bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitators and barriers to adherence to gluten‐free diet among adults with celiac disease: a systematic review
Authors: Abu‐Janb N. , Jaana M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoeliac disease (CD) is a chronic, autoimmune disease that prevents individuals from processing gluten, leading to adverse health effects. People with CD should adhere to a gluten‐free diet (GFD); however, adherence rates are well below optimal in adults with CD, ranging between 42% and 91%. To date, limited evidence is available on the nature and magnitude of factors that affect adherence to GFD. The present study aimed to develop a systematic review that critically appraises and synthesises evidence on facilitators and barriers that affect adherence to GFD among adults with CD.MethodsFour databases were searched (Ovid Medline, CINAHL, PsychInfo and Embase) using variant keywords to identify empirical studies meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria. A coding scheme was developed to extract relevant information from each article.ResultsForty articles were included. Grounded in the bioecological theory of development, we synthesised the facilitators and barriers in the literature into a social ecological model with multiple levels: system, community, organisational, interpersonal and individual. The studies varied by design and level of evidence; only one randomised trial was identified. The most significant facilitators include (% of studies): increased education (22.5%); increased knowledge of a GFD (20%); increased intention/self‐regulatory efficacy (17.5%); and coeliac association membership (12.5%). The most significant barriers include: lower knowledge of CD (35%); restaurant/supermarket shopping (30%); poor patient education from practitioner (17.5%); and low intention/motivation to adhere to a GFD (17.5%).ConclusionsImproving knowledge of a GFD, becoming a member of a coeliac association, and improving practitioners’ abilities to educate patients on CD will create opportunities for improved adherence to GFD among adults with CD.
Quality of complementary feeding and its effect on nutritional status in preterm infants: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ribas S. A. , de Rodrigues M. C. C. , Mocellin M. C. , Marques E. S. , da Rosa G. P. C. , Maganha C. R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe first 2 years of life represent a critical phase for growth and development, with the quality of the diet at this stage having repercussions throughout adulthood. The present study aimed to develop an Index for Measuring the Quality of Complementary Feeding (IMQCF) for infants, as well as to evaluate diet quality and its effects on the nutritional status of preterm infants.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted at a Brazilian University Hospital. The data were extracted by care protocol of outpatient preterm infants at 2 years of corrected age (CA). Dietary data were collected from 24‐h recalls. The diet quality was assessed by the IMQCF composed of nine items based on a Brazilian Food Guide for children aged <2 years. Response options were scored 0–100, with scores closer to 100 representing a better quality diet. Association with growth indicators (Z‐scores for weight‐ and length‐for‐age (WAZ and LAZ) were evaluated via tests of mean difference and multiple linear regression.ResultsThe median complementary feeding (CF) score was 72.2 (61.1–77.8) A shorter breastfeeding duration or infant formula use and the early introduction of wheat‐based foods, ultra‐processed foods and cow’s milk in the preterm’s diet were the main factors interfering in the adequacy of diet. There was an association between the quality of the diet score and WAZ (0.44; 95% confidence interval = 0.03–0.85; P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe introduction of poor quality food in the first 2 years of life interfered with the CF quality of preterm infants and can affect nutritional status at 2 years of CA, possibly in the long term.
Good debts, bad debts: Microcredit and managing debt in rural south India
Authors: Carswell Grace , De Neve Geert , Ponnarasu Subramanian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper engages with debates around microcredit, once a development success story, but now much critiqued. Arguing that microcredit can only be understood within the wider context of debt, we draw on ethnographic material from two villages in Tamil Nadu, to examine how microcredit through self‐help groups sits within a broader context of indebtedness among the rural labouring classes. We describe patterns and sources of borrowing among the poor, the ways in which debts are managed, negotiated and settled within households and the ways in which the management of debt is mediated by gender, caste, class and aspiration. The paper calls for a more nuanced understanding of debt: some debts are seen as ‘good’ and others as ‘bad’. We explore the ways in which microcredit, channelled through self‐help groups, is—against much contemporary criticism—perceived by women borrowers in our study villages as a source of ‘good debt’ and praised as an enabling factor in their everyday household management as well as in aspirations for mobility and development. We also argue that microcredit can have positive impacts by enabling social investments that enhance status and reduce dependency.
