bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Étudier l’expérience vécue de la victimation environnementale. L’apport de la green-cultural criminology
Authors: Natali Lorenzo 
Published: December 2019

L’article explore les processus de victimation environnementale du point de vue d’une criminologie « verte » et « culturelle » ( green-cultural criminology ). Il défend l’adoption d’une approche visuelle dans l’enquête qualitative, au moyen d’une méthode connue sous le nom de photo-interprétation ( photo-elicitation ). Pour ce faire, il s’appuie sur des éléments généraux ainsi que sur une étude de cas menée à Huelva, dans le sud de l’Espagne, une ville gravement polluée par la présence voisine d’usines chimiques implantées dans les années 1960. Cette contribution souligne l’importance de mener des enquêtes empiriques sur la perception sociale des dommages environnementaux qui soient particulièrement attentives aux expériences et récits des acteurs eux-mêmes, avec ce que cela suppose de contradictions et de désaccords, voire de conflits.
Adult Learning Styles and Attitudes Toward Computer Assisted Instruction
Authors: Brudenell Ingrid , Carpenter Connie Stewart 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between learning style categories and attitudes toward computer assisted instruction (CAI). Few studies have attempted to compare adult learning style and attitude toward CAI.
In a one group pre- and post-test design, two questionnaires were administered to adult students enrolled in a nursing research course, which integrated CAI as an instructional method. The Attitude Toward Computer Assisted Instruction Semantic Differential Tbol (Alien, 1986) was completed twice. The Learning Style Inventory (Kolb, 1976), a self-report questionnaire to determine learning style, was completed once.
Data analysis indicated a significantly greater negative attitude toward CAI post-test. Subjects in all four learning style categories had statistically significantly greater negative attitudes on the function subscale, with assimilators also having a significantly greater negative attitude on the creativity subscale, as well as in overall attitude. The increasingly negative attitude toward CAI in this study may reflect several factors: an evaluation of the CAI software, and subject expectations of the CAI that were not met.
Eight-year Follow-up of Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Pietilä Juhani , Mäkinen Petri , Pajari Tero , Suominen Sakari , Keski-Nisula Juho , Sipilä Kalle , Huhtala Anne , Uusitalo Hannu 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We evaluated 8-year results of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia in terms of stability and late complications.
METHODS: Ninety-two myopic eyes of 55 patients were treated with a single-step method using an Aesculap-Meditec MEL 60 excimer laser with a 5.0-mm ablation zone. Treated eyes were divided into three groups according to preoperative refraction: low myopes (≤-6.00 D), medium myopes (-6.10 to -10.00 D), and high myopes (>-10.00D).
RESULTS: Change in myopic regression stabilized in all myopia groups within 12 months, although a small myopic shift occurred up to 8 years after PRK. Mean change in refraction between 2 and 8 years was -0.42 ± 0.48 D for low myopes, -0.37 ± 0.34 D for medium myopes, and -0.41 ± 0.50 D for high myopes. The percentage of eyes within ±1.00 D of emmetropia 8 years after PRK was 78.3% in the low myopia group, 68.8% in the medium myopia group, and 57.1% in the high myopia group. One eye lost 2 lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity due to irregular astigmatism. In 13.0% of eyes, a residual trace corneal haze was observed, which had no effect on visual acuity. Apart from the loss of 2 lines of BSCVA in one eye, there were no other late complications during the study period.
CONCLUSIONS: The mean change in refraction between 2 and 8 years was less than -0.50 D, regardless of preoperative refraction, and may be attributed to natural age-related refractive change. The appearance of residual corneal haze after 8 years correlated with the amount of myopic correction. PRK was a safe and stable surgical procedure in this group of patients. [J Refract Surg 2004;20: 110-115]
Laser Subepithelial Keratomileusis for Myopia of -6 to -10 Diopters With Astigmatism With the MEL60 Laser
Authors: Bilgihan Kamil , Hondur Ahmet , Hasanreisoglu Berati 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, and safety of laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) for treatment of high myopia with astigmatism.
METHODS: LASEK was performed in 61 eyes of 36 consecutive patients with myopic spherical equivalent refraction of -6.00 to -10.00 D using the Aesculap-Meditec MEL60 excimer laser. Data were collected prospectively with a follow-up of 6 to 17 months. Main outcome measures recorded were UCVA, BSCVA, residual refractive error, corneal haze, and complications.
