bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alleviating Care Partner Poststroke Stress Through Education
Authors: Ferguson Lakina , Perera Anjali , Farhad Maniza , Parwaiz Aatika , Stutzman Sonja E. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Those who provide assistance to persons who have experienced stroke (care partners) become exposed to new situation and paradigms that may produce stress. Providing adequate information and training before discharge may reduce care partner stress.

METHODS
This prospective longitudinal pilot study examined whether tailored poststroke discharge education would reduce care partner stress. Stress was measured via survey at baseline and at 30 and 60 days after discharge with the modified Caregiver Strain Index (mCSI), where a higher mCSI indicates a higher level of stress.

RESULTS
There was no significant difference between the mCSI scores at baseline (9.73), 30 days (9.59), and 60 days (10.26; P = .94).

DISCUSSION
Education is an important part of predischarge care for both patients and care partners. However, education alone or education only delivered once before discharge may not be sufficient to significantly reduce care partner stress.

CONCLUSION
A single postdischarge education session does not reduce care partner stress. Further research is needed to determine whether an altered session or a repeated education session can assist in alleviating care partner stress.
Evaluating collagenase Clostridium histolyticum administration protocols in the treatment of Peyronie's disease
Authors: Phillips Drew , Chan Justin Y.H. , Flannigan Ryan 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of review
Treatment of Peyronie's disease with collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCh) has gained world-wide adoption following the phase III clinical trials IMPRESS I and II. However, the optimal treatment parameters remain largely unknown. Many groups have made modifications to CCh treatment in Peyronie's disease in recent years. This review aims to discuss the variations in CCh treatment reported and associated outcomes.

Recent findings
Variations in CCh treatment protocols include administering higher CCh doses (0.9 mg) less frequently (q1month), use of home penile modeling, use of angulating penile traction devices, and vacuum therapy devices. Authors have reported different injection techniques to include three-point fans and tunneling techniques. Patient selection has expanded to include and evaluate responses among men with some extent of plaque calcification, and ventral curves.

Summary
Since publication of the IMPRESS trials, several variations of CCh treatment have been reported with similar treatment responses to the original trials. However, future studies are required with prospective, randomized comparative designs to identify the optimal treatment strategies for men with Peyronie's disease.
Definition, Biology, and History of Oligometastatic and Oligoprogressive Disease
Authors: Foster Corey C. , Pitroda Sean P. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Historical theories of metastasis have been informed by the seed and soil hypothesis, the Halsteadian paradigm proposing an orderly spread from local to distant sites, and the presumption that cancer is an inherently systemic process even in the earliest cases. The more contemporary spectrum theory now suggests that the propensity for distant spread exists along a continuum of metastatic virulence. Tumors with limited metastatic potential represent one subset along this spectrum that could potentially be cured with local ablative therapy. Integrating clinical and molecular features to biologically inform the classification of not only oligometastatic or oligoprogressive disease but also the entire metastatic spectrum holds great promise to improve prognostication and inform clinical decision making. To this end, the inclusion of molecular correlative studies and biospecimen collection on prospective protocols is imperative.
Retained Temporary Epicardial Pacing Wires
Authors: Wald Gal , Van Y-Vu Robert , Pain Kevin J. , Otterburn David M. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction
Temporary epicardial pacing wires (TEPW) are used in the immediate postoperative cardiac surgery period for the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of acute arrhythmias. They are usually removed before discharge, but are sometimes clipped and left to retract into the skin and are thus retained. Rare complications from these retained wires have been documented in numerous case reports. We describe a case of a 57-year-old man with chronically draining wounds due to infected retained pacing wires. This case prompted a systematic review of these patients to delineate complications and to create a novel treatment algorithm.

Methods
The authors conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases and retrieved relevant, English-language articles published between 1986 and 2018. Two reviewers critically appraised the studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results
Thirty-one articles met inclusion criteria with a total of 35 patients included. The existing articles represent either level IV or level V evidence. Mean ± SD time of presentation from initial TEPW placement was 4.9 ± 5.9 years, with a range of 1 month to 24 years and 77% of patients were symptomatic. The TEPW wire migration occurred in 74% of patients, with invasion into vasculature, visceral organs, and subcutaneous tissue. Most of the patients who underwent wire removal had complete recovery. The relevant literature suggests that there is a wide range of complications, and migration is more often associated with need for surgical intervention.

Conclusions
In patients with severe symptoms or evidence of migration, surgical intervention and removal should be strongly considered to prevent potentially deadly complications. We propose an algorithm to minimize these complications based on a literature analysis in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.
Outcomes of Transperineal Gender-Affirming Vaginectomy and Colpocleisis
Authors: Hougen Helen Y. , Dugi Daniel D. , Berli Jens U. , Sajadi Kamran P. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
There are multiple approaches to vaginectomy for the purpose of masculinizing gender-affirming genital surgery including mucosal fulguration and excision. The outcomes of the approaches are not well described. We aim to describe the surgical outcomes of gender-affirming vaginectomy and colpocleisis by complete mucosal excision.

