bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse GABAergic neurons organize into subtype-specific sublaminae in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Sabbagh Ubadah , Govindaiah Gubbi , Somaiya Rachana D. , Ha Ryan V. , Wei Jessica C. , Guido William , Fox Michael A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the visual system, retinal axons convey visual information from the outside world to dozens of distinct retinorecipient brain regions and organize that information at several levels, including either at the level of retinal afferents, cytoarchitecture of intrinsic retinorecipient neurons, or a combination of the two. Two major retinorecipient nuclei which are densely innervated by retinal axons are the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), which is important for classical image-forming vision, and ventral LGN (vLGN), which is associated with non-image-forming vision. The neurochemistry, cytoarchitecture, and retinothalamic connectivity in vLGN remain unresolved, raising fundamental questions of how it receives and processes visual information. To shed light on these important questions, we labeled neurons in vLGN with canonical and novel cell type-specific markers and studied their spatial distribution and morphoelectric properties. Not only did we find a high percentage of cells in vLGN to be GABAergic, we discovered transcriptomically distinct GABAergic cell types reside in the two major laminae of vLGN, the retinorecipient, external vLGN (vLGNe) and the non-retinorecipient, internal vLGN (vLGNi). Within vLGNe, we identified transcriptionally distinct subtypes of GABAergic cells that are distributed into four adjacent sublaminae. Using trans-synaptic viral tracing andin vitroelectrophysiology, we found cells in each these vLGNe sublaminae receive monosynaptic inputs from the retina. These results not only identify novel subtypes of GABAergic cells in vLGN, they suggest the subtype-specific laminar distribution of retinorecipient cells in vLGNe may be important for receiving, processing, and transmitting light-derived signals in parallel channels of the subcortical visual system.Graphical abstract.The vLGN is organized into subtype-specific sublaminae which receive visual inputThe ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) is part of the visual thalamus. It can broadly be separated into two structural domains or laminae, the external vLGNe (which receives retinal input) and the internal vLGNi (receives no retinal input). In this study, we describe subtypes of transcriptomically distinct GABAergic neurons that populate the vLGN and organize into discrete, adjacent sublaminae in the vLGNe. Taken together, our results show four subtype-specific sublaminae of retinorecipient neurons in vLGNe.
FalseColor-Python: a rapid intensity-leveling and digital-staining package for fluorescence-based slide-free digital pathology
Authors: Serafin Robert , Xie Weisi , Glaser Adam K. , Liu Jonathan T. C 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSlide-free digital pathology techniques, including nondestructive 3D microscopy, are gaining interest as alternatives to traditional slide-based histology. In order to facilitate clinical adoption of these fluorescence-based techniques, software methods have been developed to convert grayscale fluorescence images into color images that mimic the appearance of standard absorptive chromogens such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). However, these false-coloring algorithms often require manual and iterative adjustment of parameters, with results that can be inconsistent in the presence of intensity nonuniformities within an image and/or between specimens (intra- and inter-specimen variability). Here, we present an open-source (Python-based) rapid intensity-leveling and digital-staining package that is specifically designed to render two-channel fluorescence images (i.e. a fluorescent analog of H&E) to the traditional H&E color space for 2D and 3D microscopy datasets. However, this method can be easily tailored for other false-coloring needs. Our package offers (1) automated and uniform false coloring in spite of uneven staining within a large thick specimen, (2) consistent color-space representations that are robust to variations in staining and imaging conditions between different specimens, and (3) GPU-accelerated data processing to allow these methods to scale to large datasets. We demonstrate this platform by generating H&E-like images from cleared tissues that are fluorescently imaged in 3D with open-top light-sheet (OTLS) microscopy, and quantitatively characterizing the results in comparison to traditional slide-based H&E histology.
The LINC complex transmits integrin-dependent tension to the nuclear lamina and represses epidermal differentiation
Authors: Carley Emma , Stewart Rachel K. , Zieman Abigail , Jalilian Iman , King Diane. E. , Zubek Amanda , Lin Samantha , Horsley Valerie , King Megan C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile the mechanisms by which chemical signals control cell fate have been well studied, how mechanical inputs impact cell fate decisions are not well understood. Here, using the well-defined system of keratinocyte differentiation in the skin, we examine whether and how direct force transmission to the nucleus regulates epidermal cell fate. Using a molecular biosensor, we find that tension on the nucleus through Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes requires integrin engagement in undifferentiated epidermal stem cells, and is released during differentiation concomitant with decreased tension on A-type lamins. LINC complex ablation in mice reveals that LINC complexes are required to repress epidermal differentiationin vivoandin vitroand influence accessibility of epidermal differentiation genes, suggesting that force transduction from engaged integrins to the nucleus plays a role in maintaining keratinocyte progenitors. This work reveals a direct mechanotransduction pathway capable of relaying adhesion-specific signals to regulate cell fate.
