bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historisitas Aliran Neo-Klasik Dalam Kesusastraan Arab
Authors: Maryam Sitti 
Published: June 2020

Arabic literature has undergone such a long journey from the time of the beginning of the time of Jahili, the period of Islam, the period of Muawiyah service, Abasiah, the Ottoman dynasty, and the modern period until now. In each period of this development, Arabic literature experienced innovations that differentiated it from other periods. In the modern phase in particular, it turns out that Arabic literature has a variety of literary schools that have appeared alternately, both because of the motivation of criticism of the literary models that emerged before and because of refining other streams that emerged in the same period of time.
The emergence of this neoclassical school was initially a reaction to Napoleon's arrival in Egypt in 1798, which marked the entry of French culture into the Arab world. This school also maintains strong Arabic poetry rules, for example the necessity to use wazan, qāfiyah, the number of words is very large, the uslūb is very strong, the themes still follow the previous period, such as madah, ritsa (lamentations), ghazal, fakhr, and the movement from one topic to another in one qasidah (ode)
Problems raised in this study include: 1. What is the history of Arabic literature? 2. What are the factors that arouse Arabic literature? 3. Who are the pioneers of the neoclassical school? The results in this study are: 1. The history of Arabic literature has experienced such a long journey from the period beginning at the time of Jahili, the period of Islam, the period of Muawiyah's service, Abasiah, the Ottoman dynasty, and the modern period until now. During the Abbasid period there was a period of emotion in Arabic literature, and suffered a setback during the Ottoman period until the beginning of this phase since the reign of Muhammad Ali in Egypt after colonialization Francis ended in 1801. 2. The factors include: Al-Madaris (School -school), Al-Mathba'ah (Printing), Ash-Shuhuf / Al-Jaro'id (Newspaper), and Tarjamah.3. One of the pioneers of the neoclassical school of Arabic poetry or commonly called al-Muhāfizun is Mahmud Sami al Barudi
Keywords: arabic literary history, factors, flow, neo classical figure
تطوير المواد التعليمية لمهارة الكلام على أساس المواقف لطلاب مركز اللغة العربية معهد دار العلوم بانيوأنيار باميكاسان
Authors: Mabrurrosi Mabrurrosi 
Published: June 2020

إن تطوير المواد التعليمية محاولة مهمة ولها درو في إنجاح عملية التعلم والتعليم. والمواد التعليمية التى وجدها الباحث في الكتاب المقرر لتعليم مهارة الكلام لطلاب مركز اللغة العربية بمعهد دار العلوم بانيوأنيار الإسلامي باميكاسان محدودة ولا تكيف حاجات الطلاب على التديب الشفوي وفقا لمواقهم الاتصالية حتى تؤدي إلى تنمية قدرتهم على الكلام. انحصر الكتاب على الحورات فحسب وعرض المفردات المنتشرة في كل الصحيفة. قد يؤدي هذا المجال إلى عدم نجاج الطلاب في تعليم مهارة الكلام. يهدف هذا البحث إلى تطوير المواد التعليمية لمهارة الكلام وإنتاجها وقياسها لطلاب مركز اللغة العربية بمعهد دار العلوم بانيو أنيار الإسلامي باميكاسان مدورا جوى الشرقية لترقية مهارة الكلام والاتصال وفقا لمواقفهم اليومية.
ومدخل هذا البحث هو المدخل الكمي و الكيفي على منهج البحث والتطوير (R & D).
أما نتائج البحث فيمكن أن تلخص فيما يأتي: (1) إن إجراءات تطوير المواد التعليمية لمهارة الكلام لطلاب مركز اللغة العربية بمعهد دار العلوم بانيوأنيار باميكاسان هي: تحليل الاحتياجات، والتخطيط والتطوير، وتطوير المواد، وتحكيم الخبراء، والتعديل والتصحيح، والتجربة الميدانية، التعديلات والتصحيحات الأخيرة. (1) المواد التعليمية الجديدة التي طورها الباحث لها فعاليتها في ترقية قدرة الطلاب عند أداء تعبيرهم الشفهي من حيث نطقهم الأصوات العربية والطلاقة وفي قدرتهم على استخدام المفردات اللغوية، يبدو ذلك عندما قارن الباحث بين النتائج في الاختبار القبلي والاختبار البعدي، وذلك أن درجة تاء حساب (t0) في هذا البحث (93،3) أكبر من درجة تاء جدول على مستوى 99% (2,83).
