bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a System Dynamics Model for Investigating Potential Levels of Antibiotics Pollution in the Volga River
Authors: Sverdrup Harald Ulrik , Frolova Liudmila L. , Sverdrup Anthoniy Elias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe have modelled the possible antibiotics concentrations at different nodes along the Volga River using a system dynamics model developed for the purpose. The antibiotics concentrations in the river estimated using the model are far above the proposed no effect concentrations (PNEC) limits suggested by the WHO and EU European Environmental Agency at 0.1 μg/l total antibiotics water content. Concentrations in the range of 0.1 to more than 4 μg/l have been simulated with the model. A part of this comes from use in the agricultural sector. The simulations were done with a system dynamics model built for the purpose. The Volga model simulations are uncertain because of lack of measurements in the river and lack of accurate estimates of antibiotics loads from medical and agricultural use. The picture is consistent with observations in earlier international studies from various rivers in the world. To comply with the suggested PNEC limit, the medical pollution to Volga needs to be reduced by 90%.
Enabling Virtual Radio Functions on Software Defined Radio for Future Wireless Networks
Authors: Liu Wei , Santos Joao F. , de Belt Jonathan van , Jiao Xianjun , Moerman Ingrid , Marquez-Barja Johann , DaSilva Luiz , Pollin Sofie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractToday’s wired networks have become highly flexible, thanks to the fact that an increasing number of functionalities are realized by software rather than dedicated hardware. This trend is still in its early stages for wireless networks, but it has the potential to improve the network’s flexibility and resource utilization regarding both the abundant computational resources and the scarce radio spectrum resources. In this work we provide an overview of the enabling technologies for network reconfiguration, such as Network Function Virtualization, Software Defined Networking, and Software Defined Radio. We review frequently used terminology such as softwarization, virtualization, and orchestration, and how these concepts apply to wireless networks. We introduce the concept of Virtual Radio Function, and illustrate how softwarized/virtualized radio functions can be placed and initialized at runtime, allowing radio access technologies and spectrum allocation schemes to be formed dynamically. Finally we focus on embedded Software-Defined Radio as an end device, and illustrate how to realize the placement, initialization and configuration of virtual radio functions on such kind of devices.
Effect of Pre-hydrolysis on Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Native Rye Starch
Authors: Strąk-Graczyk Ewelina , Balcerek Maria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe rising population and increasing demand for food place added pressure on the agricultural sector to maintain high process efficiency while implementing environmentally friendly methods. In this study, we investigate the effect of pre-hydrolysis of native rye starch and its influence on the yield of ethanol obtained by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) from high gravity rye mashes with 25% and 28% w w−1 dry matter content. Fermentation was carried out in a 3-day system at a temperature of 35 ± 1 °C using the dry distillery yeast Ethanol Red (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The characteristics of the tested raw material and changes in the native rye starch during enzymatic hydrolysis were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM images revealed characteristic changes on the surface of the starch, which was found to have a layered structure, as well as interesting behavior by the yeast during SSF when the glucose concentration in the environment was lowered. Both in the mashes with 25% and 28% w w−1 dry matter, starch pre-hydrolysis did not significantly increase either the initial amounts of sugars available to the yeast or the fermentation efficiency and ethanol yield in comparison to the mashes without this pre-treatment.
The Process of Science: A Critical Evaluation of more than 15 Years of Research on Self-Compassion with the Self-Compassion Scale
Authors: Muris Peter , Otgaar Henry 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Falsification is regarded as a cornerstone of science. Anomalous data—even when highly credible—do not always lead to an adjustment of theory. In this paper, we discuss reasons for why current theories are not modified despite a corpus of work falsifying (parts of) the theory, using the case of self-compassion as an example. During more than 15 years, this psychological construct has been heralded as a protective factor against stress and emotional adversity.

Methods
A search in the Web of Science database using [SELF-COMPASSION in title] as the search term was conducted and found empirical papers were critically evaluated.

Results
Good evidence abounds indicating that the theoretical definition of self-compassion is limited and that as a consequence its proper assessment with the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is obscured as the measure is contaminated by psychopathological characteristics. Surprisingly, few researchers take these critical notes into account when conducting and reporting new studies on this topic. We argue that this might be due to all kinds of (conscious and unconscious) tendencies and cognitive biases of researchers and clinicians.

Conclusion
Research lines are not always guided by solid data but strongly determined by social factors. We close by providing a recommendation for researchers regarding the assessment of self-compassion including the continued use of the SCS.
