bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fix, Express, Quantify: Disquotation After Its Logic
Authors: Nicolai Carlo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTruth-theoretic deflationism holds that truth is simple, and yet that it can fulfil many useful logico-linguistic roles. Deflationism focuses on axioms for truth: there is no reduction of the notion of truth to more fundamental ones such as sets or higher-order quantifiers. In this paper I argue that the fundamental properties of reasonable, primitive truth predicates are at odds with the core tenets of classical truth-theoretic deflationism that I call fix, express, and quantify. Truth may be regarded as a broadly logical, sui generis notion. However, this has little to do with the original aims of the deflationary theory of truth.
Subject Matter: A Modest Proposal
Authors: Plebani Matteo , Spolaore Giuseppe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe notion of subject matter is a key concern of contemporary philosophy of language and logic. A central task for a theory of subject matter is to characterise the notion of sentential subject matter, that is, to assign to each sentence of a given language a subject matter that may count as its subject matter. In this paper, we elaborate upon David Lewis’ account of subject matter. Lewis’ proposal is simple and elegant but lacks a satisfactory characterisation of sentential subject matter. Drawing on linguistic literature on focus and on the question under discussion, we offer a neo-Lewisian account of subject matter, which retains all the virtues of Lewis’ but also includes an attractive characterisation of sentential subject matter.
Development and design specifications for an accelerometer-based biomechanical, prosthetic sensorimotor platform
Authors: Johnson P A , Johnson J C , Mardon A A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFollowing stroke, injury, or exposure to physically limiting conditions, limbs can become physiologically compromised. In particular, motor and fine-dexterity tasks involving the arm, particularly in locomotion, grasp and release, can be influenced becoming either delayed and having to deal with greater force demands. Current prosthetic systems use electromyography (EMG)-based techniques for creating functional sensorimotor platforms. However, several limitations in practical use and signal detection have been identified in these systems. Accelerometer-based sensorimotor systems have been suggested to overcome these limitations but only proof-of-concept has been demonstrated. Here, we explore design specifications for accelerometers being developed for prosthetic integration. We have developed optimizations for the current model, evaluated system properties to enhance sensitivity and reduce signal noise, and performed a pilot test using simulation to test this model. The data suggest these novel design parameters can enhance signal detection, when compared to conventional accelerometers. Future avenues should focus on validation of this design prototype in a full prosthetic system.
Toxigenic and zoonoticCorynebacterium ulceransemerges from widespread hedgehog disease
Authors: Martel An , Boyen Filip , Rau Jörg , Eisenberg Tobias , Sing Andreas , Berger Anja , Chiers Koen , Van Praet Sarah , Verbanck Serge , Vervaeke Muriel , Pasmans Frank 
Published: July 2020

