bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APRENDIZAGEM SIGINIFICATIVA: ANÁLISE DE MAPAS CONCEITUAIS A PARTIR DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DA RADIAÇÃO / MEANINGFUL LEARNING: ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTUAL MAPS FROM THE SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF RADIATION
Authors: Calheiro Lisiane Barcellos , Del Pino José Claudio , Palandi Joecir 
Published: April 2020

O trabalho apresenta resultados de uma análise de mapas mentais e conceituais, que teve por objetivo investigar as representações sociais compartilhadas por estudantes do ensino médio de uma escola pública sobre o tema Radiação e os possíveis indícios de aprendizagem significativa. Tal análise se deu a partir de mapas mentais e conceituais e textos explicativos elaborados pelos alunos, quando da implementação de três Unidades de Ensino Potencialmente Significativas - UEPS. Os mapas e textos foram desenvolvidos por estudantes em diferentes passos sequenciais das UEPS. A compreensão dessas representações pode auxiliar no processo de aprendizagem dos conceitos de Radiação, agregando as ideias do senso comum aos conceitos científicos estudados sobre o tema. Os resultados expressam a diversidade nas representações dos estudantes no mapa mental, mesclando elementos do senso comum com elementos, mesmo que superficiais, do conhecimento científico e apresentam indícios de aprendizagem significativa ao final da implementação das três UEPS.
Ultrafast Responsive Non‐Volatile Flash Photomemory via Spatially Addressable Perovskite/Block Copolymer Composite Film
Authors: Chang Yu‐Hsiang , Ku Chia‐Wei , Zhang Yi‐Hua , Wang Hsiang‐Chen , Chen Jung‐Yao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe exotic photophysical properties of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite with long exciton lifetimes and small binding energy have appeared as promising front‐runners for next‐generation non‐volatile flash photomemory. However, the long photo‐programming time of photomemory limits its application on light‐fidelity (Li‐Fi), which requires high storage capacity and short programming times. Herein, the spatially addressable perovskite in polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐PEO)/perovskite composite film as an photoactive floating gate is demonstrated to elucidate the effect of morphology on the photo‐responsive characteristics of photomemory. The chelation between lead ion and PEO segment promotes the anti‐solvent functionalities of the perovskite/PS‐b‐PEO composite film, thus allowing the solution‐processable poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) to act as the active channel. Through manipulating the interfacial area between perovskite and P3HT, fast photo‐induced charge transfer rate of 0.056 ns−1, high charge transfer efficiency of 89%, ON/OFF current ratio of 104, and extremely low programming time of 5 ms can be achieved. This solution‐processable and fast photo‐programmable non‐volatile flash photomemory can trigger the practical application on Li‐Fi.
Enargite Cu3PS4: A Cu–S‐Based Thermoelectric Material with a Wurtzite‐Derivative Structure
Authors: Tanimoto Takuya , Suekuni Koichiro , Tanishita Taiki , Usui Hidetomo , Tadano Terumasa , Kamei Taiga , Saito Hikaru , Nishiate Hirotaka , Lee Chul Ho , Kuroki Kazuhiko , Ohtaki Michitaka 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCompound semiconductors derived from ZnS (zincblende and wurtzite) with tetrahedral framework structures have functions for various applications. Examples of such materials include Cu–S‐based materials with zincblende‐derivative structures, which have attracted attention as thermoelectric (TE) materials over the past decade. This study illuminates superior TE performance in polycrystalline samples of enargite Cu3P1−xGexS4 with a wurtzite‐derivative structure. The substitution of Ge for P dopes holes into the top of the valence band composed of Cu‐3d and S‐3p, whereby its multiband characteristic leads to a high TE power factor. Furthermore, a reduction in the grain size to 50–300 nm can effectively decrease phonon mean free paths, leading to low thermal conductivity. These features result in a dimensionless TE figure of merit ZT of 0.5 at 673 K for the x = 0.2 sample. Environmentally benign and low‐cost characteristics of the constituent elements of Cu3PS4, as well as its high‐performance thermoelectricity, make it a promising candidate for large‐scale TE applications. Furthermore, this finding extends the development field of Cu–S‐based TE materials to those with wurtzite‐derivative structures.
