bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten best practices for taking experiential learning online
Authors: Cridland Caitlin , Drape Tiffany , Marine Sasha , Gillaspy Glenda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLike many institutions around the world, the COVID‐19 pandemic prompted us to shift our summer 2020 in‐person undergraduate experiential learning program to a remote, virtual format. Here, we present our observations, summarized in 10 best practices, for moving a STEM‐focused research experience for undergraduates, experiential learning program or research‐based course online. We will also discuss how our program was originally designed and implemented, and how we adapted our activities to deliver an at‐home research experience that maintained student engagement, mentorship, and a shared sense of community.
Mild hypothermia improves brain injury in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting IRAK2/NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Shi Hui , Su Zulu , Su Hai , Chen Hao , Zhang Yi , Cheng Yuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the effect of mild hypothermia on nerve injury by establishing a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and to clarify the specific molecular mechanism of mild hypothermia in improving brain injury in ICH rats.MethodsThe rat model of ICH was established by collagenase injection. The neurological deficit score (NDS), brain tissue water detection, and Nissl staining were applied to detect the degree of brain injury. ELISA was used to analyze the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and serum nerve injury indexes. Flow cytometry and Western Blot were used to detect neuronal apoptosis.ResultsMild hypothermia treatment significantly improved the brain injury of the ICH rats and down‐regulated the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the brain tissue. Moreover, mild hypothermia also effectively inhibited IRAK2/NF‐κB signaling pathway and thus affect neuronal apoptosis.ConclusionMild hypothermia alleviates inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting IRAK2/NF‐κB signaling pathway in the ICH rats thus improving brain injury.
Capacity building for cancer prevention and early detection in the Ugandan primary healthcare facilities: Working toward reducing the unmet needs of cancer control services
Authors: Jatho Alfred , Mugisha Noleb M. , Kafeero James , Holoya George , Okuku Fred , Niyonzima Nixon , Orem Jackson 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn 2018, approximately 60,000 Ugandans were estimated to be suffering from cancer. It was also reported that only 5% of cancer patients access cancer care and 77% present with late‐stage cancer coupled with low level of cancer health literacy in the population despite a wide coverage of primary healthcare facilities in Uganda. We aimed to contribute to reducing the unmet needs of cancer prevention and early detection services in Uganda through capacity building.MethodsIn 2017, we conducted two national and six regional cancer control stakeholders’ consultative meetings. In 2017 and 2018, we trained district primary healthcare teams on cancer prevention and early detection. We also developed cancer information materials for health workers and communities and conducted a follow‐up after the training.ResultsA total of 488 primary healthcare workers from 118 districts were trained. Forty‐six health workers in the pilot East‐central subregion were further trained in cervical, breast, and prostate cancer early detection (screening and early diagnosis) techniques. A total of 32,800 cancer information, education and communication materials; breast, cervical, prostate childhood and general cancer information booklets; health education guide, community cancer information flipcharts for village health teams and referral guidelines for suspected cancer were developed and distributed to 122 districts. Also, 16 public and private‐not‐for‐profit regional hospitals, and one training institution received these materials. Audiovisual clips on breast, cervical, and prostate cancer were developed for mass and social media dissemination. A follow‐up after six months to one year indicated that 75% of the districts had implemented at least one of the agreed actions proposed during the training.ConclusionsIn Uganda, the unmet needs for cancer control services are enormous. However, building the capacity of primary healthcare workers to integrate prevention and early detection of cancer into primary health care based on low‐cost options for low‐income countries could contribute to reducing the unmet needs of cancer prevention and early detection in Uganda.
