bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SHUKRI, A NEW LIFE
Authors: Schillaci Rosa Rossella 
Published: October 2019

A glimpse into the realities of life in Europe for thousands of migrants.
Thirty-one-year old Shukri left her four children in Somalia in 2008, walked across North Africa and risked a hazardous raft trip across the Mediterranean to seek a better life in Europe. She is one of thousands of such migrants who attempt the journey each year and although she has been given refugee status in Italy her future still looks bleak. Filmmaker Rossella Schillaci followed Shukri and in the following account describes the realities of her life - and those of thousands of others. In the winter of 2008, over 400 Somali and Sudanese refugees squatted in an abandoned building that had once housed a medical clinic in downtown Turin, northern Italy. The Italian government's indifference towards refugees left them with little alternative. Once refugees are issued a sojourn permit, they are left to fend for themselves, with just a few receiving temporary housing and education. Many rely on Catholic volunteer relief associations for help, but these cannot provide housing and the waiting lists for dormitories seem endless. Many refugees live and sleep on the streets. In larger cities, they squat in old buildings or abandoned factories, enduring overcrowded and grim living conditions often without water or electricity.
Influence of sodium chloride on the hydration of calcium aluminate cement constantly cured at 5, 20 and 40°C
Authors: Wang Zhongping , Zhao Yating , Yang Haoyu , Zhou Long , Diao Guizhi , Liu Guanghua , Xu Linglin 
Published: October 2019

The influence of sodium chloride (NaCl) on the hydration evolution of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) cured at 5°C, 20°C and 40°C was investigated by calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry–thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The chloride binding capacity and compressive strength of the CAC were also determined. The results showed that the chloride binding capacities of all the CAC samples increased with an increasing sodium chloride content, but the trend of growth gradually slowed. The influence of sodium chloride on the hydration of CAC was found to be highly dependent on its dosage and the curing temperature. At 5°C and 20°C, the early hydration of CAC was accelerated by a small amount of sodium chloride, leading to greater amounts of CAH10. Additionally, the pore structure of hardened cement paste was optimised for a higher compressive strength. However, excessive sodium chloride was found to delay the early hydration to some extent. When the curing temperature was increased to 40°C, sodium chloride accelerated the phase conversion, accompanied with an increase of harmful pores and a sharp decrease in compressive strength. The findings indicate a potential application of CAC-based constructions made with sea sand, especially at temperatures below 20°C.
CHOICE OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME CONDITIONS OF HEATING FOR THE COMBINED PROCESS OF BORATING AND VOLUME TRAINING OF LARGE STAMPS OF 5KhNM STEEL
Authors: Minkov K. A. , Minkov A. N. , Khlybov A. A. 
Published: October 2019

The stamps for hot deformation are widely adopted in industry. In use they are affected by high temperatures, tension (close to a fluidity limit) and variable thermal loadings. High-hardenability tool steels with high mechanical characteristics are used for stamps production. In this article, the possibility of use of 5KhNM steel for this goal is considered. One of technological operations at production of stamps is training in oil. It is rational to apply volume and superficial hardening, in particular chemical heat treatment, to improve operational characteristics of stamps, including wear resistance. The way of superficial hardening by the combined heating under chemical and thermal and heat treatment is presented. As a superficial way of hardening of largesize stamps of hot deformation, it is offered to use borating. Optimum temperature and time parameters of heating under the combined heat treatment are chosen and confirmed. The offered mode of chemical heat treatment allows receiving the necessary thickness of the borated layer providing high hardness and corrosion resistance in the working range of temperatures of a stamp. Also the influence of heat treatment on structure and grain size of the samples has been researched. It is shown that with increase in temperature and hold time, the size of grain increases. It leads to decrease in strength, fluidity, hardness and impact strength that can negatively influence operational properties of stamps. For definition of mechanical characteristics, the samples (in the studied range of temperatures and excerpts) have been tested for stretching and impact strength. All tests were carried out according to the existing state standard specifications. On the basis of these results, temperature and time of borating are chosen providing high mechanical properties and thickness of a borated layer. The offered approach has allowed reducing economic costs of stamps production from 5KhNM steel by exception from technological process of repeated heating for training with saving the required operational characteristics of largesize stamps.
REGULARITIES OF DISTRIBUTION OF WIRE DEFORMATION IN MULTILAYERED STRAND AT CIRCULAR CALIBRATION COMPRESSION
Authors: Kharitonov V. A. , Ivantsov A. V. , Lapteva T. A. 
Published: October 2019

