bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of methods and characterization of small RNAs from plasma extracellular vesicles of HIV/HCV coinfected patients
Authors: Martínez-González Elena , Brochado-Kith Óscar , Gómez-Sanz Alicia , Martín-Carbonero Luz , Jimenez-Sousa Ma Ángeles , Martínez-Román Paula , Resino Salvador , Briz Verónica , Fernández-Rodríguez Amanda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hijack the host exosomal machinery as an additional mechanism of infection and evasion of the immune system, modifying the small RNA (smRNA) cargo during infection. We characterized the surface epitopes of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from plasma HIV/HCV-coinfected patients and their smRNA cargo profile, by comparing different isolation procedures. Six EVs isolation procedures were compared: ultracentrifugation, and five different polyethylene glycol-based methods (commercial, combined with a column purification step and two custom); and two RNA commercial kits (phenol and non-phenol based) were used. High-throughput sequencing of smRNAs was performed. Exosomal surface epitopes were analyzed by the MACSPlex Exosome Kit. Four miRNAs displayed differences among protocols (hsa-miR-205-5p and hsa-let-7a/b/f-5p). The selection of RNA isolation kit impacted on the detection of miRNAs and other smRNAs, where the phenol-based RNA isolation kit performed acceptably. EVs surface was enriched with HLA-DR/DP/DQ, CD81, and CD8. There were three liver-specific miRNAs overexpressed (let-7a-5p, miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-122-5p), thus, EVs cargo might reflect liver disease evolution. Other smRNAs such as piwi-interacting RNAs were also detected for the first time. Custom polyethylene glycol precipitation-based methods combined with an RNA phenol-based kit yielded the higher number of smRNAs for EVs isolated from plasma HIV/HCV patients.
CMOS compatible novel integration solution for broad range tunable photodetection using phase-change material based heterostructures
Authors: Srivastava Vibhu , Mishra Prateek , Sunny  
Published: July 2020

AbstractHeterostructures (HS) have always been in attraction due to their inherited properties and different important applications. Integration of a phase-change material (PCM) with HS can tremendously extend the operating and application range using the “phase-tuning” of PCM for any optoelectronic devices. In the present study, we report a detailed study of electrical and optoelectronic characteristics of a p-p and p-n HS combining Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and Si. Reasonable 2 order of resistance switching is achieved by thermal annealing. The changes in optical properties are analysed using Ellipsometry, UV–Vis–NIR and Raman spectroscopy to speculate the optoelectronic behaviour of GST/Si samples. The optical and electrical characterization were analysed with aluminium (Al), platinum (Pt) and Ti/Au contacts. Appreciable rectifications varying from 500 to 1,000 at lower voltages are achieved with different contacts for both phases of GST. The change in rectification amount and current polarity are obtained with different kinds of contacts and at different incident wavelengths indicating different mechanisms of charge separation and collection. Responsivity of more than 9 A/W with < 1,000 photo-current to dark-current ratio is demonstrated in wavelength range of 0.8–2 μm under moderate range of biasing under ~ μW source power illumination. The characteristics obtained were justified with the prediction of band alignment with the help of work-function difference measurement by Kelvin-probe force microscopy and carrier density measurement by Hall experiment. Our results provide understanding to the opto-electrical behaviour of a heterojunction made of stacking PCM (GST) on Si highlighting their future use in photonic/optoelectronic-integrated circuits.
Validation of the revised Oxford classification for IgA nephropathy considering treatment with corticosteroids/immunosuppressors
Authors: Moriyama Takahito , Karasawa Kazunori , Miyabe Yoei , Akiyama Kenichi , Ogura Shota , Takabe Tomo , Sugiura Naoko , Seki Momoko , Iwabuchi Yuko , Uchida Keiko , Nitta Kosaku 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Oxford classification for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was updated in 2017. We have validated the revised Oxford classification considering treatment with corticosteroids/immunosuppressors. In this retrospective analysis, 871 IgAN patients were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups, those treated with or without corticosteroids/immunosuppressors. The 20-year renal prognosis up to end-stage renal disease was assessed using the Oxford classification. In all patients, the renal survival rate was 87.5% at 10 years and 72.6% at 20 years. The T score alone was significantly related to renal prognosis in the Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. In the non-treatment group (n = 445), E, S, T, and C scores were significantly related to renal survival rates, however, in the treatment group (n = 426), T score alone was significantly related to renal prognosis on Kaplan–Meier analysis, indicating that corticosteroids/immunosuppressors improved renal prognosis in E1, S1, and C1. In patients with E1, S1, or C1, the treatment group showed significantly better renal prognosis than the non-treatment group in univariate and multivariate analysis. The Oxford classification and T score were used to determine renal prognosis in IgAN patients. Corticosteroids/immunosuppressors improved renal prognosis, especially E1, S1, and C1 scores.
