bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stent implantation: Retrospective analysis after 12- and 24-month follow-up
Authors: Neuhann Raphael , Neuhann Tobias 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The study aimed to investigate the 24-month safety and efficacy of implantation of two second-generation iStent inject trabecular micro-bypass stents with concomitant cataract surgery.

Methods
This consecutive case series included 164 eyes of 109 patients implanted with the iStent inject® device with concomitant cataract surgery. The series was comprised of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (n = 84), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (n = 42), normal-tension glaucoma (n = 18), and ocular hypertension (n = 20). All 164 eyes reached 9–14 months of follow-up (“12-month consistent cohort”), with a subset of 88 eyes reaching 21–26 months of follow-up (“24-month consistent cohort”). Performance outcome measures included intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of glaucoma medications. Safety outcomes included intra- or postoperative complications, the need for secondary procedures and corrected distance visual acuity. Comparisons of change in continuous (e.g., IOP) and categorical (e.g., proportions of eyes on zero medications) measures between baseline and postoperative times were made with the paired t-test and McNemar’s chi-squared test, respectively.

Results
At 12 months postoperatively, IOP was reduced by 25.5% (from 20.0 ± 5.5 mmHg to 14.9 ± 2.0 mmHg; p < 0.001); at 24 months postoperatively, IOP was reduced by 26.6% (from 20.3 ± 6.1 mmHg to 14.9 ± 1.9 mmHg; p < 0.001). At 12 months postoperatively, mean number of glaucoma medications was reduced by 85.0% (from 2.0 ± 1.0 to 0.3 ± 0.8 medications; p < 0.001); at 24 months postoperatively, mean number of medications was reduced by 81.0% (from 2.1 ± 1.1 to 0.4 ± 0.8 medications; p < 0.001). After 12 months, 96.3% of eyes had an IOP ≤ 18 mmHg and 58.5% of eyes had an IOP ≤ 15 mmHg, with 81.1% of eyes free of any medication, compared to 1.8% of eyes medication-free in the 12-month cohort at baseline. After 24 months, 98.9% of eyes had an IOP ≤ 18 mmHg and 53.4% of eyes had an IOP ≤ 15 mmHg, with 72.7% free of medication compared to 1.1% of eyes medication-free in the 24-month cohort at baseline. Overall, a high safety profile was observed with no significant postoperative complications.

Conclusions
The insertion of iStent inject (comprised of two second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents) with cataract surgery effectively provides a sustained reduction in IOP with a markedly improved medication burden up to 24 months postoperatively.
The long-term health and wellbeing impacts of Healthy New Towns (HNTs): protocol for a baseline and feasibility study of HNT demonstrator sites in England
Authors: Watts Paul , Rance Susanna , McGowan Victoria , Brown Heather , Bambra Clare , Findlay Gail , Harden Angela 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Increasing levels of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), mental health problems, high rates of unhealthy behaviours and health inequalities remain major public health challenges worldwide. In the context of increasing urbanisation, there is an urgent need to understand how evidence that living environments shape health, wellbeing and behaviour can be used to design and deliver healthy environments in local urban settings. The Healthy New Town (HNT) programme implemented in England from 2015 consists of ten major housing developments that aim to improve population health through healthy design principles, new models for integrating health and social care and the creation of strong and connected communities. The programme provides a natural experiment in which to investigate the effects on health, wellbeing and inequalities of large-scale interventions targeting the wider social determinants of health.

Methods
The research described in this protocol aims to examine the feasibility of a larger study to assess the longer-term health impacts of HNTs, by addressing two research questions: (1) what are the similarities and differences in the HNT programme developments, processes, contexts and expected impacts and outcomes across HNT sites? and (2) how feasible is the use of data from routine sources and existing HNT evaluations and as the baseline for a definitive study to assess impact on health, wellbeing, behavioural and economic outcomes and programme processes? The research will consist of (a) participatory systems mapping with stakeholders to produce a theoretical framework for a longer-term study on the HNT programme, (b) synthesis of existing qualitative data from local HNT evaluations to understand local processes and intervention mechanisms, (c) scoping local and routinely available data to establish a baseline and feasibility for a longer-term study of health and economic outcomes, and (d) building relationships and recruiting HNT sites into the proposed research.

