bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial disparities in recurrent preterm delivery risk: mediation analysis of prenatal care timing
Authors: Nasiri Khalidha , Moodie Erica E. M. , Abenhaim Haim A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We estimated the degree to which the association between race and spontaneous recurrent preterm delivery is mediated by the timing of the first prenatal care visit.

Methods
A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics Natality Files. We identified 644,576 women with a prior PTB who delivered singleton live neonates between 2011 and 2017. A mediation analysis was conducted using log-binomial regression to evaluate the mediating effect of timing of first prenatal care visit.

Results
During the seven-year period, 349,293 (54.2%) White non-Hispanic women, 131,296 (20.4%) Black non-Hispanic women, 132,367 (20.5%) Hispanic women, and 31,620 (4.9%) Other women had a prior preterm delivery. The risk of late prenatal care initiation was higher in Black non-Hispanic women, Hispanic women, and Other women (women of other racial/ethnic backgrounds) compared to White non-Hispanic women, and the risk of preterm delivery was higher in women with late prenatal care initiation. Between 8 and 15% of the association between race and spontaneous recurrent preterm delivery acted through the delayed timing of the first prenatal care visit.

Conclusions
Racial disparities in spontaneous recurrent preterm delivery rates can be partly, but not primarily, attributed to timing of first prenatal care visit.
A Defense of Non-Representational Constitutionalism: Why Constitutions Need Not Be Representational
Authors: Harel Alon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The standard opinion is that the force of the constitution hinges on the fact that it is willingly endorsed by the people or, at least representative of the people. This Article challenges this view. More specifically, I differentiate between two types of legitimation: representational legitimation and non-representational or reason-based legitimation. While representational legitimation rests on the fact that the constitution is representative of who the people are or what they want, reason-based constitutions are based on the judgement that the constitution is just or, at least grounded in reason. I also show that some of the puzzles in constitutional theory can be resolved by acknowledging the significance of the latter type of legitimation. For instance, I illustrate that constitutions that were not adopted freely by the nations and could not have been characterized as representative of the people such as the German Constitution can still be legitimate. To put it provocatively: the legitimation of a constitution need not rest on the conviction that it represents the people whom it governs; it may simply rest on the belief that it is a good or just constitution. Representational legitimacy is only one form of legitimacy but not the only one.
Chains of influence in Himalayan grammars: Models and interrelations shaping descriptions of Tibeto-Burman languages of Nepal
Authors: Kelly Barbara , Lahaussois Aimée 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper examines comparability of descriptive grammars across typologically different languages. Focusing on the Nepal Himalayas, which has high language diversity that extends beyond areal, genetic, and historical categorization, the paper examines similarities across grammars and the influences motivating these. It reports on the construction and use of a database comprising materials from 18 descriptive grammars of Tibeto-Burman languages of Nepal written over a 30-year period. This includes a small sub-database of metadata noting grammarian linguistic training, career affiliations, and dissertation supervisors and a larger sub-database of fully tagged tables of contents for each of the grammars. The overarching relational database links sections containing similar content, enabling search functions to explore the locations of similar information and feature labels across grammars in the database. While some grammar-features in the corpus reflect broader structural properties across grammars, findings indicate strong local influences. We find evidence of three foundational linguistic “schools” connecting the structural organization of the grammars across multiple generations of linguists, correspondences across chapter titles, sections, as well as school-influenced organization of verbal paradigms, treatment of marginal topics, and terminological choices.
Variation and change in grammatical gender marking: the case of Dutch ethnolects
Authors: Hinskens Frans , van Hout Roeland , Muysken Pieter , van Wijngaarden Ariën 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOur research on variation in the expression of grammatical gender (in determiners and adnominal inflection) in present-day ethnolectal Dutch is based on interactional speech data collected among 10–12 and 18–20-year-old male adolescents with Turkish, Moroccan and non-immigrant Dutch backgrounds, born and raised in the Dutch cities of Amsterdam or Nijmegen. The cities, which both have multicultural demographic profiles, are located in different dialect areas. In the data, the realization of neuter gender appears to vary greatly; in our analyses of this variation linguistic and social parameters were included. With regard to the language-internal conditioning, grammatical and semantic dimensions have been taken into account. Apart from the speakers’ age and city of residence, the social dimensions also include background of both the speaker and the interlocutor. The outcomes shed light on three aspects. As regards conditioning factors, L1 substrates, processes of L2 acquisition of the first generations of migrants, and surrounding regional variation all play a role. As regards the place of ethnolectal variation in the speakers’ verbal repertoires, we found evidence for a stylistic role of variable gender assignment in determiners. Our data do not support the hypothesis of the cross-over of ethnolectal changes in Dutch grammatical gender marking to speakers without an immigrant background.
