bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of healthy and white root disease infected rubber trees based on relative permittivity and capacitance input properties using LM and SCG artificial neural network
Authors: Suhaimi Sulaiman Mohd , Saad Zuraidi 
Published: May 2020

<span>White root disease is one of the most serious diseases in rubber plantation in Malaysia that originally infects on the root surface of the rubber tree. So, prevention is important compared to treatment. The classification system proposed in the research had the ability of detecting the disease by classifying between healthy rubber trees and white root disease infected rubber trees. 600 samples of latex from healthy rubber trees and white root disease infected rubber trees were taken from the RRIM station in Kota Tinggi, Johor. These samples were measured based on its relative permittivity and capacitance. All of the measurement inputs from the experiment were tested using statistical analysis. These measurement input were then went through the process of classification in ANN to generate the optimized models by using LM and SCG algorithm. There were four optimized models selected from the classification process. The accuracy from the selected most optimized models were greater than 70%. The selected most optimized models were then used to classify between healthy trees and white root infected trees based on single input categories. </span>
Job satisfaction evaluation based on fuzzy conjoint method with continuous fuzzy sets
Authors: Shahari Nor Azni , Rasmani Khairulanwar 
Published: May 2020

<span lang="EN-GB">Fuzzy conjoint method (FCM) is one of the available methods suggested for job satisfaction evaluation. The main feature of job satisfaction evaluation is the use of rating of agreement to indicate employee feelings and beliefs about their job. Currently the linguistic terms used for rating of agreement in FCM are represented in the form of discrete fuzzy sets. This paper investigates the potential use of continuous fuzzy sets to represent linguistic terms used in the FCM process. To investigate the consistency of the decision outcomes produced by the proposed approach, four different types of fuzzy similarity measures were used: similarity based on Matching Function, similarity based on Euclidean Distance, similarity based on Set-Theoretic and similarity based on vector. These classification outcomes are also compared with classification drawn on the basis of statistical inference. The finding of this study shows that both discrete fuzzy sets and continuous fuzzy sets produce consistent results regardless of whether the fuzzy similarity measure was used. Hence, the inclusion of other methods in FCM is particularly very useful for calculating the closeness coefficients and specifically addresses the shortcoming in FCM for job satisfaction evaluation. </span>
Prognostic Implications of Early and Midrange Readmissions After Acute Heart Failure Hospitalizations: A Report From a Japanese Multicenter Registry
Authors: Kitakata Hiroki , Kohno Takashi , Kohsaka Shun , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Parizo Justin T. , Niimi Nozomi , Goda Ayumi , Nishihata Yosuke , Heidenreich Paul A. , Yoshikawa Tsutomu 
Published: May 2020

Background
Although 30‐day readmission is thought to be an important quality indicator in patients with hospitalized heart failure, its prognostic impact and comparison of patients who were readmitted beyond 30 days has not been investigated. We assessed early (0–30 days) versus midrange (31–90 days) readmission in terms of incidence and distribution, and elucidated whether the timing of readmission could have a different prognostic significance.

Methods and Results

We examined patients with hospitalized heart failure registered in the
WET
‐
HF
(West Tokyo Heart Failure) registry. The primary outcomes analyzed were all‐cause death and
HF
readmission. Data of 3592 consecutive patients with hospitalized heart failure (median follow‐up, 2.0 years [interquartile range, 0.8–3.1 years]; 39.6% women, mean age 73.9±13.3 years) were analyzed. Within 90 days after discharge,
HF
readmissions occurred in 11.1% patients. Of them, patients readmitted within 30 and 31 to 90 days after discharge accounted for 43.1% and 56.9%, respectively. Independent predictors of 30‐ and 90‐day readmission were almost identical, and after adjustment, readmission for
HF
within 90 days (including both early and midrange readmission) was an independent predictor of subsequent all‐cause death (hazard ratio, 2.36;
P
<0.001). Among 90‐day readmitted patients, the time interval from discharge to readmission was not significantly associated with subsequent all‐cause death.

