bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New and Worsening Long‐term Immune‐Related Adverse Events with PD‐1/PD‐L1 Pathway Agents in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Hall Kevin H. , Liu Yuan , Jiang Chen , Harvey R. Donald 
Published: December 2019

Study ObjectivesImmune checkpoint inhibitors have produced durable responses across a variety of cancers. Although programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) and its ligand (PD‐L1) inhibitors activate T cells against tumor cells, they may also cause autoimmune‐like toxicities termed immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Although much is known regarding irAEs that occur early during treatment, data on the long‐term toxicity profile of these agents are more limited. Our primary objective was to evaluate the frequency of patients receiving anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy for at least 6 continuous months who experienced new or worsening irAEs requiring clinical interventions. Secondary objectives included assessment of other factors associated with clinically significant irAEs after at least 6 months of therapy.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingLarge university‐affiliated National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer center.PatientsA total of 159 adults diagnosed with any malignancy who received a PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor—nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab—as monotherapy or with concurrent cytotoxic agents, for at least 6 months, between January 1, 2014, and September 1, 2017.Measurements and Main ResultsWe collected information on the incidence and timing of irAEs, along with patient demographics and other treatment outcomes. Thirty‐eight patients (24%) experienced clinically significant, new, or worsening irAEs after 6 months of treatment with anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy. Hypothyroidism was the most common irAE experienced (20 patients [12.6%]), followed by pneumonitis (5 patients [3%]); 2 patients died due to pneumonitis. Four patients (2.5%) had a deepened disease response beyond 6 months of treatment.ConclusionOur results revealed that a significant proportion of patients continue to experience irAEs with long‐term use of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors. These results further contribute to the risk‐benefit understanding of chronic PD‐1/PD‐L1 antagonism and support discontinuation of these agents following deepest response.
Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 55)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Dunlop Ewan D. , Hohl‐Ebinger Jochen , Yoshita Masahiro , Kopidakis Nikos , Ho‐Baillie Anita W.Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since July 2019 are reviewed.
The construction of personal geographies among Romanian older migrants in Switzerland
Authors: Ciobanu Ruxandra Oana , Bolzman Claudio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses the construction of personal geographies of (im)mobility among Romanian older migrants in Switzerland and those who moved back to Romania after having lived in Switzerland. The analysis draws on 32 biographical narrative interviews with Romanian migrants aged 57 and older. This is a heterogeneous population consisting of former political refugees, family migrants, and return migrants. The paper reconstructs the strategies refugees used to maintain ties to their homeland during the communist regime, when it was difficult to physically return home, and during the first attempts to re‐establish concrete ties after the fall of the dictatorship. Since then older Romanians have developed a variety of personal geographies of (im)mobility: cutting ties to Romania, tourism, back‐and‐forth trips, attempted, and concrete return. The paper's contributions derive from applying a life course perspective to the study of migration, focusing on little studied groups and on concrete return behaviour and not just intentions.
Standardization on performance objectives of satellite systems using adaptive coding and modulation
Authors: Kim Sooyoung , Oh Daesub , Park Jongmin 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe radiocommunication part of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU‐R) establishes the standards for wireless communications. Recommendation ITU‐R S.1062 specifies the performance objectives for satellite communication systems providing constant bit rate service. However, this is not applicable to most modern satellite communication systems utilizing adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) schemes to compensate for channel impairments, especially for systems operating in high frequency bands. For this reason, ITU‐R recently developed Recommendation ITU‐R S.2131 that is suitable for satellite systems with ACM. The developed Recommendation provides a method to determine performance objectives for satellite systems using ACM. Two possible objective parameters are presented, including packet error rate and spectral efficiency. This paper presents the standardization process, and the background used to establish new performance objectives. In addition, interpretations of the objectives are given by using estimation results for two different propagation characteristics.
LGBT rights in Chile: On the verge of a gay‐rights revolution?
