bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid Prescription Patterns at Emergency Department Discharge for Children with Fractures
Authors: Drendel Amy L , Brousseau David C , Casper T Charles , Bajaj Lalit , Alessandrini Evaline A , Grundmeier Robert W , Chamberlain James M , Goyal Monika K , Olsen Cody S , Alpern Elizabeth R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
To measure the variability in discharge opioid prescription practices for children discharged from the emergency department (ED) with a long-bone fracture.

Design
A retrospective cohort study of pediatric ED visits in 2015.

Setting
Four pediatric EDs.

Subjects
Children aged four to 18 years with a long-bone fracture discharged from the ED.

Methods
A multisite registry of electronic health record data (PECARN Registry) was analyzed to determine the proportion of children receiving an opioid prescription on ED discharge. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine characteristics associated with receipt of an opioid prescription.

Results
There were 5,916 visits with long-bone fractures; 79% involved the upper extremity, and 27% required reduction. Overall, 15% of children were prescribed an opioid at discharge, with variation between the four EDs: A = 8.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.9–9.7%), B = 12.1% (95% CI = 10.5–14.0%), C = 16.9% (95% CI = 15.2–18.8%), D = 23.8% (95% CI = 21.7–26.1%). Oxycodone was the most frequently prescribed opioid. In the regression analysis, in addition to variation by ED site of care, age 12–18 years, white non-Hispanic, private insurance status, reduced fracture, and severe pain documented during the ED visit were associated with increased opioid prescribing.

Conclusions
For children with a long-bone fracture, discharge opioid prescription varied widely by ED site of care. In addition, black patients, Hispanic patients, and patients with government insurance were less likely to be prescribed opioids. This variability in opioid prescribing was not accounted for by patient- or injury-related factors that are associated with increased pain. Therefore, opioid prescribing may be modifiable, but evidence to support improved outcomes with specific treatment regimens is lacking.
The Production of Information in an Online World
Authors: Cagé Julia , Hervé Nicolas , Viaud Marie-Luce 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
News production requires investment, and competitors’ ability to appropriate a story may reduce a media’s incentives to provide original content. Yet, there is little legal protection of intellectual property rights in online news production, which raises the issue of the extent of copying online and the incentives to provide original content. In this article, we build a unique dataset combining all the online content produced by French news media during the year 2013 with new micro audience data. We develop a topic detection algorithm that identifies each news event, trace the timeline of each story, and study news propagation. We provide new evidence on online news production. First, we document high reactivity of online media: one quarter of the news stories are reproduced online in under 4 min. We show that this is accompanied by substantial copying, both at the extensive and at the intensive margins, which may constitute a severe threat to the commercial viability of the news media. Next, we estimate the returns to originality in online news production. Using article-level variations and media-level daily audience combined with article-level social media statistics, we find that original content producers tend to receive more viewers, thereby mitigating the newsgathering incentive problem raised by copying.
Toward understanding the impact of mHealth features for people with HIV: a latent class analysis of PositiveLinks usage
Authors: Canan Chelsea E , Flickinger Tabor E , Waselewski Marika , Tabackman Alexa , Baker Logan , Eger Samuel , Waldman Ava Lena D , Ingersoll Karen , Dillingham Rebecca 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
PositiveLinks (PL) is a multi-feature smartphone-based platform to improve engagement-in-care and viral suppression (VS) among clinic patients living with HIV. Features include medication reminders, mood/stress check-ins, a community board, and secure provider messaging. Our goal was to examine how PL users interact with the app and determine whether usage patterns correlate with clinical outcomes. Patients (N = 83) at a university-based Ryan White clinic enrolled in PL from June 2016 to March 2017 and were followed for up to 12 months. A subset (N = 49) completed interviews after 3 weeks of enrollment to explore their experiences with and opinions of PL. We differentiated PL members based on 6-month usage of app features using latent class analysis. We explored characteristics associated with class membership, compared reported needs and preferences by class, and examined association between class and VS. The sample of 83 PL members fell into four classes. “Maximizers” used all app features frequently (27%); “Check-in Users” tended to interact only with daily queries (22%); “Moderate All-Feature Users” used all features occasionally (33%); and “As-Needed Communicators” interacted with the app minimally (19%). VS improved or remained high among all classes after 6 months. VS remained high at 12 months among Maximizers (baseline and 12-month VS: 100%, 94%), Check-in Users (82%, 100%), and Moderate All-Feature Users (73%, 94%) but not among As-Needed Communicators (69%, 60%). This mixed-methods study identified four classes based on PL usage patterns that were distinct in characteristics and clinical outcomes. Identifying and characterizing mHealth user classes offers opportunities to tailor interventions appropriately based on patient needs and preferences as well as to provide targeted alternative support to achieve clinical goals.
Size matters: the effects of ontogenetic disparity on the phylogeny of Trematopidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli)
Authors: Gee Bryan M 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTrematopids are a clade of terrestrial Permo-Carboniferous temnospondyl amphibians. The intrarelationships of this clade are poorly known. This is largely attributable to a substantial disparity in size between type specimens, which range from the small-bodied lectotype of Mattauschia laticeps (&lt; 4 cm skull length) to the large-bodied holotype of Acheloma cumminsi (&gt; 15 cm skull length). Inferred correlation of size disparity with ontogenetic disparity has led previous workers either to omit taxa in phylogenetic analyses or to forgo an analysis altogether. Here, I take a specimen-level approach and multiple subsampling permutations to explore the phylogeny of the Trematopidae as a case study for assessing the effects of ontogenetic disparity on phylogenetic reconstruction in temnospondyls. The various analyses provide evidence that ontogenetic disparity confounds the phylogenetic inference of trematopids but without a directional bias. Tree topologies of most permutations are poorly resolved and weakly supported, reflecting character conflict that results from the inability of the analyses to differentiate retained plesiomorphies from juvenile features. These findings urge caution in the interpretation of phylogenetic analyses for which ontogenetic disparity exists, but is unaccounted for, and provide a strong impetus for more directed exploration of the interplay of ontogeny and phylogeny across Temnospondyli.
Targeted Population Health Utilizing Direct Referral to Home-Based Older Person Upstreaming Prevention Physical Therapy From a Community-Based Senior Center
Authors: Arena Sara K. , Wilson Christopher M. , Peterson Edward 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
An older adult's ability to remain safe and active in the community is multifactorial and includes physical and social determinants. The purpose of this study is to describe outcomes of the Home-Based Older Person Upstreaming Prevention Physical Therapy program targeted toward older adults referred from one community senior center.

