bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Out‐of‐Plane Optical Coupling between Vertical and Planar Microrings in a 3D Configuration
Authors: Valligatla Sreeramulu , Wang Jiawei , Madani Abbas , Naz Ehsan Saei Ghareh , Hao Qi , Saggau Christian Niclaas , Yin Yin , Ma Libo , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract3D photonic integrated circuits are expected to play a key role in future optoelectronics with efficient signal transfer between photonic layers. Here, the optical coupling of tubular microcavities, supporting resonances in a vertical plane, with planar microrings, accommodating in‐plane resonances, is explored. In such a 3D coupled composite system with largely mismatched cavity sizes, periodic mode splitting and resonant mode shifts are observed due to mode‐selective interactions. The axial direction of the microtube cavity provides additional design freedom for selective mode coupling, which is achieved by carefully adjusting the axial displacement between the microtube and the microring. The spectral anticrossing behavior is caused by strong coupling in this composite optical system and is excellently reproduced by numerical modeling. Interfacing tubular microcavities with planar microrings is a promising approach toward interlayer light transfer with added optical functionality in 3D photonic systems.
Self‐Erasable and Rewritable Optoexcitonic Platform for Antitamper Hardware
Authors: Cheng Che‐Hsuan , Yang Da Seul , Kim Jinsang , Deotare Parag B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work nanoscale strain engineering is utilized to create a self‐erasable and rewritable platform for antitamper hardware. The reversible structural change between trans and cis isomers in azobenzene (A3) molecules is utilized to strain the overlying tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayer, thereby affecting its optical bandgap. Using such hybrid material combination, large (>1%) local effective strain is generated that results in dramatic shift (>11 nm) in photoluminescence wavelength. The strain can be rapidly relaxed under exposure to visible light or can be retained up to seven days under dark condition. Thus, by utilizing hyperspectral imaging, a self‐erasable and rewritable optoexcitonic platform is demonstrated that responds to environmental changes (light/temperature) to detect tampering of hardware system. In addition, the results open avenues for varied applications in information storage, time sensitive self‐destructive memories to light detection.
Helicity‐Preserving Metasurfaces for Magneto‐Optical Enhancement in Ferromagnetic [Pt/Co]N Films
Authors: Abendroth John M. , Solomon Michelle L. , Barton David R. , El Hadri Mohammed S. , Fullerton Eric E. , Dionne Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAll‐optical control and detection of magnetic states for high‐density recording necessitate nanophotonic approaches to amplify local light intensity below the diffraction limit. Sculpting the near‐field phase and polarization can additionally strengthen magneto‐optical effects that rely on circularly polarized pulses, such as all‐optical helicity‐dependent switching, imaging, and spin‐wave excitation. Here, high‐refractive‐index dielectric nanoantennas illuminated with circularly polarized light resonantly enhance local electric field rotation by more than sixfold within [Pt/Co]N thin films. Sub‐wavelength arrays of amorphous Si nanodisks, or metasurfaces, patterned on perpendicularly magnetized films support Mie‐type resonances that modulate reflection and transmission dissymmetry by >±2% in experiments. Spatial and spectral interference between dipolar modes, proximity effects, and gain are evaluated by varying disk aspect ratio, metasurface–metal separation, and magnetic film thickness, respectively. Simulated enhancements in magnetic circular birefringence and differential absorption are correlated with amplified local field rotation at electric dipolar modes. Greater achievable amplifications are shown via simulations with single‐crystalline Si metasurfaces exhibiting lower losses, including a 12‐fold strengthened electric field rotation within ferromagnetic layers. The metasurface design rules established here could enable nanoscale localization of all‐optical magnetic switching with lowered laser fluence thresholds, as well as enhanced magneto‐optical responses for light‐assisted reading in spintronic devices.
Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2‐hydroxyethyl Dithiocarbamates via Regioselective Addition of Tetraalkylthiuram Disulfides to Styrenes under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Hao Shuai , Ye Xiefeng , Zhao Mingqin , Hu Jingyan , Wang Na , Li Jing , Wang Fangling , Zhang Mingyue , Wu Zhiyong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper describes a method for the synthesis of 2‐aryl‐2‐hydroxyethyl dithiocarbamates via difunctionalization of alkenes involving C−S and C−O bonds formation with tetraalkylthiuram disulfides as the functional reagents. The reaction proceeded well under transition‐metal‐free conditions and afforded up to 88% yield of the desired products. Numerous useful functional groups were tolerated under the reaction conditions. This methodology provides a direct approach to β‐hydroxy dithiocarbamates, featuring readily available starting materials and broad substrate scope, which shows its practical synthetic value in organic synthesis.magnified image
Coronavirus Impacts on Midwestern Row‐Crop Agriculture
Authors: Schnitkey Gary D. , Paulson Nicholas D. , Irwin Scott H. , Coppess Jonathan , Sherrick Bruce J. , Swanson Krista J. , Zulauf Carl R. , Hubbs Todd 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImpacts from the coronavirus pandemic have depressed market returns to corn and soybean farmers in the Midwest, extending pressures that have existed since 2013 and worsened by trade disputes with China. Without large ad hoc federal aid, income on Midwestern grain farms would have been quite low and the ongoing cash flow crunch much worse. Farmland prices have not adjusted downward, in part due to continuing ad hoc federal aid, but also because interest rates have been historically very low. The financial (solvency) position of Midwestern grain farms is surprisingly strong because of the strength in land values. However, the financial condition of Midwestern row‐crop agriculture could deteriorate markedly if recent and large infusions of ad hoc federal aid dissipates or if interest rates rise sharply.
Genome‐wide association study of resistance to Mal de Río Cuarto disease in maize
Authors: Rossi Ezequiel A. , Ruiz Marcos , Bonamico Natalia C. , Balzarini Mónica G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArgentine maize has been extensively screened for incidence (INC) and severity (SEV) of Mal de Río Cuarto disease (MRC), caused by Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV), family Reoviridae, genus Fijivirus, narrowing the breeding genetic basis. Both traits are highly heritable phenotypic measurements, and quantify the strong disease impact on grain yield. The adaptation of exotic germplasm to variation of those traits has not been explored. The aim of this work was to identify, in a non‐local and diverse panel of maize inbred lines, novel genomic regions associated with resistance to MRC. First, we phenotyped 206 maize inbred lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), in several environments of the MRC‐endemic area under natural virus infection, to obtain the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) of line effects regarding INC and SEV. A multi‐environment and multi‐trait mixed linear model was fitted to derive the multivariate BLUPs. Genetic variance and mean‐basis heritability were high in both traits and a significant genetic correlation among them was found. Second, we performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) by linking the BLUPs with 78,376 SNP markers available for 186 lines. The GWAS identified new alleles for resistance to MRC in six genomic regions from the exotic germoplasm. Four of them reduce symultaneously the appearance and severity of disease symptoms. Improved susceptible parental lines through marker‐assisted recurrent selection would allow us to increase the resistance of maize hybrids to MRC disease.
Microstructure evidence of rice lodging resistance based on quantitative X‐ray microtomography
Authors: Liu Zhixuan , Xiao Tiqiao , Peng Guanyun , Li Juan , Zheng Zhongyi , Zhou Qingming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEven though lodging seriously affects the growth and development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) little is known about the stem and root microstructural characteristics of lodging resistant and non‐lodging resistant rice. In this study, one lodging resistant rice variety lingliangyou238 (R1), and two non‐lodging resistant rice varieties, luliangyou996 (S1) and zhuliangyou819 (S2), were used to conduct synchrotron‐based X‐ray micro‐computed tomography. We found that the lodging resistant rice variety R1 had a third internode (N3) length that was reduced by 37.4% compared to S1. Meanwhile, the area of stem cross section, area of the medullary cavity, and the number of large and small vascular bundles in the N3 of R1 increased by 73.56, 73.10, 18.55, and 17.74%, respectively, compared to S2. In the 3D structure, there are many pore structures in the inner wall of the rice stalk. Quantitative analysis showed that the ratio of length/width of the pores of R1 was lower than S1 and S2. In the fourth internode, the volume and surface area of the large vascular bundle vessel of R1 was greater than S1 and S2. In the root system, we found that R1 had more cortical cells, and its length/width value was lower than S1 and S2. Our findings implied that besides the 2D level, more 3D information is needed to reveal the relationship between lodging and the spatial structure of the crop.
