bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Submacula Bleeding with Pneumatic Displacement
Authors: Shaelva Lassa Sabatini  , Ansyori AK , Amin Ramzi 
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Submacular hemorrhage is defined as the presence of blood in the potential space between retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neurosensory retinal in the macula. Pneumatic displacement is one of the management procedures that is shifting the bleeding under the macula by injecting gas. The purpose of writing this case report is to report Sub-macula Bleeding cases which are managed with Pneumatic Displacement.
Case Presentation. A 55-year-old woman, housewife, was living outside the city, came with complaints of a sudden blurred left eye since 2 weeks ago. At the ophthalmological examination, 612 pH (-) right eye vision and 1/300 left eye vision were obtained. On examination of the anterior segment in the right and left eye the lens is cloudy with grade I nuclear morphology. The image of the right eye fundoscopy is within normal limits, whereas in the left eye a macula is found: reflex fovea (-) blood (+). The choice of therapy in this patient is carried out by Pneumatic Displacement by injecting C3F8 gas, which aims to shift the bleeding under the macula by injecting gas.
Conclusion. Pneumatic Displacement is a simple procedure, not too invasive, and the risk of intraocular complications is smaller. Pneumatic Displacement aims to shift blood from under the macula to other parts of the retina that are less vital for vision.
Correlation Between Ocular Rigidity With Intraocular Pressure In Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Roland Iqbal  , Prima Maya Sari  , Ramzi Amin  , Fidalia  
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Introduction and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to have a biomechanical effect on tissue. High blood glucose concentrations that lead to increased production of free radical intermediates causes ocular rigidity (OR) changes. This change can effect intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with type 2 DM. This study to determine correlation between ocular rigidity with IOP in patients with type 2 DM.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with a correlation test design of OR with IOP in type 2 DM patients was conducted in RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang from January until June 2018. Eighty eye samples consist of 60 type 2 DM and 20 control group. IOP examination was performed using a Goldmann applanation tonometer and OR measurements using schiotz tonometer with two loads then assessed in Friedenwald differential tables.
Result: There was a significant correlation between diabetic retinopathy and OR (p=0,000). There was a significant correlation between OR and IOP in NPDR and PDR group (p=0,000). There was a significant relationship between patient age with OR and IOP (p<0,05).
Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between ocular rigidity and IOP in people with type 2 DM.
Geochemistry of the chromitite stringer at the contact of the mafic sequence and the ultramafic sequence in the Unki Mine area, Shurugwi Subchamber of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe
Authors: Chaumba Jeff B. , Musa Caston T. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTSeveral models have been proposed to explain the origin of a chromitite stringer located at the contact between the Mafic and Ultramafic Sequences in the Unki Mine area of the Shurugwi Subchamber of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe. A petrographic and geochemical study of this chromitite stringer was undertaken with the aim of constraining its origin. Forty-three chromite compositions were obtained from the studied chromitite stringer, which is characterized by a chromium number between 59.9 and 62.8 and a magnesium number which ranges from 37.8 to 46.4. The chromites at the contact zone in the Unki Mine commonly contains inclusions of sulfides, orthopyroxene, plagioclase, and/or amphiboles. The chromites likely formed early in the crystallization history of the Mafic Sequence, as they are commonly partially rimmed by sulfides and they occur as inclusions in plagioclase crystals. Unlike chromites from underlying Ultramafic Sequence chromitite layers, chromites at the contact zone contain low Cr2O3 contents which range from 39.4 to 42.6 wt.%. Furthermore, these chromites are enriched in Fe compared to most Great Dyke chromitites, which is interpreted to be a consequence of subsolidus exchange of Mg into orthopyroxene and Fe into the chromite. The absence of zoning in the chromites at this contact zone, and their low Mn, Fe contents, is consistent with attainment of equilibrium because the altered chromites often contain Cr-bearing magnetite rims. Two possible models for the formation of this chromitite stringer are mixing of relatively primitive and evolved magmas (i.e., ultramafic and anorthositic magma), possibly of different oxygen fugacities, and chemical diffusion across the contact between the Mafic and the Ultramafic sequences which resulted in melting at and below this boundary. The latter would have caused preferential loss of orthopyroxene from the underlying P1 Pyroxenite Layer, accompanied by re-precipitation of chromite at this contact.
