bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying the Push-Pull Framework to Downsizing in Late Life
Authors: Costlow Kyrsten , Yeager Leona , Choi Shinae , Roskos Beverly , Parmelee Patricia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One of the most frequently cited theoretical models of relocation decision-making is Wiseman’s Behavioral Model of Elderly Migration. Based on this model, the present study used a push-pull framework to describe older adults’ reasons for downsizing to a smaller home. A sample of 68 older adults who had downsized in the past year provided reasons for moving from their previous residence (push factors) and reasons for moving specifically to their new residence (pull factors). Participants rated the importance of each push/pull factor using a (1) not at all important to (4) extremely important scale. On average, participants rated pull factors (M = 3.63, SD = .31) as slightly more important than push factors (M = 3.54, SD = .40) in their decision to move. The most frequently reported push factors were declining health (n = 47, 22%), having too much space or maintenance (n = 40, 19%), and disliking the location of their previous residence (n = 30, 14%). The most commonly reported pull factors were the attractive location of the new residence (n = 60, 28%), social factors (e.g., being closer to family and friends; n = 36, 17%), and services or amenities available in the new residence (n = 32, 15%). Qualitative responses will be presented to illustrate the interaction between push and pull factors in participants’ relocation decision-making. Findings are consistent with those identified in other studies on late-life relocation, establishing Wiseman’s behavioral model as a useful framework for investigating downsizing in late life.
Comparison of Three Wayfinding Assessment Tools
Authors: Calkins Margaret , Davis Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An early, problematic symptom of aging, exacerbated by cognitive problems such as Alzheimer’s disease, is difficulty finding one’s way. Long term care (LTC) communities are especially challenging for wayfinding. This study compares three different tools to evaluate spatial complexity within eight LTC communities. The tools included computation of space syntax integration values using axial lines to determine how connected wayfinding routes are within the community. The Wayfinding Checklist tool (revised) rates the quality of signage, complexity of a building floor plan, and use of decorative elements. The Calkins Route Assessment tool evaluates route complexity using both plan and vertical visual field information (e.g. presence, location, clarity of signage and cues). The results of the analysis showed that the buildings varied with respect to integration, with some very well integrated floorplans and routes, and some that were very complex, with multiple jogs, turns, and limited integration. The Wayfinding Checklist echoed the variety of complexity of floorplans, but lowered scores for poor existence and design of signage and mostly substandard lighting for visibility. The Calkins Route Assessment tool added greater specificity to the space syntax analysis and Wayfinding Checklist, showing how visual elements (versus just visual access) can compensate for plans with low-integration. These study findings indicate that each tool was valuable for measuring wayfinding complexity, but measured different aspects of building and route complexity. Tools like these can be used to identify challenging wayfinding routes and buildings so that designers and clinicians can improve the overall design for wayfinding.
Adverse Consequences of Unmet In-Home Mobility Care Needs and Risk of Hospital Stay Among Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Sahoo Shalini 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mobility limitations are the most prevalent late life disability and are strongly associated with negative health outcomes. Research suggests that 1 in 5 older adults with limitations in activities of daily living report needing more help than is received. The objective of this study is to address a gap in the literature by directly examining the relationship between adverse consequences (e.g. home-bound, bedridden) of unmet in-home mobility care needs and hospital stay for a national sample of community-dwelling older adults. Data was analyzed from round eight (2018) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), an epidemiologic panel study of nationally representative Medicare beneficiaries ages 65 and older living in the communities (n = 4,344). Community dwelling adults with one or more adverse consequence due to in-home mobility limitation had 1.931 times odds of hospital stay in the last 12 months, compared to the counterpart with no in-home mobility limitation (OR = 1.931, SE = 0.153, p &lt; 0.05), after adjusting for the covariates. Community-dwelling older adults who have adverse consequence due to unmet in-home mobility care needs are more likely to be immobile and are more likely to have hospital stays. By addressing the needs of this population, the rate of hospitalization can be decreased resulting in fewer stressful events and better quality of life. Policies to improve long-term services and supports and reduce unmet need could benefit both older adults and those who care for them.
