bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor Microenvironment Cascade-Responsive Nanodrug with Self-Targeting Activation and ROS Regeneration for Synergistic Oxidation-Chemotherapy
Authors: Li Yang , Lin Jinyan , Wang Peiyuan , Luo Qiang , Zhu Fukai , Zhang Yun , Hou Zhenqing , Liu Xiaolong , Liu Jingfeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarrier-free nanodrug with exceptionally high drug payload has attracted increasing attentions. Herein, we construct a pH/ROS cascade-responsive nanodrug which could achieve tumor acidity-triggered targeting activation followed by circularly amplified ROS-triggered drug release via positive-feedback loop. The di-selenide-bridged prodrug synthesized from vitamin E succinate and methotrexate (MTX) self-assembles into nanoparticles (VSeM); decorating acidity-cleavable PEG onto VSeM surface temporarily shields the targeting ability of MTX to evade immune clearance and consequently elongate circulation time. Upon reaching tumor sites, acidity-triggered detachment of PEG results in targeting recovery to enhance tumor cell uptake. Afterward, the VSeM could be dissociated in response to intracellular ROS to trigger VES/MTX release; then the released VES could produce extra ROS to accelerate the collapse of VSeM. Finally, the excessive ROS produced from VES could synergize with the released MTX to efficiently suppress tumor growth via orchestrated oxidation-chemotherapy. Our study provides a novel strategy to engineer cascade-responsive nanodrug for synergistic cancer treatment.
Multi-site intervention to improve emergency department care for patients who live with opioid use disorder: A quantitative evaluation
Authors: McLane Patrick , Scott Ken , Suleman Zainab , Yee Karen , Holroyd Brian R. , Dong Kathryn , Ghosh S. Monty , Fanaeian Josh , Deol Jan , Biggs Catherine , Lang Eddy ,   Buprenorphine/Naloxone in Emergency Departments Initial Project Team, Hair Heather , Ross Marshall , Tanguay Rob , Olmstead Asha , Fisher Andrew , Fielding Scott 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundOpioid use disorder is a major public health crisis, and evidence suggests ways of better serving patients who live with opioid use disorder in the emergency department (ED). A multi-disciplinary team developed a quality improvement project to implement this evidence.MethodsThe intervention was developed by an expert working group consisting of specialists and stakeholders. The group set goals of increasing prescribing of buprenorphine/naloxone and providing next day walk-in referrals to opioid use disorder treatment clinics. From May to September 2018, three Alberta ED sites and three opioid use disorder treatment clinics worked together to trial the intervention. We used administrative data to track the number of ED visits where patients were given buprenorphine/naloxone. Monthly ED prescribing rates before and after the intervention were considered and compared with eight nonintervention sites. We considered whether patients continued to fill opioid agonist treatment prescriptions at 30, 60, and 90 days after their index ED visit to measure continuity in treatment.ResultsThe intervention sites increased their prescribing of buprenorphine/naloxone during the intervention period and prescribed more buprenorphine/naloxone than the controls. Thirty-five of 47 patients (74.4%) discharged from the ED with buprenorphine/naloxone continued to fill opioid agonist treatment prescriptions 30 days and 60 days after their index ED visit. Thirty-four patients (72.3%) filled prescriptions at 90 days.ConclusionsEmergency clinicians can effectively initiate patients on buprenorphine/naloxone when supports for this standardized evidence-based care are in place within their practice setting and timely follow-up in community is available.
Leveraging Data Analytics and Scalable Information Technology Tools to Deliver a Culture of Care during an Emergent Natural Disaster
Authors: Miranda Marie Lynn , Grossman Max , Tootoo Joshua L. , Osgood Claire , Jelinkova Klara 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rice University’s Culture of Care represents a commitment to ensuring that all are treated with respect, compassion, and deep care. Rice leveraged information technology (IT) to deliver its Culture of Care, in responding to Hurricane Harvey. IT tools were used to gather key information on Rice’s over 12000 community members. These data were fused with structured university data, enabling data-driven disaster response, with actionable information pushed to local managers. Our successful communication and response programs were all driven by the data analyses.
The Investment Model: Its Antecedents and Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Moore Kathleen A. , Campbell Austin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Intimate relationships are an integral part of our lives, but the rate of relationship breakups is high. We explored the role of the investment model and the traits that influence investments on relationship satisfaction among 146 volunteers (age M = 28.76 years, SD = 10.23). Relationship satisfaction was predicted by investments, which in turn were predicted by attachment, personality and love style. Clinicians working with individuals or couples with relationship issues may benefit from knowing how invested they are in the relationship and their love style. Insight into imbalances in these constructs between partners may be used to facilitate relationship satisfaction.
