bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of nonlinear effects of a deep subgrid lake with an atmospheric single‐column model
Authors: Goyette Stéphane , Fonseca Cédric , Truscello Leonard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSome nonlinear aspects due to the coupling of a single column atmospheric model (SCM) with both a land‐surface model (LSM) and a lake model has lately been published by Goyette in 2017. In this previous study, the surface type abruptly changed from land to an open water surface. This article further investigates the potential of this SCM to explore the nonlinear effects through the analysis of the impacts of fractional land and open water surfaces on the surface fluxes and variables, as well as on the atmospheric air temperature, specific humidity, and wind speed vertical profiles, with an application to deep Lake Geneva, Switzerland. It is shown that the coupling methodology depending on the surface type produced realistic and coherent results and indicated that the mean fluxes and other relevant quantities may not be simply averaged on the basis of the fractional area of the land and that of the open water. If Lake Geneva relative surface area is prescribed to its observed value with respect to the model grid‐mesh size, the remaining being land surface, results showed maximum seasonal mean differences of 7.5 and 5.4 W·m−2 for the latent and sensible heat flux in Autumn respectively, 1.6°C, 0.8 g·kg−1 for the screen‐level air temperature and specific humidity in Autumn respectively, and 0.6 m·s−1 for the anemometer‐level windspeed in Winter with respect to the original land surface, owing to the different behaviour of the vertical turbulent transfer of heat, moisture and momentum but also to the different thermal and radiative characteristics of land and water surfaces.
Consistent long‐term Holocene warming trend at different elevations in the Altai Mountains in arid central Asia
Authors: Rao Zhiguo , Guo Haichun , Cao Jiantao , Shi Fuxi , Jia Guodong , Li Yunxia , Chen Fahu 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTRecent results indicate contrasting Holocene moisture histories at different elevations in arid central Asia (ACA). However, relatively little is known about Holocene temperature changes at different elevations. Here we report an independently dated peat brGDGTs‐based MBT'5ME record from the Narenxia peatland (NRX) in the southern Altai Mountains. The record suggests a long‐term warming trend since ~7.7 cal. kyr bp, with a warmer stage during ~7–5.5 cal. kyr bp, a cold stage during ~5.5–4 cal. kyr bp, and a warming trend over the last ~4 kyr. The long‐term warming trend indicated by the NRX MBT'5ME record is largely consistent with Holocene temperature records from nearby sites covering an altitudinal range of ~1700–4100 m above sea level. This consistent long‐term warming trend at different elevations differs from the long‐term Holocene drying/wetting trends at high/low elevations of the Altai Mountains. We propose that the warming trend and consequent permafrost thawing at high elevations could have resulted in increased meltwater runoff, which would have contributed to the long‐term wetting trend at low elevations. Our findings potentially provide an improved understanding of regional climate change and associated water resource availability, with implications for their possible future status.
Downregulated microRNA‐106 inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis through restraining the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Tao Si‐Yi , Zhou Yan‐Lin , Ni Jiang‐Dong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease with poor prognosis. Recent studies demonstrated the change of several microRNAs (miRNAs) in OA and their possibility to be regarded as diagnostic markers for OA. This study was to investigate how miR‐106 mediated the Wnt3a/β‐catenin signaling pathway in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of chondrocytes in OA mice. A mouse OA model was established by using a modified Hulth modeling method. The mice were injected with miR‐106 Agomir or Antagomir to elucidate the role of miR‐106 in pathological structure, cell apoptosis, and inflammation reaction in cartilage tissues of OA mice. The chondrocytes were introduced with miR‐106 Inhibitor or Mimic to probe into the role of miR‐106 in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of chondrocytes. RT‐qPCR and Western blot analysis tested miR‐106, Wnt3a, and β‐catenin expression. Elevated miR‐106 and activated Wnt3a/β‐catenin pathway were presented in cartilage tissues of OA mice. Inhibited miR‐106 declined Wnt3a and β‐catenin expression in cartilage tissues of mice of OA. Declined miR‐106 alleviated pathological changes, inhibited cell apoptosis and inflammation in cartilage tissues, promoted proliferation and differentiation, and suppressed apoptosis of chondrocytes in OA mice. Inactivating the Wnt3a/β‐catenin signaling pathway reversed the up‐regulated miR‐106‐induced suppression of chondrocyte proliferation and deterioration of bone and joint injury. This work makes it clear that downregulated miR‐106 suppresses apoptosis, and promotes the proliferation and differentiation of OA chondrocytes via inactivation of the Wnt3a/β‐catenin pathway, offering a novel treatment approach for human OA.
