bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bi3+ Effects on Down-/up-conversion Luminescence, Temperature Sensing and Optical Transition Properties in Bi3+/Er3+&nbsp;Co-doped YNbO4&nbsp; Phosphors
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Xiangping , Yu Hongquan , Xu Sai , Sun Jiashi , Cheng Lihong , Zhang Xizhen , Zhang Jinsu , Cao Yongze , Chen Baojiu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A series of Bi3+ single-doped and Bi3+/Er3+ co-doped YNbO4 phosphors with various concentrations of Bi3+ ions were prepared by a conventional high temperature solid-state reaction method. The results of XRD and Rietveld refinement confirmed that monoclinic phase YNbO4 samples were achieved. The down-/up-conversion luminescence of Er3+ ions were investigated under the excitation of ultraviolet light (327 nm) and near infrared light (980 nm). Under 327 nm excitation, broad visible emission band from Bi3+ ions and characteristic green emission peaks from Er3+ ions were simultaneously observed, while only strong green emissions from Er3+ ions were detected upon excitation of 980 nm. Remarkable emission enhancement was observed in down-/up-conversion luminescence processes by introducing Bi3+ ions into Er3+-doped YNbO4 phosphors. By analyzing the laser working current dependent up-conversion luminescence spectra, two-photon processes were confirmed to be responsible for both the green and the red up-conversion emissions of Er3+ ion. The temperature sensing property of Er3+ was studied by using the temperature dependent up-conversion luminescence spectra and it was found that the temperature sensitivity was sensitive to the doping concentration of Bi3+ ions. By comparing the experimental values of the radiative transition rate ratio of the two green emission levels of Er3+ ions and the theoretical values calculated by Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory, it was concluded that energy level splitting had significant influences on the temperature sensing property of Er3+ ions.
Pleurotus Ostreatus β-glucan Alleviates Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppression by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice
Authors: Shao Yalu , Zhong Hua , Pérez-Ponce Alejandro , Chen Deli , Zhong Lei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundImmunosuppression has given a serious threat to human health and can induce gut microbial dysbiosis. Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus) β-glucan (POG) with an average molecular weight of 214.5 kDa, mainly consisting of 95.72 mol% glucose by β-(1→3) linkages, can probably act as promising probiotics to modulate gut microbiota for relieving immunosuppression.ResultsIn this study, based on a mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression, we found that high dose of POG (HPOG, 0.9 g/kg bodyweight) could stimulate immune response by increasing the concentrations of cytokines and immunoglobulins in serum. After administration of POG, the pathological damages to spleen and thymus were recovered in immunosuppressed mice, accompanied with an improved intestinal mucosal barrier maintained by tight junction proteins. Additionally, HPOG enriched short chain fatty acids and restored gut microbiota composition in immunosuppressed mice. Specifically, HPOG-mediated genera, including Intestinimonas (OTU185, OTU232), Bacteroides (OTU002, OTU034) and Barnesiella (OTU046), were found to have significant Spearman's correlation with the recovery of immune function and intestinal mucosal barrier.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that POG had the potential to protect mice from immunosuppression by “drugging the gut microbiota”.
A Ten Years Retrospective Study of Hysterectomy in Goba Referral Hospital, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia, Magnitude Indications and Outcomes
Authors: Getachew Aklilu , Mengistu Takele , Asres Yaregal 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Hysterectomy is one of the major surgeries performed in clinical practice for commonly encountered diseases of the female genital tract worldwide. Even if Hysterectomy is widely performed surgery in both developed and low income countries little is known about is epidemiology in rural part of develop countries. Especially in developing countries like Ethiopia representative reliable statistics are rarely available on this important aspect of women’s health mainly on its prevalence, indication and outcome. So the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude indication and outcome of hysterectomy in Goba Referral Hospital from January 1, 2008 to January1, 2018. Methods: institutional based retrospective study was conducted in Goba Referral Hospital. Self-administered structured checklists were used to collect the data. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Continuous and categorical variables were summarized by tables, graph and descriptive statistics. Logistic regression was used to determine association between predictors and Hysterectomy prevalence. P-value <0.05 was -considered as statistically significant. Results: a total of 200 hysterectomies were done for obstetrics and gynecology indications, of which the commonest, 47% (n=94), indication was uterine rupture. From the total of 116 women, who had no antenatal care follow up, 40% (n=47) had uterine rupture. This study also indicated that, most of uterine rupture cases 80% (n=76) were living far away from the hospital (> 50km from the hospital) 94.6% (n-89) were multiparous. This study has also indicated that from the total of 20 discharged dead, 90% (n=18)) were came from a distance of >100km far from the hospital and 95% (n=19) were those who didn’t attend antenatal care. Conclusions: the higher rate of uterine rupture was seen in those who were multi Para, far from Hospitals and those who have no ANC follow up. Large scale study for the identification of determinant factors for evidence based intervention will be very important.
Role of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology: Current Trends and Perspectives
Authors: Deng Jielin , Jiang Hong 
Published: September 2020

