bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Volatile Reducing Substances as an Indicator of Decomposition for Raw and Processed Foods
Authors: Moorhouse Barbara R , Salwin Harold 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Volatile reducing substances (VRS) in foods were determined by an empirical procedure in which volatiles are stripped by aeration from an aqueous extract of a sample, passed through alkaline potassium permanganate, and measured by the extent of permanganate reduction. Experimental parameters were investigated as a step toward developing a standardized procedure. Dilute methanol was investigated as a reference solution, the equipment described in published procedures was simplified, and some operating conditions were controlled. The amount of permanganate reduction increased with length of aeration, but variations in aeration rate from 1360 to 1790 ml/min were not critical. The method was applied to ground beef, shrimp, and peaches. The raw food materials were stored at ice or refrigeration temperatures until they reached a decomposed state. Samples withdrawn at intervals during storage were processed and preserved by freezing or by freeze-drying. The content of VRS in raw samples increased as the foods decomposed. The VRS were partly lost during cooking and completely lost during freeze-drying. Therefore, the VRS content appears to have promise as an index of decomposition for a variety of raw foods and possibly for some cooked foods, but not for foods that have been freeze-dried.
Chromatographic Separation and Fluorometric Analysis of Cocci diostat Nequinate (Statyl®) in Feed Mixtures
Authors: Krol George J , Nash Norris G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nequinate is separated from the constituents of feed extracts by partition column chromatography utilizing Sephadex LH-20. The isolated fraction containing the drug is analyzed by a fluorometric procedure. The sensitivity of the fluorometric determination is enhanced 50-fold by the addition of methanesulfonic acid. Structurally related coccidiostats or other drugs currently used in feed mixtures do not interfere.
Fatty Acid Composition of Crude and Refined Cottonseed Oils
Authors: Iverson John L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The fatty acid composition of 20 cottonseed oils was determined by isothermal GLC analysis of the total esters. A urea fractionation procedure, combined with modified programmed temperature GLC, was used to detect esters present in trace amounts (0.001–0.1%) in four refined and three crude oils. The odd a n d even chain length saturated acids from C8 to C26 were present. Mono-unsaturated acids from C15 to C20 were also detected. The crude and refined oils did not differ markedly in their fatty acid composition. The presence of malvalic and sterculic acids and the possible presence of shorter and longer chain length cyclopropenoid acids with their interfering GLC peaks make it impossible to detect and quantitatively estimate the branched and multiple branched acids.
Chemical Composition of Florida Orange Juice
Authors: Floyd Kermit M , Rogers Grayson R , Harrell Jimmy E , Wilkes Perry S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Authentic samples of Florida orange juice were analyzed for soluble solids, acidity, amino acids, polyphenolics, l-malic acid, and betaine. Samples were collected from various processing plants from December 1967 through May 1968. Authentic data and a statistical study are presented.
Constituents of Opoponax Oil: Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons
Authors: Wenninger John A , Yates Ronald L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons of opoponax oil were studied, using a combination of separat i on techniques which included column chromatography on alumina, silver nitrate adduction, and gas chromatography. Compounds isolated were identified by IR and NMR spectroscopy. Eighteen sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified as follows: Δ-elemene, α-cubebene, α-copaene, cis-α-bergamotene, β-elemene, α-santalene, trans-α-bergamotene, caryophyllene, γ-elemene, epi-β-santalene, β-santalene, humulene, γ-muurolene, trans-α-bisabolene, β-bisabolene, ar-curcumene, Δ-cadinene, and γ-cadinene. The major products obtained when hydrocarbons are regenerated from bisabolene trihydrochloride, using sodium acetate and acetic acid as reagents, were also characterized and identified as cis-α-bisabolene and β-bisabolene.
Determination of Dicyclohexylamine in Cyclamates
Authors: Howard John W , Fazio Thomas , Williams Barbara K , White Richard H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Dicyclohexylamine can be extracted from sodium and calcium cyclamates by liquidliquid extraction, using water, carbon tetrachloride, and hexane. Final analysis is by GLC with a flame ionization detector. Recoveries of dicyclohexylamine added to the cyclamate salts at levels of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm ranged from 90–99%. Dicyclohexylamine was isolated from three of the seven lots of sodium and calcium cyclamates analyzed at concentrations of 2.0, 2.5, and 10.8 ppm. The presence of dicyclohexylamine was confirmed by IR spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry.
Derivatization of Dieldrin and Endrin for Confirmation of Residue Identity
Authors: Wiencke Winfred W , Burke Jerry A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Dieldrin and endrin are converted to characteristic derivatives by treatment with ZnCl2 and HCI as a means of confirming residue identity. The derivatives are separated from each other and from the parent compounds by GLC. Elution order of the derivatives on a 15% QF-1/10% DC-200 GLC column is the reverse of that obtained on a 10% DC-200 column. Derivatives can be formed at levels as low as 0.1 p pm in fats and 0.01 p pm in nonfats. The procedure requires about 15 min and is directly applicable to samples prepared according to the Food and Drug Administration’s multiresidue methodology.