Multicomponent Stress‐Sensing Composites Fabricated by 3D‐Printing Methodologies
Authors: Rupp Harald , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of mechanoresponsive, 3D‐printed composites are reported using a dual‐printing setup for both, liquid dispensing and fused‐deposition‐modeling. The here reported stress‐sensing materials are based on high‐ and low molecular weight mechanophores, including poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐, polyurethane‐, and alkyl(C11)‐based latent copper(I)bis(N‐heterocyclic carbenes), which can be activated by compression to trigger a fluorogenic, copper(I)‐catalyzed azide/alkyne “click”‐reaction of an azide‐functionalized fluorescent dye inside a bulk polymeric material. Focus is placed on the printability and postprinting activity of the latent mechanophores and the fluorogenic “click”‐components. The multicomponent specimen containing both, azide and alkyne, are manufactured via a 3D‐printer to place the components separately inside the specimen into void spaces generated during the FDM‐process, which subsequently are filled with liquids using a separate liquid dispenser, located within the same 3D‐printing system. The low‐molecular weight mechanophores bearing the alkyl‐C11 chains display the best printability, yielding a mechanochemical response after the 3D‐printing process.
Electroconvulsive Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Takamiya Akihiro , Seki Morinobu , Kudo Shun , Yoshizaki Takahito , Nakahara Jin , Mimura Masaru , Kishimoto Taishiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well‐established treatment for psychiatric disorders, including depression and psychosis. ECT has been reported to be effective in treating such psychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been also reported to be effective in treating motor symptoms. The aim of the study is to summarize previous clinical studies investigating the efficacy of ECT for symptoms in patients with PD.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of any study designs assessing motor and/or non‐motor symptoms in patients with PD before and after ECT. Co‐primary outcomes were set as motor manifestations assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale or other rating scales, and non‐motor symptoms included depression and psychosis. Secondary outcomes were wearing‐off phenomenon and cognitive function. The impact of ECT on those symptoms was examined by comparing the severity of the symptoms before and after ECT using a random effect model and was expressed in standardized mean difference.ResultsOf 1219 identified citations, 14 studies (n = 129; 1 randomized controlled study, 9 prospective observational studies, and 4 retrospective studies) were analyzed. The findings were as follows: ECT significantly improved motor manifestations in patients with PD, and the improvement was significant in the subpopulation without psychiatric symptoms; ECT significantly improved depression and psychosis; and ECT significantly relieved wearing‐off phenomenon and did not worsen cognitive functioning.ConclusionThe current meta‐analysis suggests the potential benefit of ECT on motor and non‐motor symptoms in presumably complicated and difficult‐to‐treat subgroups. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse: Predictors of high risk in a low‐risk population
Authors: Escobar Christina M. , Gomez‐Viso Alejandro , Agrawal Surbhi , Smilen Scott , Rosenblum Nirit , Brucker Benjamin M. , Malacarne Pape Dominique 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimVenous thromboembolism (VTE) rates in vaginal pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair are low. Our aim is to evaluate specific risk factors for VTE in patients undergoing vaginal POP repair.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study using the American College of Surgeons NSQIP database. Using CPT codes, cases of vaginal POP repair between 2014 and 2017 were identified. Patient and operative characteristics were collected. VTE was defined as pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) within 30 days from surgery. Univariate analyses were performed using the Student t test for continuous and χ2 tests for categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors independently associated with VTE.ResultsOf 44 207 women who underwent vaginal POP repair, there were 69 cases of VTE (0.16%). VTE rates for obliterative (0.15%) and functional (0.16%) vaginal POP repair, as well as for repairs with hysterectomy (0.17%) and without hysterectomy (0.12%) were not significantly different (p = .616 and .216, respectively). Multivariate analysis demonstrated predictors for postoperative VTE to be ASA physical status classification ≥ 3 (aOR, 1.99; p = .014), length of stay >75th percentile (aOR, 2.01; p = .007), operative time >3 h (aOR, 2.24; p = .007), and dyspnea (aOR, 3.26, p = .004).ConclusionDespite the low incidence of VTE after vaginal POP repair, patients with ASA physical status classification ≥ 3, length of stay >75th percentile, operative time >3 h, and dyspnea were at higher risk for VTE. Vaginal POP repair may have independent VTE risk factors not captured in standard risk assessment tools.
