bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Research Note on Relationships Between the Vertical Jump and Standing Broad Jump in Law Enforcement Recruits: Implications for Lower-Body Power Testing
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Moreno Mathew R. , Dawes J. Jay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lockie, RG, Moreno, MR, and Dawes, JJ. A research note on relationships between the vertical jump and standing broad jump in law enforcement recruits: implications for lower-body power testing. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2326–2329, 2022—Jump testing is often used to infer lower-body power in law enforcement recruits. The vertical jump (VJ) is most common, but can be equipment-intensive. The standing broad jump (SBJ) also provides a measure of lower-body power, requires less equipment, and could be practical for training staff with limited resources. There has been no analysis of the relationships between the VJ and SBJ in law enforcement recruits to ensure they measure similar qualities. This research note investigated the relationships between the VJ and SBJ in recruits from one agency. The sample included 71 men and 23 women who completed the VJ and SBJ before academy. Independent samples t-tests compared the sexes in both jump tests. Pearson's correlations calculated relationships between the VJ and SBJ variables (VJ height, height relative to body mass, peak power and power-to-body mass ratio calculated from VJ height; SBJ distance and distance relative to body mass) in all recruits combined, men, and women. Male recruits outperformed females in all absolute VJ and SBJ variables (p < 0.001), except for relative-to-body mass VJ and SBJ. There were large significant relationships between most jump variables for all recruits combined, men, and women (r = 0.371–0.684). Relative VJ and SBJ did not significantly relate (r = 0.123–0.203). There were generally strong relationships between the VJ and SBJ in recruits, although the relative data indicated some differences in qualities assessed by each jump. Nonetheless, training staff could use the SBJ as a lower-body absolute power indicator, especially with limited resources.
Effect of Rolling after Heat Treatment on Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility for High Strength Steel Fasteners
Authors: Saliby F. , Brahimi S. , Rajagopalan S. , Yue S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Steel fasteners comprising two different metallurgical structures were investigated for hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility by incremental step load testing. The metallurgical structures examined consisted of tempered martensite obtained by quenching and tempering and lower bainite obtained by austempering. It has been shown that lower bainite exhibits marginally lower HE susceptibility when tested under moderate hydrogen charging conditions (e.g., −1.0 V). At the most severe hydrogen charging potential of −1.2 V, both microstructures are equally embrittled. The current paper examines the effect of the sequence of the fabrication process, specifically the effect of rolling the threads before and after heat treatment (i.e., quenching and tempering or austempering). The results show irrespective of the metallurgical structure, rolling the threads after heat treatment causes a significant decrease in HE susceptibility. These findings are attributed to the presence of high dislocation density when thread rolling is performed on hardened parts as a final manufacturing step.
Simple HPLC method for rapid quantification of nicotine content in e-cigarettes liquids
Authors: Alhusban Ala A. , Ata Samah A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractElectronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDs) are gaining popularity in Jordan as alternatives to tobacco cigarettes with an estimation of 10% of tobacco smokers switching to ENDs. Since nicotine is toxic and highly addictive substance, it is important to develop and validate an easy and rapid analytical method to accurately measure nicotine level in e-liquids. A simple high performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection (HPLC–PDA) method was developed and validated for rapid determination of the actual nicotine content in 11 of the most popular e-liquids brands available in the Jordanian market and compared to the nicotine levels appeared in the labeled packaging. The new method of analysis showed an excellent linearity with correlation factor equal to 0.9994 with analytical range between 100 and 1,000 µg/mL, and Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantification (LOQ) of 32.6 µg/mL and 98.9 µg/mL, respectively. The results showed that the actual measured nicotine concentrations ranged from 0 to 25.81 mg/mL with percent deviation ranged from 63.1% less than to 3.24% more than the labeled concentration on packaging. And more than 10% deviation difference in actual nicotine concentrations versus labeled were found in 9 of the 11 e-liquid products (82%). In conclusion, nicotine labelling among e-liquids products have not accurately reflect the actual content which may have potential negative impact on users.
