bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of supermacroporous cryogels with improved mechanical strength for efficient purification of lysozyme from chicken egg white
Authors: Sun Lifen , Feng Xiyun , Zhong Tianyi , Zhang Xufeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel, facile, and robust strategy was proposed to increase the pore size and mechanical strength of cryogels. By mixing the monomers of acrylamide and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate as the precursor, a monolithic copolymer cryogel with large interconnected pores and thick pore walls was prepared. Hydrogen bonding between the two monomers contributed to the entanglement and aggregation of the copolymers, thickening the pore walls and resulting in larger pore sizes. Analysis via mercury porosimetry demonstrated that the interconnected pore diameter of the copolymer cryogel ranged from 10‐350 µm, which was far larger than that of the cryogels from one monomer (10‐50 µm). Additionally, the thicker pore walls of the copolymer cryogel improved its mechanical strength. Affinity cryogels were prepared through covalent immobilization using Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane as a coupling agent, and the affinity binding of lysozymes on Tris‐cryogel was evaluated by the Langmuir isothermal adsorption with the maximum adsorption capacity of 360 mg/g. Compared with that of the Tris‐cryogels produced from one monomer, the copolymer Tris‐cryogel exhibited higher adsorption capacity and lysozyme purity, when the chicken egg white solution flowed solely driven by gravity. This work provides a new avenue for designing and developing supermacroporous cryogels for bioseparation.
Generation and Characterization of a Soybean Line with a Vernonia galamensis Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase‐1 Gene and a myo‐Inositol 1‐Phosphate Synthase Knockout Mutation
Authors: AL‐Amery Maythem , Fowler Ashley , Unrine Jason M. , Armstrong Paul , Maghirang Elizabeth , Su Kai , de Melo Julia , Yuan Feng‐Jie , Shu Qing‐Yao , Hildebrand David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max) meal is an important protein source. Soybean meal with lower phytate and oligosaccharides improves meal quality. A single recessive mutation in soybean myo‐inositol 1‐phosphate synthase (Gm‐lpa‐TW75‐1) confers a seed phenotype with low phytate and increased inorganic phosphate. The mutant was crossed with high oil lines expressing a diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT) gene from Vernonia galamensis (VgD). Gm‐lpa‐TW75‐1 X VgD, designated GV, has 21%, and 22% oil and 41% and 43% protein from field and greenhouse seed production, respectively. No significant differences were found in mineral concentrations except for Fe which was 229 μg/g dry mass for GV followed by 174.3 for VgD and 162 for Gm‐lpa‐TW75‐1. Phosphate (Pi) is higher in Gm‐lpa‐TW75‐1 as expected at 5 mg/g, followed by GV at 1.6 mg/g whereas Jack, VgD, and Taiwan75 have about 0.3 mg/g. The Gm‐lpa‐TW75‐1 line has the lowest phytate concentration at 1.4 mg/g followed by GV with 1.8 mg/g compared to Taiwan75, VgD, and Jack with 2.5 mg/g. This work describes a high oil and protein soybean line, GV, with increased Pi and lower phytate which will increase the nutritional value for human and animal feed.
Precision Measurements of Temperature‐Dependent and Nonequilibrium Thermal Emitters
Authors: Xiao Yuzhe , Wan Chenghao , Shahsafi Alireza , Salman Jad , Yu Zhaoning , Wambold Raymond , Mei Hongyan , Perez Bryan E. Rubio , Derdeyn William , Yao Chunhui , Kats Mikhail A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThermal emission is the radiation of electromagnetic waves from hot objects. The promise of thermal‐emission engineering for applications in energy harvesting, radiative cooling, and thermal camouflage has recently led to renewed research interest in this topic. However, accurate and precise measurements of thermal emission in a laboratory setting can be challenging in part due to the presence of background emission from the surrounding environment and the measurement instrument itself. This problem is especially acute for thermal emitters that have unconventional temperature dependence, operate at low temperatures, or are out of equilibrium. In this paper, general procedures are described, recommended, and demonstrated for thermal‐emission measurements that can accommodate such unconventional thermal emitters.
