bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Toxicological Evaluation of UV-Degraded versus Parent-Insensitive Munition Compound 1-Methyl-3-Nitroguanidine in Fathead Minnow
Authors: Lotufo Guilherme R. , Gust Kurt A. , Ballentine Mark L. , Moores Lee C. , Kennedy Alan J. , Barker Natalie D. , Ji Qing , Chappell Pornsawan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The US Army is replacing traditional munitions with insensitive munitions resistant to accidental detonation. Although the parent insensitive munition compound nitroguanidine (NQ) is generally not acutely toxic at concentrations &gt;1000 mg/L in aquatic exposures, products formed by intensive ultraviolet (UV) degradation resulted in multiple-order of magnitude increases in toxicity. A methylated congener of NQ, 1-methyl-3-nitroguanidine (MeNQ), is also being assessed for potential use in insensitive munition explosive formulations; therefore, the present study investigated the hazard of parent versus UV-degraded MeNQ using fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Although up to 716 mg/L parent MeNQ caused no significant mortality or effects on growth in larval P. promelas fish in 7-d exposures, a similar concentration of MeNQ subjected to UV treatment resulted in 85% mortality. The UV treatment degraded only 3.3% of the MeNQ (5800 mg/L stock, UV-treated for 6 h), indicating that MeNQ degradation products have potentially high toxicity. The parent MeNQ exposure caused significantly decreased transcriptional expression of genes within the significantly enriched insulin metabolic pathway, suggesting antagonism of bioenergetics pathways, which complements observed, although nonsignificant, decreases in body weight. Significant differential transcriptional expression in the UV-degraded MeNQ treatments resulted in significant enrichment of pathways and functions related to the cell cycle, as well as erythrocyte function involved in O2/CO2 exchange. These functions represent potential mechanistic sources of increased toxicity observed in the UV-degraded MeNQ exposures, which are distinct from previously observed mechanisms underlying increased toxicity of UV-degraded NQ in fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:612–622. © 2019 SETAC
Gaussian processes for daily demand prediction in tourism planning
Authors: Tsang Wai Kit , Benoit Dries F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study proposes Gaussian processes to forecast daily hotel occupancy at a city level. Unlike other studies in the tourism demand prediction literature, the hotel occupancy rate is predicted on a daily basis and 45 days ahead of time using online hotel room price data. A predictive framework is introduced that highlights feature extraction and selection of the independent variables. This approach shows that the dependence on internal hotel occupancy data can be removed by making use of a proxy measure for hotel occupancy rate at a city level. Six forecasting methods are investigated, including linear regression, autoregressive integrated moving average and recent machine learning methods. The results indicate that Gaussian processes offer the best tradeoff between accuracy and interpretation by providing prediction intervals in addition to point forecasts. It is shown how the proposed framework improves managerial decision making in tourism planning.
The Rise of Transportation Electrification
Authors: DeCotis Paul A. 
Published: December 2019

In the United States, where transportation accounts for 29 percent of total energy use per year, the country is witnessing a slow but steady shift from gasoline and diesel fuel to electricity—with electric vehicles (EVs) now forecast to become 11 percent of all passenger vehicle sales by 2025, and 55 percent by 2040. At this rate, the sector is expected to reach a $567 billion market size by 2026—a nearly $500 billion increase from 2017. Signs of this growth abound, from the many Teslas, Chevrolet Bolts, and Nissan Leafs on the roads to the charging stations sprouting up in public and commercial parking lots. Most automakers are planning for EVs to eclipse conventional vehicle manufacturing within the decade.
