bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jewish Doctors’ Challenges in the Death Camps: Ethical Dilemmas? Choiceless Choices? The Human Condition?
Authors: Halpin Ross 
Published: January 2020

Most commentators have focused on ethical dilemmas and the idea that they were core to the actions of and decisions by Jewish doctors in SS concentration camps and ghettos during the Holocaust. While I recognize Jewish doctors did face ethical dilemmas, in this article, I shift my attention to include two other significant factors: choiceless choices, defined by the eminent Holocaust historian Lawrence Langer as “crucial decisions [that] did not reflect options between life and death, but between one form of abnormal response and another, both imposed by a situation that was in no way of the victim’s own choosing,” and the human condition, whereby decisions and actions were triggered by personal traits and past experiences in response to particular situations and circumstances. Inherent in all three factors is the tenaciousness of reality and how the abhorrent conditions, immorality, inhumanity and evilness cast a shadow over every moment of the Jewish doctor’s life. My thesis is that decision-making was not one-dimensional but multi-dimensional. For the Jewish doctor every incident became a source of dread and tragedy. They were often not trained to treat some diseases or perform surgery and lacked experience to work in such conditions and cope emotionally and psychologically. I will attempt to show that how a person responds to an ethical dilemma is based on his or her own experiences and reasoning, and how they reacted to sudden and inexplicable incidents that threatened life or impacted survival induced abnormal actions and decisions. As Jewish doctors they were driven to be healers, to be normal, but they were forced by circumstances to kill or become perpetrators, acting abnormally. Tragically the abnormal became the norm. The Jewish doctors were professionally trained and culturally socialized to continue their roles as doctors. Nevertheless, they were human and were driven by the innate will to live.
Squared peak-to-peak algorithm for the spectral interrogation of short-cavity fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensors
Authors: Chen Haibin , Zhang Yao , Li Yang , Jing Xin , Yuan Suzhe , Zhang Xiongxing , Wang Wei , Liu Rong , Guo Quanmin 
Published: January 2020

The cavity length of short-cavity Fabry–Perot (FP) sensors cannot be effectively interrogated using the conventional peak-to-peak method if the spectrum of the exciting source is not wide enough. In this paper, we propose a squared peak-to-peak algorithm for interrogation of short-cavity fiber-optic FP sensors. By squaring the DC-filtered reflection spectrum of an FP sensor in the frequency domain, we produce an additional peak, with which the cavity length of a sensor can be estimated using the same calculations as performed with the conventional peak-to-peak method. For investigation of the feasibility of this technique, we conducted simulations and practical experiments analyzing fiber-optic FP sensors with cavity lengths in the range of 15–25 µm. The maximum error in cavity length estimated using the proposed algorithm in experiments was 0.030 µm.
Ultracompact and ultrabroadband mode division multiplexer based on an Au nanocube array assisted directional coupler
Authors: Mehrabi Kolsoom , Zarifkar Abbas 
Published: January 2020

An ultracompact and ultrabroadband two-mode (de)multiplexer based on an asymmetric directional coupler for mode division multiplexing is proposed. The device structure consists of a pair of silicon waveguides with an array of plasmonic Au nanocubes sandwiched in the coupling region. The coupling region length of the directional coupler is decreased to 1 µm for coupling of the fundamental transverse magnetic (TM) mode to the first order mode by excitation of the surface plasmon polaritons. This is the shortest length reported for multiplexing of the TM modes until now, to the best of our knowledge. The proposed mode (de)multiplexer has a low loss of 0.72 dB and low crosstalk of

−

28.3

d
B

at the communication wavelength of 1.55 µm. Also, the 3D finite-difference time-domain simulation results show that a broad bandwidth of 190 nm is realized with crosstalk less than

−

10

d
B

and the insertion loss lower than 1.29 dB. Furthermore, impact of the fabrication tolerances on the performance of the proposed (de)multiplexer is studied in detail.
Linear variable optical attenuators with shaped-finger comb-drive actuators
Authors: Hah Dooyoung 
Published: January 2020

