bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long way to Ricci flatness
Authors: Chen Jin , Sheu Chao-Hsiang , Shifman Mikhail , Tallarita Gianni , Yung Alexei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study two-dimensional weighted $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2) supersymmetric ℂℙ models with the goal of exploring their infrared (IR) limit. 𝕎ℂℙ(N,$$ \tilde{N} $$

N
˜

) are simplified versions of world-sheet theories on non-Abelian strings in four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 QCD. In the gauged linear sigma model (GLSM) formulation, 𝕎ℂℙ(N,$$ \tilde{N} $$

N
˜

) has N charges +1 and $$ \tilde{N} $$

N
˜

charges −1 fields. As well-known, at $$ \tilde{N} $$

N
˜

= N this GLSM is conformal. Its target space is believed to be a non-compact Calabi-Yau manifold. We mostly focus on the N = 2 case, then the Calabi-Yau space is a conifold.On the other hand, in the non-linear sigma model (NLSM) formulation the model has ultra-violet logarithms and does not look conformal. Moreover, its metric is not Ricci-flat. We address this puzzle by studying the renormalization group (RG) flow of the model. We show that the metric of NLSM becomes Ricci-flat in the IR. Moreover, it tends to the known metric of the resolved conifold. We also study a close relative of the 𝕎ℂℙ model — the so called zn model — which in actuality represents the world sheet theory on a non-Abelian semilocal string and show that this zn model has similar RG properties.
Improving maternal and newborn care: cost-effectiveness of an innovation to rebrand traditional birth attendants in Sierra Leone
Authors: Fotso Jean Christophe , Ambrose Ashley , Hutchinson Paul , Ali Disha 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
This paper evaluates the cost-effectiveness of rebranding former traditional birth attendants (TBAs) to conduct health promotion activities and refer women to health facilities.

Methods
The project used 200 former TBAs, 100 of whom were also enrolled in a small income generating business. The evaluation had a three-arm, quasiexperimental design with baseline and endline household surveys. The three arms were: (a) Health promotion (HP) only; (b) Health promotion plus business (HP+);
and (c) the comparison group. The Lives Saved Tool is used to estimate the number of lives saved.

Results
The HP+ intervention had a statistically significant impact on health facility delivery and four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits during pregnancy. The cost-effectiveness ratio was estimated at US$4130 per life year saved in the HP only arm, and US$1539 in the HP+ arm. Therefore, only the HP+ intervention is considered to be cost-effective.

Conclusions
It is critical to prioritize cost-effective interventions such as, in the case of rural Sierra Leone, community-based strategies involving rebranding TBAs as health promoters and enrolling them in health-related income generating activities.
Maximizing efficiency of genomic selection in CIMMYT’s tropical maize breeding program
Authors: Atanda Sikiru Adeniyi , Olsen Michael , Burgueño Juan , Crossa Jose , Dzidzienyo Daniel , Beyene Yoseph , Gowda Manje , Dreher Kate , Zhang Xuecai , Prasanna Boddupalli M. , Tongoona Pangirayi , Danquah Eric Yirenkyi , Olaoye Gbadebo , Robbins Kelly R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Key message
Historical data from breeding programs can be efficiently used to improve genomic selection accuracy, especially when the training set is optimized to subset individuals most informative of the target testing set.

