bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FGF20 protected against BBB disruption after traumatic brain injury by activating the AKT/GSK3β pathway to upregulate junction protein expression and inhibiting JNK/NFκB-dependent neuroinflammation
Authors: Chen Jun , Wang Xue , Hu Jian , Huang Wenting , Dordoe Confidence , Guo Kaiming , Han Fanyi , Guo Ruili , Ye Shasha , Du Jingting , Lin Li , Li Xiaokun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background ：Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and the cerebral inflammatory response are two reciprocal mechanisms that work together to mediate the degree of brain edema, which is responsible for the majority of deaths after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and facilitate further brain damage, which leads to long-term TBI complications. Fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20), a neurotrophic factor, plays important roles in the development of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease (PD). However, little is known about the role of FGF20 in TBI. The aim of the current study was to assess the protective effects of FGF20 in TBI through protecting the BBB. Methods: We explored the relationship between FGF20 and BBB function in controlled cortical impact (CCI)-induced TBI mice model and TNF-α-induced human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) in vitro BBB disruption model. We also explored the mechanisms of these interactions and the signaling processes involved in BBB function and neuroinflammation. Results: In this study, we demonstrate that recombinant human FGF20 (rhFGF20) reduced neurofunctional deficits, brain edema and Evans Blue penetration in vivo after TBI. In an in vitro BBB disruption model of, rhFGF20 could reverse changes to TNF-α-induced HBMEC morphology, reduce Transwell permeability, and increase transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). In both a TBI mouse model and in vitro , rhFGF20 upregulated the expression of BBB-associated tight junction (TJ) protein and adherens junction (AJ) protein via the AKT/GSK3β pathway. In addition, rhFGF20 inhibited the cerebral inflammatory response through regulating the JNK/NFκB pathway and further protected the function of the BBB. Conclusions : Our results contribute to a new treatment strategy in TBI research. FGF20 is a potential candidate to treat TBI as it protects the BBB via regulating the AKT/GSK3β and JNK/NFκB signaling pathways.
AN EFFECT OF STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION TEMPERATURE ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION OF MICROFLORA OF PLANT PRODUCTS
Authors: Avilova S. V. , Kornienko V. N. , Gryzunov A. A. , Vankova A. A. 
Published: December 2019

The results of the study on changes in the composition and quantity of epiphytic and endophytic microorganisms of plant products during storage and transportation are presented. For the investigation, the authors took apple fruits and leafy spicy green products that had biological peculiarities and allowed investigating processes of the long-term and short-term main stages (cold storage, transportation by refrigerated transport, presales storage) of the continuous cold chain on the way to a consumer. Apple fruits were placed in storage in cold chambers with the temperature regimes of plus (2–3)°C and minus (1–2)°C, where they were stored for 90 days. The vegetative organs of dill and parsley were transported during 8 hours by a refrigerated truck and placed in the commercial refrigeration equipment at two temperature regimes (4–5) C and (0–1) C for 72 hours for presales storage. The results of the microbiological analysis showed that the number of endophytic microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts and molds) was lower by 1–3 orders of magnitude in apple fruits and by 2–3 times in green vegetables compared to the number of epiphytic microorganisms. It was established that the regime of storage at negative temperatures completely inhibited the development of epiphytic bacteria on fruits, significantly delayed the multiplication of epiphytic yeasts and molds; while at a positive temperature the number of bacteria increased approximately by 10–17 times, yeasts by 180 times and molds by 3 times. The dynamics of changes in the number of endophytic microorganisms during storage showed the same trend that was observed for epiphytic microorganisms. Analysis of the microbial quantity after transportation of green products showed an increase in abundance of the revealed groups of epiphytes and endophytes by 1.5–3 times upon absolute prevalence of bacteria. After short-term storage, a significant growth of the revealed microbial groups was found; with that, their quantity was 1.5–6.5 times higher at (4–5) C than at (0–1) C. The authors experimentally confirmed the conclusion that with respect to reduction of losses due to microbiological spoilage and extension of shelf life, the cold storage regime of the studied plant products at near-zero temperatures is preferable compared to the regimes of storage at higher positive temperatures.
Son Yıllarda Meydana Gelen Hastane Yangınları ve Nedenleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: YILDIZ Zehra , ÇELİK Gülendam 
Published: December 2019

