bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Course of Illness after the Onset of Chronic Rejection in Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Song Mi-Kyung , De Vito Dabbs Annette , Studer Sean M. , Zangle Sarah E. 
Published: January 2020

Background Despite the overall negative impact of chronic rejection on quality of life and survival after lung transplant, the specific clinical indicators of deterioration have not been identified.
Objectives To describe the course of illness after the onset of chronic rejection, including demographic and transplant variables, morbidity, mortality, health resource utilization, and end-of-life care, and to identify clinical indicators of deterioration in health and limited survival after the onset of chronic rejection.
Methods The medical records of 311 recipients of lung transplants between 1998 and 2004 were reviewed retrospectively to identify 60 recipients who experienced chronic rejection.
Results Median survival after chronic rejection was 31.34 months. Time to rejection (mean, 26.05 months; SD, 16.85) was significantly correlated with overall survival without need of a retransplant (r = 0.64; P &lt; .001). The earlier the onset of chronic rejection or the need for oxygen at home, the shorter was the period of survival after chronic rejection and the more frequent were hospital and intensive care unit admissions and prolonged stays. Of the 26 recipients who died, 65% died at the transplant center, and all but 1 died in the intensive care unit; 3 died after multiple attempts of cardiopulmonary resuscitation; life support was ultimately withdrawn in 69%.
Conclusions Lung transplant recipients who experience chronic graft rejection have high rates of morbidity, mortality, and health resource utilization; however, the course of illness after chronic rejection is highly variable.
Democratização de arquivos em bibliotecas digitais e hemerotecas: um caminho para Histórias ou Micro Histórias da tradução no Brasil
Authors: Torres Marie-Hélène Catherine 
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo apresenta, em primeiro lugar, o estado da arte da História da Tradução no Brasil, considerando os projetos de publicações coletivas e os poucos projetos digitais que temos colocado online com a colaboração de alguns colegas, como o Dicionário de Tradutores Literários no Brasil, que foi colocado online em 2005 e que visa mapear tradutores literários no Brasil e definir seu perfil ou ainda o site Mnemosine online desde 2015, que abriga resultados obtidos com pesquisas financiadas pelo CNPq. Em segundo lugar, discuto do acesso às fontes primárias no Brasil, questão crucial das bibliografias, catálogos e acervos disponibilizados paraos pesquisadores que desejam elaborar uma História da Tradução a partir de bases de dados digitais. E finalmente, proponho algumas vias possíveis para escrever a História ou Micro-História da Tradução no Brasil a partir de arquivos digitalizados.
VENUTI, Lawrence. Teaching Translation: Programs, Courses, Pedagogies. Londres e Nova York: Routledge, 2017, 276 p.
Authors: Moreira Helton Bezerra 
Published: January 2020

