bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18FDG-PET/CT findings in COVID-19: a single centre retrospective radiological review
Authors: Charters Pia F. P. , Little David , Rodrigues Jonathan C. L. , Graham Richard N , Redman Stewart L 
Published: June 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the infectious disease COVID-19, was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. As radiology departments recommence 18FDG-PET/CT imaging, it is likely that both asymptomatic and specific symptomatic patients with COVID-19 infection will be imaged, particularly if the disease becomes endemic in the UK. We review the clinical scenarios where 18FDG-PET/CT could be performed in COVID-19 positive patients. Our local protocol for safely scanning known COVID-19 positive patients is described, highlighting considerations for other departments. We present the findings from a series of known COVID-19 positive patients and two further asymptomatic cases evaluated with18FDG-PET/CT. Classic, indeterminate, normal and non-COVID-19 manifestations on both the 18FDG-PETand low dose CT component are described as an aid for radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians when reporting 18FDG PET/CT.
Building a global policy agenda to prioritize preterm birth: A qualitative analysis on factors shaping global health policymaking
Authors: Kassabian Sara , Fewer Sara , Yamey Gavin , Brindis Claire D. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Preterm birth, defined as infants born before 37 weeks of gestation, is the largest contributor to child mortality. Despite new evidence highlighting the global burden of prematurity, policymakers have failed to adequately prioritize preterm birth despite the magnitude of its health impacts. Given current levels of political attention and investment, it is unlikely that the global community will be adequately mobilized to meet the 2012 Born Too Soon report goal of reducing the preterm birth rate by 50% by 2025. Methods: This study adapts the Shiffman and Smith framework for political priority to examine four components contributing to policy action in global health: actor power, ideas, political context, and issue characteristics. We conducted key informant interviews with 18 experts in prematurity and reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) and reviewed key literature on preterm birth. We aimed to identify the factors that shape the global political priority of preterm birth and to describe policy opportunities to increase its priority moving forward. Results: The global preterm birth community (academic researchers, multilateral organizations, government agencies, and civil society organizations) lacks evidence about the causes of and solutions to preterm birth; and country-level data quality is poor with gaps in the understanding required for implementing effective interventions. Limited funding compounds these challenges, creating divisions among experts on what policy actions to recommend. These factors contribute to the lack of priority and underrepresentation of preterm birth within the larger RMNCH agenda. Conclusion: Increasing the political priority of prematurity is essential to reduce preventable newborn and child mortality, a key target of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal for health (target 3.2). This study identifies three policy recommendations for the preterm birth community: address data and evidence gaps, clarify and invest in viable solutions, and bring visibility to prematurity within the larger RMNCH agendas.
Welfare, but Only for Us?
Authors: Jusko Jakub 
Published: June 2020

Welfare, but Only for Us? Randomized Survey Experiment on Welfare Chauvinism Conducted on Students in Brno
The immigrants’ rights to welfare benefits have been heavily discussed in European Union member states recently. This study focuses on general opposition to those rights, welfare chauvinism, and its potential existence in the country with essentially no immigration issues – the Czech Republic. Using a survey experiment on students of Masaryk University in Brno, a change in the attitudes towards the child benefits (as one aspect of social benefits) was observed right after they were reminded that also immigrants from other countries have accessto those benefits. The effect of persuasive argument was stronger in the case of Bulgarian rather than German immigrants, which could imply Czechs perceive Germans more positively than they do Bulgarians, and they behave less chauvinistically towards them in comparison to citizens of Bulgaria.
Healthy rabbits and communicating with owners
Authors: Speight Claire 
Published: June 2020

