bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization Nanocrystalline Cellulose as a Food Additive to Produce Healthy Biscuit Cream
Authors: Asghari Mohsen , Karimi Zarchi Ali Akbar , Taheri Ramezan Ali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) has been extensively developed in various fields such as nanostructure and food systems enhancers. In this study, first a CNC is synthesized through a homogenizer–ultrasound technique plus acid hydrolysis and then its application in biscuit cream is investigated. The morphology results reveal the swelling capacity of the CNC increases 63%, over raw cellulose and the dynamic light scattering particle size is about 120 nm. The surface morphology results of the CNC shows a spherical shape with an average diameter of 89 nm. The results show an increase in the degree of crystallinity with decreasing thermal stability in the CNC. The best result of the oil stability associated with maintaining the sensory properties is related to the cream formulated with a 50:50 ratio of sunflower oil and shortening after being incorporated with CNCs. It is thus shown to be necessary to optimize the concentration of CNCs to control cream texture characteristics.
Inhibition of Long‐Term Retrogradation of Corn, Potato, and Pea Starches by Borax
Authors: Ji Na , Li Fang , Yu Mengting , Wang Yanfei , Xiong Liu , Sun Qingjie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work aims to develop a new method for inhibiting the long‐term retrogradation of normal corn starch, waxy corn starch (WCS), potato starch, and pea starch with borax. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicate that adding borax clearly reduces the retrogradation enthalpies of the four starches and decreases the crystallization rate constant. The percentage of retrogradation of WCS combined with 5% borax decreases to 12.06% compared with 69.67% for retrograded WCS without borax after 28 d at 4 °C. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis shows that borax remarkably decreases the spin–spin relaxation time of the four starches. The results demonstrate that borax can be used as a new inhibitor and can retard the long‐term retrogradation of starch.
Bond behavior of BFRP bars with basalt‐fiber reinforced cement‐based composite materials
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Zhenxing , Zhang Chuchu , Wang Xin , Li Jiang , Liang Yaozhe , Chu Shaohui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the bond behavior of BFRP bars with basalt‐fiber cement‐based composite materials (BFRCC). The bond behavior was evaluated in terms of the bar type, bar diameter, matrix type, fiber volume, and spiral stirrup presence. The interface failures between the bars and matrix were observed after the experiment. The influence factors of the test groups on the bond‐slip mechanism were analyzed, and an analytical model of the bond‐slip mechanism was established by data fitting. The results show that the interface failures between the bars and the BFRCC matrix were divided into pull‐out failure and splitting failure, the bond‐slip curve had a residual stage and demonstrated periodic decay. Although the bars' diameters had little effect on the bond strength and average slip, the fiber volume strongly influenced it, and the spiral stirrup could effectively prevent splitting failure. A high‐precision bond‐slip model between the BFRP bars and basalt‐fiber cement‐based composite materials (BFRCC) was established.
Stabilization of non‐native polymorphs for electrocatalysis and energy storage systems
Authors: Saha Sulay , Gupta Prashant Kumar , Pala Raj Ganesh S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEvolution in material centric devices like batteries and electrocatalytic reactors have predominantly been made possible via the exploitation of the thermodynamic ground state of pristine or defective bulk crystal, referred to as the “Native polymorph” (NP) here. A significant increase in the material search space is possible by utilizing “Non‐Native polymorphs (NNP),” which are materials that have different translational symmetry with respect to NP. As the NNP have a distinct coordination structure from that of the NP, critical material properties can be anticipated to be different, making NNP a potential substitute material for the aforementioned applications, which are the focus of this review. To obtain a structure–function relationship, systematic approaches to the synthesis of NNP has been demonstrated. Following certain generalities behind NNP, we classify synthesis techniques into few categories with the hope of rationalizing the underlying mechanism of these synthesis and stabilization strategies. We discuss the utility of NNPs in the context of electrochemical water electrocatalytic reactions. Typically, the NNPs have more open volume space enabling lower lithium‐ion diffusion barrier, higher lithium‐ion binding energies, thereby making NNP efficient in the context of energy storage material. However, NNP have lesser stability than the NP and methods to calibrate and improve the stability of NNP are important. Overall, the discussion of polymorphic materials by demarcating them as NP and NNP provides a systematic approach towards modulating material properties as a trade‐off between thermodynamics and kinetics of physicochemical processes. Finally, the challenges and perspectives in this emerging field are discussed.This article is categorized under:
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials
Energy and Development > Science and Materials
Stress analysis of a mode‐I crack in a 1D hexagonal quasicrystal based on the non‐local theory
Authors: Liu Hai‐Tao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the non‐local theory solution of a Mode‐I crack in a 1D hexagonal quasicrystal (QC) by using the generalized Almansi's theorem and the Schmidt method. Based on the Fourier transform, the boundary value problem is reduced to two pairs of dual integral equations, in which the unknown variables are the displacement jumps across the crack surfaces. The dual integral equations are derived. Finally, the expression of the phonon stress field and the phason stress field at the crack tip are obtained. Numerical examples are provided to show the effects of the lattice parameter and the crack length on the phonon stress field and the phason stress field near the crack tip. Different from the classical solution, that the present solution exhibits no stress singularity at the crack tips in a 1D hexagonal QC.
Quantum chaos, thermodynamics and black hole microstates in the mass deformed SYK model
Authors: Nosaka Tomoki , Numasawa Tokiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study various aspects of the mass deformation of the SYK model which makes the black hole microstates escapable. SYK boundary states are given by a simple local boundary condition on the Majorana fermions and then evolved in Euclidean time in the SYK Hamiltonian. We study the ground state of this mass deformed SYK model in detail. We also use SYK boundary states as a variational approximation to the ground state of the mass deformed SYK model. We compare variational approximation with the exact ground state results and they showed a good agreement. We also study the time evolution of the mass deformed ground state under the SYK Hamiltonian. We give a gravity interpretation of the mass deformed ground state and its time evolutions. In gravity side, mass deformation gives a way to prepare black hole microstates that are similar to pure boundary state black holes. Escaping protocol on these ground states simply gives a global AdS2 with an IR end of the world brane. We also study the thermodynamics and quantum chaotic properties of this mass deformed SYK model. Interestingly, we do not observe the Hawking Page like phase transition in this model in spite of similarity of the Hamiltonian with eternal traversable wormhole model where we have the phase transition.
