bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as a Biomarker of Obese Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indian Subjects: A Case-control Study
Authors: Roy Dipayan , Purohit Purvi , Modi Anupama , Khokhar Manoj , Shukla Ravindra Kumar Gayaprasad , Chaudhary Ramkaran , Sankanagoudar Shrimanjunath , Sharma Praveen 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an ever-growing epidemic in India, and poses significant
morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden.

Introduction:
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is a stress-responsive cytokine, increased in T2DM patients
compared to control subjects without the disease. We aimed to assess whether serum GDF15 and adipose tissue GDF15
expression can differentiate between obese pre-diabetes and T2DM and control populations.

Methodology:
We recruited 156 individuals including 73 type 2 diabetes, 30 pre-diabetes, and 53 healthy controls.
Clinical history, anthropometric measurements and biochemical profiling were done. Insulin resistance indices were
calculated following HOMA models. Serum GDF15 was measured by sandwich ELISA. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT)
expression of GDF15 was observed in 17 T2DM patients and 29 controls using SYBR Green chemistry in RT-PCR using
GAPDH as housekeeping gene. The data were analyzed on R programming platform using RStudio.

Results:
Serum GDF15 was significantly higher (p<0.001) in T2DM subjects (median 1445.47 pg/mL) compared to prediabetes (627.85 pg/mL) and healthy controls (609.01 pg/mL). Using the ΔΔCt method, the VAT GDF15 expression was
1.54 fold and 1.57 fold upregulated in T2DM (n=17) compared to control subjects (n=29), and obese (n=12) compared to
non-obese (n=34)subjects, respectively. The optimal cut-off point following the Youden’s index method was found to be
868.09 pg/mL. ROC curve analysis revealed that serum GDF15 had a sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve
(AUC) of 90.41%, 79.52%, and 0.892 respectively. GDF15 levels were significantly associated with age, BMI, HbA1c,
fasting blood sugar, and insulin resistance indices.

Conclusion:
Hence, serum GDF15 is a biomarker for T2DM patients in our study population from Western India.
However, larger prospective cohorts are necessary to validate this claim.
99mTechnetium- or Cy7-Labeled Fab(Tocilizumab) as Potential Multiple Myeloma Imaging Agents
Authors: Camacho Ximena , Perroni Carolina , Machado Camila L. , de Godoi Carneiro Camila , de Souza Junqueira Mara , Faria Daniele , García María F. , Fernández Marcelo , Oddone Natalia , Benech Juan , Buchpiguel Carlos A. , Cerecetto Hugo , Chammas Roger , Riva Eloisa , Cabral Pablo , Gambini Juan P. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematologic disorder and the second most
common blood cancer. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been identified as a crucial factor for the proliferation and
survival of MM cells and the overexpression of IL-6 receptor is being studied as a molecular target for
therapeutic and diagnostic use in myelomas and other comorbidities. Tocilizumab is a humanized monoclonal
antibody that binds IL-6R.

Objective:
We aim to label and evaluate Fab(Tocilizumab) with 99mTechnetium or Cy7 as potential MM imaging
agents.

Methods:
IL-6R distribution was analyzed by Laser Confocal Microscopy (LCM) in MM cell lines.
Fab(Tocilizumab) was produced by the digestion of Tocilizumab with papain for 24h at 37°C, derivatized with
NHS-HYNIC-Tfa and radiolabeled with 99mTc. Radiochemical stability and in vitro cell assays were evaluated.
Biodistribution and SPECT/CT were performed. Also, Fab(Tocilizumab) was labeled with Cy7 for in vivo
fluorescence imaging up to 72h.

Results:
LCM analysis demonstrates IL-6R distribution on MM cell lines. Incubation with papain resulted in
complete digestion of Tocilizumab and exhibited a good purity and homogeneity. Radiolabeling with 99mTc via
NHS-HYNIC-Tfa was found to be fast, easy, reproducible and stable, revealing high radiochemical purity and
without interfering with IL-6R recognition. Biodistribution and SPECT/CT studies showed a quick blood
clearance and significant kidney and MM engrafted tumor uptake. Cy7-Fab(Tocilizumab) fluorescent imaging
allowed MM1S tumor identification up to 72h p.i.