Ülkemizde sağlık hizmetleri, sağlık bakanlığına ve
üniversitelere bağlı kamu hastaneleri ile özel hastaneler tarafından
sağlanmaktadır. Üniversite araştırma hastaneleri, sağlık bakanlığından sonra en
önemli sağlık hizmeti veren kurumlardır. Üniversitedeki sağlık hizmetleri,
sağlık sistemi içerisinde doğrudan hasta tedavisi ve bakımının yanı sıra
çeşitli sağlık eğitimi ve tıbbı araştırma faaliyetlerini de kapsamaktadır. Bu
yüzden üniversite sağlık kurumları diğer hastanelere göre daha kompleks ve
kalabalıktır. Bu sağlık kurumlarında poliklinikler, derslikler, laboratuvarlar,
yemekhane, ofisler, mutfak, kazan dairesi, çatı katı, arşiv, elektrik tesisatı,
parlayıcı ve patlayıcı maddeler, oksijen sistemleri gibi birçok mekân tek
çatı altında toplanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte üniversite hastanelerinde diğer
hastanelere göre çalışan, öğrenci, hasta ve ziyaretçi sayısı daha fazladır. Bu
nedenle özellikle üniversite hastanelerinde meydana gelebilecek bir yangın
felakete sebep olabilir. Yangın tehlikesi açısından orta tehlikeli sınıfta yer
alan hastanelerde yangın güvenlik önlemlerinin en üst safhada olması
gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde faaliyet gösteren hastanelerde son
yıllarda çıkan yangınlar, yangın nedenleri ve alınması gereken yangın önlemleri
açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Ülkemizde hastanelerde son yıllarda meydana
gelen yangınların başlıca elektrik ve dikkatsizlik nedeniyle çıktığı
belirlenmiştir. Sağlık kurumlarında, bina tasarımında önemli rol oynayan pasif
sistemler ve yangın olayının büyümesine müsaade etmeyen aktif söndürme
sistemlerinin günümüz teknolojisine uygun dizayn edilmesi ile yangın riski
ortadan kaldırılabilir ya da risk minimuma indirilebilir.
LIÇÕES DA TEORIA DA REAÇÃO SOCIAL PARA O ESTUDO DA RESISTÊNCIA AOS CRIMES DE ESTADO
Authors: Araújo Corrêa Simões Vernon , Fabres de Carvalho Thiago 
Published: December 2019

