bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trichoscopic evaluation of frontal hairline recession in Egyptian female patients
Authors: Said Marwa , El‐Sayed Sawsan Khalifa , Elkhouly Noha Diyaa Eldeen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince frontal hairline is the most characteristic feature of the face for both men and women, affecting the psychological state of patients, hair loss has been considered to be one of the most prominent esthetic problems. Hair loss either resulting from the androgenetic or nonandrogenetic origin is characterized by changes in the anterior line.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the causes of the frontal hairline recession in Egyptian female patients using trichoscopy and to detect the prevalence of each of those causes in Egyptian females.Patients and MethodsThis study was performed on a total of 200 Egyptian female patients aged between 15 and 65 years who complained of frontal hairline recession. All patients were derived from Al‐Zahraa University hospital outpatient clinic over a period from November 2017 to April 2019. We classified them into two groups according to age: Group A: 15‐45 and Group B: 46‐65. After full history taking, general and dermatological examination, photographs of hair recession were taken from both frontal and temporal sides. Then, the trichoscopic examination by noncontact dermoscopy was done photographed and evaluated.ResultsThe most common cause of the frontal hairline recession in Egyptian female patients was androgenetic alopecia (AGA) (50%). Most of the patients were of old age (58%). The high statistically significant trichoscopic findings in androgenetic alopecia were yellow dots, peripilar sign, hair diameter diversity, and single‐hair pilosebaceous unit (45.0%, 61.0%, 100.0%, and 96.0%), respectively. On the other hand, perifollicular scaling, absence of hair follicles, and lonely hair revealed a high statistically significant presentation (88.9%, 100.0%, and 22.2%), respectively, with frontal fibrosing alopecia, and vellus hair (100.0%) and perifollicular casts (91.8%) with tractional alopecia. Finally, hair broken at different levels (100%), black powder (88.9%), black dots (100.0%), hook hairs (11.1%), i hair (16.7%),V sign (44.4%), flame hairs (33.3%), coiled hair (5.6%), and burnt match stick sign (5.6%) showed a high statistically significance presentation with trichotillomania.ConclusionThe present study supports the trichoscopic criteria for the diagnosis of causes of frontal hairline recession, which provide a noninvasive diagnostic tool compared with histopathological diagnosis.
Odontogenic myxomas lack PDGFRB mutations reported in myofibromas
Authors: de Siqueira Elisa Carvalho , de Sousa Silvia Ferreira , Carlos Roman , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto , Romañach Mário José , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Gomes Carolina Cavaliéri 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe molecular pathogenesis of odontogenic myxoma has not been established yet. Considering that odontogenic myxoma may show myofibroblastic differentiation and myxoid areas can be observed in intra‐osseous myofibromas, we tested the hypothesis whether both tumors share a common molecular profile. As recent studies have reported PDGFRB recurrent driver mutations in myofibroma, we evaluated PDGFRB mutations in odontogenic myxomas.MethodsA convenience sample of 15 odontogenic myxomas cases was selected. We direct sequenced PDGFRB exons 12 and 14, where p.R561C (c.1681C>T) and p.N666K (c.1998C>G) hotspot mutations have been reported among others in single and/or multiple myofibromas.ResultsAll 15 odontogenic myxoma samples were successfully sequenced, and all 15 had wild‐type sequences for the PDGFRB mutations investigated.ConclusionOur findings suggest that PDGFRB mutations do not play a role in odontogenic myxoma pathogenesis, which might be helpful in the differential diagnosis of challenging cases.
