bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent effects of statistical learning and top-down attention
Authors: Gao Ya , Theeuwes Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is well known that spatial attention can be directed in a top-down way to task-relevant locations in space. In addition, through visual statistical learning (VSL), attention can be biased towards relevant (target) locations and away from irrelevant (distractor) locations. The present study investigates the interaction between the explicit task-relevant, top-down attention and the lingering attentional biases due to VSL. We wanted to determine the contribution of each of these two processes to attentional selection. In the current study, participants performed a search task while keeping a location in spatial working memory. In Experiment 1, the target appeared more often in one location, and appeared less often in other location. In Experiment 2, a color singleton distractor was presented more often in location than in all other locations. The results show that when the search target matched the location that was kept in working memory, participants were much faster at responding to the search target than when it did not match, signifying top-down attentional selection. Independent of this top-down effect, we found a clear effect of VSL as responses were even faster when target (Experiment 1) or the distractor (Experiment 2) was presented at a more likely location in visual field. We conclude that attentional selection is driven by implicit biases due to statistical learning and by explicit top-down processing, each process individually and independently modulating the neural activity within the spatial priority map.
Be coherent and become heard: The multidimensional impact of narrative coherence on listeners’ social responses
Authors: Vanaken Lauranne , Hermans Dirk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious research has suggested that sharing autobiographical memories in a coherent manner has a beneficial impact on consequent social reactions of listeners. In this experimental study, we were able to replicate earlier findings by demonstrating that listeners (N = 107) showed significantly more willingness to interact with, more social support towards, and a more positive attitude towards coherent than incoherent narrators. Remarkably, these beneficial effects of coherence were observed only for narratives about positive memories. Results are explained in the light of the relevance of positive memories for the social bonding function of autobiographical memory. Furthermore, earlier work was extended and refined by investigating effects of the individual constituting dimensions of coherence (context, chronology, theme) on social responses. In line with our predictions, the dimensions of chronology and theme were most important in impacting social responses of listeners. Possibly a reduction of the attraction effect due to increased effortful processing and reduced credibility due to insufficient emotional elaboration might explain these results respectively. Furthermore, social responses were worse when narratives were incoherent with regard to more than one dimension, in line with the expected additive effect. Overall, fully incoherent narratives, which had had low scores on context, chronology, and theme, had the most adverse effect on listeners’ social responses. This study adds significantly to the domain of memory and cognition by showing how cognitive psychological research would benefit from extending a merely intrapersonal perspective to include an interpersonal perspective that considers social implications of memory and cognition as well.
Apprivoiser l’échec
Authors: Bentégeat Henri , Cotard Jean-Luc 
Published: September 2020

« Quand on est au plus haut niveau de responsabilités, la peur de l’échec, c’est ce que j’appelle le “complexe Gamelin” : il faut veiller chaque jour à ce que jamais juin 1940 ne puisse se reproduire. » À la lumière de son parcours professionnel, de son expérience, le général Bentégeat livre à Inflexions sa réflexion sur ce qu’est l’échec pour un militaire, pourquoi et comment l’apprivoiser afin d’être en mesure de prendre des décisions. Et il revient sur les échecs qu’il a eu à affronter.
Crécy : une défaite parmi d’autres ?
Authors: Hélary Xavier 
Published: September 2020

La répétition des désastres subis par la chevalerie française aux xiv e et xv e siècles pourrait laisser penser que les protagonistes étaient incapables de tirer la moindre leçon de leurs échecs. L’examen de la bataille de Crécy, livrée le 26 août 1346, permet de nuancer cette idée. Au-delà des récits souvent stéréotypés des chroniqueurs contemporains, il apparaît que les chevaliers français tentèrent de s’adapter, même si leurs efforts ne furent pas toujours couronnés de succès, et que les rois Valois furent incontestablement sensibles à ce que nous pourrions appeler le « retour d’expérience ».
Succès ou échec ? La mémoire divisée du sabordage de Toulon
Authors: Vaisset Thomas , Vial Philippe 
Published: September 2020

