bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Co/Fe doping on the optical limiting behaviors of copper-based sulfides under low energy densities
Authors: Liu Yang , Shi Wei , Feng Zhiyan , Wang Jing , Yang Hao , Feng Hailong , Liang Chenglu , Chen Yukun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Copper-based sulfides have demonstrated excellent potential in optical fields due to their unique optical properties. In this work, heteroatom doping is conducted in copper-based sulfides to regulate their photo-physical properties. The average grain size of CuCo2S4/CuFeS2 is about 15 nm, whereas the average grain sizes of CuCo2S4 and CuFeS2 are 69 and 73 nm, respectively. The as-obtained derivations of CuCo2S4, CuFeS2, and the coprecipitated CuCo2S4/CuFeS2 are systematically characterized, and the nonlinear optical properties (NLO) of the copper-based sulfides are investigated via the Z-scan technique in the low-laser intensity range of 1–4 µJ to avoid the contribution of solvent scattering in nonlinear optical results. All copper-based sulfides exhibit optical limiting effects, and the open aperture Z-scan results suggested the coexistence of both nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction in the sulfides. Co or Fe doping can enhance the optical limiting effects of copper sulfides to some extent, and the normalized transmittances in CuCo2S4 and CuFeS2 are reduced to about 72% from the pristine Cu1.8S (85%) at the input energy of 4 µJ. Interestingly, the optical limiting performances of the coprecipitated CuCo2S4/CuFeS2 are enhanced significantly, and the normalized transmittance in CuCo2S4/CuFeS2 is reduced to about 59% at an input energy of 4 µJ, much lower than the counterpart of the physical mixture of CuCo2S4 and CuFeS2. The highest nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) value is achieved in CuCo2S4/CuFeS2, consistent with the Z-scan results. The NLO enhancement in CuCo2S4/CuFeS2 may derive from the more efficient interfacial charge transfer between coprecipitated CuCo2S4 and CuFeS2, which give a higher efficiency in the carrier mobility.
The cognitive soul and how embodied thinking comes about
Authors: Corcilius Klaus , Falcon Andrea , Roreitner Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In De anima III 7 Aristotle situates the thinking capacity in a larger cognitive context, the cognitive soul. This is a human soul that is equipped with perception, phantasia, desire, and the capacity to feel pleasure and pain. When Aristotle turns to the higher achievements of the cognitive soul, he places special emphasis on the thinking that results in action (praxis). We are not told why we should focus on practical thinking, but the chapter argues that Aristotle is presupposing the practical embeddedness of human thinking. In other words, Aristotle is tacitly assuming that the thinking that is practically oriented is ontogenetically prior to all the other forms of thinking.
Introduction
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Introduction lays out the plan for the book in five sections (Something—Bodies—Incorporeals—Neither Corporeal nor Incorporeal—Everything) and gives background in the contemporary analytic metaphysics of counting by ontological criteria and grounding in terms of fundamentality. The unity of Stoic metaphysics consists in the cooperative enterprises of counting and grounding to yield a tightly ordered one-world metaphysics. Finally, the Introduction proposes a methodological commitment to make the most of our scant textual evidence by finding both the Stoics and their critics at their best and revealing a coarse-grained orthodoxy that unifies the school. This principle of maximal charity reveals that the Stoics are sophisticated metaphysical thinkers forging a new path best characterized as non-reductive physicalism.
Plato’s Sophist
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 argues that the challenges in Plato’s Sophist that would have been salient to the Stoics are more fine-grained than has so far been appreciated, including logical concerns about saying what is not as much as physical concerns about what is. The Stoics face challenges not only from Father Parmenides and the Battle of Gods and Giants, but from the Visitor and the Late Learners as well. In their response, the Stoics will not be like the original savage Giants, who say that being is body and refuse all further discussion, but neither will they be like the hypothetically civilized Giants who give up too easily on their corporealism. They will be, rather, evolved Giants with a sophisticated corporealism, an innovative non-reductive physicalism, and a ground-breaking ontology that sets Something over being and non-being.
Body as Such
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 begins the account of Stoic corporealism that takes us from the ontology of what exists to the metaphysics of body. It argues that because the Stoic definition of body (solid three-dimensional extension with resistance) is best understood in contrast to hylomorphic conceptions of body as composed of matter and form, Stoic body can be fundamental. Further, in contrast to atomistic conceptions of body as rigid and full, Stoic body is continuous and entirely malleable, both divisible and changeable, with no absolute shape, size, or density of its own—though always of some definite shape, size, and density or other. This innovative conception of body as finite malleable mass is what licenses the controversial Stoic commitments to infinite divisibility and through and through blending (krasis di’ holou).
