bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
pH‐Dependent Fluorescence Quenching of Rhodamine 6G by Graphene Oxide: A Comprehensive Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Si Jiarui , Liu Yikang , Jiang Yuanfei , Chen Yutong , Chen Anmin , Jin Mingxing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe fluorescence quenching behavior of rhodamine 6G (R6G) by graphene oxide (GO) under varying pH conditions was investigated. Utilizing steady‐state fluorescence spectroscopy, single‐photon counting, and ultrafast time‐resolved absorption spectroscopy, we explored the quenching efficiency at pH values of 3, 7, and 11. Our findings reveal that GO effectively quenches R6G fluorescence across all tested pH levels, with the most significant quenching observed at pH 7. This quenching efficiency is attributed to optimal electrostatic interactions and efficient charge transfer between GO and R6G at neutral pH. At pH 3, the quenching efficiency is moderately reduced due to partial protonation of GO, which weakens electrostatic interactions but maintains hydrogen bonding. At pH 11, the quenching efficiency is lowest, likely due to increased electrostatic repulsion and reduced charge transfer resulting from deprotonation of GO. Ultrafast time‐resolved absorption spectroscopy further confirmed the dynamic nature of the quenching process, showing distinct differences in relaxation kinetics across the pH spectrum. This study highlights the critical role of pH in modulating the quenching mechanisms of GO and R6G, providing valuable insights for the design of pH‐sensitive fluorescence sensing systems.
Reaction‐Based Fluorescence Assays for the Determination of Food Trimethylamine Oxide
Authors: Peng Danfeng , Huang Xinxin , Wang Qiling , Huang Liying , Liu Fang , Xia Xiaotong , Liu Fangle , Cai Chun , Deng Tao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTrimethylamine oxide (TMAO), a microbial metabolite commonly found in foods, has been attracting increasing attention as it is associated with the risk of several diseases. Simple and accurate analytical methods are crucial for TMAO study. In the present study, we proposed a chemical reaction‐based fluorescence assay for TMAO detection using synthetic small molecular probes. After systematic screening and optimization, the sensitive and selective quantification of TMAO has been achieved based on a fluorescence probe P6 (3‐iodopropanyl group modified resorufin). Excellent linearity (R2 = 0.997) was found between 6.25 and 50 μM, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.20 μM. Using this method, TMAO levels in several marine fishes and shellfishes have been successfully analyzed. The probe‐based assay offers a simple and useful way for TMAO determination. The design is inspired by the unique oxidation reaction between TMAO and halogen, which opens a new perspective in the development of more advanced analytical assays for TMAO in the future.
Fast and Incremental 3D Model Renewal for Urban Scenes With Appearance Changes
Authors: Xiong Yuan , Zhou Zhong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUrban 3D models with high‐resolution details are the basis of various mixed reality and geographic information systems. Fast and accurate urban reconstruction from aerial photographs has attracted intense attention. Existing methods exploit multi‐view geometry information from landscape patterns with similar illumination conditions and terrain appearance. In practice, urban models become obsolete over time due to human activities. Mainstream reconstruction pipelines rebuild the whole scene even if the main part of them remains unchanged. This paper proposes a novel wrapping‐based incremental modeling framework to reuse existing models and renew them with new meshes efficiently. The paper illustrates a pose optimization method with illumination‐based augmentation and virtual bundle adjustment. Besides, a high‐performance wrapping‐based meshing method is proposed for fast reconstruction. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher performance and quality than state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of Convolvulus oxyphyllus Extracts
Authors: Masood Najat , Younes Kareem M. , Alshammari Rawan S. , Abunayyan Norah M. , Alanazi Tahani Y. A. , Magam Sami 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAs a member of the Convolvulaceae family, Convolvulus oxyphyllus is used in many medicinal contexts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological potency of plant methanolic extracts and determine the main bioactive components that give them their potencies. Using in vitro biological tests, the effects of plant extracts on cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity were investigated. The results showed that C. oxyphyllus methanolic extracts exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris, as well as good antioxidant activity comparable to ascorbic acid. Methanolic leaf extract exhibited maximum cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cancer cells, producing cell cycle arrest at the S phase. In addition, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to further analyze chemical makeup of leaf extract. 3‐Hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol were among the bioactive substances discovered. In conclusion, C. oxyphyllus leaves extract showed encouraging antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties. More research is needed to determine C. oxyphyllus's therapeutic potential for treating liver cancer.