Investigating the co‐movement between exchange rates and interest rates in the bi‐variate form: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Tursoy Turgut , Mar'i Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

The exchange rate is considered one of the most important economic factors that monetary authorities seek to control in proportion to its current and its future economic activities. In this study, we investigate the interrelationship between the interest rate and exchange rate at different time horizons (overnight, 6 months and up to 1 year) in Turkey using wavelet analysis, mainly continuous wavelet, cross wavelet, and wavelet coherence, during the period from 2005 to 2019. The results indicate that the relationship in the long‐run and short‐run between exchange rate and interest rate is generally positive and this confirms the purchasing power parity theory and Keynesian approach theoretical predictions on the relationship between exchange rate and interest rate—the negative relationship in the short term is consistent with sticky price models. In terms of the causality, although there is no specified pattern for this relationship, it is evident that the behavior of the lead‐lag relationship between the variables, in the long run, is different from the short run, the exchange rate dominates in the long run. In contrast, in the short‐run, there is a bidirectional causality that varies substantially over time and virtually changes from day to day in the short‐run.
Divergent strategy for the synthesis of bottlebrush polymers via postpolymerization modification of macromonomer
Authors: Lee Nam Joo , Kim Dongseok , Yoo Kwangho , Yu Yeji , Kim Byeong‐Su , Kim Jeung Gon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA simple and divergent synthetic strategy of bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) is presented, consisting of postpolymerization modification of a macromonomer and grafting‐through polymerization. Beginning with a single macromonomer, its direct modification could build a library of macromonomers with an identical chain length, thus guaranteeing the precision in the synthesis of BBPs. In this study, a newly designed norbornenyl‐terminated poly(methyl acrylate) (NB‐PMA) is proposed as a chemically robust template. Ti‐mediated transesterification of NB‐PMA successfully produces structurally diverse polyacrylates while maintaining the terminal norbornenyl group intact. All macromonomers obtained from transesterification possess a good grafting‐through ring‐opening metathesis polymerization reactivity, furnishing homo, random, and block BBPs in a controllable manner. Moreover, atomic force microscopy analysis supports the controlled side‐chain length distribution in the resulting BBPs.
Practitioners guide on parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric profile monitoring
Authors: Jones Chelsea L. , Abdel‐Salam Abdel‐Salam G. , Mays D'Arcy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProfile monitoring is one of the methods used in statistical process control () to understand the functional relationship between response and explanatory variables by tracking this relationship and estimating parameters. SPC is done in two phases: In Phase , a statistical model is created and its parameters estimated using historical data. Phase implements the statistical model and monitors the live ongoing process. Control charts are graphical tools used to monitor these functional relationships over time in both Phase and Phase . This study provides a step‐by‐step application for parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric methods in profile monitoring and creates an in‐depth guideline with comparative analysis studies for novice practitioners. A comparative analysis under each distributional assumption is conducted for various control charts.
