bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic prediction enables early but low‐intensity selection in soybean segregating progenies
Authors: Mendonça Leandro de Freitas , Galli Giovanni , Malone Gaspar , Fritsche‐Neto Roberto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], new commercial lines are commonly obtained from biparental crosses, and the selection is performed as homozygosity increases. However, it is difficult to select for quantitative traits in the early steps of breeding, due to the high heterozygosity level and a vast number of new progenies, which sometimes lead breeders to randomly select for these traits in this phase. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of genomic selection in early generations of a soybean breeding program. Working on germplasm derived from two different maturity regions in Brazil, genotyped in F2 and phenotyped in F2:4 for grain yield, plant height, maturity rating, and days to maturity, we compared the composition of different training populations, models with and without the genotype × environment (G × E) interaction effect, and two types of relationship measurements (genetic similarity and Euclidian distance). Results showed superior performance of the Euclidian distance kernel over the standard VanRaden kernel in major scenarios tested. In general, G × E models did not obtain superior performance compared with mean principal models, and the training population composed only of the nearest progenies had the highest prediction ability. The best models achieved prediction abilities between 0.40 and 0.56, thereby enabling application of a low‐intensity selection in F2. As a result, half of the progenies could be discarded without missing a great part of the good ones. Our results show that through genomic prediction, it is possible to select for quantitative traits in the early steps of breeding, which might increase the efficiency of the program in the advanced phases.
Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID‐19
Authors: Guo Weina , Li Mingyue , Dong Yalan , Zhou Haifeng , Zhang Zili , Tian Chunxia , Qin Renjie , Wang Haijun , Shen Yin , Du Keye , Zhao Lei , Fan Heng , Luo Shanshan , Hu Desheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgoundTo figure out whether diabetes is a risk factor influencing the progression and prognosis of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19).MethodsA total of 174 consecutive patients confirmed with COVID‐19 were studied. Demographic data, medical history, symptoms and signs, laboratory findings, chest computed tomography (CT) as well the treatment measures were collected and analysed.ResultsWe found that COVID‐19 patients without other comorbidities but with diabetes (n = 24) were at higher risk of severe pneumonia, release of tissue injury‐related enzymes, excessive uncontrolled inflammation responses and hypercoagulable state associated with dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Furthermore, serum levels of inflammation‐related biomarkers such as IL‐6, C‐reactive protein, serum ferritin and coagulation index, D‐dimer, were significantly higher (P < .01) in diabetic patients compared with those without, suggesting that patients with diabetes are more susceptible to an inflammatory storm eventually leading to rapid deterioration of COVID‐19.ConclusionsOur data support the notion that diabetes should be considered as a risk factor for a rapid progression and bad prognosis of COVID‐19. More intensive attention should be paid to patients with diabetes, in case of rapid deterioration.
Plant–animal interactions between carnivorous plants, sheet‐web spiders, and ground‐running spiders as guild predators in a wet meadow community
Authors: Krupa James J. , Hopper Kevin R. , Gruber Samuel B. , Schmidt Jason M. , Harwood James D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Plant–animal interactions are diverse and widespread shaping ecology, evolution, and biodiversity of most ecological communities. Carnivorous plants are unusual in that they can be simultaneously engaged with animals in multiple mutualistic and antagonistic interactions including reversed plant–animal interactions where they are the predator. Competition with animals is a potential antagonistic plant–animal interaction unique to carnivorous plants when they and animal predators consume the same prey.

The goal of this field study was to test the hypothesis that under natural conditions, sundews and spiders are predators consuming the same prey thus creating an environment where interkingdom competition can occur.

Over 12 months, we collected data on 15 dates in the only protected Highland Rim Wet Meadow Ecosystem in Kentucky where sundews, sheet‐web spiders, and ground‐running spiders co‐exist. One each sampling day, we attempted to locate fifteen sites with: (a) both sheet‐web spiders and sundews; (b) sundews only; and (c) where neither occurred. Sticky traps were set at each of these sites to determine prey (springtails) activity–density. Ground‐running spiders were collected on sampling days. DNA extraction was performed on all spiders to determine which individuals had eaten springtails and comparing this to the density of sundews where the spiders were captured.

