bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of formaldehyde tropospheric columns in Australia and New Zealand using MAX-DOAS, FTIR and TROPOMI
Authors: Ryan Robert G. , Silver Jeremy D. , Querel Richard , Smale Dan , Rhodes Steve , Tully Matt , Jones Nicholas , Schofield Robyn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. South-eastern Australia has been identified by modelling studies as a hotspot of biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions; however, long-term observational VOC studies are lacking in this region. Here, 2.5 years of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) formaldehyde (HCHO) measurements in Australasia are presented, from Broadmeadows, in northern Melbourne, Australia, and from Lauder, a rural site in the South Island of New Zealand. Across the measurement period from December 2016 to November 2019, the mean formaldehyde columns measured by the MAX-DOAS were 2.50±0.61×1015 molec. cm−2 at Lauder and 5.40±1.59×1015 molec. cm−2 at Broadmeadows. In both locations, the seasonal cycle showed a pronounced peak in Austral summer (December–January–February) consistent with temperature-dependent formaldehyde production from biogenic precursor gases. The amplitude of the seasonal cycle was 0.7×1015 molec. cm−2 at Lauder, and it was 2.0×1015 molec. cm−2 at Broadmeadows. The Lauder MAX-DOAS HCHO measurements are compared with 27 months of co-located Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) observations. The seasonal variation of Lauder MAX-DOAS HCHO, smoothed by the FTIR averaging kernels, showed good agreement with the FTIR measurements, with a linear regression slope of 1.03 and an R2 of 0.66 for monthly averaged formaldehyde partial columns (0–4 km). In addition to ground-based observations, a clear way to address the VOC measurement gap in areas such as Australasia is with satellite measurements. Here, we demonstrate that the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) can be used to distinguish formaldehyde hotspots in forested and agricultural regions of south-eastern Australia. The MAX-DOAS measurements are also compared to TROPOMI HCHO vertical columns at Lauder and Melbourne; very strong monthly average agreement is found for Melbourne (regression slope of 0.61 and R2 of 0.95) and a strong agreement is found at Lauder (regression slope of 0.73 and R2 of 0.61) for MAX-DOAS vs. TROPOMI between May 2018 and November 2019. This study, the first long-term satellite comparison study using MAX-DOAS in the Southern Hemisphere, highlights the improvement offered by TROPOMI's high resolution over previous satellite products and provides the groundwork for future studies using ground-based and satellite DOAS for studying VOCs in Australasia.
La Guerra Civil española y sus consecuencias: representaciones de la represión en la infancia a través de la cinematografía (2000-2019)
Authors: Ruiz Muñoz María Jesús , Corral-Rey María-Nieves , Ruiz-del-Olmo Francisco-Javier 
Published: December 2020

La herencia del dramático conflicto bélico que se sustanció en la Guerra Civil española dejó una profunda huella en las generaciones más jóvenes. Este trabajo sobre las formas de represión hacia los menores españoles a raíz de la contienda se desarrolla a través del estudio de la representación cinematográfica, entendiendo el cine como documento social y cultural histórico. Para ello se han seleccionado, clasificado y analizado una serie de filmes que funcionan como estudio de casos que singularmente ejemplifican temáticas y formas de represión a niños, niñas y adolescentes. Mediante una metodología mixta y a través del análisis de contenido, se han identificado una serie de claves en torno a la representación de la violencia física, psicológica y moral ejercida en este contexto.
Tuchtrecht voor de gezondheidszorg – startpunt voor een schadeclaim?
Authors: Rowel-van der Linde J.M. 
Published: December 2020

Tuchtrecht voor de Gezondheidszorg – startpunt voor een schadeclaim?
Deze bijdrage betreft het wettelijk tuchtrecht, gebaseerd op de Wet op de beroepen in de individuele gezondheidszorg, Wet BIG.
‘Ik werk alsof het stiekem wordt opgenomen’
Authors: Peters F.Th. 
Published: December 2020

‘Ik werk alsof het stiekem wordt opgenomen’
In letselschadezaken wordt steeds vaker de stap naar de tuchtrechter gemaakt. Bij de vraag wat voor impact dat heeft op de desbetreffende arts, wordt nauwelijks stilgestaan.
