bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and classification of intracranial haemorrhage on CT images using a novel deep-learning algorithm
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Kim Jong Soo , Kim Tae Yoon , Kim Young Soo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel deep-learning algorithm for artificial neural networks (ANNs), completely different from the back-propagation method, was developed in a previous study. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using the algorithm for the detection of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and the classification of its subtypes, without employing the convolutional neural network (CNN). For the detection of ICH with the summation of all the computed tomography (CT) images for each case, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.859, and the sensitivity and the specificity were 78.0% and 80.0%, respectively. Regarding ICH localisation, CT images were divided into 10 subdivisions based on the intracranial height. With the subdivision of 41–50%, the best diagnostic performance for detecting ICH was obtained with AUC of 0.903, the sensitivity of 82.5%, and the specificity of 84.1%. For the classification of the ICH to subtypes, the accuracy rate for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) was considerably excellent at 91.7%. This study revealed that our approach can greatly reduce the ICH diagnosis time in an actual emergency situation with a fairly good diagnostic performance.
Characterizing the spatial distributions of spotted lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in Pennsylvania vineyards
Authors: Leach Ashley , Leach Heather 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpotted lanternfly (SLF) is an invasive insect in the Northeastern U.S. projected to spread nationally and globally. While SLF is a significant pest of vineyards, little is known about the pest in grape agroecosystems including its spatial ecology. SLF spatial patterns were analyzed using a combination of approaches including generalized linear mixed effect models, Moran’s I statistic for spatial clustering, and Empirical Bayesian Kriging. Analysis revealed that SLF displayed significantly clumped distributions in monitored vineyards. Approximately 54% and 44% of the respective adult and egg mass populations were observed within the first 15 m of the vineyard edge. Importantly, the spatial concentration of adults at the edge was consistent temporally, both between years and weeks. Moreover, high populations of SLF on vines were significantly correlated with reduced fruit production in the following year. Mark-release-recapture of SLF revealed that higher proportions of SLF were recaptured on vines with high pre-existing SLF populations, indicating that SLF may exhibit aggregation behavior along vineyard perimeters. Monitoring and management efforts for SLF should be prioritized around vineyard edges as it may significantly reduce infestations and subsequent damage.
An epigenome-wide association study of metabolic syndrome and its components
Authors: Nuotio Marja-Liisa , Pervjakova Natalia , Joensuu Anni , Karhunen Ville , Hiekkalinna Tero , Milani Lili , Kettunen Johannes , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Jousilahti Pekka , Metspalu Andres , Salomaa Veikko , Kristiansson Kati , Perola Markus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a preceding metabolic state for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease is widely recognised. To accumulate knowledge of the pathological mechanisms behind the condition at the methylation level, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of MetS and its components, testing 1187 individuals of European ancestry for approximately 470 000 methylation sites throughout the genome. Methylation site cg19693031 in gene TXNIP —previously associated with type 2 diabetes, glucose and lipid metabolism, associated with fasting glucose level (P = 1.80 × 10−8). Cg06500161 in gene ABCG1 associated both with serum triglycerides (P = 5.36 × 10−9) and waist circumference (P = 5.21 × 10−9). The previously identified type 2 diabetes–associated locus cg08309687 in chromosome 21 associated with waist circumference for the first time (P = 2.24 × 10−7). Furthermore, a novel HDL association with cg17901584 in chromosome 1 was identified (P = 7.81 × 10−8). Our study supports previous genetic studies of MetS, finding that lipid metabolism plays a key role in pathology of the syndrome. We provide evidence regarding a close interplay with glucose metabolism. Finally, we suggest that in attempts to identify methylation loci linking separate MetS components, cg19693031 appears to represent a strong candidate.
