bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appropriateness of emergency care use: a retrospective observational study based on professional versus patients’ perspectives in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chih-Yuan , Lee Yue-Chune 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study are to refine the measurement of appropriate emergency department (ED) use and to provide a natural observation of appropriate ED use rates based on professional versus patient perspectives.SettingTaiwan has a population of 23 million, with one single-payer universal health insurance scheme. Taiwan has no limitations on ED use, and a low barrier to ED use may be a surrogate for natural observation of users’ perspectives in ED use.ParticipantsIn 7 years, there were 1 835 860 ED visits from one million random samples of the National Health Insurance Database.MeasuresAppropriate ED use was determined according to professional standards, measured by the modified Billings New York University Emergency Department (NYU-ED) algorithm, and further analysed after the addition of prudent patient standards, measured by explicit process-based and outcome-based criteria.Statistical analysesThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to reflect the performance of appropriate ED use measures, and sensitivity analyses were conducted using different thresholds to determine the appropriateness of ED use. The generalised estimating equation model was used to measure the associations between appropriate ED use based on process and outcome criteria and covariates including sex, age, occupation, health status, place of residence, medical resources area, date and income level.ResultsAppropriate ED use based on professional criteria was 33.5%, which increased to 63.1% when patient criteria were added. The AUC, which combines both professional and patient criteria, was high (0.85).ConclusionsThe appropriate ED use rate nearly doubled when patient criteria were added to professional criteria. Explicit process-based and outcome-based criteria may be used as a supplementary measure to the implicit modified Billings NYU-ED algorithm when determining appropriate ED use.
Are monitoring instructions provided in direct healthcare professional communications (DHPCs) of sufficient quality? A retrospective analysis of DHPCs sent out between 2007 and 2018
Authors: Højer Maja-Marie Grønfeldt , De Bruin Marie Louise , Boskovic Arnela , Hallgreen Christine Erikstrup 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo assess whether direct to healthcare professional communications (DHPCs) are of sufficient quality to be applicable in clinical practice and study how the quality differs according to safety concerns and type of monitoring.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingDHPCs containing monitoring instructions were identified among all DHPC issued in Denmark between 2007 and 2018.InterventionQuality of information of monitoring instructions was assessed according to the Systematic Information for Monitoring (SIM) score. Associations between different characteristics of instructions and the SIM score were compared with analysis of variance and the post hoc test Tukey’s honestly significant difference if significant.ResultsIn total, 297 DHPCs were issued, of which 97 contained 134 monitoring instructions. For 95% of these DHPCs the European Medicines Agency was involved. The average SIM score was 2.6±1.6 (ranging 0–6) and only 47% were considered of sufficient quality (SIM score ≥3). In addition, even fewer (11%) instructions were considered a ‘adequate instruction’ which also reported about facts and risks. Differences between quality of information according to type of monitoring were observed, specifically between clinical monitoring (average SIM score 1.9) and biomarker monitoring (physical average SIM score 2.9, p=0.029 and laboratory average SIM score 3.4, p<0.0001).ConclusionsMonitoring instructions were found not to be of sufficient quality to be applicable in clinical practice according to the SIM score. Our study concludes the need for further research and regulatory steps to ensure improve quality of information in safety communications.
Codesigning discharge communication interventions with healthcare providers, youth and parents for emergency practice settings: EDUCATE study protocol
Authors: Curran Janet A , Cassidy Christine , Bishop Andrea , Wozney Lori , Plint Amy C , Ritchie Krista , Straus Sharon E , Wong Helen , Newton Amanda , Jabbour Mona , MacPhee Shannon , Breneol Sydney , Burns Emma , Chorney Jill , Lawton Jennifer , Doyle Melanie , MacKay Rebecca , Zemek Roger , Penney Tanya , Grimshaw Jeremy 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionDischarge communication is an important aspect of patient care but frequently has shortcomings in emergency departments (EDs). In a paediatric context, youth or parents with young children often leave the ED with minimal opportunity to ask questions or to ensure comprehension of important information. Strategies for improving discharge communication have primarily targeted patients and/or parents, although neither group has been engaged in intervention design or implementation. Furthermore, ED healthcare providers (HCPs), important actors in discharge communication practice, are rarely consulted regarding intervention design decisions. We will generate evidence to enhance discharge communication