bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of the Esophageal Microbiome and Tissue Gene Expression and Links to the Oral Microbiome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Annavajhala Medini K. , May Michael , Compres Griselda , Freedberg Daniel E. , Graham Roseanna , Stump Stephania , Que Jianwen , Korem Tal , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Abrams Julian A. 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Although the microbiome is altered in various esophageal diseases, there is no direct evidence for a link between the oral or esophageal microbiome and underlying esophageal tissue. Here, we aimed to address these gaps through use of an antimicrobial mouth rinse to modify the esophageal microbiome and tissue gene expression.

METHODS:
In this randomized controlled trial, patients scheduled to undergo endoscopy for clinical indications used chlorhexidine mouth rinse or no treatment for 2 weeks before endoscopy. Oral swabs and saliva were collected at baseline and at follow-up, and the esophagus was sampled on the day of endoscopy. The microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and esophageal tissue gene expression was ascertained by RNA-Seq.

RESULTS:
Twenty subjects were enrolled and included in the analyses. Within individuals, the oral and esophageal microbiome composition was significantly correlated. Chlorhexidine treatment associated with significant alterations to the relative abundance of several esophageal bacterial taxa, and to expression of genes in the esophagus including reductions in periostin, claudin-18, chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL13, and several members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. A taxon in genus Haemophilus in the esophagus also associated with significant changes in tissue gene expression.

DISCUSSION:
The oral and esophageal microbiomes are closely related within individuals, and esophageal microbiome alterations correlate with tissue gene expression changes. The esophageal microbiome may act as an important cofactor that influences pathogenesis and outcomes of diseases such as eosinophilic esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux, and Barrett's esophagus.
Bibliographical Approaches to D.H. Lawrence’s “Odour of Chrysanthemums”: Archive Fever for the Text-In-Process
Authors: Norris Marcos 
Published: December 2020

This article engages with the theoretical concerns of contemporary textual criticism depicted by Jerome McGann, Peter Shillingsburg, and Paul Eggert through a case study of text-critical approaches to D.H. Lawrence’s short story, “Odour of Chrysanthemums”. I argue that text-critical readings of Lawrence’s tale lend themselves to a Derridean critique of archive fever, where the rigorous archivization of the historical text-document can be read as an unsuccessful attempt to unearth the ontological origins of the text-in-process, a univocal chronology of the author’s intentions over time. A Derridean critique of archive fever in Lawrence criticism poses productive questions to the distinctions contemporary textual criticism draws between, first, text and document, and, second, ideal text and the text-in-process. I show that a bibliographical study of the text-in-process — the close tracking of documentary changes over time — does not actually distance textual critics from the false but alluring notion that the document and the author’s intentions exist in a single state. The text-document, as I refer to it throughout, exists in multiple states over the span of its composition history, but the textual critic performs such a rigorous mapping of its documentary changes that the text-document, in its very multiplicity, takes on a singular form as historical or bibliographical narrative, where singularity is based not on the author’s original or final intentions but on a univocal mapping of the author’s intentions over time.
The BAD-BAX-Caspase-3 Cascade Modulates Synaptic Vesicle Pools via Autophagy
Authors: Gu Qinhua , Jiao Song , Duan Kaizheng , Wang Ya-Xian , Petralia Ronald S. , Li Zheng 
Published: December 2020

