bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic competition and resource partitioning during the early life of two widespread, abundant and ecologically similar fishes
Authors: Nunn A. D. , Vickers L. H. , Mazik K. , Bolland J. D. , Peirson G. , Axford S. N. , Henshaw A. , Cowx I. G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCompetition and resource partitioning can have profound implications for individuals, populations and communities, and thus food webs, ecosystems and the management of biota and environments. In many species, the impacts of competition and resource partitioning are believed to be most severe during early life, but our understanding of the mechanisms and implications is incomplete. This study revealed short-term variations in both the occurrence and direction of competition during the early life of roach Rutilus rutilus and common bream Abramis brama, two of the most widespread and abundant fish species in Europe. There was also evidence of resource partitioning when small taxa dominated the zooplankton, but not when larger taxa were more abundant. In spite of the differences in foraging ecology, there were no significant differences in growth or nutritional condition in allopatry and sympatry. Similar to the concept of condition-specific competition, when competitive abilities vary along environmental gradients, the impacts of interspecific interactions on foraging ecology, growth and condition are dynamic and likely vary according to temporal fluctuations in prey availability. This is important because short-term incidences of competition could have cascading effects on food webs, even when no impacts on growth rates or condition are detected.
Migration and habitat use of the landlocked riverine Atlantic salmon Salmo salar småblank
Authors: Davidsen Jan G. , Eikås Linda , Hedger Richard D. , Thorstad Eva B. , Rønning Lars , Sjursen Aslak D. , Berg Ole K. , Bremset Gunnbjørn , Karlsson Sten , Sundt-Hansen Line E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract“Småblank” is the only population of Atlantic salmon in Europe living its entire life in the river habitat without performing migrations to the sea or lakes. Home range size and habitat use were compared between an unregulated tributary and hydro-power regulated parts of the main river during 2014–2017. In total, 140 småblank were tagged with radio transmitters and tracked for 4–5 months. Tagged fish tended to stay within small areas: the average 50% home range was 1123 m2and the average 95% home range was 4416 m2. Mean distance between the furthermost positions for individual fish during tracking was 242 m, and the fish did not migrate between different stretches of the river. The small home range and non-migrating behaviour may explain why småblank are divided into several genetically distinct populations with limited gene flow. The results showed that småblank were far more stationary than what is known for other landlocked salmon populations. Use of moderate or high water velocities’ (> 50 s−1) areas with coarse river substrates implies a vulnerability to anthropogenic effects such as water diversion, dams and weirs.
The Effect of Organophosphate Exposure on Neuronal Cell Coenzyme Q10 Status
Authors: Turton Nadia , Heaton Robert A. , Ismail Fahima , Roberts Sioned , Nelder Sian , Phillips Sue , Hargreaves Iain P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOrganophosphate (OP) compounds are widely used as pesticides and herbicides and exposure to these compounds has been associated with both chronic and acute forms of neurological dysfunction including cognitive impairment, neurophysiological problems and cerebral ataxia with evidence of mitochondrial impairment being associated with this toxicity. In view of the potential mitochondrial impairment, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to commonly used OPs, dichlorvos, methyl-parathion (parathion) and chloropyrifos (CPF) on the cellular level of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) electron carrier, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The effect of a perturbation in CoQ10 status was also evaluated on mitochondrial function and cell viability. A significant decreased (P < 0.0001) in neuronal cell viability was observed following treatment with all three OPs (100 µM), with dichlorvos appearing to be the most toxic to cells and causing an 80% loss of viability. OP treatment also resulted in a significant diminution in cellular CoQ10 status, with levels of this isoprenoid being decreased by 72% (P < 0.0001), 62% (P < 0.0005) and 43% (P < 0.005) of control levels following treatment with dichlorvos, parathion and CPF (50 µM), respectively. OP exposure was also found to affect the activities of the mitochondrial enzymes, citrate synthase (CS) and mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex II+III. Dichlorvos and CPF (50 µM) treatment significantly decreased CS activity by 38% (P < 0.0001) and 35% (P < 0.0005), respectively compared to control levels in addition to causing a 54% and 57% (P < 0.0001) reduction in complex II+III activity, respectively. Interestingly, although CoQ10 supplementation (5 μM) was able to restore cellular CoQ10 status and CS activity to control levels following OP treatment, complex II+III activity was only restored to control levels in neuronal cells exposed to dichlorvos (50 µM). However, post supplementation with CoQ10, complex II+III activity significantly increased by 33% (P < 0.0005), 25% (P < 0.005) and 35% (P < 0.0001) in dichlorvos, parathion and CPF (100 µM) treated cells respectively compared to non-CoQ10 supplemented cells. In conclusion, the results of this study have indicated evidence of neuronal cell CoQ10 deficiency with associated mitochondrial dysfunction following OP exposure. Although CoQ10 supplementation was able to ameliorate OP induced deficiencies in CS activity, ETC complex II+III activity appeared partially refractory to this treatment. Accordingly, these results indicate the therapeutic potential of CoQ10 supplementation in the treatment of OP poisoning. However, higher doses may be required to engender therapeutic efficacy.
