bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Polar
Authors: Abu-Alam Tamer 
Published: June 2020

Data from the Polar Regions are of critical importance to modern research and decision makers. Regardless of their disciplinary and institutional affiliations, researchers rely heavily on the comparison of existing data with new data sets to assess changes that are taking effect. However, in a recent survey of 113 major polar data providers, we found that an estimated 60% of the existing polar research data is unfindable through common search engines and can only be accessed through institutional webpages. This raises an awareness sign of the need of the scientific community to harvest different metadata related to the Polar Regions and collect it in a homogenous, seamless database and making this database available to researchers, students and publics through one search platform.
This contribution describes the progress in an ongoing project, Open Polar, started in 2019 at UiT The Arctic University of Norway. The project aims to collect metadata about all the open-access research data, articles and other scholarly documents related to the Polar Regions in a homogenous and seamless database. During the first six months of the project, the beta version of the user-interface was established, with a search by map and an advanced search function. An extensive geo-database that includes thousands of polar locations and their geographic information was collected from different sources. The geo-database together with a list of keywords (i.e. on sources, indigenous peoples, languages and other polar-related keywords) will be used in the filtration process.
A Reference Board was formed, and the first board meeting took place in April 2020. The geographic definition of “Polar Regions” was defined in order to include most of the current geographic definitions of “Arctic”. The project is still facing some challenges that include for example integration with non-standard data sources who do not use Dublin Core Metadata schema, or are not harvestable through the Open Access Initiative’s standard protocol for harvesting (OAI-PMH).
Effect of Addition of Citric Acid and Sodium Benzoate on pH and Microbial Profile of Soymilk
Authors: Agbaka Johnpaul I. , Ishiwu Charles N. , Ibrahim Ajibola N. 
Published: June 2020

Aim: To study the synergistic effect of chemical preservatives on the keeping quality of soymilk.
Study Design: Ten soymilk samples were prepared and treated with different concentrations of citric acid and sodium benzoate and stored at ambient conditions.
Place and duration of Study: The present study was conducted at the Department of Food Science and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka between March 2015 and June 2016
Methodology: Ten (10) soymilk samples were prepared. Soybean seeds (2 kg) that are free of dirt and stones were weighed and steeped in 4 L of tap water, a 12 h steeping regime was adopted. Each soymilk sample was formulated by adding different concentrations of sodium benzoate and citric acid, while the control sample had no treatment. All soymilk samples were then boiled at 75oC for 15 minutes and stored in storage bottles. Standard microbiological techniques were employed in the isolation and enumeration of potential spoilage organisms in soymilk samples. pH analysis was conducted throughout the storage period.
Results: There was a decrease in pH of all soymilk samples with increasing storage time. pH at day 0 ranged between 6.2 to 7.2. Isolated bacteria in 10 soymilk samples included Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp., Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter species. However, results obtained showed that soymilk could keep up to 7 days at ambient temperature, encouraging the use of citric acid and sodium benzoate as chemical preservatives.
Conclusion: In the present study, preservation of soymilk samples from a combination of citric acid and sodium benzoate which are chemical preservatives was found to be more effective than several organic preservatives. Hence, they represent an alternative source of chemical antimicrobial substances for use in food systems to prevent the growth of food borne microorganisms and extend the shelf-life of processed food.
Utilization of Ostracods (Crustacea) as Bioindicator for Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Parameswari E. , Davamani V. , Kalaiarasi R. , Ilakiya T. , Arulmani S. 
Published: June 2020

