bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF METHANOL CONCENTRATION AS A SOLVENT ON TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT OF BELUNTAS LEAF EXTRACT (Pulchea indica L.)
Authors: Mahasuari Ni Putu Sinta , Paramita N. L. P. Vidya , Yadnya Putra A.A Gede Rai 
Published: December 2020

Background: Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) is an Indonesian plant that grows wild and is used as traditional medicine. Beluntas leaves are reported to contain phenolic, and flavonoid is a part of phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds other than flavonoids include 1,3,4,5-tetra-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid. Flavonoid compounds in beluntas leaves are quercetin, apigenin, luteolin and chrysoeriol. Methanol solvents are reported to be able to extract higher polyphenol and flavonoid contents than other solvents. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of 20%, 50% and 75% solvent concentration of methanol on total phenol and total flavonoid levels of beluntas leaf extract. Methods: In this study, the extraction process was carried out by maceration, the determination of total phenol content was carried out by the Follin-Ciocalteu method. Determination of total flavonoid levels was carried out by the Colorimetric method. Data on phenol and flavonoid levels were analyzed statistically. Results: The yield of beluntas leaf extract in this study was respectively from the lowest methanol concentration of 24.094% w/w, 31.126% w/w, 24.838% w/w. The value of total phenol levels increased with increasing methanol concentration, namely 124.84 mg GAE/g, 138.3 mg GAE/g, and 147.91 mg GAE/g. The highest total flavonoid value in 75% methanol extract is 69.72 mg QE/g, followed by 20% methanol extract at 46.29 mg QE/g and the lowest is found in 50% methanol extract at 32.80 mg QE/g. The results of statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the value of total phenol levels and total flavonoids of the three extracts. Conclusion: The difference in the concentration of methanol solvents affects the value of total phenol levels and total flavonoids with the highest value produced by a 75% methanol solvent.
Keywords: Beluntas Leaves (Pluchea indica L.), Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, Gallic Acid, Quercetin.
Potensi Ekstrak Cincau Hijau (Premna oblongifolia Merr.) dalam Menstimulasi Pertumbuhan Bakteri Asam Laktat Saluran Pencernaan
Authors: Ginting Friska Ekagia , Antara Nyoman Semadi , Wijaya I Made Mahaputra 
Published: December 2020

The green grass (Premna oblongifolia Merr), is a woody shrub plant mainly found in the forest. The main content of the plant is pectin, so green grass jelly is considered good source of dietary fiber, because the fiber can be fermented properly by digestive microflora (Gallaher, 2000). The fiber contained in green grass extract is believed to stimulate the growth of lactic acid bacteria in the digestive tract. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of green grass jelly extract in stimulating the growth of digestive bacteria. The research was carried out in a laboratory with the treatment of adding concentrations of green grass jelly extract powder, and glucose as a control. The media used was Yeast-Pepton which added 1% glucose, green cincau extract powder 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%. Fermentation was carried out at 37 ° C with 18 hours fermentation time. The results showed that the concentration of the green grass extract 0.2% gave the best total lactic acid bacteria, this could because at this concentration the media had not increased the viscosity which inhibited bacterial growth.
Keywords : green gras, pdigestive lactic acid bacteria, ectin.
Optimasi Suhu dan Lama Pengeringan pada Pembuatan Komposit Bioplastik Campuran Maizena dan Glukomanan
Authors: Pongmassangka Liza Natasya , Harsojuwono Bambang Admadi , Mulyani Sri 
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of temperature regulation and the appropriate drying time on the manufacture of bioplastic composites of maize and glucomannan mixtures, as well as providing information on science and technology in the field of bioplastics. This experimental design uses the complete random design method. The first factor is the drying temperature of bioplastic composites from a mixture of cornstarch and glucomannan which consists of 3 levels, namely 60 ± 1; 65 ± 1; 70 ± 1 ° C. Factor 2 is the drying time which consists of 3 levels, namely for 16, 17.5 and 19 hours. The variables observed were tensile strength, elongation at break, elasticity, swelling and biodegradation. Data were analyzed for diversity and continued with the Tukey test to find out the difference of design experiment. The results showed that temperature and drying time and their interactions had a very significant effect on tensile strength, elongation, elasticity, and water absorption. but the temperature treatment and interaction have no significant effect on the ability of biodegradation. The interaction between treatments has a very significant effect on elongation, elasticity and water absorption. and has a significant effect on tensile strength. The best biodegradable plastic characteristics were determined by tensile strength test at a temperature of 70 °C with 16 hours drying time which resulted in tensile strength values ??of 2,395MPa. Bioplastics produced in this study did not meet the criteria of mechanical tensile strength, elasticity and thickness development.
Keywords: Bioplastics, glycerol, glucomannan and maizena.
Kajian Terhadap Migrasi Plastik Hasil Induksi Panas pada Beberapa pH dan Jenis Asam Organik
Authors: Haseama Gabriella Mutiara , Wijaya I M. Mahaputra , Suwariani Ni Putu 
Published: December 2020

