bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective exploration of the effect of adiposity and associated microbial factors on healing and progression of diabetic foot ulcers in Tanzania: study protocol of a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Mashili Fredirick , Joachim Agricola , Aboud Said , Mchembe Mabulla , Chiwanga Faraja , Addo Juliet , Kendall Lindsay , Ako Agbor , Abbas Zulfiqar 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality in low-income countries. This coexists with an increasing prevalence of obesity which has been reported to alter antimicrobial susceptibility and potentially affect the outcome of infected foot ulcers. This study aims to determine whether adiposity and local microbial factors affect the progression and healing of foot ulcers in people with type 2 diabetes in hospital settings in Tanzania.Methods and analysisA prospective cohort of 300 individuals with type 2 diabetes presenting with DFUs at an outpatient clinic will be enrolled into the study. At baseline, participants will be stratified into normal and high adiposity groups (150 per group) as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Both groups will receive DFU management according to locally appropriate standards of care and will be followed up for 24 weeks or until complete wound healing, whichever occurs first. The primary end point is complete wound healing at 24 weeks while secondary end points are ulcer progression (worsening or improving), amputation and death. Enrolling 150 participants per group will have a minimum power of 80% to detect a 20% difference in cumulative incidence of complete ulcer healing (at the 5% level of statistical significance) between the normal and high adiposity groups.Ethical considerations and dissemination of resultsThis study will be conducted in compliance with the independent institutional review boards (IRBs), informed consent guidelines, the declaration of Helsinki and International Conference on Harmonisation, Good Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ethical clearance has been granted by the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences ethical review board (MUHAS Ref. No. DA.282/298/01 .C/). Permissions to conduct the study have been granted by the Abbas Medical Centre and the Muhimbili Academic Medical Centre (MAMC).Progress and results emanating from this work will be communicated to the scientific community through conference presentations, short communications (using journal letters and interesting case reports) and peer-reviewed publications. When necessary, through proper channels, popular means of communication (newspapers, magazines and online communications) will be used to inform policy and the public.Trial registration numberNCT03960255; Pre-results.
How representative are colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancer patients responding to the National Cancer Patient Experience Survey (CPES) of the cancer registry population in England? A population-based case control study
Authors: Alessy Saleh A , Davies Elizabeth A , Rawlinson Janette , Baker Matthew , Lüchtenborg Margreet 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the representativeness of National Cancer Patient Experience Survey (CPES) responders compared with the English cancer registry population in term of age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity, disease stage and median survival.DesignPopulation-based case-control study.SettingEngland.PopulationWe identified 103 186 colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancer patients responding to at least one survey during 2010–2014 and randomly selected one non-responder from the cancer registry matched on cancer type and yearly quarter of diagnosis.Main outcome measureWe compared age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity and disease stage between the two groups using logistic regression. We also compared survival (in years) using the Mann-Whitney test.ResultsAcross all cancer types survey responders were younger, more likely to have a White ethnic background, to be resident in less deprived areas and diagnosed with earlier stage disease although they varied between cancers. Median survival for responders was also higher than for the cancer registry population (colorectal: 4.8 vs 3.2; lung: 2.0 vs 0.3; breast: 5.7 vs 5.4; and prostate: 5.7 vs 5.2 years; all p-values<0.001).ConclusionCPES responders with the four most common cancers do not necessarily represent all patients with these cancers in terms of demographic characteristics and tumour stage at diagnosis. These limitations should be considered when interpreting findings. To capture the experiences of patients currently underrepresented in CPES, different approaches may need to be taken.
Integrating complex systems science into road safety research and practice, Part 2: applying systems tools to the problem of increasing pedestrian death rates
Authors: Naumann Rebecca B , Kuhlberg Jill , Sandt Laura , Heiny Stephen , Kumfer Wesley , Marshall Stephen W , Lich Kristen Hassmiller 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo provide a specific example of how systems dynamics tools can increase understanding of stakeholder ‘mental models’ and generate robust systems-based hypotheses about the escalating problem of rising pedestrian death rates in the USA.MethodsWe designed and facilitated two group model building (GMB) workshops. Participants generated causal loop diagrams (CLDs) individually and in small groups to explore hypotheses concerning time–dynamic interacting factors underlying the increasing rates of pedestrian deaths. Using a grounded theory approach, research team members synthesised the structures and hypotheses into a single CLD.ResultsCLDs from the 41 participants indicated four core factors hypothesised to have a direct impact on pedestrian fatalities: pedestrian–vehicle crashes, vehicle