bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinoic Acid Is Elevated in the Mucosa of Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis and Displays a Proinflammatory Role by Augmenting IL-17 and IFNγ Production
Authors: Rampal Ritika , Wari Nahidul , Singh Amit Kumar , Das Ujjwalkumar , Bopanna Sawan , Gupta Vipin , Nayak Baibaswata , Velapandian T , Kedia Saurabh , Kumar Dhiraj , Awasthi Amit , Ahuja Vineet 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
All-trans retinoic acid (RA) plays a crucial role in promoting Foxp3+ Treg generation while reciprocally inhibiting Th1/Th17 generation. Our previous research highlighted that in the face of inflammatory conditions, RA plays a contrary role where it aggravates intestinal inflammation by promoting interferon (IFN) γ and interleukin (IL)-17 differentiation in vitro.

Methods
In this study we translated our in vitro results into a clinical setting where we estimated mucosal and serum RA levels along with the immunophenotypic profile (IL-17, IFNγ, Foxp3, IL-10) in adaptive (CD4, CD8) and innate-like T cells (mucosal associated invariant T cells and γδ T cells) in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission or with active inflammation.

Results
This is the first study to estimate RA levels in the human gut and shows that patients with active disease had increased mucosal RA levels as compared with patients in remission (4.0 vs 2.5 ng/mL; P &lt; 0.01) and control patients (3.4 vs 0.8 ng/mL; P &lt; 0.0001). This effect was accompanied by significantly elevated IL-17 and IFNγ in tissue CD4+, CD8+, mucosal associated invariant T+ cells, and γδ + T cells. Moreover, the raised RA levels in patients with active disease showed a positive correlation with proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IFNγ) and a negative correlation with IL-10. We also found that RA negatively correlated with IL-9, thereby reinstating our previous finding that RA inhibits Th9 differentiation.

Conclusions
These data confirm our previous in vitro results that in the presence of inflammation, RA plays a crucial role in maintaining gut inflammation by upregulating proinflammatory markers.
The Risk of Adverse Neonatal Outcomes With Maternal Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Leung Kristel K , Tandon Parul , Govardhanam Vivek , Maxwell Cynthia , Huang Vivian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine pooled incidences and risk factors for these outcomes.

Methods
Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched through May 2019 for studies reporting adverse neonatal outcomes in IBD. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results
The pooled incidence of preterm birth, low birth weight, congenital anomalies, and infants transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit was 8.6% (95% CI, 7.0%–10.1%), 8.9% (95% CI, 7.3%–10.5%), 2.1% (95% CI, 1.6%–2.6%), and 4.9% (95% CI, 2.9%–6.9), respectively. Compared with healthy controls, patients with IBD were more likely to deliver infants with low birth weight (&lt;2500 grams; OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.16–6.66) and infants admitted to the intensive care unit (OR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.83–6.05). Patients with Crohn’s disease had an increased incidence of congenital anomalies (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.43–6.42). Among IBD patients, active disease was associated with increased incidence of preterm birth (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.21–3.51), low birth weight (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.54–5.70), and small for gestational age (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.18–5.83). Antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) use during pregnancy was associated with an increased incidence of neonatal intensive care unit admission (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.31–4.45) and low birth weight (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.01–2.35).

Conclusions
Patients with IBD, particularly with active disease or requiring anti-TNF therapy, may be at increased risk of developing adverse neonatal outcomes.
Micro- and Macroenvironmental Conditions and Stability of Terrestrial Models
Authors: Lee Vanessa K , David John M , Huerkamp Michael J 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnvironmental variables can have profound effects on the biological responses of research animals and the outcomes of experiments dependent on them. Some of these influences are both predictable and unpredictable in effect, many are challenging to standardize, and all are influenced by the planning and conduct of experiments and the design and operation of the vivarium. Others are not yet known. Within the immediate environment where the research animal resides, in the vivarium and in transit, the most notable of these factors are ambient temperature, relative humidity, gaseous pollutant by-products of animal metabolism and physiology, dust and particulates, barometric pressure, electromagnetic fields, and illumination. Ambient temperatures in the animal housing environment, in particular those experienced by rodents below the thermoneutral zone, may introduce degrees of stress and thermoregulatory compensative responses that may complicate or invalidate study measurements across a broad array of disciplines. Other factors may have more subtle and specific effects. It is incumbent on scientists designing and executing experiments and staff responsible for animal husbandry to be aware of, understand, measure, systematically record, control, and account for the impact of these factors on sensitive animal model systems to ensure the quality and reproducibility of scientific studies.
The Distribution and Possible Roles of Small Cardioactive Peptide in the NudibranchMelibe leonina
Authors: Watson W H , Nash A , Lee C , Patz M D , Newcomb J M 
Published: May 2020

