bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
City‐level water withdrawal in China: Accounting methodology and applications
Authors: Zhang Zongyong , Liu Junguo , Cai Bofeng , Shan Yuli , Zheng Heran , Li Xian , Li Xukun , Guan Dabo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the context of the freshwater crisis, accounting for water withdrawal could help planners better regulate water use in different sectors to combat water scarcity. However, the water withdrawal statistics in China are patchy, and the water data across all sectors at the city level appear to be relatively insufficient. Hence, we develop a general framework to, for the first time, estimate the water withdrawal of 58 economic–social–environmental sectors in cities in China. This methodology was applied because only inconsistent water statistics collected from different data sources at the city level are available. We applied it to 18 representative Chinese cities. Different from conventional perceptions that agriculture is usually the largest water user, industrial and household water withdrawal may also occupy the largest percentages in the water‐use structure of some cities. The discrepancy among annual household water use per capita in the urban areas of different cities is relatively small (as is the case for rural areas), but that between urban and rural areas is large. As a result, increased attention should be paid to controlling industrial and urban household water use in particular cities. China should specifically prepare annual water accounts at the city level and establish a timetable to tackle water scarcity, which is a basic step toward efficient and sustainable water crisis mitigation.
TV 3326 for Alzheimer’s dementia: a novel multimodal ChE and MAO inhibitors to mitigate Alzheimer’s-like neuropathology
Authors: Uddin Md Sahab , Kabir Md Tanvir , Rahman Md Motiar , Mathew Bijo , Shah Muhammad Ajmal , Ashraf Ghulam Md 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders and a well-recognized cause of dementia with ageing. In this review, we have represented the ChE and MAO inhibitory potential of TV 3326 against AD based on current scientific evidence.

Key findings
The aetiology of AD is quite complex and not completely understood. However, it has been observed that AD involves the deposition of abnormal amyloid beta (Aβ), along with hyperphosphorylation of tau, oxidative stress, low acetylcholine (ACh) level and biometal dyshomeostasis. Due to the complex nature of AD aetiology, active research is required in the areas of development of multitarget drugs with 2 or more complementary biological functions, as they might represent significant progress in the AD treatment. Interestingly, it has been found that TV 3326 (i.e. ladostigil) is regarded as a novel therapeutic agent since it has the potential to cause inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in the brain. Furthermore, it has the capacity to reverse memory impairments, which further suggests the ability of this drug to elevate cholinergic activity in the brain.

Summary
TV 3326 can avert oxidative–nitrative stress and gliosis. It has also been confirmed that TV 3326 contains neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic properties. Therefore, this distinctive combined inhibition of ChE and MAO along with its neuroprotective property makes TV 3326 a useful drug in the treatment of AD.
Diversifying the Social Scientific Study of Religion: The Next 70 Years
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHere I argue that we need to diversify the social scientific study of religion and chart a plan for how we are already and will continue to do so. At the time of the 70th anniversary of our association, I reflect on where—as an association—we have come from and where we are going. Our origin story points to an expansive vision for what would become the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion (SSSR), but unfortunately our past has also been marked by an overrepresentation of white male leadership. It was only in 1982 that the society elected its first woman president, Mary Augusta Neal, and only in 2015 that it elected its first person of color, Fenggang Yang. Here, I discuss our hope for a more diverse future: attending to diversity in studies of religion, diversity in the groups of people who are encouraged to study religion, and efforts to translate religion research well to diverse groups of listeners. I share with you pieces of the new SSSR strategic plan, spearheaded in 2018 by Korie Edwards, the first black and woman of color President of the SSSR: particularly the pieces that are most attentive to diversity. I also highlight insights from my own scholarly story about diversity that I have learned through my work with the Religion and Public Life Program at Rice University.
Nutritional training in a humanitarian context: Evidence from a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Kurdi Sikandra , Figueroa Jose Luis , Ibrahim Hosam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBehavioural change communication interventions have been shown to be effective at improving infant and young child nutrition knowledge and practices. However, evidence in humanitarian response contexts is scarce. Using data on secondary outcomes of breastfeeding, water treatment, and knowledge from a cluster randomized control trial of the Yemen Cash for Nutrition programme's impact on child nutritional status, this paper shows that the programme significantly improved knowledge and practices for poor women with young children in the pilot districts. The intervention consisted of cash transfers and monthly group nutrition education sessions led by locally recruited community health volunteers. Data are based on self‐reports by participants. Estimating impacts among all 1,945 women in 190 clusters randomly assigned to treatment versus control and controlling for baseline levels and community characteristic and adjusting for noncompliance with randomization, the programme increased the probability of breastfeeding initiation within the first hour after delivery by 15.6% points (p < .05; control = 74.4% and treatment = 83.6%), the probability of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months by 14.4% points (control = 13.5% and treatment = 25.3%), the probability of households treating water consumed by adults by 16.7% points (p < .01; control = 13.9% and treatment = 23.4%), and treating water consumed by children under two by 10.3% points (p < .10; control = 31.2% and treatment = 37.9%). Impacts on knowledge and breastfeeding are similar for both literate and illiterate women, and water treatment impacts are significantly larger for literate women. This study was registered at 3ie (RIDIE‐STUDY‐ID‐5b4eff881b29a) and funded by the Nordic Trust Fund and Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research programme on Policies, Institutions, and Markets.
