bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of thickness variation on the tailored bistability of unsymmetric composite laminates
Authors: Anilkumar P M , Phanendra Kumar A , Haldar A , Rao B N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Unsymmetric composite laminates exhibit two stable configurations at room temperature after being cured at elevated temperature. Bistability of cross-ply laminates is due to the presence of residual strains imparted during the curing process. A simple snap-through process can be used to switch from one stable shape to another. The amount of snap-through force required for attaining the other stable shape depends on the total strain energy of the laminate in the first cured shape. Bistable shapes of the conventional square laminates are in the same energy level, which means the stable configurations are equally stable and results in equal snap-through and snap-back forces. By tailoring the energy levels of stable shapes, snap-through and snap-back forces can be varied. From various studies in the past, it is observed that bistable laminates have enormous potential for morphing applications. In some of the practical applications, one may require stable shapes at different energy levels, with unequal snap-through and snap-back energies for the shape transition. This study aims to tailor the energy levels of bistable shapes of the square laminate by varying the thickness of individual layers in the considered [0/90] square laminates. A detailed parametric study is performed in commercially available finite element software. It is concluded from the study that individual lamina thickness has a noticeable influence on the bistability of cross-ply laminates.
CFD Investigation of Impact of Vessel configuration and Different Impeller Types in Stirred Tank
Authors: Pathak Mohit , Tamphasna Devi Thiyam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study is carried out to simulate the flow characteristics of different impeller types in stirred tanks of baffled and un-baffled system. The hydrodynamic behavior induced by a Rushton turbine (RT6) and Curve Blade impeller (CD-6) is numerically analysed by solving the Navier-Stokes equations coupling with k-ε turbulence model with Multi-reference frame (MRF) impeller model. The predicted results were validated with available experimental published data and show a satisfactory agreement. The power characteristics for the two agitator systems (baffled and un-baffled) were obtained for the turbulent system of the fluid flow. In these conditions, it is found that the power number depended strongly on the length of the baffle when baffled is provided. Therefore, the presence of the baffles in the tank greatly improved the mixing performance of the system but consumes higher power than the un-baffled system. Similarly, mixing improves when Rushton impeller is employed but consumes higher power than the Curve Blade impeller. Hence, it was observed that overall efficiency of the system is better when baffled system of Curve Blade impeller is opted in any mixing operation.
Geometric optimization of planar membrane reflector used in gossamer space structure
Authors: Shinde S. D. , Soni M. , Upadhyay S. H. , Sakhare S. , Singh K. S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent trends membrane reflector has increased its applications in space missions due its significant advantage such as light in weight, higher folding and packaging efficiency, ease of deployment, low on-Board volume requirement. Geometry of the membrane reflector has significant influence on its the stress distribution and area of deformation, subsequently determining the stiffness and geometrical parameters of its supporting structures. The present study uses a Taguchi optimization method of orthogonal array for investigating the membrane geometry parameter and its effect on membrane reflector.
Effect of Impactor velocity and boundary condition on low velocity impact finite element modelling of CFRP composite laminates
Authors: Kaware K. R. , Kotambkar M. S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The demand for Composite structures is increasing in different engineering fields such as automobile, aircraft, civil because of its higher specific mechanical properties. It’s very important to consider failure modes like fiber breakage, delamination, matrix cracking, etc. when it is impacted by a foreign object such as dropping of tool (impact type events). Susceptibility of damage due to low velocity impact is more in the laminated composite structures than metal. It is important to study the response of composite for varying velocities with different boundary conditions in case of low velocity impact analysis. Thus, this paper presents the combined effect of different boundary conditions with varying velocities of impactor on low velocity impact modelling of CFRP composite laminates. Numerical analysis is performed on T700GC/M21 material with layup [02/452/902/-452]s to study the force-time/displacement curve. Numerical analysis is performed using ABAQUS 6.14. First, Numerical analysis is carried out for impactor velocities varying from 2.5 m/s to 10 m/s. In ABAQUS/Explicit, two boundary conditions i.e. simply supported edges boundary condition SSSS and Clamped supported edges, CCCC are used to study the force-time/displacement curve. Out of that numerical results of impactor velocity 5 m/s with boundary condition SSSS is validated with results of literature by studying force-time/displacement curves. The numerical findings revealed that; as impactor velocity increases, the force and displacement also increases. Also, current simulation results are closely matching with the existing numerical and experimental data.
