bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between severe sarcopenic obesity and respiratory incidence and mortality: an obesity paradox.
Authors: Petermann-Rocha Fanny , Gray Stuart R. , Pell Jill P. , Celis-Morales Carlos 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionObesity remains one of the biggest health challenges worldwide. Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of muscle strength, is associated with a higher risk of disability and lower quality of life. Both conditions can occur independently of each other; however, share a common inflammatory pathway, leading to serious health problems. Previous studies have shown a positive association between severe sarcopenia and respiratory disease incidence/mortality, however, it is unclear if this association is modified by obesity. The aim of this work, therefore, was to investigate the association of severe sarcopenia and severe sarcopenic-obesity with respiratory incidence and mortality in the UK Biobank cohort.Material and methods242,572 white participants from the UK biobank study were included. Severe sarcopenia was defined as the combination of low muscle mass, low grip strength and slow gait speed. Severe sarcopenic-obesity was defined, using 3 different criteria. The combination of severe sarcopenia plus at least one of the following criteria: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, waist circumference (WC) > 88 cm in women and > 102 cm in men, or the two highest quintiles of body fat (60%). Associations between severe sarcopenic and severe sarcopenic-obesity and respiratory incidence and mortality were investigated using Cox-proportional hazard models.ResultsIn people without sarcopenia, high BMI, WC and body fat were associated with a reduced risk of respiratory disease mortality (HR: 0.70 [0.52; 0.85], HR: 0.74 [95%CI: 062: 088] and HR: 0.74 [95%CI: 0.63; 0.88], respectively). In comparison to people without sarcopenia or obesity, those with severe sarcopenia had three times higher risk of respiratory disease incidence (HR: 3.13 [95%CI: 2.25; 4.35]) and five times higher risk of mortality (HR: 5.37 [95%CI: 2.96: 9.74]). However, sarcopenic-obesity, based on WC and body fat, was only associated with a moderately increased respiratory disease incidence (HR 1.60 [95%CI: 1.04; 2.46] and HR: 1.52 [1.04: 2.22], respectively). There were no associations between respiratory mortality and sarcopenic-obesity.DiscussionHigher levels of adiposity may be a protective factor against respiratory mortality and could reduce the effect of severe sarcopenia over this disease. However, the mechanism behind this association needs to elucidate.
The associations of major foods and fibre with risk of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke: results from the prospective EPIC study.
Authors: Tong Tammy Y.N. , Appleby Paul N. , Key Timothy J. , Perez-Cornago Aurora 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe evidence of associations between individual foods and dietary fibre with subtypes of stroke (ischaemic and haemorrhagic) is not conclusive. We aimed to investigate this in a large prospective cohort.Materials and methodsWe analysed data on 418,329 men and women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Consumption of various animal-sourced foods (red and processed meat, poultry, fish, dairy, egg), plant-sourced foods (fruit and vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds) and dietary fibre was assessed using validated country-specific questionnaires, calibrated with 24-hour recalls. Using multivariable Cox regressions adjusted for energy intake and socio-demographic, lifestyle and physiological confounders, we estimated hazard ratios of fatal and non-fatal ischaemic, haemorrhagic and total (i.e. ischaemic, haemorrhagic and unspecified) stroke associated with calibrated increment differences in consumption of each food or dietary fibre.ResultsOver an average of 12.7 years of follow-up, we observed 4281 cases of ischaemic stroke, 1430 cases of haemorrhagic stroke, and 7378 cases of total stroke. For ischaemic stroke, lower risks were observed with higher consumption of fruit and vegetables (hazard ratio (HR); 95% confidence interval (CI) for per 200g/d of calibrated intake, 0.87; 0.82–0.93) and dietary fibre (per 10g/d, HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.69–0.86) (p-trend < 0.001 for both); more modest inverse associations were also observed for milk (per 200g/d, HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–0.99, p-trend = 0.02), yogurt (per 100g/d, HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.85–0.97, p-trend = 0.004) and cheese (per 30g/d, HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.81–0.97, p-trend = 0.008), while a modest positive association was observed with higher red meat consumption (per 50g/d, HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.02–1.27, p-trend = 0.02). For haemorrhagic stroke, higher risk was associated with higher egg consumption (per 20g/d, HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.09–1.43, p-trend = 0.002). For total stroke, associations were consistent with those of both subtypes; we observed inverse associations for fruit and vegetables (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.85–0.93), dietary fibre (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.74–0.86), yogurt (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87–0.96), cheese (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.94), and positive associations for red and processed meat (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.33) and egg (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14).DiscussionTo conclude, risk of ischaemic stroke was inversely associated with consumption of fruit and vegetables, dietary fibre and dairy foods, and positively associated with red meat, while risk of haemorrhagic stroke was positively associated with egg consumption. Causality of the associations cannot be determined in this observational study.