Ecosystem undergoes drastic changes due to the anthropogenic activities. As a consequence of industrial development, increasing population growth and modernized agricultural practices water resources like limnetic zone and marine areas have undergone eutrophication. This resulted in the decline in population of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Hence, it is an urgent need to monitor the quality of the environment. Several organisms are used as biomonitors. Among them, Ostracodes (Seed Shrimps) which belong to Crustacean group are very sensitive to those changes in the environment and useful in predicting the paleo environmental conditions. Ostracodes are bivalve arthropods which are enclosed in a carapace made of low magnesium calcite. These species are occurring for about 450 million years dates back to ordovician which are known for their easier fossilization. The development of Ostracodes is influenced by the physic - chemical properties of waters such as Salinity, temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen, bottom grain sizes and sedimentation rates. In addition to diversity and abundance of population, morphological and geochemical changes can also be detected in the Ostracod carapace (shell) which serves as a tracer of the water quality. These details are basis for utilizing Ostracods as paleoenvironmental (paleoclimatic, paleosalinity, paleooceanographic) reconstruction, ecotoxicity monitoring, biostratigraphic indicator. Moreover, these microcrustaceans showed similar or higher sensitivity to herbicides, pesticides, oil spills or heavy metals pollution other than traditional groups like copepods, protozoan, rotifers, cladocerans which are used to test the human impacts on ecosystem. These meiofaunas are highly adaptable to waters containing organic and inorganic contaminants generated by catastrophic activities by human beings in the surroundings.
To Study the Pattern of Ocular Trauma and Predict-ing the Final Visual Outcome in Paediatric Ocular Trauma Cases in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre of Eastern India
Authors: Prasad Rahul , Tiwari Deepti , Kumari Bibha , Bandyopadhyay Antabha 
Published: June 2020

Aim: The study was done to identify causes, demographic and clinical profile and to evaluate factors influencing visual outcome in paediatric ocular trauma patients (up to 15 years).
Study Design: It was a prospective interventional study
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was done in a tertiary eye care centre of eastern India between January 2019 to February 2020.
Materials and Methods: The study was done from January 2019 to February 2020 on children between 1 year to 15 years of either sex with ocular trauma. Demographic details, cause of injury, presenting visual acuity were noted. Follow up was done till 2 months after carrying out appropriate intervention.
Results: A total 106 eyes of 106 patients were evaluated and it was observed that children who were of 7 yrs and above were more affected (67%) than below (33%). Male children (59%) were more affected than female (41%). Injuries to Adnexa were found in 52% eyes, 40% injury cases were due to closed injury while open globe injuries comprised 8% of total cases. Common causes of injury were found to be mainly blunt objects and projectile objects. Maximum correction in visual acuity (VA) of more than 6/18 was achieved in 66% eyes, 6/18-6/60 in 11% eyes, <6/60-counting finger at 1 meter in 10% eyes.
Conclusion: Late reporting, poor initial visual acuity, involvement of posterior segment, and no immediate primary intervention at time of injury adversely affect visual outcome. Early intervention and globe salvaging repair should be done in all eyes of trauma.
Plant Sphingolipids
Authors: Belton Samuel , Ng Carl KY 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Sphingolipids, a class of amino alcohol‐based lipids, are major eukaryotic lipids, and they have also been found in some prokaryotes. Since the discovery of sphingolipids by Johann Ludwig Thudichum in 1874, this class of lipids is now less enigmatic, and to date, we have a much better understanding of how they are metabolised, their structural diversity and the roles they play in regulating eukaryotic cellular processes and physiology. Our understanding of the functional roles of sphingolipids in cells has come largely from studies using mammalian cells and yeast. However, in the past 20 years, we have made great strides in our understanding of plant sphingolipid metabolism, structure and function. Readers are encouraged to refer to the relevant literature for further detailed information.

Key Concepts

Sphingolipids are major eukaryotic lipids, and they have been shown to be important in membrane organisation, as well as playing key roles in regulating cellular physiology.

The
de novo
biosynthesis of sphingolipids in all eukaryotes begins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is catalysed by the pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP)‐dependent serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), resulting in the formation of long‐chain bases (LCBs).

The LCBs can undergo further metabolism to form more complex sphingolipids, such as ceramides, glucosylceramides and glycosyl inositolphosphoceramides (GIPCs).

In addition to the
de novo
pathway, all eukaryotes also possess the salvage pathway whereby LCBs are recovered from ceramides, and key to this salvage pathway is a class of enzymes known as ceramidases.