RESULTS: Ninety-six percent of eyes achieved 20/40 or better UCVA at 1 month. At 12 months, 64% of eyes achieved 20/20 and 92% achieved 20/40 or better UCVA. Two eyes lost 2 lines of BSCVA at 6 or 12 months. Accuracy of correction was ±0.50 D from emmetropia in 82% of eyes, and ±1.00 D in 90% at 12 months. No eye showed more than grade 1 haze. Grade 1 haze was observed in three eyes at 12 months. One patient had mild postoperative keratitis, which was successfully treated.
CONCLUSIONS: LASEK with the Aesculap-Meditec MEL60 excimer laser appeared to be safe, effective, and highly predictable in treating high myopia. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:121-126]
Diode Laser Thermal Keratoplasty for Hyperopia and Hyperopic Astigmatism in Patients Younger Than 40 Years
Authors: Berret Rudolf , Jean Benedikt , Bende Thomas 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We performed a prospective, nonrandomized investigation of contact continuous wave diode laser thermal keratoplasty (DTK) for correction of hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism. The goal of surgery was not to achieve emmetropia but to investigate the refractive effect in patients younger than 40 years.
METHODS: Twenty eyes with spherical hyperopia (Group A) and 15 eyes with hyperopic astigmatism (Group B) were treated with two rings; treatment zone diameter of the inner ring was 6 or 7 mm. Each ring consisted of eight spots for hyperopia correction; for astigmatism correction four additional pairs of spots were applied around the flat corneal meridian.
RESULTS: Mean change in manifest spherical equivalent refraction 18 months postoperatively in Group A was 2.00 ± 0.90 D (Group B, 15 mo, 1.80 ± 0.60 D). Mean increase in keratometric power was 1.20 ± 0.60 D (1.30 ± 0.60 D). Mean refractive astigmatism reduction was 0.10 D (1.70 D). Mean paired differences per month for regression between spherical equivalent manifest refraction/keratometric power was 0.12/0.04 D (0.06/0.05 D) from 9 to 12 months, 0.01/0.04 D (0.06/0.06 D) from 12 to 15 mo, and -0.03/±0 D from 15 to 18 months. Mean uncorrected visual acuity improved from 20/100 to 20/32 (20/63 to 20/32). No eye lost more than 1 line of BSCVA. The amount of correction showed an age dependency.
CONCLUSION: DTK is a minimally invasive, low-risk procedure, and was effective for correction of low hyperopia and low to moderate hyperopic astigmatism in patients less than 40 years. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:155-161]
Recovery of Corneal Sensitivity to Mechanical and Chemical Stimulation After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Gallar Juana , Acosta M Carmen , Moilanen Jukka A O , Holopainen Juha M , Belmonte Carlos , Tervo Timo M T 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the time course of changes in corneal sensitivity to mechanical and chemical stimuli produced by laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in humans.
METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 17 LASIK-operated eyes (VisX S2, equipped with version 2.50-3.10 software) and 15 control eyes of 17 individuals to evaluate regeneration of corneal sensitivity after LASIK. Gas pulses of variable flow and compositions were applied to the cornea by a non-contact gas esthesiometer. Mechanical stimuli consisted of air puffs at flows from 0 to 200 ml/min. Chemical stimulation was made with gas pulses containing 0% to 80% CO2 in air at subthreshold flow. Mechanical and chemical thresholds and intensity-response curves for the evoked sensations were determined prior to surgery, and 7 to 9 days, 3 to 5 months, and 1.5 to 2.5 years after surgery.
RESULTS: Corneal sensitivity to mechanical stimulation was enhanced 7 to 9 days after surgery but subsequently dropped markedly and remained significantly below control levels 3 to 5 months after LASIK. Sensitivity to both mechanical and chemical types of stimuli was close to normal 2 years postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS: Corneal sensitivity decreased immediately after LASIK but mechanical sensitivity showed a transient hyperesthesia 7 to 9 days afterward. Subsequently, a long-lasting and deep hypoesthesia to mechanical and chemical stimuli was observed. Gas esthesiometry revealed that disturbances of corneal sensation still exist at times when coarse mechanical sensitivity appeared to be normal. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:229-235]
Comparison of the Colvard Pupillometer and the Zywave for Measuring Scotopic Pupil Diameter
Authors: Cheng Arthur C K , Lam Dennis S C 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of two pupillometers.
