bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cobalt−NHC Catalyzed C(sp2)−C(sp3) and C(sp2)−C(sp2) Kumada Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Tosylates with Alkyl and Aryl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Piontek Aleksandra , Ochędzan‐Siodłak Wioletta , Bisz Elwira , Szostak Michal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe first cobalt‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl tosylates with alkyl and aryl Grignard reagents is reported. The catalytic system uses CoF3 and NHCs (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) as ancillary ligands. The reaction proceeds via highly selective C−O bond functionalization, leading to the corresponding products in up to 98 % yield. The employment of alkyl Grignard reagents allows to achieve a rare C(sp2)−C(sp3) cross‐coupling of C−O electrophiles, circumventing isomerization and β‐hydride elimination problems. The use of aryl Grignards leads to the formation of biaryls. The C−O cross‐coupling sets the stage for a sequential cross‐coupling by exploiting the orthogonal selectivity of the catalytic system.
Comparison of the Generalized Species Transfer Model with a Two‐Field Approach for Interfacial Mass Transfer
Authors: Losher Tobias , Kleiner Thomas , Hill Simon , Sarajlic Nadin , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Klein Harald 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo different approaches can be applied to calculate the mass transfer in a two‐phase system using computational fluid dynamics and the volume‐of‐fluid method, single‐field and two‐field approaches. The used method affects the stability of the calculation as well as the accuracy of the result. Two volume‐of‐fluid‐based approaches, namely, the generalized continuous species transfer model, a single‐field approach, and a two‐field approach are compared. The models are implemented in the OpenFOAM® framework and validated in a 1D test case. Although both approaches show great agreement with the analytical solution for large time steps, numerical instabilities of the two‐field model are revealed with a reduced time step size, which leads to false results.
The Usanovich definition of acids and bases – A forgotten pioneer of the donor−acceptor principle
Authors: Reiners Christiane S. , Marniok Karl , Müller Stefan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEin nahezu in Vergessenheit geratenes Säure‐Base‐Konzept ist die Ende der 1930er‐Jahre, etwa zeitgleich mit dem ungleich bekannteren Lewis‐Konzept, publizierte Definition des sowjetischen Chemikers Michail Ussanowitsch. Sein sehr weit gefasstes Konzept zeigte die Parallelen zwischen Protonen‐ und Elektronenübertragungen bei einer Vielzahl chemischer Reaktionen auf, lange bevor der Begriff des Donator‐Akzeptor‐Prinzips eine prominente Rolle in der Chemiedidaktik erlangte. In diesem Artikel wird nicht nur das Ussanowitsch‐Konzept an sich und seine Verbreitung dargestellt, sondern auch eine Möglichkeit, dieses als historisches Fallbeispiel zur Vermittlung der „Natur der Naturwissenschaften“ (NOS) zu verwenden. Dazu werden auch Ergebnisse einer entsprechenden Studie mit Lehramtsstudierenden vorgestellt.
Outcomes of Black men with prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: McKay Rana R. , Sarkar Reith R. , Kumar Abhishek , Einck John P. , Garraway Isla P. , Lynch Julia A. , Mundt Arno J. , Murphy James D. , Stewart Tyler F. , Yamoah Kosj , Rose Brent S. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPopulation‐based studies demonstrate that Black men in the United States have an increased risk of death from prostate cancer. Determinants of racial disparities are multifactorial, including socioeconomic and biologic factors.MethodsThe authors conducted a pooled analysis of patients derived from 152 centers within the Veterans Health Administration. The cohort included men who had nonmetastatic prostate diagnosed between 2001 and 2015 and received definitive radiation therapy. The primary endpoint was prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM). Secondary endpoints included all‐cause mortality (ACM) and the time from a prostate‐specific antigen level ≥4 ng/mL to biopsy and radiation therapy. A Cox regression model was performed to adjust for differences between clinical parameters.ResultsAmong the 31,131 patients included in the cohort, 9584 (30.8%) were Black. The 10‐year cumulative incidence of death from prostate cancer was lower in Black men compared with White men (4.0% vs 4.8%; P = .004). In a competing risk model, Black race was associated with a decreased risk of PCSM (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69‐0.92; P = .002). Similarly, the 10‐year cumulative incidence of death from any cause was lower in Black men (27.6% vs 31.8%; P < .001). In multivariable analysis, Black men had a 10% decreased risk of ACM (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85‐0.95; P < .001).ConclusionsThe current results indicate relatively lower PCSM and ACM among Black men who were included in a large Veterans Health Administration cohort and received radiation therapy as primary treatment for nonmetastatic prostate cancer. There is an ongoing need to continue to understand and mitigate the factors associated with disparities in health care outcomes.
