bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abyssal oceanic circulation and acidification during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO)
Authors: Cornaggia Flaminia , Bernardini Simone , Giorgioni Martino , Silva Gabriel L. X. , Nagy André Istvan M. , Jovane Luigi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) is a global warming event that occurred at around 40 Ma and lasted about 500 kyr. We study this event in an abyssal setting of the Tasman Sea, using the IODP Core U1511B-16R, collected during the expedition 371. We analyse magnetic, mineralogical, and chemical parameters to investigate the evolution of the sea bottom conditions at this site during the middle Eocene. We observe significant changes indicating the response to the MECO perturbation. Mn oxides, in which Mn occurs under an oxidation state around +4, indicate a high Eh water environment. A prominent Mn anomaly, occurring just above the MECO interval, indicates a shift toward higher pH conditions shortly after the end of this event. Our results suggest more acid bottom water over the Tasman abyssal plain during the MECO, and an abrupt end of these conditions. This work provides the first evidence of MECO at abyssal depths and shows that acidification affected the entire oceanic water column during this event.
Could Vegetation Index be Derive from Synthetic Aperture Radar? – The Linear Relationship between Interferometric Coherence and NDVI
Authors: Bai Zechao , Fang Shibo , Gao Jian , Zhang Yuan , Jin Guowang , Wang Shuqing , Zhu Yongchao , Xu Jiaxin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDue to many factors in the physical properties of the ground surface, the corresponding interferometric coherence values change dynamically over time. Among these factors, the roles of the vegetation and its temporal variation have not yet been revealed so far. In this paper, synthetic aperture radar (Sentinel-1) data and optical remote sensing (Landsat TM) images over four whole seasons are employed to reveal the relationship between the interferometric coherence and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at five sites that have ground deformation due to mining in Henan province, China. The result showed: (1) As for the village area with few vegetation cover, the related coherence values are significantly higher than that in the farm land area with high densities of vegetation in the spring and summer, which indicates that the subsidence by mining in few vegetation cover area is easier to be monitored; (2) Linear regression coefficients ($${{\bf{R}}}^{{\bf{2}}}$$R2) between the interfereometric coherence values and the NDVI values is 0.62, which indicate the interferometric coherence values and the NDVI values change reversely in both farm land and village areas over the year. It suggests months between November and March with lower NDVI value are more suitable for deformation detecting. Therefore, the interfereometric coherence values can be used to detect the density of vegetation, while NDVI values can be reference for elucidating when the traditional differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) could be effectively used.
Effect of asymmetrical heat rise/fall on the film flow of magnetohydrodynamic hybrid ferrofluid
Authors: Tlili Iskander , Mustafa M. T. , Kumar K. Anantha , Sandeep N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe movement of the ferrous nanoparticles is random in the base fluid, and it will be homogeneous under the enforced magnetic field. This phenomenon shows a significant impact on the energy transmission process. In view of this, we inspected the stream and energy transport in magnetohydrodynamic dissipative ferro and hybrid ferrofluids by considering an uneven heat rise/fall and radiation effects. We studied the Fe3O4 (magnetic oxide) and CoFe2O4 (cobalt iron oxide) ferrous particles embedded in H2O-EG (ethylene glycol) (50–50%) mixture. The flow model is converted as ODEs with suitable similarities and resolved them using the 4th order Runge-Kutta scheme. The influence of related constraints on transport phenomena examined through graphical illustrations. Simultaneous solutions explored for both ferro and hybrid ferrofluid cases. It is found that the magnetic oxide and cobalt iron oxide suspended in H2O-EG (ethylene glycol) (50–50%) mixture effectively reduces the heat transfer rate under specific conditions.
