bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic functional clot formation in patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: Froessler Bernd , Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Leonardo , Aboustate Natalie , Ovenden Amanda , Singh Rajvinder 
Published: February 2020

Background and AimElectric burns can induce fibrinolytic activity. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a minimally invasive technique utilizing electrocautery for resection of dysplastic lesions from the gastrointestinal tract. EMR's main complication is clinically significant postendoscopic bleeding. Currently, no studies have investigated the impact of electrocautery during EMR on the coagulation cascade by viscoelastic hemostatic assay.MethodsThrombelastometry was performed and plasminogen levels were measured on blood samples taken prior to EMR, within an hour following the procedure and 2 days post‐EMR. Data were natural log‐transformed and analyzed using repeated‐measure analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) accounting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and site of EMR.ResultsPlasminogen levels decreased post‐EMR (P = 0.001) and then increased 2 days post‐EMR (P < 0.018). FIBTEM A10 and Maximum Clot Firmness, and EXTEM maximum lysis decreased an hour following EMR (P < 0.05 for all). These three measurements then increased 2 days post‐EMR (P < 0.01 for all). There were no significant differences in thrombelastometry or plasminogen measures according to sex, age, BMI, or site of EMR. One patient experienced clinically significant postendoscopic bleeding at one‐week post‐EMR, with substantially decreased FIBTEM A10 and Maximum Clot Firmness at 2 days post‐EMR.ConclusionsDecreased post‐EMR plasminogen corresponds with reduced clot firmness and enhanced lysis affecting clot quality, strength, and stability. While further investigation in a larger sample is required to confirm the overall risk of clinically significant postendoscopic bleeding and mechanisms for plasminogen activation; this study highlights the potential utility of thrombelastometry in assessing fibrinolytic activity during EMR.
A new method for improving the performance of weather generators in reproducing low‐frequency variability and in downscaling
Authors: Khazaei Mohammad Reza , Zahabiyoun Bagher , Hasirchian Mehraveh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWeather generators (WGs) are models fitted to a series of observed weather data in order to generate long synthetic series of these data, which is important for risk assessment. WGs are also among the main downscaling tools for climate change impact assessments. Despite their many capabilities, WGs cannot properly reproduce low‐frequency variability (LFV). Moreover, when using WGs for the downscaling of future climate scenarios, a change in rainfall occurrence will have unintended effects on secondary variables such as minimum temperature (Tmin) and maximum temperature (Tmax). This paper presents an approach based on the Quantile Perturbation Method for correcting the LFV of rainfall outputs pertaining to WGs by perturbing the monthly means of the daily generated series. A multivariate monthly generator was used to improve LFV in Tmin and Tmax. An advantage of the proposed method is the preservation of the correlation between daily and monthly timescales as well as the cross‐correlation between variables during the LFV correction. This method further reduces the unintended effects of changes in rainfall occurrence on the secondary variables during downscaling. After applying the method to the LARS‐WG model, the performance of the modified model was tested both directly and indirectly. Concerning the direct validation, the statistical characteristics of the simulated and observed weather data related to the four stations were compared over a diverse range of climatic conditions. Regarding the indirect validation, a comparison was made between the statistical characteristics of the runoffs simulated with a daily hydrologic model fed with the generated and observed weather data. The results showed that the method improved the performance of LARS‐WG regarding the reproduction of some of the observed weather characteristics, particularly LFV. The method was also shown to be well capable of reducing the unintended effects of the changes in rainfall occurrence on secondary variables during downscaling.
