bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pemberian Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula (CMA) dan Dosis Pupuk Kandang Ayam terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Jagung (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Farida Rani , Chozin M.A. 
Published: May 2020

Pemberian VAM dan dosis pupuk kandang ayam telah diteliti terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung menggunakan rancangan split plot dengan rancangan lingkungan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak. Faktor pertama sebagai petak utama adalah VAM (tanpa VAM dan dengan VAM) dan faktor kedua sebagai anak petak adalah dosis pupuk kandang ayam (0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 ton ha-1). Dosis pupuk kandang ayam 0 ton ha-1 digunakan untuk menentukan 100% pupuk anorganik dan dosis lain dari pupuk kandang ayam digunakan untuk menentukan 50% dari pupuk anorganik. Secara statistik, penerapan VAM tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung. Penggunaan VAM memberikan tinggi tanaman lebih tinggi dari tinggi tanaman tanpa menggunakan VAM pada 9 minggu setelah tanam. Beberapa perlakuan dengan VAM menunjukkan pertumbuhan dan produksi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa VAM. Pemberian dosis pupuk kandang ayam menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung. Dosis pupuk kandang ayam memberikan respon linear pada tinggi tanaman saat 9 minggu setelah tanam dan jagung berbiji.
Mekanisme Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi dalam Proses Penyadapan dilihat dari Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM)
Authors: Nussy Jennifer Ingelyne 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Recognition and protection of a guarantee of human dignity to earn a respectable place in the eyes of the law and government. Related to the interests of law enforcement, the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) for the purpose of wiretapping evidence in court, while will protecting the privacyrights of suspects. Legal protections for the accused to be seen as matter of law adopted. Therefore, the protection of the privacy rights of a person to be seen in the investigation process. For the Commission to conduct wiretaps should see privacy rights as stipulated in the law and the government should establish a special set of rules that intercepts, thus providing the possibility for law enforcement has the authority to do so does not conflict with human rights.
The Directive 2016/97 On Insurance Distribution (IDD) And Private International Law
Authors: Fras Mariusz 
Published: May 2020

Clear normative grounds for the information obligation are visible in the Directive (EU) 2016/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 January 2016 on insurance distribution (hereinafter: IDD). One of the challenges before insurance law is to answer the question whether and how one should sanction violations of disclosure obligations resulting in the absence of the desired insurance protection. In this aspect important legal problem is law applicable to the assessment of liability for violation of disclosure obligations by the insurer.
The second important problem is law applicable to the assessment of liability for violation of disclosure obligations by third parties vis-a-vis the insurer. Some remarks concerning jurisdiction in matters relating to the loss of chance to become insured, have different practical implications.
ANNULMENT OF MARRIAGE IN POLISH LAW AND DECLARATION OF NULLITY OF MARRIAGE IN CANON LAW – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Bzdyrak Grzegorz 
Published: May 2020

