bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Inflammation Markers in Tuberculosis
Authors: Kusnir P , Dohal M , Porvaznik I , Mokry J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the leading infectious cause of death in the world. The goals of screening are to detect active tuberculosis early enough and to identify individuals eligible for preventive therapy to reduce a po tential co-infection by tuberculosis. Plasma/serum screening for selected potential biomarkers could represent a suitable method of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment outcome. Furthermore, monitoring of tuberculosis treatment is crucial to clinical decision-making and besides the plasmatic concentration of administered antituberculosis drugs, the biomarkers appear to play a significant role in the estimation of the real therapeutical impact.
The current standard remains focused on culture conversion, especially two-month culture status, which has a relatively low sensitivity. Identification of non-sputum-based biomarkers of the treatment respond would be beneficial for individual monitoring of tuberculosis patients.
This mini-review describes several serological/plasmatic markers that can be analyzed by simple immunoassays as ELISA method, e.g. C-reactive protein, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, soluble lymphocyte activation gene-3, granzyme B and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor one and two as reliable enough as an indicator of successful treatment of tuberculosis.
Effect of Chemically-Induced Diabetes Mellitus on Phenotypic Variability of the Enteric Neurons in the Descending Colon in the Pig
Authors: Bulc Michał , Całka Jarosław , Zielonka Łukasz , Dąbrowski Michał , Palus Katarzyna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Gastrointestinal neuropathy in diabetes is one of numerous diseases resulting in abnormal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and it may affect any section of the GIT, including the descending colon. In the gastrointestinal system, the neurons are arranged in an interconnecting network defined as the enteric nervous system (ENS) which includes the myenteric plexus and the submucosal plexuses: inner and outer. Regular functioning of the ENS is determined by normal synthesis of the neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. This paper demonstrates the effect of hyperglycaemia on the number of enteric neurons which are immunoreactive to: neural isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), galanin (GAL), calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) and cocaine amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the porcine descending colon. It was demonstrated that there was a statistically significant increase in the number of neurons within the myenteric plexus immunoreactive to all investigated substances. In the outer submucosal plexus, the CART-positive neurons were the only ones not to change, whereas no changes were recorded for nNOS or CART in the inner submucosal plexus. This study is the first study to discuss quantitative changes in the neurons immunoreactive to nNOS, VIP, GAL, CGRP and CART in the descending colon in diabetic pigs.
A note on nil-clean rings
Authors: Danchev Peter V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study a special kind of nil-clean rings, namely those nil-clean rings whose nilpotent elements are difference of two “left-right symmetric” idempotents, and prove that in some various cases they are strongly π-regular. We also show that all nil-clean rings having cyclic unit 2-groups are themselves strongly nil-clean of characteristic 2 (and thus they are again strongly π-regular).
On λD − R0 and λD − R1 spaces
Authors: Namiq Sarhad F. , Rosas Ennis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper we introduce the new types of separation axioms called λD − R0 and λD − R1 spaces, by using λD-open set. The notion λD − R0 and λD − R1 spaces are introduced and some of their properties are investigated.
Some fixed point results on S-metric spaces
Authors: Shahraki Maryam , Sedghi Shaban , Aleomraninejad S. M. A. , Mitrović Zoran D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a general form of the Suzuki type function is considered on S- metric space, to get a fixed point. Then we show that our results generalize some old results.
Empirical Analysis of the Impact Strength of Textile Knitted Barrier Meshes
Authors: Mikołajczyk Zbigniew , Szałek Beata , Pieklak Katarzyna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The assumptions of instrumental methodology for measuring dynamic loads of knitted barrier meshes were defined. A test stand was built, original in terms of both mechanical construction and electronic measuring system, connected to a computer data analysis system. Maximum values of dynamic forces in the mesh fastening strings were determined. The correctness of the strain gauges construction and measurement data transmission systems was confirmed. Tests of multidirectional resistance to dynamic loads in the mesh fastening strings were carried out. The experiment involved dropping a ball with a mass of 5 kg and a diameter of 10 cm, from a height of 1 m and 2 m onto the mesh surface. The potential impact energy equaled Ep1 = 49.05 J and Ep2 = 98.1 J. The tests showed that the highest force values were observed for meshes with square-shaped a-jour structure, and for mesh with diamond-shaped a-jour geometry the force values were lower. A symmetrical forces distribution was observed in all the strings. The highest forces were recorded in the middle strings and the lowest in the outer ones. The conducted tests confirmed the correctness of the adopted constructional solutions of test stand for identification of dynamic stress distribution in mesh fastening strings. The developed method is a useful verification tool for numerical analysis of mechanical properties of barrier meshes.
