bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Calamansi) Citrofortunella Microcarpa Rind Extract As Plant Derived Green Corrosion Inhibitor For Mild Steel In 1.0M Hcl
Authors: Arguelles Gian Carlo E. , Torres Mark Ceazar D. , Wu Brian James U. , Olay Jerry G. , Ong Renato C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe inhibitive action of extracts fromCitrofortunella microcarpa(Calamansi) peels on mild steel in 1.0M HCl solution has been studied using the weight-loss method, electrochemical method, and SEM-EDX analysis. The measurements showed that calamansi peels have good inhibition properties. Weight loss results suggest that inhibitive efficiency increases as the concentration increases. It was also found that the adsorption stabilizes at 72 hours and degrades at longer immersion times. SEM studies of the immersed mild steel showed the decreasing extent of corrosion attack on mild steel at an increasing ratio of inhibitor, while EDX analysis shows the reduction of the formation of corrosion products, suggesting the formation of inhibitor film on the mild steel surface. The Calamansi peel extract inhibitor obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and the mode of adsorption was found to be physical and spontaneous. The results of the electrolysis technique have shown the favoring of inhibition in cathodic reactions.
Synthesis of precipitated silica from bagasse ash as reinforcing filler in rubber
Authors: Sholeh M , Rochmadi R , Sulistyo H , Budhijanto B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Bagasse ash as waste material from the sugarcane industry is causing disposal problems. This paper study on the use of silica from bagasse ash as reinforcing filler in rubber. Precipitated silica was obtained from bagasse ash through a sol precipitation method. Process parameters such as time of addition of secondary sodium silicate, pH and temperature, were studied. The synthesized silica was characterized by XRF, XRD, and PSA. XRF and XRD test results showed that the precipitated silica contained 4.9% of alumina and had an amorphous structure, respectively. PSA result showed that the synthesized precipitated silica and a commercial reinforcing filler had a comparable aggregate/agglomerate size distribution after 10 minutes sonication. The yield of silica recovered from bagasse ash was found to vary between 41.7% and 58.2%.
Preparation and Properties of Phase Change Material by Microencapsulation of Lauric Acid for Thermal Regulation
Authors: Gecain M K , De Leon R L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Lauric acid, the phase change material (PCM) in this study, is encapsulated in a silica shell using a modified sol-gel method. Encapsulation was done at varying pH, mixing ratio, drying temperature and drying time. Analysis of variance revealed that all these parameters and their interactions affect the PCM yield and encapsulation ratio. FT-IR and DSC Analysis showed that the microencapsulated PCM (μPCM) formed using 1:1:2 mixing ratio of Tetraethyl orthosilicate: Ethanol: Water, with pH ∼1.92 and drying condition of 100°C for 7hr had a latent heat of fusion (207.65 J/g) similar to that of pure PCM with latent heat of fusion of 212.47 J/g ). SEM Analysis and DSC were utilized to confirm the efficiency of encapsulation of PCM. The glass sheet with μPCM and binder was found to have a latent heat of 182.14 J/g and a thermal conductivity of 0.0537 W/mK. The glass with silica microencapsulated lauric acid exhibited potential application for energy conservation.
Synthesis and Modification of Metal Nanoparticles by Plasma over an Aqueous Solution under Pressurized Argon
Authors: Wahyudiono  , Kondo Hiroki , Yamada Motoki , Takada Noriharu , Machmudah Siti , Kanda Hideki , Goto Motonobu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Metal−based nanoparticles have been used in diverse industrial applications owing to their physicochemical properties. Here, the electric field produced by pulsed high−voltage discharge plasma over an aqueous solution surface that was generated under high−pressure argon environment would be employed to synthesis and to modify metal materials. The plasma reactor was made of stainless steel and contained two sapphire windows to monitor the plasma performance. The experiments were conducted at room temperature (25 − 28 °C) with argon environment at a pressure of 3.0 MPa and the DC power supply at 18.6 kV was introduced into the reactor through the electrode to generate pulse electrical discharge plasma. The metal rod electrode which was used as a material source for nanoparticles generation was placed over an aqueous solution containing glycine, as carbon source, to introduce electrical discharge plasma. The scanning transmission electron microscopy which was equipped with energy dispersion spectroscopy (STEM coupled with EDS) indicated that titanium dioxide and iron oxide with and without carbon covered were successfully produced in nano−scale (<100 nm).
