bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining high‐protein ingredients from pseudocereals and legumes for the development of fresh high‐protein hybrid pasta: maintained technological quality and adequate sensory attributes
Authors: Hoehnel Andrea , Bez Jürgen , Amarowicz Ryszard , Arendt Elke K. , Zannini Emanuele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fortification of cereal foods, like pasta, with pseudocereal and legume ingredients promises a substantial improvement of their nutritional quality. However, partial replacement of wheat by pseudocereals and legumes in pasta formulations bears challenges regarding the products' technological and sensory quality. This study investigates the partial replacement of wheat semolina by a combination of high‐protein ingredients (HPIs) from buckwheat, faba bean and lupin to reach a protein level of 20% of calories provided by protein. This high‐protein hybrid pasta (HPHP) formulation was subjected to a thorough evaluation of technological quality characteristics and compared to regular wheat pasta and pasta formulations containing the single HPIs. Additionally, descriptive sensory profiling was performed to compare organoleptic properties of HPHP with regular wheat pasta.RESULTSThe quality of pasta formulations containing single HPIs was significantly reduced with regard to at least one of the determined quality characteristics. For the HPHP formulation containing all three HPIs, the technological quality was found to be equal to regular wheat pasta. No significant differences were detected for the most indicative quality characteristics cooking loss, firmness and stickiness. This was attributed primarily to compensating effects of the HPIs with respect to different quality characteristics. Sensory analysis revealed only slightly inferior overall quality of HPHP in comparison to regular wheat pasta, especially promoted by similar textural properties.CONCLUSIONThe combination of selected HPIs offers the opportunity to produce high‐protein hybrid pasta with technological and sensory quality similar to regular wheat pasta at a level of wheat semolina replacement of 25%. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Pathway‐extended gene expression signatures integrate novel biomarkers that improve predictions of patient responses to kinase inhibitors
Authors: Bagchee‐Clark Ashis J. , Mucaki Eliseos J. , Whitehead Tyson , Rogan Peter K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCancer chemotherapy responses have been related to multiple pharmacogenetic biomarkers, often for the same drug. This study utilizes machine learning to derive multi‐gene expression signatures that predict individual patient responses to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including erlotinib, gefitinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, lapatinib and imatinib. Support vector machine (SVM) learning was used to train mathematical models that distinguished sensitivity from resistance to these drugs using a novel systems biology‐based approach. This began with expression of genes previously implicated in specific drug responses, then expanded to evaluate genes whose products were related through biochemical pathways and interactions. Optimal pathway‐extended SVMs predicted responses in patients at accuracies of 70% (imatinib), 71% (lapatinib), 83% (sunitinib), 83% (erlotinib), 88% (sorafenib) and 91% (gefitinib). These best performing pathway‐extended models demonstrated improved balance predicting both sensitive and resistant patient categories, with many of these genes having a known role in cancer aetiology. Ensemble machine learning‐based averaging of multiple pathway‐extended models derived for an individual drug increased accuracy to >70% for erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatinib and sorafenib. Through incorporation of novel cancer biomarkers, machine learning‐based pathway‐extended signatures display strong efficacy predicting both sensitive and resistant patient responses to chemotherapy.
Interpreters' experiences of participating in an introduction course in the healthcare sector. An ethnographic field observation study
Authors: Nielsen Dorthe S. , Abdulkadir Leila S. , Rehling Charlotte , Sodemann Morten 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to explore how interpreters experienced being part of a special designed health introduction course and to obtain their perspectives on the learning process. The overall aim was to improve health care to patients with language barriers.DesignWith a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, we used participant observations as a method for collecting data.MethodThe teaching methods used were case‐based learning, role‐play and active involvement including dialogs, discussions and critical reflections. The interpreters were divided into teams of 10–15 interpreters. Over the duration of 6 weeks, teaching sessions were conducted, with 3 hr/week planned.ResultsThe findings emphasize the importance of providing the interpreters with education, supervision and a work environment where they can confidentially share and get competent feedback on their experiences and linguistic skills, in order to ensure patients get the correct information in their native language.
