bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional outcome in cats with acute severe injuries of the thoracolumbar spinal cord following intensive rehabilitative physiotherapy&nbsp;
Authors: Gallucci Antonella , Dragone Ludovica , Kafaji Tania Al , Menchetti Marika , Magno Sara Del , Gandini Gualtiero 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: literature is lacking data concerning the prognosis in cat suffering from acute thoracolumbar spinal cord lesions on field condition either with or without physiotherapy treatment. We investigated the role of intensive physical rehabilitation training in cats suffering from acute thoracolumbar (TL) spinal cord injury and compared their outcome to the presence/absence of pelvic limb pain perception (PP) under field conditions. A further aim was the evaluation of the outcome of cats under intensive physiotherapy when compared to a control group.Methods: Retrospective study. The medical records of 29 feline patients with acute TL spinal cord injury, with and without PP, selected for intensive rehabilitation treatment were reviewed. Those cats that satisfied the same criteria, but performed at home physiotherapy exercises with the owner, were enrolled as control group.Results: 7 cats had pelvic limb PP, which resulted significantly associated with functional recovery of voluntary locomotion (p=0.01) and voluntary micturition (p= 0.00006). Twenty-two cats (76%) had the absence of pelvic limb PP and the acquisition of spinal walking (SW) was achieved in ten cats (45%). None of these patients regained a voluntary micturition at the end of the treatment. The presence of the crossed extensor reflex on admission was significantly associated with the acquisition of SW (p= 0.008). At 15 days, improvement in assisted walking/UWTM was found to be significantly associated with higher possibility to achieve SW at the end of the treatment (p=0.04). The control group included seven cats. None of the cats had regained voluntary micturition or ambulatory condition. Comparing to the control group, the intensive rehabilitation program was significantly associated with a higher possibility to regain functional locomotion (p= 0.005). Recovery of voluntary micturition did not show significant differences among the control group and the cats that underwent physical therapy.Conclusions: cats with severe acute TL lesion recovery can benefit from physiotherapy and, also in case of loss of PP, the acquisition of SW is possible under field condition.
Cannabinoids promote NREM sleep via inhibition of prefrontal cortico-hypothalamic projections
Authors: Xu Xufeng , Zhong Haixing , Xu Huamin , Li Xin , Xie Rou-gang , Wang Ying , Tong Li , Zhu Qianqian , Xie Junxia , Han Jing , Zhang Li , Hu Zhian , Gu Ning , Dong Hailong , Zhang Xia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cannabinoids promote non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but its underlying mechanism is not known. Here we find that cannabinoid promotion of NREM sleep is inhibited by cannabinoid antagonist injection systemically or into the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), where cannabinoids selectively inhibit glutamatergic inputs synapsing with glutamatergic but not GABAergic neurons. Photoactivation of DMH-projecting ventromedial prefrontal cortical (vmPFC) neurons, their terminals, or their postsynaptic DMH neurons rapidly switches NREM sleep to wakefulness, which is blocked by photoinhibition of DMH outputs. Chemoactivation of DMH glutamatergic but not GABAergic neurons innervated by vmPFCs promotes wakefulness and suppresses NREM sleep, whereas chemoinhibition of vmPFC projections in DMHs produces opposite effects by mimicking cannabinoid effects. DMH-projecting vmPFC neurons are inhibited during NREM sleep and activated during wakefulness. Chemoactivation of DMH-projecting vmPFC neurons blocks cannabinoid promotion of NREM sleep and suppression of wakefulness. Thus, vmPFC neurons innervating DMHs represent the first identified set of cerebral cortical neurons for promotion of physiological wakefulness and suppression of NREM sleep, while cannabinoid inhibition of vmPFC projections in DMHs promotes NREM sleep and suppresses wakefulness.
Potential Role of In Vitro-In Vivo Correlations (IVIVC) for the Development of Plant-Derived Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Azeeze Mohamed S.T.A. , Santhosh Shanthi B. , Manjari Murugesan S. , Meyyanathan Subramania N. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Conventional medicines, along with herbal formulations of Chinese, serve
as the primary source and hub of active new drugs where the initial research concentrates on the extraction
and isolation of bioactive lead compound(s) to treat several diseases largely for cancer.
Plant-derived natural products and their analogs reveal a significant source of several clinically useful
anticancer agents. Herbs and herbal derived active compounds play an unavoidable role in the
treatment, drug discovery and delivery for decades, as evidenced by numerous existing marked
drugs and various cancer-related molecular targets in clinical development.

