bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast optical variability in supergiant X-ray binaries
Authors: Di Filippantonio D. , Reig P. , Fabregat J. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Recent studies of massive stars using high-precision space photometry have revealed that they commonly exhibit stochastic low-frequency variability.
Aims. The main goal of this work is to investigate the fast photometric variability of the optical counterparts to supergiant X-ray binaries and to compare the general patterns of this variability with that observed in the Galactic population of other early-type stars.
Methods. We selected a sample of 14 high-mass X-ray binaries with supergiant companions observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We also studied 4 Be/X-ray binaries with persistent X-ray emission for comparison. The TESS light curves were created from the full-frame images using the Lightkurve package. The light curves were background subtracted and corrected for scattered light and instrumental effects. Standard Fourier analysis was used to obtain the periodograms. We used a phenomenological model to fit the amplitude spectra and derive the best-fit parameters.
Results. All sources exhibit fast aperiodic light variations. The shape of the periodogram is well described by a red noise component at intermediate frequencies (∼1 − 10 d−1). At lower frequencies, the noise level flattens, while at higher frequencies the periodogram is dominated by white noise. We find that the patterns of variability of the massive companions in supergiant X-ray binaries agree with those of single early-type evolved stars in terms of the general shape of the periodograms. However, they exhibit higher amplitude at low frequencies and lower characteristic frequencies than those of Be/X-ray binaries. Unlike Be/X-ray binaries, supergiant X-ray binaries exhibit a total lack of coherent signals at high frequencies. Most sources have been analyzed over multiple TESS sectors, spanning a duration of 4 years. We do not find any significant variation over time in the low-frequency variability characteristics.
Conclusions. This study reveals that stochastic low-frequency variability is a very common, if not ubiquitous, feature intrinsic to supergiant optical companions in X-ray binaries. The phenomenology of this variability is similar to that of single early-type supergiant stars.
Étude préliminaire du traitement de l’inversé d’occlusion antérieur par appareil amovible
Authors: Lipszyc Noémie 
Published: December 2024

Introduction : l’ intérêt de ce travail est d’étudier l’effet d’une plaque amovible munie de plans de surélévation bilatéraux et de vérins d’expansion antéro-postérieure et transversale chez les patients présentant un inversé d’occlusion antérieur.
Matériels et Méthodes : nous avons réalisé une étude préliminaire basée sur une étude de trois cas. Le dispositif utilisé est une plaque amovible avec deux vérins, un dans le sens transversal et un autre dans le sens antéro-postérieur, et deux plans de surélévation bilatéraux de hauteur suffisante afin d’obtenir une occlusion antérieure correcte. Puis, nous les avons diminués progressivement afin de permettre l’égression des secteurs latéraux.
Résultats : Nous avons obtenu une correction de l’occlusion antérieure ainsi qu’une harmonisation fonctionnelle. Discussion : les auteurs fonctionnalistes ont mis au point des appareils de correction des occlusions antérieures inversées par augmentation de la dimension verticale. Cependant, ces méthodes de traitement sont peu répandues en cabinet.
Conclusion : nous pouvons proposer aux patients présentant une occlusion antérieure inversée un traitement par plans de surélévations afin d’obtenir une harmonisation fonctionnelle et une correction du décalage sagittal.
The Effect of Motivational Interviewing on Caregiver Facilitation of Home Practice
Authors: Benton-Vitz Brittany , Krueger Breanna I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe purpose of the investigation was to determine the feasibility of motivational interviewing (MI) to increase caregiver facilitation of articulation home practice. The number of completed caregiver-facilitated practice sessions was collected daily throughout the investigation. MI was introduced to three caregivers who all identified feelings of ambivalence surrounding home practice. All caregivers participated in at least two MI sessions. There were three demonstrations of an increase in the percentage of home practice facilitation when MI was introduced, which suggests a functional relationship between MI and home practice facilitation. Overall, the data suggested that MI may improve caregiver facilitation of home practice. The results of this investigation demonstrated that all participants improved their ability to facilitate articulation home practice with their children after participating in MI sessions, compared to baseline. Additionally, results indicated that this guiding style of communication may be useful for resolving ambivalence surrounding articulation home practice facilitation.