Registration of ‘Stingray CL+’ soft white winter wheat
Authors: Carter A. H. , Balow K. A. , Shelton G. B. , Burke A. B. , Hagemeyer K. E. , Stowe A. , Worapong J. , Higginbotham R. W. , Chen X. M. , Engle D. A. , Murray T. D. , Morris C. F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSoft white winter (SWW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with the Clearfield Production System technology are an important tool for producers in wheat production regions of Washington State. Paired with the use of the group 2 (Amino Acid Inhibitors/ALS) Beyond (BASF Corporation) herbicide (imazamox), tolerant wheat allows producers options where the current herbicide chemistry has not been adequate to control grass weeds. The objective of this research was to develop a two‐gene Beyond‐tolerant SWW wheat cultivar with improved resistance to the stripe rust pathogen and strawbreaker foot rot, maintains high yield potential across production regions, and has improved end‐use quality. ‘Stingray CL+’ (Reg. no. CV‐1171, PI 691557) SWW wheat was developed and released in March 2019 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. Stingray CL+ was tested under the experimental designations MAS100095‐2‐1‐S10‐1 and WA8275 CL+, assigned through progressive generations of advancement. Stingray CL+ is a two‐gene Beyond‐tolerant semi‐dwarf cultivar adapted for the high rainfall wheat production regions of Washington. Stingray CL+ has high‐temperature adult‐plant resistance to the stripe rust pathogen, is heterogeneous for the Pch1 gene for strawbreaker foot rot, is tolerant to the chemistry of Beyond herbicide, is intermediate in height, has midseason maturity, and has high grain volume weight and grain yield. The end‐use quality properties of Stingray CL+ are acceptable to meet both domestic and export market standards.
Investigation of the complexation behavior of polyethylene oxide with surfactant ternary mixture: Conductometry
Authors: Begum Mehnaz , Bibi Irum , Bibi Saira , Khan Muhammad Fiaz , Shah Muzafar , Bibi Nadia , Hussain Shah Syed Waqar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn binary system consisting only of the oppositely charged surfactants, a single type of aggregates (mostly probably vesicles) was identified. Upon polymer addition, a shift in aggregation concentration was observed; however, no additional clustering occurred and single inflection point was visible in all property versus concentration plots. The binding behavior in ternary mixtures comprising of poly (ethylene oxide), sodium dodecyl sulfate, and acetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide has been studied by using conductivity. The aggregation and binding phenomena were thermodynamically feasible, unraveled by the negative values of Gibbs free energy. An increased amount of adsorbed poly (ethylene oxide) caused an increase in these values, showing an alteration in interfacial free energy due to release of water molecules from vesicles' surface. The area per molecule calculated for ternary system indicted the existence of compact packing in mixed clusters.
Vascular and pulmonary comorbidities in children with congenital EA/TEF
Authors: Poore Thomas S. , Weinman Jason P. , Handley Elyse , Wine Todd , Helland Sparrow , Corbett Benjamin , Antoniolli Natalie , Somme Stig , Friedlander Joel , Prager Jeremy D , DeBoer Emily M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is associated with many congenital and vascular malformations; however, reports utilizing computed tomography (CT) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) are limited. The objective of this study is to review CT scans of the chest from patients with EA/TEF and report their pulmonary and vascular findings.MethodsWe completed a retrospective chart review of children with congenital EA/TEF evaluated in the aerodigestive clinic at Children's Hospital Colorado. Results of the most recent CTA or CT of the chest were investigated. Demographics, medical conditions, and bronchoscopy findings were also recorded. The ratio of tracheal lumen area between inspiratory and expiratory CTA images was measured.ResultsOf the patients with congenital EA/TEF seen in the program, 47 patients had a chest CT available for review. Eight patients (17%) had bronchiectasis. Of the contrast CT scans, 15 (58%) had a vascular abnormality and 16 (62%) demonstrated tracheal compression (38% at the level of the innominate artery, 35% from other structures). Nineteen of the CTAs had volumetric expiratory images of the trachea to evaluate tracheomalacia. The mean expiratory:inspiratory area was 0.57 (SD ± 0.23) at the level of the innominate.ConclusionPatients with EA/TEF frequently have vascular abnormalities that may alter airway mechanics as well as pulmonary comorbidities that may affect long‐term management. For patients experiencing persistent respiratory symptoms, CTA of the chest should be considered adjunct to bronchoscopy to help with medical and surgical management of these children.
