bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of grinding weld treatment methods using effective notch stresses
Authors: Mecséri B. J. , Kövesdi B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn experimental and numerical research program is executed to investigate the fatigue lifetime increase due to grinding-type post-weld treatment method. Plate edge gusset, longitudinal attachment and T-type joint specimens are investigated using fatigue test results, numerical models and mathematical statistical tools. The favourable impact of grinding on fatigue lifetime of the analysed joints is commonly known for researchers. However, considering the lifetime increasing effect is mainly based on experimental results. In the current research program, numerical models for as-welded and post-weld-treated specimens are developed and the lifetime increasing effect of weld treatment is investigated using effective notch stress (ENS) method. Fatigue tests are executed on as-welded and weld-treated specimens, and their results are comparatively evaluated based on numerical calculations and measured lifetimes. The results prove that the fatigue lifetime of weld treated (ground) details can be predicted with high accuracy by applying modified weld geometry in the numerical model and ENS method. Based on the current investigation, it is proved that the advantage of weld geometry treatment method comes mainly from the modification of the weld geometry at the fatigue critical point. Results also show that the same S-N curve can be applied for both as-welded and ground specimens, if the modified weld geometry is implemented in the numerical model.
Value-Distribution of the Riemann Zeta-Function Along Its Julia Lines
Authors: Steuding Jörn , Suriajaya Ade Irma 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor an arbitrary complex number $$a\ne 0$$

a
≠
0

we consider the distribution of values of the Riemann zeta-function $$\zeta $$
ζ
at the a-points of the function $$\Delta $$
Δ
which appears in the functional equation $$\zeta (s)=\Delta (s)\zeta (1-s)$$

ζ
(
s
)
=
Δ
(
s
)
ζ
(
1
-
s
)

. These a-points $$\delta _a$$

δ
a

are clustered around the critical line $$1/2+i\mathbb {R}$$

1
/
2
+
i
R

which happens to be a Julia line for the essential singularity of $$\zeta $$
ζ
at infinity. We observe a remarkable average behaviour for the sequence of values $$\zeta (\delta _a)$$

ζ
(

δ
a

)

