bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of juvenile antiphospholipid syndrome in two siblings: Case reports and review of literature
Authors: Fathalla Basil , Khawaja Khulood W , Afzal Samina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in children together with familial APS is extremely rare, differs from adult APS, and has no validated diagnosis criteria. Use of adult APS classification criteria for the diagnosis of pediatric APS may result in missed or delayed diagnoses in children as non-thrombotic clinical manifestations may precede thrombotic manifestations for prolonged periods. We report rare triple positivity of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in two siblings presenting with a variable spectrum of juvenile primary APS manifestations and a review of literature.Case reportTwo siblings presented with a variable spectrum of juvenile primary APS manifestations at 13 years of age. Both patients had high triple aPL positivity on multiple occasions at least 12 weeks apart including positive anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 antibodies, and lupus anticoagulant tests. The older brother, currently 16 years of age, had a spectrum of clinical manifestations during his disease course including cutaneous thrombotic microangiopathy, arthralgia, and pulmonary embolism. His sister is currently 14 years of age and she presented with non-thrombotic clinical manifestations, was immediately screened, and diagnosed with triple aPL positivity at 13 years of age. A seven years old healthy brother was screened once and had negative aPL test results. Systemic investigations including work up for systemic lupus erythematosus in both symptomatic siblings were unremarkable and whole exome sequencing was inconclusive. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) screen revealed positive HLA-DR4 and DQB1*0302 tests for both symptomatic siblings but not for the healthy brother.ConclusionWe conclude that non-thrombotic clinical manifestations may precede thrombotic manifestations in primary APS in children, and this may cause significant delays in the diagnosis. Familial primary APS is very rare but may occur and high index of suspicion is required to test relatives with subtle clinical manifestations. Our case reports further support possible HLA-DR and -DQ associations with aPL antibodies.
Predicting COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors based on Protection Motivation Theory in Hormozgan, Iran.
Authors: Rad Roghayeh Ezati , Takhti Hesamaddin Kamalzadeh , Azad Mehdi Hassani , Mohseni Shokrollah , Aghamolaei Teamur , Norozian Fatemeh , Shahabi Nahid 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The present research aimed to predict the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 in the light of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT).Methods: The present cross-sectional research was conducted in 2 months (March 2020-April 2020) in Hormozgan Province of Iran. The research population comprised all residents above 15 years of age. They received an online questionnaire survey in two parts, demographic information along with PMT constructs. To analyze the data, independent t-test and one-way anova test, Multiple linear regression and the statistical technique of path analysis and structural equation modeling was used. All statistical calculations and hypothesis testing were performed using spss21 and Amos21 software and a significant level of hypothesis testing was considered to be 0.05Results: A total number of 2,032 subjects participated in this research, the mean age of whom was 34.84±9.8 (R=15-98). The majority of participants were between 31 - 40 years old, female (60.4%), married (72%), urban residents (87.3%), holding a Bachelor’s degree or higher (58.8%) and employed (58.8%). Statistically significant positive correlation coefficients were estimated between preventive behaviors of COVID-19 and perceived vulnerability (r=0.192, p<0.001), perceived severity (r=0.092, p<0.001), response efficacy (r=0.398, p<0.001) ,self efficacy (r=0.497, p<0.001) and protection motivation (r=0.595, p<0.001). Statistically significant negative correlations were found between behavior and maladaptive behavior rewards (r=-0.243, p<0.001) and perceived costs (r=-0.121, p<0.001).Conclusions: The present findings showed that maladaptive behavior reward and fear predicted protective behaviors negatively; response efficacy and self-efficacy predicted protective behaviors positively. The effect of self-efficacy was the strongest among all. The information provided in this research can contribute to policy-making in the country.
Mycobacteriophage-based test system for phenotypic drug sensitivity of clinical isolates of tuberculous mycobacteria
Authors: Lapenkova M. B. , Аrustamova G. A. , Аlyapkina Yu. S. , Filippov P. N. , Lazebny S. V. , Vladimirskiy M. A. 
Published: September 2020

