bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The electrical and spin properties of monolayer and bilayer Janus HfSSe under vertical electrical field
Authors: Ghobadi Nayereh , Touski Shoeib Babaee 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the electrical and spin properties of mono- and bilayer HfSSe in the presence of a vertical electric field are studied. The density functional theory is used to investigate their properties. Fifteen different stacking orders of bilayer HfSSe are considered. The mono- and bilayer demonstrate an indirect bandgap, whereas the bandgap of bilayer can be effectively controlled by the electric field. While the bandgap of bilayer closes at large electric fields and a semiconductor to metal transition occurs, the effect of a normal electric field on the bandgap of the monolayer HfSSe is quite weak. Spin–orbit coupling causes band splitting in the valence band and Rashba spin splitting in the conduction band of both mono- and bilayer structures. The band splitting in the valence band of the bilayer is smaller than a monolayer, however, the vertical electric field increases the band splitting in bilayer one. The stacking configurations without mirror symmetry exhibit Rashba spin splitting which is enhanced with the electric field.
Physical modeling and design optimization of 4H-SiC insulated gate bipolar transistors for dv/dt reduction
Authors: Liu Hangzhi , Wang Jun , Liang Shiwei , Yu Hengyu , Deng Wenjuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The extremely high dv/dt of 4H-SiC insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) becomes the major concern in its next-generation large-volume power conversion applications because severe electromagnetic interference (EMI) is induced. However, the root reason for its high dv/dt and the method of suppressing EMI have not been extensively investigated yet. In this paper, we proposed a novel physical model for SiC IGBT to identify the major limiting device design parameters of dv/dt during switching transients. The influences of SiC IGBT’s design parameters on its dv/dt and power dissipation are quantitatively analyzed by means of the physical model. Comparisons between the theoretical predictions and technology computer-aided design simulation results validate the physical model. The results on design optimization of a 18 kV n-channel SiC IGBT shows that 80% reduction of dv/dt and 60% reduction in turn-off power dissipation are achieved simultaneously without sacrificing its forward voltage drop.
Reconstruction of an ultrashort laser pulse from flexibly shaped FROG traces via ptychography algorithm
Authors: Mao Anjun , Liu Chengpu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is a popular technique for characterizing ultrashort laser pulses. This technique comprises two steps. First, a spectrogram, named FROG trace, is constructed for a pulse by measuring process. Second, an efficient algorithm is employed to retrieve the pulse information from its FROG trace. By expressing an arbitrary FROG trace using matrix multiplication, we confirm that the data on all the complex spectral components constituting the relative pulse are, in principle, encoded in the value of each point of the trace. Considering this fact and the characteristics of the measuring devices, flexibly shaped FROG traces are built by simultaneously applying low-pass filtering and up-sampling along the frequency axis and down-sampling along the delay axis to the conventional square ones. Furthermore, these practical traces can be used for the effective reconstruction of ultrashort laser pulses via the ptychography algorithm. Utilizing this specially designed trace will significantly reduce the difficulty and time-consumption in the first step of the FROG process.
Bladder pressure encoding by sacral dorsal root ganglion fibres: implications for decoding
Authors: Lubba Carl H , Ouyang Zhonghua , Jones Nick S , Bruns Tim M , Schultz Simon R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective. We aim at characterising the encoding of bladder pressure (intravesical pressure) by a population of sensory fibres. This research is motivated by the possibility to restore bladder function in elderly patients or after spinal cord injury using implanted devices, so called bioelectronic medicines. For these devices, nerve-based estimation of intravesical pressure can enable a personalized and on-demand stimulation paradigm, which has promise of being more effective and efficient. In this context, a better understanding of the encoding strategies employed by the body might in the future be exploited by informed decoding algorithms that enable a precise and robust bladder-pressure estimation. Approach. To this end, we apply information theory to microelectrode-array recordings from the cat sacral dorsal root ganglion while filling the bladder, conduct surrogate data studies to augment the data we have, and finally decode pressure in a simple informed approach. Main results. We find an encoding scheme by different main bladder neuron types that we divide into three response types (slow tonic, phasic, and derivative fibres). We show that an encoding by different bladder neuron types, each represented by multiple cells, offers reliability through within-type redundancy and high information rates through semi-independence of different types. Our subsequent decoding study shows a more robust decoding from mean responses of homogeneous cell pools. Significance. We have here, for the first time, established a link between an information theoretic analysis of the encoding of intravesical pressure by a population of sensory neurons to an informed decoding paradigm. We show that even a simple adapted decoder can exploit the redundancy in the population to be more robust against cell loss. This work thus paves the way towards principled encoding studies in the periphery and towards a new generation of informed peripheral nerve decoders for bioelectronic medicines.
