bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics and Adverse Impact of Hepatotoxicity due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Miller Ethan D. , Abu-Sbeih Hamzah , Styskel Brett , Nogueras Gonzalez Graciela M. , Blechacz Boris , Naing Aung , Chalasani Naga 
Published: December 2019

INTRODUCTION:
We conducted this study to characterize the incidence, clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) hepatotoxicity.

METHODS:
Patients who received ICIs (with either single-agent or combination regimens) from January 1, 2010, to March 31, 2018, were identified. Hepatotoxicity was defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), in the absence of an alternate cause, and categorized as grade 3 (ALT 5–20× ULN) or grade 4 (ALT >20× ULN), according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4.03.

RESULTS:
Among 5,762 patients, 100 (2%) developed hepatotoxicity, occurring in a higher proportion of recipients of combination therapy (9.2%) compared with monotherapy (up to 1.7%, P < 0.001). ICIs were discontinued permanently in 69 and temporarily in 31 patients. Sixty-seven patients received steroids, 10 of whom (14%) had recurrent hepatotoxicity after the steroid taper. Thirty-one patients resumed ICIs after ALT improvement, 8 of whom (26%) developed recurrent hepatotoxicity. Characteristics of liver injury, response to steroids, and outcomes were similar between 38 individuals with and 62 without possible pre-existing liver disease. The severity and outcome of hepatotoxicity due to combination therapy were not significantly different from monotherapy. There were 36 deaths. Two had liver failure at the time of death, both with progression of liver metastases and grade 3 hepatotoxicity.

DISCUSSION:
Clinically significant ICI-related hepatotoxicity was uncommon but led to permanent ICI discontinuation in the majority. ICIs were restarted in a sizable proportion of patients, most of whom did not experience recurrent hepatotoxicity.
KAJIAN RUANG DAN AKTIVITAS PASAR MINGGU TAMAN SETIABUDI BANYUMANIK TERHADAP TERBENTUKNYA KOHESI SOSIAL MASYARAKAT
Authors: Pramesti Previari Umi , Prabowo Bintang Noor , Hasan Muhammad Ismail 
Published: December 2019

Kohesi sosial adalah sebuah perekat yang secara fungsional merupakan kristalisasi dari adanya kesamaan famili, klan, etnik, kesamaan nasib, jenis pekerjaan, orientasi budaya, dan tujuan sosial. Dalam sudut pandang ini, terbentuknya sebuah masyatakat harus melalui mekanisme penyatuan berbagai kesamaan yang disebut di atas. Dengan kalimat lain, pembentukan sebuah masyarakat harus melalui mekanisme perekatan yang disebut kohesi sosial. Pasar Minggu Taman Setiabudi Banyumanik adalah salah satu fenomena sosial yang ada di wilayah Semarang Atas dimana terdapat aktivitas ekonomi yang secara tidak langsung memfasilitasi terciptanya aktivitas sosial masyarakat setempat. Analisis Teori Produksi Ruang Henri Lefebvre digunakan sebagai alat untuk membaca kondisi di lapangan.Hasil penganalisaan diketahui bahwa kohesi sosial di Pasar Minggu Taman Setiabudi ini merupakan sinergi suatu interaksi dinamis antara proses sosial dan proses spasial, berupa tata ruang, perkembangan masyarakat urban, ruang publik, dan berbagai ekspresi budaya yang muncul atas berbagai praktek ‘menghuni’ suatu ruang
A New Architecture of Energy Hubs for Animal Farms with Distributed Energy Resources
Authors: Nguyen Minh Y , Thuy Pham Dieu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a new architecture of energy hubs for animal farms considering the availability of energy resources in the farm such as biogas, solar, etc. It is proposed to combine three energy carriers: biogas, heat and electricity into an aggregate system to improve the energy efficiency of the farm. The problem is to determine the optimal allocation of distributed energy resources such as biogas generators, photovoltaics, battery and electric grid, etc. with the objective function is minimizing the total cost of energy hubs, i. e. life cycle cost while subjected to the constraint of heat, electricity and gas demands. The uncertainty of renewable energy is taken into account not only with the daily and monthly variation of the resource but the forecasting error as well. In addition, the sensitivity of the life cycle cost with respect to the price of electricity is analysed in different scenarios. The problem is examined in a case study of a typical pig farm in Northern Vietnam in both cases: with and without the ability to sell the surplus electricity to the grid. The simulation result shows the effectiveness of the proposed energy hub compared to other approaches.
