bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrared spectroscopic study of hydrogen bonding topologies in the smallest ice cube
Authors: Li Gang , Zhang Yang-Yang , Li Qinming , Wang Chong , Yu Yong , Zhang Bingbing , Hu Han-Shi , Zhang Weiqing , Dai Dongxu , Wu Guorong , Zhang Dong H. , Li Jun , Yang Xueming , Jiang Ling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe water octamer with its cubic structure consisting of six four-membered rings presents an excellent cluster system for unraveling the cooperative interactions driven by subtle changes in the hydrogen-bonding topology. Despite prediction of many distinct structures, it has not been possible to extract the structural information encoded in their vibrational spectra because this requires size-selectivity of the neutral clusters with sufficient resolution to identify the contributions of the different isomeric forms. Here we report the size-specific infrared spectra of the isolated cold, neutral water octamer using a scheme based on threshold photoionization using a tunable vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser. A plethora of sharp vibrational bands features are observed. Theoretical analysis of these patterns reveals the coexistence of five cubic isomers, including two with chirality. The relative energies of these structures are found to reflect topology-dependent, delocalized multi-center hydrogen-bonding interactions. These results demonstrate that even with a common structural motif, the degree of cooperativity among the hydrogen-bonding network creates a hierarchy of distinct species. The implications of these results on possible metastable forms of ice are speculated.
YAP and TAZ protect against white adipocyte cell death during obesity
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang ShengPeng , Shi Yue , Li Rui , Günther Stefan , Ong Yu Ting , Potente Michael , Yuan Zuyi , Liu Enqi , Offermanns Stefan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe expansion of the white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity goes along with increased mechanical, metabolic and inflammatory stress. How adipocytes resist this stress is still poorly understood. Both in human and mouse adipocytes, the transcriptional co-activators YAP/TAZ and YAP/TAZ target genes become activated during obesity. When fed a high-fat diet (HFD), mice lacking YAP/TAZ in white adipocytes develop severe lipodystrophy with adipocyte cell death. The pro-apoptotic factor BIM, which is downregulated in adipocytes of obese mice and humans, is strongly upregulated in YAP/TAZ-deficient adipocytes under HFD, and suppression of BIM expression reduces adipocyte apoptosis. In differentiated adipocytes, TNFα and IL-1β promote YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation via activation of RhoA-mediated actomyosin contractility and increase YAP/TAZ-mediated transcriptional regulation by activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and AP-1. Our data indicate that the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway may be a target to control adipocyte cell death and compensatory adipogenesis during obesity.
A self-powered analog sensor-data-logging device based on Fowler-Nordheim dynamical systems
Authors: Mehta Darshit , Aono Kenji , Chakrabartty Shantanu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractContinuous, battery-free operation of sensor nodes requires ultra-low-power sensing and data-logging techniques. Here we report that by directly coupling a sensor/transducer signal into globally asymptotically stable monotonic dynamical systems based on Fowler-Nordheim quantum tunneling, one can achieve self-powered sensing at an energy budget that is currently unachievable using conventional energy harvesting methods. The proposed device uses a differential architecture to compensate for environmental variations and the device can retain sensed information for durations ranging from hours to days. With a theoretical operating energy budget less than 10 attojoules, we demonstrate that when integrated with a miniature piezoelectric transducer the proposed sensor-data-logger can measure cumulative “action” due to ambient mechanical acceleration without any additional external power.
