bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work experience of tourism and recreation students and the level of social competence. Selected issues
Authors: Alejziak Bożena 
Published: November 2020

The aim of this article is to present results of a study concerning the level of social competences displayed by students of tourism and recreation and how it relates to their work experience. The author hypothesized that the fact of being employed could help to differentiate between different levels of social competences in the student population. Factors such as the length of work experience, positions held, work abroad, internships, and voluntary work were analysed. The study was based on quantitative and qualitative data collected using such tools such as the Social Competence Questionnaire and the Questionnaire for Self-Assessment of Student’s Professional Achievements in order to identify forms of professional activity among the respondents. Full-time students of tourism and recreation were found to have an average level of social competences, and their work experience, considered as a form of social training, did not differentiate between different levels of social competence. No statistically significant correlations were found between the level of social competence and internships at secondary schools, internships at university, work experience in general and in tourism and recreation in particular, and voluntary work. Also, positions held did not differentiate the level of social competence. It could therefore be concluded that the respondents’ work experience was too short to have a measurable effect on the level of their social competences, which take much more time to develop and depend on personal and environmental factors.
Assessment of the current practice of psychiatric pharmacists in the United States
Authors: Silvia Richard J. , Lee Kelly C. , Bostwick Jolene R. , Cobb Carla D. , Goldstone Lisa W. , Moore Tera D. , Payne Gregory H. , Ho Jessica L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction
A comprehensive review of psychiatric pharmacy practice has never been performed in the United States. As psychiatric pharmacists become more involved in mental illness treatment, determining the current state of practice is important to help advance the specialty. The Professional Affairs Committee of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic Pharmacists (CPNP) was charged with performing this review to define current psychiatric pharmacy practice.

Methods
An electronic survey was sent to all pharmacist members of CPNP and all nonmember Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacists (BCPPs) in the United States in late summer 2019. The survey consisted of 36 questions across multiple domains to obtain information about respondents' education and training background, practice setting and type, and information about prescriptive authority and other areas. An initial e-mail invitation was sent along with 2 reminder e-mails over the subsequent 2 weeks.

Results
A total of 334 of 1015 pharmacists completed the survey (32.9%). Responders completed a postgraduate residency 77.8% of the time, and 88.3% were BCPP. Practice settings were split evenly between inpatient and outpatient practices or a combination of the 2. Among respondents, 46.5% reported having prescriptive authority as part of their practice, and 41.3% reported treating nonpsychiatric as well as psychiatric illnesses. Prescriptive authority was more likely in outpatient practices and in those treating nonpsychiatric illnesses.

Discussion
The current practice of psychiatric pharmacy is incredibly varied in terms of practice setting, activities performed, and services provided. Further exploration is needed to help determine the optimal role of psychiatric pharmacists.
Engineering protein fragments via evolutionary and protein–protein interaction algorithms: de novo design of peptide inhibitors for FOF1‐ATP synthase
Authors: Ruiz‐Blanco Yasser B. , Ávila‐Barrientos Luis Pablo , Hernández‐García Enrique , Antunes Agostinho , Agüero‐Chapin Guillermin , García‐Hernández Enrique 
Published: November 2020

Enzyme subunit interfaces have remarkable potential in drug design as both target and scaffold for their own inhibitors. We show an evolution‐driven strategy for the de novo design of peptide inhibitors targeting interfaces of the Escherichia coli FoF1‐ATP synthase as a case study. The evolutionary algorithm ROSE was applied to generate diversity‐oriented peptide libraries by engineering peptide fragments from ATP synthase interfaces. The resulting peptides were scored with PPI‐Detect, a sequence‐based predictor of protein–protein interactions. Two selected peptides were confirmed by in vitro inhibition and binding tests. The proposed methodology can be widely applied to design peptides targeting relevant interfaces of enzymatic complexes.