The BAD-BAX-caspase-3 cascade is a canonical apoptosis pathway. Macroautophagy (“autophagy” hereinafter) is a process by which organelles and aggregated proteins are delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Here, we report a new function of the BAD-BAX-caspase-3 cascade and autophagy in the control of synaptic vesicle pools. We found that, in hippocampal neurons of male mice, the BAD-BAX-caspase-3 pathway regulates autophagy, which in turn limits the size of synaptic vesicle pools and influences the kinetics of activity-induced depletion and recovery of synaptic vesicle pools. Moreover, the caspase-autophagy pathway is engaged by fear conditioning to facilitate associative fear learning and memory. This work identifies a new mechanism for controlling synaptic vesicle pools, and a novel, nonapoptotic, presynaptic function of the BAD-BAX-caspase-3 cascade.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite the importance of synaptic vesicles for neurons, little is known about how the size of synaptic vesicle pools is maintained under basal conditions and regulated by neural activity. This study identifies a new mechanism for the control of synaptic vesicle pools, and a new, nonapoptotic function of the BAD-BAX-caspase-3 pathway in presynaptic terminals. Additionally, it indicates that autophagy is not only a homeostatic mechanism to maintain the integrity of cells and tissues, but also a process engaged by neural activity to regulate synaptic vesicle pools for optimal synaptic responses, learning, and memory.
High Salt Intake Recruits Tonic Activation of NR2D Subunit-Containing Extrasynaptic NMDARs in Vasopressin Neurons
Authors: Neupane Chiranjivi , Sharma Ramesh , Pai Yoon Hyung , Lee So Yeong , Jeon Byeong Hwa , Kim Hyun-Woo , Stern Javier E. , Park Jin Bong 
Published: December 2020

In addition to producing a classical excitatory postsynaptic current via activation of synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs), glutamate in the brain also induces a tonic NMDAR current (INMDA) via activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs (eNMDARs). However, since Mg2+blocks NMDARs in nondepolarized neurons, the potential contribution of eNMDARs to the overall neuronal excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that chronic (7 d) salt loading (SL) recruited NR2D subunit-containing NMDARs to generate an Mg2+-resistant tonicINMDAin nondepolarized [Vh(holding potential) −70 mV] vasopressin (VP; but not oxytocin) supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons in male rodents. Conversely, in euhydrated (EU) and 3 d SL mice, Mg2+-resistant tonicINMDAwas not observed. Pharmacological and genetic intervention of NR2D subunits blocked the Mg2+-resistant tonicINMDAin VP neurons under SL conditions, while an NR2B antagonist unveiled Mg2+-sensitive tonicINMDAbut not Mg2+-resistant tonicINMDA. In the EU group VP neurons, an Mg2+-resistant tonicINMDAwas not generated by increased ambient glutamate or treatment with coagonists (e.g.,d-serine and glycine). Chronic SL significantly increased NR2D expression but not NR2B expression in the SON relative to the EU group or after 3 d under SL conditions. Finally, Mg2+-resistant tonicINMDAselectively upregulated neuronal excitability in VP neurons under SL conditions, independent of ionotropic GABAergic input. Our results indicate that the activation of NR2D-containing NMDARs constitutes a novel mechanism that generates an Mg2+-resistant tonicINMDAin nondepolarized VP neurons, thus causing an E/I balance shift in VP neurons to compensate for the hormonal demands imposed by a chronic osmotic challenge.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) consists of two different types of magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) that synthesize and release the following two peptide hormones: vasopressin (VP), which is necessary for regulation of fluid homeostasis; and oxytocin (OT), which plays a major role in lactation and parturition. NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play important roles in shaping neuronal firing patterns and hormone release from the SON MNCs in response to various physiological challenges. Our results show that prolonged (7 d) salt loading generated a Mg2+-resistant tonic NMDA current mediated by NR2D subunit-containing receptors, which efficiently activated nondepolarized VP (but not OT) neurons. Our findings support the hypothesis that NR2D subunit-containing NMDARs play an important adaptive role in adult brain in response to a sustained osmotic challenge.
Purinergic Signaling Controls Spontaneous Activity in the Auditory System throughout Early Development
Authors: Babola Travis A. , Li Sally , Wang Zhirong , Kersbergen Calvin J. , Elgoyhen Ana Belén , Coate Thomas M. , Bergles Dwight E. 
Published: December 2020

