bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual centred social‐care approach: Using computer tomography to assess a traumatic brain injury in an Iron Age individual from China
Authors: Li Haijun , He Letian , Gibbon Victoria E. , Xiao Xiaoyong , Wang Bo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn bioarchaeology, cranial trauma studies generally have focused on the frequency in the population to explore violence within or between society. They focus less on further discussion of the consequences and interactions of the injured individual with the surrounding. In this study, macroscopic observation and computed tomography scans (endocast reconstruction) were used to explore a special cranium in the Sampula site of northwest China. The model of bioarchaeology of care (BoC) was used to further analyse the individual's disability experience, related health care and the broader social meaning of caring behaviour. The results showed that the individual numbered Sampula I M2:103 was an adult male who suffered severe antemortem cranial trauma that led to brain injury. Short‐term health care involving wound treatment and nutritional support, as well as long‐term assistance in social and rehabilitation, was available in the Sampula Iron Age society. Although there were limitations to the analysis, the individual's ability to survive in the Iron Age was a testament to those who cared for him, as well as the level of care and medicinal knowledge in this society. The BoC allowed for a more human‐centred approach to understanding the lives of those in the past, and its application can provide more insight into past societies, cultures, groups and individual identity.
miRNA‐200c‐3p promotes endothelial to mesenchymal transition and neointimal hyperplasia in artery bypass grafts
Authors: Chen Dan , Zhang Cheng , Chen Jiangyong , Yang Mei , Afzal Tayyab A , An Weiwei , Maguire Eithne M , He Shiping , Luo Jun , Wang Xiaowen , Zhao Yu , Wu Qingchen , Xiao Qingzhong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence has suggested a critical role for endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in a variety of pathological conditions. MicroRNA‐200c‐3p (miR‐200c‐3p) has been implicated in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. However, the functional role of miR‐200c‐3p in EndoMT and neointimal hyperplasia in artery bypass grafts remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrated a critical role for miR‐200c‐3p in EndoMT. Proteomics and luciferase activity assays revealed that fermitin family member 2 (FERM2) is the functional target of miR‐200c‐3p during EndoMT. FERMT2 gene inactivation recapitulates the effect of miR‐200c‐3p overexpression on EndoMT, and the inhibitory effect of miR‐200c‐3p inhibition on EndoMT was reversed by FERMT2 knockdown. Further mechanistic studies revealed that FERM2 suppresses smooth muscle gene expression by preventing serum response factor nuclear translocation and preventing endothelial mRNA decay by interacting with Y‐box binding protein 1. In a model of aortic grafting using endothelial lineage tracing, we observed that miR‐200c‐3p expression was dramatically up‐regulated, and that EndoMT contributed to neointimal hyperplasia in grafted arteries. MiR‐200c‐3p inhibition in grafted arteries significantly up‐regulated FERM2 gene expression, thereby preventing EndoMT and reducing neointimal formation. Importantly, we found a high level of EndoMT in human femoral arteries with atherosclerotic lesions, and that miR‐200c‐3p expression was significantly increased, while FERMT2 expression levels were dramatically decreased in diseased human arteries. Collectively, we have documented an unexpected role for miR‐200c‐3p in EndoMT and neointimal hyperplasia in grafted arteries. Our findings offer a novel therapeutic opportunity for treating vascular diseases by specifically targeting the miR‐200c‐3p/FERM2 regulatory axis. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Hybrids nanocomposites based on a polymer blend (linear low‐density polyethylene/poly(ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate) and carbonaceous fillers (graphene and carbon nanotube)
Authors: Nunes Mário A. B. S. , de Matos Bruno R. , Silva Glaura G. , Ito Edson N. , de Melo Tomás J. A. , Fechine Guilhermino J. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInterfacial or separate phase location of carbonaceous nanofillers (graphene and carbon nanotubes) in polymer blends with co‐continuous phases can lead to double percolation behavior, significantly increasing rheological and electrical properties. The prediction of the morphology and the location of the nanofillers has been used as a tool to evaluate the proprieties of co‐continuous polymer blends. This work aims to highlight the superior conductivity levels achieved using a low amount of carbon‐based fillers, by the proper selection in a multiphase polymer matrix as a template for controlled dispersion and spatial distribution of the nanoparticles, offering a compromise between easy processability and enhanced performance. Here, two polymers (linear low‐density polyethylene [LLDPE] and ethylene‐co‐methylacrylate [EMA]) and their co‐continuous blend (LLDPE/EMA) were loaded with nanofillers (few‐layer graphene [FLG], few‐walled carbon nanotube [FWCNT]) via continuous melt mixing in twin‐screw extrusion, separate and simultaneously. It was observed that the addition of the nanofillers changed the co‐continuity of the blend, with the probable migration of the nanofillers from the EMA (hydrophilic) phase to the LLDPE (hydrophobic) phase. Rheological percolation occurred preferentially in blends containing FWCNT and FLG/FWCNT. Electrical conductivity was observed in all compositions, with higher electrical conductivity being noticed in hybrids.