The Chemical Recovery of PMMA into Monomer
Authors: Yang Xi‐Man , Wang Xiao‐Yan , Tang Yong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPolymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), commonly known as plexiglass, is widely used in the areas of aircraft, automobile, construction and transplants, due to its high mechanical strength, good corrosion resistance, and excellent compatibility with human tissue. With the increase in production and usage of PMMA, the vast accumulation of PMMA waste has posed a challenge to the recycling of PMMA waste. However, at present, only less than 10 % of PMMA is recycled each year. The cost‐effective chemical recovery of PMMA into monomer with high efficiency has attracted wide attention and has become one of the hot research subjects. The chemical recovery of PMMA into monomer are realized mainly via two approaches, including the pyrolysis of common PMMA at high temperature and the depolymerization of end‐functionalized PMMA under mild conditions. The second approach has emerged and achieved significant progresses in the past several years. Herein, we provide a review about the researches of chemical recovery of PMMA into monomer. Firstly, the pyrolysis of general PMMA at high temperature is illustrated by typical research works. Subsequently, the depolymerization of end‐functionalized PMMA under mild conditions is highlighted and discussed, as this approach is more in line with the green and sustainable development of polymer chemistry.
Highly Efficient Spectral Measurement Methods Using Newly Developed High‐Throughput Magnetic Circularly Polarized Luminescence System
Authors: Suzuki Satoko , Kaneta Akio , Santria Anas , Oyama Taiji , Nishikawa Hiroyuki , Imai Yoshitane , Akao Ken‐ichi , Ishikawa Naoto 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMagnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL) spectroscopy is widely used to evaluate the luminescence dissymmetry factor (gMCPL) for compounds. However, even for the same instrument and operating conditions, the measured gMCPL is affected by errors associated with sources such as baseline drift and spectral noise, and so the range of variation of gMCPL must be considered when comparing values, which requires multiple measurements for the same sample. Also, because many samples undergo photodegradation under excitation light, it is difficult to accumulate and average spectra for samples with weak MCPL signals to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio. Single measurements must therefore be performed on multiple samples and the results averaged. Furthermore, for samples with a small Stokes shift, spectral correction is required to compensate for the intensity reduction due to the inner‐filter effect (IFE). Such measurements are generally performed manually and are therefore time consuming and prone to human error. Here, we demonstrate the use of a newly developed high‐throughput MCPL system to automatically measure MCPL and fluorescence spectra of multiple samples of phthalocyanine complexes with high efficiency and reduced human errors. This system allows the incorporation of effective countermeasures to the issues of gMCPL variation, sample photodegradation, extremely weak MCPL signals, and the IFE.
