bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Outcomes of Extraforaminal Microdiskectomy by Midline Incision for Far-Lateral Lumbar Disk Herniation
Authors: Yüce Ismail , Kahyaoğlu Okan , Çavuşoğlu Halit , Aydın Yunus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Far-lateral lumbar disk herniation (FLDH) is defined as a disk herniation located laterally to the medial wall of the pedicle. The aim of our study is to describe the extraforaminal microdiskectomy by midline incision for FLDH, which does not include laminotomy–partial facetectomy, and to evaluate mid-term surgical outcomes.
Methods 107 patients who underwent surgery for FLDH by midline incision for the first time between 2012 and 2017 were included in our study. The assessment of neurological status of the patients was done by physical examination, preoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analog Scala (VAS) scores, and magnetic resonance images. They were then followed-up postoperatively and at 12 months with VAS and ODI tests.
Result 58 (54.2%) patients were male and 49 (45.8%) were female. The mean age at the time of surgery was 55.0 ± 8.6 years. The mean ODI scale score was 32.4 ± 6.2 preoperatively, 11.4 ± 2.1 early postoperatively, and 9.7 ± 2.2 in late postoperative follow-up (statistically significant, p = 0.001). The average VAS was 7.51 ± 1.1 preoperatively, 2.74 ± 0.7 early postoperatively, and 0.68 ± 0.08 in late postoperative follow-up (statistically significant, p = 0.001). The average operative time was 41 ± 7 (37 to 58) minutes.
Conclusions The extraforaminal microdiskectomy without laminotomy by midline incision is a minimally invasive approach for FLDH. Our technique allows a sufficient and safe decompression of the neural structures, and thus results in a significant reduction of the symptoms and disability
Contrast-Enhanced Endoscopic Ultrasound for Evaluation of Common Bile Duct in Presence of Portal Cavernoma
Authors: Rana Surinder Singh , Sharma Ravi Kumar , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an excellent imaging modality for the evaluation of common bile duct (CBD) because of its close proximity to the transducer placed in duodenum. However, in the presence of portal cavernoma, identification and proper evaluation of CBD become difficult because of presence of numerous venous collaterals. In these circumstances, the evaluation of CBD is more difficult if it is nondilated. In these difficult situations, contrast-enhanced EUS can provide better and clear images of CBD and therefore seems to be an excellent modality to evaluate nondilated CBD in the presence of portal cavernoma.
Experience with Management of Intracranial Arachnoid Cysts
Authors: Deopujari Chandrashekhar E. , Shaikh Salman T. , Karmarkar Vikram S. , Sudke Amol Y. , Mohanty Chandan B. , Biyani Naresh K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the demographics, clinical presentation, and surgical outcome of intracranial arachnoid cysts and to review the surgical options.
Methods This is a retrospective observational study of 56 cases of symptomatic arachnoid cysts among all age groups treated between 2004 and 2020 at the Bombay Hospital, Mumbai. Endoscopic fenestration, microsurgical cyst excision, and shunt insertion were the interventions performed. Clinical presentation, cyst reduction post-intervention, and complications were studied. The follow-up period varied from 1 month to 16 years. Statistical analysis was done for 43 patients with a minimum of 3 years' follow-up.
Results In all, 75% of patients were <18 years of age. Of these, the majority were between the age of 1 and 10 years. There were 14 cases of temporal, 13 cases of retrocerebellar, 10 cases of quadrigeminal cistern, and 7 cases each of interhemispheric and suprasellar arachnoid cysts. The most common clinical presentation was headache and vomiting. Concomitant hydrocephalus was seen on imaging in 24 cases. Endoscopic fenestration of cyst was the most routinely performed procedure (35 cases). Four patients of endoscopic fenestration underwent a redo endoscopic procedure on follow-up. Post-operative reduction in cyst size was found to be significantly better after endoscopic fenestration (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Though the best available treatment for arachnoid cysts remains controversial, surgery has been found to be beneficial in symptomatic cases. Endoscopic fenestration is considered the first-line surgical option and it may be followed by shunt, if necessary. Shunts may be preferred in very young children where there is associated hydrocephalus/macrocephaly.