Teotitlán Zapotec: An ‘activizing’ language
Authors: Uchihara Hiroto , Gutiérrez Ambrocio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSome languages tend to derive intransitive verbs from transitive verbs, while others tend to derive transitive verbs from intransitive verbs. In this paper, we will argue that Teotitlán Zapotec, an Otomanguean language spoken in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, represents an extreme case of a transitivizing language: the transitive counterpart is almost always morphologically more complex, not only in the anticausative/causative alternations, but also in passive/active alternations, thus, an ‘activizing’ language.
The crystal structure of 1-phenyl-N-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-dimethylformamide (1/1) C22H10Br4N4O3S
Authors: Baashen Mohammed A. , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M. , El-Hiti Gamal A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
C22H10Br4N4O3S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.3725(6) Å, b = 20.0436(12) Å, c = 15.3281(11) Å, β = 102.896(6)°, V = 2806.9(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0575, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1566, T = 296 K.
„Mehr als Substitution“ – Notwendigkeit von Harm Reduction-Maßnahmen für Drogenkonsumierende in Haft
Authors: Jamin Daniela , Stöver Heino 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
In Gefängnissen sind Personen, die Drogen gebrauchen, im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung überdurchschnittlich häufig vertreten. Der Konsum illegaler Substanzen, insbesondere von Opioiden, geht insbesondere im Setting Haft mit hohen physischen und psychischen Gesundheitsrisiken einher. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Konsumprävalenzen, existierende Maßnahmen im Strafvollzug sowie mögliche Maßnahmen zur Schadensminimierung in Haft und bei Haftentlassung.
Integration von Tabakentwöhnung in die Gesundheitsversorgung
Authors: Dogar Omara , Mdege Noreen Dadirai 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Weltweit leben vier von fünf Tabakkonsument*innen in wirtschaftlich sich entwickelnden Ländern, die einer enormen Belastung durch Tuberkulose und HIV-Erkrankungen ausgesetzt sind. Tuberkulose- oder HIV-Patient*innen, die rauchen, leiden trotz Behandlung unter schlechteren Prognosen. Verhaltensinterventionen zur Tabakentwöhnung sind in der routinemäßigen Gesundheitsversorgung eine Herausforderung. Qualität der Vermittlung und Patientenbindung müssen verbessert werden.
Ist das Cannabisverbot hilfreich für die suchtpräventive Arbeit?
Authors: Schlömer Hermann , Kalke Jens 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer Literaturrecherche sowie einer Befragung von Fachkräften der Suchtprävention zur präventiven Nützlichkeit des Cannabisverbots vorgestellt. Stellungnahmen, welche die Verbotsvorteile bezweifeln, überwiegen. Modellversuche zur regulierten Cannabisabgabe und verschiedene staatliche Legalisierungsregelungen weltweit sollten für die Gewinnung weiterer empirischer Erkenntnisse über die Wirkungen auf die konkrete suchtpräventive Arbeit genutzt werden.
Gender-transformative Prävention: ein Rahmenkonzept für Tabakentwöhnung
Authors: Klärs Gabriele 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungGeschlecht gilt neben Alter, sozialer Lage und Bildungsstatus als zentrale Variable für gesundheitliche Lage, gesundheitsrelevantes Verhalten sowie subjektives Verständnis von Gesundheit und Krankheit. Tabakentwöhnung in Deutschland ist weitgehend geschlechtsblind bzw. einseitig vergeschlechtlicht. Gender-transformative Prävention bietet einen Handlungsrahmen für Interventionen, die auf die Vermeidung von Geschlechterstereotypen sowie den Abbau von geschlechtsbezogener und gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit gerichtet sind. Wie gender-transformative Tabakentwöhnung gelingen kann, zeigen Beispiele aus den USA und Kanada.
Value-Based Management for Real Estate Developers’ Activities
Authors: Kowalski Michał J. , Kazak Jan K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Real estate development investments are characterized by a high value of projects, which in the event of irregularities in their implementation may result in significant losses for the economy. The lack of tools enabling ongoing control of real estate developers may result in disruptions in the operation of business entities on the real estate market, affecting the proper functioning of many stakeholders. The article proposes a method of measuring value for real estate companies. Accounting principles that regulate financial statements specify that they cannot be used directly to measure the value of a developer. The article proposes examples of corrections to financial statements supporting value measurement. When calculating value management measures, (i) adjustments excluding the impact of asset valuations, (ii) adjustments of settlement negative EVA of the investment phase, (iii) adjustments of advance payment of NPV of the project, and (iv) adjustments of excluding the impact of interest on foreign capital should be made. Examples of using these adjustments in a short-term housing project and a long-term commercial project were presented. The impact of the proposed adjustments on the comparison of formal financial statements and value measures for a large developer listed on the WSE was also discussed.
Effects of ambient air pollution on psychological stress and anxiety disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence
Authors: Trushna Tanwi , Dhiman Vikas , Raj Dharma , Tiwari Rajnarayan R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Ambient air pollution (AAP) is an important risk factor for increased mental health morbidity. Studies have highlighted the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder. However, existing evidence regarding this is largely equivocal. This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to synthesize published evidence to calculate the pooled estimate of the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder.

