bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induced Maxwell–Chern–Simons effective action in very special relativity
Authors: Bufalo R. , Ghasemkhani M. , Haghgouyan Z. , Soto A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the one-loop induced photon’s effective action in the very special relativity electrodynamics in $$(2+1)$$

(
2
+
1
)

spacetime ($$\hbox {VSR}$$
VSR
–$$\hbox {QED}_{3}$$

QED
3

). Due to the presence of new nonlocal couplings resulting from the VSR gauge symmetry, we have additional graphs contributing to the $$\langle AA\rangle $$

⟨
A
A
⟩

and $$\langle AAA \rangle $$

⟨
A
A
A
⟩

amplitudes. From these contributions, we discuss the VSR generalization of the Abelian Maxwell–Chern–Simons Lagrangian, consisting in the dynamical part and the Chern–Simons-like self-couplings, respectively. We use the VSR–Chern–Simons electrodynamics to discuss some non-Ohmic behavior on topological materials, in particular VSR effects on Hall’s conductivity. In the dynamical part of the effective action, we observe the presence of a UV/IR mixing, due to the entanglement of the VSR nonlocal effects to the quantum higher-derivative terms. Furthermore, in the self-coupling aspect, we verify the validity of the Furry’s theorem in the $${\hbox {VSR}}$$
VSR
–$$\hbox {QED}_{3}$$

QED
3

explicitly.
Fix the dual geometries of $$T\bar{T}$$ deformed CFT$$_2$$ and highly excited states of CFT$$_2$$
Authors: Wang Peng , Wu Houwen , Yang Haitang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn previous works, we have developed an approach to fix the leading behaviors of the pure AdS$$_3$$3and BTZ black hole from the entanglement entropies of the free CFT$$_2$$2and finite temperature CFT$$_2$$2, respectively. We exclusively use holographic principle only and make no restriction about the bulk geometry, not only the kinematics but also the dynamics. In order to verify the universality and correctness of our method, in this paper, we apply it to the$$T\bar{T}$$TT¯deformed CFT$$_2$$2, which breaks the conformal symmetry. In terms of the physical arguments of the$$T\bar{T}$$TT¯deformed CFT$$_2$$2, the derived metric is a deformed BTZ black hole. The requirement that the CFT$$_2$$2lives on a conformally flat boundary leads to$$r_{c}^{2}=\ 6R_{AdS}^{4}/(\pi c\mu )$$rc2=6RAdS4/(πcμ)naturally, in perfect agreement with previous conjectures in literature. The energy spectum and propagation speed calculated with this deformed BTZ metric are the same as these derived from$$T\bar{T}$$TT¯deformed CFT$$_2$$2. We furthermore fix the dual geometry of highly excited states with our approach. The result contains the descriptions for the conical defect and BTZ black hole.
Optical tweezers: theory and practice
Authors: Pesce Giuseppe , Jones Philip H. , Maragò Onofrio M. , Volpe Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe possibility for the manipulation of many different samples using only the light from a laser beam opened the way to a variety of experiments. The technique, known as Optical Tweezers, is nowadays employed in a multitude of applications demonstrating its relevance. Since the pioneering work of Arthur Ashkin, where he used a single strongly focused laser beam, ever more complex experimental set-ups are required in order to perform novel and challenging experiments. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the theoretical background and experimental techniques. We start by giving an overview of the theory of optical forces: first, we consider optical forces in approximated regimes when the particles are much larger (ray optics) or much smaller (dipole approximation) than the light wavelength; then, we discuss the full electromagnetic theory of optical forces with a focus on T-matrix methods. Then, we describe the important aspect of Brownian motion in optical traps and its implementation in optical tweezers simulations. Finally, we provide a general description of typical experimental setups of optical tweezers and calibration techniques with particular emphasis on holographic optical tweezers.
Association of Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio and the Presence of Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Li Tiewei , Dong Geng , Zhang Min , Xu Zhe , Hu Yidi , Xie Bo , Wang Yuewu , Xu Bangli 
Published: December 2020

