bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direitos Humanos, Cidadania e Violência no Brasil: a qualidade da democracia em perspectiva | Human Rights, Citizenship and Violence in Brazil: the quality of democracy in perspective
Authors: Domínguez Ávila Carlos Frederico 
Published: May 2020

O artigo explora a evolução recente dos Direitos Humanos, da Cidadania e da Violência, e seus impactos na qualidade da democracia no Brasil. São utilizadas como unidades de análise três conjuntos de tópicos: a dignidade pessoal, os direitos civis, e os direitos políticos. Em geral, constata-se a existência de uma distância considerável entre a proclamação normativa desses Direitos Humanos no sistema legal, de um lado, e a efetiva promoção e execução desses direitos básicos na realidade política e social do Brasil.Palavras-chave: Direitos Humanos; Qualidade da Democracia; Brasil.ABSTRACTThe paper explores the evolution of Human Rights, Citizenship and Violence, and their impacts in the study of democratic quality in Brazil. It is used three set of basic rights as topics for research: the personal dignity, the civil rights, and the political rights. At the end, it is noted some distance between the existence of opportunities for Human Rights in the legal system of the country and the actual guarantee of those set of basic rights in the political and social Brazilian reality.Keywords: Human Rights; the Quality of Democracy; Brazil. Recebido em: 30 de Março 2020.
Sapphire Fabry–Perot interferometer for high-temperature pressure sensing
Authors: Wang Z. , Chen J. , Wei H. , Liu H. , Ma Z. , Chen N. , Chen Z. , Wang T. , Pang F. 
Published: May 2020

An adhesive-free encapsulation sapphire Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) is proposed and demonstrated for high-temperature pressure measurements. The sapphire FPI sensor is packaged by zirconia ferrules and a zirconia sleeve, which is easy to be configured and low in cost. Owing to this packaging technology, the sapphire FPI sensor presents good stability and high temperature resistance. The pressure and temperature properties of the sapphire FPI sensor are investigated within a temperature range from

−

50
∘

C

to 1200°C and a pressure range from 0.4 to 4.0 MPa. Experimental results show the FPI has a temperature sensitivity of 23 pm/°C and still works as the temperature is up to 1200°C. Meanwhile, the wavelength shift of the sapphire FPI versus the applied pressure is linear at each tested temperature. The pressure sensitivity is measured to be 1.20 nm/MPa at 1200°C, and the linear response shows the proposed sensor has good repeatability within 0.4–4.0 MPa. Such a sapphire FPI sensor has potential applications in engineering areas, such as the oil industry and gas boilers.
Effects of 8 Weeks of Isoinertial vs. Cable-Resistance Training on Motor Skills Performance and Interlimb Asymmetries
Authors: Madruga-Parera Marc , Bishop Chris , Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe Azahara , Beato Marco , Gonzalo-Skok Oliver , Romero-Rodríguez Daniel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Madruga-Parera, M, Bishop, C, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A, Beato, M, Gonzalo-Skok, O, and Romero-Rodríguez, D. Effects of 8-weeks of Isoinertial vs. Cable-resistance Training on Motor Skills Performance and Interlimb Asymmetries. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1200–1208, 2022—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of isoinertial vs. cable-resistance training on motor skills performance and interlimb asymmetries in handball players. Thirty-four young male handball players (mean ± SD: age: 15.96 ± 1.39 years; height: 1.74 ± 0.73 m; body mass: 70.5 ± 13.3 kg) participated in a randomized trial. The players performed an isoinertial program using a portable flywheel device or a cable-resistance device. Performance variations and interlimb asymmetries in dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) limb means of the unilateral countermovement jump (UCMJ), the unilateral lateral jump (ULJ), the unilateral broad jump (UBJ), handball throwing (HT), change of direction speed (COD180), the linear sprint (S20), the V-CUT test, and the repeated change of direction (RCOD) were recorded. Significant interactions were shown in RCODD (p = 0.003, η
p
= 0.25), HT (p = 0.015, η
p
= 0.17) and UCMJASY (p = 0.037, η
p
= 0.13). Post-hoc testing revealed higher effect sizes in the isoinertial group (p < 0.05) for the performance improvements in RCODD (−1.35 large vs. −0.22, small) and HT (0.88, moderate vs. 0.00, trivial), in addition to interlimb asymmetry reductions in UCMJASY (−0.70 moderate vs. −0.32, small). Significant main effects of time in COD180, RCOD, UCMJ, and UBJ for both limbs (p < 0.05, from moderate to large effect size), and in ULJND (p < 0.001, large), UCMJASY (p < 0.001, moderate), V-CUT (p = 0.014, small), and HT (p = 0.015, large) were found. The effect sizes revealed greater magnitudes in the isoinertial group. In conclusion, although both resistance training programs improve players' to physical performance and reduce interlimb asymmetries, greater improvements were recorded with the isoinertial resistance training than with the cable-resistance methodology.
