bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Assessment of Drinking Well Water near Dumpsite at Ogidi-Oloje Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf K.O. , Sadiku I.B. , Abioye O.S. 
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to determine the quality of drinking well water near dumpsite at Ogidi-Oloje, Ilorin, Kwara State. Open wells near dumpsite could be polluted due to percolation of chemicals from the decomposition of refuse and scraps of electronic boards having potential of causing diseases to man. Most people at Ogidi-Oloje Ilorin depend on open wells near dumpsite for drinking water during dry season. Water samples were collected from seven open wells (W1 - W6) 9.2 - 18.2 m away from dumpsite and the control well W7 was 45.0 m away from the dumpsite. Physicochemical and bacteriological properties were determined from the water samples during dry season (March, 2019) and rainy season (July, 2019). Phosphate, Cadmium, Lead, Feacal coliform were not detected during dry season but only Feacal coliform was not detected in the water during rainy season. All the values of physicochemical properties of the water were within WHO permissible limits except Iron and Cadmium that above the limits which could cause diseases to mankind. Values of Iron during dry season for six well sources were 3.61, 4.02, 4.26, 3.25, 5.14 and 7.24 mg/L while values for rainy season and control were 0.715, 1.410, 0.650, 0.049, 0.780, 1.110 and 0.775 mg/L(control) but WHO limits is 0.03mg/L. Concentrations of Cadmium in the water during rainy season were 0.010, 0.015, 0.015, 0.020, 0.015, 0.015 and 0.02mg/L(control) but WHO limit is 0.003 mg/L. This study revealed that the water is suitable for consumption during dry season but unsuitable during rainy season.
Keywords: well water quality, groundwater pollution, water diseases, dumpsite
Assessment of Wound Healing Activity of Green Synthesized Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles using <i>Strychnos spinosa </i>and <i>Blighia sapida</i>
Authors: Hassan H. , Omoniyi K.I. , Okibe F.G. , Nuhu A.A. , Echioba E.G. 
Published: June 2020

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles has been proposed as a cost effective and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical and physical methods. The present work investigates the synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) by green approach using Strychnos spinosa and Blighia sapida leave extracts. The detailed characterization of the TiO2 NPs was carried out using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X- ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The green synthesized TiO2 NPs excitation was confirmed using UV–Vis spectrophotometer at 270 and 290 nm for Strychnos spinosa and Blighia sapida respectively. SEM revealed that the synthesized TiO2 NPs were spherical and crystalline in nature. The overall sizes are 40 and 50 nm for Strychnos spinosa and Blighia sapida respectively. FTIR spectroscopic analysisshowed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols and amide groups likely to be responsible for the green synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticles using S. Spinosa and B .sapida aqueous leaf extracts. The XRD pattern showed the characteristic Bragg peaks of (111), (200), (220) and (311) facets of the anatase titanium oxide nanoparticles and confirmed that these nanoparticles were crystalline and spherical in nature. Furthermore, the green synthesized TiO2 NPs wound healing activity was examined in the excision wound model by measuring wound closure, histopathology and protein profiling. This revealed significant wound healing activity in Albino rats. In the present study, topical application ofnanoformulated extracts of B. sapidaa nd S. spinosa significantly accelerated wound healing with 20% nanoformulated ointment having the highest percentage wound contraction ability comparable with gentamicin (a commercially sold antimicrobial agent used in dressing wounds). In conclusion, this work proved the capability of using TiO2 NPs to deliver a novel therapeutic route for wound treatment in clinical practice.
Keywords: Wound healing activity; SEM; TiO2; XRD; FTIR; UV–Vis spectroscopy.
Growth and Fruit Yield of Tomato (<I>Solanum lycopersicum L.</I>) under Different Levels of Phosphorus Fertilization
Authors: Kareem I. , Azeez R. , Kareem S.A. , Oladosu Y. , Abdulmaliq S.Y. , Eifediyi E.K. , Alasinrin S.Y. , Olalekan K.K. 
Published: June 2020

