bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Use of an Innervated Radial Forearm Flap and Labia Minora Peripheral Skin Graft for Total Upper Lip Reconstruction
Authors: Kitamura Yutaro , Oki Masanao , Kurita Masakazu , Okazaki Mutsumi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The repair of a total lip defect and reconstruction of the vermilion border of the lip is challenging. Here, the authors report the successful functional and esthetic reconstruction of an injured upper lip using a free radial forearm flap and labia minora peripheral skin graft. A 43-year-old woman accidentally fell, resulting in a full-thickness wound in her entire upper lip. One month after the injury, the upper lip was reconstructed with an innervated free radial forearm flap. Six months postoperatively, a Semmes-Weinstein monofilament pressure esthesiometer indicated good recovery of neurosensory function with a value of 2.83. Nine months after the injury, the vermilion border, white roll, and philtrum were reconstructed. The vermilion border was reconstructed using a labia minora peripheral skin graft. The philtrum was reproduced using pigmented skin harvested from the vicinity of the labia minora, and the white roll was reconstructed 3-dimensionally by turning the dermis beneath the skin. Satisfactory results were obtained. The combined use of an innervated free radial forearm flap and labia minora peripheral skin graft may be an option for repairing extensive upper lip defects.
Foreign Body Reaction to Poly-D-L-Lactic Acid Resorbable Plates Used in Craniofacial Surgery
Authors: Cen Nicholas , Davis Matthew J. , Abu-Ghname Amjed , Davies Lesley W. , Patel Kalyani R. , Buchanan Edward P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Resorbable surgical materials are often used in the pediatric population to provide fixation in the growing skeleton. Although foreign body reactions to poly-D-L-lactic acid (PDLLA) plates and screws have been previously reported in other fields, to date PDLLA polymers have been well-tolerated in the setting of craniofacial surgery. The authors report a case of a previously healthy 4-month-old patient with Crouzon syndrome who underwent a frontal-orbital advancement with resorbable PDLLA plates and screws and subsequently experienced extensive foreign body reactions and wound healing complications.
Do Measures of Muscular Fitness Modify the Effect of Intra-abdominal Pressure on Pelvic Floor Support in Postpartum Women?
Authors: Nygaard Ingrid E. , Shaw Janet M. , Wang Jie , Sheng Xiaoming , Yang Meng , Niederauer Stefan , Hitchcock Robert 
Published: July 2020

Objective
This study aimed to determine whether measures of muscular fitness modify the effect of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) during lifting on pelvic floor support.

Methods
Participants, primiparous women 1 year after vaginal delivery, underwent the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification examination, measurement of IAP via a vaginal sensor while lifting a weighted car seat, pelvic floor muscle force assessment using an instrumented speculum, grip strength using a hand dynamometer, and trunk flexor endurance by holding an isometric contraction while maintaining a 60-degree angle to the table. We dichotomized pelvic floor support as worse (greatest descent of the anterior, posterior, or apical vagina during maximal strain at or below the hymen) versus better (all points above the hymen).

Results
Of 825 participants eligible after delivery, 593 (71.9%) completed a 1-year study visit. Mean (SD) age was 29.6 (5.0) years. One year postpartum, 55 (9.3%) demonstrated worse support. There were no differences in IAP during lifting or in other measures of pelvic floor loading between women with better and worse support. In multivariable analyses, neither grip strength nor pelvic floor muscle force modified the effect of IAP on support. In women with trunk flexor endurance duration ≥13 minutes, the odds of worse support increased significantly as IAP increased. No fitness measure modified the effect of other measures of pelvic floor loading on support.