Optimizing Thermal Processing of Broccoli: Model Development, Numerical Simulation, Experimental Validation
Authors: Pero Milad , Kiani Hossein , Skåra Torstein , Skipnes Dagbjørn , Askari Gholamreze 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Kinetic models describing the thermal inactivation of peroxidase and degradation of broccoli (Brassica Oleracea var. Italica) color were coupled with heat transfer equation (2D conductive heat transfer in cylindrical packed broccoli samples), and their simultaneous numerical simulation followed by experimental validation was carried out. Obtained results revealed that modeling the rate constants of the reactions with log logistic equation provides a better prediction in comparison with the most popular Arrhenius equation. It was observed that processing at temperatures lower than 80 °C is not recommended for processing of broccoli due to its adverse effect on the color of samples and considerable longer process time needed for assuring sufficient inactivation of enzyme at the cold spot. Temperatures above 80 °C were suitable for this purpose because the process time needed for inactivating peroxidase at the cold spot of sample not only affected the green color of samples negatively, but oppositely it resulted in a higher greenness than the original value.
Is there a rationale for perioperative nutrition therapy in the times of ERAS?
Authors: Weimann Arved 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn order to increase patient compliance in Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) programs, assessment and monitoring of functional and nutritional status should be routinely performed. Sarcopenic obesity is frequently underestimated and has been shown to be a significant risk factor for the development of postoperative complications. With special regard to gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment, nutritional deficiencies may develop stepwise and increase during therapy. In the case of proven deficits, recent strategies including “prehabilitation” focus on making the patient fit for an ERAS program. Evidence-based guidelines for perioperative nutrition therapy have been available.
Ternary chalcogenide Ta2NiS5 nanosheets for broadband pulse generation in ultrafast fiber lasers
Authors: Ma Mengyuan , Zhang Jiantian , Zhang Yao , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Junli , Yu Peng , Liu Zheng , Wei Zhiyi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this article, a high-quality saturable absorber (SA) based on a two-dimensional ternary chalcogenide Ta2NiS5 nanosheet has been successfully fabricated and used in 1- and 1.5-μm spectral regions to generate ultrafast laser pulses. The Ta2NiS5-based SA is fabricated by mechanical exfoliation and sandwiched between two fiber ferrules to form a fiber-compatible SA. On the basis of the twin-detector technique, nonlinear optical absorption of the Ta2NiS5-SA is characterized by 64.7% and 11.95% modulation depths with 1.3 and 0.72 MW/cm2 saturation intensities at 1028 and 1570 nm, respectively. When Ta2NiS5-SA is integrated into Yb- and Er-doped fiber laser cavities, stable self-starting Q-switched pulses are observed. Furthermore, by adjusting the cavity structure and optimizing dispersion in the cavity, we obtain hybrid mode-locking and mode-locking fiber laser operation at 1029 and 1569 nm, respectively. These results validate the performance of Ta2NiS5 as a broadband SA for the generation of ultrafast laser pulses, offering new opportunities of ternary transition-metal dichalcogenide alloys in future photonic devices.
Physical vapor deposition of large-scale PbSe films and its applications in pulsed fiber lasers
Authors: Gao Qun , Yang Hao , Hu Cuichen , He Zhiwen , Lu Hua , Zhang Wending , Mao Dong , Mei Ting , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Lead selenide (PbSe) is a new emerging semiconductor with layer-dependent bandgap that has attracted much interest due to its high infrared response and good environmental stability. We have prepared large-scale PbSe films with the area of 7 cm2 and thickness of 25 nm based on physical vapor deposition approach at 160°C. The PbSe films exhibit saturable absorption property at 1.55 μm and a polarization-sensitive saturable absorber is obtained by growing PbSe on D-shaped fiber. Single-pulse with the duration of 490 fs is generated at the pump of 12 mW and the mode-locking operation is maintained at the pump of 1500 mW, indicating the high damage threshold of the D-shaped fiber based saturable absorber. Two polarization-insensitive saturable absorbers are achieved by depositing PbSe on fiber facet and polyvinyl alcohol film, respectively. For fiber facet (polyvinyl alcohol film) based saturable absorber, the repetition rate of Q-switched pulses increases from 8.6 (16.3) kHz to 45.4 (59.2) kHz while the duration decreases from 7.92 (12) μs to 2.06 (3.12) μs by tuning the pump from 15 mW to 90 (60) mW. Such large-scale PbSe films possess features of low cost and high modulation ability, and can find important applications in infrared optical modulators and detectors.
