bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discriminatory dose determination for DMI fungicides for Clarireedia jacksonii and mycelial growth variation across active ingredients
Authors: Kahiu M. M. , Kaminski J. E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn addition to cultural practices, dollar spot disease management requires frequent application of fungicides. Demethylation inhibitor (DMIs) fungicides are applied repeatedly to manage dollar spot in turfgrass systems. This facilitates reduction in DMI fungicide sensitivity among Clarireedia spp. populations. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify EC50 and relative mycelial growth (RMG) values for Clarireedia spp. across nine commercially available DMI fungicides, (2) determine the discriminatory dose for each of these fungicides, and (3) elucidate differences among isolates exhibiting varying degrees of sensitivity to propiconazole across all commercially available DMI fungicides. Discriminatory doses were determined to be 0.01 for propiconazole and prothioconazole, 0.1 for flutriafol and tebuconazole, and 1.0 µg active ingredient (a.i.) mL−1 potato dextrose agar for triadimefon, mefentrifluconazole, metconazole, triticonazole, and myclobutanil. Mefentrifluconazole completely inhibited mycelial growth of sensitive isolates. There were varying levels of mycelia suppression across highly insensitive isolates (RMG > 80%). Across highly insensitive isolates, prothioconazole provided the least suppression of growth, while mefentrifluconazole and myclobutanil provided the highest suppression of mycelial growth. However, none of the fungicides completely inhibited mycelial growth of the moderately sensitive and highly insensitive isolates. Results suggest variable suppression may exist among commercially available DMIs among sensitive and insensitive isolates of Clarireedia jacksonii.
Relationship of Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations, Diabetes, Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Incident Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Xiang Hao , Zhou Chun , Gan Xiaoqin , Huang Yu , He Panpan , Ye Ziliang , Liu Mengyi , Yang Sisi , Zhang Yanjun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Qin Xianhui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThe association between vitamin D and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains inconclusive. We aimed to explore the association of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) with incident VTE among participants with and without diabetes, and examine the modifying effect of genetic susceptibility of VTE and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms on this association.Materials and MethodsA total of 378,082 participants free of VTE at baseline from the UK Biobank were included. Serum 25OHD concentrations were measured by the chemiluminescent immunoassay method. The primary outcome was incident VTE, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The genetic risks of VTE were estimated using 297 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with VTE. The VDR gene polymorphisms included SNPs of rs7975232, rs1544410, rs2228570 and rs731236.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up duration of 12.5 years, 10,645 VTE cases were recorded. Serum 25OHD had a significantly stronger inverse association with incident VTE in participants with diabetes (per SD increment, adjusted HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81–0.93) than in those without diabetes (per SD increment, adjusted HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95–0.99; p‐interaction = 0.003). Similar trends were found for incident DVT and PE. Among participants with diabetes, the genetic risk of VTE did not significantly modify the association between serum 25OHD and incident VTE (p‐interaction = 0.607). However, a stronger inverse association of serum 25OHD with incident VTE was found in the VDR rs2228570 AA genotype (vs. GG/AG; p‐interaction = 0.031).ConclusionsSerum 25OHD was inversely associated with the risk of VTE, especially among participants with diabetes, regardless of genetic risks of VTE.
Recurrent Heatwaves Slow Down the Recovery of a Phytoplankton Community
Authors: Polazzo Francesco , Hermann Markus , Crettaz‐Minaglia Melina , Rico Andreu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHeatwaves (HWs) are predicted to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change. Yet, there is limited information about how ecological resilience of aquatic communities is going to be impacted by recurrent HWs. Here, we used data from an outdoor freshwater mesocosm experiment where a semi‐natural phytoplankton community was exposed to three subsequent HWs. The data were used to test two different hypotheses regarding community and ecosystem responses to recurrent perturbations: critical slowing down and rescue. Slowing down would determine a reduction in resilience and eventually a community or ecosystem collapse, whereas rescue would increase community or ecosystem resilience and maintain stable community and ecosystem properties. The results of our experiment showed evidence for critical slowing down, but not for community or ecosystem rescue. The recovery capacity of phytoplankton biomass and dissolved oxygen gradually decreased after the first two HWs and sharply declined after the third one. The decline in these community and ecosystem properties were linked to a significant compositional turnover in the phytoplankton community. Although we did not find evidence for a transition into an alternative stable state, our results provide insights into how the overall resilience of a phytoplankton community may decline in the presence of recurrent heatwaves. Thus, we highlight the importance of monitoring the slowing down of recovery of aquatic communities experiencing repeated exposure to severe perturbations.