AbstractToxin-producingCorynebacterium ulcerans, causing diphtheria in humans, were isolated from 53 diseased hedgehogs during spring 2020 in Belgium. Isolates showed low levels of acquired antimicrobial resistance. Pronounced strain diversity suggests emergence from an endemic situation. These findings stress the need for raising public awareness and improved wildlife disease surveillance.
Virtual reality simulation of epi-retinal prosthetic vision highlights the relevance of the visual angle
Authors: Thorn Jacob Thomas , Migliorini Enrico , Ghezzi Diego 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveRetinal prostheses hold the potential to restore artificial vision in blind patients suffering from outer retinal dystrophies. The optimal number, density, and coverage of the electrodes that a retinal prosthesis should have to provide adequate artificial vision in daily activities is still an open question and an important design parameter needed to develop better implants.ApproachTo address this question, we investigated the interaction between the visual angle, the pixel number and the pixel density without being limited by a small electrode count, as in previous research reports. We implemented prosthetic vision in a virtual reality environment in order to simulate the real-life experience of using a retinal prosthesis. We designed four different tasks simulating: object recognition, word reading, perception of a descending step and crossing a street.Main resultsThe results of our study showed that in all the tasks the visual angle played the most significant role in improving the performance of the participant.SignificanceThe design of new retinal prostheses should take into account the relevance of the restored visual angle to provide a helpful and valuable visual aid to profoundly or totally blind patients.
Aβ-induced synaptic injury is mediated by presynaptic expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Vicario-Orri Elena , Kasuga Kensaku , Tyan Sheue-Houy , Chiang Karen , da Silva Silvia Viana , Bushong Eric A. , DeLoach Katherine , Ling I-Fang , Luo Liqun , Ellisman Mark H. , Leutgeb Stefan , Koo Edward H. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe patterns of Aβ-induced synaptic injury were examined after targeting of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) preferentially to either CA1 or CA3 neurons using Cre-lox technology combined with tetracycline-regulated expression. Both CA1- and CA3-APP-expressing transgenic mouse lines exhibited reduction in long-term potentiation (LTP) only when APP was expressed in neurons presynaptic to the recording site, whereas LTP remained comparable to wild-type mice when APP was expressed in postsynaptic neurons. As quantified by both light and electron microscopy, this orientation-specific impairment in synaptic plasticity was mirrored by synaptic loss in regions receiving axonal inputs from neurons expressing APP. Furthermore, A(plaque deposition also occurred only in the postsynaptic axonal fields of APP-expressing neurons. These deficits were reversed not only with doxycycline to inhibit APP expression but also with γ-secretase and Fyn kinase inhibitors, supporting the interpretation that the observed synaptic injury was mediated by Aβ. Taken together, these results demonstrate that APP/Aβ-induced synaptic toxicity is preferentially initiated by signaling of presynaptically expressed APP to the postsynaptic compartment.
Planomonospora: a Metabolomics Perspective on an Underexplored Actinobacteria Genus
Authors: Zdouc Mitja M. , Iorio Marianna , Maffioli Sonia I. , Crüsemann Max , Donadio Stefano , Sosio Margherita 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTDespite an excellent track record, microbial drug discovery suffers from high rates of re-discovery. Better workflows for the rapid investigation of complex extracts are needed to increase throughput and allow early prioritization of samples. In addition, systematic characterization of poorly explored strains is seldomly performed. Here, we report a metabolomic study of 72 isolates belonging to the rare actinomycete genusPlanomonospora, using a workflow of open access tools to investigate its secondary metabolites. The results reveal a correlation of chemical diversity and strain phylogeny, with classes of metabolites exclusive to certain phylogroups. We were able to identify previously reportedPlanomonosporametabolites, including the ureylene-containing oligopeptide antipain, the thiopeptide siomycin including new congeners and the ribosomally synthesized peptides sphaericin and lantibiotic 97518. In addition, we found thatPlanomonosporastrains can produce the siderophore desferrioxamine or a salinichelin-like peptide. Analysis of the genomes of three newly sequenced strains led to the detection of 47 gene cluster families, of which several were connected to products found by LC-MS/MS profiling. This study demonstrates the value of metabolomic studies to investigate poorly explored taxa and provides a first picture of the biosynthetic capabilities of the genusPlanomonospora.
Musicianship can be decoded from magnetic resonance images
Authors: Puoliväli Tuomas , Sipola Tuomo , Thiede Anja , Kliuchko Marina , Bogert Brigitte , Toiviainen Petri , Nandi Asoke K. , Parkkonen Lauri , Brattico Elvira , Ristaniemi Tapani , Parviainen Tiina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLearning induces structural changes in the brain. Especially repeated, long-term behaviors, such as extensive training of playing a musical instrument, are likely to produce characteristic features to brain structure. However, it is not clear to what extent such structural features can be extracted from magnetic resonance images of the brain. Here we show that it is possible to predict whether a person is a musician or a non-musician based on the thickness of the cerebral cortex measured at 148 brain regions en-compassing the whole cortex. Using a supervised machine-learning technique, we achieved a significant (κ= 0.321,p <0.001) agreement between the actual and predicted participant groups of 30 musicians and 85 non-musicians. The areas contributing to the prediction were mostly in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes of the left hemisphere. Our results suggest that decoding musicianship from magnetic resonance images of brain structure is feasible. Further, the distribution of the areas that were informative in the classification, which mostly, but not entirely, overlapped with earlier findings on areas relevant for musical skills, implies that decoding-based analyses of structural properties of the brain can reveal novel aspects of musical aptitude. In particular, our results highlight differences in visual areas in addition to the already more established differences located in motor networks and networks of higher-order cognitive function.
Criminal thinking and gang affiliation: antecedents and consequences
Authors: Walters Glenn D. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between gang affiliation and criminal thinking.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 1,354 youth (1,170 males, 184 females) from the Pathways to Desistance Study served as participants in this study, and a causal mediation path analysis was performed on proactive and reactive criminal thinking, gang affiliation and subsequent offending.

Findings
Using three waves of data, it was determined that the pathway running from reactive criminal thinking to gang affiliation to proactive criminal thinking was significant, whereas the pathway running from proactive criminal thinking to gang affiliation to reactive criminal thinking was not. A four-wave model, in which violent and income offending were appended to the three-wave model, disclosed similar results.

Practical implications
Two separate targets for intervention with youth at risk for gang involvement: proactive and reactive criminal thinking. The impulsive, irresponsible, reckless and disinhibited nature of reactive criminal thinking may best be managed with a secondary prevention approach and cognitive-behavioral skills training; the planned, cold, calculating and amoral nature of proactive criminal thinking may best be managed with a tertiary prevention approach and moral retraining. Trauma therapy may be of assistance to youth who have been victimized over the course of their gang experience.

