bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series
Authors: Xu Xiao-Wei , Wu Xiao-Xin , Jiang Xian-Gao , Xu Kai-Jin , Ying Ling-Jun , Ma Chun-Lian , Li Shi-Bo , Wang Hua-Ying , Zhang Sheng , Gao Hai-Nv , Sheng Ji-Fang , Cai Hong-Liu , Qiu Yun-Qing , Li Lan-Juan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
To study the clinical characteristics of patients in Zhejiang province, China, infected with the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-2019).

Design
Retrospective case series.

Setting
Seven hospitals in Zhejiang province, China.

Participants
62 patients admitted to hospital with laboratory confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection. Data were collected from 10 January 2020 to 26 January 2020.

Main outcome measures
Clinical data, collected using a standardised case report form, such as temperature, history of exposure, incubation period. If information was not clear, the working group in Hangzhou contacted the doctor responsible for treating the patient for clarification.

Results
Of the 62 patients studied (median age 41 years), only one was admitted to an intensive care unit, and no patients died during the study. According to research, none of the infected patients in Zhejiang province were ever exposed to the Huanan seafood market, the original source of the virus; all studied cases were infected by human to human transmission. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever in 48 (77%) patients, cough in 50 (81%), expectoration in 35 (56%), headache in 21 (34%), myalgia or fatigue in 32 (52%), diarrhoea in 3 (8%), and haemoptysis in 2 (3%). Only two patients (3%) developed shortness of breath on admission. The median time from exposure to onset of illness was 4 days (interquartile range 3-5 days), and from onset of symptoms to first hospital admission was 2 (1-4) days.

Conclusion
As of early February 2020, compared with patients initially infected with SARS-Cov-2 in Wuhan, the symptoms of patients in Zhejiang province are relatively mild.
Effects of individual, family and community factors on the willingness of institutional elder care: a cross-sectional survey of the elderly in China
Authors: Wang Zhaoqing , Xing Yanan , Yan Wenxin , Sun Xinran , Zhang Xueying , Huang Shuang , Li Li 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of the willingness to live in elder care institutions associated with individual factors, family environment and the community environment in the elderly in China.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingHeilongjiang Province, China.ParticipantsA total of 1003 elderly people were selected through multistage sampling in Heilongjiang Province.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA multistage, stratified sampling design was employed. Differences in health status, family environment and community environment of the respondents were compared with the t-test and χ2 test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess key determinants of willingness to live in institutions.ResultsThis study showed that 45.4% of respondents were willing to live in elder care institutions in the future. Factors influencing willingness to live in elder care institutions were age, house ownership, living with spouse and children, disease caregivers and availability of home healthcare services. The elders who had no property (OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.750 to 3.200, p<0.01) and those aged 80 or above (OR=2.25, 95% CI 1.490 to 3.400, p<0.01) were, respectively, 2.370 and 2.250 times more receptive to living in elder care institutions than their control groups. However, those living with a spouse (OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.287 to 0.762, p<0.01), living with children (OR=0.25, 95% CI 0.158 to 0.402, p<0.01) or living with a spouse and children (OR=0.29, 95% CI 0.160 to 0.509, p<0.01) were less willing to live in elder care institutions.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the willingness to enter elder care institutions is affected by individual, family environmental and community environmental factors. We should vigorously develop community-centred intensive home-based elder care services by improving the quality and availability of home health services by expanding investment in the community.
Experiences of people taking opioid medication for chronic non-malignant pain: a qualitative evidence synthesis using meta-ethnography
Authors: Nichols Vivien P , Toye Francine , Eldabe Sam , Sandhu Harbinder Kaur , Underwood Martin , Seers Kate 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo review qualitative studies on the experience of taking opioid medication for chronic non-malignant pain (CNMP) or coming off them.DesignThis is a qualitative evidence synthesis using a seven-step approach from the methods of meta-ethnography.Data sources and eligibility criteriaWe searched selected databases—Medline, Embase, AMED, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus (Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index)—for qualitative studies which provide patients’ views of taking opioid medication for CNMP or of coming off them (June 2017, updated September 2018).Data extraction and synthesisPapers were quality appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool, and the GRADE-CERQual (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group - Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) guidelines were applied. We identified concepts and iteratively abstracted these concepts into a line of argument.ResultsWe screened 2994 unique citations and checked 153 full texts, and 31 met our review criteria. We identified five themes: (1) reluctant users with little choice; (2) understanding opioids: the good and the bad; (3) a therapeutic alliance: not always on the same page; (4) stigma: feeling scared and secretive but needing support; and (5) the challenge of tapering or withdrawal. A new overarching theme of ‘constantly balancing’ emerged from the data.ConclusionsPeople taking opioids were constantly balancing tensions, not always wanting to take opioids, and weighing the pros and cons of opioids but feeling they had no choice because of the pain. They frequently felt stigmatised, were not always ‘on the same page’ as their healthcare professional and felt changes in opioid use were often challenging.Trial registration number49470934; Pre-results.
Accuracy of the general practitioner’s sense of alarm when confronted with dyspnoea and/or chest pain: a prospective observational study
Authors: Barais Marie , Fossard Emilie , Dany Antoine , Montier Tristan , Stolper Erik , Van Royen Paul 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesDyspnoea and chest pain are symptoms shared with multiple pathologies ranging from the benign to life-threatening diseases. A Gut Feelings Questionnaire (GFQ) has been validated to measure the general practitioner’s (GPs) sense of alarm or sense of reassurance. The aim of the study was to estimate the diagnostic test accuracy of GPs’ sense of alarm when confronted with dyspnoea and chest pain.Design and settingsProspective observational study in general practice.ParticipantsPatients aged between 18 and 80 years, consulting their GP for dyspnoea and/or chest pain, were considered for enrolment. These GPs had to complete the GFQ immediately after the consultation.Primary outcome measuresLife-threatening and non-life-threatening diseases have previously been defined according to the pathologies or symptoms in the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC)-2 classification. The index test was the sense of alarm and the reference standard was the final diagnosis at 4 weeks.Results25 GPs filled in 235 GFQ questionnaires. The positive likelihood ratio for the sense of alarm was 2.12 (95% CI 1.49 to 2.82), the negative likelihood ratio was 0.55 (95% CI 0.37 to 0.77).ConclusionsWhere the physician experienced a sense of alarm when a patient consulted him/her for dyspnoea and/or chest pain, the post-test odds that this patient had, in fact, a life-threatening disease was about twice as high as the pretest odds.Trial registration numberNCT02932982.
Adherence to healthy lifestyles and incidence of diabetes and mortality among individuals with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Schlesinger Sabrina , Neuenschwander Manuela , Ballon Aurélie , Nöthlings Ute , Barbaresko Janett 
Published: February 2020