Incidence of HCC in chronic hepatitis C patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis who achieved SVR following DAAs: A prospective study
Authors: Shiha Gamal , Mousa Nasser , Soliman Reham , NNH Mikhail Nabiel , Adel Elbasiony Mohamed , Khattab Mahmoud 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLiver cirrhosis is an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. The reported annual incidence of HCC is about 3%‐8% in CHC cirrhotic patients. Based on the Cochrane systematic review, there was no clear evidence, on the long‐term clinical effects of DAAs in patients achieving SVR, as regard liver cirrhosis‐related HCC incidence. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of HCC in chronic hepatitis C patients genotype IV with liver cirrhosis and advanced liver fibrosis after achieving SVR following DAA treatment in a prospective large cohort of HCV patients with long follow‐up. This was a prospective observational cohort study including 2372 CHC patients with advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis receiving DAA therapy in outpatient clinics at the Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital since January 2015. Liver fibrosis was assessed using transient elastography. Abdominal ultrasonography and AFP measurement were done at baseline and follow‐up visits every 6 months, in addition to triphasic abdominal MSCT when needed. Patients were followed up after achieving SVR12 for at least 12 months. HCC developed in 109 cases during the follow‐up period (mean 23.60 ± 8.25 months). Overall HCC incidence was 2.338/100 PY, 95% CI = 1.942‐2.814. In patients with cirrhosis, the incidence of HCC was 2.917/100 PY, 95% CI = 2.407‐3.535, while in patients with advanced liver fibrosis the incidence of HCC was 0.664/100 PY, 95% CI = 0.333‐1.326. In conclusion, the incidence of HCC was reduced in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 patients with liver cirrhosis (F4) and advanced hepatic fibrosis (F3) who achieved SVR following DAA therapy.
Diet quality over time is associated with better development in rural Nepali children
Authors: Miller Laurie C. , Neupane Sumanta , Joshi Neena , Shrestha Merina , Neupane Shailes , Lohani Mahendra , Thorne‐Lyman Andrew L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDevelopmental delays affect between 150 and 200 million children <5 years of age worldwide. Outside of diet supplement studies, relatively little is known about the relationships between diet quality and developmental status in resource‐poor settings. We examined associations between different aspects of dietary quality (dietary diversity score [DDS] and animal‐source food [ASF] consumption) and child development (assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire‐3 [ASQ‐3]) among children whose families were enrolled in a community development intervention trial (implemented by Heifer Nepal) in western Nepal. Two sets of analyses were performed: (a) cross‐sectional Sample (N= 629) seen at the endline survey and (b) longitudinal sample (N= 269) with complete dietary records (six surveys over 48 months). In both samples, child development was significantly related to household wealth, maternal education, and especially home environmental quality. In the cross‐sectional sample, greater consumption of eggs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.80,p= .04) or dairy products (aOR 0.95,p= .05) over the previous 7 days significantly reduced odds of low total ASQ score, by logistic regression analysis. In the longitudinal sample, only egg consumption and cumulative DDS and ASF scores were associated with significantly reduced odds of low total ASQ score (aORs 0.59–0.89). In adjusted linear regression analysis, both cumulative DDS (β [CI]: 1.92 [0.4, 3.5]) and ASF scores (2.46 [0.3, 4.7]) were significantly associated with greater continuous total child development. Programmes targeting child development must address home environmental quality as well as long‐term diet quality.
Treatment of invasive fungal infections in intensive care units with micafungin: The MYRIADE study
Authors: Timsit Jean‐François , Leverger Guy , Milpied Noël , Gachot Bertrand 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBackgroundInvasive fungal infections (IFIs) contribute significantly to nosocomial illness in intensive care units (ICUs). Current practice guidelines recommend echinocandins, such as micafungin, for the treatment of invasive candidiasis. However, limited information on their use in real‐world practice is available.ObjectiveTo describe the conditions of the use of micafungin in daily clinical practice and to evaluate its effectiveness and tolerability under real‐world conditions.Patients/MethodsThis observational, prospective, multicentre study was performed in 34 ICUs in France. The study population consisted of 275 patients ≥16 years old who received treatment with micafungin during the inclusion period. Dose and duration of treatment were at the discretion of the physician.ResultsProven invasive candidiasis was documented before treatment in 106 patients (38.6%); 263 patients (95.6%) received the recommended dose (100 mg/day); 78 patients (28.8%) were treated for the recommended duration. A successful outcome was observed for 217 patients (79.2%). This proportion was significantly higher (83.3%; P < .0001) in patients treated for ≥14 days. Three patients discontinued treatment due to an adverse event considered related to micafungin. No clear impact of micafungin on hepatic function was observed.ConclusionMicafungin was effective in >75% of patients treated for IFIs in ICUs in France; outcomes may be improved with closer adherence to the recommended treatment duration.
