bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensity-enhanced deep network wavefront reconstruction in Shack–Hartmann sensors
Authors: DuBose Theodore B. , Gardner Dennis F. , Watnik Abbie T. 
Published: February 2020

The Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SH-WFS) is known to produce incorrect measurements of the wavefront gradient in the presence of non-uniform illumination. Moreover, the most common least-squares phase reconstructors cannot accurately reconstruct the wavefront in the presence of branch points. We therefore developed the intensity/slopes network (ISNet), a deep convolutional-neural-network-based reconstructor that uses both the wavefront gradient information and the intensity of the SH-WFS’s subapertures to provide better wavefront reconstruction. We trained the network on simulated data with multiple levels of turbulence and compared the performance of our reconstructor to several other reconstruction techniques. ISNet produced the lowest wavefront error of the reconstructors we evaluated and operated at a speed suitable for real-time applications, enabling the use of the SH-WFS in stronger turbulence than was previously possible.
LGS electro-optically Q-switched Er,Pr:YAP crystal laser operated at 2.7 µm
Authors: Quan Cong , Sun Dunlu , Luo Jianqiao , Zhang Huili , Zhao Xuyao , Hu Lunzhen , Han Zhiyuan , Dong Kunpeng , Cheng Maojie 
Published: February 2020

We demonstrate an optimized 2.7 µm Er,Pr:YAP laser in both free-running and Q-switched modes. In free running mode, a maximum energy of 346 mJ is obtained with repetition frequency of 5 Hz. In Q-switched mode, a giant pulse with 63.4 mJ energy and 40 ns pulse width is realized at 5 Hz, which corresponds to an energy extraction efficiency of 47% and a peak power of 1.59 MW. Additionally, the M2 factor and laser spectrum are also measured in two modes. These results indicate that the LGS Q-switched 2.7 µm Er,Pr:YAP laser is a promising candidate for the mid-infrared pulse laser device.
In the Presence of Other Bodies: Ear-Opening Internal Sound in Nicolas Philibert’s In the Land of the Deaf
Authors: McGregor Brynne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Silence: for hearing individuals, it is difficult to find and even more difficult to imagine. Even in situations devoid of human speech, sound is unavoidable. Relative silence is often found in rooms with creaks in the floors or trains in the distance. One of the last places someone might look for silence is in film, and since the late 1920s this would be logical. There are rare moments in cinema where music and dialogue are completely absent; both storytelling tools are so readily used. In French documentarian Nicolas Philibert’s In the Land of the Deaf (1992), silence is loud. As Philibert captures insightful interviews and slice-of-life moments, dialogue is refused as the principal storytelling instrument. In a suitable anomaly, the culture of deaf persons is filmed and edited with sonic consciousness.
The Grand Bizarre and Hoarders Without Boarders 1.0 at The Wexner Center for the Arts
Authors: Dunn Austin Graham 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The Grand Bizarre (2018)
USA
Director Jodie Mack Runtime 61 minutes

Hoarders Without Borders 1.0 (2018)
USA
Director Jodie Mack Runtime 4 minutes and 45 seconds
The Challenges of Assurance on Non-financial Reporting
Authors: Sonnerfeldt Amanda Ling Li , Pontoppidan Caroline Aggestam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to enhance our understanding of the notions and conceptual foundations of assurance in the standard setting arena. This will facilitate an informed discussion of the challenges and the role of assurance within an increasingly complex and fragmented corporate reporting regulatory landscape. The study draws on relevant literature on sustainability assurance and an analysis of how the assurance concept has been framed by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) through the construction of standards. The analysis highlights that the fragility of the conceptual foundations of assurance, broad-based nature of standards and diversity in practice contribute to the persistent challenges of sustainability assurance. This paper makes an important contribution to the discussions and contemporary debates on the regulation of and through assurance as well as the complex newer concept of integrated assurance. It further contributes to a more informed policy discussion as to how it can(not) strengthen the role of non-financial reporting as an agent of change to encourage more sustainable companies.
El modelo económico y su influencia en el desarrollo sustentable de cinco municipios de Guanajuato
Authors: Flores Casamayor Horacio , Morales Martínez Jorge Luis , Tagle Zamora Daniel , Delgado Galván Xitlali V. 
Published: February 2020