Enhancement of the sensitivity of single band ratiometric luminescent nanothermometers based on Tb3+ ions through activation of the cross relaxation process
Authors: Drabik Joanna , Kowalski Robert , Marciniak Lukasz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe description of luminescent processes and their thermally induced changes, that may be also influenced by the optically active ions concentration, and thus by the various inter-ionic processes, is the key to the improved development of luminescence thermometry. A phosphor doped with only trivalent terbium ions was described, which, by using two excitation lines fitted to the 7F6 → 5D3 and 7F5 → 5D3 transitions, shows a luminescent signals with the opposite characteristics of intensity changes as a function of temperature. By modifying the concentration of Tb3+ ions, the probability of {5D3, 7F6} ↔ {5D4, 7F0} cross-relaxation was being altered, which turned out to have a beneficial effect on the properties of the described nanothermometers. The ratio of intensities for both excitations was found to be temperature dependent, which resulted in high relative sensitivities of temperature readout reaching 3.2%/°C for 190 °C and not reaching values below 2%/°C in the broad range of the temperature. Extensive decay time measurements for 5D3 and 5D4 emissive levels were presented and the variability of both rise- and decay times as a function of terbium concentration and temperature was investigated. Thanks to this, conclusions were drawn regarding thermally dependent optical processes occurring in a given and similar systems.
Blocking C-Raf alleviated high-dose small-volume radiation-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in mice lung
Authors: Hong Zhen-Yu , Li Sanke , Liu Xiaomei , Leng Xiao-Min , Miao Zhanhui , Kang Xiaohong , Niu Hongrui , Gao Ming-Qing , Lu Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe goal of this study was to develop a potential druggable target for lung injury after SABR through the small animal model. Utilising the model, a radiation dose of 70 Gy or 90 Gy was focally (small volume) delivered to the left lung of mice. The highly expressed phosphorylation form of C-Raf was discovered through a protein array experiment, with the protein being extracted from the area of radiated mouse lung tissue, and was confirmed by IHC and western blot. C-Raf activation, along with morphological change and EMT (Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition) marker expression, was observed after radiation to the mouse type II alveolar cell line MLE-12. C-Raf inhibitor GW5074 was able to reverse the EMT in cells effectively, and was found to be dependent on Twist1 expression. In the animal experiment, pretreatment of GW5074 alleviated EMT and lung injury after 70 Gy radiation was focally delivered to the lung of mice. Conclusively, these results demonstrate that C-Raf inhibitor GW5074 inhibits high-dose small-volume radiation-induced EMT via the C-Raf/Twist1 signalling pathway in mice. Therefore, pharmacological C-Raf inhibitors may be used effectively as inhibitors of SABR-induced lung fibrosis.
A systemic approach to assess the potential and risks of wildlife culling for infectious disease control
Authors: Miguel Eve , Grosbois Vladimir , Caron Alexandre , Pople Diane , Roche Benjamin , Donnelly Christl A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe maintenance of infectious diseases requires a sufficient number of susceptible hosts. Host culling is a potential control strategy for animal diseases. However, the reduction in biodiversity and increasing public concerns regarding the involved ethical issues have progressively challenged the use of wildlife culling. Here, we assess the potential of wildlife culling as an epidemiologically sound management tool, by examining the host ecology, pathogen characteristics, eco-sociological contexts, and field work constraints. We also discuss alternative solutions and make recommendations for the appropriate implementation of culling for disease control.