Patient and caregiver agreement on prognosis estimates for older adults with advanced cancer
Authors: Loh Kah Poh , Soto Pérez de Celis Enrique , Duberstein Paul R. , Culakova Eva , Epstein Ronald M. , Xu Huiwen , Kadambi Sindhuja , Flannery Marie , Magnuson Allison , McHugh Colin , Trevino Kelly M. , Tuch Gina , Ramsdale Erika , Yousefi‐Nooraie Reza , Sedenquist Margaret , Liu Jane Jijun , Melnyk Nataliya , Geer Jodi , Mohile Supriya G. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundDisagreements between patients and caregivers about treatment benefits, care decisions, and patients' health are associated with increased patient depression as well as increased caregiver anxiety, distress, depression, and burden. Understanding the factors associated with disagreement may inform interventions to improve the aforementioned outcomes.MethodsFor this analysis, baseline data were obtained from a cluster‐randomized geriatric assessment trial that recruited patients aged ≥70 years who had incurable cancer from community oncology practices (University of Rochester Cancer Center 13070; Supriya G. Mohile, principal investigator). Patient and caregiver dyads were asked to estimate the patient's prognosis. Response options were 0 to 6 months, 7 to 12 months, 1 to 2 years, 2 to 5 years, and >5 years. The dependent variable was categorized as exact agreement (reference), patient‐reported longer estimate, or caregiver‐reported longer estimate. The authors used generalized estimating equations with multinomial distribution to examine the factors associated with patient‐caregiver prognostic estimates. Independent variables were selected using the purposeful selection method.ResultsAmong 354 dyads (89% of screened patients were enrolled), 26% and 22% of patients and caregivers, respectively, reported a longer estimate. Compared with dyads that were in agreement, patients were more likely to report a longer estimate when they screened positive for polypharmacy (β = 0.81; P = .001), and caregivers reported greater distress (β = 0.12; P = .03). Compared with dyads that were in agreement, caregivers were more likely to report a longer estimate when patients screened positive for polypharmacy (β = 0.82; P = .005) and had lower perceived self‐efficacy in interacting with physicians (β = −0.10; P = .008).ConclusionsSeveral patient and caregiver factors were associated with patient‐caregiver disagreement about prognostic estimates. Future studies should examine the effects of prognostic disagreement on patient and caregiver outcomes.
Roadmap of moving urban colour toward cultural sustainability in China
Authors: Xu Zhengping , Zheng Xin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the gradual refinement of urban space in China, the aesthetic quality of the urban visual environment has been getting more attention. Urban colour, one of the visual aesthetic elements, is a significant carrier of urban characteristics, sociocultural and history in cultural policies. As a type of cultural capital, it provides creative methods to approach problems of economic, environmental, social, and especially cultural sustainability. The interdisciplinary theory of urban planning is innovatively applied to guide, coordinate, and advance the sustainable production of urban colour in China. The objectives of this study are to: (a) explain the way urban colour is produced through the urban planning system in Chinese context; (b) elaborate affecting factors related to urban colour sustainability from the perspective of planning strategies and cultural policies; (c) propose sustainable planning strategies of urban colour production. To answer the above questions, we reviewed over 200 articles, plans, and official documents, and conducted several semi‐structured interviews. The results show that the Chinese municipal government has regarded urban planning strategies and policies as a strategic tool for achieving sustainable urban colour development. Our discoveries would expend the research and application on the aesthetics of cities through the contextual analysis of Chinese urban colour planning system. By exploring the points of planning strategies and cultural policies, it also fills gaps in the literature on the sustainability of urban colour.
