bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
English version of the food disgust scale: Optimization and other considerations
Authors: Thibodeau Margaret , Yang Qian , Ford Rebecca , Pickering Gary 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe disgust elicited by food plays an important role in food choice and consumption. Recently, Hartmann and Siegrist (Food Quality and Preference, 2018, 63, 38–50) developed and validated in German the food disgust scale (FDS), a 32‐item instrument designed to measure visceral disgust elicited by food. In Study 1, we tested the English language translation of the FDS and its shortened version (FDS‐SHORT) in England (n = 85) and Canada (n = 70). The internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha and mean interitem correlation [MCI]) was acceptable for both the FDS (α = .90, MIC = .22) and the FDS‐SHORT (α = .73, MIC = .25). Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the English and German versions of the FDS had similar underlying structure and good discriminant validity. In Study 2, female participants (n = 159) who completed the FDS where the anchor term disgusted was used had higher FDS‐SHORT scores than either their male counterparts or females for whom the anchor term grossed out was used (F[2, 266] = 11.1, p < .001). As grossed out captures only visceral rather than moral disgust, we recommend its adoption in English versions of these scales. These studies confirm that, as modified, the English FDS and FDS‐SHORT are reliable and can be used with confidence in future research.Practical applicationThis study has further assessed and optimized an English translation of the food disgust scale, which will allow for its use by food researchers and practitioners in English‐speaking countries. The finding that food disgust scores vary with sex and culture provides guidance to producers and marketers of novel food products and flavors.
Limitation of the simplified scoring system for the diagnosis of autoimmune Hepatitis with acute onset
Authors: Muratori Paolo , Granito Alessandro , Lenzi Marco , Muratori Luigi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAutoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease of unknown aetiology characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, hypergammaglobulinaemia with specific IgG increase and interface hepatitis on liver histology. The clinical course of AIH is classically characterized by fluctuating periods of decreased or increased disease activity and therefore its clinical spectrum is variable ranging from no symptoms to severe acute hepatitis and even fulminant hepatic failure. Acute presentation may not differ from acute hepatitis of other causes and diagnosis can be difficult. We describe our experience on diagnostic performance of the two AIH scoring systems in acute onset of AIH and found that revised version of the original criteria (1999) achieves the diagnosis in about 30% of patients who presented with normal IgG serum levels and lower frequency of autoantibody positivity in whom the simplified score did not allow the diagnosis.
Progress towards hepatitis C virus elimination in high‐income countries: An updated analysis
Authors: Gamkrelidze Ivane , Pawlotsky Jean‐Michel , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Feld Jordan J. , Zeuzem Stefan , Bao Yanjun , Gabriela Pires dos Santos Ana , Sanchez Gonzalez Yuri , Razavi Homie 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND & AIMSElimination of HCV by 2030, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is attainable with the availability of highly efficacious therapies. This study reports progress made in the timing of HCV elimination in 45 high‐income countries between 2017 and 2019.METHODSDisease progression models of HCV infection for each country were updated with latest data on chronic HCV prevalence, and annual diagnosis and treatment levels, assumed to remain constant in the future. Modelled outcomes were analysed to determine the year in which each country would meet the WHO 2030 elimination targets.RESULTSOf the 45 countries studied, 11 (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and United Kingdom) are on track to meet WHO's elimination targets by 2030; five (Austria, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, and South Korea) by 2040; and two (Saudi Arabia and Taiwan) by 2050. The remaining 27 countries are not expected to achieve elimination before 2050. Compared to progress in 2017, South Korea is no longer on track to eliminate HCV by 2030, three (Canada, Germany, and Sweden) are now on track, and most countries (30) saw no change.CONCLUSIONSAssuming high‐income countries will maintain current levels of diagnosis and treatment, only 24% are on track to eliminate HCV by 2030, and 60% are off track by at least 20 years. If current levels of diagnosis and treatment continue falling, achieving WHO's 2030 targets will be more challenging. With less than ten years remaining, screening and treatment expansion is crucial to meet WHO's HCV elimination targets.