Vitamin K-biofortification of eggs: effect on egg quality and hen performance parameters
Authors: O'Sullivan Siobhan , Hull George , Danaher Martin , Ball Elizabeth , Cashman Kevin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVitamin K has important physiological functions which relate to blood coagulation (its classical role), bone health, inhibition of arterial calcification, as well as anti-inflammatory effects. National nutrition survey data have shown that over half of all adults in Ireland and the UK have low vitamin K1 intakes (£1 μg/kg body weight/d). Vitamin K biofortification of food may be an important complementary food-based approach for improving vitamin K intakes. Our study aimed to explore the feasibility of producing vitamin K-biofortified eggs via increasing the vitamin K3 content of the hen diet, and to examine any effects on hen performance and egg/eggshell quality parameters. A 12-week hen feeding trial was conducted in the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK. Hyline chickens (n = 128) were randomized into 4 treatment (T) groups (n = 32 hens/group) and fed diets containing 3 (T1-industry standard), 12.9 (T2), 23.7 (T3) and 45.7 (T4) mg vitamin K3/kg of feed. Hens were provided feed ad libitum and feed intake was recorded weekly. Eggs were collected daily and weighed. While egg quality and vitamin K content was assessed at week 0, 4, 6, 8 and 12, the trial endpoint (week 12) data was prioritized for the current analysis. Total vitamin K content (i.e., vitamin K1 plus menaquinone (MK)-4 and MK-7) of composite samples (n = 12 eggs/treatment), measured using a novel, sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method at Teagasc, increased from 22.4 μg/100 g (whole egg) in T1 (control and commercial level of vitamin K3) to 57.8 μg/100 g in T4. MK-4 was the most abundant form of vitamin K found in the eggs. Eggshell weight and eggshell thickness in T2 and T3 (but not T4) were significantly higher than in T1 (by 20–28%, P < 0.05). Likewise, based on colourimetric assessment, yellowness (parameter b*) of the egg yolk in all three biofortified groups was significantly higher compared to T1 (by 27–45%, P < 0.05). Haugh unit of the eggs and hen performance parameters, such as feed intake, feed conversion ratio and egg production, were unaffected by vitamin K-biofortification. In conclusion, increasing the level of addition of vitamin K3 to hen feed significantly increased the total vitamin K content of eggs, and without any evidence of negative effects on egg quality or hen performance. Consumption of an average sized (60 g) vitamin K-biofortified egg could contribute an additional 35 μg total vitamin K. The effects on eggshell parameters could be of importance in terms of revenue loss due to breakages.
Wild strawberry polyphenols exhibit gut-protective bioactivity following in vivo digestion
Authors: Gill Chris , Latimer Cheryl , Ternan Nigel , Pourshahidi Kirsty , Fontana Massimilano , Lawther Roger , O'Connor Gloria , Conterno Lorenzo , Fava Francesca , Tuohy Kieran 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBerries are one of the most commonly consumed sources of bioactive polyphenols and these compounds may exert protective effects against initiation of colorectal cancer (CRC) by reducing DNA damage. The inverse correlation between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of CRC is well established, hence the role of berry derived bioactive phytochemicals in promotion of gut health is of interest. Ileostomy studies provide a unique insight into food digestion, allowing identification of physiologically relevant dietary phytochemicals and their metabolites. Here, we hypothesised that physiologically relevant levels of Italian wild strawberry metabolites exiting the ileum would be both bioavailable and would in turn exert positive effects on gut health markers.Five ileostomists completed a wild strawberry feeding study (11/NI/0112), ileal fluid was collected pre (0 h) and post (8 h) consumption of strawberries (225 g) and assessed for phytochemical composition by LCMSn. We simulated the interaction of the ileal fluids with colonic microbiota over a 24 h period (0, 5,10, 24 hr) using in vitro gut fermenter models. Nutri-kinetic analysis using LCMSn demonstrated significant increases in the concentration of gut microbiota-mediated polyphenolic metabolites over time, including 3-(4hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid and urolithin A. While changes in the bacterial composition of the gut fermenter model(s) were monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridisation analysis (FISH) with validated probes for Total bacteria, Bifidobacterium genus, Clostridium histolyticum/perfringens group, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale group, Bacteroides, Lactobacilli and Enterobacteria; limited changes were observed.Bioactivity of the post-berry consumption ileal fermentates was assessed on two colonocyte cell lines (HT29 and CCD841 CON (normal)) using the oxidative challenge COMET assay. Post-berry ileal fermentate (24 h) from all five ileostomists significantly (p < 0.01) decreased DNA damage (expressed as %Tail DNA) in both HT29 cells (~45%) and CCD841 cells (~25%) compared to untreated controls.To conclude, strawberry phytochemicals were available for colonic fermentation following ileal digestion and human microbiota-mediated fermentation which subsequently increased overall levels of polyphenolic metabolites, the post berry fermentates were demonstrated to reduce DNA damage in colonocytes.