Effects of calcination temperature and time on the Ca3Co4O9 purity when synthesized using starch-assisted sol-gel combustion method
Authors: Mohammed M. A. , Uday M. B. , Izman S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCa3Co4O9 is a p-type semiconducting material that is well-known for its thermoelectric (TE), magnetic, electronic, and electro-optic properties. In this study, sol-gel autoignition was used to prepare Ca3Co4O9 at different calcination temperatures (773, 873, 973, and 1073 K) and time (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 h) using starch as a fuel. The phase and microstructure of the prepared Ca3Co4O9 powder were investigated. Thermogravimetry.differential thermal analysis (TGA) confirms that the final weight loss occurred at 1073 K to form Ca3Co4O9 stable powder. The variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM) images show that the size of powder particles increases from 1.15 to 1.47 μm as calcination time increases from 4 to 12 h, and the size remains almost constant thereafter. A similar pattern is also observed on the increment of the crystallite size and percentage of crystallinity with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The highest crystallinity is found about 92.9% when the powder was calcinated at 1073 K for 12 and 14 h with 458 and 460 Å crystallite size, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis demonstrates that the calcinated powder has a high intensity of Ca, Co, and O with uniform distribution. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images prove that there is no distinct lattice distortion defect on the crystal structure.
Resolved and unresolved bioethical authenticity problems
Authors: Ahlin Marceta Jesper 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRespect for autonomy is a central moral principle in bioethics. It is sometimes argued that authenticity, i.e., being “real,” “genuine,” “true to oneself,” or similar, is crucial to a person’s autonomy. Patients sometimes make what appears to be inauthentic decisions, such as when (decision-competent) anorexia nervosa patients refuse treatment to avoid gaining weight, despite that the risk of harm is very high. If such decisions are inauthentic, and therefore non-autonomous, it may be the case they should be overridden for paternalist reasons. However, it is not clear what justifies the judgment that someone or something is inauthentic. This article discusses one recent theory of what justifies judgments of inauthenticity. It is argued that the theory is seriously limited, as it only provides guidance in three out of nine identified cases. There are at least six authenticity-related problems to be solved, and autonomy theorists thus have reason to engage with the topic of authenticity in practical biomedicine.
Tropical diagrams of probability spaces
Authors: Matveev R. , Portegies J. W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAfter endowing the space of diagrams of probability spaces with an entropy distance, we study its large-scale geometry by identifying the asymptotic cone as a closed convex cone in a Banach space. We call this cone the tropical cone, and its elements tropical diagrams of probability spaces. Given that the tropical cone has a rich structure, while tropical diagrams are rather flexible objects, we expect the theory of tropical diagrams to be useful for information optimization problems in information theory and artificial intelligence. In a companion article, we give a first application to derive a statement about the entropic cone.
Natural Feature-based Visual Servoing for Grasping Target with an Aerial Manipulator
Authors: Luo Bin , Chen Haoyao , Quan Fengyu , Zhang Shiwu , Liu Yunhui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAerial transportation and manipulation have attracted increasing attention in the unmanned aerial vehicle field, and visual servoing methodology is widely used to achieve the autonomous aerial grasping of a target object. However, the existing marker-based solutions pose a challenge to the practical application of target grasping owing to the difficulty in attaching markers on targets. To address this problem, this study proposes a novel image-based visual servoing controller based on natural features instead of artificial markers. The natural features are extracted from the target images and further processed to provide servoing feature points. A six degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) aerial manipulator system is proposed with differential kinematics deduced to achieve aerial grasping. Furthermore, a controller is designed when the target object is outside a manipulator’s workspace by utilizing both the degrees-of-freedom of unmanned aerial vehicle and manipulator joints. Thereafter, a weight matrix is used as basis to develop a multi-tasking visual servoing framework to integrate the controllers inside and outside the manipulator’s workspace. Lastly, experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Incidental finding of a needle in the root of the mesentery of an 11- month-old boy
Authors: Kalagi Dana , AlFakhria Lama , AlTahhana Mays , AlKhamisyb Ayman , Habibb Zakaria , AlDekhail Wajeeh 
Published: April 2020

Foreign body (FB) ingestion is very common in the pediatric population. Children will have different presentations based on their age, size, type, and site of the ingested FB. Some children can present with serious complications, others can be completely asymptomatic.
An eleven-month-old male child, previously healthy, was following up with the family medicine department for a routine visit. A pelvic x-ray was done to rule out developmental dysplasia of the hip, and a needle was found incidentally in the small bowel loops. The child was completely asymptomatic. Daily radiographs were taken three days in a row and showed that the needle was still in place. The patient was then referred to the pediatric surgery department for laparoscopic exploration and removal of the needle before complications occur. During exploration, the needle was found at the root of the mesentery. The needle was taken out uneventfully without the evidence of perforation.