Health Monitoring of Induced Draft Fan in an Aluminium Smelter
Authors: Das S S , Mohanty J K , Panda D , Sarkar Pratima , Pradhan P K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Maintenance is highly essential as to support the machine availability, product quality and plant safety. The timely repair at minimum coast is the basic criteria for good maintenance. Appropriate maintenance can sustain continuous and reliable operation with reduction in down time, high productivity, number of secondary failures, low inventory level and accident of the plant. In spite of high initial investment, most of the industries adopt condition based maintenance (CBM) to avoid sudden disruption in production. CBM is an important tool which includes observing, monitoring, diagnosis and prognosis for running a plant seamlessly, as this maintenance planning and actions have become an integral part of engineering investigation. In this paper, condition monitoring of Induced Draft (ID) fan in an Aluminium smelter has been done while it was in operation. The vibration of ID fan was measured and analyzed to detect the defect of its impeller and corrected subsequently.
Design, analysis and optimization of 12 cylinder v-type diesel engine components
Authors: Aman Kumar , Chandanpat Ankit , Kiran Pawar , Angadi Shivashankar , Totla Nilesh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The designing, material selection and stress analysis are important processes in mechanical engineering design. The below brief study deals with the afore-mentioned processes conducted on the piston, connecting rod and crankshaft of a 12 cylinder V-type engine used for wood cutting application. The objective of this study was to optimize the weight of the given parts and increase their capacities to withstand different loads by means of iterative design changes as well as material selection for the three components. Pre-existing engine data and empirical relationships were used to generate a mathematical model for the design procedure and Ashby standards were followed for material selection for the above-mentioned parts. The Computer Aided Design (CAD) modelling and analysis of these parts was conducted in the Solidworks software.
Linear and non-linear optical properties of reactive magnetron DC sputtered ZnTe thin films for opto-electronic devices
Authors: Hymavathi B , Kumar B Rajesh , Rao T Subba 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Zinc Telluride thin films were prepared by reactive magnetron direct current sputtering method and the temperature of the glass substrates changed from 150 to 350 °C. The band gap of ZnTe films increased from 2.32 to 2.42eV. The normal dispersion of refractive index (n) for ZnTe films is described using the model of Wemple-Di Domenico (WDD) single-oscillator. The oscillator energy, dispersive energy and static refractive index (no) of ZnTe films were reported. The Verdet coefficient (V) is estimated from the normal dispersion studies. The first-order (Ist) and third-order (IIIrd) non-linear optical susceptibilities (χ(1), χ(3)), refractive index (n2) of ZnTe films were calculated.
Prediction of Lateral-Vibration Responses of A Full Size Cantilever Beam by Using Those of Its Scale Models
Authors: Kumar S. Naresh , Sairam S. , Jena Shakti P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The main objective of this article is to study and calculate lateral vibration responses of the cantilever beam by using a scale model and the associated scaling laws. Lateral vibration responses of a cantilever beam are analyzed theoretically and to validate results using a method of finite element to calibrate vibration response of a similar beam. We get the results and then we had compared both scale model and full-size cantilever beam model. Initially derive the solution of free response and steady-state response for the full and scaled model. Later, the scaling-laws for all the applicable parameters concerning the cantilever beam in the size of full and its scale beam of free vibration are get from the Euler’s equation of motion of the last two systems. Next, by dimensional analysis find the scaling factors for applicable dimensions and properties of required two systems. And in Finite element method introduce property matrices and equations of motion of cantilever beam system and also systematic procedure to get element property matrices of the beam is shown. In the end it is solved by Method of Eigen value problem with the help of Mat lab software. Lastly the impact of specimen dimensions on the similarity basis, natural frequencies of cantilever beam specimen is investigated.
Experimental Investigations of Canola Oil Lubrication with Nano-Crystalline MoS2 Additives in CNC End Milling of Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Mandru Suresh Kumar , Raju P. Ramamurthy , Ratnam CH. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Since the past few decades, manufacturing operations including the milling of metals use various types of coolants and lubricants. These are composed of chemicals and other pollutant factors, which are very dangerous and hazardous to the nature and human. And also the increasing demands of high productivity for the machining requirements leaves no choice but to use high cutting velocity along with higher feed rates. These renewed machining conditions leads to the generation of high cutting temperatures, which reduces tool life with poor product quality. Hence there is a need to find the alternative coolants and lubricants, which reduces the above factors in addition to machining cost. In general lubrication is attributed for the solving of heat generation related issues at the cutting zone. Due to some inherent properties like cooling, lubrication and functions like flushing of chips, the cutting fluids leads to better performances during milling operations. As the conventional way of using fluids are less efficient during high production machining, it is observed that nano fluids have better properties in terms of transfer of heat from the cutting zone. Economic aspects are considered during the use of nano fluids by applying the phenomenon of Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). The work is an attempt in the direction of using nano fluids as alternative lubricants in milling operations by the study of tool temperature and quality of surface finish.