:
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) comprise a large family of ligand-gated ion
channels that have a broad distribution in neurons and non-neuronal cells throughout the body. Native
nAChRs, activated by acetylcholine (ACh) endogenously, are involved in a variety of physiological
and pathophysiological processes. They regulate processes necessary for network operations
through neurotransmitter release, cell excitability and neuronal integration.

:
Emerging evidence suggests that nAChRs are capable of regulating cardiovascular (CV) functions
in a cell type-specific manner, through the nervous system and non-neuronal tissues. The aim of
this review is to describe the most recent findings regarding the role of nAChRs inside and outside
the nervous system in the regulation of CV activities.
Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Scaffold Delivers Salvianolic Acid B to Promote Bone Regeneration in a Rat Cranial Defect Model
Authors: Wu Lin , Wei Zhanying , He Siyu , Bi Yunlong , Cao Yang , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Mesoporous Bioactive Glass (MBG) has been widely studied because of
its excellent histocompatibility and degradability. However, due to the lack of good osteoinductive
activity, the pure MBG scaffold is not effective in repairing large-scale bone defects.

Objective:
To observe the repair effect of MBG scaffolds delivering salvianolic acid B (SB) on critical bone defects in rats.

Method:
In this study, MBG scaffolds were used as delivery vehicle. SB, a small molecular active
drug with good osteogenic differentiation ability, was loaded into the MBG scaffolds at low, medium
and high doses. The effect of SB released from the MBG scaffolds on osteogenic differentiation
of rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (rBMSCs) was investigated using alkaline phosphatase
staining, alizarin red staining and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Moreover,
8 weeks after implantation of the scaffolds, the bone regeneration was evaluated by micro-
CT, sequential fluorescence labeling and histological staining analysis.

Results:
The in vitro results showed that different doses of SB had similar release rate from scaffolds and could be released
from scaffolds continuously. The middle dose (MBG/MSB) and high dose (MBG/HSB) groups significantly promoted the
osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs when compared with low dose (MBG/LSB) group. Moreover, SB produced significant increases in newly formed bone of calvarial bone defects in rats.

Conclusion:
It is concluded that the use of MBG scffolds delivering SB is an effective strategy for
the treatment of bone defects.
Study on the Slow-Release Mometasone Furoate Injection of PLGA for the Treatment of Knee Arthritis
Authors: Liang Yutong , Zhang Jiaojiao , Zhao Xinghua , Wang Ming , Ding Shi , Wang Yang , Chen Ye , Liu Ju 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to develop a new PLGA based formulation for microspheres,
which aims to release mometasone furoate for one month, so as to improve compliance.

Methods:
The microspheres containing mometasone furoate were prepared by oil in water emulsion
and solvent evaporation. The microspheres were characterized by surface morphology, shape,
size and encapsulation efficiency. The release in vitro was studied in 37°C phosphate buffer, and in
vivo, pharmacodynamics and preliminary safety evaluation were conducted in male Sprague Dawley
rats.

Results:
The morphology results showed that the microspheres have a smooth surface, spherical
shape and an average diameter of 2.320-5.679μm. The encapsulation efficiency of the microspheres
loaded with mometasone furoate was in the range of 53.1% to 95.2%, and the encapsulation
efficiency of the microspheres could be greatly affected by the proportion of oil phase to the
water phase and other formulation parameters. In vitro release kinetics revealed that drug release
from microspheres was through non-Fick's diffusion and PLGA polymer erosion. Pharmacokinetic
data showed that the initial release of microspheres was small and then sustained. The results of the
pharmacodynamics study fully proved the long-term effectiveness of mometasone furoate microspheres.
The results of in vivo safety evaluation showed that the preparation system possessed good
in vivo safety.