Transcriptional and metabolite analysis reveal a shift in direct and indirect defences in response to spider-mite infestation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: He Jun , Bouwmeester Harro J. , Dicke Marcel , Kappers Iris F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Key message
Cucumber plants adapt their transcriptome and metabolome as result of spider mite infestation with opposite consequences for direct and indirect defences in two genotypes.

Abstract
Plants respond to arthropod attack with the rearrangement of their transcriptome which lead to subsequent phenotypic changes in the plants’ metabolome. Here, we analysed transcriptomic and metabolite responses of two cucumber (Cucumis sativus) genotypes to chelicerate spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) during the first 3 days of infestation. Genes associated with the metabolism of jasmonates, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and l-phenylalanine were most strongly upregulated. Also, genes involved in the biosynthesis of precursors for indirect defence-related terpenoids were upregulated while those involved in the biosynthesis of direct defence-related cucurbitacin C were downregulated. Consistent with the observed transcriptional changes, terpenoid emission increased and cucurbitacin C content decreased during early spider-mite herbivory. To further study the regulatory network that underlies induced defence to spider mites, differentially expressed genes that encode transcription factors (TFs) were analysed. Correlation analysis of the expression of TF genes with metabolism-associated genes resulted in putative identification of regulators of herbivore-induced terpenoid, green-leaf volatiles and cucurbitacin biosynthesis. Our data provide a global image of the transcriptional changes in cucumber leaves in response to spider-mite herbivory and that of metabolites that are potentially involved in the regulation of induced direct and indirect defences against spider-mite herbivory.
Who sees the most? Differences in students’ and educational research experts’ first impressions of classroom instruction
Authors: Begrich Lukas , Fauth Benjamin , Kunter Mareike 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, the assessment of instructional quality has grown into a popular and well-funded arm of educational research. The present study contributes to this field by exploring first impressions of untrained raters as an innovative approach of assessment. We apply the thin slice procedure to obtain ratings of instructional quality along the dimensions of cognitive activation, classroom management, and constructive support based on only 30 s of classroom observations. Ratings were compared to the longitudinal data of students taught in the videos to investigate the connections between the brief glimpses into instructional quality and student learning. In addition, we included samples of raters with different backgrounds (university students, middle school students and educational research experts) to understand the differences in thin slice ratings with respect to their predictive power regarding student learning. Results suggest that each group provides reliable ratings, as measured by a high degree of agreement between raters, as well predictive ratings with respect to students’ learning. Furthermore, we find experts’ and middle school students’ ratings of classroom management and constructive support, respectively, explain unique components of variance in student test scores. This incremental validity can be explained with the amount of implicit knowledge (experts) and an attunement to assess specific cues that is attributable to an emotional involvement (students).
Runtime verification of real-time event streams under non-synchronized arrival
Authors: Leucker Martin , Sánchez César , Scheffel Torben , Schmitz Malte , Schramm Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study the problem of online runtime verification of real-time event streams. Our monitors can observe concurrent systems with a shared clock, but where each component reports observations as signals that arrive to the monitor at different speeds and with different and varying latencies. We start from specifications in a fragment of the TeSSLa specification language, where streams (including inputs and final verdicts) are not restricted to be Booleans but can be data from richer domains, including integers and reals with arithmetic operations and aggregations. Specifications can be used both for checking logical properties and for computing statistics and general numeric temporal metrics (and properties on these richer metrics). We present an online evaluation algorithm for the specification language and a concurrent implementation of the evaluation algorithm. The algorithm can tolerate and exploit the asynchronous arrival of events without synchronizing the inputs. Then, we introduce a theory of asynchronous transducers and show a formal proof of the correctness such that every possible run of the monitor implements the semantics. Finally, we report an empirical evaluation of a highly concurrent Erlang implementation of the monitoring algorithm.
Identification of a novel bovine copiparvovirus in pooled fetal bovine serum
Authors: Baylis Sally A. , Miskey Csaba , Blümel Johannes , Kaiser Marco , Kapusinszky Beatrix , Delwart Eric 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novel parvovirus was identified as a cell culture contaminant by metagenomic analysis. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to determine viral loads in the cell culture supernatant and further analysis, by ddPCR and DNA sequencing, demonstrated that fetal bovine serum (FBS) used during cell culture was the source of the parvovirus contamination. The FBS contained ~ 50,000 copies of the novel parvovirus DNA per ml of serum. The viral DNA was resistant to DNAse digestion. Near-full length sequence of the novel parvovirus was determined. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that virus belongs to theCopiparvovirusgenus, being most closely related to bovine parvovirus 2 (BPV2) with 41% identity with the non-structural protein NS1 and 47% identity with the virus capsid protein of BPV2. A screen of individual and pooled bovine sera identified a closely related variant of the novel virus in a second serum pool. For classification purposes, the novel virus has been designated bovine copiparvovirus species 3 isolate JB9 (bocopivirus 3-JB9).