EeV astrophysical neutrinos from flat spectrum radio quasars
Authors: Righi C. , Palladino A. , Tavecchio F. , Vissani F. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) are the most powerful blazars in the γ-ray band. Although they are supposed to be good candidates in producing high-energy neutrinos, no secure detection of FSRQs has been obtained to date, except for a possible case of PKS B1424-418.
Aims. In this work, our aim was to compute the expected flux of high-energy neutrinos from FSRQs using standard assumptions for the properties of the radiation fields filling the regions surrounding the central supermassive black hole.
Methods. Starting from the FSRQ spectral sequence, we computed the neutrino spectrum assuming interaction of relativistic protons with internal and external radiation fields. We studied the neutrino spectra resulting from different values of free parameters
Results. The result we obtained is that high-energy neutrinos are naturally expected from FSRQs in the sub-EeV–EeV energy range and not at PeV energies. This justifies the non-observation of neutrinos from FSRQs with the present technology, since only neutrinos below 10 PeV have been observed. We found that for a non-negligible range of the parameters, the cumulative flux from FSRQs is comparable to or even exceeds the expected cosmogenic neutrino flux. This result is intriguing and highlights the importance of disentangling these point-source emissions from the diffuse cosmogenic background.
Langzeitbegleitung bei Traumata
Authors: Houben Martina , Welsch Katja , Nebel Gudrun , Ahl Anja 
Published: July 2020

SummaryVier Experten stellen die Langzeitbegleitung bei Traumata mithilfe von Urtinkturen, der Homöopathie, der Aromatherapie und von Bachblüten vor.
Von der Ohnmacht zur Spaltung
Authors: Wallbruch Gisela 
Published: July 2020

SummaryTraumatisierungen können durch einmalige oder serielle Ereignisse im Kindes-, Jugend-, Erwachsenen-, aber auch im vorgeburtlichen Alter entstehen und gehen häufig von nahestehenden Menschen aus. Häufig kommt es zur Abspaltung von Gefühlen und Persönlichkeitsanteilen und insbesondere Dissoziationen, die mit einem Verlust der Ganzheit des situativen Raum-, Zeit- und Selbsterlebens einhergehen. Multimodale, aussichtsreiche Therapien schließen nach Bessel van der Kolk unter anderem tiefenpsychologisch fundierte, körperorientierte Traumatherapien und weniger die Psychoanalyseein.
Die Liebe weist den Weg
Authors: Grodhues Juliane 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAls Nachtoderfahrung bezeichnet man den spontanen, mit verschiedenen Sinnen wahrgenommenen, inneren, subjektiven Kontakt mit verstorbenen Angehörigen und Freunden. Die IADC-Trauertherapie kombiniert die Lösung traumatisch bedingter Blockaden der natürlichen Trauer mit heilsam und tröstend wirkenden Nachtodkontakten. Die Nachtoderfahrungen werden vom IADC-Therapeuten nicht willkürlich induziert, sondern sind natürliches Resultat eines Behandlungsprozesses mit dem Fokus auf die Trauer.
Aus der Schockstarre zurück in die Balance
Authors: Grüber Isa 
Published: July 2020

SummaryWährend freilebende Tiere in lebensbedrohlichen Situationen die aktivierte Überlebensenergie nach überstandener Gefahr wieder abschütteln, kommt es bei Menschen häufig im Trauma zur Schockstarre und zum inneren Kollabieren. Chronischer posttraumatischer Stress bleibt dabei im Nervensystem gebunden, mit der Folge erhöhter Grundanspannung und Alarmbereitschaft. Somatic Experiencing® identifiziert als körperorientiertes Verfahren Trauma, Trigger und Ressourcen, vollendet durch körperliches Erspüren der Kraftquellen die ursprünglich unterbrochene Schutzreaktion und löst somit die neuronale Verhaftung im Trauma.
