bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phronesis in Medical Ethics: Courage and Motivation to Keep on the Track of Rightness in Decision-Making
Authors: Malik Aisha , Conroy Mervyn , Turner Chris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEthical decision making in medicine has recently seen calls to move towards less prescriptive- based approaches that consider the particularities of each case. The main alternative call from the literature is for better understanding ofphronesis(practical wisdom) concepts applied to decision making. A well-citedphronesis-based approach is Kaldjian’s five-stage theoretical framework: goals, concrete circumstances, virtues, deliberation and motivation to act. We build on Kaldjian’s theory after using his framework to analyse data collected from a three-year empirical study ofphronesisand the medical community. The data are a set of narratives collected in response to asking a medical community (131 doctors at various stages of their careers) what making ethically wise decisions means to them. We found that Kaldjian’s five concepts are present in the accounts to some extent but that one of the elements, motivation, is constructed as playing a different, though still crucial role. Rather than being an end-stage of the process as Kaldjian’s framework suggests, motivation was constructed as initiating the process and maintaining the momentum of taking aphronesis-based approach. The implications for medical ethics decision-making education are significant as motivation itself is a highly complex concept. We therefore theorise that motivation is required for leading in, continuing and completing the actions of the ethical decision taken. Appreciating the central importance of motivation through the whole of Kaldjian’s framework has implications for cultivating the virtues ofphronesisand courage to take the right course of action.
Motivational Interviewing and Return to Work for People with Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Mapping Review
Authors: Aanesen Fiona , Berg Rigmor , Løchting Ida , Tingulstad Alexander , Eik Hedda , Storheim Kjersti , Grotle Margreth , Øiestad Britt Elin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurpose There is limited knowledge about motivational interviewing (MI) for people on sick leave with musculoskeletal disorders. Hence, our objective was to investigate what research on MI as a method to facilitate return to work for individuals who are on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders exists, and what are the results of the research? Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts, Epistemonikos, SveMed + and DARE & HTA (covering 1983 to August 2019). We also searched the MINT bulletin and relevant web pages. Eligibility criteria: empirical studies investigating MI and return to work for people with musculoskeletal disorders. Two authors independently screened the records, critically appraised the studies and charted the data using a data extraction form. Results The searches identified 1264 records of which two studies were included. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) found no effect of MI on return to work for disability pensioner with back pain (n = 89, high risk of bias), while a cluster RCT found that MI increased return to work for claimants with chronic musculoskeletal disorders (n = 728, low risk of bias). Conclusions This mapping review identified a huge gap in research on MI to increase return to work for individuals with musculoskeletal disorders. Registration Current Research Information System in Norway, project id: 635823 (https://app.cristin.no/projects/show.jsf?id=635823).
Kalman-based Spectro-Temporal ECG Analysis using Deep Convolutional Networks for Atrial Fibrillation Detection
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Särkkä Simo , Rad Ali Bahrami 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, we propose a novel ECG classification framework for atrial fibrillation (AF) detection using spectro-temporal representation (i.e., time varying spectrum) and deep convolutional networks. In the first step we use a Bayesian spectro-temporal representation based on the estimation of time-varying coefficients of Fourier series using Kalman filter and smoother. Next, we derive an alternative model based on a stochastic oscillator differential equation to accelerate the estimation of the spectro-temporal representation in lengthy signals. Finally, after comparative evaluations of different convolutional architectures, we propose an efficient deep convolutional neural network to classify the 2D spectro-temporal ECG data. The ECG spectro-temporal data are classified into four different classes: AF, non-AF normal rhythm (Normal), non-AF abnormal rhythm (Other), and noisy segments (Noisy). The performance of the proposed methods is evaluated and scored with the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology (CinC) 2017 dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the overall F1 score of 80.2%, which is in line with the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Deep learning-based monocular placental pose estimation: towards collaborative robotics in fetoscopy
Authors: Ahmad Mirza Awais , Ourak Mouloud , Gruijthuijsen Caspar , Deprest Jan , Vercauteren Tom , Vander Poorten Emmanuel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a placental defect occurring in monochorionic twin pregnancies. It is associated with high risks of fetal loss and perinatal death. Fetoscopic elective laser ablation (ELA) of placental anastomoses has been established as the most effective therapy for TTTS. Current tools and techniques face limitations in case of more complex ELA cases. Visualization of the entire placental surface and vascular equator; maintaining an adequate distance and a close to perpendicular angle between laser fiber and placental surface are central for the effectiveness of laser ablation and procedural success. Robot-assisted technology could address these challenges, offer enhanced dexterity and ultimately improve the safety and effectiveness of the therapeutic procedures.