.
Environmental heavy metals and cardiovascular diseases: Status and future direction
Authors: Yang Ai‐Min , Lo Kenneth , Zheng Tong‐Zhang , Yang Jing‐Li , Bai Ya‐Na , Feng Ying‐Qing , Cheng Ning , Liu Si‐Min 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) and environmental degradation are leading global health problems of our time. Recent studies have linked exposure to heavy metals to the risks of CVD and diabetes, particularly in populations from low‐ and middle‐income countries, where concomitant rapid development occurs. In this review, we 1) assessed the totality, quantity, and consistency of the available epidemiological studies, linking heavy metal exposures to the risk of CVD (including stroke and coronary heart disease); 2) discussed the potential biological mechanisms underlying some tantalizing observations in humans; and 3) identified gaps in our knowledge base that must be investigated in future work. An accumulating body of evidence from both experimental and observational studies implicates exposure to heavy metals, in a dose‐response manner, in the increased risk of CVD. The limitations of most existing studies include insufficient statistical power, lack of comprehensive assessment of exposure, and cross‐sectional design. Given the widespread exposure to heavy metals, an urgent need has emerged to investigate these putative associations of environmental exposures, either independently or jointly, with incident CVD outcomes prospectively in well‐characterized cohorts of diverse populations, and to determine potential strategies to prevent and control the impacts of heavy metal exposure on the cardiometabolic health outcomes of individuals and populations.
Scattering of SH Wave by a Semi-Circle Inclusion Embedded in Bi-Material Half Space Surface
Authors: Jang Paeksan , Ri Yongguk , Ri Songchol , Pang Cholho , Ok Changson 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTInvestigation of SH wave scattering by inclusions in bi-material half space is an important issue in engineering. The purpose of this work is to study the dynamic response of a semi-circle inclusion embedded in bi-material half space surface by SH wave. Graf's addition theorem, Green function method and region-matching technique are used to determine the displacement fields in the bi-material half space and the inclusion. The distributions of dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) around the semi-circle inclusion are depicted graphically considering different material parameters. The results show that the frequency and the incidence angle of SH wave, the rigidities of the inclusion and bi-material half space, and the distance from the inclusion to the interface have a great effect on the distribution of DSCF around the inclusion.
Analysis of Antarctic Peninsula glacier frontal ablation rates with respect to iceberg melt-inferred variability in ocean conditions
Authors: Dryak M. C. , Enderlin E. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMarine-terminating glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) have retreated, accelerated and thinned in response to climate change in recent decades. Ocean warming has been implicated as a trigger for these changes in glacier dynamics, yet little data exist near glacier termini to assess the role of ocean warming here. We use remotely-sensed iceberg melt rates seaward of two glaciers on the eastern and six glaciers on the western AP from 2013 to 2019 to explore connections between variations in ocean conditions and glacier frontal ablation. We find iceberg melt rates follow regional ocean temperature variations, with the highest melt rates (mean ≈ 10 cm d−1) at Cadman and Widdowson glaciers in the west and the lowest melt rates (mean ≈ 0.5 cm d−1) at Crane Glacier in the east. Near-coincident glacier frontal ablation rates from 2014 to 2018 vary from ~450 m a−1at Edgeworth and Blanchard glaciers to ~3000 m a−1at Seller Glacier, former Wordie Ice Shelf tributary. Variations in iceberg melt rates and glacier frontal ablation rates are significantly positively correlated around the AP (Spearman'sρ= 0.71,p-value = 0.003). We interpret this correlation as support for previous research suggesting submarine melting of glacier termini exerts control on glacier frontal dynamics around the AP.
Where you are, what you want, and what you can do: The role of master statuses, personality traits, and social cognition in shaping ego network size, structure, and composition
Authors: Brashears Matthew E. , Aufderheide Brashears Laura , Harder Nicolas L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEgo networks are thought to be influenced by the opportunities provided to associate with others given by our master statuses (e.g., race or sex), by the preferences individuals possess for interaction given our personality traits (e.g., extroverted or neurotic), and by the capacity to manage interactions on an ongoing basis given our cognitive ability to recall network information. However, prior research has been unable to examine all three classes of predictors concurrently. We rectify this deficiency in the literature by using a novel dataset of nearly 1000 respondents collected using controlled laboratory designs; using this dataset, we can simultaneously examine the impact of master statuses, personality traits, and social cognitive competencies on ego network size, structure (i.e., density), and composition (i.e., diversity). We find that all classes of predictors influence our ego networks, though in different ways, and point to new avenues for research into human sociability.
Choosing an event description: What a PropBank study reveals about the contrast between light verb constructions and counterpart synthetic verbs
Authors: BONIAL CLAIRE , POLLARD KIMBERLY A. 
Published: April 2020

