bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic avulsion of the anterior medial meniscus root combined with PCL injury: a case report
Authors: Wang Anqi , Lu Hongzhang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Avulsion of the anterior medial meniscus root (AMMR) has a low incidence rate, especially when it is combined with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury, which hasn’t been reported in any literature to date. The aim of this study was to share our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with traumatic avulsion of AMMR combined with PCL injury.

Case presentation
This article reports a 26-year-old male patient diagnosed with traumatic avulsion of the AMMR with PCL injury. After arthroscopic surgery, he achieved remission of symptoms and recovery of functions.

Conclusions
Anterior meniscus root injuries are relatively rare. Its diagnosis can be made preliminarily based on clinical manifestations, physical examinations, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and then confirmed by arthroscopic exploration. Arthroscopic suture anchor fixation of the injured anterior meniscus horn shows a good therapeutic effect.
Sperm impairing microbial factor: potential candidate for male contraception
Authors: Chauhan Aditi , Thaper Deepali , Prabha Vijay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite significant advances in contraceptive options for women, vasectomy and condoms are the only options available for male contraception. Due to this limitation, the burden of contraception resides on the shoulders of females only. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a safe, effective and reversible method of contraception for men. Amongst the alternative approaches, microbial derived products are gaining attention of the scientific world to combat unintended pregnancies. Earlier in our laboratory, sperm impairing microbial factor (Sperm immobilization factor) isolated fromStaphylococcus aureushas shown excellent contraceptive efficacy in female mice. Keeping this in mind, the present study was carried out to exploit the sperm immobilization factor (SIF) as potential male contraceptive using vas deferens for administration in mouse model.MethodsSIF (10, 50, 100 or 200 μg) was inoculated in the lumen of right vas deferens whereas the left vas deferens served as control. The mice were sacrificed at Day 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45, 60 and 90 after inoculation and the results in terms of change in body weight, seminal parameters, Tissue somatic indices (TSI), haematological parameters, serum level of testosterone, lipid peroxidation and histology were studied. In order to ratify the SIF induced azoospermia SIF (200 μg) was administered with different doses viz. 100, 200, 300, 400 or 500 μg of SIF binding receptor extracted from mouse spermatozoa.ResultsThe weight profile studies of all the experimental groups showed no significant change in the initial and final body weight. In case of seminal parameters, the results revealed that right vas deferens treated with SIF showed azoospermia and with 200 μg of SIF it persisted up to 90 days. TSI of reproductive organs and non-reproductive organs showed no significant change in all the experimental groups. The haematological indices were found to be unaltered throughout the course of investigation however significant decrease in testosterone level was observed in the treated mice. The treatment also affected the oxidative status of the testis. Further, histological studies revealed hypospermatogenesis and late maturation arrest on treated side whereas the left side which served as control showed normal tissue histology. SIF induced azoospermia was ameliorated when administered with 400 μg of SIF binding receptor from mouse spermatozoa.ConclusionSIF, when administered via intra vas deferens route, could lead to complete azoospermia. Therefore, it could be considered as a potential male contraceptive.
Nature of, and responses to key sexual and reproductive health challenges for adolescents in urban slums in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Wado Yohannes Dibaba , Bangha Martin , Kabiru Caroline W. , Feyissa Garumma T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Addressing adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) requires an understanding of the socio-cultural and spatial settings within which they live. One setting of particular importance is the informal settlements or ‘slums’ that are gradually dominating the urban space. We undertook a scoping review and synthesis of existing evidence on adolescent SRHR in slums in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) focusing on the characteristics and nature of existing evidence.

Methods
The scoping review was conducted based on Arksey and O’Malley framework and in accordance with the guidance on scoping reviews from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and using PRISMA reporting guidelines for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search was undertaken in PubMed, POPLINE, African Journals Online (AJOL), Bioline International and Google Scholar. The search was confined to studies published in peer reviewed journals and reports published online between January 2000 and May 2019. Studies were included in the review if they addressed SRHR issues among adolescents living in urban slums in SSA.

Results
The review included a total of 54 studies. The majority (79.5%) of studies were quantitative. The bulk of studies (85.2%) were observational studies with only eight intervention studies. While half (27) of the studies focused exclusively on adolescents (10–19 years), 12 studies combined adolescents with other young people (10–24 years). The studies were skewed towards sexual behavior (44%) and HIV/AIDS (43%) with very few studies focusing on other SRHR issues such as contraception, abortion, gender-based violence and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) other than HIV. Most of the studies highlighted the significantly higher risks for poor SRHR outcomes among adolescents in slums as compared to their peers in other settlements.

