bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2: Origin, Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Kundu Ipsita , Radharani NNV , Yadav Amit S , Patnaik Srinivas , Kundu Gopal C 
Published: December 2020

:In December 2019, a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly infected a large population in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. Since then, it has been spread all over the world, causing a pandemic termed as Coronavirus Disease 2019 or COVID-19. It has infected over 32 million people and caused more than nine lakhs casualties worldwide to date. Till now, no specific drug or vaccine has been developed to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. WHO has announced that maintaining personal hygiene and social distancing are the best available options against COVID-19. Various experimental and re-purposed drugs are being used as preventive and supportive therapy in different parts of the world. Comprehensive information about SARS-CoV-2 is required to develop therapeutic approaches for the prevention of COVID-19. In this article, we have comprehensively reviewed the origin, structure, and infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. We have also discussed the pathology of COVID-19, and various therapeutic interventions that are being used for drug development against COVID-19.
Facebook-Based Social Marketing to Reduce Smoking in Australia’s First Nations Communities: An Analysis of Reach, Shares, and Likes
Authors: Hefler Marita , Kerrigan Vicki , Grunseit Anne , Freeman Becky , Kite James , Thomas David P 
Published: December 2020

Background
Facebook is widely used by Australia’s First Nations people and has significant potential to promote health. However, evidence-based guidelines for its use in health promotion are lacking. Smoking prevalence among Australia’s First Nations people is nearly 3 times higher than other Australians. Locally designed programs in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHOs) to reduce smoking often use Facebook.

Objective
This study reports on an analysis of the reach and engagement of Facebook posts with smoking prevention and cessation messages posted by ACCHOs in the Northern Territory, Australia.

Methods
Each service posted tobacco control content at least weekly for approximately 6 months. Posts were coded for the following variables: service posted, tailored First Nations Australian content, local or nonlocally produced content, video or nonvideo, communication technique, and emotional appeal. The overall reach, shares, and reactions were calculated.

Results
Compared with posts developed by the health services, posts with content created by other sources had greater reach (adjusted incident rate ratio [IRR] 1.92, 95% CI 1.03-3.59). Similarly, reactions to posts (IRR 1.89, 95% CI 1.40-2.56) and shared posts (IRR 2.17, 95% CI 1.31-3.61) with content created by other sources also had more reactions, after controlling for reach, as did posts with local First Nations content compared with posts with no First Nations content (IRR 1.71, 95% CI 1.21-2.34).

Conclusions
Facebook posts with nonlocally produced content can be an important component of a social media campaign run by local health organizations. With the exception of nonlocally produced content, we did not find a definitive set of characteristics that were clearly associated with reach, shares, and reactions. Beyond reach, shares, and likes, further research is needed to understand the extent that social media content can influence health behavior.
Rescate y difusión del patrimonio cultural de Nandayure y Liberia por medio de la producción de dos largometrajes documentales
Authors: Castillo Valverde José Pablo 
Published: December 2020

La riqueza histórica-cultural y en recursos naturales de las comunidades de Guanacaste ha convertido a esta provincia en sitio ideal para la producción documental educativa. El desarrollo de la promoción en redes sociales y dispositivos inteligentes ha hecho que dicho tipo de audiovisual tenga salida en las mismas comunidades. La inversión en promocionar tales producciones por medio de las redes permite que los habitantes de esa región puedan disfrutar de su propia cultura y sus orígenes al ver retratada su cotidianidad e historia en estos mismos audiovisuales. Por una parte, esta inversión debe ser parte de las estrategias de extensión de las universidades estatales que poseen oficinas dedicadas a la producción audiovisual educativa. Por otra parte, resulta también importante que el documental se convierta en una ventana para que dichas tradiciones sean vistas fuera de Costa Rica. Existen diferentes rutas para ello; pero una muy importante corresponde a las inscripciones y participaciones en concursos y festivales internacionales de cine. Un acercamiento de dicho tipo de productos y experiencias de trabajo que engloban los elementos mencionados, son los documentales de la UNED, «Las Tierras de la Princesa Nandayure» y «Una Fiesta en Liberia».
Puntos de encuentro entre el enfoque pedagógico de Paulo Freire y la Educación en Derechos Humanos
Authors: Núñez Méndez Allyson 
Published: December 2020

