bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Biomimetic, Copolymeric Membrane for Cell‐Stretch Experiments with Pulmonary Epithelial Cells at the Air‐Liquid Interface
Authors: Doryab Ali , Taskin Mehmet Berat , Stahlhut Philipp , Schröppel Andreas , Wagner Darcy E. , Groll Jürgen , Schmid Otmar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChronic respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide, but only symptomatic therapies are available for terminal illness. This in part reflects a lack of biomimetic in vitro models that can imitate the complex environment and physiology of the lung. Here, a copolymeric membrane consisting of poly(ε‐)caprolactone and gelatin with tunable properties, resembling the main characteristics of the alveolar basement membrane is introduced. The thin bioinspired membrane (≤5 μm) is stretchable (up to 25% linear strain) with appropriate surface wettability and porosity for culturing lung epithelial cells under air–liquid interface conditions. The unique biphasic concept of this membrane provides optimum characteristics for initial cell growth (phase I) and then switch to biomimetic properties for cyclic cell‐stretch experiments (phase II). It is showed that physiologic cyclic mechanical stretch improves formation of F‐actin cytoskeleton filaments and tight junctions while non‐physiologic over‐stretch induces cell apoptosis, activates inflammatory response (IL‐8), and impairs epithelial barrier integrity. It is also demonstrated that cyclic physiologic stretch can enhance the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Since this membrane offers considerable advantages over currently used membranes, it may lead the way to more biomimetic in vitro models of the lung for translation of in vitro response studies into clinical outcome.
Emerging Plasmonic Assemblies Triggered by DNA for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhu Rong , Li Juan , Lin Lisen , Song Jibin , Yang Huanghao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlasmonic gold nanocrystal represents plasmonic metal nanomaterials, and has a variety of unique and beneficial properties, such as optical signal enhancement, catalytic activity, and photothermal properties tuned by local temperature, which are useful in physical, chemical, and biological applications. In addition, the inherent properties of predictable programmability, sequence specificity, and structural plasticity provide DNA nanostructures with precise controllability, spatial addressability, and targeting recognition, serving as ideal ligands to link or position building blocks during the self‐assembly process. Self‐assembly is a common technique for the organization of prefabricated and discrete nanoparticle blocks for the construction of extremely sophisticated nanocomposites. To this end, the integration of DNA nanotechnology with Au nanomaterials, followed by assembly of DNA‐functionalized Au nanomaterials can form novel functional Au nanomaterials that are difficult to obtain through conventional methods. Here, recent progress in DNA‐assembled Au nanostructures of various shapes is summarized, and their functions are discussed. The fabrication strategies that employ DNA for the self‐assembly of Au nanostructures, including dimers, tetramers, satellites, nanochains, and other nanostructures with more complex geometric configurations are first described. Then, the characteristic optical properties and applications of biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and therapy are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects are elucidated.
Understanding Microscopic Operating Mechanisms of a van der Waals Planar Ferroelectric Memristor
Authors: Gabel Matthew , Gu Yi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFerroelectric memristors represent a promising new generation of devices that have a wide range of applications in memory, digital information processing, and neuromorphic computing. Recently, van der Waals ferroelectric In2Se3 with unique interlinked out‐of‐plane and in‐plane polarizations has enabled multidirectional resistance switching, providing unprecedented flexibility in planar and vertical device integrations. However, the operating mechanisms of these devices have remained unclear. Here, through the demonstration of van der Waals In2Se3‐based planar ferroelectric memristors with the device resistance continuously tunable over three orders of magnitude, and by correlating device resistance states, ferroelectric domain configurations, and surface electric potential, the studies reveal that the resistive switching is controlled by the multidomain formations and the associated energy barriers between domains, as opposed to the commonly assumed Schottky barrier modulations at the metal‐ferroelectric interface. The findings reveal new device physics through elucidating the microscopic operating mechanisms of this new generation of devices, and provide a critical guide for future device development and integration efforts.