Annulment and nullity of marriage are two institutions that function in two separate and independent legal systems. Despite some similarities, they cannot be used interchangeably. The differences between the annulment and declaring nullityof marriage follow mainly from the fact that the canonical marriage between baptized persons is a sacrament, a lifelong and indissoluble bond. For this reason, once validly contracted, it cannot be annulled or dissolved by divorce, but only bythe death of a spouse or a dispensation from an unconsummated marriage and the privilege of faith. In the case when marriage is contracted, despite the existence of impediments to marriage, the ecclesiastical tribunal, after completing the relevant proceedings, declares its nullity whereby this judgment is of a declarative nature. In the case of annulment of marriage, the legislator provided for some restriction as to the persons authorized to file a claim, and it also listed the situations in which, even though marriage was contracted in breach of law, its annulment is not possible. Therefore, convalidation by force of law is permissible. Such validation and such restrictions have not been provided by the ecclesiastical legislator, although the convalidation of marriage is possible as long as the matrimonial consent continues and some additional conditions have been satisfied. The judgment regarding the annulment of marriage is constitutive, although the effects of annulment have retroactive effects, whereby the legislator stated that for certain relationships, the rules of divorce shall be applicable.
Both in the state and canonical orders, there are three groups of reasons that are the basis for annulment and declaration of nullity of marriage. These are impediments to marriage, defects to the declarations of intention of the spousesand defects to the mandate to contract marriage. The individual reasons have been briefly discussed to present the differences in their understanding under canon law and state law.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of perinatal chronic lung disease by infant gestational age
Authors: Mavunda K. , Jiang X. , Ambrose C.S. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Children with perinatal chronic lung disease (CLD) are at elevated risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in the first two years of life. The American Academy of Pediatrics policy does not recommend RSV immunoprophylaxis for infants with CLD born at ≥32 weeks’ gestational age (wGA). The objective of this study was to describe the number and clinical characteristics of US infants in this population. METHODS: Birth hospitalization data from the Kids’ Inpatient Database were utilized to estimate the prevalence of CLD (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD-9] = 770.7) in 2003-2012 overall and by gestational age (ICD-9 = 765.21–765.29). CLD birth hospitalizations were evaluated by length of stay, costs, ventilatory support, and inpatient mortality. RESULTS: A total of 33,537 infants were diagnosed with CLD, representing 0.2% of US births; 79% had wGA coded in the database. Among infants with CLD with wGA, 3.5% were born at >32 wGA, representing 7 of every 100,000 US births, or approximately 300 infants annually. Across all wGA categories, birth hospitalization length of stay and costs were elevated, and mechanical ventilation use ranged from 73% to 97%. All-cause inpatient mortality was highest among those <27 wGA and >32 wGA. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 300 infants born at >32 wGA are diagnosed with CLD annually in the United States. The all-cause perinatal mortality rate is high in this population. The rationale for excluding this small but high-risk group of infants from the recommendations for RSV immunoprophylaxis is unclear.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CYTOLOGICAL FINDINGS OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS IN ANMCH OF GAYA, BIHAR, INDIA
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Prasad Jaideo 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
Some of the cancer control programmes and screening tests have checked the cervical cancer incidence and its related mortality. The incidence and death rate due to cervical cancer is reduced upto 80% in some of the developing countries. Pap smear cytology is useful to detect and evaluate the degree of cellular alterations seen among cervical abnormalities. As Pap smear screening test is simple, rapid and cost effective, it is an ideal tool for mass screening programmes and better reliable results are obtained compared to other tests. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Clinical Evaluation of Cytological Findings of Cervical PAP Smears in ANMCH Gaya, Bihar, India.
The present study was planned in Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar, India. In the present study 25 cases of the females cervical smears of patients undergone Papanicolaou (Pap) smear testing were enrolled in the present study. Pap smears were obtained from squamocolumnar junction with the help of Ayre’s spatula. The material obtained was quickly smeared on a clean glass slide and the smear was immediately fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. In the central laboratory, the slides were stained with Papanicolaou stain and examined under light microscope. The cytological interpretation of the smears was made according to The Bethesda System 2014 (TBS).
The data generated from the present study concludes that Pap smear tests are inexpensive and affordable by the patients. This Procedure doesn’t need experts and specialists for collection of smear. Early detection of possibility of malignancy helps in prompt treatment at early stage and prolongation of life expectancy of many women and reduce the mortality and morbidity of cancer cervix. Till today Pap smear test is the most useful screening procedure for cervical cancer.
Keywords: cytology, pap smear, screening, squamous intraepithelial lesion, etc.
EFFICACY OF LAPAROSCOPIC SPLENECTOMY IN THALASSEMIA PATIENTS
Authors: Kumar Abhay , . Nandani , Kishore Nipendra , . Anil 
Published: May 2020

Thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic disorders in India. Approximately 7500- 12,000 babies with β-thalassemia major are born every year in the country. [13] Because of the magnitude of the disease and health-care burden it poses, it has been covered as part of various National Programs by the Government of India. Children with features of hypersplenism and increased packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion requirement are referred to the pediatric surgical unit for splenectomy. Open splenectomy is performed with utmost care and only when clearly indicated. Regular follow-up assessments are done following splenectomy.
The present study was planned in Department of General surgery, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. The study was conducted from March 2018 to June 2019. In the present study 20 patients diagnosed with the thalassemia in which the splenectomy was suggested. A single team were operated all the patients which headed by the second author. Hypersplenism, increased requirement of blood transfusion, haemosiderosis and abdominal discomfort due to splenomegaly revealed as indications for splenectomy. Preoperative blood transfusion were done to correct Hb >10 gm% in all patients. Immunization was done 3 weeks prior to surgery with polyvalent pneumococcal, hepatitis B and H. influenzae B vaccines for all patients.
The data generated from the present study concludes that Laparoscopic splenectomy revealed to be feasible and safe procedure to β thalassemia patients with splenomegaly. Pfannenstiel incision for specimen extraction is significantly decrease time, with low morbidity and offer better cosmetic results. The operative time in laparoscopic splenectomy is still longer than the open splenectomy but it decrease with time due to increased experience.
Keywords: Laparoscopic splenectomy, Thalassemia, Pfannenstiel incision, etc.
ASSESSMENT OF HEARING THRESHOLDS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS BASED ON GENDER AND USE OF HEADPHONES.
Authors: Kamble Mahesh D , Fernandes Celia V 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The sounds we are exposed to everyday are usually at a safe level and do not affect our hearing. However, development of latest technology and frequent use of headphones has increased the proximity of sound to the ear. Adolescents and young adults who are commonly exposed to loud music/noise are at a greater risk of developing hearing impairment. Hence the adverse effects of chronic exposure to loud sounds need to be assessed.
Objectives: To determine hearing thresholds in students (Males/Females) at various frequencies and the changes in hearing thresholds associated with prolonged exposure (>90mins) to sound.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 148 first year MBBS students.
Materials used - ALPS Advanced Digital Audiometer AD2100, bone oscillator and headphones.
Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0 with p<0.05 as significant.
Results: 1) Males have lower hearing thresholds than females except at higher frequencies where females have equal or better hearing thresholds than males.
2) The mean exposure to headphones was 115.432±92.1348 mins.
Subjects with >90mins exposure had better hearing thresholds at lower frequencies but at higher frequencies showed increase in hearing thresholds.
Conclusion: Lower hearing thresholds in females at higher frequencies could be evolutionary as females are more sensitive to high pitch sounds like baby’s cry. Prolonged exposure to loud sound damages hair cells at base of cochlea responsible for picking up high frequency sounds.
Keywords: Hearing thresholds, noise, adolescents.
Simulación de la reacción de captura neutrónica por gadolinio por medio de GEANT4
Authors: Téllez Diego Alexander , Medina Robinson Steven , Sarta José A. , Munévar Edwin , Leyva José Alfonso 
Published: May 2020

El uso de nucleidos de gadolinio como agentes de captura de neutrones en la terapia de cáncer por captura neutrónica es de gran interés debido principalmente a su alta sección eficaz de 225.000 barns. El espectro del estado final de la reacción contiene 158-gadolinio (158Gd), emisión de fotones (rayos X y rayos gamma) y electrones (conversión interna y Auger). Este espectro ofrece una física muy rica y de enorme potencial para la eliminación de células tumorales debido a su alta transferencia lineal de energía. En este trabajo presentamos simulaciones de este proceso, realizadas en las últimas seis versiones de Geant4 (10.00.p04, 10.01.p03, 10.02.p03, 10.03.p03, 10.04.p03 y 10.05.p01). Tomando en cuenta que para este trabajo nos interesan particularmente los neutrones de baja energía (energías < 20 MeV), usaremos el paquete G4NeutronHP. Finalmente obtenemos el conteo de eventos, la energía promedio y las distribuciones angulares (theta y phi) de las partículas en el estado final, encontrando, de esta manera, que para neutrones de baja energía, el estudio de la reacción de captura neutrónica por 158Gd es viable con Geant4.
Una aproximación a la implementación de los estudios de futuro en el Servicio Geológico Colombiano
Authors: Parrado Lozano Guillermo 
Published: May 2020

Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica relacionada con los conceptos fundamentales y metodologías aplicables en una estrategia de construcción social del conocimiento de los escenarios posibles, probables y deseables para el desarrollo del Servicio Geológico Colombiano —entidad pública nacional de ciencia y tecnología— en el siglo XXI. Partiendo de los conceptos fundamentales, luego se muestra una breve reseña histórica de los desarrollos de la prospectiva como disciplina, para finalizar con una aproximación al rol de las geociencias y las ciencias nucleares, pilares de la consolidación del Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC) como líder en el ámbito de sus competencias en nuestro país.
Contribuciones actuales de la Geografía de género y homosexualidad desde el espacio urbano
Authors: Paz Jazmin , Arroyo Lucinda , Frausto Oscar 
Published: May 2020

En este artículo se expone una revisión analítica actual de las vitales contribuciones, en especial latinoamericanas y de otros países, en la construcción teórica-investigativa del espacio urbano, con perspectiva de género, específicamente homosexual. Con la finalidad de evidenciar cómo la comunidad gay y hombres habitan interconectadamente espacios y donde producen significados de formas diversas dentro de la ciudad. Y de esta manera contribuir en la comprensión de las formas adyacentes en la conformación de espacios para las prácticas emancipatorias en lo urbano y social, ya que las dinámicas homosexuales y el espacio público, son uno de los componentes sustanciales de la ciudad. Para tal objetivo se llevó a cabo la exploración de libros, artículos científicos e investigaciones a partir de la década de los noventa hasta la actualidad. Donde se logró identificar concepciones teóricas, ejes temáticos, así como problemáticas particulares encontradas en los distintos ámbitos de la investigación. De igual manera, se expresan desafíos pendientes en cuanto al desarrollo de las manifestaciones espaciales de la homosexualidad.
TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM
OF THE SMOLENSK REGION (1917–1922)
Authors: Kupchenko Konstantin , Fedoskin Nikolay 
Published: May 2020

The article analyzes the results of the state policy implementation withing the formation and development of the Soviet judicial system on the example of Smolensk Governoral Court. The authors set the goal, based on the analysis of sources not introduced
into a wide scientific circulation, primarily stored at the State Archive of the Smolensk Region to restore the history of the creation and operation of justice institutions in the Smolensk region in the 1918s–1923s. The source base of the study was composed of documents stored at Smolensk State Regional Archive, materials on the history of the judiciary,
statistical materials of the period under the study, documents on the history of the party-state bodies of the Smolensk region.
The article studies current office documentation of both the higher and regional state bodies (Workers 'and Peasants' Government, People's Commissariat of Justice, Smolensk Governoral Executive Committee) and local authorities (Smolensk Council of Working People's Deputies, Executive
Committee of Smolensk Governoral Council of Workers, Peasants' and Red Army Deputies), as well as Smolensk Governoral Court.
The authors analyze the Soviet experience in the formation and development of judicial bodies under specific historical conditions; they consider transformations in the judicial system of the Smolensk Governorate in the 1917s–1922s, as well as the formation of Smolensk Governoral Court. The article studies
legal foundations of the Soviet judicial system formation, characterizes processes of creating a judicial apparatus in the first years of Soviet power and analyzes activities of Smolensk Governoral Court during its formation. The authors reveal the essence, degree of efficiency, concrete results,
political and socio-economic consequences, positive and negative lessons from the Soviet judicial system existed in Russia.
The authors assume that the development of new legislation system in the 1920s was caused by the need to reform legal sources as the main means of socialism building.
The authors conclude that the transformation of the Soviet judicial system completed the transition from the principle of «revolutionary expediency» to the principle of «revolutionary legality».
CONCESSIONS OF THE 1920s – THE FIRST ATTEMPT
TO ESTABLISH ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THE WEST
Authors: Ilyukhov Alexander 
Published: May 2020

