bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexisting Single‐Atomic Fe and Ni Sites on Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon as a Highly Efficient ORR Electrocatalyst
Authors: Zhu Zhengju , Yin Huajie , Wang Yun , Chuang Cheng‐Hao , Xing Lei , Dong Mengyang , Lu Ying‐Rui , Casillas‐Garcia Gilberto , Zheng Yonglong , Chen Shan , Dou Yuhai , Liu Porun , Cheng Qilin , Zhao Huijun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts based on earth‐abundant nonprecious materials is critically important for sustainable large‐scale applications of fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Herein, a hetero‐single‐atom (h‐SA) ORR electrocatalyst is presented, which has atomically dispersed Fe and Ni coanchored to a microsized nitrogen‐doped graphitic carbon support with unique trimodal‐porous structure configured by highly ordered macropores interconnected through mesopores. Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectra confirm that Fe‐ and Ni‐SAs are affixed to the carbon support via FeN4 and NiN4 coordination bonds. The resultant Fe/Ni h‐SA electrocatalyst exhibits an outstanding ORR activity, outperforming SA electrocatalysts with only Fe‐ or Ni‐SAs, and the benchmark Pt/C. The obtained experimental results indicate that the achieved outstanding ORR performance results from the synergetic enhancement induced by the coexisting FeN4 and NiN4 sites, and the superior mass‐transfer capability promoted by the trimodal‐porous‐structured carbon support.
Direct Growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes onto Transparent Conductive Oxide Glass for Enhanced Charge Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ferguson Victoria , Li Bowei , Tas Mehmet O. , Webb Thomas , Sajjad Muhammad T. , Thomson Stuart A. J. , Wu Zhiheng , Shen Yonglong , Shao Guosheng , Anguita José V. , Silva S. Ravi P. , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) present an exciting avenue for nanoelectronics due to their predetermined orientation and exceptional transport capabilities along the tube length, with the potential to be employed in a variety of optoelectronic applications. However, growth of VACNTs using conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods requires elevated temperatures (>720 °C) and therefore, the suitability of commonly used transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glasses, such as fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) and indium‐tin oxide (ITO), as the substrates for nanotube growth are limited by their temperature‐sensitive nature. Here, the successful growth of multi‐walled VACNTs directly onto commonly used TCO glasses, FTO and ITO, using the photo‐thermal chemical vapor deposition (PTCVD) growth method is reported. The benefit of reflection, within the infrared region, of the TCO substrate and the effect of surface roughness on the growth of VACNTs is investigated. The application of VACNTs on ITO in inverted planar perovskite solar cells is investigated, which shows superior charge transfer, larger grain sizes in the perovskite film, and a champion device efficiency approaching 16%.
Soil carbon dioxide efflux from amended saline and thermally desorbed oil‐contaminated subsoil
Authors: Kruger M. , Sigdel S. , Gasch C. , DeSutter T. , Harmon J. , Chatterjee A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoil carbon (C) dynamics are often challenged by soil properties like high salt concentration and low organic matter content. To examine options for improving the quality of degraded soils, two pairs of soils, (a) non‐saline and (b) saline surface soils from an agricultural field, and (a) non‐contaminated subsoil and (b) thermal desorption‐treated subsoil from an oil‐contaminated site were collected. For the laboratory incubation, these four soils were treated with three amendments, (a) composted beef manure, (b) spent lime from sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) processing, and (c) commercial mulch (Proganics), and soil CO2 efflux was measured for three consecutive drying–rewetting (DW) cycles. Base efflux and the rate of change in base efflux were calculated from the slope and intercept of a linear fit model of CO2 efflux over time (h), respectively for each DW cycle. Soil, amendment, and DW had significant effect on base efflux and the rate of change in base efflux during DW. Proganics had the highest base efflux of 29.0 and 24.0 μg CO2–C m−2 d−1 for saline and thermal desorption‐treated soils, respectively, and significantly (P < .05) higher than other amendments. Spent lime and compost also significantly (P < .05) increased base efflux over the control. Base efflux had a strong association with permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC) for all soils, and a strong association with inorganic N for only saline and non‐saline soils. Amendments increased microbial metabolism and have the potential to improve soil health and crop production for soils with severe limitations.