O propósito deste artigo é contribuir para a disseminação de um saber criminológico ainda restrito na academia brasileira: a criminologia de crimes de estado. A partir das produções teóricas de GREEN e WARD, a problemática que instigou essa pesquisa foi a possibilidade de resistir aos crimes de estado. A hipótese de que é possível articular resistência contra crimes de estado através de lições da teoria da reação social é desenvolvida dialogando algumas dessas lições com a criminologia dos crimes de estado e com as consequências da reação social na resistência. A escolha da teoria da reação social decorreu da importância simbólica do “crime”, situando seu manejo pelas agências de controle, pela mídia e pela sociedade civil. Apesar da existência de alguns problemas que a utilização do símbolo “crime” pode trazer, estes são inerentes às disputas do campo hegemônico, restando aos atores sociais dar o tom da sua utilização.
A review of climate change (floods) and economic attributes response to residential property value in Malaysia
Authors: Zulkarnain Siti Hafsah , Tsujimura Maki , Yuzir Muhamad Ali , Razali Muhammad Najib , Tarmidi Zakri 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The art and science of determining residential property value has evolved due to the changing external factors, such as the economy, environmental (climate change) and social aspects. This research aims to identify the impact of climate change (floods) to determine residential economic attributes that could affect the value for residential property in flood risk areas. The case study covers all residential housing schemes in Langat River Basin area, which has been considered as the highest flood risk area in the State of Selangor, Malaysia. The methodology of this research is based on the conceptual analysis from previous studies from local and international scenarios. The systematic analysis of previous literature of real estate valuation theory consists of economic attributes such as structural, locational and environmental attributes involved in residential property valuation in relation to flooding. The findings reveal that the economic attributes' response to flood hazards for residential properties can be divided into three conditions, and they are: positive, negative or no effect on the climate change factor.
Economic analysis of drinking water services, case of the city of Souk-Ahras (Algeria)
Authors: Boukhari S. , Pinto F. S. , Abida H. , Djebbar Y. , de Miras C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Water Supply and Sanitation Services (WSSS) face various constraints that hinder their development. The application of sustainable economic instruments may help WSSS policymakers improving the quality of service provision for their clients. This study shows the role of these economic instruments in WSSS management for the case of the city of Souk-Ahras (Algeria). A detailed analysis of expenditures and revenues, focusing on the tariff structure and subsidies, has been carried out. The results obtained show that WSSS in Souk-Ahras suffer from a relevant budget imbalance influenced by the high level of non-revenue water and the application of pricing that does not achieve cost recovery.
A novel low-cost multi-barrier system for drinking water treatment in rural and suburban areas
Authors: Siwila Stephen , Brink Isobel C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A low-cost multi-barrier drinking water system incorporating geotextile fabric for pre-filtration, silver-coated ceramic granular media (SCCGM) for filtration and disinfection, granular activated carbon (GAC) as an adsorption media and a safe storage compartment for treated water has been developed and tested. The developed system offers a novel concept of point-of-use drinking water treatment in rural and suburban areas of developing countries. The system is primarily aimed at bacterial and aesthetic improvement and has been optimised to produce &gt;99.99% E. coli and fecal coliforms removal. Although particular emphasis was placed on the elimination of bacteria, improvement of the acceptability aspects of water was also given high priority so that users are not motivated to use more appealing but potentially unsafe sources. This paper discusses key system features and contaminant removal performance. A system using SCCGM only was also tested alongside the multi-barrier system. Strengths and weaknesses of the system are also presented. Both the developed and SCCGM-only systems consistently provided &gt;99.99% E. coli and fecal coliforms removal at an optimum flow of 2 L/h. The developed system significantly recorded improvements of aesthetic aspects (turbidity, color, taste and odor). Average turbidity removals were 99.2% and 90.2% by the multi-barrier and SCCGM-only systems respectively.
Efficiency of foam flushing remediation in heterogeneous soil contaminated by nitrobenzene
Authors: Yan Su , Weiguo Cheng , Yabin Li , Jian Wang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The spatial distribution of nitrobenzene in a heterogeneous medium during the foam flushing remediation process was investigated through a two-dimensional simulation device. The remediation efficiency and the mechanisms of action of the surfactant foam remediation process in heterogeneous media were also studied. The experiments showed that during the contamination process, nitrobenzene preferentially enters the low-permeability zones of the medium and is intercepted as a free phase, bypassing the high-permeability zones. In the surfactant foam remediation process, a total removal rate of 95.7% was achieved, with the mobilization effect contributing 69.5%, and the solubilization and volatilization contributing 21.6% and 1.5%, respectively. Mobilization, solubilization, and volatilization are the main mechanisms by which nitrobenzene is eliminated from the soil during the surfactant foam remediation process. Finally, it has also been observed that this process showed a higher removal efficiency in high-permeability media than in low-permeability media due to interface effects.
Enzyme Promiscuous Activity: How to Define it and its Evolutionary Aspects
Authors: De Luca Valentina , Mandrich Luigi 
Published: December 2019

:Enzymes are among the most studied biological molecules because better understanding enzymes structure and activity will shed more light on their biological processes and regulation; from a biotechnological point of view there are many examples of enzymes used with the aim to obtain new products and/or to make industrial processes less invasive towards the environment. Enzymes are known for their high specificity in the recognition of a substrate but considering the particular features of an increasing number of enzymes this is not completely true, in fact, many enzymes are active on different substrates: this ability is called enzyme promiscuity. Usually, promiscuous activities have significantly lower kinetic parameters than to that of primary activity, but they have a crucial role in gene evolution. It is accepted that gene duplication followed by sequence divergence is considered a key evolutionary mechanism to generate new enzyme functions. In this way, promiscuous activities are the starting point to increase a secondary activity in the main activity and then get a new enzyme. The primary activity can be lost or reduced to a promiscuous activity. In this review we describe the differences between substrate and enzyme promiscuity, and its rule in gene evolution. From a practical point of view the knowledge of promiscuity can facilitate the in vitro progress of proteins engineering, both for biomedical and industrial applications. In particular, we report cases regarding esterases, phosphotriesterases and cytochrome P450.
Molecular Docking and Quantum Studies of Lawsone Dimers Derivatives: New Investigation of Antioxidant Behavior and Antifungal Activity
Authors: de Oliveira Aldo S. , Palomino-Salcedo David L. , Zapp Eduardo , Brondani Daniela , Hoppe Thaynara D. , Brondani Patrícia B. , Meier Lidiane , Johann Susana , Ferreira Leonardo L.G. , Andricopulo Adriano D. 
Published: December 2019

