bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integral equation solution for three‐dimensional heat transfer in multiple‐fracture enhanced geothermal reservoirs
Authors: Liu Dong Dong , Xiang Yan Yong , Zheng Jin Lei 
Published: April 2020

SummaryFor the prediction of energy production from multiple‐fractured geothermal reservoirs, previous models basically focused on the one‐dimensional conduction in the rock containing evenly distributed fractures of equal scale. Here, a novel model is described to numerically investigate the three‐dimensional heat transfer in geothermal reservoirs with unevenly spaced disc fractures of various sizes including the aperture and radius. In terms of the water flow through each fracture, an approximate analytical solution is obtained on the assumption that the water pressure disturbances, induced by the fracture margin and extraction (injection) operation, at the injection (extraction) well center and at different locations within the injection (extraction) well range were approximately equal. By the integral equation scheme for two‐dimensional planar fractures, the three‐dimensional problem of heat exchange is simulated without the reservoir discretization. The singular integral is analytically calculated in polar coordinates whereas the nonsingular integrand is numerically estimated by the Gaussian quadrature method in Cartesian coordinates. Compared with the one‐dimensional simplification, the three‐dimensional heat conduction remarkably alters the prediction of extraction temperature. In addition, the reservoir temperature field is also significantly influenced by the spacings and dimensions of fractures. The present model may be used for the estimation, design, and optimization of a geothermal reservoir.
Exploring feature selection of St John's wort grown under different light spectra using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Miros François N. , Murch Susan J. , Shipley Paul R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analysis can provide tools to help detect differences in plant chemistry when grown under varying conditions. Hypericum perforatum, or Saint John's wort, plants are a suitable model to explore methods of discrimination between early stage plants grown in different conditions.ObjectivesThe purpose of this work was to develop a method for identifying differences in chemical profiles between young Hypericum perforatum plants grown under different lighting conditions.Material and methodsCuttings were grown for 3 weeks under different light conditions. Plant extracts were prepared in MeOD‐d4 and analysed by 1H‐NMR. A multivariate analysis method of the NMR data was developed in an effort to determine variations in chemical profiles.ResultsThe method identified specific metabolites as drivers of difference between the plants grown under different light conditions. STOCSY (statistical total correlation spectroscopy) and quantification of highlighted metabolites supported the findings of the multivariate analysis. Glutamine, sucrose and fructose were found to be chemical markers of light quality in this study.ConclusionNMR metabolomics using a medium field instrument could find differences in plant chemistry when grown in different conditions. This method could easily be extended to benchtop instruments and be used for crop monitoring and growth condition optimisation.
Use of record linkage to evaluate treatment outcomes and trial eligibility in a real‐world metastatic prostate cancer population in Scotland
Authors: Baillie Kelly , Mueller Tanja , Pan Jiafeng , Laskey Jennifer , Bennie Marion , Crearie Christine , Kavanagh Kimberley , Alvarez‐Madrazo Samantha , Morrison David , Clarke Julie , Keel Aileen , Cameron David , Wu Olivia , Kurdi Amanj , Jones Robert J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeNew treatments are introduced into standard care based on clinical trial results. However, it is not clear if these benefits are reflected in the broader population. This study analysed the clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer, treated with abiraterone and enzalutamide, within the Scottish National Health Service.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using record linkage of routinely collected healthcare data (study period: February 2012 to February 2017). Overall survival (OS) was analysed using Kaplan‐Meier methods and Cox Proportional Hazard models; a subgroup analysis comprised potentially trial‐eligible patients.ResultsOverall, 271 patients were included and 73.8% died during the study period. Median OS was poorer than in the pivotal trials, regardless of medication and indication: 10.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.6‐15.1) and 20.9 months (95% CI 14.9‐29.0) for abiraterone, and 12.6 months (95% CI 10.5‐18.2) and 16.0 months (95% CI 9.8—not reached) for enzalutamide, post and pre chemotherapy, respectively. Only 46% of patients were potentially “trial eligible” and in this subgroup OS improved. Factors influencing survival included baseline performance status, and baseline prostate‐specific antigen, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin levels.ConclusionsPoorer prognostic features of non‐trial eligible patients impact real‐world outcomes of cancer medicines. Electronic record linkage of routinely collected healthcare data offers an opportunity to report outcomes on cancer medicines at scale and describe population demographics. The availability of such observational data to supplement clinical trial results enables patients and clinicians to make more informed treatment decisions, and policymakers to contextualise trial findings.
