bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yttrium oxide as a Q-switcher for the near-infrared erbium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Liu Mengli , Liu Wenjun , Liu Ximei , Ouyang Yuyi , Hou Huanran , Lei Ming , Wei Zhiyi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) has been widely used in metal-reinforced composites, microelectronics, waveguide lasers, and high-temperature protective coatings because of its good physical and photoelectric properties. However, few studies have been done on the nonlinear optical applications of Y2O3 as saturable absorbers (SAs) in fiber lasers so far. Here, a passively Q-switched near-infrared fiber laser using Y2O3 as a Q-switching device is demonstrated. The optical nonlinear properties of the Y2O3 SA prepared by the magnetron sputtering method were measured by the twin-detector measurement technique, and the modulation depth of the proposed Y2O3 SA was found to be 46.43%. The achieved Q-switched laser delivers an average output power of 26 mW at 1530 nm with a pulse duration of 592.7 ns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the optical nonlinearity of Y2O3 as a Q-switcher for the near-infrared fiber laser, which may deepen the understanding of the optical nonlinear properties of Y2O3 and make inroads into the potential market of optical modulation and optoelectronic devices.
Crystal structure of (E)-4-((4-chlorophenylimino)methyl)pyridinium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, C19H13ClN4O6
Authors: Akintayo Damilola Caleb , Zamisa Sizwe J. , Omondi Bernard , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
C19H13ClN4O6, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 4.8032(1) Å, b = 19.5545(5) Å, c = 19.6915(6) Å, β = 90.640(1)°, V = 1849.39(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0369, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1011, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of 3-(1-benzyl-2-ethyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-ylthio)-propanoic acid, C15H17N3O4S
Authors: Al-Qawasmeh Raed A. , Al-Soud Yaseen A. , Alhelal Kafa’ A. S. , Khanfar Monther A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
C15H17N3O4S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.7938(5) Å, b = 10.3071(4) Å, c = 18.0413(7) Å, β = 79.704(5)°, V = 1608.91(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0535, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1447, T = 293(2) K.
Micropropagation, Callus Induction and Regeneration of Ginger (Zingiber officinaleRosc.)
Authors: Miri Seied Mehdi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study describes a protocol for micro-propagation, callus induction, and shoot regeneration of ginger (Zingiber officinale). The rhizomes were surface-sterilized with ethanol (70%) for 45 s, sodium hypochlorite (2.5%) for 10 min, and mercuric chloride (0.1%) for 10 min. Multiple shoots were induced from sprouting bud explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) combined with kinetin (Kin). The maximum shoot number was obtained from MS medium containing 10 mg/l BA with a mean of 20.6 shoots per explant. The leaf explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), Dicamba, or BA for callus culture. Green-red compact calli were induced using 2,4-D, Dicamba or BA. Also, BA successfully induced plant regeneration. The multiplied shoots that were transferred to the rooting medium (½MS supplemented with 0, 1 and 2 mg/l IAA, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or NAA) showed development of roots (100%). The rooted plantlets were transferred to pots containing a 1:1 mixture of cocopeat and perlite, and acclimatization was successful, resulting in 85% survival of the plantlets in the greenhouse.
“Like a Mother Her Only Child”: Mothering in the Pāli Canon
Authors: Engelmajer Pascale F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper examines mothers and mothering in the Pāli canon and commentaries and contends that a mothering path emerges when the deeply patriarchal traditional hierarchy of values is challenged and, following Karen Derris, the unthoughts related to mothers and mothering, which this hierarchy of values generates, are also challenged. The article focuses on three main female characters, Māyā, Mahāpajāpatī, and Visākhā, whose paths as mothers or as lay followers of the Buddha who “stand in the position of a mother” constitute a deliberate soteriological path in the Pali Buddhist texts. It draws on contemporary Buddhist Studies feminist scholarship (in particular, the work of Karen Derris (2014) and Liz Wilson (2013)) as well as motherhood studies (in particular, Sara Ruddick’s (1989) work based on Adrienne Rich’s (1976) foundational distinction between motherhood as a patriarchal institution that oppresses women and mothering as women’s lived experience to outline how mothering activities in the Pāli canon can be discerned as a soteriological path that follows the same trajectory as the Buddha’s Bodhisatta path that begins with making a solemn vow (patthanā) and ends with awakening (nibbāna). I conclude that adopting this approach allows us to reenvisage activities and relationships usually understood as “this-worldly” in the canonical and commentarial Pāli texts, and in contemporary feminist scholarship, as the embodiment of a soteriology based on interdependence and compassionate care for others.
Solvation heterogeneity in ionic liquids as demonstrated by photo-chemical reactions
Authors: Kimura Yoshifumi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
It has been recognised that ionic liquids (ILs) with long alkyl-chains have a segregated structure due to the inhomogeneous distribution of polar parts and non-polar parts. This inhomogeneity of ILs brings about unique solvation phenomena of solute molecules dissolved in ILs. We have investigated various solvation-state selective phenomena by using laser spectroscopic techniques such as solvation state selective vibrational spectroscopy, translational and rotational dynamics of small molecules in ILs, and solvation state selective fundamental chemical reactions. In this paper, we have reviewed an intramolecular electron transfer (ET) reaction in the Marcus inverted region of N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline and an intramolecular proton transfer (IPT) reaction in 4′-N,N-diethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone as examples of chemical reactions affected by unique solvation in ILs.
The Common Deathwatch Beetle Xestobium rufovillosum (DeGeer, 1774) as a Pest for Paper in Books
Authors: Karbowska-Berent Joanna , Żołowicz Izabela , Jabłońska Elżbieta M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA small repository in a cathedral in Poland, storing severely damaged books, was investigated with regard to insects and fungi. Entomological and microbiological surveys were performed to estimate the extent of the infestation and the microbial deterioration of the books. Most of the books were attacked by insects although to varying degrees. They were damaged by tunnels bored by the larvae and filled with larval faeces. Some living larvae and many dead adult beetles were found in the books or in the frass. The larvae and most of the beetles were identified as the common deathwatch beetle Xestobium rufovillosum (DeGeer, 1774). The development of Xestobium rufovillosum in books is an unusual case and has rarely been mentioned in the literature. Several books in the repository were also covered by microfungi, especially by Chaetomium murorum, Ch. elatum, Myxotrichum chartarum, Stachybotrys atra and Epicoccum nigrum. The temperature in the repository varied, depending on the season of the year (2.6 °C – 26.2 °C), while the relative humidity was high (constantly above 65 %). The concentration of the fungal bioaerosol was very high (4,120 cfu/m3). The article includes a list of recommendations pertaining to the elimination of the microorganisms and insects.
Physical Demands of Elite Women's Ultimate Frisbee Between Halves and Across Matches in an International Tournament
Authors: Palmer Jodie A. , Landers Grant , Buttfield Alec , Polglaze Ted 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Palmer, JA, Landers, G, Buttfield, A, and Polglaze, T. Physical demands of elite women's Ultimate Frisbee between halves and across matches in an international tournament. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 838–844, 2022—To quantify the physical match demands of elite women's Ultimate Frisbee across a tournament, elite female Ultimate players (N = 9) from the Australian Under 24 Women's team wore global positioning system units in all 12 matches of the 2018 Under 24 World Championship competition. Temporal, displacement, and energetic parameters were obtained. Distribution of activity above and below a generic speed threshold (12.42 km·h−1) and its equivalent metabolic power value (16.02 W·kg−1) were determined. Players spent 12:44 ± 6:41 min:s on the field, covered 1,559 ± 741 m and expended 8.95 ± 4.21 kJ·kg−1 during a match. The mean stint duration was 2:00 ± 0:48 min:s, mean bench duration was 13:25 ± 7:05 min:s, and work-to-recovery ratio was 0.22 ± 0.11. Players performed 57 ± 27 high-speed runs per match and 45 ± 20 high-accelerations. Mean match speed was 127 ± 18 m·min−1, mean metabolic power was 12.2 ± 1.7 W·kg−1, and mean intermittency index was 1.24 ± 0.04. No differences were found between halves for any parameters. Compared with the first 4 matches, the last 4 matches were shorter and more intense (p < 0.05). At the international level, Ultimate is an intense and highly intermittent sport, characterized by brief playing stints interspersed with long periods of recovery, which allow playing intensity to be maintained throughout a match and elevated in the latter stages of a tournament. The information gained from this research can be used to guide the creation of Ultimate-specific conditioning programs for elite female players.
Muscle Hypertrophy Response Is Affected by Previous Resistance Training Volume in Trained Individuals
Authors: Scarpelli Maíra C. , Nóbrega Sanmy R. , Santanielo Natalia , Alvarez Ieda F. , Otoboni Gabriele B. , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Libardi Cleiton A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Scarpelli, MC, Nóbrega, SR, Santanielo, N, Alvarez, IF, Otoboni, GB, Ugrinowitsch, C, and Libardi, CA. Muscle hypertrophy response is affected by previous resistance training volume in trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1153–1157, 2022—The purpose of this study was to compare gains in muscle mass of trained individuals after a resistance training (RT) protocol with standardized (i.e., nonindividualized) volume (N-IND), with an RT protocol using individualized volume (IND). In a within-subject approach, 16 subjects had one leg randomly assigned to N-IND (22 sets·wk−1, based on the number of weekly sets prescribed in studies) and IND (1.2 × sets·wk−1 recorded in training logs) protocols. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was assessed by ultrasound imaging at baseline (Pre) and after 8 weeks (Post) of RT, and the significance level was set at p < 0.05. Changes in the vastus lateralis CSA (difference from Pre to Post) were significantly higher for the IND protocol (p = 0.042; mean difference: 1.08 cm2; confidence interval [CI]: 0.04–2.11). The inferential analysis was confirmed by the CI of the effect size (0.75; CI: 0.03–1.47). Also, the IND protocol had a higher proportion of individuals with greater muscle hypertrophy than the typical error of the measurement (chi-square, p = 0.0035; estimated difference = 0.5, CI: 0.212–0.787). In conclusion, individualizing the weekly training volume of research protocols provides greater gains in muscle CSA than prescribing a group standard RT volume.
Everyday Political Whiteness and Diversity University
Authors: Ambikaipaker Mohan 
Published: February 2020

