bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Viability of Golden‐cheeked Warblers in an Urbanizing Landscape
Authors: Reidy Jennifer L. , Thompson Frank R. , O'Donnell Lisa 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTPopulation viability analyses can assess species persistence under current or simulated future conditions and guide conservation and management efforts for species of concern. We evaluated population viability of an endangered songbird, the golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia), over a 50‐year period using empirically derived population parameters collected from 2009 to 2015 on the Balcones Canyonlands Preserve (BCP), Travis County, Texas, USA. Assuming the extent and quality of habitat within the BCP does not change, the population remained stable with a population size of approximately 1,800 males, adult survival of 0.57, seasonal productivity of 1.32 male fledglings/territory, and assumed juvenile survival of 0.40. Population viability, however, was sensitive to changes in vital rates. The population declined toward local extinction when vital rates were at the low end of rates considered (0.47 adult survival, 1.14 male fledglings/territory, 0.28 juvenile survival), but had little to no probability of local extinction when vital rates were at the upper end (0.67 adult survival, 1.50 male fledglings/territory, 0.44 juvenile survival). Obtaining accurate estimates of juvenile survival remains problematic, but if juvenile survival is as low as previously reported elsewhere (0.28), the stability observed during the years of our study could be due to immigration of individuals displaced by habitat loss in the surrounding landscape. Increased carrying capacity, which served as a proxy for increased habitat quality within the BCP, was insufficient to sustain the population when productivity was low, illustrating the need for adequate seasonal productivity. Consistent with previous studies, our findings underscore the importance of managing for high‐quality breeding habitat and maintaining connectivity with other large habitat patches to promote the long‐term viability of the species. We suggest monitoring survival and productivity of high‐concern species may be justified because assessment of status from abundance alone can be confounded by immigration and other factors. © 2020 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Brewing potential of the wild yeast species Saccharomyces paradoxus
Authors: Nikulin Jarkko , Vidgren Virve , Krogerus Kristoffer , Magalhães Frederico , Valkeemäki Seija , Kangas-Heiska Tapio , Gibson Brian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSaccharomyces paradoxus is commonly isolated from environmental samples in Northern Europe and North America, but is rarely found associated with fermentation. However, as novelty has become a selling point in beer markets, interest toward non-conventional and local yeasts is increasing. Here, we report the first comprehensive investigation of the brewing potential of the species. Eight wild strains of S. paradoxus were isolated from oak trees growing naturally in Finland, screened in a series of fermentation trials and the most promising strain was selected for lager beer brewing at pilot scale (40 l). Yeasts were evaluated according to their ability to utilize wort sugars, their production of flavour-active aroma volatiles, diacetyl and organic acids, and sensorial quality of beers produced. All strains could assimilate maltose but this occurred after a considerable lag phase. Once adapted, most wild strains reached attenuation rates close to 70%. Adaptation to maltose could be maintained by re-pitching and with appropriate handling of the adapted yeast. Fermentation at 15 °C with the best performing strain was completed in 17 days. Maltose was consumed as efficiently as with a reference lager yeast, but no maltotriose use was observed. Bottled beers were evaluated by a trained sensory panel, and were generally rated as good as, or better than, reference beers. S. paradoxus beers were considered full-bodied and had a relatively clean flavour profile despite the presence of the clove-like 4-vinyl guaiacol. In conclusion, S. paradoxus exhibits a number of traits relevant to brewing, and with appropriate handling could be applied industrially.
Assessment of coronary artery disease during hospitalization for cancer treatment
Authors: Mrotzek Simone M. , Lena Alessia , Hadzibegovic Sara , Ludwig Ria , Al-Rashid Fadi , Mahabadi Amir A. , Mincu Raluca I. , Michel Lars , Johannsen Laura , Hinrichs Lena , Schuler Martin , Keller Ulrich , Anker Stefan D. , Landmesser Ulf , Rassaf Tienush , Anker Markus S. , Totzeck Matthias 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
With improvement of cancer-specific survival, comorbidities and treatment-related side effects, particularly cardiovascular toxicities, need close attention. The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients requiring coronary angiography during inpatient care.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized between 02/2011 and 02/2018 in our two university hospital cancer centers. From a cohort of 60,676 cancer patients, we identified 153 patients (65.7 ± 11.6 years, 73.2% male), who underwent coronary angiography and were eligible for analysis. These were compared to a control group of 153 non-cancer patients pair-matched with respect to age, sex, and indication for catheterization.

