bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Ozone gas on Air Temperature Change in Iraq and Some Surrounding Countries
Authors: Al-Jaf Swma J. , Al-Taai Osama T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Iraq faces one of the Middle East’s most climate-changing countries, facing many environmental challenges, the most important of which is rising temperatures above normal. The effect of chemical compounds on ozone gas and depletion leads to an increase in the ozone hole and consequently more sunlight reaches the atmosphere. The aim of this research is to study the effect of O3 and its effect on the rate of temperature. The data were obtained from satellites recorded by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). This study selects Iraq and adjacent areas from latitude 27 to 37 °N and longitude from 39 to 50 °E for years (2003-2016), where we studied the behavior of O3 gas concentration and its relationship to air temperature change. Due to the use of correlation coefficient between 3 O and temperature, it was found that the relationship was negative in most of the study stations because the weight gas is fluctuating gas, wherein Sulaymaniyah (Iraq) - 0.5, and in Mosul (Iraq) - 0.3, and in Baghdad station -0.2, while a positive relationship in the southern stations in Basrah station +0.4 and in Nasiriah station +0.3, As in adjacent regions were also positive in Jubail (K.S.A) +0.6, and negative in other neighbor regions.
Ground Water Hydrochemical Assessment at Rifai-Nasiriya district, Thi Qar Governorate- South Iraq
Authors: Al-Dabbas Moutaz A. , Mhajej Kareem G. , Kadum Weam H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The climate parameters (rainfall, Number of rainy days and temperature) data for the period from 1941 to 2009 for Nasiriya were investigated. The output reflect minimizing the numbers of rainy days and means yearly precipitation in the Nasiriya station, with the maximizing the yearly mean temperature. The chemical properties of sixteen samples of the shallow groundwater of the Quaternary sediments at Rifai-Nasiriya district are examined. Groundwater analysis indicates that the values of pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) are in the range of (6.9 to 7.8), (1645 to 68509) µS/cm, and (1158 to 47956) mg/l respectively. The results of groundwater analyses show brackish to salty water classes and indicate slightly mineralized to mineralized water. The groundwater is of two catigories Sulphate group with three families (Na - SO4) and (Mg - SO4), while the second is Chloride group having two families, (Ca- Cl) and (Na - Cl). The evaporation and dissolution of the evaporate rocks (gypsum and anhydrite) are the main factors affecting the groundwater as well as the weathering of the carbonate rocks. The water is not good because of the high salinity for any usage.
Adsorption of safranin dye from their aqueous solutions by using CA and Nano FeO/CA
Authors: Abdul Hussain Amna Faris , Halboos Mohanad H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The safranin dye adsorption from the surface of Nano Iron oxide, using UV-visible spectroscopy device. The effect of temperature within the range )328-298) Kelvin. In the adsorption, process of safranin dye was investigated. The results showed that the adsorption increased with increasing temperature, i.e. the reaction is endothermic (adsorption and absorption).Dye removal was (R% = 97.691) at acid medium. This study indicated the susceptibility of Nano Iron oxide (Nano FeO/CA) in removing safranin dye with a high efficiency of aqueous solution. The material Nano FeO / CA had a better adsorption capacity than CA at concentration of (5) ppm of the dye and was (1.910 mg / g).
THE EFFECTS OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE ENTEROBACTER GROUP
Authors: Al-Haidarey M. J. , Zwain K. A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In nature, E. coli takes place in different forms, separate from commensal to human or animal hosts pathogenies. Though E. coli genetics, physiology, and biochemistry have been extremely elaborated, there is not recognize in passing how they behave in natural habitats. Such an environment has been separated in a primary that is animal-human host-related, while the secondary is non-host-related habitat.. Thus, this study comes to investigate how its survival in different concentrations of different environmental variables and assess the potential effects of some environmental factors (salinity, sulfates, and chloride) on the enterobacter group. API20E kit and VITEK®2 GN were used to identification of studied bacteria. We identified five strains of enterobacter bacteria and one mix-bacteria to test the hypothesis of the current study and using normal saline for preparing serial dilutions. The results showed that the increase of salinity could affect studied bacteria significantly (p-value <0.01), also the increasing of sulfate (as NaSO4) was leading to significantly inhibited of bacterial growth at > 600 mg/L sulfates (p-value <0.01), while the concentration in-between 400-500 mg/L was worked positively with all of the studied bacteria, moreover there were negative effects of different concentrations of chloride (P-value < 0.01), except Var.2 was increased with adding 2gm/L of chloride.
