bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual parallax measurement of the Mira variable star BX Camelopardalis with VERA
Authors: Matsuno Masako , Nakagawa Akiharu , Morita Atsushi , Kurayama Tomoharu , Omodaka Toshihiro , Nagayama Takumi , Honma Mareki , Shibata Katsunori M , Ueno Yuji , Jike Takaaki , Tamura Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We report the results of astrometric VLBI observations toward the Mira variable star BX Cam using the VERA VLBI array. The observation was performed from 2012 February to 2014 November. The parallax obtained is 1.73 ± 0.03 mas corresponding to a distance of 0.58 ± 0.01 kpc. The parallax of this source was reported in Gaia DR2 as 4.13 ± 0.25 mas, and there is a 240% difference between these two measurements. Astrometric results from our VLBI observations show that we exactly traced the angular motions of the seven maser spots in BX Cam. We calculated the stellar luminosities using both parallaxes, and obtained luminosities of $L_{\ast }^{\mathrm{VERA}} = 4950\pm 170\, L_{\odot }$ and $L_{\ast }^{\mathrm{Gaia}} = 870\pm 110\, L_{\odot }$. These deduced luminosities also support the validity of the parallax that we determined with VERA. Evaluating the two parallaxes, we conclude that the parallax of 1.73 ± 0.03 mas from the VERA observations is correct for BX Cam. We obtained the systemic motion of BX Cam as (μαcos δsys, ${\mu }_{\delta }^{\mathrm{sys}}$) = (13.48 ± 0.14, −34.30 ± 0.18) mas yr−1. The total of 73 H2O maser spots detected from our VLBI observations shows a spatial distribution of 30 au × 80 au, with a strong elongation along the north–south direction. They show outflows with a three-dimensional velocity of 14.79 ± 1.40 km s−1. From a comparison between the time variations of the V-band magnitudes and the H2O masers, we found that the variation of the H2O masers is relevant to that seen in the V band even though the H2O masers do not recover their maximum flux in each cycle.
Site-specific mortality in native joint septic arthritis: a national population study
Authors: Huang Yi-Ching , Ho Chung-Han , Lin Yeong-Jang , Chen Hung-Jui , Liu Su-Yen , Wang Chia-Ling , Lin Cheng-Heng , Wang Jhi-Joung , Chien Chih-Chiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
This national cohort study investigated the incidence, site-specific mortality and prognostic factors of native septic arthritis (SA).

Methods
Tapping Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified inpatients with newly diagnosed SA between 1998 and 2012. They were categorized by site of infection and followed to calculate 30-day, 90-day and 1-year mortality. Predictors of mortality were calculated using Cox models.

Results
A total of 31 491 patients were identified as having SA, the most common site of infection being the knee (50.1%), followed by the hip (14.4%), other sites (26.8%), the shoulder (5.5%) and multiple sites (1.2%). Knee joint involvement was the most common site for all subgroups. Incidence increased from 9.8/105 in 1998 to 13.3/105 in 2012. The 30-day, 90-day and 1-year mortality rates were 4.3, 8.6 and 16.4% respectively. Predictors for mortality were hip infection, shoulder infection, multiple-site infection, being male, age ≥65 years old and comorbidities. We derived a mortality scoring model over age/SA site/comorbidity, and age ≥65 years old had the greatest risk contribution to mortality. No matter whether 1-month, 3-month or 1-year mortality was being considered, patients with the higher risk scores had the higher mortality rates (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
SA is an emerging infectious disease with a rising incidence, long duration of hospital stay and high mortality rate. The most common affected joint was knee for all subgroups. Patients aged ≥65 years old had a high SA incidence and the greatest risk contribution.