Mobile Payment in the Connected Car: Developing Services Based on Process Thinking
Authors: Petry Lukas F. , Moormann Jürgen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe automotive world is on the threshold of a new era. Manufacturers are transforming themselves into suppliers of mobility services. Fundamentals for the transformation are customer processes combined with connectivity driven by the Internet of Things. Mobile payment serves as an enabler to most of these services.ObjectivesThis paper demonstrates promising ways how payment-enabled services in the context of connected cars can be designed based on the process thinking approach.Methods/ApproachIn this paper, the methodology of use cases is applied as a means to develop services for the connected car through process thinking. The use case studied is validated afterwards with industry experts following a semi-structured interview format.ResultsThe use case investigated in the course of the paper suggests that the core characteristics and challenges of these services are already predictable ex-ante by the theoretical framework on which the paper is built upon. In particular, the paper shows the steps needed for a driver’s request for on-demand horsepower for a certain time span along with mobile payment for this service.ConclusionsIt is concluded that the connectivity paradigm supplemented by mobile payment options enables consistent implementation of customer centricity in terms of process thinking.
Axiological justification of the objective norm by Heinrich Rickert
Authors: Bobko Aleksander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to show the main thesis concerning the theory of cognition of the eminent neo-Kantian Heinrich Rickert, as presented in his work “Der Gegenstand der Erkenntnis”. On the one hand, Rickert finds out that thinking is fated to “clash with nothingness”, thus creating a temptation to reject all rigours and to yield to complete discretion. On the other hand, he attributes axiological status to nothingness which subjects thinking to a particular kind of “ought”. In his view, the cognizing subject is faced with an axiological choice: either discretion or truth and argues that it is worth opting for truth. His argumentation could be an interesting point of reference for contemporary culture gradually moving away from the type of thinking rooted in objectively existing principles.
Chessboard and Chess Piece Recognition With the Support of Neural Networks
Authors: Czyzewski Maciej A. , Laskowski Artur , Wasik Szymon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chessboard and chess piece recognition is a computer vision problem that has not yet been efficiently solved. Digitization of a chess game state from a picture of a chessboard is a task typically performed by humans or with the aid of specialized chessboards and pieces. However, those solutions are neither easy nor convenient. To solve this problem, we propose a novel algorithm for digitizing chessboard configurations.
We designed a method of chessboard recognition and pieces detection that is resistant to lighting conditions and the angle at which images are captured, and works correctly with numerous chessboard styles. Detecting the board and recognizing chess pieces are crucial steps of board state digitization.
The algorithm achieves 95% accuracy (compared to 60% for the best alternative) for positioning the chessboard in an image, and almost 95% for chess pieces recognition. Furthermore, the sub-process of detecting straight lines and finding lattice points performs extraordinarily well, achieving over 99.5% accuracy (compared to the 74% for the best alternative).
Who applies for afforestation subsidies? Analysis of the age of beneficiaries of the Rural Development Program from 2004–2018
Authors: Wysocka-Fijorek Emilia , Gil Wojciech , Gołos Piotr , Dobrowolska Ewelina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In Poland, the afforestation rate is slowing down from year to year. An analysis of the demographic structure of land owners suitable for afforestation may contribute to a better recognition of trends and needs in order to increase the effectiveness of National Programme for the Augmentation of Forest Cover implementation, and thus increase interest in RDP activities. The aim of the study was to verify whether interest in afforestation among farmers is the same across the country in different age groups.
The data presented in the publication come from the resources of the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARiMR). The data covered the years 2004–2018 and were sorted by: voivodships (16), age group of beneficiaries of subsidies (4 groups), year of submitting the application (15 years) and the number of applications submitted. Beneficiaries were divided into four age groups: up to 30 years old, 31–40 years old, 41–60 and older than 60 years.
Interest in afforestation changed in the period after Poland’s accession to the European Union. In recent years, there has been a significant decrease in the number of applications for afforestation subsidies submitted. There are also significant differences between the voivodships in the number of applications submitted. Farmers from eastern and southern Poland are more active in submitting applications for afforestation, and will reduce the so-called Recovered Territories in the western, northern and north-eastern part of Poland. Most afforestation in the entire analysed period is carried out by farmers aged 41–60 years. In the initial period, more applications were submitted by farmers of age over 60 years. In recent years, however, young farmers, that is, up to 40 years, are more interested in afforestation, than other groups.
To increase interest in afforestation, more support should be directed to young farmers who, as part of farm specialization, may receive additional incentives for afforestation of land that is less useful to them.
