bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal Subseasonal Variability in the South China Sea Revealed by Eddy‐Resolving Numerical Simulations
Authors: Xie Juncheng , Zhou Lei , Murtugudde Raghu , Jochum Markus , Zhong Yisen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOceanic subseasonal variabilities in the South China Sea (SCS) derive from both external forcing and internal variability. There have been extensive studies on a range of external forcings, which are composed of local and remote components. In this study, the internal subseasonal variabilities in SCS are examined using an eddy‐resolving model. It is found that the internal subseasonal variabilities are pronounced in the northern SCS, which account for about half of total observed subseasonal variabilities. Particularly to the west of Luzon Strait, the internal subseasonal variabilities are enhanced on the periphery of a ring region. On the contrary, internal subseasonal variabilities are minimal in the center, which is mainly attributable to an upscale energy transfer. As a result, a mean jet is generated which transports heat and eddy kinetic energy along the edge of the ring region. We posit that the impact of internal subseasonal variabilities is significant for the background state in the region where the intense tropical cyclones occur over the northern SCS every year.
Characterization of Sea Surface Temperature and Air‐Sea Heat Flux Anomalies Associated With Mesoscale Eddies in the South China Sea
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Yu Lisan , Chen Ge 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study is to quantify the effects of mesoscale eddies on air‐sea heat fluxes and related air‐sea variables in the South China Sea. Using satellite observations of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height anomaly and a high‐resolution air‐sea heat flux product for the 16‐year period from 2000 to 2015, we conducted the composite patterns of air‐sea fluxes and variables associated with anticyclonic eddies (AEs) and cyclonic eddies (CEs). It is found that the SST‐sea surface height correlations over eddies are not always positive. Only 56% of AEs are corresponded with positive SST anomalies (SSTA), that is, SST+ AEs, and 58% of CEs with negative SSTA, that is, SST− CEs. The percentage of these eddies increases with eddy amplitude and shows slight seasonal variations, higher in winter and lower in summer. Composites of SSTA, air‐sea variables, and fluxes are constructed over all eddies, including both SST+ eddies and SST− eddies. All composites show asymmetric patterns, showing that the centers (where the extrema are located) of the fluxes and variables shift westward and poleward (equatorward) relative to the AEs (CEs) cores. Besides, composites of latent heat flux (LHF), sensible heat flux (SHF), and air temperature show monopole patterns, while composites of wind speed and specific humidity show dipole patterns. For SST+ AEs, the coupling strength is 39.6 ± 6.5 W/m2 (7.2 ± 1.7 W/m2) per degree increase of SSTA for LHF (SHF). For SST− CEs, the coupling strength is 39.0 ± 2.0 W/m2 (9.0 ± 0.96 W/m2) per degree decrease of SSTA for LHF (SHF).
Tidal Pressurization of the Ocean Cavity Near an Antarctic Ice Shelf Grounding Line
Authors: Begeman Carolyn Branecky , Tulaczyk Slawek , Padman Laurie , King Matt , Siegfried Matthew R. , Hodson Timothy O. , Fricker Helen A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMass loss from the Antarctic ice sheet is sensitive to conditions in ice shelf grounding zones, the transition between grounded and floating ice. To observe tidal dynamics in the grounding zone, we moored an ocean pressure sensor to Ross Ice Shelf, recording data for 54 days. In this region the ice shelf is brought out of hydrostatic equilibrium by the flexural rigidity of ice, yet we found that tidal pressure variations at a constant geopotential surface were similar within and outside of the grounding zone. This implies that the grounding zone ocean cavity was overpressurized at high tide and underpressurized at low tide by up to 10 kPa with respect to glaciostatic pressure at the ice shelf base. Phase lags between ocean pressure and vertical ice shelf motion were tens of minutes for diurnal and semidiurnal tides, an effect that has not been incorporated into ocean models of tidal currents below ice shelves. These tidal pressure variations may affect the production and export of meltwater in the subglacial environment and may increase basal crevasse heights in the grounding zone by several meters, according to linear elastic fracture mechanics. We find anomalously high tidal energy loss at the K1 constituent in the grounding zone and hypothesize that this could be explained by seawater injection into the subglacial environment at high tide or internal tide generation through interactions with topography. These observations lay the foundation for improved representation of the grounding zone and its tidal dynamics in ocean circulation models of sub–ice shelf cavities.
Bistability of the Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf Cavity Circulation and Basal Melt
