bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climacturia After Radical Prostatectomy: MRI-Based Predictors
Authors: Sullivan John F. , Ortega Yanira , Matsushita Kazuhito , Choi Judy M. , Elterman Dean , Akin Oguz , Nelson Christian J. , Sandhu Jaspreet S. , Mulhall John P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
After radical prostatectomy (RP), climacturia is a prevalent and distressing problem. To date, no specific predictors have been identified.

Aim
In this analysis, we sought to find associated pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters.

Methods
We identified all men in our departmental database who (i) had climacturia post-RP, ≥3 episodes; (ii) underwent a pre-RP endorectal MRI; (iii) had no radiation or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Soft tissue and bony dimensions were measured by 2 raters blinded to clinical and pathological data.

Outcomes
MRI parameters included the following: maximum height, width, and depth of prostate, prostate volume, urethral width and length, lower conjugate of pelvis, bony femoral width, outer and inner levator distances and thickness. Point-biserial correlations were run on univariate associations. Logistic regression was used for the multivariable model.

Results
194 consecutive pre-RP MRI studies were reviewed (56 men with and 138 without climacturia). Mean age was 60 ± 7 years, average time post-RP at assessment, 7 ± 7 months. Of MRI parameters, urethral width (r = 0.13, P = .03) and lower conjugate (r = 0.12, P = .05) were associated with presence of persistent climacturia. 2 others met criteria for multivariable analysis, prostate depth and outer levator distance. Of the non-MRI parameters, none were significantly related to climacturia and only body mass index (BMI) met criteria for multivariable analysis. On multivariable analysis, only urethral width was associated with climacturia (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01–1.49, P = .04); the wider the urethra, greater the chance of climacturia.

Clinical Implications
Improved ability to predict the occurrence of orgasm-associated incontinence in the preoperative setting.

Strengths and Limitations
Limitations include the fact that the MRI endorectal probe may have distorted pelvic tissues during imaging and that our study population size was small. However, prospective data collection, blinded measurements by 2 trained readers, and rigorous statistical analysis should be considered strengths.

Conclusion
By identifying preoperative risk factors, such as urethral width on MRI, we may be able to better understand the pathophysiology of this condition and furthermore may permit us to better counsel men regarding this postoperative outcome.
Using the MCRISP Network for Surveillance of Pediatric Exanthema in Child Care Centers
Authors: Mahajan Aditi , DeJonge Peter , Modi Sarang , Chedid Khalil , Hayashi Michael , Martin Emily T. , Bradin Stuart , Hashikawa Andrew N. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:Systematic monitoring of exanthema is largely absent from public health surveillance despite emerging diseases and threats of bioterrorism. Michigan Child Care Related Infections Surveillance Program (MCRISP) is the first online program in child care centers to report pediatric exanthema.Methods:MCRISP aggregated daily counts of children sick, absent, or reported ill by parents. We extracted all MCRISP exanthema cases from October 1, 2014 through June 30, 2019. Cases were assessed with descriptive statistics and counts were used to construct epidemic curves.Results:360 exanthema cases were reported from 12,233 illnesses over 4.5 seasons. Children ages 13-35 months had the highest rash occurrence (45%, n = 162), followed by 36-59 months (41.7%, n = 150), 0-12 months (12.5%, n = 45), and kindergarten (0.8%, n = 3). Centers reported rashes of hand-foot-mouth disease (50%, n = 180), nonspecific rash without fever (15.3%, n = 55), hives (8.1%, n = 29), fever with nonspecific rash (6.9%, n = 25), roseola (3.3%, n = 12), scabies (2.5%, n = 9), scarlet fever (2.5%, n = 9), impetigo (2.2%, n = 8), abscess (1.95, n = 7), viral exanthema without fever (1.7%, n = 6), varicella (1.7%, n = 6), pinworms (0.8%, n = 3), molluscum (0.6%, n = 2), cellulitis (0.6%, n = 2), ringworm (0.6%, n = 2), and shingles (0.2%, n = 1).Conclusion:Child care surveillance networks have the potential to act as sentinel public health tools for surveillance of pediatric exanthema outbreaks.
