bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of thermoplastic resin transfer molding process and flame surface treatment on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composite
Authors: Lee Jungwoo , Lim Jun Woo , Kim Minkook 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T‐RTM) process for carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites (CFRTP) were experimentally investigated and optimized using high‐pressure resin transfer molding system for mass production. The CFRTP was manufactured by Anionic ring opening polymerization of the T‐RTM process and the curing process was analyzed by in situ cure monitoring using dielectrometry. Mechanical properties, productivity, and crystal structures of the PA 6 matrix and CFRTP were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction analysis, tensile, and interlaminar shear strength tests. The crystallinity, impregnation quality and process speed were determined by the curing temperature. In addition, a time‐ and cost‐effective flame surface treatment was developed to remove moisture from the carbon fiber and increase the interfacial bonding strength of the CFRTP. As a result, optimal T‐RTM processing conditions were suggested for realizing maximum productivity and mechanical properties for the CFRTP.
Machine Learning Line Bundle Cohomology
Authors: Brodie Callum R. , Constantin Andrei , Deen Rehan , Lukas Andre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigate different approaches to machine learning of line bundle cohomology on complex surfaces as well as on Calabi‐Yau three‐folds. Standard function learning based on simple fully connected networks with logistic sigmoids is reviewed and its main features and shortcomings are discussed. It has been observed recently that line bundle cohomology can be described by dividing the Picard lattice into certain regions in each of which the cohomology dimension is described by a polynomial formula. Based on this structure, we set up a network capable of identifying the regions and their associated polynomials, thereby effectively generating a conjecture for the correct cohomology formula. For complex surfaces, we also set up a network which learns certain rigid divisors which appear in a recently discovered master formula for cohomology dimensions.
The awareness of the Jordanian population about OTC medications: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Taybeh Esra’ , Al‐Alami Zina , Alsous Mervat , Rizik Mai , Alkhateeb Zakaria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to the shortage of literature related to the safe use of over‐the‐counter (OTC) products by patients worldwide, the aim of this study was to evaluate people's knowledge and attitudes regarding the use of OTC products in Jordan. Using an internet‐based questionnaire mainly spread through social media platforms, a descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted with Jordanian candidates who consume OTC products. A total of 274 OTC product users answered the survey questions. The results showed that analgesics were the most commonly used OTC products among the participants (50.4%). The majority used the OTC products only as needed rather than on a regular basis. Only 42.4% of the participants sought a pharmacist's help in determining the dose of the OTC medicine. Most of the participants were very interested in reading a patient information leaflet (80.3%) and the side effects and contraindications (89.5%). The majority of participants agreed that antibiotics have to be prescribed (68.5%), and anti‐allergy medications should not be used as sleep aid medications (75.0%). About 53.4% thought that OTCs are sometimes enough to treat their health conditions without the need to follow‐up with a physician. A chi‐square analysis showed an association between gender, age, educational level and having a family member in the medical field and OTC products knowledge among Jordanians. Females, for example, were more interested in reading leaflet, checking production and expiry dates, knowing adverse effects, and appropriate storage conditions (P < .001, 0.022, 0.003, 0.007, respectively). We concluded that a good level of knowledge on the use of OTC products among the study population was identified in the present study.
How environmental orientation influences firm performance: The missing link of green supply chain integration
Authors: Zhou Cong , Xia Weili , Feng Taiwen , Jiang Jijiao , He Qingsong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough the importance of environmental orientation has been recognized, how it affects firm performance remains unclear. Drawing on resource dependence theory, we explore how environmental orientation affects firm performance via green supply chain integration and the moderating effect of technology turbulence. We test hypotheses using hierarchical regression analysis by collecting data from 264 Chinese firms. The results reveal that both external environmental orientation and internal environmental orientation are positively related to green supply chain integration. Furthermore, green supply chain integration partially mediates the relationships between external environmental orientation and two types of firm performance and fully mediates the relationships between internal environmental orientation and two types of firm performance. The results also indicate that technology turbulence negatively moderates the relationship between internal environmental orientation and green supply chain integration and positively moderates that between external environmental orientation and green supply chain integration. This article contributes to green supply chain integration theory and practices by providing novel insights into how environmental orientation influences firm performance.
