bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The affiliations and characteristics of female directors and earnings management: evidence from Turkey
Authors: Arioglu Emrah 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate whether the presence of female directors with specific attributes has an effect on earnings quality in a patriarchal emerging country with a collectivistic culture and a substantial gender equality gap and where the majority of companies are controlled by large business groups.

Design/methodology/approach
The current study uses a unique hand-collected data set that covers all non-financial companies listed on the Borsa Istanbul between the years 2009 and 2017, using the GMM method to overcome potential omitted variables and reverse causality problems.

Findings
The current study demonstrates that the presence of female directors on company boards is not associated with earnings management. Similar results are obtained for the percentage of female directors with specific attributes such as busyness, professional expertise and audit committee membership. Surprisingly, the results suggest that there is a negative (positive) relationship between the percentage of female directors that are affiliated (unaffiliated) with controlling business groups and earnings management.

Originality/value
The current study tests the relationship between the presence of female directors and earnings management in a cultural and institutional setting that is substantially different from countries where the majority of previous research on female directors has been conducted. In addition, this study puts a special emphasis on female director affiliation and provides evidence that contradicts the expectation regarding the direction of the relationship between the percentage of affiliated female directors and earnings management.
Role of public sector banks towards financial inclusion during pre and post introduction of PMJDY: a study on efficiency review
Authors: Maity Sudarshan , Sahu Tarak Nath 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
An inclusive financial system is essential to develop the country’s economy. A massive shift in financial inclusion was observed by the initiative of government to include financially excluded into the formal financial system by launching Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) in 2014. This paper aims to attempt to examine the efficiency of public sector banks in financial inclusion during pre and post introduction of PMJDY.

Design/methodology/approach
The data envelopment analysis is used to measure the efficiency of the banks towards financial inclusion for the periods, 2010–2011 to 2013–2014 as pre-introduction and 2014–2015 to 2017–2018 as post-introduction phase. For this study, supply-side parameters of financial inclusion considered as input variables and demand-side parameters as output variables.

Findings
The study finds that overall average efficiency towards financial inclusion increases significantly during post-phase, though all the public sector banks are not performing equally. There is a significant variation in efficiency level between them and even between the two periods. Further, there is a huge opportunity to enhance technical efficiency with the same quantity of input which will help to achieve the target of financial inclusion.

Originality/value
A comparative study between the two phases has taken place to analyse the impact of the scheme on the technical efficiency of banks. One of the notable innovativeness of this study is that, unlike most of the previous studies which are mostly theoretical and conceptual, the present study may place itself as a unique inquiry in the domain of efficiency review of public sector banks during pre and post introduction of PMJDY.
Maruti’s Nexa – enhancing customer experience beyond buying
Authors: Kaushik Arun Kumar , Mohan Geetha 
Published: July 2020

Research methodology
The case collates secondary data pertaining to Maruti’s current position, Nexa, the premium retail sales channel of Maruti, and recent developments in the Indian automobile industry. It presents the facts and data published on websites, newspapers and magazines in the form of a case study.

Case overview/synopsis
Nexa was launched by Maruti in 2015 to enhance the buying experience of its premium customers and to re-position itself as a premium brand. It started offering customized services to car purchasers through its well-trained employees, attractive store environment and omni channel experience. Through all these facilities, though Nexa had a bumpy ride for selling its first product, it managed to pace up and perform better in the next few years. It remained to be seen how Maruti would handle competitor and cost challenges and how it would strategize its efforts to strengthen its footprint in the Indian automotive industry.

Complexity academic level
This case can be used in retail management, sales and distribution management, marketing management and related courses/modules at the master’s level.
Will I be back? Evoking nostalgia through college students’ memorable exchange programme experiences
Authors: Cho Heetae , Tan Kah Min , Chiu Weisheng 
Published: July 2020

