bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Top-Down Processing of Drug Names Can Induce Errors in Discriminating Similar Pseudo-Drug Names by Nurses
Authors: Mitobe Junko , Higuchi Takahiro 
Published: August 2020

Background One factor that could cause medical errors is confusing medicines with similar names. A previous study showed that nurses who have knowledge about drugs faced difficulty in discriminating a drug name from similar pseudo-drug names. To avoid such errors, finger-pointing and calling (FPC) has been recommended in Japan. Objectives The present study had two aims. The first was to determine whether such difficulty was due to top-down processing, rather than bottom-up processing, being applied even for pseudo-names. The other was to investigate whether FPC affected error prevention for similar drug names. Method In two experiments, nurses and non–health care professionals performed a choice reaction time task for drug names and common words, with or without FPC. Error rate and reaction time were analyzed. Results When drug names were used, nurses showed difficulty discriminating target names from distractors. Furthermore, the error prevention effect of FPC was marginally significant for drug names. However, nurses showed no significant differences when similar drug names were used. There was no significant difference regarding the error rate for words. Conclusions Nurses’ knowledge of drug names activates top-down processing. As a result, the processing of drug names was not as accurate and quick as that for words for nurses, which caused difficulty in discriminating similar names. FPC may be applicable to reduce confusion errors, possibly by leading individuals to process drug names using bottom-up processing. Application The present study advances current knowledge about error tendencies with similar drug names and the effects of FPC on error prevention.
Evaluation of Secondary Post-Tonsillectomy Bleeding among Children in Saudi Arabia: Risk Factor Analysis
Authors: Aldrees Turki , Alzuwayed Abdullah , Majed Abdullah , Alzamil Abdulrhman , Almutairi Mohammed , Aloqaili Yazeed 
Published: August 2020

Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most widely recognized surgeries for tonsillitis. It is the default surgery option for obstructive sleep apnea, recurrent tonsillitis, and recurrent peritonsillar abscess. However, there are limited risk factor analyses in Saudi Arabia related to tonsillectomy. The goal of study is to evaluate and analyze the risk factors for secondary post-tonsillectomy bleeding in Saudi Arabia. Method: This retrospective review study was directed at King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Univariate and multivariate investigations were performed to decide the risk factors. Results: A total of 713 children were included. Post-tonsillectomy bleeding occurred in only 5.3% of tonsillectomies. There was no seasonal variation impact on post-tonsillectomy bleeding rate ( P = .8). The multivariate analysis showed a significant association between post-tonsillectomy bleeding and both age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.156; 95% CI: 1.007-1.326; P = .039) and sleep disorder breathing/obstructive sleep apnea (OR = 3.581; 95% CI: 1.454-8.820; P = .006). Conclusion: This study revealed that age, sleep disorder/obstructive sleep apnea, and longer hospital stay after tonsillectomy are significant risk factors for post-tonsillectomy bleeding. This study provides an important baseline for further local studies in the future.
Estimation of Macro-financial Linkages for the Indian Economy
Authors: Banerjee Shesadri , Anand Jayanthi K. , Bhide Shashanka 
Published: August 2020

The widespread impacts of global financial crisis (2008-09) reinstate the need for better assessment of the macro-financial linkages for forecasting and policy evaluation. Our paper contributes to the relevant literature with evidence from the Indian financial sector. Following Castelnuovo (2013), a New Keynesian model with macro-financial linkages is estimated by the Bayesian technique for the sample period 2004: Q3 to 2019: Q1. We find that, in an Emerging Market Economy like India, business cycle leads financial cycle through the channel of expectations. Further, our results show that the linkages are heterogeneous in size depending on the financial market segment and market-specific shocks. JEL Codes: C11, E44, G10
Telecom in India in 2017: Uncertainty Calling
Authors: Jain Ravi Kumar , Gonela Saradhi Kumar , Raghavendra BT  
Published: August 2020

