bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commissioning of a 1.5T Elekta Unity MR‐linac: A single institution experience
Authors: Snyder Jeffrey E. , St‐Aubin Joël , Yaddanapudi Sridhar , Boczkowski Amanda , Dunkerley David A.P. , Graves Stephen A. , Hyer Daniel E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMR image‐guided radiotherapy has the potential to improve patient care, but integration of an MRI scanner with a linear accelerator adds complexity to the commissioning process. This work describes a single institution experience of commissioning an Elekta Unity MR‐linac, including mechanical testing, MRI scanner commissioning, and dosimetric validation. Mechanical testing included multileaf collimator (MLC) positional accuracy, measurement of radiation isocenter diameter, and MR‐to‐MV coincidence. Key MRI tests included magnetic field homogeneity, geometric accuracy, image quality, and the accuracy of navigator‐triggered imaging for motion management. Dosimetric validation consisted of comparison between measured and calculated PDDs and profiles, IMRT measurements, and end‐to‐end testing. Multileaf collimator positional accuracy was within 1.0 mm, the measured radiation isocenter walkout was 0.20 mm, and the coincidence between MR and MV isocenter was 1.06 mm, which is accounted for in the treatment planning system (TPS). For a 350‐mm‐diameter spherical volume, the peak‐to‐peak deviation of the magnetic field homogeneity was 4.44 ppm and the geometric distortion was 0.8 mm. All image quality metrics were within ACR recommendations. Navigator‐triggered images showed a maximum deviation of 0.42, 0.75, and 3.0 mm in the target centroid location compared to the stationary target for a 20 mm motion at 10, 15, and 20 breaths per minute, respectively. TPS‐calculated PDDs and profiles showed excellent agreement with measurement. The gamma passing rate for IMRT plans was 98.4 ± 1.1% (3%/ 2 mm) and end‐to‐end testing of adapted plans showed agreement within 0.4% between ion‐chamber measurement and TPS calculation. All credentialing criteria were satisfied in an independent end‐to‐end test using an IROC MRgRT phantom.
Prolonged confusional state as first manifestation of COVID‐19
Authors: Butt Isabel , Sawlani Vijay , Geberhiwot Tarekegn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 77‐year‐old gentleman, normally fit and well, was admitted with acute confusion. On admission, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 14/15, vital signs were within the normal limits and bilateral crepitation at the lung base. Head CT scan was normal. CXR showed some air space opacification. Investigations revealed hyponatraemia, raised CRP, and positive for COVID‐19. Treated with antibiotics and intravenous saline, sodium returned to normal. Delirium remained unchanged 4 weeks post‐incidence. Neurological manifestations were documented in patients with COVID‐19; however no report has shown delirium as a primary manifestation. This case illustrates acute confusion may be the only presenting symptom of COVID‐19 without overt lung disease.
Preeclampsia Risk Prediction Model for Chinese Pregnant Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Jiang Meng , Wang You , Fu Qiong , Lin Sihan , Wu Jiayue , Di Wen 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo screen for a high risk of preeclampsia in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsA total of 513 antenatal care records of pregnant patients with SLE were obtained, and the data were randomly assigned to either a development set (n = 342) or a validation set (n = 171). Preeclampsia predictors were identified with stepwise regression, and a coefficient B of each variable was used to establish a prediction model and risk scoring system. Goodness‐of‐fit was assessed by the Hosmer‐Lemeshow and Omnibus tests, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (area under the curve) was used to assess discrimination. Validation was performed using the validation set.ResultsThe preeclampsia incidence was 14.4% in the pregnant patients with SLE. A mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥96.5 mm Hg (odds ratio [OR] 213.15 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 24.39–999.99]), prepregnancy hypertension (OR 18.19 [95% CI 2.67–125.01]), a hematologic disorder (OR 4.13 [95% CI 1.03–16.67]), positive IgM anticardiolipin antibodies (aCLs) (OR 19.85 [95% CI 1.11–333.33]), serum albumin <31.5 grams/liter (OR 9.88 [95% CI 2.07–47.62]), serum uric acid ≥303 μmoles/liter (OR 5.58 [95% CI 1.40–22.22]), and 24‐hour urinary protein ≥0.286 grams (OR 14.39 [95% CI 2.43–83.33]) were selected for the preeclampsia prediction model. The area under the curve was 0.975. Preeclampsia prediction model scores >4 indicated a high risk of preeclampsia. For the validation set, the preeclampsia prediction accuracy was 93.6% (sensitivity 88.5%, specificity 94.5%).ConclusionA model for predicting the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant patients with SLE was established on the basis of MAP, prepregnancy hypertension, hematologic disorders, IgM aCLs, albumin, uric acid, and 24‐hour urinary protein. The model had good predictive efficiency and can help clinicians improve pregnancy outcomes in high‐risk women with early interventions.