SynopsisThe neuropeptide small cardioactive peptide (SCP) plays an integrative role in exciting various motor programs involved in feeding and locomotion in a number of gastropod species. In this study, immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies against SCPB, was used to localize SCPB-like-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system, and map their connections to various tissues, in the nudibranch, Melibe leonina. Approximately 28–36 SCPB-like-immunoreactive neurons were identified in the M. leonina brain, as well as one large neuron in each of the buccal ganglia. The neuropil of the pedal ganglia contained the most SCPB-like-immunoreactive varicosities, although only a small portion of these were due to SCPB-like-immunoreactive neurons in the same ganglion. This suggests that much of the SCPB-like immunoreactivity in the neuropil of the pedal ganglia was from neurons in other ganglia that projected through the pedal–pedal connectives or the connectives from the cerebral and pleural ganglia. We also observed extensive SCPB innervation along the length of the esophagus. Therefore, we investigated the impact of SCPB on locomotion in intact animals, as well as peristaltic contractions of the isolated esophagus. Injection of intact animals with SCPB at night led to a significant increase in crawling and swimming, compared to control animals injected with saline. Furthermore, perfusion of isolated brains with SCPB initiated expression of the swim motor program. Application of SCPB to the isolated quiescent esophagus initiated rhythmic peristaltic contractions, and this occurred in preparations both with and without the buccal ganglia being attached. All these data, taken together, suggest that SCPB could be released at night to arouse animals and enhance the expression of both feeding and swimming motor programs in M. leonina.
Metastatic malignant melanoma of unknown primary in temporalis muscle
Authors: Grech Alexia , Mercieca Naomi , Calleja-Agius Jean , Abela Rachel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Metastatic melanoma of unknown primary (MUP) is an uncommon melanocytic lesion found in distant sites with no evident skin involvement. This case report presents a 75-year-old woman who underwent local excision for a lump in the right temporal area, which had been present for 6 months and had been suspected to be a lipoma. Histology confirmed that the tissue excised from the temporalis muscle was composed of atypical, heavily pigmented melanocytes. Her history was negative for melanocytic lesions, and examination and extensive investigation including imaging had failed to identify a primary lesion. The patient is currently being followed up.
Cell-Derived Microparticles in Blood Products from Thalassemic Blood Donors
Authors: Noulsri Egarit , Lerdwana Surada , Palasuwan Duangdao , Palasuwan Attakorn 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
To determine the number of cell-derived microparticles (MPs) in blood products obtained from donors who have thalassemia.

Methods
Packed red blood cells (PRBCs), plasma, and platelet concentrate (PC) were prepared according to routine procedures. We used flow cytometry to quantitate the concentration of MPs.

Results
The results of a comparison of MP levels in unprocessed whole blood showed that the concentration of all MPs in the donors without thalassemia trait (n = 255) was higher than in donors with thalassemia trait (n = 70). After processing, increased concentrations of MPs were documented in both groups. Among the blood components, PRBC showed higher platelet-derived MP concentrations in donors with thalassemia than in donors without thalassemia. However, PC showed higher concentrations of total MPs in donors without thalassemia than in donors with that condition.