Light verb constructions (LVCs) in English and Romance languages are somewhat unique crosslinguistically because LVCs in these languages tend to have semantically similar synthetic verb counterparts (Zarco 1999): e.g.make an appearanceandappear. This runs contrary to assumptions in linguistic theories that two competing forms are rarely maintained in a language unless they serve distinct purposes (e.g. Grice 1975). Why do English LVCs exist alongside counterpart synthetic verbs, especially given that synthetic verbs are arguably the more efficient form (Zipf 1949)? It has been proposed that LVCs serve an aspectual function (Prince 1972, Live 1973, Wierzbicka 1982, Tanabe 1999, Butt & Geuder 2001), as there are telic LVC counterparts (e.g.have a thought) of atelic verbs (e.g.think). This proposal has been difficult to evaluate without a large-scale resource providing a markup of both LVCs and counterpart verbs. Addressing this gap in resources, the present research describes the development of guidelines for LVC annotation in the English PropBank (Bonial & Palmer 2015). The focus of this article is the subsequent analysis of these annotations, aimed at uncovering corpus evidence of what contexts call for the use of an LVC over a synthetic verb. The corpus study shows that the general function of LVCs is not an aspectual one and provides distributional evidence that the ease and variety with which LVCs can be modified is the general motivating factor for the use of an LVC.
Does choice of drought index influence estimates of drought-induced rice losses in India?
Authors: Fontes Francisco , Gorst Ashley , Palmer Charles 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDrought events have critical impacts on agricultural production yet there is little consensus on how these should be measured and defined, with implications for drought research and policy. We develop a flexible rainfall-temperature drought index that captures all dry events and we classify these as Type 1 (above-average cooling degree days) and Type 2 droughts (below-average cooling degree days). Applied to a panel dataset of Indian districts over 1966–2009, Type 2 droughts are found to have negative marginal impacts comparable to those of Type 1 droughts. Irrigation more effectively reduces Type 2 drought-induced yield losses than Type 1 yield losses. Over time, Type 1 drought losses have declined while Type 2 losses have risen. Estimates of average yield losses due to Type 1 droughts are reduced by up to 27 per cent when Type 2 droughts are omitted. The associatedex-posteconomic costs in terms of rice production are underestimated by up to 124 per cent.
Wannier–Koopmans method calculations for transition metal oxide band gaps
Authors: Weng Mouyi , Pan Feng , Wang Lin-Wang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe widely used density functional theory (DFT) has a major drawback of underestimating the band gaps of materials. Wannier–Koopmans method (WKM) was recently developed for band gap calculations with accuracy on a par with more complicated methods. WKM has been tested for main group covalent semiconductors, alkali halides, 2D materials, and organic crystals. Here we apply the WKM to another interesting type of material system: the transition metal (TM) oxides. TM oxides can be classified as either with d0 or d10 closed shell occupancy or partially occupied open shell configuration, and the latter is known to be strongly correlated Mott insulators. We found that, while WKM provides adequate band gaps for the d0 and d10 TM oxides, it fails to provide correct band gaps for the group with partially occupied d states. This issue is also found in other mean-field approaches like the GW calculations. We believe that the problem comes from a strong interaction between the occupied and unoccupied d-state Wannier functions in a partially occupied d-state system. We also found that, for pseudopotential calculations including deep core levels, it is necessary to remove the electron densities of these deep core levels in the Hartree and exchange–correlation energy functional when calculating the WKM correction parameters for the d-state Wannier functions.
Ground-state energy estimation of the water molecule on a trapped-ion quantum computer
Authors: Nam Yunseong , Chen Jwo-Sy , Pisenti Neal C. , Wright Kenneth , Delaney Conor , Maslov Dmitri , Brown Kenneth R. , Allen Stewart , Amini Jason M. , Apisdorf Joel , Beck Kristin M. , Blinov Aleksey , Chaplin Vandiver , Chmielewski Mika , Collins Coleman , Debnath Shantanu , Hudek Kai M. , Ducore Andrew M. , Keesan Matthew , Kreikemeier Sarah M. , Mizrahi Jonathan , Solomon Phil , Williams Mike , Wong-Campos Jaime David , Moehring David , Monroe Christopher , Kim Jungsang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQuantum computing leverages the quantum resources of superposition and entanglement to efficiently solve computational problems considered intractable for classical computers. Examples include calculating molecular and nuclear structure, simulating strongly interacting electron systems, and modeling aspects of material function. While substantial theoretical advances have been made in mapping these problems to quantum algorithms, there remains a large gap between the resource requirements for solving such problems and the capabilities of currently available quantum hardware. Bridging this gap will require a co-design approach, where the expression of algorithms is developed in conjunction with the hardware itself to optimize execution. Here we describe an extensible co-design framework for solving chemistry problems on a trapped-ion quantum computer and apply it to estimating the ground-state energy of the water molecule using the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) method. The controllability of the trapped-ion quantum computer enables robust energy estimates using the prepared VQE ansatz states. The systematic and statistical errors are comparable to the chemical accuracy, which is the target threshold necessary for predicting the rates of chemical reaction dynamics, without resorting to any error mitigation techniques based on Richardson extrapolation.
