bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is intersectionality and why is it important in oral health research?
Authors: Elaine Muirhead Vanessa , Milner Adrienne , Freeman Ruth , Doughty Janine , Macdonald Mary Ellen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper is the second of two reviews that seek to stimulate debate on new and neglected avenues in oral health research. The first commissioned narrative review, “Inclusion oral health: Advancing a theoretical framework for policy, research and practice”, published in February 2020, explored social exclusion, othering and intersectionality. In it, we argued that people who experience social exclusion face a “triple threat”: they are separated from mainstream society, stigmatized by the dental profession, and severed from wider health and social care systems because of the disconnection between oral health and general health. We proposed a definition ofinclusion oral healthand a theoretical framework to advance the policy, research and practice agenda. This second review delves further into the concept of intersectionality, arguing that individuals who are socially excluded experience multiple forms of discrimination, stigma and disadvantage that reflect intersecting social identities. We first provide a theoretical and historical overview of intersectionality, rooted in Black feminist ideologies in the United States. Our working definition of intersectionality, requiring the simultaneous appreciation of multiple social identities, an examination of power and inequality, and a recognition of changing social contexts, then sets the scene for examining existing applications of intersectionality in oral health research. A critique of the sparse application of intersectionality in oral health research highlights missed opportunities and shortcomings related to paradigmatic and epistemological differences, a lack of robust theoretically engaged quantitative and mixed methods research, and a failure to sufficiently consider power from an intersectionality perspective. The final section proposes a framework to guide future oral health research that embraces an intersectionality agenda consisting of descriptive research to deepen our understanding of intersectionality, and transformative research to tackle social injustice and inequities through participatory research and co‐production.
Climate change and ageing in ectotherms
Authors: Burraco Pablo , Orizaola Germán , Monaghan Pat , Metcalfe Neil B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman activity is changing climatic conditions at an unprecedented rate. The impact of these changes may be especially acute on ectotherms since they have limited capacities to use metabolic heat to maintain their body temperature. An increase in temperature is likely to increase the growth rate of ectothermic animals, and may also induce thermal stress via increased exposure to heat waves. Fast growth and thermal stress are metabolically demanding, and both factors can increase oxidative damage to essential biomolecules, accelerating the rate of ageing. Here, we explore the potential impact of global warming on ectotherm ageing through its effects on reactive oxygen species production, oxidative damage, and telomere shortening, at the individual and intergenerational levels. Most evidence derives primarily from vertebrates, although the concepts are broadly applicable to invertebrates. We also discuss candidate mechanisms that could buffer ectotherms from the potentially negative consequences of climate change on ageing. Finally, we suggest some potential applications of the study of ageing mechanisms for the implementation of conservation actions. We find a clear need for more ecological, biogeographical, and evolutionary studies on the impact of global climate change on patterns of ageing rates in wild populations of ectotherms facing warming conditions. Understanding the impact of warming on animal life histories, and on ageing in particular, needs to be incorporated into the design of measures to preserve biodiversity to improve their effectiveness.
Diverse Ways of Thinking and Performing Return Migration: Colombians and Romanians in Europe
Authors: Bermudez Anastasia , Paraschivescu Claudia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA transnational‐mobility approach helps us understand better the ways in which current migrants consider and experience return migration in the European context, taking into account how different factors enabling and constraining return intersect with each other to expose increasingly complex mobilities. We explore this by looking at the experiences of two migrant groups, Colombians and Romanians, considering socio‐economic and political contexts, family circumstances and sense of belonging in return perceptions and experiences. Based on in‐depth studies using mostly qualitative data, the analysis focuses on three categories: migrant return considerations, experiences of return to the country of origin and mixed mobilities involving return. We find that some migrants relate to, or engage in, return as part of open‐ended mobilities based on both structural and emotional considerations, in the process disturbing notions of what is “home” or “host” in relation to the country of origin and settlement.
Are firm characteristics priced differently between opposite short‐sales regimes?
Authors: Bai Min 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper examines how the short‐sales constraints on stocks affect the pricing of firm characteristics—size, book‐to‐market ratio, liquidity, earnings‐to‐price ratio and dividend yield. Using a unique feature of Hong Kong regulations on short selling that, at each point of time, only a designated list of stocks can be sold short, we find that stocks not allowed to be sold short have higher adjusted returns, exhibit more prominent size effect and offer higher compensation for lagged illiquidity than stocks that can be sold short. The results also indicate that the presence of both short‐sales constraints and opinion dispersion would cause contemporaneous returns to rise and future returns to fall by more than those caused by the opinion dispersion only. Practically, when financial analysts evaluate the stocks, or fund managers construct their trading strategies based on some financial anomalies, the shortability of the assets has to be a very important factor to be considered.
