bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
pH profiles of cellulases depend on the substrate and architecture of the binding region
Authors: Røjel Nanna , Kari Jeppe , Sørensen Trine H. , Borch Kim , Westh Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the pH effect of cellulolytic enzymes is of great technological importance. In this study, we have examined the influence of pH on activity and stability for central cellulases (Cel7A, Cel7B, Cel6A from Trichoderma reesei, and Cel7A from Rasamsonia emersonii). We systematically changed pH from 2 to 7, temperature from 20°C to 70°C, and used both soluble (4‐nitrophenyl β‐
d‐lactopyranoside [pNPL]) and insoluble (Avicel) substrates at different concentrations. Collective interpretation of these data provided new insights. An unusual tolerance to acidic conditions was observed for both investigated Cel7As, but only on real insoluble cellulose. In contrast, pH profiles on pNPL were bell‐shaped with a strong loss of activity both above and below the optimal pH for all four enzymes. On a practical level, these observations call for the caution of the common practice of using soluble substrates for the general characterization of pH effects on cellulase activity. Kinetic modeling of the experimental data suggested that the nucleophile of Cel7A experiences a strong downward shift in pKa upon complexation with an insoluble substrate. This shift was less pronounced for Cel7B, Cel6A, and for Cel7A acting on the soluble substrate, and we hypothesize that these differences are related to the accessibility of water to the binding region of the Michaelis complex.
Development of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for breast cancer diagnosis based on nucleoside metabolomes 1‐methyl adenosine, 1‐methylguanosine and 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine
Authors: Omran Mohamed M. , Rashed Ramzy E. , Darwish Hossam , Belal Arafa A. , Mohamed Faten Z. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMetabolomes are small molecule metabolites (<1000 Da) produced by cellular processes. Metabolomes are close counterparts to the genome, transcriptome and proteome. The aim of this study was to develop a method to detect and quantify candidate nucleoside metabolomes 1‐methyl adenosine (1‐MA), 1‐methylguanosine (1‐MG) and 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) in the urine of patients with breast cancer using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The method was applied to urine specimens from patients with breast cancer (n = 56) and benign breast tumors (n = 22), as well as from healthy females (n = 20). The relative standard deviations of precision and repeatability analysis were <10%, and recoveries ranged from 88.5 to 105.6%. Limits of detection were 0.014, 0.012, and 0.018 mg/L for 1‐MA, 1‐MG and 8‐OHdG, respectively. The lower limits of quantitation were 0.056, 0.048 and 0.072 mg/L, respectively. There were significant differences in concentrations of candidate metabolomes between patients with cancer and the healthy individuals, especially for those in the early stages of the disease (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the benign and healthy groups. In conclusion, a reliable GC–MS method for the detection and quantification of 1‐MA, 1‐MG, and 8‐OHdG metabolomes in urine has been developed.