Downregulated microRNA‐150 upregulates IRX1 to depress proliferation, migration, and invasion, but boost apoptosis of gastric cancer cells
Authors: Wu Di , Li Zhiling , Zhao Shangping , Yang Bingchang , Liu Zuoliang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveMany studies have reported the correlation of microRNAs (miRNAs) with cancers, yet few have proposed the function of miR‐150 in gastric cancer. This study intends to discuss the role of miR‐150 in gastric cancer development by regulating IRX1.MethodsGastric cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were collected. MiR‐150‐3p, IRX1, CXCL14, and NF‐κB (p65) expressions were detected. Gastric cancer cell lines SNU‐1 and MKN‐45 were used for subsequent cellular experiments. Cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution in SNU‐1 and MKN‐45 cells were determined via gain‐of and loss‐of‐function assays. The tumor growth in nude mice was also detected.ResultsMiR‐150, CXCL14, and NF‐κB (p65) were upregulated and IRX1 was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and cells. CXCL14 and NF‐κB (p65) expression was positively related to miR‐150 expression and negatively to IRX1 expression. MiR‐150 inhibition and IRX1 overexpression in SNU‐1 cells restricted viability, colony formation, migration, and invasion abilities, but boosted apoptosis of gastric cancer cells in vitro, and also repressed tumor growth in vivo. These results could be reversed by miR‐150 elevation and IRX1 silencing, and the results from in vivo and in vitro experiments were consistent.ConclusionOur study reveals that miR‐150 downregulation restrains proliferation, migration, and invasion, while facilitating apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by upregulating IRX1.
Graphene oxide‐based nanomaterial interaction with human breast cancer cells
Authors: Ribeiro Beatriz F.M. , Souza Marcelo M. , Fernandes Daniela S. , do Carmo Devaney R. , Machado‐Santelli Glaucia M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGraphene and graphene‐based nanomaterials have great potential for various biomedical applications due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, how graphene‐based nanomaterials interact with biological systems has not been thoroughly studied. This study shows that 24, 48, and 72 hr exposure of 2.4 μg/cm2 of graphene oxide (GOX) and GOX modified with DAB‐AM‐16 and PAMAM dendrimers (GOXD and GOXP, respectively) did not exhibit toxicity to MCF‐7 cells. However, higher graphene concentrations, such as 24 and 48 μg/cm2, induced low cytotoxic effects. The GOX, GOXD, and GOXP particles have a strong affinity with the cellular membrane. Cells that internalized the nanomaterials presented morphological alterations and modifications in the organization of microfilaments and microtubules compared with control cells. Then, cells were treated with 24 μg/cm2 of GOX, GOXD or GOXP for 24 hr and recovered for an additional period of 24 hr in normal medium. Nanoparticles remained in the cytoplasm of some cells, apparently with no effect on cellular morphology, being consistent with the data found in the cell proliferation experiment, which showed that the cells remained alive up to 72 hr.
Effects of copper‐impregnated collagen implants on local pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory and regenerative tissue reactions following implantation in rats
Authors: Hoene Andreas , Lucke Silke , Walschus Uwe , Hackbarth Christine , Prinz Cornelia , Evert Friedrich‐Karl , Neumann Hans‐Georg , Schlosser Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCombining collagen, an established regenerative biomaterial, and copper (Cu) with its known antibacterial and angiogenic effects could improve wound healing. However, Cu is also cytotoxic. Thus, this study aimed at examining the tissue reactions after simultaneous intramuscular implantation of collagen discs either without Cu (controls) or impregnated in 2, 20, or 200 mmol/L Cu acetate in 24 rats. After 7, 14, and 56 days, implants with peri‐implant tissue were retrieved from 8 rats/day for immunohistochemical detection of CD68+ monocytes/macrophages and CD163+ macrophages, MHC‐II+ cells, T lymphocytes and nestin as tissue regeneration marker. CD68+ monocytes/macrophages around implants increased with Cu amount but decreased over time except for the highest Cu amount, while CD163+ macrophages increased over time around and within implants. MHC‐II+ cells were similar to CD68+ monocytes/macrophages. T lymphocyte numbers around implants were higher for Cu‐impregnated samples vs. controls on day 7 and highest on day 14, but declined afterwards. Nestin expression around and within implants was largely unaffected by Cu. In conclusion, pro‐inflammatory reactions around implants were dose‐dependently influenced by Cu but mostly decreased over time, while Cu did not negatively affect anti‐inflammatory and regenerative reactions. These results suggest that Cu‐impregnated collagen could be beneficial in wound treatment.