El actual modelo de desarrollo económico en el Bajío guanajuatense, basado en la producción industrial y manufacturera, fue implementado por el gobierno estatal buscando hacer más eficiente el uso de sus recursos bióticos y abióticos para obtener productos de mayor valor agregado respecto a los agropecuarios. Sin embargo, los supuestos beneficios de esta política generan serias dudas en muchos especialistas respecto a su viabilidad. Por lo tanto, este trabajo busca determinar cómo ha impactado esta industrialización en diferentes parámetros ambientales, sociales, económicos e hidrológicos en los municipios de Celaya, Irapuato, León, Salamanca y Silao a través de un estudio de sus datos históricos para observar su comportamiento en el tiempo, con la intención de determinar las posibles mejoras y desbalances ocasionados en ellos. Los resultados mostraron los diferentes niveles de deterioro que presentan los municipios en muchos parámetros, especialmente los hídricos, concluyendo en la necesidad de replantear este modelo de desarrollo.
Los resultados mostraron la necesidad de replantear el actual modelo de desarrollo económico en vista del deterioro ambiental, social, económico e hidrológico que presentan los municipios y las nulas mejoras en la gestión del agua.
Mechanism of Variation in High-Temperature Grain Stability of Aluminum in Dissimilar Friction Stir Welds
Authors: Kar Amlan , Kailas Satish V. , Suwas Satyam 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the dissimilar Friction Stir Welding (FSW) of aluminum to titanium, a large fraction of titanium particles is inhomogeneously distributed in the weld nugget and their distribution is highly complex. Such a distribution can have an immense influence on the grain stability of the weld nugget, which decides its mechanical properties at the high temperatures experienced in critical applications. The present investigation highlights the variation in grain structure at the top surface and center of the weld nugget. The results show that the microstructure at the surface of the weld contains a higher fraction of fine titanium particles, refined grains of aluminum and high-angle grain boundaries, and a lower intensity of shear texture components when compared to the center of the weld nugget. The variation in the grain stability of the weld was correlated with the qualitative variation in the strain rate and temperature in the weld. It is proposed that the formation and distribution of a high fraction of fine titanium particles results in superior grain stability of aluminum at the surface of the weld due to arrest of the grain boundary mobility against grain growth. This mechanism and methodology can be applied in developing metal matrix composites with superior mechanical properties as well.
Peculiarities of Microstructure Evolution and Property Changes of Titanium Alloys In Situ during Electric Forging
Authors: Kommel Lembit 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The experimental studies of the parameters of hot electric forging were carried out on industrial heat resistance (α + β), (near-α), and (α″ + β) titanium alloys. It was established that simultaneous fast Joule heating with a high-density electric current and an initial temperature of hot intense plastic deformation are important parameters for the electric forging of heat resistance titanium alloys. The heating rate dependence on electric current density and thermophysical properties of metal, as well as deformation temperature dependence on axial compression stress and mechanical strength of heated metal under compression as the main parameters of electric forging, were chosen. To calculate the processing parameters, we investigated the evolution of the thermophysical properties and mechanical strength of selected titanium alloys at a heating rate of 50°C·s−1 at a temperature up to 1,200°C. Microstructural evolution and the phase transformation temperature were determined using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The results show that the grinding efficiency of the coarse-grained microstructure depends on the increase of the heating rate, and the formation of uniaxial ultrafine alpha-phase grains depends on an increase of the compressive stress or decrease in the deformation temperature. It can be argued that the compressor blades made of titanium alloys for aircraft turbojet engines had increased ductility, stability, and high-cyclic fatigue strength, as well as increased operating life at ambient temperatures. The results can be used to model and calculate the rational parameters of electric forging to improve the operational properties of the final products.
Parkinsonian Beta Dynamics during Rest and Movement in the Dorsal Pallidum and Subthalamic Nucleus
Authors: Eisinger Robert S. , Cagle Jackson N. , Opri Enrico , Alcantara Jose , Cernera Stephanie , Foote Kelly D. , Okun Michael S. , Gunduz Aysegul 
Published: February 2020

In Parkinson's disease (PD), pathologically high levels of beta activity (12–30 Hz) reflect specific symptomatology and normalize with pharmacological or surgical intervention. Although beta characterization in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of PD patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) has now been translated into adaptive DBS paradigms, a limited number of studies have characterized beta power in the globus pallidus internus (GPi), an equally effective DBS target. Our objective was to compare beta power in the STN and GPi during rest and movement in people with PD undergoing DBS. Thirty-seven human female and male participants completed a simple behavioral experiment consisting of periods of rest and button presses, leading to local field potential recordings from 19 (15 participants) STN and 26 (22 participants) GPi nuclei. We examined overall beta power as well as beta time-domain dynamics (i.e., beta bursts). We found higher beta power during rest and movement in the GPi, which also had more beta desynchronization during movement. Beta power was positively associated with bradykinesia and rigidity severity; however, these clinical associations were present only in the GPi cohort. With regards to beta dynamics, bursts were similar in duration and frequency in the GPi and STN, but GPi bursts were stronger and correlated to bradykinesia-rigidity severity. Beta dynamics therefore differ across basal ganglia nuclei. Relative to the STN, beta power in the GPi may be readily detected, modulates more with movement, and relates more to clinical impairment. Together, this could point to the GPi as a potentially effective target for beta-based adaptive DBS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is known that subthalamic nucleus (STN) beta activity is linked to symptom severity in Parkinson's disease (PD), but few studies have characterized beta activity in the globus pallidus internus (GPi), another effective target for deep brain stimulation (DBS). We compared beta power in the STN and GPi during rest and movement in 37 people with PD undergoing DBS. We found that beta dynamics differed across basal ganglia nuclei. Our results show that, relative to the STN, beta power in the GPi may be readily detected, modulates more with movement, and relates more to clinical impairment. Together, this could point to the GPi as a potentially effective target for beta-based adaptive DBS.
Metodología de tratamiento de remediación de pasivos ambientales mineros de Cerro El Toro de Huamachuco para el desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Flores Silvana , Nuñez Pablo , Zegarra Edison , Flores Janet 
Published: February 2020