Sundews and spiders consumed springtails. Springtail activity–densities were lower, the higher the density of sundews. Both sheet‐web and ground‐running spiders were found less often where sundew densities were high. Sheet‐web size was smaller where sundew densities were high.

The results of this study suggest that asymmetrical exploitative competition occurs between sundews and spiders. Sundews appear to have a greater negative impact on spiders, where spiders probably have little impact on sundews. In this example of interkingdom competition where the asymmetry should be most extreme, amensalism where one competitor experiences no cost of interaction may be occurring.
A critical assessment of the design issues in e‐commerce systems development
Authors: Ehikioya Sylvanus A. , Guillemot Eric 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDesigners of electronic commerce (e‐commerce) transaction system applications face many challenges; some are old while others are emerging because of the emerging nature of the e‐commerce domain itself. This article examines the critical design challenges at different stages of the design process of e‐commerce applications. The high‐level designs have a large number of new issues specific to Web applications. Among them, the security and networking problems are the most determinant for the success of the applications. At the detailed design level, the languages and the user interface are major concerns. The user interface, specific to the Web, forces designers to redefine the traditional concept of the end user for the more appropriate customer‐centric concept. This is necessary to address the needs of consumers and for the survival of e‐commerce businesses. In addition, we also examine issues bothering the development team and the e‐commerce environment. Designers experienced in non‐Web applications can be more successful at developing e‐commerce applications if they address the issues we identified in this article in a creative
way.
Revealing and comparing different excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer processes for 3‐(4‐dimethylamino‐phenyl)‐1‐(4‐fluoro‐2‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐propenone and 3‐(4‐dimethylamino‐phenyl)‐1‐(4‐fluoro‐2‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐3‐hydroxy‐propenon
Authors: Gao Haiyan , Song Xiaoyan , Yang Xiaohui , Yang Dapeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo novel 2′‐hydroxychalcone derivatives (i.e., M1 and M2) are explored in this work. We mainly focus on investigating the effects of photoexcitation on hydrogen bonds and on the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. On the basis of calculations of electrostatic potential surface and intramolecular interactions, we verify the formation of hydrogen bond O1H2···O3 in both S0 and S1 states. Exploring the ultraviolet–visible spectra in the liquid phase, our simulated results reappear in the experimental phenomenon. Analyzing molecular geometry and infrared stretching vibrational spectra, we confirm O1H2···O3 is strengthened for both M1 and M2 in the S1 state. We further confirm that charge redistribution facilitates ESIPT tendency. Constructing potential energy curves, we find the ultrafast ESIPT behavior for M1, which is because of the deficiency of side hydroxyl moiety comparing with M2. This work makes a reasonable affiliation of the ESIPT mechanism for M1 and M2. We wish this paper could facilitate understanding these two novel systems and promote their applications.
Experimental and theoretical study on triazole derivatives as chelating agents to remove Fe++ Ions from wastewater in oil field
Authors: Azzam Eid M. S. , Gad Elshafie A. M. , Al‐Fahemi Jabir H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized triazole derivatives as chelating agents (3‐(p‐methylphenyl)‐5‐(phenylsulfonyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazoline (MT), 3‐phenyl‐5‐(phenylsulfonyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazoline (PT), and 3‐(p‐fluorophenyl)‐5‐(phenylsulfonyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazoline (FT) to remove Fe++ ions from wastewater in oil field. The effect of synthesized compounds on the removal of iron (II) from iron‐contaminated samples (Lab. design) and an industrial wastewater sample studied using DR5000 UV‐vis spectrophotometer technique. Removal of iron was studied at different concentrations of FeSO4 solution and field sample concentration. In addition, removal of iron (II) was investigated at different times. The performance of the derivative groups (methyl and fluoro) on chelating of Fe++ ions was studied. The prepared compounds show high efficiency in removing the iron ions from the water samples used. The removal efficiency of the title molecules (MT), (PT), and (FT) was investigated using DMol3 (Materials Studio v7.0) based on quantum descriptors such as EHOMO and ELUMO. Mulliken atomic charges distribution and Fukui indices were estimated to verify the local reactive sites of the molecules. The quantum chemical parameters were found to suitable to interpret the performance of the investigated molecules as a chelating agent for Fe++.