The Duration Puzzle in Life-Cycle Investment*
Authors: van Bilsen Servaas , Boelaars Ilja A , Bovenberg A. Lans 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
By analyzing the portfolio allocations of target date funds (TDFs), we document that the observed durations of TDF portfolios are inconsistent with the durations predicted by classical portfolio theory. We call this stylized fact the duration puzzle. We investigate to what extent several extensions of classical portfolio theory can explain the duration puzzle. More specifically, we consider the impact of human capital, inflation risk, and portfolio restrictions on the duration of the optimal portfolio. We find that it is difficult to explain the duration puzzle, especially for individuals aged between 35 and 65 years.
A randomized controlled trial of CBT-I and PAP for obstructive sleep apnea and comorbid insomnia: main outcomes from the MATRICS study
Authors: Ong Jason C , Crawford Megan R , Dawson Spencer C , Fogg Louis F , Turner Arlener D , Wyatt James K , Crisostomo Maria I , Chhangani Bantu S , Kushida Clete A , Edinger Jack D , Abbott Sabra M , Malkani Roneil G , Attarian Hrayr P , Zee Phyllis C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
To investigate treatment models using cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and positive airway pressure (PAP) for people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and comorbid insomnia.

Methods
121 adults with OSA and comorbid insomnia were randomized to receive CBT-I followed by PAP, CBT-I concurrent with PAP, or PAP only. PAP was delivered following standard clinical procedures for in-lab titration and home setup and CBT-I was delivered in four individual sessions. The primary outcome measure was PAP adherence across the first 90 days, with regular PAP use (≥4 h on ≥70% of nights during a 30-day period) serving as the clinical endpoint. The secondary outcome measures were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) with good sleeper (PSQI &lt;5), remission (ISI &lt;8), and response (ISI reduction from baseline &gt;7) serving as the clinical endpoints.

Results
No significant differences were found between the concomitant treatment arms and PAP only on PAP adherence measures, including the percentage of participants who met the clinical endpoint. Compared to PAP alone, the concomitant treatment arms reported a significantly greater reduction from baseline on the ISI (p = .0009) and had a greater percentage of participants who were good sleepers (p = .044) and remitters (p = .008). No significant differences were found between the sequential and concurrent treatment models on any outcome measure.

Conclusions
The findings from this study indicate that combining CBT-I with PAP is superior to PAP alone on insomnia outcomes but does not significantly improve adherence to PAP.
Bayesian Inference of Ancestral Host–Parasite Interactions under a Phylogenetic Model of Host Repertoire Evolution
Authors: Braga Mariana P , Landis Michael J , Nylin Sören , Janz Niklas , Ronquist Fredrik 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Intimate ecological interactions, such as those between parasites and their hosts, may persist over long time spans, coupling the evolutionary histories of the lineages involved. Most methods that reconstruct the coevolutionary history of such interactions make the simplifying assumption that parasites have a single host. Many methods also focus on congruence between host and parasite phylogenies, using cospeciation as the null model. However, there is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that the host ranges of parasites are more complex: that host ranges often include more than one host and evolve via gains and losses of hosts rather than through cospeciation alone. Here, we develop a Bayesian approach for inferring coevolutionary history based on a model accommodating these complexities. Specifically, a parasite is assumed to have a host repertoire, which includes both potential hosts and one or more actual hosts. Over time, potential hosts can be added or lost, and potential hosts can develop into actual hosts or vice versa. Thus, host colonization is modeled as a two-step process that may potentially be influenced by host relatedness. We first explore the statistical behavior of our model by simulating evolution of host–parasite interactions under a range of parameter values. We then use our approach, implemented in the program RevBayes, to infer the coevolutionary history between 34 Nymphalini butterfly species and 25 angiosperm families. Our analysis suggests that host relatedness among angiosperm families influences how easily Nymphalini lineages gain new hosts. [Ancestral hosts; coevolution; herbivorous insects; probabilistic modeling.]
