bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced treatment of effluent extended aeration process using biological aerated filter with natural media: modiﬁcation in media, design and backwashing process
Authors: Malakootian Mohammad , Hosseini Saeed , Toolabi Ali 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Due to their tolerance of hydraulic and organic shocks, biological aerated filters (BAFs) have high filtration efficiency and are suitable for the treatment of complex and sanitary wastewater. In this study for the first time, natural media of date kernel from Bam city was used as the BAF reactor media and, at the end of the reactor, a meshing sand filter separated by a standard metal grid from the natural filter section was used. This can be considered innovations in the media and filtration. In this work, the actual effluent of the hospital wastewater treatment plant was employed as the inflow wastewater to the reactor, and its organic and inorganic parameters were measured before and after the treatment by the BAF reactor. Reactor effluent measurement was studied in two steps. In one step, the effluent from the backwashing was returned to the reactor and, in the other step, effluents did not return to the reactor, the comparison of which showed that the backwashing effluent return method had more removal efficiency. The backwashing process was also studied in three ways: bottom backwashing (TB), top backwashing (BB), and top and bottom backwashing (TBBS), to determine the amount of water consumed and to achieve the desired result. Finally, the TBBS method was selected as the optimal method. The effect of backwashing effluent return was evaluated on the results of the parameters. Concentration of most of the outflow parameters was less or in accordance with EPA standard 2012.
Missed opportunities for diagnosis and treatment in patients with tuberculosis symptoms: a systematic review
Authors: Divala Titus Henry , Lewis Joe , Bulterys Michelle , Lutje Vittoria , Corbett Elizabeth , Schumacher Samuel , MacPherson Peter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Identification of symptomatic patients followed by prompt on-site investigation form the foundation of facility-based tuberculosis (TB) screening and diagnosis. However, underdiagnosis is common, contributing to ongoing transmission and adverse health outcomes. Methods We searched (to 22 January 2019) MEDLINE, Embase, and Cinahl for studies investigating the pathway of care for patients (and standardised patients) presenting to health facilities or pharmacies with TB symptoms. We used QUADAS-2 to assess risk of bias. We reported the proportions of symptomatic patients at each stage of the diagnostic and care pathway from symptom screening to treatment initiation. Results After screening 5,062 titles and abstracts, we identified 14 eligible studies. None provided data addressing the full cascade of care from clinical presentation to treatment initiation in the same patient population. Symptom-screening, the critical entry point for diagnosis of TB, was not done for 40%, 50%, and 96% of symptomatic participants in the three studies that reported this outcome. The proportion of symptomatic attendees offered a diagnostic investigation (data available for 13 studies), was very low with a pooled weighted estimate of 38% (IQR: 26% to 51%, range 5% to 84%). Conclusions Inefficiencies of the TB symptom screen-based patient pathway are a major contributor to underdiagnosis of TB in health facilities, and reflect inconsistent implementation of longstanding guidelines to ask all patients attending health facilities about respiratory symptoms and to offer diagnostic tests to all patients promptly once TB symptoms are identified. Better screening tools and interventions to improve the efficiency of TB screening and diagnosis pathways in health facilities are urgently needed.
EIGHT: UM PERCURSO DE APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA
Authors: Mendes Andreia Almeida , Fragelli Ricardo Ramos 
Published: February 2020

