bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication adherence to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs among patients with rheumatoid arthritis at Assiut University Hospital, Egypt
Authors: Mahran Safaa A. , Khedr Tayser Mohamed , Mohammed Esraa Moustafa , El-Hakeim Eman Mohamed Hussein 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disabling autoimmune disease with predilection to synovial joints and many extraarticular manifestations. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are the cornerstone and initial therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Although medication adherence is crucial for successful therapy, non-adherence is a substantial problem in some. This study aimed to determine the adherence rate of treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in an Egyptian university hospital. In this study, seventy-three adult rheumatoid arthritis patients who are on disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs treatment for at least 6 months were included in this study. After full history and clinical examination, assessment of the adherence rate to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs was done using the Clinician Rating Scale. Measuring the quality of life using the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index and screening for depression and anxiety using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were done. The socio-economic level of the patients was assessed by socio-economic status scale.

Results
In the current study, 65.1% of the patients were highly adherent to their disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) medications, while 26% showed middle level of adherence. There was a significant difference between medication adherence and anxiety, but not with other demographic data, clinical data, disease activity, or socio-economic level.

Conclusion
In this study, no significant difference was found between medication adherence and demographic, clinical, or socio-economic data. However, anxiety was significantly related to DMARD adherence in the studied group. Age and HAQ-DI were found to be strong predictors to medication adherence in our RA patients. Further studies should be conducted on a large number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis to become generalizable to a broader population.
Lowering dementia risk and slowing progression of disease: the role of cognitive reserve and cognitive training
Authors: Scherrer Jeffrey F. , Morley John E. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAlmeida-Meza et al found an inverse correlation between cognitive reserve (associated with educational level, complexity of occupations and leisure activities) and dementia incidence. We suggest clarifying studies using their data-set and consider what can be done to modify socioeconomic inequalities that affect cognitive reserve or to slow early dementia.
A Cautionary Tale: Quantitative LC-HRMS Analytical Procedures for the Analysis of N-Nitrosodimethylamine in Metformin
Authors: Yang Jingyue , Marzan Tim Andres , Ye Wei , Sommers Cynthia D. , Rodriguez Jason D. , Keire David A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA private testing laboratory reported in a Citizen Petition (CP) to FDA that 16 of 38 metformin drug products they tested had N-nitrosodimethyl amine (NDMA) amounts above the allowable intake (AI) of 96 ng/day. Because the FDA had been monitoring drugs for nitrosamines, orthogonal analytical procedures had been developed, validated and applied to detect the following nitrosamines in metformin drug products (if present): (i) NDMA (with a dedicated method) or (ii) NDMA (with a second confirmatory method), N-nitroso-diethylamine (NDEA), N-ethyl-N-nitroso-2-propanamine (NEIPA), N-nitroso-diisopropylamine (NDIPA), N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-nitroso-methylphenylamine (NMPA), N-nitroso-di-n-butylamine (NDBA) and N-nitroso-N-methyl-4-aminobutyric acid (NMBA). In contrast to the private laboratory results, FDA testing on the same set of 38 samples with orthogonal procedures observed amounts over the AI in only 8 of the 38 products and generally observed lower values than reported by the private testing laboratory. As described here, the investigation into the cause of the discrepancy revealed that N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) can interfere with NDMA measurements. The data showed that the use of sufficient mass accuracy in the data acquisition and appropriate mass tolerance setting in the data processing to assure the selectivity of mass spectrometry measurements of NDMA in the presence of co-eluting DMF was necessary to prevent overestimation of the level of NDMA in metformin drug products. Overall, care should be taken to assure the necessary specificity in analytical procedures for adequate assessment of the nitrosamine level in drug products that also contain DMF or other potential interfering substances.
Lack of AR in LepRb Cells Disrupts Ambulatory Activity and Neuroendocrine Axes in a Sex-Specific Manner in Mice
Authors: Cara Alexandra L , Myers Martin G , Elias Carol F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Disorders of androgen imbalance, such as hyperandrogenism in females or hypoandrogenism in males, increase risk of visceral adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and infertility. Androgens act upon androgen receptors (AR) which are expressed in many tissues. In the brain, AR are abundant in hypothalamic nuclei involved in regulation of reproduction and energy homeostasis, yet the role of androgens acting via AR in specific neuronal populations has not been fully elucidated. Leptin receptor (LepRb)–expressing neurons coexpress AR predominantly in hypothalamic arcuate and ventral premammillary nuclei (ARH and PMv, respectively), with low colocalization in other LepRb neuronal populations, and very low colocalization in the pituitary gland and gonads. Deletion of AR from LepRb-expressing cells (LepRbΔAR) has no effect on body weight, energy expenditure, and glucose homeostasis in male and female mice. However, LepRbΔAR female mice show increased body length later in life, whereas male LepRbΔAR mice show an increase in spontaneous ambulatory activity. LepRbΔAR mice display typical pubertal timing, estrous cycles, and fertility, but increased testosterone levels in males. Removal of sex steroid negative feedback action induced an exaggerated rise in luteinizing hormone in LepRbΔAR males and follicle-stimulating hormone in LepRbΔAR females. Our findings show that AR can directly affect a subset of ARH and PMv neurons in a sex-specific manner and demonstrate specific androgenic actions in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus.
Recurrent requirement for the m6A-ECT2/ECT3/ECT4 axis in the control of cell proliferation during plant organogenesis
Authors: Arribas-Hernández Laura , Simonini Sara , Hansen Mathias Henning , Paredes Esther Botterweg , Bressendorff Simon , Dong Yang , Østergaard Lars , Brodersen Peter 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
mRNA methylation at the N6-position of adenosine (m6A) enables multiple layers of post-transcriptional gene control, often via RNA-binding proteins that use a YT521-B homology (YTH) domain for specific m6A recognition. In Arabidopsis, normal leaf morphogenesis and rate of leaf formation require m6A and the YTH-domain proteins ECT2, ECT3 and ECT4. In this study, we show that ect2/ect3 and ect2/ect3/ect4 mutants also exhibit slow root and stem growth, slow flower formation, defective directionality of root growth, and aberrant flower and fruit morphology. In all cases, the m6A-binding site of ECT proteins is required for in vivo function. We also demonstrate that both m6A methyltransferase mutants and ect2/ect3/ect4 exhibit aberrant floral phyllotaxis. Consistent with the delayed organogenesis phenotypes, we observe particularly high expression of ECT2, ECT3 and ECT4 in rapidly dividing cells of organ primordia. Accordingly, ect2/ect3/ect4 mutants exhibit decreased rates of cell division in leaf and vascular primordia. Thus, the m6A-ECT2/ECT3/ECT4 axis is employed as a recurrent module to stimulate plant organogenesis, at least in part by enabling rapid cellular proliferation.
Occupational therapy: The key to unlocking locked-up occupations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kamalakannan Sureshkumar , Chakraborty Stuti 
Published: July 2020