Financial Risk Management and the Avoidance Strategy in Corporate Financial Projects
Authors: Liu Yuxuan 
Published: September 2020

<p>With the rapid development of social economy, enterprises enter into an era with best opportunities for development, and are facing with great challenges at the same time. Especially in the current situation, it is important for enterprises to make careful decisions to avoid financial risks when carrying out financial projects. Based on this, this article, starting with the financial risks in corporate financial projects, scientifically divides financial risks into different types and puts forward specific strategies to avoid risks for reference.</p>
Variation Of Andrographolite Conten From Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness) Which Grow In Various Regions
Authors: JOKOPRIYAMBODO WAHYU 
Published: September 2020

Sambiloto is used as a hepatoprotector, enhancing the immune system, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiomalaria, antidiarrheal and many more. One of the main ingredients of the bitter plant is andrographolite. This plant is widely spread throughout Indonesia ranging from lowlands to high plains with various types of soil and altitude. The existence of this fairly wide distribution can give effect to the content of andrographolite, so that in this study will be studied about variations in andrographolite levels source from various regions. The results of this study will be used as a quality reference for treatment based on andrographolite. Samples of bitter plants are taken from various regions. Furthermore, parts of plants that are above the ground are separated between leaves, twigs and stems. All samples were dried in an oven at 60 degrees Celsius. Pollinated samples were then sieved. Samples were extracted with ethanol overnight and then analyzed their andrographolite levels with TLC-densitometry.The results of the analysis of andrographolite levels showed that bitter from various regions have different levels. Tthe organs of plants also show different levels of andrographolite as well. Part of the leaf organ is the part that contains the most andrographolite.
Aktivitas Perdagangan dan Perkembangan Islam Pada Masa Sriwijaya Pada Abad VII-IX Masehi
Authors: Berkah Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

Perdangangan adalah salah satu bentuk interaksi sosial yang menjadi awal muara terbentuknya sistem ekonomi suatu Negeri. “ Aktivitas Perdagangan dan Perkembangan Islam Pada Masa Sriwijaya” adalah salah satu topik yang melatar belakangi penelitian ini, Sriwijaya menjadi pengendali jalur perdagangan antara India, Tiongkok dan Arab, yakni dengan penguasaan atas Selat Malaka dan Selat Sunda. Orang Arab mencatat bahwa Sriwijaya memiliki aneka komoditas seperti kapur barus, kayu gaharu, cengkeh, pala, kapulaga, gading, emas, dan timah, yang membuat raja Sriwijaya sekaya raja-raja di India. Kekayaan yang melimpah ini telah memungkinkan Sriwijaya membeli kesetiaan dari vassal-vassal-nya di seluruh Asia Tenggara. Dengan berperan sebagai entreport atau pelabuhan utama di Asia Tenggara, dengan mendapatkan restu, persetujuan, dan perlindungan dari Kaisar China untuk dapat berdagang dengan Tiongkok, Sriwijaya senantiasa mengelola jejaring perdagangan bahari dan menguasi urat nadi pelayaran antara Tiongkok dan India.
Snouch Hurgronje dalam teorinya” Islam itu masuk di bumi Nusantara melalui sistem perdagangan” tak ayal lagi bila perdagangan yang ada saat itu di Sriwijaya menjadi awal masuknya Islam dan berkembang sangat pesat khususnya di pesisir pantai Sumatera. Adanya pengakuan kedaulatan atas Sriwijaya dari Bani Umayyah pada zaman Umar Bin Abdul Aziz juga menjadi pembuka adanya interaksi dagang dan hadirnya Islam di Sriwijaya, inilah yang semakin membuat Islam dan perdagangan jadi sebuah dimensi yang bergerak linier hingga mencapai puncak kejayaan keduanya.
Kata Kunci: Perdangangan, Perkembangan Islam dan Sriwijaya.