Effects of Strength Training on Sleep Parameters of Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Santiago Ladyodeyse C.S. , Lyra Maria J. , Germano-Soares Antônio H. , Lins-Filho Ozeas L. , Queiroz Daniel R. , Prazeres Thaliane M.P. , Mello Marco T. , Pedrosa Rodrigo P. , Falcão Ana P.S.T. , Santos Marcos A.M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Santiago, LCS, Lyra, MJ, Germano-Soares, AH, Lins-Filho, OL, Queiroz, DR, Prazeres, TMP, Mello, MT, Pedrosa, RP, Falcão, APST, and Santos, MAM. Effects of strength training on sleep parameters of adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1222–1227, 2022—This study aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of strength training (ST) on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in adolescents with sleep complaints. Thirty adolescents were randomly assigned to 2 groups: ST group (ST, n = 18) and control group (CG, n = 12). Anthropometric, body composition, one-repetition maximum test, and sleep parameters (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] and Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]) were evaluated. Training consisted of 55 min·d−1 (3 times a week, for 12 weeks), 3 sets of 10–12 repetitions with a 1-minute rest interval between sets and exercises. Baseline and postintervention differences were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations and the effect size (ES) with Cohen's d coefficient. Significance was set at (p < 0.05). After 12 weeks of ST, a significant decrease in the PSQI score (7.3 ± 0.7 vs. 5.1 ± 0.6; ES = 4.10) was observed in the ST group, but not in the CG (6.3 ± 0.8 vs. 7.4 ± 0.7; ES = 1.53). A significant decrease in ESS score was found in the ST group (10.1 ± 0.7 vs. 8.2 ± 0.7; ES = 3.08), without differences in the CG (10.7 ± 0.8 vs. 11.0 ± 0.7; ES = 0.56). The ST group presented increased total sleep duration (h·min−1) (6.2 ± 0.2 vs. 6.9 ± 0.2; ES = 3.60), but not the CG (7.0 ± 0.2 vs. 6.8 ± 0.1; ES = 1.32). Individual analyses showed ≈67% of adolescents experienced a reduction in PSQI (8.3; confidence interval [CI] 95% 6.8–10.1) and ESS (8.3; CI 95% 6.7–9.9) scores after ST, whereas only ≈17% of control subjects presented reduced scores (PSQI [11.1; CI 95% 9.5–12.9] and ESS [11.0; CI 95% 9.4–12.6]). Strength training improved sleep quality and increased total sleep duration.
