bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red Fox Use of Landscapes with Nesting Shorebirds
Authors: Stantial Michelle L. , Cohen Jonathan B. , Darrah Abigail J. , Farrell Shannon , Maslo Brooke 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTPredation of nests and young is one of the limiting factors in the conservation of birds; understanding environmental covariates of predator distribution can assist with decisions regarding the best management strategies to reduce predation risk. The habitat of beach‐nesting birds is often reshaped by storms in ways that may affect nest predation, such as by flattening vegetated dunes where mammals hunt, but human management of beaches tries to prevent the effects of storms on the landscape with unknown implications for predator distributions. Moreover, human development may affect predator distributions by subsidizing food and shelter. To determine the relationship between predator occupancy and landscape features in beach‐nesting bird habitat, we repeated mammalian predator track surveys 8 times/year at 90 plots in southern New Jersey, USA, from 2015–2017. We used dynamic occupancy models to estimate the probability of use by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and to document changes in habitat use as related to landcover types over the avian breeding season within years. We had 373 red fox detections with years pooled. Detection probability for red foxes varied by year, and probability of use decreased as the distance to the nearest primary dune increased. We found no evidence that red fox habitat use depended on distance to human development. Our results suggest that conserving nesting habitat that includes open areas (i.e., storm overwash [whereby vegetation is scoured by tidal flooding]) may reduce predation risk because beach‐nesting birds would not be forced into nesting close to dunes, which are typically used for hunting by red foxes. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
The role of Cr atom in the early steam oxidation of Fe‐based alloys: An atomistic simulation
Authors: Qi Jing , Xu Hong , Liang Zhiyuan , Lu Ping , Zhou Changsong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study employed the density functional theory to capture the atomic‐level dissociation processes of steam and investigate the ions migration on Fe(001) and FeCr(001) surfaces, revealing the role of Cr atom in the early oxidation. Various coadsorption structures with different steam‐derived species have been systematically examined to find the most energetically favored surface site. The results showed that the steam dissociation on the alloy surface underwent two steps. First, H2O molecule on the top site was dissociated into OH group and H atom, which further combined with metal atoms on the bridge site and hollow site. Second, the OH group was decomposed into O and H atoms, which moved to two adjacent hollow sites and generated an oxide. On further oxidation, the Fe atom migrated outward and formed an outer Fe oxide, whereas the Cr oxide could only grow inward as O atom passed through oxide. It was found that the presence of Cr atom on the surface was thermodynamically beneficial, which could promote steam oxidation. The Cr atom could effectively block ion diffusion across the oxide scale and protect the underlying substrate from further oxidation. These results were in good agreement with experimental observation.
A genetic variant in the promoter of CD46 is associated with the risk and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Fei , Luo Limei , Liu Zhongjian , Wu Sisi , Zhang Wei , Li Qin , Peng Yufu , Wei Yonggang , Li Bo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCD46 (also known as membrane cofactor protein), which is a member of the membrane‐bound complement regulatory protein family, has been reported to cause cancer cells to escape complement‐dependent cytotoxicity. However, the association between CD46 polymorphisms and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been investigated. This two‐stage association study was conducted to assess the relationship between the tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) of CD46 and HCC risk and prognosis. A series of functional analyses were performed to study the underlying mechanisms. Among the eight tagSNPs, rs2796267 (P = .003) and rs2796268 (P = .011) were found to modify HCC risk in the discovery set. Only rs2796267 (P < .0001) was confirmed to be associated with HCC susceptibility in the validation set. Compared with the wild‐type AA genotype, the GG genotype significantly increased the HCC risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34‐3.08; P = .001). Moreover, subgroups analysis suggested a positive correlation among male and younger patients, especially among drinkers, smokers, and hepatitis B surface antigen‐positive individuals. In functional analyses, we found that the rs2796267 G allele in the promoter region of CD46 could increase the expression of CD46 by affecting the binding affinity of STAT5a. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that the rs2796267 AG/GG genotype was significantly associated with worse prognosis of resected patients with HCC (hazard ratio = 2.27; 95% CI, 1.27‐4.05; P = .006). These results suggest that the CD46 rs2796267 polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility and prognosis of HCC by altering promoter activity.
