bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced lithium-ion battery performance with a novel composite anode: S-doped graphene oxide, polypyrrole, and fumed silica
Authors: Al-Bujasim Mohammed , Gencten Metin , Donmez Koray Bahadır , Arvas Melih B , Karatepe Nilgun , Sahin Yucel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work, a novel composite anode material was developed, utilizing S-doped graphene oxide (SGO), polypyrrole (PPy), and fumed silica to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The chronoamperometric approach was used to produce SGO, while the chemical method was employed to synthesize PPy. A composite of SGO, PPy, and fumed silica was prepared as an anode for a half-cell, using two samples: one with a high PPy ratio (S1) and the other with a low PPy ratio (S2) and compared the results with bare sample (S0). The S1 sample exhibited a good initial discharge capacity (648 mAh g−1), with capacities of 207 and 131 mAh g−1 at 5 C and 10 C, respectively. S1 and S2 also demonstrated superior cycling stability at a high current (100 cycles at 10 C), with a retention capacity of 99 and 87%, respectively compared with S0 which retained only 68%. Coin-type full cells with S1 as the anode and LiFePO4 (LFP) as the cathode were assembled and compared with commercial graphite anodes. The S1 full cell showed a high reversible capacity (164 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C), with a capacity retention of 66% after 100 cycles at 10 C. At the same time, the graphite anode exhibited a reversible capacity of 133 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, with a capacity retention of 58% after 100 cycles at 10 C. The S1 full cell achieved a gravimetric energy density of 164 W h kg−1 at 0.1 C and 49 W h kg−1 at 10 C, which is 25% greater than that of the graphite full cell(39 W h kg−1 ) at 10 C. These distinguishing characteristics of S1 make it a viable substitute for graphite as a high-performance anode material in LIBs, opening the possibility for devices with reliable battery systems.
High performance Mg–Li dual metal-ion batteries based on highly pseudocapacitive hierarchical TiO2-B nanosheet assembled spheres cathodes
Authors: Vincent Mewin , Avvaru Venkata Sai , Haranczyk Maciej , Etacheri Vinodkumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although Mg–Li dual metal-ion batteries are proposed as a superior system that unite safety of Mg-batteries and performance of Li-ion based systems, its practical implantation is limited due to the lack of reliable high-performance cathodes. Herein, we report a high-performance Mg–Li dual metal-ion battery system based on highly pseudocapacitive hierarchical TiO2-B nanosheet assembled spheres (NS) cathode. This 2D cathode displayed exceptional pseudocapacitance (a maximum of 93%) specific capacity (303 mAh g −1 at 25 mA g−1 ), rate performance (210 mAh g −1 at 1 A g−1 ), consistent cycling (retain ∼100% capacity for 3000 cycles at 1 A g−1 ), Coulombic efficiency (nearly 100%) and fast-charging (∼12.1 min). These properties are remarkably dominant to the existing Mg-Li dual metal-ion battery cathodes. Spectroscopic and microscopic mechanistic studies confirmed negligible structural changes during charge-discharge cycles of the TiO2-B nanosheet assembled spheres electrodes. Exceptional electrochemical properties of the 2D electrode is ascribed to remarkable pseudocapacitive Mg–Li dual metal-ion diffusion via the numerous nanointerfaces of TiO2-B caused by its hierarchical microstrucrure. Large surface area, nanosheet morphology, mesoporous structure and ultrathin nature also acted as secondary factors facilitating improved electrode-electrolyte contact. Demonstrated approach of pseudocapacitive type Mg-Li dual metal-ion intercalation through hierarchical nanointerfaces may be further utilized for the designing of numerous top-notch electrode materials for futuristic Mg–Li dual metal-ion batteries.
Investigation of EMI-shielding properties of buckypaper manufactured with an easily scalable method
Authors: Nuriakhmetov Zaur , Chernousov Yuri , Smovzh Dmitry , Andryushchenko Vladimir 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a straightforward and easily scalable method for producing buckypapers. These thin films consist of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) dispersed on a PET substrate using an airbrushing technique, followed by solvent evaporation. Notably, this process requires minimal equipment complexity. The study investigates the electrical properties of buckypapers made from both purified and unpurified SWCNTs, as well as chemical vapor deposition graphene. Specifically, we focus on their electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness in the S-band of microwaves (2–4 GHz). To evaluate this, we installed buckypaper and graphene plates within a waveguide cross section. The results show that these buckypapers exhibit high overall shielding effectiveness. It is found that buckypapers based on purified carbon nanotubes have higher shielding parameters (due higher electrical conductivity measured by TRL method) than those based on unpurified CNTs. In summary, our approach offers a practical route for manufacturing effective EMI shielding materials, with potential applications in various technological domains.
Anatomy-based diffusion-weighted MRI quality metric: a proof-of-concept for deriving accurate muscle fiber orientation
