bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Analysis of Gradačac Clock Tower Aiming Towards Intervention in Preserving Authenticity
Authors: Čaušević Amir , Rustempašić Nerman , Akšamija Lemja , Avdić Dženis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Old masonry towers, in all their variety – be it a bell tower, a city tower, clock tower, inhabited residential towers, and/or guard/watchtowers – can be found all around the world representing typical urban centre feature, and in some cases –they are the countryside panorama landmark. Statics analysis and calculation are the first steps towards engineering interventions on cultural and historical heritage buildings. In the structural analysis of clock towers, the typical critical points and places where crucial damages that could lead to the collapse, are expected are in the top sections of the building - where the oscillation amplitude reaches its maximal value. Effect on building structure is observed concerning the oscillation frequency and building’s own frequency and energy, which can explain why minaret towers and high slim towers, in some cases, can better withstand earthquakes than extremely rigid buildings; given that the resonance, low-quality materials and other factors can lead to the vulnerability of a building structure. This type of building is designed on a simple, regular shape ground plan, or, in other words, the towers have a symmetrical ground plan and uniformly distributed mass and height. The second statement provides that, depending on building materials used and the cross-section dimensions, towers can be very heavy, which can cause the appearance of significant inertia forces during earthquake oscillations. If there’s mass eccentricity, the horizontal loads could tip the building over. Gradačac clock tower’s load-bearing structural walls are built with masonry stone blocks. The vertical loads are, via slabs and wooden beams, conducted to the walls and down to the foundations. Foundation structure consists of a slab, 80cm thick, positioned at -8.25m which sits on a well-compacted layer of soil. Wooden staircases are used for vertical transportation between storeys. Structural analysis calculation is based on a 3D model of a building and is performed by using the finite elements method (FEM) in Tower calculation software. The requirements for the authenticity in preservation actions imply that the interpretation and the presentation must correlate with basic authenticity principles, in compliance to Nara document (ICOMOS, 1994), protecting cultural values, from both – the hazardous influences of intrusive infrastructure and load of visitors, and incorrect and inappropriate interpretations.
Some Aspects of Anthropotechnical Safety Management Concept
Authors: Kazaryan Ruben 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The basic model of management and planning strategy is the triad: “goals and objectives” - “conceptual programs, courses of action and sets of rules for decision-making” - “resources”. The strategy is also considered as the unity of five components (“pentad”): plan; sample, model, template; positioning; perspective; “trick”, i.e. a distracting manoeuvre. There are different manners of developing strategies and concepts: upon the fact of a pathogenically detected and already occurred problematic emergency; as a result of predicting the possibility of an emergency before its occurrence and with a desire to guarantee the anthropotechnical safety of functioning and the quality of life of a person, social groups and society as a whole. The destabilizing factors that arise in investment construction projects during the construction phase are of particular importance. The questionnaire-based survey of experts is used to determine these factors, their impact on the ultimate goals of the project that construction participants may encounter when implementing investment construction projects. Distribution of destabilizing factors by type, classification, and spreading them among a number of local public and private enterprises working in the construction sector is one of the important areas of anthropotechnical safety. Actions and resources, which seem safe at the moment, can cause emergencies and consequences in their unpredictable combinations. The study of this problem is an urgent task of the near future and one of the fundamental areas of anthropotechnics.
