bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TO COMPARE EARLY ENTERAL FEED WITH EARLY PARENTERAL FEED IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS; A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Tiwari Devesh Kumar , Somani Rajan B. 
Published: March 2020

Acute pancreatitis has been recognised since antiquity but the importance of pancreas and the severity of its inflammatory disorders were realized only in the middle of the 19th century. In accordance with this wide variation in clinical presentation, the treatment of acute pancreatitis requires a multidisciplinary approach. But even today with technical advances in medical and surgical fields acute pancreatitis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Increasing evidence suggests that enteral feeding maintains the intestinal barrier function and prevents or reduces bacterial translocation from the gut. Our aim is to compare the effects of early enteral feeding with early parenteral feeding in acute pancreatitis in terms of occurrence of infective & non infective complications in both types of feeding groups and to assess the average duration of hospital stay and cost in both groups. This prospective randomized clinical study was carried out on patients of 50 diagnosed cases of acute pancreatitis admitted in Sir T Hospital from October 2017 to August 2019. Patients included in study were randomly divided into two group A (Enteral feeding) and group B (Parenteral feeding). After initiation of respective nutrition patients were observed for infective and non infective complication incidence, duration of hospital stay and other morbidities. Enteral feeding decrease the incidence of infective and non pancreatic complications, decreases duration of hospital stay. Patients tolerating soft diet earlier in early enteral feeding group compared to early parenteral feeding group. Cost of treatment is also less in enteral feeding. So in acute pancreatitis early enteral feeding is superior to early parenteral feeding.
Keywords: Acute pancreatitis , Enteral , Parenteral, Feeding.
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF PEDIATRIC OCULAR TRAUMA: A HOSPITAL BASED PROSPECTIVE STUDY.
Authors: Kant Dev , Kumari Jyoti , Singh R. K. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: This present study was to evaluate the clinical and socio-demographical study in cases of paediatrics ocular injuries.
Methods: A detail assessment and relevant investigations were performed to all paediatrics OCT. And globe injuries were recorded according to the BETT. Occular injury was examined by using equipment model OCT 2000 by TOPCON at IGIMS, Patna. Treatment was given depending on type and severity of injuries. Patients were followed up on day 1, day 7, 1 month, and at 6 months. Initial best corrected visual acuity was evaluated on first day of follow up. And final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated on last day of follow up after 6 months.
Results: Data was analysed by using simple statistical methods with the help of MS-office software. All data was tabulated and percentage was calculated.
Conclusions: Age group 0-10 years and males were more prone to ocular trauma. Stick, stone RTA and fall were more causative risk for OCT. School, home, Road traffic accident were the common places for ocular trauma. Open globe injury and close globe injury were commonly seen in ocular trauma cases. Close globe injury patients were shows the better BCVA with respect to OGI, lids and lacrimal apparatus injury and non-mechanical injury. Hence, we should aware the parents and family members about the common modes of trauma, the need of supervision of the objects of play. Self-protection should be taught to children to prevent possible ocular injuries. Houses, playgrounds and schools must be made safe and common items of trauma such as sharp objects, household lime, acids must be kept out of reach of children. Intensive campaign may be done before festival seasons about safety measures to increase public awareness. Ocular trauma is a frequent reason for emergency room visits. Evaluation of eye injuries should start with visual acuity and continue with prompt referral to an ophthalmologist as indicated.
Key words: Ocular trauma, clinical profile, open globe injury, close globe injury, BCVA
HOMOCYSTEINE LOWERING EFFECT OF DONEPEZIL AND VITAMIN B12 SUPPLEMENT IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Yeram Neelam , Dalvi Shubhangi , Patil Vinayak , Kale Vinayak , Jagiasi Kamlesh , Abichandani Leela 
Published: March 2020

Background: Association of homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism with cognitive dysfunction in AD pathogenesis has been revealed by many studies. The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of vitamin B12 (VB12) and Hcy with response to donepezil and VB12 supplement therapy in AD treatment.
Methods: Study comprised of 71 AD patients and 70 healthy controls above 60 years of age. Blood serum samples were analyzed for VB12 and Hcy levels by the chemiluminescence method. AD patients were treated with donepezil (5mg/day) and nutritional supplement containing VB12 (1.5mg/day) and was observed at intervals of 3 and 6 months. Statistical evaluation was done by using IMB SPSS statistics version 25.
