bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel comb‐like anion‐nonionic copolymer for improving the stability of pymetrozine suspension concentrate
Authors: Zhang Shupeng , Zhang Lei , Yang Xiaodong , Hua Wendong , Qiu Junyun , Zhang Mingqian , Zhang Bo , Ren Tianrui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoalescence and flocculation are two challenges for the stability and efficacy of pesticide suspension concentrate (SC) during the production and storage. To improve the stability of 25% pymetrozine SC, three comb‐like poly(styrene‐co‐acrylic acid‐co‐polyethylene glycol methyl ether maleate) (SA‐M) with different length side chains were synthesized by free radical polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and H‐nuclear magnetic resonance. Surface‐active parameters, including critical aggregation concentration (critical micelle concentration), saturation surface excess concentration (Γmax), minimum area per molecule (Amin), and standard Gibbs free energyvalues were obtained from surface tension measurement. It shows that the surface‐active property of SA‐M decreased with the side chain length. Besides, 25% pymetrozine SC prepared using SA‐M as dispersant had low zeta potential and low viscosity but high dispersibility and thermal storage stability. It is speculated that the formation of hydrogen bonds between nonionic branches and pymetrozine molecule at the expense of interruption of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between pymetrozine and water molecule, plays a key role in the stability mechanism.
Expression of calbindin and calretinin in the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei during aging
Authors: Vishnyakova Polina A. , Moiseev Konstantin Yu. , Spirichev Andrey A. , Emanuilov Andrey I. , Nozdrachev Alexandr D. , Masliukov Petr M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of rhythms, autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral functions and may also participate in aging development and control. The aim of this work was to study the expression of calbindin (CB) and calretinin (CR) in the ventromedial (VMH) and dorsomedial (DMH) hypothalamic nuclei in young and old rats of both sexes by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In young animals, the largest number of CB‐immunoreactive (IR) neurons was detected in the ventral part of DMH (DMHv) and smaller percentage was found in its dorsal part (DMHd), in the dorsomedial part of the VMH (VMHdm) and in the ventrolateral part of the VMH (VMHvl). In aged animals, the percentage of CB‐IR neurons significantly decreased in all studied nuclei, including DMHv, DMHd, VMHdm and VMHvl. CR‐IR neurons were found in moderate number in the DMHv, DMHd, VMHdm and VMHvl of young rats. In aged rats, the percentage of CR‐IR neurons significantly increased in the DMHv, DMHd, VMHdm and VMHvl. Less than one third of IR neurons colocalized CB and CR in young and aged rats. The expression of CB significantly decreased, and the expression of CR significantly increased in the DMH and VMH during aging by western blot analysis. Thus, there are opposite changes of the calcium‐binding proteins expression in the hypothalamic nuclei involved in the metabolic and sexual regulation during aging.
Inward collapse of the nasal cavity: Perinatal consolidation of the midface and cranial base in primates
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Ufelle Alexander C. , Cray James J. , Rehorek Susan B. , DeLeon Valerie B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLiving primates show a complex trend in reduction of nasal cavity spaces and structures due to moderate to severe constraint on interorbital breadth. Here we describe the ontogeny of the posterior end of the primate cartilaginous nasal capsule, the thimble shaped posterior nasal cupula (PNC), which surrounds the hind end of the olfactory region. We used a histologically sectioned sample of strepsirrhine primates and two non‐primates (Tupaia belangeri, Rousettus leschenaulti), and histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to study the PNC in a perinatal sample. At birth, most strepsirrhines possess only fragments of PNC, and these lack a perichondrium. Fetal specimens of several species reveal a more complete PNC, but the cartilage exhibits uneven or weak reactivity to type II collagen antibodies. Moreover, there is relatively less matrix than in the septal cartilage, resulting in clustering of chondrocytes, some of which are in direct contact with adjacent connective tissues. In one primate (Varecia spp.) and both non‐primates, the PNC has a perichondrium at birth. In older, infant Varecia and Rousettus, the perichondrium of the PNC is absent, and PNC fragmentation at its posterior pole has occurred in the former. Loss of the perichondrium for the PNC appears to precede resorption of the posterior end of the nasal capsule. These results suggest that the consolidation of the basicranial and facial skeletons happens ontogenetically earlier in primates than other mammals. We hypothesize that early loss of cartilage at the sphenoethmoidal articulation limits chondral mechanisms for nasal complexity, such as interstitial expansion or endochondral ossification.