Abstract
The current strategy for large-scale implementation of genomic selection (GS) at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) global maize breeding program has been to train models using information from full-sibs in a “test-half-predict-half approach.” Although effective, this approach has limitations, as it requires large full-sib populations and limits the ability to shorten variety testing and breeding cycle times. The primary objective of this study was to identify optimal experimental and training set designs to maximize prediction accuracy of GS in CIMMYT’s maize breeding programs. Training set (TS) design strategies were evaluated to determine the most efficient use of phenotypic data collected on relatives for genomic prediction (GP) using datasets containing 849 (DS1) and 1389 (DS2) DH-lines evaluated as testcrosses in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Our results show there is merit in the use of multiple bi-parental populations as TS when selected using algorithms to maximize relatedness between the training and prediction sets. In a breeding program where relevant past breeding information is not readily available, the phenotyping expenditure can be spread across connected bi-parental populations by phenotyping only a small number of lines from each population. This significantly improves prediction accuracy compared to within-population prediction, especially when the TS for within full-sib prediction is small. Finally, we demonstrate that prediction accuracy in either sparse testing or “test-half-predict-half” can further be improved by optimizing which lines are planted for phenotyping and which lines are to be only genotyped for advancement based on GP.
Heat transfer during pulsating liquid jet impingement onto a vertical wall
Authors: Wassenberg J. , Stephan P. , Gambaryan-Roisman T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLiquid jet impingement is used for cooling and cleaning in various industrial branches. The advantages of jet impingement include high heat and mass transport rates in the vicinity of the impingement point. Pulsating liquid jets impinging on horizontal substrates with a pulsation frequency around 100 Hz have been shown to increase the cooling efficiency in comparison to jets with continuous mass flow rates. The influence of jet pulsation on cooling efficiency for impingement of horizontal jets onto vertical walls has not yet been investigated. In the case of a vertical heated wall, gravity contributes to the liquid flow pattern. In particular, if the time span between two pulses is sufficiently long, the liquid drainage from the region above the impingement point can contribute to heat transport without increasing the average flow rate of the cooling medium. In this work, the influence of pulsations on heat transfer during impingement of a horizontal liquid jet onto a vertical wall is investigated experimentally for the pulsation frequency range 1–5 Hz. The results regarding increase of heat transfer efficiency are related to flow patterns developing by impingement of successive pulses, as well as to the liquid splattering.
Effective use of the McNemar test
Authors: Pembury Smith Matilda Q. R. , Ruxton Graeme D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It is not uncommon for researchers to want to interrogate paired binomial data. For example, researchers may want to compare an organism’s response (positive or negative) to two different stimuli. If they apply both stimuli to a sample of individuals, it would be natural to present the data in a 2 × 2 table. There would be two cells with concordant results (the frequency of individuals which responded positively or negatively to both stimuli) and two cells with discordant results (the frequency of individuals who responded positively to one stimulus, but negatively to the other). The key issue is whether the totals in the two discordant cells are sufficiently different to suggest that the stimuli trigger different reactions. In terms of the null hypothesis testing paradigm, this would translate as a P value which is the probability of seeing the observed difference in these two values or a more extreme difference if the two stimuli produced an identical reaction. The statistical test designed to provide this P value is the McNemar test. Here, we seek to promote greater and better use of the McNemar test. To achieve this, we fully describe a range of circumstances within biological research where it can be effectively applied, describe the different variants of the test that exist, explain how these variants can be accessed in R, and offer guidance on which of these variants to adopt. To support our arguments, we highlight key recent methodological advances and compare these with a novel survey of current usage of the test.

Significance statement
When analysing paired binomial data, researchers appear to reflexively apply a chi-squared test, with the McNemar test being largely overlooked, despite it often being more appropriate. As these tests evaluate a different null hypothesis, selecting the appropriate test is essential for effective analysis. When using the McNemar test, there are four methods that can be applied. Recent advice has outlined clear guidelines on which method should be used. By conducting a survey, we provide support for these guidelines, but identify that the method chosen in publications is rarely specified or the most appropriate. Our study provides clear guidance on which method researchers should select and highlights examples of when this test should be used and how it can be implemented easily to improve future research.
Endovascular stroke treatment using balloon guide catheters may reduce penumbral tissue damage and improve long-term outcome
Authors: Berndt Maria T. , Goyal Mayank , Psychogios Marios , Kaesmacher Johannes , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Wunderlich Silke , Zimmer Claus , Friedrich Benjamin , Maegerlein Christian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
During mechanical recanalization of large vessel occlusions (LVO), the use of proximal flow arrest with balloon guide catheters (BGC) was shown to be associated with better angiographic and even clinical outcome. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of BGC use on microstructural alterations in the salvaged penumbra.

