bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular lesions in genital lichen sclerosus in pediatric patients
Authors: Friedland Rivka , Ben‐Amitai Dan , Didkovsky Elena , Feinmesser Meora , Zvulunov Alex 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesLichen sclerosus is a rare, pruritic, mucocutaneous disease affecting mostly the anogenital area. Reports have occasionally associated lichen sclerosus with overlapping vascular lesions. This study explores this association in children.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in the dermatology unit of a pediatric tertiary care medical center. Electronic medical records were searched for patients diagnosed with lichen sclerosus from 2006 to 2019. Review of the cases was performed to identify overlapping vascular lesions and review the clinical course of overlap cases.ResultsOf 74 children diagnosed with lichen sclerosus during the study period, five (6.75%) had overlapping vascular lesions and genital lichen sclerosus. Four patients presented with reticular telangiectatic macules and patches (n = 4, 5.4%) that appeared at or shortly after disease onset; resolution occurred a few months after treatment initiation. The fifth patient presented with telangiectases that appeared more than 2 years after the onset of the first symptoms of lichen sclerosus (n = 1, 1.3%).ConclusionVascular lesions in children with genital lichen sclerosus are common and have variable clinical manifestations. Early appearance of reticular macules, patches, and papules is a variant of the disease and is followed by prompt resolution of these lesions. Pathogenesis is attributed to structural changes and repositioning of the papillary vascular plexus. These changes may be alarming to parents and therefore must be recognized by physicians to prevent unnecessary concern and investigations.
A microchip flow‐chamber assay screens congenital primary hemostasis disorders
Authors: Nakajima Yuto , Yada Koji , Ogiwara Kenichi , Furukawa Shoko , Shimonishi Naruto , Shima Midori , Nogami Keiji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundVon Willebrand disease (VWD) and platelet function disorders (PFDs) are congenital bleeding disorders caused by primary hemostasis defects. Platelet function tests are time‐consuming and require considerable amounts of blood sample, and there have been no easy‐to‐use assays for assessing platelet function quickly and sensitively. We report the usefulness of a microchip flow‐chamber system (T‐TAS®) for detecting and/or predicting clinical severity in patients with VWD type 1 and type 2N and platelet storage pool disease. Here, we developed an application of a screening assay for primary hemostasis disorders.MethodsMicrochips coated with collagen (PL‐chip) and collagen/thromboplastin (AR‐chip) were utilized to evaluate platelet thrombus formation (PTF) at high shear and fibrin‐rich PTF at low shear, respectively, in whole blood samples from 22 patients with VWD (16 type 2A, four type 2B, two type 3) and four patients with PFDs (two BSS, two Glanzmann thrombasthenia). The time‐to‐increase by 10 kPa (T10) was calculated from flow pressure curves. Also, whole blood‐induced platelet aggregation was assessed using Multiplate® analysis.ResultsPL‐chip T10 values ≥10 min successfully distinguished patients with all types of VWD and PFDs from healthy controls, irrespective of age, bleeding scores, and von Willebrand factor levels. However, AR‐chip assay incompletely distinguished between type 2A patients and healthy ones. Multiplate analysis permitted screening of PFDs and type 3 VWD, but values in type 2A partially overlapped with those in controls. PL‐chip assay did not reflect the clinical severity in these patients.ConclusionsT‐TAS with PL‐chip could be a quick screening tool for congenital primary hemostasis disorder, VWD, and PFDs.