Results: The serum levels of Hcy were significantly higher and VB12 were significantly low in AD patients as compared to baseline. The therapy did not show any improvement at 3 months interval but after 6 months the serum levels of VB12 increased and Hcy decreased as compared to 3 months. Hcy and VB12 show a negative correlation with each other in AD groups. (p < 0.01)
Conclusion: We conclude that the combination of donepezil and VB12 not only render symptomatic reliefs in AD patients, but also helps to revive from the metabolic consequences caused due to HHcy. It lowers the serum Hcy levels in AD, thereby reducing the progressive neurodegeneration and further vascular complications of AD. Research on efficacy of this combination therapy for a longer duration will help in better understanding of the disease pathogenesis and thus develop novel therapeutic target drugs.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF CELECOXIB LOADED NANOSPONGES FOR THE TREATMENT OF PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: Ravi G. , Bose P. Subhash Chandra , Ravi Valluru , Sarita Damineni 
Published: March 2020

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease which is one of the types of psoriasis. 25% of all psoriasis patients develop psoriatic arthritis. It is characterised with innate and adaptive immune responses. The main objective of the present work was to prepare characterization and evaluate the Celecoxib nanosponges for the treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) having low solubility and low bioavailability. In order to increase the solubility, this drug was incorporate in nanosponges by melting technique. The prepared formulation was evaluated for different parameters. SEM images confirm that the prepared formulation was spherical and porous in nature. Particle size analysis shows that as the cross-linker ratio increases, there is increase in the particle size of nanosponges. Particle size was in the size range of 201.69 nm. The in vitro studies were carried out for prepared nanosponges which showed drug release of 89.69% in 24 h.
Keywords: Nanosponges, Psoriatic arthritis, NSAID, Drug release
DYSLIPIDEMIA IN HYPOTHYROIDISM PATIENTS: A HOSPITAL BASED CASE AND CONTROL STUDY.
Authors: Jha Jyoti , Kant Nishi 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: This present study was to evaluate the incidence and abnormalities in lipid profile in patients with hypothyroidism.
Methods: A detail history, clinical examinations and relevant investigations were performed to all subjects. Serum free T3 (fT3) and T4 (fT4) were measured by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Serum TSH was measured by sand-witch ELISA method. Serum cholesterol was measured by cholesterol oxidase-peroxidase (CHODPAP) method. Serum triglyceride was measured by glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO) method. Serum VLDL (in mg/dl) was calculated by dividing the value of TG by 5. Serum LDL value was calculated by Fried-Wald equation. And serum HDL level was calculated by precipitation method.
Results: Data was analysed by using software SPSS 15.0. Independent t-test was applied. Mean and standard deviations were observed. P-value was taken equal to or less than 0.05 for significant differences (p≤0.05).
Conclusions: Hypothyroidism was commonly seen in elderly age group subjects. Females were more preponderance than males. Hypercholesterolemia, hyper triglyceridemia and increased LDL-cholestrol & VLDL-Cholestrol were extremely significant associated with hypothyroidism. Hence, hypothyroidism has an importantly associated with abnormal lipid profile. Therefore, biochemical screening for thyroid dysfunction should be perform in all dyslipidemic patients. Early diagnosis should be made for proper treatment of dyslipidemia in hypothyroidism patients.
Keywords: hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia, age, sex.
OSTEOMETRIC AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE FEMUR AMONG POPULATION OF DATIA REGION.
Authors: Jain Ruchi , Srivastava Amit 
Published: March 2020

Background: Sexual identification from the skeletal parts has medico legal and anthropological importance. The femur the longest and strongest bone in the skeleton.
Objectives: to obtain values of maximum femoral length and to evaluate its possible usefulness in determining correct sexual identification.
Material and Methods: Study sample consisted of 190 dry, normal, adult, human femora (140 male & 50 female) from skeletal collections of Anatomy department, Government Medical College, Datia. Maximum length of femur was considered as maximum vertical distance between upper end of head of femur and the lowest point on femoral condyle, measured with the osteometric board.
