bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial T cell defects and expanded CD56bright NK cells in an SCID patient carrying hypomorphic mutation in the IL2RG gene
Authors: Cifaldi Cristina , Cotugno Nicola , Di Cesare Silvia , Giliani Silvia , Di Matteo Gigliola , Amodio Donato , Piano Mortari Eva , Chiriaco Maria , Buonsenso Danilo , Zangari Paola , Pagliara Daria , Gaspari Stefania , Carsetti Rita , Palma Paolo , Finocchi Andrea , Locatelli Franco , Rossi Paolo , Doria Margherita , Cancrini Caterina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) caused by full mutation of the IL2RG gene leads to T− B+ NK− phenotype and is usually associated with severe opportunistic infections, diarrhea, and failure to thrive. When IL2RG hypomorphic mutation occurs, diagnosis could be delayed and challenging since only moderate reduction of T and NK cells may be present. Here, we explored phenotypic insights and the impact of the p.R222C hypomorphic mutation (IL2RGR222C) in distinct cell subsets in an 8-month-old patient with atypical X-SCID. We found reduced CD4+ T cell counts, a decreased frequency of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and an expansion of B cells. Ex vivo STAT5 phosphorylation was impaired in CD4+CD45RO+ T cells, yet compensated by supraphysiological doses of IL-2. Sanger sequencing on purified cell subsets showed a partial reversion of the mutation in total CD3+ cells, specifically in recent thymic emigrants (RTE), effector memory (EM), and CD45RA+ terminally differentiated EM (EMRA) CD4+ T cells. Of note, patient’s NK cells had a normal frequency compared to age-matched healthy subjects, but displayed an expansion of CD56bright cells with higher perforin content and cytotoxic potential, associated with accumulation of NK-cell stimulatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-7, IL-15). Overall, this report highlights an alteration in the NK-cell compartment that, together with the high disease-phenotype variability, should be considered in the suspicion of X-SCID with hypomorphic IL2RG mutation.
How team helping influences abusive and empowering leadership: The roles of team affective tone and performance
Authors: Smallfield Jarvis , Hoobler Jenny M. , Kluemper Donald H. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryLeaders' perceptions of their teams are critical sources of contextual social information influencing leadership behaviors. In this paper, we extend affect‐as‐social‐information theory to understand how and why team helping behaviors predict leaders' mistreatment of their teams in the form of abusive supervision and positive leader behavior in the form of empowering leadership, both through leaders' perceptions of team positive affective tone. In addition, based on social information processing, we examine the cue of leaders' perceptions of team task performance as a factor that helps us understand when the relationship between positive affective tone and leadership behaviors may be attenuated. In two text‐based scenario studies, a video‐based scenario study, and a multisource field study, we found evidence that team helping behavior is antecedent to abusive and empowering leadership behaviors and that this relationship is fully mediated by leaders' perceptions of team positive affective tone. Moreover, our results support team task performance as a factor that decreases the degree to which affective tone is related to abusive supervision. We discuss our findings as a caution to scholars' assumptions about the directionality of leader‐team influence, emphasizing the need to acknowledge upward effects in workplace mistreatment research in the leader–team relationship.
Conflict, justice, and inequality: Why perceptions of leader–member exchange differentiation hurt performance in teams
Authors: Choi Daejeong , Kraimer Maria L. , Seibert Scott E. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryTo better understand why leader–member exchange (LMX) differentiation in teams may be detrimental to individual and team performance, we propose that team members' perception of LMX differentiation (PLMXD) is more important than statistical measures of LMX differentiation. Specifically, we hypothesize a multilevel model in which relationship conflict and procedural justice (climate) mediate the relationships of individual and collective PLMXDs with individual and team performance, respectively. Using a sample of 235 individuals in 53 teams, we found that individual PLMXD was negatively related to individual performance through relationship conflict perceptions, controlling for LMX. At the team level, collective PLMXD was negatively related to team performance through procedural justice climate and relationship conflict, controlling for a statistical measure of LMXD. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are explored.
