bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate assessment of functional abilities in pre‐schoolers for diagnostic and funding purposes: A comparison of the Vineland‐3 and the PEDI‐CAT
Authors: Milne Susan , Campbell Lisa , Cottier Carolyn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimAssessment of functional abilities is an essential component in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders in young children. Functional abilities, assessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory‐Computer Adapted Test (PEDI‐CAT), are used to determine eligibility for early intervention funded under the National Disability Insurance Scheme in Australia (NDIS). This study aims to compare the use of the PEDI‐CAT with the Vineland‐3, a comprehensive parent interview for the determination of support needs, diagnosis, and eligibility for funding.MethodSeventy‐five preschool aged children referred for formal diagnosis were assessed with the Vineland‐3, and subscale scores reviewed for clinical judgement. These children were also assessed on the PEDI‐CAT speedy version and the results on the two tests compared.ResultsThe PEDI‐CAT was less sensitive than the Vineland‐3 to the functional difficulties being experienced in this population of preschool aged children. The Vineland‐3 had floor effects on some scales and deficits masked by skills in other areas in the same domain, but standard subscale scores allowed skills and areas needing support to be defined. Overall 25% of children clinically in need of support were not identified on the Pedi‐cat compared to only 4% using Vineland Domain scores and 3% using Vineland‐3 subscale scores. The PEDI‐CAT also identified significantly lower levels of support required with only 32% of children found to need very substantial support compared to 40% of children on the Vineland Domain scores, and 59% using subscale scores.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, the Vineland‐3 comprehensive interview interpreted using subscale scores as well as domain scores is more sensitive than the PEDI‐CAT in identifying young children in need of support as well as the areas and degree of support required.
High‐quality genome‐scale metabolic modelling of Pseudomonas putida highlights its broad metabolic capabilities
Authors: Nogales Juan , Mueller Joshua , Gudmundsson Steinn , Canalejo Francisco J. , Duque Estrella , Monk Jonathan , Feist Adam M. , Ramos Juan Luis , Niu Wei , Palsson Bernhard O. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryGenome‐scale reconstructions of metabolism are computational species‐specific knowledge bases able to compute systemic metabolic properties. We present a comprehensive and validated reconstruction of the biotechnologically relevant bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440 that greatly expands computable predictions of its metabolic states. The reconstruction represents a significant reactome expansion over available reconstructed bacterial metabolic networks. Specifically, iJN1462 (i) incorporates several hundred additional genes and associated reactions resulting in new predictive capabilities, including new nutrients supporting growth; (ii) was validated by in vivo growth screens that included previously untested carbon (48) and nitrogen (41) sources; (iii) yielded gene essentiality predictions showing large accuracy when compared with a knock‐out library and Bar‐seq data; and (iv) allowed mapping of its network to 82 P. putida sequenced strains revealing functional core that reflect the large metabolic versatility of this species, including aromatic compounds derived from lignin. Thus, this study provides a thoroughly updated metabolic reconstruction and new computable phenotypes for P. putida, which can be leveraged as a first step toward understanding the pan metabolic capabilities of Pseudomonas.
Sequence, structure and function‐based classification of the broadly conserved FAH superfamily reveals two distinct fumarylpyruvate hydrolase subfamilies
Authors: Hong Hwaseok , Seo Hogyun , Park Woojin , Kim Kyung‐Jin 
Published: October 2019

SummaryFumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) superfamily proteins are found ubiquitously in microbial pathways involved in the catabolism of aromatic substances. Although extensive bioinformatic data on these proteins have been acquired, confusion caused by problems with the annotation of these proteins hinders research into determining their physiological functions. Here we classify 606 FAH superfamily proteins using a maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree, comparative gene‐neighbourhood patterns and in vitro enzyme assays. The FAH superfamily proteins used for the analyses are divided into five distinct subfamilies, and two of them, FPH‐A and FPH‐B, contain the majority of the proteins of undefined function. These subfamilies include clusters designated FPH‐I and FPH‐II, respectively, which include two distinct types of fumarylpyruvate hydrolase (FPH), an enzyme involved in the final step of the gentisate pathway. We determined the crystal structures of these FPH enzymes at 2.0 Å resolutions and investigate the substrate binding mode by which these types of enzymes can accommodate fumarylpyruvate as a substrate. Consequentially, we identify the molecular signatures of the two types of FPH enzymes among the broadly conserved FAH superfamily proteins. Our studies allowed us to predict the relationship of unknown FAH superfamily proteins using their sequence information.
