bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot‐Based Functional Nanomaterials for Effective Antimicrobial Applications
Authors: Nichols Forrest , Chen Shaowei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConventional β‐lactam antibiotics are resisted by bacteria at an increasing rate, prompting studies into the development of alternate antibiotic agents. In this personal account, we summarize recent progress in the design and engineering of graphene oxide quantum dot‐based nanomaterials as potent antimicrobial agents. Specifically, we examine the impacts of chemical reduction on the antimicrobial activity of graphene oxide quantum dots, and enhancement of the bactericidal performance by the formation of nanocomposites with metal oxide nanoparticles, within the context of photodynamic generation of reactive oxygen species. A perspective is also included where the promises and challenges are highlighted in the development of high‐performance antimicrobial agents based on graphene derivatives.
Exploring the Success Factors for a Launch of an Algorithmic Consulting Platform
Authors: Kaselow Andreas , Petrik Dimitri , Feja Sven 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Even the rather traditional consulting industry is not spared from digitization. Digital platforms are known to foster convergence and generativity. For the consulting industry, digital platforms offer the potential to win new customer groups who have not previously purchased consulting services before. If digital platforms for the mediation of consulting services are established by incumbent consulting companies, the new platform-based business models for the consulting market will appear. Since network effects fuel platforms, the launch phase of a platform is a serious challenge. In this paper, we examine the launch of a digital platform for the algorithmic consulting (AC) approach, due to its promising market potential. In order to research the adaptability of digital platforms for AC consulting, we perform a qualitative study of electronic documents on the actions of three successful crowdsourcing platforms. The preliminary results comprise 14 success factors for the platform launch that will be validated in a follow-up practical application. The open nature of platform design in the areas of customer access, cooperation with other platforms, interfaces, and communication appeared to be particularly important for a successful platform launch. All identified success factors can be applied to AC services and the consulting market in the future.
Gravitational path integral from the T 2 deformation
Authors: Belin Alexandre , Lewkowycz Aitor , Sárosi Gábor 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study a T2 deformation of large N conformal field theories, a higher dimensional generalization of the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation. The deformed partition function satisfies a flow equation of the diffusion type. We solve this equation by finding its diffusion kernel, which is given by the Euclidean gravitational path integral in d + 1 dimensions between two boundaries with Dirichlet boundary conditions for the metric. This is natural given the connection between the flow equation and the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, on which we offer a new perspective by giving a gauge-invariant relation between the deformed partition function and the radial WDW wave function. An interesting output of the flow equation is the gravitational path integral measure which is consistent with a constrained phase space quantization. Finally, we comment on the relation between the radial wave function and the Hartle-Hawking wave functions dual to states in the CFT, and propose a way of obtaining the volume of the maximal slice from the T2 deformation.
3d mirrors of the circle reduction of twisted A2N theories of class S
Authors: Maduli Emanuele , Giacomelli Simone , Mekareeya Noppadol , Sacchi Matteo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Mirror symmetry has proven to be a powerful tool to study several properties of higher dimensional superconformal field theories upon compactification to three dimensions. We propose a quiver description for the mirror theories of the circle reduction of twisted A2N theories of class S in four dimensions. Although these quivers bear a resemblance to the star-shaped quivers previously studied in the literature, they contain unitary, symplectic and special orthogonal gauge groups, along with hypermultiplets in the fundamental representation. The vacuum moduli spaces of these quiver theories are studied in detail. The Coulomb branch Hilbert series of the mirror theory can be matched with that of the Higgs branch of the corresponding four dimensional theory, providing a non-trivial check of our proposal. Moreover various deformations by mass and Fayet-Iliopoulos terms of such quiver theories are investigated. The fact that several of them flow to expected theories also gives another strong support for the proposal. Utilising the mirror quiver description, we discover a new supersymmetry enhancement renormalisation group flow.
Größenwachstum und Knochengesundheit bei Erkrankungen der Wachstumsfuge und des Knochens: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer GH-Therapie
Authors: Wölfle J. , Bettendorf M. , Bechtold-Dalla Pozza S. , Binder G. , Grasemann C. , Reinehr T. , Semler O. , Dörr H.-G. 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Genetische, parakrine und endokrine Faktoren beeinflussen das Größenwachstum und die Knochenmineralisation.

Fragestellung
Wie sind spontanes Größenwachstum und Knochengesundheit von Patienten mit seltenen Knochenerkrankungen? Kann man Wachstum und Knochengesundheit bei diesen Erkrankungen mit Wachstumshormon („growth hormone“ [GH]) verbessern?

