bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gram-negative Versus Gram-positive in Primary Pyogenic Spondylitis and Analysis of Risk Factors for Relapse
Authors: Dai Guohua , Li Shu Zhong , Yin Chuqiang , Sun Yuanliang , Wang Qizun , Hou Jianwen , Luan Liangrui , Wang Zhongying , Wang Zhichao , Wang Ting 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose：In the present study, we aimed to compare and analyze the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary pyogenic spondylitis caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Methods: A retrospective analysis consisting of 76 cases of primary pyogenic spondylitis with complete clinical information was carried out from January 2013 to January 2020 in our hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to Gram staining: Gram-negative group (n=33) and Gram-positive group (n=43). The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results: Staphylococcus aureus accounted for the highest proportion of the Gram-positive group, while Escherichia coli accounted for the highest proportion of the Gram-negative group. Before treatment, there were no significant differences in terms of age, gender, affected segment, spinal abscess, diabetes mellitus, course of disease, admission erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), admission C-reactive protein (CRP), and admission white blood cell (WBC) count between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in discharge ESR, discharge CRP, ESR decline rate, CRP decline rate, surgery, recurrence, follow-up time, hospital stay, and body temperature ≥38℃ between the two groups (P>0.05). The body temperature of the Gram-negative group was higher compared with the Gram-positive group, and the number of patients with urinary tract infection in the Gram-negative group was significantly greater compared with the Gram-positive group (P<0.05). Antibiotic treatment time <6 weeks was an independent risk factor for recurrent infection.Conclusions: The body temperature of the Gram-negative group was higher compared with the Gram-positive group, and there were significantly more cases with urinary tract infection in the Gram-negative group compared with the Gram-positive group (P<0.05). Antibiotic treatment time <6 weeks was an independent risk factor for recurrent infection.
The&nbsp;Optimal Administration Time&nbsp;of Butorphanol&nbsp;in Suppressing Sufentanil-induced&nbsp;Cough: A&nbsp;Single-Center Randomized Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Song Yuejiao , Xu Zhihong , Chen Zhenyi , Liao Qingwu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: To evaluate the optimal administration time of butorphanol in suppressing sufentanil-induced cough(SIC) during the induction of general anesthesia.Methods:180 patients were randomly divided into 4 equally sized groups: at 5min, 2min and 0min before anesthesia induction, all patients were sequentially injected the drug labeled A/B/C (butorphanol 1mg or normal saline), GI received intravenously drug A/B/C (All were normal saline),GII received intravenously drug A/B/C (A was butorphanol, B and C were saline), GIII received intravenously drug A/B/C (B is butorphanol, A and C were saline), GIV received intravenously drug A/B/C (C is butorphanol，A and B were saline). ALL Patients were then administrated with sufentanil 0.4 µg/kg in 5s after drug C. The incidence and severity of SIC was recorded within 2 minutes after sufentanil injection. MAP, HR, and SpO2 were recorded at T0 (before the administration of any drug),Ta, Tb, Tc (before the injection of drug A/B/C), T1( 2minutes after sufentanil injection) and T2 (1 minutes after endotracheal intubation). Results: The incidences of cough in GII, GIII, and IV were lower than that in GI (0.09, 0.01, and 0 vs 42.2%, P<0.01), while there were no significant differences between GII, GIII, and GIV. The HR of all 4 groups at T2 were significantly higher than their levels at any other time (P<0.05,T2 vs other time), but there’s no significant difference among 4 groups at T2. The MBP of all 4 groups at Ta and Tb were significantly lower than their levels at any other time (P<0.05, Ta and Tb vs other time), but there’s no significant difference among 4 groups at Ta and Tb. At Ta, the SpO2 of GII was significantly lower than GI, GIII and GIV (P<0.05); at Tb, the SpO2 of GII was significantly lower than GI (P<0.05) and GIV (P<0.01); at Tc, the SpO2 of GIII were significantly lower than GIV (P<0.05).Conclusion: Intravenous butorphanol 1 mg could effectively suppress SIC before sufentanil injection. Without waiting time before administering the sufentanil may be feasible in clinical practice, it has the same suppressive effection and has no influence on BP, HR, SpO2 and the total amount of sufentanil. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with registration number ChiCTR1900024394. Registered 9 July 2019.