Superposition of COVID‐19 waves, anticipating a sustained wave, and lessons for the future
Authors: Lai Joel Weijia , Cheong Kang Hao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe 2019 coronavirus (COVID‐19), also known as SARS‐CoV‐2, is highly pathogenic and virulent, and it spreads very quickly through human‐to‐human contact. In response to the growing number of cases, governments across the spectrum of affected countries have adopted different strategies in implementing control measures, in a hope to reduce the number of new cases. However, 5 months after the first confirmed case, countries like the United States of America (US) seems to be heading towards a trajectory that indicates a health care crisis. This is in stark contrast to the downward trajectory in Europe, China, and elsewhere in Asia, where the number of new cases has seen a decline ahead of an anticipated second wave. A data‐driven approach reveals three key strategies in tackling COVID‐19. Our work here has definitively evaluated these strategies and serves as a warning to the US, and more importantly, a guide for tackling future pandemics. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/gPkCi2_7tWo
Validation of brief symptom indexes among patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A trial of the ECOG‐ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E1302)
Authors: Oswald Laura B. , Lee Ju‐Whei , Argiris Athanassios , Webster Kimberly A. , Forastiere Arlene A. , Cella David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with advanced head and neck cancer have identified pain, fatigue, and difficulties swallowing, breathing, and communicating as high‐priority disease‐related symptoms. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Head and Neck Symptom Index‐10 (FHNSI‐10) assesses these symptoms. We sought to validate the FHNSI‐10, another brief symptom index (FHNSI‐7), and individual symptom endpoints representing these high‐rated priority disease symptoms among patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).MethodsPatients (N = 239) were enrolled in a phase III randomized clinical trial (E1302) and completed the FHNSI‐10 at multiple time points. We assessed the internal consistencies and test–retest reliabilities of the FHNSI‐10 and FHNSI‐7 scores, and the known‐groups validity, predictive criterion validity, and responsiveness‐to‐change of the symptom indexes and individual symptom endpoint scores.ResultsThe FHNSI‐10 and FHNSI‐7 indexes showed satisfactory internal consistencies (Cronbach's alpha coefficient range 0.60‐0.75) and acceptable test–retest reliabilities (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.75 and 0.74, respectively). The FHNSI‐10, FHNSI‐7, and the pain, fatigue, swallowing, and breathing symptom scores showed evidence of known‐groups validity by performance status at baseline. The FHNSI‐10, FHNSI‐7, and the pain, fatigue, and breathing symptom scores at baseline showed evidence of predictive criterion validity for overall survival, but not time‐to‐progression (TTP). Changes in the symptom indexes and individual symptom scores were not associated with changes in performance status over 4 weeks, though most patients had stable performance status.ConclusionsThere is initial evidence of validity for the FHNSI‐10 and FHNSI‐7 indexes and selected individual symptom endpoints as brief disease‐related symptom assessments for patients with recurrent or metastatic SCCHN.
