bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sweet or salty? The origin of freshwater gastrotrichs (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) revealed by molecular phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Kolicka Małgorzata , Dabert Miroslawa , Olszanowski Ziemowit , Dabert Jacek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChaetonotidae is the most diverse and widely distributed family of the order Chaetonotida (Gastrotricha) and includes both marine and freshwater species. Although the family is regarded as a sister taxon to the exclusively marine Xenotrichulidae, the type of environment, marine or freshwater, where Chaetonotidae originated is still not known. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the family based on molecular sequence data and mapped both morphological and ecological characters to determine the ancestral environment of the first members of the family. Our results revealed that the freshwater genus Bifidochaetus is the earliest branching lineage in the paraphyletic Chaetonotidae (encompassing Dasydytidae and Neogosseidae). Moreover, we reconstructed Lepidochaetus‐Cephalionotus clade as a monophyletic sister group to the remaining chaetonotids, which supports Kisielewski's morphological based hypothesis concerning undifferentiated type of body scales as a most primary character in Chaetonotidae. We also found that reversals to marine habitats occurred independently in different Chaetonotidae lineages, thus marine species in the genera Heterolepidoderma, Halichaetonotus, Aspidiophorus and subgenera Chaetonotus (Schizochaetonotus) or Chaetonotus (Marinochaetus) should be assumed as having secondarily invaded the marine environment. Character mapping revealed a series of synapomorphies that define the clade that includes Chaetonotidae (with Dasydytidae and Neogosseidae), the most important of which may be those linked to reproduction.
Living vs deceased donor liver transplantation in cholestatic liver disease: An analysis of the OPTN database
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis A. , Alexopoulos Sophoclis P. , Matsuoka Lea K. , Geevarghese Sunil K. , Gorden Lee D. , Karp Seth J. , Perkins James D. , Montenovo Martin I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLiving donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) can expand the donor pool for cholestatic liver disease (CLD) patients. We sought to compare the outcomes of deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) vs LDLT in CLD patients.MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis of adult CLD recipients registered in the OPTN database who received primary LT between 2002 and 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression models with mixed effects were used to determine the impact of graft type on patient and graft survival.ResultsFive thousand, nine hundred ninety‐nine DDLT (5730 donation after brain death [DBD], 269 DCD) and 912 LDLT recipients were identified. Ten‐year patient/graft survival rates were DBD: 73.8%/67.9%, DCD: 74.7%/60.7%, and LDLT: 82.5%/73.9%. Higher rates of biliary complications as a cause of graft failure were seen in DCD (56.8%) than LDLT (30.5%) or DBD (18.7%) recipients. On multivariable analysis, graft type was not associated with patient mortality, while DCD was independently associated with graft failure (P = .046).ConclusionDBD, DCD, and LDLT were associated with comparable overall patient survival. No difference in the risk of graft failure could be observed between LDLT and DBD. DCD can be an acceptable alternative to DBD with equivalent patient survival, but inferior graft survival likely related to the high rate of biliary complications.
A new dimension in patent foramen ovale size estimation
Authors: Demulier Laurent , Paelinck Bernard Pierre , Coomans Ilse , Hemelsoet Dimitri , De Backer Julie , Campens Laurence , De Wolf Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDetailed multidimensional assessment of patent foramen ovale (PFO) size with transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) may help to determine PFO pathogenicity in cryptogenic stroke patients. We explored the potential additive value of Live xPlane and three‐dimensional (3D) TOE anatomical PFO sizing techniques.MethodsImaging data of 45 patients who underwent a 3D TOE‐assisted percutaneous PFO closure were studied. The two‐dimensional (2D) PFO separation distance and right‐to‐left (RL) contrast shunt magnitude were assessed on preprocedural TOE recordings. Peri‐procedural measurements of the triangular anatomical PFO opening (base, height, and area) were performed after positioning of a stiff guidewire (SW) through the PFO, using Live xPlane imaging and 3D Zoom mode.ResultsThe PFO SW base appeared on average 5 times larger than the preprocedural 2D PFO separation (median difference [IQR] = 13[5] mm; P < .001). For a same PFO separation, the width of the PFO base may vary significantly. The PFO SW base was significantly larger in patients with a large versus a small‐to‐moderate PFO RL contrast shunt (18 vs 15 mm; P = .007) and in those with a spontaneous versus a provoked shunt (18 vs 14 mm; P = .003).ConclusionLive xPlane and 3D Zoom TOE allow peri‐procedural measurement of the largest dimension of a PFO, which is the PFO base. Patients with a large or spontaneous RL contrast shunt appear to have a larger PFO base. The anatomical PFO base dimension may be taken into account for optimization of device and patient selection strategies.
