bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic and geographic variation in adjuvant chemotherapy among elderly patients with stage III colon cancer in Norway – a national register-based cohort study
Authors: Gustavsen Elin Marthinussen , Norderval Stig , Dørum Liv Marit , Balto Aina , Heimdal Ragnhild , Vonen Barthold , Stensland Eva , Haukland Ellinor , Hauglann Beate 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
About half of the patients diagnosed with colon cancer are 70 years or older. Standard treatment for stage III colon cancer is major surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Norwegian guidelines recommend initiation of ACT within 6 weeks after resection.

Objective
This study investigated socioeconomic and geographic variation in the recommended provision of ACT to elderly patients with stage III colon cancer in Norway.

Methods
This population-based retrospective cohort study included patients aged 70 years or older diagnosed with stage III colon cancer between 2011 and 2021 who underwent major surgical resection. Individual data were obtained from national registries. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to model variation in provision of ACT.

Results
Of 4 501 included patients, 603 (13%) and 1 182 (26%) received ACT within 6 and 8 weeks after resection, respectively. The provision of ACT decreased with increasing age and frailty. Odds of ACT within 6 weeks decreased for patients with low socioeconomic status (SES) compared to high SES (odds ratio (OR) 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50–0.91)), and decreased for patients living alone compared to those living with a cohabitant (OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.58–0.91)). Geographic variation was found between hospital referral areas (OR 0.41–2.58).

Conclusions
Our study found that ACT provision to elderly stage III colon cancer patients is associated with SES and geography, indicating variation in guidelines adherence. Further research is needed to explore the impact of ACT timing among elderly patients with stage III colon cancer in Norway.
Breaking barriers: impact of surgical research pathways on high school students from underrepresented minority backgrounds
Authors: Allahwasaya Ashba , Akhund Ramsha , Zmijewski Polina , Herritz Kristi , Chen Herbert , Martin Colin , Hardiman Karin , Lancaster Rachel , Gillis Andrea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Increasing diversity in surgical workforce is vital for better healthcare outcomes among marginalized populations. High school students, especially from underrepresented minority (URM) backgrounds, encounter obstacles in pursuing healthcare careers due to limited opportunities and guidance. In this study, we examined how introducing high school students from URM communities to the field of surgery influenced their perceptions of pursuing surgical careers.

Method
We conducted a mixed-methods study on high school students involved in the Pre-College Research Internship for Students from Minority Backgrounds (PRISM) program from 2018 to 2022, excluding the 2020 cohort due to COVID-19 disruptions. PRISM connected academic surgeons with students from URM backgrounds interested in medicine, involving them in research, lectures, and clinical shadowing. We used questionnaires and focus group interviews to assess its impact on the students’ career goals.

Results
Fourteen out of twenty participants completed a self-administered survey (70% response rate), and six participated in focus group interviews. Of the participants, 78.5% were African American, 14.3% Hispanic, and 7.2% Native American. All students achieved a 100% college acceptance rate, with 85.7% selecting pre-medical degrees in college and planning to pursue medical school. More than 75.0% of the students had no family members working in healthcare or had limited knowledge of healthcare professions. 90.0% reported that their involvement in the program improved their understanding of healthcare professions or inspired them to pursue a career in academic surgery. 86.6% found the program helpful for mentorship and career development. All students lacked prior research experience, but 64.3% were involved in active research post-program. The quantitative results were supported by qualitative data obtained from the focus group interviews. Participants emphasized four prominent themes: the importance of appropriate mentorship, better understanding of healthcare and surgical career pathways, enhanced research knowledge, and progress in career development.

Conclusion
Providing high school students from underrepresented minority (URM) backgrounds with early exposure to surgical practices and mentorship can significantly support their career development and increase interest in academic surgery. Investing in these pipeline programs is a viable component of a multi-faceted approach to effectively address diversity within the surgical workforce.
