bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migratory divides coincide with reproductive barriers across replicated avian hybrid zones above the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Scordato Elizabeth S. C. , Smith Chris C. R. , Semenov Georgy A. , Liu Yu , Wilkins Matthew R. , Liang Wei , Rubtsov Alexander , Sundev Gomboobaatar , Koyama Kazuo , Turbek Sheela P. , Wunder Michael B. , Stricker Craig A. , Safran Rebecca J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMigratory divides are proposed to be catalysts for speciation across a diversity of taxa. However, it is difficult to test the relative contributions of migratory behaviour vs. other divergent traits to reproductive isolation. Comparing hybrid zones with and without migratory divides offers a rare opportunity to directly examine the contribution of divergent migratory behaviour to reproductive barriers. We show that across replicate sampling transects of two pairs of barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) subspecies, strong reproductive isolation coincided with a migratory divide spanning 20 degrees of latitude. A third subspecies pair exhibited no evidence for a migratory divide and hybridised extensively. Within migratory divides, overwintering habitats were associated with assortative mating, implicating a central contribution of divergent migratory behaviour to reproductive barriers. The remarkable geographic coincidence between migratory divides and genetic breaks supports a long‐standing hypothesis that the Tibetan Plateau is a substantial barrier contributing to the diversity of Siberian avifauna.
The probability of seizures during continuous EEG monitoring in high‐risk neonates
Authors: Worden Lila T. , Chinappen Dhinakaran M. , Stoyell Sally M. , Gold Jacquelyn , Paixao Luis , Krishnamoorthy Kalpathy , Kramer Mark A. , Westover Michael B. , Chu Catherine J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated the impact of monitoring indication, early electroencephalography (EEG), and clinical features on seizure risk in all neonates undergoing continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring following a standardized monitoring protocol.MethodsAll cEEGs from unique neonates 34‐48 weeks postmenstrual age monitored from 1/2011‐10/2017 (n = 291) were included. We evaluated the impact of cEEG monitoring indication (acute neonatal encephalopathy [ANE], suspicious clinical events [SCEs], or other high‐risk conditions [OHRs]), age, medication status, and early EEG abnormalities (including the presence of epileptiform discharges and abnormal background continuity, amplitude, asymmetry, asynchrony, excessive sharp transients, and burst suppression) on time to first seizure and overall seizure risk using Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsSeizures occurred in 28% of high‐risk neonates. Discontinuation of monitoring after 24 hours of seizure‐freedom would have missed 8.5% of neonates with seizures. Overall seizure risk was lower in neonates monitored for ANE compared to OHR (P = .004) and trended lower compared to SCE (P = .097). The time course of seizure presentation varied by group, where the probability of future seizure was less than 1% after 17 hours of seizure‐free monitoring in the SCE group, but required 42 hours in the OHR group, and 73 hours in the ANE group. The presence of early epileptiform discharges increased seizure risk in each group (ANE: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23‐15.13, P = .022; SCE: aHR 10.95, 95% CI 4.77‐25.14, P < 1e‐07; OHR: aHR 56.90, 95% CI 10.32‐313.72, P < 1e‐05).SignificanceNeonates who undergo cEEG are at high risk for seizures, and risk varies by monitoring indication and early EEG findings. Seizures are captured in nearly all neonates undergoing monitoring for SCE within 24 hours of cEEG monitoring. Neonates monitored for OHR and ANE can present with delayed seizures and require longer durations of monitoring. Early epileptiform discharges are the best early EEG feature to predict seizure risk.
Nationwide survey on activities of regional core centers for the management of liver disease in Japan: Cumulative analyses by the Hepatitis Information Center 2009–2017
Authors: Setoyama Hiroko , Korenaga Masaaki , Kitayama Yuko , Oza Noriko , Masaki Naohiko , Kanto Tatsuya 
Published: November 2019

AimRegional core centers for the management of liver disease, which are located in every prefecture in Japan, not only take the lead in hepatitis care in their respective regions, but also serve a wide range of other functions, such as education, promotion of hepatitis testing, treatment, and research.MethodSince fiscal year 2010, the Hepatitis Information Center has conducted surveys of regional core centers throughout Japan regarding information about their facilities, programs for patient support, training, and education of medical personnel.ResultsBy compiling and analyzing the results of these surveys, we have elucidated the status of regional core centers and the issues they currently have. We found that regional core centers have come to play widely varied roles in hepatitis treatment and have expanded their programs. These surveys also suggest that uniform accessibility of hepatitis treatment has been implemented throughout Japan.ConclusionTo continue serving their diverse roles, regional core centers require further development of hepatitis care networks that include specialized institutions, primary care physicians, and local and central governments; as well as collaboration with other professions and groups.
