bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The older adult: Associated fire risks and current challenges for the development of future fire safety intervention strategies
Authors: Cassidy Peter , McConnell Nigel , Boyce Karen 
Published: March 2020

SummaryResearch has highlighted that older people, that is, those aged 60 and over, are over‐represented in fatal fire statistics across the globe. The aim of this study was to investigate the circumstances surrounding fatal fires involving older people and examine the role of individuals and agencies that are in contact with the most vulnerable and how they can be involved in reducing fire risk. The study was conducted in two phases. Firstly, a retrospective analysis was conducted of the circumstances surrounding 99 accidental fatal dwelling fires involving 100 older people during a 20‐year period. Results suggested that most fires ignited in the living room or the bedroom and these were also the most common locations of the fatalities. The most common causes of the fire were smoking materials, hot coals, cooking and electrical faults and the majority of older fire fatalities had a smoke alarm which operated. Importantly, there was evidence of regular contact between the fatality and at least one other individual from the community prior to the fire. For this reason, the second phase of the research involved focus groups with friends, relatives, neighbours and carers of older people with a view to understanding their attitudes and experiences with regard to fire safety. Overall, the focus groups provided evidence that those in contact with older people regularly observe fire risks in the homes of older people. In addition, gaps were evident in the fire safety knowledge, not only of older people, but also for those assisting older people. In light of the findings, this article also considers the core messages that should be included in any potential future fire safety intervention strategies aimed at the older adult.
Effective SNP ranking improves the performance of eQTL mapping
Authors: Jeng X. Jessie , Rhyne Jacob , Zhang Teng , Tzeng Jung‐Ying 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGenome‐wide expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) mapping explores the relationship between gene expression and DNA variants, such as single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), to understand genetic basis of human diseases. Due to the large number of genes and SNPs that need to be assessed, current methods for eQTL mapping often suffer from low detection power, especially for identifying trans‐eQTLs. In this paper, we propose the idea of performing SNP ranking based on the higher criticism statistic, a summary statistic developed in large‐scale signal detection. We illustrate how the HC‐based SNP ranking can effectively prioritize eQTL signals over noise, greatly reduce the burden of joint modeling, and improve the power for eQTL mapping. Numerical results in simulation studies demonstrate the superior performance of our method compared to existing methods. The proposed method is also evaluated in HapMap eQTL data analysis and the results are compared to a database of known eQTLs.
Signaling pathways of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms exposed to xenobiotics
Authors: Silvestre Frédéric 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOxidative stress is frequently generated in cells of organisms exposed to environmental pollutants. The production of reactive oxygen species can have either adaptive or maladaptive consequences for the organism as well as for the entire population. However, regarding fish species and other invertebrates exposed to aquatic xenobiotics, the signaling pathways of oxidative stress still lacks a comprehensive characterization. After reviewing the recent literature, we show that important pathways described in mammals are also activated in aquatic species in response to a variety of xenobiotics. A central actor is the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, which regulates the expression of ARE‐driven genes including Gr, Gpx, or Cat. Other important activated pathways concern PPAR, MAPKs, NF‐κB, and even AhR. Moreover, the autophagy and apoptosis pathways are also involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Importantly, there exists crosstalks between these pathways, which together activate a complex cellular antioxidative machinery in response to different xenobiotics. However, our knowledge of these responses in aquatic organisms is still fragmentary. Efforts should be made to extend the number of studied species and better characterize the organ‐dependency and age‐dependency of the responses. However, the huge number and variety of chemicals present in the environment makes the task difficult. Deciphering these key pathways can help to understand the mode of action of pollutants and consequently help to assess the environmental risk in aquatic ecosystems.