Este artigo propõe relatar a experiência de aplicação, testagem e validação do percurso de aprendizagem "Eight", idealizado e criado pelo professor Ricardo Fragelli, da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), no 2º período do curso de Medicina da UNIFACIG, durante o segundo semestre de 2018, na disciplina de Metodologia Científica. Trata-se de um relato de experiência, exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, a escolha dos participantes foi por conveniência, considerando como critério de inclusão o fato de terem sido alunos da turma em que o método foi testado. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se de um questionário aberto simples em ambiente on-line, de participação voluntária, com o intuito de permitir aos alunos relatarem sua percepção enquanto participantes do método através de pequenos depoimentos. Registrou-se que, a partir do processo de identificação de problemas, proposição de possíveis soluções, escolha de uma dessas soluções e planejamento para resolver o problema, houve o desenvolvimento de inúmeras habilidades e competências nos alunos envolvidos neste projeto.
Intensificação Laboral e Identidade Profissional: o Professor de Sociologia do Ensino Médio da cidade de Santa Maria/RS
Authors: Ferreira Laura Senna , Pompeu Dionas Ávila 
Published: February 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar as atuais configurações do trabalhodos docentes da educação básica do estado do Rio Grande do Sul,com foco sobre os que ministram a disciplina de Sociologia no ensinomédio das escolas público-estaduais da cidade de Santa Maria. Paratal, recorremos tanto à aplicação de questionários como à realizaçãode entrevistas. Exercitamos o debate sobre as formas de racionalizaçãono mundo do trabalho e suas particularidades no ambiente escolar.Focamos no conceito de intensificação e nas mudanças mais contemporâneasque ocorreram no universo laboral e seus impactos externos.Constatamos que a inadequação entre a formação inicial e a disciplinade Sociologia, bem como elementos de ordem estrutural, impacta demaneira significativa o caráter de artífice e as identidades profissionaisdos docentes.
Palavras-chave: Profissão docente. Identidade Profissional. Sociologiano Ensino Médio. Racionalização do Mundo Laboral. Intensificaçãodo trabalho.
Clasificación multiclase y visualización de quejas de organismos oficiales en twitter
Authors: Hernández-Pajares Beatriz , Pérez-Marín Diana , Frías-Martínez Vanessa 
Published: February 2020

Las redes sociales acumulan gran cantidad de información. Las actuales técnicas de Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural permiten su procesamiento automático y las técnicas de Minería de Datos permiten extraer datos útiles a partir de la información recopilada y procesada. Sin embargo, de la revisión del estado del arte, se observa que la mayoría de los métodos de clasificación de los datos identificados y extraídos de redes sociales son biclase. Esto no es suficiente para algunas áreas de clasificación, en las que hay más de dos clases a considerar. En este artículo, se aporta un estudio comparativo de los métodos svm y Random Forests, para la identificación automática de n-clases en microblogging de redes sociales. Los datos recopilados automáticamente para el estudio están conformados por 190 000 tweets de cuatro organismos oficiales: Metro, Protección Civil, Policía, y Gobierno de México. De los resultados obtenidos, se recomienda el uso de Random Forests, ya que se consigue una precisión media del 81.46 % y una cobertura media del 59.88 %, con nueve tipos de quejas identificadas automáticamente.
Autoantibody Reversion: Changing Risk Categories in Multiple-Autoantibody–Positive Individuals
Authors: So Michelle , O’Rourke Colin , Bahnson Henry T. , Greenbaum Carla J. , Speake Cate 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE
Most individuals with two or more islet autoantibodies progress to clinical type 1 diabetes. However, in some individuals, autoantibodies are subsequently lost. Here, our objectives were to determine the frequency of autoantibody loss (reversion) in multiple-autoantibody–positive individuals and to determine the association between reversion and progression to clinical disease.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed multiple-autoantibody–positive individuals participating in TrialNet’s Pathway to Prevention Study for reversion and determined the effect of reversion on progression to clinical disease using a Cox regression analysis.

RESULTS
Of 3,284 multiple-autoantibody–positive subjects, reversion occurred in 134 (4.1%) and was associated with reduced incidence of clinical disease. Reversion occurred more frequently with older age, lower autoantibody titers, and fewer positive autoantibodies.