“The Path of the Comedian is Always Going to be a Lonely One”: Comedians’ Mediation Between Family Humour and Public Performance
Authors: Fiadotava Anastasiya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article* presents a study of the use of family humour in public comedy and the mutual influence of family humour and public humour on comedians’ performances and everyday life. The interrelations between these domains lie at the level of the content of humour, its format, its performance and the interaction between humour producers and their audience. Family and public humour often overlap and interweave in various ways, especially in the experience of those who engage in humour production both in public and in private spheres.
The study is informed by interviews with UK-based comedians on their family humorous folklore and its interrelation with their public humour performances. The interconnection between public and family humour was identified on several levels: textual, communicative, personal and conceptual.
This multidimensional interplay indicates that family humour is contingent on the context, but at the same time is often conditioned by comedians’ public personae and cannot be fully separated from the humour they perform publicly. The study illustrates the vagueness of the dichotomy between public comic performances and family humour and points to multiple ways in which the boundaries between these domains can become blurry.
The Development of Bandura Music Art Between the 1920s and 1940s
Authors: Berezutska Maryna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bandura art is a unique phenomenon of Ukrainian culture, inextricably linked with the history of the Ukrainian people. The study is dedicated to one of the most tragic periods in the history of bandura art, that of the 1920s–1940s, during which the Bolsheviks were creating, expanding and strengthening the Soviet Union. Art in a multinational state at this time was supposed to be national by form and socialist by content in accordance with the concept of Bolshevik cultural policy; it also had to serve Soviet propaganda. Bandura art has always been national by its content, and professional by its form, so conflict was inevitable. The Bolsheviks embodied their cultural policy through administrative and power methods: they created numerous bandurist ensembles and imposed a repertoire that glorified the Communist Party and the Soviet system. As a result, the development of bandura art stagnated significantly, although it did not die completely. At the same time, in the post-war years this policy provoked the emigration of many professional bandurists to the USA and Canada, thus promoting the active spread of bandura art in the Ukrainian Diaspora.
To Say or not to Say? Construing Contextual Taboo Words Used by Acehnese Speakers in Indonesia
Authors: Aziz Zulfadli Abdul , Yusuf Yunisrina Qismullah , Burhansyah Burhansyah , Muzammil Meutia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study describes the types of taboo words used by the Acehnese people in Aceh, Indonesia. Ten language informants in the district were interviewed for this qualitative study. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed prior to analysis. The data were then analysed by the procedures of condensation, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings of the research reveal that the most common taboo types used by Acehnese speakers are taboos of vulgarity or obscenity, epithet, and the taboo of disease. This implies that calling people bad names, talking about sex, mentioning incurable or ‘repulsive’ diseases are among the most taboo discussions in Acehnese society. Taboo words related to religion are found the least in the data, which could imply that these words are small in number because the Acehnese people embrace their religion strongly and thus minimise verbal abuse related to it.
Identity and the Controversial Experiences of Museum Researchers: The Case of the National Museums of Finland and the Baltic States
Authors: Reidla Jana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper* highlights the internal contradictions of museum institutions when they are influenced by neoliberal market-driven policies and new museology from the viewpoint of the museum-working researcher. Museums increasingly interface with the public because they are now part of the leisure market. Recent transformations have affected the roles and responsibilities of museum researchers. Whereas marketing, communication and sales specialists have gained more prominence in museum decision-making, the researchers’ role has been marginalised. Semi-structured interviews at five national museums in Finland and the Baltic States give voice to museum researchers and reveal their subjective reflections. The interviews revealed two discursive patterns: 1) caring for museum collections is more of a priority than conducting research, and 2) if academic results are prioritised, researchers are less involved in servicing the collections. The analysis showed how perceived marginalisation has caused role conflict and ambiguity for researchers, and that current shifts reduce researchers’ motivation to contribute to research.
The Development of the Smart Gas Distribution: General Trends and the Latvian Context
Authors: Savickis J. , Zemite L. , Jansons L. , Bode I. , Dzelzitis E. , Broks A. , Vempere L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A necessity to reduce greenhouse gas (hereinafter – GHG) emissions and energy import dependency, while coping with increasing energy demand, affordability issues and many other factors, causes the European Union (hereinafter – EU) energy policy makers to identify development trends that would help harmonize future energy market and technological changes with ever growing pressure of universal data processing digitalisation. In order to stimulate data processing digitalisation in energy, the European Commission has proclaimed a support to the development of all kind of the smart energy systems, where simultaneous use of the natural gas and renewable gases (hereinafter – RG) will play one of the major sustainability ensuring roles. Firstly, it will help achieve designated energy efficiency goals and, secondly, enable cost saving synergetic solutions at the early stages of the energy supply chain decarbonisation.