Plant sphingolipids have been shown to function in membrane organisation, abiotic and biotic stress responses, regulation of developmental processes and plant physiology.
Designing Dendrite‐Free Zinc Anodes for Advanced Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Hao Junnan , Li Xiaolong , Zhang Shilin , Yang Fuhua , Zeng Xiaohui , Zhang Shuai , Bo Guyue , Wang Chunsheng , Guo Zaiping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractZn metal has been regarded as the most promising anode for aqueous batteries due to its high capacity, low cost, and environmental benignity. Zn anode still suffers, however, from low Coulombic efficiency due to the side reactions and dendrite growth in slightly acidic electrolytes. Here, the Zn plating/stripping mechanism is thoroughly investigated in 1 m ZnSO4 electrolyte, demonstrating that the poor performance of Zn metal in mild electrolyte should be ascribed to the formation of a porous by‐product (Zn4SO4(OH)6·xH2O) layer and serious dendrite growth. To suppress the side reactions and dendrite growth, a highly viscoelastic polyvinyl butyral film, functioning as an artificial solid/electrolyte interphase (SEI), is homogeneously deposited on the Zn surface via a simple spin‐coating strategy. This dense artificial SEI film not only effectively blocks water from the Zn surface but also guides the uniform stripping/plating of Zn ions underneath the film due to its good adhesion, hydrophilicity, ionic conductivity, and mechanical strength. Consequently, this side‐reaction‐free and dendrite‐free Zn electrode exhibits high cycling stability and enhanced Coulombic efficiency, which also contributes to enhancement of the full‐cell performance when it is coupled with MnO2 and LiFePO4 cathodes.
NIR‐II Light Activated Photosensitizer with Aggregation‐Induced Emission for Precise and Efficient Two‐Photon Photodynamic Cancer Cell Ablation
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Chen Huan , Liu Jie , Chen Chengjian , Liu Bin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNear infrared (NIR) light excitable photosensitizers are highly desirable for photodynamic therapy with deep penetration. Herein, a NIR‐II light (1200 nm) activated photosensitizer TQ‐BTPE is designed with aggregation‐induced singlet oxygen (1O2) generation for two‐photon photodynamic cancer cell ablation. TQ‐BTPE shows good two‐photon absorption and bright aggregation‐induced NIR‐I emission upon NIR‐II laser excitation. The 1O2 produced by TQ‐BTPE in an aqueous medium is much more efficient than that of commercial photosensitizer Ce6 under white light irradiation. Upon NIR‐II excitation, the two‐photon photosensitization of TQ‐BTPE is sevenfold higher than that of Ce6. The TQ‐BTPE molecules internalized by HeLa cells are mostly located in lysosomes as small aggregate dots with homogeneous distribution inside the cells, which favors efficient photodynamic cell ablation. The two‐photon photosensitization of TQ‐BTPE upon NIR‐I and NIR‐II excitation shows higher 1O2 generation efficiency than under NIR‐I excitation owing to the larger two‐photon absorption cross section at 920 nm. However, NIR‐II light exhibits better biological tissue penetration capability after passing through a fresh pork tissue, which facilitates stronger two‐photon photosensitization and better cancer cell ablation performance. This work highlights the promise of NIR‐II light excitable photosensitizers for deep‐tissue photodynamic therapy.
Response to Comment on “Prediction of Novel p‐Type Transparent Conductors in Layered Double Perovskites: A First‐Principles Study”
Authors: Xu Jian , Liu Jian‐Bo , Wang Jianfeng , Liu Bai‐Xin , Huang Bing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe search for high‐performance p‐type transparent conductors is crucial to many emerging optoelectronic applications. Motivated by the pioneer predictions of the existence of intrinsic p‐type conductivity in several wide‐gap layered halide double perovskites, Hu et al. synthesize the Cs4CdSb2Cl12 compound, but fail to observe the p‐type conductivity. They argue that the different conclusion is mostly due to the chemical potential boundary overestimation and bandgap underestimation in the initial calculations. In this study, based on the additional calculations, it is demonstrated that these two factors raised by Hu et al. will not affect the major conclusions, although the pinned Fermi level (EF‐pin) can slightly be changed. Importantly, it is found that the different conclusion obtains by Xu et al. and Hu et al. is mostly due to the different crystal phases adopted, which can have a big impact on the calculated EF‐pin positions and the resulting p‐type performance. Finally, besides the careful control of growth conditions for reaching the ideal p‐type chemical potential regions, it is suggested that a moderate strain/pressure or fast quenching may be further adopted to enhance the p‐type conductivity in Cs4CdSb2Cl12 and other similar compounds for better experimental observations.