The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an emerging risk factor of sepsis that is receiving increasing attention. However, the relationship between NLR and the presence of sepsis in neonates is poorly studied. Here, we retrospectively recruited 1480 neonates and collected and analyzed relevant clinical and laboratory data. According to the International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus, 737 neonates were diagnosed with sepsis, and 555 neonates were suspected for having infection. Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia (

n
=
188

) served as controls. Neonates with sepsis had significantly elevated neutrophil counts and NLR (

P
<
0.001

). The proportion of neonates with sepsis increased significantly from 41.6% when

NLR
<
0.91

to 66.2% when

NLR
>
1.88

group (

P
<
0.001

). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that NLR was an independent risk factor for the presence of neonatal sepsis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value NLR for predicting the presence of neonatal sepsis was 1.62 (

area

under

curve

AUC

=
0.63

, 95% CI 0.60–0.66,

P
<
0.001

). In conclusion, our data suggest that elevated NLR levels are associated with a higher neonatal sepsis risk.
Opportunities and Challenges in Drug Development for Pediatric Cancers
Authors: Laetsch Theodore W. , DuBois Steven G. , Bender Julia Glade , Macy Margaret E. , Moreno Lucas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The use of targeted small-molecule therapeutics and immunotherapeutics has been limited to date in pediatric oncology. Recently, the number of pediatric approvals has risen, and regulatory initiatives in the United States and Europe have aimed to increase the study of novel anticancer therapies in children. Challenges of drug development in children include the rarity of individual cancer diagnoses and the high prevalence of difficult-to-drug targets, including transcription factors and epigenetic regulators. Ongoing pediatric adaptation of biomarker-driven trial designs and further exploration of agents targeting non-kinase drivers constitute high-priority objectives for future pediatric oncology drug development.

Significance:
Increasing attention to drug development for children with cancer by regulators and pharmaceutical companies holds the promise of accelerating the availability of new therapies for children with cancer, potentially improving survival and decreasing the acute and chronic toxicities of therapy. However, unique approaches are necessary to study novel therapies in children that take into account low patient numbers, the pediatric cancer genomic landscape and tumor microenvironment, and the need for pediatric formulations. It is also critical to evaluate the potential for unique toxicities in growing hosts without affecting the pace of discovery for children with these life-threatening diseases.
A Randomized Trial Evaluating Online 3-Dimensional Optical Frequency Domain Imaging–Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Bifurcation Lesions
Authors: Onuma Yoshinobu , Kogame Norihiro , Sotomi Yohei , Miyazaki Yosuke , Asano Taku , Takahashi Kuniaki , Kawashima Hideyuki , Ono Masafumi , Katagiri Yuki , Kyono Hiroyuki , Nakatani Shimpei , Muramatsu Takashi , Sharif Faisal , Ozaki Yukio , Serruys Patrick W. , Okamura Takayuki ,   on behalf of OPTIMUM Investigators
Published: December 2020

Background:
Clinical implications of online 3-dimensional optical frequency domain imaging (3D-OFDI)-guided stenting for bifurcation lesions have not been investigated in the randomized controlled trials. The purpose of this study was to determine whether online 3D-OFDI-guided stenting is superior to angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in terms of incomplete stent apposition at the bifurcation segment.

Methods:
The OPTIMUM trial (Online 3-Dimensional Optical Frequency Domain Imaging to Optimize Bifurcation Stenting Using UltiMaster Stent) was a randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Eligible patients had an angiographically significant stenosis in the bifurcation lesion treated with a provisional single stent strategy using the Ultimaster sirolimus eluting stent. Patients were randomly allocated to either online 3D-OFDI-guided or angiography-guided PCI. Patients randomized to 3D-OFDI guidance underwent online 3D-OFDI assessment after rewiring into the jailed side branch after stenting and proximal optimization technique, while in the angiography guidance arm, rewiring was performed using conventional fluoroscopic/angiographic guidance. The primary end point of this trial was the postprocedural average percentage of malapposed struts per lesion assessed by OFDI in the confluence zone of the main and side branches.