Conclusion:
These new molecular imaging agents could potentially be used in the clinical setting for staging and
follow-up of MM through radioactive whole-body IL-6R expression visualization in vivo. The fluorescent
version could be used for tissue sample evaluation and to guide surgical excision, if necessary.
Research Trend of Persian Medicine Based on the PubMed Database,
2015 -2019
Authors: Shojaii Asie , Bahmani Mahmoud , Alvar Hori Ghanei , Abbasi Naser , Kakaee Saeed , Ghods Peymaneh , Ghods Roshanak 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Persian medicine (PM) is one of the oldest branches of medicine in the world. The purpose of this
research was to analyze published articles about PM in the PubMed indexed journals.

Method:
Articles indexing in the PubMed database (2015-2019) searched for keywords "Iranian traditional medicine",
"Iranian medicine", "Persian traditional medicine" and "Persian medicine". The finding data evaluated for subject relevance
and categorized based on the journal metrics. Finally, all data were analyzed and reported.

Results:
From the 3,000 records, 359 PM related articles were extracted. The most abundant number of published articles
was in the year 2016, followed by a downward trend. The mean citation per article was 6.6. The largest portion of published
articles belonged to the Iranian journal of medical sciences. Among the top ten journals, the highest impact factor was 3.414
for the Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Most of the journals were in the Q1 category according to Cite score Quartile. The
highest impact factor (IF) was 7.995 for the JAMA Dermatology Journal and the average IF of all Journals was 1.39. The
highest Citescore among all journals was 5.27 and the highest journal h-Index was 170 for the Journal of Ethnopharmacology.

Conclusion:
The total number of published PM articles over the past five years, despite a downtrend in 2016, has increased
compared to previous years.
Measurement of Human Walking Movements by Using a Mobile Health App: Motion Sensor Data Analysis
Authors: Lee Sungchul , Walker Ryan M , Kim Yoohwan , Lee Hyunhwa 
Published: January 2021

Background
This study presents a new approach to measure and analyze the walking balance of humans by collecting motion sensor data in a smartphone.

Objective
We aimed to develop a mobile health (mHealth) app that can measure the walking movements of human individuals and analyze the differences in the walking movements of different individuals based on their health conditions. A smartphone’s motion sensors were used to measure the walking movements and analyze the rotation matrix data by calculating the variation of each xyz rotation, which shows the variables in walking-related movement data over time.

Methods
Data were collected from 3 participants, that is, 2 healthy individuals (1 female and 1 male) and 1 male with back pain. The participant with back pain injured his back during strenuous exercise but he did not have any issues in walking. The participants wore the smartphone in the middle of their waistline (as the center of gravity) while walking. They were instructed to walk straight at their own pace in an indoor hallway of a building. The walked a distance of approximately 400 feet. They walked for 2-3 minutes in a straight line and then returned to the starting location. A rotation vector in the smartphone, calculated by the rotation matrix, was used to measure the pitch, roll, and yaw angles of the human body while walking. Each xyz-rotation vector datum was recalculated to find the variation in each participant’s walking movement.

Results
The male participant with back pain showed a diminished level of walking balance with a wider range of xyz-axis variations in the rotations compared to those of the healthy participants. The standard deviation in the xyz-axis of the male participant with back pain was larger than that of the healthy male participant. Moreover, the participant with back pain had the widest combined range of right-to-left and forward-to-backward motions. The healthy male participant showed smaller standard deviation while walking than the male participant with back pain and the female healthy participant, indicating that the healthy male participant had a well-balanced walking movement. The walking movement of the female healthy participant showed symmetry in the left-to-right (x-axis) and up-to-down (y-axis) motions in the x-y variations of rotation vectors, indicating that she had lesser bias in gait than the others.