Methods
We performed a case series study of 40 transmasculine patients who underwent gender-affirming vaginectomy and colpocleisis. Vaginectomy was performed by complete excision of the vaginal mucosa via a transperineal approach. We recorded perioperative outcomes and operative time. We performed a multivariate analysis to assess patient factors on operative outcomes.

Results
Forty vaginectomies were performed between September 2016 and April 2019, 27 (67.5%) in phalloplasty patients and 13 (32.5%) in metoidioplasty patients. Perioperative complications included 2 blood transfusions, 1 pelvic hematoma, and 1 Clostridium cifficile colitis. No urethral fistulae to the vaginal space, mucoceles, or visceral injures were seen with a median follow-up of 7.7 months. Operative time decreased significantly with later surgery year.

Conclusions
This is a large series studying the outcomes of gender-affirming vaginectomy by complete mucosal excision approach in the literature. Perioperative complications were low. Operative time decreased overtime such that after approximately 20 cases, the procedure fairly consistently takes 2 to 2.5 hours to perform.
Pyronaridine Tetraphosphate Efficacy Against Ebola Virus Infection in Guinea Pig
Authors: Lane Thomas R. , Massey Christopher , Comer Jason E. , Freiberg Alexander N. , Zhou Huanying , Dyall Julie , Holbrook Michael R. , Anantpadma Manu , Davey Robert A. , Madrid Peter B. , Ekins Sean 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe recent outbreaks of the Ebola virus (EBOV) in Africa have brought global visibility to the shortage of available therapeutic options to treat patients infected with this or closely related viruses. We have recently computationally identified three molecules which have all demonstrated statistically significant efficacy in the mouse model of infection with mouse adapted Ebola virus (ma-EBOV). One of these molecules is the antimalarial pyronaridine tetraphosphate (IC50range of 0.82-1.30 µM against three strains of EBOV and IC50range of 1.01-2.72 µM against two strains of Marburg virus (MARV)) which is an approved drug in the European Union and used in combination with artesunate. To date, no small molecule drugs have shown statistically significant efficacy in the guinea pig model of EBOV infection. Pharmacokinetics and range-finding studies in guinea pigs directed us to a single 300mg/kg or 600mg/kg oral dose of pyronaridine 1hr after infection. Pyronaridine resulted in statistically significant survival of 40% at 300mg/kg and protected from a lethal challenge with EBOV. In comparison, oral favipiravir (300 mg/kg dosed once a day) had 43.5 % survival. Thein vitrometabolism and metabolite identification of pyronaridine and another of our EBOV active molecules, tilorone, which suggests significant species differences which may account for the efficacy or lack thereof, respectively in guinea pig. In summary, our studies with pyronaridine demonstrates its utility for repurposing as an antiviral against EBOV and MARV, providing justification for future testing in non-human primates.ImportanceThere is currently no antiviral small molecule drug approved for treating Ebola Virus infection. We have previously used machine learning models to identify new uses for approved drugs and demonstrated their activity against the Ebola virusin vitroandin vivo. We now describe the pharmacokinetic properties of the antimalarial pyronaridine in the guinea pig. In addition, we show that this drug is effective against multiple strains of EBOV and MARVin vitroand in the guinea pig model of Ebola virus infection. These combined efforts indicate the need to further test this molecule in larger animal efficacy studies prior to clinical use in humans. These findings also may be useful for repurposing this drug for use against other viruses in future.
The control of acidity in tumor cells: a biophysical model
Authors: Piasentin Nicola , Milotti Edoardo , Chignola Roberto 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTAcidosis of the tumor microenvironment leads to cancer invasion, progression and resistance to therapies. We present a biophysical model that describes how tumor cells regulate intracellular and extracellular acidity while they grow in a microenvironment characterized by increasing acidity and hypoxia. The model takes into account the dynamic interplay between glucose and O2consumption with lactate and CO2production and connects these processes to H+andfluxes inside and outside cells. We have validated the model with independent experimental data and used it to investigate how and to which extent tumor cells can survive in adverse micro-environments characterized by acidity and hypoxia. The simulations show a dominance of the H+exchanges in well-oxygenated regions, and ofexchanges in the inner hypoxic regions where tumor cells are known to acquire malignant phenotypes. The model also includes the activity of the enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase 9 (CA9), a known marker of tumor aggressiveness, and the simulations demonstrate that CA9 acts as a nonlinear pHiequalizer at any O2level in cells that grow in acidic extracellular environments.SIGNIFICANCEThe activity of cancer cells in solid tumors affects the surrounding environment in many ways, and an elevated acidity is a common feature of the tumor microenvironment. In this paper we propose a model of intracellular/extracellular acidity that is linked to cellular metabolism and includes all the main molecular players. The model is reliable, robust and validated with experimental data and can be used as an essential building block of more comprehensivein silicoresearch on solid tumors.
The value of voting rights in Italian cooperative banks: a quasi-natural experiment
Authors: Botta Marco , Colombo Luca Vittorio Angelo 
Published: March 2020