Biochemical control of Alternaria tenuissima infecting post‐harvest fig fruit by chickpea vicilin
Authors: Abbas Entsar , Osman Ali , Sitohy Mahmoud 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlternaria tenuissima was isolated from infected fig fruit and molecularly identified by rRNA gene sequencing. The objective of the current work was to test the inhibitory effect of vicilin as a glycoprotein, isolated from chickpea, against the fungus A. tenuissima, isolated from fig fruit, in vitro and in situ, to estimate its potential action in controlling the growth of A. tenuissima in postharvest fig fruit.RESULTSChickpea vicilin is a glycoprotein composed of three subunits of 135, 210, and 230 kDa. The linear growth of A. tenuissima on the solid agar medium and in liquid media (at 25 °C) was markedly reduced by 44%, 66%, 77%, and 83% and 20%, 24%, 42%, and 62%, respectively in response to vicilin applications of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g L−1. Chickpea vicilin (at 0.4 g L−1) totally prevented fungal conidia germination during 24 h of incubation at 25 °C. Electron microscope scanning of A. tenuissima subjected to chickpea vicilin showed hyphae swelling and conidia deformation. Treating post‐harvest fig fruit, artificially infected with A. tenuissima, with chickpea vicilin (0.1–0.4 g L−1) restricted the disease severity to 15% against 55% in the positive control after 7 days storage.CONCLUSIONVicilin can be considered a potent antifungal agent that can be used in preserving fig fruit for 7–14 days with minimum disease severity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Variations in polyamine conjugates in maize (Zea mays L.) seeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1: a dose–response relationship
Authors: Bartolić Dragana , Maksimović Vuk , Maksimović Jelena D , Stanković Mira , Krstović Saša , Baošić Rada , Radotić Ksenija 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCereal seeds, such as maize seeds, are frequently contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most dangerous naturally occurring carcinogens. In plants, phenolamides are involved in biotic stress response. The data on variations of phenolamides in AFB1‐containing seeds are limited.RESULTSFive polyamine conjugates, including two spermidine and three putrescine conjugates, were tentatively identified in methanolic extracts, using HPLC‐DAD‐MS. The ratio of putrescine to spermidine conjugates changed with increasing AFB1 concentration in a logistic dose–response manner, with a ratio of below 1 up to a concentration of 51.51 μg kg−1, and approximately 2.54 and 3 at higher concentrations of 177.4 and 308.13 μg kg−1, respectively. The observed variations of the total antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content may support this biphasic behaviour of the seeds against AFB1 stress.CONCLUSIONSThe obtained data are a contribution to the understanding of the roles of polyamine conjugates in seed defence to increasing AFB1 concentrations. According to our knowledge, this study reports for the first time the biphasic response of maize seeds to increasing AFB1 contamination level, comprising the induction of polyamine conjugate accumulation and variation in the ratio of conjugates. This dose–response relationship may provide useful information in the field of agricultural and food chemistry as an indicator of AFB1 contamination level and, hence, for selecting an appropriate seed quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A New and Faster Method to Assess Vestibular Compensation: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Guajardo‐Vergara Carlos , Perez‐Fernandez Nicolas 
Published: February 2020

Objectives/HypothesisCharacterize the state of vestibular compensation of subjects diagnosed with acute unilateral vestibulopathy (AUV) of peripheral origin according to the temporal organization pattern of the refixation saccades (Perez and Rey (PR) score).Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study using previously collected clinical data from a tertiary referral center.MethodsFollowing the vestibular compensation criteria defined by Eisenman, we used the video head impulse test as the main vestibular function test and compared the results with other traditional tests: rotatory chair test (ROT), caloric test, videonystagmography, clinical situation (CLIN), and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaire from 28 subjects (17 men, 11 women), average age 60.21 years, who were in a compensated and noncompensated vestibular situation. We used the PR score to measure the differences between the study groups. A cluster was developed to define a cutoff point that objectively distinguishes the vestibular compensation status.ResultsSignificant differences in the PR score were found in the state of vestibular compensation in the ROT test (P = .01), DHI (P = .04), and CLIN (P = .023). The vestibular compensation criteria that groups the original variables (PR‐CLUSTER) cutoff point was 55 (P = .019).ConclusionsThe PR score is a measure of temporal organization of the refixation saccades that enables us to distinguish clearly and objectively the vestibular situation of subjects with AUV. We suggest its clinical application.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2020
Limited diagnostic possibilities for bloodstream infections with broad‐range methods: A promising PCR/electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry platform is no longer available
Authors: Tkadlec Jan , Bebrova Eliska , Berousek Jan , Vymazal Tomas , Adamkova Jaroslava , Martinkova Vendula , Moser Claus , Florea Dragos , Drevinek Pavel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFast and accurate detection of causative agents of bloodstream infections remains a challenge of today's microbiology. We compared the performance of cutting‐edge technology based on polymerase chain reaction coupled with electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI‐MS) with that of conventional broad‐range 16S rRNA PCR and blood culture to address the current diagnostic possibilities for bloodstream infections. Of 160 blood samples tested, PCR/ESI‐MS revealed clinically meaningful microbiological agents in 47 samples that were missed by conventional diagnostic approaches (29.4% of all analyzed samples). Notably, PCR/ESI‐MS shortened the time to positivity of the blood culture‐positive samples by an average of 34 hr. PCR/ESI‐MS technology substantially improved current diagnostic tools and represented an opportunity to make bloodstream infections diagnostics sensitive, accurate, and timely with a broad spectrum of microorganisms covered.