Multi‐organism gastrointestinal polymerase chain reaction positivity among pediatric transplant vs non‐transplant populations: A single‐center experience
Authors: Stone John M. , Savage Andrew , Hudspeth Michelle , Twombley Katherine , Kasi Nagraj , Quiros Jose Antonio , Arbizu Ricardo A. , Curry Scott 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiarrhea is a common problem in the pediatric post‐solid organ transplant and post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplant populations. Infectious etiology incidences are poorly defined, and the possibility of multi‐organism positivity is often uninvestigated. The aim of this study is to utilize stool multiplex GIP assays to compare the PTP and NTP regarding the incidence and profiles of single‐organism and multi‐organism infectious diarrhea.MethodsA single‐center retrospective review was conducted, investigating stool multiplex GIP panel results over a more than 3‐year period, for pediatric patients. Assays test for 23 viral, bacterial, and protozoal organisms.ResultsPositive assays in the PTP and NTP were 70/101 (69.3%) and 962/1716 (56.1%), respectively (P = .009). Thirty‐two percent (32/101) of assays within the PTP were multi‐organism positive, significantly more than 14.8% (254/1716) in the NTP (P < .00001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of single‐organism positives, 37.6% (38/101) in PTP and 41.3% (708/1716) in the NTP. The PTP demonstrated a statistically significantly higher incidence of the following organisms within multi‐agent positive GIPs (P < .05 for each): Clostridioides difficile, Cryptosporidium, EPEC, norovirus, and sapovirus.ConclusionsThe pediatric PTP demonstrates higher incidence of positive GIPs, higher rate of multi‐organism positivity, and unique infectious organism incidence profiles. These data can provide a framework for understanding organism‐specific pathogenicity factors, assessing the clinical impact of enteric co‐infection, and understanding the utility of this testing modality in this unique population.
Affective temperament traits may explain high expressed emotion in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dogan Bilge , Ozmen Simel , Memis Cagdas Oyku , Sair Ahmet , Akyol Ali , Sevincok Levent 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe negative interactions between Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and their caregivers may provoke criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement that characterise highly expressed emotion (EE) attitudes. In this study, we hypothesised that affective temperament traits of AD caregivers are related to their high EE levels independent from other patient and caregiver characteristics.MethodsEighty AD patients were assessed through Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), and Mini‐Mental State Examination. Expressed Emotion Scale (EES), Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego auto‐questionnaire, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were applied to the caregivers. The high (n = 41) and low EE caregivers (n = 39) were compared with respect to some sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients and caregivers, and affective temperament traits of caregivers. The associations of caregiver EES scores with multiple variables related to patients and caregivers were examined by Pearson correlation tests. We performed multiple linear regression analysis to determine the possible predictors of total EES scores.ResultsHigh EE caregivers had significantly higher depressive, cyclothymic, and anxious temperament traits than in low EE subjects. A weak positive correlation was found between the total EES scores and Personal Care scores of CDR. Home and hobbies subscale scores of CDR had a moderately significant positive correlation with total EES scores. There was also moderate significant positive correlations between total EE scores and depressive, cyclothymic, anxious, and irritable temperament traits. Linear regression analysis indicated that depressive temperament significantly predicted the high levels of caregiver EE.ConclusionThese findings suggest that caregivers’ depressive temperament is predominantly related to their EE levels even after controlling for the severity of AD, and lower educational level of caregivers. Our results may provide evidence that high EE might be a reflection of caregivers’ depressive temperament traits, in accordance with the trait hypothesis.
Education and wage inequality before and during the fiscal crisis: A quantile regression analysis for Greece 2006–2016
Authors: Chletsos Michael , Roupakias Stelios 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Greek labor market has undergone dramatic changes during the past 10 years. Wage inequality, especially at the bottom end of the earnings distribution, increased sharply. Simultaneously, and despite a massive emigration wave of mainly highly educated employees, the ratio of skilled to unskilled labor has further increased. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between education and the dispersion of male earnings, using Labor Force Survey data, for the years 2006 and 2016. We address both unobserved heterogeneity and potential endogeneity by using an instrumental variables estimator, designed for quantile regression modeling. Our best estimates suggest that the returns to education are higher at lower quantiles in the pre‐crisis period, while the opposite holds true in the post‐crisis period. It is shown that within‐group inequality, mainly among university graduates, has played a major role in these developments. Interestingly, our findings appear to be, in part, driven by changing returns to education across quantiles in the public sector. Increased demand for skilled workers, heterogeneous returns to education across different fields of study, and “ability” are proposed as potential underlying mechanisms.
