bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective, single-centre, randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ischaemia-free liver transplantation (IFLT) in the treatment of end-stage liver disease
Authors: Huang Changjun , Huang Shanzhou , Tang Yunhua , Zhao Qiang , Wang Dongping , Ju Weiqiang , Yang Lu , Zhang Jian , Wu Linwei , Chen Maogen , Zhang Zhiheng , Zhu Zebin , Wang Linhe , Zhu Caihui , Zhang Yixi , Sun Chengjun , Xiong Wei , Shen Yuekun , Chen Xiaoxiang , Ma Yi , Hu Anbin , Zhu Xiaofeng , Rong Jian , Cai Changjie , Guo Zhiyong , He Xiaoshun 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionDuring conventional liver transplantation (CLT), ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable and is associated with complications such as early allograft dysfunction (EAD), primary non-function and ischaemic-type biliary lesions. We have established a novel procedure called ischaemia-free liver transplantation (IFLT). The results from a pilot study suggest that IFLT might prevent IRI and yield better transplant outcomes than CLT. The purpose of this study was to further assess the efficacy and safety of IFLT versus CLT in patients with end-stage liver disease.Methods and analysisThis is an investigator-initiated, open-label, phase III, prospective, single-centre randomised controlled trial on the effects of IFLT in patients with end-stage liver disease. Adult patients (aged 18–75 years) eligible for liver transplantation will be screened for participation in this trial and will be randomised between the IFLT group (n=34) and the CLT group (n=34). In the IFLT group, the donor liver will be procured, preserved and implanted with continuous normothermic machine perfusion (NMP). In the CLT group, the donor liver will be procured after a fast cold flush, preserved in 0°C–4°C solution and implanted under hypothermic and hypoxic conditions. Patients in both groups will be managed according to the standard protocol of our centre. The primary end point is the incidence of EAD after liver transplantation. Intraoperative and postoperative parameters of donor livers and recipients will be observed and recorded, and postoperative liver graft function, complications and recipient and graft survival will be evaluated. After a 12-month follow-up of the last enrolled recipient, the outcomes will be analysed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IFLT versus CLT in patients with end-stage liver disease.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. The findings will be disseminated to the public through conference presentations and peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900021158.
Association between multiple symptoms and quality of life of paediatric patients with cancer in Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: de Andrade Cadamuro Sandra , Onishi Franco Julia , Paiva Carlos Eduardo , Oliveira Marco Antonio de , Sakamoto Ribeiro Paiva Bianca 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo identify the association of multiple symptoms and clinical characteristics on quality of life (QoL) of paediatric patients with cancer.DesignA descriptive, cross-sectional study.SettingSouth American Children’s Hospital for Cancer Treatment (Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil).ParticipantsA total of 157 participants, 116 paediatric patients, diagnosed with cancer, undergoing chemotherapy treatment, between 7 and 18 years of age and 41 proxies for patients between 2 and 6 years of age.Primary outcome measuresThe severity and prevalence ofsymptoms were identified through the use of a culturally adapted multi-symptomscreening tool, and the influence these symptoms, in association with clinicalcharacteristics, had on the QOL of Brazilian pediatric cancer patients wasassessed.ResultsPrevalent symptoms identified by all participants were ‘feeling tired’ (98, 62.4%), ‘feeling more or less hungry (do not feel like eating) than you usually do’ (96, 61.1%), ‘changes in taste (flavour of the food)’ (89, 56.7%), ‘throwing up or feeling like you may throw up’ (77, 49%) and ‘changes in how your body (visually) or face looks’ (72, 45.9%). The multivariate analysis for symptom severity as reported by proxies showed that surgery (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.98, p=0.047) and time of diagnosis (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.66, p=0.012) were associated with a decreased OR of high severity symptoms.An analysis of the clinical characteristics associated with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) demonstrated no significant effect on QoL in any of the domains evaluated. The association between Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool and PedsQL in the self-report version demonstrated a significant negative influence of all symptoms on the QoL.ConclusionsThe prevalence of symptoms experienced among pediatric patients during treatment was high and significantly influenced all aspects of quality of life,especially in the emotional domain.