Authors: Hazel Julia E. , Stewart Andrew L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCirculation and water mass transformation within the Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS) cavity create precursors to Antarctic bottom water, which closes the global overturning circulation. This water mass transformation is contingent upon a relative low rate of FRIS basal melt, currently around 100–200 Gt/yr. Previous studies have indicated that Antarctic climate changes may induce intrusions of warm modified Warm Deep Water (mWDW) and an order‐of‐magnitude increase in basal melt, and signatures of mWDW have recently been observed along the face of the FRIS. However, it remains unclear how changes in near‐Antarctic climate translate mechanistically to changes in mWDW access to the FRIS cavity. In this study a regional model is developed to investigate FRIS circulation dependence on local atmospheric state. Experiments with modified initial cavity conditions but identical atmospheric states yield bistable “warm” and “cold” FRIS cavity states, with an order‐of‐magnitude difference in basal melt rates. Idealized atmospheric perturbation experiments reveal that relatively modest perturbations to the katabatic winds shift the FRIS cavity between “warm” and “cold” states, which occur when the FRIS cavity is filled by mWDW or High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW), respectively. The authors present a conceptual model in which the FRIS cavity state is determined by whether mWDW or HSSW is denser and thus floods the cavity; these states are bistable because the basal melt rate feeds back on the salinity of HSSW. These findings highlight a key role for the katabatic winds in mediating the melt of the FRIS and other Antarctic ice shelves.
Some Possibilities of Spatial Signal Processing in an Inhomogeneous Medium Based on DWFT
Authors: Tinin Mikhail , Knizhin Sergei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe integral representation for the wave field in a multiscale inhomogeneous medium, obtained using the double weighted Fourier transform (DWFT), takes into account different diffraction effects. Spatial radio signal processing based on the DWFT inversion eliminates these effects from received signals. This paper reviews the results of studies on spatial signal processing based on the DWFT inversion. This processing has been shown to reduce amplitude scintillation and improve the resolution in diagnostics of inhomogeneous media. Moreover, elimination of diffraction effects allows us to reduce the residual error in multifrequency global navigation satellite systems. This processing also increases the channel bandwidth and therefore its capacity.
Defining a Riverine Tidal Freshwater Zone and Its Spatiotemporal Dynamics
Authors: Jones Allan E. , Hardison Amber K. , Hodges Ben R. , McClelland James W. , Moffett Kevan B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTidal freshwater zones (TFZs) are transitional environments between terrestrial and coastal waters. TFZs have freshwater chemistry and tidal physics, and yet are neither river nor estuary based on classic definitions. Such zones have been occasionally discussed in the literature but lack a consistent nomenclature and framework for study. This work proposes a measurable definition for TFZs based on three longitudinal points of interest: (1) the upstream limit of brackish water, (2) the upstream limit of bidirectional tidal velocities, and (3) the upstream limit of tidal stage fluctuations. The resulting size and position of a TFZ is transient and depends on the balance of tidal and riverine forces that evolves over event, tidal, seasonal, and annual (or longer) timescales. The concept, definition, and transient analysis of TFZ position are illustrated using field observations from the Aransas River (Texas, USA) from July 2015 to July 2016. The median Aransas TFZ length was 59.9 km, with a late summer maximum of 66.0 km and a winter minimum of 53.6 km. The TFZ typically (annual median) began 11.8 km upstream from the river mouth (15.4 km winter/11.2 km summer medians) and ended 71.7 km upstream (69.0 km/77.2 km). Seasonally low baseflow in the Aransas River promoted gradual coastal salt encroachment upstream, which shortened the TFZ. However, sporadic large rainfall/runoff events rapidly elongated the TFZ. The TFZ definition establishes a quantifiable framework for analyzing these critical freshwater systems that reside at the nexus of natural and human‐influenced hydrology, tides, and climate.
A Particle‐Based Conditional Sampling Scheme for the Simulation of Transport in Fractured Rock With Diffusion Into Stagnant Water and Rock Matrix