Across the Board: Pablo Domínguez de María on the Biocatalytic Synthesis of Esters and Amides in Aqueous Media
Authors: Domínguez de María Pablo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Dr. P. Domínguez de María, who introduces the biocatalytic synthesis of esters and amides in aqueous media by means of some acyltransferases that seem to proceed against Le Chatelier's principle. Continuous processes with immobilized forms of these enzymes enable the efficient production of aroma esters and important amides (e. g., melatonin) in aqueous solutions and using natural substrates with limited environmental impact.
Influence of size, sex, and reproductive status on the thermal biology of endemic Florida scrub lizards
Authors: Gainsbury Alison M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate change is impacting species globally, with many populations declining at an accelerated rate toward extinction. Ectothermic species are particularly vulnerable given their reproductive success is linked to environmental temperatures. Studies of the effect of temperature on reproductive success in oviparous squamates have focused mostly on nest temperatures, after eggs are deposited. However, in some species gravid females are known to thermoregulate differently than other adults to increase reproductive success. It is essential to understand what influences the thermal biology of breeding adults in a population to implement targeted conservation strategies. The Florida scrub lizard Sceloporus woodi is an endemic species listed as near‐threatened due to decreasing populations. This study is the first to document the thermal biology of these breeding adults in relation to size, sex, and reproductive status. A t test was used to determine whether sexual dimorphism was present in the sampled S. woodi. Full linear mixed‐effects models were used to test the influence of size, sex, and reproductive status on the thermal biology of S. woodi. Despite female‐biased sexual size dimorphism, there were no sex‐based differences in body temperature in the studied population. Interestingly, reproductive status influenced thermal biology of females during the breeding season, with gravid females maintaining lower body temperatures compared to nongravid females. However, gravid females did not regulate their body temperatures more precisely compared to nongravid females. These results indicate the population viability of this endemic species is potentially linked to the different thermoregulatory requirements of gravid females as compared to other adults. Lower body temperatures of gravid females, exacerbated by their lack of thermal precision, have disconcerting conservation implications in the face of climate warming. Future studies focusing on gravid females are warranted to attain effective biodiversity conservation strategies mitigating the impacts of climate warming.
Compounding effects of white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, and fire threaten four white pine species
Authors: Dudney Joan C. , Nesmith Jonathan C. B. , Cahill Matthew C. , Cribbs Jennifer E. , Duriscoe Dan M. , Das Adrian J. , Stephenson Nathan L. , Battles John J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInvasive pathogens and bark beetles have caused precipitous declines of various tree species around the globe. Here, we characterized long‐term patterns of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae; MPB) attacks and white pine blister rust, an infectious tree disease caused by the pathogen, Cronartium ribicola. We focused on four dominant white pine host species in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI), including sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), western white pine (P. monticola), whitebark pine (P. albicaulis), and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana). Between 2013 and 2017, we resurveyed 152 long‐term monitoring plots that were first surveyed and established between 1995 and 1999. Overall extent (plots with at least one infected tree) of white pine blister rust (blister rust) increased from 20% to 33%. However, the infection rate across all species decreased from 5.3% to 4.2%. Blister rust dynamics varied greatly by species, as infection rate decreased from 19.1% to 6.4% in sugar pine, but increased in western white pine from 3.0% to 8.7%. For the first time, blister rust was recorded in whitebark pine, but not foxtail pine plots. MPB attacks were highest in sugar pines and decreased in the higher elevation white pine species, whitebark and foxtail pine. Both blister rust and MPB were important factors associated with elevated mortality in sugar pines. We did not, however, find a relationship between previous fires and blister rust occurrence. In addition, multiple mortality agents, including blister rust, fire, and MPB, contributed to major declines in sugar pine and western white pine; recruitment rates were much lower than mortality rates for both species. Our results highlighted that sugar pine has been declining much faster in SEKI than previously documented. If blister rust and MPB trends persist, western white pine may follow similar patterns of decline in the future. Given current spread patterns, blister rust will likely continue to increase in higher elevations, threatening subalpine white pines in the southern Sierra Nevada. More frequent long‐term monitoring efforts could inform ongoing restoration and policy focused on threats to these highly valuable and diverse white pines.
