bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyscore of autonomic parameters for risk stratification of the elderly general population: the Polyscore study
Authors: Steger Alexander , Dommasch Michael , Müller Alexander , Sinnecker Daniel , Huster Katharina M , Gotzler Teresa , Gotzler Othmar , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Ulm Kurt , Barthel Petra , Hnatkova Katerina , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Malik Marek , Schmidt Georg 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Present society is constantly ageing and elderly frequently suffer from conditions that are difficult and/or costly to treat if detected late. Effective screening of the elderly is therefore needed so that those requiring detailed clinical work-up are identified early. We present a prospective validation of a screening strategy based on a Polyscore of seven predominantly autonomic, non-invasive risk markers.

Methods and results
Within a population-based survey in Germany (INVADE study), participants aged ≥60 years were enrolled between August 2013 and February 2015. Seven prospectively defined Polyscore components were obtained during 30-min continuous recordings of electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and respiration. Out of 1956 subjects, 168 were excluded due to atrial fibrillation, implanted pacemaker, or unsuitable recordings. All-cause mortality over a median 4-year follow-up was prospectively defined as the primary endpoint. The Polyscore divided the investigated population (n = 1788, median age: 72 years, females: 58%) into three predefined groups with low (n = 1405, 78.6%), intermediate (n = 326, 18.2%), and high risk (n = 57, 3.2%). During the follow-up, 82 (4.6%) participants died. Mortality in the Polyscore-defined risk groups was 3.4%, 7.4%, and 17.5%, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). The Polyscore-based mortality prediction was independent of Framingham score, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and major stroke and/or myocardial infarction history. It was particularly effective in those aged &lt;75 years (n = 1145).

Conclusion
The Polyscore-based mortality risk assessment from short-term non-invasive recordings is effective in the elderly general population, especially those aged 60–74 years. Implementation of a comprehensive Polyscore screening of this age group is proposed to advance preventive medical care.
Hybrid local and teleseismic P-wave tomography in North Tanzania: role of inherited structures and magmatism on continental rifting
Authors: Clutier A , Gautier S , Tiberi C 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARY
While local earthquake tomography is typically used to image the crust, this technique has restricted depth penetration due to short receiver-source distances. Regional tomography however aims to image the upper mantle from teleseismic events but suffers from poor resolution from 0 down to 40 km depth. We present here a hybrid method that combines the two approaches taking advantage of the short-wavelength resolution within the crust to better constrain the ray path at depth, and thus to improve the lithospheric imaging. Using this new method enhances the continuity or disruption of mantle anomalies towards the surface. Such hybrid tomographic images of crust-to-upper mantle structures are then critical to understand the relation and interplay between the thermal and mechanical lithospheric processes and the role in the localization of the deformation at the surface. We apply our approach to the North Tanzanian Divergence (NTD), where those processes interact with a cold cratonic lithosphere. Our new tomographic images clearly demonstrate the impact of deep-seated processes on surface features. First, strong lateral velocity anomalies and clustered seismicity in the crust are consistent with the surface geology of the NTD (rifted basins, volcanoes and border faults). Then, at a lithospheric scale, the velocity distribution highlights the major role of inherited structures in guiding the rift opening. In particular, our study suggests a strong influence of the Masai cratonic block, south of the NTD, in the rift evolution. The transition from the north–south axial valley into three diverging rift arms (Eyasi, Natron-Manyara and Pangani) is likely due to the change in rheology and to the presence of magma along inherited sutures between the craton and the mobile belts.
Impaired IFN-γ-dependent STAT3 Activation Is Associated With Dysregulation of Regulatory and Inflammatory Signaling in Monocytes of Ulcerative Colitis Patients
Authors: Cordes Friederike , Lenker Eva , Weinhage Toni , Spille Lea J , Bettenworth Dominik , Varga Georg , Schmidt Hartmut H , Foell Dirk 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) inhibitor tofacitinib has been recently approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) but not Crohn’s disease (CD). Systematic analysis of the JAK/STAT pathway in inflammatory bowel disease is still missing. The aim of this study was to investigate JAK/STAT activation and adjacent signaling in monocytes of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, which are key players in inflammatory responses.