There is a paradoxical situation in higher education today: the discourse around the concept of “diversity” has become widely institutionalized, but advocates of equality still struggle to operate within a broader and deeper racialized political and everyday cultural context that is hostile to their success. A besieged current climate for the hopes and projects of pluralism, social equality, peace, and justice imbues the higher education concept and discourse of diversity with an enhanced aura of progressive institutional value and perhaps even a residual locus of political hope.
The vast majority of academic workers would not, in the abstract principle, object to the general good of diversity and educational pluralism, even as ideological and political currents may differ. Daily encounters with students and face-to-face relationships, in teaching, mentoring, or advising situations, provide many regular opportunities to engage with the lived experiences of diversity but often within an antagonistic context, where hierarchical institutions routinely place inclusion and equality as subordinate priorities in relation to other values, goals, and projects.
As Sara Ahmed notes, “Diversity work is hard because it can involve doing within institutions what would not otherwise be done by them. . . . The social desire to institutionalize diversity does not mean the institution is opened up; indeed, the wall might become all the more apparent, all the more a sign of immobility, the more the institution presents itself as being opened up.” Diversity in higher education is therefore a moral and polemical concept that points to a tacit awareness and often grudging collective recognition, despite the prevailing political mood, that the university as it is currently configured is a place of injustice and inequality and in need of social change.
Direct-acting Anticoagulants in Chronic Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Sorbets Emmanuel , Steg Philippe Gabriel 
Published: February 2020

Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are easier to use, safer than and as effective as vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in the treatment of non-valvular AF (NVAF). Because of their favourable safety profile and easier use than VKAs, DOACs as anti-thrombotic therapy may have a role in the management of chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). To date, few studies have evaluated DOACs in this setting. Initial studies have focused on patients receiving DOACs for NVAF undergoing acute or elective percutaneous coronary intervention who additionally require dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Rivaroxaban 15 mg once daily plus a P2Y12 inhibitor compared with a VKA regimen was associated with a reduction of bleedings (HR 0.59; 95% CI [0.47–0.76]; p<0.001). Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily plus DAPT up to 12 months followed by rivaroxaban 15 mg once daily plus P2Y12 inhibitor showed similar results. Dabigatran 110 mg twice daily plus a P2Y12 inhibitor versus a VKA regimen was associated with a reduction of bleedings (HR 0.52; 95% CI [0.42–0.63]; p<0.001), after a mean follow-up of 14 months. A dabigatran 150 mg regimen showed similar results. Apixaban 5 mg twice daily plus a P2Y12 inhibitor versus a VKA regimen confirmed at 6 months the safety of DOACs with a reduction of bleedings (HR 0.69; 95% CI [0.58–0.81]; p<0.001 for non-inferiority and superiority). Edoxaban 60 mg once daily plus a P2Y12 inhibitor was non-inferior to a VKA regimen on bleeding outcomes (major bleeding or non-major clinically relevant non-major bleeding) after a 12-month follow-up (HR 0.83; 95% CI [0.65–1.05]; p=0.001 for non-inferiority; p=0.1154 for superiority). Meta-analysis of these four trials confirmed the safety of DOACs regarding bleeding outcomes, but showed a trend toward stent thrombosis for dual antithrombotic therapy using DOACs versus triple antithrombotic therapy using VKAs. DOACs may show promise in the management of high-risk patients with chronic coronary syndromes. In these patients, rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily in addition to aspirin was shown to reduce the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, stroke or MI compared to aspirin alone (HR 0.76; 95% CI [0.66–0.86]; p<0.001). All-cause death, cardiovascular death and stroke were also significantly lower. This benefit was at the cost of an increase in non-fatal bleeding.
THE EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL EDUCATION STANDARDS ON ANTECEDENT COMPONENTS IN SPECIAL OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Noviah Ema , Rahayu Wardani 
Published: February 2020