Kisah-Kisah dalam Kitab Taj al-Salatin dan Siyasatname: Kajian Komparatif
Authors: Zulyeno Bastian 
Published: September 2020

As a legacy of intellectual works in Malay and Persian literature Taj al-Salatin and Siyasatname are two major works full of wisdom and courtesy reviews. Two books are equally written by the king's closest people and also presented to the King for the sake of achieving a harmonious life between the King and the people. Siyasatname was written by Nizam al Mulk (1018-109 AD) and presented to the king Alp Arselan and Malik Shah (1072-1092 AD) two kings of the Seljuq dynasty, while Taj al-Salatin was written by Bukhari al Jauhari in Aceh (1603 AD) and presented to Sultan Alauddin Riayyat Syah (1589-1603 AD). In the Persian literature the Siyasatname Book got a very important position because this book became a reference for how the King and his aides should manage and manage the kingdom. Likewise with Taj al-Salatin this book reminds the head of government in this case the king and his aides how to become the ideal official figure. This paper will compare the two books of Siyasatname and Taj al-Salatin with structuralist methods. The object of comparison in this paper is only the same story in the two works.
Keywords: Taj al-Salatin, Syasatname, Persian, Malay, story.
Sebagai peninggalan karya intlektual dalam kesusasteaan Melayu dan Persia Taj al-Salatin dan Siyasatname adalah dua karya besar yang penuh dengan ulasan hikmah dan adab. Dua buku yang sama-sama ditulis oleh orang terdekat raja dan dipersembahkan kepada Raja pula demi tercapainya kehidupan yang harmonis antara Raja dan rakyat. Siyasatname ditulis oleh Nizam al Mulk (1018–109 M.) dan dipersembahkan kepad raja Alp Arselan dan Malik Shah (1072-1092 M.) dua raja dari dinasti Saljuk, sedangkan Taj al-Salatin ditulis oleh Bukhari al Jauhari di Aceh (1603 M) dan dipesembahkan kepada Sultan Alauddin Riayyat Syah (1589-1603 M). Dalam kesusasteraan Persia Kitab Siyasatname mendapat posisi yang sangat penting karena buku ini banyak menjadi rujukan tentang bagaimana seharusnya Raja dan para pembantunya mengurus dan mengelola kerajaan. Begitu juga dengan Taj al-Salatin buku ini mengingatkan kepada kepala pemerintahan dalam hal ini raja dan pembantu-pembantunya bagaimana menjadi sosok pejabat yang ideal. Makalah ini akan membandingkan dua kitab Siyasatname dan Taj al-Salatin dengan metetode strukturalis. Objek perbandingan dalam makalah ini hanya pada kisah yang sama dalam dua karya tersebut.
Kata kunci: Taj al-Salatin, Syasatname, Persia, Melayu, cerita.
IDENTIFIKASI PENGETAHUAN DAN PERSEPSI TENTANG KONTRASEPSI PADA GENERASI Z DI SURABAYA
Authors: Firdaus Favian Rafif , Naima Fathnin Ulya , Santika Wahyu , Marhaeny Honey Dzikri , Pertiwi Eka , Anggraeni Nindya Sofia , Puspita Belinda Handi , Firmansyah Hans Alif , Hanif Haniah , Syahrani Septiana , Wongso Luke , Utami Wahyu 
Published: September 2020

Program Keluarga Berencana (KB) yang dimulai sejak tahun 1970-an memberikan dampak positif untuk pengendalian jumlah penduduk di Indonesia. Jumlah penduduk yang banyak menyebabkan berbagai masalah seperti tingginya angka pengangguran, meningkatnya angka kemiskinan dan kriminalitas. Di era milenial meskipun tidak sepopular dahulu, pengenalan program KB, terutama terkait kontrasepsi, masih diperlukan hingga saat ini. Untuk keamanan dan efektivitas dari penggunaan kontrasepsi tentu diperlukan penjelasan yang cukup dan tepat sasaran. Di era sekarang ini terjadi perubahan pola pemberian informasi, baik dari sisi medianya maupun caranya. Tantangan era milenial adalah pesatnya perkembangan teknologi sehingga semua orang dapat dengan mudah mengakses informasi, tidak terkecuali tentang kontrasepsi. Kelompok masyarakat yang paling terpengaruh dengan perkembangan ini adalah generasi Z selanjutnya disebut GenZ. Oleh karena itu survei ditujukan kepada GenZ di wilayah Surabaya untuk mengetahui persepsi yang dimiliki terkait kontrasepsi serta menentukan strategi yang tepat bagi apoteker muda dalam memberikan informasi yang tepat di masa mendatang. Hasil survei dari 106 responden menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar GenZ menyatakan telah mengenal istilah kontrasepsi. Mayoritas jawaban responden (21,9%) menyatakan bahwa media sosial merupakan sarana untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang kontrasepsi. Selain media sosial, berturut-turut sarana yang menjadi sumber informasi responden terkait kontrasepsi adalah guru (19,8%), teman (15,6%), media elektronik (14,3%), dan tenaga kesehatan (10,5%).
