bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Modes and Superposed Mode Behavior for Flexible Pavement Layer System
Authors: Ismail Norfarah Nadia , Yusoff Nur Izzi Md , Azahar Wan Nur Aifa Wan , Ramli Ahmad Bukhari , Husain Nadiah Md , Kassim Norhidayu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the study of modes behavior in pavement layer system using Common Array Profiling Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (CAP-SASW) testing method. Method for evaluation and testing the materials at pavement sites are traditionally destructive. The utilization of non-destructive method such as CAP-SASW is a very useful advantage, however deeper study on its mode behavior for pavement layer is not proven. Comparing both theoretical and experimental generated modes, this paper aims to provide precise configuration measurement in sampling pavement materials besides understanding its modes behavior.
Effect of Hinge Properties on Nonlinear Analysis of Eccentrically Steel Braced Frames
Authors: Apritasari Dwinita , Rastandi Josia Irwan , Orientilize M , Sentosa B O B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) is one of seismic resistance of steel structures. Dissipation of seismic energies is designed by allowing plastic hinges to form in link element. Design of link elements allow plastic hinge to form due to shear or flexural failure. Structural analysis using finite element software require shear plastic hinges to be modelled. It is found that hinge properties proposed by two references, FEMA 356 and Richards & Uang are different. Study of effect of hinge properties on non-linier analysis of EBF was performed. The research is limited to hinge properties of shear link of EBFs. Numerical study was conducted on one and three storey of EBFs in two and three dimensional geometric of EBFs. Two different hinge properties from FEMA 356 and Richard-Uang were compared each other. Results show that hinge properties affect the structural response. It is found that EBFs modelled by hinge properties according to Richards-Uang has close result to experimental result than modelled built by FEMA 356. The difference between FEMA 356 and Richard-Uang to experiment are 34,54% and 15,55%, respectively.
A Multifunctional Ankle Foot Orthosis Utilizing a Magnetorheological Actuator
Authors: Zhou Y , Liu L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The intelligent material, so-called magnetorheological (MR) fluid, is used in the design of an ankle foot orthosis. This paper presents the configuration of a multifunctional ankle foot orthosis that is equipped with a novel MR actuator. At first, the structure of the orthosis is introduced. Then, according to the mounting position of the actuator, the MR actuator is conceived by designing the structure and magnetic circuit. The actuator has three working modes, assistant, resistant and free modes. Finally, the manual power consumptions of two conditions, gait with and without the orthosis, are investigated; electricity consumptions of two cases, orthosis with and without the MR actuator, are compared.
Distributed Electric System Control Strategy Optimization
Authors: Chen Chunping , Wang Jie , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
With the increasing energy crisis and environmental pollution, this paper concentrates on the energy management and power control of DC microgrid due to its advantage in the utilization of renewable energy resources (RES). However, the traditional centralized control relies heavily on communication since the distribution of most RES is scattered, and the communication failures may cause serious control error, therefore, a distributed and cooperative control strategy without communication is proposed for DC microgrid in this paper. The proposed strategy not only maintains the bus voltage and power balance in a cooperative way through the regulation of each micro-sources, but also solves theunbalance problem between ESUs, meanwhile, this method is suitable for DC microgrid with multiple PVs and ESUs since the communication is not necessary, which is benefit for the plug and in of micro-sources. Finally, some simulation models are built on Matlab/Simulink platform, and the performance of suggested solution is verified through a set of simulation experiments, the result turns out to be good and confirms our expectation.
Analysis of Contact Stress and Vibration of Rolling Element Bearing
Authors: Adman Amirul Akil , Yusof Nurul Farhana Mohd 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The initial surface and operating condition of rolling element bearing are very important as this may reduce or extend the lifetime of the bearings. Bearing condition monitoring is one of the most used method to evaluate the bearing performance. In this study, the vibration level and surface deformation produced by different contact stress condition is investigated. The experiment is carried out using rolling contact rig and the roller samples are fabricated to produce line contact similar to the roller bearing. The rollers are made from four different materials to produce different contact characteristics. The finding shows that the contact stresses affect the vibration level and the surface deformation of the rolling contact.