MnO2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Alternating Monopolar Arrangement Electrolysis and Their Electrochemical Performances
Authors: Widiyastuti  , Setyawan Heru , Rois Mahardika F. , Purwaningsih Hariyati , Nurlilasari Puspita 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Manganese dioxide nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by the electrolysis method using 4-pairs carbon electrode in the alternating monopolar arrangement. The advantage of the arrangement is a significant increase in the product yield compared to the single pair electrodes. KMnO4 solution in pH 0.2 and 9 were used as precursor and electrolyzed for thirty minutes at a temperature of 60 °C. The generated particles resulted from electrolysis in pH 0.2 (MnO2-A) and in pH 9 (MnO2-B) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms to examine their crystallinity, morphology, and the specific surface area. The α-MnO2 was observed for MnO2-A particles and amorphous for MnO2-B particles. The particles size of MnO2-A was larger than that of MnO2-B with the specific surface areas of 396 and 98 m2/g, respectively. The higher surface area of MnO2-A corresponding to the channel pore of short rod-like morphology. On the other hand, MnO2-B contributed to the spherical particles. The measurements of cyclic voltammetry (CV) were also carried out to measure their specific capacitances and their performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst. MnO2-A exhibited higher specific capacitance of 13.57 F/g compared to MnO2-B that only had 3.62 F/g. In addition, MnO2-A also gave better performance as ORR electrocatalyst measured in O2-saturated 0.6 M KOH resulted in 2.69 transferred electron number per oxygen molecule.
Unravelling the Swelling Behaviour and Antibacterial Activity of Palm Cellulose Nanofiber-based Metallic Nanocomposites
Authors: Supramaniam Janarthanan , Kiat Wong See , Fen Leo Bey , Teng Hern Tan Loh , Hing Goh Bey , Ying Tang Siah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The development of functional antimicrobial metal oxide nanocomposite systems based on nanocellulose has been the subject of extensive research in recent years. In addition to its sustainability, biodegradability and non-toxic properties, nanocelullose present an extremely high surface area favoring the selective growth and immobilization of ultrafine metal oxide nanoparticles on the cellulosic surface. In this study, oil palm biomass-derived cellulose nanofiber (CNF) decorated with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites were produced via ultrasound-assisted in situ co-precipitation approach. The morphology and chemical composition of the as-synthesized ZnO/CNF composites were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR). FE-SEM images revealed the fibrous morphology of nanocomposites with a good distribution of ZnO NPs. The FT-IR analysis confirmed a strong interaction between surface functional groups of CNF and ZnO nanoparticles. The swelling behavior of composites was found to be improved with addition of ZnO nanoparticles in the CNF matrix. The hybrid ZnO-CNF exhibited pronounced antibacterial properties against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The findings of present study support the possibility of using this palm CNF-based metallic nanocomposites as nanofillers for wound care application.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Using Different Experimental Methods
Authors: Mahmud Nafis , Nasser Mustafa S. , El-Naas Muftah H. , Ba-Abbad Muneer M. , Wahab Mohammad Abdul , Mansour Said , Benamor Abdelbaki 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper reports a comparative study on the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles using three different methods, namely; Co-precipitation, Sonochemical and Solvothermal methods. Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) and Ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2.4H2O) were used as the iron precursor for the Co-precipitation method; while, Ferrous sulphate Heptahydrate (FeCl2.7H2O) and Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) were used as the iron precursor for sonochemical and solvothermal synthesis methods, respectively. The effect of the experimental methods and the precursors used on the shape and size of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were investigated using different characterization techniques. The chemical characterization of the samples were carried out using EDX. The size of the nanoparticles were determined using particle size analyzer. The SEM and TEM images were used study to the surface morphology of the produced nanoparticles. Finally, TGA was used to study the thermal stability of the prepared iron oxide nanoparticles.