Acceptability and use of a patient-held communication tool for people living with dementia: a longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: Leavey Gerard , Corry Dagmar Suzanna , Waterhouse-Bradley Bethany , Curran Emma , Todd Stephen , McIlfatrick Sonja , Coates Vivien , Watson Max , Abbott Aine , McCrory Bernadine , McCormack Brendan 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the acceptability and use of a low-cost patient-held communication tool.DesignLongitudinal qualitative interviews at three time points over 18 months and document content analysis.SettingPrimary and community services.ParticipantsTwenty-eight dyads: People living with dementia in Northern Ireland and their informal carers.InterventionsA patient-held healthcare ‘passport’ for people living with dementia.Primary and secondary outcomesAcceptability and use of the passport—barriers and facilitators to successful engagement.ResultsThere was a qualified appreciation of the healthcare passport and a much more nuanced, individualistic or personalised approach to its desirability and use. How people perceive it and what they actually do with it are strongly determined by individual contexts, dementia stage and other health problems, social and family needs and capacities. We noted concerns about privacy and ambivalence about engaging with health professionals.ConclusionSuch tools may be of use but there is a need for demanding, thoughtful and nuanced programme delivery for future implementation in dementia care. The incentivisation and commitment of general practitioners is crucial. Altering the asymmetrical relationship between professionals and patients requires more extensive attention.
Dexamethasone intracameral drug-delivery suspension for inflammation associated with vitreoretinal surgery
Authors: Kiernan Daniel F 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of an anterior chamber intracameral dexamethasone (ICD) drug-delivery suspension (Dexycu; EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA) providing sustained release of medication following a single application for the treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery compared to daily postoperative treatment with topical corticosteroids for up to 1 month.Methods and analysisRetrospective case-matched comparison of patients undergoing initial vitreoretinal surgery by a single surgeon. Patients had a preoperative best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 to light perception and a variety of vitreoretinal pathologies. 27 eyes of 27 patients received ICD at the time of surgery and were compared with 27 eyes of 27 patients who received daily postoperative corticosteroid eye drops over 4 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was anterior chamber cell (ACC) clearing (0 cells) in the study eye at postoperative day (POD) 7. Ocular adverse events were assessed through POD 90.ResultsACC clearing at POD 7 was achieved in 67% of eyes in the ICD treatment group and 37% of eyes in the control group treated with topical corticosteroids (p=0.029). No serious ocular adverse events were noted up to POD 90 in either group.ConclusionThe ICD drug-delivery suspension placed in the anterior chamber after vitreoretinal surgery was more effective than topical corticosteroids in treating inflammation occurring 1 week following vitreoretinal surgery and thus may be an alternative to daily corticosteroid drop installation in this patient population.
Incidence of recreational snowboarding-related spinal injuries over an 11-year period at a ski resort in Niigata, Japan
Authors: Hosaka Noboru , Arai Katsumitsu , Otsuka Hiroshi , Kishimoto Hidefumi 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge regarding the incidence of recreational snowboarding-related spinal injuries.ObjectiveThis study investigated the incidence and characteristics of recent recreational snowboarding-related spinal injuries and discussed possible preventive measures to reduce the risk of spinal injuries.MethodsThis descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to investigate the incidence and characteristics of snowboarding-related spinal injuries at the Myoko ski resort in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, between 2006 and 2017. The incidence of spinal injuries was calculated as the total number of spinal injuries divided by the number of snowboarding visitors, which was estimated based on the ticket sales and estimates regarding the ratio of the number of skiers to the number of snowboarders reported by seven skiing facilities.ResultsIn total, 124 (72.5%) males and 47 (27.5%) females suffered spinal injuries. The incidence of spinal injuries was 5.1 (95% CI 4.4 to 5.9) per 100 000 snowboarder visitors. Jumps at terrain parks were the most common factor in 113 (66.1%) spinal injuries, regardless of skill level (29/49 beginners, 78/112 intermediates, 6/10 experts). Overall, 11 (including 9 Frankel A) of 14 (78.6%) cases with residual neurologic deficits were involved with jumps.ConclusionsIn recreational snowboarding, jumping is one of the main causes for serious spinal injuries, regardless of skill level. The incidence of spinal injuries has not decreased over time. Individual efforts and educational interventions thus far have proven insufficient to reduce the incidence of spinal injury. Ski resorts and the ski industry should focus on designing fail-safe jump features to minimise the risk of serious spinal injury.