Proton vs Hyperarc™ radiosurgery: A planning comparison
Authors: Boczkowski A. , Kelly P. , Meeks S. L. , Erhart K. , Bova F. J. , Willoughby T. R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor many patients, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) offers a minimally invasive, curative option when surgical techniques are not possible. To date, the literature supporting the efficacy and safety of SRS treatment techniques uses photon beams. However, with the number of proton therapy facilities exponentially growing and the favorable physical properties of proton beam radiation therapy, there is an opportunity to develop proton therapy techniques for SRS. The goal of this paper is to determine the ability of clinical proton treatment planning systems to model small field dosimetry accurately and to compare various planning metrics used to evaluate photon SRS to determine the optimum beam configurations and settings for proton SRS (PSRS) treatment plans. Once established, these plan settings were used to perform a planning comparison on a variety of different SRS cases and compare SRS metrics between the PSRS plans and HyperArc™ (VMAT) SRS plans.
Ante‐ and postmortem tau in autosomal dominant and late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen Charles D. , Holden Timothy R. , Gordon Brian A. , Franklin Erin E. , Li Yan , Coble Dean W. , Luo Hongbo , Bateman Randall J. ,   for the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) and for the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Trials Unit (DIAN‐TU), Ances Beau M. , Perrin Richard J. , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Cairns Nigel J. , Morris John C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAntemortem tau positron emission tomography imaging suggests elevated tau pathology in autosomal dominant versus late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease at equivalent clinical stages, but does not implicate the specific tau pathologies responsible. Here we made stereological measurements of tau neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and neuropil threads and found compared to late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease, autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease showed even greater tangle and thread burdens. Regional tau burden resembled that observed in tau imaging of a separate cohort at earlier clinical stages. Finally, our results suggest tau imaging measures total tau burden in Alzheimer’s disease, composed predominantly of tangle and thread pathology.
Composite Nanostructure Construction on the Grain Surface of Li‐Rich Layered Oxides
Authors: Wang Errui , Zhao Yang , Xiao Dongdong , Zhang Xu , Wu Tianhao , Wang Boya , Zubair Muhammad , Li Yuqiang , Sun Xueliang , Yu Haijun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLi‐rich layered oxides (LLOs) are fascinating high‐energy cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), but still suffer from critical drawbacks that retard their practical applications. Although surface modification is effective to protect LLOs from structural deterioration, the delicate design of structures on a grain surface with promising scalability for industrial application is still challenging. Herein, using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, a composite nanostructure comprising a uniform LiTaO3 coating layer (≈3 nm) and a spinel interlayer structure (≈1 nm) is constructed on the grain surface of industrial LLO (Li1.13Mn0.517Ni0.256Co0.097O2) agglomerated spheres. The surface composite nanostructure can not only enhance the structural/interfacial stability of the LLO, but also facilitates Li+ diffusion, thereby significantly improving its cycle stability, rate performance, thermal stability, and voltage maintenance. Specifically, the LLO coated with 10 ALD cycles exhibits a small voltage decay rate of 0.9 mV per cycle, a reversible capacity of 272.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, and a capacity retention of 85% after 200 cycles at 1 C, suggesting the important role of surface composite nanostructure for improving the electrochemical performance. This work provides new insights into the composite nanostructure design on the grain surface of cathode materials for high‐performance LIBs.
Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Based Photocatalysts Optimized by Spatially Separated Cocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Jijie , Bai Tianyu , Huang Hui , Yu Mei‐Hui , Fan Xiaobin , Chang Ze , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEfficient charge separation and utilization are critical factors in photocatalysis. Herein, it is demonstrated that the complete spatial separation of oxidation and reduction cocatalysts enhances the efficacy of charge separation and surface reaction. Specifically, a Pt@NH2‐UiO‐66@MnOx (PUM) heterostructured photocatalyst with Pt and MnOx as cocatalysts is designed for the optimization of the NH2‐UiO‐66 photocatalyst. Compared with the pristine NH2‐UiO‐66, Pt@NH2‐UiO‐66 (PU), and NH2‐UiO‐66@MnOx (UM) samples, the PUM sample exhibits the highest hydrogen production activity. As cocatalysts, Pt favors trapping of electrons, while MnOx tends to collect holes. Upon generation from NH2‐UiO‐66, electrons and holes flow inward and outward of the metal–organic framework photocatalyst, accumulating on the corresponding cocatalysts, and then take part in the redox reactions. The PUM photocatalyst greatly prolongs the lifetime of the photogenerated electrons and holes, which favors the electron–hole separation. Furthermore, the PUM sample facilitates overall water splitting in the absence of sacrificial agents, thereby demonstrating its potential as a modification method of MOF‐type semiconductors for the overall water‐splitting reaction.
