bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreasing the radiation dose for contrast-enhanced abdominal spectral CT with a half contrast dose: a matched-pair comparison with a 120 kVp protocol
Authors: Sakabe Daisuke , Nakaura Takeshi , Oda Seitaro , Kidoh Masafumi , Utsunomiya Daisuke , Masahiro Hatemura RT , Funama Yoshinori 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: To compare the estimated radiation dose of 50% reduced iodine contrast medium (halfCM) for virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) with that of standard CM (stdCM) with a 120 kVp imaging protocol for contrast-enhanced CT (CECT). Methods: We enrolled 30 adults with renal dysfunction who underwent abdominal CT with halfCM for spectral CT. As controls, 30 matched patients without renal dysfunction using stdCM were also enrolled. CT images were reconstructed with the VMIs at 55 keV with halfCM and 120 kVp images with stdCM and halfCM. The Monte-Carlo simulation tool was used to simulate the radiation dose. The organ doses were normalized to CTDIvol for the liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys and measured between halfCM and stdCM protocols. Results: For the arterial phase, the mean organ doses normalized to CTDIvol for stdCM and halfCM were 1.22 and 1.29 for the liver, 1.50 and 1.35 for the spleen, 1.75 and 1.51 for the pancreas, and 1.89 and 1.53 for the kidneys. As compared with non-enhanced CT, the average increase in the organ dose was significantly lower for halfCM (13.8% ± 14.3 and 26.7% ± 16.7) than for stdCM (31.0% ± 14.3 and 38.5% ± 14.8) during the hepatic arterial and portal venous phases (p < 0.01). Conclusion: As compared with stdCM with the 120 kVp imaging protocol, a 50% reduction in CM with VMIs with the 55 keV protocol allowed for a substantial reduction of the average organ dose of iodine CM while maintaining the iodine CT number for CECT. Advances in knowledge: This study provides that the halfCM protocol for abdominal CT with a dual-layer-dual-energy CT can significantly reduce the increase in the average organ dose for non-enhanced CT as compared with the standard CM protocol.
O HISTÓRICO DAS INTERVENÇÕES HUMANAS NA BAÍA DE GUANABARA (BRASIL) E O REGISTRO DO ANTROPOCENO EM QUATRO UNIDADES SEDIMENTARES
Authors: Baptista Filho Luis Saavedra , Baptista Neto José Antônio , Martins Maria Virginia , Geraldes Mauro Cesar 
Published: October 2020

A Baía de Guanabara, um dos mais importantes sistemas costeiros do sudeste brasileiro, com os seus primeiros rasgos estruturais durante o pré-cambriano e instalação definitiva durante o Cenozoico, tem vindo a ser modelada por processos relacionados com alterações climáticas e mais recentemente pela forte atividade antrópica, na região. Este trabalho pretende efetuar uma síntese de registros sedimentares históricos relacionados com a ação antrópica no entrono da Baía de Guanabara e definir o início do Antropoceno neste sistema costeiro.Em adição, os resultados desta investigação permitem a divisão do Antropoceno em quatro periodos de sedimentação na Bia da Guanabara.A documentação e os dados analisados permitem considerar que a camada sedimentar que marca o início do Antropoceno, na Baía de Guanabara foi depositada em 1502 (Ano Domine), no decurso da “Pequena Idade do Gelo”, ano a partir do qual teve início o processo de ocupação colonialista dos Portugueses. Esforços de ocupação e defesa local após o descobrimento, em 1502, culminou com a criação da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em 1565.A partir de então observam-se no registro sedimentar a redução granulométrica dos sedimento, em plena Pequena Idade do Gelo, aumento progressivo dos teores de matéria orgânica mudanças polínicas resultantes do desmatamento para extração do pau-brasil, para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar, que se estendeu dos séculos XVI ao XIX, e do café nos séculos XVIII e XIX. De meados do séc. XVIII ao início do séc. XX inicia o ciclo da mineração, seguida do começo do ciclo da industrialização e principia de forma incipiente a poluição danosa na Baía de Guanabara. O desenvolvimento industrial, a partir da invenção da máquina a vapor, associado à necessidade de matéria-prima, conseguida a baixo custo nos países colonizados à época, marcou a segunda fase do Antropoceno na Baía de Guanabara, a partir de meados do século XVIII e que terá durado até ao início do século XX. Esta fase é identificada em registros sedimentares onde ocorre aumento expressivo de metais.Início do séc. XX ao início dos anos 50 a alteração de mais de 10 Km da orla ocidental da baía próxima a desembocadura causa a alteração do padrão hidrodinâmico dando lugar a um aumento acentuado da acumulação de sedimentos finos em vastas áreas da Baía de GuanabaraA quarta fase do Antropoceno, após meados do século XX, teve lugar num cenário de grande crescimento demográfico e industrial. A Baía de Guanabara passou a recolher o excedente sedimentar provocado pelas intervenções antrópicas acrescido do aumento dos resíduos domésticos (lixo em geral e esgoto) e industriais (óleo, metais pesados, substâncias tóxicas e carga orgânica) oriundos da expansão das atividades no seu entorno, acarretando a aceleração da perda de sua área de superfície e de profundidade.
A healthier way to meet people: the experiences of LGBT people exercising with a peer group
Authors: Hunter David J , Boyle Kevin 
Published: October 2020

Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) individuals have been shown to have poorer health when compared to those who identified as heterosexual. Additionally, they encounter barriers that deter participation in sports. Aim: To understand the experiences of LGBT individuals who participate in physical activity with peers. Method: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative (EDQ) study with data collected via face-to-face interviews from 12 participants. Data were thematically analysed to identify findings. Findings: exercising with peers represents a healthier way to meet people. Participants experienced improved physical, mental and social health. Conclusion: Engaging with a peer group for physical activity can have a transformational effect on members of the LGBT community, impacting on all aspects of their wellbeing. Nurses, and other health professionals, should be aware of the multifaceted benefits that exercising with a peer group can have, using their regular interactions with this patient group to recommend peer-supported exercise.
Informationstransparenz als Chance am Beispiel von Kundenrezensionen in der Automobilindustrie
Authors: Schlimbach Ricarda , Schnell Lukas , Asghari Reza 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Informationstransparenz ist zum Spiegelbild der Offenheit von Unternehmen geworden. Ein Beispiel dafür ist die Erfassung und Veröffentlichung von Kundenrezensionen im Internet. Ihre Bedeutung nimmt vor dem Hintergrund der Verlagerung von Kaufentscheidungsprozessen vom stationären Handel ins Internet auch in analog geprägten Branchen wie der Automobilindustrie zu. In der gesamten Prozesskette von der Datenerhebung, über das Text Mining bis hin zur Publikation ergeben sich durch den Aspekt der Offenheit zahlreiche Potentiale, aber auch Risiken. Diese werden zunächst literaturbasiert herausgearbeitet.Mit Hilfe einer Fallstudie eines international angelegten Projekts für die Feldarbeit und die Verarbeitung von Kundenrezensionen im Automobilsektor, werden Praxiserfahrungen aus Sicht beteiligter Fachexperten zusammengefasst. Im Zuge dessen werden Potentiale, Hürden und Handlungsempfehlungen im Umgang mit Kundenrezensionen hinsichtlich des Aspekts der Offenheit herausgearbeitet. Im Ausblick wird abschließend die wachsende Relevanz der Informationstransparenz diskutiert.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Conventional Versus Herbal Products on Streptococcus mutans in Adult Population- a Systematic Review & Meta-analysis
Authors: Teja Kavalipurapu Venkata , Kaligotla Apoorva Vasundhara , Gummuluri Sriram 
Published: October 2020

