bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Ordered Assembly of Genetically Modifiable Viruses into Nanoridge‐in‐Microridge Structures
Authors: Zhou Ningyun , Li Yan , Loveland Christian H. , Wilson Megan J. , Cao Binrui , Qiu Penghe , Yang Mingying , Mao Chuanbin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHierarchically assembled nanomaterials can find a variety of applications in medicine, energy, and electronics. Here, an automatically controlled dip‐pulling method is developed and optimized to generate an unprecedented ordered nano‐to‐micro hierarchical nanoridge‐in‐microridge (NiM) structure from a bacteria‐specific human‐safe virus, the filamentous phage with or without genetically displaying a foreign peptide. The NiM structure is pictured as a window blind with each lath (the microridge) made of parallel phage bundles (the nanoridges). It is independent of the substrate materials supporting it. Surprisingly, it can induce the bidirectional differentiation of stem cells into neurons and astrocytes within a short timeframe (only 8 d) not seen before, which is highly desired because both neurons and astrocytes are needed simultaneously in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Since phages can direct tissue regeneration, template materials formation, sense molecules, and build electrodes, the NiM structures displaying different peptides and on varying materials hold promise in many technologically important fields.
Instant Thermal Switching from Soft Hydrogel to Rigid Plastics Inspired by Thermophile Proteins
Authors: Nonoyama Takayuki , Lee Yong Woo , Ota Kumi , Fujioka Keigo , Hong Wei , Gong Jian Ping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProteins of thermophiles are thermally stable in a high‐temperature environment, adopting a strategy of enhancing the electrostatic interaction in hydrophobic media at high temperature. Herein, inspired by the molecular mechanism of thermally stable proteins, the synthesis of novel polymer materials that undergo ultrarapid, isochoric, and reversible switching from soft hydrogels to rigid plastics at elevated temperature is reported. The materials are developed from versatile, inexpensive, and nontoxic poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels containing calcium acetate. By the cooperative effects of hydrophobic interaction and ionic interaction, the hydrogels undergo significant spinodal decomposition and subsequent rubbery‐to‐glassy transition when heated to an elevated temperature. As a result, the gels exhibit super‐rapid and significant hikes in stiffness, strength, and toughness by up to 1800‐, 80‐, and 20‐folds, respectively, when the temperature is raised from 25 to 70 °C, while the volumes of the gels are almost unchanged. As a potential application, the performance of the materials as athletic protective gear is demonstrated. This work provides a pathway for developing thermally stiffened materials and may significantly broaden the scope of polymer applications.
Bacteriorhodopsin‐Based Biophotovoltaic Devices Driven by Chemiluminescence as Endogenous Light Source
Authors: Zhou Xin , Lv Fengting , Liu Libing , Huang Yiming , Wang Shu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs a light‐driven proton pump, bacteriorhodopsin (bR) captures light and transports protons directionally. Here, a new bR‐based bioelectronic device that employs the chemiluminescence from luminol as an endogenous light source to generate steady current is designed. Purple membrane embedded with bR is modified on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode followed by electrostatically binding of cationic oligo (p‐phenylene vinylene) derivative (OPV). The device is fabricated by coupling bR/OPV electrode and bare ITO electrode. As a suitable luminescence acceptor of luminol, OPV emits green light through chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET), which is capable of exciting ground state bR (bR570) nearby to initiate photocycle. Simultaneously, luminol emits blue chemiluminescent light which can be absorbed by M410 intermediate in photocycle, accelerating its reconversion to bR570 by shortcuts. As a result, the photocycle is accelerated and stabilized to generate a stable photocurrent. Furthermore, this study achieves to use oxygen and glucose as the initial source of hydrogen peroxide and produce stable photocurrent by taking advantage of the cascade reaction of glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxide. This provides a proof‐of‐concept for successfully using the CRET system as endogenous light source and provides new ideas for energy utilization and conversion taking advantage of natural bR‐based photosynthetic systems.
Machine Learning Coupled Multi‐Scale Modeling for Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Bao Jie , Murugesan Vijayakumar , Kamp Carl Justin , Shao Yuyan , Yan Litao , Wang Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe framework of a multi‐scale model that couples a deep neural network, a widely used machine learning approach, with a partial differential equation solver and provides understanding of the relationship between the pore‐scale electrode structure reaction and device‐scale electrochemical reaction uniformity within a redox flow battery is introduced. A deep neural network is trained and validated using 128 pore‐scale simulations that provide a quantitative relationship between battery operating conditions and uniformity of the surface reaction for the pore‐scale sample. Using the framework, information about surface reaction uniformity at the pore level to combined uniformity at the device level is upscaled. The information obtained using the framework and deep neural network against the experimental measurements is also validated. Based on the multi‐scale model results, a time‐varying optimization of electrolyte inlet velocity is established, which leads to a significant reduction in pump power consumption for targeted surface reaction uniformity but little reduction in electric power output for discharging. The multi‐scale model coupled with the deep neural network approach establishes the critical link between the micro‐structure of a flow‐battery component and its performance at the device scale, thereby providing rationale for further operational or material optimization.
