bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognition and comorbidity in postmenopausal women
Authors: Popov Artem , Izmozherova Nadezhda , Oboskalova Tatiana , Gavrilova Yelena , Safianik Yelena 
Published: July 2020

Objective: to assess frequency and clinical significance of cognitive function impairment in postmenopausal woman.
Methods: A cross-sectional study included 462 women under the age of 65. Arterial hypertension, carbohydrate metabolism impairment, chronic heart failure, coronary heart disease frequency were registered. Mini Mental State Examination was used to assess cognitive function.
Results: mild cognitive function impairment was found in 223 (48%) postmenopausal women, 28 cases (6%) of dementia were registered. Mild cognitive impairment was associated with arterial hypertension (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.16 – 2.64), chronic heart failure (OR 1.70; 1.16 – 2.49), dementia was associated with coronary heart disease (3.49; 1.54>7.89).
Conclusion: cognitive impairment is frequent in postmenopausal women and associated with arterial hypertension, chromic heart failure and coronary heart disease.
Nocardia spp.: A Rare Cause of Pneumonia Globally
Authors: Lynch Joseph P. , Reid Gail , Clark Nina M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMembers of the Nocardia genus are ubiquitous in the environment. These aerobic, gram-positive organisms can lead to life-threatening infection, typically in immunocompromised hosts such as solid organ transplant recipients or those receiving immunosuppressive medications for other reasons. This current review discusses the microbiology of nocardiosis, risk factors for infection, clinical manifestations, methods for diagnosis, and treatment. Nocardiosis primarily affects the lung but may also cause skin and soft tissue infection, cerebral abscess, bloodstream infection, or infection involving other organs. Although rare as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia, Nocardia can have severe morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with comorbidities or compromised immunity. Early diagnosis and timely initiation of therapy are critical to optimizing patient outcomes. Species identification is important in determining treatment, as is in vitro susceptibility testing. Sulfonamide therapy is usually indicated, although a variety of other antimicrobials may be useful, depending on the species and susceptibility testing. Prolonged therapy is usually indicated, for 6 to 12 months, and in some cases surgical debridement may be required to resolve infection.
Comparative Analysis on the Effects of Sarcopenia following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Matched-Control Analysis
Authors: Ardeljan Andrew D. , Polisetty Teja S. , Palmer Joseph , Vakharia Rushabh M. , Roche Martin W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite the high incidence of sarcopenia in the orthopaedic community, studies evaluating the influence of sarcopenia following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine if sarcopenic patients undergoing primary TKA have higher rates of (1) in-hospital lengths of stay (LOS); (2) medical complications; (3) implant-related complications; (4) fall risk; (5) lower extremity fracture risk; and (6) costs of care. Sarcopenia patients were matched to controls in a 1:5 ratio according to age, sex, and medical comorbidities. The query yielded 90,438 patients with (n = 15,073) and without (n = 75,365) sarcopenia undergoing primary TKA. Primary outcomes analyzed included: in-hospital LOS, 90-day medical complications, 2-year implant-related complications, fall risk, lower extremity fracture risk, and costs of care. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Patients with sarcopenia undergoing primary TKA had greater in-hospital LOS (4 vs. 3 days, p < 0.0001). Sarcopenic patients were also found to have increased incidence and odds of 90-day medical complications (2.9 vs. 1.1%; odds ratio [OR] = 2.83, p < 0.0001), falls (0.9 vs. 0.3%; OR = 3.54, p < 0.0001), lower extremity fractures (1.0 vs. 0.2%; OR = 5.54, p < 0.0001), and reoperation (0.9 vs. 0.5%; OR = 1.87, p < 0.0001). Additionally, sarcopenic patients had greater 2-year implant-related complications (4.3 vs. 2.4%; OR = 1.80, p < 0.0001), as well as day of surgery ($52,900 vs. 48,248, p < 0.0001), and 90-day ($68,303 vs. $57,671, p < 0.0001) costs compared with controls. This analysis of over 90,000 patients demonstrates that patients with sarcopenia undergoing primary TKA have greater in-hospital LOS, increased odds of 90-day medical complications, falls, lower extremity fractures, and reoperations. Additionally, sarcopenia was associated with greater 2-year implant-related complications, day of surgery costs, and 90-day costs. The study is useful as it can allow orthopaedic surgeons to properly educate these patients of the potential complications which may occur following their surgery.
A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Telerehabilitation Interventions for Therapeutic Purposes in the Elderly
Authors: Velayati Farnia , Ayatollahi Haleh , Hemmat Morteza 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Many elderly people suffer from chronic health conditions and mobility limitations. Therefore, they may benefit from traditional rehabilitation or telerehabilitation interventions as an alternative for this type of services.
Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of telerehabilitation interventions with traditional rehabilitation services for therapeutic purposes in the elderly.
Methods This systematic review was conducted in 2018. The searched databases were Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ProQuest. The search was conducted with no time or language limitation. The selected papers included the randomized clinical trial studies in which elderly people aged 60 and over used telerehabilitation services for treatment purposes. The quality of the studies was evaluated by using the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. Data were extracted by using a data extraction form and findings were narratively synthesized.
Results After screening the retrieved papers, eight articles were selected to be included in the study. According to the findings, telerehabilitation was used for the elderly after stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), total knee replacement, and in patients with the comorbidity of COPD and chronic heart failure. Overall, in most studies, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups and the level of improvements was similar for most outcomes.
Conclusion Telerehabilitation services can be regarded as an alternative to traditional rehabilitation approaches to reduce outpatient resource utilization and improve quality of life. However, more rigorous studies are suggested to investigate the effectiveness of telerehabilitation services for specific diseases or health conditions.
Lower Blepharoplasty Three-Dimensional Volume Assessment after Fat Pad Transposition and Concomitant Fat Grafting
Authors: Cristel Robert T. , Caughlin Benjamin P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLower blepharoplasty is a commonly performed procedure to improve the aesthetic of the lower eyelid and upper midface. Combined fat pad transposition and fat grafting has not been previously studied using three-dimensional (3D) analysis. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the benefits of fat pad transposition with concomitant autologous fat grafting in lower blepharoplasty and to determine quantitative volumetric effects on the tear trough and lower periorbital region using VectraXT 3D imaging and analysis. A retrospective review was performed to identify patients undergoing primary lower blepharoplasty with combined fat pad transposition and fat grafting. The study time period was from September 2017 to March 2019 with a mean 6.5-month postoperative follow-up. This study was performed in a private practice institution (Kovac Cosmetic Center, Oakbrook Terrace, IL). Nine subjects were enrolled in the study with four males and five females. All subjects underwent lower blepharoplasty with combined fat pad transposition and fat grafting without any additional procedures. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were taken with the VectraXT 3D camera system and software. 3D photographs were then compared to assess the volume changes in the periorbital region. The volume in the lower periorbital region was assessed using 3D analysis. All subjects were found to have an increase in volume in the periorbital region. There was a mean volume gain of 2.84 mL on the right and 2.87 mL on the left. There was no statistical difference among volume gains between sides (p = 0.95). Combined fat pad transposition and autologous fat grafting is an effective procedure for improving the tear trough deformity and periorbital area. The use of 3D volume assessment is able to accurately measure and quantify the volume changes of the postoperative results.
Indian Society of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care (ISNACC) Position Statement and Advisory for the Practice of Neuroanesthesia during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jangra Kiran , Manohar Nitin , Bidkar Prasanna U. , Vanamoorthy Ponniah , Gupta Devendra , Rath Girija P. , Monteiro Joseph , Panda Nidhi , Sriganesh Kamath , Hrishi Ajay P. , Das Bhibukalyani , Yadav Rahul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major health emergency in today’s time. In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China was attributed to a novel coronavirus. The World Health Organization declared it as a pandemic. As the majority of the cases suffering from COVID-19 are mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic, it becomes a great challenge to identify the infected persons in the absence of extensive testing. In the hospital environment, it can infect several other vulnerable patients and healthcare providers, significantly impacting the hospital services. Anesthesiologists are at an increased risk of COVID-19 transmission from the patients, as they are frequently involved in several aerosol-generating procedures. It is not possible to identify asymptomatic COVID-19 patients solely based on history-taking during their first point of contact with the anesthesiologists at the preanesthetic checkup clinic.Most of the neurosurgical conditions are of urgent in nature and cannot be postponed for a longer duration. In view of this, the position statement and practice advisory from the Indian Society of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care (ISNACC) provides guidance to the practice of neuroanesthesia in the present scenario. The advisory has been prepared considering the current disease status of the COVID-19 pandemic, available literature, and consensus from experts in the field of neuroanesthesiology. Since the pandemic is still progressing and the nature of the disease is dynamic, readers are advised to constantly look for updated literature from ISNACC and other neurology and neurosurgical societies.
Boundaries at play
Authors: Machicao y Priemer Antonio , Fritz-Huechante Paola 
Published: July 2020

Summary
In this paper, we model the left-bounded state reading and the true reflexive reading of the se
clitic in the Spanish psychological domain. We argue that a lexical analysis of se provides us with a more
accurate description of the different classes of psychological verbs that occur with the clitic. We provide a unified analysis
where the use of the two readings of se are modeled by means of lexical rules. We take the morphologically simple
but semantically more complex basic items (e.g. asustar ‘frighten’) as input of the lexical rules, getting as the
output a morphologically more complex but semantically simpler verb (e.g asustarse ‘get frightened’). The
analysis for psych verbs correctly allows only those verbs assigning accusative to the experiencer or the stimulus to combine with
se, hence preventing dative verbs from entering the lexical rules. The analysis also demonstrates how to
account for punctual and non-punctual readings of psych verbs with se
incorporating ‘boundaries’ into the type hierarchy of eventualities.
