bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal ammonium excess induces ROS-mediated reactions and causes carbon scarcity in rice
Authors: Yang Shunying , Hao Dongli , Jin Man , Li Yi , Liu Zengtai , Huang Yanan , Chen Tianxiang , Su Yanhua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Overuse of nitrogen fertilizers is often a major practice to ensure sufficient nitrogen demand of high–yielding rice, leading to persistent NH4+ excess in the plant. However, this excessive portion of nitrogen nutrient does not correspond to further increase in grain yields. For finding out the main constraints related to this phenomenon, the performance of NH4+ excess in rice plant needs to be clearly addressed beyond the well-defined root growth adjustment. The present work isolates an acute NH4+ excess condition in rice plant from causing any measurable growth change and analyses the initial performance of such internal NH4+ excess.

Results
We demonstrate that the acute internal NH4+ excess in rice plant accompanies readily with a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and initiates the downstream reactions. At the headstream of carbon production, photon caption genes and the activity of primary CO2 fixation enzymes (Rubisco) are evidently suppressed, indicating a reduction in photosynthetic carbon income. Next, the vigorous induction of glutathione transferase (GST) genes and enzyme activities along with the rise of glutathione (GSH) production suggest the activation of GSH cycling for ROS cleavage. Third, as indicated by strong induction of glycolysis / glycogen breakdown related genes in shoots, carbohydrate metabolisms are redirected to enhance the production of energy and carbon skeletons for the cost of ROS scavenging. As the result of the development of these defensive reactions, a carbon scarcity would accumulatively occur and lead to a growth inhibition. Finally, a sucrose feeding cancels the ROS burst, restores the activity of Rubisco and alleviates the demand for the activation of GSH cycling.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that acute NH4+ excess accompanies with a spontaneous ROS burst and causes carbon scarcity in rice plant. Therefore, under overuse of N fertilizers carbon scarcity is probably a major constraint in rice plant that limits the performance of nitrogen.
Case report: postpartum cerebral venous thrombosis misdiagnosed as postdural puncture headache
Authors: Oh Mi K. , Ryu Jae H. , Jeon Woo J. , Lee Chang W. , Cho Sang Y. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Cerebral venous thrombosis can be a fatal complication of the postpartum period. Pregnancy is known to be a risk factor for thromboembolism in itself.

Case presentation
A normal spontaneous vaginal delivery was planned for a 20-year-old primigravida patient with patient-controlled epidural analgesia. Next morning, the patient complained of an occipital headache. An epidural blood patch was performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose with 10 ml of autologous blood. That night, she had an episode of seizures. Endotracheal intubation was done to secure the airway. She was transferred to an intensive care unit. Brain CT angiography and MRI showed superior sagittal sinus thrombosis with acute infarct and mild subarachnoid haemorrhage. For cerebral venous thrombosis treatment, heparin was injected and for intracranial pressure control, a hypertonic solution was injected. Despite this medical treatment, intracranial pressure continued to rise. The next day, her mental state changed to stupor. Emergency decompressive craniectomy was performed. Her mental state improved rapidly after surgery. A week later, she was transferred to a general ward. Her health recovered and she was discharged.

Conclusions
We experienced postpartum cerebral venous thrombosis misdiagnosed as postdural puncture headache. We hope that this case report would be helpful in situation which a postpartum young woman complains severe headache in spite of management for headache including autologous epidural blood patch.
Anxiety and depression in patients who undergo a cerebrovascular procedure
Authors: Lombardo Lauren , Shaw Richard , Sayles Kathleen , Altschul Dorothea 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Observe the relationship of anxiety and depression on quality of life outcomes after open and endovascular cerebrovascular procedures.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 349 patients who underwent a procedure for aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, carotid stenosis, acute stroke, and conventional catheter angiogram over three years at a community hospital. We correlated pre-procedural anxiety and depression with Global Physical Health, Global Mental Health, and Modified Rankin Scale scores. We performed univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses adjusting for past medical history and sociodemographic factors.