27 novembre 1942 : échappant in extremis à la mainmise allemande, une partie de la flotte de Vichy se saborde en rade de Toulon. Cette tragédie est devenue depuis le symbole d’un échec absolu et déshonorant, et constitue une sorte de pendant naval à la débâcle du printemps 1940. Pour autant, Toulon ne peut être réduit à un simple échec, en premier lieu au regard de ce qu’est un sabordage dans les traditions navales. Mais aussi, en second lieu, de ce que Toulon fut objectivement à la fois sur le moment, à l’échelle de la guerre ou à celle du xx e siècle. D’ailleurs, les Alliés y virent d’abord un échec cinglant pour les Allemands. De ce fait, Toulon est ainsi, à jamais, un « événement Janus », rien qu’un échec et plus qu’un échec.
Résiliences militaires
Authors: Clervoy Patrick 
Published: September 2020

Dans le cadre d’un suivi psychothérapeutique, l’institution militaire, par sa structure et son fonctionnement, offre au médecin la possibilité de proposer des soins « augmentés » pour restaurer les soldats traumatisés dans leur équilibre psychique et leur adaptation au service actif. Ces manœuvres ne sont pas toujours couronnées de succès. Mais l’échec aurait été de ne rien tenter.
La mort, un échec médical
Authors: Sicard Didier 
Published: September 2020

La mort a disparu de notre société ; elle est reléguée dans un no man’s land , n’est plus visible. Une mise à distance qui a contaminé la médecine au point que le décès d’un patient est aujourd’hui considéré comme un échec, porte ouverte à un acharnement thérapeutique et à la perte d’attention nécessaire à ce moment essentiel de l’existence de l’homme.
Quand l’échec est un soulagement
Authors: Lagadec Patrick 
Published: September 2020

La maîtrise des risques, la planification de crise sont assurément des activités sérieusement conduites. Mais à une condition : qu’il n’y ait pas de questionnement obligeant à sortir des territoires convenus. L’interrogation hors cadre, non tolérable, se heurte à des refus de grande vigueur. Et c’est ainsi que se construisent les échecs majeurs, moins difficiles à supporter que la question, et ceux qui s’aventurent à poser la question. Un soulagement payé au prix fort.
Le latin chez Cingria : de l’imaginaire langagier à l’imaginaire politique
Authors: Schlaifer Clara 
Published: September 2020

L’œuvre de Cingria est hétérogène et nous contraint bien souvent à une lecture kaléidoscopique : nous nous proposons d’utiliser l’imaginaire des langues comme fil conducteur pour distinguer des lignes de force dans cette œuvre. Le discours de l’auteur sur le latin, précisément dans ce qu’il a d’arbitraire, de subjectif et de fantasmatique, permet de tenir ensemble les enjeux esthétiques, plastiques et politiques de l’écriture cingrienne.
« De l’antique préexcellence de Gaule & des Gauloys ». Gallophilie, politique et francité de Louis XII à Henri IV
Authors: Bourdon Étienne 
Published: September 2020

Le xvi e siècle se tourne vers une véritable affirmation de l’origine gauloise de la nation, en mettant progressivement à distance le récit troyen, et en rattachant les Gaulois à l’histoire biblique pour en faire des descendants directs de Noé. S’élabore ainsi un puissant discours croisant savoirs historiques, pouvoirs, religion et identités. De Louis XII à Henri IV, ce thème tend à s’imposer dans les ouvrages d’histoire et dans l’imaginaire royal comme élément constitutif de la francité dont témoigne l’invention du néologisme de « celtosité ».
La Révolution française et les ancêtres gaulois : les ambiguïtés d’une généalogie politique du peuple
Authors: Mazeau Guillaume 
Published: September 2020

Pendant la Révolution qui éclate en France à la fin du xviii e siècle, le mythe de l’origine gauloise du peuple français devient un des principaux récits historiques qui alimentent et divisent le débat public. Utilisé pour désarmer les thèses nobiliaires de la supériorité franque, pour affirmer la prise de souveraineté du peuple, mais aussi pour revendiquer l’appropriation de droits antiques qui auraient été usurpés lors des époques ultérieures, ce récit est pourtant lourd d’ambiguïtés : il renforce autant la défense transnationale d’un droit des gens qu’il alimente les premiers nationalismes européens.
Le Moyen Âge idéalisé de l’extrême droite européenne
Authors: François Stéphane 
Published: September 2020

