bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal trends in the use of psychotropic medications in a Spanish pediatric population
Authors: Palanca-Maresca Inmaculada , Ruiz-Antorán Belén , Sol Pablo del , Centeno-Soto Gustavo Adolfo , Murillo Lourdes García , Forti-Buratti María Azul Forti-Buratti María Azul , Lopez Arantxa Sancho , Javaloyes Laura , Izquierdo Angela , Hertzmann Luz María Solari , Avendaño-Solá Cristina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: An increase in prescription of psychotropic medications in children and adolescents has been reported in some countries. We report the evolution in a Health Area in Spain in the period 2013-2017. To describe psychopharmacologic prescriptions and the users’ profile in a paediatric population attending a Mental Health Care Service and its evolution between 2013-2017. Methods: An observational, longitudinal study was conducted. All Electronic Medical Records of the paediatric population (0-18 years) attending our Mental Health Area during this period were included. Each year is treated as a specific cohort including all patients attended during that year in order to perform a trend analysis over the 5 years period. Demographic data, psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic prescription were collected for all patients attended. Results: A total of 4,228 individual patients were included with a mean of 1.011 individual patients in each year cohort. The rate of ADHD patient receiving pharmacological treatment increased up to 85.1% in 2017. The use of antidepressants increased, along with its use in disorders other than depression such as ADHD. Antipsychotics use increases in patients with diagnosis such as depression or eating disorders. The rate of patients receiving more than one type of psychotropics (20%) shows a significant increasing trend during years 2013-2017. Conclusions: In our sample, psychotropic prescriptions is high and shows a significant increasing trend in the period 2013-2017.There is a strong need to improve our scientific knowledge about the effectiveness and long term safety of the use of psychotropics in children and adolescents.
Season, Weather, Arthritis, Dermatitis, and Cardiovascular Abnormalities – Systemic Diseases Caused by Foot Fungal Infection and Its Secreted Proteins, Case Report
Authors: ZHU CHARLES XIAOXIANG 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The cause of many rheumatic diseases is still unknown. Some Infections might play a role, but the causative evidence is far from definitive. In this arthritic case, an association between a chronic foot fungal infection with Aspergillus sydowii (Aspsy) and arthritis was initially suggested when the treatment of foot hyperkeratosis-like lesions (Xiangya lesions) provoked multiple joints arthritis symptoms. In order to find the association of fungal infection and arthritis, data from scrupulous observations of plantar lesions, arthritic symptoms, and weather features in events of the fungal infection relapses, foot lesion manipulation, or subcutaneous injection of fungal secreted proteins were gathered and analyzed in three years. Case presentation Of the patient, relapses of the fungal infections on Xiangya lesions often occurred after rainy and humid days in winter and spring. Significant relapses of the infection aggravated the symptoms of arthritis within a few days, and the symptoms gradually improved in 2-3 weeks after the remission of fungal infection by topical antifungal treatment. Also, repeated trimming/debriding Xiangya lesion or subcutaneous injection of fungal secreted proteins also induced the arthritis symptoms similar to those of foot fungal infections. Arthritis Dermatitis, bradycardia, hypertension, and elevated blood monocytes were concurrent abnormalities. Topical methotrexate on the fresh trimmed plantar lesions was able to prevent and relieve arthritis. Conclusions Active fungal infections on plantar Xiangya lesions were associated with cold and humid weather in winter-spring or partial lesion debridement. The active fungal infections induced and exacerbated arthritis, dermatitis, and cardiovascular abnormalities. Fungal secreted proteins may mediate the fungal pathogenicity. Effective treatments of the fungal infection improved arthritis and dermatitis. These pathological characteristics have not been described before and could be a new disease, or one of the unknown pathogenic mechanisms for some known rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. The results of this research may provide an insight into a novel pathogenic mechanism for some chronic arthritis and may shed light on further clinical studies on the pathogenesis and environmental factors of some rheumatic diseases. Keywords: Arthritis of fungal protein, Aspergillus skin infection, rheumatic diseases pathogenesis, methotrexate, case report
Association of MC4R (rs17782313) with diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Korean men and women
Authors: Sull Jae Woong , Sull Jae Woong , Kim Gitae , Jee Sun Ha 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Diabetes is mostly assessed by the fasting glucose level. Several studies reported that serum fasting glucose levels are causally associated with MC4R. Methods A total of 4,294 subjects participated in this study. We used multivariate linear regression models and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Individuals with the TC/CC genotype had a 1.29-fold higher risk of diabetes than did those with the TT genotype when adjusting for age, sex, and BMI (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04-1.60). For healthy subjects, the association was significant in females (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.01-3.93). Male participants with the TC/CC genotype had a 1.21-fold higher risk of cardiovascular disease than did those with the TT genotype when adjusting for age, sex, and BMI (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.41). The relationship between MC4R and cardiovascular disease was stronger in lean male individuals (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12–1.74, p = 0.0028) than in obese male subjects. Conclusions This study suggests that the rs17782313 SNP in MC4R is related to diabetes and the SNP is also associated with cardiovascular disease in lean male individuals.