Studies on influence of mineral admixture on mechanical properties of CC and SCC
Authors: Soumya Pradhan Shashwati , Chandra Panda Kishor 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Now a day’s research is more concern on the successful utilization of different mineral admixture so as to cut down the environmental pollution caused by cement industries throughout cement production. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a new generation concrete has been developed without compromising the strength characteristics with minimum time and labour cost. So to make more economic and environmental friendly concrete, two mineral admixtures (waste products of the industries) i.e. Silpozz and Lime Stone Powder (LSP) were used during this experimental work. The aim of this study is to evaluate the fresh and hardened properties of the conventional concrete (CC) and Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) containing mineral admixtures. Cement is partially replaced with Silpozz and LSP as 0%, 10% and 20% for both CC and SCC. Total ten numbers of concrete mixes have prepared for M30 grade of concrete. Fresh concrete properties of CC have evaluated by slump test and for SCC, slump flow, T500, V-funnel and J-ring test were conducted. Hardened concrete properties were evaluated after 7 and 28 days for compressive, split tensile and flexural strength test. The desired amount of superplasticizer (SP) is used in SCC to make the concrete workable. The test results indicate that the 20% replacement of Silpozz influences the mechanical properties of concrete as compared to LSP replacement.
Investigation of Fly Ash Concrete by Slump Cone and Compaction Factor Test
Authors: Mahajan Lomesh , Mahadik Sanjivan , Bhagat S. R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The supplementary or alternative material to cement has been an emerging field in civil engineering. The concrete ingredients have become modern due to the need for reducing global warming and material scarcity problem. Fly ash is used to replace cement partially in concrete, therefore the concrete mix has changed their characteristics as obtained by normal concrete. The proper investigation always required for performance measurement and to measure the fresh concrete property, the slump cone test, and compaction factor test are the tool. The Slump Test has become the most frequently performed due to the practicality of the recommended equipment and the experiment protocol. The slump test involves the cone’s behavior under the action of gravitational forces. The slump check is a realistic way to gauge the workability. The concrete slump test and compaction factor test are used to determine the consistency of fresh concrete before it sets. This paper has focused on testing the 54 mixes having various water-cm ratios like 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.45, and 0.4. Fly ash material possesses satisfactory workability properties due to their similar oxide compositions. Due to the fineness of fly ash, less bleeding observed than control concretes.
Enabling Technologies of IoT and Challenges in Various Field Of Construction Industry in the 5G Era: A Review
Authors: Paul Sriparna , Naik Bibekananda , Kumar Bagal Dilip 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this new age, the Internet and its usefulness became the backbone of people in our everyday lives and developed a corresponding wave of technological developments. One of the latest technological upgrade developments is the Internet of Things (IoT), which attracted researchers with great interest. Using this upgraded technology, we can interact with devices via. Internet Sensors, actuators, or computers. The Internet of Things (IoT) is not a new concept in my research. We have been introducing it for decades, but incorporating IoT in the construction industry is a new exciting subject that leads us to the next Construction Industry 4.0 revolution. This paper offers an overview of IoT technology, tracks and classifies IoT Technology’s position in various fields with exclusive studies and statistics. This analysis paper also focuses on various IoT applications in contemporary -day production strategies and addresses issues related to IoT implementation in production. This study paper also identifies key points to recognise the use of virtual technologies for building operations and lays a good basis for future studies for smart construction works. Researchers are also doing their best to introduce IoT technology in the field of civil engineering in order to provide trouble-free work in construction industries and to improve productivity, as the construction industry is least digitised.
Frozen Section Quality Assurance
Authors: Laakman Joseph M , Chen Stephanie J , Lake Kim S , Blau John L , Rajan D Anand , Samuelson Megan I , Robinson Robert A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Composite frozen section turnaround time has limited value, precluding assessment of certain processes: slide preparation (technical) and diagnosis (interpretation). We examined whether measuring these elements could identify delays, hypothesizing that longer times were related to (1) inefficient technical processes and (2) case-specific diagnostic challenges.