Spontaneous bursts of electrical activity in the developing auditory system arise within the cochlea before hearing onset and propagate through future sound-processing circuits of the brain to promote maturation of auditory neurons. Studies in isolated cochleae revealed that this intrinsically generated activity is initiated by ATP release from inner supporting cells (ISCs), resulting in activation of purinergic autoreceptors, K+efflux, and subsequent depolarization of inner hair cells. However, it is unknown when this activity emerges or whether different mechanisms induce activity during distinct stages of development. Here we show that spontaneous electrical activity in mouse cochlea from both sexes emerges within ISCs during the late embryonic period, preceding the onset of spontaneous correlated activity in inner hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, which begins at birth and follows a base to apex developmental gradient. At all developmental ages, pharmacological inhibition of P2Y1 purinergic receptors dramatically reduced spontaneous activity in these three cell types. Moreover,in vivoimaging within the inferior colliculus revealed that auditory neurons within future isofrequency zones exhibit coordinated neural activity at birth. The frequency of these discrete bursts increased progressively during the postnatal prehearing period yet remained dependent on P2RY1. Analysis of mice with disrupted cholinergic signaling in the cochlea indicate that this efferent input modulates, rather than initiates, spontaneous activity before hearing onset. Thus, the auditory system uses a consistent mechanism involving ATP release from ISCs and activation of P2RY1 autoreceptors to elicit coordinated excitation of neurons that will process similar frequencies of sound.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn developing sensory systems, groups of neurons that will process information from similar sensory space exhibit highly correlated electrical activity that is critical for proper maturation and circuit refinement. Defining the period when this activity is present, the mechanisms responsible and the features of this activity are crucial for understanding how spontaneous activity influences circuit development. We show that, from birth to hearing onset, the auditory system relies on a consistent mechanism to elicit correlate firing of neurons that will process similar frequencies of sound. Targeted disruption of this activity will increase our understanding of how these early circuits mature and may provide insight into processes responsible for developmental disorders of the auditory system.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Receptor Type 1 Activation in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Contributes to Glutamate Signaling and Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension
Authors: Woods Clara , Marques-Lopes Jose , Contoreggi Natalina H. , Milner Teresa A. , Pickel Virginia M. , Wang Gang , Glass Michael J. 
Published: December 2020

There are significant neurogenic and inflammatory influences on blood pressure, yet the role played by each of these processes in the development of hypertension is unclear. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) has emerged as a critical modulator of blood pressure and neural plasticity; however, the mechanism by which TNFα signaling contributes to the development of hypertension is uncertain. We present evidence that following angiotensin II (AngII) infusion the TNFα type 1 receptor (TNFR1) plays a key role in heightened glutamate signaling in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), a key central coordinator of blood pressure control. Fourteen day administration of a slow-pressor dose of AngII in male mice was associated with transcriptional and post-transcriptional (increased plasma membrane affiliation) regulation of TNFR1 in the PVN. Further, TNFR1 was shown to be critical for elevated NMDA-mediated excitatory currents in sympathoexcitatory PVN neurons following AngII infusion. Finally, silencing PVN TNFR1 prevented the increase in systolic blood pressure induced by AngII. These findings indicate that TNFR1 modulates a cellular pathway involving an increase in NMDA-mediated currents in the PVN following AngII infusion, suggesting a mechanism whereby TNFR1 activation contributes to hypertension via heightened hypothalamic glutamate-dependent signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInflammation is critical for the emergence of hypertension, yet the mechanisms by which inflammatory mediators contribute to this dysfunction are not clearly defined. We show that tumor necrosis factor α receptor 1 (TNFR1) in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), a critical neuroregulator of cardiovascular function, plays an important role in the development of hypertension in mice. In the PVN, TNFR1 expression and plasma membrane localization are upregulated during hypertension induced by angiotensin II (AngII). Further, TNFR1 activation was essential for NMDA signaling and the heightening NMDA currents during hypertension. Finally, TNFR1 silencing in the PVN inhibits elevated blood pressure induced by AngII. These results point to a critical role for hypothalamic TNFR1 signaling in hypertension.
АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЕ ЛИДЕРСТВО: ДВИЖЕНИЕ К ТРАНСПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ В РЕГИОНАЛЬНОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Воденко Константин Викторович , Дегтярев Александр Константинович , Иваненко Наталья Сергеевна 
Published: December 2020