Results
Anxiety or depression occurred in 18 % of patients. Patients with anxiety or depression were more likely to be female (81% vs 60.8%; p = 0.002) and younger (54 vs. 59 years old; p = 0.025). The groups did not differ in type or urgency of procedure, smoking or history of diabetes. Patients with anxiety or depression reported lower mental health scores at 30 days (45.1 vs 48.2; p = 0.002) post-procedure. In multivariate analyses, anxious or depressed patients had worse mental health scores at 30 days (t = − 2.893; p = 0.008) than those who did not have a history of anxiety or depression. There was no difference between groups in length of stay, mortality, physical health t-scores, functionality scores, or six month quality of life outcomes.

Conclusions
Patients undergoing cerebrovascular procedures who self-reported anxiety or depression showed a significant difference in mental health outcomes at 30 days, but six month mental health and other medical and functional outcomes measures were similar to patients without these diagnoses.
Comprehensive routine diagnostic screening to identify predictive mutations, gene amplifications, and microsatellite instability in FFPE tumor material
Authors: Steeghs Elisabeth M. P. , Kroeze Leonie I. , Tops Bastiaan B. J. , van Kempen Leon C. , ter Elst Arja , Kastner-van Raaij Annemiek W. M. , Hendriks-Cornelissen Sandra J. B. , Hermsen Mandy J. W. , Jansen Erik A. M. , Nederlof Petra M. , Schuuring Ed , Ligtenberg Marjolijn J. L. , Eijkelenboom Astrid 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Sensitive and reliable molecular diagnostics is needed to guide therapeutic decisions for cancer patients. Although less material becomes available for testing, genetic markers are rapidly expanding. Simultaneous detection of predictive markers, including mutations, gene amplifications and MSI, will save valuable material, time and costs.

Methods
Using a single-molecule molecular inversion probe (smMIP)-based targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach, we developed an NGS panel allowing detection of predictive mutations in 33 genes, gene amplifications of 13 genes and microsatellite instability (MSI) by the evaluation of 55 microsatellite markers. The panel was designed to target all clinically relevant single and multiple nucleotide mutations in routinely available lung cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, and gastro-intestinal stromal tumor samples, but is useful for a broader set of tumor types.

Results
The smMIP-based NGS panel was successfully validated and cut-off values were established for reliable gene amplification analysis (i.e. relative coverage ≥3) and MSI detection (≥30% unstable loci). After validation, 728 routine diagnostic tumor samples including a broad range of tumor types were sequenced with sufficient sensitivity (2.4% drop-out), including samples with low DNA input (< 10 ng; 88% successful), low tumor purity (5–10%; 77% successful), and cytological material (90% successful). 75% of these tumor samples showed ≥1 (likely) pathogenic mutation, including targetable mutations (e.g. EGFR, BRAF, MET, ERBB2, KIT, PDGFRA). Amplifications were observed in 5.5% of the samples, comprising clinically relevant amplifications (e.g. MET, ERBB2, FGFR1). 1.5% of the tumor samples were classified as MSI-high, including both MSI-prone and non-MSI-prone tumors.

Conclusions
We developed a comprehensive workflow for predictive analysis of diagnostic tumor samples. The smMIP-based NGS analysis was shown suitable for limited amounts of histological and cytological material. As smMIP technology allows easy adaptation of panels, this approach can comply with the rapidly expanding molecular markers.
Impact of alcohol marketing on drinkers with Alcohol use disorders seeking treatment: a mixed-method study protocol
Authors: Guillou-Landreat Morgane , Dany Antoine , Le Reste Jean Yves , Le Goff Delphine , Benyamina Amine , Grall-Bronnec Marie , Gallopel-Morvan Karine 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The marketing of alcohol influences patterns of alcohol consumption. Existing studies have focused, for the most part, on adolescents and the links between exposure to marketing and alcohol initiation. In France, the Evin law, a French exception, was set up in 1991 with the aim of regulating this exposure to marketing, but since 2009 it has been severely compromised. Alcohol consumption causes severe damage, which may be seenfrom 1 standard unit per day and mostly among adults who are regular users of alcohol. In this at-risk population, studies analysing the impact of marketing are sparse.
The specific objectives include (i) the evaluation of the perception of alcohol marketing by patients with an AUD (ii) gaining understanding of the links between alcohol marketing and patients with AUD behaviours (iii) the development of alcohol demarketing strategy in patients receiving AUD coaching.