Material und Methoden
Ergebnisse eines Expertentreffens mit Literaturrecherche zur Knochengesundheit von mit Kleinwuchs assoziierten ossären Erkrankungen und deren Therapieoptionen.

Ergebnisse
Viele Patienten mit einer Osteogenesis imperfecta sind kleinwüchsig. Eine zusätzliche Gabe von GH hat keinen Einfluss auf die Erwachsenengröße und wird derzeit nicht angewendet. Patienten mit unzureichendem Größenwachstum bei Pseudohypoparathyreoidismus (PHP) können bei Nachweis eines GH-Mangels mit GH behandelt werden und von der Therapie profitieren. Kinder mit X‑chromosomal vererbter hypophosphatämischer Rachitis haben unter der bisherigen Therapie mit Phosphat und Calcitriol einen disproportionierten Kleinwuchs. Randomisierte Therapiestudien mit GH führten zwar zu einer vorübergehenden Verbesserung der Körperhöhe, aber zu keiner signifikanten Verbesserung der Erwachsenenkörpergröße. Bei SHOX-Defizienz ist eine GH-Therapie zugelassen und hinsichtlich Köpergrößenzunahme vergleichbar effektiv wie bei Mädchen mit Ullrich-Turner-Syndrom (UTS). Zusätzlich legen Beobachtungsstudien nahe, dass eine GH-Therapie das bei UTS erhöhte Frakturrisiko reduzieren kann. Entzündung, verminderte körperliche Aktivität und Malnutrition führen bei Patienten mit juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis (JIA) zu einem Kleinwuchs mit Verlust an Muskel- und Knochenmasse. Studien konnten einen positiven Effekt von GH auf Längenwachstum, Dichte, Geometrie und Metabolismus des Knochens sowie auf die Muskelmasse zeigen. Die Therapie mit GH ist bei den Patienten mit JIA nicht zugelassen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Bei den genannten Knochenerkrankungen muss jede Wachstumsstörung individuell betrachtet werden. Neben dem Größenwachstum kann sich die GH-Therapie je nach Indikation positiv auf Stoffwechsel, Mineralsalzgehalt und Knochendichte auswirken. Zugelassene Indiktionen für eine GH-Therapie liegen bei PHP nur bei einem GH-Mangel und bei Patienten mit intrauterinem Kleinwuchs (SGA) und UTS/SHOX-Mangel vor. Neben einer Zunahme des Wachstums sollte eine Verbesserung der Knochengesundheit im Kindes- und Jugendalter als Zielparameter einer GH-Therapie diskutiert werden.
Increased external tibial torsion is an infratuberositary deformity and is not correlated with a lateralized position of the tibial tuberosity
Authors: Winkler Philipp W. , Lutz Patricia M. , Rupp Marco C. , Imhoff Florian B. , Izadpanah Kaywan , Imhoff Andreas B. , Feucht Matthias J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To perform a segmental analysis of tibial torsion in patients, with normal and increased external tibial torsion, suffering from chronic patellofemoral instability (PFI) and to investigate a possible correlation between tibial torsion and the position of the tibial tuberosity.

Methods
Patients with chronic PFI who underwent torsional analysis of the lower limb using a standardized hip-knee-ankle MRI between 2016 and 2018 were included. For segmental analysis of tibial torsion, three axial levels were defined which divided the tibia into two segments: a distal, infratuberositary segment and a proximal, supratuberositary segment. Torsion was measured for the entire tibia (total tibial torsion, TTT), the proximal segment (proximal tibial torsion, PTT), and the distal segment (distal tibial torsion, DTT). Based on TTT, patients were assigned to one of two groups: Normal TTT (< 35°) or increased external TTT (> 35°). Position of the tibial tuberosity was assessed on conventional MRI scans by measuring the tibial tuberosity-trochlea groove (TT-TG) and the tibial tuberosity-posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL) distances.

Results
Ninety-one patients (24 ± 6 years; 78% female) were included. Mean external TTT was 29.6° ± 9.1° and 24 patients (26%) had increased external TTT. Compared to patients with normal TTT, patients with increased external TTT demonstrated significantly higher values for DTT (38° ± 8° vs. 52° ± 9°; p < 0.001), whereas no difference was found for PTT ( – 13° ± 6° vs.  – 12° ± 6°; n.s.). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between TTT and DTT (p < 0.001), whereas no correlation was found between TTT and PTT (n.s). With regard to TT-TG and TT-PCL distances, no significant differences were observed between the two groups (TT-TG: 15 ± 6 vs. 14 ± 4 mm, n.s.; TT-PCL: 22 ± 4 vs. 21 ± 5 mm, n.s.) and no correlation was found with TTT, DTT, or PTT (n.s.).

