bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compression of Entanglement Improves Quantum Communication
Authors: Guo Yu , Tang Hao , Pauwels Jef , Cruzeiro Emmanuel Zambrini , Hu Xiao‐Min , Liu Bi‐Heng , Huang Yun‐Feng , Li Chuan‐Feng , Guo Guang‐Can , Tavakoli Armin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractShared entanglement can significantly amplify classical correlations between systems interacting over a limited quantum channel. A natural avenue is to use entanglement of the same dimension as the channel because this allows for unitary encodings, which preserve global coherence until a measurement is performed. Contrasting this, a distributed task based on a qubit channel is demonstrated, for which irreversible encoding operations can outperform any possible coherence‐preserving protocol. This corresponds to using high‐dimensional entanglement and encoding information by compressing one of the subsystems into a qubit. Demonstrating this phenomenon requires the preparation of a 4D maximally entangled state, the compression of two qubits into one and joint qubit‐ququart entangled measurements, with all modules executed at near‐optimal fidelity. A proof‐of‐principle experiment is reported that achieves the advantage by realizing separate systems in distinct and independently controlled paths of a single photon. This result demonstrates the relevance of high‐dimensional entanglement and non‐unitary operations for enhancing the communication capabilities of standard qubit transmissions.
Nonlinear 3D Photographic Material With Luminescent Visualization of Images
Authors: Martynovich Evgueni F. , Frolova Anastasia S. , Rakevich Alexander L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA new nonlinear volumetric photographic material based on a KCl crystal with activating doping with thallium salt has been created. This is a new medium of a new class of functional materials that has been forming in recent years and are intended for visualization, recording, digitization, storage, and study of 3D patterns of highly nonlinear interaction of femto‐ and attosecond laser pulses with optical media. In a KCl crystal, two new types of previously unknown, optically and thermally stable luminescence centers have been created for the first time. They form a latent image and allow its visualization. They are induced by laser radiation and have the following main characteristics: the maximum of the luminescence band is 640 nm, absorption is 423 nm, and the luminescence decay time constant is 35 ns for the first center. For the second center, these characteristics have the following values, respectively, 440, 365 nm, and 1.3 µs. The created material is also suitable for the production of volumetric optical media for direct laser recording of visual or digital information.
THE LEADERSHIP JOURNEY OVER A LIFETIME: HOW LEARNING MOMENTS CAN BE TRANSFORMATIVE
Authors: Ridge Garry 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe author, Chairman Emeritus of WD‐40 Company, reflects on his long career at the company, which started in sales and ended recently as CEO and Chairman. He notes an important question that he says is rarely asked: “How did you become the person who was equipped to do that?” He further notes that “If I can do it, a kid from the Sydney suburb of Five Dock, who left formal education at 16 because he’d rather learn first‐hand how to sell stuff, I have to believe that anyone can do it.” Plain‐spoken wisdom is dispensed throughout, including that “once you achieve a senior‐most leadership role, however, you quickly realize that having your hands in all the functions of the enterprise is an inefficient use of your time and viewpoint from the more elevated position.” After becoming CEO, he read a transformative, life‐changing quote from the Dalai Lama: “Our purpose in life is to make people happy. If you can’t make them happy, at least don’t hurt them.” He realized that he “wanted to create a workplace culture where people went to work every day happy in the knowledge that they would be doing meaningful work in the company of colleagues they liked, trusted, and respected.”