Characterization of Skilled Nursing Facility Residents Admitted With Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Sindvani Rhea , Barry Lisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For reasons including the opioid epidemic and more widespread substance use across all ages, the prevalence of individuals meeting preadmission criteria for skilled nursing facility (SNF)-level care and who have substance use disorders (SUDs) is growing. However, little is known about this population. We characterized a sample of residents with SUDs in two SNFs that target admission of difficult-to-place individuals in Hartford, Connecticut. Residents admitted between June 1, 2018 and May 31, 2019 and had an SUD per Pre-Admission Screening and Resident Review (PASRR) were included. Using retrospective chart review, we collected data including demographics, physical and mental health conditions, psychiatric medications, and participation in SNF-provided SUD counseling. Of 163 residents admitted with an SUD, all were admitted following an acute hospitalization. Residents’ average age was 49.9(SD=11.7) years (range 21-79). They were 61% male and racially diverse; 56% Caucasian, 27% Hispanic, 16% Black. SUDs on admission included opioid use disorder (48%), alcohol use disorder (33%), unspecified psychoactive SUD (26%), cocaine use disorder (25%), and Other (20%). Of these, 18% and 16% were taking methadone or suboxone, respectively and 25% were taking an antipsychotic medication. Comorbidities such as bipolar disorder (15%) and viral hepatitis (26%) were prevalent. A total of 40 (25%) residents participated in SUD counseling; none of the aforementioned factors was associated with participation. This is the first study to characterize a sample of residents from SNFs that target individuals with SUDs. Improved understanding of this unique and growing subset of the SNF population may help optimize their treatment.
Season’s Cheatings: Beware of Holiday Scams
Authors: Choi-Allum Lona , Williams Alicia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
‘Tis the season…to be on the lookout for possible scams and fraud. It’s during this time of year that individuals are more focused on the spirit of the holidays and less focused on what may be happening with their pocketbook. AARP conducted a survey of 2,842 U.S. adults ages 18 and older to understand people’s awareness of and experience with a variety of scams that are common around the holidays. The study explored experiences with purchasing gift cards, shipping/receiving packages, and charitable giving. In addition, the survey tested the knowledge of adults about several specific scams with a ‘quiz’ of five true or false statements. Results showed that one in six (17%) U.S. adults failed the quiz. When making gift card purchases, one in five U.S. adults have given and/or received a gift card that had no funds on it. And only about half of U.S. adults conduct research before making a monetary donation to charitable causes or organizations. Of those who do check out a charity first, over half (54%) did not make a donation based on what they found on charity rating sites. Also, U.S. adults say that packages are left outside of their home without requiring a signature. Half (50%) of U.S. adults say they never require a signature when shipping packages to home addresses while about one in seven (15%) always require a signature. More education is needed to raise awareness of scams that are common during the holidays.
Validation of the MEDSAIL Tool to Screen for Capacity to Live Safely and Independently in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Mills Whitney , Kunik Mark , Kelly P Adam , Wilson Nancy , Starks Steven , Asghar-Ali Ali , Naik Aanand 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Capacity for safe and independent living (SAIL) refers to an individual’s ability to solve problems associated with everyday life and perform activities necessary to live independently. Little guidance exists on the assessment of capacity for SAIL among nursing home residents. As a result, capacity for SAIL is not fully considered in the development of discharge plans to ensure safety and independence in the community. The Making and Executing Decisions for Safe and Independent Living (MEDSAIL) tool was developed to screen for capacity for SAIL among community-dwelling older adults. In this cross sectional pilot study, we tested the validity of MEDSAIL for use with nursing home residents. Participants were twenty-four residents of a Veterans Health Affairs nursing home. Exclusion criteria were cognitive impairment too severe to complete the protocol, diagnosis of serious mental illness or developmental disability, inability to hear, and inability to communicate verbally. Participants completed two assessments: the MEDSAIL interview administered by a research assistant and the criterion standard capacity interview administered by a geriatric psychiatrist. We examined internal consistency, convergent validity, divergent validity, and criterion-based validity. Five of seven MEDSAIL scenarios approximated acceptable levels of internal consistency (α&gt;0.70). MEDSAIL scores were positively correlated with the criterion standard (0.88, p=0.001), and the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test statistic was also statistically significant (p=0.001). MEDSAIL has promise as a user-friendly brief screening tool in nursing homes to understand resident capacity for SAIL and to inform development of discharge plans to keep the resident safe and independent in the community.