Coastal Sediment Transport Study along Shoreline by using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Zawawi M H , Azman Aqil , Radzi M R M , Abas Aizat , Aziz Nurhanani A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sediment transport typically due to combination of gravity acting on the sediment, and/or the movement of the fluid in which the sediment is entrained. This paper gives an exposure simulation of three-dimensional (3D) sediment transports by using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) at coastal area. The SPH formulation from Monaghan constructed in the code is modified according to the desired model to be solved. The code is then computed by using single Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) with 14 cores multiprocessors. The behavior of sediment transport is investigated in this research based on Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou (HBP) model. A constant sinewave of 0.5sin(0.5πt) is applied to the fluid domain to create sea wave effect that will cause sediment transport. The results show that the goal to get sediment transport is achieved and for the further study, the rate of erosion and accretion can be determined to give more meaningful and valuable to the result.
Effect of Gd3+ substitution on proton relaxation and magnetic hyperthermia efficiency of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: D Jaison , E Meher Abhinav , Gangwar Asnit , Nand Kishore Prasad , Chandrasekaran Gopalakrishnan , M Mothilal 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, Gadolinium substituted Cobalt Ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2-xGdxO4, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) were prepared via hydrothermal route using triethylamine as reducing agent at 180°C for 12 h. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the single phase cubic spinel structure for both Cobalt ferrite (CF) and Gadolinium substituted Cobalt Ferrite (CFG) nanoparticles (x ≤ 0.24). An increase in the Specific absorption rate (SAR) was observed with increase in Gd concentration. Further with increase in the molar concentration (x > 0.24), gadolinium hydroxide was observed as the secondary phase, which was also confirmed by the Gd–O stretching vibrations observed in Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy. The evolution of Gadolinium hydroxide showed a strong influence in the relaxivity (r
1) and hyperthermia potential. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that CF and CFG (x ≤ 0.24) nanoparticles were spherical in nature with particle size ranging from 10 to 25 nm, whereas the particle size increases above 30 nm for CFG (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) nanoparticles along with the presence of columnar shaped particles. Magnetic measurements confirmed the pseudo single domain, ferri-magnetic nature of CF and CFG nanoparticles. The magnetization data revealed a change in direction of magnetization towards easy axis with increasing Gd concentration. The orientation of magnetization direction towards easy axis had induced change in the hyperthermia potential. Proton relaxation studies of CF and CFG nanoparticles revealed that there is a strong interaction between the relaxivities r
1 and r
2. The specific absorption rate of CF and CFG nanoparticles were observed to be in the range from 91.49 W g−1 to 232.17 W g−1 at applied Hf of 4.19 × 109 Am−1 s−1.
Application of sonication in improving the Cu(II) adsorptivity and recycling performanc of activated carbon fibers
Authors: Yu Liyuan , Yu Junwei , Zhu Bo , Cheng Yuan , Shang Mingpeng , Zhang Min 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In order to enhance the adsorptivity of viscose-based activated carbon fibers (VACFs) for low-concentration Cu(II), sonication-assisted zinc chloride reactivation process and sonication-assisted-pickling regeneration process were studied in this research. This study aims to prepare a modified VACFs with high Cu(II) adsorptivity and recycling performance at the same time. As 10 wt% ZnCl2 used as activator, specific surface area, micropore volume and mesopore volume of VACFs increase by 59.33%, 37.35% and 813.87% respectively, besides, the Cu(II) adsorptivity was improved by 2.04 times through the reactivation process. Based on the sonication-assisted-pickling regeneration process, the regeneration rate was changed from 96.85% to 107.81% during 1–5 recycling times.
