bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimum standards for reporting outcomes of surgery in urogynaecology
Authors: Toozs-Hobson Philip , Bach Fiona , Daly J. Oliver , Klarskov Niels 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The IUGA special interest group (SIG) identified a need for a minimum data set (MDS) to inform outcome measurements to be included and simplify data capture and standardise reporting for data collection systems. To define a minimum data set for urogynaecological surgical registries.

Methods
Existing registries provide an inventory of items. A modified Delphi approach was used to identify a MDS. At each stage reviewers ranked data points and used free text to comment. The rating used a scale of 0–10 at each review and a traffic light system rated the scores as desirable, highly desirable and mandatory. The scores were collated and reported back to clinicians prior to the further rounds. Outliers were highlighted and reviewers re-assessed prior to repeating the process. A comparison of the MDS was made with published outcomes.

Results
Reviewers were from the outcome SIG with emphasis on widespread representation. Fifteen clinicians from eight countries were involved. Four reviewers dissected the existing databases. Eighty data points were considered in four categories, background, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. Consensus was reached by the third round. Two points were added on review (date of surgery and urodynamics). Three background points, five preoperative points, seven intraoperative points and nine postoperative points were identified giving 24 minimum data points in the final recommendation.

Conclusions
An MDS has been developed for urogynaecological surgical registries. These should be mandatory points which then allow larger varying points to be assessed. These points correspond well to data points used in published papers from established databases.
Glassforming Liquids, Amorphous and Semicrystalline Polymers: Exploring their Energy Landscape and Dynamical Heterogeneity by Multi-frequency High-Field EPR
Authors: Bercu Vasile , Massa Carlo Andrea , Pizzanelli Silvia , Pardi Luca , Leporini Dino , Martinelli Massimo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe review past and recent work carried out on viscous liquids, amorphous and semicrystalline polymers by multifrequency high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (HF-EPR) facility in Pisa. The emphasis is on the enhanced ability to provide fine details of the reorientation process of the paramagnetic guest, the spin probe, revealing features driving the dynamics of the host system, including the energy-barrier distribution of glassy polymers, the dynamical heterogeneity of semicrystalline polymers, and the dynamical changes occurring at the critical temperature predicted by the ideal mode-coupling theory.
Unexpected photosensitivity of the well-characterized heme enzyme chlorite dismutase
Authors: Mahor Durga , Püschmann Julia , Adema Diederik R. , Strampraad Marc J. F. , Hagedoorn Peter-Leon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChlorite dismutase is a heme enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the toxic compound ClO2−(chlorite) to innocuous Cl−and O2. The reaction is a very rare case of enzymatic O–O bond formation, which has sparked the interest to elucidate the reaction mechanism using pre-steady-state kinetics. During stopped-flow experiments, spectroscopic and structural changes of the enzyme were observed in the absence of a substrate in the time range from milliseconds to minutes. These effects are a consequence of illumination with UV–visible light during the stopped-flow experiment. The changes in the UV–visible spectrum in the initial 200 s of the reaction indicate a possible involvement of a ferric superoxide/ferrous oxo or ferric hydroxide intermediate during the photochemical inactivation. Observed EPR spectral changes after 30 min reaction time indicate the loss of the heme and release of iron during the process. During prolonged illumination, the oligomeric state of the enzyme changes from homo-pentameric to monomeric with subsequent protein precipitation. Understanding the effects of UV–visible light illumination induced changes of chlorite dismutase will help us to understand the nature and mechanism of photosensitivity of heme enzymes in general. Furthermore, previously reported stopped-flow data of chlorite dismutase and potentially other heme enzymes will need to be re-evaluated in the context of the photosensitivity.Graphic abstractIllumination of recombinantly expressedAzospira oryzaeChlorite dismutase (AoCld) with a high-intensity light source, common in stopped-flow equipment, results in disruption of the bond between FeIIIand the axial histidine. This leads to the enzyme losing its heme cofactor and changing its oligomeric state as shown by spectroscopic changes and loss of activity.
On the Difference Between the Tensile Stiffness of Bulk and Slice Samples of Microstructured Materials
Authors: Glüge Rainer , Altenbach Holm , Mahmood Nasir , Beiner Mario 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany materials with a microstructure are statistically inhomogeneous, like casting skins in polymers or grain size gradients in polycrystals. It is desirable be able to account for the structural gradient. The first step is to measure the location dependent properties, for example by tensile testing of thin slices. Unfortunately, the slices properties can differ significantly from the bulk properties, since the slices lack a scale separation in one direction. For Polypropylen, we measured that Young’s modulus of the slices is approximately 70% of the respective bulk value. We have identified three significant effects, all making the slices appear softer than the bulk material:Load path confinement:The approximate plane stress forces the load path through a softer phase where in 3D-of-plane load distribution is possible.Free lateral straining:In thin slices, small regions can contract freely, while phases have to contract concurrently in the bulk. Therefore, when two phases have very different Poisson ratios, the bulk appears stiffer than a slice.Topological changes upon slicing:Interpenetrating phases in the bulk can show features of a matrix-inclusion-structure in the slices.We examine and quantify these effects in the linear elastic range for matrix-inclusion-structures and an interpenetrating-phase-structure. Some approaches on how the slice- vs bulk difference can be estimated are given.