Purification of Leucine aminopeptidase and its correlation with biochemical parameters in sera of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism
Authors: Husseini Huda. H. , Shafeeq Noorhan Khalid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study purification of Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) from hypothyroidism patients sera and its relation to thyroid hormones, lipid peroxidation levels of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism patients, blood samples were collected from (50) healthy subject and (100) patients, consisted of fifty with hypothyroidism and fifty with subclinical hypothyroidism.. The purification is done by addition of ammonium sulfate, dialysis, anion- exchange chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. FT3, FT4, TSH, LAP, peroxynitrite, malondialdehyde were determined. Results showed the precipitate and concentrated protein appeared five peaks in ion exchange column, LAP activity located in the first and second protein peak, also, results showed single peak for both first and second peaks after eluted in gel filtration chromatography following steps by using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From current study, it is concluded hypothyroidism (LAP) have two isoenzymes, also, concluded a highly significant increase in LAP, MDA and peroxynitrite levels in the subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism patients when compared to the healthy subject, and their correlation with FT3, FT4, TSH in the patient group, when compared by the control group that indicate these parameters could be play an effect role in these diseases.
Non Destructive Testing For Detection abnormal Object in The X-Ray Images
Authors: Fadel Noor. , Al-Hameed W. , Ahmed Mohammed Kassim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The clarification of weaknesses or defects detection in radiographs image is very important especially in medical science and non-destructive testing centers. The pressing need appears to develop the capabilities that serve image processing in several aspects to achieve the desired results and obtain useful information as possible from images. Therefore, it is very important to know the appropriate methods for image processing, especially with poor context radiographs images to improve their clarity and facilitate the interpretation process. In addition to providing important visual information that difficulty of obtaining from its sources noise-free. This research aims to detect non- normal objects that exist in the X-ray image efficiently through the adoption of digital image processing methods. By using the median filter addition to the morphological processes and obtaining satisfactory results. Where the accuracy of the proposed model reached 86.25 and the proposed model was applied to 80 casting images.
The effect voltage Device of x-ray on radiation doses and image quality
Authors: Alhamd M. W. , Abbood Nazar Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The X-ray tube generates diagnostic X-rays, and these rays can penetrate the human body and to different dimensions depending on the energy of the rays. These rays meet absorption and scattering inside the body, and whatever comes out of them is used for radiological examination purposes. Radiation exposure accompanies some of the potential risks, so it requires knowing the amount of radiation dose for the total exposed (man. Sv), as well as the equivalent effective dose for the organ or tissue in the body, and multiplied by the value determined by the risk factor, thus determining the amount of radiation risk or the rate of infection Radiative damage. The surface entry dose values measured by the German-born Dosimax mobile device are closer to the reference values, because the sensitive size of this meter is a material equivalent to living tissue, which is exposed to X-rays, so the reading value of the dose in the air is not the same as in the case of the ionization chamber (Unfors) is Swedish in origin, but rather the dose of live tissue which is an approach to the dose of patients. The amount of fluctuation in the measuring voltages of the device (C) is 11.3% which is higher than the specified values, and also the standard deviation in the measurement is more than 5%, that is, the device does not meet the quality assurance specifications (QA), while the two devices (F, E) are The volatility value is 3.89% and 4.6%, respectively, which is less than the limits set for this fluctuation of 10%, and the standard deviation values are less than 5%.