Jai (rest), Chai (tea) and Wi‐Fi: Exploring Feasibility of Mobile Language Learning App for Asylum Seekers in Greater Athens
Authors: Husain Matt M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper problematizes asylum seekers' social, economic and cultural experiences in Greater Athens and explored how their lack of proficiency in the Greek language impede gaining a foothold. A preliminary, multisited observational investigation was conducted based on interdisciplinary approach. The empirical findings based on 21 informal interviews at two day camps indicate asylum seekers face acute linguistic issues. In addition, lack of reliable and consistent translators frequently deepens communication challenges. The transcultural findings also suggest mobile language learning technology can assist the asylum seekers, as well as the non‐governmental organization personnel to overcome communication barriers. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to train and evaluate minimally invasive pancreas surgery
Authors: Vining Charles C. , Hogg Melissa E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTraining for minimally invasive pancreas surgery is critical as an evolving body of literature supports its use with acceptable outcomes during training and improved short term outcomes following completion. Although case volume needed to achieve mastery remains unclear, improved outcomes for both laparoscopic and robotic pancreatectomy are demonstrated following a learning curve and inflection point. Therefore, dedicated training curricula for both laparoscopic and robotic pancreatectomy have been developed to mitigate this learning curve and improve outcomes.
Validated ecofriendly chromatographic method for quantitative determination of anti‐migraine quaternary mixture
Authors: Farid Nehal F. , Naguib Ibrahim A. , Abdelhamid Nessreen S. , Anwar Basma H. , Magdy Maimana A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel ecofriendly, cost and time saving high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of metoclopramide, ergotamine, caffeine, and paracetamol in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The separation was carried out on silica gel plates, using ethyl acetate:ethanol:ammonia (9:1:0.1, v/v/v) as a developing system. Ultraviolet detection was carried out at 272 nm. The resulting retention times were 0.15, 0.36, 0.49, and 0.74 min for metoclopramide, ergotamine, caffeine, and paracetamol, respectively. The greenness profile assessment was achieved to the proposed method to evaluate its greenness characters to the environment with acceptable results. Validation parameters were checked according to International Conference of Harmonization guidelines to achieve the international requirements for quality control analysis of the proposed drugs.
Experiences of Sexual Harassment, Stalking, and Sexual Assault During Military Service Among LGBT and Non‐LGBT Service Members
Authors: Schuyler Ashley C. , Klemmer Cary , Mamey Mary Rose , Schrager Sheree M. , Goldbach Jeremy T. , Holloway Ian W. , Castro Carl Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSexual victimization, including sexual harassment and assault, remains a persistent problem in the U.S. military. Service members identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) may face enhanced risk, but existing research is limited. We examined experiences of sexual harassment, stalking, and sexual assault victimization during service in a sample of LGBT and non‐LGBT active duty service members. Service members who identified as LGBT (n = 227 LGB, n = 56 transgender) or non‐LGBT (n = 276) were recruited using respondent‐driven sampling for an online survey. Logistic regression models examined the correlates of sexual and stalking victimization. Victimization was common among LGBT service members, including sexual harassment (80.7% LGB, 83.9% transgender), stalking (38.6% LGB, 30.4% transgender), and sexual assault (25.7% LGB, 30.4% transgender). In multivariable models, LGB identity remained a significant predictor of sexual harassment, OR = 4.14, 95% CI [2.21, 7.78]; stalking, OR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.27, 3.11]; and assault, OR = 2.07, 95% CI [1.25, 3.41]. A significant interaction between LGB identity and sex at birth, OR = 0.34, 95% CI [0.13, 0.88], suggests an elevated sexual harassment risk among male, but not female, LGB service members. Transgender identity predicted sexual harassment and assault at the bivariate level only. These findings suggest that LGBT service members remain at an elevated risk of sexual and/or stalking victimization. As the military works toward more integration and acceptance of LGBT service members, insight into victimization experiences can inform tailored research and intervention approaches aimed at prevention and care for victims.