Rabbits need species-specific care, in order to meet their health, welfare and behavioural needs. Preventative health care is imperative to help keep rabbits healthy. Advice needs to be given to owners on their rabbit's dietary requirements, and why hay and grass is imperative as the bulk of their diet. Vaccinations to help prevent myxomatosis and rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease (RVHD1 and RVHD2) should be advised for all rabbits, including house rabbits. Rabbits require adequate space and the companionship of another rabbit to live a good quality life. They should have access to an exercise area, and have the choice of where to spend their time, without the need to be picked up and moved from a hutch to a run. Many owners will look to veterinary nurses for current advice, and it is important that nurses feel confident in offering the most up-to-date information. At times, it may be that owners need to make changes to the way they care for their rabbits, and being confident in explaining why these need to be implemented, and the positive effects these will have on the rabbit's life, is vital.
Impact of Wild Blueberry Fruit Characteristics and Machine Parameters on Performance of a Mechanical Harvester: Basis for Automation
Authors: Zaman Qamar U , Jameel Muhammad W , Farooque Aitazaz A , Esau Travis J , Schumann Arnold W 
Published: June 2020

HighlightsAutomated harvesting of wild blueberry can decrease cost of production.Ground speed and header RPM of a wild blueberry harvester have been evaluated for efficiency.Increased harvestable yield will generate more revenue for wild blueberry growers.This study suggests automation of the wild blueberry harvester to improve harvest efficiency.Abstract. Mechanical harvesting of wild blueberries results in fruit losses during manual adjustment of harvester’s operations in fields of variable fruit characteristics (fruit yield, fruit zone, and fruit diameter). This study examined the impact of fruit characteristics and machine operating parameters including harvester ground speed (1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 km h-1) and header revolutions per minute (26, 28, and 30 rpm) on berry losses. Fruit characteristics were classified into two categories; i.e., fruit zone (LFZ: low fruit zone - average plant height = 17 cm and HFZ; high fruit zone - average plant height &gt; 17 cm) and fruit yield (LFY; low fruit yield - average yield = 3000 kg ha-1 and HFY; high fruit yield - average yield &gt; 3000 kg ha-1). Experimental treatments (ground speed × RPM: 3×3) were randomly replicated thrice under factorial design in four fields at each combination of fruit characteristics (LFZ-LFY, LFZ-HFY, HFZ-LFY, and HFZ-HFY). The fruit diameter was used as a co-variate in this study. With moderate to high variability in fruit characteristics and berry losses within the selected fields, the picking performance of the tested harvester was better in the high fruit zone irrespective of fruit yield at all treatment combinations of ground speed and header rpm. There were lesser fruit losses in high yielding areas at the lowest ground speed and header rpm. The harvester’s picking performance was better in high fruit zone areas at a traditional head height of up to 10 cm above ground. However, 5%-15% variations in fruit zone reduced berry picking efficiency at a constant head height. It is concluded that the selection of an ideal combination of harvester ground speed and header rpm based on crop variations in blueberry fields can minimize berry losses during harvesting. The findings of this study would suggest that automation of the tested wild blueberry harvester could improve harvest efficiency Keywords: Automation, Fruit losses, Mechanical harvester, Operational settings, Wild blueberry.
Development and Testing of a Low-Cost Portable Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity Sensor Using a Beaglebone Black
Authors: Queiroz Daniel M. , Sousa Emanoel D. T. S. , Lee Won Suk , Schueller John K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract.The adoption of apparent soil electrical conductivity (soil ECa) sensors has increased in precision agricultural systems, especially in systems pulled by vehicles. This work developed a portable soil sensor for measuring soil ECa that could be used without vehicles in mountainous areas and small farms. The developed system was based on the electrical resistivity method. The system measured the electrical conductivity by applying a square wave signal at frequencies defined by the user. The acquired data were georeferenced using a low-cost global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. The sensor system was developed using a BeagleBone Black, a low-cost single-board computer. A user interface was developed in C++, and a touch screen with a resolution of 800×480 pixels was used to display the results. This interface performed statistical analysis, and the results were used to guide the user to identify more field locations to be sampled to increase mapping accuracy. The system was tested in a coffee plantation located in a mountainous area and in a sugarcane plantation in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The system worked well in mapping the soil ECa. The apparent soil electrical conductivities measured using frequencies of 10, 20, 30, and 40 Hz were highly correlated. In the sugarcane field that had more variation in soil texture, a greater number of soil properties presented a significant correlation with the soil ECa. Keywords: Electrical conductivity, Geostatistics, Precision agriculture, Soil properties, Soil sensing, Spatial variability.
Machine learning informed predictor importance measures of environmental parameters in maritime optical turbulence
Authors: Jellen Christopher , Burkhardt John , Brownell Cody , Nelson Charles 
Published: June 2020