Conclusions
Our results suggest little influence of thalassemia-trait status on changes in MP concentrations in blood components.
Stability and gravitational collapse of neutron stars with realistic equations of state
Authors: Pretel J M Z , da Silva M F A 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We discuss the stability and construct dynamical configurations describing the gravitational collapse of unstable neutron stars with realistic equations of state compatible with the recent LIGO–Virgo constraints. Unlike other works that consider the collapse of a stellar configuration without a priori knowledge if it is stable or unstable, we first perform a complete analysis on stellar stability for such equations of state. Negative values of the squared frequency of the fundamental mode indicate us radial instability with respect to the collapse of the unstable star to a black hole. We find numerical solutions corresponding to the temporal and radial behaviour during the evolution of the collapse for certain relevant physical quantities such as mass, luminosity, energy density, pressure, heat flow, temperature, and quantities that describe bulk viscous processes. Our results show that the equation of state undergoes abrupt changes close to the moment of event horizon formation as a consequence of dissipative effects. During the collapse process all energy conditions are respected, which implies that our model is physically acceptable.
The spin–temperature dependence of the 21-cm–LAE cross-correlation
Authors: Heneka Caroline , Mesinger Andrei 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Cross-correlating 21 cm with known cosmic signals will be invaluable proof of the cosmic origin of the first 21-cm detections. As some of the widest fields available, comprising thousands of sources with reasonably known redshifts, narrow-band Lyman-α emitter (LAE) surveys are an obvious choice for such cross-correlation. Here, we revisit the 21-cm–LAE cross-correlation, relaxing the common assumption of reionization occurring in a pre-heated intergalactic medium (IGM). Using specifications from the Square Kilometre Array and the Subaru Hyper Supreme-Cam, we present new forecasts of the 21-cm–LAE cross-correlation function at z ∼ 7. We sample a broad parameter space of the mean IGM neutral fraction and spin temperature, ($\bar{x}_{\rm H\,{\small I}}$, $\bar{T}_{\rm S}$). The sign of the cross-correlation roughly follows the sign of the 21-cm signal: Ionized regions that surround LAEs correspond to relative hot spots in the 21-cm signal when the neutral IGM is colder than the CMB, and relative cold spots when the neutral IGM is hotter than the CMB. The amplitude of the cross-correlation function generally increases with increasing $\bar{x}_{\rm H\,{\small I}}$, following the increasing bias of the cosmic H ii regions. As is the case for 21 cm, the strongest cross signal occurs when the IGM is colder than the CMB, providing a large contrast between the neutral regions and the ionized regions, which host LAEs. We also vary the topology of reionization and the epoch of X-ray heating. The cross-correlation during the first half of reionization is sensitive to these topologies, and could thus be used to constrain them.
Morphology and ionization characteristics of planetary nebulae PB 1 and PC 19
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Rahul , Das Ramkrishna , Mondal Soumen , Ghosh Samrat 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We present results of our study of two planetary nebulae (PNe), PB1 and PC 19. We use the optical spectra of these two PNe observed at 2 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope and also archival and literature data for the study. We use the morphokinematic code shape to construct 3D morphologies of the PNe and the photoionization code cloudy to model the observed spectra. The 3D model of PB 1 consists of an elongated shell surrounded by a bipolar halo and that of PC 19 consists of an open lobed bipolar structure and a spiral filamentary pair. We analyse the ionization structure of the PNe by deriving several plasma parameters and by photoionization modelling. We estimate the elemental abundances of the elements, He, C, N, O, Ne, S, Ar, and Cl, from our analysis. We find He, C, and N abundances to be significantly higher in case of PB 1. We estimate different physical parameters of the central stars, namely effective temperature, luminosity, and gravity, and of the nebula, namely hydrogen density profiles, radii, etc., from photoionization modelling. We estimate distances to the PNe as ∼4.3 kpc for PB 1 and as ∼5.6 kpc for PC 19 by fitting the photoionization models to absolute observed fluxes. Progenitor masses are estimated from theoretical evolutionary trajectories and are found to be ∼1.67 and ∼2.38 M⊙ for PB 1 and PC 19, respectively.
On the local and global properties of gravitational spheres of influence