The impact of the 30 most cited articles on hip arthroscopy: what is the subject matter?
Authors: von Glinski Alexander , Yilmaz Emre , Goodmanson Ryan , Pierre Clifford , Frieler Sven , Shaffer Andre , Ishak Basem , Lee Cara Beth , Mayo Keith 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the 30 most cited articles on hip arthroscopy and discuss their influence on recent surgical treatment. Due to advancements in hip arthroscopy, there is a widening spectrum of diagnostic and treatment indications. The purpose of this study was to identify the 30 most cited articles on hip arthroscopy and discuss their influence on contemporary surgical treatment. The Thomson Reuters Web of Science was used to identify the 30 most cited studies on hip arthroscopy between 1900 and 2018. These 30 articles generated 6152 citations with an average of 205.07 citations per item. Number of citations ranged from 146 to 461. Twenty-five out of the 30 papers were clinical cohort studies with a level of evidence between III and IV, encompassing 4348 patients. Four studies were reviewed (one including a technical note) and one a case report. We were able to identify the 30 most cited articles in the field of hip arthroscopy. Most articles were reported in high-impact journals, but reported small sample sizes in a retrospective setting. Prospective multi-arm cohort trials or randomized clinical trials represent opportunities for future studies.
Impact of radiological morphology of clinical T1 renal cell carcinoma on the prediction of upstaging to pathological T3
Authors: Teishima Jun , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Kitano Hiroyuki , Sadahide Kousuke , Sekino Yohei , Goto Keisuke , Inoue Shogo , Honda Yukiko , Sentani Kazuhiro , Awai Kazuo , Yasui Wataru , Matsubara Akio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have reported that cases with clinical T1 renal cell cancer upstaging to pathological T3 are a risk factor to predicting postoperative recurrence after partial nephrectomy. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of the radiological morphology of the enhanced CT scan of clinical T1 renal cell cancer on predicting upstaging to pathological T3.MethodsThree hundred sixty-seven cases with clinical T1 renal cell cancer diagnosed from enhanced CT scans were enrolled in this study. Based on the findings from the enhanced CT scan, the cases were classified into ‘round’, the margins of which were smooth and round; ‘lobular’, one or more findings of smooth dent and no spiky dent were identified on the margin of the tumor; and ‘irregular’, one or more spiky dent were identified on the margin of the tumor. The association of postoperative upstaging with these radiological morphology and other clinical characteristics of each case was analyzed.ResultsEighteen cases (4.9%) pathologically upstaged to T3a. Two round case (0.7%), 3 lobular cases (10.0%) and 13 irregular cases (22.0%) pathologically upstaged (P &lt; 0.001, round + lobular versus irregular). Four of 17 cases (23.5%) with hilar tumors pathologically upstaged, while 14 of 350 cases (4%) with tumors pathologically upstaged in other sites (P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that irregular case was an independent factor in predicting upstaging to pathological T3a (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsEvaluation of the radiological morphology of clinical T1 renal cell cancer based on enhanced CT scans is useful for predicting pathological upstaging.
Assessing the Current Generation of Tourniquets
Authors: Katsnelson Shimon , Oppenheimer Jessie , Gerrasi Rafi , Furer Ariel , Wagnert-Avraham Linn , Eisenkraft Arik , Nachman Dean 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionTourniquet application is an urgent life-saving procedure. Previous studies demonstrated several drawbacks in tourniquet design and application methods that limit their efficacy; among them, loose application of the device before windlass twisting is a main pitfall. A new generation of modern combat tourniquets was developed to overcome these pitfalls. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of three new tourniquet designs: the CAT Generation 7 (CAT7), the SAM Extremity Tourniquet (SAM-XT), and the SOF Tactical Tourniquet Wide (SOFTT-W) as well as its correlation to the degree of slack.Materials and MethodsThe three tourniquet models were applied in a randomized sequence on a HapMed leg tourniquet trainer, simulating an above-the-knee traumatic amputation by 60 military medicine track cadets. Applied pressure, hemorrhage control status, time until the bleeding stopped, estimated blood volume loss, and slack were measured.ResultsThe mean (±SD) pressure applied using the SAM-XT (186 mmHg ±63) or the CAT7 (175 mmHg ±79) was significantly higher compared to the pressure applied by the SOFTT-W (104 mmHg ±101, P &lt; 0.017), with no significant difference between the first two (P &gt; 0.05). Hemorrhage control rate was similar (P &gt; 0.05) with SAM-XT (73.3%) and CAT7 (67.7%), and both were significantly better than the SOFTT-W (35%, P &lt; 0.017). Slack was similar between CAT7 and SAM-XT (5.2 mm ± 3.4 vs. 5 mm ± 3.5, P &gt; 0.05), yet significantly lower compared to the SOFTT-W (9 mm ± 5, P &lt; 0.017). A strong negative correlation was found between slack and hemorrhage control rate (3.2 mm ± 1.5 mm in success vs. 10.5 mm ± 3.4 mm in failure, P &lt; 0.001) and applied pressure (Pearson’s correlation coefficient of −0.83, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsBoth SAM-XT and CAT7 demonstrated a better pressure profile and hemorrhage control rate compared to SOFTT-W, with no significant difference between the two. The better outcome measures were strongly correlated to less slack.
A broad-host-range event detector: expanding and quantifying performance between Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas species
Authors: Khan Nymul , Yeung Enoch , Farris Yuliya , Fansler Sarah J , Bernstein Hans C 
Published: February 2020