Background: Dental caries is challenging infectious disease, which is wide spread and difficult to control. Although it’s multifactorial, microorganisms especially cariogenic Streptococcus mutans plays a wide role in initiation and progression of dental caries. Objective: The present review mainly aimed to evaluate and assess the antibacterial efficacy of herbal versus conventional products on Streptococcus mutans. Data Sources: A search was execute in electronic database (i.e., PUBMEDCENTRAL, COCHRANE, LILAC, SCIENCEDIRECT, GOOGLE SEARCH) using following search terms alone and in combination by means of PUBMED search builder from January 1990 up to July 2019. Study Eligibility Criteria: Studies were stipulate if they met the following criteria: In vivo studies comparing herbal and conventional products on anticariogenic or antibacterial activity on Streptococcus mutans were selected. Participants and Intervention: Adult patients aged from 18-65 years with dental caries undergoing intervention of herbal products. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Material and Methods: Out of 225 studies collected from databases, only 6 studies were included and other 6 were collected by hand search. Finally 12 included studies were analyzed out of which 5 studies were considered for meta-analysis. Results: The results unveil that natural products exerted virtually homogeneous antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans when compared with the counterpart. Limitations: Review was assessing on patients with dental caries and studies previously assessed did not mention about the caries risk. Prevalence varies based on caries risk assessments. Study was concentrating only on single species Streptococcus mutans. But ideally caries is multifactorial. Conclusion: Although natural products were effective, the present systematic review does not furnish concrete evidence to a show increased antibacterial efficacy of natural products as compared to conventional products.
Keywords
Antibiotics, Chlorhexidine, Dental Caries, Herbal, Streptococcus mutans.
Colon Cancer Metastatic to the Pancreas Presenting as of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Bush Allison , Humes Ross , Young Patrick 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Most of the malignant pancreatic lesions are primary pancreatic tumors with only a small percentage due to metastases. Pancreatic malignancies often present with symptoms such as jaundice and weight loss. Less commonly, new-onset diabetes mellitus has been seen in the setting of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Although colon cancer commonly presents with metastatic disease, it typically spreads to the liver, lung, and peritoneum. We present a rare case of colon cancer metastatic to the pancreas presenting as diabetic ketoacidosis.
Down-regulation of miR-556-3p inhibits hemangioma cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis by targeting VEGFC
Authors: Jin Wen , Chen Liang , Gao Fengyun , Yang Mei , Liu Yan , Wang Bo 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of microRNA (miR)-556-3p on cell proliferation and apoptosis of hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (HemECs). qRT-PCR was used to compare the expressions of miR-556-3p in HemECs and normal cells. The target gene was identified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation was measured with MTT assay, while western blotting was used to assay VEGFC expression levels. Apoptosis was assayed with FITC Annexin V Apoptosis assay kit. miR-556-3p was overexpressed in HemECs. Transfection with miR-556-3p inhibitor resulted in decreased proliferation of HemECs (p<0.05). The expression of the target gene of miR-556-3pi.e. VEGFC was upregulated when miR-556-3p inhibitor was transfected. The transfection also resulted in increased apoptosis. In HemECs, miR-556-3p is overexpressed and VEGFC expression is low. Thus, miR-556-3p or VEGFC might be potential targets for treatment of angiosarcoma.
Plasma cfDNA as a potential treatment monitoring and prognostic index in patients withnon-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Nan , Li Gaofeng , Li Heng , Xiang Xudong , Guo Gang , Ma Qianli , Zhang Ying 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a prognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with NSCLC (n = 154) treated with gefitinib were recruited over a 5-year period for this study, and served as the observation group (79 males and 75 females, mean age = 53.74 ± 10.86 years). The control group (normal healthy individuals) consisted of 30 males and 22 females, aged 44 – 64 years (mean age = 54.12 ± 9.83 years). The follow-up lasted 5 years, or until the patient relapsed and died. The plasma level