bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of telephone triage in primary care patients with chest discomfort: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wouters Loes TCM , Rutten Frans H , Erkelens Daphne CA , De Groot Esther , Damoiseaux Roger AMJ , Zwart Dorien LM 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of semi-automatic assisted telephone triage in patients with acute chest discomfort against the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or other life-threatening events (LTEs).MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed of telephone conversations with 2023 patients with acute chest discomfort (pain, pressure, tightness or discomfort) who called out-of-hours services for primary care (OHS-PC) between 2014 and 2016. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicted values were calculated for a high urgency (patient seen within one hour) against the diagnoses of ACS and other LTEs. Diagnoses were retrieved from the patients' medical records in general practice, including hospital specialists' discharge letters.ResultsOf 2023 patients who called because of chest discomfort, 227 (11.2%) had an ACS (men 14.9%, women 8.2%) and 58 (2.9%) had another LTE (men 3.6%, women 2.3%). The sensitivity and specificity of a high Netherlands Triage System (NTS) urgency allocation against ACS/other LTEs were 0.73 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.78) and 0.43 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.45), respectively. In 13.2% of the calls the triage nurse overruled the NTS urgency, mostly by upscaling (11.0%). The sensitivity and specificity of the final urgency allocation were 0.86 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.90) and 0.34 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.37). The positive and negative predictive values of the final urgency were 0.18 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.19) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.95), respectively.ConclusionsThe semi-automatic triage NTS tool underestimated the urgency in 27% of patients with ACS/other LTEs. Overruling by triage nurses improved safety, but still 14% of men and women with ACS/other LTEs received too low urgency, while efficiency remained poor.Trial registration numberNTR7331.
Feasibility and effects on the gut microbiota of a 12-week high-intensity interval training plus lifestyle education intervention on inactive adults with celiac disease
Authors: Warbeck Cassandra , Dowd A. Justine , Kronlund Liam , Parmar Candice , Daun Julia T. , Wytsma-Fisher Kathryn , Millet Guillaume Y. , Schick Alana , Reimer Raylene A. , Fung Tak , Culos-Reed S. Nicole 
Published: September 2020

This study assessed the feasibility and benefits of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) plus lifestyle education among inactive adults with celiac disease. Forty-one participants were randomized to receive the intervention (HIIT plus lifestyle education; HIIT+) for 12 weeks or waitlist control (WLC). Testing was completed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 3 months post-intervention. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess changes in the outcome variables over time between the groups. Mean percent of age-predicted maximum heart rate was 97.9% and average rating of perceived exertion was 6.33 (out of 10) during HIIT intervals. Following the intervention, the HIIT+ showed enrichment in relative abundance of Parabacteroides and Defluviitaleaceae_UCG_011 while WLC showed enrichment in relative abundance of Roseburia intestinalis, Klebsiella, and Adlercreutzia. A unique set of taxa were differentially abundant between the groups at 3 months post-intervention. HIIT+ participants experienced a reduction in resting heart rate (−6.6 bpm) immediately post-intervention compared with WLC. Further research is needed to establish an optimal HIIT protocol that may improve maximal oxygen uptake and metabolic syndrome biomarkers. Findings from this pilot study provide preliminary evidence that an HIIT intervention is feasible for inactive adults with celiac disease and leads to favourable changes in resting heart rate alongside potentially beneficial shifts in gut microbiota. Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03520244. Novelty: HIIT leads to potentially beneficial changes in the gut microbiota of adults with celiac disease. An HIIT exercise intervention is feasible and well tolerated for patients with celiac disease.
Defiducialization: providing experimental measurements for accurate fixed-order predictions
Authors: Glazov A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn experimental procedure is proposed to perform measurements of differential cross sections for vector boson production which can be compared to fixed-order QCD predictions with improved accuracy. The procedure relies on applying theoretical acceptance corrections computed as a function of the transverse momentum of the W/Z boson, $$p_T$$