PurposeInternational exchange students have been known for an often-neglected population in tourism research and their intention to revisit the host country has not been explored. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships among international exchange students’ memorable experiences, nostalgia, satisfaction and revisit intention.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from students (N = 169) with recent international exchange experience using snowball sampling approach through various online platforms. The hypothesised relationships were tested using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsResults showed that memorable experiences had a positive effect on nostalgia and satisfaction, and nostalgia significantly affected satisfaction. Satisfaction was also found to have a positive effect on revisit intention. In addition, memorable experiences and nostalgia had indirect effects on satisfaction and intention to revisit a host country in the near future.Originality/valueThe findings of this study contribute to the extant literature on international exchange students’ experience and provide tourism marketers with strategies to encourage them to revisit a host country.
Introducing multi‐modal enteral medication reduced morbidity and mortality associated with necrotising enterocolitis
Authors: Harutyunyan Arman , Urlesberger Berndt , Muradyan Armen , Hovhannisyan Marine , Badalyan Arman , Kalenteryan Hrant , Haxhija Emir , Sargsyan Karine , Yenkoyan Konstantin , Babloyan Ara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimNecrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is still a disease with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to analyse retrospectively whether the introduction of a multi‐modal three‐component enteral medication regimen resulted in a change in morbidity and mortality in neonates with NEC.MethodsWhen diagnosis of NEC was established, the following multi‐modal three‐component enteral medication regimen was administered enterally (via nasogastric tube): an antibiotic, an antifungal agent and a probiotic. The primary outcome parameters were intestinal perforation, surgical interventions and mortality during the observational periods.ResultsIn the study period, 2212 patients were admitted to the NICU, out of which 200 (9%) developed NEC. Significantly fewer infants died in the Intervention Group (13 of 104 infants, 13%) compared to the Control Group (38 of 96 infants, 40%) (P = .0001). No infant in the Intervention Group (0%) presented with an intestinal perforation, as compared to 15 infants (16%) within the Control Group (P = .0001). In the Control Group, 21 infants (22%) needed surgical intervention, whereas 0 (0%) infants needed this in the Intervention Group.ConclusionThe introduction of an enteral multi‐modal three‐component medication regimen resulted in a significant reduction of mortality and of need for surgical intervention in infants suffering from NEC.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: liver manifestations and outcomes in COVID‐19
Authors: Kulkarni Anand V. , Kumar Pramod , Tevethia Harsh Vardhan , Premkumar Madhumita , Arab Juan Pablo , Candia Roberto , Talukdar Rupjyoti , Sharma Mithun , Qi Xiaolong , Rao Padaki Nagaraja , Reddy Duvvuru Nageshwar 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe incidence of elevated liver chemistries and the presence of pre‐existing chronic liver disease (CLD) have been variably reported in COVID‐19.AimsTo assess the prevalence of CLD, the incidence of elevated liver chemistries and the outcomes of patients with and without underlying CLD/elevated liver chemistries in COVID‐19.MethodsA comprehensive search of electronic databases from 1 December 2019 to 24 April 2020 was done. We included studies reporting underlying CLD or elevated liver chemistries and patient outcomes in COVID‐19.Results107 articles (n = 20 874 patients) were included for the systematic review. The pooled prevalence of underlying CLD was 3.6% (95% CI, 2.5‐5.1) among the 15 407 COVID‐19 patients. The pooled incidence of elevated liver chemistries in COVID‐19 was 23.1% (19.3‐27.3) at initial presentation. Additionally, 24.4% (13.5‐40) developed elevated liver chemistries during the illness. The pooled incidence of drug‐induced liver injury was 25.4% (14.2‐41.4). The pooled prevalence of CLD among 1587 severely infected patients was 3.9% (3%‐5.2%). The odds of developing severe COVID‐19 in CLD patients was 0.81 (0.31‐2.09; P = 0.67) compared to non‐CLD patients. COVID‐19 patients with elevated liver chemistries had increased risk of mortality (OR‐3.46 [2.42‐4.95, P < 0.001]) and severe disease (OR‐2.87 [95% CI, 2.29‐3.6, P < 0.001]) compared to patients without elevated liver chemistries.ConclusionsElevated liver chemistries are common at presentation and during COVID‐19. The severity of elevated liver chemistries correlates with the outcome of COVID‐19. The presence of CLD does not alter the outcome of COVID‐19. Further studies are needed to analyse the outcomes of compensated and decompensated liver disease.
Employment and Wages over the Business Cycle in Worker‐Owned Firms: Evidence from Spain*