Artificial intelligence and thermodynamics help solving arson cases
Authors: Korver Sander , Schouten Eva , Moultos Othonas A. , Vergeer Peter , Grutters Michiel M. P. , Peschier Leo J. C. , Vlugt Thijs J. H. , Ramdin Mahinder 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn arson cases, evidence such as DNA or fingerprints is often destroyed. One of the most important evidence modalities left is relating fire accelerants to a suspect. When gasoline is used as accelerant, the aim is to find a strong indication that a gasoline sample from a fire scene is related to a sample of a suspect. Gasoline samples from a fire scene are weathered, which prohibits a straightforward comparison. We combine machine learning, thermodynamic modeling, and quantum mechanics to predict the composition of unweathered gasoline samples starting from weathered ones. Our approach predicts the initial (unweathered) composition of the sixty main components in a weathered gasoline sample, with error bars of ca. 4% when weathered up to 80% w/w. This shows that machine learning is a valuable tool for predicting the initial composition of a weathered gasoline, and thereby relating samples to suspects.
Relationship between plasma growth differentiation factor-15 levels and diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chung Jin Ook , Park Seon-Young , Cho Dong Hyeok , Chung Dong Jin , Chung Min Young 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between plasma growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) concentrations and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We evaluated 235 patients with type 2 DM in a cross-sectional study. Significantly increased levels of the plasma GDF-15 were found in individuals with diabetic retinopathy versus those without. According to the degree of diabetic retinopathy, there was a significant difference in the average plasma GDF-15 levels (no diabetic retinopathy, 1114 ng/L; nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1327 ng/L; proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1445 ng/L; p for trend = 0.035) after adjustments for confounders. Logistic regression analyses indicated that plasma GDF-15 concentrations were significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio per 1 standard deviation increment in the log-transformed value, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–3.03, p = 0.032). Our study showed a significant positive relationship between plasma GDF-15 concentrations and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM patients.
Genome-wide identification of Argonautes in Solanaceae with emphasis on potato
Authors: Liao Zhen , Hodén Kristian Persson , Singh Ravi Kumar , Dixelius Christina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRegulatory small RNAs (sRNAs) play important roles in many fundamental processes in plant biology such as development, fertilization and stress responses. The AGO protein family has here a central importance in gene regulation based on their capacity to associate with sRNAs followed by mRNA targeting in a sequence-complementary manner. The present study explored Argonautes (AGOs) in the Solanaceae family, with emphasis on potato, Solanum tuberosum (St). A genome-wide monitoring was performed to provide a deeper insight into gene families, genomic localization, gene structure and expression profile against the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Among 15 species in the Solanaceae family we found a variation from ten AGOs in Nicotiana obtusifolia to 17 in N. tabacum. Comprehensive analyses of AGO phylogeny revealed duplication of AGO1, AGO10 and AGO4 paralogs during early radiation of Solanaceae. Fourteen AGOs were identified in potato. Orthologs of AGO8 and AGO9 were missing in the potato genome. However, AGO15 earlier annotated in tomato was identified. StAGO15 differs from the other paralogs having residues of different physico-chemical properties at functionally important amino acid positions. Upon pathogen challenge StAGO15 was significantly activated and hence may play a prominent role in sRNA-based regulation of potato defense.
Investigation of intraocular pressure of the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity of porcine eyes via a novel method
Authors: Nagae Koji , Sawamura Hiromasa , Aihara Makoto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo evaluate a new method of measuring the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the vitreous cavity. IOPs in the anterior chamber and vitreous cavities of 24 porcine eyes (12 eyes with lenses and 12 eyes without lenses) were measured directly, continuously, and simultaneously. We used a needle as a part of the pressure sensor to measure the anterior chamber IOP and a disk-shaped sensor to measure the vitreous cavity IOP. A significant group-by-condition interaction on the vitreous cavity IOP between the two groups (phakia and aphakia) and four conditions of anterior chamber IOP were observed (F[3,258] = 5.8564, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between the vitreous cavity IOP and anterior chamber IOP in both the phakia group (R = 0.96, p < 0.001) and the aphakia group (R = 0.97, p < 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between the ΔIOPv-a (vitreous cavity IOP − anterior chamber IOP) and anterior chamber IOP in either group (phakia group: R =  − 0.18, p = 0.034; aphakia group: R =  − 0.029, p = 0.73). The vitreous cavity IOP measured with the new sensor was well-correlated with the anterior chamber IOP in the physiological range tested.
