bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does a lower self-concept explain mental health disparities of diverse immigrant youth from middle childhood to late adolescence?
Authors: Busch Julian , Claus Carola , Schneider Silvia , Siefen Rainer Georg 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Three out of ten children in Germany have an immigrant background and this proportion will increase further. While immigrant youth has been found more vulnerable to developing symptoms of depression and anxiety, the underlying mechanisms of how such disparities develop across youth development are still understudied. Some previous research has found that immigrant youth are at risk of experiencing a less positive self-concept compared to non-immigrant youth. We investigated whether the self-concept is a mediator for such mental health disparities. Moreover, we explored variability in such associations from middle childhood to late adolescence.Methods: Overall 1907 children and adolescents aged 5-18 years (M=14 years, SD=3.03, 49.8% female, n=782 with immigrant status) participated in a cross-sectional self-report survey in school settings using scales from the Beck’s Youth Inventories II [1] to assess self-concept and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Links between the immigrant status, age, self-concept and symptom levels of depression as well as anxiety were examined in univariate regression models and moderated mediation models.Results: Immigrant youth reported higher symptom levels of depression and anxiety than their non-immigrant counterparts but did not differ in their self-concepts. Across age groups, self-concept was a significant predictor for symptom levels of depression as well as anxiety, with stronger associations in adolescents. However, the overall hypothesized moderated mediation models were not supported as self-concept neither mediated the link between immigrant status and depression nor anxiety.Conclusions: Our study substantiates previous findings that immigrant youth have increased levels of mental health problems compared to non-immigrant youth. However, our findings also show that immigrant youth do not have a more negative self-concept. The self-concept moreover does not seem to represent a mediator for internalizing mental health disparities. Findings from our study hence suggest that psychosocial interventions for immigrant youth do not require a specific emphasis on self-concept-related components. As our evidence suggests age-moderation of the self-concept on depression and anxiety, psychosocial interventions should consider developing a positive attitude towards the self especially for adolescents. Further research is needed to deepen the understanding of the mediating processes between migration status and mental health variables.
Transposable element abundance correlates with mode of transmission in microsporidian parasites
Authors: de Albuquerque Nathalia Rammé Medeiros , Ebert Dieter , Haag Karen Luisa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The extreme genome reduction and physiological simplicity of some microsporidia has been attributed to their intracellular, obligate parasitic lifestyle. Although not all microsporidian genomes are small–the known size range goes from about 2 to 50 MB–it is widely accepted that microsporidian genome size has been streamlined by natural selection. We explore an alternative hypothesis for microsporidian genome diversification, i.e ., that vertical transmission in microsporidia likely produces population bottlenecks, reducing the effectiveness of natural selection. We compared the transposable element (TE) content of 47 microsporidian genomes, and showed that genome size is positively correlated with the amount of TEs, and that species that experience vertical transmission have larger genomes with higher proportion of TEs. Our findings are consistent with earlier studies inferring that nonadaptive processes play an important role in microsporidian evolution.
Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Mixed Low-and-High Grade Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer with EORTC Risk Scores
Authors: Lan Tianjie , Li Yuhong , Lu Yi , Liu Chuanfeng , Lin Gaoteng , Niu Yuanjie , Wang Xiaoming , Li Gang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the recurrence and progression rate of patients with mixed low-and-high grade (MG) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and compare these outcomes with the European Cancer Research and Treatment Organization (EORTC) prognostic risk scores.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed based on the data from 68 MG NMIBC patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder treatment (TUR-BT) from October 2013 to November 2018 in our hospital. The patients received intravesical treatment, and the follow-up protocols, including cystoscopy, ultrasound and urinary cytology, for the mean follow-up period of 33±10.7 months. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the EORTC risk scores, and the recurrence rate and progression scores of tumors in each group were calculated and compared with the estimated rates based on EORTC risk scores. The log-rank test and multivariable analysis were used to analyze the possible differences between the risk groups and to identify independent prognostic factors.Results: Among the 68 patients, averagely 67.6 years (32-86 years), 42 patients were of Stage Ta and 26 were of Stage T1; the tumor recurrence was noted in 15 patients (22.1%), 11 as LG (low grade) and 4 as HG (high grade); and tumor progression in 4 patients (5.9%), 2 stages of progression. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed a real recurrence-free survival (RFS) difference rates between Group 1-4 and Group 5-9 (P=0.0362<0.05, log-rank test); while for Group 0, Group 2-6 and Group 7-13, the real progression-free survival (PFS) was statistically different (P=0.0077<0.01, log-rank test)． Conclusions: The pathology and clinical behavior of MG are “benign” prior to LG even if the patients did not receive overly aggressive intravesical instillations. The EORTC risk scores can be applied to the short-term prognostic assessment of recurrence and progression risk in MG patients of the cohort. However, the value and applicability of long-term prognosis assessment are to be confirmed in further studies in the future.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients of T4 stage who are in status of N1 stage or older than 76 years cannot benefit from Cytoreductive Nephrectomy