Conclusion
Young people growing up in slums face tremendous challenges in relation to their SRHR needs resulting in poor outcomes such as early and unintended pregnancy, STIs, and sexual violence. The results of this review point to several potential target areas for programming, policy, and research aimed at improved adolescent SRHR in slums in SSA.
Low high-density lipoprotein and increased risk of several cancers: 2 population-based cohort studies including 116,728 individuals
Authors: Pedersen Kasper Mønsted , Çolak Yunus , Bojesen Stig Egil , Nordestgaard Børge Grønne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Increasing evidence suggests that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may play a role in cancer development. We tested the hypothesis that low HDL levels are associated with increased risk of cancer.

Methods
Individuals from two population-based cohorts, the Copenhagen General Population Study (2003–2015, N = 107 341), and the Copenhagen City Heart Study (1991–1994, N = 9387) were followed prospectively until end of 2016 to assess low plasma HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 as risk factors for cancer using Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results
During up to 25 years follow-up, we observed 8748 cancers in the Copenhagen General Population Study and 2164 in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. In the Copenhagen General Population Study and compared to individuals with HDL cholesterol ≥ 2.0 mmol/L (≥ 77 mg/dL), multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for any cancer were 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.04–1.22) for individuals with HDL cholesterol of 1.5–1.99 mmol/L (58–77 mg/dL), 1.18 (1.08–1.30) for HDL cholesterol of 1.0–1.49 mmol/L (39–58 mg/dL), and 1.29 (1.12–1.48) for individuals with HDL cholesterol < 1.0 mmol/L (< 39 mg/dL). Correspondingly, compared to individuals with apolipoprotein A1 ≥ 190 mg/dL, HRs for any cancer were 1.06 (0.96–1.17) for individuals with apolipoprotein A1 of 160–189 mg/dL, 1.18 (1.07–1.30) for apolipoprotein A1 of 130–159 mg/dL, and 1.28 (1.13–1.46) for individuals with apolipoprotein A1 < 130 mg/dL. Among 27 cancer types, low HDL cholesterol and/or apolipoprotein A1 were associated with increased risk of multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative neoplasm, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and nervous system cancer. Results were overall similar in women and men separately, and in the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Conclusions
Low HDL levels were associated with increased risk of several cancers. Increased risk was most pronounced for hematological and nervous system cancer, and to a minor extent for breast and respiratory cancer.
Mustache: multi-scale detection of chromatin loops from Hi-C and Micro-C maps using scale-space representation
Authors: Roayaei Ardakany Abbas , Gezer Halil Tuvan , Lonardi Stefano , Ay Ferhat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe presentMustache, a new method for multi-scale detection of chromatin loops from Hi-C and Micro-C contact maps.Mustacheemploys scale-space theory, a technical advance in computer vision, to detect blob-shaped objects in contact maps.Mustacheis scalable to kilobase-resolution maps and reports loops that are highly consistent between replicates and between Hi-C and Micro-C datasets. Compared to other loop callers, such as HiCCUPS and SIP,Mustacherecovers a higher number of published ChIA-PET and HiChIP loops as well as loops linking promoters to regulatory elements. Overall,Mustacheenables an efficient and comprehensive analysis of chromatin loops. Available at:https://github.com/ay-lab/mustache.
Immunomodulatory sphingosine-1-phosphates as plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Chua Xin Ying , Chai Yuek Ling , Chew Wee Siong , Chong Joyce R. , Ang Hui Li , Xiang Ping , Camara Kaddy , Howell Amy R. , Torta Federico , Wenk Markus R. , Hilal Saima , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Chen Christopher P. , Herr Deron R. , Lai Mitchell K. P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
There has been ongoing research impetus to uncover novel blood-based diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and related cerebrovascular disease (CEVD)-associated conditions within the spectrum of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Sphingosine-1-phosphates (S1Ps) are signaling lipids which act on the S1PR family of cognate G-protein-coupled receptors and have been shown to modulate neuroinflammation, a process known to be involved in both neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the status of peripheral S1P in AD and VCI is at present unclear.

Methods
We obtained baseline bloods from individuals recruited into an ongoing longitudinal cohort study who had normal cognition (N = 80); cognitive impairment, no dementia (N = 160); AD (N = 113); or VaD (N = 31), along with neuroimaging assessments of cerebrovascular diseases. Plasma samples were processed for the measurements of major S1P species: d16:1, d17:1, d18:0, and d18:1, along with pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Furthermore, in vitro effects of S1Ps on cytokine expression were also studied in an astrocytoma cell line and in rodent primary astrocytes.