Blood flow-restricted resistance exercise alters the surface profile, miRNA cargo and functional impact of circulating extracellular vesicles
Authors: Just Jesper , Yan Yan , Farup Jean , Sieljacks Peter , Sloth Mette , Venø Morten , Gu Tingting , de Paoli Frank Vincenzo , Nyengaard Jens Randel , Bæk Rikke , Jørgensen Malene Møller , Kjems Jørgen , Vissing Kristian , Drasbek Kim Ryun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIschemic exercise conducted as low-load blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFRE) can lead to muscle remodelling and promote muscle growth, possibly through activation of muscle precursor cells. Cell activation can be triggered by blood borne extracellular vesicles (EVs) as these nano-sized particles are involved in long distance signalling. In this study, EVs isolated from plasma of healthy human subjects performing a single bout of BFRE were investigated for their change in EV surface profiles and miRNA cargos as well as their impact on skeletal muscle precursor cell proliferation. We found that after BFRE, five EV surface markers and 12 miRNAs were significantly altered. Furthermore, target prediction and functional enrichment analysis of the miRNAs revealed several target genes that are associated to biological pathways involved in skeletal muscle protein turnover. Interestingly, EVs from BFRE plasma increased the proliferation of muscle precursor cells. In addition, alterations in surface markers and miRNAs indicated that the combination of exercise and ischemic conditioning during BFRE can stimulate blood cells to release EVs. These results support that BFRE promotes EV release to engage in muscle remodelling and/or growth processes.
Native/citrullinated LL37-specific T-cells help autoantibody production in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Lande R. , Palazzo R. , Gestermann N. , Jandus C. , Falchi M. , Spadaro F. , Riccieri V. , James E. A. , Butera A. , Boirivant M. , Feldmeyer L. , Surbeck I. , Di Lucca J. , Stuber F. , Spinelli F. R. , Botti E. , Marinari B. , Bianchi L. , Pica R. , Cerbelli B. , Giannakakis K. , Auteri S. E. , Daniels I. , Durrant L. G. , Horstman S. , Costanzo A. , Romero P. , Alessandri C. , Conti F. , Valesini G. , Gilliet M. , Chizzolini C. , Frasca L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLL37 exerts a dual pathogenic role in psoriasis. Bound to self-DNA/RNA, LL37 licenses autoreactivity by stimulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells-(pDCs)-Type I interferon (IFN-I) and acts as autoantigen for pathogenic Th17-cells. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), LL37 also triggers IFN-I in pDCs and is target of pathogenic autoantibodies. However, whether LL37 activates T-cells in SLE and how the latter differ from psoriasis LL37-specific T-cells is unknown. Here we found that 45% SLE patients had circulating T-cells strongly responding to LL37, which correlate with anti-LL37 antibodies/disease activity. In contrast to psoriatic Th17-cells, these LL37-specific SLE T-cells displayed a T-follicular helper-(TFH)-like phenotype, with CXCR5/Bcl-6 and IL-21 expression, implicating a role in stimulation of pathogenic autoantibodies. Accordingly, SLE LL37-specific T-cells promoted B-cell secretion of pathogenic anti-LL37 antibodiesin vitro. Importantly, we identified abundant citrullinated LL37 (cit-LL37) in SLE tissues (skin and kidney) and observed very pronounced reactivity of LL37-specific SLE T-cells to cit-LL37, compared to native-LL37, which was much more occasional in psoriasis. Thus, in SLE, we identified LL37-specific T-cells with a distinct functional specialization and antigenic specificity. This suggests that autoantigenic specificity is independent from the nature of the autoantigen, but rather relies on the disease-specific milieu driving T-cell subset polarization and autoantigen modifications.
Search trends and prediction of human brucellosis using Baidu index data from 2011 to 2018 in China
Authors: Zhao Chenhao , Yang Yuhan , Wu Songyu , Wu Wenchao , Xue Hetian , An Kai , Zhen Qing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReporting on brucellosis, a relatively rare infectious disease caused by Brucella, is often delayed or incomplete in traditional disease surveillance systems in China. Internet search engine data related to brucellosis can provide an economical and efficient complement to a conventional surveillance system because people tend to seek brucellosis-related health information from Baidu, the largest search engine in China. In this study, brucellosis incidence data reported by the CDC of China and Baidu index data were gathered to evaluate the relationship between them. We applied an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and an ARIMA model with Baidu search index data as the external variable (ARIMAX) to predict the incidence of brucellosis. The two models based on brucellosis incidence data were then compared, and the ARIMAX model performed better in all the measurements we applied. Our results illustrate that Baidu index data can enhance the traditional surveillance system to monitor and predict brucellosis epidemics in China.
