bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical Bayesian approach for estimating fleet- and vessel-level bycatch rates in fisheries with effort heterogeneity and limited data: a prospective tool for measuring bycatch mitigation performance
Authors: Parsa Mahdi , Emery Timothy J , Williams Ashley J , Nicol Simon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Minimizing fishing-induced mortality on bycatch and endangered, threatened or protected species is a necessity for fisheries managers. Estimating individual vessel bycatch rates by dividing the amount of bycatch by effort (nominal rate) can be biased, as it does not consider effort heterogeneity within the fleet and ignores prior knowledge of fleet bycatch rates. We develop an empirical Bayesian approach for estimating individual vessel and fleet bycatch rates that: (i) considers effort heterogeneity among vessels and; (ii) pools data from similar vessels for more accurate estimation. The proposed standardized bycatch rate of a vessel is, therefore, the weighted average of the pool rate and nominal rate of the vessel; where the weights are functions of the vessel’s fishing effort and a constant estimated from the model. We apply this inference method to the estimation of seabird bycatch rates in the component of the Australian Eastern Tuna and Billfish Fishery targeting yellowfin tuna. We illustrate the capability of the method for providing fishery managers with insights on fleet-wide bycatch mitigation performance and the identification of outperforming and underperforming vessels. This method can also be used by fishery managers to develop fleet-wide performance measures or quantitative evaluation standards.
Space still matters: Toward even more pluralism in public law: Afterword to the Foreword by Ran Hirschl and Ayelet Shachar
Authors: Neo Jaclyn L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This Afterword considers Hirschl and Shachar’s Foreword on spatial statism by situating the discussion within existing debates on postcolonial legacies and constitutional pluralism. It argues that surfacing the critical links between space and state power provides fresh perspectives to analyzing the consolidation of power in a colonial and postcolonial state and gives further insight into claims by indigenous groups and other groups for spatial autonomy within more pluralistic arrangements. Finally, this Afterword examines how challenging the state’s spatial monopoly has important and essential implications for the politics and laws of belonging.
Surgical management of a giant left distal pulmonary artery aneurysm caused by Behcet’s disease
Authors: Li Xiaobing , Fan Xian , Shen Li , Zhang Rufang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Pulmonary artery (PA) aneurysm is a very rare complication of Behcet’s disease. We report on a 14-year-old boy with a giant left distal PA aneurysm caused by Behcet’s disease. A left thoracotomy was first performed to separate the aneurysm, but it was interrupted due to continuous and massive tracheorrhagia. We immediately converted to a median sternotomy and established cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The patient’s condition was stable; aneurysmectomy and left-down lobectomy were successfully performed. Results of the 2-year follow-up were favourable. Based on our experience, we recommend selecting CPB when performing surgery on patients with PAA, especially those with Behcet’s disease.
PD-1+ Tim3+ tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells sustain the potential for IFN-γ production, but lose cytotoxic activity in ovarian cancer
Authors: Sawada Masaaki , Goto Kumiko , Morimoto-Okazawa Akiko , Haruna Miya , Yamamoto Kei , Yamamoto Yoko , Nakagawa Satoshi , Hiramatsu Kosuke , Matsuzaki Shinya , Kobayashi Eiji , Kawashima Atsunari , Hirata Michinari , Iwahori Kota , Kimura Toshihiro , Ueda Yutaka , Kimura Tadashi , Wada Hisashi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Persistent exposure to tumor antigens results in exhausted tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) that express the immune checkpoint molecules, PD-1 and Tim3, and lack anti-tumor immunity. To examine the exhausted status of TILs in ovarian cancer, the potential for cytokine production, proliferation and cytotoxicity by purified PD-1+ Tim3+ CD8 TILs was assessed. The production of IFN-γ and TNF-α by PD-1+ Tim3+ CD8 TILs remained the same in an intracellular cytokine staining assay and was higher in a cytokine catch assay than that by PD-1− Tim3− and PD-1+ Tim3− CD8 TILs. %Ki67+ was higher in PD-1+ Tim3+ CD8 TILs than in PD-1− Tim3− CD8 TILs. However, patients with high PD-1+ Tim3+ CD8 TILs had a poor prognosis. The potential for cytotoxicity was then examined. %Perforin+ and %granzyme B+ were lower in PD-1+ Tim3+ CD8 TILs than in PD-1− Tim3− and PD-1+ Tim3− CD8 TILs. To observe the potential for direct cytotoxicity by T cells, a target cell line expressing membrane-bound anti-CD3scFv was newly established and a cytotoxic assay targeting these cells was performed. The cytotoxicity of PD-1+ Tim3+ CD8 TILs was significantly lower than that of PD-1− Tim3− and PD-1+ Tim3− CD8 TILs. Even though PD-1+ Tim3+ CD8 TILs in ovarian cancer showed a sustained potential for cytokine production and proliferation, cytotoxicity was markedly impaired, which may contribute to the poor prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. Among the impaired functions of exhausted TILs, cytotoxicity may be an essential target for cancer immunotherapy.