Effect of Geocell on the behaviour of Soil
Authors: Lal Dharmesh , Prasanna K. Laxmi , Rao K. Rohith , Kamalekkar Prithhe , Bajrang J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As the use of plastic has rapidly increased in past few years, attempts are made to use it as reinforcement material to escalate the soil properties. For the present study, plastic bottles are cut and made into geocell to use it as the reinforcement to the soil. Use of plastic as reinforcement has great advantages, as it is low cost and easily available. Results of plate load tests on soil and plastic bottle reinforced soil are presented and compared. Finally, it is observed that plastic bottle reinforced soil provides improved performance when compared to that of unreinforced one. An improvement of 1.86 times the plain sand is attained when plastic bottle reinforcement was used.
A Study on Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate and It’s Concrete
Authors: Harish B A , Ramana N Venkata , Gnaneswar K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents recycled coarse aggregate and its concrete properties. Recycled coarse aggregate exhibits lower values for loose and dry-rodded unit weight and high water absorption values than the natural coarse aggregate. Natural aggregate concrete exhibits higher mechanical strength than recycled coarse aggregate concrete. Results pronounced that the percentage increment of recycled aggregate content is inversely proportional to the strength and concluded that optimum dose of recycled aggregate is 50% and proposed a model to estimate compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths of recycled coarse aggregate concrete. The maximum replacement of RCA in concrete is 50%, and the proposed models show excellent compatibility with experimental results.
CFD Simulation and Analytical Validation of Rectangular and Square microchannel heat sink with liquid water as cooling medium
Authors: Pawar Saurabh Narayan , Totla Nilesh Balkishanji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In present work, both analytical and CFD investigation was performed to check the microchannel heat sink cooling performance, made up of copper with two different microchannel cross sections with shape of rectangle and square. CFD analysis is conducted with water as working fluid for both of the cross sections and Reynolds number ranging from 600 to 1000. A copper microchannel heat sink with bottom size of 25.4mm×25.4mm and height of 2.384mm is selected and CFD analysis was carried out and at bottom constant heat flux boundary condition is assumed. For comparison between two cross sections, the hydraulic diameter used is same for both. Rectangular cross section microchannel showed better cooling performance as compared to square cross section microchannel. Both analytical and CFD simulation results of pressure drop in rectangular microchannel heat sink are in good agreement with a difference of 18.9%.
Acoustic emission examination of high strength steel M250 pressure vessels for aerospace applications
Authors: Wuriti Gowri Shankar , Chattopadhyaya Somnath , Tessy Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper deals at experiences with the Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring of critical pressure vessels during qualification proof pressure test. Conventional Non Destructive Evaluation (NDE) methods have limitations in evaluating the vessel. There is a high probability that they may not provide information required to evaluate the quality of vessel. In contrary, Acoustic emission technique has a high probability of detecting the likely defects in pressure vessels prior to the failure. This technique has to be applied under pressure load. These pressure loads create stresses in the vessel. During increasing pressure loads AE signals are obtained from discontinuities and other locations of stress concentrations. AE is very useful in estimating the soundness of critical pressure vessels used by aerospace industry that is made up of high strength Maraging steels. AE Testing and result analysis was carried out according to standard procedures. During the tests, AE signals were recorded and post analysis was done to understand the response from the material. The experimentation revealed that the amplitude of AE signals were less than the corresponding AE signals for critical crack opening, during pressurization cycle. Also, at proof pressure, a 2 minutes hold time was observed with no increase in amplitude of signals. AE activity can detect any defect growth during proof pressure test. Inspection was carried-out in accordance with a set of acceptance criteria based on available literature and specimen level tests.
Effect of cathode end plate on passive direct methanol fuel cell performance
Authors: Deepak K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) belongs to the class of fuel cells that use polymer electrolyte membrane and operate on methanol-water mixture. The low overall performance of passive DMFC compared to active DMFC is due to the slow anode reaction combined with inefficient cathode reaction. In this work, an attempt was made to augment the passive DMFC performance by modifying the structural design of the cathode end plate (CEP). The passive DMFC was fabricated and the performance was investigated experimentally. Three different CEP duct configurations were studied using 1 to 5 M methanol mass fraction. The results indicated higher performance for square duct CEP configuration, with 5 M methanol mixture.