Content
A systematic bibliographic search was undertaken using PubMed, JGateplus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library for observational human studies published in English till 31st March 2020 reporting the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Meta-analysis was performed adopting a random-effects model using Meta-XL. Of 412 articles retrieved, a total of 30 articles [AAP and anxiety disorders, (n=17, 57%); AAP and psychological stress, (n=9, 30%) and AAP and both psychological stress and anxiety disorders, (n=4, 13%)] fulfilled the inclusion criteria covering a total population of 973,725 individuals. The pooled estimate (OR) of the effects of PM10 on psychological stress was 1.03 [(95% CI: 1.00, 1.05) (p=0.17, I
2=41%)]. The pooled estimate of the effects of NO2 and PM10 on anxiety disorder was 0.93 [(95% CI: 0.89, 0.97) (p=0.91, I
2=0%)] and 0.88 [(95% CI: 0.78, 0.98) (p=0.01, I
2=59%)] respectively. The pooled estimate of the effects of PM2.5 on anxiety Disorder was 0.88 [(95% CI: 0.72, 1.06) (p=0.00, I
2=80%)].

Summary and Outlook
The present study provides the most updated pooled estimate of the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder. Future studies should focus on longitudinal studies conducted in LIC and LMIC countries using uniform and standardized criteria for exposure and outcome assessment as well as robust adjustment for confounders to minimize methodological heterogeneity resulting in reliable and comparable estimation of environmental mental health burden.
Heilsfiktionen
Authors: Strohmaier Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEven in a century so commonly associated with the stage as the Frenchsiècle classique, the theatre’s social, political and religious acceptance as a cultural practice remains highly contested. Hence, the recourse to the seemingly obsolete dramatic genre of the martyr tragedy that both Corneille (Polyeucte,Théodore) and Rotrou (Le véritable Saint Genest) take in the 1640 s must be understood as an attempt to secure a possible alliance between Christian devotion and the stage. Rather than effecting a reconciliation between the two, however, all three plays in question, in their attempt to adapt the martyr play to the emergent aesthetics ofbienséanceandvraisemblance, point to the irredeemable discrepancy of religion and the theatre instead, arousing doubts about the authenticity of conversion and potentially undermining the credibility of martyrdom itself. Small wonder then that the scathing Jansenist critique of the theatre, launched most forcefully by Pierre Nicole, takes this attempt to renew the martyr play as its point of attack. Yet, a closer examination of this polemic reveals that the seemingly stable ground of Christian faith finds itself haunted by the spectre of simulation.
Measuring evolutionary cancer dynamics from genome sequencing, one patient at a time
Authors: Caravagna Giulio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cancers progress through the accumulation of somatic mutations which accrue during tumour evolution, allowing some cells to proliferate in an uncontrolled fashion. This growth process is intimately related to latent evolutionary forces moulding the genetic and epigenetic composition of tumour subpopulations. Understanding cancer requires therefore the understanding of these selective pressures. The adoption of widespread next-generation sequencing technologies opens up for the possibility of measuring molecular profiles of cancers at multiple resolutions, across one or multiple patients. In this review we discuss how cancer genome sequencing data from a single tumour can be used to understand these evolutionary forces, overviewing mathematical models and inferential methods adopted in field of Cancer Evolution.
Pain management in patients undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer – a descriptive study
Authors: Schaller Anne K. C. Söderlund , Peterson Anna , Bäckryd Emmanuel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) experience serious pain related to tumour, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy treatment (RT). Oral mucositis, a painful complication of RT, may require opioid analgesics to control pain.This longitudinal study, during RT but also four weeks post-RT, examines the relationships between oral mucositis, pain, and opioid doses in in HNC patients. The aim was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of an opioid treatment strategy.

Methods
Sixty-three patients with HNC undergoing radiotherapy answered self-reported questionnaires on pain intensity on a 0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS) three times a week. Oral mucositis signs were evaluated using the WHO mucositis index score, ranging from 0 (normal) to 4 (severe), and pharmacological treatment with opioids was registered prospectively once a week. All data were related to given radiation dose, and all outcome measures at each time point therefore relate to the same radiation dose (i.e., not to when the patient was included in the study).