The effects of behavior‐specific praise and public posting in secondary classrooms
Authors: O'Handley Roderick D. , Olmi D. Joe , Dufrene Brad A. , Tingstrom Daniel H. , Whipple Heather 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBehavior‐specific praise (BSP) and other forms of positive feedback and public acknowledgment are underutilized in secondary classrooms. Surprisingly, few studies have evaluated the independent effects of BSP in these settings. Using a multiple baseline design with an embedded A/B/B + C condition sequence, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of BSP and BSP combined with public posting on the appropriately engaged and disruptive behaviors across 4 secondary classrooms. Results supported a functional relation between BSP alone and improvements in students' appropriately engaged and disruptive behaviors. Combining BSP with public posting, which involved writing students' names on the classroom whiteboard, further increased students' appropriately engaged behaviors but had mixed effects on students' disruptive behaviors. Practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Experimental data and numerical modeling of flashing jets of pressure liquefied gases
Authors: Lacome Jean‐Marc , Lemofack Cedric , Jamois Didier , Reveillon Julien , Duret Benjamin , Demoulin Francois‐Xavier 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn industrial activities involving liquefied pressurized gases (LPG), there are several situations that can lead to hazardous flashing two‐phase jets with toxic and explosive consequences. The objective of this study was to further our comprehension of such phenomena in order to develop tools that will enable operational decisions to be made within the framework of risk assessment. Experimental and numerical models were applied to study the two‐phase jet resulting from any LPG releases. They focus especially on the cooling effect that was evidenced by large‐scale trial experiments on releases of butane and propane carried out during the Flashing Liquids in Industrial Environment project. For LPG release, experimental observations show that the minimum temperature values are far below the boiling temperature. Experimental evidence completed by a new dedicated numerical model (thermodynamic equilibrium model) able to handle both boiling and vaporization phenomena gives a coherent picture of the two‐phase flow behavior after the expansion zone. Experimental data analysis completed by comprehensive numerical simulations provides evidences that the system formed by air, vapor, and liquid droplets tends to reach an equilibrium locally.
Red vine leaf extract (AS 195) can improve some signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, a systematic review
Authors: Azhdari Maryam , Zilaee Marzie , Karandish Majid , Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Mansoori Anahita , Zendehdel Mohadeseh , Khodarahpour Sara 
Published: April 2020

AimChronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is common in adults. Some complications include skin changes, edema, heavy legs, muscle cramps, pain, and varicose veins. In traditional medicine, red vine leaf extract (AS 195) has been used to cure the symptoms of CVI. This systematic review was aimed to assess the effects of AS 195 in patients with CVI.Material and methodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify trials that reported the impact of red vine leaf extract on CVI. The primary outcomes investigated were Leg (limb) volume, calf circumference, ankle circumference, tired and heavy legs, a sensation of tension, tingling sensation, and pain.ResultsFrom the 56 studies, 5 trials were selected according to our inclusion criteria. Red vine leaf extract significantly improved numbers of outcomes (lower leg volume, calf and ankle circumference, tired, heavy legs, tingling sensation, pain, the sensation of tension in the legs, cutaneous microcirculation, and transcutaneous oxygen pressure) in only some trials. The tolerability for red vine leaf extract was reported good or satisfactory.ConclusionsRed vine leaf extract had a beneficial therapeutic role in patients with CVI. Further high‐quality trials are required to be carried out to provide strong evidence.
