bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of rock brittleness on propagation of hydraulic fractures in shale reservoirs with bedding‐planes
Authors: Chong Zhaohui , Yao Qiangling , Li Xuehua , Zhu Liu , Tang Chuanjin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHydraulic fracturing forms complex hydraulic fracture networks (HFNs) in shale reservoirs and significantly improves the permeability of shale reservoirs. Although rock brittleness is a major factor in determining whether a shale reservoir can be fractured, the relationship between HFNs and rock brittleness remains unclear. To investigate this relationship in a shale reservoir with bedding planes, this paper presents a series of hydraulic fracturing simulations based on a hydromechanically coupled discrete element model. In addition, we analyzed the sensitivity of the difference in rock brittleness to bedding‐plane angle and density. The parameters used in the model were verified by comparing the simulated results with experimental results and a theoretical equation. The results showed that breakdown pressure and injection pressure increased with increasing rock brittleness. The tensile hydraulic fracture of a shale reservoir (THFSR) was always the most abundant type of hydraulic fracture (HF)—almost 2.5 times the sum of the other three types of HFs. The distribution of areas with higher fluid pressure deviated from the direction of the maximum principal stress when the angle between the bedding plane and maximum principal stress directions was large. Upon increasing this bedding‐plane angle, the breakdown pressure and rock brittleness index first decreased and then increased. However, regardless of bedding angle, the relative proportions of the various types of HFs remained essentially constant, and the seepage area expanded in the direction of the maximum principal stress. Increased bedding‐plane density resulted in a gradual increase in the total number of HFs, with significantly fewer of the THFSR type, and the large seepage areas connected with each other. This study thus provides useful information for preparing strategies for hydraulic fracturing.
Noninvasive diagnosis in alcohol‐related liver disease
Authors: Hadefi Alia , Degré Delphine , Trépo Eric , Moreno Christophe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) represents a major cause of death worldwide, and unfortunately, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease, which is related to poorer outcomes. Liver biopsy has historically been the gold standard for identifying advanced hepatic fibrosis, but this approach has several limitations, including invasiveness, low applicability, sampling variability, and cost.Main TextIn order to detect earlier features of advanced liver fibrosis, surrogate biomarkers and techniques have been developed. While these were initially developed for chronic liver diseases such as viral hepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), their performance in ALD has also been recently studied. Among the noninvasive surrogate markers and techniques used to detect liver fibrosis, the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test, FibroTest, and Transient Elastography are the most accurate and validated techniques. In this review, we summarize the current status of the noninvasive assessment of liver disease in ALD and provide a synthesis of how these noninvasive tools can be used in clinical practice. Finally, we briefly outline novel biomarkers that are currently being investigated and discuss future directions and new opportunities in the noninvasive diagnosis of ALD.
Serum calcium‐magnesium ratio in women with pre‐eclampsia at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Okoror Collins E. M. , Enabudoso Ehigha J. , Okoror Okiemua T. , Okonkwo Chukwunwendu A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the serum calcium‐magnesium ratio in pre‐eclampsia and compare with normotensives.MethodsA case‐control study was conducted in a tertiary hospital between October 2017 and March 2018 among 81 pregnant women (27 cases and 54 controls matched for age, gestational age, and parity). An interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on demography/clinical history. Venous blood was collected without stasis and sent for biochemical analysis. Statistical analysis used IBM SPSS 21.0.ResultsThe levels of serum Ca2+ (7.73 + 1.24 vs 9.17 + 0.77; P<0.001), Ca2+‐Mg2+ ratio (3.36 + 0.60 vs 3.83 + 0.41; P=0.001), and Mg2+ (2.35 + 0.35 vs 2.41 + 0.16; P=0.469) were lower among cases. Serum Ca2+ level correlated negatively with systolic (r=0.45, P=0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.50, P=0.010) among the cases. Hypocalcemia was a risk factor (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 7.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64–35.37) while social classes 2 and 3 were protective factors (AOR 0.01, 95% CI 0.00–0.46 and AOR 0.01, 95% CI 0.00–0.24, respectively) against pre‐eclampsia.ConclusionThe result of this research supported the implication of micronutrients in pre‐eclampsia and may help to understand the pathophysiological process of pre‐eclampsia. It will also help to establish and enhance existing preventive strategies for the condition. The recommendation by WHO on calcium supplementation in pregnancy as a step in preventing the occurrence of pre‐eclampsia should be practiced.