Methods:
Older adults identified as “at risk” for decline or becoming homebound were referred by senior center staff. Home-Based Older Person Upstreaming Prevention Physical Therapy is a 6-month in-home preventative program entailing 6 in-person and 3 telehealth visits administered by a physical therapist (PT). Wellness, cardiovascular health, social integration, and frailty metrics resulted in interventions inclusive of cardiovascular and balance exercises, home safety, and community reintegration.

Results:
Participants (n = 30) demonstrated significant improvements in: Timed Up and Go (P = .02), Four Stage Balance Test (P = .003), STEADI Fall Risk Level (P = .002), Home FAST Assessment (P = .001), self-reported fear of falling (P = .001), Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (P = .01), and a Health Behavior Questionnaire (physical activity [P = .03], fruit and vegetable consumption [P = .03], and recommended weight [P = .01]).

Conclusion:
Home-Based Older Person Upstreaming Prevention Physical Therapy provided early access to preventative PT services in the homes of older adults. Positive functional, environmental, fall risk, and wellness outcomes were achieved when leveraging direct referral partnerships between community senior centers and PTs.
Activation of Cannabinoid Receptors Attenuates Endothelin-1–Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rat Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Lu Yan , Lee Danielle I. , Roy Chowdhury Subir , Lu Ping , Kamboj Amit , Anderson Christopher M. , Fernyhough Paul , Anderson Hope D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract:
Evidence suggests that the activation of the endocannabinoid system offers cardioprotection. Aberrant energy production by impaired mitochondria purportedly contributes to various aspects of cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether cannabinoid (CB) receptor activation would attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction induced by endothelin-1 (ET1). Acute exposure to ET1 (4 hours) in the presence of palmitate as primary energy substrate induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and decreased mitochondrial bioenergetics and expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation (ie, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α, a driver of mitochondrial biogenesis, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1β, facilitator of fatty acid uptake). A CB1/CB2 dual agonist with limited brain penetration, CB-13, corrected these parameters. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important regulator of energy homeostasis, mediated the ability of CB-13 to rescue mitochondrial function. In fact, the ability of CB-13 to rescue fatty acid oxidation–related bioenergetics, as well as expression of proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1β, was abolished by pharmacological inhibition of AMPK using compound C and shRNA knockdown of AMPKα1/α2, respectively. Interventions that target CB/AMPK signaling might represent a novel therapeutic approach to address the multifactorial problem of cardiovascular disease.
Lung protection in acute respiratory distress syndrome: what should we target?
Authors: Beitler Jeremy R. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Most clinical trials of lung-protective ventilation have tested one-size-fits-all strategies with mixed results. Data are lacking on how best to tailor mechanical ventilation to patient-specific risk of lung injury.

