bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fate and Fathead Minnow Embryotoxicity of Weathering Crude Oil in a Pilot-Scale Spill Tank
Authors: Lara-Jacobo Lara R. , Gauthier Charles , Xin Qin , Dupont Félix , Couture Patrice , Triffault-Bouchet Gaëlle , Dettman Heather D. , Langlois Valerie S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For several years now, the Natural Resources Canada research facility at CanmetENERGY Devon (AB, Canada) has been performing experiments in a pilot-scale spill tank using 1200 L of river water to examine the physical and chemical behaviors of various crude oil/water mixtures under varying water temperature regimes. Because oil toxicity can be modulated by weathering of the petroleum products, the present study aimed to assess changes in fish embryotoxicity to mixed sweet blend crude oil as it weathered at air and water temperatures of 14 °C and 15 °C, respectively, for 28 d. The physicochemical behavior of the oil was also monitored. Water samples were taken from the spill tank 5 times during the 28-d experiment on days 1, 6, 14, 21, and 28 and were used to perform toxicity exposures using fathead minnow embryos (Pimephales promelas). For each water sampling day, newly fertilized embryos were exposed to a serial dilution of the spill tank water, noncontaminated river water (used in the spill tank), and a reconstituted water laboratory control. Embryos were raised until hatching. Although mortality was not significantly altered by the oil contamination over the time period, malformation occurrence and severity showed concentration-dependent responses to all contaminated water collected. The results suggest that days 14, 21, and 28 were the most toxic time periods for the fish embryos, which corresponded to increasing concentrations of unidentified oxidized organic compounds detected by a quadropole–time-of-flight system. The present study highlights a novel area for oil research, which could help us to better understand the toxicity associated with oil weathering for aquatic species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:127–138. © 2020 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Natural Resources Canada.
Observations on the Parameter Estimation Problem of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Polarization Curves
Authors: Ohenoja M. , Leiviskä K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe optimal operation of fuel cells in changing environmental and variable load conditions requires mathematical modeling. The electrochemical behavior of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is commonly described with a semi‐empirical model requiring fuel cell specific model parameter values. A large number of different nature inspired, heuristic optimization methods have been proposed for this PEMFC parameter estimation problem. In this study, those studies are listed and critically reviewed. In particular, the aim is to elaborate the generalization ability of the results and discuss the fair comparison of the algorithms used for the parameter estimation of the polarization curve. The observations made in this review could further increase the quality of future contributions in this particular area, as well as applications of heuristic optimization methods in other related problems in fuel cell systems.
Intracranial and subcortical volumes in adolescents with early‐onset psychosis: A multisite mega‐analysis from the ENIGMA consortium
Authors: Gurholt Tiril P. , Lonning Vera , Nerland Stener , Jørgensen Kjetil N. , Haukvik Unn K. , Alloza Clara , Arango Celso , Barth Claudia , Bearden Carrie E. , Berk Michael , Bohman Hannes , Dandash Orwa , Díaz‐Caneja Covadonga M. , Edbom Carl T. , van Erp Theo G. M. , Fett Anne‐Kathrin J. , Frangou Sophia , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Grigorian Anahit , Jahanshad Neda , James Anthony C. , Janssen Joost , Johannessen Cecilie , Karlsgodt Katherine H. , Kempton Matthew J. , Kochunov Peter , Krabbendam Lydia , Kyriakopoulos Marinos , Lundberg Mathias , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Rund Bjørn Rishovd , Smelror Runar E. , Sultan Alysha , Tamnes Christian K. , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Vajdi Ariana , Wedervang‐Resell Kirsten , Myhre Anne M. , Andreassen Ole A. , Thompson Paul M. , Agartz Ingrid ,   For the ENIGMA‐EOP Working Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractEarly‐onset psychosis disorders are serious mental disorders arising before the age of 18 years. Here, we investigate the largest neuroimaging dataset, to date, of patients with early‐onset psychosis and healthy controls for differences in intracranial and subcortical brain volumes. The sample included 263 patients with early‐onset psychosis (mean age: 16.4 ± 1.4 years, mean illness duration: 1.5 ± 1.4 years, 39.2% female) and 359 healthy controls (mean age: 15.9 ± 1.7 years, 45.4% female) with magnetic resonance imaging data, pooled from 11 clinical cohorts. Patients were diagnosed with early‐onset schizophrenia (n = 183), affective psychosis (n = 39), or other psychotic disorders (n = 41). We used linear mixed‐effects models to investigate differences in intracranial and subcortical volumes across the patient sample, diagnostic subgroup and antipsychotic medication, relative to controls. We observed significantly lower intracranial (Cohen's d = −0.39) and hippocampal (d = −0.25) volumes, and higher caudate (d = 0.25) and pallidum (d = 0.24) volumes in patients relative to controls. Intracranial volume was lower in both early‐onset schizophrenia (d = −0.34) and affective psychosis (d = −0.42), and early‐onset schizophrenia showed lower hippocampal (d = −0.24) and higher pallidum (d = 0.29) volumes. Patients who were currently treated with antipsychotic medication (n = 193) had significantly lower intracranial volume (d = −0.42). The findings demonstrate a similar pattern of brain alterations in early‐onset psychosis as previously reported in adult psychosis, but with notably low intracranial volume. The low intracranial volume suggests disrupted neurodevelopment in adolescent early‐onset psychosis.