METHODS: Two pupillometers, the Colvard and Zywave, were used to measure scotopic pupil diameter for 64 consecutive patients. Accuracy and repeatability were assessed by two independent examiners and statistical analysis was performed using the comparison method described by Bland and Altman.
RESULTS: Mean scotopic pupil diameter was 5.96 ± 0.69 mm with the Colvard pupillometer and 5.77 ± 0.85 mm with the Zywave. The difference between the Colvard and Zywave measurements was 0.21 ± 0.56 mm (P<.001). The coefficient of interrater repeatability was smaller for the Colvard (0.59) than for the Zywave (1.17). The mean difference between the pupillometers for each examiner was 0.17 ± 0.47 mm (P<.01) for examiner 1 and 0.26 ± 0.64 mm (P<.01) for examiner 2.
CONCLUSIONS: Scotopic pupil diameter measured with the Zywave was statistically but not clinically significantly smaller than that measured with the Colvard pupillometer. The Zywave produced an inter-rater repeatability comparable to other devices although not as good as the Colvard pupillometer. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:248-252]
Holmium Laser Thermal Keratoplasty for Hyperopia in Eyes Overcorrected With Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Myopia
Authors: Gozum Nilufer , Ayoglu Buket , Gezer Acun , Goker Sinan , Gucukoglu Ahmet 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of holmium laser thermal keratoplasty (Ho:LTK) for hyperopia in eyes overcorrected after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia.
METHODS: We performed a prospective evaluation of Ho:LTK in eyes with secondary hyperopia from +1.00 to +5.50 D after LASIK. Thirty-seven eyes of 23 patients received one concentric 8-spot application at the 6-mm-diameter zone. Mean patient age was 41.3 ± 13.0 years (range 20 to 68 yr). Mean corneal thickness was 455.86 ± 31.20 µm (range 373 to 506 µm).
RESULTS: Mean spherical equivalent refraction changed from +2.30 ± 1.08 D to +0.45 ± 1.00 D at 12 months after Ho:LTK. Thirty-one eyes (84%) were within ±1.00 D of emmetropia and 25 eyes (68%) were within ±0.50 D at 1 year. Mean change in refraction was 1.84 ± 0.92 D. No eye lost 2 lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity.
CONCLUSIONS: Ho:LTK is a suitable alternative for correcting secondary hyperopia resulting from LASIK for myopia. Parameter adjustments may be necessary for improving the results. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:253-257]
Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Residual Hyperopic Astigmatism After Conductive Keratoplasty
Authors: Kymionis George D , Aslanides Ioannis M , Khoury Aghlab N , Markomanolakis Marinos M , Naoumidi Tatiana , Pallikaris Ioannis G 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in a patient with previous conductive keratoplasty.
METHODS: A 48-year-old man underwent conductive keratoplasty for low hyperopic astigmatism (manifest refraction OD: +2.25 -0.50 x 77°; OS: +2.50 -0.50 x 105°). Three months postoperatively, UCVA was 20/25 and BSCVA was 20/20 in both eyes; manifest refraction OD: -0.25 -0.75 v 110°; OS: +0.75 -0.75 x 50°. Sixteen months after the operation, regression of refractive outcome was (manifest) OD: +1.75 *1.25 x 90°; OS: +2.50 -0.50 x 85°; UCVA was 20/40 in the right eye and 20/63 in the left eye and BSCVA was 20/20 in both eyes. LASIK was performed for hyperopic regression in the left eye using an automated microkeratome (Alcon SKBM, 130-µm plate; Aesculap-Meditec MEL 70 excimer laser).
RESULTS: LASIK was uneventful and no intraoperative or postoperative complications related to the previous conductive keratoplasty procedure or LASIK were observed. Three months after LASIK and 19 months after the initial conductive keratoplasty, the patient's left eye was emmetropic; UCVA was 20/20^sup -2^, BSCVA was 20/20 and manifest refraction was +0.25 -0.25 x 35°. There was a uniform increase in topographical steepening. Visual acuity, refraction and topographic findings remained unchanged at 6 months.
