bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of auxin (2,4-D) and cytokinin (BAP) in callus induction of local patchouli plants (Pogostemon cablin Benth.)
Authors: Mayerni R , Satria B , Wardhani DK , Chan SROS 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Patchouli propagates only through vegetative because patchouli has no flowers, so generative propagation is not possible. Traditionally patchouli plants are propagated by using stem cuttings. Alternative methods for vegetative propagation of superior, healthy, and relatively short seedlings can be done through tissue culture techniques, which can reproduce clones with identical genetic in a short time. The success of propagation in vitro is determined by many factors, including growth regulators used. Growth regulators which are often used in tissue culture to initiate callus and increase the production of secondary metabolites (organogenesis) are auxins and cytokinins. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration of 2,4-D and BAP in the formation of patchouli callus in vitro. Research methods arranged in a completely randomized design and ex-plants derived from local patchouli plants namely Situak. The results showed that in many concentrations of 2,4 D and BAP to callus induction. Callus formed from giving concentrations in combination without 2,4 D and 1,0 mg/l BAP, concentrations of 1,0 mg/l 2,4-D and 1,0 mg/l BAP, concentrations of 1,5 mg/l 2,4-D and 1,0 mg/l BAP, and concentrations of 2,0 mg/l 2,4-D and 1,0 mg/l BAP.
Effects of biochar residue and cow manure residue on entisol chemical properties, growth, and production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in second planting season
Authors: Zaitun Z , Yusnizar Y , Yunilasari M , Persada A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Agricultural improvement (AI) in dryland became a priority for agricultural development in Aceh Province, Indonesia. AI is in line with government programs to increase the productivity of several types of second food crops such as peanuts. Up to now, the productivity of food crops, especially peanut on dryland in Aceh Province, based on farmers’ practice, was still very low, i.e 0.95 tons ha-1. Biochar is one of the options for soil management and has the potential to improve soil fertility. The objectives of this research were to study the effect of rice husk biochar residue, cocopeat biochar residue, and cow manure residue on Entisol chemical properties, peanut growth, and production. Rice husk biochar, cocopeat biochar, and cow manure were applied on the first season of peanut growth. The research was conducted using factorial 6 × 3 with three replications, and the treatment units were allocated based on Randomized Block Design. The first factor was rice husk biochar residue and cocopeat biochar residue with 3 doses (0; 2.5; 5 t ha-1) and cow manure residue with 3 doses (0; 2.5; 5 t ha-1) as the second factor. The soil chemical properties and root samples were analyzed on 45 days after planting and peanut production after harvest. The observed variables of crops were (1) plant height, (2) branches number (3) plant dry weight; (4) root dry weight; (5) root nodules number, (6) pods weight, (7) pods total, (8) filled pods, (9) seed weight, and (10) weight of 100 seeds. The observed variables of soil chemical properties were (1) pH, (2) C-organic; (3) Total N; (4) P available; and (5) K exchangeable. The results showed that rice husk biochar residue and cocopeat biochar residue does not affect soil chemical properties significantly, such as plant height 15 and 30 DAP, peanut pods, and seed weight per plant. Nevertheless, both had a positive effect on plant height 45 DAP, branches number 15, 30, 40 DAP, root dry weight, plant dry weight, root nodules number, and 100 seeds weight. The best residual dosage of rice husk biochar and cocopeat biochar was 2.5 t ha-1. Cow manure residue did not give a significant effect on soil chemical properties, plant height 15, 30 and 45 DAP, branches number 30, 45 DAP, root dry weight, plant dry weight, root nodules number, peanut pods, seed weight per plant, and 100 seeds weight, but had a positive effect on the number of branches 15 DAP. The best dosage of cow manure residue was 2.5 t ha-1
Observed performances of the hybrid solar-biomass dryer for fish drying
Authors: Yuwana Y , Silvia E , Sidebang B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This experiment aimed to configure the performances of hybrid dryer operated with solar and biomass energies for fish drying. The dryer consisted of a structure made of light steel frame and covered with UV plastic 12% equipped with drying chamber, a chimney, a heat collector, a furnace, and a heat exchanger. The biomass was coconut shell and the sample of fish was Pepetak Leiognatus spp. Operating with solar energy and without fish inside the dryer increased the temperature and relative humidity of the drying chamber respectively 13.4°C higher and 37.6% lower than those of the ambient air. When the dryer without fish was biomass operated using 3 kg fuel of the first supply and 1.5 kg fuel of subsequent supplies per 20 minutes, it was able to generate the drying chamber temperature and relative humidity about 60°C and nearly 0% in averages. Utilizing 20% fish moisture content as the threshold for dry fish, operating with solar energy, the dryer completed drying process in 20.47 h which was faster that of the sun drying (24.20 hours). The dryer needed to finish drying processes in 14.37 h and 15.43 h when operated by respectively biomass energy and solar energy continued with biomass energy. The rate of fuel supply for fish drying was 0.633 kg coconut shell per kg wet fish.
Oil palm plantation inside forest area?