Authors: Shusharina Nadya , Kaza Evangelia , Lam Miranda B , Maier Stephan E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) is used to quantitatively characterize the microscopic structure of muscle through anisotropic water diffusion in soft tissue. Applications such as tumor propagation modeling require precise detection of muscle fiber orientation. That is, the direction along the fibers that coincides with the direction of the principal eigenvector of the diffusion tensor reconstructed from DW-MRI data. For clinical applications, the quality of image data is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that must be achieved within the appropriate scan time. The acquisition protocol must therefore be optimized. This implies the need for SNR criteria that match the data quality of the application. Approach. Muscles with known structural heterogeneity, e.g. bipennate muscles such as the rectus femoris in the thigh, provide a natural quality benchmark to determine accuracy of inferred fiber orientation at different scan parameters. In this study, we analyze DW-MR images of the thigh of a healthy volunteer at different SNRs and use PCA to identify subsets of voxels with different directions of diffusion tensor eigenvectors corresponding to different pennate angles. We propose to use the separation index of spatial co-localization of the clustered eigenvectors as a quality metric for fiber orientation detection. Main results. The clustering in the PCA component coordinates can be translated to the separation of the two compartments of the bipennate muscle on either side of the central tendon according to the pennate angle. The separation index reflects the degree of the separation and is a function of SNR. Significance. Because the separation index allows joint estimation of spatial and directional noise in DW-MRI as a single parameter, it will allow future quantitative optimization of DW-MRI soft tissue protocols.
Umbrella-rib-like multi-section three-jawed soft gripper by hybrid pneumatic and magnetic
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Wang Tianye , Pan Baisong , Sun Min , Zhang Guang , Li Jiquan , Jiang Shaofei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dual-response can respond to multiple stimuli and overcome the limitations of a single response, especially in biomimetic applications where large deformations and high stiffness are in high demand. This soft gripper fabricated with a new multi-section design and is a novel dual-response soft actuator that combines silicone and magnetic NdFeB particles, highlighting the advantages of a hybrid pneumatic and magnetic actuation to achieve bending behavior with high efficient and high stiffness at low pressure. The position of the bending center of the soft section is changed by adjusting the internal pressure. Here, an umbrella-rib-like soft actuator is proposed, inspired by the process of umbrella using deployable and foldable mechanisms, an efficient joint is designed for the soft actuator to act like umbrella ribs such that the joint bend-folding location does not change much on the robot for different internal pressures. The design and preparation of this multi-section soft actuator for grippers provides proficiency and wide application in medical, industry and so on.
Tunable mechanical performance of nanoporous energy absorption composite material
Authors: Huang Wei , Bi Yushan , Liu Yifan , Yang Peng , Liu Jiayi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Nanofluidic energy absorption materials (NEAs) represent smart and efficient energy absorption composite materials for the ever-growing application of advanced protective structures. In this paper, an integrated experimental and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study is conducted on the NEAs (ZSM-5/water) to investigate the tunable strategy of mechanical performance and energy absorption by considering the microstructural, mechanical and thermal factors. The results demonstrate that NEAs are an efficient and tunable liquid spring-like volume memory material. Typical NEAs show superior energy absorption capacity, achieving a specific energy absorption (SEA) of 5.17 J cm−3 and an energy absorption ratio of 1.14 J cm−3 per cycle. Compared with the insensitivity of the loading rate, the solid–fluid mass ratio is confirmed to significantly affect the energy absorption performance, with an optimal ratio of approximately 1. Temperature is validated as an effective in situ tunable parameter for NEAs in terms of both infiltration and energy absorption properties, with only a slight effect on exfiltration. The critical infiltration pressure and SEA decrease by 23% and 40% as the temperature increases from 25 °C to 80 °C. The gas–fluid interaction-based energy absorption mechanism under high temperatures is proposed based on the comparison between experimental results and MD simulations. The findings in this study will provide novel material solutions for intelligent energy absorption protective structures.
Enhancing quantum state discrimination with indefinite causal order