Pseudocapacitive Trimetal Fe0.8CoMnO4 Nanoparticles@Carbon Nanofibers as High‐Performance Sodium Storage Anode with Self‐Supported Mechanism
Authors: Wu Lijun , Yang Jinyu Ou , Guo Shoujie , Yao Liangxian , Li Hao , Zhang Shixing , Yue Hongwei , Cai Kun , Zhang Chao , Yang Changchun , Cao Yuliang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTrimetal Fe0.8CoMnO4 (FCMO) nanocrystals with a diameter of about 50 nm perfectly embedded in N doped‐carbon composite nanofibers (denoted as FCMO@C) are successfully prepared through integrating double‐nozzle electrospinning with a drying and calcination process. The as‐prepared FCMO@C nanofibers maintain a high reversible capacity of 420 mAh g−1 and about 90% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. For a long‐term cycle, the FCMO@C electrode exhibits excellent cycling stability (87% high capacity retention at 1 A g−1 after 950 cycles). Kinetic analysis demonstrates that the electrochemical characteristics of the FCMO@C corresponds to the pseudocapacitive approach in charge storage as an anode for sodium ion batteries, which dominantly attributes the credit to FCMO nanocrystals to shorten the migration distance of Na+ ions and the nitrogen‐doped carbon skeleton to enhance the electronic transmission and favorably depress the volume expansion during the repeated insertion/extraction of Na+ ions. More significantly, a self‐supported mechanism via continuous electrochemical redox reaction of Fe, Co, and Mn can effectively relieve the volume change during charge and discharge. Therefore, this work can provide a new avenue to improve the sodium storage performance of the oxide anode materials.
Layered Silicon‐Based Nanosheets as Electrode for 4 V High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Gao Runsheng , Tang Jie , Yu Xiaoliang , Lin Shiqi , Zhang Kun , Qin Lu‐Chang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSilicon‐based materials have shown great potential and been widely studied in various fields. Unlike its unparalleled theoretical capacity as anodes for batteries, few investigations have been reported on silicon‐based materials for applications in supercapacitors. Here, an electrode composed of layered silicon‐based nanosheets, obtained through oxidation and exfoliation, for a supercapacitor operated up to 4 V is reported. These silicon‐based nanosheets show an areal specific capacitance of 4.43 mF cm−2 at 10 mV s−1 while still retaining a specific capacitance of 834 µF cm−2 even at an ultrahigh scan rate of 50 000 mV s−1. The volumetric energy and power density of the supercapacitor are 7.65 mWh cm−3 and 9312 mW cm−3, respectively, and the electrode can operate for 12000 cycles in a potential window of 4 V at 2 A g−1, while retaining 90.6% capacitance. These results indicate that the silicon‐based nanosheets can be a competitive candidate as the supercapacitor electrode material.
Lithium Loaded Octa‐Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Based Adhesive Facilitates Axon Regeneration and Reconnection of Transected Peripheral Nerves
Authors: Bu Yazhong , Wang Xianghai , Li Lixia , Hu Xiaofang , Tan Dandan , Li Zhenlin , Lai Muhua , Qiu Xiaozhong , Sun Feifei , Wang Hufei , Yang Fei , Wu Decheng , Guo Jiasong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAt present, reconnecting the transected nerve in clinic is still mainly reliant on surgery suture. This is a procedure that requires thorough training and is also time consuming. Here, an octa‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based adhesive for fast reconnecting of the transected peripheral nerve is reported. To enhance the therapeutic efficacy, a succinyl unit is applied to endow the controllably dissolvable property of the adhesive, and lithium is loaded in the adhesive to improve the axonal regeneration. Present data reveal that this adhesive possesses good cytocompatibility and can significantly shorten the reconnecting time of the transected nerve ends compared to that required for suture surgery. Histology, electrophysiological, and behavior assessments indicate that the adhesive reconnected nerves exhibit a low grade of fibrosis, inflammation response, and myoatrophy as well as robust axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Together, these results indicate that this octa‐PEG adhesive can act as an alternative to traditional nerve suture in peripheral nerve injury.