Redox Targeting‐Based Thermally Regenerative Electrochemical Cycle Flow Cell for Enhanced Low‐Grade Heat Harnessing
Authors: Zhang Hang , Zhang Feifei , Yu Juezhi , Zhou Mingyue , Luo Wei , Lee Yann Mei , Si Mayan , Wang Qing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA large amount of low‐grade heat (<100 °C) is produced in electrical devices and mostly wasted. This type of heat without effective dissipation also causes compromised device performance, reliability, and lifespan. To tackle these issues, a redox targeting (RT)‐based flow cell with judiciously designed thermoelectrically active redox materials is demonstrated for the first time for efficient heat‐to‐electricity conversion through a thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle (TREC). Compared with the conventional TREC systems, the RT‐based flow cell not only reveals considerably enhanced thermoelectric efficiency, but the flow of redox fluids also provides a cooling function to the system. In this work, solid material Ni0.2Co0.8(OH)2 and redox mediator [Fe(CN)6]4−/3−, both of which have negative temperature coefficient and share identical redox potential, are paired via RT‐reactions to boost the capacity and meanwhile thermoelectric efficiency of a [Fe(CN)6]4−/3−/Zn0/2+‐based flow cell. Upon operating over the TREC cycle, the RT‐based flow cell converts heat to electricity at an unprecedented absolute thermoelectric efficiency of 3.61% in the temperature range of 25–55 °C.
Multifunctional Nanostructure RAP‐RL Rescues Alzheimer's Cognitive Deficits through Remodeling the Neurovascular Unit
Authors: Zhang Qian , Song Qingxiang , Gu Xiao , Zheng Mengna , Wang Antian , Jiang Gan , Huang Meng , Chen Huan , Qiu Yu , Bo Bin , Tong Shanbao , Shao Rong , Li Binyin , Wang Gang , Wang Hao , Hu Yongbo , Chen Hongzhuan , Gao Xiaoling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCerebrovascular dysfunction characterized by the neurovascular unit (NVU) impairment contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a cerebrovascular‐targeting multifunctional lipoprotein‐biomimetic nanostructure (RAP‐RL) constituted with an antagonist peptide (RAP) of receptor for advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE), monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside, and apolipoprotein E3 is developed to recover the functional NVU and normalize the cerebral vasculature. RAP‐RL accumulates along the cerebral microvasculature through the specific binding of RAP to RAGE, which is overexpressed on cerebral endothelial cells in AD. It effectively accelerates the clearance of perivascular Aβ, normalizes the morphology and functions of cerebrovasculature, and restores the structural integrity and functions of NVU. RAP‐RL markedly rescues the spatial learning and memory in APP/PS1 mice. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of the multifunctional nanostructure RAP‐RL as a disease‐modifying modality for AD treatment and provides the proof of concept that remodeling the functional NVU may represent a promising therapeutic approach toward effective intervention of AD.
Lifetime prevalence of mental illness and incarceration: An analysis by gender and Indigenous status
Authors: Stewart Anna , Ogilvie James M. , Thompson Carleen , Dennison Susan , Allard Troy , Kisely Steve , Broidy Lisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndividuals with mental illness are overrepresented in custodial settings. We examine the overlap between incarceration and diagnosed mental illness in a population‐based cohort born in Queensland in 1990. Data were extracted when the cohort was 23 or 24 years old. The population included 44,952 individuals (6.3 per cent Indigenous Australians, 45.8 per cent male), of which 1.5 per cent (n = 690) had at least one custodial sentence, and 6.1 per cent (n = 2,723) had at least one inpatient mental health diagnosis. Most individuals (91.5 per cent) with a mental health diagnosis did not have a custodial sentence. However, a substantial proportion of individuals (33.6 per cent) with a custodial sentence also had an inpatient mental health diagnosis. When examined by gender and Indigenous status, clear patterns emerged. Indigenous Australians were overrepresented in both the mental health and prison systems. Females with a custodial sentence were more likely than males to have a mental health diagnosis. Our analysis highlights the vulnerability of individuals with mental illness within the prison system.
