bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat related illness among workers in Washington State: A descriptive study using workers' compensation claims, 2006‐2017
Authors: Hesketh Martell , Wuellner Sara , Robinson Amanda , Adams Darrin , Smith Caroline , Bonauto David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHeat related illness (HRI) places a significant burden on the health and safety of working populations and its impacts will likely increase with climate change. The aim of this study was to characterize the demographic and occupational characteristics of Washington workers who suffered from HRI from 2006 to 2017 using workers' compensation claims data.MethodsWe used Washington workers' compensation data linked to weather station data to identify cases of work‐related HRI. We utilized Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System codes, International Classification of Diseases 9/10 codes, and medical review to identify accepted and rejected Washington State (WA) workers' compensation claims for HRI from 2006 to 2017. We estimated rates of HRI by industry and evaluated patterns by ambient temperature.ResultsWe detected 918 confirmed Washington workers' compensation HRI claims from 2006 to 2017, 654 were accepted and 264 were rejected. Public Administration had the highest third quarter rate (131.3 per 100 000 full time employees [FTE]), followed by Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting (102.6 per 100 000 FTE). The median maximum daytime temperature was below the Washington heat rule threshold for 45% of the accepted HRI claims. Latinos were estimated to be overrepresented in HRI cases.ConclusionThe WA heat rule threshold may not be adequately protecting workers and racial disparities are present in occupational HRI. Employers should take additional precautions to prevent HRI depending on the intensity of heat exposure. States without heat rules and with large industry sectors disproportionately affected by HRI should consider regulations to protect outdoor workers in the face of more frequent and extreme heat waves.
Iron‐MOF‐Catalyzed Domino Cyclization and Aromatization Strategy for the Synthesis of 2,4‐Diarylquinolines
Authors: Devarajan Nainamalai , Suresh Palaniswamy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn iron‐based metal‐organic framework, Fe(BTC) has been used as an efficient heterogeneous and sustainable catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4‐diarylquinolines via three‐component Povarov reaction. The presence of a high concentration of coordinatively unsaturated Fe3+ sites of Fe(BTC) efficiently catalyzes the formation of diarylquinolines in the presence of environmentally friendly air as an oxidant. The present methodology avoids the stoichiometric amount of catalyst and sensitive reagents. A series of 2,4‐diarylquinolines have been synthesized via Povarov synthesis in good to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance. The catalyst was easily separated by simple filtration and reused for more than five times without any remarkable loss in activity. Hot filtration test, FTIR, PXRD and SEM characterizations of reused catalyst confirmed the true heterogeneity and the stability of the catalyst. The efficiency of Fe(BTC) catalyst is compared with other homogeneous catalytic systems which enlighten the uniqueness of the present methodology.
Tuning Intramolecular Charge Transfer through Adjusting Hydrogen Bonding by Anions
Authors: Gu Yanan , Shen Han , Li Yongjun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study we found that appropriate introduction of OH groups as the proton donor and amine as the electron donors to the perylene bisimide core can result in hydrogen‐bonded structures that facilitate tunable intramolecular charge transfer. Addition of F− anions can disrupt the intramolecular hydrogen bonds, therefore facilitate intracomplex proton transfer from O−H to F−, excess fluoride promotes deprotonation of the ground‐state complex. Therefore multiple fluorescence emission can be provided by this system. We used NMR, UV‐Vis‐NIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize these processes. The corresponding pronounced changes in photophysical properties (including color changes from green to blue to red) suggest new opportunities for creating novel functional supramolecular systems, such as multistate fluorescent switches.
Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Dihydrofuro[3,4‐b]quinolines from o‐Alkynylquinoline‐MBH Adducts and Evaluation of their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Tiwari Sandip Kumar , Singh Virender 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA simple and facile approach is described for the regioselective synthesis of dihydrofuro[3,4‐b]quinolines from ortho‐alkynylquinoline‐Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman adducts under mild reaction conditions. Interestingly, in case of aromatic alkynes, 5‐exo‐dig cyclization was observed, while in case of aliphatic long chain alkynes, 6‐endo‐dig cyclized products were obtained. The present approach does not require any dry conditions, tedious work‐up or inert atmosphere for the production of dihydrofuro[3,4‐b]quinolines. The exact structures and stereochemistry of the synthesized molecules were assigned by NMR and X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Their photophysical properties were also evaluated.
