bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fee‐for‐service payment is not the (main) problem
Authors: Dowd Bryan E. , Laugesen Miriam J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the effect of physician payment incentives on the allocation of health care resources.Data Sources/Study SettingReview and analysis of the literature on physician payment incentives.Study DesignAnalysis of current physician payment incentives and several ways to modify those incentives to encourage increased efficiency.Principal FindingsFee‐for‐service payments can be incorporated into systems that encourage efficient pricing – prices that are close to the provider's marginal cost – by giving consumers information on provider‐specific prices and a strong incentive to choose lower cost providers. However, efficient pricing of services ultimately will need to be supplemented by incentives for efficient production of health and functional status.ConclusionsThe problem with current FFS payment is not paying a fee for each service, per se, but the way in which the fees are determined.
The cumulative impact of health insurance on health status
Authors: Barker Abigail R. , Li Linda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo add to the evidence base on causal linkages between health insurance coverage and health status, controlling for sociodemographic factors, by analyzing longitudinal data.Data SourceSecondary data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 2009‐17, which is a longitudinal, multigenerational study covering a wide array of socioeconomic topics that began in 1968 but has only recently begun collecting useful information on individual health insurance.Study Design2017 data on self‐reported health status, work limitations, and death were analyzed as outcomes based upon the degree of exposure to health insurance in 2011‐17. All variables were collected biannually for four years beginning in 2011. Having health insurance at each point in time was, in turn, modeled as a function of several sociodemographic factors.Data Extraction MethodsData were downloaded using the crosswalk tool available at the PSID website. Because individual health insurance questions were only asked of heads and spouses in households beginning in 2011, we analyzed only these records.Principal FindingsAmong respondents who were not in fair or poor health in 2009, each additional 2 years of subsequent reported insurance coverage reduced the chance of reporting fair or poor health in 2017 by 10 percent; however, this effect was not present for black respondents.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the effect of health insurance on health status may compound over time, although unevenly by race. Since people who report fair or poor health status represent the bulk of utilization and spending, our findings provide evidence in support of viewing coverage expansions as investments that will pay dividends in the form of lower utilization over time. More work is needed to produce detailed estimates of cost savings, which may in turn influence policy, as well as to understand and address the source of racial disparity.
Development of two continuous hemocyte cell sublines in the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis and the identification of molecular markers for hemocytes
Authors: Hu Jian , Du Yan , Meng Meng , Dong Yipei , Peng Jiewen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGranulocytes and plasmatocytes play important roles in clearing foreign objects in insects, but it is difficult to distinguish between them in immune reactions. Based on the hemocyte cell line SYSU‐OfHe‐C established at our lab, two cell sublines, SYSU‐OfHe‐C Granulocyte (Gr cells) and SYSU‐OfHe‐C Plasmatocyte (Pl cells), which possess the morphological characteristics of granulocytes and plasmatocytes, respectively, were established. Gr and Pl cells showed different behaviors in immune reactions, such as spreading, phagocytosis and encapsulation. Pl cells were easier to spread, but Gr cells tended to undergo aggregation, indicating that they may take different strategies to clear foreign objects. These results also suggested that granulocytes and plasmatocytes may express some different proteins. By comparing the gene expression in cells from the two sublines, 1662 differentially expressed genes were identified, and 13 out of 30 transmembrane proteins highly expressed in Pl cells (six) or Gr cells (seven) were further screened and confirmed by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, three transmembrane genes specifically expressed in Pl cells and two transmembrane genes specifically expressed in Gr cells were screened out based on their expressions in immune reactions by quantitative PCR analysis. These genes may potentially be used as molecular markers to distinguish between granulocytes and plasmatocytes in Ostrinia furnacalis, and further to clarify the functions of immune hemocytes in cellular immune reaction such as encapsulation and so on.