A Systematized review of experiences of individuals in Arnett’s emerging adulthood stage who live with or are at‐risk for genetic conditions
Authors: Shelley Anna Rae , McCarthy Veach Patricia , LeRoy Bonnie , Redlinger‐Grosse Krista 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmerging adulthood, a distinct developmental period between ages 18 and 29 years, comprises five features: identity exploration, experimentation/possibilities, negativity/instability regarding one's outlook, self‐focus, and feeling in‐between adolescence and adulthood. A growing literature examines the impact of genetic conditions on individuals who chronologically fit the emerging adulthood period. This systematized literature review uses the emerging adulthood theory to determine whether individuals living with or at‐risk for a genetic condition experience the features of this period as well as similarities and differences between these two groups. A literature search yielded 1,303 peer‐reviewed papers from the 17 years since emerging adulthood theory was published. Ten papers met inclusion criteria—five for those Living With a genetic condition (e.g., cystic fibrosis) and five for those At‐Risk for a genetic condition (e.g., hereditary breast and ovarian cancer). Content analysis yielded themes consistent with the five emerging adulthood features for both individuals Living With and At‐Risk for genetic conditions. Negativity/instability was most prevalent, and feeling in‐between was least prevalent in both groups. Results further suggest unique challenges related to one's genetic conditions/risk with respect to independence (from family, healthcare providers), career/education, relationships/social life, family planning, and life perspective experiences. Salient differences were apparent between the groups in their experiences of the emerging adulthood features. For instance, Living With individuals reported challenges concerning their ongoing physical symptoms, whereas At‐Risk individuals reported challenges regarding genetic testing decisions and anticipation of physical symptoms. Thus, emerging adults Living With and At‐Risk for genetic conditions appear to experience the main emerging adulthood features, but they face unique challenges related to their genetic conditions/risk. Understanding emerging adults’ experiences can aid genetic counselors in addressing their specific concerns.
Association between the dimensions of the maxillary sinus membrane and molar periodontal status: A retrospective CBCT study
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wei Yiping , Cao Jie , Xu Tao , Zhen Min , Yang Gang , Chung Kwok‐Hung , Hu Wenjie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe information of the association between residual alveolar bone height and mucosal thickening is sparse. This study aimed to explore the effect of maxillary molar periodontal status on sinus mucosal thickening using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsOne hundred ninety‐four CBCT images were evaluated for the following parameters: age, sex, alveolar bone loss, maximum mucosal thickness (maxMT), minimum residual alveolar bone height (minRABH), and vertical infrabony pockets. The presence of mucosal thickening (maxMT > 2 mm) of the maxillary sinus was recorded. The parameters that could influence the dimensions of the maxillary sinus membrane were assessed. The data were analyzed using logistic regression, and multivariate linear regression with the significant level at α = 0.05.ResultsMucosal thickening was present in 32% of the analyzed CBCT images and increased in frequency as the periodontal status of the corresponding molar progressed from mild (2.6%) to moderate (14.9%) to severe (75.5%). Mucosal thickness was significantly increased in cases of moderate (odds ratio = 5.73, P < 0.05) and severe (odds ratio = 82.06, P < 0.001) alveolar bone loss. Multivariate linear regression revealed that alveolar bone loss and minRABH had a statistically significant influence on maxMT (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAlveolar bone loss and minRABH were significantly associated with mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus.