Introduction to the special issue: School and life experiences of highly mobile students: Phenomenology, risk, and resilience
Authors: Sulkowski Michael L. , Michael Kurt D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article introduces a special issue on the school and life experiences of highly mobile students. In it, the phenomenology of high mobility is described as well as the current state of research on subpopulations of highly mobile students. In addition, the risk and resilience framework is invoked as a general theoretical crosscurrent that cuts across the articles included in the special issue that provide novel research on environmental instability, student homelessness, foster care experiences, relocation because of war, and trauma‐ and violence‐informed care. Lastly, areas for future research are discussed as highly mobile students remain an understudied yet important and growing population in need of empirical investigation and supportive intervention.
Tuning novel Cd(II) topology networks through choosing three neutral and zwitterionic N/O‐donor ligands: Synthesis, structures, and fluorescence
Authors: Zhao Zhen‐Xin , Zhao Gao‐Li , Lu Bing‐Xue , Zhang Hao‐Hao , Li Gao‐Sheng , Wang Li‐Fu , Cui Cheng‐Xing , Qu Ling‐Bo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThree new CdII coordination polymers (CPs) have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of Cd(OAc)2, 1,2,5‐thiadiazole‐3,4‐dicarboxylic acid (H2tdzdc), and distinct N/O‐donor ligands. They exhibit two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) structures with different topology networks including rob, zzx, and cem. The introduction of 4,4‐bipyridine (4,4‐bipy), [4,4‐bipyridine]1,1‐dioxide (Obpy), and 1,4‐bis((1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl)benzene (tmb) is a favor for the construction of interpenetrated networks. Moreover, the luminescent properties of 1, 2, and 3 have been investigated in detail by experiment and theoretical methods. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the electron would be transferred from metal to ligand in the excitation of compound 3.
The Self‐Tuning of the Cosmological Constant and the Holographic Relaxion
Authors: Hamada Yuta , Kiritsis Elias , Nitti Francesco , Witkowski Lukas T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe propose a brane‐world setup based on gauge/gravity duality that permits the simultaneous realisation of self‐tuning of the cosmological constant and a stabilisation of the electroweak hierarchy. The Standard Model dynamics including the Higgs sector is confined to a flat 4‐dimensional brane, embedded in a 5‐dimensional bulk whose dynamics is governed by Einstein‐dilaton‐axion gravity. The inclusion of a dynamical bulk axion is new compared to previous implementations of the self‐tuning mechanism. Because of the presence of the axion, the model generically exhibits a multitude of static solutions, with different values for the equilibrium position for the brane. Under mild assumptions regarding the dependence of brane parameters on bulk fields, a number of these solutions exhibit electroweak symmetry breaking with a small Higgs mass as compared to the cutoff‐scale of the brane theory. The realisation of self‐tuning of the cosmological constant is generic and as efficient as in previous constructions without a bulk axion. Vacua with a small Higgs mass can sometimes be found, regardless of whether the brane theory depends explicitly on the bulk axion. Because it is expected on general principles that the brane action will depend on the axion, the generation of solutions with a hierarchy is a robust feature.
