bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and laboratory profile of dengue fever in children in a tertiary care hospital of Navi Mumbai, India
Authors: Bhat Minakshi , Otiv Anjali 
Published: July 2020

Background: Dengue fever is a mosquito born arboviral illness endemic in tropical countries and causes significant mortality and morbidity due to lack of definitive treatment. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical and laboratory profile of confirmed cases of dengue in children up to 12 years of age and also to charactrise the risk factors for severe dengue.Methods: This is a descriptive, observational, retrospective study done in the Department of Pediatrics, Terna Medical College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India. Medical records of all children up to 12 years of age diagnosed to have dengue were reviewed. Their clinical and laboratory profile were recorded in a pro forma and analyzed. All cases were classified as per WHO guidelines into non severe and severe dengue cases.Results: Among the 117 confirmed dengue cases, (84.6%) had non severe dengue and (15.4%) had severe dengue. The most common age group affected was 9-12 years (45.3%) with a male to female ratio of 2.4:1. Fever was the most common clinical feature seen in all cases followed by headache (83%), myalgia (81%), ascites (24.7%), vomiting (17.9%). Clinical signs of ascitis, hepatomegally, gastrointestinal bleeding, pleural effusion and shock were predominantly associated with severe dengue cases. Laboratory parameters showed leukopenia in 58.1% and thrombocytopenia (platelet counts <20,000/cumm3) in16.2% cases. Elevated liver enzymes, raised hematocrit (36.3%) and coagulation abnormalities were seen in over 50% dengue cases and were significantly associated with severe dengue dengue.Conclusions: Knowledge of clinical and laboratory profile of dengue cases of a particular area will help in early prediction of risk factors for severe dengue resulting in favourable outcome of such cases.
Clinicopathologic and radiologic features of pediatric unilateral nasal masses at a tertiary hospital
Authors: Alanazi Eman R. , Almomen Ali A. , Aljafer Hadeel M. , Alazzeh Ghaleb M. , Alkhatib Abdurahamn M. 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cases of unilateral nasal masses (UNM’s) are usually inflammatory but some are neoplastic in nature. We conducted this study to determine the clinic-pathologic features, radiological findings and patterns of UNM’s in our institution.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a retroactive chart review of all pediatric cases followed and treated for medically untreatable UNM from 2015 till 2018 at King Fahad Specialist Hospital (KFSH) in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Cases of 25 patients (16 males and 9 females) with a mean age of 10.81±4.53 years were studied. There were 12 patients (48.0%) who presented with a nasal obstruction, and nasal polyp was found by fiberoptic nasal endoscopy (FNE) in 12 patients (48.0%). Two patients (8.0%) had unremarkable FNE findings. The most common site of origin of the mass was the ethmoid sinus (24.0%). Twenty patients (80.0%) had FESS, 3 (12.0%) had endoscopic excision, 1 had FESS plus abscess drainage and 1 (4.0%) had marsupialization. Two patients (8.0%) had recurrence 12 months after surgery, and one patient (4.0%) had recurrence six months after surgery. Six patients (24.0%) had malignant tumor of which 3 patients (12.0%) expired from the disease.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pediatric patients with a UNM may present with varied symptoms and may show unremarkable results with nasal endoscopy. However the risk of having an underlying malignant process is very high, thus a histopathologic diagnosis is warranted to confirm the diagnosis.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Endoscopic sinus surgery and its effects on pulmonary function test in patients of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis
Authors: Lyngdoh Dameshwa S. , Behera Subrat Kumar , Swain Smruti , Pattnaik Manoranjan 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The human upper and lower respiratory tract share a close relationship in respect to existence of diseases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the outcome of endoscopic sinus surgery with the Lund- Mackay staging system and to find any objective changes between the pre and post-operative pulmonary function test values in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 50 patients of CRSwNP refractory to maximal medical treatment (for 1 month) planned for endoscopic sinus surgery were included in the study. Results were assessed on the basis of pre and post-operative endoscopic and CT scores and PFT (FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC) values. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Postoperatively, Lund Mackay endoscopic and CT scores improved from the preoperative values, which were statistically significant with p values&lt;0.05. Comparing FEV1/FVC, FVC and FEV1 values in three situations- preoperative versus postoperative 1 month, preoperative versus postoperative 3<sup>rd</sup> month and post-operative 1<sup>st</sup> month versus postoperative 3<sup>rd</sup> month, the difference between the means were found to be statistically significant (p=0.000), except for FVC between postoperative 3<sup>rd</sup> month and 1<sup>st</sup> month.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study provides objective evidence that patients with CRSwNP may have non clinical lower airway disease detected by PFT and ESS is effective in improvement of both nasal and lower airway disease as evident from the improvements in PFT values.</p>
Tympanoplasty with and without mastoidectomy in wet ears: a comparative study