Increased Retinoic Acid Catabolism in Olfactory Sensory Neurons Activates Dormant Tissue-Specific Stem Cells and Accelerates Age-Related Metaplasia
Authors: Håglin Sofia , Berghard Anna , Bohm Staffan 
Published: May 2020

The cellular and molecular basis of metaplasia and declining neurogenesis in the aging olfactory epithelium (OE) remains unknown. The horizontal basal cell (HBC) is a dormant tissue-specific stem cell presumed to only be forced into self-renewal and differentiation by injury. Here we analyze male and female mice and show that HBCs also are activated with increasing age as well as non-cell-autonomously by increased expression of the retinoic acid-degrading enzyme CYP26B1. Activating stimuli induce HBCs throughout OE to acquire a rounded morphology and express IP3R3, which is an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor constitutively expressed in stem cells of the adjacent respiratory epithelium. Odor/air stimulates CYP26B1 expression in olfactory sensory neurons mainly located in the dorsomedial OE, which is spatially inverse to ventrolateral constitutive expression of the retinoic acid-synthesizing enzyme (RALDH1) in supporting cells. In ventrolateral OE, HBCs express low p63 levels and preferentially differentiate instead of self-renewing when activated. When activated by chronic CYP26B1 expression, repeated injury, or old age, ventrolateral HBCs diminish in number and generate a novel type of metaplastic respiratory cell that is RALDH−and secretes a mucin-like mucus barrier protein (FcγBP). Conversely, in the dorsomedial OE, CYP26B1 inhibits injury-induced and age-related replacement of RALDH−supporting cells with RALDH1+ciliated respiratory cells. Collectively, these results support the concept that inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate type 3 receptor signaling in HBCs, together with altered retinoic acid metabolism within the niche, promote HBC lineage commitment toward two types of respiratory cells that will maintain epithelial barrier function once the capacity to regenerate OE cells ceases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLittle is known about signals that activate dormant stem cells to self-renew and regenerate odor-detecting neurons and other olfactory cell types after loss due to injury, infection, or toxin exposure in the nose. It is also unknown why the stem cells do not prevent age-dependent decline of odor-detecting neurons. We show that (1) stem cells are kept inactive by the vitamin A derivative retinoic acid, which is synthesized and degraded locally by olfactory cells; (2) old age as well as repeated injuries activate the stem cells and exhaust their potential to produce olfactory cells; and (3) exhausted stem cells alter the local retinoic acid metabolism and maintain the epithelial tissue barrier by generating airway cells instead of olfactory cells.
Practical experience with artificial insemination (AI) using fresh chilled and frozen semen in mares
Authors: Gáspárdy András , Renkó Eszter , Somoskői Bence , Bába András , Cseh Sándor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) carried out with frozen and fresh, diluted and chilled semen under field conditions. One hundred and twenty-nine mares of different breeds were included in the study. Eighty-one out of the 107 mares inseminated with fresh, chilled semen got pregnant. Seven pregnant mares aborted and 74 foals were born. Out of the 22 mares inseminated with frozen semen, 17 mares got pregnant. Two mares out of the 17 pregnant mares aborted and finally 15 healthy foals were born. No difference was found between the two groups in the ratio of the foals born (P > 0.05). The comparison of medians for the number of insemination cycles did not show significant differences. However, a significant difference (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.014) was found in the number of the inseminations per conception in favour of frozen semen (2.5 vs. 1.8 with fresh chilled and frozen semen, respectively). The Cox regression revealed that the type of semen has a significant impact (P < 0.001) on the service period (duration of the insemination period): the use of frozen semen prolonged the insemination period. This could be due to management issues, since re-insemination with frozen semen took place after only one/a few missed oestrous cycles not used for AI.
Common dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) – A new host of the myxozoan fish parasite, Myxobolus elegans (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) – Short communication
Authors: Morozova Daria A. , Voronin Vladimir N. , Katokhin Alexey V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper reports the detection of the myxozoan species Myxobolus elegans Kashkovsky 1966 in common dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) that has not been previously listed as its host. The problem of differentiation of phenotypically similar Myxobolus species is addressed. During parasitological survey of common dace from the desalinated part of the Gulf of Finland at the city of Sestroretsk, Russia, numerous oval-shaped plasmodia, 0.2–0.4 mm in size, filled with Myxobolus spores were found on the gills. Pear-shaped myxospores were 15.4 (14.8–16.0) × 10.2 (9.6–10.9) µm in size with a rib on each valve. On the basis of spore morphology, the species appeared to be similar to M. elegans and Myxobolus hungaricus Jaczó, 1940. In order to identify the species, molecular genetic analysis was performed, and the species was identified on the basis of morphological characteristics and 18S rDNA data. The results obtained indicate that the Myxobolus species observed on the gills of dace is M. elegans. Thus, common dace is another valid host of M. elegans besides the type host, ide (Leuciscus idus).