A proposed treatment for pathogenic enveloped viruses having high rates of mutation or replication
Authors: Roe Kevin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeveral enveloped viruses, particularly some RNA viruses, have high rates of mutation or replication, which can make them virulent pathogens in humans and other mammals. A proposed treatment could use synthesized proteins to mask pathogenic viral surface proteins to quickly induce an immune attack on specific enveloped viruses by using existing immune cells. One treatment could inject dual‐protein ligand masks into patients' bloodstreams to mask pathogenic surface proteins used to infect mammalian cells. The mammalian immune system already uses an analogous, more complex structure called a pentraxin to neutralize some pathogens by connecting their surface proteins to immune cells. And several types of antiviral peptides have already experimentally demonstrated effectiveness in blocking various viral pathogen infections. These treatments offer advantages, especially for currently untreatable viral pathogens. Furthermore, using dual‐protein ligands and the antigenic memory of some sub‐populations of NK cells would also allow the creation of defacto vaccines based on a host's NK cells, instead of vaccines utilizing CD4 and CD8 α:β T cells, which are limited by the requirement of MHC presentation of the target antigens to α:β T cells. Targeted NK cell vaccines could attack host cells latently or actively infected by intracellular pathogens, even host cells having pathogen downregulated MHC antigen presentation. Eight postulates concerning the effects of pathogen mutation, or change in phenotype from genetic recombination or rearrangement, and replication rates on pathogen vs host dominance are also listed, which should be applicable to viral and non‐viral pathogens.
Resistance and Response: Latinos and Conservative Radio Advertisements1
Authors: Wielhouwer Peter W. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesThis exploratory research examines whether the opinions of Latinos on policy issues are subject to persuasion via radio advertisements. Zaller's resistance and response axioms frame hypotheses about effects among partisans and cross‐pressured partisans. This experiment was conducted as part of an effort by a conservative political group to assess its strategic messaging toward Latinos.MethodsAn online experiment with Spanish‐fluent Latino‐American citizens asked participants to listen to radio ads developed by a conservative foundation for the purpose of persuading Latinos to consider conservative or Republican policies.ResultsThe effects of the ads were mostly limited. Democrats and independents were resistant to the messages; Conservative Republicans were responsive to a partisan school choice ad, while Republicans generally tended to be responsive to abortion ads.ConclusionsConservative organizations attempting to influence the Latino polity ought to develop messages that emphasize the community effects of policy outcomes, rather than emphasizing individualist or moralistic themes. Resources may be better allocated to persuading ideologically conflicted Republicans, but the results are tentative and need replication.
For the Sciences They Are A‐Changin’: A Response to Commentaries on Núñez et al.’s (2019) “What Happened to Cognitive Science?”
Authors: Núñez Rafael , Allen Michael , Gao Richard , Miller Rigoli Carson , Relaford‐Doyle Josephine , Semenuks Arturs 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA recent issue of Topics in Cognitive Science featured 11 thoughtful commentaries responding to our article “What happened to cognitive science?” (Núñez et al., 2019). Here, we identify several themes that arose in those commentaries and respond to each. Crucial to understanding our original article is the fundamental distinction between multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary endeavors: Cognitive science began (and has stayed) as multidisciplinary but has failed to move on to form a cohesive interdisciplinary field. We clarify and elaborate our original argument and reiterate the importance of a data‐driven evaluation of the current status of the field, which exhibits a marked disciplinary imbalance, a lack of a coherent conceptual core, and a striking absence of a consistent curriculum in the institutions that grant degrees in this domain. Half a century after the creation of cognitive science, it may now be a good time to revisit goals and visions for how to best approach the ever‐fascinating scientific study of the mind(s).
