bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging of Injectable Hydrogels Delivered into Myocardium with SPECT/CT
Authors: Uman Selen , Wang Leo L. , Thorn Stephanie L. , Liu Zhao , Duncan James S , Sinusas Albert J. , Burdick Jason A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInjectable hydrogels are being widely explored for treatment after myocardial infarction (MI) through mechanical bulking or the delivery of therapeutics. Despite this interest, there have been few approaches to image hydrogels upon injection to identify their location, volume, and pattern of delivery, features that are important to understand toward clinical translation. Using a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel as an example, the aim of this study is to introduce radiopacity to hydrogels by encapsulating a clinically used contrast agent (Omnipaque Iohexol, GE Healthcare) for imaging upon placement in the myocardium. Specifically, iohexol is encapsulated into shear‐thinning and self‐healing hydrogels formed through the mixing of HA‐hydrazide and HA‐aldehyde. Upon examination of a range of iohexol concentrations, a concentration of 100 mg mL−1 iohexol is deemed optimal based on the greatest contrast, while maintaining hydrogel mechanical properties and acceptable injection forces. In an acute porcine model of MI, hybrid single‐photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) perfusion imaging is performed immediately and 3–4 days after hydrogel delivery to assess radiopacity and verify the hydrogel location within the perfusion defect. Hybrid SPECT/CT imaging demonstrates excellent radiopacity of the hydrogel within the perfusion defect immediately after intramyocardial hydrogel injection, demonstrating the feasibility of this method for short‐term noninvasive hydrogel monitoring.
Development of Cell Spheroids by Advanced Technologies
Authors: Shao Changmin , Chi Junjie , Zhang Hui , Fan Qihui , Zhao Yuanjin , Ye Fangfu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract3D cell culture has been strongly advocated as a highly useful culture technique instead of the traditional 2D cell culture. Specially, spheroids, as the primary mode of 3D cell culture, allow cells to establish a connection between the cell and the extracellular matrix to form a specific 3D structure that better mimics the growing environment of cells in vivo. Benefiting from the emergence of various advanced micromachining platforms, spheroids have received increasing attention in diverse fields. Herein, the combination of the cell spheroid culture with microfluidic technology is reviewed. After concisely introducing the traditional methods for fabricating cell spheroids, an outline of the approaches for preparing cell spheroids using different advanced techniques is given. Then, the various applications of the generated cell spheroids in the field of biomedical engineering are presented and the current limitations, challenges, and future directions are summarized.
Trekking and toddlers: Towards a biocultural analysis of growth among infants and young children in a rural region of the Himalayas
Authors: Quinn Elizabeth A. , Childs Geoff 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesRapid socioeconomic change, associated with development and a growing tourism industry is occurring across the Himalayas. The health impact of this rapid economic development is poorly understood, especially for infants and young children. This study investigated the associations between village level economic differences as indexed by economic development and tourism engagement on infant and young child growth and health in a population of ethnic Tibetans living in the western Himalayas of Nepal.MethodsOne hundred and fifty nine infants and young children (ages 1‐24 months) were enrolled. Anthropometric data (height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness) were collected at a single time point. Village level measurements of tourism and market engagement were incorporated into a scale measuring tourism, healthcare, trail access, agriculture, and involvement in medicinal trade. Village level disease patterns were calculated from morbidity and mortality recalls collected since 2003.ResultsThere were no significant associations between infant weight for age z‐score (WAZ), length for age z‐score (LAZ), or weight‐for‐length for age z‐score (WLZ) and village altitude, village economic development score, or engagement in tourism. Males had significantly higher LAZ, WAZ, and WLZ compared to females; only females showed a decline in LAZ with age. Triceps skinfold thickness z‐score (ZTSF) was inversely associated with village level economic development score in male but not female infants; females ZTSF was positively associated with IYC age.ConclusionsWhile overall size for age indices (WAZ, LAZ, WLZ) were not associated with altitude or village economic development in this population, ZTSF was inversely associated with village economic development in males but not females.
The biogenesis and biology of amyloid β oligomers in the brain
Authors: Ashe Karen Hsiao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe repeated failure of clinical trials targeting the amyloid beta (Aβ) protein has challenged the amyloid cascade hypothesis. In this perspective, I discuss the biogenesis and biology of Aβ, from the arrangement of its atoms to its effects on the human brain. I hope that this analysis will help guide future attempts to home in on this elusive therapeutic target.