Conclusions
This study shows that our mHealth app based on smartphone sensors and rotation vectors can measure the variations in the walking movements of different individuals. Further studies are needed to measure and compare walking movements by age, gender, as well as types of health problems or disease. This app can help in finding differences in gait in people with diseases that affect gait.
Pengaruh Medication Therapy Management (MTM) terhadap Outcome Klinik dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Pratama Tiara Dewi Salindri , Yasin Nanang Munif , Kristina Susi Ari 
Published: January 2021

Medication therapy management (MTM), is a service model aimed at helping general health problems by preventing morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is a non-communicable disease which is a serious health problem which requires long-term therapy. This study aims to see the effect of MTM on clinical Outcomes and quality of life of patients in hypertensive patients. This type of research is a quasi experimental one group with a pretest-posttest design. Analysis using paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon test with a significance used P <0,05. Respondents were 70 people, 67,1% were women. The characteristics of the majority age are 55-64 years with a percentage of 51,4%, the majority of education level is high school with 42,8%, non-civil servant jobs with a percentage of 45,7%, the length of diagnosis is dominated by 1-10 years (77,1%) and comorbidities diabetes mellitus occurred the most (10,0%). The results showed that the quality of life increased from before getting MTM 54,4 ± 8,9 and after MTM intervention 60,4 ± 6,6 (P value <0,001). Clinical outcome from systolic 159,2 ± 8,9 mmHg and diastolic 103,8 ± 8,0 mmHg before MTM to 144,1 ± 14,4 mmHg for systolic and 89,7 ± 8,8 mmHg for diastolic with p value <0,001 (p <0,05) for systolic blood pressure and p value: 0,016 (p <0,05) after receiving MTM intervention. Medication Therapy Management (MTM) has a significant influence on improving the quality of life and clinical Outcomes of hypertensive patients. The higher the quality of life of patients, blood pressure becomes more controlled.
Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Hidrotermal dan Aktivator Kalium Hidroksida (KOH) terhadap Kemampuan Hydrochar sebagai Adsorben pada Proses Adsorpsi Limbah Cair Metilen Biru
Authors: Askaputra Aziz , Yuliansyah Ahmad Tawfiequrahman 
Published: January 2021