Compact 4‐bit GaAs Ku‐band core chips for phased arrays
Authors: Kim Dong‐Seok , Yeom Kyung‐Whan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this letter, we present an Rx core chip and a Tx core chip for Ku‐band phased arrays, which are designed and fabricated using the commercial 0.25‐μm GaAs pHEMT foundry service. Each of the Rx core chip and the Tx core chip has a 4‐bit phase shifter driven by an on‐chip serial‐to‐parallel (SPC) converter. The on‐chip SPC provides the serial interface with an external controller. The Rx core chip shows a gain >10 dB, a noise figure less than 2 dB at a frequency range of 10.7 to 12.75 GHz and for all phase states of the 4‐bit Rx phase shifter. The Tx core chip shows a gain >10 dB, an output P1dB of about 13 dBm at a frequency range of 13.5 to 15.5 GHz and for all phase states of the 4‐bit Tx phase shifter. The Rx core chip and the Tx core chip have the same size of 1.75 × 1.75 mm2, which we believe the state of the art size among the presented GaAs core chips.
Modeling and analysis of contact failure in the time and frequency domains
Authors: Li Qingya , Gao Jinchun , Zhou Yuqi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, theoretical modeling and simulations are introduced to explore the contact failure characteristics for connectors both in time and frequency domains. The equivalent models are developed to describe the impedance performances of un‐degraded and degraded connectors with the time domain and frequency domain, respectively. The experiments using a Network Analyzer for time and frequency domains analyses are conducted to verify the proposed models. The measured results agree well with the simulation results in the time and frequency domains.
Characterization of microMOSFET detectors for in vivo dosimetry in high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy with 192Ir
Authors: Ruiz‐Arrebola Samuel , Fabregat‐Borrás Rosa , Rodríguez Eduardo , Fernández‐Montes Manuel , Pérez‐Macho Mercedes , Ferri María , García Ana , Cardenal Juan , Pacheco María T. , Anchuelo Javier , Tornero‐López Ana M. , Prada Pedro J , Guirado Damián 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe objective of this study was to characterize the Best Medical Canada microMOSFET detectors for their application in in vivo dosimetry for high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) with 192Ir. We also developed a mathematical model to correct dependencies under the measurement conditions of these detectors.MethodsWe analyzed the linearity, reproducibility, and interdetector variability and studied the microMOSFET response dependence on temperature, source‐detector distance, and angular orientation of the receptor with respect to the source. The correction model was applied to 19 measurements corresponding to five simulated treatments in a custom phantom specifically designed for this purpose.ResultsThe detectors (high bias applied in all measurements) showed excellent linearity up to 160 Gy. The response dependence on source‐detector distance varied by (8.65 ± 0.06)% (k = 1) for distances between 1 and 7 cm, and the variation with temperature was (2.24 ± 0.05)% (k = 1) between 294 and 310 K. The response difference due to angular dependence can reach (10.3 ± 1.3)% (k = 1). For the set of measurements analyzed, regarding angular dependences, the mean difference between administered and measured doses was −4.17% (standard deviation of 3.4%); after application of the proposed correction model, the mean difference was −0.1% (standard deviation of 2.2%). For the treatments analyzed, the average difference between calculations and measures was 4.7% when only the calibration coefficient was used, but it is reduced to 0.9% when the correction model is applied.ConclusionImportant response dependencies of microMOSFET detectors used for in vivo dosimetry in HDRBT treatments, especially the angular dependence, can be adequately characterized by a correction model that increases the accuracy of this system in clinical applications.
