bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Menstrual abnormalities amongst female South African Hajj pilgrims: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Parker S. , Omar S. , Mahomed O. H. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Hajj (pilgrimage), the fifth pillar of Islam, is obligatory for every Muslim, male or female, provided that he/she is physically and financially able to do so, at least once in his/her lifetime. One of the rituals of Hajj requires the absence of menstruation. In the current modern era, many females utilise oral contraception to manipulate their menstrual cycle so that the pilgrim can be menses free during the main rituals of Hajj. However, many such females are at risk of breakthrough bleeding. Very little information has been documented concerning the incidence of menstrual cycle abnormalities amongst female Hajj pilgrims in general and South African pilgrims in particular. This study aims to determine the incidence of menstrual cycle abnormalities amongst South African female Hajj pilgrims and the potential factors that predispose to them.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted amongst South African female pilgrims during the five-day Hajj period. South Africa is usually limited to 5 000 pilgrims annually with a 50:50 gender split. For most of the five days of Hajj, pilgrims, separated by gender, are housed in special tents. Data were collected using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed amongst the ladies’ tents in Mina on the last day of Hajj by nursing sisters attached to the South African medical mission. A total of 470 South African female pilgrims participated in the study with 147 excluded as they were either postmenopausal or had had hysterectomies, resulting in a sample size of 323.Results: Of the 318 participants who responded to the question about hormonal menstrual manipulation (HMM), 195 (61%) attempted this and 123 (39%) did not. Of the 308 participants who responded to the question concerning menstrual cycle problems (MCP), 54 (18%) had problems and 254 (82%) did not. Of the 189 participants who attempted HMM and answered the question on MCP, 44/189 (23%) had MCP, whilst 10/108 (9%) of those who did not attempt HMM had MCP. The OR for MCP was 2.97 (CI 1.46–6.04) if HMM was attempted compared with no HMM attempt.Conclusion: Menstrual irregularities occurred more frequently in those who attempt hormonal menstrual manipulation compared with those who do not. Health education on this issue should be integrated into the pre-Hajj classes.
Knowledge, attitudes and practice of healthcare providers regarding contraceptive use in adolescence in Mahalapye, Botswana
Authors: Tshitenge S. T. , Nlisi K. , Setlhare V. , Ogundipe R. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy is a global public health problem, for which healthcare providers (HCPs) play a critical role to prevent unintended pregnancy. This study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of HCPs towards the use of contraceptives in adolescents.Results: Of the 101 eligible for the study, 79.2% HCPs from the selected clinics and hospital responded. The majority (91.2%) of respondents felt confident to explain to adolescents how to use old contraceptive methods such as oral contraceptives or IUCD, less than half of the respondents (41.3%) were confident to explain how to use new contraceptive methods such as transdermal contraceptive patches or vaginal rings. Medical doctors felt more confident to prescribe new contraceptive methods compared with nurses, both vaginal rings (p-value = 0.0006) and transdermal contraceptive patches (p-value = 0.0003). More than two-thirds of the respondents disagreed that beliefs influenced their ability to offer contraceptive services to adolescents, half of the respondents strongly disagreed that it was morally wrong for adolescents to use contraceptives. Although three-quarters of respondents strongly agreed (median = 5, [IQR 5–6]) that they were comfortable with prescribing contraceptives to adolescents, only 23% of the respondents very much prescribed or always prescribed contraceptives to adolescents.Conclusion: Most of the HCPs prescribed contraceptives irregularly, and had limited knowledge about newer methods. To change HCPs’ KAP, in addition to continuing medical education (CME), the establishment of family planning clinics for adolescents and more undergraduate contraceptive teaching for medical and nursing students could result in the increased utilisation of contraceptive services by adolescents.
Management of rabies
Authors: Weyer J. , Blumberg Lucille 
Published: October 2020

Rabies is endemic in South Africa and human rabies cases continue to be reported annually. Most human cases in South Africa are dog-transmitted. Whilst efforts are underway to control and eventually eliminate dog rabies in the country, prevention of the disease through appropriate use of rabies postexposure prophylaxis is critical to save lives. This article provides a summary of rabies in South Africa and key aspects of the prevention of the disease in exposed humans.
Daily waiting and treatment times at an advanced radiation oncology setup
Authors: Munshi Anusheel , Krishnakutty Saneg , Sarkar Biplab , Ganesh Tharmar , Mohanti Bidhu K. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
We present our data for every single fraction for every patient treated at our center for the past 4 years, analyzing the waiting and treatment times.

Materials and Methods:
Between January 2014 and February 2018, all patients and their corresponding recorded measurements of waiting time and machine treatment time were analyzed. Times recorded included actual arrival time, designated arrival time, linac entry time, and last beam treatment time. The complete waiting time information was divided into two categories (1) first day treatments and (2) subsequent day treatments. SPSS version 18 was used for statistical calculations, correlations, and assessing significance.