Conclusions
Primiparous women with higher IAP during lifting and greater muscular fitness did not have reduced odds of worse pelvic floor support compared with those with lower IAP at the same muscular fitness.
Rubisco proton production can drive the elevation of CO2within condensates and carboxysomes
Authors: Long Benedict M. , Förster Britta , Pulsford Sacha B. , Price G. Dean , Badger Murray R. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTMembraneless organelles containing the enzyme Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) are a common feature of organisms utilizing CO2concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to enhance photosynthetic carbon acquisition. In cyanobacteria and proteobacteria, the Rubisco condensate is encapsulated in a proteinaceous shell, collectively termed a carboxysome, while some algae and hornworts have evolved Rubisco condensates known as pyrenoids. In both cases, CO2fixation is enhanced compared with the free enzyme. Previous mathematical models have attributed the improved function of carboxysomes to the generation of elevated CO2within the organelle via a co-localized carbonic anhydrase (CA), and inwardly diffusing HCO3-which has accumulated in the cytoplasm via dedicated transporters. Here we present a novel concept in which we consider the net of two protons produced in every Rubisco carboxylase reaction. We evaluate this in a reaction-diffusion, compartment model to investigate functional advantages these protons may provide Rubisco condensates and carboxysomes, prior to the evolution of HCO3-accumulation. Our model highlights that diffusional resistance to reaction species within a condensate allows Rubisco-derived protons to drive the conversion of HCO3-to CO2via co-localized CA, enhancing both condensate [CO2] and Rubisco rate. Protonation of Rubisco substrate (RuBP) and product (PGA) plays an important role in modulating internal pH and CO2generation. Application of the model to putative evolutionary ancestors, prior to contemporary cellular HCO3-accumulation, revealed photosynthetic enhancements along a logical sequence of advancements, via Rubisco condensation, to fully-formed carboxysomes. Our model suggests that evolution of Rubisco condensation could be favored under low CO2and low light environments.
Unlocking the Predictive Power of Heterogeneous Data to Build an Operational Dengue Forecasting System
Authors: Manore Carrie , Fairchild Geoffrey , Ziemann Amanda , Parikh Nidhi , Kempfert Katherine , Martinez Kaitlyn , Castro Lauren , Osthus David , Siraj Amir , Conrad Jessica , Generous Nicholas , Del Valle Sara 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTPredicting an infectious disease can help reduce its impact by advising public health interventions and personal preventive measures. While availability of heterogeneous data streams and sensors such as satellite imagery and the Internet have increased the opportunity to indirectly measure, understand, and predict global dynamics, the data may be prohibitively large and/or require intensive data management while also requiring subject matter experts to properly exploit the data sources (e.g., deriving features from fundamentally different data sets). Few efforts have quantitatively assessed the predictive benefit of novel data streams in comparison to more traditional data sources, especially at fine spatio-temporal resolutions. We have combined multiple traditional and non-traditional data streams (satellite imagery, Internet, weather, census, and clinical surveillance data) and assessed their combined ability to predict dengue in Brazil’s 27 states on a weekly and yearly basis over seven years. For each state, we nowcast dengue based on several time series models, which vary in complexity and inclusion of exogenous data. We also predict yearly cumulative risk by municipality and state. The top-performing model and utility of predictive data varies by state, implying that forecasting and nowcasting efforts in the future may be made more robust by and benefit from the use of multiple data streams and models. One size does not fit all, particularly when considering state-level predictions as opposed to the whole country. Our first-of-its-kind high resolution flexible system for predicting dengue incidence with heterogeneous (and still sometimes sparse) data can be extended to multiple applications and regions.
Intestinal-epithelial LSD1 controls cytoskeletal-mediated cell identity including goblet cell effector responses required for gut inflammatory and infectious diseases