by engaging youth, parents and HCPs in the codesign of ED discharge communication strategies (EDUCATE) for asthma and minor head injury.Methods and analysisThis mixed methods study will take place at two academic paediatric EDs in Canada. The study will occur in two phases: (A) codesign and refinement of the intervention prototypes; and (B) usability testing of the prototypes. During the first phase, two codesign teams (one for each condition) will follow a series of structured design meetings based on the Behavior Change Wheel to develop the EDUCATE interventions. Each codesign team (composed of youth, parents, HCPs and study researchers) will collaborate to identify priority target behaviours and acceptable components to include in the interventions. During the second phase, we will conduct usability testing in two EDs with a group of youth, parents and HCPs to refine the interventions. Two cycles of usability testing will be conducted with intervention refinement occurring at the end of each cycle.Ethics and disseminationInformed consent will be obtained from all participants. Ethics approval for this study has been obtained from the Research Ethics Board, IWK Health Centre. Results from this study will form the basis of a future effectiveness implementation trial. Key findings will be presented at national and international conferences and published within peer-reviewed journals.
Testing Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi spacetime with continuum-fitting method
Authors: Ghasemi-Nodehi M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe continuum-fitting method is the analysis of the thermal spectrum of the geometrically thin and optically thick accretion disk around stellar-mass black holes. A parametrization aiming to test the Kerr nature of astrophysical black holes was proposed in Ghasemi-Nodehi and Bambi in EPJC 76:290, 2016. The metric contains 11 parameters in addition to the mass and spin parameters. One can recover the Kerr case by setting all parameters to one. In this paper, I study the continuum-fitting method in a Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi background. I show the impact of each of the parameters on the spectra. I then employ $$\chi ^2$$χ2 studies and show that using the continuum-fitting method all parameters of Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi spacetime are degenerate. However, the parameter $$b_9$$b9 can be constrained in the case of a high spin value and the Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi black hole as reference. This degeneracy means that the spectra of the Kerr case cannot be distinguished from spectra produced in Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi spacetime. This is a problem as regards measuring the spin of astrophysical black holes and constrain possible deviations from the Kerr case of General Relativity.
A universal framework for t-channel dark matter models
Authors: Arina Chiara , Fuks Benjamin , Mantani Luca 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present the model implementation in FeynRules, which aims to offer a unique general framework allowing for all simulations relevant for simplified t-channel dark matter models at colliders and for the complementary cosmology calculations. We describe how to match next-to-leading-order QCD fixed-order calculations with parton showers to derive robust bounds and predictions in the context of LHC dark matter searches, and moreover validate two model restrictions (relevant for Dirac and Majorana fermionic dark matter respectively) to exemplify how to evaluate dark matter observables to constrain the model parameter space. More importantly, we emphasise how to achieve these results by using a combination of publicly available automated tools, and discuss how dark matter predictions are sensitive to the model file and software setup. All files, together with illustrative Mathematica notebooks, are available from the URL http://feynrules.irmp.ucl.ac.be/wiki/DMsimpt.
Scaling solutions in quintessential inflation
Authors: Haro Jaume , Amorós Jaume , Pan Supriya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn quintessence scalar field theories, the presence of scaling solutions are important during the radiation and matter epoch due to having their attractor character. Usually, it is assumed that the initial conditions of the quintessence field are in the basin of attraction of the scaling solutions. However, in order to reproduce the current cosmic acceleration, at late times, a mechanism to exit this behavior is needed. In the present work we show that the quintessential inflation models could be an excellent candidate to exhibit the above behavior. However, the crucial point of quintessential inflation is that the initial conditions has to be taken during the inflation, and at the beginning of the radiation era, the scalar field does not belong to the basin of attraction of the scaling solution. This means that, in the case where quintessence is depicted via exponential potentials, only a single exponential in the tail of the quintessential inflation potential is enough to depict the evolution of our universe.
Testing the origin of the “$$f_1(1420)$$” with the $${\bar{K}} p \rightarrow \Lambda (\Sigma ) K{\bar{K}} \pi $$ reaction
Authors: Liang Wei-Hong , Oset E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study the $${\bar{K}} p \rightarrow Y K{\bar{K}} \pi $$