Results:
First day treatments - of 1982 patients following treatments were carried out; 1557 volumetric-modulated arc therapy (78.6%), 88 three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (RT) (4.4%), 14 electron (0.7%), 10 intensity-modulated RT (0.5%), 264 stereotactic irradiation (13.3%), 17 stereotactic body RT (0.7%), and 32 total body irradiation (1.6%). The mean (± standard deviation) times for early/late time, total spent time (TST), wait time gross (WTG), and wait time net (WTN) were 11.0 ± 49.6 min, 74.7 ± 44.8 min, 47.46 ± 43.9 min, and 24.1 ± 44.4 min, respectively. Subsequent day treatments - a total of 34,438 sessions of treatment delivery were recorded. Overall average WTG was 37.4 ± 32.7 min. Overall WTN was 12.1 ± 62.7 min. Overall mean total spent time (TST) was 52.4 ± 33.0 min, overall mean setup and treatment time was 15.1 ± 10.9 min.

Conclusion:
We have presented our results of patient-related times during RT. Our study covers the daily waiting times before RT as well as the actual treatment times during modern-day RT. This consecutive patient data from a large series shall be an important resource tool for future planners and policymakers.
Obstetric outcomes of HIV positive mothers in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shahida Husain Tarar  , Muhammad Afzal  , Hamna Atta  , Syed Muhammad Ali Shah  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the pregnancy outcome of human immunodeficiency syndrome-positive mothers.
Method: The prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat, Pakistan, from June 2011 to March 2018, and comprised pregnant women screened positive for human immunodeficiency syndrome. Risk factors and perinatal outcomes were noted on a predesigned proforma. Data was analysed usingh SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 74 subjects with a mean age of 29+5.27 years, 63(85.1%) were multiparous and 11(14.9%) were nulliparous. Major risk factors included unsterilized nasal or ear piercing in 70(94.6%) subjects, history of blood transfusion 57(77%) and history of dental procedure in unsterilized settings 23(31.1%). Spouses of 43(58.1%) subjects were positive for human immunodeficiency syndrome, 22(29.7%) were negative and 9(12.2%) had unknown status in this regard. In terms of outcome, 12(16.3%) subjects had spontaneous abortion, 11(12.2%) had intrauterine death of foetus, 6(8.1%) had preterm delivery and 45(60.8%) reached full term and were delivered. There were 2(2.6%) patients with stage 4 disease who died during pregnancy.
Conclusion: Human immunodeficiency syndrome infection in pregnant women was found to be associated with poor pregnancy outcome.
Key Words: HIV, Pregnancy, Pakistan, Perinatal, Risk factors.
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Endogenous methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus as a source of post operative surgical site infections
Authors: Umme Farwa  , Irum Aftab  , Fatima Kaleem  , Mehnaz Khattak  , Mariam Danish Iqbal  , Tariq Butt  , Shahid Ahmad Abbasi  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To determine frequency of Endogenous Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pre operative patients and its frequency in Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) Post operatively.
Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional conducted at Department of Microbiology, Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi (FFH), Pakistan. Samples were collected from 1st November-31st May 2018. Total 75 samples were collected during the period. Consecutive non-probability sampling technique was utilized. Specimens were collected from nose, axilla and groin of preoperative patients. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus was identified if only isolated from these sites. Patients were followed till his/her discharge from the hospital and if they developed infection post operatively, pus specimen from infected site was also collected and identified.Results: Out of 75 specimen preoperatively, 14.7% (n=11) were identified as endogenous MRSA. From these, 44% (n=33) developed Surgical site infections (SSIs), among them 57% (n=19) were MRSA (09 endogenous, 10 exogenous), 21.2% (n=7) were Escherichia coli, 9.1% (n=3) were Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9.1% (n=3) were Enterococcus faecalis and 3% (n=1) was Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.
Conclusion: The results of this study determined that Endogenous Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) could be isolated from patients going for surgery if microbiological screening was done at the time of admission. This could prevent patients from Surgical Site Infection Post operatively by these endogenous MRSA. This search and wipe out strategy is able to curtail the events of outbreak, reduce hospital stay and decrease budget of the hospital by providing guidance in choice of empirical therapy for infection.
