bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic field quality conversion factors experimentally measured in clinical MR‐linac beams for seven MR‐compatible ionization chamber models
Authors: Orlando Nathan , Crosby Jennie , Glide‐Hurst Carri , Culberson Wesley , Sarfehnia Arman 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this work was to experimentally quantify MR‐compatible ionization chamber response for 1.5T Elekta Unity and 0.35T ViewRay MRIdian MR‐linac systems through the determination of the magnetic field quality conversion factor, kB,Q.MethodsSeven MR‐compatible ionization chamber models from Standard Imaging and PTW were evaluated. Both the quality conversion factor kQ and the magnetic field quality conversion factor kB,Q were experimentally determined through a cross‐calibration method. Specifically, the ratio of absorbed dose measured with a reference A1SL chamber under reference conditions to corrected output measured with each test chamber at the same point of measurement allowed for the determination of kB,Q. The angular dependence of the magnetic field quality conversion factor for MR‐compatible chamber models was assessed for the 1.5T Elekta Unity system by measuring kB,Q with the chamber axis and magnetic field direction aligned at cardinal angles (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°).ResultsBeam quality conversion (kQ) factors for MR‐compatible ionization chambers measured in a standard linac beam showed an average percent difference of −0.09 ± 0.18% compared to computed kQ values for their conventional chamber versions. Similarly, magnetic field quality conversion (kB,Q) factors for corresponding MR and non‐MR ionization chamber models measured using the same cross‐calibration technique demonstrated average percent differences of −0.1 ± 0.3% and 0.0 ± 0.2% for the Elekta Unity and ViewRay MRIdian, respectively. Investigation of the angular dependence of this correction factor demonstrated identical chamber response for equivalent MR‐compatible and conventional chamber models.ConclusionsThis work provides critical experimental validation of MR‐compatible ionization chamber performance, with a direct comparison of measured kB,Q values to corresponding conventional chamber models demonstrating nearly equivalent chamber response. kB,Q values determined using our experimental method will serve as an important reference for upcoming MR‐linac reference dosimetry protocols and ultimately represent an important step towards accurate output calibration of MR‐linac systems.
Event‐Triggered Distributed Resilient State Estimator for Nonlinear Cyber‐Physical Systems Under Hybrid Cyberattacks
Authors: Wu Zhenwei , Zhang Langwen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the problem of event‐triggered distributed resilient state estimator (ET‐DRSE) for nonlinear cyber‐physical systems (NCPSs) under hybrid cyberattacks. A stochastic model for hybrid cyberattacks is constructed by considering both false data injection (FDI) and Denial‐of‐Service (DoS) attacks. By proposing an event‐triggered mechanism, the network burden is reduced by decreasing the transmission rate of measurement information. To improve the flexibility, a detector‐based distributed resilient state estimator framework is derived. Coupled Riccati‐like difference equations (CRDEs) are proposed to obtain an upper bound (UB) of the estimation error covariance (EEC) of every subsystem. An estimation gain is designed to minimize the UB upon the error covariance of the resilient estimator by recursively solving the CRDEs. It is proved that the estimation error is probabilistically bounded through the application of random analytic theory. Finally, the performance of the proposed ET‐DRSE is verified through a numerical example and a chemical process example.
Charge Transfer‐Driven Conversion of Molecular Oxygen to Doublet State on Vanadium Diselenide (VSe2) Surface at Room Temperature
Authors: Boukhvalov Danil W. , Stefan Mariana , Joita Alexandra C. , Kuo Chia‐Nung , Shan Lue Chin , Politano Antonio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOxygen in the excited state is essential for organic synthesis and medical treatment. Herein, a novel phenomenon is reported in which the magnetic ground state of molecular oxygen undergoes a transition at room temperature from S = 1 to S = 1/2, corresponding to the transition of O2 from a triplet to a doublet state after stable physical adsorption on the defect‐free surface of bulk VSe2. This density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate the stable physical adsorption of O2 on both 1T‐ and 2H‐VSe2 surfaces without further decomposition. Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements confirm the spin state transition. Theoretical simulations reveal the charge transfer from entangled V‐3d and Se‐4p bands to oxygen as the leading cause of the spin state transition. This mechanism has not been previously proposed and offers multiple potential applications, from organic synthesis to medicine. Moreover, this approach can be extended to reveal new aspects of known catalytic materials and to design novel catalysts.