Effect of feeding frequency on the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during the pilot‐scale nursery phase of a superintensive culture in a biofloc system
Authors: Wasielesky Wilson , Bezerra Aline , Poersch Luis , Hoffling Flávia Banderó , Krummenauer Dariano 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFeeding frequencies influence growth and feeding efficiencies and thus knowing the optimal protocol is important to minimize operational costs. The present study evaluated different feeding frequencies during the pilot‐scale nursery phase of a biofloc system: T1 (1 feeding/day), T3 (3 feedings/day), and T6 (6 feedings/day), each with three replicates. In a greenhouse with nine 35 m2 tanks, the postlarvae of Litopenaeus vannamei with a mean weight of 0.037  g were stocked at a density of 2,000 shrimp m−2. Feeding rate was adjusted according to the shrimp biomass. Parameters of water quality, microorganisms, and production performance of shrimp were monitored. The experiment lasted 40 days. Data on the water quality, final weight, survival, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed no differences among the T1, T3, and T6 treatments, respectively (p > .05). The results show that it is possible to reduce the feeding frequency during the nursery phase without affecting the water quality and the growth performance of shrimp.
Purgative/laxative actions of Globularia alypum aqueous extract on gastrointestinal‐physiological function and against loperamide‐induced constipation coupled to oxidative stress and inflammation in rats
Authors: Hajji Najla , Wannes Dalanda , Jabri Mohamed‐Amine , Rtibi Kais , Tounsi Haifa , Abdellaoui Afifa , Sebai Hichem 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic constipation is a gastrointestinal functional disorder which affects patient quality of life. Therefore, many studies were oriented to search herbal laxative agents. In this study, we investigated the effect of Globularia alypum L. leaves aqueous extract (GAAE) against loperamide (LOP)‐produced constipation.MethodsAnimals were given LOP (3 mg/kg, b.w., i.p.) and GAAE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) or yohimbine (2 mg/kg, b.w., i.p.), simultaneously, for 1 week. Gastric‐emptying test and intestinal transit were determined. Colon histology was examined, and oxidative status was evaluated using biochemical‐colorimetric methods.Key ResultsGAAE ameliorates significantly gastric emptying (64% to 76.5%) and intestinal transit (66.65% to 84.73%). LOP negatively influenced defecation parameters and generated a stress situation. GAAE administration in contrast ameliorated those parameters and re‐established oxidative balance.ConclusionGAAE showed a modest action against oxidative stress and decreased LOP effect and thereby can be considered a pharmacological agent in constipation.
Reflections on Modeling Poliovirus Transmission and the Polio Eradication Endgame
Authors: Thompson Kimberly M. , Kalkowska Dominika A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) partners engaged modelers during the past nearly 20 years to support strategy and policy discussions and decisions, and to provide estimates of the risks, costs, and benefits of different options for managing the polio endgame. Limited efforts to date provided insights related to the validation of the models used for GPEI strategy and policy decisions. However, modeling results only influenced decisions in some cases, with other factors carrying more weight in many key decisions. In addition, the results from multiple modeling groups do not always agree, which supports selection of some strategies and/or policies counter to the recommendations from some modelers but not others. This analysis reflects on our modeling, and summarizes our premises and recommendations, the outcomes of these recommendations, and the implications of key limitations of models with respect to polio endgame strategy. We briefly review the current state of the GPEI given epidemiological experience as of early 2020, which includes failure of the GPEI to deliver on the objectives of its 2013–2018 strategic plan despite full financial support. Looking ahead, we provide context for why the GPEI strategy of global oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) cessation to end all cases of poliomyelitis looks infeasible given the current state of the GPEI and the failure to successfully stop all transmission of serotype 2 live polioviruses within four years of the April–May 2016 coordinated cessation of serotype 2 OPV use in routine immunization.
Post‐exposure rabies prophylaxis for mass bat exposures: Case series and systematic review
Authors: Choe Young June , Teevan Bridget , Smit Michael , Quilliam Daniela , Bandy Utpala , Mermel Leonard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo assess and describe the use of rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) related to mass bat exposures (MBEs) in the literature and in the state of Rhode Island. Data on MBE events occurring between 2010 and 2016 from the Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) were reviewed to determine PEP usage. For comparison, a systematic review was also performed by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science using the keywords ‘rabies,’ ‘bat’ and ‘exposure.’ There were three MBE events in Rhode Island between 2010 and 2016 in which groups of individuals were asleep during the potential exposure. As a result, RIDOH provided PEP to those involved in the event. In a systematic review of 12 published reports, a variety of settings were involved in MBEs: camping sites, a domestic flight, a neonatal intensive care unit and dormitories. The number of potential rabies exposures ranged from five to 1,429 people. PEP recommendations for assessed persons ranged from 0% to 100% across events (median 21%). The variation in PEP recommendations following a MBE may be dependent on medical need, past precedent or preference. Federal guidance for MBE is needed to add clarity and to minimize the variability in PEP recommendations for such events in the future.