Quantification and pharmacokinetic property of verubecestat an BACE1 inhibitor in rat plasma
Authors: Wang Qiong , Wang Haiyun , Zhong Youyan , Mei Yibin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the present study, an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) approach was designed to measure the rat plasma levels of verubecestat with diazepam as the internal standard. Acetonitrile‐based protein precipitation was applied for sample preparation, then the analyte verubecestat was subjected to gradient elution chromatography with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid in water (B). Verubecestat was monitored by m/z 410.1 → 124.0 transition for quantification by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) source. When the concentration of verubecestat ranged from 1 to 2500 ng/mL, the method exhibited good linearity. For verubecestat, the intra‐ and inter‐day precision were determined with the values of 2.9–9.0% and 0.4–6.5%, respectively; and the accuracy ranged from −2.2% to 10.4%. Matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability data were in line with the standard FDA guidelines for validating a bioanalytical method. The validity of the developed method was confirmed through the pharmacokinetic study.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement versus surgical aortic valve replacement in low‐surgical‐risk patients: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Goel Sunny , Pasam Ravi T. , Wats Karan , Patel Jignesh , Chava Srilekha , Gotesman Joseph , Malik Bilal A. , Frankel Robert , Shani Jacob , Gidwani Umesh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this meta‐analysis is to compare the safety and efficacy of transcatheter aortic‐valve replacement (TAVR) to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in low‐surgical‐risk patients.BackgroundTAVR is proven to be safe and effective in patients with high‐ and intermediate‐risk aortic stenosis. However, there is limited data on the safety and efficacy of TAVR in patients with low surgical risk.MethodsWe conducted an electronic database search of all published data for studies that compared TAVR to SAVR in low‐surgical‐risk patients (mean society for thoracic surgery [STS] score <4% and/or logistic EuroScore <10%) and reported on subsequent all‐cause mortality, cardiac mortality, stroke rates, and other outcomes of interest. Event rates were compared with a forest plot of odds ratio using a random‐effects model assuming interstudy heterogeneity.ResultsA total of seven studies (n = 6,293 patients; TAVR = 2,912; and SAVR = 3,381) were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference between TAVR and SAVR in terms of all‐cause mortality (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.50–1.36, I2 = 51%), cardiac mortality (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.32–1.02, I2 = 0%), new pacemaker implantation (OR = 3.11; 95% CI 0.58–16.60, I2 = 89%), moderate/severe paravalvular leak (PVL; OR 3.50; 95% CI 0.64–19.10, I2 = 54%) and rate of stroke (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.34–1.15, I2 = 39%) at 1‐year follow‐up. TAVR was found to have a significantly lower incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF; OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.10–0.24, I2 = 38%) as compared to SAVR.ConclusionThe results of our meta‐analysis demonstrate similar rates of all‐cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and stroke at 1‐year follow‐up in patients undergoing TAVR and SAVR. TAVR is associated with a lower incidence of AF relative to SAVR. However, there was a significantly higher incidence of PVL with TAVR compared to SAVR.
Real world validation of the nonhyperemic index of coronary artery stenosis severity—Resting full‐cycle ratio—RE‐VALIDATE
Authors: Kumar Gautam , Desai Rupak , Gore Ankita , Rahim Hussein , Maehara Akiko , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Kirtane Ajay , Jeremias Allen , Ali Ziad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe primary objective was to demonstrate diagnostic equivalence between RFR and iFR in clinical practice.BackgroundThe instantaneous wave‐free ratio (iFR), a nonhyperemic pressure ratio (NHPR), has been shown to be noninferior to fractional flow reserve (FFR) in determining coronary artery stenosis severity in intermediate lesions. However, iFR has a number of inherent limitations, including sensitive landmarking of the pressure waveform and the assumption that maximal flow and minimal microcirculatory resistance occur during a fixed period within diastole. The resting full‐cycle ratio (RFR) is a novel NHPR which evaluates the entire cardiac cycle independent of the ECG, landmark identification, and timing within the cardiac cycle.MethodsRE‐VALIDATE RFR was designed to determine the diagnostic utility of RFR for the physiological assessment of coronary artery disease in clinical practice compared to iFR. RFR was also tested for equivalence (1% margin), diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), areas under the receiver operated characteristic curve (AUC), and correlations compared to calculated iFR (iFRcalc).ResultsFrom two centers, 501 blinded rest‐ and hyperemic pressure recordings from 431 patients were suitable for analysis according to a core laboratory. The mean FFR, RFR, and iFRcalc were 0.80 ± 0.09, 0.90 ± 0.08, and 0.90 ± 0.08, respectively. Based on a binary cut‐off approach (RFR/iFR ≤0.89), RFR demonstrated equivalence with iFRcalc (95% confidence interval: 0.025–0.019) with overall diagnostic accuracy 97.8%, sensitivity 97.8%, specificity 97.8%, PPV 96.2%, NPV 98.7%, and AUC 0.96 (0.94–0.97, p < .001). RFR had a mean bias 0.003 (95% limits of agreement: 0.019, −0.025).ConclusionsRFR was equivalent to iFR in clinical practice. RFR is an alternative NHPR, avoiding the need for hyperemic agents, thus potentially reducing side effects, procedural time and cost compared to FFR.
