bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal object naming is less adapted to preterm infants’ than to term infants’ word mapping
Authors: Gogate Lakshmi 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundTerm infants learn word–object relations in their first year during multisensory interactions with caregivers. Although preterm infants often experience language delays, little is known about how caregivers contribute to their early word–object learning. The present longitudinal study compared maternal naming and word learning in these infant groups.MethodsForty moderately preterm and 40 term infants participated at 6–9 and 12 months with their mothers. At each visit, mothers named two novel objects during play, and infants’ learning was assessed using dynamic displays of the familiar and novel (mismatched) word–object relations. Infants’ general cognitive, language, and motoric abilities were evaluated. Maternal multisensory naming was coded for synchrony between the target words and object motions and other naming styles.ResultsDuring play, although overall maternal naming‐style was similar across infant groups within visits, naming frequency increased to term but not preterm infants, from visit 1 to 2. On the test at visit 1, although the term infants’ looked equally to novel and familiar word–object relations, their looking to the novel relations correlated positively with maternal synchrony use but inversely with naming frequency. At visit 2, term infants looked longer to the novel relations. In contrast, preterm infants showed no looking preference at either visit. Neither was their word–object learning correlated with maternal naming. Their cognition, language, and motor scores were attenuated when compared to term infants on the Bayley‐III but not their MCDI vocabulary.ConclusionsLess adaptive maternal naming and delayed word mapping in moderately preterm infants underscore a critical need for multisensory language intervention prior to first‐word onset to alleviate its cascading effects on later language.
Perkinsus mediterraneus infection induces oxidative stress in the mollusc Mimachlamys varia
Authors: Box Antonio , Capó Xavier , Tejada Silvia , Sureda Antoni , Mejías Laia , Valencia José María 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPerkinsus mediterraneus is a protozoan parasite that can cause marine mollusc diseases known as perkinsosis being a serious threat for clam cultures worldwide. The aim of the present study was first to determine the Perkinsus species infecting the variegated scallop Mimachlamys varia and then to evaluate the existence of oxidative stress in gills of M. varia according to different degrees of infection. DNA sequencing confirmed that P. mediterraneus was the species infecting M. varia. ROS production was progressively increasing with the degree of infection although the differences were only significant in the high‐infected group. Low degree of infection significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activities and nitrite levels with respect to the control group. In the high‐infected group, a significant increase was evidenced in all analysed enzymes, catalase, SOD, glutathione reductase and GST. Non‐significant differences in MDA levels were observed between the control and low‐infected groups; however, a significant increase in MDA levels was observed in the high‐infected group. In conclusion, the infection by Perkinsus mediterraneus in M. varia induces oxidative stress and an antioxidant response directly related to the infection degree that can contribute to the pathogenicity of the infection.
Silicon‐based film on the yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal: Surface and shear bond strength analysis
Authors: Silva Alecsandro de Moura , Figueiredo Viviane Maria Gonçalves de , Massi Marcos , Prado Renata Falchete do , Silva Sobrinho Argemiro Soares da , Queiroz José Reinaldo Cavalcanti de , Nogueira Junior Lafayette 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo analyze the effect of a silicon (Si)‐based film deposited on yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y‐TZP) on the topography and bond strength of resin cement.MethodsSpecimens of zirconia were obtained and randomly divided into 4 groups, according to surface treatment: polished group (PG) zirconia; sandblasted group (SG) zirconia with aluminum oxide (100 µm); after polished, zirconia was coated with Si‐based film group (SiFG); and after sandblasted, zirconia was coated with Si‐based film group (SiFSG). The Si‐based films were obtained through plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Surface roughness and contact angle analysis were performed. Resin cement cylinders were built up on the treated surface of blocks, after applying Monobond‐S. The specimens were submitted to thermocycling aging and shear bond strength testing. The Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney U‐tests were performed.ResultsThere were significant differences between the surface treatments for each roughness parameter measured. Si‐based film increased roughness and decreased the contact angle. Si‐based film groups also demonstrated significantly lower bond strength values.ConclusionSi‐based film produced using plasma deposition provided lower bond strength to resin cement compared with conventional treatment; however, the film deposition reduced the contact angle and improved roughness, favorable properties in the long way to prepare an optimum material.
