bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Oxygen in the Nearest QSO Mrk 231
Authors: Wang Junzhi , Li Di , Goldsmith Paul F. , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Gao Yu , Shi Yong , Li Shanghuo , Fang Min , Li Juan , Zhang Jiangshui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We report the detection of an emission feature at the 12σ level with FWHM line width of about 450 km s−1 toward the nearest quasi-stellar object, QSO Mrk 231. Based on observations with the IRAM 30 m telescope and the Northern Extended Millimeter Array Interferometer, the 11–10 transition of molecular oxygen is the likely origin of the line with rest frequency close to 118.75 GHz. The velocity of the O2 emission in Mrk 231 coincides with the red wing seen in CO emission, suggesting that it is associated with the outflowing molecular gas, located mainly at about 10 kpc away from the central active galactic nucleus (AGN). This first detection of extragalactic molecular oxygen provides an ideal tool to study AGN-driven molecular outflows on dynamic timescales of tens of megayears. O2 may be a significant coolant for molecular gas in such regions affected by AGN-driven outflows. New astrochemical models are needed to explain the implied high molecular oxygen abundance in such regions several kiloparsecs away from the center of galaxies.
Quantifying the Toroidal Flux of Preexisting Flux Ropes of Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Xing C. , Cheng X. , Qiu Jiong , Hu Qiang , Priest E. R. , Ding M. D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In past decades, much progress has been achieved in understanding the origin and evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In situ observations of the counterparts of CMEs, especially magnetic clouds (MCs) near the Earth, have provided measurements of the structure and total flux of CME flux ropes. However, it has been difficult to measure these properties in an erupting CME flux rope, in particular in a preexisting flux rope. In this work, we propose a model to estimate the toroidal flux of a preexisting flux rope by subtracting the flux contributed by magnetic reconnection during the eruption from the flux measured in the MC. The flux contributed by the reconnection is derived from geometric properties of two-ribbon flares based on a quasi-2D reconnection model. We then apply the model to four CME/flare events and find that the ratio of toroidal flux in the preexisting flux rope to that in the associated MC lies in the range 0.40–0.88. This indicates that the toroidal flux of the preexisting flux rope makes an important contribution to that of the CME flux rope and is usually at least as large as the flux arising from the eruption process for the selected events.
r-process Enrichment in the Galactic Halo Characterized by Nucleosynthesis Variation in the Ejecta of Coalescing Neutron Star Binaries
Authors: Tsujimoto Takuji , Nishimura Nobuya , Kyutoku Koutarou 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A large star-to-star variation in the abundances of r-process elements, as seen in the [Eu/Fe] ratio for Galactic halo stars, is a prominent feature that is distinguishable from other heavy elements. It is, in part, caused by the presence of highly r-process-enriched stars, classified as r-II stars ([Eu/Fe] ≥ + 1). In parallel, halo stars show that the ratio of a light r-process element (Y) to Eu is tightly correlated with [Eu/Fe], giving the lowest [Y/Eu] ratio that levels off at r-II stars. On the other hand, recent hydrodynamical simulations of coalescing double neutron stars (cNSNSs) have suggested that r-process sites may be separated into two classes providing different electron-fraction distributions: tidally driven dynamical ejecta and (dynamical or postmerger) nontidal ejecta. Here, we show that a widely spanning feature of [Eu/Fe] can be reproduced by models that consider the different masses of tidally driven dynamical ejecta from both cNSNSs and coalescing black hole/neutron star binaries (cBHNSs). In addition, the observed [Y/Eu] trend is explained by the combined nucleosynthesis in two kinds of ejecta with varying mass asymmetry in double NS systems. Our scenario suggests that massive tidally driven dynamical ejecta accompanied by massive nontidal part from cNSNSs or cBHNSs could alone accommodate r-II abundances, including an actinide boost in some cases. The event rate for cNSNSs estimated from our study agrees with the latest result of ∼1000 (90% confidence interval of 110–3840) Gpc−3yr−1 by gravitational-wave detection, and a few events per Gpc3 per year of cBHNSs associated with r-process production are predicted to emerge.
A Neutral Beam Model for High-energy Neutrino Emission from the Blazar TXS 0506+056
Authors: Zhang B. Theodore , Petropoulou Maria , Murase Kohta , Oikonomou Foteini 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The IceCube collaboration reported an ∼3.5σ excess of 13 ± 5 neutrino events in the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 during an ∼6 month period in 2014–2015, as well as the (∼3σ) detection of a high-energy muon neutrino during an electromagnetic flare in 2017. We explore the possibility that the 2014–2015 neutrino excess and the 2017 multimessenger flare are both explained in a common physical framework that relies on the emergence of a relativistic neutral beam in the blazar jet due to interactions of accelerated cosmic rays (CRs) with photons. We demonstrate that the neutral beam model provides an explanation for the 2014–2015 neutrino excess without violating X-ray and γ-ray constraints and yields results consistent with the detection of one high-energy neutrino during the 2017 flare. If both neutrino associations with TXS 05065+056 are real, our model requires that (i) the composition of accelerated CRs is light, with a ratio of helium nuclei to protons ≳5; (ii) a luminous external photon field (∼1046 erg s−1) variable (on yearlong timescales) is present; and (iii) the CR injection luminosity, as well as the properties of the dissipation region (i.e., Lorentz factor, magnetic field, and size), vary on yearlong timescales.
Fichte et le langage. Le « Lyrisme transcendantal » contre la dissolution
Authors: Dumont Augustin 
Published: January 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de revenir sur la singulière configuration qu’offre l’usage fichtéen du langage eu égard à la nécessité d’une exposition dans et par la langue naturelle de la genèse transcendantale des conditions de possibilité du savoir. Dans un premier temps, l’on procède à quelques rappels contextuels permettant de se familiariser avec les « codes » utilisés par Fichte dans ses exigences relatives au langage. Dans un second temps, l’on illustre son positionnement par le commentaire de quelques extraits de texte significatifs. Dans un troisième temps, l’on formule une proposition interprétative du mode de présentation écrit du transcendantalisme fichtéen. On montre que l’écriture transcendantale vise à traduire dans le langage l’exigence d’une intensification de l’expérience présente de l’intuition intellectuelle.
Totalité et symptôme ou comment lire « la société »
Authors: Christ Julia 
Published: January 2020