Having substantial and working knowledge on phosphorus fertilization is a pre-requisite to profitable tomato production. Thus, the present research was conducted to determine the optimum phosphorus (P) fertilizer rate for better fruit yield of tomato in Ilorin, a location in the Southern Guinea savannah zone of Nigeria. Five levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60, 90 and120kgP/ha) were tested on UC82B tomato variety. The experiment waslaid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and number of branches at different growth stages while data on fruit yield as well as its components were collected at harvest. Results showed that application of 30kgP/ha produced plants with the highest leaf area. The control and 30kgP/ha produced the highest number of leaves. Application of 90kgP/ha and 120kgP/ha resulted in production of highest number of fruits while application of 90kgP/ha alone resulted in production of the tallest plants, highest number of branches and highest fruit yield. The yield was 66% better than the control. It was, therefore, concluded that 90kgP/ha should be used for optimum tomato fruit production in the agro-ecological zone of the research and places with the same climatic and edaphic conditions.
Keywords: Phosphorus fertilization, tomato, growth improvement and fruit yield
Monitoring the <i>in-situ</i> Bioremediation of Spend engine-oil contaminated soil After Irrigation with Fermented Chicken-droppings
Authors: Okpashi V.E. , Ushie O.A. , Abeng F.E. , Inyang I.H. 
Published: June 2020

Preparation for the bioremediation of petroleum contaminants is explored to provide a low-cost and capable strategy for biodegradation of contaminants and renewal of soil fertility. In this study, fermented chicken droppings were used as novel in-situ bio-stimulants and bio- augmentation materials. The investigation determines the capability of fermented chicken droppings to biodegrade the residual total petroleum hydrocarbon compounds in-used engine oil contaminated soil – in the case of auto mechanic shops. The soil was collected at 10 cm depth from the ground, air-dried and sieved with 2.5mm mesh. A 4 kg of soil was weighed into 13 perforated buckets to allow aeration and prevent waterlogging. The setup consists of three replicates that were spiked with 150 ml of used engine oil. 500 ml of the fermented chicken droppings were used to irrigate the contaminated soil at ratio 1:8 periodically for every 3 days per irrigation for 21 days. The uncontaminated soil used as the control group was irrigated with normal water. The TPH composition of the contaminated and remediated soil samples was screened using gas Chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. Results show that the uncontaminated soil (A-group) had C10 - 24.058 ± 0.02 ppm, C12 - 37.327 ± 0.01 ppm, C14 - 28.515 ± 0.02 ppm and C16 - 12.097 ± 0.02 ppm, respectively out of about 35 TPH compounds that ought to be detected from C8 to C40. The Concentration of TPH in Contaminated soil before irrigation with Chicken droppings – positive control (ppm) B-group gave a significant qualitative and quantitative presence of TPHs in contaminated soil at varying concentrations. 36 TPHs were detected out of forty, starting from C10 - 1.836 ± 0.01 ppm to C38 - 50.150±0.01 ppm. Whereas, the Concentration of residual TPH in Contaminated soil after irrigation with Chicken droppings gave varying levels of residual TPHs ranging from C8 - 1.519 ± 0.02 ppm to C38 - 41.487 ±0.02 ppm. This also gave a resultant/differences in the degradation level of TPHs. Differences in TPH Concentration between before the irrigation and after irrigation of contaminated soil were calculated, C8 had - 0.317 ppm while another TPHs concentration varies accordingly. From the results, one can be deduced that despite other environmental factors that influence the degradation of TPHs, fermented chicken droppings showed great capability in the degradation of TPHs in the contaminated soil.
Keywords: Bioremediation, auto-mechanic-yard, Soil-fertility, Used-engine-oil, fermented-chicken-droppings
Comparative Review of the Magnitude of Transaction Costs in Construction Procurement Projects between Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Yahaya M.L. , Ibrahim I. , Sani M. 
Published: June 2020