Unraveling hierarchical genetic structure in a marine metapopulation: A comparison of three high‐throughput genotyping approaches
Authors: D’Aloia Cassidy C. , Andrés Jose A. , Bogdanowicz Steven M. , McCune Amy R. , Harrison Richard G. , Buston Peter M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMarine metapopulations often exhibit subtle population structure that can be difficult to detect. Given recent advances in high‐throughput sequencing, an emerging question is whether various genotyping approaches, in concert with improved sampling designs, will substantially improve our understanding of genetic structure in the sea. To address this question, we explored hierarchical patterns of structure in the coral reef fishElacatinus loriusing a high‐resolution approach with respect to both genetic and geographic sampling. Previously, we identified three putativeE. loripopulations within Belize using traditional genetic markers and sparse geographic sampling: barrier reef and Turneffe Atoll; Glover's Atoll; and Lighthouse Atoll. Here, we systematically sampled individuals at ~10 km intervals throughout these reefs (1,129 individuals from 35 sites) and sequenced all individuals at three sets of markers: 2,418 SNPs; 89 microsatellites; and 57 nonrepetitive nuclear loci. At broad spatial scales, the markers were consistent with each other and with previous findings. At finer spatial scales, there was new evidence of genetic substructure, but our three marker sets differed slightly in their ability to detect these patterns. Specifically, we found subtle structure between the barrier reef and Turneffe Atoll, with SNPs resolving this pattern most effectively. We also documented isolation by distance within the barrier reef. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the number of loci (and alleles) had a strong effect on the detection of structure for all three marker sets, particularly at small spatial scales. Taken together, these results illustrate empirically that high‐throughput genotyping data can elucidate subtle genetic structure at previously‐undetected scales in a dispersive marine fish.
Allopatric divergence and hybridization withinCupressus chengiana(Cupressaceae), a threatened conifer in the northern Hengduan Mountains of western China
Authors: Li Jialiang , Milne Richard I. , Ru Dafu , Miao Jibin , Tao Wenjing , Zhang Lei , Xu Jingjing , Liu Jianquan , Mao Kangshan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHaving a comprehensive understanding of population structure, genetic differentiation and demographic history is important for the conservation and management of threatened species. High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) provides exciting opportunities to address a wide range of factors for conservation genetics. Here, we generated HTS data and identified 266,884 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms from 82 individuals ofCupressus chengiana, to assess population genomics across the species' full range, comprising the Daduhe River (DDH), Minjiang River (MJR) and Bailongjiang River (BLJ) catchments in western China.admixture, principal components analysis and phylogenetic analyses indicated that each region contains a distinct lineage, with high levels of differentiation between them (DDH, MJR and BLJ lineages). MJR was newly distinguished compared to previous surveys, and evidence including coalescent simulations supported a hybrid origin of MJR during the Quaternary. Each of these three lineages should be recognized as an evolutionarily significant unit (ESU), due to isolation, differing genetic adaptations and different demographic history. Currently, each ESU faces distinct threats, and will require different conservation strategies. Our work shows that population genomic approaches using HTS can reconstruct the complex evolutionary history of threatened species in mountainous regions, and hence inform conservation efforts, and contribute to the understanding of high biodiversity in mountains.
Conditions for linearity of the wage curve
Authors: Bidard Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor a given technique, the wage‐rate of profit curve is linear in one‐sector models. In multisector models, Wicksell effects appear and some paradoxes in capital theory are linked to the complex shape of the wage curve. We study the conditions ensuring the linearity of the curve for a bisector model and for models satisfying a specific rank condition.
Caregiving, Self-Care, and Contemplation: Resources from Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Dubie Emily 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the last decade, the helping professions have increasingly recognized compassion fatigue, burnout, and secondary trauma as hazards integral to care-work, and in response, they have turned to self-care to build caregiver resilience. To examine the theological and ethical assumptions implicit in self-care literature, I turn to Thomas Aquinas's account of the active and contemplative lives in the Summa Theologiae. In correlating the two lives as meeting neighbors’ needs and beholding God, Thomas offers three competing accounts. Rather than synthesizing these differences, I argue that they map a range of interactions possible between one's own wellbeing and another's: care for the neighbor can hinder, prepare for, or be referred to contemplation and its consolations. While affirming self-care's recognition of human limits, my reading of Thomas also offers a correction, insisting that divergent experiences of caregivers are possible. This depends on the particulars, among which include the grace of divine assistance.