Histological variation of early stage atherosclerotic lesions in baboons after prolonged challenge with high‐cholesterol, high‐fat diet
Authors: Karere Genesio M. , Dick Edward J. , Galindo Samuel , Martinez Jesse C. , Martinez Jacob E. , Owston Michael , VandeBerg John L. , Cox Laura A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe baboon is a well‐characterized model of human early stage atherosclerosis. However, histological and morphological changes involved in atherogenesis in baboons are not known. Previously, we challenged baboons with a high‐cholesterol, high‐fat diet for two years and observed fatty streak and plaque lesions in iliac arteries (RCIA).MethodsWe evaluated histological and morphological changes of baboon arterial lesions and control arteries. In addition, we evaluated the vascular expression of CD68 and SMαA markers with progression of atherosclerosis.ResultsWe observed changes that correlated with extent of atherosclerosis, including increased maximum intimal thickness. We demonstrated at molecular level the infiltration of smooth muscle cells and macrophages into the intimal layer. Further, we observed histological and morphological discordancy between the affected and adjacent areas of the same RCIA.ConclusionAtherogenesis in baboons is accompanied by histological, morphological, and molecular changes, as in humans, providing insights to evaluate the mechanisms underlying early stage atherosclerosis in target tissues.
Racism, Bias, and Discrimination as Modifiable Barriers to Breastfeeding for African American Women: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Robinson Karen , Fial Alissa , Hanson Lisa 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionAlthough breastfeeding has been shown to improve health outcomes for infants, African American women initiate and continue breastfeeding at lower rates than women from other racial groups. This scoping review was conducted to assess the effect racism, bias, and discrimination have on breastfeeding care, support, and outcomes for African American women.MethodsA scoping review was performed of the literature published between January 2010 through December 2019 using databases MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Sociological Abstracts. Studies that examined racism, bias, or discrimination with breastfeeding as an outcome were included. After a review of titles and abstracts of the articles using exclusion and inclusion criteria, 5 full‐text articles were included in the scoping review.ResultsThe qualitative and quantitative studies reviewed provide the perspectives of pregnant and postpartum African American women as well as those of health care providers. African American women's experiences of racism adversely affected both breastfeeding initiation and duration. Health care providers’ biased assumption that African American women would not breastfeed affected the quality of breastfeeding support provided to them. Specifically, African American women received fewer referrals for lactation support and more limited assistance when problems developed. This scoping review provides evidence that African American women experience racism, bias, and discrimination affecting breastfeeding care, support, and outcomes.DiscussionRacism, bias, and discrimination are modifiable barriers that adversely affect breastfeeding among African American women. Researchers and health care providers are encouraged to consider the effect of racism, bias, and discrimination on breastfeeding care, support, and outcomes.
In vitro characterization and clinical use of platelet‐rich plasma‐derived Endoret‐Gel as an autologous treatment for atrophic scars
Authors: García Cristina , Pino Ander , Jimenez Natalia , Truchuelo MªTeresa , Jaén Pedro , Anitua Eduardo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundNormal healing process becomes severely dysregulated in pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, infection or underlaying diseases. These scenarios hamper the standard healing pattern and dermal fibrotic tissue develops.ObjectiveIn the present study a novel three‐dimensional formulation (Endoret‐Gel) based on plasma rich in growth factors technology (Endoret‐PRGF) has been assessed for atrophic scar management.Materials and methodsMicrostructure analysis, growth factor content, and projection capacity of both formulations (Endoret‐Gel and Endoret‐PRGF) was assessed. Additionally, a clinical evaluation of Endoret‐Gel treatment was also performed in a case of an extense atrophic scar.ResultsEndoret‐Gel presented high molecular weight plasmatic proteins that formed solid thermal aggregates enclosed by a stable fibrin network. This formulation has a higher cutaneous projection capacity compared with Endoret‐PRGF. Both formulations presented a high load of bioactive proteins such as EGF, PDGF‐AB, and IGF‐I being higher in liquid Endoret‐PRGF. Clinical results evidenced that infiltrations of Endoret‐Gel derived in an early volumetric disposal that was maintained for several months. The treatment provided and immediate soft tissue augmentation and scar amelioration effect that was translated into a noticeable clinical improvement of the injury. No side effects or adverse events were reported during ten‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionThese preliminary findings suggest that Endoret‐Gel may act not only as a temporary volumizer but also as soft tissue stimulator that might be used as a monotherapy for scar management.
Victimization and Somatic Problems: The Role of Class Victimization Levels
Authors: Gini Gianluca , Holt Melissa , Pozzoli Tiziana , Marino Claudia 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe link between peer victimization and somatic problems is well‐established. What is currently understudied is under what contextual conditions victims' health might be most likely to be compromised. Studies demonstrate that victims suffer from poorer adjustment when they belong to a group in which victimization is less normative (social misfit hypothesis). We examined whether the association between individual victimization and somatic problems was stronger in classrooms with lower class victimization.METHODSA sample of 1906 adolescents (65% girls; Mage = 14.4, SD = 1.2) completed a survey about school life quality, peer victimization, and health problems.RESULTSMultilevel modeling with Bayes estimator indicated modest variation in somatic problems between classrooms. At the individual level, peer victimization was associated with higher reports of somatic problems. This association varied across classroom as a function of class victimization level. Simple slope computation confirmed that the association between peer victimization and somatic complaints became stronger as class victimization levels decreased.CONCLUSIONSVictims in classrooms with lower levels of victimization are more likely to report somatic problems. Anti‐bullying programs should consider the effects of class norms on victims' adjustment and address the possible risks for those who continue to be victimized.