Placental fatty acid transport across late gestation in a baboon model of intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Chassen Stephanie S. , Ferchaud‐Roucher Veronique , Palmer Claire , Li Cun , Jansson Thomas , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Powell Theresa L. 
Published: April 2020

Key points
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with perinatal morbidity and increased risk of lifelong disease, including neurodevelopmental impairment.
Fatty acids (FA) are critical for normal brain development, although their transport across the placenta in IUGR pregnancies is poorly understood.
The present study used a baboon model of IUGR (maternal nutrient restriction, MNR) to investigate placental expression of FA transport and binding proteins, and to determine gestational age‐related changes in maternal and fetal plasma FA concentrations.
We found MNR to be associated with increased placental expression of FA binding and transport proteins in late gestation, with fetal plasma FA concentrations that were similar to those of control animals.
The present study is the first to report a profile of fetal and maternal plasma FA concentrations in a baboon model of growth restriction with data that suggest adaptation of placental transport to maintain delivery of critically needed FA.
AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with specific changes in placental transport of amino acids, folate and ions. However, little is known about placental fatty acid (FA) transport in IUGR. We hypothesized that placental FA transport proteins (FATP) and FA binding proteins (FABP) are up‐regulated and fetal plasma FA concentrations are decreased at term in a baboon model of IUGR. Pregnant baboons were fed control or maternal nutrient restricted (MNR) diet (70% of control calories) from gestation day (GD) 30 (term 184 days). Plasma and placental samples were collected at GD120 (control n = 8, MNR n = 9), GD140 (control n = 6, MNR n = 7) and GD170 (control n = 6, MNR n = 6). Placentas were homogenized, and syncytiotrophoblast microvillous plasma membrane (MVM) and basal plasma membranes (BM) were isolated. Protein expression of FABP1, 3, 4 and 5 (homogenate) and FATP2, 4, and 6 (MVM, BM) was determined by Western blotting. FA content in maternal and umbilical vein plasma was measured by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Placental FABP1 and FABP5 expression was increased in MNR compared to controls at GD170, as was MVM FATP2 and FATP6 expression at GD140 and FATP2 expression at GD170. BM FATP4 and FATP6 expression was increased in MNR at GD140. Fetal plasma FA concentrations were similar in controls and MNR. These data suggest the adaptation of placental transport when aiming to maintain delivery of critically needed FAs for fetal growth and brain development.
Effects of Weld Geometry Size on the Pressure-Bearing Capacity of an API X80 LSAW Pipe
Authors: Qiao Gui-ying , Liu Yu-meng , Wang Jun-si , Xiao Fu-ren 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The weld joint is the weakest zone of a longitudinal-seam submerged arc welded (LSAW) pipe, which has great effects on its in-service properties and safety. The weld geometry and shape of the weld joint are important factors that affect the mechanical properties of the pipe. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) finite element models (FEMs) of a large-diameter, heavy-wall API X80 LSAW pipe were established, and the stress distribution of the pipe was calculated to simulate the in-service gas transmission pipeline. Results showed that the stress distribution calculated by both 2D and 3D models are similar. Consequently, the effects of weld geometry, softening of heat affected zone (HAZ), and strength matching of the weld joint on bearing pressure capability of the pipe were analyzed, and the results showed that the bearing pressure capability of the pipe can be improved by controlling these parameters. These results are beneficial in providing references for welding parameter design and improved properties of the X80 LSAW pipe.
What drives large-scale glacier detachments? Insights from Flat Creek glacier, St. Elias Mountains, Alaska
Authors: Jacquemart Mylène , Loso Michael , Leopold Matthias , Welty Ethan , Berthier Etienne , Hansen Jasmine S.S. , Sykes John , Tiampo Kristy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Two large-scale glacier detachments occurred at the peaks of the 2013 and 2015 CE melt seasons, releasing a cumulative 24.4–31.3 × 106 m3 of ice and lithic material from Flat Creek glacier, St. Elias Mountains, Alaska. Both events produced highly mobile and destructive flows with runout distances of more than 11 km. Our results suggest that four main factors led to the initial detachment in 2013: abnormally high meltwater input, an easily erodible glacier bed, inefficient subglacial drainage due to a cold-ice tongue, and increased driving stresses stemming from an internal redistribution of ice after 2011. Under a drastically altered stress regime, the stability of the glacier remained sensitive to water inputs thereafter, culminating in a second detachment in 2015. The similarities with two large detachments in the Aru mountains of Tibet suggest that these detachments were caused by a common mechanism, driven by unusually high meltwater inputs. As meltwater production increases with rising temperatures, the possible increase in frequency of glacier detachments has direct implications for risk management in glaciated regions.