Conclusion:
This study shows that the microspheres prepared in this study have sufficient ability
to stable drug release at least for 35 days, with good efficacy and high safety. In addition, mometasone
furoate can be used as a potential candidate drug for 35 days long-term injection.
Energy Provisioning and Inflammasome Activation: The Pivotal Role of AMPK in Sterile Inflammation and Associated Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Shrungeswara Akhila H. , Unnikrishnan Mazhuvancherry K. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Body defenses and metabolic processes probably co-evolved in such a way that rapid, energyintensive acute inflammatory repair is functionally integrated with energy allocation in a starvation/ infection / injury-prone
primitive environment. Disruptive metabolic surplus, aggravated by sedentary lifestyle, induces chronic under-activation of
AMPK, the master regulator of intracellular energy homeostasis. Sudden increase in chronic, dysregulated ‘sterile’ inflammatory disorders probably results from a shift towards calorie rich, sanitized, cushioned, injury/ infection free environment,
repositioning inflammatory repair pathways towards chronic, non-microbial, ‘sterile’, ‘low grade’, ‘parainflammation’.
AMPK, (at the helm of energy provisioning) supervises the metabolic regulation of inflammasome activation, a common
denominator in lifestyle disorders.

Discussion:
In this review we discuss various pathways linking AMPK under-activation and inflammasome activation.
AMPK under-activation, the possible norm in energy-rich sedentary lifestyle, could be the central agency that stimulates inflammasome activation by multiple pathways such as: [1] decreasing autophagy, and accumulation of intracellular DAMPs,
(particulate crystalline molecules, advanced glycation end-products, oxidized lipids etc.) [2] stimulating a glycolytic shift
(pro-inflammatory) in metabolism, [3] promoting NF-kB activation and decreasing Nrf2 activation, [4] increasing reactive
oxygen species (ROS) formation, unfolded protein response( UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Conclusion:
The ‘inverse energy crisis’, associated with calorie-rich, sedentary lifestyle, advocates dietary and pharmacological interventions for treating chronic metabolic disorders by overcoming / reversing AMPK under-activation.
Role of Thyroid Hormone and Oxidant Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Khan Mobidullah , Mukherjee Suchismita , Bank Sarbashri , Maiti Smarajit 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Cardiovascular-diseases (CVD) are caused by different metabolic-anomalies
related to hypertension/sedentary lifestyle/drug-addiction/dyslipidemia and diabetes. The scanty
report suggests that metabolic-rate regulating thyroid hormones are linked to CVD.

Methods:
A total of 59 individuals (male, >45 yrs) were involved in this study. Blood-samples
from diagnosed cardiac-patients troponin (N=13, trop-T+), individuals with high-risk (N=15) (high
glucose/cholesterol/triglycerides), and with age-matched controls (N=31) were tested for the evaluation
of lipid-profiles/thyroid-hormones; Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone
(T3/T4/TSH), blood-glucose/oxidative-stress indicators like malondialdehyde(MDA)/
non-protein-soluble-thiol(NPSH) and metabolic inflammatory-marker; human C-reactive protein
hsCRP by biochemical-methods/ELISA.

Result:
Correlation-data suggest that in normal conditions, there is no significant correlation between
thyroid-hormones and other parameters. On the contrary, blood-glucose/triglyceride/uric-acid/
proteins are correlated in cardiac and high-risk patients, suggesting hypermetabolic conversion
of nutrients by biochemical connectors like the TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis pathways. Further,
the hypermetabolic-state is favored by the rise in the thyroid hormones level. In the high-glucose
group, there is a significant correlation between metabolic-parameter and oxidative-stress indices
like uric-acid/NPSH/MDA. T3 and T4 have also been linked to the serum-protein. But in the trop
t+ group, all thyroid hormones have been significantly associated with blood cholesterol/triglyceride
and glucose, suggesting the increasing involvement of thyroid-hormone in risk-factors and
disease groups. The hsCRP level was ~100% and ~5-fold higher in high cholesterol and trop t+
groups, respectively. T3 was also ~70%, ~4.5-fold, and ~3.5-fold higher in high-glucose/high-cholesterol/
trop-t+ groups, respectively. This suggests that T3/TSH is linked to pathogenesis and
severity.

