bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Pitch‐Angle Distribution in Earth's Magnetotail: Pancake, Cigar, Isotropy, Butterfly, and Rolling‐Pin
Authors: Liu C. M. , Fu H. S. , Liu Y. Y. , Wang Z. , Chen G. , Xu Y. , Chen Z. Z. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractElectron pitch‐angle distributions, including isotropy, pancake, cigar, butterfly, and recently discovered rolling‐pin distributions, are crucial to understanding electron dynamics in the magnetotail. However, occurrence rates of these distributions remain unclear. Here, for the first time, we reveal the occurrence rates of these distributions in the magnetotail by using Cluster data during 2001–2009, with special focus on the newly reported rolling‐pin distribution. We find that percentages of these distributions are 44.7% (isotropy), 31.3% (pancake), 17.5% (cigar), 4.9% (rolling‐pin), and 1.6% (butterfly), respectively. We find that in the XYGSM plane, occurrence rates of these PADs peak near: [XGSM ≈ −11 RE, YGSM ≈ −5 RE] (isotropy), [XGSM ≈ −15 RE, YGSM ≈ −11 RE] (pancake), [XGSM ≈ −11 RE, YGSM ≈ −5 RE] (cigar), [XGSM ≈ −11 RE, YGSM ≈ −3 RE] (rolling‐pin), and [XGSM ≈ −11 RE, YGSM ≈ −4 RE] (butterfly), respectively; and along the r direction, where r is the distance to the center of the Earth in the XYGSM plane, their occurrence rates peak near: −18 RE < r < −12 RE (isotropy), −20 RE < r < −12 RE (pancake), −16 RE < r < −10 RE (cigar), r ≈ −13 RE (rolling‐pin), and −14 RE < r < −10 RE (butterfly), respectively. Such rates indicate that the rolling‐pin and cigar distributions have similar occurrence rates, supporting previous studies suggesting that rolling‐pin distributions arise from cigar distributions. All distributions have maximum occurrences near the equator but at different subregions. We cannot find any statistical correlation between magnetic structures and the rolling‐pin distributions, different from previous studies suggesting a close connection between them.
Influence of Dynamic Ozone Dry Deposition on Ozone Pollution
Authors: Clifton O. E. , Paulot F. , Fiore A. M. , Horowitz L. W. , Correa G. , Baublitz C. B. , Fares S. , Goded I. , Goldstein A. H. , Gruening C. , Hogg A. J. , Loubet B. , Mammarella I. , Munger J. W. , Neil L. , Stella P. , Uddling J. , Vesala T. , Weng E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIdentifying the contributions of chemistry and transport to observed ozone pollution using regional‐to‐global models relies on accurate representation of ozone dry deposition. We use a recently developed configuration of the NOAA GFDL chemistry‐climate model—in which the atmosphere and land are coupled through dry deposition—to investigate the influence of ozone dry deposition on ozone pollution over northern midlatitudes. In our model, deposition pathways are tied to dynamic terrestrial processes, such as photosynthesis and water cycling through the canopy and soil. Small increases in winter deposition due to more process‐based representation of snow and deposition to surfaces reduce hemispheric‐scale ozone throughout the lower troposphere by 5–12 ppb, improving agreement with observations relative to a simulation with the standard configuration for ozone dry deposition. Declining snow cover by the end of the 21st‐century tempers the previously identified influence of rising methane on winter ozone. Dynamic dry deposition changes summer surface ozone by −4 to +7 ppb. While previous studies emphasize the importance of uptake by plant stomata, new diagnostic tracking of depositional pathways reveals a widespread impact of nonstomatal deposition on ozone pollution. Daily variability in both stomatal and nonstomatal deposition contribute to daily variability in ozone pollution. Twenty‐first century changes in summer deposition result from a balance among changes in individual pathways, reflecting differing responses to both high carbon dioxide (through plant physiology versus biomass accumulation) and water availability. Our findings highlight a need for constraints on the processes driving ozone dry deposition to test representation in regional‐to‐global models.