Observations of parasitoid behaviour in both no‐choice and choice tests are consistent with proposed ecological host range
Authors: Withers Toni M. , Allen Geoff R. , Todoroki Christine L. , Pugh Andrew R. , Gresham Belinda A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe solitary larval endoparasitoid Eadya daenerys Ridenbaugh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a proposed biocontrol agent of Paropsis charybdis Stål (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae), a pest of eucalypts in New Zealand. Eadya daenerys oviposition behaviour was examined in two assay types during host range testing, with the aim of improving ecological host range prediction. No‐choice sequential and two‐choice behavioural observations were undertaken against nine closely related species of New Zealand non‐target beetle larvae, including a native beetle, introduced weed biocontrol agents, and invasive paropsine beetles. No behavioural measure was significantly different between no‐choice and two‐choice tests. In sequential no‐choice assays the order of first presentation (target–non‐target) had no significant effect on the median number of attacks or the attack rate while on the plant. Beetle species was the most important factor. Parasitoids expressed significantly lower on‐plant attack rates against non‐targets compared to target P. charybdis larvae. The median number of attacks was always higher towards target larvae than towards non‐target larvae, except for the phylogenetically closest related non‐target Trachymela sloanei (Blackburn) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae). Most non‐target larvae were disregarded upon contact, which suggests that the infrequent attack behaviour observed by two individual E. daenerys against Allocharis nr. tarsalis larvae in two‐choice tests and the frass of Chrysolina abchasica (Weise) was probably abnormal host selection behaviour. Results indicate that E. daenerys is unlikely to attack non‐target species apart from Eucalyptus‐feeding invasive paropsines (Chrysomelinae). Non‐lethal negative impacts upon less preferred non‐target larvae are possible if E. daenerys does attack them in the field; however, this is likely to be rare.
Adverse prognostic impact of regulatory T‐cells in testicular diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Pollari Marjukka , Pellinen Teijo , Karjalainen‐Lindsberg Marja‐Liisa , Kellokumpu‐Lehtinen Pirkko‐Liisa , Leivonen Suvi‐Katri , Leppä Sirpa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTesticular diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (T‐DLBCL) is a rare and aggressive extranodal lymphoma. We have previously shown that high content of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD‐1 expressing TILs associate with better survival in T‐DLBCL. In this study, we have further characterized distinct TIL subtypes and their proportions in association with patient demographics and survival.MethodsWe used multiplex immunohistochemistry to characterize TIL phenotypes, including cytotoxic T‐cells (CTLs; CD8+, OX40+, Granzyme B+, Ki‐67+, LAG‐3+, TIM‐3+, PD‐1+), CD4+ T‐cells (CD3+, CD4+, TIM‐3+, LAG‐3+), regulatory T‐cells (Tregs; CD3+, CD4+, FoxP3+), and T helper 1 cells (Th1; CD3+, CD4+, T‐bet+) in 79 T‐DLBCLs, and correlated the findings with patient demographics and outcome.ResultsWe observed a substantial variation in TIL phenotypes between the patients. The most prominent CD8+ TILs were Ki‐67+ and TIM‐3+ CTLs, whereas the most prominent CD4+ TILs were FoxP3+ Tregs. Despite the overall favorable prognostic impact of high TIL content, we found a subpopulation of T‐bet+FoxP3+ Tregs that had a significant adverse impact on survival. Lower content of CTLs with activated or exhausted phenotypes correlated with aggressive clinical features.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate significant variation in TIL phenotypes and emphasize the adverse prognostic impact of Tregs in T‐DLBCL.
