bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of thermal performance and surface moisture risk for a rear-ventilated cladding system for façade renovation
Authors: Arregi Beñat , Garay Roberto , Garrido-Marijuan Antonio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ventilated façade systems, incorporating thermal insulation behind a rear-ventilated cladding, constitute a popular renovation solution in warm European climates. For compliance with building regulations, their energy efficiency is usually obtained through simple onedimensional desktop calculations, which do not consider the impact of the support elements of the cladding penetrating the thermal insulation. This study assesses a ventilated façade system anchored over a solid concrete wall with adjustable stainless steel brackets. One-dimensional calculations are compared against three-dimensional numerical thermal modelling, evaluating the effect of insulation thickness (40–100 mm) and potential gaps in the insulation around anchors. Results indicate low risk of condensation and mould growth over internal surfaces. The additional heat flow induced by stainless steel anchors, which is not considered by simplified calculations, appears lower than for aluminium-based systems but can become significant as insulation levels increase. Ensuring the continuity of insulation around anchors is critical for keeping this additional heat flow at reasonable levels (8–13%). If gaps in the insulation are present around anchors, the additional heat flow increases substantially (25–70%) and pushes effective U-values above 0.4 W/m2K, thus resulting in unforeseen energy consumption and non-compliance with regulatory requirements in many European locations.
Urban seismic risk model for resilient cities. The case of Thessaloniki
Authors: Riga Evi , Karatzetzou Anna , Fotopoulou Stavroula , Apostolaki Stefania , Dafloukas Konstantinos , Pitilakis Kyriazis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Seismic risk assessment and loss estimation are of major importance for decision-making with respect to the reduction of earthquake-induced losses at local, urban, national and even continental scale. In this study we present a preliminary model for the probabilistic seismic risk assessment at urban scale. The studied model will be applied to the residential building stock of Thessaloniki, Greece, for which detailed building inventory and very good knowledge of the soil conditions are available. The applied model comprises three main components, i.e., seismic hazard, building exposure model and physical - socioeconomic vulnerability models. Seismic hazard for rock site conditions is properly amplified to account for site effects of Thessaloniki city, considering the available detailed data of the soil conditions. Exposure model for residential buildings of Thessaloniki is developed based on the results from the 2011 Population and Housing Census. Both physical and socioeconomic losses were considered. For the assessment of the physical and socioeconomic losses we applied the fragility and vulnerability models developed for Greece by GEM. The work has been conducted in the framework of SERA European project (http://www.sera-eu.org/en/home/), which aims at developing a pan-European seismic risk model, applicable at both urban and national risk assessment. The model developed in this work will contribute to the efforts towards increasing the resilience of cities.
Green synthesis of vanadium oxide-zirconium oxide nanocomposite for the degradation of methyl orange and picloram
Authors: Rasheed Parsa , Haq Sirajul , Waseem Muhammad , Rehman Sadiq Ur , Rehman Wajid , Bibi Nazma , Shah Syed Abbas Ali 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The vanadium oxide-zirconium oxide nanocomposite (V2O5/ZrO2 NC) was synthesized by green method using Daphne alpine (D. alpine) leaves extract. The pore size and surface area was studied by N2 adsorption-desorption process using Brunaure-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods and SBET was found to be 214 m2 g−1. The crystalline nature and other crystal properties was investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and the calculated average crystallite size is 41.74 nm. The morphology of the V2O5/ZrO2 NC was examined by scanning electron scanning microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal stability was examine by thermogravimetric analysis and a total of 11.73% weight loss was observed. The optical property was studied by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and band gap was found to be 3.93 eV. The surface function group was studied the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performance of V2O5/ZrO2 NC was examined against methyl orange and picloram and 76.94% and 86% were degraded in 75 min respectively.
Effect of powder particle size on microstructure and properties of low pressure cold sprayed high aluminium bronze coating
Authors: Feng Li , Li Dongting , An Guosheng , Wang Guiping , Li Wensheng , Chang Jirong 
Published: January 2020