of cfDNA was determined in patients 1 day before treatment, 3 days after treatment, and on the 28th day of treatment.Based on the cfDNA expression level, NSCLC patients were subdivided into high-expression and low-expression groups, and differences in survival were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on factors affecting patients survival using COX. Total effectiveness was significantly higher in observation group (49.35%) than in control group (13.95 %) (p<0.05). The extent of disease control wasalso significantly higher in the observation group (93.51 %) than in control group (p<0.05). Plasma cfDNA level of NSCLCpatients was significantly higher than that of control group before treatment, but was significantly and time-dependently reduced after gefitinib treatment (p<0.05). Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) level increased with severity of disease (p<0.05). Patients in cfDNA low-expression group had significantly higher chances of survival than those in the high-expression group (p<0.05). The results of Cox multivariate analysis showed that pathological severity and cfDNA concentration were independent factors affecting prognosis of NSCLC (p<0.05). Plasma cfDNA is a potential prognostic index in patients with NSCLC.
Effect of External Perturbation and System Parameters on Optical Secure Communication Models
Authors: Yin Jiuli , Tian Mengjiao , Duan Xiangchun , Zhang Yongfen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chaotic signals are regarded as secure carriers for communication due to its high sensitivity to parameter and initial condition perturbations. This paper studies the problem of optical secure communication modeled by the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation. First, we prove that the chaotic signal can be easily produced from the optical soliton signal when external perturbations are executed to the Schrodinger equation. Chaos synchronization is then proved to be accomplished between the derived system and the original system which are different in the first-order derivative terms. Furthermore, we analyze the effects of system parameters on the chaos synchronization. Numerical results show that smaller differences can lead to more rapid synchronization. We also find that changing system parameters can affect the speed of chaos synchronization.
DHbLP: A Novel Technique for Survivability in Optical Networks
Authors: Saini Himanshi , Garg Amit Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM) optical networks meet ever-increasing bandwidth demand of internet applications. Network failure results in massive information loss particularly in networks carrying a huge volume of data. Survivability techniques ensure uninterrupted network functioning even in case of failure. Research in the domain of DWDM network survivability has contributed toward the development of protection and restoration techniques to provide resilience in optical networks. In this paper, basic concept of protection and restoration in optical networks has been introduced followed by review and analysis of existing routing and survivability techniques. It is observed that a trade-off among network performance parameters exists for any survivability scheme. A novel scheme, Dynamic Hybrid Technique based on Failure Location and Traffic Priority (DHbLP) adaptable to Quality of Service (QoS) demands, has been proposed. DHbLP is tested for one of the possible failure scenarios in the standard National Science Foundation NETwork (NSFNET) and it is observed that this technique improves network performance in terms of throughput and blocking probability.
The Use of Lifting Straps Alters the Entire Load-Velocity Profile During the Deadlift Exercise
Authors: Jukic Ivan , García-Ramos Amador , Malecek Jan , Omcirk Dan , Tufano James J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Jukic, I, García-Ramos, A, Malecek, J, Omcirk, D, and Tufano, JJ. The use of lifting straps alters the entire load-velocity profile during the deadlift exercise. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3331–3337, 2020—This study aimed to compare the one repetition maximum (1RM) and load-velocity (LV) profile between deadlifts performed with (DLw) and without (DLn) lifting straps. The full individual LV relationship of 20 men (age: 24.3 ± 2.4 years; body height: 180.6 ± 6.9 cm; body mass: 85.8 ± 8.0 kg) was randomly evaluated during 2 separate sessions for the DLw and DLn via an incremental loading test. One repetition maximum was greater (p < 0.001; g = 0.56, 95% confidence interval = [0.32, 0.79]) for DLw (177.0 ± 28.9 kg) compared with DLn (160.6 ± 26.0 kg). A highly linear relationship between mean velocity (MV) and %1RM was observed for both conditions (R