Basic Bodies
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 argues that the two Stoic archai, or principles—divine, active reason (logos) and thick, passive matter (hulē)—are distinct and independent bodies. Because the principles are blended and because the allergy to colocation is so strong, scholars have minimized the distinctness or (what comes to the same) the corporeality of the two archai in various ways. Hylomorphic conceptions that reduce the archai to form and matter have been pressed into this service, but a second look at the texts reveals that logos is not a body because it is blended with matter, and matter does not have shape and size because it is blended with logos. Rather, each is an eternal, ungenerated, and independent body capable of both acting and being acted upon in its own right, though the one is of a divine, agential, and rational nature while the other is slack and dumb.
Time
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 11 tackles the thorny topic of time, arguing that time depends for its subsistence on the world’s motion and that even with the everlasting recurrence of the same world order, time for the Stoics is linear rather than circular; thus, recurrence is not incoherent, and time is not independent. The chapter also tackles a nest of puzzles about the present. These puzzles, which arise due to the continuous nature of time, being infinitely divisible without reaching minimum times, are considered a real threat to the reality of time: if every part of time is itself part past and part future, then nothing can remain of the present or, therefore, of time. However, the speciousness of the present (as a limit of time imposed by us) does not lead to the unreality of time, because as a continuum time is not composed of individual times.
Concepts
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 15 returns to the Stoic ontology, arguing against the nearly universal view that there is a further class of entities, Not-Somethings (outina), in metaphysical limbo between Something and nothing at all. Having accommodated geometrical limits and creatures of fiction in the class of Something that is neither corporeal nor incorporeal, the only candidate left to sustain the class of Not-Something is concepts (ennoēmata). This chapter walks concepts right out of the ontology, without danger to their dialectical duties. It’s not that we can’t talk about concepts, or that they can’t play their roles as genus and species and the objects of definition, but that concepts do not meet the ontological criterion for being Something. In particular, while they are grounded in body, they are not sufficiently public to be proper objects of thought and discourse. Therefore, concepts are not Something, and there are no Not-Somethings.
Introduction
Authors: Buzan Barry , Falkner Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The chapter introduces the main purpose and themes of the book. It highlights the lack of engagement between the English School of International Relations and International Political Economy and suggests how the gap between them can be bridged. The two major aims of the book are: to establish the market as a primary institution of global international society; and to trace its emergence and fluctuating fortunes from the nineteenth century until today. The chapter ends with two injunctions. The first is to the English School, to incorporate the market, and the economic sector into its scheme of modern primary institutions. The second is to International Political Economy to take on board the distinction between primary and secondary institutions, which allows us to analyse the evolution of the global economy as part of the wider international structure of global international society. The chapter ends with an overview of the book.
1914–45: Existential Crisis
Authors: Buzan Barry , Falkner Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses the market’s first collapse during the period 1914–45. Following the outbreak of World War I, the market did not disappear as a primary institution, but it was severely rolled back in intellectual influence and economic practice. The chapter demonstrates how adversarial balancing in international society worked powerfully against the market, and how the market norm was rejected in many places in favour of economic nationalism, neo-mercantilism, and state planning. This very quick and dramatic reversal of fortune for the market demonstrated how much its practical and intellectual influence depended on conditions framed by other primary institutions. The market could only function when international political conditions permitted it. By itself, it seemed incapable of sustaining the political conditions necessary to its own operation. As this chapter shows, the market required peace more than it sustained it.
1945–73: The Market Half Restored
Authors: Buzan Barry , Falkner Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter charts the re-emergence of the market as an institution of global international society in the post-1945 era, a period when the Cold War replaced imperial blocs, economic policy shifted towards greater state intervention, macro-economic steering, and social welfare spending, and decolonization tripled the membership of GIS. It shows how Western powers sought to restore market principles in international economic exchange while buttressing governments’ domestic policy autonomy on welfare. Outside the Western world, the socialist bloc of countries espoused a command-economy model in opposition to market ideology and global market integration, while many developing countries adopted state-led developmental models that also marginalized the market norm. The international political economy of the immediate post-1945 period was thus not globally integrated but fractured into competing spheres of influence.
2008–23: Crisis in the Global Market and the Search for a New Balance among Primary Institutions
Authors: Buzan Barry , Falkner Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the story of the market as an institution of global international society during the post-2007 phase that has been shaped by the global financial crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic. It shows how both crises brought an end to the three-decade political hegemony of market ideology, opening the way to a revival of economic nationalism and more statist approaches to economic management. Market ideology suffered heavy blows both from the depth and extent of the economic crisis, and from the vulnerabilities of supply exposed by the Covid pandemic. The chapter shows, however, that neither the practice nor the ideology of the market is anywhere near dead, and the shadows of the previous four phases all loom large over the future. What is new in the twenty-first century is the growing realization that the global market and continuous economic expansion are constrained by ever tighter ecological boundaries.
What, Then, Does Account for the Intuition of Distinctness?