Paradoxical interaction between cancer and long-term postsepsis disorder: impairment of de novo carcinogenesis versus favoring the growth of established tumors
Authors: Leite Caio Abner , Mota Jose Mauricio , de Lima Kalil Alves , Wanderley Carlos Wagner , Nascimento Leticia Almeida , Ferreira Marcela Davoli , Silva Camila Meirelles Souza , Colon David Fernando , Sakita Juliana Yumi , Kannen Vinicius , Viacava Paula Ramos , Begnami Maria Dirlei , Lima-Junior Roberto Cesar Pereira , Cordeiro de Lima Vladmir Claudio , Alves-Filho Jose Carlos , Cunha Fernando Queiroz , Ribeiro Ronaldo Albuquerque 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundPrevious data have reported that the growth of established tumors may be facilitated by postsepsis disorder through changes in the microenvironment and immune dysfunction. However, the influence of postsepsis disorder in initial carcinogenesis remains elusive.MethodsIn the present work, the effect of postsepsis on inflammation-induced early carcinogenesis was evaluated in an experimental model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). We also analyzed the frequency and role of intestinal T regulatory cells (Treg) in CAC carcinogenesis.ResultsThe colitis grade and the tumor development rate were evaluated postmortem or in vivo through serial colonoscopies. Sepsis-surviving mice (SSM) presented with a lower colonic DNA damage, polyp incidence, reduced tumor load, and milder colitis than their sham-operated counterparts. Ablating Treg led to restoration of the ability to develop colitis and tumor polyps in the SSM, in a similar fashion to that in the sham-operated mice. On the other hand, the growth of subcutaneously inoculated MC38luc colorectal cancer cells or previously established chemical CAC tumors was increased in SSM.ConclusionOur results provide evidence that postsepsis disorder has a dual effect in cancer development, inhibiting inflammation-induced early carcinogenesis in a Treg-dependent manner, while increasing the growth of previously established tumors.
Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for in-transit melanoma
Authors: Nan Tie Emilia , Lai-Kwon Julia , Rtshiladze Michael Alexander , Na Lumine , Bozzi James , Read Tavis , Atkinson Victoria , Au-Yeung George , Long Georgina V , McArthur Grant A , Sandhu Shahneen , Saw Robyn , Walpole Euan , Menzies Alexander , Smithers Mark , Gyorki David E 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in metastatic melanoma is well established. However, there are limited data regarding their efficacy in in-transit melanoma (ITM). This study assessed the efficacy of ICI in patients with ITM.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with ITM commenced on an ICI between March 2013 and February 2018 at three tertiary centers in Australia. Patients were excluded if they had previous or synchronous distant metastases. Overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were based on a composite of radiological and clinical assessments.ResultsFifty-four patients were included: 27 (50%) female; median age 75 (range 26–94); 12 (22%) stage IIIB, 40 (74%) stage IIIC and 2 (4%) stage IIID; 10 (19%) BRAF mutant. Forty (74%) received single-agent anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab or nivolumab), 8 (15%) single agent anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab), 5 (9%) combination anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab and nivolumab or pembrolizumab) and 1 (2%) combination anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) and MEK inhibitor (cobimetinib). The median follow-up was 15 months (2–46).ORR to ICI was 54%: 14 (26%) complete responses; 15 (28%) partial responses; 9 (17%) stable disease; 16 (30%) progressive disease. Thirteen (46%) responders had only one ITM lesion. ORR was 58% for single-agent anti-PD-1, 38% for single-agent anti-CTLA4 and 40% for anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4. The median PFS was 11.7 months (6.6-not reached). 1-year and 2-year PFS were 48% and 39%, respectively,. Fourteen progressed locoregionally and 11 progressed distantly. The median OS was not reached. 1-year and 2-year OS were 85% and 63%, respectively. No clinicopathological features were associated with ORR.Conclusions and relevanceICI produce objective responses in ITM and should be considered in patients with unresectable ITM or disease recurrence.