speed at the time of the crash, vehicle size/dimensions and emergency response time. Participants diagrammed how actions and reactions impacted these proximal factors over time and led to ripple effects throughout a larger system to generate an increase in pedestrian deaths. Hypothesised contributing mechanisms fell within the following broad categories: community responses; research, policy and industry influence; potential unintended consequences of responses to pedestrian deaths; and the role of sprawl.ConclusionsThis application of systems science tools suggested several strategies for advancing injury prevention research and practice. The project generated robust hypotheses and advanced stakeholder communication and depth of understanding and engagement in this key issue. The CLD and GMB process detailed in this study provides a concrete example of how systems tools can be adopted and applied to a transportation safety topic.
Aneurysm characteristics, coil packing, and post-coiling hemodynamics affect long-term treatment outcome
Authors: Damiano Robert J , Tutino Vincent M , Paliwal Nikhil , Patel Tatsat R , Waqas Muhammad , Levy Elad I , Davies Jason M , Siddiqui Adnan H , Meng Hui 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundRecurrence of intracranial aneurysms after endovascular coiling is a serious clinical concern.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that recurrence is associated with aneurysm morphology and flow, as well as the coil intervention and the induced flow modifications.MethodsWe collected 52 primary-coiling aneurysm cases that were either occluded (n=34) or recurrent (n=18) at >1 year follow-up. We created aneurysm models from pre-coiling digital subtraction angiographic images, calculated aneurysm morphology, simulated pre-coiling hemodynamics, modeled coil deployment, and obtained post-coiling hemodynamics for each case. We performed univariable analysis on 26 morphologic, treatment-specific, and hemodynamic parameters to distinguish between recurrent and occluded groups, and multivariable analysis to identify independently significant parameters associated with recurrence. Univariable analysis was also performed on ruptured and unruptured aneurysm subcohorts separately to investigate if they shared specific significant parameters.ResultsRecurrence was associated with pre-coiling aneurysm morphologic and flow parameters including larger size (maximum dimension and volume), larger neck (diameter, area, and neck-to-parent-artery ratio), and higher flow momentum and kinetic energy. Recurrence was also associated with lower coil packing (packing density and uncoiled volume), higher post-treatment flow (velocity, momentum, and kinetic energy), lower post-treatment washout time, and higher post-treatment impingement force at the neck. Multivariable analysis identified two aneurysmal characteristics (neck diameter and pre-coiling flow kinetic energy), one coil packing parameter (uncoiled volume), and one post-treatment hemodynamic parameter (flow momentum) that were independently associated with recurrence. In ruptured aneurysms, recurrence was associated with larger neck (diameter and area), whereas in unruptured aneurysms, recurrence was associated with larger size (maximum dimension and volume). In both subcohorts, recurrence was associated with higher post-coiling flow momentum and kinetic energy.ConclusionRecurrence at >1 year after coil treatment is associated with intrinsic aneurysm characteristics, coiling itself, and flow changes induced by coiling. Larger aneurysm size and neck, less coil packing, and higher intra-aneurysmal flow before and after coiling predict recurrence.
A follow-up study of occupational styrene exposure and risk of autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Authors: Hjuler Boudigaard Signe , Stokholm Zara Ann , Vestergaard Jesper Medom , Mohr Mette Skovgaard , Søndergaard Klaus , Torén Kjell , Schlünssen Vivi , Kolstad Henrik A 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesIncreased risk has been suggested for autoimmune rheumatic diseases following solvent exposure. The evidence for specific solvents is limited, and little is known about exposure–response relations. Styrene is an aromatic, organic solvent and the objective of this study was to analyse the association between occupational styrene exposure and autoimmune rheumatic diseases in men and women.MethodsWe followed 72 212 styrene-exposed workers of the Danish reinforced plastics industry from 1979 to 2012. We modelled full work history of styrene exposure from employment history, survey data and historical styrene exposure measurements. We identified cases in the national patient registry and investigated gender-specific exposure–response relations by cumulative styrene exposure for different exposure time windows adjusting for age, calendar year and educational level.ResultsDuring 1 515 126 person-years of follow-up, we identified 718 cases of an autoimmune rheumatic disease, of which 73% were rheumatoid arthritis. When adjusting for potential confounders and comparing the highest with the lowest styrene exposure tertile, we observed a statistically non-significantly increased risk of systemic sclerosis among women (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=2.50; 95% CI 0.50 to 12.50) and men (IRR=1.86; 95 % CI 0.50 to 7.00), based on 9 and 22 cases, respectively. Results were inconsistent for the other autoimmune rheumatic diseases examined.ConclusionThis study suggests an association between occupational styrene exposure and systemic sclerosis in men as well as in women but based on few cases. This is a new finding and has to be replicated before conclusions can be drawn.
Development of titanium metal matrix composites reinforced with coated powders
Authors: Singh Harshpreet , Yu Tianyi , Hayat Muhammad , Bokhari Syeda Wishal , He Zhen , Cao Peng 
Published: December 2019