Conclusions
Among patients readmitted within 90 days after index hospitalization discharge, ≈60% of readmission events occurred beyond 30 days. Patients readmitted within 90 days had a higher risk of long‐term mortality, regardless of the temporal proximity of readmission to the index hospitalization.
Processing Speech and Thoughts during Silent Reading: Direct Reference Effects for Speech by Fictional Characters in Voice-Selective Auditory Cortex and a Theory-of-Mind Network
Authors: Alderson-Day Ben , Moffatt Jamie , Bernini Marco , Mitrenga Kaja , Yao Bo , Fernyhough Charles 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStories transport readers into vivid imaginative worlds, but understanding how readers create such worlds—populating them with characters, objects, and events—presents serious challenges across disciplines. Auditory imagery is thought to play a prominent role in this process, especially when representing characters' voices. Previous research has shown that direct reference to speech in stories (e.g., He said, “I'm over here”) may prompt spontaneous activation of voice-selective auditory cortex more than indirect speech [Yao, B., Belin, P., & Scheepers, C. Silent reading of direct versus indirect speech activates voice-selective areas in the auditory cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 3146–3152, 2011]. However, it is unclear whether this effect reflects differential processing of speech or differences in linguistic content, source memory, or grammar. One way to test this is to compare direct reference effects for characters speaking and thinking in a story. Here, we present a multidisciplinary fMRI study of 21 readers' responses to characters' speech and thoughts during silent reading of short fictional stories. Activations relating to direct and indirect references were compared for both speaking and thinking. Eye-tracking and independent localizer tasks (auditory cortex and theory of mind [ToM]) established ROIs in which responses to stories could be tracked for individuals. Evidence of elevated auditory cortex responses to direct speech over indirect speech was observed, replicating previously reported effects; no reference effect was observed for thoughts. Moreover, a direct reference effect specific to speech was also evident in regions previously associated with inferring intentions from communication. Implications are discussed for the spontaneous representation of fictional characters and the potential roles of inner speech and ToM in this process.
Reward-Sensitive Basal Ganglia Stabilize the Maintenance of Goal-Relevant Neural Patterns in Adolescents
Authors: Hubbard Nicholas A. , Romeo Rachel R. , Grotzinger Hannah , Giebler Melissa , Imhof Andrea , Bauer Clemens C. C. , Gabrieli John D. E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Maturation of basal ganglia (BG) and frontoparietal circuitry parallels developmental gains in working memory (WM). Neurobiological models posit that adult WM performance is enhanced by communication between reward-sensitive BG and frontoparietal regions, via increased stability in the maintenance of goal-relevant neural patterns. It is not known whether this reward-driven pattern stability mechanism may have a role in WM development. In 34 young adolescents (12.16–14.72 years old) undergoing fMRI, reward-sensitive BG regions were localized using an incentive processing task. WM-sensitive regions were localized using a delayed-response WM task. Functional connectivity analyses were used to examine the stability of goal-relevant functional connectivity patterns during WM delay periods between and within reward-sensitive BG and WM-sensitive frontoparietal regions. Analyses revealed that more stable goal-relevant connectivity patterns between reward-sensitive BG and WM-sensitive frontoparietal regions were associated with both greater adolescent age and WM ability. Computational lesion models also revealed that functional connections to WM-sensitive frontoparietal regions from reward-sensitive BG uniquely increased the stability of goal-relevant functional connectivity patterns within frontoparietal regions. Findings suggested (1) the extent to which goal-relevant communication patterns within reward-frontoparietal circuitry are maintained increases with adolescent development and WM ability and (2) communication from reward-sensitive BG to frontoparietal regions enhances the maintenance of goal-relevant neural patterns in adolescents' WM. The maturation of reward-driven stability of goal-relevant neural patterns may provide a putative mechanism for understanding the developmental enhancement of WM.
Mixing Body and Soul: Galen on the Substance of Soul in QAM and De Propriis Placitis
Authors: Vinkesteijn Robert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In a late treatise, That the Capacities of the Soul Follow the Mixtures of the Body (QAM), Galen of Pergamum infamously offered the view that the substance of the soul is identical with a bodily mixture. This thesis has been found radical and extreme in modern scholarship and is generally considered to be at odds with Galen’s ‘agnosticism’ on the substance of soul. In this paper I propose a close reading of QAM that allows us to make sense of it in terms of Galen’s other work, including his late work On My Own Opinions (De Propriis Placitis).
Aux origines de la « frankokratia ».
Authors: Grivaud Gilles , Nicolaou-Konnari Angel 
Published: May 2020