Authors: Yonariza Y , Yurike Y 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The problem of land-use competition continues despite the availability of cadastral technology such as remote sensing and land use mapping technology including the usage of global or geo-positioning system tool to avoid such competition. This happens mainly in state forest where forestland use permits issued by the government to use the forest for large-scale agriculture i.e., oil palm plantation overlap with other forest use permits. This illegal expansion is known as overshooting or land grabbing. In Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra Province, a private oil palm plantation overshoot 2,000 ha of state forest intended for industrial forest plantation area. This paper raises the following questions; 1) why forest land use permit overlapping, 2) once it identified what solution and negotiation taken by stakeholders; government agencies and private sectors, and 3) what is the land use result. This case study is within a working area of the production Forest Management Unit (KPHP) of Dharmasraya Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra, where industrial plantation area overlaps with oil palm plantation. At the end, the industrial forest plantation area was taken by the oil palm plantation area and make it a legal occupancy. The land use permit overlap happens because of two reasons; first, local government issues oil palm plantation permit while central government issues forest use permit. Second, the oil palm company began their land clearing outside its permitted area and overlap with industrial plantation area. One this discovered; the two companies negotiated and resulted in the sale of forest industrial plantation permits to oil palm Plantation Company; the price is magnificent. But, local people follow forest land grabbing resulting in accelerated deforestation. The study suggests that one map policy is essential, but more importantly, that map and other cadastral technologies must be utilized to monitor land use and to enforce forest protection law.
Variation in shell morphology of the European pond turtle,Emys orbicularis, in fragmented central European populations
Authors: Horváth Enikő , Danko Stanislav , Havaš Peter , Schindler Maria , Šebela Miroslav , Halpern Bálint , Csibrány Balázs , Farkas Balázs , Kaňuch Peter , Uhrin Marcel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) is a widely distributed freshwater species inhabiting much of Europe, but it is often in population decrease or is locally extinct. In this study, we sampled five central European populations, of which four were autochthonous and one was introduced outside the native range. Moreover, two of the native populations were relatively isolated and at the periphery of the species, range. Using the frequency of shell anomalies, a geometric morphometric framework and an analysis of fluctuating asymmetry, we aimed to determine the degree of morphological differentiation among different populations. Significantly, a smaller number of individuals with a malformed shell or scutes occurred in the native core range population, which potentially has a high level of gene flow (Hungary). Although neither canonical variate analysis nor the morphological disparity analysis showed distinct differences between populations, we found significantly higher shell asymmetry in the two marginal populations (Austria and Slovakia) compared with the core range populations. Our results might thus support the central–marginal hypothesis and indicate potential genetically based conservation problems owing to demographic bottlenecks and/or isolation in marginal populations.
For money or identity—or both? Which could promote the retention of social workers in China?
Authors: Wang Enjian , Zheng Ziye , Sui Xudong , Yi Zhiqi , Liu Hongting , Luan Wenjing , Meng Yanan , Shi Bingying , Chen Lei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLow pay and the absence of professional identity (PI) are often blamed as major antecedents related to the turnover of social workers in China, yet no study has provided any consideration of the two antecedents together in predicting the turnover intention (TI) of social workers and comparing them, which acts as a more powerful predictor. Based on a sample of 819 participants and by using structural equation models, the current study indicated whether pay satisfaction (PS) or PI could predict TI; the results show that PS plays a stronger role. The findings identified the mediating role of PI in the relationship between PS and TI, but the moderating role of the type of sector (TS) was not supported. The findings suggest that it is necessary to advocate for adequate pay for social workers all over the world. Additionally, PI should be a top priority in social work education, training, exams and practice. Meanwhile, the government should strengthen the purchase of social work services, and a greater proportion of purchase money should be used to pay social workers. Furthermore, the government could offer subsidies for social workers employed in the private sector, similar to those employed in the public sector.
Predicting Antibiotic Resistance in Hospitalized Patients by Applying Machine Learning to Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Lewin-Epstein Ohad , Baruch Shoham , Hadany Lilach , Stein Gideon Y , Obolski Uri 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Computerized decision support systems are becoming increasingly prevalent with advances in data collection and machine learning (ML) algorithms. However, they are scarcely used for empiric antibiotic therapy. Here, we predict the antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial infections of hospitalized patients using ML algorithms applied to patients’ electronic medical records (EMRs).