Resveratrol suppresses the growth and metastatic potential of cervical cancer by inhibiting STAT3Tyr705 phosphorylation
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Xu Qianqian , Zeng Lian , Xie Lixia , Zhao Qiang , Xu Hongxia , Wang Xuanbin , Jiang Nan , Fu Pan , Sang Ming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAberrant signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling promotes the initiation and progression of cancer in humans by either inhibiting apoptosis or inducing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The role of resveratrol（RES）in inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway in vivo, particularly in cervical cancer is still unknown. This study aims to investigate the role of STAT3 and its phosphorylation in RES‐mediated suppression of cervical cancer. The effects of RES on cervical cancer were determined by examining tumor tissues, their histological changes, and the volume and weight of tumor tissues grown from HeLa cells injected in female athymic BALB/C nude mice. The structure and target interaction of RES were virtually screened using the molecular docking program Autodock Vina. The status of phosphorylated STAT3, protein levels of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition molecular markers and extracellular matrix degradation enzymes were determined through Western blot. We demonstrated that RES could suppress the proliferation and metastatic potential of cervical cancer cells by inactivating phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr705 but not Ser727. This effect was intensified by inhibition of the STAT3 signal pathway.
Efficacy of intravesical therapies on the prevention of recurrence and progression of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Lu Jun‐Lin , Xia Qi‐Dong , Lu Ying‐Hong , Liu Zheng , Zhou Peng , Hu Heng‐Long , Wang Shao‐Gang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntravesical instillation therapy is the mainstay of prophylaxis of tumor recurrence and progression in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. However, there is no study evaluating the superiority of monotherapy. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of preventing recurrence and progression of intravesical monotherapies via network meta‐analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials. Database searches were conducted on Embase, Ovid Medline, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.com from the time of establishment to February 6, 2020. The monotherapies included Bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG), mitomycin C (MMC), interferon (IFN), adriamycin, epirubicin, gemcitabine (GEM), and thiotepa (THP). A Bayesian consistency network model was generated under a random‐effects model. The superiority of therapy was identified based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Fifty‐seven studies with 12462 patients are included. NMA shows that GEM (SUCRA = 0.92), BCG (SUCRA = 0.82), and IFN (SUCRA = 0.78) are the top three effective drugs to reduce recurrence. GEM (SUCRA = 0.87) is the most effective therapy to prevent progress, followed by BCG, MMC, THP, and IFN with similar efficacy. Subgroup analysis of pairwise meta‐analysis and NMA was performed on publication year, trial initiation year, study origin, center involvement, sample size, drug schedule, tumor characteristics, and trial quality to address confounding factors, which suggests the robustness of the results with stable effect sizes. Network meta‐regression also indicates consistent rank by analyzing year, sample size, and quality. Compared with BCG, GEM is also a promising therapy with favorable efficacy to reduce tumor recurrence and progression. IFN and MMC could be alternative therapies for BCG with slightly inferior efficacy in recurrence prevention and similar efficacy in progression prevention. However, the results of this study should be treated with caution since most of the included studies are of moderate to high risk of bias.
Plateau's Problem as a Singular Limit of Capillarity Problems
Authors: King Darren , Maggi Francesco , Stuvard Salvatore 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSoap films at equilibrium are modeled, rather than as surfaces, as regions of small total volume through the introduction of a capillarity problem with a homotopic spanning condition. This point of view introduces a length scale in the classical Plateau's problem, which is in turn recovered in the vanishing volume limit. This approximation of area minimizing hypersurfaces leads to an energy based selection principle for Plateau's problem, points at physical features of soap films that are unaccessible by simply looking at minimal surfaces, and opens several challenging questions. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Improved Moser‐Trudinger‐Onofri Inequality under Constraints