الكلمات المفتاحية: تطوير المواد التعليمية ، مهارة الكلام، أساس المواقف
Hubugan Bahasa, Semiotika dan Pikiran dalam berkomunikasi
Authors: Hasbullah M 
Published: June 2020

Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi oleh sekelompok manusia untuk melahirkan perasaan dan pemikiran. Sejak jaman purba manusia sudah tertarik untuk menyelidiki seluk beluk bahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap asal mula perkembangan bahasa dan merefleksikan hubungannya dengan semiotika dan pikiran. Hasil dari penelitiam ini menyimpulkan bahwa Bahasa, semiotika dan pikiran memiliki keterkaitan yang saling mempengaruhi (resiprokal). Dalam wacana lingguistik, bahasa diberi pengertian sebagai sistem simbol bunyi yang bermakna dan berartikulasi, yang dipakai sebagai alat komunikasi, sedangkan dalam pengertian metaforis, istilah bahasa mengacu pada berbagai cara komunikasi atau berkontak (isyarat atau simbol lainnya). Adapun semiotika mempelajari sistem-sistem, aturan-aturan, yang memungkinkan tanda-tanda tersebut mempunyai arti. Sedangkan pikiran akan membuat enkode semantic dan encode gramatikal didalam otak pembicara, dilanjutkan dengan membuat encode fonologi. Kemudian di lanjutkan dengan penyusunan decode fonologi, decode gramatikal, dan decide semantic pada pihak pendengar yang terjadi di dalam otaknya sehingga komunikasi kedua belah pihak antara pembicara dan pendengar dapat saling mengerti dan memahami.
Pemberdayaan Yatim Berdasarkan Nilai-Nilai Al-Qur’an Dalam Pengelolaan Panti Asuhan Pimpinan Daerah Muhammadiyah Kabupaten Pamekasan
Authors: Masduki Hendri , Masduki Habibah 
Published: June 2020

Al-Qur’an mempunyai perhatian yang sangat khusus terhadap anak yatim. Perhatian Al-Qur’an terhadap anak yatim ini telah muncul sejak masa awal turunnya wahyu sampai pada masa akhir di saat-saat wahyu tersebut lengkap dan sempurna. Perhatian terhadap anak Yatim, tidak hanya dilakukan institusi Negara, akan tetapi juga dilakukan oleh organisasi kemasyarakatan yang secara kelembagaan berbentuk panti asuhan, yang mempunyai misi mulia dalam kerangka pemberdayaan anak Yatim, sebagai refleksi terhadap amanah terbesar Al-Qur’an dan Islam kepada kaum muslimin. Berangkat dari pemikiran ini maka judul dalam penelitian ini adalah: “Pemberdayaan Yatim Berdasarkan Nilai-Nilai Al-Qur’an Dalam Pengelolaan Panti Asuhan Pimpinan Daerah Muhammadiyah Kabupaten Pamekasan”. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian Lapangan (field reasearch), dengan metode kualitatif. Metode kualitatif, adalah suatu penelitian yang tidak mempersoalkan hubungan variabel dalam penelitian, dan tidak tigunakan operasi hitung matematika, dan atau angka-angka. Metode kualitatif, adalah suatu metode yang bertujauan untuk menggambarkan secara naratif tentang temuan-temuan penelitian dilapangan, yang selanjutnya penelitian ini disebut penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam proses pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan wawancara (interview) dan observasi sebagai data pokok atau data primer. Sedangkan untuk mendapatkan data sekunder atau penunjang, peneliti menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah analis deskriptif, model interaktif Miles and Huberman yang terdiri dari: pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dan selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian keabsahan data, dengan menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Triangulasi data adalah suatu metode dengan cara membandingkan data-data yang terkumpul dari berbagai teknik yang berbeda. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pertama, Pemberdayaan Yatim adalah proses pengabdian spiritualitas Keagamaan untuk menjalankan risalah Al-Qur’an, guna untuk memperoleh Ridla Allah SWT; Kedua, Pemberdayaan Yatim adalah proses pemenuhan kebutuhan kepada Yatim yang sejatinya butuh pengayoman, baik secara jasmaniyah maupun secara batiniyah; dan Ketiga Pemberdayaan Yatim adalah proses penyelamatan terhadap harta Yatim sebagai tanggung jawab spiritual dan sosial
Menopausal Symptom Experience Among Middle Aged Women in Pokhara
Authors: Regmi Radhika , Gurung Neha 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Menopause is the point when a woman no longer has menstrual periods. At this stage, the ovaries have stopped releasing eggs and producing most of their estrogen. Menopause is diagnosed when a woman has gone without a period for 12 consecutive months. The aim of the study is to assess the menopausal symptoms experience among middle aged women.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among purposively selected 100 menopausal women in Fulbari-11, Pokhara using structured interview schedule. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, frequency) and Inferential statistics (chi-square) in SPSS version 20. Data were presented in tabular form.