From conflicts law to transformative law: facing ‘fragmented globalisation’
Authors: Kjaer Poul F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
How does ‘Europe’ cope with its dark past and how does it handle its internal conflicts and contradictions? This is the question at the heart of Christian Joerges’s 600-page opus magnum Conflict and Transformation – Essays on European Law and Policy where he advances his reconceptualization of EU law as a particular form of conflicts law as his answer. But the problem constellation the EU is faced with in today’s world is well-beyond what can be encapsulated by a conflicts law perspective. As an alternative the idea of transformative law is introduced and its potential for acting as a basis for the reconceptualization of the EU legal order discussed. Joerges’s oeuvre moreover has a blind angle, as it is internalistic in nature. But rather than internal forces driving the integration project forward the structural trigger and driver of European integration should rather be found in the reconfiguration of Europe’s relations with the wider world. From (de-)colonialisation to todays ‘fragmented globalisation’ it is the structural reconfigurations of Europe’s relationships to the rest of the world which is the central driver of the integration process.
Systematic review of racial/ethnic and gender differences in financial knowledge in the United States
Authors: Blanco Luisa R. , Garcia Cruz , Gulbins Baely , Gutierrez Rosemary 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe review journal publications from 2007 to 2023 that specifically study or consider racial/ethnic and gender differences in financial knowledge. Of the 32 papers we review, 12 focus on racial/ethnic differences, 7 focus on gender differences, and 13 consider racial/ethnic and gender differences. From these studies, we estimate that, on average White adults score 17 percentage points higher than Black adults on objective financial knowledge, 14 percentage points higher than Hispanic adults, and 2 percentage points lower than Asian adults. We also estimate that, on average, men score 13 percentage points higher than women on objective financial knowledge. We also provide average racial/ethnic and gender differences in subjective financial, knowledge, and these differences across groups seem much smaller. We provide an overview of possible determinants for these racial/ethnic and gender gaps in financial knowledge. We discuss how stakeholders should leverage research on financial knowledge and directions for future research with the purpose to address racial/ethnic and gender gaps in financial knowledge in the United States.
The Crown must always win: Rethinking authentic leadership through ‘The Crown’ series
Authors: Kark Ronit , Cohen Ben Shalom 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research explores the theory of authentic leadership and the critiques on the theory by analyzing the portrayals of Queen Elizabeth II, Princess Diana, and Margaret Thatcher in season 4 of the Netflix’s series The Crown. Utilizing directed qualitative content analysis, we seek to understand how authenticity in leadership is manifested, its limitations, and the role of gender within this framework. The investigation highlights the challenges leaders face between expected role fulfillment and genuine self-expression. It explores the benefits and drawbacks of authenticity, the attribution of authenticity when the leaders deviate from the formal roles, the nature of the role as influencing the expression of authenticity (e.g., degrees of freedom associated with each role) and the complex interaction between gender and authenticity. In response to these findings, the concept of ‘leader bounded authenticity’ is proposed, suggesting a balance between adhering to the formal role and the display of authentic leadership.
Sedimentologic successions and chronology of the late Pleistocene deposits on the southern Kola Peninsula, northern Europe
Authors: Korsakova Olga , Molodkov Anatoly , Zaretskaya Nataliya , Grigoriev Vasily 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLate Pleistocene deposits in the southern Kola Peninsula, adjacent to the White Sea, evidence the complex alternation between marine transgressions and glacial expansions in northern Europe during successive late Pleistocene warm and cold stages. According to lithostratigraphic and chronological data from key sections, southern Kola Peninsula underwent two phases of the Boreal marine transgression during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5; marine environments, encompassing the very end of MIS 4 and almost the entirety of MIS 3, were also recognized. Age determinations using electron spin resonance (ESR) and infrared optically stimulated luminescence (IR-OSL) techniques reveal marine sediments with ages ranging from 138–128 ka to 72.4 ± 5.6 ka in the Varzuga, Chavanga, Chapoma 1 and 2, and Bolshaya Kumzhevaya sections, indicating initial and second phases of the Boreal transgression. The presence of marine deposits with ages ranging from ca. 59 ka to 37 ka in the Chavanga, Kamenka, Chapoma 2, and Bolshaya Kumzhevaya sections also suggests an accumulation stage in the marine environment. The research material from the studied sections provides evidence of a short glacier expansion into coastal areas of the White Sea during early MIS 4 and a continuous glaciation from the late MIS 3 and throughout MIS 2.