Comparison of therapy‐related and de novo core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia: A bone marrow pathology group study
Authors: Rogers Heesun J. , Wang Xiaoqiong , Xie Yan , Davis Adam R. , Thakral Beenu , Wang Sa A. , Borthakur Gautam , Cantu Miguel D. , Margolskee Elizabeth M. , Philip John K. S. , Sukhanova Madina , Bagg Adam , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos E. , Orazi Attilio , Arber Daniel A. , Hsi Eric D. , Hasserjian Robert P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis multi‐institutional study retrospectively evaluated clinicopathologic and genetic characteristics in 351 patients with core‐binding‐factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF‐AML), comprising 69 therapy‐related (t‐CBF‐AML) and 282 de novo cases. The T‐CBF‐AML patients were older, had lower WBC counts, and slightly higher hemoglobin than patients with de novo disease. Secondary cytogenetic abnormalities were more frequent in patients with de novo disease than t‐CBF‐AML (57.1% vs 41.1%, P = .026). Patients with secondary cytogenetic abnormalities had longer overall survival (OS) than those without abnormalities (median 190 vs 87 months, P = .021); trisomy 8, trisomy 22, and loss of the X or Y chromosome were associated with longer OS. In the 165 cases performed of targeted gene sequencing, pathogenic mutations were detected in 75.7% of cases, and were more frequent in de novo than in therapy‐related disease (P = .013). Mutations were found in N/KRAS (37.0%), FLT3 (27.8%), KIT (17.2%), TET2 (4.9%), and ASXL1 (3.9%). The TET2 mutations were associated with shorter OS (P = .012) while N/KRAS mutation was associated with longer OS in t(8;21) AML patients (P = .001). The KIT mutation did not show prognostic significance in this cohort. Although they received similar therapy, t‐CBF‐AML patients had shorter OS than de novo patients (median 69 vs 190 months, P = .038). In multivariate analysis of all patients, older age and absence of any secondary cytogenetic abnormalities were significant predictors of shorter OS. Among the t‐CBF‐AML subset, age and hemoglobin were significant on multivariate analysis. This study demonstrated that although de novo and t‐CBF‐AML patients share many features, t‐CBF‐AML patients have worse clinical outcome than de novo patients.
DBU‐Promoted α‐Acylation of 2‐Oxindoles through Acyl C−C Bond Cleavage: Imidazolium Salts as an Emerging Acylating Agent
Authors: Muthuvel Karthick , Karthik Shanmugam , Gandhi Thirumanavelan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report a direct and effective metal‐free α‐acylation of 2‐oxindoles using C‐acyl imidazolium salts as an acylating agent via C(O)−C bond cleavage. The mild reaction conditions, affordable base, additive‐free and simple substrates make this methodology very attractive for easy access to 3‐alkylidene oxindoles – privilege biologically active oxindole derivatives. The wide substrate scope and gram‐scale preparation are notable features of this methodology.
Photo–thermo Catalytic Oxidation over a TiO2‐WO3‐Supported Platinum Catalyst
Authors: Kang Leilei , Liu Xiao Yan , Wang Aiqin , Li Lin , Ren Yujing , Li Xiaoyu , Pan Xiaoli , Li Yuanyuan , Zong Xu , Liu Hua , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhoto–thermo catalysis, which integrates photocatalysis on semiconductors with thermocatalysis on supported nonplasmonic metals, has emerged as an attractive approach to improve catalytic performance. However, an understanding of the mechanisms in operation is missing from both the thermo‐ and photocatalytic perspectives. Deep insights into photo–thermo catalysis are achieved via the catalytic oxidation of propane (C3H8) over a Pt/TiO2‐WO3 catalyst that severely suffers from oxygen poisoning at high O2/C3H8 ratios. After introducing UV/Vis light, the reaction temperature required to achieve 70 % conversion of C3H8 lowers to a record‐breaking 90 °C from 324 °C and the apparent activation energy drops from 130 kJ mol−1 to 11 kJ mol−1. Furthermore, the reaction order of O2 is −1.4 in dark but reverses to 0.1 under light, thereby suppressing oxygen poisoning of the Pt catalyst. An underlying mechanism is proposed based on direct evidence of the in‐situ‐captured reaction intermediates.