Résumé
L’histoire du concept « φραγκοκρατία » s’insère dans un long débat idéologique, qui concerne l’appréhension de l’identité grecque depuis le Moyen Âge et découle de la place accordée à Byzance dans l’historiographie grecque des XIXe et XXe siècles. Confrontés aux Turcs et à l’Occident, les érudits byzantins – puis grecs – définissent l’ethnicité hellénique en s’appuyant sur des critères géographiques, politiques, culturels, linguistiques ou religieux. En une première partie, le phénomène est examiné à travers les productions de lettrés ressortissant tant de l’Empire byzantin que des pays grecs sous domination latine. On y observe l’hétérogénéité des ethnonymes utilisés pour caractériser les envahisseurs (« Francs », « Latins », « Occidentaux », « Vénitiens »), dont le parcours sémantique – sens collectif ou spécifique – acquiert progressivement des connotations péjoratives. Cet héritage lexical complexe se transmettra aux époques ultérieures (à suivre).
Climatology and Variability of Warm and Cold Fronts over North America from 1979 to 2018
Authors: Lagerquist Ryan , Allen John T. , McGovern Amy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the development and analysis of an objective climatology of warm and cold fronts over North America from 1979 to 2018. Fronts are detected by a convolutional neural network (CNN), trained to emulate fronts drawn by human meteorologists. Predictors for the CNN are surface and 850-hPa fields of temperature, specific humidity, and vector wind from the ERA5 reanalysis. Gridded probabilities from the CNN are converted to 2D frontal regions, which are used to create the climatology. Overall, warm and cold fronts are most common in the Pacific and Atlantic cyclone tracks and the lee of the Rockies. In contrast with prior research, we find that the activity of warm and cold fronts is significantly modulated by the phase and intensity of El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The influence of El Niño is significant for winter warm fronts, winter cold fronts, and spring cold fronts, with activity decreasing over the continental United States and shifting northward with the Pacific and Atlantic cyclone tracks. Long-term trends are generally not significant, although we find a poleward shift in frontal activity during the winter and spring, consistent with prior research. We also identify a number of regional patterns, such as a significant long-term increase in warm fronts in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, which are characterized almost entirely by moisture gradients rather than temperature gradients.
Contribution of Cross-Barrier Moisture Transport to Precipitation in the Upper Indus River Basin
Authors: Baudouin Jean-Philippe , Herzog Michael , Petrie Cameron A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The upper Indus River basin is characterized by biseasonal heavy precipitation falling on the foothills of major mountain ranges (Hindu Kush, Karakorm, Himalayas). Numerical studies have confirmed the importance of topography for the triggering of precipitation and investigated the processes responsible for specific events, but a systematic and cross-seasonal analysis has yet to be conducted. Using ERA5 reanalysis data and statistical methods, we show that more than 80% of the precipitation variability is explained by southerly moisture transport at 850 and 700 hPa, along the Himalayan foothills. We conclude that most of the precipitation is generated by the forced uplift of a cross-barrier flow. This process explains both wet seasons, despite different synoptic conditions, but is more important in winter. The precipitation signal is decomposed into the contribution of each altitude and each variable (wind and moisture), which exhibit different seasonality. The winter wet season is dominated by moisture transport at higher altitude, and is triggered by an increase in wind. By contrast, the summer wet season is explained by an increase in moisture at both altitudes, while wind is of secondary importance. Selected CMIP6 climate models are able to represent the observed links between precipitation and southerly moisture transport, despite important seasonal biases that are due to a misrepresentation of the seasonality in the magnitude of the southerly wind component.
Depressive and anxiety disorders among single mothers in Dhaka
Authors: Nahar Jhunu Shamsun , Algin Sultana , Sajib Mohammad Waliul Hasnat , Ahmed Srijony , Arafat S.M. Yasir 
Published: May 2020

Background: Recent reports revealed that the number of single mothers has been increasing day by day in Dhaka city; however, their psychological problems have not been studied yet. Aim: We aimed to see the proportion of single mothers having depressive and anxiety disorders. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted under the supervision of the Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from August 2016 to July 2017. A total of 156 single mothers from three social strata, namely, lower-, middle- and upper-class group were included purposively. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of demography and structured clinical interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition, axis-I disorders, clinician version (SCID-I-CV) which were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. Results: This study showed that the mean age of the single mothers was 34.8 ± 8.9 years. The overall 48.8% of single mothers had either depressive and/or anxiety disorders where 17.3% depressive disorder, 21.2% anxiety disorders and 10.3% had a dual diagnosis. Major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder were the most common specific diagnosis. Conclusion: This study provided us a sound background knowledge regarding psychiatric disorders among single mothers. This study shows the need for larger research on this issue and early detection would help them to improve the quality of life.
Return to Play and Career Length After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Among Canadian Professional Football Players
Authors: Longstaffe Robert , Leiter Jeff , Gurney-Dunlop Tanner , McCormack Robert , MacDonald Peter 
Published: May 2020

