bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O fim mutualístico desinteressado ou altruísta das cooperativas de solidariedade social
Authors: Meira Deolinda 
Published: July 2020

Las cooperativas de solidaridad social persiguen, principal o exclusivamente, un fin mutualista desinteresado o altruista, que el legislador denomina "fines de solidaridad social". El objetivo de estas cooperativas es lograr una clara misión de asistencia en situaciones de vulnerabilidad social y económica, dando expresión a los valores de altruismo y solidaridad. Esto justifica que su régimen jurídico tenga ciertas peculiaridades, tanto en lo que se refiere a las categorías de miembros, la estructura organizativa y el régimen económico. Estas cooperativas se caracterizan por la heterogeneidad de sus miembros, lo que exige la definición de normas que permitan una gestión verdaderamente participativa y democrática, y en este sentido se requieren cambios en el régimen jurídico vigente. El régimen económico es plenamente apropiado para este fin mutualista desinteresado, lo que justifica la prohibición de lo retorno de los excedentes y hace más intenso el principio de la devolución desinteresada.
Derechos de sindicación y libertad sindical en las Cooperativas de Trabajo Asociado. Comentario a la Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo (Sala de lo Social), de 8 de mayo de 2019. Roj: 1944/2019
Authors: García Jiménez Manuel 
Published: July 2020

El Tribunal Supremo, en su Sala de lo Social, declara que “los socios trabajadores de las cooperativas de trabajo asociado tienen derecho a afiliarse al sindicato de su elección y el sindicato tiene derecho al ejercicio de la acción sindical en defensa de los derechos e intereses de sus afiliados en este tipo de cooperativas”. Dicho pronunciamiento, rompe con la tradicional negación de los derechos colectivos laborales de los socios en las cooperativas de trabajo y supone un reto organizativo para su armonización con los causes democráticos propios de la identidad cooperativa, pero, al mismo tiempo, abre una vía para cuando, a través de dichos cauces, el ejercicio de derechos laborales básicos se ve limitado. Todo un reto, en especial para las grandes cooperativas.
Práctica concertada de boicot a terceros de los socios cooperativistas y responsabilidad de la cooperativa. Sentencia de la Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo del Tribunal Supremo núm. 1497/2018
Authors: Guillem Carrau Javier 
Published: July 2020

Este comentario de jurisprudencia aborda una cuestión de gran interés en el ámbito de derecho cooperativo que consiste en la aplicación del derecho de la competencia a las cooperativas por actuaciones de sus socios; esto es, el levantamiento del velo en la imputación por conductas anticompetitivas en un caso de boicot es la pieza clave de este litigio.
Fundamentos del derecho de la discapacidad, de Rafael de Lorenzo y Luis Cayo Pérez Bueno (dirs.) (Aranzadi, Madrid, 2020)
Authors: Cabra de Luna Miguel Ángel 
Published: July 2020

El libro constituye un estudio detallado y exhaustivo del tratamiento jurídico de la discapacidad en nuestro país. La Fundación Derecho y Discapacidad ha conseguido consolidarse como un instrumento esencial en el reconocimiento y la protección de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad y sus familias. Su actividad ha estado siempre orientada hacia el único enfoque posible cuando se habla de personas con discapacidad, que no es otro que el de los derechos humanos. Hablar de discapacidad, en el contexto de la Fundación, equivale a la búsqueda del pleno reconocimiento a estas personas de tales derechos en igualdad de condiciones que a las demás. En este contexto, el Presidente de la Fundación, Luis Cayo Pérez Bueno y el Secretario General, Rafael de Lorenzo García, dirigen esta publicación.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by severe pneumonia: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Peng , Chen Yan , Li Shuyun , Li Chaoliang , Zhang Shuang , Zheng Weihao , Chen Yantang , Ma Jie , Zhang Xin , Huang Yanming , Liu Shengming 
Published: July 2020

Background
Metagenome next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a valuable diagnostic tool that can be used for the identification of early pathogens of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe pneumonia. Little is known about the use of this technology in clinical application and the evaluation of the prognostic value of ARDS.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with ARDS caused by severe pneumonia. Samples were collected from patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Jiangmen Central Hospital from January 2018 to August 2019. The no-next generation sequencing (NGS) group was composed of patients given conventional microbiological tests to examine sputum, blood, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The NGS group was composed of patients tested using mNGS and conventional microbiological tests. We evaluated the etiological diagnostic effect and clinical prognostic value of mNGS in patients with ARDS caused by severe pneumonia.