The nucleosome DNA entry-exit site is important for transcription termination inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hildreth A. Elizabeth , Ellison Mitchell A. , Francette Alex M. , Seraly Julia M. , Lotka Lauren M. , Arndt Karen M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCompared to other stages in the RNA polymerase II transcription cycle, the role of chromatin in transcription termination is poorly understood. Through a genetic screen, we identified histone mutant strains that exhibit transcriptional readthrough of terminatorsin vivo. Amino acid subtitutions map to the nucleosome DNA entry-exit site. On a genome-wide scale, the strongest H3 mutants revealed increased sense-strand transcription upstream and downstream of Pol II transcribed genes, increased antisense transcription overlapping gene bodies, and reduced nucleosome occupancy particularly at the 3’ ends of genes. Replacement of the native sequence downstream of a gene with a sequence that increases nucleosome occupancyin vivoreduced readthrough transcription and suppressed the effect of a DNA entry-exit site substitution. Our results suggest that nucleosomes can facilitate termination by serving as a barrier to RNA polymerase II progression and highlight the importance of the DNA entry-exit site in maintaining the integrity of the transcriptome.
Impact of referencing scheme on decoding performance of LFP-based brain-machine interface
Authors: Ahmadi Nur , Constandinou Timothy G. , Bouganis Christos-Savvas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThere has recently been an increasing interest in local field potential (LFP) for brain-machine interface (BMI) applications due to its desirable properties (signal stability and low bandwidth). LFP is typically recorded with respect to a single unipolar reference which is susceptible to common noise. Several referencing schemes have been proposed to eliminate the common noise, such as bipolar reference, current source density (CSD), and common average reference (CAR). However, to date, there have not been any studies to investigate the impact of these referencing schemes on decoding performance of LFP-based BMIs.ApproachTo address this issue, we comprehensively examined the impact of different referencing schemes and LFP features on the performance of hand kinematic decoding using a deep learning method. We used LFPs chronically recorded from the motor cortex area of a monkey while performing reaching tasks.Main resultsExperimental results revealed that local motor potential (LMP) emerged as the most informative feature regardless of the referencing schemes. Using LMP as the feature, CAR was found to yield consistently better decoding performance than other referencing schemes over long-term recording sessions.SignificanceOverall, our results suggest the potential use of LMP coupled with CAR for enhancing the decoding performance of LFP-based BMIs.
Through-grid wicking enables high-speed cryoEM specimen preparation
Authors: Tan Yong Zi , Rubinstein John L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBlotting times for conventional cryoEM specimen preparation complicate time-resolved studies and lead to some specimens adopting preferred orientations or denaturing at the air-water interface. We show that solution sprayed onto one side of a holey cryoEM grid can be wicked through the grid by a glass fiber filter held against the opposite side, often called the ‘back’ of the grid, producing a film suitable for vitrification. This process can be completed in tens of milliseconds. We combined ultrasonic specimen application and through-grid wicking in a high-speed specimen preparation device that we name ‘Back-it-up’, or BIU. The high liquid-absorption capacity of the glass fiber compared to self-wicking grids appears to make the method relatively insensitive to the amount of sample applied. Consequently, through-grid wicking produces large areas of ice suitable for cryoEM for both soluble and detergent-solubilized protein complexes. The device’s speed increases the number of views for a specimen that suffers from preferred orientations.
Spatiotemporal contribution of neuromesodermal progenitor-derived neural cells in the elongation of developing mouse spinal cord
Authors: Shaker Mohammed R , Lee Ju-Hyun , Kim Kyung Hyun , Kim Veronica Jihyun , Kim Joo Yeon , Lee Ji Yeoun , Sun Woong 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTDuring vertebrate development, the posterior end of the embryo progressively elongates in a head-to-tail direction to form the body plan. Recent lineage tracing experiments revealed that bi-potent progenitors, called neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs), produce caudal neural and mesodermal tissues during axial elongation. However, their precise location and contribution to spinal cord development remain elusive. Here we used NMP-specific markers (Sox2 and BraT) and a genetic lineage tracing system to localize NMP progenyin vivo. NMPs were initially located at the tail tip, but were later found in the caudal neural tube, which is a unique feature of mouse development. In the neural tube, they produced neural stem cells (NSCs) and contributed to the spinal cord gradually along the AP axis during axial elongation. Interestingly, NMP-derived NSCs preferentially contributed to the ventral side first and later to the dorsal side at the lumbar spinal cord level, which may be associated with atypical junctional neurulation in mice. Our current observations detail the contribution of NMP progeny to spinal cord elongation and provide insights into how different species uniquely execute caudal morphogenesis.