This paper evaluates the feasibility of using SiC and TiC as reinforcement particulates for titanium metal matrix composites (Ti-MMC). The SiC and TiC particles were coated with titanium using a chemical coating technology in order to achieve a homogeneous mixing when they were mixed with pristine Ti. The Ti-MMC with these specially prepared reinforcements were fabricated by a conventional press and sinter route. The effects of sintering temperature in Ti matrix were investigated with respect to phase constituents, microstructure and tribology properties. No in situ phases were observed during sintering and the reinforcement and matrix show sufficient bonding, which acts as a major parameter to enhance hardness and wear resistance compared to pure Ti. All the composite samples had a high sintered density. The hardness of the composites increased with an increase in the sintering temperature. It was also noticed that with the increase in the temperature ranging from [Formula: see text]C to [Formula: see text]C, improvement in the mechanical and tribological properties of the developed titanium matrix composites could be observed. The highest hardness value [Formula: see text] was recorded for Ti-2 wt.% Ti-coated SiC composite when sintered at [Formula: see text]C for 3 h.
The Knowing Model: Facilitating Behaviour Change in Organisations
Authors: Freeburg Darin 
Published: December 2019

It is incumbent upon leadership to encourage member behaviour that is beneficial to both the organisation and the members themselves. This paper outlines a context-based model — utilising the existing theories and models in Knowledge Management, Library and Information Science, and Public Health — to increase leadership’s effectiveness in this area. The Knowing Model approaches behaviour change as an issue of information content, dissemination, and use — all within a complex environment. A behaviour — one that an organisation has unsuccessfully attempted to change in the past — is identified by leadership. Leaders then analyse the extent to which members were aware of these previous efforts, integrated information about them, and acted because of them. This data is used to develop an information campaign aimed at changing the target behaviour. Because organisations likely have several information dissemination channels available to them, this model is offered as a low-cost and low-resource first step in behaviour change efforts. It will not replace more extensive efforts noted in previous models, but because of its theoretical grounding it is expected to promote change in certain areas. Approaches requiring more extensive resources can then be applied to other areas. This paper outlines the Knowing Model, strategies for information dissemination, and methods for model implementation and validation.
Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage Following Intravenous tPA (Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator) for Acute Stroke Is Low in Children
Authors: Amlie-Lefond Catherine , Shaw Dennis W.W. , Cooper Andrew , Wainwright Mark S. , Kirton Adam , Felling Ryan J. , Abraham Michael G. , Mackay Mark T. , Dowling Michael M. , Torres Marcela , Rivkin Michael J. , Grabowski Eric F. , Lee Sarah , Kurz Jonathan E. , McMillan Hugh J. , Barry Dwight , Lee-Eng Jacqueline , Ichord Rebecca N. 
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose—
Data regarding the safety and efficacy of intravenous tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) in childhood acute arterial ischemic stroke are inadequate. The TIPS trial (Thrombolysis in Pediatric Stroke; National Institutes of Health grant R01NS065848)—a prospective safety and dose-finding trial of intravenous tPA in acute childhood stroke—was closed for lack of accrual. TIPS sites have subsequently treated children with acute stroke in accordance with established institutional protocols supporting data collection on outcomes.

Methods—
Data on children treated with intravenous tPA for neuroimaging-confirmed arterial ischemic stroke were collected retrospectively from 16 former TIPS sites to establish preliminary safety data. Participating sites were required to report all children who were treated with intravenous tPA to minimize reporting bias. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) was defined as ECASS (European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study) II parenchymal hematoma type 2 or any intracranial hemorrhage associated with neurological deterioration within 36 following tPA administration. A Bayesian beta-binomial model for risk of SICH following intravenous tPA was fit using a prior distribution based on the risk level in young adults (1.7%); to test for robustness, the model was also fit with uninformative and conservative priors.

Results—
Twenty-six children (age range, 1.1–17 years; median, 14 years; 12 boys) with stroke and a median pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 14 were treated with intravenous tPA within 2 to 4.5 hours (median, 3.0 hours) after stroke onset. No patient had SICH. Two children developed epistaxis.