Oil palm shell is one of biomass-wastes which is abundantly found in palm oil industries. Its economical value can be enhanced by converting it into hydrochar using a hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC). In this study, preparation of oil palm shell hydrochar was performed and the material was used as adsorbent to remove methylene blue from waste water. Effects of HTC temperature, KOH activator concentration, and adsorption time were studied. Functional groups of hydrochar were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the uptake capacity of hydrochar to adsorp methylene blue was measured by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that dehydration and decarboxylation reactions took place more progressively at the higher temperature of HTC. It was also found that activation process resulted higher removal efficiency of methylene blue. The highest adsorption capacity (16.58 mg/g, with removal efficiency 99.51%) was obtained by hydrochar prepared by HTC 270°C, KOH 1.5 N, and carried out for 80 minutes.Keywords: activator; adsorption; hydrothermal carbonization; methylene blue; oil palm shellA B S T R A KTempurung kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu limbah biomassa yang jumlahnya cukup melimpah di industri minyak kelapa sawit. Nilai ekonomi tempurung kelapa sawit dapat ditingkatkan, salah satunya melalui hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC). Dalam penelitian ini, hydrochar dari tempurung kelapa sawit dibuat dan digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk menjerap metilen biru dari limbah cair. Dalam hal ini, akan dipelajari pengaruh suhu HTC, konsentrasi aktivator KOH, dan durasi adsorpsi. Gugus fungsional hydrochar dianalisis dengan FT-IR spectroscopy, sementara itu kapasitas adsorpsi terhadap metilen biru diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa reaksi dehidrasi dan dekarboksilasi pada kondisi hidrotermal terjadi lebih cepat pada suhu HTC yang lebih tinggi. Selain itu, proses aktivasi dengan KOH terbukti dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penyisihan metilen biru. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 16,58 mg/g (dengan efisiensi penyisihan 99,51%) dihasilkan dari adsorpsi dengan menggunakan hydrochar yang diperoleh dari HTC suhu 270 °C, diaktivasi dengan KOH 1,5 N dan durasi adsorpsi selama 80 menit.Kata kunci: adsorpsi; aktivator; karbonisasi hidrotermal; metilen biru; tempurung kelapa sawit
The time that money requires: Use of the future and critique of the present in financial valuation
Authors: Muniesa Fabian , Doganova Liliana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe future is persistently considered in the sociology of finance from two divergent, problematic angles. The first approach consists in supplementing financial reasoning with an acknowledgement of the expectations that are needed in order to cope with an uncertain future and justify the viability of investment decisions. The second approach, often labelled critical, sees on the contrary in the logic of finance a negation of the future and an exacerbation of the valuation of the present. This is an impasse the response to which resides, we suggest, in considering the language of future value, which is indeed inherent to a financial view on things, as a political technology. We develop this argument through an examination of significant episodes in the history of financial reasoning on future value. We explore a main philosophical implication which consists in suggesting that the medium of temporality, understood in the dominant sense of a temporal progression inside which projects and expectations unfold, is not a condition for but rather a consequence of the idea of financial valuation.
Multicenter, Head-to-Head, Real-World Validation Study of Seven Automated Artificial Intelligence Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Systems
Authors: Lee Aaron Y. , Yanagihara Ryan T. , Lee Cecilia S. , Blazes Marian , Jung Hoon C. , Chee Yewlin E. , Gencarella Michael D. , Gee Harry , Maa April Y. , Cockerham Glenn C. , Lynch Mary , Boyko Edward J. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVEWith rising global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), automated DR screening is needed for primary care settings. Two automated artificial intelligence (AI)–based DR screening algorithms have U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Several others are under consideration while in clinical use in other countries, but their real-world performance has not been evaluated systematically. We compared the performance of seven automated AI-based DR screening algorithms (including one FDA-approved algorithm) against human graders when analyzing real-world retinal imaging data.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a multicenter, noninterventional device validation study evaluating a total of 311,604 retinal images from 23,724 veterans who presented for teleretinal DR screening at the Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System (HCS) or Atlanta VA HCS from 2006 to 2018. Five companies provided seven algorithms, including one with FDA approval, that independently analyzed all scans, regardless of image quality. The sensitivity/specificity of each algorithm when classifying images as referable DR or not were compared with original VA teleretinal grades and a regraded arbitrated data set. Value per encounter was estimated.RESULTSAlthough high negative predictive values (82.72–93.69%) were observed, sensitivities varied widely (50.98–85.90%). Most algorithms performed no better than humans against the arbitrated data set, but two achieved higher sensitivities, and one yielded comparable sensitivity (80.47%, P = 0.441) and specificity (81.28%, P = 0.195). Notably, one had lower sensitivity (74.42%) for proliferative DR (P = 9.77 × 10−4) than the VA teleretinal graders. Value per encounter varied at $15.14–$18.06 for ophthalmologists and $7.74–$9.24 for optometrists.CONCLUSIONSThe DR screening algorithms showed significant performance differences. These results argue for rigorous testing of all such algorithms on real-world data before clinical implementation.
The Relationship Need For Reading With Motivated Reading Citizens Package C at Pkbm Widya Dharma Nagari Solok Selatan
Authors: Nabila Ivany , Sunarti Vevi 
Published: January 2021

The background of this research is that the lack of interest in reading the citizens of learning package C at PKBM Widya Dharma Nagari Solok Selatan, researchers suspect the cause of this lack of interest in reading is a lack of need for reading. This study aims to describe the reading needs of learning citizens, to find out a description of the reading interests of learning citizens and how the relationship between the two. The type of this research is a quantitative study with a correlational approach. The population of this study was all citizens who studied package C who were active in PKBM Widya Dharma Nagari Solok Selatan during the 2019 school year, totaling 30 people. The sample in this study was taken as much as 65% with a total of 20 people. The data collection technique is in the form of a questionnaire with the data collection tool in the form of a questionnaire. The data analysis technique in this study used a percentage formula and Rank order. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the reading needs of learning citizens are still low, (2) the reading interest of learning citizens is still low, and (3) there is a significant relationship between reading needs and reading interest in learning package C in PKBM Widya Dharma Nagari Solok Selatan.Keywords: need for reading, interest in reading, learning citizen
The Relationship Between Learning Approaches and Learning Motivation For Program Paket C at Suka Maju Sejahtera Community Learning Center (PKBM) in Padang City
Authors: Budiman Wahyu , Irmawita Irmawita 
Published: January 2021