Holistically assessing and improving the sustainability of aquaculture development in China
Authors: Dong Shuanglin , Dong Yun-wei , Verreth Johan , Olsen Yngvar , Liu Wen-jing , Fang Qi-zhi , Cao Ling , Zhou Yan-gen , Li Li , Li Jing-yu , Mu Yong-tong , Sorgeloos Patrick 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production industry in terms of annual growth rate and has become an important contributor in supplying essential macro-and micro-nutrients for the global population. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty in its further development due to the high and increasing pressure of environmental challenges and of resource constraints. To achieve overall sustainable development of the aquaculture sector in China, the dominant producer of farmed seafood in the world, the priority is to clarify the sustainability of major aquaculture production systems (APSs) and to seek a holistic approach to improve their sustainability. Here the sustainability of ten major types of APSs in China, was evaluated comparatively by three objective and subjective methods involving eleven social, economic, environmental, and resource criteria. Accordingly, ecological intensification of aquaculture systems (ELIAS), integrating anthropogenic inputs with aquaculture ecosystem services, is proposed to improve the sustainability of these APSs. ELIAS that should be widely adopted by the multiple stakeholders provides a feasible solution to realize the goals of increasing aquaculture outputs with less negative environmental influence while saving energy at the same time.
Site-specific Metastases of Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma and Their Prognostic value for Survival: A SEER-based Study
Authors: Yang Yingnan , Tu Zhuolong , Ye Chentao , Cai Huajie , Yang Shouzhang , Chen Xuehai , Tu Jinfu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Gallbladder cancer is a rare but highly malignant cancer, which often progresses to a metastatic stage when diagnosed because of its asymptomatic manifestation. In this study, we intended to analyze the prognostic value of metastatic gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBA) with site-specific metastases.Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, GBA patients diagnosed with metastases between 2010 and 2016 were selected to identify the prognosis according to the isolated metastatic sites, including liver, lung, bone, brain and distant lymph nodes (DL). Kaplan-Meier methods were used for survival comparisons and multivariable Cox regression models were constructed to find out independent factors that associated with survival.Results: Data from 1526 eligible patients were extracted from the SEER database. Among the patients, 788 (51.6%) had isolated liver metastases, 80 (5.2%) had isolated distant nodal involvement, 45 (2.9%) had isolated lung metastases, 21 (1.4%) had isolated bone metastases, 2 (0.1%) had isolated brain metastases and 590 (38.7%) had multiple metastases. No significant survival difference was shown between patients with single or multisite metastases (P>0.05). Patients with isolated lung or DL metastases had significant better survival outcomes than those with isolated bone metastases (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that performing surgery at primary site, receiving chemotherapy were associated with better OS and CSS for patients with isolated liver or DL metastases.Conclusions: The study showed that different metastatic sites affect survival outcomes in metastatic GBA patients. Highly selected subset of patients with liver or DL metastases might benefit from surgery at primary site.
Combined Oropharyngeal/Nasal Swab is Equivalent to Nasopharyngeal Sampling for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic PCR
Authors: Desmet Tania , De Paepe Peter , Boelens Jerina , Coorevits Liselotte , Elizaveta Padalko , Vandendriessche Stien , Leroux-Roels Isabel , Aerssens Annelies , Callens Steven , Braeckel Eva Van , Malfait Thomas , Vermassen Frank , Verhasselt Bruno 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Early 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic became a public health emergency of international concern. To address this pandemic broad testing with an easy, comfortable and reliable testing method is of utmost concern. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swab sampling is the reference method though hampered by international supply shortages. A new oropharyngeal/nasal (OP/N) sampling method was investigated using the more readily available throat swab.Methods: In this prospective observational study 36 COVID-19 patients were tested with both a NP and combined OP/N swab for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR. In hospitalized suspect patients, who tested negative on both swabs, extensive retesting was performed. The sensitivity of NP versus combined OP/N swab sampling on admission and the correlation between viral RNA loads recovered was investigated.Results: 35 patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 by means of either NP or OP/N sampling. The paired swabs were both positive in 31 patients. The one patient who tested negative on both NP and OP/N swab on admission, was ultimately diagnosed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A strong correlation was found between the viral RNA loads of the paired swabs (r = 0.76; P < 0.05). The sensitivity of NP and OP/N analysis in hospitalized patients (n = 28) was 89.3% and 92.7% respectively.Conclusions: This study demonstrates equivalence of NP and OP/N sampling for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by means of rRT-PCR. Sensitivity of both NP and OP/N sampling is very high in hospitalized patients.
The Relationship Between Occupational Stress, Job Burnout and Quality of Life among Surgical nurses in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Li Xue , Jiang Ting , Sun Jian , Shi Lingyun , Liu Jiwen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Nursing is a high-risk occupation that involves exposure to stress. The physical and mental health of nurses is directly related to the quality of medical services, so the quality of life of nurses cannot be ignored. Methods: This study adopted the cluster random sampling method and carried out a questionnaire survey among 488 surgical nurses from five affiliated hospitals of Xinjiang medical university from May 2019 to September 2019. The study analyzed the relationship between occupational stress, job burnout and quality of life. The Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire(ERI), Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey(MBI-GS), and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36) were used to evaluate occupational stress, job burnout and quality of life among surgical nurses. Results The results revealed that the quality of life score among surgical nurses was not high, and differences were observed in the quality of life score of patients according to gender, age, title, and frequency of night shifts (P < 0.05). Occupational stress and job burnout are risk factors for quality of life, and the interaction between high stress and high burnout seriously reduces quality of life. The structural equation model revealed that occupational stress and job burnout have a direct impact on life quality, occupational stress has a direct impact on job burnout, and job burnout is the mediating factor of occupational stress on life quality.Conclusion Occupational stress and job burnout affect quality of life, and their interaction also affects quality of life. Higher levels of stress and burnout were associated with lower quality of life scores.