Influences of tolfenamic acid and flunixin meglumine on the disposition kinetics of levofloxacin in sheep
Authors: Durna Corum Duygu , Corum Orhan , Yildiz Ramazan , Eser Faki Hatice , Ider Merve , Cetin Gul , Uney Kamil 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin (4 mg/kg), administered both alone and in combination with tolfenamic acid (2 mg/kg) and flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg), was established after intravenous administration in sheep. Plasma levofloxacin concentrations were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography and analysed according to the two-compartment open model. Following the administration of levofloxacin alone, the mean distribution half-life, elimination half-life, total clearance, volume of distribution at steady state and area under the plasma concentration–time curve were 0.20 h, 1.82 h, 0.39 L/h/kg, 0.96 L/kg and 10.40 h × µg/mL, respectively. Tolfenamic acid and flunixin meglumine caused a slow elimination and increased plasma concentrations of levofloxacin in combination administration. Levofloxacin, with an alteration in the dosage regimen, can be used effectively with tolfenamic acid and flunixin meglumine for the therapy of infections and inflammatory conditions in sheep.
Contamination of the urban environment with excrements of companion animals as an underestimated source of Staphylococcus species posing a threat to public health
Authors: Trościańczyk Aleksandra , Nowakiewicz Aneta , Gnat Sebastian , Wójcik Magdalena , Wdowiak-Wróbel Sylwia , Kalita Michał 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the incidence, resistance, virulence, and genotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus spp. residing in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and cats, as a group of animals causing potential contamination of the urban space. A high percentage of strains resistant to penicillin (58%), oxacillin (9%) and tetracycline (60%) were found. All isolates resistant to penicillin, kanamycin, or chloramphenicol carried genes responsible for individual resistance (blaZ, aph(3′)-IIIa, and cat (pC194)/cat (pC223), respectively. The mecA gene was detected in 45% of the oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains. The amplification of DNA fragments surrounding rare restriction sites analysis demonstrated high heterogeneity of genotypic profiles correlating with phenotypic resistance profiles. Multilocus sequence typing analysis classified the methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius strains as ST71, ST890, and the totally new ST1047. The presence of a high level of resistance among Staphylococcus strains may suggest a potential risk of transfer of these bacteria between companion animals and humans.
The Devil in Latvian Charms and Related Genres
Authors: Lielbārdis Aigars 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn Latvian folklore, the Devil is a relatively common image, represented in all the genres. This paper analyses the verbal charms that mention the Devil or Thunder together with the motif of pursuing the Devil. The corpus of charms consists of texts taken from the first systematic collection of Latvian charms, published in 1881. Examples of charms are accompanied by a comparative analysis of folk legends and beliefs. There are correspondences in charms, legends and beliefs regarding the appearance and traits of the Devil as well as his activities and dwelling places. These genres also share the motif of pursuing the Devil. Texts from different genres complement each other by providing missing narrative fragments and aspects of meaning. In the legends and charms, black and red dominate in the Devil’s appearance, and the Devil can also appear in the form of animals. The Devil’s activities and presence are linked with the origins of evil and associated with a variety of diseases which, like the Devil himself, are overcome by similar techniques. These legends and beliefs help us understand the similarities expressed in the charms, deepen and expand the semantics of the images, and explain the associative links and anchoring of specific actions in the broader folklore material. The plot and length of texts in charms are determined by the specific style, structure, and function of this genre. Therefore, content is not expanded in detail; instead, only key figures or images, the foundation of the plot, and its most important elements are mentioned. The comparative material found in legends and beliefs provides more in-depth explanation of the concise messages expressed in the charms.