AbstractModern microbial biodesign relies on the principle that well-characterized genetic parts can be reused and reconfigured for different functions. However, this paradigm has only been successful in a limited set of hosts, mostly comprised from common lab strains of Escherichia coli. It is clear that new applications such as chemical sensing and event logging in complex environments will benefit from new host chassis. This study quantitatively compared how the same chemical event logger performed across four strains and three different microbial species. An integrase-based sensor and memory device was operated by two representative soil Pseudomonads—Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 and Pseudomonas putida DSM 291. Quantitative comparisons were made between these two non-traditional hosts and two benchmark E. coli chassis including the probiotic Nissle 1917 and common cloning strain DH5α. The performance of sensor and memory components changed according to each host, such that a clear chassis effect was observed and quantified. These results were obtained via fluorescence from reporter proteins that were transcriptionally fused to the integrase and downstream recombinant region and via data-driven kinetic models. The Pseudomonads proved to be acceptable chassis for the operation of this event logger, which outperformed the common E. coli DH5α in many ways. This study advances an emerging frontier in synthetic biology that aims to build broad-host-range devices and understand the context by which different species can execute programmable genetic operations.
Prediction of Serum-Free and Cerebrospinal Fluid Valproic Acid Levels in Patients With Hypoalbuminemia After Craniotomy
Authors: Li Zhihong , Gao Weiqi , Liu Guifen , Chen Weihong 
Published: February 2020