Com a relativamente recente solidificação científica dos Estudos da Tradução, tem surgido grande interesse acerca das práticas pedagógicas, ementas e bibliografias voltadas especificamente para o ensino de tradutores. O livro Teaching Translation: Programs, Courses, Pedagogies (Ensinando Tradução: Programas, Cursos, Pedagogias), editado por Lawrence Venuti, faz um apanhado do estado da arte nessa atividade, descrevendo cursos e disciplinas em algumas instituições de referência americanas, canadenses, inglesas e espanholas, detalhando desde os pré-requisitos para os alunos serem admitidos até os trabalhos de conclusão. Além desse detalhamento, o livro apresenta artigos com diversos enfoques no ensino de tradução literária, tradução técnica, tradução pós-colonial, tradução teatral, dentre outros mais. Como se não bastasse, a parte final do livro traz uma análise detalhada tanto das abordagens pedagógicas predominantes na formação de tradutores quanto dos manuais, enciclopédias e livros sobre tradução lançados nos últimos vinte anos. O ponto forte da obra é a visão panorâmica mundial que ele oferece aos professores, alunos e estudiosos da área, interessados em saber como se está ensinando tradução na prática, muito embora não se tenha a mesma informação sobre a prática em cursos de países fora do eixo escolhido por Venuti.
Global River Radar Altimetry Time Series (GRRATS): new river elevation earth science data records for the hydrologic community
Authors: Coss Stephen , Durand Michael , Yi Yuchan , Jia Yuanyuan , Guo Qi , Tuozzolo Stephen , Shum C. K. , Allen George H. , Calmant Stéphane , Pavelsky Tamlin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The capabilities of radar altimetry to measure inland
water bodies are well established, and several river altimetry datasets are
available. Here we produced a globally distributed dataset, the Global River
Radar Altimeter Time Series (GRRATS), using Envisat and Ocean Surface
Topography Mission (OSTM)/Jason-2 radar altimeter data spanning the time
period 2002–2016. We developed a method that runs unsupervised, without
requiring parameterization at the measurement location, dubbed virtual
station (VS) level, and applied it to all altimeter crossings of ocean-draining rivers with widths >900 m (>34 % of
the global drainage area). We evaluated every VS, either quantitatively for VS
locations where in situ gages are available or qualitatively using a grade
system. We processed nearly 1.5 million altimeter measurements from 1478
VSs. After quality control, the final product contained 810 403 measurements
distributed over 932 VSs located on 39 rivers. Available in situ data allowed
quantitative evaluation of 389 VSs on 12 rivers. The median standard deviation of
river elevation error is 0.93 m, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency is 0.75, and
correlation coefficient is 0.9. GRRATS is a consistent, well-documented
dataset with a user-friendly data visualization portal, freely available for
use by the global scientific community. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.5067/PSGRA-SA2V1 (Coss et al., 2016).
Revisiting Austfonna, Svalbard, with potential field methods – a new characterization of the bed topography and its physical properties
Authors: Dumais Marie-Andrée , Brönner Marco 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. With hundreds of metres of ice, the bedrock underlying
Austfonna, the largest icecap on Svalbard, is hard to characterize in terms
of topography and physical properties. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR)
measurements supply ice thickness estimation, but the data quality is
temperature dependent, leading to uncertainties. To remedy this, we include
airborne gravity measurements. With a significant density contrast between
ice and bedrock, subglacial bed topography is effectively derived from
gravity modelling. While the ice thickness model relies primarily on the
gravity data, integrating airborne magnetic data provides an extra insight
into the basement distribution. This contributes to refining the range of
density expected under the ice and improving the subice model. For this
study, a prominent magmatic north–south-oriented intrusion and the presence of
carbonates are assessed. The results reveal the complexity of the
subsurface lithology, characterized by different basement affinities. With
the geophysical parameters of the bedrock determined, a new bed topography
is extracted and adjusted for the potential field interpretation, i.e. magnetic-
and gravity-data analysis and modelling. When the results are compared to bed elevation maps previously produced by radio-echo sounding (RES) and GPR
data, the discrepancies are pronounced where the RES and GPR data are
scarce. Hence, areas with limited coverage are addressed with the potential field interpretation, increasing the accuracy of the overall bed topography.
In addition, the methodology improves understanding of the geology;
assigns physical properties to the basements; and reveals the presence of
softer bed, carbonates and magmatic intrusions under Austfonna, which
influence the basal-sliding rates and surges.
New test method with a Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Dummy for Textile Safety Harnesses
Authors: Baszczyński Krzysztof 
Published: January 2020

A full body harness is a basic component of personal fall arrest equipment. It is made from webbing connected by seams and metal fittings to firmly hold and support the user’s body. The paper proposes a new method for full body harness testing using a Hybrid III anthropomorphic dummy; also the design of the experimental stand and software used are described. The method analyses the behaviour of a dummy during a fall arrest under well-defined conditions. The critical mechanical factors measured during the study presented were: the head acceleration, forces acting on the spine, the position of the dummy, the impacts of harness elements to the head, etc. The tests identified some potentially dangerous phenomena associated with falls from a height. The harness testing method developed turned out to be a valuable tool that should be applied in conjunction with existing strength testing methods.
Effect of the Number of Constrictions on the Filtration Behaviour of a Soil-Geotextile System
Authors: Miszkowska Anna , Miszkowska Anna , Koda Eugeniusz , Krzywosz Zygmunt 
Published: January 2020

