bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate‐induced variation in the demography of 14 tree species is not sufficient to explain their distribution in eastern North America
Authors: Le Squin Amaël , Boulangeat Isabelle , Gravel Dominique 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimDynamic range models are proposed to investigate species distributions and to project range shifts under climate change. They are based upon the Hutchinsonian niche theory, specifying that the occurrence of a species in an environmental space should be limited to positions where the intrinsic growth rate is positive. Evaluating population growth rate is, however, difficult for physiologically structured populations, such as forest stands, owing to size‐induced individual variation in performance. Therefore, we still have a limited understanding of which aspect of tree demography contributes the most to their geographical range limit. We develop an index of demographic performance for size‐structured populations and study its variation across a climatic gradient. We then investigate the relationship between the demographic performance index and species distribution.LocationNorth America (57–124° W, 26–52° N).Time period1963–2010.Major taxa studiedFourteen tree species.MethodsWe represent forest dynamics with a size‐structured population model and neighbourhood competition with the perfect plasticity approximation. We then derive the lifetime reproduction per individual, , in the absence of density dependence. Using forest inventory data, we assess how tree demography for each species varies with climate. We test the model by comparing and the probability of occurrence within species ranges.ResultsWe find that both growth and mortality rates vary across species distributions, but climate explains little of the observed variation. Individual size and neighbourhood competition are the primary explanatory variables of tree demography. Finally, we find that relates weakly to the probability of occurrence, with no systematic decline in population growth rates towards the range limits.Main conclusionsSpatial and size‐induced variation in tree growth and mortality do not explain range limits and are insufficient to enable an understanding of tree dynamics. We propose that phenomena perceived mostly at the metapopulation scale should also be considered.
Later high school start time is associated with lower migraine frequency in adolescents
Authors: Gelfand Amy A. , Pavitt Sara , Ross Alexandra C. , Szperka Christina L. , Irwin Samantha L. , Bertisch Suzanne , Stone Katie L. , Frazier Remi , Grimes Barbara , Allen I. Elaine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether high school start time is associated with headache frequency in adolescents with migraine.BackgroundAdolescence is marked by a physiologic delayed circadian phase, characterized by later bedtimes and wake times. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that high schools start no earlier than 8:30 a.m., but most high schools in the United States start earlier. The study hypothesis was that adolescents with migraine whose high schools start at 8:30 a.m. or later (late group) would have lower headache frequency than those whose schools start earlier than 8:30 a.m. (early group).MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional Internet survey study of US high schoolers with migraine recruited online through social media. Comparisons were made between the late group and the early group. The primary outcome measure was self‐reported headache days/month.ResultsIn total, 1012 respondents constituted the analytic set: n = 503 in the late group versus n = 509 in the early group. Mean (SD) self‐reported headache days/month was 4.8 (4.6) versus 7.7 (6.1) in the late and early groups, respectively (p < 0.001); mean difference −2.9 (95% CI −2.2 to −3.6). Mean (SD) self‐reported hours of sleep on a school night was 7.9 (0.9) versus 6.9 (1.3), p < 0.001. Adjusting for total hours of sleep, sex, taking a migraine preventive, days of acute medication use, hours of homework, grade level, and missing breakfast, mean (SD) self‐reported headache days/month remained lower in the late group than in the early group: 5.8 (95% CI 5.3–6.2) versus 7.1 (95% CI 6.7–7.4), (p < 0.001); mean difference −1.3 (95% CI −1.9 to −0.7).ConclusionAdolescents with migraine who attend high schools that follow AAP recommendations for start times have lower self‐reported headache frequency than those whose high schools start before 8:30 a.m. If prospective studies confirm this finding, shifting to a later high school start time may be an effective strategy for migraine prevention in adolescents.
Introducing physician associates to hospital patients: Development and feasibility testing of a patient experience‐based intervention
Authors: Taylor Francesca , Ogidi Jonathan , Chauhan Rakhee , Ladva Zeena , Brearley Sally , Drennan Vari M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhysician associates (PAs) are one of many new mid‐level health practitioner roles being introduced worldwide. They are a recent innovation in English hospitals. Patient confusion with novel mid‐level practitioner titles and roles is well documented, alongside evidence of a positive association between patients’ ability to identify practitioners and patient satisfaction. No prior research developed an intervention to introduce PAs or any other new practitioner role to hospital patients.ObjectiveTo develop, with patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE), an intervention for introducing the PA role to hospital patients, and to test feasibility.MethodsIntervention development was underpinned by an experience‐based co‐design approach. Workshop participants generated ideas for introducing PAs, subsequently explored in semi‐structured interviews with hospital patients (n = 13). Interview findings were used by participants in a second workshop to design the intervention. Feasibility of the intervention was assessed in relation to its acceptability and efficacy using semi‐structured interviews with hospital patients (n = 20) and PAs (n = 3).ResultsThe intervention developed was a patient information leaflet. It was considered feasible to use in the hospital setting, helpful to patients in understanding the PA role and acceptable to both patients and PAs. The intervention was also appreciated by patients for providing reassurance of care and support.ConclusionsAn experience‐based co‐design approach enabled development of an intervention tailored to patients’ experiential preferences. Positive evidence of feasibility and utility is encouraging, supporting future larger‐scale testing.Patient and public contributionPPIE representatives were involved in the study design, intervention development and data interpretation.