The mechanism of plastic crimping of the strand has been identified and justified, as the process of formation of arches: a strong arch of wires, the appearance of each leads to a change in stressed state of the strand at reduction stages. It was established that before appearance of the first arch, wires of the outer layer and the central wire are the most priority to deformation, with the initial absence of side contacts. After appearance of each arch, stresses in wires of the arch layer become predominantly compressive, which temporarily prevents the given layer from actively deforming, up to the formation of arches in all other layers of the strand. After formation of all arches, wires of the upper layer again become the most priority to deformation. Central wire of the strand is overstrained in relation to all other wire strands at all stages of compression. The developed technique allows analyzing the degree of working out of each wire of a lock at a certain amount of reduction. It reflects the features of a multilayered strand deformation: sharp increase in width of the newly appeared contact at almost constant reduction; arches formation; non-simultaneous occurrence of new contacts in layers of strands due to the geometry of the strand and direction of the wires displacement. Application of the proposed technique allows to make rational designs of strands and ropes subjected to small and medium circular plastic crimping, as well as to determine the necessary amount of compression of strands and ropes of a particular design, proceeding from the conditions for retaining the flexibility of the rope and forming the required contact geometry of the wires. It was found that for strands with a diameter of 7.68 mm in the construction of 1 + 5 + 5/5 + 10, the most uniform development of the strand and the contacts is ensured during the reduction in the range of 3.74 < Q < 7.06 %. Intensive filling of the gaps in the strand begins at Q = 7.06 %, which determines the subsequent deformation as the limiting for the ropes working on bending both for performance characteristics and for the conditions of operation of the round caliber of a roller die.
USE OF EXPANDER-GENERATOR UNIT AT CHP OF METALLURGICAL PLANT FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC POWER AND INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSOR
Authors: Klimenko A. V. , Agababov V. S. , Koryagin A. V. , Petin S. N. , Borisova P. N. 
Published: October 2019

The ability of saving energy in the production of compressed air is one of the most energy-consuming production in which much of the used energy is lost. The proposed technical solution is based on the united use of two energy-saving technologies. The first of them is the use of technological pressure drop of transported natural gas which lost irrevocably when it is throttled at gas control stations. The second one is air cooling before the compressor sections to reduce compression work. A scheme of a combined steam blowing and heat power plant of a metal manufacturer is proposed. In addition to a power and heat generating turbine and a two-section air compressor with a steamturbine drive, a two-stage expander-generator unit (EGU) producing electricity and cold is used. The thermodynamics of gas expansion processes in the expander is considered, the choice of a two-stage scheme is founded. The cold produced in the EGU is used to lower the air temperature at the inlet to the first and second sections of the compressor, thus reducing fuel consumption for air compression. Using the proposed scheme allows to reduce fuel consumption to the compressor drive, to use the heat of compressed air to preheat the transported gas before the steps of the expander and to generate additional electric power. At the same time, fuel is not used to generate electricity, and the heat of the cooled air is not discharged into the environment, therefore the plant operation is characterized by high environmental performance. The procedure for calculating of fuel economy when using the proposed scheme is given. The assessment has shown that the use of this scheme allows, under given conditions of calculation, to reduce fuel consumption at the combined heat power and steam blowing plant by 11.2 thousand tons of fuel equivalent per year, which is 0.84 %. The generated electric power of the EGU will be 5.3 MW.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN PROCESSES OF CARBON GASIFICATION
Authors: Berdnikov V. I. , Gudim Yu. A. 
Published: October 2019