2

> 0.95; SEE < 6.18 %1RM for pooled data and R

2

> 0.98; SEE < 3.6 %1RM for individual data). However, MV associated with each %1RM was greater for DLn, and these differences were accentuated as the loading magnitude increased (g = 0.30–1.18). One repetition maximum was strongly associated between both conditions (r = 0.875 [0.71, 0.95]), whereas MV at 1RM (r = 0.21 [−0.25, 0.60]) was unrelated between conditions. The slope of the LV profiles (r = 0.845 [0.64, 0.94]) was correlated, but differed (g = 0.41 [0.16, 0.66]) between DLw and DLn, whereas the mean test velocity of all loads was unrelated (r = 0.270 [−0.20, 0.64]). An individual LV profile should be created for each athlete in the same condition that are going to be used in training to obtain a more precise estimation of the submaximal relative loads.
Retrograde Labeling Illuminates Distinct Topographical Organization of D1 and D2 Receptor-Positive Pyramidal Neurons in the Prefrontal Cortex of Mice
Authors: Green Sara M. , Nathani Sanya , Zimmerman Joseph , Fireman David , Urs Nikhil M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe cortex plays an important role in regulating motivation and cognition, and does so by regulating multiple subcortical brain circuits. Glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are topographically organized in different subregions such as the prelimbic, infralimbic (IL), and orbitofrontal and project to topographically-organized subcortical target regions. Dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are expressed on glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in the PFC. However, it is unclear whether D1 and D2 receptor-expressing pyramidal neurons in the PFC are also topographically organized. We used a retrograde adeno-associated virus (AAVRG)-based approach to illuminate the topographical organization of D1 and D2 receptor-expressing neurons, projecting to distinct striatal and midbrain subregions. Our experiments reveal that AAVRG injection in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) or dorsal striatum (dSTR) of D1Cre mice labeled distinct neuronal subpopulations in medial orbitofrontal or prelimbic PFC, respectively. However, AAVRG injection in NAcc or dSTR of D2Cre mice labeled medial orbitofrontal, but not medial prelimbic PFC, respectively. Additionally, D2R+ but not D1R+ PFC neurons were labeled on injection of AAVRG in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Thus, our data are the first to highlight a unique dopamine receptor-specific topographical pattern in the PFC, which could have profound implications for corticostriatal signaling in the basal ganglia.
Activity Dependent Inhibition of AMPA Receptors by Zn2+
Authors: Carrillo Elisa , Bhatia Nidhi K. , Akimzhanov Askar M. , Jayaraman Vasanthi 
Published: October 2020

Zn2+has been shown to have a wide range of modulatory effects on neuronal AMPARs. However, the mechanism of modulation is largely unknown. Here we show that Zn2+inhibits GluA2(Q) homomeric receptors in an activity- and voltage-dependent manner, indicating a pore block mechanism. The rate of inhibition is slow, in the hundreds of milliseconds at millimolar Zn2+concentrations; hence, the inhibition is only observed in the residual nondesensitizing currents. Consequently, the inhibition is higher for GluA2 receptors in complex with auxiliary subunits γ2 and γ8 where the residual activation is larger. The extent of inhibition is also dependent on charge at site 607, the site that undergoes RNA editing in GluA2 subunits replacing glutamine to arginine, with the percent inhibition being lower and IC50being higher for the edited GluA2(R) relative to unedited GluA2(Q) and to GluA2(Q607E), a mutation observed in the genetic screen of a patient exhibiting developmental delays. We also show that Zn2+inhibition is significant during rapid repetitive activity with pulses of millimolar concentrations of glutamate in both receptors expressed in HEK cells as well as in native receptors in cortical neurons of C57BL/6J mice of either sex, indicating a physiological relevance of this inhibition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTZn2+is present along with glutamate in synaptic vesicles and coreleased during synaptic transmission, modulating the postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors. While Zn2+inhibition of the NMDA subtype of the ionotropic glutamate receptors is well characterized, the mechanism of modulation of the AMPA subtype is much less known. Here we have systematically studied Zn2+inhibition of AMPARs by varying calcium permeability, auxiliary subunits, and activation levels and show that Zn2+inhibits AMPARs in an activity-dependent manner, opening up this pathway as a means to pharmacologically modulate the receptors.
Different Ethical Perspectives Justifying Reasonings Behind a Person’s Actions: A Case Study on a Private Institution in Malaysia
Authors: Kamarudin Diyana , Zakaria Haziman , Azit Azizan 
Published: October 2020

Private institutions in Malaysia are bound to the Private Higher Institution Act 1996 which normally relies on corporate investments to sustain their operations. Data from the Department of statistic Malaysia indicates that there is a significant increment of gross output value in the education sector in Malaysia from RM 17.6 billion in 2017 compared to RM 15.2 billion in 2015 which reflects the business competencies in private institutions (Ministry of Education Malaysia, 2015). This research is a case study conducted at one of the private colleges in Kuantan, Pahang. The aim of this research is to analyze the ethical issues concerning business ethics using a semi-structured interview method with college staff and students. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Each case was analyzed individually, discussed and linked to the business ethics concept and ethical principle. This research aims to create awareness on the good moral value and business ethics that can be practised in the private education sector in Malaysia.