Methods
This work proposes a ‘minimal’ robotic TTTS approach whereby rather than deploying a massive and expensive robotic system, a compact instrument is ‘robotised’ and endowed with ‘robotic’ skills so that operators can quickly and efficiently use it. The work reports on automatic placental pose estimation in fetoscopic images. This estimator forms a key building block of a proposed shared-control approach for semi-autonomous fetoscopy. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is trained to predict the relative orientation of the placental surface from a single monocular fetoscope camera image. To overcome the absence of real-life ground-truth placenta pose data, similar to other works in literature (Handa et al. in: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 2016; Gaidon et al. in: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 2016; Vercauteren et al. in: Proceedings of the IEEE, 2019) the network is trained with data generated in a simulated environment and an in-silico phantom model. A limited set of coarsely manually labeled samples from real interventions are added to the training dataset to improve domain adaptation.

Results
The trained network shows promising results on unseen samples from synthetic, phantom and in vivo patient data. The performance of the network for collaborative control purposes was evaluated in a virtual reality simulator in which the virtual flexible distal tip was autonomously controlled by the neural network.

Conclusion
Improved alignment was established compared to manual operation for this setting, demonstrating the feasibility to incorporate a CNN-based estimator in a real-time shared control scheme for fetoscopic applications.
Analytic roughness prediction by deep rolling
Authors: Denkena B. , Abrão A. , Krödel A. , Meyer K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeep rolling is a widely applied mechanical surface and subsurface treatment method. It is typically used after conventional machining to improve the roughness, increase the surface hardness and to induce compressive residual stresses. The main influence parameters on the surface topography are the applied deep rolling pressure, the ball diameter and the feed. In general, low feeds, larger ball diameters and higher pressures result in an even surface finish. However, an exact prediction of the roughness is not possible. Therefore, it is the aim of the presented research to find a generally applicable method for surface roughness prediction after deep rolling for a variety of steel and aluminum materials. It is shown that the surface topography can be predicted by an analytical model with high accuracy.
Dry Deep Drawing of Aluminum and the Influence of Sheet Metal Roughness
Authors: Flegler Felix , Groche Peter , Abraham Tim , Bräuer Günter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDry forming processes are associated with major challenges, especially when it comes to aluminum as the workpiece material. Major losses in process quality and robustness occur when lubricants are spared. This is due to the high adhesion tendency of aluminum towards common tool materials. Nanoscopically smooth coatings based on amorphous hydrocarbons (a-C:H) can significantly reduce wear. Further preliminary investigations have shown that a reduction of the roughness of a mill-finished sheet results in a significant improvement with regard to the friction and wear behavior in the strip drawing test. These tests are now transferred to a real workpiece. First, the different zones of the deep drawing process are modeled in the strip drawing test and coefficients of friction are derived. Flawless deep drawing tests can be carried out with nanoscopically smooth a-C:H coatings. By polishing the sheets and using the a-C:H coated tools without further surface treatment, the dry friction and wear are reduced, but compared with experiments on smoothened a-C:H coatings, the necessary process forces are higher and may lead to rupture of the aluminum sheet.
