bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global correlates of range contractions and expansions in terrestrial mammals
Authors: Pacifici Michela , Rondinini Carlo , Rhodes Jonathan R. , Burbidge Andrew A. , Cristiano Andrea , Watson James E. M. , Woinarski John C. Z. , Di Marco Moreno 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding changes in species distributions is essential to disentangle the mechanisms that drive their responses to anthropogenic habitat modification. Here we analyse the past (1970s) and current (2017) distribution of 204 species of terrestrial non-volant mammals to identify drivers of recent contraction and expansion in their range. We find 106 species lost part of their past range, and 40 of them declined by >50%. The key correlates of this contraction are large body mass, increase in air temperature, loss of natural land, and high human population density. At the same time, 44 species have some expansion in their range, which correlates with small body size, generalist diet, and high reproductive rates. Our findings clearly show that human activity and life history interact to influence range changes in mammals. While the former plays a major role in determining contraction in species’ distribution, the latter is important for both contraction and expansion.
Neural network learns physical rules for copolymer translocation through amphiphilic barriers
Authors: Werner Marco , Guo Yachong , Baulin Vladimir A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent developments in computer processing power lead to new paradigms of how problems in many-body physics and especially polymer physics can be addressed. Parallel processors can be exploited to generate millions of molecular configurations in complex environments at a second, and concomitant free-energy landscapes can be estimated. Databases that are complete in terms of polymer sequences and architecture form a powerful training basis for cross-checking and verifying machine learning-based models. We employ an exhaustive enumeration of polymer sequence space to benchmark the prediction made by a neural network. In our example, we consider the translocation time of a copolymer through a lipid membrane as a function of its sequence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic units. First, we demonstrate that massively parallel Rosenbluth sampling for all possible sequences of a polymer allows for meaningful dynamic interpretation in terms of the mean first escape times through the membrane. Second, we train a multi-layer neural network on logarithmic translocation times and show by the reduction of the training set to a narrow window of translocation times that the neural network develops an internal representation of the physical rules for sequence-controlled diffusion barriers. Based on the narrow training set, the network result approximates the order of magnitude of translocation times in a window that is several orders of magnitude wider than the training window. We investigate how prediction accuracy depends on the distance of unexplored sequences from the training window.
Oxygen-vacancy induced magnetic phase transitions in multiferroic thin films
Authors: Menéndez César , Chu Dewei , Cazorla Claudio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMultiferroics in which giant ferroelectric polarization and magnetism coexist are of tremendous potential for engineering disruptive applications in information storage and energy conversion. Yet the functional properties of multiferroics are thought to be affected detrimentally by the presence of point defects, which may be abundant due to the volatile nature of some constituent atoms and the high temperatures involved in the synthesis of materials. Here, we demonstrate with theoretical methods that oxygen vacancies may enhance the functionality of multiferroics by radically changing their magnetic interactions in thin films. Specifically, oxygen vacancies may restore missing magnetic super-exchange interactions in large axial ratio phases, leading to full antiferromagnetic spin ordering, and induce the stabilization of ferrimagnetic states with considerable net magnetizations. Our theoretical study should help to clarify the origins of long-standing controversies in bismuth ferrite and improve the design of technological applications based on multiferroics.
Arginine GlcNAcylation of Rab small GTPases by the pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Meng Kun , Zhuang Xiaohui , Peng Ting , Hu Shufan , Yang Jin , Wang Zhen , Fu Jiaqi , Xue Juan , Pan Xing , Lv Jun , Liu Xiaoyun , Shao Feng , Li Shan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, an intracellular Gram-negative bacterial pathogen, employs two type III secretion systems to deliver virulence effector proteins to host cells. One such effector, SseK3, is a Golgi-targeting arginine GlcNAc transferase. Here, we show that SseK3 colocalizes with cis-Golgi via lipid binding. Arg-GlcNAc-omics profiling reveals that SseK3 modifies Rab1 and some phylogenetically related Rab GTPases. These modifications are dependent on C-termini of Rabs but independent of the GTP- or GDP-bound forms. Arginine GlcNAcylation occurs in the switch II region and the third α-helix and severely disturbs the function of Rab1. The arginine GlcNAc transferase activity of SseK3 is required for the replication of Salmonella in RAW264.7 macrophages and bacterial virulence in the mouse model of Salmonella infection. Therefore, this SseK3 mechanism of action represents a new understanding of the strategy adopted by Salmonella to target host trafficking systems.
