bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Neural Circuit from Thalamic Paraventricular Nucleus to Central Amygdala for the Facilitation of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Liang Shao-Hua , Zhao Wen-Jun , Yin Jun-Bin , Chen Ying-Biao , Li Jia-Ni , Feng Ban , Lu Ya-Cheng , Wang Jian , Dong Yu-Lin , Li Yun-Qing 
Published: September 2020

As one of the thalamic midline nuclei, the thalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVT) is considered to be an important signal integration site for many descending and ascending pathways that modulate a variety of behaviors, including feeding, emotions, and drug-seeking. A recent study has demonstrated that the PVT is implicated in the acute visceral pain response, but it is unclear whether the PVT plays a critical role in the central processing of chronic pain. Here, we report that the neurons in the posterior portion of the PVT (pPVT) and their downstream pathway are involved in descending nociceptive facilitation regarding the development of neuropathic pain conditions in male rats. Lesions or inhibition of pPVT neurons alleviated mechanical allodynia induced by spared nerve injury (SNI). The excitability of pPVT-central amygdala (CeA) projection neurons was significantly increased in SNI rats. Importantly, selective optogenetic activation of the pPVT-CeA pathway induced obvious mechanical hypersensitivity in naive rats. In addition, we used rabies virus (RV)-based and cell-type-specific retrograde transsynaptic tracing techniques to define a novel neuronal circuit in which glutamatergic neurons in the vlPAG were the target of the pPVT-CeA descending facilitation pathway. Our data suggest that this pPVTGlu+-CeA-vlPAGGlu+circuit mediates central mechanisms of descending pain facilitation underlying persistent pain conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStudies have shown that the interactions between the posterior portion of the thalamic paraventricular nucleus (pPVT) and central amygdala (CeA) play a critical role in pain-related emotional regulation. However, most reports have associated this circuit with fear and anxiety behaviors. Here, an integrative approach of behavioral tests, electrophysiology, and immunohistochemistry was used to advance the novel concept that the pPVT-CeA pathway activation facilitates neuropathic pain processing. Using rabies virus (RV)-based and cell-type-specific retrograde transsynaptic tracing techniques, we found that glutamatergic neurons in the vlPAG were the target of the pPVT-CeA pathway. Thus, this study indicates the involvement of a pPVTGlu+-CeA-vlPAGGlu+pathway in a descending facilitatory mechanism underlying neuropathic pain.
Pediatric Mental Health Boarding
Authors: McEnany Fiona B. , Ojugbele Olutosin , Doherty Julie R. , McLaren Jennifer L. , Leyenaar JoAnna K. 
Published: September 2020