Niche determinants in a salamander complex: Does hybridism or reproductive parasitism explain patterns of distribution?
Authors: Mills Peter B. , Hossie Thomas J. , Murray Dennis L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOrganisms with multiple biotic attributes may also have conflicting niche determinants, and we assessed whether the realized niche reflects single or multiple biotic attributes. A group of all‐female salamanders found in eastern North America (unisexual salamanders; Ambystoma spp.) embody two potentially competing biotic states: hybridism and obligate reproductive parasitism. In theory, hybrids should occupy areas that are transitional to those used by parental species, parasites must live in syntopy with their hosts, and parasites that engage in ecological competition with hosts should be most successful in habitats that are moderately suitable for hosts. We built niche models for bisexual salamanders (Ambystoma laterale and Ambystoma jeffersonianum), as well as for unisexual Ambystoma that posses nuclear DNA from both of these species. These unisexuals are both phenotypic hybrids and obligate reproductive parasites of the bisexual species. We characterized realized niches predicted for unisexual Ambystoma via a hybrid‐framework model (e.g., using environmental predictors) and a parasite‐framework model (e.g., using host suitability predictors). Model validation using ancillary data permitted evaluation of which biotic state (hybrid vs. parasite) fit the observed patterns of occupancy. The hybrid model conformed strongly with predictions that the unisexual niche would be transitional between A. laterale and A. jeffersonianum bisexuals. Average annual temperatures and terrestrial salamander species richness (a proxy for competition) were particularly descriptive of parental niches and hybrid occupancy of transitional environments. While the parasite model behaved as expected, model validation did not fully corroborate its utility for determining patterns of occupancy. Instead, model selection revealed that the hybrid model was more descriptive of unisexual occurrence than the parasite model. Despite the fundamental importance of reproductive parasitism to the persistence of unisexual Ambystoma, we suggest that hybridism has greater contribution to the realized niche. When species have competing ecological attributes, one primary biotic state may dominate as a determinant of the realized niche.
Left ventricular systolic ejection time is an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Alhakak Alia S. , Sengeløv Morten , Jørgensen Peter G. , Bruun Niels E. , Johnsen Cecilie , Abildgaard Ulrik , Iversen Allan Z. , Hansen Thomas F. , Teerlink John R. , Malik Fady I. , Solomon Scott D. , Gislason Gunnar , Biering‐Sørensen Tor 
Published: October 2020

AimsColour tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) M‐mode through the mitral leaflet is an easy and precise method to obtain cardiac time intervals including isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and systolic ejection time (SET). The myocardial performance index (MPI) is defined as [(IVCT + IVRT)/SET]. Whether cardiac time intervals obtained by the TDI M‐mode method can be used to predict outcome in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains unknown.Methods and resultsA total of 997 patients with HFrEF (mean age 67 ± 11 years, 74% male) underwent an echocardiographic examination including TDI. During a median follow‐up of 3.4 years (interquartile range 1.9–4.8 years), 165 (17%) patients died. The risk of mortality increased by 9% per 10 ms decrease in SET [per 10 ms decrease: hazard ratio (HR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.13; P < 0.001]. The association remained significant even after multivariable adjustment for clinical and echocardiographic parameters (per 10 ms decrease: HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11; P = 0.030). The MPI was a significant predictor in an unadjusted model (per 0.1 increase: HR 3.06, 95% CI 1.16–8.06; P = 0.023). However, the association did not remain significant after multivariable adjustment. No significant associations between IVCT or IVRT and mortality were found in unadjusted nor adjusted models. Additionally, SET provided incremental prognostic information with regard to predicting mortality when added to established clinical predictors of mortality in patients with HFrEF.ConclusionIn patients with HFrEF, SET provides independent and incremental prognostic information regarding all‐cause mortality.