The effect of tension‐free vaginal tape on coital incontinence concomitant with stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Atılgan Adeviye E. , Eren Elif Ç. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT) on coital incontinence concomitant with stress urinary incontinence.MethodsTVT was performed on sexually active women diagnosed with urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) who also experienced coital incontinence with penetration and/or orgasm. The patient‐reported success rate was assessed by the Patient's Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I) scale. The sexual function of the women was evaluated by the fulfilled Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) before and after the operations.ResultsEighty‐two women underwent the TVT procedure with epidural anesthesia and 80 of them (97%) answered pre‐operative and post‐operative FSFI questionnaires. In the pre‐operative clinical assessment, 48 women (58%) stated they experienced urinary incontinence during penetration, 13 (15%) during orgasm, and 21 (25%) identified it for both. The patient‐reported success rate was 86% (71 of 82 patients) according to the PGI‐I results: 44 of 48 women (91%) during penetration, nine of 13 (69%) during orgasm, and 18 of 21 (85%) for both. The FSFI scores for sexual desire, lubrication, and sexual arousal domains increased in 57 (71%), 49 (61%), and 44 (55%) patients, respectively, whereas they remained unchanged in 23 (28%), 31 (38%), and 36 (45%) patients. For the orgasm, satisfaction, and pain domains, the results were similar. The mean total FSFI score before the operations was 23.63 ± 6.84 and it significantly increased after surgery to 29.47 ± 4.28 (P < .05).ConclusionsThe TVT procedure may offer treatment for coital incontinence accompanying USI. It also provides significant improvement in the sexual lives of women.
Identification of RipAZ1 as an avirulence determinant of Ralstonia solanacearum in Solanum americanum
Authors: Moon Hayoung , Pandey Ankita , Yoon Hayeon , Choi Sera , Jeon Hyelim , Prokchorchik Maxim , Jung Gayoung , Witek Kamil , Valls Marc , McCann Honour C. , Kim Min‐Sung , Jones Jonathan D. G. , Segonzac Cécile , Sohn Kee Hoon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRalstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease in many plant species. Type III‐secreted effectors (T3Es) play crucial roles in bacterial pathogenesis. However, some T3Es are recognized by corresponding disease resistance proteins and activate plant immunity. In this study, we identified the R. solanacearum T3E protein RipAZ1 (Ralstonia injected protein AZ1) as an avirulence determinant in the black nightshade species Solanum americanum. Based on the S. americanum accession‐specific avirulence phenotype of R. solanacearum strain Pe_26, 12 candidate avirulence T3Es were selected for further analysis. Among these candidates, only RipAZ1 induced a cell death response when transiently expressed in a bacterial wilt‐resistant S. americanum accession. Furthermore, loss of ripAZ1 in the avirulent R. solanacearum strain Pe_26 resulted in acquired virulence. Our analysis of the natural sequence and functional variation of RipAZ1 demonstrated that the naturally occurring C‐terminal truncation results in loss of RipAZ1‐triggered cell death. We also show that the 213 amino acid central region of RipAZ1 is sufficient to induce cell death in S. americanum. Finally, we show that RipAZ1 may activate defence in host cell cytoplasm. Taken together, our data indicate that the nucleocytoplasmic T3E RipAZ1 confers R. solanacearum avirulence in S. americanum. Few avirulence genes are known in vascular bacterial phytopathogens and ripAZ1 is the first one in R. solanacearum that is recognized in black nightshades. This work thus opens the way for the identification of disease resistance genes responsible for the specific recognition of RipAZ1, which can be a source of resistance against the devastating bacterial wilt disease.