Background:
In patients with hypoalbuminemia after craniotomy, total serum concentrations of valproic acid (VPA) may provide poor clinical insights, owing to saturated protein binding and increased unbound fractions. However, very few clinical laboratories routinely analyze free concentrations of the drug. The aim of this study was to develop a model to predict serum-free and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of VPA based on its total concentration and to investigate the model's applicability.

Methods:
Total serum and CSF concentrations of VPA in 79 patients were measured using a validated immunoassay between January 2015 and December 2015. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory information of patients were retrieved from medical records. A multiple linear regression analysis was adopted to determine the potential variations and establish the functional relationship between CSF concentration and significant clinical factors.

Results:
Based on the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis performed using the natural logarithm of the concentration of VPA in the CSF as the dependent variable, serum concentrations of VPA (X1, β' = 0.844), serum albumin concentration (X2, β' = −0.393), and CSF protein concentration (X3, β' = 0.098) were identified as the 3 variables that significantly predicted the dependent variable:

JOURNAL/thdm/04.03/00007691-202008000-00014/inline-formula1/v/2023-08-14T203553Z/r/image-tiff

, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.874. As the CSF protein level is often unavailable, the model was redefined to include 2 variables—serum concentrations of VPA (X1, β' = 0.840) and serum albumin concentration (X2, β' = −0.359):

JOURNAL/thdm/04.03/00007691-202008000-00014/inline-formula2/v/2023-08-14T203553Z/r/image-tiff

, with R2 = 0.813.

Conclusions:
Based on total VPA and serum albumin concentrations, we developed a model to predict serum-free and CSF levels of VPA. This model is useful for correcting dose adjustment in patients with hypoalbuminemia after craniotomy.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF DIFFERENT SUBTYPES OF NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION DURING AFLIBERCEPT TREATMENT
Authors: Rezar-Dreindl Sandra , Eibenberger Katharina , Buehl Wolf , Maccora Katia , Waldstein Sebastian , Baratsits Magdalena , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Sacu Stefan 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To prospectively evaluate the outcomes of different subtypes of neovascular age-related macular degeneration during intravitreal aflibercept monotherapy.

Methods:
Forty-four eyes of 44 patients with treatment-naïve polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV, n = 12), hemorrhagic choroidal neovascularization (hCNV, n = 12), pigment epithelium detachment (PED, n = 11), or retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP, n = 9) were included and followed for 12 months. All patients received intravitreal aflibercept monotherapy.

Results:
Mean visual acuity at baseline in PCV was 67 ± 16 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters (20/50 Snellen equivalent), in hCNV 55 ± 21 (20/80), in RAP lesions 64 ± 11 (20/50), and in PED 74 ± 7 (20/32). At Month 12, visual acuity in PCV was 66 ± 16 (20/50), in hCNV 69 ± 17 (20/40), in RAP 68 ± 12 (20/50), and in PED 69 ± 18 (20/40). At the 12-month follow-up, visual acuity improved or was stable (±5 letters from baseline) in 84% of eyes (37/44 patients), with hCNV showing the greatest mean visual acuity gain. Mean central retinal thickness in patients with PCV was 523 ± 251 µm, in hCNV 497 ± 171, in RAP lesions 573 ± 132, and in PED 541 ± 158 and decreased to 310 ± 91 µm in PCV, 323 ± 75 µm in hCNV, 357 ± 173 µm in RAP lesions, and 422 ± 150 µm in PED. The mean area of atrophy increased from 2.0 ± 3.6 mm2 at baseline to 4.6 ± 8.6 mm2 at Month 12 (mean difference [95% confidence interval] −0.8 [−8.5 to 7.0], P = 0.8), with the greatest atrophy in patients with PED at Month 12.

Conclusion:
All subtypes of neovascular age-related macular degeneration showed anatomical improvement and stabilization of visual function during intravitreal treatment.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Outbreak in a Veterans Affairs Long-term Care Facility
Authors: Barrett Nancy , Bailey Lisa , Ford Florence , Thorne Monique , Azab Nancy , LeMaitre Beth , Lobo Zeena , Psevdos George 
Published: February 2020

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is increasingly becoming an important cause of respiratory infections in adults, especially those living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Seasonal outbreaks peaking from October to April are common. We report an outbreak of RSV involving 2 LTCFs with total capacity of 80 beds in 2019.

Methods
Retrospective chart review of cases identified with positive RSV infection via DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from January 24 to February 24, 2019, at 2 LTCF units, in close proximity to each other, at Northport Affairs Medical Center.

Results
Twenty veterans (18 men and 2 women) tested positive for RSV by rapid PCR. The median age was 73 (47–89) years, 85% are Caucasian, and 5 patients had temperature of greater than 100°F (100°F–102.4°F). All had rhinorrhea and 65% had cough. Medical history shows 45% with dementia, 30% with stroke, and 35% with diabetes; 2 patients on hemodialysis; and 2 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Four patients required hospitalization, and 2 of them required admission to intensive care unit. Length of stay ranged from 1 to 9 days. One patient with COPD required mechanical ventilation. One patient with computed tomography finding of airway impaction had antibiotics stopped by infectious diseases consult, yet he developed Clostridium difficile diarrhea. No deaths were observed, and all patients recovered. Aggressive infection control measures were implemented.