Abstrasct
High-aluminum bronze alloy powder was mixed with 16 wt% Al2O3 powder to prepare low-pressure gas dynamic spray coatings with different sized powder particles. The mechanical properties of coatings were tested and the surface, cross section and stretch section of coatings were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Uniform experiment was performed to analyze the effects of particle size of the high-aluminum bronze and Al2O3 powder on coating performance. Experimental results shows that the degree of deformation of the high-aluminum bronze particle in the coating increased with decreasing particle size in the high-aluminum bronze and Al2O3 in the mixed powder. The degree of deformation of the high-aluminum bronze particle in the coating affected the mechanical properties of the coating showing a linear relationship between powder size and coating performance. When the particle size of Al2O3 and high-aluminum bronze particle ranged between 23–25 μm, the coating has the outstanding mechanical properties.
Review of North American pit viper antivenoms
Authors: Cocchio Craig , Johnson Jami , Clifton Shari 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Purpose
For the first time in nearly 20 years, 2 antigen-binding fragment (Fab) antivenoms are available to treat patients who incur North American pit viper snakebites: Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine), or simply FabAV; and Crotalidae immune F(ab′)2 (equine), or simply F(ab′)2. Pharmacists are in a key position for the selection, dosing, reconstitution, administration, and monitoring of antivenom therapy; however, they encounter inconsistent exposure and experience with these drugs. Thus, an updated review of the literature is necessary.

Methods
The search strategy and selection incorporated both controlled vocabulary terms and keywords to describe concepts relevant to the search. Retrieval was limited to literature published from 1997 to the present in English, Portuguese, or Spanish.

Results
Given the paucity of available prospective literature, the authors elected to include all prospective evidence to best describe the role of antivenom. For the primary literature review, manuscripts were excluded if they were observational studies, conference abstracts, narrative or opinion articles, letters to the editor, or in-progress studies.

Conclusion
While there is limited evidence-based guidance on the superiority of F(ab′)2 to FabAV, or vice versa, individual and regional considerations should contribute to formulary decisions. Pharmacists must play a role in the development of clinical pathways to ensure appropriate evaluation, supportive care, and antivenom procurement, administration, and monitoring.
Prevalence of Universal Medication Schedule prescribing and links to adherence
Authors: Wolf Michael S , Taitel Michael S , Jiang Jenny Z , Curtis Laura M , Wismer Guisselle A , Wallia Amisha , Parker Ruth M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeA Universal Medication Schedule (UMS) that uses explicit language to describe when to take medicine has been proposed as a patient-centered prescribing and dispensing standard. Despite widespread support, evidence of its actual use and efficacy is limited. We investigated the prevalence of UMS instructions and whether their use was associated with higher rates of medication adherence.MethodsNational pharmacy records were analyzed for a cohort of type 2 diabetic adults ≥18 years old (N = 676,739) new to ≥1 oral diabetes medications between January and June 2014. Prescription instructions (N = 796,909) dispensed with medications were classified as UMS or non-UMS. Instructions coded as UMS were further categorized as either providing precise UMS language (tier 1: “take 1 pill at morning, noon, evening, or bedtime”) or offering some explicit guidance (tier 2: “take 1 tablet by mouth before breakfast”; tier 3: “take 1 tablet twice daily with a meal”). Adherence over 12 months was measured by proportion of days covered.ResultsOne-third of instructions (32.4%, n = 258,508) were classified as UMS (tier 1: 12.6%, n = 100,589; tier 2: 6.0%, n = 47,914; tier 3: 13.8%, n = 110,005). In multivariable analyses, UMS instructions (all tiers) exhibited better adherence compared to non-UMS instructions (relative risk [RR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.02; P = 0.01). Patients older than 65 years who were less educated and taking medication more than once daily received greater benefit from tier 1 UMS instructions (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07-1.21; P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionWhile infrequently used, the UMS could help older, less-educated patients adhere to more complex regimens with minimal investment.
Gravity in Midfacial Aging: A 3-Dimensional Study
Authors: Ramesh Sathyadeepak , Johnson Patricia , Sarcu David , Wulc Allan Edward 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Volume loss and volume descent are complementary aspects of facial aging, although the respective contribution of each is unclear.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to quantify in 3 dimensions the effects of gravity on the midface in both upright and supine positions in an older and a younger group of patients.

Methods
A prospective study was undertaken of 53 female patients who had not undergone treatment with dermal fillers or facial cosmetic surgery. Three-dimensional photography with a VECTRA H1 camera (Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, NJ) was taken in supine and sitting positions. Volume shifts and displacement of structures in 3 dimensions were measured and analyzed.

Results
Morphologically, upon shifting from sitting to supine position, the tail of the brow elevated, the tear trough filled, the buccal and malar fat shifted posteriosuperiorly, the earlobe decreased in height, the nasiolabial folds and marionette lines diminished, the modiolus shifted laterally, and the jowl diminished. Volumetric analysis revealed that the infraorbital region increased in volume by a mean [SD] of 0.59 [0.55] mL, the tear trough by 0.22 [0.19] mL, and the malar region by 1.2 [1.06] mL. With subjects in the supine position, all facial topographic landmarks displaced significantly from sitting position.