Slc22a5 haploinsufficiency does not aggravate the phenotype of the long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase KO mouse
Authors: Ranea‐Robles Pablo , Yu Chunli , van Vlies Naomi , Vaz Frédéric M. , Houten Sander M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSecondary carnitine deficiency is commonly observed in inherited metabolic diseases characterised by the accumulation of acylcarnitines such as mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorders. It is currently unclear if carnitine deficiency and/or acylcarnitine accumulation play a role in the pathophysiology of FAO disorders. The long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) KO mouse is a model for long‐chain FAO disorders and is characterised by decreased levels of tissue and plasma free carnitine. Tissue levels of carnitine are controlled by SLC22A5, the plasmalemmal carnitine transporter. Here, we have further decreased carnitine availability in the LCAD KO mouse through a genetic intervention by introducing one defective Slc22a5 allele (jvs). Slc22a5 haploinsufficiency decreased free carnitine levels in liver, kidney, and heart of LCAD KO animals. The resulting decrease in the tissue long‐chain acylcarnitines levels had a similar magnitude as the decrease in free carnitine. Levels of cardiac deoxycarnitine, a carnitine biosynthesis intermediate, were elevated due to Slc22a5 haploinsufficiency in LCAD KO mice. A similar increase in heart and muscle deoxycarnitine was observed in an independent experiment using Slc22a5jvs/jvs mice. Cardiac hypertrophy, fasting‐induced hypoglycemia and increased liver weight, the major phenotypes of the LCAD KO mouse, were not affected by Slc22a5 haploinsufficiency. This may suggest that secondary carnitine deficiency does not play a major role in the pathophysiology of these phenotypes. Similarly, our data do not support a major role for toxicity of long‐chain acylcarnitines in the phenotype of the LCAD KO mouse.
A galactose‐1‐phosphate uridylyltransferase‐null rat model of classic galactosemia mimics relevant patient outcomes and reveals tissue‐specific and longitudinal differences in galactose metabolism
Authors: Rasmussen Shauna A. , Daenzer Jennifer M. I. , MacWilliams Jessica A. , Head S. Taylor , Williams Martine B. , Geurts Aron M. , Schroeder Jason P. , Weinshenker David , Fridovich‐Keil Judith L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractClassic galactosemia (CG) is a potentially lethal inborn error of metabolism, if untreated, that results from profound deficiency of galactose‐1‐phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT), the middle enzyme of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism. While newborn screening and rapid dietary restriction of galactose prevent or resolve the potentially lethal acute symptoms of CG, by mid‐childhood, most treated patients experience significant complications. The mechanisms underlying these long‐term deficits remain unclear. Here we introduce a new GALT‐null rat model of CG and demonstrate that these rats display cataracts, cognitive, motor, and growth phenotypes reminiscent of patients outcomes. We further apply the GALT‐null rats to test how well blood biomarkers, typically followed in patients, reflect metabolic perturbations in other, more relevant tissues. Our results document that the relative levels of galactose metabolites seen in GALT deficiency differ widely by tissue and age, and that red blood cell Gal‐1P, the marker most commonly followed in patients, shows no significant association with Gal‐1P in other tissues. The work reported here establishes our outbred GALT‐null rats as an effective model for at least four complications characteristic of CG, and sets the stage for future studies addressing mechanism and testing the efficacy of novel candidate interventions.
Manual vs automated 68Ga‐radiolabelling—A comparison of optimized processes
Authors: Meisenheimer Michael , Kürpig Stefan , Essler Markus , Eppard Elisabeth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA critical factor for clinical practice is the production of 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals manufactured manually or through an automated procedure. 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals are often prepared manually, although this method can lead to an increased operator's radiation dose and potential variability within production. The present work compares 68Ga‐radiolabelling (PSMA‐11; DOTA‐TOC) utilizing a cassette module (GAIA; Elysia‐Raytest; Germany) with a manual setup for routine clinical production with regard to process reliability and reproducibility.
