bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Southern Oscillation Index, Temperature, and Precipitation on Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Activity in Florida
Authors: Miley Kristi M , Downs Joni , Beeman Sean P , Unnasch Thomas R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), an Alphavirus from family Togaviridae, is a highly pathogenic arbovirus affecting the eastern United States, especially Florida. Effects of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), precipitation, and cooling degree days on EEEV horse case data in Florida from 2004 to 2018 were modeled using distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs). The analysis was conducted at statewide and regional scales. DLNMs were used to model potential delayed effects of the covariates on monthly counts of horse cases. Both models confirmed a seasonal trend in EEEV transmission and found that precipitation, cooling degree days, and the SOI were all predictors of monthly numbers of horse cases. EEEV activity in horses was associated with higher amounts of rainfall during the month of transmission at the statewide scale, as well as the prior 3 mo at the regional scale, fewer cooling degree days during the month of transmission and the preceding 3 mo and high SOI values during the month and the previous 2 mo, and SOI values in the prior 2 to 8 mo. Horse cases were lower during El Niño winters but higher during the following summer, while La Niña winters were associated with higher numbers of cases and fewer during the following summer. At the regional scale, extremely low levels of precipitation were associated with a suppression of EEEV cases for 3 mo. Given the periodicity and potential predictability of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles, precipitation, and temperature, these results may provide a method for predicting EEEV risk potential in Florida.
Who Is in Charge? The Provision of Informal Personal Resources at the Street Level
Authors: Lavee Einat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStreet-level bureaucrats (SLBs) nowadays provide services under conditions of increased demand for public services coupled with scarcer financial resources. The literature that focuses on how workers adapt to this situation mainly examines their provision of formal resources as part of their job. What researchers have not systematically examined is the delivery of informal personal resources (IFRs) by street-level workers to clients. Understanding the provision of IFRs is particularly important when “no one is fully in charge” of public services. Drawing on 214 in-depth qualitative interviews with SLBs who provide education, health, and welfare services in the public sector in Israel, we found a remarkable range of IFRs they provided to clients. We also found that four main factors influencing the provision of IFRs: lack of formal resources; professional commitment; managerial encouragement; and a work environment whose values combine old and new approaches to public service. The findings contribute to the public administration literature by exposing how public service function in a somewhat vague reality, and they contribute to the SLB literature by highlighting the unrecognized component of informal service provision.
Inter- and intraspecific variability of plant individual growth and its role on species ranking in grasslands
Authors: Perronne Rémi , Jabot Franck , Pottier Julien 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
Individual growth constitutes a major component of individual fitness. However, measuring growth rates of herbaceous plants non-destructively at the individual level is notoriously difficult. This study, based on an accurate non-destructive method of aboveground biomass estimation, aims to assess individual relative growth rates (RGRs) of some species, identify its environmental drivers and test its consequences on community patterning. We specifically address three questions: (i) to what extent environmental conditions explain differences in individual plant growth between sites, (ii) what is the magnitude of intraspecific variability of plant individual growth within and between sites and (iii) do species-averaged (dis-)advantage of individual growth compared with the whole vegetation within a site correlate with species ranking at the community level?

Methods
We monitored the growth of individuals of four common perennial species in 18 permanent grasslands chosen along a large pedoclimatic gradient located in the Massif Central, France. We measured soil properties, levels of resources and meteorological parameters to characterize environmental conditions at the site level. This design enables us to assess the influence of environmental conditions on individual growth and the relative extent of inter-individual variability of growth explained within and between sites. We determined the ranking of each of the four species in each site with botanical surveys to assess the relationship between species-averaged growth (dis-)advantage relative to the whole community and species rank in the community.