Conclusions
Facial aging in this cohort was predominantly due to tissue descent rather than volume loss. Reversal of the gravitational force restores the 3D position of the facial subunits and leads to volumization in desirable locations that approximates a more youthful appearance. The volume restored via redistribution of facial fat is comparable to that typically injected during direct volume transfer procedures.

Level of Evidence: 4
A Bayesian approach to accurate and robust signature detection on LINCS L1000 data
Authors: Qiu Yue , Lu Tianhuan , Lim Hansaim , Xie Lei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Motivation
LINCS L1000 dataset contains numerous cellular expression data induced by large sets of perturbagens. Although it provides invaluable resources for drug discovery as well as understanding of disease mechanisms, the existing peak deconvolution algorithms cannot recover the accurate expression level of genes in many cases, inducing severe noise in the dataset and limiting its applications in biomedical studies.

Results
Here, we present a novel Bayesian-based peak deconvolution algorithm that gives unbiased likelihood estimations for peak locations and characterize the peaks with probability based z-scores. Based on the above algorithm, we build a pipeline to process raw data from L1000 assay into signatures that represent the features of perturbagen. The performance of the proposed pipeline is evaluated using similarity between the signatures of bio-replicates and the drugs with shared targets, and the results show that signatures derived from our pipeline gives a substantially more reliable and informative representation for perturbagens than existing methods. Thus, the new pipeline may significantly boost the performance of L1000 data in the downstream applications such as drug repurposing, disease modeling and gene function prediction.

Availability and implementation
The code and the precomputed data for LINCS L1000 Phase II (GSE 70138) are available at https://github.com/njpipeorgan/L1000-bayesian.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Statistical inference of differential RNA-editing sites from RNA-sequencing data by hierarchical modeling
Authors: Tran Stephen S , Zhou Qing , Xiao Xinshu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Motivation
RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) enables global identification of RNA-editing sites in biological systems and disease. A salient step in many studies is to identify editing sites that statistically associate with treatment (e.g. case versus control) or covary with biological factors, such as age. However, RNA-seq has technical features that incumbent tests (e.g. t-test and linear regression) do not consider, which can lead to false positives and false negatives.

Results
In this study, we demonstrate the limitations of currently used tests and introduce the method, RNA-editing tests (REDITs), a suite of tests that employ beta-binomial models to identify differential RNA editing. The tests in REDITs have higher sensitivity than other tests, while also maintaining the type I error (false positive) rate at the nominal level. Applied to the GTEx dataset, we unveil RNA-editing changes associated with age and gender, and differential recoding profiles between brain regions.