The Indian telecom industry, one of the fastest-growing markets in the world, was at crossroads. The industry grew in two decades by focusing primarily on reducing voice call charges. By the end of 2016, a new entrant disturbed the strategies of all the incumbents. Reliance Jio, the new competitor, disrupted the market by promising completely free voice calls—hitherto staple revenue stream for the incumbents—and undercut data price to approximately tenth of incumbents’ prices. The resulting cacophony severely damaged the incumbents to the extent that Vodafone and Idea Cellular, the second and third largest incumbents, announced a merger. Airtel, the unchallenged market leader for more than 15 years, was bracing to face financial losses. The changed scenario posed several difficult questions to all the operators. Finding answers, though vital for existence, would prove to be a horrendous task. This case presents the students with the dilemma of how to face the new entrant, with unconventional strategies. This case will be ideal in the Business Strategy course.
The Crowding-in/ out Debate in Investments in India: Fresh Evidence from NARDL Application
Authors: Akber Nusrat , Gupta Megha , Paltasingh Kirtti Ranjan 
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the study is to re-examine the issue of the crowding-in/out effect of public investment on private investment by adopting an improved methodology of the ‘nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag’ (NARDL) model. Taking data from 1970 to 2016, the study finds that public investment crowds-in private investment both in the long-run as well as the short-run. However, the short-run elasticity is statistically more significant and larger in magnitude than the long-run elasticity. It has also been found that macroeconomic uncertainty significantly affects private investment both in the long-run and the short-run. Among other determinants of private investment, we observe foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, credit flow to the private sector, household savings, real rate of interest and expected output affect private investment significantly. The policy implication of the study calls for the designing of public sector policies that enthuse more private investments. More credit flow to private sectors and FDI in different sectors of the economy should be prioritized. JEL Codes: E22, H54, C32
Imaging the rapid yet transient accumulation of regulatory lipids, lipid kinases, and protein kinases during membrane fusion, at sites of exocytosis of MMP-9 in MCF-7 cells
Authors: Stephens Dominique C. , Powell Tyrel W. , Taraska Justin W. , Harris Dinari A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe regulation of exocytosis is physiologically vital in cells and requires a variety of distinct proteins and lipids that facilitate efficient, fast, and timely release of secretory vesicle cargo. Growing evidence suggests that regulatory lipids act as important lipid signals and regulate various biological processes including exocytosis. Though functional roles of many of these regulatory lipids has been linked to exocytosis, the dynamic behavior of these lipids during membrane fusion at sites of exocytosis in cell culture remains unknown.MethodsTotal internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) was used to observe the spatial organization and temporal dynamics (i.e. spatial positioning and timing patterns) of several lipids, and accessory proteins, like lipid kinases and protein kinases, in the form of protein kinase C (PRKC) associated with sites of exocytosis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in living MCF-7 cancer cells.ResultsFollowing stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to promote exocytosis, a transient accumulation of several distinct regulatory lipids, lipid kinases, and protein kinases at exocytic sites was observed. This transient accumulation centered at the time of membrane fusion is followed by a rapid