Methods
All patients who underwent mechanical recanalization of LVO of the anterior circulation were reviewed within a prospective stroke registry of a single comprehensive stroke center. Fifty-two patients received an admission CT perfusion together with post-interventional diffusion tensor imaging. Technical details such as BGC usage were correlated with microstructural integrity changes of the salvaged gray matter through the mean diffusivity (MD) index. Moderation analysis was performed to test the interaction of BGC on the correlation between angiographic and clinical outcomes.

Results
For all patients with complete reperfusion, microstructural integrity changes with lowered MD index were found within the salvaged penumbra for cases of non-BGC usage (mean − 0.02) compared to cases with BGC usage (0.01, p = 0.04). The importance of complete reperfusion for good clinical outcome is predominantly based on patients treated with BGC (effect 2.78, p = 0.01 vs. for non-BGC: 0.3, p = 0.71).

Conclusions
The lowered MD index early after mechanical recanalization without BGC usage can be interpreted as microstructural ischemic damage of the salvaged penumbra. It was shown that achieving complete reperfusion in a setting of BGC usage with proximal flow arrest minimizes penumbral damage and improves long-term outcomes.

Key Points
• Microstructural ischemic damage can be reduced by using proximal flow arrest during endovascular treatment with balloon guide catheter.
• Complete reperfusion in a setting of balloon guide catheter minimizes penumbral damage and improves long-term outcome.
MR imaging by 3D T1-weighted black blood sequences may improve delineation of therapy-naive high-grade gliomas
Authors: Finck Tom , Gempt Jens , Zimmer Claus , Kirschke Jan S. , Sollmann Nico 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced (CE) turbo spin echo black blood (BB) sequences for imaging of therapy-naive high-grade gliomas (HGGs).

Methods
Consecutive patients with histopathologically confirmed World Health Organization (WHO) grade III or IV gliomas and no oncological treatment prior to index imaging (March 2019 to January 2020) were retrospectively included. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 Tesla comprised CE BB and CE turbo field echo (TFE) sequences. The lack/presence of tumor-related contrast enhancement and satellite lesions were evaluated by two readers. Sharper delineation of tumor boundaries (1, bad; 2, intermediate; 3, good delineation) and vaster expansion of HGGs into the adjacent brain parenchyma on CE BB imaging were the endpoints. Furthermore, contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were calculated and compared between sequences.

Results
Fifty-four patients were included (mean age: 61.2 ± 15.9 years, 64% male). The vast majority of HGGs (51/54) showed contrast enhancement in both sequences, while two HGGs as well as one of six detected satellite lesions were depicted in CE BB imaging only. Tumor boundaries were significantly sharper (R1: 2.43 ± 0.71 vs. 2.73 ± 0.62, p < 0.001; R2: 2.44 ± 0.74 vs. 2.77 ± 0.60, p = 0.001), while the spread of HGGs into the adjacent parenchyma was larger when considering CE BB sequences according to both readers (larger spread in CE BB sequences: R1: 23 patients; R2: 20 patients). The CNR for CE BB sequences significantly exceeded that of CE TFE sequences (43.4 ± 27.1 vs. 32.5 ± 25.0, p = 0.0028).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that BB imaging may considerably improve delineation of therapy-naive HGGs when compared with established TFE imaging. Thus, CE BB sequences might supplement MRI protocols for brain tumors.