Motor asymmetry related cerebral perfusion patterns in Parkinson's disease: An arterial spin labeling study
Authors: Shang Song'an , Wu Jingtao , Zhang Hongying , Chen Hongri , Cao Zhengye , Chen Yu‐Chen , Yin Xindao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPersisting asymmetry of motor symptoms are characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated the possible lateralized effects on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), CBF‐connectivity, and laterality index (LI) among PD subtypes using arterial spin labeling (ASL). Forty‐four left‐sided symptom dominance patients (PDL), forty‐eight right‐sided symptom dominance patients (PDR), and forty‐five matched HCs were included. Group comparisons were performed for the regional normalized CBF, CBF‐connectivity and LI of basal ganglia (BA) subregions. The PDL patients had lower CBF in right calcarine sulcus and right supramarginal gyrus compared to the PDR and the HC subjects. Regional perfusion alterations seemed more extensive in the PDL than in the PDR group. In the PDL, correlations were identified between right thalamus and motor severity, between right fusiform gyrus and global cognitive performance. None of correlations survived after multiple comparisons correction. The significantly altered CBF‐connectivity among the three groups included: unilateral putamen, unilateral globus pallidus, and right thalamus. LI score in the putamen was significantly different among groups. Motor‐symptom laterality in PD may exhibit asymmetric regional and interregional abnormalities of CBF properties, particularly in PDL patients. This preliminary study underlines the necessity of classifying PD subgroups based on asymmetric motor symptoms and the potential application of CBF properties underlying neuropathology in PD.
A critical look at the Portuguese public–private partnerships in healthcare
Authors: Pereira Miguel A. , Ferreira Diogo C. , Marques Rui C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe pre‐conceived idea that contracts in a public–private partnership (PPP) regime, in healthcare or in any other economic sector, are, as a rule, ruinous and appealing for only a share of the stakeholders, lacks a solid basis that confirms it. This idea, outset and nurtured by the media, has been instigating the distrust of the users who, in turn, demand a more rigorous and efficient utilisation of public resources. Being Portugal in the top of countries that resort to PPPs, it is urgent to inquire if its respective contracts originated an inefficient and ineffective management of resources. It is precisely this discussion that we address in this paper, focusing our efforts in the Portuguese healthcare sector.
Bioretention planter performance measured by lag and capture
Authors: Nissen Kiera A. , Borst Michael , Fassman‐Beck Elizabeth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBioretention flow‐through planters manage stormwater with smaller space requirements or structural constraints associated with other forms of green infrastructure. This project monitored the hydrology of four bioretention planters at Stevens Institute of Technology to evaluate the system's ability to delay runoff and fully capture small rain events. The water depth in the outflow and the volumetric water content near the inflow were measured continuously over 15 months. Rainfall characteristics were documented from an on‐site rain gauge. This monitoring determined the time from the start of a rain event to the onset of outflow from each planter, which was defined as the lag. The initial moisture deficit (difference between pre‐event volumetric water content and maximum measured volumetric water content), approximate runoff volume, and approximate runoff volume in the first half hour were analysed to determine their effect on runoff capture and lag. During the monitoring period, 38% of observations did not produce measurable outflow. Logistic regression determined that the initial moisture deficit and approximate runoff volume were statistically significant in contributing to a fully captured storm. Despite the large hydraulic loading rate and concrete bottom, the planters demonstrate effective discharge lag, ranging from 5 to 1,841 min with a median of 77.5 min. Volumetric water content of the media and inlet runoff volume in the first half hour were significant in modelling the lag duration. These results represent a combination of controllable and uncontrollable aspects of green infrastructure: media design and rainfall.