Use of Bedside Ultrasound to Assess Muscle Changes in the Critically Ill Surgical Patient
Authors: Bury Christan , DeChicco Robert , Nowak Diane , Lopez Rocio , He Lulu , Jacob Sandhya , Kirby Donald F. , Rahman Nadeem , Cresci Gail 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCritical illness causes hypercatabolism, loss of lean body mass (LBM), and poor outcomes. Evaluating LBM in the critically ill is challenging, and it is uncertain whether nutrition support (NS) impacts LBM. This study measured quadriceps muscle layer thickness (QMLT) by bedside ultrasound (US) to estimate LBM changes in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsTrained RDNs measured QMLT via US at the midpoint and one‐third distance between the superior margin of the patella and the anterior superior iliac spine. QMLT measurements were taken upon enrollment and repeated 1–2 times over 10 days.ResultsFifty‐two SICU patients and 15 HCs were enrolled. Average SICU percent QMLT loss per day at the midpoint and one‐third landmarks was 3.2 ± 3.8 (P < 0.001) and 2.9 ± 5.7 (P = 0.001); and QMLT loss was higher between the second and third measurements (4.0 ± 8.0, P = 0.005 and 4.3 ± 9.8, P = 0.017 at the midpoint and one‐third landmarks) compared with that at the first and second measurements (1.7 ± 9.2, P = 0.20 & 1.7 ± 9.4, P = 0.22). Changes were not associated with NS received. No significant QMLT change was found in HCs.ConclusionsSICU patients significantly lost QMLT over 10 days, with greater losses occurring after 5 days. These results support RDNs performing USs to detect QMLT changes and suggest this technique could be valuable to evaluate LBM changes in critically ill patients.
Diphenylsilane‐Manganese Acetylacetonate Redox Initiating Systems: Toward Amine‐Free and Peroxide‐Free Systems
Authors: Arar Ahmad , Mousawi Assi Al , Boyadjian Cassia , Garra Patxi , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRoom temperature redox initiated free radical polymerization (RFRP), without light, brings a significant breakthrough in the field of materials science including energy conservation, high efficiency, robustness in thick materials/composites, and easy operation. Meanwhile, the current redox initiating systems used are based on toxic aromatic amines and hazardous peroxides (e.g., dibenzoylperoxide). In the present paper, for the first time in literature, new amine‐free, peroxide‐free redox two component (2K) initiating systems comprised of diphenylsilane (DPS, a reducing agent) and manganese acetylacetonate (Mn(acac)3, an oxidizing agent) are proposed. The significance of the system is its applicability under mild conditions (RT, under air). Optical pyrometry measurement results showed that the DPS in combination with Mn(acac)3 exhibited an excellent radical initiating property for benchmark (meth)acrylate monomers, competitive with a well‐established amine/dibenzoyl peroxide reference. Based on electron spin resonance experiments, the initiating chemical mechanisms of RFRP are proposed.
Theoretical studies of the g factors and local structures of the Ni3+ centers in Na2Zn(SO4)2·4H2O and K2Zn(SO4)2·6H2O crystals
Authors: Chen B.J. , Li Y.D. , Feng C.D. , Zhang H.M. , Yan C. , Xiao W.B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe local structures and the g factors gi (i = x, y, z) for Ni3+ centers in Na2Zn(SO4)2·4H2O (DPPH) and K2Zn(SO4)2·6H2O (PHZS) crystals are theoretically studied by using the perturbation formulas of the g factors for a 3d7 ion with low spin (S = 1/2) in orthorhombically compressed octahedra. In these formulas, the contributions to g factors from both the spin‐orbit coupling interactions of the central ion and ligands are taken into account, and the required crystal‐field parameters are estimated from the superposition model and the local geometry of the systems. Based on the calculations, the Ni‐O bonds are found to suffer the axial compression δz (or Δz) of about 0.111 Å (or 0.036 Å) along the z‐axis for Ni3+ centers in DPPH (or PHZS) crystals. Meanwhile, the Ni‐O bonds may experience additional planar bond length variation δx (≈0.015 Å) along x‐ and y‐axes for the orthorhombic Ni3+ center in DPPH. The theoretical g factors agree well with the experimental data. The obtained local structural parameters for both Ni3+ centers are discussed.
