bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Prebiotic Products on Decreasing Adiposity Parameters in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis
Authors: Qu Hua , Song Lei , Zhang Ying , Gao Zhu-ye , Shi Da-zhuo 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Prebiotics are substrates selectively utilized by host microorganisms to confer
health benefits. The potential of prebiotics to decrease body weight in overweight/obese individuals
was suggested by some clinical and animal studies. However, these studies were based on relatively
small sample sizes and the precise effects of prebiotic products have not yet been evaluated.
Therefore, the present meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) was designed to
comprehensively assess the effects of prebiotic products on overweight and obese individuals.

Methods:
PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched to identify RCT investigating the
effects of prebiotic products on overweight and obese individuals. We calculated the pooled weighted
mean difference (WMD) to assess the effects of prebiotic products on Body Mass Index (BMI), body
weight, fat mass and inflammatory biomarkers.

Results:
Twelve RCTs with a total of 535 overweight and obese individuals were enrolled. Compared
with placebo, prebiotic products decreased C reactive protein (WMD, -1.06 mg/L; 95%CI, -1.72 to -
0.40; p=0.002), tumour necrosis factor-α(WMD, -0.64 pg/mL; 95%CI, -1.11 to -0.18; p=0.006) and
other inflammatory markers, such as interleukin-1β，lipopolysaccharide (p<0.05); whereas no
reductions in BMI (WMD, -0.20 kg/m2; 95%CI, -0.58 to 0.19; p=0.32), body weight (WMD, -0.51
kg; 95%CI, -1.18 to 0.16; p=0.14) and fat mass (WMD, 0.11 kg; 95%CI, -0.04 to 0.25; p=0.15) were
observed.

Conclusion:
In the present analysis, comprehensive evidence suggested that prebiotic products did
not decrease adiposity parameters (BMI, body weight and body fat mass), but they could decrease the
levels of systemic inflammatory biomarkers, implying adherence to prebiotic products might be a
promising complementary approach to managing inflammatory states in overweight and obese individuals.
Protective Effect of Paeoniflorin on Acute Cerebral Infarction in Rats
Authors: Wu Weilin , Qiu Chenfeng , Feng Xuewen , Tao Xiaoxiao , Zhu Qian , Chen Zhengjun , Ma Xiaomin , Yang Jinwei , Bao Xianjun 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
The purpose of this paper was to study the protective effect of paeoniflorin on
acute cerebral ischemia. The animal model of cerebral infarction induced by Middle Cerebral Artery
Occlusion (MCAO) was blocked by the suture method. Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into the
shame group, MCAO group, paeoniflorin (60, 120, 240 mg/kg, respectively) and Nimodipine (NMDP)
group (n = 10 per group).

Methods:
The rats were intragastrically administered immediately after the operation. After 7 days of
gavage, the brains were decapitated at 24 h. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining was used to observe
the degree of cell damage in the cerebral cortex of rats. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect silver
plating and to observe changes in nerve cells. Rats in the model group showed obvious symptoms
of neurological deficits, such as the ischemic morphological changed, the Malondialdehyde (MDA),
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LD) content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were significantly increased
in the ischemic brain tissue, while the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased.

Results:
The decrease in Na+-K+-ATPase activity was significantly lower than that in the sham group.
The neurological symptoms and signs of MCAO in the different doses of paeoniflorin group were improved,
and the neuronal edema in the cortical area was alleviated. The activities of SOD, LDH and
Na+-K+-ATPase were significantly increased, and the contents of MDA and LD were decreased.

Conclusion:
Therefore, paeoniflorin could alleviate the degree of tissue damage in rats with acute cerebral
infarction, inhabit the formation of free radicals in the brain tissue after ischemia, and reduce the
degree of lipid peroxidation. Thus, the degree of cell damage was reduced greatly and a protective effect
was showed on cerebral ischemia.
Development of Formulation Methods and Physical Characterization of Injectable Sodium Selenite Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Sorafenib tosylate
Authors: Moni Sivakumar S. , Alam Mohammad F. , Safhi Mohammed M. , Sultan Muhammad H. , Makeen Hafiz A. , Elmobark Mohamed E. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Sorafenib is the first oral therapeutic agent to show the activity against human
hepatocellular carcinoma. Sorafenib leads to severe toxicity due to the multiple-dose regimen. Reducing
the overall dose of sorafenib through injectable dosage form to release sustainably is of therapeutically
more important to combat drug-induced toxicity.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate the physical parameters of sorafenib-
loaded Sodium Selenite Nanoparticles (SSSNP).