Animals, veterinarians and the sociology of diagnosis
Authors: Hobson‐West Pru , Jutel Annemarie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile sociologists of medicine have focused their efforts on understanding human health, illness, and medicine, veterinary medical practice has not yet caught their attention in any sustained way. In this critical review article, we use insights from the sociology of diagnosis literature to explore veterinary practice, and aim to demonstrate the importance of animals to sociological understandings of health, illness and disease. As in human medicine, our analysis shows the importance of diagnosis in creating and maintaining the power and authority of the veterinary professional. However, we then explore how diagnosis operates as a kind of dance, where professional authority can be challenged, particularly in light of the complex ethical responsibilities and clinical interactions that result from the triad of professional/owner/animal patient. Finally, we consider diagnosis via the precept of entanglement, and raise the intriguing possibility of interspecies health relations, whereby decision‐making in human health care may be influenced by experiences in animal health care and vice‐versa. In our conclusion, we argue that this analysis provides opportunities to scholars researching diagnosis in human health care, particularly around the impact of commercial drivers; has implications for veterinary and public health practitioners; and should help animate the emerging sociology of veterinary medicine.
The impact of Medicare copayments for skilled nursing facilities on length of stay, outcomes, and costs
Authors: Werner Rachel M. , Konetzka R. Tamara , Qi Mingyu , Coe Norma B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of Medicare's skilled nursing facility (SNF) copayment policy, with a large increase in the daily copayment rate on the 20th day of a benefit period, on length of stay, patient outcomes, and costs.Data Sources and Study SettingRetrospective cohort study from 2012 to 2016 using Medicare claims and SNF assessment data, including SNF admissions for Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries.Study DesignWe first estimate how changes in Medicare's SNF copayment on the 21st day of a patient's benefit period affect length of SNF stay. We then use benefit day on admission as an instrumental variable to estimate the impact of SNF length of stay related to the copayment policy on readmission and Medicare payment.Principal FindingsFrom 2012 to 2016, we examined 291 134 SNF admissions. Higher benefit day on SNF admission was strongly associated with shorter SNF stays. A 1‐day shorter SNF stay was associated with higher readmission rate within 30 days of hospital discharge (1.5 percentage points; 95% CI 1.4‐1.6, P < .001) and within 30 days of SNF discharge (0.9 percentage points; 95% CI 0.8‐1.0), lower total Medicare payment for the 90‐day episode after hospital discharge ($396; 95% CI 361‐431, P < .001), but $179 higher payment for the 90 days after SNF discharge (95% CI 149‐210, P < .001), offsetting the lower payment for the shorter index SNF stay.ConclusionsMedicare's SNF copayment policy is associated with shorter lengths of stay and worse patient outcomes, suggesting the copayment policy has unintended and negative effects on patient outcomes.
