bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological forecasts reveal limitations of common model selection methods: predicting changes in beaver colony densities
Authors: Johnson‐Bice Sean M. , Ferguson Jake M. , Erb John D. , Gable Thomas D. , Windels Steve K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver the past two decades, there have been numerous calls to make ecology a more predictive science through direct empirical assessments of ecological models and predictions. While the widespread use of model selection using information criteria has pushed ecology toward placing a higher emphasis on prediction, few attempts have been made to validate the ability of information criteria to correctly identify the most parsimonious model with the greatest predictive accuracy. Here, we used an ecological forecasting framework to test the ability of information criteria to accurately predict the relative contribution of density dependence and density‐independent factors (forage availability, harvest, weather, wolf [Canis lupus] density) on inter‐annual fluctuations in beaver (Castor canadensis) colony densities. We modeled changes in colony densities using a discrete‐time Gompertz model, and assessed the performance of four models using information criteria values: density‐independent models with (1) and without (2) environmental covariates; and density‐dependent models with (3) and without (4) environmental covariates. We then evaluated the forecasting accuracy of each model by withholding the final one‐third of observations from each population and compared observed vs. predicted densities. Information criteria and our forecasting accuracy metrics both provided strong evidence of compensatory density dependence in the annual dynamics of beaver colony densities. However, despite strong within‐sample performance by the most complex model (density‐dependent with covariates) as determined using information criteria, hindcasts of colony densities revealed that the much simpler density‐dependent model without covariates performed nearly as well predicting out‐of‐sample colony densities. The hindcast results indicated that the complex model over‐fit our data, suggesting that parameters identified by information criteria as important predictor variables are only marginally valuable for predicting landscape‐scale beaver colony dynamics. Our study demonstrates the importance of evaluating ecological models and predictions with long‐term data and revealed how a known limitation of information criteria (over‐fitting of complex models) can affect our interpretation of ecological dynamics. While incorporating knowledge of the factors that influence animal population dynamics can improve population forecasts, we suggest that comparing forecast performance metrics can likewise improve our knowledge of the factors driving population dynamics.
A Bayesian nested patch occupancy model to estimate steelhead movement and abundance
Authors: Waterhouse Lynn , White Jody , See Kevin , Murdoch Andrew , Semmens Brice X. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic impacts on riverine systems have, in part, led to management concerns regarding the population status of species using these systems. In an effort to assess the efficacy of restoration actions, and in order to improve monitoring of species of concern, managers have turned to PIT (passive integrated transponder) tag studies with in‐stream detectors to monitor movements of tagged individuals throughout river networks. However, quantifying movements in a river network using PIT tag data with incomplete coverage and imperfect detections presents a challenge. We propose a flexible Bayesian analytic framework that models the imperfectly detected movements of tagged individuals in a nested PIT tag array river network. This model structure provides probabilistic estimates of up‐stream migration routes for each tagged individual based on a set of underlying nested state variables. These movement estimates can be converted into abundance estimates when an estimate of abundance is available for a location within the river network. We apply the model framework to data from steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Upper Columbia River basin and evaluate model performance (precision/variance of simulated population sizes) as a function of population tagging rates and PIT tag array detection probability densities within the river system using a simulation framework. This simulation framework provides both model validation (precision) and the ability to evaluate expected performance improvements (variance) due to changes in tagging rates or PIT receiver array configuration. We also investigate the impact of different network configurations on model estimates. Results from such investigations can help inform decisions regarding future monitoring and management.