Sixteen overlooked open clusters in the fourth Galactic quadrant
Authors: Perren G. I. , Giorgi E. E. , Moitinho A. , Carraro G. , Pera M. S. , Vázquez R. A. 
Published: April 2020

Aims. This paper has two main objectives: (1) To determine the intrinsic properties of 16 faint and mostly unstudied open clusters in the poorly known sector of the Galaxy at 270° −300° to probe the Milky Way structure in future investigations. (2) To address previously reported systematics in Gaia DR2 parallaxes by comparing the cluster distances derived from photometry with those derived from parallaxes.
Methods. Deep UBVI photometry of 16 open clusters was carried out. Observations were reduced and analyzed in an automatic way using the ASteCA package to obtain individual distances, reddening, masses, ages, and metallicities. Photometric distances were compared to those obtained from a Bayesian analysis of Gaia DR2 parallaxes.
Results. Ten out of the sixteen clusters are true or highly probable open clusters. Two of them are quite young and follow the trace of the Carina Arm and the already detected warp. The remaining clusters are placed in the interarm zone between the Perseus and Carina Arms, as expected for older objects. We found that the cluster van den Berg-Hagen 85 is 7.5 × 109 yr old, which means that it is one of the oldest open clusters detected in our Galaxy so far. The relationship of these ten clusters with the Galaxy structure in the solar neighborhood is discussed. The comparison of distances from photometry and parallaxes data in turn reveals a variable level of disagreement.
Conclusions. Various zero-point corrections for Gaia DR2 parallax data recently reported were considered for a comparison between photometry- and parallax-based distances. The results tend to improve with some of these corrections. Photometric distance analysis suggests an average correction of ∼+0.026 mas (to be added to the parallaxes). The correction may have a more intricate dependence on distance, but addressing this level of detail will require a larger cluster sample.
Anti-lipidemic Effect of Fractions of Peristrophe bivalvis Leaf in NG-nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) Treated Rats
Authors: Aluko Esther Oluwasola , Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo , Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo , Fasanmade Adesoji Adedipe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose The reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability accelerates atherosclerosis development, augments lipolysis, elevates blood pressure and upregulate leukocyte level. This study was designed to examine the biochemical constituents of fractions of Peristrophe bivalvis (PB) leaf, their effect on blood pressure, serum lipid contents and complete blood count in NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertensive rats.
Method Male Wistar rats were grouped into control and hypertensive groups. The hypertensive group was pretreated with 60 mg/kg b.w of L-NAME (L-NAME60) daily for two weeks. They were then randomly sub-grouped into: Hypertensive (H), Hypertensive+n-hexane fraction (HHF), Hypertensive+dichloromethane fraction (HDF), Hypertensive+ethyl acetate fraction (HEF) and Hypertensive+aqueous fraction (HAF) groups. These were orally gavaged with L-NAME60 and L-NAME60+200 mg/kg b.w of fractions of PB respectively, daily for two weeks.
Result The biochemical components analysis of the fractions of PB identified numerous polar and non polar compounds like alkaloids, organic acids and esters. The results showed a significant increase in NO level in HHF and HEF groups compared to H. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very LDL-C were significantly decreased in HAF group compared to H. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased significantly and atherogenic indices decreased significantly in HHF, HDF and HAF groups compared to H, while reduced glutathione level increased significantly in HHF group compared to H. White blood cells count effectively decreased in HEF group compared to H.
Conclusion In brief, the fractions of PB leaf increased HDL-C and NO, and decrease atherogenic indices in L-NAME treated rats.
