bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous large‐bore axillary access is a safe alternative to surgical approach: A systematic review
Authors: Southmayd Geoffrey , Hoque Azizul , Kaki Amir , Tayal Rajiv , Rab S. Tanveer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically review relevant literature regarding cardiovascular outcomes of large‐bore axillary arterial access via percutaneous and surgical approaches.BackgroundIn patients with severe peripheral arterial disease (PAD) undergoing cardiac interventions, large‐bore femoral access may be prohibitive. The axillary artery provides an alternative vascular access for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or mechanical circulatory support. There have been limited comparisons of percutaneous transaxillary (pTAX) approach with the more traditional surgical transaxillary (sTAX) approach.MethodsPubmed and Medline databases were queried through January 2019 for studies describing pTAX or sTAX approaches with TAVR or Impella insertion. Primary outcomes were access‐related mortality, 30‐day mortality, stroke, major vascular complications, and major bleeding.ResultsOne hundred and fifty five studies were reviewed, with additional unpublished data from 1 institution. Twenty‐two studies met the inclusion criteria. Patient data was heterogeneous, with 69% TAVR and 31% Impella use in the pTAX group, and 96% TAVR and 4% Impella use in the sTAX group. There was more cardiogenic shock in the pTAX group. When compared to surgical approach, the percutaneous approach had similar 30‐day mortality for TAVR (5.6% vs 4.6%, OR non‐significant) and Impella (43.4% vs 38.6%, OR non‐significant), similar stroke rates (4.3% vs 4.2%, OR non‐significant), similar major vascular complications (2.8% vs 2.3%, OR non‐significant) and less major bleeding (2.7% vs 17.9%, OR significant).ConclusionsData suggests large‐bore pTAX access has similar 30‐day mortality, stroke rates, and major vascular complications as sTAX access, with less major bleeding. Additional studies are needed to validate results.
The endoscopic aspect of foraminal anatomy and dorsal root ganglion in percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy
Authors: Kapetanakis Stylianos , Gkantsinikoudis Nikolaos , Thomaidis Tryfon , Georgoudis Michalis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPercutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy (PTED) offers an exceptional visualization of foraminal anatomy. Dorsal root ganglion and adjacent foraminal structures are satisfactorily visualized, thereby minimizing the risk of their intraoperative injury.
An unusual case of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma complicating a Crohn's disease
Authors: Sabbah Meriam , Ben Farhat Fatma , Bellil Nawel , Khanchel Fatma , Ouakaa Asma , Gargouri Dalila 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClinicians should keep in mind that Crohn's disease may be complicated by neoplasia such as adenocarcinomas or lymphomas, especially if the disease duration is long and the patient is under immunosuppressive therapy.
Financial knowledge overconfidence and early withdrawals from retirement accounts
Authors: Lee Sunwoo Tessa , Hanna Sherman D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEarly distributions from retirement accounts could endanger future retirement income security, and the U.S. has restrictions to discourage them, including possible tax penalties. On the other hand, tapping one's retirement assets may be rational when an individual encounters financial hardship. With the 2020 Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, early distribution from retirement accounts became an even more attractive option to individuals. In this study, we examined factors related to individuals' decision of taking hardship withdrawals and plan loans, focusing on financial knowledge and overconfidence in financial knowledge, using the 2018 National Financial Capability Study dataset. We found evidence that people may be making early withdrawals without understanding possible consequences. Objective financial knowledge was negatively related to hardship withdrawals and plan loans, but the subjective assessment of financial knowledge was positively related to hardship withdrawals. Respondents with financial knowledge overconfidence (high subjective and low objective knowledge) were more likely to take early withdrawals than those with other combinations of objective and subjective knowledge. We discuss implications for public policy and financial education and advice.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Apple Pomace