Nature, corruption, and freedom: Stoic ethics in Kant'sReligion
Authors: Merritt Melissa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKant's account of “the radical evil in human nature” in the 1793Religion within the Bounds of Reason Aloneis typically interpreted as a reworking of the Augustinian doctrine of original sin. But Kant does not talk about Augustine explicitly there, and if he is rehabilitating the doctrine of original sin, the result is not obviously Augustinian. Instead, Kant talks about Stoic ethics in a pair of passages on either end of his account of radical evil and leaves other clues that his argument is a reworking of an old Stoic problem. “Radical evil” refers to the idea that our moral condition is—by default and yet by our own deed—bad or corrupt; and that this corruption is the root (radix) of human badness in all its variety, ubiquity, and sheer ordinariness. Kant takes as his premise a version of the Stoic idea that nature gives us “uncorrupted starting points” (Diogenes Laertius 7.89). What sense can be made of the origin of human badness, given such a premise? Kant's account of radical evil is an answer to this old Stoic problem, which requires a conception of freedom that is not available in his Stoic sources.
Seroprevalence and evaluation of risk factors associated with seropositivity forBorrelia burgdorferiin Ontario horses
Authors: Neely Megan , Arroyo Luis G. , Jardine Claire , Moore Alison , Hazlett Murray , Clow Katie , Archer Holly , Weese J. Scott 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis), which is the vector ofBorrelia burgdorferi, has undergone a range expansion from the northeastern and mid‐west United States to areas of southeastern Canada, including parts of Ontario. Understanding the seroprevalence of antibodies againstB. burgdorferiin horses and risk factors for exposure is important for monitoring and preventing this emerging disease.Study designCross‐sectional study of 551 horses in southern, central, and eastern Ontario, Canada.ObjectivesTo assess the seroprevalence ofB. burgdorferiin horses in Ontario, Canada; to evaluate risk factors associated with seropositivity; and, to compare the performance of two diagnostic tests.MethodsSerum samples were obtained from clinically healthy horses in Ontario, Canada, along with completed questionnaires that were used for the risk factor analysis. Sera were tested with a Multiplex ELISA (Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University) and C6 ELISA (IDEXX SNAP®4Dx®Plus test, IDEXX Laboratories).ResultsThe seroprevalence ofB. burgdorferion at least one test was 17% (91/551), though only 15 (16%) horses tested positive with both tests. A spatial cluster of cases was detected in Eastern Ontario. The odds of being seropositive forB. burgdorferion the C6 ELISA were significantly increased when oak trees were present by pastures (OR = 7.3 (1.8‐29.2),P = .005), while the odds were significantly decreased when regular tick checks were performed (OR = 0.1 (0.01‐0.7),P = 0.02).Main limitationsRecruitment focused on known areas with blacklegged ticks as well as areas of higher horse density, which may have led to selection bias.ConclusionsThe expansion of blacklegged tick populations poses an ongoing risk for horses. Assessment of diagnostic testing options and risk factors is important for diagnosis and prevention, and with further investigation this information may be used to propose changes in management.
Evaluation of damage in composites by using thermoelastic stress analysis: A promising technique to assess the stiffness degradation
Authors: De Finis Rosa , Palumbo Davide , Galietti Umberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe stiffness degradation represents one of the most interesting damage phenomena used for describing the fatigue behaviour of composites. A critical aspect of modelling the damage is represented by the simulation of the whole behaviour of the composite and by the assessment of the actual stiffness for the models validation. In this work, the stiffness degradation of quasi‐isotropic carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) obtained by automated fibre placement has been assessed by means of thermoelastic stress analysis. The amplitude of temperature signal at the mechanical frequency (thermoelastic signal) was considered as an indicator of material degradation and compared with the data provided by an extensometer. The correlation between thermoelastic and mechanical data allowed to build a new experimental model for evaluating and predicting material stiffness degradation by just using thermoelastic data. The proposed approach seems to be very promising for stiffness degradation assessment of real and complex mechanical components subjected to actual loading conditions.