Can School Feeding Programs Reduce Malnutrition in Rural China?
Authors: Wang Huan , Zhao Qiran , Boswell Matthew , Rozelle Scott 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChildhood malnutrition is commonplace among poor rural communities in China. In 2012, China launched its first nationwide school‐feeding program (SFP) to address this problem. This study examines the prevalence of malnutrition before and after the SFP and identifies possible reasons for the trends observed.METHODSOrdinary least squares regression and propensity score matching were used to analyze data from 2 cross‐sectional surveys of 100 rural primary schools in northwestern China. Participants were fourth‐and fifth‐grade students. Outcome measures include anemia rates, hemoglobin levels, body mass index, and height for age Z scores.RESULTSThree years after implementation of the SFP, malnutrition rates among sample students had not fallen. The SFP had no statistically significant effect on either anemia rates or BMI, but was linked to an increase in the proportion of students with below normal height for age Z scores. Meals provided to students fell far short of national recommendations that the SPF should provide 40% of the recommended daily allowance of micronutrients.CONCLUSIONSDespite significant budgetary outlays between 2012 and 2015, China's SFP has not reduced the prevalence of malnutrition among sample students. To make the SFP more effective, funding and human resources both need to be increased.
School Websites: A Physical Education and Physical Activity Content Analysis
Authors: Kahan David , McKenzie Thomas L. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchools are important venues for providing and promoting physical activity, but little is known about how school websites are being used for these purposes. Completing a content analysis of existing school websites is essential to understanding their function and value relative to supporting physical education (PE) and physical activity.METHODSWe conducted a quantitative, cross‐sectional, systematic content analysis to analyze and identify correlates of the website features of 990 private elementary schools located in 325 California cities/localities.RESULTSNearly all schools (98%) had a functioning website, but PE and physical activity content were displayed sparsely and inconspicuously. Regression models identified 10 predictors of website PE/physical activity content, including religious affiliation and having a separate webpage for PE.CONCLUSIONSWebsites can serve many functions, including providing information on the school vision/goals, curriculum content, class schedules, extracurricular activities, and core topics. This study is among the first to carry out a systematic analysis of school websites relative to PE and physical activity. Schools did not use the full potential of their websites to inform constituents about physical activity or to promote it. Schools should scrutinize their websites to ensure content and messaging are consistent with enabling students to engage in sufficient health‐promoting physical activity.
Border tax adjustments and tariff‐tax reforms with consumption pollution
Authors: Tsakiris Nikos , Hatzipanayotou Panos , Michael Michael S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe develop a model of a small open economy, where pollution per unit of consumption between domestically produced and imported quantities of the same good differs. We show that the first‐best policy combination calls for consumption taxes on all polluting goods, and border tax adjustment (BTA) measures, that is, tariffs or import subsidies. We identify conditions under which well‐known tariff‐tax reform policies for developing economies, such as a consumer‐price‐neutral piecemeal reform of trade and a consumption tax, and a consumer‐price‐neutral reform of all trade and consumption taxes improve welfare. We also evaluate whether reforms of trade taxes alone are superior to consumer‐price‐neutral reforms of trade and consumption taxes.
Spillovers, subsidies, and second‐best socially optimal R&D
Authors: Amir Rabah , Liu Huizhong , Machowska Dominika , Resende Joana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper provides a thorough second‐best welfare analysis of the standard two‐stage model of R&D/product market competition with R&D spillovers. The planner's solution is compared to the standard non‐cooperative scenario, the R&D cartel, and the cartelized research joint venture (or joint lab). We introduce the notion of a social joint lab, as a way for the planner to avoid wasteful R&D duplication. With no spillovers, the non‐cooperative scenario, the joint lab, and the second‐best planner's solutions coincide. However, with spillovers, all three scenarios yield R&D investments that fall short of the socially optimal level. To shed light on the role of the spillover level on these comparisons, we observe that the gaps between the market outcomes and the planners solutions widen as the spillover parameter increases. Finally, we establish that a social planner and a social joint lab solutions may be achieved starting from any of the three scenarios by offering firms respective suitably weighted quadratic R&D subsidization schedules.
