bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a jet and outflow from Sgr A*: a continuum and spectral line study
Authors: Yusef-Zadeh F , Royster M , Wardle M , Cotton W , Kunneriath D , Heywood I , Michail J 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the environment of Sgr A* using spectral and continuum observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and Very Large Array. Our analysis of subarcsecond H30 α, H39 α, H52 α , and H56 α line emission towards Sgr A* confirms the recently published broad-peak ∼500 km s−1 spectrum towards Sgr A*. We also detect emission at more extreme radial velocities peaking near −2500 and 4000 km s−1 within 0.2 arcsec. We then present broad-band radio continuum images at multiple frequencies on scales from arcseconds to arcminutes. A number of elongated continuum structures lie parallel to the Galactic plane, extending from ∼0.4 arcsec to ∼10 arcmin. We note a non-thermal elongated structure on an arcminute scale emanating from Sgr A* at low frequencies between 1 and 1.4 GHz where thermal emission from the minispiral is depressed by optical depth effects. The position angle of this elongated structure and the sense of motion of ionized features with respect to Sgr A* suggest a symmetric, collimated jet emerging from Sgr A* with an opening angle of ∼30○ and a position angle of ∼60○ punching through the medium before accelerating a significant fraction of the orbiting ionized gas to high velocities. The jet with an estimated mass flow rate of ∼1.4 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1 emerges perpendicular to the equatorial plane of the accretion flow near the event horizon of Sgr A* and runs along the Galactic plane. To explain a number of east–west features near Sgr A*, we also consider the possibility of an outflow component with a wider angle launched from the accretion flow at larger radii.
Propagating sample variance uncertainties in redshift calibration: simulations, theory, and application to the COSMOS2015 data
Authors: Sánchez Carles , Raveri Marco , Alarcon Alex , Bernstein Gary M 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Cosmological analyses of galaxy surveys rely on knowledge of the redshift distribution of their galaxy sample. This is usually derived from a spectroscopic and/or many-band photometric calibrator survey of a small patch of sky. The uncertainties in the redshift distribution of the calibrator sample include a contribution from shot noise, or Poisson sampling errors, but, given the small volume they probe, they are dominated by sample variance introduced by large-scale structures. Redshift uncertainties have been shown to constitute one of the leading contributions to systematic uncertainties in cosmological inferences from weak lensing and galaxy clustering, and hence they must be propagated through the analyses. In this work, we study the effects of sample variance on small-area redshift surveys, from theory to simulations to the COSMOS2015 data set. We present a three-step Dirichlet method of resampling a given survey-based redshift calibration distribution to enable the propagation of both shot noise and sample variance uncertainties. The method can accommodate different levels of prior confidence on different redshift sources. This method can be applied to any calibration sample with known redshifts and phenotypes (i.e. cells in a self-organizing map, or some other way of discretizing photometric space), and provides a simple way of propagating prior redshift uncertainties into cosmological analyses. As a worked example, we apply the full scheme to the COSMOS2015 data set, for which we also present a new, principled SOM algorithm designed to handle noisy photometric data. We make available a catalogue of the resulting resamplings of the COSMOS2015 galaxies.
A combined timing/spectral study of IRAS 13224-3809 using XMM–Newton data
Authors: Caballero-García M D , Papadakis I E , Dovčiak M , Bursa M , Svoboda J , Karas V 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the results from an X-ray variability study of IRAS 13224-3809. This is probably the best source for X-ray reverberation studies since it is X-ray bright, extremely variable, and it has been extensively observed with XMM–Newton. We used all the archival XMM–Newton data from the three EPIC cameras (to increase the signal to noise) and, given the many observations of the source, we were able to compute the time lags spectra in three different flux levels/periods. We fitted the time lags and energy spectra, simultaneously, using a new X-ray reverberation code that computes the time-dependent reflection spectra of the disc as a response to an X-ray flash from a point source located on the axis of the black hole (BH) accretion disc (lamp-post geometry). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time for active galactic nuclei that both time lags and energy spectra are fitted by a model simultaneously in different flux periods. The model fits in the case when the BH is rapidly rotating are significantly better than the model fits in the case of a Schwarzschild BH. This result strongly favours the hypothesis of a rotating central BH in this source. We also detect significant variations in the height of the X-ray corona. The X-ray height appears to increase from ∼3–5 gravitational radii when the X-ray luminosity is of the order of ∼1.5–3 per cent of the Eddington limit, up to ∼10 gravitational radii, when the luminosity doubles.