Authors: Kechrimparis Spiros , Moran James , Karsa Athena , Lee Changhyoup , Kwon Hyukjoon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The standard quantum state discrimination problem can be understood as a communication scenario involving a sender and a receiver following these three steps: (i) the sender encodes information in pre-agreed quantum states, (ii) sends them over a noiseless channel, and (iii) the receiver decodes the information by performing appropriate measurements on the received states. In a practical setting, however, the channel is not only noisy but often also unknown, thus altering the states and making optimal decoding generally not possible. In this work, we study this noisy discrimination scenario using a protocol based on indefinite causal order. To this end, we consider the quantum switch and define its higher-order generalisations, which we call superswitches. We find that, for certain channels and ensembles, the guessing probability can be significantly improved compared to both single- and multiple-copy state discrimination.
Triadic percolation in computer virus spreading dynamics
Authors: Gao 高 Jie 杰 , Luo 罗 Jianfeng 建锋 , Li 李 Xing 星 , Li 李 Yihong 毅红 , Guo 郭 Zunguang 尊光 , Luo 罗 Xiaofeng 晓峰 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the threats posed by computer viruses have become increasingly diverse and complex. While classic percolation theory provides a novel perspective for analyzing epidemics and information dissemination, it fails to capture the temporal dynamics of these systems and the effects of virus invasion and governmental regulation. Triadic percolation theory, a recent advancement, addresses these limitations. In this paper, we apply this new percolation mechanism to model the diffusion of computer viruses, deriving a precise mathematical formulation of the triadic percolation model and providing an analytical solution of the triadic percolation threshold. Additionally, we investigate the impact of nonlinear transmission probability characteristics on virus propagation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that reducing the network’s average degree (or the positive regulation) or increasing regulatory interventions raises the outbreak threshold for computer viruses while decreasing their final size. Moreover, the study reveals that nonlinear transmission probabilities result in an increased number of solutions for the final size of the computer viruses. Our findings contribute new insights into controlling the spread of computer viruses.
Orbital XY models in moiré superlattices
Authors: Li 李 Yanqi 彦琪 , Wang 王 Yi-Jie 一杰 , Song 宋 Zhi-Da 志达 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Moiré superlattices provide a new platform to engineer various many-body problems. In this work, we consider arrays of quantum dots (QD) realized on semiconductor moiré superlattices with a deep moiré potential. We diagonalize single QD with multiple electrons, and find degenerate ground states serving as local degrees of freedom (qudits) in the superlattice. With a deep moiré potential, the hopping and exchange interaction between nearby QDs become irrelevant, and the direct Coulomb interaction of the density–density type dominates. Therefore, nearby QDs must arrange the spatial densities to optimize the Coulomb energy. When the local Hilbert space has a two-fold orbital degeneracy, we find that a square superlattice realizes an anisotropic XY model, while a triangular superlattice realizes a generalized XY model with geometric frustration.
Experimental measurement of transverse spin dynamics in the nonparaxial focal region
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Raju Cyriac , Naik Dinesh N , Viswanathan Nirmal K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The superposition of complex optical fields in three-dimension is the basis of several non-trivial wave phenomena. Significant among them are the non-uniform (inhomogeneous) polarization distribution and their topological character, leading to the emergence of transverse spin angular momenta (AM) spin–momentum locking, and their dynamics. These aspects are experimentally measured in the nonparaxial focal region of a circularly-polarized Gaussian input beam. A dielectric mirror, kept in the focal region, is axially scanned to obtain the phase and polarization variations in the retroreflected output beam using an interferometer and spatially-resolved Stokes parameter measurements. The identification of phase and polarization singularities in the beam cross-section and their behaviour as a function of the mirror position enabled us to map and study the phase–polarization variations in the nonparaxial focal region. The lemon–monstar type polarization patterns surrounding the C-point singularity in the output beam are identified and tracked to study the transverse spin dynamics and spin–momentum locking for the right- and left- circular polarization of the input beam. Direct measurement of the input beam polarization helicity-independent and helicity-dependent aspects of the transverse and longitudinal spin AM in the nonparaxial focal region are the significant findings reported here. The proposed and demonstrated measurement method allows us to investigate the nonparaxial focal region in more detail and has the potential to unravel other intricate optical field effects.
The association between delirium and falls in older adults in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Eost-Telling Charlotte , McNally Lucy , Yang Yang , Shi Chunhu , Norman Gill , Ahmed Saima , Poku Brenda , Money Annemarie , Hawley-Hague Helen , Todd Chris J , Shenkin Susan Deborah , Vardy Emma R L C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Systematically review and critically appraise the evidence for the association between delirium and falls in community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years.