Multicenter prospective study to validate a new transient elastography device for staging liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Duan Wei Jia , Wang Xiao Zhong , Ma An Lin , Shang Jia , Nan Yue Min , Gao Zhi Liang , Tang Hong , Fu Qing Chun , Xie Qing , Mao Qing , Niu Jun Qi , Han Tao , Li Jun , Han Ying , Cao Jian Biao , Kong Yuan Yuan , Shi Xiao Yan , Lv Fu Dong , Wang Tai Ling , Ma Hong , You Hong , Ou Xiao Juan , Jia Ji Dong 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo validate the operational and diagnostic performances of a new device for transient elastography (TE), FibroTouch, for liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).MethodsIn this prospective multicenter study, adult patients with CHB and valid liver pathological results were recruited to validate the operational and diagnostic performance of a TE device by FibroTouch for staging liver fibrosis.ResultsIn total, 517 patients with histologically proven CHB were enrolled. All had achieved at least 10 successful liver stiffness measurements (LSM), resulting in a success rate of 99.1% and reliable evaluations of 95.2%. Altogether 412 patients were included to analyze the diagnostic performance of FibroTouch. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the LSM was 0.846 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.808‐0.880) for fibrosis stage ≥ F1, 0.850 (95% CI 0.811‐0.883) for ≥ F2, 0.908 (95% CI 0.876‐0.934) for ≥ F3 and 0.874 (95% CI 0.836‐0.903) for F4. The diagnostic accuracy of LSM was superior to that of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase‐to‐platelet ratio (GPR), aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI), or fibrosis index based on 4 factors (FIB‐4) index in staging fibrosis F2‐F4 (P = 0.007 to < 0.0001). Optimal LSM cut‐off values for diagnosing fibrosis stage ≥ F1, ≥ F2, ≥ F3, and F4 were 5.5 kPa, 7.85 kPa, 10.0 kPa, and 12.7 kPa, respectively.ConclusionFibroTouch has a high success rate and good reliability in staging liver fibrosis in patients with CHB.
Parallel comparison and combining effect of radiomic and emerging genomic data for prognostic stratification of non‐small cell lung carcinoma patients
Authors: Kim Ki Hwan , Kim Jinho , Park Hyunjin , Kim Hankyul , Lee Seung‐hak , Sohn Insuk , Lee Ho Yun , Park Woong‐Yang 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundA single institution retrospective analysis of 124 non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients was performed to identify whether disease‐free survival (DFS) achieves incremental values when radiomic and genomic data are combined with clinical information.MethodsUsing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression method, radiomic and genetic features were reduced in number for selection of the most useful prognostic feature. We created four models using only baseline clinical data, clinical data with selected genetic features, clinical data with selected radiomic features, and clinical data with selected genetic and radiomic features together. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to determine predictors of DFS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) calculation was made to compare the discriminative performance for DFS prediction by four constructed models at the five‐year time point.ResultsOn precontrast scan, improved discrimination performance was obtained in a merging of selected radiomics and genetics (AUC = 0.8638), compared with clinical data only (AUC = 0.7990), selected genetic features (AUC = 0.8497), and selected radiomic features (AUC = 0.8355). On post‐contrast scan, discrimination performance was improved (AUC = 0.8672) compared with the clinical variables (AUC = 0.7913), and selected genetic features (AUC = 0.8376) and selected radiomic features (AUC = 0.8399) were considered.ConclusionsThe combination of selected radiomic and genomic features improved stratification of NSCLC patients upon survival. Thus, integrating clinicopathologic model with radiomic and genomic features may lead to improved prognostic accuracy compared to conventional clinicopathological data alone.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyReceiver operating characteristic (ROC) calculation was made to compare the discriminative performance for disease‐free survival (DFS). The discriminative performance for DFS was better when combining radiomic and genetic features compared to clinical data only, selected genetic features, and selected radiomic features.What this study addsThe combination of selected radiomic and genomic features improved stratification of NSCLC patients upon survival. Thus, integrating a clinicopathological model with radiomic and genomic features may lead to improved prognostic accuracy compared to conventional clinicopathological data alone.