A classification of surfaces with isotropic Para‐Blaschke tensor
Authors: Li Fengjiang , Fang Jianbo , Li Jianxiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLet be an umbilic‐free surface. Four basic invariants of M2 under the Möbius transformation group of are the Möbius metric g, the Blaschke tensor A, the Möbius second fundamental form B and the Möbius form Φ. A symmetric (0,2) tensor called Para‐Blaschke tensor, where μ is constant, is also Möbius invariant. In this paper, we classify the surfaces with isotropic Para‐Blaschke tensor (, where λ is a function).
Neuropathological Findings in Ephedrone Encephalopathy
Authors: Sanotsky Yanosh , Selikhova Marianna , Fedoryshyn Ludmyla , Kuzyk Petro , Matviyenko Yuriy , Semeryak Orest , Dziewulska Dorota , Holton Janice L. , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundA number of cases of severe parkinsonism‐dystonia have been recognized and reported following the illicit use of ephedrone prepared from pseudoephedrine and potassium permanganate. The pathology associated with ephedrone neurotoxicity has not been described yet in the scientific literature.ObjectivesTo report the first neuropathological study of ephedrone toxicity.MethodsThe brain of a 33‐year‐old Ukrainian female ex‐ephedrone addict with a long history ofl‐dopa‐unresponsive parkinsonism with dysarthria, dystonia, profound postural instability, cock‐gait, and frequent falls, and on antiretroviral treatment, was examined using routine stains and immunohistochemistry.ResultsNeuropathological findings included diffuse pallidal astrogliosis without neuronal depletion. There was also widespread vascular pathology with small vessels occluded by foreign material, associated with giant cell response without any evidence of consequent focal infarction and a cerebellar abscess.ConclusionsClinical findings ofl‐dopa‐unresponsive parkinsonism with dystonia, caused by illicit use of ephedrone, are fully consistent with neuropathological changes in the pallidum, lack of change in the SN, and preserved tyrosine hydroxylase activity. The findings in the basal ganglia are compatible with manganese toxicity. The vascular pathology is likely a joint effect of infection and the ephedrone toxicity on the vessels. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Efficiency of noninvasive prenatal testing for the detection of fetal microdeletions and microduplications in autosomal chromosomes
Authors: Pei Yuanyuan , Hu Liang , Liu Jinxing , Wen Lijuan , Luo Xiaojin , Lu Jian , Wei Fengxiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is commonly used to screen for fetal genetic abnormalities. However, the ability of NIPT to detect copy number variations (CNVs) has not been reported. Accordingly, in this study, we analyzed the efficiency of NIPT for the detection of fetal autosomal CNVs.MethodsPatients who were positive for autosomal CNVs by NIPT and underwent diagnostic studies by karyotype analysis and chromosomal microarray (CMA) were evaluated. Samples were divided into groups according to age, in vitro fertilization, fetal‐free DNA concentration, uniquely mapped reads number, CNV size, and CNV type.ResultsChromosomal microarray showed that the positive predictive value (PPV) of autosomal CNVs detected by NIPT was 14.89%. Increasing fetal DNA concentrations and uniquely mapped read numbers did not affect the PPV of CNVs detected by NIPT. There were no differences between microduplication and microdeletion PPVs detected by NIPT. The PPV of CNVs less than 10 Mb was significantly higher than that of CNVs greater than 10 Mb detected by NIPT.ConclusionThe accuracy of NIPT for autosomal CNVs needs to be improved.