Important Findings
We found that environmental conditions explain a significant proportion of individual growth variability, and that this proportion is strongly variable between species. Light availability was the main driver of plant growth, followed by rainfall amount and potential evapotranspiration, while soil properties had only a slight effect. We further highlighted a moderate to high within-site inter-individual variability of growth. We finally showed that there was no correlation between species ranking and species-averaged individual growth.
On-sky calibration of a SKA1-low station in the presence of mutual coupling
Authors: Borg J , Magro A , Zarb Adami K , de lera Acedo E , Sutinjo A , Ung D 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
This paper deals with the calibration of the analogue chains of a Square Kilometre Array (SKA) phased aperture array station, using embedded element patterns (one per antenna in the array, thus accounting for the full effects of mutual coupling) or average element patterns to generate model visibilities. The array is composed of 256 log-periodic dipole array antennas. A simulator capable of generating such per-baseline model visibility correlation matrices was implemented, which allowed for a direct comparison of calibration results using Statistically Efficient and Fast Calibration (StEFCal) with both pattern types. Calibrating the array with StEFCal using simulator-generated model visibilities was successful and thus constitutes a possible routine for calibration of an SKA phase aperture array station. In addition, results indicate that there was no significant advantage in calibrating with embedded element patterns, with StEFCal successfully retrieving similar per-element coefficients with model visibilities generated with either pattern type. This can be of significant importance for mitigating computational costs for calibration, particularly for the consideration of real-time calibration strategies. Data from the Aperture Array Verification System 1 prototype station in Western Australia was used for demonstration purposes.
High-redshift damped Ly α absorbing galaxy model reproducing the N H I − Z distribution
Authors: Krogager Jens-Kristian , Møller Palle , Christensen Lise B , Noterdaeme Pasquier , Fynbo Johan P U , Freudling Wolfram 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate how damped Lyman α absorbers (DLAs) at $z$ ∼ 2 − 3, detected in large optical spectroscopic surveys of quasars, trace the population of star-forming galaxies. Building on previous results, we construct a model based on observed and physically motivated scaling relations in order to reproduce the bivariate distributions of metallicity, Z, and H i column density, $N_{\rm H\, \rm{\small {I}}}$. Furthermore, the observed impact parameters for galaxies associated to DLAs are in agreement with the model predictions. The model strongly favours a metallicity gradient, which scales with the luminosity of the host galaxy, with a value of γ* = −0.019 ± 0.008 dex kpc−1 for L* galaxies that gets steeper for fainter galaxies. We find that DLAs trace galaxies over a wide range of galaxy luminosities, however, the bulk of the DLA cross-section arises in galaxies with L ∼ 0.1 L* at $z$ ∼ 2.5 consistent with numerical simulations.
Re-examining the evidence of the Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall
Authors: Christian Sam 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
In the lambda cold dark matter paradigm of cosmology, anisotropies larger than 260 Mpc should not exist. However, the existence of the Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall (HCB) is purported to challenge this principle by some with an estimated size exceeding 2000 Mpc. Recently, some have challenged the assertion of the existence of the HCB, attributing the anisotropy to sky exposure effects. It has never been explained why the original methods purporting the existence of the HCB produce anisotropies, even if sky-exposure effects are taken into account. In this paper, I apply the methods of the original papers purporting the existence of the HCB in various Monte Carlo simulations that assume isotropy to analyse the empirical meaning of the significance levels of the original tests used. I find that, although the statistical tests at first glance show significant anisotropies present in the suspect sample, Monte Carlo simulations can easily reproduce the sample