Efficacy of intraoperative recurrent laryngeal neuromonitoring during surgery for esophageal cancer
Authors: Takeda Shigeru , Iida Michihisa , Kanekiyo Shinsuke , Nishiyama Mitsuo , Tokumitsu Yukio , Shindo Yoshitaro , Yoshida Shin , Suzuki Nobuaki , Yoshino Shigefumi , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative neuromonitoring in identifying recurrent laryngeal nerves and decreasing the incidence of nerve injury in minimally invasive esophagectomies for esophageal cancers.MethodsA total of 167 minimally invasive esophagectomy patients were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into intraoperative neuromonitoring (n = 84) and no intraoperative neuromonitoring (n = 83) groups, based on whether or not intraoperative neuromonitoring was used during surgery. We compared short‐term surgical outcomes and incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy between the two groups before and after propensity score matching. The association between the loss of signal and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was also evaluated.ResultsThe incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (grade 2 and higher) was lower in the intraoperative neuromonitoring group than in the no intraoperative neuromonitoring group (6.0% vs 21.2%, P = 0.02). The rate of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy recovery within 6 months was also significantly higher in the intraoperative neuromonitoring group (87.5% vs 20.0%, P < 0.01). The positive and negative predictive values of intraoperative neuromonitoring for recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy were 60% (9/15) and 86.9% (60/69), respectively. The duration from paralysis to recovery was shorter in recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy cases with negative loss of signal results than in cases with positive loss of signal results (median: 43 days vs 95 days).ConclusionIntraoperative neuromonitoring is useful in identifying recurrent laryngeal nerves and may aid in reducing the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during esophageal surgery.
Separation of C2–C4 hydrocarbons from methane by zeolite MFI hollow fiber membranes fabricated from 2D nanosheets
Authors: Min Byunghyun , Korde Akshay , Yang Shaowei , Kim Youngjo , Jones Christopher W. , Nair Sankar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeparation of higher hydrocarbons from methane is an important and energy‐intensive operation in natural gas processing. We present a detailed investigation of thin and oriented MFI zeolite membranes fabricated from 2D MFI nanosheets on inexpensive α‐alumina hollow fiber supports, particularly for separation of n‐butane, propane, and ethane (“natural gas liquids”) from methane. These membranes display high permeances and selectivities for C2–C4 hydrocarbons over methane, driven primarily by stronger adsorption of C2–C4 hydrocarbons. We study the separation characteristics under unary, binary, ternary, and quaternary mixture conditions at 298 K and 100–900 kPa feed pressures. The membranes are highly effective in quaternary mixture separation at elevated feed pressures, for example allowing n‐butane/methane separation factors of 170–280 and n‐butane permeances of 710–2,700 GPU over the feed pressure range. We parametrize and apply multicomponent Maxwell–Stefan transport equations to predict the main trends in separation behavior over a range of operating conditions.
Rheological/thermal properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) modified by chain extenders of pyromellitic dianhydride and pentaerythritol
Authors: Dolatshah Saeed , Ahmadi Shervin , Ershad‐Langroudi Amir , Jashni Hedieh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to low molecular weight and wide molecular weight distribution, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) shows weak melt strength properties. In this study, the synergistic effect of using different types of chain extenders and catalyst on rheological behavior of PET has been investigated. Long‐chain branching is known as a suitable method for developing the structure of PET during reactive melt processing. Thus, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and pentaerythritol (PENTA) were added to the fiber grade PET. The best formulation was determined based on rheological results, which revealed an improvement in both storage modulus and complex viscosity of PMDA‐modified samples. Samples containing 1.5% PMDA and 0.5% PENTA exhibited the best rheological properties. Also, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) acted as an accelerator for chain extension reaction during reactive melt blending. Subsequently, the rheological properties were improved by increasing the chain extending rate. Moreover, thermal properties such as crystallization and melting temperatures and the degree of crystallinity for modified PET were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry.