Genetic alteration of colorectal adenoma‐carcinoma sequence among gastric adenocarcinoma and dysplastic lesions in a patient with attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Tanabe Hiroki , Moriichi Kentaro , Takahashi Keitaro , Ono Yusuke , Kobayashi Yu , Murakami Yuki , Iwama Takuya , Kunogi Takehito , Sasaki Takahiro , Ando Katsuyoshi , Ueno Nobuhiro , Kashima Shin , Takei Hidehiro , Mizukami Yusuke , Fujiya Mikihiro , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFamilial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is characterized by colorectal polyposis and adenocarcinoma that is frequently accompanied by extracolonic neoplasm. The risk of gastric carcinoma is increasing in Western FAP patients as well as Asian patients.MethodsWe report the case of an FAP patient with fundic gland polyposis who developed gastric adenocarcinoma and metachronous pyloric gland adenomas. These tumors were endoscopically resected, and immunohistochemistry with gastric mucin (i.e., MUC6, MUC5AC) showed that the tumors belonged to the gastric subtype. Somatic mutation profiles were determined by target amplicon sequencing using a next‐generation sequencer.ResultsGermline APC variant c.5782delC was found by direct sequencing and somatic KRAS mutations in these tumors were identified by next‐generation sequencing. Different KRAS mutation alleles (KRAS p.Gly12Ala, p.Gly12Arg, and p.Gly12Asp) indicated these dysplastic lesions developed from a distinct origin in fundic gland polyposis. Sequential mutations of the APC and KRAS were judged—based on a database search—to be characteristic of the adenoma‐carcinoma sequence in colorectal carcinogenesis.ConclusionThe colonic adenoma‐carcinoma sequence among gastric adenocarcinoma and dysplastic lesions was indicated in FAP‐associated gastric carcinogenesis.
DMD‐related muscular dystrophy in Cameroon: Clinical and genetic profiles
Authors: Wonkam‐Tingang Edmond , Nguefack Séraphin , Esterhuizen Alina I. , Chelo David , Wonkam Ambroise 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost of the previous studies on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) were conducted in Caucasian, Asian, and Arab populations. Therefore, little is known about the features of this disease in Africans. In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of DMD, and the common mutations associated with this condition in a group of Cameroonian patients.MethodsWe recruited DMD patients and performed a general physical examination on each of them. Multiplex ligand‐dependant probe amplification was carried out to investigate exon deletions and duplications in the DMD gene (OMIM: 300377) of patients and their mothers.ResultsA total of 17 male patients from 14 families were recruited, aged 14 ± 5.1 (8–23) years. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 4.6 ± 1.5 years, and the mean age at diagnosis was 12.1 ± 5.2 years. Proximal muscle weakness was noted in all patients and calf hypertrophy in the large majority of them (88.2%; 15/17). Flexion contractures were particularly frequent on the ankle (85.7%; 12/14). Wasting of shoulder girdle and thigh muscles was present in 50% (6/12) and 46.2% (6/13) of patients, respectively. No patient presented with hearing impairment. Deletions in DMD gene (OMIM: 300377) occurred in 45.5% of patients (5/11), while duplications were observed in 27.3% (3/11). Both mutation types were clustered between exons 45 and 50, and the proportion of de novo mutation was estimated at 18.2% (2/11).ConclusionDespite the first symptoms of DMD occurring in infancy, the diagnosis is frequently made later in adolescence, indicating an underestimation of the number of cases of DMD in Cameroon. Future screening of deletions and duplications in patients from Cameroon should focus on the distal part of the gene.
Design, fabrication, and measurement of textile‐based frequency selective surfaces
Authors: Can Sultan , Karakaya Emrullah Uzay , Yılmaz Asım Egemen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, textile based frequency selective surfaced designed, fabricated, and measured having both conformal dielectric and conductor layers. Designs are aimed to stop the band of interest for four different frequency bands, where electromagnetic pollution commonly occurs. The proposed designs are also fabricated and measured in an electromagnetically isolated environment. Each design has been simulated via CST Microwave Studio. The proposed designs named as S1, S2, S3, and S4 having S21 resonances at, 4.965 GHz 4.5 GHz, 4.6 GHz, and 3.78 GHz, respectively. For the forenamed samples, the bandwidth values are, 2.27 GHz, 0.25 GHz, 0.13 GHz, and 0.72 GHz. The experimental results have been compared with the simulation results and satisfactory agreement obtained.
Temperature‐mediated excitation of defect modes in a periodic structure at terahertz frequencies
Authors: De Simone Roberta , Chiadini Francesco , Scaglione Antonio , Fiumara Vincenzo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe dependence on temperature of a defect mode of a periodic dielectric multilayer is studied in the terahertz range by using the characteristic matrix method. The structure analyzed is composed of alternating layers of silica and polymethylpentene. The material of the defect is the indium antimonide (InSb), which has a permittivity that is temperature dependent causing a blueshift of the defect mode as the temperature rises. Although at terahertz frequencies, the InSb is a dissipative material, choosing appropriately the thickness of the defect results in a defect mode with a transmittance that, throughout the range explored, always remains above 0.9 with a maximum of 0.9914.
