bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TÜRKİYE’DE BİYOLOJİ EĞİTİMİ ÜZERİNE YAPILAN LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÖZAY KÖSE Esra , KONU Meryem 
Published: June 2020

Günümüzde eğitim bilimleri ve
teknolojilerinin gelişmesine paralel olarak kendini yenileyen biyoloji eğitimi
üzerine çok sayıda çalışma yapılmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmaların bir kısmı
bilimsel dergilerde yayınlanan makaleler olmakla birlikte bir kısmı ise lisansüstü
tezler şeklindedir. Araştırma yapan insanların ilk olarak “literatürde önceki
çalışmaların neler olduğu”, “hangi konu ve problemler üzerinde yapılacak
çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulacağı” ve “bu ihtiyaçların giderilmesinde izlenecek
yolların neler olduğu ve nasıl giderileceği” gibi sorulara cevap aramaları
gerekmektedir. Diğer fen alanlarında
olduğu gibi biyoloji eğitimi alanında yapılan çalışmalar da, alandaki güncel
eğilimlerin ortaya çıkarılmasını, hangi konuların doygunluğa ulaştığının ya da
ne tür yeni araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğunun belirlenmesini ve böylece
eğitimin kalitesinin yükseltilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, YÖK
Ulusal tez merkezi tarama resmi sitesinden yayınlanan biyoloji eğitimi alanında
yapılan tezlerin betimsel analizini yaparak, ülkemiz için bu alanlarda yapılan
çalışmaların eğilimlerini ve öncelikli araştırma konularını belirlemektir. Bu
amaç doğrultusunda, biyoloji eğitimi anahtar kelime taraması ile elde edilen
659 tez incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, veriler analiz edilirken; çalışmaların
yıllara göre dağılımına, tez çeşitlerine, araştırma konusuna, tamamlatılan
üniversitelere ve enstitülere göre kategorize edilmiş, listeler haline
getirilmiş ve ilgili tablolarda araştırmanın amaçları doğrultusunda yüzde ve
frekansları alınmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Böylece bu çalışmanın, araştırmacılara
bu alandaki güncel durumlar ve eğilimlerin neler olduğu konusunda yardımcı
olması beklenmektedir.
A Step Block Algorithm for Solving First Order Initial Value Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Adeyefa Emmanuel O , Fadaka Oluwatosin 
Published: June 2020

The implementation of the newly formulated polynomials, ADEM-B orthogonal polynomials, valid in the interval [-1, 1] with respect to weight function is our major focus in this work. The polynomials, which serve as basis function are employed to develop finite difference methods. Varying off-step points are considered for only One-Step method for the solution of the initial value problems of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). By selection of points for both interpolation and collocation, threeimportant class of block finite difference methods are produced. The methods are analyzed for their basic properties and findings show that they are accurate and convergent.
Token Validation in Automatic Corpus Gathering for Yorùbá Language
Authors: Adewole Lawrence B , Adetunmbi Adebayo O , Alese Boniface K , Oluwadare Samuel A 
Published: June 2020

Recent methodologies in machine translation depend on the availability of large language corpora. The web being the repository for text and other multimedia content becomes a viable source for such data. However, there is need for text cleaning, as a pre-processing step, since foreign words are inevitably part of the harvested text. Dictionary lookup approach can be adopted for languages with comprehensive lexicon while manual cleaning approach is applied in other cases. Developing a full-coverage lexicon for Yoruba language is a cumbersome task due to the fact that new words can be formed as a result of elision, assimilation and contraction. In this paper, the morphology of Yorùbá language was studied and modelled as a Finite State Machine which accepts a word and returns true if the goal state is reached and false otherwise. The FSM model was implemented in Java. A Yorùbá dictionary containing 10,443 distinct words in their base form (i.e. without diacritics) and English dictionary with 64,150 distinct words were parsed through the finite state machine. In addition, 58 web pages sourced from the internet were subjected to classification by the system. Classification of entries from the Yoruba dictionary as valid Yoruba words gave 99.99% accuracy while the classification of entries from the English dictionary as Non-Yoruba words gave 94.07% accuracy. Also, using the threshold of 90% valid Yoruba words in a webpage, all 58 webpages were correctly classified. Result obtained revealed that the approach can reliably be applied in automatic harvesting of Yoruba monolingual corpus from the internet.
Community attitude towards Community Health Fund on Health Security in Kalambo District, Rukwa Region, Tanzania
Authors: Kasonso Alexander D. , Chingonikaya Emanuel E. , Sikira Anna N. 
Published: June 2020

