bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ancient Israel's Neighbors
Authors: Doak Brian R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this book is to tell the story of Israel’s nearest neighbors—not only discovering what the Bible has to say about them but also what we can know from archaeology, ancient inscriptions, and other sources. The Bible itself presents these neighbors in nuanced and conflicting ways; sometimes they are friends or even related to Israel at a family level, and sometimes they are enemies, spoken of as though they must die in order for Israel to live. We are left wondering how the biblical portrayal might have affected our thinking about these people as historical groups, on their own terms. How would an Aramaean have described her own religion? How would an Edomite have described conflict with Israel? This book explores both the biblical portrayal of the smaller groups surrounding Israel and what people can know about these groups through their own literature, archaeology, and other sources. By uncovering the identity of the Philistines as settlers along the coast at the same time that early Israel carved out their place in the land, for example, one can better understand the social turmoil and political maneuvering that lies just beneath the surface of the biblical narrative, and can see more clearly just how the authors of the Bible saw themselves in the face of others.
Sexual Violence and the Politics of Forgiveness in Guinea
Authors: Dave Nomi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the limits of musical activism by considering some of the varied ways in which music has addressed women’s rights and gender-based violence in Guinea. It centers around the case of a young Guinean rapper who was recently charged with sexual assault, and whose case generated intense criticism from feminist activists and intense support from his fans. The chapter considers two songs closely connected to the case: one that calls for an end to violence against women, and one that calls on women to forgive him. These two songs seem to reflect radically divergent views on gender-based violence. But they are both linked to an underlying ambivalence about women’s rights on the behalf of musicians, audiences, and the state. Survivors of sexual violence are absent in both cases, erased by a politics of forgiveness that calls on them to forget and to be forgotten.
Unraveling and Welding Together
Authors: Schwartzott Amy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The arts are often framed as resources that bring people together, perhaps by depicting common experiences or appealing to shared pleasures. In crisis contexts, artistic production takes on a new role, as a venue in which to mediate (intervene) and remediate (heal) conflict. By channeling chaotic experiences into aesthetics, NGOs and artists hope to order and transcend disaster through projects designed to reunite warring parties, victims and perpetrators, or governments and their subjects. Yet they also insert new structures into the political landscape, such as NGO and civil society organizations, that are not necessarily any more stable or accountable than the systems they are reinforcing.
Humanitarian Theater in the Great Lakes Region
Authors: Le Lay Maëline 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In nominally “postwar” contexts throughout Africa’s Great Lakes region, participatory theater has been mobilized almost exclusively as a tool for either awareness or healing. The rhetoric prescribed for peace and development is so dominant in the humanitarian market that the artist’s ethos is channeled in directions more ethical than aesthetic. The shared circulation of participatory theater through the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi shows how an aesthetic model is exported and becomes a transnationalized tool, one designed to be tailored to any kind of crisis context. Thanks to NGOs’ powerful influence, this model shapes theater and performance landscapes by influencing generations of writers and actors, uniting creators through artistic networks. This theater is characterized by a strong aspiration to performativity which occurs in texts and performances through the centrality of the chorus, frequent mise en abyme, and the quest for catharsis.
Slavery and Warfare on Land
Authors: Plank Geoffrey 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chapter 8 examines the pattern of organized violence associated with slavery on both sides of the Atlantic. In Africa and the Americas women were more likely to be taken and held as slaves than men, but the transatlantic slave trade broke with this pattern, and to explain why, the chapter examines the evolution of the European practice of slavery. In the early modern era, Christian Europeans foreswore enslaving each other, while in the Mediterranean, Muslims enslaved Christians and Christians enslaved Muslims. European slave traders favored male war captives. When European slave traders carried Africans across the Atlantic, they brought many warriors to the Americas, and the chapter concludes with an examination of the warfare endemic to slave societies in North and South America and the Caribbean.
Mechanical Choices
Authors: Moore Michael S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This book assays how the remarkable discoveries of contemporary neuroscience impact our conception of ourselves and our responsibility for our choices and our actions. Dramatic (and indeed revolutionary) changes in how we think of ourselves as agents and as persons are commonly taken to be the implications of those discoveries of neuroscience. Indeed, the very notions of responsibility and of deserved punishment are thought to be threatened by these discoveries. Such threats are collected into four groupings: (1) the threat from determinism, that neurosciences shows us that all of our choices and actions are caused by events in the brain that precede choice; (2) the threat from epiphenomenalism, that our choices are shown by experiment not to cause the actions that are the objects of such choice but are rather mere epiphenomena, co-effects of common causes in the brain; (3) the threat from reductionist mechanism, that we and everything we value is nothing but a bunch of two-valued switches going off in our brains; and (4) the threat from fallibilism, that we are not masters in our own house because we lack the privileged knowledge of our own minds needed to be such masters. The book seeks to blunt such radical challenges while nonetheless detailing how law, morality, and common-sense psychology can harness the insights of an advancing neuroscience to more accurately assign moral blame and legal punishment to the truly deserving.