Update Reanimation – Reanimation 4.0
Authors: Seewald Stephan , Jakisch Barbara 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Zukunft der Notfallmedizin wird wesentlich durch technische Innovationen bestimmt werden: Neben einer virtuellen Lernumgebung im Rahmen der Ausbildung wird vor allem die Erkennung des Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstandes in Zukunft zunehmend digitalisiert werden. Der größte Meilenstein aber wird die individualisierte Reanimation sein – möglicherweise bestimmt schon bald der Computer stärker den Ablauf der Reanimation als standardisierte Algorithmen.
Update Breast Cancer 2020 Part 2 – Advanced Breast Cancer: New Treatments and Implementation of Therapies with Companion Diagnostics
Authors: Lüftner Diana , Schneeweiss Andreas , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Müller Volkmar , Wöckel Achim , Janni Wolfgang , Ettl Johannes , Belleville Erik , Schütz Florian , Thill Marc , Huober Jens , Fasching Peter A. , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Pöschke Patrik , Welslau Manfred , Overkamp Friedrich , Tesch Hans , Fehm Tanja N. , Lux Michael P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, new and effective therapies such as CDK4/6 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors and a PD-L1 inhibitor have been introduced in recent years. This review presents an update on the available studies with their data. In addition, two innovative anti-HER2 therapies are presented (trastuzumab-deruxtecan and tucatinib) for which the results from new studies have been reported. Molecular tests offer the possibility of defining patient populations or also monitoring courses of therapy. This can help identify patients with specific characteristics in order to provide them with individually targeted therapy within the framework of studies. In a large study, the benefit of such a biomarker study was able to be described for the first time.
Translation, rewriting and formation of Singapore’s bilingual education policy
Authors: Wenqi Toh , Feng Cui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Individuals inevitably have their own perception of Singapore’s bilingual education policy, especially those who experienced its formation and history from the pre-independence days of the 1950s to the 1980s. The book, My Lifelong Challenge: Singapore’s Bilingual Journey by Lee Kuan Yew, the founding Prime Minister of Singapore, provides much information and insights into this part of history. Through the comparison of the English and Chinese editions, this paper discusses the poetics, patronage and ideological differences related to the reasons for the translation and rewriting by Lee Kuan Yew of the Chinese edition. It suggests that Lee Kuan Yew had different intentions for the English and Chinese editions in relation to the respective readerships; as regards the English readership, the author intends the readers to gain knowledge of the historical background and to emphasize to them the importance of Mother Tongue; as regards the Chinese readership, he seeks to address any misunderstandings and misgivings towards the government that this group of readers may have and to gain their support for the bilingual policy.
English-dominated Chinatown
Authors: Zhang Hui , Tupas Ruanni , Norhaida Aman 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe current study reports a quantitative investigation of the linguistic landscape (LL) in Singapore’s Chinatown. The database of the study comprises a total of 831 instances of signs in the form of photographs that were collected in Chinatown. The study finds that English dominates the LL while Mandarin Chinese is ranked as the second frequently used language. The study also identifies significant differences in LL features between top-down and bottom-up signs. Specifically, these differences include what languages are used; monolingual, bilingual and multilingual compositions; code preference; and forms of Chinese scripts. The present study suggests that English now dominates the linguistic landscape of Chinatown. Even though many scholars have described the sociolinguistic situation in Singapore as being ‘English-knowing’, the data shows a shift towards being ‘English-dominant’, suggesting a gradual but sustained dilution of its multilingual ethos. The study also complicates our understanding of the dominance of English in multilingual societies such as Singapore, where a competing dominant language (Mandarin Chinese) may be seen to continue to exert considerable influence on the dynamics of English-dominant language use but, at the same time, whose main function is shifting towards the symbolic rather than communicative.