In Indonesian street food vendor, most of hot acidic food and drinks are served with plastic packaging and plastic cutlery. This research is aimed to study about the presence of plastic’s component migration as a result of heat induction in the presence of various pHs and organic acid, and to identify the types of migrated plastic components through its functional groups. In this research, the samples were 10 plastic packaging and cutlery made from LDPE, HDPE, PP, PE, and PS plastic. Acetic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid and three levels of pH which were pH 4, 5, and 6. Temperatures of 80 and 100 ? were used as representation of food and drinks served warm. Each samples were conditioned in each organic acids solutions with different pH (pH 4, 5, and 6) and thermal treatments were carried out for 1 hour in each temperature. The plastic migrations were detected using UV-Visible spectroscopy, followed by FTIR spectroscopy to identify functional groups of the migrated plastic components, followed by prediction of the migrated compound. The results suggested that plastic component migration were detected in all samples, and using lactic acid pH 4, 5, and 6 an antistatic diethanolamides was ruled plausible released from white plastic glass sample.
Keywords : plastic migration, organic acids, pH, spectroscopy, temperature.
Karakteristik Krim Kunyit Daun Asam (Curcuma domestica Val. - Tamarindus indica L.) pada Perlakuan Konsentrasi Emulsifier dan Waktu Pengadukan
Authors: . Mujahidah , Mulyani Sri , Suhendra Lutfi 
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to know cream of turmeric tamarind leaves on the treatment of concentration emulsifier and stirring time and to determine the concentration emulsifier and stirring time to produce characteristics of cream fulfill requirement of SNI. This study used a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was the concentration emulsifier which consist of three levels, namely 3, 5 and 7%. The second factor is stirring time which consist of three levels, namely 5, 7.5 and 10 minutes. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the tukey test. The result of the study showed that concentration emulsifier has an effect on the adhesion time, pH, viscocity and spread power. The stirring time has an effect on the adhesion time. Concentration emulsifier 5% and 7% with stirring time 10 minutes were creams that fulfill requirement of SNI. The characteristics cream of concentration emulsifier 5% with stirring time 10 minutes is: homogeneus, separation ratio = 1, adhetion time 48.52 seconds, viscocity 3550 cp, spread power 6.72 cm and pH 6.60. The characteristics cream of concentration emulsifier 7% with stirring time 10 minutes is: homogeneus, separation ratio = 1, adhetion time 28.82 seconds, viscocity 3650 cp, spread power 6.79 cm and pH 6.45.
Keywords : Span 80, tween 80, stirring time, turmeric and tamarind leaves.
Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel dan Lama Maserasi terhadap Karakteristik Ekstrak Virgin Coconut Oil Wortel (Daucus carota L.) sebagai Pewarna Alami
Authors: Ardyanti Ni Komang Novy Trisna , Suhendra Lutfi , Ganda Puta G.P. 
Published: December 2020