Inhomogeneous driving in quantum annealers can result in orders-of-magnitude improvements in performance
Authors: Adame Juan I , McMahon Peter L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Quantum annealers are special-purpose quantum computers that primarily target solving Ising optimization problems. Theoretical work has predicted that the probability of a quantum annealer ending in a ground state can be dramatically improved if the spin driving terms, which play a crucial role in the functioning of a quantum annealer, have different strengths for different spins; that is, they are inhomogeneous. In this paper we describe a time-shift-based protocol for inhomogeneous driving and demonstrate, using an experimental quantum annealer, the performance of our protocol on a range of hard Ising problems that have been well-studied in the literature. Compared to the homogeneous-driving case, we find that we are able to improve the probability of finding a ground state by up to 107× for Weak–Strong–Cluster problem instances, and by up to 103× for more general spin-glass problem instances. In addition to being of practical interest as a heuristic speedup method, inhomogeneous driving may also serve as a useful tool for investigations into the physics of experimental quantum annealers.
Graphene, other carbon nanomaterials and the immune system: toward nanoimmunity-by-design
Authors: Gazzi Arianna , Fusco Laura , Orecchioni Marco , Ferrari Silvia , Franzoni Giulia , Yan J Stephen , Rieckher Matthias , Peng Guotao , Lucherelli Matteo Andrea , Vacchi Isabella Anna , Chau Ngoc Do Quyen , Criado Alejandro , Istif Akcan , Mancino Donato , Dominguez Antonio , Eckert Hagen , Vázquez Ester , Ros Tatiana Da , Nicolussi Paola , Palermo Vincenzo , Schumacher Björn , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Mai Yiyong , Clementi Cecilia , Pasquali Matteo , Feng Xinliang , Kostarelos Kostas , Yilmazer Acelya , Bedognetti Davide , Fadeel Bengt , Prato Maurizio , Bianco Alberto , Delogu Lucia Gemma 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Carbon-based materials (CBMs), such as graphene, nanodiamonds, carbon fibers, and carbon dots, have attracted a great deal scientific attention due to their potential as biomedical tools. Following exposure, particularly intravenous injection, these nanomaterials can be recognized by immune cells. Such interactions could be modulated by the different physicochemical properties of the materials (e.g. structure, size, and chemical functions), by either stimulating or suppressing the immune response. However, a harmonized cutting-edge approach for the classification of these materials based not only on their physicochemical parameters but also their immune properties has been missing. The European Commission-funded G-IMMUNOMICS and CARBO-IMmap projects aimed to fill this gap, developing a functional pipeline for the qualitative and quantitative immune characterization of graphene, graphene-related materials (GRMs), and other CBMs. The goal was to open breakthrough perspectives for the definition of the immune profiles of these materials. Here, we summarize our methodological approach, key results, and the necessary multidisciplinary expertise ranging across various fields, from material chemistry to engineering, immunology, toxicology, and systems biology. G-IMMUNOMICS, as a partnering project of the Graphene Flagship, the largest scientific research initiative on graphene worldwide, also complemented the studies performed in the Flagship on health and environmental impact of GRMs. Finally, we present the nanoimmunity-by-design concept, developed within the projects, which can be readily applied to other 2D materials. Overall, the G-IMMUNOMICS and CARBO-IMmap projects have provided new insights on the immune impact of GRMs and CBMs, thus laying the foundation for their safe use and future translation in medicine.
The Virtue of Aesthetic Courage
Authors: Wilson Alan T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Theorists have recently been exploring the prospects for a virtue-centred approach to aesthetics. Virtue aesthetics encourages a re-focusing of philosophical attention onto the aesthetic character traits of agents, in the same way that virtue ethics and virtue epistemology have encouraged us to focus on moral and intellectual traits. In this paper, I aim to contribute to the development of virtue aesthetics by discussing aesthetic courage, the aesthetic analogue of one of the most widely acknowledged moral virtues. In addition to proposing an account of the nature of this trait, I also argue that aesthetic courage is vital for any sort of aesthetically virtuous life. It is not possible to possess any aesthetic virtue without possessing aesthetic courage. It is important, therefore, for any future development of virtue aesthetics to acknowledge the central importance of aesthetic courage.