A design method is proposed for variable optical attenuators (VOAs), aiming at linear attenuation–voltage characteristics, and verified by finite element analysis. Devices of interest are planar VOAs based on microelectromechanical systems technology, with either a knife-edge shutter or a reflector. The proposed method calculates the shape of the fingers of the comb-drive actuators that are used to move the optical component (shutter or reflector) to change the attenuation level. The calculation is, in effect, tantamount to solving a differential equation that encompasses the optical model of the device, electromechanical behavior of the actuators, and the objective of the design, i.e., linear attenuation–voltage characteristics. The design method is almost all-analytical with minimum usage of numerical analysis. The obtained designs are further examined by three-dimensional finite element analysis to understand their effectiveness and to probe the validity of the approximations used. The best linearity factor (defined as % deviation from the ideal case) obtained is 1.34% for both shutter- and reflection-type devices when the conditions are set as 1-dB insertion loss and 50-dB maximum attenuation.
Optical parametric oscillator pumped by a 100-kHz burst-mode Yb-doped fiber laser
Authors: Nagashima Keisuke , Ochi Yoshihiro , Itakura Ryuji 
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate an optical parametric oscillator pumped at a repetition rate of 100 kHz by a burst-mode Yb-doped fiber laser. Pulse energies of 1.5 µJ were generated with five 4.8-µJ pump pulses. Pulse-to-pulse fluctuations could be suppressed even when only five pump pulses were used. The measured pulse length was 190 fs, which was considerably shorter than the 350-fs pump pulse length. The burst-mode operation is an easy and powerful way to increase the pulse energies of optical parametric oscillators pumped with femtosecond pulses.
Factores Condicionantes de Las Intenciones Emprendedoras en Estudiantes Universitarios de la Universidad de Guadalajara: el caso de cuvalles
Authors: Velasco Carlos Alberto Santamaria 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la intención emprendedora y un conjunto de variables explicativas (deseabilidad, control interno, normas sociales) según el modelo propuesto por Liñán (2009). Método: Estudio exploratorio y transversal, con dos fases: 1) fase orientada a la validación de los instrumentos a partir de la revisión teórica de la literatura, 2) análisis confirmatorio del modelo teórico a partir de los supuestos teóricos estadísticos (el análisis de validez discriminante, el análisis de normalidad multivariante, la homocedasticidad y los índices de bondad de ajustes del modelo) usados para evaluar la hipótesis del modelo. Originalidad / Relevancia: Si bien el análisis de las intenciones emprendedoras ha sido ampliamente estudiado en la literatura, este estudio permite confirmar la validez de los constructos del modelo en un contexto de economías emergentes. Por ello, la relevancia de sus resultados está vinculada a las implicaciones que esto pudiera tener en los cursos de formación en emprendimiento que se imparten en el colectivo analizado. Resultados: El principal constructo explicado fue la intención emprendedora. Fue estudiado a través de tres variables: deseabilidad, control percibido y normas sociales. El análisis arrojó que los ítems de cada una de las variables se agrupan conforme a la teoría. Así mismo, los resultados permitieron validar positivamente las hipótesis formuladas sobre el papel de la deseabilidad (H1) y el control percibido (H2) en la predicción de la intención emprendedora. Contribuciones teóricas / metodológicas: La principal contribución metodológica fue la validación del instrumento “Evaluación y Desarrollo del Potencial Emprendedor” (PEUL) fundamentado teóricamente en el modelo de Liñán (2009) utilizando el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales.
Kebutuhan Informasi di Bidang Politik Dewan Perwakilan Cabang Persatuan Tunanetra Indonesia Malang pada Pemilu Serentak 2019
Authors: Dewi Amalia Nurma , Ernaningsih Dwi Novita 
Published: January 2020