Outcome of West Syndrome: A Critical Review
Authors: Adhikari Sudhir , Gautam Deepa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWest syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous electro-clinical syndrome starting in early infancy. Short-term goal of therapy is spasm control and with standard hormonal or vigabatrin treatment, spasms can be controlled in 60 to 80% of patients in 2 weeks to 3 months period. Hormonal treatment with oral steroid is an alternative therapy to injectable adrenocorticotropin hormone, especially in low resource areas. Vigabatrin is preferred in tuberous sclerosis patients. Long-term aim of treatment is sustained remission of seizures and better neurodevelopmental outcome. About 50 to 70% of children are spasm free for prolonged duration, but epilepsy with multiple seizure types including Lennox–Gastaut syndrome is evident in 20 to 40% of children in long-term follow-up. Though hypsarrhythmia is helpful for the diagnosis, prognostic role of the resolution of electroencephalographic abnormalities is still uncertain. Seizures can be controlled in 40 to 60% of the patients, but only 12 to 40% children have normal neurodevelopmental outcome and a third of children are left with severe disabilities. Children with unknown etiology and normal development at spasm onset have better clinical outcome. Young age at onset, nonstandard therapy have less favorable outcome. Surgery is helpful for spasm control in patients with structural lesions and refractory spasms even in the absence of structural lesions.
Two-dimensional turbulent flow in a channel of constant width
Authors: Abramov V V , Sumbatyan M A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the classical problem about a flow of viscous incompressible fluid in an infinite channel of constant width. The problem is solved in the two-dimensional case, both in the laminar and turbulent flow regimes, using as a mathematical model the Navier-Stokes equations in terms of vorticity-stream functions. The presented algorithm is a semi-analytical iterative method, based on the construction of special Green’s functions in the form of expansion in a Fourier series over the transverse coordinate for the channel.
Functionally graded prismatic triangular rod under torsion
Authors: Akinlabi E. T. , Mikhin M. N. , Murashkin E. V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the problem of torsion of a growing viscoelastic prismatic rod with integral boundary conditions at the ends. The process of continuous growth under the influence of torque is studied. The distributions of the intensity of tangential stresses at various stages of the building process are investigated. The calculations of the torsion problem of a prismatic rod with a section in the form of a regular triangle are presented.
Wave energy localization near the rough surfaces of piezoelectric waveguide. Near-surface inhomogeneities as a resonator or filter
Authors: Avetisyan A S , Kamalyan A A , Hunanyan A A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Propagation of high-frequency electro-elastic normal wave signal in a composite waveguide is investigated. The roughnesses on a two surfaces of the piezoelectric waveguide are filled with an ideal conductor and ideal dielectric respectively. The both of the influence of surface roughness and the influence non-homogeneity of materials near the surfaces on the process of high frequency electro-elastic normal wave signal propagation, is discussed. The behaviors the frequency characteristics of wave in the composite waveguide at the propagation of normal wave signals numerically are investigated. The problem by the method of virtual cross sections and input of Magneto Elastic Layered System (MELS) hypotheses is solved. It is shown that in a case of not filled roughness of the piezoelectric layer surfaces, only two short wave modes are arise. The filling of the surface roughness with a dielectric or a conductor respectively, leads to the appearance of up to four such wave modes, depending at the wave signal length. The dispersion dependencies for all possible characteristic modes of shear electroelastic waves are given. It is shown that in a case of the propagation of slow waves, on certain wave lengths the silence frequency zones are arise.
On a stability problem of a preliminary compressed console plate
Authors: Belubekyan M V , Belubekyan V M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A rectangular plate with two opposite free edges is considered. One of the remaining edges is clumped and the other is free. It is assumed that the plate is uniformly compressed in the direction fo the two opposite free edges. The commonly adopted solution under the approximation of elongated plate is analyzed. It is established that along this solution, additional solutions exist within same approximation.
Optimal designing of a ribbed cylindrical panel made of composite material
Authors: Belubekyan E V , Poghosyan A G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The shallow open-profile cylindrical shell strengthened in the middle with a stiffener rib and made of orthotropic composite material are considered under internal normal load.
