bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to avoid describing your radiological research study incorrectly
Authors: Halligan Steve , Kenis Shedrack F. , Abeyakoon Oshaani , Plumb Andrew A. O. , Mallett Susan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This review identifies and examines terms used to describe a radiological research “study” or “trial”. A taxonomy of clinical research descriptions is explained with reference to medical imaging examples. Because many descriptive terms have precise methodological implications, it is important that these terms are understood by readers and used correctly by researchers, so that the reader is not misled.

Key Points
• Multiple different terms are being used to describe radiological research “studies” and “trials”, and many of these terms have precise methodological implications.
• Radiological researchers sometimes use titles that describe their research incorrectly. This can mislead the reader as to what was actually done.
• It is important that readers and researchers understand the correct taxonomy of clinical research and that researchers adopt the correct description for their work.
Fracture fixation versus revision arthroplasty in Vancouver type B2 and B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures: a systematic review
Authors: Stoffel Karl , Blauth Michael , Joeris Alexander , Blumenthal Andrea , Rometsch Elke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionHip arthroplasty (HA) is commonly performed to treat various hip pathologies. Its volume is expected to rise further due to the increasing age of the population. Complication rates are low; however, periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) are a rare, albeit serious, complication with substantial economic impact. While current guidelines propose revision with long-stemmed prostheses for all Vancouver B2 and B3 PFF, some recent research papers suggest that open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) could lead to an equivalent outcome. Our aim was to summarize the evidence, elucidating under which circumstances ORIF leads to a favorable outcome after B2 and B3 PFF compared with revision surgery.Materials and methodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify studies on patients treated with ORIF and with stem revision after B2 and/or B3 fractures. Extracted information included initial pathology, stem fixation mechanism, bone quality and stem stability at the time of PFF, clinical outcomes, and mortality. Results of individual studies were summarized in a table in lieu of a quantitative data synthesis due to a lack of standardized information.ResultsWe identified 14 original research articles including both patients treated with ORIF and with stem revision after B2 and/or B3 PFF. Five studies included statistical comparisons, all were in favor of ORIF or indeterminate. The common lack of rigorous statistical analyses and significant methodological weaknesses made identification of outcome predictors impossible.ConclusionThe choice of treatment modality for PFF depends on fracture, implant, and bone characteristics. Recent data show that successful outcome can be achieved without revising loose stems. ORIF may be a viable option if bone stock is adequate around uncemented or tapered polished stems with an intact cement mantle and the fracture geometry allows stable anatomic reconstruction. Conceptional considerations support this idea, but more data are needed to identify outcome predictors.
Single- versus double-bundle patellar graft insertion for isolated MPFL reconstruction in patients with patellofemoral instability: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Trivellas Andromahi , Colarossi Giorgia , Eschweiler Jörg , Tingart Markus , Rath Björn 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The MPFL reconstruction is performed either via a single-bundle (SB) or double-bundle (DB) procedure. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review comparing SB versus DB graft for recurrent patellofemoral instability, to summarize current evidence, and to clarify the role of both techniques. We focused on clinical scores, physical examination, complications, revision surgeries, and failures.

Material and methods
In May of 2019 the main online databases were accessed. All the clinical studies treating isolated MPFL reconstruction for patellofemoral instability through a single and/or double-bundle graft were enrolled in the present systematic review. Only articles reporting primary isolated MPFL reconstruction, reporting a minimum of 12-months follow-up were considered for inclusion.

Results
The scores of interest were in favour of the DB cohort: Kujala (+ 3.2, P = 0.03), Lysholm (+ 5.1, P = 0.001), Tegner (+ 0.3, P = 0.2), IKDC (+ 5.4, P = 0.01), VAS (+ 0.8, P = 0.3), ROM (+ 9.96, P = 0.04). In the DB graft, a reduction of overall complications (OR 0.59; P = 0.1), further surgeries (OR 0.64; P = 0.12) and re-dislocations (OR 0.61; P = 0.16) was observed. The SB group reported a reduction in the post-operative apprehension test (OR 2.42; P = 0.24).