Recent findings
Risk of ventilation-induced lung injury is determined by biological predisposition to biophysical lung injury and physical mechanical perturbations that concentrate stress and strain regionally within the lung. Recent investigations have identified molecular subphenotypes classified as hyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which may have dissimilar risk for ventilation-induced lung injury. Mechanically, gravity-dependent atelectasis has long been recognized to decrease total aerated lung volume available for tidal ventilation, a concept termed the ‘ARDS baby lung’. Recent studies have demonstrated that the aerated baby lung also has nonuniform stress/strain distribution, with potentially injurious forces concentrated in zones of heterogeneity where aerated alveoli are adjacent to flooded or atelectatic alveoli. The preponderance of evidence also indicates that current standard-of-care tidal volume management is not universally protective in ARDS. When considering escalation of lung-protective interventions, potential benefits of the intervention should be weighed against tradeoffs of accompanying cointerventions required, for example, deeper sedation or neuromuscular blockade. A precision medicine approach to lung-protection would weigh.

Summary
A precision medicine approach to lung-protective ventilation requires weighing four key factors in each patient: biological predisposition to biophysical lung injury, mechanical predisposition to biophysical injury accounting for spatial mechanical heterogeneity within the lung, anticipated benefits of escalating lung-protective interventions, and potential unintended adverse effects of mandatory cointerventions.
Coal mining and lung disease in the 21st century
Authors: Leonard Rachel , Zulfikar Rafia , Stansbury Robert 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
To review the impact of coal mining and resurgence of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) in 21st century and effect of ambient air pollution on lung function.

Recent findings
At the beginning of 21st century, statistics by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health showed a steep rise in pneumoconiosis. This was followed by numerous epidemiologic and pathologic studies that confirmed increasing CWP prevalence as well as disease in younger miners and those with a shorter mining tenure. Recent studies have demonstrated that poor dust control in mines, a relative shift in composition of the coal mine dust, small sized mines and increase in surface mining are all possible contributors to this resurgence. There is also growing literature evaluating the effects of worsening air pollution on health, including decreasing lung function and development of emphysema, worsening quality of life measures and lung cancer.

Summary
This irreversible but preventable disease currently haunts approximately 60 000 miners across United States and millions across the world. Its resurgence despite the strict dust regulations is a setback from the public health standpoint. The continued reliance on coal for energy will continue to place coal miners at danger of developing disease as well as the world.
Safety of withholding intubation in gamma-hydroxybutyrate- and gamma-butyrolactone-intoxicated coma patients in the emergency department
Authors: van Helmond Lidwien P.F.M. , Gresnigt Femke M.J. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine if supportive care without endotracheal intubation in the emergency department (ED) was safe in the absence of complications in gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)/gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) intoxicated patients with a decreased Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of patients presenting to a Dutch tertiary urban ED with a reduced level of consciousness related to alleged GHB/GBL intoxication between April 2011–December 2014. Primary endpoint was major adverse events, defined by: upper airway obstruction not resolved with mayo tube or nasopharyngeal airway, hypoxia not resolved with 15 l of oxygen delivered via non-rebreathing mask, bradypnea not resolved after stimulation, intubation, bradycardia not resolved after intravenous atropine bolus, hypotension for which inotropes were started.ResultsData of 209 patients were retrieved. Major adverse events were reported in five patients (2.4%; 95% CI: 0.8–5.5). Intubation with subsequent ICU admission was required for 1.4% of patients (95% CI: 0.3–4.1). The most frequently seen minor adverse events (N = 209) were: airway obstruction (22%), hypothermia (14.8%), hypoxia (12.9%), bradycardia (8.1%), hypotension (6.7%), bradypnea (5.7%), vomiting (5.3%). There were no deaths. None of the patients had signs of aspiration pneumonia or returned to our ED due to complications.ConclusionOur study suggests that conservative airway management for patients with a decreased GCS due to suspected GHB intoxication may be safe. Major adverse events were present in 2.4% of patients, only 1.4% of patients required intubation. All minor adverse events were managed effectively with conservative treatment.
Protocol Biopsies in Patients With Subclinical De Novo Donor-specific Antibodies After Kidney Transplantation: A Multicentric Study
Authors: Bertrand Dominique , Gatault Philippe , Jauréguy Maïté , Garrouste Cyril , Sayegh Johnny , Bouvier Nicolas , Caillard Sophie , Lanfranco Luca , Galinier Aliénor , Laurent Charlotte , Etienne Isabelle , Farce Fabienne , François Arnaud , Guerrot Dominique 
Published: December 2019

Background.
De novo donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are associated with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and allograft loss. Whether monitoring of de novo DSA (dnDSA) paired with systematic kidney biopsy should become routine remains to be established.

Methods.
A retrospective multicentric study (9 French kidney transplant units of the Spiesser group) included patients without graft dysfunction biopsied because of the presence of dnDSA (One Lambda, mean fluorescence intensity [MFI], >1000).