Synthesis and characterization of two bifunctional pyrazole-phosphonic acid ligands
Authors: Nateghi Bahareh , Janiak Christoph 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The bifunctional compounds 3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-phosphonophenyl)-1H-pyrazole 1 and 4-(4-phosphonophenyl)-1H-pyrazole 2 were synthesized via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, starting from a Boc-protected pyrazolylboronic acid ester and the iodoarylphosphonate. The target compounds were isolated after acidic hydrolysis in the form of the hydrochloride salts 1 · HCl and 2 · HCl · H2O with a yield of 81% and 86%, respectively. Pd(dppf)Cl2 was found to be superior to Pd(PPh3)4 as a catalyst; dry 1,4-dioxane as a solvent, Cs2CO3 as a base, and no co-ligands were the best found conditions. The alternative routes through iodoarylphosphonate of iodoarylpyrazole, with the crucial steps based on the copper-catalyzed coupling with acetylacetone or the Arbuzov reaction were proven inefficient. The structures of the isolated hydrochloride salts 1 · HCl and 2 · HCl · H2O feature hydrogen-bonded networks involving the chloride anions.
The application of essential oils as a next-generation of pesticides: recent developments and future perspectives
Authors: Fierascu Radu Claudiu , Fierascu Ioana Catalina , Dinu-Pirvu Cristina Elena , Fierascu Irina , Paunescu Alina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The overuse of synthetic pesticide, a consequence of the rush to increase crop production, led to tremendous adverse effects, as they constitute a major pollutant for both soils and water, with a high toxicity towards humans and animals and, at the same time, led to development of pest resistance. In the last period, the researches were directed towards finding new solutions with a lower toxicity, less damaging behaviour towards the environment, and a better specificity of action. In this context, the use of essential oils, a complex and unique mixture of compounds, can be considered for the next-generation pesticides. This review aims to present the main applications of the essential oils as insecticides, herbicides, acaricides, and nematicides, as they emerged from the scientific literature published in the last 5 years (2015 to present). From the identified articles within the time period, only those dealing with essential oils obtained by the authors (not commercially available) were selected to be inserted in the review, characterized using established analytical techniques and employed for the envisaged applications. The review is concluded with a chapter containing the main conclusions of the literature study and the future perspectives, regarding the application of essential oils as next-generation pesticides.
Serotonergic Plasticity in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Characterizes Susceptibility and Resilience to Anhedonia
Authors: Prakash Nandkishore , Stark Christiana J. , Keisler Maria N. , Luo Lily , Der-Avakian Andre , Dulcis Davide 
Published: December 2019

Chronic stress induces anhedonia in susceptible but not resilient individuals, a phenomenon observed in humans as well as animal models, but the molecular mechanisms underlying susceptibility and resilience are not well understood. We hypothesized that the serotonergic system, which is implicated in stress, reward, and antidepressant therapy, may play a role. We found that plasticity of the serotonergic system contributes to the differential vulnerability to stress displayed by susceptible and resilient animals. Stress-induced anhedonia was assessed in adult male rats using social defeat and intracranial self-stimulation, while changes in serotonergic phenotype were investigated using immunohistochemistry andin situhybridization. Susceptible, but not resilient, rats displayed an increased number of neurons expressing the biosynthetic enzyme for serotonin, tryptophan-hydroxylase-2 (TPH2), in the ventral subnucleus of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRv). Further, a decrease in the number of DRv glutamatergic (VGLUT3+) neurons was observed in all stressed rats. This neurotransmitter plasticity is activity-dependent, as was revealed by chemogenetic manipulation of the central amygdala, a stress-sensitive nucleus that forms a major input to the DR. Activation of amygdalar corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)+ neurons abolished the increase in DRv TPH2+ neurons and ameliorated stress-induced anhedonia in susceptible rats. These findings show that activation of amygdalar CRH+ neurons induces resilience, and suppresses the gain of serotonergic phenotype in the DRv that is characteristic of susceptible rats. This molecular signature of vulnerability to stress-induced anhedonia and the active nature of resilience could be targeted to develop new treatments for stress-related disorders like depression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDepression and other mental disorders can be induced by chronic or traumatic stressors. However, some individuals are resilient and do not develop depression in response to chronic stress. A complete picture of the molecular differences between susceptible and resilient individuals is necessary to understand how plasticity of limbic circuits is associated with the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders. Using a rodent model, our study identifies a novel molecular marker of susceptibility to stress-induced anhedonia, a core symptom of depression, and a means to modulate it. These findings will guide further investigation into cellular and circuit mechanisms of resilience, and the development of new treatments for depression.