In vitro activity of the novel β-lactamase inhibitor taniborbactam (VNRX-5133), in combination with cefepime or meropenem, against MDR Gram-negative bacterial isolates from China
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Zhao Chunjiang , Wang Qi , Wang Zhanwei , Liang Xinyue , Zhang Feifei , Zhang Yawei , Meng Han , Chen Hongbin , Li Shuguang , Zhou Chengcheng , Li Henan , Wang Hui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate in vitro activity of the novel β-lactamase boronate inhibitor taniborbactam (VNRX-5133) combined with cefepime or meropenem against 500 urinary Gram-negative bacilli.

Methods
Cefepime/taniborbactam and 14 comparators were tested by broth microdilution or agar dilution methods. A total of 450 Enterobacteriaceae and 50 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected from 2017 to 2019 based on different β-lactamase-producing or resistance phenotypes. For carbapenem-non-susceptible isolates, the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), EDTA-CIM (eCIM) and amplification of carbapenemase genes were performed. For NDM-producing isolates and those with cefepime/taniborbactam MICs &gt;8 mg/L, the MICs of meropenem/taniborbactam and/or mutations in PBP3 were investigated.

Results
Taniborbactam improved cefepime activity with the same efficiency as avibactam improved ceftazidime activity against 66 KPC-2 producers, 30 non-carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae and 28 meropenem-susceptible P. aeruginosa. However, cefepime/taniborbactam exhibited more potent activity than ceftazidime/avibactam against 56 ESBL-producing, 61 AmpC-producing, 32 ESBL and AmpC co-producing, 87 NDM-producing and 21 MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae predicted by phenotypic mCIM and eCIM, 82 Enterobacteriaceae that were susceptible to all tested β-lactams and 22 carbapenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa. A four-amino acid ‘INYR’ or ‘YRIN’ insertion, with or without a one/two-amino acid mutation in PBP3, may have caused cefepime/taniborbactam MICs &gt;8 mg/L among 96.6% (28/29) of the NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli, which accounted for the majority of isolates with cefepime/taniborbactam MICs &gt;8 mg/L (76.1%, 35/46).

Conclusions
Taniborbactam’s superior breadth of activity, when paired with cefepime or meropenem, suggests these β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations could be promising candidates for treating urinary tract infections caused by ESBL and/or AmpC, KPC or NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae or P. aeruginosa.
