bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elemental composition and moisture prediction in manure by portable X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy using random forest regression
Authors: Sapkota Yadav , Drake Brandon Lee , McDonald Louis M. , Griggs Thomas C. , Basden Thomas J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractManure elemental composition determination is essential to develop farm nutrient budgets and assess environmental risk. Portable X‐ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometers could facilitate hazardous waste‐free, rapid, and cost‐effective elemental concentration determinations. However, sample moisture is a problem for elemental concentration determination by X‐ray methods. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of sample moisture content, predict moisture content, and correct for moisture effect on elemental concentration determinations in livestock manure. Oven‐dried manure samples (n = 40) were ground and adjusted to five moisture ranges of (w/w moisture) <10%, 10–20%, 20–30%, 40–50%, and 60–70%. Samples were scanned by PXRF for 180 s using a vacuum (<1,333 Pa) and without a filter. The presence of moisture negatively affected elemental determination in manure samples. Calibrations (n = 200) were prepared using random forest regression with detector channel counts as independent variables. A three‐step validation was performed using all the data, random cross‐validation and external validation. The back end of the spectrum (14–15 keV) had strong predictive power (r2 = .98) for moisture content. The random forest approach increased r2 between PXRF and wet chemical methods from <.66 to >.90 for P, K, and Mg and from .78 to .98 for Fe, compared with linear, nonlinear, and Lucas‐Tooth and Price equations. These results indicated that elemental concentration can accurately be measured in dried and moist manure samples using PXRF and expands the potential applications of PXRF to in situ elemental determinations for agricultural and environmental samples.
Soil surfactants influence fungicide movement in United States Golf Association putting green soil
Authors: Hutchens W.J. , Gannon T.W. , Shew H.D. , Ahmed K.A. , Kerns J.P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe management of root and crown diseases of turfgrasses is challenging. To manage these diseases, golf course superintendents and other turfgrass managers often spray fungicides at a high carrier volume and irrigate after application to move fungicides into the root zone. Furthermore, previous research has demonstrated that soil surfactants can increase fungicide movement and distribution in soil. Two laboratory experiments were conducted using lysimeters, which were coated with sand on their inner walls to prevent preferential flow and contained 90/10% sand/peat moss (v/v), to determine the effects of soil surfactants on movement of selected fungicides in soil. The soil surface in the first experiment was treated three times at 2‐wk intervals with one of three soil surfactants: Aquifer (propoxylated polyethylene glycols), Fleet (polyoxyalkylene polymers), and Revolution (modified alkylated polyol). The soil in the second experiment was treated with only Revolution four times at 2‐ to 3‐wk intervals. Immediately after the final surfactant application, soil columns were treated with 14C‐labeled fungicide. 14C‐Myclobutanil was applied in the first experiment, and 14C‐azoxystrobin and 14C‐propiconazole were applied in the second experiment. In the first experiment, 14 percent units more of the recovered 14C‐myclobutanil was detected in the 5‐ to 7.6‐cm sampling depth, and >4 percent units more was detected in the 7.6‐ to 10.2‐cm depth after soil surfactant application compared with the fungicide‐alone treatment. Each soil surfactant also yielded >28% more leachate than the nontreated control. In the second experiment, the total recovered 14C‐azoxystrobin and 14C‐propiconazole in the 7.6‐ to 10.2‐cm depth increased by 2.8 and 1.9 percent units, respectively, compared with soil treated with fungicide alone. These data indicate that soil surfactant inclusion may increase fungicide distribution in soil, which may enhance the efficacy of fungicides in suppressing root and crown diseases.