Wasta: Advancing a Holistic Model to Bridge the Micro-Macro Divide
Authors: Ali Sa'ad , Weir David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article offers a synthesis of understandings ofwasta, seen as a form of social network prevalent in the Arab Middle East. Whilst there has been increasing interest in this practice, research remains fragmented and has been criticised for its limited theoretical rigor. To address this issue, a systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles exploringwastapublished between 1993 and 2019 was conducted. We analysed the identified papers according to the theoretical lens from whichwastawas viewed, creating a bridge between a theoretical focus on the macro aspect ofwastaand an alternative focus on its micro aspects, leading to the development of a holistic model ofwasta. The model also helps us to understand the complexity ofwasta, both as the network itself and as the social ties that exist among its members, and sheds light on the complex nature of the role and interactions of thewasta. The findings respond to calls for more holistic and inclusive research to inform social networks research and bridge the micro–macro divide. This article offers recommendations to future researchers to build on the holistic and emic approach towastaresearch adopted here.
On the Bieri–Neumann–Strebel–Renz invariants of residually free groups
Authors: Kochloukova Dessislava H. , Lima Francismar Ferreira 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe calculate the Bieri–Neumann–Strebel–Renz invariant Σ1(G) for finitely presented residually free groups G and show that its complement in the character sphere S(G) is a finite union of finite intersections of closed sub-spheres in S(G). Furthermore, we find some restrictions on the higher-dimensional homological invariants Σn(G, ℤ) and show for the discrete points Σ2(G)dis, Σ2(G, ℤ)dis and Σ2(G, ℚ)dis in Σ2(G), Σ2(G, ℤ) and Σ2(G, ℚ) that we have the equality Σ2(G)dis = Σ2(G, ℤ)dis = Σ2(G, ℚ)dis.
The Conscription of Greek Ottomans into the Sultan's Army, 1908–1912
Authors: Peçe Uğur Z. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the reinstatement of the parliament in 1908, the Ottoman state faced new challenges connected to citizenship. As a policy to finally make citizens equal in rights as well as duties, military conscription figured prominently in this new context. For the first time in Ottoman history, the empire's non-Muslims began to be drafted en masse. This article explores meanings of imperial citizenship and equality through the lens of debates over the conscription of Greek Ottomans, the largest non-Muslim population of the Ottoman Empire. In contrast to the widespread suggestion of the Turkish nationalist historiography on these matters, Greek Ottomans and other non-Muslim populations enthusiastically supported the military service in principle. But amidst this general agreement was a tremendous array of views on what conscription ought to look like in practice. The issue came to center on whether Greek Ottomans should have separate battalions in the army. All units would eventually come to be religiously integrated, but the conscription debates in the Ottoman parliament as well as in the Turkish and Greek language press reveal some of the crucial fissures of an empire as various actors were attempting to navigate between a unified citizenship and a diverse population.
Subsidising rice and sugar? The Public Distribution System and Nutritional Outcomes in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: BARTELL JANITA , FLEDDERJOHANN JASMINE , VELLAKKAL SUKUMAR , STUCKLER DAVID 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIndia’s main food and nutrition security programme, the Public Distribution System (PDS), provides subsidised rice and sugar to deprived households. Using longitudinal data from Young Lives for Indian children (n = 2,944) aged 5 to 16 years, we assessed whether PDS subsidies skewed diets towards sugar and rice consumption, increasing risk of stunting (low height-for-age). Linear regression models were used to quantify additional rice and sugar consumption associated with accessing the PDS, and the association with stunting linked to consumption. Controlling for sociodemographics, accessing the PDS was positively, significantly associated with consumption of rice (30g/day) and sugar (7.05g/day). There was no evidence that this increase corresponded to nutritional improvements. Each 100g increase in daily rice intake was associated with a lower height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and no decline in stunting. Results were robust to alternative model specifications. There was no evidence that receipt of PDS rice and sugar was associated with improvements in child nutrition.