Influence ofδ18O of water on measurements ofδ18O of nitrite and nitrate
Authors: Kobayashi Kanae , Fukushima Keitaro , Onishi Yuji , Nishina Kazuya , Makabe Akiko , Yano Midori , Wankel Scott D. , Koba Keisuke , Okabe Satoshi 
Published: October 2020

RationaleOxygen isotope ratio measurements of NO2−and NO3−by the azide method and denitrifier method are sensitive to theδ18O value of the sample water. However, the influence ofδ18OH2Oon those measurements has not been quantitatively evaluated and documented so far. Therefore, we investigated the influence ofδ18OH2Oof a sample on theδ18O analysis of NO2−and NO3−.MethodsWe prepared NO2−and NO3−standards (with knownδ18ONO2‐andδ18ONO3‐values) dissolved in waters having differentδ18OH2Ovalues (δ18OH2O = −12.6, 25.9, 56.7, and 110.1‰). Nitrite and nitrate were converted into N2O using the azide method and the denitrifier method, respectively. The isotope ratios of the generated N2O were measured with a Sercon purge‐and‐trap gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (PT‐GC/IRMS) system. The measuredδ18O values of the produced N2O were plotted against knownδ18ONO2‐andδ18ONO3‐values to evaluate the influence of exchange of an oxygen atom with H2O during the conversion of NO2−into N2O and NO3−into N2O, respectively.ResultsThe degree of oxygen isotope exchange was 10.8 ± 0.3% in the azide method and 5.5 ± 1.0% in the denitrifier method, indicating that the azide method is more susceptible to artifacts arising from differences in theδ18OH2Ovalue of water than the denitrifier method. Thus, the intercept of the standard calibration curve must be corrected to account for differences inδ18OH2O. Abiotic NO2–H2O equilibrium isotope effect experiments yielded a rate constant of (1.13 ± 007) × 10−2(h−1) and an equilibrium isotope effect of 11.9 ± 0.1‰ under the condition of pH = 7.5, 30°C, and 2.5% salinity.ConclusionsOxygen isotope ratio measurements of NO2−by the azide method are highly sensitive toδ18OH2Oas a result of significant oxygen isotope exchange between NO2−and H2O. Therefore, to obtain the most accurate measurements water with the sameδ18OH2Ovalue as that of the sample must be used to make the NO2−and NO3−standards.
Is multicomponent environmental flow management always better than the fixed minimum flows for a river ecosystem?
Authors: He Shan , Liu Hongrui , Zhang Enze , Gao Ting 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnvironmental flows (e‐flows) management is a basic task in reservoir operation. A simple approach for managing e‐flows is to maintain a fixed minimum flow, which releases at least a constant amount of water to sustain daily streamflow. Then e‐flows management becomes increasingly more sophisticated. Newer approaches include multicomponent e‐flow management, which provides different flows during different periods. This management approach produces a better flow regime than the fixed minimum flows because it more closely resembles the natural flow regime. However, in addition to e‐flow management strategies, flow regimes are also influenced by reservoir capacity, reservoir inflow, and water supply. The effects of these three variables on flow regime alteration have been rarely studied. To compare the effects of different reservoir capacities, reservoir inflows, and water supply quantities on flow regime alteration, we developed a hypothetical reservoir system for use in numerical experiments. In addition to the fixed minimum flows, we tested the effects of three other widely used e‐flow management strategies on flow regime alteration: the fraction of inflow, flow components, and four‐period release approaches. The range of variability approach is adopted to evaluate the flow regime alteration. The results show that the flow regime alteration decreases with increasing reservoir inflows and increases with increasing water supply quantity for all of the four e‐flow management strategies. We found that for certain values of reservoir capacity, reservoir inflow sequence, or water supply, the simple fixed minimum flows approach may produce the same results as the more sophisticated approaches.