Prediction of the index of refraction structure constant

C
n
2

in the low-altitude maritime environment is challenging. To improve predictive models, deeper understanding of the relationships between environmental parameters and optical turbulence is required. To that end, a robust data set of

C
n
2

as well as numerous meteorological parameters were collected over a period of approximately 15 months along the Chesapeake Bay adjacent to the Severn River in Annapolis, Maryland. The goal was to derive new insights into the physical relationships affecting optical turbulence in the near-maritime environment. Using data-driven machine learning feature selection approaches, the relative importance of 12 distinct, measurable environmental parameters was analyzed and evaluated. Random forest nodal purity analysis was the primary machine learning approach to relative importance determination. The relative feature importance results indicated that air temperature and pressure were important parameters in predicting

C
n
2

in the maritime environment. In addition, the relative importance findings suggest that the air–water temperature difference, temporal hour weight, and time of year, as measured through seasonality, have strong associations with

C
n
2

and could be included to improve model prediction accuracy.
Stimulated emission assisted time-gated detection of a solid-state spin
Authors: Zhao Bo-Wen , Chen Xiang-Dong , Wang En-Hui , Zheng Yu , Du Bo , Li Shen , Dong Yang , Guo Guang-Can , Sun Fang-Wen 
Published: June 2020

The nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond is studied widely for magnetic field and temperature sensing at the nanoscale. Usually, the fluorescence is recorded to estimate the spin state of the NV center. Here we applied a time-gating technique to improve the contrast of the spin-dependent fluorescence. A NIR pulsed laser pumped the stimulated emission of the NV center and depleted the spontaneous emission that was excited by a green laser. We changed the relative delay between the NIR laser and the green laser. Then the spontaneous emission of the NV center in varied time windows was extracted by comparing the fluorescence intensities with and without the NIR laser. The results showed that the spin-dependent fluorescence contrast could be improved by approximately 1.8 times by applying the time gating. The background of the environment was eliminated due to temporal filtering. This work demonstrates that the stimulated emission assisted time-gating technique can be used to improve the performance of an NV center sensor in a noisy environment.
Robustness of software
Authors: Ladkin Peter Bernard 
Published: June 2020

In the English civil court case Bates v Post Office Limited, the properties of the Post Office Horizon transaction-processing system were investigated and argued. Anthony de Garr Robinson QC for the Post Office defined “robustness” of the Horizon software-based system. The concept of robustness was at the core of the defendant’s argument, which was that Horizon was “robust”, if not infallible. This article sets out that the vocabulary deployed by Mr de Garr Robinson is not used in this way in computing, whether or not it is conceptually clear.
Index words: software, electronic documents, electronic evidence, computer evidence, robust
Bridging Academic Disciplines with Interdisciplinary Project-based Learning
Authors: Warr Melissa , West Richard E. 
Published: June 2020

This article describes the implementation of an interdisciplinary design studio as a means to teach creative problem-solving through project-based learning. "Learning and Innovation Skills" has been designated as a core skill that students need to be successful in today's world, and project-based learning is one approach to helping students develop these skills. After describing the early genesis and development of the interdisciplinary design studio, the article describes results of initial research into the students’ experiences in studio courses. Students described courses as flexible and reported high levels of motivation stemming from the authenticity of the problems. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of the studio, some students described deepening disciplinary skills while at the same time being exposed to cross-disciplinary skills. They believed the courses helped develop interdisciplinary collaboration, creativity, and communication skills.
The structure of 𝓐-free measures revisited
Authors: Mitrovic D. , Vujadinović Dj. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We refine a recent result on the structure of measures satisfying a linear partial differential equation 𝓐μ = σ, μ, σ are Radon measures, considering the measure μ(x) = g(x)d
x + μus
(x̃)(μs
(x̄) + d
x̄) where x = (x̃,x̄) ∈ ℝ
k
× ℝ
d−k
, μus
is a uniformly singular measure in x̃
0 and the measure μs
is a singular measure. We proved that for μus
-a.e. x̃
0 the range of the Radon-Nykodim derivative

f
~

(

x

~

0

)
=

d

μ

u
s

d

|

μ

u
s

|

(

x

~

0

)