Modeling response of water temperature to channelization in a coastal river network
Authors: Miller Robert L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the role of channelization works on water temperatures in the Vermilion River network located in coastal Louisiana, USA. A physically based one‐dimensional (1D) approach is taken for hydrodynamics and heat exchange in the Vermilion River as an initial step toward understanding the cumulative effects of flood control on riverine water quality and aquatic population dynamics. The model performs acceptably well against available measurements for stage (root mean square deviation [RMSD] = 0.27 m, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency [NSE] = 0.69—mean) and water temperature (RMSD = 1.6°C, NSE = 0.91—mean) for the purposes of scenario evaluation. Alternative forcing scenarios are developed to assess thermal impact sensitivities to dredge‐type channelization under various atmospheric and headwater boundary conditions. The results suggest that river dredging enhances daily temperature fluctuations in the adjacent swamp while reducing thermal variation in the river. Temperature variation and cumulative effects are also analyzed during critical biological periods at daily time scales as increased temperature fluctuation may increase thermal stress, while net cooling (cumulative temperature reduction) may affect reproduction and growth rates of riverine fish populations. The findings are relevant in the management, protection, and restoration of coastal riverine ecosystems and future modeling of the cumulative ecological effect of river channelization measures.
How climate change interacts with inequity to affect nutrition
Authors: Salm Leah , Nisbett Nicholas , Cramer Laura , Gillespie Stuart , Thornton Philip 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClimate change poses a growing threat to the achievement of optimal nutritional status, both directly through affecting food production and indirectly through altering social and economic influences in people's lives. These adverse nutrition outcomes are not evenly distributed across the world, and vulnerable populations are the most impacted. Understanding how different forms of inequity interact with climate change and adverse nutritional outcomes is a novel area of research in today's challenging environment of increased climate change pressures. This article presents the results of a systematic literature search undertaken to identify the connections, trends and pathways between climate change, inequity and nutrition outcomes. Forty‐six peer‐reviewed studies are identified that explore these complex interactions with a specific focus on the extent to which equity is a fundamental component of climate change and nutrition research. The pathways captured in this body of evidence are mapped to current framework thinking to identify trends and gaps. While there is a trend for studies to acknowledge an unfair distribution of vulnerability to adverse nutrition outcomes, there is less attention given to the (lack of) recognition of the social situations which increase these groups' vulnerability and the absence of representation or inclusion of these groups as vital decision‐makers. Studies that do incorporate these core dimensions of equity take mixed‐method and qualitative approaches. This highlights an inherent value in stepping outside the usual scope of empirical climate change research, one that incorporates the voices of those most affected.This article is categorized under:
Climate and Development > Sustainability and Human Well‐Being
On the spectrum of pure higher spin gravity
Authors: Alday Luis F. , Bae Jin-Beom , Benjamin Nathan , Jorge-Diaz Carmen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the spectrum of pure massless higher spin theories in AdS3. The light spectrum is given by a tower of massless particles of spin s = 2, ⋯ , N and their multi-particles states. Their contribution to the torus partition function organises into the vacuum character of the $$ {\mathcal{W}}_N $$

W
N

algebra. Modular invariance puts constraints on the heavy spectrum of the theory, and in particular leads to negative norm states, which would be inconsistent with unitarity. This negativity can be cured by including additional light states, below the black hole threshold but whose mass grows with the central charge. We show that these states can be interpreted as conical defects with deficit angle 2π(1 − 1/M). Unitarity allows the inclusion of such defects into the path integral provided M ≥ N.
