bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Euclid: The reduced shear approximation and magnification bias for Stage IV cosmic shear experiments
Authors: Deshpande A. C. , Kitching T. D. , Cardone V. F. , Taylor P. L. , Casas S. , Camera S. , Carbone C. , Kilbinger M. , Pettorino V. , Sakr Z. , Sapone D. , Tutusaus I. , Auricchio N. , Bodendorf C. , Bonino D. , Brescia M. , Capobianco V. , Carretero J. , Castellano M. , Cavuoti S. , Cledassou R. , Congedo G. , Conversi L. , Corcione L. , Cropper M. , Dubath F. , Dusini S. , Fabbian G. , Franceschi E. , Fumana M. , Garilli B. , Grupp F. , Hoekstra H. , Hormuth F. , Israel H. , Jahnke K. , Kermiche S. , Kubik B. , Kunz M. , Lacasa F. , Ligori S. , Lilje P. B. , Lloro I. , Maiorano E. , Marggraf O. , Massey R. , Mei S. , Meneghetti M. , Meylan G. , Moscardini L. , Padilla C. , Paltani S. , Pasian F. , Pires S. , Polenta G. , Poncet M. , Raison F. , Rhodes J. , Roncarelli M. , Saglia R. , Schneider P. , Secroun A. , Serrano S. , Sirri G. , Starck J. L. , Sureau F. , Taylor A. N. , Tereno I. , Toledo-Moreo R. , Valenziano L. , Wang Y. , Zoubian J. 
Published: March 2020

Context. Stage IV weak lensing experiments will offer more than an order of magnitude leap in precision. We must therefore ensure that our analyses remain accurate in this new era. Accordingly, previously ignored systematic effects must be addressed.
Aims. In this work, we evaluate the impact of the reduced shear approximation and magnification bias on information obtained from the angular power spectrum. To first-order, the statistics of reduced shear, a combination of shear and convergence, are taken to be equal to those of shear. However, this approximation can induce a bias in the cosmological parameters that can no longer be neglected. A separate bias arises from the statistics of shear being altered by the preferential selection of galaxies and the dilution of their surface densities in high-magnification regions.
Methods. The corrections for these systematic effects take similar forms, allowing them to be treated together. We calculated the impact of neglecting these effects on the cosmological parameters that would be determined from Euclid, using cosmic shear tomography. To do so, we employed the Fisher matrix formalism, and included the impact of the super-sample covariance. We also demonstrate how the reduced shear correction can be calculated using a lognormal field forward modelling approach.
Results. These effects cause significant biases in Ωm, σ8, ns, ΩDE, w0, and wa of −0.53σ, 0.43σ, −0.34σ, 1.36σ, −0.68σ, and 1.21σ, respectively. We then show that these lensing biases interact with another systematic effect: the intrinsic alignment of galaxies. Accordingly, we have developed the formalism for an intrinsic alignment-enhanced lensing bias correction. Applying this to Euclid, we find that the additional terms introduced by this correction are sub-dominant.
Spontaneous Heterotopic Pregnancy as an Uncommon Clinical
Problem
Authors: Stanic Zana , Roje Damir , Matić Dario , Persec Zoran , Dapic Kresimir , Vidaković Maja Rogić , Fureš Rajko , Hrgovic Zlatko , Fureš Dora 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Heterotopic pregnancy refers to the simultaneous coexistence
of an intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy. In natural conception it is very
rare, with a rising incidence in patients undergoing assisted reproduction
technologies. It presents a serious diagnostic problem which is often
misdiagnosed. Currently, there are no standard protocols for the treatment and
diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy.
Methods Two rare cases of spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy are
presented.
Result The first patient had a complete abortion upon which an
extrauterine pregnancy was detected. The second patient, after an extrauterine
pregnancy removal, progressed with an intrauterine pregnancy until full term and
it ended with the delivery of a healthy infant.