Introduction
Lifestyle factors in combination have been hypothesised to be associated with the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and mortality among individuals with T2D. The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the association between lifestyle indices and incident T2D as well as mortality in individuals with T2D.

Methods
PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to September 2019. We included prospective cohort studies investigating at least three lifestyle factors in association with T2D, or all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes. We conducted pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses to calculate summary relative risks (SRR) by using random effects model.

Results
In total, 19 studies were included. Adhering to a healthy lifestyle (mostly favourable diet, physical activity, non-smoking, moderate alcohol intake and normal weight) was associated with a reduced SRR of 78% for T2D (SRR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.32; n=14) and 57% for mortality (SRR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.58; n=5) compared with low adherence to a healthy lifestyle. In dose-response analyses, the adherence to every additional healthy lifestyle factor was associated with a reduced relative risk of 32% (95% CI: 28% to 36%) for T2D and 21% (95% CI: 15% to 26%) for mortality.

Conclusions
Our findings underline the importance of the joint adherence to healthy lifestyle factors to prevent T2D and improve survival among individuals with diabetes. Adherence to every additional health lifestyle factor play a role in the T2D prevention and progression.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42018091409.
Numerical simulation of blood flow in intracranial aneurysms treated by endovascular Woven EndoBridge technique
Authors: Sharifi Alireza , Deyranlou Amin , Moghadam Mohammad Charjouei , Niazmand Hamid 
Published: February 2020

Over the past few decades, different therapeutic methods for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms have been developed. During recent years, novel standalone intrasaccular Woven EndoBridge (WEB) technique has paved the way for efficient therapy and reduced some deficiencies in prior procedures. Blood hemodynamics plays a crucial role in occurrence and perpetuating of aneurysm; therefore, understanding of relevant parameters can lead to a better treatment and evolution of design. Objectively, this paper has established the first mathematical framework to explore hemodynamic parameters for WEB-treated saccular aneurysms by employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Two ideal models of artery — one is suffered by a bifurcation aneurysm at Basilar Artery (BA) and another Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) aneurysm — are selected. Simulations are performed for an untreated and three WEB-treated aneurysms by Dual Layer (DL), Single Layer (SL) and Single Layer Sphere (SLS) WEBs. Results demonstrate that, generally, the WEB reduces flow intrusion and circulation inside the aneurysm sac, which leads to lowering WSS; however, the infiltrated flow to the WEB causes slight increase in intrasaccular pressure. Moreover, the numerical results show that the WEB DL reduces velocity and WSS, and elevates pressure inside the sac more than the WEBs SL and SLS. Among the explored WEB models (DL, SL and SLS), by assuming thorough binding at the aneurysm neck, the WEB DL demonstrates much efficient performance in flow diversion from the aneurysm, while despite the different structure of WEBs SL and SLS, they perform similarly.
Transient dynamic analysis of a pump-turbine with hysteresis effect
Authors: Guo Peng-Cheng , Zhang Hao , Sun Long-Gang 
Published: February 2020