8.1.1.4 Practical Advances in the Activation and Uses of Lithium Metal in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Crockett M. P. , Aguirre L. S. , Chen S.-K. , Sk M. R. , Thomas A. A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLithium metal continues to play a critical role in advancing the field of chemical synthesis. In this context, the past decade has witnessed several advances in how lithium metal is activated and employed for the preparation of organic and organometallic compounds. Furthermore, it has been widely applied in several significant organic transformations including reductive metalations and Birch reductions. Reviewed herein is the use of lithium metal in synthesis from 2013 to the first half of 2023, with a special emphasis on the development of new sources of lithium metal as well as advances in the substrate scope and practicality of several synthetic transformations.
42.8.18 Alkylphosphonous Acids and Derivatives (Update 2025)
Authors: Stankevič M. , Sowa S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis is an update to the previous Science of Synthesis contribution (from 2009), describing newly developed methods for the synthesis of alkylphosphonous acids and their derivatives. Various synthetic methodologies have been developed, depending on the structure of the final compound. The majority of examples describe mutual interconversions within the product class, with other transformations having been developed far less extensively.
The spatial distribution of soil nitrogen determines responses of Sorghum bicolor to banded phosphorus fertiliser
Authors: Hunter Megan A. , Bell Michael J. , van der Bom Frederik J. T. , Smith Millicent R. , Janke Chelsea K. , McLaren Timothy I. 
Published: December 2024

Context The grain-growing areas of north-eastern Australia are a major producer of grain for human and livestock consumption, but declining soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertility is increasing fertiliser requirements to sustain productivity. Adding a concentrated zone of fertiliser P to the subsoil (i.e. a ‘deep P’ band) is an effective strategy to increase plant P uptake in farming systems reliant on stored soil water. However, crop responses to deep P with contrasting soil N status remain unclear. Aim This study aimed to assess responses of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to fertiliser P with contrasting distributions of soil N. Method A lysimeter experiment was conducted in semi-controlled environment, where sorghum was grown to physiological maturity in P depleted Vertosol with contrasting fertiliser N and P additions. Key findings Responses of sorghum to deep P were optimised when bands were placed in N enriched soil in the 0–20 cm layer, producing comparable biomass to when P was dispersed throughout the soil volume. Localised root proliferation around the deep P band was maximised when bands were placed into N-enriched soil, however plant P uptake was only 77% of that with dispersed P. Conclusions Sorghum responses to deep P were affected by the distribution of soil N within the top 60 cm of the soil profile, with maximum dry matter production, N and P uptake occurring when high concentrations of N and P were co-located in the 0–20 cm layer. Implications Adequate N status of the upper soil profile is required to optimise sorghum responses to deep P.
Relativistic elastic membranes: rotating disks and Dyson spheres
Authors: Mourão Paulo , Natário José , Vicente Rodrigo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We derive the equations of motion for relativistic elastic membranes, that is, two-dimensional elastic bodies whose internal energy depends only on their stretching, starting from a variational principle. We show how to obtain conserved quantities for the membrane’s motion in the presence of spacetime symmetries, determine the membrane’s longitudinal and transverse speeds of sound in isotropic states, and compute the coefficients of linear elasticity with respect to the relaxed configuration. We then use this formalism to discuss two physically interesting systems: a rigidly rotating elastic disk, widely discussed in the context of Ehrenfest’s paradox, and a Dyson sphere, that is, a spherical membrane in equilibrium in Schwarzschild’s spacetime, with the isotropic tangential pressure balancing the gravitational attraction. Surprisingly, although spherically symmetric perturbations of this system are linearly stable, the axi-symmetric dipolar mode is already unstable. This may be taken as a cautionary tale against misconstruing radial stability as true stability.