Novel compound heterozygous mutations of CLDN16 in a patient with familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis
Authors: García‐Castaño Alejandro , Perdomo‐Ramirez Ana , Vall‐Palomar Mònica , Ramos‐Trujillo Elena , Madariaga Leire , Ariceta Gema , Claverie‐Martin Felix 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundFamilial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) is an autosomal recessive tubulopathy characterized by excessive urinary wasting of magnesium and calcium, bilateral nephrocalcinosis, and progressive chronic renal failure in childhood or adolescence. FHHNC is caused by mutations in CLDN16 and CLDN19, which encode the tight‐junction proteins claudin‐16 and claudin‐19, respectively. Most of these mutations are missense mutations and large deletions are rare.MethodsWe examined the clinical and biochemical features of a Spanish boy with early onset of FHHNC symptoms. Exons and flanking intronic segments of CLDN16 and CLDN19 were analyzed by direct sequencing. We developed a new assay based on Quantitative Multiplex PCR of Short Fluorescent Fragments (QMPSF) to investigate large CLDN16 deletions.ResultsGenetic analysis revealed two novel compound heterozygous mutations of CLDN16, comprising a missense mutation, c.277G>A; p.(Ala93Thr), in one allele, and a gross deletion that lacked exons 4 and 5,c.(840+25_?)del, in the other allele. The patient inherited these variants from his mother and father, respectively.ConclusionsUsing direct sequencing and our QMPSF assay, we identified the genetic cause of FHHNC in our patient. This QMPSF assay should facilitate the genetic diagnosis of FHHNC. Our study provided additional data on the genotypic spectrum of the CLDN16 gene.
Targeted sequencing of the BDNF gene in young Chinese Han people with major depressive disorder
Authors: Zhang Chenyu , Ran Liuyi , Ai Ming , Wang Wo , Chen Jianmei , Wu Tong , Liu Wei , Jin Jiajia , Wang Suya , Kuang Li 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdolescence and young adulthood are considered the peak age for the emergence of many psychiatric disorders, in particular major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous research has shown substantial heritability for MDD. In addition, the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is known to be associated with MDD. However, there has been no study conducting targeted sequencing of the BDNF gene in young MDD patients so far.MethodTo examine whether the BDNF gene is associated with the occurrence of MDD in young patients, we used targeted sequencing to detect the BDNF gene variants in 259 young Chinese Han people (105 MDD patients and 154 healthy subjects).ResultsThe BDNF variant rs4030470 was associated with MDD in young Chinese Han people (uncorrected p = 0.046), but this was no longer significant after applying FDR correction (p = 0.552, after FDR correction). We did not find any significant differences in genotype or haplotype frequencies between the case and control groups, and furthermore discovered no rare mutation variants any of the 259 subjects.ConclusionOur results do not support an association of the BDNF gene variants with MDD in young people in the Chinese Han population.
Es braut sich was zusammen
Authors: Lehnhardt Florian , Nobis Arndt 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBier ist ein Frischeprodukt, dessen Aroma sich während seiner Alterung dynamisch ändert. Zwar ist die geschlossene Flasche ein scheinbar stabiles Gebinde, aber die ethanolische Lösung mit pH‐Werten von 4,2 bis 4,6 bietet gute Voraussetzungen für chemische Reaktionen, die Geschmack und Geruch des Getränks beeinflussen.
Hybrid equilibrium element with interelement interface for the analysis of delamination and crack propagation problems
Authors: Parrinello Francesco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a formulation for the analysis of delamination and fracture propagation problems at the interelement interface, with perfect adhesion at the pre‐failure condition and with linear softening at the post‐failure regime. The proposed formulation is based on the hybrid equilibrium element (HEE) model, with stress fields which strongly verify the homogeneous equilibrium equations and interelement equilibrium equations. The HEE can easily model high‐order stress fields and can implicitly model the initially rigid behavior of an extrinsic interface at the element sides. The interface model is defined as a function of the same degrees of freedom of the HEE (generalized stresses) and the pre‐ and post‐failure behavior of the interface can be modeled without any additional degree of freedom. The proposed formulation is developed for a nine‐node triangular HEE with quadratic stress fields. This article also proposes an extrinsic cohesive model, rigorously developed in the damage mechanics framework.