Preparation and novel photoluminescence properties of the self-supporting nanoporous InP thin films
Authors: Cao Dezhong , Wang Bo , Lu Dingze , Zhou Xiaowei , Ma Xiaohua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelf-supporting nanoporous InP membranes are prepared by electrochemical etching, and are then first transferred to highly reflective (> 96%) mesoporous GaN (MP-GaN) distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) or quartz substrate. By the modulation of bandgap, the nanoporous InP samples show a strong photoluminescence (PL) peak at 541.2 nm due to the quantum size effect of the nanoporous InP structure. Compared to the nanoporous InP membrane with quartz substrate, the nanoporous membrane transferred to DBR shows a twofold enhancement in PL intensity owing to the high light reflection effect of bottom DBR.
Anodic titania nanotubes decorated with gold nanoparticles produced by laser-induced dewetting of thin metallic films
Authors: Grochowska Katarzyna , Nedyalkov Nikolay , Karczewski Jakub , Haryński Łukasz , Śliwiński Gerard , Siuzdak Katarzyna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerein, we combine titania layers with gold species in a laser-supported process and report a substantial change of properties of the resulting heterostructures depending on the major processing parameters. Electrodes were fabricated via an anodisation process complemented with calcination to ensure a crystalline phase, and followed by magnetron sputtering of metallic films. The obtained TiO2 nanotubes with deposited thin (5, 10 nm) Au films were treated with a UV laser (355 nm) to form Au nanoparticles on top of the nanotubes. It was proven that selected laser working parameters ensure not only the formation of Au nanoparticles, but also simultaneously provide preservation of the initial tubular architecture, while above-threshold laser fluences result in partial destruction (melting) of the top layer of the nanotubes. For almost all of the samples, the crystalline phase of the nanotubes observed in Raman spectra was maintained independently of the laser processing parameters. Enhanced photoresponse up to ca 6 mA/cm2 was demonstrated by photoelectrochemical measurements on samples obtained by laser annealing of the 10 nm Au coating on a titania support. Moreover, a Mott–Schottky analysis indicated the dramatically increased (two orders of magnitude) concentration of donor density in the case of a laser-treated Au–TiO2 heterojunction compared to reference electrodes.
Genomic retargeting of p53 and CTCF is associated with transcriptional changes during oncogenic HRas-induced transformation
Authors: Schwartz Michal , Portugez Avital Sarusi , Attia Bracha Zukerman , Tannenbaum Miriam , Cohen Leslie , Loza Olga , Chase Emily , Turman Yousef , Kaplan Tommy , Salah Zaidoun , Hakim Ofir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGene transcription is regulated by distant regulatory elements via combinatorial binding of transcription factors. It is increasingly recognized that alterations in chromatin state and transcription factor binding in these distant regulatory elements may have key roles in cancer development. Here we focused on the first stages of oncogene-induced carcinogenic transformation, and characterized the regulatory network underlying transcriptional changes associated with this process. Using Hi-C data, we observe spatial coupling between differentially expressed genes and their differentially accessible regulatory elements and reveal two candidate transcription factors, p53 and CTCF, as determinants of transcriptional alterations at the early stages of oncogenic HRas-induced transformation in human mammary epithelial cells. Strikingly, the malignant transcriptional reprograming is promoted by redistribution of chromatin binding of these factors without major variation in their expression level. Our results demonstrate that alterations in the regulatory landscape have a major role in driving oncogene-induced transcriptional reprogramming.