Seascape Genomics of the Smooth Hammerhead Shark Sphyrna zygaena Reveals Regional Adaptive Clinal Variation
Authors: Grobler D. L. , Klein J. D. , Dicken M. L. , Mmonwa K. , Soekoe M. , van Staden M. , Hagen S. B. , Maduna S. N. , Bester‐van der Merwe A. E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGlobally, hammerhead sharks have experienced severe declines owing to continued overexploitation and anthropogenic change. The smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena remains understudied compared to other members of the family Sphyrnidae. Despite its vulnerable status, a comprehensive understanding of its genetic landscape remains lacking in many regions worldwide. The present study aimed to conduct a fine‐scale genomic assessment of Sphyrna zygaena within the highly dynamic marine environment of South Africa's coastline, using thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (3RAD). A combination of differentiation‐based outlier detection methods and genotype‐environment association (GEA) analysis was employed in Sphyrna zygaena. Subsequent assessments of putatively adaptive loci revealed a distinctive south to east genetic cline. Among these, notable correlations between adaptive variation and sea‐surface dissolved oxygen and salinity were evident. Conversely, analysis of 111,243 neutral SNP markers revealed a lack of regional population differentiation, a finding that remained consistent across various analytical approaches. These results provide evidence for the presence of differential selection pressures within a limited spatial range, despite high gene flow implied by the selectively neutral dataset. This study offers notable insights regarding the potential impacts of genomic variation in response to fluctuating environmental conditions in the circumglobally distributed Sphyrna zygaena.
Quantifying the Detection Sensitivity and Precision of qPCR and ddPCR Mechanisms for eDNA Samples
Authors: Guri Gledis , Ray Jessica Louise , Shelton Andrew Olaf , Kelly Ryan P. , Præbel Kim , Andruszkiewicz Allan Elizabeth , Yoccoz Nigel , Johansen Torild , Wangensteen Owen S. , Hanebrekke Tanja , Westgaard Jon‐Ivar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) detection employing quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) offers a non‐invasive and efficient approach for monitoring aquatic organisms. Accurate and sensitive quantification of eDNA is crucial for tracking rare and invasive species and understanding the biodiversity abundance and distribution of aquatic organisms. This study compares the sensitivity and quantification precision of qPCR and ddPCR for eDNA surveys through Bayesian inference using latent parameters from both known concentration (standards) and environmental samples across three teleost fish species assays. The results show that ddPCR offers higher sensitivity and quantification precision, particularly at low DNA concentrations (< 1 copy/μL reaction), than qPCR. These findings highlight the superior performance of ddPCR for eDNA detection at low concentrations, guiding researchers towards more reliable methods for effective species monitoring. Additionally, this study indicates that a two‐step (detection and concentration) model increased the precision of qPCR results, useful for enhancing the robustness of eDNA quantification. Furthermore, we investigated the lower limit of quantification for ddPCR, providing insights on how such limit can be extended, which could also be applied to qPCR.
Progression and prognostic significance of electrocardiographic findings in patients with cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Argirò Alessia , Zampieri Mattia , Mazzoni Carlotta , Fumagalli Carlo , Baccini Michela , Mattei Alessandra , Cipriani Alberto , De Michieli Laura , Porcari Aldostefano , Sinagra Gianfranco , Merlo Marco , Tini Giacomo , Musumeci Beatrice , Russo Domitilla , Vianello Pier Filippo , Canepa Marco , Licordari Roberto , di Bella Gianluca , Rapezzi Claudio , Perfetto Federico , Cappelli Francesco 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the change of the main electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics and their prognostic role across the main subtypes of cardiac amyloidosis [light‐chain amyloidosis (AL) and hereditary (ATTRv) and wild‐type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt)].Methods and resultsThis multicentre, retrospective study was performed in six referral centres for cardiac amyloidosis. Clinical and ECG data were collected at the first and last evaluations. Three hundred fifty‐six patients were included (AL, n = 105; ATTRv, n = 50; ATTRwt, n = 201). The median age was 76 (67–81) years, and 271 (74%) were men. At baseline, patients with ATTRwt showed a higher prevalence of conduction abnormalities compared with those with AL [first‐degree atrioventricular block, n = 51 (40%) vs. n = 13 (34%), P < 0.01; left bundle branch block, n = 23 (11%) vs. n = 2 (2%), P < 0.01], and patients with AL more often had low QRS voltage [n = 58 (55%); in ATTRv, n = 17 (34%); in ATTRwt, n = 67 (33%), P value < 0.01] and T wave inversion compared with those with ATTR [n = 39 (37%); in ATTRv, n = 9 (18%); in ATTRwt, n = 37 (18%)]. After a median follow‐up of 15 (8–26) months, the adjusted differences in mean PR, QRS interval, total, peripheral, and precordial QRS scores were similar across subtypes of amyloidosis (P value for linear regression > 0.05). The adjusted odds ratios for the development of right bundle branch block were higher in AL compared with ATTRwt [odds ratio 4.7 (95% confidence interval 1.5–15), P < 0.05]. QRS duration at baseline remained independently associated with patient survival in the overall population even after adjustment for relevant clinical variables [hazard ratio 1.78 (95% confidence interval 1.13–2.8), P < 0.01].ConclusionsThe progression of the ECG abnormalities seems similar across amyloidosis subtypes. QRS duration could be a marker of more advanced disease.