Evaluating the association between food insecurity and dental caries in US children 1‐19 years: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013‐2014
Authors: Hill Brittaney 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the association between food insecurity and dental caries in US children aged 1‐19 years.MethodsData from children ages 1‐19 collected through the 2013/2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed. Descriptive analysis of both the exposure (food insecurity) and outcome variables (dental caries), as well as covariates, was carried out. Strata‐specific odds ratios and respective 95 percent confidence intervals for each covariate were determined, followed by linear regression models.ResultsThe odd of having dental caries was 2.9 times higher for children who had very low food security. The odds of having dental caries was 2.6 times higher for children aged 6‐11, 2.9 times higher for children aged 12‐15, and 4.2 times higher for children aged 16‐19 when compared to children aged 1‐5.ConclusionsThere is a significant association between food insecurity and dental caries in children and dental caries prevalence increases with age.
Chemical constituents, experimental and clinical pharmacology of Rosa damascena: a literature review
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Riaz Muhammad , Munir Naveed , Akhter Naheed , Zafar Sadia , Jabeen Farhat , Ali Shariati Mohammad , Akhtar Naheed , Riaz Zarfishan , Altaf Syed Hassan , Daniyal Muhammad , Zahid Rabia , Said Khan Fahad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Context
Rosa damascena Mill. is prescribed for the management of chest and abdominal pain, constipation, digestive disorders, menstrual bleeding and liver ailments.

Objective
The current review compiles up to date and complete information of whole plant of R. damascena with particular emphasis on its numerous scientifically proved pharmacological effects, traditional and folk medicinal uses.

Key finding
The data on the pharmacological effects of R. damascena were collected from various databases such as PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Elsevier and Web of Science using the keywords like phytoconstituents, pharmacology, medicinal uses and biological activity of R. damascene. Rosa damascena has a wide spectrum of bio-pharmacological activity like antidepressant, hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant and antimicrobial. The main ingredients of R. damascena essential oil responsible for pharmacological activity are geraniol and citronellol. Its uses have been widely accepted in traditional system of medicines for the management of numerous diseases of human beings in different dosage forms.

Summary
Rosa damascena has a significant place in traditional system of medicine. It is cost-effective and an important plant with curative application in contemporary medicine. Further studies on the characterization of chemical constituents and scientific basis of pharmacological activity of R. damascena should be carried out to evaluate its impact on traditional system of medicines. Large-scale preclinical and clinical trials will be beneficial in investigating the mechanism of the therapeutic potential of R. damascene to explore its uses in pharmaceutical industries.
History, impact, and status of infectious diseases of the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Bonne, 1831) cultivated in Mexico
Authors: López‐Téllez Norma A. , Corbalá‐Bermejo Juan A. , Bustamante‐Unzueta Marco L. , Silva‐Ledesma Laura P. , Vidal‐Martínez Víctor M. , Rodriguez‐Canul Rossanna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei is cultivated worldwide and is an important economic resource in Mexico. Despite continuous development of shrimp aquaculture in Mexico, this activity has exhibited variable production rates because of health‐related problems. Most of the health problems have been caused by viruses, such as IHHNV [syn = penstyldensovirus (PstDV1)], TSV, and WSSV, and diseases caused by different species of the genus Vibrio, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp AHPND), which contain a plasmid with genes that encode for the toxins PirA and PirB. Even with the losses caused by these pathogens, the production of shrimp continues, and the number of hectares used for production increases year after year. This article presents a review of the history of shrimp farming in Mexico, the predominating health problems, and the estimated economic impact on shrimp culture. The implementation of good management practices in aquaculture production is urgently needed to improve the production on shrimp farms.
SNP analyses reveal a diverse pool of potential colonists to earthquake‐uplifted coastlines
Authors: Peters Johnette C. , Waters Jonathan M. , Dutoit Ludovic , Fraser Ceridwen I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn species that form dense populations, major disturbance events are expected to increase the chance of establishment for immigrant lineages. Real‐time tests of the impact of disturbance on patterns of genetic structure are, however, scarce. Central to testing these concepts is determining the pool of potential immigrants dispersing into a disturbed area. In 2016, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake occurred on the South Island of New Zealand. Affecting approximately 100 km of coastline, this quake caused extensive uplift (several metres high), extirpating many intertidal populations, including keystone intertidal kelp species. Following the uplift, we set out to determine the geographic origins of detached kelp specimens which rafted into the disturbed zone. Specifically, we used genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approaches to compare beach‐cast southern bull‐kelp (Durvillaea antarctica and Durvillaea poha) samples to established populations throughout the species' ranges, and thus infer the geographic origins of potential colonists reaching the disturbed coast. Our findings revealed an ongoing supply of diverse lineages dispersing to the newly uplifted coastline, suggesting potential for establishment of “exotic” lineages following disturbance. Furthermore, we found that some drifting individuals of each species came from far‐distant regions, some >1,200 km away. These results show that diverse lineages – in many cases from very distant sources – can compete for new space in the wake of an exceptional disturbance event, illustrating the potential of long‐distance dispersal as a key mechanism for reassembly of coastal ecosystems. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that high‐resolution genomic baselines can be used to robustly assign the provenance of dispersing individuals.