The Numerical Estimation of Mass Transfer Coefficient of Oxygen in the Large-Scale Suspension Culture of iPS Cells
Authors: Isobe R , Kanemaru Y , Sekimoto A , Okano Y , Kino-Oka M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In order to practically apply induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to regenerative medicine, a large amount of undifferentiated iPS cells should be produced by using an automated/scaled-up suspension culture system. However, in large-scale culture, oxygen supply to iPS cells away from the gas-liquid interface can be insufficient. In this numerical study, the oxygen supply performance is quantitatively evaluated by estimating the volumetric mass transfer coefficient of oxygen in the suspension culture of iPS cells. And, focusing on shaking culture, where shear stress that causes death or differentiation of iPS cells is relatively reduced, we compare two different shaking methods: one direction rotation (ODR) and periodic alternate rotation (PAR). The validity of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient calculation is confirmed by comparison with the experiment. The PAR method is superior to the ODR method in terms of oxygen supply because of higher turbulence intensities, but it is much less energy efficient than the ODR method. In the ODR method, the cell size is thought to be non-uniform since iPS cells are aggregated due to cell sedimentation. On the other hand, in the PAR method, cell sedimentation is suppressed by controlling the Froude number (Fr).
Biopolymeric encapsulation of probiotics for improved release properties in the gastrointestinal digestion system
Authors: Mohammad N A , Zaidel D N A , Muhamad I I , Hamid M A , Yaakob H , Jusoh Y M M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Encapsulation of probiotics in the biopolymeric system is an excellent technique to enhance the protective effect, prolong the shelf life and deliver the probiotics in the human gastrointestinal tract at a specific time. Probiotics are usually loaded in a biopolymeric system or the food itself as a natural carrier for food applications. Probiotics are well-known for a healthy intestinal tract and digestibility of nutrients. The fate and viability of these bacteria in the digestion system are explored through in vitro evaluations. Probiotics encapsulated with natural biopolymers such as alginate, chitosan, gelatine, whey protein are found to improve their release properties in either emulsion or hydrogel system. This review emphasized on the release properties of encapsulated probiotics loaded with biopolymers using different dispersion methods including emulsification, suspension, extrusion, and drying. Biodegradable polymers or the food itself could be a potential protective agent and promote the controlled-release properties of probiotics.
Characterization of chitosan from extracted fungal biomass for piezoelectric application
Authors: Ahmad F. B. , Maziati Akmal M. H. , Amran A. , Hasni M. H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Conventional piezoelectric materials from piezoceramic and polymer are non-renewable and could be toxic in nature, which limit its application in biomedical application. Chitosan, which is a natural polysaccharide, has the potential to be used as piezoelectric biomaterial which may provide the solution for toxicity, non-biodegradability and non-biocompatibility issues of conventional piezoelectric materials. Chitosan may be produced sustainably through extraction from fungal cell walls. This study aims to characterize chitosan extracted from fungi Aspergillus oryzae for piezoelectric application. A. oryzae was cultivated on modified Sabouraud dextrose broth medium. Alkaline treatment was performed on fungal biomass using 1 M NaOH for extraction and deacetylation of chitosan at 100 °C for 1 hour. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the broad absorption band that corresponds to hydrogen bonded O-H stretching vibrations overlapped with N-H stretching band. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the semicrystalline nature of the chitosan sample. Piezoelectric properties can be attributed to intrinsic molecular polarization arising from the noncentrosymmetric crystal structure.
