bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Peels: Role of Chemical Peels in Facial Rejuvenation Today
Authors: Pathak Abraham , Mohan Raja , Rohrich Rod. J. 
Published: December 2019

Summary:The practice of chemical peeling remains an important aspect of the nonsurgical techniques available to the aesthetic surgeon when approaching skin rejuvenation. Despite past predictions of their disappearance in favor of lasers, the overall use of chemical peels by plastic surgeons continues to grow. In the past two decades, the techniques available to the clinician have evolved in safety and efficacy based on the dermatologic investigations of various individuals, including Obagi, Hetter, and Stone. The versatility, clinical endpoint–directed predictability, and favorable risk profile of chemical peels proffered by these latest advancements affirm that this modality is essential to the practice of the plastic surgeon treating patients with rhytides and dyschromias. This review presents the current role of chemical peels in skin rejuvenation, emphasizing the significant clinical advancements and their modern day applications and practice.
Results of XPAND II: A Multicenter, Prospective, Continued-Access Clinical Trial Using the AeroForm Tissue Expander for Two-Stage Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Ascherman Jeffrey A. , Zeidler Kamakshi , Morrison Kerry A. , Appel James , Castle John , Chun Yoon , Colwell Amy , Mohebali Khashayar , Stokes Tracey , Sudarsky Laura 
Published: December 2019

Background:
XPAND II was a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, open-label, continued-access study designed to confirm the results from the XPAND study, a multicenter, prospective, randomized study for breast reconstruction. The AeroForm device received clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in December 2016 based on the results of the pivotal XPAND trial, which compared the AeroForm to saline expanders.

Methods:
Fifty women were treated in the XPAND II study and implanted with the AeroForm device (86 devices). The study endpoint was successful completion of the second-stage surgery, and secondary endpoints were days to complete expansion and reconstruction, and patient/physician satisfaction. Following implantation, women were administered 10-cc doses of carbon dioxide at home up to three times daily. When adequate expansion was achieved, the expanders were exchanged for standard breast implants.

Results:
The primary endpoint (successful exchange to standard breast implant, precluding non–device-related failures) is 100 percent. All-cause interim success is 95 percent, with three subjects (four breasts) failing primary exchange because of non–device-related reasons. Median time to complete expansion was 21 days (range, 5 to 117 days). Median time to complete the reconstruction was 112 days (range, 55 to 329 days). Ninety-six percent of the subjects were very or moderately satisfied with the AeroForm expansion process.

Conclusions:
Results of the XPAND II continued access study confirm and improve on previous results from the randomized trial (XPAND). These results validate that the AeroForm patient-controlled, needle-free carbon dioxide tissue expander is safe and effective for two-stage breast reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Facial Nerve Danger Zones
Authors: Stuzin James M. , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: December 2019

Summary:
Facial nerve injury is one of the most feared complications in surgical rejuvenation of the aging face. Understanding the three-dimensional architecture of the facial soft tissue, the fascial planes that exist within this architectural arrangement, and the danger zones where the facial nerve is situated superficial and adjacent to the planes of dissection commonly used in face-lift techniques, are the keys to safety in preventing motor branch injury. The two-dimensional branching patterns of the marginal and cervical branches of the facial nerve are variable, making it difficult to ascertain exact nerve location when dissecting within the cheek and neck. On a three-dimensional basis, the position and depth of the marginal and cervical branches are constant and predictable. Understanding the three-dimensional anatomy in terms of planes of dissection, and the danger zones where these nerve branches are vulnerable to injury, provides protection against iatrogenic injury when performing surgical rejuvenation of the aging face. These video vignettes provide an overview of the fascial anatomy of the cheek in relation to the facial nerve branches and delineate the regions of the face in which nerve branches are most likely to be injured. Methods to prevent injury are discussed. Furthermore, the vignette defines these danger zones and delineates methods to protect the nerve branches.
Solitary Cerebellar Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer Detected by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hou Guozhu , Jiang Yuanyuan , Cheng Xin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ovarian cancer with solitary metastasis to the cerebellum is very rare. We presented a 58-year-old woman complaining of headaches 9 months after debulking surgery and chemotherapy due to ovarian cancer. The serum CA125 level was elevated. FDG PET/CT was then recommended to identify potential malignancy and showed a hypermetabolic mass in the right cerebellum. The cerebellar mass was surgically removed, and the pathology confirmed metastasis from ovarian cancer.
Corpus Cavernosum Abscess Diagnosed on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Vermeulen Sim , Walgraeve Natascha , De Geeter Frank 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The utility of PET in septicemia for showing its source and possible metastatic infection has been demonstrated. We describe the diagnosis on PET/CT of a spontaneous corpus cavernosum abscess in a 64-year-old man presenting with Streptococcus constellatus septicemia, in whom the clinical diagnosis had been elusive for 10 days.
Hepatosplenic Tuberculosis on Pretherapy and Posttherapy FDG PET/CT
Authors: Jin Xiaona , Huo Li , Wang Tong , Liu Yu , Li Fang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A 65-year-old woman underwent FDG PET/CT for presumed hepatosplenic malignancy suggested by an abdominal CT. The images revealed multiple foci of intense FDG activity in both the liver and the spleen. However, a splenic biopsy result revealed no malignant cells, and either tuberculosis or sarcoidosis was proposed. Following an incomplete antituberculosis therapy, a repeat FDG PET/CT showed resolution of the abnormal activity in the liver and the spleen.
99mTc-MIP-1404 SPECT/CT for Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Schmidkonz Christian , Atzinger Armin , Goetz Theresa Ida , Beck Michael , Ritt Philipp , Prante Olaf , Kuwert Torsten , Bäuerle Tobias , Cordes Michael 
Published: December 2019

