bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic analysis of bioactive compounds in mature rhizomes and daughter rhizomes in ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Authors: Li Zhexin , Chen Ze-Xiong , Tang Jian-Min , Jiang Yu-Song , Liao Qin-Hong , Liu Yi-Qing , Liu Guo-Hua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The bioactive compounds of ginger (Zingiber officinale), such as gingerols, diarylheptanoids, and flavonoids, are of importance to human health because of their anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The daughter rhizomes arise from mature rhizomes, but the pungency and pharmacological quality of the two rhizome types differ substantially. Results In this study, a metabolomic analysis was performed to investigate the biosynthesis of major bioactive compounds in the mature rhizome (R) and daughter rhizome (DR) in ginger. A total of 1212 differentially accumulated metabolites with p < 0.05 and |fold change| ≥ 1 were identified, of which 399 metabolites were more highly accumulated in R samples than in DR samples, whereas 211 metabolites were most highly accumulated in DR samples. Metabolic pathways associated with the bioactive compounds that determine the pharmacological activity of ginger, including the “terpenoid backbone biosynthesis”, “stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis”, and "flavonoid biosynthesis" pathways, were enriched in R samples, which indicated that bioactive compounds mainly accumulated in mature rhizomes of ginger. Conclusion Differences in the key bioactive chemical constituents between the rhizome and daughter rhizome were analyzed. These results provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive development and utilization of ginger resources.
Management and Prognostic Prediction of appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma with peritoneal metastasis: a single center study in China
Authors: Ma Ruiqing , Wang Bing , Zhai Xichao , Lu Yiyan , Xu Hongbin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma with peritoneal metastasis and analyze the prognostic factors.Methods A retrospective analyses of clinicopathological features of 50 patients with appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma with peritoneal metastasis from January, 2013 to December, 2017 in Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, China. Survival data calculation and comparison were respectively performed with the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards regression method was used for multivariate survival analyses.Results Cytoreduction for appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma was conducted on 50 patients (24 males and 26 females), with a median age of 52.5 years at the time of surgery (range 31-71 years). The median overall survival (OS) time was 24 months, with 2-,3- and 5-year survival rates of 53%, 24% and 8%, respectively. At the last follow-up in December 2018, 13 patients were still alive. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients who had low Ki-67 expression (less than 50%) and CCR (completeness of cytoreduction) 0/1/2 score had significantly better OS rate than their respective counterparts.Conclusions Ki-67 expression statue and CCR score could be employed as the prognosis prediction in patients with appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Development and Validation of a Preoperative Nomogram for Predicting Survival of Patients with Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer after Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Zhou Xianghong , Ning Qingyang , Jin Kun , Zhang Tao , Ma Xuelei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: For selected locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients, radical prostatectomy (RP) is one of the first-line treatments. We aimed to develop a preoperative nomogram to identify what kinds of patients can get the most survival benefits after RP. Methods: We conducted analyses with data from the the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to reveal prognostic factors. A nomogram was built by these factors and validated by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves. Risk stratification was established based on the nomogram. Results: We studied 14185 patients. N stage, Gleason Score, and percent of positive cores were the independent prognostic factors used to construct the nomogram. For validating, in the training cohort, the C-index was 0.779 (95% CI 0.736–0.822), and in the validation cohort, the C-index was 0.773 (95% CI 0.718–0.808). Calibration curves showed that the predicted survival and actual survival were very close. The nomogram performed better over the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system (C-index 0.779 versus 0.763 for training cohort, and 0.773 versus 0.745 for validation cohort). The new stratification of risk groups based on the nomogram also showed better discrimination than the AJCC staging system. Conclusions: The preoperative nomogram can provide favorable prognosis stratification ability to help clinicians identify patients who are suitable for surgery.