Stacked sills forming a deep melt-mush feeder conduit beneath Axial Seamount
Authors: Carbotte Suzanne M. , Arnulf Adrien , Spiegelman Marc , Lee Michelle , Harding Alistair , Kent Graham , Canales Juan Pablo , Nedimović Mladen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Magmatic systems are composed of melt accumulations and crystal mush that evolve with melt transport, contributing to igneous processes, volcano dynamics, and eruption triggering. Geophysical studies of active volcanoes have revealed details of shallow-level melt reservoirs, but little is known about fine-scale melt distribution at deeper levels dominated by crystal mush. Here, we present new seismic reflection images from Axial Seamount, northeastern Pacific Ocean, revealing a 3–5-km-wide conduit of vertically stacked melt lenses, with near-regular spacing of 300–450 m extending into the inferred mush zone of the mid-to-lower crust. This column of lenses underlies the shallowest melt-rich portion of the upper-crustal magma reservoir, where three dike intrusion and eruption events initiated. The pipe-like zone is similar in geometry and depth extent to the volcano inflation source modeled from geodetic records, and we infer that melt ascent by porous flow focused within the melt lens conduit led to the inflation-triggered eruptions. The multiple near-horizontal lenses are interpreted as melt-rich layers formed via mush compaction, an interpretation supported by one-dimensional numerical models of porous flow in a viscoelastic matrix.
Prevalence of mental health conditions, sensory impairments and physical disability in people with co-occurring intellectual disabilities and autism compared with other people: a cross-sectional total population study in Scotland
Authors: Dunn Kirsty , Rydzewska Ewelina , Fleming Michael , Cooper Sally-Ann 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate prevalence of mental health conditions, sensory impairments and physical disability in children, adults and older adults with co-occurring intellectual disabilities and autism, given its frequent co-occurrence, compared with the general population.DesignWhole country cohort study.SettingGeneral community.Participants5709 people with co-occurring intellectual disabilities and autism, compared with 5 289 694 other people.Outcome measuresRates and ORs with 95% CIs for mental health conditions, visual impairment, hearing impairment and physical disability in people with co-occurring intellectual disabilities and autism compared with other people, adjusted for age, sex and interaction between age and co-occurring intellectual disabilities and autism.ResultsAll four long-term conditions were markedly more common in children, adults and older adults with co-occurring intellectual disabilities and autism compared with other people. For mental health, OR=130.8 (95% CI 117.1 to 146.1); visual impairment OR=65.9 (95% CI 58.7 to 73.9); hearing impairment OR=22.0 (95% CI 19.2 to 25.2); and physical disability OR=157.5 (95% CI 144.6 to 171.7). These ratios are also greater than previously reported for people witheitherintellectual disabilitiesorautism rather than co-occurring intellectual disabilities and autism.ConclusionsWe have quantified the more than double disadvantage for people with co-occurring intellectual disabilities and autism, in terms of additional long-term health conditions. This may well impact on quality of life. It raises challenges for staff working with these people in view of additional complexity in assessments, diagnoses and interventions of additional health conditions, as sensory impairments and mental health conditions in particular, compound with the persons pre-existing communication and cognitive problems in this context. Planning is important, with staff being trained, equipped, resourced and prepared to address the challenge of working for people with these conditions.
Text messages for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: the TextMe2 randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Klimis Harry , Thiagalingam Aravinda , Chow Clara K 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionMobile health may be an effective means of delivering customised individually directed health promotion interventions for cardiovascular disease (CVD) primary prevention. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a lifestyle-focused text messaging programme for primary CVD prevention.Methods and analysisSingle-blind randomised controlled trial with 6 months’ follow-up in 246 patients with moderate-high absolute cardiovascular risk and without coronary heart disease recruited from a rapid access cardiology clinic. Participants will be randomised to receive either usual care or TextMe2 (text message-based prevention programme). The TextMe2 programme provides support, motivation and education on five topics: diet, physical activity, smoking, general cardiovascular health and medication adherence, and is delivered in four text messages per week over 6 months. The primary outcome is change in the proportion of patients who have three or more of five key modifiable risk factors that are uncontrolled (low-density lipoprotein >2.0 mmol/L, systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg, body mass index >24.9 kg/m2, physical activity (less than the equivalent of 150 min of moderate intensity each week), current smoker). Secondary outcomes are changes in single biomedical risk factors, behavioural risk factors, quality of life, depression/anxiety scores, medication adherence, cardiovascular health literacy and hospital readmissions/representations. Analysis will be according to the intention-to-treat principle and full statistical analysis plan developed prior to data lock.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee at Westmead (AU/RED/HREC/17/WMEAD/186). Results will be presented at scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberACTRN12618001153202.