Topographic, soil, and climate drivers of drought sensitivity in forests and shrublands of the Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Cartwright Jennifer M. , Littlefield Caitlin E. , Michalak Julia L. , Lawler Joshua J. , Dobrowski Solomon Z. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate change is anticipated to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts, with major impacts to ecosystems globally. Broad-scale assessments of vegetation responses to drought are needed to anticipate, manage, and potentially mitigate climate-change effects on ecosystems. We quantified the drought sensitivity of vegetation in the Pacific Northwest, USA, as the percent reduction in vegetation greenness under droughts relative to baseline moisture conditions. At a regional scale, shrub-steppe ecosystems—with drier climates and lower biomass—showed greater drought sensitivity than conifer forests. However, variability in drought sensitivity was considerable within biomes and within ecosystems and was mediated by landscape topography, climate, and soil characteristics. Drought sensitivity was generally greater in areas with higher elevation, drier climate, and greater soil bulk density. Ecosystems with high drought sensitivity included dry forests along ecotones to shrublands, Rocky Mountain subalpine forests, and cold upland sagebrush communities. In forests, valley bottoms and areas with low soil bulk density and high soil available water capacity showed reduced drought sensitivity, suggesting their potential as drought refugia. These regional-scale drought-sensitivity patterns discerned from remote sensing can complement plot-scale studies of plant physiological responses to drought to help inform climate-adaptation planning as drought conditions intensify.
Medical costs of keeping the US economy open during COVID-19
Authors: Chen Jiangzhuo , Vullikanti Anil , Hoops Stefan , Mortveit Henning , Lewis Bryan , Venkatramanan Srinivasan , You Wen , Eubank Stephen , Marathe Madhav , Barrett Chris , Marathe Achla 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe use an individual based model and national level epidemic simulations to estimate the medical costs of keeping the US economy open during COVID-19 pandemic under different counterfactual scenarios. We model an unmitigated scenario and 12 mitigation scenarios which differ in compliance behavior to social distancing strategies and in the duration of the stay-home order. Under each scenario we estimate the number of people who are likely to get infected and require medical attention, hospitalization, and ventilators. Given the per capita medical cost for each of these health states, we compute the total medical costs for each scenario and show the tradeoffs between deaths, costs, infections, compliance and the duration of stay-home order. We also consider the hospital bed capacity of each Hospital Referral Region (HRR) in the US to estimate the deficit in beds each HRR will likely encounter given the demand for hospital beds. We consider a case where HRRs share hospital beds among the neighboring HRRs during a surge in demand beyond the available beds and the impact it has in controlling additional deaths.
Genetic parameters and associated genomic regions for global immunocompetence and other health-related traits in pigs
Authors: Ballester Maria , Ramayo-Caldas Yuliaxis , González-Rodríguez Olga , Pascual Mariam , Reixach Josep , Díaz Marta , Blanc Fany , López-Serrano Sergi , Tibau Joan , Quintanilla Raquel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe inclusion of health-related traits, or functionally associated genetic markers, in pig breeding programs could contribute to produce more robust and disease resistant animals. The aim of the present work was to study the genetic determinism and genomic regions associated to global immunocompetence and health in a Duroc pig population. For this purpose, a set of 30 health-related traits covering immune (mainly innate), haematological, and stress parameters were measured in 432 healthy Duroc piglets aged 8 weeks. Moderate to high heritabilities were obtained for most traits and significant genetic correlations among them were observed. A genome wide association study pointed out 31 significantly associated SNPs at whole-genome level, located in six chromosomal regions on pig chromosomes SSC4, SSC6, SSC17 and SSCX, for IgG, γδ T-cells, C-reactive protein, lymphocytes phagocytic capacity, total number of lymphocytes, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin. A total of 16 promising functionally-related candidate genes, includingCRP,NFATC2,PRDX1,SLA,ST3GAL1, andVPS4A, have been proposed to explain the variation of immune and haematological traits. Our results enhance the knowledge of the genetic control of traits related with immunity and support the possibility of applying effective selection programs to improve immunocompetence in pigs.
Deep phenotype unsupervised machine learning revealed the significance of pachychoroid features in etiology and visual prognosis of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Hosoda Yoshikatsu , Miyake Masahiro , Yamashiro Kenji , Ooto Sotaro , Takahashi Ayako , Oishi Akio , Miyata Manabu , Uji Akihito , Muraoka Yuki , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnsupervised machine learning has received increased attention in clinical research because it allows researchers to identify novel and objective viewpoints for diseases with complex clinical characteristics. In this study, we applied a deep phenotyping method to classify Japanese patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in developed countries, showing high phenotypic heterogeneity. By applying unsupervised deep phenotype clustering, patients with AMD were classified into two groups. One of the groups had typical AMD features, whereas the other one showed the pachychoroid-related features that were recently identified as a potentially important factor in AMD pathogenesis. Based on these results, a scoring system for classification was established; a higher score was significantly associated with a rapid improvement in visual acuity after specific treatment. This needs to be validated in other datasets in the future. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates the usefulness of unsupervised classification and provides important knowledge for future AMD studies.