Authors: Souami D , Cresson J , Biernacki C , Pierret F 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We revisit the concept of spheres of gravitational activity, to which we give both a geometrical and a physical meaning. This study aims to refine this concept in a much broader context that could, for instance, be applied to exo-planetary problems (in a Galactic stellar disc–star–planets system) in order to define a first-order ‘boundary’ of a planetary system. The methods used in this paper rely on classical Celestial Mechanics and develop the equations of motion in the framework of the three-body problem (e.g. Star-Planet-Satellite System). We start with the basic definition of a planet’s sphere of activity as the region of space in which it is feasible to assume the planet as the central body and the Sun as the perturbing body when computing perturbations of the satellite’s motion. We then investigate the geometrical properties and physical meaning of the ratios of solar accelerations (central and perturbing) and planetary accelerations (central and perturbing), and the boundaries they define. Throughout the paper, we clearly distinguish amongst the sphere of activity, the Chebotarev sphere (a particular case of the sphere of activity), the Laplace sphere, and the Hill sphere. The last two are often wrongfully thought to be one and the same. Furthermore, by taking a closer look at and comparing the ratio of the star’s accelerations (central/perturbing) with that of the planetary accelerations (central/perturbing) as a function of the planeto-centric distance, we have identified different dynamical regimes, which are presented in the semi-analytical analysis.
Unresolved stellar companions with Gaia DR2 astrometry
Authors: Belokurov Vasily , Penoyre Zephyr , Oh Semyeong , Iorio Giuliano , Hodgkin Simon , Evans N Wyn , Everall Andrew , Koposov Sergey E , Tout Christopher A , Izzard Robert , Clarke Cathie J , Brown Anthony G A 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
For stars with unresolved companions, motions of the centre of light and that of mass decouple, causing a single-source astrometric model to perform poorly. We show that such stars can be easily detected with the reduced χ2 statistic, or renormalized unit weight error (RUWE), provided as part of Gaia DR2. We convert RUWE into the amplitude of the image centroid wobble, which, if scaled by the source distance, is proportional to the physical separation between companions (for periods up to several years). We test this idea on a sample of known spectroscopic binaries and demonstrate that the amplitude of the centroid perturbation scales with the binary period and the mass ratio as expected. We apply this technique to the Gaia DR2 data and show how the binary fraction evolves across the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. The observed incidence of unresolved companions is high for massive young stars and drops steadily with stellar mass, reaching its lowest levels for white dwarfs. We highlight the elevated binary fraction for the nearby blue stragglers and blue horizontal branch stars. We also illustrate how unresolved hierarchical triples inflate the relative velocity signal in wide binaries. Finally, we point out a hint of evidence for the existence of additional companions to the hosts of extrasolar hot Jupiters.
Dietary trans-fatty acid intake in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Michels Nathalie , Specht Ina Olmer , Heitmann Berit L , Chajès Veronique , Huybrechts Inge 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContextApart from ruminant fat, trans-fatty acids are produced during the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils, (eg, in the production of ultraprocessed foods). Harmful cardiovascular effects of trans-fatty acids are already proven, but the link with cancer risk has not yet been summarized.ObjectiveA systematic review (following PRISMA guidelines) – including observational studies on the association of trans-fatty acid intake with any cancer risk – was conducted, with no limitations on population types.Data SourcesThe electronic databases PubMed and Embase were searched to identify relevant studies.Data ExtractionThis systematic review included 46 articles. Quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses were conducted if at least 4 articles exploring the same transfat-cancer pairings were found.Data analysisNineteen cancer types have been researched in cohort and case-control studies on trans-fatty acids, with breast cancer (n = 17), prostate cancer (n = 11), and colorectal cancer (n = 9) as the most researched. The meta-analyses on total trans-fat showed a significant positive association for prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.49; 95%CI, 1.13–1.95) and colorectal cancer (OR 1.26; 95%CI, 1.08–1.46) but not for breast cancer (OR 1.12; 95%CI, 0.99–1.26), ovarian cancer (OR 1.10; 