Effect of anti-inflammatory compounds or antibiotic administration on receiving performance and physiological responses of transported heifers
Authors: Wu Xin , Cao Na , Zhou Zhenming , Beck Paul A , Wu Hao , Meng Qingxiang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of products with anti-inflammatory properties (yeast product [YEA; 20 g/heifer daily] or astragalus polysaccharide [APS; 20 g/heifer daily]) or an antibiotic (TUL, tulathromycin; 0.025 mL/kg body weight [BW]) on receiving performance and stress responses of transported heifers. Angus heifers (n = 80) were ranked by BW (315 ± 6 kg) and assigned to one of four treatments (five pens per treatment, four heifers per pen) 7 d before shipping 1,400 km (day −7): 1) fed a basal diet of ad libitum hay and concentrate supplement (CON) from day −7 to day 29; 2) YEA in supplemental concentrate from day −7 to day 7 (YEA); 3) APS in supplemental concentrate from day −7 to day 7 (APS); 4) administration of TUL at loading for shipping (day 0; TUL). Upon arrival at the receiving facility (day 1), heifers within each treatment were ranked by BW and assigned to 20 feedlot pens in the same manner as pre-transport. Daily dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded from day 1 to day 28. Full BW was recorded on days −7, −1, 0, 1, 28, and 29. Blood samples were collected on days −7, −1, 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28. Over the receiving period, average daily gain (ADG) and gain: feed did not differ (P ≥ 0.19) for YEA, APS, and TUL, which were greater (P ≤ 0.01) than CON. Average daily gain was also lower (P &lt; 0.01) for CON vs. YEA, APS, and TUL from day −7 to day 28. During the first week of receiving, hay, concentrate, and total DMI were lower (P &lt; 0.01) in CON than the YEA, APS, and TUL, but did not differ (P ≥ 0.13) among these three groups. Hay and total DMI were still lower (P &lt; 0.01) in CON vs. TUL in the second week. Total DMI was greater (P = 0.01) for TUL vs. YEA, and greater (P &lt; 0.01) for YEA vs. CON. Serum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for CON and TUL vs. YEA and APS on day 1. Plasma cortisol concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for YEA and CON vs. APS and TUL on day 1. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for APS vs. CON, YEA, and TUL on days 1 and 4. Plasma haptoglobin concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for CON vs. YEA, APS, and TUL on days 1 and 4, greater (P ≤ 0.05) for YEA, APS vs. TUL on day 1, and greater (P = 0.03) for YEA vs. TUL on day 4. Plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for CON vs. YEA, APS and TUL vs. APS on days 1, 4, and 7. In conclusion, YEA, APS, and TUL modulated the physiological stress responses and alleviated the performance losses caused by long-distance transportation.
Isoform-dependent subcellular localization of LMTK1A and LMTK1B and their roles in axon outgrowth and spine formation
Authors: Wei Ran , Sugiyama Arika , Sato Yuta , Nozumi Motohiro , Nishino Hironori , Takahashi Miyuki , Saito Taro , Ando Kanae , Fukuda Mitsunori , Tomomura Mineko , Igarashi Michihiro , Hisanaga Shin-ichi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Lemur kinase 1 (LMTK1) is a membrane-bound Ser/Thr kinase that is expressed in neurons. There are two splicing variants of LMTK1 with different membrane binding modes, viz., cytosolic LMTK1A that binds to membranes through palmitoylation at the N-terminal cysteines and LMTK1B, an integral membrane protein with transmembrane sequences. We recently reported that LMTK1A regulates axon outgrowth and spine formation in neurons. However, data about LMTK1B are scarce. We analysed the expression and cellular localization of LMTK1B along with its role in axon and spine formation. We found that both LMTK1B and LMTK1A were expressed equally in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of the mouse brain. Similar to LMTK1A, the wild type of LMTK1B was localized to Rab11-positive pericentrosomal compartment. The kinase negative (kn) mutant of LMTK1B was found to be associated with an increase in the tubular form of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which was not the case with LMTK1A kn. Furthermore, unlike LMTK1A kn, LMTK1B kn did not stimulate the axon outgrowth and spine formation. These results suggest that while LMTK1A and LMTK1B share a common function in recycling endosomal trafficking at the pericentrosomal compartment, LMTK1B has an additional unique function in vesicle transport in the ER region.
Tenonplasty Combined With Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for Patients With Severe Ocular Burns Induced Anterior Segment Necrosis
Authors: Peng Wen-yan , He Li-wen , Zeng Peng , Chen Dong-cui , Zhou Shi-you 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article describes a novel surgical technique for successful repair of intractable corneoscleral necrosis caused by severe ocular burns. In this prospective case series, 19 eyes of 15 consecutive patients with sectional scleral necrosis and persistent corneal epithelial defects were treated with tenonplasty and amniotic membrane transplantation. The main outcome measure was the stability of the ocular surface after reepithelialization and repair of defects. All patients underwent successful combined surgery involving tenonplasty and amniotic membrane transplantation, in which the conjunctival and corneal surfaces were reconstructed. The interval from injury to surgery was 37.4 ± 24.5 days (3–91 days), and the ocular surfaces became stabilized in 82.2 ± 35.4 days (26–156 days, median 87 days). At the final visit, all cases presented with corneal opacity and neovascularization to various degrees. The best-corrected visual acuity decreased from 2.83 ± 1.02 LogMAR preoperatively to 2.87 ± 1.31 LogMAR postoperatively. The results imply that tenonplasty combined with amniotic membrane transplantation could provide vascular supply to the ischemic sclera, repair defects in the conjunctiva, and promote corneal reepithelialization, thus facilitating ocular surface stabilization after burns.
