bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Characterization of Resin Embedded and Sliced Polymer Nanoparticles by Means of Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Force–Distance Curve Based Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Höppener Christiane , Schacher Felix H. , Deckert Volker 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the property‐function relation of nanoparticles in various application fields involves determining their physicochemical properties, which is still a remaining challenge to date. While a multitude of different characterization tools can be applied, these methods by themselves can only provide an incomplete picture. Therefore, novel analytical techniques are required, which can address both chemical functionality and provide structural information at the same time with high spatial resolution. This is possible by using tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), but due to its limited depth information, TERS is usually restricted to investigations of the nanoparticle surface. Here, TERS experiments are established on polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) after resin embedding and microtome slicing. With that, unique access to their internal morphological features is gained, and thus, enables differentiation between information obtained for core‐ and shell‐regions. Complementary information is obtained by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and from force–distance curve based atomic force microscopy (FD‐AFM). This multimodal approach achieves a high degree of discrimination between the resin and the polymers used for nanoparticle formulation. The high potential of TERS combined with advanced AFM spectroscopy tools to probe the mechanical properties is applied for quality control of the resin embedding procedure.
Research on the use of algorithms for matrix transformations for encrypting text information
Authors: Khanas Yuriy , Borecki Michał 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeveral algorithms are presented in the article for the transformation of numerical matrices by nonstandard means. These algorithms are shown in the data encryption task, namely, a text message with a certain set of characters. An analysis of the effectiveness of the proposed approach will be demonstrated by comparing open source and encrypted. The algorithms developed by the author are described in as detailed and clear as possible, since they are new. At the same time, they can be difficult to reach or incorrectly interpreted by those who do not have the full amount of information about
them.
Insight into Multi‐Scale Structure and Digestibility of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Starch Subjected to High Speed Jet Treatment
Authors: Mei Jiang‐Yang , Zhang Lu , Ren Min‐Hong , Lin Ying , Fu Zhen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProcessing has a great influence on starch digestibility and increasing attention has been paid to the application of emerging environmentally friendly starch modification technology. Hierarchical structure and digestibility of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) starch (APS) following high speed jet (HSJ) treatment are investigated. HSJ treatment (at 200 MPa for different processing cycles) significantly increases the rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content and decreases the slowly digestible starch and resistant starch content and significantly decreases the molecular weight of amylopectin and destroys granular structures with increasing treatment passes. The number of double helices is also reduced. The structural changes alter the digestibility of uncooked APS and transform the slowly digestible and/or resistant starch to the rapidly digestible form.
State fragility and foreign direct investment: The mediating roles of human flight and economic decline
Authors: Seyoum Belay , Camargo Andrea 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDeveloping countries view foreign direct investment (FDI) as a vital contributor to economic growth by augmenting domestic capital and enhancing efficiency through transfer of new technology, marketing, and management skills. Even though the factors that influence FDI have been examined in the context of developing countries, the role of state fragility has been underexplored in the literature. Drawing on institutional theory, we develop hypotheses on the link between state fragility and inward FDI. Based on data from 93 fragile countries from different geographical areas, the study shows the influence of state fragility on human flight and brain drain and the role of the latter in causing economic decline. It also explores the mediating roles of human flight and economic decline in the relationship between state fragility and inward FDI flows and identifies economic decline as an important path linking state fragility and FDI.
Wind turbine partial wake merging description and quantification
Authors: Scott Ryan , Viggiano Bianca , Dib Tamara , Ali Naseem , Hölling Michael , Peinke Joachim , Cal Raúl Bayoán 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIndividual turbine location within a wind plant defines the flow characterisitcs experienced by a given turbine. Irregular turbine arrays and inflow misalignment can reduce plant efficiency by producing highly asymmetric wakes with enhanced downstream longevity. Changes in wake dynamics as a result of turbine position were quantified in a wind tunnel experiment. Scale model turbines with a rotor diameter of 20 cm and a hub height of 24 cm were placed in symmetric, asymmetric, and rotated configurations. Simultaneous hub height velocity measurements were recorded at 11 spanwise locations for three distances downstream of the turbine array under two inflow conditions. Wake interactions are described in terms of the time‐average streamwise velocity and turbulence intensity as well as the displacement, momentum, and energy thicknesses. The effects of wake merging on power generation are quantified, and the two‐point correlation is used to examine symmetry in the mean velocity between wakes. The results indicate that both asymmetric and rotated wind plant arrangements can produce long‐lasting wakes. At shallow angles, rotated configurations compound the effects of asymmetric arrangements and greatly increase downstream wake persistence.
A survey of digital circuit testing in the light of machine learning
Authors: Pradhan Manjari , Bhattacharya Bhargab B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe insistent trend in today's nanoscale technology, to keep abreast of the Moore's law, has been continually opening up newer challenges to circuit designers. With rapid downscaling of integration, the intricacies involved in the manufacturing process have escalated significantly. Concomitantly, the nature of defects in silicon chips has become more complex and unpredictable, adding further difficulty in circuit testing and diagnosis. The volume of test data has surged and the parameters that govern testing of integrated circuits have increased not only in dimension but also in the complexity of their correlation. Evidently, the current scenario serves as a pertinent platform to explore new test solutions based on machine learning. In this survey, we look at various recent advances in this evolving domain in the context of digital logic testing and diagnosis.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
Technologies > Machine Learning
Technologies > Prediction
Contributions of $$ {K}_0^{\ast } $$(1430) and $$ {K}_0^{\ast } $$(1950) in the three-body decays B → Kπh
Authors: Wang Wen-Fei , Chai Jian , Ma Ai-Jun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study the contributions of the resonant states $$ {K}_0^{\ast } $$