diffusion away from the fusion sites. Additionally, the synthesis of these regulatory lipids, degradation of these lipids, and the downstream effectors activated by these lipids, are also achieved by the recruitment and accumulation of key enzymes at exocytic sites (during the moment of cargo release). This includes key enzymes like lipid kinases, protein kinases, and phospholipases that facilitate membrane fusion and exocytosis of MMP-9.ConclusionsThis work suggests that these regulatory lipids and associated effector proteins are locally synthesized and/or recruited to sites of exocytosis, during membrane fusion and cargo release. More importantly, their enrichment at fusion sites serves as an important spatial and temporal organizing “element” defining individual exocytic sites.
Reversal of rivaroxaban anticoagulant effect by prothrombin complex concentrates: which dose is sufficient to restore normal thrombin generation?
Authors: Giffard-Quillon Lorine , Desmurs-Clavel Helene , Grange Claire , Jourdy Yohann , Dargaud Yesim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRivaroxaban has the most available data to support the use of prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC) as a reversal agent. However, PCC might increase the incidence of thrombotic events by shifting the haemostatic balance towards hypercoagulability. We assessed the in vitro efficacy and safety of three 4-factor PCCs for reversing rivaroxaban anticoagulant effect. Our in vitro finding indicates that 4-factor PCCs at the dose of 25 U.kg− 1 may be sufficient to reverse rivaroxaban anticoagulant effect.
Myeloproliferative blood cancers as a human neuroinflammation model for development of Alzheimer’s disease: evidences and perspectives
Authors: Hasselbalch Hans C. , Skov Vibe , Kjær Lasse , Sørensen Torben L. , Ellervik Christina , Wienecke Troels 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChronic inflammation and involvement of myeloid blood cells are associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Chronic inflammation is a highly important driving force for the development and progression of the chronic myeloproliferative blood cancers (MPNs), which are characterized by repeated thrombotic episodes years before MPN-diagnosis, being elicited by elevated erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. Mutations in blood cells, the JAK2V617F and TET2-mutations, contribute to the inflammatory and thrombogenic state. Herein, we discuss the MPNs as a human neuroinflammation model for AD development, taking into account the many shared cellular mechanisms for reduction in cerebral blood, including capillary stalling with plugging of blood cells in the cerebral microcirculation. The therapeutic consequences of an association between MPNs and AD are immense, including reduction in elevated cell counts by interferon-alpha2 or hydroxyurea and targeting the chronic inflammatory state by JAK1-2 inhibitors, e.g., ruxolitinib, in the future treatment of AD.
The prenatal challenge with lipopolysaccharide and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid disrupts CX3CL1-CX3CR1 and CD200-CD200R signalling in the brains of male rat offspring: a link to schizophrenia-like behaviours
Authors: Chamera Katarzyna , Kotarska Katarzyna , Szuster-Głuszczak Magdalena , Trojan Ewa , Skórkowska Alicja , Pomierny Bartosz , Krzyżanowska Weronika , Bryniarska Natalia , Basta-Kaim Agnieszka 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The bidirectional communication between neurons and microglia is fundamental for the homeostasis and biological function of the central nervous system. Maternal immune activation (MIA) is considered to be one of the factors affecting these interactions. Accordingly, MIA has been suggested to be involved in several neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia. The crucial regulatory systems for neuron-microglia crosstalk are the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 and CD200-CD200R axes.