Results
Of the S1Ps species measured, only d16:1 S1P was significantly reduced in the plasma of VaD, but not AD, patients, while the d18:1 to d16:1 ratios were increased in all cognitive subgroups (CIND, AD, and VaD). Furthermore, d18:1 to d16:1 ratios correlated with levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF. In both primary astrocytes and an astroglial cell line, treatment with d16:1 or d18:1 S1P resulted in the upregulation of mRNA transcripts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with d18:1 showing a stronger effect than d16:1. Interestingly, co-treatment assays showed that the addition of d16:1 reduced the extent of d18:1-mediated gene expression, indicating that d16:1 may function to “fine-tune” the pro-inflammatory effects of d18:1.

Conclusion
Taken together, our data suggest that plasma d16:1 S1P may be useful as a diagnostic marker for VCI, while the d18:1 to d16:1 S1P ratio is an index of dysregulated S1P-mediated immunomodulation leading to chronic inflammation-associated neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular damage.
Dealing with PET
radiometabolites
Authors: Ghosh Krishna Kanta , Padmanabhan Parasuraman , Yang Chang-Tong , Mishra Sachin , Halldin Christer , Gulyás Balázs 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) offers the study of biochemical,
physiological, and pharmacological functions at a cellular and molecular level.
The performance of a PET study mostly depends on the used radiotracer of
interest. However, the development of a novel PET tracer is very difficult, as
it is required to fulfill a lot of important criteria. PET radiotracers usually
encounter different chemical modifications including redox reaction, hydrolysis,
decarboxylation, and various conjugation processes within living organisms. Due
to this biotransformation, different chemical entities are produced, and the
amount of the parent radiotracer is declined. Consequently, the signal measured
by the PET scanner indicates the entire amount of radioactivity deposited in the
tissue; however, it does not offer any indication about the chemical disposition
of the parent radiotracer itself. From a radiopharmaceutical perspective, it is
necessary to quantify the parent radiotracer’s fraction present in the tissue.
Hence, the identification of radiometabolites of the radiotracers is vital for
PET imaging. There are mainly two reasons for the chemical identification of PET
radiometabolites: firstly, to determine the amount of parent radiotracers in
plasma, and secondly, to rule out (if a radiometabolite enters the brain) or
correct any radiometabolite accumulation in peripheral tissue. Besides,
radiometabolite formations of the tracer might be of concern for the PET study,
as the radiometabolic products may display considerably contrasting distribution
patterns inside the body when compared with the radiotracer itself. Therefore,
necessary information is needed about these biochemical transformations to
understand the distribution of radioactivity throughout the body. Various
published review articles on PET radiometabolites mainly focus on the sample
preparation techniques and recently available technology to improve the
radiometabolite analysis process. This article essentially summarizes the
chemical and structural identity of the radiometabolites of various radiotracers
including [11C]PBB3,
[11C]flumazenil,
[18F]FEPE2I, [11C]PBR28,
[11C]MADAM, and
(+)[18F]flubatine. Besides, the importance of
radiometabolite analysis in PET imaging is also briefly summarized. Moreover,
this review also highlights how a slight chemical modification could reduce the
formation of radiometabolites, which could interfere with the results of PET
imaging.

Graphical abstract
Clinical efficacy of phentolamine in the treatment of feeding intolerance in premature infants with low birth weight
Authors: Li Hongya , Li Bin , Wen Xuehua 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To discuss the clinical efficacy of phentolamine in the treatment of feeding intolerance in premature infants with low birth weight.
Methods: Seventy-one low-birth-weight infants with feeding intolerance were randomly divided into the phentolamine group and the erythromycin group (38 patients and 33 patients, respectively). The infants were given basic treatment, such as gastric lavage, temporary fasting, nutritional support and abdominal massage. The phentolamine group was intravenously pumped with phentolamine as the basis of basic treatment, while the erythromycin group was given erythromycin as the basis of basic treatment. The time for gastrointestinal symptoms to disappear, the time the basic standard was reached, the time parenteral nutrition was used, the total time enteral feeding was implemented, the length of stay, and the increase in physical indexes according to the corrected gestational age of 40 weeks of the two groups were compared.
Results: There was no significant difference between the phentolamine group and the erythromycin group in vomiting disappearance time or the increase in physical indicators at the corrected gestational age of 40 weeks (P>0.05), while the abdominal distension disappearance time, the time of restoration to birth weight, the time to reach the basic standard, the total time of parenteral nutrition, the total time of enteral feeding, and the length of stay in the phentolamine group were shorter than those in the erythromycin group, with significant differences (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Phentolamine has a significant effect on alleviating symptoms and shortening the treatment time while treating feeding intolerance in premature infants with low birth weight, without adverse events, so it is worthy of clinical promotion.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2633
How to cite this:Li H, Li B, Wen X. Clinical efficacy of phentolamine in the treatment of feeding intolerance in premature infants with low birth weight. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1655-1658. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2633
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research and Evaluation of the Mechanical Anisotropy of Steel an Alloys by the Magnetic Noise Method
Authors: Busko Valery , Osipov Aleksandr 
Published: September 2020