Outcome at the end of treatment of patients with common and curable childhood cancer types in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Chakumatha Eunice , Weijers Janna , Banda Kondwani , Bailey Simon , Molyneux Elizabeth , Chagaluka George , Israels Trijn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer aims to increase survival to at least 60% for all children with cancer globally, with initial focus on six common curable cancer types. Frequent causes of treatment failure in low income countries (LICs) are treatment abandonment and death during treatment. Here, we report on the outcome at the end of treatment of patients with newly diagnosed common and curable cancer types, admitted in the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi.ProcedureOutcome at end of treatment was documented and analyzed retrospectively for all children with a working diagnosis of a common and curable cancer type (ALL, Hodgkin disease, Wilms tumor, retinoblastoma, and Burkitt lymphoma) admitted over a 2‐year period. Patients with a misdiagnosis were excluded. Outcomes were categorized as alive without evidence of disease, treatment abandonment, death during treatment, or persistent disease.ResultsWe included 264 patients. Seven patients with a misdiagnosis were excluded. At the end of treatment, 53% (139 of 264) of patients were alive without evidence of disease, 19% (49 of 264) had abandoned treatment, 23% (61 of 264) had died during treatment, and 6% (15 of 264) had persistent disease.ConclusionSurvival of children with common and curable cancers is (significantly) below 50%. Almost half (42%) of the patients either abandoned treatment or died during treatment. Strategies to enable parents to complete treatment of their child and improved supportive care are needed. Such interventions may need to be given priority to improve the currently poor survival.
Indian patient use of cancer euphemisms: Association with psychological outcomes and health behaviours
Authors: Epton Tracy , Chittem Mahati , Tanikella Ravali , Rajappa Senthil , Sinha Sudha , Harris Peter R 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveEuphemisms may be used to reduce the threat associated with the word “cancer.” Cancer may be particularly threatening in Indian culture due to the myths surrounding its cause and prognosis. This study explored the prevalence of euphemism use by Indian patients and the relationship among euphemism use and illness cognitions, affect, health behaviour, and spontaneous self‐affirmation (a behaviour associated with dealing with threat).MethodsIn total, 350 cancer patients in India were recruited to take part in a study exploring patients' experiences of, and thoughts about, having an illness. They responded to a questionnaire measuring illness perceptions, coping strategies, anxiety, depression, health behaviours, and spontaneous self‐affirmation. Patients were asked what words they used to describe their illness; euphemism users were those who used a euphemism (ie, non‐medical term) as a first word.ResultsAbout 51% of patients used a euphemism as a first word. Those with less education, unskilled employment, a lower income, and more children were more likely to be euphemism users. Euphemism users reported (a) weaker illness perceptions (less personal control, greater reporting of symptoms, and less understanding of their condition), (b) less use of 3 of 14 coping strategies, (c) less likelihood of spontaneously self‐affirming, and (d) fewer healthy eating days.ConclusionsEuphemism use in patients was not related to distress but was related to negative illness perceptions and use of fewer coping strategies, suggesting that we need further study about the extent to which euphemisms signal issues in psychological adaptation to cancer diagnosis.
An extended algorithm for autonomous grasping of soft tissues during robotic surgery
Authors: Amirkhani Golchehr , Farahmand Farzam , Yazdian Seied Muhammad , Mirbagheri Alireza 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutonomous grasping of soft tissues can facilitate the robotic surgery procedures. The previous attempts for implementing auto‐grasping have been based on a simplistic representation of the actual surgery maneuvers.MethodA generalized three‐zone grasp model was introduced to consider the effect of the pull force angulation on the grasp mode, that is, damage, slip, or safe grasp. Also, an extended auto‐grasping algorithm was proposed in which the trigger force is automatically controlled against the pull force magnitude and direction, to achieve a safe and secure grasp.ResultsThe autonomous grasping experiments against a varying pull force in a phantom study indicated a good agreement between the desired and actual pinch and trigger forces (root mean square errors lower than 0.168 N and 0.280 N, respectively) and no sign of tissue tear or slippage.ConclusionsThe proposed auto‐grasping algorithm can help manipulating the soft tissues safely and effectively during robotic surgery procedures.
