bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication safety in patients with hepatic impairment: A survey of community pharmacists' knowledge level and their practice in caring for these patients
Authors: Weersink Rianne A. , Abadier Marianna , de Boer Anthonius , Taxis Katja , Borgsteede Sander D. 
Published: November 2019

AimsTo study community pharmacists' level of knowledge on medication safety in patients with hepatic impairment and their practice in caring for these patients.MethodsPharmacists from Dutch community pharmacies (n = 1545) were invited to participate in an online survey. The survey consisted of 27 questions covering 2 main topics: knowledge and current practice. The level of knowledge was measured by a 6‐item knowledge test. Multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of correctly answered responses.ResultsIn total, 338 pharmacists (22%) completed the questionnaire. The mean knowledge score was 2.8 (standard deviation 1.6). Only 30.3% of respondents were able to appropriately advise on use of analgesics in severe cirrhosis. Postgraduate education on hepatic impairment, knowledge of recently developed practical guidance, and fewer years of practice were associated with a higher level of knowledge. In total, 70.4% indicated to evaluate medication safety in a patient with hepatic impairment at least once weekly. In the past 6 months, 83.3% of respondents consulted a prescriber about a patient with hepatic impairment. Frequently encountered barriers in practice were insufficient knowledge on the topic and a lack of essential patient information (i.e. diagnosis and severity of the impairment).ConclusionCommunity pharmacists regularly evaluate the safety of medication in patients with hepatic impairment, yet their level of knowledge was insufficient and additional education is needed. Pharmacists experienced several difficulties in providing pharmaceutical care. If these issues are resolved, pharmacists can play a more active role in ensuring medication safety in their patients with hepatic impairment.
Quantification of brain proton longitudinal relaxation (T1) in lithium‐treated and lithium‐naïve patients with bipolar disorder in comparison to healthy controls
Authors: Necus Joe , Smith Fiona Elizabeth , Thelwall Peter Edward , Flowers Carly Jay , Sinha Nishant , Taylor Peter Neal , Blamire Andrew Matthew , Wang Yujiang , Cousins David Andrew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundProton longitudinal relaxation (T1) is a quantitative MRI‐derived tissue parameter sensitive to myelin, macromolecular, iron and water content. There is some evidence to suggest that cortical T1 is elevated in bipolar disorder and that lithium administration reduces cortical T1. However, T1 has not yet been quantified in separate groups containing lithium‐treated patients, lithium‐naïve patients, and matched healthy controls.MethodsEuthymic patients with bipolar disorder receiving lithium (n = 18, BDL) and those on other medications but naïve to lithium (n = 20, BDC) underwent quantitative T1 mapping alongside healthy controls (n = 18, HC). T1 was compared between groups within the cortex, white matter and subcortical structures using regions of interest (ROI) derived from the Desikan‐Killiany atlas. Effect sizes for each ROI were computed for BDC vs BDL groups and Bipolar Disorder vs HC groups.ResultsNo significant differences in T1 were identified between BDL and BDC groups when corrected for multiple comparisons. Patients with bipolar disorder had significantly higher mean T1 in a range of ROIs compared to healthy controls, including bilateral motor, somatosensory and superior temporal regions, subcortical structures and white matter.ConclusionsThe higher T1 values observed in the patients with bipolar disorder may reflect abnormal tissue microstructure. Whilst the precise mechanism remains unknown, these findings may have a basis in differences in myelination, macromolecular content, iron and water content between patients and controls.
Experimental evidence on personality traits and preferences
Authors: Engle‐Warnick Jim , Laszlo Sonia , Sayour Nagham 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing an experiment, we test the relation between personality traits and revealed risk and ambiguity preferences, and we consider the effects of personality traits prevalence in a group on the decision making of each group member. In the experiment, subjects reveal their risk and ambiguity preferences through lottery choices. They then participate in an unstructured group chat. Afterwards, they are given the chance to revise their initial lottery choices. Results show that personality traits affect ambiguity but not risk preferences before the chat. Specifically, agreeableness is negatively related to ambiguity aversion. We also show that the probability of changing decisions after the chat is affected by the individual's personality traits but not by the traits of the other group members. The latter only affects the direction and the degree of the change.
