bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scatterer identification in a 2D geophysical medium using an augmented computational time reversal method
Authors: Rabinovich Daniel , Givoli Dan , Bielak Jacobo , Turkel Eli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe problem of identifying an obstacle (scatterer) in the form of a cavity in a 2D geophysical medium is considered. This is posed as an inverse wave problem, where the location of the cavity is sought based on measurements of the elastic waves recorded by sensors located at certain points in the domain. The sensor measurements are noisy, and are generated synthetically as a first step. The inverse problem is solved by seeking the minimum of a specially designed cost functional, based on a computational time reversal (TR) procedure, where waves are radiated back in time from the sensors. The cost functional is defined to measure, for each scatterer candidate in the search space, the quality of the refocusing of the backward‐propagating waves on the given wave source at the end of the TR process. While the basic idea has appeared in previous publications, here it is applied to a 2D heterogeneous geophysical model (albeit a relatively simple one), and is enhanced by using several auxiliary techniques. These include (a) an “augmentation” technique, which is used to strengthen the coherent information (and thus to weaken the noncoherent information) by solving an elliptic problem at each time step; (b) experimentation with both instantaneous (impact) sources and time‐harmonic sources of finite duration; (c) combining the identification results of several sources and several source wavelengths to enhance identification; (d) reducing the size of the search space by a special “zooming in” technique; and (e) defining a performance index to assess the method's success and to provide a measure of confidence in the identification result in each specific case. Several numerical experiments are presented that demonstrate the performance of the proposed schemes. The sensitivity of the identification process to various parameters of the scatterer, the measurements, and the medium is investigated.
Association between intensive care unit delirium and delusional memory after critical care in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Yoshino Yasuyo , Unoki Takeshi , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Ouchi Akira , Hoshino Haruhiko , Matsuishi Yujiro , Mizutani Taro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo determine the relationship between the delirium of patients with mechanical ventilation during intensive care unit (ICU) stay and delusional memory after ICU discharge.DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsDelirium in adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hr was assessed twice daily using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. Delusional memories were evaluated using the ICU Memory Tool 5–10 days after ICU discharge. The associations between the presence of delirium during the ICU stay and delusional memories were evaluated.ResultsOf 60 enrolled patients, 62% had delirium during their ICU stay, and 68% experienced delusional memories 5–10 days after discharge. Delirium during ICU stay was an independent factor to experience delusional memories following discharge. Preventing delirium during ICU stay might reduce delusional memory. We recommend that patients with delirium during their ICU stay should be carefully followed up after discharge from the ICU.
Strengthening tRansparent reporting of reseArch on uNfinished nursing CARE: The RANCARE guideline
Authors: Blatter Catherine , Hamilton Patti , Bachnick Stefanie , Zúñiga Franziska , Ausserhofer Dietmar , Simon Michael ,   for the RANCARE Consortium
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnfinished, rationed, missed, or otherwise undone nursing care is a phenomenon observed across health‐care settings worldwide. Irrespective of differing terminology, it has repeatedly been linked to adverse outcomes for both patients and nursing staff. With growing numbers of publications on the topic, scholars have acknowledged persistent barriers to meaningful comparison across studies, settings, and health‐care systems. The aim of this study was thus to develop a guideline to strengthen transparent reporting in research on unfinished nursing care. An international four‐person steering group led a consensus process including a two‐round online Delphi survey and a workshop with 38 international experts. The study was embedded in the RANCARE COST Action: Rationing Missed Nursing Care: An international and multidimensional Problem. Participation was voluntary. The resulting 40‐item RANCARE guideline provides recommendations for transparent and comprehensive reporting on unfinished nursing care regarding conceptualization, measurement, contextual information, and data analyses. By increasing the transparency and comprehensiveness in reporting of studies on unfinished nursing care, the RANCARE guideline supports efficient use of the research results, for example, allowing researchers and nurses to take purposeful actions, with the goal of improving the safety and quality of health‐care services.