The issue of rapid phenotypic drug sensitivity testing of clinical isolates of tuberculous mycobacteria remains relevant.The objective of the study is to develop a new test system for rapid phenotypic drug sensitivity testing of MTB clinical isolates based on lytic mycobacteriophages, capable of testing resistance to first and second line drugs.Subjects and methods. Cultures of MTB (108 clinical isolates after primary culturing in Bactec MGIT) were incubated for 48 hours with addition of anti-tuberculosis drugs, then for 48 hours more after adding lytic mycobateriophage D29. The subsequent multiplex reaction of the polymerase chain reaction in real time allowed performing quantitative analysis of MTB DNA and mycobacteriophage DNA. The drug sensitivity of the tested sample was assessed by ranges of the differences in fluorescence threshold levels corresponding to the amount of mycobacteriophages between the control and test sample. At the same time, the drug sensitivity/resistance of all MTB clinical isolates after repeated culture was tested by Bactec MGIT which was adopted as a reference method.Results. Lytic mycobacteriophage-based drug sensitivity testing of 108 MTB isolated to four first line drugs and 90 isolates to six second line anti-tuberculosis drugs demonstrated a high level of concordance with the results of the Bactec MGIT system. It provided 99.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity of the method for 3 first-line drugs; it was slightly lower for ethambutol (86 and 96.9%, respectively), while for second line drugs, its sensitivity made 94.83% and specificity - 98.85%.
A New Approach for the Evaluation of Structural Failure by Credibility Distribution
Authors: Dutta Palash , Gohain Nisha 
Published: September 2020

Aim:
To devise an effective structural failure analysis approach under uncertainty.

Background:
In reliability evaluation, plenty of factors are uncertain, or sometimes, spontaneously represented via linguistic expressions, and as a consequence, the traditionalist appraisal methods cannot capably handle the ambiguity and vagueness that occurs in reliability assessment components. Subsequently, this leads to the problem of tremendous computationally multifaceted and scanty correctness.

Objective:
To overcome the limitations and to develop efficiency as well as accuracy in structural failure evaluation techniques, an attempt has been made to devise a novel structural reliability assessment method via credibility distribution.

Methods:
To get rid of the problems of massive computationally difficult and inadequate precision, an algorithm has been devised using credibility sampling. To exhibit the novelty, validity, and applicability of the present approach, some structural failure assessment problems are solved along with a comparison with the existing approach.

Results:
The proposed method was verified by four examples and applied in structural analysis. It was observed that the present approach is technically sound and efficient; it can overcome all the drawbacks of the existing approach. Moreover, the approach can be executed in any uncertain situation.

Conclusion:
After evaluation of failure assessment, it is experienced that the increase in the number of simulations leads to better precision. Furthermore, it is encountered that when hybridization problems i.e., representation of imprecise components in the problem of structural failure, are both fuzzy and probabilistic nature, then the failure assessment is attained to be maximum.
ENTRE A SUPERLEGALIDADE E A TEOLOGIA POLÍTICA: consequências da atuação das instituições religiosas no Programa Nacional de prevenção primária à corrupção no Brasil e nas “10 medidas de combate à corrupção”
Authors: Staffen Marcio Ricardo 
Published: September 2020

A presente pesquisa objetiva abordar desde os postulados de Carl Schmitt - especialmente nas noções de teologia política e superlegalidade -, o contexto de atuação das instituições religiosas no combate à corrupção no Brasil que se comportam como bastião de autoridade e idoneidade incorruptível para erradicar com o inimigo moral da corrupção, influenciando diretamente na atividade legislativa nacional. Para tanto, a pesquisa aborda os aspectos teóricos dos conceitos de teologia política e superlegalidade para, projetá-los no cenário brasileiro de combate à corrupção desde propostas legislativas em curso na Câmara dos Deputados. Em que pese a destinação da teoria schmittiana para o cristianismo católico, a ideia de teologia política se mostra útil para a análise da realidade de emergência de igrejas neopentecostais na política do Brasil. Igual intensidade possui o postulado de superlegalidade, ao reforçar a condição de legitimidade que norteia a legalidade no seio dos Estados. Como método de pesquisa, utiliza-se do modelo dedutivo apoiado pela técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e de consulta de informações primárias.
A MICROLENS BY GALLIUM DOPED ZINC OXIDE-NANOANTENNA
Authors: ASLAN Ekin , ASLAN Erdem 
Published: September 2020