Occupations refer to the everyday activities that people do as individuals, in families and with communities to occupy time and bring meaning and purpose to life. It is not always limited to just paid employment. Occupations of the global population have been adversely affected in one way or the other because of this COVID-19 pandemic. Four different key sects of occupations were majorly affected. These are the occupations of those who are or were COVID-positive, occupations of healthy individuals affected by COVID-19/lockdown, occupations of the population highly susceptible and vulnerable of contracting COVID-19 and occupations having a direct impact on global market, supply chain or economy. These occupations were locked up due to the pandemic lockdown.Occupational therapists can scientifically analyse occupations and help formulate exit strategies for the lockdown. They are experts who understand and study the different ways of measuring participation in occupation to develop innovative strategies and therapeutic interventions to facilitate individuals’ engagement in occupations. They can unravel the pragmatic strategies for preventing transmission (physical distancing, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment usage and decontamination) despite engaging in occupations safely and effectively. Nourishing this niche and essential science is pertinent, not just in this pandemic context but also against a backdrop of health and social care research, policy, practice and education for the future.
Distal interlocking for short trochanteric nails: static, dynamic or no locking? Review of the literature and decision algorithm
Authors: Buruian Alexei , Silva Gomes Francisco , Roseiro Tiago , Vale Claudia , Carvalho André , Seiça Emanuel , Mendes Antonio , Pereira Carlos 
Published: July 2020