Yield Curves, Swap Curves, and Term Structure of Interest Rates
Authors: Davis Tom P. , Mossessian Dmitri 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses multiple definitions of the yield curve and provides a conceptual understanding on the construction of yield curves for several markets. It reviews several definitions of the yield curve and examines the basic principles of the arbitrage-free pricing as they apply to yield curve construction. The chapter also reviews cases in which the no-arbitrage assumption is dropped from the yield curve, and then moves to specifics of the arbitrage-free curve construction for bond and swap markets. The concepts of equilibrium and market curves are introduced. The details of construction of both types of the curve are illustrated with examples from the U.S. Treasury market and the U.S. interest rate swap market. The chapter concludes by examining the major changes to the swap curve construction process caused by the financial crisis of 2007–2008 that made a profound impact on the interest rate swap markets.
Other Bond Products
Authors: Devos Erik , Karpowicz Robert , Spieler Andrew C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Over time, the availability of investable bond products has expanded considerably to include bonds focused on social improvements (social impact bonds), life settlement securitization (death bonds), natural disaster risk transfer (catastrophe bonds), environmental improvements (green bonds), and collateralized bonds (covered bonds). Social impact bonds are geared toward positive social change to provide financing to programs that are otherwise ignored or underfunded. Death bonds are bonds backed by the cash flows from life insurance policies. Catastrophe bonds enable spreading the risk of natural disasters or human catastrophes to a broader investor base. Green bonds are issued to raise funds to revitalize brownfield sites or underdeveloped areas and geared toward energy efficiency and pollution control, sustainable agriculture, and clean transportation. Covered bonds are issued against a pool of assets but remain on the issuer’s balance sheet providing safety in the event of bankruptcy. This chapter briefly discusses each of these products.
Securitization Process
Authors: Ferguson Mark , Mcbride Joseph , Tripp Kevin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The securitization process has become an essential tool that provides liquidity to firms and borrowers while opening up the breadth and depth of the capital markets to previously underserved individuals and firms. Securitized products pool illiquid, idiosyncratic assets or contracts, turn those pools into claims (bonds) with a new capital structure with differing risk-return attributes, and sell those bonds to institutional investors. Securitization began in the housing market where single-family mortgages were pooled and sold to investors as mortgage-backed securities. The securitized market has increased in size and complexity to include many other asset classes such as commercial real estate loans in commercial mortgage-backed securities, student loans, credit card debt, auto leases, equipment leases, and aircraft leases in asset-backed securities. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the participants in and the general structure of securitizations.
Collateralized Debt Obligations, Collateralized Bond Obligations, and Collateralized Loan Obligations
Authors: Eckrote Robert , Milliken Christopher , Nikbakht Ehsan , Spieler Andrew C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) are structured products that are issued by a special purpose vehicle with the objective of improving the issuer’s balance sheet, increasing access to illiquid securities, and/or generating a higher yield than would be offered in a traditional fixed income security. This chapter provides an overview of CDOs including a discussion on the history, structure, uses, and impact on investors and the broader financial system. CDOs can be further classified by the type of security held as collateral, such as collateralized bond obligations (CBOs), which typically hold high yield debt, and collateralized loan obligations (CLOs), which hold bank loans. These financial structured products gain notoriety for their role in the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and have since declined in popularity. Despite the negative perception that CDOs carry, securitization continues to play an important function in the financial system and offers benefits to issuers and consumers as long as both parties use the end product responsibly.
Valuing and Analyzing Fixed Income Derivatives
Authors: Simsek Koray D. , Kiymaz Halil 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Derivatives valuation is based on the key principle of no-arbitrage pricing. This chapter presents valuation models for various types of fixed income derivatives, including forward rate agreements (FRAs), interest rate swaps, Eurodollar and Treasury bond futures, bond options, caps and floors, swaptions, and options on interest rate futures. Following the financial crisis that began in the summer of 2007, major changes occurred in the practice of fixed income derivatives valuation, particularly regarding the adoption of overnight indexed swaps (OIS) as a source of the risk-free rate. This chapter shows how OIS discounting is implemented in FRA pricing and swap valuation. Traditional approaches such as cost of carry valuation in futures pricing are illustrated. With respect to option valuation, this chapter explains the risk-neutral pricing approach as well as closed-form solutions such as the Black model. The chapter also provides numeric examples to illustrate the practical use of the presented models and formulas.