Am I an activist, a volunteer, both, or neither? A study of role‐identity profiles and their correlates among citizens engaged with equality and social justice issues
Authors: Zlobina Anna , Dávila María Celeste , Mitina Olga V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractActivism and volunteering are two noticeable forms of social participation. Although some researchers consider them similar, others affirm that they differ in their frames (charity versus change), effects (cohesion versus tension), social representations, and also in their psychosocial correlates. Drawing on role‐identity theory, this study based on an on‐line survey explores the extent to which individuals (N = 270) engaged in activities focused on social justice and equality issues, self‐identify as activists and as volunteers. We predicted and found that based on prioritised goals, and ideological, motivational, or dispositional correlates activist role‐identity can be characterised as ‘system‐challenger’ and ‘true‐to‐the‐self’; meanwhile, volunteer role‐identity can be described as showing a ‘system‐fitting’ pattern. Cluster and subsequent discriminant analyses allowed us to study the variety of role‐identity profiles, and to differentiate five forms of engagement in terms of role‐identity and psychosocial variables that explain belonging to one or another type. These were ‘activists’, ‘volunteers’, ‘highly identified’, ‘undefined’, and ‘low role‐identity’. We did not find psychosocial evidence about the existence of the ‘transformative volunteers’ profile, suggested by some researchers and other studies. We rely on the identity and identity process theories in order to frame the study and interpret the results. Possible practical implications are discussed.
Exploitation of Intrinsic Confinement Effects of MOFs in Catalysis
Authors: Hemmer Karina , Cokoja Mirza , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn catalysis research the design of bio‐inspired,'artificial enzymes‘ is a field of huge interest. These catalysts are distinguished by their high catalytic efficiency resulting from a close proximity of several active sites and secondary substrate‐catalyst interactions enabled by functional groups in the catalytic pocket. A class of materials which meets these requirements are metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). Here, the pores confine a reaction environment where several functionalities can be incorporated and spatially positioned in a tunable fashion. Recently, a number of reports revealed the importance of such confinement effects for the control of catalytic activity and selectivity by exploiting the intrinsic properties like pore size and neighboring group effects and the alignment and distance of different active sites within one MOF pore. Thus, this concept aims to accentuate the potential of the exploitation of those effects in MOFs for the design of sophisticated catalysts.
Revealing the Specific Spatial Confinement in 8‐membered Ring Cage‐type Molecular Sieves via Solid‐state NMR and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Lou Caiyi , Zhang Wenna , Ma Chao , Fan Benhan , Xu Shutao , Gao Shushu , Guo Peng , Wei Yingxu , Liu Zhongmin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpatial confinement plays a significant role in selective adsorption and catalysis of molecular sieves. In this work, the adsorption behaviors of methanol in 8‐membered ring cage‐type molecular sieves DNL‐6 and SAPO‐42 were investigated by13C solid‐state NMR (ssNMR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Confinement‐induced spatial orientation of guest molecules in molecular sieves was revealed with considering both confined space and active centers. Confined space of double 8‐membered rings (D8R) in DNL‐6 favors the adsorption of methanol, accompanied by the methyl groups orientating to D8R space and the hydroxyl groups of methanol anchored by Brønsted acid site (BAS).
Computing Mass Transfer at Deformable Bubbles for High Schmidt Numbers
Authors: Weiner Andre , Gründing Dirk , Bothe Dieter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe occurrence of extremely thin liquid‐sided concentration boundary layers at bubble or droplet interfaces for realistic, i.e., high Schmidt numbers is a severe obstacle for the numerical simulation of mass transfer processes in gas‐liquid systems. This contribution provides a survey of different approaches to overcome this problem, with the main emphasis put on the approach introduced and further developed by the authors. This approach employs a nonlinear flux computation and is based on the modeling of subgrid‐scale concentration profiles. Based on the latest developments, recommendations for future research are also provided.