Cytokines and adipokines in db / db mice after sweetener consumption
Authors: Valdes-Ramos Roxana , Martinez-Carrillo Beatriz Elina , Gutierrez-Pliego Laura Elisa , Escoto-Herrera Jorge Alberto , Mondragon-Velazquez Talia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractType 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic diseases with very high morbidity and mortality worldwide; associated with obesity and hypertension and representing at least 90% of all cases of diabetes. It is characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and a deterioration in its secretion by the pancreatic β-cell. The control and treatment of these patients is a low-carbohydrate diet, for which non-nutritive sweeteners such as sucralose and stevia are being used, maintaining the sweet taste. It is known that these sweeteners are harmless, but the results so far are still controversial. To identify alterations in the secretion of cytokines and adipokines in db/db mice with consumption of sweeteners. We conducted a randomized, controlled study, with 24 eight week-old male db/db mice. They were divided into 4 groups: a) Control (CL), b) Sucrose (SUC), c) Sucralose (SUCL) and c) Stevia (ST). The animals were fed a normal diet and water ad libitum. The sweeteners were administered for 8 weeks diluted in purified water at 41.66 mg/mL of Sucrose and 4.16 mg/mL of Sucralose or Stevia. Blood glucose was quantified daily; water consumption with and without sweetener, food, and BMI, were quantified weekly. The concentration of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, INF-γ, TGF-β and TNF-α, insulin, adiponectin, resistin and peptide-C in plasma were determined by luminometry. Glucose was found increased at the end of 8 weeks in the SUC group, compared to CL. They consumed more food, water with and without sweetener in the SUC group (p < 0.001), compared with the controls. BMI was higher in the SUC group, compared with the ST group (p < 0.019). ST decreased the secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, INF-γ and TNF-α, adiponectin and insulin (p < 0.001), but it increased TGF-β, without modifications in resistin (p < 0.051). On the other hand, SUC decreased the secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, INF-γ, TNF-α, adiponectin, insulin and C-peptide (p < 0.028), but increased IL-6, IL-17 and resistin (p < 0.001), without modifications in TGF-β. Sucralose is a non-nutritive sweetener that caused an increase in the BMI of db/db mice, this because it increased the consumption of food. It also modified the secretion of adipokines; while Stevia decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, INF-γ and TNF-α. Our results suggest that sweetener consumption may alter the inflammatory profile and the production of adipokines in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Weight loss at your fingertips – personalized nutrition using fasting glucose and insulin
Authors: Ritz Christian , Astrup Arne , Larsen Thomas M. , Hjorth Mads F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionPrecision medicine is changing the way people are diagnosed and treated into a more personalized approach. In medical research, several statistical methods have been proposed for estimating personalized treatment effects. However, in nutritional science these methods have hardly been used. By re-evaluation of pre-treatment biomarker data, we demonstrate how two diets cause differential weight loss depending on pre-treatment fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FI) levels.Materials and MethodsOverweight people with increased waist circumference were randomly assigned to receive an ad libitum New Nordic Diet (NND) high in dietary fiber and whole grain or an Average Danish (Western) Diet (ADD) for 26 weeks. All foods were provided free of charge. Body weight was measured throughout the study and blood was drawn before randomization from where FPG and FI were analyzed. Weight was described by linear mixed models including biomarker-diet group interactions, covariate adjustment, and participant-specific random effects. Personalized predictions of additional weight loss from NND compared to ADD given specific values of FPG or FI were estimated as contrasts of intercepts and slopes obtained from the biomarker-diet group interaction term.ResultsBaseline FPG predicted a 3.00 (1.18;4.83, n = 181, P = 0.001) kg larger weight loss per mmol/L from choosing NND over ADD. For instance, a baseline FPG level of 4.7 mmol/L would lead to an average of 1.42 kg larger weight loss on NND vs. ADD (above 0.41 kg with 95% certainty), whereas the average effect size would be 8.33 kg (above 5.50 kg with 95% certainty) among subjects with FPG level of 7.0 mmol/L. Among individuals with FPG < 5.6 mmol/L, each pmol/L lower baseline FI predicted a 0.039 (95% CI 0.017;0.061, n = 143, P < 0.001) kg larger weight loss from choosing NND over ADD. For instance, a baseline FI level of 25 pmol/L would lead to an average larger weight loss of 4.10 kg on NND vs. ADD (> 2.51 kg with 99% certainty). Likewise, a baseline FI level of 75 pmol/L would result in an average effect size of 2.15 kg (> 1.11 kg with 99% certainty).DiscussionUse of pre-treatment FPG and FI led to truly individualized predictions of treatment effect of introducing more fiber and whole grain in the diet on weight loss, ranging from almost no effect to losing more than 8 kg. These findings tentatively suggest that re-evaluation of data from existing randomized controlled trials through suitable statistical methods may have a great potential.