The impact of an adult intellectual disability screening questionnaire on service providers and users
Authors: McKenzie Karen , Murray George , Murray Aja , Martin Rachel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundOne contributor to the health inequalities that people with an intellectual disability face is failure to identify their intellectual disability. The Learning Disability Screening Questionnaire (LDSQ) can identify adults who are likely to have an intellectual disability, but little is known about its impact.MethodsA modified Delphi approach (literature search, interviews with staff and those using services [n = 28], and completion of an online survey by professionals [n = 29]) was used to develop a framework to evaluate the impact of the LDSQ.ResultsItems endorsed by 60% or more of respondents (9/18) were included in the final framework. These all related to benefits of the LDSQ, including identifying people not previously known to have an intellectual disability; helping prioritize diagnostic assessment; informing support needs; and helping increase wellbeing and life chances.ConclusionThe LDSQ may offer one way of helping address the health inequalities that people with an intellectual disability face.
Egg load is a cue for offspring sex ratio adjustment in a fig‐pollinating wasp with male‐eggs‐first sex allocation
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Wei , Dunn Derek W. , Wang Rui Wu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFig‐pollinating wasps (Agaonidae) only reproduce within fig tree inflorescences (figs). Agaonid offspring sex ratios are usually female‐biased and often concur with local mate competition theory (LMC). LMC predicts less female‐bias when several foundresses reproduce in a fig due to reduced relatedness among intra‐sexually competing male offspring. Clutch size, the offspring produced by each foundress, is a strong predictor of agaonid sex ratios and correlates negatively with foundress number. However, clutch size variation can result from several processes including egg load (eggs within a foundress), competition among foundresses and oviposition site limitation, each of which can be used as a sex allocation cue. We introduced into individual Ficus racemosa figs single Ceratosolen fusciceps foundresses and allowed each to oviposit from zero to five hours thus variably reducing their eggs‐loads and then introduced each wasp individually into a second fig. Offspring sex ratio (proportion males) in second figs correlated negatively with clutch size, with males produced even in very small clutches. Ceratosolen fusciceps lay mainly male eggs first and then female eggs. Our results demonstrate that foundresses do not generally lay or attempt to lay a ‘fixed’ number of males, but do ‘reset to zero’ their sex allocation strategy on entering a second fig. With decreasing clutch size, gall failure increased, probably due to reduced pollen. We conclude that C. fusciceps foundresses can use their own egg loads as a cue to facultatively adjust their offspring sex ratios and that foundresses may also produce more ‘insurance’ males when they can predict increasing rates of offspring mortality.
The effects of self‐performance management video program on patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Cho Hyeyoung , Park Sunghee 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThis study attempted to investigate the effects of a self‐performance management video program using a tablet PC on self‐care knowledge, self‐care behavior, state anxiety and physiological index in patients receiving hemodialysis.MethodsThis study was an experimental research design. The participants of this study were 46 patients who were diagnosed with end‐stage renal failure and received hemodialysis on a regular basis in kidney centers (23: experimental group, 23: control group). The data collection period was from November 24, 2016 to January 3, 2017. The program was designed and organized by the researchers of this study according to previous studies consisting of six categories in a total 70‐min video program. The contents of the self‐performance management program were stored on the tablet PC, so that the patients were self‐led. All the patients who participated in the program were asked to complete three categories in a week. Therefore, it took 2 weeks to complete all contents of the six categories. After that, the patients were asked to repeat the 2‐week course twice. Therefore, the program was carried out for a total of 6 weeks. For the control group, a pamphlet was used.ResultsThe anxiety of the experimental group was significantly decreased compared to the control group. Among the physiological index, potassium and albumin levels were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe self‐performance management video program using a tablet PC developed in this study seems to be applicable to patients receiving hemodialysis who need anxiety and physiological index management.