Background

99mTc-MIP-1404 is a SPECT-suitable prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand for detection of prostate cancer. In patients with metastatic prostate cancer, there are no data as yet on interobserver and intraobserver variability when assessing PSMA-positive lesions for longitudinal changes of tracer uptake.

Methods

99mTc-MIP-1404 SPECT/CT scans of 22 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were analyzed, and each subject was imaged at 2 separate points in time, before and after treatment. Mean interval between scans was 10 months. Three independent observers visually assessed a total of 96 PSMA-positive metastases (bone, 69; lymph node, 22; viscera, 3) or local recurrences (n = 2) for longitudinal changes in tracer uptake on planar scintigraphy and SPECT/CT. All lesions were categorized as regressive, stable, or progressive based on visual findings and on peak SUV (SUVpeak) of quantitative SPECT/CT (progressive, >30% SUVpeak increase; regressive, <30% SUVpeak decrease; or stable, all others).

Results
Quantitative analysis of PSMA-positive lesions yielded significantly higher interobserver agreement (90.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83%–0.96%) than visual assessments by either SPECT/CT (76.0%; 95% CI, 0.66%–0.84%) or planar scintigraphy (56.3%; 95% CI, 0.46%–0.66%). Intermethod comparison of aggregated results yielded significantly higher agreement between quantitative and visual SPECT/CT (85.1%; 95% CI, 0.80%–0.89%), as opposed to quantitative SPECT/CT and planar scintigraphy (53.1%; 95% CI, 0.47%–0.59%) or visual SPECT/CT and planar scintigraphy (54.9%; 95% CI, 0.49%–0.61%). In visual and quantitative analysis of 96 PSMA-positive lesions, the number of discrepancies ranged from 9 (9.4%) for quantitative SPECT/CT to 42 (43.8%) for planar scintigraphy. Overall reader confidence was higher for SPECT/CT than for planar scintigraphy (P < 0.001). Intraobserver agreement was near-perfect for all methods, whether SPECT/CT (visual, all κ = 0.94–0.97; quantitative κ = 0.94–0.98) or planar scintigraphy (all κ = 0.90–0.94).

