bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is informality a barrier to sustainable development?
Authors: Özgür Gökçer , Elgin Ceyhun , Elveren Adem Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, using a novel, annual cross‐country panel dataset that covers 160 economies from 1950 to 2016, we examine the association between the size of the informal sector and various indicators of sustainable development. The range of indicators encompasses health‐related, economic, environmental, education, and social variables. Our results suggest that the size of the informal sector is negatively associated with GDP per capita, carbon dioxide emissions per capita, education, educational attainment, life expectancy, and access to safe drinking water, and positively related to female labor force participation rate, poverty rates, mortality rates, and air pollution. We also find that these empirical associations significantly interact with GDP per capita, indicating that the effect of larger informal sector size is stronger in less developed economies.
Is sustainable development reasonable for tourism destinations? An empirical study of the relationship between environmental competitiveness and tourism growth
Authors: Zhu Liang , Zhan Lingxue , Li Shaobo (Kevin) 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSustainable development is an important strategy promoted by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and governments of many destinations. However, the seeming contradiction about the environment vis‐à‐vis business interests may result in noncompliant responses to the environmental policies and regulations and hinder implementation of strategies for improved sustainability. Using resource‐based theory, we empirically test the influence of environmental competitiveness on tourism growth. Using a biennial dataset from 130 destinations between 2009 and 2017, the current work applies the fixed effect (FE) and threshold models to identify a strong link for developed destinations but a weak link for less developed regions. Several indicators of environmental competitiveness significantly affect tourism demand for destinations with high GDP per capita; the effects are not significant, however, for low GDP per capita destinations. These findings demonstrate that environmental factors are important influencers of destination competitiveness and are positively linked to economic performance of developed destinations. The connection between environmental competitiveness and tourism growth in less developed destinations seems weak and insignificant. A possible reason could be that such destinations lack the capital guarantee to translate environmental competitiveness into tourism demand. This article extends the resource‐based theory from the corporate level into the destination level and theoretically contributes to the sustainable tourism literature. Our findings provide the UNWTO and destination governments with empirical evidence to support their sustainable strategies and with suggestions concerning how to strengthen the environment‐performance link for less developed destinations.
Modal Frustration and Periodicity Breaking in Artificial Spin Ice
Authors: Puttock Robert , Manzin Alessandra , Neu Volker , Garcia‐Sanchez Felipe , Fernandez Scarioni Alexander , Schumacher Hans W. , Kazakova Olga 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHere, an artificial spin ice lattice is introduced that exhibits unique Ising and non‐Ising behavior under specific field switching protocols because of the inclusion of coupled nanomagnets into the unit cell. In the Ising regime, a magnetic switching mechanism that generates a uni‐ or bimodal distribution of states dependent on the alignment of the field is demonstrated with respect to the lattice unit cell. In addition, a method for generating a plethora of randomly distributed energy states across the lattice, consisting of Ising and Landau states, is investigated through magnetic force microscopy and micromagnetic modeling. It is demonstrated that the dispersed energy distribution across the lattice is a result of the intrinsic design and can be finely tuned through control of the incident angle of a critical field. The present manuscript explores a complex frustrated environment beyond the 16‐vertex Ising model for the development of novel logic‐based technologies.