Quasi‐time‐dependent asynchronous filtering for discrete time switched systems via the event triggering mechanism
Authors: Zhao Jianrong , Park Ju H. , Xu Shengyuan 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis article is concerned with the quasi‐time‐dependent asynchronous filter design problem for a class of discrete‐time switched systems via the event‐triggering mechanism. Applying the quasi‐time‐dependent Lyapunov functions and the mode‐dependent average dwell time technique, an asynchronous filter is designed with a weighted performance index; the filter parameter matrices are quasi‐time‐dependent in each event‐triggering‐dependent sampling interval; both cases (Case 1: no more than one switching, Case 2: multiple switchings) are taken into account in this sampling interval, by which the assumption, that the maximal asynchronous period is not larger than the minimal dwell time, is relaxed in this article. Simulation examples are given to show the less conservatism and effectiveness of the proposed results.
Faithful Fabrication of Biocompatible Multicompartmental Memomicrospheres for Digitally Color‐Tunable Barcoding
Authors: Tang Guosheng , Chen Long , Wang Zixuan , Gao Shuting , Qu Qingli , Xiong Ranhua , Braeckmans Kevin , De Smedt Stefaan C. , Zhang Yu Shrike , Huang Chaobo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBarcodes have attracted widespread attention, especially for the multiplexed bioassays and anti‐counterfeiting used toward medical and biomedical applications. An enabling gas‐shearing approach is presented for generating 10‐faced microspherical barcodes with precise control over the properties of each compartment. As such, the color of each compartment could be programmatically adjusted in the 10‐faced memomicrospheres by using pregel solutions containing different combinations of fluorescent nanoparticles. During the process, three primary colors (red, green, and blue) are adopted to obtain up to seven merged fluorescent colors for constituting a large amount of coding as well as a magnetic compartment, capable of effective and robust high‐throughput information‐storage. More importantly, by using the biocompatible sodium alginate to construct the multicolor microspherical barcodes, the proposed technology is likely to advance the fields of food and pharmaceutics anti‐counterfeiting. These remarkable properties point to the potential value of gas‐shearing in engineering microspherical barcodes for biomedical applications in the future.
Solid Electrolyte Interphase Evolution on Lithium Metal in Contact with Glyme‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Nojabaee Maryam , Küster Kathrin , Starke Ulrich , Popovic Jelena , Maier Joachim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a prerogative for functional lithium metal batteries. Herein, the formation and evolution of such SEI in contact with glyme‐based electrolytes is investigated under open circuit voltage and several constant current cycles. An important conclusion of the study is that LixSy species are nonbeneficial SEI components, compared to the Li3N counterpart. In addition, chemical (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS) and electrochemical (impedance spectroscopy) evolution of SEI under galvanostatic conditions are comprehensively tracked.
A Highly Aligned Nanowire‐Based Strain Sensor for Ultrasensitive Monitoring of Subtle Human Motion
Authors: Tang Ning , Zhou Cheng , Qu Danyao , Fang Ye , Zheng Youbin , Hu Wenwen , Jin Ke , Wu Weiwei , Duan Xuexin , Haick Hossam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAchieving highly accurate responses to external stimuli during human motion is a considerable challenge for wearable devices. The present study leverages the intrinsically high surface‐to‐volume ratio as well as the mechanical robustness of nanostructures for obtaining highly‐sensitive detection of motion. To do so, highly‐aligned nanowires covering a large area were prepared by capillarity‐based mechanism. The nanowires exhibit a strain sensor with excellent gauge factor (≈35.8), capable of high responses to various subtle external stimuli (≤200 µm deformation). The wearable strain sensor exhibits also a rapid response rate (≈230 ms), mechanical stability (1000 cycles) and reproducibility, low hysteresis (<8.1%), and low power consumption (<35 µW). Moreover, it achieves a gauge factor almost five times that of microwire‐based sensors. The nanowire‐based strain sensor can be used to monitor and discriminate subtle movements of fingers, wrist, and throat swallowing accurately, enabling such movements to be integrated further into a miniaturized analyzer to create a wearable motion monitoring system for mobile healthcare.
