bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of seropositivity on the effectiveness of biologic anti-rheumatic agents: results from a collaboration of 16 registries
Authors: Courvoisier Delphine S , Chatzidionysiou Katarina , Mongin Denis , Lauper Kim , Mariette Xavier , Morel Jacques , Gottenberg Jacques-Eric , Bergstra Sytske Anne , Suarez Manuel Pombo , Codreanu Catalin , Kvien Tore K , Santos Maria Jose , Pavelka Karel , Hetland Merete L , Askling Johan , Turesson Carl , Kubo Satoshi , Tanaka Yoshiya , Iannone Florenzo , Choquette Denis , Nordström Dan C , Rotar Ziga , Lukina Galina , Gabay Cem , Van Vollenhoven Ronald , Finckh Axel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
RF and ACPA are used as diagnostic tools and their presence has been associated with clinical response to some biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) in RA. This study compared the impact of seropositivity on drug discontinuation and effectiveness of bDMARDs in patients with RA, using head-to-head comparisons in a real-world setting.

Methods
We conducted a pooled analysis of 16 observational RA registries. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of RA, initiation of treatment with rituximab (RTX), abatacept (ABA), tocilizumab (TCZ) or TNF inhibitors (TNFis) and available information on RF and/or ACPA status. Drug discontinuation was analysed using Cox regression, including drug, seropositivity, their interaction, adjusting for concomitant and past treatments and patient and disease characteristics and accounting for country and calendar year of bDMARD initiation. Effectiveness was analysed using the Clinical Disease Activity Index evolution over time.

Results
Among the 27 583 eligible patients, the association of seropositivity with drug discontinuation differed across bDMARDs (P for interaction &lt;0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios for seropositive compared with seronegative patients were 1.01 (95% CI 0.95, 1.07) for TNFis, 0.89 (0.78, 1.02)] for TCZ, 0.80 (0.72, 0.88) for ABA and 0.70 (0.59, 0.84) for RTX. Adjusted differences in remission and low disease activity rates between seropositive and seronegative patients followed the same pattern, with no difference in TNFis, a small difference in TCZ, a larger difference in ABA and the largest difference in RTX (Lundex remission difference +5.9%, low disease activity difference +11.6%).

Conclusion
Seropositivity was associated with increased effectiveness of non-TNFi bDMARDs, especially RTX and ABA, but not TNFis.
Food restriction induces functional resilience to sleep restriction in rats
Authors: Loomis Sally , McCarthy Andrew , Dijk Derk-Jan , Gilmour Gary , Winsky-Sommerer Raphaelle 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep restriction (SR) leads to performance decrements across cognitive domains but underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The impact of SR on performance in rodents is often assessed using tasks in which food is the reward. Investigating how the drives of hunger and sleep interact to modulate performance may provide insights into mechanisms underlying sleep loss-related performance decrements.

Methods
Three experiments were conducted in male adult Wistar rats to assess: (1) effects of food restriction on performance in the simple response latency task (SRLT) across the diurnal cycle (n = 30); (2) interaction of food restriction and SR (11 h) on SRLT performance, sleep electroencephalogram, and event-related potentials (ERP) (n = 10–13); and (3) effects of food restriction and SR on progressive ratio (PR) task performance to probe the reward value of food reinforcement (n = 19).

Results
Food restriction increased premature responding on the SRLT at the end of the light period of the diurnal cycle. SR led to marked impairments in SRLT performance in the ad libitum-fed group, which were absent in the food-restricted group. After SR, food-restricted rats displayed a higher amplitude of cue-evoked ERP components during the SRLT compared with the ad libitum group. SR did not affect PR performance, while food restriction improved performance.

