bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a multifaceted nurse‐led intervention to reduce indwelling urinary catheter use in four Australian hospitals: A pre‐ and postintervention study
Authors: Giles Michelle , Graham Laura , Ball Jean , King Jennie , Watts Wendy , Harris Alison , Oldmeadow Christopher , Ling Rod , Paul Michelle , O’Brien Anthony , Parker Vicki , Wiggers John , Foureur Maralyn 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to reduce indwelling urinary catheter (IDC) use and duration through implementation of a multifaceted “bundled” care intervention.BackgroundIndwelling urinary catheters present a risk for patients through the potential development of catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), with duration of IDC a key risk factor. Catheter‐associated urinary tract infection is considered preventable yet accounts for over a third of all hospital‐acquired infections. The most effective CAUTI reduction strategy is to avoid IDC use where ever possible and to remove the IDC as early as appropriate.DesignA cluster‐controlled pre‐ and poststudy at a facility level with a phased intervention implementation approach.MethodsA multifaceted intervention involving a “No CAUTI” catheter care bundle was implemented, in 4 acute‐care hospitals, 2 in metropolitan and 2 in rural locations, in New South Wales, Australia. Indwelling urinary catheter point prevalence and duration data were collected at the bedside on 1,630 adult inpatients at preintervention and 1,677 and 1,551 at 4 and 9 months postintervention. This study is presented in line with the StaRI checklist (see Appendix S1).ResultsA nonsignificant trend towards reduction in IDC prevalence was identified, from 12% preintervention to 10% of all inpatients at 4 and 9 months. Variability in preintervention IDC prevalence existed across hospitals (8%–16%). Variability in reduction was evident across hospitals at 4 months (between −2% and 4%) and 9 months (between 0%–8%). Hospitals with higher preintervention prevalence showed larger decreases, up to 50% when preintervention prevalence was 16%. Indwelling urinary catheter duration increased as more of the short‐term IDC placements were avoided.ConclusionsImplementation of a multifaceted intervention resulted in reduced IDC use in four acute‐care hospitals in Australia. This result was not statistically significant but did reflect a positive trend of reduction. There was a significant reduction in short‐term IDC use at 9 months postintervention.Relevance to clinical practiceClinical nurse leaders can effectively implement change strategies that influence patient outcomes. Implementation of the evidence‐based “No CAUTI” bundle increased awareness of appropriate indications and provided nurses with the tools to inform decision‐making related to insertion and removal of IDCs in acute inpatient settings. Working in partnership with inpatients and the multidisciplinary team is essential in minimising acute‐care IDC use.
Effectiveness of single‐dose administration of inactivated hepatitis A virus vaccination in the Republic of Korea armed forces, 2013‐2016
Authors: Im Jae Hyoung , Woo Hyeong‐Taek , Ha Beomman , Jung Jaehun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Republic of Korea Armed Forces has implemented the hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination programme with a single‐dose administration schedule in new recruits since 2013. A single‐dose administration was selected for economic feasibility. We analysed the effectiveness of the single‐dose HAV vaccination in a young and healthy population. To measure the effectiveness of the programme, we observed the incidence of HAV between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. A comparison between the two groups during the vaccine introduction period (2013‐2016) revealed a lower incidence rate of infection in the vaccinated group (3 cases/603 550 person‐years) than in the unvaccinated group (21 cases/1 020 450 person‐years). The effectiveness of single‐dose HAV vaccination was found to be 75.85%.
Wangdaodeite, the LiNbO3‐structured high‐pressure polymorph of ilmenite, a new mineral from the Suizhou L6 chondrite
Authors: Xie Xiande , Gu Xiangping , Yang Hexiong , Chen Ming , Li Kai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWangdaodeite, the shock‐induced lithium niobate–structured polymorph of ilmenite, was found in the Suizhou L6 chondrite. It occurs as small irregular particles (2–20 μm in size) inside or adjacent to the shock melt veins. Wangdaodeite coexists in veins with ringwoodite, majorite, and xieite. The chemical formula of wangdaodeite is FeTiO3. The empirical formula is: (Fe0.85Mg0.10Mn0.05)Σ1.00Ti0.99O3, which is similar to that of its host ilmenite. The Raman spectra of wangdaodeite display the bands at 174–179, 273–277, 560–567, 738–743 cm−1, which are different to those for ilmenite. TEM images show that ilmenite is composed of polysynthetic‐twinned crystals while wangdaodeite is composed of random‐oriented nanometric domains sized 20–50 nm. Electron diffraction established wangdaodeite to be trigonal with the lithium niobate structure. Cell parameters are: a = 5.13(1) Å, c = 13.78(1) Å; c/a = 2.69; space group R3c; calculated density = 4.72 g cm−3. The P–T conditions for formation of wangdaodeite were estimated to be 20–24 GPa and >1200 °C. The mineral name was approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature, and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA 2016‐007). The name is for Daode Wang, Professor at the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The gut in Parkinson’s disease: Bottom‐up, top‐down, or neither?