Perinatal characteristics and early childhood follow up after ex‐utero intrapartum treatment for head and neck teratomas by prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Aalipour Soroush , Stewart Kelsey A. , Nassr Ahmed A. , Furtun Betul Y. , Erfani Hadi , Sundgren Nathan C. , Cortes Magdalena S. , Donepudi Roopali V. , Lee Timothy C. , Mehta Deepak K. , Kravitz Elizabeth S. , Asl Nazli M. , Espinoza Jimmy , Belfort Michael A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundEx utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) is utilized for safe delivery when a baby has a compromised airway. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the indications and outcomes of 11 children presenting with airway occluding oropharyngeal and cervical teratomas.MethodsStudy of all children with an airway occluding teratoma delivered via EXIT (2001–2018) in our unit. Primary outcomes included survival and tracheostomy at discharge. Data are reported using descriptive statistics as median (range) and rate (%).ResultsWe performed 45 EXIT procedure performed between January 2001 and April 2018. Of these, eleven were for cervical and/or upper airway teratoma. Ten (91%) cases had associated polyhydramnios, two (18%) developed nonimmune hydrops, and eight (72%) delivered preterm. Six (45.5%) were performed as an emergency. Estimated blood loss was 1000 ml (500, 1000). The neonatal mortality rate was 18% (2/11) and 33% (3/9) of the survivors were discharged with a tracheostomy.ConclusionEXIT is a reasonable option for delivery of babies with an occlusive upper airway mass. Neonatal survival depends on individualized factors but may be as high as 82% in those with teratoma.
An overview of the recent advances in polylactide‐based sustainable nanocomposites
Authors: Banerjee Ritima , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe article reports recent advances in reference to the existing literature and presents a knowledge gap and potential solution ideas for polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites as sustainable materials. Various types of nanoparticles have been used for the development of PLA nanocomposites; however, this work focuses on PLA nanocomposites of nanoclay, nanocelluloses, carbon nanotube, and graphene. By providing a wholistic overview of the fundamental knowledge pertaining to PLA, and covering all critical aspects related to processing, characterization, and applications of PLA nanocomposites, this review provides a direction for future developments in the field of PLA nanocomposites suitable for various advanced applications, which is still scarce in the literature, including review articles. Moreover, the effects of dispersion/distribution of various types of nanoparticles on the degradation characteristics and special properties, such as cytocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and antimicrobial properties, of PLA nanocomposites are critically reviewed with regard to the nature of nanoparticles used for nanocomposite formation. In summary, this review provides new insight into the design and formulation of advanced PLA nanocomposites for a wide range of applications as sustainable materials.
Improvement in nano‐pattern replication of injection molding by polyamide/dendrimer blend
Authors: Kang Donghoon , Kim Hyung‐Il 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn general, lower viscosity of materials leads to desirable nano‐pattern replication characteristics in injection molding processes. However, such materials do not meet the properties required for manufacturable products owing to their poor mechanical properties. In this study, we blended a small amount of dendrimer with high‐viscosity polyamide 6 to lower viscosity and enhance flowability of the polymer blend while maintaining desirable mechanical properties. It was observed that the flowability of the polyamide 6/dendrimer blend increased significantly with an increase in dendrimer content without affecting the mechanical properties of high‐viscosity polyamide 6. To investigate the nano‐pattern replication characteristics of the blend, injection molding process and the mold of metal stamp were used to manufacture a nano‐pattern specimen. Blending more than 0.6 wt% of dendrimer with high‐viscosity polyamide 6 significantly improved its nano‐pattern replication characteristics and flowability.
Study of the interfacial adhesive strength of a heat‐shrinkable multilayer film
Authors: Nishitsuji Shotaro , Shinozaki Chie , Miyata Ken , Yamada Shinya , Yoshida Jun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA heat‐shrinkable multilayer film is widely employed as labels of plastic bottles. A new heat‐shrinkable multilayer film without an adhesive layer was designed in this study. The interfacial adhesive strength between the layers was controlled to avoid layer separation. We assumed a polyethylene terephthalate glycol‐modified (PETG)/styrene‐co‐butadiene block copolymer/PETG shrinkable film substitute as the general poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/polystyrene/PET shrinkable film. The interlayer adhesive strength between the layers was retained for industrial utilization even after drawing. Additional polybutadiene (PB) infiltrated the butadiene layer in the microphase‐separated structure. Further addition of PB could not infiltrate the butadiene layer. The excessive PB contents coexisted with the interface between the layers, as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The segregated PB enhanced the interfacial adhesive strength. We concluded that the selective distribution of adhesive functional materials along the interface could appropriately retain its adhesive strength.
Behavior of axially loaded plain and fiber‐reinforced geopolymer concrete columns with glass fiber‐reinforced polymer cages
Authors: Ali Shehroze , Sheikh M. Neaz , N. S. Hadi Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, the behavior of axially loaded plain and fiber‐reinforced geopolymer concrete columns reinforced with glass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars and helices was investigated. Ten ambient‐cured geopolymer concrete columns of 160 mm diameter and 640 mm height were cast and tested under concentric axial loads. The behavior of the columns was investigated under the effect of the type of reinforcement (steel vs. GFRP), pitch of the GFRP helices (40, 75, 100 mm), and addition of nonmetallic fibers, that is, glass fiber and polypropylene fiber. It was found that GFRP bar reinforced geopolymer concrete column achieved less axial load, confinement efficiency, and ductility compared to the geopolymer concrete column reinforced with the same amount of the steel reinforcement. Overall, the reduction in the pitch of the GFRP helices enhanced the confinement efficiency, post‐peak behavior, and ductility of the plain and fiber‐reinforced geopolymer concrete columns. Also, the addition of fibers significantly improved the ductility of the GFRP bar reinforced geopolymer concrete columns.