Methods
We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews databases in April 2023. Standard methods were used to screen, extract data, assess risk of bias (using Newcastle–Ottawa scale), provide a narrative synthesis and, where appropriate, conduct meta-analysis.

Results
We included 8 studies, with at least 3505 unique participants. Five found limited evidence for an association between delirium and subsequent falls: one adjusted study showed an increase in falls (risk ratio 6.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.16–20.53), but the evidence was low certainty. Four non-adjusted studies found no clear effect. Three studies (one with two subgroups treated separately) found some evidence for an association between falls and subsequent delirium: meta-analysis of three adjusted studies showed an increase in delirium (pooled odds ratio 2.01; 95% CI 1.52–2.66); one subgroup of non-adjusted data found no clear effect. Number of falls and fallers were reported in the studies. Four studies and one subgroup were at high risk of bias and one study had some concerns.

Conclusions
We found limited evidence for the association between delirium and falls. More methodologically rigorous research is needed to understand the complex relationship and establish how and why this operates bidirectionally. Studies must consider confounding factors such as dementia, frailty and comorbidity in their design, to identify potential modifying factors involved. Clinicians should be aware of the potential relationship between these common presentations.
Antiviral Use Among Children Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Illness: A Prospective, Multicenter Surveillance Study
Authors: Antoon James W , Amarin Justin Z , Hamdan Olla , Stopczynski Tess , Stewart Laura S , Michaels Marian G , Williams John V , Klein Eileen J , Englund Janet A , Weinberg Geoffrey A , Szilagyi Peter G , Schuster Jennifer E , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Harrison Christopher J , Boom Julie A , Sahni Leila C , Muñoz Flor M , Staat Mary Allen , Schlaudecker Elizabeth P , Chappell James D , Clopper Benjamin R , Moline Heidi L , Campbell Angela P , Spieker Andrew J , Olson Samantha M , Halasa Natasha B 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Guidelines state that all hospitalized children with suspected or confirmed influenza receive prompt treatment with influenza-specific antivirals. We sought to determine the frequency of, and factors associated with, antiviral receipt among hospitalized children.

