bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
InfEHR: Resolving Clinical Uncertainty through Deep Geometric Learning on Electronic Health Records
Authors: Nadkarni Girish , Kauffman Justin , Holmes Emma , Vaid Akhil , Charney Alexander , Kovatch Patricia , Lampert Joshua , Sakhuja Ankit , Zitnik Marinka , Glicksberg Benjamin , Hofer Ira 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Electronic health records (EHRs) contain multimodal data that can inform diagnostic and prognostic clinical decisions but are often unsuited for advanced machine learning (ML)–based patient-specific analyses. ML models and clinical heuristics learn generalizable relationships from predefined factors, yet many patients may not benefit if those factors are missing in the EHR or differ—however subtly—from typical training populations. Clinical heuristics are limited to low complexity, often linear, relationships and patterns between clinical variables. ML approaches in EHRs significantly expand pattern sophistication but require large, labeled datasets, which are often unattainable especially in low prevalence diseases and are limited by sources of random and non-random variation in EHRs. Deep learning (DL), in contrast with ML and clinical heuristics, learns features without predefinition but requires even greater label access for predictions. While DL can construct unsupervised EHR representations, the patterns and characteristics of less prevalent examples are poorly resolved, and downstream clinical applications still require labels. We present Inf-EHR, a framework to automatically compute clinical likelihoods from whole EHRs of patients from diverse clinical settings without need of large volumes of labeled training data. We apply deep geometric learning to EHRs through a novel procedure that converts whole EHRs to temporal graphs. These graphs naturally capture phenotypic temporal dynamics leading to unbiased representations. Using only a few labeled examples, InfEHR computes and automatically revises likelihoods leading to highly performant inferences especially in low prevalence diseases which are often the most clinically ambiguous. To demonstrate utility, we use EHRs from the Mount Sinai Health System and The University of California, Irvine Medical Center and test its performance compared to physician-provided clinical heuristics across two diseases with no clinical or epidemiological overlap: a rare disease (neonatal culture-negative sepsis) with prevalence of 2% in neonates, and a more common disease (adult post-operative acute kidney injury) with prevalence of 22%. We show that Inf-EHR is superior to existing clinical heuristics both for culture-negative sepsis (sensitivity: 0.65 vs .041, specificity: 0.99 vs.0.98) and post-operative acute kidney injury (sensitivity: 0.72 vs 0.20, specificity: 0.91 vs 0.97). We present the first application of geometric deep learning in EHRs that can be used in real world clinical settings at scale, for improving phenotype identification and resolving clinical uncertainty.
Scrotal temperature change during running in naked humans
Authors: Takii Yasuho , Fukuda Makoto , Kanosue Kazuyuki , Yoda Tamae 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Male reproductive organs are functionally affected by high body temperature. This study aimed to clarify the thermoregulation mechanisms of the human scrotum during running, and experiments were conducted to investigate temperature changes in the whole body and the scrotum. Eleven male long-distance runners performed treadmill running at 60%VO2max for 60 min in an indoor environment at 27°C and 40% relative humidity. Immediately after the start of the run, the skin temperatures in areas other than the scrotum decreased or showed a tendency to decrease. In contrast, the scrotal temperature increased immediately after the start of the run. After the end of the run, the scrotal temperature decreased, whereas the skin temperatures in other body parts increased. An increase in scrotal temperature immediately after the start of the run was observed even in the situation where the scrotum was not affected by heating due to contact with the thighs. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that the scrotum may have been elevated with the contraction of the dartos muscle and the cremaster muscle as a result of increased sympathetic nerve activity. Additionally, it cannot be ruled out that a specific vasodilation mechanism could play a role in this occurrence.
Proteases and Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Bone Health
Authors: Ahmad Syed Sufian , Ahmed Faraha , Ahmad Sayeed , Khan Mohammad Ahmed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Proteases, once thought to degrade proteins solely, are now recognized as key signaling
molecules central to numerous physiological processes, including bone remodeling. Dysregulated
protease contributes to various pathological diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammation,
osteoporosis, and neurological disorders. Protease targeting is now quite far along;
some small molecules are already on the market, and others are in development. Despite drugs
having been successfully developed to inhibit well-defined proteases, including angiotensin-converting
enzyme and HIV protease, designing selective inhibitors for the newly identified protease
targets is still difficult owing to problems like poor target selectivity. This review covers principles
guiding the discovery of protease drugs with a focus on recent approaches, including the use
of allosteric sites. In bone remodeling, proteases are involved in the regulation of cell surface properties
and extracellular matrix in the degradation process that is fundamental to bone mineral density
and quality. In particular, cathepsins, dipeptidyl peptidases, and caspases have become attractive
targets for the therapy of osteoporosis. Selective inhibitors are different from other drugs in