Pada pemilihan umum 2014 komunitas tunanetra menandatangani petisi untuk abstain karena mereka tidak mendapatkan hak informasi. Tahun 2019 Indonesia mengadakan Pemilu Serentak untuk pertama kalinya. Pemerintah melakukan berbagai usaha untuk meningkatkan aksesbilitas informasi tunanetra dalam pemilu tersebut, tetapi informasi yang diberikan hanya informasi yang menurut pemerintah diperlukan oleh tunanetra. Melihat hal tersebut fokus penelitian ini ada pada analisis kebutuhan informasi dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan literasi informasi komunitas Pertuni pada pemilu selanjutnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Kebutuhan informasi dilihat dari empat dimensi yaitu function, form, agents dan mechanisms. Pada dimensi function diketahui kebutuhan informasi tentang Pemilu Serentak 2019 muncul karena mereka menyadari peran mereka sebagai warga negara dan sebagai anggota komunitas Pertuni. Pada dimensi function ditemukan ada empat kebutuhan informasi utama yaitu tata cara pemilu, template suara braille, advokasi, dan latar belakang calon legislatif. Dimensi agents berkaitan dengan pihak mana yang berperan sebagai produsen informasi, pencari, dan prosesor. Produsen informasi adalah KPU, pencari informasi adalah Komunitas Pertuni Malang, dan prosesor adalah MCW dan pengurus Pertuni. Dimensi mechanisms berkaitan dengan bagaimana kebutuhan informasi tersebut dipenuhi, yaitu melalui televisi dan melalui komunikasi dengan pengurus pertuni.
ANIMAL-BASED MEASURES: A STEP TOWARDS RIGHTS FOR FARM ANIMALS?
Authors: LUCASSEN SACHA 
Published: January 2020