Costs and benefits of gas inside wood and its relationship with anatomical traits: a contrast between trees and lianas
Authors: Souza Dias Arildo , Oliveira Rafael Silva , Martins Fernando Roberto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGas inside wood plays an important role in plant functioning, but there has been no study examining the adaptive nature of gas inside wood across plants differing in biomechanical demands. Using a comparative approach, we measured gas volumetric content, xylem’s anatomical traits and wood density of 15 tree and 16 liana species, to test whether gas content varies between these plant types strongly differing in their biomechanical demands. We asked (i) whether trees and lianas differ in gas content and (ii) how anatomical traits and wood density are related to gas content. Lianas had significantly less gas content in their branches compared with tree species. In tree species, gas content scaled positively with fiber, vessel and xylem cross-sectional area and fiber and vessel diameter, and negatively with dry-mass density. When pooling trees and lianas together, fiber cross-sectional area was the strongest predictor of gas content, with higher xylem cross-sectional area of fiber associated with higher gas content. In addition, we showed, through a simple analytical model, that gas inside wood increases the minimum branch diameter needed to prevent rupture, and this effect was stronger on trees compared with lianas. Our results support the view that gas inside wood plays an important role in the evolution of biomechanical functioning in different plant forms. Gas inside wood may also play an important role in physiological activities such as water transport, storage, photosynthesis and respiration, but it is still unknown whether these roles are or are not secondary to the mechanical support.
Infestation measured by Aedes aegypti larval surveys as an indication of future dengue epidemics: an evaluation for Brazil
Authors: Enslen Andrew W , Lima Neto Antonio S , Castro Marcia C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Aedes aegypti rapid larval surveys are mandatory in Brazil. Here, we retrospectively examined whether the house index estimated by larval surveys served as a useful tool in anticipating epidemics within Brazilian municipalities from 2009–2015.

Methods
We used correlation indices and classification analysis stratified by year, region, population size and time after the national larval survey.

Results
We found no association between the house index and the proportion of municipalities experiencing an epidemic. The sensitivity of a high score house index in predicting an epidemic was 7.20% (95% CI 6.22 to 8.33%) for all years combined. The positive predictive value of a high score house index to predict a ‘true epidemic’ was 38.96%, lower than the negative predictive values of a low score house index for predicting ‘no epidemic’ (56.96%). The highest overall sensitivity was observed in the North region (20.15%; 95% CI 17.14 to 23.53%). The sensitivity of a high score house index demonstrated a monotonic decrease with increasing time from larval collection.

Conclusions
Larval surveys are surveillance tools with the potential to risk-stratify and guide dengue control programs towards judicious resource allocation. However, the national rapid larval survey performed in Brazil, in its present form, consistently underpredicts dengue epidemics.
Sexual dimorphism in the meiotic requirement for PRDM9: a mammalian evolutionary safeguard
Authors: Powers Natalie R , Dumont Beth L , Emori Chihiro , Lawal Raman Akinyanju , Brunton Catherine , Paigen Ken , Handel Mary Ann , Bolcun-Filas Ewelina , Petkov Petko M , Bhattacharyya Tanmoy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn many mammals, genomic sites for recombination are determined by histone methyltransferase PRMD9. Mice lacking PRDM9 are infertile, but instances of fertility or semi-fertility in the absence of PRDM9 have been reported in mice, canines and a human female. Such findings raise the question of how the loss of PRDM9 is circumvented to maintain reproductive fitness. We show that genetic background and sex-specific modifiers can obviate the requirement for PRDM9 in mice. Specifically, the meiotic DNA damage checkpoint protein CHK2 acts as a modifier allowing female-specific fertility in the absence of PRDM9. We also report that in the absence of PRDM9, a PRDM9-independent recombination system is compatible with female meiosis and fertility, suggesting sex-specific regulation of meiotic recombination, a finding with implications for speciation.One Sentence SummarySex-specific modulation of a meiotic DNA damage checkpoint limits the requirement for PRDM9 in mammalian fertility.