Institutional isomorphism and nonprofit managerialism: For better or worse?
Authors: Hersberger‐Langloh Sophie E. , Stühlinger Sara , von Schnurbein Georg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNonprofit organizations (NPOs) have increasingly adopted business‐like practices as a response to institutional pressures. Some researchers argue that this development leads to mission drift, whereas others find a positive effect on organizational performance. However, the institutional pressures responsible for shaping the nonprofit sector have remained hard to distinguish from each other. This study explores the consequences of mimetic, normative, and coercive pressures, and looks at how they affect managerialism, organizational performance, and mission drift. We link these concepts through a structural equation model based on survey data and find that one aspect of managerialism, strategic behavior, is a key construct in influencing the response to isomorphic pressures and can positively affect organizational performance while holding off‐mission drift. Normative isomorphism even has a direct positive effect on organizational performance. Mission drift can take place when organizations are under coercive pressure without having strategies or internal processes in place. These findings imply that organizations should invest in their strategy and the professional development of their staff to increase organizational performance and avoid mission drift.
Plasma‐enhanced NH3 synthesis over activated carbon‐based catalysts: Effect of active metal phase
Authors: Hu Xueli , Zhu Xinbo , Wu Xiqiang , Cai Yuxiang , Tu Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, plasma‐enhanced NH3 synthesis over a series of M/AC (M = Ru, Co, Ni, and Fe) catalysts was investigated. The combination of the plasma and activated carbon (AC) enhanced the reaction performance compared with the reaction using plasma alone. The doping of active metal on AC further improved the reaction performance by up to 37.3%. The highest NH3 concentration of 3,026.5 ppm was obtained over Ru/AC at a specific input energy (SIE) of 12.5 kJ/L, followed by Co/AC, Fe/AC, and Ni/AC. The highest energy efficiency of 0.72 g/kWh was achieved at an SIE of 8.0 kJ/L when using the Ru/AC catalyst. Catalyst characterizations showed that the basicity of the M/AC catalysts plays an important role in the plasma‐enhanced catalytic synthesis of NH3. The reaction mechanism in the plasma‐enhanced NH3 synthesis was also discussed.
Use of a two‐sided tolerance interval in the design and evaluation of biosimilarity in clinical studies
Authors: Chiang Chieh , Chen Chi‐Tian , Hsiao Chin‐Fu 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn assessing biosimilarity between two products, the question to ask is always “How similar is similar?” Traditionally, the equivalence of the means between products is the primary consideration in a clinical trial. This study suggests an alternative assessment for testing a certain percentage of the population of differences lying within a prespecified interval. In doing so, the accuracy and precision are assessed simultaneously by judging whether a two‐sided tolerance interval falls within a prespecified acceptance range. We further derive an asymptotic distribution of the tolerance limits to determine the sample size for achieving a targeted level of power. Our numerical study shows that the proposed two‐sided tolerance interval test controls the type I error rate and provides sufficient power. A real example is presented to illustrate our proposed approach.
Image processing methodology for patient‐specific instrument design
Authors: Mohammad Sadeghi Majid , Kececi Emin Faruk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐specific instrumentation (PSI) improves accuracy of surgical operations. PSI needs software for preoperative planning and instrument design. In this study, we explain the methodology of developing a software tool for PSI guide design and preoperative planning in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA).MethodsApproaches used to prepare input data, transform them into meaningful features and use of those features to create special guide geometries are explained by describing different algorithms and libraries.ResultsThe developed software is tested on three different patients' data. Preoperative planning is performed and guides designed by software and the patients' bones are manufactured and tested for RSA. The method of building a software is presented to do the preoperative planning and designing specific guides for each patient are shown to be properly functional.ConclusionsThis study proves processes in the development of the PSI software and the design of a specific guide for RSA.
Nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat: Nitrogen fertilization timing and formulation, soil nitrogen, and weather effects
Authors: Thilakarathna Shakila K. , Hernandez‐Ramirez Guillermo , Puurveen Dick , Kryzanowski Len , Lohstraeter Germar , Powers Leigh‐Anne , Quan Ningyu , Tenuta Mario 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImproving N fertilization in croplands could minimize soil emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and mitigate climate change. This study investigated the effects of spring vs. fall N applications of conventional vs. enhanced‐efficiency N fertilizers (EENFs) on N2O emissions and N use efficiency in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over 2.5 yr in Alberta, Canada. Fertilizers were anhydrous ammonia and urea and the EENF formulations included urease and nitrification inhibitors and a polymer coating. We measured a fertilizer N2O emission factor of 0.31 ± 0.04%. Irrespective of N fertilizer and timing options peak N2O emissions were evident following soil thawing and major rainfalls. Because most of the annual N2O emissions were associated with soil thawing, spring‐applied N emitted half the N2O of the fall‐applied N during the second study year (P < .001). Conversely, the opposite was observed for the first study year when overall N2O emissions were 36% larger for spring‐ than fall‐applied N (P = .031) as major rainfalls occurred shortly after the spring N fertilization. Nevertheless, within this first study year, EENFs significantly reduced N2O emissions (by 26% on average; P = .019), with a tendency for 11% higher grain yield across springtime EENFs than for conventional fertilizers. Concomitantly, spring‐applied N doubled the fertilizer N recovery efficiency in the same year (P = .023). The soil at the study site inherently had high N availability (NH4 and NO3) and this probably moderated the beneficial effects of EENFs on N2O emissions and grain yields. Results suggest that spring EENFs can mitigate the risk for N2O emissions while sustaining high yields even under scenarios with high availability of native soil N.
Semimetal 1H‐SnS2 Enables High‐Efficiency Electroreduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Xu Jie , Lai Shuhua , Hu Min , Ge Shangmeng , Xie Ruicong , Li Fan , Hua Dandan , Xu Heng , Zhou Huang , Wu Rui , Fu Jiantao , Qiu Yuan , He Jia , Li Chao , Liu Haoxuan , Liu Yifan , Sun Jiaqiang , Liu Xijun , Luo Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractControlling the selectivity of products in CO2 fixation is essential to obtain desired products using phase engineering. In this study, stable semimetal 1H‐SnS2 nanosheets are successfully synthesized by hydrogen‐assisted low‐temperature calcination for the first time. Compared with semiconductor 1T‐SnS2, the 1H‐SnS2 exhibits ultrahigh CO selectivity with a Faradaic efficiency of 98.2% at −0.8 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) and a partial current density of 10.9 mA cm−2 in the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction. Theoretical calculations indicate that the *COOH intermediate is more stable on 1H‐SnS2 surface than 1T‐SnS2 surface and thus promotes the CO production. This work shows that phase engineering control can be an effective approach to regulate the selectivity of products in CO2RR of transition metal dichalcogenides.
Developing an ontology for representing the domain knowledge specific to non‐pharmacological treatment for agitation in dementia
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Yu Ping , Chang Hui Chen (Rita) , Lau Sim Kim , Tao Cui , Wang Ning , Yin Mengyang , Deng Chao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionA large volume of clinical care data has been generated for managing agitation in dementia. However, the valuable information in these data has not been used effectively to generate insights for improving the quality of care. Application of artificial intelligence technologies offers us enormous opportunities to reuse these data. For health data science to achieve this, this study focuses on using ontology to coding clinical knowledge for non‐pharmacological treatment of agitation in a machine‐readable format.MethodsThe resultant ontology—Dementia‐Related Agitation Non‐Pharmacological Treatment Ontology (DRANPTO)—was developed using a method adopted from the NeOn methodology.ResultsDRANPTO consisted of 569 concepts and 48 object properties. It meets the standards for biomedical ontology.DiscussionDRANPTO is the first comprehensive semantic representation of non‐pharmacological management for agitation in dementia in the long‐term care setting. As a knowledge base, it will play a vital role to facilitate the development of intelligent systems for managing agitation in dementia.