Evolution of Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Early Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Irwin David J. , Fedler Janel , Coffey Christopher S. , Caspell‐Garcia Chelsea , Kang Ju Hee , Simuni Tanya , Foroud Tatiana , Toga Arthur W. , Tanner Caroline M. , Kieburtz Karl , Chahine Lana M. , Reimer Alyssa , Hutten Samantha , Weintraub Daniel , Mollenhauer Brit , Galasko Douglas R. , Siderowf Andrew , Marek Kenneth , Trojanowski John Q. , Shaw Leslie M. ,   The Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveWe analyzed the longitudinal profile of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in early Parkinson's disease (PD) compared with healthy controls (HCs) and tested baseline CSF biomarkers for prediction of clinical decline in PD.MethodsAmyloid‐β 1 to 42 (Aβ42), total tau (t‐tau) and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) at the threonine 181 position were measured using the high‐precision Roche Elecsys electrochemiluminescence immunoassay in all available CSF samples from longitudinally studied patients with PD (n = 416) and HCs (n = 192) followed for up to 3 years in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). Longitudinal CSF and clinical data were analyzed with linear‐mixed effects models.ResultsWe found patients with PD had lower CSF t‐tau (median = 157.7 pg/mL; range = 80.9–467.0); p‐tau (median = 13.4 pg/mL; range = 8.0–40.1), and Aβ42 (median = 846.2 pg/mL; range = 238.8–3,707.0) than HCs at baseline (CSF t‐tau median = 173.5 pg/mL; range = 82.0–580.8; p‐tau median = 15.4 pg/mL; range = 8.1–73.6; and Aβ42 median = 926.5 pg/mL; range = 239.1–3,297.0; p < 0.05–0.001) and a moderate‐to‐strong correlation among these biomarkers in both patients with PD and HCs (Rho = 0.50–0.97; p < 0.001). Of the patients with PD, 31.5% had pathologically low levels of CSF Aβ42 at baseline and these patients with PD had lower p‐tau levels (median = 10.8 pg/mL; range = 8.0–32.8) compared with 27.7% of HCs with pathologically low CSF Aβ42 (CSF p‐tau median = 12.8 pg/mL; range 8.2–73.6; p < 0.03). In longitudinal CSF analysis, we found patients with PD had greater decline in CSF Aβ42 (mean difference = −41.83 pg/mL; p = 0.03) and CSF p‐tau (mean difference = −0.38 pg/mL; p = 0.03) at year 3 compared with HCs. Baseline CSF Aβ42 values predicted small but measurable decline on cognitive, autonomic, and motor function in early PD.InterpretationOur data suggest baseline CSF AD biomarkers may have prognostic value in early PD and that the dynamic change of these markers, although modest over a 3‐year period, suggest biomarker profiles in PD may deviate from healthy aging. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:574–587
Reactions in Tirapazamine Induced by the Attachment of Low‐Energy Electrons: Dissociation Versus Roaming of OH
Authors: Arthur‐Baidoo Eugene , Ameixa João , Ziegler Patrick , Ferreira da Silva Filipe , Ončák Milan , Denifl Stephan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTirapazamine (TPZ) has been tested in clinical trials on radio‐chemotherapy due to its potential highly selective toxicity towards hypoxic tumor cells. It was suggested that either the hydroxyl radical or benzotriazinyl radical may form as bioactive radical after the initial reduction of TPZ in solution. In the present work, we studied low‐energy electron attachment to TPZ in the gas phase and investigated the decomposition of the formed TPZ− anion by mass spectrometry. We observed the formation of the (TPZ–OH)− anion accompanied by the dissociation of the hydroxyl radical as by far the most abundant reaction pathway upon attachment of a low‐energy electron. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that NH2 pyramidalization is the key reaction coordinate for the reaction dynamics upon electron attachment. We propose an OH roaming mechanism for other reaction channels observed, in competition with the OH dissociation.