Background:In general, fungal species are characterized by their opportunistic character and can trigger various infections in immunocompromised hosts. The emergence of infections associated with high mortality rates is due to the resistance mechanisms that these species develop.Methods:This phenomenon of resistance denotes the need for the development of new and effective therapeutic approaches. In this paper, we report the investigation of the antioxidant and antifungal behavior of dimeric naphthoquinones derived from lawsone whose antimicrobial and antioxidant potential has been reported in the literature.Results:Seven fungal strains were tested, and the antioxidant potential was tested using the combination of the methodologies: reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and cyclic voltammetry. Molecular docking studies (PDB ID 5V5Z and 1EA1) were conducted which allowed the derivation of structureactivity relationships (SAR). Compound 1-i, derived from 3-methylfuran-2-carbaldehyde showed the highest antifungal potential with an emphasis on the inhibition of Candida albicans species (MIC = 0.5 µg/mL) and the highest antioxidant potential.Conclusion:A combination of molecular modeling data and in vitro assays can help to find new solutions to this major public health problem.
Alternative and New Radiopharmaceutical Agents for Lung Cancer
Authors: Telo Silvi , Calderoni Letizia , Vichi Sara , Zagni Federico , Castellucci Paolo , Fanti Stefano 
Published: December 2019

Background:
FDG PET/CT imaging has an established role in lung cancer (LC) management.
Whilst it is a sensitive technique, FDG PET/CT has a limited specificity in the differentiation
between LC and benign conditions and is not capable of defining LC heterogeneity since FDG uptake
varies between histotypes.

Objective:
To get an overview of new radiopharmaceuticals for the study of cancer biology features
beyond glucose metabolism in LC.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature review of PubMed/Medline was performed using a combination
of the following keywords: “positron emission tomography”, “lung neoplasms”, “non-FDG”, “radiopharmaceuticals”,
“tracers”.

Results:
Evidences suggest that proliferation markers, such as 18F-Fluorothymidine and 11CMethionine,
improve LC staging and are useful in evaluating treatment response and progression free
survival. 68Ga-DOTA-peptides are already routinely used in pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms
(NENs) management and should be firstly performed in suspected NENs. 18F-Fluoromisonidazole and
other radiopharmaceuticals show a promising impact on staging, prognosis assessment and therapy
response in LC patients, by visualizing hypoxia and perfusion. Radiolabeled RGD-peptides, targeting
angiogenesis, may have a role in LC staging, treatment outcome and therapy. PET radiopharmaceuticals
tracing a specific oncogene/signal pathway, such as EGFR or ALK, are gaining interest especially
for therapeutic implications. Other PET tracers, like 68Ga-PSMA-peptides or radiolabeled FAPIs, need
more development in LC, though, they are promising for therapy purposes.

Conclusion:
To date, the employment of most of the described tracers is limited to the experimental
field, however, research development may offer innovative opportunities to improve LC staging, characterization,
stratification and response assessment in an era of increased personalized therapy.
Adaptive Deep Neural Networks for the Internet of Things
Authors: Pandit Mohammad Khalid , Mir Roohie Naaz , Chishti Mohammad Ahsan 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Deep neural networks have become the state of the art technology for real-
world classification tasks due to their ability to learn better feature representations at each layer.
However, the added accuracy that is associated with the deeper layers comes at a huge cost of
computation, energy and added latency.