Creating Synergy of Microporous Hydrophilic–Organophilic Surfaces in Zeolite@Nano‐Titania Particles for Rapid Removal of Diverse Pollutants in Water
Authors: Shaw Ruchi , Madan Shubhangi , Tiwari Sangeeta , Tiwari Sandeep Kumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present work reports the synergy between microporous titania (hydrophilic surface) and zeolite (organophilic surface) through coating of nano‐titania particles in multilayers on zeolite (Ze) surface (Ze‐TiO2 core‐shell particles). The microporous hydrophilic shell, by virtue of its high wetting properties and van der Waals forces, attracts solvated analytes from water causing rapid diffusion across the solid–liquid interface. The stronger ionic/organophilic attraction by the core (zeolite) enables the pollutants from shell to migrate to the core leaving shell deficient for further adsorption. It establishes a continuous flow of analytes from bulk to the core through favorably charged hydrophilic layers of anatase TiO2 till the high‐capacity zeolite is completely adsorbed. Porous layers of TiO2 (shell) introduce rapid physiosorption of analytes while chemisorption mechanism is retained by zeolite core as confirmed by kinetic and isotherm studies on adsorption of heavy metal ion (Pb(II)) and organic dye (methylene blue). The mechanism of adsorption is substantiated by intraparticle diffusion model. The material holds promise as multifunctional adsorbent for rapid and efficient removal of diverse pollutants from water.
Bio‐Inspired Conformable and Helical Soft Fabric Gripper with Variable Stiffness and Touch Sensing
Authors: Hoang Trung Thien , Phan Phuoc Thien , Thai Mai Thanh , Lovell Nigel H. , Do Thanh Nho 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere are many instances in nature where continuum, helical manipulators are used to efficiently grasp different objects with various shapes and sizes. Inspired by nature, this paper introduces a continuum, flat, scalable, helical soft‐fabric robotic gripper that is thin and lightweight with stiffness tunability and sensory feedback. The gripper is fabricated by a facile method of simple insertion using a computerized technique from apparel engineering and controlled by a miniature hydraulic source to grasp different objects at different scales and weights. It uses a thermally activated variable stiffness structure (VSS) for high load capacity that can complete a softening‐stiffening cycle within 24 s, which is among the fastest results reported so far. In addition, a highly stretchable liquid metal‐based soft sensor with an enhanced sensing sensitivity (15 times more sensitive compared to conventional designs) is embedded into the gripper to provide real‐time touch sensing. The gripper successfully grasped various objects of different geometries and weights (up to 220 times of its mass) and retrieved them from confined hollow spaces. Its excellent performance and versatility make it an ideal candidate for various domains, including industry, exploration, rescue, and other applications in confined and hazardous environments such as gas/oil or drainage sectors.
Prodrug‐Loaded Zirconium Carbide Nanosheets as a Novel Biophotonic Nanoplatform for Effective Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Liu Quan , Xie Zhongjian , Qiu Meng , Shim Inseob , Yang Yunlong , Xie Sisi , Yang Qinhe , Wang Dou , Chen Shiyou , Fan Taojian , Ding Bo , Guo Ziheng , Adah Dickson , Yao Xinhuang , Zhang Yuhua , Wu Hong , Wu Zongze , Wei Chaoying , Wang Hongzhong , Kim Hyeong Seok , Zou Qingshuang , Yan Qiaoting , Cai Zhen , Kim Jong Seung , Liu Li‐Ping , Zhang Han , Cao Yihai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConventional chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) face many major challenges, including systemic toxicity, low bioavailability, ineffective tissue penetration, chemotherapy/hyperthermia‐induced inflammation, and tumor angiogenesis. A versatile nanomedicine offers an exciting opportunity to circumvent the abovementioned limitations for their successful translation into clinical practice. Here, a promising biophotonic nanoplatform is developed based on the zirconium carbide (ZrC) nanosheet as a deep PTT‐photosensitizer and on‐demand designed anticancer prodrug SN38‐Nif, which is released and activated by photothermia and tumor‐overexpressed esterase. In vitro and in vivo experimental evidence shows the potent anticancer effects of the integrated ZrC@prodrug biophotonic nanoplatform by specifically targeting malignant cells, chemotherapy/hyperthermia‐induced tumor inflammation, and angiogenesis. In mouse models, the ZrC@prodrug system markedly inhibits tumor recurrence, metastasis, inflammation and angiogenesis. The findings unravel a promising biophotonic strategy for precision treatment of cancer.