Conclusion:
Dyslipidemia, oxidant-stress in association with T3, augments cardiac-pathogenesis.
Profile and management of patients with low back pain complaints in a Brazilian Emergency Department: a cross-sectional retrospective study
Authors: Borges Larissa Faria , Cisneros Ligia Loiola , Silva Danielle Aquino , Borges Dario Amabile , Ferreira Manuela , Ferreira Paulo Henrique 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To describe the demographic profile and the management of patients with low back pain (LBP) complaints presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) of a Brazilian public hospital. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of patients with LBP triaged at the studied ED through the Manchester Triage System along a year. Data were extracted from electronic medical records. LBP presentations were classified as non-traumatic, traumatic, and non-spinal related pain according to the signs and symptoms reported. Data included patients’ demographic profile, pain severity and management (e.g., imaging exams, medication prescription and hospitalization). Results: Data from 2016 patients was analyzed. Most were middle-aged adults (mean age = 40.5years, SD 15.7), female (n = 1043, 51.7%) and presented moderate pain intensity (score range 4 to 7 on the Visual Analogue Scale, n=1,471; 74.1%). Non-traumatic pain (n = 1,016; 50.4%) was the main cause of care-seeking. A total of 36.9% (n = 743) underwent imaging exams and 42.2% (n = 850) received medication. Patients with non-spinal related pain were three times more likely to receive opioid medication (OR = 2.96; 95%CI 2.30 to 3.79). Conclusion: Non-traumatic LBP (i.e., no history of trauma or red flags) was the main cause of LBP care-seeking in a Brazilian ED. Most patients were treated conservatively and without hospitalization. Opioids prescription and imaging exams, although performed on a smaller scale, were still used for of the management of this type of LBP.
Efecto del ozono y tiempo de almacenamiento sobre las características fisicoquímicas de espárrago verde (Asparagus officinalis L.) mínimamente procesado
Authors: Pretell-Vásquez Carla , Márquez-Villacorta Luis , Siche Raúl , Hayayumi-Valdivia María 
Published: September 2020

A nivel mundial, Perú es uno de los principales productores de espárrago verde (Asparagus officinalis L.); este es un vegetal altamente perecible debido a su elevada velocidad de respiración y metabolismo, por lo que es muy importante conservar las características de calidad en los turiones, motivo por el cual se evaluó el efecto del ozono gaseoso (0 a 10 ppm) y tiempo de almacenamiento (0 a 30 días) sobre la pérdida de peso, luminosidad, firmeza, contenido de clorofila y contenido de lignina. Se utilizó la metodología de superficie de respuesta, aplicando un diseño compuesto central rotable. Los resultados indicaron que existió influencia significativa de las variables independientes sobre las características fisicoquímicas estudiadas, así como una adecuada bondad de ajuste del modelo de regresión cuadrático. Mediante la técnica de superposición de contornos se determinó que las condiciones óptimas para la mayor retención de firmeza (11,42 N), contenido de clorofila (12,33 mg/100 g) y contenido de lignina (7 mg/100 g) correspondieron a 6,98 ppm de ozono gaseoso hasta los 30 días de almacenamiento, con adecuadas características de calidad en los turiones.
Potential Early Identification of a Large Campylobacter Outbreak Using Alternative Surveillance Data Sources: Autoregressive Modelling and Spatiotemporal Clustering
Authors: Adnan Mehnaz , Gao Xiaoying , Bai Xiaohan , Newbern Elizabeth , Sherwood Jill , Jones Nicholas , Baker Michael , Wood Tim , Gao Wei 
Published: September 2020

Background
Over one-third of the population of Havelock North, New Zealand, approximately 5500 people, were estimated to have been affected by campylobacteriosis in a large waterborne outbreak. Cases reported through the notifiable disease surveillance system (notified case reports) are inevitably delayed by several days, resulting in slowed outbreak recognition and delayed control measures. Early outbreak detection and magnitude prediction are critical to outbreak control. It is therefore important to consider alternative surveillance data sources and evaluate their potential for recognizing outbreaks at the earliest possible time.