La2Hf2O7 Based TBC Materials with Near‐Infrared Ultra‐Low Transmittance for Thermal Radiation Shielding
Authors: Zhao Qingyuan , Wang Shuqi , Chen Guoliang , Sun Yifan , Zou Yongchun , Xie Enyu , Peng Zijian , Yao Junteng , Jiahu Ouyang , Wang Yaming , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs the thrust‐weight ratios of aero‐engines increase, the severe thermal radiation emitted by high‐temperature gases (≥1800 K) poses a significant challenge for thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials. Traditional TBC materials, despite their reliable thermal insulation properties, are nearly transparent to infrared radiation, which leads to direct radiative heating of the metallic substrate, consequently reducing its service life. In response, a La2Hf2O7‐based ceramic doped with a NiFe2O4 second phase is developed to prevent the penetration of thermal radiation and achieve exceptional thermal radiation shielding properties. The experimental results exhibit that 85%La2Hf2O7/15%NiFe2O4 possesses high absorptivity exceeding 0.85 across a broad wavelength range (0.2‐14 µm), and ultra‐low transmittance of 0.001 in the range of 0.4‐2.5 µm. It attributes to the presence of multi‐valent transition elements (Ni+/Ni2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+) in NiFe2O4, which significantly reduce the band gap width, enhancing photon absorption, scattering, and electron transition probability following infrared radiation absorption. These multifaceted contributions minimize radiative thermal conductivity to 1.55 W m−1 K−1, effectively shielding the radiative heat transfer. These advantages make this high‐temperature thermal shielding strategy highly competitive for the next generation of TBC materials development and application.
Insight into the Key Factors that Influence the Reaction Pathways in the Silyl‐Prins Cyclization of gem‐Vinylsilyl Alcohols
Authors: González‐Andrés Paula , Díez‐Poza Carlos , Peña Laura F. , Gónzalez‐Pinardo Daniel , Fernández Israel , Barbero Asunción 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work provides an in‐depth analysis of the factors governing the different reaction pathways in the acid‐catalyzed cyclization of gem‐vinylsilyl alcohols with aldehydes. The study evaluates the impact of both the ligands attached to silicon and the choice of the Lewis acid on the reaction outcome. Additionally, computational studies offer valuable insights into the mechanism that control these distinct pathways. The process enables the chemo‐ and stereocontrolled formation of a variety of structural frameworks, offering significant potential for the generation of a broad range of molecular architectures.
Inkjet Printed Multifunctional Graphene Sensors for Flexible and Wearable Electronics
Authors: Wang Feiran , Heaton Charles E. D. , Cottam Nathan D. , Austin Jonathan S. , Im Jisun , Fromhold T. Mark , Wildman Ricky D. , Hague Richard J. M. , Tuck Christopher J. , Makarovsky Oleg , Turyanska Lyudmila 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe exceptional electrical properties of graphene with high sensitivity to external stimuli make it an ideal candidate for advanced sensing technologies. Inkjet printing of graphene (iGr) can provide a versatile platform for multifunctional sensor manufacturing. Here the multifunctional sensor enabled by combining the design freedom of inkjet printing with the unique properties of graphene networks is reported on. A fully inkjet printed multimaterial device consists of two layers of iGr stripes separated by a dielectric polymeric layer of tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA). In these devices, the bottom iGr layer, capped with TPGDA, provides temperature sensing, the top uncapped iGr is sensitive to the external atmosphere, while the capacitance between the two iGr layers is sensitive to the applied pressure. The fast, sensitive, and reproducible performance of these sensors are demonstrated in response to environmental stimuli, such as pressure, temperature, humidity, and magnetic field. The devices are capable of simultaneous sensing of multiple factors and are successfully manufactured on a variety of substrates, including Si/SiO2, flexible Kapton films and textiles, demonstrating their potential impact in applications compatible with silicon technologies as well as wearable and healthcare devices.