Assessment of three essential tremor genetic loci in sporadic Parkinson's disease in Eastern China
Authors: Gao Ting , Wu Jiong , Zheng Ran , Fang Yi , Jin Chong‐Yao , Ruan Yang , Cao Jin , Tian Jun , Pu Jia‐Li , Zhang Bao‐Rong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate potential genetic overlap between essential tremor and Parkinson's disease in a cohort of 825 subjects from an Eastern Chinese population.MethodsA total of 441 Parkinson's disease patients and 384 healthy controls were recruited. The MassARRAY System was used to detect three essential tremor‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential interval (CI) were calculated to assess the relationship between polymorphisms and Parkinson's disease susceptibility.ResultsOur results demonstrated that the odds ratios of rs3794087 of SLC1A2, rs9652490 of LINGO1, and rs17590046 of PPARGC1A were 0.71 (95% CI = 0.55‐0.91), 0.99 (95% CI = 0.78‐1.26), and 0.88 (95% CI = 0.62‐1.25), respectively.ConclusionAn essential tremor SNP (rs3794087 of SLC1A2) is associated with a decreased risk of PD in the Eastern Han Chinese population, while rs9652490 (LINGO1) and rs17590046 (PPARGC1A) do not show an association.
TIM‐4 interference in Kupffer cells against CCL4‐induced liver fibrosis by mediating Akt1/Mitophagy signalling pathway
Authors: Wu Hao , Chen Guoyong , Wang Jingyuan , Deng Minghua , Yuan Fangchao , Gong Jianping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesT‐cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain‐4 (TIM‐4) is selectively expressed on antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and modulates various immune responses. However, the role of TIM‐4 expressed by Kupffer cells (KCs) in liver fibrosis remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore whether and how TIM‐4 expressed by KCs is involved in liver fibrosis.Materials and MethodsMice chronic liver fibrosis models were established and divided into the olive‐induced control group, CCL4‐induced control group, olive‐induced TIM‐4 interference group and CCL4‐induced TIM‐4 interference group. Different techniques were used to monitor the fibrotic effects of TIM‐4, including histopathological assays, Western blotting, ELISA and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, mice liver transplant models were established to determine the fibrotic effects of TIM‐4 on fibrosis after liver transplantation (LT).ResultsWe found that the induction of liver fibrosis by CCL4 was associated with TIM‐4 expression in KCs. TIM‐4 interference essentially contributed to liver fibrosis resolution. KCs from the TIM‐4 interference group had decreased levels of pro‐fibrotic markers, reduced TGF‐β1 secretion and inhibited hepatic stellate cell (HSC) differentiation into myofibroblast‐like cells. In addition, we used GdCl3 to verify that KCs are the primary source of TGF‐β1 during fibrosis progression. Moreover, KCs from CCL4‐induced mice showed increased ROS production, mitophagy activation and TGF‐β1 secretion. However, TIM‐4 interference in the KCs inhibited Akt1‐mediated ROS production, resulting in the suppression of PINK1, Parkin and LC3‐II/I activation and the reduction of TGF‐β1 secretion during liver fibrosis. Additionally, TIM‐4 interference potentially attenuated development of fibrosis after LT.ConclusionsOur findings revealed the underlying mechanisms of TIM‐4 interference in KCs to mitigate liver fibrosis.
User‐friendly cell patterning methods using a polydimethylsiloxane mold with microchannels
Authors: Funano Shun‐ichi , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Tanaka Yo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTechniques for partitioning cell adhesion are useful tools in biological and medical experiments. However, conventional cell patterning methods require special apparatus, special materials or high‐level skills. Therefore, we have developed a new cell patterning methodology which can be easily carried out in biological laboratories. Non‐cell adhesive material including hydrogel or gas patterns to restrict cell adhesion on a culture dish or glass substrates can be constructed by exploiting a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold with microchannels. The PDMS molds suck non‐adhesive materials into microchannels from the inlet of the microchannels and the materials are immobilized onto the substrates with a desired pattern. High resolution under a few micrometers and long‐term stability can be realized. This method has been used for analysis of stem cells, muscle cells, neuron development and other cells in collaboration with many biological researchers. Several examples to use this technique are introduced in this review.