Growing Perovskite Quantum Dots on Carbon Nanotubes for Neuromorphic Optoelectronic Computing
Authors: Li Jinxin , Dwivedi Priyanka , Kumar Kowsik Sambath , Roy Tania , Crawford Kaitlyn E. , Thomas Jayan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBrain‐inspired (neuromorphic) computing that offers lower energy consumption and parallelism (simultaneous processing and memorizing) compared to von Neumann computing provides excellent opportunities in many computational tasks ranging from image recognition to speech processing. To accomplish neuromorphic computing, highly efficient optoelectronic synapses, which can be the building blocks of optoelectronic neuromorphic computers, are necessary. Currently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), an attractive candidate to develop circuit‐level photonic synapses, provide weak light responses. The inferior photoresponse of CNTs increases the energy consumption of neuromorphic optoelectronic devices. Herein, a method to grow organic–inorganic halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) directly on multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs) to increase the photosensitivity of optoelectronic synapses is demonstrated. The new hybrid material synchronizes the high photoresponse of PQDs and the excellent electrical properties of MWCNTs to provide photonic memory under very low light intensity (125 µW cm−2). However, neat MWCNTs do not show any detectable light response at the tested light intensity, as high as 25 mW cm−2. Since the PQDs are grown directly on and in the MWCNTs, the hybrid PQD‐MWCNT provides a new direction for the future MWCNT‐based optoelectronic devices for neuromorphic computing with a potential to break the von Neumann bottleneck.
Impacts of Minority Charge Carrier Injection on the Negative Capacitance, Steady‐State Current, and Transient Current of a Single‐Layer Organic Semiconductor Device
Authors: Moon Chang‐Ki , Choi Ja‐Yun , Han Yoonjay , Lee Chang‐Heon , Kim Jang‐Joo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpace charge limited current theory is often used to analyze electrical characteristics of single‐layer organic semiconductor devices using Ohmic and Schottky contacts for injection of majority and minority carriers, respectively. However, significant deviations from this theory in the current density–voltage and capacitance–frequency characteristics of the devices have been frequently observed. For instance, the increase in current density is not proportional to the voltage‐square and the capacitance becomes negative at low frequencies. Here, it is presented that the minority carriers in a single‐layer device despite a large Schottky barrier give rise to the negative capacitance at low frequencies and the drastic increase in steady‐state current density at high voltages. The leaky electrons at the hole‐dominant device are demonstrated by inserting an electron scavenger layer. The transient current of the device shows the injection and transport properties of electrons by low and dispersive mobility. The negative capacitance of the device at low frequencies is a response of the minority carrier injection. The current density increases drastically at high voltages due to the increasing minority carriers that redistribute the electric field, which is not shown at low voltages. Finally, the device model incorporating minority charge carriers fully describes the electrical characteristics of the device.
Human neonates prefer colostrum to mature milk: Evidence for an olfactory bias toward the “initial milk”?