The dynamics of migrants’ matrimonial relationship and family ties in exodus and places of arrival (in the cities of Lensk, Yakutsk, Mirny)
Authors: Dekabrina Vinokurova 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article analyses the influence of family ties on migration and discusses the selection and dynamic of changes that depend on the duration of residence in the Republic of Sakha, Russian Far East. The article is based on a study in three Far Eastern industrial towns, Lensk, Mirny and Yakutsk, where people were questioned about the history and motivations for their change of residence. The data is complemented with anthropological long time fieldwork. To explain the migration processes in the region, the data was placed in historical and economic context. Apart from migration, vectors were also the respondents’ connections to different places and their families. This is the first large study of the migration where data was collected using questionnaires, whereas earlier researchers failed to pay sufficient attention to the types and duration of migrant family relationships in the places of exodus. The research demonstrates differences in dynamics and reasons behind the migration, but also reveals a picture of a highly mobile population in the Russian Far East.
Piezo/pyro/photo‐catalysis activities in Ba0.85Ca0.15(Ti0.9Zr0.1)1‐xFexO3 ceramics
Authors: Sharma Moolchand , Vaish Rahul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBa0.85Ca0.15(Ti0.9Zr0.1)1‐xFexO3 (x = 0, 0.5, and 1%) ceramics were studied for piezocatalysis, photocatalysis, and pyrocatalysis using dye degradation in the simulated wastewater. The effect of electrical poling was also performed and found a significant impact of poling on all three catalytic reactions. Fe decreased the optical bandgap of Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 (BCZTO) to the visible region. Bandgap for x = 0, 0.005, and 0.01 was found to be 3.14 eV, 2.75 eV, and 2.61 eV, respectively. Interestingly, visible light photocatalytic activity was observed after Fe inclusion in BCZTO lattice. These compositions have also demonstrated dye degradation under ultrasonication (piezocatalytsis) and during temporal temperature change (pyrocatalysis). Results indicate promising multicatalysis in BCZTO ceramics which can be tuned using Fe substitution.
Cognitive and affective processes for learning science in immersive virtual reality
Authors: Parong Jocelyn , Mayer Richard E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs immersive virtual reality (IVR) systems proliferate in classrooms, it is important to understand how they affect learning outcomes and the underlying affective and cognitive processes that may cause these outcomes. Proponents argue that IVR could improve learning by increasing positive affective and cognitive processing, thereby supporting improved performance on tests of learning outcome, whereas opponents of IVR contend that it could hurt learning by increasing distraction, thereby disrupting cognitive learning processes and leading to poorer learning outcomes. In a media comparison study, students viewed a biology lesson either as an interactive animated journey in IVR or as a slideshow on a desktop monitor. Those who viewed the IVR lesson performed significantly worse on transfer tests, reported higher emotional arousal, reported more extraneous cognitive load and showed less engagement based on EEG measures than those who viewed the slideshow lesson, with or without practice questions added to the lessons. Mediational analyses showed that the lower retention scores for the IVR lesson were related to an increase in self‐reported extraneous cognitive load and emotional arousal. These results support the notion that immersive environments create high affective and cognitive distraction, which leads to poorer learning outcomes than desktop environments.
Acute left atrial ridge lesion after cryoballoon ablation: How does this affect left atrial appendage closure combined procedure?
Authors: Ren Zhongyuan , Jia Peng , Wang Songyun , Li Shuang , Li Hailing , Guo Rong , Zhang Jingying , Zhang Jun , Yang Haotian , Meng Weilun , Zheng Yixing , Xu Yawei , Zhao Dongdong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute left atrial ridge (LAR) lesions have been observed following atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. However, LAR lesions had not yet been quantitatively evaluated and their influence on procedure combining cryoballoon (CB) ablation with left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) remained to be explored.MethodsThe profile of LAR lesions was measured by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in 117 consecutive nonvalvular AF patients, who underwent the combined procedure of CB ablation and LAAC. We thoroughly investigated how LAR lesions correlated with baseline variables and clinical outcomes.ResultsA total of 95 out of 96 available TEE images presented prominent acute LAR lesions. In terms of dimensions, there was a greater change in width (Δwidth = 3.6 ± 2.3 mm) than the thickness (Δthickness = 2.6 ± 3.5 mm), and the outer ostium was narrowed (Δouter ostium diameter = −3.4 ± 4.0 mm), while the inner ostium remained unchanged. A higher nadir temperature when freezing the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) led to an LAR lesion with a two times greater width (adjusted odds ratio = 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.31). In the evaluation of LAAC outcomes, four patients implanted with Watchman devices had minimal residual flow at the inferior border, while two implanted with LAmbre devices developed residual flow at the LAR side. Clinical outcomes were similar between groups divided by lesion size.ConclusionAcute LAR lesions frequently occurred following the CB ablation combined procedure, and lesion width positively correlates with LSPV nadir temperature. The presence of these lesions affects the measurement of pacifier devices but has little impact on that of occluder devices.