Structural behavior of DC sputtered zinc oxide (ZnO) Thin films
Authors: Shaker Abbas Sabah , Khadayeir Abdalhussain A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper znO thin film, has been deposited using DC sputtering technique, then the thin film has been characterized by XRD, the results showed that the strongest peak was at 36.4137 degree, FWHM was at 0.1779 degree, lattice constant was 2.46537 A° and the average grain size was 49.10 nm. AFM analysis showed that the increasing of pressure sputtering to increase of roughness average from (6.53 to 8.32) nm, root mean square from (7.67 to 9.63) nm but ten points height decreased from (28.6 to 16.6) at 3*10−3, 6*10−3and 9*10−3 mbar respectively.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Polyaniline Nano-fibers as H2S Gas Sensor
Authors: Akber Hassan J. , Ibrahim Isam M. , Razeg Khalid H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A simple hydrothermal method of synthesis of Polyaniline Nano-fibers was presented. Thin films from PANI have been deposited via spin-coating technique on silicon substrate. The structural, morphological, optical and sensitive properties were Studied for prepared thin films. The XRD results exhibit that the prepared films show crystalline nature of polyaniline Nano-Fibers and that the crystallite size, evaluated by the Scherer formula, is about 30.1 nm. The FE-SEM image of Polyaniline proved that the film prepared have Nano fiber like structure. The optical measurements proved that the optical energy gap was found to be 2.88 eV. The H2S sensing properties of thin films were measured for various operating temperatures, The best sensitivity of 7.32% was observed when operating at a working temperature of 150 °C, also the fast response time and recovery time behavior have been achieved.
Estimate parameters of Pareto distribution for censored data type one
Authors: Al-Bderi Hind Jawad Kadhim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper intends to estimate the unlabeled two parameters for generalized Pareto distribution model depend on censored samples of singly type one; employing the maximum likelihood estimator method to obtain the derivation of the point estimators for all unlabeled parameters depending on iterative techniques, as Newton – Raphson method, then to derive rank set sampling method. Applying all these methods to estimate related probability functions; death density function, cumulative distribution function, survival function and hazard function (rate function). When examining the numerical results for probability survival function by employing mean squares error measure and mean absolute percentage measure, this may lead to work on the best method in modeling a set of real data; and this Maximum likelihood estimator method for real censored type I sample.
Cubic Curves Over the Finite Field of Order Twenty Seven
Authors: Naji Sadeq Hamdallah , Abdulkareem Emad Bakr 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A cubic curve is a non-singular projective plane cubic curve. An (k; 3)-arc is a set of points no four are collinear but some three are linear. Most of the cubic curve can be regarded as an arc of degree three. In this paper, the projectively inequivalent cubic curves have been classified over the finite field of order twenty-seven with respect to its inflexions points and determined if they are complete or incomplete as arcs of degree three. Also the size of the largest arc of degree three that can be constructed form each incomplete cubic curve are given. The main conclusion that can be drawn is that, over F
27, the largest an arc of degree three can be constructed depending on the cubic curve is 38; that is, 38 ≤ m
3(2,27) ≤ 55.
Robust variable selection in sliced inverse regression using Tukey’s biweight criterion and ball covariance
Authors: Alkenani Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe shrinkage sliced inverse (SSIR) is a variable selection method under the settings of sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) theory. The SSIR merges the ideas of Lasso shrinkage and sliced inverse regression (SIR) to obtain sparse and accurate solutions. However, the dependency of SSIR on squared loss function and classical estimates for location and dispersion measures make it very sensitive to outliers. In this paper, a robust variable selection method based on SSIR, which is called RSSIR, is proposed. The squared loss is replaced by Tukey’s biweight criterion. Also, the classical estimates of the mean and covariance matrix are replaced with the median and ball covariance, which are robust measures for location and dispersion, respectively. In both the response and covariates, the proposed RSSIR is resistant to outliers. In addition, a robust version of the residual information criterion (RIC) is proposed to select the regularisation parameter. Depending on the results of simulations and real data analysis, very reliable results are achieved through RSSIR. In the presence of outliers, the performance of RSSIR is significantly better than the performance of SSIR and other existing methods.