Authors: Munjal Manish , Talwar Gopika , Munjal Shubham , Saggar Tulika 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Effect of cortical mastoidectomy on graft uptake and graft mobility and thence shift of hearing thresholds was analysed in tympanoplasty in discharging ears.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study, 60 subjects of safe chronic suppurative otitis media were selected from the outpatient clinics of Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. All were subjected to tympanoplasty utilizing the underlay technique. Mastoid exploration was undertaken in the ears with persistent ear discharge. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Cortical mastoidectomy performed in 20 (33.3%) out of 60 patients and most of cases were done in superiorly based/superior cuff tympanoplasty group in our study. No statistically significance found between cortical mastoidectomy and different flap technique. Mean hearing gain is more with cortical mastoidectomy (16.85 dB) than without cortical mastoidectomy (13.05 dB) and graft uptake was 97.5% without cortical and 95% with cortical mastoidectomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There was higher mean gain in thresholds of hearing in subjects with cortical mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty though uptake was almost equal to those without mastoidectomy.</p>
Hearing impairment in patients of hypothyroidism in sub Himalayan region
Authors: Gupta Vikasdeep , Dogra Sunder Singh , Bansal Pardeep , Thakur Kuldeep , Sharma Vidhu , Verma Deepak , . Vandana 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to assess the hearing impairment in patients of hypothyroidism.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective clinical study has done at a referral centre included 33 diagnosed patients of hypothyroidism in the age group of 15 to 65 years, fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria who attended the outpatient department. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism was confirmed by thyroid function tests i.e., serum T3, T4 and TSH levels while hearing assessment was done using tuning fork tests, pure tone audiometry, impedance audiometry and otoacoustic emissions. Hearing impairment was measured in decibels of hearing loss, or dB HL and graded as mild, moderate, moderately severe, severe, or profound. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty showed 42.7% of the patients had high frequency sensorineural type of hearing loss. The air bone gap was not significant. On tympanometry, all the patients had type A graph and distortion product otoacoustic emissionss in all patients were pass.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Acquired hypothyroidism affects primarily high frequency hearing thresholds causing high frequency sensorineural hearing loss, with little or no effect on lower frequencies.</p>
Chronological events in the surgery of the septum
Authors: Munjal Manish , Arora Pankaj , Munjal Shubham , Saggar Tulika 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract">Nasal obstruction unilateral or bilateral, secondary to congenital birth passage or adult, nasal trauma requires surgical intervention of the deviated septum. Intervention ranges from a minimal septal repositioning to submucosal resection, simple septoplasty or the extensive extracorporeal septoplasty. The development of septal surgery with the developments in the field of rhinology has been reviewed.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Application of Electromechanical Installation Construction Technology in Practical Engineering
Authors: Huang Zichuan 
Published: July 2020

<p>Nowadays, with the continuous development of economy and society, the frequency of electromechanical installation projects in various industries is getting higher and higher. With the continuous improvement of mechanization level, the requirements for business personnel engaged in mechanical and electrical installation engineering are getting higher and higher. Electromechanical installation is a very important part in construction engineering. Only through continuous innovation, technical renewal and transformation, can the engineering function be effectively guaranteed and the economic benefit be increased. As urban construction enters the fast lane, people's requirements for the quality of life are gradually improved. The installation of construction electromechanical projects is the most prominent link in construction engineering, so construction units should pay attention to the installation of engineering electromechanical projects. The emphasis of engineering electromechanical installation is the control of installation quality and the innovation of installation technology. Based on the author's practical experience, this article first emphasizes the necessity of electromechanical installation, and then explains the relationship between construction engineering and electromechanical installation in combination with engineering practice, aiming at emphasizing the irreplaceable role of electromechanical installation in construction engineering.</p>
Secondary Structural Effects of Polyamino Acids in Materials Science and Biomedicine
Authors: Li Baihong 
Published: July 2020

<p>Polyaminoacids not only have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, but also have special functions different from conventional polymers due to their secondary structure (α-helix, random curl), which is similar to protein and its responsive transformation, which has important applications in the fields of materials and biomedicine. In this paper, the new progress of the research group on the secondary structure of polyaminoacids in polymer antifouling coating, nanoparticle-cell membrane interaction and protein modification in recent years is briefly summarized, and the future development direction of the secondary structure of polyamino acids is briefly prospected.</p>
THE RANGE OF COMMUNICATION TOPICS OF THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED IN THE INTERNET COMMUNITIES
Authors: Pronchev Gennadi B. , Goncharova Inna V. , Proncheva Nadezhda G. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of the study: This study discusses questions associated with the analysis of the most relevant communication topics of sight-disabled people in the Internet communities. According to the World Health Organization, there are about 1.3 billion people worldwide who live with a form of vision disorder. For solving a broad range of social problems of the sight-disabled, interest-based virtual social communities are created in the global internet network. By analyzing the content of these communities, one can judge about the most relevant topics of interest for sight-disabled people.
