bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry for rapid quantification of five anti-arrhythmic drugs in human serum: application to therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Gui Yuzhou , Lu Youli , Li Shuijun , Zhang Mengqi , Duan Xiaokun , Liu Charles C. , Jia Jingying , Liu Gangyi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is necessary for the optimal administration of anti-arrhythmic drugs in the treatment of heart arrhythmia. The present study aimed to develop and validate a direct analysis in real time tandem mass spectrometry (DART–MS/MS) method for the rapid and simultaneous determination of five anti-arrhythmic drugs (metoprolol, diltiazem, amiodarone, propafenone, and verapamil) and one metabolite (5-hydroxy(OH)-propafenone) in human serum. After the addition of isotope-labeled internal standards and protein precipitation with acetonitrile, anti-arrhythmic drugs were ionized by DART in positive mode followed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection. The use of DART–MS/MS avoided the need for chromatographic separation and allowed rapid and ultrahigh throughput analysis of anti-arrhythmic drugs in a total run time of 30 s per sample. The DART–MS/MS method yielded satisfactory linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9906), accuracy (86.1–109.9%), and precision (≤ 14.3%) with minimal effect of biological matrixes. The method was successfully applied to analyzing 30 clinical TDM samples. The relative error (RE) of the concentrations obtained by DART–MS/MS and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was within ± 13%. This work highlights the potential usefulness of DART for the rapid quantitative analysis of anti-arrhythmic drugs in human serum and gives rapid feedback in the clinical TDM practices.
Research on drinking-groundwater source safety management based on numerical simulation
Authors: Song Kai , Ren Xu , Mohamed Adam Khalifa , Liu Jian , Wang Fei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA drinking-groundwater source protection technology system based on a three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater model was constructed and applied to the safe management of drinking groundwater in the first terrace of Fujiang River. In the study area, the main type of groundwater is the quaternary systemic alluvial deposit loose rock pore water and the aquifer thickness varies between 20 and 35 m. Groundwater is the main source of water and is used for various purposes through two exploitation wells. The water volumes of 1# exploitation well (1#) and 2# exploitation well (2#) are 10,000 m3/day and 5000 m3/day, respectively. An analysis of 22 indicators from 11 groundwater samples showed that a higher concentration of chemical-oxygen-demand (CODMn) and ammonia–nitrogen (NH3–N), and they had a high correlation with most of the other water-quality factors. Therefore, CODMn and NH3–N were selected as indicator factors for model calibration and prediction. Twenty-two hydraulic head observation wells were used for flow-model calibration. The flow model indicated that a drop funnel formed with a maximum depth of 12 m, and the particle-capture zone in the original downstream direction of the south side extended to 1100 m because of groundwater exploitation. The solute-transport model showed that industrial pollution sources were the main factors that led to a deterioration of water quality. To analyze the necessity and effectiveness of remediation measures for the safety of drinking-water sources, two scenarios were considered to predict the concentration of NH3-N and CODMn in groundwater exploitation wells over 20 years. Scenario I, which considered that current conditions were maintained, predicted that the NH3-N would exceed the drinking-water quality standard of 0.5 mg/L after 16 years. Scenario II, in which industrial sewage treatment plants were installed outside the particle-trapped zone of the exploitation wells and strict anti-seepage measures were implemented, predicted that the peak concentrations of NH3-N and CODMn in the exploitation wells would be 0.26 mg/L and 1.33 mg/L, respectively, after 3 years of model operation. This study provides a theoretical basis for drinking-groundwater source protection that can be applied to safety management practices.