Ferroelectric Sr3Sn2O7:Nd3+: A New Multipiezo Material with Ultrasensitive and Sustainable Near‐Infrared Piezoluminescence
Authors: Tu Dong , Xu Chao‐Nan , Kamimura Sunao , Horibe Yoichi , Oshiro Hirotaka , Zhang Lu , Ishii Yoshiharu , Hyodo Koji , Marriott Gerard , Ueno Naohiro , Zheng Xu‐Guang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUltrasensitive and sustainable near‐infrared (NIR)‐emitting piezoluminescence is observed from noncentrosymmetric and ferroelectric‐phase Sr3Sn2O7 doped with rare earth Nd3+ ions. Sr3Sn2O7:Nd3+ (SSN) with polar A21am structure is demonstrated to emit piezoluminescence of wavelength of 800–1500 nm at microstrain levels, which is enhanced by the ferroelectrically polarized charges in the multipiezo material. These discoveries provide new research opportunities to study luminescence properties of multipiezo and piezo‐photonic materials, and to explore their potential as novel ultrasensitive probes for deep‐imaging of stress distributions in diverse materials and structures including artificial bone and other implanted structures (in vivo, in situ, etc).
Strategies for High‐Performance Solid‐State Triplet–Triplet‐Annihilation‐Based Photon Upconversion
Authors: Lin Ting‐An , Perkinson Collin F. , Baldo Marc A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhoton upconversion via triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) has achieved high efficiencies in solution and within polymer matrices that support molecular migration systems. It has diverse potential applications including bioimaging, optical sensors, and photovoltaics. To date, however, the reported performance of TTA in rigid solid‐state systems is substantially inferior, which may complicate the integration of TTA in other solid‐state devices. Here, solid‐state loss mechanisms in a green‐to‐blue upconversion system are investigated, and three specific losses are identified: energy back transfer, sensitizer aggregation, and triplet–charge annihilation. Strategies are demonstrated to mitigate energy back transfer and sensitizer aggregation, and a completely dry‐processed solid‐state TTA upconversion system having an upconversion efficiency of ≈2.5% (by the convention of maximum efficiency being 100%) at a relatively low excitation intensity of 238 mW cm−2 is reported. This device is the first demonstration of dry‐processed solid‐state TTA comparable to solution‐processed solid‐state systems. The strategies reported here can be generalized to other upconversion systems and offer a route to achieving higher‐performance solid‐state TTA upconversion devices that are compatible with applications sensitive to solvent damage.
A Bottom‐Up Strategy for the Synthesis of Highly Siliceous Faujasite‐Type Zeolite
Authors: Zhu Dali , Wang Linying , Fan Dong , Yan Nana , Huang Shengjun , Xu Shutao , Guo Peng , Yang Miao , Zhang Jianming , Tian Peng , Liu Zhongmin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh‐silica zeolite Y is a desired catalytic material for oil refining and the petrochemical industry. However, its direct synthesis remains a symbolic challenge in the field of zeolite synthesis, with a limited improvement of the framework SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (SAR) from ≈5 to 9 over the past 60 years. Here, the synthesis of highly siliceous zeolite Y with tunable SAR up to 15.6 through a cooperative strategy is reported, which involves the use of FAU nuclei, a bulky organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA), and a gel system with low alkalinity (named NOA‐co strategy). A series of quaternary alkylammonium ions is discovered as effective OSDAs based on the NOA‐co strategy, and the relevant crystallization mechanism is elucidated. Moreover, the high‐silica products are demonstrated to have greatly improved (hydro)thermal stability, high concentration of strong acid sites, and uniform acid distribution, which lead to superior catalytic performance in the cracking of bulky hydrocarbons. It is anticipated that this synthetic strategy will benefit the synthesis and development of zeolitic catalysts in a wide range of reaction processes.
