bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dengue hepatitis with acute liver failure: Clinical, biochemical, histopathological characteristics and predictors of outcome
Authors: Devarbhavi Harshad , Ganga Deepak , Menon Mahesh , Kothari Ksheetij , Singh Rajvir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis infection from non‐hepatotropic viruses such as dengue virus (DENV) is increasing worldwide. There is increasing recognition of the changing epidemiology and atypical presentations of DENV infection including acute liver failure (ALF). There is paucity of data regarding incidence, disease characteristics, and markers of prognosis in patients who develop DENV‐related ALF.MethodsWe aimed to study the incidence, clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and determinants of outcome in patients of DENV presenting with ALF. We reviewed all patients with DENV infection and focused on DENV‐related ALF from 2014 to 2017. Diagnosis of DENV and ALF was confirmed by serological tests and standard criteria, respectively.ResultsThirty‐six patients (20 men, mean age 32.3) developed ALF among 10 108 patients with DENV infection (0.35%). Twenty‐one patients died (58.3%). Although bilirubin, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, and international normalized ratio were markedly elevated in all patients with DENV ALF, there was no statistically significant difference between survivors and non‐survivors. Lactate levels, pH at admission, and model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score were the only predictors of mortality. Lactate levels were significantly higher in non‐survivors (11.5 ± 4.2 mmol/L) than survivors (6.3 ± 3.6 mmol/L) (P < 0.001). MELD score in non‐survivors (26.7 ± 10.2) was significantly higher than in survivors (20 ± 7.2) (P = 0.039). Receiver operator characteristic curve showed lactate or pH to be a superior prognostic marker than MELD with an area under the curve of 0.80, 0.79, and 0.70, respectively.ConclusionDengue hepatitis progressed to ALF in 0.35%. Development of ALF was associated with a high mortality (> 50%). Lactate level, pH, and MELD score at admission were significant determinants of outcome.
MiR‐342‐3p inhibition promotes cell proliferation and invasion by directly targeting ID4 in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Han Xiuhua , Niu Chuanzhen , Zuo Zhongli , Wang Yuanmin , Yao Lanlan , Sun Lili 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the miR‐342‐3p expression in pre‐eclampsia (PE) placentas and confirm whether miR‐342‐3p exerts effects on proliferation and migration of HTR‐8/SVneo trophoblastic cells.MethodsThe PE placentas (n = 8) were taken from gravidas complicated by PE and delivered after 34 weeks. The chorionic plates and the basal plates were separately taken from the placenta disc near the position of umbilical cord insertion. RT‐qPCR was used to measure the expression of miR‐342‐3p in the chorionic plates and the basal plates. Cell invasion assay and MMT assay were used to assess the effects of miR‐342‐3p on proliferation and migration of HTR‐8/SVneo trophoblastic cells. Luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting were used to analyze the target of miR‐342‐3p and investigate the detailed mechanisms.ResultsThe expression of miR‐342‐3p was upregulated in both basal plates and chorionic plates in patients with PE compared with healthy pregnant individuals. MiR‐342‐3p inhibitor suppressed the cell viability and invasion, and induced apoptosis in trophoblast cells. Furthermore, inhibitor of DNA binding (ID)‐4 (ID4) was a direct target of miR‐342‐3p, and knockdown of ID4 abrogated the regulation effect of miR‐342‐3p on cell viability, apoptosis and invasion.ConclusionInhibition of miR‐342‐3p expression may suppress the occurrence of PE by targeting ID4 in vitro.
Cross‐cultural Protective Effects of Neighborhood Collective Efficacy on Antisocial Behaviors: Mediating Role of Social Information Processing
Authors: Yoshizawa Hiroyuki , Yoshida Toshikazu , Park Hyun‐Jung , Nakajima Makoto , Ozeki Miki , Harada Chika 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStudies on the prevention of antisocial behavior in neighborhoods through efficacious social control have focused on collective efficacy as the theoretical mechanism by which children at the community level can be successfully socialized to develop an aversion to antisocial behaviors. We hypothesized that the effect of collective efficacy within communities on antisocial behaviors could be mediated by social‐information‐processing biases and tested the generality of these mediation effects for undergraduates (N = 929) in Japan, China, South Korea, and the United States, countries with widely varying cultures and political systems. Structural equation modeling revealed that the effects of collective efficacy on antisocial behaviors were perfectly mediated by social‐information‐processing biases. Findings also confirmed the generality of these mediational effects in all four countries investigated.