Alternative plasmonics based fractal microlens are investigated. In this context, lensing performance of gallium-doped zinc oxide Sierpinski carpet-based fractal construction functionalized by conformal Talbot effect is analyzed for communication wavelength 1550 nm. Focusing via diffraction from these 2D finite-sized and two-iterated fractal lattice system is computationally demonstrated. In this regard, focusing performance parameters are computationally examined on the basis of geometrical parameter sweep and fractal generation via finite difference time-domain numerical simulations. Focusing efficiency > 50%, absolute
efficiency > 18%, and focal depth larger than primary spot size are introduced by all computational samples. Moreover, a conformal Talbot effect is exhibited by this novel alternative plasmonics construction. A novel perspective based on alternative plasmonics by a newly adapted fractal design to optics is proposed. Thus, this fractal microlens is presented as a new planarized focusing platform, acting a conformal transformation optics device for light capturing tolerance and low-cost.
Development and Evaluation of an Accelerometer-Based Protocol for Measuring Physical Activity Levels in Cancer Survivors: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Crane Tracy E , Skiba Meghan B , Miller Austin , Garcia David O , Thomson Cynthia A 
Published: September 2020

Background
The collection of self-reported physical activity using validated questionnaires has known bias and measurement error.

Objective
Accelerometry, an objective measure of daily activity, increases the rigor and accuracy of physical activity measurements. Here, we describe the methodology and related protocols for accelerometry data collection and quality assurance using the Actigraph GT9X accelerometer data collection in a convenience sample of ovarian cancer survivors enrolled in GOG/NRG 0225, a 24-month randomized controlled trial of diet and physical activity intervention versus attention control.

Methods
From July 2015 to December 2019, accelerometers were mailed on 1337 separate occasions to 580 study participants to wear at 4 time points (baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months) for 7 consecutive days. Study staff contacted participants via telephone to confirm their availability to wear the accelerometers and reviewed instructions and procedures regarding the return of the accelerometers and assisted with any technology concerns.

Results
We evaluated factors associated with wear compliance, including activity tracking, use of a mobile app, and demographic characteristics with chi-square tests and logistic regression. Compliant data, defined as ≥4 consecutive days with ≥10 hours daily wear time, exceeded 90% at all study time points. Activity tracking, but no other characteristics, was significantly associated with compliant data at all time points (P<.001). This implementation of data collection through accelerometry provided highly compliant and usable activity data in women who recently completed treatment for ovarian cancer.

Conclusions
The high compliance and data quality associated with this protocol suggest that it could be disseminated to support researchers who seek to collect robust objective activity data in cancer survivors residing in a wide geographic area.
Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Psychological Health of University Students and Their Attitudes Toward Mobile Mental Health Solutions: Two-Part Questionnaire Study
Authors: Drissi Nidal , Alhmoudi Ayat , Al Nuaimi Hana , Alkhyeli Mahra , Alsalami Shaikha , Ouhbi Sofia 
Published: September 2020

Background
The COVID-19 outbreak was first reported to the World Health Organization on December 31, 2019, and it was officially declared a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. The COVID-19 outbreak and the safety measures taken to control it caused many psychological issues in populations worldwide, such as depression, anxiety, and stress.

Objective
The objectives of this study were to assess the psychological effects of the lockdown due to the COVID-19 outbreak on university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to investigate the students’ awareness of mobile mental health care apps as well as their attitudes toward the use of these apps.

Methods
A two-part self-administered web-based questionnaire was delivered to students at United Arab Emirates University. The first part of the questionnaire assessed the mental state of the participants using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), while the second part contained questions investigating the participants’ awareness of and attitudes toward mental health care apps. Students were invited to fill out the web-based questionnaire via social media and mailing lists.

Results
A total of 154 students participated in the survey, and the majority were female. The results of the GHQ-12 analysis showed that the students were experiencing psychological issues related to depression and anxiety as well as social dysfunction. The results also revealed a lack of awareness of mental health care apps and uncertainty regarding the use of such apps. Approximately one-third of the participants (44/154, 28.6%) suggested preferred functionalities and characteristics of mobile mental health care apps, such as affordable price, simple design, ease of use, web-based therapy, communication with others experiencing the same issues, and tracking of mental status.

Conclusions
Like many groups of people worldwide, university students in the UAE were psychologically affected by the lockdown due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Although apps can be useful tools for mental health care delivery, especially in circumstances such as those produced by the outbreak, the students in this study showed a lack of awareness of these apps and mixed attitudes toward them. Improving the digital health literacy of university students in the UAE by increasing their awareness of mental health care apps and the treatment methods and benefits of the apps, as well as involving students in the app creation process, may encourage students to use these tools for mental health care.
Telemedicine Usage Among Urologists During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dubin Justin M , Wyant W Austin , Balaji Navin C , Ong William LK , Kettache Reda H , Haffaf Malik , Zouari Skander , Santillan Diego , Autrán Gómez Ana Maria , Sadeghi-Nejad Hossein , Loeb Stacy , Borin James F , Gomez Rivas Juan , Grummet Jeremy , Ramasamy Ranjith , Teoh Jeremy Y C 
Published: September 2020

