bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of health-oriented leadership interventions for the improvement of mental health of employees in the health care sector: a systematic review
Authors: Stuber Felicitas , Seifried-Dübon Tanja , Rieger Monika A. , Gündel Harald , Ruhle Sascha , Zipfel Stephan , Junne Florian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
An increasing prevalence of work-related stress and employees’ mental health impairments in the health care sector calls for preventive actions. A significant factor in the workplace that is thought to influence employees’ mental health is leadership behavior. Hence, effective leadership interventions to foster employees’ (leaders’ and staff members’) mental health might be an important measure to address this pressing issue.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA statement (Liberati et al. 2009) and systematically searched the following databases: PubMed (PMC), Web of Science, PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), EconLit (EBSCOhost), and Business Source Premier (EBSCOhost). In addition, we performed a hand search of the reference lists of relevant articles. We included studies investigating leadership interventions in the health care sector that aimed to maintain/foster employees’ mental health.

Results
The systematic search produced 11,221 initial search hits in relevant databases. After the screening process and additional literature search, seven studies were deemed eligible according to the inclusion criteria. All studies showed at least a moderate global validity and four of the included studies showed statistically significant improvements of mental health as a result of the leadership interventions.

Conclusions
Based on the findings, leadership interventions with reflective and interactive parts in group settings at several seminar days seem to be the most promising strategy to address mental health in health care employees. As the available evidence is limited, efforts to design and scientifically evaluate such interventions should be extended.
National oral health survey on refugees in Germany 2016/2017: caries and subsequent complications
Authors: Al-Ani A. , Takriti M. , Schmoeckel J. , Alkilzy M. , Splieth C. H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To assess oral health, caries prevalence, and subsequent complications among recently arrived refugees in Germany and to compare these findings with the German resident population.

Methods
This multicenter cross-sectional study recruited 544 refugees aged 3–75+ years; they were examined at ten registration institutions in four federal states in Germany by two calibrated dentists. The refugees were screened for caries (dmft/DMFT) and its complications (pufa/PUFA); this data was compared to the resident population via the representative national oral health surveys).

Results
The deciduous dentition of the 3-year-old refugees had a mean dmft value of 2.62 ± 3.6 compared with 0.48 dmft in the German resident population, and caries increased to 5.22 ± 3.4 for 6–7-year-olds (Germany: 1.73 dmft). Few refugee children had naturally healthy teeth (7% in 6–7-year-olds, Germany: 56%). In the permanent dentition, the gap in caries prevalence between refugees and the German population decreased with age (35–44-year-olds: 10.55 ± 7.1 DMFT; Germany: 11.2), but refugees exhibited more caries defects (35–44-year-olds DT = 3.13 ± 3.0; Germany: 0.5). German residents had more restorations (35–44-year-olds FT = 4.21 ± 4.6). Regarding complications, the 6–7-year-olds exhibited the highest pufa index (0.86 ± 1.4) which decreased in adolescence (13–17-year-olds, 0.18 ± 0.6) and increased in adults (45–64-year-olds, 0.45 ± 0.8).

Conclusion
The refugees had high caries experience, often untreated caries teeth and more complications compared with the German resident population, especially in children. Closing this gap by extending preventive systems to the refugees would decrease future treatment needs.

