bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of conventional chest physiotherapy and oscillatory positive expiratory pressure therapy in primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Bingol Ibrahim , Gokdemir Yasemin , Yilmaz‐Yegit Cansu , Ergenekon Pinar , Atag Emine , Bas Ikizoglu Nilay , Erdem Eralp Ela , Evkaya Ayca , Gencer Kardelen , Saygi Evrim K. , Karakoc Fazilet , Ersu Refika , Karadag Bulent 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundChest physiotherapy (CP) is a recommended treatment modality in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).ObjectivePrimary aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of the conventional chest physiotherapy (CCP) and oscillatory positive expiratory pressure therapy (OPEPT). Secondary aims were to compare the exacerbation rate, time until the first exacerbation, patient compliance and comfort between the two CP methods.MethodsThis is a 6 month randomized, controlled crossover trial. Patients >6 years of age with PCD were randomized into two groups, first group was assigned to OPEPT (Acapella®) for 3 months while second group was assigned to CCP. Groups were crossed over to the other modality after a 15‐day washout period. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and compliance were monitored by monthly clinic visits.ResultsThere was a significant increase in FEV1, FEF25–75, and PEF values (p = .018, p = .020, and p = .016, respectively) in the OPEPT group and in FVC values (p = .007) in CCP group compared to baseline. However PFT increase at 3rd month was not superior to each other with both physiotherapy methods. Median acute pulmonary exacerbation rate and time period until the first exacerbation were similar in both groups (p = .821, p = .092, respectively). Comfort and effectiveness of OPEPT was higher than CCP according to patients (p = .029 and p = .042, respectively). There were no adverse effects with either therapy.ConclusionsOPEPT was as effective as CCP in PCD patients. OPEPT was more comfortable and effective than CCP according to patients. OPEPT might be an efficient alternative method for airway cleareance in PCD patients.
The effect of a stable boundary layer on orographic gravity‐wave drag
Authors: Turner H. V. , Teixeira M. A. C. , Methven J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNumerical simulations are carried out using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model to calculate explicitly the ratio of orographic gravity‐wave drag (GWD) in the presence of a stable boundary layer (BL) to the inviscid drag in its absence, either obtained from inviscid WRF simulations or estimated using an analytical linear model. This ratio is represented as a function of three scaling variables, defined as ratios of the BL depth to the orography width, height, and stability height scale of the atmosphere. All results suggest that the GWD affected by the stable BL, DBL, is inversely proportional to the BL depth hBL, roughly following . The scaling relations are calibrated and tested using a multilinear regression applied to data from the WRF simulations, for idealised orography and inflow atmospheric profiles derived from reanalysis, representative of Antarctica in austral winter, where GWD is expected to be especially strong. These comparisons show that the scaling relations where the drag is normalised by the analytical inviscid estimate work best. This happens because stable BL effects reduce the amplitude of the waves above the BL, making their dynamics more linear. Knowledge of the BL depth and orography parameters is sufficient to obtain a reasonable correction to the inviscid drag without needing additional information about the wind and stability profiles. Since the drag currently available from numerical weather prediction model parametrizations comes from linear theory uncorrected for BL effects, the results reported here may be applied straightforwardly to improve those parametrizations.
Partial validation of a lossy compression approach to computing radiative transfer in cloud system‐resolving models
Authors: Barker Howard W. , Qu Zhipeng , Dhanraj Varun , Cole Jason N. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCloud system‐resolving models (CSRMs) routinely calculate radiative flux profiles via the Independent Column Approximation (ICA). The ICA applies 1D radiative transfer models (RTMs) to all columns in a CSRM's domain. For this study, the Partitioned Gauss–Legendre Quadrature (PGLQ) method replaced the ICA in a CSRM. The PGLQ applies RTMs to columns, identified with GLQ rules, and distributes their flux profiles to the other columns. The PGLQ approach is likened to a lossy compression algorithm that trades information for efficiency. While verification and validation of an audio compression algorithm rest, respectively, on file size reduction and sound quality according to listeners, for the PGLQ they rest on increasing while maintaining, according to experimenters, the integrity of CSRM simulations. A CSRM was run for 80 days in radiative‐convective equilibrium (1,024 × 1,024 columns and horizontal grid‐spacing of 0.25 km) for sea‐surface temperature SST = 295 and 300 K; the last 40 days were analysed. Simulations using the ICA represent the control; experiments used the PGLQ calling the RTMs fRT = 200, 5,000 and 50,000 fewer times than the control. For fRT = 50,000, several key variables spanning time/domain‐averaged cloud and radiation properties, a measure of cloud (convection) aggregation, and horizontal fluctuations of cloud and radiation fields, differ significantly from the control. In contrast, corresponding differences between the control and PGLQ with fRT ≤ 5,000, for both a given SST and differences between SSTs, are often minor, in all respects, and appear to be drawn from a single population. While these results partially validate the PGLQ method for fRT ≤ 5,000, they also indicate that overly large reductions in radiative information are detrimental.
Masserstein: Linear regression of mass spectra by optimal transport
Authors: Ciach Michał Aleksander , Miasojedow Błażej , Skoraczyński Grzegorz , Majewski Szymon , Startek Michał , Valkenborg Dirk , Gambin Anna 
Published: September 2020