Authors: Klaey‐Tassone Magali , Durand Karine , Damon Fabrice , Heyers Katrin , Mezrai Nawel , Patris Bruno , Sagot Paul , Soussignan Robert , Schaal Benoist ,   the MILKODOR Consortium
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesColostrum is the initial milk secretion which ingestion by neonates warrants their adaptive start in life. Colostrum is accordingly expected to be attractive to newborns. The present study aims to assess whether colostrum is olfactorily attractive for 2‐day‐old newborns when presented against mature milk or a control.MethodsThe head‐orientation of waking newborns was videotaped in three experiments pairing the odors of: (a) colostrum (sampled on postpartum day 2, not from own mother) and mature milk (sampled on average on postpartum day 32, not from own mother) (n tested newborns = 15); (b) Colostrum and control (water; n = 9); and (c) Mature milk and control (n = 13).ResultsWhen facing the odors of colostrum and mature milk, the infants turned their nose significantly longer toward former (32.8 vs 17.7% of a 120‐s test). When exposed to colostrum against the control, they responded in favor of colostrum (32.9 vs 16.6%). Finally, when the odor of mature milk was presented against the control, their response appeared undifferentiated (26.7 vs 28.6%).ConclusionsThese results indicate that human newborns can olfactorily differentiate conspecific lacteal fluids sampled at different lactation stages. They prefer the odor of the mammary secretion ‐ colostrum ‐ collected at the lactation stage that best matches the postpartum age of their own mother. These results are discussed in the context of the earliest mother‐infant chemo‐communication. Coinciding maternal emission and offspring reception of chemosignals conveyed in colostrum may be part of the sensory precursors of attunement between mothers and infants.
Validating plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 as a poor prognostic factor in sepsis
Authors: Hoshino Kota , Nakashio Maiko , Maruyama Junichi , Irie Yuhei , Kawano Yasumasa , Ishikura Hiroyasu 
Published: November 2020

AimOur previous report indicated that plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) levels of ≥83 ng/mL in patients with sepsis tended to be associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), suppressed fibrinolysis, multiple organ dysfunction, and mortality. Therefore, the present study aimed to validate whether 83 ng/mL was a useful cut‐off value for using PAI‐1 levels to predict a poor prognosis in sepsis.MethodsPatients with sepsis were included in this single‐center retrospective study. The patients were classified as having high or low PAI‐1 values (<83 ng/mL versus ≥83 ng/mL), and were compared in terms of their pre‐DIC state, intensive care unit‐free days, continuous renal replacement therapy‐free days, ventilator‐free days, catecholamine‐free days, and 28‐day survival rate.ResultsThe high PAI‐1 group included 61 patients (54%) and the low PAI‐1 group included 52 patients (46%). The high PAI‐1 group had significantly higher frequencies of a pre‐DIC state within 1 week (P = 0.009). There was no significant difference in ventilator‐free days. However, the high PAI‐1 group had significantly lower values for intensive care unit‐free days (P = 0.01), continuous renal replacement therapy‐free days (P = 0.02), and catecholamine‐free days (P = 0.02). The high PAI‐1 group also had a significantly lower 28‐day survival rate based on the Kaplan–Meier analysis (log–rank, P = 0.03).ConclusionPatients with sepsis and PAI‐1 levels of ≥83 ng/mL had elevated risks of coagulopathy, organ failure, and mortality. Thus, these results suggest that 83 ng/mL could be a useful cut‐off value for prognostication based on PAI‐1 levels in this setting.
Therapeutic efficacy for traumatic asphyxia with a focus on cardiac arrest
Authors: Kikuta Shota , Ishihara Satoshi , Kai Soichiro , Nakayama Haruki , Matsuyama Shigenari , Kawase Tetsunori , Nakayama Shinichi 
Published: November 2020

AimTo investigate the clinical features of traumatic asphyxia, specifically the presence of cardiac arrest and therapeutic efficacy. This review will be useful for future emergencies.MethodsSixteen traumatic asphyxia cases from our hospital between April 2007 and March 2019 were reviewed and divided into three groups: those experiencing cardiac arrest at the time of rescue (group A, six cases), those experiencing cardiac arrest after rescue (group B, five cases), and those who did not experience cardiac arrest (group C, five cases).ResultsAll cases had abnormal findings in the skin or conjunctiva. The total mortality rate reached 56%. Among the 11 cases in groups A and B that resulted in cardiac arrest, 10 had an Injury Severity Score of 16 or higher and an Abbreviated Injury Scale score in the chest of 3 or higher. The patients’ injuries included pneumothorax, flail chest, and pericardial hematoma. The heartbeat was restarted in seven cases, and two cases completely recovered.ConclusionIn some traumatic asphyxia cases, the treatment course was relatively effective even with cardiac arrest; thus, life support efforts should not be spared in such cases.