Results
Cancer patients presented in 66% with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The most prevalent cancer entities were lymphoma (19%) and lung cancer (18.3%). The rate of primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) was significantly lower in the cancer cohort (40.5% vs. 53.6%, p = 0.029), although manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD) and PCI results were comparable (SYNergy between PCI with TAXus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX)-score, delta pre- and post-PCI − 9.8 vs. − 8.0, p = 0.2). Mortality was remarkably high in cancer patients (1-year mortality 46% vs. 8% in non-cancer patients, p < 0.001), particularly with troponin-positive ACS (5-year mortality 71%).

Conclusion
Strategies to effectively control cardiovascular risks in cancer patients are needed. Additionally, suspected CAD in cancer patients should not prevent prompt diagnostic clarification and optimal revascularization as PCI results in cancer patients are comparable to non-cancer patients and occurrence of troponin-positive ACS leads to a significantly increased risk of mortality.

Graphic Abstract
Treatment and re-operation rates in one thousand and three hundred tibial fractures from the Swedish Fracture Register
Authors: Wennergren David , Bergdahl Carl , Selse Amanda , Ekelund Jan , Sundfeldt Mikael , Möller Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Approximately, 50 persons per 100,000 per year sustain a tibial fracture. There is, however, a lack of large cohort studies that describe the treatment and re-operation frequencies of tibial fractures. The aim of this study was to describe the treatment and re-operation rates of tibial fractures in all segments of the tibia.

Methods
Data related to all patients aged 16 and above treated for tibial fractures (ICD-10 S82.10-31) at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in 2011–2015 were extracted from the Swedish Fracture Register. To make sure all re-operations were included in the study, the operation planning system was checked for all patients included in the study.

Results
The study comprised 1371 tibial fractures − 712 proximal, 417 diaphyseal and 242 distal tibial fractures. Among the proximal and distal tibial fractures, plate fixation was the most commonly used surgical method, whereas among tibial shaft fractures, an intramedullary nail was the most commonly used surgical method. Almost 30% (29.8%) of all surgically treated tibial fractures underwent re-operation. Among proximal tibial fractures, 24.0% underwent re-operation; tibial shaft fractures 37.0% and distal tibial fractures 26.8%. Re-operations due to infection were more or less equally common in all segments (3.9–5.4%).