Determination of Diffusion Coefficients and Antioxidant Activities of Ascorbic Acid in Guava Juice using Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Ang K. B. A. , Lee C. M. , Yu H. M. O. , Uy M. , Soriano A. N. , Dugos N. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAscorbic acid is the most abundant antioxidant present in guava (PsidiumguajavaL.). There had only been few studies concerning the determination of diffusion coefficient and antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid in guava juice using cyclic voltammetry specifically at varying temperatures. Thus, this study on the effect of temperature on diffusion coefficient and antioxidant activity on ascorbic acid found in guava was done using cyclic voltammetry. The temperatures tested were at 15°C, 25°C, 36°C, and 45°C. Electrodes used in the experiment were glassy carbon as the working electrode, platinum wire as the counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl electrode as the reference electrode. The results showed that the peak currents of ascorbic acid in guava juice at 15°C, 25°C, 36°C, and 45°C were -0.5720, -0.5380, -0.5000, and -0.4760 μA, respectively. The diffusion coefficients of the ascorbic acid were obtained using the Randles-Sevcik equation at all given temperatures and the values were 2.1489 x10−5, 2.1711 x10−5, 2.2070 x10−5, and 2.2250 x10−5cm2/s, respectively. The antioxidant activities, in terms of concentration, at the said temperatures were found to be 0.3374, 0.3212, 0.3015, and 0.2899 mM, respectively. It is concluded that at higher temperature, ascorbic acid in guava juice has a higher diffusion coefficient but lower antioxidant activity. The present results can be used by other researchers doing similar work on fate and transport of the studied system.
Bioethanol production from microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
Authors: Tatel N J , Madrazo C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the performance of a microalgal feedstock Chlorella sorokiniana in bioethanol production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The major limiting factor of SSF is the compensation between optimum hydrolysis and fermentation parameters. Using a central composite design (CCD), three parameters were optimized: biomass concentration, temperature, and pH. For each run, the enzyme mixture (cellulase and amylase) was fixed at 25 g/L, fermentation time at 72 hrs, and inoculum size of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 20% (v/v). The freeze-dried biomass is simultaneously mixed with the enzyme mixture and the inoculum and placed inside an incubator shaker. The microalgal biomass is found to contain 58.78% total reducing sugars (TRS). Highest ethanol yield obtained is 0.504 g ethanol/g glucose. Using CCD helps navigate the design space and bioprocess.
Evaluation of different carbonate sources for bicarbonate-based integrated carbon capture and algae production system using Spirulina platensis
Authors: Batac C C , Gathercole N S , Maravilla A F , Beltran A B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Spirulina Platensis was evaluated in Bicarbonate-based Integrated Carbon Capture and Algae Production System (BICCAPS) using Modified Zarrouk’s media under three different carbonate solutions, namely, sodium, potassium and an equimolar mixture of sodium-potassium carbonate, as well as a control experiment consisting of only water. All systems mentioned were exposed to carbon dioxide loading in order to produce bicarbonate solutions to be used for cultivation of Spirulina Platensis under BICCAPS. Parameters such as pH, biomass productivity, and carbon conversion were analyzed to evaluate the effectivity of BICCAPS as a carbon sequestration technique given the conditions applied in the study. Results determined that the control system produced the highest biomass productivity of 10.42 mg L−1 day−1 despite having the lowest carbon conversion of 0.292 mM due to the limited amount of bicarbonates initially present. The sodium-potassium carbonate system then follows the control experiment, having a productivity of 7.37 mg L−1 day−1 and carbon conversion of 4.192 mM. Sodium carbonate system ranks third with productivity and carbon conversion of 6.56 mg L−1 day−1 and 2.682 mM. Lastly, potassium carbonate system was determined to have the lowest productivity of 4.48 mg −1 day−1 as well as a relatively low carbon conversion of 0.996 mM.
Role of Operator Training Simulator (OTS) in Capability Building towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
Authors: Hasnor Hassaruddin Hashim A. , Noorhidayah Hussein B. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The manufacturing industry is now shifting towards Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0), in which digitization of manufacturing industry has led the industry towards autonomous system driven by big data as well as machine learning. Despite shifting towards fully automated systems, human intervention is required every now and then especially during unforeseen circumstances. Hence the capability building of the plant personnel as well as technical specialist is inevitable, especially when related to plant safety. The use of Operator Training Simulator (OTS) has been in the industry for quite some time for plant personnel capability development. OTS is a system which combines chemical engineering design and knowledge (embedded in a dynamics simulation model) and process control and safety instrumented system (embedded in Distributed Control System (DCS) database), which can be used for plant personnel’s capability development which serves as the Digital Plant. The usage of OTS system is a new way of learning with the realistic feeling of operating the real plant via the Digital Plant without endangering the plant and personnel. By using OTS system, the plant personnel will be able to understand the process control system installed in the plant as well as process interaction between units in the plant since the Digital Plant was developed as close as the real plant to provide the near-real operation experiences. The OTS system is equipped with many functionalities such as malfunction tests, scenario tests, etc. to assess the plant personnel capability in handling unforeseen circumstances such as critical equipment failures and abnormal plant operation. The system also provides capability assessment for each personnel involves in the training which can be used to evaluate the personnel technical and operating capability, and to re-evaluate the steps taken during the training to improve teaching and learning approaches. By integrating chemical engineering knowledge, plant safety instrumented system and capability development program, OTS system will be able to bring capability development program towards achieving safe and reliable IR 4.0. implementation.