Revisiting the Dirac nature of neutrinos in the light of Δ(27) and cyclic symmetries
Authors: Dey Manash , Roy Subhankar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Amid the uncertainty regarding the fundamental nature of neutrinos, we adhere to the Dirac description, and construct a model in the framework of Δ(27) symmetry. The model successfully accounts for the hierarchical patterns of both charged lepton and neutrino masses. The neutrino mass matrix exhibits four texture zeroes, and the associated mixing scheme aligns with the experimental data, notably controlled by a single parameter.
An ultra-low-power high-speed variation-resilient DLJLT-PUF for IOT devices
Authors: Panchore Meena , Rajan Chithraja , Singh Jawar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) have emerged as attractive primitives to resolve the various issues of hardware security in integrated circuits, such as cryptographic key generation and chip authentication. However, the power budget and high performance of the ring oscillator (RO) PUF limits the use of ROPUF in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Therefore, an ultra-low-power high-performance ROPUF is needed. Hence, in this article, an ultra-low power, high-speed dopingless (DL)-based PUF is presented and its performance compared with the conventional counterpart junctionless transistor-PUF (JLT-PUF). Here, a PUF circuit is designed using 256 ROs and sensitivity analysis is performed for an RO realized with DL and JLT structure for different doping concentrations. We have observed that the DLJLT-RO is variation resilient and hence less susceptible to process variability issues compared to the JLT-RO. The average power and frequency of the DLJLT-RO are improved by ∼27 and ∼12 times than earlier reported work. The proposed DLJLT-PUF is implemented using 15 nm technology, and a Monte Carlo simulation is performed for 100 runs. The simulation result shows that the DLJLT-PUF has a uniqueness of 46.9% and frequency of 9.1 GHz which is higher than earlier reported work. Hence, the proposed DLJLT-PUF is well suited for the application of chip identification as well as cryptographic key generation.
Moiré physics in two-dimensional materials: Novel quantum phases and electronic properties
Authors: Tian 田 Zi-Yi 子弈 , Li 李 Si-Yu 思宇 , Zhou 周 Hai-Tao 海涛 , Jiang 姜 Yu-Hang 宇航 , Mao 毛 Jin-Hai 金海 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Moiré superlattices have revolutionized the study of two-dimensional materials, enabling unprecedented control over their electronic, magnetic, optical, and mechanical properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in moiré physics, focusing on the formation of moiré superlattices due to rotational misalignment or lattice mismatch in two-dimensional materials. These superlattices induce flat band structures and strong correlation effects, leading to the emergence of exotic quantum phases, such as unconventional superconductivity, correlated insulating states, and fractional quantum anomalous Hall effects. The review also explores the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena and discusses the potential technological applications of moiré physics, offering insights into future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.
Extended-MHD simulations of disruption mitigation via massive gas injection in SPARC
Authors: Kleiner A. , Ferraro N.M. , Sweeney R. , Lyons B.C. , Reinke M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recent developments to the M3D-C1 code enable higher fidelity modeling of disruptions, and can be applied in the design verification of reactor-scale tokamaks. Among these new capabilities is a method to mesh conducting vessel structures such as coils and passive plates, packing of the toroidal mesh around gas injectors, as well as anisotropic resistivity inside the vessel structures. We present extended-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of disruption mitigation via massive gas injection (MGI) in SPARC. The goal of this study is to inform the disruption mitigation layout of SPARC and aid in the design of an effective gas injector configuration. Fully three-dimensional simulations with M3D-C1 are carried out for various injector configurations with the primary goal of determining the effect of different MGI parameters on heat loads and vessel forces. The simulations include a model for impurity ionization, recombination, advection and radiation, as well as spatially resolved conducting structures around the plasma. A localized mixture of deuterium and neon with a small toroidal and poloidal width is injected in up to six locations. We demonstrate that M3D-C1 can model a rapid shutdown via MGI using narrow and more realistic gas plumes than in previous simulations. As a result of the q = 1 surface in the SPARC baseline case a sawtooth is observed early in the simulations. Despite the sawtooth and the onset of edge MHD instabilities, the impurity distribution remains localized around the injector locations, but enables a radiative shutdown of the plasma. We find that using the maximum of six gas injectors results in a lower peaking factor and leads to a more even distribution of radiation toroidally than using two injectors.