Conclusions
Respiratory syncytial virus is highly infectious and can easily cause an outbreak in an LTCF. Polymerase chain reaction testing was contributory to identify cases rapidly. Rapid PCR results and intensified infection control measures were instrumental to halt the outbreak.
MRI-determined liver fat correlates with risk of metabolic syndrome in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Chen Jialiang , Duan Shaojie , Ma Jie , Wang Rongrui , Chen Jie , Liu Xinyuan , Xue Lijun , Xie Sheng , Yao Shukun 
Published: February 2020

Background and aim:
Little is known about that the relationship between hepatic fat content (HFC) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to determine whether HFC correlated with MetS in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods:
HFC was measured by MRI-determined proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) for 131 suspected NAFLD subjects. Patients with NAFLD defined as MRI-PDFF ≥5% were stratified into two groups based on whether they were above or below the median MRI-PDFF value; the MRI-PDFF value for the control group was <5%. The primary outcome was the presence of MetS. Logistic regression models were used to obtain the associations between the severity of liver fat and MetS, and the corresponding odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were recorded.

Results:
Compared to NAFLD patients with low-HFC (n = 48) and the control group (n = 35), NAFLD patients with high-HFC (n = 48) had significantly greater prevalence of central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia (all P < 0.05). NAFLD patients with high-HFC had a higher prevalence of MetS than NAFLD patients with low-HFC (79.2% vs. 56.2%, P < 0.05). The multivariate-adjusted OR for the prevalence of MetS comparing NAFLD patient with low-HFC and high-HFC to the control group were 4.56 (95% CI: 0.54–38.79, P = 0.165) and 22.91 (95% CI: 1.80–292.21, P = 0.016), respectively (P
trend = 0.014).

Conclusion:
Increased hepatic fat quantitatively measured by MRI-PDFF had a significant dose-relationship with the presence of MetS, and the amount of liver fat may affect cardiovascular risk.
Confederates in the Attic
Authors: Bremner J. Douglas , Wittbrodt Matthew T. , Shah Amit J. , Pearce Bradley D. , Gurel Nil Z. , Inan Omer T. , Raggi Paolo , Lewis Tené T. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Vaccarino Viola 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Da Costa originally described Soldier's Heart in the 19th Century as a syndrome that occurred on the battlefield in soldiers of the American Civil War. Soldier's Heart involved symptoms similar to modern day posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity felt to be related to an abnormality of the heart. Interventions were appropriately focused on the cardiovascular system. With the advent of modern psychoanalysis, psychiatric symptoms became divorced from the body and were relegated to the unconscious. Later, the physiology of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders was conceived as solely residing in the brain. More recently, advances in psychosomatic medicine led to the recognition of mind-body relationships and the involvement of multiple physiological systems in the etiology of disorders, including stress, depression PTSD, and cardiovascular disease, has moved to the fore, and has renewed interest in the validity of the original model of the Soldier's Heart syndrome.
Impact of Service Learning on Student Attitudes Toward the Poor and Underserved
Authors: Tillman Paula , Thomas McKinley , Buelow Janet R. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Patient-centered care necessitates an appreciation of one's socioeconomic status and its influence on health and well-being.

Purpose
We explored how student attitudes toward poverty changed as a result of participation in an interprofessional service-learning experience.

Methods
Students from 6 health profession programs participated in an interprofessional military-sponsored free health care event serving nearly 8000 individuals from our community. Students' pre-post attitudes toward poverty were measured using the Attitude Toward Poverty Short Form (ATP-SF) and Beliefs About the Relationship Between Poverty and Health (BRPH) scale.

Results
Two subscales and 14 items on the ATP-SF and 3 items on the BRPH had significant differences between their pre and post experience. Students expressed less bias, a decrease in stereotypic views, and a heightened willingness to advocate on behalf of those with limited means of support.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that experiential, transformative service learning has a positive impact on students' attitudes toward poverty and the underserved.