CONCLUSIONS
Although reversion of multiple-autoantibody positivity is rare, when it occurs, the risk of progressing to clinical disease is reduced. This suggests unknown mechanisms promoting immune remission in some individuals.
Community Practice Melalui Program Inovasi Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Kewilayahaan (PIPPK) di Kota Bandung
Authors: Dikayuana Didin , Sulastri Sri , Fedryansyah Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

Community practice merupakan pendekatan partisipatif yang melibatkan komunitas untuk terlibat dalam pembangunan di wilayah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan proses kolaboratif pembangunan di wilayah melalui Program yang digagas oleh Pemerintah Kota Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dengan pembahasan secara deskriptif. Informan terdiri dari 20 yang meliputi aparat pemerintahan kecamatan, pemerintahan kelurahan, ketua RW, karang taruna, kelompok Pemberdayaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK) dan Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LPM). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Program Inovasi Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Kewilayahaan (PIPPK) mendorong keterlibatan masyarakat dalam penyelesaian masalah dan pembangunan di wilayahnya. Dampak lainnya adalah peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan, memicu gotong royong antara anggota komunitas, pelestarian lingkungan dan nilai budaya, serta secara politik masyarakat terlibat dalam pembangunan di wilayah urban.
THE ELDERLY’S QUALITY of LIFE IN THE PANTI WERDHA AND THE COMMUNITY OF BANDUNG CITY: WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD Indonesian Version
Authors: Nurbasari Nadya Ayudiawati , Gondodiputro Sharon , Dwipa Lazuardhi 
Published: February 2020

The inability of families to care for their elderly causes them to place the elderly in the Panti Werdhas. The elderly who move to a Panti Werdha usually have difficulties to adapt the new surroundings that can affect their quality of life. The World Health Organization (WHO) developed instruments to measure quality of life, a multidimensional and cross-cultural approach, namely WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and WHO Quality of Life-OLD (WHOQOL-OLD). Both instruments have been translated into Indonesian language. The aim of the study was to analyze the differences in quality of life between the elderly who live in the Panti Werdhas and in the community. A cross-sectional analytic quantitative study was carried out from October to November 2019 at 5 Panti Werdhas and 6 public health centers (Puskesmas) in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. The total number of respondents in the Panti Werdha and at the Puskesmas as many as 42 respondents. The selection of respondents in the Panti Werdhas used purposive sampling, whereas in the puskesmas used consecutive sampling. The Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test was used to analyze the respondent's characteristics and the Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze differences in the quality of life. This study discovered that respondents living in the Panti Werdhas were older, not married/divorced and less educated compared to respondents in the community. The quality of life of the elderly in Panti Werdhas was lower compared to the elderly in the community for all dimensions (p=≤0.05) except the dimensions of death and dying (p=0.741). It can be concluded that there are differences in the quality of life between the elderly who live in Panti Werdhas and in the community except at the dimensions of death and dying.
Activity and stability of urease enzyme immobilized on Amberlite resin
Authors: Al-Shams Jawad Kadhim Jawad , Hussein Mustafa Abdul Kadhim , Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes is a good field of study to extend the life of enzyme and reduce the cost of the chemical processes, such as separation processes. Urease is an important enzyme with medical and industrial applications. The aim of the present study is to prepare an immobilized urease on a strong cation exchange resin (Amberlite IR120 Na) and study its activity and stability. We monitored the release of Na ions in the collected fractions and searching for enzyme in the fractions as indicators of immobilization by ion exchange phenomenon. Sodium is determined by using atomic absorption spectroscopy technique, while the enzyme concentration was tested by Bradford’s method. Immobilized urease activity was evaluated by salicylate-hypochlorite method. The results indicated a complete immobilization of urease enzyme on the resin surface with reserving 92% of the activity of free enzyme. The immobilized urease enzyme on resin showed good stability and it has a 62% of its activity after 154 days of storage at room temperature. It is concluded that a new immobilized urease enzyme system is prepared with good enzyme activity and stability.
“PERAN PUSAT PELAYANAN TERPADU PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK (P2TP2A) KABUPATEN MALANG DALAM MEMBERIKAN LAYANAN ADVOKASI KORBAN KHUSUSNYA TERHADAP ANAK SEBAGAI KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL”
Authors: Anggraini PK Ratih Dwi 
Published: February 2020