A negative feedback loop between JNK-associated leucine zipper protein and TGF-β1 regulates kidney fibrosis
Authors: Yan Qi , Zhu Kai , Zhang Lu , Fu Qiang , Chen Zhaowei , Liu Shan , Fu Dou , Nakazato Ryota , Yoshioka Katsuji , Diao Bo , Ding Guohua , Li Xiaogang , Wang Huiming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRenal fibrosis is controlled by profibrotic and antifibrotic forces. Exploring anti-fibrosis factors and mechanisms is an attractive strategy to prevent organ failure. Here we identified the JNK-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP) as a potential endogenous antifibrotic factor. JLP, predominantly expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in normal human or mouse kidneys, was downregulated in fibrotic kidneys. Jlp deficiency resulted in more severe renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice, while renal fibrosis resistance was observed in TECs-specific transgenic Jlp mice. JLP executes its protective role in renal fibrosis via negatively regulating TGF-β1 expression and autophagy, and the profibrotic effects of ECM production, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in TECs. We further found that TGF-β1 and FGF-2 could negatively regulate the expression of JLP. Our study suggests that JLP plays a central role in renal fibrosis via its negative crosstalk with the profibrotic factor, TGF-β1.
The methylation status of the embryonic limb skeletal progenitors determines their cell fate in chicken
Authors: Sanchez-Fernandez Cristina , Lorda-Diez Carlos Ignacio , Hurlé Juan M. , Montero Juan Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDigits shape is sculpted by interdigital programmed cell death during limb development. Here, we show that DNA breakage in the periphery of 5-methylcytosine nuclei foci of interdigital precursors precedes cell death. These cells showed higher genome instability than the digit-forming precursors when exposed to X-ray irradiation or local bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) treatments. Regional but not global DNA methylation differences were found between both progenitors. DNA-Methyl-Transferases (DNMTs) including DNMT1, DNMT3B and, to a lesser extent, DNMT3A, exhibited well-defined expression patterns in regions destined to degenerate, as the interdigital tissue and the prospective joint regions. Dnmt3b functional experiments revealed an inverse regulation of cell death and cartilage differentiation, by transcriptional regulation of key genes including Sox9, Scleraxis, p21 and Bak1, via differential methylation of CpG islands across their promoters. Our findings point to a regulation of cell death versus chondrogenesis of limb skeletal precursors based on epigenetic mechanisms.
In vivo dual RNA-seq reveals that neutrophil recruitment underlies differential tissue tropism of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Minhas Vikrant , Aprianto Rieza , McAllister Lauren J. , Wang Hui , David Shannon C. , McLean Kimberley T. , Comerford Iain , McColl Shaun R. , Paton James C. , Veening Jan-Willem , Trappetti Claudia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae is a genetically diverse human-adapted pathogen commonly carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx. We have recently shown that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the raffinose pathway regulatory gene rafR accounts for a difference in the capacity of clonally-related strains to cause localised versus systemic infection. Using dual RNA-seq, we show that this SNP affects expression of bacterial genes encoding multiple sugar transporters, and fine-tunes carbohydrate metabolism, along with extensive rewiring of host transcriptional responses to infection, particularly expression of genes encoding cytokine and chemokine ligands and receptors. The data predict a crucial role for differential neutrophil recruitment (confirmed by in vivo neutrophil depletion and IL-17 neutralization) indicating that early detection of bacteria by the host in the lung environment is crucial for effective clearance. Thus, dual RNA-seq provides a powerful tool for understanding complex host-pathogen interactions and reveals how a single bacterial SNP can drive differential disease outcomes.
Social Communication Predictors of Successful Inclusion Experiences for Students With Autism in an Early Childhood Lab School
Authors: Siller Michael , Morgan Lindee , Fuhrmeister Sally 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This study examined predictors of preschool enrollment and attendance in an inclusive, university-based lab preschool (Preschool Education Lab [PEL]) serving children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method
PEL operates as a full-day, state-licensed preschool and consists of three classrooms serving 2-, 3-, and 4-year-olds (class sizes of 12, 16, and 18 children, respectively). Between July 2018 and October 2019, parents of 84 children with a prior diagnosis of ASD or parental concerns about ASD contacted PEL to seek enrollment. Parents completed several eligibility surveys, including a demographic survey and the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MB-CDI). The process for determining eligibility and enrollment consisted of four steps: Step 1, review of eligibility surveys to select children for an in-person eligibility observation (EO); Step 2, completion of an in-person EO to determine program eligibility; Step 3, enrollment of eligible and interested families; and Step 4, sustained PEL attendance.

Results
We used logistic regression analyses to identify child or demographic characteristics that predict decisions at each step. Results show that parent-reported early gestures (MB-CDI) were the strongest predictor of PEL's decision to invite children for an EO (Step 1). Furthermore, higher parent-reported language skills (MB-CDI, Words Produced) and a younger chronological age were the strongest predictors of PEL's decision to invite families to enroll (Step 2). Whether eligible families chose to enroll (Step 3) and whether enrolled families chose to remain enrolled (Step 4) were best explained by practical family considerations such as tuition expenses, daily commute, and alternative programming options.