Nonwoven geotextile filters have been used in geo-environmental engineering for decades to prevent the movement of base soil fine particles, allowing adequate seepage to flow through the geotextile plane. Most of the design criteria developed for nonwoven geotextiles are based only on the comparison between their characteristic opening size and the indicative diameter of the soil to be filtered. In the meantime, the nonwoven geotextile fibrous structure has an influence on the filtration of the soil-geotextile system. In this paper the numbers of constrictions of nonwoven geotextile samples were determined to verify the existence of a correlation between the geotextile structure and the filtration behaviour of soil-geotextile systems. The compatibility between an internally unstable soil and a nonwoven geotextile filter was evaluated using the gradient ratio test. The results obtained can also be the basis for modifying the geotextile filter design and selection criteria.
Evaluation of the Sorption Phenomena Mechanism of Polyacrylonitrile Fibres for Selected Dyes in the Aspect of Structural Changes Resulting from Thermal Stabilisation Processes
Authors: Marczak Ewa , Marczak Piotr , Sztajnowski Sławomir , Lipp-Symonowicz Barbara 
Published: January 2020

The aim of the research was to analyse the influence of the initial heat treatment of polyacrylonitrile fibres on their sorption properties in relation to selected basic and disperse dyes, in order to select the dyeing variants most beneficial from the point of view of increasing the sorption capacity of commonly used dyes and improving the dyeing process. Research was carried out on a fibre produced on an industrial scale, using dyes of basic application importance, which differ in the diffusion properties of the molecules and the mechanism of binding with the fibre material. Thermal treatment of the fibre was carried out in various media (air, water, steam), with various variants of the temperature and its duration, i.e. under the conditions commonly used in fibre preprocessing processes and their “improvement”. During the research, several different measurement methods were used to assess changes in the molecular and supramolecular structure of the fibre material: the infrared absorption spectroscopy method, the critical fibre dissolution measurement method, the densitometric method, and the interferential polarisation microscopy method. Fibre sorption changes resulting from the modification of the structure of the fibre under the influence of thermal treatment were analysed from the point of view of improving the efficiency of dye use and shortening the dyeing time based on commonly accepted values of the sorption index Cb and kinetic sorption index: t0.5 for basic dyes and t0.7 for disperse dyes.
Composite Nonwovens with Natural Additive
Authors: Wrześniewska-Tosik Krystyna , Mik Tomasz , Wesołowska Ewa , Montes Sarah , Kowalewski Tomasz , Kudra Michał 
Published: January 2020

Various methods of nonwoven composite materials manufacturing are known. One such method is the well-known technique called spun-bonding. The production technology for composite nonwoven by the spun-bond method is known, but the technique of introducing an additive in the form of shredded wastes of natural origin so as to obtain a composite nonwoven fabric with interesting functional properties is new. The article describes a method of producing an innovative composite nonwoven using the spun-bond technique. As a result of incorporating various additives into the nonwoven structure, composite nonwovens with modified properties are obtained. Composite nonwovens, depending on the additive used, can be utilised as filtration material in the construction, agriculture or automotive industry.
The oldest fossil of the family Issidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) from the Paleocene of Menat (France)
Authors: Bourgoin Thierry , Wang Menglin , Nel André 
Published: January 2020

The taxa Cubicostissus palaeocaeni gen. et sp. nov. are described from the Paleocene of Menat (Central France) as the oldest representative of the family Issidae for which all currently known fossils are reviewed. With a unique combination of characters, the specimen represents the first fossil described for the tribe Hysteropterini. Its occurrence in the European Paleocene shows that its lineage, and therefore the Issidae, were already present at least some 60 Ma. It allows to discard the hypothesis of an Eocene origin for the family, which is in accordance with a recent molecular calibration of the family, reporting the tribe as old as the Upper Cretaceous.
Significado do judô paralímpico: um estudo de caso
Authors: Aninha Ana Cardoso , Zanetti Marcelo Callegari , Correa Mariana Freitas , Sermarini Marcia dos Santos , Freire Elizabete , Rodrigues Graciele M. , Brandao Maria Regina Ferreira 
Published: January 2020

