bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergy between parasitoids and pathogens for biological control of Helicoverpa armigera in chickpea
Authors: Allahyari Rahim , Aramideh Shahram , Safaralizadeh Mohammad Hassan , Rezapanah Mohammadreza , Michaud J.P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe chickpea pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important pest of many legume crops, including chickpea, Cicer arietinum L. (Fabaceae). We field‐tested the efficacy of two pathogens, Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrosis virus (HaNPV) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki (Btk), both alone and in combination with the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), for control of H. armigera larvae in chickpea fields. A randomized complete block design was used at two sites, so that wasp release treatments at one site would not contaminate pathogen‐only treatments at the other. Pathogens were applied when most pest larvae were in the second instar, and wasp releases were made 2 days later. Number of H. armigera larvae per plant, number of damaged pods, yield (kg ha−1), treatment cost (US$ ha−1), and benefit:cost ratio were all determined. Treatments separated significantly at 14 days after treatment, with the HaNPV+Hh and Btk+Hh treatments providing the best control, suggesting a synergistic impact of the wasp and the pathogens when applied together. These treatments also produced the fewest damaged pods, the highest yields, and the greatest yield increments in comparison to untreated controls. However, costs were also highest for these combined treatments, which reduced their net benefit in comparison to use of Hh or Btk alone, although more efficient mass production of the pathogens might make combined applications feasible. We conclude that both HaNPV and Btk are suitable for integration with releases of H. hebetor against H. armigera in chickpea fields, provided parasitoid releases are delayed until 2 days after pathogen application.
Individual differences in behaviour explain variation in survival: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Moiron Maria , Laskowski Kate L. , Niemelä Petri T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearch focusing on among‐individual differences in behaviour (‘animal personality’) has been blooming for over a decade. Central theories explaining the maintenance of such behavioural variation posits that individuals expressing greater “risky” behaviours should suffer higher mortality. Here, for the first time, we synthesize the existing empirical evidence for this key prediction. Our results did not support this prediction as there was no directional relationship between riskier behaviour and greater mortality; however there was a significant absolute relationship between behaviour and survival. In total, behaviour explained a significant, but small, portion (5.8%) of the variance in survival. We also found that risky (vs. “shy”) behavioural types live significantly longer in the wild, but not in the laboratory. This suggests that individuals expressing risky behaviours might be of overall higher quality but the lack of predation pressure and resource restrictions mask this effect in laboratory environments. Our work demonstrates that individual differences in behaviour explain important differences in survival but not in the direction predicted by theory. Importantly, this suggests that models predicting behaviour to be a mediator of reproduction‐survival trade‐offs may need revision and/or empiricists may need to reconsider their proxies of risky behaviours when testing such theory.
Long‐term risk of stroke and its predictors in transient ischaemic attack patients in Germany
Authors: Jacob L. , Tanislav C. , Kostev K. 
Published: December 2019

Background and purposeLittle is known about the long‐term association between transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and stroke. Therefore, the goal of this study was to analyze the long‐term risk of stroke and associated predictors in a large cohort of TIA patients followed in general practices in Germany.MethodsThis study included patients with an initial TIA diagnosis and subsequently followed up in one of 1262 general practices in Germany between January 2007 and December 2016 (N = 19 824 patients). The primary outcome of the study was the risk of ischaemic stroke within 10 years of the initial diagnosis of TIA. The secondary outcome was the identification of demographic, clinical and pharmaceutical variables significantly associated with stroke in TIA patients.ResultsWithin 10 years of the initial TIA diagnosis, 18.3% of individuals were diagnosed with stroke. Age was positively associated with stroke, with hazard ratios ranging from 1.88 in patients aged 51–60 years to 4.00 in those aged >80 years (reference group: patients aged ≤50 years). Furthermore, male sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation and ischaemic heart diseases had an additional impact on the risk of stroke. Finally, new oral anticoagulants, heparins, diuretics, angiotensin II receptor blockers and platelet aggregation inhibitors were identified as protective factors.ConclusionsIn a cohort of almost 20 000 TIA patients, 18.3% were diagnosed with stroke within 10 years after the TIA index event. Several demographic, clinical and pharmaceutical variables significantly predicted the long‐term risk of stroke in TIA patients.