Methods:
Two different methods: chemical crosslinking and solvent evaporation were applied for the
formulation of nanoparticles using various crosslinkers such as formaldehyde, magnesium sulfate,
tripolyphosphate, dextran sulfate, and aluminum hydroxide. Physical characterization was performed
with zeta potential analysis, polydispersity index, particle size and scanning electron microscopic studies
for morphological analysis for all the formulated nanoparticles developed using the chemical crosslinking
technique based ionic interaction.

Results:
Tripolyphosphate was selected as an ideal crosslinker and used for nanoparticle formulation
with the solvent evaporation technique. Based on the physical characterization, SSSNP was formulated
successfully with the solvent evaporation technique using tripolyphosphate as a cross-linker. The zeta
potential of SSSNP was -37.5 mV, PDI was approximately 0.3 to 0.4, and the observed size (diameter)
was in the range of 208 nm to 0.2 μm. Furthermore, the particles were smooth in morphology and appeared
as crystals.

Conclusion:
The novel injectable sorafenib loaded sodium selenite nanoparticle dosage form will
serve better than conventional oral dosage form to elicit a safe therapeutic effect.
Monogenic Diabetes: Genetics and Relevance on Diabetes Mellitus Personalized Medicine
Authors: Sousa Madalena , Bruges-Armas Jácome 
Published: December 2019

Background:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease with significant impression in today's world. Aside from the most common types recognized over the years, such as type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), recent studies have emphasized the crucial role of genetics in DM, allowing the distinction of monogenic diabetes.Methods:Authors did a literature search with the purpose of highlighting and clarifying the subtypes of monogenic diabetes, as well as the accredited genetic entities responsible for such phenotypes.Results:The following subtypes were included in this literature review: maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) and maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD). So far, 14 subtypes of MODY have been identified, while three subtypes have been identified in NDM - transient, permanent, and syndromic.Discussion:Despite being estimated to affect approximately 2% of all the T2DM patients in Europe, the exact prevalence of MODY is still unknown, accentuating the need for research focused on biomarkers. Consequently, due to its impact in the course of treatment, follow-up of associated complications, and genetic implications for siblings and offspring of affected individuals, it is imperative to diagnose the monogenic forms of DM accurately.Conclusion:Currently, advances in the genetics field allowed the recognition of new DM subtypes, which until now, were considered slight variations of the typical forms. Thus, it is imperative to act in the close interaction between genetics and clinical manifestations, to facilitate diagnosis and individualize treatment.
Detection of Cold Stress in Plants using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM)
Authors: Peng Owen , Akers Walter , Berezin Mikhail Y. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Cold stress injury to plants is a highly complex process and a significant
cost to agricultural food production. This stress adversely affects metabolism, growth and productivity
of plants. Timely visualization of plants’ cold stress is important for identifying injury to the plants
and for predicting a plant's survival. While there is a developed understanding of physiology and biology
associated with this condition, early detection and assessment of the injury remain difficult. A
rapid, remote method for quantitatively measuring cold stress in situ will aid producers in selecting
cold-tolerant plants for breeding and for identifying appropriate remedies.

Methods:
Standard methods such as electrolyte leakage assays correctly and quantitatively evaluate
the damage. However, these methods are laborious and costly, not applicable for non-invasive highthroughput
screening of plants in the field. To address this problem, we have evaluated a new sensitive
method based on the fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) that can be used for injury assessment.