CONCLUSIONS: Even though our experience is limited, treatment of hyperopia with LASIK in an eye with refractive regression following previous conductive keratoplasty resulted in a predicted refractive outcome, with no complications, and improvement in visual acuity at 6 months followup. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:276-278]
Wavefront Aberrations Following Laser in situ Keratomileusis and Refractive Lens Exchange for Hypermetropia
Authors: Ma Luxin , Atchison David A , Albietz Julie M , Lenton Lee M , McLennan Suzanne G 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the magnitude of aberrations in eyes after elective hypermetropic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and refractive lens exchange (clear lens replacement).
METHODS: Forty-nine patients (92 eyes) had hypermetropic LASIK and 28 (48 eyes) had refractive lens exchange; 23 hypermetropic subjects (41 eyes) were the control group. LASIK was performed with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser; ablation zones 5.5 to 6.0-mm in diameter with transition zones 7.5 to 8-mm in diameter. For refractive lens exchange, all but four IOLs were made of foldable acrylic. Aberrations and corneal topography were measured with the Nidek OPD-Scan model ARK10000 more than 12 months after surgery. The higher-order root-mean-square (HORMS) wave aberrations for combined third to sixth Zernike aberration orders and the Zernike spherical aberration coefficient C ?? at both 4.2-mm and 6.0-mm pupil sizes were calculated.
RESULTS: For the LASIK group, surgical refractive change correlated significantly with total, corneal, and internal HORMS and spherical aberrations (except with internal spherical aberration for a 4.2-mm diameter pupil). For the refractive lens exchange group, there were no significant correlations of surgical refractive change with any of these factors. Similarly, there were no significant correlations of refraction with any of these factors for the control group. For a 3-diopter change in refraction with 6-mm pupils, LASIK doubled the total HORMS aberrations. LASIK changed the sign of spherical aberration from positive to negative by increasing the negative asphericity of the anterior cornea. Taking age differences between groups into account, refractive lens exchange increased the total HORMS aberrations by 40% compared with that of the control group, but this was not statistically significant. However, refractive lens exchange significantly increased total spherical aberration.
CONCLUSION: Refractive lens exchange was a better refractive procedure than LASIK for minimizing total higher order optical aberrations that accompany hypermetropic refractive surgery. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:307-316]
Rate of Cataract Formation in 343 Highly Myopic Eyes After Implantation of Three Types of Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Menezo José L , Peris-Martínez Cristina , Cisneros-Lanuza Angel L , Martínez-Costa Rafael 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of using phakic intraocular lenses (PIOL) to treat high myopia, and evaluate the incidence of cataract, comparing three different lens types.
METHODS: From 1989 to 2002, we implanted three different phakic intraocular lenses (PIOL) in 343 eyes of 232 patients; 231 eyes recieved an Ophtec (Worst-Fechner model, iris-claw), 89 an Adatomed (silicone posterior chamber), and 23 a Staar (posterior chamber, models V2, V3, V4). Average follow-up was 96.2 months for the Ophtec group, 31.5 months for the Adatomed group, and 19.3 months for Staar group. Eyes that subsequently developed cataract were studied for clinical evolution and had PIOL explantation and cataract extraction.
RESULTS: Nuclear cataract developed in 7 of 231 eyes (3.04 %) with an Ophtec lens. Anterior subcapsular cataract developed with the two types of posterior PIOLs (Adatomed group: 38/89 eyes, 42.69%; Staar group: 3/23 eyes, 13.04%). Anterior subcapsular cataract in the Adatomed group developed more rapidly compared to the Staar group. We explanted 7 lenses in the Ophtec group, 16 lenses in the Adatomed group, and 2 lenses in the Staar group (models V2 and V3 only). Patient age older than 40 years at implantation of PIOLs and axial length greater than 30 mm were factors significantly related to nuclear cataract formation and the Ophtec lens. However, these two factors had a weaker correlation with the posterior phakic lenses (Adatomed, Staar) for high myopia than with the Ophtec lens. Postoperative best spectacle -corrected visual acuity remained stable after explantation, phacoemulsification, and posterior chamber lens implantation.