Pseudo‐anticipation in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is due to a rhomboid‐shaped artifact
Authors: Cohen O. S. , Kahana E. , Korczyn A. D. , Ziv‐Baran T. , Nitsan Z. , Appel S. , Rosenmann H. , Chapman J. 
Published: December 2019

Background and purposePrevious studies have reported conflicting results regarding possible anticipation in familial E200K Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (fCJD). Our objective was to use a large database to assess the age of disease onset (AODO) in CJD.MethodsThe study population included 477 CJD patients [266 with fCJD, 145 with sporadic CJD (sCJD) and 66 patients of Libyan origin but negative family history] from the Israeli registry of CJD conducted since 1954. In all patients, AODO in relatives and family trees was documented. Comparison of AODO was done using a paired t test and regression using Pearson correlation for birth and year of onset.ResultsThe initial analysis in 52/73 families in which more than one generation was affected revealed an AODO of 63.30 ± 9.44 in the first generation compared to 56.96 ± 8.99 in the second generation (P < 0.001). However, inspection of individual AODO values plotted by year of birth showed a clear rhomboid methodological artifact generated by missing data of many young onset CJD patients who died before the database began to function in 1954 and of many late onset CJD patients missing at the present time since they will only develop the disease in the future. The ‘generation’ effect completely disappears if analysis is performed by year of disease onset or for the periods in which complete data are available.ConclusionsIn this very large dataset, true anticipation in fCJD patients was not detected. It is plausible that previous reports supporting the presence of anticipation are biased by a rhomboid‐shaped data availability artifact.
Rhenium‐188 radiosynovectomy for chronic haemophilic synovitis: Evaluation of its safety and efficacy in haemophilic patients
Authors: Kachooei Amir R. , Heidari Arash , Divband Ghasemali , Zandinezhad Mohammad E. , Mousavian Alireza , Farhangi Hamid , Aminzadeh Behzad , Zarifian Ahmadreza , Bagheri Farshid , Badiei Zahra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionRadiocolloids labelled with less costly and more accessible radionuclides such as rhenium‐188 are of interest to developing countries compared with those labelled with rhenium‐186 and yttrium‐90.AimThis study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiosynovectomy using rhenium‐188 in patients with chronic haemophilic synovitis and recurrent hemarthrosis.MethodsIn this quasi‐experimental prospective study, 20 haemophilic patients were evaluated at preinjection, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after injection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done to measure synovial thickness and to calculate Denver score. Joint radiographs were taken to measure the Pettersson score. The Gilbert questionnaire, Functional Independence Score in Hemophilia (FISH) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain were completed, and the number of bleeding episodes and factor consumption were recorded at each follow‐up visit.ResultsThe number of bleeding episodes, the amount of factor consumption per month, VAS pain scores and synovial thickness decreased significantly over time (P < .05). Gilbert and FISH scores showed significant improvement (P < .001). However, Pettersson score and Denver score showed no significant changes after injection. Minor complications including temporary pain and swelling occurred in 20% of patients, and no major complication was observed after rhenium‐188 injection.ConclusionOur results indicated high clinical impact, efficacy, safety and low invasion of rhenium‐188 in radiosynovectomy of haemophilic patients. Considering the availability and relatively low cost of rhenium‐188 in developing countries, this can be a good treatment option for haemophilic patients with recurrent hemarthrosis, particularly when the synovial hypertrophy is not massive yet.