Carrots are vegetable plants that contain ?-carotene, carotenoids, and vitamin A which can be extracted with organic (non-polar) solvents. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a non-polar solute suitable for dissolving natural dyes and has a dielectric constant of 2.82 × 10-18, so that VCO can be used as a solvent in carotenoid extraction in carrots. The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of particle size and maceration duration on the characteristics of carrot VCO extract as a natural dye and obtain the best particle size and maceration time to obtain carrot VCO extract as a natural dye. This experiment was designed using a Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor is the particle size which consists of 3 levels, namely: P1 (40 mesh), P2 (60 mesh), and P3 (80 mesh). The second factor is maceration time which consists of 3 levels, namely: W1 (4 hours), W2 (6 hours), and W3 (8 hours). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with Tukey test. The results showed that particle size and maceration time a very significant effect on yield, total carotenoids, total ?-carotene levels, brightness level (L*), redness level (a*) and yellowish level (b*). Treatment particle size 80 mesh and maceration duration of 6 hours was the best treatment to extract carrot VCO with yield characteristics of 0.77 percent, total carotenoids 2425.9 (mg/L), total ?-carotene levels 123.39 (mg/L), brightness level (L *) 34.77, redness level (a *) 14.67, and yellowish level (b *) 25.84.
Keywords : VCO, carrot, extraction, particle size, time maceration.
Karakteristik Ekstrak Pewarna Alami Bunga Kenop (Gomphrena globosa L.) pada Perlakuan Ukuran Partikel dan Lama Maserasi serta Korelasi Antar Variabel
Authors: Ginting Rahel Br , Wartini Ni Made , Wrasiati Luh Putu 
Published: December 2020

Natural dyes from globe amaranth contain betacyanin obtained through the extraction process. This study aims to know the characteristics of natural dye extract globe amaranth on the treatment of particle size and maceration time as well as determine the correlation between total betacyanin with the yield and color intensity of natural dyes extract globe amaranth. This research used two factors namely, particle size (40, 60, and 80 mesh) and maceration time (24, 36, and 48 hours). The data analysis used a bivariate correlation test. The results showed the characteristics of the natural dyes extract globe amaranth on the treatment of particle size and maceration time were as follows: yield 10.61–13.64 percent, total betacyanin 92.42–166.62 mg/100g, brightness level (L*) 18.03–13.09, redness level (a*) 8.29–10.62, and yellowish level (b*) 3.85-7.66. Total betacyanin and yield have a strong but not significant correlation, with a coefficient correlation (r) 0.6631 and coefficient determination (R2) 0.4397. The correlation between total betacyanin with color intensity namely, brightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowish (b*) has a very strong and correlation with the coefficient correlation (r) respectively -0.872; 0.877; and -8.836 and coefficient determination (R2) respectively 0.7701; 0.7608; 0.7004.
Keywords : Gomphrena globosa L., betacyanin, corelation, nature dyes, extraction
Karakteristik Ekstrak Pewarna Alami Bunga Kenop (Gomphrena globosa L.) pada Perlakuan Jenis Pelarut dan Suhu Ekstraksi serta Korelasi antar Variabel
Authors: Fikri Zainul , Wartini Ni Made , Wrasiati Luh Putu 
Published: December 2020

Globe amaranth is one of the flowers contain betacyanin that potentially used as natural dye by extracting. This research aimed to find out the characteristics of natural dye extract of globe amaranth on the treatment of solvent types and extraction temperature as well as to determine the correlation between a total of betacyanin with the yield and color intensity of the natural dye extract of globe amaranth. This experiment was designed using two factors. The first factor was solvent types consisting of aquades, ethanol 48 percent, and ethanol 96 percent. The second factor was the extraction temperature consisting of 25, 35, and 45ºC. The data analysis used a bivariate correlation test. The results showed the characteristics of the natural dye extract of globe amaranth on the treatment of the type of solvent and extraction temperature were as follows: yield of 8.65 – 16.13 percent, betacyanin total 30.01 – 185.51 mg / 100g, brightness level (L*) 12.08 – 17.09, redness level (a*) 8.19 – 10.93, and yellowish level (b*) 4.77 – 7.87. A total of betacyanin was positively correlated with yield and the redness level (a*) with correlation coefficient value (r) 0.504 (strong) and 0.986 (very strong) and determination coefficient value (R2) 0.2541 and 0.9719, while a total of betacyanin was negatively correlated with the brightness level (L*) and the yellowish level (b*) with the correlation coefficient value (r) -0.932 (very strong) and -0.907 (very strong) and determination coefficient value (R2) 0.8679 and 0.8226.
Keywords: Gomphrena globosa L., betacyanin, extraction, correlation
Pengaruh Persentase Penambahan Bubuk Serat Oyong (Luffa acutangula) dan Lama Pengadukan terhadap Karakteristik Krim Body Scrub
Authors: Ahadianti Kadek Mei , Wrasiati Luh Putu , Ganda Putra Gusti Putu 
Published: December 2020