Peneltian ini memberikan perhatian pada peran P2TP2A Kabupaten Malang sebagai lembaga yang dibentuk untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap kepentingan dan masa depan anak korban kekerasan seksual. Penelitian ini mengambil rumusan masalah Peran P2TP2A Kabupaten Malang dalam memberikan layanan advokasi korban terhadap anak sebagai Korban Kekerasan Seksual, kendala yang dihadapi dan upaya yang dilakukan P2TP2A Kabupaten Malang dalam memberikan layanan advokasi korban terhadap anak sebagai Korban Kekerasan Seksual. Penelitian ini merupakan peneltian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan empiris yang dianalisa secara deskriptif kualitatif.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, dapat diketahui bahwa keberadaan P2TP2A Kabupaten Malang bisa memberikan pengaruh penting guna meminimalisir kasus kekerasan seksual yang terjadi di Kabupaten Malang. Peran P2TP2A Kabupaten Malang dalam memberikan layanan advokasi korban terdiri dari 2 bentuk yakni secara litigasi dan nonlitigasi. Secara litigasi, berjalan baik tetapi belum maksimal dikarenakan belum tersedianya sumber daya manusia yang memadai atau belum mempunyai keahlian di bidang litigasi. Sedangkan secara non litigasi, bentuk pelayanan yang diberikan terdiri dari dampingan psikologi spiritual, konseling dan mediasi. Sejauh ini layanan nonlitigasi sudah sangat baik dan mendapat dukungan dari masyarakat. Adapun bentuk – bentuk hambatan yang dihadapi ialah belum didukungnya sumber dana dan sumber daya manusia yang memadai dan faktor budaya masyarakat yang masih memandang bahwa permasalahan yang menimpa keluarga mereka merupakan masalah internal yang tidak perlu melibatkan orang luar. Upaya untuk mengatasi hambatan telah dilakukan dengan melakukan pendekatan dan koordinasi dengan instansi daerah terkait dan melakukan sosialisasi atau penyuluhan kepada masyarakat.
Melihat kenyataan ini, disarankan kepada pemerintah daerah untuk menjadikan isu perlindungan anak korban kekerasan seksual menjadi prioritas pembangunan yang termasuk didanai oleh APBD dan kepada lembaga P2TP2A Kabupaten Malang dapat lebih mengoptimalkan program – program yang menjadi prioritas kegiatannya.
Reduce Drilling Risk in HPHT Gas Field Using Innovative Look-Ahead Technology - A Case Study from South China Sea
Authors: Yang Hong Jun , Guo Shu Sheng , Gao Yong De , Chen Ming , Wang Chao , Shim Yen Han , Chang Bo Tao , Wang Fei , Li Tong 
Published: February 2020

Located in offshore South China Sea, Ledong high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) gas field has entered the appraisal phase after the first discovery was announced in 2015. The pressure gradient of the main target zone is close to 2.2 g/cm3 whereas the top formation is approximately 1.8 g/cm3; the sand packages are separated by a variable shale layer thickness. To avoid kicks, mud losses, or other drilling problems, mud weight must be adjusted accordingly to preserve the well integrity. Hence, the main objective for this hole section is to stop drilling above the main target sand and set casing to isolate the formation with different pressure gradient.
An innovative look-ahead technology based on deep electromagnetic measurements was used to predict the formation change ahead of bit in real time to reduce the drilling risk. After review of the technical and geological challenges encountered in this field, this paper will discuss the successful approach taken to detect formation changes using the new technique. After the shale layer above the target sand has been identified in real-time, drilling will stop above the high-pressured sand to set casing. In addition, the authors will also describe the bottom hole assembly (BHA) configuration and measurement selection in the planning phase to ensure the success of this well.
The real-time interpretation of look-ahead measurements enables boundary detection ahead of the bit at distances ranging from 3 to 20 m in this example. The depth of detection depends on the resistivity contrast between formation, layer thickness, presence of laminations, and the transmitter-to-receiver distance. The application of the innovative look-ahead technology has helped to
Reduce the drilling risk by detecting formation change ahead of the bit
Accurately identify casing shoe position to ensure well integrity
Eliminate extra casing string, which will directly increase the well construction cost
Avoid unnecessary operation adjustments and improve drilling efficiency
Clear prediction of the resistivity profile ahead of the bit enables proactive decision making while drilling. This additional information has removed the need to consider the possibilities for different scenarios and the extra circulating time taken to make decisions among stake holders.
The successful implementation of the look-ahead technology and the application in the HPHT well has led to reduction in overall nonproductive time by reducing drilling risk and improving drilling efficiency. This innovative technique changes the real-time decision-making process while delivering a new way to manage drilling risk.
The Development of High-Performance Float Equipment, Industry Standards and Potential Failure Modes and Causes
Authors: Gonzalez David J , Farley Douglas B 
Published: February 2020