Methods
Our main objective isto evaluate the impact of marketing on a population with an AUD. The methodology was in 4 steps: step 1 is a pre-test (N = 100) selecting type of alcohol consumed and type of marketing stimuli identified by patients aged 18 + with an AUD. Step 2 is a qualitative study (N = 20), with in-depth interview, to understand links between alcohol marketing and patients with AUD behaviours. Step 3 is a quantitative study(N = 600) to confirm these links and the impact of alcohol marketing on patients with AUD behaviours. Step 4 is an interventional step, including and testing the impact of demarketing intervention on patients with AUD while using the results of the three first steps (N = 120).

Discussion
This study will contribute to a better definition of the impact of alcohol marketing on patients with AUD and will enable identification of the determinants of this impact. These data will inform the development of interventions that take into account demarketingstrategies on patients under AUD management.

Trial registration
The Trial registrationregistration number is NCT03876132, and it was registered on the 15th march 2019.
The use of a synthetic shoulder patch for large and massive rotator cuff tears – a feasibility study
Authors: Cowling P. , Hackney R. , Dube B. , Grainger A. J. , Biglands J. D. , Stanley M. , Song D. , Conaghan P. G. , Kingsbury S. R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of using a non-absorbable biocompatible polyester patch to augment open repair of massive rotator cuff tears (Patch group) and compare outcomes with other treatment options (Non-patch group).

Methods
Participants referred to orthopaedic clinics for rotator cuff surgery were recruited. Choice of intervention (Patch or Non-patch) was based on patient preference and intra-operative findings. Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and Constant score were completed at baseline and 6 months. Shoulder MRI was performed at baseline and 6 months to assess fat fraction and Goutallier classification pre- and post- treatment. Feasibility outcomes (including retention, consent and missing data) were assessed.

Results
Sixty-eight participants (29 in the Patch group, 39 in Non-patch group) were included (mean age 65.3 years). Conversion to consent (92.6%), missing data (0% at baseline), and attrition rate (16%) were deemed successful feasibility endpoints. There was significant improvement in the Patch group compared to Non-patch at 6 months in OSS (difference in medians 9.76 (95% CI 2.25, 17.29) and SPADI: 22.97 (95% CI 3.02, 42.92), with no substantive differences in Constant score. The patch group had a higher proportion of participants improving greater than MCID for OSS (78% vs 62%) and SPADI (63% vs 50%) respectively. Analysis of the 48 paired MRIs demonstrated a slight increase in the fat fraction for supraspinatus (53 to 55%), and infraspinatus (26 to 29%) at 6 months. These differences were similar and in the same direction when the participants were analysed by treatment group. The Goutallier score remained the same or worsened one grade in both groups equally.

Conclusions
This study indicates that a definitive clinical trial investigating the use of a non-absorbable patch to augment repair of massive rotator cuff tears is feasible. In such patients, the patch has the potential to improve shoulder symptoms at 6 months.

Trial registration
ISRCTN, ISRCTN79844053, Registered 15th October 2014 (retrospectively registered).
Influence of cavity depth and restoration of non-carious cervical root lesions on strain distribution from various loading sites
Authors: Du Je-Kang , Wu Ju-Hui , Chen Ping-Ho , Ho Pei-Shan , Chen Ker-Kong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
We aimed to investigate the load-induced strain variation in teeth with unrestored and resin-based composite restored non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs).

Methods
Twelve extracted premolars were provided for measuring buccal-side root NCCLs. Strain gauges were fixed at four measuring sites of each tooth, two at the buccal surface and two at the lingual surface. NCCLs were prepared with occlusal margins at the cemento-enamel junction. A static 9-kg load was applied at seven occlusal loading points: buccal cusp tip (BC), inner inclination of the BC, lingual cusp tip (LC), inner inclination of the LC, center of the mesial marginal ridge or distal marginal ridge, and center of the central groove. The strain was detected at each site in teeth with NCCL depths of 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm. Each NCCL was restored using an adhesive composite resin, and the strains were re-measured.