Conclusions
Hunger may induce a functional resilience to negative effects of sleep loss during subsequent task performance, possibly by maintaining attention to food-related cues.
Trusts and Swiss withholding tax—who gets to claim reimbursement, and trustees as future paying agents?
Authors: Fischer Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Swiss withholding tax (WHT) is levied on Swiss investment income at a hefty 35%. Reimbursement, in full or in part, chiefly depends on the recipient’s tax residence at the time the income became due and his being its “beneficial owner”. If the income subject to WHT is received by a trust, then the eligibility to claim reimbursement may lie with the settlor or with the beneficiary, and, in very limited circumstances, with the trustee or the trust. Finally, the article also takes a look ahead: Swiss trustees may become paying agents under a proposed legislative amendment.
Development and Initial Evaluation of the Patterns of Activity Measure—Pain Short Form
Authors: Cane Douglas , Mazmanian Dwight 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
There has been growing interest in examining pain-related activity patterns and their relationships to psychosocial functioning. The Patterns of Activity Measure—Pain (POAM-P) is frequently used to measure 3 pain-related activity patterns: avoidance, overdoing, and pacing. Although the POAM-P possesses excellent psychometric properties, its length may limit its utility where multiple measures of functioning are required or the time available for assessment is limited. The present studies describe the development and evaluation of a short-form version of this measure.

Materials and Methods:
In Study 1, 775 individuals with ongoing pain completed the original POAM-P at the start of a treatment program. Item analyses were conducted to construct a short-form of the POAM-P. In Study 2, a separate sample of 171 individuals completed the original and short-form of the POAM-P, and measures of psychosocial functioning. Correlations between the short-form and original, and between the short-form and measures of psychosocial functioning were examined to evaluate the reliability and validity of the short-form.

Results:
The 3 scales of the short-form were found to have excellent internal consistency and correlated well with corresponding scales on the original POAM-P. Correlations between scales on the short-form and measures of psychosocial functioning supported the construct validity of the measure.

Discussion:
The short-form of the POAM-P possesses good psychometric properties and correlates well with the long-form of the measure. It appears to be a promising addition to existing measures of pain-related activity. It may be useful as an addition to questionnaire batteries that comprehensively assess the psychosocial functioning of individuals with ongoing pain.
Increased Experimental Pain Sensitivity in Chronic Pain Patients Who Developed Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Compton Peggy A. , Wasser Thomas E. , Cheatle Martin D. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Although the great majority of individuals who take opioids for chronic pain use them appropriately and to good effect, a certain minority will develop the problematic outcome of opioid use disorder (OUD). Characteristics associated with the development of OUD in individuals with chronic pain have been described; however, relatively unexplored is how sensitivity to pain is associated with OUD outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
We examined for differences in response to static and dynamic experimental pain stimuli between individuals with chronic nonmalignant pain who developed OUD after starting opioid therapy (n=20) and those on opioid therapy who did not (n=20). During a single experimental session, participants underwent cold pressor and quantitative sensory testing pain assays, and objective and subjective responses were compared between groups; the role of pain catastrophizing in mediating pain responses was examined.

Results:
Results suggested that both groups of opioid-dependent patients were similarly hyperalgesic to the cold pressor pain stimulus, with nonparametric testing revealing worsened central pain sensitization (temporal summation) in those who developed OUD. Significant group differences were evident on subjective ratings of experimental pain, such that those who developed OUD rated the pain as more severe than those who did not. Pain catastrophizing was unrelated to pain responses.

Discussion:
Despite the small sample size and cross-sectional design, these findings suggest that experimental pain testing may be a novel technique in identifying patients with chronic pain likely to develop OUD, in that they are likely to evidence exacerbated temporal summation and to rate the associated pain as more severe.
A Topographic Comparison of OCT Minimum Rim Width (BMO-MRW) and Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (cRNFL) Thickness Measures in Eyes With or Suspected Glaucoma
Authors: La Bruna Sol , Tsamis Emmanouil , Zemborain Zane Z. , Wu Zhichao , De Moraes Carlos Gustavo , Ritch Robert , Hood Donald C. 
Published: June 2020

Précis:
Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cRNFL) thickness measures may be improved by comparing probability levels and accounting for blood vessel locations.