Thermodynamic analysis of carbon gasification process in the presence of moisture was carried out. The chemical process was displayed by the system C – O – H with the ratios of elements in it: 1:1:2 and 1:2: 2. To work out the methods of research and verification of the results, we used a well-studied subsystem C – O. The initial array of processed data was presented by the contents of chemical components C, CO, CO2 , CH4 , H2 and H2O calculated by TERRA program. There is no single chemical reaction in the C – O – H system, so the full operating temperature range of 298 – 1400 K was divided into three characteristic areas, and each of them was analyzed separately. By comparing the numerical values of the components contents at the regions’ boundaries, we determined changes in their values during the transition from one region to another. These values were multiples of stoichiometric coefficients of the expected chemical reactions. Thus, the problem with establishment of the chemical reactions’ type was solved. But two areas of three identified reactions were complex containing more than four components. Therefore, their decomposition was performed on the basis of three more simple and characteristic reactions for these areas. As a result, the total number of reaction varieties was reduced to four – two main reactions of carbon gasification (C + 2Н2О = CO2 + 2Н2, C + CO2 = 2СО) and two reactions of formation and decomposition of methane (2C + 2Н2О = CH4 + CO2 , CH4 = C + 2Н2 ). At the same time, the proportion of each reaction in the total chemical process was determined by the balance coefficients β.The type of chemical reactions provides the necessary information about content of the system components only at the regions’ boundaries. A quantitative assessment of the chemical process within the regions can be obtained by determining the temperature dependence of the reaction coordinates on Gibbs energy of the reactions and the pressure – ξ(Т) = f [ΔrG°(Т), Р]. The coordinates of reactions ξ in combination with the balance coefficients of reactions β allow us to calculate not only the content of reagents and reaction products at any moment of reactions, but also the conditional temperatures of the beginning and end of the reactions themselves. No coefficients and parameters of the fitting character were used in the calculations. The average absolute error of the quantitative description of the results of machine simulation of the system C – O – Н – is less than 0.02 mole (per 1 mole of carbon), and for the subsystem C – O it is almost zero.
MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF THE MELT OF OXIDE-FLUORIDE INDUSTRIAL SLAG-FORMING MIXTURE
Authors: Gel’chinskii B. R. , Dyul’dina E. V. , Leont’ev L. I. 
Published: October 2019

