bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free and kerogen‐bound biomarkers from late Tonian sedimentary rocks record abundant eukaryotes in mid‐Neoproterozoic marine communities
Authors: Zumberge J. Alex , Rocher Don , Love Gordon D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLipid biomarker assemblages preserved within the bitumen and kerogen phases of sedimentary rocks from the ca. 780–729 Ma Chuar and Visingsö Groups facilitate paleoenvironmental reconstructions and reveal fundamental aspects of emerging mid‐Neoproterozoic marine communities. The Chuar and Visingsö Groups were deposited offshore of two distinct paleocontinents (Laurentia and Baltica, respectively) during the Tonian Period, and the rock samples used had not undergone excessive metamorphism. The major polycyclic alkane biomarkers detected in the rock bitumens and kerogen hydropyrolysates consist of tricyclic terpanes, hopanes, methylhopanes, and steranes. Major features of the biomarker assemblages include detectable and significant contribution from eukaryotes, encompassing the first robust occurrences of kerogen‐bound regular steranes from Tonian rocks, including 21‐norcholestane, 27‐norcholestane, cholestane, ergostane, and cryostane, along with a novel unidentified C30 sterane series from our least thermally mature Chuar Group samples. Appreciable values for the sterane/hopane (S/H) ratio are found for both the free and kerogen‐bound biomarker pools for both the Chuar Group rocks (S/H between 0.09 and 1.26) and the Visingsö Group samples (S/H between 0.03 and 0.37). The more organic‐rich rock samples generally yield higher S/H ratios than for organic‐lean substrates, which suggests a marine nutrient control on eukaryotic abundance relative to bacteria. A C27 sterane (cholestane) predominance among total C26–C30 steranes is a common feature found for all samples investigated, with lower amounts of C28 steranes (ergostane and crysotane) also present. No traces of known ancient C30 sterane compounds; including 24‐isopropylcholestanes, 24‐n‐propylcholestanes, or 26‐methylstigmastanes, are detectable in any of these pre‐Sturtian rocks. These biomarker characteristics support the view that the Tonian Period was a key interval in the history of life on our planet since it marked the transition from a bacterially dominated marine biosphere to an ocean system which became progressively enriched with eukaryotes. The eukaryotic source organisms likely encompassed photosynthetic primary producers, marking a rise in red algae, and consumers in a revamped trophic structure predating the Sturtian glaciation.
Turkey's Geographical Limitation: The Legal Implications of an Eventual Lifting
Authors: Güler Arzu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBeing a Contracting Party to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its Protocol with geographical limitation, Turkey provides conditional refugee status, not refugee status, to persons feeling persecution as a result of events occurring outside Europe. This study focuses on the rights of conditional refugees under Turkish laws and questions whether these rights comply with or diverge from the rights of refugee under the Convention. It draws conclusions on the significance and challenging character of the identified divergences and on the changes that Turkey needs to make in its laws in case of an eventual lifting.
Implementation of advanced practice nursing for orthopaedic patients in the emergency care context – A study protocol for outcome studies
Authors: Boman Erika , Duvaland Elisabeth , Gaarde Kim , Leary Alison , Fagerström Lisbeth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the implementation of advanced practice nursing in emergency care in Norway for patients with orthopaedic injuries, including hip fractures. The outcomes relate to quality of care and patient trust.DesignA non‐inferiority study comparing an advanced practice nursing care model with a standard (physician‐led) care model.MethodsData will be collected from patient records and through the Patient Trust Questionnaire, completed by patients. The data will be analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Funding for the research was granted in 2015 and the regional ethical committee approved the current study in February 2019.DiscussionIn Norway and the other Nordic countries, advanced practice nursing is still in its infancy, especially in the emergency care context. This study will evaluate advanced practice nursing in this new context.ImpactThe study will add to knowledge on the quality of care provided for orthopaedic patients with minor orthopaedic injuries or hip fractures as delivered by advanced practice nurses and physicians, respectively. It will also evaluate how well‐advanced practice nursing is accepted by patients in this new context.