The Effects of Recombinant Human Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Gel on Third-Degree Frostbite Wounds in Northeastern China: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Xiu-Hang , Cui Chang-Lei , Zhu Hao-Yue , Wang Jian , Xue Yan , Zhang Nan , Sun Zhan-Ao , Gao Xin-Xin , Zhou Xin , Yu Jia-Ao , Chen Xin-Xin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the rhGM-CSF gel on third-degree frostbite wounds. Sixty-two patients who had suffered third-degree frostbite on their hand or foot (91 wounds in total) were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly allocated to two groups: the rhGM-CSF group(31patients,45 frostbite wounds) received the rhGM-CSF gel when wound dressing change daily; however, the control group (31patients, 46 frostbite wounds) received aloe glue. The wound healing time, the score of inflammation about the wound and the positive bacterial culture of wound secretions were used to measure outcomes, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS (25.0), Student’s t test or Mann–Whitney U test and chi-square test or Fisher exact test were selected, as appropriate. The healing time of the rhGM-CSF group was (12.2 ± 5.0) days, which was significantly shorter than that of the control group (15.5 ± 4.7) days (P &lt; .0001). The rhGM-CSF group’s wound inflammation scores on the 7th and 14th day of treatment were (0.96 ± 0.21) and (1.88 ± 0.29), respectively, which were better than those of the control group (1.12 ± 0.24) and (1.38 ± 0.15) (both P &lt; .0001). The positive bacterial culture of wound secretions in the rhGM-CSF group was also better than that in the control group on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after treatment (P = .027, .004, .030, respectively). According to the results, using rhGM-CSF gel considerably increases the speed of frostbite wounds healing, and have an effect on protecting third-degree frostbite wounds regarding the positive effects.
Trial Registration: This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR1900021299.
Efficacy and Safety of High Vs Standard Daptomycin Doses Examined in Chinese Patients With Severe Burn Injuries by Pharmacokinetic Evaluation
Authors: Huang Yingzi , Lv Guozhong , Hu Linlin , Wu Yunfu , Guo Nan , Zhu Yugang , Ding Lingtao , Li Qing , Liu Songqiao , Yang Yi , Shao Hua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Previous studies and the concentration-dependent antibacterial actions of daptomycin suggested that a high dose would be needed for difficult-to-treat infections in burn patients. Here, we evaluated the effects of administration of low and high doses of daptomycin in patients with severe burn injuries. The study retrospectively analyzed 10 patients with severe burn injuries, using pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) evaluations of daptomycin doses given to combat serious infections. Daptomycin was administered as a single dose or by multiple doses intravenously at a standard dose of 6 mg/kg/d or a high dose of 12 mg/kg/d for 7 to 14 days. The serum concentrations of daptomycin from patients were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Burn injury patients treated with high-dose daptomycin had a linear PK profile and a negative correlation between the AUC0–24 and Baux score (R2 = .953 and R2 = .801). The Cmax, AUC0–24, and t(h)½ increased significantly compared with patients given a standard dose. The efficacy of daptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus showed significantly higher rates of (AUC0–24)/MIC and Cmax/MIC after high-dose daptomycin compared with the standard dose, reflected in a significant correlation between a high dose and the Baux score (r = .976, P &lt; .001). Positive S. aureus cultures from two of three high-dose and none of two daptomycin low-dose patients converted from positive to negative after therapy. No serious adverse events or discontinuation of the drug occurred during the treatment period. Daptomycin doses up to 12 mg/kg/d were well tolerated in Chinese patients with severe burn injuries, which were complicated by infections with S. aureus.