Methods
The data included antibiotic resistance results of bacterial cultures from hospitalized patients, alongside their EMRs. Five antibiotics were examined: ceftazidime (n = 2942), gentamicin (n = 4360), imipenem (n = 2235), ofloxacin (n = 3117), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (n = 3544). We applied lasso logistic regression, neural networks, gradient boosted trees, and an ensemble that combined all 3 algorithms, to predict antibiotic resistance. Variable influence was gauged by permutation tests and Shapely Additive Explanations analysis.

Results
The ensemble outperformed the separate models and produced accurate predictions on test set data. When no knowledge regarding the infecting bacterial species was assumed, the ensemble yielded area under the receiver-operating characteristic (auROC) scores of 0.73–0.79 for different antibiotics. Including information regarding the bacterial species improved the auROCs to 0.8–0.88. Variables’ effects on predictions were assessed and found to be consistent with previously identified risk factors for antibiotic resistance.

Conclusions
We demonstrate the potential of ML to predict antibiotic resistance of bacterial infections of hospitalized patients. Moreover, we show that rapidly gained information regarding the infecting bacterial species can improve predictions substantially. Clinicians should consider the implementation of such systems to aid correct empiric therapy and to potentially reduce antibiotic misuse.
Transmission Dynamics of Clostridioides difficile in 2 High-Acuity Hospital Units
Authors: Khader Karim , Munoz-Price L Silvia , Hanson Ryan , Stevens Vanessa , Keegan Lindsay T , Thomas Alun , Pezzin Liliana E , Nattinger Ann , Singh Siddhartha , Samore Matthew H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The key epidemiological drivers of Clostridioides difficile transmission are not well understood. We estimated epidemiological parameters to characterize variation in C. difficile transmission, while accounting for the imperfect nature of surveillance tests.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of C. difficile surveillance tests for patients admitted to a bone marrow transplant (BMT) unit or a solid tumor unit (STU) in a 565-bed tertiary hospital. We constructed a transmission model for estimating key parameters, including admission prevalence, transmission rate, and duration of colonization to understand the potential variation in C. difficile dynamics between these 2 units.

Results
A combined 2425 patients had 5491 admissions into 1 of the 2 units. A total of 3559 surveillance tests were collected from 1394 patients, with 11% of the surveillance tests being positive for C. difficile. We estimate that the transmission rate in the BMT unit was nearly 3-fold higher at 0.29 acquisitions per percentage colonized per 1000 days, compared to our estimate in the STU (0.10). Our model suggests that 20% of individuals admitted into either the STU or BMT unit were colonized with C. difficile at the time of admission. In contrast, the percentage of surveillance tests that were positive within 1 day of admission to either unit for C. difficile was 13.4%, with 15.4% in the STU and 11.6% in the BMT unit.