It is unusual to find a sharp FB located at the root of the mesentery in a completely asymptomatic infant as an incidental finding. Serial radiographic images after the initial presentation of foreign body ingestion is important to guide us through surgical intervention.
Les « lexiques médiévaux de la pensée économique »: Une histoire des mots du marché comme processus de domination et d’exclusion
Authors: Lenoble Clément , Toneatto Valentina 
Published: April 2020

RésumésCet article présente l’œuvre de Giacomo Todeschini, historien des « lexiques médiévaux de la pensée économique ». Les travaux de ce médiéviste italien portent sur la formation et la transmission des langages, des façons de parler et des expressions qui ont façonné le vocabulaire de l’économie et des sciences sociales, depuis l’Antiquité tardive jusqu’au début de l’époque moderne. Todeschini propose une nouvelle lecture des écrits scolastiques traitant de faits économiques. Son œuvre propose de reconsidérer le sens de ces textes, leurs rapports aux transformations économiques médiévales ainsi que leur place dans l’histoire de la pensée économique. L’histoire écrite par Todeschini n’est ni celle des origines du capitalisme et de la société de marché ni celle des rapports entre christianisme et économie. Il ne s’agit pas non plus d’une histoire de la pensée économique. Son analyse de la matérialité des lexiques transmis par le Moyen Âge à la science économique moderne permet, en revanche, de mieux saisir le sens de ceux-ci et de restituer les contextes dans lesquels ils se sont formés. Sa réflexion débouche à la fois sur une histoire du gouvernement et sur une histoire des discours justifiant les inégalités sociales et la domination, économique et politique, des grands marchands dans les cités italiennes. C’est pourquoi il est utile de lire aujourd’hui Todeschini à la lumière des discussions entre les historiens, les sociologues, les théologiens, les économistes et les philosophes qui ont élaboré, dans le cadre des débats autour des origines du capitalisme et des rapports entre économie et religion, les principales thèses auxquelles il s’oppose.
Aux origines des politiques compassionnelles: Émergence de la sensibilité envers les victimes de catastrophes à la fin du Moyen Âge
Authors: Labbé Thomas 
Published: April 2020

RésumésÀ partir d’une approche socio-anthropologique qui considère la mise en discours et la réaction aux événements extrêmes comme des constructions sociales largement déterminées par les affects partagés et valorisés au sein des sociétés touchées, cet article s’intéresse aux émotions suscitées par les catastrophes naturelles entre lexiiieet lexvie siècle. Alors que l’historiographie a plutôt analysé les discours de raison émis à l’encontre des catastrophes en soulignant la rupture constituée autour du tremblement de terre de Lisbonne (1755) par la sécularisation des interprétations, l’approche par les affects permet de mettre en évidence un autre tournant majeur dans la sensibilité occidentale. Les textes étudiés témoignent en effet de l’émergence d’une sensibilité à l’aspect « humanitaire » des catastrophes à partir de la moitié duxve siècle et surtout pendant lexvie siècle. Dans le cadre interprétatif qui reste celui de la rétribution des péchés, cette émergence traduit néanmoins un net changement de regard face à la souffrance sociale. Il s’illustre, d’une part, à travers l’expression de nouvelles émotions pour représenter la catastrophe. Au couple peur/émerveillement qui constitue la structure de narration médiévale, se substitue auxvie siècle le couple terreur/pitié. Les « désastres », terme nouveau qui accompagne cette évolution, sont dorénavant ressentis comme des tragédies. D’autre part, la théorie politique et les dispositifs de gouvernement s’adaptent à cette nouvelle construction affective, en intégrant dans leurs champs la prise en charge d’urgence des victimes de catastrophe. À un niveau plus général, l’article montre la construction d’une économie morale qui tend à valoriser la figure de la victime dans la perception de la réalité auxxveetxvie siècles et propose de voir dans cette rupture une racine des politiques compassionnelles modernes.