Rapid Fractionation and Characterisation of Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers in Solution
Authors: Arter William E. , Xu Catherine K. , Castellana-Cruz Marta , Herling Therese W. , Krainer Georg , Saar Kadi L. , Kumita Janet R. , Dobson Christopher M. , Knowles Tuomas P. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOligomeric intermediates are implicated as neurotoxins in the pathogenesis of protein mis-folding diseases. Structural, biophysical and biochemical characterisation of these species is challenging due to their heterogeneous and transient nature, and their typically low abun-dance. Here, we show that microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis is capable of separating heterogeneous oligomer mixtures on a timescale of seconds, at least two orders of magnitude faster than conventional techniques. This enables analysis of oligomer structural heterogeneity, zeta-potential and immunochemistry with minimal sample perturbation under physiologically-relevant conditions.
Proteomics of osmoregulatory responses in threespine stickleback gills
Authors: Li Johnathon , Kültz Dietmar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe gill proteome of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) differs greatly in populations that inhabit diverse environments characterized by different temperature, salinity, food availability, parasites, and other parameters. To assess the contribution of a specific environmental parameter to such differences it is necessary to isolate its effects from those of other parameters. In this study the effect of environmental salinity on the gill proteome ofG. aculeatuswas isolated in controlled mesocosm experiments. Salinity-dependent changes in the gill proteome were analyzed by LC/MSMS data-independent acquisition (DIA) and Skyline. Relative abundances of 1691 proteins representing the molecular phenotype of stickleback gills were quantified using previously developed MSMS spectral and assay libraries in combination with DIA quantitative proteomics. General stress responses were distinguished from osmoregulatory protein abundance changes by their consistent occurrence during both hypo- and hyper-osmotic salinity stress in six separate mesocosm experiments. If the abundance of a protein was consistently regulated in opposite directions by hyper- versus hypo-osmotic salinity stress, then it was considered an osmoregulatory protein. In contrast, if protein abundance was consistently increased irrespective of whether salinity was increased or decreased, then it was considered a general stress response protein. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the salivary secretion, inositol phosphate metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and corresponding endocrine and extracellular signaling pathways contain most of the osmoregulatory gill proteins whose abundance is directly proportional to environmental salinity. Most proteins that were inversely correlated with salinity map to KEGG pathways that represent proteostasis, immunity, and related intracellular signaling processes. General stress response proteins represent fatty and amino acid degradation, purine metabolism, focal adhesion, mRNA surveillance, phagosome, endocytosis, and associated intracellular signaling KEGG pathways. These results demonstrate thatG. aculeatusresponds to salinity changes by adjusting osmoregulatory mechanisms that are distinct from transient general stress responses to control compatible osmolyte synthesis, transepithelial ion transport, and oxidative energy metabolism. Furthermore, this study establishes salinity as a key factor for causing the regulation of numerous proteins and KEGG pathways with established functions in proteostasis, immunity, and tissue remodeling. We conclude that the corresponding osmoregulatory gill proteins and KEGG pathways represent molecular phenotypes that promote transepithelial ion transport, cellular osmoregulation, and gill epithelial remodeling to adjust gill function to environmental salinity.
Sorry, we’re open: Golden Open Access and inequality in the natural sciences
Authors: Gray Russell J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlobal Open Access (GOA) journals make research more accessible and therefore more citable; however, the publication fees associated with GOA journals can be costly and therefore not a viable option for many researchers seeking high-impact publication outlets. In this study, I collect metadata from 237 open-access natural science journals and analyze them in terms of Article Processing Charges (APC), Impact Factor (IF), Eigen Factor (EF), citability, and country of publisher. The results of this study provide evidence that with IF, EF, and citability all increase as APC increases, and each of these metrics are higher in publishers from developed countries in comparison to developing countries. Implications of these trends are discussed in regards to natural sciences and inequality within the global scientific community.