[3.2.1] and [4.1.1] isomers of Lehn's [2.2.2] Cryptand: Prediction of ion selectivity by quantum chemical calculations XV**
Authors: Ćoćić Dušan , Manaa Aliya , Siegl Selina , Puchta Ralph , van Eldik Rudi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSelective alkaline and earth alkaline metal ion encapsulation by two different Lehn‐type cryptands, noted as [3.2.1] and [4.1.1], was predicted and between them compared on the DFT (B3LYP/LANL2DZp) basis set. Since these cryptands are isomers to the well‐known [2.2.2] cryptand, the cation encapsulation selectivity of all three cages were compared. The ion selectivity and ability of the host to adjust their structure to successfully accommodate the metal ions, were based on energy and geometric criteria. Different lengths of O‐Et‐O‐bridging arms provide an unsymmetrical cryptand host with great flexibility to accommodate large alkali and alkaline earth metal cations.
Characteristic cohomology and observables in higher spin gravity
Authors: Sharapov Alexey , Skvortsov Evgeny 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe give a complete classification of dynamical invariants in 3dand 4dHigher Spin Gravity models, with some comments on arbitraryd. These include holographic correlation functions, interaction vertices, on-shell actions, conserved currents, surface charges, and some others. Surprisingly, there are a good many conservedp-form currents with variousp. The last fact, being in tension with ‘no nontrivial conserved currents in quantum gravity’ and similar statements, gives an indication of hidden integrability of the models. Our results rely on a systematic computation of Hochschild, cyclic, and Chevalley-Eilenberg cohomology for the corresponding higher spin algebras. A new invariant in Chern-Simons theory with the Weyl algebra as gauge algebra is also presented.
Holographic superconductors in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Authors: Qiao Xiongying , OuYang Liang , Wang Dong , Pan Qiyuan , Jing Jiliang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigate the neutral AdS black-hole solution in the consistent D → 4 Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity proposed in [K. Aoki, M.A. Gorji, and S. Mukohyama, Phys. Lett. B810 (2020) 135843] and construct the gravity duals of (2 + 1)-dimensional superconductors with Gauss-Bonnet corrections in the probe limit. We find that the curvature correction has a more subtle effect on the scalar condensates in the s-wave superconductor in (2 + 1)-dimensions, which is different from the finding in the higher-dimensional superconductors that the higher curvature correction makes the scalar hair more difficult to be developed in the full parameter space. However, in the p-wave case, we observe that the higher curvature correction always makes it harder for the vector condensates to form in various dimensions. Moreover, we note that the higher curvature correction results in the larger deviation from the expected relation in the gap frequency ωg/Tc ≈ 8 in both (2 + 1)-dimensional s-wave and p-wave models.
The boostless bootstrap: amplitudes without Lorentz boosts
Authors: Pajer Enrico , Stefanyszyn David , Supeł Jakub 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Poincaré invariance is a well-tested symmetry of nature and sits at the core of our description of relativistic particles and gravity. At the same time, in most systems Poincaré invariance is not a symmetry of the ground state and is hence broken spontaneously. This phenomenon is ubiquitous in cosmology where Lorentz boosts are spontaneously broken by the existence of a preferred reference frame in which the universe is homogeneous and isotropic. This motivates us to study scattering amplitudes without requiring invariance of the interactions under Lorentz boosts. In particular, using on-shell methods and assuming massless, relativistic and luminal particles of any spin, we show that the allowed interactions around Minkowski spacetime are severely constrained by unitarity and locality in the form of consistent factorization. The existence of an interacting massless spin-2 particle enforces (analytically continued) three-particle amplitudes to be Lorentz invariant, even those that do not involve a graviton, such as cubic scalar couplings. We conjecture this to be true for all n-particle amplitudes. Also, particles of spin S > 2 cannot self-interact nor can be minimally coupled to gravity, while particles of spin S > 1 cannot have electric charge. Given the growing evidence that free gravitons are well described by massless, luminal relativistic particles, our results imply that cubic graviton interactions in Minkowski must be those of general relativity up to a unique Lorentz-invariant higher-derivative correction of mass dimension 9. Finally, we point out that consistent factorization for massless particles is highly IR sensitive and therefore our powerful flat-space results do not straightforwardly apply to curved spacetime.
Contribution of the Darwin operator to non-leptonic decays of heavy quarks
Authors: Lenz Alexander , Piscopo Maria Laura , Rusov Aleksey V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We compute the Darwin operator contribution ($$ 1/{m}_b^3 $$
1
/