Authors: Trinchero Paolo , Painter Scott L. , Poteri Antti , Sanglas Jordi , Cvetkovic Vladimir , Selroos Jan‐Olof 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn situ experiments and field‐scale characterization studies have pointed out that, in fractured crystalline media, groundwater flow is highly channelized. This implies that, at the scale of a single fracture, only part of the fracture surface area is in contact with flowing water, while the rest of in‐plane water is essentially stagnant and can be accessed by solutes via molecular diffusion. Despite their importance for contaminant retention, to date, there are no numerical or analytical approaches that could be used to assess the implication of stagnant water zones on solute transport in realistic large‐scale Discrete Fracture Network‐based models. Here, we present an efficient and flexible algorithm for the simulation of transport in fractured rock with diffusion into stagnant water and rock matrix. The algorithm is a generalization of a previously developed numerical framework for time domain particle tracking in sparsely fractured rock. The key of the generalization is that total time in fracture (τf) is first evaluated using a Monte Carlo sampling and then a second sampling is performed conditioned on τf. The algorithm has been successfully validated against existing independent solutions and the implication of diffusion into stagnant water and secondary diffusion into the matrix has been assessed for a realistic modeling scenario. The results show that, due to diffusion into stagnant water, contaminants are more strongly retarded. This increased retention is more significant for sorbing species, as a larger number of sorption sites is accessible. A high sensitivity to the flowing channel/stagnant water zone geometry has also been observed.
Heterostructure and Q-factor engineering for low-threshold and persistent nanowire lasing
Authors: Skalsky Stefan , Zhang Yunyan , Alanis Juan Arturo , Fonseka H. Aruni , Sanchez Ana M. , Liu Huiyun , Parkinson Patrick 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContinuous room temperature nanowire lasing from silicon-integrated optoelectronic elements requires careful optimisation of both the lasing cavity Q-factor and population inversion conditions. We apply time-gated optical interferometry to the lasing emission from high-quality GaAsP/GaAs quantum well nanowire laser structures, revealing high Q-factors of 1250 ± 90 corresponding to end-facet reflectivities of R = 0.73 ± 0.02. By using optimised direct–indirect band alignment in the active region, we demonstrate a well-refilling mechanism providing a quasi-four-level system leading to multi-nanosecond lasing and record low room temperature lasing thresholds (~6 μJ cm−2 pulse−1) for III–V nanowire lasers. Our findings demonstrate a highly promising new route towards continuously operating silicon-integrated nanolaser elements.
Neurocomputational mechanisms underpinning aberrant social learning in young adults with low self-esteem
Authors: Will Geert-Jan , Moutoussis Michael , Womack Palee M. , Bullmore Edward T. , Goodyer Ian M. , Fonagy Peter , Jones Peter B. ,   NSPN Consortium, Rutledge Robb B. , Dolan Raymond J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLow self-esteem is a risk factor for a range of psychiatric disorders. From a cognitive perspective a negative self-image can be maintained through aberrant learning about self-worth derived from social feedback. We previously showed that neural teaching signals that represent the difference between expected and actual social feedback (i.e., social prediction errors) drive fluctuations in self-worth. Here, we used model-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to characterize learning from social prediction errors in 61 participants drawn from a population-based sample (n = 2402) who were recruited on the basis of being in the bottom or top 10% of self-esteem scores. Participants performed a social evaluation task during fMRI scanning, which entailed predicting whether other people liked them as well as the repeated provision of reported feelings of self-worth. Computational modeling results showed that low self-esteem participants had persistent expectations that others would dislike them, and a reduced propensity to update these expectations in response to social prediction errors. Low self-esteem subjects also displayed an enhanced volatility in reported feelings of self-worth, and this was linked to an increased tendency for social prediction errors to determine momentary self-worth. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that individual differences in self-esteem related to several interconnected psychiatric symptoms organized around a single dimension of interpersonal vulnerability. Such interpersonal vulnerability was associated with an attenuated social value signal in ventromedial prefrontal cortex when making predictions about being liked, and enhanced dorsal prefrontal cortex activity upon receipt of social feedback. We suggest these computational signatures of low self-esteem and their associated neural underpinnings might represent vulnerability for development of psychiatric disorder.
Female reproductive factors and the risk of lung cancer in postmenopausal women: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Jeon Keun Hye , Shin Dong Wook , Han Kyungdo , Kim Dahye , Yoo Jung Eun , Jeong Su-Min , Cho Jong ho 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Reproductive factors and hormone use in postmenopausal women have been hypothesised to affect the risk of developing lung cancer, but the epidemiological evidence is inconsistent.