Oncogenic states dictate the prognostic and predictive connotations of intratumoral immune response
Authors: Roelands Jessica , Hendrickx Wouter , Zoppoli Gabriele , Mall Raghvendra , Saad Mohamad , Halliwill Kyle , Curigliano Giuseppe , Rinchai Darawan , Decock Julie , Delogu Lucia G , Turan Tolga , Samayoa Josue , Chouchane Lotfi , Ballestrero Alberto , Wang Ena , Finetti Pascal , Bertucci Francois , Miller Lance D , Galon Jerome , Marincola Francesco M , Kuppen Peter J K , Ceccarelli Michele , Bedognetti Davide 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAn immune active cancer phenotype typified by a T helper 1 (Th-1) immune response has been associated with increased responsiveness to immunotherapy and favorable prognosis in some but not all cancer types. The reason of this differential prognostic connotation remains unknown.MethodsTo explore the contextual prognostic value of cancer immune phenotypes, we applied a multimodal pan-cancer analysis among 31 different histologies (9282 patients), encompassing immune and oncogenic transcriptomic analysis, mutational and neoantigen load and copy number variations.ResultsWe demonstrated that the favorable prognostic connotation conferred by the presence of a Th-1 immune response was abolished in tumors displaying specific tumor-cell intrinsic attributes such as high transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling and low proliferation capacity. This observation was independent of mutation rate. We validated this observation in the context of immune checkpoint inhibition. WNT-βcatenin, barrier molecules, Notch, hedgehog, mismatch repair, telomerase activity and AMPK signaling were the pathways most coherently associated with an immune silent phenotype together with mutations of driver genes includingIDH1/2, FOXA2, HDAC3, PSIP1, MAP3K1, KRAS, NRAS, EGFR, FGFR3, WNT5AandIRF7.ConclusionsThis is the first systematic study demonstrating that the prognostic and predictive role of a bona fide favorable intratumoral immune response is dependent on the disposition of specific oncogenic pathways. This information could be used to refine stratification algorithms and prioritize hierarchically relevant targets for combination therapies.
Salt-tolerance identification and quality evaluation of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik
Authors: Wu Zhe , Xue Zhizhong , Lu Xuelin , Jia Yinsuo , Wang Xiuping , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: May 2020

Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. is a medicinal and edible plant. To evaluate its suitability for cultivation on the coastal saline-alkali land in northern China for high quality functional products, salt-tolerance identification and flavonoid contents were evaluated under saline treatments. Results showed that the salt-tolerance threshold of A. manihot ranged from 4.1 to 6.9 g L−1; however, low soil salt content (<3 g L−1) had the best growth and accumulation of total flavonoids. Sixteen kinds of common functional components such as hyperoside, rutoside, and quercetin were found. Of these components, the four (myricetin-3-0-glucoside, rutoside, quercetin-3′-0-glucoside, and gossypetin-8-0-β-d-glucuronic acid) with the highest content were chosen as the quality evaluation indexes. High levels of quality and yield occurred at a soil salt content of 3 g L−1. Our results suggested that soil salt content should not exceed 3 g L−1 in field cultivation for high quality and high yield of A. manihot.