Contracting business in public sector within various counties has a transaction cost to incur. This paper reviews transaction costs magnitude of developed and developing countries using standard sampling and procedure by analyzing data from four (4) developed countries; United States of America, United Kingdom, Newzealand, and Czech Republic and two (2) developing countries in Africa; Ghana and Nigeria. According to thefindings Newzealand have the highest TCs magnitude among all countries compared of about 16.5% averagely and with Czech Republic with 0.13% minimum that are incurred by stakeholders when bidding public sector construction projects. This is an important comparison and strengthens the assumption that there is a significant link between transaction costs incurred in bidding and public sector procurement, and that reducing such costs must be important for the contracting firms of various countries.
Keywords: Construction, Comparison, Magnitude, Procurement, Transaction Cost.
Prevalence of Syphilis Infection in a Tertiary Rural Hospital: A Five Year Evaluation
Authors: Olley M. , Okwu M.U. , Igiebor U.C. , Alao B.J. 
Published: June 2020

Syphilis is a blood borne and sexually transmitted disease of global distribution. This study was aimed at determining the trend and prevalence of syphilis across the years among patients attending the Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada, Nigeria. A retrospective analysis of data of patients attending the Out patients department as well as those attending the anti natal clinic of Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada,Nigeria from January 2015 to December 2019.Sera samples were screened for Treponema palladium antibody using commercially available immunochromatic rapid Syphilis based test kits. Out of the 741 screened sera in the 2015 – 2019 study period, 8 (1.1%) were positive for Treponema pallidium antibodies. The prevalence are 0.4%, 1.3%, 0%, 3.8% and 2.8% respectively for the year 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively. The gender related distribution for the study periods are not statistically significant with p- values all greater than 0.05. The prevalence of syphilis is low within this community which is an indication of adherence to preventive measures never the less public awareness remains a medium for eradication of syphilis.
Keywords: Rapid Syphilis test kit, Immunochramatogenic, Treponema pallidium
Fermentation and Effect on the Microbial Loads of Atlantic Cod, <i>Gadus morhua</i>
Authors: Daramola J.A. , Oladosu T.O. , Ismail K.S. 
Published: June 2020

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of fermentation on the microbial loads of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Eviscerated samples of Atlantic cod were fermented in three media: sterile distilled water, 14% saline medium and 14% salt with potash for 24 hours. The fermented Atlantic cod samples were oven-dried at 600C for one hour and thereafter, 1000C for three hours, cooled and stored in plastic baskets at ambient temperature for four weeks. Analyses of the dried fermented Atlantic cod was carried out weekly for Salmonella shigella, total bacterial, Staphylococcal, total fungal and total coliform counts. Results from the mean values indicated variations in the effects of the additives and processing treatments over the 24 hours fermentation period which were significant (p < 0.05). The dressed fish sample fermented with both salt and potash (DRSFP), recorded the least mean microbial counts during the 4-week storage period, followed by the sample which was fermented with salt (DRSF) while the highest occurrence of microorganisms was recorded in the sample which was fermented with sterile distilled water (DRF). Hence, fermentation of fish with salt and potash is recommended. Meanwhile, in relation to the standard recommended microbial limits, the loads of microbes on the fermented Atlantic cod samples from the three treatments still fall within the safe and acceptable level.
Keywords: Gadus morhua, Fermentation, Salt, Potash, Microbial load
Phytochemical Constituents and Insecticidal Efficacy of the Root and Leaf Powders of <i>Mimosa diplotricha</i> and <i>Aspilia africana </i>against <i>Callosobruchus maculates</i> (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Uyi O.O. , Udeogwu C.C. , Rotimi J. 
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the efficacy of the root and leaf powders of Aspilia africana and Mimosa diplotricha against the cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Newly emerged adults of C. maculatus were exposed to grains treated with one of four treatments (powders: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g) of the two plants at different exposure period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Both A. africana and M. diplotricha exhibited a high level of mortality which was a function of treatment concentration and of exposure time. At 96 hours of exposure, 2 g of the root and leaf powders of A. africana caused 70% and 54% mortality respectively, in C. maculatus. When C. maculatus was exposed to 2 g for a 96-hour exposure, the root and leaf powders of M. diplotricha, however, resulted in 52% and 50% mortality respectively. Although powders from all four treatment types exhibited insecticidal activities by causing varying levels of mortality in C. maculatus, the highest death rate was caused by the root powder of A. africana. Qualitative analysis of the plants revealed that alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides were present in the leaf extracts of A. africana and M. diplotricha. The moderately high insecticidal activity demonstrated by the root powders suggest that they hold more potential in the control of C. maculatus compared to the leaf powders.
Keywords: Mimosa diplotricha, Aspilia africana, phytochemical constituents, Callosobruchus maculatus
Geochemical Approach and Industrial Utilization of Some Marble Bodies from Ubo River Area and Environs, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Odokuma-Alonge O. , Chibuzor N.S. , Ogbamikhumi A. 
Published: June 2020