The children's Special Correctional Institution (LPKA) on Tangerang City is one of the institutions that organizes the form of coaching Vocational High School (SMK). Implementation of education in Vocational High School must meet the minimum criteria in accordance with national education standards. Learning planning, educator qualifications and infrastructure is one of the components that exist in the national standard of education. This research aims to evaluate the quality of Lesson Plan (RPP) and assessment, educator qualifications, and infrastructure in the antecedent component of the Concatenate stake model in Special of Vocation High School. This research is an evaluative research with a qualitative approach. The method of data collection used in the form of interviews, documentation studies, and observations with the validity technique of data research results using the credibility by prologue engagement, persistent observation, and member checking. The results showed that educators first did not prioritize Learning Program Planning and its assessment, both lacking facilities of learning infrastructure, and all three educators who did not have a certificate of educators.
Keyword: Antecedent component, evaluation, the children's Special Correctional Institution (LPKA)
Spectral Gamma-Ray Logging
Authors: Brannon H.R. , Osoba J.S. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 207, 1956, pages 30–35.

Abstract
The introduction of the scintillation counter into field use for gamma-ray well logging has provided a new tool with special utility for the determination of natural radioactivity of sediments. Previous subsurface gamma-ray measurements have indicated only the total amount of radioactivity of the sediments. With the scintillation counter, the relative amounts of the elements which emit gamma radiation can be determined. Sediments logged included 35 zones in wells located in the Texas Gulf Coast, East Texas, and West Texas.
Although the data obtained from measurements made to date are not sufficient to evaluate the possibilities of spectral logging, it appears likely that spectral measurements will yield information of geologic value.

Introduction
Although variations in the natural radioactivity of sediments were recognized as early as 1909, the application of such variations to borehole logging was not made until almost 30 years later. A group of Russian workers in the early 1930's were successful in making crude measurements of natural gamma activity in an oil well borehole. The first practical gamma-ray logging system was developed by Howell and Frosch in 1939. Induced radioactivity, or neutron, logging appeared soon after the introduction of gamma-ray logging. After early work had demonstrated the potentialities of radioactivity logging, development of sensitive and stable logging equipment for field use followed, so that neutron and natural gamma logs are now run routinely and have proved to be extremely valuable in characterizing subsurface formations.
Lost Circulation Information With a New Tool for Detecting Zones of Loss
Authors: Bardeen T. , Teplitz A.J. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, Volume 207, 1956, pages 36–41.

Abstract
In the course of an investigation of lost circulation, a new tool has been developed which gives a qualitative measure of the relative velocity between the fluid column in the borehole and the tool. The position of a diaphragm in the side wall of the instrument depends on the flow through the device. This position is established by using the conductive borehole fluid in a potentiometric circuit. The instrument has high sensitivity and can detect changes in velocity as low m 5 ft/min. Lost circulation mud additives do not interfere with the satisfactory performance of the tool.
In a number of circulation losses of the pressure induced type, the instrument has shown that the losses were confined to extremely narrow zones (less than 1 ft), indicating that such ruptures occur in a more or less horizontal rather than vertical plane as has often been assumed.
This pinpointing of the zone of loss is important in remedial procedures since it allows the treatment to be applied directly to the point of loss rather than to the entire open hole.
The device can also be employed for indicating points of entry of water in producing wells.

Introduction
The need for an improved means of locating the positions of lost returns zones became evident during an investigation of lost circulation difficulties in the Gulf Coast area. With instrumentation available at the time, it had been learned that, contrary to common belief, the position of the thief zone responsible for a given loss seldom coincided with the point of bit penetration at the time the loss was encountered. In the majority of cases, the losses were found to be occurring at some distance removed from the bottom of the hole - sometimes as much as a few thousand feet.
The Network Model of Porous Media
Authors: Fatt I. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 207, 1956, pages 144–181.Capillary Pressure CharacteristicsDynamic Properties of a Single Size Tube NetworkDynamic Properties of Networks With Tube Radius Distribution

Abstract
This paper proposes the network of tubes as a model more closely representing real porous media than does the bundle of tubes. Capillary pressure curves are derived from network models and pore size distributions are calculated from these curves. In this way is shown the difference between the true and calculated pore size distributions when the capillary pressure curve is used to obtain pore size distribution for porous media.

Introduction
Despite the technological importance of the laws governing flow through porous media, many of these laws have not yet been clearly formulated. This is especially true of the laws governing multiphase flow. The static properties, such as the capillary pressure curve, are also not at present interpretable correctly in terms of the pore size distribution and other structural properties of porous media. In the absence of any well founded theoretical description of fluid flow through porous media, many empirical descriptions have been proposed. In addition to the strictly empirical flow equations, some equations have been developed rigorously from simple geometrical models of the pore spaces. These equations are only as valid as is the model used in their development. The two models used in the past, the sphere pack and the bundle of tubes, have been too simple, and as a result, the equations derived from them have failed to predict the observed properties. Agreement between theory and observation has been achieved for these models by inserting parameters of doubtful physical significance.