Pertrochanteric hip fractures are among the most common and the use of short cephalomedullary nails as the treatment of choice is increasing. A systematic review regarding distal locking options for short cephalomedullary nails was undertaken using Medline/PubMed®, Embase® and Cochrane Library® in order to evaluate current indications, associated complications and to provide treatment recommendations. The results seem to support the use of distal static locking for unstable fractures, dynamic locking for length stable/rotational unstable fractures and no locking for stable fractures. Complications associated with distal locking include iatrogenic fractures, thigh pain, delayed union and nonunion, implant failure, screw loosening and breaking, drill bit breaking, soft tissue irritation, femoral artery branch injury, intramuscular haematoma and compartment syndrome. It is also associated with longer operative time and radiation exposure. In unlocked constructs, dorsomedial comminution and nail/medullary canal mismatch contribute to peri-implant fractures. Anterior cortical impingement is associated with cut-out and nonunion. Most studies comparing distally locked and unlocked nails report a short follow-up. Distal locking mode should be based on the fracture’s stability. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:421-429. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190045
Kinematic alignment in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Nisar Sohail , Palan Jeya , Rivière Charles , Emerton Mark , Pandit Hemant 
Published: July 2020

Kinematic alignment (KA) is an alternative philosophy for aligning a total knee replacement (TKR) which aims to restore all three kinematic axes of the native knee. Many of the studies on KA have actually described non-KA techniques, which has led to much confusion about what actually fits the definition of KA. Alignment should only be measured using three-dimensional cross-sectional imaging. Many of the studies looking at the influence of implants/limb alignment on total knee arthroplasty outcomes are of limited value because of the use of two-dimensional imaging to measure alignment, potentially leading to inaccuracy. No studies have shown KA to be associated with higher complication rates or with worse implant survival; and the clinical outcomes following KA tend to be at least as good as mechanical alignment. Further high-quality multi-centre randomized controlled trials are needed to establish whether KA provides better function and without adversely impacting implant survival.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:380-390. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200010
Stability of Variables Derived From Measures of Multisensory Function in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Dunham Kacie , Feldman Jacob I. , Liu Yupeng , Cassidy Margaret , Conrad Julie G. , Santapuram Pooja , Suzman Evan , Tu Alexander , Butera Iliza , Simon David M. , Broderick Neill , Wallace Mark T. , Lewkowicz David , Woynaroski Tiffany G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display differences in multisensory function as quantified by several different measures. This study estimated the stability of variables derived from commonly used measures of multisensory function in school-aged children with ASD. Participants completed: a simultaneity judgment task for audiovisual speech, tasks designed to elicit the McGurk effect, listening-in-noise tasks, electroencephalographic recordings, and eye-tracking tasks. Results indicate the stability of indices derived from tasks tapping multisensory processing is variable. These findings have important implications for measurement in future research. Averaging scores across repeated observations will often be required to obtain acceptably stable estimates and, thus, to increase the likelihood of detecting effects of interest, as it relates to multisensory processing in children with ASD.
Spiking dynamics of frequency upconverted field generated in continuous-wave excited rubidium vapors
Authors: Akulshin Alexander M. , Rahaman Nafia , Suslov Sergey A. , Budker Dmitry , McLean Russell J. 
Published: July 2020

We report on spiking dynamics of frequency upconverted emission at
420 nm generated on the

6

P

3

/

2

−

5

S

1

/

2

transition in Rb vapor two-photon
excited to the

5

D

5

/

2

level with laser light at 780 and
776 nm. The spike duration is shorter than the natural lifetime of any
excited level involved in the interaction with both continuous and
pulsed pump radiation. The spikes at 420 nm are attributed to temporal
properties of the directional emission at 5.23 µm generated on the
population-inverted

5

D

5

/

2

−

6

P

3

/

2

transition. A link between the
spiking regime and cooperative effects is discussed. We suggest that
the observed stochastic behavior is due to the quantum-mechanical
nature of the cooperative effects rather than random fluctuation of
the applied laser fields.
Speckled speckled speckle
Authors: Dove Justin , Shapiro Jeffrey H. 
Published: July 2020