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ANALISIS PENGARUH CITRA MEREK DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK SMARTPHONE OPPO
Authors: Rahmawaty Dian , Nur Adek Rilman 
Published: October 2020

The study was backed by the telecommunications industry with a rapid growing became a mirror of tight and the high need for information which is easily accessible by the public. This research aims to know the influence of the brand image and product quality of Oppo smartphone product purchases. This research was conducted against students STIE Haji Agus Salim Bukittinggi majoring in management. After a review of the literature, and the preparation of the hypothesis, the data collected through questionnaire method deployed to 77 people respondents by using random sampling method. Analysis of the method used is descriptive analysis with logistic regression with binary using data processing using SPSS 16.0 for windows ver. Then conducted the analysis with the data using the test of validity, reliability, descriptive variable analysis (TCR), binary logistic regression test, wald test, ekspetasi test, G and nagelkerke so obtained by the equation Y-9.689 0, 292X1 0, 169X2. The results showed that the brand image and product quality positively and significantly to the influential buying decision either by partial and simultaneous. The most influential variables on the purchasing decision is a brand image with a percentage of that factor and 0.292 least affect the purchasing decision variable is the corporate image is by percentage of 0.169. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan tumbuh pesatnya industri telekomunikasi yang menjadi cermin dari ketat dan tingginya kebutuhan akan infomasi yang mudah diakses oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh citra merek dan kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian produk smartphone Oppo. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap mahasiswa STIE Haji Agus Salim Bukittinggi Jurusan Manajemen. Setelah dilakukan tinjauan pustaka, dan penyusunan hipotesis, data dikumpulkan melalui metode kuesioner yang disebar kepada 77 orang responden dengan menggunakan metode random sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan binary logistic regression dengan pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS ver.16.0 for windows. Kemudian dilakukan analisis dengan data yang ada menggunakan uji validitas, reliabilitas, analisis deskriptif variabel (TCR), binary logistic regression , uji wald, uji G, uji ekspetasi dan nagelkerke sehingga didapatkan persamaan Y = -9,689+0,292X1+0,169X2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa citra merek dan kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian baik secara parsial dan simultan. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh besar terhadap keputusan pembelian adalah citra merek dengan presentase sebesar 0,292 dan faktor yang paling kecil mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian adalah variabel kualitas produk adalah dengan presentase sebesar 0,169.
THE INFLUENCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS’ TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION LENDING STRATEGY ON THE GROWTH OF SMES IN KENYA
Authors: Kathuku Dr. Jane Karambu , Ngugi Dr. Patrick Karanja , Muturi Dr. Willy Mwangi 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of commercial banks’ technological innovation lending strategy on the growth of MSEs in Kenya.Methodology: The researcher used purposive sampling to select respondents. The sample size was comprised of 352 respondents. The study used questionnaires to collect data from the field. Both quantitative and qualitative data gathered was coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data in frequency distributions and percentages which were presented in tables and figures. Inferential statistics were used to analyze qualitative data.Results: The study found out that commercial banks’ technology and innovation have a positive and significant effect on MSEs growth (r=0.505, p=0.023).Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study also recommended that commercial banks need to adopt technological innovation strategies so as reach more MSEs in terms of credit and thus enhancing its growth.
Struktur Corporate Governance, Reputasi Underwriter Dan Initial Public Offering (Ipo) Underpricing Di Indonesia
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Cahyaningrum Bambang Nur 
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji apakah struktur corporate governance perusahaan dan reputasi underwriter mempengaruhi IPO underpricing perusahaan yang go public dengan menggunakan periode tahun 2010-2016. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada pengaruh reputasi underwriter dan struktur corporate governance yaitu komposisi dewan komisaris independen, komite audit dan dewan direksi.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ekspost facto dengan menggunakan dimensi waktu cross sectional study. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah
seluruh perusahaan yang melakukan Initial Public Offering (IPO) di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2010-2016. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 117 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa reputasi underwriter dan dewan direksi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap IPO Underpricing di Indonesia.
Ducting of incoherent scatter radar waves by field-aligned irregularities
Authors: Rietveld Michael T. , Senior Andrew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. We provide an explanation for a mysterious phenomenon
that has been recognized in recent years in European Incoherent Scatter
(EISCAT) UHF incoherent scatter radar (ISR) measurements during many high-power high-frequency (HF) ionospheric pumping experiments. The phenomenon is an apparent
increase in electron density observed above the HF reflection altitude,
extending up to the observable limits usually in the range 400–650 km, as
shown in several publications in recent years. It was shown by Senior et al. (2013) that several examples of these enhanced backscatter could not be
explained by increases in electron density. A summary of characteristics of
the backscatter enhancements is presented as well as the results of a survey
of events. We propose that medium- to large-scale HF-induced field-aligned
irregularities (tens to hundreds of metres scale) act to refract the radar
signals along the magnetic field, thereby acting as a guide so that the
free-space r−2 spreading of the signals no longer applies. The nature of
the irregularities and the physical mechanism of their production by
powerful HF waves is an exciting topic for future research since,
surprisingly, they appear to be preferentially excited by X-mode waves. The
explanation proposed here involving HF-induced irregularities may well apply
to other ISR observations of the ionosphere in the presence of specific
natural irregularities.