MRI findings in patients with psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures: Prevalence, distribution, and classification of the findings. A single tertiary epilepsy center experience
Authors: Jareno‐Badenas Aleix , Matute‐González Mario , Pintor Luis , Conde‐Blanco Estefanía , Carreño Mar , Setoain Xavier , Pineda Camilo , Choque‐Chávez Fernando Diego , Fernández Tomás , Bargalló Núria , González‐Ortiz Sofía 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivePsychogenic non‐epileptic seizures (PNES) mimic epileptic seizures without electroencephalographic correlation. Although classified as psychiatric disorders, their neurobiological or structural basis remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of MRI abnormalities in patients with PNES and those with comorbid epilepsy, compared to the general population, to enhance radiological evaluation and management.MethodWe retrospectively identified patients with a definitive diagnosis of PNES, evaluated in the refractory epilepsy unit of our tertiary epilepsy center. Patients were classified into two groups according to their comorbidity with epilepsy (PNES and PNES+). The MRI findings were evaluated and classified by two radiologists, who reported the category of the findings, laterality, and location. The two groups were compared using the chi‐square test, as well as the frequencies of findings in the general population extracted from the literature.ResultsForty‐six patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thirty females and 16 males. MRI findings were present in 25/35 (71.4%) patients in the PNES group and 9/11 (81.8%) In the PNES + group, showing statistically significant differences in the frequency of findings with the general population (8.4–28.1%).SignificanceMRI anomalies are common in PNES patients and even more prevalent in complex cases referred to epilepsy units, underscoring the necessity of correlating MRI findings with clinical‐electrical patterns.Plain Language SummaryIn this article, we observed a higher frequency of cerebral magnetic resonance findings in patients with psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures than in the general population. We also observed a higher frequency of this pathology among women, as well as right cerebral hemisphere affections. The exposed findings suggest a potential structural basis of this pathology. This hypothesis requires confirmation with larger studies.
From British Associationism to the Hippocampal Cognitive Map: A Personal View From a Ringside Seat at the Cognitive/PDP Revolution
Authors: Sharp Patricia E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe mandate for this special issue of Hippocampus was to provide a few examples of one's own work in a relatively personal context. Accordingly, I will discuss some of my own work here, but will also provide a broader arc of ideas and discoveries within which the efforts of myself and many others have taken place. This history begins with the associationists, who proposed that the human mind could be understood, in part, as a compounding of simple associations between contiguously occurring items and events. This idea was taken up by the behaviorist traditions, which made significant progress toward refining this simple idea. Subsequently, as interest turned toward neural mechanisms, Donald Hebb provided a foundational proposal for how synaptic changes could provide for this associative learning. The associationist view was, however, challenged by gestaltists who took a more wholistic, cognitive approach. Stunning support was provided for Tolman's cognitive map idea with the discovery of place cells in the hippocampus, and the subsequent treatise provided in O'Keefe and Nadel's The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map. I propose that, ultimately, this associationist versus cognitive debate was settled by the development of the Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) approach, which incorporated Hebbian synapses into large, neural‐like networks, which could accomplish complex cognitive tasks. My own work took place within the framework provided by O'Keefe and Nadel. One aspect of my work followed Jim Ranck's discovery of Head Direction cells. Tad Blair and others in my lab traced a brainstem circuit, which we proposed could explain the origins of the directional code. In other work, I investigated cells in the subicular region. These provided a contrast to the hippocampal place cells in that each subicular cell kept the same spatial pattern across different environments, whereas the hippocampal cells formed a different map for each context.