A potential diagnostic pitfall for hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wong Kristine S , Chen Tiffany Y , Higgins Sara E , Howitt Brooke E , Lorch Jochen H , Alexander Erik K , Marqusee Ellen , Cho Nancy L , Nehs Matthew A , Doherty Gerard M , Barletta Justine A 
Published: December 2019

AimsHobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is an aggressive PTC subtype characterised by a hobnail cytomorphology. However, some classic PTC have a ‘hobnail‐like’ cytomorphology associated with thick, hyalinised, variably oedematous fibrovascular cores that appears to be a form of ischaemic/degenerative atypia.Methods and resultsWe studied three cohorts to compare the histopathological characteristics and clinical outcome of ‘hobnail‐like’ classic PTC and true hobnail variant of PTC: cohort 1, PTC consecutively resected between 2016 and 2017 (to assess frequency of ‘hobnail‐like’ cytomorphology); cohort 2, 20 ‘hobnail‐like’ classic PTC resected between 2005 and 2007 (to assess clinical outcome); and cohort 3, seven true hobnail variant of PTC. A ‘hobnail‐like’ cytomorphology was identified in 16% of consecutively resected PTC. Compared with true hobnail variant, ‘hobnail‐like’ classic PTC occurred in younger patients (mean age 40 years versus 68 years, P < 0.001), were smaller tumours (mean tumour size 2.1 cm versus 4.4 cm, P < 0.001), had a lower rate of gross extrathyroidal extension (0% versus 71%, P < 0.001), had a lower proliferative rate (≥3 mitoses per 10 high‐power fields seen in 0% versus 71%, P < 0.001; Ki67 index ≥5% in 0% versus 86%, P < 0.001), a lower rate of secondary pathogenic mutations (for cases with molecular data, 0% versus 100%, P = 0.0061) and improved survival (for cases with sufficient clinical outcome data, 10‐year disease‐free survival of 93% versus 0%, P = 0.0016).ConclusionClassic PTC can show ischaemic/degenerative atypia that mimics the hobnail cytomorphology of true hobnail variant; however, these tumours lack aggressive histopathological features and pursue an indolent clinical course.
Optimisation of protein‐enriched gluten‐free layer cakes using a mixture design
Authors: Bravo‐Núñez Ángela , Sahagún Marta , Bravo‐Núñez Andrés , Gómez Manuel 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe effect of different protein mixtures (pea, whey and egg white proteins) on the physical characteristics of batters and baked gluten‐free layer cakes after substituting 45% of flour was evaluated. A mixture design approach was used to determine the interaction effects of the three proteins on the cakes physical characteristics. For batter density, two interactions were observed, and higher values were found for batters containing a mixture of 60–80% egg white and 20–40% whey than in batter containing only one of these proteins, or a pea content of 70–90% than in batter containing only pea. For batter viscosity, significant interactions between egg white and pea, and between whey and pea proteins were observed, which explains the gentler decrease in viscosity at higher egg white and/or whey protein ratios. Regarding hardness, an interaction between egg white and whey occurred, and increasing whey content helped to reduce hardness to a greater extent than increasing pea content.
ING4 alleviated lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation by regulating the NF‐κB pathway via a direct interaction with SIRT1
Authors: Yang Yunshu , Liu Yang , He Xiang , Yang Fangfang , Han Shichao , Qin Anhui , Wu Gaofeng , Liu Mengdong , Li Zhenzhen , Wang Jing , Yang Xuekang , Hu Dahai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSepsis is a complex inflammatory disorder in which high mortality is associated with an excessive inflammatory response. Inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4), which is a cofactor of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase complexes, could negatively regulate this inflammation. However, the exact molecular signaling pathway regulated by ING4 remains uncertain. As a pivotal histone deacetylase, Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), which is widely accepted to be an anti‐inflammatory molecule, has not been found to be linked to ING4. This study investigated how ING4 is involved in the regulation of inflammation by constructing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced macrophage and mouse sepsis models. Our results revealed that ING4 expression decreased, whereas the levels of proinflammatory cytokines increased in LPS‐stimulated cultured primary macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells. ING4 transfection was confirmed to alleviate the LPS‐induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, ING4‐overexpressing mice were hyposensitive to an LPS challenge and displayed reduced organ injury. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation indicated a direct interaction between ING4 and the SIRT1 protein. Moreover, ING4 could block nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) P65 nuclear translocation and restrict P65 acetylation at lysine 310 induced by LPS treatment. These results are the first to clarify that the anti‐inflammatory role of ING4 is associated with SIRT1, through which ING4 inhibits NF‐κB signaling activation. Our studies provide a novel signaling axis involving ING4/SIRT1/NF‐κB in LPS‐induced sepsis.