Conclusion Two demonstrated cases underscore that whenever abnormal
adnexal findings are presented and the beta-hCG blood test is positive, the
possibility of a heterotopic pregnancy should be suspected.
Einsatz der MRT bei Multipler Sklerose
Authors: Baum Karl , Müller Thomas 
Published: March 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Bildgebung mithilfe der Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) hat eine immer größere Bedeutung für die Diagnose und das Monitoring der schubförmig-remittierenden Multiplen Sklerose (RRMS) erhalten. Entscheidend sind die Einhaltung von Qualitätsstandards bei der Durchführung der MRT und die Interpretation der MRT-Befunde im Zusammenhang mit den klinischen Befunden.
Bladder Pain Syndome/Interstitial Cystitis due to Pudendal Nerve Compression: Described in 1915—A Reminder for Treating Pelvic Pain a Century Later
Authors: Gohritz Andreas , Dellon Arnold Lee 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Interstitial cystitis (IC) or bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is highly painful and disabling and probably the most misdiagnosed urologic condition. Its classic symptoms of perineal pain, urinary urgency, and frequency despite sterile urine cultures were already described more than a century ago in a report on soldiers during World War (WW) I due to chronic pudendal nerve compression.
Objectives This article translates a report from 1915 on pudendal neuropathy and discusses its author Georg Zülzer (1870–1949).
Methods An English translation of the German original is provided with the biography and work of Zülzer, his clinical observations are discussed regarding modern diagnosis and therapy of pudendal nerve compression.
Results In his article entitled “Irritation of the Pudendal Nerve (Neuralgia). A Frequent Clinical Picture during War Feigning Bladder Catarrh,” Zülzer describes his observation of soldiers during WW I, presenting with a triad of perineal pain, urinary urgency, and frequency despite sterile urine cultures excluding urinary infections. He also documented a characteristic skin hypersensibility of the perineum in a rhomboid shape which corresponds to the innervation area of the pudendal nerve with its two branches deriving from the “pudendal plexus.” He regards this symptomology as rare during peace, but as disease of trench warfare which can be easily diagnosed regarding clear urine and a painful skin island overlying the area of the pudendal nerve as tested by simple needle examination. Zülzer, born in Germany, was forced to emigrate to the United States in 1934, was also an important pioneer of diabetes research using pancreas extracts from dogs as early as 1907.
Conclusion In this historical description, dating from about a century ago, Georg Zülzer probably gave the first exact clinical description of symptoms due to pudendal nerve compression. Pudendal nerve compression should always be taken into account when examining and treating patients with symptoms of IC/BPS.
The Impact of a Stabilization Exercise on Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Binbin , Yuan Hongyan , Geng Deyu , Zhang Liang , Zhang Cheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction The efficacy of a stabilization exercise for the relief of neck pain remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effectiveness of a stabilization exercise on neck pain.
Methods We searched Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO Information Services, and the Cochrane Library databases through May 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the impact of a stabilization exercise on neck pain. This meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model.
Results Six RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the control group of patients with neck pain, a stabilization exercise can significantly reduce pain scores at 4 to 6 weeks (mean difference [MD]: −2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], −4.46 to −0.35; p = 0.02), Neck Disability Index [NDI] at 10 to 12 weeks (MD:− 6.75; 95% CI, −11.71 to −1.79; p = 0.008), and depression scale at 4 to 6 weeks (MD: −4.65; 95% CI, −7.00 to −2.31; p = 0.02), but it has no obvious impact on pain scores at 10 to 12 weeks (MD: −1.07; 95% CI, −3.42 to 1.28; p = 0.37) or at 6 months (MD: −1.02; 95% CI, −3.43 to 1.39; p = 0.41).
Conclusions A stabilization exercise can provide some benefits to control neck pain.