L’article traite des discussions contemporaines autour du concept de totalité là où il est employé pour saisir la réalité sociale. À travers une reconstruction des positions de Durkheim et d’Althusser il s’intéresse aux différentes méthodes développées par ces théories pour justifier leur approche holiste du social. Il s’avère que le marxisme révolutionnaire et la sociologie non révolutionnaire se rencontrent en un point : les deux lisent des textes des sciences sociales pour accéder à ce qui produit la société sous forme de tout. Notre article établit le statut de ces textes pour les deux approches et compare leurs méthodes de lecture, afin de dégager ce que, selon les deux, produit le lien social.
Des fonctions du double chez Rank et Freud à la romance amoureuse à l’adolescence
Authors: Chevalier Julie , Bonnet Christian , Gimenez Guy 
Published: January 2020

Notre article propose une nouvelle définition théorico-clinique du double en psychanalyse, dans ses liens aux processus adolescents. Pour cela, nous articulons d’abord les travaux de Rank (1909, 1932), sur le double et le héros, aux travaux de Freud (1909, 1913), sur le roman familial des névrosés et le mythe de totem et tabou, dans leurs articulations aux enjeux fraternels. Nous analysons ensuite le cas clinique d’une jeune femme de 16 ans, reçue pour un accompagnement thérapeutique, afin de montrer que le double constitue une figure du transfert, permettant à la patiente une actualisation de ses désirs fraternels, ainsi qu’une construction de sa romance amoureuse. Donc, le « double sororal et fraternel », que nous définissons, métamorphose le lien amoureux à l’adolescence.
Travailler à l’hôpital durant la grossesse : une étude descriptive nationale rétrospective en France
Authors: Henrotin Jean-Bernard , Béringuier Hélène , Groupe de travail de l’étude GaT-Ho  
Published: January 2020