Discussion
The proposed research will produce a theoretical framework and assess the feasibility of a definitive study of outcomes of the HNT programme. This research is necessary to understand how longer-term health, wellbeing, behavioural and economic outcomes can be measured, and to inform a definitive study to generate evidence on the effectiveness of the HNT programme.
Towards a motivational design? Connecting gamification user types and online learning activities
Authors: Bovermann Klaudia , Bastiaens Theo J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMotivation is a crucial factor for students’ learning behavior and plays a key role in the concept of gamification to foster students’ motivation through specific gamification mechanics and elements. User types for gamification and associated gamification mechanics can classify students’ interests and learning preferences and provide explanations for their motivational learning behavior. This study investigated how five gamification user types may relate to six mainly used online learning activities in a distance online bachelor’s and master’s class in educational science through the use of a systematic approach. A total of 86 students participated in the questionnaire in a cross-sectional study. The findings showed average agreement shares for all five gamification user types. The correlations revealed that the six online learning activities were at least significantly connected to one of the five gamification user types, and both person-centered and environment-centered perspectives were displayed. Finally, the results were discussed, and implications were derived for a motivational design.
Production of radiometals in liquid targets
Authors: do Carmo Sergio J. C. , Scott Peter J. H. , Alves Francisco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver the last several years, the use of radiometals has gained increasing relevance in supporting the continuous development of new, complementary and more specific biological targeting agents. Radiopharmaceuticals labelled with radiometals from elements such as Tc, Zr, Y, Ga and Cu received increasing attention as they find application in both diagnostic SPECT and PET imaging techniques and radiotherapeutic purposes. Such interest stems from the wide variety of radionuclides available with distinct and complementary nuclear decay characteristics to choose from with unequalled specificity, but can also be explained by growing demand in targeted radionuclide therapy. As a result, as routine supply of these radiometals becomes mandatory, studies describing their production processes have expanded rapidly. Although most radiometals are traditionally provided by the irradiation of solid targets in specialized cyclotrons, recently developed techniques for producing radiometals through the irradiation of liquid targets have received growing attention due to compatibility with commonly available small medical cyclotrons, promising characteristics and encouraging results. Irradiating liquid targets to produce radiometals appears as a fast, reliable, convenient and cost-efficient alternative to the conventional solid target techniques, characterized by complex and time-consuming pre- and post-irradiation target handling. Production of radiometals in liquid targets incorporated to complete manufacturing processes for daily routine is already recognized as a viable alternative and complementary supply methodology to existing solid target based infrastructures to satisfy growing clinical demands. For instance, several sites already use the approach to produce68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals for clinical use. This review article covers the production of common radiometals with clinical potential through the irradiation liquid targets. A comparison with the traditional solid target irradiation methods is presented when relevant.
Sexuality and sexual dysfunctions in older people: a forgotten problem
Authors: Slack Philip , Aziz Victor M. 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYThis article considers sexuality in older adults and the associated stereotypes and stigmas that lead to this area being underappreciated. Normal physiological changes in ageing are discussed and how they can cause sexual dysfunction. The elderly population has a higher burden of comorbid physical illness and this review considers evidence on the interplay between physical health and sexual health. Mental illness is also strongly linked with sexual functioning and is discussed, as is the evidence on psychotropics and sexual side-effects. Attitudes on sexuality in long-term care settings are highlighted and approaches to managing sexual disinhibition are included.
Access to WHO Essential Medicines for Childhood Cancer Care in Trinidad and Tobago: A Health System Analysis of Barriers and Enablers
Authors: Tang Brandon , Bodkyn Curt , Gupta Sumit , Denburg Avram 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE Improving access to essential medicines is necessary to reduce global mortality resulting from childhood cancer. However, there is a lack of context-specific data in many low- to middle-income countries on the determinants of access to essential childhood cancer medicines. We conducted a mixed-methods case study of the barriers to and enablers of access to WHO essential medicines for childhood cancer care in Trinidad and Tobago, in response to domestic calls for policy attention and reform. METHODS We interviewed stakeholders (N = 9) across the pharmaceutical supply system using a novel analytic framework and qualitative interview guide. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with constant comparative methods to capture emergent themes. Quantitatively, we examined alignment of the national essential medicines list with the 2017 WHO Essential Medicines List for Children (EMLc). National buyer prices for EMLc cancer medicines were compared with median international prices, with calculation of median price ratios to assess procurement efficiency. RESULTS Principal barriers identified included a lack of data-driven procurement, low supplier incentive to engage in tenders, reactive rather than proactive processes in response to stockouts, and siloed information systems. Recurring themes of regionalization, standardization, and proactivity emerged as priorities for policy reform. Quantitative analysis of the national essential medicines list and median price ratios for procured medicines aligned with findings reported qualitatively. CONCLUSION Our study contributes to global efforts to improve childhood cancer care by identifying policy-relevant evidence on access to essential childhood cancer medicines and providing a model for future studies in other jurisdictions.
Effect of Midazolam in Addition to Propofol and Opiate Sedation on the Quality of Recovery After Colonoscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gurunathan Usha , Rahman Tony , Williams Zelda , Vandeleur Ann , Sriram Sweta , Harch Jennifer , Boggett Stuart , Hill Cindy , Bowyer Andrea , Royse Colin 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:
There is a concern that midazolam, when used as a component of sedation for colonoscopy, may impair cognition and prolong recovery. We aimed to identify whether midazolam produced short- and longer-term effects on multiple dimensions of recovery including cognition.