Belastungen in der Betreuung von Parkinson-Patientinnen und - Patienten
Authors: Ransmayr Gerhard 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungPatientinnen und Patienten (Pat.) mit Parkinson-Krankheit bedürfen mit zunehmender Krankheitsdauer und Schweregrad persönlicher Betreuung, die meist von weiblichen Angehörigen gewährleistet wird. Die Belastungen für pflegende Angehörige resultieren einerseits aus den motorischen Beeinträchtigungen der Pat., andererseits von neurokognitiven und neuropsychiatrischen Symptomen sowie Verhaltensstörungen, Störungen des autonomen Nervensystems, der Miktion, des Schlafes und der Selbstständigkeit. Gesundheitliche Probleme der Betreuungsperson, u. a. Depression und Angst, emotionale Probleme mit dem Pflegling, Beeinträchtigung des Schlafs, sowie Einschränkungen in persönlichen Anliegen, Beruf, Familie, Freizeitgestaltung, sozialen Aktivitäten, finanzielle Einbußen und mangelhafte soziale Unterstützung stellen weitere Belastungsfaktoren dar. Personen mit dem Risiko einer erheblichen Betreuungsbelastung sind frühzeitig zu identifizieren, um ihnen Informationen über die Krankheit und Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten sowie entsprechende personelle, psychologische und finanzielle Unterstützung zukommen zu lassen.
Surgical versus Nonsurgical Management of Postmastectomy Lymphedema: A Prospective Quality of Life Investigation
Authors: Darrach Halley , Yesantharao Pooja S. , Persing Sarah , Kokosis George , Carl Hannah M. , Bridgham Kelly , Seu Michelle , Stifler Samantha , Sacks Justin M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground Postmastectomy secondary lymphedema can cause substantial morbidity. However, few studies have investigated longitudinal quality of life (QoL) outcomes in patients with postmastectomy lymphedema, especially with regard to surgical versus nonoperative management. This study prospectively investigated QoL in surgically versus nonsurgically managed patients with postmastectomy upper extremity lymphedema.Methods This was a longitudinal cohort study of breast cancer-related lymphedema patients at a single institution, between February 2017 and January 2020. Lymphedema Quality of Life Instrument (LyQLI) and RAND-36 QoL instrument were used. Mann–Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests were used for descriptive statistics. Wilcoxon's signed-rank testing and linear modeling were used to analyze longitudinal changes in QoL.Results Thirty-two lymphedema patients were recruited to the study (20 surgical and 12 nonsurgical). Surgical and nonsurgical cohorts did not significantly differ in clinical/demographic characteristics or baseline QoL scores, but at the 12-month time point surgical patients had significantly greater LyQLI overall health scores than nonsurgical patients (79.3 vs. 58.3, p = 0.02), as well as higher composite RAND-36 physical (68.5 vs. 38.3, p = 0.04), and mental (77.0 vs. 52.7, p = 0.02) scores. Furthermore, LyQLI overall health scores significantly improved over time in surgical patients (60.0 at baseline vs. 79.3 at 12 months, p = 0.04). Besides surgical treatment, race, and age were also found to significantly impact QoL on multivariable analysis.Conclusion Our results suggest that when compared with nonoperative management, surgery improved QoL for chronic, secondary upper extremity lymphedema patients within 12-month postoperatively. Our results also suggested that insurance status may have influenced decisions to undergo lymphedema surgery. Further study is needed to investigate the various sociodemographic factors that were also found to impact QoL outcomes in these lymphedema patients.
Shared up-regulation and contrasting down-regulation of gene expression distinguish desiccation-tolerant from intolerant green algae
Authors: Peredo Elena L. , Cardon Zoe G. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
The well-established up-regulation of genes coding for protective proteins during drying of desiccation-tolerant taxa has been central to previous efforts to understand (and manipulate) desiccation tolerance. Using comparative transcriptomics in closely related desiccation-tolerant (desert-derived) and intolerant (aquatic) green algae in the family Scenedesmaceae, here we show, however, that both desiccation-tolerant and intolerant algae up-regulated expression of common protective genes during desiccation. The feature distinguishing desert green algae from their aquatic relative was an extensive, controlled down-regulation of gene expression associated with diverse growth and energy-acquiring metabolic pathways during desiccation. These data suggest a new perspective on desiccation tolerance may be warranted, recognizing both up-regulation of genes coding for protective proteins and extensive down-regulation of diverse metabolic genes.