Vocal pattern detection of depression among older adults
Authors: Smith Marianne , Dietrich Bryce Jensen , Bai Er‐wei , Bockholt Henry Jeremy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDepression is a serious problem for many older adults but is too often undetected by the person, family or providers. Although vocal patterns have been successfully used to detect and predict depression in adults aged 18 to 65 years, no studies to date have included older adults. The study purpose was to determine whether vocal patterns associated with clinical depression in younger people also signify depression in older adults. An observational, repeated measures design was used to enroll 46 volunteer older adults who completed a semi‐structured interview composed the 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire or PHQ‐9 depression scale and selected speech measures. Recorded interviews were analysed by machine learning algorithms to evaluate whether vocal patterns may predict presence of depression in older adults. In this study, using the PHQ‐9 and a supervised machine learning algorithm accurately predicted high and low depression scores between 86% and 92% of the time. Change in raw PHQ‐9 scores between interview cycles was predicted within 1.17 points. These results provide strong and promising evidence that vocal patterns can be used effectively to detect clinical depression in adults who are 65 years and older.
Thermodynamics and crystallization kinetics of REEs in CaO–SiO2–Ce2O3 system
Authors: Lan Xi , Gao Jintao , Du Yu , Guo Zhancheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) have become increasingly important as ceramic materials. The RE‐bearing slags contain massive REEs resources, whereas the lack of thermodynamic and kinetic data of REEs has brought great difficulties to efficient recovery of REEs from RE‐bearing slags and the application in ceramics. According to the compositions of the RE‐bearing slags in industrial production, the isothermal phase equilibria of CaO–SiO2–Ce2O3 system at 1500°C and 1300°C were constructed by means of liquid‐quenching method combined with a series of analyses, which provides the thermodynamic data for the equilibria of REEs. On this basis, the crystallization behaviors of the RE phase (Ce9.33−xCax(SiO4)6O2−0.5x) was investigated, and the temperature range in which the RE phase crystallized singly in RE‐bearing slags with a selected compositions was acquired. CCT and TTT diagrams for CaO–SiO2–Ce2O3 system were established to characterize the crystallization kinetics of the RE phase, and the favorable conditions for its crystallization and growth in RE‐bearing slags were determined. In this study, the complete thermodynamic and kinetic basic data of REEs in CaO–SiO2–Ce2O3 system are provided for RE‐bearing slags.
Field‐assisted heating of Gd‐doped ceria thin film
Authors: Phuah Xin Li , Wang Han , Qi Zhimin , Misra Shikhar , Kalaswad Matias , Wang Haiyan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFlash sintering has recently been used to sinter various bulk ceramics under reduced sintering temperatures and sintering time by applying an electric field across the sample. In this work, we have demonstrated field‐assisted heating of 10 mol% Gd‐doped CeO2 thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition. Microstructure analysis revealed the elongated grains aligned in the out‐of‐plane direction which is perpendicular to the direction of electric field. The overall microstructure of the flash‐heated thin film also contained a matrix of porous and clustered regions, which are distributed throughout the thin film from the anode to cathode electrode regions. The flash‐heated thin film showed significantly different conductivity and optical permittivity compared to the as‐grown thin films. This demonstration suggests a feasible approach for post‐deposition synthesis of thin films using field‐assisted heating toward novel morphologies and properties.
Well‐being and thriving in sheltered housing versus ageing in place: Results from the U‐age sheltered housing study
Authors: Corneliusson Laura , Sköldunger Anders , Sjögren Karin , Lövheim Hugo , Lindkvist Marie , Wimo Anders , Winblad Bengt , Sandman Per‐Olof , Edvardsson David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore to what extent type of residence (sheltered housing or ageing in place) contributes to thriving and well‐being in older adults, when controlling for age, sex, living alone, being a widow and adjusting for functional status, self‐rated health, and depressive mood.DesignA matched cohort study.MethodsA self‐report survey was sent out to a total population of residents in all sheltered housings in Sweden and a matched control group ageing in place (N = 3,805). The data collection took place between October 2016–January 2017.ResultsThe interaction analyses related to thriving showed that with increasing level of depressive mood and decreasing levels of self‐rated health and functional status, those residing in sheltered housing generally reported higher levels of thriving, as compared with those ageing in place. Well‐being was not found to be significantly associated with type of accommodation.ConclusionThere may be features in sheltered housing that are associated with resident thriving especially among individuals with impairments of function, health or mood, although further studies are required to identify these specific features.ImpactThis study informs staff and policymakers about thriving and well‐being in sheltered housing accommodations. These findings may be used to further the development of sheltered housing accommodations.