The paper discusses the results of molecular dynamic simulation of a melt of the multicomponent oxide-fluoride system CaO – SiO2 – – Al2O3 – MgO – Na2O – K2O – CaF2 – FeO, corresponding to composition of industrial slag-forming mixture (SFM) used in steel casting for slag targeting in the mold of a continuous casting machine (in wt %: 35.35 % SiO2 , 30.79 % CaO, 8.58 % Al2O3 , 1.26 % MgO, 13.73 % CaF2 , 7.57 % Na2O, 0.88 % K2O, and 1.82 % FeO). These concentrations were converted to mole fractions, and the number of ions was calculated for each of the components in the model. An eightcomponent oxide-fluoride melt containing 2003 ions in the main cube with a side length of 31.01 Å was simulated under periodic boundary conditions at an experimentally determined solidification onset temperature of 1257 K at constant volume. Coulomb interaction was taken into account by the Ewald–Hansen method. The time step was 0.05t0, where t0 = 7,608·10–14 s is the internal unit of time. The melt density was taken to be 3.04 g/cm3 based on our experimental data. The interparticle interaction potentials were chosen in the Born–Mayer form. Based on the simulation results, the structure of subcrystalline groups of atoms present in the melt at the temperature of solidification onset was determined. A discussion of the simulation results and their comparison with the literature data was held. It is shown that the computer model allows one to obtain a fairly realistic picture of atomic structure of the slag melt, indicating that the main structural component of all silicate systems is silicon-oxygen tetrahedron. Tetrahedra in silicates are either in the form of structural units isolated from each other, or, connecting together through peaks, they form complex anions. It is consistent with the theory of slag melts. Molecular-dynamic simulation allows one to obtain adequate information on structure of the melt of a certain chemical composition.
Caracterização dos paradigmas e entraves no processo de transição para o sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Lins Maria Adelina Cavalcante Botelho 
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem a finalidade de trazer uma reflexão sobre a transposição do aluno do quinto para o sexto ano do ensino fundamental. Esta passagem manifesta sentimentos e comportamentos inerentes ao ser humano, porém, inadequado ao âmbito escolar. Os alunos passam a conviver com um novo contexto escolar e, com professores que adotam posturas diferentes em relação aos dos anos anteriores. Assim, virá momentos de dificuldades, alegrias e tristezas, fragilidade no desempenho escolar, incertezas e inseguranças. São raros os professores que possuem entendimento e compreensão desses sentimentos, gerados diante das incertezas para enfrentar os novos desafios. Na obtenção das informações, adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico e, observações in loco nas escolas do ensino fundamental, existentes em Tamandaré (PE). Diante do entendimento adquirido, foi constatado que a chegada do aluno ao sexto ano traz momentos difíceis de adaptação, pois psicologicamente ele sofre, muitas vezes pela impaciência e as posturas diferenciadas dos novos professores. Tal fato provoca temor e ansiedade nos alunos, pois de forma bastante precoce, estão iniciando no mundo dos adultos.
Palavras-chave: transição, alunos do 6º ano, ensino fundamental, incompreensão dos professores.
Karl Popper’in Platon Eleştirisinin Epistemolojik ve Politik Kökenleri
Authors: ERDEM Ekin 
Published: October 2019

Karl Raimund Popper (1902–1994), bilim felsefesine kazandırdığı yanlışlanabilirlik ilkesi ve siyaset felsefesinde geliştirdiği açık toplum kavramıyla 20. Yüzyıl’ın en etkili düşünürleri arasında yer almaktadır. Popper’in epistemoloji alanında Hegel’in diyalektik idealizmine, siyaset felsefesinde ise sosyalizme ve kolektivizme yaptığı eleştiriler, kendisinin ilk alanda neo-pozitivizmin, ikinci alanda ise neo-liberalizmin önemli bir temsilcisi olarak algılanmasına neden olmuştur. Ne var ki Popper’in idealizme yönelttiği eleştirilerin temeli La Mettrie tarzı bir materyalizme, David Hume tipi bir ampirisizme ya da Comte-Durkheim ekolünden bir pozitivizme dayanmadığı gibi, sosyalizm ve kolektivizme yönelttiği eleştiriler de kaynağını John Locke, Adam Smith ya da Friedrich von Hayek gibi klasik liberal teorisyenlerden almamaktadır. Popper’in her iki alandaki eleştirilerinin hedefinde bulunan düşünür, ilk büyük sistematik filozof olan Platon’dur (M.Ö.427–347). Popper, idealizme ve sosyalizme kökten cephe almaktan çok, Platon’un sisteminden kaynaklandığını düşündüğü objektif idealizme ve topyekûn toplum mühendisliğine karşı çıkmıştır. Buna karşılık düşünürün temel görüşlerinin, Platon’un da içinden çıkmış olduğu Sokratik geleneğin eleştirel ve bireyci bir yorumuna dayandığı söylenebilir.
A comparative study of phonetogram parameters among female trained Hindustani classical singers, untrained singers and non-singers
Authors: Bandhopadhyay Ankur , Chaterjee Indranil , Dey Sanghamitra 
Published: October 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vocal sound is based on the complex yet co-ordinated interaction of phonatory system, resonatory system and respiratory system. Phonetography is a practicable and readily accessible method to investigate and map the quantitative potentialities of vocal output. The objectives of the present study were to determine the phonetogram of trained (Hindustani classical) singers, untrained singer sand non-singers elicited from singing as well as speech task to see if statistically significant differences were present which may indicate an effect of training.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 90 female subjects between the ages 20-45 (mean age 34.2 years for trained subjects, 26.3 years for untrained subjects and 25.8 years for non-singers) divided into three groups each group consisting of 30 subjects. For the singing task, the individuals had to phonate |a| at habitual level by traversing through eight musical scales. In the speech task, the subjects were asked to count from one to twenty in Bengali at habitat level and at Sustainable cohorts of intensity. This was recorded using phonetogram software Dr. Speech (version 4). The parameters considered were fundamental frequency, intensity, semitones and area. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study revealed that in both tasks singing and non-singing task for all three groups in all the four parameters of phonetogram significant differences were seen (p=0.000) at 95% level of confidence.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study depicted the phonetographic profile of a genre of trained singers and tracked out the parameters on which differences are pronounced between a trained and untrained singer and non-singer.</p>
Primary tubercular otitis media: a rare case report
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Bhagat Sanjeev , Sahni Dimple , Sharma Dinesh 
Published: October 2019