Relationship between Antarctic Oscillation and the genesis activity of the yearly latest tropical cyclone in the western North Pacific
Authors: Choi Jae‐Won , Wang Bin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe find a significant negative correlation between the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and the genesis longitude of the last TC of the year (hereafter the last TC) in the western North Pacific (WNP). We also find that the mean longitude of the last TC genesis has experienced a significant westward shift since 1997–1998. That means both a positive AAO phase and AAO phase of the recent epoch (1998–2015) favour the last TC occurring more frequently in the western part of the WNP. Thus, we compared the differences between the positive and negative AAO phases on interannual time scale and the epochal differences between the 1998–2015 and 1983–1997 periods to find the common factors responsible for the more frequent occurrence of the last TCs in the western WNP. The common differences in the 850 hPa stream flows reveal that an anomalous cyclone occurs in the South Indian Ocean, whereas an anomalous anticyclone appears in the WNP. The anomalous northerlies from the Southern Indian Ocean anomalous cyclone move northward, enhancing the cross‐equatorial flows and associated westerlies. The enhanced anomalous westerlies extend eastward and meet the anomalous easterlies originated from the WNP anomalous anticyclone at the South China Sea (SCS). As a result, the anomalous cyclones are strengthened in the SCS and around the Philippines. Further analysis of the differences in the outgoing longwave radiation, 850 hPa relative vorticity, 200–850 hPa vertical wind shear, sea surface temperature, horizontal divergence, 500 hPa omega and velocity potential and divergent winds between the two phases and the two epochs confirm that favourable environments for generation of the last TC take place in the western WNP during the positive AAO phase and in the 1998–2015 epoch.
In situ ripening stages monitoring of Lamuyo pepper using a new‐generation near‐infrared spectroscopy sensor
Authors: Sánchez María‐Teresa , Pintado Carlos , de la Haba María‐José , Torres Irina , García Manuel , Pérez‐Marín Dolores 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNear‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used as a nondestructive sensor to assess the quality of freshly harvested Lamuyo peppers. One hundred and forty‐four Lamuyo peppers, which were in a range of colors (green, chocolate, orange, and red) when harvested, were analyzed. In this study, the evolution of the main quality parameters during the harvest period was analyzed. Additionally, NIRS predictive models using a portable manual spectrophotometer to evaluate quality parameters together with color index were developed. Moreover, two procedures for taking near‐infrared spectra were tested: (1) static, where point spectral readings were taken of around the equator of the fruit; (2) dynamic, where spectra were taken by scanning the entire length of the pepper.RESULTSGreen peppers and those harvested at the beginning of the campaign presented significantly lower values (P < 0.05) of dry matter, soluble solid contents, and titratable acidity, whereas those with red coloration and those harvested at the end of the campaign showed significantly higher values of these three quality parameters (P < 0.05). The predictive capacity of the NIRS models showed that the static mode proved to be the most suitable for measuring the quality of Lamuyo peppers.CONCLUSIONSThe viability of NIRS for measuring dry matter content and soluble solid contents in situ, using a new‐generation NIRS sensor, was demonstrated. However, the high water content, the irregular shape of the fruit, and the fact that it is hollow inside all point to the need for using larger samples sets so as to increase the robustness of the models obtained. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Appropriate medical management of chronic rhinosinusitis reduces use of antibiotics and oral corticosteroids
Authors: Speth Marlene M. , Phillips Katie M. , Hoehle Lloyd P. , Caradonna David S. , Gray Stacey T. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives/HypothesisAntibiotics and oral corticosteroids are used in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis (AECRS) and reflect poor disease control. We sought to characterize utilization of these systemic medications after appropriate medical management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsOne hundred fifty patients undergoing medical management for CRS were studied. Data were collected at enrollment and follow‐up 3 to 12 months later. All patients were asked to report the number of CRS‐related antibiotics and oral corticosteroids used in the last 3 months. CRS symptom burden was measured using the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22). Associations were sought between CRS‐related antibiotics and oral corticosteroids use at follow‐up compared to enrollment.ResultsFrom enrollment to follow‐up, the mean number of CRS‐related antibiotics courses used decreased by 0.2 courses (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1–0.4, P = .012), and the mean number of CRS‐related oral corticosteroid courses used also decreased by 0.2 courses (95% CI: 0.1–0.3, P = .029). The number of CRS‐related antibiotics used at follow‐up was associated with CRS‐related antibiotic use at enrollment (adjusted rate ratio [RR] = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.17–2.13, P = .003). The number of CRS‐related oral corticosteroids used at follow‐up was associated with reported CRS‐related oral corticosteroid use at enrollment (adjusted RR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.69–6.07, P < .001). SNOT‐22 results at enrollment were also not predictive of future systemic medication use.ConclusionsAppropriate medical management of CRS is associated with decreased use of oral antibiotics and corticosteroids. Previous utilization of antibiotics and oral corticosteroids for CRS is associated with future use of these medications.Level of Evidence2c Laryngoscope, 2019