Simulation of extreme rainfall and streamflow events in small Mediterranean watersheds with a one-way-coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modelling system
Authors: Camera Corrado , Bruggeman Adriana , Zittis George , Sofokleous Ioannis , Arnault Joël 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Coupled atmospheric–hydrologic systems are increasingly used as instruments for flood forecasting and water management purposes, making the performance of the hydrologic routines a key indicator of the model functionality. This study's objectives were (i) to calibrate the one-way-coupled WRF-Hydro model for simulating extreme events in Cyprus with observed precipitation and (ii) to evaluate the model performance when forced with WRF-downscaled (1×1 km2) re-analysis precipitation data (ERA-Interim). This set-up resembles a realistic modelling chain for forecasting applications and climate projections. Streamflow was modelled during extreme rainfall events that occurred in January 1989 (calibration) and November 1994 (validation) over 22 mountain watersheds. In six watersheds, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies (NSEs) larger than 0.5 were obtained for both events. The WRF-modelled rainfall showed an average NSE of 0.83 for January 1989 and 0.49 for November 1994. Nevertheless, hydrologic simulations of the two events with the WRF-modelled rainfall and the calibrated WRF-Hydro returned negative streamflow NSE for 13 watersheds in January 1989 and for 18 watersheds in November 1994. These results indicate that small differences in amounts or shifts in time or space of modelled rainfall, in comparison with observed precipitation, can strongly modify the hydrologic response of small watersheds to extreme events. Thus, the calibration of WRF-Hydro for small watersheds depends on the availability of observed rainfall with high temporal and spatial resolution. However, the use of modelled precipitation input data will remain important for studying the effect of future extremes on flooding and water resources.
The White Album as Neo-Victorian Fiction of Loss
Authors: Kwong Lucas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile much has been written about Sgt. Pepper's celebration of high Victorian culture, little scholarship, if any, has focused on the White Album's relationship to the late Victorian period. This paper examines The Beatles through the lens of what Victorian studies scholar Stephen Arata has called “fictions of loss,” a body of fin de siècle texts depicting intertwined processes of “national, biological, [and] aesthetic” decline. I argue that the White Album can be read alongside Dracula and She as a “fiction of loss,” revealing the degree to which a sense of “irretrievable decline” returned to haunt Britain in the late Sixties. Indeed, decline and fall comprise one of The Beatles's major concerns, not only because the album documents the band's nascent breakup, but also because it finds the band addressing (and often satirizing) a constellation of fin de siècle themes, newly relevant at midcentury: fears of reverse colonization (“Back In The USSR”); half-ironic fascination with colonial adventurism and “Eastern” enlightenment as correctives to decline (“The Continuing Story of Bungalow Bill,” “Dear Prudence”); Decadent critiques of over-interpretation (“Glass Onion”); nightmares/fantasies of apocalyptic destruction (“Helter Skelter,” “Revolution 9”), and representations of animal bodies (“Piggies,” “Yer Blues”). If Sgt. Pepper consciously invoked Victorian nostalgia, the White Album evokes fin de siècle motifs unconsciously, responding to their resurgence in the Beatles' time.
“Life Goes On” after Occupation: Czechoslovak Beatles Cover Versions after the Prague Spring, 1968–72
Authors: Thurmaier David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis essay examines songs from the Beatles' eponymous double album (the White Album) covered by Czechoslovak musicians between the Soviet invasion in August 1968 that thwarted the culturally and politically progressive “Prague Spring,” and 1972, during which normalization was instituted. The selection of these White Album songs—free of political themes underlying others like “Revolution 1”—parallels encroaching governmental reductions in artistic expression, and connotes a reversal from more progressive Beatles covers released immediately prior to the invasion. Rewritten lyrics and musical arrangements used in these White Album covers also reflect “permitted” styles after the suppression of the Prague Spring.
“You can't shut up me”: The Grey Album as Adaptation
Authors: Decker James M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Grey Album, a 2004 mashup of The Beatles (1968) and The Black Album (2003). Danger Mouse, née Brian Joseph Burton, employs what Hutcheon deems a “participatory mode” to generate an “extended palimpsest” that simultaneously synthesizes its inspirations and creates an album distinct from both sources (33). Further complicating this process are the citations and parodies evident in the generative texts by both the Beatles and Jay-Z. As Danger Mouse reinscribes both The Beatles and The Black Album, so, too, did the Beatles and Jay-Z reimagine their “found” material. In this way, The Grey Album functions as an emblematic example of the cultural mutation and blending that Hutcheon, via Richard Dawkins, finds crucial to adaptation and that underscores the transgenerational persistence of certain archetypal kernels or memes. In mashing up the White and Black albums, then, Danger Mouse infuses both with fresh life by transporting a decades-old album into a vital new context.