Speckle is the spatial fluctuation of irradiance seen when coherent light is reflected from a rough surface. It is due to light reflected from the surface’s many nooks and crannies accumulating vastly discrepant time delays, spanning much more than an optical period, en route to an observation point. Although speckle with continuous-wave (cw) illumination is well understood, the emerging interest in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) imaging using coherent light has created the need to understand the higher-order speckle that results from multiple rough-surface reflections, viz., speckled speckle and speckled speckled speckle. Moreover, the recent introduction of phasor-field (

P

-field) NLoS imaging—which relies on amplitude-modulated coherent illumination—requires pushing beyond cw scenarios for speckle and higher-order speckle. In this paper, we take first steps in addressing the foregoing needs using a three-diffuser transmissive geometry that is a proxy for three-bounce NLoS imaging. In the small-diffusers limit, we show that the irradiance variances of cw and modulated nth-order speckle coincide and are (2
n
− 1)-times those of ordinary (first-order) speckle. The more important case for NLoS imaging, however, involves extended diffuse reflectors. For our transmissive geometry with extended diffusers, we treat third-order cw speckle and first-order modulated speckle. Our results there imply that speckle is unlikely to impede successful operation of coherent-illumination cw imagers, and they suggest that the same might be true for

P

-field imagers.
Incentivierung von Prosumern auf einem elektronischen Marktplatz für personennahe Dienstleistungen
Authors: Hofmann Jan 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Kontext des BMBF-geförderten Verbundprojekts INSELpro bieten Prosumer ihre Dienste auf einem Markt der örtlichen Nachbarschaftsdienstleistungen an. Hilfebedürftigen Mitbürgern in einem geografischen Quartierbereich werden über die Dienstleistungsplattform zu ihrer jeweiligen Unterstützungsanforderung passende Helfer vermittelt, die sich grundsätzlich dazu bereit erklärt haben, Hilfe zu leisten. Nachfrage und Angebot werden über eine Sharing-Plattform vermittelt, aber außerhalb dieser endgültig vereinbart und erbracht. Die Besonderheit ist dabei, dass die Auswahl der Hilfswilligen für die Anfrager auf Basis einer Matrix aus benötigten und vorhandenen Fähigkeiten eingeschränkt wird, was die Vermittlungsqualität verbessert.Das Forschungsprojekt setzt auf den wissenschaftlichen Ansatz des Prototyping, bei dem ein Artefakt (hier: die Vermittlungsplattform mit einer App als Frontend) in mehreren iterativen Zyklen entwickelt wird. Dabei sind jeweils nutzerzentrierte Evaluationen direkt an die einzelnen Entwicklungsschritte angekoppelt, um ggf. Fehlentwicklungen direkt gegensteuern zu können.Um die Beteiligung an dieser elektronisch unterstützten und koordinierten Art der Nachbarschaftshilfe auszubauen bzw. auf einem hohen Niveau zu halten, sind unterschiedliche Maßnahmen denkbar. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt Ansätze zur Incentivierung der beteiligten Prosumenten auf, die sowohl online als auch offline durchführbar sind.
Surviving Technopolis: Essays on Finding Balance in Our New Man-Made Environments, Arthur W. Hunt III (2013)
Authors: Casey Cheryl A. 
Published: July 2020