A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Chagyrskaya Cave
Authors: Mafessoni Fabrizio , Grote Steffi , de Filippo Cesare , Slon Viviane , Kolobova Kseniya A. , Viola Bence , Markin Sergey V. , Chintalapati Manjusha , Peyrégne Stephane , Skov Laurits , Skoglund Pontus , Krivoshapkin Andrey I. , Derevianko Anatoly P. , Meyer Matthias , Kelso Janet , Peter Benjamin , Prüfer Kay , Pääbo Svante 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe sequenced the genome of a Neandertal from Chagyrskaya Cave in the Altai Mountains, Russia, to 27-fold genomic coverage. We estimate that this individual lived ~80,000 years ago and was more closely related to Neandertals in western Eurasia (1,2) than to Neandertals who lived earlier in Denisova Cave (3), which is located about 100 km away. About 12.9% of theChagyrskayagenome is spanned by homozygous regions that are between 2.5 and 10 centiMorgans (cM) long. This is consistent with that Siberian Neandertals lived in relatively isolated populations of less than 60 individuals. In contrast, a Neandertal from Europe, a Denisovan from the Altai Mountains and ancient modern humans seem to have lived in populations of larger sizes. The availability of three Neandertal genomes of high quality allows a first view of genetic features that were unique to Neandertals and that are likely to have been at high frequency among them. We find that genes highly expressed in the striatum in the basal ganglia of the brain carry more amino acid-changing substitutions than genes expressed elsewhere in the brain, suggesting that the striatum may have evolved unique functions in Neandertals.
Hypoxic response regulators RHY-1 and EGL-9/PHD promote longevity through a VHL-1 independent transcriptional response
Authors: Kruempel Joseph , Miller Hillary A. , Schaller Megan L. , Fretz Abrielle , Howington Marshall , Sarker Marjana , Huang Shijiao , Leiser Scott F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHIF-1-mediated adaptation to changes in oxygen availability is a critical aspect of healthy physiology. HIF is regulated by a conserved mechanism whereby EGLN/PHD family members hydroxylate HIF in an oxygen-dependent manner, targeting it for ubiquitination by Von-Hippel-Lindau (VHL) family members, leading to its proteasomal degradation. The activity of the onlyC. elegansPHD family member, EGL-9, is also regulated by a hydrogen sulfide sensing cysteine-synthetase-like protein, CYSL-1, which is, in turn, regulated by RHY-1/acyltransferase. Over the last decade multiple seminal studies have established a role for the hypoxic response in regulating longevity, with mutations invhl-1substantially extendingC. eleganslifespan through a HIF-1-dependent mechanism. However, studies on other components of the hypoxic signaling pathway that similarly stabilize HIF-1 have shown more mixed results, suggesting that mutations inegl-9andrhy-1frequently fail to extend lifespan. Here, we show thategl-9andrhy-1mutants suppress the long-lived phenotype ofvhl-1mutants. We also show that RNAi ofrhy-1extends lifespan of wild-type worms while decreasing lifespan ofvhl-1mutant worms. We further identify VHL-1-independent gene expression changes mediated by EGL-9 and RHY-1 and find that a subset of these genes contributes to longevity regulation. The resulting data suggest that changes in HIF-1 activity derived by interactions with EGL-9 likely contribute greatly to its role in regulation of longevity.
Dopamine D1 receptor signalling in dyskinetic Parkinsonian rats revealed by fiber photometry using FRET-based biosensors
Authors: Jones-Tabah Jace , Mohammad Hanan , Hadj-Youssef Shadi , Kim Lucy , Martin Ryan D. , Benaliouad Faïza , Tanny Jason C. , Clarke Paul B.S. , Hébert Terence E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLike many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the signalling pathways regulated by the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) are dynamic, cell-type specific, and can change in response to disease or drug exposures. In striatal neurons, the D1R activates cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signalling. However, in Parkinson’s disease (PD), alterations in this pathway lead to activation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2), contributing to L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). In order to detect D1R activationin vivoand to study the progressive dysregulation of D1R signalling in PD and LID, we developed ratiometric fiber-photometry with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors and optically detected PKA and ERK1/2 signalling in freely moving rats. We show that in Parkinsonian animals, D1R signalling through PKA and ERK1/2 is sensitized, but that following chronic treatment with L-DOPA, these pathways become partially desensitized while concurrently D1R activation leads to greater induction of dyskinesia.