Authors: Melnyk Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter proposes and elaborates a novel explanation, consistent with physicalism (or materialism), of how the intuition of distinctness arises in us. We experience the intuition of distinctness when, for example, we attend introspectively to the phenomenal redness of a current visual sensation, and it seems to us that that very property could not literally be a physical property of neural activity in our brain. The explanation proposes that our introspection of phenomenal properties (or qualia) is in a certain way conceptually encapsulated. Introspective beliefs are constructed out of a limited repertoire of concepts, which can perhaps be expanded, but not expanded to include concepts that we acquire as a result of perception or of learning scientific vocabulary. So though introspection delivers beliefs that our sensations have phenomenal properties, it cannot deliver representations of our sensations as having physical properties, even if phenomenal properties in fact are physical properties. This limitation on introspection turns out to mean that we are unable to do something that we can do in the case of every other kind of identity claim that we believe or entertain. As a result, we can neither believe nor even imagine believing that a phenomenal property, conceived in the special way made possible by introspection, is the very same thing as a physical or a physically realized functional property.
STRsensor: a computationally efficient method for STR allele-typing from massively parallel sequencing data
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Ji Xianchao , Wang Lingxiang , Chi Lianjiang , Li Chengtao , Wen Shaoqing , Chen Hua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Short tandem repeats (STRs) represent one of the most polymorphic variations in the human genome, finding extensive applications in forensics, population genetics and medical genetics. In contrast to the traditional capillary electrophoresis (CE) method, genotyping STRs using massive parallel sequencing technology offers enhanced sensitivity and accuracy. However, current methods are mainly designed for target sequencing with higher coverage for a specific STR locus, thereby constraining the utility of STRs in low- and medium-coverage whole genome sequencing (WGS) data. Here, we introduce STRsensor, a method designed to type STR alleles in low-coverage WGS data and target sequencing data, achieving a significant high detection ratio and accuracy. STRsensor employs two methods for STR allele-typing: the Kmers-based method and the CIGAR-based method. Furthermore, by incorporating a model for PCR stutters, STRsensor greatly enhances the accuracy of STR allele typing. With simulation data, we demonstrate that STRsensor achieves a detection ratio of 100$\%$ and an accuracy of 99.37$\%$ for a 30$\times $ WGS data, outperforming the existing methods, such as STRait Razor, STRinNGS, and HipSTR. When applied to real target sequencing data from 687 individuals, STRsensor achieves a detection ratio of 99.64$\%$ and an accuracy of 99.99$\%$. Moreover, STRsensor is a computationally efficient method that runs 79 times faster than HipSTR and 10 000 times faster than STRinNGS. STRsensor is freely available on GitHub: https://github.com/ChenHuaLab/STRsensor.
Improving randomized controlled trial analysis via data-adaptive borrowing
Authors: Gao Chenyin , Yang Shu , Shan Mingyang , Y E Wenyu , Lipkovich Ilya , Faries Douglas 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
In recent years, real-world external controls have grown in popularity as a tool to empower randomized placebo-controlled trials, particularly in rare diseases or cases where balanced randomization is unethical or impractical. However, as external controls are not always comparable to the trials, direct borrowing without scrutiny may heavily bias the treatment effect estimator. Our paper proposes a data-adaptive integrative framework capable of preventing unknown biases of the external controls. The adaptive nature is achieved by dynamically sorting out a comparable subset of the external controls via bias penalization. Our proposed method can simultaneously achieve (a) the semiparametric efficiency bound when the external controls are comparable and (b) selective borrowing that mitigates the impact of the existence of incomparable external controls. Furthermore, we establish statistical guarantees, including consistency, asymptotic distribution, and inference, providing type-I error control and good power. Extensive simulations and two real-data applications show that the proposed method leads to improved performance over the trial-only estimator across various bias-generating scenarios.
Effect of Compression Ratio and Hydrogen Addition on Performance and Different Phases of Hydrogen/Diesel Combustion in RCCI Engine
Authors: Joseph Mukul , Ismail Saleel , Jothi T J Sarvoththama 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Reactivity controlled compression ignition engines use a minimum of two fuels with dissimilar reactivities. The current experimental study examined the effects of compression ratio, hydrogen flow rate, and load on performance, knocking tendency, emissions, and different phases of co-combustion in a hydrogen-diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition engine employing conventional diesel in-cylinder injection and hydrogen induction into the manifold, which reduces the system cost. A constant-speed stationary engine was selected for this study because it has rarely been studied. Compared to the existing literature, wider ranges of hydrogen flow rates (up to 30 slpm) and compression ratios (15–20) were investigated in this study. The results indicate that the maximum brake thermal efficiency was obtained at low hydrogen flow rates (3–5 slpm). Under part-load conditions, the maximum heat release rate and cylinder pressure decreased with an increase in the hydrogen flow rate. At high loads and high compression ratios, a second peak was observed in the heat release curve, the magnitude of which increased with the hydrogen flow rate owing to H2+air premixed combustion. The knocking tendency increased with an increase in the hydrogen flow rate and decrease in the compression ratio. These findings can potentially help in identifying the best operating conditions for stationary constant-speed compression ignition engines adapted for H2-diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition operations, as these engines find wide application in rural economies for powering electric generators, water pumps, and agricultural equipment.