L’immigration dans le discours public et social franco-albertain : une analyse thématique du journal Le Franco (1998-2007)
Authors: Mulatris Paulin 
Published: December 2020

Au cours des décennies qui se sont écoulées depuis sa création en 1929, le journal Le Franco, anciennement La Survivance, s’est présenté comme un espace d’expression publique et une plateforme importante dans différents dossiers – communautaires, constitutionnels et scolaires – touchant à la francophonie albertaine. Peu à peu, d’abord durant les années 1990, et plus intensément durant les années 2000, la thématique de l’immigration s’est imposée comme un dossier incontournable dans les milieux franco-albertains. L’arrivée en scène de cette nouvelle thématique a mené à la reconfiguration du journal Le Franco en tant que lieu d’expression de la diversité. Ce texte se propose d’éclairer la mise en forme de l’immigration dans les pages du journal Le Franco, en plus de réfléchir à l’impact de ce discours médiatique sur la population immigrante.
Lifestyle Correlates of Erectile Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Attending the Diabetes Out Patient Clinic of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Ezeude Chidiebele M. , Ezeude Afoma M. , Nkpozi Marcellinus O. , Oguejiofor Ogonna C. , Nwankwo Henry M. , Ugwueze Chidiebere V. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that is associated with a negative impact on emotional wellbeing and poor quality of life. There is dearth of current data on the lifestyle correlates of ED in subjects with type 2 diabetes both locally and globally.
Objective: To determine the association between ED, tobacco use (snuff use and cigarette smoking) and alcohol consumption in type 2 DM patients attending the diabetes outpatient clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi in South-Eastern Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional hospital-based study comprising 124 male type 2 diabetic subjects. Data collection was done with a researcher designed study proforma. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the abbreviated version of Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-C) questionnaires were used for the diagnosis of anxiety/depression, erectile dysfunction and obtaining the alcohol history respectively. History of tobacco use was obtained and cigarette smoking estimated in pack years. Subjects who had anxiety, depression or hypogonadism were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. P value of ˂ 0.05 is considered significant.
Results: A total of 124 patients were studied. The prevalence rate of ED among the subjects was 48.4%. No significant associations were found between erectile dysfunction and tobacco use (Cigarette smoking and Snuff use) (P = 0.814, OR = 0.904, 95% C.I = 0.389 – 2.101) (P = 0.762, OR = 0.867, 95% C.I = 0.344 – 2.15) and alcohol consumption (P = 0.389, OR = 0.670, 95% C.I = 0.269 – 1.667) respectively.
Conclusions: There was no significant association between ED and tobacco use and alcohol consumption in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Similarly, no significant association was found between ED, pack years of cigarette smoking and the grades of alcohol consumption in the subjects. The subjects’ diet, medications and the social/religious stigma attached to the use of these substances in our setting could have influenced our findings.
Prevalence and Degree of Lower Limb Inequality in Asymptomatic Young Adult Nigerians
Authors: Ajani Rotimi S. , Ayanleke Emmanuel O. 
Published: December 2020

Objective: The development of right and left lower limbs start at the same time and subsequent serial growth occurs simultaneously however at adulthood, small but usually functionally negligible differences exist in their lengths. This study set out to find out the prevalence and degree of lower limb length inequality (LLI) amongst young adult Nigerians with grossly normal lower limbs.
Methods: Full length and segmental lengths of one hundred and three healthy young adult Nigerians of different ethnic groups were measured using the direct clinical method.
Results: The overall prevalence of LLI was 89.3% while the rate for male and female was 96.2% and 82.4% respectively. The LLI range was 0.5 - 2.5 cm with majority being less than 2.0 cm. The LLI was significantly higher in male (1.18 ± 0.83 vs 0.75±0.60 cm). Side for side, the male limb is significantly longer than that of the female. The thigh girth was significantly wider in the female while there was no difference in the leg girth between male and female. The males were found to be significantly taller than the females. Inter-ethnic comparison of the various parameters did not reveal any significance difference.
Conclusion: Anatomical lower limb inequality is very common amongst young adult Nigerians without any gross musculoskeletal but it is not obvious.