Synthesis of Axially Chiral Styrenes through Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric C−H Olefination Enabled by an Amino Amide Transient Directing Group
Authors: Song Hong , Li Ya , Yao Qi‐Jun , Jin Liang , Liu Lei , Liu Yan‐Hua , Shi Bing‐Feng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral styrenes remains a formidable challenge due to their relatively lower rotational barriers compared to the biaryl atropoisomers. Herein, we describe the construction of axially chiral styrenes through PdII‐catalyzed atroposelective C−H olefination, using a bulky amino amide as a transient chiral auxiliary. Various axially chiral styrenes were produced with good yields and high enantioselectivity (up to 95 % yield and 99 %ee). Carboxylic acid derivatives of the resulting axially chiral styrenes showed superior enantiocontrol over the biaryl counterparts in CoIII‐catalyzed enantioselective C(sp3)−H amidation of thioamide. Mechanistic studies suggest that C−H cleavage is the enantioselectivity‐determining step.
Investigation on agglomeration kinetics of acetaminophen using fluidized bed wet granulation
Authors: Pathi Suresh , Kumar Rajesh , Surasani Vikranth Kumar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcetaminophen is a well‐known medicine frequently used as analgesic in fever treatment. In pharmaceutical formulation procedure, batch fluidized bed wet granulation is a bottleneck process for the continuous processing of acetaminophen from powder to solid dosage form. To meet the market demand and reduce operating costs, fluid bed wet granulation needs process intensification by converting batch to continuous process. For the scale‐up and batch to continuous conversion procedure, investigation on acetaminophen agglomeration kinetics is necessary. Therefore, this work investigates agglomeration kinetics of acetaminophen through batch fluidized bed wet granulation experiments, and the kinetic parameters are estimated using inverse modeling. Experiments are conducted on a 5‐L capacity pilot scale batch fluidized bed granulator. The effects of various process parameters, namely, binder concentration, spray rate, atomization pressure, and batch size, on particle size distribution are investigated. A 1‐D population balance model with Equi‐Kinetic Energy kernel for agglomeration is simulated to compare with the experimental data. The mean particle diameter increased when binder spray rate and binder concentration are increased and that the mean particle diameter decreased with increase in the atomization pressure and batch size. Experiments data comparison with the model can be used for process intensification with reasonable accuracy.
Role of Low‐Density Lipoprotein in Early Vascular Aging Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Chan Hua‐Chen , Chan Hsiu‐Chuan , Liang Chan‐Jung , Lee Hsiang‐Chun , Su Hung , Lee An‐Sheng , Shiea Jentaie , Tsai Wen‐Chan , Ou Tsan‐Teng , Wu Cheng‐Chin , Chu Chih‐Sheng , Dixon Richard A. , Ke Liang‐Yin , Yen Jeng‐Hsien , Chen Chu‐Huang 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivePatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often have atherosclerotic complications at a young age but normal low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of LDL composition in promoting early vascular aging in SLE patients.MethodsPlasma LDL from 45 SLE patients (SLE‐LDL) and from 37 normal healthy controls (N‐LDL) was chromatographically divided into 5 subfractions (L1–L5), and the subfraction composition was analyzed. Correlations between subfraction levels and signs of early vascular aging were assessed. Mechanisms of lipid‐mediated endothelial dysfunction were explored using in vitro assays and experiments in apoE−/− mice.ResultsThe L5 percentage was increased 3.4 times in the plasma of SLE patients compared with normal controls. This increased percentage of SLE‐L5 was positively correlated with the mean blood pressure (r = 0.27, P = 0.04), carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) (right carotid IMT, r = 0.4, P = 0.004; left carotid IMT, r = 0.36, P = 0.01), pulse wave velocity (r = 0.29, P = 0.04), and blood levels of CD16+ monocytes (r = 0.35, P = 0.004) and CX3CL1 cytokines (r = 0.43, P < 0.001) in SLE patients. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis revealed that plasma levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and platelet‐activating factor (PAF) were increased in SLE‐LDL and in the SLE‐L5 plasma subfraction. Injecting SLE‐LDL, SLE‐L5, or LPC into young, male apoE−/− mice caused increases in plasma CX3CL1 levels, aortic fatty‐streak areas, aortic vascular aging, and macrophage infiltration into the aortic wall, whereas injection of N‐LDL or SLE‐L1 had negligible effects (n = 3–8 mice per group). In vitro, SLE‐L5 lipid extracts induced increases in CX3CR1 and CD16 expression in human monocytes; synthetic PAF and LPC had similar effects. Furthermore, lipid extracts of SLE‐LDL and SLE‐L5 induced the expression of CX3CL1 and enhanced monocyte–endothelial cell adhesion in assays with bovine aortic endothelial cells.ConclusionAn increase in plasma L5 levels, not total LDL concentration, may promote early vascular aging in SLE patients, leading to premature atherosclerosis.