Media reporting of cyberbullying
Authors: Yang Lai Fong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cyberbullying refers to aggression that is intentionally and repeatedly carried out in an electronic context
(e.g., e-mail, blogs, social networking sites, instant messages, text messages, etc.) against a person who cannot easily defend
him- or herself. Cyberbullying is an important phenomenon to research for many reasons. First, although varying prevalence rates
have been reported, cyberbullying victimization has been found to occur at frequencies that are cause for concern. Second, many
victims of cyberbullying have been found to experience a range of negative outcomes as a consequence. Third, previous studies
found that increased Internet usage has led to increased involvement as perpetrators, victims or witness in cyberbullying. It is
alarming that a survey conducted by Anis, Rahim and Lim (2012) in Malaysia revealed
that 60% of the cases took place in social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace. This study aims to examine the coverage
of cyberbullying by The Star, which is the English-language daily newspaper with the largest circulation in
Malaysia. Framing theory was employed as the theoretical framework, while content analysis was used as the research methods. This
study revealed that coverage on cyberbullying in The Star was dominated by the “prevention and intervention
strategies” frame. The social problem was also presented as an individual-level problem (episodic framing) as well as
societal-level issue (thematic framing). Implications of the findings to the understanding of cyberbullying and framing research
were discussed.
Improvement in Brazilian Butt Lift (BBL) Safety With the Current Recommendations from ASERF, ASAPS, and ISAPS
Authors: Rios Luis , Gupta Varun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
In 2017, the ASERF Gluteal Fat Grafting Task Force reported gluteal fat grafting to be a high-risk procedure and recommended specific surgical techniques to decrease the risk of pulmonary fat embolism (PFE).

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine whether ASAPS and ISAPS members were aware of the 2017 recommendations, what their current surgical techniques were, whether they had changed their techniques based on the 2017 recommendations, and whether the incidence of PFEs had changed since the recommendations were published.

Methods
An anonymous web-based survey was conducted among members of ASAPS and ISAPS. It included the questions from the 2017 survey, as well as questions about awareness of the Task Force recommendations and subsequent change in surgical techniques.

Results
In the 2 years following the publication of the recommendations, the incidence of any PFE was 1 in 2492 compared with 1 in 1030 reported in 2017 (P = 0.02). Trends indicated a decreased mortality rate from 1 in 3448 in 2017 to 1 in 14,952 in 2019. Ninety-four percent of respondents were aware of the recommendations. Only 0.8% of surgeons in the current survey reported injecting in deep muscle, compared with 13.1% in 2017 (P &lt; 0.01). Compared with 4.1% in 2017, 29.8% of respondents in our survey reported that they only injected with cannulas ≥4.1 mm (P &lt; 0.01). Only 4% of respondents reported angling the cannula down in the current survey, compared with 27.2% in 2017 (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
It appears that members were aware of the 2017 recommendations. There was a significant decrease in recent PFE and trends showed a change to safer techniques and an improvement in safety of the procedure.
Male ultraviolet reflectance and female mating history influence female mate choice and male mating success in a polyandrous lizard
Authors: Badiane Arnaud , Martin Mélissa , Meylan Sandrine , Richard Murielle , Decencière Ferrandière Beatriz , Le Galliard Jean-François 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPre-copulatory female mate choice based on male ultraviolet (UV) coloration has been demonstrated in several vertebrate species; however, post-copulatory mechanisms have been largely overlooked. Here, we investigated female mate preference based on male UV coloration in the common lizard Zootoca vivipara, in which males display conspicuous UV coloration on their throat. During two successive years, we staged sequential mating trials between females and four different males with UV-reduced or control belly and throat coloration. We recorded pre-copulatory female behaviour, copulation behaviour and assigned paternity to all offspring. Females were more aggressive towards UV-reduced males and, during the second year, UV-reduced males had a lower probability of siring at least one egg (fertilization success) during the last mating trials. However, in the second year, copulation was shorter with control males. Altogether, our results suggest that females exert subtle pre-copulatory mate preference based on male UV ornaments and, conditional on the study year and female mating history, some degree of post-copulatory preference for UV-control males leading to differential male fertilization success. This study suggests that UV-based female mate choice may be more widespread than previously thought in vertebrates, and emphasizes the importance of using a study design well adapted to the species reproductive behaviour.