Methods
We aimed to clarify the impact of MIA on CX3CL1-CX3CR1 and CD200-CD200R signalling pathways in the brains of male Wistar rats in early and adult life by employing two neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia based on the prenatal challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C). We also examined the effect of MIA on the expression of microglial markers and the profile of cytokines released in the brains of young offspring, as well as the behaviour of adult animals. Moreover, we visualized the localization of ligand-receptor systems in the hippocampal regions (CA1, CA3 and DG) and the frontal cortex of young rats exposed to MIA. The differences between groups were analysed using Student’s t test.

Results
We observed that MIA altered developmental trajectories in neuron-microglia communication in the brains of young offspring, as evidenced by the disruption of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 and/or CD200-CD200R axes. Our data demonstrated the presence of abnormalities after LPS-induced MIA in levels of Cd40, Il-1β, Tnf-α, Arg1, Tgf-β and Il-10, as well as IBA1, IL-1β and IL-4, while after Poly I:C-generated MIA in levels of Cd40, iNos, Il-6, Tgf-β, Il-10, and IBA1, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β and IL-4 early in the life of male animals. In adult male rats that experienced prenatal exposure to MIA, we observed behavioural changes resembling a schizophrenia-like phenotype.

Conclusions
Our study provides evidence that altered CX3CL1-CX3CR1 and/or CD200-CD200R pathways, emerging after prenatal immune challenge with LPS and Poly I:C, might be involved in the aetiology of schizophrenia.
Evaluation of open bite closure using clear aligners: a retrospective study
Authors: Harris Kayla , Ojima Kenji , Dan Chisato , Upadhyay Madhur , Alshehri Abdulrahman , Kuo Chia-Ling , Mu Jinjian , Uribe Flavio , Nanda Ravindra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the dental and skeletal effects that occur in the correction of anterior open bite with clear aligners.

Materials and method
In this single-center retrospective study, the mechanism of anterior open bite closure using clear aligners (Invisalign, Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was evaluated by cephalometric superimposition based on records of patients consecutively treated by a single, experienced Invisalign provider. Inclusion criteria consisted of anterior open bite (overbite < 0.5 mm), adult patients (18+) at the beginning of treatment, consecutive records, and good quality pre- and post-treatment records, where the required landmarks were clearly visible.

Results
A total of 45 patients were included for data analysis with a mean age of 30.73 ± 8.0 years and initial open bite of − 1.21 ± 1.15 mm. During treatment, the upper incisors showed significant (p < 0.05) retraction [U1-SN′(°) = − 10.91 ± 6.95°], [U1-SN′perp(mm) = − 2.57 ± 1.75 mm] and extrusion [U1-SN′(mm) = 1.45 ± 0.89 mm]. The lower incisors also showed significant retraction [IMPA(°) = − 3.73 ± 4.91°), (ΔL1-MP′perp (mm) = − 1.08 ± 1.59] and extrusion (ΔL1-MP′(mm) = 0.53 ± 0.74). Regarding molar position, no significant changes were noted in the anteroposterior position of the upper [ΔU6-SN′perp(mm) = 0.01 ± 1.08 mm] and lower molar [ΔL6-MP′perp(mm) = 0.03 ± 0.87 mm]; however, there was a statistically significant intrusion of the upper [ΔU6-SN′(mm) = − 0.47 ± 0.59 mm] and lower molar [ΔL6-MP′(mm) = − 0.39 ± 0.76 mm].

Conclusion
Open bite closure with clear aligners occurred due to a combination of maxillary and mandibular incisor extrusion and maxillary and mandibular molar intrusion, with slight mandibular auto rotation. Significant retraction of maxillary and mandibular incisors was also observed with treatment. Clear aligners are effective in reducing/controlling the vertical dimension in open bite patients.
Lebanese pharmacists’ confidence and self-perceptions of computer literacy: scale validation and correlates
Authors: Hallit Souheil , Tawil Samah , Sacre Hala , Rahme Clara , Hajj Aline , Salameh Pascale 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Most pharmacists agree that continuing education (CE) programs positively affect their practice and increase their knowledge, with computer-based courses being their preferred type of CE (60.6%). The route to using medical e-services and e-learning is not straightforward. High setup costs and time commitments to sustain quality are issues brought up in this respect. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to validate the general confidence with computer use (GCWCU) scale and assess computer literacy and its associated factors among Lebanese pharmacists.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted, using a random sample of Lebanese pharmacists from all districts of Lebanon. The general confidence with computer use (GCWCU) scale was used to assess computer literacy.

Results
This study enrolled 628 (83.73%) pharmacists. The GCWCU items converged over two factors (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.716). A higher GCWCU was associated with the ease of access to the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon e-library (beta = 2.58), owning a tablet (beta = 2.80), being connected for 4 h daily (beta = 2.71), the ease of access to the learning management system (beta = 2.39), holding a PhD (beta = 4.28) or a PharmD (beta = 1.16), and working in hospitals (beta = 2.60).