Up-regulation of voltage-gated sodium channels by peptides mimicking S4-S5 linkers reveals a variation of the ligand-receptor mechanism
Authors: Malak Olfat A. , Abderemane-Ali Fayal , Wei Yue , Coyan Fabien C. , Pontus Gilyane , Shaya David , Marionneau Céline , Loussouarn Gildas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProkaryotic NaV channels are tetramers and eukaryotic NaV channels consist of a single subunit containing four domains. Each monomer/domain contains six transmembrane segments (S1-S6), S1-S4 being the voltage-sensor domain and S5-S6 the pore domain. A crystal structure of NaVMs, a prokaryotic NaV channel, suggests that the S4-S5 linker (S4-S5L) interacts with the C-terminus of S6 (S6T) to stabilize the gate in the open state. However, in several voltage-gated potassium channels, using specific S4-S5L-mimicking peptides, we previously demonstrated that S4-S5L/S6T interaction stabilizes the gate in the closed state. Here, we used the same strategy on another prokaryotic NaV channel, NaVSp1, to test whether equivalent peptides stabilize the channel in the open or closed state. A NaVSp1-specific S4-S5L peptide, containing the residues supposed to interact with S6T according to the NaVMs structure, induced both an increase in NaVSp1 current density and a negative shift in the activation curve, consistent with S4-S5L stabilizing the open state. Using this approach on a human NaV channel, hNaV1.4, and testing 12 hNaV1.4 S4-S5L peptides, we identified four activating S4-S5L peptides. These results suggest that, in eukaryotic NaV channels, the S4-S5L of DI, DII and DIII domains allosterically modulate the activation gate and stabilize its open state.
Transcriptomic features of tumour-infiltrating CD4lowCD8high double positive αβ T cells in melanoma
Authors: Parrot Tiphaine , Oger Romain , Allard Mathilde , Desfrançois Juliette , Raingeard de la Blétière Diane , Coutolleau Anne , Preisser Laurence , Khammari Amir , Dréno Brigitte , Delneste Yves , Guardiola Philippe , Fradin Delphine , Gervois Nadine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPeripheral CD4+CD8+double positive (DP) T cells are a phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous population depending on their origin and pathologic context. We previously identified among tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in melanoma, a tumour-reactive MHC class-I restricted CD4lowCD8highDP αβ T-cell subpopulation with CD4-like function. In this study, we used an in-depth comparative transriptomic analysis of intra-melanoma DP T cells and CD4 and CD8 single positive (SP) T cells, to better comprehend the origin of this DP phenotype, and define the transcriptomic signature of activated DP T cells. We observed that intra-melanoma DP T cells were transcriptome-wise closer to their CD8 SP T-cell counterparts in terms of number of genes differentially expressed (97 in common with CD8 SP T cells and 15 with CD4 SP T cells) but presented hallmarks of a transition to a CD4-like functional profile (CD40LG) with a decreased cytotoxic signature (KLRC1) in favour of an increased cytokine-receptor interaction signature (IL4, IL24, IL17A…). This unleashed CD4-like program could be the results of the observed unbalanced expression of the THPOK/Runx3 transcription factors in DP T cells. Overall, this study allow us to speculate that intra-melanoma DP T cells arise from CD8 SP T cells being reprogrammed to a helper function.
Identification of a newly isolated lytic bacteriophage against K24 capsular type, carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates
Authors: Horváth Marianna , Kovács Tamás , Koderivalappil Sarshad , Ábrahám Hajnalka , Rákhely Gábor , Schneider György 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe increasing incidence of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strains (CP-Kps) in the last decade has become a serious global healthcare problem. Therapeutic options for the treatment of emerging hospital clones have drastically narrowed and therefore novel approaches must be considered. Here we have isolated and characterized a lytic bacteriophage, named vB_KpnS_Kp13, that was effective against all Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) producing K. pneumoniae isolates originating from hospital samples (urine, blood, sputum and faeces), belonging to the ST15 clonal lineage and expressing the K24 capsule. Morphological characterization of vB_KpnS_Kp13 showed that the newly identified phage belonged to the Siphoviridae family, and phylogenetic analysis showed that it is part of a distinct clade of the Tunavirinae subfamily. Functional analysis revealed that vB_KpnS_Kp13 had relatively short latent period times (18 minutes) compared to other K. pneumoniae bacteriophages and could degrade biofilm by more than 50% and 70% in 24 and 48 hours respectively. Complete in vivo rescue potential of the new phage was revealed in an intraperitoneal mouse model where phages were administered intraperitoneally 10 minutes after bacterial challenge. Our findings could potentially be used to develop specific anti-CP-Kps bacteriophage-based therapeutic strategies against major clonal lineages and serotypes.