Reduction of visual and auditory stimuli to reduce pain during venipuncture in premature infants. Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bonjorn Juarez Maria , Manrique Pons Meritxell , Grau Alcón Laia , Martinez‐Momblan María Antonia , Alonso‐Fernández Sergio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of the reduction of visual and auditory stimuli on pain during venipuncture in premature newborns of 32–36 weeks of gestation.DesignOpen, randomized, non‐blind parallel clinical trial.MethodStudy to take place at the neonatal intensive care unit of a University Hospital in 2019–2021. Fifty‐six recently born babies between 32‐36 weeks of gestation will participate. The dependent variable is the level of pain determined using the premature infant pain profile instrument. The intervention will be assigned randomly using the random.org software. Data analysis will be carried out using the IBM SPSS v.25 software assuming a level of significance of 5%.DiscussionThe evidence for the efficacy of reducing sensory stimulation and its effect on pain in minor procedures has not been studied in depth. There are no studies that evaluate the reduction of visual and auditory stimuli in a combined way.ImpactIt is easy to incorporate the reduction of visual and auditory stimuli into nursing practice. The results of this study could have a direct impact on clinical practice.Trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04041635
The impact of a personalised action plan delivered at discharge to patients with COPD on readmissions: a pilot study
Authors: Hegelund Annette , Andersen Ingrid Charlotte , Andersen Marianne N. , Bodtger Uffe 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundSelf‐management interventions in COPD, including action plans, have the potential to increase quality of life and to reduce respiratory‐related hospitalisations. However, knowledge is still sparse of the effectiveness of a personally tailored action plan introduced at or right after discharge from hospital.AimThis pilot study aimed to test whether a personalised, stepwise action plan supported with a short instruction provided at or postdischarge after an acute exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admission as an addition to usual care reduces readmissions and symptom burden, including anxiety and depression levels at 3‐month follow‐up.MethodsThe study was carried out in a randomised controlled design with follow‐up after 3 months. In all, 75 participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group that received an action plan, including the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), or to a control group that received usual care. The incidence of COPD‐related readmissions was measured as the primary outcome.ResultsCompared to the control group, the action plan group significantly reduced the incidence of readmissions. The action plan group showed a trend towards a significant decrease in HADS‐depression, but none in HADS‐anxiety. Significant improvements in CAT scores were observed for the participants in the intervention group. Only inferior minor differences were found in use of inhalation therapy.ConclusionsA personally tailored action plan introduced at or postdischarge combined with follow‐up support is an effective self‐management tool to support recovery and to reduce unnecessary readmissions. In future follow‐up care, the healthcare professional must initiate the action plan at discharge and immediately after having the opportunity to follow the patient at home. This might require healthcare professionals working across healthcare sectors, who support patients until they have the needed confidence and competence in using the plan.
Staff strategies for dealing with care situations at an emergency department
Authors: Frank Catharina , Elmqvist Carina 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionOvercrowding is a common international problem at Emergency Departments often due to those patients get recommendations or referrals from other health professionals to seek care at the emergency department. Crowding brings with it an amount of adverse consequences for both patients and staff, and knowledge about staff’s strategies of dealing with this caring situation is limited.AimThe aim of the present study was thus to describe staffs’ strategies to deal with the caring situations at an emergency department.MethodSecondary analysis has been made of 18 qualitative interviews grounded in a lifeworld perspective. The interviews were analysed by qualitative content analysis.FindingsThe results showed that the staff at the ED worked in twofold directions using both proactive and reactive strategies in order to deal with the care situation when caring for patients at ED. The proactive strategy is optimising conditions, controlling patient flow and being boundary. The reactive strategy is about customising the conversation and holding an open approach.ConclusionIn conclusion, the proactive strategy is to make what you decided for unseen circumstances. The reactive strategy is then about less anticipation of the encounter, waiting for the patient to act and react to it.ImplicationThe result can have implications with respect to developing and improving care at crowded Emergency departments. Knowledge about strategies creates a fundament for developing visible sustainable structure for patient flow in making work patient safety for patients, staff and organisation.
Cambios en el modelo de atención de personas con multimorbilidad crónica: una revisión narrativa
Authors: Barros Urzua Jorge , Zamorano Pichard Paula , Varela Yuraszeck Teresita , Irazoqui Soto Esteban , Téllez Téllez Alvaro 
Published: December 2019