Dietary history of two human individuals at the Yingpanshan site, Sichuan Province, revealed by carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of serial samples of dentinal collagen
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Yi , Lin Kuei‐Chen , Chen Jian , Czermak Andrea 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInstead of the conventional approach to sectioning tooth dentine horizontally for isotope analysis, a new serial sampling strategy has been developed recently. This new method considers the developmental direction of growth lines in dentine when samples are sectioned. It can therefore provide more precise and detailed information about an individual's dietary history, including breastfeeding/weaning patterns, infant feeding experiences, and dietary shifts throughout the early life of an individual. In order to enhance our understanding of human groups in ancient Sichuan, it is practical and necessary to apply this new technique to archaeological samples from this region.In this study, carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of bone and serial dentinal collagen from two Yingpanshan human individuals (M32 and M40) were analysed and compared, in order to reveal the dietary history during their lifetime. Results indicate that their long‐term averaged diets after childhood consisted of both C3 and C4‐type foods, predominantly the former. The contribution of animal protein to the childhood diet of individual M40, between the ages of 3.0 and 7.5, was similar to his long‐term averaged diet after childhood. He had also consumed more millets during the childhood. By comparison, individual M32 consumed more animal protein and likely also more C3‐type foods between the ages of 4.5 and 13.5 than after childhood. Little variations in δ15N dentinal collagen of each individual suggest that the relative consumption of animal to plant foods in their respective diets was more or less consistent in their childhood. However, the larger variations in the δ13C values of dentine samples show that the proportion of C3 and C4‐plant foods in their respective diets varied at different phases in their childhood. The variations are probably related to environmental factors and/or human behaviour. The dietary history and weaning practices revealed by using this technique also indicate that the two individuals might have been non‐locals or received some foods that originated from the outside.
Ear infection prevalence in prehistoric and historic populations of the southern Levant: A new diagnostic method
Authors: Floreanova Katarina , Gilat Efrat , Koren Ilan , May Hila 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStudying infectious diseases in ancient times is of significant importance to our understanding of past populations' ways of life. Otitis media (OM) is beneficial for this purpose because it is frequent and influenced by environmental conditions. The aims of the current study were to create a reliable criterion for identifying OM in skeletal material, and to follow trends regarding the prevalence of OM throughout the terminal Pleistocene–Holocene Levant.Complete petrous bones of 229 individuals from six populations of the terminal Pleistocene–Holocene Levant (14,900 cal bp–1,917 ad) were included in the study. The promontory of the middle ear was examined using a flexible videoscope and a microscope. The observations were validated by micro‐computed tomography (CT) images. The absence or presence of bone remodelling on the promontory surface was registered as well as the appearance of the promontory sulcus (open or covered). Kappa tests were carried out to examine intra‐ and inter‐observer variation. Chi‐squared tests were carried out to examine the association between promontory appearance and period as well as the association between the presence of bone remodelling and the sulcus type.The suggested criteria were found to be reliable. A fluctuation in the prevalence of bone remodelling on the promontory surface was found during the studied period. The highest prevalence (80%) was among the protohistoric populations, followed by the prehistoric populations (~60.6%), and finally, the historic populations (~50.4%). The types of promontory sulcus remained relatively stable during the studied period. Moreover, no significant association was found between the presence of bone remodelling on the promontory surface and the sulcus type.To conclude, bone remodelling on the promontory surface is a new, simple, and reliable method to identify OM in skeletal material. However, promontory sulcus type is most likely not associated with OM. The fluctuations in OM prevalence during the Holocene Levant were probably due to habitation type and climate conditions.
Real‐world persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management and the SaxendaCare® patient support program
Authors: Wharton Sean , Haase Christiane L , Kamran Elham , Liu Aiden , Mancini Johanna , Neish Drew , Pakseresht Arash , Power G Sarah , Christensen Rebecca AG 
Published: March 2020

SummaryObjectiveWeight management medications can significantly increase patients' chances of achieving a clinically meaningful weight loss if patients persist with treatment. This retrospective observational study of de‐identified medical records of 311 patients is the first real‐world study examining persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg in Canada, and also investigates associations between the SaxendaCare® patient support program and persistence and weight loss.MethodsOverall persistence was assessed, as well as associations of enrollment in SaxendaCare®, persistence and weight loss.ResultsOverall mean (standard deviation) persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg was 6.3 (4.1) months, and 67.5% (n = 210) and 53.7% (n = 167) of patients persisted for ≥4 and ≥ 6 months, respectively. Enrollment in SaxendaCare® was associated with significantly longer persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg and greater weight loss. Patients enrolled in SaxendaCare® (n = 119) persisted for 7.9 (4.0) versus 5.2 (3.8) months for those not enrolled (n = 184) (p < 0.001), and had significantly greater percent weight loss after 6 months regardless of the duration of their persistence (−7.9% vs −5.5% from baseline, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that, in clinical settings, persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg can exceed 6 months, and that enrolling in SaxendaCare® may be associated with comparatively longer persistence and, regardless of persistence, greater weight loss.