Conclusion
In patients with chronic PFI, increased external TTT of greater than 35° is an infratuberositary deformity and does not correlate with a lateralized position of the tibial tuberosity.

Level of evidence
Level III.
Ihara’s Lemma for Shimura curves over totally real fields via patching
Authors: Manning Jeffrey , Shotton Jack 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe prove Ihara’s lemma for the mod l cohomology of Shimura curves, localized at a maximal ideal of the Hecke algebra, under a large image hypothesis on the associated Galois representation. This was proved by Diamond and Taylor, for Shimura curves over $$\mathbb {Q}$$
Q
, under various assumptions on l. Our method is totally different and can avoid these assumptions, at the cost of imposing the large image hypothesis. It uses the Taylor–Wiles method, as improved by Diamond and Kisin, and the geometry of integral models of Shimura curves at an auxiliary prime.
A tunable l-arabinose-inducible expression plasmid for the acetic acid bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans
Authors: Fricke Philipp Moritz , Link Tobias , Gätgens Jochem , Sonntag Christiane , Otto Maike , Bott Michael , Polen Tino 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The acetic acid bacterium (AAB) Gluconobacter oxydans incompletely oxidizes a wide variety of carbohydrates and is therefore used industrially for oxidative biotransformations. For G. oxydans, no system was available that allows regulatable plasmid-based expression. We found that the l-arabinose-inducible PBAD promoter and the transcriptional regulator AraC from Escherichia coli MC4100 performed very well in G. oxydans. The respective pBBR1-based plasmids showed very low basal expression of the reporters β-glucuronidase and mNeonGreen, up to 480-fold induction with 1% l-arabinose, and tunability from 0.1 to 1% l-arabinose. In G. oxydans 621H, l-arabinose was oxidized by the membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase, which is absent in the multi-deletion strain BP.6. Nevertheless, AraC-PBAD performed similar in both strains in the exponential phase, indicating that a gene knockout is not required for application of AraC-PBAD in wild-type G. oxydans strains. However, the oxidation product arabinonic acid strongly contributed to the acidification of the growth medium in 621H cultures during the stationary phase, which resulted in drastically decreased reporter activities in 621H (pH 3.3) but not in BP.6 cultures (pH 4.4). These activities could be strongly increased quickly solely by incubating stationary cells in d-mannitol-free medium adjusted to pH 6, indicating that the reporters were hardly degraded yet rather became inactive. In a pH-controlled bioreactor, these reporter activities remained high in the stationary phase (pH 6). Finally, we created a multiple cloning vector with araC-PBAD based on pBBR1MCS-5. Together, we demonstrated superior functionality and good tunability of an AraC-PBAD system in G. oxydans that could possibly also be used in other AAB.

Key points
• We found the AraC-PBADsystem from E. coli MC4100 was well tunable in G. oxydans.
•  In the absence of AraC orl-arabinose, expression from PBADwas extremely low.
• This araC-PBADsystem could also be fully functional in other acetic acid bacteria.
Electrical resistivity imaging for monitoring soil water motion patterns under different drip irrigation scenarios
Authors: Vanella Daniela , Ramírez-Cuesta Juan Miguel , Sacco Alessandro , Longo-Minnolo Giuseppe , Cirelli Giuseppe Luigi , Consoli Simona 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of hydrogeophysical methods provides insights for supporting optimal irrigation design and management. In the present study, the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) was applied for monitoring the soil water motion patterns resulting from the adoption of water deficit scenarios in a micro-irrigated orange orchard (Eastern Sicily, Italy). The relationship of ERI with independent ancillary data of soil water content (SWC), plant transpiration (T) and in situ measurements of hydraulic conductivity at saturation (Ks, i.e., using the falling head method, FH) was evaluated. The soil water motion patterns and the maximum wet depths in the soil profile identified by ERI were quite dependent on SWC (R2 = 0.79 and 0.82, respectively). Moreover, ERI was able to detect T in the severe deficit irrigation treatment (electrical resistivity increases of about 20%), whereas this phenomenon was masked at higher SWC conditions. Ks rates derived from ERI and FH approaches revealed different patterns and magnitudes among the irrigation treatments, as consequence of their different measurement scales and the methodological specificity. Finally, ERI has been proved suitable for identifying the soil wetting/drying patterns and the geometrical characteristics of wet bulbs, which represent some of the most influential variables for the optimal design and management of micro-irrigation systems.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of phase 1 bemarituzumab data to support phase 2 gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma FIGHT trial
Authors: Xiang Hong , Liu Lucy , Gao Yuying , Ahene Ago , Macal Monica , Hsu Amy W. , Dreiling Lyndah , Collins Helen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To report population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of the phase 1 study (FPA144-001, NCT02318329) and to select a clinical dose and schedule that will achieve an empirical target trough concentration (Ctrough) for an anti-fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b antibody, bemarituzumab.