Subtypes of Alcohol Dependence and 36‐Year Mortality
Authors: Hesselbrock Michie N. , Hesselbrock Victor M. , Chan Grace , Del Boca Frances , Chartier Karen 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundChronic, heavy alcohol use is associated with multiple health problems, including premature death. Further, the clinical presentation of alcohol dependence may differentially affect and predict the long‐term health consequences of affected individuals. Subtypes of alcohol dependence based upon treatment intake information can help identify homogenous groups of patients for treatment purposes, but have not been used to predict long‐term outcomes. The current study examined mortality in a 36‐year posttreatment interval among 4 subtypes of alcohol‐dependent patients based upon their initial intake data.MethodsExtensive baseline data were collected from n = 316 male and female patients receiving inpatient treatment for alcohol dependence between 1980 and 1982. Four alcohol dependent subtypes (Del Boca & Hesselbrock, Alcohol Health Res World, 20:56, 1996) derived from the baseline data were used to examine the 1‐year posttreatment drinking status and the risk of death 36 years postdischarge. Public records were used to determine patient deaths in the 36 years since discharge.ResultsAt the 36‐year follow‐up interval since discharge, 68.4% of the sample had died. The 4 subtypes were found to be associated with different rates of resumption of regular drinking in the first year posttreatment and a differential risk of mortality. An increased risk for returning to regular drinking (once a week or more) and early death were associated with subtypes defined, in part, by conduct problems and externalizing disorders. Regardless of subtype membership, women had the highest risk of death following treatment.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the clinical usefulness of subtypes of alcohol dependence for examining different alcohol use outcomes, including predicting mortality. The increased risks for returning to regular drinking once a week or more and early death posttreatment among subtypes associated with conduct problems and externalizing disorders suggest the need for continued monitoring and possible additional intervention postdischarge.
Patients from residential aged care with hip fractures—Does discharge destination from acute care affect outcomes?
Authors: Anderson Lara , Moran Chris , Liew Susan , Kimmel Lara A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the demographics of patients from residential aged care facilities (RACFs) who underwent fixation of hip fracture and to compare 12‐month functional and mortality outcomes for those returning to their RACF with those admitted to a subacute facility (SAF) following their acute hospital stay.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken of all patients from a RACF with high‐level care needs admitted to Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, for fixation of hip fracture in 2014‐2015. Data including demographic and hospital event details, length of stay (LOS), discharge destination and 12‐month functional outcomes measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale‐Extended (GOS‐E), were collected. Factors related to discharge destination and outcomes were analysed.ResultsNinety patients from a RACF were included in this study, with 68 patients (76%) returning to their RACF and 22 (24%) admitted to a SAF after acute hospital stay. Those discharged to a SAF had an average LOS at this facility of 20.79 days (SD 8.02). The SAF group also had a longer acute LOS (7 days IQR 5‐10, compared to 6 days IQR 4‐7.5) but there was no difference between groups at 12 months in terms of mortality or function, with 50% of all patients deceased at this time point (n = 40) and the remaining 40 patients (50%) reporting a poor functional outcome.ConclusionsMobility status during acute and subacute stay, and 12‐month functional and mortality outcomes were similar in both groups irrespective of discharge destination, with the influence of cognition and concomitant medical issues currently unknown. Further research is required to evaluate the efficacy of current hip fracture models of care, the factors that influence clinician discharge planning decision‐making and to interrogate new models of care that support rehabilitation and complex medical management in RACFs.
Phase I trial on robot assisted retinal vein cannulation with ocriplasmin infusion for central retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Willekens Koen , Gijbels Andy , Smits Jonas , Schoevaerdts Laurent , Blanckaert Johan , Feyen Jean H. M. , Reynaerts Dominiek , Stalmans Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the safety and feasibility of robot‐assisted retinal vein cannulation with Ocriplasmin infusion for central retinal vein occlusion.MethodsProspective phase I trial including four patients suffering from central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Diagnosis was confirmed by preoperative fluo‐angiography and followed by a standard three‐port pars plana vitrectomy. Afterwards, a custom‐built microneedle was inserted into a branch retinal vein with robotic assistance and infusion of Ocriplasmin started. Primary outcomes were the occurrence of intra‐operative complications and success of cannulation. Secondary outcomes were change in visual acuity, central macular thickness (CMT) and venous filling times (VFT) during fluo‐angiography two weeks after the intervention.ResultsCannulation with infusion of ocriplasmin was successful in all four eyes with a mean total infusion time of 355 ± 204 seconds (range 120–600 seconds). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) remained counting fingers (CF) in case 3 and 4, increased in case 1 from CF to 0.9LogMAR and decreased in case 2 from 0.4 to 1.3 LogMAR. CMT and VFT both showed a trend towards significant decrease comparing preoperative measurements with two weeks postintervention (1061 ± 541 μm versus 477 ± 376 μm, p = 0.068) and 24 ll 4 seconds versus 15 ± 1 seconds, p = 0.068, respectively). In one eye a needle tip broke and could be removed with an endoforceps. There were no other intervention‐related complications.ConclusionRobot‐assisted retinal vein cannulation is feasible and safe. Local intravenous infusion with Ocriplasmin led to an improved retinal circulation.