Bioinspired Multifunctional Organic Transistors Based on Natural Chlorophyll/Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Yang Ben , Lu Yang , Jiang Donghan , Li Zhenchao , Zeng Yan , Zhang Shen , Ye Yi , Liu Zhen , Ou Qingqing , Wang Yan , Dai Shilei , Yi Yuanping , Huang Jia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInspired by the photosynthesis process of natural plants, multifunctional transistors based on natural biomaterial chlorophyll and organic semiconductors (OSCs) are reported. Functions as photodetectors (PDs) and light‐stimulated synaptic transistors (LSSTs) can be switched by gate voltage. As PDs, the devices exhibit ultrahigh photoresponsivity up to 2 × 106A W−1, detectivity of 6 × 1015Jones, andIphoto/Idarkratio of 2.7 × 106, which make them among the best reported organic PDs. As LSSTs, important synaptic functions similar to biological synapses are demonstrated, together with a dynamic learning and forgetting process and image‐processing function. Significantly, benefiting from the ultrahigh photosensitivity of chlorophyll, the lowest operating voltage and energy consumption of the LSSTs can be 10−5V and 0.25 fJ, respectively. The devices also exhibit high flexibility and long‐term air stability. This work provides a new guide for developing organic electronics based on natural biomaterials.
Effect of the Incorporation of Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals into UiO‐66 on Composite Porosity and Surface Heterogeneity Alterations
Authors: Policicchio Alfonso , Florent Marc , Attia Mohamed F. , Whitehead Daniel C. , Jagiello Jacek , Bandosz Teresa J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNew composites consisting of 2% cellulose nanocrystals (NC) of various surface chemistries (i.e., carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, and amines) incorporated into UiO‐66 are synthesized. Nanocellulose and the composites are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 and CO2 adsorption, and thermogravimetric analysis. The analyses reveal information about the crystallinity, pore structure, and thermal stability of the composites. The results show a marked development of microporosity (≈30%), which is linked mainly to the formation of a NC/UiO‐66 interface, to disturbances in the UiO‐66 nucleation process, and to missing cluster defects. The latter is related to the geometrical constraints of metal–organic framework (MOF) crystallization around the NC nuclei. Pore size distributions do not depend markedly on the chemistry of NC. While pores in the composites with sizes <0.5 nm are associated with the involvement of NC functional groups in the formation of MOF units, the pores with sizes >1.1 nm have their origin likely in missing linkers and missing clusters. Moreover, the surface chemistry of NC and that of the interface affects the amount of CO2 adsorbed and the strength of adsorption.
Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed α‐Regioselective Conjugate Addition of Allyl Groups to Activated Alkenes
Authors: Gontala Arjun , Woo Sang Kook 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe α‐regioselective conjugate addition of allyl groups to activated alkenes is a poorly explored area of research. Herein, we report an α‐adduct and (E)‐isomer selective conjugate addition of allylsilanes to activated alkenes by visible‐light photoredox catalysis. The reaction involves allylic radicals that can be generated from allylsilanes through a photoinduced single‐electron transfer mechanism.magnified image
Visible‐Light Induced C(sp3)−H Functionalization for the Formation of C−N Bonds under Metal Catalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Chen Jin‐Yang , Wu Wenfeng , Li Qiang , Wei Wen‐Ting 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe construction of C−N bonds is a central tenet of modern synthetic chemistry as it widely exists in bioactive molecules, natural products, and functional materials. Visible‐light induced strategies can serve as particularly powerful tools for achieving C−N bond formation. This mini review summarizes the recent advancements in the transformation of C(sp3)−H bonds into C−N bonds via photocatalysis under metal catalyst‐free conditions. These reactions generally occur in the presence of abundant and clean visible‐light at ambient temperature without the use of metal catalysts, which undoubtedly represents a future trend in green and sustainable chemistry. The main achievements in this area from 2015 until the present are described	according to the type of nitrogen sources and emphasis is placed on the working mechanisms.magnified image