Responsiveness of sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome to vitamin B6 cofactor supplementation
Authors: Zhao Piming , Liu Isaac D. , Hodgin Jeffrey B. , Benke Peter I. , Selva Jeremy , Torta Federico , Wenk Markus R. , Endrizzi James A. , West Olivia , Ou Weixing , Tang Emily , Goh Denise Li‐Meng , Tay Stacey Kiat‐Hong , Yap Hui‐Kim , Loh Alwin , Weaver Nicole , Sullivan Bonnie , Larson Austin , Cooper Megan A. , Alhasan Khalid , Alangari Abdullah A. , Salim Suha , Gumus Evren , Chen Karin , Zenker Martin , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Saba Julie D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) lyase is a vitamin B6‐dependent enzyme that degrades sphingosine‐1‐phosphate in the final step of sphingolipid metabolism. In 2017, a new inherited disorder was described caused by mutations in SGPL1, which encodes sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL). This condition is referred to as SPL insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) or alternatively as nephrotic syndrome type 14 (NPHS14). Patients with SPLIS exhibit lymphopenia, nephrosis, adrenal insufficiency, and/or neurological defects. No targeted therapy for SPLIS has been reported. Vitamin B6 supplementation has therapeutic activity in some genetic diseases involving B6‐dependent enzymes, a finding ascribed largely to the vitamin's chaperone function. We investigated whether B6 supplementation might have activity in SPLIS patients. We retrospectively monitored responses of disease biomarkers in patients supplemented with B6 and measured SPL activity and sphingolipids in B6‐treated patient‐derived fibroblasts. In two patients, disease biomarkers responded to B6 supplementation. S1P abundance and activity levels increased and sphingolipids decreased in response to B6. One responsive patient is homozygous for an SPL R222Q variant present in almost 30% of SPLIS patients. Molecular modeling suggests the variant distorts the dimer interface which could be overcome by cofactor supplementation. We demonstrate the first potential targeted therapy for SPLIS and suggest that 30% of SPLIS patients might respond to cofactor supplementation.
CD‐sACE2 inclusion compounds: An effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Lu Xiaosheng , Xu Chao , Wang Yanjin , Sun Wenjuan , Xi Jianing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoronaviruses are common human viruses and include the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV), the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the SARS‐CoV‐2. Coronaviruses mainly bind to transmembrane receptor proteins on the human cell membrane through spike proteins (S‐proteins), thus releasing the RNA of the virus into the interior of the host cell to cause an infection. In this article, we discuss the mechanism and production of cyclodextrin‐soluble angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (CD‐sACE2) inclusion compounds in the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections by blocking S‐proteins. On the basis of the current research evidence, we believe that CD‐sACE2 inclusion compounds have the potential to treat COVID‐19. We hope that our article can provide a theoretical basis for later experiments.