The effect of transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over bilateral posterior parietal cortex on divergent and convergent thinking
Authors: Peña Javier , Sampedro Agurne , Ibarretxe-Bilbao Naroa , Zubiaurre-Elorza Leire , Aizpurua Aralar , Ojeda Natalia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCreativity pervades many areas of everyday life and is considered highly relevant in several human living domains. Previous literature suggests that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is related to creativity. However, none of previous studies have compared the effect of transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over bilateral PPC on both verbal and visual divergent thinking (DT) and Remote Associates Test (RAT) in the same experimental design. Forty healthy participants were randomly assigned to tRNS (100–500 Hz) over bilateral PPC or sham group, for 15 min and current was set at 1.5 mA. Participants’ creativity skills were assessed before and after brain stimulation with the Unusual Uses and the Picture Completion subtests from the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking and the RAT. ANCOVA (baseline scores as covariate) results indicated that tRNS group had significantly higher scores at post-test in RAT and visual originality compared to sham group. Unusual Uses, on the other hand, was not significant. Improvement in RAT suggests the involvement of PPC during via insight solution which may reflect internally directed attention that helps the recombination of remotely associated information. The improvement in visual originality dimension from DT may be due to a higher internally directed attention while reducing externally oriented attention.
The 6-min walk test as a new outcome measure in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Russo Massimo , Lunetta Christian , Zuccarino Riccardo , Vita Gian L. , Sframeli Maria , Lizio Andrea , La Foresta Stefania , Faraone Cristina , Sansone Valeria A. , Vita Giuseppe , Messina Sonia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne of the issues highlighted in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinical trials is the lack of appropriate outcome measures. The aim of this multicentric study was to evaluate the 6-min walk test (6MWT) as tool to monitor the natural history of a cohort of ALS patients followed up over a 6-month interval. Forty-four ambulant patients were assessed at baseline and after 1, 3 and 6 months. Eight out of forty-four lost the ability to walk before the end of the study. The 6MWT and the objective measures linked to motor function, such as 10 m walking test (10MWT) and Time-up and go (TUG), the ALSFRS-R and the ALSFRS-R items 7–9 showed a good responsiveness to change over the 6-month interval. There was a strong correlation between 6 and 10MWT, TUG, ALSFRS-R, ALSFRS-R items 7–9 and FVC% at baseline. There was no correlation with Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) and Modified Borg Scale (MBS). The Δ of 6MWT from T0 to T6 significantly correlated with the Δs of 10MWT and TUG. There was no correlation with the Δs of ALSFRS-R, ALSFRS-R items 7 9, ECAS, MBS and FVC%. The discordance between changes of the 6MWT and ALSFRS-R at 6 month highlights the different content validity among these instruments. The concordance among 6MWT, 10MWT and TUG indicates that the 6MWT is an objective, sensitive and robust tool to measure motor performances in a longitudinal setting. The main limitations of our study were the small sample size and the high percentage of patients (18%) lost at follow-up. Therefore, further studies on larger cohorts, and exploring the relation between 6MWT and need of ventilator support or survival could strengthen our results.
Experimental investigations on graphene oxide/rubber composite thermal conductivity
Authors: Wilk Joanna , Smusz Robert , Filip Ryszard , Chmiel Grzegorz , Bednarczyk Tomasz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide/rubber composites were experimentally investigated for obtaining their thermal properties. Three kinds of the composite matrix material have been used: NBR, HNBR and FKM. The reduced graphene oxide in the form of crumped flakes has been applied as the filler influencing on thermal conductivity of the composites. Two values of graphene oxide weight concentration have been taken into account in the investigation. Thermal conductivity of the composites and basic matrix has been measured by the professional apparatus with the use of the guarded heat plate method. Before measurements the preliminary tests using the simplified comparative method have been performed. The results obtained, both from preliminary tests and using the guarded heat plate method, show an increase in thermal conductivity with increasing the reduced graphene oxide content in the composite. The experimental investigation allowed to determine not only the increase in thermal properties of graphene oxide/rubber composites compared to the basic matrix, but also the absolute values of thermal conductivities. Additionally, the SEM analysis showed that the tested composite samples contain agglomerates of the rGO nanoparticles. The occurrence of agglomerates could affect the composite thermal properties. This was noticed in the comparatively measurements of the temperature of different composites during the heating of samples tested. The maximum enhancement of thermal conductivity obtained was about 11% compared to the basis matrix of the composites tested.