Stock pledging and firm risk: Evidence from India
Authors: Chauhan Yogesh , Mishra Ajay Kumar , Spahr Ronald W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPledging of personally held common stock is widespread in India, where pledging often serves as lender collateral for large shareholder and promoter personal debt acquisitions. This practice is exacerbated by high ownership concentrations in India, as promoters, often firm founders, control, on average, 51% of their firms’ equity. We examine promoter stock pledging impacts on stock volatility, capital investment decisions, and firm performance, using a sample of 1,452 Indian firms. We find that pledging relatively large proportions of outstanding shares and substantial proportions of shares held by promoters exacerbates stock volatility, fosters lower risk capital investments, adversely affects firm values, and impedes longer‐term performance.
Clusters of COVID‐19 in long‐term care hospitals and facilities in Japan from 16 January to 9 May 2020
Authors: Iritani Osamu , Okuno Tazuo , Hama Daisuke , Kane Asami , Kodera Kumie , Morigaki Kozue , Terai Toshio , Maeno Norie , Morimoto Shigeto 
Published: July 2020

AimTo clarify the association of cluster number and size of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in long‐term care (LTC) hospitals/facilities, general medical/welfare facilities and non‐medical/welfare facilities with morbidity and mortality in 47 prefectures during 16 January to 9 May 2020 in Japan.MethodsInformation on COVID‐19 clusters (n ≥2), and morbidity and mortality of COVID‐19 was collected.ResultsA total of 381 clusters with 3786 infected cases were collected, accounting for 23.9% of 15 852 cumulated cases on 9 May 2020. Although the cluster number (/107 subjects) in LTC hospitals/facilities was significantly smaller compared with those in the other two groups, the cluster size in LTC hospitals/facilities was significantly larger than that in non‐medical/welfare facilities. Cluster numbers in general medical/welfare facilities and in non‐medical/welfare facilities were significantly positively correlated with morbidity (/105), indicating relatively early identification of clusters in these facilities. Unlike in these facilities, cluster size in LTC hospitals/facilities was significantly positively correlated with morbidity, indicating that clusters in LTC hospitals/facilities were finally identified after already having grown to a large size in areas where infection was prevalent. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that both cluster number and cluster size only in LTC hospitals/facilities were independently associated with higher mortality (≥median 0.64/105 subjects) after adjustment.ConclusionsPreventive efforts against COVID‐19 outbreaks even at the early phase of the epidemic are critically important in LTC hospitals/facilities, as both the larger number and size of clusters only in LTC hospitals/facilities were independently linked to higher mortality in prefectures in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 715–719.
Determination of Cu, Zn, Ga, Ag, Cd, In, Sn and Tl in Geological Reference Materials and Chondrites by Isotope Dilution ICP‐MS
Authors: Braukmüller Ninja , Wombacher Frank , Bragagni Alessandro , Münker Carsten 
Published: July 2020

Mass fractions of Cu, Zn, Ga, Ag, Cd, In, Sn and Tl were determined via isotope dilution quadrupole ICP‐MS in twenty‐one geological reference materials (RMs) and the carbonaceous chondrites Orgueil (CI1), Murchison (CM2) and Allende (CV3). The RMs comprise basaltic/mafic (BCR‐2, BE‐N, BHVO‐1, BHVO‐2, BIR‐1, BRP‐1, JB‐2, OKUM, W‐2, WS‐E), intermediate/felsic (AGV‐2, G‐2, JA‐2, RGM‐1), ultramafic (DTS‐2b, MUH‐1, PCC‐1, UB‐N) and sedimentary (MAG‐1, OU‐6) rocks. Pressure digestion was applied for nonbasaltic samples to ensure effective sample digestion. For basaltic RMs, hot plate digestion was found to be sufficient for a quantitative recovery of the target elements. To minimise interferences and increase ion beam intensities during isotope ratio analyses by ICP‐MS, separation of the target elements was carried out from single sample aliquots using a novel anion exchange procedure. The intermediate precision (2s) estimated from two to four replicate analyses was usually < 4% and results are in agreement with literature data, where available. Especially for Ag and Tl, the intermediate precision was compromised, likely due to low ion beam intensities and, hence, higher background and blank contributions. For ultramafic RMs, nugget effects and incomplete digestion might compromise the intermediate precision. Results for the carbonaceous chondrites Orgueil (CI1), Murchison (CM2) and Allende (CV3) agree well with previously reported data.