Robotic radical hysterectomy for stage 1B1 cervical cancer: A case series of survival outcomes from a leading UK cancer centre
Authors: Patel Hersha , Madhuri Kavitha , Rockell Thomas , Montaser Rugaia , Ellis Patricia , Chatterjee Jayanta , Butler‐Manuel Simon , Tailor Anil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe present the largest UK single institute robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH) case series for the management of cervical cancer (CC).MethodsData were collected on women who had a RRH as primary treatment for stage 1b1 CC between December 2009 and December 2018.ResultsNinty women had a robotic hysterectomy. Five‐year follow‐up data were available for 30%. The disease‐free survival at 5 years was 89.6%. Overall survival at 3 and 5 years for death from any cause was 96.1% and 91.4%, respectively. The overall 5‐year survival for death from disease only was 92.8%. Overall survival by tumour size alone showed that women with tumours less than 2 cm had a 98.3% 5‐year survival compared to 83.4% for tumour size greater than 2 cm. Irrespective of tumour size, those that had no evidence of lymphovascular space invasion had a 100% 5‐year survival.ConclusionOur preliminary data supports the oncological safety of RRH in a selective cohort of patients with stage 1b1 CC.
Design and testing of a trap removing Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis, H. Milne Edwards, 1853) from invaded river systems
Authors: Schoelynck Jonas , Van Loon Paul , Heirmans Ritchie , Jacobs Steven , Keirsebelik Heleen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Chinese mitten crab is one of the top invasive species in Europe. In Flanders (Belgium), they are associated with river ecosystem degradation, especially the loss of aquatic vegetation and associated ecosystem services. Management measures have therefore been put in place to reduce the number of crabs migrating between the sea and freshwater areas and ultimately control the population. Although we are still long way from the goal, a low‐cost method has been applied to successfully catch migrating crabs. In this article, we outline the design and functioning of the trap. We monitored the population in a lowland river, measured migration speeds and calculated crab densities. With over 1 million crabs caught in 2 years, the trap proved to be very effective. Median anadromous (spring) and catadromous (autumn) migration speeds were 0.69 and 0.96 km day−1, respectively. Anadromous migrating crab density was calculated to be up to 3.20 ind. m−2 river bed. Resident crab density was calculated to be up to 2.05 ind. m−2 river bed. We conclude that this trap is a very useful tool for water managers to catch Chinese mitten crabs in rivers and discuss the pathways towards reducing the population and protect the entire freshwater catchment.
Vancomycin Grafted Polydopamine Coated Silver Nanoparticles for Enhanced Antibacterial Action Against Vancomycin‐Resistant Bacteria E. Faecalis.
Authors: Patel Khushbu , Kumar Rajender 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA wide variety of pathogens causing nosocomial infections have emerged, showing resistance towards commonly used antimicrobial agents. Nosocomial infections are rapidly emerging as a severe threat leading to high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we have introduced Vancomycin grafted polydopamine(pDA) coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to combat vancomycin‐resistant bacterial species Enterococci faecalis ( E.faecalis). The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by High Resolution ‐Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR‐TEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Ultraviolet (UV) Visible spectroscopy and Attenuated Total Reflection‐Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR). The nanoparticles were 33 nm in size as revealed by HR‐TEM. Antimicrobial assays were conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activity of vancomycin‐pDA@AgNPs against E. faecalis by a zone of inhibition method. The vancomycin‐pDA@AgNPs exhibited good bactericidal activity against vancomycin‐resistant E. faecalis.