Methods
Blood samples of active UC (n = 28) and CD patients (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 22) were collected for primary monocyte investigation. STAT phosphorylation (pSTAT), cytokine secretion, and surface marker expression ± prior tofacitinib blockade in addition to Th-17 and regulatory T cell induction in cocultures were analyzed upon interferon (IFN)-γ timulation.

Results
Baseline frequencies of pSTAT1+ and pSTAT3+ monocytes were significantly higher in UC, whereas IFN-γ-associated crosstalk induction of pSTAT3+ monocytes was missing in UC-derived monocytes compared with controls and CD. This coincided with decreased interleukin (IL)-10 and cluster of differentiation (CD)39 levels, diminished regulatory T cell (Treg) induction, and increased IL-12 and IL-23 secretion compared with controls, which was not observed in CD monocytes. Tofacitinib induced stronger inhibition of inflammatory cytokine release (IL-6, TNFα, IL-12, IL-23) in UC compared with CD monocytes.

Conclusions
In UC monocytes, IFN-γ-associated activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is impaired with an imbalance between STAT1 and STAT3, coinciding with stronger induction of inflammatory monocytes by IFN-γ compared with controls or CD. The fact that tofacitinib had stronger regulatory impact on UC than on CD monocytes further underlines a stronger inflammatory involvement of the JAK/STAT pathway in UC pathogenesis, which might result from missing STAT3 activation to counteract STAT1-induced inflammation.
Measuring stellar atmosphere parameters using follow-up polarimetric microlensing observations
Authors: Khalouei Elahe , Sajadian Sedighe , Rahvar Sohrab 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of potential follow-up polarimetric microlensing observations to study the stellar atmospheres of distant stars. First, we produce synthetic microlensing events using the Galactic model, stellar population and interstellar dust toward the Galactic bulge. We simulate the polarization microlensing light curves and pass them through the instrument specifications of the FOcal Reducer and low dispersion Spectrograph (FORS2) polarimeter at the Very Large Telescope (VLT), and then analyse them. We find that the accuracy of the VLT allows us to constrain the atmospheres of cool red giant branch (RGB) stars. Assuming that about 3000 microlensing events are detected per year by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) telescope, we expect to detect almost 20, 10, 8 and 5 polarization microlensing events for the following four criteria: being three consecutive polarimetric data points above the baseline with 1σ, 2σ, 3σ and 4σ, respectively, in the polarimetric light curves. We generalize the covariance matrix formulation and present the combination of polarimetric and icinformation that leads us to measure the scattering optical depth of the atmosphere and the inner radius of the stellar envelope of RGB stars. These two parameters could determine the dust opacity of the atmosphere of cool RGB source stars and the radius where dust can be formed.
Kinematic complexity around NGC 419: resolving the proper motion of the cluster, the Small Magellanic Cloud, and the Magellanic bridge
Authors: Massari Davide , Raso Silvia , Libralato Mattia , Bellini Andrea 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We present Hubble Space Telescope proper motions in the direction of the star cluster NGC 419 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Because of the high precision of our measurements, for the first time it is possible to resolve the complex kinematics of the stellar populations located in the field, even along the tangential direction. In fact, the proper motions we measured allow us to separate cluster stars, which move on average with ($\mu _{\alpha }\cos \delta ^{\rm NGC\, 419}, \mu _{\delta }^{\rm NGC\, 419}$) = (+0.878 ± 0.055, −1.246 ± 0.048) mas yr−1, from those of the Small Magellanic Cloud and those belonging to a third kinematic feature that we recognize as part of the Magellanic Bridge. Resolving such a kinematic complexity enables the construction of decontaminated colour–magnitude diagrams, as well as the measurement of the absolute proper motion of the three separate components. Our study therefore sets the first steps towards the possibility of dynamically investigating the Magellanic system by exploiting the resolved kinematics of its stellar clusters.
The structure of hydrodynamic γ-ray burst jets