Results: The findings revealed that 83 percent had mild symptoms experience. The most menopausal women experienced physical, psychological and sexual symptoms. The physical problems included as joint and muscular symptoms (80%), dryness of vagina (72%), bladder problems (60%), hot flushes (47%) and heart discomfort (43%). Similarly, the common psychological problems included anxiety (79%) physical and mental exhaustion (72%), irritability (70%), depressive mood (67%), and sleeping problems (61%) and sexual problems (37%). Menopausal symptom experience is statistically significant to source of information and type of family.
Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is more than 60 percent menopausal women experienced menopausal symptoms. Joint and muscular problems, and psychological problems were the significant problems. Sexual problem is the least.
Perceived Stress and Its Associated Factors Among Nursing Students Regarding Clinical Learning Environment
Authors: Adhikari Binita , Ojha Jenny 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Stress is a state of mental or emotional strain resulting from demanding circumstances. This study aims to assess the perceived stress and its associated factors among nursing students regarding clinical learning environment.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 172 Proficiency Certificate Level nursing students of second year. The respondents were selected using lottery method and information collected using the semi-structured selfadministered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics with Chi-square test were performed.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 18.17±0.612. The study revealed that more than half (54.7%) students had Moderate stress, 41.3% had Mild and 4.0% had Severe stress regarding clinical learning environment. The clinical learning environment related factors such as: using or handling unfamiliar equipment (χ 2 =7.646,df=1, p=0.006), Interpersonal relationship with clinical supervisor (χ2 =7.516,df=1,p=0.006) were significantly associated with perceivedstress regarding clinical learning environment.
Conclusions: The study revealed that more than half (54.7%) students had Moderate stress, 41.3% had Mild and 4.0% had Severe stress regarding clinical learning environment.
Perceived Effectiveness of Pictorial Health Warning Labels of Tobacco Products and Associated Factors among Smokers and Quitters in Kaski District, Nepal
Authors: Budha Kamal Bahadur , Adhikari Chiranjivi , Gahatraj Nand Ram 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Globally, tobacco kills more than seven million people per year. In Nepal, more than fifty different types of tobacco products, both in smoke and smokeless forms, are available. Pictorial health warning labels (PHWLs) on tobacco products provide an effective way to aware both literates and illiterates about the health effects of tobacco use. This study aimed to assess the perceived effectiveness of pictorial health warning labels of tobacco products and associated factors among smokers and quitters.
Methods: The study design was community-based cross-sectional analytical with the quantitative method. We interviewed 389 adults (111 Quitters and 278 Smokers) of Kaski district. The sample was taken from both rural and urban areas based on existing household proportion. Ethical approval was taken from NHRC. We entered data in EpiData and analyzed in SPSS softwares. The perceived effectiveness scores of PHWLs were calculated (alpha ranges from 0.91 to 0.96) and compared among different groups using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kruskal-Wallis test with the Dunn’s multiple comparisons. The perceived effectiveness score of PHWLs were correlated with discrete covariates using Spearman rank correlation.