Forgiveness in Poland: Rye Forgiveness Scale Adaptation and Its Longitudinal Impact on Mental Health in HIV‐Positive Individuals
Authors: Skalski‐Bednarz Sebastian Binyamin , Toussaint Loren L. , Dobrakowski Paweł 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWithin psychological research, the concept of forgiveness has gained recognition for its potential impact on health, underlining the need for culturally adapted assessment tools and longitudinal studies to substantiate its effects. In this two‐phase research project, we initially adapted the Rye Forgiveness Scale (RFS) to measure state forgiveness in the Polish context with 740 participants. Reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the RFS's structure and internal consistency (absence of negative α = 0.87, presence of positive α = 0.86, full scale α = 0.84). Positive associations with other measures of forgiveness, religiosity, connection to nature, and mental well‐being validated the scale's efficacy. The second phase evaluated the impact of state forgiveness on the mental health of 214 HIV‐positive Polish individuals across three 6‐month intervals. Utilizing the stress‐and‐coping model, this phase investigated forgiveness as a protective factor against negative mental health outcomes. The findings indicated that forgiveness could positively influence mental health, underscoring its importance in promoting well‐being among vulnerable groups. This research provides a culturally validated tool for measuring forgiveness and illuminates its health benefits, emphasizing its significance for diverse populations.
Cultivating participatory processes in self‐harm app development: A case‐study and working methodology
Authors: Babbage Camilla M. , Lockwood Joanna , Roberts Lily , Mendes Josimar , Greenhalgh Chris , Willingham Lucy‐Paige , Wokomah Emmanuel , Woodcock Rebecca , Slovak Petr , Townsend Ellen ,   the Digital Youth research team
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐harm and suicide related behaviours are increasing in young people, and clinical support is not adequately meeting needs. Improved approaches to assessment and the clinical management of self‐harm will result from codesign processes and include greater shared decision‐making between young people and practitioners. The CaTS‐App (an adapted digital version of the existing Card‐Sort Task for Self‐harm research tool) aims to facilitate a collaborative understanding of adolescent self‐harm and support decision‐making within clinical settings. The codevelopment of a digital, clinical tool which meets the needs of multiple stakeholders requires careful consideration.MethodsWe present a case‐study describing the participatory aspects of the development of the CaTS‐App, which included comprehensive patient involvement, research activities and coproduction with diverse young people aged 17–24 with lived experience of self‐harm. We share our processes and activities to deliver safe, engaging, sustainable, ethical and responsible participatory practice and co‐created knowledge, in the codevelopment of the CaTS‐App.ResultsActivities spanned a 48‐month period in both face‐to‐face and online settings. Example processes and activities are provided in narrative, tabular and diagrammatic form, alongside discussion of the rationale for choices made. A summary methodology is also shared to stimulate continued discussion and development of participatory approaches in digital mental health.ConclusionsThe paper contributes important insight and practical detail for the delivery of genuine participatory processes in digital mental health development when working with a population who may be considered vulnerable.
Assessing Annual and Monthly Precipitation Anomalies in Ecuador Bioregions Using WorldClim CMIP6 GCM Ensemble Projections and Dynamic Time Warping
Authors: Santos Fabián , Jara José , Acosta Nicole , Galeas Raúl , de Bièvre Bert 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) provides a suite of general circulation models (GCMs) and Socioeconomic Shared Pathways (SSPs) primarily for continental‐scale climate assessments. However, adapting these models for sub‐national assessments, particularly in countries with varied geography like Ecuador, and for complex variables such as precipitation, introduces challenges, including uncertainties in selecting appropriate GCMs and SSPs. To address these issues, we adopt a biogeographical approach that integrates regional climatic variations. Our analysis explores 26 GCMs, four SSP scenarios and four 20‐year time frames from WorldClim to evaluate discrepancies between the GCM precipitation projections, historical data and national climate projections across five Ecuadorian bioregions. This approach enabled us to sort the GCMs by annual precipitation medians, classify their monthly precipitation using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) clustering, and develop ensembles highlighting both the largest and average precipitation anomalies within and beyond the bioregions. Among the 26 models examined, 16 projected an increase in annual precipitation in Ecuador, especially during the wet seasons, with the BCC‐CSM2‐MR model showing peak values, notably in the Choco region and eastern Amazon basin. Conversely, 10 models, with CMCC‐ESM2 showing the largest decreases, projected reduced precipitation across almost all Ecuadorian territories, except the Choco region. The largest reductions were in the Amazon basin, raising concerns about reduced precipitation. Discrepancies, primarily in the Andes and Galapagos bioregions, reveal the challenges posed by their complex topography and insular environments. While the GCMs captured spatial patterns of ENSO, our research was constrained to 20‐year averages, making direct comparison with historical records infeasible, highlighting the need for further research with shorter time frames and finer spatial resolutions. The variability in precipitation was linked to geographical factors, GCM configurations and unexpected SSP outcomes. Therefore, selecting GCMs and climatic indices tailored to specific bioregions is recommended for effective climate change impact assessments.