Authors: Gottlieb Ore , Nakar Ehud , Bromberg Omer 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
After being launched, gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets propagate through dense media prior to their breakout. The jet-medium interaction results in the formation of a complex structured outflow, often referred to as a ‘structured jet’. The underlying physics of the jet-medium interaction that sets the post-breakout jet morphology has never been explored systematically. Here, we use a suite of 3D simulations to follow the evolution of hydrodynamic long and short gamma-ray bursts (lGRBs and sGRBs) jets after breakout to study the post-breakout structure induced by the interaction. Our simulations feature Rayleigh–Taylor fingers that grow from the cocoon into the jet, mix cocoon with jet material and destabilize the jet. The mixing gives rise to a previously unidentified region sheathing the jet from the cocoon, which we denote the jet–cocoon interface (JCI). lGRBs undergo strong mixing, resulting in most of the jet energy to drift into the JCI, while in sGRBs weaker mixing is possible, leading to a comparable amount of energy in the two components. Remarkably, the jet structure (jet-core plus JCI) can be characterized by simple universal angular power-law distributions, with power-law indices that depend solely on the mixing level. This result supports the commonly used power-law angular distribution, and disfavours Gaussian jets. At larger angles, where the cocoon dominates, the structure is more complex. The mixing shapes the prompt emission light curve and implies that typical lGRB afterglows are different from those of sGRBs. Our predictions can be used to infer jet characteristics from prompt and afterglow observations.
The distinct stellar-to-halo mass relations of satellite and central galaxies: insights from the IllustrisTNG simulations
Authors: Engler Christoph , Pillepich Annalisa , Joshi Gandhali D , Nelson Dylan , Pasquali Anna , Grebel Eva K , Lisker Thorsten , Zinger Elad , Donnari Martina , Marinacci Federico , Vogelsberger Mark , Hernquist Lars 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the stellar-to-halo mass relation (SHMR) for central and satellite galaxies with total dynamical masses above $10^{10.5}\, \rm {M}_\odot$ using the suite of cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations IllustrisTNG. In particular, we quantify environmental effects on satellite populations from TNG50, TNG100, and TNG300 located within the virial radius of group- and cluster-like hosts with total masses of $10^{12\!-\!15.2}\, \rm {M}_\odot$. At fixed stellar mass, the satellite SHMR exhibits a distinct shift towards lower dynamical mass compared to the SHMR of centrals. Conversely, at fixed dynamical mass, satellite galaxies appear to have larger stellar-to-total mass fractions than centrals by up to a factor of a few. The systematic deviation from the central SHMR is larger for satellites in more massive hosts, at smaller cluster-centric distances, with earlier infall times, and that inhabits higher local density environments; moreover, it is in place already at early times (z ≲ 2). Systematic environmental effects might contribute to the perceived galaxy-to-galaxy variation in the measured SHMR when galaxies cannot be separated into satellites and centrals. The SHMR of satellites exhibits a larger scatter than centrals (by up to ∼0.8 dex), over the whole range of dynamical mass. The shift of the satellite SHMR results mostly from tidal stripping of their dark matter, which affects satellites in an outside-in fashion: The departure of the satellite SHMR from the centrals’ relation diminishes for measurements of dynamical mass in progressively smaller apertures. Finally, we provide a family of fitting functions for the SHMR predicted by IllustrisTNG.
Lnc2Cancer 3.0: an updated resource for experimentally supported lncRNA/circRNA cancer associations and web tools based on RNA-seq and scRNA-seq data