Massive gravity from double copy
Authors: Momeni Arshia , Rumbutis Justinas , Tolley Andrew J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe consider the double copy of massive Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions, whose decoupling limit is a nonlinear sigma model. The latter may be regarded as the leading terms in the low energy effective theory of a heavy Higgs model, in which the Higgs has been integrated out. The obtained double copy effective field theory contains a massive spin-2, massive spin-1 and a massive spin-0 field, and we construct explicitly its interacting Lagrangian up to fourth order in fields. We find that up to this order, the spin-2 self interactions match those of the dRGT massive gravity theory, and that all the interactions are consistent with a Λ3= (m2MPl)1/3cutoff. We construct explicitly the Λ3decoupling limit of this theory and show that it is equivalent to a bi-Galileon extension of the standard Λ3massive gravity decoupling limit theory. Although it is known that the double copy of a nonlinear sigma model is a special Galileon, the decoupling limit of massive Yang-Mills theory is a more general Galileon theory. This demonstrates that the decoupling limit and double copy procedures do not commute and we clarify why this is the case in terms of the scaling of their kinematic factors.
Ultrahypofractionation of localized prostate cancer
Authors: Wolf Frank , Sedlmayer Felix , Aebersold Daniel , Albrecht Clemens , Böhmer Dirk , Flentje Michael , Ganswindt Ute , Ghadjar Pirus , Höcht Stefan , Hölscher Tobias , Müller Arndt-Christian , Niehoff Peter , Pinkawa Michael , Schmidt-Hegemann Nina-Sophie , Zamboglou Constantinos , Zips Daniel , Wiegel Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDue to its low fractionation sensitivity, also known as “alpha/beta ratio,” in relation to its surrounding organs at risk, prostate cancer is predestined for hypofractionated radiation schedules assuming an increased therapeutic ratio compared to normofractionated regimens. While moderate hypofractionation (2.2–4 Gy) has been proven to be non-inferior to normal fractionation in several large randomized trials for localized prostate cancer, level I evidence for ultrahypofractionation (>4 Gy) was lacking until recently. An accumulating body of non-randomized evidence has recently been strengthened by the publication of two randomized studies comparing ultrahypofractionation with a normofractionated schedule, i.e., the Scandinavian HYPO-RT trial by Widmark et al. and the first toxicity results of the PACE‑B trial. In this review, we aim to give a brief overview of the current evidence of ultrahypofractionation, make an overall assessment of the level of evidence, and provide recommendations and requirements that should be followed before introducing ultrahypofractionation into routine clinical use.
Intranasale Lidocainvernebelung als neue und nichtinvasive Therapieoption des Postpunktionskopfschmerzes
Authors: Siegler Benedikt Hermann , Gruß Marco , Oehler Beatrice , Keßler Jens , Fluhr Herbert , Weis Claudia , Schulz Frank , Weigand Markus Alexander 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDer Postpunktionskopfschmerz („postdural puncture headache“ [PDPH]) stellt eine ernsthafte anästhesiologische Komplikation geburtshilflich behandelter Patientinnen dar. Führen konservativ-medikamentöse Therapieversuche nicht zu einer Symptomlinderung, empfehlen aktuelle Leitlinien die frühzeitige Durchführung eines epiduralen Blut-Patch. Als potenzielle Alternative wird die transnasale Blockade des Ganglion sphenopalatinum mittels Lokalanästhetika diskutiert.MethodeIn dieser Falldarstellung wird erstmals von einer Modifikation dieser Technik unter Anwendung eines Medikamentenzerstäubers („mucosal atomization device“ [MAD]) zur Therapie eines PDPH bei zwei geburtshilflichen Patientinnen berichtet. Über dieses Verfahren existieren bislang keine Erfahrungen aus der geburtshilflichen Anästhesiologie.ErgebnisseDie erste Patientin (25-jährige Zweitgravida, BMI 54,7 kg/m2) zeigte am ersten Tag nach Sectio caesarea in Spinalanästhesie einen ausgeprägten PDPH mit starker Übelkeit und Erbrechen. Bei der zweiten Patientin (32-jährige Drittgravida, BMI 27,3 kg/m2) kam es 4 Tage nach Spontanpartus unter Periduralanästhesie zu einer PDPH-bedingten Wiederaufnahme. Während konservative Maßnahmen sowie Therapieversuche mit Nichtopioidanalgetika und Koffein keinen hinreichenden Behandlungserfolg erzielten, führte die intranasale Lidocainapplikation mittels MAD zu einer unmittelbaren und persistierenden Linderung der Beschwerden. Von beiden Patientinnen wurde die Lidocaingabe sehr gut vertragen; sie konnten am Folgetag aus dem Krankenhaus entlassen werden.SchlussfolgerungDie vorgestellte nichtinvasive und einfach durchzuführende Maßnahme stellt eine wertvolle Ergänzung bisheriger Therapieoptionen und eine potenzielle Alternative zum epiduralen Blutpatch bei geburtshilflichen Patientinnen mit PDPH dar.