95%CI, 0.94–1.28), or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR 1.32; 95%CI, 0.99–1.76). Results were dependent on the fatty acid subtype, with even cancer-protective associations for some partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. Enhancing moderators in the positive transfat-cancer relation were gender (direction was cancer-site specific), European ancestry, menopause, older age, and overweight.ConclusionDespite heterogeneity, higher risk of prostate and colorectal cancer by high consumption of trans-fatty acids was found. Future studies need methodological improvements (eg, using long-term follow-up cancer data and intake biomarkers). Owing to the lack of studies testing trans-fatty acid subtypes in standardized ways, it is not clear which subtypes (eg, ruminant sources) are more carcinogenic.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration no. CRD42018105899
Sequence Capture Phylogenomics of True Spiders Reveals Convergent Evolution of Respiratory Systems
Authors: Ramírez Martín J , Magalhaes Ivan L F , Derkarabetian Shahan , Ledford Joel , Griswold Charles E , Wood Hannah M , Hedin Marshal 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The common ancestor of spiders likely used silk to line burrows or make simple webs, with specialized spinning organs and aerial webs originating with the evolution of the megadiverse “true spiders” (Araneomorphae). The base of the araneomorph tree also concentrates the greatest number of changes in respiratory structures, a character system whose evolution is still poorly understood, and that might be related to the evolution of silk glands. Emphasizing a dense sampling of multiple araneomorph lineages where tracheal systems likely originated, we gathered genomic-scale data and reconstructed a phylogeny of true spiders. This robust phylogenomic framework was used to conduct maximum likelihood and Bayesian character evolution analyses for respiratory systems, silk glands, and aerial webs, based on a combination of original and published data. Our results indicate that in true spiders, posterior book lungs were transformed into morphologically similar tracheal systems six times independently, after the evolution of novel silk gland systems and the origin of aerial webs. From these comparative data, we put forth a novel hypothesis that early-diverging web-building spiders were faced with new energetic demands for spinning, which prompted the evolution of similar tracheal systems via convergence; we also propose tests of predictions derived from this hypothesis.[Book lungs; discrete character evolution; respiratory systems; silk; spider web evolution; ultraconserved elements.]
Evaluation of 5-day In Vivo Rat Liver and Kidney With High-throughput Transcriptomics for Estimating Benchmark Doses of Apical Outcomes
Authors: Gwinn William M , Auerbach Scott S , Parham Fred , Stout Matthew D , Waidyanatha Suramya , Mutlu Esra , Collins Brad , Paules Richard S , Merrick Bruce Alex , Ferguson Stephen , Ramaiahgari Sreenivasa , Bucher John R , Sparrow Barney , Toy Heather , Gorospe Jenni , Machesky Nick , Shah Ruchir R , Balik-Meisner Michele R , Mav Deepak , Phadke Dhiral P , Roberts Georgia , DeVito Michael J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A 5-day in vivo rat model was evaluated as an approach to estimate chemical exposures that may pose minimal risk by comparing benchmark dose (BMD) values for transcriptional changes in the liver and kidney to BMD values for toxicological endpoints from traditional toxicity studies. Eighteen chemicals, most having been tested by the National Toxicology Program in 2-year bioassays, were evaluated. Some of these chemicals are potent hepatotoxicants (eg, DE71, PFOA, and furan) in rodents, some exhibit toxicity but have minimal hepatic effects (eg, acrylamide and α,β-thujone), and some exhibit little overt toxicity (eg, ginseng and milk thistle extract) based on traditional toxicological evaluations. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed once daily for 5 consecutive days by oral gavage to 8–10 dose levels for each chemical. Liver and kidney were collected 24 h after the final exposure and total RNA was assayed using high-throughput transcriptomics (HTT) with the rat S1500+ platform. HTT data were analyzed using BMD Express 2 to determine transcriptional gene set BMD values. BMDS was used to determine BMD values for histopathological effects from chronic or subchronic toxicity studies. For many of the chemicals, the lowest transcriptional BMDs from the 5-day assays were within a factor of 5 of the lowest histopathological BMDs from the toxicity studies. These data suggest that using HTT in a 5-day in vivo rat model provides reasonable estimates of BMD values for traditional apical endpoints. This approach may be useful to prioritize chemicals for further testing while providing actionable data in a timely and cost-effective manner.