Comparative Study on Antidiabetic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Jute Leaf on Neonatal Streptozotocin- Induced Type-2 Diabetic Model Rat
Authors: Ali Md. Mahabub , Asrafuzzaman Md. , Tusher Md. Mahedi Hassan , Rahman Md. Hafizur , Rahman Md. Tanvir , Roy Balaram , Rokeya Begum 
Published: December 2020

Aim: Functional food and their bioactive compounds have been considered as a new approach for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes and its complications. According to this approach current study was carried out as an elucidation of antidiabetic properties of Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus olitorius varieties of jute leaf (ethanolic extract) on nSTZ-induced type-2 diabetic rats.
Methodology: The type-2 diabetic model rat was developed by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared STZ (90 mg/kg/10 ml) in sterile citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.5) to rat pups (48 hour old). After three months, OGTT was performed to select diabetic (FSG > 6.5mmol/L and after 90 min of glucose load > 14 mmol/L) experimental rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups [DWC, GT, Ext-1 and Ext-2 represent, diabetic water control, glybenclamide treated (20 mg/5 ml/kg body weight), C. capsularis treated and C. olitorius treated group (1.25 g/10 ml/kg body weight) respectively]. One group was kept with normal rats [normal water control, NWC]. The treatment was given once daily or 28 consecutive days. Fasting serum glucose, liver glycogen and lipid profile were estimated by using standard methods.
Results: The results showed that Ext-1 and Ext-2 treated groups gradually decreased serum glucose level (7.15 ±0.67 to 5.94 ± 1.19 and 7.20 ± 0.93 to 5.28 ±1.03 respectively) and reducing effect by Ext-2 was significant (p=0.001). Both extract showed lower liver glycogen level compared with GT group [5.0±2.5 Vs 17.7±6.5 (Ext-1 vs GT) and 7.5±6.4 Vs 17.7±6.5 (Ext-2 vs GT)] and even Ext-1 manifested significant effect (p=0.05). Additionally, lipid profile estimation revealed no significant improvement by the consumption of both the extracts.
Conclusion: On the basis of current investigations, it may be concluded that both variety of jute’s leaf demonstrated hypoglycemic properties in Type 2 diabetic model rats; further in-depth studies are recommended to explore the exact mechanism(s) of hypoglycemic effect.
The melanoma brain metastatic microenvironment: aldolase C partakes in shaping the malignant phenotype of melanoma cells – a case of inter‐tumor heterogeneity
Authors: Izraely Sivan , Ben‐Menachem Shlomit , Sagi‐Assif Orit , Meshel Tsipi , Malka Sapir , Telerman Alona , Bustos Matias A. , Ramos Romela Irene , Pasmanik‐Chor Metsada , Hoon Dave S. B. , Witz Isaac P. 
Published: December 2020

Previous studies indicated that microglia cells upregulate the expression of aldolase C (ALDOC) in melanoma cells. The present study using brain‐metastasizing variants from three human melanomas explores the functional role of ALDOC in the formation and maintenance of melanoma brain metastasis (MBM). ALDOC overexpression impacted differentially the malignant phenotype of these three variants. In the first variant, ALDOC overexpression promoted cell viability, adhesion to and transmigration through a layer of brain endothelial cells, and amplified brain micrometastasis formation. The cross‐talk between this MBM variant and microglia cells promoted the proliferation and migration of the latter cells. In sharp contrast, ALDOC overexpression in the second brain‐metastasizing melanoma variant reduced or did not affect the same malignancy features. In the third melanoma variant, ALDOC overexpression augmented certain characteristics of malignancy and reduced others. The analysis of biological functions and disease pathways in the ALDOC overexpressing variants clearly indicated that ALDOC induced the expression of tumor progression promoting genes in the first variant and antitumor progression properties in the second variant. Overall, these results accentuate the complex microenvironment interactions between microglia cells and MBM, and the functional impact of intertumor heterogeneity. Since intertumor heterogeneity imposes a challenge in the planning of cancer treatment, we propose to employ the functional response of tumors with an identical histology, to a particular drug or the molecular signature of this response, as a predictive indicator of response/nonresponse to this drug.