Цель исследования. В данной статье актуализируется сложная проблема влияния академического лидерства на развитие транспрофессиональной идентичности, изменяющей облик современного инженера. Методология исследования. Реализуя заявленную цель исследования, авторский коллектив опирается на социоресурсный подход с включением процедур институционализма и функциональности.Результаты исследования. В результате обосновываются выводы об академическом лидерстве как исходном условии развития транспрофессиональной идентичности. Отмечается, что академическое лидерство как совокупность возможностей и условий для профессиональной подготовки влияет на транспрофессиональную идентичность, во‑первых, субстанционально как сохранение академизма в рамках инновационной активности и, во‑вторых, функционально в контексте закрепления транспрофессиональной идентичности как критерия принятия новых форм академического лидерства.Перспективы использования результатов исследования. Результаты исследования могут использоваться для дальнейших исследований академического лидерства в социально- гуманитарном дискурсе, а также для развития системы образования как на федеральном, так и региональном уровнях
gWFM: A Global Catalog of Moderate-Magnitude Earthquakes Studied Using Teleseismic Body Waves
Authors: Wimpenny Sam , Watson C. Scott 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a compilation of 2131 high-fidelity mechanisms and centroid depths of moderate-magnitude earthquakes derived using synthetic body-waveform modeling (the Global Waveform-Modelled Earthquake Catalog v1.0—gWFM), which can be visualized and downloaded online (see Data and Resources). In this article, we describe the methods used to construct the gWFM and present a comparison between the earthquake depths and focal mechanisms in the gWFM with those derived by the International Seismological Centre, Global Centroid Moment Tensor (Global CMT) project, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) W-phase, as well as 60 events studied using geodesy. We find that 20%–30% of the earthquakes in routine global catalogs have depths that differ by more than 10 km from those in the gWFM. Shallow-crustal earthquakes of Mw 5–6 are typically the worst located in depth by routine catalogs. Over 90% of the earthquakes in the gWFM are within ±15° in strike, ±5° in dip, and ±15° in rake of the Global CMT and USGS W-phase best double-couple moment tensor solutions. However, the mechanisms of shallow Mw 5–6 earthquakes in the routine catalogs can be inaccurate, due to the well-known insensitivity of long-period surface waves to the vertical dip-slip components of the moment tensor. The gWFM is an archive of well-constrained earthquake source parameters, though it will continue to update as new earthquake mechanisms and depths are published, thereby remaining an up-to-date research tool.
Monitoring Network Changes during the 2018 Kīlauea Volcano Eruption
Authors: Shiro Brian R. , Zoeller Michael H. , Kamibayashi Kevan , Johanson Ingrid A. , Parcheta Carolyn , Patrick Matthew R. , Nadeau Patricia , Lee Lopaka , Miklius Asta 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the summer of 2018, Kīlauea Volcano underwent one of its most significant eruptions in the past few hundred years. The volcano’s summit and East Rift Zone magma system partially drained, resulting in a series of occasionally explosive partial caldera collapses, and widespread lava flows in the lower East Rift Zone. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) operates a robust permanent monitoring network of about 250 stations, recording a variety of real-time data streams: seismic (short-period, broadband, strong-motion), infrasound, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), tilt, camera, laser rangefinder, and gas geochemistry. During the eruption, HVO staff quickly established 35 new temporary monitoring stations, to better constrain evolving volcanic hazards. The partial collapses of the caldera threatened to disrupt important telemetry links in the HVO monitoring network, and a major effort was undertaken in the midst of the eruption crisis to reroute radio telemetry and maintain continuity of data flow. In the process, a new data center was established in Hilo, to mitigate a long-standing potential single point of failure at the HVO facility. Over the course of the eruption from May through August, lava, ashfall, wildfire, and cliff collapse destroyed or disabled 36 stations. Thousands of earthquakes damaged the main HVO facility at Uēkahuna Bluff, causing staff to evacuate the building and relocate observatory operations in the midst of the eruption response, adding more complexity to the response effort. Throughout these events, the HVO team maintained the monitoring network, provided timely information to the public and emergency managers, and collected valuable scientific data to better understand Kīlauea Volcano.
The 31 March 2020 Mw 6.5 Stanley, Idaho, Earthquake: Seismotectonics and Preliminary Aftershock Analysis
Authors: Liberty Lee M. , Lifton Zachery M. , Dylan Mikesell T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report on the tectonic framework, seismicity, and aftershock monitoring efforts related to the 31 March 2020 Mw 6.5 Stanley, Idaho, earthquake. The earthquake sequence has produced both strike-slip and dip-slip motion, with minimal surface displacement or damage. The earthquake occurred at the northern limits of the Sawtooth normal fault. This fault separates the Centennial tectonic belt, a zone of active seismicity within the Basin and Range Province, from the Idaho batholith to the west and Challis volcanic belt to the north and east. We show evidence for a potential kinematic link between the northeast-dipping Sawtooth fault and the southwest-dipping Lost River fault. These opposing faults have recorded four of the five M≥6 Idaho earthquakes from the past 76 yr, including 1983 Mw 6.9 Borah Peak and the 1944 M 6.1 and 1945 M 6.0 Seafoam earthquakes. Geological and geophysical data point to possible fault boundary segments driven by pre-existing geologic structures. We suggest that the limits of both the Sawtooth and Lost River faults extend north beyond their mapped extent, are influenced by the relic trans-Challis fault system, and that seismicity within this region will likely continue for the coming years. Ongoing seismic monitoring efforts will lead to an improved understanding of ground shaking potential and active fault characteristics.
alteration in GDP due to new methods
Authors: Simran Nagra  
Published: December 2020

