bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade‐offs between fire hazard reduction and conservation in a Natura 2000 shrub–grassland mosaic
Authors: Silva Vasco , Catry Filipe X. , Fernandes Paulo M. , Rego Francisco C. , Bugalho Miguel N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the effects of time since prescribed burning on plant species composition and diversity in a Natura 2000 shrub–grassland mosaic? Is it possible to use prescribed burning to reduce fire hazard and simultaneously maintain conservation status in such habitat types?LocationSintra‐Cascais Natural Park, Portugal.MethodsWe assessed differences in plant species composition, plant diversity, vegetation structure and above‐ground plant biomass between plots treated with prescribed burning (two, four and six years after fire) and untreated plots in a mosaic of Natura 2000 dry shrub–grasslands, and assessed potential fire behaviour differences between treatments.ResultsPlant species richness and diversity were higher two and four years after prescribed burning, in comparison with untreated plots. Cover of herbaceous species and non‐resprouters was higher, and cover of shrubs was lower, but only two years after fire. Habitat structure and phytovolume of the indicator species Ulex jussiaei was affected negatively up to six years after prescribed burning, indicating changes in conservation status from Favourable to Unfavourable. Prescribed burning reduced above‐ground biomass and fire simulations showed that potential fire hazard was also reduced, particularly in two‐year‐old plots.ConclusionsPrescribed burning increased plant diversity in the short term, reduced fuel loads and fire hazard, but negatively affected habitat conservation status. We show that there are potential trade‐offs between fire hazard mitigation and conservation in a Natura 2000 shrub–grassland habitat type and that these must be considered during fuel management decisions.
Environmentally driven forecasts of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) recruitment in the eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Cooper Daniel , Rogers Lauren A. , Wilderbuer Thomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNorthern rock sole recruitment in the eastern Bering Sea has been hypothesized to (a) depend on wind‐driven surface currents linking spawning and nursery areas, (b) be density‐dependent, and (c) be negatively impacted by cold bottom temperatures over a large nursery area during the first summer of life. A suite of models was developed to test these hypotheses. Data included 32 years of recruitment and spawning biomass estimates derived from a stock assessment model and wind and temperature indices customized to the environmental exposure of age‐0 northern rock sole in the eastern Bering Sea. The predictive ability of the models was evaluated, and the models were used to forecast recruitment to age‐4 for recent year classes which are poorly retained by the standard multi‐species bottom trawl survey gear. Models which included wind and temperature indices performed better than a naïve forecast based on the running mean. The best‐performing model was a categorical model with wind and temperature thresholds, which explained 49% of the variation in recruitment. Ricker models performed more poorly than models without a spawning biomass term, providing no evidence that recruitment is related to stock size. The models forecast higher recruitment for the most recent year classes (2015–2018) than for prior year classes with observed poor recruitment (2006–2013). These environment‐based recruitment forecasts may improve recruitment estimates for the most recent year classes and facilitate study of the effects of future climate change on northern rock sole population dynamics.
Insulin resistance and intestinal integrity in children with and without HIV infection in Uganda
Authors: Dirajlal‐Fargo S , Shan L , Sattar A , Bowman E , Gabriel J , Kulkarni M , Funderburg N , Nazzinda R , Musiime V , McComsey GA 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThe risk of cardiometabolic complications in children with perinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIVs) and in perinatally HIV‐exposed but uninfected children (HEUs) and its relationship to systemic inflammation and markers of gut integrity are not well established. In this current study, we assed insulin resitance in PHIV compared to HEUs and HIV unexposed uninfected children and explored potential association with intestinal damage biomarkers.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study in PHIVs, HEUs and HIV‐unexposed, uninfected children (HUUs) aged 2–10 years enrolled in Uganda. PHIVs were on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) with HIV viral load < 400 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL. Insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). We measured markers of systemic inflammation, monocyte activation and gut integrity. Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare markers by HIV status; Pearson correlation and multiple linear regressions were used to assess associations of the HOMA‐IR index with biomarkers of intestinal damage and translocation.ResultsOverall, 172 participants were enrolled in the study (57 PHIVs, 59 HEUs and 56 HUUs). The median age was 7.8 [interquartile range (IQR) 6.39, 8.84] years, 55% were female and the median body mass index (BMI) was 15 (IQR 14.3, 15.8) kg/m2. Among PHIVs, the median CD4% was 37%, and 93% had viral load ≤ 20 copies/mL. PHIVs had higher waist:hip ratio, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and HOMA‐IR index than the other groups (P ≤ 0.02). Factors correlated with insulin resistance included higher BMI and HDL cholesterol and lower soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor I (sTNFRI) (P ≤ 0.02). There was no correlation between any of the other inflammatory or gut biomarkers and HOMA‐IR index (P ≥ 0.05). After adjusting for age and sTNFRI, BMI remained independently associated with the HOMA‐IR index (β = 0.16; P < 0.01).ConclusionsDespite viral suppression, Ugandan PHIVs have disturbances in glucose metabolism. Higher BMI, and not immune activation or alteration of gut integrity, was associated with insulin resistance in this population.