Authors: Leclair‐Visonneau Laurène , Neunlist Michel , Derkinderen Pascal , Lebouvier Thibaud 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe gut‐brain axis is a hot topic in Parkinson's disease. In an attempt to decipher its role in the disease pathogenesis, several animal models have been developed. Most of these models tried to reproduce Braak's hypothesis by showing that the pathological process could spread from the gut to the brain (bottom‐up scenario). Interestingly, others groups showed that a top‐down scenario could also occur and that 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced nigrostriatal denervation was sufficient to induce significant changes in the gastrointestinal tract. Aside from this toxic approach, the article by O’Donovan and colleagues in this edition of Neurogastroenterology and Motility showed that bilateral nigral injection of adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐alpha‐synuclein in rats was accompanied by changes in the enteric nervous system and the gut microbiota, which occurred without any apparent brain‐to‐gut spread of human injected alpha‐synuclein. Some changes observed in the gastrointestinal tract of animals injected with AAV‐alpha‐synuclein were in line with previous observations in Parkinson's disease patients, including increased expression of glial markers, swollen tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive varicosities in the submucosal plexus, and decreases in Faecalibacterium and Lachnospiraceae. These findings suggest that, in addition to gut‐brain pathways, the brain‐to‐gut communication may also be involved in Parkinson's disease pathophysiology. In this mini‐review, we describe the strengths and limitations of the existing studies on the gut‐brain axis in experimental models of parkinsonism and discuss an alternative hypothesis in which the central and enteric nervous system would evolve separately during disease progression.
Maternal‐related factors in the origin of isolated cleft palate—A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Ács Lili , Bányai Dorottya , Nemes Bálint , Nagy Krisztián , Ács Nándor , Bánhidy Ferenc , Rózsa Noémi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectsIsolated cleft palate (CPO) is the rarest form of oral clefting affecting 1‐25 per 10 000 newborns worldwide. There is increasing evidence for the different pathogenetic backgrounds of CPO and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. The role of environmental factors in the origin of non‐syndromic and syndromic CPO is unclear in most patients. The aim of this study was to estimate possible maternal risk factors in the origin of CPO.Setting and Sample PopulationThe Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities contains data of 32 345 birth defect cases and 57 231 control newborns. The study samples included 751 cases with isolated CPO, 1196 matched controls and 57 231 population controls.Material and MethodsMaternal diseases during pregnancy in cases and population controls were compared, and adjusted ORs with 95% CI were calculated in a multivariable unconditional logistic regression model.ResultsBeyond the well‐known robust female excess (58.9%)—maternal smoking (OR with 95% CI: 2.34, 1.94‐2.81) medically recorded maternal anaemia, threatened abortion and excessive vomiting in pregnancy were associated with a higher risk for CPO in the offspring. An elevated risk was found in Graves’ disease (OR: 4.30, 1.74‐10.62), epilepsy (OR: 4.64, 2.44‐8.82), migraine (OR: 2.82, 1.18‐6.76) and essential hypertension (OR: 2.33, 1.32‐4.10). Among acute diseases common cold (OR: 4.94, 3.48‐7.03), acute respiratory infections (OR: 4.20, 1.49‐11.82), influenza (OR: 2.95, 1.75‐4.95), pulpitis (OR: 7.85, 2.80‐22.03), cholecystitis (OR: 3.15, 1.16‐8.60), acute urinary tract infections (OR: 4.08, 2.22‐7.49) and pelvic inflammatory diseases (OR: 3.93, 1.62‐9.53) during pregnancy also were associated with an increased risk for developing CPO.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that maternal diseases and lifestyle factors during the first trimester play a significant role in the development of isolated cleft palate.