Nanosized Core–Shell Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks‐Based Membranes for Gas Separation
Authors: Yuan Shao Hsuan , Isfahani Ali Pournaghshband , Yamamoto Takuma , Muchtar Ansori , Wu Chih Yi , Huang Guoji , You Yi Cheng , Sivaniah Easan , Chang Bor Kae , Ghalei Behnam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe field of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for separation technology has advanced by using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with significant gas adsorption. Herein, the nanosized zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) core–shell crystals, i.e., ZIF‐67@ZIF‐8 (ZIF‐67 acting as core and ZIF‐8 as shell) are synthesized using the seed‐mediated growth method. ZIF‐67@ZIF‐8 nanocrystals present higher surface area, gas uptake, and thermal stability in comparison with the ZIF‐8 and ZIF‐67 nanoparticles. Nanosized ZIF‐67@ZIF‐8 fillers are loaded into the synthesized polyimide and Pebax 1657 matrices and the gas separation properties are compared with the pure ZIF‐67 and ZIF‐8 MMMs. The highest H2 permeability of 1150 barrer and H2/CH4 selectivity of 21.5 is observed for 20 wt% of ZIF‐67@ZIF‐8 MMM, which demonstrates 100% improvement compared to the permeability of the pristine polyimide membrane. H2 permeability of ZIF‐67@ZIF‐8 MMMs increases by up to 86% and 50% in comparison to the ZIF‐67 and ZIF‐8 MMMs, respectively. This indicates that the interaction and dispersibility of the particles with the polymer matrices can be tuned through the careful engineering of the double‐layered fillers. At the same time, the internal core would impart higher gas uptake and permeability to the overall system.
Effect of Interfacial Layers on the Device Lifetime of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lim Kyung‐Geun , Ji Su Geun , Kim Jin Young , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have excellent optical and electronic properties; exploitation of these traits has increased the power conversion efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics (PePVs) to 25.2%. However, perovskites are chemically unstable, and this deficit has critically impeded their commercialization. Device degradation occurs at the interfaces of PePVs with multiple degradation mechanisms: decomposition of organic cations in perovskites; generation of inorganic byproducts in perovskites; superoxide or trap sites at the interface of the charge‐transport layer; excess charge carriers in perovskites; interfacial migration between perovskites and electrodes. This review considers the critical functions of the interfacial materials to overcome the various degradation at the interfaces of the PePVs. The working mechanisms stabilizing the interface of PePVs are categorized: passivation from atmosphere; inactivation of defect states; migration‐blocking. Then, the outstanding interfacial layers made of organic materials (defect passivation, physical robustness, and chemical inactivation) and inorganic materials (chemically passivating metal oxide, physically passivating metal oxide, and low‐temperature processed inorganic materials) are reviewed according to the stabilizing mechanisms. In addition, the influences of inorganic interconnecting layers in tandem PePVs are reviewed, with respect of various effects of interfacial buffer materials at the interface with perovskites.
Low Lattice Mismatch InSe–Se Vertical Van der Waals Heterostructure for High‐performance Transistors via Strong Fermi‐Level Depinning
Authors: Jiang Jianfeng , Meng Fanqi , Cheng Qilin , Wang Aizhu , Chen Yuke , Qiao Jie , Pang Jinbo , Xu Weidong , Ji Hao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Shanpeng , Feng Xianjin , Gu Lin , Liu Hong , Han Lin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContact engineering, especially at the interface between metal and 2D semiconductors, to enable high‐performance devices remains a formidable challenge due to the inevitable chemical disorder and Fermi‐level pinning at the interface. Here, the authors report the InSe–Se vertical van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures to achieve high field‐effect mobility and electrical stability in 30 nm InSe field‐effect transistor (FET), which has a low lattice mismatch of 1.1% and form 2D/2D low‐resistance contacts, creating an InSe contact interface that substantially limits chemical disorder and Fermi‐level pinning. The Se layer forms a vdW contact to prevent the damage induced by direct metallization and acts as a tunneling layer as well as a protective encapsulation layer. Using this approach, heterojunction devices with a high field‐effect mobility of ≈2500 cm2 (V s)−1 and an excellent on‐state current of ≈10−3 A at room temperature is achieved. Furthermore, the device field‐effect mobility degrades by only 3.46% following two months of storage time in open air, which represents the best electrical stability reported to date. In particular, the heterojunction devices exhibit a better photoresponsivity compared with InSe devices in practical application. This study provides a highly valuable strategy to improve the contact condition of metal/2D semiconductors for high‐performance, 2D‐based electronics and optoelectronics.