bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of drug‐facilitated sexual assault in Spain
Authors: Quintana José Manuel , García‐Maroto Álvaro , Moreno Olga , Manzanero Antonio L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study consisted in analysing the cases of drug‐facilitated sexual assault— chemical submission—from 2008 to 2017. A total of 240 cases registered during this period within the territorial area of the Spanish Civil Guard were analysed. Results show an increasing incidence of sexual assault cases that are drug‐facilitated in order to annul the will of the victim, or at least that there is a greater awareness to report these cases. From the analyses carried out, distinctive characteristics of this type of sexual offences were observed with respect to other modalities, in the sense that they are linked to leisure situations (at night, on weekends and holiday periods) although the place of commission is fundamentally the victim's or the perpetrator's residence. The profile of the victim is that of a young woman, of legal age (with a mean age of 25 years) and Spanish, although foreign women are also vulnerable victims. When the victim is male, the mean age decreases notably (20 years) with a higher incidence among minors. The aggressor is eminently male, older (around 30 years) and also Spanish. Databases can be a good starting point to frame the phenomenon, elucidating some of the main variables that intervene in these crimes, such as the moment and place of commission, as well as those persons most inclined to suffer them and, in the opposite pole, those most likely to carry out this type of criminal act.
Reversal of ochronotic pigmentation in alkaptonuria following nitisinone therapy: Analysis of data from the United Kingdom National Alkaptonuria Centre
Authors: Ranganath Lakshminarayan R. , Milan Anna M. , Hughes Andrew T. , Khedr Milad , Davison Andrew S. , Wilson Peter J. , Dillon Jane P. , West Elizabeth , Gallagher James A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreased homogentisic acid (HGA) causes ochronosis. Nitisinone decreases HGA. The aim was to study the effect of nitisinone on the ochronosis progression.MethodsPhotographs of the eyes and ears were acquired from patients attending the National Alkaptonuria Centre (NAC) at V‐1 (pre‐baseline visit), V0 (baseline visit when 2 mg nitisinone was commenced), and yearly at V1, V2, and V3 visits. Photographs were inspected for evolution of ochronotic pigment and also scored categorically to derive eye, ear, and combined ochronosis scores. An ear cartilage biopsy was also carried out at V0 and one year after V3 (V4) and ochronotic pigment was assessed and quantitated. Visits were compared for changes in pigment. Fasting blood and 24‐hour urine samples were collected for measurement of HGA.ResultsThere were 80 AKU patients at V0, and 52, 47, and 40 at V1, V2, and V3 in the group with variable numbers (VAR Group) respectively; 23 patients attended once before V0, in the V‐1 visit. Photographs of patients show increase in eye pigment between V‐1 and V0, followed by decrease post‐nitisinone at V1, V2, and V3. Ear and combined ochronosis semiquantitative scoring showed an increase between V‐1 and V0 (P < .01), followed by a decrease at V1, V2, and V3, in the VAR group (P < .01). Ochronotic pigment in ear biopsy between V0 and V4 showed a 19.1% decrease (P < .05).ConclusionsNitisinone decreases HGA and partially reverses ochronosis.
Identification of the association of CD28+CD244+ Tc17/IFN‐γ cells with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Han Wenzheng , Li Jiajia , Zhou Hongchang , Qian Jing , Tong Zhaowei , Wang Weihong , Zhong Jianfeng , Xue Tao , Chen Qing , Yao Yunliang , Shao Shengwen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCD8+ T cells play multiple and complex immunological roles including antiviral, regulatory, and exhaustive effects in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. Some CD8+ T‐cell subsets were confirmed to be closely related to HCV infection such as TCM, TEM, TEMRA, Tc17, and CD8+ Treg. Herein, we report a new subset of interleukin (IL)‐17/interferon (IFN)‐γ producing CD8+ T (Tc17/IFN‐γ) cells that markedly correlate with CD28+CD244+ cells, IL‐17 levels, and HCV RNA in HCV patients. During early treatment with peg‐IFN‐a2a plus ribavirin, the imbalance of these Tc17/IFN‐γ cells could be partially restored, together with normalized serum alanine aminotransferase but not aspartate transaminase. Also, we analyzed the dynamic change of the percentage of this T cells subset in patients with different outcome after 4‐week course of treatment with peg‐IFN‐a2a plus ribavirin and found that the percentage of CD8+CD28+CD244+ T cells significantly decreased in recovered patients but not in nonrecovered patients. In vitro, CD28+CD244+ T cells were the only CD8+ T‐cell group that secreted both IL‐17 and IFN‐γ in this axis and blockade with anti‐CD244 antibodies significantly reduced cytokine production. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the frequency and regulatory functions of CD28+CD244+ Tc17/IFN‐γ cells may play an important role in persistent HCV infection.