p
T

, to the experimental measurement, rather than comparing data directly against fiducial fixed-order predictions. It is demonstrated that, contrary to standard fiducial computations, these acceptance factors vary little at low $$p_T$$

p
T

, so they can be reliably computed using fixed-order perturbation theory. An example analysis is performed using the ATLAS measurement of the Z-boson production cross section at center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The resulting full phase space measurement of the cross section differential in the boson rapidity is compared to theoretical predictions computed with next-to-next-to leading-order accuracy in QCD. Further extensions of the approach which include different types of measurements and improved theoretical predictions are discussed.
Greybody factor and power spectra of the Hawking radiation in the 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet de-Sitter gravity
Authors: Zhang Cheng-Yong , Li Peng-Cheng , Guo Minyong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity was recently formulated by Glavan and Lin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 081301 (2020)]. Although this theory may run into trouble at the level of action or equations of motion, the spherically symmetric black hole solution, which can be successfully reproduced in those consistent theories of 4D EGB gravity, is still meaningful and worthy of study. In this paper, we investigate Hawking radiation in the spacetime containing such a de Sitter black hole. Both the greybody factor and the power spectra of the Hawking radiation of the massless scalar are studied numerically for the full range of various parameters, including the GB coupling constant $$\alpha $$
α
, the cosmological constant $$\Lambda $$
Λ
and the coupling constant related to the scalar filed $$\xi $$
ξ
. In particular, we find a negative $$\alpha $$
α
leads to a larger greybody factor than that of a $$\alpha \ge 0$$

α
≥
0

. While, for the power spectra of the Hawking radiation the situation is quite the opposite. The reason is that the temperature of the black hole would be very high when $$\alpha <0$$

α
<
0

. Actually, we observe that the temperature would be arbitrarily high when $$\alpha $$
α
approaches to the lower bound.
Slowly rotating topological neutron stars: universal relations and epicyclic frequencies
Authors: Danchev Victor I. , Doneva Daniela D. , Yazadjiev Stoytcho S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the modern era of abundant X-ray detections and the increasing momentum of gravitational waves astronomy, tests of general relativity in strong field regime become increasingly feasible and their importance for probing gravity cannot be understated. To this end, we study the characteristics of slowly rotating topological neutron stars in the tensor-multi-scalar theories of gravity following the static study of this new type of compact objects by two of the authors. We explore the moment of inertia and verify that universal relations known from general relativity hold for this new class of compact objects. Furthermore, we study the properties of their innermost stable circular orbits and the epicyclic frequencies due to the latter’s hinted link to observational quantities such as quasi-periodic X-ray spectrum features.
Hyperbolic tunnel-number-one knots with Seifert-fibered Dehn surgeries
Authors: Kang Sungmo 
Published: September 2020

Suppose [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are disjoint simple closed curves in the boundary of a genus two handlebody [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] (i.e. a 2-handle addition along [Formula: see text]) embeds in [Formula: see text] as the exterior of a hyperbolic knot [Formula: see text] (thus, [Formula: see text] is a tunnel-number-one knot), and [Formula: see text] is Seifert in [Formula: see text] (i.e. a 2-handle addition [Formula: see text] is a Seifert-fibered space) and not the meridian of [Formula: see text]. Then for a slope [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] represented by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]-Dehn surgery [Formula: see text] is a Seifert-fibered space. Such a construction of Seifert-fibered Dehn surgeries generalizes that of Seifert-fibered Dehn surgeries arising from primtive/Seifert positions of a knot, which was introduced in [J. Dean, Small Seifert-fibered Dehn surgery on hyperbolic knots, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 3 (2003) 435–472.]. In this paper, we show that there exists a meridional curve [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] (or [Formula: see text]) in [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] intersects [Formula: see text] transversely in exactly one point. It follows that such a construction of a Seifert-fibered Dehn surgery [Formula: see text] can arise from a primitive/Seifert position of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] its surface-slope. This result supports partially the two conjectures: (1) any Seifert-fibered surgery on a hyperbolic knot in [Formula: see text] is integral, and (2) any Seifert-fibered surgery on a hyperbolic tunnel-number-one knot arises from a primitive/Seifert position whose surface slope corresponds to the surgery slope.
A Prognostic Model Based on PAM50 and Clinical Variables (PAM50MET) for Metastatic Hormone Receptor–positive HER2-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Prat Aleix , Tsai Yi-Hsuan , Pascual Tomás , Paré Laia , Adamo Barbara , Vidal Maria , Brasó-Maristany Fara , Galván Patricia , Brase Jan Christoph , Rodrik-Outmezguine Vanessa , Johnston Stephen , Ciruelos Eva , Parker Joel S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Predicting prognosis in HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer (MBC) might be clinically useful; however, no validated prognostic biomarkers exist in this setting to date.