Results.
One hundred twenty-three patients (85 male/38 female; mean age, 49.5 ± 13.1 y old) were biopsied after the detection of a dnDSA, 65.3 months (median) after kidney transplantation. Graft function was stable within 3 months before biopsy (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 55.3 ± 18.9 mL/min/1.73 m2). Fifty-one subclinical AMRs (sAMRs) (41.4%) were diagnosed, of which 32 (26%) active and 19 (15.5%) chronic active sAMR. Seventy-two biopsies revealed no AMR (58.5%). Predictive factors associated with the diagnosis of active sAMR were MFI of immunodominant DSA >4000, MFI of the sum of DSA >6300, age of the recipient <45 years old, and the absence of steroids at biopsy. The presence of proteinuria >200 mg/g was predictive of chronic active sAMR. The decrease of estimated glomerular filtration rate at 5 years post-biopsy was significantly higher in patients with acute sAMR (−25.2 ± 28.3 mL/min/1.73 m2) and graft survival significantly lower.

Conclusions.
Performing a kidney graft biopsy for the occurrence of dnDSA without renal dysfunction leads to the diagnosis of a sAMR in over 40% of cases. Nevertheless, we did not observe any effect of standard treatment in acute sAMR.
How Ramanujan may have discovered the mock theta functions
Authors: Andrews George E. 
Published: December 2019

Mock theta functions appeared out of the blue in Ramanujan's last letter to Hardy. What would lead Ramanujan to consider the possibility of such functions in the first place? This paper seeks to provide a plausible answer to this question.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Srinivasa Ramanujan: in celebration of the centenary of his election as FRS’.
Ramanujan's legacy: the work of the SASTRA prize winners
Authors: Alladi Krishnaswami 
Published: December 2019

The SASTRA Ramanujan Prize is an annual $10 000 prize given to mathematicians not exceeding the age of 32 for revolutionary contributions to areas influenced by Srinivasa Ramanujan. The prize has been unusually successful in recognizing highly gifted mathematicians at an early stage of their careers who have gone on to shape the development of mathematics. We describe the fundamental contributions of the winners and the impact they have had on current research. Several aspects of the work of the awardees either stem from or have been strongly influenced by Ramanujan's ideas.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Srinivasa Ramanujan: in celebration of the centenary of his election as FRS’.
Assessment of Prognostic Value of Cystic Features in Glioblastoma Relative to Sex and Treatment with Standard-of-Care
Authors: Curtin Lee , Whitmire Paula , Rickertsen Cassandra R. , Mazza Gina L. , Canoll Peter , Johnston Sandra K. , Mrugala Maciej M. , Swanson Kristin R. , Hu Leland S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor and can have cystic components, identifiable through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Previous studies suggest that cysts occur in 7-23% of GBMs and report mixed results regarding their prognostic impact. Using our retrospective cohort of 493 patients with first-diagnosis GBM, we carried out an exploratory analysis on this potential link between cystic GBM and survival. Using pretreatment MRIs, we manually identified 88 patients with GBM that had a significant cystic component at presentation and 405 patients that did not. Patients with cystic GBM had significantly longer overall survival and were significantly younger at presentation. Within patients who received the current standard of care (SOC) (N=184, 40 cystic), we did not observe a survival benefit of cystic GBM. Unexpectedly, we did not observe a significant survival benefit between this SOC cystic cohort and patients with cystic GBM diagnosed before the standard was established (N=40 with SOC, N=19 without SOC); this significant SOC benefit was clearly observed in patients with noncystic GBM (N=144 with SOC, N=111 without SOC). When stratified by sex, this significant survival benefit was only preserved in male patients (N=303, 47 cystic). We report differences in the absolute and relative sizes of imaging abnormalities on MRI and the prognostic implication of cysts based on sex. We discuss hypotheses for these differences, including the possibility that the presence of a cyst could indicate a less aggressive tumor.
Genome-wide association study identifies 143 loci associated with 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration
Authors: Revez Joana A , Lin Tian , Qiao Zhen , Xue Angli , Holtz Yan , Zhu Zhihong , Zeng Jian , Wang Huanwei , Sidorenko Julia , Kemper Kathryn E , Vinkhuyzen Anna AE , Frater Julanne , Eyles Darryl , Burne Thomas HJ , Mitchell Brittany , Martin Nicholas G , Zhu Gu , Visscher Peter M , Yang Jian , Wray Naomi R , McGrath John J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is a candidate risk factor for a range of adverse health outcomes. In a genome-wide association study of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration in 417,580 Europeans we identified 143 independent loci in 112 1-Mb regions providing new insights into the physiology of vitamin D and implicating genes involved in (a) lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, (b) dermal tissue properties, and (c) the sulphonation and glucuronidation of 25OHD. Mendelian randomization models found no robust evidence that 25OHD concentration had causal effects on candidate phenotypes (e.g. BMI, psychiatric disorders), but many phenotypes had (direct or indirect) causal effects on 25OHD concentration, clarifying the relationship between 25OHD status and health.