COVID‐19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in three teenagers with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Ng Khuen Foong , Kothari Trishul , Bandi Srini , Bird Paul William , Goyal Kanika , Zoha Mohammad , Rai Vinayak , Tang Julian Wei‐Tze 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is generally a relatively mild illness in children. An emerging disease entity coined as pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 (PIMS‐TS) has been reported recently, but is very rare and only affects a very small minority of children. Here we describe the clinical presentations and outcomes of three teenagers with serologically‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit for PIMS‐TS. Although their initial presentations were very similar, their COVID‐19‐related disease varied in severity.
Long‐term variability and trends in meteorological droughts in Western Europe (1851–2018)
Authors: Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. , Domínguez‐Castro Fernando , Murphy Conor , Hannaford Jamie , Reig Fergus , Peña‐Angulo Dhais , Tramblay Yves , Trigo Ricardo M. , Mac Donald Neil , Luna M. Yolanda , Mc Carthy Mark , Van der Schrier Gerard , Turco Marco , Camuffo Dario , Noguera Ivan , García‐Herrera Ricardo , Becherini Francesca , Della Valle Antonio , Tomas‐Burguera Miquel , El Kenawy Ahmed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe analysed long‐term variability and trends in meteorological droughts across Western Europe using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Precipitation data from 199 stations spanning the period 1851–2018 were employed, following homogenisation, to derive SPI‐3 and SPI‐12 series for each station, together with indices on drought duration and severity. Results reveal a general absence of statistically significant long‐term trends in the study domain, with the exception of significant trends at some stations, generally covering short periods. The largest decreasing trends in SPI‐3 (i.e., increasing drought conditions) were found for summer in the British and Irish Isles. In general, drought episodes experienced in the last two or three decades have precedents during the last 170·years, emphasizing the importance of long records for assessing change. The main characteristic of drought variability in Western Europe is its strong spatial diversity, with regions exhibiting a homogeneous temporal evolution. Notably, the temporal variability of drought in Western Europe is more dominant than long‐term trends. This suggests that long‐term drought trends cannot be confirmed in Western Europe using precipitation records alone. This study provides a long‐term regional assessment of drought variability in Western Europe, which can contribute to better understanding of regional climate change during the past two centuries.
In vivo test of a radiography‐based navigation system for control of derotational osteotomies
Authors: Grünwald Leonard , Schröter Steffen , Windolf Markus , Gueorguiev Boyko , Richards Geoff , Buschbaum Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMalalignment of the femur is a frequently encountered problem in orthopaedics entailing manifold consequences for the affected patients. Corrective osteotomies, necessary to restore the physiological and anatomical relationships, face great challenges due to no existing reliable gold standard for intraoperative control of torsional malalignment. The aim of this study was to test a novel radiography‐based navigation tool for control of derotational osteotomies in a clinical environment. In a first—and preliminary—case‐controlled study on 12 patients (level 3 of evidence), the achieved torsional correction measured with implementation of the navigation tool was compared with measurements from pre‐ and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans.The navigation tool was able to acquire and process all relevant data and capture possible malrotation during surgery with only little deviations of 1.61° ± 0.86° (mean ± standard deviation) from the measurements based on CT scans. Next, the system will be used to assist surgeons for more precise treatment avoiding maltorsion after derotational osteotomies.