Monetary and fiscal policy effects in South African economy
Authors: Nuru Naser Yenus 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to see the macroeconomic effects of monetary and fiscal policy shocks in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe joint effects of monetary and fiscal policy are analyzed by applying short-run contemporaneous restrictions for the identification of shocks in an SVAR in order to derive impulse response functions. Hence, a general AB model of (Amisano and Giannini, 1997) identification scheme, which is not recursive, is employed in this study.FindingsThe author shows that monetary tightening leads to a fall in real economic activity and depreciates the exchange rate. And in regard to the fiscal policy, the author calculates an initial government spending multiplier of 0.20, which later peaks at 0.40. The tax multiplier is almost 0 on impact and statistically insignificant. However, the author finds evidence supporting the existence of accommodative stance between monetary policy and fiscal policy, which is important for economic and political decision-making.Originality/valueEmpirical studies that deal with the joint effects of monetary and fiscal policy for South Africa through the SVAR framework are quite limited. This paper, therefore, contributes to the empirical literature on the effects of monetary and fiscal policy in a small open economy like South Africa.
Development of a tool for measuring building information modeling (BIM) user satisfaction – method selection, scale development and case study
Authors: Liu Honglei , Song Jiule , Wang Guangbin 
Published: May 2020

PurposeWith the increasing attention acquired from researchers and practitioners in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, building information modeling (BIM) has fundamentally changed the approach we design, construct and delivery, as well as operate and maintenance of buildings and civil infrastructures. This study tries to provide an innovative perspective on BIM research. This study aims to analyze the necessity and feasibility of BIM user satisfaction research and define what BIM user satisfaction is, and then to develop a quantitative method for the measurement of BIM user satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachAs it is indicated in the content, BIM user satisfaction is measured by the sum of the user's weighted reactions to a set of factors. To be specific, the entropy method was adopted to calculate the “weighting” of the factors, and the triangular fuzzy number (TFN) method was selected to compute the “scoring” of the factors. Through the literature review, methodology and tool development, as well as case study and discussions, this paper was generated sequentially.FindingsThis study found that the proposed tool for the measurement of BIM success is valid and reliable; it formerly translated the conceptual definition of BIM user satisfaction into an accurate measurement instrument. It also indicated that many factors are affecting the BIM users' satisfaction, and each of the factors inherited various importance and score, and the findings are expected to improve the performance and effectiveness of BIM management.Originality/valueThrough the translation of the conceptual BIM user satisfaction into a valid quantitative measurement instrument, this research provides an excellent framework for the management of BIM from the user's perspective, and it could help to stimulate user's acceptance of BIM in the AEC industry in future.
Patterns simulation in the 3D virtual stitching and try-on system
Authors: Zhu Guangzhou , Song Wenfang 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe paper presents a method for the patterns simulation in the 3D virtual stitching and try-on system.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the patterns are designed using the garment CAD software and stored in the DXF format. Second, the regular grid method is employed to mesh the patterns to be quadrangular, and the patterns triangular meshing can be obtained by connecting the diagonal of the quadrangular. Then a mass-spring model is established, and the forces analysis and the explicit Euler integration method are employed to accomplish the patterns simulation. The paper demonstrates the robustness of our simulation through two sets of experiments, including a lady’s dress patterns meshing experiments and the experiments of the virtual stitching of the lady’s dress.FindingsThe patterns meshing algorithm can meet the requirements of the internal meshing and the boundary meshing, and it is very important to select an appropriate meshing density. The implementation of the virtual stitching of the lady’s dress proves the effectiveness and usability of the simulation methods.Research limitations/implicationsThe lady’s dress used in the experiments is a relatively simple fashion style, with only the front and back pattern. It is very worthy of further research on the effectiveness of the complex structure of clothing.Practical implicationsThe paper includes practical implications of the methods of the patterns meshing and the virtual stitching of the simple fashion styles.Originality/valueThe simulation system is developed using VC++ 2015 with the help of the OpenGL functions library, which is proved as a simple, lower computation and robustness for the patterns simulation of the simple garments.
