bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Strategy For Treatment of Comminuted Mandibular Fracture
Authors: Ma Yanbo , Hao Xiuyan , Zhao Yantao 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment strategy of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for comminuted mandibular fracture (CMF).

Methods:
Clinical studies about CMF were collected. Detailed information was extracted, and data were analyzed and merged from included articles.

Results:
Twelve studies, including 338 patients with CMF, were reported. A total of 256 patients receive ORIF among these 338 patients, and exhibited followed characteristics: ORIF usually were performed several days after injury; the extraoral approach for ORIF was used for 103 patients among 205 patients who received ORIF with definite information about surgical approach; titanium mesh, or reconstruction plate, combined with mini-plates was used in 17 and 194 patients, respectively; intermaxillary fixation (IMF) usually persisted about 1 to 3 weeks after ORIF; most patients exhibited satisfactory effect without serious complications, and the complication rate varied from 0 to 42%.

Conclusions:
ORIF strategy for treatment of CMF including: ORIF was a priority choice for CMF. ORIF usually was performed at several days after injury. Reconstruction plate, or titanium mesh, combined with mini-plates was recommended for ORIF surgery. After ORIF, IMF usually was recommended for about 1 to 3 weeks.
Ultrasound-Activated Bioresorbable Osteosynthesis in the Treatment of Craniosynostosis
Authors: Chen Youbai , Niu Zehao , Zhang Haizhong , Zhang Qixu , August Meredith , Han Yan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to estimate the incidence of fixation-related complications following ultrasound-activated biodegradable osteosynthesis (UBO) in the treatment of craniosynostosis. The authors searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library from January 2005 to January 2020 for clinical studies reporting the use of UBO for fixation in the treatment of craniosynostosis. The primary outcome was the incidence of fixation-related complications, including unstable fixation; swelling, plate visibility, or palpability; infection; inflammation, sinus formation, and discharge; implant exposure; reoperation or implant removal. The pooled incidence rates were estimated using random-effects models. Of 155 studies identified, 10 were included, representing 371 patients. Forty-six (12.4%) patients presented fixation-related complications. The incidence rates of swelling/visibility/palpability, infection, and reoperation/implant removal were pooled based on the available data. The pooled incidence rate of chronic swelling/visibility/palpability was 0.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05–0.43). Sensitivity analysis by omitting the outlier study demonstrates that the incidence of swelling/visibility/palpability was 0.07 (95% CI, 0.04–0.11). The pooled incidence rate of infection and reoperation/implant removal was 0.07 (95% CI, 0.01–0.16) and 0.04 (95% CI, 0.01–0.09), respectively. Results show that although UBO can provide stable fixation, chronic swelling/visibility/palpability, infection, and reoperation for removal are not uncommon. Based on the literature, the authors recommend judicious use of UBO in patients with large frontorbital advancement and in the area of the coronal suture or other sites with thin overlying skin/subcutaneous tissue. The high possibility of chronic swelling/palpability/visibility during degradation, needs to be discussed preoperatively.
Which Cholecystectomy Technique Would Surgeons Prefer on Themselves?
Authors: Lima Diego L. , Lima Raquel Nogueira C.L. , dos Santos Dalmir C. , Shadduck Phillip P. , Carvalho Gustavo L. , Malcher Flavio 
Published: July 2020

Background:
As the minimally invasive surgery revolution approaches 30 years, many techniques are now available for cholecystectomy: open, conventional laparoscopy, ini-laparoscopy, single incision, robotic, and natural orifice. Although much has been published about patient preferences regarding these techniques, less is known about surgeon perceptions and preferences. The aim of this study was to survey attending and trainee surgeons about which cholecystectomy technique they would prefer for themselves and what factors determine their decision.

Methods:
Attending fellow and resident surgeons globally completed a Google Forms online questionnaire that was posted in 3 closed groups for surgeons on Facebook and WhatsApp.

Results:
The online questionnaire was completed by 600 surgeons (453 attending surgeons and 147 residents/fellows). Most respondents were male individuals (87.6% of attending surgeons, 78.2% of trainee surgeons). The most common age range of respondents was 31 to 40 years. Surgeon response was global, with especially good representation from North American, Asian, and European physicians. When conventional laparoscopy, mini-laparoscopy, and robotic surgery were the options offered for cholecystectomy, 58.5% of trainees and 45.7% of surgeons chose conventional laparoscopy. When asked if they would consider a single-incision or natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery approach, 91.5% answered no. When asked which technique they would prefer if hypothetically all techniques were equally safe, about three-fourths chose either conventional laparoscopy (46%) or mini-laparoscopy (27%). When asked to rank which factors they considered most important in choosing a surgical technique, surgeon experience (52%) and safety of the procedure (45%) were the 2 most important factors.