On the tension between growth rate and CMB data
Authors: Quelle Alba , Maroto Antonio L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe analyze the claimed tension between redshift space distorsions measurements of $$f(z)\sigma _8(z)$$f(z)σ8(z) and the predictions of standard $$\varLambda $$ΛCDM (Planck 2015 and 2018) cosmology. We consider a dataset consisting of 17 data points extending up to redshift $$z=1.52$$z=1.52 and corrected for the Alcock-Paczynski effect. Thus, calculating the evolution of the growth factor in a wCDM cosmology, we find that the tension for the best fit parameters w, $$\varOmega _m$$Ωm and $$\sigma _8$$σ8 with respect to the Planck 2018 $$\varLambda $$ΛCDM parameters is below $$2\sigma $$2σ in all the marginalized confidence regions.
Background rejection in atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes using recurrent convolutional neural networks
Authors: Parsons R. D. , Ohm S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, we present a new, high performance algorithm for background rejection in imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. We build on the already popular machine-learning techniques used in gamma-ray astronomy by the application of the latest techniques in machine learning, namely recurrent and convolutional neural networks, to the background rejection problem. Use of these machine-learning techniques addresses some of the key challenges encountered in the currently implemented algorithms and helps to significantly increase the background rejection performance between 100 GeV and 100 TeV energies. We apply these machine learning techniques to the H.E.S.S. telescope array, first testing their performance on simulated data and then applying the analysis to two well known gamma-ray sources. With real observational data we find significantly improved performance over the current standard methods, with a 20–25% reduction in the background rate when applying the recurrent neural network analysis. Importantly, we also find that the convolutional neural network results are strongly dependent on the sky brightness in the source region which has important implications for the future implementation of this method in Cherenkov telescope analyses.
Particular superintegrability of 3-body (modified) Newtonian gravity
Authors: Turbiner Alexander V. , Vieyra Juan Carlos Lopez 
Published: May 2020

It is found explicitly 5 Liouville integrals in addition to total angular momentum which Poisson commute with Hamiltonian of 3-body Newtonian Gravity in [Formula: see text] along the remarkable figure-8-shape trajectory discovered by Moore-Chenciner-Montgomery. It is verified that they become constants of motion along this trajectory. Hence, 3-body choreographic motion on figure-8-shape trajectory in [Formula: see text] Newtonian gravity (Moore, 1993), as well as in [Formula: see text] modified Newtonian gravity by Fujiwara et al., is maximally superintegrable. It is conjectured that any 3-body potential theory that admits Figure-8-shape choreographic motion is superintegrable along the trajectory.
The Most Likely Object to be Seen Through a Window
Authors: Carmi Paz , Chanchary Farah , Maheshwari Anil , Smid Michiel 
Published: May 2020

We study data structures to answer window queries using stochastic input sequences. The first problem is the most likely maximal point in a query window: Let [Formula: see text] be constants, with [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a set of [Formula: see text] points in [Formula: see text], for some fixed [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], each point in [Formula: see text] is associated with a probability [Formula: see text] of existence. A point [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] is on the maximal layer of [Formula: see text] if there is no other point [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. Consider a random subset of [Formula: see text] obtained by including, for [Formula: see text], each point of [Formula: see text] independently with probability [Formula: see text]. For a query interval [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text], we report the point in [Formula: see text] that has the highest probability to be on the maximal layer of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] time using [Formula: see text] space. We solve a special problem as follows. A sequence [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] points in [Formula: see text] is given ([Formula: see text]), where each point [Formula: see text] has a probability [Formula: see text] of existence associated with it. Given a query interval [Formula: see text] and an integer [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], we report the probability of [Formula: see text] to be on the maximal layer of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] time using [Formula: see text] space. The second problem we consider is the most likely common element problem. Let [Formula: see text] be the universe. Let [Formula: see text] be a sequence of random subsets of [Formula: see text] such that for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], element [Formula: see text] is added to [Formula: see text] with probability [Formula: see text] (independently of other choices). Let [Formula: see text] be a fixed real number with [Formula: see text]. For query indices [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we decide whether there exists an element [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] time using [Formula: see text] space and report these elements in [Formula: see text] time, where [Formula: see text] is the size of the output.