Redefining a ‘new normality’: A hermeneutic phenomenological study of the experiences of patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Olano‐Lizarraga Maddi , Zaragoza‐Salcedo Amparo , Martín‐Martín Jesús , Saracíbar‐Razquin Maribel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the perception of normality in life experienced by patients with chronic heart failure.DesignA hermeneutic phenomenological study was conducted.MethodsIndividual conversational interviews were held with 20 outpatients with chronic heart failure between March 2014–July 2015. Van Manen's phenomenology of practice method was used for data analysis.ResultsFrom the analysis, four main themes emerged: (a) Accepting my new situation; (b) Experiencing satisfaction with life; (c) Continuing with my family, social and work roles; and (d) Hiding my illness from others.ConclusionsThe present study makes a novel contribution to understanding the importance of the perception of normality in the lives of patients with chronic heart failure. It was found that patients need to incorporate this health experience into their lives and reach a ‘new normal’, thus achieving well‐being. Several factors were identified that can help promote this perception in their lives; therefore, nursing interventions should be designed to help develop scenarios encouraging this normalization process.ImpactAlthough the implications of having a sense of normality or experiencing ‘normalization’ of the illness process in life have been studied in other chronic patient populations, no studies to date have examined how patients with chronic heart failure experience this phenomenon in their lives. For the first time, the results of this research prove that the perception of normality is a key aspect in the experience of living with chronic heart failure.
γ‐Octalactone, an effective oviposition stimulant of Bactrocera tryoni
Authors: Kempraj Vivek , Jean Park Soo , Taylor Phillip W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInsects commonly rely on olfactory, gustatory and visual cues when deciding where to lay eggs. The olfactory cues that stimulate oviposition in the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), are not well understood. Here, we show that two known oviposition stimulants of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)—γ‐octalactone and benzothiazole—strongly elicit aggregation and oviposition in B. tryoni. Two other known oviposition stimulants of B. dorsalis—ethyl tiglate and 1‐octen‐3‐ol—elicit aggregation but not oviposition. Highlighting species overlap, but also differences, in oviposition stimulants, these findings have practical application for mass‐rearing in which vast numbers of flies are reared for sterile insect technique programs and may also have practical application in the development of pest management and monitoring tools.
APPROACHES TO PRICE FORMATION IN FINANCIALIZED COMMODITY MARKETS
Authors: van Huellen Sophie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA recent debate about the financialization of commodity markets has stimulated the development of new approaches to price formation which incorporate index traders as a new trader category. I survey these new approaches by retracing their emergence to traditional price formation models and show that they arise from a synthesis between commodity arbitrage pricing and behavioural pricing theories in the tradition of Keynesian inspired hedging pressure models. Based on these insights, I derive testable hypotheses and provide guidance for a growing literature that seeks to empirically evaluate the effects of index traders on price discovery in commodity futures markets.
Full‐Arch Implant‐Supported Fixed Dental Prosthesis Retained by a Combination of Galvano‐Telescopic Copings and Screws: A Clinical Report
Authors: Mori Gentaro , Iwai Kazuya , Oda Yukari , Furuya Yoshitaka , Yajima Yasutomo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFull‐arch screw‐retained implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses have a high long‐term success rate and are considered the gold standard by many clinicians. However, accurate fabrication of a passive fit long‐span prosthesis can be challenging. A novel intraoral adhesion method using galvano‐telescopic copings was proposed as a way of improving prosthetic fit for edentulous patients. This report describes the treatment of a 74‐year‐old female with a full‐arch implant‐supported dental prosthesis, supported by a combination of galvano‐telescopic copings and screws to prevent retention loss. Four years have passed since this superstructure was placed, during this time she exhibited a good clinical course with no inflammation noted in surrounding tissues. Treatment with an implant‐supported fixed dental prosthesis, retained by a combination of galvano‐telescopic copings and screws, can be a useful alternative treatment for edentulous patients.