A new way to diagnose and treat type 2 diabetics studied in a primary care setting
Authors: Pasman Wilrike , de Hoogh Iris , Boorsma André , Wopereis Suzan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractType 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease diagnosed based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG). A FPG > 6.9 mmol/L may result in the diagnosis of T2D by the general physician (GP) and result in general lifestyle advice to eat less and be more physically active. Because T2D can have different causes by the failure of one or multiple organs (especially pancreas, liver and muscle), it is of importance to determine this for a patient. Each specific organ failure will result in another lifestyle advice (diet, exercise or the combination). The aim of the present study was to examine whether this T2D subtyping resulted in a higher efficacy of the assigned lifestyle interventions as compared to general lifestyle advice.118 newly diagnosed T2D subjects of multiple primary care practices in Hillegom, The Netherlands, participated. 60 subjects underwent a lifestyle treatment, coached by a dietitian and physiotherapist, based on the outcome of an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) at baseline. Based on 2-hr, 5-time points plasma glucose and insulin, organ specific insulin resistance indices were calculated for liver, muscle and pancreas. The resulting T2D subtypes differed in intervention: energy restriction, exercise training, or a combination of both for 13 weeks. Data of 58 control subjects who were provided general lifestyle advice were gathered retrospectively. The OGTT was repeated after 13 weeks of lifestyle treatment to examine changes in phenotype. Effectiveness of the intervention was compared with controls based on FPG, HbA1c and body weight (BW).The six T2D subtypes at baseline were unevenly distributed. The main category were subjects with a poor □-cell function in combination with hepatic insulin resistance (45%). Due to the intervention, 19 subjects showed a healthy, normalized phenotype afterwards (32%). The interventions were effective and resulted in a significantly higher reduction of FPG (Δ-0.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L), reduced HbA1c (Δ-3.0 ± 0.6mmol/mol) and BW loss (Δ-8.1 ± 0.7kg) as compared to control subjects. The reduced BW, FPG and HbA1c were still present at one year follow-up, although some drop-out of subjects (n = 11) started to appear and still 49 subjects were in-study.T2D subtyping resulted in personalization of treatment, thereby effectively improving glycemic parameters and body weight as compared to general care. T2D subtyping is therefore not only effective for a more detailed diagnosis, it also enables personalization of T2D lifestyle treatment.
Examination of Seafood Intake Using Online 24hr Recall Tool for Use in Risk Assessment Analysis
Authors: Looby Sarah , Govzman Sophie , Wang Bella (Xiyao) , Butler Francis , Timon Claire , Gibney Eileen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionHealthy eating recommendations advise eating two portions of fish per week. Although seafood consumption has doubled globally over the last 50 years there is currently very little data on seafood consumption in Ireland. It is important to know what is being consumed by a population for nutritional and food safety purposes. The aim of this study is to collect reported dietary intake data from Irish seafood consumers, using an online dietary intake assessment tool, to determine habitual intakes of seafood for use in risk assessment.Materials and MethodsFoodbook24 is a self-administered, online 24hr recall tool developed for the purpose of nutritional surveillance in Ireland. For the purpose of this study it was further developed to include a detailed list of seafood regularly consumed in Ireland. Foods were selected using established food databases (Langual, FoodEx2 and BIM Seafood Handbook). Food composition was determined using McCance and Widdowson (7th Ed.) and portion sizes were based on NANS, published portion size books and recipes. Participants will be recruited using commonly used approaches; radio adverts & face-to-face recruitment. Seafood consumers (n = 1000), balanced for gender, age and urban/rural location, will be targeted. Participants will complete 2×24hr recalls, over 2 weeks, and complete an accompanying food frequency questionnaire. Demographic and lifestyle data will also be collected.ResultsIn the development of the tool, a total of 246 foods were added to Foodbook24, including 38 species of fish, with approximately 2–25 fish dishes for each fish. The composition of 156 foods were a direct match to McCance and Widdowson, 36 were similar and 24 used a combination of foods. For fish meals and recipes, 17 meals had a direct match in McCance and Widdowson and 10 were obtained using the average of 3 recipes. Foodbook24 contained a large proportion (92%) of the relevant portion sizes, others came from relevant books and recipes.DiscussionData collection is currently ongoing, but it is expected that the study will represent a significant step forward in public health policy contribution by characterising the likelihood of illness within a population on an annual basis. Furthermore, it will demonstrate the use of novel intake assessment technologies for fast and cost-effective collection of data for risk assessment purposes, reducing the time and cost required for data collection.