The evolving field of Dermato‐oncology and the role of dermatologists: Position Paper of the EADO, EADV and Task Forces, EDF, IDS, EBDV–UEMS and EORTC Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force
Authors: Garbe C. , Peris K. , Soura E. , Forsea A.M. , Hauschild A. , Arenbergerova M. , Bylaite M. , del Marmol V. , Bataille V. , Samimi M. , Gandini S. , Saiag P. , Eigentler T.K. , Lallas A. , Zalaudek I. , Lebbe C. , Grob J.‐J. , Hoeller C. , Robert C. , Dréno B. , Arenberger P. , Kandolf‐Sekulovic L. , Kaufmann R. , Malvehy J. , Puig S. , Leiter U. , Ribero S. , Papadavid E. , Quaglino P. , Bagot M. , John S.M. , Richard M.‐A. , Trakatelli M. , Salavastru C. , Borradori L. , Marinovic B. , Enk A. , Pincelli C. , Ioannides D. , Paul C. , Stratigos A.J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of skin cancers has been increasing steadily over the last decades. Although there have been significant breakthroughs in the management of skin cancers with the introduction of novel diagnostic tools and innovative therapies, skin cancer mortality, morbidity and costs heavily burden the society.ObjectiveMembers of the European Association of Dermato‐Oncology, European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, International Dermoscopy Society, European Dermatology Forum, European Board of Dermatovenereology of the European Union of Medical Specialists and EORTC Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force have joined this effort to emphasize the fundamental role that the specialist in Dermatology–Venereology has in the diagnosis and management of different types of skin cancer. We review the role of dermatologists in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up of patients with melanoma, non‐melanoma skin cancers and cutaneous lymphomas, and discuss approaches to optimize their involvement in effectively addressing the current needs and priorities of dermato‐oncology.DiscussionDermatologists play a crucial role in virtually all aspects of skin cancer management including the implementation of primary and secondary prevention, the formation of standardized pathways of care for patients, the establishment of specialized skin cancer treatment centres, the coordination of an efficient multidisciplinary team and the setting up of specific follow‐up plans for patients.ConclusionSkin cancers represent an important health issue for modern societies. The role of dermatologists is central to improving patient care and outcomes. In view of the emerging diagnostic methods and treatments for early and advanced skin cancer, and considering the increasingly diverse skills, knowledge and expertise needed for managing this heterogeneous group of diseases, dermato‐oncology should be considered as a specific subspecialty of Dermatology–Venereology.
Objective shade matching, communication, and reproduction by combining dental photography and numeric shade quantification
Authors: Hein Sascha , Modrić Danijela , Westland Stephen , Tomeček Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe subject of this case report is the application of a newly developed workflow for objective shade communication sans visual shade assessment or the use of shade guides.Clinical ConsiderationsClinical complications stemming from issues relating to esthetic integration can present a burden on the restorative team, often resulting in strenuous relationships among its members. The faithful imitation of the optical appearance of dental hard tissues with direct‐ and indirect restorations has been at the center of interest in a great number of publications from the realm of esthetic dentistry over the past 40 years. The present report describes a new approach to objective shade communication, by transcending the role of dental photography from its purely descriptive purpose to the level of quantification, thus abandoning the use of the established shading regimes and replacing them with a patient personal shade recipe based on the CIELAB color space instead.ConclusionsObjective shade communication is possible with the eLAB system by combining numeric shade quantification with dental photography.Clinical SignificanceThe eLAB system presents a viable alternative to the traditional approach to shade communication and shade matching in dentistry.
