increasing BMI was independently associated with worse 12-mo ODI (t = 8.005, P < .001) and decreased likelihood of achieving MCID (odds ratio [OR] = 0.977, P < .001). One year after surgery, mean ODI, ODI change, and percentage achieving MCID worsened with class I, class II, and class III vs nonobese cohorts (P < .001) in stepwise fashion.

CONCLUSION
Increasing BMI is associated with decreased effectiveness of 1- to 3-level elective lumbar fusion, despite absence of surgical complications. BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 is, therefore, a risk factor for both surgical complication and reduced benefit from lumbar fusion.
Diatom-inspired multiscale mineralization of patterned protein–polysaccharide complex structures
Authors: Li Ke , Li Yingfeng , Wang Xinyu , Cui Mengkui , An Bolin , Pu Jiahua , Liu Jintao , Zhang Boyang , Ma Guijun , Zhong Chao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Marine diatoms construct their hierarchically ordered, three-dimensional (3D) external structures called frustules through precise biomineralization processes. Recapitulating the remarkable architectures and functions of diatom frustules in artificial materials is a major challenge that has important technological implications for hierarchically ordered composites. Here, we report the construction of highly ordered, mineralized composites based on fabrication of complex self-supporting porous structures—made of genetically engineered amyloid fusion proteins and the natural polysaccharide chitin—and performing in situ multiscale protein-mediated mineralization with diverse inorganic materials, including SiO2, TiO2 and Ga2O3. Subsequently, using sugar cubes as templates, we demonstrate that 3D fabricated porous structures can become colonized by engineered bacteria and can be functionalized with highly photoreactive minerals, thereby enabling co-localization of the photocatalytic units with a bacteria-based hydrogenase reaction for a successful semi-solid artificial photosynthesis system for hydrogen evolution. Our study thus highlights the power of coupling genetically engineered proteins and polysaccharides with biofabrication techniques to generate hierarchically organized mineralized porous structures inspired by nature.
Ultra-small hollow ternary alloy nanoparticles for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Zhenxing , Yu Chengcheng , Kang Yikun , Zhang Xin , Wen Yangyang , Wang Zhao-Kui , Ma Chang , Wang Cong , Wang Kaiwen , Qu Xianlin , He Miao , Zhang Ya-Wen , Song Weiyu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hollow nanoparticles with large specific surface area and high atom utilization are promising catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). We describe herein the design and synthesis of a series of ultra-small hollow ternary alloy nanostructures using a simple one-pot strategy. The same technique was demonstrated for hollow PtNiCu nanoparticles, hollow PtCoCu nanoparticles and hollow CuNiCo nanoparticles. During synthesis, the displacement reaction and oxidative etching played important roles in the formation of hollow structures. Moreover, our hollow PtNiCu and PtCoCu nanoparticles were single crystalline, with an average diameter of 5 nm. Impressively, ultra-small hollow PtNiCu nanoparticles, containing only 10% Pt, exhibited greater electrocatalytic HER activity and stability than a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The overpotential of hollow PtNiCu nanoparticles at 10 mA cm−2 was 28 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The mass activity was 4.54 A mgPt−1 at −70 mV versus RHE, which is 5.62-fold greater than that of a commercial Pt/C system (0.81 A mgPt−1). Through analyses of bonding and antibonding orbital filling, density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the bonding strength of different metals to the hydrogen intermediate (H*) was in the order of Pt &gt; Co &gt; Ni &gt; Cu. The excellent HER performance of our hollow PtNiCu nanoparticles derives from moderately synergistic interactions between the three metals and H*. This work demonstrates a new strategy for the design of low-cost and high-activity HER catalysts.
Graphdiyne-based metal atomic catalysts for synthesizing ammonia
Authors: Yu Huidi , Xue Yurui , Hui Lan , Zhang Chao , Fang Yan , Liu Yuxin , Chen Xi , Zhang Danyan , Huang Bolong , Li Yuliang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Development of novel catalysts for nitrogen reduction at ambient pressures and temperatures with ultrahigh ammonia (NH3) yield and selectivity is challenging. In this work, an atomic catalyst with separated Pd atoms on graphdiyne (Pd-GDY) was synthesized, which shows fascinating electrocatalytic properties for nitrogen reduction. The catalyst has the highest average NH3 yield of 4.45 ± 0.30 mgNH3 mgPd−1 h−1, almost tens of orders larger than for previously reported catalysts, and 100% reaction selectivity in neutral media. Pd-GDY exhibits almost no decreases in NH3 yield and Faradaic efficiency. Density functional theory calculations show that the reaction pathway prefers to perform at the (Pd, C1, C2) active area because of the strongly coupled (Pd, C1, C2), which elevates the selectivity via enhanced electron transfer. By adjusting the p–d coupling accurately, reduction of self-activated nitrogen is promoted by anchoring atom selection, and side effects are minimized.
A Care Ethical Theory of Right Action
Authors: Steyl Steven 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne of the most striking and underexplored points of difference between care ethics and other normative theories is its reluctance to offer a theory of right action. Unlike other normative ethical frameworks, care ethicists typically either neglect right action or explicitly refuse to provide a theory thereof. This paper disputes that stance. It begins with an examination of right action in care ethics, offering reasons for care ethicists not to oppose the development of a care ethical theory thereof. It then considers some potential formulations of a first premise of a theory of right action, both demonstrating the diversity of possible first premises and arguing for a monistic subset of these. It subsequently presents some potential second premises, arguing that a care ethical theory of right action ought to adopt a eudaimonistic approach to care. The paper thereby makes several inroads into a care ethical account of moral evaluation.
Anakinra treatment in patients with familial Mediterranean fever: a single-centre experience
Authors: Ugurlu Serdal , Ergezen Bilgesu , Egeli Bugra Han , Selvi Oguzhan , Ozdogan Huri 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Anakinra is proven to be effective in controlled trials in terms of attack frequency and subclinical inflammation in colchicine-resistant patients. The objective of this study was to review the patients followed in our single centre with FMF who received anakinra because of insufficient colchicine response.