The aim of this work is to experimentally study the relationship between mechanical properties using the example of the normal anisotropy coefficient of sheet metal, mechanical stresses during elastic deformation of electrical steel and anisotropy of the physical and mechanical properties of a set of steels and alloys with magnetic noise parameters.
The mechanical anisotropy of the ferromagnetic materials properties predetermines the need for its study and evaluation, since it has a significant impact on the basic physical and mechanical characteristics of components, products and structures. Taking into account the relationship between the physical and mechanical properties of the material with the magnetic characteristics, to study the possibility of non-destructive testing of anisotropy the method of the Barkhausen effect was used, the informative parameters of which are magnetostructural and magnetoanisotropic. To study mechanical anisotropy a device for circular rotation of the Barkhausen transducer over the sample surface and a device for the production of elastic tensile / compressive stresses during static bending were made. Comparison of the results obtained using magnetic noises with the known coefficients of normal anisotropy of thin-sheet steel samples showed their qualitative and quantitative agreement, confirming the presence of a close relationship between them. It was found that elastic deformation in samples of anisotropic electrical steel leads to a sharp change in the level of magnetic noise and the type of circular diagrams, taking into account the sign of stresses. It is shown that as a result of cold rolling according to magnetic noise the samples have a pronounced texture due to the direction of rolling along the longest side of the sheet. The formed elastic deformation under tension and compression during static bending practically does not change the texture - the induced crystallographic anisotropy after rolling. The relationship between the intensity of magnetic noise and the degree of anisotropy is established and the possibility of evaluating the magnetic anisotropy in various steels and alloys using the Barkhausen effect method is investigated and confirmed.
Factors affecting the academic performance of midwifery students in Gondar University, north west Ethiopia
Authors: Gebreslasie Kahsay Zenebe , Worku Temesgen , Berta Marta 
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims The academic performance of midwifery students plays an important role in providing quality midwifery care. However, the current academic performances of students have been found to be unsatisfactory. This study aimed to assess factors associated with the academic performance of midwifery students. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 149 fourth year midwifery students at the University of Gondar. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the data. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression were calculated and the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were computed to identify associated factors and determine the strength of association. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Among the 149 midwifery students, 108 (72.5%) performed well and, of these students, 76 (51%) were males. Coming from a rural residence (adjusted odds ratio=2.64, P=0.017), the teacher being reported as not helpful and effective during the skills laboratory (adjusted odds ratio=2.4, P=0.022), and students' 10th grade achievement >3.25 (adjusted odds ratio=16, P=0.001) were significantly associated with good academic performance. Conclusions Students' academic performance was good. Residence, teacher's role and student's background were significantly associated with good academic performance. Attention should be given to students from urban residences and the teacher's role in the skills laboratory. Additionally, students should be encouraged to perform well academically from high school onwards.
Utility of preoperative ‘group and save’ samples in laparoscopic appendicectomy
Authors: Magowan D , Smith L , Williams G 
Published: September 2020

Laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) is the standard of care in the treatment of appendicitis. Serious intraoperative complications, including bleeding, are rare, especially with an open approach to establishing pneumoperitoneum. Despite this, the preoperative 'group and save' (G&S) blood tests remain common practice. Our aim was to assess whether preoperative G&S should be considered mandatory for LA. Do we overestimate the risk of significant bleeding?
Developing European Key Competences with Green Education
Authors: Sacco Margherita Maria , Vitti Elena Liliana , Parola Alberto 
Published: September 2020

Building&Learning Project is action-research focused on the environmental consequences of technology. The didactic design is structured on the classic program proposed for the scholar discipline Technology for the first grade of secondary school; it tries to answer to the requirements of the National Plan for a Digital School (PNSD). Our first aim is to overcome the diktat “teach how to use the media” and reach the capacity to “teach with the media”, to avoid the danger of a “technocentric illusion” and to get the purpose to develop the competences proposed by Europe and Italy. Our teacher-researcher prepared every lesson to help the students to: a) get the disciplinary aim; b) understand the process and the consequences that every technology brings with itself; c) apply the theory in a practice activity. Every lesson is divided in two phases: the theoretical part is based on the method of Cooperative Learning, while the second part is a practice activity where students build with LEGO Education Kit a model that forecasts the application of the theory. After the first period, we introduced also a Story-telling part because the students showed great difficulty in expressing the theory explained.
Keywords: European key competences - Media Education – Cooperative Learning – Sustainability education – STEM