Dealing with noise in crowdsourced GPS human trajectory logging data
Authors: Adhinugraha Kiki , Rahayu Wenny , Hara Takahiro , Taniar David 
Published: December 2020

SummaryAs a crowdsourcing map platform, OpenStreetMap (OSM) relies on public contributions to enhance its dataset where the contributors can create, modify or remove features from the maps or share their trajectory trips in the repository. The majority of the data provided in a crowdsourcing platform are manually created and reviewed to suit real‐world conditions, hence human perception is the key indicator to consider the correctness of the data. One of the data that is provided by crowdsourcing platform is public trajectory. Public trajectory data contains details of historical trips obtained from contributors' GPS logger devices that are embedded in mobile devices, wearable devices, satnavs, or vehicle GPS trackers to record the user's trajectory path. While public trajectory data can be used as an alternate data source for human movement analysis, this crowdsourced dataset is also prone to noise and inaccuracy which makes the preprocessing step an important phase prior of any processing step. In this article, we discuss the characteristics and the most common noise from crowdsourcing GPS trajectories and utilize a non‐map‐matching approach convex hull‐based reduction method to minimize spike noise, followed by granularity reduction to reduce the number of trajectory points while maintaining the nature of the trajectories.
Attenuation properties of EM wave by magnetized nonuniform plasma slab coated on perfect conductor plane
Authors: Han Yong‐Su , Kim Yong‐Jun , Ri Myong‐Il , Kim Kyong‐Ho 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe total amplitude reflection coefficient of EM wave in a nonuniform plasma slab coated on perfect conductor plane is newly derived by using the scattering matrix method (SMM), and the attenuation is calculated. Three types of plasma electron density profile, that is the hyperbolic, sinusoidal, and linear profiles, are used. The external magnetic field and plasma parameters such as the maximum electron density and collision frequencies are discussed to calculate the attenuation of EM wave. The calculation results show that the plasma electron density profile and maximum electron density exert a large effect to the attenuation of EM wave and the attenuation under the uniform external magnetic field is taken place by the electron cyclotron resonance absorption, the up hybrid resonance absorption and geometric resonances absorption.
Synergistic protective effects between docosahexaenoic acid and omeprazole on the gastrointestinal tract in the indomethacin‐induced injury model
Authors: Sánchez‐Trigueros Martha Ivonne , Méndez‐Cruz Fidel , Pineda‐Peña Elizabeth Arlen , Rivera‐Espinoza Yadira , Castañeda‐Hernández Gilberto , Chávez‐Piña Aracely Evangelina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs due to their antipyretic, anti‐inflammatory, and analgesic properties. However, NSAIDs can cause adverse reactions, mainly gastrointestinal damage. Omeprazole (OMP) exhibits gastroprotective activity, but its protection is limited at the intestinal level. For this reason, it is essential to utilize a combination of therapies that provide fewer adverse effects, such as the combined treatment of OMP and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and gastroprotective activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological interaction between DHA and OMP in a murine model of indomethacin‐induced gastrointestinal damage. The gastroprotective and enteroprotective effects of DHA (0.3–10 mg/kg, p.o.), OMP (1–30 mg/kg, p.o.), or the combination treatment of both compounds (3–56.23 mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated in the indomethacin‐induced gastrointestinal damage model (30 mg/kg, p.o.). Since DHA and OMP exhibited a protective effect in a dose‐responsive fashion, the ED30 for each individual compound was determined and a 1:1 combination of DHA and OMP was tested. Isobolographic analysis was used to determine any pharmacodynamic interactions. Since the effective experimental dose ED30 (Zexp) of the combined treatment of DHA and OMP was lower than the theoretical additive dose (Zadd; p < .05) in both the stomach and small intestine their protective effects were considered synergistic. These results indicate that the synergistic protective effects from combined treatment of DHA and OMP could be ideal for mitigating damage generated by NSAIDs at the gastrointestinal level.