Assessment of intermediate coronary lesions by fractional flow reserve and quantitative flow ratio in patients with small‐vessel disease
Authors: Erbay Aslihan , Steiner Julia , Lauten Alexander , Landmesser Ulf , Leistner David M. , Stähli Barbara E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative flow ratio (QFR) has recently been introduced as a novel, less‐invasive, adenosine‐free measure for functional coronary lesion assessment. Whether reference vessel dimensions affect functional lesion assessment is uncertain.MethodsA total of 436 patients with 516 interrogated coronary vessels by means of FFR were included in the study. Patients were dichotomized according to the median reference vessel diameter (group 1: ≤2.8 mm and group 2: >2.8 mm). QFR analyses were performed offline at the institution's core laboratories.ResultsReference vessel diameter was 2.5 [2.3–2.7] mm in group 1 and 3.3 [3.0–3.6] mm in group 2. Diameter stenosis (41.4 [36.4–47.6] % vs. 41.4 [36.4–45.7] %, p = .20) did not differ among groups. Median FFR values were lower in group 1 (0.87 [0.81–0.92]) as compared with group 2 (0.89 [0.84–0.93], p = .001). Consistently, QFR values were lower in group 1 (0.88 [0.82–0.92]) than in group 2 (0.91 [0.85–0.94], p = .001). The proportions of functionally significant coronary lesions as defined by FFR ≤0.80 were 24.1% and 14.2% in groups 1 and 2 (p = .005), and as defined by cQFR ≤0.80 20.4% and 11.8% (p = 0.009), respectively. In ROC analysis for an FFR ≤.80, the AUC was 0.89 (95% CI 0.85–0.93, p < .001) in group 1 and 0.81 (95% CI 0.76–0.86, p < .001) in group 2.ConclusionsThese results suggest that QFR measurements are accurate irrespective of the reference vessel diameter. Future studies are needed to elucidate the higher percentage of functionally significant lesions observed in small vessels despite a similar angiographic lesion severity.
Short‐term decrease of left atrial size predicts clinical outcome in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR
Authors: De Rosa Roberta , Murray Marie‐Isabel , Schranz Dietmar , Mas‐Peiro Silvia , Esmaeili Anoosh , Zeiher Andreas M. , Fichtlscherer Stephan , Vasa‐Nicotera Mariuca 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated whether transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) results in a short‐term decrease in left atrium (LA) size and whether such decrease may predict patients' clinical outcome.BackgroundIncreased LA size is a hallmark of severe aortic stenosis (AS) and is associated with adverse patients' cardiovascular outcome. Whether TAVR may lead to a decrease in LA size is not known.Methods and resultsHundred and four patients with severe symptomatic AS and dilated LA undergoing TAVR were enrolled. LA volume was assessed by echocardiography before and shortly after TAVR (median time: 7 days). Composite rate of death and hospitalization for acutely decompensated heart failure (HF) was recorded and clinical status was assessed through NYHA‐class evaluation at 12 months median follow‐up. After TAVR, 49 patients (47%) demonstrated a decrease in LA volume. Despite a similar baseline NYHA class, patients with decrease in LA size had significant better improvement in clinical status respect to patients with unvaried LA size (NYHA post: 1.2 ± 0.6 vs. 1.8 ± 1.1, p = .001; NYHA reduction: −1.6 ± 0.9 vs. −0.9 ± 1.0, p = .002, respectively). Moreover, these patients had a significantly reduced rate of death or HF‐hospitalization (4 vs. 29%, p = .001) and a significantly longer event‐free‐survival from Kaplan–Meier curves (p = .003). COX regression analysis showed that, among echocardiographic parameters, decrease in LA size was an independent predictor of clinical outcome (HR: 0.149, CI: 0.034–0.654, p = .012).ConclusionsThe lack of decrease in LA size shortly after TAVR is associated with significantly higher rates of death and HF‐hospitalization, as well as with impaired improvement in clinical status during long‐term follow‐up.