the way that they selectively inhibit bone resorption processes and do not bear on osteoblast survival
factors or bone formation. However, some inhibitors proved to be effective in increasing bone
density in osteoporotic patients, but due to side effects, they were withdrawn, highlighting the necessity
of selective inhibitors. Newer generations of selective allosteric inhibitors aiming at protease
activity would be safer and give an unexplored therapeutic angle to tackle osteoporosis without
interfering with other physiological processes.
The Effects of Antioxidant Approved Drugs and Under Investigation Compounds with Potential of Improving Sleep Disorders and their Associated
Comorbidities associated with Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Authors: Theodosis-Nobelos Panagiotis , Varra Fani-Niki , Varras Michail , Rekka Eleni A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Sleep disorders and the resultant sleep deprivation (SD) are very common nowadays, resulting
in depressed mood, poor memory and concentration, and various important changes in
health, performance and safety. They may provoke further impairment of the cell lining of the blood
vessels, as acting as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset and progression. SD may
lead to low neuronal regaining and plasticity, drastically affecting brain function. Thus, SD is a
known risk factor for mental, behavioral and developmental disorders. Due to the inflammatory and
oxidative stressful nature of SD, immune response modulation and antioxidants could be another
therapeutic approach, apart from the already known symptomatic treatment with sedatives. Additionally,
many drugs approved for other indications and under investigation, have been revisited due
to their wide array of pharmacological activities. This review summarizes the main aspects of SD
pathology and SD interrelated comorbidities and presents direct and indirect antioxidant molecules
and drugs with multi-targeting potential that could assist in the prevention or management of these
factors. A number of research groups have investigated well-known antioxidant compounds with
multi-targeting cores, combining structural characteristics with properties including antiinflammatory,
metal chelatory, gene transcription and immune modulatory that may add towards the
effective SD and its associated comorbidities treatment.
The Role of Nrf2 in Glioma: Therapeutic Targeting Strategies
Authors: Harifi-Mood Mohammad Sadra , Alemzadeh Effat , Barati Danyal , Dehghani Amir Hossein , Siroosi Fatemeh Zahra , Aschner Michael , Samini Fariborz , Samarghandian Saeed , Farkhondeh Tahereh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases to cure due to its complexity. Gli-oma, as a neuroepithelial cancer of the glial cells, is one of the rarest malignancies which has a low survival rate. The exact risk factors of glioma are still not clear, but allergy, ionizing radiation, and hereditary factors are reported to be associated with glioma. Nrf2 as an antiox-idant regulator has been reported to be highly expressed in malignances tissues like glioma.
Nrf2 regulates the expression of various antioxidant and cytoprotective genes. In gliomas, Nrf2 activation helps tumor cells combat oxidative stress by enhancing the production of de-toxifying enzymes (e.g., glutathione peroxidase, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase). This al-lows glioma cells to survive and proliferate in toxic tumor microenvironments rich in reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Although the role of Nrf2 in the apoptosis of cancerous glial cells is not clear yet, it has been shown that Nrf2 inhibition via different methods can increase the efficiency of the chemo-therapy agents to treat glioma. Elevated Nrf2 activity has been linked to drug resistance in gliomas. The activation of Nrf2 increases the expression of multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) and other detoxifying enzymes, which limit the effectiveness of chemother-apeutic agents like temozolomide (TMZ). Nrf2 inhibitors can suppress the signaling pathway of Nrf2 and decrease the expression of detoxifying enzymes like SOD, CAT, GPX, and GCL, which can increase the efficiency of chemotherapy agents. Using drugs that inhibit the Nrf2 expression in combination with classical chemotherapy agents can be a promising procedure to decrease chemoresistance and be effective in increasing the survival rate of patients with glioma. In this study, we focused on the association of glioma and Nrf2 expression and its targeting as a new therapeutic approach in glioma treatment.
7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Activates the Hedgehog Pathway by Regulating Cholesterol to Promote the Development of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sun Jianwei , Qiu Shuang , Sun Yu , Liu Yuanyuan , Yang Jinyu , Chen Xin , Wu Di , Li Li 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Cholesterol has been shown to be a potential risk factor for the occurrence and progression of breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of DHCR7 in cholesterol synthesis and its role in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway acti-vation, as well as its impact on the progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods:
We analyzed the gene expression data from the GSE76275 data set by bioin-formatics analysis to determine the expression of cholesterol-related genes in triple-negative breast cancer. In the triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, including BT-549 and MDA-MB-231, RNA interference gene knockout was used to evaluate the functional impact of DHCR7. In addition, the SMO mutant (SMOV329F) with anti-cholesterol binding inhibition was introduced to determine its interaction with the pathway changes mediated by DHCR7. Cell proliferation, migration, and signaling pathway activation were assessed through Western blotting, CCK-8 assay, transwell migration assay, and qPCR.