Results
The overall positive rate (91.1%) detected by the mNGS method was significantly higher than that of the culture method (62.2%, P = 0.001), and antibody plus polymerase chain reaction (28.9%, P < 0.001). Following adjustment of the treatment plan based on microbial testing results, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II (APACHE II) score of the NGS group was lower than that of the no-NGS group 7 days after treatment (P < 0.05). The 28-day mortality rate of the NGS group was significantly lower than that of the no-NGS group (P < 0.05). Longer ICU stay, higher APACHE II score and sequential organ failure assessment score were risk factors for the death of ARDS, and adjusting the medication regimen based on mNGS results was a protective factor. The detection of mNGS can significantly shorten the ICU stay of immunosuppressed patients (P < 0.01), shorten the ventilation time (P < 0.01), and reduce the ICU hospitalization cost (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Metagenome next-generation sequencing is a valuable tool to determine the etiological value of ARDS caused by severe pneumonia to improve diagnostic accuracy and prognosis for this disease. For immunosuppressed patients, mNGS technology can be used in the early stage to provide more diagnostic evidence and guide medications.
Moisture and Aflatoxin Contents of Kenyan Market Peanuts and Decontamination with Water, Lime and Ultraviolet Radiation Treatments
Authors: Wanjiru Joyce W. , Imungi Jasper K. , Njue Lucy G. 
Published: July 2020

In the recent past, aflatoxin in peanuts and products has been a subject of controversy in Kenya. In the early 2019, some brands of locally manufactured peanut butter were withdrawn from the market shelves on account of containing aflatoxin higher than the national tolerance. It has been established that Kenyan market peanuts contain high levels of aflatoxin. Roasting is reported to have little effect on the aflatoxin content. This study was designed to assess the effect of specific treatments prior to roasting in reducing the aflatoxin levels to below the tolerance. This would then ensure compliance of the toxin levels in the roasted peanuts and the products with the national tolerance. The treatments included soaking in water, in lime, and UV irradiation. The peanut samples were collected from 20 vendors in the Main Cereal Market in Nairobi and brought to the laboratory of the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS). They were analysed for moisture and aflatoxin content. Each sample was subjected to the treatment and reduction was evaluated in aflatoxin to the tolerance. The moisture content of the peanuts varied from 5.2 – 8.4% with mean of 6.5%. Moisture almost complied with the optimum for storage of 8.0%. The total aflatoxin contents varied from 3.3 – 38.5 ppb with mean of 14.8 ppb. Up to 45% samples had aflatoxin above tolerance of 10 ppb.
There was positive and significant (p < 0.01) correlation between aflatoxin levels and moisture content. Treatment of the peanuts with water (cold & warm) and warm lime and irradiation with UV all managed to reduce the aflatoxin contents to below the tolerance, in the order lime>warm water>cold water>UV irradiation. The study concluded that the moisture content of the market peanuts in Kenya, almost complies with recommended optimum for storage the tolerance, but the mean aflatoxin content was well above the tolerance. However, the aflatoxin levels can be lowered effectively by soaking in water, lime, and by irradiation with UV.
Prevalence of Human Intestinal Helminthic Infections among School-Age Children in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ukam Usang Anok , Enogiomwan Imalele Edema , Offiong Effanga Emmanuel , Chinyere Osondu-Anyanwu 
Published: July 2020