Performance gaming: a systematic review of the literature in public administration and other disciplines with directions for future research
Authors: Benaine Shawn L. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThrough comparative analysis with other social science disciplines, gaps are identified in the performance gaming literature of public administration as it compares to other social science disciplines in order to understand directions for future research in this space.Design/methodology/approachThis study involves a systematic review of the performance gaming literature, focusing on important drivers of performance gaming. Using Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ProQuest Central, the systematic review covers years ranging from 1990 through 2019 and revealed empirical studies that were deemed relevant based on whether an article was (1) an empirical study and (2) performance gaming or cheating behavior was the outcome variable. Out of the 81 articles surmised from the search, 51 were regarded as relevant by meeting these criteria.FindingsThe main finding is that public administration has primarily focused on drivers that are embedded in the performance system. The other social sciences (psychology and economics, in particular) focus mainly on individual factors, mostly cognitive in nature. Public administration has also looked at organizational drivers, though this is a burgeoning area. Scholars in public administration may benefit from the other social sciences by determining how individual drivers work within the context of public organizations and how these shape organizational behavior.Originality/valuePer my knowledge, the paper is the first to systematically compare the performance gaming literature of public administration to other social science disciplines. The paper provides a direction for this burgeoning area of research.
The nexus of asset pricing, volatility and the business cycle
Authors: Roy Rahul , Shijin Santhakumar 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to examine the dynamics in the troika of asset pricing, volatility, and the business cycle in the US and Japan.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a six-factor asset pricing model to derive the realized volatility measure for the GARCH-type models.FindingsThe comprehensive empirical investigation led to the following conclusion. First, the results infer that the market portfolio and human capital are the primary discounting factors in asset return predictability during various phases of the subprime crisis phenomenon for the US and Japan. Second, the empirical estimates neither show any significant impact of past conditional volatility on the current conditional volatility nor any significant effect of subprime crisis episodes on the current conditional volatility in the US and Japan. Third, there is no asymmetric volatility effect during the subprime crisis phenomenon in the US and Japan except the asymmetric volatility effect during the post-subprime crisis period in the US and full period in Japan. Fourth, the volatility persistence is relatively higher during the subprime crisis period in the US, whereas during the subprime crisis transition period in Japan than the rest of the phases of the subprime crisis phenomenon.Originality/valueThe study argues that the empirical investigations that employed the autoregressive method to derive the realized volatility measure for the parameter estimation of GARCH-type models may result in incurring spurious estimates. Further, the empirical results of the study show that using the six-factor asset pricing model in an intertemporal framework to derive the realized volatility measure yields better estimation results while estimating the parameters of GARCH-type models.
Asymmetry cointegration and the J-curve: new evidence from Africa
Authors: Bahmani-Oskooee Mohsen , Arize Augustine Chuck 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose is to assess the asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes on the trade balance using data from African nations.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on the most recent development in asymmetry cointegration and error-correction modeling.FindingsWhile the authors find short-run asymmetric effects in many of the countries in their sample, asymmetry cointegration yields support for the new definition of the J-curve in Algeria, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Morocco, Tanzania and Zambia.Originality/valueThis is the first study that applies nonlinear ARDL approach of Shin et al. (2014) using data from each of the 13 countries in Africa.
Learning disability screening: impact on prison programmes
Authors: Ramsay Laura , Wakeling Helen , De Lucchi Rebecca , Gilbert Hannah 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine staff views’ of the usefulness of the Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) screening tools for learning disability and/or learning challenges (LDC) on offending behaviour programme selection and programme participant’s learning experiences.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 11 treatment managers (TMs) and 10 programme graduates across 4 prison sites, from a range of HMPPS accredited programmes were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed, analysed and interpreted using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) method of thematic analysis.

Findings
Overall, TMs found the screening tools useful in aiding programme allocation decisions, particularly, in terms of the triangulated approach and were, in general, using them in line with the guidance. A number of key factors influenced programme allocation decisions, including participant factors, information gathered from a number of sources and from a range of staff and in collaboration with the individual. The importance of being responsive to the needs of the individual was highlighted. Group participants generally felt they were on the right programme according to their needs and found the programmes responsive. Suggestions for further research and improving programme selection are made.

Research limitations/implications
Data were collected from four prisons, each providing a number of different accredited programmes. Caution is, therefore, needed when generalising the findings.

Originality/value
This research contributes to ensuring that those with LDC have equality of opportunity in reducing their risk of reoffending through accessing HMPPS accredited offending behaviour programmes most responsive to their learning needs. It also contributes to the growing evidence base about the effective use of LDC screening tools in forensic settings.