Results:
DHCR7 expression was significantly elevated in TNBC tissues and cell lines, en-hancing the Hh pathway activity through cholesterol modulation. Knocking down DHCR7 and the SMOV329F mutation both reduced the expression of Hedgehog-related proteins and inhibited cell proliferation and migration abilities. However, the SMOV329F mutation re-versed the inhibitory effect of knocking down DHCR7 on TNBC cells.

Conclusion:
DHCR7 activates the Hedgehog pathway by regulating cholesterol to pro-mote the development of TNBC. These findings provide insights into the regulatory roles of DHCR7 in cholesterol-related pathways and Hh signaling in TNBC cells, offering po-tential therapeutic targets for TNBC treatment.
Correlation of Total Lymphocyte Count, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Status, and Tuberculosis Lesions on Chest X-ray: Can TLC Be an Alternative to CD4?
Authors: Ariska Vicky Septian , Lubis Netty Delvrita , Kembaren Tambar 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, often becomes a comorbidity in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV-positive individuals have a 30-fold higher risk of contracting TB compared to non-HIV individuals. Assessment of HIV-TB disease progression commonly relies on measuring CD4 cell counts. However, in areas with limited access, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC) ≤ 1200 cells/μL as an alternative. Additionally, chest X-rays, a widely accessible radio-logical method, aid in diagnosing TB in HIV-positive patients, complementing TLC in assessing disease progression in limited facilities.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in the location and characteristics of TB lesions based on HIV status and TLC levels.

Methods:
A case-control study was conducted at Adam Malik Central Hospital on pulmonary TB patients from December 2021 to December 2022, meeting inclusion criteria. Evaluation of TB lesion locations and characteristics was performed by two researchers, while HIV status and TLC data were extracted from medical records.

Results:
The study involved 154 subjects, including 77 HIV-positive and 77 non-HIV individuals. The percentage of male participants was 81.8%, with a mean age of 43.4 ± 14.4 years. The significant differences in the characteristics and locations of lesions (cavities, miliary lesions, fibro-sis, atelectasis, and upper and lower lung) were revealed in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Similarly, significant differences in the characteristics and locations of lesions (cavities, miliary lesions, fibrosis, atelectasis, and upper and lower lung) were revealed in a patient with TLC ≤ 1200 and TLC > 1200.