Increase in treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in the Netherlands from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Trzcionkowska Kasia , Vehmeijer Wouter B.H.J. , Kerkhoff Frank T. , Bauer Noel J.C. , Bennebroek Carlien A.M. , Dijk Peter H. , Dijkman Koen P. , van den Dungen Frank A.M. , Eggink Cathrien A. , Feenstra Robert P.G. , Groenendaal Floris , van Heijst Arno F. , van der Hoeven Mark A.H.B.M. , Kornelisse Rene F. , Kraal‐Biezen Elke , Lopriore Enrico , Onland Wes , Renardel de Lavalette Victor W. , van Rijn Laurentius J. , Schuerman Frank A.B.A. , Simonsz Huibert J. , Voskuil‐Kerkhof Elsbeth S.M. , Witlox Ruben S.G.M. , Termote Jacqueline U.M. , Schalij‐Delfos Nicoline E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeCompare patients treated for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) in two consecutive periods.MethodsRetrospective inventory of anonymized neonatal and ophthalmological data of all patients treated for ROP from 2010 to 2017 in the Netherlands, subdivided in period (P)1: 1‐1‐2010 to 31‐3‐2013 and P2: 1‐4‐2013 to 31‐12‐2016. Treatment characteristics, adherence to early treatment for ROP (ETROP) criteria, outcome of treatment and changes in neonatal parameters and policy of care were compared.ResultsOverall 196 infants were included, 57 infants (113 eyes) in P1 and 139 (275 eyes) in P2, indicating a 2.1‐fold increase in ROP treatment. No differences were found in mean gestational age (GA) (25.9 ± 1.7 versus 26.0 ± 1.7 weeks, p = 0.711), mean birth weight (791 ± 311 versus 764 ± 204 grams, p = 0.967) and other neonatal risk factors for ROP. In P2, the number of premature infants born <25 weeks increased by factor 1.23 and higher oxygen saturation levels were aimed at in most centres. At treatment decision, 59.6% (P1) versus 83.5% (P2) (p = 0.263) infants were classified as Type 1 ROP (ETROP classification). Infants were treated with laser photocoagulation (98 versus 96%) and intravitreal bevacizumab (2 versus 4%). Retreatment was necessary in 10 versus 21 (p = 0.160). Retinal detachment developed in 6 versus 13 infants (p = 0.791) of which 2 versus 6 bilateral (p = 0.599).ConclusionIn period 2, the number of infants treated according to the ETROP criteria (Type 1) increased, the number of ROP treatments, retinal detachments and retreatments doubled and the absolute number of retinal detachments increased. Neonatal data did not provide a decisive explanation, although changes in neonatal policy were reported.