Using atmospheric impact data to model meteoroid close encounters
Authors: Shober P M , Jansen-Sturgeon T , Bland P A , Devillepoix H A R , Sansom E K , Towner M C , Cupák M , Howie R M , Hartig B A D 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Based on telescopic observations of Jupiter-family comets (JFCs), there is predicted to be a paucity of objects at sub-kilometre sizes. However, several bright fireballs and some meteorites have been tenuously linked to the JFC population, showing metre-scale objects do exist in this region. In 2017, the Desert Fireball Network (DFN) observed a grazing fireball that redirected a meteoroid from an Apollo-type orbit to a JFC-like orbit. Using orbital data collected by the DFN, in this study, we have generated an artificial data set of close terrestrial encounters that come within 1.5 lunar distances (LD) of the Earth in the size-range of 0.01–100 kg. This range of objects is typically too small for telescopic surveys to detect, so using atmospheric impact flux data from fireball observations is currently one of the only ways to characterize these close encounters. Based on this model, we predict that within the considered size-range 2.5 × 108 objects ($0.1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total flux) from asteroidal orbits (TJ &gt; 3) are annually sent on to JFC-like orbits (2 &lt; TJ &lt; 3), with a steady-state population of about 8 × 1013 objects. Close encounters with the Earth provide another way to transfer material to the JFC region. Additionally, using our model, we found that approximately 1.96 × 107 objects are sent on to Aten-type orbits and ∼104 objects are ejected from the Solar system annually via a close encounter with the Earth.
Box/peanut-shaped bulges in action space
Authors: Debattista Victor P , Liddicott David J , Khachaturyants Tigran , Beraldo e Silva Leandro 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We introduce the study of box/peanut (B/P) bulges in the action space of the initial axisymmetric system. We explore where populations with different actions end up once a bar forms and a B/P bulge develops. We find that the density bimodality due to the B/P bulge (the X-shape) is better traced by populations with low radial, ${\it J}_{R,0}$, or vertical, ${\it J}_{z,0}$, actions, or high azimuthal action, ${\it J}_{\phi ,0}$. Generally, populations separated by ${\it J}_{R,0}$ have a greater variation in bar strength and vertical heating than those separated by ${\it J}_{z,0}$. While the bar substantially weakens the initial vertical gradient of ${\it J}_{z,0}$, it also drives a strikingly monotonic vertical profile of ${\it J}_{R,0}$. We then use these results to guide us in assigning metallicity to star particles in a pure N-body model. Because stellar metallicity in unbarred galaxies depends on age as well as radial and vertical positions, the initial actions are particularly well suited for assigning metallicities. We argue that assigning metallicities based on single actions, or on positions, results in metallicity distributions inconsistent with those observed in real galaxies. We therefore use all three actions to assign metallicity to an N-body model by comparing with the actions of a star-forming, unbarred simulation. The resulting metallicity distribution is pinched on the vertical axis, has a realistic vertical gradient, and has a stronger X-shape in metal-rich populations, as found in real galaxies.