Characteristics and course of patients treated with Kampo Medicine in the Department of General Medicine
Authors: Takayama Shin , Akaishi Tetsuya , Nozaki Hiroyuki , Suzuki Satoko , Arita Ryutaro , Saito Natsumi , Tanaka Junichi , Numata Takehiro , Kikuchi Akiko , Ohsawa Minoru , Abe Michiaki , Ishii Tadashi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundA recent investigation reported that 92.7% Japanese family physicians have prescribed Kampo medicine (KM). KM can treat a wide variety of conditions from mental disorders to physical weaknesses. However, the characteristics and course of patients treated with KM at the Department of General Medicine remain unclear.AimsTo investigate the characteristics and course of patients treated with KM in our hospital.MethodsData on medical history, complaints, course after Kampo treatment, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D) scores were retrogradely collected. The background of patients who received Kampo treatment was compared to that of patients who did not.ResultOf 362 patients, 51 were treated with KM. Symptoms for which KM was prescribed included pain, general malaise, or sensory disturbance of extremities. All patients treated with KM were screened and initially diagnosed with a functional disorder or noncritical condition. KM including a crude drug of saiko such as hochuekkito, shigyakusan, shosaikoto, and yokukansan, was frequently prescribed for patients. Subjective symptoms showed improvement (53%) and no change (47%), while worsening was not observed in any patient. HAM‐D scores showed that patients treated with KM had higher anxiety levels and related symptoms as well as a higher frequency of mental disorders prior to presenting at the hospital.ConclusionMost complaints of the patients treated with KM were pain, general malaise, and sensory disturbance. KM is more likely to be prescribed in patients with health‐related anxiety or a history of mental disorders.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel 4H‐pyrazole and thiophene derivatives derived from chalcone as potential anti‐proliferative agents, Pim‐1 kinase inhibitors, and PAINS
Authors: Megally Abdo Nadia Y. , Samir Eman M. , Mohareb Rafat M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe chalcone derivatives 3a‐d reacted with either malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate in ethanol in the presence of catalytic amount of ammonium acetate in an oil bath at 120°C to give the Knowevenagel condensation products 5a‐h. The latter compounds reacted with hydrazine hydrate and afforded the 4H‐pyrazole derivatives 7a‐h, respectively. The reaction of compounds 7a‐h with ethyl cyanoacetate in dimethylformamide under refluxing condition afforded the cyanoacetamido derivatives 8a‐h, respectively. When compounds 8a‐h reacted with elemental sulfur and either of malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate in ethanol containing triethylamine, the thiophene derivatives 9a‐h and 10a‐h, respectively, were obtained. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was established by the analytical and spectral data. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated against the six cancer cell lines: A549, HT‐29, MKN‐45, U87MG, and SMMC‐7721 and H460. Compounds 3c, 5h, 7g, 7h, 8f, 9e, 9g, and 10g were selected to examine their Pim‐1 kinase inhibition activity as these compounds showed high inhibition toward the c‐Met kinase and the tested cancer cell lines. Furthermore, compounds 3b, 3c, 5g, 5h, 7f, 7g, 7h, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h, 9e, 9f, 9g, 9h, 10g and 10h were selected to be tested for pan‐assay interference compounds analysis (PAINS). Almost all the tested compounds showed zero PAINS alert and can be used as drug compounds in the future.
Synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of some novel tetrahydroquinoline derivatives bearing pyrazol and hydrazide moiety
Authors: Fathy Usama , Azzam Mariam A. , Mahdy Fathia , El‐Maghraby Somia , Allam Rasha M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new series of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives having pyrazol and hydrazide moieties were synthesized for the purpose of anticancer cell line evaluation. Syntheses of these compounds were firstly achieved by one pot four reactions. The reaction of 3‐amino‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrazolo [3,4‐b]quinolin with aldehydes, indoline‐2,3‐dione derivatives to give 9a‐c, 11a‐c, and 13a,b, respectively. In similar manner for biological comparison, the reactions of compound 5 with the same aldehydes and indoline‐2,3‐dione derivatives to give 19a‐c and 20a‐c. The newly synthesized compounds were examined in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against HepG‐2 and A549 cancer cells. The compounds 11a‐c and 20a‐c showed promising activity as anticancer agents against HepG‐2 and A549 cancer cells.