Na busca pela compreensão do significado do judô paralímpico e do impacto desta modalidade na vida do atleta, foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso, de natureza qualitativa, com a participação de um atleta paralímpico da seleção brasileira de judô, que obteve resultados importantes no cenário internacional. A Abordagem História Oral de Vida fundamentou a realização da entrevista, salientou o fenômeno da vida do atleta e privilegiou uma visão contextualizada da situação e dos processos de interação deste atleta com descrição de eventos de sua vida antes e durante a trajetória esportiva, e a expressão de sua luta e estratégias de superação das adversidades. Também foi possível conhecer a trajetória esportiva, o processo de aceitação da deficiência e a aderência ao esporte adaptado. O esporte significou a possibilidade de exercer sua autonomia e, ao mesmo tempo, desempenhar seu papel social e representou o espaço para mostrar sua competência e obter reconhecimento social, a partir do bom desempenho obtido e das vitórias. Assim, pode-se concluir que a ocorrência de um determinado fenômeno (no caso a cegueira) foi ao mesmo tempo um produto e um produtor da mudança evolutiva do atleta.
Palavras-chave: Atleta Paralímpico; Esporte Paralímpico; Deficiência Visual; Judô; Significado.
Prehaustorial local resistance to coffee leaf rust in a Mexican cultivar involves expression of salicylic acid-responsive genes
Authors: Couttolenc-Brenis Edgar , Carrión Gloria L. , Villain Luc , Ortega-Escalona Fernando , Ramírez-Martínez Daniel , Mata-Rosas Martín , Méndez-Bravo Alfonso 
Published: January 2020

Background
In Mexico, coffee leaf rust (CLR) is the main disease that affects the Arabica coffee crop. In this study, the local response of two Mexican cultivars of Coffea arabica (Oro Azteca and Garnica) in the early stages of Hemileia vastatrix infection was evaluated.

Methods
We quantified the development of fungal structures in locally-infected leaf disks from both cultivars, using qRT-PCR to measure the relative expression of two pathogenesis recognition genes (CaNDR1 and CaNBS-LRR) and three genes associated with the salicylic acid (SA)-related pathway (CaNPR1, CaPR1, and CaPR5).

Results
Resistance of the cv. Oro Azteca was significantly higher than that of the cv. Garnica, with 8.2% and 53.3% haustorial detection, respectively. In addition, the non-race specific disease resistance gene (CaNDR1), a key gene for the pathogen recognition, as well as the genes associated with SA, CaNPR1, CaPR1, and CaPR5, presented an increased expression in response to infection by H. vastatrix in cv. Oro Azteca if comparing with cv. Garnica. Our results suggest that Oro Azteca’s defense mechanisms could involve early recognition of CLR by NDR1 and the subsequent activation of the SA signaling pathway.
Shifts in soil nutrient concentrations and C:N:P stoichiometry during long-term natural vegetation restoration
Authors: Ma Rentian , Hu Feinan , Liu Jingfang , Wang Chunli , Wang Zilong , Liu Gang , Zhao Shiwei 
Published: January 2020

Background
Ecological stoichiometry (C:N:P ratios) in soil is an important indicator of the elemental balance in ecological interactions and processes. Long-term natural vegetation plays an important role in the accumulation and distribution of soil stoichiometry. However, information about the effects of long-term secondary forest succession on soil stoichiometry along a deep soil profile is still limited.

Methods
We selected Ziwuling secondary succession forest developed from farmland as the study area, investigated the concentrations and stoichiometry of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) at a depth of 0–100 cm along a 90-year succession chronosequence, including farmland (control), grassland, shrub, early forest, and climax forest.

Results
SOC and TN concentrations significantly increased with increasing restoration age, whereas soil P concentration remained relatively stable across various successional stages. SOC and TN concentrations decreased with an increase in soil depth, exhibiting distinct soil nutrient “surface-aggregation” (high nutrients concentration in the top soil layer). The soil C:P and N:P ratios increased with an increase in restoration age, whereas the variation of the C:N ratio was small and relatively stable across vegetation succession. The nutrient limitation changed along with vegetation succession, transitioning from limited N in the earlier successional stages to limited P in the later successional stages.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that more nitrogen input should be applied to earlier succession stages, and more phosphorus input should be utilized in later succession stages in order to address limited availability of these elements. In general, natural vegetation restoration was an ecologically beneficial practice for the recovery of degraded soils in this area. The findings of this study strengthen our understanding of the changes of soil nutrient concentration and nutrient limitation after vegetation restoration, and provide a simple guideline for future vegetation restoration and reconstruction efforts on the Loess Plateau.
Certain Geometric Aspects of a Class of Almost Contact Structures on a Smooth Metric Manifold
Authors: Onyango Ojiema M. , Beatrice Mengich , Wanambisi Wafula A. 
Published: January 2020