Margin of Appreciation in Pursuit of Pluralism? Critical Remarks on the Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights on the ‘Burqa Bans’
Authors: Hwang Shu-Perng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In 2014 and 2017, the European Court of Human Rights, respectively, upheld France’s and Belgium’s general bans on wearing face-covering veils in public. Whereas both the acceptance of ensuring the minimum conditions for ‘living together’ as a legitimate aim and the recognition of a wide margin of appreciation appear to demonstrate a pluralistic approach taken by the Court, this article examines the Court’s understanding and application of the principle of pluralism in its reasoning and, in this way, explores why and how the Court’s pluralistic view has led to an anti-pluralistic outcome. It purports to show that it was precisely a majoritarian conception of pluralism that has led the Court to make decisions to the disadvantage of minorities. Moreover, it illustrates how the European multilevel system of human rights protection should be developed in support of the realisation of pluralism.
Effect of Precipitation and Temperature on Larval Survival of Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) in Barley Cultivars
Authors: Achhami Buddhi B , Reddy Gadi V P , Sherman Jamie D , Peterson Robert K D , Weaver David K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Host plant traits strongly affect survivorship of insect herbivores, and host suitability is especially important for the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, which spends its entire egg, larval, and pupal periods in a single stem. Measuring larval survival inside stems from egg hatch through diapause-mediated dormancy is a potential measure of population size for the next year but is also useful in assessing effects of growing season precipitation and temperature. Larval growth is synchronized with host plant growth, and the larva cannot switch hosts. Thus, incorporating plant physiological time, as growing degree days (GDD), may yield a better prediction of larval survival. Therefore, we assessed wheat stem sawfly survival from early larval growth to the beginning of autumnal diapause in barley cultivars selected from across feed, forage, and two- or six-row malt groups. Field experiments were conducted in Gallatin and Chouteau counties, Montana, in 2016 and 2017. We used Kaplan-Meier estimation to assess larval survival among cultivars. We found that the survival of pre-diapause larvae was greatest in ‘Hockett’ (36.5%) and lowest in ‘Celebration’ (15.4%). Precipitation and temperature during the growing season affected temporal patterns for larval survival across study sites. Adjusting survivorship curves using site-specific GDD accumulation allowed cultivar-specific survivorship to be estimated more precisely for each site, despite differing environmental influences. Our findings suggest that measuring wheat stem sawfly survival across barley cultivars and standardizing by site-specific GDDs may provide better recommendations on barley cultivars that impede wheat stem sawfly population growth and reduce economic losses.
Characterization of a dual-beam, dual-camera optical imaging polarimeter
Authors: Shrestha Manisha , Steele Iain A , Piascik Andrzej S , Jermak Helen , Smith Robert J , Copperwheat Chris M 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Polarization plays an important role in various time-domain astrophysics to understand the magnetic fields, geometry, and environments of spatially unresolved variable sources. In this paper we present the results of laboratory and on-sky testing of a novel dual-beam, dual-camera optical imaging polarimeter (MOPTOP) exploiting high sensitivity, low-noise CMOS technology, and designed to monitor variable and transient sources with low systematic errors and high sensitivity. We present a data reduction algorithm that corrects for sensitivity variations between the cameras on a source-by-source basis. Using our data reduction algorithm, we show that our dual-beam, dual-camera technique delivers the benefits of low and stable instrumental polarization (&lt;0.05 per cent for lab data and &lt;0.25 per cent for on sky data) and high throughput while avoiding the additional sky brightness and image overlap problems associated with dual-beam, single-camera polarimeters.