Recovery of Gold from Pregnant Thiourea Leaching Solution by Synergistic Extraction
Authors: Jumain Jalil Mohd , Halimi Mohd Azam Zaki Haris , Suhada Azmi Intan , Aminuddin Ahmad Zulkifli Ariff , Hazim Abu Bakar Muhammad , Bin Mohd Rashid Anas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Aim of this research is to investigate the ability of synergist system of D2EHPA-isodecanol to recover gold from thiourea leaching solution. Synergistic extraction was introduced to replace single extraction due to enhance the extraction efficiency of heavy metal such as gold, silver copper and etc. In order to improve extraction efficiency, di-(2ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was mixed with isodecanol to provide synergistic effect together with leaching solution which thiourea. From the synergist extraction system. The optimum pH is at 2.5 which in acidic range producing the highest yield of %E of 94.6%. It was found that synergistic D2EHPA-isodecanol extraction is successful as it yield %E of 99.4% if the ratio aqueous: organic is set to 1:2.
Overcome the equilibrium limitation in para-Xylene production by using reactive distillation method
Authors: Phu Nguyen Quy , Trung Nguyen Kim , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Tetsuo Fuchino 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To overcome the equilibrium limitation of liquid phase-Xylene isomerization in maximum para-Xylene (PX) yield at 24% molar is a significant objective in either academics or industrial application, regarding the importance of PX in various polyester productions. In this study, integration of reaction and extractive distillation into a reactive distillation column (RDC) is proposed as a solution for the enhancement of PX yield. The desired product is simultaneously generated and purified in the only equipment so the conversion could be forward shifted to overcome equilibrium limitation in Xylene isomerization. Obstacles relating to the close boiling points of xylenes are alleviated by an inert solvent introduced into the system to facilitate the separation of xylene isomers. The flowsheet which is configured by a reactive distillation column and a recovery column manifests advantages of the method for para-Xylene production. The highest PX yield can be obtained up to 37% molar, while other cases result in the yield of p-Xylene higher than 25% molar. The effect of design parameters, including the number of stages in reactive-, rectifying- and stripping sections on process performance, is carefully examined to study the behavior of the RDC and system.
Pseudo-homogeneous Kinetic Evaluation for in-situ Epoxidation of Oleic Acid
Authors: Retno Sawitri Dyah , Mulyono Panut , Rochmadi  , Budiman Arief 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Epoxidation of unsaturated fatty materials is useful route to synthesize valuable material especially bio-based polymers. Oleic acid (OA, iodine value of 90 gram I2/100 gram) is the most common unsaturated fatty material that can be found in vegetable oils or animal fats. Epoxidation of oleic acid with peracetic acid generated in-situ has been performed in batch system. Kinetic evaluation was conducted by varying the reaction temperature from 40 to 70 °C under constant value of stirring speed, H2O2:OA molar ratio, acetic acid:OA molar ratio, and catalyst concentration. Double bond conversion, oxirane yield, and selectivity of oxirane has been evaluated. The result shows that the degree of side reaction (ie: ring opening) is high in temperature of 60 and 70 °C. Pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model is well fitted in 40 and 50 °C but it gives significant deviation in 60 and 70 °C. The activation energy of oleic acid epoxidation has been found to be 62.2 kJ/mol.