Hysteresis effect, which has a significant impact on transient characteristics of a pump-turbine, attracts more and more researchers’ attention and shows great potential. Influences of hysteresis on dynamic characteristics of a pump-turbine are investigated during the transient process in this paper. Transient trajectories of pump-turbines actually do not match their static operation trajectories, especially in the condition of turbine braking. In order to establish a transient model of a pump-turbine in different moving directions of dynamic trajectories, time delays among the relative parameters are introduced in this paper. Furthermore, effects of hysteresis on the dynamic characteristics of the pump-turbine are analyzed in detail by using numerical simulation. Based on the established transient model, influences of unit head on the dynamic characteristics of the pump-turbine are studied during the bidirectional transient process. The simulation results show the transient characteristic of the pump-turbine can be improved with the enhancement of hysteresis effect. While it gradually loses stability with the increase of hysteresis. The conclusions provide us a new approach for regulating the transient performance and stability of pump-turbines by using hysteresis effect during transient process.
Modified holographic energy density-driven inflation and some cosmological outcomes
Authors: Chakraborty Gargee , Chattopadhyay Surajit 
Published: February 2020

Motivated by the work of Nojiri et al. [S. Nojiri, S. D. Odintsov and E. N. Saridakis, Holographic inflation, Phys. Lett. B 797 (2019) 134829], this study reports a model of inflation under the consideration that the inflationary regime is originated by a type of holographic energy density. The infrared cutoff has been selected based on the modified holographic model that is a particular case of Nojiri–Odintsov holographic dark energy [S. Nojiri and S. D. Odintsov, Unifying phantom inflation with late-time acceleration: Scalar phantom–non-phantom transition model and generalized holographic dark energy, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 38 (2006) 1285] that unifies phantom inflation with the acceleration of the universe on late time. On getting an analytical solution for Hubble parameter we considered the presence of bulk viscosity and the effective equation of state parameter appeared to be consistent with inflationary scenario with some constraints. It has also being observed that in the inflationary scenario the contribution of bulk viscosity is not of much significance and its influence is increasing with the evolution of the universe. Inflationary observables have been computed for the model and the slow-roll parameters have been computed. Finally, it has been observed that the trajectories in [Formula: see text] are compatible with the observational bound found by Planck. It has been concluded that the tensor to scalar ratio for this model can explain the primordial fluctuation in the early universe as well.
Transient and sustained processing of musical consonance in auditory cortex and the effect of musicality
Authors: Andermann Martin , Patterson Roy D. , Rupp André 
Published: February 2020

In recent years, electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography (MEG) have both been used to investigate the response in human auditory cortex to musical sounds that are perceived as consonant or dissonant. These studies have typically focused on the transient components of the physiological activity at sound onset, specifically, the N1 wave of the auditory evoked potential and the auditory evoked field, respectively. Unfortunately, the morphology of the N1 wave is confounded by the prominent neural response to energy onset at stimulus onset. It is also the case that the perception of pitch is not limited to sound onset; the perception lasts as long as the note producing it. This suggests that consonance studies should also consider the sustained activity that appears after the transient components die away. The current MEG study shows how energy-balanced sounds can focus the response waves on the consonance-dissonance distinction rather than energy changes and how source modeling techniques can be used to measure the sustained field associated with extended consonant and dissonant sounds. The study shows that musical dyads evoke distinct transient and sustained neuromagnetic responses in auditory cortex. The form of the response depends on both whether the dyads are consonant or dissonant and whether the listeners are musical or nonmusical. The results also show that auditory cortex requires more time for the early transient processing of dissonant dyads than it does for consonant dyads and that the continuous representation of temporal regularity in auditory cortex might be modulated by processes beyond auditory cortex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report a magnetoencephalography (MEG) study on transient and sustained cortical consonance processing. Stimuli were long-duration, energy-balanced, musical dyads that were either consonant or dissonant. Spatiotemporal source analysis revealed specific transient and sustained neuromagnetic activity in response to the dyads; in particular, the morphology of the responses was shaped by the dyad’s consonance and the listener’s musicality. Our results also suggest that the sustained representation of stimulus regularity might be modulated by processes beyond auditory cortex.
Association of Body Composition and Intradialytic Hypotension in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Tian Maolu , Zha Yan , Qie Shuwen , Lin Xin , Yuan Jing 
Published: February 2020