The coupling of matter and spacetime geometry
Authors: Jiménez Jose Beltrán , Heisenberg Lavinia , Koivisto Tomi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The geometrical formulation of gravity is not unique and can be set up in a variety of spacetimes. Even though the gravitational sector enjoys this freedom of different geometrical interpretations, consistent matter couplings have to be assured for a steady foundation of gravity. In generalised geometries, further ambiguities arise in the matter couplings unless the minimal coupling principle (MCP) is adopted that is compatible with the principles of relativity, universality and inertia. In this work, MCP is applied to all standard model gauge fields and matter fields in a completely general (linear) affine geometry. This is also discussed from an effective field theory perspective. It is found that the presence of torsion generically leads to theoretical problems. However, symmetric teleparallelism, wherein the affine geometry is integrable and torsion-free, is consistent with MCP. The generalised Bianchi identity is derived and shown to determine the dynamics of the connection in a unified fashion. Also, the parallel transport with respect to a teleparallel connection is shown to be free of second clock effects.
Far-field and near-field directionality in acoustic scattering
Authors: Wei Lei , Rodríguez-Fortuño Francisco J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Far-field directional scattering and near-field directional coupling from simple sources have recently received great attention in photonics: beyond circularly-polarized dipoles, whose directional coupling to evanescent waves was recently applied to acoustics, the near-field directionality of modes in optics includes phased combinations of electric and magnetic dipoles, such as the Janus dipole and the Huygens dipole, both of which have been experimentally implemented using high refractive index nanoparticles. In this work we extend this to acoustics: we propose the use of high acoustic index scatterers exhibiting phased combinations of acoustic monopoles and dipoles with far-field and near-field directionality. All solutions stem from the elegant angular spectrum of the acoustic source, in close analogy to electromagnetism. A Huygens acoustic source with zero backward scattering is proposed and numerically demonstrated, as well as a Janus source achieving face-selective and position-dependent evanescent coupling to nearby acoustic waveguides.
Tsirelson Polytopes and randomness generation
Authors: Bierhorst Peter , Zhang Yanbao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We classify the extreme points of a polytope of probability distributions in the (2,2,2) CHSH-Bell setting that is induced by a single Tsirelson bound. We do the same for a class of polytopes obtained from a parametrized family of multiple Tsirelson bounds interacting non-trivially. Such constructions can be applied to device-independent random number generation using the method of probability estimation factors (2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 040304(R)). We demonstrate a meaningful improvement in certified randomness applying the new polytopes characterized here.
Tension and compression effect on mechanical properties of Fe and B2
Authors: Huang Gang , Zhang Qingdong , Li Shuo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The elastic constants, ideal strength, band structure and electronic density state of Fe and B2 under tension and compression were studied by using the first principle. The structural parameters calculated at 0 pressure are consistent with the experimental results. The dependence of elastic constant and stress can be obtained by using static finite strain technique. The ideal tensile and compressive strength of Fe and B2 were studied by calculating the stress-strain relationship. At last, the micro mechanism which affects the stability of the structure was analyzed by using the results of electronic structure calculation. The results show that the compressive strength of Fe and B2 structure is higher than the tensile strength. When the stress of cell structure exceeds a limit, it will be destroyed, resulting in the sudden decrease of Poisson’s ratio, B and G, the asymmetry of energy band structure and the decrease of electron density of state energy.
The Effect of Brood Quantity on Nest Site Choice in theTemnothorax rugatulus(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Sasaki Takao , Briner Jennifer E , Pratt Stephen C 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnt colonies are self-organized systems, meaning that complex collective behavior emerges from local interactions among colony members without any central control. Self-organized systems are sensitive to initial conditions, whereby small random effects are amplified through positive feedback and have a large influence on collective outcomes. This sensitivity has been well demonstrated in collective decision-making by ants that use mass recruitment via trail pheromones, where it is attributed to the highly nonlinear relationship between the amount of pheromone on a trail and its effectiveness at attracting recruits. This feature is absent in many species, such as the rock ant Temnothorax rugatulus (Emery) whose tandem run recruitment shows a linear relationship between effort and effectiveness. Thus, these ants may have other behavioral responses that amplify initial differences during collective choices. We investigated this by testing whether nest site selection is influenced by small differences in the amount of brood at competing sites. Our results show that T. rugatulus colonies prefer a nest containing brood items to an empty nest, even when the brood-containing nest has only one brood item. When both nests have brood, colonies prefer the nest that contains more. However, as the numbers of brood items becomes more similar, this preference becomes weaker. Moreover, the smaller the difference in brood number, the more likely are colonies to split between sites. We discuss potential behavioral mechanisms for the observed effect, as well as its implications for number sense in ants.