A haplotype-led approach to increase the precision of wheat breeding
Authors: Brinton Jemima , Ramirez-Gonzalez Ricardo H. , Simmonds James , Wingen Luzie , Orford Simon , Griffiths Simon ,   10 Wheat Genome Project, Haberer Georg , Spannagl Manuel , Walkowiak Sean , Pozniak Curtis , Uauy Cristobal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCrop productivity must increase at unprecedented rates to meet the needs of the growing worldwide population. Exploiting natural variation for the genetic improvement of crops plays a central role in increasing productivity. Although current genomic technologies can be used for high-throughput identification of genetic variation, methods for efficiently exploiting this genetic potential in a targeted, systematic manner are lacking. Here, we developed a haplotype-based approach to identify genetic diversity for crop improvement using genome assemblies from 15 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars. We used stringent criteria to identify identical-by-state haplotypes and distinguish these from near-identical sequences (~99.95% identity). We showed that each cultivar shares ~59 % of its genome with other sequenced cultivars and we detected the presence of extended haplotype blocks containing hundreds to thousands of genes across all wheat chromosomes. We found that genic sequence alone was insufficient to fully differentiate between haplotypes, as were commonly used array-based genotyping chips due to their gene centric design. We successfully used this approach for focused discovery of novel haplotypes from a landrace collection and documented their potential for trait improvement in modern bread wheat. This study provides a framework for defining and exploiting haplotypes to increase the efficiency and precision of wheat breeding towards optimising the agronomic performance of this crucial crop.
Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy: cellular and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Dadson Keith , Calvillo-Argüelles Oscar , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Billia Filio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Despite the known risk of cardiotoxicity, anthracyclines are widely prescribed chemotherapeutic agents. They are broadly characterized as being a robust effector of cellular apoptosis in rapidly proliferating cells through its actions in the nucleus and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). And, despite the early use of dexrazoxane, no effective treatment strategy has emerged to prevent the development of cardiomyopathy, despite decades of study, suggesting that much more insight into the underlying mechanism of the development of cardiomyopathy is needed. In this review, we detail the specific intracellular activities of anthracyclines, from the cell membrane to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and highlight potential therapeutic windows that represent the forefront of research into the underlying causes of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy.
Developmental programming of cardiovascular function: a translational perspective
Authors: Bourque Stephane L. , Davidge Sandra T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) is a concept linking pre- and early postnatal exposures to environmental influences with long-term health outcomes and susceptibility to disease. It has provided a new perspective on the etiology and evolution of chronic disease risk, and as such is a classic example of a paradigm shift. What first emerged as the ‘fetal origins of disease’, the evolution of the DOHaD conceptual framework is a storied one in which preclinical studies played an important role. With its potential clinical applications of DOHaD, there is increasing desire to leverage this growing body of preclinical work to improve health outcomes in populations all over the world. In this review, we provide a perspective on the values and limitations of preclinical research, and the challenges that impede its translation. The review focuses largely on the developmental programming of cardiovascular function and begins with a brief discussion on the emergence of the ‘Barker hypothesis’, and its subsequent evolution into the more-encompassing DOHaD framework. We then discuss some fundamental pathophysiological processes by which developmental programming may occur, and attempt to define these as ‘instigator’ and ‘effector’ mechanisms, according to their role in early adversity. We conclude with a brief discussion of some notable challenges that hinder the translation of this preclinical work.