Albasty: A Female Demon of Turkic Peoples
Authors: Dallos Edina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlbasty is one of the most commonly known malevolent beings among Turkic peoples from the Altay Mountains via the Caucasus and up as far as the Volga River. This article focuses on Turkic data from the Volga region (Chuvash, Tartar, Bashkir) and the Eurasian Steppe (Kazak, Kyrgyz, Nogay, Uzbek). Various areas can be ascertained on the basis of verbal charms and folk-belief narratives. On the Eurasian Steppe, for example, Albasty was first and foremost a puerperal demon. In this territory, specialists (kuuču) were called in to keep away or oust the demon at birth. Many recorded legends and memorates concern healing methods and the process of becoming a healer. In contrast, epic texts or narratives are rarer,in the Volga region, yet there are certain verbal incantations against the Albasty, which here is rather a push or disease demon.
Child-threatening Mythical Creatures in Traditional Lithuanian Culture: Between Real and Constructed Threats of the Mythical World
Authors: Džekčioriūtė-Medeišienė Vita 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe article presents child-threatening mythical creatures, their expressions and functions in Lithuanian folklore. Threats of the mythical world can be divided into two groups: real and constructed threats. The ones of the first group, real threats, are perceived as threats to children by adults. Real threats arise from two types of representations of the mythical world: mythical creatures and mythologised persons. The second group, constructed threats, is the is the phenomenon in which adults use folklore narratives to evoke fear in children, but adults do not perceive those narratives as real threats. Three types of folklore genres were used to frighten children: fairy tales, folk legends, and short, frightening expressions. This article focuses on the latter. The research analyses Lithuanian customs, beliefs, and narratives from the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century.
Stories of Traditional Magical Healing as Belief Narratives: Between the Supernatural and Secular(ised) Experience1
Authors: Belić Smiljana Đorđević 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study analyses the distinctive features of stories of magical healing – thematic (meeting of the natural and supernatural as the core of the narrative), structural (stability of motifs, incorporation of other folklore genres – curses, blessings; didactic statements, cumulativity), and ideological (being based on a system of beliefs). In the genre system of folklore, stories of magical healing occupy a liminal space, right at the crossroads of two semantic fields, the demonologically coded and the secular(ised), as the connection with the supernatural is sometimes only latently present. On the one hand, they introduce mythologicaldemonological elements into the everyday, and on the other, they make abstract demonic content concrete by linking it to the plane of experience. Stories told by cunning folk about successful magical healing are an important factor in their social positioning and the verification of magical practice. The circulation of such stories within a community facilitates the creation of a picture of specific practitioners, the domain of their competences, and the effectiveness of the ritual acts. Viewed more broadly, it also creates ideas about the natural and the supernatural, the worldly and the otherworldly, eschatology, morality, and codes of conduct in the broadest sense, even when tradition is rationalised, subjected to doubt, or disagreed with.
Dilemmas of Corpus Construction beyond Folklore Collections: Threat as a Speech Act in Early Modern Witchcraft Trials
Authors: Ilyefalvi Emese 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring the corpus-building operation of the Digital Database of Hungarian Verbal Charms we tried to augment the available material by the inclusion of witness statements of witch trials conducted in early modern Bihar County and the town of Debrecen. My paper explores the kinds of dilemmas and issues we were faced with concentrating especially on generic questions of verbal charms. As regards the exploration of early modern written sources of vernacular language use the most relevant recent approaches came from historical speech act research. Therefore, in the context of the corpus building project I shall also discuss to which extends the results of historical pragmatics, historical speech act research can offer any help (and if so, what kind of help) in solving the generic problems and questions of verbal magic.1
Iranian Belief Narratives and Verbal Charms. A Preliminary Survey
Authors: Takeshita Kinga Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe role of charms in Iranian belief narratives remains largely unexplored. Hereby, I attempt a preliminary survey. First, I examine the text of the Iranian national epic, the Shahname of Ferdowsi (X–XI century A.D.), in which the word afsun denotes charm or magic spell. In contemporary folktale texts (I mainly rely on the voluminous Dictionary of Iranian Folktales), an Arabic loan-word verd (which also means a kind of prayer) is used to mean a charm which facilitates supernatural results such as shape-shifting, transformation or miraculous healing. Ritual prayer (namaz) and supplication (do’a) also function as charms in folk narratives. I also give a brief overview of the Iranian folklore scholarship.