Non-Gaussian mean-field method for self-sustaining optomechanical system
Authors: Li Wenlin , Li Song-hai , Cheng Jiong , Zhang X Y 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We introduce a simulation method based on a mean-field theory to treat the entire dynamical process of an oscillator in a self-sustaining optomechanical system, including the absorbed energy, up to the formation of a stable limit cycle. Higher-order nonlinear effects are taken into account and the non-Gaussian amplitude (phase) distribution is characterized by analyzing a set of linearized fluctuation equations in amplitude–phase representation. This method has the same applicability as full numerical simulations with stochastic Langevin equations, but it can greatly reduce the required computational resources. The non-Gaussian dynamics of the oscillator can be largely understood from the evolution of the phase fluctuation in the non-stationary phase, which cannot be described by a constant diffusion factor. Finally, we discuss the generalization of this method to multi-mode systems and show the potential of this method to solve complex quantum problems, such as quantum synchronization.
Referential type opinion formation with fluctuating affinities on social network
Authors: Yano Ryosuke 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The referential type opinion formation with the fluctuating affinities on the social network is investigated. The time evolution of the opinions is written by the DeGroot–Hegselmann–Krause type equation with the fluctuating weights (i.e. affinities). The time evolution of opinions obtained by such fluctuating affinities is calculated by changing the structure of the network. Finally, the stability of clusters of opinions depends on the balance between the mean value and the temperature, which define motions of the affinities.
A Global Military Biomedical Establishment
Authors: Parasidis Efthimios 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the development and modernization of military medicine and the military healthcare infrastructure after WWII and during the Cold War. It bridges this development with the global proliferation of atomic, chemical, and biological weapons programs, and the US military’s drive to create medical countermeasures to combat atomic, chemical, and biowarfare threats. Alongside these developments and discussion of America’s overt military engagements during the Cold War, the chapter discusses the increasing role of covert operations to pursue America’s political, economic, and military goals. This included the creation of a special forces command and increased collaborations between the military and CIA on military missions. The chapter explains how America’s support for Iraq’s chemical weapons program during the Iran-Iraq war of 1980–1988 would later threaten American interests when Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1991.
International Law and Technology as a Critical Project: A Collective Reading
Authors: Van Den Meerssche Dimitri 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This introductory essay traces key themes that run through the five contributions collected in this book review symposium. Distilling common threads and intersecting interventions, the essay aims to draw the contours of an emerging and distinct critical project in the interdisciplinary sphere of international law and technology. It insists on grounding these reflections in the here and now – in relation to the deployment of advanced algorithmic technologies in the ongoing campaign of ethnic cleansing, starvation and civilian targeting in Gaza. A prevailing legal response to harms inflicted or amplified by new technological tools – including military targeting tools such as those deployed in Gaza – has been to extend the reach of existing rights or propose new legal entitlements adapted to the digital domain. In contrast to such attempts at throwing out the ‘normative net’ of international law over a digital domain presumed to be devoid or deficient of norms, critical readings – as illustrated by the essays in this symposium – foreground the co-constitutive relations between the legal and the socio-technical. International legal labour today, as these contributions show, is always already dependent on, constitutive of and routed through digital infrastructures. In tracing these relations and emergent compositions, the critical approaches canvassed here provide both a politically energized exploration of emergent governance formations – extending from the spheres of security and surveillance to the logistical networks that sustain the circulation of capital – and an opening towards new practices of regulation, resistance or refusal orientated towards the material, socio-technical and infrastructural.