Estimation of maize plant height and leaf area index dynamics using an unmanned aerial vehicle with oblique and nadir photography
Authors: Che Yingpu , Wang Qing , Xie Ziwen , Zhou Long , Li Shuangwei , Hui Fang , Wang Xiqing , Li Baoguo , Ma Yuntao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
High-throughput phenotyping is a limitation in plant genetics and breeding due to large-scale experiments in the field. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can help to extract plant phenotypic traits rapidly and non-destructively with high efficiency. The general aim of this study is to estimate the dynamic plant height and leaf area index (LAI) by nadir and oblique photography with a UAV, and to compare the integrity of the established three-dimensional (3-D) canopy by these two methods.

Methods
Images were captured by a high-resolution digital RGB camera mounted on a UAV at five stages with nadir and oblique photography, and processed by Agisoft Metashape to generate point clouds, orthomosaic maps and digital surface models. Individual plots were segmented according to their positions in the experimental design layout. The plant height of each inbred line was calculated automatically by a reference ground method. The LAI was calculated by the 3-D voxel method. The reconstructed canopy was sliced into different layers to compare leaf area density obtained from oblique and nadir photography.

Key Results
Good agreements were found for plant height between nadir photography, oblique photography and manual measurement during the whole growing season. The estimated LAI by oblique photography correlated better with measured LAI (slope = 0.87, R2 = 0.67), compared with that of nadir photography (slope = 0.74, R2 = 0.56). The total number of point clouds obtained by oblique photography was about 2.7–3.1 times than those by nadir photography. Leaf area density calculated by nadir photography was much less than that obtained by oblique photography, especially near the plant base.

Conclusions
Plant height and LAI can be extracted automatically and efficiently by both photography methods. Oblique photography can provide intensive point clouds and relatively complete canopy information at low cost. The reconstructed 3-D profile of the plant canopy can be easily recognized by oblique photography.
Prostate cancer early diagnosis: circulating microRNA pairs potentially beyond single microRNAs upon 1231 serum samples
Authors: Liu Hua-Ping , Lai Hung-Ming , Guo Zheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The accuracy of prostate-specific antigen or clinical examination in prostate cancer (PCa) screening is in question, and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can be alternatives to PCa diagnosis. However, recent circulating miRNA biomarkers either are identified upon small sample sizes or cannot have robust diagnostic performance in every aspect of performance indicators. These may decrease applicability of potential biomarkers for the early detection of PCa. We reviewed recent studies on blood-derived miRNAs for prostate cancer diagnosis and carried out a large case study to understand whether circulating miRNA pairs, rather than single circulating miRNAs, could contribute to a more robust diagnostic model to significantly improve PCa diagnosis. We used 1231 high-throughput miRNA-profiled serum samples from two cohorts to design and verify a model based on class separability miRNA pairs (cs-miRPs). The pairwise model was composed of five circulating miRNAs coupled to miR-5100 and miR-1290 (i.e. five miRNA pairs, 5-cs-miRPs), reaching approximately 99% diagnostic performance in almost all indicators (sensitivity = 98.96%, specificity = 100%, accuracy = 99.17%, PPV = 100%, NPV = 96.15%) shown by a test set (n = 484: PCa = 384, negative prostate biopsies = 100). The nearly 99% diagnostic performance was also verified by an additional validation set (n = 140: PCa = 40, healthy controls = 100). Overall, the 5-cs-miRP model had 1 false positive and 7 false negatives among the 1231 serum samples and was superior to a recent 2-miRNA model (so far the best for PCa diagnosis) with 18 false positives and 80 false negatives. The present large case study demonstrated that circulating miRNA pairs could potentially bring more benefits to PCa early diagnosis for clinical practice.
BioPAX-Parser: parsing and enrichment analysis of BioPAX pathways
Authors: Agapito Giuseppe , Pastrello Chiara , Guzzi Pietro Hiram , Jurisica Igor , Cannataro Mario 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Summary
Biological pathways are fundamental for learning about healthy and disease states. Many existing formats support automatic software analysis of biological pathways, e.g. BioPAX (Biological Pathway Exchange). Although some algorithms are available as web application or stand-alone tools, no general graphical application for the parsing of BioPAX pathway data exists. Also, very few tools can perform pathway enrichment analysis (PEA) using pathway encoded in the BioPAX format. To fill this gap, we introduce BiP (BioPAX-Parser), an automatic and graphical software tool aimed at performing the parsing and accessing of BioPAX pathway data, along with PEA by using information coming from pathways encoded in BioPAX.