Methods
We conducted active surveillance of children presenting with fever or respiratory symptoms from 1 December 2016 to 31 March 2020 at 7 pediatric medical centers in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. The cohort consisted of children hospitalized with influenza A or B confirmed by clinical or research testing. The primary outcome was frequency of antiviral receipt during hospitalization. We used logistic regression to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with antiviral receipt.

Results
A total of 1213 children with laboratory-confirmed influenza were included. Overall, 652 children (53.8%) received an antiviral. Roughly 63.0% of children received clinical influenza testing. Among those with clinical testing, 67.4% received an antiviral. Factors associated with higher odds of antiviral receipt included hematologic (aOR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.03–3.02) or oncologic/immunocompromising (aOR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.13–5.11) disorders, prehospitalization antiviral receipt (aOR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.49–3.67), clinical influenza testing (aOR = 3.07; 95% CI = 2.28–4.14), and intensive care unit admission (aOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.02–2.29). Symptom duration &gt;2 days was associated with lower odds of antiviral treatment (aOR = 0.40; 95% CI = .30–.52). Antiviral receipt varied by site with a 5-fold difference across sites.

Conclusions
Almost half of children hospitalized with influenza did not receive antivirals. Additional efforts to understand barriers to guideline adherence are crucial for optimizing care in children hospitalized with influenza.
Independent FDA Analyses of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Resistance in the Phase 2/3 Trials EPIC-HR and EPIC-SR
Authors: Rawson Jonathan M O , Donaldson Eric F , O’Rear Julian J , Harrington Patrick R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
PAXLOVID consists of nirmatrelvir, an inhibitor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro), copackaged with ritonavir, a pharmacokinetic enhancer. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir received emergency use authorization in the United States in 2021 and was approved in 2023. However, there is limited published information on SARS-CoV-2 clinical resistance to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.

Methods
To investigate SARS-CoV-2 resistance development to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in treated patients, we analyzed baseline and matching post-baseline SARS-CoV-2 next-generation sequencing data from 1862 participants (912 nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, 950 placebo) in Evaluation of Protease Inhibition for COVID-19 in High-Risk Patients (EPIC-HR) and Evaluation of Protease Inhibition for COVID-19 in Standard-Risk Patients (EPIC-SR), which were Phase 2/3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in participants with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Potential resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) were defined as those that were enriched in nirmatrelvir/ritonavir-treated participants or occurred at Mpro positions of interest, defined using nonclinical data. SARS-CoV-2 sequence databases were analyzed to characterize temporal frequencies of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir RAS in circulating viruses.

Results
In EPIC-HR, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir RAS included Mpro T21I (n = 1), E166V (n = 3), A173T (n = 1), and T304I (n = 1), with E166V being the clearest RAS observed. In EPIC-SR, no RAS were detected. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir RAS were not associated with hospitalization or death. Analyses of SARS-CoV-2 sequence databases did not reveal concerning increases in the frequencies of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir RAS over time.

Conclusions
In clinical trials, emergence of SARS-CoV-2 resistance to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was infrequent (&lt;0.3%–1.1%). Surveillance data currently indicate a low frequency of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir RAS. Collectively, these results provide the most comprehensive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 resistance to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in the clinical setting to date. Viral sequences should continue to be closely monitored to identify the potential emergence of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir-resistant variants.
From bits to bedside: entering the age of digital twins in cardiac electrophysiology
Authors: Bhagirath Pranav , Strocchi Marina , Bishop Martin J , Boyle Patrick M , Plank Gernot 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This State of the Future Review describes and discusses the potential transformative power of digital twins in cardiac electrophysiology. In this ‘big picture’ approach, we explore the evolution of mechanistic modelling based digital twins, their current and immediate clinical applications, and envision a future where continuous updates, advanced calibration, and seamless data integration redefine clinical practice of cardiac electrophysiology. Our aim is to inspire researchers and clinicians to embrace the extraordinary possibilities that digital twins offer in the pursuit of precision medicine.