Plasma and Nail Zinc Concentrations, But Not Hair Zinc, Respond Positively to Two Different Forms of Preventive Zinc Supplementation in Young Laotian Children: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wessells K. Ryan , Brown Kenneth H. , Arnold Charles D. , Barffour Maxwell A. , Hinnouho Guy-Marino , Killilea David W. , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Hess Sonja Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlasma zinc concentrations (PZC) have been shown to significantly increase during zinc supplementation. This study investigated the effects of daily preventive zinc supplementation on hair and nail zinc concentrations compared with a control group. In a randomized controlled trial, 6- to 23-month-old children (n = 3407) in Lao PDR were randomly assigned to one of four groups and followed for ~ 36 weeks: daily preventive zinc dispersible tablet (7 mg/d; PZ), daily micronutrient powder (10 mg zinc/d; MNP), therapeutic zinc supplements for diarrhea treatment (20 mg/d for 10 days; TZ), or daily placebo powder (Control). Plasma, hair, and nail zinc concentrations were assessed in a sub-sample of participants (n = 457) at baseline and endline. At baseline, 75% of children had low PZC (< 65 μg/dL). At endline, geometric mean (95% CI) PZC were greater in the PZ and MNP groups compared with the TZ and control groups (P < 0.01), but hair zinc concentrations did not differ among groups (P = 0.99). Nail zinc concentrations were marginally higher in the PZ (115.8 (111.6, 119.9) μg/g) and the MNP (117.8 (113.3, 122.3) μg/g) groups than in the TZ group (110.4 (106.0, 114.8) μg/g;P = 0.055) at endline. This study does not support the use of hair zinc as a biomarker of zinc exposure in young children. However, it provides some evidence that zinc concentrations in nails may respond to supplemental zinc interventions and supports the need for collecting additional data on this emerging biomarker.
Fingolimod Affects Transcription of Genes Encoding Enzymes of Ceramide Metabolism in Animal Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Jęśko Henryk , Wencel Przemysław L. , Wójtowicz Sylwia , Strosznajder Joanna , Lukiw Walter J. , Strosznajder Robert P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe imbalance in sphingolipid signaling may be critically linked to the upstream events in the neurodegenerative cascade of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We analyzed the influence of mutant (V717I) amyloid β precursor protein (AβPP) transgene on sphingolipid metabolism enzymes in mouse hippocampus. At 3 months of age AβPP/Aβ presence upregulated enzymes of ceramide turnover on the salvage pathway: ceramide synthases (CERS2, CERS4, CERS6) and also ceramidase ACER3. At 6 months, only CERS6 was elevated, and no ceramide synthase was increased at 12 months. However, sphingomyelin synthases, which utilize ceramide on the sphingomyelinase pathway, were reduced (SGMS1 at 12 and SGMS2 at 6 months). mRNAs for sphingomyelin synthases SGMS1 and SGMS2 were also significantly downregulated in human AD hippocampus and neocortex when compared with age-matched controls. Our findings suggest early-phase deregulation of sphingolipid homeostasis in favor of ceramide signaling. Fingolimod (FTY720), a modulator of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors countered the AβPP-dependent upregulation of hippocampal ceramide synthase CERS2 at 3 months. Moreover, at 12 months, FTY720 increased enzymes of ceramide-sphingosine turnover: CERS4, ASAH1, and ACER3. We also observed influence of fingolimod on the expression of the sphingomyelinase pathway enzymes. FTY720 counteracted the AβPP-linked reduction of sphingomyelin synthases SGMS1/2 (at 12 and 6 months, respectively) and led to elevation of sphingomyelinase SMPD2 (at 6 and 12 months). Therefore, our results demonstrate potentially beneficial, age-specific effects of fingolimod on transcription of sphingolipid metabolism enzymes in an animal model of AD.