Changes in kidney function among men having sex with men starting on demand tenofovir disoproxil fumarate – emtricitabine for HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Liegeon Geoffroy , Antoni Guillemette , Pialoux Gilles , Capitant Catherine , Cotte Laurent , Charreau Isabelle , Tremblay Cécile , Cua Eric , Senneville Eric , Raffi François , Meyer Laurence , Molina Jean‐Michel ,   for the ANRS‐IPERGAY study group
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionDaily pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) is associated with a small but statistically significant decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We assessed the renal safety of on‐demand PrEP with TDF/FTC in HIV‐1 uninfected men.MethodsWe used data from the randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled ANRS‐IPERGAY trial and its open‐label extension conducted between February 2012 and June 2016 among HIV‐uninfected MSM starting on‐demand PrEP. Using linear mixed model, we evaluated the mean eGFR decline from baseline over time and determined risks factors associated with eGFR decline during the study.ResultsDuring the blind phase, with a median follow‐up of 9.4 months, the mean decline slope of eGFR from baseline was −0.88 and −1.53 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year in the placebo (n = 201) and the TDF/FTC group (n = 198) respectively, with a slope difference of 0.65 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (p = 0.27). Including both phases, 389 participants started on‐demand TDF/FTC with a median follow‐up of 19.2 months and a mean decline of eGFR from baseline of −1.14 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (p < 0.001). The slope of eGFR reduction was not significantly different in participants with baseline eGFR ≤ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.44), age >40 years (p = 0.24) or hypertension (p = 0.21). There was a dose‐response relationship between recent tenofovir exposure and lower eGFR when considering the number of pills taken in the two months prior the visit (eGFR difference of −0.88 mL/min/1.73 m2 between >15 pills/month vs. ≤15 pills/month, p < 0.01) or plasma tenofovir concentrations at the visit (eGFR difference compared to ≤2 ng/mL: >2 to ≤10ng/mL: −0.98 mL/min/1.73 m2, >10 to ≤40ng/mL: −1.28 mL/min/1.73 m2, >40 ng/mL: −1.82 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001). Three participants discontinued TDF/FTC for eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 during the OLE phase. No case of Fanconi syndrome was reported.ConclusionsThe renal safety of on‐demand PrEP with TDF/FTC was good. The overall reduction and intermittent exposure to TDF/FTC may explain this good renal safety.
Quality, but not quantity of physical activity is associated with metal ion concentrations in unilateral hip resurfacing
Authors: Jelsma Jetse , Schotanus Martijn G. M. , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Buil Ivo T. A. F. , Heyligers Ide C. , Grimm Bernd 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the influence of physical activity (PA) on metal ion concentrations in subjects with metal‐on‐metal hip arthroplasty. Implant wear is thought to be a function of use and thus of patient activity levels. It is hypothesized that daily habitual PA of patients with hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) is associated with metal ion concentrations. Therefore a study was conducted in patients with a unilateral HRA at 10‐years follow‐up. Blood metal ion concentrations were determined. An acceleration‐based activity monitor was used to measure PA in daily life. The cohort consisted of 12 males (75%) and 4 females (25%) with a median age at surgery of 55.5 ± 9.7 years [43.0–67.9] and a median follow‐up of 9.9 ± 1.0 years [9.1–10.9]. The median cobalt and chromium ion concentrations were 25 ± 13 and 38 ± 28 nmol/L. A significant association between sit‐stand transfers and high‐intensity peaks with cobalt ion concentrations were found. Regarding PA and metal ion concentrations as a proxy of wear in HRA, specific activities like transfers or qualitative aspects of activity behavior like intensity, seem to matter more than the quantity of low‐intensity activities like walking or cycling. This suggests that patients may safely engage in such activities to achieve important general health benefits and quality of life.