Optimized Kinetics Match and Charge Balance Toward Potassium Ion Hybrid Capacitors with Ultrahigh Energy and Power Densities
Authors: Peng Yufan , Zhang Rui , Fan Binbin , Li Weijian , Chen Zhen , Liu Hui , Gao Peng , Ni Shibing , Liu Jilei , Chen Xiaohua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPotassium ion hybrid capacitors (PIHCs) are of particular interest benefiting from high energy/power densities. However, challenges lie in the kinetic mismatch between battery‐type anode and capacitive‐type cathode, as well as the difficulty in achieving optimized charge/mass balance. These significantly sacrifice the electrochemical performance of PIHCs. Here, strategies including charge/mass balance pursuance, electrolyte optimization, and tailored electrode design, are employed, together, to address these challenges. The key parameters determining the energy storage properties of PIHCs are identified. Specifically, i) the good kinetic match between anode and cathode translates into the very small variation of cathode/anode mass ratio at various rates. This sets general rules for the pursuance of charge balance, and to maximize the electrochemical performance of hybrid devices. ii) A potassium bis(fluoroslufonyl)imide (KFSI)‐based electrolyte promotes better electrode kinetics and allows for the formation of more stable and intact solid electrolyte interphase layer, with respect to potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF6)‐based electrolyte. And iii) hierarchically porous N/O codoped carbon nanosheets (NOCSs) with enlarged interlayer spacing, disordered structure, and abundant pyridinic‐N functional groups are advantageous in terms of high electronic/ionic transport dynamics and structural stability. All these together, contribute to the high energy/power density of the activated carbon//NOCSs PIHCs (113.4 Wh kg−1, at 17,000 W Kg−1).
The coordinates of scaling: Facilitating inclusive innovation
Authors: Sánchez Rodríguez Ana María , MacLachlan Malcolm , Brus Aude 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe desire to ensure that the benefits of successful small‐scale social innovation are more widely available has led to a plethora of frameworks that seek to scale such innovations. We review 20 extant frameworks for scaling and distinguished four directions: up (producing changes in laws, policies, institutions or norms), down (resource allocation to support implementation), in (ensuring organizations have the capacity to deliver the type and number of good practices required) and out (geographically replicating or broadening the range or scope of good practices). In addition to these directions of scaling a generic pathway, or process, to achieve scaling is also discernible across many of the frameworks reviewed. This involves five phases: identifying, planning, implementing, learning and adapting. We stress the need for a more dynamic and systemic approach to scaling, as well as one which anticipates, addresses and assesses the extent to which scaling is inclusive of marginalized groups.
Instandsetzung der Eisenbahnüberführung über den Main in Stockstadt – Austausch der Vorlandbrücken in Rekordzeit
Authors: Adomeit Roland , Springer Johannes , Hanf Manfred , Groneberg‐Kloft Beatrix , Berndorfer Claus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDer Austausch der Vorlandbrücken der Eisenbahnbrücke über den Main bei Stockstadt ist in vielerlei Hinsicht ein bemerkenswertes Projekt. Die jeweils über drei Felder durchlaufenden Vorlandbrückenbauwerke auf der Seite Mainaschaff sowie auf der Seite Stockstadt mussten aufgrund vorhandener Schäden im Rahmen einer Sofortmaßnahme ausgetauscht werden. Aufgrund des sehr kurzen Realisierungszeitraums geschah dies mit bewährten, an Zwillingsträgerhilfsbrücken angelehnten Konstruktionen. Neben einem kurzen Rückblick auf die Geschichte des Bauwerks berichtet der vorliegende Beitrag über Besonderheiten der Statik, der Konstruktion und der Montage der neuen Vorlandbrücken. Dabei wird u. a. auf die Herausforderungen dieses Projekts wie die extrem kurze Planungs‐ und Realisierungszeit von nur sieben Monaten von Februar bis August 2019 sowie auf die Wiederverwendung der vorhandenen Lager eingegangen.
Ultrasonic‐Assisted Preparation of Maize Starch–Caffeic Acid Complex: Physicochemical and Digestion Properties
Authors: Li Junhui , Tian Lei , Fang Yizhou , Chen Wenwei , Hunag Guangrong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs an energy‐saving and effective physical method, ultrasound technologies are gaining research attention for the production of modified starches. Corn starch–caffeic acid complexes are prepared via ultrasound process, and the effect of ultrasound power on the physicochemical properties and in vitro digestion of the complexes is investigated. The results of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and the amount of complexes analysis indicate that ultrasound can help with the formation of starch–caffeic acid complexes, and the amount of caffeic acid in complexes depended on the ultrasound power. Scanning electron microscopy shows starch–caffeic acid complexes exhibit obvious dense network structure with increasing ultrasound power. X‐ray diffraction results indicate the presence of V‐type crystalline polymorph between starch and caffeic acid under high power of ultrasound irradiation. The starch–caffeic acid complexes can significantly inhibit the swelling power of starch granules at high temperature and increase the solubility of starch granules. Furthermore, the in vitro digestion of starch–caffeic acid complexes is estimated, and the result shows that the resulting complexes from ultrasound have lower digestion properties. Taken together, it is proposed that ultrasound technology is an effective method for preparation of starch complexes with potential as a functional food and drug delivery system.