K

¯

p
→
Y
K

K

¯

π

reactions with $${\bar{K}} = {\bar{K}}^0, K^-$$

K

¯

=

K

¯

0

,

K
-

and $$Y=\Sigma ^0, \Sigma ^+, \Lambda $$

Y
=

Σ
0

,

Σ
+

,
Λ

, in the region of $$K{\bar{K}} \pi $$

K

K

¯

π

invariant masses of $$1200-1550$$

1200
-
1550

MeV. The strong coupling of the $$f_1(1285)$$

f
1

(
1285
)

resonance to $$K^* {\bar{K}}$$

K
∗

K

¯

makes the mechanism based on $$K^*$$

K
∗

exchange very efficient to produce this resonance observed in the $$K{\bar{K}} \pi $$

K

K

¯

π

invariant mass distribution. In addition, in all these reactions one observes an associated peak at 1420 MeV which comes from the $$K^* {\bar{K}}$$

K
∗

K

¯

decay mode of the $$f_1(1285)$$

f
1

(
1285
)

when the $$K^*$$

K
∗

is placed on shell at higher invariant masses. We call the attention to the possibility that the peaks observed in other reactions where the “$$f_1(1420)$$

f
1

(
1420
)

” is observed have a similar origin.
Meson–baryon scattering in resummed baryon chiral perturbation theory using time-ordered perturbation theory
Authors: Ren X.-L. , Epelbaum E. , Gegelia J. , Meißner Ulf-G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntegral equations for meson–baryon scattering amplitudes are obtained by utilizing time-ordered perturbation theory for a manifestly Lorentz-invariant formulation of baryon chiral perturbation theory. Effective potentials are defined as sums of two-particle irreducible contributions of time-ordered diagrams and the scattering amplitudes are obtained as solutions of integral equations. Ultraviolet renormalizability is achieved by solving integral equations for the leading order amplitude and including higher order corrections perturbatively. As an application of the developed formalism, pion-nucleon scattering is considered.
(Invited) Wafer-Scale Epitaxy of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides By MOCVD
Authors: Choudhury Tanushree , Chubarov Mikhail , Zhang Xiaotian , Redwing Joan M. 
Published: May 2020

Monolayer semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (MX2, M=W, Mo and X=S, Se) exhibit novel electronic and optical properties. Availability of epitaxial single-crystal monolayers over a wafer scale is a major hurdle in integrating these materials with existing device fabrication processes. Our approach focusses on synthesis of these monolayers using gas source precursors, like those used in traditional III-V semiconductor industry. The precursors are kept in temperature and pressure-controlled bubblers outside the growth chamber and can be metered independently into the growth zone with precision. Uniform epitaxial binary TMD monolayers including MoS2, WS2, WSe2 and MoSe2 have been deposited on 2” sapphire wafers in a cold-wall CVD reactor using metal hexacarbonyl and hydride chalcogen precursors. A multi-step growth process comprising of precursor modulation was developed for WSe2 to independently control nucleation density and the lateral growth rate of monolayer domains on the sapphire substrate [1]. For the sulfides, additional temperature modulation was introduced to increase crystalline quality. Using this approach, uniform, coalesced monolayer and few-layer TMD films were obtained on 2” sapphire substrates. In-plane X-ray diffraction demonstrates that the films are epitaxially oriented with respect to sapphire with narrow X-ray full-width-at-half-maximum indicating minimal rotational misorientation of domains within the basal plane [2]. Deposition of these materials in the same reactor provides insight into the factors controlling their growth, which in essential for the growth of heterostructures and/or alloys. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of these materials revealed additional information about the coalesced film structure. For instance, ~95 % single oriented WS2 domains were observed when the film growth rate was modulated. For WS2, it was also confirmed that despite translational line defects present in the film, mirror boundaries were predominantly absent. WS2 also showed no defect related photoluminescence peak at 80 K, indicating its high quality.
In this talk the factors affecting the growth of TMDs (MX2, M=W, Mo and X=S, Se) will be presented. The role of the substrate surface in the nucleation and growth of these TMDs will be discussed. In addition, the structural and optoelectronic characteristics for these films will also be presented.
The authors acknowledge financial support of the U.S. National Science Foundation through the Penn State 2D Crystal Consortium – Materials Innovation Platform (2DCC-MIP) under NSF cooperative agreement DMR-1539916 and EFRI 2-DARE Grant EFRI-1433378.
[1] Zhang X, Choudhury TH, Chubarov M et al., 2018. Nano Lett. 18(2):1049–56
[2] Chubarov M, Choudhury TH, Zhang X et al., 2018. Nanotechnology. 29(5):55706
(Invited) Seeing 2D Sheets with Fluorescence Quenching Microscopy
Authors: Huang Jiaxing 
Published: May 2020

Fluorescence quenching microscopy (FQM) was initially developed for high throughput imaging of graphene based sheets on arbitrary substrates under a common fluorescence microscopy. It takes advantages of the long range, energy transfer-based fluorescence quenching effect of graphene-based materials, and can obtain images with high contrast and high layer resolution comparable to those of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). FQM was later applied to image other strongly quenching sheets such as transitional metal dichalcogenides.
The high-contrast optical imaging of nearly transparent 2D materials such as clays and some oxides sheets has been an outstanding challenge; yet it is a critical research capability needed in the synthesis and processing of these materials, which have shown promise in a number of applications including barrier coatings, membranes, and composites. Using delaminated silicate clay and titania sheets as model system, here we show that these weakly quenching, nearly transparent 2D sheets can also be readily imaged by FQM based on a new mechanism with SEM and AFM level of contrast and layer resolutions. When different 2D materials are co-deposited, FQM not only differentiates them readily based on their quenching capabilities, but also can resolve their vertical stacking sequence based on the contrast of their overlapped areas.
(Invited) Impact of Substrates and Interfaces on 2D TMDC Properties
Authors: Leonhardt Alessandra , Koladi Mootheri Vivek , Lockhart de la Rosa Cesar Javier , Nuytten Thomas , Mascaro Marco , Sergeant Stefanie , Banszerus Luca , Stampfer Christoph , Lin D , Huyghebaert Cedric , De Gendt Stefan 
Published: May 2020