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Wu Hongliang , Yang Tong , Wu Yaohai , Yu Nengwang , Xu Zhonghua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to identify which part of the patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is not suitable for cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN).Methods: The data of mRCC patients was acquired from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Multivariate cox regression analysis and nomogram were performed for selecting factors independently associated with survival. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to reduce potential bias when comparing survival of mRCC patients treated by CN or non-surgery (NS). The survival analysis of subgroups was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by log-rank testing. The summary of subgroup analysis was showed by forest plots. Results: The records of 21411 patients with mRCC were obtained from the SEER database. After screening, a total of 6532 patients were included for further analysis, of which 6043 underwent CN and 489 underwent NS. Age, T stage, N stage and tumor size were involved in subgroup analysis by PSM according to the result of multivariate cox regression analysis and clinical experience. Survival benefit was not found in T4 stage patients. Further analysis showed that T4&N1 and T4&age≥76yr subgroups could not obtain survival benefit from CN.Conclusion: CN should not be performed in T4 stage mRCC patients who were in status of N1 stage or older than 76 years, because surgery cannot take significant survival benefit for them.
Rural-Urban Differences in the Mental Health of Perinatal Women: A UK-based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ginja Samuel , Jackson Katherine , Newham James J , Henderson Emily J , Smart Debbie , Lingam Raghu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: International data suggest that living in a rural area is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mental illness. This study tested the association between rurality and two mental illnesses prevalent in perinatal women - depression and anxiety. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, antenatal and postnatal women were approached by healthcare professionals and through other networks in North Yorkshire (England, UK). After providing informed consent, women completed a questionnaire where they indicated their postcode (used to determine rural-urban status) and completed three outcome measures: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Whooley (depression measure), and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2). Logistic regression models were developed, both unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders, including socioeconomic status, social support and perinatal stage. Results: 295 participants provided valid data. Women in rural areas (n=130) were mostly comparable to their urban counterparts (n=165). Higher rates of depression and/or anxiety were found in the rural group across all models: unadjusted OR 1.67 95% CI 1.03 to 2.72, p=.038. This difference though indicative did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for socioeconomic status and perinatal stage (OR 1.57 (0.40), 95% CI 0.95 to 2.58, p=.078), and for social support (OR 1.65 (0.46), 95% CI 0.96 to 2.84, p=.070). Conclusions: The evidence, though limited, suggests a higher prevalence of mental illness amongst perinatal women in rural areas. The underlying mechanisms for this increased prevalence need to be explored further in order to inform future interventions.
Exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and practices among health care workers in Northern Tanzania.
Authors: Mgongo Melina , Mlay Bertha , Damian Damian Jeremia , Amour Caroline , Leyaro Beatrice John , Msuya Sia Emmanuel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice is one of the interventions improving child survival. Health workers have been shown to be vital in influencing EBF practices.Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and supportive practices on EBF among healthcare workers Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted between April - June 2011 health care providers working in 36 randomly selected health facilities of Hai and Siha districts. A questionnaire was used to obtain information. Observation of health worker-client interaction was conducted using a check list.Results: A total of 250 health workers participated in this study. The majority (80 %) had adequate knowledge of EBF. However, 36 % of providers believed light porridge should be introduced after 4 months and 43 % believed infants will feel thirsty on breast- milk alone. Only 7 % of providers answered correctly on skills of support, positioning and attachment. Fifty percent of the facilities with labour/maternity wards gave breastfeeding lessons to post delivery women. The majority (90 %) gave theoretical information, without practical demonstration with positioning and/or attachment of the baby to the breast.Conclusion: Providers had adequate theoretical knowledge of EBF but lacked important skills to support women in breastfeeding practices. Few labor/maternity facilities used the opportunity to educate women on EBF. Pre- and in-service health providers’ training on breastfeeding should target improved practical skills.