This research was motivated by the low learning motivation of the citizens of learning package C at PKBM Suka Maju Sejahtera, Padang City. The low learning motivation of the learning citizens is thought to be due to the lack of this approach, presumably due to the lack of approach given by the tutor to the learning community at the time of learning. The purpose of this research is to describe the learning approach of the Program Paket C in PKBM Suka Maju Sejahtera, to describe the learning motivation of the learning citizens of the Program Paket C at PKBM Suka Maju Sejahtera, and to examine the relationship between the two. This research uses quantitative research with correlational descriptive method. The population in this study amounted to 89 citizens who participated in the Program Paket C for IPA and Social Studies classes at PKBM Suka Maju Sejahtera, Padang City with a sample of 45 people. The data collection technique used in this study was a questionnaire, with data analysis using the percentage formula and the product moment. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The learning approach applied by the tutor in the Program Paket C at PKMB Suka Maju Sejahtera Padang City is still not right; (2) The learning motivation of the citizens to learn in the Program Paket C in PKMB Suka Maju Sejahtera, Padang City is still low; (3) there is a relationship between the learning approach and the learning motivation of learning citizens in the Program Paket C at PKMB Suka Maju Sejahtera, Padang City.Keywords: learning approach, learning motivation
RIWAYAT-RIWAYAT ISRAILIYYAT DALAM TAFSĪR AL QUR’AN; ASAL-USUL DAN HUKUMNYA
Authors: Akhmad Muhammad Yasin , M. Ag Dr Suhandi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis research discusses the history of isra'iliyyat in the tafsir book and what is the law of narrating isra'iliyyat. While in the isra'iliyyat narration there is difference whether it is permissible or not and how the isra'iliyyat narration is contained in the tafsir books. The method used in this research is qualitative literature study (Library Research). The results show that the history of Isra'iliyyat is in accordance with Islamic syari'at, then the truth of Israiliyyat can be recognized and allowed to narrate it. Otherwise if it is contrary to Islamic law, it considered unthrue and may not be narrated, but this is allowed if the position has been explained in the interpretation. On the other hand, if there is no information in the Islamic Sharia regarding the content of israiliyyat, then the step that must be chosen is tawaquf, which is not punishing whether it is true or not. AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas tentang riwayat isra’iliyyat dalam kitab tafsir serta bagaimana hukum meriwayatkan isra’iliyyat. Dimana dalam periwayatan isra’iliyyat terdapat perbedaan apakah boleh atau tidak serta bagaimana periwayatan isra’iliyyat yang terdapat dalam kitab-kitab tafsir. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif studi pustaka (Library Researh). Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa riwayat Isra’iliyyat tersebut sesuai dengan syari’at Islam, maka dapat diakui kebenarannya dan diizinkan untuk meriwayatkannya, sedangkan jika bertentangan dengan syari’at Islam maka didustakan dan tidak boleh diriwayatkan, namun diperbolehkan jika dijelaskan kedudukannya. Adapun jika belum ada keterangan sesuai atau tidaknya dengan Syari’at Islam maka tawaquf di dalamnya, yaitu tidak menghukumi benar atau tidaknya.Kata Kunci: Riwayat Israiliyyat, Tafsir al-Qur’an, Asal usul dan Hukumnya.
Developing English Syllabus for Pharmacy Students
Authors: Suwandi Edi , Wafa Khoirul 
Published: January 2021

Starting with the Hutchinson and Walter (1994:18) that said if ESP is an approach to language learning based on the students’ need. Moreover, knowing the reason for the students learn English is the fundamental reason. As the writer’s experience to teach English in Pharmacy Unugiri Bojonegoro that there was no developed syllabus based on the students’ need but only based on the lecturer’ experience and knowledge. This research was at knowing the students’ need and developing it to English in pharmacy syllabus. The procedures are to break down , to depict the purpose for the syllabus, to choose the syllabus type, to compose the syllabus content, to validate the created syllabus with the expert , to assess and redesign the syllabus. The subject of this study were fifty students of the second semester of the pharmacy program at Unugiri Bojonegoro that consist of 44 female and 6 male students and an English lecturer. Besides that some questioners were given to the students. The result of this study shows that if the students need the topics that related their future career and real life in their environment. The last result for this research is English in Pharmacy syllabus for bachelor students of Pharmacy program at Unugiri Bojonegoro.