Availability and implementation
BiP is freely available for academic and non-profit organizations at https://gitlab.com/giuseppeagapito/bip under the LGPL 2.1, the GNU Lesser General Public License.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Genomic identification of intergeneric hybrids in New World wood-warblers (Aves: Parulidae)
Authors: Toews David P L , Kramer Gunnar R , Jones Andrew W , Brennan Courtney L , Cloud Benjamin E , Andersen David E , Lovette Irby J , Streby Henry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe documentation of hybrids between distantly related taxa can illustrate an initial step to explain how genes might move between species that do not exhibit complete reproductive isolation. In birds, some of the most phylogenetically distant hybrid combinations occur between genera. Traditionally, morphological and plumage characters have been used to assign the identity of the parental species of a putative hybrid, although recently, nuclear introns also have been used. Here, we demonstrate how high-throughput short-read DNA sequence data can be used to identify the parentage of a putative intergeneric hybrid, in this case between a blue-winged warbler (Vermivora cyanoptera) and a cerulean warbler (Setophaga cerulea). This hybrid had mitochondrial DNA of a cerulean warbler, indicating the maternal parent. For hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms within six regions of the nuclear genome that differentiate blue-winged warblers and golden-winged warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera), the hybrid had roughly equal ancestry assignment to blue-winged and cerulean warblers, suggesting a blue-winged warbler as the paternal parent species and demonstrating that this was a first generation (F1) hybrid between these species. Unlike other recently characterized intergeneric warbler hybrids, this individual hybrid learned to song match its maternal parent species, suggesting that it might have been the result of an extra-pair mating and raised in a cerulean warbler nest.
Functional regression on the manifold with contamination
Authors: Lin Zhenhua , Yao Fang 
Published: May 2020

Summary
We propose a new method for functional nonparametric regression with a predictor that resides on a finite-dimensional manifold, but is observable only in an infinite-dimensional space. Contamination of the predictor due to discrete or noisy measurements is also accounted for. By using functional local linear manifold smoothing, the proposed estimator enjoys a polynomial rate of convergence that adapts to the intrinsic manifold dimension and the contamination level. This is in contrast to the logarithmic convergence rate in the literature of functional nonparametric regression. We also observe a phase transition phenomenon related to the interplay between the manifold dimension and the contamination level. We demonstrate via simulated and real data examples that the proposed method has favourable numerical performance relative to existing commonly used methods.
Genome size variation and endopolyploidy in the diverse succulent plant family Aizoaceae
Authors: Powell Robyn F , Pulido Suarez Laura , Magee Anthony R , Boatwright James S , Kapralov Maxim V , Young Andrew J 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAizoaceae are one of the most diverse succulent plant families in the world, with c. 2 400 species, and they are a major component of the Greater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. Despite this diversity, genome size (GS) has only been recorded in three of the c. 144 genera of Aizoaceae. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of GS in the family with 109 genera measured (76% of genera). GS (2C) is conserved in Aizoaceae, varying from 0.54 to 6.34 pg (0.53–6.20 Gbp), with a mean of 2.6 pg. No significant differences between GS and the ecological and environmental traits tested were recovered. Infrageneric GS was explored in the most diverse stoneplant genus, Conophytum, and was found to be extremely conserved [0.98–2.24 pg (1C)]. Furthermore, the extent of endoreduplication in Conophytum was determined across 46 species. Leaf and flower tissues of Conophytum are highly polysomatic and ploidy states of 2C–64C were typically observed across the genus, with some instances of 128C. The relatively conserved and small GS measured across Aizoaceae and in Conophytum is possibly linked to the recent and rapid radiation of the family.