Authors: Parmar Naveen , Burrows Kyle , Lindholm Håvard T. , Zwiggelaar Rosalie T. , Martín-Alonso Mara , Fosslie Madeleine , Vallance Bruce , Dahl John Arne , Zaph Colby , Oudhoff Menno J. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTInfectious and inflammatory diseases in the intestine remain a serious threat for patients world-wide. Reprogramming of the intestinal epithelium towards a protective effector state is important to manage inflammation and immunity. The role of epigenetic regulatory enzymes within these processes is not yet defined. Here, we use a mouse model that has an intestinal-epithelial specific deletion of the histone demethylaseLsd1(cKO mice), which maintains the epithelium in a fixed reparative state. Challenge of cKO mice with chemical-induced colitis, bacteria-induced colitis, and a helminth infection model all resulted in increased pathogenesis. Mechanistically, we discovered that LSD1 directly controls genes that facilitate cytoskeletal organization, and that this is relevant for epithelial attachment as well as for goblet-cell specific effector responses.This study therefore identifies intestinal-epithelial epigenetic regulation by LSD1 as a critical element in host protection from inflammation and infection.
Weed communities and wheat yield are modified by cropping systems and climate conditions
Authors: Seipel Tim , Ishaq Suzanne L. , Menalled Fabian D. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryUnderstanding the impact of biological and environmental stresses on crop performance is essential to secure the long-term sustainability of agricultural production. How cropping systems modify weed communities and wheat yield in response to predicted climate conditions is unknown. We tested the effect of warmer, and warmer and drier conditions on weed biomass, weed community characteristics, and winter wheat yields in three contrasting cropping systems: a no-till chemically managed system, a tilled organic system, and an organic system that used grazing to reduce tillage. Weed communities in the organic systems were more diverse and more variable than the no-till conventional system, though the grazed organic and no-till conventional systems had more similar relative species abundance. Cropping system affected weed biomass and weed species composition recorded in 0.75 m2split-plots, with the most biomass recorded in grazed organic system (38 g ±23.4 SE) compared to the tilled-organic (17 g ±10.3 SE) and no-till chemically managed systems (<1 g ±0.02). Climate conditions had relatively minor impacts on weed communities compared with cropping systems. Wheat yield was highest in the no-till conventional system but declined in response to warmer and drier conditions despite its low weed biomass. Yield was lower in the tilled organic and grazed organic cropping system but declines in warmer and drier conditions were more variable among years. In the Northern Great Plains, predicted climate scenarios have the potential to alter weed communities and reduce wheat yield, and designing resilient cropping systems is essential to mitigate these negative impacts.
Influence of Fluorination on Single-Molecule Unfolding and Rupture Pathways of a Mechanostable Protein Adhesion Complex
Authors: Yang Byeongseon , Liu Haipei , Liu Zhaowei , Doenen Regina , Nash Michael A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFluorination of proteins by cotranslational incorporation of non-canonical amino acids is a valuable tool for enhancing biophysical stability. Despite many prior studies investigating the effects of fluorination on equilibrium stability, its influence on non-equilibrium mechanical stability remains unknown. Here, we used single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) with the atomic force microscope (AFM) to investigate the influence of fluorination on unfolding and unbinding pathways of a mechanically ultrastable bacterial adhesion complex. We assembled modular polyproteins comprising the tandem dyad XModule-Dockerin (XMod-Doc) bound to a globular Cohesin (Coh) domain. By applying tension across the binding interface, and quantifying single-molecule unfolding and rupture events, we mapped the energy landscapes governing the unfolding and unbinding reactions. We then used sense codon suppression to substitute trifluoroleucine (TFL) in place of canonical leucine (LEU) globally in XMod-Doc, or selectively within the Doc subdomain of a mutant XMod-Doc. Although TFL substitution thermally destabilized XMod-Doc, it had little effect on XMod-Doc:Coh binding affinity at equilibrium. When we mechanically dissociated global TFL-substituted XMod-Doc from Coh, we observed the emergence of a new unbinding pathway with a lower energy barrier. Counterintuitively, when fluorination was restricted to Doc, we observed mechano-stabilization of the non-fluorinated neighboring XMod domain. These results suggest that intramolecular deformation networks can be modulated by fluorination, and further highlight significant differences between equilibrium thermostability, where all constructs were destabilized, and non-equilibrium mechanostability, where XMod was strengthened. Future work is poised to investigate the influence of non-natural amino acids on mechanically-accelerated protein unfolding and unbinding reaction pathways.
Denisovan introgression has shaped the immune system of present-day Papuans
Authors: Vespasiani Davide M. , Jacobs Guy S. , Cook Laura E. , Brucato Nicolas , Leavesley Matthew , Kinipi Christopher , Ricaut Francois-Xavier , Cox Murray P. , Romero Irene Gallego 
Published: July 2020