Background: For many athletes, a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) represents a significant injury that requires a prolonged period away from the sport with substantial rehabilitation. Hypothesis: There will be no difference in return to play (RTP) and career length after hamstring tendon (HT) ACL reconstruction in a group of Canadian Football League professional players as compared with what has been already been reported in the literature among professional football players. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data on athletes who sustained an ACL injury were collected by team physicians and head athletic trainers from 2002 to 2017 from 2 Canadian Football League teams. Patient details included age at the time of injury, initial injury date, position, practice versus game injury, and primary versus rerupture with injury-specific data, such as affected limb, concomitant injuries, graft choice, and procedure performed. RTP rates and career length data were collected through publically available internet sources. Comparisons between the non-RTP and RTP groups were made with independent-sample t tests. Binomial logistic regression was performed to determine variables (ie, games preinjury, graft type, meniscal injury, collateral ligament injury) that contributed to players not being able to RTP. Results: A total of 44 ACL reconstructions were performed over the study period (HT, n = 32 [72.7%]; bone–patellar tendon–bone [BPTB], n = 8 [18.2%]; allograft, n = 4 [9.1%]). Overall, 69.8% (n = 30) were able to RTP in at least 1 game, while 30.2% (n = 13) did not return. Mean time to return was 316.1 days (range, 220-427 days), or 10.4 months. For those players who did RTP, mean career length after ACL reconstruction was 2.8 seasons, or 34.4 games. The majority (56.8%) of injuries occurred early in the season. Breakdown by graft type demonstrated RTP rates among HT, BPTB, and allograft of 64.5% (n = 20), 87.5% (n = 7), and 75% (n = 3), respectively. Career length among HT, BPTB, and allograft was 2.9, 2.4, and 3 seasons. Logistic regression analysis found only concomitant medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries to be a negative predictor for RTP. Meniscal injuries were associated with a decreased RTP rate and career length, but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The RTP rates after ACL reconstruction in this study are similar to those reported in National Football League players. A concomitant injury to the MCL injury was a negative predictor of RTP. Meniscal injuries demonstrated a trend for decreased RTP rate and career length, but this was not a significant predictor. A large portion of injuries occur early in the season, and further study should be done to examine potential preventative strategies to reduce ACL injuries.
The effect of two types of minimal acupuncture on stooling, sleeping and feeding in infants with colic: secondary analysis of a multicentre RCT in Sweden (ACU-COL)
Authors: Landgren Kajsa , Hallström Inger , Tiberg Iren 
Published: May 2020

Background Evidence for the effect of minimal acupuncture in infants with colic is limited. Aim To compare the effect of standardized minimal acupuncture, individualized acupuncture (where traditional acupuncture points were chosen according to the infant’s symptoms) and no acupuncture on objective measures of stooling, feeding and sleeping in infants with colic (based on diaries) and perceived changes in these parameters (based on parental questionnaires). Methods This was a secondary analysis of a multicentre randomized controlled three-armed trial conducted in four counties in Sweden between January 2013 and May 2015 (ACU-COL). The effect on crying has already been published and showed a decrease in crying time for the acupuncture groups. Infants, 2–8 weeks old, who cried and fussed for more than 3 h/day for more than 3 days/week, and thereby fulfilled the criteria for infantile colic, received four extra visits to their ordinary child health centre. The infants (n = 147) were randomly allocated via a computer-generated list to standardized minimal acupuncture at LI4 for 5 s (group A, n = 48), semi-standardized individual acupuncture with a maximum of five insertions for up to 30 s (group B, n = 49), or no acupuncture (group C, n = 48). The parents and the ordinary staff were blinded. Data were collected using: (1) diaries at baseline, during the two intervention weeks and 1-week follow-up; and (2) questionnaires with quantitative and qualitative components used at the second and fourth visits and during a follow-up telephone call. Outcomes were the changes in frequency of stooling and in hours of sleep per day. Results There were no differences between groups for stooling, feeding, or sleeping at any time point according to data from the diaries. At the follow-up phone call, more parents in groups A and B (compared to group C) perceived that feeding and sleep had changed and that the symptoms of colic had improved.
Reducing seclusion and restraint in a child and adolescent inpatient area: implementation of a collaborative problem-solving approach
Authors: Black Valerie , Bobier Candace , Thomas Baiju , Prest Fiona , Ansley Chris , Loomes Barbara , Eggleston Glenda , Mountford Helen 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether implementation of a collaborative problem-solving approach would be associated with a decrease in seclusion and restraint in a child and adolescent inpatient unit. Method: A collaborative problem-solving (CPS) approach was implemented. Seclusion and restraint, length of treatment, clinician- and patient/parent-rated outcomes and staff utility and acceptability were surveyed pre and post implementation. Results: The number of restrictive events significantly decreased, including full restraint, partial restraint and seclusion. Length of treatment and routine clinician-rated outcome measures remained consistent. Patient or parent-rated outcomes showed greater reduction post implementation. Despite some initial scepticism, the staff found this approach useful. Conclusions: A CPS approach was successfully implemented, and in this naturalistic study was associated with a significant decrease in seclusions and restraints.