Best Practices in Achieving Universal Health Coverage: A Scoping Review
Authors: Koohpayehzadeh Jalil , Azami-Aghdash Saber , Derakhshani Naser , Rezapour Aziz , Kalajahi Riaz Alaei , Khasraghi Javad Sajjadi , Nikoomanesh Mahdi , Sabetrohani Hamideh , Soleimanpour Samira 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Universal health coverage (UHC) is a very important and effective policy in the health system of countries worldwide. Using the experiences and learning from the best practices of successful countries in the UHC can be very helpful. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to provide a scoping review of successful global interventions and practices in achieving UHC.Methods: The present study is a scoping review study has conducted using the Arkesy and O'Malley framework. To gather information the databases of Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, SID and MagIran have searched using the keywords of Universal health coverage, Universal healthcare coverage, Universal health care coverage, Strength*, Transfer*, interventions, improve*, program*, innovations, initiative, Financing, "Service delivery", Stewardship, "Resource generation", from 2000 to 2019. Content-Analysis was also used to analyze the data.Results: Out of 4257 articles, 57 evidence finally included in the study. The results showed that of the 40 countries that had successful interventions, most were Asian. The interventions were financial protection (40 interventions that categorized to 14 items), service coverage (31 interventions that categorized to 7 items), population coverage (36 interventions that categorized to 9 items) and quality (18 interventions that categorized to 7 items) respectively. Also, the successful result were conducted financial protection (14 items), service coverage (7 items), population coverage (9 items) and quality (7 items)) respectively.Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive and clear view of successful interventions in achieving to UHC. Therefore, with consideration to lessons learned from successful interventions, policymakers can be designing appropriate interventions to their country.
Accurate Determination of Genotypic Variance of Cell Wall Characteristics of a Populus trichocarpa Pedigree Using High-Throughput Pyrolysis-Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Harman-Ware Anne Elizabeth , Macaya-Sans David , Abeyratne Chanaka Roshan , Doeppke Crissa , Haiby Kathleen , Tuskan Gerald A. , Stanton Brian , DiFazio Stephen P. , Davis Mark F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) analysis of a pedigree of Populus trichocarpa was performed to study the phenotypic plasticity and heritability of lignin content and lignin monomer composition. Instrumental and microspatial environmental variability were observed in the spectral features and corrected to reveal underlying genetic variance of biomass composition.
Results
Lignin-derived ions were highly impacted by microspatial environmental variation which demonstrates phenotypic plasticity of lignin composition in Populus trichocarpa biomass. Broad-sense heritability of lignin composition after correcting for microspatial and instrumental variation was determined to be H2 = 0.56 based on py-MBMS based on ions known to derive from lignin. Heritability of lignin monomeric syringyl/guaiacyl ratio (S/G) was H2 = 0.81. Broad-sense heritability was also high (up to H2 = 0.79) for ions derived from other components of the biomass including phenolics (e.g., salicylates) and C5 sugars (e.g., xylose). Lignin and phenolic ion abundances were primarily driven by maternal effects, and paternal effects were either similar or stronger for the most heritable carbohydrate-derived ions.
Conclusions
We have shown that many biopolymer-derived ions from py-MBMS show substantial phenotypic plasticity in response to microenvironmental variation in plantations. Nevertheless, broad-sense heritability for biomass composition can be quite high after correcting for spatial environmental variation. This work outlines the importance in accounting for instrumental and microspatial environmental variation in biomass composition data for applications in heritability measurements and genomic selection for breeding poplar for renewable fuels and materials.
Whole transcriptome in-silico screening implicates cardiovascular and infectious disease in the mechanism of action underlying atypical antipsychotic side-effects
Authors: Malekizadeh Yasaman , Williams Gareth , Kelson Mark , Whitfield David R , Mill Jonathan , Collier David A , Ballard Clive , Jeffries Aaron R , Creese Byron 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Stroke/thromboembolic events, infections and death are all significantly increased by antipsychotics in dementia but little is known about why they can be harmful. Using a novel application of a drug repurposing paradigm, we aimed to identify potential mechanisms underlying adverse events.
METHODS
Whole transcriptome signatures were generated for SH-SY5Y cells treated with amisulpride, risperidone and volinanserin using RNA-sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis was performed which scored the association between antipsychotic signatures and expression data from 415,252 samples in the NCBI GEO repository.
RESULTS
Atherosclerosis, venous thromboembolism and influenza NCBI GEO-derived samples scored positively against antipsychotic signatures. Pathways enriched in antipsychotic signatures were linked to the cardiovascular and immune systems (e.g. BDNF, PDGFR-beta, TNF, TGF-beta, selenoamino acid metabolism and influenza infection).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings for the first time mechanistically link antipsychotics to specific cardiovascular and infectious diseases which are known side effects of their use in dementia, providing new information to explain related adverse events.