Up-regulation of PKCγ subunits of rACC neurons contributes to the development of pain sensitivity in bone cancer rats
Authors: She Meng , Feng Zequn , Wang Gongming , Cheng Guanghui , Li Kailin , Wang Ruoyi , Feng Hao , Li Xiaohui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: To explore the role of PKCγ subunits in rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) neurons in bone cancer pain (BCP) development in rats. Methods: Healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: the blank control (naive), sham operation (sham), BCP, BCP plus empty lentiviral vectors (vehicle) and BCP plus PKCγ/shRNA recombinant lentiviral vectors (LV-PKCγ/shRNA) (PKCγ) groups. The BCP, vehicle and PKCγ groups were intra-tibially injected with an MADB-106 rat mammary carcinoma cell suspension (10 μl, 4.6×106 cells/ml), whereas the sham group was intra-tibially injected with saline (10 μl). The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were evaluated on preoperative day 0 (baseline) and days 3, 7, 14 and 21 after intra-tibial implantation. To downregulate PKCγ subunits in rACC neurons, the PKCγ group received a 10 µl bilateral rACC microinjection of shRNA/PKCγ recombinant lentivirus (1.25×109 TU/ml) on day 10 after intra-tibial implantation. The GFP expression of LV-shRNA/PKCγ was examined by microscopy. The vehicle group was injected with an equal dose of empty lentiviral vectors. Western blot, and immunohistochemical approaches were performed to assess the differential expression of PKCγ subunits in rACC neurons among these groups on postoperative days 7 or 21. Results: The baseline MWT and TWL values did not significantly differ among these five groups (P > 0.05). However, compared with the naive and sham groups, the tumour-bearing rats (BCP , vehicle and PKCγ groups) demonstrated marked mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia starting on postoperative day 7 following intra-tibial implantation of carcinoma cells (P < 0.05). Western blot on postoperative day 7 confirmed a significant increase in PKCγ expression in rACC neurons in the tumour-bearing rats (P < 0.05). However, from postoperative days 14-21, the LV-shRNA/PKCγ microinjection alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in the PKCγ group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, western blot, and histological examination on postoperative day 21 indicated that PKCγ expression in bilateral rACC neurons was significantly lower in the PKCγ group than in the BCP and vehicle groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Upregulation of PKCγ subunits in rACC neurons of rats with bone cancer contributes to BCP development.
The OMACS-PIL study - a randomised controlled trial within the OMACS observational study
Authors: Culliford Lucy , Brierley Rachel , Clout Maddie , Evans Rebecca , Maishman Rachel , Phillips Dawn , Tabusa Hana , Reeves Barney , Rogers Chris A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: There has been little research to investigate whether the appearance of paper Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) used to describe research studies to potential participants influences their decision to take part. Embedding a Study Within a Trial (SWAT) is an efficient way of answering this type of methodological question. We included a randomised SWAT within a large cohort study, Outcome monitoring After Cardiac Surgery (OMACS), to address this question.
Methods: Potential participants for the OMACS study were randomised to receive one of three PILs, identical in content but with varying formatting and use of colour: PIL A (enhanced format), PIL B (hybrid format) and PIL C (standard format). Consent to OMACS was the primary outcome. Consent rates using the three different PIL formats were collected and compared. Qualitative feedback on the different formats was obtained from a Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) group.
Results: For the SWAT, 1517 PILs were sent to potential participants and 640 (42%) consented to take part in OMACS. PIL B had the highest recruitment rate, with 45% of patients consenting to participation; 40% and 41% of patients consented to participation with PIL A and C respectively. Compared to PIL C, the consent rate was 4% higher with PIL B (45% versus 41%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -2% to +10%, p=0.16) and 1% lower with PIL A (40% versus 41%, 95% CI -7% to +5%, p=0.72).
Conclusions: Consent rates were similar for all 3 PIL formats. PIL B is being used for the remainder of the host study and will be used to inform the design of PILs for other research studies as it was the preferred format of the PPI group.
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF PARTICLES IN CHINESE AND INDONESIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Xiao Qin , Widodo Pratomo 
Published: November 2019