Separation of close‐boiling 2,4‐/2,5‐xylenol isomers from coal tar
Authors: Ke Cong‐Yu , Wei Ying‐Lin , Lu Guo‐Min , Zhang Xiao‐Xia , Sun Wu‐Juan , Tang Xuan , Zhang Qun‐Zheng , Zhang Xun‐Li 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is challenging to separate 2,4‐/2,5‐xylenol isomers with very close boiling points. In the present work, a multistep process for the separation of 2,4‐/2,5‐xylenol isomers from coal tar was investigated, involving alkylation, distillation, and dealkylation. Starting from the selection of suitable catalyst, the operating conditions for alkylation, distillation, and dealkylation were optimized by varying key parameters systematically. Among the four catalysts examined, p‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) showed best performance in terms of conversion and selectivity. Under the optimized alkylation conditions, the yields of 6‐tert‐butyl‐2,4‐xylenol and 4‐tert‐butyl‐2,5‐xylenol were 97.3% and 86.2%, respectively. Following pH adjusted to 7–8 with 10% sodium carbonate and water washing, the minimum reflux ratios during distillation for obtaining 6‐tert‐butyl‐2,4‐xylenol and 4‐tert‐butyl‐2,5‐xylenol were 4 and 12, with product purity of 99.8% and 99.5%, respectively. Under the optimized dealkylation conditions, both yields of 2,4‐xylenol and 2,5‐xylenol reached 99.9%. After recrystallization, the final product purity was over 99.5%. This lab‐scale investigation provides key information for an on‐going pilot‐scale process design.
Influence of the chemical structure of para‐bridged group on the antioxidant behavior of hindered phenol antioxidants in HDPE resin
Authors: Li Cuiqin , Li Yang , Xia Xinxin , Huang Jin , Sun Peng , Zhang Na , Wang Jun , Li Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA hindered phenol antioxidant with rigid para‐bridged group (antioxidant AP) was synthesized to study the effect of the chemical structure on the antioxidant properties of hindered phenol antioxidants in high density polyethylene (HDPE). Antioxidant behavior of series of hindered phenol antioxidants with different para‐bridged groups in HDPE resin was also investigated by the thermal oxidation experiment, the mobility test, and the long‐term accelerated thermal aging test. The results showed that the rigidity of para‐bridged group and the molecule size have the important influences on the antioxidant performance of hindered phenol antioxidants in the HDPE resin, and the antioxidant abilities of antioxidant AP and Irganox 1,330 with the aryl para‐bridged group was superior to Irganox 1,098 and 1.0G dendritic antioxidant with the alkyl para‐bridged group at the same testing conditions. Compared with the hindered phenol antioxidants with alkyl para‐bridged group, the hindered phenol antioxidants with aryl para‐bridged group have better thermal oxygen stability and less mobility in the HDPE resin. Irganox 1,010 with ester groups is prone to hydrolysis to increase the mobility rate in hot water and the migration resistance of hindered phenol antioxidants in n‐hexane. Moreover, the high content of phenolic OH group and the aryl para‐bridged group are favorable for improving the antioxidant performance of hindered phenol antioxidants.
Self‐assembly of telechelic polymers bearing adamantane groups via host‐guest inclusion complexes with cyclodextrin polymer
Authors: Zhou Yingxue , Yang Rongrong , Fan Xiaodong , Sun Mengmeng , He Xinhai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSelf‐assembly and supramolecular inclusion complexations between telechelic polymers bearing one or double adamantane groups and linear poly(β‐cyclodextrin) (P(β‐CD)) were investigated in water. An adamantane (Ada) attached to poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) was prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization using s‐1‐dodecyl‐s″ ‐(α,α′‐dimethyl‐α″‐acetic acid) trithio‐carbonate functionalized Ada with tert‐butyl acrylate, followed by functional modification. Additionally, two Ada groups capped triblock copolymer F127 were obtained via an esterification reaction. The dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscope and 1H 2D NOSEY NMR spectroscopy were conducted to characterize the self‐assembly behaviors. With the inclusion complexation of Ada/CD in 1:1 M ratio in water, the spherical micelles were enlarged at 25°C than that of the adamantyl polymer precursors. Due to the PPO segment of Ada‐F127‐Ada, the micelles aggregation showed temperature dependence from 4 to 37°C for precursor and corresponding inclusion complexation; while in Ada‐PAA/P(β‐CD) system, the hydrodynamic diameters decreased with pH decreasing.