Results: Mean Values obtained were, 450.81 and 416.48 for right male and female, and 443.35 and 419.44 for left male and female respectively. Higher value in male was statistically highly significant (P< 0.001) on both sides. Demarking point (D.P.) analysis of the data showed that right femora with maximum length more than 474.70 were male and less than 377.99 were female; while for left bones, femora with maximum length more than 484.49 were male and less than 385.73 were definitely female.
Conclusion: Maximum length identified 13.43% of right male femora, 4.35% of right female femora, 7.25% of left male femora and 8% of left female femora
Keywords: Maximum length, Sexual dimorphism, Femur, osteometry, femoral length.
CADAVERIC ANATOMY AND RELATIONSHIP OF PHRENIC NERVE AND SUBCLAVIAN VEIN
Authors: Madaan Dr. Sandeep , Mittal Dr. Lavlesh 
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION: Deep knowledge of anatomy is an essential part of surgical practice. Students of medical sciences gain knowledge and theoretical data through actual visualization of anatomic structures of the cadavers also anatomic relations can be studied more efficiently by practicing on cadavers. As phrenic nerve may be damaged during subclavian vein catheterization the relationship between the phrenic nerve and the subclavian vein is of clinical interest. During the subclavian vein catheterization analogous variable relationships are helpful to explain and prevent damage to the phrenic nerve.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Dissection was started from the root of the neck. No surgical scars, gross anatomical and morphological abnormalities was noted on the cadaver. Measurements were taken during the anatomical dissections.
RESULTS: Of the 36 cadavers dissected in 34 (94.44%) cases phrenic nerve was found posterior to the subclavian vein and in 2(5.56%) cases found anterior to the subclavian vein of which one case was male and the other was female. In the male case in which phrenic nerve was passing anterior to the subclavian vein, it was adherent to the anterior wall of the subclavian vein and was nor piercing the vein wall.
CONCLUSION: The cannulating needle may damage the phrenic nerve which is adherent to the subclavian vein. So, the puncture site should be more laterally at the outermost portion of the subclavian vein. Anatomical variants during invasive practical procedures should be always kept in mind.
KEYWORDS: phrenic nerve, subclavian vein, phrenic nerve palsy, catheterization.
SURGERIES OF LOWER LIMB UNDER COMBINED FEMORAL AND SCIATIC NERVE BLOCK
Authors: Agrawal Dr. Pawan Kumar , Gupta Dr. Anil Kumar 
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) can provide surgical anesthesia with better cardiorespiratory stability and is the best option for life-saving procedures where both general and central neuraxialanesthesia are risky, and no fasting, , or preoperative optimization is required. One of the most useful anesthetic technique is the combination of sciatic and femoral nerve block (3:1) for lower limb surgery. Peripheral nerve blocks are generally suitable for lower limb surgeries because of the peripheral location and the potential to block pain pathways at multiple levels. Also PNBs avoid hemodynamic instability and, facilitate postoperative pain management, and assure a timely discharge of the patient.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective observational study 50 patients of 22 to 67 years age group of both sexes were included who were posted for lower limb surgeries. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 25 each. In Group A: 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine for femoral nerve block and 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine for sciatic nerve block was given to the patients. In group B: 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine plus 25 µg fentanyl for femoral nerve block and 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine plus fentanyl 25 µg for sciatic nerve block was given. Visual analog scale (VAS) with 0 – 10 cm line was used to see the level of anesthesia in the postoperative period and interpreted as “0” means “no pain” and mark “10” means “severe pain.” Pain score was assessed every 30 min during surgery. If pain is experienced during surgery injection ketamine 0.5 mg/kg intravenously.
RESULTS: This study was carried out on 50 patients divided into two groups of 25 each of age group of 22 to 67 years posted for lower limb surgeries. In group A mean age of the patients was 43.78± 12.47and in group B it was 42.33± 13.29. Out of total 25 patients operated in group A 21 (84%) were male and 4 (16%) female, while in group B male and female were 22 (88%) and 3 (12%) respectively. Mean onset of sensory block (Minutes) in group A and Group B was 11.94 ± 3.54 and 12.19 ± 2.67 respectively. Mean onset of motor block in group A was 17.59 ±3.47 minutes and in group B was17.87± 2.78 minutes. Total duration of sensory block in group A was 13.96 ± 0.27 hours and in group B 13.05 ± 0.98 hours. Total duration of motor block in group A was11.58 ± 1.56 hours and in group B12.88 ± 0.96 hours. VAS score was 0 till 8 hours of the study period then it started increasing in both the groups. Patients demanded the first dose of rescue analgesia at 16th hour.