CONTEXT:The growing prevalence of pediatric mental and behavioral health disorders, coupled with scarce psychiatric resources, has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of youth waiting in emergency departments (EDs) and medical units for inpatient psychiatric care.OBJECTIVE:To characterize the prevalence of pediatric mental health boarding and identify associated patient and hospital factors.DATA SOURCES:Medline and PsycINFO.STUDY SELECTION:All studies describing frequencies, durations, processes, outcomes, and/or risk factors associated with pediatric mental health boarding in youth ≤21 years of age.DATA EXTRACTION:Publications meeting inclusion criteria were charted by 2 authors and critically appraised for quality.RESULTS:Eleven studies met inclusion criteria; 10 were retrospective cohort studies and 9 were conducted at single centers. All of the single-center studies were conducted at children’s hospitals or pediatric EDs in urban or suburban settings. Study sample sizes ranged from 27 to 44 328. Among youth requiring inpatient psychiatric care, 23% to 58% experienced boarding and 26% to 49% boarded on inpatient medical units. Average boarding durations ranged from 5 to 41 hours in EDs and 2 to 3 days in inpatient units. Risk factors included younger age, suicidal or homicidal ideation, and presentation to a hospital during nonsummer months. Care processes and outcomes were infrequently described. When reported, provision of psychosocial services varied widely.LIMITATIONS:Boarding definitions were heterogeneous, study sample sizes were small, and rural regions and general hospitals were underrepresented.CONCLUSIONS:Pediatric mental health boarding is prevalent and understudied. Additional research representing diverse hospital types and geographic regions is needed to inform clinical interventions and health care policy.
Ensuring the psychedelic renaissance and radical healing reach the Black community: Commentary on Culture and Psychedelic Psychotherapy
Authors: Buchanan Nicole T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSimilar to much of the mental health field, psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy has failed to center the needs of people of color. Monnica Williams and colleagues demonstrate the harm faced by Black women and other people of color when working with psychedelic-assisted psychotherapists that are unaware of and ill-equipped to address sensitive topics related to race. Here I discuss the benefits and limitations of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy training for therapists that have not engaged in deep and reflective processes to understand their personal engagement in racism, privilege, and oppression. I call on leaders in the field of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy to adhere to a new standard of intersectional cultural humility for anyone preparing to provide these services. Finally, I highlight the need to significantly increase the number of therapists of color trained to offer psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy to begin to address racial disparities to access to these radical treatments for trauma.
Köprülerin Yapısal Analizinde Hareketli Yük Dağıtma Katsayıları Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÜLKER PEKER Fatma , İNCE Ragıp 
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada
AASHTO-LRFD Köprü Şartnamesinde uygulama ve hesap özellikleri verilen hareketli
yük dağıtma katsayılarının (LLDF) köprülerin analizinde kullanılması
araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, üç açıklıklı 30-30-30 m ve 33-50-38 m köprülerin
LLDF hesaplamaları AASHTO Şartnamesine göre yapılmıştır. Bu köprüler yaklaşık
analiz yöntemi olan Çizgisel-Kiriş yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir ve hesaplanan
LLDF katsayıları analizde kullanılmıştır. 30-30-30 m köprünün SAP2000
programıyla ve 33-50-38 m köprünün CSiBridge programıyla analizi yapılmıştır.
Bu programlarla yapılan analizde LLDF katsayıları program tarafından otomatik
olarak hesaplamalara katılmaktadır.
Yapılan çalışma sonucunda Çizgisel-Kiriş yöntemiyle analizden elde
edilen sonuçların, hassas ve kesin analiz yapan SAP2000 ve CSiBridge
programlarıyla elde edilen sonuçlara çok yakın olduğu görülmüştür. Böylece, AASHTO
Tasarım Şartnamesi’ne göre LLDF hesaplamalarının yapısal analizde kullanımının
doğruluğu ve uygunluğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Delayed onset of breastfeeding: what is stopping us?
Authors: Gadhavi Ketan , Deo Ruta 
Published: September 2020