RationaleThe linear regression of mass spectra is a computational problem defined as fitting a linear combination of reference spectra to an experimental one. It is typically used to estimate the relative quantities of selected ions. In this work, we study this problem in an abstract setting to develop new approaches applicable to a diverse range of experiments.MethodsTo overcome the sensitivity of the ordinary least‐squares regression to measurement inaccuracies, we base our methods on a non‐conventional spectral dissimilarity measure, known as the Wasserstein or the Earth Mover's distance. This distance is based on the notion of the cost of transporting signal between mass spectra, which renders it naturally robust to measurement inaccuracies in the mass domain.ResultsUsing a data set of 200 mass spectra, we show that our approach is capable of estimating ion proportions accurately without extensive preprocessing of spectra required by other methods. The conclusions are further substantiated using data sets simulated in a way that mimics most of the measurement inaccuracies occurring in real experiments.ConclusionsWe have developed a linear regression algorithm based on the notion of the cost of transporting signal between spectra. Our implementation is available in a Python 3 package called masserstein, which is freely available at https://github.com/mciach/masserstein.
Simple and Selective Synthesis of Copper‐Containing Metal Nanoclusters Using (PPh3)2CuBH4 as Reducing Agent
Authors: Shen Hui , Han Ying‐Zi , Wu Qingyuan , Peng Jian , Teo Boon K. , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA simple and selective synthetic protocol, using (PPh3)2CuBH4 as reducing agent, for Cu‐containing mixed metal nanoclusters (NCs) is reported. Representative NCs include alkynyl‐protected [Ag25Cu4(PhCC)12(PPh3)12Cl6H8]3+ (1), thiolate‐capped [AuCu14(SR)12(PPh3)6]+ (R = 4‐flurothiophenol) (2), and phosphine‐stabilized [Au9Cu2(PPh3)8Cl2]+ (3), which are fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, electrospray ionization mass, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 2H, 13C, and 31P NMR), and optical measurements, respectively. This work demonstrates the advantages of using (PPh3)2CuBH4 as a reducing agent in the synthesis of Cu‐containing heterometallic NCs in terms of versatility as well as high yield and high purity of the products. This work may open the door to utilizing functional metal borohydride, as a new generation of reducing agent for the simple and selective synthesis of metal NCs.
In Situ Quantification of the Local Electrocatalytic Activity via Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Haid Richard W. , Kluge Regina M. , Liang Yunchang , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIdentification of catalytically active sites at solid/liquid interfaces under reaction conditions is an essential task to improve the catalyst design for sustainable energy devices. Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC‐STM) combines the control of the surface reactions with imaging on a nanoscale. When performing EC‐STM under reaction conditions, the recorded analytical signal shows higher fluctuations (noise) at active sites compared to non‐active sites (noise‐EC‐STM or n‐EC‐STM). In the past, this approach has been proven as a valid tool to identify the location of active sites. In this work, the authors show that this method can be extended to obtain quantitative information of the local activity. For the platinum(111) surface under oxygen reduction reaction conditions, a linear relationship between the STM noise level and a measure of reactivity, the turn‐over frequency is found. Since it is known that the most active sites for this system are located at concave sites, the method has been applied to quantify the activity at steps. The obtained activity enhancement factors appeared to be in good agreement with the literature. Thus, n‐EC‐STM is a powerful method not only to in situ identify the location of active sites but also to determine and compare local reactivity.
The Changing Relation Between Sexual and Gender Minorities and Religion in Finland: Some Observations in the Light of Postsecularity
Authors: Nynäs Peter , Kejonen Eetu , Vullers Pieter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis chapter addresses some relevant issues regarding religion and sexual and gender diversity in Finland. Starting from the notion of a postsecular condition and making use of three complementary lenses, the chapter first provides an overview of recent developments in both legislative equality and changing attitudes in Finland. Second, it provides additional depth with an interview study including professionals from organizations working with issues of relevance to sexual and gender minorities. The chapter identifies some remaining challenges in the nexus of religion and gender and/or sexual diversity in Finland, an aspect that is emphasized when the chapter finally turns to public discussions in the media where different positions and views tend to clash today. The discussion in this chapter exemplifies the need to critically account for recent changes in the religious landscape.
Magnetic quivers for rank 1 theories
Authors: Bourget Antoine , Grimminger Julius F. , Hanany Amihay , Sperling Marcus , Zafrir Gabi , Zhong Zhenghao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Magnetic quivers and Hasse diagrams for Higgs branches of rank 1 4d N = 2 SCFTs are provided. These rank 1 theories fit naturally into families of higher rank theories, originating from higher dimensions, which are addressed.
Agreement between patients and mental healthcare providers on unmet care needs in child and adolescent psychiatry
Authors: Vijverberg Richard , Ferdinand Robert , Beekman Aartjan , van Meijel Berno 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In mental health care, patients and their care providers may conceptualize the nature of the disorder and appropriate action in profoundly different ways. This may lead to dropout and lack of compliance with the treatments being provided, in particular in young patients with more severe disorders. This study provides detailed information about patient–provider (dis)agreement regarding the care needs of children and adolescents.