$\begin{array}{}
\tilde{f}(\tilde{{\bf x}}_0) = \frac{d \mu_{us}}{d | \mu_{us}|}(\tilde{{\bf x}}_0)
\end{array}$

is in the set ∩

ξ̃
∈P̃
𝓚er
A

P̃
(
ξ
) and, if μs
is different to zero, for μs
-a.e. x̄
0 the range of the Radon-Nykodim derivative

f
¯

(

x

¯

0

)
=

d

μ

s

d

|

μ

s

|

(

x

¯

0

)

$\begin{array}{}
\bar{f}(\bar{{\bf x}}_0) = \frac{d \mu_{s}}{d | \mu_{s}|}(\bar{{\bf x}}_0)
\end{array}$

is in the set ∪

ξ̄
∈P̄
𝓚er
A

P̄
(
ξ
) where P̃ × P̄ = P is a manifold determined by the main symbol A

P
= A

P̃
⋅ A

P̄
of the operator 𝓐.
Planning principles for radical surgical intervention for liver alveococcosis based on computed and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Voskanyan S. E. , Bashkov A. N. , Kаrmazanovsky G. G. , Naydenov E. V. , Ionova E. A. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. To develop the planning principles for radical surgical intervention for liver alveococcosis based on the computed and magnetic resonance imaging data.Materials and methods. The data of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as the results of treatment of 189 patients with liver alveococcosis in 2011–2020 were analyzed.Results. A sequence of data analysis of CT-scan and magnetic resonance imaging, consisting of several stages, is proposed. CT-scan and magnetic resonance imaging data of all patients were analyzed according to the developed algorithm, which was adapted to the planning stages of surgical treatment. The accuracy of CT-scan and magnetic resonance imaging in determining the localization of the parasitic process by sections and predicting the need for a two-stage resection of the liver, the use of total vascular isolation technique was 100%. The accuracy of CT-scan in the defining of anatomical variants of extrahepatic arteries and the presence of a significant accessory right hepatic vein of the liver was 98.6%, type of division of the portal vein – 97.2%. Radiation semiotics of the relationship of parasitic masses with the main vessels of the liver and the inferior vena cava were determined. The accuracy of CT-scan in the diagnosis of involvement of the hepatic arteries, portal and hepatic veins was 96.9%, 91.2% and 91.4%, respectively. In predicting circular resection of the inferior vena cava we recommend to use the cut-off of contact of parasitic masses around it more than 180 ° (AUC = 0.950). With borderline volumes of liver remnant (30–35%), prolonged hyperbilirubinemia, suspected development of secondary biliary cirrhosis, magnetic resonance imaging with gadoxetic acid makes it possible to assess the functional state of the parenchyma. This may require additional preoperative therapy, planning a two-stage resection or the process may be considered unresectable in the diagnosis of severe fibrosis.Conclusion. The developed CT-scan/ magnetic resonance imaging data analysis algorithm allows to determine the clinical and surgical group of patients with liver alveococcosis and to plan the type of surgical intervention. Additional option of magnetic resonance imaging with gadoxetic acid in evaluating of functional state of liver remnant allows you to adjust surgical tactics in a number of clinical situations.
Malignant obstructive jaundice: justification of the method of biliary decompression
Authors: Romashchenko P. N. , Maistrenko N. A. , Kuznetsov A. I. , Pryadko A. S. , Filin A. A. , Aliev A. K. , Zherebtsov E. S. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. To show the optimal algorithm of diagnostic and treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice, which allows to increase the effectiveness of primary surgery, reducing the number of complications and mortality in the operated patients.Materials and methods. The results of examination and surgical treatment of 325 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice who underwent minimally invasive decompression of the biliary tract were studied. Based on the results of treatment, an algorithm for examining and treating patients with malignant obstructive jaundice has been formed and tested.Results. Using such criterial like severity of obstructive jaundice by E.I. Galperin, anatomical level of biliary tract occlusion and staging oncology process by TNM classification could help to choose the rational method for its surgical treatment and determine the risk of complications and mortality. At the level of biliary occlusion I and II, endoscopic stenting is a fairly successful inter-vention with a minimum of complications. For a level III block, the operation of choice is percutaneous transhepatic drainage. Cholecystostomy is advisable in case of level I block below the cystic duct in flow level and class “C” obstructive jaundice or for technical impossibility to apply a different method.Realization of the developed algorithm allowed resolving obstructive jaundice in a palliative option in 71.4% of patients and preparing 28.6% for surgical treatment.Conclusion. Implementation of an improved algorithm for the diagnosis of malignant obstructive jaundice makes it possible to justify the choice of a rational option for its surgical treatment, increase the effectiveness of interventions and reduce postoperative mortality.
Comparative characteristics of reconstructive surgery and percutaneous balloon dilatation in the treatment of high benign strictures of the bile ducts
Authors: Trifonov S. A. , Kovalenko Yu. A. , Varava A. B. , Ikramov R. Z. , Stepanova Yu. A. , Karmazanovsky G. G. , Vishnevsky V. A. 
Published: June 2020