SPIRou: NIR velocimetry and spectropolarimetry at the CFHT
Authors: Donati J-F , Kouach D , Moutou C , Doyon R , Delfosse X , Artigau E , Baratchart S , Lacombe M , Barrick G , Hébrard G , Bouchy F , Saddlemyer L , Parès L , Rabou P , Micheau Y , Dolon F , Reshetov V , Challita Z , Carmona A , Striebig N , Thibault S , Martioli E , Cook N , Fouqué P , Vermeulen T , Wang S Y , Arnold L , Pepe F , Boisse I , Figueira P , Bouvier J , Ray T P , Feugeade C , Morin J , Alencar S , Hobson M , Castilho B , Udry S , Santos N C , Hernandez O , Benedict T , Vallée P , Gallou G , Dupieux M , Larrieu M , Perruchot S , Sottile R , Moreau F , Usher C , Baril M , Wildi F , Chazelas B , Malo L , Bonfils X , Loop D , Kerley D , Wevers I , Dunn J , Pazder J , Macdonald S , Dubois B , Carrié E , Valentin H , Henault F , Yan C H , Steinmetz T 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
This paper presents an overview of SPIRou, the new-generation near-infrared spectropolarimeter/precision velocimeter recently installed on the 3.6-m Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). Starting from the two main science goals, i.e., the quest for planetary systems around nearby M dwarfs and the study of magnetized star/planet formation, we outline the instrument concept that was designed to efficiently address these forefront topics, and detail the in-lab and on-sky instrument performances measured throughout the intensive testing phase that SPIRou was submitted to before passing the final acceptance review in early 2019 and initiating science observations. With a central position among the newly started programmes, the SPIRou Legacy Survey (SLS) Large Programme was allocated 300 CFHT nights until at least mid 2022. We also briefly describe a few of the first results obtained in the various science topics that SPIRou started investigating, focusing in particular on planetary systems of nearby M dwarfs, transiting exoplanets and their atmospheres, magnetic fields of young stars, but also on alternate science goals like the atmospheres of M dwarfs and the Earth’s atmosphere. We finally conclude on the key role that SPIRou and the CFHT can play in coordination with forthcoming major facilities like the JWST, the ELTs, PLATO, and ARIEL over the decade.
Testing jet geometries and disc–jet coupling in the neutron star LMXB 4U 0614 + 091 with the internal shocks model
Authors: Marino A , Malzac J , Del Santo M , Migliari S , Belmont R , Di Salvo T , Russell D M , Lopez Miralles J , Perucho M , D’Aì A , Iaria R , Burderi L 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Multiwavelength spectral energy distributions of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in the hard state are determined by the emission from a jet, for frequencies up to mid-infrared, and emission from the accretion flow in the optical to X-ray range. In the last years, the flat radio-to-mid-IR spectra of black hole (BH) X-ray binaries was described using the internal shocks model, which assumes that the fluctuations in the velocity of the ejecta along the jet are driven by the fluctuations in the accretion flow, described by the X-ray power density spectrum (PDS). In this work, we attempt to apply this model for the first time to a neutron star (NS) LMXB, i.e. 4U 0614 + 091. We used the multiwavelength data set obtained in 2006, comprising data from radio to X-ray, and applied a model that includes an irradiated disc model for the accretion flow and an updated version of the internal shocks code for the ejection. The new version of the code allows to change the geometry of the jet for the case of non-conical jets. Only two alternative scenarios provide a satisfactory description of the data: using the X-ray PDS but in a non-conical geometry for the jet, or either using a conical geometry but with a ‘flicker-noise’ PDS. Both scenarios would imply some differences with the results obtained with similar models on BH X-ray binaries, shedding light on the possibility that jets in NS and BH binaries might somehow have a different geometry or a different coupling with the accretion flow.
ETHOS – an effective parametrization and classification for structure formation: the non-linear regime at z ≳ 5
Authors: Bohr Sebastian , Zavala Jesús , Cyr-Racine Francis-Yan , Vogelsberger Mark , Bringmann Torsten , Pfrommer Christoph 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We propose two effective parameters that fully characterize galactic-scale structure formation at high redshifts (z ≳ 5) for a variety of dark matter (DM) models that have a primordial cutoff in the matter power spectrum. Our description is within the recently proposed ETHOS framework and includes standard thermal warm DM (WDM) and models with dark acoustic oscillations (DAOs). To define and explore this parameter space, we use high-redshift zoom-in simulations that cover a wide range of non-linear scales from those where DM should behave as CDM (k ∼ 10 h Mpc−1), down to those characterized by the onset of galaxy formation (k ∼ 500 h Mpc−1). We show that the two physically motivated parameters hpeak and kpeak, the amplitude and scale of the first DAO peak, respectively, are sufficient to parametrize the linear matter power spectrum and classify the DM models as belonging to effective non-linear structure formation regions. These are defined by their relative departure from cold DM (kpeak → ∞) and WDM (hpeak = 0) according to the non-linear matter power spectrum and halo mass function. We identify a region where the DAOs still leave a distinct signature from WDM down to z = 5, while a large part of the DAO parameter space is shown to be degenerate with WDM. Our framework can then be used to seamlessly connect a broad class of particle DM models to their structure formation properties at high redshift without the need of additional N-body simulations.