Objective:
Solubility, resistance and metabolic limitations of the drug can be overcome by suitable
molecular modifications. Due to enhancements in tumor targeting technology, some agents who
failed in earlier clinical studies are also stimulating renewed interest. In this connection, In Vitro-In
Vivo Correlation (IVIVC) plays an important role in the development of dosage forms in the field
of pharmaceutical technology.

Conclusion:
IVIVC tool fastens and improves the drug development process and product quality,
which is also utilized in internal control for scale-up to improve formulations and alternative production
processes. Most importantly, this IVIVC tool lessens the number of human studies during
new pharmaceuticals developments. In this review, we would like to grab the attention of readers
to the importance and significance of IVIVC for natural products of anticancer drugs examples
such as Docetaxel, Etoposide phosphate, 6-Gingerol, Capsaicin, etc.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Prevented the Development of Morphine Tolerance by Decreasing IL6 Production and Upregulating μ-Opioid Receptors
Authors: Jindal Sahil , Kumar Nitesh , Shah Aarti Abhishek , Shah Abhishek , Gourishetti Karthik , Chamallamudi Mallikarjuna R. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Morphine tolerance on long-term usage leads to chronic pain conditions.
Preclinical studies demonstrated that the upregulation of HDACs is associated with a decrease in
the sensitivity of μ-opioid receptors, which results in morphine tolerance.

Objective:
The present study was designed to assess the influence of the selected known HDAC inhibitors
(NMJ2 and NMJ3) on the pain tolerance induced by chronic administration of morphine in
Balb/c mice.

Methods:
In the present study, morphine was administered in incremental doses 1, 2, 3.6, 6.5, 11.2,
21, and 21 mg/kg daily for seven days to develop morphine tolerance. The nociceptive thresholds,
analgesia, and tolerance were assessed 30 min after morphine administration alternatively from 1st
day to 7th day using the hot plate and mechanical allodynia methods.

Results:
The morphine control group showed a reduction in the Paw Withdrawal Threshold (PWT)
and the percentage Maximum Possible Effects (MPEs). In contrast, the combination of SAHA and
test drugs with morphine increased the PWT and MPEs as compared to the morphine alone group.
Administration of morphine alone also showed an increase in the production of the pro-inflammatory
mediator, IL-6, and down-regulation of the μ-opioid receptor in the brain tissues. Treatment
with HDAC inhibitors, SAHA, and test drugs showed a reversal in these changes.

Conclusion:
Results indicated that HDAC inhibitors were involved in the prevention of morphine
tolerance in normal mice by inhibiting pro-inflammatory marker production and by increasing the
sensitivity of neurons towards morphine in producing an analgesic effect in morphine tolerated
mice.
O controle político do orçamento
Authors: Almiro Affonso 
Published: November 2020

