bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Robinson Amanda Lea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an integrated summary of the main findings of the book and lays out an agenda for future research. After enumerating the broad takeaways of the book, the chapter first offers speculation about how the Lhomwe cultural revival is likely to evolve given changes in the Malawian electoral system, how interpersonal dynamics may shape further cultural change, and how the Lhomwe revival may impact the cultural and political behavior of other Malawian ethnic groups. It next looks beyond Malawi and provides a brief overview of three other contemporary cultural revivals: the Oromo in Ethiopia, the Arameans in Israel, and the Limbu in Nepal. These brief case studies are leveraged to situate the scope of the book’s argument and the extent of its generalizability, as well as to identity promising avenues for future research through the comparative study of cultural revivals.
Create Layers of Reading
Authors: Bhargava Rahul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Data stories that offer layers of reading can more effectively lead diverse audiences into narratives that are complex and nuanced. The modern efficiency-focused visual forms of data offer us a very limited toolbox, one that doesn’t appeal to broad sets of audiences encountered in community settings. The narrow set of norms that govern data visualization right now don’t offer enough opportunities to construct slowly unfurling narratives. A data fashion show in Tanzania offers an alternative example, showing how culturally resonant materials can be used to effectively engage broader sets of people around data that impacts their lives and communities. The radical methods of participatory theatre offer inspiration for data theatre, an approach that uses performance to build from simple to complex stories. Data theatre leverages theories of embodied learning and somatic memory, bringing data in appropriate ways to new settings, and demonstrating layers of reading in action.
Conclusion
Authors: Bhargava Rahul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Popular data is a framework that offers a larger toolbox for bringing people together around data, specifically designed for pro-social settings in communities. This book catalogs the motivation and practice, building on inspirations from libraries, newspapers, museums, CSOs, and other civic contexts. A set of projects from housing activists in Los Angeles shows how the five key tenets can be applied effectively in a data mini-golf course, a satirical play, and an interactive physical museum exhibit. Popular data helps those working with data in community settings take creative approaches to empowering people with information in effective and more appropriate ways.
Stewardship and ESG in Europe
Authors: Ferrarini Guido , Siri Michele 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Globally, three main legal strategies are used to pursue ESG stewardship: stewardship codes; disclosure regulation; and fiduciary duties. In this chapter, we compare these strategies, focusing on the EU’s approach to ESG stewardship, which is mainly based on regulation. First, we introduce the three strategies from a comparative perspective. We then analyse the extent to which institutional investors are incentivized by EU disclosure regulation to consider ESG issues when investing in corporate securities. We also consider how institutional investors classify their investments in practice according to the importance they attach to ESG considerations, and summarize the criteria they and their asset managers use to select investments from an ESG perspective. Finally, we examine EU legislation on fiduciary duties and sustainability and draw some conclusions on the incentives for institutional investors to analyse and make investment decisions based on ESG data and preferences.
The French ‘Duty of Vigilance’ and the European Proposal on Companies’ Due Diligence Duties
Authors: Pietrancosta Alain 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter deals with recent French and European developments regarding integration of environmental and social due diligence requirements into company law. The reference to French law is justified by the pioneering nature of the duty of ‘vigilance’ introduced in 2017, which served as a model for the European Commission. The proposed European directive is, however, more ambitious in terms of scope, prescriptive content, and enforcement. Normatively, these regulatory developments reflect the incorporation into substantive law of standards that until now have come under soft law or transparency requirements. More specifically, they mark a use and exploitation of company law for environmental and social (E/S) purposes, a consequent politicization of the role of companies, a ‘mix of genres’ between public interest and private interest goals, which can be a source of confusion.
Unconditional Basic Income
Authors: Lister Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Unconditional Basic Income (UBI) defends the reciprocity objection to UBI against the inherited assets argument, while also presenting a Rawlsian case for UBI. Defenders of UBI can claim that taxpayers are not being asked to do more than their conditional duties require, by supporting non-contributors, because recipients are contributing their rightful share of inherited assets. This inheritance is not entirely unconditional, however, but must be limited by prior duties of justice. We also need to think about inheritance prospectively. A social system that is overly competitive will undermine the social conditions in which conditional duties are binding. Justice requires a guarantee of a minimum access to income at all points in time, not just that we maximize the lifetime expectation of the least advantaged. Given uncertainty, the benefits of unconditionality may outweigh its costs, depending on the level at which the UBI is set and what it replaces.
Perception and cognition in music listening
Authors: McAdams Stephen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Perception and cognition organize incoming sensory information into events, objects, and messages, and interpret their meaning in the current context based on knowledge previously acquired through experience within a culture. They also orient attention to relevant events, and store relevant information in memory. An integrative framework for music perception and cognition is proposed through which sound is encoded in the brain and analysed through grouping processes from which auditory attributes of events and event streams are extracted. Sequences of attributes activate knowledge structures in memory, allowing for recognition of sound sources and patterns, building up a mental representation of what is happening in the music, which in turn generates expectations for what follows that then affect further processing of the sensory information.
The perception of musical timbre