Objective:
The implementations of such architectures in resource constraint IoT devices are computationally
prohibitive due to its computational and memory requirements. These factors are particularly
severe in IoT domain. In this paper, we propose the Adaptive Deep Neural Network
(ADNN) which gets split across the compute hierarchical layers i.e. edge, fog and cloud with all
splits having one or more exit locations.

Methods:
At every location, the data sample adaptively chooses to exit from the NN (based on
confidence criteria) or get fed into deeper layers housed across different compute layers.
Design of ADNN, an adaptive deep neural network which results in fast and energy- efficient decision
making (inference).

:
Joint optimization of all the exit points in ADNN such that the overall loss is minimized.

Results:
Experiments on MNIST dataset show that 41.9% of samples exit at the edge location
(correctly classified) and 49.7% of samples exit at fog layer. Similar results are obtained on fashion
MNIST dataset with only 19.4% of the samples requiring the entire neural network layers.
With this architecture, most of the data samples are locally processed and classified while maintaining
the classification accuracy and also keeping in check the communication, energy and latency
requirements for time sensitive IoT applications.

Conclusion:
We investigated the approach of distributing the layers of the deep neural network
across edge, fog and the cloud computing devices wherein data samples adaptively choose the exit
points to classify themselves based on the confidence criteria (threshold). The results show that
the majority of the data samples are classified within the private network of the user (edge, fog)
while only a few samples require the entire layers of ADNN for classification.
An Image Encryption Scheme Based on Hybrid Fresnel Phase Mask and Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Yadav Shivani , Singh Hukum 
Published: December 2019

Background:
An asymmetric cryptanalysis is suggested in Affine and Fresnel transform
using Hybrid Fresnel phase Mask (HFM), Hybrid Mask (HM) and Singular Value Decomposition
(SVD) to deliver additional security to the scheme. The usage of Affine Transform (AT) provides
randomness in the input plane which benefits in enlarging the key space and SVD gives the nonlinearity
in the process.

Objective:
In the FrT domain, usage of hybrid masks and AT in an asymmetric cryptosystem with
SVD is to make encoded procedure difficult.

Methods:
On the plain image we firstly apply affine transform and then convoluted it with HFM, in
FrT domain with propagation distance Z1 and the obtained part is convoluted with HM in FrT with
propagation distance Z2 and then lastly on the encoded image SVD is applied.

Results:
Validity of the suggested scheme has been confirmed by using MATLAB R2018a
(9.4.0.813654). The capability of the recommended scheme has been tested by statistical simulations
such as histogram, entropy and correlation coefficient. Noise attack analysis has also done so
that the system becomes robust against attacks.

Conclusion:
Asymmetric cryptosystem is recommended using pixel scrambling technique i.e. affine
transform which shuffles the pixels hence helps for security of the system. Usage of SVD in the algorithm
is to make the system robust. Performance and strength analysis are carried out for scrutiny
of the forte and feasibility of the algorithm.
Analysis of Epidemic, PROPHET and Spray and Wait Routing Protocols in the Mobile Opportunistic Networks
Authors: Singh Jasvir , Maini Raman 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The Opportunistic Mobile Networks (OMNs) are a type of Mobile Adhoc
Networks (MANETs) with Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) features, where the sender to receiver
connectivity never exists most of the time, due to dynamic nature of the nodes and the network
partition. The real use of OMNs is to provide connectivity in challenged environments.

Methods:
The paper presents the detailed analysis of three routing protocols, namely Epidemic,
PROPHET and Spray and Wait, against variable size of the messages and the Time To Live (TTL)
in the networks. The key contribution of the paper is to explore routing protocols with mobility
models for the dissemination of data to the destination. Routing uses the store-carry-forward
mechanism for message transfer and network has to keep compromise between message delivery
ratio and delivery delay.

Results:
The results are generated from the experiments with Opportunistic Network Environment
(ONE) simulator. The performance is evaluated based on three metrics, the delivery ratio, overhead
ratio and the average latency. The results show that the minimum message size (256 KB) offers
better performance in the delivery than the larger message size (1 MB). It has also been observed
that with the epidemic routing, since there are more message replicas, which in turn increase the
cost of delivery, so with a smaller message, the protocol can reduce the overhead ratio with a high
proportion.

Conclusion:
The average latency observed increases with the increase of the TTL of the message
in three protocols with variation of the message size from 256KB to 1 MB.