Purpose:
To understand the differences between 2 optical coherence tomography measures of glaucomatous damage: the BMO-MRW and cRNFL thickness.

Materials and Methods:
Optical coherence tomography circle scans were obtained for an early glaucoma group (EG) of 88 eyes (88 patients) with 24-2 mean deviation better than –6.0 dB, and a broader group (BG) of 188 eyes (110 patients) with 24-2 mean deviation from −0.15 to −27.0 dB. On the basis of a commercial report, the cRNFL and BMO-MRW of each hemidisc was classified as abnormal if either of the 2 superior (inferior) sectors, temporal superior and nasal superior (temporal inferior and nasal inferior), was yellow or red (P<5%); and as normal if both were green (P≥5%). In addition, a post hoc analysis identified the reasons for disagreements on the basis of the presence (or absence) of glaucomatous damage at a hemidisc level (consensus of 4 experts).

Results:
The BMO-MRW and cRNFL measures agreed in 81.9% (broader group) and 73.9% (EG) of the hemidiscs. In both groups, an abnormal-BMO-MRW/normal-cRNFL disagreement was as common as a normal-BMO-MRW/abnormal-cRNFL. Of the 46 EG hemidisc disagreements, the number of “mistakes” for BMO-MRW (28) was nonsignificantly higher than for cRNFL (18) (P=0.15). Primary causes for disagreement were as follows: borderline significance level, a local defect, and aberrant blood vessel location.

Conclusions:
Although BMO-MRW and cRNFL measures agreed in the majority of hemidiscs, they still disagreed in over 25% of the EG hemidiscs. These measures may be improved by comparing actual probability levels and accounting for blood vessel locations. However, both can miss information available on retinal ganglion cell/retinal nerve fiber layer probability maps.
Efficacy and safety of clopidogrel and aspirin do not differ in patients with stable ischemic stroke
Authors: Chien Li-Nien , Liu Hung-Yi , Chiou Hung-Yi , Chi Nai-Fang 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The current study compared the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel vs aspirin in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke (IS).

Methods:
We included patients from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database who were aged between 20 and 80 years, had their first ever IS, had no diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, and had not used an oral anticoagulant before the index IS between 2002 and 2010. We excluded patients who died or were admitted to a hospital due to acute myocardial infarction, recurrent IS, or major bleeding within 3 months of IS. Patients were then classified into clopidogrel as aspirin users. Propensity score matching was adopted to select clopidogrel and aspirin groups with similar baseline characteristics (n = 8457 vs 16,914, mean follow-up period of 2.1 years and 1.9 years, respectively). Conditional Cox proportional hazard regression was used to compare risks of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, recurrent stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and major bleeding in clopidogrel users and aspirin users.

Results:
The risks of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, recurrent stroke, and acute myocardial infarction did not differ between clopidogrel and aspirin users. Subgroup analyses revealed that the results were consistent regardless of age, disease severity, or comorbidity.

Conclusion:
According to real-world data, the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel and aspirin for secondary prevention of stable IS did not differ.
Computed tomography-based differentiation of primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma and small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Lee Kang-Lung , Wu Mei-Han , Jhang Ying-Yu , Chen Chun-Ku , Yen Yi-Chen , Chen Yi-Chun 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare subtype of lung cancer. Both small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and LELC often manifest as a centrally located tumor with lymphadenopathy. This retrospective study investigated and compared the initial computed tomography (CT) features and subsequent survival outcomes of LELC and SCLC.