COMPARISON OF THE SUCCESS OF EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY (ESWL) WITH AND WITHOUT DJ STENTING IN PROXIMAL URETERIC STONE
Authors: Dr. Mudassar Saeed Pansota  
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: There is disagreement in the use of ureteral double-J stent before the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), although most of the urologists suggest using stent in shock wave lithotripsy technique for stones bigger than 20mm, for preventing the risk of developing steinstrasse. To compare the success of ESWL with and without DJ stenting in proximal ureteric stone. METHODOLOGY: A total of 60 patients form both genders, between 15 to 55 years of age, with a single proximal ureteric stone, were included. Patients with solitary functioning kidney, multiple stones, pregnancy, pyonephrosis and sepsis were excluded. In Group-A, ESWL without DJ stenting was completed while in Group-B, ESWL with DJ stent placement was done. In all patients, at least 4 sessions were done fortnightly. Patients were followed regularly and ﬁnal success was noted after one month of completion of ESWL sessions.
RESULTS: The mean age was 36.85 ± 8.61 years. From 60 patients, 29 (48.33%) were men and 231 (51.67%) were women.Mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.30±2.20 kg/m . The average size of the stone was 12.47 ± 2.57 mm. Success (according to stone removal) of Group-A (ESWL without DJS) was seen in 26 (86.67%) patients while in Group-B (ESWL with DJS) was seen in 16 (53.33%) patients with P-value of 0.005.
CONCLUSION: This study concluded that success (in terms of stone clearance) of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) without DJ stenting is higher compared to with DJ stenting in upper ureteric stone.
ESTIMATES OF THE SEVERITY OF COVID-19: A COMPARISON OF PAKISTAN WITH OTHER DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Authors: Mehmood Yasir 
Published: July 2020

The number of confirmed cases of COVID-affected patients are 1,123,000 and counting while more than 59,000 corroborated mortalities have occurred around the globe, as depicted by the data gathered through Johns Hopkins University. More than 228,000 people have reportedly recovered from COVID-19 till April 4 2020. Italy has the second highest deaths of COVID-19 in the world. There is dire need to evaluate the pattern of COVID-19 in Pakistan and compared with other developed countries. World Health Organization has developed website to provide latest data in form of new reported cases, mortality and recoveries. In Pakistan, mortality rate was found less than other developed countries and this hypothesis may be wrong that Pakistan neither will nor effected with virus due to climate conditions.
The presented study had two objectives. The first was to describe the latest situation if COVID-19 in Pakistan and other developed countries. Second objective was to determine the latest situation about mortility rate in Pakistan and other developed countries. Comparative data was sketched and presented in the form of graph for 5 countries including Pakistan. All the data was obtained form WHO websites and from Pakistan government officials websites. Data was collected from Jan-2020 to 4 April-2020.
Morphological and Spectral Study of 4FGL J1115.1–6118 in the Region of the Young Massive Stellar Cluster NGC 3603
Authors: Saha L. , Domínguez A. , Tibaldo L. , Marchesi S. , Ajello M. , Lemoine-Goumard M. , López M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report a detailed study of an unidentified gamma-ray source located in the region of the compact stellar cluster NGC 3603. This is a star-forming region (SFR) powered by a massive cluster of OB stars. A dedicated analysis of about 10 yr of data from 10 GeV to 1 TeV, provided by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, yields the detection of a pointlike source at a significance of 9σ. The source photon spectrum can be described by a power-law model with a best-fit spectral index of 2.35 ± 0.03. In addition, the analysis of a deep Chandra image in the 0.5–7 keV band reliably rules out an extragalactic origin for the gamma-rays. We also conclude that the broadband spectral energy distribution of the point source can be explained well with both leptonic and hadronic models. No firm evidence of association with any other classes of known gamma-ray emitters is found; therefore, we speculate that 4FGL J1115.1−6118 is a gamma-ray-emitting SFR.