Power in office: presidents, governments, and parliaments in the institutional design of contemporary democracies
Authors: Ieraci Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe institutional design of democratic regimes has attracted much attention from a legal and political perspective, because it affects the actual distribution of power among political actors and the effectiveness of their decisions. The article advances a classification of the democratic institutional design, with particular reference to the triangular interactions among Presidents, Governments, and Parliaments. Moving from the assumption that the arrangements among these three top political institutions identify the main patterns of the democratic government, the distinction among Parliamentary, Presidential, and Semi-Presidential systems set by the constitutional law is rejected and a new classification schema is advanced. In this new perspective, the institutional design of democracy consists of the institutional roles of authority, procedural resources attached to them and arenas of confrontation among the roles.
What influences PhD graduate trajectories during the degree: a research-based policy agenda
Authors: McAlpine Lynn , Castello Montserrat , Pyhaltö Kirsi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring the past two decades, PhD graduate numbers have increased dramatically with graduates viewed by governments as a means to advance the knowledge economy and international competitiveness. Concurrently, universities have also invested in policies to monitor satisfaction, retention, and timely completion—and researchers have expanded the study of PhD experience. We, as such researchers, have increasingly received invitations from university decision-makers to present research evidence which might guide their doctoral programs. Their interest provoked us to do a qualitative systematized review of research on doctoral experience—seeking evidence of practices that influenced retention, satisfaction, and completion. The result contributes a synthesis of the critical research evidence that could be used to inform doctoral education policy. We also demonstrate the possibilities of such evidence by suggesting some potential recommendations, while recognizing that there is no direct relationship between research results and their transformation into particular institutional contexts in ways that enhance doctoral experience. We hope our initiative will be taken up and extended by other researchers, particularly the research gaps we note, so we can collectively support the use of research evidence to influence both doctoral policies and practices—with the goal to better prepare PhD researchers for their futures and better support their supervisors.
Feature Extraction for Medical CT Images of Sports Tear Injury
Authors: Nie Qi , Zou Ye-bing , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnalysis of medical CT images directly affects the accuracy of clinical case diagnosis. Therefore, feature extraction problem of medical CT images is extremely important. A feature extraction algorithm for medical CT images of sports tear injury is proposed. First, CT images are decomposed into a low frequency component and a series of high frequency components in different directions by wavelet fast decomposition method. The high- and low-frequency information of CT images is enhanced by wavelet layered multi-directional image enhancement algorithm, and the multi-scale enhancement for medical CT images of sports tear injury is completed. Then, edge of the enhanced CT images is extracted using an image edge extraction algorithm based on extended mathematical morphology. Finally, based on the extracted edge information of CT images, feature extraction for medical CT images of sports tear injury is completed by the NSCT-GLCM based CT image feature extraction algorithm. Research results show that the proposed algorithm effectively extracts CT image features of sports tear injury and provides auxiliary information for doctor diagnosis.
A validation study of the CarerQol instrument in informal caregivers of people with dementia from eight European countries
Authors:   the Actifcare Consortium, Voormolen Daphne C. , van Exel Job , Brouwer Werner , Sköldunger Anders , Gonçalves-Pereira Manuel , Irving Kate , Bieber Anja , Selbaek Geir , Woods Bob , Zanetti Orazio , Verhey Frans , Wimo Anders , Handels Ron L. H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Informal care constitutes an important part of the total care for people with dementia. Therefore, the impact of the syndrome on their caregivers as well as that of health and social care services for people with dementia should be considered. This study investigated the convergent and clinical validity of the CarerQol instrument, which measures and values the impact of providing informal care, in a multi-country sample of caregivers for people with dementia.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from a sample of 451 respondents in eight European countries, collected by the Actifcare project, were evaluated. Convergent validity was analysed with Spearman’s correlation coefficients and multivariate correlations between the CarerQol-7D utility score and dimension scores, and other similar quality of life measures such as CarerQol-VAS, ICECAP-O, and EQ-5D. Clinical validity was evaluated by bivariate and multivariate analyses of the degree to which the CarerQol instrument can differentiate between characteristics of caregivers, care receivers and caregiving situation. Country dummies were added to test CarerQol score differences between countries.