Body scrub cream is a semi-solid dosage form containing one or more dissolved or dispersed medicinal ingredients in suitable base ingredients and serves to smooth the body's skin and remove damaged skin cells with the help of scrub material. Oyong fiber (Luffa acutangula) is used as a scrubber material that is natural, biodegradable and inexpensive. The aim of this study to know the effect of the addition of oyong fiber powder and stirring time to the characteristics of body scrub cream and to determine the percentage of the addition of oyong fiber powder and length of stirring to produce the best body scrub cream. This research uses factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is the percentage of the addition of the Oyong fiber powder consisting of 3 levels namely 5, 7, 9 and 11% and the second factor is the stirring time consisting of 10, 15, and 20 minutes. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued by Tukey's test. The results of the study showed that the addition loofah (Luffa acutangula) fiber powder addition and the stirring time very affected the pH, viscosity, spreadability power, adhesion power and overall acceptance of the body scrub cream. The interaction between the addition loofah (Luffa acutangula) fiber powder addition and the stirring time very affected the viscosity and the spreadability power. Addition of 9% of loofah (Luffa acutangula) fiber powder and 20 minutes of the stirring time was the best treatment for body scrub cream with characteristics as follows: pH 4.60, viscosity 37600 cp, homogeny, spreadability power 4.6 cm, adhesion power 9.88 seconds, separation ratio=1 and overall acceptance 5,90 (rather like to like).
Keywords : body scrub cream, Luffa acutangula, stirring time
An Analysis of Context of Culture and Context of Situation in Obama’s Speech Text
Authors: Samsudin Samsudin 
Published: December 2020

Functional systemic linguistics studies the meaning of texts. In Understanding the meaning of the text, it needs the involvment of situation context and cultural context. The aim of this research is to analyze the speech text conveyed Barack Obama in terms of situation context and cultural context. This research used descriptive qualitative approach as research design. Technique of data analysis uses the context situation and cultural context analysis as formulated by Suzanne Eggins (2004) and Halliday and Hasan (1985). The result showed that situation context is determined in term of field, tenor, and mode. The field of the text is about description of the problems faced by American State and how to solve those problems. The tenor of this text describes that relation between Barak Obama and the audience is not equal. The mode of the text shows that text was conveyed orally and rewrited by the jurnalist in the form of written text. Then, the cutural context is determined in term of the word choice in making the meaning of the text. in addition, cultural context is also detemined by the genre and the purpose of text. Thus is analitical text by purposing to give the new hope and the solution solution about crisis happening in America.
Christos Tsiolkas’s The Slap Multiculturalism in Australia Now
Authors: Muljadi Hianly 
Published: December 2020

This study focuses on the use of narrative techniques, especially point of view, in a novel entitled The Slap written by an Australian author, Christos Tsiolkas. This novel begins with a barbeque party hosted by a couple in a suburban Melbourne. The party is attended by many of their friends, families and co-workers who come from many different ethnic backgrounds, mostly immigrants or immigrant descents in Australia. The story takes an interesting turn when a man slaps an unruly boy who is not his own. The boy’s parents become so furious and decide to report the incident to the police. The story then continues with the revelation on how the case goes. What is special about this novel is that the aftermath of the incident is written in multiple chapters, narrated by a different character for each chapter. Readers will be able to see what happen after the incident through the eyes of each character who not only talk about the incident but inform the readers also about their life and the people around them. This is very interesting considering all the characters come from different ethnics; Greek, Indian, Jew, and British Australian. Christos Tsiolkas claimed that he wanted to show the real Australia which is not often represented in other novels through this novel and he has chosen to use the 3rd person limited point of view as a means to deliver his message. At the end of the research it can be concluded that there is a shift in position between the white Australians and immigrants or immigrant descent nowadays in terms of superiority and inferiority.