Facilitating right‐sided axillary artery access for transcatheter aortic valve replacement using the Edwards Sapien 3 and ultra valves: Technical considerations
Authors: Rajkumar Christopher A. , Cook Christopher , Shalhoub Joseph , Chukwuemeka Andrew , Jaffer Usman , Hadjiloizou Nearchos , Sen Sayan , Ruparelia Neil , Mikhail Ghada , Malik Iqbal S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTrans‐Axillary Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) has become established as the safest arterial approach when femoral arterial anatomy is unfavorable. Although a left sided axillary approach is generally preferred, patient specific factors may require use of the right axillary artery. In this case series we describe procedural modifications that are required to overcome the challenge of restricted space in the ascending aorta for in situ valve preparation of balloon‐expandable valve systems when a right sided trans‐Axillary approach is taken. These steps permit implantation of both the Edwards LifeSciences Sapien 3 and Ultra prostheses via the right trans‐Axillary approach, allowing patients a greater range of valve options when this arterial route is required for TAVR.
Effect of roasting as a premilling treatment on the functional and bread baking properties of whole yellow pea flour
Authors: Young Gina , Bourré Lindsay , Frohlich Peter , Borsuk Yulia , Sarkar Ashok , Sopiwnyk Elaine , Jones Stuart , Dyck Adam , Malcolmson Linda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesThere is a growing global interest in partially replacing wheat flour with pulse flours in foods, including bread. However, undesirable flavors associated with pulse flours, especially yellow pea flour, have limited their use in foods. Pretreating pulses prior to milling offers a possible solution for improving the flavor of pulse flours. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of oven roasting and Revtech roasting (with and without steam) on the compositional, functional, and bread baking properties of whole yellow peas.FindingsRegardless of the roasting method used, a roasting temperature of 120°C resulted in flours that retained good functionality and bread baking properties with less detrimental changes in flour color. Bread made with peas roasted at 120°C also had reduced aroma and flavor properties compared to bread made with untreated peas.ConclusionsThe strong aroma and flavor properties of yellow peas can be reduced by pretreating the peas prior to milling using conventional oven roasting and Revtech roasting. By selecting the appropriate roasting temperature, flour functionality for bread baking can be maintained.Significance and noveltyRoasting is a useful premilling treatment for yellow peas. Reducing the off‐flavors associated with pulses while maintaining flour functionality will allow for greater use of pulse flours in formulating foods.
Spontaneous Growth of 3D Silver Mesoflowers on Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) Brushes‐Grafted‐Graphene Oxide Films and Facile Creation of Nanoporosities over their Surface
Authors: Feng Lihua , Wang Wenqin , Li Xiyong , Chen Tao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFabricating three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical noble‐metal particles by spontaneous redox reactions between graphene and noble‐metal salts still remains a great challenge. Herein, the fact that graphene oxide (GO) itself acts as both a platform for grafting polymer brushes and a reducing agent to reduce [Ag(NH3)2]+ ions is taken advantages of. 3D flower‐like Ag mesoparticles (Ag mesoflowers, Ag MFs) with tunable size and shapes can spontaneous grow on poly(4‐vinylpyridine) brushes‐grafted‐graphene oxide (P4VP‐g‐GO) films in Ag(NH3)2OH solution without the use of any additional reducing agent. The residual Ag(NH3)2OH on 3D Ag MFs surface can be further reduced by NaBH4, causing abundant nanoporosities over the entire Ag MFs. The resulting Ag nanoporous MFs (Ag NMFs) with larger surface‐to‐volume ratio and higher nanoscale roughness exhibit ultrasensitivity in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection, and the detection limit for 4‐aminothiophenol is as low as 10−13 m.