Results
The strains at the NCCL occlusal and gingival margins decreased with increasing defect depths, and the effect was significant when the depth of the defect was 1.5 mm. Loading on the buccal and lingual cusps induced prominent strain variation. The strains at all depth distribution recovered to nearly intact conditions when the NCCLs were restored.

Conclusions
NCCLs at 1.5 mm depth are detrimental, but they can be restored using resin composites.

Clinical significance
The existence of NCCLs should not be ignored. The depth of the NCCL may affect the progression of the lesion. Resin composite restoration is an appropriate method for preventing persistent NCCL deterioration.
Mapping clinical reasoning literature across the health professions: a scoping review
Authors: Young Meredith E. , Thomas Aliki , Lubarsky Stuart , Gordon David , Gruppen Larry D. , Rencic Joseph , Ballard Tiffany , Holmboe Eric , Da Silva Ana , Ratcliffe Temple , Schuwirth Lambert , Dory Valérie , Durning Steven J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Clinical reasoning is at the core of health professionals’ practice. A mapping of what constitutes clinical reasoning could support the teaching, development, and assessment of clinical reasoning across the health professions.

Methods
We conducted a scoping study to map the literature on clinical reasoning across health professions literature in the context of a larger Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) review on clinical reasoning assessment. Seven databases were searched using subheadings and terms relating to clinical reasoning, assessment, and Health Professions. Data analysis focused on a comprehensive analysis of bibliometric characteristics and the use of varied terminology to refer to clinical reasoning.

Results
Literature identified: 625 papers spanning 47 years (1968–2014), in 155 journals, from 544 first authors, across eighteen Health Professions. Thirty-seven percent of papers used the term clinical reasoning; and 110 other terms referring to the concept of clinical reasoning were identified. Consensus on the categorization of terms was reached for 65 terms across six different categories: reasoning skills, reasoning performance, reasoning process, outcome of reasoning, context of reasoning, and purpose/goal of reasoning. Categories of terminology used differed across Health Professions and publication types.

Discussion
Many diverse terms were present and were used differently across literature contexts. These terms likely reflect different operationalisations, or conceptualizations, of clinical reasoning as well as the complex, multi-dimensional nature of this concept. We advise authors to make the intended meaning of ‘clinical reasoning’ and associated terms in their work explicit in order to facilitate teaching, assessment, and research communication.
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) treatment and associated costs in the public sector compared to the private sector in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Herbst Candice-lee , Miot Jacqueline K. , Moch Shirra L. , Ruff Paul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSouth Africa’s divided healthcare system is believed to be inequitable as the population serviced by each sector and the treatment received differs while annual healthcare expenditure is similar. The appropriateness of treatment received and in particular the cost of the same treatment between the sectors remains debatable and raises concerns around equitable healthcare. Colorectal cancer places considerable pressure on the funders, yet treatment utilization data and the associated costs of non-communicable diseases, in particular colorectal cancer, are limited for South Africa. Resources need to be appropriately managed while ensuring equitable healthcare is provided regardless of where the patient is able to receive their treatment. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the cost of colorectal cancer treatment in a privately insured patient population in order to compare the costs and utilization to a previously published public sector patient cohort.MethodsPrivate sector costs were determined using de-identified claim-based data for all newly diagnosed CRC patients between 2012 and 2014. The costs obtained from this patient cohort were compared to previously published public sector data for the same period. The costs compared were costs incurred by the relevant sector funder and didn’t include out-of-pocket costs.ResultsThe comparison shows private sector patients gain access to more of the approved regimens (12 vs. 4) but the same regimens are more costly, for example CAPOX costs approximately €150 more per cycle. The cost difference between 5FU and capecitabine monotherapy is less than €30 per cycle however, irinotecan is cheaper in comparison to oxaliplatin in the private sector (FOLFOX approx. €500 vs. FOLFIRI aprox. €460). Administrative costs account for up to 45% of total costs compared to the previously published data of these costs totaling < 15% of the full treatment cost in South Africa’s public healthcare system.ConclusionThis comparison highlights the disparities between sectors while illustrating the need for further research to improve resource management to attain equitable healthcare.
CREB1-induced miR-1204 promoted malignant phenotype of glioblastoma through targeting NR3C2
Authors: Zhao Xinli , Shen Fazheng , Ma Jiwei , Zhao Shupeng , Meng Lei , Wang Xiangyang , Liang Shufeng , Liang Jianing , Hu Chaoshuai , Zhang Xinzhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is a subclass of brain malignancy with unsatisfactory prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that exert key function on tumorigenesis and tumor development.PurposesThe purpose of this work was to unravel the biological behavior and mechanism of miR-1204 in GBM.MethodsExpressions of miR-1204, NR3C2 and CREB1 were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. Proliferation and apoptosis of GBM cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation, caspase-3 activity and TUNEL assays. Molecular interplays were examined by ChIP, RIP, and luciferase reporter assays.ResultsMiR-1204 level was elevated in GBM cell lines. Functionally, miR-1204 aggravated cell proliferation whereas suppressed cell apoptosis in GBM cells. Mechanistically, cAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 1 (CREB1) bound to the promoter of miR-1204 and activated the transcription of miR-1204. Furthermore, miR-1204 targeted and inhibited Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 (NR3C2), a tumor suppressor gene in GBM cells. Rescue assays indicated that NR3C2 participated in the regulation of miR-1204 on the malignant phenotype of GBM cells.ConclusionsWe observed for the first time that CREB1-induced miR-1204 promoted malignant phenotype of GBM through targeting NR3C2, indicating that miR-1204 acted as a novel oncogenic miRNA in GBM.
The predictive value of lncRNA MIR31HG expression on clinical outcomes in patients with solid malignant tumors
Authors: Tu Chao , Ren Xiaolei , He Jieyu , Li Shuangqing , Qi Lin , Duan Zhixi , Wang Wanchun , Li Zhihong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Emerging studies have explored the prognostic value of MIR31HG in cancers, but its role remains elusive. Herein, we aimed to summarize the prognostic potential of MIR31HG in this study.