2D TMDCs show promise to multiple applications, from distributed systems, to optical devices, and high-performance electronics. Nonetheless, how these ultra-thin semiconductors are impacted by their encapsulating environment / interfacial interactions is still a matter of discussion. Challenges relate to how to characterize dielectric surface related interactions, and how to assess the interface quality (quickly and in-line). We will discuss the impact of substrates / interfaces on electrical and optical properties of TMDCs and identify which parameters are the main affecting factors.
We show that defect bands from the dielectric substrate can result in doping or in loss of ambipolarity, depending on their position relative to the band gap of the 2D TMDC. From correlations between AFM and Raman maps, we show that nanoscale strain and doping are closely linked, which is confirmed by conductive AFM measurements. To assess substrate defectivity and the impact of trapped species, we demonstrate a novel and simple method, which relies on indirect band gap transitions.
Finally, we demonstrate that by understanding the multiple mechanisms of Fermi level pinning and controlling both contact and dielectric interface, ambipolarity can be demonstrated in MoS2 flakes.
Analysis of the Impact of Fast Charging on Aging for Smartphone Cells: A Case Study Using Synchrotron Based Techniques
Authors: Besli Muenir Mustafa , Subbaraman Anantharaman , Ramezan Pour Safaei Farshad , Metzger Michael , Ravi Nikhil , Johnston Christina , Christensen Jake , Kuppan Saravanan 
Published: May 2020

With the rapid market increase of consumer electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets, the performance of lithium-ion batteries in such devices becomes an important factor. In particular, fast charging, longer lasting batteries and safety are primary concerns for consumers. Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) is a common cathode material for these applications, and in smartphone applications with 1-2 cycles a day, LCO has been proven to be a good cathode with its high cycle life.1,2 However, besides offering high cycling stability and power density for mobile consumer applications, another requirement for LIBs utilized in smartphones and other portable electronic devices is the capability of fast charging, without a detrimental impact on the cycling stability. Different fast charging profiles can lead to various extents of degradation within the full cell. Consequently, strategies are needed to avoid or mitigate any negative impact of fast charging on battery capacity, power degradation and cycle life.
In this work, we employed extensive synchrotron-based characterization methods on smartphone batteries (LCO/graphite), offering new insight into the various degradation mechanisms during fast charging. Specifically we focus on an in-house developed fast-charging profile based on a physics-based battery model and compare it with the fast charging profile provided by the OEM. We reveal how lithium plating occurring on the anode side during fast charging is ‘mirrored’ on the cathode side leading to inactive cathode areas that only participate partly in lithium intercalation. While no morphological changes were observed in the cathode opposing the plating sides on the anode, in-situ hard XAS spectroscopy shows that deactivated spots on the cathode are not as redox active anymore, and synchrotron micro XRD shows significant changes in the lattice d-spacing value. Further, we use micro XRF to map the Co content in different regions of the anode, which stems from cathode transition metal dissolution. Finally, we conclude that a fast charging strategy derived from a physics-based model drastically reduces capacity fade and rate of impedance rise in a LCO/graphite smartphone cell as used in this work.

References

1 L. Wang, J. Ma, C. Wang, X. Yu, R. Liu, F. Jiang, X. Sun, A. Du, X. Zhou and G. Cui, Adv. Sci., 2019, 6, 1900355.
2 M. S. Whittingham, Chem. Rev., 2004, 104, 4271–4302.
A Revised Model for Electrochemical Frequency Modulation for Corrosion Estimation
Authors: Lalvani Shashi , Ullah Sifat 
Published: May 2020

Electrochemical frequency modulation technique allows for evaluation of corrosion rate without prior information of the Tafel parameters. The basic premise of this approach is that since the material degradation can be described by a nonlinear model, the application of an AC perturbation signal will result in the generation of higher harmonics corresponding to the multiples of the original signal frequency. However, the previous research has ignored the following: (i) the effect of the double layer capacitance (Cd) at the surface of the corroding electrode, and (ii) the solution resistance (Rs) on the output signal, which makes the estimation of faradaic current impossible. Thus, the true corrosion rate cannot be calculated.
Our research has shown that when these two effects are taken into account, the output signal displays shift in the higher order harmonics, which is a function of not only the order of the harmonics but also of the Tafel parameters Cd, and Rs. Thus, it becomes possible to calculate the faradaic current and accurately estimate the corrosion rate.