ECO-SEOM-SEEO safety recommendations guideline for cancer patients receiving intravenous therapy
Authors: Magallón-Pedrera I. , Pérez-Altozano J. , Virizuela Echaburu J. A. , Beato-Zambrano C. , Borrega-García P. , de la Torre-Montero J. C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeCancer patients require implantation of venous access devices to meet their personalized therapeutic needs, which are often complex due to the nature of the medication and the disease status. Therefore, it is essential to have standardized protocols that guarantee the best results in health and patient safety.MethodsTo learn about the availability of protocols and aspects related to safety in clinical practice and to detect possible opportunities for improvement, a survey has been conducted in various Spanish hospitals, in addition to a review of the evidence regarding the various devices available and complications associated with the administration of chemotherapy.ResultsAs a result of both analyses, the Foundation for Excellence and Quality in Oncology (ECO), the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), and the Spanish Society of Oncology Nursing (SEEO) have developed a catheter selection algorithm based on patient characteristics and treatment to facilitate the clinical decision-making process, as well as some recommendations aimed at ensuring patient safety and rational use of available resources.ConclusionsIn conclusion, both the venous access catheter selection algorithm and the proposed recommendations aim to respond to the needs revealed in clinical practice and to become an integrable tool in electronic prescription systems to offer homogeneous criteria for action in cancer patients that require venous access, optimizing the use of available health resources with the highest safety and quality of life for the patient.
Die Ganztagskoordination und ihre Bedeutung für die multiprofessionelle Kooperation an Ganztagsschulen. Eine explorative Fallstudie
Authors: Reinert Martin 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungNeben dem ‚Mehr an Zeit‘ ist die multiprofessionelle Kooperation zu einem wesentlichen Merkmal von Ganztagsschulen geworden. An die Zusammenarbeit zwischen unterschiedlich pädagogisch Tätigen werden Erwartungen gesetzt, da multiprofessionelle Teams gemeinsam erweiterte Bildungsinhalte und Lernerfahrungen für Schüler/innen ermöglichen sollen. Die Ganztagsschule expandiert so zu einem Ort mit erhöhtem Kooperationsbedarf und konfrontiert die schulischen Akteure mit zusätzlichen Anforderungen. Um den Herausforderungen der multiprofessionellen Kooperation nachzukommen, können Schulleiter/innen u. a. auf sog. Ganztagskoordinationen zurückgreifen. Aktuell lässt sich aufgrund des Mangels an einschlägigen Forschungsbefunden jedoch nur spekulieren, wodurch sich die Tätigkeiten von Ganztagskoordinator/innen tatsächlich auszeichnen. Zwar beschreiben einige Studien und Praxisempfehlungen die multiprofessionelle Kooperation als relevanten Ausschnitt des Aufgabenfeldes von Ganztagskoordinator/innen und weisen diesbezüglich auf erforderliche Kompetenzen hin, der konkrete Wirkungszusammenhang der Kooperation bleibt dabei aber unberührt. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es daher, anhand einer Fallstudie grundlegend der Frage nach der Bedeutung der Ganztagskoordination für die multiprofessionelle Kooperation an Ganztagsschulen nachzugehen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Ganztagskoordination nicht nur eine strukturell wichtige Position in der Ganztagsschule einnimmt, sondern auch, dass sie gezielt für eine Aufrechterhaltung pädagogischer Zuständigkeitsbereiche genutzt wird.
Long-time behavior of Lévy-driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes with regime switching
Authors: Liao Zhongwei , Shao Jinghai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate the long-time behavior of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process driven by Lévy noise with regime switching. We provide explicit criteria on the transience and recurrence of this process. Contrasted with the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process driven simply by Brownian motion, whose stationary distribution must be light-tailed, both the jumps caused by the Lévy noise and the regime switching described by a Markov chain can derive the heavy-tailed property of the stationary distribution. The different role played by the Lévy measure and the regime-switching process is clearly characterized.