Prospective Evaluation of a Citrate-Based Biomaterial Wedge for a Modified Maquet Procedure in the Treatment of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Dogs
Authors: Terreros Alex , Daye R. Mark 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to describe short- and mid-term outcomes, complications, implant bioabsorption and owner satisfaction for a modified Maquet procedure (MMP) in which a novel bioabsorbable citrate-based implant is used as the wedge component to treat cranial cruciate ligament rupture in client-owned dogs.
Study Design Prospective clinical study of dogs (n = 13) undergoing MMP (n = 15). Intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, clinical follow-up using a 5-point lameness score and radiographs at 8 weeks and 6 months postoperatively were obtained. Mid-term outcome was assessed via physical examination, radiographs, canine orthopaedic index and owner satisfaction questionnaires.
Results No catastrophic complications occurred. Major complications occurred in 3/15 stifles. All were surgical site infections and one case required implant removal. Minor complications occurred in 9/15 stifles. Non-displaced cortical hinge fractures were the most common minor complication, and these occurred intraoperatively (4/15) or postoperatively (2/15). Three dogs achieved full function, eight dogs acceptable function and the outcome was unacceptable in two dogs. Most owners were satisfied with the procedure (11/13). Complete implant bioabsorption was not confirmed on mid-term radiographs.
Conclusion The described MMP with a citrate-based implant can produce satisfactory mid-term results. However, the long-term outcome of this procedure must be evaluated and technical modifications need to be implemented prior to larger-scale use of this implant.
Acute Provoked Seizures—Work-Up and Management in Adults
Authors: Moosavi Rana , Swisher Christa B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcute provoked seizures, also known as acute symptomatic seizures, occur secondary to a neurological or systemic precipitant, commonly presenting as a first-time seizure. In this article, we will discuss etiology, emergent protocols, medical work-up, initial treatment, and management of these seizures. The definitions, classifications, and management of convulsive status epilepticus and nonconvulsive status epilepticus in an acute setting will also be reviewed.
Status Epilepticus—Work-Up and Management in Children
Authors: Barcia Aguilar Cristina , Sánchez Fernández Iván , Loddenkemper Tobias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStatus epilepticus (SE) is one of the most common neurological emergencies in children and has a mortality of 2 to 4%. Admissions for SE are very resource-consuming, especially in refractory and super-refractory SE. An increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of SE leaves room for improving SE treatment protocols, including medication choice and timing. Selecting the most efficacious medications and giving them in a timely manner may improve outcomes. Benzodiazepines are commonly used as first line and they can be used in the prehospital setting, where most SE episodes begin. The diagnostic work-up should start simultaneously to initial treatment, or as soon as possible, to detect potentially treatable causes of SE. Although most etiologies are recognized after the first evaluation, the detection of more unusual causes may become challenging in selected cases. SE is a life-threatening medical emergency in which prompt and efficacious treatment may improve outcomes. We provide a summary of existing evidence to guide clinical decisions regarding the work-up and treatment of SE in pediatric patients.
Is Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection the Solution for all in Unexplained Infertility?
Authors: Zheng Danni , Nguyen Quynh N. , Li Rong , Dang Vinh Q. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was first introduced as a supplemental method to conventional in vitro fertilization (c-IVF) for couples with severe male factor infertility to overcome the poor fertilization rate, while its indications expanded in current clinical practice and gained worldwide popularity. However, ICSI is invasive and crosses all natural barriers, raising several unresolved concerns regarding procedure-dependent and procedure-independent risks, as well as the characteristic of being labor-intensive and more expensive than c-IVF. This review is aimed to draw readers' attention, to the widespread use of ICSI worldwide, with its effectiveness in different indications of infertility, especially in those with unexplained infertility, as well as the cost-effectiveness of the ICSI-for-all strategy. Also, we covered current evidence on the short- and long-term safety of children born thanks to ICSI-aided conception. Further well-designed, adequately powered, and randomized controlled clinical trials are absolutely needed to arrive at a consensus on the use of ICSI over c-IVF in different populations.