A problem of determination of optimal geometrical and physical parameters of the construction that maximize its rigidity and strength for given overall shell dimensions and fixed weight equal to the weight of a shell of constant thickness is investigated.
The stated optimization problem is reduced to a nonlinear programming problem, which is solved by the deformable polyhedron method in combination with the method of direct search and using the parallel computing package in the Wolfram Mathematic software application.
Numerical examples are given on the basis of which it is shown that the optimal choice of the shell and the rib parameters can substantially increase both the rigidity and strength of the ribbed construction in comparison with the shell of constant thickness of equal weight.
Nonstandard caustics for localized solutions of the 2d shallow water equations with applications to wave propagation and run-up on a shallow beach
Authors: Dobrokhotov S , Nazaikinskii V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The usual semiclassical approximation is not directly applicable to linearized two-dimensional shallow water equations with localized initial data describing long waves (for example, tsunami waves) in a bounded basin of variable depth, because the momentum variables on the geometric optics rays become infinite at the boundary of the region. To obtain asymptotic solutions, one needs to extend the phase space and introduce a modified Maslov canonical operator. The paper gives a brief survey of some results obtained in this direction by the authors and their colleagues.
Forced shift vibrations of stamp on the border of composite half-space with interfacial partially detached thin inclusions from the matrix
Authors: Hakobyan V N , Amirjanyan H A , Dashtoyan L L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article considers shear stationary oscillations of an absolutely rigid stamp with a flat base on the boundary plane of a composite half-space, formed by junction of homogeneous layer and half-space with interphase stripe thin absolutely rigid inclusions, one of the long sides of which is detached from the matrix. It is assumed that the half-space is deformed under the influence of periodically changing concentrated linear loads applied to the stamp and inclusions. A governing system of SIE of the second kind with respect to the amplitudes of the contact stresses acting under the stamp and inclusions, as well as the dislocation of the points of the crack edges, was obtained. Simple formulas are written for determining the intensity coefficients at the end points of cracks and crack opening.
On linear wear of a layered base by a system of rough punches
Authors: Kazakov K E , Kurdina S P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to solving the problem of linear wear of a base with a nonuniform coating by a system of punches with complex base profile. Such coatings can be obtained, for example, using additive manufacturing technology. It is shown that to this end it is necessary to study and construct a solution to the system of mixed integral equations with additional conditions, which include several rapidly changing functions, since the punches can have a complex shape, and the coating nonuniformity can be described even by a discontinuous function. In the constructed solution, the functions related to the properties of the coating and the forms of the dies are explicitly identified, which allows efficient and accurate calculations.
On the flat interaction of foundations and punches with complex forms of contacting surfaces
Authors: Kazakov K E , Sahakyan A A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Current work is devoted to solving the problem of the action of an arbitrary system of punches on a coated base in the case of plane strain. It is assumed that all the punches are different and their shapes and coating thickness can be described by complex rapidly changing functions. In this case the classical methods are ineffective and it is necessary to use a special approach, which consists in highlighting the features of the individual terms and factors and further application of the A.V. Manzhirov generalized projection method.
The determining of stressed state in the elastic body with a broken line shaped inclusion when the harmonic oscillations of the longitudinal shear
Authors: Litvin O V , Popov V G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The problem the determining of stressed state in the vicinity of the tunnel rigid inclusion when it’s cross-section a broken is considered. The inclusion is located in an infinite elastic medium and harmonic shear force impacts on it. It is supposed the inclusion is fully coupled with the medium. The problem is reduced to the solution of at system singular integral equations with fixed singularities. A numerical method of the solving of this system with regard to true asymptotic of the unknown functions is developed.
Critical stresses determination in case of pore formation for coarse- and ultrafine-grained Al-6101 under static tension
Authors: Magomedova D K , Efimov M A , Churakova A A , Ryabokon D V , Gunderov D V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The stress-strain diagrams and the distribution of triaxial stresses, taking into account the difference in geometry for various structural states in Al-6101 under static loading, are analyzed in this paper.