Volar Scaphoid Plating for Nonunion: A Multicenter Case Series Study
Authors: Eng Kevin , Gill Stephen , Hoy Simon , Shridar Vivek , Van Zyl Natasha , Page Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The volar scaphoid plate from Medartis (Medartis AG, Austrasse, Basel, Switzerland) is a variable angle titanium locking plate, preformed for the volar aspect of the scaphoid. It does not have compressive capability, and may act as a bridging device. It may provide an advantage over a compression screw where the pathoanatomy is less favorable to such a device with increased rotational stability. It may act as a buttress plate for correction of humpback deformity for example. It has been used in nonunions and with vascularized grafts.
Questions Our study aims to assess the results of our patients with scaphoid nonunion treated with scaphoid volar plating over a larger number of patients. We aim to identify techniques to increase the success of plating.
Methods Patients from our cohort were retrospectively reviewed. Operations were performed by three hand fellowship trained surgeons and in two centers. Inclusion involved a scaphoid plate procedure for a nonunion of the scaphoid with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up. Exclusions were those who had less than 6 months of follow-up. Data included demographics, patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE), a quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (qDASH), visual analogue score, and range and grip. Radiology was reviewed.
Results Thirty-two eligible patients were assessed. The mean age was 25 years (range 13–46), 2 were female and 15 were smokers. Mean follow-up postsurgery was 18 months. Twenty-nine of 32 patients united (90.6%) on computed tomography scan. Clinical assessment was performed in the 25 patients. The mean qDASH score was 12.5 (range 0–42) and mean PRWE was 11 (range 0–54). The mean arc of motion was 115 degrees. The mean grip strength was 39 kg compared with 41 kg on the nonoperated side.
Conclusion We postulate that the plate acts like an internal bridging device, acting over a small distance, and inherent stability of the construct with structural graft and accurate reduction prior to plating is advantageous. Potential problems include plate impingement on the volar lip of the radius, particularly when trying to plate more proximal fractures. Ideally, it is utilized for mid to distal waist fractures.
Towards the successful completion of a doctoral dissertation
Authors: Bitchener John 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, I discuss a number of approaches that my
students have found helpful as they seek to complete their doctoral
dissertation within a reasonable period of time. Some of the ideas presented
here may need to be modified to meet the established protocols and
procedures of both your university and supervisors/advisors preferences. I
divide the doctoral journey into several key stages, including the
pre-enrolment period, the provisional enrolment period, the confirmation of
candidature period, the submission and viva (oral defense) period. Within
these stages, I describe what I consider to be some important activities and
issues to think about so that you know what is expected and are able to
maintain momentum. Some of the ideas that I present may not be ones that you
consider particularly important and that is to be expected as no two
students’ needs and preferred approaches are the same. However, I would
suggest that you give the ideas some consideration as they have been
effective with the students I have supervised.
Reviewing manuscripts for academic journals
Authors: Sachs Rebecca 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Reviewing manuscripts for academic journals not only
contributes to the advancement of knowledge and the development of fellow
researchers, but also holds numerous advantages for the reviewers
themselves. After a brief explanation of what reviewing is and how it works,
this chapter describes some of the benefits of reviewing; provides guidance
regarding how to write fair, reasonable, meaningful, systematic, specific,
improvement-oriented reviews; raises factors to consider in decision-making;
offers advice for balancing reviewing against other professional priorities
and obligations; and seeks to answer a variety of practical “how-to” and
“what-if” questions that might arise in the process. Approached with a
constructive and strategic mindset, reviewing offers valuable opportunities
for graduate students and new faculty to grow intellectually and
professionally, influence and promote progress in the field, enhance their
reputations, and establish themselves as engaged members of a research
community in ways that will stand them in good stead throughout their
careers.
Crossing over
Authors: Tannen Deborah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Drawing on my own experience, I address some of the
challenges and benefits of writing for both academic and general audiences.
I note, for example, that when I write for general audiences, I can’t say
much of what I know because it would take too long to explain. In my
academic writing, I can’t say much of what I know because I can’t prove it.