Authors: Schulenberg Shawn 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the history of the LGBT + movement in Chile, the opposition to LGBT + rights, and the general state of public opinion. This should set us up to see how strong of an actor these social movement organizations, what their desires are, and how well equipped they are to take on the opposition. Second, we will consider the legal status quo of same‐sex unions. Does the Constitution take a stand on it or must we look elsewhere in the law to see how marriage is defined? Moreover, this should also tell us if we can use all three branches of government to change the law. The next section of the paper will methodically examine the power and preferences of actors in all three branches of government. Who has the power to change the law for same‐sex partnership recognition? Finally, this paper explains why the presidency played a key role in passing civil union legislation, but there is still reason to be skeptical that marriage or adoption rights will be recognized anytime soon.
Gaseous Ozonation at Low Concentration Modifies Functional, Pasting, and Thermal Properties of Arrowroot Starch (Maranta arundinaceae)
Authors: Handarini Kejora , Hamdani Jajang Sauman , Cahyana Yana , Setiasih Imas Siti 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGaseous ozone at 13 parts per million (ppm) is applied repeatedly (10–30 cycles) to oxidize dry arrowroot starch. The ozonation increases carboxyl content of the starch by 0.13–0.52%. The starch granule surface becomes rougher and it exhibits a presence of fissure particularly at 30 cycles. Crystallinity decreases with the increase of ozonation cycle but the A‐type pattern of the native starch remains unchanged. Swelling volume, solubility, water absorption capacity, and gel strength of the native starch increases following ozonation particularly at 30 cycles. Freeze–thaw stability is also augmented as indicated by a decrease in syneresis. The ozonation at 10, 20 and 30 cycles remarkably decreases the syneresis of native starch (5.24%) to 0.02%, 0.002% and 0.001% respectively. No effect of ozonation on pasting point is observed but an increase of values of the other pasting properties is noted. Regarding thermal properties, the ozonation increases T0 of the arrowroot starch. The decrease in ΔT, along with the increase in ΔH of the ozonated starch, suggests that the ozonation leads to the formation of more homogenous and stronger crystallites. Overall, the effectiveness of gaseous ozonation at low concentration on modifying starch properties is dependent on the number of ozonation cycles.
Extraction, correlation, and abstraction of event data for process mining
Authors: Diba Kiarash , Batoulis Kimon , Weidlich Matthias , Weske Mathias 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProcess mining provides a rich set of techniques to discover valuable knowledge of business processes based on data that was recorded in different types of information systems. It enables analysis of end‐to‐end processes to facilitate process re‐engineering and process improvement. Process mining techniques rely on the availability of data in the form of event logs. In order to enable process mining in diverse environments, the recorded data need to be located and transformed to event logs. The journey from raw data to event logs suitable for process mining can be addressed by a variety of methods and techniques, which are the focus of this article. In particular, techniques proposed in the literature to support the creation of event logs from raw data are reviewed and classified. This includes techniques for identification and extraction of the required event data from diverse sources as well as their correlation and abstraction.This article is categorized under:Technologies > Structure Discovery and ClusteringFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data ConceptsTechnologies > Data Preprocessing
Powder interlayer bonding of geometrically complex Ti-6Al-4V parts
Authors: Watkins I. T. , Davies H. M. , Stanners O. G. , Marchisio S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPowder interlayer bonding (PIB) is a novel joining technique, which has been developed to facilitate high-integrity repairs of aerospace components, manufactured from commonly used titanium alloys. The PIB technique utilises an interlayer between complex geometric components which are mated under pressure and a highly localised heating source. In this study, induction heating enabled bonding in an inert fusion zone by use of an oxygen-displacing shielding gas, with particular attention to the initial heating and pressure application. These early stages proved crucial to the elimination of pores and consolidation of the alloy powder, with porosity volume fraction reduced to just 0.5% after just 20 sec at the bonding force. The technique has produced high-integrity bonds in alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V, retaining approximately 90% of the alloy strength in previous studies, offering advantages over established joining methods such as tungsten inert gas (TIG) and plasma arc (PA) welding due to a more highly localised heating and fusion zone. It is believed that powder interlayer bonding can compete against these techniques, providing a more time and cost-effective repair route for net shape components manufactured from a range of alloys with minimal post-processing.
Ultra-low HIV-1 p24 detection limits with a bioelectronic sensor