m
b
3

correction) to the width of the inclusive non-leptonic decay of a B meson (B+, Bd or Bs), stemming from the quark flavour-changing transition b → $$ {q}_1{\overline{q}}_2{q}_3 $$

q
1

q
¯

2

q
3

, where q1, q2 = u, c and q3 = d, s. The key ideas of the computation are the local expansion of the quark propagator in the external gluon field including terms with a covariant derivative of the gluon field strength tensor and the standard technique of the Heavy Quark Expansion (HQE). We confirm the previously known expressions of the $$ 1/{m}_b^3 $$
1
/

m
b
3

contributions to the semi-leptonic decay b → $$ {q}_1\mathrm{\ell}{\overline{\nu}}_{\mathrm{\ell}} $$

q
1

ℓ

ν
¯

ℓ

, with ℓ = e, μ, τ and of the $$ 1/{m}_b^2 $$
1
/

m
b
2

contributions to the non-leptonic modes. We find that this new term can give a sizeable correction of about −4 % to the non-leptonic decay width of a B meson. For Bd and Bs mesons this turns out to be the dominant correction to the free b-quark decay, while for the B+ meson the Darwin term gives the second most important correction — roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of the phase space enhanced Pauli interference contribution. Due to the tiny experimental uncertainties in lifetime measurements the incorporation of the Darwin term contribution is crucial for precision tests of the Standard Model.
Large p explorations. From SUGRA to big STRINGS in Mellin space
Authors: Aprile Francesco , Vieira Pedro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We explore a new way of probing scattering of closed strings in AdS5×S5, which we call ‘the large p limit’. It consists of studying four-point correlators of single-particle operators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM at large N and large ’t Hooft coupling λ, by looking at the regime in which the dual KK modes become short massive strings. In this regime the charge of the single-particle operators is order λ1/4 and the dual KK modes are in between fields and strings. Starting from SUGRA we compute the large p limit of the correlators by introducing an improved AdS5×S5 Mellin space amplitude, and we show that the correlator is dominated by a saddle point. Our results are consistent with the picture of four geodesics shooting from the boundary of AdS5×S5 towards a common bulk point, where they scatter as if they were in flat space. The Mandelstam invariants are put in correspondence with the Mellin variables and in turn with certain combinations of cross ratios. At the saddle point the dynamics of the correlator is directly related to the bulk Mellin amplitude, which in the process of taking large p becomes the flat space ten-dimensional S-matrix. We thus learn how to embed the full type IIB S-matrix in the AdS5×S5 Mellin amplitude, and how to stratify the latter in a large p expansion. We compute the large p limit of all genus zero data currently available, pointing out additional hidden simplicity of known results. We then show that the genus zero resummation at large p naturally leads to the Gross-Mende phase for the minimal area surface around the bulk point. At one-loop, we first uncover a novel and finite Mellin amplitude, and then we show that the large p limit beautifully asymptotes the gravitational S-matrix.
OsPPR939, a nad5 splicing factor, is essential for plant growth and pollen development in rice
Authors: Zheng Peng , Liu Yujun , Liu Xuejiao , Huang Yuqing , Sun Feng , Wang Wenyi , Chen Hao , Jan Mehmood , Zhang Cuicui , Yuan Yue , Tan Bao-Cai , Du Hao , Tu Jumin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKey messageP-subfamily PPR protein OsPPR939, which can be phosphorylated by OsS6K1, regulates plant growth and pollen development by involving in the splicing of mitochondrialnad5introns 1, 2, and 3.AbstractIn land plants, pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins play key roles in mitochondrial group II intron splicing, but how these nucleus-encoded proteins are imported into mitochondria is unknown. To date, a few PPR proteins have been characterized in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we demonstrate that the mitochondrion-localized P-subfamily PPR protein OsPPR939 is required for the splicing ofnad5introns 1, 2, and 3 in rice. Complete knockout or partial disruption of OsPPR939 function resulted in different degrees of growth retardation and pollen sterility. The dramatically reduced splicing efficiency of these introns inosppr939-4andosppr939-5led to reduced mitochondrial complex I abundance and activity and enhanced expression of alternative respiratory pathway genes. Complementation withOsPPR939rescued the defective plant morphology ofosppr939-4and restored its decreased splicing efficiency ofnad5introns 1, 2, and 3. Therefore, OsPPR939 plays crucial roles in plant growth and pollen development by splicing mitochondrialnad5introns 1, 2, and 3. More importantly, the 12th amino acid Ser in the N-terminal targeting sequence of OsPPR939 is phosphorylated by OsS6K1, and truncated OsPPR939 with a non-phosphorylatable S12A mutation in its presequence could not be imported into mitochondria, suggesting that phosphorylation of this amino acid plays an important role in the mitochondrial import of OsPPR939. To our knowledge, the 12th residue Ser on OsPPR939 is the first experimentally proven phosphorylation site in PPR proteins. Our results provide a basis for investigating the regulatory mechanism of PPR proteins at the post-translational level.