Community Health Fund (CHF) is one among health insurance schemes found in Tanzania. It was established in 1996 with the aim of improving the health of people who work in informal sectors. However, since its formulation, it has not performed well; the majority of HHs are not members, and some members are withdrawing from the scheme. The overall objective was to assess the attitude of community members towards the importance of CHF for health security. Specifically, the paper assesses the attitude towards CHF interventions among members and non-members of CHF and compares the attitude between members and non-members of CHF on health security. Cross sectional research design was used in this study. Simple random sampling technique using the lottery method was employed to select 354 respondents. Data were collected using a household questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussions guide, Key Informant Interviews checklist and documents’ reviews. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and content analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings show that CHF has inclusive benefits to its members as it covers costs of health treatment rather than paying money every time they attend medical treatments. Furthermore, the attitude towards CHF among members and non-members was accounted for 9.3% and 51.9 negative, 2.3% and 4.1 neutral and 88.4 and 44.0 positive. This indicates that the majority of people in the study area had a positive attitude towards CHF services. Thus, the study concludes that a great proportion of members of CHF in Kalambo District have positive attitude towards CHF intervention while the majority of non-members have negative attitude towards CHF intervention because they were not aware of it due to lack of knowledge. It is recommended that the government should mainstream CHF intervention to all communities so that non-members can join the scheme and hence get better health services. Also, the study recommends that the CHF service providers should put more emphasis on sensitising communities against negative attitudes from non-members of CHF.
KIT is involved in melanocyte proliferation, apoptosis and melanogenesis in the Rex Rabbit
Authors: Hu Shuaishuai , Chen Yang , Zhao Bohao , Yang Naisu , Chen Shi , Shen Jinyu , Bao Guolian , Wu Xinsheng 
Published: June 2020

Background
Melanocytes play an extremely important role in the process of skin and coat colors in mammals which is regulated by melanin-related genes. Previous studies have demonstrated that KIT is implicated in the process of determining the color of the coat in Rex rabbits. However, the effect of KIT on the proliferation and apoptosis of melanocytes and melanogenesis has not been clarified.

Methods
The mRNA and protein expression levels of KIT were quantified in different coat colored rabbits by qRT-PCR and a Wes assay. To identify whether KIT functions by regulating of melanogenesis, KIT overexpression and knockdown was conducted in melanocytes, and KIT mRNA expression and melanin-related genes TYR, MITF, PMEL and DCT were quantified by qRT-PCR. To further confirm whether KIT influences melanogenesis in melanocytes, melanin content was quantified using NaOH lysis after overexpression and knockdown of KIT. Melanocyte proliferation was estimated using a CCK-8 assay at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after transfection, and the rate of apoptosis of melanocytes was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting.

Results
KITmRNA and protein expression levels were significantly different in the skin of Rex rabbits with different color coats (P < 0.05), the greatest levels observed in those with black skin. The mRNA expression levels of KIT significantly affected the mRNA expression of the pigmentation-related genes TYR, MITF, PMEL and DCT (P < 0.01). Melanin content was evidently regulated by the change in expression patterns of KIT (P < 0.01). In addition, KIT clearly promoted melanocyte proliferation, but inhibited apoptosis.

Conclusions
Our results reveal that KIT is a critical gene in the regulation of melanogenesis, controlling proliferation and apoptosis in melanocytes, providing additional evidence for the mechanism of pigmentation of animal fur.
Comparative Phytochemical and Anti-microbial Studies of Leaf, Stem, Root of Spathodea companulata
Authors: Anarado C. E. , Anarado C. J. O. , Umedum N. L. , Ogbodo Q. M. 
Published: June 2020