Sub‐3 nm Intermetallic Ordered Pt3In Clusters for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhao Zhi Liang , Zhang Zhe , Feng Tianli , Zhong Ruyi , Xu Hu , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Gu Meng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIndustrial applications of Pt‐based oxygen‐reduction‐reaction (ORR) catalysts are limited by high cost and low stability. Here, facile large‐scale synthesis of sub‐3‐nm ordered Pt3In clusters on commercial carbon black as ORR catalyst that alleviates both these shortcomings is reported. As‐prepared Pt3In/C exhibits a mass activity of 0.71 mA mg−1 and a specific area activity of 0.91 mA cm−2 at 0.9 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, which are 4.1 and 2.7 times the corresponding values of commercial Pt/C catalysts. The as‐prepared ordered Pt3In/C catalyst is also remarkably stable with negligible activity and structural decay after 20 000 accelerated electrochemical durability cycles, due to its ordered structure. Density‐functional‐theory calculations demonstrate that ordered‐Pt3In is more energetically favorable for ORR than the commercial Pt/C catalysts because ∆GO is closer to the peak of the volcano plot after ordered incorporation of indium atoms.
RuNi Nanoparticles Embedded in N‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers as a Robust Bifunctional Catalyst for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Meixuan , Wang Huiyuan , Zhu Wendong , Li Weimo , Wang Ce , Lu Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance, low‐cost, and robust bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is extremely indispensable and challenging. It is a promising strategy to couple highly active precious metals with transition metals as efficient electrocatalysts, which can not only effectively reduce the cost of the preparation procedure, but also greatly improve the performance of catalysts through a synergistic effect. Herein, Ru and Ni nanoparticles embedded within nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofibers (RuNi‐NCNFs) are synthesized via a simple electrospinning technology with a subsequent carbonization process. The as‐formed RuNi‐NCNFs represent excellent Pt‐like electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in both alkaline and acidic conditions. Furthermore, the RuNi‐NCNFs also exhibit an outstanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with an overpotential of 290 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline electrolyte. Strikingly, owing to both the HER and OER performance, an electrolyzer with RuNi‐NCNFs as both the anode and cathode catalysts requires only a cell voltage of 1.564 V to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in an alkaline medium, which is lower than the benchmark of Pt/C||RuO2 electrodes. This study opens a novel avenue toward the exploration of high efficient but low‐cost electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.
Delayed Capillary Flow of Elastomers: An Efficient Method for Fabrication and Nanofunctionalization of Flexible, Foldable, Twistable, and Stretchable Electrodes from Pyrolyzed Paper
Authors: Damasceno Sergio , Corrêa Cátia Crispilho , Gouveia Rubia Figueredo , Strauss Mathias , Bufon Carlos César Bof , Santhiago Murilo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPyrolyzed cellulose‐based materials are extensively used in many fields for many different applications due to their excellent electrical properties. However, pyrolyzed materials are extremely fragile and prone to crack. To address this issue, a new fabrication method is reported to delay the capillary flow of elastomeric materials into the porous structure of the paper. By changing the surface chemistry and porosity of the material, the capillary flow of the elastomer through the porous structure is delayed. Delayed capillary flow of elastomers (DCFE method) ensures both extremely high mechanical stability and electrochemical performance to the devices. Impressively, the electrochemical devices can be bent, folded, twisted, and stretched at 75% of their original length without hindering their electrochemical response. Moreover, cooperative nanofilms are prepared using a co‐deposition process with Meldola's blue (MB) and polydopamine (PDA). While MB guarantees electrocatalytic properties toward nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) electrooxidation, PDA increases the wettability of the surfaces and contribute to addressing hydrophobicity issues of elastomer‐based devices. Remarkably, the nanofilms have unprecedented properties by self‐collecting aqueous liquids. Furthermore, extreme mechanical tests do not impact the electrochemical performance of the nanofilms.
Effect of Mechanical Strain on the Optical Properties of Nodal‐Line Semimetal ZrSiS
Authors: Zhou Weiqing , Rudenko Alexander N. , Yuan Shengjun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOptical properties of nodal‐line semimetal ZrSiS are studied using first‐principles calculations. Frequency‐independent optical conductivity is a fingerprint of the infrared optical response in ZrSiS. It is found that this characteristic feature is robust with respect to uniaxial compressive strain of up to 10 GPa, yet with the flat region being narrowed with increasing strain. Upon uniaxial tensile stress of 2 GPa, the Fermi surface undergoes a Lifshitz transition accompanied by a weakening of the interband screening, which reduces the spectral weight of infrared excitations. It is also shown that the high‐energy region is characterized by low‐loss plasma excitations at ≈20 eV with essentially anisotropic dispersion. Strongly anisotropic dielectric properties suggest the existence of a hyperbolic regime for plasmons in the deep ultraviolet range. Although the frequencies of high‐energy plasmons are virtually unaffected by external uniaxial deformation, their dispersion can be effectively tuned by strain.