Methods
Nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to analyse PK data. In vitro binding affinity and receptor occupancy of bemarituzumab were determined. Simulation was conducted to estimate dose and schedule to achieve an empirical target Ctrough in a phase 2 trial (FIGHT, NCT03694522) for patients receiving first-line treatment combined with modified 5-fluourouracil, oxaliplatin and leucovorin (mFOLFOX6) for gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

Results
Bemarituzumab PK is best described by a two-compartment model with parallel linear and nonlinear (Michaelis–Menten) elimination from the central compartment. Albumin, gender, and body weight were identified as the covariates on the linear clearance and/or volume of distribution in the central compartment, and no dose adjustment was warranted. An empirical target of bemarituzumab Ctrough of ≥ 60 µg/mL was projected to achieve > 95% receptor occupancy based on in vitro data. Fifteen mg/kg every 2 weeks, with a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg on Cycle 1 Day 8, was projected to achieve the target Ctrough on Day 15 in 98% of patients with 96% maintaining the target at steady state, which was confirmed in the FIGHT trial.

Conclusion
A projected dose and schedule to achieve the target Ctrough was validated in phase 1 of the FIGHT trial which supported selection of the phase 2 dose and schedule for bemarituzumab.
Performance of different Dixon-based methods for MR liver iron assessment in comparison to a biopsy-validated R2* relaxometry method
Authors: Henninger Benjamin , Plaikner Michaela , Zoller Heinz , Viveiros André , Kannengiesser Stephan , Jaschke Werner , Kremser Christian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To prospectively evaluate a 3D-multiecho-Dixon sequence with inline calculation of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and R2* (qDixon), and an improved version of it (qDixon-WIP), for the MR-quantification of hepatic iron in a clinical setting.

Methods
Patients with increased serum ferritin underwent 1.5-T MRI of the liver for the evaluation of hepatic iron overload. The imaging protocol for R2* quantification included as follows: (1) a validated, 2D multigradient-echo sequence (initial TE 0.99 ms, R2*-ME-GRE), (2) a 3D-multiecho-Dixon sequence with inline calculation of PDFF and R2* (initial TE 2.38 ms, R2*-qDixon), and optionally (3) a prototype (works-in-progress, WIP) version of the latter (initial TE 1.04 ms, R2*-qDixon-WIP) with improved water/fat separation and noise-corrected parameter fitting. For all sequences, three manually co-registered regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in the liver. R2* values were compared and linear regression analysis and Bland-Altman plots calculated.

Results
Forty-six out of 415 patients showed fat-water (F/W) swap with qDixon and were excluded. A total of 369 patients (mean age 52 years) were included; in 203/369, the optional qDixon-WIP was acquired, which showed no F/W swaps. A strong correlation was found between R2*-ME-GRE and R2*-qDixon (r2 = 0.92, p < 0.001) with Bland-Altman revealing a mean difference of − 3.82 1/s (SD = 21.26 1/s). Correlation between R2*-GRE-ME and R2*-qDixon-WIP was r2 = 0.95 (p < 0.001) with Bland-Altman showing a mean difference of − 0.125 1/s (SD = 30.667 1/s).

Conclusions
The 3D-multiecho-Dixon sequence is a reliable tool to quantify hepatic iron. Results are comparable with established relaxometry methods. Improvements to the original implementation eliminate occasional F/W swaps and limitations regarding maximum R2* values.