Background: Breastfeeding is the best meal for a new born child. Various initiatives are in place for early initiation of breastfeeding. The effectiveness of these interventions is put to question when a large number of neonates fail to receive breast milk soon after birth. This study analyses the parameters likely to affect the time of onset of breastfeeding and evaluate the scope for interventions. It is important to assess the factors affecting initiation of breastfeeding, determine the relationship of these factors with the time of initiation and to analyse if counselling by health care workers has any benefit on outcome.Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional observational study in 200 lactating mothers from a pre-designed questionnaire. Main outcome measure- early onset (<1 hour of birth) of breastfeeding.Results: Only 55% neonates included in this study were breastfed within the first 30 minutes. Positive influence for early initiation of breastfeeding was found with non primi mothers aged more than 26 years, with secondary or higher education, who had vaginal birth with institutional delivery. Early oral intake of mother with professional women living in joint family started early breastfeeding. Use of pre lacteal feeds delayed the onset of breastfeeding. Infants fed earlier were males, weight >2.2 kg. Women counselled by health care workers fed their babies earlier. Conclusions: This study surmises that pre lacteal feeds should be discouraged and active health care workers’ participation should be encouraged for early breastfeeding. Breastfeeding should be initiated as soon as possible for healthy neonatal outcome.
Occupational and environmental health hazards in Brick Kilns
Authors: Saha Mrinal Kanti , Ahmed Syed Jamal , Sheikh Mohammad Abu Hanif , Mostafa Md Golam 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Industrial safety and a healthy environment reduce the ill- nesses, injuries, and accidental incidents of the workers as well as property damages. The study aimed to identify the health risk issues and assess their impacts on labors around the brick kiln areas in Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: The study conducted a survey based on a structured questionnaire to collect health-related compliance from the brick kiln work- ers. It also selected 12 brick kiln clusters in Rajshahi and Gazipur districts, and several samplings were made. The analyzed data were compared with the prescribed national and international standards.
Results: The survey results showed that the respondents were suffering from different diseases like respiratory and skin diseases, eye irritation, fatigue, hearing problem, headache, etc., due to the occupational hazard in the kiln areas. The study results illustrated that the particulate matter pollutants, in- cluding PM2.5, PM10, and SPM were found higher than the permissible stan-dard that caused asthmatic disease. Most of the physicochemical parameters for surface water analysis exceeded the permissible standard indicating water pollution occurred around the kiln areas. The sound level was found higher than the acceptable level of Department of Environment, Bangladesh (DoE) standard 75 dB.
Conclusion: The study observed that brick kiln emitted gases caused huge pollution in the areas threatened the human health and the crusher machine created the high intensity of noise resulted in significant adverse health im- pacts of the brick kiln labor. However, most of the labors were not well aware of occupational safety and hazards, and health-related compliances in the kiln areas.
EFEITO DA APLICAÇÃO DA CINZA DA CASCA DE ARROZ SOBRE ATRIBUTOS DE SOLO SOB PASTAGEM
Authors: Martins Filho Milton Carlos Fabrica , Hanke Daniel , Nascimento Shirley Grazieli Da Silva , Ávila Mariana Rockenbach de , Manriquez Daniel Ernesto Trujillo 
Published: September 2020

A aplicação de materiais carbonizados em solos pode resultar em melhoria de seus atributos químicos, físicos e físico-químicos. Entretanto, trabalhos que foquem sobre o efeito da aplicação da cinza da casca de arroz em solos ainda são escassos na literatura. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação da cinza de casca de arroz sobre os atributos químicos, físicos, e físico-químicos do solo. Foram coletadas amostras de solo (Luvissolo) sob pastagem em Dom Pedrito, RS. A amostragem foi feita em topossequência nas seguintes condições: i) pastagem com aplicação de cinza da casca de arroz (4,8 Mg ha-1) e; ii) pastagem sem aplicação de cinza. Posteriormente, foram determinados atributos químicos, físicos e físico-químicos de solo. Através dos resultados, averiguou-se que o uso da cinza no solo tem a capacidade de diminuir a acidez, aumentar a disponibilidade de nutrientes e melhora as condições estruturais dos perfis de solo analisados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Resíduos Industriais, Fertilidade do Solo, Matéria orgânica do solo, Acidez do solo.
Calidad de la amistad en niños de 8 a 10 años de una institución pública
Authors: Argumedo Bustinza Doris , Albornoz Álvarez Carla 
Published: September 2020

El estudio evalúa las relaciones de amistad en niños institucionalizados en términos de su calidad y reciprocidad. Los participantes fueron 33 niños institucionalizados de ambos sexos entre 8 y 10 años. El grupo control estuvo constituido por 41 niños no institucionalizados con características similares. Se encontró que los niños institucionalizados establecen menos amistades recíprocas que los niños no institucionalizados y que en estas relaciones se brindan más apoyo y comparten sus experiencias íntimas de modo más intenso. Igualmente, la calidad de las amistades no recíprocas de este grupo es casi equivalente a la de las amistades recíprocas y no recíprocas del grupo no institucionalizado. Esto indicaría que la mayoría de niños institucionalizados establece en general amistades con calidad similar a las de otros niños del mismo grupo de edad.
Hacia estudios del comportamiento organizacional con mayor pertinencia local
Authors: Smith Peter B. 
Published: September 2020