COVID-19 opens a window of reflection for comparative health systems and global health research
Authors: Ağartan Tuba İ. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Covid-19 crisis that led to the loss of thousands of lives and initiated one of the most complex social and economic upheavals has also a created a window of reflection for health systems researchers to revisit our major concepts, frameworks, and underlying assumptions. This commentary reviews two literatures that remain rather separate: comparative health policy and global health. First, I examine whether convergence in circumstances brought about by the spread of Covid-19 creates opportunities for learning “about” as well as unpacking the motivations of policy actors and how they use the cross-national information. However, given the emphasis on national policy actors and processes, this literature may overlook the importance of global actors, institutions and ideas. Second, global health differentiates itself with an emphasis on multilateralism as a political positioning and its multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral approach. However, the global health field is also challenged to consider its mission, political standing on multilateralism, changing relationships between North and South and its commitment to multidisciplinary approach. I argue that health systems scholars should use the window of opportunity created by Covid-19 pandemic to reexamine their methodologies and rearticulate their positioning by acknowledging the voice and agency of the Global South.
Testing the effects of pathogen threat and sexual strategies on political ideology
Authors: Shook Natalie J. , Oosterhoff Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDisgust has been consistently associated with greater political conservatism. Two explanations have been proposed for this link. According to a pathogen threat model, disgust serves a pathogen-avoidance function, encouraging more conservative ideology, whereas a sexual strategies model suggests that this link is explained by variability in short-term versus long-term mating goals. In two preregistered studies using a college student and community sample (total N = 1,950), we examined whether experimentally manipulating pathogen threat and mate availability produced differences in political ideology and whether these differences were explained by disgust and sociosexual attitudes. Across both studies, we did not find evidence that manipulating pathogen threat or mate availability resulted in change in political ideology. In Study 1, manipulating mate availability was indirectly associated with greater political conservativism through stronger sociosexual attitudes that favor monogamy. These findings failed to replicate in Study 2. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
Associations between different types and sources of dietary fibre intake and depressive symptoms in a general population of adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xia Yang , Liu Yashu , Zhang Shunming , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Meng Ge , Wu Hongmei , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Wu Qijun , Niu Kaijun , Zhao Yuhong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between dietary fibre (DF) intake and depressive symptoms in a general adult population in Tianjin, China. A total of 24 306 participants (mean age 41 years; range 18–91 years) were enrolled. DF intake was assessed using a validated self-administered FFQ. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Associations between DF intake and depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression analysis. Socio-demographic, behavioural, health status and dietary factors were adjusted. In men, compared with participants in the lowest quartiles for total, soluble, vegetable and soya DF, OR for depressive symptoms in the highest were 0·83 (95 % CI 0·69, 0·99), 0·74 (95 % CI 0·63, 0·87), 0·79 (95 % CI 0·65, 0·96) and 0·69 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·81), respectively. In women, compared with participants in the lowest quartiles for vegetable and soya DF, the OR for depressive symptoms in the highest were 0·77 (95 % CI 0·64, 0·93) and 0·82 (95 % CI 0·70, 0·95), respectively. No association was found between total or soluble DF intake and depressive symptoms in women. No association was found between insoluble, cereal, fruit or tuber DF intake and depressive symptoms in men and women. Linear associations between DF intake and depressive symptoms were only detected for soya DF (men, β = –0·148, P < 0·0001; women, β = –0·069, P = 0·04). Results suggest that intake of soluble, vegetable and soya DF was inversely associated with depressive symptoms. These results should be confirmed through prospective and interventional studies.
Dissimilar regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by leptin in two strains of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio)
Authors: Wu Liyun , Li Hongyan , Xu Wenjie , Dong Bo , Jin Junyan , Han Dong , Zhu Xiaoming , Yang Yunxia , Liu Haokun , Xie Shouqi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious nutritional studies have shown that insulin regulation is different between DT and A strains of gibel carp. As leptin plays a pivotal role in the effects of insulin, we hypothesised that leptin regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism would differ between the two strains. To test our hypothesis, recombinant human leptin was injected into two strains. The results showed that leptin activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT), AMP-activated protein kinase–acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)–signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathways in both strains. Hypoglycaemia induced by leptin might be due to higher glucose uptake by the liver and muscles together with enhanced glycolytic potential and reduced gluconeogenic potential. Decreased lipogenesis and up-regulated fatty acid oxidation were induced by leptin. In terms of genotype, the PI3K–AKT signalling pathway was more strongly activated by leptin in the muscle tissue of the A strain, as reflected by the heightened phosphorylation of AKT. Furthermore, glycogen content, glycolytic enzyme activity and gluconeogenic capability were higher in the A strain than the DT strain. Strain A had higher levels of fatty acid synthesis and lipolytic capacity in the liver than the DT strain, but the opposite was true in white muscle. Regarding leptin–genotype interactions, the DT strain displayed stronger regulation of glucose metabolism in the liver by leptin as compared with the A strain. Moreover, a more active JAK2–STAT signalling pathway accompanied by enhanced inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by leptin was observed in the DT strain. Overall, the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by leptin differed between the two strains, as expected.