Nanoporous structured Sn‐MWCNT/Cu electrodes fabricated by electrodeposition–chemical dezincification for catalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Shao Xiaolin , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xurui , Yi Jin , Liu Yuyu , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: December 2020

SummaryA facile method is developed to fabricate nanoporous, structured, Sn‐based catalyst electrodes. Sn, Zn, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are co‐electrodeposited on a copper substrate, followed by chemical dezincification in NaOH aqueous solution to remove Zn. By controlling variables such as the contents of Zn and MWCNTs, a series of Sn‐MWCNT/Cu (SZMC) electrodes are fabricated. Experimental results show that using such novel SZMC electrodes can achieve a HCOO− Faradaic efficiency of over 91% at −0.99 V versus RHE for 10 hours in CO2‐saturated 0.5 M KHCO3 aqueous solution. The high performance is attributed to the addition of MWCNTs and Zn, followed by chemical dezincification to remove Zn and then create vacancies in the catalyst structure, which results in a special porous structure of SZMC with large surface area. Then ECSA is used for enhancing the catalytic activity and selectivity of HCOO− production, as well as promoting intermediate adsorption and mass transfer.
A modified Raupach's model applicable for shear‐stress partitioning on surfaces covered with dense and flat‐shaped gravel roughness elements
Authors: Li Huiru , Zou Xueyong , Zhang Mengcui , Kang Liqiang , Zhang Chunlai , Cheng Hong , Wu Xiaoxu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA commonly used measure to prevent soil wind erosion is to cover the surface with gravel. Gravel can inhibit soil erosion by covering the surface directly, changing the airflow field near the surface and sharing the shear stress of wind. Similar to other roughness elements, the protective effect of gravel on soil is usually expressed in terms of the ratio of the shear stress on the exposed soil surface to the total shear stress on the rough surface due to wind, i.e. through a shear‐stress partitioning model. However, the existing shear‐stress partitioning models, represented by Raupach's model (RM93), are only applicable when the lateral coverage of the roughness elements, λ < 0.10, and the applicability of the models to flat‐shaped roughness elements is unclear. The purpose of this study is to verify the applicability of RM93 for dense and flat‐shaped gravel roughness elements by using shear‐stress data from wind‐tunnel measurements pertaining to roughness elements with different densities (0.013 ≤ λ ≤ 0.318) and flat shapes (height‐to‐width ratios in the range 0.20 ≤ H/W ≤ 0.63), and to modify RM93 to enhance its predictive ability. The results indicate that RM93 cannot accurately predict the shear‐stress partitioning for surfaces covered by densely distributed and flat‐shaped gravel roughness elements. This phenomenon occurs because, when roughness elements are distributed densely or are flat‐shaped, the proportion of the shear stress on the top surface of the roughness elements (τc) to the total shear stress (τ) is large; in this case, τc plays a dominant role and serves as an essential component in the shear‐stress partitioning model. Consequently, RM93 is modified by incorporating τc into the calculation of τ. Under conditions of λ < 0.32 and H/W > 0.2, the modified RM93 can yield satisfactory predictions regarding the shear‐stress partitioning.
A Comparative Analysis of Analytical Techniques for Rapid Oil Spill Identification
Authors: Roman-Hubers Alina T. , McDonald Thomas J. , Baker Erin S. , Chiu Weihsueh A. , Rusyn Ivan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The complex chemical composition of crude oils presents many challenges for rapid chemical characterization in the case of a spill. A number of approaches are currently used to “fingerprint” petroleum-derived samples. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is the most common, albeit not very rapid, technique; however, with GC-MS alone, it is difficult to resolve the complex substances in crude oils. The present study examined the potential application of ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) coupled with chem-informatic analyses as an alternative high-throughput method for the chemical characterization of crude oils. We analyzed 19 crude oil samples from on- and offshore locations in the Gulf of Mexico region in the United States using both GC-MS (biomarkers, gasoline range hydrocarbons, and n-alkanes) and IMS-MS (untargeted analysis). Hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis, and nearest neighbor–based classification were used to examine sample similarity and geographical groupings. We found that direct-injection IMS-MS performed either equally or better than GC-MS in the classification of the origins of crude oils. In addition, IMS-MS greatly increased the sample analysis throughput (minutes vs hours per sample). Finally, a tabletop science-to-practice exercise, utilizing both the GC-MS and IMS-MS data, was conducted with emergency response experts from regulatory agencies and the oil industry. This activity showed that the stakeholders found the IMS-MS data to be highly informative for rapid chemical fingerprinting of complex substances in general and specifically advantageous for accurate and confident source-grouping of crude oils. Collectively, the present study shows the utility of IMS-MS as a technique for rapid fingerprinting of complex samples and demonstrates its advantages over traditional GC-MS-based analyses when used for decision-making in emergency situations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1034–1049. © 2020 SETAC