Bioinspired Soft Microrobots with Precise Magneto‐Collective Control for Microvascular Thrombolysis
Authors: Xie Meihua , Zhang Wei , Fan Chengying , Wu Chu , Feng Qishuai , Wu Jiaojiao , Li Yingze , Gao Rui , Li Zhenguang , Wang Qigang , Cheng Yu , He Bin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNew‐era soft microrobots for biomedical applications need to mimic the essential structures and collective functions of creatures from nature. Biocompatible interfaces, intelligent functionalities, and precise locomotion control in a collective manner are the key parameters to design soft microrobots for the complex bio‐environment. In this work, a biomimetic magnetic microrobot (BMM) inspired by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) with speedy motion response and accurate positioning is developed for targeted thrombolysis. Similar to the magnetosome structure in MTB, the BMM is composed of aligned iron oxide nanoparticle (MNP) chains embedded in a non‐swelling microgel shell. Linear chains in BMMs are achieved due to the interparticle dipolar interactions of MNPs under a static magnetic field. Simulation results show that, the degree and speed of assembly is proportional to the field strength. The BMM achieves the maximum speed of 161.7 µm s−1 and accurate positioning control under a rotating magnetic field with less than 4% deviation. Importantly, the locomotion analyses of BMMs demonstrate the frequency‐dependent synchronization under 8 Hz and asynchronization at higher frequencies due to the increased drag torque. The BMMs can deliver and release thrombolytic drugs via magneto‐collective control, which is promising for ultra‐minimal invasive thrombolysis.
Bismuth Oxychalcogenide Nanosheet: Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Photodetector Application
Authors: Li Meng‐Qiu , Dang Le‐Yang , Wang Gui‐Gen , Li Fei , Han Mao , Wu Zhi‐Peng , Li Gui‐Zhong , Liu Zheng , Han Jie‐Cai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNew 2D bismuth oxychalcogenide nanosheets have excellent theoretical properties such as high electronic mobility and excellent oxidation resistance, which have good application prospective for optoelectronic devices. In this paper, during the synthesis process via mild hydrothermal route, ammonium bismuth citrate (C6H13BiN2O7·H2O) is selected as Bi source. Both Bi2O2S and Bi2O2Se nanosheets (lateral size: over 2.0 µm, thickness: ≈ 5.0 nm) are synthesized successfully using thiourea (CH4N2S) as S source, and sodium selenite (Na2O3Se) as Se source, respectively. The as‐synthesized Bi2O2S and Bi2O2Se materials have desirable nanosheet‐like morphologies. After adding C6H13BiN2O7·H2O, [(NH3)2C6H7O7]3‐ can intercalate between the interlayers of Bi2O2S or Bi2O2Se, limiting the growth along c‐axis direction, so that 2D sheets can be obtained. Finally, the photodetectors are fabricated based on Bi2O2S and Bi2O2Se films coated by thermal spraying. The experimental results show that the maximum responsivity and detectivity of Bi2O2S‐based photodetector are 0.059 A W‐1 and 6.77 × 109 Jones, respectively. As to Bi2O2Se‐based photodetector, the maximum responsivity and detectivity can reach 75.14 A W‐1 and 3.95 × 1012 Jones, respectively. The mild hydrothermal synthesis using ammonium bismuth citrate as Bi source is a universal and facile method to obtain Bi2O2S and Bi2O2Se nanosheets for optoelectronic applications.
Efficient Trap Passivation of MAPbI3 via Multifunctional Anchoring for High‐Performance and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Garai Rabindranath , Afroz Mohammad Adil , Gupta Ritesh Kant , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChemical passivation of ionic defects in perovskite materials is an effective strategy to reduce charge recombination in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Although several additives have been used for this purpose, the passivation mechanisms of different functional groups have remained unclear. Herein, the effect of molecules possessing multiple functional anchoring is systematically investigated. Three different multifunctional molecules namely 5‐aminoisophthalic acid (AIA), 5‐hydroxyisophthalic acid (HIA), and chelidamic acid (CA) are strategically chosen. These molecules not only take part in the crystallization process but also passivate the trap states effectively. CA shows superior passivation capacity among all with a better dipolar electron density distribution. The passivated films have considerably improved morphology with fewer pin holes, larger grains, and lower trap states in comparison to the pristine film. CA‐passivated p–i–n structured photovoltaic devices demonstrate the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.06% with an impressive open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.097 V, whereas pristine devices show a PCE of 13.60% and VOC of 0.972 V. Moreover, the modified device reveals notable thermal and ambient stability in comparison to the pristine device due to lower defect states and reduced ion migration.