A dual‐space multilevel kernel‐splitting framework for discrete and continuous convolution
Authors: Jiang Shidong , Greengard Leslie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe introduce a new class of multilevel, adaptive, dual‐space methods for computing fast convolutional transformations. These methods can be applied to a broad class of kernels, from the Green's functions for classical partial differential equations (PDEs) to power functions and radial basis functions such as those used in statistics and machine learning. The DMK (dual‐space multilevel kernel‐splitting) framework uses a hierarchy of grids, computing a smoothed interaction at the coarsest level, followed by a sequence of corrections at finer and finer scales until the problem is entirely local, at which point direct summation is applied. Unlike earlier multilevel summation schemes, DMK exploits the fact that the interaction at each scale is diagonalized by a short Fourier transform, permitting the use of separation of variables, but without relying on the FFT. This requires careful attention to the discretization of the Fourier transform at each spatial scale. Like multilevel summation, we make use of a recursive (telescoping) decomposition of the original kernel into the sum of a smooth far‐field kernel, a sequence of difference kernels, and a residual kernel, which plays a role only in leaf boxes in the adaptive tree. At all higher levels in the grid hierarchy, the interaction kernels are designed to be smooth in both physical and Fourier space, admitting efficient Fourier spectral approximations. The DMK framework substantially simplifies the algorithmic structure of the fast multipole method (FMM) and unifies the FMM, Ewald summation, and multilevel summation, achieving speeds comparable to the FFT in work per gridpoint, even in a fully adaptive context. For continuous source distributions, the evaluation of local interactions is further accelerated by approximating the kernel at the finest level as a sum of Gaussians (SOG) with a highly localized remainder. The Gaussian convolutions are calculated using tensor product transforms, and the remainder term is calculated using asymptotic methods. We illustrate the performance of DMK for both continuous and discrete sources with extensive numerical examples in two and three dimensions.
Velvet: An alternative high‐yielding peppermint clone for oil production
Authors: Kippes Nestor , Culp Darrin , Wilson Robert G. , Dowd Eric , Comai Luca , Henry Isabelle M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPeppermint oil is one of the most widely recognized natural flavors. It is mainly produced commercially by extraction from two main types of cultivars: Black Mitcham (Mentha × piperita L.), a sterile polyploid and the backbone of peppermint oil production in the United States, and Arvensis (Mentha arvensis L.), the main cultivar used for peppermint oil extraction in India. Here, we present the identification of an accession called Velvet that is publicly available at the US National Plant Germplasm System and exhibits potential as an alternative peppermint‐type oil producer. Despite its original classification as a diploid, we found that Velvet exhibits a nuclear DNA content close to that of Black Mitcham and higher than those of diploid and tetraploid mint accessions, suggesting a high ploidy level. A trial for cut date optimization suggested that one cut, between 117 and 124 days after sowing, is the optimal strategy for oil production. Analytic profiles of the oil produced by Velvet across years confirmed that Velvet produces a peppermint‐type oil with high menthol content (67%), and an overall oil profile similar but distinguishable from that produced by Mentha arvensis clones. Multi‐year field trials showed that Velvet exhibits great potential for mint oil production, with up to 38% yield increase compared to the control, Black Mitcham. The identification of an additional peppermint‐type oil producer presents new opportunities for farmers and the mint industry in their search for new superior clones, but also new germplasm to help decipher the genetic basis underlying peppermint oil production.
Analysis and Modeling of Fractional Order LC Series Resonant Boost Converter Based on Fractional Calculus and Laplace Transform
Authors: Ma Chentao , Zhu Xiaoquan , Chen Ziwen , Hou Jintao , Zhang Bo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBased on the fractional‐order (FO) characteristics of inductors and capacitors, many basic PWM DC–DC converters are defined and modeled by FO calculus in previous studies, but the research of FO resonant dc converters is still in its early stage. Therefore, this paper adopts FO calculus and Laplace transform to model and analyze a ZCS boost converter with an LC resonant tank, which mainly focuses on the influence of the FO component on the soft switching characteristics, converter efficiency, and output voltage gain of this isolated dc converter. This paper extends the topology to the fractional order domain and conducts FO modeling. The order of the resonant inductor and capacitor will affect the amplitude/phase of the resonant current and then affect the converter ZCS characteristic. The analysis demonstrates that the reduction of FOI and FOC order is not conducive to the ZCS of switching devices and converter efficiency. Based on the voltage and current relationship of the FO LC resonant tank, a parameter design guideline is presented. Numerical tools are used to solve the FO output voltage gain and draw the gain curve. And the order of FOI and FOC provides new flexibility for the converter output gain and soft switching design. Finally, simulations and a 360 W hardware experimental prototype are conducted to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of theoretical analysis.