Among the challenges are the scorn for and misconceptions about each world
that are held by denizens of the other. Perhaps the most challenging aspect
of moving from academic to trade publishing is not the writing itself but
getting published. To illustrate, I recount the tortuous sagas behind the
publication of my first two general-audience books. I conclude by observing
that understanding the vicissitudes of writing for these two audiences sheds
light on how language works.
CD109 antigen-like gene is induced by ecdysone signaling and involved in the cellular immunity of Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Jiang Di , Du Xuemeng , Wang Cuiyan , Zhang Shisong , Wang Gang 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Cellular immunity is evolutionarily conserved in invertebrates and vertebrates. In insects, cellular immune response is provided by the hemocytes, and its molecular mechanisms are currently not fully understood. Here, we identified a CD109 antigen-like gene (HaCD109) from Helicoverpa armigera which is highly expressed in the hemocytes of larvae. Stimulation by Escherichia coli and chromatography beads significantly upregulated HaCD109 expression. In vivo HaCD109 silencing significantly increased bacterial load in larval hemolymphs and reduced the hemocyte spread. 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) can induce HaCD109 expression through its receptors, EcR and USP. In vivo HaCD109 silencing nearly abolished 20E-induced bacterial clearance and hemocyte spread. These results suggested that HaCD109 plays an important role in cellular immunity, and the 20E-induced cellular immune response in H. armigera requires HaCD109 involvement. Our study contributes to the understanding of regulatory mechanisms for innate immune response and provides new insights into the interaction between innate immunity and steroid hormone signaling.
Development and evaluation of a novel analyser for ISO14687 hydrogen purity analysis
Authors: Arrhenius K , Büker Oliver , Fischer Andreas , Persijn Stefan , Moore Niamh D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Standards ISO14687 and EN17124 set stringent limits for numerous gaseous impurities and particulates that may damage the fuel cell system in a hydrogen vehicle, as it is highly sensitive to the presence of even very low levels of impurities. However, performing the whole set of analyses is both technically challenging and time-consuming for any laboratory and will require a combination of several analytical techniques or instruments. In this study, we discussed the selection of analytical techniques for hydrogen purity testing in order to optimize the CAPEX (capital expenditure) and OPEX (operational expenditure), while ensuring the quality of the results and the compliance of the analytical methods with ISO21087. Among the individual impurities to be analysed in ISO14687, spectroscopy techniques are suitable for ammonia, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, formic acid, oxygen and water. Spectroscopy techniques are even suitable for some impurities belonging to the three total species such as hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen chloride and methane. However, helium and argon, which are monoatomic, do not exhibit response in the infrared region. Therefore, any spectroscopic analysis method must be completed by another method in order to simultaneously analyse all individual gaseous impurities from ISO14687. In this study, we constructed and demonstrated the feasibility of an instrument composed of a gas chromatograph having three columns (two packed columns and a PLOT (Porous Layer Open Tubular) column and two detectors (FID and TCD) coupled in parallel to two OFCEAS instruments using reference gas mixtures. Finally, we also proposed an extended configuration that will allow performing the whole set of analyses for gaseous species from ISO14687.
ARRAW: anti-resonant reflecting acoustic waveguides
Authors: Schmidt M K , O’Brien M C , Steel M J , Poulton C G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Development of acoustic and optoacoustic on-chip technologies calls for new solutions to guiding, storing and interfacing acoustic and optical waves in integrated silicon-on-insulator systems. One of the biggest challenges in this field is to suppress the radiative dissipation of the propagating acoustic waves, while co-localizing the optical and acoustic fields in the same region of an integrated waveguide. Here we address this problem by introducing anti-resonant reflecting acoustic waveguides (ARRAWs)—mechanical analogues of the anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides. We discuss the principles of anti-resonant guidance and establish guidelines for designing efficient ARRAWs. Finally, we demonstrate examples of the simplest silicon/silica ARRAW platforms that can simultaneously serve as near-IR optical waveguides, and support strong backward Brillouin scattering.