El estudio propone la implementación de una tecnología Limpia para tratar los Pasivos Ambientales Mineros (PAMs) de las relaveras de todas las regiones del país, basándose en el estudio de la relavera de Cerro El Toro del distrito de Huamachuco, Provincia de Sánchez Carrión, Departamento de La Libertad, la cual contamina a las comunidades de Shiracmaca y Coigobamba. Es por ello, que el estudio tiene como objeto del estudio, brindar una metodología basada en el método de remediación de tratamiento integral-MRTI-SLFCH, que implemento el tratamiento integral de detoxificación de contaminantes en relaves metalúrgicos, involucrando el desarrollo de metodologías de las técnicas de flotación y de la concentración gravimétrica que se caracterizan por el empleo de agentes remediantes.
El objetivo es lograr la máxima recuperación de los metales pesados tales como: bario, cadmio, mercurio y plomo regulados por el Estándar de Calidad Ambiental del Suelo-ECA SUELO (MINAM, 2013), que logra convertir los relaves remediados en agregados de construcción para fabricar los ladrillos ecotecnológicos. Cabe resaltar, que el estudio fue financiado por el programa Innóvate Perú, y el co-financiamiento de la empresa Green Metallurgy Technologies S.R.L.
Composite Indicators as an Additional Measure for the Assessment of the Lithuanian Economy
Authors: Rukšėnaitė Jurga 
Published: February 2020

In this research, a hypothesis about an addi­tional measure that could be used as an additional tool for the analysis and assessment of economic trends in Lithuania is put forward. This additional measure has been constructed as a composite indica­tor, involving social and economic fields. Moreover, the paper presents business cycles, evaluated using the Hodrick–Prescott filter.
For many frequently purchased products, how­ever, it is unlikely that consumers actively process information about many brands on many attributes before making a choice. Rather, their behaviour is likely to be relatively routinized. Hence, these models are useful for explaining preference formation and indicating the most likely long-run equilibrium posi­tions, but are not necessarily good models for repeti­tive decision-making.
Application of Multidimensional Analysis to the Activity of Credit Unions
Authors: Kėdaitis Vytautas , Žilinskas Evaldas 
Published: February 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to develop models that would name risky credit unions, in other words, credit unions, which are most likely at risk of bankruptcy.The work consists of two main parts: the analysis of literature and the research, and its results and conclusions.When the survey of the literature was carried out, the authors made financial indicator sets which were used for classification of the credit unions into the risk groups. Bankruptcy cases in Lithuania were insufficient so the authors suggested two ways to measure credit unions’ riskiness. Based on good classification results of the surveyed researchers the authors have chosen decision trees and artificial neural network methods to solve a classification problem. Decision trees were formed using CART, CHAID and exhaustive CHAID analysis. With these methods applied, some research was carried out using distinct financial indicator sets and different credit union classification in risk groups. The performed research revealed that the most significant financial indicators classifying risky credit unions were net profit and share capital ratio, capital and asset ratio, income and capital ratio, also share capital and asset ratio, net profit and average asset ratio, loans and capital ratio. The best classification accuracy was achieved by using artificial neural networks. With different classification of credit union riskiness, the most important financial indicator was interest paid on deposits and average market interest rate ratio. The best classification accuracy was achieved by decision tree made by CARTanalysis.The authors believe that the results of the study could provide credit union members (or potential members) with useful guidelines regarding credit unions which they should avoid and which not. Moreover, this information could be useful for supervisors.
The Ukrainian Economy Tendencies in the Context of the Global Crisis (Study on the Basis of Business Tendency Surveys)
Authors: Pugachova Maryna 
Published: February 2020