Introduction
Authors: Schopper Herwig 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince old ages it has been one of the noble aspirations of humankind to understand the world in which we are living. In addition to our immediate environment, planet earth, two more remote frontiers have attracted interest: the infinitely small and the infinitely large. A flood of new experimental and theoretical results obtained during the past decades has provided a completely new picture of the micro- and macrocosm and surprisingly intimate relations have been discovered between the two. It turned out that the understanding of elementary particles and the forces acting between them is extremely relevant for our perception of the cosmological development. Quite often scientific research is supported because it is the basis for technical progress and for the material well-being of humans. The exploration of the microcosm and the universe contributes to this goal only indirectly by the development of better instruments and new techniques. However, it tries to answer some fundamental questions which are essential to understand the origins, the environment and the conditions for the existence of humankind and thus is an essential part of the cultural heritage.
Bedarfslagen in der häuslichen Pflege
Authors: Büscher Andreas 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ein erklärtes Ziel der Pflegeversicherung besteht in der Priorität der häuslichen gegenüber der stationären Pflege. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, sieht die Pflegeversicherung eine Reihe von Leistungen vor, die in Ergänzung der Pflege durch Angehörige den Verbleib des pflegebedürftigen Menschen in der häuslichen Umgebung ermöglichen sollen. Die Betrachtung einiger Charakteristiken häuslicher Pflegearrangements verdeutlicht, dass die Bedarfslagen oftmals komplexer sind als die vorgesehenen Leistungen und diese nur für Teile davon angemessen erscheinen. Veränderungen und Erweiterungen des Leistungsspektrums der Pflegeversicherung im Laufe der Jahre verdeutlichen das Bemühen die Leistungen weiterzuentwickeln. Die Bedarfslagen in häuslichen Pflegearrangements erfordern jedoch weitere Anpassungen, auch durch die Einführung des neuen Pflegebedürftigkeitsbegriffs, die abschließend in diesem Beitrag skizziert werden.
Die Pflegeversicherung: eine vertragswettbewerbsfreie Zone
Authors: Jacobs Klaus 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, inwieweit vertragswettbewerbliche Steuerung zur Verbesserung der Pflegeversorgung beitragen kann. Hierzu wird die Konzeption der Solidarischen Wettbewerbsordnung der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) betrachtet und ein Blick auf die Erfahrungen gerichtet, die dort seit der Einführung von freier Kassenwahl und Risikostrukturausgleich mit vertragswettbewerblicher Versorgungssteuerung gemacht wurden, bzw. auf die Gründe, warum es in dieser Hinsicht kaum positive Erfahrungen gibt. Vor diesem Hintergrund fällt die Beurteilung der Zweckmäßigkeit vertragswettbewerblicher Steuerung in der Pflegeversicherung negativ aus. Insbesondere ist im Pflegekontext eine wesentliche Funktionsbedingung der GKV-Wettbewerbskonzeption nicht hinreichend erfüllt: die Fähigkeit der (überwiegend alten, multimorbiden und oftmals zudem kognitiv beeinträchtigten) pflegebedürftigen Versicherten zur individuellen Kassen- bzw. Tarifwahl. Außerdem gibt es bislang kein Konzept zur Ausgestaltung eines pflegekompatiblen Risikostrukturausgleichs. Dieser Befund unterstreicht gleichzeitig die Skepsis gegenüber der Forderung nach einer Integration von Pflege- und Krankenversicherung.
Modular invariant models of leptons at level 7
Authors: Ding Gui-Jun , King Stephen F. , Li Cai-Chang , Zhou Ye-Ling 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We consider for the first time level 7 modular invariant flavour models where the lepton mixing originates from the breaking of modular symmetry and couplings responsible for lepton masses are modular forms. The latter are decomposed into irreducible multiplets of the finite modular group Γ7, which is isomorphic to PSL(2, Z7), the projective special linear group of two dimensional matrices over the finite Galois field of seven elements, containing 168 elements, sometimes written as PSL2(7) or Σ(168). At weight 2, there are 26 linearly independent modular forms, organised into a triplet, a septet and two octets of Γ7. A full list of modular forms up to weight 8 are provided. Assuming the absence of flavons, the simplest modular-invariant models based on Γ7 are constructed, in which neutrinos gain masses via either the Weinberg operator or the type-I seesaw mechanism, and their predictions compared to experiment.