Social Media Influence on Diplomatic Negotiation: Shifting the Shape of the Table
Authors: Ashbrook Cathryn Clüver , Zalba Alvaro Renedo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSocial media is changing not only the atmosphere in which international negotiations take place; it is also changing the very substance of the deals. Because of the pace and proliferation of social media, negotiators must read “weak signals” early on—and anticipate a quickly organized, highly motivated opposition. However, diplomatic negotiators still lack the tools to engage in this sort of anticipatory strategy design. This article examines two recent cases, one involving the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and the other involving a German Constitutional Court’s ruling on the European Central Bank’s Public Debt Purchasing Program, in which social media had a highly disruptive, unanticipated impact on international negotiations—to the point of forcing negotiators’ hands—and suggests institutional remedies to better anticipate the catalytic impact of advancing technology on diplomatic interactions.
Moral courage in nursing – An integrative literature review
Authors: Pajakoski Elina , Rannikko Sunna , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Numminen Olivia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMoral courage and understanding of its meaning are essential when nurses face ethical conflicts in their practice. This integrative review aimed to explore moral courage in nursing and possible associated individual and organizational factors. A database search in January 2020 identified 1308 scientific articles of which 25 were selected for the review. Inductive analysis with clear steps for defining and synthesizing themes in research reviews revealed three categories concerning moral courage in nursing: definition and descriptions of moral courage, characteristics of the morally courageous nurse, and skills and acts of the morally courageous nurse. Individual and organizational factors, such as positive personal experiences, commitment to ethical principles, supportive work environment and teamwork, were associated with moral courage in nursing, contributing to a more comprehensive description of nurses' moral courage. Findings indicate that in nursing practice, there is a need for promoting multi‐professional collaboration and discussion of ethical dilemmas to provide opportunities to enhance moral courage. Developing care environments in which hierarchy does not inhibit nurses' moral courage seems justified. Further research on moral courage with varying methodologies and multi‐disciplinary and international approaches is needed.
Family support for physical activity post‐myocardial infarction: A qualitative study exploring the perceptions of cardiac rehabilitation practitioners
Authors: Birtwistle Sarah B. , Jones Ian , Murphy Rebecca , Gee Ivan , Watson Paula M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhysical activity post‐myocardial infarction has numerous health benefits, yet uptake through cardiac rehabilitation is poor. Whilst family support can facilitate patients' recovery, little is known about the role family may play in supporting physical activity for post‐myocardial infarction patients. This qualitative study used semistructured interviews with 14 cardiac rehabilitation practitioners to explore their perceptions about the role of the family in supporting post‐myocardial infarction patients' physical activity. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Three familial roles were identified: “family as a second pair of ears,” “family as physical activity regulators,” and “family as social support.” A fourth theme, “factors that influence family support,” described how family health beliefs and perceptions could influence the physical activity support provided. Practitioner perceptions suggest families play an important role in post‐myocardial infarction patients' physical activity, which is enhanced when families personally value physical activity. Integrating the family into cardiac rehabilitation may help facilitate physical activity‐related interactions and promote positive engagement for patients.
Ecthyma gangrenosum: The critical role of biofilms and other mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and implications for management
Authors: Russomanno Kristen , Cardis Michael , Kirkorian Anna Yasmine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEcthyma gangrenosum is a rare cutaneous infection that occurs classically in immunocompromised patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia and is associated with a high mortality rate. Causative pathogens may exhibit various antibiotic evasion mechanisms, and thus, treatment may be challenging. We present a case of ecthyma gangrenosum in association with an implantable port in which cultures confirmed ten unique strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, highlighting the ability of this pathogen to form biofilms, rapidly mutate and ultimately evade antibiotic therapy. Dermatologists play a key role in the prompt diagnosis of this life‐threatening condition, and a thorough understanding of pathogenic mechanisms is critical in selecting an efficacious treatment regimen.