Las teorías del comportamiento organizacional se han originado principalmente en América del Norte. Al probar su aplicabilidad en otras regiones culturales, debe prestarse atención a las diferencias en los ambientes y en los valores de los empleados locales. Dentro de Latinoamérica, la prevalencia de altos niveles de colectivismo y distancia al poder es particularmente importante. En ese sentido, se ha demostrado que el apego de los empleados hacia su organización difiere dentro de las culturas colectivistas. El argumento se ilustra por dos estudios latinoamericanos. En el primero, se compara la forma en que los gerentes manejan los eventos laborales dentro de México, Colombia, Brasil, Chile y Argentina. En el segundo, se examinan los problemas laborales transnacionales de los empleados de estos países. Los resultados enfatizan la necesidad de utilizar medidas que capturen aspectos localmente importantes.
Proceso de construcción colaborativa a través del chat según el tipo de tarea
Authors: Roselli Néstor 
Published: September 2020

El objetivo fue caracterizar la interacción colaborativa de díadas, a través del chat, en seis tareas cognitivas: resolver un problema lógico, elaborar una historia, leer una tabla de datos, ordenar jerárquicamente opiniones, brindar una explicación científica de un hecho fáctico e interpretar un texto literario. La hipótesis central era que el tipo de tarea implica distintos tipos de intercambio colaborativo. Se examinaron 11 díadas de estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados muestran diferencias muy significativas entre las seis tareas en lo que hace al patrón sociocognitivo, sobre todo entre las tareas lógico-inteligentes y las tareas abiertas o interpretativas. Finalmente, hay diferencias muy notorias en la evaluación metacognitiva que hacen los participantes del grado de dificultad e interés de cada tarea.
Optimalisasi Pembelajaran Keterampilan Menyimak Berita di SMPI Nurul Yaqin Bujur Timur Batu Marmar Pamekasan
Authors: Toyyibah Toyyibah , Ayuanita Kristanti 
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan optimalisasi pembelajaran keterampilan menyimak berita di SMPI Nurul Yaqin Bujur Timur Batu Marmar Pamekasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah fenomenologis. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik reduksi data, model, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) cara mengoptimalisasi keterampilan menyimak berita meliputi (a) memberikan latihan setiap satu minggu dua kali dengan memberikan tugas pekerjaan rumah, (b) memakai audio visual, (c) menyuruh siswa untuk membaca bahan simakan ke depan, dan (d) memberikan pendekatan individual terhadap peserta didik yang memiliki pola menyimak yang berbeda, (2) problematika optimalisasi pembelajaran keterampilan menyimak berita meliputi (a) kehilangan konsentrasi, (b) keterbatasan media, (c) ruang kelas yang sempit, (d) faktor lingkungan, (e) keterbatasan IQ, (f) pembicara kurang menarik dan bahan ajar yang masih minim, dan (g) faktor fisik, serta (3) solusi dari problematika keterampilan menyimak berita meliputi (a) memaksimalkan bahan ajar, (b) memperbanyak praktik, seperti menyimak berita dan memberi tugas, (c) menyediakan media yang menarik atau bahan simakan yang menarik, dan (d) mempersiapkan penguasaan materi, media dan metode.
PENERAPAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE JIGSAW PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS VII DI MTS SUNAN KALIJAGA LARANGAN LUAR PAMEKASAN
Authors: Subhan Moh , Ghofur Abd. 
Published: September 2020