Aim: To compare the phytochemicals and anti bacterial activities of leaf, stem and root extracts of Spathodea companulata.
Methodology: The leaf, stem and root of Spathodea companulata were collected, washed, air-dried, ground and each extracted with water, methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The extracts were analysed for the presence of phytochemicals. Antimicrobial analysis was also carried out on the extracts.
Results: Glycosides were present in all the extracts except stem aqueous extract. Steroids were found absent in most of the extracts except methanol stem and n-hexane root extracts. Saponins were found in methanol, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of the root and stem, and in methanol and aqueous leaf extracts. Alkaloids were present in methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaf and root, and in ethyl acetate and n- hexane extracts of the stem. Quantity of Alkaloids and tannins were higher in leaf, while flavonoids and glycosides were higher in the stem and the roots contained higher amount of saponins. The extraction solvent polarities played important role in the type of metabolites extracted. The stem extracts were found to be most active against the seven test organisms used.
Conclusion: More work should be done on the isolation and identification of compounds responsible for some of the pharmacological effects of the plant parts and the subsequent development of the compounds in formulation of drugs.
From Fossil Fuels to Renewable Biogas Production from Biomass Based Feedstock – A Review of Anaerobic Digester Systems
Authors: Dölle Klaus , Hughes Thomas , Kurzmann David E. 
Published: June 2020

Three-quarters of the global energy consumption is expected to come from fossil fuels by 2040 despite many drawbacks to the world’s reliance on fossil fuels. The primary drawback of fossil fuels is in procuring, transporting, refining, and combusting them which generates pollution biproducts, global warming, which in turn generate a plethora of associated problems. Biomass as a renewable resource and its conversion into renewable fuel products can offset use and drawback of fossil fuels.
Anaerobic digestion is known since the 10thcentury BC has become today a versatile tool to produce renewable energy in form of biogas from many biomass-based feedstock sources. These sources can be agriculturally based such as livestock waste, energy crops, plant (lignocellulosic) based, forest residues, or industrial and municipal waste such food waste, wastewater treatment sludge, distiller grains and food product residues. Feed stocks can be used in anaerobic fermentation processes as single or co-digest feedstock. Each feedstock represents a challenge on its own for anaerobic digestion processes in order achieve good operational stability and good biogas production.
Selecting a suitable anaerobic fermentation process from today’s available technical sound processes described in this review is essential for future fossil fuel independence.
Determinantes sociodemográficos da falta de prontidão para atividade física em adultos quilombolas
Authors: Mussi Ricardo Franklin de Freitas , Almeida Claudio Bispo de , Petroski Edio Luiz , Carvalho Ferdinando Oliveira 
Published: June 2020

<p>O objetivo do estudo é analisar os determinantes sociodemográficos da falta de prontidão para atividade física (FPAF) em adultos quilombolas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com amostra representativa residentes em quilombos de região geografia baiana. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista com formulário padronizado que investigou as características sociodemográficas e a prontidão para AF. Utilizou-se qui-quadrado de Pearson para análise de associação e a regressão de Poisson para estimar razões de prevalência, ambas considerando significância estatística para p&lt;0,05. Dentre os 850 participantes, com idade média de 45,0+17,0 anos, 61,2% eram do sexo feminino. A FPAF foi prevalente em 62,9% (IC95%: 59,6: 66,2) dos quilombolas. Os problemas ostearticulares que pioram com atividade física (36,2%) foram os principais problemas indicados como impedimento para a inserção imediata em programas de AF. A FPAF se associou independentemente com sexo e grupo etário. Então, ser do sexo feminino e ter idade <span style="text-decoration: underline;">&gt;</span>40 anos aumentam a probabilidade para a FPAF em adultos quilombolas.</p>
Plantas medicinais utilizadas para o tratamento de distúrbios associados à menopausa
Authors: Silva Brenda da , Siochetta Thailene Martins , Berlezi Evelise Moraes 
Published: June 2020