K
0
∗

(1430) and $$ {K}_0^{\ast } $$

K
0
∗

(1950) in the three-body decays B → Kπh (with h = π, K) in the perturbative QCD approach. The crucial nonperturbative input FKπ(s) in the distribution amplitudes of the S-wave Kπ system is derived from the matrix element of vacuum to Kπ pair. The C P averaged branching fraction of the quasi-two-body decay process B →$$ {K}_0^{\ast } $$

K
0
∗

(1950) h → Kπh is about one order smaller than that of the corresponding decay B →$$ {K}_0^{\ast } $$

K
0
∗

(1430)h → Kπh. In view of the important contribution from the S-wave Kπ system for the B → Kπh decays, it is not appropriate to neglect the $$ {K}_0^{\ast } $$

K
0
∗

(1950) in the theoretical or experimental studies for the relevant three-body B meson decays. The predictions in this work for the relevant decays are consistent with the existing experimental data.
VOAs and Rank-Two Instanton SCFTs
Authors: Beem Christopher , Meneghelli Carlo , Peelaers Wolfger , Rastelli Leonardo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe analyze the $$\mathcal {N}=2$$

N
=
2

superconformal field theories that arise when a pair of D3-branes probe an F-theory singularity from the perspective of the associated vertex operator algebra. We identify these vertex operator algebras for all cases; we find that they have a completely uniform description, parameterized by the dual Coxeter number of the corresponding global symmetry group. We further present free field realizations for these algebras in the style of recent work by three of the authors. These realizations transparently reflect the algebraic structure of the Higgs branches of these theories. We find fourth-order linear modular differential equations for the vacuum characters/Schur indices of these theories, which are again uniform across the full family of theories and parameterized by the dual Coxeter number. We comment briefly on expectations for the still higher-rank cases.
Using Positive Spanning Sets to Achieve d-Stationarity with the Boosted DC Algorithm
Authors: Artacho F. J. Aragón , Campoy R. , Vuong P. T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Difference of Convex functions Algorithm (DCA) is widely used for minimizing the difference of two convex functions. A recently proposed accelerated version, termed BDCA for Boosted DC Algorithm, incorporates a line search step to achieve a larger decrease of the objective value at each iteration. Thanks to this step, BDCA usually converges much faster than DCA in practice. The solutions found by DCA are guaranteed to be critical points of the problem, but these may not be local minima. Although BDCA tends to improve the objective value of the solutions it finds, these are frequently just critical points as well. In this paper we combine BDCA with a simple Derivative-Free Optimization (DFO) algorithm to force the d-stationarity (lack of descent direction) at the point obtained. The potential of this approach is illustrated through some computational experiments on a Minimum-Sum-of-Squares clustering problem. Our numerical results demonstrate that the new method provides better solutions while still remains faster than DCA in the majority of test cases.
How to resolve confusion in the clinical setting for the diagnosis of heterozygous COL4A3 or COL4A4 gene variants? Discussion and suggestions from nephrologists
Authors: Imafuku Aya , Nozu Kandai , Sawa Naoki , Nakanishi Koichi , Ubara Yoshifumi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBoth thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN) and autosomal dominant Alport syndrome (ADAS) are types of hereditary nephritis resulting from heterozygous mutations in COL4A3 or COL4A4 genes. Although TBMN is characterized by hematuria and thinning of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with excellent renal prognosis, some patients develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) later in life. In contrast, although AS is characterized by progressive nephropathy with lamellation of the GBM, there are some patients diagnosed with ADAS from a family history of ESRD but who only suffer from hematuria with GBM thinning. These findings indicate a limitation in distinction between TBMN and ADAS. Diagnosis of AS is significant because it facilitates careful follow-up and early treatment, whereas diagnosis of TBMN can underestimate the risk of ESRD. However, some experts are against using the term ADAS as the phenotypes of heterozygous variants vary from no urinary abnormality to ESRD, even between family members with the same mutations, indicating that unknown secondary factors may play a large role in the disease severity. These diagnostic difficulties result in significant confusion in clinical settings. Moreover, recent studies revealed that the number of patients with chronic kidney disease caused by these gene mutations is far higher than previously thought. The aim of this article is to review differing opinions regarding the diagnosis of heterozygous COL4A3 or COL4A4 variants, and to highlight the importance for nephrologists to recognize this disease, and the importance of the need to reclassify this disease to minimize the current confusion.
Modeling for supervisor synthesis – a lock-bridge combination case study