Emotion processing associated with aggression in early adolescents: A focus on affective theory of mind
Authors: Clifford Meghan E. , Nguyen Amanda J. , Bradshaw Catherine P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocial–emotional factors associated with youth aggression have largely been studied in the context of social information‐processing models. The ability to accurately encode and appropriately interpret others' emotions has yet to be fully examined in the context of aggressive behavior, particularly during adolescence. Using cross‐sectional data from a sample of 282 at‐risk early adolescents, the present study examined associations between teacher‐reported aggression and youth performance on a task assessing two components of affective theory of mind: emotion recognition and situational attribution. Results indicated that emotion recognition, but not situational attribution accuracy, was significantly associated with teacher‐reported aggressive behavior. Over‐recognizing anger and under‐recognizing sadness were unique error patterns associated with aggression, and these associations remained significant after controlling for demographics and other key social information‐processing variables. Findings suggest that difficulties with emotion processing play an important role in the social information‐processing patterns observed in the context of youth aggression. Implications for preventive interventions for youth at risk of engaging in aggressive behavior are discussed.
One Responsive Stone, Three Birds: Mn(III)‐Hemoporfin Frameworks with Glutathione‐Enhanced Degradation, MRI, and Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Geng Peng , Yu Nuo , Zhang Jiulong , Jin Zilin , Wen Mei , Jiang Qin , Kang Li , Peng Chen , Li Maoquan , Zhang Haijun , Zhu Meifang , Chen Zhigang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUltrasound‐driven sonodynamic therapy (SDT) catches numerous attentions for destroying deep‐seated tumors, but its applications suffer from unsatisfactory therapeutic effects and metabolism. Furthermore, SDT is usually weakened by the complex tumor microenvironment, such as the overexpression of glutathione (GSH). To address these issues, Mn(III)‐hemoporfin frameworks (Mn(III)‐HFs) are reported as nanosonosensitizers by using biocompatible hematoporphyrin monomethyl‐ether (HMME) to coordinate with Mn(III) ions. Mn(III)‐HFs/PEG can react with GSH to produce Mn(II) ions and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), resulting in three fascinating features: 1) the redox reaction facilitates the decomposition of Mn(III)‐HFs/PEG and then collapse of nanostructures, improving the biodegradability; 2) Mn(II) ions with five unpaired 3d‐electrons exhibit better magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ability compared to Mn(III) ions with four electrons; 3) both the depletion of endogenous GSH and the dissociated HMME boost 1O2 generation ability under US irradiation. As a result, when Mn(III)‐HFs/PEG dispersion is intravenously administered into mice, it exhibits high‐contrast T1/T2 dual‐modal MRI and significant suppression for the growth rate of the deep‐seated tumor. Furthermore, Mn(III)‐HFs/PEG can be efficiently metabolized from the mice. Therefore, Mn(III)‐HFs/PEG exhibit GSH‐enhanced degradation, MRI, and SDT effects, which provide some insights on the developments of other responsive nanosonosensitizers.
Highly Responsive and Thermally Reliable Near‐Infrared Organic Photodiodes Utilizing Naphthalocyanine Molecules Tuned with Axial Ligands
Authors: Leem Dong‐Seok , Lee Kwang‐Hee , Li Ning , Park Bum Woo , Choi Taejin , Ro Takkyun , Kwon Oh Kyu , Kwon Young‐Nam , Ng Tse Nga , Kim Sunghan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAchieving high‐performance near‐infrared (NIR) photodiodes is in great demand for potential applications like biometrics, security, artificial vision, biomedical imaging, etc. Herein, silicon naphthalocyanine (SiNc) small molecule‐based NIR photodiodes with narrowband absorption are presented. The optimized photodiode by varying the axial ligand in the SiNc molecules exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of 76.6% at 795 nm with narrow full width at half maximum of 80 nm, a very low dark current of 1.07 nA cm−2 at a reverse bias of −3 V, and the resultant detectivity of 5.66 × 1012 Jones. Further increase of the detectivity up to 1013 Jones is obtained by modulating the applied bias to −1 V, which is among the highest values of organic NIR detectors reported to date. The SiNc‐based photodiodes are further characterized by temporal response, linear dynamic range, etc., and shown to be stable in high humidity for over a month and in a remarkably wide temperature range (−55 to 125 °C). It is highly likely that the developed SiNc‐based photodiodes can be applicable to a wide variety of NIR sensor platforms.