Three‐dimensional organization of the cytoskeleton: A cryo‐electron tomography perspective
Authors: Chakraborty Saikat , Jasnin Marion , Baumeister Wolfgang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTraditionally, structures of cytoskeletal components have been studied ex situ, that is, with biochemically purified materials. There are compelling reasons to develop approaches to study them in situ in their native functional context. In recent years, cryo‐electron tomography emerged as a powerful method for visualizing the molecular organization of unperturbed cellular landscapes with the potential to attain near‐atomic resolution. Here, we review recent works on the cytoskeleton using cryo‐electron tomography, demonstrating the power of in situ studies. We also highlight the potential of this method in addressing important questions pertinent to the field of cytoskeletal biomechanics.
The Development of Mesoporous Ni‐Based Catalysts and Evaluation of Their Catalytic and Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Kour Sharanmeet , Mishra Ankit , Sinha Anil , Kaur Pawandeep , Singh Hari 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPorous Ni‐based catalysts have attracted extensive attention for a wide range of applications in energy production and environmental remediation due to controllable morphology, high dispersion. These properties are mainly governed by a number of parameters such as compositions, synthesis methods, their structural morphology, and surface area. Various efforts have made to develop unsupported template‐assisted catalysts with specific nanostructures and surface properties, a new approach in supramolecular chemistry. This review reports a detailed overview of the development of mesoporous nickel‐based catalysts for energy and environmental applications. This review also looks at recent advancements, synthesis routes for porous nickel‐based catalysts, and comparative study with the reported Ni‐based catalysts. This review addresses numerous characteristic reactions and processes in the utilization of organic wastes, highlighting the significance of developing porous, proficient, and stable Ni‐based catalysts.
Crystal and Quantum Chemical Exploration of the Potent Monocarbonyl Curcuminoids to Unveil Their Structural and Intriguing Electronic Properties
Authors: Ali Akbar , Din Zia Ud , Khalid Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Rodrigues‐Filho Edson , Ali Bakhat , Asim Sumreen , Muhammad Shabbir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe two isomeric trifluoromethane and nitro containing monocarbonylcurcuminoids: (1E,4E)‐2‐methyl‐1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐(4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)penta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐one (DI‐MNTDO ) and (1E,4E)‐2‐methyl‐5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)penta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐one (MO‐MNTDO)have been prepared by two consecutive aldol condensation reactions. The chemical structures of the DI‐MNTDO and MO‐MNTDO have been determined using X‐ray crystallographic and spectrometric methods. The single crystal X‐Ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) data reveals that DI‐MNTDO contains two geometrically different molecules in the asymmetric unit, while, MO‐MNTDO contains one molecule in the asymmetric unit. Additionally, molecular geometric parameters, vibrational spectral analysis, as well as electronic properties of the above‐mentioned molecules have been studied utilizing DFT/B3LYP/6‐31G (d, p) approach. The UV‐Vis spectral analysis was performed utilizing the time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) with the same level. The natural bond orbitals (NBOs) investigation has been carried out at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) approach to explain the intramolecular hyper conjugative interactions. A plausible concurrence is acquired between experimental and theoretical findings. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) have been achieved by above‐mentioned level of theory. Subsequently, the global reactivity parameters are calculated using the energies of FMOs. The chemical potential (μ) order: [MO‐MNTDO (μ=‐5.0785 eV)] < [DI‐MNTDO (μ=‐4.9465 eV)]. The obtained findings in context of stability as well as reactivity indicate that DI‐MNTDO is more stable and less reactive as compared to MO‐MNTDO.