Marble bodies occur in Ubo River Area as lenses of rocks. Seven (07) marble samples were obtained, analyzed and subjected to X-Ray Flourescence (XRF) analysis to determine both the major and trace elemental composition of the samples. The analysis revealed high CaO values (52.23-58.10 wt. %) and moderate values for SiO2 (7.50-10.43wt. %), fairly low values for Al2O3 (2.30 – 4.21 wt. %), Fe2O3 (2.62 – 5.15 wt. %), MgO (0.42 – 0.7 wt. %), MnO (0.01 – 0.06 wt. %), K2O (0.32 – 1.55 wt. %) and Na2O (0.01 – 0.03 wt. %), respectively. Variation plots involving Na2O/Al2O3 vs K2O/Al2O3 reveal sedimentary progenitors for the rocks. The fairly high SiO2 and low K2O content is an indication of the environment of deposition and may have been in a shallow marine environment with fair input of classic sediments into the system. The relatively high CaO content, moderate SiO2content and fairly low Al2O3 and Fe2O3 values indicates a fair degree of purity of the parent rock, hence its suitability as a raw material in the industrial sector.
Keywords: Clastic, Deposition, Environment, Progenitor, Marble, Chemical
Heavy metals in Bushmeat from New-Bussa and its environs, Nigeria
Authors: Adelakun K.M. , Kehinde A.S. , Joshua D.A. , Ibrahim A.O. , Akinade T.G. 
Published: June 2020

Bushmeat have provided complimentary protein for human population across the world over the centuries. This study assessed the concentration of heavy metals in bushmeats in New Bussa and its environs. Three carcass of bush meat (Kobus kob (Kob), Tragelaphus scriptus (Bushbuck) and Sylvicapra grimmia (Duiker)) were sourced from the study area. The carcass was digested and concentrations of nine heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co and Cd) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results obtained for the heavy metal analysis were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) while Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the relationship in the samples. The heavy metal concentration in muscle tissues of the selected bushmeat revealed that zinc with 815.00±13.00 mg/kg in Kob was the highest mean value of all meat samples, followed by Iron (479.00±10.00 mg/kg) in Duiker while Pb level in Bushbuck 213.00±3.00 mg/kg is outrageously the highest. Copper, Chromium and Nickel did not exceed the permissible limits as set by FEPA/WHO. The concentration pattern of heavy metals in bush meat show that Sylvicapra grimmia and Tragelaphus scriptus had the same pattern of Zn>Fe>Pb>Cr>Mn>Cu>Co>Ni>Cd concentration while Kobus kob pattern of association is Zn>Fe>Cr>Pb>Ni>Cu>Co>Cd>Mn. The comparative study of the heavy metal concentrations revealed that Zinc (Zn) recorded the highest frequency, followed by Iron (Fe) and Lead (Pb). This study has shown that high level of Pb in the samples from the study area is a matter of concern in bush meat consumption in the study area; hence people should be warned of impending danger in the consumption of heavy metals contaminated bush meat.
Keywords: Bushmeat, heavy metals, concentration, toxicity, contaminated
Assessment of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in Water and Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Plant from Woji Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibezim-Ezeani M.U. , Ihunwo O.C. 
Published: June 2020