<p class="abstract">Tubercular otitis media is a rare presentation of tuberculosis. High index of suspicion is required for diagnosis. We present a rare case of tubercular otitis media presenting as post auricular swelling with no evidence of pulmonary or any other foci of tuberculosis. Diagnosis was made on the basis of acid fast bacilli seen in fine needle aspirate. Anti-tubercular drugs were initiated and patient responded well to treatment.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
A study on conservative management on paediatric bone forearm fractures in tertiary care hospital in Cuddalore district
Authors: . Manikandarajan , Raj Dinesh 
Published: October 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna are common in the pediatric population. The standard management for pediatric forearm fractures remains conservative management with closed reduction and immobilization with an above elbow plaster cast. Though the fracture unites readily, malunion is very common. Stiffness of joints, compartment syndrome is other complications of conservative management with plaster cast Forearm fractures are common in the pediatric population. These fractures are mostly managed conservatively by means of closed manual reduction and casting. The aim of this study was to reiterate the importance of conservative management in both bone forearm fractures in the pediatric population.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective study from a tertiary level trauma center on 70 children up to 14 years of age with both bone forearm fractures from June 2018 to June 2019, cases were obtained from medical records. Data were collected and confirmed by plain X-ray films and medical records.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> All fractures achieved union at the final visit. More than 90 of diaphyseal forearm fractures achieved exceptional radiological and clinical outcomes and almost no case had a significantly poor outcome. There were significantly reduced angulation deformities before and after treatment (p&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Nonsurgical treatment as a model of management by means of closed reduction and casting is a very well accepted method of treating pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures. </p>
AUTODIDACTIC FOR PARENTS OF CHILDREN STUDYING IN MULTI-ETHNIC SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: L. Grigoryevа Elena , V. Lebedkina Maria , A. Musin Oleg , N. Germanov Gennadij , R. Bajmurzin Al'bert 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The article is aimed at describing a model of self-education of primary school children's parents and the results of its testing in a primary school in a multi-ethnic educational space. The leading technology of organizing self-education for parents of primary students and formation of their methods of auto-didactics is the technology of poly directional pedagogical counseling.
Methodology: The following methods of measuring the effectiveness of the offered program were used: SWOT - analysis of educational problems of primary school children in a multi-ethnic educational organization, analysis of research data on related topics, pedagogical modeling, studying students' work, observation, and survey methods with graphical interpretation of the data.
Result: The result of the study was a unique model of inclusion of primary students’ parents in the educational space of a multi-ethnic school. In accordance with the authors' model, an awareness program was launched for parents of primary school children.
Applications: The research materials can be useful for primary school teachers, for parents of primary students, as well as for specialists in the system of additional education in working with multi-ethnic children groups, as well as for social teachers in working with migrant families to build a non-conflict educational environment.
Novelty/Originality: The originality of the study lies in the development of a model for the inclusion of parents of younger schoolchildren in the educational space of a multi-ethnic school through parental self-education organized by school teachers.