Authors: Chang Sun‐Yung A. , Hang Fengbo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA classical result of Aubin states that the constant in the Moser‐Trudinger‐Onofri inequality on can be improved for functions with zero first‐order moments of the area element. We generalize it to the higher‐order moments case. These new inequalities bear similarity to a sequence of Lebedev‐Milin‐type inequalities on coming from the work of Grenander‐Szego on Toeplitz determinants (as pointed out by Widom). We also discuss the related sharp inequality by a perturbation method . © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Concentration versus Oscillation Effects in Brittle Damage
Authors: Babadjian Jean‐François , Iurlano Flaviana , Rindler Filip 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work is concerned with an asymptotic analysis, in the sense of Γ‐convergence, of a sequence of variational models of brittle damage in the context of linearized elasticity. The study is performed as the damaged zone concentrates into a set of zero volume and, at the same time and to the same order ε, the stiffness of the damaged material becomes small. Three main features make the analysis highly nontrivial: at ε fixed, minimizing sequences of each brittle damage model oscillate and develop microstructures; as ε → 0, concentration and saturation of damage are favoured; and the competition of these phenomena translates into a degeneration of the growth of the elastic energy, which passes from being quadratic (at ε fixed) to being of linear‐growth type (in the limit). Consequently, homogenization effects interact with singularity formation in a nontrivial way, which requires new methods of analysis. In particular, the interaction of homogenization with singularity formation in the framework of linearized elasticity appears to not have been considered in the literature so far. We explicitly identify the Γ‐limit in two and three dimensions for isotropic Hooke tensors. The expression of the limit effective energy turns out to be of Hencky‐plasticity type. We further consider the regime where the divergence remains square‐integrable in the limit, which leads to a Tresca‐type model. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Refined Asymptotic Behavior of Blowup Solutions to a Simplified Chemotaxis System
Authors: Mizoguchi Noriko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe deal with a parabolic‐elliptic chemotaxis system. It is known that finite‐time blowup occurs for a large class of initial data. However, there have been no results on exact blowup rate or detailed blowup behavior except a special radial solution given just formally in [13] and rigorously in [19, 10, 9]. Our aim is to show that for all radial blowup solutions, their blowup rate, and blowup profile related to mass concentration are the same as those of the special solution. This implies that there is exactly one blowup behavior including blowup rate in radial case . © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The noncoding and coding transcriptional landscape of the peripheral immune response in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Tang Hao , Gao Yuehan , Li Zhaohuai , Miao Yushan , Huang Zhaohao , Liu Xiuxing , Xie Lihui , Li He , Wen Wen , Zheng Yingfeng , Su Wenru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 is currently a global pandemic, but the response of human immune system to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection remains unclear. Noncoding RNAs serve as immune regulators and thus may play a critical role in disease progression.MethodsWe performed multi‐transcriptome sequencing of both noncoding RNAs and mRNAs isolated from the red blood cell depleted whole blood of moderate and severe COVID‐19 patients. The functions of noncoding RNAs were validated by analyses of the expression of downstream mRNAs. We further utilized the single‐cell RNA‐seq data of COVID‐19 patients from Wilk et al. and Chua et al. to characterize noncoding RNA functions in different cell types.ResultsWe defined four types of microRNAs with different expression tendencies that could serve as biomarkers for COVID‐19 progress. We also identified miR‐146a‐5p, miR‐21‐5p, miR‐142‐3p, and miR‐15b‐5p as potential contributors to the disease pathogenesis, possibly serving as biomarkers of severe COVID‐19 and as candidate therapeutic targets. In addition, the transcriptome profiles consistently suggested hyperactivation of the immune response, loss of T‐cell function, and immune dysregulation in severe patients.ConclusionsCollectively, these findings provide a comprehensive view of the noncoding and coding transcriptional landscape of peripheral immune cells during COVID‐19, furthering our understanding and offering novel insights into COVID‐19 pathogenesis.