Adjunctive effects of laser therapy on somatosensory function and vasomotor regulation of periodontal tissues in patients with periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Gou Huiqing , Fan Ruyi , Chen Xu , Li Lu , Wang Xiaoqian , Xu Yan , Svensson Peter , Wang Kelun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this prospective study was to compare the changes in periodontal somatosensory function and microcirculation in patients with periodontitis following initial treatment with scaling and root planing (SRP) with or without adjuvant laser therapy.MethodsTwenty‐four patients suffering from periodontitis were recruited and randomly allocated into a split‐mouth design to either SRP combined laser therapy side (test side) or SRP only side (control side). All treatments were performed by the same investigator at a single visit. Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) and Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) were performed at baseline (W0), 1 week (1W), 2 weeks (2W), and 4 weeks (4W) after treatment on both sides of the attached gingiva of the maxillary lateral incisor. Clinical examination including probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) was performed at W0, 2W, and 4W on both sides. Data were analyzed with two‐way analysis of variance.ResultsPD and BOP significantly improved after treatment (P <0.001). LDF values were significantly decreased on both sides at all follow‐up time points (P <0.001), temperature was increased only on the test side (P = 0.017) whereas there was no significant change on the control side (P = 0.792). Significantly less sensitivity was observed for all QST parameters (P <0.030) except for warmth detection after treatment.ConclusionAdjunctive use of laser therapy did not provide any significant clinical advantage or additional effects on the recovery of periodontal somatosensory function or gingival microcirculation in the present study.
Application of a handheld Raman spectrometer for the screening of colored secondary sulfates in abandoned mining areas—The case of the São Domingos Mine (Iberian Pyrite Belt)
Authors: Košek Filip , Culka Adam , Fornasini Laura , Vandenabeele Peter , Rousaki Anastasia , Mirao Jose , Bersani Danilo , Candeias António , Jehlička Jan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe São Domingos area (Corte do Pinto, Portugal) represents a large sulfide ore deposit in the Iberian Pyrite Belt that was mined primarily for copper and sulfur in the past. Currently, the deserted mine and mine wastes are the reason for the production of acid mining drainage releasing potentially harmful elements. Because metastable secondary sulfates may temporary sink toxic pollutants, the in situ monitoring of their distribution is required. In this work, we tested a handheld Raman spectrometer equipped with a 532 nm laser excitation for this task. Twelve selected samples of complex composition were analyzed directly in the field using the handheld Raman spectrometer. For comparison, the collected samples were additionally analyzed through laboratory‐based Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Based on the in situ measurements, rozenite, melanterite, coquimbite, jarosite, metavoltine, chalcanthite, bonattite, antlerite, halotrichite‐group minerals, gypsum, and sulfur were detected. The results show that handheld Raman spectrometer is comparable with other laboratory techniques and such handheld systems can be deployed successfully for monitoring of sulfate distribution directly on site.
Dose‐ rather than fluence‐averaged LET should be used as a single‐parameter descriptor of proton beam quality for radiochromic film dosimetry
Authors: Resch Andreas Franz , Heyes Paul David , Fuchs Hermann , Bassler Niels , Georg Dietmar , Palmans Hugo 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe dose response of Gafchromic EBT3 films exposed to proton beams depends on the dose, and additionally on the beam quality, which is often quantified with the linear energy transfer (LET) and, hence, also referred to as LET quenching. Fundamentally different methods to determine correction factors for this LET quenching effect have been reported in literature and a new method using the local proton fluence distribution differential in LET is presented. This method was exploited to investigate whether a more practical correction based on the dose‐ or fluence‐averaged LET is feasible in a variety of clinically possible beam arrangements.MethodsThe relative effectiveness (RE) was characterized within a high LET spread‐out Bragg peak (SOBP) in water made up by the six lowest available energies (62.4–67.5 MeV, configuration “”) resulting in one of the highest clinically feasible dose‐averaged LET distributions. Additionally, two beams were measured where a low LET proton beam (252.7 MeV) was superimposed on “”, which contributed either 50% of the initial particle fluence or 50% of the dose in the SOBP, referred to as configuration “” and “,” respectively. The proton LET spectrum was simulated with GATE/Geant4 at all measurement positions. The net optical density change differential in LET was integrated over the local proton spectrum to calculate the net optical density and therefrom the beam quality correction factor. The LET dependence of the film response was accounted for by an LET dependence of one of the three parameters in the