Methods
We used the Camberwell Assessment of Need (CANSAS) to assess the met and unmet needs of 244 patients aged between 6 and 18 years. These needs were assessed from the perspectives of both patients and their care providers. Our primary outcome measure was agreement between the patient and care provider on unmet need. By comparing a general outpatient sample (n = 123) with a youth-ACT sample (n = 121), we were able to assess the influence of severity of psychiatric and psychosocial problems on the extent of agreement on patient’s unmet care needs.

Results
In general, patients reported unmet care needs less often than care providers did. Patients and care providers had the lowest extents of agreement on unmet needs with regard to “mental health problems” (k = 0.113) and “information regarding diagnosis/treatment” (k = 0.171). Comparison of the two mental healthcare settings highlighted differences for three-quarters of the unmet care needs that were examined. Agreement was lower in the youth-ACT setting.

Conclusions
Clarification of different views on patients’ unmet needs may help reduce nonattendance of appointments, noncompliance, or dropout. Routine assessment of patients’ and care providers’ perceptions of patients’ unmet care needs may also help provide information on areas of disagreement.
Coexistency on Hilbert Space Effect Algebras and a Characterisation of Its Symmetry Transformations
Authors: Gehér György Pál , Šemrl Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Hilbert space effect algebra is a fundamental mathematical structure which is used to describe unsharp quantum measurements in Ludwig’s formulation of quantum mechanics. Each effect represents a quantum (fuzzy) event. The relation of coexistence plays an important role in this theory, as it expresses when two quantum events can be measured together by applying a suitable apparatus. This paper’s first goal is to answer a very natural question about this relation, namely, when two effects are coexistent with exactly the same effects? The other main aim is to describe all automorphisms of the effect algebra with respect to the relation of coexistence. In particular, we will see that they can differ quite a lot from usual standard automorphisms, which appear for instance in Ludwig’s theorem. As a byproduct of our methods we also strengthen a theorem of Molnár.
Central venous catheter–related infections in hematology and oncology: 2020 updated guidelines on diagnosis, management, and prevention by the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO)
Authors: Böll Boris , Schalk Enrico , Buchheidt Dieter , Hasenkamp Justin , Kiehl Michael , Kiderlen Til Ramon , Kochanek Matthias , Koldehoff Michael , Kostrewa Philippe , Claßen Annika Y. , Mellinghoff Sibylle C. , Metzner Bernd , Penack Olaf , Ruhnke Markus , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Weissinger Florian , Wolf Hans-Heinrich , Karthaus Meinolf , Hentrich Marcus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCancer patients frequently require central venous catheters for therapy and parenteral nutrition and are at high risk of central venous catheter–related infections (CRIs). Moreover, CRIs prolong hospitalization, cause an excess in resource utilization and treatment cost, often delay anti-cancer treatment, and are associated with a significant increase in mortality in cancer patients. We therefore summoned a panel of experts