Transition Metal Oxide Anodes for Electrochemical Energy Storage in Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fang Shan , Bresser Dominic , Passerini Stefano 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with outstanding energy and power density have been extensively investigated in recent years, rendering them the most suitable energy storage technology for application in emerging markets such as electric vehicles and stationary storage. More recently, sodium, one of the most abundant elements on earth, exhibiting similar physicochemical properties as lithium, has been gaining increasing attention for the development of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) in order to address the concern about Li availability and cost—especially with regard to stationary applications for which size and volume of the battery are of less importance. Compared with traditional intercalation reactions, conversion reaction‐based transition metal oxides (TMOs) are prospective anode materials for rechargeable batteries thanks to their low cost and high gravimetric specific capacities. In this review, the recent progress and remaining challenges of conversion reactions for LIBs and SIBs are discussed, covering an overview about the different synthesis methods, morphological characteristics, as well as their electrochemical performance. Potential future research directions and a perspective toward the practical application of TMOs for electrochemical energy storage are also provided.
Hierarchically Structured Porous Transport Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis
Authors: Schuler Tobias , Ciccone Joseph M. , Krentscher Bernd , Marone Federica , Peter Christian , Schmidt Thomas J. , Büchi Felix N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe high operational and capital costs of polymer electrolyte water electrolysis technology originate from limited catalyst utilization and the use of thick membrane electrolytes. This is due to the coarse surface structure of the state‐of‐the‐art titanium porous transport layer materials used. Therefore, a series of materials with three different microporous layers (MPLs) with advanced interface properties are fabricated and characterized. It is shown that these sintered multilayer structures, made from economically viable titanium powders, have improved interface properties with low surface roughness, as characterized by X‐ray laboratory and synchrotron‐based tomographic microscopy. The transport layer materials provide superior electrochemical performance in comparison to conventional single‐layer structures, with up to three times higher catalyst layer utilization and a ≈60 mV decrease in (anodic) mass transport overpotential at 2 A cm−2. The MPLs combine preferential surface properties with high open porosity and low tortuosity of sinter materials, enabling for the first time the use of thin membranes, in combination with anodic titanium transport layers. The fundamental mechanism of the MPL effect is elucidated and shown to be based on a homogeneous contact pressure distribution, resulting in high catalyst utilization and low mass transport losses.
Rare SUZ12 variants commonly cause an overgrowth phenotype
Authors: Cyrus Sharri S. , Cohen Ana S. A. , Agbahovbe Ruky , Avela Kristiina , Yeung Kit S. , Chung Brian H. Y. , Luk Ho‐Ming , Tkachenko Nataliya , Choufani Sanaa , Weksberg Rosanna , Lopez‐Rangel Elena ,   C.A.U.S.E.S. Study, Brown Kathleen , Saenz Margarita S. , Svihovec Shayna , McCandless Shawn E. , Bird Lynne M. , Garcia Aixa Gonzalez , Gambello Michael J. , McWalter Kirsty , Schnur Rhonda E. , An Jianghong , Jones Steven J. M. , Bhalla Sanjiv K. , Pinz Hailey , Braddock Stephen R. , Gibson William T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Polycomb repressive complex 2 is an epigenetic writer and recruiter with a role in transcriptional silencing. Constitutional pathogenic variants in its component proteins have been found to cause two established overgrowth syndromes: Weaver syndrome (EZH2‐related overgrowth) and Cohen‐Gibson syndrome (EED‐related overgrowth). Imagawa et al. (2017) initially reported a singleton female with a Weaver‐like phenotype with a rare coding SUZ12 variant—the same group subsequently reported two additional affected patients. Here we describe a further 10 patients (from nine families) with rare heterozygous SUZ12 variants who present with a Weaver‐like phenotype. We report four frameshift, two missense, one nonsense, and two splice site variants. The affected patients demonstrate variable pre‐ and postnatal overgrowth, dysmorphic features, musculoskeletal abnormalities and developmental delay/intellectual disability. Some patients have genitourinary and structural brain abnormalities, and there may be an association with respiratory issues. The addition of these 10 patients makes a compelling argument that rare pathogenic SUZ12 variants frequently cause overgrowth, physical abnormalities, and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes in the heterozygous state. Pathogenic SUZ12 variants may be de novo or inherited, and are sometimes inherited from a mildly‐affected parent. Larger samples sizes will be needed to elucidate whether one or more clinically‐recognizable syndromes emerge from different variant subtypes.