Population and Harvest Dynamics of Midcontinent Sandhill Cranes
Authors: Pearse Aaron T. , Sargeant Glen A. , Krapu Gary L. , Brandt David A. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTSandhill cranes (Antigone canadensis) inhabiting the midcontinent of North America have been hunted since the 1960s under management goals of maintaining abundance, retaining geographic distribution, and maximizing sustainable harvest. Some biologists have raised concerns regarding harvest sustainability because sandhill cranes have lower reproductive rates than other game birds. We summarized demographic information in an age‐structured matrix model to better understand population dynamics and harvest. Population indices and recovered harvest since the early 1980s suggest midcontinent sandhill cranes have experienced an average long‐term annual growth of 0.9%; meanwhile, harvest has increased 1.8% annually. Adult survival and recruitment rates estimated from field data required modest adjustments (1–3%) so that model‐derived growth rates matched growth estimated from a long‐term survey (0.887 adult survival and 0.199 females/breeding female). Considering 0.9% long‐term annual growth, sandhill cranes could be harvested at a rate of 6.6% if harvest was additive to natural mortality (assumed to be 0.05) or 11.3% if harvest mortality compensated for natural mortality. Life‐history characteristics for long‐lived organisms and demographic evidence suggested that hunter harvest was primarily additive. Differential harvest rates of segments of sandhill cranes in the midcontinent population derived from differential exposure to hunting suggested potentially unsustainable harvest for greater sandhill cranes (A. c. tabida) from 2 breeding segments. Overall, demographic evidence suggests that the harvest of sandhill cranes in the midcontinent population has been managed sustainably. Monitoring activities that reduce nuisance variation and estimate vital and harvest rates by subspecies would support continued management of sandhill cranes that are of interest to hunters and bird watchers. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Ultra‐compact orthogonal pattern diversity antenna module for 5G smartphones
Authors: Karthikeya Gulur Sadananda , Koul Shiban K. , Poddar Ajay K. , Rohde Ulrich 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article, an electrically compact end‐fire antenna with high pattern integrity operating in the 28 GHz band with an impedance bandwidth of 9% is proposed for mmWave 5G smartphones. The forward gain of the antenna is 8 to 10 dBi across the band. The effective radiating volume of the proposed antenna is 0.05 λ3 indicating a high gain yield for the available physical footprint. The common data usage modes of the smartphone are portrait mode and landscape modes. In order to cater to this purpose, a compact orthogonal pattern diversity module is proposed with mutual coupling less than 15 dB across the operating band. The compactness of the module is illustrated with actual 3D‐printed mobile case which adheres to the dimensions of commercially available smartphones.
Regularized variational data assimilation for bias treatment using the Wasserstein metric
Authors: Tamang Sagar K. , Ebtehaj Ardeshir , Zou Dongmian , Lerman Gilad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article presents a new variational data assimilation (VDA) approach for the formal treatment of bias in both model outputs and observations. This approach relies on the Wasserstein metric, stemming from the theory of optimal mass transport, to penalize the distance between the probability histograms of the analysis state and an a priori reference dataset, which is likely to be more uncertain but less biased than both model and observations. Unlike previous bias‐aware VDA approaches, the new Wasserstein metric VDA (WM‐VDA) treats systematic biases of unknown magnitude and sign dynamically in both model and observations, through assimilation of the reference data in the probability domain, and can recover the probability histogram of the analysis state fully. The performance of WM‐VDA is compared with the classic three‐dimensional VDA (3D‐Var) scheme for first‐order linear dynamics and the chaotic Lorenz attractor. Under positive systematic biases in both model and observations, we consistently demonstrate a significant reduction in the forecast bias and unbiased root‐mean‐squared error.
Evolutions and upcoming on Zika virus diagnosis through an outbreak: A systematic review
Authors: Jorge Fernando A. , Thomazella Mateus V. , de Castro Moreira Deborah , Lopes Luciana D. G. , Teixeira Jorge J. V. , Bertolini Dennis A. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryZika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped, positive single‐stranded sense RNA virus transmitted by Aedes species. Many efforts have been conducted to find a good, reliable and cost‐effective test for ZIKV diagnosis. Diagnosis is still imprecise, expensive and there is not a standard model. We investigated the publications on ZIKV diagnostics and analyzed varieties of diagnostic methods, sensibility, specificity, and the evolution of new methodologies. Conducted in accordance with the PRISMA‐P statement, three blocks of MeSH terms were assembled: group I: virus infection; group II: diagnostic methodologies; group III: characteristics and varieties on diagnostic methods. Search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. Eighteen articles were retrieved, reporting serological and molecular diagnostic techniques. Serum was used as the main biological material in the serological diagnosis, but urine and sperm were presented as an alternative. Molecular methods used structural and nonstructural regions of ZIKV genome. Experimental methodologies were more efficient, faster, and cheaper. Serological tests are faster and less expensive than molecular assays, but molecular assays are more specific. The use of both methodologies would be the most appropriate and reliable way to obtain correct diagnostic results.