Enhanced composting as a way to a climate-friendly management of coffee by-products
Authors: San Martin Ruiz Macarena , Reiser Martin , Kranert Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the performance of aerobic windrow systems by using coffee by-products and green waste to reduce gaseous emissions. Thereafter, a comparison with the current treatment and gaseous emissions at a Coffee Mill in Costa Rica was made. Two different studies where performed in Germany (pile I and II) and one study in a Coffee Mill in Costa Rica (pile III). Temperature, water content, and pH were the key parameters controlled over 35 days in all the systems. Moreover, CH4 emission rates were quantified by a FTIR and by a portable gas detector device where the emissions reached values 100 times higher when coffee by-products as a unique material for the composting process was used. Results show that highest emission rates during the composting process for pile I was 0.007 g(m2)−1 h−1, for pile II 0.006 g(m2)−1 h−1, and for pile III 3.1 g(m2)−1 h−1. It was found that CH4 emissions could be avoided if the mixture and the formation of the windrow piles were performed following the key parameter for composting, and the usage of additional material is used. With this, the reduction of CH4 emissions at the Mill in Costa Rica could be achieved in the future.
Partizipative Führung: Auf den Spuren eines Konzeptes
Authors: Rybnikova Irma , Lang Rainhart 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) befasst sich mit ausgewählten Konzepten zur partizipativen Führung, mit denen die Führungsforschung aufwartet. Das Ziel besteht darin, eine kritische Inspektion der den Konzepten zugrundeliegenden Annahmen über die Partizipation im Führungsgeschehen vorzunehmen. Dabei richten wir unseren Fokus zuerst auf die historischen Vorläufer der Führungspartizipation, wie die Überlegungen von Mary Parker Follett, Kurt Lewin, Robert Tannenbaum und Warren H. Schmidt. Anschließend diskutieren wir eine Reihe ausgewählter aktueller Konzepte aus dem Bereich partizipativer Führung in Bezug auf deren analytischen Kerndimensionen und rhetorischen Ansprüche. Die Konzepte durchleuchten wir in Bezug darauf, inwiefern diese auf die humanistisch inspirierte Demokratisierung von Organisationen mittels partizipativer Führung abstellen, oder partizipative Führung als ein weiteres Mittel zur Leistungssteigerung in Organisationen thematisieren, oder womöglich beides. Zum Schluss gehen wir darauf ein, welche dieser vielfältigen konzeptionellen Vorüberlegungen Eingang in die Diskussion zum agilen Management gefunden haben.
Sarcopenia in Liver Transplantation: an Update
Authors: Dhaliwal A. , Williams F. R. , El-sherif O. , Armstrong Matthew J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewPatients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) are at high risk of sarcopenia and associated physical frailty. This review summarises advances in our knowledge of the definition, assessment, clinical implications and management of sarcopenia in LT.Recent FindingsSarcopenia is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, physical disability and poor quality of life both before and after LT. Assessment tools have evolved from solely relying on imaging (i.e. muscle area only) to reproducible measures of function and physical performance status (i.e. liver frailty index). The multi-faceted management of sarcopenia is heavily reliant on nutrition (protein > 1.5 g/kg/day) and exercise (combined aerobic and resistance) advice.SummaryThere is an increased awareness of the clinical implications, assessment tools and management for patients with sarcopenia awaiting LT. Future studies need to investigate the role of specific nutritional supplements, pharmaco-/behavioural therapy and the long-term outcomes (e.g. survival) of reversing sarcopenia in this patient population.
Mineral Composition and Antioxidant Potential in the Common Poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) Petal Infusions
Authors: Katarzyna Janda , Karolina Jakubczyk , Patrycja Kupnicka , Mateusz Bosiacki , Izabela Gutowska 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe flowers of the common poppy are used for medicinal purposes, both internally and externally. They are reported to have antispasmodic and antitussive properties, to alleviate inflammatory conditions and soothe anxiety-related digestive problems. The aim of the study was to determine the antioxidant potential and the content of vitamin C, polyphenols, and minerals in infusions made from the petals of the common poppy at different temperatures. The infusions were made at various temperatures (25 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C). The antioxidant potential and the content of polyphenols and vitamin C were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The mineral content was determined using the ICP-OES method. The total polyphenol content ranged from 135.2 to 137.24 ppm and that of vitamin C—from 15.47 to 15.78 mg/100 mL. The temperature of the water used to make the infusions did not appear to have a significant effect on these parameters. The temperature did, however, significantly affect the antioxidant potential of the infusions—the highest antioxidant activity (71.21% DPPH inhibition) was observed in the infusion prepared using water at 80 °C. The infusions included in the study contained a number of minerals. No significant effect of temperature was found for the content of K, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni in the infusions. On the other hand, the content of Ca in the infusions was significantly correlated with the increasing temperature of the water. It was concluded that poppy petal infusions may serve as a valuable dietary supplement, providing antioxidants and minerals required by the human body to function properly.