240 GHz meta‐surface band pass filter and lens integration in 6G telecommunication systems
Authors: Myllymäki Sami , Kokkonen Mikko 
Published: June 2020

Abstract240 GHz operated meta‐surface band pass filter consisting of split‐ring resonator (SRR) matrix was simulated and measured as single and second order modes. The filter was integrated with hemispherical and Luneburg type of antenna lenses. The SRR meta‐material filter was recommended component for 6G telecommunication applications characterizing measured values of 80 GHz bandwidth, low insertion loss (−0.75 dB) and good attenuation (−8 dB) characteristics close to the band pass region, and the filters can be cascaded to enhance its filtering characteristics.
3D whole‐heart isotropic‐resolution motion‐compensated joint T1/T2 mapping and water/fat imaging
Authors: Milotta Giorgia , Bustin Aurelien , Jaubert Olivier , Neji Radhouene , Prieto Claudia , Botnar René M. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeTo develop a free‐breathing isotropic‐resolution whole‐heart joint T1 and T2 mapping sequence with Dixon‐encoding that provides coregistered 3D T1 and T2 maps and complementary 3D anatomical water and fat images in a single ~9 min scan.MethodsFour interleaved dual‐echo Dixon gradient echo volumes are acquired with a variable density Cartesian trajectory and different preparation pulses: 1) inversion recovery‐preparation, 2) and 3) no preparations, and 4) T2 preparation. Image navigators are acquired to correct each echo for 2D translational respiratory motion; the 8 echoes are jointly reconstructed with a low‐rank patch‐based reconstruction. A water/fat separation algorithm is used to obtain water and fat images for each acquired volume. T1 and T2 maps are generated by matching the signal evolution of the water images to a simulated dictionary. Complementary bright‐blood and fat volumes for anatomical visualization are obtained from the T2‐prepared dataset. The proposed sequence was tested in phantom experiments and 10 healthy subjects and compared to standard 2D MOLLI T1 mapping, 2D balance steady‐state free precession T2 mapping, and 3D T2‐prepared Dixon coronary MR angiography.ResultsHigh linear correlation was found between T1 and T2 quantification with the proposed approach and phantom spin echo measurements (y = 1.1 × −11.68, R2 = 0.98; and y = 0.85 × +5.7, R2 = 0.99). Mean myocardial values of T1/T2 = 1116 ± 30.5 ms/45.1 ± 2.38 ms were measured in vivo. Biases of T1/T2 = 101.8 ms/−0.77 ms were obtained compared to standard 2D techniques.ConclusionThe proposed joint T1/T2 sequence permitted the acquisition of motion‐compensated isotropic‐resolution 3D T1 and T2 maps and complementary coronary MR angiography and fat volumes, showing promising results in terms of T1 and T2 quantification and visualization of cardiac anatomy and pericardial fat.
Effects of Reservoir Elevation and Spatial Synchrony on Walleye Recruitment in Lake Oahe, Missouri River
Authors: Felts Eli A. , Fincel Mark J. , Graeb Brian D. S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Recruitment is an important driver of fish population abundance and size structure and can be affected by a variety of density-dependent and density-independent factors. Walleye Sander vitreus populations often exhibit variable year-class strength, which has been attributed to a suite of factors. In this study, we quantified variability in Walleye recruitment, assessed within-lake recruitment synchrony, and modeled recruitment variability for year-classes that were produced from 1988 to 2013 in Lake Oahe, a large Missouri River reservoir. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether Walleye recruit annually, (2) whether Walleye recruitment is spatially synchronous, and (3) whether Walleye recruitment is better described by biotic or abiotic factors. The variability of Walleye recruitment was indexed by using gill-net catch of age-2 Walleye across nine locations in Lake Oahe, and factors affecting recruitment were evaluated by using stock–recruit analysis. Over the 26 years that were assessed, all year-classes were present and four exceptionally large year-classes were produced. Recruitment synchrony was apparent among locations within Lake Oahe, but this relationship was largely influenced by the spatial synchrony of the four exceptionally large year-classes and was no longer detectable when those year-classes were removed. The relative abundance of age-4 and older Walleye, taken as an index of spawner abundance, was a poor predictor of Walleye recruitment, indicating that Walleye recruitment was regulated by density-independent factors across the range of observations. The interactive effects of reservoir elevation and elevation change improved model fit to explain 59% of the recruitment variation and indicated that increased elevation from the previous year improved recruitment. Our results indicate that Walleye recruitment may be favored by increasing the water levels in the reservoir in spring.