Authors: McAdams Stephen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Timbre is a multidimensional perceptual quality, the dimensions of which can be characterized acoustically and semantically. Timbre space models derived from perceptual dissimilarity data can be used to predict aspects of instrumental blends, the perception of timbre intervals, and the integration or segregation of auditory streams based on timbre. Timbral properties play a strong role in the identification of sounding objects and the actions that set them into vibration. Timbre, through orchestration, can be used to structure music into auditory streams, musical surface textures, and orchestral layers and can create timbral contrasts that segment the music perceptually. Timbral properties play an important role along with other musical parameters in the creation of movement between tension and relaxation in music, and timbral patterns can be learned implicitly, opening the door to the creation of timbral grammars in music.
Achieving Better Decisions
Authors: Mayer Benoit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers how climate assessment procedures can help society reach better decisions. First, it explores the roles of the public, decision-makers, and courts in making these decisions. While an extended role for political bodies is justified by climate assessment decisions’ extensive reliance on value-based judgements, it is argued that this should not exclude a role for courts. Second, the chapter reviews the different substantive decisions to which climate assessments can lead. Climate assessment rarely result in the rejection of proposed activities, but the activities that are approved are often subjected to conditions that aim at reducing climate impacts. Third, the chapter assesses the real-world effects of these decisions. Counterintuitively, it is argued that the rejection of a proposed greenhouse gas emitting activity may not achieve as much as a decision to approve the activity with conditions aimed at reducing its climate impact.
Conclusion
Authors: Mayer Benoit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book by formulating 10 policy recommendations for the application of environmental assessment procedures as a tool for climate change mitigation. These recommendations highlight the need to conduct climate assessments in spite of potential policy redundancies, to consider climate impacts both at the screening and scoping stages, to clarify methods for the assessment of significance relevant at different stages of the procedure, to deal with uncertainty in particular with regard to indirect climate impacts, to assess extraterritorial sources of greenhouse gas emissions, to consider public participation as a relevant tool in spite of the absence of directly affected populations, to define relevant and effective mitigation conditions, and to review and improve climate assessment frameworks on a continuous basis.
Indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cause-of-death analysis of life expectancy changes in 24 countries, 2015 to 2022
Authors: Polizzi Antonino , Zhang Luyin , Timonin Sergey , Gupta Aashish , Dowd Jennifer Beam , Leon David A , Aburto José Manuel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Worldwide, mortality was strongly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, both directly through COVID-19 deaths and indirectly through changes in other causes of death. Here, we examine the impact of the pandemic on COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 mortality in 24 countries: Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, England and Wales, Hungary, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, Russia, Scotland, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. Using demographic decomposition methods, we compare age- and cause-specific contributions to changes in female and male life expectancy at birth in 2019–2020, 2020–2021, and 2021–2022 with those before the COVID-19 pandemic (2015–2019). We observe large life expectancy losses due to COVID-19 in most countries, usually followed by partial recoveries. Life expectancy losses due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality were widespread during the pandemic, including in countries with substantial (Russia, Central and Eastern Europe, and the Baltic countries) and more modest (United States) improvements in CVD mortality before the pandemic. Many Anglo-Saxon countries, including Canada, Scotland, and the United States, continued their prepandemic trajectories of rising drug-related mortality. Most countries saw small changes in suicide mortality during the pandemic, while alcohol mortality increased and cancer mortality continued to decline. Patterns for other causes were more variable. By 2022, life expectancy had still not returned to prepandemic levels in several countries. Our results suggest important indirect effects of the pandemic on non-COVID-19 mortality through the consequences of COVID-19 infection, nonpharmaceutical interventions, and underreporting of COVID-19-related deaths.
Inferring structure of cortical neuronal networks from activity data: A statistical physics approach
Authors: Po Ho Fai , Houben Akke Mats , Haeb Anna-Christina , Jenkins David Rhys , Hill Eric J , Parri H Rheinallt , Soriano Jordi , Saad David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Understanding the relation between cortical neuronal network structure and neuronal activity is a fundamental unresolved question in neuroscience, with implications to our understanding of the mechanism by which neuronal networks evolve over time, spontaneously or under stimulation. It requires a method for inferring the structure and composition of a network from neuronal activities. Tracking the evolution of networks and their changing functionality will provide invaluable insight into the occurrence of plasticity and the underlying learning process. We devise a probabilistic method for inferring the effective network structure by integrating techniques from Bayesian statistics, statistical physics, and principled machine learning. The method and resulting algorithm allow one to infer the effective network structure, identify the excitatory and inhibitory type of its constituents, and predict neuronal spiking activity by employing the inferred structure. We validate the method and algorithm’s performance using synthetic data, spontaneous activity of an in silico emulator, and realistic in vitro neuronal networks of modular and homogeneous connectivity, demonstrating excellent structure inference and activity prediction. We also show that our method outperforms commonly used existing methods for inferring neuronal network structure. Inferring the evolving effective structure of neuronal networks will provide new insight into the learning process due to stimulation in general and will facilitate the development of neuron-based circuits with computing capabilities.
P001 The patient journey to diagnosis for axial Spondyloarthritis - The challenges in primary care and the positive impact of specialist axial SpA services
Authors: Eddison Joe , Bamford Sian , Chan Antoni , Chan Marian , Das Dhivya , Freeston Jane , Gregory William J , Gudu Tania , Hutton Kristi , Moorthy Arumugan , Sengupta Raj , Tahir Hasan , Webb Dale 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and aims
The mean average time to diagnosis (TTD) in the UK for axial SpA is currently 8.29 yearsi. However, it should be possible to ensure diagnosis within 12 months of symptom onset to optimise clinical outcomesii. Current evidence suggests significant variability in the patient journey, particularly within primary care, where patients have repeat consultations for axial SpA related symptoms before being referred onward to rheumatologyiii. The National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society (NASS) TTD patient survey assesses where in the pathway patients experience most delays and the factors that may be driving these pinch points.