Understanding Language Evolution: Beyond Pan‐Centrism
Authors: Lameira Adriano R. , Call Josep 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLanguage does not fossilize but this does not mean that the language's evolutionary timeline is lost forever. Great apes provide a window back in time on our last prelinguistic ancestor's communication and cognition. Phylogeny and cladistics implicitly conjure Pan (chimpanzees, bonobos) as a superior (often the only) model for language evolution compared with earlier diverging lineages, Gorilla and Pongo (orangutans). Here, in reviewing the literature, it is shown that Pan do not surpass other great apes along genetic, cognitive, ecologic, or vocal traits that are putatively paramount for language onset and evolution. Instead, revived herein is the idea that only by abandoning single‐species models and learning about the variation among great apes, there might be a chance to retrieve lost fragments of the evolutionary timeline of language.
Engineering Tools for the Development of Recombinant Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Cho Sung Won , Yim Jaewoo , Seo Sang Woo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLactic acid bacteria (LAB) is mainly used in food fermentation. In addition, LAB fermentation technology has been studied in the development of industrial food additives, nutrients, or enzymes used in food processing. In the field of red biotechnology, LAB is approved and is generally recognized as a safe organism and is considered safe for biotherapeutic treatments. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the medicinal value of therapeutic recombinant LAB and the suitability of innate mechanisms of secretion and anchoring for therapeutic applications such as antibody or vaccine production. However, the gram‐positive phenotypic trait of LAB creates challenges for genetic modifications when compared to other conventional workhorse bacteria, resulting in exclusive developments of genetic tools for engineering LAB. In this review, several distinct approaches in gene expression for engineering LAB are discussed.
Technologies to improve the sensitivity of existing chromatographic methods used for bioanalytical studies
Authors: Chen Zhendong , Gao Yuxiong , Zhong Dafang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChromatographic method has long been recognized as the most widely used separation method in bioanalytical research. However, the relatively low sensitivity of existing chromatographic methods remains a significant challenge, as the requirements for experimental procedures become more demanding. This review discusses the main causes for the low sensitivity of chromatographic methods and aims to introduce different technologies for enhancing their sensitivity in the following aspects: (i) different pretreatment methods for improving clean‐up efficiency and recovery; (ii) derivatization step for altering the chromatographic behavior of analytes and enhancing MS ionization efficiency; (iii) optimal LC–MS conditions and appropriate separation mechanism; and (iv) applications of other chromatographic methods, including miniaturized LC, 2D‐LC, 2D‐GC, and supercritical fluid chromatography. Altogether, this review is devoted to summarizing the recent technologies reported in the literature and providing new strategies for the detection of bioanalytes.