Conclusion
Current study support the use of double-bundle tendon graft for isolated MPFL reconstruction in selected patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability.
Can portable air quality monitors protect children from air pollution on the school run? An exploratory study
Authors: Heydon James , Chakraborty Rohit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith air quality issues in urban areas garnering increasing media attention, concerned citizens are beginning to engage with air monitoring technology as a means of identifying and responding to the environmental risks posed. However, while much has been written about the accuracy of this sensing equipment, little research has been conducted into the effect it has on users. As such, this research deploys coping theory to explore the specific ways in which portable air quality sensors influence user behaviour. This is done using a qualitative exploratory design, targeting parents and carers of children on the school run. Drawing from survey and interview responses, the article illustrates the decision-making pathways underpinning engagement with monitors and the ways in which they influence beliefs and behaviours around air pollution. The study demonstrates that personal environmental monitors can play a role in protecting children from air pollution on the school run. They can raise awareness about air pollution and disrupt misconceptions about where it does and does not occur. They can also encourage the public to change their behaviour in an attempt to mitigate and manage risks. However, the findings additionally reveal that sensor technology does not generate a simple binary response among users, of behavioural change or not. When attempts at behavioural change fail to reduce risk, resulting negative feelings can lead to inaction. Hence, the relationship between the technology and the individual is entwined with various social circumstances often beyond a parent or carer’s control. Thus, top-down support aimed at tackling air pollution at source is essential if this bottom-up technology is to fulfil its full potential.
Higher Order Corrections to the Mean-Field Description of the Dynamics of Interacting Bosons
Authors: Boßmann Lea , Pavlović Nataša , Pickl Peter , Soffer Avy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a novel method for deriving higher order corrections to the mean-field description of the dynamics of interacting bosons. More precisely, we consider the dynamics of N$$d$$d-dimensional bosons for large N. The bosons initially form a Bose–Einstein condensate and interact with each other via a pair potential of the form $$(N-1)^{-1}N^{d\beta }v(N^\beta \cdot )$$(N-1)-1Ndβv(Nβ·) for $$\beta \in [0,\frac{1}{4d})$$β∈[0,14d). We derive a sequence of N-body functions which approximate the true many-body dynamics in $$L^2({\mathbb {R}}^{dN})$$L2(RdN)-norm to arbitrary precision in powers of $$N^{-1}$$N-1. The approximating functions are constructed as Duhamel expansions of finite order in terms of the first quantised analogue of a Bogoliubov time evolution.
Opening the ‘black box’: what does observational research reveal about processes and practices of governing?
Authors: Watson Cate , Husband Gary , Ireland Aileen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite several decades of research on governance, very little is known about processes and practices of governing and, crucially, the links between governing and organisational performance. This has led to calls to penetrate the ‘black box’ of the boardroom by conducting research which draws on data gathered through direct observation. Such calls, however, have so far produced a rather sparse and inchoate literature which would benefit from review in order to give shape to the field and provide direction for future research. Here, we critically examine the findings of this research, focusing on three emergent themes: (1) the extent to which empirical research supports the established theories in the field, particularly agency and stewardship theories; (2) what research says about ‘good’ and ‘effective’ governance and the relationship between them; and (3) the methodological and conceptual orientations which frame this research, and the claims made for ‘processual’ approaches. We conclude with an agenda for taking the field forward in order to extend knowledge and to contribute to theory around governing.
Enterprise IT service downtime cost and risk transfer in a supply chain
Authors: Wang Shaun S. , Franke Ulrik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper we present an economic model for analyzing enterprise IT service downtime cost, first on a standalone basis and then in a supply chain setting. With a baseline probability model of Poisson arrival frequency with random downtime duration, we analyze optimal production of a firm’s investments in reducing frequency and duration of downtime, and corresponding premiums for insuring against downtime cost. We also present a model for the spillover effect of downtime for interconnected firms in a supply chain, and discuss how third-party insurance coverage can help enterprises to internalize the externalities of spillover effects on the supply chain.
Improving monarch butterfly optimization through simulated annealing strategy
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Wang Xitong , Tian Xin , Zhang Yonggang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurrently, a novel of meta-heuristic algorithm called monarch butterfly optimization (MBO) is presented for solving machine learning and continuous optimization problems. It has been proved experimentally that MBO is superior to artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC), ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO), Biogeography-based optimization (BBO), differential evolution algorithm (DE) and simple genetic algorithm (SGA) algorithms on most test functions. This paper presents a new version of MBO with simulated annealing (SA) strategy called SAMBO. The SA strategy is put in the migration operator and butterfly adjusting operator. So the newly proposed algorithm has two features: One is that the algorithm accepts all the butterfly individuals whose fitness are better than their parents. The other is that the algorithm randomly selects some individuals which are worse than their parents to disturbance the convergence of algorithm. In this way, the SAMBO algorithm can escape from local optima. Finally, the experiments are carried on 14 continuous nonlinear functions, and results show that SAMBO method exceeds the MBO algorithm on most test functions.
Social Cognitions and Mental Health as Predictors of Adolescents’ Mindfulness Practice
Authors: Beattie Marguerite M. , Konttinen Hanna M. , Volanen Salla-Maarit , Knittle Keegan P. , Hankonen Nelli E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesWhile practicing mindfulness can potentially mitigate and prevent mental health problems among adolescents, mindfulness programs delivered in schools do not uniformly lead to uptake of mindfulness practice. This low adherence threatens the internal validity of mindfulness trials and may hinder the alleviation of mental health problems in youth who fail to take up potentially effective techniques. Consequently, it is vital to investigate what predicts uptake of independent mindfulness practice in such interventions.MethodsUsing path analyses, this study investigates whether social cognitions from the Reasoned Action Approach and initial mental health predict mindfulness practice among 1646 adolescent recipients of the school-based Healthy Learning Mind mindfulness intervention.ResultsIn line with the Reasoned Action Approach, descriptive and injunctive norms, and positive and negative outcome expectations predicted intention to practice mindfulness (R2 = .37,p < .001), which in turn predicted different measures of mindfulness practice itself (R2 = .09–.17,p < .001). Neither perceived behavioral control nor mental health variables (depressive symptoms, internalization and externalization of difficulties, and resilience: R2 = .01,p > .05) were associated with mindfulness practice after the intervention.ConclusionSocial norms and outcome expectations are potential intervention targets to increase mindfulness practice motivation and behavior among adolescents.
Mindfulness and Affect-Network Density: Does Mindfulness Facilitate Disengagement from Affective Experiences in Daily Life?
Authors: Rowland Zarah , Wenzel Mario 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Mindfulness has been positively associated with affective well-being, which may be explained by improved affective disengagement from prior experiences.