Muchos países deben enfrentarse al rápido aumento de personas viviendo con alguna condición crónica de salud. En Chile, según datos entregados por la última encuesta nacional de salud, se ha estimado que la población con alguna condición crónica es de 11 millones de personas, de las cuales un 81% presenta multimorbilidad. Este grupo tiene una menor calidad de vida, una mayor mortalidad ajustada por edad, mayor utilización de recursos del sistema de salud, así como un mayor riesgo de hospitalización y una estadía hospitalaria más prolongada. Metodología: revisión narrativa de la literatura para lograr identificar como se ha organizado el cuidado de los pacientes con multimorbilidad a lo largo del tiempo y como se han ido desarrollando estrategias que buscan un abordaje distinto. Resultados: los sistemas de salud se han organizado con un enfoque centrado en la enfermedad, lo que genera que los pacientes reciban un cuidado fragmentado, ineficiente e inefectivo, sin lograr dimensionar la complejidad de la persona y su contexto biopsicosocial. Los sistemas de salud, principalmente en Europa han desarrollado diversas iniciativas que buscan cambiar la perspectiva desde el cuidado centrado en la enfermedad al cuidado centrado en la persona Conclusiones: se puede concluir que la multimorbilidad es un problema que afecta a millones de personas en el mundo y que los servicios y sistemas de salud necesitan hacer un cambio hacia un modelo centrado en la persona de forma de dar respuestas a las necesidades de este grupo de pacientes.
European Dreams and European Nightmares in Prewar Donetsk
Authors: Risch William Jay 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article is based on interviews with and questionnaires completed by Donetsk area residents when the author visited the city January 7–17, 2014. They demonstrate that, at least among Donbas area residents with higher education, there were possibilities for building a “European dream” that Euromaidan protesters in Kyiv championed. Fighting for the rule of law, human rights, and an end to corruption—values identified with the Euromaidan—could have transcended Ukraine’s regional divisions. Even those skeptical of “European values” still agreed that they belonged to one nation with differing political objectives. Yet the manipulation of the Kyiv protests by politicians, outbursts of violence in Kyiv, continued stereotypes of Ukraine’s regions, and complex economic ties with Russia and Europe made this European dream elusive. Escalating violence in January 2014 and the sudden implosion of the regime of Viktor Yanukovych the next month polarized public opinion in Donetsk. Due to manipulations by local politicians, pro-Russian activists, and pro-Russian propaganda in local media, Donetsk residents and others in the Donbas protested the Kyiv “Junta” and demanded greater rights for their region. The ensuing geopolitical battle brought about greater Russian intervention, both politically and militarily, making it impossible for civil society to resist the sudden emergence of separatist republics. As pro-Russian activists and armed militants, some from across the Russian border, terrorized pro-Ukrainian citizens and Euromaidan activists, the European dream in Donetsk came to an end for the foreseeable future.
Fighting Fire with Fire? “Muslim” Political Parties in the Netherlands Countering Right-Wing Populism in the City of Rotterdam
Authors: Loukili Sakina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article explores the emergence of Muslim-majority political party DENK in Dutch politics by focusing on two encounters before the 2018 local elections in Rotterdam. It explains the circumstances of DENK’s rise and success and argues that social media plays a central role. By analysing social media data, the author demonstrates that the party counters right-wing populist discourse by making use of the local context and particular on- and offline strategies. In addition, the article shows that a novel development is taking place concerning Muslim political participation in the Netherlands, which is part of a broader trend in Western Europe.
From Dionysius to al-Ġazālī
Authors: Treiger Alexander 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present article reports the discovery of a previously unknown ninth-century Arabic paraphrase of Dionysius the Areopagite and demonstrates that this paraphrase was accessible to al-Ġazālī (and, probably, to other authors, notably the Brethren of Purity). It also proves that this paraphrase was produced by the same translator as the Doxography of Pseudo-Ammonius. The doctrinal content of the Arabic Dionysian paraphrase is then analyzed in relation to Arabic Neoplatonic texts as well as al-Ġazālī’s writings. The influence of Gregory of Nyssa and John of Damascus on some Arabic philosophical texts (notably al-Kindī’s Book of Definitions) is also considered. The origin of “Interpositional Neoplatonism” (i.e., the kind of Neoplatonism that interposes an intermediate hypostasis between the First Principle and the Intellect) is examined. The Appendix discusses the relationship between the Doxography of Pseudo-Ammonius and Hippolytus of Rome’s Refutatio omnium haeresium.
Prospective Trial of Functional Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies in Graves Disease
Authors: Kahaly George J , Diana Tanja , Kanitz Michael , Frommer Lara , Olivo Paul D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Context
Scarce data exist regarding the relevance of stimulatory (TSAb) and blocking (TBAb) thyrotropin receptor antibodies in the management of Graves disease (GD).