The dark phases of the N2HDM
Authors: Engeln Isabell , Ferreira Pedro , Mühlleitner M. Margarete , Santos Rui , Wittbrodt Jonas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We discuss the dark phases of the Next-to-2-Higgs Doublet model. The model is an extension of the Standard Model with an extra doublet and an extra singlet that has four distinct CP-conserving phases, three of which provide dark matter candidates. We discuss in detail the vacuum structure of the different phases and the issue of stability at tree-level of each phase. Taking into account the most relevant experimental and theoretical constraints, we found that there are combinations of measurements at the Large Hadron Collider that could single out a specific phase. The measurement of h125 → γγ together with the discovery of a new scalar with specific rates to τ+τ− or γγ could exclude some phases and point to a specific phase.
Loops and trees in generic EFTs
Authors: Craig Nathaniel , Jiang Minyuan , Li Ying-Ying , Sutherland Dave 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We consider aspects of tree and one-loop behavior in a generic 4d EFT of massless scalars, fermions, and vectors, with a particular eye to the high-energy limit of the Standard Model EFT at operator dimensions 6 and 8. First, we classify the possible Lorentz structures of operators and the subset of these that can arise at tree-level in a weakly coupled UV completion, extending the tree/loop classification through dimension 8 using functional methods. Second, we investigate how operators contribute to tree and one-loop helicity amplitudes, exploring the impact of non-renormalization theorems through dimension 8. We further observe that many dimension 6 contributions to helicity amplitudes, including rational parts, vanish exactly at one-loop level. This suggests the impact of helicity selection rules extends beyond one loop in non-supersymmetric EFTs.
On supersymmetric AdS4 orientifold vacua
Authors: Marchesano Fernando , Palti Eran , Quirant Joan , Tomasiello Alessandro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work we study ten-dimensional solutions to type IIA string theory of the form AdS4×X6which contain orientifold planes and preserve$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 supersymmetry. In particular, we consider solutions which exhibit some key features of the four-dimensional DGKT proposal for compactifications on Calabi-Yau manifolds with fluxes, and in this sense may be considered their ten-dimensional uplifts. We focus on the supersymmetry equations and Bianchi identities, and find solutions to these that are valid at the two-derivative level and at first order in an expansion parameter which is related to the AdS cosmological constant. This family of solutions is such that the background metric is deformed from the Ricci-flat one to one exhibiting SU(3) × SU(3)-structure, and dilaton gradients and warp factors are induced.
Finite size effects in classical string solutions of the Schrödinger geometry
Authors: Zoakos Dimitrios 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study finite size corrections to the semiclassical string solutions of the Schrödinger spacetime. We compute the leading order exponential corrections to the infinite size dispersion relation of the single spin giant magnon and of the single spin single spike solutions. The solutions live in a S3 subspace of the five-sphere and extent in the Schrödinger part of the metric. In the limit of zero deformation the finite size dispersion relations flow to the undeformed AdS5 × S5 counterparts and in the infinite size limit the correction term vanishes and the known infinite size dispersion relations are obtained.
Spontaneous baryogenesis from axions with generic couplings
Authors: Domcke Valerie , Ema Yohei , Mukaida Kyohei , Yamada Masaki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Axion-like particles can source the baryon asymmetry of our Universe through spontaneous baryogenesis. Here we clarify that this is a generic outcome for essentially any coupling of an axion-like particle to the Standard Model, requiring only a non-zero velocity of the classical axion field while baryon or lepton number violating interactions are present in thermal bath. In particular, coupling the axions only to gluons is sufficient to generate a baryon asymmetry in the presence of electroweak sphalerons or the Weinberg operator. Deriving the transport equation for an arbitrary set of couplings of the axion-like particle, we provide a general framework in which these results can be obtained immediately. If all the operators involved are efficient, it suffices to solve an algebraic equation to obtain the final asymmetries. Otherwise one needs to solve a simple set of differential equations. This formalism clarifies some theoretical subtleties such as redundancies in the axion coupling to the Standard Model particles associated with a field rotation. We demonstrate how our formalism automatically evades potential pitfalls in the calculation of the final baryon asymmetry.
Hormonal axes in Drosophila: regulation of hormone release and multiplicity of actions
Authors: Nässel Dick R. , Zandawala Meet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHormones regulate development, as well as many vital processes in the daily life of an animal. Many of these hormones are peptides that act at a higher hierarchical level in the animal with roles as organizers that globally orchestrate metabolism, physiology and behavior. Peptide hormones can act on multiple peripheral targets and simultaneously convey basal states, such as metabolic status and sleep-awake or arousal across many central neuronal circuits. Thereby, they coordinate responses to changing internal and external environments. The activity of neurosecretory cells is controlled either by (1) cell autonomous sensors, or (2) by other neurons that relay signals from sensors in peripheral tissues and (3) by feedback from target cells. Thus, a hormonal signaling axis commonly comprises several components. In mammals and other vertebrates, several hormonal axes are known, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis or the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis that regulate reproduction and metabolism, respectively. It has been proposed that the basic organization of such hormonal axes is evolutionarily old and that cellular homologs of the hypothalamic-pituitary system can be found for instance in insects. To obtain an appreciation of the similarities between insect and vertebrate neurosecretory axes, we review the organization of neurosecretory cell systems in Drosophila. Our review outlines the major peptidergic hormonal pathways known in Drosophila and presents a set of schemes of hormonal axes and orchestrating peptidergic systems. The detailed organization of the larval and adult Drosophila neurosecretory systems displays only very basic similarities to those in other arthropods and vertebrates.
Competing interplay between systemic and periodontal inflammation: obesity overrides the impact of oral periphery
Authors: Meisel Peter , Pink Christiane , Pitchika Vinay , Nauck Matthias , Völzke Henry , Kocher Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
We aimed at investigating whether the interaction between the local inflammation, periodontitis, and obesity is independently associated with systemic inflammation.