CONCLUSION: Combined femoral-sciatic nerve block is one of the most useful anesthetic procedures and can be used without any major complications, it can also be used in critically ill patients.
EVALUATION OF USE OF NARROW DIAMETER IMPLANTS IN POSTERIOR REGION OF THE JAWS
Authors: Upasana Dr. Kumari , Choudhary Dr. Shivendra 
Published: March 2020

The molars are one of the first teeth to be lost over lifetime; thus, their replacement is frequently needed. Implantation is generally the preferred choice to replace a missing single tooth avoiding vital teeth preparation and bridge fabrication. Placement of implant to replace a molar presents diagnostic, surgical, and prosthetic demands, such as an enlarged mesiodistal dimension and occlusal forces distribution. Poor bone quality in the posterior regions, especially the maxilla, could jeopardize the short- and long-term implant success. Anatomical considerations and adjacent vital structures (ie, maxillary sinus and mandibular canal), occlusal loads, and the occlusal table, which is frequently wider than the implant diameter, should also be of some concern. Quality and density of the bone in the posterior regions can compromise initial implant stabilization and load transfer to the bone. The most frequent single molar to be replaced is the first mandibular molar, because this tooth is lost first. Implantation in the posterior area is a predictable procedure over time. The low rate of complications in addition to the high long-term success rate make implant restoration a reliable solution to treat posterior partial edentulism. Hence the present study was planned for evaluation for evaluation of use of narrow diameter implants in in posterior region of the jaws.
The present study was planned in Department of Impalantology, Manipal College of dental sciences Manipal. Total 20 cases were enrolled in the present study. Out of that 10 cases were scheduled for single unit prosthetic rehabilitation supported by implant in the posterior region of the jaws was evaluated in Group A. These cases were implemented with the Narrow Diameter Implant (NDI). Remaining 10 cases were evaluated in the Group B as control cases. These control patients received the Regular Diameter Implant (RDI).
The data generated from the present study concludes that NDIs placed in posterior region of the jaws without sufficient bone thickness for placement of RDIs presented a high success and survival rate. In addition to that, NDIs presented marginal bone loss patterns similar to those for RDIs, both in the maxilla and mandible. Thus, it can be suggested that NDIs may be successfully used in the posterior regions of the jaws. More studies with longer follow-up intervals are, however, necessary to further evaluate single crowns supported by NDIs in the posterior region of the jaws.
Keywords: Narrow Diameter Implants, Posterior Region of the Jaws, Regular Diameter Implant, NDI, RDI, etc.
A LATERAL CEPHALOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF ASSOCIATION OF CLEFT LIP AND PALATE WITH CERVICAL VERTEBRAL ANOMALIES
Authors: Khatoon Shazia , Jain Samir 
Published: March 2020

Generally, orthodontic treatment and intervention are timed to take place before or during the peak growth velocity or pubertal growth spurt to achieve favorable effects in correcting sagittal, transverse, and vertical plane disharmonies. Skeletal maturity and growth spurts have been assessed by several methods in the literature, including chronological age, dental development, and sexual maturation characteristics. All of these methods have limitations, such as poor correlation with growth spurt. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for A Lateral Cephalographic Evaluation of Association of Cleft Lip and Palate with Cervical Vertebral Anomalies.
The present study was planned in Department of Dentistry, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar, India. In the present study 20 cases of the age from 5 to 20 years suffered from the cleft lip and Palate were enrolled and evaluated with the different parameters. The radiographs were traced for cervical spine from C1- C4 on an acetate paper with 3H pencil under optimal illumination. Cervical vertebral anomalies were recorded and categorized into posterior arch deficiencies and fusion or both.