Asian management of hypertension: Current status, home blood pressure, and specific concerns in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Hao‐Min , Lin Hung‐Ju , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Chen Chen‐Huan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractApproximately 25% of the population in Taiwan has hypertension, and the rate has increased over time. Although age‐standardized cardiovascular mortality has decreased over the last 25 years, the annual stroke incidence has increased, and national health insurance reimbursement for cardiovascular disease (CVD) has grown by 22% over the last 10 years. Automatic oscillometric sphygmomanometer devices are increasingly available and affordable in Taiwan, making this the main method of out‐of‐office blood pressure (BP) measurement. Furthermore, home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM), along with shared informed decision making, could be beneficial in driving changes in health behavior and hypertension management. The 2015 Guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology and the Taiwan Hypertension Society for the Management of Hypertension recognize that home BP is a stronger predictor of CVD than office BP. Therefore, HBPM is recommended and implementation instructions provided. However, a home BP target that corresponds to the office BP used in the majority of clinical studies has yet to be clearly defined. Care for hypertension in Taiwan takes place more often in the hospital versus primary care setting. Combination therapy, often fixed drug combinations, is needed in 60% of patients to achieve BP control. Calcium channel blockers are the most commonly prescribed agents, followed by angiotensin receptor blockers. Overall, there is still substantial room for improvement in the awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension in Taiwan. HBPM has a central diagnostic and prognostic role in the management of hypertension.
Adenosine inhibits human astrocyte proliferation independently of adenosine receptor activation
Authors: Marcelino Helena , Nogueira Vanda C. , Santos Cecília R.A. , Quelhas Patrícia , Carvalho Tiago M.A. , Fonseca‐Gomes João , Tomás Joana , Diógenes Maria J. , Sebastião Ana M. , Cascalheira José F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBrain adenosine concentrations can reach micromolar concentrations in stressful situations such as stroke, neurodegenerative diseases or hypoxic regions of brain tumours. Adenosine can act by receptor‐independent mechanism by reversing the reaction catalysed by S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase, leading to SAH accumulation and inhibition of S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM)‐dependent methyltransferases. Astrocytes are essential in maintaining brain homeostasis but their pathological activation and uncontrolled proliferation plays a role in neurodegeneration and glioma. Adenosine can affect cell proliferation, but the effect of increased adenosine concentration on proliferation of astrocytes is not clarified and was addressed in present work.Human astrocytes (HA) were treated for 3 days with test drugs. Cell proliferation/viability was assessed by the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium assay and by cell counting. Cell death was evaluated by assessing lactate dehydrogenase release and by western blot analysis of αII‐Spectrin cleavage. 30 µM‐Adenosine caused a 40% ± 3% (p < .05, n = 5) reduction in cell proliferation/viability, an effect reversed by 2U/ml‐adenosine deaminase, but unchanged in the presence of antagonists of any of the adenosine receptors. Adenosine alone did not induce cell death. 100 µM‐Homocysteine alone caused 16% ± 3% (p < .05) decrease in HA proliferation. Combined action of adenosine and homocysteine decreased HA proliferation by 76% ± 4%, an effect higher (p < .05) than the sum of the effects of adenosine and homocysteine alone (56% ± 5%). The inhibitory effect of adenosine on HA proliferation/viability was mimicked by two adenosine kinase inhibitors and attenuated in the presence of folate (100 µM) or SAM (50‐100 µM). The results suggest that adenosine reduces HA proliferation by a receptor‐independent mechanism probably involving reversal of SAH hydrolase‐catalysed reaction.
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