Objectif : L’objectif de l’article est de décrire le déroulement des grossesses au travail (parcours, absentéisme, prévention) et les expositions professionnelles potentiellement à risque pour l’évolution d’une grossesse. Méthode : Une étude épidémiologique descriptive transversale a été menée du 1 er avril 2017 au 31 octobre 2017 dans les services de santé au travail des hôpitaux français. Les salariées reçues après leur accouchement par le médecin du travail (MT) dans le cadre des visites de reprise de travail réglementairement définies répondaient à un autoquestionnaire ciblé sur le recueil d’informations sociodémographiques. L’exposition aux dangers pour la grossesse, rencontrés en milieu professionnel, était évaluée par le MT. Le poids de naissance de l’enfant, l’âge gestationnel, la santé de l’enfant et les absences au travail étaient recueillies auprès de la salariée ou obtenues à partir des informations présentes dans le dossier médical du travail. Résultats : Les MT ont recruté 1 165 salariées enceintes. Parmi celles-ci, 51,8 % étaient exposées à plus de cinq risques professionnels. Les risques biologiques et physiques étaient les risques les plus fréquents au poste de travail. Notons que 9,5 % des salariées étaient amenées à porter des charges ≥ 15 kg. Elles ont été seulement 20,1 % à avoir abordé spécifiquement la question du travail dans le déroulement de la grossesse ; 26,8 % ont bénéficié d’un aménagement de poste. Concernant les arrêts de travail, 86,7 % des salariées auront bénéficié d’« au moins un arrêt de travail » avant la prise de congés pour une grossesse pathologique ou de congés légaux. Conclusion : Nos données suggèrent que les salariées enceintes en milieu hospitalier se doivent d’être rigoureusement surveillées.
Minorités sexuelles et rapport au corps : une recherche quantitative
Authors: Alessandrin Arnaud , Toulze Marielle 
Published: January 2020

Introduction : Si les questions liées à la santé sexuelle et reproductive des gays et des lesbiennes sont bien renseignées, d’autres, relatives à la santé globale et au rapport au corps, sont moins souvent abordées. But de l’étude : Issu de la recherche « Santé LGBTI », cet article tente de combler ce manque avec pour objectif de restituer les résultats d’une enquête quantitative réalisée en France en 2017, en se focalisant plus précisément sur les personnes gays et lesbiennes. Aussi, les résultats de cette recherche sont mis en regard avec la littérature disponible sur cette question. Résultats : Par la mesure d’indices comme le recours aux régimes, le souci du poids ou la pratique sportive, nous tendons à montrer que les personnes homosexuelles n’ont pas le même rapport au corps que les personnes hétérosexuelles et qu’entre les lesbiennes et les gays, des différences apparaissent. Conclusions : Si les résultats de cette étude sont concomitants avec les données internationales en la matière, ils dessinent aussi des angles morts en termes de rapport au corps des sous-cultures homosexuelles.
Partenariat entre une ONG locale et une ONG internationale à Djibouti
Authors: Sentilhes-Monkam Angélique , Acina Emma , Chaker Katrin , Hamad Malika Moussa 
Published: January 2020

Introduction : L’article relate et analyse une expérience de partenariat entre une association locale et une organisation internationale, toutes deux implantées à Djibouti. But de l’étude : La méthode utilisée est une observation analytique de l’action mise en place dès le début de cette collaboration, par l’Association elle-même, portant sur l’ensemble du processus de partenariat. L’objectif de l’Association est double : être objet d’étude dans un partenariat et mettre en œuvre un projet. Résultats : Les résultats sont donnés sous deux angles. Un récit factuel du processus de partenariat est proposé, qui sert d’exemple en illustrant certaines pratiques, puis une analyse en est proposée. Conclusions : Les auteurs concluent que l’asymétrie structurelle, fonctionnelle et éthique au sein d’un partenariat de ce type crée un rapport de forces rendant difficile la réalisation du projet et plaide au contraire pour une localisation de l’aide par les bailleurs de fonds auprès d’organisations locales spécialisées dans le développement.
Clinicopathologic features of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas of bone & soft tissues
Authors: Rekhi Bharat , Kembhavi Priyanka , Mishra Surya Narayan , Shetty Omshree , Bajpai Jyoti , Puri Ajay 
Published: January 2020

Background & objectives:
Certain genetically defined undifferentiated round cell sarcomas, namely BCOR-CCNB3 and CIC-DUX4 positive, have been described. Here we present detailed clinicopathologic features and molecular results in such cases.

Methods:
Fifty one cases of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas, including 32 cases, tested for BCOR-CCNB3 and CIC-DUX4 fusions, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique and 44 tumours, for CCNB3 immunostaining, were analyzed.