Impact of nitric oxide's bidirectional role on glaucoma: focus onHelicobacter pylori–related nitrosative stress
Authors: Papaefthymiou Apostolis , Doulberis Michael , Katsinelos Panagiotis , Liatsos Christos , Polyzos Stergios A. , Kotronis Georgios , Papanikolaou Katerina , Kountouras Jannis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNitric oxide (NO), a small molecule generated ubiquitously, targets a plethora of tissues to regulate both physiological and pathophysiological functions. NO overproduction, stimulated by microenvironmental conditions, is the main component that dysregulates the tight balance between its beneficial and damaging roles in ocular homeostasis. Considering the protective functions of NO against glaucoma, its endogenous release facilitates aqueous humor drainage and regulates ocular blood flow, maintaining a normal intraocular pressure. NO overproduction generates free radicals, such as peroxynitrite, which induce a vicious circle of vascular disharmony and dysregulation, transient ischemia, nitrosative stress, neuronal degeneration, and permanent glaucomatic injury.Helicobacter pylori(Hp) is considered a burdening factor of glaucoma. NO overproduction and possible systematic dispersion inHpinfection (Hp‐I) could suggest a potential pathophysiological bridge between these conditions. In this review, we aim to elucidate the role of NO in glaucoma with respect toHp‐I, with the aim to stimulate further studies.
Psychiatric disorders in individuals diagnosed with gender dysphoria: A systematic review
Authors: de Freitas Larissa Dias , Léda‐Rêgo Gabriela , Bezerra‐Filho Severino , Miranda‐Scippa Ângela 
Published: October 2019

AimAlthough there has been an increase in the social acceptance of the gender dysphoria (GD) population, these individuals still suffer a high degree of emotional stress, which highlights the importance of knowing their mental illness diagnosis.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify the frequency of lifetime Axis I mental disorders in this population, using the MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane, EMBASE, and PsychINFO databases and manual searching, examining articles published after 1980. The search used the key words: (‘transgender’ OR ‘gender identity disorder’ OR ‘gender dysphoria’ OR ‘transsexualism’ OR ‘gender dysphoric patients’ OR ‘gender incongruence’) AND (‘mental disorder’ OR ‘axis I’ OR ‘psychiatric disorders’) AND (‘comorbidity’ OR ‘comorbid’ OR ‘prevalence’).ResultsFrom 233 papers found, five were included. The total sample comprised 577 individuals diagnosed with GD, of whom 307 (53.2%) had presented with at least one mental disorder in their lifetime. Among this high frequency of Axis I disorders, mood disorders were the most frequent (found in 243 individuals [42.1%]), followed by anxiety disorders (155 [26.8%]), and substance use/abuse disorders (85 [14.7%]).ConclusionThis study offers important data to researchers and clinicians so they can recognize and contribute to the development of public policy on the mental health of the population diagnosed with GD. The mental health of these individuals requires special attention as it contributes to their functional impairment.
Effects of a home follow‐up program in Turkey for urban mothers of premature babies
Authors: Bora Güneş Nebahat , Çavuşoğlu Hicran 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of a home follow‐up program in Turkey on care problems, anxiety, and depression levels of mothers after the birth of a premature baby.MethodsA semi‐experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design. Eighty premature newborns and their mothers were included in the study. Nursing care was given to mothers and babies in the study group through a total of four home visits on weeks 1, 2, 3, and days 40–42 in Kırıkkale, Turkey guided by the Nursing Diagnosis System and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) system of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA). Data were collected from a sociodemographics form, home care needs evaluation form, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, and State Anxiety Inventory.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups for nursing diagnoses at baseline, while the study group resulted in significantly fewer problems on days 40–42, compared to the control group. Mothers had a comparatively lower depression and state anxiety risk in the study group compared to the control group.ConclusionsProviding home‐based nursing care for preterm mothers and babies during the first 40–42 days has the potential to decrease postnatal care problems, including maternal depression and state anxiety levels.
Identifying community priorities for neighborhood livability: Engaging neighborhood residents to facilitate community assessment
Authors: Reyes David , Meyer Karen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIdentifying community‐driven priorities to improve health outcomes is crucial toward achieving health equity. Seldom are communities experiencing health disparities included in community health assessment (CHA) and health improvement planning efforts (Pennel, McLeroy, Burdine, Matarrita‐Cascante, & Wang, 2017). The purpose of this project was to conduct a CHA using a socio‐ecological framework and community engagement (CE) process. In this paper we describe an exemplar engaging local residents as community facilitators to assess indicators of neighborhood livability, challenges and lessons learned, and implications for public health and community/public health nursing. Community residents were trained to facilitate focus groups and participated in analyzing these data. Data analysis yielded five neighborhood livability indicators and priorities reflecting the social determinants of health. Engaging community residents as stakeholders in CHA and health improvement planning is critical for identifying structural factors affecting neighborhood livability and priorities to improve health and well‐being. Public health and health care system partnerships employing inclusive CE practices are necessary to improve overall population health outcomes. Public health nursing's role as strategy and system leaders can contribute toward the success of these cross‐sector partnerships with diverse communities and populations.