Interest, home environment, and young Chinese children’s development of English as a second/foreign language
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Lau Carrie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The current study examined the relationship between interest, the home environment, and young Chinese children’s development of English as a second/foreign language in Hong Kong. Two hundred and seventy-four Hong Kong kindergartners were assessed on their interest in learning English and their English language skills (i.e., expressive and receptive vocabulary). Their parents completed questionnaires eliciting family socio-economic status, parental beliefs, and home learning environment. The results indicated that (1) interest was related to children’s English language abilities after controlling for children’s gender, non-verbal intelligence, and kindergarten type; (2) parents’ beliefs about their child’s English ability and self-efficacy were related to children’s interest in learning English; and (3) interest uniquely contributed to children’s English language ability in the home environment. The present findings provide evidence of the active role that children play in their second/foreign language development and highlight the significant influence of parental beliefs on children’s interest in learning English.
A bibliometric analysis of research on the variability of precipitation over the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Subramaniam Sanjeef Kumr , Chenoli Sheeba Nettukandy , Cheah Wee , Mohd Nor Mohd Fadzil Firdaus , Chan Karl Johan Johari , Convey Peter , Tan Geok Yuan Annie , Rizman-Idid Mohammed , Alias Siti Aisyah 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRegional warming rates experienced in the Antarctic Peninsula since the mid-twentieth century, linked to global climate change, have been amongst the world's fastest. The majority of studies of change in this region have focused on temperature, and while precipitation is also predicted to change (both in form and quantity) in the models, fewer studies have set out to document and test this prediction. In this study, we examined trends in research publications on precipitation variability over the Antarctic Peninsula from 1990 to 2023 using the Web of Science Core Collection database. A total of 86 relevant papers were retained and used to identify patterns in scientific outputs. VOSviewer and Bibliometrix software packages were used to illustrate the subject content of and trends in publications retrieved by key word analysis. Our findings revealed a positive trend in the number of papers published by year. Within the analysed period, research on precipitation variability in the Antarctic Peninsula region was initiated by a study of Turner and colleagues from 1997. The UK and US research communities were the two largest contributors to this field of Antarctic research globally, with their researchers also holding strong positions within international collaborative networks.
Mercados prehispánicos en el área maya: Algunas precisiones históricas, lingüísticas y etnográficas
Authors: Cobos Rafael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDatos históricos, lingüísticos y etnográficos muestran que, cuando se utilizan para apoyar la existencia de mercados durante la época prehispánica en el área maya, demandan una interpretación más cautelosa y crítica. En este trabajo se argumenta que fue hasta finales del período posclásico cuando las plazas funcionaron exclusivamente como lugares de mercado de forma cotidiana, ya que antes de ese período las plazas fueron los espacios donde se celebraron numerosos eventos sociales donde también ocurrió un intercambio de mercado, aunque de manera periódica. Además, ciertos términos económicos del lenguaje maya sugieren que transacciones de compra y venta, así como el intercambio por trueque, canje o permuta, pudieron haberse utilizado desde el período preclásico en esos acuerdos económicos. Ambos tipos de transacción forman parte de los intercambios de mercado y, en este artículo, se profundiza en la explicación de cómo pudo haber operado el trueque o canje, tomando en cuenta que, hasta hoy día, la permuta de bienes y/o servicios continúa jugando un papel importantísimo en las transacciones económicas que se realizan en diferentes mercados de México. Un tercer tema analizado en el presente artículo se enfoca en mercaderes quienes concurrían o reunían con otros mercaderes en “puertos francos” o centros de comercio o trasbordo para el intercambio de mercancías, ya sea por trueque o por compra y venta. Estos mercaderes parecen haber sido proveedores de productos que pudieron haber vendido al por mayor a otros mercaderes, o bien, los vendieron a otros comerciantes quienes a su vez realizaron ventas al por menor.