Waste management and bioenergy recovery from açaí processing in the Brazilian Amazonian region: a perspective for a circular economy
Authors: Ferreira Samuel F. , Buller Luz S. , Maciel‐Silva Francisco W. , Sganzerla William G. , Berni Mauro D. , Forster‐Carneiro Tânia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the Brazilian production of açaí, focusing on its waste generation and addressing mass and energy balances arising from its cultivation, extraction, processing, and waste disposal. A new technological route for açaíʼs waste management was introduced for bioenergy recovery based on the circular economy concept. In 2018, Brazil produced 1.7 million tons of açaí fruit for an income of 1.07 billion USD, and the associated waste generation (seeds) was estimated at 85%. Due to the high production of waste, an innovative approach was developed for a system boundary (conceptual line that divides the system), including the management of solid and liquid wastes through anaerobic digestion (AD). The results showed that, from 1 ton of açaí fruit fed into the facility for processing, 1.2 ton of solid waste and wastewater was generated. This waste was submitted to AD and produced 2.77 m3 of biogas, with a methane composition of 50%. The complete industrial process demands 25 kWh per ton of frozen pulp. The local energy produced by the biogas burning could be recycled and used by the process, establishing a circular energy economy for this sector. With the adoption of AD waste management, about 61% of the external electricity requirement for the açaí fruit processing can be replaced from the biogas produced. The adoption of this technology can be contribute to decarbonization. Furthermore, the implementation of AD could support the transition to a circular economy, with environmental, social, and economic benefits for local and regional sustainable development. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Understanding mass spectrometry images: complexity to clarity with machine learning
Authors: Gardner Wil , Cutts Suzanne M. , Phillips Don R. , Pigram Paul J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to hyperspectral mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) data has received considerable attention over recent years. Various methodologies have shown great promise in their ability to handle the complexity and size of MSI data sets. Advances in this area have been particularly appealing for MSI of biological samples, which typically produce highly complicated data with often subtle relationships between features. There are many different machine learning approaches that have been applied to MSI data over the past two decades. In this review, we focus on a subset of non‐linear machine learning techniques that have mostly only been applied in the past 5 years. Specifically, we review the use of the self‐organizing map (SOM), SOM with relational perspective mapping (SOM‐RPM), t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE) and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP). While not their only functionality, we have grouped these techniques based on their ability to produce what we refer to as similarity maps. Similarity maps are color representations of hyperspectral data, in which spectral similarity between pixels—that is, their distance in high‐dimensional space—is represented by relative color similarity. In discussing these techniques, we describe, briefly, their associated algorithms and functionalities, and also outline applications in MSI research with a strong focus on biological sample types. The aim of this review is therefore to introduce this relatively recent paradigm for visualizing and exploring hyperspectral MSI, while also providing a comparison between each technique discussed.
Virtual protein quantification laboratory enhancing online teaching
Authors: Gerber Hornink Gabriel , Costa Manuel Joao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVirtual laboratory simulations can contribute to the educational objectives related to practical classes, especially in situations of online or hybrid teaching. We present a proposal for laboratory activity involving the quantification of proteins with the biuret reaction and measurement by visible light spectrometry. The student will be able to develop the procedures and obtain the absorbance values for calculations and discussions using the ProtVirt software, integrating its use with the teacher's pedagogical proposal.