40Ar/39Ar age constraints for an early Alpine metamorphism of the Sakar unit, Sakar–Strandzha zone, Bulgaria
Authors: Bonev Nikolay , Spikings Richard , Moritz Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigated the Sakar unit metamorphic rocks of the Sakar–Strandzha zone in Bulgaria, using40Ar/39Ar dating of amphibole from the polymetamorphic basement and white mica in the overlying upper Permian metasedimentary rocks of the Paleokastro Formation. The amphibole and white mica revealed plateau ages of 140.50 ± 1.75 Ma and 126.19 ± 1.29 Ma, respectively, indicating an Early Cretaceous cooling history of the regional amphibolite-facies metamorphism to greenschist-facies conditions. Similar metamorphic grades and cooling histories of the Sakar unit share evidence with the nearby Rhodope Massif for the northern Aegean region-wide early Alpine tectonometamorphic event.
Detrital zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes for the Permo-Carboniferous sediments in the northern Alxa area, NW China: provenance and tectonic implications for the middle segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Chen Yan , Wu Tairan , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe northern Alxa orogenic belt, located in the middle segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, is a junction between the North China Craton, Tarim Craton and Mongolian microcontinents. However, its Permo-Carboniferous tectono-palaeogeographic evolution has not been well established. In this study, new zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic data for the Permo-Carboniferous clastic rocks were used to address the above issue. Based on our dating work and fossil assemblages, we confirmed that the Amushan, Maihanhada, Aqide and Haersuhai formations were formed in the late Carboniferous to early Permian, early to middle Permian, middle Permian and late Permian periods, respectively. The Amushan Formation sandstone in the Zhusileng area contains abundant Palaeozoic zircons (with age peaks at 440 Ma, 475 Ma and 539 Ma) and some Precambrian zircons. These zircon ages and the southeast transgressive direction suggest the provenance to be the local Zhusileng–Hangwula block and the nearby Yagan continental margin. The zircon age pattern with a high proportion of detrital zircons much older than the depositional time and no detrital zircons close to the depositional time suggest an extensional basin depositional setting. The clastic rocks of the Maihanhada, Aqide and Haersuhai formations inherited the source for the Amushan Formation, with a greatly increased input of Permo-Carboniferous volcanic rocks with post-collision or intraplate chemical affinity. Accordingly, a Permo-Carboniferous extensional stage was suggested. Finally, a tectono-palaeogeographic model was reconstructed for the northern Alxa orogenic belt, evolving from a late Carboniferous transgression with crustal extension to early to middle Permian rapid basin filling and a late Permian marine regression.
Neisseria meningitidis carriage and risk factors among teenagers in Suizhou city in China
Authors: He Fei , Yang Hong mei , Li Guo ming , Zhu Bing qing , Zhang Yating , Jiang Hong lin , Yuan Min , Jiang Yongzhong , Lv Jing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Teenagers are important carriers of Neisseria meningitidis, which is a leading cause of invasive meningococcal disease. In China, the carriage rate and risk factors among teenagers are unclear. The present study presents a retrospective analysis of epidemiological data for N. meningitidis carriage from 2013 to 2017 in Suizhou city, China. The carriage rates were 3.26%, 2.22%, 3.33%, 3.53% and 9.88% for 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. From 2014 to 2017, the carriage rate in the 15- to 19-year-old age group (teenagers) was the highest and significantly higher than that in remain age groups. Subsequently, a larger scale survey (December 2017) for carriage rate and relative risk factors (population density, time spent in the classroom, gender and antibiotics use) were investigated on the teenagers (15- to 19-year-old age) at the same school. The carriage rate was still high at 33.48% (223/663) and varied greatly from 6.56% to 52.94% in a different class. Population density of the classroom was found to be a significant risk factor for carriage, and 1.4 persons/m2 is recommended as the maximum classroom density. Further, higher male gender ratio and more time spent in the classroom were also significantly associated with higher carriage. Finally, antibiotic use was associated with a significantly lower carriage rate. All the results imply that attention should be paid to the teenagers and various measures can be taken to reduce the N. meningitidis carriage, to prevent and control the outbreak of IMD.