Do public-sector employment reductions promote the informal economy?
Authors: Adam Antonis , Moutos Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Using information from all International Monetary Fund conditionality programmes from 1990 to 2018, we implement a dynamic Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting Regression Adjustment approach to enquire whether public-sector employment retrenchment may be incompatible with the goal of shrinking the informal economy. The estimated effect 5 years after the policy intervention indicates an increase in the share of the shadow economy to GDP by about 1.3 percentage points. More importantly, this change involves a sizable reallocation of private economic activity from its formal to its informal part; that is, the size of the formal private sector relative to the size of the informal sector decreases by seven percentage points. We interpret these findings through a two-sector model in which there is interdependence between worker incomes and the allocation of product demand across the formal and informal sectors.
Differentiated Impacts of Central and Eastern Atlantic Niño on Hurricane Activity in the Tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Wang Haili , Wang Chunzai , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecent research highlights the influence of the Atlantic Niño on the likelihood of strong hurricanes forming in the tropical Atlantic. This phenomenon increases the risk of hurricanes impacting the Caribbean islands and the United States. A recent study identifies two distinct types of the Atlantic Niño, with warming concentrated in the central (CA) and eastern (EA) equatorial Atlantic, respectively. By analyzing observational and reanalysis data, we investigated how these two types of the Atlantic Niño affect hurricane activity. The findings reveal that the CA Niño enhances hurricane frequency south of 20°N, while the CA Niña promotes hurricanes north of 20°N. The CA Niño exerts a more significant influence on hurricanes than the EA Niño, primarily by affecting wind shear, relative vorticity, and vertical velocity. In contrast, the EA Niño mainly impacts relative humidity and African Easterly Waves. These insights could improve the accuracy of seasonal hurricane forecasts.
Oceanic Tunnel Controls of Eastern Equatorial Pacific Surface Temperature and Productivity Over the Past 3.6 Myr
Authors: Kimble K. M. , Herbert T. D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRobust modern gradients in sea surface temperature (SST) and biological productivity across the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) Ocean between 80° and 140°W derive from vigorous upwelling of cold and nutrient‐rich waters. However, during the mid‐Pliocene warm period (3.0–3.3 Ma), the zonal SST gradient within the EEP was reduced to <0.5°C while the productivity gradient remained as strong if not stronger than modern. We consider the oceanographic mechanisms and external climate forcings responsible for the evolution of the SST‐productivity coupling. We synthesize existing records and present new reconstructions of alkenone biomarker SST and productivity from four EEP sites. The progressive SST gradient strengthening over the Plio‐Pleistocene contrasted with the stronger Late Pliocene surface productivity gradient relative to modern. Dominance of the oceanic tunnel over surface forcings best explains these observations: SST changes reflect extratropical water masses cooling toward the present while productivity proxies suggest these waters became less nutrient‐rich.
A Global Combination of Geodetic Techniques at the Observation Level: New Perspectives on the Terrestrial Reference Frame
Authors: Haines B. , Bertiger W. , Desai S. , Ellmer M. , Heflin M. , Kuang D. , Lanyi G. , Naudet C. , Peidou A. , Ries P. , Sibois A. , Wu X. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe describe the development and assessment of a new terrestrial reference frame (TRF) based on a combination of geodetic techniques at the observation level over the period 2010–2022. Included in the solution are observations from the Global Positioning System (GPS), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). A key feature of our solution strategy is the use of space ties in low‐Earth orbit to connect SLR to GPS. Though the resulting TRF solution is based on only 12.6 years of data, it is competitive with the international (ITRF2020) standard in terms of fundamental frame parameters (origin and scale) and their temporal evolution, both linear and seasonal. The relative rates of origin (3D) and scale (at Earth's surface) are 0.2 mm and 0.1 mm respectively. Absolute scale and 3D origin (at epoch 2015.0) both differ by 2–3 mm. In addition to station positions and velocities, our combined solution includes Earth orientation parameters (EOP), low‐degree zonal coefficients (J2 and J3) of the geopotential and precise orbit solutions for all participating satellites (GPS, GRACE and GRACE Follow‐on tandems, Jason 2 and 3, and LAGEOS 1 and 2). We discuss potential benefits of our solution strategy and characterize the impacts of our new TRF on estimates of geocenter motion and sea level change from satellite altimetry.