A special cranial nucleus (CSF-contacting nucleus) in primates
Authors: Song Si-Yuan , Li Ying , Zhai Xiao-Meng , Lu Lei-Lei , Li Yue-Hao , Bao Cheng-Yi , Shan Cheng-Jing , Hong Jia , Cao Jun-Li , Zhang Li-Cai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: In higher-order animal brains, twelve pairs of cranial nuclei are known, each performing specific functions. Past 30 years of our studies on rat brain reveal that there is a unique nucleus (CSF-contacting nucleus) in the brain. The extraordinary feature of this unique nucleus is that it is not connected to any substantial organ but to the CSF. The identification of this special nucleus will provide the structural basis for information transmission and functional modulation between the neurons and the body fluids. Methods: The present study is based on the past 30 years of our relevant achievements. In this study, we used the primate rhesus monkeys as the model and injected the tracer CB-HRP into the CSF. After 48 h, the monkeys were perfused and the brain was dissected out, and sectioned for CB staining. The CB positive structures were observed under confocal and electron microscopy. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the CB positive neurons cluster was reconstructed by computer software. Results: Our results show that (1) CB labelling is confined within the ventricle, but not leakage into the brain parenchyma. (2) From the midbrain inferior colliculus superior border plane ventral to the aqueduct to the upper part of the fourth ventricle floor, a large number of CB positive neurons are consistently located, form a cluster, and are symmetrically located on both sides of the midline. (3) 3D reconstruction shows that the CB positive neurons cluster in the monkey brain occupies certain space. The rostral part is large and caudal part is thin appearing a “rivet”-like shape. (4) Under electron microscopy, the CB positive neurons show different types of synaptic connections with the non-CSF-contacting structures in the brain. Some of the processes stretch directly into the ventricle cavity. Conclusions: The CSF-contacting nucleus is existed objectively in primates. It is also regarded as the XIII pair of cranial nucleus (CSF-contacting nucleus), which is specialised in the communications between the nerve and the CSF. Our results are crucial for completing the neural structures and understanding the coordination of the entire body functions.
A Comparison of Initial D-Dimers Concentration Determined in a Group of Patients With Coxarthrosis or Gonarthrosis and in a Group With Femoral Bone Fracture
Authors: Kacprzak Lukasz , Bytniewski Piotr 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction D-dimers are products of fibrin being degraded by thrombin, factor XIIIa and plasmin. Their blood concentration is used in clinical diagnostics for venous thromboembolism (VTE) which involves deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Purpose Surgical operations within the femoral bone are one of the most often performed ones in orthopedic wards. In order to determine an impact of bone injury on the risk of occurrence of a thromboembolic disease we compared the preoperative concentration of D-dimers between a group of patients hospitalized due to femur fracture and a group of patients hospitalized due to coxarthrosis or gonarthrosis. Material and methods The study involved overall 404 patients, divided into two groups. The first group enrolled 283 patients who underwent elective surgery on the femoral bone: total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) due to osteoarthritis of large joints. The second group enrolled 121 patients who underwent surgery due to femoral fracture. All patients underwent a physical examination for an occurrence of varicose veins in lower limbs. No clinical features of venous thromboembolism were found in patients qualified for the study, based on examination of the venous system in lower limbs, which was supplemented by ultrasound examination. Preoperative blood concentrations of D-dimers were measured in all participants. Results In patients undergoing scheduled joint replacement surgery due to coxarthrosis or gonarthrosis D-dimers concentrations ranged between 122 and 7712 ng/mL, with a mean of 822.3 ng/mL (SD 811.2 ng/mL). It was markedly lower than these found in patients with femur fracture: they ranged from 23.6 to 48340 ng/mL, mean 8793.2 ng/mL (SD ± 10358.6 ng/mL). Conclusions It is suggested that elevated D-dimers levels observed in patients with femur fracture are not associated with an increased risk of occurrence of a thromboembolic disease.