Results:

Between June 8, 2017 and September 26, 2018, 110 patients with 111 bifurcation lesions were randomized at 4 Japanese centers. Of these, 56 patients with 57 lesions were treated with 3D-OFDI-guided PCI, whereas 54 patients with 54 lesions were treated with angiography-guided PCI. In the 3D-OFDI guidance arm, the feasibility of online 3D-OFDI was 98.2%. The average percentage of incomplete stent apposition per lesion at bifurcation was lower in the 3D-OFDI guidance arm than that in the angiography guidance arm (19.5±15.8% versus 27.5±14.2%,
P
=0.008). The superiority of the 3D-OFDI guidance arm was also confirmed in the strut level analysis (odds ratio: 0.54 [95% CI, 0.36–0.81];
P
=0.003).

Conclusions:
Online 3D-OFDI-guided bifurcation PCI was superior to angiography-guided bifurcation PCI in terms of acute incomplete stent apposition at bifurcation.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02972489.
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Preclinical Target Organ Damage Among Adults in Ghana: Findings From a National Study
Authors: Li Jie , Owusu Isaac Kofi , Geng Qingshan , Folson Aba Ankomaba , Zheng Zhichao , Adu‐Boakye Yaw , Dong Xinran , Wu Wen‐Chih , Agyekum Francis , Fei Hongwen , Ayetey Harold , Deng Mulan , Adomako‐Boateng Fred , Jiang Zuxun , Abubakari Braimah Baba , Xian Zhao , Fokuoh Forster Nketiah , Appiah Lambert Tetteh , Liu Simin , Lin Chunying 
Published: December 2020

Background
Although sub‐Saharan Africa has a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there remains a lack of systematic and comprehensive assessment of risk factors and early CVD outcomes in adults in sub‐Saharan Africa.

Methods and Results
Using a stratified multistage random sampling method, we recruited 1106 men and women, aged >18 years, from the general population in Ghana to participate in a national health survey from 2016 to 2017. In Ghanaian adults, the age‐standardized prevalence of known CVD risk factors was 15.1% (95% CI, 12.9%–17.3%) for obesity, 6.8% (95% CI, 5.1%–8.5%) for diabetes mellitus, 26.1% (95% CI, 22.9%–29.4%) for hypertension, and 9.3% (95% CI, 7.1%–11.5%) for hyperuricemia. In addition, 10.1% (95% CI, 7.0%–13.2%) of adults had peripheral artery disease, 8.3% (95% CI, 6.7%–10.0%) had carotid thickening, 4.1% (95% CI, 2.9%–5.2%) had left ventricular hypertrophy, and 2.5% (95% CI, 1.5%–3.4%) had chronic kidney disease. Three CVD risk factors appeared to play prominent roles in the development of target organ damage, including obesity for peripheral artery disease (odds ratio [OR], 2.22; 95% CI, 1.35–3.63), hypertension for carotid thickening (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.22–3.08), and left ventricular hypertrophy (OR, 5.28; 95% CI, 2.55–12.11) and hyperuricemia for chronic kidney disease (OR, 5.49; 95% CI, 2.84–10.65).

Conclusions
This comprehensive health survey characterized the baseline conditions of a national cohort of adults while confirming the prevalence of CVD risk factors, and early CVD outcomes have reached epidemic proportions in Ghana. The distinct patterns of risk factors in the development of target organ damage present important challenges and opportunities for interventions to improve cardiometabolic health among adults in Ghana.
Independent Impact of Peripheral Artery Disease on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Perl Leor , Bental Tamir , Vaknin‐Assa Hana , Assali Abid , Codner Pablo , Talmor‐Barkan Yeela , Greenberg Gabriel , Samara Abed , Witberg Guy , Orvin Katia , Kornowski Ran 
Published: December 2020

Background
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a known risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, in some studies PAD is not an independent risk factor. We sought to examine the independent impact of PAD on a large prospective percutaneous coronary intervention registry.