Originality/value
These findings reveal evidence of a gang selection effect that is independent of the well-documented peer selection effect, in which reactive criminal thinking led to gang affiliation in youthful offenders, particularly non-White offenders, and a gang influence effect, independent of the frequently observed peer selection effect, in which gang affiliation contributed to a rise in proactive criminal thinking.
Dietary sodium intake in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk: a case-control study
Authors: Emamat Hadi , Farhadnejad Hossein , Movahedian Mina , Tangestani Hadith , Mirmiran Parvin , Hekmatdoost Azita 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Data on relationship between dietary intake of sodium and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk are scarce. This paper aims to find the possible association between sodium intake and NAFLD.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a case-control study on NAFLD patients proven by a gastroenterologist using Fibroscan, and age-matched controls. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire.

Findings
In the multivariable-adjusted model, after adjustment for potential confounding variables, participants in the highest tertile of sodium intake had a greater risk of developing NAFLD (OR= 2.42; 95% CI: 1.13–5.15) compared to those in the lowest tertile of sodium intake (p-value = 0.023). In sub-analysis, subjects with BMI ≥ 25 in the third tertile of sodium intake had higher risk of NAFLD compared to those in the lowest tertile of sodium intake [(OR: 3.95; 95% CI: 1.75–8.90), (p-value = 0.001)]. However, no significant association was found between tertiles of energy-adjusted daily sodium intake and NAFLD prevalence risk in participants with BMI < 25.

Originality/value
The findings revealed that higher sodium intake is related with a higher prevalence of NAFLD, an association that can be partly mediated through obesity.
A new energy density calculation method for reservoir delineation using seismic low‐frequency signal
Authors: Luo Xin , Chen Xuehua , Qi Yingkai , Yang Jidong , Zhang Jie , Jiang Wei 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIn comparison to high‐frequency signals, low‐frequency seismic signals suffer less from scattering and intrinsic attenuation during wave propagation, penetrate deeper strata and thus can provide more energy information related to the hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on the asymptotic representation for the frequency‐dependent reflections in the fluid‐saturated pore‐elastic media, we first derive a novel equation of the reservoir energy density and present an efficient workflow to calculate the reservoir energy density using low‐frequency seismic data. Then, within a low‐frequency range (from 1 to 30 Hz), we construct an objective function to determine the optimal frequency, using the energy densities calculated from the post‐stack seismic traces close to the wells. Next, we can calculate the reservoir energy density using the instantaneous spectra of optimal frequency at the low‐frequency end of the seismic spectrum. Tests on examples for synthetic and field data demonstrate that the proposed reservoir energy density can produce high‐quality images for the fluid‐saturated reservoirs, and it produces less background artefacts caused by elastic layers. This method provides a new way to detect the location of hydrocarbon reservoirs and characterize their spatial distribution.
Effect of diflubenzuron on the chitin biosynthesis pathway in Conopomorpha sinensis eggs
Authors: Yao Qiong , Quan Lin‐Fa , Xu Shu , Dong Yi‐Zhi , Li Wen‐Jing , Chen Bing‐Xu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConopomorpha sinensis is the dominant borer pest of Litchi chinensis (litchi) and Euphoria longan (longan) in China. Control of C. sinensis is difficult because of its cryptic life habit; thus, an effective ovicide could be beneficial. The larvicidal effects of diflubenzuron (DFB) have been documented in many insect pest species. Therefore, DFB might be a useful ovicide to control C. sinensis. However, the detailed mode of action of DFB interference with insect molting and egg hatching is unclear. Thus, we studied alterations in expression of all genes potentially affected by DFB treatment using a transcriptome approach in 2‐d‐old C. sinensis eggs. Clean reads were assembled to generate 203 455 unigenes and 440 558 transcripts. A total of 4625 differently expressed genes, which included 2670 up‐regulated and 1955 down‐regulated unigenes, were identified. Chitin binding and chitin metabolic processes were among the most significant enriched pathways according to Gene Ontology analyses. Most of the genes that encode enzymes involved in the chitin biosynthesis pathway were unaffected, whereas genes that presumably encode cuticle proteins were up‐regulated. Furthermore, altered expression patterns of 10 genes involved in the chitin biosynthesis pathway of C. sinensis embryos were observed in response to DFB treatment at different time points by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We also observed abnormal development; there was reduced chitin content and modulated chitin distribution of newly hatched larvae, and altered egg hatching. Our findings illustrate an ovicidal effect of DFB on C. sinensis, and reveal more molecular consequences of DFB treatment on insects.
Extracellular DNA builds and interacts with vibrio polysaccharide in the biofilm matrix formed by Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Kanampalliwar Amol , Singh Durg Vijai 
Published: July 2020