Peneltian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya ketertarikan menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang tidak membosankan dan membuat siswa lebih memahami dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, diantaranya menggunakan penerapan Cooperative Learning tipe Jigsaw. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka ada tiga fokus penelitian, yaitu:pertama, penerapan Cooperative Learning Tipe Jigsaw; kedua, kelebihan dari penerapan Cooperative learning tipe Jigsaw; dan ketiga, kendala yang dihadapi dari penerapan Cooperative Learning tipe Jigsawpada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia kelas VII di MTs Sunan Kalijaga Larangan Luar Pamekasan.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, sedangkan sumber datanya yaitu guru bahasa Indonesia dan siswa. Dalam pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan melalui perpanjang keikutsertaan, ketekunan pengamatan, dan triangulasi. Dengan menggunakan metode ini menunjukkan siswa lebih aktif dan antusias untuk berdiskusi dalam pelajaran.
Animal-Assisted Therapy in Palliative Care
Authors: Quintal Vanessa , Reis-Pina Paulo 
Published: September 2020

There are still many cases where traditional medical care does not provide a realistic solution for patients with devastating diseases so other interventions should be adopted. We present a case report of a 76 year-old woman admitted to a Palliative Care unit due to stage IV colon adenocarcinoma, and we describe the contribution of a six-year-old Yorkshire terrier in her symptom management. Animal-assisted therapy can be of great use in palliative care, contributing to the patients’ pain management, relief from suffering and improvement of quality of life.
Continental-slope instability triggered by seepage: An experimental approach
Authors: Boffo Carolina H. , de Oliveira Tiago A. , da Silva Daniel Bayer , Manica Rafael , Borges Ana Luiza de O. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Mass-transport complexes (MTCs), mass-transport deposits (MTDs), and associated facies and features are widely recognized in continental slopes around the world. In most current stratigraphic models of MTCs and MTDs, these submarine sediment failures are related to aquifer outflow (sapping, seepage) along continental slope fronts that originated during relative sea-level fall. We test a hypothetical scenario that is favored during early forced regression using reduced-scale physical simulation. A major underground subaerial hydraulic gradient is assumed to flow towards the basin depocenter as a function of relative sea-level fall. We developed an experimental apparatus with slope angles varying between 15 and 30° to test this concept. Hydraulic gradients, aquifer outflow velocities, and triggered collapses induced by the seepage effect were recorded at various positions of the slope. Analysis shows that steeper slope gradients require lower seepage velocities (and shear stresses) to trigger collapse, but gentler slopes remain unchanged. Experimental data are compatible with a seepage effect that could potentially trigger mass failure and the formation of MTCs during relative sea-level fall. The features produced in the experiment have geometries comparable to natural environments, and the experimental seepage velocities are of an order of magnitude similar to those monitored in submarine aquifers. The experimental results advance understanding of mass transport in continental slopes by introducing and testing new methods, and also provide new insights into potential submarine geohazard risks where tectonic uplift operates along some coastal regions.
Determination of Flow Characteristics in Technological Processes with Controlled Pressure
Authors: Reader T. , Tenenev V. A. , Chernova A. A. 
Published: September 2020

Assessment of the environmental and economic performance of a safety valve requires information about the flow of the substance through the valve when it is actuated. The goal of this paper was to determine the flow rate of the discharged substance and the mass flow rate of the substance entering the safety valve when it is actuated.Proposed a mathematical model to describe the processes occurring in the valve. The model includes a system of differential equations describing the physical laws of conservation in the internal volume of the valve and differential equations, which link the value of gas flow through the valve with the pressure and the amount of movement of the shut-off disk. Used a modified method by S.K. Godunov to solve gasdynamic equations.Established that the determination of the flow and power characteristics of the valve requires the preliminary construction of a mathematical model of the safety valve operation. Based on this, proposed a method for determining the flow rate of the discharged substance and the mass rate of the substance entering the safety valve when it is actuated.Obtained the flow characteristics of the valves under review and the dynamics of movement of the shutoff disc of the valve, as well as the dependence of the pressure change on the opening time of the valve. Comparison of the calculated values with available experimental data gives good agreement of results (no more than 5.6 % for a gas flow rate, under 10 % for the movement of the valve and change the arrival of gas in time using the standard deviation function of the flow characteristics of 0.6 %), confirms the correctness of the defined mathematical model, used numerical schemes and algorithms, as well as the proposed method and recoverability of the arrival of gas in a pressure–time curve.