Le Moyen Âge a toujours intéressé l’extrême droite. Le recours à cette période historique permet aux militants de ce courant d’élaborer une ontologie, de concevoir un monde dont ils souhaitent l’avènement. Leur principale référence en ce domaine est le penseur antimoderne italien Julius Evola, qui influença grandement les droites radicales européennes dans les années 1960 et 1970. Le recours à cet auteur leur a permis de concevoir à la fois un nationalisme européen se réclamant du Saint-Empire Romain Germanique, et une nouvelle chevalerie incarnée par le militant d’extrême droite.
Le décor peint d’Arnouville-lès-Gonesse (Val-d’Oise)
Authors: Flécher Jean-François 
Published: September 2020

Le décor peint d’Arnouville-lès-Gonesse a été reconstitué à partir de fragments jetés dans une fosse au plus tard au début du iiie siècle ap. J.-C. Sa zone inférieure, formée de grands panneaux surmontés par une bande de petits compartiments, imite un haut lambris en opus sectile. Au-dessus alternent des grands panneaux rouges et d’étroits panneaux noirs à décor végétalisé, que séparent des doubles colonnettes sur piédestal. Ses dimensions, le réalisme de son trompe-l’œil, le choix des marbres représentés et les motifs utilisés (étoile de trois boucliers, pelte, peau de panthère) placent ce décor dans la série des peintures des salles d’apparat, voire d’édifices monumentaux du milieu du iie siècle.
HISTÓRIAS SOBRE A PRÁTICA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA NO AMBIENTE ONLINE
Authors: Dos Santos Ferreira Geralda 
Published: September 2020

Por muito tempo, em minhas aulas de língua inglesa, procurei priorizar o livro didático sem me atentar para as reais necessidades de meus alunos. No entanto, uma experiência com meus alunos, no ambiente online, trouxe novas perspectivas. Portanto, nesse artigo, narro minha experiência com meus alunos, em um grupo formado no Facebook para a prática de língua inglesa. Meu objetivo é analisar a construção do currículo de língua inglesa em um contexto diferente do tradicional. Nesse estudo, percorro o caminho da pesquisa narrativa para compreender a experiência vivenciada com meus alunos no Facebook.
O ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA
Authors: Melo de Souza Ivanise , Pereira da Silva Verônica , Maria Silva Reis Oliveira Ramony 
Published: September 2020