Methodology: In this work, search and study of the Internet communities of sight-disabled people have been conducted in the VK (Russia)] social network. Using the Popsters service of analytics of social network posts and pages, the authors have analyzed the content of the said communities and identified the most relevant topics for this category of citizens. In the research, the hypothesis was used about a stable and significant statistical relation existing between the activity of users in the Internet communities associated with a particular topic and the level of significance of the selected topic for them.
Main Findings: The development of information and communication technologies promotes socialization and integration of sight-disabled people into the civic society. The Internet communities of sight-disabled people focused on various topics are registered in the VK social network. The state has to more extensively support and develop technologies contributing to socialization and integration of sight-disabled people into the civic society.
Applications of this study: The research findings can be of interest for specialists dealing with problems of socialization and social adaptation of people having vision limitations.
Novelty/Originality of this study: It has been found that the Internet communities with the user-supplemented content have the highest quantity of users registered. The topics range of posts in these Internet communities is quite diverse. Posts asserting the traditional life principles: compassion, assistance, overcoming difficulties – win the highest users' response.
Comprehensive comparison of immune features between ultra-low and ultra-high mutation burden non-small cell lung cancers
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Duan Zhaojun , Chen Chong , Bai Xiaoyin , Liu Wei , He Yongqun , Yang Xiaolin , Yang Bo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is associated with the formation of tumors and the outcomes of immunotherapy, especially in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to study immune features of NSCLC with different mutation burdens. We performed a comprehensive comparison of immune features, including driver mutations, up- or down-regulated expression of key biological pathways, tumor cell evolution, tumor cell stemness, etiology, and immune cell infiltration, between ultra-low (UL) and ultra-high (UH) TMB NSCLC. Results: Generally, we found that UL-TMB tumors contained a higher proportion of driver mutations and maintained an “immune-desert” tumor microenvironment with reduced effector cell infiltration and increased suppressor cell infiltration. In UH-TMB tumors, the expression levels of cell cycles, DNA replication and mismatch repair pathways were up-regulated. We discovered that UL-TMB tumors had different up-regulated pathways between a denocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Basically, the expression levels of primary bile acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, and drug metabolism pathways were up-regulated in LUAD; however, the expression level of CaM pathway and the PLC-gamma1 signaling pathway were up-regulated in LUSC. Most mutations in UH-TMB tumors occurred in the early stages, while UL-TMB tumors showed the opposite trend. UH-TMB tumors had a relatively high stemness score. Despite the mutations and neo-antigens increasing in UH-TMB tumors, the overall antigen presentation capacity was weak. Conclusions: These results support rational design of therapeutic strategies for NSCLC with different mutation burdens.
Spatio-Temporal Impact of Self-Financed Rotavirus Vaccination on Rotavirus and Acute Gastroenteritis Hospitalisations in the Valencia Region, Spain.
Authors: López-Lacort Mónica , Orrico-Sánchez Alejandro , Martínez-Beneito Miguel Ángel , Muñoz-Quiles Cintia , Díez-Domingo Javier 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown a substantial impact of Rotavirus (RV) vaccination on the burden of RV and all-cause acute gastroenteritis (AGE). However, the results of most impact studies could be confused by a dynamic and complex space-time process. Therefore, there is a need to analyse the impact of RV vaccination on RV and AGE hospitalisations in a space-time framework to detect geographical-time patterns while avoiding the potential confusion caused by population inequalities in the impact estimations.Methods: A retrospective population-based study using real-world data from the Valencia Region was performed among children aged less than 3 years old in the period 2005-2016. A Bayesian spatio-temporal model was constructed to analyse RV and AGE hospitalisations and to estimate the vaccination impact measured in averted hospitalisations. Results: We found important spatio-temporal patterns in RV and AGE hospitalisations, RV vaccination coverage and in their associated adverted hospitalisations. Overall, ~1866 hospital admissions for RV were averted by RV vaccination during 2007–2016. Despite the low-medium vaccine coverage (~50%) in 2015-2016, relevant 36% and 20% reductions were estimated in RV and AGE hospitalisations respectively.Conclusions: The introduction of the RV vaccines has substantially reduced the number of RV hospitalisations, averting ~1866 admissions during 2007-2016 which were space and time dependent. This study improves the methodologies commonly used to estimate the RV vaccine impact and their interpretation.