Use of three‐dimensionally printed β‐tricalcium phosphate synthetic bone graft combined with recombinant human bone morphogenic protein‐2 to treat a severe radial atrophic nonunion in a Yorkshire terrier
Authors: Franch Jordi , Barba Albert , Rappe Katrin , Maazouz Yassine , Ginebra Maria‐Pau 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a novel surgical approach to treat a critical‐sized bone defect due to severe, radial atrophic nonunion in a miniature dog.Study designCase reportAnimalA 1‐year‐old Yorkshire terrier with a critical‐sized left radial defect after failed internal fixation of a transverse radial fracture.MethodsComputed tomographic (CT) images of the radius were imported for three‐dimensional (3D) printing of a custom‐designed synthetic 3D‐printed β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) scaffold. The radius was exposed, and the β‐TCP scaffold was press‐fitted in the bone gap underneath the plate. Recombinant human bone morphogenic protein‐2 (RhBMP‐2) collagen sponges were squeezed to soak the scaffold with growth factor and then placed on both sides of the synthetic graft. Two additional cortical screws were also placed prior to routine closure of the surgical site.ResultsRadiographic examination was consistent with complete healing of the radius defect 4 months after surgery. The bone plate was removed 10 months after surgery. According to CT examination 18 months after surgery, there was no evidence of the synthetic graft; instead, complete corticalization of the affected area was noted. Complete functional recovery was observed until the last clinical follow‐up 36 months postoperatively.ConclusionScrew fixation and use of a 3D‐printed ceramic scaffold augmented with rhBMP‐2 resulted in excellent bone regeneration of the nonunion and full recovery of a miniature breed dog.Clinical significanceThe therapeutic approach used in this dog could be considered as an option for treatment of large‐bone defects in veterinary orthopedics, especially for defects affecting the distal radius of miniature dogs.
English‐medium policy and English conversational patterns in the UAE
Authors: van den Hoven Melanie , Carroll Kevin S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnglish‐medium policies in the Arabian Gulf have generated interest in the development of a Gulf variety of English. This study, located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE), uses ethnographic methods and current understandings of translanguaging and English language variation (García & Wei, 2014; Mahboob, 2014; Pakir, 1991, 2004), to describe a range of conversational patterns supported by English in – and around – a higher educational context. The findings offer descriptions of the complex and diverse ways of using and modifying English alongside Arabic. This paper uses participants’ voices to describe five modes of conversational activity in this EMI setting. The different modes described by the participants highlight the linguistic complexities of students’ language use and challenges prevalent assumptions of a singular variety of Gulf English. The authors ultimately argue that translanguaging is the most appropriate lens to explain the fluid nature of students’ language use.
Onset of Natural Convection in a Porous Layer Confined by an Elliptic or Semi-Elliptic Box Using the Ritz Method
Authors: Wang C. Y. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Using an efficient Ritz method, the thermoconvective stability of a bottom-heated porous layer in vertical elliptic and semi-elliptic enclosures with adiabatic side walls is studied. The stability mosaics for the critical Rayleigh number and the preferred modes are determined for various aspect ratios.
Impact of the herpes zoster vaccination programme on hospitalised and general practice consulted herpes zoster in the 5 years after its introduction in England: a population-based study
Authors: Andrews Nick , Stowe Julia , Kuyumdzhieva Galena , Sile Bersabeh , Yonova Ivelina , de Lusignan Simon , Ramsay Mary , Amirthalingam Gayatri 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of herpes zoster vaccination in the 5 years after introduction for 70- to 79-year-olds in England in September 2013.DesignPopulation based ecological impact assessment.SettingHospitals covering the whole English population for the period 2008 to 2018 and 293 general practices (GP) for the period 2005 to 2018, in England.ParticipantsOver the period the population contributed 117·5 million person-years for hospitalisation events and 6.96 million person-years for GP events in individuals aged 60 to 89.InterventionsLive attenuated herpes zoster vaccination (Zostavax), first used on 1st September 2013, in 70- and 79-year-olds with continued use in new 70 year-olds and with a staged catch-up of those aged 71 to 78 years in 2013.Outcome measuresHerpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) consultation and hospitalisation rates in age-cohorts according to vaccine eligibility. Incidence rate ratios in age-cohorts eligible for vaccination compared with those non-eligible were calculated by Poisson regression. This was used to estimate prevented cases and, along with vaccine coverage, to estimate vaccine effectiveness.ResultsLarge and prolonged reductions in herpes zoster and PHN consultations and hospitalisations were observed in the 5 years post-implementation. For example, in 79 year-olds first eligible in 2013, the incidence rate ratio for consultations 5 years later was 0·65 (95% CI: 0·52 to 0·81). Over the whole period an estimated 40 500 fewer zoster consultations and 1840 fewer zoster hospitalisations occurred because of the vaccination programme. These reductions were consistent with effectiveness in the routine cohorts (vaccinated aged 70) of between 37% (for hospitalised zoster) and 75% (for PHN consultations) and, in catch up cohorts (vaccinated aged 78 to 79) of between 49% (for hospitalised PHN) and 66% (for PHN consultations).ConclusionGiven the clear and sustained impact of herpes zoster vaccination over the 5-year period since introduction, optimising vaccination coverage is important to attain maximum benefit.