Results:
Standard methods such as electrolyte leakage assays correctly and quantitatively evaluate
the damage. However, these methods are laborious and costly, not applicable for non-invasive highthroughput
screening of plants in the field. To address this problem, we have evaluated a new sensitive
method based on the fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) that can be used for injury assessment.
We have demonstrated that the fluorescence lifetime of chlorophyll’s autofluorescence in intact
leaves from Periwinkle (Vinca Minor) plants is correlated with the degree of injury. Nonlinear
regression identifies the long-lifetime component of the fluorescence decay, showing a high sensitivity
for detecting injury mere minutes after plant exposure to -20°C, while no gross visual differences
could be distinguished. Moreover, conventional color imaging, reflection, or and steady-state
fluorescence intensity showed lower sensitivity in detecting cold stress.

Conclusion:
FLIM was shown to be more sensitive than visual or camera-based inspection and can
be potentially used for rapid and remote monitoring of the health of individual plants and crops in the
field and will aid in the selection of cold-tolerant crop variants.
An Effort to Making a Colorimitric Nano-Biosensor for Vibrio cholera Detection
Authors: Mahheidari Naimeh , Rashidiani Jamal , Kooshki Hamid , Eskandari Khadijeh 
Published: December 2019

Background:Today, nanoparticles hold great promise in biomedical researches and applications including bacteria detection. The rapid and sensitive outcomes of bacteria detection strategies using nanoparticle conjugates become determinative, especially in bacterial outbreaks. In the current research, we focused on detecting V. cholera bacteria and its toxin using a thiocyanate/Au nanoparticle. Thiocyanate adsorbed strongly on the surface of gold nanoparticles and changed the surface by enhancing surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles.Objective:This method is tried to introduce a simple and fast procedure to assay vibrio cholera. So, it is observed by the naked eyes as well.Methods:We used two antibodies (Ab) for V. cholera detection: a) a primary antibody conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for trapping V. cholera bacterial cells, and b) a secondary Abconjugated thiocyanate-GNPs as a colorimetric detector. Then, an immuno-magnetic separation system connected to a colorimetric assay was designed based on the GNPs. The results were measured by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy.Results:The results showed that gold nanoparticles are an appropriate optical assay for detecting biological samples in a minimum concentration and also it can be easily seen by the naked eyes. The linear range of this biosensor is 3.2×104 to 28×104 cells per ml.Conclusion:In this research, a colorimetric immune assay based on gold nanoparticles was designed to improve the sensitivity of V. cholera detection. Also, this method can be used for the detection of other biological agents.
The first Report of Faustula keksooni from Tenualosa ilisha in Karun River, Southwest of Iran
Authors: Foroutan Masoud , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Ghaffari Ali Dalir 
Published: December 2019

Background:
enualosa ilisha (ilish, hilsa, hilsa herring, or hilsa shad) is a species of
migratory fish in the herring family (Clupeidae), and is considered as a popular food fish in the
southwest of Iran.

Objective:
Due to the high consumption of T. ilisha fish in Khuzestan province (especially in
Abadan and Khorramshahr cities) and lack of any reports about the intestinal trematode of this
fish; the current study was aimed to investigate the trematode parasites of T. ilisha.

Methods:
For this purpose, a total of 50 T. ilisha fishes were collected from the Karun River during
Feb-Mar 2017. The fishes were transferred to the Department of Medical Parasitology of Tarbiat
Modares University and dissected to obtain the intestine. The intestines were extensively
searched for the presence of trematode and after parasites recovering, they were preserved in 70%
alcohol. Moreover, the helminths were stained by acetic carmine. The parasites were identified
with the aid of reliable sources.

Results:
Forty-one out of 50 (82%) fishes were found to be positive for trematode. The recovered
trematode belonged to Faustula keksooni.

Conclusions:
The present study showed a high burden of infection in T. ilisha. It should be noted
that we reported F. keksooni for the first time in Iran.
Formulation and in vitro Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Febuxostat Using Co-Processed Excipients
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Mittal Amit , Gulati Monica , Sharma Deepika , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Febuxostat is a novel, orally-administered, powerful, non-purine, xanthine
oxidase inhibitor used for treating gout and ceaseless tophaceous gout. The drug exhibits low bioavailability
(about 49%) which is ascribed to its dissolution rate-limited absorption.