Against
Authors: Waldron Jeremy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The debate continues with Waldron’s presentation of several arguments against targeted killing. Most of these arguments focus on the killing itself and the difference that is made by the fact that the individuals on the government’s death lists are hunted down by name, often well away from any area of combat or imminent responsibility for terrorist attack. Though Waldron’s arguments, like Meisels’, focus on the actions of American and Israeli forces, it is important also to consider the likely proliferation of targeted killing as a standard technique of statecraft throughout the world. And that leads us to the possibility of governmental abuse of targeted killing authority. The term “terrorist” is easily extended just as the term “imminent” is being stretched by defenders of targeted killing to ensure that targets are available. There is a danger that targeted killing might be used against insurgents as well as terrorists, not to mention successful criminals and political opponents. And the practice of targeted killing tends to weaken the inhibition against assassination that until now has characterized civilized political life.
Hell Is Other Planets
Authors: Malone-France Derek 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the history of questions concerning life on other worlds within theology. Not surprisingly, in each phase of the historic extraterrestrial life (ETL) debates, the conceptions of ETL that were put forward tended either to strongly reflect and reinforce—or else provocatively controvert and undermine—traditional human self-conceptions. As such, traditional Christianity—as constructed in the Renaissance and early modern periods, in both its Catholic and non-Catholic forms—faced unique conceptual and interpretive exigencies in relation to the possibility of ETL, precisely because of its particular metaphysical and existential construction of the divine-human relation. Some thinkers viewed these conceptual and interpretive exigencies as opportunities for the creative extension, reinterpretation, and transformation of traditional Christian understandings. Others took their traditional understandings to be sufficient counterevidence to the ETL hypothesis, denying the possibility of life elsewhere in the cosmos on the basis that it conflicted with what they “knew” to be true, on the basis of Biblical or doctrinal authority. Still others viewed the emerging scientific plausibility of ETL as definitive counterevidence against Christianity.
Life as It Could Be
Authors: Campos Luis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the intersection between two related fields: synthetic biology and astrobiology. Pushing the engineering of life past traditional limits in molecular biology and expanding the envelope of life to forms never before extant, synthetic biologists are now beginning to design experimental ways of getting at what astrobiologists have long suspected: that the life known here on Earth is but a subset of vast combinatorial possibilities in the universe. The resonances between the future engineered possibilities of this world and speculations about possible biologies on habitable others are not merely happenstance. Indeed, there is a curious and compelling deeper history interlinking scientific speculation about new forms of life elsewhere in the universe with visions for the human-directed engineering of new forms of life on Earth. For decades, the astrobiological and the synthetic biological have mutually inspired each other and overlapped in powerful genealogical ways.
METI or REGRETTI
Authors: Smith Kelly C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter assesses the ethical justification for attempting to message extraterrestrial intelligence (METI). Most of the discussion within the space community concerning METI has been about the level of risk it poses. Addressing the empirical dimensions of METI risk is a useful exercise, to be sure, but it is often unappreciated that these details just do not resolve key questions. In particular, if one looks at METI through an ethical lens, the central question is not what the level of risk is but whether those who are exposed to that risk agree to it. Rather than simply allowing anyone with access to the necessary resources do whatever they wish, people need to involve public policy, social science, humanities, and other fields of expertise to develop explicit best practices and then work to enshrine these in soft law.
The Partisan Politics of Law and Order
Authors: Wenzelburger Georg 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The comparative study of law and order policies has mostly overlooked partisan politics as a possible explanation of differences between Western nations. Filling this gap in the literature, this book argues theoretically and substantiates empirically that law and order policies are heavily affected by partisan politics. By means of a large-N analysis of spending data and a new dataset on law and order legislation as well as four in-depth case studies, the empirical evidence shows that party competition and the party ideology of governments do affect policies—depending on the institutional context of a political system. Moreover, path dependencies tend to freeze these effects over a certain period of time creating positive feedback dynamics.