Relevance of esophageal position and temperature on thermal injuries and rhythm outcome in atrial fibrillation ablations
Authors: Stauber Annina , Kornej Jelena , Bollmann Andreas , Hindricks Gerhard , Sommer Philipp 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThermolesions are a dangerous complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. We aimed to assess the reasons for thermolesions and the effect of esophageal position on recurrences.MethodsThe study included consecutive patients undergoing AF catheter ablation at Heart Center Leipzig between January and September 2014. We collected data of esophagus localization, temperature, endoscopy, and follow‐up.ResultsThe study included 645 patients into analyses. A total of 626 (97.2%) received a temperature probe. Esophageal position was categorized: (A) behind left pulmonary veins, (B) left ostial, (C) in the middle of left atrium, (D) right ostial, and (E) behind right pulmonary veins. The most frequent esophageal position was B‐C (n = 201, 32.1%), followed by B (n = 161, 25.7%), and C (n = 147, 23.5%). The temperature was highest in A‐B positions (42.04°C) and in D‐E positions (41.70°C). There was a significant correlation between the endoscopically detected esophageal lesions (EDEL) and the esophageal position (r² = −.115, P = .004) and the esophageal temperature (r² = .162, P = .000), but not with body mass index (BMI) (r² = −.016, P = .688). Additional substrate modification in the left atrium resulted in significantly higher esophageal temperatures (P < .001) and more frequent EDEL (P = .049). An EDEL was found in 15 patients (2.3% of all patients, 5.6% of patients receiving endoscopy). Of those, the median esophageal temperature was 41.8°C (interquartile range [IQR]: 41.2‐42.4). Neither esophageal position nor temperature during ablation was associated with arrhythmia recurrences (both P > .400).ConclusionsEDEL depended on the esophageal position and temperature, but not on BMI. Esophageal position and intraluminal temperature during ablation had no effect on recurrences.
Affective Justice: The Racialized Imaginaries of International Justice
Authors: Clarke Kamari Maxine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article contributes to contemporary debates in the anthropology of international justice by exploring how narratives about the International Criminal Court have been applied, understood, and contested. It traces the way that justice is materialized and made legible as a domain of practice that is predicated on deeply embedded racialized logics, which are themselves obscured in the process. The article focuses on how bodies, psychologies, and social imaginaries come together to produce the terms on which justice is materialized, disaggregated, ruptured, and made legible again. This is demonstrated through the introduction of “affective justice” as a framework for understanding justice as a social practice. Through several ethnographic examples, this article illuminates how embodied affects at the micro level underpin emotional regimes that are expressed in a diversity of social practices, which then have a collective capacity to influence notions of justice at the macro level. The examples illuminate how international justice assemblages interact to constitute affective justice in three interrelated domains: technocratic practices, psycho‐social embodied performances, and emotional regimes. When examined through anthropology of international justice lenses, each of these domains offers insights into how people draw upon racial imaginaries to produce and refashion justice through practice.
Present Absence In Dependency Law: The Erasure of Noncitizen Parents in the San Diego–Tijuana Region
Authors: Rodriguez Naomi Glenn‐Levin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article explores how child welfare policy and contemporary US immigration enforcement come together to transform the immigrant parent into an absence that operates as a legal presence. International legal standards and US child welfare policy protect the right of a parent, regardless of citizenship status or country of residence, to participate fully in child welfare case proceedings and to maintain, or regain, custody of their children. However, restrictive immigration policy, intensified border enforcement, and a contemporary deportation regime have made the separation of immigrant parents and their children a prevalent problem within the US child welfare system, separating children from parents who would otherwise be considered fit. The production of legally absent parents is central to this process. Detention and deportation practices can make immigrant parents difficult to locate. This makes it more likely that an immigrant parent will be deemed absent, and thus declared to have legally abandoned their child, a determination that is necessary for child welfare officials to terminate parental rights. Drawing on ethnographic research in the San Diego–Tijuana region, this article examines the force of legal absence in these cases and the profound consequences this has for families.