Authors: Garcia‐Louzao Jose 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article compares worker‐owned firms and mainstream capital‐owned enterprises over the business cycle. Specifically, I study whether conventional employees in worker‐owned firms enjoy greater employment stability than similar workers in traditional enterprises over the business cycle, and investigate whether this stability is associated with greater volatility of working‐time or wages. Unlike the literature that has compared partners of worker‐owned firms to wage‐earners of mainstream firms, I compare wage‐earners across both type of organizations along the three margins of adjustment. The econometric analysis is based on rich Spanish administrative data and panel data methods to account for composition differences between the two types of organizations. The results show that worker‐owned firms offer higher job security because they do not adjust employment levels over the business cycle as much as mainstream enterprises. Wages and working‐time, instead, are equally responsive across the two types of firms. The findings can be rationalized by the presence of similar labour regulations and differences in the nature of the two type of organizations. Namely, both types of firms are constrained by regulations, such as the national Labor Code and collective bargaining, on the adjustments they can impose on wages and working‐time. However, the social structure of worker‐owned firms mitigates employment volatility in these organizations.
Palaeoseismic records in lacustrine sediments—A case study of the Daqingshan piedmont fault and Hasuhai Lake in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Junyi , He Zhongtai , Li Linlin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs a traditional method for palaeoseismic studies, trenching can be combined with dating techniques to identify palaeoseismic events and the earthquake recurrence interval. However, when using trenches to study palaeoearthquakes, factors such as the active tectonic background of the earthquake‐caused structure, the lithology on both sides of the fault, the geomorphology location and type and the samples and methods for dating will affect the location of the trench. Thus, trenches should be carefully selected and used to identify the impact of ancient earthquakes. The results have substantial uncertainties and limitations. In recent years, scholars have made considerable progress in using other methods to reveal the palaeoseismic information of faults. Moreover, the history of fault activity may have been recorded in the lacustrine sediment adjacent to the fault. Hasuhai Lake is adjacent to the middle segment of the Daqingshan piedmont fault in Inner Mongolia. Since the Holocene, the region has experienced a temperate continental semi‐arid climate with little interference, and Hasuhai Lake and peripheral waters present weak hydrodynamic conditions that provide an ideal location for the study of palaeoseismic records in lacustrine sediments. Sediment samples and samples for dating were collected from three trenches excavated on the periphery of the Hasuhai Lake. Their variations in grain size and magnetic susceptibility revealed that wind and flowing water jointly produced the sedimentary conditions of Hasuhai sediments. The14Cdating results and variations in the grain size distribution, grain size components and magnetic susceptibility of sediments caused by seismic events obtained in this study were compared with those caused by a series of palaeoseismic events at the middle segment of the Daqingshan piedmont fault reported by previous studies using trenches, knickpoints and palaeosol records. The results identified seven palaeoseismic events recorded near Hasuhai Lake since 12,000 years. The combined use of lacustrine sediment variation characteristics and dating techniques is an effective method for studying palaeoseismic events.
Ezrin promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by modulating glycolytic reprogramming
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Li Nan , Han Anna , Wang Yixuan , Lin Zhenhua , Yang Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEzrin, one of the ezrin‐radixin‐moesin (ERM) proteins, is involved in the formation of cell membrane processes and has been implicated in the promotion of cancer proliferation and metastasis. However, the possible role of ezrin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis and glycolysis reprogramming has remained unclear. In this study, we found that ezrin was upregulated in HCC tissues, and its overexpression was linked with HCC patients’ aggressive tumor characteristics and poor prognosis. Functional experiments further revealed that ezrin overexpression promoted HCC cell proliferation, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression and angiogenesis. In addition, by measuring glucose consumption, lactate production, ATP levels and the expression of glucose metabolism‐related markers in HCC cells, we investigated whether ezrin regulated glucose metabolism. Moreover, 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG) affected ezrin‐mediated proliferation, migration and EMT of HCC cells, which suggested that ezrin may, at least in part, promote HCC progression by regulating glycolysis reprogramming. Based on our results, we proposed that ezrin was involved in HCC progression and may be a valid prognostic marker.
Emerging patterns of regulatory T cell function in tuberculosis
Authors: Ahmed A , Vyakarnam A 
Published: July 2020

SummaryTuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of mortality worldwide from a single infectious agent and has significant implications for global health. A major hurdle in the development of effective TB vaccines and therapies is the absence of defined immune-correlates of protection. In this context, the role of regulatory T cells (Treg), which are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis, is even less understood. This review aims to address this knowledge gap by providing an overview of the emerging patterns of Treg function in TB. Increasing evidence from studies, both in animal models of infection and TB patients, points to the fact the role of Tregs in TB is dependent on disease stage. While Tregs might expand and delay the appearance of protective responses in the early stages of infection, their role in the chronic phase perhaps is to counter-regulate excessive inflammation. New data highlight that this important homeostatic role of Tregs in the chronic phase of TB may be compromised by the expansion of activated human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR)+CD4+ suppression-resistant effector T cells. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of the key features of Treg cells in TB; highlights the importance of a balanced immune response as being important in TB and discusses the importance of probing not just Treg frequency but also qualitative aspects of Treg function as part of a comprehensive search for novel TB treatments.
Associations between clinical features and therapy with macrophage subpopulations and T cells in inflammatory lesions in the aorta from patients with Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Santos J P , Artigiani Neto R , Mangueira C L P , Filippi R Z , Gutierrez P S , Westra J , Brouwer E , de Souza A W S 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a large-vessel granulomatous vasculitis; the inflammatory infiltration in arteries comprises macrophages, multi-nucleated giant cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and neutrophils. However, it is unknown which subtype of macrophages predominates. This study aims to evaluate macrophages subpopulations in the aorta in TAK. Immunohistochemistry was performed in the aorta from TAK patients (n = 22), patients with atherosclerotic disease (n = 9) and heart transplant donors (n = 8) using the markers CD68, CD86, CD206, CD3, CD20 and CD56. Active disease was observed in 54·5% of patients and active histological lesions were found in 40·9%. TAK patients presented atherosclerotic lesions in 27·3% of cases. The frequency of macrophages, M1 macrophages, T, B and NK cells was higher in the aorta from TAK and atherosclerotic patients compared to heart transplant donors. In TAK, macrophages and T cells were the most abundant cells in the aorta, and the expression of CD206 was higher than CD86 (P = 0·0007). No associations were found between the expression of cell markers and active disease or with atherosclerotic lesions. In TAK patients, histological disease activity led to higher T cell counts than chronic fibrotic lesions (P = 0.030), whereas prednisone use was associated with lower T cell counts (P = 0·035). In conclusion, M1 macrophages were more frequent in TAK and atherosclerotic patients compared to heart transplant donors, while M2 macrophages dominated M1 macrophages in TAK. T cells were associated with histological disease activity and with prednisone use in TAK.
Metabolic pathways in context: mTOR signalling in the retina and optic nerve ‐ A review
Authors: Yao Anthony , van Wijngaarden Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling network plays a key role in growth and development, autophagy, metabolism, inflammation as well as ageing, and it is therefore important in ocular health and disease. mTOR dysregulation has been identified in a range of conditions, including age‐related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, traumatic optic neuropathy and glaucoma. Experimental modulation of the pathway has contributed to the understanding of these diseases and offers the potential for new avenues of therapy. This review discusses the mTOR pathway and its role in health and in diseases of the retina and optic nerve.
Description of a family with X‐linked oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum associated with polyalanine tract expansion in ZIC3
Authors: Trimouille Aurélien , Tingaud‐Sequeira Angèle , Lacombe Didier , Duelund Hjortshøj Tina , Kreiborg Sven , Buciek Hove Hanne , Rooryck Caroline 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum (OAVS) [MIM:164210], or Goldenhar syndrome, is a developmental disorder associating defects of structures derived from the first and second branchial arches. The genetic origin of OAVS is supported by the description of rare deleterious variants in a few causative genes, and several chromosomal copy number variations. We describe here a large family with eight male members affected by a mild form of the spectrum, mostly auricular defects, harboring a hemizygous ZIC3 variant detected by familial exome sequencing: c.159_161dup p.(Ala55dup), resulting in an expansion of the normal 10 consecutive alanine residues to 11 alanines. Segregation analysis shows its presence in all the affected individuals, with a recessive X‐linked transmission. Whole‐genome sequencing performed in another affected male allowed to exclude linkage disequilibrium between this ZIC3 variant and another potential pathogenic variant in this family. Furthermore, by screening of a cohort of 274 OAVS patients, we found 1 male patient carrying an expansion of 10 to 12 alanines, a variant previously reported in patient presenting with VACTERL. Loss‐of‐function variants of ZIC3 are causing heterotaxy or cardiac malformations. These alanine expansion variants could have a different impact on the protein and thereby resulting in a different phenotype within the OAVS/VACTERL.
European Society of Coloproctology: guidelines for the management of diverticular disease of the colon
Authors: Schultz J. K. , Azhar N. , Binda G. A. , Barbara G. , Biondo S. , Boermeester M. A. , Chabok A. , Consten E. C. J. , van Dijk S. T. , Johanssen A. , Kruis W. , Lambrichts D. , Post S. , Ris F. , Rockall T. A. , Samuelsson A. , Di Saverio S. , Tartaglia D. , Thorisson A. , Winter D. C. , Bemelman W. , Angenete E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe goal of this European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) guideline project is to give an overview of the existing evidence on the management of diverticular disease, primarily as a guidance to surgeons.MethodsThe guideline was developed during several working phases including three voting rounds and one consensus meeting. The two project leads (JKS and EA) appointed by the ESCP guideline committee together with one member of the guideline committee (WB) agreed on the methodology, decided on six themes for working groups (WGs) and drafted a list of research questions. Senior WG members, mostly colorectal surgeons within the ESCP, were invited based on publication records and geographical aspects. Other specialties were included in the WGs where relevant. In addition, one trainee or PhD fellow was invited in each WG. All six WGs revised the research questions if necessary, did a literature search, created evidence tables where feasible, and drafted supporting text to each research question and statement. The text and statement proposals from each WG were arranged as one document by the first and last authors before online voting by all authors in two rounds. For the second voting ESCP national representatives were also invited. More than 90% agreement was considered a consensus. The final phrasing of the statements with < 90% agreement was discussed in a consensus meeting at the ESCP annual meeting in Vienna in September 2019. Thereafter, the first and the last author drafted the final text of the guideline and circulated it for final approval and for a third and final online voting of rephrased statements.ResultsThis guideline contains 38 evidence based consensus statements on the management of diverticular disease.ConclusionThis international, multidisciplinary guideline provides an up to date summary of the current knowledge of the management of diverticular disease as a guidance for clinicians and patients.