Familial dropped head syndrome with extremity muscle weakness
Authors: Tsunoda Keiichiro , Hishikawa Nozomi , Omote Yoshio , Ikegami Ken , Nakano Yumiko , Sato Kota , Takemoto Mami , Ohta Yasuyuki , Yamashita Toru , Abe Koji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report a new case of familial dropped head syndrome (DHS) due to myopathy. The proband is a 63‐year‐old woman, and her younger sister and son also showed DHS. She was not good at sport since elementary school and showed unique muscle weakness in her paraspine and four limbs. A blood test showed a slight increase in creatine kinase (237 IU/mL) and myoglobin (95 ng/mL). An electromyogram showed myogenic change, and computed tomography revealed a normal muscle volume of the neck but paraspinal muscle atrophy. Muscle biopsy of the right femoral muscle found type 2 fiber atrophy. Based on these unique clinical features, this is the first report of familial DHS which probably due to congenital myopathy.
Articular Cartilage Stem Cells Influence the Postoperative Repair of Hip Replacement by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chondrocytes via PERK Pathway
Authors: Rong Ke , Xia Qing‐quan , Wu Xu‐hua , Zhou Zhen‐yu , Li Xu‐jun , Fei Teng , Chen Jiong , Huang Zhongyue , Li Jiang , Liu Jiang‐yi , Yin Xiao‐fan 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveEndoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is present in chondrocytes of osteoarthritis, and the intensity of ERS is related to the degree of cartilage degeneration. In vitro intervention strategies can change the status of ERS and induce the inhibition of ERS‐related pathway. Therefore, this study is designed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of cartilage stem cells (ACSCs) of ERS in chondrocytes after hip replacement.MethodsHuman cartilage cell lines C28/I2 were cultured as the control group. The ERS inducer was added into C28/I2 as ERS group. The third ERS + stem cells group was formed by adding cartilage stem cells into ERS group, and further transfection of si‐PERK was defined as si‐PERK + ERS + stem cells group. Cell cycle and apoptosis in the four groups were determined by flow cytometry. The protein expression of GRP78, PERK, ATF4, TMEM119, CDK4, Cyclin D, and BMP6 in chondrocytes in the four groups were investigated by western blot, and the distribution of PERK, TMEM119, and BMP6 in chondrocytes were observed by immunofluorescence assay. In addition, the transcriptional levels of Bcl2, Bax, and Caspase 3 were also determined by RT‐PCR.ResultsIn cell cycle assay, ERS increased the accumulation of cells in G0/G1 and G2/M, while cartilage stem cells weakened the effects. The apoptosis rates in control group, ERS, ERS + stem cells, si‐PERK + ERS + stem cells were 0%, 21.3%, 18.9%, and 15.9%, respectively, and the difference of apoptosis rate between the latter three groups and control group was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Stem cells could weaken the ERS‐induced cell apoptosis, especially reducing the number of cells in the late stage of apoptosis from 5.4% to 1.1%. The protein level of GRP78, PERK, ATF4, TMEM119, and BMP6 in the group of ERS, ERS + stem cells, and si‐PERK + ERS + stem cells were all significantly higher than those in control group, and the group of ERS + stem cells was the highest, all of the differences were significant (P < 0.01). However, the protein level of CDK4 and Cyclin D presented an absolutely opposite trend and the difference was still significant (P < 0.05). The group of si‐PERK + ERS + stem cell was lower than those in the group of ERS + stem cell but higher than those in the group of ERS (P < 0.05). The level of Caspase 3 in the latter three groups was significantly higher than those in the control group, and the group of ERS was the highest (P < 0.01). Besides, the relative level of Bcl‐2/Bax in control group was 1, but the group of ERS was about 0.5, and there was significant difference (P < 0.01). The ratio of Bcl‐2/Bax in the group of ERS + stem cells was more than 2 and significantly higher than those of other groups.ConclusionACSCs could reduce ERS‐induced chondrocyte apoptosis by PERK and Bax/Bcl‐2 signaling pathway.
Mobile echodensities on intracardiac device leads: Is it always a cause for concern?