Bearing Witness While Black
Authors: Richardson Allissa V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bearing Witness While Black: African Americans, Smartphones and the New Protest #Journalism tells the story of this century’s most powerful black social movement through the eyes of 15 activists. At the height of the Black Lives Matter uprisings, African Americans filmed and tweeted evidence of fatal police encounters, spurring a global debate on excessive police force, which disproportionately claimed the lives of African Americans. The book reveals how smartphones, social media, and social justice empowered black activists to create their own news outlets, continuing a centuries-long, African American tradition of using the news to challenge racism. It identifies three overlapping eras of domestic terror against African American people—slavery, lynching, and police brutality—and the journalism documenting their atrocities, generating a genealogy showing how slave narratives of the 1700s inspired the abolitionist movement; black newspapers of the 1800s galvanized the anti-lynching and civil rights movements; and smartphones of today powered the anti–police brutality movement. This lineage of black witnessing, the book shows, is formidable and forever evolving. The text is informed by the author’s activism. Personal accounts of her teaching and her own experiences of police brutality are woven into the book to share how she has inspired black youth to use mobile devices to speak up from the margins. Bearing Witness While Black conveys a crucial need to protect our right to look into the forbidden space of violence against black bodies and to continue to regard the smartphone as an instrument of moral suasion and social change.
Conflict with Euro-American Mormon Leadership, 1922–1935
Authors: Pulido Elisa Eastwood 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses Margarito Bautista’s efforts as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Mexico from 1922 to 1924, his preaching of unconventional doctrines while there, the fracas that ensued after his return to Salt Lake City over the lack of indigenous leadership in the Mexican Branch, and Bautista’s subsequently diminished influence in the Mormon Church. It argues that Bautista’s meteoric rise through the ranks of Mormon leadership came to a halt as he became increasingly insistent that Mexicans should govern their own congregations. Bautista’s name disappeared from the records of the Mexican Branch at about the same time the company that had employed him prior to his mission went bankrupt. During this period, his nationalism grew as he read about the Cristero Rebellion in Mexico. By 1930, without influence in the Church and unemployed, Bautista took up his pen and began to write.
Bautista’s Magnum Opus
Authors: Pulido Elisa Eastwood 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bautista’s magnum opus, a 564-page tome melding Aztec history with Mormon scripture, was published in 1936 in Mexico City; he titled the work La evolución de México: sus verdaderos progenitores y su origen: el destino de America y Europa (The Evolution of Mexico: Its True Progenitors and Its Origin, the Destiny of America and Europe). The chapter argues that Bautista intended to introduce Mexicans on a national level to Book of Mormon narratives that explain centuries of Mexican oppression, reimagine Mexicans as an exceptional race, and prophesy the recovery of sovereignty for indigenous Americans. The first major indigenous hermeneutic of Mormon scripture, La evolución promises divine retribution to colonizers and assures Mexicans that God waits for them to assume global leadership, to build the New Jerusalem, and to usher in Christ’s millennial reign. La evolución offers a “prophetic program” for Mexico’s political and spiritual redemption: obey God and prosper.
Synthesis
Authors: Striedter Georg F. , Northcutt R. Glenn 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
After summarizing the earlier chapters, which focused on the evolution of specific lineages, this chapter examines general patterns in the evolution of vertebrate nervous systems. Most conspicuous is that relative brain size and complexity increased independently in many lineages. The proportional size of individual brain regions tends to change predictably with absolute brain size (and neurogenesis timing), but the scaling rules vary across lineages. Attempts to link variation in the size of individual brain areas (or entire brains) to behavior are complicated in part because the connections, internal organization, and functions of individual brain regions also vary across phylogeny. In addition, major changes in the functional organization of vertebrate brains were caused by the emergence of novel brain regions (e.g., neocortex in mammals and area dorsalis centralis in teleosts) and novel circuits. These innovations significantly modified the “vertebrate brain Bauplan,” but their mechanistic origins and implications require further investigation.
Self-Control as Hybrid Skill
Authors: Mylopoulos Myrto , Pacherie Elisabeth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A main obstacle to the successful pursuit of long-term goals is a lack of self-control. But what is the capacity for self-control? The aim of this chapter is to contribute to an overarching theory of self-control by exploring the proposal that it is best understood as a form of hybrid skill. The authors draw on recent work on skill in the domain of motor control to highlight important ways in which experts differ from novices in the capacities they deploy. They then consider how the resulting framework can be applied to the domain of self-control. The chapter ends by examining how this approach can help reconcile a motivational construal of self-control, according to which it involves resisting competing temptations in order to do what one deems best, and an executive construal, in which the emphasis is on overriding “cold” habits that are at odds with what one intends to do.