In Chinese and Indonesian, particles are often used and occupying an important place specifically in daily conversation. The study distinguishes ways of using particles in order to propose suggestions that can be useful for Chinese learners in Indonesia. In this article, the author describe the four pairs of particles to compare the similarities and differences in terms of syntax, semantics, pragmatics and analyzing the types and reasons in particle’s using error for Indonesian learners based on corpus HSK. Where the data sources are the examples of a sentence containing particles, the technique of data collection is the technique of reading and taking notes, and the instrument is a human instrument. The authors found that the four pairs of particles have similarities and differences in syntax, semantics and pragmatics: all of them can be used at the end and middle of the sentence, but not all can be used with other particles; all the pairs can translate to one another and can also be translated into other particles or adverbs, but there are some particles sometimes don’t need to be translated; in different contexts, the four pairs of modal particles have different pragmatic functions. Keywords: particle, Chinese, Indonesian, contrastive analysis
Exploring Mental Health Professionals’ Perspectives of Text-Based Online Counseling Effectiveness With Young People: Mixed Methods Pilot Study
Authors: Navarro Pablo , Sheffield Jeanie , Edirippulige Sisira , Bambling Matthew 
Published: November 2019

Background
Population-based studies show that the risk of mental ill health is highest among young people aged 10 to 24 years, who are also the least likely to seek professional treatment because of a number of barriers. Electronic mental (e-mental) health services have been advocated as a method for decreasing these barriers for young people, among which text-based online counseling (TBOC) is a primary intervention used at many youth-oriented services. Although TBOC has shown promising results, its outcome variance is greater in comparison with other electronic interventions and adult user groups.

Objective
This pilot study aimed to explore and confirm e-mental health professional’s perspectives about various domains and themes related to young service users’ (YSUs) motivations for accessing TBOC services and factors related to higher and lower effectiveness on these modalities.

Methods
Participants were 9 e-mental health professionals who were interviewed individually and in focus groups using a semistructured interview. Thematic analysis of qualitative themes from interview transcripts was examined across the areas of YSU motivations for access and factors that increase and decrease TBOC effectiveness.

Results
A total of 4 domains and various subthemes were confirmed and identified to be related to YSUs’ characteristics, motivations for accessing TBOC, and moderators of service effectiveness: user characteristics (ie, prior negative help-seeking experience, mental health syndrome, limited social support, and perceived social difficulties), selection factors (ie, safety, avoidance motivation, accessibility, and expectation), and factors perceived to increase effectiveness (ie, general therapeutic benefits, positive service-modality factors, and persisting with counseling despite substantial benefit) and decrease effectiveness (ie, negative service-modality factors).

Conclusions
Participants perceived YSUs to have polarized expectations of TBOC effectiveness and be motivated by service accessibility and safety, in response to several help-seeking concerns. Factors increasing TBOC effectiveness were using text-based communication, the online counselor’s interpersonal skills and use of self-management and crisis-support strategies, and working with less complex presenting problems or facilitating access to more intensive support. Factors decreasing TBOC effectiveness were working with more complex problems owing to challenges with assessment, the slow pace of text communication, lack of nonverbal conversational cues, and environmental and connectivity issues. Other factors were using ineffective techniques (eg, poor goal setting, focusing, and postcounseling direction) that produced only short-term outcomes, poor timeliness in responding to service requests, rupture in rapport from managing service boundaries, and low YSU readiness and motivation.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES REGARDING VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING IMAM HUSSEIN MEDICAL CITY IN KARBALA 2018
Authors: AL-GHRAIBAWI SARAH JAFAR , AL-GHABBAN SAAD IBRAHIM , AL-ZUBAIDY RIYADH DHEYHOOD 
Published: November 2019