Telling network stories: researching migrants' changing social relations in places over time
Authors: Ryan Louise 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article is situated at the nexus of migration research and qualitative social network analysis (SNA). While migration scholars often engage with networks simply as metaphors, I go further by examining how a thorough engagement with qualitative SNA can contribute to migration research in at least three key ways. First, exploring changing relational ties over time and across different places, including transnationally, I demonstrate that qualitative SNA offers new insights into how migrants make sense of these dynamic relationships. Second, following Dahinden (2016), I examine how using networks as a data collection method can help to unsettle the a priori ethnic lens in researching migration. Moreover, building on the pioneering work of network scholars such as Mische and White, I aim to make a methodological contribution by analysing how social networks are co‐constructed as stories and pictures in research encounters.
Making sense of the ruins: The historiography of deindustrialisation and its continued relevance in neoliberal times
Authors: Lawson Christopher 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe political upheavals of recent years, including Brexit and the election of Donald Trump, have increased scholarly and public interest in the impact of deindustrialisation on working‐class communities. Building upon earlier literature reviews, this historiographical study examines the continued flowering of this interdisciplinary, transnational field of research. After briefly recounting the emergence of the field in response to the structural transformations of the 1970s and 80s, and its subsequent ‘cultural turn’, this review focuses on identifying the most promising strands of contemporary English‐language research. It notes the particularly innovative attempts to identify the ‘moral economy’ of deindustrialising societies, the growing study of the long‐term cultural legacies or ‘half‐life’ of deindustrialisation, and the renewed focus on the politics of memory and heritage preservation. Finally, it considers how scholars can constructively respond to the increasing public interest in deindustrialisation, challenge racialised and exclusionary definitions of the working‐class, and unpick the historical relationship between deindustrialisation and the social and political transformations of recent times.
Addition of the tumour–stroma ratio to the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system improves survival prediction for patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mascitti Marco , Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Togni Lucrezia , Caponio Vito C A , Almangush Alhadi , Balercia Paolo , Balercia Andrea , Rubini Corrado , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Santarelli Andrea , Troiano Giuseppe 
Published: July 2020

AimsOne of the objectives of current research is to customise the treatment of cancer patients. The achievement of this objective requires stratification of patients based on the most significant prognostic factors. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prognostic value of the tumour–stroma ratio (TSR), defined as the proportion of tumour cells relative to surrounding stroma, in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), and to develop a prognostic nomogram based on the most significant clinicopathological features.Methods and resultsClinicopathological data of 211 patients treated at ‘Ospedali Riuniti’ General Hospital (Ancona, Italy) for OTSCC were collected. One hundred and thirty‐nine patients were restaged according to the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. Evaluation of the TSR was performed on haematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides, and correlation with survival outcomes was evaluated. In addition, with the aim of integrating the independent value of the TSR with the 8th edition AJCC staging system, a prognostic nomogram for OTSCC has been developed. OTSCC with a low TSR (i.e. a high proportion of stroma and a low proportion of tumour cells) was shown to have negative prognostic value in terms of disease‐specific survival, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.883 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.033–3.432 (P = 0.039), and overall survival (HR = 1.747, 95% CI 0.967–3.154; P = 0.044), independently of other histological and clinical parameters. For the cohort of 139 patients restaged according to the 8th edition AJCC staging system, variables correlating with a poor prognosis were: the TSR, perineural invasion, and sex. The nomogram built on these parameters showed good predictive capacity, outperforming the 8th edition AJCC staging system in stratifying disease‐specific survival in OTSCC patients.ConclusionsIncluding the TSR in the predictive model could improve risk stratification of OTSCC patients and aid in making treatment decisions.