Adolescent Gender and Age Differences in Responsiveness to Functional Family Therapy
Authors: Scavenius Christoffer , Granski Megan , Lindberg Malene Rudolf , Vardanian Maria Michelle , Chacko Anil 
Published: November 2019

The current study contributes to a sparse literature on moderators of Functional Family Therapy (FFT) by examining whether responsiveness to FFT, measured by a broad range of outcomes, varies by adolescent gender, age, and their interaction. This study was informed by 687 families (n, adolescents = 581; n, caregivers = 933) and utilized a pre–post comparison design. Fixed‐effects regressions with gender, age, and their interaction included as explanatory variables were conducted to calculate the average change in youth mental health, callous–unemotional traits, academic outcomes, substance use, and family functioning. Moderation analyses revealed that according to parent report, girls had significantly greater improvements in peer problems and family functioning, and boys benefited more in increased liking of school. There were differential effects by age, such that older youth had less beneficial mental health outcomes and a smaller decrease in frequency of hash use. The gender by age interaction was significant for adolescents’ report of mental health and family functioning outcomes, which suggests that girls benefit from FFT less than boys during early adolescence, but benefit more than boys in late adolescence. This finding adds to literature which has evidenced that family functioning is particularly important for girls by suggesting that FFT is important for improving older girls’ mental health and family functioning in particular. The study’s results expand the examination of outcomes of FFT to include academic outcomes, and provide insight into key factors that should be considered in addressing adolescent behavioral problems and family functioning.
Topic Avoidance as a Boundary Management Strategy in Communication With a Mother‐in‐Law
Authors: Young Valerie J. , DeGroot Jocelyn M. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the relational outcomes of daughter‐in‐law (DIL) topic avoidance with her mother‐in‐law (MIL).BackgroundDILs are known to use disclosure and topic avoidance in an attempt to maintain independence and privacy with MILs. We hypothesize that DILs also use strategic topic avoidance as a boundary management process to regulate interactions.MethodWomen (N = 180, Mage = 36.84) completed a cross‐sectional online survey of open‐ and closed‐ended questions regarding self‐disclosure, topic avoidance, relationship closeness, trust, and uncertainty. Analyses included qualitative thematic analysis and coding for open‐ended data, and a parallel effects mediation model for quantitative data.ResultsTopic avoidance statistically mediated the association between self‐disclosure and relationship closeness, trust, and uncertainty. Qualitative coding revealed avoidance motivations used by DILs to create boundaries were based on specific topics, personal characteristics of the MILs, and coordinated responsibilities to another person.ConclusionThere are several reasons why DILs avoid communication with MILs. Topic avoidance is one way that DILs control privacy boundaries with MILs.ImplicationsDILs should be encouraged to develop rules regarding their own communication of private or co‐owned information with MILs. These privacy management rules can foster independence in an involuntary relationship.
A preliminary 3‐D comparison of rapid and slow maxillary expansion in children: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Luiz Ulema Ribeiro Gerson , Jacob Helder B. , Brunetto Maurício , da Silva Pereira Juliana , Motohiro Tanaka Orlando , Buschang Peter H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study compared the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and slow maxillary expansion (SME) using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).AimTo evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects produced by two different maxillary expansion protocols.DesignEligibility criteria included maxillary transverse deficiencies in children (mean age, 8.18 years old), randomly assigned to either RME or SME. At the outcome analysis phase, a sample of 29 subjects were analysed (RME group, N = 16 and SME group, N = 13). CBCT scans taken before expansion and 6 months later were evaluated. Five posterior and 6 anterior transverse measurements were made at different vertical levels. Treatment changes were analysed using paired t tests; independent t tests were used to compare the two groups.ResultsThere were statistically significant (P<.05) increases in maxillary width at the skeletal, alveolar, and dental levels for both groups, with significantly smaller increases at the more superior than inferior levels. The RME group exhibited statistically larger width increases than the SME group for all measures except interorbital width, anterior alveolar process width, and intercanine width. The group differences were greater for anterior than posterior apical base widths.ConclusionsRapid maxillary expansion produced greater orthopaedic effects than slow maxillary expansion, with the greatest effects occurring in the anterior apical base.