Flash nanoprecipitation with Gd(III)‐based metallosurfactants to fabricate polylactic acid nanoparticles as highly efficient contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Xu Kehan , Wang Mingwei , Tang Weijun , Ding Yun , Hu Aiguo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles coated with Gd(III)‐based metallosurfactants (MS) are prepared using a simple and rapid one‐step method, flash nanoprecipitation (FNP), for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. By co‐assembling the Gd(III)‐based MS and an amphiphilic polymer, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (mPEG‐b‐PCL), PLA cores were rapidly encapsulated to form biocompatible T1 contrast agents with tunable particle size and narrow size distribution. The hydrophobic property of Gd(III)‐based MS were finely tuned to achieve their high loading efficiency. The size of the nanoparticles was easily controlled by tuning the stream velocity, Reynolds number and the amount of the amphiphilic block copolymer during the FNP process. Under the optimized condition, the relaxivity of the nanoparticles was achieved up to 35.39 mM−1 s−1 (at 1.5 T), which is over 8 times of clinically used MRI contrast agents, demonstrating the potential application for MR imaging.
Considerations for large building water quality after extended stagnation
Authors: Proctor Caitlin R. , Rhoads William J. , Keane Tim , Salehi Maryam , Hamilton Kerry , Pieper Kelsey J. , Cwiertny David M. , Prévost Michele , Whelton Andrew J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe unprecedented number of building closures related to the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic is concerning because water stagnation will occur in many buildings that do not have water management plans in place. Stagnant water can have chemical and microbiological contaminants that pose potential health risks to occupants. Health officials, building owners, utilities, and other entities are rapidly developing guidance to address this issue, but the scope, applicability, and details included in the guidance vary widely. To provide a primer of large building water system preventative and remedial strategies, peer‐reviewed, government, industry, and nonprofit literature relevant to water stagnation and decontamination practices for plumbing was synthesized. Preventative practices to help avoid the need for recommissioning (e.g., routine flushing) and specific actions, challenges, and limitations associated with recommissioning were identified and characterized. Considerations for worker and occupant safety were also indicated. The intended audience of this work includes organizations developing guidance.
Convergent Evolution of Fungal Cysteine Dioxygenases
Authors: Flückger Sebastian , Igareta Nico V. , Seebeck Florian P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCupin‐type cysteine dioxygenases (CDOs) are non‐heme iron enzymes that occur in animals, plants, bacteria and in filamentous fungi. In this report, we show that agaricomycetes contain an entirely unrelated type of CDO that emerged by convergent evolution from enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of ergothioneine. The activity of this CDO type is dependent on the ergothioneine precursor N‐α‐trimethylhistidine. The metabolic link between ergothioneine production and cysteine oxidation suggests that the two processes might be part of the same chemical response in fungi, for example against oxidative stress.
ABCC9, NKAPL, and TMEM132C are potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Kang Xiaoning , Jin Lijun , Bai Jie , Zhang Hui , Liu Wei , Wang Zunyi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. The aim of this study is to identify the diagnostic and poor prognostic signatures in TNBC by exploring the aberrant DNA methylation and gene expression. Differential expression and methylation analysis of the TNBC and paracancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas were performed. Gene set enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was used to explore the mechanisms of TNBC. Methylation‐gene expression correlation analysis was performed, and multivariate Cox analysis and receiver operating characteristics analysis were used to further screen the hub genes for TNBC. We identified 1,525 differentially expressed genes and 150 differentially methylated genes between TNBC and paracancer samples. About 96.64% of the methylation sites were located on the CpG island. A total of 17 Gene Ontology biological process terms and 18 signal pathways were significantly enriched. GNG4, GNG11, PENK, MAOA, and AOX1 were identified as the core genes of the PPI network. Methylation‐expression correlations revealed that ABCC9 (cg06951626), NKAPL (cg18675097, cg01031101, and cg17384889), and TMEM132C (cg03530754) showed promise as diagnostic and prognostic markers in TNBC. ABCC9 (cg06951626), NKAPL (cg18675097, cg01031101, and cg17384889), and TMEM132C (cg03530754) were potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in TNBC.