Evaluation of claims‐based computable phenotypes to identify heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Cohen Sarah S. , Roger Véronique L. , Weston Susan A. , Jiang Ruoxiang , Movva Naimisha , Yusuf Akeem A. , Chamberlain Alanna M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this analysis was to develop and validate computable phenotypes for heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) using claims‐type measures using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. This retrospective study utilized an existing cohort of Olmsted County, Minnesota residents aged ≥ 20 years diagnosed with HF between 2007 and 2015. The gold standard definition of HFpEF included meeting the validated Framingham criteria for HF and having an LVEF ≥ 50%. Computable phenotypes of claims‐type data elements (including ICD‐9/ICD‐10 diagnostic codes and lab test codes) both individually and in combinations were assessed via sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) with respect to the gold standard. In the Framingham‐validated cohort, 2,035 patients had HF; 1,172 (58%) had HFpEF. One in‐patient or two out‐patient diagnosis codes of ICD‐9 428.3X or ICD‐10 I50.3X had 46% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 84% PPV, and 54% NPV. The addition of a BNP/NT‐proBNP test code reduced sensitivity to 35% while increasing specificity to 91% (PPV = 84%, NPV = 51%). Broadening the diagnostic codes to ICD‐9 428.0, 428.3X, and 428.9/ICD‐10 I50.3X and I50.9 increased sensitivity at the expense of decreasing specificity (diagnostic code‐only model: 87% sensitivity, 8% specificity, 56% PPV, 30% NPV; diagnostic code and BNP lab code model: 61% sensitivity, 43% specificity, 60% PPV, 45% NPV). In an analysis conducted to mimic real‐world use of the computable phenotypes, any one in‐patient or out‐patient code of ICD‐9 428/ICD‐10 150 among the broader population (N = 3,755) resulted in lower PPV values compared with the Framingham cohort. However, one in‐patient or two out‐patient instances of ICD‐9 428.0, 428.9, or 428.3X/ICD‐10 150.3X or 150.9 brought the PPV values from the two cohorts closer together. While some misclassification remains, the computable phenotypes defined here may be used in claims databases to identify HFpEF patients and to gain a greater understanding of the characteristics of patients with HFpEF.
Detection and structural characterization of the metabolites of dihydroresveratrol in rats by liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ji Qiang‐Guo , Ma Ming‐Hua , Hu Xue‐Mei , Zhang Yi‐Jun , Xu Xiao‐Hong , Nian Hua 
Published: October 2020

RationaleDihydroresveratrol has been demonstrated to possess a wide spectrum of bioactivities, such as anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic profiles of dihydroresveratrol in rats.MethodsThe in vitro metabolism was elucidated by incubating dihydroresveratrol with rat hepatocytes for 2 h at 37°C. For in vivo metabolism, dihydroresveratrol was orally administered to rats at a single dose of 50 mg/kg and the resulting biliary and urinary samples were collected. All the samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The structures of the metabolites were proposed based on their accurate masses and their MS/MS product ions.ResultsA total of 16 metabolites including three phase I metabolites and 13 phase II metabolites were detected and structurally proposed. Among these metabolites, M6 and M14 were unambiguously identified as 3′‐hydroxylresveratrol and resveratrol, respectively, using reference standards. Dihydroresveratrol was mainly metabolized into resveratrol (M14) and a glucuronide conjugate (M12), which were excreted into urine and bile as the major metabolites.ConclusionsThe metabolic pathways of dihydroresveratrol involved hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, glucuronidation, glutathione (GSH) conjugation and methylation. The present study provided useful information with regard to the metabolic profiles of dihydroresveratrol in rats.
Magnetic resonance imaging and transrectal ultrasound prostate image segmentation based on improved level set for robotic prostate biopsy navigation
Authors: Wang Weirong , Pan Bo , Yan Jiawen , Fu Yili , Liu Yanjie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTransrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy is a typical early prostate examination. However, the ultrasound imaging suffers from blurred contour, intensity inhomogeneity and small surrounding soft tissue differentiation. To take advantage of clear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into robotic prostate biopsy navigation, the prostate regions in the MRI and TRUS images need to be segmented separately. This paper proposes an improved level set segmentation model based on prior shape, which aims to provide a better solution to the prostate segmentation problems in TRUS and MRI.MethodsIn our segmentation model, the Gaussian probability model is used to establish the statistical learning of the prior shape, and the cosine function is used to represent the energy term fitting of the traditional prior shape and the local intensity information.ResultsThe experiment results show that the model can adapt to different forms of prostate in MRI and TRUS more accurately, and the prostate biopsy accuracy in our biopsy system can reach 2.24 ± 1.44 mm.ConclusionThis segmentation model has high accuracy, meets the clinical needs in robotic prostate biopsy navigation.