Authors: Kaiser Doreen , Bertau Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractApfeltrester ist ein komplexes, kohlenhydratreiches Koppelprodukt der Herstellung von Apfelsaft und ein interessanter Rohstoff zur Produktion von Plattformchemikalien wie Ethanol und Essigsäure. Durch simultane Verzuckerung und Fermentation wurde der Trester zu 82 % abgebaut. Im Fermentationsmedium betrug die Ethanolkonzentration ∼5,7 Vol.‐%, was eine wirtschaftliche Weiterverarbeitung des Ethanols ermöglicht. Tanksediment und Begleitstoffe sind ebenfalls einer fermentativen Verwertung zugänglich, mit Essigsäure als bevorzugtem Produkt. Das N‐reiche Tanksediment kann einen Teil des benötigten Frischwassers ersetzen und macht die Zugabe von Mikronährstoffen überflüssig.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Guerrero‐Pérez M. Olga , Patience Gregory S. , Bañares Miguel A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen photons impinge on a substrate, most scatter with the same frequency (elastic scattering or Rayleigh dispersion) and only 10−7 scatter with a different energy (inelastic scattering). This inelastic interaction (Raman scattering) exchanges energy in the region of molecular vibrational transitions for crystalline and amorphous materials. Raman bands in a spectra represent vibrational transitions, like infrared, however the selection rules are different. Typically, the vibrations that are intense in Raman are weak in infrared and vice versa. A remarkable feature of the Raman effect is that it is highly sensitive to nanocrystals, even below 4 nm, which are too small to generate XRD patterns. Plasmonic enhancement, like surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) boost the Raman signal by 104, providing single‐molecule detection capability. Glass, quartz, and sapphire are transparent to Raman effect (depending on the energy of the incident excitation radiation), which makes it ideal to examine materials under reaction conditions (in‐situ cells and operando reactors that operate over a broad range of temperature, pressures, and environments). Raman spectroscopy emerged in the 1930s; however, infrared spectrometry displaced it. With the advent of powerful lasers in the 1970s, more researchers began to apply Raman routinely. In 2019, the Web of Science indexed 20 400 articles mentioning Raman against 50 000 articles mentioning infrared. Chemical engineers apply Raman less frequently than in material science, physical chemistry, and applied physics, with 887 articles vs 6250, 3700, and 3510 for the other disciplines. A bibliometric analysis identified four research clusters centred on thin films and optics, graphene and nanocomposites, nanoparticles and SERS, and photocatalyst.
A Structure−Activity Relationship Study of Novel Hydroxamic Acid Inhibitors around the S1 Subsite of Human Aminopeptidase N
Authors: Lee Jisook , Drinkwater Nyssa , McGowan Sheena , Scammells Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) is a zinc‐dependent ubiquitous transmembrane ectoenzyme that is widely present in different types of cells. APN is one of the most extensively studied metalloaminopeptidases as an anti‐cancer target due to its significant role in the regulation of metastasis and angiogenesis. Previously, we identified a potent and selective APN inhibitor, N‐(2‐(Hydroxyamino)‐2‐oxo‐1‐(3′,4′,5′‐trifluoro‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)ethyl)‐4‐(methylsulfonamido)benzamide (3). Herein, we report the further modifications performed to explore SAR around the S1 subsite of APN and to improve the physicochemical properties. A series of hydroxamic acid analogues were synthesised, and the pharmacological activities were evaluated in vitro. N‐(1‐(3′‐Fluoro‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)‐2‐(hydroxyamino)‐2‐oxoethyl)‐4‐(methylsulfonamido)benzamide (6 f) was found to display an extremely potent inhibitory activity in the sub‐nanomolar range.