Synergy of the natural gas and RG emphasises the need for a modern, smart and sustainable energy infrastructure to allow developing more flexible back-up and balancing power capacity, storage solutions and innovative demand-response mechanisms.
This paper addresses some trends in development of the smart gas distribution (hereinafter – SGD) as part of the smart energy systems both in the EU and Latvia, with a particular focus on smart energy concepts, smart gas metering and grid modernisation.
Sigmoid functions for the smooth approximation to the absolute value function
Authors: Bagul Yogesh J. , Chesneau Christophe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present smooth approximations to the absolute value function |x| using sigmoid functions. In particular, x erf(x/μ) is proved to be a better smooth approximation for |x| than x tanh(x/μ) and

x

2

+
μ

\sqrt {{x^2} + \mu }

with respect to accuracy. To accomplish our goal we also provide sharp hyperbolic bounds for the error function.
Differential Privacy at Risk: Bridging Randomness and Privacy Budget
Authors: Dandekar Ashish , Basu Debabrota , Bressan Stéphane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe calibration of noise for a privacy-preserving mechanism depends on the sensitivity of the query and the prescribed privacy level. A data steward must make the non-trivial choice of a privacy level that balances the requirements of users and the monetary constraints of the business entity.Firstly, we analyse roles of the sources of randomness, namely the explicit randomness induced by the noise distribution and the implicit randomness induced by the data-generation distribution, that are involved in the design of a privacy-preserving mechanism. The finer analysis enables us to provide stronger privacy guarantees with quantifiable risks. Thus, we proposeprivacy at riskthat is a probabilistic calibration of privacy-preserving mechanisms. We provide a composition theorem that leverages privacy at risk. We instantiate the probabilistic calibration for the Laplace mechanism by providing analytical results.Secondly, we propose a cost model that bridges the gap between the privacy level and the compensation budget estimated by a GDPR compliant business entity. The convexity of the proposed cost model leads to a unique fine-tuning of privacy level that minimises the compensation budget. We show its effectiveness by illustrating a realistic scenario that avoids overestimation of the compensation budget by using privacy at risk for the Laplace mechanism. We quantitatively show that composition using the cost optimal privacy at risk provides stronger privacy guarantee than the classical advanced composition. Although the illustration is specific to the chosen cost model, it naturally extends to any convex cost model. We also provide realistic illustrations of how a data steward uses privacy at risk to balance the trade-off between utility and privacy.
‘Cittaslow’: An Alternative Model for Local Sustainable Development or Just a Myth? Empirical Evidence in the Case of Tarakli (Turkey)
Authors: İlhan Öznur Akgiş , Karakaş Erdal , Özkaraman Büşra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This research attempts to answer whether Cittaslow is a myth or an effective model for development for Taraklı, a small town in the Sakarya province of Turkey. The study was designed and analysed using the mixed method research model. The results are as follows. Since Taraklı became a Cittaslow, the number of tourists increased which ultimately helped to fight against unemployment and also increased income of people. Women's participation in the labour force had increased and their representation in public places was enhanced. Important steps were taken towards the preservation of cultural heritage. Along with quantitative and qualitative improvements in green areas, the local people's awareness of environmental protection has increased.
Method to Recycle Paper Sludge Waste: Production of Panels for Sound Absorption Applications
Authors: Astrauskas Tomas , Grubliauskas Raimondas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Paper sludge is the water treatment waste, which produced during paper production. Paper sludge (PS) waste utilization is the common problem in the EU and internationally. According to the waste management directive No. 2008/98/EC, paper sludge waste should not be utilized in landfills. In the European Union, alone 93 million tons of PS generated yearly. Nowadays most of the paper sludge waste used as fuel for incineration power plants (up to 55 %). According to waste management legislation such waste management should be avoided as well. Very small portion (10 %) of PS is used in construction sector. In construction, paper sludge used as additive in concrete composite materials. Such legislation of waste management generates the motivation of this study. In this study authors propose to produce composite panels in which PS is the main material of composite. As the binding material, clay proposed due to its good binding properties and therefore its natural material. Such produced panels proposed to use it for sound absorption applications. To determine composites sound absorption coefficient standard ISO 10534-2 method was used. The sound absorption coefficient in different octave bands reached up to 0.59.
Research of Maximum Stress Zones in Circular Plates with Loades Concentrated Force
Authors: Mateusz Konieczny , Henryk Achtelik , Grzegorz Gasiak 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents numerical and experimental analysis of the state of stress in a circular perforated plate, free supported or fixed on entire premier and loaded concentrated force. This type of plate have found applications in the field of chemical equipment, pressure tanks and box conveyors. The use of the finite element method for numerical calculations enables accurate location of stress concentration zones in a perforated plate and allows to determine stress values around these hole.