calibration function and was determined from inverse optimization using measurement “.” This method was then validated on the measurements of “” and “” and subsequently used to calculate the RE at 900 positions in nine clinically relevant beams. The extrapolated RE set was used to derive a simple linear correction function based on dose‐averaged LET () and verify the validity in all points of the comprehensive RE set.ResultsThe uncorrected film dose deviated up to 26% from the reference dose, whereas the corrected film dose agreed within 3% in all three beams in water (“”, “” and “”). The LET dependence of the calibration function started to strongly increase around 5 keV/μm and flatten out around 30 keV/μm. All REs calculated from the proton fluence in the nine simulated beams could be approximated with a linear function of dose‐averaged LET (RE = 1.0258−0.0211 μm/keV ). However, no functional relationship of RE‐ and fluence‐averaged LET could be found encompassing all beam energies and modulations.ConclusionsThe film quenching was found to be nonlinear as a function of proton LET as well as of the dose‐averaged LET. However, the linear relation of RE on dose‐averaged LET was a good approximation in all cases. In contrast to dose‐averaged LET, fluence‐averaged LET could not describe the RE when multiple beams were applied.
Latent class analysis of obesity‐related characteristics and associations with body mass index among young children
Authors: Anderson Laura N. , Sandhu Ravinder , Keown‐Stoneman Charles D.G. , De Rubeis Vanessa , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Carsley Sarah , Maguire Jonathon L. , Birken Catherine S. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryObjectiveIdentifying how obesity‐related characteristics cluster in populations is important to understand disease risk. Objectives of this study were to identify classes of children based on obesity‐related variables and to evaluate the associations between the identified classes and overweight and obesity.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among children 3–11 years of age (n = 5185) from the TARGet Kids! network (2008–2018). Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct classes of children based on 15 family, metabolic, health behaviours and school‐related variables. Associations between the identified latent classes and overweight and obesity were estimated using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsSix classes were identified: Class 1: ‘Family and health risk behaviours’ (20%), Class 2: ‘Metabolic risk’ (7%), Class 3: ‘High risk’ (6%), Class 4: ‘High triglycerides’ (21%), Class 5: ‘Health risk behaviours and developmental concern’ (22%), and Class 6: ‘Healthy’ (24%). Children in Classes 1–5 had increased odds of both overweight and obesity compared with ‘Healthy’ class. Class 3 'High risk' was most strongly associated with child overweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 3.2) and obesity (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7, 6.7).ConclusionsDistinct classes of children identified based on obesity‐related characteristics were all associated with increased obesity; however, the magnitude of risk varied depending on number of at‐risk characteristics. Understanding the clustering of obesity characteristics in children may inform precision public health and population prevention interventions.
Effects of β2‐Adrenergic Agonists on Risk of Parkinson's Disease in COPD: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Chen Wenjia , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Tavakoli Hamid , Samii Ali , Etminan Mahyar 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionMultiple studies have investigated the role of β2‐adrenoreceptor agonists on the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether β2‐agonist use is associated with the risk of PD in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been examined to date.ObjectivesTo examine the association between use of β2‐agonist and the risk of PD in patients with COPD.MethodsA case‐control study nested within a cohort of patients with COPD using the British Columbia health administrative databases from 1997 to 2015 was performed. Among a cohort of patients with COPD, all cases of PD were identified, and matched each case to up to five controls by age and calendar time. The use of β2‐agonists was assessed between the third and fourth year preceding the date of PD diagnosis, followed by additional two years of grace period (between the first and second year preceding PD incidence) to control for PD latency. The use of β2‐agonists was categorized into three levels: regular use (≥ 1 dispensation for every 6 months), irregular use (dispensation in one to three 6‐month periods), and no use. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the rate ratio of PD according to β2‐agonist use, rigorously controlling for confounding variables.ResultsAmong 242,218 COPD patients, 732 PD cases and 3660 controls were identified. Use of β2‐agonists did not significantly affect the subsequent risk of PD (vs no use, adjusted rate ratios: regular use, 1.14 [95% CI: 0.93, 1.40, p=0.21], irregular use, 1.15 [95% CI: 0.92, 1.45, p=0.22]). Results remained consistent with competing risk sensitivity analysis.ConclusionUse of β2‐agonists does not appear to affect the risk of PD in a real‐world COPD population.