Summer precipitation for the England and Wales region, 1201–2000 ce, from stable oxygen isotopes in oak tree rings
Authors: Loader Neil J. , Young Giles H. F. , McCarroll Danny , Davies Darren , Miles Daniel , Bronk Ramsey Christopher 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTOxygen isotope ratios from oak tree rings are used to extend the May–August precipitation totals of the England and Wales precipitation series back to 1201 ce. The agreement between instrumental and reconstructed values is unusually strong, with more than half of the variance explained and standard verification tests passed. The stability of this relationship is confirmed using split‐period calibration and verification. This allows the reconstruction to be variance‐scaled to the full length of the instrumental series back to 1766. Direct comparison with historical reports of very wet and dry summers show good agreement. Near‐constant replication, with a minimum of 10 timbers sourced from historic buildings across central southern England ensures signal strength does not change over time. Summers during the late 20th century appear anomalously dry and those of the 21st century very close to the pre‐20th century average with no evidence in the record of prolonged ‘megadroughts’ across England and Wales.
Yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) prevented inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal alterations in an animal model of colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Verediano Thaísa A , Viana Mirelle L , das Graças Vaz Tostes Maria , de Oliveira Daniela S , de Carvalho Nunes Louisiane , Costa Neuza MB 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDYacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) roots store carbohydrate in the form of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which improve intestinal health. Yacon has the potential to prevent the intestinal barrier alterations associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of yacón flour (YF) on alterations promoted by CRC induced by 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine in rats.RESULTSCRC increased tumor necrosis factor alpha levels (group CY = 10.2 ± 0.72; group C = 9.6 ± 1.0; group Y = 5.8 ± 0.54; group S = 5.95 ± 0.6 pg mL−1) and short‐chain fatty acid production, and decreased total antioxidant capacity (group CY = 4.7 ± 0.72; group C = 3.3 ± 0.3; group Y = 4.1 ± 0.47; group S = 6.7 ± 0.78 U mL−1). Furthermore, YF treatment reduced intraluminal pH (group CY = 6.45 ± 0.47; group C = 7.65 ± 0.44; group Y = 6.75 ± 0.46; group S = 8.13 ± 0.2), lactulose/mannitol ratio, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)/interleukin (IL)‐10 ratio, and increased secretory immunoglobulin A (group CY = 9.48 ± 1.46; group C = 10.95 ± 3.87; group Y = 15.95 ± 7.36; group S = 9.19 ± 1.52), but did not affect IL‐10, IL‐12, and TNF‐α levels nor the IL‐12/IL‐10 ratio.CONCLUSIONYF as a source of fructooligosaccharides may help to maintain the integrity of intestinal health, which is altered in induced CRC in rats. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimization of pectinase‐assisted extraction of Annona muricata L. juice and the effect of liquefaction on its pectin structure
Authors: Makebe Calister Wingang , Desobgo Zangue Steve Carly , Ambindei Wilson Agwanande , Billu Abraham , Nso Emmanuel Jong , Nisha P 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoursop (Annona muricata L.) is an underutilized tropical and subtropical fruit with high nutritional and therapeutic benefits. This fruit is faced with enormous post‐harvest losses due to its high perishability. This work was aimed to optimize the pectinase‐assisted extraction conditions of soursop juice using Doehlert design and to study the effect of pectinase on its pectin structure.RESULTSThe predicted models were validated for all the responses studied and the regression coefficients ranged from 0.905 to 0.987 (P ≤ 0.05). An incubation time of 172 min, enzyme concentration of 0.04% (w/w) and incubation temperature at 42.9 °C were found to be the optimal conditions for soursop juice extraction, which resulted in 75.20%, 3.74, 7.35 °Brix, 87.06%T, and 0.44% MAE for soursop juice yield (%), pH, total soluble solids (TSS) (°Brix), clarity (%T) and titratable acidity (% malic acid equivalent, MAE), respectively. Morphologically, untreated soursop pulp presented a non‐uniform spherical surface; enzyme hydrolyzed soursop exhibited ruptured and wrinkled surface; meanwhile for the different pectin obtained, untreated soursop pectin depicted porous surface and enzyme hydrolyzed soursop pectin showed whirling rough surface. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed the presence of similar chemical group stretching and vibrations in commercial pectin and soursop pectin.CONCLUSIONUnder the optimum conditions, the numerical predictions were similar to the experimental data obtained, thus confirming the validity of the models. Application of enzyme treatment caused the breakdown of pectin structure as illustrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR analyses.