While more than ever we are discussing animal rights and considering the possibility to extend the circle of our moral consideration, we are also more than ever inflicting suffering on more animals than in any time in history. This is especially the case for farm animals. This article aims to demonstrate that introducing animal-based measures into the legal system can be a practical and realistic step towards changing the familiar perspective of farm animals as mere commodities into the sentient beings they are.
Currently, legislation on farm animals builds on what are called resource-based measures. These measures are not based on the animals but on their environment and the conditions in which the animals are living. They are very compatible with the legal system being relatively easy to assess, less subjective and highly repeatable. However, compliance with resource-based measures does not always mean good animal welfare, since these measures are generally considered to be less well correlated to the experiences of the animal.
Animal-based measures, on the other hand, measure the state of the animal based on the actual animal, its behaviour (e.g. repetitive behaviour, human-animal relationship) and/or appearance (posture, facial expression, body condition).
A change where laws on animals actually require looking at the animals has the potential to improve the relationship to the animals and is an essential shift towards farm animals being regarded as someone and not something. By acknowledging animals as whole sentient beings, we do not just see a complex system of ‘behaviours’ (e.g. walking), but first and foremost we see a “behaver”, a dynamic living being, whose movements are always meaningful and psychological expressive.
In conclusion, animal-based measures force us to look at animals and recognize that they are able to feel pain, love, joy, loneliness and fear. Implementing animal-based measures for farm animals makes us, in a practical and realistic way, take those animals that are mostly considered as mere commodities, into our moral consideration, and unveils aspects of their sentience, which are currently hidden by the law.
Hox genes polymorphism depicts developmental disruption of common sole eggs
Authors: Kavouras Menelaos , Malandrakis Emmanouil E. , Danis Theodoros , Blom Ewout , Anastassiadis Konstantinos , Panagiotaki Panagiota , Exadactylos Athanasios 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn sole aquaculture production, consistency in the quality of produced eggs throughout the year is unpredictable.Hoxgenes have a crucial role in controlling embryonic development and their genetic variation could alter the phenotype dramatically. In teleosts genome duplication led paraloghoxgenes to become diverged. Direct association of polymorphism inhoxa1a,hoxa2a&hoxa2bofSolea soleawith egg viability indicateshoxa2bas a potential genetic marker. High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis was carried out in 52 viable and 61 non-viable eggs collected at 54±6 hours post fertilization (hpf). Allelic and genotypic frequencies of polymorphism were analyzed and results illustrated a significantly increased risk for non-viability for minor alleles and their homozygous genotypes. Haplotype analysis demonstrated a significant recessive effect on the risk of non-viability, by increasing the odds of disrupting embryonic development up to three-fold. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the paralog geneshoxa2aandhoxa2b, are separated distinctly in two clades and presented a significant ω variation, revealing their diverged evolutionary rate.
Asymptomatic mediastinal extra-adrenal paraganglioma as a cause of sudden death: a case Report
Authors: Xu Qiancheng , Cao Yingya , Yin Hongzhen , Wu Rongrong , Yu Tao , Lu Weihua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA 23-year-old female patient was referred for treatment of a posterior mediastinal tumour. There was no history of hypertension or headache and no other complaints. The patient’s blood pressure increased to 210/125 mmHg after surgically manipulating the tumour, subsequently reversing to severe hypotension (25/15 mmHg) immediately after the tumour was removed. The life-threatening and irreversible blood pressure drop was difficult to treat with fluid and vasopressors, and the patient ultimately died of cardio-respiratory failure. Asymptomatic paraganglioma can be non-functional but can also be fatal. For any lump in the thoracic cavity, paraganglioma should be ruled out.
A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
Authors: Qin Pinzhu , Huang Dawei , Xu Zihao , Guan Ying , Bing Yongxin , Yu Ang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn aptasensor for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) in environmental samples was developed. It displayed high sensitivity and good selectivity. Factors such as specific binding between a FAM (5-carboxyfluorescein)-labeled aptamer (f-RP) and OTA, and a magnetic property of a streptavidin magbeads-modified capture probe (bm-CP) resulted in aptasensor’s linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of OTA. This characteristic is present at the OTA concentration ranges from 0.100 μM to 25.00 μM with a LOD (limit of detection) of 0.0690 μM. The bm-CP can be reused through melting, washing and magnetic separation, which contributes to cost reduction. In addition, the proposed method is simple and detection process is fast. The aptasensor can be used in real samples.
Study of water storage variations at the Pantanal wetlands area from GRACE monthly mass grids
Authors: Pereira Ayelen , Cornero Cecilia , Matos Ana C. O. C. , Pacino M. Cristina , Blitzkow Denizar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The continental water storage is significantly in-fluenced by wetlands, which are highly affected by climate change and anthropogenic influences. The Pantanal, located in the Paraguay river basin, is one of the world’s largest and most important wetlands because of the environmental biodiversity that represents.
The satellite gravity mission GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) provided until 2017 time-variable Earth’s gravity field models that reflected the variations due to mass transport processes-like continental water storage changes-which allowed to study environments such as wetlands, at large spatial scales.
The water storage variations for the period 2002-2016, by using monthly land water mass grids of Total Water Storage (TWS) derived from GRACE solutions, were evaluated in the Pantanal area.
The capability of the GRACE mission for monitoring this particular environment is analyzed, and the comparison of the water mass changes with rainfall and hydrometric heights data at different stations distributed over the Pantanal region was carried out. Additionally, the correlation between the TWS and river gauge measurements, and the phase differences for these variables, were also evaluated. Results show two distinct zones: high correlations and low phase shifts at the north, and smaller correlation values and consequently significant phase differences towards the south. This situation is mainly related to the hydrogeological domains of the area.
Crystal structure of bis(μ3-oxido)-bis(μ2–2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoato-κ2O:O′)-bis(2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoato-κO)-oktakis(3-chlorobenzyl-κC)tetratin(IV), C84H52Cl8F16O10Sn4
Authors: Sun Junshan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
C84H52Cl8F16O10Sn4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 11.2999(9) Å, b = 14.1471(11) Å, c = 15.2378(12) Å, α = 67.656(1)°, β = 72.115(1)°, γ = 69.730(1)°, V = 2069.9(3) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0284, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0732, T = 293(2) K.
Das hochbegabte Kind zwischen Eliteförderung und Hilfsbedürftigkeit 1978 bis 1985
Authors: Schregel Susanne 
Published: January 2020