Shane Godbolt: the Charing Cross years (1970–1991)
Authors: Hague Howard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article looks at the period in Shane's career when she was based in the library at the Charing Cross Hospital Medical School (1970–1984) and then the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School (1984–1991), following the merger. The topics covered include audio‐visual materials and new technology, user education, staff training and development, word processing and automation in the library and Shane's involvement and activities in the wider profession.
A laboratory study to assess the formation of effluent volatile compounds and disinfection by‐products during chemomechanical preparation of infected root canals and application of activated carbon for their removal
Authors: Ioannidis K. , Batty C. , Turner C. , Smith D. , Mannocci F. , Deb S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo assess in a laboratory setting using extracted teeth the formation of volatile compounds (VOCs) and disinfection by‐products (DBPs) in effluent aliquots, during chemomechanical preparation of artificially infected root canal specimens, and determine the role of silver‐impregnated activated carbon (Ag‐AC) in their removal.MethodologySingle‐rooted human teeth were decoronated to obtain 15 mm‐long root specimens and a nutrient‐stressed multispecies biofilm was grown in the root canals. Specimens were randomly assigned into three groups [Group 1; instrumentation with rotary files and irrigation with sterile saline, Groups 2 and 3; instrumentation with rotary files and irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA]. A portable medical suction device was used to collect the effluent aliquots during root canal irrigation. In Groups 1 and 2, the reaction products of the collected effluents were analysed by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS). The effluents from Group 3 were treated with Ag‐AC prior to SIFT‐MS analysis, to assess the removal capacity of Ag‐AC against the reaction products. The synthesis of Ag‐AC was characterized with scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Two‐way analysis of variance (anova) with post hoc Tukey tests was used for data analysis and determination of a significant difference (P < 0.05).ResultsIn Group 1, effluent VOCs and DBPs were detectable at very low levels. In Group 2, the collected effluent aliquots released high concentrations of methanol, propanol, ammonia, chloroform and formaldehyde, which were significantly greater compared to Group 1 (P < 0.001). SEM/EDS analysis confirmed impregnation of Ag within the AC matrix. The treatment of effluent aliquots with Ag‐AC (Group 3) resulted in a significant reduction in concentrations of acetone, acetic acid, propanol, acetaldehyde, acetonitrile and chloroform, compared to Group 2 (P < 0.001). The concentration levels of ethanol, methanol, ammonia and formaldehyde remained unaffected (P > 0.05).ConclusionsIn this laboratory setting using extracted human teeth, the chemomechanical preparation of artificially infected root canals resulted in the formation of toxic VOCs and DBPs as effluent suspensions. Their release during aspiration with dental suction indicates that potential environmental hazards should be investigated. The use of silver‐impregnated activated carbon had potential for the point‐of‐use treatment of post‐irrigation effluent aliquots.
Tasty words: Using frame semantics to enhance consumer liking of potato chips and apples
Authors: Johnson Tamara M. , Pfenninger Simone E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious research indicates that speakers of American English chiefly use crispy when referring to dry foods and crunchy when referring to wet foods, suggesting that these near‐synonyms have different semantic frames. The present study is the first to address how speakers of American English process crispy and crunchy by investigating whether foods with frame‐semantically (in)congruent food labels influence thoughts about and taste perception of foods. Taste tests with dry and wet foods labeled (in)congruently with regards to their water content showed that while thoughts remained unaffected, the frame‐semantically incongruent context produced significantly higher taste ratings than the frame‐semantically congruent context. Further research is necessary to explain whether and to what extent these findings can be generalized to other foods and near‐synonyms.
Structure–activity relationship and molecular docking analysis of cysteine‐containing dipeptides as antioxidant and ACE inhibitory
Authors: Lu Xin , Jia Cong , Gao Jinhong , Wang Ruidan , Zhang Lixia , Sun Qiang , Huang Jinian 
Published: November 2020

SummaryComparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) and hologram QSAR (HQSAR) were used to identify the relationship between the structure of cysteine‐containing dipeptide with antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity; then, molecular docking, ADME prediction and thermostability assay were applied to illustrate the performance in docking with ACE, metabolic information and thermostability of the strongest activity dipeptide. According to pIC50 of 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethyl‐benzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS), constructed CoMFA, CoMSIA and HQSAR models predicted the structural properties of carboxyl of C‐terminus impacted on the antioxidant activity. The properties of side chain of C‐terminus influenced on the ACE inhibitory activity based on CoMFA, CoMSIA and HQSAR models. As the strongest multifunctional cysteine‐containing dipeptide, CW interacted with ACE by S1 pocket, S2 pocket, Zn2+. It was promising for CW to utilise in the functional foods due to less interference in normal life activities, high oral bioavailability and stability under 70 °C.