Conclusions
Quantitative evaluation of longitudinal change in tracer uptake by PSMA-positive lesions measured via SPECT/CT is superior to visual interpretation of images by planar scintigraphy or SPECT/CT. Compared with visual evaluation, quantitative SPECT/CT is highly reproducible, showing near-perfect agreement among observers and higher reader confidence.
18F-FET PET for Diagnosis of Pseudoprogression of Brain Metastases in Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Akhoundova Dilara , Hiltbrunner Stefanie , Mader Cäcilia , Förster Robert , Kraft Johannes , Schwanhäusser Bianca , Bankel Lorenz , Kollias Spyros , Treyer Valerie , Rushing Elisabeth Jane , Lee Seok-Yun , Andratschke Nicolaus , Hüllner Martin , Curioni-Fontecedro Alessandra 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
To evaluate whether 18F-fluoroethyltyrosine (FET) PET can discriminate progression from pseudoprogression of brain metastases in patients with non–small cell lung cancer undergoing immunotherapy and radiotherapy to the brain.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 18F-FET PET scans in cases with documented progression of brain metastases on MRI in a cohort of 53 patients with non–small cell lung cancer receiving immune-checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy of brain metastases at the University Hospital of Zürich from June 2015 until January 2019. Response to radiotherapy was assessed by MRI. In case of equivocal findings and/or radiological progression in clinically asymptomatic patients, further assessment with 18F-FET PET was performed.

Results
From the cohort of 53 patients, the restaging MRI showed in 30 patients (56.6%) progression of at least 1 treated metastasis. Thereof, 18F-FET PET was performed in 11 patients, based on the absence of neurological symptoms or presence of systemic response and physicians' decision. 18F-FET PET correctly identified pseudoprogression in 9 of 11 patients (81.8%). In patients who did not undergo 18F-FET PET, 5 of 19 (26.3%) were diagnosed with pseudoprogression.

Conclusions
Pseudoprogression of brain metastases occurred in 50% of patients diagnosed with progression on MRI. 18F-FET PET may help differentiate pseudoprogression from real progression in order to avoid discontinuation of effective therapy or unneeded interventions.
18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Thymoma-Associated Paraneoplastic Polymyositis
Authors: Fu Zhanli , Chen Guoqian , Chen Xueqi , Li Qian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA 43-year-old woman presented with progressive muscle weakness and myalgia for 1 month. Laboratory tests revealed the elevation of myogenic enzymes. MRI of the thighs demonstrated a pattern of edema for inflammatory myopathy. Electromyography showed diffuse myopathic disorder, and muscle biopsy indicated polymyositis.18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to investigate the potential paraneoplastic syndrome and revealed a soft tissue lesion with18F-FDG avidity in the right anterior mediastinum, as well as diffusely increased activity throughout the body muscles. The patient's symptoms and biochemical abnormalities were gradually relieved after the tumor resection, and the histopathology indicated a type AB thymoma.
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings in a Patient With Primary Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Hu Yujing , Tian Congna , Zhang Xinchao , Wei Qiang , Bian Yanzhu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A 50-year-old woman presented with a mass in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast, which proved to be a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma by biopsy. An 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed for staging, which showed that the breast tumor was the only lesion with abnormal 18F-FDG avidity. Breast-conserving surgery was performed following a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy of the left axilla, and primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast was finally diagnosed.
Late Conversion From Calcineurin Inhibitors to Belatacept in Kidney-Transplant Recipients Has a Significant Beneficial Impact on Glycemic Parameters
Authors: Terrec Florian , Jouve Thomas , Naciri-Bennani Hamza , Benhamou Pierre-Yves , Malvezzi Paolo , Janbon Benedicte , Giovannini Diane , Rostaing Lionel , Noble Johan 
Published: December 2019

Background.
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and steroids are strongly associated with new-onset diabetes after transplantation, worsening of pre-existing diabetes, and cardiovascular events. We assessed the benefit of conversion from CNI-based to belatacept-based immunosuppression in diabetic kidney-transplant (KT) recipients on glucose control and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods.
In this retrospective, noncontrolled single-study conducted between May 2016 and October 26, 2018, we recruited KT recipients converted from CNIs to belatacept at least 6 months after KT. The primary endpoint was the evolution of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Secondary endpoints included modifications to antidiabetic drugs, other cardiovascular risk factors, and renal function.

Results.
One hundred and three KT recipients were included. Of these, 26 (25%) had type 2 diabetes. The patients were either receiving oral antidiabetic drugs (n = 21; 75%) or insulin therapy (n = 14; 54%). Overall HbA1c decreased significantly from 6.2 ± 1 to 5.8 ± 1%, P < 0.001. In diabetic patients, HbA1c decreased from 7.2 ± 1 to 6.5 ± 1%, P = 0.001. HbA1c significantly decreased in the subgroup of patients with new-onset diabetes after transplantation and whether diabetes was controlled at inclusion or not (ie, HA1c ≤7% or >7%). Moreover, no diabetic patient increased the number of oral antidiabetic drugs and the dose of basal insulin was not statistically different from baseline to 6 months (16 international unit at baseline and 16 international unit at 6 mo, P = 1). One patient had to start treatment by insulin pump. During follow-up, the renal function, body mass index, and hemoglobin level of all 103 patients remained stable, 2 patients presented acute cellular rejection, and no patient suffered from graft loss.