Methods
We used a dynamic network approach to represent temporal interconnections between specific affective states (i.e., network density)—with less interconnected states indicating better affective disengagement—to investigate whether mindfulness predicted a lower network density. One-hundred twenty-five undergraduate students (M age = 22.87; SD = 5.06 years; 77.6% female) completed a 40-day ambulatory assessment, reporting on their affective experiences and state mindfulness six times a day, and either practiced mindfulness or were on a wait-list (control condition).

Results
We found that neither the mindfulness training, β = −.11, p = .222, nor state mindfulness, β = −.06, p = .484, were associated with affective network density. However, given prior research indicating the importance of prior meditation experience, we found that participants with prior meditation experience reported lower affective network density when they reported higher state mindfulness than participants without meditation experiences, β = −.20, p = .048.

Conclusion
The present study found that neither high levels of mindfulness nor a mindfulness training automatically improved affective disengagement in the form of lower network density. Rather, it seems that only those who were already familiar with practicing mindfulness and who were mindful in their daily life experienced easier disengagement from previous affective experiences. These findings may point toward a different, more complex, understanding of mindfulness in experienced meditators.
Organisms, activity, and being: on the substance of process ontology
Authors: Austin Christopher J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccording to contemporary ‘process ontology’, organisms are best conceptualised as spatio-temporally extended entities whose mereological composition is fundamentally contingent and whose essence consists in changeability. In contrast to the Aristotelian precepts of classical ‘substance ontology’, from the four-dimensional perspective of this framework, the identity of an organism is grounded not in certain collections of privileged properties, or features which it could not fail to possess, but in the succession of diachronic relations by which it persists, or ‘perdures’ as one entity over time. In this paper, I offer a novel defence of substance ontology by arguing that the coherency and plausibility of the radical reconceptualisation of organisms proffered by process ontology ultimately depends upon its making use of the ‘substantial’ principles it purports to replace.
The exosomal integrin α5β1/AEP complex derived from epithelial ovarian cancer cells promotes peritoneal metastasis through regulating mesothelial cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Li Xiaoduan , Tang Meiling , Zhu Qinyi , Wang Xinjing , Lin Yingying , Wang Xipeng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most malignant cancers in the gynecologic system. Many patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with disseminated intra-peritoneal metastases. EOC spreads via both direct extension and trans-coelomic spread. However, the interplay between human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and EOC cells is still ambiguous. We hypothesize that integrins (ITG) in HPMCs may play important roles in EOC metastasis.

Methods
The expression of different integrin subtypes from HPMCs was assessed using Western blotting. The expression of integrin α5β1 (ITGA5B1) and its co-localization with asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP) in HPMCs derived from EOC patients (EOC-HPMCs) were assessed using immunofluorescence. The role and mechanism of the exosomal ITGA5B1/AEP complex in HPMCs was assessed using both in vitro and in vivo assays. A retrospective study involving 234 cases was carried out to assess ITGA5B1 and AEP levels in circulating sera and ascites of EOC patients, as well as associations between ITGA5B1/AEP expression and overall survival.