Machine‐Learning Clustering Technique Applied to Powder X‐Ray Diffraction Patterns to Distinguish Compositions of ThMn12‐Type Alloys
Authors: Utimula Keishu , Hunkao Rutchapon , Yano Masao , Kimoto Hiroyuki , Hongo Kenta , Kawaguchi Shogo , Suwanna Sujin , Maezono Ryo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA clustering technique is applied using dynamic‐time‐wrapping (DTW) analysis to X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum patterns in order to identify the microscopic structures of substituents introduced into the main phase of magnetic alloys. The clustering technique is found to perform well, identifying the concentrations of the substituents with success rates of ≈90%. This level of performance is attributed to the capability of DTW processing to filter out irrelevant information such as the peak intensities (due to the uncontrollability of diffraction conditions in polycrystalline samples) and the uniform shift of peak positions (due to the thermal expansion of lattices). The established framework is not limited to the system treated in this work, but is widely applicable to systems the properties of which are to be tuned by atomic substitutions within a phase. The framework has a broader potential to predict properties such as magnetic moments, optical spectra etc.) from observed XRD patterns, by predicting such properties evaluated from predicted microscopic local structure.
On the Origin of the Ideality Factor in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Caprioglio Pietro , Wolff Christian M. , Sandberg Oskar J. , Armin Ardalan , Rech Bernd , Albrecht Steve , Neher Dieter , Stolterfoht Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe measurement of the ideality factor (nid) is a popular tool to infer the dominant recombination type in perovskite solar cells (PSC). However, the true meaning of its values is often misinterpreted in complex multilayered devices such as PSC. In this work, the effects of bulk and interface recombination on the nid are investigated experimentally and theoretically. By coupling intensity‐dependent quasi‐Fermi level splitting measurements with drift diffusion simulations of complete devices and partial cell stacks, it is shown that interfacial recombination leads to a lower nid compared to Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination in the bulk. As such, the strongest recombination channel determines the nid of the complete cell. An analytical approach is used to rationalize that nid values between 1 and 2 can originate exclusively from a single recombination process. By expanding the study over a wide range of the interfacial energy offsets and interfacial recombination velocities, it is shown that an ideality factor of nearly 1 is usually indicative of strong first‐order non‐radiative interface recombination and that it correlates with a lower device performance. It is only when interface recombination is largely suppressed and bulk SRH recombination dominates that a small nid is again desirable.
Heteroatom Doping: An Effective Way to Boost Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Li Yu , Chen Minghua , Liu Bo , Zhang Yan , Liang Xinqi , Xia Xinhui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn response to the change of energy landscape, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are becoming one of the most promising power sources for the post‐lithium‐ion battery (LIB) era due to the cheap and abundant nature of sodium, and similar electrochemical properties to LIBs. The electrochemical performance of electrode materials for SIBs is closely bound up with their crystal structures and intrinsic electronic/ionic states. Apart from nanoscale design and conductive composite strategies, heteroatom doping is another effective way to enhance the intrinsic transfer characteristics of sodium ions and electrons in crystal structures to accelerate reaction kinetics and thereby achieve high performance. In this review, the recent advancements in heteroatom doping for sodium ion storage of electrode materials are reviewed. Specifically, different doping strategies including nonmetal element doping (e.g., nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, boron, fluorine), metal element doping (magnesium, titanium, iron, aluminum, nickel, copper, etc.), and dual/triple doping (such as N–S, N–P, N–S–P) are reviewed and summarized in detail. Furthermore, various doping methods are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The doping effect on crystal structure and intrinsic electronic/ionic state are illustrated and the relationship with capacity and energy/power density is interrogated. Finally, future development trends in doping strategies for advanced SIBs electrodes are analyzed.