<p><strong>Introdução: </strong> Com o aumento da expectativa de vida e do envelhecimento da população, tendo em vista que a expectativa de vida das mulheres no Brasil é de 79,4 anos, espera-se que grande parte da população feminina passará aproximadamente um terço de suas vidas na pós menopausa. <strong>Objetivo:</strong> Sistematizar estudos científicos experimentais com modelo animal e humano que utilizaram plantas medicinais no tratamento de sintomas e patologias associadas à menopausa. <strong>Metodologia: </strong>Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática do tipo integrativa, realizada a partir das recomendações do PRISMA, em junho de 2018, a partir de artigos publicados no período de 2014 a agosto de 2018 nas seguintes bases eletrônicas: Scielo; Pubmed; <em>Springer</em>; <em>Science Direct</em> e Ebesco, utilizando-se como palavras-chaves <em>menopaus</em><em>e</em> (menopausa) e <em>Plants, Medicinal </em>(plantas medicinais) e seus respectivos sinônimos. <strong>Resultados:</strong> Foram selecionados 453 artigos nas bases eletrônicas Scielo; Pubmed; Springer; Science Direct e Ebesco. Após leitura inicial dos pesquisadores foram selecionados 68 artigos para análise final. Na extração dos dados dos artigos selecionados realizada pelos pesquisadores, priorizou-se a busca pelos objetivo do estudo, tipo de modelo experimental, planta utilizada, dose e tempo de tratamento, forma de apresentação do tratamento, resultados, conclusão, utilidade investigada e local do estudo. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> As plantas medicinais parecem ser uma alternativa bastante efetiva e que apresenta poucos efeitos colaterais quando comparados à TRH. No entanto, mais estudos e ensaios clínicos são necessários para tornar estas ervas medicinais como um tratamento complementar ou alternativo para o tratamento dos sintomas associados a menopausa em um futuro próximo. </p>
Potencial antimicrobiano e caracterização fitoquímica de extratos da casca do caule de Drimys brasiliensis Miers (Winteraceae)
Authors: Sobottka Andréa Michel , Da Luz Caroline Boff , Tonial Fabiana , Rossato-Grando Luciana Grazziotin , Bertol Charise Dallazem 
Published: June 2020