by the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) and updated our previous guideline on CRIs in cancer patients. After conducting systematic literature searches on PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane databases, video- and meeting-based consensus discussions were held. In the presented guideline, we summarize recommendations on definition, diagnosis, management, and prevention of CRIs in cancer patients including the grading of strength of recommendations and the respective levels of evidence. This guideline supports clinicians and researchers alike in the evidence-based decision-making in the management of CRIs in cancer patients.
An analysis of screen-detected invasive cancers by grade in the English breast cancer screening programme: are we failing to detect sufficient small grade 3 cancers?
Authors: Blanks R. G. , Wallis M. G. , Alison R. J. , Given-Wilson R. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveRandomised controlled trials have shown a reduction in breast cancer mortality from mammography screening and it is the detection of high-grade invasive cancers that is responsible for much of this effect. We determined the detection rates of invasive cancers by grade, size and type of screen and estimated relative sensitivities with emphasis on grade 3 detection.MethodsThis observational study analysed data from over 11 million screening episodes (67,681 invasive cancers) from the English NHS breast screening programme over seven screening years 2009/2010 to 2015/2016 for women aged 45–70.ResultsAt prevalent (first) screens (which are unaffected by screening interval), the detection rate of small (< 15 mm) invasive cancers was 0.95 per 1000 for grade 1, but for grade 3 only 0.30 per 1000. The ratio of small (< 15 mm) to large (≥ 15 mm) cancers was 1.8:1 for grade 1 but reversed to 0.5:1 for grade 3. We estimated that the relative sensitivity for grade 3 invasive cancers was 52% of that for grade 1 and the relative sensitivity for small (< 15 mm) grade 3 only 26% of that for small (< 15 mm) grade 1 invasive cancers.ConclusionsSensitivity for small grade 3 invasive cancers is poor compared with that for grade 1 and 2 invasive cancers and larger grade 3 malignancies. This observation is likely a limitation of the current technology related to the absence of identifiable mammographic features for small high-grade cancers. Future work should focus on technologies and strategies to improve detection of these clinically most significant cancers.Key Points• The detection of small high-grade invasive cancers is vital to reduce breast cancer mortality.• We estimate the sensitivity for small grade 3 invasive cancers may be only 26% of that of small grade 1 invasive cancers. This is likely to be associated with the non-specific mammographic features for these cancers.• New technologies and appropriate strategies using current technology are required to maximise the detection of small grade 3 invasive cancers.
Revealing the most common reporting errors through data mining of the report proofreading process
Authors: Vosshenrich Jan , Nesic Ivan , Cyriac Joshy , Boll Daniel T. , Merkle Elmar M. , Heye Tobias 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the most common errors in residents’ preliminary reports, if structured reporting impacts error types and frequencies, and to identify possible implications for resident education and patient safety.