Mass Transfer Modeling of α‐Eleostearic Acid from Tung Oil Concentration by Low‐Temperature Crystallization
Authors: Cheng Jiang , Liu Lujie , Huang Lixin , Zhang Caihong , Xie Pujun , Deng Yejun , Tang Kehua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the significant attention paid to α‐eleostearic acid (α‐ESA) in a variety of biologically beneficial effects, the demand for high‐concentration products is increasing. A method of cryogenic separation to predict the mass variation of α‐ESA from tung oil was established in this study. The results showed that the best α‐ESA crystallization condition was −20 °C in ethanol, which implied a low energy consumption when compared with the common crystallization temperature of −60 °C. The α‐ESA concentration in the liquid phase was reduced by 90.4% compared to tung oil, and most of the α‐ESA in the solution was recovered by mass transfer. On the other hand, a mathematical model based on the diffusion reaction theory is used in mass variation prediction. The effects of temperature and time on the mass variation in α‐ESA in solution crystallization were examined. The results showed that the proposed model could estimate the composition and total mass of winterized tung oil at R2=0.974. The model was validated by experiments with an error of ±10%.
Acid‐Promoted Hetero Annulation: An Expeditious Route to Construct Functionalized Pyrido‐ and Pyrimido[5′,4′:5,6]pyrido‐ Fused [a]Carbazoles
Authors: Kripalaya Ratheesh Arya , Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra Prasad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA transition metal‐free multicomponent coupling of 2‐arylidene/heteroarylidene carbazole with alkyne and nitrile in the presence of Lewis acid BF3.OEt2 is described. This method was proven to be usable for the preparation of library of N‐acetylated pyrido[3,4‐a]carbazoles. Conversely, p‐toluenesulfonic acid‐catalyzed hetero annulation of uracil with 2‐arylidene carbazole afforded novel aromatic pyrimido[5′,4′:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐a]carbazoles in isolated yields of up to 82 % in solid‐state manner. The structures of the synthesized heterocycles were confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral data. The salient features of these one‐pot methods are rapid formation of products with moderate to good yields, readily accessible reactants and involve less hazardous chemical techniques.
Development of Colorimetric and Turn‐On Fluorescence Sensor for the Detection of Al3+ and F− Ions: DNA Tracking and Practical Performance as Applications
Authors: Anbu Durai Willsingh , Ramu Andy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, a new probe is designed (E)‐1‐(((5‐mercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)imino)methyl)naphthalen‐2‐ol (NAATD) for dual colorimetric and turn‐on fluorescence chemosensor. Higher selectivity and sensitivity towards Al3+/F− ions over other competitive ions in DMSO solution were achieved. The detection limits were found to be 3.14 nM and 9.9 nM for Al3+ and F− ions respectively. The sensing mechanism and stoichiometric ratio is investigated and affirmed by DFT calculations and Job's plot analysis respectively. The DNA tracking ability of the NAATD‐Al3+ is investigated by fluorescence technique which indicates that DNA efficiently bind with the probe and displace Al3+ ions. Finally, the practical utility of the probe was successfully demonstrated by using environmental water and tooth paste samples.
Preparation of Amine‐ and Disulfide‐Containing PAMAM‐Based Dendrons for the Functionalization of Hydroxylated Surfaces: XPS as Structural Sensor
Authors: Viltres Herlys , Odio Oscar F. , Biesinger Mark. C. , Montiel Gala , Borja Raúl , Reguera Edilso 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of novel poly(amido amine) [PAMAM]‐based dendrons with external amine and disulfide functional groups and an alkoxysilane moiety as the focal point. Four generations (G1‐G4) of dendrons were obtained by combining Michael addition and amidation reactions using (3‐aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane as the starting core; disulfide bridges and amine groups were introduced in the last step by ester amidation with cystamine and ethylendiamine. The resulting dendrons were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Raman, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Z‐potential techniques. The growth of the dendrons was monitored by analysing the X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) high resolution spectra of the Si 2p, N 1s, C 1s, O 1s and S 2p signals for each dendron generation. The results evidence that it is possible to record, with good confidence, the compositional and structural changes that occur during the preparative route by means of XPS technique.