Conclusions.
A late switch from CNI to belatacept was a valuable therapeutic option for diabetic kidney recipients and substantially improved glycemic parameters.
In situunsupervised learning using stochastic switching in magneto-electric magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Chakraborty Indranil , Agrawal Amogh , Jaiswal Akhilesh , Srinivasan Gopalakrishnan , Roy Kaushik 
Published: December 2019

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a bio-plausible and potentially power-efficient alternative to conventional deep learning. Although there has been progress towards implementing SNN functionalities in custom CMOS-based hardware using beyond Von Neumann architectures, the power-efficiency of the human brain has remained elusive. This has necessitated investigations of novel material systems which can efficiently mimic the functional units of SNNs, such as neurons and synapses. In this paper, we present a magnetoelectric–magnetic tunnel junction (ME-MTJ) device as a synapse. We arrange these synapses in a crossbar fashion and performin situunsupervised learning. We leverage the capacitive nature of write-ports in ME-MTJs, wherein by applying appropriately shaped voltage pulses across the write-port, the ME-MTJ can be switched in a probabilistic manner. We further exploit the sigmoidal switching characteristics of ME-MTJ to tune the synapses to follow the well-known spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) rule in a stochastic fashion. Finally, we use the stochastic STDP rule in ME-MTJ synapses to simulate a two-layered SNN to perform image classification tasks on a handwritten digit dataset. Thus, the capacitive write-port and the decoupled-nature of read-write path of ME-MTJs allow us to construct a transistor-less crossbar, suitable for energy-efficient implementation ofin situlearning in SNNs.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Harmonizing energy-autonomous computing and intelligence’.
Boolean satisfiability in quantum compilation
Authors: Soeken Mathias , Meuli Giulia , Schmitt Bruno , Mozafari Fereshte , Riener Heinz , De Micheli Giovanni 
Published: December 2019