Reference study of IFC software support: The GeoBIM benchmark 2019—Part I
Authors: Noardo Francesca , Krijnen Thomas , Arroyo Ohori Ken , Biljecki Filip , Ellul Claire , Harrie Lars , Eriksson Helen , Polia Lorenzo , Salheb Nebras , Tauscher Helga , van Liempt Jordi , Goerne Hendrik , Hintz Dean , Kaiser Tim , Leoni Cristina , Warchol Artur , Stoter Jantien 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIndustry Foundation Classes (IFC), the buildingSMART open standard for BIM, is underused with respect to its promising potential, since, according to the experience of practitioners and researchers working with BIM, issues in the standard’s implementation and use prevent its effective use. Nevertheless, a systematic investigation of these issues has never been carried out, and there is thus insufficient evidence for tackling the problems. The GeoBIM benchmark project is aimed at finding such evidence by involving external volunteers, reporting on various aspects of the behavior of tools (geometry, semantics, georeferencing, functionalities), analyzed and described in this article. Interestingly, different IFC software programs with the same standardized data sets yield inconsistent results, with few detectable common patterns, and significant issues are found in their support of the standard, probably due to the very high complexity of the standard data model. A companion article (Part II) describes the results of the benchmark related to CityGML, the counterpart of IFC within geoinformation.
Improving trajectory estimation using 3D city models and kinematic point clouds
Authors: Lucks Lukas , Klingbeil Lasse , Plümer Lutz , Dehbi Youness 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccurate and robust positioning of vehicles in urban environments is of high importance for autonomous driving or mobile mapping. In mobile mapping systems, a simultaneous mapping of the environment using laser scanning and an accurate positioning using global navigation satellite systems are targeted. This requirement is often not guaranteed in shadowed cities where global navigation satellite system signals are usually disturbed, weak or even unavailable. We propose a novel approach which incorporates prior knowledge (i.e., a 3D city model of the environment) and improves the trajectory. The recorded point cloud is matched with the semantic city model using a point‐to‐plane iterative closest point method. A pre‐classification step enables an informed sampling of appropriate matching points. Random forest is used as classifier to discriminate between facade and remaining points. Local inconsistencies are tackled by a segmentwise partitioning of the point cloud where an interpolation guarantees a seamless transition between the segments. The general applicability of the method implemented is demonstrated on an inner‐city data set recorded with a mobile mapping system.
Como nasce um museu: Lygia Fagundes Telles e os bastidores do desconhecido Museu da Literatura Brasileira
Authors: Almeida Elizama 
Published: January 2021

O artigo é parte de uma intensa pesquisa na coleção Museu da Literatura Brasileira, idealizado pela escritora Lygia Fagundes Telles na década de 1970, que reuniu número apreciável de documentos literários de diversos autores, mas que não chegou a se concretizar como instituição resultando em uma massa de manuscritos, fotografias e cartas inéditos sob a guarda do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros (IEB) nos últimos 40 anos. Neste artigo, mapeio a construção deste desconhecido Museu a partir do desejo da comunidade dos autores envolvidos. O material reunido por Lygia pode ser lido em duas categorias: a categoria do documento e a categoria do movimento, que se referem, respectivamente, aos itens doados para compor o fundo e aos itens que dão notícias da força do coletivo nos bastidores de sua criação. Por último, proponho um contato do “Museu da Lygia” com o Arquivo-Museu de Literatura Brasileira, na Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa, seu irmão quase gêmeo, criado por Plínio Doyle no mesmo período, para pontuar aproximações e diferenças entre esses dois espaços a partir de uma carta inédita.
Aneurysm Wall Enhancement in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Histopathological Evaluation
Authors: Zhong Weiying , Su Wenjing , Li Tao , Tan Xianjun , Chen Chao , Wang Qian , Wang Donghai , Su Wandong , Wang Yunyan 
Published: January 2021

Background
Unruptured intracerebral aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) on vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging scans may be a promising predictor for rupture‐prone intracerebral aneurysms. However, the pathophysiology of AWE remains unclear. To this end, the association between AWE and histopathological changes was assessed in this study.