Objective
To evaluate the clinical utility and predictive value of TSAb/TBAb.

Design
Prospective 2-year trial.

Setting
Academic tertiary referral center.

Patients
One hundred consecutive, untreated, hyperthyroid GD patients.

Methods
TSAb was reported as percentage of specimen-to-reference ratio (SRR) (cutoff SRR &lt; 140%). Blocking activity was defined as percent inhibition of luciferase expression relative to induction with bovine thyrotropin (TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone) alone (cutoff &gt; 40% inhibition).

Main Outcome Measures
Response versus nonresponse to a 24-week methimazole (MMI) treatment defined as biochemical euthyroidism versus persistent hyperthyroidism at week 24 and/or relapse at weeks 36, 48, and 96.

Results
Forty-four patients responded to MMI, of whom 43% had Graves orbitopathy (GO), while 56 were nonresponders (66% with GO; P &lt; 0.01). At baseline, undiluted serum TSAb but not thyroid binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) differentiated between thyroidal GD-only versus GD + GO (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, at baseline, responders demonstrated marked differences in diluted TSAb titers compared with nonresponders (P &lt; 0.001). During treatment, serum TSAb levels decreased markedly in responders (P &lt; 0.001) but increased in nonresponders (P &lt; 0.01). In contrast, TBII strongly decreased in nonresponders (P = 0.002). All nonresponders and/or those who relapsed during 72-week follow-up period were TSAb-positive at week 24. A shift from TSAb to TBAb was noted in 8 patients during treatment and/or follow-up and led to remission.

Conclusions
Serum TSAb levels mirror severity of GD. Their increase during MMI treatment is a marker for ongoing disease activity. TSAb dilution analysis had additional predictive value.
A Contemporary View of the Definition and Diagnosis of Osteoporosis in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ward Leanne M , Weber David R , Munns Craig F , Högler Wolfgang , Zemel Babette S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The last 2 decades have seen growing recognition of the need to appropriately identify and treat children with osteoporotic fractures. This focus stems from important advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of bone fragility, the natural history and predictors of fractures in chronic conditions, the use of bone-active medications in children, and the inclusion of bone health screening into clinical guidelines for high-risk populations. Given the historic focus on bone densitometry in this setting, the International Society for Clinical Densitometry published revised criteria in 2013 to define osteoporosis in the young, oriented towards prevention of overdiagnosis given the high frequency of extremity fractures during the growing years. This definition has been successful in avoiding an inappropriate diagnosis of osteoporosis in healthy children who sustain long bone fractures during play. However, its emphasis on the number of long bone fractures plus a concomitant bone mineral density (BMD) threshold ≤ −2.0, without consideration for long bone fracture characteristics (eg, skeletal site, radiographic features) or the clinical context (eg, known fracture risk in serious illnesses or physical-radiographic stigmata of osteoporosis), inappropriately misses clinically relevant bone fragility in some children. In this perspective, we propose a new approach to the definition and diagnosis of osteoporosis in children, one that balances the role of BMD in the pediatric fracture assessment with other important clinical features, including fracture characteristics, the clinical context and, where appropriate, the need to define the underlying genetic etiology as far as possible.
A A parent participation proposal: Benefiting from the field expert teacher parents on teaching of course subjects
Authors: Karabacak Kerim 
Published: December 2019