ATM antagonizes NHEJ proteins assembly and DNA-ends synapsis at single-ended DNA double strand breaks
Authors: Britton Sébastien , Chanut Pauline , Delteil Christine , Barboule Nadia , Frit Philippe , Calsou Patrick 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Two DNA repair pathways operate at DNA double strand breaks (DSBs): non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), that requires two adjacent DNA ends for ligation, and homologous recombination (HR), that resects one DNA strand for invasion of a homologous duplex. Faithful repair of replicative single-ended DSBs (seDSBs) is mediated by HR, due to the lack of a second DNA end for end-joining. ATM stimulates resection at such breaks through multiple mechanisms including CtIP phosphorylation, which also promotes removal of the DNA-ends sensor and NHEJ protein Ku. Here, using a new method for imaging the recruitment of the Ku partner DNA-PKcs at DSBs, we uncover an unanticipated role of ATM in removing DNA-PKcs from seDSBs in human cells. Phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs on the ABCDE cluster is necessary not only for DNA-PKcs clearance but also for the subsequent MRE11/CtIP-dependent release of Ku from these breaks. We propose that at seDSBs, ATM activity is necessary for the release of both Ku and DNA-PKcs components of the NHEJ apparatus, and thereby prevents subsequent aberrant interactions between seDSBs accompanied by DNA-PKcs autophosphorylation and detrimental commitment to Lig4-dependent end-joining.
Long-term efficacy of surgical resection with or without adjuvant therapy for treatment of secondary glioblastoma in adults
Authors: Huang Ruoyu , Li Guanzhang , Li Yiming , Wang Yinyan , Yang Pei , Zhang Chuanbao , Wang Zheng , Zhou Dabiao , Zhang Wei , Zhang Zhong , Jiang Tao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
There are limited studies on treatment strategies and associated clinical outcomes in patients with secondary glioblastoma (sGBM). We sought to investigate the prognostic factors and treatment decisions in a retrospective cohort of patients with sGBM.

Methods
One hundred and seventy-one patients with sGBM who met the screening criteria were included in this study. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox survival analysis were used to detect prognostic factors. R (v3.5.0) and SPSS software (v25.0, IBM) were used to perform statistical analyses.

Results
The median overall survival was 303 days (range 23–2237 days) and the median progression-free survival was 229 days (range 33–1964 days) in patients with sGBM. When assessing the relationship between adjuvant treatment outcome and extent of resection (EOR), the results showed that patients underwent gross total resection can benefit from postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but not in patients underwent subtotal resection. In addition, we also found that aggressive adjuvant therapy can significantly improve clinical outcomes of IDH1-mutated patients but no significant prognostic value for IDH1-wildtyped patients. The univariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that EOR, adjuvant therapy, and postoperative Karnofsky Performance Scores were prognostic factors for patients with sGBM, and multivariate COX analysis confirmed that adjuvant therapy and EOR were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions
For patients with sGBM, aggressive postoperative adjuvant therapy after gross total resection was recommended. However, we did not detect a benefit in IDH1-wildtype patients in our cohort.