Evaluation of a Motion Correction Algorithm for C-Arm Computed Tomography Acquired During Transarterial Chemoembolization
Authors: Becker Lena S. , Gutberlet Marcel , Maschke Sabine K. , Werncke Thomas , Dewald Cornelia L. A. , von Falck Christian , Vogel Arndt , Kloeckner Roman , Meyer Bernhard C. , Wacker Frank , Hinrichs Jan B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the feasibility of a motion correction 3D reconstruction prototype technique for C-arm computed tomography (CACT).

Material and Methods
We included 65 consecutive CACTs acquired during transarterial chemoembolization of 54 patients (47 m,7f; 67 ± 11.3 years). All original raw datasets (CACTOrg) underwent reconstruction with and without volume punching of high-contrast objects using a 3D image reconstruction software to compensate for motion (CACTMC_bone;CACTMC_no bone). Subsequently, the effect on image quality (IQ) was evaluated using objective (image sharpness metric) and subjective criteria. Subjective criteria were defined by vessel geometry, overall IQ, delineation of tumor feeders, the presence of foreign material-induced artifacts and need for additional imaging, assessed by two independent readers on a 3-(vessel geometry and overall IQ) or 2-point scale, respectively. Friedman rank-sum test and post hoc analysis in form of pairwise Wilcoxon signed-rank test were computed and inter-observer agreement analyzed using kappa test.

Results
Objective IQ as defined by an image sharpness metric, increased from 273.5 ± 28 (CACTOrg) to 328.5 ± 55.1 (CACTMC_bone) and 331 ± 57.8 (CACTMC_no bone; all p < 0.0001). These results could largely be confirmed by the subjective analysis, which demonstrated predominantly good and moderate inter-observer agreement, with best agreement for CACTMC_no bone in all categories (e.g., vessel geometry: CACTOrg: κ = 0.51, CACTMC_bone: κ = 0.42, CACTMC_no bone: κ = 0.69).

Conclusion
The application of a motion correction algorithm was feasible for all data sets and led to an increase in both objective and subjective IQ parameters.

Level of Evidence
3
Parametrisation of change-permitting extreme value models and its impact on the description of change
Authors: Prosdocimi Ilaria , Kjeldsen Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe potential for changes in environmental extremes is routinely investigated by fitting change-permitting extreme value models to long-term observations, allowing one or more distribution parameters to change as a function of time or some other covariate. In most extreme value analyses, the main quantity of interest is typically the upper quantiles of the distribution, which are often needed for practical applications such as engineering design. This study focuses on the changes in quantile estimates under different change-permitting models. First, metrics which measure the impact of changes in parameters on changes in quantiles are introduced. The mathematical structure of these change metrics is investigated for several change-permitting models based on the Generalised Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. It is shown that for the most commonly used models, the predicted changes in the quantiles are a non-intuitive function of the distribution parameters, leading to results which are difficult to interpret. Next, it is posited that commonly used change-permitting GEV models do not preserve a constant coefficient of variation, a property that is typically assumed to hold for environmental extremes. To address these shortcomings a new (parsimonious) model is proposed: the model assumes a constant coefficient of variation, allowing the location and scale parameters to change simultaneously. The proposed model results in changes in the quantile function that are easier to interpret. Finally, the consequences of the different modelling choices on quantile estimates are exemplified using a dataset of extreme peak river flow measurements in Massachusetts, USA. It is argued that the decision on which model structure to adopt to describe change in extremes should also take into consideration any requirements on the behaviour of the quantiles of interest.