Simulation of hypoxia of myocardial cells in microfluidic systems
Authors: Kobuszewska Anna , Jastrzębska Elżbieta , Żukowski Kamil , Brzózka Zbigniew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper presents a newly designed microfluidic system that allows simulation of myocardial hypoxia by biochemical method. The geometry of the microsystem was designed in such a way, that quantitative fluorescent measurements using a spectrofluorometric plate reader was possible. Biochemical simulation of hypoxia was carried out using potent mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler—Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP). Two cardiac cell lines were used in the study—rat cardiomyoblasts (H9C2) and human cardiomyocytes. The effectiveness of biochemical simulation of hypoxia was studied using two fluorescent dyes: carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) and Fluo-4. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and concentration of intracellular calcium ions were tested. The major novelty of this research was the applying the microfluidic system to create hypoxia conditions for cardiac cells using the biochemical approach. In further studies, the presented hypoxia model could be used to develop new methods of treatment of ischemic heart disease for example in cell therapy based on stem cells.
The XXL Survey
Authors: Trudeau A. , Garrel C. , Willis J. , Pierre M. , Gastaldello F. , Chiappetti L. , Ettori S. , Umetsu K. , Adami C. , Adams N. , Bowler R. A. A. , Faccioli L. , Häußler B. , Jarvis M. , Koulouridis E. , Le Fevre J. P. , Pacaud F. , Poggianti B. , Sadibekova T. 
Published: September 2020

Context.Distant galaxy clusters provide an effective laboratory in which to study galaxy evolution in dense environments and at early cosmic times.Aims.We aim to identify distant galaxy clusters as extended X-ray sources that are coincident with overdensities of characteristically bright galaxies.Methods.We used optical and near-infrared data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam and VISTA Deep Extragalactic Observations (VIDEO) surveys to identify distant galaxy clusters as overdensities of bright,zphot ≥ 0.8 galaxies associated with extended X-ray sources detected in the ultimate XMM extragalactic survey (XXL).Results.We identify a sample of 35 candidate clusters at 0.80 ≤ z ≤ 1.93 from an approximately 4.5 deg2sky area. This sample includes 15 newly discovered candidate clusters, ten previously detected but unconfirmed clusters, and ten spectroscopically confirmed clusters. Although these clusters host galaxy populations that display a wide variety of quenching levels, they exhibit well-defined relations between quenching, cluster-centric distance, and galaxy luminosity. The brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) within our sample display colours that are consistent with a bimodal population composed of an old and red sub-sample together with a bluer, more diverse sub-sample.ConclusionsThe relation between galaxy masses and quenching seem to already be in place atz ∼ 1, although there is no significant variation in the quenching fraction with the cluster-centric radius. The BCG bimodality might be explained by the presence of a younger stellar component in some BCGs, but additional data are needed to confirm this scenario.
UEMS Section and Board of Paediatric Surgery—A Historical Perspective
Authors: Parigi Gian Battista , Rolle Udo , Cascio Salvatore , Williams Jacob , Czauderna Piotr 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) Section and Board of Pediatric surgery was founded more than 40 years ago. Since then major activities have been related to the improvement of quality of care of pediatric surgery in Europe. Remarkable success was achieved in the development of pediatric surgery as an independent specialty all over Europe. Other major successful activities of the UEMS Section and Board of Pediatric Surgery consisted of the development of a high-quality European examination and delineating a minimal common standard in pediatric surgery training in the form of European training requirements. Recommendations drawn from examination experience support that candidates who achieve weaker passes in part 1 may wish to consider more practice before attempting part 2 due to the weak correlation between the two scores. It may be helpful for candidates to consider having some experience working in an English-speaking clinical setting, if not truly fluent in English, to improve their chances of being successful in the part 2 examination. Other achievements of the Section were accreditation of the training centers in Europe and European Census in pediatric surgery project. All the aforementioned activities led to standardization and harmonization of pediatric surgery, as well as contributed to increasing quality of pediatric surgical service throughout Europe.
