bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods for Investigating Corneal Cell Interactions and Extracellular Vesicles In Vitro
Authors: McKay Tina B. , Guo Xiaoqing , Hutcheon Audrey E. K. , Karamichos Dimitrios , Ciolino Joseph B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScience and medicine have become increasingly “human‐centric” over the years. A growing shift away from the use of animals in basic research has led to the development of sophisticated in vitro models of various tissues utilizing human‐derived cells to study physiology and disease. The human cornea has likewise been modeled in vitro using primary cells derived from corneas obtained from cadavers or post‐transplantation. By utilizing a cell's intrinsic ability to maintain its tissue phenotype in a pre‐designed microenvironment containing the required growth factors, physiological temperature, and humidity, tissue‐engineered corneas can be grown and maintained in culture for relatively long periods of time on the scale of weeks to months. Due to its transparency and avascularity, the cornea is an optimal tissue for studies of extracellular matrix and cell‐cell interactions, toxicology and permeability of drugs, and underlying mechanisms of scarring and tissue regeneration. This paper describes methods for the cultivation of corneal keratocytes, fibroblasts, epithelial, and endothelial cells for in vitro applications. We also provide detailed, step‐by‐step protocols for assembling and culturing 3D constructs of the corneal stroma, epithelial‐ and endothelial‐stromal co‐cultures and isolation of extracellular vesicles. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Isolating and culturing human corneal keratocytes and fibroblastsBasic Protocol 2: Isolating and culturing human corneal epithelial cellsBasic Protocol 3: Isolating and culturing human corneal endothelial cellsBasic Protocol 4: 3D corneal stromal construct assemblyBasic Protocol 5: 3D corneal epithelial‐stromal construct assemblyBasic Protocol 6: 3D corneal endothelial‐stromal construct assemblyBasic Protocol 7: Isolating extracellular vesicles from corneal cell conditioned mediumSupport Protocol: Cryopreserving human corneal fibroblasts, corneal epithelial cells, and corneal endothelial cells
Detection of Copper(II) in Water by Methylene Blue Derivatives
Authors: Ciarrocchi Carlo , Tumino Adriana , Sacchi Donatella , Orbelli Biroli Alessio , Licchelli Maurizio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo novel phenothiazin‐5‐ium derivatives bearing cyclam moieties (3 a+ and 3 b+) were synthesized and investigated as Cu2+ sensors. Both ligands show intense spectral changes in the presence of Cu2+ in aqueous solutions. The high molar extinction coefficient of the chromophore allows both naked eye detection and spectrophotometric quantitative determination of the cation at a micromolar‐concentration scale. 3 a+ was found to outperform 3 b+, showing negligible spectral changes in the presence of excesses of other metal cations.
Genetic and Environmental Effect on Volatile Composition of Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Authors: Serrano Alicia , de la Rosa Raúl , Sánchez‐Ortiz Araceli , León Lorenzo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral factors affect the volatile fraction of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). In this work, three advanced breeding selections and “Picual” cultivar are evaluated in comparative fields under different climatic conditions, to test and quantify the effect of genetic (G) and environmental (E) factors and their interaction (GxE). Significant differences between genotypes and environments are found for EVOO's volatile composition, except for C5/linoleic (LA) and terpenes. Genetic factor influences the volatile profile, mainly C6/linolenic (LnA) and C5/LnA compounds for which genotype represents up to 46% and 45.2% of the total variation, respectively. The environmental factor represents the 62% of the variation in total volatile content. On the contrary, significant GxE interaction is only found for C6/LA and esters. In qualitative terms, EVOOs from “Picual” and “IFAPA111‐2” differentiate from those of “IFAPA117‐117” and “IFAPA117‐120” genotypes due to their volatile profiles. In quantitative terms, EVOO from “IFAPA111‐2” genotype show the highest total volatile content.Practical Applications: The results reveal a qualitative and quantitative differentiation among olive genotypes regarding their EVOOs’ volatile fractions, demonstrating that breeding selections can be a suitable alternative for cultivar diversification in olive orchards and extend the commercial offer of EVOOs regarding to aroma characteristics.