Common Envelope Wind Tunnel: The Effects of Binary Mass Ratio and Implications for the Accretion-driven Growth of LIGO Binary Black Holes
Authors: De Soumi , MacLeod Morgan , Everson Rosa Wallace , Antoni Andrea , Mandel Ilya , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present three-dimensional local hydrodynamic simulations of flows around objects embedded within stellar envelopes using a “wind tunnel” formalism. Our simulations model the common envelope dynamical inspiral phase in binary star systems in terms of dimensionless flow characteristics. We present suites of simulations that study the effects of varying the binary mass ratio, stellar structure, equation of state, relative Mach number of the object’s motion through the gas, and density gradients across the gravitational focusing scale. For each model, we measure coefficients of accretion and drag experienced by the embedded object. These coefficients regulate the coupled evolution of the object’s masses and orbital tightening during the dynamical inspiral phase of the common envelope. We extrapolate our simulation results to accreting black holes with masses comparable to that of the population of LIGO black holes. We demonstrate that the mass and spin accrued by these black holes per unit orbital tightening are directly related to the ratio of accretion to drag coefficients. We thus infer that the mass and dimensionless spin of initially nonrotating black holes change by of order 1% and 0.05, respectively, in a typical example scenario. Our prediction that the masses and spins of black holes remain largely unmodified by a common envelope phase aids in the interpretation of the properties of the growing observed population of merging binary black holes. Even if these black holes passed through a common envelope phase during their assembly, features of mass and spin imparted by previous evolutionary epochs should be preserved.
The High Molecular Gas Content, and the Efficient Conversion of Neutral into Molecular Gas, in Jellyfish Galaxies
Authors: Moretti Alessia , Paladino Rosita , Poggianti Bianca M. , Serra Paolo , Ramatsoku Mpati , Franchetto Andrea , Deb Tirna , Gullieuszik Marco , Tomičić Neven , Mingozzi Matilde , Vulcani Benedetta , Radovich Mario , Bettoni Daniela , Fritz Jacopo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the disks of four jellyfish galaxies from the GASP sample at redshift ∼0.05 we detect molecular gas masses systematically higher than in field galaxies. These galaxies are being stripped of their gas by ram pressure from the intracluster medium and are, in general, forming stars at a high rate with respect to nonstripped galaxies of similar stellar masses. We find that, unless giant molecular clouds in the disk are unbound by ram pressure leading to exceptionally high CO–to–H2 conversion factors, these galaxies have a molecular gas content 4–5 times higher than normal galaxies of similar masses, and molecular gas depletion times ranging from ∼1 to 9 Gyr, corresponding to generally very low star formation efficiencies. The molecular gas mass within the disk is a factor between 4 and ∼100 times higher than the neutral gas mass, as opposed to the disks of normal spirals that contain similar amounts of molecular and neutral gas. Intriguingly, the molecular plus neutral total amount of gas is similar to that in normal spiral galaxies of similar stellar mass. These results strongly suggest that ram pressure in disks of galaxies during the jellyfish phase leads to a very efficient conversion of H i into H2.
Le port de Brest et la Marine de guerre française au cœur de la pandémie de grippe infectieuse de 1918
Authors: Fichou Jean-Christophe 
Published: July 2020

La pandémie grippale de 1918-1919 fit entre 40 à 50 millions de morts dans le monde selon l’Institut Pasteur, 100 millions selon des réévaluations récentes de l’OMS, et sans doute plus selon les dernières recherches. Elle reste l’un des plus grands fléaux que l’humanité eut à affronter. L’histoire oublia vite ce triste événement, jusqu’à ce que les historiens anglo-saxons reprennent les études sur le sujet en 1976. Depuis, les articles se sont multipliés pour connaître les détails de cette pandémie. Pourtant il reste encore de nombreux points obscurs et le présent article tente d’en éclairer quelques-uns. Le hasard nous a fait retrouver, à l’hôpital maritime de Brest, les premiers signes de l’épidémie, observés trois semaines avant la date retenue par la grande majorité des chercheurs et nous avons constaté que les décès concernaient essentiellement de très jeunes engagés, de 17 et 18 ans. Autant de faits nouveaux qui viennent contredire ou compléter l’historiographie officielle et placer à l’origine de la pandémie le port de Brest plutôt que les États-Unis.