Key Points
• This study investigated contrast-enhanced (CE) T1-weighted black blood (BB) sequences for improved MRI in patients with therapy-naive high-grade gliomas (HGGs).
• Compared with conventionally used turbo field echo (TFE) sequences, CE BB sequences depicted tumor boundaries and spread of HGGs into adjacent parenchyma considerably better, which also showed higher CNRs.
• Two enhancing tumor masses and one satellite lesion were exclusively identified in CE BB sequences, but remained undetected in conventionally used CE TFE sequences.
Effect of Temperature on Stiffness of Sandstones from the Deep North Sea Basin
Authors: Orlander Tobias , Andreassen Katrine Alling , Fabricius Ida Lykke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDevelopment of high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) petroleum reservoirs situated at depths exceeding 5 km and in situ temperature of 170 °C increases the demand for theories and supporting experimental data capable of describing temperature effects on rock stiffness. With the intention of experimentally investigating temperature effects on stiffness properties, we investigated three sandstones from the deep North Sea Basin. As the North Sea Basin is presently undergoing substantial subsidence, we assumed that studied reservoir sandstones have never experienced higher temperature than in situ. We measured ultrasonic velocities in a low- and high-stress regime, and used mass density and stress–strain curves to derive, respectively, dynamic and static elastic moduli. We found that in both regimes, the dry sandstones stiffens with increasing testing temperature and assign expansion of minerals as a controlling mechanism. In the low-stress regime with only partial microcrack closure, we propose closure of microcracks as the stiffening mechanism. In the high-stress regime, we propose that thermal expansion of constituting minerals increases stress in grain contacts when the applied stress is high enough for conversion of thermal strain to thermal stress, thus leading to higher stiffness at in situ temperature. We then applied an extension of Biot’s effective stress equation including a non-isothermal term from thermoelastic theory and explain test results by adding boundary conditions to the equations.
Construction of some Chowla sequences
Authors: Shi Ruxi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we show that for a twice differentiable function g having countable zeros and for Lebesgue almost every $$\beta >1$$

β
>
1

, the sequence $$(e^{2\pi i \beta ^ng(\beta )})_{n\in {\mathbb {N}}}$$

(

e

2
π
i

β
n

g

(
β
)

)

n
∈
N

is orthogonal to all topological dynamical systems of zero entropy. To this end, we define the Chowla property and the Sarnak property for numerical sequences taking values 0 or complex numbers of modulus 1. We prove that the Chowla property implies the Sarnak property and show that for Lebesgue almost every $$\beta >1$$

β
>
1

, the sequence $$(e^{2\pi i \beta ^n})_{n\in {\mathbb {N}}}$$

(

e

2
π
i

β
n

)