Photoreceptor responses to light in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Majidi Shahriyar P. , Rajagopal Rithwick 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Vision loss, among the most feared complications of diabetes, is primarily caused by diabetic retinopathy, a disease that manifests in well-recognized, characteristic microvascular lesions. The reasons for retinal susceptibility to damage in diabetes are unclear, especially considering that microvascular networks are found in all tissues. However, the unique metabolic demands of retinal neurons could account for their vulnerability in diabetes. Photoreceptors are the first neurons in the visual circuit and are also the most energy-demanding cells of the retina. Here, we review experimental and clinical evidence linking photoreceptors to the development of diabetic retinopathy. We then describe the influence of retinal illumination on photoreceptor metabolism, effects of light modulation on the severity of diabetic retinopathy, and recent clinical trials testing the treatment of diabetic retinopathy with interventions that impact photoreceptor metabolism. Finally, we introduce several possible mechanisms that could link photoreceptor responses to light and the development of retinal vascular disease in diabetes. Collectively, these concepts form the basis for a growing body of investigative efforts aimed at developing novel pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic tools that target photoreceptor physiology to treat a very common cause of blindness across the world.
Longitudinal associations between mother–child conflict and child internalizing problems in mid-childhood
Authors: Lougheed Jessica P. , Duncan Robert J. , Keskin Gizem , Marceau Kristine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral aspects of mother–child relationships are associated with children's internalizing problems. We examined longitudinal associations between mother–child conflict and children's internalizing problems in middle childhood. Specifically, we examined whether conflict and children's internalizing problems predict each other longitudinally in a sample of children from 3rd through 6th grade (N = 1,364) and their mothers using a cross-lagged panel model with random intercepts. In line with expectations, we found stable between-family differences in both mother–child conflict and children's internalizing problems. Contrary to expectations, we did not find that mother–child conflict and children's internalizing problems showed significant cross-lagged associations. However, mother–child conflict and children's internalizing problems had correlated errors at each wave, indicating that these two constructs covary with each other concurrently at multiple times across development, independent of stable between-family associations (i.e., as one increases, so does the other, and vice versa). The results of this study point to the importance of using statistical approaches that can disentangle between-family differences from within-family processes. In future studies, shorter time scales (e.g., weeks or months) may better capture dynamic associations between parent–child conflict and internalizing problems.
Rescue Intubation in the Emergency Department After Prehospital Ketamine Administration for Agitation
Authors: Parks Daniel J. , Alter Scott M. , Shih Richard D. , Solano Joshua J. , Hughes Patrick G. , Clayton Lisa M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:Prehospital intramuscular (IM) ketamine is increasingly used for chemical restraint of agitated patients. However, few studies have assessed emergency department (ED) follow-up of patients receiving prehospital ketamine for this indication, with previous reports suggesting a high rate of post-administration intubation. This study examines the rate of and reasons for intubation and other airway interventions in agitated patients who received ketamine by Emergency Medical Services (EMS).Methods:This retrospective cohort study included patients who received prehospital ketamine for agitation and were transported to two community hospital EDs. Charts were reviewed for demographics, ketamine dose, and airway intervention by EMS or in the ED. Characteristics of patients who were intubated versus those who did not receive airway intervention were analyzed.Results:Over 28 months, 86 patients received ketamine for agitation. Fourteen (16.3%) underwent endotracheal intubation. Patients with a higher temperature and a lower Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) were more likely to require intubation. There was no age or dose-dependent association on intubation rate. Intubated patients averaged 39 years old versus 44 for patients not intubated (negative five-year difference; 95% CI, -16 to 6). The mean ketamine dose was 339.3mg in patients intubated versus 350.7mg in patients not (-11.4mg difference; 95% CI, -72.4 to 49.6). The mean weight-based ketamine dose was 4.44mg/kg in patients intubated versus 4.96mg/kg in patients not (-0.53mg/kg difference; 95% CI, -1.49 to 0.43).Conclusions:The observed rate of intubation in patients receiving prehospital ketamine for agitation was 16.3%. Study data did not reveal an age or dose-dependent rate of intubation. Further research should be conducted to compare the airway intervention rate of agitated patients receiving ketamine versus other sedatives in a controlled fashion.