Are we ‘sharing’ or ‘gig‐ing’? A classification system for online platforms
Authors: Maffie Michael David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is a growing debate about the nature and extent of platform control over workers. Companies claim they are merely ‘matchmakers’ while labour advocates argue that these organisations exercise granular control over workers. Blending the fields of information science and labour relations, this article develops a classification system of sequential control to delineate between ‘high control’ and ‘low control’ platforms. In doing so, this article provides a theoretical method to distinguish ‘sharing’ versus ‘gig’ platforms and argues that worker autonomy—how platforms foreclose worker choice—can be used to understand platform control.
Quality of reporting of outcomes in trials of therapeutic interventions for pressure injuries in adults: a systematic methodological survey
Authors: Miranda Jéssica Steffany , Deonizio Arthur Pollo , Abbade Joelcio Francisco , Miot Hélio Amante , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Thabane Lehana , Abbade Luciana P F 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRandomised controlled trials of therapeutic interventions for pressure injuries should include a clear description of outcomes to increase transparency and replicability and improve the construction of scientific evidence. The objective of this study was to assess the completeness of the descriptions of the outcomes of therapeutic interventions in adults with pressure injury (PI) and factors associated with completeness. This was a systematic methodological survey. The completeness of the outcome was assessed according to five criteria: domain (title), specific measure (technique/instrument used), specific metric, or format of the outcome data of each participant that was used for analysis, aggregation (method data from each group were summarised), and time that was used for analysis. Sixty‐eight studies were included for analysis. A total of 265 outcomes were reported, and 46 trials (67.6%) had 73 primary outcomes, which were mainly intermediates/substitutes (78.8%). The main outcome evaluated was the ulcer area reduction (36.6%). Approximately 37.2% of the outcomes were incompletely reported, and the least described element was the data aggregation method (72.8%). Only 48.4% of the outcomes with the specified technique had the same reference or validation. Poor quality of reporting outcomes was associated with studies with an older year of publication and a small sample size, single‐center studies, and those sponsored by industry. PI studies use many outcomes, mostly surrogates or intermediates, and some of them are incompletely described.
Effectiveness of ultrasonic debridement on reduction of bacteria and biofilm in patients with chronic wounds: A scoping review
Authors: Kataoka Yukie , Kunimitsu Mao , Nakagami Gojiro , Koudounas Sofoklis , Weller Carolina D. , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChronic wounds are defined as “hard‐to‐heal” wounds that are caused by disordered mechanisms of wound healing. Chronic wounds have a high risk of infection and can form biofilms, leading to the release of planktonic bacteria, which causes persistent infections locally or remotely. Therefore, infection control and removal of the biofilm in chronic wounds are essential. Recently, ultrasonic debridement was introduced as a new method to reduce infection and promote the healing of chronic wounds. This scoping review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonic debridement on the changes in bacteria and biofilms, and consequently the wound healing rate of chronic wounds. A total of 1021 articles were identified through the database search, and nine papers were eligible for inclusion. Findings suggest that non‐contact devices are useful for wound healing as they reduce the inflammatory response, although the bacterial load is not significantly changed. Ultrasonic debridement devices that require direct contact with the wound promote wound healing through reduction of biofilm or bacterial load. The optimum settings for ultrasonic debridement using a non‐contact device are relatively consistent, but the settings for devices that require direct contact are diverse. Further studies on ultrasonic debridement in chronic wounds are required.
Can an early mobilisation programme prevent hospital‐acquired pressure injures in an intensive care unit?: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nieto‐García Leticia , Carpio‐Pérez Adela , Moreiro‐Barroso María Teresa , Alonso‐Sardón Montserrat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to clarify the effect of an early mobilisation programme on the prevention of hospital‐acquired pressure injuries in an intensive care unit as opposed to standard care. We searched a total of 11 databases until 1 May 2020 and included seven studies (n = 7.520) related to the effect of early mobilisation protocol in the prevention of hospital‐acquired pressure injuries (five quasi‐experimental and two random comparative). The five quasi‐experimental studies were significantly heterogeneous (P = .02 for Q test and 66% for I2), and the odds ratio was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.49‐1.91) with a non‐significant statistical difference between both groups (P = .93). Our study shows inconclusive outcomes related to the effect of the implementation of an early mobility programme in the prevention of pressure injuries in critical patients. Future research is needed considering the small number of articles on the topic.