Conclusion
This study describes the treatment and re-operation rates after tibial fractures in a cohort of 1371 tibial fractures at Sahlgrenska University Hospital during a period of 5 years. The study shows an overall re-operation rate of 29.8% for fractures in all segments of the tibia.
Biophysical methods to quantify bacterial behaviors at oil–water interfaces
Authors: Conrad Jacinta C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Motivated by the need for improved understanding of physical processes involved in bacterial biodegradation of catastrophic oil spills, we review biophysical methods to probe bacterial motility and adhesion at oil–water interfaces. This review summarizes methods that probe bulk, average behaviors as well as local, microscopic behaviors, and highlights opportunities for future work to bridge the gap between biodegradation and biophysics.
Are specialists really safer than generalists for classical biocontrol?
Authors: Taylor Joseph Michael , Snyder William Emerson 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGeneralists rarely are considered for classical biocontrol because their broad feeding habits are expected to make non-target impacts inevitable. This assumes an increase in overall ecological risk with increasing number of feeding connections. With the goal of inspiring fresh consideration of the safety of exotic biocontrol agents for classical biocontrol, we present a selective review of the impacts of nine particularly-well-studied exotic natural enemies ranging from relative specialists to generalists. Surprisingly, non-target effects could be particularly strong for relative specialists that attacked just a few natives, but were often widespread but weak for the broadest generalists. This appeared to reflect relatively strong apparent competition and density-dependence for the narrow feeders, versus broadly diffuse net effects for the broader feeders. Overall, we suggest a sole focus on specialists in classical biocontrol might be an unreliable means to reduce ecological risk. Additional research is needed to fully compare the net direct and indirect effects of generalists and specialists across food webs, following classical biocontrol releases.
Body Boundary Work: Praxeological Thoughts on Personal Corporality
Authors: Boll Tobias , Müller Sophie Merit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn everyday life, we usually go by the one-body-one-person rule: one person has one body (and vice versa). This social belief builds on two assumptions: bodies are individual units and they (and ‘their’ person) are the same in different situations. This is also the conceptual resource for social theories that build on the notion of individuals. In this article, we turn it into a sociological topic. We develop a vocabulary for reconstructing bodily one-ness and bodily sameness as practically achieved social order, as body boundary work: what belongs to a body is a matter of local practices that define its situational contours, limits and margins. Practices of identification and personification draw on social memories and enact bodies as trans-situational entities. Persons and bodies, we argue, evolve in co-individuation. Personal corporality, then, can be conceptualized as a body of work that encompasses these practical efforts of boundary-making.
Volunteering Hierarchies in the Global South: Remuneration and Livelihoods
Authors: Baillie Smith Matt , Fadel Bianca , O’Loghlen Aisling , Hazeldine Shaun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper explores volunteering and inequality in the global South through an analysis of volunteering remuneration. We argue that the growing remuneration of volunteers reflects an increasing financialisation of volunteering by aid and development donors to match labour to project and sectoral objectives. We examine how these remuneration strategies shape volunteering economies and (re)produce hierarchies and inequalities in contexts in the global South where volunteers are often from marginalised communities. We analyse data collected in Africa and the Middle East as part of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Global Review on Volunteering to explore these interweaving volunteering hierarchies and how they articulate with existing social stratifications. In these contexts, we argue that a livelihoods and capabilities approach across macro-, national and local levels provides an alternative and more nuanced way of accounting for volunteer remuneration within the range of assets that communities have to build their lives and future. When oriented towards catalysing these community assets, and away from rewarding particular kinds of individual labour, remuneration has the potential to enable rather than undermine sustained volunteering activity by and within marginalised communities.
Pharmacological classification of anticancer drugs applying chromatographic retention data and chemometric analysis
Authors: Gackowski Marcin , Koba Marcin , Pluskota Robert , Daghir-Wojtkowiak Emilia , Szatkowska-Wandas Paulina , Kruszewski Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe combination of chromatography and chemometrics has been introduced in order to provide information about drug analytes, biological macromolecules, the stationary phase, whose properties are related to molecular pharmacology and rational drug design. In this work a pharmacological classification was made in order to find strategy for predicting an activity of anticancer drugs. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method has been employed to build some relationship models between the following: lipophilicity parameters of selected antitumor drugs obtained by chromatographic analysis, some molecular modeling descriptors from HyperChem software, lipophilicity parameters calculated by proper program, biological activity, as well as mechanism of actions and therapeutic properties of selected anticancer drugs. The most significant influence on factors value had parameters, which described compounds’ lipophilicity. Important debt on antitumor properties had some other molecular descriptors, which were considered in this paper (e.g. topological, physico-chemical, and energy ones). In addition, distribution of individual drugs on plots determined by two principal components had shown points in good accordance with their chemical structures and cytostatic activity as well as their mechanism of actions and therapeutic properties.
Understanding public perception of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing on Twitter
Authors: Saleh Sameh N. , Lehmann Christoph U. , McDonald Samuel A. , Basit Mujeeb A. , Medford Richard J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:Social distancing policies are key in curtailing severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread, but their effectiveness is heavily contingent on public understanding and collective adherence. We studied public perception of social distancing through organic, large-scale discussion on Twitter.Design:Retrospective cross-sectional study.Methods:Between March 27 and April 10, 2020, we retrieved English-only tweets matching two trending social distancing hashtags, #socialdistancing and #stayathome. We analyzed the tweets using natural language processing and machine-learning models, and we conducted a sentiment analysis to identify emotions and polarity. We evaluated the subjectivity of tweets and estimated the frequency of discussion of social distancing rules. We then identified clusters of discussion using topic modeling and associated sentiments.Results:We studied a sample of 574,903 tweets. For both hashtags, polarity was positive (mean, 0.148; SD, 0.290); only 15% of tweets had negative polarity. Tweets were more likely to be objective (median, 0.40; IQR, 0–0.6) with ~30% of tweets labeled as completely objective (labeled as 0 in range from 0 to 1). Approximately half of tweets (50.4%) primarily expressed joy and one-fifth expressed fear and surprise. Each correlated well with topic clusters identified by frequency including leisure and community support (ie, joy), concerns about food insecurity and quarantine effects (ie, fear), and unpredictability of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its implications (ie, surprise).Conclusions:Considering the positive sentiment, preponderance of objective tweets, and topics supporting coping mechanisms, we concluded that Twitter users generally supported social distancing in the early stages of their implementation.
A Divergence-Free Immersed Boundary Method and Its Finite Element Applications
Authors: Zhou Chuan , Li Jianhua , Wang Huaan , Mu Kailong , Zhao Lanhao 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIn order to maintain the no-slip condition and the divergence-free property simultaneously, an iterative scheme of immersed boundary method in the finite element framework is presented. In this method, the Characteristic-based Split scheme is employed to solve the momentum equations and the formulation for the pressure and the extra body force is derived according to the no-slip condition. The extra body force is divided into two divisions, one is in relation to the pressure and the other is irrelevant. Two corresponding independent iterations are set to solve the two sections. The novelty of this method lies in that the correction of the velocity increment is included in the calculation of the extra body force which is relevant to the pressure and the update of the force is incorporated into the iteration of the pressure. Hence, the divergence-free properties and no-slip conditions are ensured concurrently. In addition, the current method is validated with well-known benchmarks.
En[dj]uring [ʧ]unes or ma[tj]ure [ʤ]ukes? Yod-coalescence and yod-dropping in theEighteenth-Century English Phonology Database
Authors: BEAL JOAN C. , SEN RANJAN , YÁÑEZ-BOUZA NURIA , WALLIS CHRISTINE 
Published: August 2020