The Half-Century Mark: Explant of Ball and Cage Valve after 50 Years
Authors: Pupovac Stevan S. , Koss Elana , Hartman Alan R. , Manetta Frank 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis is a case report of a 69-year-old man with chronic hemolysis and worsening diastolic heart failure, secondary to known periprosthetic leak, who underwent a reoperative mitral valve replacement 50 years following initial implantation of a Starr–Edwards ball and cage valve.
5.1.3 Product Subclass 3: Metalated Germanium Compounds
Authors: Marschner C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis review provides a summary of synthetic approaches to germanides. The described methods involve digermane cleavage, reduction of halogermanes, nucleophilic abstraction of silyl, germyl, or stannyl groups, hydrogermane deprotonation, nucleophilic addition to germylenes, and transmetalation. It covers literature from the 1950s until 2019.
14.10.3 Selenopyrylium and Benzoselenopyrylium Salts (Update 2020)
Authors: Wei W. , Zhao X. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis chapter (Section 14.10) describing methods for the synthesis of selenopyrylium and benzoselenopyrylium salts. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2001–2019.
Exploring Laser Light
Authors: Kallard T. 
Published: November 2020

The low-power helium-neon (He-Ne) gas laser is an invaluable and dependable educational tool, used at all levels from high school physics to complex university installations. Exploring Laser Light is a manual of optics experiments performed with He-Ne lasers, for use in lecture demonstrations, teaching laboratories, and home study experimentation.
Key highlights:Offers a broad selection of the most robust optical principles and techniquesExplores fresh and simplified experimental methodsRather than offering a rigid approach, the range and choice of optical bypaths covered point the way for readersTo help the experimenter, schematic drawings are included, alongside relevant formulas and numerical values for parametersThe cost of required apparatus is deliberately kept to a minimum
Exploring Laser Light is the ideal resource for the home experimenter as well as the high school physics teacher. Undergraduates to advanced graduate students and faculty in optics, physics will as well benefit.
Collimation Tester
Authors: Kallard T. 
Published: November 2020

The collimation tester is a simple tool for adjusting laser collimator focus and for testing the planeness of a wavefront interferometrically.
Interference fringes are formed upon reflection of a laser beam from the front and back surfaces of a narrow wedge plate of glass. The same phenomenon can be observed with a thin film of air contained between two plane glass plates at a small angle to each other.
String and Sticky Tape Experiments
Authors: Edge R. D. 
Published: November 2020

Physics is an experimental science, and the only way to get a feel for it is by doing hands-on experiments. However, experimenting with expensive physics equipment in schools is not an option for students. String and Sticky Tape Experiments brings together a host of experiments demonstrating fundamental physics laws in a practical way that students can work with on their own. Materials are deliberately chosen for their simplicity, availability, and low cost, so they can be done at home as well as at school.
Many of these experiments were published in the American Association of Physics Teachers’s journal The Physics Teacher.
String and Sticky Tape Experiments organizes and ranks experiments by Subject: Mechanics, Properties of Matter, Hydrodynamics, Heat, Wave Motion, Light, Sound, Atomic and Nuclear Physics, Solid State and Crystallography, Electrostatics, Magnetism, Current Electricity, Psychophysics, and Physics GamesDifficultyEducational levelQualitative or quantitative natureFundamental natureEntertainment value
Students across all physics disciplines and at all levels will learn and gain enjoyment from this book, from elementary level to high school and university. It is also a valuable resource for physics teachers.
Test Questions
Authors: McCullough Jodi , McCullough Roy 
Published: November 2020

1.1 — A bullet is shot straight into the air from ground level at a speed of 200.0 m/s. What is the speed of the bullet when it falls to the ground (neglect air resistance)?100.0 m/s0 m/s9.8 m/s200.0 m/s
ANS.
(D)
Teaching About Energy
Authors: Roeder John L. 
Published: November 2020

This publication deals with how the human eye perceives color and how that color perception is triggered by the light sources and objects of our world. The colors of soap bubbles and other thin films are treated in more than usual detail, and the approach is extended to explain the colors of transparent materials sandwiched between polarizers.