A Poly(Propylene Imine) Dendrimer and Carbon Black Modified Flexible Screen Printed Electrochemical Sensor for Lead and Cadmium Co‐detection
Authors: Mazzaracchio Vincenzo , Tshwenya Luthando , Moscone Danila , Arduini Fabiana , Arotiba Omotayo A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTowards the development of miniaturised and low‐cost sensors for heavy metals detection in water, herein we describe an electrochemical sensor for the co‐detection of lead and cadmium. The sensor was developed using screen‐printed electrode modified with a composite of poly(propylene imine) dendrimer and carbon black. The electrode was modified by drop casting of the carbon black and electrodeposition of the poly(propylene imine) dendrimer. This modified electrode (sensor) was characterised by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, revealing improved electrochemical performances. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was used to achieve the simultaneous detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) at trace level, obtaining satisfactory LOD of 3.6 ppb and 15.3 ppb respectively; and sensitivity of 0.49 μA/ppb and 0.57 μA/ppb in tap water.
Synthesis, Characterization of Cr Doped TeO2 Nanostructures and its Application as EGFET pH Sensor
Authors: Adimule Vinayak , Revaiah R. G. , Nandi Santosh S. , Jagadeesha Adarsha Haramballi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the present work, Cr doped tellurium dioxide nanostructures (CTO NS)(1 wt %, 6 wt %, 8 wt % and 12 wt %) synthesized by co precipitation method and characterized by CV, UV‐Visible, SEM, XRD, XPS spectroscopic analysis. Electron beam deposited thin film of CTO NS having 12 wt % of Cr exhibited EGFET‐pH sensitivity of 62.03 mV/pH at 250 °C in buffer solutions of pH 6–12, linearity 0.9345, drift rate of 1.12 mV/h and deviation of 0.01145 as compared with 1 wt %, 6 wt % and 8 wt % of CTO NS.
Parking recommender system privacy preservation through anonymization and differential privacy
Authors: Saleem Yasir , Rehmani Mubashir Husain , Crespi Noel , Minerva Roberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) have enabled the development of smart parking systems that use services of third‐party parking recommender system to provide recommendations of personalized parking spot to users based on their past experience. However, the indiscriminate sharing of users' data with an untrusted (or semitrusted) parking recommender system may breach the privacy because users' behavior and mobility patterns could be inferred by analyzing their past history. Therefore, in this article, we present two solutions that preserve privacy of users in parking recommender systems while analyzing the past parking history usingk‐anonymity (anonymization) and differential privacy (perturbation) techniques. Specifically, given an original parking database containing users' parking information, thek‐anonymity mechanism constructs an anonymized database, while differential privacy perturbs the query response using the Laplace mechanism, making the users indistinguishable in both approaches, hence preserving the privacy. Experimental results on a data set constructed from real parking measurements evaluate the trade‐off between privacy and utility, therefore enabling users to receive parking spots recommendations while preserving their privacy.
Inorganic salt hydrate for thermal energy storage application: A review
Authors: Purohit B. K. , Sistla V. S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSalt hydrates are one of the most common inorganic compounds that are used as phase change material (PCM). These are available for a wide range of phase transition temperature for thermal energy storage (TES) application. They have some most desired properties for TES applications like high latent heat value, good thermal conductivity, nonexpensive, and were nonflammable. Besides these, due to the undesirable properties like phase segregation, supercooling, and corrosion to the containers, this PCM not recommended for TES application. To mitigate these issues and to make salt hydrates suitable in TES application, much research has been carried out in past years. This main highlight of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the use of salt hydrates, their applications and summarize the research outcomes reported by various researchers to every issue for its TES application. This summarized information will be useful to those who are interested to work on this research area. Along with this literature focuses on the advantages, disadvantages, and mechanism of salt hydrates for TES system during its thermal cycle process.