ACE2, angiotensin 1-7 and skeletal muscle: review in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Yamamoto Koichi , Takeshita Hikari , Rakugi Hiromi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAngiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is a multifunctional transmembrane protein recently recognised as the entry receptor of the virus causing COVID-19. In the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), ACE2 cleaves angiotensin II (Ang II) into angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), which is considered to exert cellular responses to counteract the activation of the RAS primarily through a receptor, Mas, in multiple organs including skeletal muscle. Previous studies have provided abundant evidence suggesting that Ang 1-7 modulates multiple signalling pathways leading to protection from pathological muscle remodelling and muscle insulin resistance. In contrast, there is relatively little evidence to support the protective role of ACE2 in skeletal muscle. The potential contribution of endogenous ACE2 to the regulation of Ang 1-7-mediated protection of these muscle pathologies is discussed in this review. Recent studies have suggested that ACE2 protects against ageing-associated muscle wasting (sarcopenia) through its function to modulate molecules outside of the RAS. Thus, the potential association of sarcopenia with ACE2 and the associated molecules outside of RAS is also presented herein. Further, we introduce the transcriptional regulation of muscle ACE2 by drugs or exercise, and briefly discuss the potential role of ACE2 in the development of COVID-19.
Physically motivated heat-conduction treatment in simulations of solar-like stars: effects on dynamo transitions
Authors: Viviani M. , Käpylä M. J. 
Published: November 2020

Context.Results from global magnetoconvection simulations of solar-like stars are at odds with observations in many respects: simulations show a surplus of energy in the kinetic power spectrum at large scales; anti-solar differential rotation profiles with accelerated poles, and a slow equator for the solar rotation rate; and a transition from axi- to nonaxisymmetric dynamos at a much lower rotation rate than what is observed. Even though the simulations reproduce the observed active longitudes in fast rotators, their motion in the rotational frame (the so-called azimuthal dynamo wave, ADW) is retrograde, in contrast to the prevalent prograde motion in observations.Aims.We study the effect of a more realistic treatment of heat conductivity in alleviating the discrepancies between observations and simulations.Methods.We use physically motivated heat conduction by applying Kramers opacity law to a semi-global spherical setup that describes the convective envelopes of solar-like stars, instead of a prescribed heat conduction profile from mixing-length arguments.Results.We find that some aspects of the results now better correspond to observations: the axi- to nonaxisymmetric transition point is shifted towards higher rotation rates. We also find a change in the propagation direction of ADWs that means that prograde waves are also now found. However, the transition from an anti-solar to solar-like rotation profile is also shifted towards higher rotation rates, leaving the models in an even more unrealistic regime.Conclusions.Although Kramers-based heat conduction does not help in reproducing the solar rotation profile, it does help in the faster rotation regime, where the dynamo solutions now better match the observations.
(85989) 1999 JD6: a first Barbarian asteroid detected by polarimetry in the NEA population
Authors: Kuroda Daisuke , Ishiguro Masateru , Naito Hiroyuki , Watanabe Makoto , Hasegawa Sunao , Takagi Seiko , Kuramoto Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2020

Context.To investigate the physical properties of the surface layers of small Solar System objects, we take advantage of the phase-angle dependence of the linear polarization degree, which varies with albedo, composition, and other factors. In particular, the angle at which the positive and negative are reversed is a polarimetric parameter known as inversion angle. A group with large inversion angles (the so-called Barbarians) is unusual and is also noteworthy because of their association with meteorites.Aims.We identified an object with such a large inversion angle in the near-Earth asteroids and derived previously unknown parameters, including the maximum polarization degree. By comparing the polarimetric parameters and spectral properties of meteorites, we inferred the surface conditions based on the degree of polarization of the asteroid.Methods.We carried out multiband polarization imaging observations of an L-type near-Earth asteroid, (85989) 1999 JD6, at the Hokkaido University Observatory in 2015 and 2019, covering a wide range of phase angles 30°–105°. Of the polarimetric parameters, we derived the maximum value, inversion angle, and the slope at that angle from the phase angle-polarization degree curve.Results.We found that the inversion angle and the maximum polarization degree of 1999 JD6are 27° and 13%. The inversion angle is significantly larger than those of the majority of all asteroids observed before, but is consistent with that of Barbarian asteroids. 1999 JD6is the first example belonging to this group that is also among the near-Earth asteroids.Conclusions.We claim that 1999 JD6is a member of the Barbarians and has rougher surface particles than lunar regolith.