Safety and efficacy of helium plasma for subdermal coagulation
Authors: Ruff Paul G. , Doolabh Vaishali , Zimmerman Edward M. , Gentile Richard A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgical and nonsurgical treatments or procedures are often combined to achieve desired aesthetic results. A novel helium‐based plasma device has recently been developed to briefly heat soft tissue which coagulates collagen and achieves additional tissue contraction through neocollagenesis and tissue remodeling. Two chart reviews were performed on patients who had undergone liposuction combined with helium plasma treatment.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to evaluate the safety of these combined procedures. Secondary objectives were to assess aesthetic improvements and overall subject satisfaction.MethodsBoth studies retrospectively reviewed medical records for adult subjects undergoing a subdermal coagulation procedure with the helium plasma device following liposuction. One review included pre‐ and posttreatment subject images and subject satisfaction.ResultsStudy 1 identified 37 subjects who were male (n = 6) and female (n = 31), 21–70‐years old with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27 kg/m2 (range, 18–41 kg/m2). Study 2 identified 148 eligible subjects. Most subjects were female (n = 120), 21–84‐years old with a mean BMI of 27 kg/m2 (range, 18–44 kg/m2). Mean plasma generator settings were 70% power, mean helium flow was 3 L/min with four to six passes per area. Among subjects with efficacy data, most subjects (77%) reported aesthetic improvement and were happy with their results, would recommend to a friend, and would consider having their procedure repeated (68%). Overall satisfaction was achieved by 74%.ConclusionsThese results suggest helium plasma is a safe and effective adjunct therapy when used in combination with liposuction.
Convergent evolution of specialized generalists: Implications for phylogenetic and functional diversity of carabid feeding groups
Authors: Baulechner Dennis , Jauker Frank , Neubauer Thomas A. , Wolters Volkmar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Closely related species are often assumed to be functionally similar. Phylogenetic information is thus widely used to infer functional diversity and assembly of communities. In contrast, evolutionary processes generating functional similarity of phylogenetically distinct taxa are rarely addressed in this context.

To investigate the impact of convergent evolution on functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD), we reconstructed the phylogenetic structure of carabid trophic groups. We then analyzed the mandible shapes using geometric morphometrics to link specialization in functional morphology with feeding specialization among herbivores, generalist carnivores, and specialized consumers of Collembola.

Our results show that carabid feeding groups are paraphyletic. Herbivory evolved at least twice and specialization to Collembola predation at least three times. Species within feeding groups share a remarkably similar mandible morphology, which evolved convergently. While specialized mandibles of herbivores and collembolan specialists represent an adaptation to their main food source, the particular mandible morphologies do not necessarily reflect the degree of food specialization within feeding groups. Only a few species with a specialized herbivorous mandible may occasionally feed on animals, but the range of specific food resources in generalist carnivore species is large, despite an almost identical mandible shape.

Thus, convergent evolution in specialized feeding groups reverses the relationship between PD and functional similarity compared with generalist carnivores. We conclude that phylogenetic relationship is a poor proxy of FD in carabids. Moreover, the inconsistencies between relatedness, morphological adaptation, and ecological function require caution in the characterization of functional groups. Rather than assuming general relationships between PD and FD, we suggest integrating the analysis of evolutionary processes into functional community analyses.
Safe application of extensive radiotherapy to a cardiac resynchronization device
Authors: Schernthaner Christiana , Kopp Michael , Dagn Karin , Rettenbacher Lukas , Weiss Lukas , Meyersburg Damian , Brandt Mathias‐Christoph , Hoppe Uta C. , Strohmer Bernhard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPatients with cardiac implantable electronic devices undergoing radiotherapy (RT) are prone to the risk of device failure. Guidelines and manufacturer's instructions are lacking practical recommendations for cumulative radiation doses to pacemakers or implantable cardioverter defibrillators. The present case demonstrates the effect of RT of a Merkel cell carcinoma near the location of a cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker. Despite guideline recommendations, surgical relocation or de novo implantation of the device on the contralateral side was avoided to prevent the dissemination of tumour cells, inflammation, and wound healing complications. A total dose of 47.25 Gy applied in very close proximity to the cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker was carried out safely without jeopardizing the patient and any device malfunction during and after treatment within >1.5 years of follow‐up period. The present case demonstrates that high‐dose RT near to a cardiac resynchronization therapy device can be carried out safely. Special precautions during RT as well as close device follow‐up interrogations are mandatory. Large‐scale studies are needed for the true frequency of adverse events.