A Comparison of Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement Strategies with Intra-Arterial Measurement
Authors: Rebesco Matthew R. , Pinkston M. Cornelia , Smyrnios Nicholas A. , Weisberg Stacy N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroduction:It is difficult to obtain an accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement, especially in the prehospital environment. It is not known fully how various BP measurement techniques differ from one another.Study Objective:The study hypothesized that there are differences in the accuracy of various non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement strategies as compared to the gold standard of intra-arterial (IA) measurement.Methods:The study enrolled adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with radial IA catheters placed to measure radial intra-arterial blood pressure (RIBP) as a part of their standard care at a large, urban, tertiary-care Level I trauma center. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was taken by three different NIBP techniques (oscillometric, auscultated, and palpated) and compared to RIBP measurements. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test with dependent samples to detect differences between RIBP measurements and each NIBP method. The primary outcome was the difference in RIBP and NIBP measurement. There was also a predetermined subgroup analysis based on gender, body mass index (BMI), primary diagnosis requiring IA line placement, and current vasoactive medication use.Results:Forty-four patients were enrolled to detect a predetermined clinically significant difference of 5mmHg in SBP. The patient population was 63.6% male and 36.4% female with an average age of 58.4 years old. The most common primary diagnoses were septic shock (47.7%), stroke (13.6%), and increased intracranial pressure (ICP; 13.6%). Most patients were receiving some form of sedation (63.4%), while 50.0% were receiving vasopressor medication and 31.8% were receiving anti-hypertensive medication. When compared to RIBP values, only the palpated SBP values had a clinically significant difference (9.88mmHg less than RIBP; P < .001). When compared to RIBP, the oscillometric and auscultated SBP readings showed statistically but not clinically significant lower values. The palpated method also showed a clinically significant lower SBP reading than the oscillometric method (5.48mmHg; P < .001) and the auscultated method (5.06mmHg; P < .001). There was no significant difference between the oscillometric and auscultated methods (0.42mmHg; P = .73).Conclusion:Overall, NIBPs significantly under-estimated RIBP measurements. Palpated BP measurements were consistently lower than RIBP, which was statistically and clinically significant. These results raise concern about the accuracy of palpated BP and its pervasive use in prehospital care. The data also suggested that auscultated and oscillometric BP may provide similar measurements.
Faculty Perceptions of Political Science PhD Career Training
Authors: Berdahl Loleen , Malloy Jonathan , Young Lisa 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIn face of the ongoing discrepancy between the number of political science PhD graduates and the availability of permanent academic positions, in this article we consider attitudes of faculty members towards options to address this issue. Based on a survey of faculty members in PhD-granting political science programs at English-speaking Canadian universities, we find considerable support for both reducing the number of PhD students admitted and reforming curriculum to ensure graduates cultivate skills transferable to non-academic environments. At the same time, faculty members are inclined to believe that PhD students themselves should shoulder the greatest responsibility for career preparation.
Cooperation amongst insurers on enhancing quality of care: precondition or substitute for competition?
Authors: Stolper Karel C. F. , Boonen Lieke H.H.M. , Schut Frederik T. , Varkevisser Marco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn health care systems based upon managed competition, insurers are expected to negotiate with providers about price and quality of care. The Dutch experience, however, shows that quality plays a limited role in insurer–provider negotiations. It has been suggested that this is partly due to a lack of cooperation among insurers. This raises the question whether cooperation amongst insurers is a precondition or a substitute for quality-based competition. To answer this question, we mapped insurers' cooperating activities to enhance quality of care using a six-stage continuum. The first three stages (defining, designing and measuring quality indicators) may enhance competition, whereas the next three stages (setting benchmarks, steering patients and selective contracting) may reduce it. We investigated which types of insurer cooperation currently take place in the Netherlands. Additionally, we organized focus groups among insurers, providers and other stakeholders to examine their perceptions on insurer cooperation. We find that all stakeholders see advantages of cooperation amongst insurers in the first stages of the continuum and sometimes cooperate in this domain. Cooperation in the next stages is almost absent and more controversial because without adequate quality information, it is difficult to assess whether the benefits outweigh the cost associated with reduced competition.