Disruption in the balance between apolipoprotein A‐I and mast cell chymase in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Inoue Yukihisa , Okamoto Tsukasa , Honda Takayuki , Nukui Yoshihisa , Akashi Takumi , Takemura Tamiko , Tozuka Minoru , Miyazaki Yasunari 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundApolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) has an antifibrotic effect in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Although pulmonary fibrosis is associated with poor prognosis of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), little is known regarding the role of apoA‐I in the pathogenesis of HP.MethodsTwo‐dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were performed for the identification and quantification of apoA‐I in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with acute and chronic HP. To investigate the degradation of apoA‐I, apoA‐I was incubated with BALF. Moreover, the role of apoA‐I in TGF‐β1‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition of A549 cells was examined.ResultsThe concentration of apoA‐I in the BALF was significantly lower in chronic HP (n = 56) compared with acute HP (n = 31). The expression level of apoA‐I was also low in the lung tissues of chronic HP. ApoA‐I was degraded by BALF from HP patients. The number of chymase‐positive mast cells in the alveolar parenchyma was inversely correlated with apoA‐I levels in the BALF of chronic HP patients. In vitro experiment using A549 cells, untreated apoA‐I inhibited TGF‐β1‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition, although this trend was not observed in the chymase‐treated apoA‐I.ConclusionsA decrease of apoA‐I was associated with the pathogenesis of chronic HP in terms of pulmonary fibrosis and mast cell chymase attenuated the protective effect of apoA‐I against pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, apoA‐I could be a crucial molecule associated with lung fibrogenesis of HP.
Oil and stock prices: New evidence from a time varying homogenous panel smooth transition VECM for seven developing countries
Authors: Ceylan Resat , Ivrendi Mehmet , Shahbaz Muhammed , Omay Tolga 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between international oil price and stock prices applying the time varying causality testing over the period of 2000M1‐2017M3. The panel unit root and panel cointegration tests considering cross‐section dependence are also employed. A time varying panel smooth transition vector error correction (TV‐PSTRVEC) model is a developed and estimated for testing the presence of non‐linear short‐run and long‐run causality, and cointegrating relationship between stock and oil prices. The empirical findings indicate that short and long‐run causalities between oil price and stock prices are time‐dependent. Moreover, oil price cause stock prices in the long‐run. In the short‐run, neutral effect exists between oil price and stock prices. These two findings are evidence of a strong exogeneity of oil price in time‐dependent regimes which is also supporting the recent arguments and empirical findings.
Topological structures of transition metal dichalcogenides: A review on fabrication, effects, applications, and potential
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Zhang Yan , Qiu Jiakang , Zhao Zihan , Liu Nan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have received tremendous attention owing to their potential for optoelectronic applications. Topological structures, such as wrinkles, folds, and scrolls, have been generated on TMDs, thereby exhibiting novel physical properties with improved optoelectronic performance, making them attractive prospects for both basic understanding and advanced applications in optoelectronics. In this review, the methods for fabricating wrinkles, folds, and scrolls on TMDs are outlined, including modification of the fabrication and transfer processes, and manipulation via auxiliary polymers. The effects on their physical and electronic properties are also discussed, with particular paid to the energy band structure, single‐photon sources, second harmonic generation (SHG), and interlayer coupling. In comparison to pristine TMDs, these topologies exhibit great advantages in optoelectronic devices, such as field‐effect transistors and photodetectors. Finally, existing challenges and opportunities of wrinkled, folded, and scrolled TMDs are outlined and an outlook is presented.image
Carbamazepine biodegradation and volatile fatty acids production by selectively enriched sulfate‐reducing bacteria and fermentative acidogenic bacteria
Authors: Tahir Khurram , Miran Waheed , Jang Jiseon , Shahzad Asif , Moztahida Mokrema , Kim Bolam , Lim Seong‐Rin , Lee Dae Sung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe micropollutant carbamazepine (CBZ) is persistent and resistant to conventional wastewater treatment. This study investigated the role of fermentative acidogenic bacteria (FAB) and sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) for CBZ biodegradation and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production.RESULTSThe experimental results demonstrated that CBZ biodegradation, total organic carbon and sulfate removal efficiency reached 46%, 36% and 98%, respectively, after 144 h of operation with VFA production of acetic acid (20.72 mmol L−1), propionic acid (3.67 mmol L−1) and butyric acid (4.90 mmol L−1). However, the acetate fraction decreased from 78% to 70% with a decrease in chemical oxygen demand/sulfate (COD:SO42−) ratios from 1.06 to 0.35, respectively, suggesting that acetate was partially oxidized by SRB under substrate/COD limiting conditions. The biodegradation performance of SRB + FAB was also compared with that of a mixed microbial community (MMC).CONCLUSIONSUpon increasing the initial CBZ concentration from 42.3 to 169.2 μmol L−1, SRB + FAB exhibited much higher CBZ biodegradation (33%) than MMC (12%). Microbial community analyses confirmed the enrichment of VFA‐producing species including phylum Firmicutes (2.4% to 36.8%) and class Clostridia (1.3% to 29.6%). Moreover, aromatic and nitroaromatic compound‐degrading bacteria such as Escherichia and Desulfovibrio were also enriched. This signifies the applicability of SRB + FAB to pharmaceutical pollutant biodegradation in the environment. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Molecular mechanisms and evolution of fertilization proteins
Authors: Carlisle Jolie A. , Swanson Willie J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSexual reproduction involves a cascade of molecular interactions between the sperm and the egg culminating in cell–cell fusion. Vital steps mediating fertilization include chemoattraction of the sperm to the egg, induction of the sperm acrosome reaction, dissolution of the egg coat, and sperm–egg plasma membrane binding and fusion. Despite decades of research, only a handful of interacting gamete recognition proteins (GRPs) have been identified across taxa mediating each of these steps, most notably in abalone, sea urchins, and mammals. This review outlines and compares notable GRP pairs mediating sperm–egg recognition in these three significant model systems and discusses the molecular basis of species‐specific fertilization driven by GRP function. In addition, we explore the evolutionary theory behind the rapid diversification of GRPs between species. In particular, we focus on how the coevolution between interacting sperm and egg proteins may contribute to the formation of boundaries to hybridization. Finally, we discuss how pairing structural information with evolutionary insights can improve our understanding of mechanisms of fertilization and their origins.