Entreprises privées et psychiatrie dans la France des années 1930
Authors: Guillemot Joris 
Published: July 2020

Cet article a pour objectif d’étudier les nouvelles modalités de prise en charge des malades mentaux dans la France des années 1930, avec en toile de fond la question des rapports entre les pouvoirs publics et les entrepreneurs privés dans le domaine de la médecine de façon générale et de la psychiatrie en particulier. Nous avons choisi ici d’étudier le cas d’un asile, celui de Plouguernével (Côtes-du-Nord) qui ouvre en 1934 grâce à un industriel de la Troisième République : Justin Perchot. La création de cet établissement vise tout d’abord à réduire l’encombrement des asiles, notamment dans la Seine. Elle se veut également une réponse à la crise économique du moment, les pouvoirs publics ne disposant pas, ou plus, des fonds nécessaires à l’entretien des malades. Ces derniers se montrent néanmoins extrêmement critiques à l’encontre de l’entreprise chargée de gérer l’établissement. La mortalité, mais aussi la création du cimetière, sont des questions autour desquelles les tensions gravitent. Il y a une forme de paradoxe à voir les pouvoirs publics se montrer véhéments contre une entreprise dont ils ont pourtant besoin. La question qui se pose est donc de savoir si la psychiatrie française dans les années 1930 peut constituer un révélateur d’enjeux de pouvoirs.
Production of IL-18 Binding Protein by Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Cells in CpG-Induced Macrophage Activation Syndrome
Authors: Harel Mathilde , Girard-Guyonvarc’h Charlotte , Rodriguez Emiliana , Palmer Gaby , Gabay Cem 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) acts as a naturally occurring IL-18 decoy receptor. If the balance between IL-18 and IL-18BP is dysregulated, abnormal levels of free bioactive IL-18 are detected, such as in the sera of Il-18bp knockout (KO) mice with CpG-induced macrophage activation syndrome. To determine the cellular sources of Il-18bp in vivo, we selectively depleted Il-18bp expression in either radiosensitive or radioresistant cells using bone marrow transfer between wild-type (WT) and Il-18bp KO mice. Following repeated CpG injections, Il-18bp KO (donor)→ Il-18bp KO (recipient) chimeric mice exhibited more severe disease, with an enhanced Ifn-γ signature and circulating free Il-18 levels, in comparison with WT→WT chimeras. Interestingly, the phenotype of KO→WT and WT→KO mice did not differ from that of WT→WT mice. Consistent with this finding, serum Il-18bp levels were similar in these three groups of mice. The contribution of radioresistant and radiosensitive cells to Il-18bp production varied markedly according to the organ examined, with a major contribution of radiosensitive cells in the spleen as opposed to a major contribution of radioresistant cells in the lung. Finally, Ifn-γ blockade abrogated the CpG-induced but not the constitutive Il-18bp production. Our results demonstrate that circulating Il-18bp is induced in response to Ifn-γ during CpG-induced macrophage activation syndrome and is present at high levels in the circulation to prevent the deleterious systemic effects of Il-18.
A Case for Targeting Th17 Cells and IL-17A in SARS-CoV-2 Infections
Authors: Orlov Marika , Wander Pandora L. , Morrell Eric D. , Mikacenic Carmen , Wurfel Mark M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has infected millions and has caused hundreds of thousands of fatalities. Risk factors for critical illness from SARS-CoV-2 infection include male gender, obesity, diabetes, and age &gt;65. The mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to critical illness are poorly understood. Of interest, these comorbidities have previously been associated with increased signaling of Th17 cells. Th17 cells secrete IL-17A and are important for clearing extracellular pathogens, but inappropriate signaling has been linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Currently there are few treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 infections. This review describes evidence linking risk factors for critical illness in COVID-19 with increased Th17 cell activation and IL-17 signaling that may lead to increased likelihood for lung injury and respiratory failure. These findings provide a basis for testing the potential use of therapies directed at modulation of Th17 cells and IL-17A signaling in the treatment of COVID-19.
Rol de los agentes físicos en la rehabilitación vocal: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Fuentes Aracena Christopher 
Published: July 2020

Los agentes físicos son elementos naturales o artificiales que se aplican para el tratamiento de determinados síntomas o patologías. En la rehabilitación vocal su estudio es un área emergente, donde las revisiones sistemáticas y los meta-análisis son escasos. Esto, muchas veces, dificulta la toma de decisiones y la correcta elección por parte del clínico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el rol de los agentes físicos en la rehabilitación vocal. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura a través de la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos PubMed, EBSCOHost y Scielo. Se establecieron criterios de elegibilidad según tipo, año y características de los estudios. Se evaluaron 603 artículos, de los cuales, luego del análisis de su título, abstract y del cumplimiento de los criterios de elegibilidad, se seleccionaron 16. Se entregan resultados en base a la cantidad de participantes, nivel de evidencia, tipo y configuración del agente físico, procedimientos e instrumentos de evaluación y beneficios obtenidos. Los agentes físicos de mayor utilización en la clínica vocal son la electroterapia (TENS y NMES) y la laserterapia. En general, estos actúan como coadyuvantes en la terapia vocal. La TENS reduce el dolor, la tensión laríngea y la percepción de voz apretada durante la fonación. La NMES beneficia la activación neuromuscular de las cuerdas vocales y el uso de láser permite la recuperación de los tejidos laríngeos posterior a tareas de sobrecarga.