in most cases, and if not, the differences can be accounted for by other statistical considerations. An updated sample raises the probability of drawing the observed clustering from an isotropic sample ten-fold in some cases. Thus the statistical tests used in prior studies overestimate the significance of the observed anisotropy, and an updated sample returns even less significant probabilities. Given the ability to reproduce the observed anisotropy in Monte Carlo simulations, the new, higher probabilities of being drawn from isotropy for an updated sample, and the work of previous papers attributing anisotropies to sky-selection effects, the existence of the HCB must be treated as doubtful at best.
Fainter harder brighter softer: a correlation between αox, X-ray spectral state, and Eddington ratio in tidal disruption events
Authors: Wevers Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We explore the accretion states of tidal disruption events (TDEs) using a sample of seven X-ray bright sources. To this end, we estimate the relative contribution of the disc and corona to the observed X-ray emission through spectral modelling, and assess the X-ray brightness (through αox, L$_{2\ \rm keV}$, and fEdd,X) as a function of the Eddington ratio. We report strong positive correlations between αox and fEdd,bol; fEdd,X and fEdd,UV; and an anticorrelation for L$_{2\ \rm keV}$ and fEdd,UV. TDEs at high fEdd,bol have thermal dominated X-ray spectra and high (soft) αox, whereas those at low fEdd,bol show a significant power-law contribution and low (hard) αox. Similar to X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei, the transition between X-ray spectral states occurs around fEdd,bol ≈ 0.03, although the uncertainty is large due to the small sample size. Our results suggest that X-ray surveys are more likely to discover TDEs at low fEdd,bol, whereas optical surveys are more sensitive to TDEs at high Eddington ratios. The X-ray and optical selected TDEs have different UV and X-ray properties, which should be taken into account when deriving rates, luminosity, and black hole mass functions.
ASAP 2020 update: an open, scalable and interactive web-based portal for (single-cell) omics analyses
Authors: David Fabrice P A , Litovchenko Maria , Deplancke Bart , Gardeux Vincent 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Single-cell omics enables researchers to dissect biological systems at a resolution that was unthinkable just 10 years ago. However, this analytical revolution also triggered new demands in ‘big data’ management, forcing researchers to stay up to speed with increasingly complex analytical processes and rapidly evolving methods. To render these processes and approaches more accessible, we developed the web-based, collaborative portal ASAP (Automated Single-cell Analysis Portal). Our primary goal is thereby to democratize single-cell omics data analyses (scRNA-seq and more recently scATAC-seq). By taking advantage of a Docker system to enhance reproducibility, and novel bioinformatics approaches that were recently developed for improving scalability, ASAP meets challenging requirements set by recent cell atlasing efforts such as the Human (HCA) and Fly (FCA) Cell Atlas Projects. Specifically, ASAP can now handle datasets containing millions of cells, integrating intuitive tools that allow researchers to collaborate on the same project synchronously. ASAP tools are versioned, and researchers can create unique access IDs for storing complete analyses that can be reproduced or completed by others. Finally, ASAP does not require any installation and provides a full and modular single-cell RNA-seq analysis pipeline. ASAP is freely available at https://asap.epfl.ch.
Inhibition of SETMAR–H3K36me2–NHEJ repair axis in residual disease cells prevents glioblastoma recurrence
Authors: Kaur Ekjot , Nair Jyothi , Ghorai Atanu , Mishra Saket V , Achareker Anagha , Ketkar Madhura , Sarkar Debashmita , Salunkhe Sameer , Rajendra Jacinth , Gardi Nilesh , Desai Sanket , Iyer Prajish , Thorat Rahul , Dutt Amit , Moiyadi Aliasgar , Dutt Shilpee 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Residual disease of glioblastoma (GBM) causes recurrence. However, targeting residual cells has failed, due to their inaccessibility and our lack of understanding of their survival mechanisms to radiation therapy. Here we deciphered a residual cell–specific survival mechanism essential for GBM relapse.