Effect of Calcium‐Fortified Potato Starch on Cecal Fermentation and Fat Accumulation in Rats
Authors: Nagata Ryuji , Taneda Kotomi , Pelpolage Samanthi Wathsala , Bochimoto Hiroki , Fukuma Naoki , Shimada Kenichiro , Tani Masayuki , Han Kyu‐Ho , Fukushima Michihiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCalcium‐fortified potato starch (Ca‐PS) is fed to rats for four weeks, and the effects on cecal fermentation and lipid metabolism are evaluated. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum in rat cecum is higher in the PS and Ca‐PS groups than in the control group. Cecal acetate content is higher in the Ca‐PS group than in the control, high‐amylose cornstarch (HAS), and PS groups, and is positively correlated with the relative abundance of B. pseudolongum. The relative abundance of the Clostridiaceae family is higher in the PS and Ca‐PS groups than in the control and HAS groups, and is positively correlated with the cecal n‐butyrate content and the molar proportion of n‐butyrate in total‐SCFA. Furthermore, the consumption of PS and Ca‐PS reduces the serum and hepatic triglyceride levels and mesenteric adipocyte area in rats. Therefore, Ca‐PS may have beneficial effects that enhance cecal fermentation, especially in terms of cecal acetate production, which further suppresses fat accumulation. This is the first study to report the physiological effects of Ca‐PS.
Idle chatter or compelling conversation? The potential of the social media‐based #NGSSchat network for supporting science education reform efforts
Authors: Rosenberg Joshua M. , Reid Joshua W. , Dyer Elizabeth B. , J. Koehler Matthew , Fischer Christian , McKenna Thomas J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) chat (#NGSSchat) is a social media‐based professional network used to discuss topics related to the NGSS in the United States. While successful reforms involve and coordinate the work of multiple stakeholders, recent research points out a striking lack of coordination between the individuals working in different educational roles—to the detriment of intended changes in the system. In this study, we analyzed more than 7,000 posts from individuals participating in #NGSSchat on Twitter (n = 247) during 2 years of 1‐hr synchronous discussions. We studied the depth and types of conversations that took place, the extent to which the involvement of teachers, administrators, researchers, and organizations was balanced, and what explains participation in the network over time. Using a mixed‐methods approach involving social network analysis, we found that conversations were primarily transactional, or social, and substantive, or providing opportunities for sense‐making about the standards or for participants to transform their practice and that individuals from diverse roles participated, with teachers comprising the plurality of those involved. Additionally, researchers, administrators, and teachers were the most active in the network, with no differences in both initiating, or sending, and being the recipients of, or receiving, replies as a part of conversations. Finally, we found that being a teacher or administrator, as well as receiving replies from individuals who were important in the network, were positively related to sustained involvement in the network in the following year. We discuss how #NGSSchat—as a social media‐based professional network—demonstrates similar features in other effective networks, and how social media‐based networks invite new visions for how to implement ambitious, large‐scale changes in science education.