Yod-coalescence involving alveolar consonants before Late Modern English /uː/ from earlier /iu > juː/ is still variable and diffusing in Present-day English. For example, theOxford English Dictionary(OED) gives both (/tj dj/) and (/ʧ ʤ/) British English pronunciations fortune(/tjuːn/, /tʃuːn/),mature(/mǝˈtjʊǝ/, /mǝˈʧʊǝ/),duke(/djuːk/, /dʒuːk/) andendure(/ᵻnˈdjʊə/, /ɛnˈdjʊə/, /ᵻnˈdʒʊə/, /ɛnˈdʒʊə/, /ᵻnˈdjɔː/, /ɛnˈdjɔː/, /ᵻnˈdʒɔː/, /ɛnˈdʒɔː/). Extensive variability in yod-coalescence and yod-dropping is not recent in origin, and we can already detect relevant patterns in the eighteenth century from the evidence of a range of pronouncing dictionaries. Beal (1996, 1999) notes a tendency for northern English and Scottish authors to be more conservative with regard to yod-coalescence. She concludes that we require ‘a comprehensive survey of the many pronouncing dictionaries and other works on pronunciation’ (1996: 379) to gain more insight into the historical variation patterns underlying Present-day English.This article presents some results from such a ‘comprehensive survey’: theEighteenth-Century English Phonology Database(ECEP). Transcriptions of all relevant words located are compared across a range of eighteenth-century sources in order to determine the chronology of yod-coalescence and yod-dropping as well as internal (e.g. stress, phoneme type, presence of a following /r/) and external (e.g. prescriptive, geographical, social) motivations for these developments.
Deep Learning Models for Estimation of the SuperDARN Cross Polar Cap Potential
Authors: Liu Erxiao , Hu Hongqiao , Liu Jianjun , Qiao Lei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present deep learning models for cross polar cap potential (CPCP) by applying multilayer perceptron (MLP) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) networks to estimate CPCP based on Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) measurements. Three statistical parameters are proposed, which are root‐mean‐square error (RMSE), mean absolute error and linear correlation coefficient (LC), to validate and test the models by measuring their performance on an independent data set that was withheld from the training data set. In addition, we compare the models with previous work. The results show that the deep learning models can successfully reproduce the CPCP values with much lower RMSE (8.41 kV for MLP and 7.20 kV for LSTM) and mean absolute error (7.22 kV for MLP and 6.28 kV for LSTM) and higher LC (0.84 for MLP and 0.90 for LSTM) than do the other models, which have RMSE larger than 10 kV and LC lower than 0.75. The deep learning models can also express the CPCP nonlinear properties (saturation effect) accurately. This study demonstrates that deep learning techniques can enhance the ability to predict CPCP.
The PMC Turbo Balloon Mission to Measure Gravity Waves and Turbulence in Polar Mesospheric Clouds: Camera, Telemetry, and Software Performance
Authors: Kjellstrand Carl Bjorn , Jones Glenn , Geach Christopher , Williams Bifford P. , Fritts David C. , Miller Amber , Hanany Shaul , Limon Michele , Reimuller Jason 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Polar Mesospheric Cloud Turbulence (PMC Turbo) instrument consists of a balloon‐borne platform which hosts seven cameras and a Rayleigh lidar. During a 6‐day flight in July 2018, the cameras captured images of Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) with a sensitivity to spatial scales from ~20 m to 100 km at a ~2‐s cadence and a full field of view (FOV) of hundreds of kilometers. We developed software optimized for imaging of PMCs, controlling multiple independent cameras, compressing and storing images, and for choosing telemetry communication channels. We give an overview of the PMC Turbo design focusing on the flight software and telemetry functions. We describe the performance of the system during its first flight in July 2018.
Microbial Imprints on Sulfide Minerals in Submarine Hydrothermal Deposits of the East Pacific Rise
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Xingliang , Wang Weiguo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDiverse numbers of iron‐ and sulfur‐oxidizing microbes have been found in submarine hydrothermal deposits. They have played a prominent role in weathering of seafloor sulfide deposits. However, evidence for microbe‐mineral interactions in sediments is rare. Mineralogic analysis and scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX) examination of sulfide deposits from the East Pacific Rise demonstrated that (1) sulfide minerals were extensively leached, with characteristic microbial dissolution pits on mineral surfaces; (2) the possible Acidithiobacillus‐like bacteria and metabolites were found closely associated with the dissolution pits in situ. The results provide direct evidence for microbial leaching on the solid mineral crystals, most likely by the contact mechanisms, in the seafloor sulfide deposits.