Integrated Seed Proteome and Phosphoproteome Analyses Reveal Interplay of Nutrient Dynamics, Carbon–Nitrogen Partitioning, and Oxidative Signaling in Chickpea
Authors: Sinha Arunima , Haider Toshiba , Narula Kanika , Ghosh Sudip , Chakraborty Niranjan , Chakraborty Subhra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNutrient dynamics in storage organs is a complex developmental process that requires coordinated interactions of environmental, biochemical, and genetic factors. Although sink organ developmental events have been identified, understanding of translational and post‐translational regulation of reserve synthesis, accumulation, and utilization in legumes is limited. To understand nutrient dynamics during embryonic and cotyledonary photoheterotrophic transition to mature and germinating autotrophic seeds, an integrated proteomics and phosphoproteomics study in six sequential seed developmental stages in chickpea is performed. MS/MS analyses identify 109 unique nutrient‐associated proteins (NAPs) involved in metabolism, storage and biogenesis, and protein turnover. Differences and similarities in 60 nutrient‐associated phosphoproteins (NAPPs) containing 93 phosphosites are compared with NAPs. Data reveal accumulation of carbon–nitrogen metabolic and photosynthetic proteoforms during seed filling. Furthermore, enrichment of storage proteoforms and protease inhibitors is associated with cell expansion and seed maturation. Finally, combined proteoforms network analysis identifies three significant modules, centered around malate dehydrogenase, HSP70, triose phosphate isomerase, and vicilin. Novel clues suggest that ubiquitin–proteasome pathway regulates nutrient reallocation. Second, increased abundance of NAPs/NAPPs related to oxidative and serine/threonine signaling indicates direct interface between redox sensing and signaling during seed development. Taken together, nutrient signals act as metabolic and differentiation determinant governing storage organ reprogramming.
Honeycomb lung‐like structures resulting from clustering of traction bronchiectasis distally in sarcoidosis
Authors: Sawahata Michiru , Shijubo Noriharu , Johkoh Takeshi , Hagiwara Koichi , Konno Satoshi , Yamaguchi Tetsuo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGene expression profiles of patients with progressive sarcoidosis, most of whom had evidence of fibrosis on imaging, have been reported to be similar to those of patients with inflammatory hypersensitivity pneumonitis, while expression profiles in progressive sarcoidosis did not resemble those of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, it is not known whether specific parenchymal features discerned on computed tomography (CT) imaging can predict development of fibrosis in pulmonary fibrosis. We herein describe a rare case of pulmonary sarcoidosis with honeycomb lung‐like structures developing as a result of concentration of traction bronchiectasis distally, predominantly in both lower lung fields, which developed through shrinkage of consolidations comprising a “central–peripheral band” detected in a woman in her 60s, with non‐caseating epithelioid granuloma. To our knowledge, this is the first case demonstrating the distinctive morphology and developmental process of honeycomb lung‐like structures in fibrotic pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Cholecystectomy under thoracic epidural anaesthesia for patient with severe intra‐pulmonary shunt
Authors: Frankel Agustina , Ferris Rebekah , Hodgkinson Peter , Ellender Claire M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPulmonary arteriovenous malformations are common in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and can be associated with significant hypoxia and intra‐pulmonary shunt. We present a case of a young man with a known 57% calculated shunt requiring abdominal surgery and the multidisciplinary decisions required in the preoperative period to minimize post‐operative complications.