Dystopia, Utopia, Atopia
Authors: Hollywood Amy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the face of contemporary critiques of dystopia as engendering political hopelessness and apathy, this article explores the instability of the category of itself. Bringing together work by the German jurist and political philosopher, Carl Schmitt, and the American ex‐patriot poet, H.D., I show that each engages in thought experiments that might be taken as dystopic, but just as easily as utopic – and hence, as refusing the sharp contrast on which these generic distinctions are made. Schmitt and H.D. also bring into play issues central to the work of the contemporary U.S. poet, Susan Howe, with which I close. Howe’s poetry and essays, particularly in The Nonconformist Memorial, lead me to posit the usefulness of the idea of atopia, a thinking of the past, present, and future in which the alpha privative points to a more radical kind of “no place” than that first posited by Thomas More’s utopia. At the center of my argument is the idea that literature – and other works of the imagination – may be the necessary non‐place, or place without the limitations of place, for thinking pasts and futures that are literally uninhabitable (as much as I may try, I can’t actually live in a book) – and yet whose psychic, imaginative, intellectual, and affective existence is vital for human life.
A YajQ‐LysR‐like, cyclic di‐GMP‐dependent system regulating biosynthesis of an antifungal antibiotic in a crop‐protecting bacterium, Lysobacter enzymogenes
Authors: Han Sen , Shen Danyu , Wang Yu‐Chuan , Chou Shan‐Ho , Gomelsky Mark , Gao Yong‐Gui , Qian Guoliang 
Published: November 2019

SummaryYajQ, a binding protein of the universal bacterial second messenger cyclic di‐GMP (c‐di‐GMP), affects virulence in several bacterial pathogens, including Xanthomonas campestris. In this bacterium, YajQ interacts with the transcription factor LysR. Upon c‐di‐GMP binding, the whole c‐di‐GMP‐YajQ‐LysR complex is found to dissociate from DNA, resulting in virulence gene regulation. Here, we identify a YajQ‐LysR‐like system in the bacterial biocontrol agent Lysobacter enzymogenes OH11 that secretes an antifungal antibiotic, heat‐stable antifungal factor (HSAF) against crop fungal pathogens. We show that the YajQ homologue, CdgL (c‐di‐GMP receptor interacting with LysR) affects expression of the HSAF biosynthesis operon by interacting with the transcription activator LysR. The CdgL‐LysR interaction enhances the apparent affinity of LysR to the promoter region upstream of the HSAF biosynthesis operon, which increases operon expression. Unlike the homologues CdgL (YajQ)‐LysR system in X. campestris, we show that c‐di‐GMP binding to CdgL seems to weaken CdgL‐LysR interactions and promote the release of CdgL from the LysR‐DNA complex, which leads to decreased expression. Together, this study takes the YajQ‐LysR‐like system from bacterial pathogens to a crop‐protecting bacterium that is able to regulate antifungal HSAF biosynthesis via disassembly of the c‐di‐GMP receptor–transcription activator complex.
New Zealand's small town transition: The experience of demographic and economic change and place based responses
Authors: Nel Etienne , Connelly Sean , Stevenson Teresa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA significant percentage of the smaller urban centres around the world are losing people which raises questions regarding the appropriate responses to this challenge. Responses from the state have generally been muted, and as a result, concepts of new localism and new regionalism are useful for understanding the role played by place‐based leadership and partnerships between local businesses, community groups and individuals. Key within this space is the role of endogenous responses anchored on local social capital and resilience. This paper overviews key themes in the literature before examining statistical evidence of small town growth, stabilisation or decline in New Zealand. This leads into an examination of how three small towns in the country are responding to demographic and economic change. The cases illustrate the importance of local‐led responses to the debilitating effects of change and the degree to which place based development can be critical in the context of coping with change in small towns. The paper further argues that “right‐sizing” to a new economic and demographic reality may be the appropriate focus of local attention.