Methods
Therapy resistant residual (RR) cells were captured from primary patient samples and cell line models mimicking clinical scenario of radiation resistance. Molecular signaling of resistance in RR cells was identified using RNA sequencing, genetic and pharmacological perturbations, overexpression systems, and molecular and biochemical assays. Findings were validated in patient samples and an orthotopic mouse model.

Results
RR cells form more aggressive tumors than the parental cells in an orthotopic mouse model. Upon radiation-induced damage, RR cells preferentially activated a nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair pathway, upregulating Ku80 and Artemis while downregulating meiotic recombination 11 (Mre11) at protein but not RNA levels. Mechanistically, RR cells upregulate the Su(var)3-9/enhancer-of-zeste/trithorax (SET) domain and mariner transposase fusion gene (SETMAR), mediating high levels of H3K36me2 and global euchromatization. High H3K36me2 leads to efficiently recruiting NHEJ proteins. Conditional knockdown of SETMAR in RR cells induced irreversible senescence partly mediated by reduced H3K36me2. RR cells expressing mutant H3K36A could not retain Ku80 at double-strand breaks, thus compromising NHEJ repair, leading to apoptosis and abrogation of tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of the NHEJ pathway phenocopied H3K36 mutation effect, confirming dependency of RR cells on the NHEJ pathway for their survival.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that the SETMAR-NHEJ regulatory axis is essential for the survival of clinically relevant radiation RR cells, abrogation of which prevents recurrence in GBM.
Utility of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score for Predicting Adverse Outcomes in Degenerative Spine Surgery Cohorts
Authors: Hannah Theodore C , Neifert Sean N , Caridi John M , Martini Michael L , Lamb Colin , Rothrock Robert J , Yuk Frank J , Gilligan Jeffrey , Genadry Lisa , Gal Jonathan S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
As spine surgery becomes increasingly common in the elderly, frailty has been used to risk stratify these patients. The Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) is a novel method of assessing frailty using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. However, HFRS utility has not been evaluated in spinal surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the accuracy of HFRS in predicting adverse outcomes of surgical spine patients.

METHODS
Patients undergoing elective spine surgery at a single institution from 2008 to 2016 were reviewed, and those undergoing surgery for tumors, traumas, and infections were excluded. The HFRS was calculated for each patient, and rates of adverse events were calculated for low, medium, and high frailty cohorts. Predictive ability of the HFRS in a model containing other relevant variables for various outcomes was also calculated.

RESULTS
Intensive care unit (ICU) stays were more prevalent in high HFRS patients (66%) than medium (31%) or low (7%) HFRS patients. Similar results were found for nonhome discharges and 30-d readmission rates. Logistic regressions showed HFRS improved the accuracy of predicting ICU stays (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.87), nonhome discharges (AUC = 0.84), and total complications (AUC = 0.84). HFRS was less effective at improving predictions of 30-d readmission rates (AUC = 0.65) and emergency department visits (AUC = 0.60).

CONCLUSION
HFRS is a better predictor of length of stay (LOS), ICU stays, and nonhome discharges than readmission and may improve on modified frailty index in predicting LOS. Since ICU stays and nonhome discharges are the main drivers of cost variability in spine surgery, HFRS may be a valuable tool for cost prediction in this specialty.
A Systematic Review of Deep Brain Stimulation Targets for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Raviv Nataly , Staudt Michael D , Rock Andrew K , MacDonell Jacquelyn , Slyer Julia , Pilitsis Julie G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex neuropsychiatric disease characterized by obsessions and compulsions. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has demonstrated efficacy in improving symptoms in medically refractory patients. Multiple targets have been investigated.

OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the current level and quality of evidence supporting OCD-DBS by target region with the goal of establishing a common nomenclature.

METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed database and a patient/problem, intervention, comparison, outcome search with the terms “DBS” and “OCD.” Of 86 eligible articles that underwent full-text review, 28 were included for review. Articles were excluded if the target was not specified, the focus on nonclinical outcomes, the follow-up period shorter than 3 mo, or the sample size smaller than 3 subjects. Level of evidence was assigned according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons joint guideline committee recommendations. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

RESULTS
Selected publications included 9 randomized controlled trials, 1 cohort study, 1 case-control study, 1 cross-sectional study, and 16 case series. Striatal region targets such as the anterior limb of the internal capsule, ventral capsule/ventral striatum, and nucleus accumbens were identified, but stereotactic coordinates were similar despite differing structural names. Only 15 of 28 articles included coordinates.