AC‐coupled gate driver with gate current switch under single power supply for normally‐off SiC JFET
Authors: Sakamoto Kozo , Yokoyama Natsuki , Hozoji Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

Theoretically, normally‐off silicon carbide (SiC) junction field‐effect transistors (JFETs) do not require a negative gate voltage supply because they are in an off‐state when the gate–source voltage is 0 V. However, most gate drivers for normally‐off SiC JFETs require not only a positive power supply for turning on the JFET but also a negative power supply for turning it off and maintaining a negative gate–source voltage to suppress a false turn‐on power loss caused by crosstalk during fast switching. Therefore, modifications of gate drivers increase complications and costs. In this study, a normally‐off SiC JFET gate driver, which can be realized using a simple circuit configuration with a single power supply, is proposed. To minimize undesirable crosstalk, the gate‐source voltage of the JFET is driven to a negative value and retained in the state for a long period of time. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Inorganic arsenic‐mediated upregulation of AS3MT promotes proliferation of nonsmall cell lung cancer cells by regulating cell cycle genes
Authors: Sun Mingjun , Tan Jingwen , Wang Mengjie , Wen Weihua , He Yuefeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLong‐term arsenic exposure can promote cancer through epigenetic mechanisms, and arsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT) plays an important role in this process. However, the expression patterns and mechanisms of AS3MT in arsenic carcinogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we found that the AS3MT was overexpressed in arsenic exposed population, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, and A549 cells with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) treatment for 48 hours. Besides, the level of AS3MT expression was positively correlated with the concentrations of urinary total arsenic (tAs), inorganic arsenic (iAs), methanearsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in all subjects. Functional experiments demonstrated that siRNA‐mediated knockdown of AS3MT significantly inhibited proliferation of A549 cells. Mechanism investigation revealed that silencing of AS3MT inhibited proliferation by increasing mRNA expression levels of p21 and E2F1, and inhibiting CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, Cyclin A2, Cyclin E1, Cyclin E2, and PCNA mRNA expression. Therefore, arsenic increased AS3MT expression in vivo and in vitro, which could directly act on the cell and affect the progression of NSCLC by regulating cell cycle genes.
The macro and micro of chromosome conformation capture
Authors: Goel Viraat Y. , Hansen Anders S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe 3D organization of the genome facilitates gene regulation, replication, and repair, making it a key feature of genomic function and one that remains to be properly understood. Over the past two decades, a variety of chromosome conformation capture (3C) methods have delineated genome folding from megabase‐scale compartments and topologically associating domains (TADs) down to kilobase‐scale enhancer‐promoter interactions. Understanding the functional role of each layer of genome organization is a gateway to understanding cell state, development, and disease. Here, we discuss the evolution of 3C‐based technologies for mapping 3D genome organization. We focus on genomics methods and provide a historical account of the development from 3C to Hi‐C. We also discuss ChIP‐based techniques that focus on 3D genome organization mediated by specific proteins, capture‐based methods that focus on particular regions or regulatory elements, 3C‐orthogonal methods that do not rely on restriction digestion and proximity ligation, and methods for mapping the DNA–RNA and RNA–RNA interactomes. We consider the biological discoveries that have come from these methods, examine the mechanistic contributions of CTCF, cohesin, and loop extrusion to genomic folding, and detail the 3D genome field's current understanding of nuclear architecture. Finally, we give special consideration to Micro‐C as an emerging frontier in chromosome conformation capture and discuss recent Micro‐C findings uncovering fine‐scale chromatin organization in unprecedented detail.This article is categorized under:
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics
Stochastic Population Forecasting: A Bayesian Approach Based on Evaluation by Experts
Authors: Graziani Rebecca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe suggest a procedure for deriving expert based stochastic population forecasts within the Bayesian approach. According to the traditional and commonly used cohort-component model, the inputs of the forecasting procedures are the fertility and mortality age schedules along with the distribution of migrants by age. Age schedules and distributions are derived from summary indicators, such as total fertility rates, male and female life expectancy at birth, and male and female number of immigrants and emigrants. The joint distributions of all summary indicators are obtained based on evaluations by experts, elicited according to a conditional procedure that makes it possible to derive information on the centres of the indicators, their variability, their across-time correlations, and the correlations between the indicators. The forecasting method is based on a mixture model within the Supra-Bayesian approach that treats the evaluations by experts as data and the summary indicators as parameters. The derived posterior distributions are used as forecast distributions of the summary indicators of interest. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm is designed to approximate such posterior distributions.