Expanding the Perseus Software for Omics Data Analysis With Custom Plugins
Authors: Yu Sung‐Huan , Ferretti Daniela , Schessner Julia P. , Rudolph Jan Daniel , Borner Georg H. H. , Cox Jürgen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Perseus software provides a comprehensive framework for the statistical analysis of large‐scale quantitative proteomics data, also in combination with other omics dimensions. Rapid developments in proteomics technology and the ever‐growing diversity of biological studies increasingly require the flexibility to incorporate computational methods designed by the user. Here, we present the new functionality of Perseus to integrate self‐made plugins written in C#, R, or Python. The user‐written codes will be fully integrated into the Perseus data analysis workflow as custom activities. This also makes language‐specific R and Python libraries from CRAN (cran.r‐project.org), Bioconductor (bioconductor.org), PyPI (pypi.org), and Anaconda (anaconda.org) accessible in Perseus. The different available approaches are explained in detail in this article. To facilitate the distribution of user‐developed plugins among users, we have created a plugin repository for community sharing and filled it with the examples provided in this article and a collection of already existing and more extensive plugins. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Basic steps for R pluginsSupport Protocol 1: R plugins with additional argumentsBasic Protocol 2: Basic steps for python pluginsSupport Protocol 2: Python plugins with additional argumentsBasic Protocol 3: Basic steps and construction of C# pluginsBasic Protocol 4: Basic steps of construction and connection for R plugins with C# interfaceSupport Protocol 4: Advanced example of R Plugin with C# interface: UMAPBasic Protocol 5: Basic steps of construction and connection for python plugins with C# interfaceSupport Protocol 5: Advanced example of python plugin with C# interface: UMAPSupport Protocol 6: A basic workflow for the analysis of label‐free quantification proteomics data using perseus
The Isolation of Stress Granules From Plant Material
Authors: Kosmacz Monika , Skirycz Aleksandra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStress granules (SGs) are ubiquitous nonmembrane‐bound assemblies of protein and mRNA formed under stress conditions associated with stalled translation. SGs are evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes. The canonical function of SGs is to selectively protect mRNAs and proteins from unfolding and prevent degradation induced by diverse environmental stresses. Moreover, sequestration into SGs provides an elegant way to regulate protein activities. Disassembly of SGs upon stress recovery is accompanied by the reactivation of protein translation and protein activities. The regulatory importance of SGs has been corroborated by recent studies describing the multiomics analysis of the composition of SGs from yeast, animal, and plant cells. Herein, we describe an isolation protocol of SGs that allows for the identification of proteins, mRNA, and metabolites sequestered into SG cores. Furthermore, the described protocols can be used to isolate other SG‐like foci. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of SG‐enriched fraction from plant materialBasic Protocol 2: Affinity purification to isolate SGsBasic Protocol 3: Simultaneous extraction of proteins and metabolites from affinity‐purified beadsBasic Protocol 4: Protein digestion on affinity‐purified beadsBasic Protocol 5: Data analysis
Global DNA methylation predicts epigenetic reprogramming and transgenerational plasticity in Poa annua L
Authors: Benson Christopher W. , Mao Qing , Huff David R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPoa annua L. (annual bluegrass) is a remarkably versatile grass species with biotypes ranging from perennial to annual. Despite its recent evolutionary origins, Poa annua can be found as an invasive weed on all seven continents of the globe including extremely inhospitable locations such as Mount Kilimanjaro and the Antarctic mainland. The molecular mechanisms underlying Poa annua versatility are unresolved but thought to relate to its neoallopolyploid origin and influence diverse molecular responses ranging from DNA methylation to chromosomal architecture. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) karyotyping of 5S rDNA loci added further evidence for Poa infirma Kunth. (weak bluegrass) and Poa supina Schrad. (supina bluegrass) as the progenitor species of Poa annua while results of 45S rDNA were less clear and possibly suggest that large‐scale variation in chromosomal architecture might have occur between individual Poa annua genotypes. At the methylation level, abiotic stress was observed to induce global DNA methylation, and methylation in the progeny of stressed plants remained slightly elevated, suggesting partial heritability of the methylation landscape acquired through abiotic stress on the parents. Further, the progeny of mowed clones had 37% reduced shoot area when compared with the progeny of unmowed clones across eight genotypes, suggesting that the altered phenotype is non‐Mendelian inherited. Poa annua plasticity and transgenerational inheritance is correlated with increased DNA methylation at the global level but causality needs experimental validation. These results suggest that Poa annua plastic phenotype is matched by genetic and epigenetic plasticity.