O Estágio Curricular Supervisionado desempenha um papel fundamental nos cursos de formação de professores possibilitando o acesso aos conhecimentos específicos ou da área de referência, conhecimentos pedagógicos apoiados em componentes curriculares, conhecimentos que são objetos de ensino e conhecimentos da prática profissional. Nesta perspectiva, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a importância do Estágio Supervisionado na percepção dos acadêmicos do Curso de licenciatura em Pedagogia na Unimontes. Está estudo apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo utilizado o questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados. Por meio dos resultados apresentados na pesquisa pôde se constatar que o Estágio Supervisionado constitui se um componente curricular obrigatório nos cursos de licenciaturas e desempenha um papel fundamental no processo de formação de professores. O Estágio Supervisionado possibilita a articulação entre a universidade e a sociedade, proporcionando uma integração à realidade escolar e o exercício da futura profissão, bem como e ampliação de conhecimentos e habilidades construídos na universidade e na escola-campo. Neste sentido, o estágio envolve uma atitude de reflexão sobre a teoria e a prática e suas contribuições na formação docente e construção da identidade profissional do licenciado.
The impact of traffic on air quality in Ireland: insights from the simultaneous kerbside and suburban monitoring of submicron aerosols
Authors: Lin Chunshui , Ceburnis Darius , Xu Wei , Heffernan Eimear , Hellebust Stig , Gallagher John , Huang Ru-Jin , O'Dowd Colin , Ovadnevaite Jurgita 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. To evaluate the impact of traffic on urban air quality,
the chemical composition of submicron aerosols (PM1) and sources of
organic aerosol (OA) were simultaneously investigated at a kerbside site in
the Dublin city center and a residential site in suburban Dublin
(∼ 5 km apart) from 4 September to 9 November in 2018. Through
the detailed comparison of a 1-week nonheating period from 10 to 17 September and a 1-week heating period from 27 October to 4 November, black
carbon (BC) was found to be the most dominant component (38 %–55 % or
5.6–7.1 µg m−3) of PM1 at the kerbside, while OA was the most
important (46 %–64 % of PM1 or 1.0–8.1 µg m−3) at the
residential site. The daily and weekly cycle of BC at the kerbside during
the nonheating period pointed to the major source of vehicular emissions,
consistent with that for nitrogen oxides (NOx). However, traffic
emissions were found to have a minor impact on air quality at the
residential site, due to its distance from traffic sources and the
effects of wind speed and wind direction. As a result of vehicular emissions
and the street canyon effect, the kerbside increment (from the urban background)
ratio of up to 25 : 1 was found for BC during the nonheating period but
reduced to 10 : 1 during the heating period due to the additional sources of
solid fuel burning impacting the air quality at both sites simultaneously.
OA source analysis shows only 16 %–28 % (0.9–1.0 µg m−3; upper
limit for traffic due to the additional heating source of hydrocarbon-like
OA – HOA) of OA at the kerbside associated with vehicular emissions, with
higher contributions from cooking (18 %–36 % or 1.2 µg m−3), solid
fuel burning (38 % or 2.4 µg m−3; resolved only during the
heating period), and oxygenated OA (29 %–37 % or 1.2–1.9 µg m−3).
At the residential site, solid fuel burning contributed to 60 % (4.9 µg m−3) of OA during the heating period, while oxygenated OA (OOA) accounted
for almost 65 % (0.6 µg m−3) of OA during the nonheating
period. Based on simultaneous investigations of PM1 at different urban
settings (i.e., residential versus kerbside), this study highlights the temporal and
spatial variability of sources within the Dublin city center and the need for
additional aerosol characterization studies to improve targeted mitigation
solutions for greater impact on urban air quality. Moreover, traffic and
residential heating may hold different implications for health and climate,
as indicated by the significant increment of BC at the kerbside and the
large geographic impact of OA from residential heating at both the kerbside
and residential sites.
A spaceborne SAR-based procedure to support the detection of landslides
Authors: Esposito Giuseppe , Marchesini Ivan , Mondini Alessandro Cesare , Reichenbach Paola , Rossi Mauro , Sterlacchini Simone 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The increasing availability of free-access satellite data represents a relevant opportunity for the analysis and assessment of natural hazards. The systematic acquisition of spaceborne imagery allows for monitoring areas prone to geohydrological disasters, providing relevant information for risk evaluation and management. In cases of major landslide events, for example, spaceborne radar data can provide an effective solution for the
detection of slope failures, even in cases with persistent cloud cover. The
information about the extension and location of the landslide-affected areas may support decision-making processes during emergency responses. In this paper, we present an automatic procedure based on Sentinel-1
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, aimed at facilitating the detection of
landslides over wide areas. Specifically, the procedure evaluates changes of radar backscattered signals associated with land cover modifications that may be also caused by mass movements. After a one-time calibration of some
parameters, the processing chain is able to automatically execute the
download and preprocessing of images, the detection of SAR amplitude