A Three-Component Approach to Model and Forecast Age-at-Death Distributions
Authors: Basellini Ugofilippo , Camarda Carlo Giovanni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMortality forecasting has recently received growing interest, as accurate projections of future lifespans are needed to ensure the solvency of insurance and pension providers. Several innovative stochastic methodologies have been proposed in most recent decades, the majority of them being based on age-specific mortality rates or on summary measures of the life table. The age-at-death distribution is an informative life-table function that provides readily available information on the mortality pattern of a population, yet it has been mostly overlooked for mortality projections. In this chapter, we propose to analyse and forecast mortality developments over age and time by introducing a novel methodology based on age-at-death distributions. Our approach starts from a nonparametric decomposition of the mortality pattern into three independent components corresponding to Childhood, Early-Adulthood and Senescence, respectively. We then model the evolution of each component-specific death density with a relational model that associates a time-invariant standard to a series of observed distributions by means of a transformation of the age axis. Our approach allows us to capture mortality developments over age and time, and forecasts can be derived from parameters’ extrapolation using standard time series models. We illustrate our methods by estimating and forecasting the mortality pattern of females and males in two high-longevity countries using data of the Human Mortality Database. We compare the forecast accuracy of our model and its projections until 2050 with three other forecasting methodologies.
Antihypertensiva in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Endres Katharina , Schiller Ernst , Haen Ekkehard 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Psychisch Kranke haben ein erhöhtes kardiovaskuläres Mortalitätsrisiko. Zur Prophylaxe und Therapie von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen werden insbesondere Antihypertensiva eingesetzt. In Kombination mit Psychopharmaka resultiert ein Interaktionspotenzial, wodurch das Erreichen therapeutischer Ziele beeinträchtigt werden kann.

Ziel
Das Verordnungsverhalten bei Antihypertensiva in psychiatrischen Kliniken und Praxen im deutschsprachigen Raum sowie das Interaktionspotenzial mit Psychopharmaka soll untersucht werden.

Methoden
Es erfolgte eine Auswertung der AGATE-„Stichtags“-Datenbank, welche anonym die Patientendaten Alter, Geschlecht, psychiatrische Hauptdiagnose sowie die verordneten Handelspräparate enthält. Die Auswertung der möglichen Interaktionen erfolgte mit PSIAC.

Ergebnisse
Zwischen 01.01.2012 und 31.12.2016 wiesen 27 % aller 21.980 erfassten Patienten eine Verordnung für mindestens ein Antihypertensivum auf, wobei der Anteil mit dem Alter auf 72 % bei den über 80-Jährigen anstieg. 48 % der antihypertensiv Behandelten erhielten eine blutdrucksenkende Monotherapie. Mit dem Alter stieg die Bedeutung der antihypertensiven Kombinationstherapie. Insgesamt wurden den Patienten im Median 7 Wirkstoffe verordnet, wodurch mathematisch 21 Interaktionen resultieren. Durch eine gleichzeitige Gabe von Psychopharmaka und Blutdrucksenkern kann es vor allem zu einem erhöhten Risiko für Hypotonie, unzureichende Blutdrucksenkung oder QTc-Zeitverlängerung kommen.

Diskussion
Antihypertensiva haben einen hohen Stellenwert bei der Behandlung psychiatrischer Patienten. Eine Interaktionsprüfung sollte durchgeführt werden, wenn die Pharmakotherapie ergänzt oder verändert werden soll. Allenfalls sollten Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit erwogen werden.
A Stothers–Mason theorem with a difference radical
Authors: Ishizaki Katsuya , Korhonen Risto , Li Nan , Tohge Kazuya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDifferential calculus is not a unique way to observe polynomial equations such as $$a+b=c$$

a
+
b
=
c

. We propose a way of applying difference calculus to estimate multiplicities of the roots of the polynomials a, b and c satisfying the equation above. Then a difference abc theorem for polynomials is proved using a new notion of a radical of a polynomial. Results, for example, on the non-existence of polynomial solutions to difference Fermat and difference Super-Fermat functional equations are given as applications. We also introduce a truncated second main theorem for differences, and use it to consider these functional equations with non-polynomial entire solutions. Equations with polynomial or non-polynomial solutions are observed to see the sharpness of results obtained.