Methods
We developed a patient self-administered post-diagnosis axial SpA online survey form, and analysed the results along the pathway. Data were collected from 534 patients diagnosed since January 2021.

Results
The average time from first GP appointment to rheumatology referral was the longest wait, at 4.33 years (53% of the total delay). Other elements of the pathway were (mean):
• 2.49 years (31%) from experiencing symptoms to seeking help from a GP,
• 0.39 years (5%) waiting for a first rheumatology appointment following referral,
• 0.88 years (11%) for the time from first appointment in rheumatology to formal diagnosis.
Patients also reported seeing healthcare practitioners multiple times pre diagnosis. Physiotherapists (66%, n = 353) and GPs (63%, n = 337) were seen most frequently, with chiropractors (19%, n = 103) and osteopaths (17%, n = 93) seeing around a fifth of patients repeatedly. P001 Figure 1.Proportional split of average (mean) time to diagnosis by pathway. P001 Figure 2.Number of visits to other Health Care Professionals (HCPs) before receiving a formal diagnosis.
Whilst specialist clinics are not possible everywhere, patients in these settings get a swifter diagnosis due to increased expertise, greater access to co-located MSK radiology services and expedited triage out of general rheumatology pools.

References
1. Eddison J, et al. www.actonaxialspa.com; Webb D, et al. Act on axial SpA: A Gold Standard time for the diagnosis of axial SpA (2021); Al-Attar M, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2021;80(Suppl 1):757.
P004 Difficult to Treat axial Spondyloarthritis- insights from a tertiary rheumatology service
Authors: Weddell Jake , Duckett Millie , Harrison Stephanie R , Barr Andrew , Vandevelde Claire , McGonagle Dennis , Freeston Jane E , Marzo-Ortega Helena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Therapy non-response (NR) can be seen in 30% of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) with some patients requiring multiple therapies. We wanted to assess in our axSpA population those with difficult to treat (D2T) disease as defined in two ways: (ever) failure of any 2 b/ts-DMARDs which we called “standard definition” or (ever) failure ≥2 b/ts-DMARDs with differing mechanisms of action (MoA), “strict definition”.

Aims
To describe the clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics of axSpA patients meeting varying definitions of D2T disease and to compare differences between those responding to their current b/tsDMARD (BASDAI &lt;4) and those who are not (BASDAI ≥4).

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of b/ts-DMARD prescribing in the Leeds Specialist Spondyloarthritis Service identified patients with axSpA treated with a b/ts-DMARD between October 2023 and May 2024. Demographics and clinical characteristics including BASDAI, CRP and imaging were assessed. Patients were classified as NR at the time of assessment based if BASDAI ≥4, as a marker of ongoing disease activity.