changes, and the identification of areas potentially affected by landslides, which are then displayed in a georeferenced map. This map should help decision makers and emergency managers to organize field investigations. The process of automatization is implemented with specific scripts running on a GNU/Linux operating system and exploiting modules of open-source software. We tested the processing chain, in back analysis, on an area of about 3000 km2 in central Papua New Guinea that was struck by a severe seismic sequence in February–March 2018. In the area, we simulated a periodic survey of about 7 months, from 12 November 2017 to 6 June 2018, downloading 36 Sentinel-1 images and performing 17 change detection analyses automatically. The procedure resulted in statistical and graphical evidence of widespread land cover changes that occurred just after the most severe seismic events. Most of the detected changes can be interpreted as mass movements triggered by the seismic shaking.
Stabilizing Zinc Anode Reactions by Polyethylene Oxide Polymer in Mild Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Jin Yan , Han Kee Sung , Shao Yuyan , Sushko Maria L. , Xiao Jie , Pan Huilin , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractZn dendrites growth and poor cycling stability are significant challenges for rechargeable aqueous Zn batteries. Zn metal deposition‐dissolution in aqueous electrolytes is typically determined by Zn anode–electrolyte interfaces. In this work, the role of a long‐chain polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer as a multifunctional electrolyte additive in stabilizing Zn metal anodes is reported. PEO molecules suppress Zn2+ ion transfer kinetics and regulate Zn2+ ion concentration in the vicinity of Zn anodes through interactions between ether groups of PEO and Zn2+ ions. The suppressed Zn2+ ion transfer kinetics and homogeneous Zn2+ ion distribution at the interface promotes dendrite‐free homogeneous Zn deposition. In addition, electrochemically inert PEO molecules adsorbed onto Zn anodes can protect the anode surfaces from H2 generation and, thereby, enhance their electrochemical stability. Stable cycling over 3000 h and high reversibility (Coulombic efficiency > 99.5%) of Zn anodes is demonstrated in 1 m ZnSO4 electrolyte with 0.5 wt% PEO. This finding provides helpful insights into the mechanism of Zn metal anodes stabilization by low‐cost multifunctional polymer electrolyte additives that stabilize interfacial reactions.
Unnatural Amino‐Acid‐Based Star‐Shaped Poly(l‐Ornithine)s as Emerging Long‐Term and Biofilm‐Disrupting Antimicrobial Peptides to Treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa‐Infected Burn Wounds
Authors: Pan Miao , Lu Chao , Zheng Maochao , Zhou Wen , Song Fuling , Chen Weidong , Yao Fen , Liu Daojun , Cai Jianfeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPeptide‐based antimicrobial materials are recognized as promising alternatives to antibiotics to circumvent the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria or to combat multiple resistant bacteria by targeting the bacterial cell membrane. The components and conformations of antimicrobial peptides are extensively explored to achieve broad‐spectrum and effective antimicrobial activity. Here, star‐shaped antimicrobial polypeptides are fabricated by employing homologs of poly(l‐lysine)s (i.e., poly(l‐ornithine)s, poly(l‐lysine)s, and poly(l‐α,ζ‐diaminoheptylic acid)s) with the aim of modulating their charge/hydrophobicity balance and rationalizing their structure–antimicrobial property relationships. The in vitro antibacterial investigation reveals that unnatural amino‐acid‐based star‐shaped poly(l‐ornithine)s have remarkable proteolytic stability, excellent biofilm‐disrupting capacity, and broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity, even against difficult‐to‐kill Gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, star‐shaped poly(l‐ornithine)s significantly reduce the microbial burden and improve the burn wound healing of mouse skin infected with P. aeruginosa. These results demonstrate that unnatural amino‐acid‐based star‐shaped poly(l‐ornithine)s can serve as emerging long‐term and biofilm‐disrupting antimicrobial agents to treat biofilm‐related infections in burn, especially caused by notorious P. aeruginosa.
Mechanical and Non‐Mechanical Functions of Filamentous and Non‐Filamentous Vimentin
Authors: Patteson Alison E. , Vahabikashi Amir , Goldman Robert D. , Janmey Paul A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntermediate filaments (IFs) formed by vimentin are less understood than their cytoskeletal partners, microtubules and F‐actin, but the unique physical properties of IFs, especially their resistance to large deformations, initially suggest a mechanical function. Indeed, vimentin IFs help regulate cell mechanics and contractility, and in crowded 3D environments they protect the nucleus during cell migration. Recently, a multitude of studies, often using genetic or proteomic screenings show that vimentin has many non‐mechanical functions within and outside of cells. These include signaling roles in wound healing, lipogenesis, sterol processing, and various functions related to extracellular and cell surface vimentin. Extracellular vimentin is implicated in marking circulating tumor cells, promoting neural repair, and mediating the invasion of host cells by viruses, including SARS‐CoV, or bacteria such as Listeria and Streptococcus. These findings underscore the fundamental role of vimentin in not only cell mechanics but also a range of physiological functions. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/YPfoddqvz-g.