tRNA introns: Presence, processing, and purpose
Authors: Schmidt Casey A. , Matera A. Gregory 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe presence of introns in both protein‐coding and noncoding RNA transcripts is a fascinating phenomenon. It seems counterintuitive that an organism would devote precious time and energy to removing a nucleic acid sequence that will not be present in the final product. Nevertheless, introns (including self‐splicing ones) are clearly important components of the basic cellular process of gene expression. Transfer RNA (tRNA) introns have been detected in all three kingdoms of life, and their precise removal is crucial for tRNA function. Of particular interest to this review are the tRNA intronic circular RNAs (tricRNAs) that form during metazoan tRNA splicing. In animal cells, these ultrastable introns form a novel class of noncoding RNA. Here, we summarize established knowledge and describe new findings in the field of tRNA splicing.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Processing > tRNA Processing
Views of veterinarians and meat inspectors concerning the practical application of visual meat inspection on domestic pigs in Finland
Authors: Laukkanen-Ninios Riikka , Rahkila Riitta , Oivanen Leena , Wirta Eeva-Riitta , Fredriksson-Ahomaa Maria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe post-mortem inspection of domestic pigs within the European Union was revised in 2014, primarily to include visual meat inspection of each carcase and offal. Palpations and incisions were removed from routine meat inspection procedures, as they are mostly used to detect pathological lesions caused by organisms irrelevant for public health, and instead can cause cross-contamination of carcases with foodborne pathogens. However, examination of all external surfaces of the carcase and organs, declaration of patho-physiological lesions as unfit for human consumption, and possibility for minimal handling of carcases and offals were held in place. In addition, the European Food Safety Authority suggested that palpation and incisions should be performed outside the slaughter line, but this was not incorporated in the revised legislation. We surveyed in 2014 the opinions of meat inspectors and veterinarians using an online questionnaire to determine what practical measures are required for the visual meat inspection procedure and when meat inspection staff consider additional palpations and incisions necessary. Based on the survey, turning the carcase and organs or technical arrangements such as mirrors were seen necessary to view all external surfaces. In addition, the pluck set cannot be trimmed on the side line. Local lesions, such as abscesses and lesions in the lymph nodes, signs of systemic infection and lymphoma, were the major lesions requiring additional post-mortem meat inspection procedures. Meat inspection personnel raised concerns on the poor quality of food chain information and export requirements demanding palpations and incisions. The efficient use of visual meat inspection requires legislation to better support the implementation and application of it, changes in the slaughter line layout and a possibility to classify incoming pig batches based on their risk.
Behind the pathology of macrophage-associated demyelination in inflammatory neuropathies: demyelinating Schwann cells
Authors: Park Hwan Tae , Kim Young Hee , Lee Kyung Eun , Kim Jong Kuk 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn inflammatory peripheral demyelinating disorders, demyelination represents segmental demyelination in which the myelin sheath of a myelinating Schwann cell (SC) is completely removed by macrophages or a partial myelin degeneration in the paranode occurring due to autoantibodies attacking the node/paranode. For the segmental demyelination from living myelin-forming SCs, macrophages infiltrate within the endoneurium and insinuate between myelin lamellae and the cytoplasm of SCs, and the myelin is then removed via phagocytosis. During the macrophage invasion into the SC cytoplasm from the node of Ranvier and internodal areas, the attacked SCs do not remain quiescent but transdifferentiate into inflammatory demyelinating SCs (iDSCs), which exhibit unique demyelination pathologies, such as myelin uncompaction from Schmidt-Lanterman incisures with myelin lamellae degeneration. The longitudinal extension of this self-myelin clearance process of iDSCs into the nodal region is associated with the degeneration of nodal microvilli and paranodal loops, which provides a potential locus for macrophage infiltration. In addition to the nodal intrusion, macrophages appear to be able to invade fenestrated internodal plasma membrane or the degenerated outer mesaxon of iDSC. These SC demyelination morphologies indicate that the SC reprogramming to iDSCs may be a prerequisite for macrophage-mediated inflammatory demyelination. In contrast, paranodal demyelination caused by autoantibodies to nodal/paranodal antigens does not result in iDSC-dependent macrophage infiltration and subsequent segmental demyelination. In the context of inflammatory demyelination, the novel perspective of iDSCs provides an important viewpoint to understand the pathophysiology of demyelinating peripheral neuropathies and establish diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Agonist-specific desensitization of PGE2-stimulated cAMP signaling due to upregulated phosphodiesterase expression in human lung fibroblasts
Authors: Nunez Francisco J. , Schulte Nancy A. , Fogel David M. , Michalski Joel , Rennard Stephen I. , Penn Raymond B. , Toews Myron L. , Ostrom Rennolds S 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis is characterized by fibroblasts persisting in an activated form, producing excessive fibrous material that destroys alveolar structure. The second messenger molecule cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) has antifibrotic properties, and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) can stimulate cAMP production through prostaglandin E (EP)2and EP4receptors. Although EP receptors are attractive therapeutic targets, the effects of long-term exposure to PGE2have not been characterized. To determine the effects of long-term exposure of lung fibroblasts to PGE2, human fetal lung (HFL)-1 cells were treated for 24 h with 100 nM PGE2or other cAMP-elevating agents. cAMP levels stimulated by acute exposure to PGE2were measured using a fluorescent biosensor. Pretreatment for 24 h with PGE2shifted the concentration-response curve to PGE2rightward by approximately 22-fold but did not affect responses to the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol. Neither isoproterenol nor forskolin pretreatment altered PGE2responses, implying that other cAMP-elevating agents do not induce desensitization. Use of EP2- and EP4-selective agonists and antagonists suggested that PGE2-stimulated cAMP responses in HFL-1 cells are mediated by EP2receptors. EP2receptors are resistant to classical mechanisms of agonist-specific receptor desensitization, so we hypothesized that increased PDE activity mediates the loss of signaling after PGE2pretreatment. PGE2treatment upregulated messenger RNA for PDE3A, PDE3B, PDE4B, and PDE4D and increased overall PDE activity. The PDE4 inhibitor rolipram partially reversed PGE2-mediated desensitization and PDE4 activity was increased, but rolipram did not alter responses to isoproterenol. The PDE3 inhibitor cilostazol had minimal effect. These results show that long-term exposure to PGE2causes agonist-specific desensitization of EP2receptor-stimulated cAMP signaling through the increased expression of PDE isozymes, most likely of the PDE4 family.