Young Black Joes and Old Negroes: Recontaining Black Modernity in The Saturday Evening Post
Authors: McKible Adam 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Irwin S. Cobb's contributions to The Saturday Evening Post exemplify George Horace Lorimer's efforts to register and recontain black modernity. Cobb created a reputation as Southern humorist who recycled racist caricatures, but in 1918, he established himself as a white authority on African Americans with “Young Black Joe,” which helped launch the reputation of the Harlem Hellfighters. Following on the success of this publication, Cobb published an abridged, serialized version of his first novel, J. Poindexter, Colored. This novel embodies many of the practices constituting Lorimer's efforts to deny black humanity, insist on innate black subservience, and promulgate white supremacy.
Contaminação do mundo da vida: que filosofia surge de um espirro?
Authors: Borba Eduardo de 
Published: July 2020

Que tipo de reflexão a filosofia pode fazer sobre uma pandemia? Em virtude do caráter singular da COVID-19, proponho uma leitura em termos de uma análise funcionalista das crises. Para chegar nisso, faço primeiro uma avaliação mais ampla do que há de comum ao nosso tempo, apresentando-o nos termos de um processo de consolidação e expansão do neoliberalismo como uma “gramática normativa central” para a organização e reprodução dos sistemas de reprodução social e agindo de forma colonizadora sobre os processos de reprodução simbólica da sociedade. A apresentação do neoliberalismo pretende enfatizar que, antes da pandemia, já vivíamos em crise e que, por isso, seria preciso uma descrição primeira desse “estado de coisas”. Depois, faço uma análise do caráter funcional das sociedades do capitalismo tardio para concluir apontando as perspectivas de aprendizado que a situação de crise permite e como o neoliberalismo impõe uma gramática que contamina esse potencial.
Propuesta de recursos didácticos en línea para trabajar patrimonio, despoblación y territorio en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Paisaje, patrimonio cultural y despoblación en territorio mudéjar aragonés
Authors: Guallart Carlos , Velilla Javier , Cuartero Noelia , Ferraz María Felisa , Laguna María , Ollero Alfredo , Rodrigo Beatriz 
Published: July 2020

Se presenta el proceso de trabajo para la elaboración de material didáctico a partir de herramientas de análisis geográfico. Estos materiales escolares están diseñados para trabajar en las aulas de Educación Secundaria la despoblación y el patrimonio cultural y natural en el mundo rural, como en este caso, en el “territorio mudéjar”. El objetivo es que el alumnado adquiera competencias que le permitan comprender y valorar este patrimonio, y pueda formular modelos y propuestas de desarrollo rural. Dichos materiales didácticos recogen contenidos que no están suficientemente incluidos en el currículo de Secundaria Obligatoria -despoblación, mudéjar, patrimonio natural, entorno- y que son importantes para el conocimiento y comprensión del territorio en el que vive el alumnado de esta etapa al que van dirigidos. Se han elaborado en la plataforma de ArcGIS Online y, por lo tanto, están alojados en la nube a la que se puede acceder desde cualquier dispositivo con conexión a internet. Se presentan en un hub agrupados en cuatro apartados: aplicaciones multimedia, mapas interactivos, visores de proyectos y videotutoriales. Son abiertos y adaptables a las necesidades e intereses tanto del alumnado como del profesorado facilitando, por otra parte, metodologías activas y adaptaciones de los materiales a partir de las bases de datos proporcionadas por organismos oficiales. En suma, es una propuesta de renovación metodológica a la vez que una apuesta por involucrar a los alumnos y alumnas de Territorio Mudéjar en la aportación de soluciones a los problemas que sus municipios tienen planteados.