Electrochemical Aptasensors for Biological and Chemical Analyte Detection
Authors: Nur Topkaya Seda , Cetin Arif E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAptamers are short length, single‐stranded DNA or RNA affinity molecules which interact with any desired targets such as biomarkers, cells, biological molecules, drugs or chemicals with high sensitivity. They have been extensively employed for medical applications due to having more advantages than the antibodies such as easier preparation and modification, higher stability, lower batch‐to‐batch variability and cost. Moreover, aptamers can be easily integrated efficiently with sensors, biosensors, actuators and other devices. In this review article, different applications of aptamers for biological and chemical molecules detection within the scope of electrochemical methods were presented with recent studies. In addition, the present status and future perspectives for highly‐effective aptasensors for specific and selective analyte detection were discussed. As in stated throughout the review, combining of extraordinary properties of aptamers with the electrochemical‐based biosensors could have improved the sensitivity of the assay and reduced limit of detection.
Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex related to lactate switch in CHO cells
Authors: Möller Johannes , Bhat Krathika , Guhl Lotta , Pörtner Ralf , Jandt Uwe , Zeng An‐Ping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe metabolism of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines is typically characterized by high rates of aerobic glycolysis with increased lactate formation, known as the ”Warburg” effect. Although this metabolic state can switch to lactate consumption, the involved regulations of the central metabolism have only been partially studied so far. An important reaction transferring the lactate precursor, pyruvate, into the tricarboxylic acid cycle is the decarboxylation reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex (PDC). Among other mechanisms, PDC is mainly regulated by phosphorylation–dephosphorylation at the three sites Ser232, Ser293, and Ser300. In this work, the PDC phosphorylation in antibody‐producing CHO DP‐12 cell culture is investigated during the lactate switch. Batch cultivations were carried out with frequent sampling (every 6 h) during the transition from lactate formation to lactate uptake, and the PDC phosphorylation levels were quantified using a novel indirect flow cytometry protocol. Contrary to the expected activation of PDC (i.e., reduced PDC phosphorylation) during lactate consumption, Ser293 and Ser300 phosphorylation levels were 33% higher compared to the phase of glucose excess. At the same time, the relative phosphorylation level of Ser232 increased steadily throughout the cultivation (66% increase overall). The intracellular pyruvate was found to accumulate only during the period of high lactate production, while acetyl‐CoA showed nearly no accumulation. These results indicate a deactivation of PDC and reduced oxidative metabolism during lactate switch even though the cells undergo a metabolic transition to lactate‐based cell growth and metabolism. Overall, this study provides a unique view on the regulation of PDC during the lactate switch, which contributes to an improved understanding of PDC and its interaction with the bioprocess.
Child neurology services for children with epilepsy in Finland
Authors: Sillanpää Matti , Saarinen Maiju M. , Lähdesmäki Tuire 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to describe healthcare organization, training of and needs for child neurologists, patient accessibility to services, and treatment paths of children with epilepsy in Finland.MethodsData were collected from all geographic healthcare areas over Finland on training capacity in child neurology, number and density of child neurologists, and availability and accessibility of child neurological services. Data sources included the National Physician Register, Central Register of Healthcare Professionals of National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health, and phone and email inquiries to the heads of public healthcare units.ResultsThe overall density of child neurologists in Finland was 11.9/100 000 children aged 0‐15 years or 8402 children per child neurologist (in 2018). There is a remarkable geographic variation, from 7.1 in northern Finland to 15.6 in the metropolitan area. However, waiting times for the treatment are virtually the same all over the country. According to the Finnish current practice recommendation from the year 2013 and again 2020, children with any first nonfebrile or complicated febrile epileptic seizure are invariably admitted to hospital for evaluation. Children with simple febrile seizures are recommended to be treated as outpatients by general practitioners or by experienced pediatricians.SignificanceChild neurology services are today well provided and organized in Finland. While there is geographic variation in the number of child neurologists, the accessibility is virtually the same all over the country. A gap between the numbers of specialists at near‐to‐retire age and those in training is a challenge.