Compliance functions for a thermoelastic FGM coated half-plane with incomplete adhesion between the coating and substrate
Authors: Volkov S S , Vasiliev A S , Aizikovich S M , Sadyrin E V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A thermoelastic half-plane with a functionally graded thermoelastic coating with arbitrary independently varying properties in depth is considered. The coating and the substrate are assumed to be imperfectly bonded (incomplete adhesion between the layers). Arbitrary distributed static thermomechanical loading is applied to the surface. The paper addresses to the construction and analysis of the compliance functions. These functions describing the linear correspondence between the Fourier transformations of the surface distribution of normal stresses, tangential stresses and heat flux on one side and displacements and temperature difference on the other side. Asymptotic analysis of the compliance functions is provided as well as the numerical results illustrating the difference between homogeneous and functionally graded coatings and the dependence at the coefficient describing the degree of imperfection of the coating-substrate bonding.
Simulation of the shape deflection for the spherical shell of the space calibration-adjustment spacecraft
Authors: Zarubin V S , Zimin V N , Kuvyrkin G N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The spherical shell made with high accuracy is one of the possible geometric shapes for passive orbital signal repeaters and calibration-adjustment spacecrafts used to determine the energy potential of the radar channel of the ground-based complex needed to control the space object motion. Under the solar radiation, an uneven temperature distribution over the surface of such a shell causing a deviation of its shape from the spherical one occurs. To determine these deviations, the steady-state temperature distribution for the shell with a fixed orientation relative to the Sun obtained by solving the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind is used. A quantitative analysis of the possible alignment of a quasi-stationary distribution of the shell temperature in case of the shell rotation with a constant angular velocity around the axis perpendicular to the direction to the Sun is carried out.
Simulation of the temperature state of the spacecraft shell in the shadow part of the orbit
Authors: Zarubin V S , Zimin V N , Savelyeva I Yu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The thermal model describing the steady-state temperature state of the aluminized polymer spherical shell for the calibration spacecraft located in the shadow part of the Earth orbit is constructed. This model takes into account transfer of the thermal energy in the shell cavity by means of radiation and allows us to formulate the dependence of the temperature distribution over the shell surface on the spacecraft height above the Earth and on the radiation coefficients of the outer and inner surfaces of the shell. The quantitative analysis of the obtained dependence showed that when the mentioned radiation coefficients were increased, the temperature distribution would equalized over the shell surface. At the same time, the isothermal section of the shell with the lowest temperature located on the opposite from the Earth side of the shell was remained. When the spacecraft height above the Earth increases the area of isothermal section will increase, too, and a significant reduction of the average temperature will have place. This fact must be considered when estimating the availability of the used polymer material of the shell.
Comparison of Biogas Productivity in Thermophilic and Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Bioethanol Liquid Waste
Authors: Wardani N A , Afiqah N , Azis M M , Budhijanto W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Most of the anaerobic digesters in Indonesia are run under mesophilic conditions because the Indonesian climate is sufficiently pleasant to maintain mesophilic conditions easily. On the other hand, thermophilic anaerobic digestion offers an advantage of a much higher biogas production rate, although it needs more tedious control and energy supply to achieve the thermophilic temperature of 50-60°C. We run laboratory-scale experiments to compare the process performance of anaerobic digestion of bioethanol liquid waste (vinasse) at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Inoculum on this test using digested cow manure. Start-up was conducted with only the inoculum inside the reactors. After the reactor passed through the starvation period, the vinasse feeding was started. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was gradually decreasing from 60, 42, until 30 days. Each step of HRT took 7 up to 14 days for stabilization. At the same HRT, thermophilic reactors produced biogas at the rate of four times faster than the mesophilic reactors. The methane concentration in the biogas for the thermophilic process was relatively the same as the mesophilic one. With such a higher rate of biogas production, the energy cost for thermophilic can be possibly better compensated.