Methods:
A total of 50 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LELC were enrolled and matched at a ratio of 1:1 with patients with SCLC according to the tumor stage. Utilizing a consensus approach, two radiologists reviewed pretreatment CT images. Survival outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
Well-defined tumors were significantly more common in the LELC group (LELC: 42% vs SCLC: 24%, p = 0.005). Based on the comparisons of the primary tumor with the muscles, LELC tumors exhibited a significantly higher percentage of attenuation on contrast-enhanced CT scans (21.6% ± 29% vs −14.2% ± 37%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of vascular or bronchial encasement (18% vs 40%, p = 0.028), background emphysematous changes (10% vs 60%, p < 0.001), and tumors located in upper lobes (18% vs 64%, p < 0.001) was significantly lower in the LELC group. Female gender (70% vs 12%, p < 0.001), younger age (57.6 ± 12.0 years vs 68.0 ± 11.0 years, p < 0.001), and without a history of smoking (16% vs 88%, p < 0.001) were factors more commonly found in the LELC group. The patients with LELC had a better prognosis with significantly longer median survival than did the patients with SCLC (23.4 months vs 17.3 months, p = 0.01).

Conclusion:
Because SCLC demonstrated a more aggressive disease progression, differentiating LELC from SCLC is crucial. In Epstein–Barr virus-endemic areas, the diagnosis of LELC should be considered when approaching a patient with the above-mentioned CT and clinical features.
Printing a patient-specific instrument guide for skull osteoma management
Authors: Wang Tien-Hsiang , Ma Hsu , Huang Li-Ying , Hung Yu-Cheng , Wang Te-Han , Yu Wen-Chan , Chiu Fang-Yau , Wang Shyh-Jen , Chen Wei-Ming 
Published: June 2020

Background:
To surgically remove osteoma and to keep an optimal cosmetic profile would be very challenging. To solve the difficulty, we utilized the three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies in generating a patient-specific instrument guide (PSIG) for the safe removal of a skull bone tumor.

Methods:
The preoperational brain computed tomography (CT) provided the digital imaging with thin slices, and then images were reconstructed into a 3D skull model. Based on the model, we designed a PSIG to make landmarks on the osteoma to avoid excessive removal of the skull bone. During the operation, the surgeons could remove the osteoma piece by piece by using the landmark as a reference point.

Results:
The PSIG was successfully applied to remove an osteoma that measured 60 × 48 × 40 mm3 over the left frontoparietal skull of a female patient. The 3D CT reconstruction taken both before and 4 months after surgery showed a significant change in the appearance of the osteoma.

Conclusion:
The PSIG was able to guide the surgeon in the safe removal of the skull osteoma, as well as in maintaining the cosmetic skull profile.
The place of extracorporeal life support in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Pineton de Chambrun Marc , Bréchot Nicolas , Combes Alain 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Temporary circulatory support (TCS) devices are increasingly used as a salvage therapy for patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. The exact place of the different TCS devices in the management of cardiogenic shock patients remains unclear and intensely debated. This article provides an overview on new cardiogenic shock classification, currently available devices, place of TCS in the management of cardiogenic shock patients, and discusses the results of recent case series and trials in this setting.

Recent finding
A new classification system for cardiogenic shock has recently been proposed to homogenize definitions of cardiogenic shock and appropriately differentiate patient subsets in clinical trials and registries. Although the routine use of intraaortic balloon pump is no more recommended, other TCS are increasingly used and investigated but many advantages favor the use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) as the first-line TCS.

Summary
TCS devices have become the cornerstone of the management of patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. VA-ECMO has emerged as the first-line support system in this setting, with a growing number of accepted indications. Large adequately powered randomized controlled trials are now underway and should help to determine the respective place of different TCS devices in strategies to treat cardiogenic shock patients.
When to lower triglycerides?
Authors: Ganda Om P. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Substantial risk of ASCVD events persists despite intensive statin therapy and other agents to lower LDL-C. The optimal way to address other elements of dyslipidemia, such as triglyceride-rich particles (TRL) and when to treat has remained unclear.