Macrophages promote pre-metastatic niche formation of breast cancer through aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity
Authors: Jiang Xu , Wang Jiaqi , Lin Liangyu , Du Liming , Ding Yayun , Zheng Fanjun , Xie Hongzhen , Wang Yu , Hu Mingyuan , Liu Benming , Xu Muhan , Zhai Jingjie , Wang Xuefeng , Ye Jiayin , Cao Wei , Feng Chao , Feng Jingyi , Hou Zongliu , Meng Mingyao , Qiu Ju , Li Qing , Shi Yufang , Wang Ying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMacrophages that acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype play a crucial role in establishing the pre-metastatic niche (PMN), which is essential for facilitating breast cancer metastasis to distant organs. Our study showed that increased activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in lung macrophages plays a crucial role in establishing the immunosuppressive PMN in breast cancer. Specifically, AHR activation led to high expression of PD-L1 on macrophages by directly binding to the promoter of Pdl1. This upregulation of PD-L1 promoted the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the PMN, further enhancing immunosuppressive conditions. Mice with Ahr conditional deletion in macrophages had reduced lung metastasis of breast cancer. The elevated AHR levels in PMN macrophages were induced by GM-CSF, which was secreted by breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, the activated STAT5 signaling pathway induced by GM-CSF prevented AHR from being ubiquitinated, thereby sustaining its activity in macrophages. In breast cancer patients, the expression of AHR and PD-L1 was correlated with increased Treg cell infiltration, and higher levels of AHR were associated with a poor prognosis. These findings reveal that the crosstalk of breast cancer cells, lung macrophages, and Treg cells via the GM-CSF-STAT5-AHR-PD-L1 cascade modulates the lung pre-metastatic niche during breast cancer progression.
Immunogenic recombinant Mayaro virus-like particles present natively assembled glycoprotein
Authors: Kim Young Chan , Watanabe Yasunori , Arlen-Celina Lücke , Song Xiyong , de Oliveira Souza Raquel , Stass Robert , Azar Sasha R. , Rossi Shannan L. , Claser Carla , Kümmerer Beate Mareike , Crispin Max , Bowden Thomas A. , Huiskonen Juha T. , Reyes-Sandoval Arturo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVirus-like particles (VLPs) are an established vaccine platform and can be strong immunogens capable of eliciting both humoral and cellular immune responses against a range of pathogens. Here, we show by cryo-electron microscopy that VLPs of Mayaro virus, which contain envelope glycoproteins E1-E2 and capsid, exhibit an architecture that closely resembles native virus. In contrast to monomeric and soluble envelope 2 (E2) glycoprotein, both VLPs as well as the adenovirus and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccine platforms expressing the equivalent envelope glycoproteins E1-E2, and capsid induced highly neutralising antibodies after immunisation. The levels of neutralising antibodies elicited by the viral-vectored vaccines of structural proteins and VLPs increased significantly upon boosting. Immunisation of Mayaro virus VLPs in mice with or without an adjuvant (poly:IC) yielded similar levels of neutralising antibodies suggesting that the VLPs may be used for immunisation without the need for an adjuvant. A single or two doses of non-adjuvanted 5 µg of MAYV VLP vaccination provided significant protection against viremia and MAYV-induced foot swelling in the C57BL/6 mouse challenge model. MAYV VLPs represent a non-infectious vaccine candidate, which may constitute a complementary option for future immunisation strategies against this important emerging alphavirus.