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. It is significantly associated with skeletal and non-skeletal problems. Prevention can be maintained mainly by effective sun exposure or supplementation and to lesser extent by dietary intake. To determine the magnitude of knowledge and practice of women towards vitamin D deficiency.
Methods: A cross-sectional study, purposive sample of 442 women were approached who attended consultants’ clinics of Imam Hussein Medical City in Karbala. Data collection done between March 2 and June 30, 2018 through direct interviews using a special questionnaire prepared for the purpose of the study.
Results: Less than half (45.2%) of the women had heard about vitamin D; their source of information was from relatives and friends then from health care provider. The mean score for the participants’ knowledge about VDD was 4.25 out of 9.0 (47%). It has a significant association with higher educational levels and urban residence. There is no significant difference regarding age, marital status or occupation. The mean score for the participants’ practice about vitamin D deficiency was 2.53 out of 5 (50.71%). There is no influence of practice score by socio-demographic factors.
Conclusion: Overall knowledge towards vitamin D deficiency was suboptimal. Improving practices towards VD is directly related to increase knowledge about it that indicates the need to increase public awareness about the problem, encourage appropriate way of sun exposure, consumption of vitamin D rich food and taking supplementation when sun exposure is difficult.
PHARMACEAUTICAL CARE IMPROVED THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENT WITH HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: LUBIS ASYRUN ALKHAIRI , NASUTION AZIZAH , ROSIDAH  
Published: November 2019

Objective: Patients undergoing hemodialysis in the long term often experience complications that affect the quality of life (QOL) of the patients. Comprehensive health services are very important for improving the QOL of the patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. The purpose of this study was to prove that the provision of therapy with pharmaceutical care can improve the QOL of hemodialysis patients.
Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study pre and post test design. Samples were recruited applying the purposive sampling method. As many as 50 patients met the inclusion criteria and were asked to fill out the World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire to measure their QOLs before and after the provisions of pharmaceutical care. Data obtained before and after pharmaceutical care were tested using paired t test, person correlation test, and Wilcoxon test in the program of SPSS 19.
Results: The results showed women more often experience complications when hemodialysis (62%), sex with quality of life (p = 0.907), education with quality of life (p = 0.277), work with quality of life (p = 0.582) length of undergoing hemodialysis with quality life (p = 0.733) no significant effect. Age (p = 0.044) significantly influences quality of life. And the average quality of life before administration of pharmacy and care was 48.12±5.98, while the quality of life after administration of therapy with pharmaceutical care was 50.16±6.22. Based on the Wilcoxon test, this value was significantly different (p = 0.009).
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is the provision of therapy accompanied by pharmaceutical care significantly improves the quality of life of hemodialysis patients.
FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF EFAVIRENZ TABLETS BY PAPER TECHNIQUE USING CO-SOLVENCY METHOD
Authors: SUBRAHMANYESWARI CH. DHANA , PRASANTH Y. , RUBEEN SAMEEDA 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The present study is to formulate and development of efavirenz tablets by paper technique using the co-solvency method, the drug is antiviral drug used for the treatment of HIV.
Methods: In this 7 formulation (F1-F7) were prepared by using different tissue papers like kitchen roll paper, hand kercheif paper, facial tissue paper, with different weights. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, content uniformity, disintegration time and in vitro dissolution study.
Results: Among all the formulations, F2 (kicthen roll paper with weight 250 mg) was consired to be the best formulation, which release up to 98.02% drug in 3 h. The results of stability studies of formulation F2 after a period of 2 mo indicated that the formulation was stable.
Conclusion: It was concluted that a paper tablet of efavirenz shows better results and it does not contain any excipient and increase the dissolution rate.
Оценка взвешенных сумм Клоостермана с помощью аддитивного сдвига
Authors: Королёв Максим Александрович 
Published: November 2019