Availability and implementation
REDITs are implemented as functions in R and freely available for download at https://github.com/gxiaolab/REDITs. The repository also provides a code example for leveraging parallelization using multiple cores.
Working with Restrictions: A Scoping Review of Social Work and Human Service Practice with People Seeking Asylum in the Global North
Authors: Field Rebecca Soraya , Chung Donna , Fleay Caroline 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With a record number of people reported to be forcibly displaced worldwide and an increasingly anti-asylum policy environment in Global North host nations, it is critical to examine social work and human services with people seeking asylum and people with refugee status. This scoping review sought to identify and review the existing qualitative research on such practice from the perspectives of social work and human service practitioners, people seeking asylum and people with refugee status and clients in Global North host nations. The review presents the key findings and trends emerging from twenty publications and identifies areas for future research to further develop knowledge of this field of practice as there is a dearth of research on this topic. Through thematic analysis of very different publications, it was found that Global North host nations have varying forms of restrictive policy and dominant anti-asylum discourses. This and other factors result in many potential areas for improvement of social work and human services. The findings include recommendations for more inclusive and compassionate policy, person-centred and strength-based practice approaches, and further qualitative research with people seeking asylum.
Relational Autonomy and Service Choices in Social Worker–Client Conversations in an Outpatient Clinic for People Using Drugs
Authors: Juhila Kirsi , Ranta Johanna , Raitakari Suvi , Banks Sarah 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on how clients’ self-determination is accomplished in social worker–client conversations when discussing choices of clients’ future services in a low-threshold outpatient clinic in Finland targeted at people who use drugs. Self-determination is approached from the point of view of relational autonomy, meaning that choices are never made completely independently but within certain societal and interactional contexts. The article applies interactional analysis to data from ten social worker–client conversations, which include forty-eight instances of ‘choice talk’. The results demonstrate how social workers work hard to promote clients’ self-determination, and how this is carried out with different emphases within the frame of relational autonomy. Social workers do not perform ethically questionable manipulation practices. Quite the reverse, their contributions in the conversations can be interpreted as endeavours to increase clients’ self-confidence and autonomy competencies. However, a concern from an ethical point of view is that real service options are rather scarce for the clinic’s clients. This considerably reduces the clients’ capacity for self-determination. Furthermore, it also reduces the autonomy of social workers, who have limited opportunities to organise the services their clients desire and that the social workers themselves consider are the best options.
Temporal Gating of Synaptic Competition in the Amygdala by Cannabinoid Receptor Activation
Authors: Madeira Natália , Drumond Ana , Fonseca Rosalina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The acquisition of fear memories involves plasticity of the thalamic and cortical pathways to the lateral amygdala (LA). In turn, the maintenance of synaptic plasticity requires the interplay between input-specific synaptic tags and the allocation of plasticity-related proteins. Based on this interplay, weakly activated synapses can express long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity by cooperating with strongly activated synapses. Increasing the number of activated synapses can shift cooperation to competition. Synaptic cooperation and competition can determine whether two events, separated in time, are associated or whether a particular event is selected for storage. The rules that determine whether synapses cooperate or compete are unknown. We found that synaptic cooperation and competition, in the LA, are determined by the temporal sequence of cortical and thalamic stimulation and that the strength of the synaptic tag is modulated by the endocannabinoid signaling. This modulation is particularly effective in thalamic synapses, supporting a critical role of endocannabinoids in restricting thalamic plasticity. Also, we found that the availability of synaptic proteins is activity-dependent, shifting competition to cooperation. Our data present the first evidence that presynaptic modulation of synaptic activation, by the cannabinoid signaling, functions as a temporal gating mechanism limiting synaptic cooperation and competition.
Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Taste Organoids
Authors: Feng Shan , Achoute Leyitha , Margolskee Robert F , Jiang Peihua , Wang Hong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are signaling molecules that regulate numerous physiological processes, from tissue homeostasis to metabolism and food intake. Expression of certain cytokines can be markedly induced in subsets of taste bud cells under acute and chronic inflammation. This may contribute to altered taste perception and preference associated with many diseases. Although the pathways of cytokine induction are well studied in immune cells, they remain poorly characterized in taste cells, in part due to the difficulties of performing biochemical analyses with a limited number of taste cells. The recently developed taste organoid model provides an opportunity to carry out these mechanistic studies in vitro. However, it was unknown whether taste organoids respond to inflammatory stimuli as do in vivo native taste buds. Here we analyze lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression and secretion of two inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). We show that, similarly to native mouse taste epithelia, organoids derived from mouse circumvallate stem cells express several toll-like receptors (TLRs), including TLR4—the primary receptor for LPS. Organoids and native taste epithelia express all five genes in the nuclear factor-κb (Nfkb) family that encode the transcription factor NF-κB, a critical regulator of inflammatory responses. LPS stimulates fast induction of TNF and IL-6 with similar induction kinetics in organoids and native taste epithelia. These results show that taste epithelial cells possess necessary components for inflammatory cytokine induction and secretion and suggest that the organoid model can be a useful tool to dissect the underlying mechanisms.
Liver and Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters Obtained at Autopsy Are Postmortem Markers for Premortem Ethanol Intake
Authors: Refaai Majed A , Nguyen Phan N , Steffensen Thora S , Evans Richard J , Cluette-Brown Joanne E , Laposata Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground: Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are nonoxidative ethanol metabolites that have been implicated as mediators of alcohol-induced organ damage. FAEEs are detectable in the blood after ethanol ingestion, and on that basis have been proposed as markers of ethanol intake. Because blood is not always available at autopsy, in this study we quantified FAEEs in human liver and adipose tissue as potential postmortem markers of premortem ethanol intake.Methods: Twenty-four sets of samples were collected at the Massachusetts State Medical Examiner’s Office, and 7 sets of samples were obtained from the Pathology Department of Massachusetts General Hospital. Samples of liver and adipose tissue were collected at autopsy, and FAEEs were isolated and quantified from these organs as mass per gram of wet weight. Postmortem analysis of blood involved assessment for ethanol and other drugs.Results: The study shows a substantial difference in FAEE concentrations in liver and adipose tissue of patients with detectable blood ethanol at the time of autopsy vs those with no detectable blood ethanol, who were either chronic alcoholics or social drinkers. In addition, a specific FAEE, ethyl arachidonate, was found at concentrations &gt;200 pmol/g almost exclusively in the liver and adipose tissue of individuals with detectable blood ethanol at the time of death, providing an additional FAEE-related marker for prior ethanol intake.Conclusions: The mass of FAEEs in liver and adipose tissue and the presence of ethyl arachidonate can serve as postmortem markers of premortem ethanol intake when no blood sample can be obtained.