Massive parallel sequencing of dried umbilical cord remnants
Authors: Sennaiyan Usha Nandhini , Phani Nagaraj M , Deepak Vuppu , Appaswamy Giridharan , Krishna Mani Ram 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGenetic diagnosis depends on having available tissue to test. This can be important for many reasons, such as related to familial diagnosis in the case of another pregnancy. When blood or DNA samples from affected family members are not available, accurate prenatal diagnosis may be much more difficult and hence additional effort may be needed to obtain a genetic diagnosis in such families. We report two families with suspected monogenic disorders where attempts were made to establish the genetic etiology in deceased offspring using dried umbilical cord remnants which had been preserved by the family.
Prenatal delineation of a distinct lethal fetal syndrome caused by a homozygous truncating KIDINS220 variant
Authors: El‐Dessouky Sara H. , Issa Mahmoud Y. , Aboulghar Mona M. , Gaafar Hassan M. , Elarab Ahmed Ezz , Ateya Mohamed I. , Omar Heba H. , Beetz Christian , Zaki Maha Saad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKinase D‐interacting substrate of 220 kDa (KIDINS220) is a transmembrane protein playing integral role in growth mediating pathways in the nervous and cardiovascular systems. KIDINS220 heterozygous truncating variants that affect the protein's C‐terminus have been associated with a phenotype, so far described only in few unrelated children, including spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, nystagmus, and obesity. More recently, a homozygous, more N‐terminal truncating variant in KIDINS220 gene was suggested to be associated with enlarged cerebral ventricles and limb contractures in three fetuses from a consanguineous family. We confirm the latter finding by presenting the first detailed prenatal identification of a fetal phenotype associated with novel homozygous deleterious frameshift variant in KIDINS220 gene in a consanguineous healthy Egyptian couple. History of unexplained seven miscarriages and a similar stillbirth were recorded. Prenatal ultrasonography revealed limb contractions and ventriculomegaly; in addition to previously unreported cerebellar anomalies, cardiac anomalies and hydrops fetalis. These findings represent an expansion of clinical and molecular spectrum associated with KIDINS220 variants and broaden our understanding of genotype–phenotype relationships in lethal congenital contractures syndromes and associated severe abnormal embryological development. More generally, our study adds KIDINS220 to the rare group of genes which may cause disease by either of two distinct mutational mechanisms.
Form in the context of function: Fundamentals of an energy effective striding walk, the role of the plantigrade foot and its expected size
Authors: Croft James L. , Bertram John E. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhat morphological and functional factors allow for the unique and characteristic upright striding walk of the hominin lineage? Predictive models of locomotion that arise from considering mechanisms of energy loss indicate that collision‐like losses at the transition between stance limbs are important determinants of bipedal gait. Theoretical predictions argue that these collisional losses can be reduced by having “functional extra legs” which are physically the heel and the toe part of a single anatomical foot. The ideal spacing for these “functional legs” are up to a quarter of a stride length, depending on the model employed. We evaluate the foot in the context of the dynamics of a bipedal system and compare predictions of optimal foot size against empirical data from modern humans, the Laetoli footprint trackways, and chimpanzees walking bipedally. The dynamics‐based modeling approach provides substantial insight into how, and why, walking works as it does, even though current models are too simple to make predictions at a level adequate to anticipate specific morphology except at the most general level.