Material and methods
Changes in report content were tracked by a report comparison tool on a word level and extracted for 78,625 radiology reports dictated from September 2017 to December 2018 in our department. Following data aggregation according to word stems and stratification by subspecialty (e.g., neuroradiology) and imaging modality, frequencies of additions/deletions were analyzed for findings and impression report section separately and compared between subgroups.

Results
Overall modifications per report averaged 4.1 words, with demonstrably higher amounts of changes for cross-sectional imaging (CT: 6.4; MRI: 6.7) than non-cross-sectional imaging (radiographs: 0.2; ultrasound: 2.8). The four most frequently changed words (right, left, one, and none) remained almost similar among all subgroups (range: 0.072–0.117 per report; once every 9–14 reports). Albeit representing only 0.02% of analyzed words, they accounted for up to 9.7% of all observed changes. Subspecialties solely using structured reporting had substantially lower change ratios in the findings report section (mean: 0.2 per report) compared with prose-style reporting subspecialties (mean: 2.0). Relative frequencies of the most changed words remained unchanged.

Conclusion
Residents’ most common reporting errors in all subspecialties and modalities are laterality discriminator confusions (left/right) and unnoticed descriptor misregistration by speech recognition (one/none). Structured reporting reduces overall error rates, but does not affect occurrence of the most common errors. Increased error awareness and measures improving report correctness and ensuring patient safety are required.

Key Points
• The two most common reporting errors in residents’ preliminary reports are laterality discriminator confusions (left/right) and unnoticed descriptor misregistration by speech recognition (one/none).
• Structured reporting reduces the overall the error frequency in the findings report section by a factor of 10 (structured reporting: mean 0.2 per report; prose-style reporting: 2.0) but does not affect the occurrence of the two major errors.
• Staff radiologist review behavior noticeably differs between radiology subspecialties.
Radiation-induced toxicities and outcomes after radiotherapy are independent of patient age in elderly salivary gland cancer patients: results from a matched-pair analysis of a rare disease
Authors: Rühle Alexander , Rothhaar Sofie , Haehl Erik , Kalckreuth Tobias , Sprave Tanja , Stoian Raluca , Zamboglou Constantinos , Gkika Eleni , Knopf Andreas , Grosu Anca-Ligia , Nicolay Nils H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study analyzed survival and toxicity after (chemo)radiotherapy for primary salivary gland cancer patients aged ≥ 65 years and compared these results with younger patients using a matched-pair analysis.

Methods
Twenty-nine elderly patients with primary salivary gland carcinomas treated with (chemo)radiotherapy from 2008 to 2020 at University of Freiburg Medical Center were analyzed for oncological outcomes and therapy-associated toxicities. Local/locoregional control (LRC), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the influence of clinical parameters on patient outcomes was assessed. A matched-pair analysis was performed after matching with patients < 65 years.

Results
Nine patients (31.0%) received definitive (chemo)radiotherapy, and 20 patients (69.0%) were treated in the adjuvant setting. 2-year LRC, PFS and OS ranged at 82.4%, 53.7% and 71.8%, respectively. Smoking (HR 3.980, p = 0.020), reduced performance status (HR 3.735, p = 0.016) and higher comorbidity burden (HR 4.601, p = 0.005) correlated with inferior OS. Using a matched-pair analysis with younger patients, elderly patients exhibited a trend towards reduced OS (HR 3.015, p = 0.065), but not PFS (HR 1.474, p = 0.371) or LRC (HR 1.324, p = 0.633). Acute and chronic grade 3 toxicities occurred in 31.0% and 12.5% of elderly patients, respectively, and the matched-pair analysis revealed no significant differences between age groups regarding treatment-related toxicities.

Conclusion
Treatment-related toxicities as well as LRC and PFS were comparable for salivary gland cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Therefore, concerns for more pronounced toxicities or reduced local/locoregional response rates should not guide treatment decisions in affected elderly patients.