Effectiveness of electronic medical record-based strategies for death and hospital admission endpoint capture in pragmatic clinical trials
Authors: Rahafrooz Maryam , Elbers Danne C , Gopal Jay R , Ren Junling , Chan Nathan H , Yildirim Cenk , Desai Akshay S , Santos Abigail A , Murray Karen , Havighurst Thomas , Udell Jacob A , Farkouh Michael E , Cooper Lawton , Gaziano J Michael , Vardeny Orly , Mao Lu , Kim KyungMann , Gagnon David R , Solomon Scott D , Joseph Jacob 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Event capture in clinical trials is resource-intensive, and electronic medical records (EMRs) offer a potential solution. This study develops algorithms for EMR-based death and hospitalization capture and compares them with traditional event capture methods.

Materials and Methods
We compared the effectiveness of EMR-based event capture and site-captured events adjudicated by a clinical endpoint committee in the multi-center INfluenza Vaccine to Effectively Stop cardio Thoracic Events and Decompensated heart failure (INVESTED) trial for participants from the Veterans Affairs healthcare system. Varying time windows around event dates were used to optimize events matching. The algorithms were externally validated for heart failure hospitalizations in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database.

Results
We observed 100% sensitivity for death events with a 1-day window. Sensitivity for cardiovascular, heart failure, pulmonary, and nonspecific cardiopulmonary hospitalizations using discharge diagnosis codes varied between 75% and 95%. Including Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data improved sensitivity with no meaningful decrease in specificity. The MIMIC-IV analysis showed 82% sensitivity and 99% specificity for heart failure hospitalizations.

Discussion
EMR-based method accurately identifies all-cause mortality and demonstrates high accuracy for cardiopulmonary hospitalizations. This study underscores the importance of optimal time windows, data completeness, and domain variability in EMR systems.

Conclusion
EMR-based methods are effective strategies for capturing death and hospitalizations in clinical trials; however, their effectiveness may be influenced by the complexity of events and domain variability across different EMR systems. Nonetheless, EMR-based methods can serve as a valuable complement to traditional methods.
Strategic Incentives for Adopting the Global Minimum Tax
Authors: Cui Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The USA, alongside many other nations, presently faces a vital policy choice: should it adopt the global minimum tax proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, purportedly to ensure basic levels of corporate taxation of large multinationals? I set out a framework for analyzing and predicting global minimum tax adoption by self-interested, national-income-maximizing governments. Contrary to both popular and prior scholarly claims, the global minimum tax is incentive incompatible: countries from which multinationals originate will likely suffer deep losses; the tax’s purported enforcement tool, even read in an aggressive, controversial fashion, is ineffective. The global minimum tax may unravel despite initial adoption. (JEL codes: F23, F55, H25, H73, H87, K34).
A determination of the cosmic microwave background temperature using Galactic molecules
Authors: Cooke Ryan , Welsh Louise 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We report a new, reliable determination of the cyano radical (CN) excitation temperature of diffuse molecular clouds in the Milky Way, based on ultrahigh spectral resolution observations. Our determination is based on CN $B^{2}\Sigma ^{+}-X^{2}\Sigma ^{+}$ (0, 0) vibronic band absorption spectra seen along the lines of sight to eight bright Galactic stars. Our analysis is conducted blind, and we account for multiple sources of systematic uncertainty. Like previous studies, our excitation temperature measures exhibit an intrinsic scatter that exceeds the quoted uncertainties. Accounting for this scatter, we derive a 3 per cent determination of the typical CN excitation temperature, $T_{01}=2.769^{+0.084}_{-0.072}~{\rm K}$, which is consistent with the direct determination of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. We also perform a single joint fit to all sightlines simultaneously, and find that our data can be fit with an excitation temperature $T_{01}=2.725\pm 0.015~{\rm K}$ – a 0.55 per cent measure that is consistent with the CMB temperature. We propose a future observational strategy to reduce systematic uncertainties and firmly test the limitations of using CN as a CMB thermometer.