Barriers to hepatitis C direct‐acting antiviral therapy among HIV/hepatitis C virus‐coinfected persons
Authors: Jatt Lauren P. , Gandhi Malini M. , Guo Rong , Sukhija‐Cohen Adam , Bhattacharya Debika , Tseng Chi‐hong , Chew Kara W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimDirect‐acting antivirals (DAAs) have increased hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment opportunities for vulnerable HIV/HCV coinfected persons. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of and potential barriers to DAA prescription in HIV/HCV patients during the first few years of DAA availability in the United States.MethodsThe AIDS Healthcare Foundation electronic medical record system was queried to identify all HCV viremic HIV‐infected patients in care at AIDS Healthcare Foundation Healthcare centers in January 2015–August 2017 and compare characteristics by receipt of a DAA prescription. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with DAA prescription.ResultsOf 826 eligible patients, 355 (43%) were prescribed a DAA; among those not prescribed a DAA, 301 (64%) had well‐controlled HIV (HIV RNA ≤ 200 copies per mL). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, patients with a history of substance use (odds ratio [OR], 0.51 [95% confidence interval 0.35–0.73]) or on select HIV antiretroviral regimens were less likely to be prescribed a DAA. Those who had well‐controlled HIV (OR, 5.03 [3.06–8.27]), CD4 + T cell count >200 cells per mm3 (OR, 1.85 [1.04–3.30]), estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR, 3.32 [1.08–10.15]), or established care prior to January 2015 (OR, 1.57 [1.08–2.29] were more likely to be prescribed a DAA.ConclusionsIn addition to lack of HIV suppression, select antiretroviral regimens, substance use, and kidney disease appeared to limit DAA prescription in the early interferon‐free DAA era. Many were not prescribed DAAs despite HIV suppression. Further research is needed to determine if the observed associations persist today.
Effects of Transitions to Family Caregiving on Well‐Being: A Longitudinal Population‐Based Study
Authors: Haley William E. , Roth David L. , Sheehan Orla C. , Rhodes J. David , Huang Jin , Blinka Marcela D. , Howard Virginia J. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESFew studies have rigorously examined the magnitude of changes in well‐being after a transition into sustained and substantial caregiving, especially in population‐based studies, compared with matched noncaregiving controls.DESIGNWe identified individuals from a national epidemiological investigation who transitioned into caregiving over a 10‐ to 13‐year follow‐up and provided continuous in‐home care for at least 18 months and at least 5 hours per week. Individuals who did not become caregivers were individually matched with caregivers on age, sex, race, education, marital status, self‐rated health, and history of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Both groups were assessed at baseline and follow‐up.SETTINGREasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study.PARTICIPANTSA total of 251 incident caregivers and 251 matched controls.MEASUREMENTSPerceived Stress Scale (PSS), 10‐Item Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression (CES‐D), and 12‐item Short‐Form Health Survey quality‐of‐life mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) component scores.RESULTSCaregivers showed significantly greater worsening in PSS, CES‐D, and MCS, with standardized effect sizes ranging from 0.676 to 0.796 compared with changes in noncaregivers. A significant but smaller effect size was found for worsening PCS in caregivers (0.242). Taking on sustained caregiving was associated with almost a tripling of increased risk of transitioning to clinically significant depressive symptoms at follow‐up. Effects were not moderated by race, sex, or relationship to care recipient, but younger caregivers showed greater increases in CES‐D than older caregivers.CONCLUSIONPersons who began substantial, sustained family caregiving had marked worsening of psychological well‐being, and relatively smaller worsening of self‐reported physical health, compared with carefully matched noncaregivers. Previous estimates of effect sizes on caregiver well‐being have had serious limitations due to use of convenience sampling and cross‐sectional comparisons. Researchers, public policy makers, and clinicians should note these strong effects, and caregiver assessment and service provision for psychological well‐being deserve increased priority.
Beliefs about inevitable decline among home‐living older adults at risk of malnutrition: a qualitative study
Authors: Payne L. , Harris P. , Ghio D. , Slodkowska‐Barabasz J. , Sutcliffe M. , Kelly J. , Stroud M. , Little P. , Yardley L. , Morrison L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 14% of free‐living adults aged ≥65 years are at risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition screen and treat interventions in primary care are few, show mixed results, and the advice given is not always accepted and followed. We need to better understand the experiences and contexts of older adults when aiming to develop interventions that are engaging, optimally persuasive and relevant.MethodsUsing the Person‐based Approach, we carried out 23 semi‐structured interviews with purposively selected adults ≥65 years with chronic health or social conditions associated with malnutrition risk. Thematic analysis informed the development of key principles to guide planned intervention development.ResultsWe found that individuals’ beliefs about an inevitable decline in appetite and eating in older age compound the many and varied physical and physiological barriers that they experience. Also, we found that expectations of decline in appetite and physical ability may encourage resignation, reduce self‐efficacy to overcome barriers, and reduce motivation to address weight loss and/or recognise it as an issue that needs to be addressed. Fear of loss of independence may also reduce the likelihood of asking general practitioners for advice.ConclusionsThe key findings identified include a sense of resignation, multiple different barriers to eating and a need for independence, each underpinned by the expectation of a decline in older adulthood. Interventions need to address misperceptions about the inevitability of decline, highlight how and why diet recommendations are somewhat different from recommendations for the general population, and suggest easy ways to increase food intake that address common barriers.