Enhancing H2 production from plasma‐assisted methanol steam reforming by catalyst engineering in a MXene membrane reactor
Authors: Chen Shaowei , Lu Zong , Niu Jiangqi , Shao Yan , Chen Yi , Ni Yaru , Liu Xiaoying , Wei Xiaoyang , Ou Xiaoxia , Fan Xiaolei , Wei Yanying , Chen Huanhao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrified methanol steam reforming (MSR) assisted by nonthermal plasma (NTP) is a pivotal enabler for clean hydrogen production at ambient conditions with several advantages. This study optimizes the NTP‐assisted MSR by catalyst engineering, as well as membrane technology (via a 2D MXene nanosheet membrane reactor). Our findings reveal that active‐phase engineering in catalyst design is crucial in regulating MSR pathways under NTP conditions with the bimetallic Ni–Cu alloys enhancing the H2 production via surface water–gas shift reaction (WGSR). Additionally, integrating a MXene membrane within a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) NTP reactor enabled the reactive‐separation process, improving methanol conversion, H2 formation rate with higher purity, as well as showing a good stability.
Within‐leaf variation in embolism resistance is not a rule for compound‐leaved angiosperms
Authors: Rimer Ian M. , McAdam Scott A. M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPremiseHydraulic segmentation, caused by the difference in embolism resistance across plant organs, provides a sacrificial layer of cheaper plant organs, like leaves, to protect more costly organs, such as stems, during drought. Within‐leaf hydraulic segmentation has been observed in two compound‐leaved tree species, with leaflets being more vulnerable than the rachis or petiole. Many herbaceous species have compound leaves, and some species have leaflets that are associated with pulvini at the base of the lamina, which could provide an anatomical means of preventing embolism from spreading within a leaf because of the higher number of vessel endings in the pulvinus.MethodsWe used the optical vulnerability method to investigate whether differences in embolism resistance were observed across the leaf tissues of six herbaceous species and one deciduous tree species with compound leaves. Our species selection included both palmately and pinnately‐compound leaved species, one of each with a pulvinus at the base of the leaflets.ResultsWe found considerable variation in embolism resistance across the species measured, but no evidence of variation in embolism resistance within the leaf. In two species with pulvini, we observed major embolism events crossing the pulvinus, spreading from the rachis or petiole into the lamina, and embolizing both tissues at the same water potential.ConclusionsWe conclude that within‐leaf hydraulic segmentation, caused by variation in embolism resistance, is not a universal phenomenon to compound‐leaved species and that the presence of a pulvinus does not provide a barrier to embolism spread in compound leaves.
qPCR‐based quantification reveals high plant host‐specificity of endophytic colonization levels in leaves
Authors: de Paula Caio César Pires , Bárta Jiří , Borovec Jakub , Frouz Jan , Rychtecký Pavel , Sirová Dagmara 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPremiseDespite the high functional importance of endophytes, we still have limited understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors that influence colonization of plant hosts along major ecological gradients and lack quantitative estimates of their colonization extent. In this study, we hypothesized that the developmental stage of the ecosystem will affect the levels of bacterial and fungal endophytic assemblages in the foliar endosphere.MethodsWe quantified levels of bacterial and fungal endophytes in leaves of four plant hosts at four stages of vegetation succession using an optimized qPCR protocol with bacteria‐specific 16S and fungi‐targeting primers.Results(1) The ecosystem developmental stage did not have a significant effect on the colonization levels of bacterial or fungal endophytes. (2) Colonization levels by bacterial and fungal endophytes were governed by different mechanisms. (3) Endophytic colonization levels and their relationship to foliar tissue stoichiometry were highly host specific.ConclusionsQuantifying colonization levels is important in the study of endophytic ecology, and the fast, relatively low‐cost qPCR‐based method can supply useful ecological information, which can significantly enhance the interpretation potential of descriptive data generated, for example, by next‐generation sequencing.