Acupuncture of different treatment frequency in postprandial distress syndrome: A pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wang Yu , Hou Ya‐Quan , Yang Jing‐Wen , Wang Li‐Qiong , Shao Jia‐Kai , Zou Xuan , Yang Na‐Na , Huang Jin , Liu Cun‐Zhi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe evidence for different frequencies of acupuncture treatment in postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) is insufficient. This study determined whether 3 sessions per week of acupuncture treatment are superior to 1 session per week for symptomatic outcomes in PDS.MethodsThis 16‐week randomized clinical pilot trial was conducted in an outpatient setting in China. Patients with PDS were randomly assigned to receive 3 sessions per week of acupuncture (group H) or 1 session per week of acupuncture (group L) for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the complete elimination of core symptoms at week 4. Secondary outcomes included overall treatment efficacy, dyspepsia symptoms, quality of life, anxiety, and depression.Key ResultsSixty patients were randomized of whom 53 (88.3%) completed this trial. The complete elimination rate of core symptoms was 26.7% (95% CI 12.3%‐45.9%) in group H and 10.0% (95% CI 2.1%‐26.5%) in group L at week 4 (P = .095). There was a significant difference between H and group L at weeks 8, 12, and 16 (P = .038, .02, and .02). All secondary outcomes were better in group H at all time points. No serious adverse events occurred in either groups.ConclusionsThis trial showed that acupuncture, at 3 sessions per week, tended to improve symptoms and the quality of life among patients with PDS as compared to once a week. Acupuncture treatment for 4 weeks was feasible and safe. A larger sample, multicenter, randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for PDS appears to be justified in the future.
Domestic Violence and Child Mortality in the Developing World
Authors: Rawlings Samantha , Siddique Zahra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe examine the effect of domestic violence on child mortality using Demographic and Health Surveys from thirty‐two developing countries. We first examine conditional associations between violence faced by the mother and child mortality after controlling for observable confounders. Children of (ever) physically victimized mothers are 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 pp more likely to die within thirty days, a year, and five years of being born. We find similar associations when examining violence experienced in the last twelve months, although these are no longer statistically significant. The association is statistically significant, and larger, if the mother experiences violence in the last twelve months often, rather than sometimes. Violence is significantly associated with pregnancy loss, suggesting the true effect on mortality is larger than estimates based on live‐births would suggest. We investigate robustness of associations to omitted variable bias, assessing the role of selection on unobservables to estimate lower bounds on the true effect. These continue to indicate economically meaningful positive effects, suggesting selection on unobservables would need to be 2.4–3 times that of selection on observables to nullify the estimated effect. We provide evidence that maternal smoking and breastfeeding practices are mediators in the relationship between domestic violence and child mortality.
Spatial Inequality in Mortality in France over the Past Two Centuries
Authors: Bonnet Florian , d'Albis Hippolyte 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article analyzes the evolution of spatial inequalities in mortality across 90 French territorial units since 1806. Using a new database, we identify a period from 1881 to 1980 when inequalities rapidly shrank while life expectancy rose. This century of convergence across territories was mainly due to the fall in infant mortality. Since 1980, spatial inequalities have levelled out or occasionally widened, due mainly to differences in life expectancy among the elderly. The geography of mortality also changed radically during the century of convergence. Whereas in the 19th century high mortality occurred mainly in larger cities and along a line from North‐west to South‐east France, it is now concentrated in the North, and Paris and Lyon currently enjoy an urban advantage.