Effect of Ion‐Neutral Collisions on the Plasma Sheath in the Presence of Surface‐Produced Negative Ions
Authors: Samanta Sutapa , Moulick Rakesh , Bhuyan P. J. , Saikia B. J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe effect of ion‐neutral collisions on the plasma sheath has been investigated for electronegative plasma in the presence of surface‐produced negative ions. Such sheath structures are commonly found in the negative ion sources. It has been found that ion‐neutral collisions reduce the ion velocity towards the sheath and consequently reduce the negative ion production from the surface. The space charge profile shows peak near the sheath edge in contrast to the common case where it has a peak near the wall. The fractional loss of the ions at the wall along with the ion impact energy is calculated.
Does Motility‐Restricting Fibrosis Influence Dispersal? An Experiment in Nature With Threespine Stickleback
Authors: Heckley Alexis M. , Bolnick Daniel I. , Dinh Francis , Hendry Andrew P. , Steinel Natalie C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDispersal can affect individual‐level fitness and population‐level ecological and evolutionary processes. Factors that affect dispersal could therefore have important eco‐evolutionary implications. Here, we investigated the extent to which an inflammation and tissue repair response—peritoneal fibrosis—which is known to restrict movement, could influence dispersal by conducting a mark‐recapture experiment in a lake in Alaska with threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculatus). A subset of captured stickleback were injected with aluminium phosphate to experimentally induce fibrosis (‘treatment group’), and another subset were injected with saline or received no injection—both of which do not induce fibrosis (‘control group’). We released all fish at one introduction point and re‐sampled stickleback throughout the lake for 8 days. We recaptured 123 individuals (n = 47 fibrosis treatment; n = 76 control) and dissected them to determine fibrosis levels. Overall, fibrosis did not affect dispersal. Some compelling (but not statistically significant) trends suggest that early‐stage inflammation may affect dispersal, providing opportunities for future work. By showing that effects on dispersal are not important side effects of fibrosis, these findings improve our understanding of the ecological implications of immune responses.
Scalable Hierarchical‐Colored Passive Cooling Metapaint for Outdoor Facility
Authors: Yang Maiping , Zhou Zikang , Liu Mingxiang , Wu Jiawei , Li Jiaxin , Liang Jun , Zhang Shiliang , Chen Mingyue , Zeng Hongtao , Li Xiaofeng , Han Hao , Hou Chong , Tao Guangming 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe temperature of metal‐based facilities rises significantly under high outdoor solar irradiation, leading to serious safety accidents. The application of active cooling technology poses challenges due to its high energy consumption, especially in complex outdoor environments. Passive cooling devices with high solar reflection and thermal emission can continuously cool objects under sunlight. However, the white or silvery passive cooling devices do not meet the need for aesthetics and specific demands. Here, we present a hierarchical metapaint for outdoor facilities that simultaneously achieve vibrant color and passive cooling ability. The top layer selectively absorbs visible wavelengths to display desired colors, while the underlayer boosts the reflection of near‐to‐short wavelength infrared (NSWIR) light to prevent solar heating. The metapaint‐coated metal is resistant to high and low temperatures, acidic and alkaline environments, and simulated seawater. It also has satisfactory anti‐fouling properties. When compared to metal coated without commercial paint, the hierarchical passive cooling paint (metapaint) coated metal can cool up to 9.7°C and 17.1°C. The metapaint has excellent passive cooling performance, attributed to its broad‐spectrum selective regulation function. Our work offers a simple, inexpensive, and scalable approach to reduce cooling energy usage and promote a low‐carbon lifestyle.