Coordinated Care Organizations and mortality among low‐income infants in Oregon
Authors: Bui Linh N. , Yoon Jangho , Harvey S. Marie , Luck Jeff 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the impact of Oregon's Coordinated Care Organizations (CCOs), an accountable care model for Oregon Medicaid enrollees implemented in 2012, on neonatal and infant mortality.Data SourcesOregon birth certificates linked with death certificates, and Medicaid/CCO enrollment files for years 2008‐2016.Study DesignThe sample consisted of the pre‐CCO birth cohort of 135 753 infants (August 2008‐July 2011) and the post‐CCO birth cohort of 148 650 infants (August 2012‐December 2015). We used a difference‐in‐differences probit model to estimate the difference in mortality between infants enrolled in Medicaid and infants who were not enrolled. We examined heterogeneous effects of CCOs for preterm and full‐term infants and the impact of CCOs over the implementation timeline. All models were adjusted for maternal and infant characteristics and secular time trends.Principal FindingsThe CCO model was associated with a 56 percent reduction in infant mortality compared to the pre‐CCO level (−0.20 percentage points [95% CI: −0.35; −0.05]), and also with a greater reduction in infant mortality among preterm infants compared to full‐term infants. The impact on mortality grew in magnitude over the postimplementation timeline.ConclusionsThe CCO model contributed to a reduction in mortality within the first year of birth among infants enrolled in Medicaid.
Fatal Spontaneous Retropharyngeal Hematoma with Airway Obstruction in the Setting of Treatment with Dipyridamole
Authors: Torimitsu Suguru , Makino Yohsuke , Yamaguchi Rutsuko , Chiba Fumiko , Tsuneya Shigeki , Iwase Hirotaro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report a fatal case of airway obstruction caused by spontaneous retropharyngeal hematoma (RH) in the setting of treatment with dipyridamole. A 90‐year‐old woman presented with cervical swelling, neck and chest ecchymoses, and complaints of dyspnea. She suffered cardiopulmonary arrest in the ambulance, and her death was confirmed after transportation to the hospital. The major finding of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) prior to autopsy was widening of the prevertebral soft tissue. The results of the autopsy indicated that the cause of death was mechanical asphyxia, secondary to pharyngeal and laryngeal compression caused by the RH. There were no evident injuries, medical interventions, or particular diseases, suggesting the spontaneous cause of the RH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a fatal case secondary to spontaneous RH that was revealed through PMCT imaging.
Coal seam gas: a space‐based perspective
Authors: Schweinsberg Stephen , McManus Phil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCoal seam gas and other unconventional gas industries have often struggled to develop a social licence to operate in surrounding communities, frequently resulting in the emergence of broad opposition coalitions and legal challenges. In this article, the authors explore the relational aspects of coal seam gas's space‐based setting with reference to Keith Halfacree's three‐fold model of rural space. Applying this model to coal seam gas development in New South Wales' Hunter Valley, we argue that it is only by understanding the so‐called total space that efforts can be undertaken to promote the more inclusive stakeholder collaboration, which is a prerequisite for achieving shared value for industry and society.
Evaluating the shared and unique predictors of legal cynicism and police legitimacy from adolescence into early adulthood
Authors: Nivette Amy , Eisner Manuel , Ribeaud Denis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn different theoretical traditions, negative social conditions, attachments, and interactions shape the way individuals view the law and its agents. Although most researchers acknowledge the conceptual distinction between different legal attitudes such as legal cynicism and police legitimacy, it remains unclear to what extent these attitudes stem from the same social sources. In the current study, therefore, we evaluate the social and individual factors that influence trajectories of legal cynicism and police legitimacy using a diverse community sample of youths in Zurich, Switzerland. Latent growth curve models were employed to examine patterns of change in legal cynicism and police legitimacy between 13 and 20 years of age. The findings show that legal cynicism and police legitimacy both decline into early adulthood and exhibit high rank‐stability over time. Furthermore, we find that legal cynicism is closely related to individual characteristics that reflect one's inability to recognize or abide by their internal rules. By contrast, police legitimacy is shaped by socialization influences, particularly teacher bonds and police contacts. These results indicate a need to assess the measurement and interpretation of legal cynicism critically in relation to broader legitimacy beliefs and to investigate the shared and distinct sources of these different constructs.