Fluoroalkylation of Diazo Compounds with Diverse Rfn Reagents
Authors: Wu Shuai , Song Hai‐Xia , Zhang Cheng‐Pan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProgress in the transition‐metal‐catalyzed or ‐free fluoroalkylation of diazo compounds with different types of fluoroalkyl (Rfn) transfer reagents is summarized in this review. Special attention is focused on the straightforward trifluoromethylation, gem‐difluoroolefination, trifluoromethoxylation, fluoroalkylthiolation, and trifluoromethylselenolation of diazo substrates. The mechanistic insights and the application of some of the products are also discussed in this article. We believe that this review will inspire both young and experienced chemists to further study the direct fluoroalkylation of diazo compounds as an efficient and convenient way to build complex fluorine‐containing molecules.
Kompass im Kopf
Authors: Fleischmann Pauline , Grob Robin , Rössler Wolfgang 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungErfolgreiche räumliche Orientierung ist für viele Tiere eine alltägliche Herausforderung. Cataglyphis‐Wüstenameisen sind bekannt für ihre Navigationsfähigkeiten, mit deren Hilfe sie nach langen Futtersuchläufen problemlos zum Nest zurückfinden. Wie aber nehmen naive Ameisen ihre Navigationssysteme in Betrieb? Nach mehrwöchigem Innendienst im dunklen Nest werden sie zu Sammlerinnen bei hellem Sonnenschein. Dieser Wechsel erfordert einen drastischen Wandel im Verhalten sowie neuronale Veränderungen im Gehirn. Erfahrene Ameisen orientieren sich vor allem visuell, sie nutzen einen Himmelskompass und Landmarkenpanoramen. Daher absolvieren naive Ameisen stereotype Lernläufe, um ihren Kompass zu kalibrieren und die Nestumgebung kennenzulernen. Während der Lernläufe blicken sie wiederholt zum Nesteingang zurück und prägen sich so ihren Heimweg ein. Zur Ausrichtung ihrer Blicke nutzen sie das Erdmagnetfeld als Kompassreferenz. Cataglyphis‐Ameisen besitzen hierfür einen Magnetkompass, der bislang unbekannt war.
Was Fischparasiten über ihre Umwelt preisgeben
Authors: Pietrock Michael 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungParasitismus ist in der Natur weit verbreitet und wird als einer der erfolgreichsten Lebensstile angesehen. Im Gegensatz dazu führen parasitologische Themen in biologischen Lehrbüchern und Lehrplänen jedoch meist nur ein Schattendasein und adressieren vor allem human‐ und veterinärpathologische Aspekte. Gleichwohl können ökologische Auswirkungen von Parasiten sehr vielschichtig sein. In der Gewässerforschung kann die Erhebung parasitologischer Daten mit relativ kostengünstigen und einfachen (mikroskopischen) Methoden zahlreiche Zusatzinformationen liefern, so z. B. zur Biologie der Wirte, zu trophischen Interaktionen, zur Biodiversität und Qualität aquatischer Lebensräume. Kenntnisse zu den Lebenszyklen und Übertragungswegen der Schmarotzer sind jedoch erforderlich, um aus parasitologischen Daten den größtmöglichen Nutzen für die Beantwortung gewässerökologischer Fragen zu ziehen.
Three‐dimensional volumetric measurement of the aortic root compared to standard two‐dimensional measurements using cardiac computed tomography
Authors: Suzuki Masataka , Mori Shumpei , Izawa Yu , Shimoyama Shinsuke , Takahashi Yu , Toh Hiroyuki , Tsuda Daisuke , Toba Takayoshi , Fujiwara Sei , Tanaka Hidekazu , Hirata Ken‐ichi , Anderson Robert H. , Tretter Justin T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionTwo‐dimensional measurements are self‐evidently limited when seeking accurately to represent the three‐dimensional complexity of the aortic root. Volumetric measurement, therefore, seems an ideal alternative for a more accurate assessment.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 123 individuals undergoing cardiac computed tomography. We measured the dimensions of the sinuses of Valsalva using routine multiplanar short axis imaging. Three conventional two‐dimensional methods were applied to measure the dimensions of the sinuses. These involved bisecting center of sinus‐to‐center of interleaflet triangle measures, along with center of sinus‐to‐center of sinus, and largest sinus‐to‐sinus measurements. We then quantified the volumes of the root using the volume‐rendering method.ResultsThe mean dimensions of the sinuses were significantly greater when measured using the largest sinus‐to‐sinus method as opposed to center of sinus‐to‐center of interleaflet triangle and center of sinus‐to‐center of sinus methods (33.6 ± 3.6 mm vs. 31.1 ± 3.1 mm and 30.9 ± 3.3 mm, p < .0001). The mean root volume of 13.6 ± 4.2 ml showed the strongest correlation with the mean dimensions of the sinuses of Valsalva measured using the bisecting method (R2 = .8401, p < .0001).ConclusionsBy using two‐ and three‐dimensional measurements, we have provided average data for the structurally normal aortic root. The differences and correlations encountered should be noted when evaluating and following changes in the diseased root.