The Strange and Futile World of Trade Wars
Authors: Hanke Steve H. , Li Edward 
Published: November 2019

U.S. President Donald Trump has a misguided, mercantilist view of international trade. He believes that an external (or “trade”) deficit is a “problem,” and that this deficit is caused by foreigners engaging in unfair trade practices. Accordingly, the president and his followers feel that the U.S. is being—and has long been—victimized by foreigners.The reality, however, is that the negative external balance in the U.S. is neither a “problem” nor is it attributable to foreigners engaging in nefarious activities. The U.S.'s negative external balance, which the country has registered every year since 1975, is “made in the USA.” External balances are always and everywhere homegrown; they are the reflection and the result of the relationship between domestic savings and domestic investment. And it is the gap between a country's savings and domestic investment that is the fundamental driver and determinant of its external balance.Specifically, the current account balance, or “trade deficit,” is the sum of the private savings‐investment gap and the public savings‐investment gap, or what is known as the “fiscal balance.” From 1972 until the end of 2018, for example, the cumulative private sector savings‐investment gap in the U.S. was a positive $12.8 trillion; that is, U.S. companies and individuals collectively saved—that is, earned and retained—some $12.8 trillion more than they consumed and invested domestically. But this positive balance was completely overshadowed by the cumulative negative government gap—or cumulative fiscal deficits—of $24.2 trillion during this 47‐year period. And thus the U.S. as a whole experienced a savings‐investment gap of negative $11.4 trillion that is entirely attributable to the country's fiscal deficits.What's more, the fact that the U.S. recorded a cumulative current account deficit of $11.5 trillion during this period confirms that the U.S. external deficits simply mirror what is happening in the U.S. domestic economy, just as the savings‐investment identity suggests. And, of course, the savings‐investment identity holds true for all countries, even those with significant external surpluses. Japan and China have both long experienced savings surpluses, and both have run current account surpluses that have mirrored their positive savings‐investment gaps.If the U.S. mercantilists understood what causes trade and current account deficits, they would direct their ire at profligate government spending rather than at foreigners. But they don't understand. And the leader of the mercantilists, President Trump, is flying blind and presiding over ever‐expanding fiscal deficits—which will only ensure that the current account deficits not just continue, but get bigger.
Dispersal out of Wallacea spurs diversification of Pteropus flying foxes, the world’s largest bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Authors: Tsang Susan M. , Wiantoro Sigit , Veluz Maria Josefa , Sugita Norimasa , Nguyen Y‐Lan , Simmons Nancy B. , Lohman David J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimIslands provide opportunities for isolation and speciation. Many landmasses in the Indo‐Australian Archipelago (IAA) are oceanic islands, and founder‐event speciation is expected to be the predominant form of speciation of volant taxa on these islands. We studied the biogeographic history of flying foxes, a group with many endemic species and a predilection for islands, to test this hypothesis and infer the biogeographic origin of the group.LocationAustralasia, Indo‐Australian Archipelago, Madagascar, Pacific Islands.TaxonPteropus (Pteropodidae).MethodsTo infer the biogeographic history of Pteropus, we sequenced up to 6,169 bp of genetic data from 10 markers and reconstructed a multilocus species tree of 34 currently recognized Pteropus species and subspecies with three Acerodon outgroups using BEAST and subsequently estimated ancestral areas using models implemented in BioGeoBEARS.ResultsSpecies‐level resolution was occasionally low because of slow rates of molecular evolution and/or recent divergences. Older divergences, however, were more strongly supported and allow the evolutionary history of the group to be inferred. The genus diverged in Wallacea from its common ancestor with Acerodon; founder‐event speciation out of Wallacea was a common inference. Pteropus species in Micronesia and the western Indian Ocean were also inferred to result from founder‐event speciation.Main conclusionsDispersal between regions of the IAA and the islands found therein fostered diversification of Pteropus throughout the IAA and beyond. Dispersal in Pteropus is far higher than in most other volant taxa studied to date, highlighting the importance of inter‐island movement in the biogeographic history of this large clade of large bats.