Relationship between lower limb vascular characteristics, peripheral arterial disease and gait in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tehan Peta Ellen , Stewart Sarah , Chuter Vivienne Helaine , Carroll Matthew , Rutherfurd Katelyn Jane , Brenton‐Rule Angela 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with higher risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease, including peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The aim of this study was to measure lower limb vascular characteristics (indicative of PAD), using non‐invasive chairside testing methods, in people with RA compared to matched controls, and to determine the association between vascular characteristics and gait velocity as a measure of functional capacity in people with RA.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional pilot study which measured lower limb vascular characteristics (bilateral continuous wave Doppler, toe brachial index [TBI] and ankle brachial index [ABI]) and gait velocity (6‐m walk test) in people with RA and controls. Differences in vascular characteristics between groups were determined using linear regression models, and associations between vascular characteristics and gait were determined using logistic regression models.ResultsSeventy‐two participants were included: 34 participants with RA mean disease duration 26.2 (SD 12.1) and 38 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The control group contained 30 females (79%), and the RA group had 28 females (82%). There were no significant differences between the RA and control groups for lower limb vascular characteristics. People with RA walked significantly slower compared to controls (1.10 m/s vs 0.91 m/s, P < .001). People with RA who had abnormal TBI, or abnormal qualitative Doppler walked significantly slower compared to those with normal TBI (0.86 m/s vs 0.95 m/s, P = .043 and 0.81 m/s, vs 0.93 m/s, P = .028). There was no significant association between ABI and gait velocity.ConclusionThis study did not identify different lower limb vascular characteristics in people with RA compared to matched controls. However, in people with RA, abnormal Doppler and TBI results are associated with slower walking velocity.
Environmental Information Disclosure and Financial Constraint
Authors: Yao Sheng , Hong Yuan , Lin Chen‐Miao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing the introduction of Measures for the Disclosure of Environment Information (MDEI) in China, we investigate the relationship between environmental disclosure and firms’ financial constraints. We find that cash‐cash flow sensitivity decreases by 13.33% after the implementation of MDEI and that an increase of one point in the disclosure quality score results in an estimated reduction of 0.86% in cash‐cash flow sensitivity. We further find that the negative association between disclosure quality and cash‐cash flow sensitivity is more pronounced for high‐polluting firms, as well as for firms with effective internal control. Our study highlights the importance of a government environmental policy in emerging markets.
Longitudinal changes in the thickness of the ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer in patients with hypertension: a 4‐year prospective observational study
Authors: Lee Woo Hyuk , Lee Min‐Woo , Lim Hyung‐Bin , Kim Kyeung‐Min , Shin Yong‐Il , Kim Jung‐Yeul 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeHypertension (HTN) is expected to accelerate age‐related ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness (GC‐IPLs) reduction, but there is limited information on the reduction rate of GC‐IPLs in HTN patients. We investigate longitudinal changes in the thickness of GC‐IPL in patients with HTN.MethodsWe performed a prospective, longitudinal and observational study design. Participants were divided into two groups: HTN group (49 eyes) and control group (56 eyes). After the initial visit, GC‐IPLs were measured four times at 1‐year intervals using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography. The GC‐IPL reduction rate was estimated using a linear mixed model and compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate generalized linear mixed models were used to identify factors associated with reductions in GC‐IPLs over time.ResultsIn a linear mixed model, the GC‐IPL reduction rates for the HTN and control groups were −0.64 (p < 0.001) and −0.19 (p < 0.001) μm/year, respectively, and the interaction between group and follow‐up duration was significant (p < 0.001). In the HTN group, all sectors exhibited significant reductions over time (all p < 0.001). Results from univariate and multivariate linear mixed model analyses revealed that age and IOP were significantly associated (p = 0.009 and 0.047, respectively) with reductions in GC‐IPLs in HTN patients.ConclusionPatients with HTN exhibited a significant reduction in GC‐IPLs compared to normal subjects. Additionally, age and IOP affected the reduction rate of GC‐IPLs in HTN patients. In various ophthalmic diseases, physicians should consider the longitudinal effect of HTN on GC‐IPLs.
Letter: role of mean platelet volume levels in the prediction of major acute cardiovascular events in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease—authors' reply
Authors: Mullish Benjamin H. , Forlano Roberta , Abeles R. Daniel , Thursz Mark R. , Manousou Pinelopi 
Published: October 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Abeles et al and Liu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15192 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15527.