Thiol precursors in Vitis mould‐tolerant hybrid varieties
Authors: Nicolini Giorgio , Roman Tomas , Flamini Riccardo , Tonidandel Loris , Gardiman Massimo , Larcher Roberto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOver recent years, a new wave of disease‐tolerant to mildew varieties has flooded the viticulture sector, for reasons of human safety and economic expediency. These hybrid grape cultivars are selected mainly on the basis of their intrinsic capability to counter the attack of the main fungal diseases that affect grape production, such as downy mildew and powdery mildew. However, their organoleptic and oenological characteristics have not yet been studied in depth for purposes of both juice and wine production, due to the high number of newly proposed germplasms and the lack of information about their adaptability to different environments. This work examines the thiol aroma precursors concentration in 64 red and white disease‐tolerant hybrid varieties in the vine germplasm collections of Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria–Viticulture and Enology Research Center and Fondazione Edmund Mach, both from the north‐east of Italy.RESULTSAll cultivars showed the presence of 3‐mercaptohexan‐1‐ol (3MH) precursors, ranging from 4.4 to 1141 μg kg−1 for 3‐S‐glutathionyl hexan‐1‐ol (GSH‐3MH), and from 0.3 to 136 μg kg−1 for 3‐S‐cysteinyl 3‐hexan‐1‐ol. The concentration of GSH‐3MH exceeded 600 μg kg−1 in eight varieties, with values comparable to those of the richest Vitis vinifera reported so far. On average, red grapes showed higher concentrations of 3MH precursors than white ones did. Only two hybrids had 4‐mercapto‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐one (4MMP) precursors over the limit of quantification, albeit with a much higher concentration than those normally reported in Sauvignon Blanc.CONCLUSIONThis is the first detailed survey of 3MH and 4MMP precursors carried out taking into account a considerable number of hybrid grape varieties. The results show that some of these varieties could be interesting for the production of tropical juices or tropical‐aromatic wines and soft drinks, through the enzymatic liberation of thiol aromas, as well as for the production of aromatizing tannins to be used in the food industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Black tea polyphenol theaflavin as promising antioxidant and potential copper chelator
Authors: Sharma Neha , Phan Huong T , Chikae Miyuki , Takamura Yuzuru , Azo‐Oussou Auriane F , Vestergaard Mun'delanji C 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this work, we investigated the antioxidant and copper chelating abilities of theaflavin, a polyphenol responsible for astringency, color, and sensation in black tea. Using voltammetric techniques, the analyses were conducted with disposable electrochemical printed carbon chips in conjunction with a portable hand‐held potentiostat.RESULTSVoltammograms of theaflavin showed five separate oxidation peaks, corresponding to the oxidation of five individual functional groups. Electroanalytical data indicated that, after interaction with copper, theaflavin had higher antioxidant potential and was a better copper chelator than epigallocatechin gallate, a major polyphenol present in green tea and a well‐known antioxidant. This could be attributed to the extra fused ring and larger number of OH groups in theaflavin.CONCLUSIONSOur findings introduce another natural compound as a potential nutraceutical in oxidation‐ and copper‐modulated illnesses. This simple and fast approach would also be highly pertinent to the inspection of the health benefits of natural food products. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the electrochemical analysis of Cu (II) chelation with theaflavin. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Reckless Behaviors: A Network Analysis Approach
Authors: Armour Cherie , Greene Talya , Contractor Ateka A. , Weiss Nicole , Dixon‐Gordon Katherine , Ross Jana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExisting literature indicates a theoretical and empirical relation between engagement in reckless behaviors and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus, theDSM‐5revision of the PTSD nosology added a new “reckless or self‐destructive behavior” (RSDB) symptom (Criterion E2). The current study applied a network analytic approach to examine the item‐level relations among a range of reckless behaviors and PTSD symptom clusters. Participants were recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N= 417), and network analysis was conducted with 20 variables: six PTSD symptom clusters, corresponding to the hybrid model of PTSD (Armour et al., 2015) and excluding the externalizing behavior cluster (Community 1), and 14 items related to reckless behavior (Community 2). The results showed that the network associations were strongest within each construct (i.e., within PTSD and within reckless behaviors), although several bridge connections (i.e., between PTSD clusters and reckless behaviors) were identified. Most reckless behavior items had direct associations with one or more PTSD symptom clusters. The present findings support the existence of close relations between a variety of reckless behaviors and PTSD symptom clusters beyond their relations withDSMCriterion E2. The results provide testable hypotheses about the associations between specific reckless behaviors and PTSD symptom clusters, which may inform future research.