RNAi technology for management of banana bunchy top disease
Authors: Jekayinoluwa Temitope , Tripathi Leena , Tripathi Jaindra Nath , Ntui Valentine Otang , Obiero George , Muge Edward , Dale James 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBanana bunchy top disease (BBTD) is one of the world's most destructive viral diseases of banana and plantain, causing up to 100% yield loss in severe cases. The disease is vectored by banana aphids (Pentalonia nigronervosa) and carried long distances through the movement of infected plant materials. The banana aphids harboringbanana bunchy top virus(BBTV) present in banana producing regions are the sole vector and the most efficient method of transmitting the virus to the healthy plants. Controlling the spread of BBTD has been very challenging since no known banana germplasm is immune to BBTV. The disease can be managed with the use of virus‐free planting material and roguing. However, once BBTD is established in the field, it is very difficult to eradicate or manage it. Therefore, a more sustainable way of controlling the disease is developing host plant resistance against the virus and the vector. Biotechnological strategies via RNA interference (RNAi) could be used to target the banana aphid as well as BBTV to reduce virus‐associated yield losses of banana and plantain, which feed over 500 million people around the world. This review discusses the status of BBTD and perspectives on effective RNAi technologies for controlling BBTV and the vector, banana aphid, transmitting the virus as sustainable management of the disease.
Characterization of volatile compounds in Ylang‐Ylang essential oils from Comoros and Madagascar by gas chromatography and principal component analysis
Authors: Ng Felicia , Basri Nurhidayah , Wu Wenqin , Thong Aaron , Thong Germaine , Chew Wee , Dharmawan Jorry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChemical composition of ylang‐ylang essential oil is affected by the geographical origins of flowers used for extraction. This study aimed to determine the compositional difference between the extra, first and third grades of ylang‐ylang essential oil from Comoro Islands and Madagascar. The oils were characterized by both gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 124 volatile compounds were identified and quantified by GC‐MS and GC‐FID. Twenty‐two compounds that made up 85% to 90% of the oils were shortlisted to compare across grades and geographical origins. The PCA showed that the ylang‐ylang essential oils are clustered according to grade and origin based on their compositions. Analysis of variance was performed to determine the statistical significance of the differences between each compound across extra, first and third grades of ylang‐ylang essential oil from Madagascar and Comoros. The oils of Madagascar are dominating in geranyl acetate, cis‐α‐farnesene, benzyl benzoate, humulene and caryophyllene, while in those of Comoros, cinnamyl acetate, benzyl salicylate, trans‐farnesyl acetate and α‐farnesene are found to be higher. It is possible to verify the origin and grade of an unspecified source of ylang‐ylang essential oil from the biplot of the 22 compounds.
Consumers' attention on identification, nutritional compounds, and safety in heavy metals of Canadian sea cucumber in Chinese food market
Authors: Song Zhuoyue , Li Hailun , Wen Jing , Zeng Yeda , Ye Xianying , Zhao Weibo , Xu Tingting , Xu Nenggui , Zhang Danyan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBased on the consumers’ attention issues of sea cucumbers, we aimed to complete comprehensive information of commercial Canadian sea cucumbers (CCSC), which sprang up extensively in Chinese food market.ResultsCCSC were identified as Cucumaria frondosa and characterized based on the characteristics, nutritional compositions, and heavy metals. The abdomen and five internal tendons of Cucumaria frondosa were special orange. The average of soaking degree and water content, which consumers paid great attention to, was 2.8 ± 0.3 and 0.46 ± 0.09%, respectively. Proteins (56.4 ± 9.1%) and polysaccharides (12.2 ± 14.7%) were the principal nutrient component. In addition, there was a variety of free amino acids, in which arginine (70.1 ± 50.0 mg/100 g), glutamate (42.6 ± 23.9 mg/100 g), and alanine (32.2 ± 21.0 mg/100 g) were the main components. Phosphorus (P, 0.26 ± 0.05%), magnesium (Mg, 0.19 ± 0.07%), and kalium (K, 0.17 ± 0.08%) were the major mineral elements. Amount of heavy metal was within the safety limitation (5.5 ± 1.4 mg/kg). Furthermore, the active ingredients were positively correlated with size.ConclusionThe overall findings enriched the information of Cucumaria frondosa for consumers and suggested that the quality of Cucumaria frondosa was varied following commercial classification and size.