Anthropocene dwelling: Lessons from post‐disaster Christchurch
Authors: Westgate Justin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article takes circumstances of post‐quake Christchurch as an analogue for Anthropocene emergency. I argue that Christchurch events are more than a reminder of the Earth's geologic volatility; for the Anthropocene‐as‐disaster, it is a prompt to contemplate what it is to dwell on unstable ground. Urban locations—towns, cities, mega‐cities—are all rendered vulnerable on the surface of an unruly planet, offering no absolute refuge from planetary fluctuations. Such unsettling is deeply felt, physically and psychologically, resulting in homelessness both literal and figurative. Ensuing analysis offers insight into potential strategies for unsettled planetary dwelling to come.
Identification of the complement 9‐binding protein in Setaria equina excretory‐secretory products
Authors: Abdel‐Latif Mahmoud 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe current study aimed to detect the complement‐binding proteins in the excretory‐secretory (ES) products of adult filarial parasite Setaria equina (SeqES). Tests for complement activation pathways (CH50 and APH50) in normal human serum (NHS) after incubation with SeqES were performed. Quantitative detection of complement activation products like C3d and sC5b‐9 by ELISA in inulin‐activated NHS before and after addition of SeqES was estimated. Immunoblotting for 1D and 2D electrophoresed SeqES were performed for detection of C9‐binding protein. MALDI mass sequencing and multiple sequence alignment were performed for identification of the protein. The results showed an inhibitory effect of SeqES for complement activation pathways. This was confirmed by an obvious reduction in C3d and sC5b‐9 in inulin‐activated NHS. Immunoblotting showed the reaction of a protein at 21 kDa with human C9. The latter protein was identified as OV‐16 based on MALDI mass sequencing and multiple sequence alignment. In conclusion, S equina OV‐16 is the complement regulatory protein by its ability to bind C9 and inhibit the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation. This protein can be used as a target for therapeutic treatment or as an anti‐inflammatory agent in human diseases.
Treatment of prolapsed gland and cartilage deformity of the nictitating membrane with pocket technique and chondrectomy alone, or combined with a wedge conjunctivectomy: 132 dogs (1998‐2018)
Authors: Michel Julien , Lazard Patrick , Vigan Marie , Albaric Olivier 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the results obtained using Morgan pocket technique and chondrectomy (MPTC) alone, or combined with a wedge conjunctivectomy (MPTC + WC) for the treatment of prolapsed gland associated with cartilage deformity of the nictitating membrane (PGCD) in dogs.ProcedureMedical records of dogs diagnosed with PGCD that received a MPTC or MPTC + WC were reviewed between 1998 and 2018. Success rate was defined by lack of recurrence of the prolapsed gland with a minimum of 6 months follow‐up. Histological examination of the excised cartilage was performed in 13 eyes.ResultsA total of 132 dogs (181 eyes) met the inclusion criteria. Median follow‐up time was 25 months (range, 6‐166 months). MPTC was used in 131 eyes with 91.6% success rate. MPTC + WC was used in 50 eyes with 100% success rate. Postoperative complications occurred in 6.9% and 4%, respectively, for MPTC and MPTC + WC, including lacrimal cysts (8 eyes) or corneal erosion (3 eyes). Recurrence and complications rates were significantly lower using MPTC + WC compared with MPTC in the giant breed dogs (P = .019 andP = .002, respectively), but not in the overall study population (P = .328 andP = .290, respectively). Histological cartilage anomalies were noted in 2/13 specimens from chronic PGCD.ConclusionsMPTC + WC offers a good therapeutic option for giant breed dogs with PGCD. The combined technique provides a good apposition and mobility of the nictitating membrane onto the ocular surface and potentially reduces the risk of recurrence in these giant canine breeds.
Calculation of Gear Meshing Stiffness Considering Lubrication
Authors: Cheng Gong , Xiao Ke , Wang Jiaxu , Pu Wei , Han Yanfeng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gear meshing stiffness is the key parameter to study the gear dynamic performance. However, the study on the calculation of gear meshing stiffness considering lubrication, especially mixed lubrication, is still insufficient. Based on the three-dimensional linear contact mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication model and the contact stiffness calculation method of rough surface, a method for calculating the gear meshing stiffness under mixed lubrication is proposed in this paper. According to the proposed calculation method, the effects of speed, external load, and roughness amplitude on gear meshing stiffness are further explored. The method can take into account the real rough surface topography and lubrication in the meshing process, so it may be more advantageous than the conventional method to some extent.