Dietary Fat Does Not Overcome trans‐10, cis‐12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Inhibition of Milk Fat Synthesis in Lactating mice
Authors: Robblee Megan M. , Boisclair Yves R. , Bauman Dale E. , Harvatine Kevin J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTrans‐10, cis‐12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a potent inhibitor of milk fat synthesis in the cow and similarly reduces milk fat in rodents. The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary fat can overcome CLA inhibition of milk fat concentration in lactating mice. Wild type C57Bl/6J mice (n = 31) were fed semipurified diets containing either low fat (LF; 4% fat) or high fat (HF; 23.6% fat) starting 4–6 days postpartum. Dietary fat was increased by inclusion of high oleic sunflower oil. After 2 days on the experimental diets, lactating dams were orally dosed with either water (control) or trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA (20 mg/day) for 5 days. CLA treatment decreased pup growth similarly in both HF and LF diets. Milk fat percent was increased over 16% by the HF diet and decreased over 12% by CLA, but there was no interaction of dietary fat and CLA. Both CLA and the HF diet reduced the proportion of short‐ and medium‐chain fatty acids that originate from de novo synthesis, and there was no interaction of diet and CLA. CLA had no effect on the percent of preformed fatty acids, but the HF diet increased their abundance. Dietary fat and CLA both modified mammary expression of lipogenic enzymes and regulators, but no interactions were observed. In conclusion, CLA reduced milk fat concentration and litter growth, but these effects were not overcome by increased dietary fat from high oleic sunflower oil. CLA inhibition of milk fat in the mammary gland is not substrate dependent, and the mechanism is independent from dietary supply of oleic acid.
Robust PEDOT:PSS Wet‐Spun Fibers for Thermoelectric Textiles
Authors: Kim Youngseok , Lund Anja , Noh Hyebin , Hofmann Anna I. , Craighero Mariavittoria , Darabi Sozan , Zokaei Sepideh , Park Jae Il , Yoon Myung‐Han , Müller Christian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo realize thermoelectric textiles that can convert body heat to electricity, fibers with excellent mechanical and thermoelectric properties are needed. Although poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is among the most promising organic thermoelectric materials, reports that explore its use for thermoelectric fibers are all but absent. Herein, the mechanical and thermoelectric properties of wet‐spun PEDOT:PSS fibers are reported, and their use in energy‐harvesting textiles is discussed. Wet‐spinning into sulfuric acid results in water‐stable semicrystalline fibers with a Young's modulus of up to 1.9 GPa, an electrical conductivity of 830 S cm−1, and a thermoelectric power factor of 30 μV m−1 K−2. Stretching beyond the yield point as well as repeated tensile deformation and bending leave the electrical properties of these fibers almost unaffected. The mechanical robustness/durability and excellent underwater stability of semicrystalline PEDOT:PSS fibers, combined with a promising thermoelectric performance, opens up their use in practical energy‐harvesting textiles, as illustrated by an embroidered thermoelectric fabric module.
Estimates of Red Drum Mortality via Acoustic Telemetry
Authors: Nelson T. Reid , Powers Sean P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Subadult (age &lt; 3) Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus support a valuable recreational fishery, and mortality estimates for young Red Drum are needed for proper management. To obtain these estimates, age-1 and age-2 Red Drum were implanted with acoustic transmitters and external Floy tags in two coastal Alabama rivers (Fowl and Dog rivers). Fates of tagged fish were inferred from stationary receiver detections and active relocations over 1 year. These fates were used in a Bayesian multistate model to estimate instantaneous monthly and annual mortality and emigration rates for each river and overall from both rivers. Instantaneous monthly fishing mortality (F) ranged from 0.001 to 0.112 (annual F =0.414) in Dog River, from 0.001 to 0.126 in Fowl River (annual F =0.309), and was 0.001–0.054 (annual F =0.337) overall. Instantaneous monthly natural mortality (M) ranged from 0.001 to 0.002 (annual M =0.069) in Dog River, from 0.001 to 0.036 (annual M =0.178) in Fowl River, and from 0.001 to 0.017 (annual M =0.090) overall. The overall annual estimate of instantaneous total mortality (Z) was 0.435. The median escapement percentage was estimated at 36.3% (95% posterior credible interval = 19.5–56.0%) using M and Z from the overall model. Unfortunately, the error on this estimate was large and inconclusive as to whether the 30% escapement goal for juvenile Red Drum to the adult population from Dog and Fowl rivers is being met. Monthly residency estimates were typically greater than 0.90, and overall annual residency was estimated at 0.716. Fishing mortality estimates from the current study are higher than recent catch curve estimates that did not include young Red Drum. These results demonstrate that young Red Drum need to be accounted for when generating mortality estimates and provide needed data for the Red Drum recreational fishery.