High‐resolution, relational, resonance‐based, electroencephalic mirroring (HIRREM) improves symptoms and autonomic function for insomnia: A randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Tegeler Catherine L. , Shaltout Hossam A. , Lee Sung W. , Simpson Sean L. , Gerdes Lee , Tegeler Charles H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionEffective insomnia interventions that also address autonomic dysregulation are lacking. We evaluate high‐resolution, relational, resonance‐based, electroencephalic mirroring (HIRREM®), in a randomized, controlled clinical trial. HIRREM is a noninvasive, closed‐loop, allostatic, acoustic stimulation neurotechnology, to support self‐optimization of brain rhythms.MethodsOne hundred and seven adults (mean age 45.7, SD ± 5.6, 73 women), with Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores of ≥15, received ten, 90‐min sessions of HIRREM, with tones linked to brainwaves (LB, 56), or random tones not linked to brainwaves (NL, 51), as an active, sham placebo. Outcomes were obtained at enrollment (V1), 1–7 days (V2), 8–10 weeks (V3), and 16–18 weeks (V4) after intervention. Primary outcome was differential change in ISI from V1 to V3. Secondary measures assessed depression (BDI), anxiety (BAI), quality of life (EQ‐5D), and a sleep diary. Ten minute recordings of HR and BP allowed analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS).ResultsOf 107 randomized, 101 completed the intervention. Intention‐to‐treat analysis (107) of change from V1 to V3 revealed a mean reduction of ISI in NL of −4.93 (SE ± 0.76) points, with additional, significant reduction of −2.05 points (0.74) in LB (total reduction of −6.98, p = .045). Additional reduction of −2.30 points (0.76) was still present in the LB at V4 (p = .058). Total ISI reduction from V1 to V4 was −5.90 points for NL and −7.93 points in LB. There were group differences (p < .05) for multiple HRV and BRS measures (rMSSD, SDNN, HF alpha, and Seq ALL), as well as total sleep time, sleep onset latency, and sleep efficiency. There were no serious adverse events.ConclusionsResults of this controlled clinical trial showed clinically relevant reduction of insomnia symptoms with HIRREM, over, and above an active, sham control, with associated, durable improvement in autonomic cardiovascular regulation.
Dose‐reducing fluoroscopic system decreases patient but not occupational radiation exposure in chronic total occlusion intervention
Authors: Salinas Pablo , Sanchez‐Casanueva Roberto M. , Gonzalo Nieves , A. Gil Jorge , Salazar Carlos H , Jimenez‐Quevedo Pilar , Nombela‐Franco Luis , J. Nuñez‐Gil Ivan , Mejia‐Renteria Hernan , Fernandez‐Soto Jose M. , Fernandez‐Ortiz Antonio , Vaño Eliseo , Escaned Javier 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsSeveral novel low‐dose fluoroscopic systems (LDS) developed recently, but real practice information of the net benefit for the patient and professionals is scarce. We evaluated separately patient and operator radiation exposure during percutaneous interventions of chronic total occlusions (CTO).MethodsA total of 116 consecutive CTOs were analyzed (60 in LDS and 56 in standard‐dose fluoroscopic system [SDS]). Digital dosimetry of patient and occupational (operator and scatter dose) exposure was prospectively recorded.ResultsBiometrics, demographics, CTO variables, and operators were distributed evenly. Patient radiation exposure was effectively decreased in LDS (dose area product [DAP] by 36%, Air Kerma [AK] by 47%). However, occupational data showed no statistical differences between LDS and SDS. The LDS uses less radiation amount but with higher energy (due to additional filtration) compared to SDS, therefore increasing the scatter dose. When comparing the C‐arm scatter dose to the DAP we found higher scatter dose with the LDS (0.0139 mSv/gray (Gy)*cm2 vs. 0.0082 mSv/Gy*cm2, p < .001). This was confirmed in a larger dataset comprising 5,221 coronary procedures.ConclusionsLDS was safer for patients reducing DAP and AK compared to SDS. However, occupational doses were not lower and scatter dose higher. Radiological protection measures must be kept maximized even in LDS.
Case of an abnormal procalcitonin‐producing metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Wang Wei‐Zhen , Xu Long‐Jiang , Hu Duan‐Min , Tang Wen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProcalcitonin (PCT) is widely used to diagnose a bacterial infection. An increased serum PCT can also be observed in tumors. We presented an unusual case of a metastatic PNET producing and secreting PCT. Immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate that PCT can be secreted by PanNET.
How to manage an unusual presentation of a thyroglossal duct cyst?
Authors: da Silva Ferreira Mafalda , Eva Miguéis Jorge , Amorim Ana Margarida , Dias‐Silva Nuno 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLingual thyroglossal duct cysts are rare congenital anomalies of the neck. They can be accidentally detected or manifest with disabling symptoms. These cysts can be potentially difficult to manage, but their complete resection is curative.