A Functional Chemiluminescent Probe for in Vivo Imaging of Natural Killer Cell Activity Against Tumours
Authors: Scott Jamie I. , Gutkin Sara , Green Ori , Thompson Emily J. , Kitamura Takanori , Shabat Doron , Vendrell Marc 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are immune cells that can kill certain types of cancer cells. Adoptive transfer of NK cells represents a promising immunotherapy for malignant tumours; however, there is a lack of methods to validate anti‐tumour activity of NK cells in vivo. Herein, we report a new chemiluminescent probe to image in situ the granzyme B‐mediated killing activity of NK cells against cancer cells. We have optimised a granzyme B‐specific construct using an activatable phenoxydioxetane reporter so that enzymatic cleavage of the probe results in bright chemiluminescence. The probe shows high selectivity for active granzyme B over other proteases and higher signal‐to‐noise ratios than commercial fluorophores. Finally, we demonstrate that the probe can detect NK cell activity in mouse models, being the first chemiluminescent probe for in vivo imaging of NK cell activity in live tumours.
Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological activities of new cyanopyridine derivatives containing phenylurea
Authors: Gezegen Hayreddin , Gürdere Meliha B. , Dinçer Ayşegül , Özbek Oğuz , Koçyiğit Ümit M. , Taslimi Parham , Tüzün Burak , Budak Yakup , Ceylan Mustafa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new class of cyanopyridine derivatives (10a–eand11a–e) containing the phenylurea unit was synthesized and tested against some metabolic enzymes including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α‐glycosidase (α‐Gly). The new cyanopyridine derivatives showedKivalues in the range of 40.73 ± 6.54 to 87.05 ± 16.98 µM against AChE, 29.17 ± 4.88 to 124.03 ± 22.43 µM against BChE, and 3.66 ± 0.93 to 26.33 ± 5.05 µM against α‐Gly. These inhibition effects were compared with standard enzyme inhibitors like tacrine (for AChE and BChE) and acarbose (for α‐Gly). Also, these cyanopyridine derivatives with the best inhibition score were docked into the active site of the indicated metabolic enzymes. Finally, molecular docking calculations were made to compare the biological activities of the compounds against AChE (−8.81 kcal/mol for molecule11d), BChE (−3.52 kcal/mol for molecule11d), and α‐Gly (−2.98 kcal/mol for molecule11a). After molecular docking calculations, the ADME/T analysis was performed to examine the future drug use properties of the new cyanopyridine derivatives containing phenylurea.
Investigation of tyrosinase enzyme (from mushroom) inhibitory activities and antioxidant properties of new fluorine‐containing phthalocyanines
Authors: Farajzadeh Nazli , Sağlam Özgül , Akin Mustafa , Saki Neslihan , Koçak Makbule B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA series of new peripherally or nonperipherally substituted phthalocyanines bearing 4‐(trifluoromethoxy)thiophenyl groups was synthesized. In addition, a new metal‐free phthalocyanine bearing 4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy on the nonperipheral position was prepared. The resulting phthalocyanines were characterized using some spectroscopic techniques such as1H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, together with elemental analysis. When the tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activities of the synthesized phthalocyanines were examined, molecules2band3bshowed an inhibitory activity against the enzyme with IC50values of 176.2 ± 0.65 and 284.4 ± 1.03, respectively. The inhibition types of the molecules and standard inhibitor kojic acid were found as competitive for2b, mixed for1band kojic acid, and uncompetitive for3b. Antioxidant activities were also assessed by using 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays, and the molecules showed moderate antioxidant activities.