A marcante e crescente influência do orçamento público na vida dos povos, que encontra suas raízes, seus fundamentos e sua expressão na própria história da democracia, assume, modernamente, importância decisiva concentrando-se mesmo na dinâmica orçamentária, tôda fôrça propulsora do progresso das nações.
THE CORRELATION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 WITH STROKE AND PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, AND KNOWLEDGE OF STROKE AMONG PALESTINIANS
Authors: ATTILI ROZAN , A HEJAZ HATEM 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: The research study aims to estimate the prevalence of the stroke, to evaluate the stroke associated risk factors, and to determine the factors and symptoms associated with the knowledge of the stroke among the Palestinian population. Furthermore, to find the association between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels and the stroke, the concentration of MMP-9 in the serum of stroke patients was measured.
Methods: The research study includes a cross-sectional survey that was conducted. The serum MMP-9 levels were also measured in 11 stroke patients using an ELISA reader. Statistical analysis was performed by GraphPad Prism version 8. Sociodemographic characteristics of stroke patients associated with stroke among the Palestinian population were also obtained and analyzed.
Results: The higher incidence of the stroke was in the patient’s ages between 51 and 60 years old, with 30 patients (46%) of the total stroke patients. The majority of the stroke patients 40 (60.6%) were having enough income. Most of the stroke patients (29, 43.9%) were none educated. The majority of the stroke patients 48 (72.2%) had a family member/s who has been diagnosed with a stroke. Most of the stroke patients 60 (90.9%) have sudden numbness, weakness in the face, arms, and legs. All the samples analyzed showed a marked increase in MMP-9 concentration.
Conclusions: The prevalence of stroke and the high risk of stroke were high among adults aged ≥51 years in Palestine. Hypertension was the highest risk factor for stroke. The serum MMP-9 could be an important prognostic factor for the stroke.
Feedback to Receivers: Knowledge and Perception of Medical Students in a Public Sector Institute of a Developing Country
Authors: Bhatti Hamza Waqar , Zaidi Syed Muhammad Jawad , Kaneez Mehwish , Awan Javeria , Naeem Khan Rashid , Tahir Umair 
Published: November 2020

Background: The practice of effective feedback delivery in medical institutes of developing countries lags behind the modern principles of medical education. This demands the need to understand the students’ knowledge and perception regarding received feedback in the setting of a developing country.
Aims: To assess the level of knowledge and perception of feedback among students. To find the correlation between knowledge and perception. To identify problematic areas in feedback delivery and provide recommendations for rectification.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Rawalpindi Medical University Pakistan, in which 480 medical students from 2nd till 5th-year MBBS were evaluated regarding their knowledge and perception about feedback using structured questionnaires.
Results: The students had a good level of knowledge regarding The concept of feedback. However, they had a negative perception of the feedback given to them by their teachers. There was no correlation between mean knowledge and perception scores (r=-0.05, p = 0.272). There was a significant difference between knowledge (p=0.0004) and perception (p=0.02) scores across gender. The difference in mean knowledge scores across academic years was not significant (p=0.267) but this difference was significant for mean perception scores (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Strategies should be adopted to incorporate feedback into the curriculum for improving the quality of medical education in a developing country.
Factors Influencing Patient Satisfaction in Dermatology
Authors: Cline Abigail , Gomolin Tamar , Safai Bijan 
Published: November 2020

Background: Patient satisfaction is a proxy for healthcare quality, with physicians evaluated and reimbursed based on patient satisfaction scores. Despite the growing influence of patient satisfaction, factors that impact patient satisfaction in dermatology remain unclear. Methods: We analyzed 225 responses to an online survey evaluating patient expectations, willingness, and satisfaction regarding dermatology appointments. Patient willingness and satisfaction were measured on a 1-5 Likert scale. Results: Respondents were most willing to discuss their condition and to be examined with a dermatoscope. Respondents were least willing to wear a patient gown without underwear and to be photographed. Highly satisfying factors included a written treatment plan, provider medication recommendations, and use of gloves during physical exams. Highly dissatisfying factors included waiting 60 minutes, taking off underwear with a patient gown, and being photographed with a cellphone.Patient willingness and satisfaction differed significantly by gender and age. Male respondents reported less satisfaction than female respondents if a nurse explained the treatment plan. Older respondents were significantly more willing to change into a patient gown, to be photographed, to be examined with a dermatoscope, and to undergo a biopsy than younger respondents. Older and female respondents preferred written plans, while younger and male respondents preferred verbal plans. Younger respondents reported higher satisfaction with an email follow-up compared to older respondents, who preferred a phone call.Conclusion: These findings may represent relatively easy ways to improve patient satisfaction scores. Further insight into factors affecting patient satisfaction may enhance patient experience and engagement, thereby improving clinical outcomes.
Quantitative Prediction of Charge Regulation in Oligopeptides
Authors: Lunkad Raju , Murmiliuk Anastasiia , Hebbeker Pascal , Boublík Milan , Tošner Zdeněk , Štěpánek Miroslav , Košovan Peter 
Published: November 2020