Exploring ancestral phenotypes and evolutionary development of the mammalian middle ear based on Early Cretaceous Jehol mammals
Authors: Mao Fangyuan , Liu Cunyu , Chase Morgan Hill , Smith Andrew K , Meng Jin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We report a new Cretaceous multituberculate mammal with 3D auditory bones preserved. Along with other fossil and extant mammals, the unequivocal auditory bones display features potentially representing ancestral phenotypes of the mammalian middle ear. These phenotypes show that the ectotympanic and the malleus-incus complex changed notably during their retreating from the dentary at various evolutionary stages and suggest convergent evolution of some features to extant mammals. In contrast, the incudomalleolar joint was conservative in having a braced hinge configuration, which narrows the morphological gap between the quadroarticular jaw joint of non-mammalian cynodonts and the incudomalleolar articulations of extant mammals. The saddle-shaped and abutting malleus-incus complexes in therians and monotremes, respectively, could have evolved from the braced hinge joint independently. The evolutionary changes recorded in the Mesozoic mammals are largely consistent with the middle ear morphogenesis during the ontogeny of extant mammals, supporting the relation between evolution and development.
Does employment protection affect unemployment? A meta-analysis
Authors: Heimberger Philipp 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Despite extensive research efforts, the magnitude of the effect of employment protection legislation (EPL) on unemployment remains unclear. This article applies meta-analysis and meta-regression methods to a unique data set consisting of 881 observations on the effect of EPL on unemployment from 75 studies. Once we control for publication selection bias, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the average effect of EPL on unemployment is zero. The meta-regression analysis, however, reveals that the choice of the EPL variable matters: estimates that build on survey-based EPL variables report a significantly stronger unemployment-increasing impact of EPL than estimates developed using EPL indices based on the OECD’s methodology, where the latter relies on coding information from legal provisions. Furthermore, using multi-year averages of the underlying data tends to dampen the reported unemployment effects of EPL, and product market regulation serves as a significant moderator variable.
Colchicine treatment increases the risk for fetal chromosomal aberrations—an observational study and systematic literature review
Authors: Singer Amihood , Grinshpun-Cohen Julia , Sagi-Dain Lena 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To examine the risk for chromosomal aberrations in fetuses of colchicine-treated patients in a large cohort, and to perform a systematic literature review on the subject.

Methods
For the observational study, a retrospective search was performed through the Ministry of Health computerized database, for all invasive tests performed due to parental colchicine treatment over the years 2003–19. The rate of aberrant karyotypes in pregnancies exposed to colchicine was compared with a local cohort of 2752 normal pregnancies, yielding six (0.2%) karyotype-detectable findings. In addition, a systematic literature search was conducted for studies examining the rate of chromosomal aberrations in pregnancies exposed to colchicine.

Results
The study group consisted of 755 pregnancies karyotyped due to colchicine exposure. A marked decrease due to this indication was noted over the years (i.e. 67 cases in 2003 vs 8 in 2019). Five (0.66%) chromosomal aberrations were noted: 47,XXY; 45,X0; 47,XYY; and two fetuses with trisomy 21. This rate was significantly increased compared with the control population [relative risk 2.2 (95% CI: 1.1, 4.2)]. Literature search yielded four studies encompassing 740 pregnancies. The rate of chromosomal aberrations ranged from ‘none’ (in three studies) up to 1.5%. Quality assessment of the evidence was defined as ‘low’.

Conclusion
The results of our observational study support the concern that colchicine treatment is associated with increased risk for fetal chromosomal aberrations; however, the absolute risk is relatively low (one in 151 pregnancies). This information should be taken into account when considering invasive testing in such pregnancies.
The Promise of Property: Legal Optimism and Collective Efficacy in Chicago’s Urban Agriculture District
Authors: Ela Nate 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article explains how and why community organizers in Chicago’s Englewood neighborhood have found promise in the opportunities that property law provides for addressing community problems. Drawing on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork, it examines the creation of neighborhood institutions for Chicago’s first urban agriculture district. These institutions have been informed by memories of slavery and sharecropping, and of the role played by food production and economic cooperation in struggles for African American self-determination. To keep ownership, use, and benefits of urban farmland local, organizers in Englewood founded a community land trust as a way to cultivate a sense of community ownership and control, and as a way to chip away at the alienation that blocks residents from addressing local problems. Prior studies have linked collective efficacy and residents’ individual sense of ownership; the experience in Englewood points to how collective efficacy could also be fostered by institutions that demonstrate collective, African-American ownership of community resources. The article discusses why organizers and residents in race-class subjugated communities may find promise in the sense of sovereignty and legal agency afforded by property.