Comparative proteomic analysis of round and elongated spermatids during spermiogenesis in mice
Authors: Li Meining , Li Huahua , Yang Hong , Cheng Rina , Zheng Pengdou , Guo Rui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSpermiogenesis in mammals is an exclusive process during which haploid round spermatids mature into spermatozoa in the testis. Any abnormality in the process of spermiogenesis may result in male infertility. The aim of the present study was to characterize the differentially expressed proteins between round and elongated spermatids in mice using label‐free quantitative mass spectrometry. Of the 2411 proteins identified in this study, 333 were differentially expressed with a ≥10‐fold change, including 208 upregulated proteins and 125 downregulated proteins in round spermatids relative to elongated spermatids. Gene Ontology analysis showed that these differentially expressed proteins were categorized into 10 types of subcellular localizations, 9 molecular functions, and were involved in 9 biological processes. All the identified proteins participated in 268 different pathways. In addition, ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis and the proteasome pathway, autophagy, lysosome, and apoptosis pathways were involved in the mechanism of spermiogenesis. Our data may provide valuable information for a better understanding of spermiogenesis and help improve the diagnosis and treatment of male factor infertility.
Upregulation of AMPA receptor GluA1 phosphorylation by blocking adenosine A1 receptors in the male rat forebrain
Authors: Mao Li‐Min , Wang John Q. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe adenosine A1 receptor is a Gαi/o protein‐coupled receptor and inhibits upon activation cAMP formation and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. As a widely expressed receptor in the mammalian brain, A1 receptors are implicated in the modulation of a variety of neuronal and synaptic activities. In this study, we investigated the role of A1 receptors in the regulation of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in the adult rat brain in vivo.MethodsAdult male Wistar rats were used in this study. After a systemic injection of the A1 antagonist DPCPX, rats were sacrificed and several forebrain regions were collected for assessing changes in phosphorylation of AMPA receptors using Western blots.ResultsA systemic injection of the A1 antagonist DPCPX induced an increase in phosphorylation of AMPA receptor GluA1 subunits at a PKA‐dependent site, serine 845 (S845), in the two subdivisions of the striatum, the caudate putamen, and nucleus accumbens. DPCPX also increased S845 phosphorylation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus. The DPCPX‐stimulated S845 phosphorylation was a transient and reversible event. Blockade of Gαs/olf‐coupled dopamine D1 receptors with a D1 antagonist SCH23390 abolished the responses of S845 phosphorylation to DPCPX in the striatum, mPFC, and hippocampus. DPCPX had no significant impact on phosphorylation of GluA1 at serine 831 and on expression of total GluA1 proteins in all forebrain regions surveyed.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that adenosine A1 receptors maintain an inhibitory tone on GluA1 S845 phosphorylation under normal conditions. Blocking this inhibitory tone leads to the upregulation of GluA1 S845 phosphorylation in the striatum, mPFC, and hippocampus via a D1‐dependent manner.
Challenges in perishable food supply chains for sustainability management: A developing economy perspective
Authors: Kumar Anish , Mangla Sachin Kumar , Kumar Pradeep , Karamperidis Stavros 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPerishable food supply chains (PFSCs) are characterized with rising food quality and safety concerns, alarming food wastages and losses, and poor economic sustainability. Because of the perishable nature of products and limited shelf life, management of sustainability in PFSCs is critical. Many studies on sustainability in PFSCs have considered developed countries; however, developing countries have not gathered the required research attention in this domain. In this paper, a decision theory‐based framework is adopted, where a prescriptive decision analysis methodology is used to generate preferences among the challenges to sustainability in PFSC. An integrated interpretive structural modelling–analytic network process (ISM–ANP) decision framework is formulated to identify and model key challenges to sustainability in PFSCs, keeping a developing economy like India under consideration. The contextual relationships amongst the extracted challenges are analyzed using the ISM methodology. The relationships identified from ISM are used as inputs in the ANP methodology, to generate the priority weights of the challenges. The findings of the integrated methodology show that “lack of horizontal integration of farmers,” “poor pre‐harvest management,” and “lack of government regulation and support” are the most critical challenges for sustainability in PFSCs. The results show that organizations must work on aggregation of farm produce and integration of farmers with the market. Development of infrastructures and cold chain facilities at the farm level is necessary to mitigate these challenges to reduce wastages in PFSC. The study facilitates managers and planners to understand and enable sustainable practices in PFSCs.