Properties and mechanism of a novel metallic‐hollow‐spheres/polyurethane acoustic composite
Authors: Yu Tianmiao , Jiang Fengchun , Cui Xu , Cao Mengxin , Guo Chunhuan , Wang Zhenqiang , Chang Yunpeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, 316L stainless steel hollow spheres (316L HS) and polyurethane (PU) resins were used to prepare a novel metallic‐hollow‐sphere/polyurethane (MHSP) acoustic composite by casting. The acoustic experimental results of this composite revealed that compared to monolithic PU, the sound transmission loss of the composites increased and the maximum sound absorption peak shifted to lower frequency with the change of acoustic impedance and resonance frequency. When the surface of metallic hollow sphere used in MHSP composite was modified by silane coupling agent, the sound insulation and sound absorption performance of MHSP composites were further improved. This is related to the addition of the molecular layer of coupling agent between MHSP matrix. In addition, the addition of silane coupling agent creates PU foaming in matrix, resulting in a large number of pores and gaps that can increase the sound waves energy loss through air friction and heat exchange.
Evaluation of hydrophilic cellulose nanofiber dispersions in a hydrophobic isotactic polypropylene composite
Authors: Morita Akitoshi , Matsuba Go , Fujimoto Megumi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn effective approach for the evaluation of dispersed hydrophilic cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in hydrophobic isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is presented using scattering and microscopic techniques for fiber analysis on nanometer and micrometer scales. iPP composites reinforced with CNF fibrous fillers were characterized by small‐angle light scattering, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and polarized optical microscopy measurements in the molten state in order to evaluate the shape of CNF fillers and/or larger aggregates formed from these fibers. The best dispersion results in the molten state coincided with low concentrations of CNFs. We observed the effect of CNFs on the acceleration of iPP crystal growth using wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and differential scanning calorimeter measurements. It was even possible to observe the nucleation morphology around CNF fibrous fillers using transmission electron microscopy.
Preparation and performance of oleylamine modified silica‐reinforced natural rubber composites
Authors: Mei Junfei , Geng Haoran , Yu Han , Shi Jia , Zhao Yanfang , Yu Rentong , Liao Jianhe , Chen Yongping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOleylamine (OA) modified silica (SiO2‐g‐OA) was prepared using γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy) propytrimethoxysilane (KH560) and OA, silica/natural rubber (NR) and SiO2‐g‐OA/NR composites were prepared by mechanical blending in an internal mixer, and SiO2‐g‐OA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analyzer, and contact angle analyzer. The mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, curing characteristics, Payne effect, and morphology of silica/NR and SiO2‐g‐OA /NR composites were investigated using universal testing machine, Akron abrasion tester, rubber processing analyzer, and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The results showed that SiO2‐g‐OA became more hydrophobic and had better compatibility with NR. Moreover, SiO2‐g‐OA/NR had weaker Payne effect, better vulcanization performance, and more excellent mechanical properties. As the content of filler was more than 30 phr, SiO2‐g‐OA/NR had lower rolling resistance and higher wet skid resistance. Compared with silica modified by other coupling agents, SiO2‐g‐OA had the best reinforcement effect on NR.
Effect ofDAPBOsegment on the structure and performance enhancement of powder foamedBTDA‐ODApolyimide
Authors: Liu Jian‐Ni , Wu Da‐Yong , Liang Wei‐Hua , Cao Jian‐Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAchieving excellent thermal stability, good mechanical strength, and low‐density in one product, is a big challenge in the design and synthesis of polyimide (PI) foams. We selected a rigid diamine monomer, 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐aminobenzoxazole (DAPBO) to partially replace 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) in BTDA‐ODA system, and studied the effect on properties of foamed PI products. With various molar ratio between DABPO and ODA (0:5, 1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1, 5:0), the diamine(s) polymerized with 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and produced six PI precursors (PAE‐0 ~ PAE‐5). After foaming and thermal imidization, corresponding PI foams (PI‐0 ~ PI‐5) prepared. Among them, PI‐3 has a glass transition temperature of 386°C, which is 95°C higher than PI‐0, and its compressive strength reaches 1.32 MPa. Moreover, PI‐3 has a uniform cell structure with an average pore size of ~200 μm. The analysis results show that PI‐3 is in a transition state from amorphous to partial crystalline, maintaining a balance between flexibility and rigidity. The addition of DABPO not only increases the rigidity of polymer molecular segments, but also introduces N and O atoms that can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds between molecules, which increases the packing density and arrangement regularity of polymer molecules.