METHODS:
A 2-center double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized, phase IV study with a 1:1 allocation ratio was conducted in adults ≥18 years of age undergoing elective outpatient colonoscopy, with sufficient English language proficiency to complete the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale (PostopQRS). Participants were administered either midazolam (0.04 mg·kg−1) or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline before sedation with propofol with or without an opiate. The primary outcome was incidence of recovery in the cognitive domain of the PostopQRS on day 3 after colonoscopy, which was analyzed using a χ2 test. Secondary outcomes included recovery in other domains of the PostopQRS over time, time to eye-opening, and hospital stay, and patient and endoscopist satisfaction. All hypotheses were defined before recruitment.

RESULTS:
During September 2015 to June 2018, 406 patients were allocated to either midazolam (n = 201) or placebo (n = 205), with one withdrawn before allocation. There was no significant difference in recovery in the cognitive domain of the PostopQRS on day 3 after colonoscopy (midazolam 86.8% vs placebo 88.7%, odds ratio, 0.838; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42–1.683; P= .625). Furthermore, there was no difference in recovery over time in the cognitive domain of the PostopQRS (P = .534). Overall recovery of the PostopQRS increased over time but was not different between groups. Furthermore, there were no differences between groups for nociceptive, emotive, activities-of-daily-living domains of the PostopQRS. Patient and endoscopist satisfaction were high and not different. There were no differences in time to eye-opening (midazolam 9.4 ± 12.8 minutes vs placebo 7.3 ± 0.7 minutes; P = .055), or time to hospital discharge (midazolam 103.4 ± 1.4 minutes vs placebo 98.4 ± 37.0 minutes; P = .516).

CONCLUSIONS:
The addition of midazolam 0.04 mg·kg−1 as adjunct to propofol and opiate sedation for elective colonoscopy did not show evidence of any significant differences in recovery in the cognitive domain of the PostopQRS, overall quality of recovery as measured by the PostopQRS, or emergence and hospital discharge times. The use of midazolam should be determined by the anesthesiologist.
Genetic diversity assessment of Hemibagrus nemurus from rivers in Java Island, Indonesia using COI gene
Authors: Nuryanto Agus , NUNUNG KOMALAWATI  , SUGIHARTO  
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Nuryanto A, Komalawati N, Sugiharto. 2019. Genetic diversity assessment of Hemibagrus nemurus from rivers in Java Island, Indonesia using COI gene. Biodiversitas 20: 2707-2717. Green catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is a popular freshwater fish that highly exploited in almost all the rivers in Java Island. The exploited population tends to have low genetic diversity. Meanwhile, separated populations might lead to a genetic difference among the river populations. This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity and population variation of H. nemurus collected at eleven rivers across Java Island. The analysis based on 465 bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene from 140 individuals. Analysis of overall populations proved that H. nemurus had a high gene diversity (h= 0.935±0.016) and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.073±0.036). Within population analysis also showed that H. nemurus populations showed high levels of gene diversity (h= 0.338±0.128 to 1.000±0.022) and nucleotide diversity (π =0.001±0.001 to 0.071±0.038). Those diversity values indicated that H. nemurus had high level of genetic diversity, except for the Citanduy population. Population comparison showed that significant genetic differences observed among populations (p= 0.000 for both variance component and Fst-value). However, pairwise comparison analysis indicated complex pattern of population differentiation. The high genetic diversity and complex pattern of population differentiation have important implication for H. nemurus conservation in Java Island.
Trends in the delivery of elective general paediatric surgery
Authors: Tiboni SG , Stewart RJ 
Published: January 2020

Introduction There has been regular dialogue regarding the importance of developing clinical networks to compensate for the steady decline in general paediatric surgery performed by adult surgeons. Despite this dialogue, there are no contemporary published data to quantify the issue. This report documents patterns in delivery of general paediatric surgery in England and shows what is being performed where and by whom. Materials and methods Using the Surgical Workload Outcome Database, we compared hospital-level data between 2009 and 2017. Inclusion criteria were children under 18 years admitted to NHS hospitals in England for elective general paediatric surgery. Data were analysed with an online statistical package performing paired t-tests. Results There was no real change in the overall number of elective general paediatric surgical marker cases, but the type mix has changed. The number of marker cases performed by adult surgeons fell by 34% (4699 vs 3090 p < 0.05). The number of marker cases performed by specialist paediatric surgeons increased by 21% (8184 vs 9862 p < 0.05). This increase in workload occurred in both tertiary (21% increase) and peripheral (18% increase) centres. When analysing data by operation type it was apparent that 78% of the increased workload was attributable to an increase in orchidopexy rate. Conclusion Best practice is to treat children close to home by staff with the right skills. This study shows significant shifts in the general paediatric surgical workload. It is important to monitor these trends for successful succession planning as well as configuration of services.
Mini-mesh and Lichtenstein repair compared with a modified Kugel technique for femoral hernia: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang D , Shen Y , Wang F , Chen J , Chen Y , Zhang Y 
Published: January 2020