Identification Method of Drought Resistance on Maize Based on qRT-PCR
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Liu Songtao , Zenda Tinashe , Wang Yafei , Li Jiao , Dong Anyi , Yang Yatong , Duan Huijun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In order to reveal the mechanism of drought resistance of maize, establish the molecular identification system of drought resistance and solve the problem of difficult identification of drought resistance of maize. Taking Nongdan 476, a drought-tolerant maize hybrid cultivar, and Zhongxin 978, a drought-sensitive maize hybrid cultivar, as materials, drought stress and normal watering treatment were carried out at seedling stage, flare stage, tasseling stage and filling stage, and leaf tissue were collected for transcriptomes.Results: P-vaule < 0.05 was selected as the screening standard. There were 6281, 17191, 21790 and 15475 differentially expressed genes of each stage, respectively. At the same time, only DnaJ gene was significantly differentially expressed at the four stages. The preliminary results of qRT-PCR showed that the up regulation of DnaJ gene expression was consistent with the results of transcriptome analysis. DnaJ gene expression was further detected by using control samples with specific drought resistance index of yield. The results showed that DnaJ gene expression drought resistance index (DIE) was highly correlated with yield drought resistance index (DIP), and the 5-level criteria for DnaJ gene expression drought resistance index (DIE) were defined by their linear equations. Conclusion: Drought resistance of maize is a character controlled by multiple genes. There is a significant difference between the expression of DnaJ gene in drought resistant and non drought resistant maize, which has the potential to be used as molecular identification of drought resistance of maize, and can provide a more comprehensive and accurate technical means for drought resistance cultivation and breeding of maize.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Femoral Head Osteonecrosis: A Protocol for Development of Evidence Based Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Cheng Edward , Mont Michael A. , Goodman Stuart B. , Sierra Rafael J , Cui Quanjun , Salem Hytham S , Group ARCO Clinical Practice Guidelines 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: There are many treatment options for patients who have osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and management strategies vary widely both among and within individual countries. Although many researchers have attempted to elucidate the optimal strategies for managing this disease, the lack of large-scale randomized control trials and the lack of agreement on disease staging have curtailed the development of clear-cut guidelines.Methods: The Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) group sought to address three questions for the management of patients who have ONFH: (1) What imaging studies are most sensitive and specific for the diagnostic evaluation of patients who have ONFH?; (2)What is the best treatment strategy for preventing disease progression in patients who have pre-collapse lesions?; and (3) What is the best treatment strategy for patients who have post-collapse disease? The PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) format was used to formulate the search strategy for each research question. A systematic review will be performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. ARCO participants have been allocated to three groups, each representing one of the PICO questions. After qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data extracted from studies pertaining to each of the three research questions, a set of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines will be proposed for the management of patients who have ONFH. Discussion: It is not always clear which treatment method is optimal for the management of ONFH. Thus, many surgeons have developed and performed various procedures based on various patient-specific factors. As there is no consensus on the optimal treatment for various stages of disease, it was clear that developing evidence-based clinical practice guidelines would provide more structure and uniformity to management of these patients. Therefore, the results of this systematic review will lead to the development guidelines that may improve patient-care strategies and result in better outcomes for patients who have ONFH.Systematic Review Registration: Registration with PROSPERO has been submitted and is pending.
On-chip 2D beam-steering with a liquid-crystal-tunable optical phased array
Authors: Nakamura Kazuki , Hashiya Akira , Nomura Takaiki , Yamaoka Yoshikazu , Tsukuda Masahiko , Takagi Hiroyuki , Sasaki Yoshiki , Ishikawa Atsushi , Fowler Daivid , Malhouitre Stephane , Muffato Viviane , Rabaud Wilfried , Hisada Kazuya , Hirasawa Taku , Inada Yasuhisa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Optical phased arrays (OPAs) with the ability of dynamic beam-steering hold great promise for industrial applications. Although they potentially offer high-resolution, high-speed and wide-angle beam-steering, 2D beam-steering has only been achieved by 1D OPAs with wavelength-tuning or by 2D OPAs containing enormous numbers of elements, thereby significantly increasing the system complexity and power consumption. Here we demonstrate a liquid-crystal-tunable Bragg-reflector waveguide outcoupler integrated with a 1D OPA. The output beam angle is controlled by an electric-field applied to the liquid crystal between the Bragg-mirrors, independently from steering along a second axis with the OPA. Our proof-of-concept demonstration with an 8-channel OPA shows 2D beam-steering with a 16° × 15° field-of-view and 12 ms × 14 μs time-response. Our approach opens a practical way for scalable OPAs capable of single wavelength 2D beam-steering, as well as demonstrating a strategy for the integration of liquid crystal materials with silicon photonics.