Efficacy of Circumferential Intensive Phototherapy in Treating Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yang Fei , Liu Yingying , Zheng Fang , Yao Qiang , Mo Weinong 
Published: September 2020

Objective The present study was aimed at developing a circumferential phototherapy unit using 3M reflective materials in the double-sided phototherapy unit and investigating its efficacy in treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Study Design Forty-two infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were selected from our hospital; they were randomly divided into control (n = 21) and experimental groups (n = 21). The experimental group was treated with the circumferential phototherapy unit, while the control group was treated with an ordinary phototherapy unit.
Results No significant differences were noted between the two groups in the levels of transcutaneous bilirubin before phototherapy (p > 0.05). After 12 hours of phototherapy, the value of transcutaneous bilirubin decreased significantly in the experimental group compared with that of the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the two groups did not exhibit any significant difference in the side effects (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Our results indicated that the circumferential phototherapy unit was more effective than the ordinary phototherapy unit in treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Key Points
Surgical Resection of Hepatoblastoma: Factors Affecting Local Recurrence
Authors: Younes Alaa , Elgendy Ahmed , Fadel Sayed , Romeih Marwa , Elwakeel Madeeha , Salama Asmaa , Azer Magda , Ahmed Gehad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate potential factors contributing to local recurrence after surgical resection of hepatoblastoma (HB).
Materials and Methods This retrospective study involving all patients with HB who underwent nontransplant surgery at our tertiary center between July 2007 and July 2018. Data were analyzed regarding microscopic surgical resection margin, tumor multifocality and extracapsular tumor extension in correlation with local recurrence. These relations were assessed by logistic regression.
Results The study included 133 patients with a median age of 1.3 years (range: 0.5–12.8 years). They were classified into 99 cases (74.44%) standard risk and 34 cases (25.56%) high risk. Delayed surgical resection was adopted in all patients. Follow-up to July 2019 revealed that 23 patients (23/133, 17.3%) developed local recurrence, whereas the remaining 110 were locally disease free. Microscopic positive margin (R1) was detected in 29 patients, 8 of them had local recurrence (p = 0.097). Regarding tumor multifocality, there were 12 patients who had multifocal lesions, 3 of them developed local recurrence (p = 0.459). Forty-four patients had extracapsular tumor extension in their pathological reports, 12 of them had local recurrence (p = 0.032).
Conclusion Extracapsular tumor extension was a significant prognostic factor of local recurrence after surgical resection of HB. R1 margin does not necessarily require a second resection, and it could achieve accepted results when combined with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. However, patients who are not eligible for surgical resection must be transferred for primary transplantation to obtain favorable outcome.
Romancing science for global solutions: on narratives and interpretative schemas of science diplomacy
Authors: Rungius Charlotte , Flink Tim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the concept of science diplomacy has gained remarkable ground in public policy. Calling for closer cooperation between actors from science and foreign policy, it is often being promulgated as a hitherto neglected catalyst for international understanding and global change. On what grounds science diplomacy entertains these high hopes, however, has remained unclear, and—as a blind spot—unaddressed in a discourse mostly shaped by policy practitioners. Recognizing that the discourse on science diplomacy is still unspecific about how its means and ends should fit together and be comprehended, we reconstruct the concept and its discourse as a materialization of actors’ interpretative schemas and shared assumptions about the social world they constantly need to make sense of. Science diplomacy is presented as a panacea against looming threats and grand challenges in a world facing deterioration. The prerequisite for such a solutionistic narrative is a simplified portrait of diplomacy in need of help from science that—romanticized in this discourse—bears but positive properties and exerts rationalizing, collaborative and even pacifying effects on a generic international community in its collective efforts to tackle global challenges. We conclude that these interpretative schemas that idealize and mythify science as overall collaborative, rationalizing and complexity-reducing are problematic. First, because the discourse misconceives ideals and norms for real and will therefore disappoint social expectations, and second, because science is likely to be instrumentalised for political purposes.