Study Regarding the Possibility of Use the Alternative High Efficiency Systems for Increasing Energy Performance in Suburban Areas
Authors: Girbaciu Alina , Girbaciu Cristian , Dumitru Petre-Pavel , Marinela Lucut 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Energy efficiency is often characterized as the most valuable form of energy, since it reduces costs and the negative impact on the environment associated with energy consumption, but also the dependence on energy imports. The highest potential for increasing energy efficiency in Romania is found in the heating of buildings, in the transformation of primary energy resources into electricity. In Romania, 86% of the built area is represented by residential buildings. From the 8.1 million housing units, single-family homes are dominant, accounting for 61% of these. The article aims to highlight the importance of investments in rural areas in order to increase energy efficiency. The energy from renewable sources is not adequately considered in the rural development programming exercise. The energy efficiency measures provide medium-term gain opportunities and long, by promoting saving solutions by reducing production and consumption costs, reducing the environmental impact and at the same time ensuring the promotion of economic and social development. The results of this study show the possibility of developing the “what-if” analysis, which can help the decision makers to choose the best adaptation strategy. In order to be able to make the best investment decisions in equipment and choose the right energy sources, consumers need access to the alternative energy sources (especially in rural areas) and quality information on the options they have and to financing opportunities. Soon, it will be necessary to support the cogeneration systems based on biomass and biogas in semi-urban areas, with the centralized distribution of the thermal agent.
Building Problems in Architectonic Heritage and Geotourism: Is there a Connection?
Authors: Rosendahl Stefan , Gonçalves Marta Marçal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Architectonic heritage buildings attract millions of tourists for many reasons: their beauty, history, style, art, location, and so on. Presently, this list is being supplemented by the touristic exploration of the construction material, with particular emphasis on the natural stones. This material is the aim of urban geotourism because it can give precious information about its age, origin, paleo-environment, as well as its provenience, way of exploitation, transport, treatment and finally degradation by weathering, among others. Therefore, the study of the construction stones of heritage buildings constitutes a complement to the “classical” cultural items which are shown and presented during a visit. A particular segment in geotouristic activities may be the presentation of building problems to the visitors. There are many examples in this field, like moisture or cracks in the walls, unusual solutions in construction, disintegration of stones, and so on. These problems can have various causes: the capillary rise of groundwater in a wall, the lack of construction material, the heterogeneous composition of the substrate, the seismic activity, the weathering of material, to name but a few. For a visitor interested in science and technology, the knowledge of the problems, their origin and their solution (or, at least, the attempt of their solution) may be an unforgettable experience. The purpose of the work is to open a new point of view to architectonic heritage and its building problems, which can be used and explained in touristic activities. For this, mainly qualitative non-interventionist and participatory methodologies are applied. As a result, there will be the situation that the damage in one part leads to a profit in the other. This ambiguity may be resolved by considering that better knowledge about the state of the heritage building, which is made accessible to a larger public, will contribute to its preservation. So, the main conclusion is that geotourism applied to architectonic heritage and its problems is an important support to its maintenance because of the dissemination of the knowledge of what may happen with the construction material. Likewise, the knowledge acquired during a geotouristic visit may help to avoid similar problems in other buildings.
Evaluation of the influence of brown coal operation on the landscape shaping and the environment protection
Authors: Opania Szymon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article concerns the assessment of the new landscape and spatial effects of brown coal mining areas transformation of in the region of the Lower Lusatia in eastern Germany, in the context of the region’s changes taking place after Internationale Bauausstellung (IBA) Fürst-Pückler-Land 2000-2010. IBA Fürst-Pückler-Land functioned in 2000-2010 as the institution responsible for determining the direction of the transformation of Lower Lusatia. A region dominated by the brown coal mining industry, with a declining population and an unimaginably degraded landscape. The assessment, from the perspective of 20 years from the commenced process, raises research questions: in what part the assumed strategic goals were met, one of which was a development towards industrial heritage tourism and is the process initiated earlier perhaps still ongoing? The research method involved the use of planning tools such as: graphic interpretation of the resources of Geoportal.de and Google Earth Pro, analysis of data provided by: Lausitzer and Mitteldeutsche Bergbau-Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH (LMBV) and research trips in the years 2006-2019. Conclusions from the research are formulated through the prism of the European Landscape Convention [1], in which the postulate of treating landscape as an integrated term, consisting not only of natural and cultural elements but also human, is important. This approach provides the basis for establishing the rightness of transformations of post-industrial landscapes in the “pro-tourist” directions ensuring the connectivity of all elements using initiatives in the field of “industrial heritage tourism”. In situ studies have shown that the transformation process has not been completed and is still ongoing, and the assumed effects are still far from expected. Tourism of industrial heritage may be an interesting “combination” of industrial areas in the European service economy. However, given the scale of the impact of the energy industry and its importance for the development of the whole country, its impact on regional restructuring may be limited. At present, care for the environment and its repair are more important in the context of improving living conditions along with the implementation of the postulates of using alternative energy sources. And modern use of the industrial heritage for other economic activities than just tourism can be an important alternative for the development of the region.