A tonic for lagging interest in the spring semester, the resource book incor-porates many laboratory activities and demonstrations, including some new ones, important commercial applications, sample questions, and Physics Olympics events.
With You When You Fly: Aeronautics for Introductory Physics
Authors:   NASA,   AAPT
Published: November 2020

Although there are many right ways to teach physics, there is a growing need for teaching by inquiry in context. This is the most effective method, ensuring classes are relevant and practical. With You When You Fly is an educator’s guide that addresses this need, providing a solid content base and actively engaging with topics necessary to the development of 21st century skills.
With You When You Fly: Aeronautics for Introductory Physics is founded on 26 aeronautics-related teaching ideas presented by seasoned high school and college physics teachers, and articles that have appeared in the American Association of Physics Teachers’s (AAPT) publication, The Physics Teacher. The lesson ideas are combined with NASA aeronautics education resources and ongoing research, as well as student experiences with flight.
Reviewed by acting high school and college/university AAPT membersEach activity includes objectives and/or guiding questions related to the physics of flight, followed by a detailed listing of the NGSS and CCSS addressed by students who successfully complete each activityThe activities can also be used to teach fundamental physics concepts and inquiry skills.
With You When You Fly: Aeronautics for Introductory Physics is suitable for high school and introductory university level physics courses. Teachers as well as anyone interested in aeronautics and astrophysics will find this book useful and informative.
Correlated cryogenic fluorescence microscopy and electron cryo-tomography shows that exogenous TRIM5α can form hexagonal lattices or autophagy aggregates in vivo
Authors: Carter Stephen D. , Mamede João I. , Hope Thomas J. , Jensen Grant J. 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceOne of the most notable features of TRIM5 proteins is their ability to restrict retroviral infections by binding viral capsids. TRIM5α forms highly dynamic puncta of various sizes, and, when purified, hexagonal nets on the surface of HIV virions, but the molecular ultrastructure of the cellular bodies and the relationship of the in vitro nets to HIV restriction has remained unclear. To define the cellular ultrastructure underlying the punctate and dynamic nature of YFP-rhTRIM5α bodies, we applied cryogenic correlated light and electron microscopy combined with electron cryo-tomography to TRIM5α bodies and observed YFP-rhTRIM5α-localization to organelles found along the aggrephagy branch of the autophagy pathway. Consistent with previous work, we also found that TRIM5α forms hexagonal nets inside cells.
Quasinormal modes of Kerr–de Sitter black holes via the Heun function
Authors: Hatsuda Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This note addresses quasinormal mode (QNM) frequencies of four-dimensional asymptotically de Sitter rotating black holes. The main motivation is that Mathematica 12.1 has implemented a new family of special functions: Heun functions. Using the fact that Teukolsky’s equations for Kerr–de Sitter black holes are mapped to Heun’s equations, we are able to compute their QNM frequencies by the Heun function. In this approach, Mathematica normally evaluates these frequencies to arbitrary numerical precision in a few seconds. We further discuss an application to asymptotically flat rotating black holes.
Modern demonstration experiments for H Hertz’s experimental study
Authors: Mayer V V , Varaksina E I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A modern version of Hertz’s classical experiments that demonstrate the electromagnetic nature of light waves is proposed herein. The demonstration kit includes a 433 MHz micropower generator, a sufficiently sensitive electromagnetic-radiation detector with an LED output, two semi-wave vibrators, a rod polariser, an LED flashlight, three Polaroid polarisers, and a matte screen.