Results:
Twenty seven (52.9%) tumours occurred in males and 24 (47%) in females; in soft tissues (38; 74.5%), commonly, trunk and extremities and bones (13; 25.4%), frequently, femur and tibia. Five of 32 (15.6%) tested cases were positive for BCOR-CCNB3 fusion and seven (21.8%) for CIC-DUX4 fusions. Histopathologically, CIC-DUX4-positive sarcomas comprised nodular aggregates of round to polygonal cells, containing hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli and moderate cytoplasm, with focal myxoid stroma and variable necrosis, in certain cases. BCOR-CCNB3-positive sarcomas mostly comprised diffusely arranged, round to oval to short spindly cells with angulated nuclei, vesicular chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli and interspersed vessels. Immunohistochemically, tumour cells were positive for MIC2 in 24 of 49 (48.9%) and CCNB3 in 12 of 44 (27.2%) cases. Four of five BCOR-CCNB3-positive sarcomas showed CCNB3 immunostaining and 6 of 7 CIC-DUX4-positive sarcomas displayed WT1 immunostaining. Most patients (27/37) (72.9%) underwent surgical resection and chemotherapy. Median overall survival was 12 months, and disease-free survival was seven months.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Undifferentiated round cell sarcomas are rare; mostly occur in soft tissues of extremities, with CIC-DUX4 positive, as these are relatively more frequent than BCOR-CCNB3 positive sarcomas. CCNB3 and WT1 are useful immunostains for triaging such cases for BCOR-CCNB3 and CIC-DUX4 fusion testing, respectively. Overall, these are relatively aggressive tumours, especially CIC-DUX4-positive sarcomas.
Corporate Global Responsibility and Reputation Risk Management
Authors: Cassano Raffaella 
Published: January 2020