Weak ampholytes are ubiquitous in nature and commonly found in artificial pH-responsive systems. However, our limited understanding of their charge regulation and the lack of predictive capabilities hinder the bottom-up design of such systems. Here, we used a coarse-grained model of a flexible polymer with weakly ionisable monomer units to quantitatively analyse the ionisation behaviour of two oligopeptides. Our model predicts differences in the charge states between oligopeptides and monomeric amino acids, showing that conformational flexibility and electrostatic interactions between weak acid and base side chains play a key role in the charge regulation. By comparing our simulations with experimental results from potentiometric titration, capillary zone electrophoresis and NMR, we demonstrated that our model reliably predicts the charge state of various peptide sequences. Ultimately, our model is the first step towards understanding the charge regualtion in flexible disordered proteins, and towards using predictive bottom-up design of responsive ampholytes to tailor theirproperties as a function of charge and pH.
Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Morphological Characteristics of Yalova Genotype
Authors: ALARSLAN Emre , AYGÜN Turgut 
Published: November 2020

Objective: This study aimed to determine the live weight, the body measurements and their morphological features, and the effect of some environmental factors on morphological characteristics of Yalova sheep.Materials and Methods: The research material was consisted of 1-5≤ year old 250 ewes from 5 flocks and 1-4 year old 70 rams from 13 flocks. Live weight, withers height, back height, rump height, body length, tail length, rump width, chest width, chest depth, chest girth, thigh circumstances, cannon bone girth, head length, head width, forehead width, ear length and ear width of Yalova genotype was measured.Results: The average live weight of Yalova genotype was found as 55.63 and 85.75 kg for ewes and rams, respectively. Overall means of some characters of ewes were found as withers height, back height, rump width, body length, rump width, chest width, chest depth, chest girth and tail length 71.30, 70.40, 71.21, 71.43, 22.70, 21.53, 32.72, 93.41 and 20.50 cm, respectively. The effect of flock factor for ewes were found to be statistically significant on rump height (p&lt;0.05) and body length, (p&lt;0.01), and on all of the other examined features (p&lt;0.001). For ewes, the age factor was statistically significant on live weight, chest depth, chest girth, head length (p&lt;0.001) and ear length (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: Yalova genotype was revealed morphological characteristics different from pure Kıvırcık sheep. Besides Yalova genotype is different from other indigenous breeds due to its short tail with low fleece or no naked tail.
Analisis Kualitas Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat Dalam Perspektif Maqasyid Syariah
Authors: Irwan Muhammad , Muaidy Yasin  , Titiek Herwanti  
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis Perkembangan dan Kualitas Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Nusa Tenggara Barat tahun 2008-2018 dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syariah. Pendekatan penelitian yang dipergusnakan adalah penelitian deskriptif, lokasi Penelitian di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Jenis data yang dipergunakan data sekunder. Analisis data yang dipergunakan Analisis pertumbuhan. Kualitas pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam maqasyid syariah mengacu pada pemenuhan kebutuhan Daruriyah ( Kebutuhan Pokok), dilihat dari jumlah penduduk yang masih miskin, mengganggur, kriminalitas. Pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok ini akan dikaitkan dengan aturan dalam Al-Qur’an dan Al-Hadist.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perkembangan pertumbuhan ekonomi provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat sejak tahun 2008-2018 dilihat bahwa Rata-rata pertumbuhan ekonomi berdasarkan harga konstan dengan tidak memasukkan sektor tambang sebesar 5,70 persen. Nilai pertumbuhan ini masih berada di bawah 7 persen sehingga dikatagorikan pertumbuhan ekonomi berkualitas rendah. Rata-rata persentase penduduk miskin baru mencapai 14,63 persen. Rata-rata tingkat pengangguran terbuka sebesar 5,13 persen. Dimensi kebutuhan dan menjaga agama, masih banyak oknum-oknum abdi negara yang melakukan korupsi. Dilihat dari kebutuhan dan menjaga jiwa, indikator yang digunakan adalah sikap malas. Dilihat dari kebutuhan dan menjaga ilmu, kualitas manusia dilihat dari Angka Melek Huruf sudah mencapai 85 persen. Kebutuhan dan menjaga keturunan, pertumbuhan ekonomi belum mampu sepenuhnya menurunkan angka kriminilitas, karema ada masyarakat yang menggunakan narkoba dan berada dalam kondisi yang sangat memprihatinkan karena akan merusak keturunan (generasi) pewaris pembangunan bangsa. Dilihat dari kebutuhan dan menjaga harta, pertumbuhan ekonomi belum sepenuhnya mampu mewujudkan pengentasan kemiskinan
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus epidermidis DAN Salmonella thyposa IN VITRO
Authors: Mustikaturrokhmah Dyah , Risanti Erika Diana 
Published: November 2020

Penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) merupakan bahan alami yang mudah ditemui dan memiliki sifat antibakteri. Staphylococcus epidrmidis dan Salmonella typhosa adalah bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif yang menyebabkan beberapa jenis penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol 70% Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Salmonella thyposa secara In Vitro. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan metode post- test only control group design. Konsentrasi ekstrak temulawak yang digunakan adalah 5%, 15% dan 45%. Penelitian menggunakan Media Muller Hilton yang telah diolesi bakteri dan dibuat sumuran dengan diameter 6 mm sebagai tempat ekstrak temulawak. Kloramfenikol digunakan sebagai kontrol postif dan aquabides sebagai kontrol negatif. Diameter zona hambat diukur menggunakan jangka sorong setelah inkubasi pada suhu 37°C selama 24 jam. Hasil analisis data menggunakan Uji Krusskal-Wallis menunjukkan nilai p<0.005 dan Post-Hoc Mann Whitney dengan nilai p=0.008. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Salmonella thyposa secara In Vitro.
Влияние продвижения легковых электромобилей на потребление нефти
Authors: Синицын М. В. 
Published: November 2020

<span>Электромобили по потребительским характеристикам станут сравнимы с традиционными автомобилями около 2025–2030 гг. и начнут быстро вытеснять последние в развитых и крупнейших развивающихся странах. В работе оцениваются перспективы продвижения электромобилей в США, Китае, Европе и мире в целом и влияние этого процесса на потребление нефти. Показано, что в базовом сценарии к 2040 г. электромобили могут составить 19% мирового легкового автопарка и вытеснят из потребления 4,7 млн баррелей нефти в день, в основном на ключевых для российских нефтяных компаний экспортных рынках</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceBefore"> </span><span>–</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceAfter"> </span><span>Европе и Китае.</span>
On the ambiguity of an ideal gas entropy concept
Authors: Kiselev V. G. 
Published: November 2020

Based on a critical analysis of the existing characteristics of an ideal gas and the theory of thermodynamic potentials, the article considers its new model, which includes the presence of an ideal gas in addition to kinetic energy of potential (chemical) energy, in the framework of which the isothermal and adiabatic processes in it are studied both reversible and irreversible, in terms of changes in the entropy of the system in question, observed in case. In addition, a critical analysis was made of the process of introducing the concept of entropy by R. Clausius, as a result of which the main requirements for entropy were established, the changes of which are observed in isothermal and adiabatic quasistatic processes, in particular, it was revealed that if in isothermal processes involving one in a perfect gas, the entropy ST is uniquely characterized by the value , regardless of whether the process is reversible or not, then when the adiabatic processes occur, the only requirement made of them is the condition of mutual destruction adiabats in this Carnot cycle. As a result of this circumstance, in fact, in thermodynamics various “adiabatic” entropies are used, namely; const SA = const R ln V и C V ln T , and in addition, as established in this paper, CV, which leads, despite the mathematically perfect introduction of the concept of entropy for the Carnot cycle, to the impossibility of its unambiguous interpretation and, therefore, the determination of its physicochemical meaning even for perfect gas. A new concept is introduced in the work: “total” entropy of an ideal gas SS = R ln V + C V , satisfying the criteria of R. Clausius, on the basis of which it was established that this type of entropy multiplied by the absolute temperature characterizes a certain level of potential energy of the system, which can besuccessively converted to work in an isothermal reversible process, with the supply of an appropriate amount of heat, and in the adiabatic reversible process under consideration.