Unravelling the structure and function of the petal appendages in the tribe Schwenckieae (Solanaceae)
Authors: Paucar J. O. A. , Isaias R. M. S. , Stehmann J. R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The tribe Schwenckieae (Solanaceae) is characterised by the presence of appendages on the corolla, a diagnostic trait for the group. These appendages constitute a median distal projection of the three‐lobed petal and occur in the genera Melananthus and Schwenckia but are absent in Heteranthia.

We investigated the micromorphology and anatomical structure of the appendages and lateral petal lobes of Schwenckia americana (two varieties), S. angustifolia, S. curviflora and S. novaveneciana, and Melananthus fasciculatus. We also performed histochemical tests to determine if the appendages are involved in the production of volatiles, acting as a fragrance secretory structure (osmophore).

The appendages have a uniseriate epidermis, whose cells store phenolics and lipids. The parenchyma is starch‐rich just prior to anthesis in all species studied. The sensory test and anatomical analyses identified scent‐secreting tissues, not only in the appendages, but also in the lateral petal lobes, whose cells are papillose with a sculptured surface. The α‐naphthol p‐phenylenediamine (NADI) reaction detected volatile (essential oils) compounds in S. americana var. americana and S. americana var. angustifolia.

We demonstrated the secretory tissues and the production of lipids in the corolla appendages of Schwenckia and Melananthus, which indicate their osmogenic function and probable scent emission to attract pollinators.
Genetic structure and population diversity in the wheat sharp eyespot pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA
Authors: Liu J. , Mundt C. C. 
Published: October 2019

Wheat sharp eyespot, caused by the soilborne basidiomycete fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis group D subgroup I (AG‐DI), is a common disease of wheat stems that has increased in global importance in recent years. The disease caused a severe and extensive epidemic throughout the Willamette Valley of Oregon in 2014 and has remained one of the most important wheat diseases in this region subsequently. The population structure of this pathogen is still not well understood. In this study, 572 pure cultures of R. cerealis AG‐DI were isolated from five commercial fields and two experimental fields in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, in the spring of 2017 and 2018. Population structure studies were conducted using six microsatellite markers. Polymorphisms were observed at all six loci, and all seven subpopulations showed moderate gene and genotype diversity. Most of the loci were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in the subpopulations, the entire population combined over locations and five of seven subpopulations were in gametic equilibrium, and the AMOVA and Mantel’s test demonstrated no differentiation among subpopulations. Though direct evidence is currently lacking, these results suggest that the sexual stage of the pathogen may be having a significant impact on pathogen population structure, and that the presence of basidiospores could be contributing to the extensive spread of this disease in the Willamette Valley in recent years.
Ethnic differences in singleton preterm birth in England and Wales, 2006‐12: Analysis of national routinely collected data
Authors: Li Yangmei , Quigley Maria A. , Macfarlane Alison , Jayaweera Hiranthi , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Hollowell Jennifer 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundData recorded at birth and death registration in England and Wales have been routinely linked with data recorded at birth notification since 2006. These provide scope for detailed analyses on ethnic differences in preterm birth (PTB).ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate ethnic differences in PTB and degree of prematurity in England and Wales, taking into account maternal sociodemographic characteristics and to further explore the contribution of mother's country of birth to these ethnic differences in PTB.MethodsWe analysed PTB and degree of prematurity by ethnic group, using routinely collected and linked data for all singleton live births in England and Wales, 2006‐2012. Logistic regression was used to adjust for mother's age, marital status/registration type, area deprivation and mother's country of birth.ResultsIn the 4 634 932 births analysed, all minority ethnic groups except ‘Other White’ had significantly higher odds of PTB compared with White British babies (ORs between 1.04‐1.25); highest odds were in Black Caribbean, Indian, Bangladeshi and Pakistani groups. Ethnic differences in PTB tended to be greater at earlier gestational ages. In all ethnic groups, odds of PTB were lower for babies whose mothers were born outside the UK.ConclusionsIn England and Wales, Black Caribbean, Indian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Black African babies all have significantly increased odds of being born preterm compared with White British babies. Bangladeshis apart, these groups are particularly at risk of extremely PTB. In all ethnic groups, the odds of PTB are lower for babies whose mothers were born outside the UK. These ethnic differences do not appear to be wholly explained by area deprivation or other sociodemographic characteristics.