Aims: The study aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors for intestinal helminth infection among school-age children in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study was conducted in two Local Government Areas (Calabar South and Calabar Municipality) in Calabar.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Calabar, from May to October, 2018.
Methodology: Faecal samples were collected from pupils in sterile dry specimen bottles with the use of applicator sticks and analyzed using sedimentation and floatation techniques. Data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.
Results: Overall prevalence of intestinal helminth was 18.5%. Parasites recovered were Ascaris lumbricoides (9.3%), Trichuris trichiura (4.0%), Hookworm (2.6%), Taenia solium (0.9), Enterobius vermicularis (0.9), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.4%) and Schistosoma mansoni (0.4%) (P = 0000). Males (22.1%) were more infected than females (14.0%) in the study area (P = 0.031). Prevalence of intestinal helminths was lowest in age group 11-15 years (14.4%) and highest in age group 6-10 years (23.5%) (P = 0.005). After multivariate analysis, source of water [OR=3.355, 95% CI 1.448 – 7.770], type of sewage system [OR=7.547, 95% CI 5.011 – 8.358], hand washing before meal [OR=4.069, 95% CI 1.719 – 9.631] and hand washing after defecation [OR=2.281, 95% CI 1.059 – 4.917] were statistically associated with the detected intestinal helminthic infections in faecal samples (p = .05).
Conclusion: The presence of these intestinal parasites in these schools is a public health problem and there is therefore a need to prevent these infections by improving individual personal hygiene through health education, general sanitation and provision of adequate social amenities.
Seasonal Variation in the Haematological Parameters of the Adult Mallard Duck in a Tropical Environment
Authors: Olawuwo O. S. , Azeez O. I. , Oyewale J. O. 
Published: July 2020