Clinical relevance
European countries should be prepared for the higher dental treatment needs in recent refugees, especially in children.
Cardiovascular Biomarkers’ Inherent Timescales in Mental Workload Assessment During Simulated Air Traffic Control Tasks
Authors: Radüntz Thea , Mühlhausen Thorsten , Freyer Marion , Fürstenau Norbert , Meffert Beate 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne central topic in ergonomics and human-factors research is the assessment of mental workload. Heart rate and heart rate variability are common for registering mental workload. However, a major problem of workload assessment is the dissociation among different workload measures. One potential reason could be the disregard of their inherent timescales and the interrelation between participants’ individual differences and timescales. The aim of our study was to determine if different cardiovascular biomarkers exhibit different timescales. We focused on air traffic controller and investigated biomarkers’ ability to distinguish between conditions with different load levels connected to prior work experience and different time slots. During an interactive real-time simulation, we varied the load situations with two independent variables: the traffic volume and the occurrence of a priority-flight request. Dependent variables for registering mental workload were the heart rate and heart rate variability from two time slots. Our results show that all cardiovascular biomarkers were sensitive to workload differences with different inherent timescales. The heart rate responded sooner than the heart rate variability features from the frequency domain and it was most indicative during the time slot immediately after the priority-flight request. The heart rate variability parameters from the frequency domain responded with latency and were most indicative during the subsequent time slot. Furthermore, by consideration of biomarkers’ inherent timescales, we were able to assess a significant effect of work experience on heart rate and mid/high frequency-band ratio of the heart rate variability. Results indicated that different cardiovascular biomarkers reveal different inherent timescales.
Exercise cardiovascular magnetic resonance: feasibility and development of biventricular function and great vessel flow assessment, during continuous exercise accelerated by Compressed SENSE: preliminary results in healthy volunteers
Authors: Craven Thomas P. , Jex Nicholas , Chew Pei G. , Higgins David M. , Bissell Malenka M. , Brown Louise A. E. , Saunderson Christopher E. D. , Das Arka , Chowdhary Amrit , Dall’Armellina Erica , Levelt Eylem , Swoboda Peter P. , Plein Sven , Greenwood John P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Exercise cardiovascular magnetic resonance (Ex-CMR) typically requires complex post-processing or transient exercise cessation, decreasing clinical utility. We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of assessing biventricular volumes and great vessel flow during continuous in-scanner Ex-CMR, using vendor provided Compressed SENSE (C-SENSE) sequences and commercial analysis software (Cvi42).

Methods
12 healthy volunteers (8-male, age: 35 ± 9 years) underwent continuous supine cycle ergometer (Lode-BV) Ex-CMR (1.5T Philips, Ingenia). Free-breathing, respiratory navigated C-SENSE short-axis cines and aortic/pulmonary phase contrast magnetic resonance (PCMR) sequences were validated against clinical sequences at rest and used during low and moderate intensity Ex-CMR. Optimal PCMR C-SENSE acceleration, C-SENSE-3 (CS3) vs C-SENSE-6 (CS6), was further investigated by image quality scoring. Intra-and inter-operator reproducibility of biventricular and flow indices was performed.

Results
All CS3 PCMR image quality scores were superior (p < 0.05) to CS6 sequences, except pulmonary PCMR at moderate exercise. Resting stroke volumes from clinical PCMR sequences correlated stronger with CS3 than CS6 sequences. Resting biventricular volumes from CS3 and clinical sequences correlated very strongly (r > 0.93). During Ex-CMR, biventricular end-diastolic volumes (EDV) remained unchanged, except right-ventricular EDV decreasing at moderate exercise. Biventricular ejection-fractions increased at each stage. Exercise biventricular cine and PCMR stroke volumes correlated very strongly (r ≥ 0.9), demonstrating internal validity. Intra-observer reproducibility was excellent, co-efficient of variance (COV) < 10%. Inter-observer reproducibility was excellent, except for resting right-ventricular, and exercise bi-ventricular end-systolic volumes which were good (COV 10–20%).