Methods
From the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania, 3366 participants, without (2366) and with (1000) obesity, were studied for the association of periodontitis, measured as probing depth (PD) and plaque together with body mass index (BMI) on C-reactive protein (CRP). Quantile regression was used to evaluate the association between periodontal, anthropometric, and inflammatory variables (outcomes).

Results
The overall prevalence of obesity in this adult population was 31.4% in men and 28.1% in women. Both PD and plaque were positively associated with CRP, revealing an increasing impact across the CRP concentration distribution. Adjusting the regression of CRP or fibrinogen on PD for waist circumference attenuated but did not abolish the PD coefficients. Dental plaque was similarly associated with these interrelations. Association between PD and a dental plaque was different among participants with low-, medium-, or high-risk CRP concentrations.

Conclusion
Local and systemic sources of inflammation contribute to blood levels of inflammatory markers. The respective contributions depend on the relative rate in each of the inflammation-inducing risks and are dominated by adiposity.

Clinical relevance
Keeping systemic inflammation low in order to prevent age-related disease sequelae.
Fractal dimension in CBCT images as predictor for MRONJ: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bachtler R. , Walter Ch. , Schulze Ralf K. W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
To estimate boxcounting fractal dimension in a standardized approach in CBCT images of the mandible and maxilla in a group of patients with MRONJ in comparison to a healthy control group.

Material and methods
From our records, a study group consisting of 80 maxillary and mandibular CBCTs in 77 cases of patients having MRONJ was collected. The control group consisted of 84 mandibular and maxillary CBCTs in a total of 78 patients. Using the boxcounting method, fractal dimension (FD) was estimated in a standardized fashion either cranially to the apex of the canine (maxilla) or beneath the tooth apices of the lower molars in the bone area above the mandibular canal (mandible). Intra-observer reproducibility of the FD-measurements was assessed by 6 repeated measurements in 10 individuals. FD values were correlated to age and sex of the individuals as well as to region of interest (ROI) sizes.