This study evaluates the levels of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni and the potential ability of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) plant to bioaccumulate these metals in Woji Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria by collecting water and water hyacinth samples along a 1.3 km stretch of the creek between 2018 and 2019 for analysis. Water samples and plants were collected from five stations across the creek from June to October of both years. The trend of metal concentration in the surface water is Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd in 2018 and Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd in 2019. In 2018, metal concentration in the root are in the order: Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd, while the trend for the shoot is Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. In 2019, Cd was detected in the roots ranging from 1.009 ± 0.001 to 9.545 ± 0.006, while Pb ranged from 0.298 ± 0.006 mg/kg to 121.006 ± 0.005 mg/kg. There was substantial bioaccumulation of Pb, Ni and Cr in the roots with most plant roots having BCF > 1. In the shoot, BCF was > 1 for Pb and Cr only, while Ni had BCF < 1. The findings from this research also assert that the E. crassipes can be used in the application of rhizofiltration as phytoremediation technique in Woji creek.
Keywords: Metal accumulation, phytoremediation, Translocation, Bioconcentration, Woji creek
Contamination and Pollution Studies of Heavy Metals in Sand Filter Media Waste Dumpsite in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ikoko I.L. , Osu C.I. , Horsfall M. 
Published: June 2020

The contamination and pollution level of five Heavy Metals in spent Sand Filter Media [SFM] waste dumpsite was investigated to ascertain the contamination, pollution and possible migration in that environment. Samples were collected at the surface, 0.1m depth and 100m away from the dumpsite and analysed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) for concentration of Cr, Fe, Mn. Ni and Pb ions. Geochemical Pollution Indices were used to evaluate the contamination and pollution level of the HMs comparatively using the world shale average values and the experimental control value. Results obtained showed highest concentration of 12.50mg/kg for Fe and lowest detectable concentration of 0.2mg/kg for Ni at the top of the dumpsite. All five heavy metals had low concentrations compared to WHO and national standards for soil qualityboth at the top and 0.1m depth of the dumpsite. Percentage concentrations of the heavy metals at the top showed 78.81, 12.04, 7.88, 1.26% in the order Fe >>> Cr > Mn > Ni > Pb with the values of Ni and Cr at 0.1m depth slightly higher indicating some level of migration. Contamination Factor Cf, depicts very severe contamination to slight pollution at the top with minimum of 0.714 and maximum of 1.471. Degree of Contamination Cd, of <8 and Modified Degree of Contamination mCd <1.5 showed low contamination. The pollution load index, PLI values of < 50 depicts that no drastic rectification measure was needed which concludes that the SFM dumpsite was contaminated but technically not polluted.
Keywords: Surface mobility, Yenagoa, heavy metal contamination, Pollution indices, Bayelsa State
Structure and Efficiency of Trade in Wild Snail in Selected Markets in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo state, Nigeria
Authors: Akanni O.F. , Salako B.A. , Kolade R.I. , Olumide-Ojo O. , Oyetoki O.A. 
Published: June 2020

The study examined the structure and efficiency of trade in wild snail in Selected Markets in fivepurposively selected popular markets in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state Nigeria. Primary data were obtained from ahundred and twenty (120) snail marketers with the use of structured questionnaire and analyzed using Descriptivestatistics, Gini coefficient and budgetary analysis. According to the study, 80% of the respondents sourced theirgoods (snails) from the wild and the selling price is largely determined by the socio economic status of the buyer(40%). Also the enterprise is dominated by females (83.3%), more profitable in Apata market with a profit margin of ₦167,000 and generally efficient. Furthermore there is high inequality in the structure of the market as the gini coefficient (0.59) tends towards one while the major constraints to marketing include transportation (from the wild to the market) competition among marketers and storage. The study therefore recommends that snail farming (heliculture) should be encouraged so that there will be massive production and availability of snails all year round. This would mitigate the identified problems and increase the benefits accruing to players in the snail value chain.
Keywords: Structure, Efficiency, Wild snail, Ibadan metropolis, Profit Margin.