Methods
The study was conducted at a tertiary rheumatology centre experienced in autoinflammatory diseases. The patients were treated for at least 1 month with anakinra. Patients with amyloidosis and pregnancy were not included. Attack frequency, patient global assessment scales of disease severity and acute phase reactants were recorded before and throughout anakinra treatment. Criteria of treatment termination were side effects, disease remission, inadequate response, pregnancy plan and non-compliance.

Results
One hundred and six patients diagnosed with FMF were treated with anakinra; 45.92% of the patients had a homozygous M694V mutation; 83 of the 98 patients tested for MEFV carried at least one copy of M694V. Attack frequency decreased while on anakinra treatment; in fact, no attacks were observed in 75 patients. Visual analogue scale score decreased from 7.49 (2.03) to 3.08 (2.82) (P = 0.001). Currently, 71 patients are still on anakinra treatment. Treatment of 34 patients was discontinued (32%). Insufficient response and side effects were the most common reasons for treatment discontinuation. All of the side effects observed were reversible and the patients alleviated after treatment cessation. In four patients, leukopenia was observed.

Conclusion
In patients who were refractory to colchicine, anti-IL-1 agent anakinra was shown to be effective and safe. The effectiveness of anakinra stems from preventing attacks and increasing the quality of life.
Tofacitinib as a possible treatment for skin thickening in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
Authors: You Hanxiao , Xu Dong , Hou Yong , Zhou Jiaxin , Wang Qian , Li Mengtao , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To analyse the effectiveness of tofacitinib for the treatment of refractory skin thickening in dcSSc.

Methods
Data from 10 patients with dcSSc treated with tofacitinib (5 mg twice daily) were analysed. A total of 12 dcSSc patients treated with intensive conventional immunosuppressants were selected as the historical comparator group. A clinically relevant response was defined as a decrease in the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) of &gt;5 points and ≥25% from baseline. Clinical indicators were compared between the two groups to evaluate the effect of tofacitinib.

Results
The mRSS significantly improved the first month after tofacitinib treatment, with a mean change in the mRSS of −3.7 (95% CI −5.52, −1.88; P = 0.001) and greater than the comparators at 6 months [−10.0 (95% CI −14.74, −5.26) vs −4.1 (95% CI −7.49, −0.73), P = 0.026]. Tofacitinib-treated patients had a significantly shorter response time than the comparators (P = 0.015 by log-rank test), with overall response rates of 20% (2/10) vs 0% (0/12) and 60% (6/10) vs 16.7% (2/12) at 1 and 3 months, respectively.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that tofacitinib may be as effective as or even better than intensive conventional immunosuppressants, with a quicker and higher response rate in refractory dcSSc patients with progressive skin thickness.