Staging and quantification of florbetaben PET images using machine learning: impact of predicted regional cortical tracer uptake and amyloid stage on clinical outcomes
Authors: Kim Jun Pyo , Kim Jeonghun , Kim Yeshin , Moon Seung Hwan , Park Yu Hyun , Yoo Sole , Jang Hyemin , Kim Hee Jin , Na Duk L. , Seo Sang Won , Seong Joon-Kyung 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
We developed a machine learning–based classifier for in vivo amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) staging, quantified cortical uptake of the PET tracer by using a machine learning method, and investigated the impact of these amyloid PET parameters on clinical and structural outcomes.

Methods
A total of 337 18F-florbetaben PET scans obtained at Samsung Medical Center were assessed. We defined a feature vector representing the change in PET tracer uptake from grey to white matter. Using support vector machine (SVM) regression and SVM classification, we quantified the cortical uptake as predicted regional cortical tracer uptake (pRCTU) and categorised the scans as positive and negative. Positive scans were further classified into two stages according to the striatal uptake. We compared outcome parameters among stages and further assessed the association between the pRCTU and outcome variables. Finally, we performed path analysis to determine mediation effects between PET variables.

Results
The classification accuracy was 97.3% for cortical amyloid positivity and 91.1% for striatal positivity. The left frontal and precuneus/posterior cingulate regions, as well as the anterior portion of the striatum, were important in determination of stages. The clinical scores and magnetic resonance imaging parameters showed negative associations with PET stage. However, except for the hippocampal volume, most outcomes were associated with the stage through the complete mediation effect of pRCTU.

Conclusion
Using a machine learning algorithm, we achieved high accuracy for in vivo amyloid PET staging. The in vivo amyloid stage was associated with cognitive function and cerebral atrophy mostly through the mediation effect of cortical amyloid.
Novel prognostic model for stratifying survival in stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Liu Di-Han , Ye Zheng-Hao , Chen Si , Sun Xue-Song , Hou Jing-Yu , Zhao Ze-Rui , Long Hao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
We combined conventional clinical and pathological characteristics and pathological architectural grading scores to develop a prognostic model to identify a specific group of patients with stage I lung adenocarcinomas with poor survival following surgery.

Methods
This retrospective study included 198 patients with stage I lung adenocarcinomas recruited from 2004 to 2013. Multivariate analyses were used to confirm independent risk factors, which were checked for internal validity using the bootstrapping method. The prognostic scores, derived from β-coefficients using the Cox regression model, classified patients into high- and low-risk groups. The predictive performance and discriminative ability of the model were assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), concordance index (C-index) and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses.

Results
Three risk factors were identified: T2 (rounding of β-coefficients = 81), necrosis (rounding of β-coefficients = 67), and pathological architectural score of 5–6 (rounding of β-coefficients = 58). The final prognostic score was the sum of points. The derived prognostic scores stratified patients into low- (score ≤ 103) and high- (score > 103) risk groups, with significant differences in 5-year overall survival (high vs. low risk: 49.3% vs. 88.0%, respectively; hazard ratio: 4.55; p < 0.001). The AUC for the proposed model was 0.717. The C-index of the model was 0.693.

Conclusion
An integrated prognostic model was developed to discriminate resected stage I adenocarcinoma patients into low- and high-risk groups, which will help clinicians select individual treatment strategies.