Shaping Nanoparticles for Interface Catalysis: Concave Hollow Spheres via Deflation–Inflation Asymmetric Growth
Authors: Yu Rongtai , Huang Xiaodan , Liu Yang , Kong Yueqi , Gu Zhengying , Yang Yang , Wang Yue , Ban Wenhuang , Song Hao , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHollow spheres are charming objects in nature. In this work, an unexpected deflation–inflation asymmetric growth (DIAG) strategy is reported, generating hollow nanoparticles with tailored concave geometry for interface catalysis. Starting from aminophenol‐formaldehyde (APF) nanospheres where the interior crosslinking degree is low, fully deflated nanobowls are obtained after etching by acetone. Due to APF etching and repolymerization reactions occuring asymmetrically within a single particle, an autonomous inflation process is observed similar to a deflated basketball that inflates back to a “normal” ball, which is rare at the nanoscale. A nucleophilic addition reaction between acetone and APF is elucidated to explain the chemistry origin of the DIAG process. Interestingly, the deflated APF hollow spheres enable preferential immobilization of lipase in the concave domain, which facilitates the stabilization of Pickering emulsion droplets for enhanced enzymatic catalysis at the oil–water interface. The study provides new understandings in the designable synthesis of hollow nanoparticles and paves the way toward a wide range of applications of asymmetric architectures.
The Application of a High‐κ Polymer Dielectric in Graphene Transistors
Authors: Wen Jiamin , Yan Chengyuan , Sun Zhenhua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe high‐κ polymer P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE) is applied in the dielectric layer of a thin film transistor based on graphene, inducing a considerable overall performance improvement compared with conventional SiO2 or ordinary polymer PMMA dielectrics. A systematical study reveals the reason for this improvement to be the strong screening effect on the Coulomb scattering in the dielectric‐semiconductor interface, which originates from the high‐κ value of P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE). This positive effect is dominant enough to compensate for the adverse effects induced by the application of P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE), including the large surface roughness and strong phonon scattering. A prototype transistor fabricated on a plastic substrate shows similar superior performance and sustainability upon bending operation, testifying the adaptability of P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE) in a flexible graphene transistor. This study proposes a high‐κ polymer dielectric that is valid for high‐performing transistors based on 2D semiconductor materials.
Elastic, Conductive Coating Layer for Self‐Standing Sulfur Cathode Achieving Long Lifespan Li–S Batteries
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Wang Dongya , Wang Guiyou , Zheng Mengyao , Wang Gengchao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe shuttle of polysulfide and severe volume change of sulfur cathodes, are the bottlenecks in the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries, and need to be solved through further exploration of simple and scalable strategies. Herein, an elastic and conductive coating layer is designed and synthesized, by combining water soluble conducting polymer modified carbon nanotubes (PASANTs) with crosslinked waterborne polyurethane (cWPU). It shows high electronic conductivity and excellent resilience. As a result, a lithium–sulfur battery with cWPU/PASANTs coated cathode is able to achieve an outstanding cycle stability with a capacity of 70.8% after 500 cycles at 0.5C and an excellent rate performance (specific capacity of 1130 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and maintain 68.2% at 2C). This work embodies a systematic design concept, which shows the application prospects of large‐scale production, and is expected to be further applied to other easily pulverized high‐specific‐capacity materials such as silicon and tin.
Hexacyanoferrate‐Type Prussian Blue Analogs: Principles and Advances Toward High‐Performance Sodium and Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Aijun , Cheng Weijie , Wang Wei , Zhao Qiang , Xie Jian , Zhang Wuxing , Gao Hongcai , Xue Leigang , Li Jingze 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNa‐ion batteries (NIBs) and K‐ion batteries (KIBs) are promising candidates for next‐generation electric energy storage applications due to their low costs and appreciable energy/power density compared to Li‐ion batteries. In the search for viable electrode materials for NIBs and KIBs, Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) with inherent rigid and open frameworks and large interstitial voids have shown an impressive ability to accommodate big alkali‐metal ions without structure collapse. In particular, hexacyanoferrates (HCFs) utilizing abundant Fe(CN)6 resources are the most interesting subgroup of PBAs, being able to deliver a specific capacity of 70–170 mAh g‒1 and a voltage of 2.5‒3.8 V in NIBs/KIBs. In this Review, a comprehensive discussion of the HCF‐type cathode materials in terms of their structural features, redox mechanisms, synthesis control, and modification strategies based on research advances over the last ten years. The methodologies and achievements in improving the material properties of HCFs including the compositional stoichiometry, crystal water, crystallinity, morphology, and electrical conductivity are outlined, with the aim to promote understanding of these materials and provide new insights into future design of PBAs for advanced rechargeable batteries.