Recent findings
Several lines of evidence indicate that TRL are associated with atherogenesis, partly because of associated factors, such as cholesterol-enriched remnant particles, high LDL particle number, high apo-B, high apo-CIII, and others. High triglyceride is increasingly prevalent because of worsening of lifestyle factors, obesity, and diabetes. Trials with fibrates, and niacin to reduce residual dyslipidemia have not provided evidence of benefits after statin therapy, thus far. A recent trial with an omega 3 fatty acid (OM3FA), icosapent-ethyl (IPE), provided evidence for a 25% reduction in ASCVD events in statin-treated high-risk population. These results were unexplained by triglyceride reduction alone, and are likely related to unique biologic effects of IPE on atherosclerosis. Finally, in patients with very high triglycerides, lifestyle measures and several triglyceride-lowering agents are indicated, often in combination, to prevent episodes of pancreatitis. A novel Apo C-III inhibitor may provide additional benefit in such patients.

Summary
There is evidence for the benefits of IPE in preventing ASCVD events. A novel fibrate is in clinical trials.
Current opinion in the assessment and management of ballistic trauma to the craniomaxillofacial region
Authors: Breeze John , Powers David Bryan 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Ballistic trauma represents a small proportion of injuries to the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) region, even in societies where the availability of firearms is more prevalent. The aim of this article is to review current opinion in the assessment and management of ballistic injuries sequentially from primary survey to definitive reconstruction.

Recent findings
For mandibular fractures because of ballistic trauma, load-bearing fixation remains the mainstay in the treatment. The use of load sharing fixation is rarely advised, even if the fracture pattern radiologically appears to fulfil the traditional indications for its use. Clinicians must be aware of specific situations in early internal fixation is contraindicated, particularly in those unstable patients requiring short damage control surgical procedures, avulsive soft and hard tissue defects and those injuries at increased risk of infection.

Summary
Staged surgery for complex injuries is increasingly becoming accepted, by which injuries are temporarily stabilized by means of maxillary--mandibular fixation (MMF) or an external fixation. Patients are subsequently repeat CT-scanned, and definitive internal fixation performed a few days later. Increased access to virtual surgical planning (VSP) and three-dimensional plates has revolutionized fracture reconstruction.
Supplement (mis)use in adolescents
Authors: Tiwari Kritika 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Dietary supplement usage by adolescents has been on the rise in the last decade and is expected to continue to grow, although the evidence of their benefits in healthy individuals remains unclear. This review aims to spread awareness about the poorly regulated supplements and their effects on the health of adolescents to minimize medical hazards.

Recent findings
In this review, we have attempted to summarize some of the commonly consumed supplements, their alleged benefits, effects and side effects, along with the motivation that drives adolescents into consuming them.

Summary
The widespread use of dietary supplements among adolescents, in the background of lack of knowledge and medical guidance, predisposes adolescents to significant health risks. Although supplements may be necessary and safely consumed in certain specific situations, most healthy adolescents do not need them. The lack of regulation of supplements encourages contamination and ensures indiscriminate, easy access.
Treatment of cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Niechciał Elżbieta , Marcovecchio M. Loredana 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have excess cardiovascular risk and reduced life expectancy. Adolescence is the time when the first signs of vascular complications appear and a critical window for interventions. This article reviews recent evidence on cardiometabolic risk factors and their management in youth with T1D.

Recent findings
Adolescents with T1D show early signs of vascular complications, as a result of several cardiometabolic risk factors. Poor glycemic control is one of the main risk factors and the main target of treatment. However, only a minority of adolescents with T1D reaches recommended targets for glycemic control. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol use, obesity and insulin resistance are other common cardiometabolic risk factors in this age group. Recent data confirm that screening for these risk factors is suboptimal and use of pharmacological interventions for hypertension and dyslipidemia remains low. Data on adjunctive noninsulin agents to improve glycemic control and other cardiometabolic risk factors are still lacking in this age group.

Summary
Vascular complications and the associated mortality remain a major issue for youth with T1D. Better screening strategies for cardiometabolic risk factors and interventions are required to improve the long-term prognosis of youth with T1D.