Exploring the effect of environmental orientation on financial decisions of businesses at the bottom of the pyramid: Evidence from the microlending context
Authors: Shevchenko Anton , Pan Xiaodan , Calic Goran 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExisting research has accumulated substantial evidence on the effect that an environmental orientation has on businesses' economic performance. Yet this research does not cover small businesses from bottom‐of‐the‐pyramid (BOP) markets. In fact, despite increasing interest in research on BOP markets, the effect of environmental orientation on the financial decision‐making of small businesses from BOP markets has gone largely unexplored. Using a large multicountry data set from a microlending platform, we investigate how the environmental orientation of BOP businesses impacts their financial decisions related to microlending, which ultimately shapes their economic performance. The results indicate that an environmental orientation necessitates BOP businesses to request a higher level of financial capital and ask for longer time to pay it back. Surprisingly, environmental orientation increases the odds of BOP businesses paying back the borrowed capital. These results show that environmental orientation gives rise to both challenges and opportunities for sustainable development in BOP markets.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2‐(2‐Bromo‐3‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole Derivatives as Possible Anti‐Breast Cancer Agents
Authors: Ananth Arjun H. , Manikandan Natarajan , Rajan Ravi Kumar , Elancheran Ramakrishnan , Lakshmithendral Kunasekaran , Ramanathan Muthiah , Bhattacharjee Atanu , Kabilan Senthamaraikannan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBreast Cancer (BCa) is the most often diagnosed cancer among women who were in the late 1940’s. Breast cancer growth is largely dependent on the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptor. Breast cancer cells may have one, both, or none of these receptors. The treatment for breast cancer may involve surgery, hormonal therapy (Tamoxifen, an aromatase inhibitor, etc.) and oral chemotherapeutic drugs. The molecular docking technique reported the findings on the potential binding modes of the 2‐(2‐bromo‐3‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives with the estrogen receptor (PDB ID: 3ERT). The 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives 4a–4j have been synthesized and described by spectroscopic method. 2‐(2‐Bromo‐6‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (4c) was reconfirmed by single‐crystal XRD. All the compounds have been tested in combination with generic Imatinib pharmaceutical drug against breast cancer cell lines isolated from Caucasian woman MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐453 and MCF‐10A non‐cancer cell lines. The compounds with the methoxy (in 4c) and methyl (in 4j) substitution were shown to have significant cytotoxicity, with 4c showing dose‐dependent activation and decreased cell viability. The mechanism of action was reported by induced apoptosis and tested by a DNA enzyme inhibitor experiment (ELISA) for Methyl Transferase. Molecular dynamics simulations were made for hit molecule 4c to study the stability and interaction of the protein−ligand complex. The toxicity properties of ADME were calculated for all the compounds. All these results provide essential information for further clinical trials.
Selectivity Control in Catalytic Reductive Amination of Furfural to Furfurylamine on Supported Catalysts
Authors: Gould Nicholas S. , Landfield Harrison , Dinkelacker Brian , Brady Casper , Yang Xuan , Xu Bingjun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAmines are widely used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, polymers, and surfactants. However, amines are mostly produced via petrochemical means, which motivates amine production from renewable resources, such as biomass. However, biomass compounds present added challenges involving poor carbon balances. We show that furfural reacts homogeneously with ammonia to produce reactive primary imines, which form large side products and leads to significant carbon losses. The carbon balance is improved by mixing furfural with furfurylamine prior to reaction to form a secondary imine for use as the reaction substrate. While controlling the primary to secondary amine selectivity is a common challenge in reductive amination, supported metal catalysts, including Ni/SiO2, Co/SiO2, and Ru/SiO2 optimize the primary amine yield to 90 to 94 % by using the secondary imine as the reaction substrate. A qualitative correlation between the primary to secondary amine selectivity with the nitrogen binding energy of metals is identified.