Determination of PAHs Concentration in Some Types of Phoenix Dactylifera L. Samples from Al-Diwaniyah Markets by Using Soxhlet and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy Technique
Authors: Walli Hazim A. , Kadhim Muqdad I. , Shihad Arshed A. Ali , Karam Faiq F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The concentration of poly aromatic hydrocarbons in three types of Phoenix Dactylifera L fruits (Iraqi, Iranian, Saudi) which are all collected from Iraq-Al-Diwaniyah city have been investigated. The PAHs levels in our samples were estimation by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The technique of GC-MS was used for determination of ten of prior sixteen of carcinogenic PAHs compounds that are globally approved. The data indicated that thereare four PAHs in Iraqi dates, where fluorene was the highest level of these compounds with concentration of 124.509 μg/mL followed by Acenaphthylene, Naphththalene, andAnthracene with concentration about 16.227 μg/mL, 15.850 μg/mL, and 3.035 μg/mL respectively. While the Saudi dates found that there are five types of PAHs with different concentrations, where the highest concentration is for Naphththalene with concentration about 269.491 μg/mL followed by Acenaphthylene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene and Pyrene with levels of 23.670 μg/mL, 8.340 μg/mL, 1.761μg/mL and 0.543 μg/mL respectively.
PVC Films Performance Stabilized By Dibutyltin (IV) Complex For Sustainable Environment
Authors: Khalaf Majid , Fadhil Zeyad , Al-Mashhadani Mohammed H. , Abdallh Mustafa , Bufaroosha Muna , Majeed Alabbas , Salih Nadia , Yousif Emad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new tin(IV) complex was synthesized to inhibit the effect of UV light on PVC films. The new dibutyl tin(IV) complex coordinated to captopril as a ligand (Bu2SnL2) were used as additive to reduce the deterioration of PVC films under irradiation of UV light. Tin (IV) complex efficiency was examined under accelerated UV irradiation conditions for 300h at ambient temperature. The shifts in the FTIR index of hydroxyl, carbonyl and carbine, in addition to changes in weight, viscosity and surface morphology was used to evaluate the performance of the new complex as a photostabilizer for PVC films.
A new hybrid CGM for unconstrained optimization problems
Authors: Wasi H A , Shiker Mushtak A K 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, a hybrid CGM (conjugate gradient method) has been suggested to solve the unconstrained optimization problems by combining a (Polak– Ribiére–Polyak) method with (Fletcher-Reeves) method. The suggested method has the sufficient descent property under the suggestion of a suitable line search and appropriate conditions. The global convergence is construct for this method. The numerical results display that this method is better than the other method comparing with.
Advanced Oxidation Process as a type of photo catalytic removal of Maxilon blue dye (GRL) using
Authors: Aljeboree Aseel M. , Abdulrazzak Firas H. , Alkaim Ayad F. , Hussein Falah H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Removal of toxic textile Maxilon blue (GRL) dye from aqueous solution via utilizing TiO2 under UV irradiation. the maximum wavelength of GRL dye at 590 nm, The process of photo degradation was carry out in aqueous solutions having the dye in the presence of TiO2 (Degussa p – 25) upon UV irradiation (high pressure mercury lamp Radium 125 W). The phot catalytic process utilized the photo produced holes at the surface of TiO2 and (OH) at the solution bulk as oxidizing species of the GRL. several factor effecting the phot catalytic degradation method like primary concentration GRL, mass of TiO2 and, intensity light was studied. Data obtained revealed that the GRL percentage % is inversely proportional to its conc., The photcatalytic decomposition of dye GRL was utmost efficient in the solution at lesser primary conc., and greater intensity light.
Regional Boundary Asymptotic Gradient reduced order observer
Authors: Al-Saphory Raheam A. , Al-Shaya Ahlam Y. , Rekkab Soraya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of regional boundary asymptotic gradient reduced order observer (Γ*AGRO-observer) in distributed parameter systems. More precisely, we explore and discuss the existing of this approach in which estimates a considered sub-region Γ* for the considered domain boundary. Thus, we show that the approach is enables to build the unknown part of the state gradient when the output function gives part of information about the region state. Furthermore, the characterization of this notion depend on regional boundary gradient strategic sensors (RBG-strategic sensors) concept in order that regional boundary asymptotic gradient reduced order observability (Γ*AGRO-observability) to be achieved and analyzed. Finally, an application is presented to various situations of strategic sensors for internal case.