La propuesta pedagógica de Paulo Freire genera los elementos tanto para una educación dirigida al cambio social como hacia el enfoque de la Educación en Derechos Humanos. Este ensayo se propone como objetivos, primero, profundizar en los elementos que incluye el enfoque de Educación en Derechos Humanos; segundo, exponer los principales conceptos de la pedagogía de Paulo Freire y, tercero, demostrar que el enfoque de la Educación en Derechos Humanos es una de las formas más concretas de vinculación entre las tendencias en educación y la pedagogía de Paulo Freire. La Educación en Derechos Humanos se dirige a hacer de la persona un sujeto de derecho, con una gran capacidad de cuestionamiento crítico de la sociedad, que logra convertirse en un agente de cambio social, comprometido en el cumplimiento de los derechos humanos. Para lograr este camino, es necesario un docente que eduque para la crítica y para el cambio, por medio del diálogo. La metodología empleada para la elaboración de este documento consistió en una revisión y un análisis profundo de los textos sobre el tema. Se concluyó que ambos enfoques educativos tienen coincidencias fundamentales sobre la esencia de la educación y el hecho educativo.
Comments on dating and the periodization of the use of the burial ground in Domasław-Chrzanów, Wrocław district
Authors: Gediga Bogusław 
Published: December 2020

The paper contains the comments of an archaeologist on the results of dating the Bronze and early Iron Age burial ground in Domasław, Wrocław district by the 14C method. Most of the dates obtained correlate well with previous archaeological dating to the Bronze and early Iron Age. There are, however, a few exceptions (namely, the stylistic characteristics of grave inventories) in which the established typological classification contrasts with the radiocarbon dates determined for these features and situates them much earlier, largely during the period of the Tumulus cultures in Polish territory in the II period of the Bronze Age in the periodization by O. Montelius/J. Kostrzewski and BC and BD in the southern periodization system. Similarly, several other assemblages from the youngest phase of the use of the burial ground from the HC period obtained much older dates.
Koleksi Raffles Dari Jawa: Bukti Dari Eropa Tentang Sebuah Peradaban
Authors: Green Alexandra 
Published: December 2020

Stamford Raffles was promoted to Lieutenant Governor of Java when the island was taken from the Dutch by the British East India Company in 1811 as part of the Napoleonic warsin Europe. During Raffles’ years on Java, he collected substantial cultural materials,among others are; theatrical objects, musical instruments, coins and amulets, metal sculpture, and drawings of Hindu- Buddhist buildings and sculpture. European interest inantiquities explains the ancient Hindu- Buddhist material in Raffles’s collection, but thetheatrical objects were less understood easily. This essay explored Raffles’ s collecting practices, addressing the key questions of what he collected and why, as well as what were the shape of the collection can tell us about him, his ideas and beliefs, his contemporaries, and Java, including interactions between colonizers and locals. I compared the types of objects in the collections with Raffles’ writings, as well as the writings of his contemporaries on Java and Sumatra in the British Library and the Royal Asiatic Society. Raffles was one of the first people to apply the enlightenment notion of systematic collecting to cultural material, but his collections were not systematized by Javanese standards, indicating his incomplete understanding of the local culture. Instead, the objects demonstrated that Raffles chose items considered indicative of civilization according to European ideas, assembling objects to support his argument in favor of Java as a remaining of a British colony, as well as to promote his own image as a scholar- official.
Uruguay en el acuerdo UE-MERCOSUR: economía política de posicionamientos e implicaciones
Authors: Caetano Gerardo , Pose Nicolás 
Published: December 2020