PurposeIt is widely believed that deviating from the “one share-one vote” principle leads to corporate inefficiencies. To measure the market appraisal of this potential inefficiency, this study aims to analyse the market reaction to a change from the “one head-one vote” to the “one share-one vote” mechanism by means of a quasi-natural experiment: a 2015 Italian reform forcing all listed cooperative banks to transform into joint-stock companies.Design/methodology/approachTo investigate the market reaction around the regulatory change, this study uses both a traditional event study and a novel methodology based on the synthetic control method as well as on Bayesian statistical techniques.FindingsThis study estimates the market valuation of the effects of the governance change around the event date being equal to a cumulative average increase in market value of about 14 per cent using an event study methodology, and of about 13 per cent using Bayesian techniques.Originality/valueThis study provides evidence on the fact that the voting mechanism significantly affects the market values of companies. The study also introduces a novel statistical technique that can be extremely useful in analysing single-firm event studies.
Confident and cautious candidates: Explaining under‐representation of women in Danish municipal politics
Authors: DAHL MALTE , NYRUP JACOB 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhy are women under‐represented even in democratic and egalitarian countries? Previous research considers either demand‐side or supply‐side explanations. We integrate both perspectives in a least‐likely case for the under‐representation of women, namely the municipal councils in Denmark. The data stems from a candidate choice conjoint experiment, a survey among potential candidates, and data on the actual pool of nominated candidates. On the voter demand‐side, we show that there is no pro‐male bias in general or in combination with other candidate traits nor that traits evaluated positively by voters appear more frequently among actual male candidates. On the supply‐side, we find that women are less likely to be interested in running for political office. This is primarily because women assess their own political qualifications significantly lower than men. The under‐supply of female candidates seem to drive the disparity suggesting that we should focus more on supply‐side factors to overcome the gender imbalance.
The potential use of the Penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein PAF, the designed variant PAFopt and its γ‐core peptide Pγopt in plant protection
Authors: Tóth Liliána , Boros Éva , Poór Péter , Ördög Attila , Kele Zoltán , Váradi Györgyi , Holzknecht Jeanett , Bratschun‐Khan Doris , Nagy István , Tóth Gábor K. , Rákhely Gábor , Marx Florentine , Galgóczy László 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe prevention of enormous crop losses caused by pesticide‐resistant fungi is a serious challenge in agriculture. Application of alternative fungicides, such as antifungal proteins and peptides, provides a promising basis to overcome this problem; however, their direct use in fields suffers limitations, such as high cost of production, low stability, narrow antifungal spectrum and toxicity on plant or mammalian cells. Recently, we demonstrated that a Penicillium chrysogenum‐based expression system provides a feasible tool for economic production of P. chrysogenum antifungal protein (PAF) and a rational designed variant (PAFopt), in which the evolutionary conserved γ‐core motif was modified to increase antifungal activity. In the present study, we report for the first time that γ‐core modulation influences the antifungal spectrum and efficacy of PAF against important plant pathogenic ascomycetes, and the synthetic γ‐core peptide Pγopt, a derivative of PAFopt, is antifungal active against these pathogens in vitro. Finally, we proved the protective potential of PAF against Botrytis cinerea infection in tomato plant leaves. The lack of any toxic effects on mammalian cells and plant seedlings, as well as the high tolerance to harsh environmental conditions and proteolytic degradation further strengthen our concept for applicability of these proteins and peptide in agriculture.
Cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of Centrality of Pain Scale in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Ozsoy‐Unubol Tugba , Unal‐Ulutatar Cagri 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to perform a cross‐cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the Centrality of Pain Scale (COPS) and to evaluate its psychometric properties in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).MethodsCentrality of Pain Scale was translated and culturally adapted according to guidelines. Clinical and demographic data of the patients were recorded. In addition to the Turkish version of the COPS (COPS‐TR), fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Brief Pain Inventory‐Short Form (BPI‐SF), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7‐item (GAD‐7) scale and Short Form‐36 were applied. Internal consistency and test–retest methods were used for reliability analysis. Convergent validity was assessed by analyzing the correlations between COP‐TR and functional parameters. Divergent validity and responsiveness were also evaluated.ResultsOne hundred and four patients (90 female and 14 male) were included. The mean age was 44 years. Good internal consistency (α = .84) and high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.95) were determined. Highest correlations were detected between COPS‐TR and BPI‐SF pain interference score (r = .64), COPS‐TR and PCS (r = .61). There was no significant correlation with non‐functional parameters (body mass index, disease duration). It showed high responsiveness (effect size and standardized response mean were 1.66 and 1.94, respectively). The patients filled out COPS‐TR in 2 minutes.ConclusionsCOPS‐TR is a reliable and valid instrument that shows good psychometric properties. It can be used in clinical practice and scientific research.