Male advantage observed for in vitro fertilization mouse embryos exhibiting early cleavage
Authors: Kawase Yosuke , Tachibe Takanori , Kamada Nobuo , Jishage Kou‐ichi , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeMouse embryos forming blastocoele early vs those forming late are predominantly male. We examined whether the male advantage could be recognized at an earlier stage of development.MethodsThe IVF embryos were classified into early, intermediate, and late development groups based on the time of the third cleavage, and the Zfy and Xist genes were detected to identify their sex in the classified embryos. Furthermore, embryos that were classified based on the time of the third cleavage were transferred to recipient animals and the sex ratio of the fetuses was determined at birth.ResultsApproximately 90% of the early‐developing embryos that exhibited third cleavage as early as 47 hours after insemination were male when analyzed using PCR at the blastocyst stage. PCR analysis showed that 61% of the intermediate‐developing embryos (third cleavage occurring 48‐50 hours after insemination) and 45% of late‐developing embryos (third cleavage occurring at 51 hours or later postinsemination) were male. After embryo transfer, the early‐developing embryos produced 80% males, while intermediate‐ and late‐developing embryos produced 56% and 45% males, respectively.ConclusionsMale embryos tend to develop faster than female embryos during early stage of preimplantation in mice.
Effects of obstacles and flow velocity on locomotory behavior in juvenile, silver carp,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Authors: Ke Senfan , Tu Zhiying , Tan Junjun , Liu Defu , Sun Shuangke , Shi Xiaotao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe currently have only a minimal understanding of energy‐saving strategies of fish in unsteady flows. In this study, we found that obstacle shape can affect swimming ability of fish: our results suggested that a half cylinder improved critical swimming speed of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) compared with swimming downstream of a full cylinder, square tube or for free‐flow conditions. We also discovered how silver carp alter their locomotory behavior in response to turbulent flow caused by varying flow velocities around obstacles. At a flow velocity of 1 BL/s (body length per second), the fish spent similar percentages of time between holding station and moving forward behind the half cylinder: their motions resembled freestream swimming behavior. The greatest percentage of time spent downstream of the half cylinder occurred at a flow velocity of 5 BL/s. Fish were unstable and displayed irregular body motions with large lateral displacement at 5 BL/s. However, the fish held station for a long time and moved forward steadily behind the half cylinder at 3 BL/s. In holding station behind the half cylinder, fish maintained constant tail‐beat frequency and tail‐ beat amplitude when flow velocity was increased from 1 to 3 BL/s. In moving forward behind the half cylinder, fish increased tail‐beat frequency and tail‐beat amplitude while maintaining constant ground swimming speed, swimming acceleration and ground stride when flow velocity was increased from 3 to 5 BL/s. Moreover, fish positioned their snouts in a small area approximately 1–3 BL downstream from the half cylinder at 3 BL/s. These behaviors support the hypothesis that turbulence behind a half cylinder was a suitable location for fish to conserve energy at 3 BL/s. Our results indicate that the combined effect of obstacles and flow velocity influence fish locomotory behavior, and some combinations may be beneficial to fish energy expenditure swimming in unsteady flow.
Amino‐Acid‐Derived Emerging Sensor for Detection of S2− Ion and MeOH Percentage in MeOH‐H2O Mixture
Authors: Malviya Novina , Rajput Mahima , Mobin Shaikh M. , Mukhopadhyay Suman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDesigning fluorescent probes and its metal‐organic materials getting attention due to their fascinating utility in several fields from material to biology. Here, we synthesized N‐phenyl glycine substituted four new fluorescent probes viz. (2‐cyanophenyl)glycine [HL1], (5‐chloro‐2‐cyanophenyl)glycine [HL2], (4‐chloro‐2‐cyanophenyl)glycine [HL3], (2‐cyano‐3‐fluorophenyl)glycine [HL4] and investigated its properties through spectroscopic techniques. Out of all probes, HL1 displayed non‐emissive nature in the presence of water and uniquely detect the percentage of methanol in the methanol‐water mixture or vice‐versa out of the different solvent‐water mixture with the help of fluorometric technique. Furthermore, cobalt complex [Co(L1)(phen)2]ClO4 (C1) with distorted octahedral geometry has been synthesized by using HL1. The emissive nature of the complex C1 was further utilized for the selective sensing of S2− ion in the DMSO‐water mixture by quenching the fluorescence with a detection limit of 4.8 μM. The selective solvent percentage detection and anion sensing illustrate the potential efficacy of the designed sensors for analytical intent.