Authors: Macchia Eleonora , Sarcina Lucia , Picca Rosaria Anna , Manoli Kyriaki , Di Franco Cinzia , Scamarcio Gaetano , Torsi Luisa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarly diagnosis of the infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is vital to achieve efficient therapeutic treatment and limit the disease spreading when the viremia is at its highest level. To this end, a point-of-care HIV-1 detection carried out with label-free, low-cost, and ultra-sensitive screening technologies would be of great relevance. Herein, a label-free single molecule detection of HIV-1 p24 capsid protein with a large (wide-field) single-molecule transistor (SiMoT) sensor is proposed. The system is based on an electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor whose gate is bio-functionalized with the antibody against the HIV-1 p24 capsid protein. The device exhibits a limit of detection of a single protein and a limit of quantification in the 10 molecule range. This study paves the way for a low-cost technology that can quantify, with single-molecule precision, the transition of a biological organism from being “healthy” to being “diseased” by tracking a target biomarker. This can open to the possibility of performing the earliest possible diagnosis.
Spectrochemical differentiation of meningioma tumours based on attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy
Authors: Lilo Taha , Morais Camilo L. M. , Ashton Katherine M. , Pardilho Ana , Davis Charles , Dawson Timothy P. , Gurusinghe Nihal , Martin Francis L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMeningiomas are the commonest types of tumours in the central nervous system (CNS). It is a benign type of tumour divided into three WHO grades (I, II and III) associated with tumour growth rate and likelihood of recurrence, where surgical outcomes and patient treatments are dependent on the meningioma grade and histological subtype. The development of alternative approaches based on attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy could aid meningioma grade determination and its biospectrochemical profiling in an automated fashion. Herein, ATR-FTIR in combination with chemometric techniques is employed to distinguish grade I, grade II and grade I meningiomas that re-occurred. Ninety-nine patients were investigated in this study where their formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) brain tissue samples were analysed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Subsequent classification was performed via principal component analysis plus linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) and partial least squares plus discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PLS-DA gave the best results where grade I and grade II meningiomas were discriminated with 79% accuracy, 80% sensitivity and 73% specificity, while grade I versus grade I recurrence and grade II versus grade I recurrence were discriminated with 94% accuracy (94% sensitivity and specificity) and 97% accuracy (97% sensitivity and 100% specificity), respectively. Several wavenumbers were identified as possible biomarkers towards tumour differentiation. The majority of these were associated with lipids, protein, DNA/RNA and carbohydrate alterations. These findings demonstrate the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy towards meningioma grade discrimination as a fast, low-cost, non-destructive and sensitive tool for clinical settings.
Log transformation of proficiency testing data on the content of genetically modified organisms in food and feed samples: is it justified?
Authors: Broothaerts Wim , Cordeiro Fernando , Corbisier Philippe , Robouch Piotr , Emons Hendrik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe outcome of proficiency tests (PTs) is influenced, among others, by the evaluation procedure chosen by the PT provider. In particular for PTs on GMO testing a log-data transformation is often applied to fit skewed data distributions into a normal distribution. The study presented here has challenged this commonly applied approach. The 56 data populations from proficiency testing rounds organised since 2010 by the European Union Reference Laboratory for Genetically Modified Food and Feed (EURL GMFF) were used to investigate the assumption of a normal distribution of reported results within a PT. Statistical evaluation of the data distributions, composed of 3178 reported results, revealed that 41 of the 56 datasets showed indeed a normal distribution. For 10 datasets, the deviation from normality was not statistically significant at the raw or log scale, indicating that the normality assumption cannot be rejected. The normality of the five remaining datasets was statistically significant after log-data transformation. These datasets, however, appeared to be multimodal as a result of technical/experimental issues with the applied methods. On the basis of the real datasets analysed herein, it is concluded that the log transformation of reported data in proficiency testing rounds is often not necessary and should be cautiously applied. It is further shown that the log-data transformation, when applied to PT results, favours the positive performance scoring for overestimated results and strongly penalises underestimated results. The evaluation of the participants’ performance without prior transformation of their results may highlight rather than hide relevant underlying analytical problems and is recommended as an outcome of this study.
Looking beyond the audiogram in ototoxicity associated with platinum-based chemotherapy
Authors: Baguley David M. , Prayuenyong Pattarawadee 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Ototoxicity associated with platinum-based chemotherapy is highly prevalent and can cause detrimental consequences among cancer survivors.