The history of float equipment began in 1907, with the development by R.C. Baker of a casing shoe that allowed casing to be cemented in wells. Since that time, major changes in cementing techniques and equipment have taken place to address more challenging applications. This paper reviews the progress of float equipment design over the years and discusses the various failure modes that have been encountered and addressed.
As the drilling and casing installation has grown in reach and design, so the level of sophistication of float equipment and operational techniques has developed and inherent problems have been encountered, identified and addressed. The development of the API Specification 10F will enable operators to better understand the design and performance of float equipment and make choices in design that are best suited to the application being planned. It is of vital importance that operators understand the possible failure modes and the choices available in float equipment valve design that are best suited to their application. There is quite often a tendency to underestimate the importance of choosing the right equipment for the application, and this will be addressed in this paper. The authors will also provide a detailed evaluation of the development, design, performance and suitability of the equipment choices that are available. They will review the industry standards that are applicable to float equipment, the various failure modes that can occur, identify the causes and discuss how to anticipate and address them. Navigating the various features associated with seeming simple float equipment can significantly reduce operational cost.
Expandable, Acid Soluble and Settable LCM for Severe Losses
Authors: Santra Ashok , Patel Hasmukh , Thaemlitz Carl 
Published: February 2020

Loss of circulation during drilling and cementing operations is a very common yet challenging problem. It often causes large amounts of non-productive time (NPT) and inadequate zonal isolation. One of the main reasons why such losses are difficult to remedy is the lack of knowledge about accurate fracture width and depth encountered while drilling, leading to an improper selection of suitable plugging materials that can adapt, in both volume and shape, to effectively plug a wide range of fractures with unknown dimensions.Traditional, non-reactive particulate/fiber based or settable fluid, types of loss circulation materials (LCM), when applied in insufficient quantities, cannot effectively seal a high permeability zone. Whereas, the series of settable and acid-soluble LCM fluids developed in this work are expandable in nature; therefore, the LCM can adapt in volume even under high downhole pressure to effectively seal a wide range of fractures with unknown dimensions. Volume adaptability is introduced in the LCM through in-situ generation of non-hazardous gas; in the gas phase, the LCM can either expand or contract depending on the differential pressure at the fracture space.The fluids developed in this work are applicable up to a downhole temperature of 149°C (300°F). An HTHP cement consistometer has been used to determine the pumpability time of each LCM fluid to ensure that they do not setup prematurely while pumping. A set-delaying agent is used to adjust the pumpability time. The LCM fluid starts in-situ generation of the non-hazardous gas above 49°C (120°F) while pumping down the wellbore. Laboratory testing has been performed to quantify the percentage of expansion at different temperatures, demonstrating that the rate of gas generation is faster at higher temperatures. Acid solubility has been tested with 15% HCl and the LCM is 100% soluble. In-situ formation of gas in these fluids is non-flammable and non-hazardous, unlike earlier industrial attempts that release hydrogen gas. The expandable nature of this acid using soluble and settable materials makes it novel and unique in that it can expand, even under down-hole pressure conditions, to effectively cure major losses at application temperatures up to 149°C (300°F).