Background
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, urology was one of the specialties with the lowest rates of telemedicine and videoconferencing use. Common barriers to the implementation of telemedicine included a lack of technological literacy, concerns with reimbursement, and resistance to changes in the workplace. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic declared in March 2020, the delivery of urological services globally has quickly shifted to telemedicine to account for the mass clinical, procedural, and operative cancellations, inadequate personal protective equipment, and shortage of personnel.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate current telemedicine usage by urologists, urologists’ perceptions on the necessity of in-person clinic appointments, the usability of telemedicine, and the current barriers to its implementation.

Methods
We conducted a global, cross-sectional, web-based survey to investigate the use of telemedicine before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Urologists’ perceived usability of telemedicine was assessed using a modified Delphi approach to create questions based on a modified version of the validated Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ). For the purposes of this study, telemedicine was defined as video calls only.

Results
A total of 620 urologists from 58 different countries and 6 continents participated in the survey. Prior to COVID-19, 15.8% (n=98) of urologists surveyed were using telemedicine in their clinical practices; during the pandemic, that proportion increased to 46.1% (n=283). Of the urologists without telemedicine experience, interest in telemedicine usage increased from 43.7% (n=139) to 80.8% (n=257) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among urologists that used telemedicine during the pandemic, 80.9% (n=244) were interested in continuing to use it in their practice. The three most commonly used platforms were Zoom, Doxy.me, and Epic, and the top three barriers to implementing telemedicine were patients’ lack of technological comprehension, patients’ lack of access to the required technology, and reimbursement concerns.

Conclusions
This is the first study to quantify the use, usability, and pervading interest in telemedicine among urologists during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the face of this pandemic, urologists’ usage of telemedicine nearly tripled, demonstrating their ability to adopt and adapt telemedicine into their practices, but barriers involving the technology itself are still preventing many from utilizing it despite increasing interest.
Electronic Cigarette–Related Contents on Instagram: Observational Study and Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Gao Yankun , Xie Zidian , Sun Li , Xu Chenliang , Li Dongmei 
Published: September 2020

Background
Instagram is a popular social networking platform for users to upload pictures sharing their experiences. Instagram has been widely used by vaping companies and stores to promote electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), as well as by public health entities to communicate the risks of e-cigarette use (vaping) to the public.

Objective
We aimed to characterize current vaping-related content on Instagram through descriptive analyses.

Methods
From Instagram, 42,951 posts were collected using vaping-related hashtags in November 2019. The posts were grouped as (1) pro-vaping, (2) vaping warning, (3) neutral to vaping, and (4) not related to vaping based on the attitudes to vaping expressed within the posts. From these Instagram posts and the corresponding 18,786 unique Instagram user accounts, 200 pro-vaping and 200 vaping-warning posts as well as 200 pro-vaping and 200 vaping-warning user accounts were randomly selected for hand coding. Furthermore, follower counts and media counts of the Instagram user accounts as well as the “like” counts and hashtags of the posts were compared between pro-vaping and vaping-warning groups.

Results
There were more posts in the pro-vaping group (41,412 posts) than there were in the vaping-warning group (1539 posts). The majority of pro-vaping images were product display images (163/200, 81.5%), and the most popular image type in vaping-warning posts was educational (95/200, 47.5%). The highest proportion of pro-vaping user account type was vaping store (110/189, 58.1%), and the store account type had the highest mean number of posts (10.33 posts/account). The top 3 vaping-warning user account types were personal (79/155, 51%), vaping-warning community (37/155, 23.9%), and community (35/155, 22.6%), of which the vaping-warning community had the highest mean number of posts (3.68 posts/account). Pro-vaping user accounts had more followers (median 850) and media (median 232) than vaping-warning user accounts had (follower count: median 191; media count: 92). Pro-vaping posts had more “likes” (median 22) and hashtags (mean 20.39) than vaping-warning posts had (“like” count: median 12; hashtags: mean 7.16).

Conclusions
Instagram is dominated by pro-vaping content, and pro-vaping posts and user accounts seem to have more user engagement than vaping-warning accounts have. These results highlight the importance of regulating e-cigarette posts on social media and the urgency of identifying effective communication content and message delivery methods with the public about the health effects of e-cigarettes to ameliorate the epidemic of vaping in youth.