A comparison of turbine entrainment rates and seasonal entrainment vulnerability of two sympatric char species, bull trout and lake trout, in a hydropower reservoir
Authors: Harrison Philip M. , Ward Taylor , Algera Dirk A. , Culling Brad , Euchner Ted , Leake Alf , Crossman James A. , Cooke Steven J. , Power Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPotadromous salmonids that reside in hydropower reservoirs often have a high recreational and conservation value. However, the potential seasonal turbine entrainment vulnerability patterns of potadromous salmonids are not well understood. Here, we use acoustic telemetry to test the hypothesis that adults of two species of the Salvelinus genus (bull trout and lake trout) differ in their seasonal patterns of entrainment and entrainment vulnerability over a 2‐year period. Our results show that while both species were entrained at similarly low annual rates (~1%), these two salmonids differed in their patterns of forebay residency and proximity, with implications for entrainment risk. Bull trout occupied the forebay at low rates across all seasons, with no clear seasonal pattern of forebay proximity. In contrast, lake trout displayed a strongly seasonal pattern of entrainment vulnerability with a distinct movement away from the forebay during the summer, and a large increase in forebay proximity and use in the winter and spring. These findings provide a novel species‐specific demonstration of the potential entrainment vulnerability of lake trout. The seasonal patterns of entrainment vulnerability seen in previous bull trout studies, where bull trout occupied top pelagic predator niches, were not replicated in our study where bull trout occur in sympatry with another top pelagic predator. These findings, which indicate that species composition plays an important role determining entrainment vulnerability, have important implications for the conservation of indigenous lake trout and bull trout populations, and together highlight the need for a site‐specific approach to entrainment quantification.
Brane webs and magnetic quivers for SQCD
Authors: Bourget Antoine , Cabrera Santiago , Grimminger Julius F. , Hanany Amihay , Zhong Zhenghao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It is widely considered that the classical Higgs branch of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SQCD is a well understood object. However there is no satisfactory understanding of its structure. There are two complications: (1) the Higgs branch chiral ring contains nilpotent elements, as can easily be checked in the case of SU(N) with 1 flavour. (2) the Higgs branch as a geometric space can in general be decomposed into two cones with nontrivial intersection, the baryonic and mesonic branches. To study the second point in detail we use the recently developed tool of magnetic quivers for five-brane webs, using the fact that the classical Higgs branch for theories with 8 supercharges does not change through dimensional reduction. We compare this approach with the computation of the hyper-Kähler quotient using Hilbert series techniques, finding perfect agreement if nilpotent operators are eliminated by the computation of a so called radical. We study the nature of the nilpotent operators and give conjectures for the Hilbert series of the full Higgs branch, giving new insights into the vacuum structure of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SQCD. In addition we demonstrate the power of the magnetic quiver technique, as it allows us to identify the decomposition into cones, and provides us with the global symmetries of the theory, as a simple alternative to the techniques that were used to date.
On critical exponents for self-similar collapse
Authors: Antonelli Riccardo , Hatefi Ehsan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We explore systematically perturbations of self-similar solutions to the Einstein-axion-dilaton system, whose dynamics are invariant under spacetime dilations combined with internal 𝔰𝔩(2, ℝ) transformations. The self-similar solutions capture the enticing behavior “critical” systems on the verge of gravitational collapse, in arbitrary spacetime dimensions. Our methods rest on a combination of analytical and numerical tools, apply to all three conjugacy classes of 𝔰𝔩(2, ℝ) transformations and allow accurate estimates of the corresponding Choptuik exponents. It is well known that these exponents depend on the spacetime dimension and on the matter content. Our main result is that they also attain different values, even within a given conjugacy class, for the distinct types of critical solutions that we recently identified in the Einstein-axion-dilaton system.