El artículo analiza desde la perspectiva de Uruguay el acuerdo entre la UE y el Mercosur, aprobado en una primera instancia en 2019. Se consideran los principales antecedentes del proceso de negociaciones y los posicionamientos políticos y sociales domésticos. Luego se realiza un balance general acerca de beneficios y costos esperados desde una perspectiva multisectorial, y se recorren algunos debates relevantes sobre la legitimidad de los TLC y su rol en las disputas respecto a la imposición de modelos económicos en pugna. Desde el reconocimiento de la necesidad imperiosa que tiene Uruguay de avanzar en la conformación de instrumentos para afirmar su proyección exportadora, las reflexiones finales introducen algunos elementos para lograr una mayor legitimidad y sustentabilidad social del acuerdo.
Development of Root Architecture in Thirty-seven Tree Species of Field Grown Nursery Stock1
Authors: Watson G. W. , Hewitt A.M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe number and size of lateral roots of a tree seedling can be evaluated visually, and could potentially be used to select plants with better root systems early in nursery production. To evaluate how root architecture develops in young trees, root architecture of 37 species of trees was compared at two stages of development: as harvested seedlings, and then one year after replanting. The total number of lateral roots and the number of roots &gt;2mm (0.08 in) diameter that were present on the portion of the taproot remaining on seedlings after standard root pruning were recorded. Neither could consistently predict the number of lateral roots on the root system one year after replanting. Development of roots (sum of diameters) regenerated from the cut end of the seedling taproot was equal or greater than lateral root development in 84 percent of evaluated species. Even when regenerated root development was significantly less than lateral root development, the regenerated roots still comprised up to 44 percent of the root system. Regenerated roots from the cut end of the taproot can become a major component of the architecture of the structural root system in nursery stock.Index words: structural roots, nursery production, root regeneration.Species used in this study: European black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall), quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), European white birch. (Betula pendula Roth), river birch (Betula nigra L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), northern catalpa (Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelm.), Mazzard cherry [Prunus avium [L.) L.], chokecherry (Prunus virginiana L.), American elm (Ulmus americana L.), Siberian elm (Ulmus pumilia L.), goldenchain tree (Laburnum anagyroides Medik.), northern hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.), Cockspur hawthorn (Crateagus crus-galli L.), single seed hawthorn (Crateagus monogyna Jacq.), honeylocust (Gleditsia tricanthos L.), Japanese pagodatree [Sophora japonica (L.) Schott], Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zucc.), Kentucky coffee tree [Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch], littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), boxelder (Acer negundo L.), hedge maple (Acer campestre L.), Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall), sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), English Oak (Quercus robur L.), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), Siberian peashrub (Caragana arborescens Lam.), American plum (Prunus Americana Marshall ), Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.), redbud (Cercis Canadensis L.), Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifoliaI L.), tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), Japanese zelkova (Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino).
XXY JOURNEY PROBLEMATIKA INDIVIDU INTERSEKS DALAM DRAWING DENGAN METODE AUTOETNOGRAFI
Authors: Rosselinni Chandra 
Published: December 2020

Keberadaan individu interseks berikut segala isu yang terkait dengan eksistensi mereka bukanlah hal yang baru dalam masyarakat, eksistensi interseks adalah sebuah kasus nyata dan bukan hanya dongeng tentang hermaprodit yang berasal dari mitologi Yunani. Pada abad 8 M, catatan keputusan hukum Islam membahas individu-individu yang dikenal dalam bahasa Arab sebagai khuntha dan PBB menyatakan sekitar 1,7% penduduk dunia adalah interseks. Dalam istilah Bahasa Indonesia, seringkali digunakan istilah kerancuan kelamin atau kelamin ganda. Interseks atau saat ini disebut DSD (Disorders of Sex Development). Latar belakang penulis yang terlahir interseks dengan kromosom 47XXY chromosome mosaicism penulis terdorong untuk berbagi pengalaman, mengalami sebagai individu interseks memaparkan kompleksitas dan problematika individu interseks dari masa anak-anak hingga dewasa, dengan pendekatan yaitu metode autoetnografi dalam penciptaan karya drawing dengan visual self portrait, penerapan metode Autoethografi juga dilakukan untuk memahami diri sendiri (self-narative) melalui penciptaan karya drawingKata kunci: Interseks, Autoetnografi, drawing.
CASTING: A METHOD OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA RECORDING IN SAVING THE NATIONAL CULTURAL HERITAGE HISTORY VALUES
Authors: Lanrawati Lenrawati 
Published: December 2020