‘How can you be strong all the time?’ Discourses of stoicism in the first counselling session of young male clients
Authors: Martin Sam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundBeing ‘strong and silent’ has long been a definitive masculine stereotype. However, research shows that stoicism and the strict control of feelings can contribute to grave consequences for young men who suffer with depression.AimThis study aims to explore stoicism in the talk of young male clients in their first counselling session.MethodRecordings of the first counselling sessions of six male university students attending a university counselling and psychotherapy research clinic, were listened to, transcribed and analysed using a Foucauldian method of discourse analysis.Results/FindingsDiscourses of stoicism presented a number of different, often opposing, constructions. The male clients were aware of a ‘strong and silent’ masculinity and talked about a number of conflicts when coming to counselling. They were seen to negotiate with the counsellor the struggle to share and express feelings while maintaining a masculine identity. Stoicism was constructed as a useful emotional resilience but also as a dysfunctional barrier to showing caring feelings.ConclusionsThis research enhances understanding of conflicts of stoicism in counselling for practitioners working with young male clients. The findings can contribute to professional practice by helping practitioners recognise the tension for male clients opening up and expressing their feelings to a counsellor, as well as encouraging practitioners to respond in a way that opens up a dialogue about constricting masculine stereotypes.
‘It was almost like the opposite of what I needed’: A qualitative exploration of client experiences of unhelpful therapy
Authors: Bowie Christine , McLeod Julia , McLeod John 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe issue of unhelpful and harmful therapy outcome has received an increasing amount of attention within the research literature in recent years. However, little research exists on the client's perspective of what constitutes unhelpful therapy.AimThe aim of this study was to explore clients’ experiences of unhelpful therapy.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were carried out with ten therapists who, as clients, experienced unhelpful therapy. Interview transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.FindingsParticipants recounted therapy episodes characterised by an absence of negotiation, collaboration and care; pivotal moments when they knew that they would not return; and ongoing negative effects.ConclusionsThe findings of this study have implications for training and strategies for supporting clients who have been harmed by therapy.
Insights into the Charge Storage Mechanism of Li3VO4 Anode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Asakura Ryo , Bolli Christoph , Novák Petr , Robert Rosa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBall‐milled Li3VO4 (LVO) offers higher practical specific charge values and better cycle stability than the pristine, μm‐scale material due to improved electronic conductivity within the electrode. Although the theoretical specific charge of LVO is estimated to be 592 mAh g−1, its practical reversible specific charge retains 220 mAh g−1 (1.12 Li+) on long‐term cycling. At a very low rate of C/200 (=3 mA g−1), ball‐milled Li3VO4‐based anodes accomplish an almost full lithiation state of x=2.97 Li+ in Li3+xVO4. At the end of the first delithiation, the recovered LVO phase is able to only reversibly (de)lithiate about 1.8 Li+ in the following cycles. A careful investigation of the charge storage mechanism of LVO by operando X‐ray diffraction revealed that the irreversible specific charge “loss” in the first cycle is mainly associated with an irreversible structural transformation via an intermediate phase on the first lithiation of LVO that leads to clear mechanistic differences in the reaction pathways between the first lithiation and delithiation.