A prospective observational study of why people are medically evacuated from offshore installations in the North Sea
Authors: Waje-Andreassen Anne , Østerås Øyvind , Brattebø Guttorm 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesFew studies have described evacuations due to medical emergencies from the offshore installations in the North Sea, though efficient medical service is essential for the industrial activities in this area. The major oil- and gas-producing companies’ search and rescue (SAR) service is responsible for medical evacuations. Using a prospective approach, we describe the characteristics of patients evacuated by SAR.Design and settingA prospective observational study of the offshore primary care provided by SAR in the North Sea.MethodsPatients were identified by linking flight information from air transport services in 2015/2016 and the company’s medical record system. Standardised forms filled out by SAR nurses during the evacuation were also analysed. In-hospital information was obtained retrospectively from Haukeland University Hospital’s information system.ResultsA total of 381 persons (88% men) were evacuated during the study period. Twenty-seven per cent of missions were due to chest pain and 18% due to trauma. The mean age was 46.0 years. Severity scores were higher for cases due to medical conditions compared with trauma, but the scores were relatively low compared with onshore emergency missions. The busiest months were May, July and December. Weekends were the busiest days.ConclusionThree times as many evacuations from offshore installations are performed due to acute illness than trauma, and cardiac problems are the most common. Although most patients are not severely physiologically deranged, the study documents a need for competent SAR services 24 hours a day year-round. Training and certification should be tailored for the SAR service, as the offshore health service structure and geography differs from the structure onshore.
Liver injury is independently associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Yip Terry Cheuk-Fung , Lui Grace Chung-Yan , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun , Chow Viola Chi-Ying , Ho Tracy Hang-Yee , Li Timothy Chun-Man , Tse Yee-Kit , Hui David Shu-Cheong , Chan Henry Lik-Yuen , Wong Grace Lai-Hung 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveData on serial liver biochemistries of patients infected by different human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are lacking. The impact of liver injury on adverse clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients remains unclear.DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study using data from a territory-wide database in Hong Kong. COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and other HCoV patients were identified by diagnosis codes and/or virological results. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation was defined as ALT/AST ≥2 × upper limit of normal (ie, 80 U/L). The primary end point was a composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, use of invasive mechanical ventilation and/or death.ResultsWe identified 1040 COVID-19 patients (mean age 38 years, 54% men), 1670 SARS patients (mean age 44 years, 44% men) and 675 other HCoV patients (mean age 20 years, 57% men). ALT/AST elevation occurred in 50.3% SARS patients, 22.5% COVID-19 patients and 36.0% other HCoV patients. For COVID-19 patients, 53 (5.1%) were admitted to ICU, 22 (2.1%) received invasive mechanical ventilation and 4 (0.4%) died. ALT/AST elevation was independently associated with primary end point (adjusted OR (aOR) 7.92, 95% CI 4.14 to 15.14, p<0.001) after adjusted for albumin, diabetes and hypertension. Use of lopinavir–ritonavir ±ribavirin + interferon beta (aOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.13, p=0.006) and corticosteroids (aOR 3.92, 95% CI 2.14 to 7.16, p<0.001) was independently associated with ALT/AST elevation.ConclusionALT/AST elevation was common and independently associated with adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Use of lopinavir–ritonavir, with or without ribavirin, interferon beta and/or corticosteroids was independently associated with ALT/AST elevation.