Chloroplast nucleoids are highly dynamic in ploidy, number, and structure during angiosperm leaf development
Authors: Greiner Stephan , Golczyk Hieronim , Malinova Irina , Pellizzer Tommaso , Bock Ralph , Börner Thomas , Herrmann Reinhold G. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryChloroplast nucleoids are large, compact nucleoprotein structures containing multiple copies of the plastid genome. Studies on structural and quantitative changes of plastid DNA (ptDNA) during leaf development are scarce and have produced controversial data. We have systematically investigated nucleoid dynamics and ptDNA quantities in the mesophyll of Arabidopsis, tobacco, sugar beet, and maize from the early post‐meristematic stage until necrosis. DNA of individual nucleoids was quantified by DAPI‐based supersensitive epifluorescence microscopy. Nucleoids occurred in scattered, stacked, or ring‐shaped arrangements and in recurring patterns during leaf development that was remarkably similar between the species studied. Nucleoids per organelle varied from a few in meristematic plastids to >30 in mature chloroplasts (corresponding to about 20–750 nucleoids per cell). Nucleoid ploidies ranged from haploid to >20‐fold even within individual organelles, with average values between 2.6‐fold and 6.7‐fold and little changes during leaf development. DNA quantities per organelle increased gradually from about a dozen plastome copies in tiny plastids of apex cells to 70–130 copies in chloroplasts of about 7 μm diameter in mature mesophyll tissue, and from about 80 plastome copies in meristematic cells to 2600–3300 copies in mature diploid mesophyll cells without conspicuous decline during leaf development. Pulsed‐field electrophoresis, restriction of high‐molecular‐weight DNA from chloroplasts and gerontoplasts, and CsCl equilibrium centrifugation of single‐stranded and double‐stranded ptDNA revealed no noticeable fragmentation of the organelle DNA during leaf development, implying that plastid genomes in mesophyll tissues are remarkably stable until senescence.
Image Analysis Techniques for Ripeness Detection of Palm Oil Fresh Fruit Bunches
Authors: Ghazali Shuwaibatul Aslamiah , Selamat Hazlina , Omar Zaid , Yusof Rubiyah 
Published: December 2019

Being one of the biggest producers and exporters of palm oil and palm oil products, Malaysia has an important role to play in fulfilling the growing global need for oils and fats sustainably. Quality is an important factor that ensuring palm oil industries fulfill the demands of palm oil product. There has significant relationship between the quality of the palm oil fruits and the content of its oil. Ripe FFB gives more oil content, while unripe FFB give the least content. Overripe FFB shows that the content of oil is deteriorates. There have 4 classes of ripeness stages involves in this paper which are ripe, unripe, underipe and overripe. The proposes approach in this paper uses color features and bag of visual word for classifying oil palm fruit ripeness stages. Experiments conducted in this paper consisted of smartphone camera for image acquisition, python and matlab software for image pre processing and Support Vector Machine for classification. A total of 400 images is taken in a few plant in north Malaysia. Experiments involved on a dataset of 360 images for training for four classes and 40 images for testing. The average accuracy for the 4 classes of the FFB by color features is 57% while the accuracy for ripeness classification by using bag of visual word is 70%.
Spatial Flow-Field Approximation Using Few Thermodynamic Measurements—Part II: Uncertainty Assessments
Authors: Seshadri Pranay , Duncan Andrew , Simpson Duncan , Thorne George , Parks Geoffrey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this second part of our two-part paper, we provide a detailed, frequentist framework for propagating uncertainties within our multivariate linear least squares model. This permits us to quantify the impact of uncertainties in thermodynamic measurements—arising from calibrations and the data acquisition system—and the correlations therein, along with uncertainties in probe positions. We show how the former has a much larger effect (relatively) than uncertainties in probe placement. We use this non-deterministic framework to demonstrate why the well-worn metric for assessing spatial sampling uncertainty falls short of providing an accurate characterization of the effect of a few spatial measurements. In other words, it does not accurately describe the uncertainty associated with sampling a non-uniform pattern with a few circumferentially scattered rakes. To this end, we argue that our data-centric framework can offer a more rigorous characterization of this uncertainty. Our paper proposes two new uncertainty metrics: one for characterizing spatial sampling uncertainty and another for capturing the impact of measurement imprecision in individual probes. These metrics are rigorously derived in our paper and their ease in computation permits them to be widely adopted by the turbomachinery community for carrying out uncertainty assessments.