A Facile Strategy to Construct Stretchable and Thermoreversible Double Network Hydrogels with Low Hysteresis and High Toughness Based on Entanglement and Hydrogen Bond Networks
Authors: Lei Kun , Jiang Qixiu , Wang Xinling , Gong Dianhao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh toughness and low hysteresis are of great significance for stretchable hydrogels to strengthen their reliability and practicability for cycle‐loaded applications. Whereas, it is still challenging to simultaneously gain mutually repulsive properties due to the existence of dissipation structure. Here, stretchable and recoverable double network (DN) hydrogels comprising highly entangled network structure and temperature‐induced dense hydrogen bond (HB)‐associated network structure are synthesized, in which slidable entanglements and dense HBs act as the effective crosslinking in first and second networks, respectively. Moveable entanglements and stable HB structures endow hydrogels with high stretchability (999%), high tensile strength (0.82 MPa) and high fracture toughness (4.51 MJ·m−3) through stress transmission along long chains and HB clusters energy dissipation. Moreover, the imposed energy on hydrogels can saved in oriented polymer chains by disentanglement as an entropy loss, thus ensuring the low hysteresis (6.2% at 100% tensile strain) of hydrogels. In addition, deformed hydrogel can be well remodeled and recovered (stress recovery of 95.5%) by temperature–triggered sol–gel transition of HB network. By means of entanglement and hydrogen bond strategies, stretchable DN hydrogels not only equilibrate the conflict of low hysteresis and high toughness, but also provides a new perspective to design high‐property hydrogels for cycle‐loaded applications.
Effect of Crosslinking Agent on the Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Scaffolds
Authors: Nam Chong Jung , Johari Nur Fatini Ilyana Mohamat , Khan Sulaiman , Kabeb Siti Maznah , Zulkifli Farah Hanani 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the crosslinking agent on the blend bioplolymerized hydroxyethyl cellulose and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with cellulose nanocrystal porous scaffolds. The hydroxyethyl cellulose/PVA/crystal nanocellulose (HEC/PVA/CNC) is crosslinked by using two different polymer solutions which are glutaraldehyde (GA) (1 wt.%) and calcium chloride (20 wt.%). The comparison on the physicochemical properties of the crosslinked scaffolds is characterized via field electron scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), TGA, degradation, and mechanical properties studies. The results show that the properties of fabricated scaffolds are improved by crosslinking process with more prominent results on GA organic compound. Overall, the HEC/PVA/CNC scaffolds are exhibited good physicochemical properties and can be considered as potential substrate for tissue engineering applications.
Enhancing Waste Management by Utilizing Pineapple Waste via Fermentation for Ethanol Production
Authors: Mohamed Shariff Sharizainor Sharina , Ramli Azizan , Samsudin Ahmad Salihin , Zaharudin Nazikussabah 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the use of pineapple peel waste (Ananas comosus L. Merr), as a substrate for fermentation‐based ethanol production. The samples are pretreated, employed for acidic hydrolysis, and fermented under different temperatures and pH conditions. Total reducing sugar (TRS) and ethanol content are determined. The results show that the TRS concentration decreases from 1817 ± 28.87 to 777 ± 25.17 µg mL−1 during 0–168 h, indicating sugar consumption during fermentation. The ethanol concentration is 6.6% ± 0.2% and optimal ethanol production is at 25 °C with pH 6. These findings suggest that controlled fermentation of pineapple peel waste can be a viable technique for ethanol production, contributing to improved waste management and the development of alternate energy resources.
Polymers as Sensing Layers in MEMS Biosensors for Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Niranjan Arpana , Gupta Pallavi , Rajoria Manisha , Noor I. M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPolymers have been used significantly in MEMS (micro‐electro‐mechanical systems) biosensors as substrates, sensor materials, packaging, surface encapsulation, and transducer elements. The sensing layer is a component that interacts with the target molecule. The choice of material for the sensing layer affects the sensitivity of the sensor. This research explores four commonly used polymers (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), nylon, poly methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and polyethylene) as a sensor layer for bio‐recognition in MEMS biosensors. The study is simulation‐based. Two models, namely, a simple micro‐cantilever beam and piezoelectric cantilever MEMS, are regarded in the paper. Different properties, such as stress and displacements, are studied, as well as voltage, in the case of the piezoelectric model. The comparative study contributes to understanding how different polymer materials and readout methods impact the choice of material for the sensing layer for MEMS biosensors. Results show that for applications using displacement measurement for further analysis, a simple cantilever is more suitable. The PED model has low displacement sensitivity but is an excellent choice when electric output is required. PDMA shows the best results among the materials used for comparative analysis. The final choice of materials depends on the specific application; PDMA provides flexibility and ease of fabrication, whereas PMMA is more suitable for applications requiring rigidity and chemical resistance. PDMA has 1.63 times more voltage sensitivity than PMMA. Furthermore benefits and challenges of using polymer as a sensing layer are also discussed.