The article analyzes the use of concessions to attract foreign capital and technology in an almost complete economic blockade because of the revolution and civil war, as well as the fact that the revolution in other foreign countries has not
occured. The article indicates particular regulations in the procedure for the infusion of foreign concessions into Soviet Russia. In addition, the paper points out how this
process gradually developed, as well as what problems arose for western investors in the course of investing their capital in the country. The author shows particular industries that mostly used foreign capital, names donor countries, and provides statistical data on the number of applications for the opening of concessional filed by foreign investors. The paper provides examples of specific concessions. The author draws attention
to the careful selection of concessionaires, states the principles of concessions’ operation in terms of planned and command economy. The original literature of the 1920s is used in the article. The aticle defines the concessions’ place and
role in the Russian economy. The author points out that the questions arising between the Soviet power
and foreign investors concern price policy and employed workers’ compensation that, however, was not typical of all concessions. Moreover, the article provides statistical data concerning the number of contracts concluded in the main sectors of
the economy and the benefit it brought to the economy, as well as the number of citizens of Soviet Russia involved in the economic activities of foreign concessions.
The author makes a conclusion that the state policy of concessions was a forced measure aimed at improving the state economic development by attracting foreign capital and technology.
CELTIC FRINGES AND CENTRAL POWER IN GREAT BRITAIN:
HISTORY AND MODERNITY
Authors: Yerokhin Vladimir 
Published: May 2020

The article deals with history of interrelations between political centre and Celtic fringes of Great Britain in modern and contemporary times. As soon as nationalist movements in Celtic fringes became more active from the mid 1960s, the need appeared to analyze the history of interrelations between central
power and Celtic regions in order to understand causes of Celtic people’s striving for obtaining more rights and even state independence. The article ascertains that attitude of central power to Celtic fringes was complicated by ethno-cultural differences between Englishmen and Celtic people, which resulted in discrimination of Scotland, Wales and Ireland by London's policy towards Celtic regions. Since British industrialization evolved the central power in Great Britain, it created conditions for balanced comprehensive
development of industrial economy only in English counties, whereas Celtic regions were permitted to develop only branches of economic activity which were non-competitive to English business. The level of people’s income in Celtic fringes was always lower than in English parts of Great Britain. There was an
established practice that English business dominated in Celtic regions and determined the economic development of Celtic regions. The English as distinct from Celts had prior opportunities to be engaged on more prestigious and highly paid positions. Celtic population’s devotion to preservation of their culture
and ethno-cultural identity found expression in religious sphere so that Nonconformity and Presbyterianism accordingly dominated among Welshmen and Scotsmen. Political movements in Celtic fringes put forward ethno-cultural demands
rather than social class ones in their activities.
During the first half of the XX century the opposition between Celtic fringes and central power in Great Britain showed that in parliamentary elections Celtic population gave their votes mainly for the members of Labour Party. From the mid-1960s nationalist movements in Celtic fringes became more active. They began to make slogans of political independence. The author of the
article comes to conclusion that interrelations of central power in Great Britain towards Celtic fringes can be adequately described by notions of I. Wallerstein’s world-system analysis and M. Hechter's model of internal colonialism.
A BME Idegen Nyelvi Központ Tolmács- és Fordítóképző Központjának őszi konferenciája
Authors: Szabó Csilla 
Published: May 2020

A BME Idegen Nyelvi Központ Tolmács- és Fordítóképző Központjának őszi konferenciája
(Budapest, BME INYK, 2019. szeptember 27.)