Duck production is a growing poultry enterprise in Nigeria and they are mostly reared in extensive management system. However, the haematological profiles as influenced by the tropical environment have not been well documented. The objective of the present study was to examine the seasonal variation in the haematological parameters of the adult Mallard duck in the tropical environment of Nigeria; as they effects duck production adversely. The Erythrocyte, leucocyte and platelet counts, as well as the erythrocyte osmotic fragility of the domestic duck of the mallard breed during the wet and dry seasons in the hot humid tropical environment of the Experimental Animal Unit of the Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria was investigated.
The study showed that the values of the packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and platelet were significantly higher in the dry season than in the wet season, but the red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total and differential leucocyte values were similar in the two seasons. The erythrocyte fragility was also higher in the dry season.
In conclusion the higher PCV, MCH and platelet values in the dry season might have resulted from haemoconcentration occasioned by higher evaporative heat loss, which is a common occurrence in the dry season. The higher erythrocyte fragility could have been the result of stress induced by the high ambient temperature during the dry season, or higher metabolic rate associated with lactic acid accumulation, which has been shown to increase erythrocyte osmotic fragility.
A chegada portuguesa à Costa Ocidental Africana e a imagem dos negros segundo a crônica de Gomes Eanes de Zurara (1453)
Authors: Eugenio Alisson , Marcelino Mara Lúcia De Cabral 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract">O objetivo deste artigo é compreender as narrativas como uma forma de ação política, ou seja, como elas foram utilizadas como instrumento de poder; nesse caso, o poder de construir uma imagem sobre o outro e, a partir dessa construção, justificar a dominação sobre ele. Assim, analisa-se como Gomes Eanes de Zurara, autor da <em>Crônica da Guiné</em>, narrou o processo inicial da chegada portuguesa à costa ocidental africana e construiu uma imagem detratora dos seus habitantes, a fim de obter do papado autorização para explorar a região.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Zurara - <em>Crônica da Guiné</em> - África e negros.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p class="abstract"><em>The purpose of this article is to understand narratives as a form of political action, that is, how they were used as an instrument of power; In this case the power to build one image on the other and, from this construction, justify domination over it. Thus, it will be analyzed how Gomes Eanes de Zurara, author of the </em>Chronicle of Guinea<em>, narrated the initial process of the Portuguese arrival of the West African coast and built a detractive image of its inhabitants, in order to obtain from the papacy to explore the region.</em></p><p class="abstract"><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong>: <em>Zurara - </em>Chronicle of Guinea<em> - Africa and blacks.</em></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
A Pharmacokinetics‐Informed Approach to Navigating Hydroxychloroquine Shortages in Patients With Rheumatic Disease During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Scheetz Marc H. , Konig Maximilian F. , Robinson Philip C. , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Kim Alfred H.J. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe recent hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) shortage due to use in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has forced some rheumatic disease patients to choose between continuing their current dose of HCQ but exhaust their supply early or ration it in order to prolong its use. Blood HCQ concentrations are directly correlated with disease activity in rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. We sought to model how changes in HCQ dosage will best maintain sufficient blood HCQ concentrations for the longest period of time in order to avoid potential future flares.MethodsA one‐compartment pharmacokinetic model was used to predict mean blood HCQ concentrations. Monte Carlo simulations with 10‐fold inflated model parameter variance was utilized to assess the impact of variability.ResultsMaintenance of 400 mg/d resulted in mean therapeutic whole‐blood HCQ concentrations that exceeded 700 ng/ml for 10.5 days, whereas HCQ rationing by reducing the dose by half resulted in the mean concentration remaining above 700 ng/ml for 2.4 days (net gain = 8 days). Variability analysis demonstrates that results may differ at the individual level, dependent on baseline blood HCQ concentrations.ConclusionAlthough mean blood concentrations exceed 700 ng/ml for a longer time if patients maintain their full dose of HCQ, more information is needed to fully understand the elimination of HCQ at the patient level, particularly the contribution of tissue stores of HCQ transiting back into the blood.
Electrochemical Intercalation in Atomically Thin van der Waals Materials for Structural Phase Transition and Device Applications
Authors: Li Yang , Yan Hang , Xu Bo , Zhen Liang , Xu Cheng‐Yan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn van der Waals (vdWs) materials and heterostructures, the interlayers are bonded by weak vdWs interactions due to the lack of dangling bonds. The vdWs gap at the homo‐ or heterointerface provides great freedom to enrich the tunability of electronic structures by external intercalation of foreign ions or atoms at the interface, leading to the discovery of new physics and functionalities. Herein, the recent progress on electrochemical intercalation of foreign species into atomically thin vdWs materials for structural phase transition and device applications is reviewed and future opportunities are discussed. First, several kinds of electrochemical intercalation platforms to achieve the intercalation in vdWs materials and heterostructures are introduced. Next, the in situ characterization of electrochemical intercalation dynamics by state‐of‐the‐art techniques is summarized, including optical techniques, scanning probe techniques, and electrical transport. Moreover, particular attention is paid on the experimentally reported phase transition and multifunctional applications of intercalated devices. Finally, future applications and challenges of intercalation in vdWs materials and heterostructures are proposed, including the intrinsic intercalation mechanism of solid ion conductors, exact identification of intercalated foreign species by near‐field optical techniques, and the tunability of intercalation kinetics for ultrafast switching.