Step Up: An Evaluation of Question-Behavior Effects in Diabetes Footcare in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Robertson Anna , Johanson Katherine , Walden Allison , Ingram Rebecca , Schneider Lauren , Feliciano Leilani 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern requiring engagement with specific self-care activities for improvement. Due to the increased risk for neuropathy, foot ulcers, and infections, engagement with certain footcare practices (e.g., inspecting feet and inside shoes, washing and drying between toes) is an important part of overall diabetes self-care. However, interventions targeting blood glucose monitoring, medication management, nutrition, and/or physical activity often precede footcare interventions. Question-Behavior Effects (QBEs), which describe the effects of behavior questioning on future engagement in that behavior, provide a unique framework for studying diabetes self-care. Although clinicians may not administer footcare interventions for people with T2DM, footcare behaviors are often still assessed (e.g., through questionnaires) in session and, consistent with QBEs, may improve through the repetition of questioning. The present study evaluated footcare QBEs (specifically, the number of days of foot inspection and cleaning in the past week) across 7 sessions of an at-home diabetes management program without intentional footcare intervention. Paired-samples t-tests (N = 78, ages 40-88 years) revealed significant improvements in the number of days of foot inspection and cleaning from intake to session 1 and intake to session 5. However, from intake to session 7, only significant improvements in foot inspection were detected. These findings reflect the potency of footcare QBEs in the absence of specific footcare interventions. They also reveal differential engagement in foot inspection and cleaning after an extended period of questioning, suggesting certain diabetes self-care behaviors may taper without the intentional introduction of intervention.
An Orphan Needing a Champion–Barriers to Evaluations of Decision-Making Capacity
Authors: Factora Ronan , Saxena Saket 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Impaired decision making capacity is common in medical and community settings, often coexistent with functional impairment and dementia. Though the legal system determines competence, deciding if guardianship is appropriate often relies on a medical assessment of decision making capacity. Physicians conduct cognitive evaluations but are often unaware of a person’s functional impairments and are unfamiliar with their role in pursuing guardianship. Despite the individual roles of the legal system, medical system, and community agencies (e.g. Adult Protective Services (APS)) in such cases, no agency claims responsibility for ensuring this process’s fidelity. As numbers of older citizens in the US increase along with associated increasing numbers of cases involving impaired decision making capacity, ensuring this processes’ fidelity is essential. We sought to identify the barriers (recognized by each of these parties) in determining decision making capacity of persons for whom guardianship is being considered. Surveys were conducted with professionals in the legal, medical, and APS arenas, to identify barriers to obtaining capacity determinations. Common themes identified amongst these entities included needing to include functional status in this evaluation, and the need for clear communication between the legal system, medical system, and APS. Unique concerns identified in the survey included APS caseworkers challenges in finding physicians willing to complete capacity evaluations, judges’ concerns about evaluations’ failure to address safety issues and need for immediate action , and physician’s concerns about liability and compromising the physician-patient relationship. Continued collaboration between these systems could overcome these barriers.
Age Differences in the Affective Experience of State Curiosity
Authors: Chu Li , Fung Helene 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Is feeling curious a pleasant, anxious or mixed feeling experience? Dual process theory posits that curiosity results from an optimal level of knowledge gap anxiety. Yet, personal growth facilitation model suggests that people are intrinsically curious, which is associated with positive affects. While curiosity may be pleasant or anxious, it may also be both. In fact, compared with younger adults, older adults were more likely to experience mixed emotions. However, very few studies investigated age differences in affective experience of curiosity, so the present study utilized a time-sampling dataset to address this question. This 14-day time-sampling study included 85 younger (43 females, age 18-30) and 83 older adults (40 females, age 60-85) who recorded momentary curiosity and affective experiences three times per day. Linear mixed-effects analysis revealed a significant 3-way interaction between age group, happiness and anxiousness on state curiosity (□=.20, SE=.05, p&lt;.001). For younger adults, results suggested that curiosity was higher when they felt either happy or anxious but not when feeling both. Conversely, for older adults, curiosity was higher when they felt both happy and anxious concurrently. In other words, older adults were more likely to experience curiosity as a mixed emotional state, whereas younger adults were more likely to experience curiosity as a pure emotional state. This finding adds to the current mixed emotion and aging literature and has important implications for future interventions to enhance curiosity towards novelties for people from different age groups.
Age Similarity in Emotion Perception Based on Eye Gaze Manipulation
Authors: Abualula Yosra , Allard Eric 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine age differences in emotion perception as a function of emotion type and gaze direction. Old and young adult participants were presented with facial images showing happiness, sadness, fear, anger and disgust while having their eyes tracked. The image stimuli included a manipulation of eye gaze. Half of the facial expressions had a directed eye gaze while the other half showed an averted gaze. A 2 (age) x 2 (gaze) x 5 (emotion) repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze emotion perception scores and fixation to eye and mouth regions of the face. The manipulation of eye gaze yielded more age similarities than differences in emotion perception. Overall, we did not detect age differences in recognition ability. However, we found that certain emotion categories differentially impacted emotion perception. Interestingly, we observed that an averted gaze led to beneficial performance for fear and disgust faces. Additionally, participants spent more time fixating on the eye regions of sad facial expressions. We discuss how naturalistic manipulations of various facial features could impact age-related differences (or similarities) in emotion perception.