Patients and Methods:
In phase III, EGF30008 trial, 484 patients with HER2− MBC who received letrozole and placebo or lapatinib were selected. PAM50 data, ECOG performance status, visceral disease, number of metastasis, biopsy type, and age were evaluated. A progression-free survival (PFS) Cox model was evaluated. The final model (PAM50MET) with a prespecified cutoff was validated in patients (n = 261) with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer (aBC) from BOLERO-2 (phase III trial that evaluated exemestane and placebo or everolimus).

Results:
In EGF30008, prognostic models with PAM50 plus clinical variables yielded higher C-index values versus models with only PAM50 or clinical variables. The PAM50MET model combined 21 variables: 2 PAM50 subtypes, basal signature, 14 genes, and 4 clinical variables. In EGF30008, the optimized cutoff was associated with PFS [HR = 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.29–0.47; P &lt; 0.0001] and overall survival (OS; HR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.27–0.51; P &lt; 0.0001). The median (months; 95% CI) PFS and OS were 22.24 (19.0–24.9) and not reached in PAM50MET-low versus 9.13 (8.15–11.0) and 33.0 (28.0–40.0) in PAM50MET-high groups, respectively. In BOLERO-2, the PAM50MET-low was associated with better PFS (HR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53–0.96; P = 0.028) and OS (HR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35–0.69; P &lt; 0.0001). The median (months) (95% CI) PFS and OS were 6.93 (5.57–11.0) and 36.9 (33.4–NA) in PAM50MET-low versus 5.23 (4.2–6.8) and 23.5 (20.2–28.3) in PAM50MET-high groups, respectively.

Conclusions:
PAM50MET is prognostic in HR+/HER2− MBC, and further evaluation might help identify candidates for endocrine therapy only or novel therapies.
Frequency, Predictors, Distribution, and Morphological Characteristics of Layered Culprit and Nonculprit Plaques of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dai Jiannan , Fang Chao , Zhang Shaotao , Li Lulu , Wang Yini , Xing Lei , Yu Huai , Jiang Senqing , Yin Yanwei , Wang Jifei , Wang Yidan , Guo Junchen , Lei Fangmeng , Liu Huimin , Xu Maoen , Ren Xuefeng , Ma Lijia , Wei Guo , Zhang Shaosong , Hou Jingbo , Mintz Gary S. , Yu Bo 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Subclinical atherothrombosis and plaque healing may lead to rapid plaque progression. The histopathologic healed plaque has a layered appearance when imaged using optical coherence tomography. We assessed the frequency, predictors, distribution, and morphological characteristics of optical coherence tomography layered culprit and nonculprit plaques in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods:
A prospective series of 325 patients with acute myocardial infarction underwent optical coherence tomography imaging of all 3 native coronary arteries. Layered plaque phenotype had heterogeneous signal-rich layered tissue located close to the luminal surface that was clearly demarcated from the underlying plaque.

Results:

Layered plaques were detected in 74.5% of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients with layered culprit plaques had more layered nonculprit plaques; and they more often had preinfarction angina, ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and absence of antiplatelet therapy. Layered plaques tended to cluster in the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery but were more uniformly distributed in the right coronary artery. As compared with nonlayered plaques, layered plaques had greater optical coherence tomography lumen area stenosis at both culprit and nonculprit sites. The frequency of layered plaque phenotype (
P
=0.038) and maximum area of layered tissue (
P
<0.001) increased from nonculprit thin-cap fibroatheromas to nonculprit ruptures to culprit ruptures.