Authors: Reijnen Ferdie F. H. , Goorden Martijn A. , van de Mortel-Fronczak Joanna M. , Rooda Jacobus E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDesigning supervisory controllers for high-tech systems is becoming increasingly complex due to demands for verified safety, higher quality and availability, and extending functionality. Supervisor synthesis is a method to automatically derive a supervisor from a model of the plant and a model of the control requirements. While supervisor synthesis is an active research topic, only a few reports exist on industrial applications. One of the reasons for this is the lack of acquaintance of control engineers with modeling and specifying in the framework of automata. In addition to this, there are no clear guidelines for obtaining the necessary models for synthesis. In this paper, we describe a general way of modeling for the plant and the requirements in order to contribute towards the acceptance of supervisor synthesis in industry. This way of modeling is illustrated with an industrial case study in which a supervisory controller is synthesized for the Algera complex. The Algera complex consists of a waterway lock and a movable bascule bridge. The supervisor has to control 80 actuators based on the observations from 96 discrete sensors, in response to 63 control commands available from the operator. We show how to model the plant as a collection of extended finite-state automata, how to model the requirement as a collection of event conditions, how to synthesize the monolithic supervisor, and how to validate the resulting supervisor using continuous-time simulation.
Optimal Control of History-Dependent Evolution Inclusions with Applications to Frictional Contact
Authors: Migórski Stanisław 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study a class of subdifferential evolution inclusions involving history-dependent operators. First, we improve an existence and uniqueness theorem and prove the continuous dependence result in the weak topologies. Next, we establish the existence of optimal solution to an optimal control problem for the evolution inclusion. Finally, we illustrate the results by an example of an optimal control of a dynamic frictional contact problem in mechanics, whose weak formulation is the evolution variational inequality.
Active transitive impersonals in Slavic and beyond: a parallel corpus analysis
Authors: Schlund Katrin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMorphologically unmarked transitive (or accusative) impersonals, often also referred to as Adversity Impersonals or Elemental Constructions, have long been considered a primarily East Slavic phenomenon, with a somewhat marginal status in Polish. More recent research has claimed that these impersonal constructions also occur in other West Slavic languages and even in Slovenian. The present paper refines some of the previous assumptions about morphologically unmarked transitive impersonals in twelve Slavic and two non-Slavic languages by drawing on the results of a parallel corpus study. The analysis of empirical data suggests that it is necessary to identify the Štokavian dialectal continuum as a transitional area with a declining acceptability of morphologically unmarked transitive impersonals from the Northwest (Croatian) to the Southeast (Serbian). Moreover it will be shown that impersonals of this type are not an exclusively Slavic phenomenon.
Vestibular Schwannoma: What We Know and Where We are Heading
Authors: Gupta Vinay Kumar , Thakker Arjuna , Gupta Keshav Kumar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVestibular schwannoma (VS) is a Schwann cell-derived tumour arising from the vestibulocochlear nerve. Although benign, it represents a threat to intracranial structures due to mass effect and carries a small risk of malignant transformation. VS therefore represents an important healthcare burden. We review the literature regarding pathogenesis, risk factors, and diagnosis of VS. The current and future potential management strategies are also discussed. A narrative review of all relevant papers known to the authors was conducted. The majority of VS remain clinically stable and do not require interventional procedures. Nevertheless, various surgical techniques exist for removing VS, the most common of which are translabyrinthine and retrosigmoid approaches. Due to surgical risks such as hearing loss, facial nerve dysfunction, post-operative headache, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage, a "watch and rescan" approach is adopted for most patients. Radiotherapy is a useful alternative and has been shown to have a similar response for growth restriction. Due to the heterogeneous nature of VS, there is a lack of consensus regarding management of tumours that are too large for conservative management but too small to indicate surgery. Emerging biologic therapies, such as Bevacizumab, Everolimus, and Lapatinib, as well as anti-inflammatories like aspirin are promising potential treatments; however, long-term evidence of their efficacy is required. The knowledge base regarding VS continues to improve. With increased understanding of the pathogenesis of these tumors, we believe future work should focus on pharmacologic intervention. Biologic therapies aimed toward improved patient outcomes are particularly promising.
Fabrication of PVA polymer films with improved antibacterial activity by fine-tuning via organic acids for food packaging applications