The modification of three vulnerability theories to assist nursing practice for school‐age children with severe asthma
Authors: Lack Sharon , Kinser Patricia A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeSevere asthma is an inflammatory illness associated with adverse health outcomes and behaviors in children, such as decreased quality of life, impaired sleep, and increased medical costs and morbidity.ConclusionsChildren with severe asthma frequently exhibit a cycle of health and behaviors which contribute to these adverse health outcomes, consisting of decreased physical activity, increased stress, and increased airway inflammation and asthma exacerbations. School‐age children, in particular, are a vulnerable population because they not only rely on others for their care but also suffer from a chronic illness and are at risk for unequal healthcare access and health outcomes.Practice ImplicationsCurrently, there is no one nursing theory that adequately addresses the vulnerability, cycle of health and behaviors, and adverse health outcomes of children with severe asthma. By integrating key concepts from three vulnerability theories and presenting a modified conceptual framework, this paper aims to demonstrate how the use of this new conceptual framework may assist nurses in evaluating the unique needs of school‐age children with severe asthma to provide best practices and develop appropriate interventions.
Nurse case management to improve the hepatitis C care continuum in HIV co‐infection: Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Starbird Laura E. , Budhathoki Chakra , Han Hae‐Ra , Sulkowski Mark S. , Reynolds Nancy R. , Farley Jason E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe opportunity to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) is at hand, but challenges remain that negatively influence progress through the care continuum, particularly for persons co‐infected with HIV who are not well engaged in care. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test the effect of nurse case management (NCM) on the HCV continuum among adults co‐infected with HIV compared to usual care (UC). Primary outcomes included linkage to HCV care (attendance at an HCV practice appointment within 60 days) and time to direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) initiation (censored at 6 months). Sixty‐eight participants were enrolled (NCM n = 35; UC n = 33). Participants were 81% Black/African American, 85% received Medicaid, 46% reported illicit drug use, 41% alcohol use, and 43% had an undetectable HIV viral load. At day 60, 47% of NCM participants linked to HCV care compared to 25% of UC participants (P = .031; 95% confidence bound for difference, 3.2%‐40.9%). Few participants initiated DAAs (12% NCM; 25% UC). There was no significant difference in mean time to treatment initiation (NCM = 86 days; UC = 110 days; P = .192). Engagement in HCV care across the continuum was associated with drinking alcohol, knowing someone who cured HCV and having a higher CD4 cell count (P < .05). Our results support provision of NCM as a successful strategy to link persons co‐infected with HIV to HCV care, but interventions should persist beyond linkage to care. Capitalizing on social networks, treatment pathways for patients who drink alcohol, and integrated substance use services may help improve the HCV care continuum.
Effects of intestinal alkaline phosphatase on intestinal barrier function in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced mouse model for sepsis
Authors: Plaeke Philip , De Man Joris G. , Smet Annemieke , Malhotra‐Kumar Surbhi , Pintelon Isabel , Timmermans Jean‐Pierre , Nullens Sara , Jorens Philippe G. , Hubens Guy , De Winter Benedicte Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is a severe pathological condition associated with systemic inflammation, intestinal inflammation, and gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) has been demonstrated to detoxify lipopolysaccharide, an important mediator in the pathophysiology of sepsis. We investigated the effect of treatment with IAP on intestinal permeability, intestinal inflammation, and bacterial translocation.MethodsOF‐1 mice were divided into 4 groups (n = 12/group), undergoing either a sham or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) procedure to induce sepsis. Mice received IAP or a vehicle intraperitoneally 5 minutes prior to the onset of the CLP or sham procedure, which was repeated every 12 hours for two consecutive days. After two days, in vivo intestinal permeability, intestinal inflammation, and bacterial translocation were determined.Key resultsCLP‐induced sepsis resulted in significantly more weight loss, worse clinical disease scores, bacterial translocation, and elevated inflammatory cytokines. Intestinal permeability was increased up to 5‐fold (P < .001). IAP activity was significantly increased in septic animals. Treatment with IAP had no effect on clinical outcomes but reduced the increased permeability of the small intestine by 50% (P = .005). This reduction in permeability was accompanied by a modified gene expression of claudin‐1 (P = .025), claudin‐14 (P = .035), and interleukin 12 (P = .015). A discriminant analysis showed that treatment with IAP is linked to modified mRNA levels of several tight junction proteins and cytokines.Conclusions and inferencesTreatment with IAP diminished CLP‐induced intestinal barrier disruption, associated with modified expression of several cytokines and claudins. Nevertheless, this effect did not translate into better clinical outcomes in our experimental setup.