Objective:
The current work is aimed to provide a novel strategy to improve the dissolution profile and
thus, the bioavailability of Febuxostat.

Methods:
Formulation of Fast Dissolving Tablets (FDT) is anticipated to provide immediate release of
the drug, which in turn, will improve its dissolution profile to provide the initial surge in plasma concentration
required in an acute gout attack. Incorporation of co-processed excipients in a tablet is
known to improve the compressibility and disintegration characteristics of the tablets, which, in turn,
result in enhanced in vitro drug release and improved bioavailability. A combination of crospovidone
(it rapidly wicks saliva into the tablet to create the volume development and hydrostatic weight important
to give quick disintegration) and microcrystalline cellulose (a highly compressible ingredient with
good wicking and absorbing capacity) was, therefore, used as co-processed excipients.

Results:
The tablets were prepared by direct compression technique with the application of a 32 randomized
full factorial design. The prepared tablets were able to release more than 80% of the drug
within 10 minutes of the start of dissolution testing and were able to show a better drug release profile
in comparison to available marketed formulation.

Conclusion:
So, it can be concluded that the developed fast release formulation was found to exhibit
convincing in vitro results and may prove a boon in the treatment of acute gout attack after establishing
in vivo potential.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Restaging and Evaluation of Response to Therapy in Lung Cancer: State of the Art
Authors: Castello Angelo , Rossi Sabrina , Lopci Egesta 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Metabolic information provided by 18F-FDG PET/CT are useful for initial
staging, therapy planning, response evaluation, and to a lesser extent for the follow-up of non-small
cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To date, there are no established clinical guidelines in treatment response
and early detection of recurrence.

Objective:
To provide an overview of 18F-FDG PET/CT in NSCLC and in particular, to discuss its
utility in treatment response evaluation and restaging of lung cancer.

Methods:
A comprehensive search was used based on PubMed results. From all studies published in
English those that explored the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the treatment response scenario were
selected.

Results:
Several studies have demonstrated that modifications in metabolic activity, expressed by
changes in SUV both in the primary tumor as well as in regional lymph nodes, are associated with
tumor response and survival. Beside SUV, other metabolic parameters (i.e. MTV, TLG, and percentage
changes) are emerging to be helpful for predicting clinical outcomes.

Conclusion:
18F-FDG parameters appear to be promising factors for evaluating treatment response
and for detecting recurrences, although larger prospective trials are needed to confirm these evidences
and to determine optimal cut-off values.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Fialho Lívia , Castaño Ricardo 
Published: December 2019

O que significa “educar”? Muitos autores do campo da Educação e da Antropologia têm se aplicado, de diferentes maneiras, na compreensão dos diversos processos que envolvem a aprendizagem, o ensino, a transmissão, a socialização. Sabemos que a educação não se dá apenas na escola – instituição que segue um certo tipo de comunicação e de relação com a autoridade (escolar) preocupada com as possibilidades de progressão linear de estudantes (de uma classe para outra). Novas experiências na forma de aprender-e-ensinar, experiências pluridirecionais de transmissão (não apenas professor-aluno), incorporação de outros saberes ao currículo, dinâmicas contemporâneas de processos educativos são alguns temas que têm mobilizado pesquisas nos dois campos. Este dossiê, dedicado ao tema “Educação e Antropologia: questões de método e e epistemologia”, se organiza em torno de reflexões acerca do fazer científico e da relação entre dois campos de conhecimento, a Educação e a Antropologia. Os artigos aqui reunidos fazem pensar sobre o lugar que assume o método e os pressupostos epistemológicos na produção das questões que envolvem objetos que tocam aos dois campos do saber, tanto na perspectiva da interação/aproximação, quanto na perspectiva das fronteiras teórico-conceituais e uso do método etnográfico. Discutem, em diferentes perspectivas, como a Antropologia e a abordagem etnográfica constituem importantes aportes teóricos e metodológicos para a produção de conhecimento fundado na transformação de formas de investigação e de outras possibilidades de enunciação. As experiências de campo – pesquisas originais desenvolvidas em diferentes países – sobre processos educativos/culturais diversos, nos convida a refletir sobre o que o conhecimento “aproximado” da realidade pode nos revelar sobre o Outro e sobre Nós mesmos.
Vasodilatory Actions of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Are Preserved in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Microvasculature but Not in Conduit Artery in Obese Humans With Vascular Insulin Resistance
Authors: Wang Nasui , Tan Alvin W.K. , Jahn Linda A. , Hartline Lee , Patrie James T. , Lin Shaoda , Barrett Eugene J. , Aylor Kevin W. , Liu Zhenqi 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE
Obesity is associated with microvascular insulin resistance, which is characterized by impaired insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) recruits skeletal and cardiac muscle microvasculature, and this action is preserved in insulin-resistant rodents. We aimed to examine whether GLP-1 recruits microvasculature and improves the action of insulin in obese humans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fifteen obese adults received intravenous infusion of either saline or GLP-1 (1.2 pmol/kg/min) for 150 min with or without a euglycemic insulin clamp (1 mU/kg/min) superimposed over the last 120 min. Skeletal and cardiac muscle microvascular blood volume (MBV), flow velocity and blood flow, brachial artery diameter and blood flow, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were determined.