Results
The mean CarerQol utility score was 77.6 and varied across countries from 74.3 (Italy) to 82.3 (Norway). The scores showed moderate to strong positive correlations with the CarerQol-VAS, ICECAP-O, and EQ-5D health problems score of the caregiver. Multivariate regression analysis showed that various characteristics of the caregiver, care receiver and caregiving situation were associated with caregiver outcomes, but there was no evidence of a country-level effect.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the convergent and clinical validity of the CarerQol instrument to evaluate the impact of providing informal care for people with dementia.
The BepiColombo–Mio Magnetometer en Route to Mercury
Authors: Baumjohann W. , Matsuoka A. , Narita Y. , Magnes W. , Heyner D. , Glassmeier K.-H. , Nakamura R. , Fischer D. , Plaschke F. , Volwerk M. , Zhang T. L. , Auster H.-U. , Richter I. , Balogh A. , Carr C. M. , Dougherty M. , Horbury T. S. , Tsunakawa H. , Matsushima M. , Shinohara M. , Shibuya H. , Nakagawa T. , Hoshino M. , Tanaka Y. , Anderson B. J. , Russell C. T. , Motschmann U. , Takahashi F. , Fujimoto A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe fluxgate magnetometer MGF on board the Mio spacecraft of the BepiColombo mission is introduced with its science targets, instrument design, calibration report, and scientific expectations. The MGF instrument consists of two tri-axial fluxgate magnetometers. Both sensors are mounted on a 4.8-m long mast to measure the magnetic field around Mercury at distances from near surface (initial peri-center altitude is 590 km) to 6 planetary radii (11640 km). The two sensors of MGF are operated in a fully redundant way, each with its own electronics, data processing and power supply units. The MGF instrument samples the magnetic field at a rate of up to 128 Hz to reveal rapidly-evolving magnetospheric dynamics, among them magnetic reconnection causing substorm-like disturbances, field-aligned currents, and ultra-low-frequency waves. The high time resolution of MGF is also helpful to study solar wind processes (through measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field) in the inner heliosphere. The MGF instrument firmly corroborates measurements of its companion, the MPO magnetometer, by performing multi-point observations to determine the planetary internal field at higher multi-pole orders and to separate temporal fluctuations from spatial variations.
Near-infrared Spectroscopy and Hyperspectral Imaging for Sugar Content Evaluation in Potatoes over Multiple Growing Seasons
Authors: Rady Ahmed M , Guyer Daniel E , Watson Nicholas J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSugar content is one of the most important properties of potato tubers as it directly affects their processing and the final product quality, especially for fried products. In this study, data obtained from spectroscopic (interactance and reflectance) and hyperspectral imaging systems were used individually or fused to develop non-cultivar nor growing season-specific regression and classification models for potato tubers based on glucose and sucrose concentration. Data was acquired over three growing seasons for two potato cultivars. The most influential wavelengths were selected from the imaging systems using interval partial least squares for regression and sequential forward selection for classification. Hyperspectral imaging showed the highest regression performance for glucose with a correlation coefficient (ratio of performance to deviation) or r(RPD) of 91.8(2.41) which increased to 94%(2.91) when the data was fused with the interactance data. The sucrose regression results had the highest accuracy using data obtained from the interactance system with r(RPD) values of 74.5%(1.40) that increased to 84.4%(1.82) when the data was fused with the reflectance data. Classification was performed to identify tubers with either high or low sugar content. Classification performance showed accuracy values as high as 95% for glucose and 80.1% for sucrose using hyperspectral imaging, with no noticeable improvement when data was fused from the other spectroscopic systems. When testing the robustness of the developed models over different seasons, it was found that the regression models had r(RPD) values of 55(1.19)–90.3%(2.34) for glucose and 35.8(1.07)–82.2%(1.29) for sucrose. Results obtained in this study demonstrate the feasibility of developing a rapid monitoring system using multispectral imaging and data fusion methods for online evaluation of potato sugar content.
Distribution of aquifer characteristics in different geomorphologic units in a granitic terrain
Authors: Dhakate Ratnakar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Knowledge of aquifer characteristics is essential for groundwater development and management studies. Detailed hydrological studies were carried out in a granitic terrain consisting of different geomorphologic units to resolve the coverage, performance, and characteristics of the aquifer parameters through the application of the pumping test method. An interpretation was performed by different methods, viz., Theis, Jacob, Hantush, and Rushton and Redshaw (numerical finite difference method) to ascertain the aquifer parameters. These parameters are vital for future groundwater development and management studies. Transmissivity (T) values estimated by Theis method range from 3.83 to 436 m2/day; 3.77 to 718 m2/day; and 16 to 160 m2/day, by Jacob method it ranges from 3.90 to 436 m2/day; 3.73 to 769 m2/day; and 17.3 to 152 m2/day, by Hantush method it ranges from 1.63 to 189 m2/day; 0.53 to 755 m2/day; and 19.3 to 118 m2/day, while by numerical method it ranges from 3 to 455 m2/day, 3 to 700 m2/day, and 17 to 148 m2/day in pediplain with moderate weathering (PPM), pediplain with shallow weathering (PPS), and buried pediplain with shallow weathering (BPPS) geomorphologic units, respectively. Similarly, a radius of influences ranges from 9.75 to 1391.0 m; 8.0 to 698.09 m, and 380.78 to 433.76 m in PPS, PPM, and BPPS geomorphologic units, respectively. The aquifer parameters obtained by the pumping tests were correlated with the structural features and different geomorphologic units. It was found that these parameters have wide variations within each geomorphologic feature. The radius of influence of each test well was calculated and compared with the in situ measured discharge of various wells within the area. The high values of transmissivity (T) are attributed to aquifer controlled by fractured zone in the area.
Influence factors and effect prediction model of the tertiary migrations of remaining oil
Authors: Zhang Rongda , Yang Guanghui , Ma Kang , Song Zhichao , Li Junjian , Jiang Hanqiao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWorldwide, for older fields that are in the late stages of production period, production wells that lose production value due to high water cut are usually shut down. In this situation, the remaining oil in the reservoir will be re-enriched under the influence of gravity differentiation and capillary forces. Production practices find when the production well is closed for a long time and then opened for restarting production, the water cut drops dramatically and the output rise sharply. In order to anticipate the effects of enrichment of remaining oil in the reservoir, this paper analyzes 10 influencing factors respectively. Secondly, change of water cut before and after shut-in is used as the evaluation index of residual oil enrichment effect. Numerical simulation method is used to simulate the influence of different factors on the effect of external migrations of remaining oil at different levels. Grey correlation analysis is utilized to rank the correlation of 10 factors on residual oil enrichment and then we can get the main controlling factors affecting residual oil enrichment. Finally, the response surface analysis method is used to establish a 5-factor 3-level model, and the corresponding prediction results are obtained through numerical simulation experiments. The main control factors are fitted to obtain the prediction formula of the remaining oil enrichment effect. As a result, we can use the prediction formula to forecast the enrichment effect of remaining oil under different reservoir parameters.
Blood Management in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty for Metal-on-Metal Devices: The Efficiency of an Intraoperative Cell Salvage System
Authors: Maurer-Ertl Werner , Fellner Andreas , Reinbacher Patrick , Maier Michael , Leithner Andreas , Friesenbichler Joerg 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of this series was to investigate the efficiency of an intraoperative cell salvage system (ICS) removing metal ions during revision of metal-on-metal (MoM) devices to proof the possibility of re-transfusion of the collected blood.