Results
Overall, 680 patients on b/ts-DMARDs were identified, of which 109 (16.0%) had (ever) failed any 2 b/ts-DMARDs and 58 (8.5%) ≥2 b/ts-DMARDs with differing MoA. The demographics were similar between groups with mean age (49.2 [SD12.4] vs 49.5 [SD12.3]), predominant male sex (62% vs 65%), HLA-B27 (77% vs 81%), and prevalence of radiographic disease (59% vs 56%) in those meeting standard and strict definitions respectively. At last clinical review, 99 (91%) patients meeting standard definition and 51 (88%) meeting strict definition remained on a b/ts-DMARD. Of the patients reviewed during 2023/2024, 40/55 (73%) meeting the standard definition and 18/25 (72%) meeting the strict definition had NR. In patients experiencing NR, 17/35 (49%) had CRP &gt;5 mg/L in the standard definition compared to 7/15 (47%) in the strict definition. Active inflammation on MRI was found on 1/4 patients meeting the standard criteria and 0/2 patients meeting the strict criteria. All patients had non-axSpA related pathology on MRI.

Conclusions
In this cross-sectional assessment a small proportion of axSpA patients appear to have D2T disease according to above definitions. Objective evidence of inflammation was seen in less than 50% either by CRP, MRI or both, suggesting a mix of non-inflammatory and true refractory disease. Further characterization of these populations in this and larger cohorts may identify predictors of non-response to b/tsDMARD therapy in axSpA.
Protective effect of Auraptene, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on hydrogen peroxide-induced cell toxicity in PC12 cells
Authors: Hadipour Elham , Khodadadi Mahdi , Emami Seyed Ahmad , Haghighi Samaneh Rahamouz , Ramazani Elham , Tayarani-Najaran Zahra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective: Alzheimer's disease (ad) is a progressive and degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that is associated with cognitive and memory impairment. The main factors which have been implicated in neurodegeneration of ad are oxidative stress and cholinergic neurons dysfunction. Here, we examined the effects of auraptene, a novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell death in PC12 cells. Methods: Thereby, we measured cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, AChE inhibitory activity, cell damage and apoptosis with AlmarBlue, 2′, 7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), Ellman method, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, propidium iodide (PI) staining and western blot analysis, respectively. Results: H2O2 (150 μM) resulted in the cell death and apoptosis while, pretreatment with auraptene (10, 20 and 50 μM) significantly increased the viability (P &lt; 0.01), and at 5–50 μM decreased ROS amount (P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.001). Pretreatment with auraptene (10, 20 and 50 μM) lessened AChE activity (P &lt; 0.001), and at 20 and 50 μM reduced the release of LDH (P &lt; 0.001), and at (10, 20 and 50 μM) diminished the percentage of apoptotic cells (P &lt; 0.001). Also, pretreatment with auraptene at 10,20 and 50 μM prevented from poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage (P &lt; 0.001), and cytochrome c release (P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.001). The amount of caspase 3 activity (P &lt; 0.001) and survivin (P &lt; 0.001) were elevated after pretreatment of cells with auraptene at 10–50 μM and 10 and 50 μM. Conclusion: It seems that auraptene has the ability to slow down or stop H2O2-induced nerve cells death by reducing the activity of AChE and suppression of internal pathway of apoptosis.
Transcriptomic and lipidomic profiling reveals distinct bioactive lipid signatures in slow and fast muscles and highlights the role of resolvin‐D2 in fiber type determination during myogenesis
Authors: Rieger Lupann , Molina Thomas , Fabre Paul , Greffard Karine , Pellerito Ornella , Dort Junio , Bilodeau Jean‐François , Dumont Nicolas A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscles are predominantly composed of long, multinucleated muscle fibers, classified according to their metabolic and contractile phenotype. The determination of fiber types is influenced by various factors (e.g., innervation, hormones, physical demand). Our laboratory and others showed that resolvins, lipid mediators derived from omega‐3 fatty acids, promote muscle regeneration and function after an injury or in models of muscular dystrophies; however, the effect of resolvins on the determination of muscle phenotype remains unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of lipid mediators on muscle phenotype during myogenesis. Transcriptomics analysis of single‐nuclei RNAseq data sets revealed that the enzymes responsible for bioactive lipids biosynthesis are differentially expressed in slow fibers versus fast fibers. Lipidomics analysis of slow‐twitch muscle (soleus) versus fast‐twitch muscle (tibialis anterior) showed that the levels of lipids derived from arachidonic acid are similar between muscle groups, but lipids derived from alpha‐linolenic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid are enriched in slow‐twitch muscle. Screening for different lipids in vitro showed that resolvin‐D2 enhances the formation of myotubes expressing the slow myosin heavy chain isoform. In vivo, the administration of resolvin‐D2 enhances muscle strength, increases myofiber size, and affects fiber typing in injured muscles but not in uninjured muscles. Resolvin‐D2 promoted the transition toward the dominant fiber types in regenerating muscle (i.e., type I in the slow‐twitch soleus and type IIB in the fast‐twitch tibialis anterior muscle), suggesting its participation in fiber typing in conjunction with other factors. Overall, these findings identified new roles of bioactive lipids in the regulation of fiber typing, which could have therapeutic applicability in muscle injuries or dystrophies.