Conclusions:
When an international sample of 600 attending and trainee surgeons were asked about undergoing a cholecystectomy on themselves, most chose either conventional laparoscopy or mini-laparoscopy as their preferred access technique. Single-incision and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery approaches were unpopular. Surgeons ranked the experience of the operating surgeon and safety of the procedure as the most important factors guiding their decision.
ACDC: Automated Cell Detection and Counting for Time-lapse Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Rundo Leonardo , Tangherloni Andrea , Tyson Darren R. , Betta Riccardo , Militello Carmelo , Spolaor Simone , Nobile Marco S. , Besozzi Daniela , Lubbock Alexander L. R. , Quaranta Vito , Mauri Giancarlo , Lopez Carlos F. , Cazzaniga Paolo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdvances in microscopy imaging technologies have enabled the visualization of live-cell dynamic processes using time-lapse microscopy imaging. However, modern methods exhibit several limitations related to the training phases and to time constraints, hindering their application in the laboratory practice. In this work, we present a novel method, named Automated Cell Detection and Counting (ACDC), designed for activity detection of fluorescent labeled cell nuclei in time-lapse microscopy. ACDC overcomes the limitations of the literature methods, by first applying bilateral filtering on the original image to smooth the input cell images while preserving edge sharpness, and then by exploiting the watershed transform and morphological filtering. Moreover, ACDC represents a feasible solution for the laboratory practice, as it can leverage multi-core architectures in computer clusters to efficiently handle large-scale imaging datasets. Indeed, our Parent-Workers implementation of ACDC allows to obtain up to a 3.7× speed-up compared to the sequential counterpart. ACDC was tested on two distinct cell imaging datasets to assess its accuracy and effectiveness on images with different characteristics. We achieved an accurate cell-count and nuclei segmentation without relying on large-scale annotated datasets, a result confirmed by the average Dice Similarity Coefficients of 76.84 and 88.64 and the Pearson coefficients of 0.99 and 0.96, calculated against the manual cell counting, on the two tested datasets.
Pseudomonas aeruginosadetachment from surfaces via a self-made small molecule
Authors: Scheffler Robert J. , Sugimoto Yuki , Bratton Benjamin P. , Ellison Courtney K. , Koch Matthias D. , Donia Mohamed S. , Gitai Zemer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosais a significant threat in both healthcare and industrial biofouling. Surface attachment ofP. aeruginosais particularly problematic as surface association induces virulence and biofilm formation, which hamper later antibiotic treatments. Previous efforts have searched for biofilm dispersal agents, but there are no known factors that specifically disperse surface-attachedP. aeruginosa. In this study we develop a quantitative surface-dispersal assay and use it to show thatP. aeruginosaitself produces factors that can stimulate its dispersal. Through bioactivity-guided fractionation, Mass Spectrometry, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, we elucidated the structure of one such factor, 2-methyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (MHQ). MHQ is an alkyl-quinolone with a previously unknown activity and is synthesized by the PqsABC enzymes. Pure MHQ is sufficient to disperseP. aeruginosa, but the dispersal activity of naturalP. aeruginosaconditioned media requires additional factors. Whereas other alkyl quinolones have been shown to act as antibiotics or membrane depolarizers, MHQ lacks these activities and known antibiotics do not induce dispersal. In contrast, we show that MHQ inhibits the activity of Type IV Pili (TFP) and that TFP targeting can explain its dispersal activity. Our work thus identifies surface dispersal as a new activity ofP. aeruginosa-produced small molecules, characterizes MHQ as a promising dispersal agent, and establishes TFP inhibition as a viable mechanism forP. aeruginosadispersal.Significance StatementWe discovered that the clinically relevant human bacterial pathogenP. aeruginosa, typically associated with surface-based infections, is dispersed by a small molecule that the bacteria themselves produce. We elucidate the chemical structure of this molecule and find that mechanistically it functions to inhibit the activity of theP. aeruginosaextra cellular surface motility appendage, the type IV pilus.
Glycine receptor subunit-ß -deficiency in a mouse model of spasticity results in attenuated physical performance, growth and muscle strength
Authors: Rivares Cintia , Vignaud Alban , Noort Wendy , Koopmans Bastijn , Loos Maarten , Kalinichev Mikhail , Jaspers Richard T 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpasticity is the most common neurological disorder associated with increased muscle contraction causing impaired movement and gait. The aim of this study was to characterize physical performance and skeletal muscle function and phenotype of mice with a hereditary spastic mutation (B6.Cg-Glrbspa/J). Motor function, gait and physical activity of juvenile and adult spastic mice and the morphological, histological and mechanical characteristics of their soleus (SO) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscles were compared with their wild-type (WT) littermates. Spastic mice showed attenuated growth, impaired motor function and low physical activity. Gait of spastic mice was characterized by a typical hopping pattern. Spastic mice showed lower muscle forces, which were related to the smaller physiological cross-sectional area of spastic muscles. The muscle-tendon complex length-force relationship of adult GM was shifted towards shorter lengths, which was explained by attenuated longitudinal tibia growth. Spastic GM was more fatigue resistant than WT GM. This was largely explained by a higher mitochondrial content in muscle fibers and relatively higher percentage of slow type muscle fibers. Muscles of juvenile spastic mice showed similar differences compared to WT juvenile mice, but these were less pronounced than between adult mice. This study shows that in spastic mice, disturbed motor function and gait is likely the result hyperactivity of skeletal muscle and impaired skeletal muscle growth, which progress with age.