Methods
Several databases were searched for literature retrieval on Dec 5, 2019. Overall and subgroup analyses were conducted to measure the relationship between MIR31HG expression and clinical outcomes. Moreover, GEPIA was applied for validation of prognostic value of MIR31HG in tumor patients in TCGA dataset.

Results
Overall, seventeen studies with 2573 patients were enrolled. Compared to counterparts, those patients with high MIR31HG expression tended to have shorter RFS. Notably, MIR31HG overexpression predicted unfavorable OS in lung cancer. By contrast, gastrointestinal cancer patients with elevated MIR31HG expression predicted better OS and disease-free survival. Additionally, MIR31HG overexpression was significantly associated with worse clinicopathological features including advanced tumor stage and LNM in lung cancer, but favorable clinical characteristics in gastrointestinal cancer. Moreover, the positive association between MIR31HG and OS in lung cancer was further confirmed in TCGA dataset.

Conclusion
Overexpression of MIR31HG suggested remarkable association with poor prognosis in terms of OS, tumor stage, and LNM in lung cancer, but favorable prognosis in gastrointestinal cancer. Therefore, MIR31HG may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker in multiple cancers.
The yin and yang functions of extracellular ATP and adenosine in tumor immunity
Authors: Feng Li-li , Cai Yi-qing , Zhu Ming-chen , Xing Li-jie , Wang Xin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExtracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) and its main metabolite adenosine (ADO) constitute an intrinsic part of immunological network in tumor immunity. The concentrations of eATP and ADO in tumor microenvironment (TME) are controlled by ectonucleotidases, such as CD39 and CD73, the major ecto-enzymes expressed on immune cells, endothelial cells and cancer cells. Once accumulated in TME, eATP boosts antitumor immune responses, while ADO attenuates immunity against tumors. eATP and ADO, like yin and yang, represent two opposite aspects from immune-activating to immune-suppressive signals. Here we reviewed the functions of eATP and ADO in tumor immunity and attempt to block eATP hydrolysis, ADO formation and their contradictory effects in tumor models, allowing the induction of effective anti-tumor immune responses in TME. These attempts documented that therapeutic approaches targeting eATP/ADO metabolism and function may be effective methods in cancer therapy.