Seeking impact: Global perspectives on outcome measure selection for translational and clinical research for primary mitochondrial disorders
Authors: Goldstein Amy , Rahman Shamima 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrimary mitochondrial disorders (PMDs) are challenging due to overall poor outcomes, no proven treatments, and a history of failed clinical trials, leading to a critical need to design future trials that can prove efficacy of an intervention. Selection of outcome measures for PMDs is complicated by extreme clinical, biochemical and genetic heterogeneity; PMDs are effectively a collection of nearly 400 individually ultrarare diseases. In clinical trials, outcome measures aim to evaluate, and ideally quantitate, the efficacy of an intervention in ameliorating clinical phenotype(s). The heterogeneity and multisystemic nature of PMDs makes it unlikely that a universal outcome measure will be applicable to all PMDs. Instead, a composite score of the individual's most worrisome symptoms may be a preferable endpoint. A further challenge arises from the tension between finding outcomes suitable for use in clinical trials (able to produce a measurable change in a relatively short period of time, namely the duration of a clinical trial) vs measures that are clinically meaningful to individual patients. A number of clinical rating scales and proposed biomarkers have emerged to capture the features of PMDs for natural history and interventional trials. Here we review our collective experiences with clinical rating scales, patient‐reported outcome measures, and physiological, imaging, biochemical and muscle phenotypes as outcome measures in paediatric and adult PMDs in natural history studies and recent clinical trials. There is a pressing need to agree on a set of validated, robust, clinically meaningful outcome measures internationally, to facilitate the multicentre international clinical trials needed for optimal evaluation of novel therapies for these ultrarare diseases.
Protein Intake at the First Day of Full‐Oral Intake During Hospitalization Is Associated With Complications and Hospital Length of Stay
Authors: Dijxhoorn Dorian N. , IJmker‐Hemink Vera E. , Kievit Wietske , Wanten Geert J. A. , van den Berg Manon G. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition at admission is associated with complication‐related readmission and prolonged hospital stay. This underscores the importance of an adequate intake ‐ more particular, protein intake ‐ to prevent further deterioration and treat malnutrition during hospitalization. Our objective was to assess whether protein intake relative to requirements at the first day of full oral intake is associated with complications and hospital length of stay (LOS) in medical and surgical patients.MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study in patients on the wards of gastroenterology, orthopedics, urology, and gynecology. Protein intake was measured by subtracting the weight of each dish at the end of each mealtime from the weight at serving time. Complications and LOS were reported using patients’ medical records.ResultsIn total, complications were observed in 92 of 637 (14.4%) patients, with a median LOS of 5 days (3.0–7.0). An absolute increase of 10% protein intake relative to requirements reduced the relative complication risk by 10% (odds ratio, 0.900; 95% CI, 0.83–0.97;P< .05). Also, LOS was shortened by 0.23 days for each increase of 10% in protein intake relative to requirements (95% CI, –0.3 to –0.2;P< .05).ConclusionProtein intake relative to requirements at the first day of full‐oral intake is associated with the risk of complications and hospital LOS. This analysis bolsters the evidence for the importance of any hospital meal service that increases protein intake.
Good reductions of Shimura varieties of Hodge type in arbitrary unramified mixed characteristic. Part I
Authors: Vasiu Adrian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe prove the existence of good smooth integral models of Shimura varieties of Hodge type in arbitrary unramified mixed characteristic (0, p). As a first application we provide a smooth solution (answer) to a conjecture (question) of Langlands for Shimura varieties of Hodge type. As a second application we prove the existence in arbitrary unramified mixed characteristic (0, p) of integral canonical models of projective Shimura varieties of Hodge type with respect to h‐hyperspecial subgroups as pro‐étale covers of Néron models; this forms progress towards the proof of conjectures of Milne and Reimann. Though the second application was known before in some cases, its proof is new and more of a principle.