COVID-19 transmission in the U.S. before vs. after relaxation of state social distancing measures
Authors: Tsai Alexander C. , Harling Guy , Reynolds Zahra , Gilbert Rebecca F. , Siedner Mark J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWeeks after issuing social distancing orders, all U.S. states and the District of Columbia at least partially relaxed these measures. Critical unanswered questions remain about the timing of relaxation, and if and how unregulated social distancing measures can be sustained while effectively maintaining epidemic control.MethodsWe identified all statewide social distancing measures that were implemented and/or relaxed in the U.S. between March 10-July 15, 2020, triangulating data from state government and third-party sources. Using segmented linear regression, we evaluated the extent to which social distancing measure relaxation affected epidemic control, as indicated by the time-varying, state-specific effective reproduction number (Rt).ResultsIn the eight weeks prior to relaxation, mean Rt declined by 0.012 units per day (95% CI, -0.013 to -0.012), and 46/51 jurisdictions achieved Rt < 1.0 by the date of relaxation. After relaxation of social distancing, Rt reversed course and began increasing by 0.007 units per day (95% CI, 0.006-0.007), reaching a mean Rt of 1.16 eight weeks later, with only 9/51 jurisdictions maintaining Rt <1.0. Indicators often used to motivate relaxation at the time of relaxation (e.g. test positivity rate <5%) predicted greater post-relaxation epidemic growth.ConclusionsWe detected an immediate and significant reversal in epidemic growth gains after relaxation of social distancing measures across the U.S. These results illustrate the potential pitfalls of premature relaxation of social distancing measures in the U.S.
Improved COVID-19 Serology Test Performance by Integrating Multiple Lateral Flow Assays using Machine Learning
Authors: Mowery Cody T. , Marson Alexander , Song Yun S. , Ye Chun Jimmie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMitigating transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been complicated by the inaccessibility and, in some cases, inadequacy of testing options to detect present or past infection. Immunochromatographic lateral flow assays (LFAs) are a cheap and scalable modality for tracking viral transmission by testing for serological immunity, though systematic evaluations have revealed the low performance of some SARS-CoV-2 LFAs. Here, we re-analyzed existing data to present a proof-of-principle machine learning framework that may be used to inform the pairing of LFAs to achieve superior classification performance while enabling tunable False Positive Rates optimized for the estimated seroprevalence of the population being tested.
The concentration of several perfluoroalkyl acids in serum appears to be reduced by dietary fiber
Authors: Dzierlenga Michael W. , Keast Debra R. , Longnecker Matthew P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFiber-rich food intake has been associated with lower serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in some studies, but dietary fiber per se has not to our knowledge been examined. Dietary fiber can adsorb some substances and trap them in a viscous gel matrix in the gut, resulting in excretion. We hypothesized that serum PFAS concentrations would be lower among those with higher dietary fiber intake. We examined the PFAS-fiber association among 6,483 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2016. Fiber intake was estimated based on two 24-hour diet recalls. We adjusted the models for determinants of PFAS and potentially confounding factors such as intake of foods reported to increase PFAS exposure. Results were expressed as the percent difference in PFAS concentration per interquartile distance (IQD) increase in fiber (and 95 percent confidence interval), and the NHANES sampling parameters were used to make the results generalizable to the U.S. The adjusted percent difference in perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) per IQD increase in fiber was -4.35 (-6.79, -1.85); for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was -7.19 (-10.01, - 4.27), and for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) was -8.54 (-11.50, -5.48). These results suggest that dietary fiber increases the gastrointestinal excretion of PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA. Although the size of the associations was modest, the findings may be important in the context of studies of health outcomes in relation to PFAS if those health outcomes are also related to dietary fiber intake and the outcome-PFAS association is modest.
What’s left in the tank? Identification of non-ascribed aquarium’s coral collections with DNA barcodes as part of an integrated diagnostic approach