Conclusions
Although prevalence was similar between the units, there were important differences in the rates of transmission and clearance. Influential factors may include antimicrobial exposure or other patient-care factors.
Performance Analysis of Prioritization and Contention Control Algorithm in Wireless Body Area Networks
Authors: B Nithya , Ranjan Naveen , A Justin Gopinath 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is the composition of a group of energy-efficient, miniature, invasive/non-invasive, light-weighted sensors that monitor human body health conditions for early detection and treatment for life-threatening diseases. Due to the stringent demands of WBAN, such as energy efficiency, reliability and low delay, the development of an efficient contention control algorithm is exceptionally crucial that aims to maximize throughput by reducing collisions. In this context, this paper proposes an adaptive algorithm, namely, Prioritization and Contention Control (PCC) algorithm, to minimize collisions, latency and energy consumption. The first phase of the proposed algorithm prioritizes sensors using run-time metrics to grant channel access only for the potential nodes to send their data. It leads to a lesser number of collisions among sensors, thereby reducing retransmission attempts. In the second phase, the Contention Window (CW) size is predicted using queue length and collision rate that accurately mimic the current channel status. The dynamic estimation of CW aids in minimizing channel access delay, collisions and energy consumption, thereby enhancing overall network performance. The performance of the proposed PCC algorithm is validated with the 2D Markov model and NS2 simulation in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio, delay and remaining energy.
Incidence and Outcomes of Home Parenteral Nutrition in Patients With Crohn Disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Authors: Bakhshi Zeinab , Yadav Siddhant , Salonen Bradley R , Bonnes Sara L , Varayil Jithinraj Edakkanambeth , Harmsen William Scott , Hurt Ryan T , Tremaine William J , Loftus Edward V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
We sought to estimate the incidence of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) use in a population-based cohort of patients with Crohn disease (CD), and to assess clinical outcomes and complications associated with HPN.

Methods
We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) to identify residents of Olmsted County, who were diagnosed with CD between 1970 and 2011, and required HPN.

Results
Fourteen out of 429 patients (3.3%) with CD received HPN (86% female). Eleven patients (79%) had moderate–severe CD and 12 patients (86%) had fistulizing disease. Thirteen patients (93%) underwent surgery, primarily due to obstruction. Among CD incidence cases, the cumulative incidence of HPN from the date of CD diagnosis was 0% at 1 year, 0.5% at 5 years, 0.8% at 10 years, and 2.4% at 20 years. Indications for HPN included short bowel syndrome in 64%, malnutrition in 29%, and bowel rest in 21%. The median duration of HPN was 2.5 years. There was an average weight gain of 1.2 kg at 6 months, an average weight loss of 1.4 kg at 1 year, and a further weight loss of 2.2 kg at 2 years from the start of HPN. Patients were hospitalized a mean of 5 times after the start of HPN, mainly due to catheter-related bloodstream infections and thrombosis.

Conclusions
Less than 4% of patients with CD need HPN. Most have moderate to severe disease with short bowel syndrome or malnutrition. Possible reasons for the patients’ weight loss could be noncompliance, and increased metabolic needs because of active disease.
Depressive symptoms and non-adherence to treatable cardiovascular risk factors’ medications in the CONSTANCES cohort
Authors: Hamieh Nadine , Kab Sofiane , Zins Marie , Blacher Jacques , Meneton Pierre , Empana Jean-Philippe , Hoertel Nicolas , Limosin Frederic , Goldberg Marcel , Melchior Maria , Lemogne Cedric 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
Depression is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the role of poor medical adherence is mostly unknown. We studied the association between depressive symptoms and non-adherence to medications targeting treatable cardiovascular risk factors in the CONSTANCES population-based French cohort.