Conclusion
Biventricular function, aortic and pulmonary flow assessment during continuous Ex-CMR using CS3 sequences is feasible, reproducible and analysable using commercially available software.
The hemoglobin Gly16β1Asp polymorphism in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is differentially distributed across European populations
Authors: Andersen Øivind , Rubiolo Juan Andrés , De Rosa Maria Cristina , Martinez Paulino 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTurbot is an important flatfish widely distributed along the European coasts, whose fishery is centered in the North Sea. The commercial value of the species has boosted a successful aquaculture sector in Europe and China. Body growth is the main target of turbot breeding programs and is also a key trait related to local adaptation to temperature and salinity. Differences in growth rate and optimal growth temperature in turbot have been shown to be associated with a hemoglobin polymorphism reported more than 50 years ago. Here, we identified a Gly16Asp amino acid substitution in the β1 globin subunit by searching for genetic variation in the five functional globin genes within the whole annotated turbot genome. We predicted increased stability of the turbot hemoglobin by the replacement of the conserved Gly with the negative charged Asp residue that is consistent with the higher rate of αβ dimer assembly in the human J-Baltimore Gly16β->Asp mutant than in normal HbA. The turbot Hbβ1-Gly16 variant dominated in the northern populations examined, particularly in the Baltic Sea, while the Asp allele showed elevated frequencies in southern populations and was the prevalent variant in the Adriatic Sea. Body weight did not associate with the Hbβ1 genotypes at farming conditions (i.e., high oxygen levels, feeding ad libitum) after analyzing 90 fish with high growth dispersal from nine turbot families. Nevertheless, all data at hand suggest that the turbot hemoglobin polymorphism has an adaptive significance in the variable wild conditions regarding temperature and oxygen availability.
Ex situ and in situ conservation gap analysis of crop wild relative diversity in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East
Authors: Zair Wathek , Maxted Nigel , Brehm Joana Magos , Amri Ahmed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWRs) are important reservoirs of adaptive traits for crop breeding programmes. Both ex situ and in situ conservation approaches should be deployed to ensure CWR availability for use. This paper aims to (a) create a regional database of occurrence records for the 441 priority CWRs in the Fertile Crescent, (b) identify CWR-rich areas in the Fertile Crescent, (c) recommend locations to implement genetic reserves intended for CWRs active in situ conservation and (d) undertake ex situ and in situ conservation gap analyses. The study area comprises Jordan, Syria, Palestine/Israel, Lebanon, Turkey and Iraq. Occurrence records of the 441 priority CWR within the Fertile Crescent were gathered from herbaria, gene banks and online databases. Gaps in the current ex situ and in situ conservation were identified. Hotspots of CWR diversity were identified, and complementary analysis was carried out to identify areas for in situ conservation using DIVA-GIS. Then proposed genetic reserves were compared with the existing protected areas to establish genetic reserve areas whether within or outside the protected areas. A total of 23,878 occurrence records were collated for 441 CWR priorities. The first priority grid square is located in Syria near Tal Kalakh City, close to the Lebanese border from the north. The second priority site is located in Turkey’s Izmir Province near Kemal Atatürk Mahallesi. The third priority site is located in Turkey’s Sahinbey/Gaziantep Province. The ex situ gap analysis revealed that of the 441 taxa, 134 (30%) CWRs are totally absent from the current gene banks collections. Only 307 (70%) CWRs are represented in gene banks, and, of these taxa, 252 (57%) of them have less than 10 accessions in gene banks. A total of 353 taxa were categorised as a high priority for collection and conservation; 23 taxa were categorised as a medium priority and 41 taxa as a low priority. However, 24 taxa were identified that did not require urgent collection (see Supplementary Table 7). The most important areas for a further collection of ex situ conservation are located in the west and south of Turkey across the Mediterranean seashore, north of Lebanon and west of Syria (in Lattakia and Tartus Governorate), across the border between Turkey and Syria and northern Iraq. Ten genetic reserves are recommended in the Fertile Crescent for CWR conservation. The results and methods used will help meet the conservation targets of CWR in the Fertile Crescent; they will also help achieve global food security.
Genetic diversity and differentiation of Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. & G.Don) Cif. in the Hajar Mountains of Oman
Authors: Habib Nourin Ahosan , Müller Markus , Gailing Oliver , Patzelt Annette , Al Issai Ghudaina , Krutovsky Konstantin V. , Wiehle Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOlea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. & G. Don) Cif. is one of the six subspecies important for domestication of olive described as having valuable breeding traits. It is distributed from South Africa to the Middle East and the Mediterranean region to China mainly at mid to high altitudes with adequate precipitation. The currently rather fragmented Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata populations likely represent outposts of a formerly larger and more connected area and are hence vulnerable to additional stresses such as erratic weather extremes and anthropogenic influences. This may result in further fragmentation of stands, shifts in demography, increased clonal growth, lower genetic diversity, and higher differentiation