Authors: Colin Luigi , Abed-Navandi Daniel , Conde Dalia A. , Craggs Jamie , da Silva Rita , Janse Max , Källström Björn , Pearce-Kelly Alexander , yesson Chris 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe unprecedented threats to coral reef ecosystems from global climate change (GCC) require an urgent response from the aquarium community, which is becoming an increasingly vital coral conservation resource. Unfortunately, many hermatypic corals in aquaria are not identified to species level, which hinders assessment of their conservation significance. Traditional methods of species identification using morphology can be challenging, especially to non-taxonomists. DNA barcoding is an option for species identification of Scleractinian corals, especially when used in concert with morphology-based assessment. This study uses DNA barcodes to try to identify aquarium specimens of the diverse reef-forming genusAcroporafrom 127 samples. We identified to our best current knowledge, to species name 44% of the analysed samples and provided provisional identification for 80% of them (101/127, in the form of a list of species names with associate confidence values). We highlighted a sampling bias in public nucleotide sequences repertories (e.g.: GenBank) towards more charismatic and more studied species, even inside a well-studied genus likeAcropora. In addition, we showed a potential “single observer” effect with over a quarter of the reference sequences used for these identifications coming from the same study. We propose the use of barcoding and query matching as an additional tool for taxonomic experts and general aquarists, as an additional tool to increase their chances of making high confidence species-level identifications. We produce a standardised and easily repeatable methodology to increase the capacity of aquariums and other facilities to assess non-ascribed species, emphasising the value of integrating this approach with morphological identification optimising usage of authoritative identification guides and expert opinion.
Toward a Monte Carlo approach to selecting climate variables in MaxEnt: A case study using Cassin’s Sparrow (Peucaea cassinii)
Authors: Schnase John L. , Carroll Mark L. , Gill Roger L. , Tamkin Glenn S. , Li Jian , Strong Savannah L. , Maxwell Thomas P. , Aronne Mary E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMaxEnt is an important aid in understanding the influence of climate change on species distributions and abundance. There is growing interest in using IPCC-class global climate model outputs as environmental predictors in this work. These models provide realistic, global representations of the climate system, projections for hundreds of variables (including Essential Climate Variables), and combine observations from an array of satellite, airborne, andin-situsensors. Unfortunately, direct use of this important class of data in MaxEnt modeling has been limited by the large size of climate model output collections and the fact that MaxEnt can only operate on a relatively small set of predictors stored in a computer’s main memory. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of a Monte Carlo method that overcomes this limitation by finding a useful subset of predictors in a larger, externally-stored collection of environmental variables in a reasonable amount of time. Our proposed solution takes an ensemble approach wherein many MaxEnt runs, each drawing on a small random subset of variables, converges on a global estimate of the top contributing subset of variables in the larger collection. In preliminary tests, the Monte Carlo approach selected a consistent set of top six variables within 540 runs, with the four most contributory variables of the top six accounting for approximately 93% of overall permutation importance in the final model. These results suggest that a Monte Carlo approach could offer a viable means of selecting environmental predictors for MaxEnt models that is amenable to parallelization and scalable to very large data sets. This point to the possibility of near-real-time multiprocessor implementations that could enable broader and more exploratory use of global climate model outputs in environmental niche modeling and aid in the discovery of viable predictors.
Eleven biosynthetic genes explain the majority of natural variation for carotenoid levels in maize grain
Authors: Diepenbrock Christine H. , Ilut Daniel C. , Magallanes-Lundback Maria , Kandianis Catherine B. , Lipka Alexander E. , Bradbury Peter J. , Holland James B. , Hamilton John P. , Wooldridge Edmund , Vaillancourt Brieanne , Góngora-Castillo Elsa , Wallace Jason G. , Cepela Jason , Mateos-Hernandez Maria , Owens Brenda F. , Tiede Tyler , Buckler Edward S. , Rocheford Torbert , Buell C. Robin , Gore Michael A. , DellaPenna Dean 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTVitamin A deficiency remains prevalent in parts of Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa where maize is a food staple. Extensive natural variation exists for carotenoids in maize grain; to understand its genetic basis, we conducted a joint linkage and genome-wide association study in the U.S. maize nested association mapping panel. Eleven of the 44 detected quantitative trait loci (QTL) were resolved to individual genes. Six of these were correlated expression and effect QTL (ceeQTL), showing strong correlations between RNA-seq expression abundances and QTL allelic effect estimates across six stages of grain development. These six ceeQTL also had the largest percent phenotypic variance explained, and in major part comprised the three to five loci capturing the bulk of genetic variation for each trait. Most of these ceeQTL had strongly correlated QTL allelic effect estimates across multiple traits. These findings provide the most comprehensive genome-level understanding of the genetic and molecular control of carotenoids in any plant system, and a roadmap to accelerate breeding for provitamin A and other priority carotenoid traits in maize grain that should be readily extendable to other cereals.