Methods and Results

From our single‐center prospective percutaneous coronary intervention registry, we have retrospectively analyzed 25 690 patients (years 2004–2018). We examined the influence of PAD on short‐ and long‐term outcomes using both regression and propensity‐matched analyses. Patients with documented PAD (n=1610, 6.3% of total) were older (66.7±10.8 versus 65.4±12.1,
P
<0.01), had higher rates of diabetes mellitus (69.3% versus 46.3%,
P
<0.01), hypertension (92.1% versus 76.1%,
P
<0.01) and renal failure (38.3% versus 18.2%,
P
<0.01). There were no differences in the rates of stable versus acute presentations, but less were treated with Prasugrel and Ticagrelor (3.3% versus 8.0% and 7.9% versus 11.9%, respectively,
P
<0.001 for both). Both 30‐day and 3‐year rates of all‐cause death and major adverse cardiac events were higher for patients with PAD versus control (4.9% versus 2.1% and 7.3% versus 3.3% death and major adverse cardiac events at 30 days, respectively; 43.4% versus 29.0% and 55.0% versus 37.8%, respectively at 3 years,
P
<0.001 for all). Following multivariate analysis, the presence of PAD was associated with a higher risk of both death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.66; CI 1.52–1.83;
P
<0.001) and major adverse cardiac events (HR, 1.51; CI, 1.40–1.64;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
PAD constitutes an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Further studies are needed to ascertain which effective therapies may mitigate this risk.
An Optimized Nontoxic Electrolytic Etching Procedure for Fine Art Printmaking
Authors: Bossmann Katharina , Covarrubias Jose , Yapa Asanka S. , Ingle Benjamin , Bossmann Stefan H. , Scuilla Jason 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In their National Endowment for the Arts–funded project the authors sought to provide artists with an innovative method for creative expression using electrolytic etching techniques long used in the electronics and biotech industries. Using scientific methods, the electrolytic etching process was improved and then compared side by side with copper etched in ferric chloride after analysis with an AFM. The optimized electrolytic etching method proved to be superior to classical acid etching in intaglio printmaking.
The Relation Between Otolaryngology-Specific Symptoms and Computed Tomography Findings in Ambulatory Care COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Avcı Hakan , Karabulut Burak 
Published: December 2020

Objective: This study aimed to conduct a study to evaluate the relation between otolaryngology-specific symptoms and computed tomography findings in ambulatory care COVID-19 patients. Patient and Methods: The study was conducted with medical records of 987 (82%) patients with confirmed COVID-19 virus via real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction between March 11, 2020, and April 21, 2020. Patients were divided into 2 groups as computed tomography (CT)-negative and CT-positive groups considering the presence of the CT findings depicting COVID-19 disease. Results: The mean age was significantly higher in CT-positive group than CT-negative group (41.53 ± 12.82 vs 36.61 ± 11.81, P < .001). Cough and shortness of the breath were observed with a significantly higher rate in CT-positive group than that of CT-negative group (44% vs 29.9%, P = .001 and 18.4% vs 9.7%, P = .002, respectively). Conclusions: In conclusion, advanced age, cough, and shortness of breath could be related to CT scan positivity.
Hand anthropometry and its relation to grip/pinch strength in children aged 5 to 13 years
Authors: Wen Juan , Wang Jing , Xu Qu , Wei Yan , Zhang Lei , Ou Jiaxin , Hong Qin , Ji Chenbo , Chi Xia , Tong Meiling 
Published: December 2020

Objective To evaluate the development level of children’s physiological hand shape indicators and their relationship with grip/pinch strength. Methods Hand shape and grip/pinch strength in 1255 Chinese children aged 5 to 13 years were prospectively measured. Development curves of physiological hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength were constructed. Results The physiological hand shape indicators (full length, middle finger length, width, and wrist thickness) and grip/pinch strength of boys and girls increased with age and showed statistically significant differences at different ages. In most age groups, hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength were larger in boys than in girls of the same age. After puberty, the physiological hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength increased more rapidly in girls than in boys of the same age, and the differences gradually decreased thereafter. Moreover, a significant difference in pinch strength between the right and left hands was observed in most age groups. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the physiological hand shape indicators were significantly positively correlated with grip/pinch strength, height, weight, and body mass index. Conclusions This study revealed the relationship between physiological hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength and provided reference ranges of physiological hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength for children.
Induction of Lactation After Adoption in a Muslim Mother With History of Breast Cancer: A Case Study
Authors: Al-Mohsen Zainab AbdulHadi , Frookh Jamal Hasan 
Published: December 2020