Red Melinjo Peel Extract as a Source of Encapsulated Nanocarotenoid for Food Fortification
Authors: Harinata Hariton , Clarensia Vania , Bhakti Theresia , Wardana Ata Aditya , Setiarto R. Haryo Bimo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aims to encapsulate the carotenoid nanoemulsion from red melinjo peel as an alternative for food fortification. Nanocarotenoid emulsion is obtained by homogenizing red melinjo extract using ultraturrax (11 000 rpm) ps followed by ultrasonic for 1 h, confirmed with particle size analysis. The encapsulated nanocarotenoid formula is developed by adding maltodextrin to carotenoid nanoemulsion. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), encapsulation efficiency of maltodextrin, and carotenoid content are also characterized. The treatment of 1 h ultrasonication successfully reduces the particle size, with a diameter of 99.54 ± 0.03 nm. Maltodextrin added to nanoemulsion at the level of 100% shows the highest encapsulation efficiency at 54.33% ± 1.36%. Additionally, the sample treated with 1 h of sonication exhibits a higher β‐carotene content (8.50 ppm) compared to the control sample (6.0 ppm), while the sonicated sample has lower carotenoid content (600 ppm) than the nonsonicated sample (625 ppm).
The Effect of the Presence of ILs on the Strength and Ionic Conductivity of Nafion Membrane
Authors: Abu Talip Ruwaida Asyikin , Yahya Wan Zaireen Nisa 
Published: February 2025

AbstractProton exchange membrane, a key element of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, with perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes notably Nafion has been principally used as it provides high proton conductivity and high mechanical strength with good durability even at high pressure. Nonetheless, at high temperatures, the membrane suffers from conductivity problems due to dehydration, notably at high temperatures. Ionic liquids (ILs) which possess unique properties such as high electrochemical windows, high ionic conductivity, and high thermal stability have been the subject of interest in solving this problem. In this study, a protic ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (BMIMOTf) have been incorporated into the Nafion 117 through the solution casting and immersion method at different weight loading from 5–50 wt.% and tested their ionic conductivity, mechanical strength at different temperatures. It is found that at 20 wt.% loading the resulting composite membrane showed a high conductivity with considerable tensile strength. Furthermore, at different wt.% the incorporated ILs have improved the thermal stability of the membrane.
Ionic Liquid 1‐Ethyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Tricyanomethanide‐Doped Polymer Electrolyte for Device Application
Authors: Singh Pooja , Gupta Awanish , Gupta Sandhya 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol)‐based polymer electrolyte films doped with ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide (EMIMTCM) were prepared by the solution casting method. The structural characterization has been done with polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Incorporation of ionic liquid shows the decrease in crystallinity in polymer matrix with an increase wt% of ionic liquid, which is confirmed with differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. The prepared samples were subjected to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to measure the ionic conductivity and the dielectric constant. Electrochemical stability voltage measurement confirms the prepared polymer electrolyte film is stable up to 3.99 V, and the ionic transfer number was calculated by Wagner's polarization method, which confirms the ionic nature of prepared polymer electrolyte films.
Model for High‐Tech Materials with Exponential Demand, Time‐Varying Holding Costs, and Constant Deterioration Rate
Authors: Gautam Renu , Gupta Sangeeta , Srivastav Sweta 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe authors develop an inventory model for high‐tech materials like those used in smartphones and electronics, and so on, where demand grows exponentially and the deterioration rate is constant. Holding costs increase linearly with time, and shortages are managed with partial backlogs. Their primary aim is to maximize total profit through this model, analyzing how changes in parameter values impact this objective. A numerical example illustrates sensitivity analysis, with graphs showing the connections among model parameters, economic order quantity (EOQ), optimal timing, and total profit.