The increasing attention placed by corporations on sustainable development due to the growing importance attributed to this issue by institutions at an international level, leads to a reconsideration of the concept of the global responsibility of companies as a pre-requisite for effective multi-stakeholder relationships. All levels of responsibility are taken into consideration within this broad spectrum: legal, social, economic and environmental, leading to a more integrated approach to management of reputation risk. This study is a theoretical reflection on the relationship between the interests of stakeholders, the extent of corporate responsibility and management of reputation risk.
Retrieval of the vertical evolution of the cloud effective radius from the Chinese FY-4 (Feng Yun 4) next-generation geostationary satellites
Authors: Chen Yilun , Chen Guangcan , Cui Chunguang , Zhang Aoqi , Wan Rong , Zhou Shengnan , Wang Dongyong , Fu Yunfei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The vertical evolution of the cloud effective radius
(Re) reflects the precipitation-forming process. Based on observations
from the first Chinese next-generation geostationary meteorological
satellites (FY-4A, Feng Yun 4), we established a new method for objectively obtaining
the vertical temperature vs. Re profile. First of all, Re was
calculated using a bispectral lookup table. Then, cloud clusters were
objectively identified using the maximum temperature gradient method.
Finally, the Re profile in a certain cloud was then obtained by
combining these two sets of data. Compared with the conventional method used
to obtain the Re profile from the subjective division of a region,
objective cloud-cluster identification establishes a unified standard,
increases the credibility of the Re profile, and facilitates the
comparison of different Re profiles. To investigate its performance, we
selected a heavy precipitation event from the Integrative Monsoon Frontal
Rainfall Experiment in summer 2018. The results showed that the method
successfully identified and tracked the cloud cluster. The Re profile
showed completely different morphologies in different life stages of the
cloud cluster, which is important in the characterization of the formation
of precipitation and the temporal evolution of microphysical processes.
Zooplankton diel vertical migration and downward C flux into the oxygen minimum zone in the highly productive upwelling region off northern Chile
Authors: Tutasi Pritha , Escribano Ruben 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Diel vertical migration (DVM) can enhance the vertical
flux of carbon (C), and so contributes to the functioning of the biological
pump in the ocean. The magnitude and efficiency of this active transport of
C may depend on the size and taxonomic structure of the migrant zooplankton.
However, the impact that a variable community structure can have on
zooplankton-mediated downward C flux has not been properly addressed. This
taxonomic effect may become critically important in highly productive
eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs), where high levels of zooplankton
biomass are found in the coastal zone and are composed by a diverse community
with variable DVM behavior. In these systems, presence of a subsurface
oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) can impose an additional constraint to vertical
migration and so influence the downward C export. Here, we address these
issues based on a vertically stratified zooplankton sampling at three
stations off northern Chile (20–30∘ S) during
November–December 2015. Automated analysis of zooplankton composition and
taxa-structured biomass allowed us to estimate daily migrant biomass by taxa
and their amplitude of migration. We found that a higher biomass aggregates
above the oxycline, associated with more oxygenated surface waters and this
was more evident upon a more intense OMZ. Some taxonomic groups, however,
were found closely associated with the OMZ. Most taxa were able to perform
DVM in the upwelling zone withstanding severe hypoxia. Also, strong
migrants, such as eucalanid copepods and euphausiids, can exhibit a large
migration amplitude (∼500 m), remaining either temporarily or
permanently within the core of the OMZ and thus contributing to the release
of C below the thermocline. Our estimates of DVM-mediated C flux suggested
that a mean migrant biomass of ca. 958 mg C m−2 d−1 may contribute
with about 71.3 mg C m−2 d−1 to the OMZ system through respiration,
mortality and C excretion at depth, accounting for ca. 4 % of the net
primary production, and so implies the existence of an efficient mechanism
to incorporate freshly produced C into the OMZ. This downward C flux
mediated by zooplankton is however spatially variable and mostly dependent
on the taxonomic structure due to variable migration amplitude and DVM
behavior.
Low-Cost Carriers versus High-Speed Rail: Understanding Key Drivers of Passengers' Choice in China
Authors: Pan Jing Yu , Truong Dothang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigated passengers' choice between high-speed rail (HSR) and low-cost carriers (LCCs) in China. A survey of 1,080 passengers was performed and a logit regression method was used to identify the key factors in modal choice behaviors. The results indicated that frequency, price, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and attitudes were significant determinants of choice between HSR and LCCs, while service quality, access, and subjective norms were not important factors. Group differences in terms of the factor impact were also identified. Frequency and attitudes had a greater influence on business passengers, compared to nonbusiness passengers, in terms of their mode preference. Price affected the two types of passenger groups in a similar way, while PBC only influenced the choice behavior of the nonbusiness passengers. These findings fill the knowledge gap of the choice between HSR and LCCs and provide useful insights for HSR and LCCs to improve competitiveness in China.
Het Tijdschrift voor Criminologie in de eerste twee decennia van de 21e eeuw: een kwantitatieve (netwerk)analyse
Authors: Blokland Arjan 
Published: January 2020

The Dutch Journal of Criminology in the first two decades of the 21st century: a quantitative (network)analysisxxx
Building on prior quantitative analyses by Rovers (1999) and Rovers and Boers (2009), the present article provides a quantitative overview of 60 years Dutch Journal of Criminology, with an emphasis on the period 1999-2018. Dutch criminology is beginning to lose sight of its first generation of researchers. Males still dominate the top 25 most published authors. A social network analysis of the co-author network on the one hand reveals a significant proportion of singletons. Many of the remaining authors on the other hand, are included in one giant component that links authors directly or indirectly by co-authorship.
Criminologie in de jaren twintig van de 21e eeuw
Authors: van Gelder Jean-Louis 
Published: January 2020

Criminologie in the ‘20s of the 21st century: Technology and moving from studying criminality to researching criminal behaviour
In this contribution, I describe several key developments that have been fundamental to the development of criminology in the past 50 years. Next, I sketch the contours of several more recent developments, paying particular attention to three technologies, virtual reality, smartphones and wearables that will leave their imprint on the field. These developments will also imply a shift from the study of criminality to researching criminal behaviour.
Criminologie in 2040
Authors: Vander Beken Tom 
Published: January 2020

Criminology in 2020
Scenario techniques allow for dynamic explorations of possible futures. With the uncertainties about interdisciplinarity and the public role of criminology four scenarios for criminology in 2040 are presented. Crime Science and Criminal Policy describe situations which combine a strong public role for criminology to a low and high level of interdisciplinarity. Da Vinci and Theoretical Criminology portray futures with a limited public role for criminology and a high and low level of interdisciplinarity.