Developing and validating Next Generation Science Standards‐aligned learning progression to track three‐dimensional learning of electrical interactions in high school physical science
Authors: Kaldaras Leonora , Akaeze Hope , Krajcik Joseph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Framework for K‐12 science education (The Framework) and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) emphasize the usefulness of learning progressions in helping align curriculum, instruction, and assessment to organize the learning process. The Framework defines three dimensions of science as the basis of theoretical learning progressions described in the document and used to develop NGSS. The three dimensions include disciplinary core ideas, scientific and engineering practices, and crosscutting concepts. The Framework defines three‐dimensional learning (3D learning) as integrating scientific and engineering practices, crosscutting concepts, and disciplinary core ideas to make sense of phenomena. Three‐dimensional learning leads to the development of a deep, useable understanding of big ideas that students can apply to explain phenomena and solve real‐life problems. While the Framework describes the theoretical basis of 3D learning, and NGSS outlines possible theoretical learning progressions for the three dimensions across grades, we currently have very limited empirical evidence to show that a learning progression for 3D learning can be developed and validated in practice. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of developing a 3D learning progression (3D LP) supported by qualitative and quantitative validity evidence. We first present a hypothetical 3D LP aligned to a previously designed NGSS‐based curriculum. We further present multiple sources of validity evidence for the hypothetical 3D LP, including interview analysis and item response theory (IRT) analysis to show validity evidence for the 3D LP. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of using the assessment tool designed to probe levels of the 3D LP for assigning 3D LP levels to individual student answers, which is essential for the practical applicability of any LP. This work demonstrates the usefulness of validated 3D LP for organizing the learning process in the NGSS classroom, which is essential for the successful implementation of NGSS.
Boron‐dependent regulation of translation through AUGUAA sequence in yeast
Authors: Tsednee Munkhtsetseg , Tanaka Mayuki , Kasai Koji , Fujiwara Toru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnder high boron (B) conditions, nodulin 26‐like intrinsic protein 5;1 (NIP5;1) mRNA, a boric acid channel, is destabilized to avoid excess B entry into roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. In this regulation, the minimum upstream open reading frame (uORF), AUGUAA, in its 5′‐untranslated region (5′‐UTR) is essential, and high B enhances ribosome stalling at AUGUAA and leads to suppression of translation and mRNA degradation. This B‐dependent AUGUAA‐mediated regulation occurs also in animal transient expression and reticulocyte lysate translation systems. Thus, uncovering the ubiquitousness of B‐dependent unique regulation is important to reveal the evolution of translational regulation. In the present study, we examined the regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Reporter assay showed that in yeast, carrying ATGTAA in 5′‐UTR of NIP5;1 upstream of the reporter gene, the relative reporter activities were reduced significantly under high B conditions compared with control, whereas deletion of ATGTAA abolished such responses. This suggests that AUGUAA mediates B‐dependent regulation of translation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, the deletion of ATGTAA resulted in up to 10‐fold increase in general reporter activities indicating the suppression effect of AUGUAA on translation of the main ORF. Interestingly, mRNA level of the reporter gene was not affected by B in both yeast cells with and without AUGUAA. This finding reveals that in yeast, unlike the case in plants, mRNA degradation is not associated with AUGUAA regulation. Together, results suggest that B‐dependent AUGUAA‐mediated translational regulation is common among eukaryotes.
From Linguistic Relativity to Script Relativity
Authors: Pae Hye K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter reviews the evolution of the linguistic relativity hypothesis and how it was dismissed. The opponents of linguistic relativity misinterpreted the hypothesis itself and research results. With new interpretations and more scientific research findings, the hypothesis has gained rekindled interest in recent years. Empirical evidence for linguistic relativity is reviewed from the perspectives of first language influences on cognition, including color, motion, number, time, objects, and nonlinguistic representations, and from the prism of cross-linguistic influences. The chapter drives the discussion from linguistic relativity to the introduction to script relativity. The chapter ends with the claim that, among other factors that can explain cross-linguistic and cross-scriptal influences, script relativity has the greatest competitive plausibility to explain the consequences of reading.