Burrow ambient temperature influences Helice crab activity and availability for migratory Red‐crowned cranes Grus japonensis
Authors: Li Donglai , Zhang Jing , Chen Lingyu , Lloyd Huw , Zhang Zhengwang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor migratory birds that specialize on particular benthic macroinvertebrate species, the timing of migration is critical since prey availability may be temporally limited and a function of local ambient temperature. Hence, variation in local ambient temperature can influence the diet composition of migrant birds, and, consequently, they may be constrained by which stopover and wintering sites they are able to utilize during periods of colder temperatures. Here, we use fecal analysis, observer‐based population counts, digital video recordings, and temperature data to test five predictions regarding the influence of local ambient temperature on the activity and availability of mudflat crabs—a key prey resource at three staging/wintering sites in eastern China, for migratory Red‐crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) and how this subsequently influences crane diet and use of wetland sites. Pearson's correlations and generalized linear models revealed that mudflat crabs became significantly more surface active with increasing burrow ambient temperature. Piecewise regression analysis revealed that crab surface activity was largely limited to a burrow ambient temperature threshold between 12 and 13℃ after which activity significantly increased. Crab activity declining temporally during the crane's autumn migration period but increased during spring migration. Crabs accounted for a significant proportion of crane diet at two of three sites; however, the frequency of crab remains was significantly different between sites, and between autumn and spring migration. Analyses of crane count data revealed a degree of congruence between the migration timing of Red‐crowned cranes with periods of warmer ambient temperature, and a significant, positive correlation between the percentage of crab remains in crane feces and site ambient temperature. Collectively, our data suggest that temperature‐related mudflat crab activity may provide an important time window for migratory Red‐crowned cranes to utilize critical stopover sites and the crabs’ food resources.
Effect of disease‐modifying agents and their association with mortality in multi‐morbid patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Straw Sam , McGinlay Melanie , Relton Samuel D. , Koshy Aaron O. , Gierula John , Paton Maria F. , Drozd Michael , Lowry Judith E , Cole Charlotte , Cubbon Richard M , Witte Klaus K. , Kearney Mark T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsAn increasing proportion of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have co‐morbidities. The effect of these co‐morbidities on modes of death and the effect of disease‐modifying agents in multi‐morbid patients is unknown.Methods and resultsWe performed a prospective cohort study of ambulatory patients with HFrEF to assess predictors of outcomes. We identified four key co‐morbidities—ischaemic aetiology of heart failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD)—that were highly prevalent and associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality. We used these data to explore modes of death and the utilization of disease‐modifying agents in patients with and without these co‐morbidities. The cohort included 1789 consecutively recruited patients who had an average age of 69.6 ± 12.5 years, and 1307 (73%) were male. Ischaemic aetiology of heart failure was the most common co‐morbidity, occurring in 1061 (59%) patients; 503 (28%) patients had diabetes mellitus, 283 (16%) had COPD, and 140 (8%) had CKD stage IV/V. During mean follow‐up of 3.8 ± 1.6 years, 737 (41.5%) patients died, classified as progressive heart failure (n = 227, 32%), sudden (n = 112, 16%), and non‐cardiovascular deaths (n = 314, 44%). Multi‐morbid patients were older (P < 0.001), more likely to be male (P < 0.001), and had higher New York Heart Association class (P < 0.001), despite having higher left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (P = 0.001) and lower LV end‐diastolic diameter (P = 0.001). Multi‐morbid patients were prescribed lower doses of disease‐modifying agents, especially patients with COPD who received lower doses of beta‐adrenoceptor antagonists (2.7 ± 3.0 vs. 4.1 ± 3.4 mg, P < 0.001) and were less likely to be implanted with internal cardioverter defibrillators (7% vs. 13%, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, COPD and diabetes mellitus conferred a >2.5‐fold and 1.5‐fold increased risk of sudden death, whilst higher doses of beta‐adrenoceptor antagonists were protective (hazard ratio per milligram 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.86–0.98, P = 0.009). Each milligram of bisoprolol‐equivalent beta‐adrenoceptor antagonist was associated with 9% (P = 0.001) and 11% (P = 0.023) reduction of sudden deaths in patients with <2 and ≥2 co‐morbidities, respectively.ConclusionsHigher doses of beta‐adrenoceptor antagonist are associated with greater protection from sudden death, most evident in multi‐morbid patients. Patients with COPD who appear to be at the highest risk of sudden death are prescribed the lowest doses and less likely to be implanted with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, which might represent a missed opportunity to optimize safe and proven therapies for these patients.