Policy Durability, Agency Capacity, and Executive Unilateralism
Authors: Turner Ian R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, I argue that the need to motivate bureaucrats to invest in high‐quality policy implementation alters the appeal of executive unilateralism. If executive orders are less durable than legislation, then the bureaucracy will have weaker incentives to invest in policy making. This affects presidents’ willingness to compromise and work with Congress to pass legislation, rather than pursue unilateral action. Unilateralism becomes less attractive as bureaucratic capacity increases and as the relative durability of executive orders decreases. I formalize this logic in a simple formal model and discuss fruitful extensions for future work.
Polls and Elections: Beyond Political Capital: Do Social and Economic Capital Matter?
Authors: Yun Hyun Jung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aims to illuminate the importance of social, political, and economic capital in American presidential campaigns and elections. Regarding Donald Trump's unexpected win by national polls and the continued controversy arising out of his particular brand of populism, the study compares Trump's and Clinton's values shared with voters across multidimensional social, political, and economic capital during the 2016 presidential campaigns. Utilizing the capital indexes constructed by the researcher's pilot surveys and the hybrid measure of capital warmth formulated in the proposed model, this study explores voters' open‐ended answers about the Republican Party candidate, Donald Trump, and the Democratic Party candidate, Hillary Clinton, that were collected by the American National Election Studies prior to the 2016 presidential election. The study found that Clinton's political and economic capital resources, especially her political reputation and functional ability, more significantly contributed to her voters' support, voting, and confidence. However, in contrast to Clinton's strength in political capital, Trump cultivated relatively more and stronger social capital that contributed to his voters' support, choice, and voting strength. Trump's social capital overpowered Clinton's political capital and appeared to be a feasible answer for “Trumpism” in the 2016 American presidential election.
Can Charitable Donations Compensate for a Reduction in Government Funding? The Role of Information
Authors: de Wit Arjen , Bekkers René 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAre private donors willing to replace cuts in government funding? The authors conducted a survey experiment (n = 2,458) to examine how information about government funding affected decisions to donate money to a large charitable organization in the Netherlands. Providing information about actual budget cuts increased the number of donors. Most new donors were recruited among respondents who had processed the information correctly, underlining the importance of effective communication. The magnitude of the information effect was stronger for citizens with lower levels of empathic concern, who are less likely to donate but can be converted into donors. The authors conclude that policy information shapes not only attitudes but also civic engagement outside the political sphere.
Programme form and service user well‐being: Linking theory and evidence
Authors: Whitworth Adam , Carter Eleanor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSince the early 1990s, the “activation turn” has become a standard welfare orthodoxy at the heart of international welfare systems. Although policymakers talk confidently about the well‐being gains of activation interventions and their employment outcomes, a growing body of research has focused instead on questions around “activation process well‐being”—the potential well‐being effects of participation in activation programmes themselves. The present article makes three main contributions to the theory, knowledge, and policy practice of this activation well‐being literature. First, the paper develops an original conceptual framework that newly connects well‐being theory, qualitative variation in programmatic form, and empirically testable well‐being expectations for participating service users. Second, the paper uses multivariate statistical analyses to examine six conceptually derived hypotheses around variation in programme forms and implications for participating service users' well‐being, drawing on the case study of U.K. activation policy. Noteworthy is the paper's unique distributional insights into well‐being effects across different types of service users. Third, the paper offers new policy contributions around the relevance of policy form to service user well‐being as well as important pointers to key programme features in this regard.