Authors: Gao Yue , Shang Shipeng , Guo Shuang , Li Xin , Zhou Hanxiao , Liu Hongjia , Sun Yue , Wang Junwei , Wang Peng , Zhi Hui , Li Xia , Ning Shangwei , Zhang Yunpeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An updated Lnc2Cancer 3.0 (http://www.bio-bigdata.net/lnc2cancer or http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/lnc2cancer) database, which includes comprehensive data on experimentally supported long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) associated with human cancers. In addition, web tools for analyzing lncRNA expression by high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) are described. Lnc2Cancer 3.0 was updated with several new features, including (i) Increased cancer-associated lncRNA entries over the previous version. The current release includes 9254 lncRNA-cancer associations, with 2659 lncRNAs and 216 cancer subtypes. (ii) Newly adding 1049 experimentally supported circRNA-cancer associations, with 743 circRNAs and 70 cancer subtypes. (iii) Experimentally supported regulatory mechanisms of cancer-related lncRNAs and circRNAs, involving microRNAs, transcription factors (TF), genetic variants, methylation and enhancers were included. (iv) Appending experimentally supported biological functions of cancer-related lncRNAs and circRNAs including cell growth, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT), immunity and coding ability. (v) Experimentally supported clinical relevance of cancer-related lncRNAs and circRNAs in metastasis, recurrence, circulation, drug resistance, and prognosis was included. Additionally, two flexible online tools, including RNA-seq and scRNA-seq web tools, were developed to enable fast and customizable analysis and visualization of lncRNAs in cancers. Lnc2Cancer 3.0 is a valuable resource for elucidating the associations between lncRNA, circRNA and cancer.
Plasma exchange in ANCA-associated vasculitis: the pro position
Authors: Kronbichler Andreas , Shin Jae Il , Wang Chia-Shi , Szpirt Wladimir M , Segelmark Mårten , Tesar Vladimir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Plasma exchange (PLEX) is capable of removing significant amounts of circulating antibodies. In anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, PLEX was reserved for patients with severe presentation forms such as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary haemorrhage. The Plasma Exchange and Glucocorticoids in Severe ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (PEXIVAS) trial included all comers with a glomerular filtration rate &lt;50 mL/min/1.73 m2 and thus aimed to answer the question of whether PLEX is an option for patients with no relevant kidney function impairment or not. PEXIVAS revealed that after a follow-up of almost 3 years, routine administration of PLEX does not provide an additional benefit to reduce the rate of a composite comprising end-stage kidney disease or death. In the absence of histological parameters, it is tempting to speculate whether PLEX is effective or not in those with a potential for renal recovery. A subset of patients presented with alveolar haemorrhage, and there was a trend towards a better outcome of such cases receiving PLEX. This would be in line with observational studies reporting a recovery of alveolar haemorrhage following extracorporeal treatment. In this PRO part of the debate, we highlight the shortcomings of the PEXIVAS trial and stimulate further research paths, which in our eyes are necessary before abandoning PLEX from the therapeutic armamentarium.
Learning from House Prices: Amplification and Business Fluctuations
Authors: Chahrour Ryan , Gaballo Gaetano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe formalize the idea that house price changes may drive rational waves of optimism and pessimism in the economy. In our model, a house price increase caused by aggregate disturbances may be misinterpreted as a sign of higher local permanent income, leading households to demand more consumption and housing. Higher demand reinforces the initial price increase in an amplification loop that drives comovement in output, labour, residential investment, land prices, and house prices even in response to aggregate supply shocks. The qualitative implications of our otherwise frictionless model are consistent with observed business cycles and it can explain the economic impact of apparently autonomous changes in sentiment without resorting to non-fundamental shocks or nominal rigidity.
Novel Technical Factors Affecting Proximal Humerus Fixation Stability
Authors: Laflamme G-Yves , Moisan Philippe , Chapleau Julien , Goulet Julien , Leduc Stéphane , Benoit Benoit , Rouleau Dominique M. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
Intra-articular screw cut-out is a common complication after proximal humerus fracture (PHF) fixation using a locking plate. This study investigates novel technical factors associated with mechanical failures and complications in PHF fixation.