Fluoride uptake and translocation in food crops grown in fluoride‐rich soils
Authors: Rizzu Margherita , Tanda Alberto , Canu Linda , Masawe Khairia , Mtei Kelvin , Deroma Mario A , Roggero Pier P , Seddaiu Giovanna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe East African Rift Valley (EARV) area is characterized by an intense volcanic activity, which largely influences the nature of soils, ground and surface waters causing a transfer of fluoride from volcanic emissions to the environment. Field experiments were conducted in fluorine‐contaminated areas of Ngarenanyuki (Arumeru district) in north Tanzania. In order to evaluate the potential fluoride exposure from diet and the related health risk for the local population, the content of fluoride in soil and plant tissues was assessed, focusing on the edible portions (leaves, fruits or seeds) of the main cultivated and consumed food crops in the area.RESULTSAverage fluoride contents of 8.0, 11.4, 11.3 and 14.2 mg kg−1 of dry matter were observed respectively for maize (Zea mays L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and kale (Brassica sp. pl.) edible parts. The cumulative estimated average daily dose (EADD) ranged from 0.026 to 0.165 mg F d−1 kg−1 among different rural population groups and considering two different hypotheses of absorption fraction (75% or 100%), i.e. the amount of fluoride that is absorbed during the digestion process. The associated hazard index (HI) values varied from 0.43 to 2.75.CONCLUSIONSConsidering the dietary habits of the local population, the outcomes of the present study suggest that the investigated crops can substantially contribute to fluoride related diseases, especially in earlier ages. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of lipophilic components in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium cultivars by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Guodong , Liu Mengshi , Chao Yingxin , Yang Yuhua , Zhang Dedong , Tao Yiwen , Zhang Jianye , Zeng Caifang , Wei Minyan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo systematically identify the lipophilic constituents of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from different cultivars, supercritical CO2 fluid extraction and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry were integrated for the component analysis of 18 batches of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from 12 cultivars for the first time. A total of 57 components from the supercritical CO2 fluid extracts were demonstrably or tentatively identified by the obtained parent peaks, fragment peaks, and retention times. In total, two flavonoids, six organic acids, nine coumarins, three aldehydes, seven esters, three terpenes, one limonoid, and five other compounds were detected for the first time; notably, coumarin components have not yet been reported in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Furthermore, the extract constituents differed between cultivars. In particular, organic acids were more abundant in Citrus reticulata “Chachi” than in other cultivars, and pterostilbene was exclusively found in Citrus reticulata “Yichangju”. The results showed that a greater variety of compounds in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium could be extracted by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction and detected by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. This study provides a more scientific basis for further analysis of the pharmacological activity and quality of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium components from different cultivars.
Dissipative Kerr Solitons in a III‐V Microresonator
Authors: Moille Gregory , Chang Lin , Xie Weiqiang , Rao Ashutosh , Lu Xiyuan , Davanço Marcelo , Bowers John E. , Srinivasan Kartik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStable microresonator Kerr soliton frequency combs in a III‐V platform (AlGaAs on SiO2) are demonstrated through quenching of thermorefractive effects by cryogenic cooling to temperatures between 4 and 20 K. This cooling reduces the resonator's thermorefractive coefficient, whose room‐temperature value is an order of magnitude larger than that of other microcomb platforms like Si3N4, SiO2, and AlN, by more than two orders of magnitude, and makes soliton states adiabatically accessible. Realizing such phase‐stable soliton operation is critical for applications that fully exploit the ultra‐high effective nonlinearity and high optical quality factors exhibited by this platform.