Gross Domestic product is the final value of goods and services produced within the geographical boundaries of a country during a specified period of time, normally a year. This single word is wide concept in itself which display the entire scenario of an economy. The change in the GDP calculations was devised by India’s statisticians working for the central Statistical Organisation that is under the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MOSPI), who released the new figures. There have been no changes so far in calculation of GDP leaving shift in base year. Changes have occured in GDP analysis like GDP which used to calculate at factor cost has been converted into market price and Central statistical organisation (CSO) has broadened the base to collect data analysis. Changes are making the increment in gross domestic product (GDP) by more than 40 per cent from 4.7 per cent in FY 2012-13 to 6.9 per cent (2013-14). This 40 per cent increment is due to change in methodology.The relevant data were collected from the specified documents, economic surveys and compiling data bases in order to analyze the material and arrive at more accurate comprehension regarding the data analysis of growth rate in the wider terms. The paper has shown that alterations which have been adopted, all are lifting the growth rate up whether it’s being due to change in method or being consideration of GDP deflators.
Control over resources: A Gender Perspective
Authors: Kumar Suchitra S 
Published: December 2020

This paper attempts to test gender differentials in order to ascertain whether access to economic resources makes any difference to the deprivation levels of the households headed by males and by females. The deprivation levels are based on the possessions at the household level of some basic social and physical amenities of life as used in the study conducted by K. Srinivasan and S. K. Mohanty (2004).Â The data used is Secondary data taken from the NFHS-2.Â The regression model applied in this paper explicitly controls the deprivation levels. The results show that there is no significant difference in male-headed families and female-headed families due to control over resources.Â
Indiaâ€™s Export Potential to Other SAARC Countries: A Gravity Model Analysis
Authors: Kaur Sandeep , Nanda Paramjit 
Published: December 2020

Indiaâ€™s export potential to other SAARC nations (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) was calculated with the help of gravity model of exports using panel data methodology (pooled model, fixed effect model and random effect model) by taking the time period 1981-2005. To find out the convergence and divergence of Indiaâ€™s exports to SAARC members, speed of convergence was used. Moreover, study has also tried to find whether there is convergence of the actual data towards the estimated equilibrium.Â The study reveals that there was presence of convergence in India exports with SAARC countries and in the other words, actual Indiaâ€™s exports to SAARC countries converged towards the estimated export potential. Among SAARC countries, Indiaâ€™s export potential exists for Maldives, Bhutan, Pakistan and Nepal. India is the only SAARC member that shares land border with four members and sea border with two. No other SAARC country shares a common border with each other. In terms of trade, commerce, investments etc., India is a source of potential investment and technology and a major market for products from all other SAARC members. Therefore, it is essentially in Indiaâ€™s interest to put her weight behind SAARC.Â Â Â