Methods
Technical and interpretive times were determined for 1,992 specimens submitted for frozen section in 2017; the data were sorted by surgical specialty. Mean and quartile times were determined for each category with all specimens assessed equally, including those with multiple frozen section blocks.

Results
Technical times were significantly longer than interpretive times. Specialty grouping facilitated trend identification and enabled assessment of technical and interpretation challenges. We identified technical issues with certain gross specimens involving overdissection and interpretation delays for specific neoplasms and margins.

Conclusions
Measuring technical and interpretative times and subcategorizing by specialty has aided the assessment of frozen section processing in our laboratory, enabling case isolation for process improvement.
Navigating the Politics and Ethics of Hospitality: Inclusive Practice with Forced Migrants
Authors: Sidhu Ravinder K , Rossi-Sackey Donata 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlobally, forced migration has displaced 70 million people, a number set to increase in light of the social distress from the current health pandemic and ongoing climate-related disasters. Although protected from large-scale land-based movements of forced migrants, successive governments in Australia have resorted to detention and marginalisation to ‘manage’ forced migration. This context presents many challenges for social workers: they are confronted with scarce resources in their work with disenfranchised groups, while facing ‘welfare chauvinism’—a logic that locates their primary responsibilities in the welfare rights of national citizens. The article interrogates the intersectional power dynamics that inform global conventions and national policies to manage the problem of forced migration. It contrasts ‘exhausted humanitarianism’, a politically expedient rationality with ‘hospitality’. To unsettle the hold of restrictive and inhospitable practices introduced in the name of the nation, the article calls for a re-scaling of the imagination and practice of social work. It introduces the discursive figure of the social worker as a boundary spanner to locate new possibilities for inclusive practices that uphold a human rights approach to the ‘refugee problem’ in place of an exhausted humanitarianism.
Gamma subunit of complement component 8 is a neuroinflammation inhibitor
Authors: Kim Jong-Heon , Afridi Ruqayya , Han Jin , Jung Hyun-Gug , Kim Seung-Chan , Hwang Eun Mi , Shim Hyun Soo , Ryu Hoon , Choe Youngshik , Hoe Hyang-Sook , Suk Kyoungho 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe complement system is part of the innate immune system that comprises several small proteins activated by sequential cleavages. The majority of these complement components, such as components 3a (C3a) and C5a, are chemotactic and pro-inflammatory. However, in this study, we revealed an inhibitory role of complement component 8 gamma (C8G) in neuroinflammation. In patients with Alzheimer's disease, who exhibit strong neuroinflammation, we found higher C8G levels in brain tissue, CSF, and plasma. Our novel findings also showed that the expression level of C8G increases in the inflamed mouse brain, and that C8G is mainly localized to brain astrocytes. Experiments using recombinant C8G protein and shRNA-mediated knockdown showed that C8G inhibits glial hyperactivation, neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline in acute and chronic animal models of Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, we identified sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) as a novel interaction protein of C8G and demonstrated that astrocyte-derived C8G interacts with S1PR2 to antagonize the pro-inflammatory action of S1P in microglia. Taken together, our results reveal the previously unrecognized role of C8G as a neuroinflammation inhibitor. Our findings pave the way towards therapeutic containment of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease and related neurological diseases.
From “Is” to “Ought”: The Development of Normative Powers of UN Investigative Mechanisms
Authors: Le Moli G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the normative powers conferred on and exercised by 69 Investigative Mechanisms, including UN Commissions of Inquiry, Fact-Finding Missions and Independent Investigative Mechanisms established between 1963 and 2020. Relying on a dataset collected by the author including all their mandates (78) and reports (121), the article introduces an analytical framework and uses it to (i) identify the specific normative powers conferred on Investigative Mechanisms, (ii) the evolution and main step changes in these powers between 1963 and 2020, and (iii) their specific expression in actual practice in matters such as the use of terminology (violations/abuses of human rights by non-State actors), the determination of the standard of proof, the characterization of primary norms, the development of integrated accountability strategies, and the internalization of functions usually entrusted to prosecutorial mechanisms.