AbstractModern humans have substantially admixed with multiple archaic hominins. Papuans, in particular, owe up to 5% of their genome to Denisovans, a sister group to Neanderthals, whose remains have only been identified in Siberia and Tibet. Unfortunately, the biological and evolutionary significance of these introgression events remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the function of archaic alleles of both Denisovan and Neanderthal ancestry characterised within a previously published set of 56 genomes from individuals of Papuan genetic ancestry living in the island of New Guinea. By comparing the distribution of archaic and modern human variants, we are able to assess the consequences of archaic admixture across a multitude of different cell types and functional elements. We detect a consistent signal across Denisovan variants of strong involvement in immune-related processes throughout our analyses. Archaic alleles are often located within cis-regulatory elements and transcribed regions of the genome, suggesting that they are capable of contributing to a wide range of cellular regulatory processes. We identify 3,538 high-confidence Denisovan variants that fall within annotated cis-regulatory elements and have the potential to alter the affinity of multiple transcription factors to their cognate DNA motifs, highlighting a likely mechanism by which introgressed DNA can impact phenotypes in present-day humans. Lastly, we experimentally validate these predictions by testing the regulatory potential of five Denisovan variants segregating at high frequency within Papuan individuals, and find that two are associated with a significant reduction of transcriptional activities in plasmid reporter assays relative to modern human alleles. Together, these data provide support for the hypothesis that, despite their broadly deleterious nature, archaic alleles actively contribute to modern human phenotypic diversity to this day, and might have facilitated early adaptation to non-African environments.
IN-UTERO MOTHER-TO-CHILD SARS-CoV-2 TRANSMISSION: viral detection and fetal immune response
Authors: Fenizia Claudio , Biasin Mara , Cetin Irene , Vergani Patrizia , Mileto Davide , Spinillo Arsenio , Gismondo Maria Rita , Perotti Francesca , Callegari Clelia , Mancon Alessandro , Cammarata Selene , Beretta Ilaria , Nebuloni Manuela , Trabattoni Daria , Clerici Mario , Savasi Valeria 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTPregnancy is known to increase the risk of severe illnesses in response to viral infections. Therefore, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection during gestational ages might be detrimental and the potential vertical transmission should be thoroughly studied.Herein, we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission is possible and, in case, whether this results in a fetal involvement. Additionally, we analyzed the role of the antibody and the inflammatory responses in placenta and plasma from SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women and fetuses.31 SARS-CoV-2 pregnant women were enrolled. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the virus on maternal and newborns’ nasopharyngeal swabs, vaginal swabs, maternal and umbilical cord plasma, placenta and umbilical cord biopsies, amniotic fluids and milk. Maternal and umbilical cord plasma, and milk were tested for specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. RNA expression quantification of genes involved in the inflammatory response was performed on four selected placentas. On maternal and umbilical cord plasma of the same subjects, secreted cytokines/chemokines were quantified.SARS-CoV-2 is found in at-term placentae and in the umbilical cord blood, in the vaginal mucosa of pregnant women and in milk. Furthermore, we report the presence of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in the umbilical cord blood of pregnant women, as well as in milk specimens. Finally, a specific inflammatory response is triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women at both systemic and placental level, and in umbilical cord blood plasma.Our data strongly support the hypothesis that in-utero vertical transmission is possible in SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women. This is essential for defining proper obstetric management of COVID-19 pregnant women, or putative indications for mode and timing of delivery.
Analysis of electrical circuits supplied by sequence of impulses
Authors: Georgiev Zhivko , Trushev Ivan 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze transient and steady state processes in series resistive capacitive-circuits when the supplied voltage is a sequence of periodic rectangular pulses. The purpose is to obtain an analytical formula for the capacitor voltage at any instant of time, both for the transient and the steady-state processes.