Less enhancement and low apparent diffusion coefficient value on magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful to detect canine prostate adenocarcinoma in case series
Authors: Tanaka Toshiyuki , Ashida Kazuna , Iimori Yasumasa , Yamazaki Hiroki , Mie Keiichiro , Nishida Hidetaka , Akiyoshi Hideo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn dogs, diagnosis of prostate cancer is often delayed because clinical signs are not pathognomonic. Although ultrasonography is mainly performed to detect prostate cancer, the ultrasonographic appearance is not specific. In humans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) is used to localize the prostate tumour. To our knowledge, there are no studies of MRI findings for detecting or localizing prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess MRI findings of prostate cancer. As a control, three prostate hyperplasia cases were included. MRI data were analysed, and the following parameters were noted: signal intensity (SI) of prostate lesion on T2‐weighted imaging, T1‐weighted imaging and DWI, enhancement pattern of prostate lesion, and relative contrast enhancement indices (RCEI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of prostate lesion. For MRI examination, the mean RCEI of the adenocarcinoma was significantly lower than that of hyperplasia (P = .01, r = .8). The SI of the DWI of adenocarcinoma was significantly higher compared to hyperplasia (P = .03, φ = 1). The mean ADC values of the adenocarcinoma were significantly lower than that of hyperplasia (P = .03, r = .82). Thus, less enhancement on MRI, and low ADC value on MRI may help to detect prostate adenocarcinoma.
Herbert R. Lissner: The Father of Impact Biomechanics
Authors: King Albert I. , Grimm Michele J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Professor Herbert R. Lissner was a pioneer in impact biomechanics, having initiated research on the injury mechanisms, mechanical response, and human tolerance of the human brain to blunt impact 80 years ago—in 1939. This paper summarizes the contributions made by Professor Lissner in head injury as well as in the many areas of impact biomechanics in which he was involved. In 1977, the Bioengineering Division of ASME established the H. R. Lissner Award to recognize outstanding career achievements in the area of biomechanics. In 1987, this award was converted to a society-wide Medal, and to date it has been awarded to 44 exemplary researchers and educators. The lead author of this paper was Professor Lissner's first and only Ph.D. student, and he offers a unique insight into his research and contributions.
Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer From Elliptic Tube Immersed in a Fluidized Bed
Authors: Mohammad M. A. , Sakr R. Y. , Abd-Rabbo M. A. , Mandour M. M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Heat transfer characteristics around an elliptic heated tube immersed in fluidized bed were studied experimentally. Experiments were carried out under uniform heat flux condition, with air as a fluidizing gas and pulverized coal as a bed material of Geldart D. An elliptic tube was heated by using a cartridge heater of 16 mm outer diameter (OD) and 200 mm length. The heated tube had a total surface area of As ≈ 0.015 m2 and a length of 200 mm. The local as well as average heat transfer coefficients were calculated at different superficial air velocities, particle sizes of 2, 4, and 6 mm, and a static bed height of 250 mm. Various values of fluidization number, Usup/Umf, based on hydraulic diameter of the heated tube are utilized in the experiments which are ranged from 1 to 1.4. The results showed that the minimum fluidization velocity increased with the increase in bed particles diameter. The local Nusselt number was quasi-uniform and having a maximum value at the sides of the heated tube and minimum at the stagnation, θ = 0 deg, and top, θ = 180 deg, of the tube. The local and average Nusselt numbers increase with the increase of the fluidization velocity and decrease in particle diameter. A correlation equation for the average Nusselt number with the fluidization number and tube to particle diameter ratio is deduced.
Exploring Movement Learning in Physical Education Using a Threshold Approach
Authors: Barker Dean , Nyberg Gunn , Larsson Hakan 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To describe student learning when physical education teacher and students attempted to develop movement capability. Methods: The study reports on the implementation of a 10-lesson pedagogical sequence. Data were generated using observations, interviews, and student diaries with one grade 9 class (26 students aged approximately 15 years) as they developed juggling capabilities. Data were analyzed using the notion of corporeal thresholds. Results: Results show that (a) a “throw–throw–catch–catch” pattern emerged as a corporeal threshold for juggling within the sequence; (b) most learners had crossed the threshold at the outset and were able to experiment with different forms of juggling during the sequence; (c) some students crossed the threshold during the sequence. These students experienced liminal phases, characterized by frustration and an initial feeling that they were juggling in the “wrong” way; and (d) some learners became stuck, pretended to know what to do, and did not cross the threshold during the 10 lessons. Discussion/Conclusion: Three issues related to the threshold approach are discussed: student identity and group membership, the process of learning, and the emotional dimensions of movement learning. This study is concluded with reflections on the implications of the results for scholarship.