Jet Impingement Heat Transfer Enhancement by U-Shaped Crossflow Diverters
Authors: Madhavan Srivatsan , Ramakrishnan Kishore Ranganath , Singh Prashant , Ekkad Srinath 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArray-jet impingement is typically used in gas turbine blade near-wall cooling, where high rates of heat dissipation is required. The accumulated crossflow mass flux results in significant reduction in jet effectiveness in the downstream rows, leading to reduced cooling performance. In this paper, a jet impingement system equipped with U-shaped ribs (hereafter referred as “diverter”) was used for diverting the crossflow away from the jets emanating from the nozzle plate. To this end, a baseline configuration of array-jet impingement onto smooth target surface is considered, where the normalized jet-to-jet spacing (x/dj = y/dj) was 6 and the normalized jet-to-target spacing (z/dj) was 2. Crossflow diverters with thickness t of 1.5875 mm and height h of 2dj (= z) were installed at a distance of 2dj from the respective jet centers. Detailed heat transfer coefficients have been calculated through transient liquid crystal experiments carried out over Reynolds numbers ranging from 3500 to 12,000. It has been observed that crossflow diverters protect the downstream jets from upstream jet deflection, thereby maximizing their stagnation cooling potential. An average of 15–30% enhancement in Nusselt number is obtained over the flow range tested. This benefit in heat transfer came at a cost of increased pumping power to maintain similar flow rate in the system. At a given pumping power, crossflow diverters yielded an enhancement of 9–15% in heat transfer compared with the baseline case.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Isolates Recovered from an Inner-City Population Demonstrates the Predominance of a Single Molecular Strain
Authors: Chorlton Samuel D. , Ritchie Gordon , Lawson Tanya , Romney Marc G. , Lowe Christopher F. 
Published: November 2019

In some parts of the world,
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
has reemerged as a pathogen, especially as a cause of infections among impoverished and marginalized populations. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on all cutaneous
C. diphtheriae
isolates (
n
= 56) from Vancouver’s inner-city population over a 3-year time period (2015 to 2018).
The effect of human platelet lysate on corneal nerve regeneration
Authors: Huang Chin-Te , Chu Hsiao-Sang , Hung Kuo-Chi , Chen Lily Wei , Chen Mei-Yun , Hu Fung-Rong , Chen Wei-Li 
Published: November 2019

AimThis study aimed to test whether human platelet lysate (HPL) has neurotrophic ability for corneal nerve regeneration.MethodsWe measured the neurotrophic factors in human peripheral serum (HPS) and two commercially available HPLs, UltraGRO and PLTMax. In vitro, we compared the growth rates, neuronal differentiation and immunostaining of neuron markers in mouse neuroblastoma cell line (Neuro-2a) and primary culture of mouse trigeminal ganglion cells that were cultivated in different concentrations of fetal bovine serum, HPS and HPL. In vivo, we created corneal wounds on Sprague Dawley rats with a rotating burr and evaluated the effects of topical HPL on wound healing and corneal nerve regeneration by in vivo confocal microscopy and corneal aesthesiometry.ResultsHPLs had significantly higher concentrations of various neurotrophic factors compared with HPS (p<0.05). In Neuro-2a cells, 3% HPL was better at promoting neuronal growth and differentiation compared with HPS at the same concentration. HPL was also found to have superior neurotrophic effects compared with HPS in primary cultures of mouse trigeminal ganglion cells. In vivo, HPL-treated eyes had better corneal epithelial wound healing rate, nerve regeneration length and corneal touch threshold compared with eyes treated with artificial tears (p<0.05).ConclusionHPL has significantly higher concentrations of neurotrophic factors compared with HPS. It showed not only in vitro but also in vivo corneal neurotrophic abilities. Our results suggest that HPL may have a potential role in the treatment of diseases related to corneal nerve damage or degeneration.