Delineation of molecular findings by whole exome sequencing for suspected cases of paediatric-onset mitochondrial diseases in the Southern Chinese population
Authors: Tsang Mandy Ho-Yin , Kwong Anna Ka-Yee , Chan Kate Lok-San , Fung Jasmine Lee-Fong , Yu Mullin Ho-Chung , Mak Christopher Chun-Yu , Yeung Kit-San , Rodenburg Richard J.T. , Smeitink Jam A.M. , Chan Rachel , Tsoi Thomas , Hui Joannie , Wong Sheila Suet-Na , Tai Shuk-Mui , Chan Victor Chi-Man , Ma Che-Kwan , Fung Tsiu-Hang Sharon , Wu Shun-Ping , Chan WK , Chung Brian Hon-Yin , Fung Cheuk-wing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by defects in oxidative phosphorylation. Since clinical phenotypes of MDs may be non-specific, genetic diagnosis is crucial for guiding disease management. In the current study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for our paediatric-onset MD cohort of a Southern Chinese origin, with the aim of identifying key disease-causing variants in the Chinese patients with MDs.Methods We recruited Chinese patients who had paediatric-onset MDs and a minimum mitochondrial disease criteria (MDC) score of 3. Patients with positive target gene or mitochondrial DNA sequencing results were excluded. WES was performed, variants with population frequency ≤1% were analysed for pathogenicity on the basis of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.Results Sixty-six patients with pre-biopsy MDC scores of 3–8 were recruited. The overall diagnostic yield was 35% (23/66). Eleven patients (17%) were found to have mutations in MD-related genes, with COQ4 having the highest mutation rate owing to the Chinese-specific founder mutation (4/66, 6%). Twelve patients (12/66, 18%) had mutations in non-MD-related genes: ATP1A3 (n=3, two were siblings), ALDH5A1, ARX, FA2H, KCNT1, LDHD, NEFL, NKX2-2, TBCK, and WAC.Conclusions We confirmed that the COQ4:c.370G>A, p.(Gly124Ser) variant was a recurrent founder mutation among the Southern Chinese population. Screening for this mutation should therefore be considered while diagnosing Chinese patients suspected to have MDs. Furthermore, WES has proven to be useful in detecting variants in patients suspected to have MDs because it helps to obtain an unbiased and precise genetic diagnosis for these diseases, which are genetically heterogeneous.
Radiological changes of serial CT examinations in patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Xu Qian , Shi Lin , Li Mengshuang , Dong Lina , Cai Lulu , Duan Shaofeng , Xu Kai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To find the pulmonary CT imaging characteristics in patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Method: Twenty patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. We analyzed the changes of four pulmonary CT imaging manifestations (ground glass opacity, consolidation, crazy paving sign and cord/band sign) in patients during hospitalization. The disease course was divided into four stages: early stage (0-4 days), progressive stage (5-8 days), peak stage (9-13 days) and absorption stage (≥14 days).Results: There were 12 male and 8 female with an average age of 45±16 years. In the first three stages, GGO was the most common sign on CT imaging. Then, the proportion of GGO decreased in the absorption stage compared with the first three stages (P<0.05). The proportion of crazy paving sign peaked in the progressive stage and then declined, with statistical difference between the progressive stage and the absorption stage (P<0.05). Cord/band sign was increasing from the early stage to the absorption stage, and statistical differences were found between the early stage and the peak stage (P<0.05), as well as the absorption stage and the first three stages (P<0.05). No statistical differences of consolidation proportion were found among the four stages.Conclusions: CT imaging showed different characteristics during the four stages. The proportion of cord/band sign significantly increased in the third stage, which might be an indicator of COVID-19 improvement.
Qualitative study on the social meanings of using mask during COVID-19 outbreak: implications for infection control
Authors: Lin Xiule , Wei Duncan , Deng Xiulian , Chen Haohao , Shu ZhouWu , Mo You 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To analyze the perceptions and behaviors related to mask-using in non-medical staff. To protect against respiratory and provide insights on using mask and provide directions for the prevention of infection and health protection.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 non-medical staff from various backgrounds to reflect a diversity of viewpoints during the peak season of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) since February to March in 2020. A phenomenological approach was adopted for data analysis.Results: Multiple themes emerged: (1) Effective informs and reporting of disease information had raised public awareness of wearing mask. (2) Shortage of masks and reuse exist in the implementation process. (3) The shortage of masks will be dealt by distribution in unified way and increasing production.Conclusions: This study documented non-medical staff perceptions and experiences using mask before the outbreak and this epidemic period. Participants felt that the most effective approach to solve the problem of mask shortage in China is combine prevention infection measures, uniform distribution of masks, material reserve in public health system.