Objective
The first objective of this study is to compare and validate the selection of alternative data sources (general practice consultations, consumer helpline, Google Trends, Twitter microblogs, and school absenteeism) for their temporal predictive strength for Campylobacter cases during the Havelock North outbreak. The second objective is to examine spatiotemporal clustering of data from alternative sources to assess the size and geographic extent of the outbreak and to support efforts to attribute its source.

Methods
We combined measures derived from alternative data sources during the 2016 Havelock North campylobacteriosis outbreak with notified case report counts to predict suspected daily Campylobacter case counts up to 5 days before cases reported in the disease surveillance system. Spatiotemporal clustering of the data was analyzed using Local Moran’s I statistics to investigate the extent of the outbreak in both space and time within the affected area.

Results
Models that combined consumer helpline data with autoregressive notified case counts had the best out-of-sample predictive accuracy for 1 and 2 days ahead of notified case reports. Models using Google Trends and Twitter typically performed the best 3 and 4 days before case notifications. Spatiotemporal clusters showed spikes in school absenteeism and consumer helpline inquiries that preceded the notified cases in the city primarily affected by the outbreak.

Conclusions
Alternative data sources can provide earlier indications of a large gastroenteritis outbreak compared with conventional case notifications. Spatiotemporal analysis can assist in refining the geographical focus of an outbreak and can potentially support public health source attribution efforts. Further work is required to assess the location of such surveillance data sources and methods in routine public health practice.
Adherence of HIV Self-Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yan Xiangyu , Su Hexuan , Zhang Bo , Li Yongjie , Zhang Lingling , Jia Zhongwei 
Published: September 2020

Background
The World Health Organization recommended HIV self-testing (HIVST) for individuals practicing unsafe sexual behaviors; however, the adherence to HIV testing has not been reported.

Objective
In this study, we attempted to determine the adherence to HIVST among men who have sex with men (MSM), as well as the impact factors and potential effects of their adherence.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal study among MSM in Harbin, Heilongjiang province, China from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018. A mobile app system was used to provide the “Mailing rapid test reagent kit” for the HIVST service. The proportion of those who adhered to HIV testing every 3 months was calculated. Logistic regression was used to explore the impact factors related to adherence to HIVST. Rates of HIV infection between MSM who adhered to HIVST and those who did not were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression. Changes of condom use behaviors between the two groups were also compared using the chi-square test.

Results
A total of 1315 MSM who received the HIVST service through the app were included in the study. Overall, 10% of the MSM adhered to HIVST, and the proportion of adhering tests was only 34.9%. Adherence of HIVST was associated with marital status (adjusted odds ratio [OR]unmarried vs married 2.31, 95% CI 1.13-4.71) and the number of HIV tests they received (adjusted OR3 times vs 2 times or below 3.36, 95% CI 2.01-5.63; adjusted OR4 times or above vs 2 times or below 7.30, 95% CI 4.67-11.42). Twenty HIV seroconversions were observed during 1-year follow up. The rate of HIV infection in the adherence group (17.10 per 100 person years, 95% CI 8.80-30.84) was significantly higher than that in the nonadherence group (4.80 per 100 person years, 95% CI 2.77-7.88; adjusted hazard ratio 3.33, 95% CI 1.35-8.20). Those who adhered to HIV testing were more likely to improve condom use behaviors, although the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Regular HIV testing is necessary for early detection of HIV infection among MSM. Given the poor adherence, a new internet-based management paradigm for MSM is needed to raise their health awareness to optimize the implementation of HIVST.
BANK CREDIT AND FORESTRY OUTPUT : DO BANKING DEREGULATION AND ECONOMIC CRISIS MATTER?
Authors: Ssenyonga Muyanja 
Published: September 2020

The article investigates the effect bank credit extended to the forestry sub-sector to the sub sector's output, and wether banking deregulation and the economic crisis have any impact on such a relationship. research findings shows hat bank credit is found to have positive influence on forestry output. bank credit to the forestry sub-sector, paradoxically continues to rise in the wake of the economic crisis,before it plumments. there is also evidence of an augmenting effect of banking deregulation on forestry output, proof that deregulation indeed works. the economic crisis however, is found to have led to a tumultuos decline in output as expected. policy implications were drawn basing on research findings.