Introduction With the prevalence of infertility increasing worldwide, many are seeking adoption to fulfill the need to start or expand their family. However, one of the challenges mothers face is the lack of the early maternal bond with the adopted infant, which typically starts during pregnancy, and then continues after birth, while providing care and nourishment to the infant. Breastfeeding is proven to strengthen the maternal–infant bond and provides numerous benefits to the dyad. Reports of induced lactation in non-biological mothers are uncommon, they are even more uncommon to find in women with a history of breast cancer. Main issue The induction of lactation in a Muslim adoptive mother who had a history of breast cancer. Management Pharmacologic methods, which included galactagogues Domperidone and fenugreek, in addition to non-pharmacologic methods that included breast stimulation by using a breast pump. The participant was able to provide her own milk for her adopted infant. Conclusion When provided with proper support, an adopting mother with a history of breast radiation was able to breastfeed. The participant’s need to provide her own expressed milk was met; although, she was counseled on the possibility that her milk production will most likely not be sufficient to entirely meet the infant’s needs. Determination and support definitely have a role in cases where the influence of past treatment on human milk production is not known.
Profile of incidental exposures to e-cigarette liquids in Europe, 2018–2019
Authors: Vardavas Constantine I , Girvalaki Charis , Odani Satomi , Nikitara Katerina , de Vries Irma , van Riel Antoinette , van Sommeren-de Potter Iris , Grass Johanna Nordmark , Grassi Maria Caterina , Deim Szilvia , Balázs Andrea , Fosztó Szabolcs , Schiel Helmut , Arif Tara , Eronen Anna-Kaisa , Alonso Antonio Alonso , Menor José Luis Conejo , Arrieta Rosa Martinez , Babić Željka , Turk Rajka , Vardavas Alexander I , Tsatsakis Aristidis 
Published: December 2020

Background: Following the implementation of the European Union Tobacco Product Directive (EU TPD) regulations on e-cigarette products in 2016, we assessed the current profile of e-cigarette liquid exposure incidents and their associated health outcomes. Methods: De-identified data were received from poison centers in eight EU Member States (Sweden, the Netherlands, Italy, Hungary Austria, Finland, Spain and Croatia) reporting on e-cigarette liquid exposure incidents between August 2018 to December 2019. Descriptive analysis was conducted to present incident characteristics and health outcomes. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to test associations. Results: Of the 223 e-liquid exposure incidents recorded by poison centers in multiple EU MS, 64.7% of the cases were unintentional exposures, ranging from 48.4% among adults aged ≥19 years to 100.0% among children aged 0–5 years (p < 0.05). The most frequent route of exposure was ingestion (73.5%) while55.2% experienced any clinical symptoms, including nausea (16.6%), vomiting (11.1%), and dizziness (9.0%). 57.8% of the cases were treated at the residence or on-site. Conclusion: Further monitoring is warranted, using uniform reporting requirements, to ensure the continued compliance to the EU TPD and assess its long-term impact on related incident characteristics.
The quality of COPD care in German general practice—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Heinmüller Stefan , Schaubroeck Emmily , Frank Luca , Höfle Anina , Langer Michael , Saggau Korbinian , Schedlbauer Angela , Kühlein Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common health problem to be dealt with in primary care. Little is known about the quality of care provided for patients with COPD in Germany. Therefore, we wanted to assess the current quality of care delivered by a primary care network (PCN) for patients with COPD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in collaboration with a primary care network (PCN). All patients of the PCN aged 40 years and older with a diagnosis of COPD were identified through electronic health records (EHR). A set of quality indicators (QIs) developed in accordance with current COPD-guidelines were appraised through numerical data retrieved from the EHR. Results: In total, 2,568 patients with COPD were identified. Their mean age was 67 (SD±12) years, 49% were male. Thirty-five percent had a parallel diagnosis of asthma. There was no documentation of any spirometry for 54% of patients; 29% had a spirometry within the previous year. An influenza vaccination was documented for 37% within the preceding 12 months; 12% received a pneumococcal vaccination in the last 6 years. Smoking status was documented for 44% within the last year. Conclusion: The quality of care for patients with COPD in the PCN seemed suboptimal, despite the presence of a Disease Management Program (DMP). This finding is likely to apply widely to German general practice. Quality assessment through currently available EHR data was challenging due to non-standardized and insufficient documentation.