Is coexistent overactive–underactive bladder (with or without detrusor overactivity and underactivity) a real clinical syndrome? ICI‐RS 2019
Authors: Mancini Vito , Tarcan Tufan , Serati Maurizio , Wyndaele Michel , Carrieri Giuseppe , Abrams Paul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) can be classified into symptom syndromes based on which symptoms are predominant. Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, a storage dysfunction, and underactive bladder (UAB) syndrome, a voiding dysfunction, are common syndromes, which urodynamic tests may show to be caused by detrusor overactivity (DO) and detrusor underactivity (DU), but can also be associated with other urethro‐vesical dysfunctions. Sometimes OAB and UAB can coexist in the same patient and, if so, need a specific approach beyond treatment of the single and apparently opposing syndromes.MethodsDuring its 2019 meeting in Bristol, the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society held a literature review and expert consensus discussion focused on the emerging awareness of the coexisting overactive–underactive bladder (COUB).ResultsThe consensus considered whether COUB is the combination of OAB and UAB syndromes, or a real unique clinical syndrome in the same patient, possibly with a common etiology. Definitions, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment were discussed, and high‐priority research questions were identified.ConclusionsCOUB (with or without urodynamic evidence of DO and DU) may be considered a real clinical syndrome, because it differs from single OAB and UAB, and may not be the combination of both syndromes. Urodynamic tests may be necessary in unclear cases or in cases not responding to initial treatment of the most troublesome symptoms. It is pivotal to define the evolution of the syndrome and the characteristic population, and to recognize predictive or phenotyping factors to develop a specific approach and adequate outcome measures.
Increased Visceral Adipose Tissue Without Weight Retention at 59 Weeks Postpartum
Authors: Janumala Isaiah , Toro‐Ramos Tatiana , Widen Elizabeth , Rosenn Barak , Crane Janet , Horowitz Michelle , Lin Susan , Gidwani Sonia , Paley Charles , Thornton John C. , Pi‐Sunyer F. Xavier , Gallagher Dympna 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether controlling maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) influences adipose tissue distribution at 1 year postpartum.MethodsWomen with overweight or obesity (n = 210, BMI ≥ 25 or ≥ 30) were randomized to a lifestyle intervention (LI) designed to control GWG or to usual obstetrical care (UC). Measures included anthropometry, whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging for visceral (VAT), intermuscular, and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and cardiometabolic risk factors in pregnancy (15 and 35 weeks) and after delivery (15 and 59 weeks).ResultsBaseline (15 weeks) characteristics were similar (mean [SD]: age, 33.8 [4.3] years; weight, 81.9 [13.7] kg; BMI, 30.4 [4.5]; gestational age at randomization, 14.9 [0.8] weeks). LI had less GWG (1.79 kg; P = 0.003) and subcutaneous adipose tissue gain at 35 weeks gestation (P < 0.01). UC postpartum weight (2.92 kg) was higher at 15 weeks but not different from baseline or LI at 59 weeks postpartum. Postpartum VAT increased from baseline in LI by 0.23 kg at 15 weeks and 0.55 kg at 59 weeks; in UC, it increased by 0.34 kg at 15 and 59 weeks. Intermuscular adipose tissue remained elevated in LI (0.22 kg) at 59 weeks. VAT was associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors at 59 weeks.ConclusionsDespite no weight retention at 59 weeks postpartum, women had increased VAT by ~30%. Postpartum modifiable behaviors are warranted to lower the risk of VAT retention.