CONCLUSIONS: Delayed cataract development and cataract type (nuclear) in patients with an Ophtec lens and the variables of patient age (>40 yr) and axial length (>30 mm) may considered prognostic factors. Other factors such as lens design, material, and placement probably influenced cataract formation in patients with the Adatomed and Staar PIOLs. The lens styles used in this study are no longer manufactured. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:317-324]
Monovision Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Pre-presbyopic and Presbyopic Patients
Authors: Miranda Danielle , Krueger Ronald R 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome and success of refractive surgery in pre-presbyopic and presbyopic patients with monovision after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 748 eyes of 374 patients over 35 years of age treated in one or both eyes for a monovision outcome using the Alcon LADARVision 4000 laser. Analysis of age at the time of surgery, gender, bilateral versus unilateral treatment, targeted outcome, and patient acceptance are reported.
RESULTS: The success rate of monovision patients in this study was 92.5%. Acceptance rate was higher in older patients, although there was no significantly greater acceptance of monovision for any of the variables studied (P values >.26).
CONCLUSIONS: Monovision is a valuable option for pre-presbyopic and presbyopic patients considering refractive surgery. [J Refract Surg 2004;20: 325-328]
E-Books Preference Compared to Print Books Based on Student Perceptions: A Case of University of Fort Hare Students
Authors: Makwanya Comfort , Oni Olabanji 
Published: December 2019

<p class="0abstract">Technology advent has been transforming students’ perceptions and preferences mostly on how they acquire information and learn. The way students perceive e-books and print books significantly influences the format they prefer to use for academic purposes. Recently, the accessibility of e-books on assorted mobile gadgets is substituting the conventional print based resources which are regarded costly in production, sharing and also heavy. Differing views on the format (e-book or print) that students prefer for academic purposes to improve their educational experience exist of which most studies have been done in developed countries. Therefore, a research that reveals students’ perceptions and preferences towards the two book formats in the nation of South Africa can afford a better understanding and conclusion on an African student. This study aimed to determine students’ preference on using e-books and print books in meeting academic information needs based on perceptions. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design and a questionnaire as a research instrument which was administered to students at the University of Fort Hare. Findings revealed that students preferred using both (e-books and print books) for their academic needs. Moreover, they perceived e-books to be as good as print books, easy and friendly to use and capable of providing sufficient information to meet educational needs.</p><p class="0keywords"> </p>
New Efficient Caching Strategy based on Clustering in Named Data Networking
Authors: Fethellah Nour El Houda , Bouziane Hafida , Chouarfia Abdallah 
Published: December 2019

<p>The Named Data Networking NDN is one of the most proposed architecture for the new model of Internet communications based on contents distribution, called Information-Centric Network ICN. It is widely accepted by the research community since it has become dominant in ICN design that resolves TCP-IP based Internet problems such as bandwidth, delay, location dependent and congestion. Based on location host IP addresses, TCP-IP designed for Peer-to-Peer communication P2P. NDN architecture is oriented Content Centric Networking CCN, where the data is stored on routers and distributed to users from the nearest router. Cache capacities of routers are limited compared to forwarded contents. To move from TCP-IP model to CCN model, many papers propose several new contents distribution based architecture ICN. In this paper, we propose a novel strategy to optimize the use of network resources inspired from Network clustering and cluster head selection in MANETs. Specifically, the improved K-medoids cluster algorithm is used to divide the global network in clusters, where for each cluster; three routers are selected as content routers. The first is the main caching router as well as the second and the third are the secondary caching router. The caching router selection process relies on three relevant criteria consisting of the distance between a node and its cluster centroid, the number of neighbors, and the congestion level. Two Multi Attribute Decision–Making methods MADM are applied, namely TOPSIS and AHP. Performance analysis of our proposed strategy with the established criteria showed � its effectiveness and strong potential.<em></em></p>
Heterogeneity in IoT-based Smart Cities Designs
Authors: Haj Qasem Mais , AlMobaideen Wesam 
Published: December 2019

<span class="fontstyle01"><span>Smart city is a strategy of supporting new way of living using data that are collected from different types of electronic devices, analyzed and utilized to enable efficient resource usability and service optimization. Applications of various nature are elaborated in the smart cities, such as traffic planning applications, crowd monitoring, public health care, security, economy and urban planning. Thus, various requirements are needed to incorporate and facilitate efficient development of these applications in the smart city design. Accordingly, smart city can be distinguished via the requirements that support these applications. In this study, the requirements of smart city in relations to the involved applications and its influence on the smart city design are discussed. A list of smart city requirements is concluded and the potentials of various network architecture to facilitate such requirements are discussed. </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>Based on the requirements and the architectures, the existing smart city designs are evaluated and compared. </span></span>