Shape‐Induced Kinetics Enhancement in Layered P2‐Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 Porous Microcuboids Enables High Energy/Power Sodium‐Ion Full Battery
Authors: Peng Bo , Sun Zhihao , Zhao Liping , Zeng Suyuan , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractP2‐type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 cathode material generally suffers from poor cycling and rate performance due to fiercely phase variation and low Na+ diffusion kinetic. Although efforts have been made to promote the electrochemical properties through ionic doping, the specific capacity reduction in most cases since the doped cations are electrochemical inactive cannot be neglected. Recently, some pioneering work have demonstrated that the advanced morphological design could significantly improve Na+ intercalation kinetics. But rare researches devote to improving the electrochemical performance on P2‐type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 through morphological manipulation. Herein, unique one‐dimensional P2‐type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 porous microcuboids with abundantly exposed {010} facets have been well designed via a simple one‐pot strategy. Due to the reasonable material design, it demonstrates unprecedented electrochemical performances. Particularly, it can deliver high rate performance with 122.1 mAh g−1 at 5 C, extraordinary cycle life with a capacity retention of 94.6 % after 1500 cycles at 5 C. More importantly, prototype sodium ion full cell could achieve state‐of‐the‐art power density of 1383.1 W kg−1 with high energy density of 84.7 Wh kg−1. The underlying mechanism of enhanced electrochemical properties of this well‐designed material has been deciphered through dynamic analysis, in‐situ X‐ray diffraction and structural analysis after cycling.
A simple method to determine antioxidant status in aromatic plants subjected to drought stress
Authors: Chiappero Julieta , Cappellari Lorena del Rosario , Palermo Tamara Belen , Giordano Walter , Banchio Erika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDrought is a major environmental stress factor that affects the growth and development of plants. All plants have to maintain the reactive oxygen species within certain levels for normal cellular homeostasis by means of their antioxidant systems, which can be classified as enzymatic and non‐enzymatic. Plants under drought stress generate an excess production of reactive oxygen species. At high concentrations, this can be detrimental by producing damage to the protein structures and inhibiting enzymes, as well as oxidizing macromolecules, which may eventually lead to cell death. There has been increasing attention paid to the antioxidant capacity of aromatic/medicinal plants, with a high antioxidant content having been reported in some plant extracts, such as in Mentha piperita (peppermint). Peppermint plants cultivated under drought stress also present high levels of phenolic compounds, peroxidase enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation of membranes. A simple and inexpensive laboratory class is proposed for teaching some mechanisms that plants have evolved to avoid reactive oxygen species damage. The series of lab experiments described is aimed at demonstrating the antioxidant status in aromatic plants subjected to drought stress, by measuring total phenolic compound content (non‐enzymatic antioxidant compound), peroxidase activity (enzymatic antioxidant) and malondialdehyde, as convenient biomarkers for lipid peroxidation. The proposed class will be carried out by undergraduate students of the advanced biochemistry course, as part of our biology and agronomy studies. The experiment presented is intended to be used as a vehicle to emphasize the concepts that students have learned in their lectures. This lab exercise to be carried out by the students has dual goals: to apply a methodology only learned superficially on previous courses, and also to increase their understanding of how plants developed resistance mechanisms in order to tolerate drought stress.
Novel Bioactive Polyketides Isolated from Marine Actinomycetes: An Update Review from 2013 to 2019
Authors: Lu Silei , Wang Jiangming , Sheng Ruilong , Fang Yiwen , Guo Ruihua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMarine organism‐associated actinobacteria represent a valuable resource for marine drugs due to their abundant secondary metabolites. The special environments in the ocean, for instance, high salt, high pressure, low temperature and oligotrophy, not only adapt to survival of actinomycetes but also enhance molecular diversity of actinomycete secondary metabolites production, thus making marine actinomycetes important sources of marine‐based bioactive compounds, especially polyketides. Herein, we summarized the structures and pharmacological activities of polyketides from actinobacteria associated with marine organisms from 2013 to 2019; moreover, the main source species of actinomycetes were discussed as well. We expected that this review would be helpful for future in‐depth research and development of marine‐based bioactive polyketides.
Ticagrelor monotherapy: When is mono‐antiplatelet therapy (MAPT) equivalent or better?
Authors: Ashley Kellan E. , Hillegass William B. 