Availability, Accessibility, and Quality of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) Services in Urban Health Facilities of Rwanda: A survey among social and healthcare providers
Authors: Ndayishimiye Pacifique , Uwase Rosine , Kubwimana Isabelle , Niyonzima Jean de la Croix , Dzekem Roseline Dine , Nyandwi Jean Baptiste , Kadima Justin Ntokamunda 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Adolescents are still getting pregnant and contracting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in Rwanda as elsewhere. Quality and comprehensive SRH services and information for adolescents is valuable for adolescents’ wellbeing. This study aimed at understanding SRH services providers’ viewpoints on accessibility, availability, and quality of SRH services provided to adolescents in selected cities of Rwanda. Method: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted between May 2018 and May 2019 in six selected cities of Rwanda using a mixed-methods approach. A checklist was used to collect data from 159 conveniently selected SRH services providers. The survey tool was validated. SPSS version 20 was used to describe quantitative data and ATLAS TI version 5.2 was used to code and analyze the qualitative data thematically.Results: Qualitatively, health care providers reported that the availability of adolescent SRHS are satisfactory with access to accurate SRH information, contraceptive methods, prevention and management of STIs and HIV services, and counselling. However, the accessibility of some services remains limited. According to respondents, some products such as female condoms are less in demand and often expire before they can be distributed. One nurse clarified that they render services at a low price if an adolescent has insurance medical coverture. Religious leaders and family members may hinder adolescents from health-seeking behavior by promoting abstinence and discouraging use of protective means. Quantitatively, we found that 94.3% of health facilities provide information to adolescents on SRH services that were available and 51.6% affirmed delivering services at a low cost. Only 57.2% of respondents mentioned that adolescents are involved in designing the feedback mechanisms at their facilities.Conclusion: SRH services in Rwanda are available for the general population and are not specifically designed for adolescents. These SRH services seem to be fairly accessible to adolescents with insufficient quality as adolescents themselves do not get to be fully involved in service provision among other aspects of quality SRH as stated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, there is a need to improve the present quality of these services to meet adolescents’ needs in an urban setting.
Human and spatial-temporal clustering analysis of human brucellosis in mainland China from 2012 to 2016
Authors: Liang Peifeng , Zhao Yuan , Zhao Jianhua , Pan Dongfeng , Guo Zhongqin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to better understand the epidemiology of brucellosis in mainland China. We set out to investigate the human, temporal and spatial distribution and clustering characters of the disease. Methods: Human brucellosis data from mainland China between 2012 and 2016 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Geographic information system ArcGIS10.3 (ESRI, Redlands) and SaTScan software were used to identify potential changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in mainland China during the study period.Results: A total of 244,348 cases of human brucellosis were reported during the study period. During 2012-2016, the average incidence of human brucellosis was higher in the 40-65 age group. The temporal clustering analysis showed that the high incidence of brucellosis occurring between march and July annually. The spatial clustering analysis of the incidence of human brucellosis showed that the location of brucellosis clustering in mainland China remained relatively fixed, mainly concentrated in most parts of northern China. The result of spatial-temporal clustering analysis showed that there is a primary cluster area of Heilongjiang , and three secondary clusters area of Tibet, Shanxi and Hubei province.Conclusion: Human brucellosis remains a widespread challenge, particularly in northern China. The clustering analysis highlights potential high-risk human, time and areas which may require special plans and resources for monitoring and controlling the disease.
A geospatial analysis of two-hour surgical access to district hospitals in South Africa
Authors: Chu Kathryn , Dell Angela J , Moultrie Harry , Day Candy , Naidoo Megan , Straten Stephanie van , Rayne Sarah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In a robust health care system, at least 80% of a country’s population should be able to access a district hospital that provides surgical care within two hours. The objective was to identify the proportion of the population living within two hours of a district hospital with surgical capacity in South Africa. Methods: All government hospitals in the country were identified. Surgical district hospitals were defined as district hospitals with a surgical provider, a functional operating theatre, and the provision of at least one caesarean section annually. The proportion of the population within two-hour access was estimated using service area methods.Results: Ninety-eight percent of the population had two-hour access to any government hospital in South Africa. One hundred and thirty-eight of 240 (58%) district hospitals had surgical capacity and 86% of the population had two-hour access to these facilities. Conclusion: Improving equitable surgical access is urgently needed in sub-Saharan Africa. This study demonstrated that in South Africa, just over half of district hospitals had surgical capacity but more than 80% of the population had two-hour access to these facilities. Strengthening district hospital surgical capacity is an international mandate and needed to improve access.