Aim: to compare the long-term results of various surgical treatment options for patients with high benign strictures of the bile ducts.Materials and methods. From 2012 to 2018, 87 patients with strictures of different levels according to the classification of E.I. Halperinwas observed. A stricture of type «0» was detected in 23 patients, type «−1» in 20, type «−2» in 31, type «−3» in 13 (E3 – 43, E4 – 31, E5 – 13 according to classification Bismuth-Strasberg). Open reconstructive interventions were performed in 63 patients, 24 percutaneous endobiliary ones.Results. Long-term results were traced in 77 (89%) patients, the follow-up period after reconstructive operations was 4.7 ± 1.6 years, after percutaneous – 2.0 ± 1.4 years. Excellent and good results according to the Terblanche classification were achieved in 31 (58%) patients after open reconstructive operations and in 18 (78%) after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.Conclusion. Technically the most difficult for reconstructive and percutaneous interventions on the bile ducts with a high recurrence rate are strictures of types «−2» and «−3» (E4 and E5). A comparative analysis of the long-term results of percutaneous and open interventions showed a statistically significant advantage of percutaneous interventions compared with reconstructive (p = 0.05).
Modern principles of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment
Authors: Vishnevsky V. A. , Ayvazyan Kh. A. , Ikramov R. Z. , Ionkin D. A. , Zhavoronkova O. I. , Stepanova Yu. A. , Varava A. B. , Kovalenko Yu. A. , Zharikov Yu. O. , Goncharov A. B. , Olifir A. A. , Pakhomova A. Yu. , Bugaev S. A. , Zhao A. V. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. To improve the treatment outcomes, quality and life expectancy, prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma based on an analysis of treatment outcomes.Materials and methods. The analysis of the long-term results of treatment of 114 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for 2015–2020 was carried out. Two groups of patients were distinguished: 41 (35.9%) patients were included in group I (a potentially resectable tumor with R0 surgery), and 63 (55.2%) patients were included in group II (advanced tumor does not suggest R0 resection).Results. Actuarial survival for patients with R0 surgery (48) was: 1 year – 85%, 3 years – 65%, 5 years – 55%; in patients with unresectable tumor after transarterial chemoembolization: 1 year – 65%, 3 years – 29%, 5 years – 11%; after local destruction methods – 0.5 years – 75%, 1 year – 36%, 1.5 years – 22%.Conclusions. The results of treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of a rational multidisciplinary approach. It allows you to achieve satisfactory results in multidisciplinary hospitals. The results are consistent with the data of large surgical centers.