Results
FD in the study group (1.684 ± 0.051) was roughly 3.5 % lower than in the control group (1.745 ± 0.026, p < 0.0001). Sex and age had a significant (p < 0.001) influence on FD values in the study group, yet not in the control group. FD values increased with age (study group, spearman-rho: 0.2895, p < 0.05) and also ROI size (both groups, p < 0.0001). Reproducibility was good (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.87).

Conclusions
Fractal dimension as assessed by boxcounting seems to be a good descriptor for MRONJ in jaw bones. Influence of age and sex on the outcome values needs to be further investigated in future studies.

Clinical relevance
CBCTs could be assessed with respect to FD to obtain an overview of the disease status of MRONJ patients.
WR-3 Band Waveguide Filter Tolerance Analysis and Surface Metallization Comparison
Authors: Miek Daniel , Kamrath Fynn , Boe Patrick , Höft Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a fifth-order WR-3 band waveguide filter with two transmission zeros (TZs) is presented. The design process is described and manufacturing issues are addressed. The filter is designed to fulfill a center frequency of 237.9 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 2.64%. Three identical filters are manufactured with the classical computerized numerical control (CNC) milling technique in order to obtain information about the manufacturing repeatability for filter structures in the WR-3 band. The comparison shows that even in very high frequency regions a good repeatability can be achieved, if modern high-speed cutting (HSC) CNC milling machines are used. A comprehensive tolerance analysis is accomplished to classify the obtained results. The filters were manufactured from brass to ensure a meaningful comparability and due to the good machining qualities in CNC machines. In order to reduce the losses, the filters are afterwards sputtered with different materials (gold, silver, copper) to evaluate the effect on the insertion loss at very high frequencies. In comparison with the literature, it is shown that even narrow-band filters, which show a high sensitivity to machining tolerances, can be manufactured with high reliability and manufacturing repeatability in modern CNC milling machines. One of the measured filters shows a return loss higher than 20 dB over the whole passband.
Immune Alterations in a Patient with SARS-CoV-2-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Bouadma Lila , Wiedemann Aurélie , Patrier Juliette , Surénaud Mathieu , Wicky Paul-Henri , Foucat Emile , Diehl Jean-Luc , Hejblum Boris P. , Sinnah Fabrice , de Montmollin Etienne , Lacabaratz Christine , Thiébaut Rodolphe , Timsit J. F. , Lévy Yves 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report a longitudinal analysis of the immune response associated with a fatal case of COVID-19 in Europe. This patient exhibited a rapid evolution towards multiorgan failure. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in multiple nasopharyngeal, blood, and pleural samples, despite antiviral and immunomodulator treatment. Clinical evolution in the blood was marked by an increase (2–3-fold) in differentiated effector T cells expressing exhaustion (PD-1) and senescence (CD57) markers, an expansion of antibody-secreting cells, a 15-fold increase in γδ T cell and proliferating NK-cell populations, and the total disappearance of monocytes, suggesting lung trafficking. In the serum, waves of a pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, Th1 and Th2 activation, and markers of T cell exhaustion, apoptosis, cell cytotoxicity, and endothelial activation were observed until the fatal outcome. This case underscores the need for well-designed studies to investigate complementary approaches to control viral replication, the source of the hyperinflammatory status, and immunomodulation to target the pathophysiological response. The investigation was conducted as part of an overall French clinical cohort assessing patients with COVID-19 and registered in clinicaltrials.gov under the following number: NCT04262921.
Optimizing Predictive Performance of Bayesian Forecasting for Vancomycin Concentration in Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Guo Tingjie , van Hest Reinier M. , Zwep Laura B. , Roggeveen Luca F. , Fleuren Lucas M. , Bosman Rob J. , van der Voort Peter H. J. , Girbes Armand R. J. , Mathot Ron A. A. , Elbers Paul W. G. , van Hasselt Johan G. C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Bayesian forecasting is crucial for model-based dose optimization based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data of vancomycin in intensive care (ICU) patients. We aimed to evaluate the performance of Bayesian forecasting using maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation for model-based TDM.

Methods
We used a vancomycin TDM data set (n = 408 patients). We compared standard MAP-based Bayesian forecasting with two alternative approaches: (i) adaptive MAP which handles data over multiple iterations, and (ii) weighted MAP which weights the likelihood contribution of data. We evaluated the percentage error (PE) for seven scenarios including historical TDM data from the preceding day up to seven days.

Results
The mean of median PEs of all scenarios for the standard MAP, adaptive MAP and weighted MAP method were − 7.7%, −4.5% and − 6.7%. The adaptive MAP also showed the narrowest inter-quartile range of PE. In addition, regardless of MAP method, including historical TDM data further in the past will increase prediction errors.

Conclusions
The proposed adaptive MAP method outperforms standard MAP in predictive performance and may be considered for improvement of model-based dose optimization. The inclusion of historical data beyond either one day (standard MAP and weighted MAP) or two days (adaptive MAP) reduces predictive performance.