Casting sebutan lain dari penggandaan dalam dunia arkeologi. Casting diartikan sebagai upaya untuk merekam data yang ada pada suatu benda arkeologi secara akurat dalam bentuk tiga dimensi sehingga seluruh ukuran dan permukaan akan sama dengan benda aslinya. Pembuatan casting ini, dilakukan secara manual dengan melalui tiga tahapan. Tahapan pertama dilakukan pembuatan cetakan pola negatif, tahapan kedua dilakukan pembuatan cetakan positif, dan tahapan ketiga pendinginan serta pewarnaan. Berbicara mengenai casting, maka akan berfikir bagaimana teknik casting pada benda cagar budaya yang berukuran 0-7 cm dan berukuran kurang lebih 1 meter. Pembuatan casting benda-benda arkeologi bertujuan untuk kepentingan ilmu pengetahuan, tindakan penyelamatan, bahan pameran atau sebagai alat peraga pendidikan. Metode yang dilakukan di antaranya, pengumpulan data, pengelompokan data dan bereksperimen terhadap benda yang akan di casting. Pembuatan casting benda cagar budaya memiliki tahapan yang berbeda, tergantung tingkat kesulitan benda tersebut. Pembuatan casting termasuk upaya pendokumentasian dalam pekerjaan penyelamatan terhadap benda meskipun fisik bendanya sudah mulai rapuh atau rusak.

Casting, a method of recreating an archaeological object, is intended to accurately record the existing data on that object from three-dimensional perspective. It allows the exactly same display as that of the original object. Generally speaking, casting consists of three manual stages: negative mold preparation, positive mold making and cooling and colorong. The current study focuses on objects measuring 0-7 cm and less than 1 meter. Making archaeological objects casting aims for the benefit of science, a heritage rescue, exhibition material or as educational aids. The methods employed in this research are data collection, data classification and actual experimenting on casting. The study indicates that casting has a wide range of processes, depending on the level of difficulty. Making casting is also an effort to recording in a work of saving objects even though the object has begun to become fragile or damaged.
Restrictions on Some Western Songs: A Counter Hegemony Effort by the West Java Regional Indonesian Broadcasting Commission
Authors: Ikhsano Andre , Stellarosa Yolanda 
Published: December 2020

Restriction on the broadcasting of 17 western songs considered full of sexual aspects in the Indonesian province of West Java has given rise to polemic and criticism. Various reactions, both negative and positive, emerged. Instead of supporting the restriction the Indonesian public appeared to blatantly oppose the policy made by the West Java Regional Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPID). It is interesting to analyze and study this phenomenon more deeply through the great concepts of Gramsci’s counter hegemony. Of course, a mature and strategic counter hegemony is needed to counter western music hegemony in the country. The study of counter hegemony has not been widely discussed, especially when it comes to the counter of the counter hegemony itself and this can be the novelty of this study. This phenomenon is analyzed through critical perspective by conducting literature study in several online media sites related to the topic of this research. The results show that the counter hegemony which was not carried out systematically and strategically with regard to the restrictions on the broadcasting of 17 western songs in the province of West Java did not yield a fruit in the form of the hegemony’s downfall. The hegemony of western songs remains strong. The failure of counter hegemony will strengthen the hegemony of western songs in Indonesia. For its part, it is necessary to have mature planning and strong collaboration between political society and civil society to make the counter hegemony run well in an attempt to undermine the hegemony.
About the imperial constitutions issued in Serdica. The imperial constitutions for the Orient and the Occident
Authors: Novkirishka-Stoyanova Malina 
Published: December 2020

Imperial constitutions make the basic source of Roman law in the period of the Principate or the Dominate. They present the Roman manner of unifying multicultural law of the Empire, consisting of various legislative practices and organization of the judiciary, in which it was necessary to solve different problems resulting from managing the state. Following the division of the Empire into the eastern and the western parts, there arose the problem of securing legal power of constitutions implemented by one of the rulers to be binding on the whole territory of the Empire still treated as one whole body. The analysis of the imperial constitutions introduced in the Serdica of old provides certain answers in this respect.The city appears to have been one of the temporal capitals of the Empire in the East, while awaiting Constantine who would confirm its key position by uttering the words: “Serdica mea Roma est”. In the years 2011-2012, in the University of Sofia there was a scientific project run, whose goal was to present the palingenesis of the imperial legislation enacted in Serdica as well as the position of the city in the period of late Empire. Apart from this, it was attempted to prove that the imperial law remained ‘alive’ in the uneasy period between the end to the 3rd century and the beginning of the 4th century. The analysis of the kinds of constitutions and their content allows us to discover the first stages of deep transformations of the Emperor’s power, which occurred at that time, as well as to get to know about the realization of the reforms launched by Diocletian and implemented until the rule of Constantine. First of all, we can see the picture of Emperor Constantine the Great – legislator, administrator, judge, who would promote abiding by the Emperor’s cult in the time when Christianity was winning more and more stable position in the Empire. The Edict of Tolerance, which was issued by Galerius in Serdica on 30 April 311 CE, should be regarded as the one laying the foundations of legislature favourable to Christians and, at the same time, opening the door to passing the Edict of Milan in 313 CE.
Umocowanie organów Państwowej Inspekcji Sanitarnej w obowiązującym systemie prawnym w kontekście utrzymania właściwego poziomu bezpieczeństwa sanitarnego
Authors: Sienkiewicz Małgorzata 
Published: December 2020