Magnesium addition in copper‐chromium alloys: The refinement of aging precipitates and improvement on mechanical properties
Authors: Wu S.J. , Wang J.F. , Chen H.M. , Wang H. , Zhang J.B. , Yang B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate the synthesis of copper‐chromium and copper‐ chromium‐magnesium alloys by melting and casting process and explore the effect of the magnesium addition on mechanical and electrical properties of the alloys. This article focuses on the variation of the precipitation sequence and the decrease of strengthening phase sizes induced by the addition of trace magnesium element. The results show that magnesium element has little effect on the hardness of copper‐chromium alloy, but it significantly improves the hardness of the aging alloy and maintains high conductivity. The addition of magnesium element inhibits the growth and structural transformation of the precipitated phase. The refinement impact of magnesium addition on precipitated phase and change in alloy precipitation sequence may be the main reasons for the high hardness of copper‐chromium‐ magnesium alloy. In addition, the magnesium addition shows a significant refinement effect on small size precipitation phase, but it does not present the same refinement effect on large size precipitation phase. This attributes to the presence of a semi‐coherent interface between the matrix and the large size of precipitates, which provides the dislocation‐based diffusion channels for high‐rate chromium diffusion and promotes the precipitate growth.
Fatigue properties of self‐piercing riveted multi‐rivet joints in steel and aluminum sheets
Authors: Du G. , Xing Y. , Li X. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSelf‐piercing riveting (SPR) is an important joining technology for connecting steel and aluminum sheets. In this paper, AA6111 aluminum alloy and DP780 high‐strength steel were adopted to study the influence of fatigue on remaining static strength and energy absorption properties on self‐piercing riveting multi‐rivet joints. The results showed that energy absorption capacity of the specimens decreased significantly after high cycle fatigue. Fatigue reduced the remaining static lap shear strength of riveted specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the cross section of fatigue specimens fractured by static tension. The results showed that fretting wear was found at the contact area between rivet and aluminum sheets. Fatigue bands and fatigue cracks appeared in fatigue specimens after high cycle fatigue, while those with low cycle fatigue specimens did not appear. Small cracks weaken the strength of the aluminum sheet, resulting in the static tensile strength of the riveted specimen with high cycle fatigue is lower than that of other fatigue specimens.
Pressure dependence of reference deep‐ocean thermometers
Authors: Joung Wukchul , Gam Keesool , Pearce Jonathan V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, the pressure dependence of the temperature readings of reference deep‐ocean thermometers (i.e. SBE 35, Sea‐Bird Electronics) was investigated in a thermostatically controlled and pressurized environment. To this end, a deep‐ocean environment emulator was constructed to reproduce the extremely stable temperature and high‐pressure nature of the deep ocean; it consisted of a pressure vessel, a pressure controller and a thermostatic water bath. With the aid of this emulator, the pressure effect on three SBE 35 thermometers was investigated at various hydrostatic pressures from atmospheric pressure to 68 MPa, equivalent to the pressure at a depth of 6,800 m. In addition, the effect of external thermal disturbances was corrected by measuring the real‐time temperature variation around the SBE 35 thermometer in order to achieve the highest possible accuracy. From extensive testing of the pressure dependence of the temperature readings of the three SBE 35 thermometers, it was found that two of the three thermometers exhibited clear and repeatable pressure dependences, although the respective tendencies were different from each other. The third thermometer showed no repeatable pressure dependence. All the measured pressure dependences of the three thermometers amounted to changes which were within ±1 mK. The results indicated that the pressure dependence of these reference deep‐ocean thermometers is significant, and the pressure dependence is not the same for all SBE 35 devices but specific to each individual device. It was concluded that the pressure dependence of the individual reference deep‐ocean thermometers needs to be accounted for during calibration.