Meta‐analysis on the long‐term effectiveness of psychological and medical treatments for binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Hilbert Anja , Petroff David , Herpertz Stephan , Pietrowsky Reinhard , Tuschen‐Caffier Brunna , Vocks Silja , Schmidt Ricarda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveLong‐term effectiveness is a critical aspect of the clinical utility of a treatment; however, a meta‐analytic evaluation of psychological and medical treatments for binge‐eating disorder (BED), including weight loss treatments, is outstanding. This meta‐analysis sought to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the long‐term effectiveness in diverse treatments for BED regarding a range of clinically relevant outcomes.MethodBased on a systematic search up to February 2018, 114 published and unpublished randomized‐controlled (RCTs), nonrandomized, and uncontrolled treatment studies, totaling 8,862 individuals with BED (DSM‐IV, DSM‐5), were identified and analyzed using within‐group random‐effect modeling.ResultsEffectiveness (regarding binge‐eating episodes and abstinence, eating disorder and general psychopathology) up to 12 months following treatment was demonstrated for psychotherapy, structured self‐help treatment, and combined treatment, while the results regarding body weight reduction were inconsistent. These results were confirmed in sensitivity analyses with RCTs on the most common treatments—cognitive‐behavioral therapy and self‐help treatment based on this approach. Follow‐up intervals longer than 12 months were rarely reported, mostly supporting the long‐term effectiveness of psychotherapy. Few follow‐up data were available for pharmacotherapy, and behavioral and self‐help weight loss treatment, while follow‐up data were lacking for pharmacological and surgical weight loss treatment. Study quality varied widely.DiscussionThis comprehensive meta‐analysis demonstrated the medium‐term effectiveness of psychotherapy, structured self‐help treatment, and combined treatment for patients with BED, and supported the long‐term effectiveness of psychotherapy. The results were derived from uncontrolled comparisons over time. Further long‐term high quality research on psychological and medical treatments for BED is required.
Comparing integrative cognitive‐affective therapy and guided self‐help cognitive‐behavioral therapy to treat binge‐eating disorder using standard and naturalistic momentary outcome measures: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Peterson Carol B. , Engel Scott G. , Crosby Ross D. , Strauman Timothy , Smith Tracey L. , Klein Marjorie , Crow Scott J. , Mitchell James E. , Erickson Ann , Cao Li , Bjorlie Kayla , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveInnovative treatments and outcome measures are needed for binge‐eating disorder (BED). This randomized controlled trial compared Integrative Cognitive‐Affective Therapy (ICAT‐BED), an individual psychotherapy targeting momentary behavioral and emotional precipitants of binge eating, with an established cognitive‐behavioral guided self‐help (CBTgsh) treatment using standard and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) outcome measures.MethodA total of 112 participants were randomized to 17 weeks of treatment (21 sessions for ICAT‐BED and 10 sessions for CBTgsh). Binge‐eating frequency was assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) as well as EMA using cell phone‐based real‐time, naturalistic assessment at end of treatment (EOT) and 6‐month follow‐up. Hypothesized maintenance mechanisms were assessed using self‐report questionnaires.ResultsBinge‐eating frequency as measured by the EDE and real‐time assessment showed significant reductions at EOT and follow‐up, with no significant differences between treatments. Hypothesized maintenance mechanisms, including emotion regulation, cognitive self‐discrepancy, self‐directed style, as well as measures of associated eating disorder psychopathology, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and negative affect, showed similar improvement at EOT and follow‐up with no differences between treatments. Abstinence rates at EOT (ICAT‐BED: 57.1%; CBTgsh: 42.9%) and 6‐month follow‐up (ICAT‐BED: 46.4%; CBTgsh: 42.9%) were not significantly different. Treatment retention was significantly higher for ICAT‐BED (87.5%) than CBTgsh (71.4%).DiscussionThese findings suggest that ICAT‐BED and CBTgsh were associated with similar improvements in binge eating, psychopathology, and putative maintenance mechanisms as measured by traditional self‐report and momentary, naturalistic assessments and that these changes were generally sustained at 6‐month follow‐up.