Deconstruction of biomass enabled by local demixing of cosolvents at cellulose and lignin surfaces
Authors: Pingali Sai Venkatesh , Smith Micholas Dean , Liu Shih-Hsien , Rawal Takat B. , Pu Yunqiao , Shah Riddhi , Evans Barbara R. , Urban Volker S. , Davison Brian H. , Cai Charles M. , Ragauskas Arthur J. , O’Neill Hugh M. , Smith Jeremy C. , Petridis Loukas 
Published: July 2020

Significance
The use of plant biomass for the production of fuels and chemicals is of critical economic and environmental importance, but has posed a formidable challenge, due to the recalcitrance of biomass to deconstruction. We report direct experimental and computational evidence of a simple physical chemical principle that explains the success of mixing an organic cosolvent, tetrahydrofuran, with water to overcome this recalcitrance. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic biomass surfaces are solvated by single-component nanoclusters of complementary polarity. This principle can serve as a guide for designing even more effective technologies for solubilizing and fractionating biomass. The results further highlight the role of nanoscale fluctuations of molecular solvents in driving changes in the structure of the solutes.
Forgoing earned incentives to signal pure motives
Authors: Kirgios Erika L. , Chang Edward H. , Levine Emma E. , Milkman Katherine L. , Kessler Judd B. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceFinancial incentives can spark behavior change but often damage recipients’ self-image. We designed and tested an intervention that allows organizations and individuals to resolve this tension. We motivated actors with financial rewards and then gave them the opportunity to forgo those rewards to signal their past actions were intrinsically motivated. We propose that actors who forgo financial rewards engage in “motivation laundering,” passing up payments earned for an incentivized action to retroactively signal that their motivations were intrinsic. Our intervention has the potential to leave organizations and incentivized individuals better off: Financial rewards help actors build better habits, and motivation laundering allows them to boost their self-image, while giving organizations opportunities to lower incentive program costs.
Lineage reconstruction from clonal correlations
Authors: Weinreb Caleb , Klein Allon M. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Animals begin life as a single cell that divides and differentiates to form a complex body. In doing so, cells make a sequence of fate decisions, often depicted as a tree. A goal in developmental biology is to chart the structure of this tree across tissues, typically by tagging cells and tracking their offspring. Recent advances in DNA sequencing enable tracking thousands of cells simultaneously using unique DNA barcodes, but one can construct false differentiation hierarchies from barcode data. Here, we apply the theory of branching processes to derive conditions under which barcode statistics correctly encode developmental hierarchy. We use this formal basis to develop a practical pipeline for analyzing lineage barcoding experiments. The pipeline is demonstrated in studying hematopoiesis.
Individual differences determine the strength of ecological interactions
Authors: Griffiths Jason I. , Childs Dylan Z. , Bassar Ronald D. , Coulson Tim , Reznick David N. , Rees Mark 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Demonstrating asymmetric competition in natural systems is difficult, as the effect of large individuals on small ones has to be measured, and vice versa. Numerous experiments have quantified one side of the interaction, typically the effect of large individuals on small ones. Here, we demonstrate, using a long-term study of guppies, that an individual’s performance depends on its relative size, with large individuals being competitively dominant. Accurate prediction of both the mean and variance in body size was possible by using models incorporating asymmetric competition, whereas in models where individuals are competitively equivalent, the predictions were poor.
Translation information processing is regulated by protein kinase C-dependent mechanism in Purkinje cells in murine posterior vermis
Authors: Hernández Rosendo G. , De Zeeuw Chris I. , Zhang Ruyan , Yakusheva Tatyana A. , Blazquez Pablo M. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
For spatial navigation, self-centered information sensed by sensory organs is transformed into word-centered information about our motion and orientation in space. The cerebellar posterior vermis helps transform vestibular afferent cues into translation and tilt information, but empirical evidence on the neuronal computations involved is lacking. We investigate these computations using a modeling approach and transgenic mice where protein kinase C (PKC) is inhibited at cerebellar cortex output neurons (Purkinje cells [PCs]). We demonstrate that most PCs have tilt and translation information and that the gain and timing of translation information are modulated by PKC-dependent processes. Hence, translation and tilt information are independently regulated in PCs. Moreover, PKC-dependent processes at PCs participate in generating world-centered motion information.