The classication of Smooth Geometrical Manifolds still remains an open problem. The concept of almost contact Riemannian manifolds provides neat descriptions and distinctions between classes of odd and even dimensional manifolds and their geometries. We construct an almost contact structure which is related to almost contact 3-structure carried on a smooth Riemannian manifold (M, gM) of dimension (5n + 4) such that gcd(2, n) = 1. Starting with the almost contact metric manifolds (N4n+3, gN) endowed with structure tensors (ϕi, ξj , ηk) such that 1 ≤ i, j, k ≤ 3 of types (1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 1) respectively, we establish that there exists a structure (ϕ4, ξ4, η4) on (N4n+3 ⊗ Rd) ≈ M; gcd(4, d) = 1, d|2n + 1, constructed as linear combinations of the three structures on (N4n+3, gN) . We study some algebraic properties of the tensors of the constructed almost contact structure and further explore the Geometry of the two manifolds (N4n+3⊗Rd) ≈ M and N4n+3 via a !submersion F : (N4n+3 ⊗Rd) ↩→ (N4n+3) and the metrics gM respective gN between them. This provides new forms of Gauss-Weigarten's equations, Gauss-Codazzi equations and the Ricci equations incorporating the submersion other than the First and second Fundamental coecients only. Fundamentally, this research has revealed that the structure (ϕ4, ξ4, η4) is constructible and it is carried on the hidden compartment of the manifold M∼=(N4n+3 ⊗ Rd) (d|2n + 1) which is related to the manifold (N4n+3).
Proximate Composition, Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Flaxseed
Authors: Adam Omer Ishag Omer , A. Khalid Ayat , Abdi Amina , Yaagoub Erwa Ibrahim , Babiker Omer Awadalla , H. Nour Azhari 
Published: January 2020

Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the proximate composition of flaxseed; physiochemical properties and antioxidant activity of flaxseed.
Study Design: Using standard analytical methods to determine the proximate composition of flaxseed, extraction of flaxseed in different trials under the same conditions using two different solvents and investigating their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the laboratory of department of applied and industrial chemistry, International University of Africa, University of Medical Sciences and Technology and National Centre for Research, Khartoum – Sudan, during June 2019.
Methodology: The prepared sample of flaxseeds was tested for proximate composition and then extracted with petroleum ether and n-hexane. The extracted oil was then subjected to physicochemical analysis, GC-MS analysis and antioxidant activity test.
Results: The oil yield of flaxseed was high 21.95% and 28.29% with n-hexane and petroleum ether respectively. The results obtained for proximate composition were: moisture (8.50 ± 0.49%), ash (1.96 ± 0.00%), fiber (20.23 ± 3.47%), protein (21.00 ± 0.74%),fat (43.17 ± 0.99%) and carbohydrate (5.14 ± 2.73%).The physicochemical properties of n-hexane and petroleum ether extracted flaxseed oils were: density (0.92 ± 0.00 g/cm3), refractive index (1.47 ± 0.00 and 1.48 ± 0.01 at 28°C), acid value (0.76 ± 0.10 and 0.75 ± 0.20 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (4.67 ± 1.00 and 2.69 ± 0.55 meq O2/kg), saponification value (185.61 ± 0.56 and 187.83 ± 2.08 mg KOH/g oil), unsaponifiable matter (5.57 ± 0.64 and 2.83 ± 0.23 mg KOH/g oil) and iodine value (97.24 ± 0.86 and 97.44 ± 2.93 g/100 g) respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the means of the two data sets of physicochemical properties of flaxseed oils extracted with the two solvents used at 95% confidence level. The GC-MS spectrum of flaxseed oil extracted with n-Hexane revealed presence of 27 fatty acids, the predominant were linoleic acid (46.53%), palmitic acid (18.04%), stearic acid (12.23%), linolenic acid (11.63%) and oleic acid (4.24%). While for petroleum ether extract a total of 28 fatty acids were identified the major were: linolenic acid (42.39%), linoleic acid (26.17%), palmitic acid (12.89%), stearic acid (10.73%) and methyl erucic (1.24%.). The oils also, showed good antioxidant activity in relation to control; 28 ± 0.09 (DPPH) for n-Hexane extract and 26 ± 0.05 (DPPH) for petroleum ether extract.
Conclusion: Based on the results obtained flaxseed and flaxseed oil had good potential for human consumption and can be used for other application.