This article discusses the possibilities to study the economy in times of crisis and its post-crisis performance by use of selected indicators from the Business Tendency Survey. Unlike conventional statistical indicators, these indicators can give quick information about the opinions, judgments and expectations of enterprise managers concerning their company's performance, which allows the drawing of conclusions about business operation by economic activity, sector and the whole economy. The analysis is made by use of several indicators from Ukrainian surveys: change in the competition; production capacities utilization and wear; factors limiting enterprises’ development. The analysis is made by economic sector: industry, construction and transport.
Asymptotic Properties of Parameter Estimators in Fractional Vasicek Model
Authors: Lohvinenko Stanislav , Ralchenko Kostiantyn , Zhuchenko Olga 
Published: February 2020

We consider the fractional Vasicek model of the form dXt = (α-βXt)dt + γdBHt, driven by fractional Brownian motion BH with Hurst parameter H ∈ (0,1). We construct three estimators for an unknown parameter θ=(α,β) and prove their strong consistency.
Seroprevalence and some demographic factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection among female population in Duhok province, Iraq
Authors: Salih Janan Mohammed , Salih Mero Wijdan Mohammed , Eassa Souzan Hussein 
Published: February 2020

Background: The causative agent of toxoplasmosis is Toxoplasma gondii which is an intracellular protozoan. It has an important role in abortion and congenital diseases in pregnant women, which lead to infant's defectiveness birth when pregnant, are exposed during pregnancy. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent and most successful parasitic infectious disease worldwide, due to its efficient transmission through the ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked and infected meat, or the ingestion of oocysts in contaminated vegetables and water. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence rate of anti-Toxoplasma gondii Abs and their relation to some demographic factors among females, in Duhok province/ Kurdistan Region/ Iraq.Methods: During the period from October 2016 to November 2017, a total of 792 random blood samples were collected from the female population of different ages (16-55) years and various socioeconomic classes, who attended Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Azadi teaching hospital and Central Public Health Laboratory/ Duhok.Results: Out of 792 samples examined, 288 (36.3%) were seropositive from which 282 (35.61%) were found seropositive for IgG, while only six samples (0.76%) were seropositive for IgM. Regarding to occupation, the highest rate for chronic toxoplasmosis was reported in housewives followed by employed and students at rates of 40.19%, 22.3%, and 14.0%, respectively. These outcomes were statistically significant (p<0.05). The age group 36-45 years showed the highest seropositive rate for both IgG and IgM Abs which were 41.02% and 1.28%, respectively, which was statistically non-significant. The higher rate of seropositivity was observed among married females 39.93%, and pregnant 41.9% versus non-pregnant 33.3%. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) among married while non-significant in pregnant. Concerning to blood groups, the highest rate of seropositivity was reported among females with blood group AB+ which was 60% followed by group O- which was 46.7 %. This difference was statistically non-significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: This study showed the importance of demographic factors to the epidemiology of T. gondii in females, which support the role of public health in the control of infectious diseases.
Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy: its role in the management of adrenal tumour and tertiary care centre experience
Authors: Singh Thakur Avinash Pratap , Venugopal G. , S. Darsan 
Published: February 2020

Background: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumour has gained increased popularity worldwide. To decrease the complications of commonly used transperitoneal approach, by not entering into peritoneal cavity the retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (RLA) has developed. It has several advantages over the transperitoneal approach and associated with reduced morbidity and excellent outcome. The objective of this study was to report our experience with RLA for treatment of adrenal tumour.Methods: The study was done from August 2014 and December 2017, data of 44 patients who underwent RLA for adrenal tumour in the institute were retrospectively reviewed. Patient’s demographical, clinical, diagnostic and procedural data were recorded. All patients were assessed by history, physical examinations, laboratory values with biochemical marker test and imaging by computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment outcome was assessed in terms of operative time, haemoglobin drop, conversion rate, hospital stay and complications.Results: In 44 adrenalectomy, 24 men and 20 women, with a mean age of 47.0±8.9 years were enrolled. Mean body mass index was 23.5±2.2 kg/m2. Right adrenal tumour was seen in 26 cases and left in 18 cases. Mean adrenal mass size was 2.6±0.85 cm. Mean operative time was 109.1±21.16 minutes, mean haemoglobin drop was 0.47±0.26 gram/L. Conversion to open surgery was necessary in 2 patients. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.0±0.91 days. Recovery time mean value was 12.18±1.7 days postoperatively. In final histopathology result adenoma was most prevalent (25 cases) and myelolipoma was least (1 case). Conclusions: RLA appears to be safe and effective alternative to transperitoneal adrenalectomy for moderate size adrenal tumour in particular less than 6 cm. It is associated with less blood loss, shorter hospitalization, low conversion rate, fewer complications and early recovery. RLA offers an alternative method for treating adrenal tumour with improved surgical outcomes.