Constructions for the Protection of Underground Water against Pollution, in Warehouse Deposit Areas
Authors: Tudor Magda Clara , Grozav Adia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Groundwater pollution can occur from the emission of a pollutant through the soil, which then interacts at biotic and abiotic levels entering the food chain and reaching directly or indirectly to humans. Such a pollutant can be represented by the deposition of household residues. The water infiltrated by these deposits and then by their sole and flanks is an important source of pollution of groundwater with the most serious effects. By virtue of this concept, for the protection of the groundwater in the area of household waste deposits, it is proposed to adopt a “clean technology” for the implementation of complex deposition improvements, which will prevent the appearance of pollutants, initially in the most important urban areas, and for the future generalization of these improvements in other localities. The essential elements of this complex arrangement of household waste depots refer to: the sealing system of the base layer which integrates a safety gallery from which checks and repairs are made; deep sealing walls that do not allow the circulation of the groundwater located below the deposit site so that in case of infiltration of some polluting substances in this area, their area of influence is limited; the sealing system that limits the flow of water infiltrating through the deposits and avoids air pollution with substances resulting from the anaerobic decomposition of household waste. Above the combined sealing system, it realizes a system of streams of granular material of φ 16-32 mm, casts the distance of about 20 m, to capture the infiltration water and to conduct it by gravitational flow spreading collector. For this purpose, the streams will have a minimum slope of 1%.
Mixed Finite Element Method for Geometrically Nonlinear Buckling Analysis of Truss with Member Length Imperfection
Authors: Bich Quyen Vu Thi , Tien Dao Ngoc , Lan Huong Nguyen Thi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on the numerical method for the geometrically nonlinear buckling analysis of truss with initial member length imperfection. The solution of nonlinear buckling problem of truss with imperfection using a displacement-based finite element is dependent on the imperfection implemented. Generally, the operation of incorporating the initial imperfection to the master stiffness equation develops by master-slave elimination method, penalty augmentation method or Lagrange multiplier adjunction methods. Obviously, the initial imperfection considerably increases the difficulty in finite element formulation nonlinear buckling problem. This research proposes a novel approach to formulate the nonlinear buckling problem of truss with imperfection using mixed finite element method. The mixed balanced equation of truss is formulated using the principle of stationary potential energy. The paper presents novel mixed finite truss element, including initial member length imperfection, considering large displacement. Using the arc length technique, the research develops a new incremental-iterative algorithm for solving the nonlinear buckling problem of truss with initial imperfection in different cases of model formulation, including displacement-based finite element and mixed finite element formulation. The numerical test is presented to investigate the equilibrium path for plan truss with initial member length imperfection. The calculation results in solving problem formulated in both displacement and mixed finite model are converged showing the efficiency and reliability of the proposed method.