Key Points
• The 3D-multiecho-Dixon sequence for 1.5 T is a reliable tool to quantify hepatic iron.
• Results of the 3D-multiecho-Dixon sequence are comparable with established relaxometry methods.
• An improved version of the 3D-multiecho-Dixon sequence eliminates minor drawbacks.
Neuraminidase-1 promotes heart failure after ischemia/reperfusion injury by affecting cardiomyocytes and invading monocytes/macrophages
Authors: Heimerl Maren , Sieve Irina , Ricke-Hoch Melanie , Erschow Sergej , Battmer Karin , Scherr Michaela , Hilfiker-Kleiner Denise 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeuraminidase (NEU)1 forms a multienzyme complex with beta-galactosidase (β-GAL) and protective-protein/cathepsin (PPC) A, which cleaves sialic-acids from cell surface glycoconjugates. We investigated the role of NEU1 in the myocardium after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Three days after inducing I/R, left ventricles (LV) of male mice (3 months-old) displayed upregulated neuraminidase activity and increased NEU1, β-GAL and PPCA expression. Mice hypomorphic forneu1(hNEU1) had less neuraminidase activity, fewer pro-inflammatory (Lin−CD11b+F4/80+Ly-6Chigh), and more anti-inflammatory macrophages (Lin−CD11b+F4/80+Ly-6Clow) 3 days after I/R, and less LV dysfunction 14 days after I/R. WT mice transplanted with hNEU1-bone marrow (BM) and hNEU1 mice with WT-BM showed significantly better LV function 14 days after I/R compared with WT mice with WT-BM. Mice with a cardiomyocyte-specific NEU1 overexpression displayed no difference in inflammation 3 days after I/R, but showed increased cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, reduced expression and mislocalization of Connexin-43 in gap junctions, and LV dysfunction despite a similar infarct scar size to WT mice 14 days after I/R. The upregulation of NEU1 after I/R contributes to heart failure by promoting inflammation in invading monocytes/macrophages, enhancing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and impairing gap junction function, suggesting that systemic NEU1 inhibition may reduce heart failure after I/R.
Randomized Construction of Complexes with Large Diameter
Authors: Criado Francisco , Newman Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe consider the question of the largest possible combinatorial diameter among pure dimensional and strongly connected $$(d-1)$$

(
d
-
1
)

-dimensional simplicial complexes on n vertices, denoted $$H_s(n, d)$$

H
s

(
n
,
d
)

. Using a probabilistic construction we give a new lower bound on $$H_s(n, d)$$

H
s

(
n
,
d
)

that is within an $$O(d^2)$$

O
(

d
2

)

factor of the upper bound. This improves on the previously best known lower bound which was within a factor of $$e^{\varTheta (d)}$$

e

Θ
(
d
)

of the upper bound. We also make a similar improvement in the case of pseudomanifolds.
Learning curve of surgical novices using the single-port platform SymphonX: minimizing OR trauma to only one 15-mm incision
Authors: Datta Rabi R. , Schönhage Sebastian , Dratsch Thomas , Toader Justus , Müller Dolores T. , Wahba Roger , Kleinert Robert , Thomas Michael , Dieplinger Georg , Stippel Dirk L. , Bruns Christiane J. , Fuchs Hans F. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Minimally invasive single-port surgery is always associated with large incisions up to 2–3 cm, complicated handling due to the lack of triangulation, and instrument crossing. The aim of this prospective study was to report how medical students without any laparoscopic experience perform several laparoscopic tasks (rope pass, paper cut, peg transfer, recapping, and needle threading) with the new SymphonX single-port platform and to examine the learning curves in comparison to the laparoscopic multi-port technique.

Methods
A set of 5 laparoscopic skill tests (Rope Pass, Paper cut, Peg Transfer, Recapping, Needle Thread) were performed with 3 repetitions. Medical students performed all tests with both standard laparoscopic instruments and the new platform. Time and errors were recorded.

Results
A total of 114 medical students (61 females) with a median age of 23 years completed the study. All subjects were able to perform the skill tests with both standard laparoscopic multi-port and the single-port laparoscopic system and were able to significantly improve their performance over the three trials for all five tasks—rope pass (p < 0.001), paper cut (p < 0.001), peg transfer (p < 0.001), needle threading (p < 0.001), and recapping (p < 0.001). In 3 out of 5 tasks, medical students performed the tasks faster using the standard multi-port system—rope pass (p < 0.001), paper cut (p < 0.001), and peg transfer (p < 0.001). In the task recapping, medical students performed the task faster using the new single-port system (p = 0.003). In the task needle threading, there was no significant difference between the standard multi-port system and the new single-port system (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
This is the first study analyzing learning curves of the commercially available SymphonX platform for abdominal laparoscopic surgery when used by novices. The learning curve and the error rate are promising.