Hypothesis testing for phylogenetic composition: a minimum-cost flow perspective
Authors: Wang Shulei , Cai T Tony , Li Hongzhe 
Published: July 2020

SummaryQuantitative comparison of microbial composition from different populations is a fundamental task in various microbiome studies. We consider two-sample testing for microbial compositional data by leveraging phylogenetic information. Motivated by existing phylogenetic distances, we take a minimum-cost flow perspective to study such testing problems. We first show that multivariate analysis of variance with permutation using phylogenetic distances, one of the most commonly used methods in practice, is essentially a sum-of-squares type of test and has better power for dense alternatives. However, empirical evidence from real datasets suggests that the phylogenetic microbial composition difference between two populations is usually sparse. Motivated by this observation, we propose a new maximum type test, detector of active flow on a tree, and investigate its properties. We show that the proposed method is particularly powerful against sparse phylogenetic composition difference and enjoys certain optimality. The practical merit of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation studies and an application to a human intestinal biopsy microbiome dataset on patients with ulcerative colitis.
A decision-theoretic approach to Bayesian clinical trial design and evaluation of robustness to prior-data conflict
Authors: Calderazzo Silvia , Wiesenfarth Manuel , Kopp-Schneider Annette 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Bayesian clinical trials allow taking advantage of relevant external information through the elicitation of prior distributions, which influence Bayesian posterior parameter estimates and test decisions. However, incorporation of historical information can have harmful consequences on the trial’s frequentist (conditional) operating characteristics in case of inconsistency between prior information and the newly collected data. A compromise between meaningful incorporation of historical information and strict control of frequentist error rates is therefore often sought. Our aim is thus to review and investigate the rationale and consequences of different approaches to relaxing strict frequentist control of error rates from a Bayesian decision-theoretic viewpoint. In particular, we define an integrated risk which incorporates losses arising from testing, estimation, and sampling. A weighted combination of the integrated risk addends arising from testing and estimation allows moving smoothly between these two targets. Furthermore, we explore different possible elicitations of the test error costs, leading to test decisions based either on posterior probabilities, or solely on Bayes factors. Sensitivity analyses are performed following the convention which makes a distinction between the prior of the data-generating process, and the analysis prior adopted to fit the data. Simulation in the case of normal and binomial outcomes and an application to a one-arm proof-of-concept trial, exemplify how such analysis can be conducted to explore sensitivity of the integrated risk, the operating characteristics, and the optimal sample size, to prior-data conflict. Robust analysis prior specifications, which gradually discount potentially conflicting prior information, are also included for comparison. Guidance with respect to cost elicitation, particularly in the context of a Phase II proof-of-concept trial, is provided.
Learning in Finnish Social Work Practice and Research
Authors: Tirronen Anniina , Kinder Tony , Stenvall Jari 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Accepting Bartlett’s vision of social work’s evolution resulting from action research, the article argues that in Finland, extensive action research is occurring, and this is resulting in service innovations. However, little of this research is published in academic journals and has only limited dissemination. Drawing on data from new interviews with experienced social workers in the City of Tampere, Finland, the article details the nature and extent of action research by social workers. A new framework with which to analyse action research from the logic-of-practice is used to show not only how extensive the action research is, but also how readily situated action research can be analysed from a broader perspective, making dissemination easier.
Cryptic species and taxonomic troubles: a rebuttal of the systematic treatment of the Asian ladies’ tresses orchids (Spiranthesspecies; Orchidaceae) by Paceet al.(2019)
Authors: Surveswaran Siddharthan , Gowda Vinita , Sun Mei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a recent research article by Pace et al. (2019), the authors claimed to have used information from phenology, morphology and molecular phylogenetics in their nomenclatural review of the Spiranthes sinensis complex. However, there are several scientific and botanical nomenclature issues with the Pace et al. (2019) paper in addition to its many errors and misinformation, which can be severely misleading and have the potential to affect our understanding of the highly complex Asian Spiranthes group. Here, we compare and critique their study in light of our study published prior to the article in the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. We suggest that the authors should have resorted to improved and new molecular data and a truly integrative analysis to support: (1) re-circumscription of the S. sinensis species complex for each of the six species they recognized, and the treatment of S. hongkongensis as a hybrid; and (2) all the new synonymies they proposed for Asian Spiranthes.