Resveratrol can enhance osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis from human periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Moon Dong Kyu , Kim Bo Gyu , Lee A Ram , Choi Young-In , Jeon Ryoung-Hoon , Byun June-Ho , Hwang Sun-Chul , Woo Dong Kyun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that leads to low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone tissue and increases bone fractures. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound, has pleiotropic effects including anti-oxidative, anti-aging, and anti-cancer effects. Resveratrol also has roles in increasing osteogenesis and in up-regulating mitochondrial biogenesis of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). However, it is still unclear that resveratrol can enhance osteogenic differentiation or mitochondrial biogenesis of periosteum-derived MSCs (PO-MSCs), which play key roles in bone tissue maintenance and fracture healing. Thus, in order to test a possible preventive or therapeutic effect of resveratrol on osteoporosis, this study investigated effects of resveratrol treatments on osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis of PO-MSCs. Methods The optimal doses of resveratrol treatment on PO-MSCs were determined by cell proliferation and viability assays. Osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs under resveratrol treatment was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activities (an early biomarker of osteogenesis) as well as by extracellular calcium deposit levels (a late biomarker). Mitochondrial biogenesis during osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs was measured by quantifying both mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents. Results Resveratrol treatments above 10 µM seems to have negative effects on cell proliferation and viability of PO-MSCs. Resveratrol treatment (at 5 µM) on PO-MSCs during osteogenic differentiation increased both ALP activities and calcium deposits compared to untreated control groups, demonstrating an enhancing effect of resveratrol on osteogenesis. In addition, resveratrol treatment (at 5 µM) during osteogenic differnetiation of PO-MSCs increased both mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy numbers, indicating that resveratrol can bolster mitochondrial biogenesis in the process of PO-MSC osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion Taken together, this study describes roles of resveratrol in promoting osteogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis of human PO-MSCs suggesting a possible application of resveratrol as a supplement for osteoporosis and/or osteoporotic fractures.
A comparison of monoaxial and polyaxial pedicle screws in thoracolumbar fracture
Authors: Yao Wenye , Guo Runsheng , Lai Qi , Xie Banglin , Yi Zhi , Yang Xiaowei , Wu Changjian , Lang Yu , Zhang Bin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the use of short-segment posterior fixation with monoaxial and polyaxial pedicle screws in thoracolumbar fractures Methods: All patients who underwent short-segment posterior fixation with monoaxial pedicle screws or polyaxial pedicle screws in the injured vertebra of a thoracolumbar fracture (T12-L2) in our hospital between June 2012 and December 2018 were categorised into two groups: monoaxial pedicle screws group (group A) and polyaxial pedicle screws group (group B). We compared the Thoracolumbar Injury Severity Score (TLISS), American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score, the fracture level, Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification, hospital stay, injury-to-operation interval, and associated injuries between the two groups. In addition, the prevertebral height ratio, the injured vertebra Cobb angle, and the injured vertebral endplate centre ratio were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. Results: There were 63 patients (21 males and 42 females) with an average age of 44.7 years. Compared with group B, the injury vertebral endplate centre ratio significantly increased postoperatively and at the final follow-up (P<0.05) in group A. Conclusion: Short-segment posterior fixation with monoaxial or polyaxial pedicle screws via the fracture level for thoracolumbar fracture can achieve kyphosis correction, reduce sagittal alignment correction failure, and maintain anterior vertebral height. The insertion of monoaxial pedicle screws at the fracture level after thoracolumbar vertebral fracture has a flick up effect on the central vertebral body of the injured vertebrae, which is beneficial to the recovery of the vertebral endplate.
Activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in healthy women depends on age, BMI, physical activity and diet
Authors: Cecerska-Heryć Elżbieta , Krauze Klaudia , Szczęśniak Angelika , Mikołajczyk Aleksandra Goryniak , Serwin Natalia , Śleboda-Taront Daria , Jacek Roksana , Heryć Rafał , Dołęgowska Barbara 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Antioxidant enzymes protect the human body against the harmful effects of oxidative stress. The activity of antioxidant enzymes changes with age, and depends on dietary nutrients such as fats and vitamins, which can have a significant impact on minimizing or exacerbating oxidative stress. Aim Examine the effect of age, BMI, diet, physical activity and smoking status on the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione concentrations in healthy women. Material and methods This study included 98 healthy women aged between 20 and 65 years. All women underwent anthropometric tests: body weight, height, hip and waist circumference. Antioxidant activity in erythrocytes was measured by spectrophotometric methods. Results Catalase activity increased significantly with age (p<0.001), while superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione decreased with age (p =0.008, p =0.023, respectively). Women with a lower BMI (emaciation) had higher superoxide dismutase activity than those in the first degree of obesity (p = 0.009 Conclusions 1. Increased catalase activity with age may be a sign of a large amount of hydrogen peroxide, resulting from poorly functioning antioxidant systems in older age. 2. Decreased superoxide dismutase activity with age may indicate inactivation of this enzyme by excessive hydrogen peroxide, as well as glycation of superoxide dismutase molecules or reactions with lipid peroxidation products, the intensity of which increases with age. 3. The negative correlation between superoxide dismutase activity and BMI index indicates reduced enzymatic activity in obese subjects, despite increased ROS production by adipose tissue.