between olive stands. In this study, we present data on Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata growing in the Hajar Mountains, Sultanate of Oman, a large area subjected to many anthropogenic disturbances. We used dendrological traits and genetic parameters to infer its stand and population genetic structure, levels of genetic diversity, and differentiation. To accomplish this, 366 individual trees in total were inventoried and 188 of them genotyped using 12 microsatellite markers. Dendrological measures indicated disturbances mainly due to human activities. Height and crown area of individuals averaged 3.7 m (ranging from 0.2 to 12 m) and 14 m (ranging from 1 to 18 m), respectively. The stand conditional index was mainly 50%. The identified genetic variation within the sampled areas was relatively moderate. The expected and observed heterozygosity equalled 0.55–0.58 and 0.62–0.64, respectively. All individual genotypes were unique indicating the absence of clones. Though significant genetic differentiation was found, there was no evidence of population substructure suggesting effective pollen and long-distance seed dispersal in the past. However, changes in gene flow patterns may be reflected in the next (sibling) generation. Further studies are necessary to detect any changes in the future and to develop sustainable conservation strategies for this species.
The Expression of Success: Are Thin-Slices of Pre-performance Nonverbal Behavior Prior to Throwing Darts Predictive of Performance in Professional Darts?
Authors: Furley Philip , Memmert Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present research attempted to test how skilled people are at predicting perceptual-motor performance of professional darts players based on short observations of pre-performance nonverbal behavior. In four thin-slices experiments (totalN = 490) we randomly sampled stimulus material from the 2017 World Championships of Darts showing short video recordings of the players immediately before throwing darts. Participants were asked to estimate the points scored for the respective throws. Results across four experiments, all of which were successfully replicated in direct replication attempts, supported the hypothesis that pre-performance nonverbal behavior of professional darts players gives valid information to observers about subsequent performance tendencies. The present research is the first to show that highly skilled individuals seem to display nonverbal cues that observers can pick up to draw inferences about how these individuals are likely to perform.
Balancing International Police Cooperation: INTERPOL and the Undesirable Trade-off Between Rights of Individuals and Global Security
Authors: Calcara Giulio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith 194 members, INTERPOL is the most influential actor in matters of transnational policing. Regrettably, the organisation is vulnerable against cases of misuse. Certain states manage to exploit the tools of the organisation, to persecute and track political dissidents or non-aligned members of the media outside their borders. As such, INTERPOL has become a prime example on how non-democratic countries can exert their influence and expand their reach well beyond their domestic jurisdictions via their participation in international organisations. Not wanting to allow the proliferation of criminal havens in certain regions, the organisation has opted to connect with and bring together as many police forces of different states as possible. Evidently, such connections are created with little or no consideration of the state of criminal justice systems and forms of government of the countries involved, as well as any subsequent risks. Such a complex state of affairs demands a thorough reflection on whether it is acceptable to compromise between the need for security and the rights of individuals and procedural justice. The issue has vast legal and practical ramifications, and it is ultimately a question pertaining to the realm of global constitutionalism. Does INTERPOL have the legal authority to be in charge of finding a balance between security and procedural justice? If so, on what legal basis, and to what extent?
Leading digital transformation through an Agile Marketing Capability: the case of Spotahome
Authors: Moi Ludovica , Cabiddu Francesca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractScholars and practitioners both acknowledge that agility is crucial in leading a digital transformation effort. However, empirical and theoretical research on agile capabilities in an international digital marketing setting is severely lacking. Drawing on qualitative research design methods, this exploratory single-case study involving the international digital firm Spotahome provides an empirical and theoretical investigation of a new marketing capability we define as anAgile Marketing Capability. We identify its key theoretical dimensions and provide empirical guidelines to facilitate its implementation. This study has important implications for international marketing managers, suggesting what strategic actions are needed to deploy agile practices in their marketing strategies and processes from a practical perspective, in the context of an Agile Marketing Capability.
An operational construction of the sum of two non-commuting observables in quantum theory and related constructions
Authors: Drago Nicolò , Mazzucchi Sonia , Moretti Valter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe existence of a real linear space structure on the set of observables of a quantum system—i.e., the requirement that the linear combination of two generally non-commuting observables A, B is an observable as well—is a fundamental postulate of the quantum theory yet before introducing any structure of algebra. However, it is by no means clear how to choose the measuring instrument of a general observable of the form $$aA+bB$$