Population pharmacokinetics of a triple‐secured fibrinogen concentrate administered to afibrinogenaemic patients: Observed age‐ and body weight‐related differences and consequences for dose adjustment in children
Authors: Bellon Anne , Fuseau Eliane , Roumanie Olivier , Lamazure Jennifer , Stevens Wil , Dahmane Amel , Barthez‐Toullec Malika , Golly Dominique , Henriet Céline , Bridey Françoise 
Published: October 2019

AimsThe pharmacokinetics (PK) of a triple‐secured fibrinogen concentrate (FC) was assessed in patients ≥40 kg by noncompartmental analysis over a period of 14 days with multiple blood samples. Limited PK time point assessments in children lead to consideration of using Bayesian estimation for paediatric data. The objectives were (i) to define the population PK of FC in patients with afibrinogenaemia; (ii) to detect age‐ and body weight‐related differences and consequences for dose adjustment.MethodsA population PK model was built using plasma fibrinogen activity data collected in 31 patients aged 1 to 48 years who had participated in a single‐dose PK study with FC 0.06 g kg–1.ResultsA 1‐compartment model with allometric scaling accounting for body weight was found to best describe the kinetics of FC. Addition of age and sex as covariates did not improve the model. Incremental in vivo recovery assessed at the end of infusion with the predicted maximal concentrations was lower, weight‐adjusted clearance was higher, and fibrinogen elimination half‐life was shorter in patients <40 kg than patients ≥40 kg. Interpatient variability was similar in both groups.ConclusionDosing in patients ≥40 kg based on the previous empirical finding using noncompartmental analysis where FC 1 g kg–1 raises the plasma fibrinogen activity by 23 g L–1 was confirmed. In patients <40 kg, (covering the age range from birth up to about 12 years old) FC 1 g kg–1 raises the plasma fibrinogen by 19 g L–1. Dosing should be adapted accordingly unless therapy is individualized.
AJM300, a novel oral antagonist of α4‐integrin, sustains an increase in circulating lymphocytes: A randomised controlled trial in healthy male subjects
Authors: Fukase Hiroyuki , Kajioka Toshifumi , Oikawa Ichiro , Ikeda Naoki , Furuie Hidetoshi 
Published: October 2019

AimsAJM300 is an oral antagonist of α4‐integrin that reduces inflammation by blocking leucocyte trafficking. This study aimed to investigate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AJM300 in healthy male subjects.MethodsA total of 23 subjects were randomised to receive 240 mg (n = 6), 480 mg (n = 5), 960 mg (n = 6) of AJM300 or the corresponding placebo (n = 2 per group). The study drugs were taken orally 3 times daily after each meal on the first day followed by a 4‐day washout period. Thereafter, multiple‐dose administration was conducted for 6 consecutive days. The pharmacokinetic parameters of AJM300 and its active metabolite (HCA2969) were assessed, and total white blood cells and the differential cell count were used to determine the pharmacodynamic effects. Adverse events (AEs) were also monitored.ResultsThe plasma AJM300 and HCA2969 concentration–time curves displayed a triphasic pattern on Day 1 (single‐day administration) and Day 10 (last day of multiple dosing), whereas the concentration of HCA2969 was much higher than that of AJM300. A significant but transient increase in lymphocyte count was observed after AJM300 dosing at all dosages tested compared with the placebo. The increase was sustained over a 24‐h period only at the 960‐mg dosage. In particular, a significant increase in the lymphocyte count compared to placebo (mean, 50.58%; 95% confidence intervals, 20.40–80.76) was observed at the first 960‐mg dose on Day 10. Six (26.1%) subjects reported ≥1 AEs, all of which were mild and resolved spontaneously.ConclusionThe maximal and 24‐h sustained pharmacodynamic effects were demonstrated at the 960‐mg dosage after oral administration of AJM300 3 times daily for 6 days, which was also found to be safe and well tolerated.