<b><i>Background/Aim:</i></b> The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and intradialytic hypotension (IDH) has been inconsistently reported, but no further research has investigated the correlation between body composition and IDH so far. This study aimed to determine whether the lean tissue index (LTI), fat tissue index (FTI), or both derived from body composition monitoring (BCM) is associated with IDH defined as a nadir intradialytic systolic blood pressure of &#x3c;90 mm Hg and ≥3 episodes hypotension per 10 hemodialysis (HD) treatments in patients undergoing prevalent HD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The observational cohort study comprised 1,463 patients receiving thrice-weekly HD from 13 dialysis centers. LTI and FTI were assessed using a BCM machine, a multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy device. Unadjusted and multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were fit to estimate the association of body composition with the odds of developing IDH. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One hundred and seven patients (7.3%) were diagnosed as IDH. The difference in dialysis vintage, BMI, FTI, LTI, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein between IDH and non-IDH groups was statistically significant (all <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The prevalence of diabetes among IDH patients was slightly higher than among non-IDH patients. In logistic regression models, low LTI and high FTI, but not high BMI were associated with greater odds of IDH (“high” as above median and “low” as below median). When patients were further stratified into 4 distinct body composition groups based on both the LTI and FTI, only the low LTI/high FTI group was connected with a significantly higher odds of IDH (OR 2.686, 95% CI 1.072–6.734; reference: low LTI/low FTI group). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The LTI and FTI can provide better correlation of IDH occurrence than the BMI alone in prevalent HD patients. The low LTI/high FTI appears to be most associated with IDH. An optimal body composition for preventing the occurrence of IDH needs to be determined.
Systematic Errors in South Asian Monsoon Precipitation: Process-Based Diagnostics and Sensitivity to Entrainment in NCAR Models
Authors: Hanf Franziska S. , Annamalai H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn simulations of the boreal summer Asian monsoon, generations of climate models show a persistent climatological wet bias over the tropical western Indian Ocean and a dry bias over South Asia. Here, focusing on the monsoon developing stages (May–June), process-based diagnostics are first applied to a suite of NCAR models and reanalysis products. Two primary factors are identified for the initiation and maintenance of the wet bias over the northwestern Indian Ocean (NWIO; 5°–15°N, 52°–67°E): (i) excessive tropospheric moisture and (ii) restrained horizontal advection of the 1000–800-hPa levels cold–dry air couplet that originates offshore of Somalia. Second, guided by the diagnostics, we hypothesized that insufficient dilution of convective updrafts is one possible candidate for model bias and performed a series of enhanced entrainment sensitivity experiments with NCAR CAM4. Over the NWIO, the results suggest that globally increasing the maximum entrainment rateεmaxleads to a drier free troposphere, arrests the vertical extension of clouds, and weakens moisture–convection and cloud–radiation feedbacks; each factor contributes to a reduced wet bias. Moreover, a higherεmaxleads to a reduced dry bias over South Asia through changes in the local circulation features. In CAM4, improved precipitation climatology due to increasedεmaxsuggests that insufficient dilution is one factor, but not the only one, that contributes to systematic errors. Rather, realistic representation of boundary layer processes in climate models arising out of local ocean–atmosphere interaction processes off Somalia’s coast deserves attention in reducing the NWIO wet bias.
The Modulation of Gulf Stream Influence on the Troposphere by the Eddy-Driven Jet
Authors: Parfitt Rhys , Kwon Young-Oh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study suggests that the Gulf Stream influence on the wintertime North Atlantic troposphere is most pronounced when the eddy-driven jet (EDJ) is farthest south and better collocated with the Gulf Stream. Using the reanalysis dataset NCEP-CFSR for December–February 1979–2009, the daily EDJ latitude is separated into three regimes (northern, central, and southern). It is found that the average trajectory of atmospheric fronts covaries with EDJ latitude. In the southern EDJ regime (~19% of the time), the frequency of near-surface atmospheric fronts that pass across the Gulf Stream is maximized. Analysis suggests that this leads to significant strengthening in near-surface atmospheric frontal convergence resulting from strong air–sea sensible heat flux gradients (due to strong temperature gradients in the atmosphere and ocean). In recent studies, it was shown that the pronounced band of time-mean near-surface wind convergence across the Gulf Stream is set by atmospheric fronts. Here, it is shown that an even smaller subset of atmospheric fronts—those associated with a southern EDJ—primarily sets the time mean, due to enhanced Gulf Stream air–sea interaction. Furthermore, statistically significant anomalies in vertical velocity extending well above the boundary layer are identified in association with changes in EDJ latitude. These anomalies are particularly strong for a southern EDJ and are spatially consistent with increases in near-surface atmospheric frontal convergence over the Gulf Stream. These results imply that much of the Gulf Stream influence on the time-mean atmosphere is modulated on synoptic time scales, and enhanced when the EDJ is farthest south.