Outcomes of diuretics in rheumatic heart disease with compensated chronic heart failure: a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Cheng , Lai Yanxian , Guan Tianwang , Shen Yan , Pan Yichao , Wu Deping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this retrospective propensity score‐matched study was to evaluate the superiority of different application approaches [continuous diuretics use (CDU) vs. intermittent diuretics use (IDU)] and types [loop diuretics (LDs) vs. thiazide diuretics (TDs)] of diuretics on long‐term outcomes for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients with compensated chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods and resultsA total of 494 RHD patients with compensated CHF were analysed after propensity score matching. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to investigate the associations of different diuretic application approaches and types with all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular death (CVD), and cerebrovascular death. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of different diuretic application approaches and types with 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year heart failure (HF) re‐hospitalization as well as new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF). In the comparison between IDU and CDU strategies for RHD patients with compensated CHF, CDU was associated with increased risks of all‐cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.54–3.97, P < 0.001] and CVD (adjusted HR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.95–6.89, P < 0.001) except cerebrovascular death (adjusted HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.34–3.41, P = 0.905). CDU was also associated with increased risks of 3‐year [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.09–2.96, P = 0.022] and 5‐year (adjusted OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.18–3.45, P = 0.010) HF re‐hospitalization risk and new‐onset AF (adjusted OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.31–4.20, P = 0.004) except 1‐year HF re‐hospitalization risk (adjusted OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.88–2.70, P = 0.130). In the comparison between TDs and LDs among study participants receiving IDU strategy, LDs were only associated with decreased 1‐year HF re‐hospitalization risk (adjusted OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.12–0.77, P = 0.012) rather than all‐cause mortality, CVD, cerebrovascular death, 3‐ and 5‐year HF re‐hospitalization, and new‐onset AF (all adjusted P > 0.05). In the comparison between TDs and LDs among study participants receiving CDU strategy, LDs were not associated with cerebrovascular death and 1‐year HF re‐hospitalization (both adjusted P > 0.05) but with increased risks of all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.09–2.99, P = 0.023), CVD (adjusted HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.04–3.44, P = 0.037), 3‐year (adjusted OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.06–3.43, P = 0.031) and 5‐year (adjusted OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.12–4.19, P = 0.022) HF re‐hospitalization, and new‐onset AF (adjusted OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.25–5.68, P = 0.012).ConclusionsContinuous diuretics use (especially LDs) was associated with increased risks of all‐cause mortality, CVD, medium‐term/long‐term HF re‐hospitalization, and new‐onset AF in RHD patients with compensated CHF.
Empagliflozin inhibits Na+/H+ exchanger activity in human atrial cardiomyocytes
Authors: Trum Maximilian , Riechel Johannes , Lebek Simon , Pabel Steffen , Sossalla Samuel T. , Hirt Stephan , Arzt Michael , Maier Lars S. , Wagner Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsRecent clinical trials have proven gliflozins to be cardioprotective in diabetic and non‐diabetic patients. However, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. A potential inhibition of cardiac Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) has been suggested in animal models. We investigated the effect of empagliflozin on NHE1 activity in human atrial cardiomyocytes.Methods and resultsExpression of NHE1 was assessed in human atrial and ventricular tissue via western blotting. NHE activity was measured as the maximal slope of pH recovery after NH4+ pulse in isolated carboxy‐seminaphtarhodafluor 1 (SNARF1)‐acetoxymethylester‐loaded murine ventricular and human atrial cardiomyocytes. NHE1 is abundantly expressed in human atrial and ventricular tissue. Interestingly, compared with patients without heart failure (HF), atrial NHE1 expression was significantly increased in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation. The largest increase in atrial and ventricular NHE1 expression, however, was observed in patients with end‐stage HF undergoing heart transplantation. Importantly, acute exposure to empagliflozin (1 μmol/L, 10 min) significantly inhibited NHE activity to a similar extent in human atrial myocytes and mouse ventricular myocytes. This inhibition was also achieved by incubation with the well‐described selective NHE inhibitor cariporide (10 μmol/L, 10 min).ConclusionsThis is the first study systematically analysing NHE1 expression in human atrial and ventricular myocardium of HF patients. We show that empagliflozin inhibits NHE in human cardiomyocytes. The extent of NHE inhibition was comparable with cariporide and may potentially contribute to the improved outcome of patients in clinical trials.