Associations between serum carotenoid levels and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case–control study
Authors: Li Shan , Zhu Xianglu , Zhu Lin , Hu Xin , Wen Shujuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLimited studies have investigated the effects of serum carotenoids on the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and the findings have been inconclusive. This study aims to assess the association between serum total or specific carotenoid levels and NHL risk. This 1:1 matched, hospital-based case–control study enrolled 512 newly diagnosed (within 1 month) NHL patients and 512 healthy controls who were matched by age (±5 years) and sex in Urumqi, China. Serum carotenoid levels were measured by HPLC. Conditional logistic regression showed that higher serum total carotenoid levels and their subtypes (e.g.α-carotene,β-carotene,β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene) were dose-dependently associated with decreased NHL risk. The multivariable-adjusted OR and their 95 % CI for NHL risk for quartile 4 (v. quartile 1) were 0·31 (95 % CI 0·22, 0·48;Pfor trend< 0·001) for total carotenoids, 0·52 (95 % CI 0·33, 0·79;Pfor trend: 0·003) forα-carotene, 0·63 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·94;Pfor trend: 0·031) forβ-carotene, 0·73 (95 % CI 0·49, 1·05;Pfor trend: 0·034) forβ-cryptoxanthin and 0·51 (95 % CI 0·34, 0·75;Pfor trend: 0·001) for lycopene. A null association was observed between serum lutein + zeaxanthin and NHL risk (OR 0·89, 95 % CI 0·57, 1·38;Pfor trend: 0·556). Significant interactions were observed after stratifying according to smoking status, and inverse associations were more evident among current smokers than past or never smokers for total carotenoids,α-carotene and lycopene (Pfor heterogeneity: 0·047, 0·042 and 0·046). This study indicates that higher serum carotenoid levels might be inversely associated with NHL risk, especially among current smokers.
Triassic magmatism in the European Southern Alps as an early phase of Pangea break-up
Authors: De Min Angelo , Velicogna Matteo , Ziberna Luca , Chiaradia Massimo , Alberti Antonio , Marzoli Andrea 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMagmatic rocks from the Dolomites, Carnic and Julian Alps, Italy, have been sampled to investigate the origin and geodynamic setting of Triassic magmatism in the Southern Alps. Basaltic, gabbroic and lamprophyric samples have been characterized for their petrography, mineral chemistry, whole-rock major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions. Geothermobarometric estimates suggest that the basaltic magmas crystallized mostly at depths of 14–20 km. Isotopic data show variable degrees of crustal contamination decreasing westwards, probably reflecting a progressively more restitic nature of the crust, which has been variably affected by melting during the Permian period. Geochemical and isotopic data suggest that the mantle source was metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. In agreement with previous studies and based on geological evidence, we argue that this metasomatism was not contemporaneous with the Ladinian–Carnian magmatism but was related to previous subduction episodes. The lamprophyres, which likely originated some 20 Ma later by lower degrees of melting and at higher pressures with respect to the basaltic suite, suggest that the mantle source regions of Triassic magmatism in the Dolomites was both laterally and vertically heterogeneous. We conclude that the orogenic signatures of the magmas do not imply any coeval subduction in the surrounding of Adria. We rather suggest that this magmatism is related to the Triassic rifting episodes that affected the western Mediterranean region and that were ultimately connected to the rifting events that caused the break-up of Pangea during the Late Triassic – Early Jurassic period.
Feelings of obligation are valuations of signaling-mediated social payoffs
Authors: Rotella Amanda , Sparks Adam Maxwell , Barclay Pat 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We extend Tomasello's framework by addressing the functional challenge of obligation. If the long-run social consequences of a decision are sufficiently costly, obligation motivates the actor to forgo potential immediate benefits in favor of long-term social interests. Thus, obligation psychology balances the downstream socially-mediated payoffs from a decision. This perspective can predict when and why obligation will be experienced.
Caregiving relationships as evolutionary and developmental bases of obligation
Authors: Reddy Rachna B. , Wellman Henry M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Obligation as defined by Tomasello requires mutually capable parties, but one-sided caregiver relationships reveal its developmental and evolutionary precursors. Specifically, “coercive” emotions may prompt protective action by caregivers toward infant primates, and infants show distress toward caregivers when they appear to violate expectations in their relationships. We argue that these early social-relational expectations and emotions may form the base of obligation.
Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations
Authors: Anderson Rajen A. , Ruisch Benjamin C. , Pizarro David A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what oneshoulddo) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what oneshould notdo). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.