This research has been realized to determine whether students’ academic success increases when teacher parents as expert in their fields teach courses instead of classroom teachers with the aim of giving a parent participation proposal. In the research, the study group includes 4th grade elementary school students which has been realized experimentally in controlled pre-test and final test model. Success test developed by the researcher has been used as data collection instrument which is determined with sampling method with aimed study group in the research. Paired groups t-test has been user in the data analysis. According to the research findings, when field expert teacher parents enter the course and when these are compared with the courses which classroom teachers enter, it has been determined that academic success of the students increase at the same level. However, the result of permanence of the knowledge being higher has been reached when compared with the courses which classroom teachers enter. According to the results, it is proposed that field expert teacher parents should enter the courses of classroom teachers in teaching of some subjects. This also can be accepted as a new parent participation proposal.
​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.

Özet
Bu araştırma bir veli katılım önerisinde bulunmak amacı ile konu alanında uzman olan öğretmen velilerin sınıf öğretmeninin yerine ders vermesinin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarını arttırıp arttırmadığını belirlemek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kontrollü ön test ve son test modelinde deneysel olarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmada, çalışma grubu ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma grubu amaçlı örnekleme yöntemine göre belirlenmiş olan araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen başarı testi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde eşleştirilmiş gruplar t-testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre alan uzmanı öğretmen velilerin sınıf öğretmenlerinin yerine derslere girmesinin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarının, sınıf öğretmenlerinin girmiş oldukları dersler ile karşılaştırıldığında aynı düzeyde arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ancak öğrenilen bilgilerin kalıcılığı ise sınıf öğretmenlerinin girmiş oldukları derslere göre daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre bazı konuların öğretiminde o alanda uzman öğretmen velilerin sınıf öğretmenlerinin derslerine girmesi önerilmektedir. Bu da yeni bir veli katılım önerisi olarak kabul edilebilir.
Freedom of Expression in Ukraine: (Non)sustainable Constitutional Tradition
Authors: Slinko Tatiana , Uvarova Olena 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Freedom of expression is one of the prerequisites for the formation and existence of a democratic society; it belongs among the universal values of paramount importance, because it allows not only to freely express own views, but also reveal the potential of the individual. In addition, it is considered (and it is justified) as one of the main and unconditional achievements of the political reform that is being carried out in Ukraine. The guarantee of freedom of expression, which has the highest political normative content, is, on the one hand, the most important asset of an organic constitution, and on the other hand, serves as the main function of the constitution as a legal source that reflects and responds to the interests of civil society.
However, the real challenge for the unsustainable constitutional tradition that still retains some signs of the post-Soviet model of regulation is the need to balance freedom of expression under the conditions of threats to national security. What should be the proper mechanism for guaranteeing freedom of expression at the constitutional level? How strong is the danger that the state violates the requirement of constitutionality in the case of restrictions on freedom of expression for the sake of national security? How does the post-Soviet tradition of legal regulation manifest itself in deciding which model of guaranteeing freedom of expression is chosen by the state? What is the role of the tradition of respect for personal autonomy and the value of tolerance of a society in guaranteeing freedom of expression? The article is devoted to finding answers to these questions.