Stochastic resetting and applications
Authors: Evans Martin R , Majumdar Satya N , Schehr Grégory 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this topical review we consider stochastic processes under resetting, which have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. We begin with the simple example of a diffusive particle whose position is reset randomly in time with a constant rate r, which corresponds to Poissonian resetting, to some fixed point (e.g. its initial position). This simple system already exhibits the main features of interest induced by resetting: (i) the system reaches a nontrivial nonequilibrium stationary state (ii) the mean time for the particle to reach a target is finite and has a minimum, optimal, value as a function of the resetting rate r. We then generalise to an arbitrary stochastic process (e.g. Lévy flights or fractional Brownian motion) and non-Poissonian resetting (e.g. power-law waiting time distribution for intervals between resetting events). We go on to discuss multiparticle systems as well as extended systems, such as fluctuating interfaces, under resetting. We also consider resetting with memory which implies resetting the process to some randomly selected previous time. Finally we give an overview of recent developments and applications in the field.
Effect of web openings on effective flange width of reinforced concrete T-section
Authors: Sayhood E K , Mohammed N S , Hanon A S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study an evaluation of empirical formula is carried out for effective flange width with and without web openings based on previous experimental results. The results of empirical equation were compared with the codes of practice formulas such as ACI 318M-14, BS8110, AS 3600 and CSA. Also, three researchers’ equations without the effect of web opening are used to compare with the results of the present study. Square and circular web openings with different size and locations are studied. The effect of compressive strength (

f
c
'

), flange reinforcement (ρf
), flexural reinforcement (ρw
), shear reinforcement (ρv
), thickness of flange (hf
) and clear span (ln
) are investigated and included in the suggested formula. Finally, the previous researcher’s equations are modified to include the effect of web openings on effective flange width.
Stress-strain behavior of normal and high strength self-compacting concrete
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Hashim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation on stress-strain behavior of normal and high strength self-compacting concrete with two different maximum aggregate sizes. Eight mixes are adopted for this purpose with nominal compressive strength ranging from 20 to 80 MPa and maximum aggregate size of 10 and 20 mm. Results show that the ascending parts of the stress-strain curves become steeper as the compressive strength increases and maximum aggregate size decreases. Strain at failure increases with the increase in compressive strength and maximum aggregate size. Also, changing maximum aggregate size from 10 to 20 mm, generally, increases compressive strength (up to 13.97% for cylinders and 17.24% for cubes) and modulus of elasticity (up to 19.27%).
Flexural behavior of self-compacting concrete voided slabs under monotonic loads
Authors: Al-shaarbaf Ihsan A. , Amar Abbas Ali , Ahmed Mohammed A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research is devoted to investigate the experimental behavior of normal and moderately high strength self-compacted concrete (SCC) voided slab strips under monotonic loading regimes. Five one-way simply supported slabs were tested including one as a reference slab (solid slab) and the remaining four as voided slabs with three cases of reduction in cross sectional area (6.5%, 13.1% and 14.7%) by creating longitudinal, 3 voids of 50 mm diameter, 6 voids of 50 mm diameter and 3 voids of 75 mm diameter, respectively. The experimental results revealed that for moderate thick reinforced normal SCC one way slab (3 void, dia. =75mm), the ultimate load was reduced by about 20% and the deflection at ultimate load was decreased by about 11% relative to the reference solid slab. While for similar voided slab of moderate high strength SCC, the ultimate load was increased by about 48.3% and the deflection at ultimate load also raised by about 27% with respect to normal strength SCC slab. In addition, the experimental results indicated that for moderate thick reinforced normal SCC one way slab having (3 voids, dia. =50 mm), the ultimate strength was reduced by about 6.7% and the deflection at ultimate load was reduced by 38%, when compared to the solid reference slab. However, for similar slab with (6 void, dia. =50 mm), the reduction in the ultimate strength and deflection at ultimate load were about 9.3% and 42%, respectively.