Nephrotoxic Effects Caused by Occupational Exposure to Agrochemicals in a Region of Northeastern Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Prudente Ivângela Raphaela Gouveia , Souza Bruna Rodrigues Silva , Nascimento Laranda de Carvalho , Gonçalves Vitória Shiévila dos Santos , Silva Danielle Soares da , Rabelo Thallita Kelly , Alves Oldegar , Santos Ana Cláudia , de Rezende Neto José Melquiades , Tavares Debora Dos Santos , Santos Márcio Bezerra , Barreto André Sales , Pereira Fabiano Alvim , Kaiser Cláudia Cristina , Guimarães Adriana Gibara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the renal function of rural workers in a city of northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 208 workers in Boquim, Sergipe, Brazil. Renal function markers and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were evaluated and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined. The sample consisted mainly of illiterate males with a low usage of personal protective equipment and no training. Approximately 40% had some level of renal failure. Relative risk (1.59) of GFR alteration was higher in workers with more than 5 yr of exposure, mainly to organophosphates. Workers more than 60 yr of age presented a 17.06 greater risk for manifesting acute intoxication. Butyrylcholinesterase reduction was associated with reports of intoxication (relative risk of 11.36). We concluded that exposure to pesticides represented a risk factor for the development of nephrotoxic effects and alteration of renal function, which reinforced the need to implement measures to protect rural workers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1132–1138. © 2020 SETAC
Are Vertebrates Still Needed in Routine Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing for Oil and Gas Discharges?
Authors: Hughes Sarah A. , Maloney Erin M. , Bejarano Adriana C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Routine whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing is commonly used to monitor effluent discharges for regulatory compliance in North America. However, the use of fish in WET testing raises ethical concerns and therefore an important question to be explored is whether invertebrates can be used to reduce and/or replace the need for vertebrate testing. The present study evaluated WET data collected for regulatory compliance between 2003 and 2019 (n = 2581 endpoints) from 20 different stationary onshore and offshore oil and gas facilities located across Canada and the United States. Our objective was to assess the relative sensitivity between vertebrates (i.e., fish) and invertebrates in paired samples and to evaluate trends in WET compliance. Despite the variability in testing endpoints, invertebrates displayed equal to or greater sensitivity to tested effluents than fish. For example, based on no-observed-effect concentrations for survival and growth, Americamysis bahia was found to be protective of Menidia beryllina in 90% of endpoint comparisons (n = 336). The results also indicated that regulatory compliance was high (94–100%), with most WET tests passing the established criteria by large margins (79–251%). The results of this comprehensive analysis of historical WET data can be used to improve future permit testing requirements and help answer the question of whether fish tests are needed for routine WET testing. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1255–1265. © 2020 Shell Oil Company. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Historical whole effluent toxicity (WET) data collected for effluent discharge permits from oil and gas facilities were compiled into a database and analyzed. The objective was to explore the relative sensitivities of vertebrate (fish) and invertebrate test organisms in WET tests and to understand performance of oil and gas effluent discharges over time against WET criteria. These data can be used to support discussions on whether there could be opportunities to optimize WET testing such as reduce routine WET testing using vertebrate organisms. M. beryllina = Menidia beryllina; A. bahia = Americamysis bahia; O. mykiss = Oncorhynchus mykiss; D. magna = Daphnia magna; P. promelas = Pimephales promelas; C. dubia = Ceriodaphnia dubia; D. pulex = Daphnia pulex.