Parameterization of metabolite and macromolecule contributions in interrelated MR spectra of human brain using multidimensional modeling
Authors: Hoefemann Maike , Bolliger Christine Sandra , Chong Daniel G.Q. , van der Veen Jan Willem , Kreis Roland 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMacromolecular signals are crucial constituents of short echo‐time 1H MR spectra with potential clinical implications in themselves as well as essential ramifications for the quantification of the usually targeted metabolites. Their parameterization, needed for general fitting models, is difficult because of their unknown composition. Here, a macromolecular signal parameterization together with metabolite signal quantification including relaxation properties is investigated by multidimensional modeling of interrelated 2DJ inversion‐recovery (2DJ‐IR) datasets. Simultaneous and iterative procedures for defining the macromolecular background (MMBG) as mono‐exponentially or generally decaying signals over TE are evaluated. Varying prior knowledge and restrictions in the metabolite evaluation are tested to examine their impact on results and fitting stability for two sets of three‐dimensional spectra acquired with metabolite‐cycled PRESS from cerebral gray and white matter locations. One dataset was used for model optimization, and also examining the influence of prior knowledge on estimated parameters. The most promising model was applied to a second dataset. It turned out that the mono‐exponential decay model appears to be inadequate to represent TE‐dependent signal features of the MMBG. TE‐adapted MMBG spectra were therefore determined. For a reliable overall quantification of implicated metabolite concentrations and relaxation times, a general fitting model had to be constrained in terms of the number of fitting variables and the allowed parameter space. With such a model in place, fitting precision for metabolite contents and relaxation times was excellent, while fitting accuracy is difficult to judge and bias was likely influenced by the type of fitting constraints enforced. In summary, the parameterization of metabolite and macromolecule contributions in interrelated MR spectra has been examined by using multidimensional modeling on complex 2DJ‐IR datasets. A tightly restricted model allows fitting of individual subject data with high fitting precision documented in small Cramér‐Rao lower bounds, good repeatability values and a relatively small spread of estimated concentration and relaxation values for a healthy subject cohort.
Current and potential pharmacological treatment options for insomnia in patients with alcohol use disorder in recovery
Authors: Roehrs Timothy A. , Auciello Jessica , Tseng Jack , Whiteside Garth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by dysfunction in motivational, mood‐stress regulation, and sleep systems that interact in complex ways to heighten the risk of relapse during abstinence. Emerging data suggest that excessive and chronic alcohol use disrupts sleep homeostasis and, in abstinence, subjects with AUD are known to experience insomnia that may persist for weeks to years, which we propose to refer to as insomnia associated with alcohol cessation (IAAC). The purpose of this review is to provide an update of pharmacological approaches to therapy including compounds in development, to raise awareness of the prevalence of and unmet need in IAAC and highlight differences in treatment consideration for IAAC as compared to insomnia disorder. We performed a search of select electronic databases to identify studies of pharmacological agents used to treat sleep disturbances in abstinent or treatment‐seeking patients with alcohol use disorder. The search, conducted in June 2019 and updated in December 2019, yielded 1,188 abstracts after duplicates were removed, of which 36 full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility. Eighteen studies were included, 15 randomized controlled trials and three open‐label studies. Several classes of medications including antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics have been evaluated for their effectiveness in treating sleep disturbances in abstinent or treatment‐seeking patients with AUD. None of these medications are approved by the FDA for the treatment of IAAC, and the currently available evidence for these agents is limited. Randomized, controlled clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of medications in the treatment of IAAC.