Authors: Suganthi Sanjeevamuthu , Vignesh Shanmugam , Kalyana Sundar Jeyaperumal , Raj Vairamuthu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, organic acids were used as cross-linker with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films prepared by a solution-casting method for food packing applications. The effect of incorporating three different organic acids, i.e., malic acid (MA), tartaric acid (TA), and lactic acid (LA), on the physicochemical and biological properties of PVA was explored in detail. The crystalline phase, optical absorption, and functional groups were examined via UV–Vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal, microstructural, and surface investigations were conducted by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy, and the antibacterial activity was evaluated. The surface topography and roughness were found to have a strong effect on the bactericidal properties of the films, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy. Among the considered films, PVA/LA exhibited the highest bacterial inhibition, which was largely due to its capacity to modify the local pH and alter the permeability of the microbial layer by disrupting bacteria–substrate interaction. In general, the composite film was found to have attractive properties and can be considered as a food packaging material with low environmental impact based on polyvinyl alcohol.
Nash Equilibria and Bargaining Solutions of Differential Bilinear Games
Authors: Calà Campana Francesca , Ciaramella Gabriele , Borzì Alfio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper is devoted to a theoretical and numerical investigation of Nash equilibria and Nash bargaining problems governed by bilinear (input-affine) differential models. These systems with a bilinear state-control structure arise in many applications in, e.g., biology, economics, physics, where competition between different species, agents, and forces needs to be modelled. For this purpose, the concept of Nash equilibria (NE) appears appropriate, and the building blocks of the resulting differential Nash games are different control functions associated with different players that pursue different non-cooperative objectives. In this framework, existence of Nash equilibria is proved and computed with a semi-smooth Newton scheme combined with a relaxation method. Further, a related Nash bargaining (NB) problem is discussed. This aims at determining an improvement of all players’ objectives with respect to the Nash equilibria. Results of numerical experiments successfully demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed NE and NB computational framework.
Labouring for Livelihoods: Gender, Productivity and Collectivity
Authors: Agarwal Bina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCurrent debates in India on work, employment and labour markets have paid rather little attention to three important distinctions: between sustainable livelihoods and labour force participation; between autonomously managing non-family enterprises versus participation in decision-making within the confines of family enterprises; and between cooperation among workers for larger economic returns versus atomised individuals competing for work or livelihoods in unequal markets. This paper conceptually outlines the importance of focusing on work through the lens of livelihoods, autonomy and collectivity, especially for women. Empirically, it analyses whether group farming, wherein women farmers voluntarily pool land, labour, capital and skills to cultivate jointly, while sharing costs and benefits, can help them overcome their production constraints, create viable livelihoods, and gain autonomous identities as farmers? How well can women’s group farms perform in comparison with male-managed small family farms? Based on meticulously undertaken primary surveys of group farming in Kerala and Telangana, the paper compares all-women group farms with largely male-managed small family farms in the same state, in terms of productivity and profits. It also examines the impact on women’s skill capabilities and status, which state is more effective and why, and the lessons these experiences hold for replication elsewhere. New and emerging experiments with farmers’ collectives in eastern India and Gujarat, including all-male and mixed-gender groups, suggest that the group farming model can be adapted effectively to varying contexts. The paper thus demonstrates the importance and potential of transforming the institutions within which work is done, in order to enhance both worker well-being and productivity gains. In conclusion, it reflects on the concept of the Social and Solidarity Economy.
A Cautionary Note on Evidence-Accumulation Models of Response Inhibition in the Stop-Signal Paradigm
Authors: Matzke Dora , Logan Gordon D. , Heathcote Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe stop-signal paradigm is a popular procedure to investigate response inhibition—the ability to stop ongoing responses. It consists of a choice response time (RT) task that is occasionally interrupted by a stop stimulus signaling participants to withhold their response. Performance in the stop-signal paradigm is often formalized as race between a set of go runners triggered by the choice stimulus and a stop runner triggered by the stop signal. We investigated whether evidence-accumulation processes, which have been widely used in choice RT analysis, can serve as the runners in the stop-signal race model and support the estimation of psychologically meaningful parameters. We examined two types of the evidence-accumulation architectures: the racing Wald model (Logan et al. 2014) and a novel proposal based on the lognormal race (Heathcote and Love 2012). Using a series of simulation studies and fits to empirical data, we found that these models are not measurement models in the sense that the data-generating parameters cannot be recovered in realistic experimental designs.