LIPS method for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies to spike and nucleocapsid proteins
Authors: Haljasmägi Liis , Remm Anu , Rumm Anna Pauliina , Krassohhina Ekaterina , Sein Hanna , Tamm Anu , Kisand Kai , Peterson Pärt 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProfiling antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 can help to assess potential immune response after COVID‐19 disease. Luciferase IP system (LIPS) assay is a sensitive method for quantitative detection of antibodies to antigens in their native conformation. We here describe LIPS to detect antibody responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins in COVID‐19 patients. The antibodies targeted both S and N fragments and gave a high assay sensitivity by identifying 26 out of 26 COVID‐19 patients with N antigen or with three protein fragments when combined into a single reaction. The assay correlated well with ELISA method and was specific to COVID‐19 as we saw no reactivity among uninfected healthy controls. Our results show that LIPS is a rapid and measurable method to screen antibody responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens.
Tunable active inductor based VCO and BPF in a single integrated design for wireless applications in 90 nm CMOS process
Authors: Faruqe Omar , Lim Aniqa Ibnat , Amin Md Tawfiq 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a tunable active inductor (AI)‐based voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) andbandpass filters (BPF) on a single integrated design in 90 nm CMOS process for wireless applications. By exploiting component sharing technique through single pole double throws switching method, a common AI is shared between VCO and BPFs. As the passive inductor is replaced by the AI and shared, silicon area consumption is significantly reduced. Transforming the inductor in tunable mode benefits to eliminate MOS varactors for tuning purposes; one step forward to reduce silicon area consumption. Operating as VCO, its frequency ranges from 1.93 to 6.22 GHz (tuning scope is 105%) for tuning voltage of 0.2 ∼ 1 V. The DC power consumption varies from 1.83 to 3.84 mW, and differential output power is 3.39 to − 2.99 dBm. The phase noise varies from − 81.32 to − 76.89 dBc/Hz, and the figure of merit has a value of − 148.74 dBc/Hz at 5.03 GHz frequency. While acting as BPF, two approaches of center frequency tuning are applied. The voltage tuning yields center frequency of 8.43 ∼ 7.08 GHz along with the maximum gain of 10.29 dB at 7.81 GHz. The capacitive tuning outputs frequency tuning of 7.64 ∼ 7.06 GHz. The BPF consumes DC power of 2.56 to 2.27 mW (voltage tuning) and 2.40 mW (capacitive tuning). The proposed design occupies a layout area of 1215.6 μm2. All the simulations have been performed considering parasitic elements evolved from the extraction of layout. Finally, a quantitative comparison and justification of the proposed design are made with respect to other published works.
Development of an efficient wetting and drying treatment for shallow‐water modeling using the quadrature‐free Runge‐Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Li Longxiang , Zhang Qinghe 
Published: June 2020

SummaryTo develop a robust, well‐balanced and quadrature‐free Runge‐Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) shallow water solver, we introduce an efficient wetting and drying (WD) treatment in this paper. The main feature of this WD treatment is the use of vertex‐based linear reconstructed solutions in transition (partially wet) regions and high‐order solutions in smooth wet areas. To preserve the positivity of water depth, we also propose a modified time step size with the quadrature‐free scheme. The advantages of the WD treatment include robustness and the capability to address arbitrary high‐order RKDG methods in wet regions, thus making the quadrature‐free scheme more accurate and applicable to various flooding and drying problems. Two numerical test cases are used to validate the numerical method, and the results indicate that the WD method is accurate and robust for different flow regimes with dry areas.
Thermal convection of fluid‐saturated granular medium in acoustic field
Authors: Sorokin Konstantin E. , Perepechko Yuri V. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis article presents the results of numerical analysis of acoustic impact generated by small finite source on heat and mass transfer of fluid‐saturated granular medium in a cavity heated from below. Thermodynamically consistent model of two‐phase medium is obtained by the method of conservation laws suggesting no equilibrium in pressure between the phases. The transition from diffusive to convective regime of heat and mass transfer in fluid‐saturated granular medium as a consequence of acoustic impact is shown. Effect of source frequency and initial flow pattern on the intensity of convective instability and configuration of dissipative structure is studied. Formation of stable and symmetric convective structure by choosing the source frequency is illustrated.