Nickel Cobalt Phosphite Nanorods Decorated with Carbon Nanotubes as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts in Alkaline Medium with a High Yield of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Sathiskumar Chinnusamy , Alex Chandraraj , John Neena S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is highly desirable to develop an energy generation system comprising a low‐cost and earth‐abundant non‐noble metal catalyst for bifunctional electrocatalysis with good overall process performance, especially for applications in fuel cells or metal‐air batteries. In this report, we show that nickel cobalt phosphite (NiCo−Phi) decorated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can perform as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions (OER and ORR, respectively). The NiCo−Phi/CNT composite is synthesized by employing a simple, single‐step hydrothermal method. The morphology of the composite consists of nanorod bundles of NiCo−Phi decorated with CNTs. The synthesized NiCo−Phi/CNT composite exhibits enhanced electrochemical OER activity with an overpotential of 400 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and a Tafel slope value of 117 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH, possessing high stability towards the OER for 20 h. The ORR using the same catalyst shows an onset potential of 0.75 V and a Tafel slope of 100 mV dec−1 in 0.1 M KOH with high‐yield production of H2O2 (85 %). The predominant formation of H2O2 occurs mainly through a two‐electron transfer process, as established by mass‐controlled kinetic studies and has not been observed previously in these phosphorous oxy anion‐based materials. The superior bifunctional nature of NiCo−Phi/CNT towards the OER and ORR arises from the synergistic effect of doped metal phosphites and CNTs.
In Situ Synthesis and Applications for Polyinterhalides Based on BrCl
Authors: Schmidt Benjamin , Ponath Sebastian , Hannemann Johannes , Voßnacker Patrick , Sonnenberg Karsten , Christmann Mathias , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe use of neat BrCl in organic and inorganic chemistry is limited due to its gaseous aggregate state and especially its decomposition into Cl2 and Br2. The stabilization of BrCl in form of reactive ionic liquids via a novel in situ synthesis route shifts this equilibrium drastically to the BrCl side, which leads to safer and easier‐to‐handle interhalogenation reagents. Furthermore, the crystalline derivatives of the hitherto unknown [Cl(BrCl)2]− and [Cl(BrCl)4]− anions were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and IR spectroscopy, as well as quantum chemical calculations.
Zelkovamycin is an OXPHOS Inhibitory Member of the Argyrin Natural Product Family
Authors: Krahn Daniel , Heilmann Geronimo , Vogel Felix C. E. , Papadopoulos Chrisovalantis , Zweerink Susanne , Kaschani Farnusch , Meyer Hemmo , Roesch Alexander , Kaiser Markus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNatural products (NPs) are an important inspirational source for developing drugs and chemical probes. In 1999, the group of Ōmura reported the constitutional elucidation of zelkovamycin. Although largely unrecognized so far, this NP displays structural similarities as well as differences to the argyrin NP family, a class of peptidic NPs with promising anticancer activities and diverse mode‐of‐action at the molecular level. By a combination of structure elucidation experiments, the first total synthesis of zelkovamycin and bioassays, the zelkovamycin configuration was determined and its previously proposed molecular structure was revised. The full structure assignment proves zelkovamycin as an additional member of the argyrins with however unique OXPHOS inhibitory properties. Zelkovamycin may therefore not only serve as a new starting point for chemical inhibitors of the OXPHOS system, but also guide customized argyrin NP isolation and biosynthesis studies.
Novel Flexible Electrochemical Microreactor and its Validation by Three Model Electrosyntheses
Authors: Ziogas Athanassios , Hofmann Christian , Baranyai Sebastian , Löb Patrick , Kolb Gunther 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novel flexible electrochemical microreactor has been developed. Flexibility is reached by a modular design, suitability for a broad process parameter range including high pressure operation, and accessibility of production scale. Selected reactor aspects have been validated by applying the reactor to three different electrosyntheses: synthesis of tailor‐made mixtures of paraffins by Kolbe electrolysis, cation flow method, and synthesis of peroxodicarbonate. High conversion rates, yields, selectivities, and Faraday efficiency levels have been observed, showing precise process control.
Power‐to‐Gas: CO2 Methanation Concepts for SNG Production at the Engler‐Bunte‐Institut
Authors: Held Mathias , Schollenberger Dominik , Sauerschell Simon , Bajohr Siegfried , Kolb Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPower‐to‐Gas approaches comprise different activities to store electric power in form of gaseous energy carriers like hydrogen or methane. The synthesis of SNG (substitute natural gas) and its injection into the natural gas grid allows the utilization of the well‐established infrastructure for natural gas storage, distribution and utilization without the need for further changes to the energy system. At the Engler‐Bunte‐Institut research focuses on catalytic methanation in catalytically coated metallic honeycomb reactors and in slurry bubble column reactors with the aim of evaluating alternative reactor concepts offering optimized heat transfer characteristics as well as maximizing the possibility of dynamic operation. Both concepts are attractive for small to medium scale power‐to‐gas applications. Hence, a scale‐up was performed for bothreactor concepts with the aim of implementation on commercial scale.