Design/methodology/approach
The main approach is to use a combination of differential and recurrence equations.

Findings
An analytical expression (formula) for obtaining the capacitor voltage at any instant of time has been found.

Originality/value
The results obtained are new. They are much more convenient to use than the results obtained by the Fourier series. The exposed approach can also be used in other circuits and other forms of the supplied voltage.
Family planning and budgeting for human rights in India
Authors: Weigelt Thibault , Sharma Erica 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the budget of the Indian family planning programme from a human rights perspective. Family planning services play an important role in the realisation of the reproductive rights of women. In India, the family planning programme is one of the largest in the world with thousands of patients, mostly women, accessing services every year. Although the Indian legal system guarantees the right to health, Indian women from marginalised sections of society still battle inadequate services and the absence of health care that respects their right to reproductive autonomy and choice. Therefore, the question is: in the presence of a strong legal framework, what are the factors that contribute to this phenomenon?

Design/methodology/approach
The authors have gathered data from the project implementation plans at the state level comparing year-wise expenditure for family planning against overall expenditure for reproductive, maternal and child health expenditure. The data are then compared to the number of women using sterilisation to suggest a relationship between both. Finally, the article relies on desk research to review scholarship on the Indian family planning programme and applicable human rights obligations.

Findings
The paper finds that social-economic rights such as the right to health are applicable to government spending and budgeting. It also finds current spending in the NHM is insufficient to guarantee women’s reproductive rights as the vast majority of resources are spend on sterilisation, thus limiting women’s ability to choose the number and spacing of children.

Research limitations/implications
The data used in this research bears one limitation: the propensity of the government to change the guidelines as to how States should present their budgets in the project implementation plans. The authors have adjusted the data so that it remains comparable. However, the adjustment was not possible for all expenditure data, which is why the current study is limited to the family planning programme alone.

Practical implications
The paper argues that to be human rights compliant, health budgets of the NHM need to be geared towards the specific needs of women in terms of family planning. Finally, the article briefly outlines the role played by human rights and human rights litigation in impacting government budgets.

Originality/value
India’s family planning programme has been examined from a performance and medical standpoint, focussing on medical indicators such as total fertility rate, unmet needs for family planning, amongst others. Academic scholarship has investigated through statistical analysis patterns of contraceptive use and contraceptive mix. What is absent, however, is an assessment of the programme from a right-based perspective by looking at the human rights obligations of India and their normative implications for the Indian family programme.
Comparison of modular and traditional UK housing construction: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Nazir Falaq , Edwards David John , Shelbourn Mark , Martek Igor , Thwala Wellington Didibhuku Didibhuku , El-Gohary Hatem 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Housing completions in the UK have fallen to 125,000 annually, while government targets have risen to 300,000. This dramatic shortfall raises concerns as to whether current traditional construction approaches remain appropriate. This study aims to compare the traditional approach with modular construction, with a view to assessing whether a shift in construction systems offers the potential to alleviate the UK's domestic housing crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
A comprehensive interpretivist review of the available relevant literature is undertaken on construction methods within the UK; advantages and disadvantages. A bibliometric analysis is conducted to extract trends and findings relevant to the comparison at hand. The database is Web of Science; the analysis software is the VOS viewer.

Findings
The research illustrates that the UK housing market is in a state of crisis. A toxic combination of a rising UK population combined falling rates of housing delivery has resulted in an ever-widening housing supply gap. The construction industry’s capacity to meet this observed dearth in supply is further exacerbated by a number of chronic factors such as: falling participation in the construction sector workforce; lowering skill levels; reducing profitability; time to delivery pressures; and cost blow-outs.

Originality/value
While much information on the various construction methods are available, including comparative material, this study is the first to assemble the various comparative parameters regarding traditional and modular UK residential construction in one place. Thus, this study provides a definitive assessment of the relative advantages and disadvantages of these forms of construction.