Conclusion
This research paints a complex picture of forces that influence placement decisions for children with ASD who seek enrollment in an inclusive early childhood education program. A better understanding of these forces is necessary to evaluate outcomes and increase access to inclusive preschool options for children with ASD.
Total hip arthroplasty performed by direct anterior approach – Does experience influence the learning curve?
Authors: Foissey Constant , Fauvernier Mathieu , Fary Cam , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien , Batailler Cécile 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Proficiency in the direct anterior approach (DAA) as with many surgical techniques is considered to be challenging. Added to this is the controversy of the benefits of DAA compared to other total hip arthroplasty (THA) approaches. Our study aims to assess the influence of experience on learning curve and clinical results when transitioning from THA via posterior approach in a lateral position to DAA in a supine position. Methods: A consecutive retrospective series of 525 total hip arthroplasty of one senior and six junior surgeons was retrospectively analysed from May 2013 to December 2017. Clinical results were analysed and compared between the two groups and represented as a learning curve. Mean follow up was 36.2 months ± 11.8. Results: This study found a significant difference in complications between the senior and junior surgeons for operating time, infection rate, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) neuropraxia. A trainee’s learning curve was an average of 10 DAA procedures before matching the senior surgeon. Of note, the early complications correlated with intraoperative fractures increased with experience in both groups. Operating time for the senior equalised after 70 cases. Dislocation rate and limb length discrepancy were excellent and did not show a learning curve between the two groups. Conclusion: DAA is a safe approach to implant a THA. There is a learning curve and initial supervision is recommended for both seniors and trainees. Level of evidence: Retrospective, consecutive case series; level IV.
Peritoneale und retroperitoneale Anatomie für Radiologen
Authors: Wessling Johannes , Ringe Kristina , Juchems Markus , Grenacher Lars , Schreyer Andreas G. 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag liefert das Rüstzeug für ein fundiertes radiologisch-anatomisches Verständnis des Intra- und Retroperitonealraums. Typische Ausbreitungsmuster von Erkrankungen werden systematisch pathoanatomisch erläutert und ihr Potenzial für (differenzial-)diagnostische Rückschlüsse aufgezeigt.
Dantrolene-Induced Hepatitis: A Rare Culprit in the PICU
Authors: Pasrija Divij , Gupta Shilpi , Hassinger Amanda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDantrolene is used for reversal of malignant hyperthermia and for improvement in spasticity following stroke which are Food and Drug Administration-approved indications. It is an infrequently used medication in the pediatric intensive care unit and is usually continued from the operating room or sedation suite after suspicion for malignant hyperthermia, secondary to other medications and anesthetic agents. Hepatitis has been described as a side effect of the medication after prolonged use and at doses of more than 100 mg/d mainly in adults. We described in this case report a patient in which the drug was used for sympathetic overactivity in the PICU and development of asymptomatic hepatitis on day 3 after starting the medication at a dose much lower than previously described.
Phosphorylation barcode-dependent signal bias of the dopamine D1 receptor
Authors: Kaya Ali I. , Perry Nicole A. , Gurevich Vsevolod V. , Iverson T. M. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
The functional importance of receptor phosphorylation in GPCR regulation has been demonstrated. Over the past decade, the phospho-barcode concept was developed to explain the multidimensional nature of the arrestin-dependent signaling network downstream of GPCRs. Here, we used the dopamine-1 receptor (D1R) to explore the effect of receptor phosphorylation on G protein-dependent and arrestin-dependent ERK and Src activation. Our studies suggest that D1R intracellular loop-3 phosphorylation affects both G proteins and arrestins. Differential D1R phosphorylation can direct signaling toward ERK or Src activation. This implies that phosphorylation induces different conformations of receptor and/or bound arrestin to initiate or select different cellular signaling pathways.
Second language comprehensibility as a dynamic construct
Authors: Trofimovich Pavel , Nagle Charles L. , O’Brien Mary Grantham , Kennedy Sara , Taylor Reid Kym , Strachan Lauren 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study examined longitudinal changes in second language (L2) interlocutors’ mutual comprehensibility ratings
(perceived ease of understanding speech), targeting comprehensibility as a dynamic, time-varying, interaction-centered construct.
In a repeated-measures, within-participants design, 20 pairs of L2 English university students from different language backgrounds
engaged in three collaborative and interactive tasks over 17 minutes, rating their partner’s comprehensibility at 2–3 minute
intervals using 100-millimeter scales (seven ratings per interlocutor). Mutual comprehensibility ratings followed a U-shaped
function over time, with comprehensibility (initially perceived to be high) being affected by task complexity but then reaching
high levels by the end of the interaction. The interlocutors’ ratings also became more similar to each other early on and remained
aligned throughout the interaction. These findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of comprehensibility between L2 interlocutors
and suggest the need for L2 comprehensibility research to account for the effects of interaction, task, and time on
comprehensibility measurements.