Discussion
In this article, we highlight important aspects of the evaluation of ototoxicity with the aim to increase awareness of Oncologists in this regard. Standard pure tone audiometry alone is inadequate for this context. Comprehensive and consistent hearing tests should be implemented in a monitoring and surveillance program. High-frequency audiometry (10–16 kHz) is a sensitive tool in the detection of ototoxic hearing loss at onset. In addition to threshold audiometry, measures of speech comprehension (both in quiet and in noise) can add useful information in the evaluation of hearing in real-life situations. Not only hearing loss, but also tinnitus and imbalance are common in patients who receive platinum-based chemotherapy, and can cause debilitating effects upon quality of life in this population. Moreover, self-report measures associated with cochlear and vestibular handicaps can provide valuable information regarding the impact of ototoxicity.

Conclusions
It is vital to build awareness about the variety and impact of the symptoms of ototoxicity. Comprehensive evaluation of hearing status along with self-reported impact of the cochlear and vestibular handicap should be implemented in a monitoring and surveillance program for appropriate investigation and management.
Resting-state network topology and planning ability in healthy adults
Authors: Vriend Chris , Wagenmakers Margot J. , van den Heuvel Odile A. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have been used extensively to investigate the brain areas that are recruited during the Tower of London (ToL) task. Nevertheless, little research has been devoted to study the neural correlates of the ToL task using a network approach. Here we investigated the association between functional connectivity and network topology during resting-state fMRI and ToL task performance, that was performed outside the scanner. Sixty-two (62) healthy subjects (21–74 years) underwent eyes-closed rsfMRI and performed the task on a laptop. We studied global (whole-brain) and within subnetwork resting-state topology as well as functional connectivity between subnetworks, with a focus on the default-mode, fronto-parietal and dorsal and ventral attention networks. Efficiency and clustering coefficient were calculated to measure network integration and segregation, respectively, at both the global and subnetwork level. Our main finding was that higher global efficiency was associated with slower performance (β = 0.22,Pbca = 0.04) and this association seemed mainly driven by inter-individual differences in default-mode network connectivity. The reported results were independent of age, sex, education-level and motion. Although this finding is contrary to earlier findings on general cognition, we tentatively hypothesize that the reported association may indicate that individuals with a more integrated brain during the resting-state are less able to further increase network efficiency when transitioning from a rest to task state, leading to slower responses. This study also adds to a growing body of literature supporting a central role for the default-mode network in individual differences in cognitive performance.
The geodesics in Liouville quantum gravity are not Schramm–Loewner evolutions
Authors: Miller Jason , Qian Wei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe prove that the geodesics associated with any metric generated from Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) which satisfies certain natural hypotheses are necessarily singular with respect to the law of any type of $$\mathrm{SLE}_\kappa $$

SLE
κ

. These hypotheses are satisfied by the LQG metric for $$\gamma =\sqrt{8/3}$$

γ
=

8
/
3

constructed by the first author and Sheffield, and subsequent work by Gwynne and the first author has shown that there is a unique metric which satisfies these hypotheses for each $$\gamma \in (0,2)$$

γ
∈
(
0
,
2
)

. As a consequence of our analysis, we also establish certain regularity properties of LQG geodesics which imply, among other things, that they are conformally removable.
Current knowledge on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small-bowel damage: a comprehensive review
Authors: Watanabe Toshio , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Chan Francis K. L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent advances in small-bowel endoscopy such as capsule endoscopy have shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) frequently damage the small intestine, with the prevalence rate of mucosal breaks of around 50% in chronic users. A significant proportion of patients with NSAIDs-induced enteropathy are asymptomatic, but some patients develop symptomatic or complicated ulcers that need therapeutic intervention. Both inhibition of prostaglandins due to the inhibition of cyclooxygenases and mitochondrial dysfunction secondary to the topical effect of NSAIDs play a crucial role in the early process of injury. As a result, the intestinal barrier function is impaired, which allows enterobacteria to invade the mucosa. Gram-negative bacteria and endogenous molecules coordinate to trigger inflammatory cascades via Toll-like receptor 4 to induce excessive expression of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that processes pro-interleukin-1β into its mature form. Finally, neutrophils accumulate in the mucosa, resulting in intestinal ulceration. Currently, misoprostol is the only drug that has a proven beneficial effect on bleeding small intestinal ulcers induced by NSAIDs or low-dose aspirin, but its protection is insufficient. Therefore, the efficacy of the combination of misoprostol with other drugs, especially those targeting the innate immune system, should be assessed in the next step.
Path complexity and bicyclist route choice set quality assessment
Authors: Koch Thomas , Knapen Luk , Dugundji Elenna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEveryday route choices made by bicyclists are known to be more difficult to explain than vehicle routes, yet prediction of these choices is essential for guiding infrastructural investment in safe cycling. Building route choice sets is a difficult task. Even including detailed attributes such as the number of left turns, the number of speed bumps, distance and other route choice properties we still see that choice set quality measures suggest poor replication of observed paths. In this paper we study how the concept of route complexity can help generate and analyze plausible choice sets in the demand modeling process. The complexity of a given path in a graph is the minimum number of shortest paths that is required to specify that path. Complexity is a path attribute which could potentially be considered to be important for route choice in a similar way. The complexity was determined for a large set of observed routes and for routes in the generated choice sets for the corresponding origin-destination pairs. The respective distributions are shown to be significantly different so that the choice sets do not reflect the traveler preferences, this is in line with classical choice set quality indicators. Secondly, we investigate often used choice set quality methods and formulate measures that are less sensitive to small differences between routes that can be argued to be insignificant or irrelevant. Such difference may be partially due to inaccuracy in map-matching observations to dense urban road networks.