Treatment of Nonlinear Multi Freedom Boundary Constraints in Finite Element Analysis of Frame System using Lagrange Multiplier Method
Authors: Bich Quyen Vu Thi , Tien Dao Ngoc , Lan Huong Nguyen Thi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the treatment of nonlinear multi-freedom and multi-point boundary condition in finite element analysis of frame system. The treatment of boundary constraints is required to produce modified system of equation based on master stiffness equations considering nonlinear multi freedom constraints. The nonlinear constraints considerably increases the difficulty in constructing and solving the modified system of equations. Generally, the operation of imposing multi-freedom constraints can be developed using master-slave elimination, penalty augmentation or Lagrange multiplier adjunction methods. The master-slave method is useful only for simple cases but exhibits serious shortcomings for treating arbitrary constraints. The penalty method has difficulty in selecting appropriate weight values that balance solution accuracy with the violation of constraint conditions. In present work the Lagrange multiplier adjunction methods is employed and endowed with possibility of substitution and works particularly well for nonlinear constraints. The incremental-iterative algorithm based on Crisfield arc-length method is proposed to solve the nonlinear modified system of equation. Based on the presented algorithm, the paper proposed calculation procedure and established programs for determining internal forces and displacements of frames having nonlinear multi-freedom constrains condition. The numerical test examples are presented to investigate load-displacement and load-internal relationship of system having nonlinear multi freedom constraints. The calculation results show the efficiency and convergence of proposed algorithm.
Influence of Graphite Oxide Addition on the Properties of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Composites
Authors: Záleská Martina , Pivák Adam , Pavlíková Milena , Jankovský Ondřej , Pavlík Zbyšek 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) is as an eco-friendly construction material used in industrial as well as in residential applications thanks to its better performance in comparison with Portland cement (PC) considered. Magnesium oxychloride cement composites formed during the reaction between light-burned magnesium oxide powder and magnesium chloride solution, belong to non-hydraulic materials and offer the advantage of high early strength and low porosity. These performances could, however, be further improved by incorporating of selected nanomaterials. This paper therefore presents an experimental investigation of magnesium oxychloride cement paste with graphite oxide admixture. The chemical composition of raw light-burned magnesium oxide powder was analysed by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and the morphology of graphite oxide was characterised using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). Graphite oxide (GO) was added into the mixture in a concentration of 0.5 wt. %. Subsequently, the influence of GO on the properties of hardened MOC paste was analysed in terms of its bulk density, specific density, open porosity and compressive and flexural strength measurement. The characterisation of studied pastes using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was done as well. It was found that the presence of GO significantly enhanced the flexural strength, decreased the open porosity and slightly improved the compressive strength compared to the plain MOC paste. The obtained results suggest that with the addition of graphite oxide to magnesium oxychloride cement, MOC-based nanocomposites intended for civil engineering can be developed. These are characterised by high strength and low porosity, which is particularly important for reduction of moisture related damage.
The Modernist Residential Buildings of Lodz - Tenement Houses
Authors: Przewłocka-Sionek Renata 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the history of city construction, the process of previously existing buildings has always taken place. Buildings were always adjusted to the changing utility, as well as technical needs. Inner-city tenement houses erected in the years 1918-1938 became the topic of this article. The residential buildings of Lodz which appeared during the interwar period are still relatively well preserved. These objects are strongly rooted in the city’s current landscape. The images of these buildings are dependent on the awareness and aesthetic sense of their current owners and residents. The discussed structures crystallize the city’s space and builds its identity. The author attempts to show, through particular examples, the changes which are taking place, as well as their influence on their surroundings; she tries to zoom in on their current function and appearance. This paper constitutes a type of a report from own research, based on information collected during filed studies and analyzing available literature.
Storm-water Management in Industrial Areas in Built-Up Area and Non-Built-Up Areas of Localities
Authors: Cotoarba Liliana , Florescu Cosntantin , Badaluta Codruţa , Visescu Mircea 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The theme of the paper is managing the storm-waters of industrial areas located in built-up and non-built-up areas of localities. In order to better administer the storm-water in localities, it is necessary to have a study on water management of these rainfall waters, in which a plan of implementing it will be included. Until the implementation of these studies, the water management of rainfall waters in the industrial areas will be carried out independently, but which must consider the solutions provided for it, in the study for each locality. The storm-water sewerage system for industrial areas must consider: the location of the objective towards the locality, the nature of the land, the existing sewage system of the locality, the existence of water courses and the drains in the studied area. The most optimal technical solutions for the collection, storage, treatment and disposal/use of meteoric waters from industrial zone premises shall be analyzed.