Relationship of Glucose Molecule and Thyroid Macromolecule Hormones Disorder in Children
Authors: Hussein Mohanad Mohammed , Saleh Nadia Ahmed 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the relationship between glucose levels and thyroid disorders in children admitted in the Emergency Children's Hospital. This study is carried‐out on 60 children that divided into three groups that divided into 1st group consists of 20 patients of normal thyroid function and glucose level and considered as a control group, 2nd group that consists of 20 patients that suffering from hyperthyroidism and the 3rd group that consists of 20 patients, which are suffering from hypothyroidism. Our study concluded that, in T1DM patients with normal thyroid function, thyroid hormone levels are closely related to glucose and lipid metabolism, so it is particularly important to detect thyroid feature in T1DM patients, which is useful for early detection and correction of bizarre thyroid function, and similarly, it might also enhance the ailment of glucose and lipid metabolism and forestall the complications of T1DM. The results also cleared that, in children with hyperthyroidism have a higher level of blood glucose than the normal control patients, while in hypothyroidism, the blood glucose level decreased than the normal control group and the increasing level of glucose in hyperthyroidism is associated with decreasing level of Vitamin D and increasing level of serum lipids total cholesterol, serum triglycerides LDL‐C, VLDL‐C, and increasing the athrogenic index.
Influence of Rubber Combinations on the Low‐Temperature Static Stiffness of Rubber Pad
Authors: Chen Chuanzhi , He Chunjiang , Bai Tao , Hu Zhibo , Fan Zhihua 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe increase in static stiffness of rubber pad during winter in cold regions reduces track elasticity and ride comfort. To improve low‐temperature properties, a rubber pad was prepared using a blend of polybutadiene rubber (BR) and styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR). The effects of the blending ratio on the low‐temperature and mechanical properties of the rubber pad were analyzed using a material testing machine, a differential scanning calorimeter, and a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The static stiffness change rate at low temperatures (RLT) of rubber pads prepared from NR, BR, and SBR were 27.3%, 651.6%, and 52.6%, respectively. The rubber blending had a great effect on the RLT. The results showed that the RLT of the SBR/BR blend was lower than that of natural rubber (NR)/BR and NR/SBR blends. The SBR and BR showed good compatibility, while the crystallinity of BR was destroyed, and the glass‐transition temperature of SBR decreased in the SBR/BR blend. At an SBR/BR blending ratio of 60/40, the RLT was 15.6% at −35°C and other properties met the required standards. This work can provide help for the development of rubber pad with excellent low‐temperature properties.
Field Evaluation of Advanced Rice Lines for Adaptability to Drought and Heat in the Senegal River Valley
Authors: Moukoumbi Yonnelle Dea , El‐Namaky Raafat , Sikirou Mouritala , Bocco Roland , Mbodj Daouda , Pegalepo Esther , Akueson Adoté Hervé Gildas , Manneh Baboucarr 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn Senegal, the average rice consumed is 100 kg per capita per year. The objective was to evaluate and select the well‐adapted high‐yielding lines in Ndiaye and Fanaye growth conditions in Senegal River Valley. One hundred and twelve advanced lines were evaluated in consecutive wet and dry seasons at AfricaRice Fanaye and Ndiaye sites challenged by drought and high temperatures. Unlike Fanaye, Ndiaye faces severe water scarcity and extreme heat. An alpha‐lattice design was used with three replications. The number of tillers and plant height at 30 days after sowing, plant height at maturity, days to 50% heading, and grain yield; physiological: leaves chlorophyll content at 50% heading stage, yield grain, thousand grain weight, and number of panicles per plant were recorded to evaluate the increasing of rice productivity. Results showed significant variation among the advanced lines and the test “Kruskal‐Wallis medians” was used for the mean comparison for the five descriptors during growth and development stages. Path analysis revealed that Ndiaye's harsh conditions negatively impacted NT30, PH30, PHmat, PNP, Dmat, and GY, with negative effects on NT30 (ρ = −0.63), PH30 (ρ = −0.67), and PNP (ρ = −0.15). However, SH (ρ = 0.71) and TGW (ρ = 0.37) had positive direct effects. Cluster analysis generated four groups showing the characteristics of 112 advanced lines. Most of the advanced lines were outperforming local elite varieties. The lines WAC 18‐WAT15‐3‐1, WAC 18‐WAT65‐1‐1, WAC 13‐WAT32‐2‐1, and WAB 2150‐TGR1‐WAT3‐1 produced the highest yields for Ndiaye, with 4752, 5589, 5589, 5644, and 6943 kg/ha. For Fanaye, the best genotypes were IR 09 N523, CT18919‐4‐2‐2‐2SR‐1P, CT18494‐4‐4‐3‐3‐1SR, WAB 2125‐WACB‐1‐TGR1‐WAT1‐1, and CT19541‐13‐3‐1‐2P‐3P, with 8824, 8984, 9014, 9639, and 8496 kg/ha, respectively. The authors recommend that these lines be released or used as donors in breeding programs, and further studies can consider stability analysis using the best adapted varieties.