Quantum phase transitions in nonhermitian harmonic oscillator
Authors: Znojil Miloslav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Stone theorem requires that in a physical Hilbert space $${{{\mathcal {H}}}}$$
H
the time-evolution of a stable quantum system is unitary if and only if the corresponding Hamiltonian H is self-adjoint. Sometimes, a simpler picture of the evolution may be constructed in a manifestly unphysical Hilbert space $${{{\mathcal {K}}}}$$
K
in which H is nonhermitian but $${{\mathcal {PT}}}$$
PT
-symmetric. In applications, unfortunately, one only rarely succeeds in circumventing the key technical obstacle which lies in the necessary reconstruction of the physical Hilbert space $${{{\mathcal {H}}}}$$
H
. For a $${{\mathcal {PT}}}$$
PT
-symmetric version of the spiked harmonic oscillator we show that in the dynamical regime of the unavoided level crossings such a reconstruction of $${{{\mathcal {H}}}}$$
H
becomes feasible and, moreover, obtainable by non-numerical means. The general form of such a reconstruction of $${{{\mathcal {H}}}}$$
H
enables one to render every exceptional unavoided-crossing point tractable as a genuine, phenomenologically most appealing quantum-phase-transition instant.
Risk factors and association of body composition components for lumbar disc herniation in Northwest, Mexico
Authors: Mateos-Valenzuela Adriana G. , González-Macías Mirvana E. , Ahumada-Valdez Silvia , Villa-Angulo Carlos , Villa-Angulo Rafael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate the association of body composition components and to elucidate whether any of these components is a risk factor for Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH). The group of study consisted of 90 adults involved in a physical activity program due to overweight and obesity. 19 adults with medical diagnostic through Magnetic Resonance Imaging with LDH. Body composition data was obtained with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Descriptive statistics and principal components analysis permitted to analyze the information's structure and to visualize information clusters. A logistic regression analysis allowed us to find the association between some of the variables of body composition with LDH. The Degree of Obesity, Body Mass Index, Visceral Fat Area and the Abdominal Circumference resulted associated (P values of 0.0388, 0.0171, 0.0055 and 0.0032, respectively). The application of Odd Ratio allowed us to declare the Visceral Fat Area and Abdominal Circumference as risk factors to develop Lumbar Disk Herniation. Our results provide a new record for future studies, and support for prescription of physical activity and changes in diet, to correct or prevent the development of LDH in the population of Baja California.
Ab-interno surgical technique for the implantation of a wireless subretinal prosthesis in mini-pigs
Authors: Choi Kwang-Eon , Anh Vu Thi Que , Seo Hee Won , Kim Namju , Kim Sohee , Kim Seong-Woo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe sought to describe the surgical techniques required in the ab-interno method to implant subretinal prostheses in mini-pigs and suggest tips to facilitate optimal outcomes. During vitrectomy, the use of valved trocar cannulas was essential to stabilize the detached retina and implanted chip. As a first step in retinal detachment, a 23-gauge cannula with very small amount of viscoelastic material was used to establish the retinal hole and promote retinal detachment. Then, balanced salt solution was applied to increase the retinal detachment and diathermy was used to make opening for subretinal prosthesis. For easy positioning of the subretinal prosthesis, a curved laser probe was adopted when handling the subretinal prosthesis under the retina. After surgery, the sclerotomy sites were tightly sutured to prevent silicone oil leakage. Without special equipment, such as a 41-gauge tip, retinal detachment could be induced easily, while the prosthesis was also successfully inserted and manipulated under the retina without an iatrogenic retinal tear. Two weeks after the operation, the oil fully occupied the intraocular volume without leakage. The subretinal prosthesis remained stable without complication. Understanding the principle of the ab-interno method and considering several tips for improving surgical access may help to enhance surgical success rates of subretinal prostheses implantation.