Sexual desire and emotional reactivity in chronically hospitalized Lebanese patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Kazour Francois , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo study the level of emotional reactivity of Lebanese patients with schizophrenia who have a high level of sexual desire.Design/MethodsIt is a cross‐sectional study, enrolling 30 men and 30 women, between April and June 2017. The sexual behavior questionnaire (SBQ) was used to explore the desire, sexual arousal, orgasm, ejaculation, pleasure, and satisfaction with sexuality.FindingsA significantly higher mean emotional score, higher cognitive functioning score, higher motivation score, higher motor deficit score, higher sensory perception score, higher SBQ score, and higher emotional reactivity were found in patients who masturbate compared with those who did not.Practice ImplicationsAll these improvements in patients who masturbate might be associated with better social relations, which might improve patient integration in society.Key points

Sustained sexual activity of patients with schizophrenia is associated with improved emotional and cognitive functioning.
The same applies to higher levels of motivation, motor skills, and sensoriality.
Sustained sexual activity of patients who have schizophrenia would indicate a better prognosis of schizophrenia.
Challenges and strategies in communication with people with dementia and their informal caregivers in community pharmacies – a narrative approach
Authors: Heimerl Katharina , Pichler Barbara , Plunger Petra 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundPeople with dementia and their informal caregivers get in touch with the healthcare system predominantly via contacts with primary care providers. Among these, community pharmacists have been denominated as the health professionals most accessible to the public. Communication with and counselling people with dementia and their informal caregivers present particular challenges to pharmacists.AimThis study aims to research the challenges faced and strategies used by community pharmacists who deal with people living with dementia and their informal caregivers.MethodsWithin the context of two workshops with 74 participants, 15 small groups were formed, each of which generated and discussed a small story. Fourteen of those narratives were reported, tape recorded and transcribed. In these 14 narratives, community pharmacists reflected on their experiences with people with dementia or their informal caregivers. The narratives were systematically analysed and interpreted.FindingsAmong the main challenges reported by the workshop participants are the difficulty of identifying a person with dementia; the question of what appropriate communication is; the only partially successful networking with doctors, nursing personnel and support institutions; unsuccessful counselling; and the tension between the economic situation and the care for people with dementia and their informal caregivers. In general, strategies for dealing with people with dementia are characterised by uncertainty whereas communication with informal caregivers is well rehearsed and effective.ConclusionsCommunity pharmacies require possibilities to retreat for counselling as well as the possibility for pharmacists to take time for people with dementia and their informal caregivers in everyday pharmacy life. Reflective spaces for narrations about difficult situations provide relief for staff in community pharmacies.
The evolution of Zoraptera
Authors: Matsumura Yoko , Beutel Rolf G. , Rafael José A. , Yao Izumi , Câmara Josenir T. , Lima Sheila P. , Yoshizawa Kazunori 
Published: November 2019

AbstractZoraptera is one of the most enigmatic and least understood orders in insects. Based on a wide taxon sampling from all continents where the group is known, we applied a phylogenetic approach using multiple DNA sequences to elucidate species‐level relationships. The resulting phylogeny shows that Zoraptera is divided into three major clades, and that two comprise species distributed on different continents. The monophyly of these clades is at least partly supported by shared derived morphological features. The divergence age estimation and ancestral distribution area reconstruction suggest an ancient origin and early radiation initiated in the Permian. Plate tectonics theory suggests that the present distribution of Zoraptera was mainly established by vicariance, rather than dispersal. The three major clades probably originated on the Pangaea supercontinent, or alternatively on the linked Gondwana and Laurasia supercontinents. Their ancient origin explains previously found conspicuous interspecific variation of the genital apparatus, sperm structure and mating behaviour, in striking contrast to a highly conserved general body morphology. We compiled data of available reproductive features and reconstructed the character evolution. Our analyses revealed repeated acquisitions and/or losses of a hyperelongated intromittent organ, mating hooks and tergal protuberances.
Coaching to improve self‐directed learning
Authors: Wolff Margaret , Stojan Jennifer , Buckler Stacie , Cranford James , Whitman Laurie , Gruppen Larry , Santen Sally 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe continuously changing health care context necesitates that medical trainees develop self‐directed learning skills. This study examined the effect of coaching on the self‐directed learning process in pre‐clerkship medical students.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal educational intervention using standardised patient assessments to determine the effect of self‐assessment, feedback, and coaching on the development and implementation of learning goals (LGs). Students were sorted into control and intervention groups. Following each assessment, students received feedback on performance and created LGs. Students in the intervention group worked with a faculty member coach on their LGs. Students in the control group developed their LGs without a coach. Prior to the final assessment, students reported whether they had implemented their LGs.ResultsOf 171 students enrolled, 167 completed all four assessments and were included. All 167 developed an LG after each assessment. Overall, 79.0% of students reported implementing an LG. Of students receiving coaching, 91.8% implemented an LG, whereas only 65.9% of students in the control group implemented an LG (odds ratio, OR 5.7; 95% confidence interval, CI 2.4–14.2). Students who received coaching were more likely to incorporate performance feedback into their LGs (90.2 versus 38.1%; p < 0.05).ConclusionsFor students, faculty member coaching facilitated better LG development and more frequent implementation compared with students who did not receive coaching.