Results
Opioids were used by 78% of the patients. Most of the patients experienced only mild pain (NRS 0–4), although the majority developed mucositis grade 2–4 according to WHO mucositis index. Function-related pain intensity and opioid doses were highest during the sixth week of RT, with 3.67 (0–9) in NRS and 84 (0–430) mg oral morphine equivalents per day (median, range). At that same time point, significant positive correlations were found between the grade of mucositis and pain intensities. Patients with mucositis grade 2–4 were investigated further; in this subgroup, we found that opioid doses did not differ between patients with mild pain and patients with moderate to severe pain. Our multivariate data analysis defined a cluster of patients characterized by the presence of mucositis, cancer site in pharynx, concomitant chemotherapy, and the absence of surgery.

Conclusions
In HNC patients who were followed closely by pain care personnel during and after RT, pain was often satisfactorily alleviated with a structured use of opioids, including stepwise increases of fentanyl patches and oral morphine as needed. However, some patients with oral mucositis grade 2–4 experienced severe pain. Strong opioids, i.e. the third step of the WHO pain ladder, remain the mainstay of analgesic therapy in treating moderate to severe cancer-related pain, including patients with HNC. This real-life study indicates that RT-related pain is not a fatality. A proactive stance, monitoring these patients closely and regularly, is probably crucial in order to achieve good treatment results. Further studies are needed to develop better pain treatment strategies for those patients who develop severe oral mucositis-related pain despite intensive opioid treatment.
What Film Translation can Tell us About the Creation of Meaning, the Role of Accents and Gestures – A Few Essayistic Remarks About Multimodality
Authors: Herbst Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article aims to illustrate some aspects of film dubbing that are of interest to research in cognition and in particular to cognitive linguistics. Dubbed films contain unavoidable discrepancies between the lip movements and (other) gestures perceived visually and the sounds that are heard. Widening the scope to the issue of different accents of speakers, it is argued that multimodal construction grammar should investigate all modes of meaningful communicative behavior but that this does not necessarily imply the postulation of multimodal constructions as such.
Results of Magnetic-Variation Sounding of the Tatar Strait at Two Points on Its Opposite Shores
Authors: Starzhinskii S.S. , Nikiforov V.M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
—Results of magnetic-variation sounding on the opposite shores of the Tatar Strait are presented. The resulting frequency dependences of tippers serve as a basis for 3D inversion carried out using the ModEM software. The inversion yields horizontal and vertical sections of the Tatar Strait in a 400×400×400 km area along the x, y, and z axes, respectively. A conductive zone is revealed near the continental shore, and its central part has an electric resistivity of 0.5 Ohm∙m at a depth of 5–7 km. The zone reaches 20–40 km across and vanishes in the lower crust. Along the shore, an anomaly begins north of the Datta Village and extends to the area south of the town of Sovetskaya Gavan. There is a similar anomaly that is isometric in the horizontal plane and less contrasting, which exists near Sakhalin Island at depths of 8–12 km, where the crust resistivity is 15 Ohm∙m. The position of the anomaly matches the nearby zone of local М = 4–6 earthquakes in the upper crust. At depths greater than 10 km beneath the strait, these anomalies merge and the electrical resistivity increases. In the lower crust and in the upper mantle beneath the strait, the section is characterized by a resistivity of 30–60 Ohm∙m. At depths greater than 100 km, there is a conductive layer submerging beneath the Tatar Strait from the Sea of Okhotsk, with conductive branches running from it beneath the Tatar Strait south and north of the Datta Village. The possible causes of near-shore conductive anomalies are discussed.
The Basal Unit of the Verkhoyansk Sedimentary Complex, Northern Kharaulakh: Lithostratigraphy, Biostratigraphy, and Deposition Environments
Authors: Sennikov N.V. , Khabibulina R.A. , Gonta T.V. , Obut O.T. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
—The origin and biostratigraphic constraints of the Krestyakh conglomerate remain among most controversial issues in the Late Paleozoic history of the Northern Kharaulakh basin. The Krestyakh conglomerate is a sequence of coarse sand to pebble-size sediments at the base of the Late Paleozoic Verkhoyansk clastic complex. According to geological, lithological, and sedimentation data, the Krestyakh conglomerate in the Atyrdakh Formation is composed of debrites i.e., deposits carried by debris flows that fill submarine canyons. The Verkhoyansk clastic deposition began at the middle Visean stage of the Early Carboniferous.
Dynamic multicriteria games' solutions: classical and untraditional approaches
Authors: Реттиева Анна , Rettieva Anna 
Published: December 2020

In this paper the approaches to obtain an optimal behavior in dynamic multicriteria games are constructed. Classical scheme with weighted sum of the criteria and new conceptions of optimal solutions' construction are presented. Dynamic multicriteria bioresorce management problem is considered. Parameters of the model where the equilibria obtained applying traditional or dynamic approaches coincide are obtained.