Electrocatalytic hydrogen production by dinuclear cobalt(ii) compounds containing redox-active diamidate ligands: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Papanikolaou Michael G. , Elliott Alexander , McAllister James , Gallos John K. , Keramidas Anastasios D. , Kabanos Themistoklis A. , Sproules Stephen , Miras Haralampos N. 
Published: October 2020

The chiral dicobalt(ii) complex [CoII2(μ2-L)2] (1) (H2L =N2,N6-di(quinolin-8-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide) and itstert-butyl analogue [CoII2(μ2-LBu)2] (2) were structurally characterized and their catalytic evolution of H2 was investigated.
Search for associations containing young stars (SACY)
Authors: Zúñiga-Fernández S. , Bayo A. , Elliott P. , Zamora C. , Corvalán G. , Haubois X. , Corral-Santana J. M. , Olofsson J. , Huélamo N. , Sterzik M. F. , Torres C. A. O. , Quast G. R. , Melo C. H. F. 
Published: October 2020

Context. Nearby young associations offer one of the best opportunities for a detailed study of the properties of young stellar and substellar objects thanks to their proximity (<200 pc) and age (∼5−150 Myr). Previous works have identified spectroscopic (<5 au) binaries, close (5−1000 au) visual binaries, and wide or extremely wide (1000−100 000 au) binaries in the young associations. In most of the previous analyses, single-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB1) were identified based on radial velocities variations. However, this apparent variation may also be caused by mechanisms unrelated to multiplicity.
Aims. We seek to update the spectroscopy binary fraction of the Search for Associations Containing Young stars (SACY) sample, taking into consideration all possible biases in our identification of binary candidates, such as activity and rotation.
Methods. Using high-resolution spectroscopic observations, we produced ∼1300 cross-correlation functions (CCFs) to disentangle the previously mentioned sources of contamination. The radial velocity values we obtained were cross-matched with the literature and then used to revise and update the spectroscopic binary (SB) fraction in each object of the SACY association. In order to better describe the CCF profile, we calculated a set of high-order cross-correlation features to determine the origin of the variations in radial velocities.
Results. We identified 68 SB candidates from our sample of 410 objects. Our results hint that at the possibility that the youngest associations have a higher SB fraction. Specifically, we found sensitivity-corrected SB fractions of 22−11+15% for ϵ Cha, 31−14+16% for TW Hya and 32−8+9% for β Pictoris, in contrast to the five oldest associations we have sampled (∼35−125 Myr) which are ∼10% or lower. This result seems independent of the methodology used to asses membership to the associations.
Conclusions. The new CCF analysis, radial velocity estimates, and SB candidates are particularly relevant for membership revision of targets in young stellar associations. These targets would be ideal candidates for follow-up campaigns using high-resolution techniques to confirm binarity, resolve orbits, and, ideally, calculate dynamical masses. Additionally, if the results on the SB fraction in the youngest associations were confirmed, it could hint at a non-universal multiplicity among SACY associations.
Lifting the curtain: The Seyfert galaxy Mrk 335 emerges from deep low-state in a sequence of rapid flare events
Authors: Komossa S. , Grupe D. , Gallo L. C. , Poulos P. , Blue D. , Kara E. , Kriss G. , Longinotti A. L. , Parker M. L. , Wilkins D. 
Published: October 2020

Context. The narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 335 was one of the X-ray brightest active galactic nuclei, but it has systematically faded since 2007.
Aims. We report the discovery with Swift of a sequence of bright and rapid X-ray flare events that reveal the emergence of Mrk 335 from its ultra-deep multiyear low state.
Methods. Results are based on our dedicated multiyear monitoring of Mrk 335 with Swift.