A Catalyst of Pd@MIL‐101@SGO Catalyzes Epoxidation and Hydroxymethoxylation Tandem Reactions of Styrene
Authors: Tang Hong , Zhou Mei‐Li , Li Xin , Zhang Yu‐Yang , Han Zheng‐Bo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBrönsted acid and metal nanoparticles are important catalytic functional groups. In this work, a bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst with both strong Brönsted acid and metal nanoparticles was prepared. First Brönsted acid groups were obtained by sulfonating graphene oxide, next metal organic frameworks MIL‐101 (Cr) grew on sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO), then palladium nanoparticles (NPs) were encapsulated in MIL‐101@SGO composites. The catalyst was characterized by a variety of different techniques including XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, FT‐IR, TGA, and nitrogen physisorption measurements. Tandem heterogeneous catalysis of Pd@MIL‐101@SGO was investigated for the one‐pot direct conversion of styrene into β‐alkoxy alcohol. The catalyst retained high catalytic activity after 5 times of reuses in aqueous solutions. No loss of crystal structure was detected by PXRD and no leakage of Pd was detected by ICP‐AES. Therefore, Pd@MIL‐101@SGO proved to be an effective recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for synthesizing β‐alkoxy alcohol and exhibited potential application in industry.
Determination of Carmoisine onto Carbon‐Paste Electrode Modified by Silica Impregnated with Cetylpyridinium Chloride
Authors: Chebotarev Alexander N. , Pliuta Konstantin V. , Snigur Denys V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper a simple, cheap and sensitive electrochemical sensor for determination of Carmoisine in soft drinks was developed. Carmoisine is a synthetic azo dye which is used in food products. In this work effective voltammetric sensor based on carbon‐paste electrode modified by silica impregnated with cetylpyridinium chloride to increase the sensitivity of Carmoisine detection was proposed. The voltammetric behavior of Carmoisine, the number of protons and electrons involved in the oxidation process were studied. The probable mechanism of Carmoisine oxidation on the developed sensor was suggested. The optimal conditions for the square‐wave voltammetric determination of Carmoisine onto developed sensor were found to be: pH=2; Eads=400 mV; tads=300s; A=50 mV; ν=25 Hz, υ=100 mV/s. The calibration curve was linear in the range of Carmoisine concentrations 0,08‐1 μM. The proposed method was successfully tested in the analysis of Carmoisine in soft drinks with RSD not more than 5%.
Electrochemical Fabrication of Copper and Tin Micro‐Crystals from a Protic Ionic Liquid Medium
Authors: Bhujbal Akshay Vilas , Rout Alok , Venkatesan Konda A. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNew protic ionic liquid, namely 1‐Methylpiperidinium trifluoromethane sulphonate [HmPip][OTf] was synthesized and employed for the dissolution of Cu and Sn metal precursors followed by the electrodeposition process of the subsequent metals. The cyclic voltammogram of [HmPip][OTf], CuCl2 (80 mM) in [HmPip][OTf] and SnCl2 (65 mM) in [HmPip][OTf] phase recorded at glassy carbon electrode (working electrode), with the glassy carbon as counter and platinum as the reference electrode. The CV indicates that Cu2+ underwent two‐step one‐electron transfer, whereas Sn2+ reduced via one step two‐electron transfer. The diffusion coefficient of Cu1+, Cu2+ and Sn2+ ions in [HmPip][OTf] phase were evaluated by the CV method. The experimental temperature and the scan rate were set at 353 K and 110 mV/s respectively. Electrodeposition of Cu and Sn was done at their corresponding reduction potential determined from cyclic voltammetry. Spectroscopic investigation of the deposits obtained after electrodeposition is done by SEM‐EDX as well as XRD.