Evidence for variability time-scale-dependent UV/X-ray delay in Seyfert 1 AGN NGC 7469
Authors: Pahari Mayukh , McHardy I M , Vincentelli Federico , Cackett Edward , Peterson Bradley M , Goad Mike , Gültekin Kayhan , Horne Keith 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Using a month-long X-ray light curve from RXTE/PCA and 1.5 month-long UV continuum light curves from IUE spectra in 1220–1970 Å, we performed a detailed time-lag study of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 7469. Our cross-correlation analysis confirms previous results showing that the X-rays are delayed relative to the UV continuum at 1315 Å by 3.49 ± 0.22 d, which is possibly caused by either propagating fluctuation or variable Comptonization. However, if variations slower than 5 d are removed from the X-ray light curve, the UV variations then lag behind the X-ray variations by 0.37 ± 0.14 d, consistent with reprocessing of the X-rays by a surrounding accretion disc. A very similar reverberation delay is observed between Swift/XRT X-ray and Swift/UVOT UVW2, U light curves. Continuum light curves extracted from the Swift/GRISM spectra show delays with respect to X-rays consistent with reverberation. Separating the UV continuum variations faster and slower than 5 d, the slow variations at 1825 Å lag those at 1315 Å by 0.29 ± 0.06 d, while the fast variations are coincident (0.04 ± 0.12 d). The UV/optical continuum reverberation lag from IUE, Swift, and other optical telescopes at different wavelengths are consistent with the relationship: τ ∝ λ4/3, predicted for the standard accretion disc theory while the best-fitting X-ray delay from RXTE and Swift/XRT shows a negative X-ray offset of ∼0.38 d from the standard disc delay prediction.
In Hydronephrosis‐Rats, BPC 157 Exerts a Strong Anti‐Ulcer Effect in Both Stomach and Duodenum along with Marked Kidney Recovery
Authors: Vranes Hrvoje , Krezic Ivan , Gojkovic Slaven , Zizek Helena , Durasin Tajana , Petrovic Andrea , Pavlov Katarina Horvat , Batelja Lovorka , Blagaic Alenka Boban , Seiwerth Sven , Sikiric Predrag 
Published: April 2020

Background/HypothesisWe focused on the anti‐ulcerogenic potential of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in rats used to have unilateral ureter obstruction. Prolonged unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) after obstruction removal in addition to renal injury, may produce significant stomach and duodenal lesions in rats. Previously, BPC 157 markedly counteracted gastric lesions in nephrectomized rats (FASEB J 2016; 30: 1 Suppl:720.2; FASEB J 2015;29: 1:628.10).MethodsRats had ureteral ligation for 72 hours, and thereby, hydronephrosis, fibrosis development, tubular cell damage, and interstitial inflammation. Then, at 5 min after the ureter was obstruction was removed, we applied medication (stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (10 μg/kg; 10 ng/kg) or saline) given as an intraperitoneal bath (1mL bath/rat). Assessment was at 24 h and 96 h after medication and included renal lesions (0‐ healthy kidney, 1‐ mild hydronephrosis, 2‐ moderate hydronephrosis, visible dilation of renal pelvis, few lesions on kidney surface, 3‐ severe hydronephrosis, dilatation of renal pelvis, thinning of the renal parenchyma and considerable number of lesions on the kidney surface), gastric and duodenal lesions (sum of the longest diameters, mm), urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, bilirubin, K, Na, Mg, Ca, inorganic phosphates in serum, as described (Sikiric et al, Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(7):1126–35).ResultsBPC 157 medication results in marked and advanced improvement, seen at 24 h and 96 h thereafter. For illustration, regular severe hydronephrosis, dilatation of renal pelvis, thinning of the renal parenchyma was reversed to only mild or no hydronephrosis. Likewise, both gastric and duodenal lesions, that regularly appear as quite severe hemorrhagic lesions (gastric 12±1; duodenal 9±2 at 24h), were markedly reduced, or completely eliminated after BPC 157 medication, either 10 μg or 10 ng regimen (stomach 1±1; duodenal 1±1 at 24 h, 10 ng‐regimen).ConclusionsIn hydronephrosis‐rats, BPC 157 exerts a strong anti‐ulcer effect in both stomach and duodenum along with marked kidney recovery.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia (Grant BM 099).Figure 1