Solar Wind Electron Parameters Determination on Wind Spacecraft Using Quasi‐Thermal Noise Spectroscopy
Authors: Martinović Mihailo M. , Klein Kristopher G. , Gramze Savannah R. , Jain Himanshu , Maksimović Milan , Zaslavsky Arnaud , Salem Chadi , Zouganelis Ioannis , Simić Zoran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuasi‐thermal noise (QTN) spectroscopy has been extensively used as an accurate tool to measure electron density and temperature in space plasmas. If the antenna length to radius ratio is sufficiently large, a typical measured spectrum clearly shows a resonance at the electron plasma frequency and a lower frequency plateau that quantify the electron distributions. The Wind spacecraft, with its long, thin antennas, is considered the mission par excellence for the implementation of the QTN method. However, a major issue in applying QTN spectroscopy is contamination from signals other than the ubiquitous plasma noise in the vicinity of plasma frequency, affecting the measured spectra and confusing their physical interpretation. In this work, we present a new method for selecting the observations of uncontaminated QTN, distinguishing it from other plasma and spacecraft effects. The selected measurements are used to obtain accurate values for both thermal and suprathermal electron parameters. Testing of the method on 1.5M observations under various conditions in the solar wind, including slow and fast wind and solar transients, confirms the reliability and accuracy of the method with no systematic flaws.
Sea Ice Formation in a Coupled Climate Model Including Grease Ice
Authors: Mackie Shona , Langhorne Patricia J. , Heorton Harold D. B. S. , Smith Inga J. , Feltham Daniel L. , Schroeder David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSea ice formation processes occur on subgrid scales, and the detailed physics describing the processes are therefore not generally represented in climate models. One likely consequence of this is the premature closing of areas of open water in model simulations, which may result in a misrepresentation of heat and gas exchange between the ocean and atmosphere. This work demonstrates the implementation of a more realistic model of sea ice formation, introducing grease ice as a wind and oceanic stress‐dependent intermediary state between water and new sea ice. We use the fully coupled land‐atmosphere‐ocean‐sea ice model, HadGEM3‐GC3.1 and perform a three‐member ensemble with the new grease ice scheme from 1964 to 2013. Comparing our sea ice results with the existing ensemble without grease ice formation shows an increase in sea ice thickness and volume in the Arctic. In the Antarctic, including grease ice processes results in large local changes to both simulated sea ice concentration and thickness, but no change to the total area or volume.
CircRNA TADA2A relieves idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting proliferation and activation of fibroblasts
Authors: Li Juan , Li Ping , Zhang Guojun , Qin Pan , Zhang Da , Zhao Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe excessive activation and proliferation of lung fibroblasts are responsible for the abundant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), while its specific mechanism is still unknown. This study focuses on the role of circRNA (circ) TADA2A in functional abnormalities of lung fibroblasts and aims to elaborate its regulatory mechanism. In the present study, circTADA2A was downregulated in both IPF primary human lung fibroblasts and human IPF fibroblastic cell lines. Functionally, the overexpression of circTADA2A repressed the activation and proliferation of normal human fibroblastic cell line induced by several fibrogenic growth factors. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), luciferase reporter assays, and RNA pull-down, circTADA2A was confirmed to function as sponges of miR-526b and miR-203, thus releasing the expression of Caveolin (Cav)-1 and Cav2. The overexpression of circTADA2A suppressed lung-fibroblasts activation via Cav1 and reduced lung-fibroblasts proliferation via Cav2. In vivo experiments also confirmed that the overexpression of circTADA2A decreased fibrogenic responses induced by bleomycin in lung-fibrosis mice. Collectively, circTADA2A repressed lung-fibroblasts activation via miR-526b/Cav1 and reduced lung-fibroblasts proliferation via miR-203/Cav2, thus inhibiting the excessive deposition of ECM and relieving IPF.