Methods
Using the Korean National Health Insurance System database, we identified 4,775,398 postmenopausal women older than 40 years who had undergone both cardiovascular health- and cancer screening between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2014. Information about reproductive factors was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. The risk of lung cancer was estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models.

Results
During a median follow-up of 4.4 years, 16,556 women (15,223 non-smokers) were diagnosed with lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer was not significantly influenced by early menarche age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.03 for menarche ≥18 vs. ≤14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98–1.09) or late age at menopause (aHR 1.02 for menopause ≥55 vs. <40; 95% CI, 0.91–1.14). Furthermore, the number of children, duration of breastfeeding and use of hormone replacement therapy were not associated with the risk of lung cancer.

Conclusions
No statistically significant association was found between reproductive factors and the risk of lung cancer in postmenopausal Korean women.
An unexpected turn of fortune: targeting TRAIL-Rs in KRAS-driven cancer
Authors: von Karstedt Silvia , Walczak Henning 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwenty-one percent of all human cancers bear constitutively activating mutations in the proto-oncogeneKRAS. This incidence is substantially higher in some of the most inherently therapy-resistant cancers including 30% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), 50% of colorectal cancers, and 95% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). Importantly, survival of patients with KRAS-mutated PDAC and NSCLC has not significantly improved since the 1970s highlighting an urgent need to re-examine how oncogenic KRAS influences cell death signaling outputs. Interestingly, cancers expressing oncogenic KRAS manage to escape antitumor immunity via upregulation of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). Recently, the development of next-generation KRASG12C-selective inhibitors has shown therapeutic efficacy by triggering antitumor immunity. Yet, clinical trials testing immune checkpoint blockade in KRAS-mutated cancers have yielded disappointing results suggesting other, additional means endow these tumors with the capacity to escape immune recognition. Intriguingly, oncogenic KRAS reprograms regulated cell death pathways triggered by death receptors of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. Perverting the course of their intended function, KRAS-mutated cancers use endogenous TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptor(s) to promote tumor growth and metastases. Yet, endogenous TRAIL–TRAIL-receptor signaling can be therapeutically targeted and, excitingly, this may not only counteract oncogenic KRAS-driven cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, but also the immunosuppressive reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment it causes. Here, we provide a concise summary of the current literature on oncogenic KRAS-mediated reprogramming of cell death signaling and antitumor immunity with the aim to open novel perspectives on combinatorial treatment strategies involving death receptor targeting.
A unique DNA-binding mode of African swine fever virus AP endonuclease
Authors: Chen Yiqing , Chen Xi , Huang Qi , Shao Zhiwei , Gao Yanqing , Li Yangyang , Yang Chun , Liu Hehua , Li Jixi , Wang Qiyao , Ma Jinbiao , Zhang Yong-Zhen , Gu Yijun , Gan Jianhua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is highly contagious and can cause lethal disease in pigs. ASFV is primarily replicated in the cytoplasm of pig macrophages, which is oxidative and caused constant damage to ASFV genome. ASFV AP endonuclease (AsfvAP) catalyzes DNA cleavage reaction at the abasic site and is a key enzyme of ASFV base excision repair (BER) system. Although it plays an essential role in ASFV survival in host cells, the basis underlying substrate binding and cleavage by AsfvAP remains unclear. Here, we reported the structural and functional studies of AsfvAP, showing that AsfvAP adopts a novel DNA-binding mode distinct from other APs. AsfvAP possesses many unique structural features, including one narrower nucleotide-binding pocket at the active site, the C16–C20 disulfide bond-containing region, and histidine-rich loop. As indicated by our mutagenesis, in vitro binding and cleavage assays, these features are important for AsfvAP to suit the acidic and oxidative environment. Owing to their functional importance, these unique features could serve as targets for designing small molecule inhibitors that could disrupt the repair process of ASFV genome and help fight against this deadly virus in the future.