Regulating Crystalline Phase/Plane of Polymer Electrolyte for Rapid Lithium Ion Transfer
Authors: Wang Su , Li Chen , Ma Yue , Zhang Hongzhou , Shi Xixi , Zhang Lianqi , Song Dawei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectronic‐rich functional groups and flexible segments have long been perceived to be the decisive factors influencing lithium‐ion transfer in polymer electrolytes, while crystallinity is regarded as the great scourge. Actually, the research on the influence of crystalline phase and crystalline plane is still in scarcity. Herein, taking poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP) as an example, new (111/201) crystal planes (belonged to β‐phase) are regulated by dissolving process and clarified by Synchrotron radiation X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray diffraction. Density functional theory calculation indicates that the newly exposed (111/201) crystal planes provide higher binding energy with lithium ions and are conducive to provide more ion transport channels. 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance of new crystalline planes contained PVDF‐HFP based electrolyte shows lower field and sharper peak intensity, further proves the rapid lithium ion transfer. Therefore, a high ionic conductivity of 6.42×10−4 S cm−1 and a large lithium‐ion transfer number of 0.7 are achieved. This study offers a new insight into the influence of crystalline phase and crystalline plane on the transfer of lithium ion for polymer electrolytes.
Fabrication and Characterization of Amphotericin B Loaded Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Chitosan‐ZnO Biocomposite Films for Antimicrobial Wound Dressings
Authors: Tosyali Ozlem Ayse , Sahin Furkan , Cetin Yuksel , Karal‐Yilmaz Oksan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDeveloping efficient hydrogel‐based wound dressings has gained increasing attention in improved wound healing capabilities. In this study, the biocomposite hydrogel films consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared using the solvent casting method. The biocomposite hydrogel films were also loaded (5% w/w) with Amphotericin B (AmB) as a model drug to develop a new suitable material with potential application as high‐performance wound dressing with controlled drug release. The chemical nature, thermal properties, and morphology of the PVA/CS and PVA/CS‐ZnO biocomposite hydrogels were analyzed and compared by FTIR, TGA, and SEM–EDX analysis. The effect of ZnO NPs on swelling behavior in the PVA/CS films was studied. PVA/CS‐ZnO biocomposite hydrogels presented a lesser degree of swelling compared to ZnO‐free hydrogels. The AmB‐loaded hydrogel films exhibited a sustained release rate during 72 h in PBS at pH 7.4. Biocompatibility of all hydrogel types (with or without ZnO and AmB) using L929 and HaCaT cell lines was evaluated with high cell viability examined by MTT assay. The antimicrobial activity of the films was evaluated against
Escherichia coli
,
Staphylococcus aureus
, and
Candida albicans
using a modified AATCC 100 method, whereby the R value represents the log reduction in the number of surviving colonies. The mean R values for drug‐free PVA/CS‐ZnO hydrogel films were 6.81 for
E. coli
, 6.03 for
S. aureus
, and 6.82 for
C. albicans
. The addition of AmB further enhanced the antimicrobial activity, increasing the R values for
E. coli
to 7.16, for
S. aureus
to 6.38, and for
C. albicans
to 7.31, demonstrating a significant synergistic effect with maximum antimicrobial efficacy. The results showed that the AmB‐loaded biocomposite hydrogel films (PVA/CS‐ZnO‐AmB) can be used as a new wound dressing material.
Preparation and Characterization of an Environmentally Friendly Dust Suppressant for Crust in a Nondisturbance Area of an Open Limestone Mine
Authors: Sun Qi , Sun Weize 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTo solve problems caused by dust pollution in open limestone mines, environmental dust suppressants were prepared with natural polymer extracts as raw materials. The proportion range of guar gum (GG), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the single components of the composite dust suppressant (CDS) was determined by a single‐factor test. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the mix design, and the weather resistance, compressive strength, and cost of CDS were tested and compared with many commercial dust suppressants. Microscopic tests were used to analyze the structural properties and functional group changes in CDS. The results showed that the optimal concentration of the CDS agent was 0.192% GG, 0.3% CMC, and 0.351% SDS. Under the optimal ratio, the viscosity of CDS was 119.56 mPa∙s, the pH was 7.62, the surface tension was 30.3 mN/m, and the price was 83.3 RMB/t. The dust hardness after 7 days of spraying CDS was 87 HA. CDS exhibits good resistance to rain erosion, pressure resistance, freeze–thaw resistance, and wind erosion. CDS formed a cross‐linked structure by linking the amide and carboxyl groups, which can significantly reduce porosity, and form a compact and flat solidified layer, which has good dust suppression performance.