Strategi Group Investigation dalam Pembelajaran Mahārat al-Qirā’ah pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang
Authors: Amalia H. Islamiyah  , Muassomah  
Published: September 2020

In learning reading skills (mahārat al-qirā’ah), especially Arabic texts, students are required to be able to reach existing indicators, which are at the level of critical reading. One effort to foster a critical attitude is to implement a group investigation strategy in the learning process. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to see how far the effectiveness of applying the group investigation strategy in learning mahārat al-qirā’ah 2 to the students of Arabic Language and Literature Department, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim. The results of this study prove that the application of the group investigation strategy applied in learning mahārat al-qirā’ah 2 can make students active and critical in analyzing discourse. The obstacle is the lack of student commitment to time so that the learning seems rushed. The solution, students are accustomed to reading Arabic texts so that they are familiar with new mufradāt (vocabulary), and commitment to the time given by lecturers so that learning is more effective and efficient.
Investigation of Virulence Genes and Biofilm Formation Among Legionella Pneumophila Isolated from Hospital Water Sources
Authors: mirkalantari shiva , Hayatimehr Sara , Amirmozafari Noor , Masjedian Faramarz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Legionella pneumophila as a ubiquitous bacterium is inherently resistant to chlorine in tap water. It can easily enter water piping systems and get transmitted to immunocompromised populations and cause severe pneumonia. Owing to the fact that its presence in water sources doesn’t necessarily lead to onset of disease; therefore, several factors such as inhaled bacteria dose, virulence factors and diversity of serogroups can be considered as contributing factors. The main aim of current project was to investigate the contamination rate of hospital water systems with Legionella by culture and evaluate presence of major virulence factor genes as well as the ability to form biofilms among the Legionella isolates. Results: Twelve (12%) of the 100 water samples produced positive results in culture method. Additional confirmation was performed by PCR method with specific primers for Legionella genus (16SrRNA) and pneumophila species (mip). Fifty (5%) samples of 12 with positive culture have a colony forming unit higher than 1000cfu/100 ml. Legionella were isolated with a rate of 8%, 3% and 1% from shower heads, oxygen humidifier bottle and water bath, respectively. PCR assay for the virulence genes showed that all 12 (100%) isolates were positive for mip genes, 9 (75%) were positive for dot gene, 8 (66.66%) were positive for hsp, 6(50%) were positive for lvh and 4(33.33%) for rtx. Two of the isolates displayed higher ability to form biofilm in reference to the standard strain.Conclusion: Although the presence of Legionella pneumophila in hospital environment does not necessarily confer a threat to public health; continuous monitoring of water sources should be conducted in order to avoid elevated concentration of this bacterium and visible biofilm formation.
Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 and Efforts to Prevent Community Transmission: The Sri Lankan Experience
Authors: Kariyawasam Manjula , Wickramasinghe Sashimali , Ginige Samitha , Samaraweera Sudath , Palihawadana Paba , Ruwanpathirana Thilanga , Jayasinghe Chintha , Munasingha Hathshya , Perera Alinda , Haputhanthri Thiraj , Gamage Deepa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background – With the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, the government of Sri Lanka took proactive measures to prevent a community outbreak in the country. This paper describes the measures taken by the government in the initial stages to contain the virus, along with the epidemiological characteristics of the first 200 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients.Methods – Telephone interviews were conducted for first 200 consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19, after obtaining informed verbal consent. Descriptive data are presented as binary variables and in frequency distribution tables.Results- From the diagnosis of the first patient, 76 days elapsed for the first 200 patients to be diagnosed. Majority were males in the 40-49 age group. There were three foreign nationals, while others were Sri Lankans. Among the Sri Lankans, 81 (41.1%) had an overseas travel history. Following implementation of the cohort quarantine concept, 47% of the overseas returnees were reported from quarantine centres. Over two-thirds of the patients presented with symptoms (n=137, 68.5%) and the most common symptoms were fever, cough and sore throat. The case fatality rate for the sample was 3.5%. out of the 200 patients, 103 (51.5%) were primary patients, while 92 (46%) were secondary patients. The source of exposure could not be determined for five patients. Conclusions – Due to measures instigated by the government, such as cohort quarantining, extensive contact tracing and testing of close contacts, Sri Lanka was able to prevent a wide spread community outbreak of COVID-19.
The Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Presymptomatic COVID-19 Patients: How We Can be One Step Ahead in Mitigating a Deadly Pandemic
Authors: Tan Juen Kiem , Leong Dalleen , Munusamy Hemalatha , Ariffin Nor Hazwani Zenol , Kori Najma , Hod Rozita , Periyasamy Petrick 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Presymptomatic COVID-19 patients have been identified as a major stumbling block in efforts to break the chain of transmission. Studies on temporal dynamics of its shedding suggests it peaks 1-2 days prior to any symptom onset. Therefore, a large proportion of patients are actively spreading the disease unknowingly whilst undetected. However, lengthy lockdowns and isolation leads to a host of socioeconomic issues and are impractical. Conversely, there exists no study describing this group and their clinical significance despite their key role in disease transmission. As a result, we devised a study to look at the prevalence of presymptomatic patients with COVID-19 and subsequently, identify early indicators of infection through demographic information, biochemical and radiological abnormalities which would allow early diagnosis and isolation. In addition, we will look into the clinical significance of this group and their outcome; if it differs from asymptomatic or symptomatic patients. Our analysis shows a higher proportion of presymptomatic patients with atypical symptoms like chest pain while symptomatic patients commonly present with respiratory symptoms like cough and shortness of breath. Besides that, there were more females presenting as presymptomatic patients and receiving treatment compared to males and this was found to be statistically significant. Otherwise, we were not able to identify other statistically significant markers suggesting a patient is presymptomatic. As we have little means of identifying these silent spreaders, it highlights further the importance of general measures implemented to stop COVID-19 transmission like social distancing, face mask, and widespread testing.
Characteristics of Viral Pneumonia in Immunocompromised and Immunocompetent Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Lijuan , Hsu Steven H. , Wang Chunlei , Li Binbin , Sun Lingxiao , Shi Jinying , Ren Yali , Wang Jinxiang , Zhang Xiaoqi , Liu Jiangbo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Viral pneumonia has a high incidence and mortality and often presents with bacterial or fungal infections. However, only a few studies have examined viral infection in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we compared the clinical and etiologic characteristics of viral pneumonia in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.Methods: We retrospectively recruited patients hospitalized with viral pneumonia from 6 academic hospitals in China between August 2016 and December 2019. We measured the prevalence of comorbidities, coinfections, nosocomial infections, and in-hospital mortalities.Results: Of the 806 patients, 370 were immunocompromised and 436 were immunocompetent. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was most common (58.1%) in immunocompromised patients, followed by influenza A virus (IFV-A, 21.4%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 19.2%), and parainfluenza virus (PIV, 7.3%). IFV-A (46.1%) was the most common in immunocompetent patients, followed by RSV (20.6%), adenovirus (AdV, 10.6%), PIV (10.1%), and rhinovirus (HRV, 9.2%). Disease severity and in-hospital mortality of immunocompromised patients were higher than those of immunocompetent patients. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) (22.4%), Aspergillus (14.1%) and bacteria (13.8%) were most frequent coinfections in immunocompromised patients as to Aspergillus (10.8%), bacteria (7.1%) and mycoplasma (5.3%) in immunocompetent patients. Viral shedding was significantly longer in immunocompromised patients.Conclusions: Immunocompromised patients have a high frequency of coinfections, and persistent viral shedding makes them contagious for prolonged periods. Most deaths were reported among those with CMV and two-or-more viruses, and we found the same disease severity and prognosis for IFV and non-IFV.