SCFSKP2 regulates APC/CCDH1-mediated degradation of CTIP to adjust DNA-end resection in G2-phase
Authors: Li Fanghua , Mladenov Emil , Mortoga Sharif , Iliakis George 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe cell cycle-dependent engagement of DNA-end resection at DSBs is regulated by phosphorylation of CTIP by CDKs, the central regulators of cell cycle transitions. Cell cycle transitions are also intimately regulated by protein degradation via two E3 ubiquitin ligases: SCFSKP2 and APC/CCDH1 complex. Although APC/CCDH1 regulates CTIP in G1– and G2-phase, contributions by SCFSKP2 have not been reported. We demonstrate that SCFSKP2 is a strong positive regulator of resection. Knockdown of SKP2, fully suppresses resection in several cell lines. Notably, this suppression is G2-phase specific and is not observed in S-phase or G1–phase cells. Knockdown of SKP2 inactivates SCFSKP2 causing APC/CCDH1 activation, which degrades CTIP. The stabilizing function of SCFSKP2 on CTIP promotes resection and supports gene conversion (GC), alternative end joining (alt-EJ) and cell survival. We propose that CDKs and SCFSKP2-APC/CCDH1 cooperate to regulate resection and repair pathway choice at DSBs in G2-phase.
Impact of PepT1 deletion on microbiota composition and colitis requires multiple generations
Authors: Viennois Emilie , Pujada Adani , Sung Junsik , Yang Chunhua , Gewirtz Andrew T. , Chassaing Benoit , Merlin Didier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNumerous studies of knockout mice find impacts on microbiota composition that influence host phenotype. However, such differences can vanish when KO mice are compared directly to WT littermates, suggesting these differences do not reflect the genetic deletion per se but microbiota composition drifting over generations. Hence, our hypothesis that absence of di/tri-peptide transporter PepT1 altered microbiota composition resulting in resistance to colitis compelled scrutiny. In this study, we used PepT1−/−and WT founder mice bred separately for multiple generations. Such mice were then bred to each other to generate F1 PepT1−/−and WT littermates, which were then bred within their genotype to generate F2, F3, and F4, offspring. Here we report that founder PepT1−/−mice were, relative to their WT counterparts, resistant to DSS colitis. Such resistance was associated with alterations in gut microbiota, which, when transplanted to germfree mice, was sufficient to transfer resistance to colitis. Such differences were not observed when comparing F1 PepT1−/−to F1 WT littermates but rather, returned gradually over subsequent generations such that, relative to their F4 WT controls, F4 PepT1−/−displayed microbiota composition and colitis-resistant phenotype nearly identical to the founder PepT1−/−mice. Our findings indicate a role for PepT1 in influencing microbiota composition and, consequently, proneness to colitis and cancer. Overall, our study indicates that littermate-controlled experiments can be insufficient for assessing microbiota-dependent phenotypes and prevent a full comprehension of genotype-driven phenomena. Rather, impact of a single genetic alteration on microbiota and host phenotype may take generations to manifest.
Quantum chemical calculations for over 200,000 organic radical species and 40,000 associated closed-shell molecules
Authors: St. John Peter C. , Guan Yanfei , Kim Yeonjoon , Etz Brian D. , Kim Seonah , Paton Robert S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe stabilities of radicals play a central role in determining the thermodynamics and kinetics of many reactions in organic chemistry. In this data descriptor, we provide consistent and validated quantum chemical calculations for over 200,000 organic radical species and 40,000 associated closed-shell molecules containing C, H, N and O atoms. These data consist of optimized 3D geometries, enthalpies, Gibbs free energy, vibrational frequencies, Mulliken charges and spin densities calculated at the M06-2X/def2-TZVP level of theory, which was previously found to have a favorable trade-off between experimental accuracy and computational efficiency. We expect this data to be useful in the further development of machine learning techniques to predict reaction pathways, bond strengths, and other phenomena closely related to organic radical chemistry.