Conclusions:
Layered plaques were identified in 3-quarters of patients with acute myocardial infarction, especially in the culprit plaques of patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Layered plaques had a limited, focal distribution in the left anterior descending artery, and left circumflex artery but were more evenly distributed in the right coronary artery and were characterized by greater lumen narrowing at both culprit and nonculprit sites.

Graphic Abstract:

A
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Tethysbaena ledoyeri n. sp., a new thermosbaenacean species (Thermosbaenacea) from the Port-Miou karstic aquifer in southern France
Authors: Wagner H. P. , Chevaldonné P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A new species of the thermosbaenacean genus Tethysbaena Wagner,1994 is described as T. ledoyeri n. sp.
Together with an as yet undescribed amphipod (Niphargus sp.) it is an inhabitant of the brackish water of an aquifer that flows through the Basse-Provence Urgonian karstic system and reaches the Mediterranean Sea, 15 km east of Marseille, in the “Calanques” coast. The new taxon, being part of the T. argentarii-group, is compared with its closest allies in this group. Preliminary DNA data obtained from two specimens of the new species provide confirmation of its close ties to T. argentarii but also to T. scabra, the two geographically closest described species.
To Be or Not to Be on H-1B Visas: Engineers from India in the United States
Authors: Varma Roli 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Foreign-born scientists and engineers are increasingly present in technology companies in the United States. Some of them are immigrants, that is, aliens admitted to the US for lawful permanent residence; others are non-immigrants, that is, aliens admitted to the US for a specific period of time for temporary work. Whether immigrant or non-immigrant, an overwhelming majority of foreign-born scientists and engineers enter the US technology sector through one single H-1B visa program. Using a case study of Indian engineers, this article shows different sub-paths of the H-1B visa program, which leads to significant differences in their immigration, work, and socio-economic experiences. The article is based on the secondary sources and 40 in-depth interviews conducted with Indian engineers working in US technology companies.
Diaspora and Transnationalism: the Changing Contours of Ethnonational Identity of Indian Diaspora
Authors: Sahoo Ajaya K. , Shome Anindita 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Diasporic communities have historically maintained—either actively or passively—their ethnonational identities, be it in the case of classical diasporas such as the Jews or Armenians or the case of more modern diasporas such as the Indians or other South Asians. However, the ethnonational identities of diasporic communities have strengthened significantly in recent times as a result of the global forces such as the Internet that created and recreated the existing and newer ways of transnationalism and ethnonationalism. The study of the Indian diaspora is inherent because of the fact that these global forces have drastically changed the ethnonational identity of Indians in the diaspora. There are a plethora of factors that played an important role in this process of transformation. This article tries to examine two of the most significant factors that strengthened the ethnonational identity, such as the dynamic changes in the Indian government policy towards diaspora and the role of the Internet that facilitates the youth to play a prominent role in this neo-diaspora.
Structural organization in palm stems of Roystonea regia and Archontophoenix alexandrae
Authors: Aritsara Amy Ny Aina , Cao Kun-Fang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Having a high stature subjects palms to the same constraints as trees, but the lack of cambial growth urges them to adopt a different strategy. We aimed to characterize the spatial organization of xylem tissues and their potential functions in two palm stems: a 30 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) royal palm (Roystonea regia) and a 12 cm DBH Alexandra king palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae). Macroscopic and microscopic anatomical characteristics were assessed at five vertical locations and 5–6 radial locations at each height. Over 9600 vessels across the two stems were drawn manually and measured based on histological sections. Vertically, a hydraulic bottleneck was identified at the first meter, and both stems showed conduit tapering from 4 m to the top. Radially, most water transport and mechanical support were achieved within 2–5 cm below the bark. The larger stem diameter of royal palm may have improved its water transport, storage, and potential for mechanical support compared to king palm. There was a strong trade-off between ground parenchyma and the fiber fraction. However, the correlation between theoretical hydraulic conductivity (Kt) and the ground parenchyma fraction, and between Kt and the fiber fraction, shifted from positive or non-significant below the bark, to strongly negative close to the center. These changes reflect the functional sectoriality of the palm stems, which may reduce the constraint of trade-offs between water transport, storage, and mechanical support. To conclude, functional sectoriality may have helped both palm species to withstand the hydraulic and mechanical constraints due to high stature.