Genome‐Wide Association Study of Liver Fat: The Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study
Authors: Park S. Lani , Li Yuqing , Sheng Xin , Hom Victor , Xia Lucy , Zhao Kechen , Pooler Loreall , Setiawan V. Wendy , Lim Unhee , Monroe Kristine R. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Kristal Bruce S. , Lampe Johanna W. , Hullar Meredith , Shepherd John , Loo Lenora L. M. , Ernst Thomas , Franke Adrian A. , Tiirikainen Maarit , Haiman Christopher A. , Stram Daniel O. , Le Marchand Loïc , Cheng Iona 
Published: June 2020

The global rise in fatty liver is a major public health problem. Thus, it is critical to identify both global and population‐specific genetic variants associated with liver fat. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of percent liver fat and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in 1,709 participants from the population‐based Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study. Our participants comprised older adults of five U.S. racial/ethnic groups: African Americans (n = 277), Japanese Americans (n = 424), Latinos (n = 348), Native Hawaiians (n = 274), and European Americans (n = 386). The established missense risk variant rs738409 located in patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) at 22q13 was confirmed to be associated with percent liver fat (P = 3.52 × 10−15) but more strongly in women than men (P heterogeneity = 0.002). Its frequency correlated with the prevalence of NAFLD across the five ethnic/racial groups. Rs738409 was also associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) (beta = 0.028; P = 0.009) and circulating levels of insulin (beta = 0.022; P = 0.020) and alanine aminotransferase (beta = 0.016; P = 0.030). A novel association of percent liver fat with rs77249491 (located at 6q13 between limb region 1 domain containing 1 [LMBRD1] and collagen type XIX alpha 1 chain [COL19A1] (P = 1.42 × 10−8) was also observed. Rs7724941 was associated with HOMA‐IR (beta = 0.12; P = 0.0005), insulin (beta = 0.11; P = 0.0003), triglycerides (beta = 0.059; P = 0.01), high‐density lipoprotein (beta = −0.046; P = 0.04), and sex hormone binding globulin (beta = −0.084; P = 0.0012). This variant was present in Japanese Americans (minor allele frequency [MAF], 8%) and Native Hawaiians (MAF, 2%). Conclusion: We replicated the PNPLA3 rs738409 association in a multiethnic population and identified a novel liver fat risk variant in Japanese Americans and Native Hawaiians. GWASes of percent liver fat in East Asian and Oceanic populations are needed to replicate the rs77249491 association.
Neurobiological successor features for spatial navigation
Authors: de Cothi William , Barry Caswell 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe hippocampus has long been observed to encode a representation of an animal's position in space. Recent evidence suggests that the nature of this representation is somewhat predictive and can be modeled by learning a successor representation (SR) between distinct positions in an environment. However, this discretization of space is subjective making it difficult to formulate predictions about how some environmental manipulations should impact the hippocampal representation. Here, we present a model of place and grid cell firing as a consequence of learning a SR from a basis set of known neurobiological features—boundary vector cells (BVCs). The model describes place cell firing as the successor features of the SR, with grid cells forming a low‐dimensional representation of these successor features. We show that the place and grid cells generated using the BVC‐SR model provide a good account of biological data for a variety of environmental manipulations, including dimensional stretches, barrier insertions, and the influence of environmental geometry on the hippocampal representation of space.