TREATMENT OF SULFONAMIDE‐RESISTANT URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS WITH A COMBINATION OF SULFONAMIDE AND TRIMETHOPRIM
Authors: Sourander Leif , Saarimaa Heikki , Arvilommi Heikki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treatment with a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim on patients with long‐lasting urinary tract infections caused by bacterial strains resistant to sulfonamides. The series consisted of 55 geriatric patients with significant bacteriuria, which proved to be resistant to sulfonamide in vitro. The patients were divided into three groups. The 19 patients of the first group were treated with trimethoprim alone, the daily dose being 320 mg. The 24 patients of the second group were treated with a combination of 1.6 g of sulfamethoxazole and 320 mg of trimethoprim (Trimosulfa®, Lääke Oy) given daily in two doses during 15 days. The 12 patients of the third group were treated with sulfamethoxazole, the daily dose being 1.6 g. The effects of the treatment in the three groups were as follows: significant bacteriuria disappeared in 21 out of 24 patients treated with sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim, in 8 out of 19 patients treated with trimethoprim and in 1 out of 12 patients treated with sulfamethoxazole. It was concluded that combined treatment with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is indicated in sulfonamide‐resistant infections as well, and the treatment is significantly more effective than treatment with trimethoprim alone. The results give reason to assume that sulfonamide and trimethoprim have a synergistic effect in the treatment of urinary tract infections. The MIC values were lower for trimethoprim when the treatment was combined than when the treatment was carried out with trimethoprim alone. The differences were indicative but not significant. The serum folic acid concentration was practically unchanged after treatment with trimethoprim and with the combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim.
HEPARIN‐RELEASED BLOOD PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA
Authors: Boberg Jonas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity appearance in the blood stream after different doses of i.v. injection of heparin has been studied. After 100 IU of heparin/kg b.wt. LPL activity was found to rise rapidly for about 5 min and then more slowly up to a maximum activity at 20 to 40 min. The possibility that the different appearance rates might reflect several enzyme pools not equally accessible to injected heparin has been discussed. Against this background plasma LPL activity was determined both at 5 and 40 min after i.v. injection of 100 IU of heparin/kg b.wt. in subjects with a wide range of plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations. There was no relationship either in men or women between heparin‐released plasma LPL activities and age or weight/height index. In men with normal plasma TG values on the day of heparin injection the heparin‐released LPL activities in plasma were 49 ± 2 and 100 ± 4 μmoles glycerol released pre litre plasma and minute in the early and late samples respectively. The corresponding values of 40±3 and 72±6 for men with hypertriglyceridemia were significantly lower. In women with normal plasma TG values the LPL activities 5 and 40 min after heparin were 71±4 and 127 ± 7 μmol/1 and min respectively. These values were significantly higher than the corresponding values for normal men. The women with hypertriglyceridemia had plasma LPL activities 5 and 40 min after heparin of 45 ± 7 and 85 + 10 μmol/1 and min, which were significantly lower than the corresponding values for the women with normal plasma TG concentrations. The significantly lower values of heparin‐released LPL activity found in patients with hypertriglyceridemia may reflect a removal (clearing) defect of plasma TG, which may provide an explanation of the elevated plasma TG levels in these patients.
A POPULATION STUDY ON MONOCLONAL GAMMAPATHY
Authors: Axelsson U. , Hällén J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSerum electrophoresis included in a medical survey in 1964 of 6 995 subjects above 25 years of age revealed M‐components in 64. One had myelomatosis. Five and a half years later 16 persons had died and 9 had moved or refused to take part in this study. The concentrations of the M‐components in the remaining 39 cases were essentially unchanged. This finding suggests a benign, monoclonal gammapathy. The series represented an observation time of 247 patient‐years, during which malignant gammapathy had not developed. Among the 6 931 subjects without serum M‐components two had been hospitalized for myelomatosis during the 6 years after the mass examination. In one of these there was only a urinary discrete component and in the other the diagnosis was not well‐founded.
DRUG‐INDUCED AGRANULOCYTOSIS
Authors: Palva I. P. , Mustala O. O. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSix fatal cases including material from 40 patients with agranulocytosis are described in detail, paying special attention to the drugs given before and after the onset of symptoms and recording the absence of neutrophils. Five of the six were cases of typical acute agranulocytosis and in four of them the drug probably causing the disease was still given after the recording of the low leukocyte count. The drugs given were aminophenazone, metamizol, sulfamethoxypyridazine and carbimazole. The authors conclude that agranulocytosis is rarely a fatal disease if the administration of dangerous drugs is stopped when the first clinical signs of agranulocytosis appear. Otherwise the administration of antibiotics and corticosteroids is not life‐saving. Therefore information from patients and nurses about the first symptoms of agranulocytosis is very important when leukotoxic drugs are used.