Action execution and observation in autistic adults: A systematic review of fMRI studies
Authors: Stillesjö Sara , Hjärtström Hanna , Johansson Anna‐Maria , Rudolfsson Thomas , Säfström Daniel , Domellöf Erik 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMotor impairments are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) although less is known about the neural mechanisms related to such difficulties. This review provides an outline of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings associated with execution and observation of naturalistic actions in autistic adults. Summarized outcomes revealed that adults with ASD recruit similar brain regions as neurotypical adults during action execution and during action observation, although with a difference in direction and/or magnitude. For action execution, this included higher and lower activity bilaterally in the precentral cortex, the parietal cortex, the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), the occipital cortex, and the cerebellum. For action observation, differences mainly concerned both higher and lower activity in bilateral IFG and right precentral gyrus, and lower activity in MTG. Activity overlaps between action execution and observation highlight atypical recruitment of IFG, MTG, precentral, and parieto‐occipital regions in ASD. The results show atypical recruitment of brain regions subserving motor planning and/or predictive control in ASD. Atypical brain activations during action observation, and the pattern of activity overlaps, indicate an association with difficulties in understanding others' actions and intentions.
Surface Decoration of Cellulose With Trifluoromethylphenyl Substituted Thiourea: A Robust Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalyst in Conjunction With L‐Proline for the Asymmetric Direct Mannich Reaction
Authors: Poslu Ayşe Haliç , Koz Gamze 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCellulose is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature. Despite being the subject of research in various fields, it is not as famous as chitosan in catalyst design. Herein, a novel thiourea‐functionalized cellulose (CTU‐6) was synthesized as a robust hydrogen bonding catalyst with the degree of substitution (DS) of 0.84. CTU‐6 was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), x‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR), solid‐state cross‐polarization magic angle spinning carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS 13C‐NMR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and elementel analysis. CTU‐6 catalyzed the direct asymmetric Mannich reaction between acetone, aniline, and various aromatic aldehydes in cooperation with L‐proline. The reaction exhibited excellent enantioselectivity, achieving up to 98% enantiomeric excess (ee) at room temperature. Incorporating trifluoromethylphenyl‐substituted thiourea into the cellulose framework leverages its ability to form hydrogen bonds, thereby enabling precise control over the asymmetric induction. This study highlights the potential of cellulose‐based catalysts in advancing asymmetric synthesis and their versatility in various organic reactions in cooperation with small chiral ligands. This synergy not only facilitates the efficient catalytic process but also improves the stereochemical outcomes of the reactions. This method underscores the importance of utilizing renewable and versatile cellulose materials in combination with chiral auxiliaries to achieve high levels of enantioselectivity.
Exploring student acceptance of learning technologies in anatomy education: A mixed‐method approach
Authors: Lee Jason Wen Yau , Ong Dennis Wenhui , Soh Reuben Chee Chong , Rao Jai Prashant , Bello Fernando 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnatomical education is transitioning from the time‐honored cadaveric dissection to a blend of learner‐centered and technology‐enhanced learning approaches. In view of the increased use of various technologies for teaching and learning human anatomy, the aim of this study is to explore students' acceptance of four learning technologies using the technology acceptance model (TAM). This work was conducted at a graduate medical school in Singapore with first‐year MD Program students. The acceptances of the four learning technologies were compared in two studies. In Study 1 (n = 46), we compared a 3D‐printed (3DP) model with Primal Pictures to answer a clinical question in a Spine Anatomy Tutorial; in Study 2 (n = 55), we compared the Anatomage Table and Primal VR for a Brain Anatomy tutorial. There was a statistically significant preference (p < 0.05) for 3DP models over Primal Pictures for learning Spine Anatomy, and for Primal VR over Anatomage for learning Brain Anatomy. The perceived ease of use of any technology does not appear to influence the behavioral intention to use it. Qualitative feedback suggests that visualization and spatial relationships were among the most important facilitators of learning. Technology should be an enabler in learning but some technologies have a steeper learning curve than others. Therefore, to increase its perceived usefulness, educators must leverage the affordances of the technology when designing learning activities.