Randomised clinical trial: tegoprazan, a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker, or lansoprazole in the treatment of gastric ulcer
Authors: Cho Yu Kyung , Choi Myung‐Gyu , Choi Suck Chei , Lee Kee Myung , Kim Tae Oh , Park Soo‐Heon , Moon Jeong Seop , Lim Yun Jeong , Kang Dae Hwan , Cheon Gab Jin , Baik Gwang Ho , Kim Kyoung Oh , Cho Kwang Bum , Jang Jin Seok , Park Jong‐Jae , Son Byoung Kwan , Jung Hye‐Kyung , Kim Byung‐Wook , Kim Sung Kuk , Lee Soo Teik , Cha Jae Myung , Kim Ah Rong , Kim Eun Ji , Park Hyun Wook , Song Geun Seog 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundTegoprazan is a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker for the treatment of acid‐related disorders.AimsTo assess whether tegoprazan is non‐inferior to lansoprazole in terms of efficacy and safety in patients with gastric ulcers.MethodsIn this phase 3, double‐blind, active control, multicentre study, 306 gastric ulcer patients were randomised to one of three treatment groups: tegoprazan 50 mg, tegoprazan 100 mg and lansoprazole 30 mg once daily for 4 or 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the cumulative proportion of patients with healed ulcers confirmed by endoscopy up to 8 weeks from treatment initiation. Symptoms and safety were assessed.ResultsIn the full analysis set, the cumulative healing rates at week 8 were 94.8% (91/96) for the tegoprazan 50 mg, 95.0% (94/99) for the tegoprazan 100 mg and 95.7% (89/93) for the lansoprazole 30 mg groups. At week 4, the respective healing rates were 90.6% (87/96), 91.9% (91/99), and 89.2% (83/93). In per protocol analysis, 4‐week healing rates were 95.4% (84/88), 94.6% (88/93) and 92.9% (79/85) for tegoprazan 50 mg, tegoprazan 100 mg and lansoprazole 30 mg, respectively. Both doses of tegoprazan were non‐inferior to lansoprazole in ulcer healing at 4 and 8 weeks. The incidence of drug‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events did not differ among groups. The increase in serum gastrin concentration was not higher in tegoprazan‐treated patients than in lansoprazole‐treated patients.ConclusionsTegoprazan 50 or 100 mg were not inferior to lansoprazole 30 mg once daily in the treatment of gastric ulcers.
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, prostaglandins, and COVID‐19
Authors: Robb Calum T. , Goepp Marie , Rossi Adriano G. , Yao Chengcan 
Published: July 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the cause of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a highly pathogenic and sometimes fatal respiratory disease responsible for the current 2020 global pandemic. Presently, there remains no effective vaccine or efficient treatment strategies against COVID‐19. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medicines very widely used to alleviate fever, pain, and inflammation (common symptoms of COVID‐19 patients) through effectively blocking production of prostaglandins (PGs) via inhibition of cyclooxyganase enzymes. PGs can exert either proinflammatory or anti‐inflammatory effects depending on the inflammatory scenario. In this review, we survey the potential roles that NSAIDs and PGs may play during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the development and progression of COVID‐19.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID‐19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc
What is it about carer‐led oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities that work and why? A realist review
Authors: Waldron Catherine , MacGiolla Phadraig Caoimhin , Nunn June 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo undertake a realist review of carer‐led oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities. This was run parallel with a Cochrane Review.MethodsRealist review methods were followed. This was characterized by an iterative process of developing and refining theories of how interventions might work, expressed as context‐mechanism‐outcome configurations. The steps included identifying candidate theories with local and international expert consultation before applying an iterative search strategy. Selection criteria were applied for screening of the abstracts and 10% of the included full texts were screened by the three review members, independently, to ensure adherence to the criteria. Data were extracted in NVivo and synthesized qualitatively to confirm, refute or refine theories about what works, why, in what circumstances and for whom.ResultsOf the 697 potential sources, 112 studies progressed to full‐text screening, and 58 of those were included in the review. These 58 studies found evidence to support six theories about carer‐led oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities, from a starting point of ten candidate theories.This realist review found evidence to support the contention that, in order for carer‐led oral hygiene interventions for people with ID to succeed, there is a need for adequate resources and a system‐level approach; involving carers in design and implementation; tailoring of training to suit carers’ needs and work environments; clearly stating how interventions are expected to work; specifying goals with achievable steps for carers to follow; providing carers with support and feedback on their efforts; acknowledging the physical and emotional toll caring for people with intellectual disabilities has on the well‐being of carers; and repeating training.ConclusionsThe theories from this realist review will direct future interventions by suggesting the mechanisms and contexts that are important to achieve the intended outcome of improved oral health for people with intellectual disabilities. These are, of course, propositions intended for testing, rather than proven. The parallel use of Cochrane and realist methods provides a unique richness to our hypothesis of what works, for whom, when and how.