Conclusion:
The study highlights significant differences in the characteristics and locations of tuberculosis lesions about HIV status and total lymphocyte count levels among pulmonary TB patients. HIV-positive individuals exhibited distinct patterns of TB lesions compared to their HIV-negative counterparts, indicating the impact of HIV on TB disease progression. Furthermore, variations in lesion characteristics were also observed based on TLC levels, with notable differences between patients with TLC ≤ 1200 cells/μL and those with TLC > 1200 cells/μL. These findings underscore the importance of considering both HIV status and TLC in the assessment and management of TB in affected individuals. TLC can serve as an alternative to CD4 measurement in situations where access to CD4 testing is limited.
A Case Series of Anaesthesia Mumps - Could Drugs be the Cause?
Authors: Kapur Ajita , Sharma Munish , Hazarika Kapil 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Acute parotid gland enlargement is an extremely rare post-surgical complication.
Several etiological factors have been proposed, including preoperative dehydration, medications
that cause an increase in viscosity of glandular secretions or loss of muscle tone and retrograde
passage of air into the parotid glands, prolonged surgery, and operative position of the patient
leading to pooling of secretions of the gland.

Case Representation:
We present a series of two cases that developed bilateral enlargement of
parotid glands post-operatively. Case 1 was a 30-year-old male who underwent a Trendelenburg
operation with flush ligation and ligation of perforators for varicose veins of the right leg under
spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine. Fentanyl, midazolam, bupivacaine, and ondansetron were administered
to the patient perioperatively. Case 2 was a 51-year-old female who underwent laparoscopic
cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis under general anaesthesia. Fentanyl, midazolam, sevoflurane,
and vecuronium were administered to this patient during the surgery. Both of these cases
were managed conservatively by adequate hydration, antibiotics, and analgesics, and they recovered
completely three days following the surgery.

Conclusion:
The causative drug could not be well-established, but such cases stress that the surgeon,
anesthetist, and patients should be aware of possibility of this adverse event. Postoperative
anaesthesia mumps are usually of minimal clinical significance and resolve spontaneously with appropriate
symptomatic care.
Neuroinflammation in the Genesis of Epilepsy
Authors: Rani Rashmi , Paliwal Sarvesh , Nain Sumitra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Epilepsy is the second most typical chronic disorder, described by recurrent seizures and
uncontrolled electrical signaling from neurons in the cerebral cortex. Stimulated astrocytes, along
with microglia, promote cytokines that cause neuroinflammation, leading to a chain reaction of subsequent
steps involving neurons as well as endothelial cells along the blood-brain barrier. Inflammation
in the brain’s neural network can cause convulsions and epilepsy. The migration of albumin
proteins and the infiltration of peripheral immune cells from the serum into the brain disrupt BBB,
which, in turn, activates astrocytes and microglia, which stimulate pro-inflammatory mediators like
cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. They increase the glutamate level and
cause an influx of calcium ions, leading to the production of less GABA and a decrease in the influx
of chloride ions. These events exacerbate the inflammatory process that leads to neuronal excitability
and contribute further to the development of epilepsy. In this review, we discuss how astrocytes,
microglia, and neurons stimulate cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators that
play an essential role in the development of epilepsy. This review also explore how the permeability
of the blood-brain barrier promotes neuroinflammation and contributes to epileptogenesis. The purpose
of this review is to present knowledge on neuroinflammation so that new antiepileptic drugs
can be developed to prevent this disorder.
Neurocosmetics: Exploring the Intersection of Neuroscience and Cosmetics
Authors: Singh Astha , Chauhan Shikha Baghel , Singh Indu 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Neurocosmetics is a fascinating convergence of neuroscience and cos-metics, a field unraveling the intricate connections between our brains and beauty products. This interdisciplinary domain investigates how our neurological processes influence beauty percep-tions, skincare experiences, and mental well-being. It delves into the physiological and psycho-logical aspects of beauty, shedding light on how our brains respond to cosmetic products. In this review paper, we traverse through the burgeoning realm of Neurocosmetics.