Convergence science in the Anthropocene: Navigating the known and unknown
Authors: Angeler David G. , Allen Craig R. , Carnaval Ana 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Rapidly changing ecological and social systems currently pose significant societal challenges. Navigating the complexity of social‐ecological change requires approaches able to cope with, and potentially solve, both foreseen and unforeseen societal challenges.

The emergent field of convergence addresses the intricacies of such challenges, and is thus relevant to a broad range of interdisciplinary issues.

This paper suggests a way to conceptualize convergence research. It discusses how it relates to two major societal challenges (adaptation, transformation), and to the generation of policy‐relevant science. It also points out limitations to the further development of convergence research.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Influence of the effect of different electrolytes on the interaction of promethazine hydrochloride drug with tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide at different temperatures
Authors: Amin Md. Ruhul , Alissa Siham A. , Molla Mohammad Robel , Rub Malik Abdul , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Hoque Md. Anamul , Kabir Shariff E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInvestigation of the interaction of promethazine hydrochloride (PMH) with tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) in attendance/nonattendance of different electrolytes (KCl and K2SO4) has been conducted by conductivity technique at different temperatures with an interval of 5.0 K. In this work, a single critical micelle concentration (CMC) was observed for the PMH + TTAB mixed system with/without electrolytes. In the occurrence of the drug (PMH), the values of CMC for surfactant (TTAB) are lower in magnitude in comparison with TTAB in water. In attendance of various electrolytes (KCl and K2SO4), the obtained CMC values for TTAB + PMH mixtures were lower in magnitude compared with their nonattendance. It indicates the favorable micellization of TTAB + PMH mixture, and the presence of electrolytes supported the earlier micellization. The obtained values of ΔG0m are negative, which indicates the spontaneous aggregation process. Different other physicochemical parameters like enthalpy change (ΔH0m), entropy change (ΔS0m), transfer energy (ΔG0m.tr), transfer enthalpy (ΔH0m.tr), and transfer entropy (ΔS0m.tr) were also calculated as well as explained thoroughly. The molar heat capacity (ΔC0m), the compensation temperature (Tc), and the intrinsic enthalpy gain (ΔH0*m) were also evaluated as well as explained.
The Boundaries of KKLT
Authors: Randall Lisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe consider the conundrum of generating de Sitter space from higher‐dimensional geometry, with particular attention to KKLT‐type constructions[3] and their 5d implications. We show that even in the probe approximation with small , a consistent higher‐dimensional solution requires a deformation of a modulus field playing the role of a Goldberger‐Wise stabilizing field in Randall‐Sundrum type geometries that occurs through a shift in a the throat length. We identify the light radion field that sets the length of the throat, whose origin is the dynamical conifold deformation parameter. By analyzing the theory as a 5d model of mismatched branes in AdS5 space with a GW stabilization mechanism, we show how energy (and supersymmetry breaking) is transferred to both the IR and UV regions of the throat to generate a consistent 4d de Sitter sliced geometry. This should help resolve some of the recent apparent paradoxes in explicit higher‐dimensional constructions. Moreover, the radion gives insight into the potential for the previously identified “conifold instability”. We argue that this instability would be a destabilization of the potential for the radion in KKLT, which can occur when the perturbation is too large. If indeed is too small, the radion would enter on its runaway direction and the conifold deformation would shrink to zero size. It is difficult to satisfy the required bound and a) maintain a hierarchy in the simpler CY manifolds and b) complete the cosmological phase transition into the stabilized throat, We also discuss the implications of this type of setup for supersymmetry breaking, and how multiple throats can introduce hierarchies of supersymmetry breaking masses, even in an anomaly‐mediated scenario. In an appendix we consider general compactification constraints.