RESULTS
Insulin failed to change MBV or flow in either skeletal or cardiac muscle, confirming the presence of microvascular insulin resistance. GLP-1 infusion alone increased MBV by ∼30% and ∼40% in skeletal and cardiac muscle, respectively, with no change in flow velocity, leading to a significant increase in microvascular blood flow in both skeletal and cardiac muscle. Superimposition of insulin to GLP-1 infusion did not further increase MBV or flow in either skeletal or cardiac muscle but raised the steady-state glucose infusion rate by ∼20%. Insulin, GLP-1, and GLP-1 + insulin infusion did not alter brachial artery diameter and blood flow or PWV. The vasodilatory actions of GLP-1 are preserved in both skeletal and cardiac muscle microvasculature, which may contribute to improving metabolic insulin responses and cardiovascular outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
In obese humans with microvascular insulin resistance, GLP-1’s vasodilatory actions are preserved in both skeletal and cardiac muscle microvasculature, which may contribute to improving metabolic insulin responses and cardiovascular outcomes.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI PRODUKSI USAHATANI PADI LADANG DI KECAMATAN SIDOMULYO KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Noer Suci Rodian , Zakaria Wan Abbas , Murniati Ktut 
Published: December 2019

The research aims to know the income level and production’s efficiency of upland rice farming in Sidomulyo Subdistrict of South Lampung Regency. The Location of this research was chosen purposively with consideration that the area is upland rice production centers in Lampung. This research used a survey method and the data were collected in Nov-Dec 2016. The samples consist of 54 upland rice farmers selected using stratified random sampling method. The income level of upland rice farming is analyzed by using income analysis method. The production efficiency of upland rice farming is analyzed by using production stochastic frontier function analysis method. The results showed that the income level of upland rice farming in rainy season (November 2016 until March 2017) was provitable about Rp 1.381.414/ha, R/C value of total cost was about 1.22. The production efficiency level of upland rice farming was 89 percent (not efficienct yet).Key words : efficiency, income, production, upland rice
HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN TIK DENGAN KINERJA PPL DI BP3K JATI AGUNG KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Mubarokah M Nuzul , Gultom Dame Trully , Sadar Suarno 
Published: December 2019

The study aims to know the level of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) usage, the level of Extension Workers’ performance, the relation between the use of ICT and the performance of Extension Workers, and factors related to the use of ICT in Agricultural Extension Centers, Fisheries and Forestry (BP3K) Jati Agung, South Lampung District. This study was conducted at BP3K Jati Agung Regency, South Lampung District in 2017 with 17 respondents of Extension Workers. The research method used is a survey method. Methods of analysis used were descriptive analysis and Rank Spearman correlation. The results showed that Extension Workers have a high rate of ICT utilization and a high performance level. The use of ICT has a significant relationship with the performance of Extension Workers and factors related to the use of ICT are age, education, income, and cosmopolitan characteristics. Key words: extension workers, ICT, performance