SummaryVibrio cholerae form biofilm, which is essential for their survival under harsh environmental conditions. The eDNA produced during biofilm formation and interaction with other components like vibrio polysaccharide is less studied in Vibrio cholerae despite its importance in biofilm structure and stability. In this study, we selected two strains of V. cholerae, which produced sufficient extracellular DNA in the biofilm, for characterization and studied its interaction with vibrio polysaccharide. Our data demonstrate that eDNA is present in the biofilm and interacts with VPS in V. cholerae. Our findings suggest that eDNA contributes to biofilm integrity by interacting with VPS and provides strength to the biofilm. Moreover, it might interact with other components of biofilm, which need further study.
On the sampling design of spatially explicit integrated population models
Authors: Zhao Qing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is important to understand metapopulation dynamics and underlying demographic processes in heterogeneous landscapes. Traditionally, demographic parameters are estimated using capture–recapture data that can be difficult to collect. Spatially explicit dynamicN‐mixture models allow inference for demographic parameters, including dispersal, using count data of unmarked animals, but these models have only been shown effective under constant demographic parameters and dispersal between adjacent local populations.In this study, I aimed to compensate the weakness of spatially explicit dynamicN‐mixtures and multistate capture–recapture models by jointly analysing count and capture–recapture data. This spatially explicit integrated population model allows for spatiotemporal variation of demographic parameters in relation to environmental and density covariates and dispersal between any local populations. I conducted simulations to evaluate this model (a) for species with distinct life histories under different detection and capture probabilities, (b) when spatial sampling intensity varied, (c) when the length of survey period varied, (d) when the robust sampling design was adopted or not and (e) when auxiliary information is partially available. I also provided an empirical example of GadwallMareca streperametapopulation dynamics in North American prairies.The results showed that the model provided unbiased parameter estimates under a variety of ecological and sampling conditions, even when the spatial sampling intensity of capture–recapture survey was low (20% of the patches) with the complement of count data (≥60% of the patches). Also, the model only required a relatively short survey period (6~8 years) to provide unbiased inferences. The robust sampling design was not necessary for the model to provide unbiased inferences when spatial counts were intense, but became critical when spatial counts were sparse. Parameter estimates remain unbiased when auxiliary information is partially available. The model showed that Gadwall had low emigration probability (11.8%) but could disperse more than 200 km.Based on the results, I provide recommendations about the trade‐off between spatial sampling intensity, length of survey period and the use of the robust sampling design when applying this model in real‐world studies. The model could have wide applications in the interface of metapopulation ecology and landscape ecology.
Interaction of Ethanol and Oral ANS‐6637, a Selective ALDH2 Inhibitor in Males: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Single‐Ascending Dose Cohort Study
Authors: O’Malley Stephanie S. , Shram Megan J. , Levy‐Cooperman Naama , Vince Bradley , Strumph Peter M. , Diamond Ivan , Blackburn Brent K. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundANS‐6637, an orally bioavailable selective and reversible aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) inhibitor, is under development for drug and alcohol use disorders. During the elimination of alcohol, ALDH2 metabolizes acetaldehyde to acetate; inhibiting this enzyme can lead to aversive reactions due to the accumulation of acetaldehyde. Thus, understanding the safety and tolerability of ANS‐6637 in combination with alcohol is essential.Trial Design and MethodsForty eight healthy males participated in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐ascending dose cohort study of oral ANS‐6637. Eligible participants were randomized to ANS‐6637 (n = 36) or placebo (n = 12) in a 3:1 fashion in each of 6 dose cohorts (8 per cohort; ANS‐6637 dose levels were 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg). Two hours after receiving study drug, participants drank up to 5 standard drinks, 1 every 30 minutes. Safety assessments, pharmacodynamic measures, and pharmacokinetic blood samples were obtained.ResultsFlushing was the most common adverse event (AE) associated with ANS‐6637 (24 of 36 participants) compared with placebo (3 of 12). Statistically significant, but modest, increases in heart rate (HR) occurred (+10.5 bpm after 2 drinks; +16.9 to + 20.5 bpm after 3rd through 5th drink). No participant met HR or systolic blood pressure criteria for stopping ethanol administration. There were no clinically significant QTc interval prolongations. Individuals receiving ANS‐6637 reported lower ratings of liking, alcohol effects, and feeling drunk.ConclusionsA single oral dose of ANS‐6637 with up to 5 standards drinks over 2.5 hours was generally well tolerated in healthy males. The most common pharmacological response was flushing and an increase in HR, which are known effects of acetaldehyde accumulation and consistent with inhibition of ALDH2 with oral ANS‐6637 in combination with alcohol. The results of this alcohol interaction study support further testing of ANS‐6637 in individuals who consume alcohol heavily.