The European charcoal trade
Authors: Haag Volker , Zemke Valentina Theresia , Lewandrowski Tim , Zahnen Johannes , Hirschberger Peter , Bick Ulrich , Koch Gerald 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
About half the wood extracted worldwide from forests is used as fuelwood to produce energy, about 17 percent is converted to charcoal (FAO 2017) which represents one of the least controlled/monitored segments of the European timber market. Although charcoal has a significant share on the European market of wood-based products it is not yet covered by the European Timber Regulations (EUTR), (EU) No 995/2010. For this project, a total of 150 charcoal consignments from eleven countries (Germany, Poland, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Ukraine, Czech Republic, and Belgium) were examined and evaluated based on the 3D-reflected light microscopy technique. The high-resolution study indicates the proportion of different European timbers compared with that of timbers from subtropical and tropical regions. The share of subtropical and tropical species is surprisingly high with approximately 46% for material received from all countries studied, but far over 60% for Spain, Italy, Poland, and Belgium. The study shows that comparing the results for charcoal received from these countries there is an inversely proportional relation of certified products (FSC and PEFC) and products with timbers from subtropical or tropical origins. In the charcoal consignments from Switzerland, the share of timbers from subtropical or tropical origin is only 13.5%, whereas that of certified products is 60%. In material received from Spain, the proportion of timbers from subtropical or tropical regions is 67%, whereas that of certified products only 8%. A careful check of the declaration on the packaging, of the accompanying certificates, and the information on origin revealed alarming evidence: only 25% of the consignments examined provide information on the bags, e.g., with regard to the processed wood species; and well over half of such declarations were incorrect and/or incomplete. A trade flow analysis of EU member states was carried out to contribute to a better understanding of the relationships between international charcoal trade flows and the end products in European countries. This approach contributes to an essential understanding of charcoal transit in Europe and the results constitute a strong motive for the inclusion of charcoal in the respective annex to the EUTR.
Sperry’s packing rule affects the spatial proximity but not clustering of xylem conduits: the case of Fagus sylvatica L.
Authors: Rita Angelo , Pericolo Osvaldo , Saracino Antonio , Borghetti Marco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sperry’s packing rule predicts the optimum packing of xylem conduits in woody plants, where the frequency of xylem conduits varies approximately inversely with the square of the conduit radius. However, it is well established that such anatomical disposition does not remain fixed but is subject to a suite of adaptations induced by physiological constraints driven by both ontogenetic development and environmental characteristics. Here we challenge the hypothesis that increasing frequency of xylem conduits, concomitant with the decrease in their lumen area along the xylem pathway, would affect the spatial distribution of vessels inside tree-rings and their aggregation. To this end, we measured the vessels’ anatomical characteristics inside each tree-ring along with a complete radial series taken at different stem heights of Fagus sylvatica L. trees. Point pattern analysis indicated a significant effect of the distance from the tree base and a weak effect of cambial age on the nearest neighbour distance among xylem vessels, suggesting that vessels were closer to each other near the apex, and became progressively more distant toward the base. The spatial pattern of xylem vessels violated the assumption of complete spatial randomness, vessel spatial arrangement followed a uniform distribution at different distances from the tree base. Although there was an increase in the intensity and proximity among vessels, we demonstrated that no patterns of aggregation between vessels were found in sampled F. sylvatica trees. Rather, point pattern profiles clearly highlighted a lack of aggregation of vessels in the face of a regular spatial distribution in the annual growth rings along the stems.