a
A
+
b
B

($$a,b\in {{\mathbb {R}}}$$

a
,
b
∈
R

) if such measuring instruments are given for the addends observables A and B when they are incompatible observables. A mathematical version of this dilemma is how to construct the spectral measure of $$f(aA+bB)$$

f
(
a
A
+
b
B
)

out of the spectral measures of A and B. We present such a construction with a formula which is valid for general unbounded self-adjoint operators A and B, whose spectral measures may not commute, and a wide class of functions $$f: {{\mathbb {R}}}\rightarrow {{\mathbb {C}}}$$

f
:
R
→
C

. In the bounded case, we prove that the Jordan product of A and B (and suitably symmetrized polynomials of A and B) can be constructed with the same procedure out of the spectral measures of A and B. The formula turns out to have an interesting operational interpretation and, in particular cases, a nice interplay with the theory of Feynman path integration and the Feynman–Kac formula.
Healthcare utilization and costs among prolactinoma patients: a cross-sectional study and analysis of determinants
Authors: van der Meulen Merel , Zamanipoor Najafabadi Amir H. , Lobatto Daniel J. , van den Hout Wilbert B. , Andela Cornelie D. , Zandbergen Ingrid M. , Pereira Alberto M. , van Furth Wouter R. , Vliet Vlieland Thea P. M. , Biermasz Nienke R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Prolactinomas are the most prevalent functioning pituitary adenomas. They affect gonadal function as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to report healthcare utilization and costs, including their determinants, for prolactinoma patients.

Methods
Cross-sectional study of 116 adult prolactinoma patients in chronic care in a Dutch tertiary referral center. Patients completed four validated questionnaires, assessing healthcare utilization and costs over the previous 12 months (Medical Consumption Questionnaire), disease bother and needs (Leiden Bother and Needs Questionnaire Pituitary), HRQoL (Short Form-36), and self-reported health status (EuroQol 5D). Regression analyses were used to assess associations between disease-related characteristics and healthcare utilization and costs.

Results
Mean age was 52.0 years (SD 13.7) and median follow-up was 15.0 years (IQR 7.6–26.1). Patients visited the endocrinologist (86.2%), general practitioner (37.9%), and ophthalmologist (25.0%) most frequently. Psychological care was used by 12.9% of patients and 5% were admitted to hospital. Mean annual healthcare costs were €1928 (SD 3319), mainly for pituitary-specific medication (37.6% of total costs), hospitalization (19.4%) and specialist care (16.1%). Determinants for higher healthcare utilization and costs were greater disease bother and needs for support, lower HRQoL, elevated prolactin, and longer disease duration, while tumor size, hypopituitarism and adrenal insufficiency were not significantly associated with healthcare utilization and costs.

Conclusion
Healthcare utilization and costs of prolactinoma patients are related to patient-reported HRQoL, bother by disease and needs for support. Therefore, addressing patients’ HRQoL and needs is a way forward to improve efficiency of care and patients’ health status.