The data generated from the present study concludes that the association between cleft lip and palate and cervical vertebral anomalies indicates that cervical vertebral anomalies may be implicated as the etiology of cleft lip and palate. As oral and maxillofacial radiologists, lateral cephalographs are easily available in records of dental patients and can be used to identify cervical vertebral anomalies. Cervical vertebral anomalies can predispose to further disorders and identification of such anomalies mandates referral to the concerned specialist for appropriate management.
Keywords: Cleft Lip and Palate; Cervical Vertebral Anomalies; Dehiscence; Fusion; Lateral Cephalographs, etc.
TO STUDY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ACUTE HEAD TRAUMA AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER BIKANER RAJASTHAN
Authors: Pareek Kapil , Sodhi Dinesh 
Published: March 2020

Background: Worldwide, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the single largest cause of death and disability following injury. Most TBI’s are due to road side accidents. According to WHO data, by the year 2020, head trauma will be third largest killer in the developing world.
Methods: The present study was conducted in Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma center of S. P. Medical College and A.G. of Hospitals, Bikaner. The study group consisted of a total of 100 head injury patients presenting to the Trauma center and admitted in neurosurgery ward.
Results: The incidence of injury with respect to the time of occurrence in a day has shown a maximum number of incidents occur between 6.00 pm and 12.00 midnight (40.00%), followed by 12 noon to 6 pm having (28.00%).
Conclusion: The lack of awareness among the pedestrians and disregard for traffic rules by the motorists were important reasons for most of the accidents.
Keywords: Neurosurgery, Trauma, Injury
CONTEMPORARY TREATMENT OF ALK POSITIVE NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER PATIENT WITH BRAIN METASTASES: OUR EXPERIENCE
Authors: Crvenkova S , M Popova 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study is to show alectinib efficacy and safety, with focus on alectinib intracranial efficacy.
Case presentation: We report on a 46-year-old woman diagnosed as non small cell lung cancer harboring echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene. She has intracranial metastases and poor performance status of 3. We treated this patients with alectinib after whole brain irradiation and discontinuation of chemotherapy after two 2 cycles due to progressive brain and liver metastases. Good response was obtained with improving of her performance status without adverse events.
Conclusions: We recommend alectinib as a treatment approach for ALK+ NSCLC patients, especially those with CNS metastases at the time of the diagnosis and poor PS.
Key words: CNS metastasis, ALK+ NSCLC patients, alectinib
HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE IN PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Fatima Qadir , Dotasara Priyanka , Gauri Liyakat Ali 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Thyroid function disorders are among the most common endocrine diseases. Females are affected more than males, especially during the reproductive age. Hypothyroidism is the most prevalent type with a reported frequency of 2–5% worldwide. Thyroid hormones are essential for virtually all body tissues. So deficiency may affect hematopoiesis in bone marrow and eventually hematopoietic cells. Hematological abnormalities have frequently been reported in thyroid disorders. Anemia is frequently observed in patients with primary hypothyroidism.
Objectives: To study the hematological changes and pattern of anemia in primary hypothyroid patients.
Materials & Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on newly diagnosed 100 patients with primary hypothyroidism, between 18 –60 years. They were categorized as 35 patients of subclinical and 65 patients of overt hypothyroidism based on TSH level. Patients’ who fulfills the inclusion exclusion criteria were evaluated for thyroid function tests (T3, T4 and TSH) and hematological parameters (CBC and PBF).
Results: Our analysis revealed an overall prevalence rate of anemia was 56% in patients with hypothyroidism which is higher than the WHO reported data of prevalence of anemia throughout the world. Our results showed that prevalence of normocytic normochromic anemia was significantly higher, microcytic anemia had the second rank, while macrocytic anemia had the lowest prevalence rate. On subgroup analysis, there was no statistical difference between subclinical hypothyroid and overt hypothyroid, in term of hematological parameters and type of anemia.
Conclusion: Without proper diagnosis and effective treatment of the underlying thyroid disease, it is often difficult to achieve a complete correction of the anemia. The high prevalence of anemia in patients with hypothyroidism suggests screening for hypothyroidism during the differential diagnosis of cases presenting with anemia.
Keywords: Hypothyroidism, subclinical, overt, anemia, hematological, thyroid, blood.