Materials and methods
Between 2014 and 2018, five consecutive patients underwent revision surgery of their MoM total hip arthroplasty due to wear of the polyethylene-metal sandwich inlay or local massive metallosis with aseptic loosing of the cup. Aspiration of joint fluid of all hip prostheses was done and blood was taken to measure the metal ion concentrations, preoperatively. Perioperatively, blood was collected using an ICS before and after filtration and analyzed for Co and Cr concentrations. At that time, there was no re-transfusion of the collected and filtrated blood due to unknown metal ion concentrations.

Results
The mean preoperative serum Co and Cr concentrations in the blood were 31.28 μg/L (range 0.22–77.47) and 17.33 μg/L (range 0.59–51.31), whereas the mean local concentrations in the aspiration fluid were 728-fold and 822-fold higher. The Co and Cr concentrations measured in the collected blood before filtration were 70.61 μg/L (range 9.40–173.00) and 337.21 μg/L (range 8.76–1383.0) and decreased markedly to average concentrations of 15.49 μg/L and 41.88 μg/L, respectively. These differences were statistically not significant (Co: p = 0.117, Cr: p = 0.175), although the mean reduction rates were 78% and 88% for Co and Cr, respectively.

Conclusion
The current series showed that in case of revision of MoM hip devices, metal ions are still contained in the collected blood following filtration using a modern high-level ICS. Therefore, we would only recommend blood re-transfusion in case of low preoperative Co and Cr concentrations and sufficient renal function to warrant patients’ safety.