Fabrication of Hierarchical Indium Vanadate Materials for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Subramanian Balachandran , Veerappan Manimuthu , Rajan Karthikeyan , Chen Zheming , Hu Chengzhi , Wang Fei , Wang Feng , Yang Mingshu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTransition metal orthovanadates are emerging 2D materials for promising electrochemical energy storage applications. Facile hydrothermal method for nanocrystalline indium vanadate (InVO4) semiconducting materials’ fabrication is economical because of its direct chemical synthesis. X‐ray diffraction studies, field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoelectron X‐ray spectrum are used to describe the semiconductor materials as synthesized. InVO4 microspheres have attracted a lot of attention in the energy and environmental sector. These microsphere‐derived semiconductor materials are recognized to offer the advantages of their large surface area, tunable pore sizes, enhanced light absorption, efficient carrier (electron–hole) separation, superior electronic and optical behavior, and high durability. From the results of SEM and TEM, InVO4 shows a microsphere construction with a mixture of nanosized particles. Diffuse reflectance UV–visible measurements are used to determine the bandgap, and it is found to be 2.1 eV for InVO4. The electrochemical analysis reveals a superior performance of the pseudocapacitor with hydrothermally derived microspheres of InVO4. Alongside an improved pseudocapacity, developed after 4000 cycles, it has excellent cycling stability with a retention of ≈94% of its original specific capacitance efficiency.
Enhancement in the Detection Ability of Metal Oxide Sensors Using Defect‐Rich Polycrystalline Nanofiber Devices
Authors: Lai Chun‐Yen , Lin Yu‐Ting , Hsu Hung‐Kun , Wang Ding‐Yeong , Wu Wen‐Wei , Yeh Ping‐Hung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of SnO2 and TiO2 polycrystalline nanofiber devices (PNFDs) has been widely researched as a method of protecting humans from household air pollution. PNFDs have three significant advantages. The nanofibers before the annealing process are polymer‐rich materials, which can be used as particulate material (PM) filters. The multiporous nanofibers fabricated by the annealing process have numerous defects that can serve as generation‐recombination centers for electron–hole pairs, enabling the PNFDs to serve as multiple‐wavelength light (from 365 to 940 nm) detectors. Lastly, the numerous surface/interface defects can drastically enhance the toxic gas detection ability. The toxic gas detection range of PNFDs for CO(g) and NO(g) is from 400 to 50 ppm and 400 to 50 ppb, respectively. Quick response times and recovery properties are key parameters for commercial applications. The recovery time of NO(g) detection can be improved from 1 ks to 40 s and the PNFD operating temperature lowered to 50 °C. These results indicate that SnO2 and TiO2 PNFDs have good potential for commercialization and use as toxic gas and photon sensors in daily lives.
Health benefits of social insurance
Authors: Noghanibehambari Hamid , Salari Mahmoud 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the potential positive externality of unemployment insurance (UI) on infant birth outcomes. Taking advantage of variations of UI benefits across states and over time, we find that UI improves birth outcomes, including mean birth weight, full‐term birth weight, low birth weight, fetal growth, and preterm birth. If all states apply the UI schedule of the most generous state (Massachusetts), the average birth weight increases by roughly 19 g.
Cultural differences in infant spontaneous behaviour: Evidence from a small‐scale, rural island society
Authors: Aime Hilary , Rochat Philippe , Broesch Tanya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe examined infant activity level and attention in 45 eight‐month‐old infants (mean age 8.8, SD = 2.07) living in two diverse socio‐cultural contexts: rural island societies in the South Pacific and urban Western societies in North America. Infants and mothers were observed for 10 minutes in a face‐to‐face interaction and later coded for the frequency of infants' motor movements and gaze shifts. Results indicate that infants in urban North American societies produced more frequent motor movements and gaze shifts compared to infants in rural, island societies in Oceania. We interpret these discrepancies as reflecting differences in social experience, ecological niches as well as physiological experiences. These findings highlight the complex interplay of development and experience early in life.