Real-time dissolution of a compositionally complex alloy using inline ICP and correlation with XPS
Authors: Qiu Yao , Liu Ruiliang , Gengenbach Thomas , Gharbi Oumaïma , Choudhary Sanjay , Thomas Sebastian , Fraser Hamish L. , Birbilis Nick 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe real-time dissolution of the single-phase compositionally complex alloy (CCA), Al1.5TiVCr, was studied using an inline inductively coupled plasma method. Compositionally complex alloys (CCAs), a term encompassing high entropy alloys (HEAs) or multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs), are—in general—noted for their inherently high corrosion resistance. In order to gain an insight into the dissolution of Al1.5TiVCr alloy, atomic emission spectroelectrochemistry was utilised in order to measure the ion dissolution of the alloy during anodic polarisation. It was revealed that incongruent dissolution occurred, with preferential dissolution of Al, and essentially no dissolution of Ti, until the point of alloy breakdown. Results were correlated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which revealed a complex surface oxide inclusive of unoxidised metal, and metal oxides in disproportion to the bulk alloying element ratio.
Survey data on factors that constrain the adoption of soil carbon enhancing technologies in Ethiopia
Authors: Nguru Wilson M. , Ng’ang’a Stanley K. , Gelaw Fekadu , Kanyenji George M. , Girvetz Evan H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe data described in this paper were collected in two watersheds – Azuga-suba watershed in Angacha woreda (district) of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) region and Yesir watershed of Bure woreda (district) of the Amhara region – in Ethiopia. The data were collected from 379 households with the main objective being to assess the factors constraining the adoption of sustainable land management technologies (SLMT) that enhance soil organic carbon sequestration. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire that was designed in SurveyCTO. The data cleaning and analysis was done using STATA SE version 14. This data can be used by researchers to assess the extent of adoption of SLMTs in Ethiopia by, for example, comparing the North and the South regions of Ethiopia. It can also be used to assess the probability of adoption as well as the benefit and costs of adopting SLMTs in Ethiopia both at farm and plot level.
Numerical error analysis of the ICZT algorithm for chirp contours on the unit circle
Authors: Sukhoy Vladimir , Stoytchev Alexander 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper shows that the inverse chirp z-transform (ICZT), which generalizes the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) off the unit circle in the complex plane, can also be used with chirp contours that perform partial or multiple revolutions on the unit circle. This is done as a special case of the ICZT, which in algorithmic form has the same computational complexity as the IFFT, i.e.,O(n log n). Here we evaluate the ICZT algorithm for chirp contours on the unit circle and show that it is numerically accurate for large areas of the parameter space. The numerical error in this case depends on the polar angle between two adjacent contour points. More specifically, the error profile for a transform of sizenis determined by the elements of the Farey sequence of ordern − 1. Furthermore, this generalization allows the use of non-orthogonal frequency components, thus lifting one of the main restrictions of the IFFT.
On neglecting Coriolis and related couplings in first-principles rovibrational spectroscopy: considerations of symmetry, accuracy, and simplicity
Authors: Sarka János , Poirier Bill , Szalay Viktor , Császár Attila G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe rotation-vibration (Coriolis) coupling contribution to variationally computed rovibrational energy levels is investigated, employing triatomic AB$${}_{2}$$

2

molecules as models. In particular, calculations are performed for H$${}_{2}$$

2

$${}^{16}$$

16

O, across a range of vibrational and rotational excitations, both with and without the Coriolis contribution. A variety of different embedding choices are considered, together with a hierarchy of increasingly severe approximations culminating in a generalized version of the so-called “centrifugal sudden” method. Several surprising and remarkable conclusions are found, including that the Eckart embedding is not the best embedding choice.