Rhizoremediation of Trichloroethylene by a Recombinant, Root-Colonizing
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Strain Expressing Toluene
ortho
-Monooxygenase Constitutively
Authors: Yee Dennis C. , Maynard Jennifer A. , Wood Thomas K. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Trichloroethylene (TCE) was removed from soils by using a wheat rhizosphere established by coating seeds with a recombinant, TCE-degrading
Pseudomonas fluorescens
strain that expresses the
tomA
+
(toluene
o
-monooxygenase) genes from
Burkholderia cepacia
PR1
23
(TOM
23C
). A transposon integration vector was used to insert
tomA
+
into the chromosome of
P. fluorescens
2-79, producing a stable strain that expressed constitutively the monooxygenase at a level of 1.1 nmol/min · mg of protein (initial TCE concentration, 10 μM, assuming that all of the TCE was in the liquid) for more than 280 cell generations (36 days). We also constructed a salicylate-inducible
P. fluorescens
strain that degraded TCE at an initial rate of 2.6 nmol/min · mg of protein in the presence of 10 μM TCE [cf.
B. cepacia
G4 PR1
23
(TOM
23C
), which degraded TCE at an initial rate of 2.5 nmol/min · mg of protein]. A constitutive strain,
P. fluorescens
2-79TOM, grew (maximum specific growth rate, 0.78 h
−1
) and colonized wheat (3 × 10
6
CFU/cm of root) as well as wild-type
P. fluorescens
2-79 (maximum specific growth rate, 0.77 h
−1
; level of colonization, 4 × 10
6
CFU/cm of root). Rhizoremediation of TCE was demonstrated by using microcosms containing the constitutive monooxygenase-expressing microorganism, soil, and wheat. These closed microcosms degraded an average of 63% of the initial TCE in 4 days (20.6 nmol of TCE/day · plant), compared to the 9% of the initial TCE removed by negative controls consisting of microcosms containing wild-type
P. fluorescens
2-79-inoculated wheat, uninoculated wheat, or sterile soil.
Protozoan Bacterivory and
Escherichia coli
Survival in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Sibille I. , Sime-Ngando T. , Mathieu L. , Block J. C. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

The development of bacterial communities in drinking water distribution systems leads to a food chain which supports the growth of macroorganisms incompatible with water quality requirements and esthetics. Nevertheless, very few studies have examined the microbial communities in drinking water distribution systems and their trophic relationships. This study was done to quantify the microbial communities (especially bacteria and protozoa) and obtain direct and indirect proof of protozoan feeding on bacteria in two distribution networks, one of GAC water (i.e., water filtered on granular activated carbon) and the other of nanofiltered water. The nanofiltered water-supplied network contained no organisms larger than bacteria, either in the water phase (on average, 5 × 10
7
bacterial cells liter
−1
) or in the biofilm (on average, 7 × 10
6
bacterial cells cm
−2
). No protozoa were detected in the whole nanofiltered water-supplied network (water plus biofilm). In contrast, the GAC water-supplied network contained bacteria (on average, 3 × 10
8
cells liter
−1
in water and 4 × 10
7
cells cm
−2
in biofilm) and protozoa (on average, 10
5
cells liter
−1
in water and 10
3
cells cm
−2
in biofilm). The water contained mostly flagellates (93%), ciliates (1.8%), thecamoebae (1.6%), and naked amoebae (1.1%). The biofilm had only ciliates (52%) and thecamoebae (48%). Only the ciliates at the solid-liquid interface of the GAC water-supplied network had a measurable grazing activity in laboratory test (estimated at 2 bacteria per ciliate per h). Protozoan ingestion of bacteria was indirectly shown by adding
Escherichia coli
to the experimental distribution systems. Unexpectedly,
E. coli
was lost from the GAC water-supplied network more rapidly than from the nanofiltered water-supplied network, perhaps because of the grazing activity of protozoa in GAC water but not in nanofiltered water. Thus, the GAC water-supplied network contained a functional ecosystem with well-established and structured microbial communities, while the nanofiltered water-supplied system did not. The presence of protozoa in drinking water distribution systems must not be neglected because these populations may regulate the autochthonous and allochthonous bacterial populations.