Establishment of PDX‐derived salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines using organoid culture method
Authors: Takada Kentaro , Aizawa Yoshihiro , Sano Daisuke , Okuda Ryo , Sekine Keisuke , Ueno Yasuharu , Yamanaka Shoji , Aoyama Jun , Sato Kaname , Kuwahara Tatsu , Hatano Takashi , Takahashi Hideaki , Arai Yasuhiro , Nishimura Goshi , Taniguchi Hideki , Oridate Nobuhiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo generate a reliable preclinical model system exhibiting the molecular features of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) whose biology is still unclear due to the paucity of stable cell cultures. To develop new in vitro and in vivo models of ACC, the techniques of organoid culture and patient‐derived tumor xenograft (PDX), which have attracted attention in other malignancies in recent years, were applied. Tumor specimens from surgically resected salivary ACC were proceeded for the preparation of PDX and organoid culture. The orthotopic transplantation of patient‐derived or PDX‐derived organoids was demonstrated into submandibular glands of NSG mice and those histology was evaluated. PDX‐derived organoid cells were evaluated for the presence of MYB‐mediated fusion genes and proceeded for in vitro drug sensitivity assay. Human ACC‐derived organoids were successfully generated in three‐dimensional culture and confirmed the ability of these cells to form tumors by orthotopic injection. Short‐term organoid cell cultures from two individual ACC PDX tumors were also established that maintain the characteristic MYBL1 translocation and histological features of the original parent and PDX tumors. Finally, the establishment of drug sensitivity tests on these short‐term cultured cells was confirmed using three different agents. This is the first to report an approach for the generation of human ACC‐derived organoids as in vitro and in vivo cancer models, providing insights into understanding of the ACC biology and creating personalized therapy design for patients with ACC.
Polaprezinc for prevention of oral mucositis in patients receiving chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A multi‐institutional randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kitagawa Junichi , Kobayashi Ryo , Nagata Yasuyuki , Kasahara Senji , Ono Takaaki , Sawada Michio , Ohata Koichi , Kato‐Hayashi Hiroko , Hayashi Hideki , Shimizu Masahito , Itoh Yoshinori , Tsurumi Hisashi , Suzuki Akio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOral mucositis is a common and distressing complication in patients receiving high‐dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We reported previously in a single‐center retrospective analysis that zinc‐L‐carnosine (polaprezinc [PZ]) reduced the incidence of oral mucositis associated with HSCT. To verify the accuracy of the prophylactic effect of PZ against oral mucositis, we carried out a multi‐institutional prospective randomized controlled study. Patients were randomly allocated to either the prevention group, in which PZ lozenge treatment was started before chemotherapy, or the control group, in which administration of PZ lozenges was initiated immediately after the onset of Grade 2 oral mucositis. Oral mucositis was evaluated daily from the start of chemotherapy to 35 days after transplantation. A total of 91 patients were enrolled, and 88 patients (47 in the control group and 41 in the prevention group) were eligible for data analysis. The incidence of Grade ≥2 but not Grade ≥3 oral mucositis was significantly reduced in the prevention group compared to the control group (44.7% in control group vs 22.0% in the prevention group, P = .025). There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of other adverse events or the rate of engraftment (95.6% vs 97.2%, P = .693) between the two groups. These findings suggest that PZ lozenge is effective for prophylaxis against Grade ≥2 oral mucositis associated with chemotherapy in patients undergoing HSCT without any influence on the HSCT outcome.
Controlled Irrigation for Paddy Rice in China*
Authors: Dong Bin , Mao Zhi , Cui Yuanlai , Luo Yufeng , Li Yuanhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChina, as the world's largest rice producer, is committed to efficient water use in rice production. After nearly 40 years of continuous research and development, studies and investigations, China has developed a series of controlled irrigation technologies and models adapted to local conditions, showing promising results for efficient water use in paddy rice. At the same time, the spread of controlled irrigation technologies at a large scale has achieved the effect of saving water, increasing yield and improving water productivity. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.