Published: December 2020

Key Points
Ischemic and bleeding events portend equivalently poor prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Risk factors for these untoward events largely overlap limiting the “decoupling” of bleeding and ischemic risk.
While individual patient risk scores inform the duration of guideline recommended dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to strike the optimal balance between ischemic and bleeding risk, a promising additional approach is to tailor the regimens themselves.
In higher risk patients, 1 month of aspirin plus ticagrelor followed by 23 months of ticagrelor monotherapy has equivalent bleeding and numerically improved ischemic risk than standard DAPT for 12 months followed by aspirin monotherapy in the GLOBAL LEADERS trial. In the TWILIGHT study of high ischemic and bleeding risk patients, 12 months of ticagrelor monotherapy had lower bleeding risk with equivalent ischemic risk as DAPT after 3 months of successful DAPT.
Individual risk scores should be developed informing both optimal antiplatelet regimen such as ticagrelor monotherapy and treatment duration after PCI.
Distal (dorsal) radial access: Approaching acceptability for a backdoor approach to the arterial system
Authors: Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: December 2020

Key Points
Published data on distal radial access has increased since its introduction via the Internet several years ago.
Based on reports of over 4,000 procedures the success with the distal radial approach appears to be similar to that of tradition radial when good pulses are available.
The distal radial approach may have advantages with preservation of radial artery function after catheterization.
Developing guidance templates and terminology to support multiple traceability objectives in the grain supply chain
Authors: Sharma Richa , Hurburgh Charles , Mosher Gretchen A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesGrain traceability is a multifaceted activity that aims to streamline supply chain operations, from farm to fork. Traceability involves several supply chain participants and takes into account the nature of their business(s). Implementing traceability in a supply chain system requires efforts from several parties in documenting the necessary data from supply chain processes or events. Food regulations and standards such as ISO 22000:2018 and ISO 220005:2007 provide an architecture for implementing traceability in food and feed establishments, but it fails to develop a concrete stepwise methodological traceability framework. The primary objective of this study was to create guidance documents for the application of traceability in the grain supply chain.FindingsThe minimum traceability requirement is to document the record of “one step up, one step down” but to effectively trace and track grain, more information is necessary. Therefore, this study developed a methodological guidance on what and how information needs to be captured to consider traceability for an entire grain supply chain system.ConclusionsIn practice, the approach of defining and documenting information as a measure to trace and track processes in a supply chain has proven to be successful in achieving various traceability objectives such as chain of custody, grain safety, quality, documentation, comply with regulations, and brand protection. This paper presents an information‐based traceability system as a collaborative effort of various supply chain participants which keeps a record of both material and information flow, across and within the supply chain system.Significance and noveltyManagement of grain traceability in a bulk commodity handling system is challenging because of comingling, which can easily compromise grain safety and quality. Several regulatory agencies in the United States and worldwide have set rules and guidelines to improve supply chain management operations. Grain traceability is one of the important components of the rulemaking involved in managing the grain supply chain.
CO as a Probe Molecule to Study Surface Adsorbates during Electrochemical Oxidation of Propene
Authors: Winiwarter Anna , Boyd Michael J. , Scott Soren B. , Higgins Drew C. , Seger Brian , Chorkendorff Ib , Jaramillo Thomas F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA major challenge in the electrochemical oxidation of hydrocarbons is understanding the formation of intermediate species, some of which continue to react, while others are non‐reactive or poisonous species that block adsorption of further reactants. Herein we investigate the identity and behavior of adsorbates formed during partial oxidation of propene. We employ two techniques: Electrochemistry‐Mass Spectrometry (EC‐MS) and Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR). In both cases, we use CO as a probe molecule, to perturb the ad‐layer of propene intermediates. In the EC‐MS experiments, propene and its intermediates were quantified by triggering their desorption via displacement with CO. We show evidence for at least two distinct classes of propene adsorbates, via CO displacement and electrochemical stripping. A redshift in the ν(C−O) mode was observed, during IR spectroscopy, reflecting the chemical environment arising from strongly bound propene intermediates.