Obesity Knowledge, Perception and Dietary Behaviour among Nigerian Undergraduate Population
Authors: Olodu Monday , Muslim Ismail Olaide , Ojogbon Ololajulo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: A steadily increasing trend of obesity among young adults is becoming evident, and this could lead to an increased burden of chronic non-communicable diseases in adulthood. This study assessed the knowledge of undergraduates on obesity and its related conditions, their perception and dietary behaviour. Method: A total of 394 undergraduates of Obafemi Awolowo University were recruited using a multistage sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire which had four sections was used to collect data. Knowledge of obesity, perception and dietary behaviour was assessed with carefully chosen questions. Scores were computed with +1 for a correct response and 0 for an incorrect response. These scores were graded as good/positive or poor/negative using the mean or median score as the cut-offs. Chi-square test was done to assess the relationship between categorical variables. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Majority (64.0%) had poor knowledge of obesity and were mostly males (54.0%), and 58.4% had a positive perception of obesity and were mostly females (62.1%). Also, 57.6% had poor dietary behaviour and were mostly males (58.8%). A statistically significant relationship (X2= 10.546; p=0.001) was found between obesity knowledge and perception. There was no statistically significant relationship between obesity knowledge and dietary behaviour. Conclusion: Most of the undergraduates had poor knowledge of obesity and poor dietary behaviour. Therefore, the creation of healthy eating awareness and integration of nutrition education into all fields of study is vital to stemming the tide of the future obesity epidemic in our campus.
Latent-space embedding of expression data identifies gene signatures from sputum samples of asthmatic patients
Authors: LOU Shaoke , Li Tianxiao , Spakowicz Daniel , Yan Xiting , Chupp Geoffrey Lowell , Gerstein Mark 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: The pathogenesis of asthma is a complex process involving multiple genes and pathways. Identifying biomarkers from asthma datasets, especially those that include heterogeneous subpopulations, is challenging. In this work, we developed a framework that incorporates a denoising autoencoder and a supervised learning approach to identify gene signatures related to asthma severity. The autoencoder embeds high-dimensional gene expression data into a lower -dimensional latent space in an unsupervised fashion, enabling us to extract distinguishing features from gene expression data.
Results: Using the trained autoencoder model, we found that the weights on hidden units in the latent space correlate well with previously defined and clinically relevant clusters of patients. Moreover, pathway analysis based on each gene's contribution to the hidden units showed significant enrichment in known asthma-related pathways. We then used genes that contribute most to the hidden units to develop a secondary supervised classifier (based on random forest) for directly predicting asthma severity. The random-forest importance metric from this classifier identified a signature based on 50 key genes, which can predict severity with an AUROC of 0.81 and thus have potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Furthermore, the key genes could also be used for successfully estimating, via support-vector-machine regression, the FEV1/FVC ratios across patients, achieving pre- and post-treatment correlations of 0.56 and 0.65, respectively (between predicted and observed values).
Conclusions: The denoising autoencoder framework could extract meaningful functional genes and patient groups from the gene expression profile of asthma patients. These patterns may provide potential sources for biomarkers for asthma severity.
Palliative treatment of endometrial cancer type 1 in elderly women with Anastrozole.
Authors: Gardella Barbara , Dominoni Mattia , Bogliolo Stefano , Cassani Chiara , Carletti Giulia Vittoria , De Silvestri Annalisa , Spinillo Arsenio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Type I endometrial cancer is a common disease which takes place in female genital tract. The aim of the work is to asset the feasibility and safety of anastrozole in the palliative treatment of endometrial cancer in elderly women not eligible to standard surgical treatment. Methods: eight patients with histological diagnosis of endometrial cancer were enrolled in this pilot study. Anastrozole was administered 1 mg daily per os after performing an accurate radiological mapping of the lesion. A questionnaire evaluated the quality of life of these patients. Results: the median age was 85 (range 80-88years). The endometrial cancer was confined to the uterus in all patients. No progression of disease was observed. A partial response to the therapy was reported in seven patients, while no response was reported in one patient. A decrease in the symptoms such as pain, vaginal bleeding and vaginal discomfort was reported, as well as no progression of disease. The endometrial thickness after twelve months has showed a reduction of 9.25 ± 4.77 mm. The average rate of follow-up was 18.25 months. Four women died for other reasons, none of them related to endometrial cancer. Evaluation of symptoms showed a significant reduction of appetite loss and insomnia, while a significant increase of global health status and fatigue was reported. Conclusion: our preliminary data reported that the palliative use of anastrozole may be a suitable therapy for a good control of early stages of endometrial cancer in inoperable elderly women, having a good compliance and tolerance.