SP1‐mediated lncRNA PVT1 modulates the proliferation and apoptosis of lens epithelial cells in diabetic cataract via miR‐214‐3p/MMP2 axis
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhao Shaozhen , Tian Fang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEmerging evidence illustrates the critical roles of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the diabetes. However, the deepgoing regulation of lncRNA PVT1 in the diabetic cataract (DC) is still unclear. Here, present research investigates the pathologic roles and underlying mechanism by which lncRNA PVT1 regulates the DC pathogenesis. Human lens epithelial (HLE) B‐3 cells were induced by the high glucose (HG) to simulate the DC microenvironment models. Results revealed that lncRNA PVT1 expression was up‐regulated in the HG‐induced HLE B‐3 cells as compared to the normal glucose group. Transcription factor SP1 could bind with the promoter region of PVT1 and activate its transcription. Functionally, PVT1 knock‐down could repress the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of HLE B‐3 cells. Mechanistically, PVT1 acted as the ‘miRNA sponge’ to target miR‐214‐3p/MMP2 axis. This finding revealed a novel insight of lncRNA PVT1 for the DC pathogenesis, providing an inspiration for the DC mechanism.
LncRNA H19 ameliorates myocardial infarction‐induced myocardial injury and maladaptive cardiac remodelling by regulating KDM3A
Authors: Zhang Bo‐fang , Jiang Hong , Chen Jing , Hu Qi , Yang Shuo , Liu Xiao‐pei , Liu Gen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and novel therapeutic targets still need to be investigated to alleviate myocardial injury and the ensuing maladaptive cardiac remodelling. Accumulating studies have indicated that lncRNA H19 might exert a crucial regulatory effect on cardiovascular disease. In this study, we aimed to explore the biological function and molecular mechanism of H19 in MI. To investigate the biological functions of H19, miRNA‐22‐3p and KDM3A, gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments were performed. In addition, bioinformatics analysis, dual‐luciferase reporter assays, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays, RNA pull‐down assays, quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot analyses as well as rescue experiments were conducted to reveal an underlying competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism. We found that H19 was significantly down‐regulated after MI. Functionally, enforced H19 expression dramatically reduced infarct size, improved cardiac performance and alleviated cardiac fibrosis by mitigating myocardial apoptosis and decreasing inflammation. However, H19 knockdown resulted in the opposite effects. Bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase assays revealed that, mechanistically, miR‐22‐3p was a direct target of H19, which was also confirmed by RIP and RNA pull‐down assays in primary cardiomyocytes. In addition, bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assays also demonstrated that miRNA‐22‐3p directly targeted the KDM3A gene. Moreover, subsequent rescue experiments further verified that H19 regulated the expression of KDM3A to ameliorate MI‐induced myocardial injury in a miR‐22‐3p‐dependent manner. The present study revealed the critical role of the lncRNAH19/miR‐22‐3p/KDM3A pathway in MI. These findings suggest that H19 may act as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for MI.
A new species of spiny driftwood catfish Spinipterus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from the Amazon basin
Authors: Rocha Marcelo , Rossoni Felipe , Akama Alberto , Zuanon Jansen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn expedition to the middle Rio Purus basin uncovered a remarkable new species of the genus Spinipterus. The new species has a very distinct and conspicuous colour pattern resembling a jaguar and it is almost four times larger than Spinipterus acsi, a small specimen (32 mm LS) from Caño Santa Rita, a right bank tributary of Río Nanay in Peru and a second specimen was reported from Rio Juruá, Amazonas State, Brazil. Although the new species is more similar in size and colour pattern to Liosomadoras, it shares the synapomorphies for Spinipterus. The new species differs from the congener by the following characters: (a) colour pattern with large black rosette‐like spots over a light yellow to brown background (v. brown background with small dark blotches over the body); (b) adult body size reaching 104.5 mm LS (v. maximum known size 37.1 mm LS); (c) posterior process of cleithrum short, never reaching vertical through the dorsal‐fin origin (v. posterior process long, surpassing vertical through the dorsal‐fin origin); (d) seven soft pectoral‐fin rays (v. six); (e) caudal fin truncated (v. caudal fin rounded).