n
∈
N

shares the Chowla property. It is also discussed whether the samples of a given random sequence have the Chowla property almost surely. Some dependent random sequences having almost surely the Chowla property are constructed.
Effect of RNA silencing suppression activity of chrysanthemum virus B p12 protein on small RNA species
Authors: Vetukuri Ramesh R. , Kalyandurg Pruthvi B. , Saripella Ganapathi Varma , Sen Diya , Gil Jose Fernando , Lukhovitskaya Nina I. , Grenville-Briggs Laura J. , Savenkov Eugene I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChrysanthemum virus B encodes a multifunctional p12 protein that acts as a transcriptional activator in the nucleus and as a suppressor of RNA silencing in the cytoplasm. Here, we investigated the impact of p12 on accumulation of major classes of small RNAs (sRNAs). The results show dramatic changes in the sRNA profiles characterised by an overall reduction in sRNA accumulation, changes in the pattern of size distribution of canonical siRNAs and in the ratio between sense and antisense strands, lower abundance of siRNAs with a U residue at the 5′-terminus, and changes in the expression of certain miRNAs, most of which were downregulated.
Vertical-guided bone regeneration with a titanium-reinforced d-PTFE membrane utilizing a novel split-thickness flap design: a prospective case series
Authors: Windisch Peter , Orban Kristof , Salvi Giovanni E. , Sculean Anton , Molnar Balint 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of a newly proposed minimally invasive split-thickness flap design without vertical-releasing incisions for vertical bone regeneration performed in either a simultaneous or staged approach and to analyze the prevalence of adverse events during postoperative healing.Materials and methodsFollowing preparation of a split-thickness flap and bilaminar elevation of the mucosa and underlying periosteum, the alveolar bone was exposed over the defects, vertical GBR was performed by means of a titanium-reinforced high-density polytetrafluoroethylene membrane combined with particulated autogenous bone (AP) and bovine-derived xenograft (BDX) in 1:1 ratio. At 9 months after reconstructive surgery, vertical and horizontal hard tissue gain was evaluated based on clinical and radiographic examination.ResultsTwenty-four vertical alveolar ridge defects in 19 patients were treated with vertical GBR. In case of 6 surgical sites, implant placement was performed at the time of the GBR (simultaneous group); in the remaining 18 surgical, sites implant placement was performed 9 months after the ridge augmentation (staged group). After uneventful healing in 23 cases, hard tissue fill was detected in each site. Direct clinical measurements confirmed vertical and horizontal hard tissue gain averaging 3.2 ± 1.9 mm and 6.5 ± 0.5 mm respectively, in the simultaneous group and 4.5 ± 2.2 mm and 8.7 ± 2.3 mm respectively, in the staged group. Additional radiographic evaluation based on CBCT data sets in the staged group revealed mean vertical and horizontal hard tissue fill of 4.2 ± 2.0 mm and 8.5 ± 2.4 mm. Radiographic volume gain was 1.1 ± 0.4 cm3.ConclusionVertical GBR consisting of a split-thickness flap and using titanium-reinforced non-resorbable membrane in conjunction with a 1:1 mixture of AP+BDX may lead to a predictable vertical and horizontal hard tissue reconstruction.Clinical relevanceThe used split-thickness flap design may represent a valuable approach to increase the success rate of vertical GBR, resulting in predicable hard tissue regeneration, and favorable wound healing with low rate of membrane exposure.
Is recurrence possible in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Case series and systematic review of literature
Authors: Gidari Anna , Nofri Marco , Saccarelli Luca , Bastianelli Sabrina , Sabbatini Samuele , Bozza Silvia , Camilloni Barbara , Fusco-Moffa Igino , Monari Claudia , De Robertis Edoardo , Mencacci Antonella , Francisci Daniela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCan a patient diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) be infected again? This question is still unsolved. We tried to analyze local and literature cases with a positive respiratory swab after recovery. We collected data from symptomatic patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Italian Umbria Region that, after recovery, were again positive for SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory tract specimens. Samples were also assessed for infectivity in vitro. A systematic review of similar cases reported in the literature was performed. The study population was composed of 9 patients during a 4-month study period. Among the new positive samples, six were inoculated in Vero-E6 cells and showed no growth and negative molecular test in culture supernatants. All patients were positive for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein and/or S protein. Conducting a review of the literature, 1350 similar cases have been found. The presumptive reactivation occurred in 34.5 days on average (standard deviation, SD, 18.7 days) after COVID-19 onset, when the 5.6% of patients presented fever and the 27.6% symptoms. The outcome was favorable in 96.7% of patients, while the 1.1% of them were still hospitalized at the time of data collection and the 2.1% died. Several hypotheses have been formulated to explain new positive respiratory samples after confirmed negativity. According to this study, the phenomenon seems to be due to the prolonged detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA traces in respiratory samples of recovered patients. The failure of the virus to replicate in vitro suggests its inability to replicate in vivo.
Functional safety analysis of SAE conditional driving automation in time-critical situations and proposals for its feasibility
Authors: Hirose Takayuki , Sawaragi Tetsuo , Nomoto Hideki , Michiura Yasutaka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe autonomous driving technology is rapidly developed for commercial use, aiming at the conditional driving automation or the third level of driving automation (LoDA 3). One of the most critical challenges for the achievement is the smooth authority transfer from the system to human drivers in an emergency. However, it is still on the way to find out fundamental solutions. The difficulty is closely related to the envisioned world problem, for which the concept of functional modeling could be a solution. This paper presents a safety analysis of the authority transfer problem based on the ideas of functional modeling. We discuss the safety of the authority transfer in a time-critical situation by using a simulator based on the functional resonance analysis method (FRAM). The result shows that the involvement of human drivers in driving activities is still essential even during autonomous driving. We show that the current LoDA 3 is a myth that the human drivers are supposed to be required just in non-normal situations, while they can be free from dynamic driving tasks (DDTs) in usual cases. Based on the result, this work makes some proposals for successful autonomous driving, effective human–machine collaboration, and the right design of artifacts.