Green Analysis of the Bromination Reaction of Propiophenone Derivatives Mediated by Cu2+ Complexes
Authors: Krapacher Claudio R. , Rossi. Laura I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAll processes and reactions were evaluated using green metrics. Alternatives for the α‐halogenation reaction of ketones were studied, varying both the methodology and the brominating reactants. CuBr2 and its complexes with organic ligands derived from biomass were used as bromide source. Distinct regioselectivity and chemoselectivity were observed with the different complexes used. The CuBr2‐βCD complex behave completely different to the rest of the complexes since the halogenation occurred preferentially in the propiophenone aromatic ring. Among the complexes used, novel starch and chitosan complexes with CuBr2 were synthesized and characterized by EPR, FT‐IR, UVV RD and TGA.
Thermal, Mechanical, and Optical Properties of Maleimide Copolymers Containing Twisted N‐Phenyl Substituents in the Side Chain
Authors: Nagase Soichiro , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUV absorption spectroscopic measurements and DFT calculations revealed that N‐(alkyl‐substituted phenyl)maleimides with substituents at the ortho position favored a twisted N‐phenyl conformation, due to the steric hindrance between the maleimide ring and the substituted N‐phenyl moiety. High‐molecular‐weight copolymers were synthesized by radical copolymerization of the N‐(alkyl‐substituted phenyl)maleimides with n‐butyl vinyl ether and n‐butyl acrylate. The thermal properties of the copolymers were determined by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The mechanical tensile tests under temperature control revealed the mechanical features of the copolymers depending on their repeating structure and composition. The significant temperature dependence of the modulus and strain of the copolymers was also clarified. Then, the transparency, refractive indices, and birefringence properties of the copolymer films were evaluated. It was confirmed that the maleimide copolymers had negative orientational birefringence with small absolute values and positive photoelastic birefringence. The effect of the conformational structure of the N‐phenyl groups on the thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of the copolymers was discussed.
Light Tailoring of Internal Atomic Structure of Gold Nanorods
Authors: Yan Jianfeng , Zhu Dezhi , Xie Jiawang , Shao Yang , Xiao Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLaser processing of gold nanorods (Au NRs) relying on light–matter interaction provides great opportunities in various potential applications. Unveiling the light‐induced structure change is a crucial goal in order to control the shape and related properties for practical application. However, the internal atomic structure control of metallic NRs has long been a challenge. Here, the concept of internal atomic structure tailored with light is demonstrated and Au NRs with various internal atomic structures including point defects, twin structures, and polycrystalline nanospheres are fabricated. Experimental characterization and theoretical simulation show that light‐induced localized energy deposition and dynamic stresses distribution give rise to atomic structure change. Au NRs with internal defects show enhanced potential to improve activity. The concept of light tailoring of internal atomic structure represents a promising strategy for the rational design of metallic NRs to boost wide applications.
Failure and damage of a first‐generation precast prestressed bridge in Slovakia
Authors: Moravcik Martin , Bujnakova Petra , Bahleda Frantisek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the early 1950s, the first‐generation of precast prestressed bridges was built in Europe. The prestressing technology was still relatively new and bridges were sometimes executed questionably. The consequences of poor detailing and inadequate maintenance are shown as a practical example of a 59‐years old road precast bridge in Slovakia that recently reached a near collapse state. The behavior of the damaged prestressed precast structure was verified by the full‐scale load test. In the case of advanced corrosion of the tendons, it is often very difficult to accurately determine the actual resistance of a structure. The test results published in the paper may help to find a practical method for the assessment of similar aged existing prestressed bridges.
Theoretical study of structures and properties of some silole compounds
Authors: Dung Tran Ngoc , Van Trang Nguyen , Thoa Tran Thi , Thuy Phan Thi , Thanh Dinh Thi Mai , Hue Nguyen Thi Minh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStructures and properties of some oligomer silole compounds have been studied using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6‐31++G(d,p) levels. We have identified 32 stable geometries with some important properties such as band gap, UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The band gaps of these siloles range from 2.0 to 3.0 eV, which can promise that the siloles are potential materials for semiconductor and luminescence.