Structure–Transport Correlation Reveals Anisotropic Charge Transport in Coupled PbS Nanocrystal Superlattices
Authors: Maier Andre , Lapkin Dmitry , Mukharamova Nastasia , Frech Philipp , Assalauova Dameli , Ignatenko Alexandr , Khubbutdinov Ruslan , Lazarev Sergey , Sprung Michael , Laible Florian , Löffler Ronny , Previdi Nicolas , Bräuer Annika , Günkel Thomas , Fleischer Monika , Schreiber Frank , Vartanyants Ivan A. , Scheele Marcus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe assembly of colloidal semiconductive nanocrystals into highly ordered superlattices predicts novel structure‐related properties by design. However, those structure–property relationships, such as charge transport depending on the structure or even directions of the superlattice, have remained unrevealed so far. Here, electric transport measurements and X‐ray nanodiffraction are performed on self‐assembled lead sulfide nanocrystal superlattices to investigate direction‐dependent charge carrier transport in microscopic domains of these materials. By angular X‐ray cross‐correlation analysis, the structure and orientation of individual superlattices is determined, which are directly correlated with the electronic properties of the same microdomains. By that, strong evidence for the effect of superlattice crystallinity on the electric conductivity is found. Further, anisotropic charge transport in highly ordered monocrystalline domains is revealed, which is attributed to the dominant effect of shortest interparticle distance. This implies that transport anisotropy should be a general feature of weakly coupled nanocrystal superlattices.
Diode‐Like Selective Enhancement of Carrier Transport through Metal–Semiconductor Interface Decorated by Monolayer Boron Nitride
Authors: Jaiswal Hemendra Nath , Liu Maomao , Shahi Simran , Wei Sichen , Lee Jihea , Chakravarty Anindita , Guo Yutong , Wang Ruiqiang , Lee Jung Mu , Chang Chaoran , Fu Yu , Dixit Ripudaman , Liu Xiaochi , Yang Cheng , Yao Fei , Li Huamin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract2D semiconductors such as monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) are promising material candidates for next‐generation nanoelectronics. However, there are fundamental challenges related to their metal–semiconductor (MS) contacts, which limit the performance potential for practical device applications. In this work, 2D monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is exploited as an ultrathin decorating layer to form a metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) contact, and an innovative device architecture is designed as a platform to reveal a novel diode‐like selective enhancement of the carrier transport through the MIS contact. The contact resistance is significantly reduced when the electrons are transported from the semiconductor to the metal, but is barely affected when the electrons are transported oppositely. A concept of carrier collection barrier is proposed to interpret this intriguing phenomenon as well as a negative Schottky barrier height obtained from temperature‐dependent measurements, and the critical role of the collection barrier at the drain end is shown for the overall transistor performance.
In Situ Plasma‐Grown Silicon‐Oxide for Polysilicon Passivating Contacts
Authors: Alzahrani Areej , Allen Thomas G. , De Bastiani Michele , Van Kerschaver Emmanuel , Harrison George T. , Liu Wenzhu , De Wolf Stefaan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale manufacturing of polysilicon‐based passivating contacts for high‐efficiency crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells demands simple fabrication of thermally stable SiOx films with well controlled microstructure and nanoscale thickness to enable quantum‐mechanical tunneling. Here, plasma‐dissociated CO2 is investigated to grow in situ thin (<2 nm) SiOx films on c‐Si wafers as tunnel‐oxides for plasma‐deposited, hole‐collecting (i.e., p‐type) polysilicon contacts. It is found that such plasma processing offers excellent thickness control and superior structural integrity upon thermal annealing at 1000 °C, compared to state‐of‐the‐art wet‐chemical oxides. As a result, p‐type polysilicon contacts are achieved on n‐type c‐Si wafers that combine excellent surface passivation, resulting in an implied open‐circuit voltage exceeding 700 mV, with a contact resistance as low as 0.02 Ω cm2.
Fabrication and Functionalization of 3D Printed Polydimethylsiloxane‐Based Microfluidic Devices Obtained through Digital Light Processing
Authors: Gonzalez Gustavo , Chiappone Annalisa , Dietliker Kurt , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Roppolo Ignazio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work reports the preparation and 3D printing of a custom‐made photopolymer based on acrylate‐polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), for the fabrication of complex‐shaped 3D printed microfluidic chips. By selecting and combining the proper materials during the preparation of the resins along with the freedom of design of light‐based 3D printers, 3D microfluidic PDMS‐like chips are obtained with excellent optical features, high chemical stability, and good mechanical properties. Furthermore, taking advantage of unreacted functional groups exposed on the sample's surface after the 3D printing step, the surface properties of the devices are easily and selectively modified during the postcuring step through UV‐induced grafting polymerization techniques, giving an added value to the printed devices in terms of surface treatment compared to conventional methods. The 3D printing of the PDMS‐based resins developed here may potentially transforms the fabrication methodology of PDMS microfluidic devices by decreasing manufacturing costs and time, allowing the production of complex‐shaped and truly 3D microdevices.