Comprehensive Strategies for Paclitaxel Production: Insights from Plant Cell Culture, Endophytic Microorganisms, and Synthetic Biology
Authors: Yin Jia-Yuan , Lai Meng , Yu Xiao-Ying , Su Ding-Ding , Xiong Xing-Yao , Li Yan-Lin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Taxus L., an important ornamental, economic, and medicinal plant, is renowned for producing paclitaxel (Taxol®), a potent chemotherapeutic agent. The biosynthesis of paclitaxel involves intricate biosynthetic pathways, spanning multiple enzymatic steps. Despite advances, challenges remain in optimizing production methods. Microorganisms, particularly endophytic fungi, show potential in producing paclitaxel, though with limitations in yield and stability. The suspension culture of Taxus cells is a promising alternative, offering sustainable production, yet it requires further genetic and environmental optimization. Recent advancements in synthetic biology have enabled partial reconstitution of paclitaxel pathways in microbial and plant chassis. However, achieving complete biosynthesis remains an ongoing challenge. This review consolidates recent progress in paclitaxel biosynthesis, highlighting current limitations and future prospects for industrial-scale production.
Estimating the effect of pre-exposure prophylaxis in Black men who have sex with men
Authors: Meisner Allison , Xia Fan , Chan Kwun C G , Mayer Kenneth , Wheeler Darrell , Zangeneh Sahar , Donnell Deborah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately burdened by the HIV epidemic in the USA. The effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing HIV infection has been demonstrated through randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials in several populations. Importantly, no such trial has been conducted exclusively among Black MSM in the USA, and it would be unethical and infeasible to do so now.

Methods
To estimate the causal effects of PrEP access, initiation, and adherence on HIV risk, we utilized causal inference methods to combine data from two non-randomized studies that exclusively enrolled Black MSM.

Results
The estimated relative risks of HIV were: (i) 0.52 (95% confidence interval: 0.21, 1.22) for individuals with versus without PrEP access, (ii) 0.48 (0.12, 0.89) for individuals who initiated PrEP but were not adherent versus those who did not initiate, and (iii) 0.23 (0.02, 0.80) for individuals who were adherent to PrEP versus those who did not initiate.

Conclusion
Beyond addressing the knowledge gap around the effect of PrEP in Black MSM in the USA, which may have ramifications for public health, we have provided a framework to combine data from multiple non-randomized studies to estimate causal effects, which has broad utility.
Effects of microplastics on daphnia-associated microbiomes in situ and in vitro
Authors: Krzynowek Anna , Van de Moortel Broos , Pichler Nikola , Vanoverberghe Isabel , Lapere Johanna , Jenisch Liliana M , Deloof Daphné , Thielemans Wim , Muylaert Koenraad , Dusselier Michiel , Springael Dirk , Faust Karoline , Decaestecker Ellen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Microplastic pollution in aquatic environments is a growing global concern. Microplastics, defined as plastic fragments smaller than five millimetres, accumulate in freshwater reservoirs, especially in urban areas, impacting resident biota. This study examined the effects of microplastics on the performance and microbiome of Daphnia, a keystone organism in freshwater ecosystems, through both in situ sampling of freshwater ponds and a controlled 23-day in vitro exposure experiment. Using bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing and whole-genome shotgun sequencing, we analyzed the microbiome's composition and functional capacity in relation to microplastic pollution levels. Urban ponds contained higher microplastic concentrations in water and sediment than natural ponds, with distinct differences in plastic composition. Bacterioplankton communities defined as bacterial assemblages in the water column, were more diverse and richer than Daphnia-associated microbiomes. Overall, the in situ study showed that the composition of the Daphnia-associated community was influenced by many factors including microplastic levels but also temperature and redox potential. Functional analysis showed increased relative abundances of polyethylene terephthalate degradation enzymes and antibiotic resistance genes in microbiomes from high-microplastic ponds. In the in vitro experiment, the bacterioplankton inoculum source significantly influenced Daphnia survival and microbiome composition. Network analysis identified specific taxa associated with microplastics within the Daphnia microbiome. Our findings highlight that urbanisation leads to higher microplastic and antibiotic resistance gene burdens, influencing host-associated microbiomes through taxonomic shifts, functional enrichment, and survival outcomes, with potential implications for the resilience of aquatic ecosystems.