Vorspann
Im Laufe der konservativen Wende der 1980er Jahre wurde Hochbegabung in der Bundesrepublik zu einem Schlüsselbegriff, um das Verhalten und die Bildungserfahrungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu deuten. Susanne Schregel zeigt, wie sich Debatten um das Wohl und Wehe des hochbegabten Kinds mit Auseinandersetzungen um Elitebildung, Gerechtigkeit und Leistung in der Demokratie verbanden. Sie macht deutlich, wie sich das hochbegabte Kind in einer politisch polarisierten Situation als eine Kippfigur konstituierte, die je nach Wahrnehmung und Betrachtungswinkel ein anderes Motiv ergab: Mit Referenzen der Spitzenbegabung und Elite verhieß das hochbegabte Kind besondere Fähigkeiten, Leistung und Erfolge. Diese Termini der Spitze und der Führung negierte die Figur jedoch sogleich wieder, indem sie in solche der Gefährdung und Hilfe übersetzt wurden. Durch ihre inneren Ambiguitäten erweist sich die Figur des hochbegabten Kindes damit als symptomatisch für die Widersprüche einer Gesellschaft, die in Abwendung von bildungspolitischen Leitlinien der 1970er Jahre individuelle Auslese und Spitzenförderung zu betonen begann, ohne jedoch das Versprechen der Gleichheit ausdrücklich aufgeben zu wollen.
A Microbe Associated with Sleep Revealed by a Novel Systems Genetic Analysis of the Microbiome in Collaborative Cross Mice
Authors: Bubier Jason A , Philip Vivek M , Quince Christopher , Campbell James , Zhou Yanjiao , Vishnivetskaya Tatiana , Duvvuru Suman , Blair Rachel Hageman , Ndukum Juliet , Donohue Kevin D , Foster Carmen M , Mellert David J , Weinstock George , Culiat Cymbeline T , O’Hara Bruce F , Palumbo Anthony V , Podar Mircea , Chesler Elissa J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Host genetic diversity provides a variable selection environment and physiological context for microbiota and their interaction with host physiology. Using a highly diverse mouse population, Bubier et al. identified that Odoribacter abundance influences sleep archi-tecture in a manner...
The microbiome influences health and disease through complex networks of host genetics, genomics, microbes, and environment. Identifying the mechanisms of these interactions has remained challenging. Systems genetics in laboratory mice (Mus musculus) enables data-driven discovery of biological network components and mechanisms of host–microbial interactions underlying disease phenotypes. To examine the interplay among the whole host genome, transcriptome, and microbiome, we mapped QTL and correlated the abundance of cecal messenger RNA, luminal microflora, physiology, and behavior in a highly diverse Collaborative Cross breeding population. One such relationship, regulated by a variant on chromosome 7, was the association of Odoribacter (Bacteroidales) abundance and sleep phenotypes. In a test of this association in the BKS.Cg-Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/J mouse model of obesity and diabetes, known to have abnormal sleep and colonization by Odoribacter, treatment with antibiotics altered sleep in a genotype-dependent fashion. The many other relationships extracted from this study can be used to interrogate other diseases, microbes, and mechanisms.
Examination of activity books used in pre-school music education
Authors: Burak Sabahat 
Published: January 2020

Music in pre-school education is an important field in terms of affective, cognitive and psychomotor development of children. In order to increase the quality of music education, musical activities should be appropriate to the level of children, educational and entertaining. In recent years, pre-school music education has been carried out within the framework of play, movement, dance, rhythm and improvisation, separate from the traditional approach. Teachers need supplementary books containing songs, games and activities in accordance with the required pre-school gains to be used in musical activities. There are ancillary resources mentioned in the music education literature that include these activities and are informative for teachers. However, the adequacy of the existing activity books is an important issue in terms of the better implementation of pre-school music education. This study aimed to examine the activity books that teachers use in pre-school music education. The study is a document review. Books were analysed in terms of activities and songs.
Keywords: Music education, pre-school, activity books.
Management of learning facilities
Authors: Kingsley Obasi Veronica 
Published: January 2020

Facilities management is an integral part of the overall management of the school. The actualisation of the goals and objectives of education requires the provision, maximum utilisation and appropriate management of the facilities. The primary purpose of the teaching and learning process is to bring about in the learner desirable change in behaviour through critical thinking. These processes do not take place in a vacuum but rather in an environment structured to facilitate learning. As stated in the conference objective, the match between an individualâ€™s characteristics with the learning environment together with the management of those learning environment is also important. Learning facilities management is a process that ensures that buildings and other technical systems support the operation of an organisation. This will improve the quality of teaching and learning facilities. A direct relationship exists between the quality of learning facilities provided and the quality of the products of the school. The physical environment of a school is a major determining factor in the attainment of its objectives. This paper describes the concept, nature, types of learning facilities, the need for learning facilities in the school and facility management methodologist. It recommended among others that school managers and teachers who constantly use learning facilities be given orientation on the maintenance of such facilities.
Keywords: Learning, facilities, management and need for learning facilities.