Disruption as Antecedent to New Business Startup: A Study of Entrepreneurship Using the Understanding America Study
Authors: Kabo Felichism , Thornhill Stewart , Isele Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We use data from a nationally representative study to examine antecedents of entrepreneurial activity in the US among younger (&lt; age 50) and older (≥ age 50) adults using Shapero’s and Sokol’s Model of the “Entrepreneurial Event” (hereafter SEE). The “entrepreneurial event” here refers to the initiation of entrepreneurial behavior. The SEE approach assumes that individuals default to inertia until their lives are disrupted by exogenous factors such as life-changing events (Shapero & Sokol, 1982). The disruptor could be either positive or negative, and has the net effect of driving the individual to reconsider entrepreneurship as a viable opportunity (Krueger & Brazeal, 1994; Krueger & Day, 2010). We examine the correlation between negative disruptions and a person initiating entrepreneurial behavior (starting a new business), including whether the process is similar across younger and older adults. Using data collected in 2014 and 2019 from 3,586 individuals in the Understanding America Study panel, we run survey Cox proportional hazards models to analyze the effects of negative disruptions (getting separated or divorced) on starting a new business over a five-year period starting in 2014. We found that negative disruptions have a significant, positive effect but only among older adults. Further, the magnitude of that effect is about 3-7 times that of younger adults. Our findings support the validity of the SEE approach in advancing our understanding of the transition of individuals from potential to actual entrepreneurs. However, the findings suggest the SEE approach better explains this process in older rather than younger adults.
Gene-Environment Covariance as a Mechanism of Declines in Openness in Late Adulthood
Authors: Beam Christopher , Sharp Emily 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We previously demonstrated that openness to experience declines with age and these declines correlate with mortality risk. We posited that decline in openness was related to change in behavior in relation to a change in future time perspective, defined here as dynamic changes in scope of time that influence persons’ behavior. This idea, based on Baltes’ selection, optimization, and compensation theory of lifespan development, suggests that with foreshortened time horizons individuals adapt their behavior leading to lesser engagement in novel experiences and relationships. The current study examined the genetically informed mechanisms underpinning the relationship between openness and mortality. Using identical and fraternal twins from the Swedish Adoption Twin Study of Aging (SATSA), we examined whether twins further from death nonrandomly select environments that maintain their openness scores while their co-twins nearer to death nonrandomly select environments that contribute to declines in openness. Using a sample of 822 twin pairs, we estimated a genetically-informed longitudinal model that quantified time-varying effects of twins’ openness scores at time t-1 on latent nonshared environmental scores at time t. The model generates within-family gene-environment correlation, a statistical coefficient that quantifies the genetic basis for nonrandom exposure to environments. Results suggest significant time-varying correlations between twins’ openness scores and their unique environments as well as increasing gene-environment correlation over time. Findings are consistent with the view that environments can support and reinforce maintenance of or declines in openness depending on the length of persons’ time horizons.
Generativity Development Across Adulthood: A Longitudinal Investigation
Authors: Nelson Niccole , Bergeman Cindy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The developmental trajectory of Generativity, or investment in the next generation, has been theorized about for decades. Although Generativity is widely hypothesized to peak in midlife, and thus, follow a nonlinear change trajectory across adulthood, extant studies have been too limited in scope to formally test this hypothesis. Indeed, most existing studies on Generativity development have been cross-sectional, with the few longitudinal studies either only examining the first half of adulthood or using too few measurement points. The current study, therefore, aimed to address these limitations by investigating Generativity development in the context of an accelerated longitudinal design. Accelerated longitudinal designs capitalize on both cross-sectional and longitudinal data, combining age-heterogenous individuals’ overlapping trajectories to estimate developmental change across the sample’s age range. If cohort effects are not present in the estimated trajectory, this trajectory can be interpreted as developmental change. Participants included 876 age-heterogenous individuals from The Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being (Mean age = 58.89; SD age = 9.42), a 10-year, longitudinal study of adult development and aging. Capitalizing on the age-heterogeneity of the sample at Time 1, two-level, multilevel modeling was employed to estimate Generativity development across ages 37 to 96. Results indicate that Generativity follows an age-graded cubic trend, with no apparent cohort effects. Specifically, Generativity peaks in early midlife, declines slightly before stabilizing across ages 47-77, and then declines sharply thereafter. Implications for lifespan developmental research, as well as health and well-being, will be discussed.