Methods:
A literature search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar using the following key terms: “Neurocosmetics,” “Neuroscience,” “Cosmetics,” “Beauty Perception,” and “Skin-care.” This study aimed to uncover the neurobiological foundations that underlie our perception and application of cosmetics.

Results:
Through this exploration, neurocosmetics seeks to pave the way for innovations that not only enhance physical appearance but also contribute to mental well-being, offering a holistic approach to beauty that intertwines neuroscience and skincare.

Conclusion:
This paper delves into the technological advancements in neuroimaging and neuro-sensory analysis, tools that enable a more profound comprehension of how cosmetic products stimulate our senses and neural pathways. By scrutinizing current research, the goal is to illustrate the potential of neurocosmetics in not just revolutionizing the beauty industry but also in fostering a more profound grasp of how our brains interpret and respond to cosmetic interventions and uncover the neurobiological foundations that underlie our perception and application of cosmet-ics. Through this exploration, neurocosmetics seeks to pave the way for innovations that not only enhance physical appearance but also contribute to mental well-being, offering a holistic approach to beauty that intertwines neuroscience and skincare.
Isolasi, Identifikasi dan Uji Produksi Yeast yang Diisolasi Dari Nira Kelapa
Authors: Puspita Dhanang 
Published: February 2025

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi, mengidentifikasi, dan melakukan uji produksi yeast yang diisolasi dari nira kelapa. Metode yang dipakai adalah eksperiment laboratoris dengan tahapan; isolasi dan identifikasi yeast dan uji produktifitas yeast. Isolat yeast diperoleh dari yeast liar pada nira kelapa dan pengucilan dengan medium potato dextrose agar. Identfikasi dilakukan dengan pengamatan morfologi dengan mikroskop pada perbesaran 1600×. Pengukuran biomasa dengan menggunakan metode hitung angka lempeng total, mikroskopis, dan spektroforometer. Pengukuran kadar alkohol dilakukan dengan destilasi menggunakan rotary vacuum evaporator. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh isolat murni yeast yang secara morfologi memiliki kesamaan dengan genus Saccharomyces. Berdasarlam uji produksi isolat yeast memiliki fase pertumbuhan logaritmik (0 – 7 jam), eksponensial (7 – 9 jam), dan stasioner (9 – 12 jam). Isolat juga mampu menghasilkan alkohol sebesar ±6,8%.

Kata kunci: alkohol, isolasi, nira kelapa, yeast,
Eksplorasi Keanekaragaman Makroalga di Perairan Londalima Kabupaten Sumba Timur
Authors: Tarigan Nurbety 
Published: February 2025

Makroalga merupakan salah satu komponen utama penyusun ekosistem pesisir yang berperan sebagai produsen dalam rantai makanan dan menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem laut. Makroalga memiliki peranan penting di perairan laut baik secara ekologi maupun ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi dasar tentang jenis-jenis makroalga yang ditemukan di Perairan Londalima Sumba Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Juni 2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian survei. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 3 stasiun yakni Stasiun I (berpasir), Stasiun II (lamun), dan stasiun III (berbatu). Selanjutnya sampel yang sudah didapatkan kemudian diidentifikasi di Laboratorium. Identifikasi makroalga dilakukan dengan menggunakan buku identifikasi makroalga. Selain itu, juga dilakukan pengukuran kualitas air seperti suhu, oksigen terlarut (DO), dan derajat keasaman (pH) pada setiap stasiun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makroalga yang ditemukan berjumlah 9 spesies diantaranya Gracilaria corticata, Eucheuma spinosum, Sargasssum muticum, Sargassum vulgare, Sargassum crassifolium, Sargasum fluintas, Turbinaria conoides, Padina australis dan Ulva reticulata. Hasil pengukuran kualitas air di perairan londalima masih tergolong cukup baik dengan suhu berkisar antara 28-29oC, DO sebesar 7,6-8,1 mg/L, dan pH sebesar 8-9.

Kata Kunci— Ekplorasi, Londalima, Makroalga, Sumba Timur.