Conclusion
This study showed that the GCWCU is adequate to assess computer literacy in Lebanese pharmacists and identified factors affecting and/or associated with computer literacy. It presented insights into essential computer skills and abilities of Lebanese pharmacists and identified factors associated with their general confidence with computer use in their practice. These findings would help decision-makers and CE providers design learning materials for pharmacists to improve their computer literacy for better practice and patient care.
Balloon-assisted Transcatheter arterial embolization using N-butyl cyanoacrylate for iatrogenic arterial bleeding by groin puncture: a new technology
Authors: Ueda Tatsuo , Murata Satoru , Saito Hidemasa , Miki Izumi , Yasui Daisuke , Sugihara Fumie , Shimizu Wataru , Kumita Shin-Ichiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Balloon-assisted transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) using n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) and lipiodol (Lp) mixture is a new endovascular treatment technique for iatrogenic arterial bleeding by groin puncture. It is less invasive compared to surgical repair, and NBCA migration into the circulation can be prevented by temporary balloon occlusion of the parent artery without ultrasound-guidance. This study aimed to report on the technical aspects and evaluate the efficacy and safety of fluoroscopically guided balloon-assisted transcatheter arterial embolization using NBCA for iatrogenic arterial bleeding by groin puncture.

Materials and methods
The study included five patients (mean age 54.6 years; 3 male and 2 female) with iatrogenic arterial bleeding by groin puncture. We performed transcatheter arterial embolization using NBCA while occluding the responsible artery with a balloon catheter during the embolization to prevent NBCA migration. Two sheaths were inserted into the common femoral artery. A microcatheter was advanced into the pseudoaneurysm or extravasation via the contralateral sheath. A balloon catheter was advanced into the responsible artery until the balloon portion covered the leakage site via another sheath. After balloon inflation, the NBCA and Lip mixture was slowly injected until the pseudoaneurysm, or the extravasation was filled without touching the balloon. The microcatheter was removed immediately after the filling. We assessed technical success, overall success, and complications.

Results
The injured arteries were the external iliac artery (n = 1), the common femoral artery (n = 2), and the proximal portion of the superficial femoral artery (n = 2). NBCA was injected once in four cases and twice in one case where complete hemostasis could not be achieved with one injection. The technical and overall success rate was 100% with no complications, including distal embolization of NBCA.

Conclusions
Balloon-assisted TAE using NBCA is a feasible, effective, and safe treatment for iatrogenic arterial bleeding by groin puncture. It may also be applicable in other arterial bleeding situations where the potential risk of distal embolization can be decreased by applying the balloon-assisted technique.
Prognostic significance of DNMT3a gene expression and reactive nitrogen species in newly diagnosed Egyptian de novo adult acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Asfour Inas A. , Hegab Hany M. , El-Salakawy Walaa A. , Hamza Mohamed T. , Mansour Dina A. , Saeed Alia M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) gene is a frequently dysregulated epigenetic modifier gene involved in the process of carcinogenesis. Also, there is a dichotomous nature of nitric oxide action with the ability to both promote and repress cancers. There is a host of research work delineating the frequency of DNMT3a mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but little is known about its level of expression in AML patients or its probable relationship to nitrosative stress. This study aims at the assessment DNMT3a gene expression as well as nitric oxide levels in newly diagnosed adult patients with de novo AML. Moreover, it aims at relating these two variables to other disease features and prognostic indicators as well as treatment outcomes. The study included 45 adult de novo AML patients and 10 healthy control subjects. Measurement of DNMT3a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcripts was done by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) followed by Sanger sequencing to identify the presence or absence of DNMT3a arginine 882 (R882) mutation. This was followed by the assessment of serum nitrite level as a surrogate marker for nitric oxide radical (NO) using colorimetric methods.

Results
DNMT3a gene expression, as well as serum nitrite levels, were significantly higher among AML cases in relation to controls before chemotherapy with P values of < 0.001 and 0.035, respectively. Dividing patients into low and high expressors in relation to the hotspot mutation demonstrated no difference between the two groups in terms of demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics or treatment outcomes.

Conclusion
DNMT3a gene expression is increased among the AML population in relation to normal healthy controls. This may point out the need for the assessment of the influence of this gene expression on methylcytosine content of tumor samples with the subsequent implementation of hypomethylating agents as a line of therapy in cases exhibiting excessive hypermethylation.