Introduction A modified Kugel patch is more expensive than ordinary mesh and demands a wide dissection of the preperitoneal space in femoral hernia repair. We therefore adopted a novel method using mini-mesh and a Lichtenstein repair. This study compared mini-mesh and Lichtenstein repair with a modified Kugel technique in patients with a primary unilateral femoral hernia. Methods Patients with unilateral femoral hernia were assigned randomly to undergo mini-mesh and Lichtenstein repair (M group) or modified Kugel repair (K group), followed-up at one week, three months, one year and two years. Demographics, hernia characteristics and operative outcomes of two groups were analysed. Results A total of 48 patients in the K group and 49 participants in the M group completed follow-up. The operation time for the M group (68.6 ± 13.4 minutes) was significantly shorter than that of the K group (80.6 ± 10.1 minutes; p=0.030). There was no significant difference between the two groups for chronic pain, foreign body feeling and quality of life, and no recurrence occurred. Conclusions Mini-mesh and Lichtenstein repairs have reasonable results in the patients with femoral hernia in this study, with a reduced operation time compared with a modified Kugel repair. The trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry: ChiCTR1900022264.
La protección de los derechos fundamentales de la persona trabajadora ante la utilización de GPS: ¿reformulación o continuidad?
Authors: Cuadros Garrido María Elisa 
Published: January 2020

Los datos de tiempo-localización son una de las fuentes del Big Data más sensibles a la privacidad de los usuarios; por ello tienen una enorme aplicación práctica, además de la oportunidad del uso de grandes volúmenes de datos, traen consigo enormes riesgos para la privacidad y son una enorme fuente creciente de datos. Desde la óptica de la regularidad de la obtención de las informaciones del GPS, con el objeto de que puedan servir de prueba en un posible proceso judicial, por ello hay que entender que nos encontramos, en muchos casos, ante datos sensibles de la vida privada, por lo que en España se ha optado por una regulación expresa de la materia. La normativa actual vigente, establece un deber de información previo a la fiscalización del GPS, de manera a que obliga que se detalle por parte de la empresa de manera previa, expresa, clara e inequívoca. El derecho que resulta más afectado aquí es la autodeterminación informativa por su relación instrumental con el derecho a la intimidad este segundo derecho que también es objeto de protección, pero no de una manera colateral por lo que la redacción del precepto no es del todo afortunada, lo que podemos afirmar sin dudarlo que ello puede llevar a posibles interpretaciones judiciales contradictorias.
Воспроизводство населения Новониколаевской и Алтайской губерний в 1920-1927 гг.
Authors: Косыгина Светлана Валерьевна 
Published: January 2020

Впервые представлены показатели воспроизводства населения Алтайской и Новониколаевской губерний с целью охарактеризовать развитие демографического перехода после Первой мировой и Гражданской войн в 1920-1927 гг. Были сделаны выводы, что демографические кризисы не остановили поступательный процесс демографического перехода, а лишь на время прервали его. Коэффициенты рождаемости в губернии были сверхвысокими, коэффициенты смертности до 1926 г. были выше «нормы», тенденция снижения смертности наметилась лишь к 1927 г. Определены причины изменений численности населения, наивысший рост численности пришелся на 1926 г., минимальный уровень наблюдался в 1920-1922 гг.
Показатели брачности в 1920-1924 г. были стабильно высокими, средний показатель был выше 10%о. С 1925 г. интенсивность брачности снизилась, но средний показатель в 1925-1927 гг. оставался выше среднего (8,7%), брачность была высокой, как следствие, с 1923 г. мы наблюдаем увеличение прироста населения губерний.
Хронологические рамки охватывают 1920-1927 гг. Выбор нижней границы связан с возможностью сравнить самые кризисные эпидемические коэффициенты 1920-1922 гг. с «нестабильными» послевоенными. Верхняя граница — 1927 г. — определяется значительным снижением коэффициента смертности в обеих губерниях.
В работе выдвинуты следующие задачи: на основе архивных документов определить изменения численности и режима воспроизводства населения губернии; выявить отличия в воспроизводстве населения Новониколаевской и Алтайской губерний. Метод вычисления общих коэффициентов воспроизводства населения и табличный метод применялись во всей работе.