Histologic margins and the residual tumour classification scheme: Is it time to use a validated scheme in human oncology to standardise margin assessment in veterinary oncology?
Authors: Liptak Julius M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is no consensus on the definition of a complete histologic excision in veterinary oncology; many definitions have been used in various studies, but these have been arbitrarily selected with no apparent justification. The residual tumour classification scheme, where a complete histologic excision is defined as a histologic tumour‐free margin >0 mm, has been used for >40 years in human oncology by all of the major clinical staging organizations and is considered highly prognostic for the vast majority of malignant tumours in people. Because of the widespread use of the residual tumour classification scheme both clinically and in research studies, this standardized approach permits better communication between clinicians, an evidence‐based decision‐making process for adjuvant treatment options following surgical resection, minimizes exposing patients to unnecessary adjuvant treatments and a better ability to compare local tumour control for specific tumours between different studies. The adoption of the residual tumour classification scheme in veterinary oncology would likely achieve similar outcomes and minimize the prevalent confusion within the veterinary community, amongst both general practitioners and specialists, regarding the definition of what constitutes a complete histologic excision.
Tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in canine melanocytic tumours: An investigation on the prognostic role of CD3+ and CD20+ lymphocytic populations
Authors: Porcellato Ilaria , Silvestri Serenella , Menchetti Laura , Recupero Francesca , Mechelli Luca , Sforna Monica , Iussich Selina , Bongiovanni Laura , Lepri Elvio , Brachelente Chiara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe study of the immune response in several types of tumours has been rapidly increasing in recent years with the dual aim of understanding the interactions between neoplastic and immune cells and their importance in cancer pathogenesis and progression, as well as identifying targets for cancer immunotherapy. Despite being considered one of the most immunogenic tumour types, melanoma can progress in the presence of abundant lymphocytic infiltration, therefore suggesting that the immune response is not able to efficiently control tumour growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the density, distribution and grade of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in 97 canine melanocytic tumours is associated with histologic indicators of malignancy and can be considered a prognostic factor in the dog. As a further step in the characterization of the immune response in melanocytic tumours, an immunohistochemical investigation was performed to evaluate the two main populations of TILs, T‐lymphocytes (CD3+) and B‐lymphocytes (CD20+). The results of our study show that TILs are present in a large proportion of canine melanocytic tumours, especially in oral melanomas, and that the infiltrate is usually mild. The quantity of CD20+ TILs was significantly associated with some histologic prognostic factors, such as the mitotic count, the cellular pleomorphism and the percentage of pigmented cells. Remarkably, a high infiltration of CD20+ TILs was associated with tumour‐related death, presence of metastasis/recurrence, shorter overall and disease‐free survival, increased hazard of death and of developing recurrence/metastasis, hence representing a potential new negative prognostic factor in canine melanocytic tumours.
A survey of criteria used to evaluate applications for small animal surgery residency positions
Authors: Fleming Jeremy T. , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Culp William T. N. , Runge Jeffrey J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine attributes of applicants to small animal surgery residency programs (SRP) that are considered important, favorable, or detrimental according to surgeons at SRP registered with the American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS).Study designOnline survey.Sample populationResidency‐trained surgeons at ACVS‐registered SRP.MethodsAn online survey was advertised to eligible surgeons. Respondents anonymously provided information about their professional backgrounds and SRP interview practices and rated candidate attributes in terms of importance during application screening and favorable or detrimental effects during selection or ranking. Responses were compared by respondent practice setting and sex.ResultsSurveys were completed by 148 of 289 (51%) invited surgeons. Male and female surgeons were equally represented, and 61% worked in academia. Most respondents’ SRP offered in‐person interviews, typically to a select applicant group from whom residents were ultimately chosen. Letters of recommendation were the most influential factor in all phases of application review, particularly when respondents knew the writers. Other critical attributes were academic record, internship reputation, research activity, and indices of interpersonal skills. Nearly all respondents considered multiple prior unsuccessful applications detrimental. Academic respondents emphasized academic performance and academic internships; private practice respondents valued personal contact with applicants and surgical specialty internships. Responses did not differ by self‐identified gender.ConclusionSurgery residency program surgeons preferred first‐ or second‐time applicants with excellent academic credentials, specific internship and research experiences, and letters of support from trusted colleagues as well as strong interpersonal skills.Clinical impactProspective residents can use this information to assess their candidacies, identify potential weaknesses, and prepare competitive applications.