The Effect of Lithium Doping in Solution‐Processed Nickel Oxide Films for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Saki Zahra , Sveinbjörnsson Kári , Boschloo Gerrit , Taghavinia Nima 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe effect of substitutional Li doping into NiOx hole transporting layer (HTL) for use in inverted perovskite solar cells was systematically studied. Li doped NiOx thin films with preferential crystal growth along the (111) plane were deposited using a simple solution‐based process. Mott‐Schottky analysis showed that hole carrier concentration (NA) is doubled by Li doping. Utilizing 4 % Li in NiOx improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar devices from 9.0 % to 12.6 %. Photoluminescence quenching investigations demonstrate better hole capturing properties of Li:NiOx compared to that of NiOx, leading to higher current densities by Li doping. The electrical conductivity of NiOx is improved by Li doping. Further improvements of the device were made by using an additional ZnO layer onto PCBM, to remove shunt paths, leading to a PCE of 14.2 % and a fill factor of 0.72.
CytoNorm: A Normalization Algorithm for Cytometry Data
Authors: Van Gassen Sofie , Gaudilliere Brice , Angst Martin S. , Saeys Yvan , Aghaeepour Nima 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh‐dimensional flow cytometry has matured to a level that enables deep phenotyping of cellular systems at a clinical scale. The resulting high‐content data sets allow characterizing the human immune system at unprecedented single cell resolution. However, the results are highly dependent on sample preparation and measurements might drift over time. While various controls exist for assessment and improvement of data quality in a single sample, the challenges of cross‐sample normalization attempts have been limited to aligning marker distributions across subjects. These approaches, inspired by bulk genomics and proteomics assays, ignore the single‐cell nature of the data and risk the removal of biologically relevant signals. This work proposes CytoNorm, a normalization algorithm to ensure internal consistency between clinical samples based on shared controls across various study batches. Data from the shared controls is used to learn the appropriate transformations for each batch (e.g., each analysis day). Importantly, some sources of technical variation are strongly influenced by the amount of protein expressed on specific cell types, requiring several population‐specific transformations to normalize cells from a heterogeneous sample. To address this, our approach first identifies the overall cellular distribution using a clustering step, and calculates subset‐specific transformations on the control samples by computing their quantile distributions and aligning them with splines. These transformations are then applied to all other clinical samples in the batch to remove the batch‐specific variations. We evaluated the algorithm on a customized data set with two shared controls across batches. One control sample was used for calculation of the normalization transformations and the second control was used as a blinded test set and evaluated with Earth Mover's distance. Additional results are provided using two real‐world clinical data sets. Overall, our method compared favorably to standard normalization procedures. The algorithm is implemented in the R package “CytoNorm” and available via the following link:www.github.com/saeyslab/CytoNorm© 2019 The Authors.Cytometry Part Apublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Personality traits in adolescents with eating disorder: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Dufresne Laurie , Bussières Eve‐Line , Bédard Alexandra , Gingras Nathalie , Blanchette‐Sarrasin Agathe , Bégin PhD Catherine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveGiven the growing interest in personality traits among the young population with eating disorders (EDs) and the recognition that a better understanding of personality can facilitate clinical management, this meta‐analytic study reviewed evidence concerning the relationship between personality traits and the presence of an ED during adolescence.MethodWe conducted a systematic literature search to identify studies that examined personality traits among adolescents with an ED (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder, eating disorder not otherwise specified) and that compared these traits with a normative group without an ED. The personality traits investigated in the selected studies were organized according to the personality trait domains presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth ed.). Effect sizes of the mean differences were calculated for each domain. We performed meta‐regressions to assess the moderating effect of ED subtype and age on the combined effect sizes.ResultsTwenty‐six studies met our inclusion criteria, containing a total of 63 effect sizes. Adolescents with EDs differed from the non‐ED group according to traits related to negative affectivity (g = 0.78), detachment (g = 0.69), and conscientiousness (g = −0.53). The presence of an anorexia nervosa diagnosis moderated the relationship between an ED and personality traits; this diagnosis was more strongly associated with conscientious traits compared to other EDs.DiscussionOur findings provide evidence that personality traits are related to EDs in adolescents. Thus, considering personality traits could lead to a better understanding of etiological and maintenance factors for EDs.