Results. Unlike other bright active galactic nuclei, the optical–UV is generally not correlated with the X-rays in Mrk 335 on a timescale of days to months. This fact either implies the absence of a direct link between the two emission components; or else implies that the observed X-rays are significantly affected by (dust-free) absorption along our line of sight. The UV and optical, however, are closely correlated at the 99.99% confidence level. The UV is leading the optical by Δt = 1.5 ± 1.5 d. The Swift X-ray spectrum shows strong deviations from a single power law in all brightness states of the outbursts, indicating that significant absorption or reprocessing is taking place. Mrk 335 displays a softer-when-brighter variability pattern at intermediate X-ray count rates, which has been seen in our Swift data since 2007 (based on a total of 590 observations). This pattern breaks down at the highest and lowest count rates.
Conclusions. We interpret the 2020 brightening of Mrk 335 as a decrease in column density and covering factor of a partial-covering absorber along our line of sight in the form of a clumpy accretion-disk wind that reveals an increasing portion of the intrinsic emission of Mrk 335 from the disk and/or corona region, while the optical emission-line regions receive a less variable spectral energy distribution. This then also explains why Mrk 335 was never seen to change its optical Seyfert type (not “changing look”) despite its factor ∼50 X-ray variability with Swift.
Medizin auf der Grundlage einer treuhänderischen Sorgebeziehung
Authors: Naegler Heinz 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDer finanzielle Druck, dem Ärzte und Geschäftsführer in den Krankenhäusern ausgesetzt sind, ist in den letzten Jahren gestiegen. Immer häufiger wird von den Ärzten erwartet, dass sie bei ihren Entscheidungen nicht nur die Patienten-Bedürfnisse, sondern auch die Krankenhaus-Interessen berücksichtigen. Begünstigt wird dieses Geschehen durch das Fehlen von Normen, die sowohl dem Berufsethos der Ärzte verpflichtet sind als auch der Ressourcenknappheit Rechnung tragen. Mit der Einführung eines Unternehmensgrundsatzes und eines Klinik-Kodex, die als Selbstverpflichtung sowohl des Geschäftsführers als auch der Ärzte praktiziert werden, wird es möglich, das Vertrauen des Patienten in den ihn behandelnden Arzt und in die Institution Krankenhaus zu stärken und mit der Ressourcenknappheit medizinethisch vertretbar – im Sinne des sich um den Patienten sorgen – umzugehen.
Subsupercritical Water Generated by Inductive Heating Inside Flow Reactors Facilitates the Claisen Rearrangement
Authors: Kirschning Andreas , Oltmanns Mona 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClaisen rearrangement of electron-deficient O-allylated phenols, including fluorine-modified phenols, is facilitated in aqueous media at high temperatures and pressures under flow conditions, as opposed to organic solvents. The O-allylation of phenols can be coupled with the Claisen rearrangement in an integrated flow system.
CsF-Catalyzed Fluoroacylation of Tetrafluoroethylene Using Acyl Fluorides for the Synthesis of Pentafluoroethyl Ketones
Authors: Ogoshi Sensuke , Ishida Naoyoshi , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Sunagawa Denise Eimi , Ohashi Masato 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA catalytic method for the synthesis of pentafluoroethyl ketones­ has been developed. The cesium fluoride catalyst can be used to convert acyl fluorides into the pentafluoroethyl ketones under tetrafluoroethylene pressure without generating stoichiometric quantities of chemical waste. Mechanistic studies suggest that high reaction temperature is crucial for the ketone to be the major product.
Severe Locked-In-Like Guillain–Barré's Syndrome: Dilemmas in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Korinthenberg Rudolf , Eckenweiler Matthias , Fuchs Hans 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGuillain–Barré's syndrome in childhood can follow an atypical course, increasing the challenges in diagnosis and decisions regarding immunomodulatory treatment. Here, we report the case of on a 13-year-old boy with acute onset Guillain–Barré's syndrome progressing over 40 days to a very severe, locked-in-like syndrome despite intensive immunomodulatory treatment. After a plateau phase lasting 3 months and characterized by fluctuating signs of ongoing inflammatory disease activity, we were prompted to perform repeated and maintenance immunomodulatory treatment, which resulted in a continuous and nearly complete recovery of function. Atypical features at disease onset, the severe “total” loss of all peripheral and cranial nerve function, and an apparent late response to treatment give rise to reviewing the dilemmas of diagnosis and treatment in such severe and protracted courses of Guillain–Barré syndrome.