Influence of meteorological conditions on the formation of ice regime of the Lake Onega
Authors: Baklagin V. N. 
Published: December 2019

The formation of the ice regime on large lakes is mostly determined by the complex meteorological processes occurring over the water area. Previous studies of the air temperature influence on the ice regime formation on the Lake Onega were based on observational data on the state of the ice cover in the Petrozavodsk Bay, as well as the materials of the rare missions of aerial reconnaissance performed in the second half of the XX century. So, it was necessary to revise the previously established dependencies using the present-day satellite data for 2000-2018, and to determine the nature of influence of other meteorological factors, among which a thickness of the snow cover on the Lake area. The authors obtained regularities of changes in the characteristic dates (complete freeze-up – ±5 days/°C and final clearing of ice – ±3 days/°C) of the ice regime on the Lake Onega, depending on changes in the average air temperature that preceded these dates (autumn and spring) for the period of two months. The regression equations to calculate these dates on the basis of the previous three - and four-month periods from the data of 2000-2018 are also given. Relative to the above mentioned results for the previous period, a certain shift by a month ahead of two- and three- period exerting influence on the date of the complete freezeup is noted. Dependencies to calculate the cumulative daily temperatures for the period of the ice regime formation (the beginning of the formation of ice phenomena, complete freeze-up phase, the beginning of the breakup phase, clearing of the ice) were also deduced. Together with the data on the expected air temperature over the Lake these dates provide a potential possibility to estimate (predict) the characteristic dates of the ice regime. The significant influence of the average snow cover thickness on the process of destruction of the ice cover was shown, and the nature of the statistical relationship (along with the air temperature) was also determined.
La ampliación del tiempo escolar: ¿Se modifican los componentes duros del formato escolar? Revisión bibliográfica sobre estas temáticas
Authors: Vercellino Soledad 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 10 de agosto de 2012 • Corregido 05 de noviembre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012Hace más de dos décadas que asistimos en América Latina y en Argentina, en particular, al desarrollo de diferentes políticas orientadas a ampliar las jornadas escolares. Entendemos que la implementación de estas políticas es una oportunidad para analizar el comportamiento de la organización escolar ante los intentos de modificar uno de sus componentes duros, como lo es el tiempo; y que se constituye en laboratorios naturales que permiten analizar cuánto resiste la organización clásica del tiempo escolar, en qué cambia y cómo esos cambios (de ocurrir) afectan los restantes componentes de lo escolar (espacios, agrupamientos, etc.). Este artículo presenta el estado de la cuestión de los estudios más relevantes en dos campos de indagación en el ámbito de la educación primaria o elemental que intervienen en esta problemática: por un lado, los que refieren al tiempo escolar, su organización y ampliación y; por otro lado, las investigaciones que abordan los componentes estructurales y estructurantes de lo escolar. La revisión bibliográfica realizada nos indica que las investigaciones que han abordado el tiempo escolar y las distintas políticas y programas de extensión de la jornada escolar como objeto de indagación no dan cuenta de las vicisitudes que estas encuentran a la hora de intentar modificar los componentes duros del dispositivo escolar y, por otro lado, que las investigaciones que toman como objeto de estudio el ‘dispositivo escolar’ no han atendido las distintas experiencias de ampliación del tiempo escolar, aun cuando el tiempo es uno de los elementos constitutivos de dicho dispositivo.