Efficacy of interventions to improve psychological adjustment for parents of infants with or at risk of neurodevelopmental disability: A systematic review
Authors: Dickinson Corrine , Whittingham Koa , Sheffield Jeanie , Wotherspoon Jane , Boyd Roslyn N 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundSupportive and targeted interventions for families are required to optimize parental adjustment and the parent–infant relationship in line with earlier diagnosis of neurodevelopmental risk for infants.AimsThe purpose of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of interventions in improving psychological adjustment and well‐being for parents who have an infant diagnosed with or at risk of neurodevelopmental disability.MethodsThe Cochrane Review Group search strategy was followed with search of The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase between July and December 2017. Methodological quality of included articles was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale by two independent reviewers.ResultsTwelve studies met the inclusion criteria. A small number of high‐quality trials demonstrated moderate to large effectiveness of reducing adverse parent psychological symptoms of trauma and stress. Significant improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms emerged at longer‐term (6 months to 8 years) follow‐up postinterventions.ConclusionsThere is promising support for the effectiveness of some interventions to reduce maladaptive psychological symptoms in parents with infants diagnosed at risk of neurodevelopmental disability. Further quality RCTs of psychological interventions addressing broader neurodevelopmental risk conditions for infants are required.
Effectiveness of an attachment‐based intervention for the assessment of parenting capacities in maltreating families: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: van der Asdonk Sabine , de Haan Whitney D. , van Berkel Sheila R. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Rippe Ralph C. A. , Schuengel Carlo , Kuiper Chris , Lindauer Ramon J. L. , Overbeek Mathilde , Alink Lenneke R. A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTEven though Parenting Capacity Assessments (PCAs) are essential for child protection services to support placement decisions for maltreating families, presently no evidence‐based PCA protocols are available. In this randomized controlled trial, we tested the quality of an attachment‐based PCA protocol based on Video‐feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP‐SD). We recruited 56 parent‐child dyads (Mage children = 3.48 years) in Dutch family residential clinics that conduct PCAs to support placement decisions. After pretest, families were randomized to receive the Regular Assessment Procedure (RAP) (n = 28), or an additional assessment based on VIPP‐SD (n = 28). An immediate post‐test and a 10‐month follow‐up were conducted. Multilevel models showed that therapists felt equally confident about their recommendations regarding child placement for both groups and that they equally often modified their initial placement recommendations. Moreover, children in the VIPP‐SD group did not show fewer behavior problems and did not experience recurring child maltreatment less often than children in the RAP group. Thus, we found no evidence that PCAs incorporating the VIPP‐SD protocol outperformed PCAs as usual. We discuss possible explanations why in the current study VIPP‐SD did not seem to add to the quality of the RAP.
CircPDE4B inhibits retinal pathological angiogenesis via promoting degradation of HIF‐1α though targeting miR‐181c
Authors: Deng Yan , Li Shurong , Li Shuanglian , Yu Chunhong , Huang Dan , Chen Hongping , Yin Xiaolong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRetinopathy of prematurity is a major cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Hence, exploring the proper treatment methods is a must in tacking this disease. qRT‐PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of genes and proteins, respectively. The proliferation of human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRECs) was ensured by MTT assay. The luciferase activity was measured through luciferase assay. The inverted phase‐contrast light microscope was used to observe the formation of a vascular tube. In the present study, our data demonstrated that circPDE4B was downregulated, while hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and VEGFA were upregulated in the retinopathy of prematurity model in vitro and in vivo. CircPDE4B increasing remarkably inhibited the expression of HIF‐1α and VEGFA in hypoxia‐induced HRECs and subsequent repressed cell proliferation and pathological angiogenesis. We further found that miR‐181c suppressed the expression of von Hippel–Lindau (VHL), while circPDE4B could promote VHL expression via binding to miR‐181c. Finally, our results revealed that circPDE4B inhibited the expression of VEGFA and pathological angiogenesis via facilitating VHL‐mediated ubiquitin degradation of HIF‐1α. In conclusion, circPDE4B suppressed the expression of VEGFA and pathological angiogenesis via promoting VHL‐mediated ubiquitin degradation of HIF‐1α through binding to miR‐181c. Our study indicated that circPDE4B might be an effective therapeutic target of retinopathy of prematurity.