Long‐term stability in core habitat of an endangered population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Implications for spatial management
Authors: Bennington Steph , Rayment Will , Currey Rohan , Oldridge Lucy , Henderson Shaun , Guerra Marta , Brough Tom , Johnston David , Corne Chloe , Johnson David , Slooten Liz , Dawson Steve 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

A small population of approximately 68 bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, resident in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand, is subject to physiologically challenging conditions, and is exposed to anthropogenic pressure from tourism.
A voluntary Code of Management incorporating dolphin protection zones (DPZs), in which tour boat access is limited, was established in 2008.
Kernel density estimation (KDE) was used to quantify dolphin habitat use over a 13‐year period in order to describe seasonal variation in habitat use and consistency of habitat use over a decadal period, and to provide quantitative estimates of the extent of overlap between DPZs and core areas (50% volume contour) of habitat use.
Habitat use varied seasonally, with the inner fjord area used more frequently in warmer months, and with a shift in use to the outer fjord in colder months. Patterns in habitat use were highly consistent over the 13‐year duration of the study.
The spatial overlap between the area of core dolphin habitat and DPZs was low (<18%) overall, and some DPZs were rarely used during colder periods.
Consistency in habitat use through time vindicates spatial management, but low overlap between core habitat and current DPZs suggests that an expansion of the DPZ areas would confer greater protection.
Cardiovascular and Renal Morbidity in Takayasu Arteritis: A Population‐Based Retrospective Cohort Study From the United Kingdom
Authors: Goel Ruchika , Chandan Joht Singh , Thayakaran Rasiah , Adderley Nicola J. , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Harper Lorraine 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major complication and cause of mortality in Takayasu arteritis (TAK), but population‐based controlled studies from the UK are lacking. We undertook the present study to investigate the frequency of morbidity and mortality related to CVD, as well as to cerebrovascular and kidney disease, among patients with TAK in the UK.MethodsYearly cohort and cross‐sectional studies were performed from 2000 to 2017 to estimate annual incidence and prevalence, respectively, of TAK. Using a UK primary care database (IQVIA Medical Research Data), an open retrospective matched cohort study was conducted to estimate risk of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular morbidity, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and all‐cause mortality in TAK. Risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]) of the assessed comorbidities among patients with TAK compared to age‐ and sex‐matched controls was estimated. Changes in medication prescription over time were examined in both groups.ResultsOne hundred forty‐two patients with TAK (median age 53.4 years [interquartile range 33.8–70.7]) and 1,371 matched controls were included. The annual incidence and prevalence of TAK were 0.8 per million and 7.5 per million respectively. All‐cause mortality was increased in TAK (adjusted HR 1.88 [95% confidence interval 1.29–2.76]). Patients with TAK had an increased risk of developing ischemic heart disease, stroke/transient ischemic attack, combined CVD, and peripheral vascular disease compared to controls, but no increase in risk of hypertension, CKD, heart failure, or diabetes. Only ~50% of patients with TAK requiring secondary CVD prevention were prescribed statins or antiplatelet agents within 1 year after study entry.ConclusionCardiovascular morbidity was increased among patients with TAK receiving primary care services in the UK. Treatment with statins and antiplatelet agents in these patients was suboptimal.