Results
We found that ITGA5B1was highly expressed and co-localized with AEP in EOC cells, and that the exosomal ITGA5B1/AEP complex secreted by EOC cells played an important role in the proliferation and migration of HPMCs. High levels of exosomal ITGA5B1/AEP were also found in circulating sera and ascites of EOC patients, and the expression of ITGA5B1/AEP in EOC tissues was found to be negatively associated with overall survival.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that EOCs may regulate the function of HPMCs through exosomal ITGA5B1/AEP, which may be crucial for peritoneal metastasis.
Hamiltonians without ultraviolet divergence for quantum field theories
Authors: Teufel Stefan , Tumulka Roderich 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe propose a way of defining Hamiltonians for quantum field theories without any renormalization procedure. The resulting Hamiltonians, called IBC Hamiltonians, are mathematically well defined (and in particular, ultraviolet finite) without an ultraviolet cutoff such as smearing out the particles over a nonzero radius; rather, the particles are assigned radius zero. These Hamiltonians agree with those obtained through renormalization whenever both are known to exist. We describe explicit examples of IBC Hamiltonians. Their definition, which is best expressed in the particle–position representation of the wave function, involves a kind of boundary condition on the wave function, which we call an interior–boundary condition (IBC). The relevant configuration space is one of a variable number of particles, and the relevant boundary consists of the configurations with two or more particles at the same location. The IBC relates the value (or derivative) of the wave function at a boundary point to the value of the wave function at an interior point (here, in a sector of configuration space corresponding to a lesser number of particles).
The temporal evolution of a far-right forum
Authors: Kleinberg Bennett , van der Vegt Isabelle , Gill Paul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe increased threat of right-wing extremist violence necessitates a better understanding of online extremism. Radical message boards, small-scale social media platforms, and other internet fringes have been reported to fuel hatred. The current paper examines data from the right-wing forum Stormfront between 2001 and 2015. We specifically aim to understand the development of user activity and the use of extremist language. Various time-series models depict posting frequency and the prevalence and intensity of extremist language. Individual user analyses examine whether some super users dominate the forum. The results suggest that structural break models capture the forum evolution better than stationary or linear change models. We observed an increase of forum engagement followed by a decrease towards the end of the time range. However, the proportion of extremist language on the forum increased in a step-wise matter until the early summer of 2011, followed by a decrease. This temporal development suggests that forum rhetoric did not necessarily become more extreme over time. Individual user analysis revealed that super forum users accounted for the vast majority of posts and of extremist language. These users differed from normal users in their evolution of forum engagement.
Experienced Childhood Maltreatment in a Sample of Pedophiles: Comparisons with Patients of a Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinic and the General Population
Authors: Marx Caroline M. , Tibubos Ana N. , Brähler Elmar , Beutel Manfred E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Adverse childhood events have a lasting impact on mental health. Studies on patients with pedophilia focus on traumatic events as sexual abuse in their childhood, in which further childhood maltreatment is rarely described.

Aim
In addition to previous studies on patients with pedophilia that focus on traumatic events as sexual abuse, we further investigate different types of childhood maltreatment.

Methods
We compared 3 samples using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: patients with pedophilia, psychotherapy outpatients, and general population (GP). Descriptive analyses were conducted for prevalence rates. To assess statistical differences between the samples concerning retrospective childhood trauma, we conducted t-tests and a multivariate analysis of variance. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of childhood maltreatment.

Outcomes
Emotional and sexual abuse was associated with pedophilic sexual preference.

Results
Significant differences of experienced childhood maltreatment were found between the samples with the patients with pedophilia reporting the highest rates. Psychotherapy outpatients reported more childhood maltreatment than the GP except for sexual abuse.

Clinical Implications
Our results speak to a burdened and stressful childhood of patients with pedophilia; a fantasized, sexualized world in an abusive and neglecting childhood may function as a refuge and lead to “psychic withdrawal.”

Strengths & Limitations
This is the first study comparing a small sample of patients with pedophilia with psychotherapy outpatients and a representative sample of the GP. The use of an established and standardized questionnaire of childhood maltreatment represents a strength. However, the questionnaire's exclusive focus on abuse and neglect represents a limitation as it fails to examine other sources of adverse childhood experiences (eg, intrafamily relationships or loss of a parent).

Conclusion
A better understanding can help establish more effective treatment and prevention programs for patients with pedophilia.
Slaves and Slavery in Kingston, 1770–1815
Authors: Burnard Trevor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHistorians have mostly ignored Kingston and its enslaved population, despite it being the fourth largest town in the British Atlantic before the American Revolution and the town with the largest enslaved population in British America before emancipation. The result of such historiographical neglect is a lacuna in scholarship. In this article, I examine one period of the history of slavery in Kingston, from when the slave trade in Jamaica was at its height, from the early 1770s through to the early nineteenth century, and then after the slave trade was abolished but when slavery in the town became especially important. One question I especially want to explore is how Kingston maintained its prosperity even after its major trade – the Atlantic slave trade – was stopped by legislative fiat in 1807.