The effect of treasury auctions on 10‐year Treasury note futures
Authors: Smales Lee A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUsing 15‐min intervals over the period 2000–2017, it is shown that auctions of US Treasury securities have an economic and statistically significant impact on the 10‐year Treasury note futures market. Prices move higher, volatility increases and there is an upturn in trading volume in the interval immediately following an auction. Higher bid‐to‐cover ratios, and bid‐to‐cover ratios that exceed the average, lead to positive returns and lower return volatility. This is consistent with bid‐to‐cover ratios serving as a proxy of demand for the auctioned securities. Primary dealers, who purchase the largest proportion of each issue, have the greatest influence on the market response. This is particularly evident when auction demand increases while they have a short futures position. Together, the results are consistent with traders (particularly primary dealers) buying back short futures hedges immediately following the auction, and suggests that futures are used to hedge at least some inventory risk.
One size doesn’t fit all: How institutional complexity within the state shapes firms’ environmental innovation
Authors: Pan Xin , Chen Xuanjin , Guo Haojing , Zhang Yucheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigated how firms respond to conflicting demands within the state. Using Chinese listed firms data, we found that firms linked with central government relate positively to environmental innovation, while firms located in provinces with gross domestic product (GDP) priority exhibited a negative influence on environmental innovation. Beyond the independent roles of central and local government expectations, we found that central and local government demands work interdependently to negatively affect firms’ environmental innovation, such that firms located in GDP priority regions lower the positive impact of the central government on environmental innovation. The present study added to the existing literature by unpacking government roles into two competing sets of expectations, independently and interdependently.
Eosinophils of the horse: Part II: Eosinophils in clinical diseases
Authors: Brosnahan M. M. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryInterpretation of eosinophilia in body fluids or tissues is often not straightforward. Eosinophil counts vary among clinically healthy individuals, and considerable overlap can occur between normal and affected animals in conditions such as allergic airway disease. Parasite exposure is a confounding factor when counts are increased, and in cases where very high counts and dramatic clinical signs make another disease process obvious, the underlying pathology may be uncertain and treatment difficult. Eosinophils are a component of the immune response in many diseases of the horse, but their specific role is often unknown and likely multifactorial. In helminth infections, eosinophils are assumed to be part of the normal host response to a pathogen, whereas in multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED), the predominance of eosinophils likely represents a wildly dysregulated response, or an abnormal response altogether. This distinction is still not clear for other diseases. Understanding the pathways involved in recruitment, activation or suppression of eosinophils is required for more accurate diagnostics, effective therapeutics, and successful strategies for prevention of eosinophil associated diseases. Eosinophils of the horse: Part II reviews published observations on the eosinophil in clinical diseases of the horse. The behaviour of eosinophils in three common and relatively well‐studied conditions is presented first, including gastrointestinal helminth infections, non‐infectious respiratory disease, and insect bite hypersensitivity. The less common eosinophil‐associated diseases such as eosinophilic disease confined to the intestine (EDCI) and MEED are considered, followed by a brief summary of the eosinophil in phycomycosis and neoplasia. In conclusion, a panoramic view of the equine eosinophil as presented in Parts I and II is placed in the larger context of current eosinophil research, and areas of study are identified that may improve our understanding of eosinophil biology in equine health and clinical disease.
The Importance of History to the Erasing‐History Defence
Authors: Abrahams Daniel Alexander 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article, I argue that that the primary goal of statues honouring public figures is to create and shape a collective identity. The way that these statues further the goal of identity is not by holding up the subjects of the statues as admirable but rather by asserting that the subjects were in some way objectively important and central to some group surrounding the statue. I will look at the defences for keeping statues of and awards named after John A. Macdonald and show that the primary concern is not with defending the character of Macdonald but rather that removing him is ‘erasing history’. These defences are not about defending Macdonald as a person but rather defending a conception of the Canadian identity that requires Macdonald play a central role. Against these defences of Macdonald, I show that the ‘objective history’ case for him and other such similar figures fails. In the particular case of Macdonald, it fails because he was actually not that important for Canadian history. In the general case of negative public figures, I provide a short defence of how group identities are not static and not unchangeably rooted in a single historically based articulation.