CONCLUSION
The striatal area is the most commonly targeted region for OCD-DBS. We recommend a common nomenclature based on this review. To move the field forward to individualized therapy, active contact location relative to stereotactic coordinates and patient specific anatomical and clinical variances need to be reported.
低碳水化合物饮食与心脏代谢健康:碳水化合物“质”重于“量”
Authors: Sievenpiper John L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
碳水化合物日益与肥胖、糖尿病及其下游心血管代谢疾病的流行 有关。已有学者提出了” 碳水化合物-胰岛素模型” 来解释碳水化合物 的这种作用。推测碳水化合物的高摄入诱导了以高胰岛素血症为特征 的内分泌失调，改变能量分配——脂肪组织中能量储存的增加，从而 导致食物摄入的适应性增加和能量消耗的降低。是否所有碳水化合物 食物在真实的摄入条件下直接导致体重增加及其并发症，或该模型是 否能解释这些临床现象，还需要经过严格查验。本综述的目的是评估 碳水化合物的数量与质量在心脏代谢健康作用的证据。尽管” 碳水化 合物-胰岛素模型” 的临床研究已经表明胰岛素分泌减少并且脂肪氧化 增加，但是在低碳水化合物摄入下并没有实现预期的脂肪减少。现有 最佳证据的系统评价和网络荟萃分析未能表明低碳水化合物膳食在长 期临床减重方面具有优势，或所有来源的碳水化合物的作用相同。强 调含有重要营养素和物质的食物的高碳水化合物膳食，如全谷类(特 别是燕麦和大麦)、豆类或水果；低血糖指数和负荷；或高纤维(特别 是粘性纤维源) 在随机试验中降低了心脏代谢中间危险因素，并且在 前瞻性队列研究中与体重减轻、糖尿病、心血管疾病的发病率和心血 管死亡率的降低相关。糖作为碳水化合物质量标志的证据似乎高度依 赖于能量控制和食物来源，提供过多的能量的含糖饮料已显示出危害，含糖的高质量碳水化合物食物源(如，水果、100% 果汁、酸奶和早餐 谷物)显示出在能量供给上相匹配的替代精制淀粉(低质碳水化合物 食物源)的益处。这些数据反映了当前膳食指南的变化——允许膳食 中宏量营养素(包括碳水化合物)比例更加灵活，重点关注“质量”胜 过“数量”以及膳食模式，而非单一营养素的影响
Social isolation and loneliness of UK veterans: a Delphi study
Authors: Leslie C , McGill G , Kiernan M D , Wilson G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Evidence increasingly acknowledges the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the lives of military veterans and the wider Armed Forces Community.

Aims
The study gathered expert consensus to (i) understand if veterans are considered ‘unique’ in their experiences of social isolation and loneliness; (ii) examine perceived factors leading to social isolation and loneliness of veterans; (iii) identify ways to tackle veterans’ social isolation and loneliness.

Methods
This study adopted a three-phase Delphi method. Phase 1 utilized a qualitative approach and Phase 2 and Phase 3 utilized a mixed-methods approach.

Results
Several outcomes were identified across the three phases. Transition out of the military was viewed as a period to build emotional resilience and raise awareness of relevant services. It was also concluded that veterans would benefit from integrating into services within the wider community, and that social prescribing services could be a vehicle to link veterans to relevant services. Furthermore, access to, and the content of, programmes was also of importance.

Conclusions
These findings illustrate various important interventional aspects to consider when funding and implementing programmes focussed on tackling social isolation and loneliness.
Cefiderocol for Extensively Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections: Real-world Experience From a Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zingg Sandra , Nicoletti G Jacopo , Kuster Sabine , Junker Milena , Widmer Andreas , Egli Adrian , Hinic Vladimira , Sendi Parham , Battegay Manuel , Bättig Veronika , Khanna Nina , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCefiderocol is a new siderophore cephalosporin with activity against carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Data on its clinical efficacy are limited to complicated urinary tract infections. We present a series of 3 patients successfully treated with cefiderocol for complicated health care–associated infections and review published case reports.
O’Hara, the Heel
Authors: Lindberg Julianne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines John O’Hara’s influence on the flavor of Pal Joey. The musical is loosely based on his “Joey” stories (originally published between 1938 and 1940 in installments in the New Yorker), which reflect a style typical of the author: frank, realistic, and modern in vernacular. One of O’Hara’s specialties was his characterization of the antihero; this type of character features throughout his novels and short stories and was accompanied by a cynical realism that went on to permeate the atmosphere of Pal Joey, the musical. Understanding O’Hara’s literary style and reputation, and his laser-like focus on class relations, illuminates the place of his Joey stories in American literature. It also helps contextualize theater critics’ mixed reaction to O’Hara’s script, and to literary realism on the Broadway stage.