Artykuł zawiera analizę zadań realizowanych w obszarze zdrowia publicznego przez Państwową Inspekcję Sanitarną. Naczelną odpowiedzialnością Inspekcji jest przede wszystkim zachowanie właściwego poziomu bezpieczeństwa sanitarnego kraju. Realizacja tego zadania determinuje zakres kompetencji Państwowej Inspekcji Sanitarnej oraz jej wewnętrzną strukturę, które to zostały opisane w publikacji. Państwowy Inspektor Sanitarny to także kluczowy organ w strukturze administracji państwowej, która wykonuje zadania w ramach szczególnego reżimu prawnego stanu epidemii.
Dwie pierwsze nowożytne, europejskie konstytucje – podobieństwa i różnice
Authors: Wiązek Paweł 
Published: December 2020

Artykuł jest próbą porównania dwóch wyjątkowych, pionierskich aktów normatywnych torujących drogę rozwojowi współczesnego konstytucjonalizmu: Ustawy Rządowej z 3 maja 1791 r. oraz pierwszej francuskiej konstytucji monarchicznej, czyli Konstytucji Królestwa Francji z 3 września 1791 r. Autor nie ogranicza się jedynie do dogmatycznej interpretacji zawartych w nich przepisów, a jednocześnie stara się umiejętnie zastosować metodę badań porównawczych. Z konieczności wynikającej z ogromu przedmiotu badań autor musiał dokonać pewnego wyboru, poświęcając uwagę tym aspektom zagadnienia, które uznał za szczególnie ważne.
PENINGKATAN DAYA DUKUNG TIANG PANCANG DENGAN PERLAKUAN GEJALA ELEKTROKINETIK
Authors: Firmansyah - , Rustamaji R.M. , Priadi Eka , Alwi Abubakar 
Published: December 2020

Elektrokinetik adalah suatu gelaja akibat dari medan listrik melalui media porus. Medan listrik dihubungkan dengan ditimbulkan arus listrik searah (DC) secara langsung, yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk meningkatkan daya dukung tanah lunak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki peningkatan tahanan friksi suatu model fondasi tiang pancang ditanah lunak dengan pengaruh perlakuan gejala elektrokinetik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah pemancangan dilakukan dengan pengaruh gejala elektrokinetik dengan kuat arus dan waktu tertentu, berturut-turut meningkatkan daya dukung tanah. Rata-rata peningkatan daya dukung tiang tunggal yaitu untuk waktu tunggu 3 hari sebesar284,679 kg, waktu tunggu 7 hari sebesar 348,443 kg, dan waktu tunggu 15 hari sebesar 380,918 kg.
Cemaran Eshericia coli dalam makanan laut yang beredar di pasar tradisional Kota Pontian
Authors: Sari Rafika , Apridamayanti Pratiwi 
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang: Makanan laut merupakan salah satu jenis makanan yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat selain sebagai komoditi ekspor. Mengkonsumsi makanan laut yang telah terkontaminasi bakteri hidup atau toksin yang dihasilkannya dapat menyebabkan keracunan makanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya kontaminasi bakteri koliform E.coli sebagai indikator pencemaran pada makanan laut dan memberikan informasi kelayakan dan keamanan konsumsi dari makanan laut di dua pasar tradisional terbesar di daerah Pontianak. Metode: Sampel yang digunakan adalah ikan, sotong dan udang. Penelitian terhadap sampel dilakukan menggunakan uji Most Probable Number (MPN) yang dilengkapi dengan uji biokimia untuk mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri pada sampel melalui penanaman bakteri pada media agar Lactose Broth (LB) dan Briliant Green Lactose Bile Broth (BGLB). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bakteri koliform E.coli terdeteksi pada 100% sampel dengan nilai MPN yang tidak memenuhi kriteria kelayakan konsumsi, yakni >3/g. Kesimpulan: Makanan yang ada tidak memenuhi kriteria kelayakan konsumsi.