Metathesis of Classical and Functionalized Olefins Catalyzed by Silica‐Supported Single‐Site Well‐Defined W and Mo Pre‐catalysts
Authors: Saidi Aya , Samantaray Manoja K. , Poater Albert , Tretiakov Mykyta , Cavallo Luigi , Basset Jean‐Marie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOlefin metathesis of α‐olefins (C6, C8, C10), α, β‐unsaturated ester, α, β‐ unsaturated acetate and cross‐metathesis of 1‐octene and ethyl 6‐heptenoate were carried out using well‐defined [(≡Si−O−)W(CH3)5] and [(≡Si−O−)Mo(≡CtBu)(CH2tBu)2] pre‐catalysts. During the reaction, it was observed that irrespective of the chain length, linear α‐olefins are almost showing similar TON. We observed that Mo pre‐catalyst performs better with TONs between 700 and 1478 as compared to W with TONs between 213 and 962 at room temperature. Both pre‐catalysts performed equally at 70 °C, with almost similar activity as well as TON (≈1700). We also carried out self‐metathesis of functionalized olefins using both silica‐supported W and Mo pre‐catalysts. It was observed that W pre‐catalyst performs much better than Mo pre‐catalyst for functionalized olefin metathesis reaction in our conditions. Additionally, we noticed that W pre‐catalyst provides selective metathesis product, whereas Mo pre‐catalyst gives a range of products due to the isomerization of the olefinic bond.
Utilization of Hemicelluloses as Example for Holistic Recovery of Agricultural Residues
Authors: Jahn Annika , Thümmler Katrin , Gebke Stefan , Kahl Martin , Aubel Ines , Fischer Steffen , Bertau Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this work was to separate and characterize the hemicellulose from agricultural residues of annual plants and to achieve a suitable application for it. Therefore, different treatments for producing pulp were tested and compared. Wheat straw and oat husks were digested by alkaline pulping and delignification. Pectin from sugar beet pulp was obtained by acid extraction. Beside the production of pulp, the separation and utilization of hemicellulose as resource was a key aspect of this work. The hemicelluloses were tested as paper additives, flame retardants and flotation agents.
Augsburger Mietpark
Authors:   Hosokawa Alpine AG, Augsburg
Published: September 2020

AbstractHosokawa Alpine, ein führender Anbieter im Bereich Verfahrenstechnik und Folienextrusion, präsentiert sein neues, umfangreiches Portfolio an Miet‐ und Gebrauchtmaschinen. Das Angebot reicht von Multiprozessanlagen für die Herstellung kleinerer Mengen bis hin zu Produktionsanlagen mit mehreren Tonnen Durchsatz pro Stunde.
Feine Auslese
Authors: Sauerwald Denis 
Published: September 2020

Abstractüberall dort, wo in der industriellen Verarbeitung brennbare Materialien in kleinteiliger Form vorliegen, kann es durch unterschiedliche Ursachen zu Brand‐ und Explosionsereignissen mit teilweise gravierenden Folgen kommen. Mit modernen Anlagen zur Funkenerkennung‐ und eliminierung können Sach‐ und Personenschäden sowie kostenintensive Produktionsausfälle effektiv verhindert werden.
Optimales Wärmemanagement
Authors: Bruewer Tim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSolarthermische Kraftwerke mit Strahlungsbündelung („concentrated solar power‟, kurz „CSP‟) bieten oftmals einen höheren Wirkungsgrad als Photovoltaikanlagen. Um die schwankende Produktion von Strom aufgrund der wechselnden Sonneneinstrahlung auszugleichen, werden in solchen Anlagen häufig Salzschmelzen als Wärmespeicher eingesetzt. Dafür ist ein umfangreiches Wärmemanagement nötig, um eine stabile Temperatur des Salzes sicherzustellen. Dies kann durch ein Beheizungssystem, bestehend aus elektrischen Heizmodulen, Sensoren und Kontrolleinheiten zur Stabilisierung der Temperatur der Salzschmelze an jedem Punkt in der Anlage erreicht werden.