Methods and Results

A total of 35 patients with 41 unruptured intracerebral aneurysms who underwent surgical clipping were prospectively enrolled. A total of 27 aneurysms were available for histological evaluation. The macroscopic and microscopic features of unruptured intracerebral aneurysms with and without enhancement were assessed. The microscopic features studied included inflammatory cell invasion and vasa vasorum, which were assessed using immunohistochemical staining with CD68, CD3, CD20, and myeloperoxidase for the former and CD34 for the latter. A total of 21 (51.2%) aneurysms showed AWE (partial AWE, n=7; circumferential AWE, n=14). Atherosclerotic and translucent aneurysms were identified in 17 and 14 aneurysms, respectively. Aneurysm size, irregularity, and atherosclerotic and translucent aneurysms were associated with AWE on univariate analysis (
P
<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that atherosclerosis was the only factor significantly and independently associated with AWE (
P
=0.027). Histological assessment revealed that inflammatory cell infiltration, intraluminal thrombus, and vasa vasorum were significantly associated with AWE (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions
Though AWE on vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging scans may be associated with the presence of atherosclerotic lesions in unruptured intracerebral aneurysms, inflammatory cell infiltration within atherosclerosis, intraluminal thrombus, and vasa vasorum may be the main pathological features associated with AWE. However, the underlying pathological mechanism for AWE still needs to be further studied.
Application of the sigma metrics to evaluate the analytical performance of cystatin C and design a quality control strategy
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhu Wenjun , Bian Guangrong , Liang Wei , Zhao Changxin , Yang Fumeng 
Published: January 2021

Background Sigma metrics are commonly used to evaluate laboratory management. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of cystatin C using sigma metrics and to develop an individualized quality control scheme for cystatin C concentrations. Methods Bias was calculated based on the samples used for the external quality assessment. The coefficient of variation was calculated using six months of internal quality control measurements at two levels, and desirable specification derived from biological variation was used as the quality goal. The sigma value for cystatin C was calculated using the above data. The internal quality control scheme and improvement measures were formulated according to the Westgard sigma standards for batch size and quality goal index. Results The sigma values for cystatin C, for quality control levels 1 and 2, were 3.04 and 4.95, respectively. The 13s/22s/R4s/41s/6x multirules ( n = 6, R = 1), with a batch size of 45 patient samples, were selected as the internal quality control schemes for cystatin C. With different concentrations of cystatin C, the power function graph showed a probability for error detection of 94% and 100% and a probability for false rejection of 4% and 2%, respectively. According to the quality goal index of cystatin C, its precision needs to be improved. Conclusions With a ‘desirable’ biological variation of 6.50%, the Westgard rule 13s/22s/R4s/41s/6x ( n = 6, R = 1, batch size of 45) with high efficacy for determining the detection error is recommended for individualized quality control schemes of cystatin C.
Microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy for testicular pain: a retrospective study on outcomes and predictors of pain relief
Authors: Al-Gadheeb Abdullah , El-Tholoth Hossam S. , Albalawi Abdulaziz , Althobity Abdulmajeed , AlNumi Mussa , Alafraa Tala , Jad Amr 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Approximately 2–10% of patients with varicocele complain of pain. Varicocelectomy for testicular pain is a surgical choice when conservative therapy fails to relieve the pain. Different variables have been reported as prognostic factors for pain relief following varicocele ligation. Moreover, the success rate of varicocelectomy for testicular pain has varied among studies. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the predictors and success rate of microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy performed for the treatment of painful varicocele.

Results
Among the 132 patients, 83.3% reported pain relief. A significant association was identified between varicocelectomy for unilateral testicular pain and pain resolution (P < 0.0001); no other factors were predictors of pain relief.

Conclusions
Microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy for testicular pain is an effective surgical alternative. Varicocelectomy for unilateral testicular pain may predict postoperative pain relief in appropriately selected patients.