Reduced Ejection Fraction and Augmented Right Atrium are Independent Risk Factors of Deep Regional CBF in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Lu Danli , Guo Ning , Kang Zhuang , Zhang Ke , Wang Jihui , Men Xuejiao , Lu Zhengqi , Qiu Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Systemic cardiac hypoperfusion is a well-acknowledged contributor to ischemic leukoencephalopathy. However, it has remained elusive how atherosclerosis-mediated cardiac remodelling modifies cerebral perfusion homeostasis as well as neuroimaging burden in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) development. Methods: This retrospective study identified 103 CSVD patients (CSVD burdenlow 0~1, n=61 and CSVD burdenhigh 2~4, n=42) from Sep. 2017 to Dec. 2019 who underwent transthoracic echocardiography(n=81), structural magnetic resonance imaging and arterial spin labelling. Total CSVD burden was graded according to the ordinal “small vessel disease” rating score (0-4). We investigated the univariate and multivariate linear regression of mean deep regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) as well as logistic regression analysis of CSVD burdenhigh. Results: Augmented right atrial diameter (B coefficient, -0.289; 95% CI, -0.578 to -0.001; P=0.049) and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (B coefficient, 32.555; 95% CI, 7.399 to 57.711; P=0.012) were echocardiographic parameters linked with declined deep regional CBF in CSVD patients. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated decreased mean deep CBF (OR 0.894; 95% CI 0.811-0.985; P=0.024) was independently associated with higher CSVD burden after adjusted for clinical confounders. Multivariate receiver operating characteristics curve combing clinical risk factors, mean deep CBF and echocardiographic parameters showed predictive significance for CSVD burdenhigh diagnosis (area under curve=84.25%, 95% CI 74.86% - 93.65%, P<0.0001). Conclusion: The interrelationship of “cardiac -deep regional CBF-neuroimaging burden” reinforces the importance and prognostic significance of echocardiographic and cerebral hemodynamic assessment in CSVD early-warning.
The eukaryotic replisome requires an additional helicase to disarm dormant replication origins
Authors: Hill Jake , Eickhoff Patrik , Drury Lucy , Costa Alessandro , Diffley John 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Origins of eukaryotic DNA replication are ‘licensed’ during G1 phase of the cell cycle by loading the six related minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins into a double hexameric ring around double-stranded DNA. In S phase, some double hexamers (MCM DHs) are converted into active CMG (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) helicases which nucleate assembly of bidirectional replication forks. The remaining unfired MCM DHs act as ‘dormant’ origins to provide backup replisomes in the event of replication fork stalling. The fate of unfired MCM DHs during replication is unknown. Here we show that active replisomes cannot remove unfired MCM DHs. Instead, they are pushed ahead of the replisome where they prevent fork convergence during replication termination and replisome progression through nucleosomes. Pif1 helicase, together with the replisome, can remove unfired MCM DHs specifically from replicating DNA, allowing efficient replication and termination. Our results provide an explanation for how excess replication license is removed during S phase.
Non-use of Contraceptive Methods Among Married: Analysis of the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Sidibe Sidikiba , Camara Bienvenu Salim , Dioubaté Nafissatou , Grovogui Fassou Mathias , Delamou Alexandre , Kouanda Seni 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Modern contraceptive prevalence in Guinea was low in 2018. This study aimed to examine current modern contraceptive non-use among 1086 married women in Guinea who have used a contraceptive method. Methods: We used the dataset of the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS). The analysis included descriptive statistics, tests of association, and logistic regression of women who are not currently using modern contraceptive methods among ever users. Results: Among the sampled women, 454 (42%) did not use modern contraceptive methods. Three out of five non-users made the decision to not use contraceptives. The factors associated with modern contraceptive non-use included living in the administrative regions of Boké (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–5.56) and Mamou (AOR: 3.56; 95% CI: 1.38–9.19); age 25–29 years (AOR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.25–6.30), 30–34 years (AOR: 3.10; 95% CI: 1.31–7.38), and 45–49 years (AOR: 3.49; 95% CI: 1.22–10.00); and husband’s desire for more children (AOR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.02–2.46). Conclusions: Interventions that focus on contraceptive non-users among ever users who are currently not using any modern contraceptive method could lead to the resumption of modern contraceptive use among these women. Furthermore, community-level family planning interventions such as male or couple sensitisation or men’s involvement in reproductive issues could improve community perception about contraception and women’s rights for reproductive health.