Capacitación y actualización de las juntas de educación en escuelas indígenas en zonas rurales: Una manera de fortalecer la gestión educativa local
Authors: Torres Victoria Nancy , Castro Vargas Oscar 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 04 de enero de 2011 • Corregido 19 de octubre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012La gestión educativa en escuelas de zonas rurales indígenas afronta una serie de dificultades a la hora de implementar y cumplir con orientaciones y requisitos establecidos en la legislación que norma la ejecución presupuestaria de los recursos asignados a las juntas de educación o juntas administrativas. Uno de los principales obstáculos que deben afrontar, además de estar ubicados en zonas rurales dispersas, lejos de las cabeceras de municipios y de las Direcciones Regionales, es que todas las reglamentaciones, leyes y orientaciones están en el idioma español. En las comunidades rurales indígenas hay personas que no hablan, escriben, leen ni comprenden el idioma. Esta situación los coloca en una enorme desventaja, que tiene una repercusión directa sobre el derecho a la educación de los niños y niñas indígenas.
Factibilidad de la utilización de recursos tecnológicos en la implementación del eje transversal cultura ambiental para el desarrollo sostenible en la Educación General Básica de Costa Rica
Authors: Matarrita Román Lorna , Serrano Calvo Jessica , Torres Salas María Isabel , León León Giselle 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 19 de junio de 2012 • Corregido 16 de setiembre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012
El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar si, en la implementación del eje transversal cultural ambiental para el desarrollo sostenible, que enfatiza en problemáticas ambientales relacionadas con los contenidos del programa de Ciencias de séptimo año de la Educación Básica, puede ser factible la utilización de recursos tecnológicos. El diseño de la investigación fue cualitativo con enfoque dominante, con algunos elementos de corte cuantitativo, específicamente en el diseño de instrumentos y algunas técnicas de análisis de datos. El tipo de estudio se desarrolló con un enfoque multimétodo, tendencia que ha ido perfilando un estilo de investigación en el que se integran distintos métodos en un mismo diseño. Para ello, se determinaron cuáles fueron las estrategias didácticas y su relación con la tecnología y el eje cultura ambiental para el desarrollo sostenible, utilizadas por 6 docentes de Ciencia que se desempeñaron en séptimo año en instituciones públicas, localizadas en la provincia de Heredia del Valle Central de Costa Rica, así como la opinión de 20 estudiantes de ese mismo nivel. Dentro de los principales resultados se indican las opiniones de estudiantado, que expone su gran interés por recibir las lecciones que incorporen recursos tecnológicos. Por otro lado, algunos docentes se muestran no muy favorables ante el tema o desinteresados al respecto, además de no estar capacitados en su uso. Asimismo se identificó que este personal docente encuestado no desarrolla el eje curricular.
La transmisión inconsciente en la cultura y la educación
Authors: Morales Barrera Mónica 
Published: December 2019

La palabra transmisión es frecuentemente utilizada en nuestra habla cotidiana como un simple sustantivo y la encontramos acompañada de otras que le dan contexto, por ejemplo: enfermedades de transmisión sexual, transmisión televisiva, transmisión de calor, transmisión de datos, etc., aquí es tangible distinguir lo que se transmite y predecir posibles resultados; en cambio si se estudian las particularidades de la transmisión inconsciente entramos en terrenos movedizos, en tanto es un fenómeno imperceptible, cuyos resultados no son posible controlar. El propósito de este ensayo es explorar este peculiar mecanismo que comparten dos ámbitos concatenados que son la cultura y la educación. El ensayo aborda ejemplos que consideramos paradigmáticos para estudiar la transmisión inconsciente, por lo que va más allá de cualquier propuesta histórica o antropológica. Igualmente, se proponen diferencias conceptuales entre otros fenómenos aparentemente similares como lo son la comunicación y la enseñanza; haremos especial énfasis en el muy afamado preconcepto sobre la transmisión de los conocimientos, pues ya desde Platón se anticipa su imposibilidad. Finalmente, al tema de la transmisión inconsciente en la cultura y la educación se liga al de la ética, pues se va tomando conciencia del poder de la palabra inintencionada en la formación de los educandos.