External Fixation During the Acute Phase of Deep Burned Hands: Description of Saint Louis’ Burn Center Technique
Authors: Serror Kevin , Chaouat Marc , Chatelain Sarah , Dutot Marie Charlotte , Haddad Jonathan , Roncier Sandrine , Romano Golda , Boccara David , Mimoun Maurice 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRestoration of a good hand function and limitation of the sequelae are the main concerns in burns treatment. The intrinsic plus position is known as the safe position for hand splinting. This article aims at describing the technique of external fixation that have been developed in Saint Louis’ Burn Center in management of burned hands during the acute phase. Since 2013, a technique of external fixation has been developed in our burn center using Hoffmann II External Fixation System from Stryker® and pins from Medicalex®. External fixation of a deep burned hand is an efficient and safe way to immobilize the hand in a correct intrinsic plus position, to secure the skin grafts to improve graft take and to permit changes of the dressings without removing the immobilization device.
3D printing CFD simulation results using structural mechanics☆
Authors: Takeda Hiroki , Ohtake Yutaka , Suzuki Hiromasa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Good visualizations of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are key to making the best use of them. In many cases, CFD results involve multidimensional data embedded in 3D, and it can be difficult to recognize such complicated 3D shapes when they are projected onto 2D displays. A promising alternative approach uses a 3D printer to build real objects representing the CFD results. In this paper, we present a method of 3D printing the isosurfaces of CFD results to visualize them. However, there is a problem that the isosurfaces are not connected. Therefore, to prevent the structure from breaking up, we must find a way to connect them, and we achieve this by using beams to generate a support structure. We take a structural mechanics approach, using an algorithm to optimize the support structure such that the printed object does not break under gravity, enabling us to hold it safely for observation.
The impacts of refugee repatriation on receiving communities
Authors: Ruiz Isabel , Vargas-Silva Carlos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUsing longitudinal data from Burundi, we explore the consequences of refugee repatriation for stayee households in a context in which returnees faced restrictions on economic activities and mobility while abroad. We use geographical features of the receiving communities, including altitude and distance to the border, for identification. We find that a 1 percentage point increase in the local share of the population accounted for by returnees leads to a reduction in the livestock of stayee households which is equivalent to 1 fowl per adult member or a 5% with respect to the mean. A higher share of returnees in a community also leads to less land access, lower subjective well-being and higher food insecurity for stayees. The negative effects on subjective well-being and food security disappear over the rounds of the survey (5 years), likely as a consequence of stayee households adjusting their economic activities in response to the presence of returnees.
When Governments Promise to Prioritize Public Debt: Do Markets Care?
Authors: Gulati Mitu , Panizza Ugo , Weidemaier W Mark C , Willingham Gracie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
During the European sovereign debt crisis of 2011–13, some nations faced with rising borrowing costs adopted commitments to treat bondholders as priority claimants. That is, if there were a shortage of funds, bondholders would be paid first. In this article, we analyse the prevalence and variety of these types of commitments and ask whether they impact borrowing costs. We examine a reform that was widely touted at the height of the Euro sovereign debt crisis in 2011, in which Spain enshrined in its constitution a strong commitment to give absolute priority to public debt claimants. We find no evidence that this reform had any impact on Spanish sovereign bond yields. By contrast, our examination of the US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico suggests that constitutional priority promises can have an impact, at least where the borrower government is subject to supervening law and legal institutions.
Just the Basic Facts: The Certification of Insanity in the Era of the Form K
Authors: Sposini Filippo Maria 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the certification of insanity through a standardized template called Form K which was used in Ontario between 1873 and 1883. My main thesis is that the introduction of the Form K had profound and long-lasting effects on the determination of insanity. In particular, it created a unique case in the history of certification, it grounded civil confinement on a strategy of consensus, and it informed mental health documentation for more than a century. As the result of a transnational mediation from Victorian England, the Form K prescribed an examination setting which involved a high number of participants, including three physicians and several witnesses. By comparing this case with other jurisdictions of the time, this paper shows how Ontario became a distinctive case worldwide. In order to get a closer look at this medico-legal procedure, I consider the archival records of the Toronto asylum and conclude that the certification of insanity relied on a strategy of consensus. While the Form K proved quite successful in preventing legal actions, it produced financial, logistic, and bureaucratic issues. The Form K was thus discontinued after a decade, yet its structure influenced Ontario’s mental health documentation throughout the twentieth century. This paper shows the relevance of the certification of insanity for transnational history and for understanding contemporary issues of involuntary confinement and stigma in mental health.