<p><strong>Introdução</strong>: na área da saúde, a resistência aos antimicrobianos tem se constituído um grave problema, fazendo com que a busca por alternativas farmacológicas assuma grande importância. Produtos de origem natural, como extratos de plantas, têm sido pesquisados para uso potencial no tratamento antibacteriano. <em>Drimys brasiliensis</em> Miers (Winteraceae) é uma árvore nativa do Brasil que tem sido utilizada como medicinal. <strong>Objetivo</strong>:<strong> </strong>investigar o perfil fitoquímico e a atividade antimicrobiana de amostras obtidas a partir de extratos da casca do caule de <em>Drimys brasiliensis</em>. <strong>Metodologia</strong>: frações de características químicas variadas foram obtidas a partir de extratos da casca do caule da planta. Realizou-se o screening fitoquímico destas frações através de reações gerais de caracterização e cromatografia em camada delgada. As amostras foram testadas por difusão em ágar e por microdiluição contra bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas e contra uma levedura.<em> </em><strong>Resultados</strong>: o perfil fitoquímico mostrou diferenças entre as frações analisadas. Alcaloides foram detectados nas frações mais apolares. Taninos e flavonoides estavam presentes nas amostras mais polares e obtidas sem o uso de calor. As amostras com maior atividade antimicrobiana foram as obtidas com os solventes hexano e diclorometano, de características mais apolares. Destaca-se a atividade contra <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis,</em> <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> resistente à meticilina e <em>Candida albicans</em>. <strong>Conclusão</strong>: extratos da casca do caule de <em>Drimys brasiliensis</em> apresentam potencial antimicrobiano, com destaque para as frações mais apolares contra bactérias gram positivas.</p>
Spreading in ALS: The relative impact of upper and lower motor neuron involvement
Authors: Gromicho Marta , Figueiral Manuel , Uysal Hilmi , Grosskreutz Julian , Kuzma‐Kozakiewicz Magdalena , Pinto Susana , Petri Susanne , Madeira Sara , Swash Michael , de Carvalho Mamede 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate disease spread in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and determine the influence of lower (LMN) and upper motor neuron (UMN) involvement.MethodsWe assessed disease spread in ALS in 1376 consecutively studied patients, from five European centers, applying an agreed proforma to assess LMN and UMN signs. We defined the pattern of disease onset and progression from predominant UMN or lower motor neuron (LMN) dysfunction in bulbar, upper limbs, lower limbs, and thoracic regions Non‐linear regression analysis was applied to fit the data to a model that described the relation between two random variables, graphically represented by an inverse exponential curve. We analyzed the probability, rate of spread, and both combined (area under the curve).ResultsWe found that progression was more likely and quicker to or from the region of onset to close spinal regions. When the disease had a limb onset, bulbar motor neurons were more resistant. Furthermore, in the same time frame more patients progressed from bulbar to lower limbs than vice‐versa, whether predominantly UMN or LMN involvement. Patients with initial thoracic involvement had a higher probability for rapid change. The presence of predominant UMN signs was associated with a faster caudal progression.InterpretationContiguous progression was leading pattern, and predominant UMN involvement is important in shortening the time for cranial‐caudal spread. Our results can best be fitted to a model of independent LMN and UMN degeneration, with regional progression of LMN degeneration mostly by contiguity. UMN lesion causes an acceleration of rostral‐caudal LMN loss.
Small Molecule from Natural Phytochemical Mimics Dietary Restriction by Modulating FoxO3a and Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Kim Juewon , Lee Shin‐Hae , Cho Miook , Lee Jee‐Young , Choi Dong‐Hwa , Lee Hye‐Yeon , Cho Siyoung , Min Kyung‐Jin , Suh Yousin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany studies utilizing animal models have revealed the genetic and pharmacogenetic modulators of the rate of organismal aging. However, finding routes for healthy aging during extended life remains one of the largest questions. With regards to an antiaging reagent, it has been shown that natural phytochemical syringaresinol (SYR) delays cellular senescence by activating sirtuin1 (SIRT1). Here, it is found that SYR treatment results in metabolic changes similar to those observed during dietary restriction (DR). The DR mimetic effects are mediated by FoxO3a‐dependent SIRT1 activation and insulin/insuline growth factor‐1 signaling modulation. The direct binding of SYR‐FoxO3a is identified and this could partially explain the DR‐like phenotype. The report gives a clue as to how the longevity gene involves the DR pathway and suggests that natural phytochemicals applied as a geroprotector mimics DR effects.
Fuzzy active disturbance rejection control design for autonomous underwater vehicle manipulators system
Authors: Li XiaoGang , Wang JiaMeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, a fuzzy active disturbance rejection controller (FADRC) is proposed for autonomous underwater vehicle manipulator system (AUVMS). First, the AUVMS is separated into nine subsystems. Then, for each subsystem, dynamic uncertainties, hydrodynamic forces, unknown disturbance, and nonlinear coupling effects are lumped into a total disturbance. Next, a linear extended state observer (LESO) and linear feedback control law are designed to estimate and compensate the total disturbance. The convergence and estimation error of the LESO are analyzed here to validate its performance. Then considering the control output in real industry are always limited, a saturated proportional‐derivative (PD) controller is proposed, and close‐loop stability of the controller can be ensured. Given the fact that there are many parameters to be scheduled in practical industrial applications, an FADRC is proposed to determine the parameters of the proposed LESO and saturated PD controller. The given fuzzy rules of the parameters' change of the saturated PD controller and bandwidths of LESO can be used in other FADRCs. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, two tasks are chosen to test the performance of trajectory tracking and the capability of rejecting and attenuating the total disturbance. Simulation shows that the proposed FADRC can achieve better performance and consume less energy than classic fuzzy logic controllers and linear active disturbance rejection controllers.
Selective Autophagy Pathway of Nanoparticles and Nanodrugs: Drug Delivery and Pathophysiological Effects
Authors: Raj Emmanuel Naveen , Lin Yu‐Wei , Chen Chien‐Hung , Liu Kuang‐Kai , Chao Jui‐I 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch attention has been given to selective autophagy due to its potential application in the pathophysiology of human diseases. The selective autophagy pathway contributes to the target recognition and degradation of intracellular components or foreign pathogens for maintaining cellular homeostasis in multiple organisms. Notably, this process is mediated by autophagy receptors in the recognition of autophagy cargoes through binding to the ubiquitin‐binding domain and LC3‐interacting region to the formation of autophagosomes. Nanotechnology is an emerging field; related research has focused on the study and manipulation of nanoscale materials that can be applied for numerous applications, especially for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. Nanoparticle‐mediated autophagy activation holds promise for use in autophagy‐related disease applications. The selective autophagy of nanoparticles and nanodrugs occurs through binding to ubiquitinated proteins, autophagy receptors, and LC3, the formation of nanoparticulosomes, and their delivery to lysosomes; the process is termed nanoparticulophagy. This review focuses on the mechanisms of nanoparticulophagy, the role of selective autophagy receptors, and potential applications in autophagy‐related diseases achieved using these nanoparticles and nanodrugs. Nanoparticulophagy will provide an understanding of related intracellular trafficking mechanisms and degradation pathways for processing nanoparticles and nanodrugs in terms of drug delivery and pathophysiological effects.