Expanding the scope of L2 intelligibility research
Authors: Nagle Charles L. , Huensch Amanda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study investigated relationships among intelligibility, comprehensibility, and accentedness in the speech of
L2 learners of Spanish who completed a prompted response speaking task. Thirty native Spanish listeners from Spain were recruited
through Amazon Mechanical Turk to transcribe and rate extracted utterances, which were also coded for grammatical and phonemic
errors, and speaking rate. Descriptively, although most utterances were intelligible, their comprehensibility and accentedness
varied substantially. Mixed-effects modeling showed that comprehensibility was significantly associated with intelligibility
whereas accentedness was not. Additionally, phonemic and grammatical errors were significant predictors of intelligibility and
comprehensibility, but only phonemic errors were significantly related to accentedness. Overall, phonemic errors displayed a
stronger negative association with the listener-based dimensions than grammatical errors. These findings suggest that
English-speaking learners of Spanish are not as uniformly intelligible and comprehensible as FL instructors might believe and shed
light on relationships among speech constructs in an L2 other than English.
Dielectric function decomposition by dipole interaction distribution: application to triclinic K2Cr2O7
Authors: Sturm C , Höfer S , Hingerl K , Mayerhöfer T G , Grundmann M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Here we present a general approach for the description for the frequency dependent dielectric tensor coefficients for optically anisotropic materials. Based on symmetry arguments we show that the components of the dielectric tensor are in general not independent of each other. For each excitation there exists an eigensystem, where its contribution to the dielectric tensor can be described by a diagonal susceptibility tensor. From the orientation of the eigensystem and the relative magnitude of the tensor elements, the dipole interaction distribution in real space can be deduced. In the limiting cases, the oriented dipole approach as well as the tensor of isotropic and uniaxial materials are obtained. The application of this model is demonstrated exemplarily on triclinic K2Cr2O7 and the orientation and directional distribution of the corresponding dipole moments in real space are determined.
Lexical analysis of technical terms in the field of materials science
Authors: Kandrashkina O O , Revina E V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article presents lexico-morphological analysis of terminology in the research articles on materials science. The article considers lexical features distinguished in scientific texts. The main purpose of the paper is to reveal the most frequent and productive types of word formation used in making specialized words and terms in technical English. For carrying out the linguistic study the analysis of the immediate constituents has been applied. Special attention is given to affixation, composition and contraction as the means of forming new words in the materials science engineering. Compounding or composition has been regarded as an important source of forming new words. Compound adjectives functioning as attributes are found to be primarily used for describing materials physical and chemical properties, conditions and stages of the experiments. Derivational units include borrowed and native productive or non-productive frequent affixes connected with different scientific notions. The study has been carried out on the technical terms and vocabulary from the journals “Advanced engineering materials” and “Advanced composite materials”.
Significance of specially protected nature areas in protection of resource potential of urbanized regions (the case of Volgograd region)
Authors: Starokozheva G I , Mitrofanova I V , Batmanova V V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Strengthening of the functional role of cities in the development of regions is always associated with a change in local geographical characteristics connected with the joining of the areas beyond the fixed boundaries of urbanized territories. As a result of this process, the areas occupied by natural ecosystems are reduced, new resources are involved into the technogenic use, and the natural potential of the neighboring territories is exhausted and depleted. That is why such a method of resources’ protection as conservation of nature areas is of a particular importance for the regions with a high level of urbanization, for example, Volgograd region. The main idea of the article determined the logic and methods of research. The cartographic analysis made it possible to distinguish specially protected nature areas of the region according to their location in respect of urbanized administrative entities. On the basis of the statistical processing of the data found in the reports of the authorized regional authority, the current state and dynamics of development of specially protected nature areas are found according to categories, level of subordination, number, areas, types of resources’ diversity. Particular attention is paid to the degree of vulnerability and to the threats of the impact of human activity on nature and resource potential of specially protected nature areas when the cities are spatially planned. Attention is also paid to the ways of protection from negative effects. The study showed that the limitation of anthropogenic processes within the boundaries of specially protected nature areas makes it possible to preserve thousands of biological resources from destruction, protect hundreds of water sources from pollution, and provide a compliance of “friendly” human habitat to industrial and technological requirements. As a result, the article proves high importance of specially protected nature areas as a way of conservation of the natural potential of Volgograd region. It also determines the relevant tasks of security activities and methods for its effectiveness growth.