Quantum compilation is the task of translating a quantum algorithm implemented in a high-level quantum programming language into a technology-dependent instructions flow for a physical quantum computer. To tackle the large gap between the quantum program and the low-level instructions, quantum compilation is split into a multi-stage flow consisting of several layers of abstraction. Several different individual tasks have been proposed for the layers in the flow, many of them are NP-hard. In this article, we will describe the flow and we will propose algorithms based on Boolean satisfiability, which is a good match to tackle such computationally complex problems.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Harmonizing energy-autonomous computing and intelligence’.
Adaption of a Conventional ELISA to a 96-well ELISA-Array for Measuring the Antibody Responses to Influenza virus proteins, viruses and vaccines
Authors: Waltari Eric , Carabajal Esteban , Sanyal Mrinmoy , Friedland Natalia , McCutcheon Krista M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe describe an adaptation of conventional ELISA methods to an ELISA-Array format using non-contact Piezo printing of up to 30 spots of purified recombinant viral fusion proteins, vaccine and virus on 96 well high-protein binding plates. Antigens were printed in 1 nanoliter volumes of protein stabilizing buffer using as little as 0.25 nanograms of protein, 2000-fold less than conventional ELISA. The performance of the ELISA-Array was demonstrated by serially diluting n=8 human post-flu vaccination plasma samples starting at a 1/1000 dilution and measuring binding to the array of Influenza antigens. Plasma polyclonal antibody levels were detected using a cocktail of biotinylated anti-human kappa and lambda light chain antibodies, followed by a Streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate and the dose-dependent signal was developed with a precipitable TMB substrate. Intra- and inter-assay precision of absorbance units among the eight donor samples showed mean CVs of 4.8% and 10.8%, respectively. The plasma could be differentiated by donor and antigen with titer sensitivities ranging from 1 × 103to 4 × 106, IC50values from 1 × 104to 9 × 106, and monoclonal antibody sensitivities in the ng/mL range. Equivalent sensitivities of ELISA versus ELISA-Array, compared using plasma and an H1N1 HA trimer, were achieved on the ELISA-Array printed at 0.25ng per 200um spot and 1000ng per ELISA 96-well. Vacuum-sealed array plates were shown to be stable when stored for at least 2 days at ambient temperature and up to 1 month at 4-8°C. By the use of any set of printed antigens and analyte matrices the methods of this multiplexed ELISA-Array format can be broadly applied in translational research.
Content of xylose, trehalose and L-citrulline in cucumber fermentations and utilization of such compounds by certain lactobacilli
Authors: Ucar Redife Aslihan , Pérez-Díaz Ilenys M. , Dean Lisa L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis research determined the concentration of trehalose, xylose and L-citrulline in fresh and fermented cucumbers and their utilization byLactobacillus pentosus,Lactobacillus plantarum,Lactobacillus brevisandLactobacillus buchneri. Targeted compounds were measured by HPLC and the ability of certain lactobacilli to utilize them was scrutinized in fermented cucumber juice. Fresh cucumber juice was supplemented with trehalose, xylose and L-citrulline to observed mixed culture fermentations. Changes in the biochemistry, pH and colony counts during fermentations were monitored. Trehalose was detected in fermentations to 15.51 ± 1.68 mM. Xylose was found in a fresh cucumber sample to 36.05 mM. L-citrulline was present in fresh and fermented cucumber samples to 1.05 ± 0.63 mM. Most of the lactobacilli tested utilized trehalose and xylose in FCJM at pH 4.7. L-citrulline was utilized byL. buchneriand produced by other LAB. L-citrulline (12.43 ± 2.3 mM) was converted to ammonia (14.54 ± 3.60 mM) and the biogenic amine ornithine (14.19 ± 1.07 mM) byL. buchneriat pH 4.7 in the presence of 0.5 ± 0.2 mM glucose enhancing growth by 0.5 log CFU/mL. The use of a mixed starter culture containingL. buchneriaided in the removal of L-citrulline and enhanced the fermentation stability. The utilization of L-citrulline byL. buchnerimay be a cause of concern for the stability of cucumber fermentations at pH 3.7 or above. This study identifies the use of a tripartite starter culture as an enhancer of microbial stability for fermented cucumbers.ImportanceUtilization of trehalose, xylose and L-citrulline as energy sources by the indigenous cucumber microbiota was studied to determine if this was a cause for the spoilage of the fermented fruit. While the plant derived sugars, trehalose and xylose, were occasionally present in cucumber fermentations, they are readily utilized by the bacteria spearheading primary fermentation. L-citrulline, however, is an amino acid not naturally found in proteins, was detected in all the samples tested and was uniquely utilized by the spoilage associated bacterium,L. buchneri. Additionally, the bacteria involved in cucumber fermentation produced L-citrulline. It was observed that the use ofL. pentosus,L. brevisandL. buchneriin a mixed starter culture aids in the removal of the alternate energy sources, including L-citrulline, and the generation of a stable cucumber fermentation for 55 days under anaerobiosis.
Cell competition, the kinetics of thymopoiesis and thymus cellularity are regulated by double negative 2 to 3 early thymocytes
Authors: Ramos Camila V. , Ballesteros-Arias Luna , Silva Joana G. , Paiva Rafael A. , Nogueira Marta F. , Carneiro Jorge , Gjini Erida , Martins Vera C. 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYCell competition in the thymus is a homeostatic process that drives turnover. If the process is impaired, thymopoiesis can be autonomously maintained for several weeks, but this causes leukemia. We aimed to understand the impact of cell competition on thymopoiesis, identify the cells involved and determine how the process is regulated. Using thymus transplantation experiments we found that cell competition occurs within the double negative 2 (DN2) and 3 early (DN3e) thymocytes and inhibits thymus autonomy. Furthermore, the expansion of DN2b is regulated by a negative feedback loop imposed by double positive thymocytes and determines the kinetics of thymopoiesis. This feedback loop impacts on cell cycle duration of DN2b, in a response controlled by interleukin 7 availability. Altogether, we show that thymocytes do not merely follow a pre-determined path if provided with the correct signals. Instead, thymopoiesis dynamically integrates cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous aspects that fine-tune normal thymus function.