Wael's surgical treatment of intestinal gangrene due to congenital internal hernia: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Doush Wael Mohialddin , Elzein Juhaina Ahmed , Musaad Abdlmagid M. , Abdelaziz Muataz S. , Osman Muataz Ogeal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA high clinical sense of the surgeon is mandatory in unstable deteriorating patients. Usually, a definitive diagnosis through an urgent laparotomy for repair of transmesenteric hernia and resection of gangrenous bowel leads to a successful outcome.
Dermoscopic features of lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei: Distinct aspects depending on disease stage
Authors: Litaiem Noureddine , Chamli Amal , Bacha Takwa , Jones Meriem , Goucha Samia , Rammeh Soumaya , Zeglaoui Faten 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDermoscopy is a useful tool that helps distinguish lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LPDF) from sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. Follicular keratotic plugs (FKP) represent the hallmark of LPDF. Dermoscopic aspect of LPDF changes through the course of the disease.
Graphite Carbon Nitride‐Assisted Ruthenium/Reduced Graphene Oxide as High‐Efficiency Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Wang Tao , Yuan Hongzhi , Zhou Juhong , Jiang Binbin , Gao Yinchun , Wang Laiguo , Pang Tao , Wu Konglin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExploring the high activity and stability of HER electrocatalysts in alkaline media is highly desirable. In this paper, a facile hydrothermal method is proposed for synthesizing the Ru decorated graphite carbon nitride/reduced graphene oxide (Ru‐CN‐rGO), which can be used as efficient electrocatalysts in alkaline media. The optimal Ru‐CN‐rGO (Ru: 4.4 wt%) exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic activity than these of Ru/C and Pt/C, which requires a low overpotential (45 mV) to derive a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope (40.0 mV dec−1) and a large exchange current density (1.13 mA cm−2). More importantly, the obtained Ru‐CN‐rGO exhibits the long‐term stability in alkaline electrolyte. The comparable results reveal that the CN can adjust the electronic structure of Ru, which is beneficial for accelerating the kinetics reaction, resulting in excellent HER performances. This work provides a new strategy for designing the efficient electrocatalyst.
Potential Dental Biofilm Inhibitors: Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry Affords Sugar‐Based Molecules that Target Bacterial Glucosyltransferase
Authors: Hartman Alwin M. , Jumde Varsha R. , Elgaher Walid A. M. , Te Poele Evelien M. , Dijkhuizen Lubbert , Hirsch Anna K. H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe applied dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) to find novel ligands of the bacterial virulence factor glucosyltransferase (GTF) 180. GTFs are the major producers of extracellular polysaccharides, which are important factors in the initiation and development of cariogenic dental biofilms. Following a structure‐based strategy, we designed a series of 36 glucose‐ and maltose‐based acylhydrazones as substrate mimics. Synthesis of the required mono‐ and disaccharide‐based aldehydes set the stage for DCC experiments. Analysis of the dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) by UPLC‐MS revealed major amplification of four compounds in the presence of GTF180. Moreover, we found that derivatives of the glucose‐acceptor maltose at the C1‐hydroxy group act as glucose‐donors and are cleaved by GTF180. The synthesized hits display medium to low binding affinity (KD values of 0.4–10.0 mm) according to surface plasmon resonance. In addition, they were investigated for inhibitory activity in GTF‐activity assays. The early‐stage DCC study reveals that careful design of DCLs opens up easy access to a broad class of novel compounds that can be developed further as potential inhibitors.
Three‐dimensional sound reproduction in vehicle based on data mining technique
Authors: Zhang Maosheng , Hu Ruimin , Jiang Lin 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThree‐dimensional (3D) audio reproduction technique is a hot topic since MPEG proposed a proposal for 3D audio standard in 2012. The present 3D reproduction method is not available in vehicle because the loudspeaker configuration does not meet the requirements of the methods. In this paper, we develop a regression model to reproduce sound pressure in vehicle using a data mining algorithm. A big sound pressure dataset is established based on acoustic theory. We analyze this dataset and propose a stepwise regression model training and testing on this dataset. Both the Mean Square Error and Root Mean Square Error are rather small, and all the residuals such as raw residuals, Pearson Residuals, Studentized residuals, and Standardize residuals are small as well. The experiments indicate that the proposed reproduction system accurately simulates the theoretical sound reproduction system.