A curated database reveals trends in single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Svensson Valentine , da Veiga Beltrame Eduardo , Pachter Lior 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The more than 1000 single-cell transcriptomics studies that have been published to date constitute a valuable and vast resource for biological discovery. While various ‘atlas’ projects have collated some of the associated datasets, most questions related to specific tissue types, species or other attributes of studies require identifying papers through manual and challenging literature search. To facilitate discovery with published single-cell transcriptomics data, we have assembled a near exhaustive, manually curated database of single-cell transcriptomics studies with key information: descriptions of the type of data and technologies used, along with descriptors of the biological systems studied. Additionally, the database contains summarized information about analysis in the papers, allowing for analysis of trends in the field. As an example, we show that the number of cell types identified in scRNA-seq studies is proportional to the number of cells analysed.
Database URL: www.nxn.se/single-cell-studies/gui
Developing healthy weight maintenance through co-creation: a partnership with Black African migrant community in East Midlands
Authors: Ochieng Lorraine , Amaugo Lucky , Ochieng Bertha M.N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Obesity prevalence in the UK varies according to ethnicity, with children from minority ethnic groups experiencing higher levels, and yet, there is a scarcity of projects that involve minority ethnic groups in the design of interventions to promote healthy weight maintenance. This article presents an account of the involvement of the participants in a co-creation activity to design public health resources for the maintenance of healthy weight.

Methods
The material is drawn from a study that involved Black African parents (n = 30) and Health Visitors (n = 32), residing and working in the East Midlands, UK, respectively. The participants were purposely selected according to an inclusion/exclusion criterion and invited to participate in seven focus groups (FG) conducted for parents (FG-4) and health visitors (FG-3) at a time and place convenient to the participants. Following the focus groups, the Black African parents participated in three co-creation workshops.

Results
The co-creation activities involved the participants, the researcher and a nutritionist. The outcome was an African heritage eatwell guide and a framework to promote healthy weight, which was well-received when presented to members of the community and local health and social care practitioners.

Conclusion
The co-creation process went beyond giving the participant a voice in shaping the promotion of healthy weight within their community, as they also became active participants in the design and creation of the specific public health service. The approach offered the potential for improved levels of community satisfaction for a public health intervention.
A two-stage procedure for the automated identification of micro-earthquakes: implementation on single-station 3C passive seismic data
Authors: Lois A , Kopsaftopoulos F , Giannopoulos D , Polychronopoulou K , Martakis N 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose a two-step procedure for the automated detection of micro-earthquakes, using single-station, three-component passive seismic data. The first step consists of the computation of an appropriate characteristic function, along with an energy-based thresholding scheme, in order to attain an initial discrimination of the seismic noise from the ‘useful’ information. The three-component data matrix is factorized via the singular value decomposition by means of a properly selected moving window and for each step of the windowing procedure a diagonal matrix containing the estimated singular values is formed. The ${L_2}$-norm of the singular values resulting from the above-mentioned windowing process defines the time series which serves as a characteristic function. The extraction of the seismic signals from the initial record is achieved by following a histogram-based thresholding scheme. The histogram of the characteristic function, which constitutes its empirical probability density function, is estimated and the optimum threshold value is chosen corresponds to the bin that separates the above-mentioned histogram in two different areas delineating the background noise and the outliers. Since detection algorithms often suffer from false alarms, which increase in extremely noisy environments, as a second stage, we propose a new ‘decision-making’ scenario to be applied on the extracted intervals, for the purpose of decreasing the probability of false alarms. In this context, we propose a methodology, based on comparing among autoregressive models estimated both on isolated seismic noise, in addition to the detections resulting from the first stage. The performance and efficiency of the proposed technique is supported by its application to a series of experiments that were based on both synthetic and real data sets. In particular, we investigate the effectiveness of the characteristic function, along with the thresholding scheme by subjecting them to noise robustness tests using synthetic seismic noise, with different statistical characteristics and at noise levels varying from 5 down to –5 dB. Results are compared with those obtained by the implementation of a three-component version of the well-known STA/LTA algorithm to the same data set. Moreover, the proposed technique and its potential to distinguish seismic noise from the useful information through the proposed decision making scheme is evaluated, by its application to real data sets, acquired by three-component short-period recorders that were installed for monitoring the microseismic activity in areas characterized by different noise attributes.