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A Clustering‐Based Loading History Selection Method for the Calibration of Buckling‐Restrained Braces in Seismic Analysis
Authors: Zhang Hongzhou , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Christopoulos Constantin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe accuracy of engineering demand parameters obtained from nonlinear time‐history analysis (NTHA) is crucial in a performance‐based earthquake engineering framework. Hysteretic models are commonly used for predicting the nonlinear response of critical structural components and are essential for ensuring the accuracy of NTHA results. Hysteretic models are typically calibrated based on the experimental data from a quasi‐static test utilizing a standardized reversed‐cyclic loading protocol. Recent studies, however, have shown that this conventional model calibration method may lead to inaccurate dynamic response of a structural system because the standardized reversed‐cyclic loading history (LH) is unrealistic compared to what the component would experience in a structural system subjected to earthquake ground motions. These studies have demonstrated the benefits of using more realistic LHs for hysteretic model calibration by evaluating the calibration relevance (CR) of different calibration methods. The objective of this study is to extend the framework of evaluating calibration methods and to provide additional insights and recommendations to enhance the robustness of model calibrations. This is achieved by analyses conducted on a suite of buckling‐restrained braced frames (BRBFs). First, a comprehensive global sensitivity analysis (GSA) of parameters for a commonly used hysteretic model is conducted based on a probabilistic input model that was derived previously from multiple hybrid simulations. The GSA is conducted by evaluating Sobol’ indices using a metamodel‐based approach with polynomial chaos expansions (PCEs). Next, 20 features are extracted from each realistic LH considering the characteristics in the transitional and plastic ranges of the corresponding hysteresis curve. A clustering‐based LH selection criterion based on these features is then proposed to identify an optimal cluster of LHs exhibiting greater CR values, which are desirable in achieving higher accuracy in the global model of the structural system.
Front Cover
Authors: Goodman Christopher D. , DeMonte Franco , Nguyen Theresa P. , Garden Adam S. , Wang Catherine He , Wang Xin A. , Diao Kevin , Lee Anna , Reddy Jay , Moreno Amy , Spiotto Michael , Fuller Clifton D. , Rosenthal David , Ferrarotto Renata , Raza Shaan M. , Su Shirley Y. , Warner Andrew , Hanna Ehab , Phan Jack 
Published: December 2024

The cover image is based on the article A prospective cohort study on stereotactic radiotherapy in the management of dural recurrence of olfactory neuroblastoma by Christopher D. Goodman MD et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.27887.image
Large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney effectively treated by nivolumab and ipilimumab
Authors: Okubo Nodoka , Kabuto Takashi , Kobayashi Hisato , Kimura Junya , Imamura Yoshiaki , Seki Masaya , Inamura So , Taga Minekatsu , Fukushima Masato , Terada Naoki 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionNeuroendocrine tumors originating in the kidney are rare, and standard treatments are not established.Case presentationAn 80‐years‐old man was referred to our hospital with renal dysfunction and a left renal mass. Based on CT and bone scintigraphy results, he was diagnosed as having a large left renal tumor with a thrombus in the inferior vena cava, harboring lymph node, liver, lung, and left iliac bone metastasis. The renal biopsy indicated a large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Treatment with nivolumab + ipilimumab was introduced. The local and metastatic tumors had shrunk. Subsequently, treatment with nivolumab has remained effective for >2 years.ConclusionThis case demonstrates the efficacy of treatment with the immune‐checkpoint inhibitors against large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney.
TransformHR: A Novel Approach to Athlete Heart Rate Monitoring With Transformer‐Based Wearable Technology
Authors: Shen Yunfeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presents an innovative Transformer‐based deep learning model for heart rate estimation in wearable devices, addressing accuracy challenges during high‐intensity activities. Our model, utilizing self‐attention mechanisms and energy‐efficient computational strategies, achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.0–4.2 beats per minute and correlation coefficients of 0.92–0.93 on public datasets PPG‐DaLiA and WESAD. On our more challenging proprietary athlete dataset, the model maintains excellent performance with an MAE of 4.3 beats per minute and a correlation coefficient of 0.91. Ablation studies demonstrate the importance of attention mechanisms, positional encoding, and Gaussian‐weighted loss functions to model performance. These results highlight the potential of our approach in improving heart rate monitoring accuracy in wearable technologies, particularly for high‐intensity athletic data, showcasing its adaptability and effectiveness in real‐world athletic scenarios.