Results: Nearly one-third of the participants (32.7%) had bought a single piece of tobacco product, which is not allowed in Nepal. Nearly sixteen percentage of the participants were moderate to high level of nicotine dependent. Only twelve percent of participants wanted to quit or already quitted as s/he saw the PHWLs. Scores of Premature birth was statistically significant (p=0.031) on smoking status. Martial status, ethnicity, any family member use tobacco, age at first exposure psychological response, behavioral response and message credibility were statistically significant for the perceived effectiveness of PHWLs among smokers. Whereas place of resident, education status, age, psychological response, behavioral response, self efficacy and message credibility were statistically significant at p<0.05 for the perceived effectiveness of PHWLs among quitters.
Conclusions: This study concluded that premature type of PHWL was more effective than other type of PHWLs. The interventional program along with social and behavior change communication should be focused on the psychological, behavioral related and geographical setting. Further research is suggested to carryout the interventional study addressing behavioral and psychological factors.
Prevalence of syphilis in people living with HIV/AIDS: A Hospital based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jaiswal Suresh , Banstola Laxman , Shrestha Manisha , Sapkota Srijana , Sharma Sujan , Lamsal Sunita , Maharjan Urusha , Bhujel Sabina Rana , Tiwari Bishnu Raj 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease is one of the oldest diseases caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, has been a major public health concern worldwide. The aim is to find out the prevalence of syphilis and its risk factors among people with HIV at Western Regional hospital in Nepal.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at one of the largest public hospitals in Western Region of Nepal. A consecutive 90 HIV-positive patients were recruited prospectively from December 2016 to February 2017. Blood samples and data on sociodemographic and risk factors were collected. Serum were diagnosed for syphilis using Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test.
Results: The prevalence of syphilis infection was 12.2% in HIV positive participants. Syphilis occurred exclusively in male 7 comparatively 4 in female. Seropositivity of syphilis was seen higher in married than unmarried HIV infected individuals. Syphilis prevalence seems to increase with increasing age, with the highest rate in the age group 35–50 years. A decreasing rate of syphilis was observed with increasing educational level, where illiterate HIV-positive participants had higher infection compared with those having at least a certificate.
Conclusion: Higher prevalence of syphilis in people with HIV infection demands the need to target this people to prevent the transmission of both infections. Testing for all HIV-infected people for syphilis and management of the infected would have clinical and epidemiological importance.
Factors Associated with Depression among Elderly People Living In Old Aged Homes of Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Dhungana Ananta Raj 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Depression is an important public health challenge in developing countries. Old people have a much higher risk of suicide then the general populations and are suffered from depression. In this context, this study aims to find the factors associated with depression among elderly people living in old aged homes in Pokhara.
Methods: Three major elderly homes of Pokhara were selected purposively. Then information was collected from all the elderly people living in these old aged homes. Geriatric Depression Scale was used to find the depression level of the elderly people. Chi-squared test was applied to find the factors associated with degree of depression among these elderly people.
Results: Majority of the elderly people were suffered from depression (80.7%). Female were highly suffered from depression with respect to male. Age, sex, marital status, and previous occupation of the respondents have significant association with degree of depression. Further, there was significant association between degree of depression and the activities for entertainment in elderly homes.
Conclusions: Age, sex, marital status, previous occupation, and activities for entertainment in elderly homes were the major factors associated with degree of depression. The concerned organization and other authorities should give attention regarding the more entertainment activities for elderly people.
Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and its Associated Factors among Adolescent Girls Studying in Technical Schools of Dang, Nepal
Authors: Baidhya Nirdesh , Prasad Paneru Damaru 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological disorder and more often a cause of shame, anxiety and embarrassment among female adolescents. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea worldwide ranges 15.8-89.5%, with higher prevalence rates reported among adolescent female. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its associated factors among adolescent girls studying in Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) at Ghorahi Sub-metro Politian Dang, Nepal.
Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from February, 2019 to August, 2019 among adolescent girls in technical schools of Dang, Nepal. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 452 adolescent girls and only 375 adolescent girls were included in the study. Census method was adopted. Data were checked, coded and entered into Epi-data (version 3.1) and transferred to SPSS (version 20) for analysis. Univariate, bivariate and multi variable analyses were carried out. Binary logistic regression model were computed and P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. All ethical procedures were considered.
Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 75.2%, among them half of the respondents experienced moderate pain (50.7%), followed by mild (26.6%) and severe (22.7%). Family history of dysmenorrhea, AOR (95% CI) = 7.657 (4.036, 14.528), early menarche AOR (95% CI) = 15.662 (7.583, 32.351), underweight AOR (95% CI) = 0.361 (0.149, 0.874) had statistically significant association with the dysmenorrhea.
Conclusion: Three-quarters of the adolescent girls experienced dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls is associated with family history, early menarche, whereas underweight was found to be protective factors for the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. All girls entering into menarchhe should be oriented with dysmenorrhea management practices to maintain physical, physiological and psycho- social health.
Awareness on Uterine Prolapse among Parous Women in Pokhara, Kaski
Authors: Parajuli Shobha , Lawot Isabel 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Uterine prolapse (UP) is a common reproductive morbidity in Nepal. The greater number of women of all ages is suffering from the problem but they exist in silence as it is greatly associated with social stigma, isolation, discrimination and violence. The condition might be due to lack of awareness on uterine prolapse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the awareness regarding uterine prolapse among parous women in Pokhara, Kaski.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical research was conducted on a sample of 226 parous women aged between 20 to 59 years residing in Pokhara with probability, cluster sampling technique. Data was collected from June 26 to July 23, 2017 by the use of structured interview schedule. Data was entered into Epi-Data and further analyzed by using SPSS. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at 5% level of significance.
Results: The study found that the mean score of the participants was 38.72 ± 3.98. Among parous women, 58.40 percent had good level of awareness, 41.60 percent had fair level of awareness and none of them exhibited poor level of awareness on uterine prolapse. Only few (20.35%) of them had heard about kegel exercise. The result further showed that there is statistically significant association of level of awareness with ethnic group (p=.004, OR=2.30) and experience ofuterine prolapse (p=.017, OR= 2.37).
Conclusion: It is concluded that just above fifty percent of the parous women had good level of awareness on uterine prolapse and most of them had not even heard about kegel exercise. Therefore, it is necessary to plan and implement the awareness raising programs continuously as it is the major area of concern among parous women.
Technological and Efficiency Change on Zakat Organization: Evidence in Indonesia
Authors: Slamet Rusydian Aam , Widiastuti Tika 
Published: June 2020

Zakah institution is the intermediary organizations based on social. Although based on social activities, but the management is still needs to uphold professional, accountability and transparency principles. This study attempts to analyze the productivity level of zakat organization in Indonesia, both in terms of changes of its efficiency and also its technological. There are two things that are calculated in Malmquist index measurement that is catch-up effect and frontier shift effect. The catch-up effect measures the rate of change in relative efficiency from period 1 to period 2. Meanwhile the frontier shift effect measures the rate of technological change that is a combination of input and output from period 1 to period 2. The frontier shift effect is often called an innovation effect. Findings from the results of the productivity index analysis are very interesting. In general, there has been an increase in the level of productivity of zakat institutions in Indonesia in the period 2011 to 2016. The increase in productivity growth (1.013) of zakat institutions in Indonesia is generally caused by technological change (1.014) instead of changes in efficiency (0.999). Thus the service of zakat institutions is needed which is more innovative in relation to the development of technology in the future.
Financial Innovation on Zakat Distribution and Economic Growth
Authors: Salma Al Azizah Ummu , Choirin Muhammad 
Published: June 2020

We investigate that the technological determinants and Islamic finance encouraging to speed up economic growth and poverty alleviation. We find that countries evidence more fintech startup formations when latest technology is readily available, zakat institutions are deep well developed. And also people which are touching with internet subscriptions. Furthermore, the available labor force has a positive impact on this new market segment through economic acceleration. Finally, the more usable fintech in collection and distribution zakat, the faster the development of country. Overall, the evidence suggests that fintech set off the formation need not be left to chance, but active policies can affect this new market emerge.