Methods and results
We used CONSTANCES data linked to the French national healthcare database to study the prospective association between depressive symptoms (assessed at inclusion with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale) and non-adherence to medications (less than 80% of trimesters with at least one drug dispensed) treating type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia over 36 months of follow-up. Binary logistic regression models were adjusted for socio-demographics, body mass index, and personal history of CVD at inclusion. Among 4998 individuals with hypertension, 793 with diabetes, and 3692 with dyslipidaemia at baseline, respectively 13.1% vs. 11.5%, 10.5% vs. 5.8%, and 29.0% vs. 27.1% of those depressed vs. those non-depressed were non-adherent over the first 18 months of follow-up (15.9% vs. 13.6%, 11.1% vs. 7.4%, and 34.8% vs. 36.6% between 19 and 36 months). Adjusting for all covariates, depressive symptoms were neither associated with non-adherence to medications for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia over the first 18 months of follow-up, nor afterwards. Depressive symptoms were only associated with non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications between the first 3–6 months of follow-up.

Conclusion
Non-adherence to medications targeting treatable cardiovascular risk factors is unlikely to explain much of the association between depressive symptoms and CVD at a population level. Clinicians are urged to search for and treat depression in individuals with diabetes to foster medications adherence.
The role of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 in cardiomyocyte injury after myocardial infarction
Authors: Li Liangpeng , Fu Wenbin , Gong Xue , Chen Zhi , Tang Luxun , Yang Dezhong , Liao Qiao , Xia Xuewei , Wu Hao , Liu Chao , Tian Miao , Zeng Andi , Zhou Lin , Jose Pedro A , Chen Ken , Wang Wei Eric , Zeng Chunyu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) has been reported to play an important role in hypertension, but little is known about its role in cardiomyocytes and myocardial infarction (MI). The goal of present study is to explore the role of GRK4 in the pathogenesis and progression of MI.

Methods and results
We studied the expression and distribution pattern of GRK4 in mouse heart after MI. GRK4 A486V transgenic mice, inducible cardiomyocyte-specific GRK4 knockout mice, were generated and subjected to MI with their control mice. Cardiac infarction, cardiac function, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, autophagic activity, and HDAC4 phosphorylation were assessed. The mRNA and protein levels of GRK4 in the heart were increased after MI. Transgenic mice with the overexpression of human GRK4 wild type (WT) or human GRK4 A486V variant had increased cardiac infarction, exaggerated cardiac dysfunction and remodelling. In contrast, the MI-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodelling were ameliorated in cardiomyocyte-specific GRK4 knockout mice. GRK4 overexpression in cardiomyocytes aggravated apoptosis, repressed autophagy, and decreased beclin-1 expression, which were partially rescued by the autophagy agonist rapamycin. MI also induced the nuclear translocation of GRK4, which inhibited autophagy by increasing HDAC4 phosphorylation and decreasing its binding to the beclin-1 promoter. HDAC4 S632A mutation partially restored the GRK4-induced inhibition of autophagy. MI caused greater impairment of cardiac function in patients carrying the GRK4 A486V variant than in WT carriers.

Conclusion
GRK4 increases cardiomyocyte injury during MI by inhibiting autophagy and promoting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These effects are mediated by the phosphorylation of HDAC4 and a decrease in beclin-1 expression.
Atrial fibrillation ablation in heart failure: What do we know? What can we do?
Authors: Chiocchini Andrea , Terricabras Maria , Verma Atul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are two conditions that frequently impact reciprocally on each other. Patients with HFrEF have an increased risk of stroke, hospitalization and mortality after they develop AF and vice versa, AF causing deterioration of the ejection fraction is also associated to increased mortality. Catheter ablation has emerged as an effective alternative to antiarrhythmic drug treatment to maintain sinus rhythm and some randomized trials have shown a potential benefit in terms of mortality and hospitalization. This review discusses the available evidence regarding catheter ablation treatment in this specific patient group.