Authors: Robinson James , Wang William Y. S. , Kaye Gerry 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) frequently undergo transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). As a result, incidental mobile echodensities (MEDs) attached to device leads are commonly detected. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and clinical outcomes of incidental MEDs on CIED leads.MethodsA retrospective analysis performed between 2011 and 2018 identified 3548 TTE studies performed on 1849 patients with CIEDs.ResultsMEDs were identified in 30 patients (1.6%) without clinical suspicion of infective endocarditis (IE). Patients with incidental MEDs were apyrexial, and those tested demonstrated low inflammatory markers and negative blood cultures (BC). In this group, the majority (83%) of MEDs were in the right atrium and no MEDs were detected near the tricuspid valve. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) did not influence clinical outcomes. No patient required long‐term antibiotics or lead extraction and no IE‐related deaths were identified from electronic health records during a mean follow‐up period of 43 months (1‐89). In contrast, nine patients with suspected IE were all pyrexial with elevated inflammatory markers, had positive BC, and had proven IE. In these cases, the majority of MEDs were at the device lead/tricuspid valve interface. MEDs close to the tricuspid valve were strongly associated with IE (P < .0001).ConclusionsThe incidence of MEDs on CIED leads detected on routine TTE was 1.6%. Conservative management of asymptomatic patients with normal inflammatory markers and BC without TEE, antibiotics, or lead extraction did not reveal any signal for long‐term adverse events within the limitations of the study.
Veterans Justice Programs: Assessing Population Risks for Suicide Deaths and Attempts
Authors: Palframan Kristen M. , Blue‐Howells Jessica , Clark Sean C. , McCarthy John F. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesUnderstanding suicide risks among Veteran subpopulations is a national priority. This study assessed risks of suicide, suicide attempts, and other‐cause mortality among recipients of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Veterans Justice Program services as compared to other Veteran VHA users.MethodsPer VHA records, the cohort included 5,401,192 Veterans alive as of January 1, 2013 and with VHA utilization in 2012. Receipt of Veterans Justice Outreach (VJO) or Health Care for Reentry Veterans (HCRV) services in 2012 was assessed using encounter codes. Multivariable proportional hazards regression assessed risks of suicide (per National Death Index search results from the VA/DoD Mortality Data Repository) and attempts (per diagnoses and site reports) in 2013–2016, adjusting for demographic and clinical indicators.ResultsCompared to other patients, Veterans with VJO encounters had greater risk of suicide (unadjusted HR = 2.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.30–3.40; adjusted HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.02–1.53) and attempts (unadjusted HR = 8.88, 95% CI = 8.45–9.35; adjusted HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.00–1.11). Veterans with HCRV encounters had elevated risk of suicide attempts (unadjusted HR = 4.56, 95% CI = 4.00–5.20; adjusted HR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.24–1.62). Risks were also elevated for other external causes of mortality.ConclusionsFindings document increased risk of suicidal behavior among Veterans Justice Program recipients. These results have informed VHA suicide prevention activities.
Developing clinical performance indicators for pre‐hospital blood transfusion: The Thames Valley Air Ambulance approach
Authors: Raitt James , Curry Nicola , Lewis Pip , Dearman James , Poole Kurtis , Surendra Kumar Dhushy 
Published: March 2020

SummaryObjectiveIn this article, we describe how we developed and validated key performance indicators (KPIs) for pre‐hospital blood transfusion and offer suggestions for other organisations wishing to develop performance metrics.BackgroundKPIs are metrics that compare actual care against an ideal structure, process or outcome standard. An increasing number of UK‐based pre‐hospital critical care services now carry blood components to enable pre‐hospital blood transfusion.MethodsA working group of pre‐hospital physicians and paramedics was formed to create and validate performance indicators that reflected a high‐quality pre‐hospital transfusion. This was performed by literature searching and reviewing consensus documents that guide the best practice and then adjusting the indicators as the process evolved.ResultsThroughout the year, the performance against the domains was monitored monthly and outputs communicated within the clinical staff of the organisation; at the end of the year, the domains were amended. The final list of performance indicators was as follows: (a) rationale for transfusion documented in the notes; (b) rationale for transfusion in line with Thames Valley Air Ambulance blood transfusion guideline; (c) aggressive management of hypothermia; (d) tranexamic acid administered within an hour of injury; (e) evidence of bleeding in hospital; (f) monitoring of adverse effects of blood transfusion; (g) overall—was the use of blood justified; and (h) no units wasted this month.ConclusionsThis study has shown that it is feasible to devise and implement clinical performance indicators for pre‐hospital blood transfusion and that their use has increased the focus on this important area.
Family language policy, translingualism, and linguistic boundaries
Authors: Jenks Christopher 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe use of trans‐ constructs, such as trans‐languaging and translingualism, in current scholarship is party driven by a desire to create equitable learning opportunities for marginalized and minority students. While such efforts are important and must continue, it is also essential to explore the extent to which the theoretical principles emerging from trans‐language research are material for all individuals seeking to acquire multiple language resources. For example, do poststructuralist interpretations of linguistic boundaries, where individuals fluidly mix and move between language resources, provide an adequate lens through which to understand families seeking to maintain their heritage languages? This article addresses this question by reviewing past family language policy research. The review demonstrates that a one person – one language policy at home can be beneficial for some families, and that moving forward, trans‐language scholarship must thus resist the temptation to adopt a one‐size‐fits‐all approach to multilingualism.