Аддитивный сдвиг -- один из часто используемых приёмов оценки тригонометрических сумм и сумм значений характеров. Он состоит в замене переменной суммирования $n$ выражением вида $n+x$ с последующим суммированием по искусственно введённой переменной $x$. Превращение исходной однократной суммы в кратную открывает дополнительные возможности, позволяющие получить её нетривиальную оценку. Этот приём широко использовался в работах Й.~Г. ван дер Корпута, И.~М.~Виноградова, Д.~А.~Бёрджесса,А.~А.~Карацубы и многих других исследователей. Он оказался весьма полезным рабочим инструментом и при работе с суммами значений характеров в конечных полях, а также с кратными тригонометрическими суммами.Э.~Фуври и П.~Мишель (1998), Ж.~Бургейн (2005) стали успешно применять этот приём к оценкам сумм Клоостермана по простому модулю.Э.~Фуври и П.~Мишель сочетали аддитивный сдвиг с глубокими результатами, которые получаются средствами алгебраической геометрии.Метод Ж.~Бургейна полностью элементарен. Так, его использование позволило автору дать полностью элементарный вывод оценки суммы Клоостермана с простыми числами по простому модулю $q$ в случае, когда длина $N$ такой суммы превосходит $q^{\,1/2+\varepsilon}$.В настоящей статье даются новые примеры применения аддитивного сдвига к взвешенным суммам Клоостермана вида\[\sum\limits_{n\le N}f(n)\exp{\biggl(\frac{2\pi ia}{q}\,(n+b)^{*}\biggr)},\quad (ab,q)=1,\quad mm^{*}\equiv 1\;(\mmod q),\]где $q$ - простое число, а весовая функция $f(n)$ берётся равной числу $\tau(n)$ делителей $n$ или же количеству$r(n)$ представлений $n$ суммою двух квадратов целых чисел. Полученные оценки нетривиальны уже при $N\ge q^{\,2/3+\varepsilon}$.Следствием таких оценок являются новые результаты о распределении дробных долей вида\[\biggl\{\frac{a}{q}\,(uv+b)^{*}\biggr\},\quad \biggl\{\frac{a}{q}\,(u^{2}+v^{2}+b)^{*}\biggr\},\]в случае, когда целочисленные переменные $u$, $v$ меняются в гиперболической ($uv\le N$) и круговой ($u^{2}+v^{2}\le N$)областях, соответственно.
Обобщение задачи А. И. Мальцева о коммутативных подалгебрах на алгебры Шевалле
Authors: Левчук Владимир Михайлович , Сулейманова Галина Сафиуллановна 
Published: November 2019

В 1945 году А.И. Мальцев исследовал задачу описания абелевыхподгрупп наивысшей размерности в комплексных простых группах Ли.Задача инспирирована доказанной ранее И. Шуром теоремой: \ {\itНаивысшая размерность абелевых подгрупп группы $SL(n,\mathbb{C})$равна $[n^2/4]$ и абелевы подгруппы этой размерности при $n>3$переводятся автоморфизмами друг в друга.} Свою задачу А.И. Мальцеврешил переходом к комплексным алгебрам Ли. В теории Картана --Киллинга полупростые комплексные алгебры Ли классифицированы сиспользованием классификации систем корней евклидовых пространств$V$. С любой неразложимой системой корней $\Phi$ и полем $K$ассоциируют алгебру Шевалле ${\cal L}_\Phi(K)$; ее базу дают базаопределенной абелевой самонормализуемой подалгебры $H$ и элементы$e_r$ $(r\in \Phi)$ с $H$-инвариантным подпространством $Ke_r$.Элементы $e_r$ $(r\in\Phi^+)$ образуют базу нильтреугольнойподалгебры $N\Phi(K)$. Методы А.~И.~Мальцева позднее получилиразвитие в решении проблемы о больших абелевых подгруппах конечныхгрупп Шевалле. В настоящей статье мы используем разработанныеметоды для перенесения теоремы А.И. Мальцева на алгебры Шевалле.Мы исследуем следующие задачи:{\bf (A)} \ {\it Описать коммутативные подалгебры наивысшейразмерности в алгебре Шевалле ${\cal L}_\Phi(K)$ над произвольнымполем $K$.}{\bf (B) }\ {\it Описать коммутативные подалгебры наивысшейразмерности в подалгебре $N\Phi(K)$ алгебры Шевалле ${\calL}_\Phi(K)$ над произвольным полем $K$.}В статье приводится описание коммутативных подалгебр наивысшейразмерности алгебры $N\Phi(K)$ классического типа над произвольнымполем $K$ с точностью до автоморфизмов алгебры ${\cal L}_\Phi(K)$и подалгебры $N\Phi(K)$.