Review of: Surviving Technopolis: Essays on Finding Balance in Our New Man-Made Environments, Arthur W. Hunt III (2013)
Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 130 pp.,
ISBN-13 978-1-49826-596-6, h/bk, $36.00, p/bk, $16.00, Kindle, $9.99
Análisis de sentimientos en Twitter aplicado al #impeachment de Donald Trump
Authors: Rodríguez-Díaz Karines , Haber-Guerra Yamile 
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo expone conclusiones sobre los sentimientos emitidos en Twitter con respecto al impeachment de Donald Trump. Asumimos un enfoque mixto, de tipo descriptivo, que permitió la obtención de resultados sobre aspectos emotivos asociados al discurso de usuarios de Estados Unidos en la esfera pública. La perspectiva investigativa utilizada reside en una estrategia transdisciplinar para entender los sentimientos relevantes de los tweets en el contexto de su producción. En el caso de estudio se aplican metodologías de minería de datos y sus tipologías: texto, grafo y multimedia, así como el análisis del discurso multimodal para la extracción y evaluación de valores afectivos respecto al juicio. Proponemos tener en cuenta todos los soportes, códigos y prácticas de producción discursiva en el microblogging: los textos escritos e hipertextos, enlaces sociales, reacciones, contenidos multimediales y las identidades de los usuarios en una relación sistémica de significados. Las publicaciones de las comunidades virtuales en las redes sociales sobre procesos políticos son de vital estudio en situaciones electorales y acontecimientos mediáticos de alto grado de polarización.
Irony in Kate Chopin’s Selected Short Stories
Authors: Hassan Hazha S. , Tayib Chinar K. 
Published: July 2020

Many authors often employ irony as a powerful literary device since it makes the language of their literary works more suggestive and more emphatic. They usually use irony as a kind of satire, thereby to emphasize faults in their characters or in society in general. Among the American writers who use irony in their short stories is Kate Chopin. This study aims to discuss the nature of irony in Kate Chopin’s three short stories, “The Story of an Hour”, “The Storm”, and “Desiree’s Baby”. The study tries to analyze the presence of three main types of irony, their functions, their relation to the theme or message of the story, and the reasons behind the use of irony. The study concludes that though Chopin satirizes her contemporary society through irony, her irony is neither humorous nor funny but invariably tragic. She deliberately uses irony in her stories. She creates an atmosphere of suspense by adding turns and twists to the stories in order to shock the reader. Another reason for using irony is to employ her unconventional ideas about the condition of women and to bring the reader to the main theme of the story. Moreover, the ultimate goal behind all is to criticize as well as to highlight the flaws of the American patriarchal society of her lifetime and to support her feminist ideas.
Giving and Interpreting Compliments in English and Kurdish
Authors: Fattah Bikhtiyar O. 
Published: July 2020

Compliment as one of the language strategies is used to soften the process of interactions. The way that compliments are given or interpreted as well as the frequency of using them vary from a language to another, from a community to another, and from a person to another. This study tries to track down compliments to illustrate their differences and the similarities in both concerned communities. Complimenting as a lubricant strategy does not always fulfill the purpose, and cannot always be easily employed due to the interactants' differences in terms of cultural backgrounds, social status, gender, and many other social and personal issues. Therefore, giving compliments is regarded as one of the problematic issues, and may cause a kind of misunderstanding among the interactants particularly in a cross-cultural environment. This study draws on both quantitative and qualitative approaches in the process of data collection. It aims at examining the giving and interpretation of compliment from a socio-pragmatic perspective. It comprehensively considers the concept of compliment, diversity of compliments across cultures, the differences in giving compliments in English and Kurdish as well as showing the relationship between compliment and flattery in these two different communities.
Imagism and Imagery in the Selected Poems of Major Imagist Poets
Authors: Hama Bakhtiar S. 
Published: July 2020

This paper explores imagism and studies the intrinsic literary features of some poems to show how the authors combine all the elements such as style, sentence structure, figures of speech and poetic diction to paint concrete and abstract images in the mind of the readers. Imagism was an early 20th century literary movement and a reaction against the Romantic and Victorian mainstreams. Imagism is known as an Anglo-American literary movement since it borrows from the English and American verse style of modern poetry. The leaders of the movement set some rules for writing imagist poems. The authors of the group believed that poets are like painters; what the painters can do with brush and dye, poets can do it with language i.e. painting pictures with words. The poems are descriptive; the poets capture the images they experience with one or more of the five senses. They believed that readers could see the realities from their eyes because the texts are like a painting. In this paper, six poems by six prominent leaders of the movement will be scrutinized according to the main principles of the formalistic approach which is the interpretation and analysis of the literary devices pertained to the concrete and abstract images drawn by the poets. The poems are: In a Station of the Metro by Ezra Pound, Autumn by T. E. Hulme, November by Amy Lowell, Oread by Hilda Doolittle (H.D.), and Bombardment by Richard Aldington