The impact of legal expertise on moral decision-making biases
Authors: Baez Sandra , Patiño-Sáenz Michel , Martínez-Cotrina Jorge , Aponte Diego Mauricio , Caicedo Juan Carlos , Santamaría-García Hernando , Pastor Daniel , González-Gadea María Luz , Haissiner Martín , García Adolfo M. , Ibáñez Agustín 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTraditional and mainstream legal frameworks conceive law primarily as a purely rational practice, free from affect or intuition. However, substantial evidence indicates that human decision-making depends upon diverse biases. We explored the manifestation of these biases through comparisons among 45 criminal judges, 60 criminal attorneys, and 64 controls. We examined whether these groups’ decision-making patterns were influenced by (a) the information on the transgressor’s mental state, (b) the use of gruesome language in harm descriptions, and (c) ongoing physiological states. Judges and attorneys were similar to controls in that they overestimated the damage caused by intentional harm relative to accidental harm. However, judges and attorneys were less biased towards punishments and harm severity ratings to accidental harms. Similarly, they were less influenced in their decisions by either language manipulations or physiological arousal. Our findings suggest that specific expertise developed in legal settings can attenuate some pervasive biases in moral decision processes.
A carbide-free bainitic steel with high-ductility by dynamic transformation during coiling process
Authors: Zhao F. Y. , Chen P. , Xu B. Y. , Yu Q. , Wang G. D. , Yi H. L. 
Published: September 2020

A new hot-rolled alloy of carbide-free bainite has been proposed for heavy trucks frames. It involves dynamic bainite transformation during the prolonged cooling of the coiling process after hot-rolling. The new hot-rolled Fe-0.5C-2.9Mn-2.3Al (in wt-%) steels exhibit tensile strength of 1110 MPa with a combined total elongation of 35%. The alloy has been re-heat-treated with one step and two steps isothermal bainitic transformation to study the effect of microstructure evolution and microstructure-property relationship. The transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect of retained austenite has been discussed and revealed as the main contributor for the high ductility of bainitic steels. The formation of the cracks at fracture regions after tensile deformation, which is associated with the austenite stability and morphology, has been observed and discussed.
Making linear multimedia interactive: questions, solutions and types of reflection
Authors: Lebedev Petr , Lindstrøm Christine , Sharma Manjula Devi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Typically, the format of online physics educational videos is closer in style to direct instruction rather than being interactive. One simple way of making videos more interactive is asking questions in one video, providing solutions in the second and seeking student reflection. This study utilises two physics education videos by Derek Muller (Veritasium) which were deployed with 508 first year physics students at The University of Sydney. The students watched the first video, which asked four physics questions, and were prompted to write down their answers. After this, the students were shown the solutions video and asked whether they changed, or did not change their answer, and their reasons for doing so. Data were analysed with a mixed-methods approach. While students whose answers did not match the solutions mostly modified their answers, a nontrivial percentage did not. An interesting finding is that the reasons provided for modifying or not modifying their answers are similar, or ‘mirrors’ of each other. We comment on the nature of the questions and the opportunities for learning by incorporating reflective thinking, particularly through videos that use a question, solution & reflection style.
Do bras and kets have dimensions?
Authors: Semay Claude , Willemyns Cintia T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The bra and ket notation introduced by Dirac and the dimensional analysis are two powerful tools for the physicist. Curiously, almost nothing is said about the connections between these two topics in the literature. We show here that the notion of dimensions is relevant for bras and kets. This could help students to grasp a better comprehension of this abstract notation.