Mechanical Characterization and Machining of MgAZ91D/SiC/Al2O3MMC by Squeeze Cast Method
Authors: Prudhvi Raj K , Seshappa A , Anjaneya Prasad B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the automotive industry, the high surface finish and superior mechanical property materials are prepared with the help of the squeeze casting process. The paper investigates on the chosen materials of MMC cast using magnesium alloy (Mg-AZ91D) reinforced with various %wt of silicon carbide (SiC) also aluminum oxide (Al2O3) of nano particulates (20 nm). The preferred squeeze casting technique produces magnesium matrix composites along with silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particulates direct to an absolute drenched of inside the liquefy magnesium of hybrid metal matrix composite. Using CNC lathe and orthogonal array (L9), Magnesium metal matrix composites (Mg-AZ91D) are machined. To determine Metal Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface roughness (Ra) with various input parameters having the CNC lathe. Magnesium metal matrix composites (Mg-MMC) also, comparing the results with the unreinforced magnesium alloy with reinforcement of silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) of nano particulates, Mechanical properties of the Magnesium metal matrix composite (Mg-MMC) and optimal machining parameters are evaluated.
Dynamic Behavior of Ropeway String
Authors: Jena Shakti P , Ibrahim Mohd , Subbaratnam B. , Naresh Kumar S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper a new approach for dynamic behavior of a string is aimed to study lateral vibrations induced in an elastic ropeway string. We are going to deal with the dynamic behavior of a string. In hilly areas we have problem for traveling from one place to another place. There we are using a rope drive system using a string as a rope. A ropeway is a type of maritime lifting gadget used to move light stores and hardware across waterways. Here, multiple ropeways are designed by using solid works and then analyzing with static, transient and dynamic boundary conditions. To suggest optimum materials for optimum ropeway string, 4 materials were chosen (SAE 1020, SAE1137, Al-l7075, Al- 7475) to analyze and study the dynamic behavior of ropeway string by knowing each material results, comparing with each other material results and then showing suitable tables and graphs, finally concluding thesis with optimum material with optimum ropeway string to improve the performance and their durability.
Metastability in performance measurements of perovskite PV devices: a systematic approach
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Authors: Bardizza Giorgio , Müllejans Harald , Pavanello Diego , Dunlop Ewan D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Performance measurements of photovoltaic devices, including metastable ones, should reflect as closely as possible the behaviour of these devices when deployed in the field, i.e. at constant illumination and fixed conditions. We review the wide-ranging behaviour observed in and previously proposed measurement solutions for perovskite solar cells (PSC) devices and further illustrate the variability during measurement with recent examples from our own experience. We propose a generic measurement protocol for PSC devices to ensure that electrical characterisation under simulated sunlight reflects real life conditions. The approach focusses on determining the steady-state maximum-power output under continuous illumination rather than relying on the I–V characteristics. Given the large variations in device behaviour, this protocol is particularly suitable in cases where a priori information about the devices under test is not available. We conclude that the approach to the electrical characterisation of PSC devices should shift from traditional I–V curves to the maximum-power output under steady-state conditions. The latter is the simplest and most reliable method to evaluate, assess and compare PSC technologies when power and efficiency reporting are required. This protocol also contributes to harmonising comparison between different calibration laboratories thus contributing to increased confidence in the results.
Weight gain associated with insulin detemir vs insulin glargine in clinical practice: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Wadsworth Thomas G , Carr Glenda G , Madaras-Kelly Karl , Remington Richard , Bell Justin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
In comparative randomized studies, use of insulin detemir has been consistently demonstrated to be associated with less weight gain than the industry standard, insulin glargine. However, the magnitude of the relative reduction in weight gain with use of insulin determir vs insulin glargine in regulatory studies (reported values ranged from 0.77 kg to 3.6 kg) may not be generalizable to patients in real-world practice conditions. A study was conducted to substantiate detemir’s purported weight-sparing advantage over insulin glargine in newly treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under the conditions found in a clinical practice setting.

Methods
A retrospective longitudinal cohort study design was applied in reviewing electronic medical records to identify insulin-naive, overweight patients with type 2 diabetes who received insulin detemir or insulin glargine therapy continued for up to 1 year. Patient weights at baseline and at each subsequent clinic visit after treatment initiation were identified. The primary outcome was the maximum weight increase from baseline after exposure to insulin detemir or glargine. The difference-in-differences (DiD) mean total body weight change was tested by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Results
One hundred nine patient records (56 of patients who received insulin glargine and 53 of patients who received insulin detemir) met study criteria and underwent full abstraction. The covariate-adjusted estimated mean change in body weight associated with use of insulin detemir vs insulin glargine was –1.5 kg (95% CI, –2.89 to –0.12 kg; P = 0.04).

Conclusion
The mean weight gain associated with detemir use was significantly less than the mean weight change observed with glargine use. The magnitude of weight change was consistent with that demonstrated in randomized controlled trials. These results further substantiate detemir’s purported comparative weight-sparing properties under conditions found in a real-world practice setting.