A Carbon Foam with Sodiophilic Surface for Highly Reversible, Ultra‐Long Cycle Sodium Metal Anode
Authors: Cui Xue‐Yang , Wang Ya‐Jing , Wu Hua‐Deng , Lin Xiao‐Dong , Tang Shuai , Xu Pan , Liao Hong‐Gang , Zheng Ming‐Sen , Dong Quan‐Feng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSodium metal anodes combine low redox potential (−2.71 V versus SHE) and high theoretical capacity (1165 mAh g−1), becoming a promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries. Due to the infinite volume change, unstable SEI films, and Na dendrite growth, it is arduous to achieve a long lifespan. Herein, an oxygen‐doped carbon foam (OCF) derived from starch is reported. Heteroatom doping can significantly reduce the nucleation resistance of sodium metal; combined with its rich pore structure and large specific surface area, OCF provides abundant nucleation sites to effectively guide the nucleation and subsequent growth of sodium metal, and the nature of this foam can accommodate the deposited sodium. Furthermore, a more uniform, robust, and stable SEI layer is observed on the surface of OCF electrode, so it can maintain ultra‐high reversibility and excellent integrity for a long time without dendritic growth. As a result, when the current density is 10 mA cm−2, the electrode can maintain stable 2000 cycles and the coulombic efficiency can reach to 99.83%. Na@OCF||Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell also has extremely high capacity retention of about 97.53% over 150 cycles. These results provide a simple but effective method for achieving the safety and commercialization of sodium metal anode.
Characterization of a 2D Electron Gas at the Interface of Atomic‐Layer Deposited Al2O3/ZnO Thin Films for a Field‐Effect Transistor
Authors: Lee Hyun Jae , Moon Taehwan , Hyun Seung Dam , Kang Sukin , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe 2D electron gas (2DEG) phenomenon that occurs at the amorphous thin film hetero‐oxide interface attracts great attention since it can avoid the use of a single‐crystal oxide substrate. In this study, the analysis of 2DEG at the interface of amorphous‐Al2O3 (a‐AO)/ZnO is conducted using ZnO as the bottom substrate, where both the oxide films are grown by atomic layer deposition. Having used Al(CH3)3 as the Al‐precursor for the a‐AO film growth on the previously grown ZnO film, its strong reducing power induces the 2DEG formation at the interface. As a result of the Hall measurement, the 2DEG at the a‐AO/ZnO interface shows sheet resistance of 2.7 × 104 Ω ▫−1 and Hall mobility of 8.4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Using angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the thickness of the 2DEG layer is calculated as 0.62 nm, which is ≈120% of the c‐axis of the wurtzite ZnO unit cell. The field‐effect transistor fabricated exhibits a threshold voltage of −2.4 V, sub‐threshold swing of 0.33 V dec−1, and on/off ratio of 9.4 × 106, which significantly outperforms similar devices from previous works. The outstanding operation of 2DEG at the interface of AO/ZnO as a channel presents a possibility for application to a 2D‐based integrated circuit.
52 million years old Eucalyptus flower sheds more than pollen grains
Authors: Zamaloa Maria C. , Gandolfo Maria A. , Nixon Kevin C. 
Published: December 2020

PREMISEFossils provide fundamental evidence of the evolutionary processes that crafted today’s biodiversity and consequently for understanding life on Earth. We report the finding of Myrtaceidites eucalyptoides pollen grains preserved within the anthers of a 52‐million‐year‐old Eucalyptus flower collected at Laguna del Hunco locality of Argentinean Patagonia and discuss its implications in understanding the evolutionary history of the iconic Australian genus Eucalyptus.METHODSPollen grains were extracted from the flower’s anthers and were then observed under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The phylogenetic position of the fossil was investigated by adding pollen data to a previously published total‐evidence matrix and analyzing it using parsimony.RESULTSWe erect the species Eucalyptus xoshemium for the fossil flower. Pollen extracted from E. xoshemium belongs to the species Myrtaceidites eucalyptoides, which, until now, was only known as dispersed pollen. The numerous pollen grains recovered from the single flower allowed estimation of M. eucalyptoides’ variability. Results of the phylogenetic analysis reinforce the position of this fossil within crown group Eucalyptus.CONCLUSIONSThe discovery of these pollen grains within a Patagonian Eucalyptus fossil flower confirms the hypothesis that Myrtaceidites eucalyptoides represents fossil pollen in the Eucalyptus lineage, extends the geographic and stratigraphic fossil pollen record, and supports an earlier age for crown‐group eucalypts.