Recent disruptions in the timing and intensity of precipitation in Calakmul, Mexico
Authors: Mardero Sofia , Schmook Birgit , Christman Zachary , Metcalfe Sarah E. , De la Barreda-Bautista Betsabé 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study addresses changes in the timing and intensity of precipitation from 1982 to 2016 from three meteorological stations around Calakmul, Mexico, a landscape balancing biodiversity conservation and smallholder agricultural production. Five methods were used to assess changes in precipitation: the Mann-Kendall test of annual and wet season trends; a fuzzy-logic approach to determine the onset of the rainy season; the Gini Index and Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) to evaluate the temporal distribution of precipitation; Simple Precipitation Intensity Index (SDII) to evaluate precipitation intensity; and the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) to identify the deficit or surplus of rainfall compared with the long-term mean. Overall, rainfall trends in Calakmul over this period indicate a slight increase, though results of the indices (Gini, SDII, PCI) all indicate that rainfall has become more intense and more unevenly distributed throughout the year. There was no significant trend in the onset date of rainfall or the RAI overall, though there were more pronounced crests and troughs from 2004 to 2016. Higher interannual variability and more pronounced rainfall anomalies, both positive and negative, suggest that rainfall in the Calakmul region has become more extreme. This research informs for management and livelihood strategies in the local region and offers insights for analyses of regional patterns of seasonal precipitation events in tropical landscapes worldwide.
Impact of ribotype on Clostridioides difficile diagnostics
Authors: Rizzardi Kristina , Åkerlund Thomas , Norén Torbjörn , Matussek Andreas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the performance of diagnostic methods for detection of Clostridioides difficile infection in Sweden, including impact of PCR ribotype on diagnostic performance. Between 2011 and 2016, a total of 17,878 stool samples from 26 laboratories were tested by either well-type enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), membrane bound EIAs, cell cytotoxicity neutralization assay (CTA), or nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and subsequently cultured for C. difficile. Roughly half of the samples (9454/17878) were subjected to diagnostic testing both on the fecal sample and on the 1323 isolated C. difficile strains. All C. difficile isolates were typed by PCR ribotyping, and the isolates were classified as toxigenic or non-toxigenic based on the empirical knowledge of the association between toxin-positivity and ribotype. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were highest for NAATs and membrane EIAs. Ribotype-specific sensitivity varied greatly between methods and ribotypes. All methods had 100% sensitivity against ribotype 027 and 013. For other types, the sensitivity ranged from 33 to 85% in fecal samples and from 78 to 100% on isolates. For the most prevalent ribotypes (014, 020, and 001), the sensitivity varied between 38 and 100% in the fecal samples, with the lowest sensitivity observed for well-type EIAs and CTA. The large variation in diagnostic sensitivity implies that type distribution significantly affects the outcome when evaluating diagnostic performance. Furthermore, performing comparative studies of diagnostic tests in settings with high prevalence of ribotype 027 will overestimate the general performance of diagnostic tests.
Evidence for the critical role of the PI3K signaling pathway in particulate matter-induced dysregulation of the inflammatory mediators COX-2/PGE2 and the associated epithelial barrier protein Filaggrin in the bronchial epithelium
Authors: Song Chenjian , Liu Lingjing , Chen Junjie , Hu Yiran , Li Jingli , Wang Beibei , Bellusci Saverio , Chen Chengshui , Dong Nian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) is an environmental pollutant closely associated with human airway inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms of PM-related airway inflammation remains to be fully elucidated. It is known that COX-2/PGE2 play key roles in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation. Filaggrin is a transmembrane protein contributing to tight junction barrier function. As such, Filaggrin prevents leakage of transported solutes and is therefore necessary for the maintenance of epithelial integrity. The objective of the present study was to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of COX-2/PGE2 and Filaggrin upon PM exposure both in vivo and in vitro. C57BL/6 mice received intratracheal instillation of PM for two consecutive days. In parallel, human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were exposed to PM for 24 h. PM exposure resulted in airway inflammation together with upregulation of COX-2/PGE2 and downregulation of Filaggrin in mouse lungs. Corresponding dysregulation of COX-2/PGE2 and Filaggrin was also observed in HBECs subjected to PM. PM exposure led to the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and PI3K signaling pathways in a time-dependent manner, while blockade of PI3K with the specific molecular inhibitor LY294002 partially reversed the dysregulation of COX-2/PGE2 and Filaggrin. Moreover, pretreatment of HBECs with NS398, a specific molecular inhibitor of COX-2, and AH6809, a downstream PGE2 receptor inhibitor, reversed the downregulation of Filaggrin upon PM exposure. Taken together, these data demonstrated that the PI3K signaling pathway upregulated COX-2 as well as PGE2 and acted as a pivotal mediator in the downregulation of Filaggrin.