The Effect of Industry-Level Aggregate Demand on Earnings: Evidence from the US
Authors: McCausland W. D. , Summerfield F. , Theodossiou I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEconomic theory suggests that workers’ pay is mainly determined by their marginal product and that industry wage differentials may result either from the structure of the industry (demand type factors) or human capital characteristics of the employed labour force (supply type factors). This study uses a major data set from the US that allows the investigation of the effects of these demand and supply type factors on average earnings across industries. Importantly, this paper shows that aggregate demand relevant to the particular industry has a strong positive effect on the industry’s average earnings in addition to the previously established results regarding the significance of the effects of worker and firm characteristics. Consequently, labour market policies crafted without due consideration of macroeconomic demand may be ineffective as a solution to the proliferation of low pay employment.
SOCS3 Attenuates GM-CSF/IFN-γ-Mediated Inflammation During Spontaneous Spinal Cord Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Xuejie , He Bingqiang , Li Hui , Wang Yingjie , Zhou Yue , Wang Wenjuan , Song Tiancheng , Du Nan , Gu Xingxing , Luo Yi , Wang Yongjun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSOCS3, a feedback inhibitor of the JAK/STAT signal pathway, negatively regulates axonal regrowth and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we demonstrated a distinct role of SOCS3 in the injured spinal cord of the gecko following tail amputation. Severing the gecko spinal cord did not evoke an inflammatory cascade except for an injury-stimulated elevation of the granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) cytokines. Simultaneously, the expression of SOCS3 was upregulated in microglia, and unexpectedly not in neurons. Enforced expression of SOCS3 was sufficient to suppress the GM-CSF/IFN-γ-driven inflammatory responses through its KIR domain by attenuating the activities of JAK1 and JAK2. SOCS3 was also linked to GM-CSF/IFN-γ-induced cross-tolerance. Transfection of adenovirus overexpressing SOCS3 in the injured cord resulted in a significant decrease of inflammatory cytokines. These results reveal a distinct role of SOCS3 in the regenerating spinal cord, and provide new hints for CNS repair in mammals.
Fusarium solani induces the formation of agarwood in Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke branches
Authors: Faizal Ahmad , Azar Alda Wydia Prihartini , Turjaman Maman , Esyanti Rizkita Rachmi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAgarwood is a resinous wood produced by some members of plant family Thymelaeaceae under certain conditions. Agarwood is highly prized, but its formation requires a long-time process in nature. Therefore, various induction techniques have been explored to hasten the process. In this study, we induced agarwood in Gyrinops versteegii, one of the most abundant agarwood-producing trees in Indonesia. We used 12 trees and wounded four branches on each tree through an injection process. We used two strains of the endophytic fungi Fusarium solani isolated from Gorontalo and Jambi Provinces. After 3 months, the inoculated wood had an extensive resinous zone, when compared to wounded control wood. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the inoculated samples revealed the presence of several sesquiterpenes characteristic of agarwood. These included alloaromadendrene, β-eudesmol and β-selinene as well as the chromone derivatives 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromen-4-one, 6-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromen-4-one, and 6,7-dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromen-4-one. We conclude that this method successfully induced agarwood to form in a matter of months and could be used to enhance the success of agarwood cultivation.
Uplift pressure and hydraulic gradient in Sabalan Dam
Authors: Norouzi Reza , Salmasi Farzin , Arvanaghi Hadi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates the effects of clay core thickness and cutoff wall depth on some of the design parameters in the Sabalan rock fill dam by the finite-element method using the SEEP/W software. Clay cores with various thicknesses and cutoff walls in different situations of dam foundations were tested. The results revealed that (1) the maximum hydraulic gradient in Sabalan dam foundation occurs in the cutoff wall; (2) the minimum hydraulic gradient can be found by changing the location of the cutoff wall, under the center of clay core; and (3) discharge reduction depends on the optimum position at heel of the core. As the permeability decreases and the depth of the cutoff wall increases, the hydraulic gradient in the cutoff wall increases. As the thickness of the clay core increases, hydraulic gradient and the seepage discharge decreases and the uplift pressure increases.