Plant Defense Responses to Insect Herbivores Through Molecular Signaling, Secondary Metabolites, and Associated Epigenetic Regulation
Authors: Mahanta Deepak Kumar , Komal J. , Samal Ipsita , Bhoi Tanmaya Kumar , Kumar P. V. Dinesh , Mohapatra Swapnalisha , Athulya R. , Majhi Prasanta Kumar , Mastinu Andrea 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOver millions of years of interactions, plants have developed complex defense mechanisms to counteract diverse insect herbivory strategies. These defenses encompass morphological, biochemical, and molecular adaptations that mitigate the impacts of herbivore attacks. Physical barriers, such as spines, trichomes, and cuticle layers, deter herbivores, while biochemical defenses include the production of secondary metabolites and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The initial step in the plant's defense involves sensing mechanical damage and chemical cues, including herbivore oral secretions and herbivore‐induced VOCs. This triggers changes in plasma membrane potential driven by ion fluxes across plant cell membranes, activating complex signal transduction pathways. Key hormonal mediators, such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene, orchestrate downstream defense responses, including VOC release and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of plant responses to herbivory, emphasizing early and late defense mechanisms, encompassing physical barriers, signal transduction cascades, secondary metabolites synthesis, phytohormone signaling, and epigenetic regulation.
Enhanced Gradient Field Compensation in Multi‐Channel Atomic Magnetometers with Adaptive Algorithms
Authors: Zhang Yaohua , Wang Zhuo , Cao Li , Tang Junjian , Zhai Yueyang , Wang Yaxiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe utilization of spin‐exchange relaxation‐free (SERF) effects in atomic magnetometers is demonstrated significant potential for ultrasensitive biomagnetic field measurements. However, the presence of residual gradient fields could introduce additional spin‐exchange relaxation, which will attenuate the response of the magnetometer. Consequently, it is crucial to compensate these residual gradients for maintaining high sensitivity and accuracy in SERF magnetometers. This study developed an optimized technique that leveraged both gradient and homogeneous coils to rapidly mitigate position‐dependent gradients. By applying adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimization, the quadratic loss function is efficiently solved and the optimal current is determined. This experiment demonstrated over 90% suppression of the residual fields and a significant reduction in the inter‐channel deviations by an order of magnitude. In a simulated large gradient field environment, the sensitivities of multi‐channel magnetometers improved from 100 to 15 after compensation. The proposed method showcased substantial enhancements in residual homogeneity and sensor sensitivity, underscoring its efficiency. Compared with nested coil approaches, the coordinated use of gradient and homogeneous coils, along with Adam optimization, offered a robust, efficient, and rapid solution for gradient compensation. The proposed method effectively mitigated the adverse effects of residual fields and enhanced the performance of multi‐channel SERF magnetometers. Importantly, this approach represents a more practical solution for gradient field compensation within a single cell, particularly for future commercial applications of array SERF magnetometers.