Conclusions—
The estimated risk of SICH after tPA in children is 2.1% (95% highest posterior density interval, 0.0%–6.7%; mode, 0.9%). Regardless of prior assumption, there is at least a 98% chance that the risk is <15% and at least a 93% chance that the risk is <10%. These results suggest that the overall risk of SICH after intravenous tPA in children with acute arterial ischemic stroke, when given within 4.5 hours after symptom onset, is low.
Ancient Egyptians’ Atypical Relationship with Invertebrates
Authors: Evans Linda , Weinstein Philip 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite the ubiquitous presence and vital role of invertebrates in all known ecological systems, insects and arachnids are largely viewed as repugnant by people. Consequently, until nature intervenes in the form of infestations, swarms or plagues, we largely prefer to ignore them, lest our attention invite unwelcome interaction. In contrast, the people of ancient Egypt did not distance themselves from invertebrates but instead celebrated their myriad forms. Egyptian appreciation of insects and arachnids is reflected in a range of art, artefacts, and texts dating from the predynastic era until the Greco-Roman period, revealing many positive cultural roles, from practical to conceptual. By assigning them a useful function, they were rendered visible and relevant to Egyptian society. The Egyptians’ example suggests that as necessity forces us to acknowledge the value of invertebrates—from their function as pollinators to becoming future food sources—our respect for them may also grow.
Tactical Ant Media: Amplifying the Invertebrate Aesthetics of Ants Using Transversality as an Artistic Process
Authors: Auson Kuai Shen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article examines creative practice-led research that uses transversality as an artistic process to generate ant-human relations. From the artistic perspective, transversality can materialize audiovisual performances with ants by employing technologies of visual and acoustic amplification; these are electronic assemblages made with piezoelectric sensors, computer vision, and infrared thermography, which reveal imperceptible qualities of ant behaviors. Whereas the concept of transversality remains active in philosophical discourses concerning human subjectivity, it has not been explored in artistic technological mediations that seek relational ties with nonhuman beings. The analysis that follows argues that ants are transversal beings whose movements cross boundaries affecting organisms and materializing ecological and multispecies relations. These relations can be amplified using electronic media in order to reveal the invertebrate aesthetics of ants as a different way to understand their social lives, and as an alternative passage for representing their sensorial capacities.
Philanthropic Action of Chinese Diaspora in Southeast Asia: Shaped by Family, Ancestry, Identity and Social Norms
Authors: Harper (陈美月) Marina Tan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Due to push and pull factors, millions of Chinese migrants fanned out into the Nanyang from the mid-1800s onward. The G1 (first generation) diasporic Chinese left China with a sojourner mentality, compelling their philanthropic action back to motherland China. As G1 diasporic Chinese and their second or third generation ethnic Chinese (G2, G3 …) eventually settled as nationals into various countries in Southeast Asia, their Confucian Chinese values were confronted, severely tested, remolded, and evolved as they assimilated and converged with the political, social, and economic circumstances of the times. With self-help and mutual aid philanthropy, they thrived and prospered in the Nanyang and were soon propelled to lead local communities. As they engendered gratitude to where they built their wealth, raised families, and honored ancestry in their resettled new homes, their loyalties, generosity, and philanthropy also began to shift away from China. This study investigates these traditions, ethos, and value systems through the lens of philanthropy.
Советские историки-марксисты о Боярской Думе и боярстве в Московском государстве
Authors: Кошелева Ольга Е. 
Published: December 2019

Аннотация
В данной статье автор продолжает рассматривать историю изучения боярства и Боярской Думы в России (см.: Ольга Кошелева «Историки XIX века о Боярской Думе и о боярстве в Московском государстве» Canadian-American Slavic Studies 52–54 (2018) Pp. 1–22), обращаясь к периоду вторжения марксистской теории в эту тему. Историки-марксисты ставили перед собой цель вписать российскую историю в марксистскую парадигму, что приводило их к противоречивым трактовкам роли боярства в Московском государстве. Их труды не основывались на анализе источников, а являлись схоластическими построениями. Главным являлся тезис о реакционной сущности боярства, которому давались разноречивые объяснения. С 60-х гг. ХХ в. в советской историографии наметился отход от догматичного понимания марксизма, а в 80-е гг. большинством исследователей тема боярства уже лишь формально помещалась в рамки марксистской риторики и разрабатывалась в основном в источниковедческом направлении. Обширный круг проанализированных работ приводит автора к выводу о том, что марксистский подход не внес ничего нового в изучение боярства. Он объективно мешал нормальной работе историков, но, тем не менее, не приостановил ее, а непреднамеренно повернул в иное русло: в сферу источниковедения, где были достигнуты значительные успехи в изучении рассматриваемой темы.
Demographic and cognitive risk factors for police mental disorder symptoms
Authors: Korol Stephanie , Vig Kelsey D , Sapach Michelle J N Teale , Asmundson Gordon J G , Carleton R Nicholas 
Published: December 2019

The current study was designed to assess whether cognitive risk factors (i.e. anxiety sensitivity (AS), intolerance of uncertainty (IU)) explained variance in mental disorder symptoms in Canadian police officers beyond variance explained by demographic variables (i.e. sex, marital status, education, years of service). Police participants (708 men; 271 women) completed measures assessing posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, IU and AS. Multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that only main effects of sex were significant for all symptom variables, except SAD. Hierarchical multiple regressions demonstrated that AS and IU accounted for greater variance than sex on all mental disorder symptom measures, which suggests that cognitive risk factors explain more variance in mental disorder symptoms than sex. Efforts to reduce AS and IU may be beneficial for improving police mental health.