On the Electronic Origins of the Different Behaviors of S+ and S2+/2+ in Methane Activation
Authors: Yu Mincheng , Ruan Jiancheng , Qian Chao , Chen Xinzhi , Ge Xin , Zhou Shaodong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe thermal gas‐phase reactions of S+, S2+ and S22+ with methane have been explored by using quadrupole‐ion trap (Q‐IT) mass spectrometry complemented by quantum chemical calculations. In contrast to the reactiveness of the S+/CH4 and S22+/CH4 couples as identified by experiment and computation, respectively, the S2+/CH4 couple is inert at ambient temperature. Interestingly, the hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) prevails for S+/CH4 and proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) for S2+/CH4, while both PCET and hydride transfer (HT) are accessible for S22+/CH4. Multiple factors matter for these processes. The electronic origins of the different reactivities of the three ions have been interrogated.
Synthesis of Alkyl Triphenylphosphonium Ostruthin Derivatives as Potential Cytotoxic Candidates
Authors: Dang Phu H. , Dao Thien H. X. , Le Vien T. , Nguyen Chien M. , Ly Tin T. , Nguyen Hai X. , Le Tho H. , Do Truong N. V. , Nguyen Mai T. T. , Sun Sijia , Awale Suresh , Nguyen Nhan T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOstruthin, isolated from Paramignya trimera, was used as a scaffold to design its alkyl triphenylphosphonium derivatives. With the optimal reaction conditions in hand, five alkyl triphenylphosphonium ostruthin derivatives (1–5) were synthesized. Ostruthin and its derivatives were tested for cytotoxicity against human PANC‐1 pancreatic, Hela cervical, and HepG2 liver cancer cell lines. Ostruthin and its hexyl and heptyl triphenylphosphonium derivatives (4 and 5) showed strong preferential cytotoxicity against PANC‐1 cells with the PC50 values of 10.3 and 14.4 μM, respectively. In addition, compounds 4 and 5 also exhibited potent cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells with the IC50 values of 24.8 and 18.5 μM, respectively. The hexyl triphenylphosphonium group in 4 was found to slightly enhance cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells. Further, the morphological changes and the live‐cell imaging result suggested the anticancer potential against HeLa cells of the synthesized ostruthin derivative 5.
Synthesis of Castor Oil‐Based Waterborne Polyurethane with Improved Properties via Adjusting PBA/CO Soft Segment Ratio
Authors: Jia Runping , Wang Dayang , Huang Zhixiong , Liu Xin , Zhao Cheng , Hui Zi , Xu Xiaowei , He Xinyao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) and ethoxylated polymer diol (N120) are incorporated as composite hydrophilic groups to synthesize a series of castor oil‐based waterborne polyurethane (CWPU) nano‐emulsions. The properties of the nano‐emulsions with different ratio of polybutylene adipate (PBA) and castor oil (CO) soft segments as well as their film are investigated systematically. Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms that CO was successfully introduced into the waterborne polyurethane (WPU) structure. The result indicates that the maximum contact angle of the film is 75.51° with a 7/3 molar ratio of PBA/CO. Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA) tests show that the thermal stability of the films has gradually improved with the increase of castor oil content. The content of castor oil in CWPU also affects the mechanical properties of the film. The tensile strength of the film reaches 23.2 MPa, and the elongation at break is 1460.7 %, when the molar ratio of PBA/CO is 9/1. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to express the surface morphology of CWPU films. The films surface become rougher due to the introduction of CO. This work combines castor oil and water‐based systems to provide a relatively simple preparation method to synthesize CWPU nano‐emulsions, which can be used in environmental protection coatings and adhesives, and has broader application prospects.