Diversity of Avian Fauna of Al-Dalmaj Wetlands and the surrounding terrestrial areas, Iraq
Authors: Salim Mudhafar A. , Abed Salwan Ali , Jabbar Mohammed T. , Harbi Zaman S. , Yassir Wameedh S. , Al-Saffah Safidden M. , Alabd-Alrahman Hayder A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Dalmaj area, or Hor Ad-Dalmaj wetlands, is considered as one of the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and Important Bird Areas (IBAs) in Iraq and the Middle East region due to various ecological values and richness in species and habitat diversity. Dalmaj area includes wide spectrum of habitats that ranges of wetlands: open-water lake, reed-beds marsh, marsh margins, mudflats, and the open lake; in addition to the terrestrial habitats that include the arid lands, shrub-lands, and the desert and semi-desert areas. This wide range of habitats in Dalmaj and the surrounding areas have enriched the avifauna and bird diversity. Based on the results of intensive field surveys that extended over more than a decade (in addition to some observations back to 30 years made by MS) important observations were made on the numbers of the species and their counts in addition to their distribution within the study area where considerable numbers of resident and migrant bird species were observed. This includes 261 of the resident and migrant bird species (breeding and non-breeding) have been recorded in Dalmaj wetlands and the surrounding areas. Such a level of richness in bird diversity, that exceeds 60% of the Iraqi bird checklist, illustrates the necessity of taking the required measures to protect the biodiversity in general and the birds and their habitats in particular in this important hotspot on the national, regional, and global levels. The process of watching the birds and their habitats in Dalmaj along more than a decade have included long-term capacity-building activities that ended in creating solid, capable national team. The team of the Iraqi Organization for Conservation of nature (IOCN) has contributed in quite extensive surveys in Dalmaj area during the field work. The results of the 30-years surveys presented by this paper represent the most comprehensive work on the avifauna of Dalmaj area and in Iraq as well. The team is confident that this work would contribute positively to the conservation effort in Dalmaj area.
The effectiveness of silver and silica nanoparticles on productivity and adult emergence of T.castaneum and C. maculatus
Authors: Annon Mohammed R. , Jafar Fatima S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Silver and silica nanoparticles and Nerium oleander (neem) leaves extract were used in different concentrations on the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea seed beetle) and Tribolium castaneum (flour beetle) to detect their activity on productivity (number of eggs) and adult emergence.
Investigation of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α among patients infected with Proteus mirabilis in UTI Cases
Authors: D’asheesh Tha’ir Abid , Jabbar Al-Kaabi Hayder Kamil , Hmood Al-Khalidi Baheeja A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Aims: In human Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) consider one of the most common bacterial infections, the purpose of this research was to assess the association between Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) level in P. mirabilis UTI cases. Methodology: 160 samples of urine and blood were gotten from persons Suffer UTI, their age reached to (10-60) years, in addition to 100 samples of urine and blood from Healthy persons as a control group. All urine samples were inoculated by sterile loop immediately on blood agar plate and MacConkey agar plate and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 hr. Colony Forming Units (CFUs) method was used for growing single and pure bacterial colonies for target bacteria. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit was used for detection level of human cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) in inpatient and control groups. Results: The result showed that 62.5% of samples were positive for P. mirabilis. The level of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α considerably were high inpatient which reached to (312.189±0.916, 272.417±8.699 and 93.908±0.912)respectively, compared with control group (75.416±0.721, 77.978±0.932 and 51.777±0.556) respectively. There were important connotations between age, gender and placement and P. mirabilis infection. Conclusion: Target cytokines piece a critical role in UTI especially in acute phase. Also, there were substantial variances in age group, gender, and residency regarding infected with P. mirabilis and there are important relationships between IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the patients infected with P. mirabilis.