The NuRD complex and macrocephaly associated neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Pierson Tyler Mark , Otero Maria G. , Grand Katheryn , Choi Andrew , Graham John M. , Young Juan I. , Mackay Joel P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is a major regulator of gene expression involved in pluripotency, lineage commitment, and corticogenesis. This important complex is composed of seven different proteins, with mutations in CHD3, CHD4, and GATAD2B being associated with neurodevelopmental disorders presenting with macrocephaly and intellectual disability similar to other overgrowth and intellectual disability (OGID) syndromes. Pathogenic variants in CHD3 and CHD4 primarily involve disruption of enzymatic function. GATAD2B variants include loss‐of‐function mutations that alter protein dosage and missense variants that involve either of two conserved domains (CR1 and CR2) known to interact with other NuRD proteins. In addition to macrocephaly and intellectual disability, CHD3 variants are associated with inguinal hernias and apraxia of speech; whereas CHD4 variants are associated with skeletal anomalies, deafness, and cardiac defects. GATAD2B‐associated neurodevelopmental disorder (GAND) has phenotypic overlap with both of these disorders. Of note, structural models of NuRD indicate that CHD3 and CHD4 require direct contact with the GATAD2B‐CR2 domain to interact with the rest of the complex. Therefore, the phenotypic overlaps of CHD3‐ and CHD4‐related disorders with GAND are consistent with a loss in the ability of GATAD2B to recruit CHD3 or CHD4 to the complex. The shared features of these neurodevelopmental disorders may represent a new class of OGID syndrome: the NuRDopathies.
Green Metal‐Free Photochemical Hydroacylation of Unactivated Olefins
Authors: Voutyritsa Errika , Kokotos Christoforos G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDirect alkylation of C(sp2)−H bonds to convert an aldehyde into a ketone is a notorious transformation, due to the laborious challenge of the formation of ketyl or acyl radicals. Herein, we report a green, cheap, metal‐free and efficient method for the hydroacylation of olefins in water. This photochemical protocol utilizes phenylglyoxylic acid, a commercially available small organic molecule, as the photoinitiator, water as the solvent and household fluorescent lamps as the irradiation source, leading to a broad substrate scope of products in moderate to good yields. A wide range of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, terminal and non‐terminal alkenes and pharmaceutically relevant molecules can be employed, without the need of directing groups and additives or metal catalysts.
Biosynthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles and its cytotoxicity survey against colon cancer cell line
Authors: Miri Abdolhossein , Darroudi Majid , Sarani Mina 
Published: November 2019

Nanoparticles of cerium oxide (CeO2‐NPs), as a metal oxide of rare earth, have found an important role in improving technologies such as polishing, the degradation of harmful industrial dyes and even the treatment of some diseases. Therefore, the development of quick and inexpensive production methods for CeO2‐NPs is sought by researchers. In the present study, we report the biosynthesis of CeO2‐NPs using aqueous extract of Salvadora persica. Synthesized nanoparticles were investigated through powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscope (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray and Raman techniques. The UV–vis result shows an absorption peak at 325 nm, which confirms the formation of CeO2‐NPs. The band‐gap of synthesized nanoparticles (4.1 eV) is higher than in its bulk state. PXRD and Raman show a crystalline fluorite cubic structure for synthesized nanoparticles. The morphology of synthesized nanoparticles shows a uniform and almost spherical shape via TEM and FESEM images. The particles size was estimated in the range of 10–15 nm. Cytotoxic activity of synthesized nanoparticles was determined through 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay against a colon (HT‐29) cancer cell line. The results did not show any significant cytotoxic effect for synthesized samples even for concentration higher than 800 μg/mL. Hence, CeO2‐NPs were synthesized using a natural source; the procedure was rapid with good productivity and biosynthesized nanoparticles were non‐toxic.
Durability of fiber‐reinforced polyoxymethylene composites under the high hydrostatic pressure in the deep sea
Authors: Liu Hao , Wang Jianzhang , Jiang Pengfei , Yan Fengyuan 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe effect of hydrostatic pressure of up to 40 MPa on the seawater permeation, crystalline structure, and mechanical strength of carbon fiber and glass fiber‐reinforced polyoxymethylene (POM) composites was investigated. The experimental results reveal that hydrostatic pressure slightly promotes seawater permeation throughout the POM composites and degrades the bonding strength of the matrix–fiber interface. In the POM matrix, the seawater hydrostatic pressure does not influence the chemical stability but induces a physical chain scission process, which is characterized by linearly decreased molecular weight. The chain scissions initially entangled in the amorphous region are supposed to have sufficient mobility to join the crystalline phase. The increased crystallinity, albeit slight, together with the compress effect of hydrostatic pressure may possibly account for the stable mechanical strengths of the POM composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48686.