Photo‐ and pH‐Responsive Polycarbonate Block Copolymer Prodrug Nanomicelles for Controlled Release of Doxorubicin
Authors: Kalva Nagendra , Uthaman Saji , Augustine Rimesh , Jeon Su Hyeon , Huh Kang Moo , Park In‐Kyu , Kim Il 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhoto/pH dual‐responsive amphiphilic diblock copolymers with alkyne functionalized pendant o‐nitrobenzyl ester group are synthesized using poly(ethylene glycol) as a macroinitiator. The pendant alkynes are functionalized as aldehyde groups by the azide‐alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition. The anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) molecules are then covalently conjugated through acid‐sensitive Schiff‐base linkage. The resultant prodrug copolymers self‐assemble into nanomicelles in aqueous solution. The prodrug nanomicelles have a well‐defined morphology with an average size of 20–40 nm. The dual‐stimuli are applied individually or simultaneously to study the release behavior of DOX. Under UV light irradiation, nanomicelles are disassembled due to the ONB ester photocleavage. The light‐controlled DOX release behavior is demonstrated using fluorescence spectroscopy. Due to the pH‐sensitive imine linkage the DOX molecules are released rapidly from the nanomicelles at the acidic pH of 5.0, whereas only minimal amount of DOX molecules is released at the pH of 7.4. The DOX release rate is tunable by applying the dual‐stimuli simultaneously. In vitro studies against colon cancer cells demonstrate that the nanomicelles show the efficient cellular uptake and the intracellular DOX release, indicating that the newly designed copolymers with dual‐stimuli‐response have significant potential applications as a smart nanomedicine against cancer.
Cell‐Laden Hydrogels for Multikingdom 3D Printing
Authors: Johnston Trevor G. , Fillman Jacob P. , Priks Hans , Butelmann Tobias , Tamm Tarmo , Kumar Rahul , Lahtvee Petri‐Jaan , Nelson Alshakim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLiving materials are created through the embedding of live, whole cells into a matrix that can house and sustain the viability of the encapsulated cells. Through the immobilization of these cells, their bioactivity can be harnessed for applications such as bioreactors for the production of high‐value chemicals. While the interest in living materials is growing, many existing materials lack robust structure and are difficult to pattern. Furthermore, many living materials employ only one type of microorganism, or microbial consortia with little control over the arrangement of the various cell types. In this work, a Pluronic F127‐based hydrogel system is characterized for the encapsulation of algae, yeast, and bacteria to create living materials. This hydrogel system is also demonstrated to be an excellent material for additive manufacturing in the form of direct write 3D‐printing to spatially arrange the cells within a single printed construct. These living materials allow for the development of incredibly complex, immobilized consortia, and the results detailed herein further enhance the understanding of how cells behave within living material matrices. The utilization of these materials allows for interesting applications of multikingdom microbial cultures in immobilized bioreactor or biosensing technologies.
Nanoscopic Characterization of Stearic Acid Release from Bovine Serum Albumin Hydrogels
Authors: Sanaeifar Niuosha , Mäder Karsten , Hinderberger Dariush 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe release behavior of 16‐doxyl stearic acid (16‐DSA) from hydrogels made from bovine serum albumin (BSA) is characterized. 16‐DSA serves as a model tracer molecule for amphiphilic drugs. Various hydrogel preparation procedures are tested and the fatty acid release from the different gels is compared in detail. These comparisons reach from the macroscopic level, the viscoelastic behavior via rheological characterization to changes on the nanoscopic level concerning the secondary structure of the protein during gelation through infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy. 16‐DSA‐BSA interaction via continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) spectroscopy in addition gives a nanoscopic view of small molecule–hydrogel interaction. The combined effects of fatty acid concentration, hydrogel incubation time, and gelation procedures on release behavior are studied via CW EPR spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, which provide deep insight on the interaction of 16‐DSA with BSA hydrogels and the nature and size of the released components, respectively. It is found that the release rate of the fatty acid from BSA hydrogels depends on and can thus be tuned through its loading percentage, duration of hydrogel formation and the type of gelation methods. All of the results confirm the potential of these gels as delivery hosts in pharmaceutical applications allowing the sustained release of drug.