Keywords: narrative technique, point of view, multiculturalism, immigrant, white Australians.
Women’s Rights and Colonization in The Short Story of The Jakarta Post
Authors: Ferdinal Ferdinal 
Published: December 2020

Right after the fall of Suharto’s regime, Indonesia has undergone tremendous changes in almost all aspects of life: political, economic, social, cultural, and possibly ideological lives. The changes bring new breaths to Indonesian future, especially in the area of women’s rights. This article discusses the issue of women’s rights in Indonesia based on a textual analysis. The purpose of this writing is to investigate the representation of women’s rights issues in some stories of The Jakarta Post, one of the most popular media which has also played an important role in popularizing and spreading such issues. Postcolonial criticism is used to see how the stories portray the issues of women’s rights, particularly gender equality and marginality. To study the issues, this analysis looks at two short stories: “Gender Equality” by Iwan Setiawan and “Street Smart Mom” by Eric Musa Piliang. The two stories represent the fact that Indonesian women fight against colonization for their rights in some different ways, as a smart wife and a poor street mother. The stories signal that Indonesian women struggle to escape from colonization through some actions such as moving forward to the center of power by maintaining superiority against men and living their lives as they wish in spite of being poor.
The Relationship Between Narcissistic Personality and Violent Behavior as Represented in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies
Authors: Said Mahwa , Rizano Gindho 
Published: December 2020

This thesis explores the violent behaviour illustrated in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. It focuses on the antagonist’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) in order to reveal the motives behind his violent behaviour. The writers apply psychoanalytical theory and brings in contemporary theories by experts in psychology in order to help better understand the psychological problems in the novel. The writers conclude that NPD and violent behaviour of the antagonist are ultimate interlinked.
Sartre’s Existentialism for Grant and Jefferson’s Educational Commitment in Ernest J. Gaines’s Novel: A Lesson Before Dying Lord of the Flies
Authors: Setyaningrum Rina Wahyu , Kurnia Fabiola Dharmawanti , Mustofa Ali 
Published: December 2020

Racism and Injustice have put Jefferson, a poor young black man, into an electrocution for murder and burglary that he has never done. As a coloured, he cannot do anything than accept the defense attorney verdict – white American Supreme Court’s desegregation – who addresses him as a “hog.” It leaves an inferior feeling that he is nothing but a hog. Comparing him to a hog attracts Miss Emma’s protest that she would like him walking to the electric chair as a human. Therefore, to get Jefferson understands that he is worth a man, she asks Grant Wiggins – an educated black teacher to educate him so he could die a man. In fact, the biggest challenge Grant faces when he looks at Jefferson is his feeling of looking at himself as a man experiencing the same type of racism and discrimination at the oppressive white community. Whereas, educating Jefferson to be a man is difficult as he has to make himself confident with his existence before determining ways of assuring Jefferson as an existing man who will walk to the electric chair on two feet, not a hog. Educating is underpinning people to have great control over lives and surroundings. Its importance deals with functioning the knowledge significant to empower. This is convincing that Jefferson should be educated so that he will not degrade himself as coloured because of his inability to say even a word to defend himself. Using the existentialism philosophy, Grant and Jefferson’s educational commitment in A Lesson Before Dying is discussed based on five themes of Sartre’s existentialism. It reveals that Grant does not get any positive response once he starts teaching. Gradually, Jefferson speaks to him after being attracted by his personal feelings. Grant’s ultimate achievement is when he can make Jefferson writes a diary, to portray some individual matters. What Grant has accomplished is his ability to link the themes, relevant to the philosophy of education. Grant succeeds in transforming Jefferson as a man who has dignity.