Design:
A retrospective radiological study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Clinical and radiological data from consecutive PHF patients treated between January 2007 and December 2013 were reviewed.

Intervention:
Open reduction and internal fixation with the Synthes Philos locking plate.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Postoperative radiographs were assessed for quality of initial reduction, humeral head offset, screw length, number and position, restoration of medial calcar support or the presence of calcar screws, and intra-articular screw perforations. Using SliceOMatic software, we validated a method to accurately identify screws of 45 mm or longer on AP radiographs. Follow-up radiographs were reviewed for complications.

Results:
Among 110 patients included [mean age 60 years, 78 women (71%), follow-up 2.5 years] and the following factors were associated with a worse outcome. (1) Screws >45 mm in proximal rows [Odds Ratio (OR) = 5.3 for screw cut-out); (2) lateral translation of the humeral diaphysis over 6 mm (OR = 2.7 for loss of reduction); (3) lack in medial support by bone contact (OR = 4.9 for screw cut-out); (4) varus reduction increased the risk of complications (OR = 4.3).

Conclusion:
The importance of reduction and calcar support in PHF fixation is critical. This study highlights some technical factors to which the surgeon must pay attention: avoid varus reduction, maximize medial support, avoid screws longer than 45 mm in the proximal rows, and restore the humeral offset within 6 mm or less.

Level of evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Young Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures Are Associated With Fewer Complications than Young Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: DeKeyser Graham J. , Wilson Jacob M. , Kellam Patrick J. , Spencer Corey , Haller Justin M. , Rothberg David L. , Wagner Eric R. , Higgins Thomas F. , Marchand Lucas S. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To compare the complication profile of femoral neck (FN) and intertrochanteric (IT) femur fractures in young patients.

Design:
A retrospective database review.

Setting:
Large, national private insurer claims database with longitudinal follow-up.

Patients:
Individuals undergoing surgical fixation of IT or FN fractures from 2010 to 2017 were identified. Patients were included if they were 18–50 years of age and had 1-year postoperative follow-up. Those with comorbid conditions of chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, or coronary artery disease were excluded from the primary analysis.

Main Outcome Measures:
Complication data, including a diagnosis of nonunion, malunion, avascular necrosis (AVN), or need for revision surgery at 1-year follow-up, were compared. In addition, medical complication data at 90 days postoperatively were evaluated.

Results:
In total, 808 patients were identified: 392 (48.5%) patients with IT femur fractures and 416 (51.5%) patients with FN fractures. On multivariate analysis, FN fractures had nearly twice the risk of nonunion compared with IT femur fractures (odds ratio = 1.89; confidence interval, 1.09–3.30). IT femur fractures had a 5.4% rate of nonunion, a 3.6% rate of revision surgery, a 1% rate of AVN, and a 0.8% rate of conversion into total hip arthroplasty. By contrast, FN fractures had significantly higher rates of nonunion (10.3%; P = 0.009), revision surgery (9.4%; P = 0.001), AVN (5.8%; P < 0.001), and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (6%; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The results of this study demonstrate that IT fractures in young patients have superior outcomes when compared with their intracapsular counterparts. This is the only series of its kind to evaluate the complication profile of young IT femur fractures on a large scale. This information will be helpful in counseling patients in the perioperative setting.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Long noncoding RNA PCED1B-AS1 promotes erythroid differentiation coordinating with GATA1 and chromatin remodeling
Authors: Zhu Junwei , Ren Yunxiao , Han Yuanyuan , Jin Tingting , Li Yanming , Ruan Xiuyan , Qu Hongzhu , Huang Shengwen , Zhang Zhaojun , Fang Xiangdong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a complex and sophisticated multi-stage process regulated by a variety of factors, including the transcription factor GATA1 and non-coding RNA. GATA1 is regarded as an essential transcriptional regulator promoting transcription of erythroid-specific genes—such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). Here, we comprehensively screened lncRNAs that were potentially regulated by GATA1 in erythroid cells. We identified a novel lncRNA—PCED1B-AS1—and verified its role in promoting erythroid differentiation of K562 erythroid cells. We also predicted a model in which PCED1B-AS1 participates in erythroid differentiation via dynamic chromatin remodeling involving GATA1. The relationship between lncRNA and chromatin in the process of erythroid differentiation remains to be revealed, and in our study we have carried out preliminary explorations.