Speeded-Up Robust Features-based image mosaic method for large-scale microscopic hyperspectral pathological imaging
Authors: Zhang Qing , Sun Li , Chen Jiangang , Zhou Mei , Hu Menghan , Wen Ying , Li Qingli 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Microscopic hyperspectral imaging technology has been widely used in pathological analysis as it can obtain both spatial and spectral information of samples. However, most hyperspectral imaging systems can only capture images in a single field of view. Therefore, an image mosaic is one of the most important steps in a large-scale microscopic hyperspectral imaging system. This paper proposes a microscopic hyperspectral image (HSI) mosaic method based on Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) and linear synthesis to achieve large-scale HSIs. In contrast to other SURF-based image mosaic methods, the proposed method leverages both image content and coordinate information to improve the accuracy and stability of the image mosaic. In addition, multiple bands of HSIs with different texture information and grayscale are applied in image matching to take full advantage of spatial redundancy. Simultaneously, a blank microscopic HSI screening method is introduced in this paper to pick out a clearer blank image for better preprocessing, i.e. removing interference in the optical path and the interference of dust on slides. Finally, the preprocessed images are synthesized by linear-based synthesis methods due to their simple synthesis structure and better universality. Additionally, a file format, i.e. hyperslide, is defined for large-scale HSIs and can be browsed with HyperViewer software. Experimental results show that the proposed microscopic HSI mosaic method can obtain high-quality large-scale microscopic HSIs of tissue sections.
Pomegranate-like silicon-based anodes self-assembled by hollow-structured Si/void@C nanoparticles for Li-ion batteries with high performances
Authors: Chen Dajin , Tao Chuanying , Chen Tongzhou , Liu Xiaohan , Liu Yong , Xu Gang , Han Gaorong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Silicon is considered as one of the most promising alternatives to the graphite anode for lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity (4200 mAh g−1). However, its fragile solid electrolyte interphase cannot tolerate the large volume changes of bare silicon induced by the lithium insertion and extraction, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency. In previous reports, a yolk-shell design, such as Si@void@C, in which the well-defined space allows the silicon particles to expand freely without breaking the outer carbon shells, can effectively improve the Columbic efficiency. Here, we design a pomegranate-like silicon-based anodes self-assembled by the hollow-structured Si/void@C nanoparticles, in which silicon and some voids are together sealed in the outer carbon shells, by the magnesiothermic reduction of the colloidal SiO2@PEI nanospheres prepared by the hydrolysis of the tetraethoxysilane under the catalytic effect of polyetherimide (PEI). Due to the tolerance of the presealed void in the carbon shells of the primary hollow-structured Si/void@C nanoparticles, the prepared pomegranate-like silicon-based anodes deliver a high reversible capacity of 1615 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and long cycle life of 73.5% capacity retention at 2 C after 500 cycles, as well as high Coulombic efficiency of 99%.
Positive and negative photoconductivity characteristics in CsPbBr3/graphene heterojunction
Authors: Jin Haonan , Chen Yibo , Zhang Louwen , Wan Rui , Zou Zhengguang , Li Haixia , Gao Yihua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Broadband response photodetectors have received great research interest in optical sensing field. Usually, materials with positive photoconductivity (PPC) are general and the lack of negative photoconductivity (NPC) materials limits the application of photoelectric effect, especially in the broadband photodetecting field. Therefore, the finding of NPC materials is very important. Integrating PPC and NPC response into a single device is extremely meaningful to the development of broadband photodetector. In this work, we fabricated CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs)-multilayered graphene heterojunction, which achieved persistent NPC response to ultra violet (300–390 nm) and PPC response to visible light (420–510 nm). The persistent NPC relies on the desorption of H2O vapor, and varies its intensity with the power intensity of laser. The PPC relies on the holes transmission from NCs to graphene. The recombination of NPC and PPC effect provides background knowledge for the development of broadband photodetector.
The use of near-axis magnetic fields for stellarator turbulence simulations
Authors: Jorge R , Landreman M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The design of turbulence optimized stellarators has so far relied on three-dimensional equilibrium codes such as VMEC in order to find the minimum of a given objective function. In this work, we propose a complimentary approach based on the near-axis expansion to compute the geometry parameters of neoclassicaly optimized stellarators used in turbulence studies. As shown here, the near-axis expansion can be a reasonable approximation of the geometric parameters relevant for turbulence and stability simulations of the core of existing optimized stellarator designs. In particular, we examine the geometry coefficients that appear in the gyrokinetic equation, the drift-reduced fluid equations and the ideal ballooning equation. This approach may allow for the development of new stellarator optimization techniques significantly faster than conventional methods.