Applying the Haddon Matrix to Hospital Earthquake Preparedness and Response
Authors: Cole Gai , Rosenblum Andrew J. , Boston Megan , Barnett Daniel J. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTSince its 1960s origins, the Haddon matrix has served as a tool to understand and prevent diverse mechanisms of injuries and promote safety. Potential remains for broadened application and innovation of the matrix for disaster preparedness. Hospital functionality and efficiency are particularly important components of community vulnerability in developed and developing nations alike. Given the Haddon matrixʼs user-friendly approach to integrating current engineering concepts, behavioral sciences, and policy dimensions, we seek to apply it in the context of hospital earthquake preparedness and response. The matrixʼs framework lends itself to interdisciplinary planning and collaboration between social and physical sciences, paving the way for a systems-oriented reduction in vulnerabilities. Here, using an associative approach to integrate seemingly disparate social and physical science disciplines yields innovative insights about hospital disaster preparedness for earthquakes. We illustrate detailed examples of pre-event, event, and post-event engineering, behavioral science, and policy factors that hospital planners should evaluate given the complex nature, rapid onset, and broad variation in impact and outcomes of earthquakes. This novel contextual examination of the Haddon matrix can enhance critical infrastructure disaster preparedness across the epidemiologic triad, by integrating essential principles of behavioral sciences, policy, law, and engineering to earthquake preparedness.
Understanding antibiotic prophylaxis prescribing in pediatric surgical specialties
Authors: Malone Sara M. , Seigel Natalie S. , Newland Jason G. , Saito Jacqueline M. , McKay Virginia R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Overuse of antibiotics has caused secondary poor outcomes and has led to a current rate of antibiotic resistant infections that constitutes a public health crisis. In pediatric surgical specialties, children continue to receive unnecessary antibiotics.Objective:To understand the factors that contribute to pediatric surgeons’ decisions regarding the use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis.Methods:Focus groups included pediatric proceduralists/surgeons from the following specialties: interventional cardiology, otolaryngology, orthopedic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, and general surgery.Results:A total of 23 surgeons with a median of 9 years of experience (range, 0.5–29 years) participated in the focus groups that lasted 30–90 minutes each. Five themes emerged influencing beliefs about antibiotic prescribing practices: (1) reliance on previous experience and early education, (2) balancing antibiotic use with risk of infection, (3) uncertainty about the state of the scientific evidence, (4) understanding importance of communication and team collaboration, and (5) a prevalence of hospital-level concerns.Conclusions:Surgeons describe a complex set of factors that impact their antibiotic prescribing in pediatric surgical cases. They reported initial, but not ongoing, training and a use of individual weight of risk and benefit as a major dictator of prescribing practices. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should work with surgeons to develop acceptable implementation strategies to optimize antibiotic prescribing.
The smells we know and love: variation in codability and description strategy
Authors: POULTON THOMAS 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe English lexicon is quite impoverished in capturing the perceptual detail of odour qualities. To make up for the lack of smell vocabulary, speakers will often resort to source-based descriptions, a strategy that likens smells to real-world reference points, like ‘mint’. This study examines the instances when Australian English speakers use particular communicative strategies, to explore whether cultural or cognitive influences allow for the easier abstraction of odour qualities. This study combines (1) an odour description task, and (2) a similarity-based sorting task. The results of (1) show that the communicative preferences for describing smells are indeed reliant on source-based descriptions, and the results of (2) show that conceptualisation of odours is primarily based on hedonic valence, and secondarily on salient scents. By combining these results, I find that the communicative preferences vary depending on the conceptualisations of a scent. Scents judged as pleasant receive relatively more abstract descriptions, like ‘sweet’, and show a higher degree of agreement, and the source-based descriptions are particularly frequent among culturally salient scents.
Field distribution patterns of pests are asymmetrically affected by the presence of other herbivores
Authors: Paz Neto A. A. , Melo J. W. S. , Lima D. B. , Gondim Junior M. G. C. , Janssen A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBecause plant phenotypes can change in response to attacks by herbivores in highly variable ways, the distribution of herbivores depends on the occurrence of other herbivore species on the same plant. We carried out a field study to evaluate the co-occurrence of three coconut pests, the mitesAceria guerreronis(Acari: Eriophyidae),Steneotarsonemus concavuscutum(Acari: Tarsonemidae) and the mothAtheloca bondari(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The eriophyid miteAc. guerreronisis the most important coconut pest around the world, whereasS. concavuscutumandAt. bondariare economically important only in some areas along the Brazilian coast. A previous study suggested that the necrosis caused byAc. guerreronisfacilitates the infestation ofAt. bondarilarvae. Because all three species infest the area under the perianths on coconuts andS. concavuscutumalso causes necrosis that could facilitateAt. bondari, we evaluated the co-occurrence of all three species. We found that the occurrence ofAt. bondariwas positively associated withAc. guerreronis, but negatively associated withS. concavuscutum. In addition, the two mite species showed negative co-occurrence.Atheloca bondariwas found on nuts of all ages, but more on nuts that had fallen than on those on the trees, suggesting that nuts infested byAt. bondaritend to fall more frequently. We discuss the status ofAt. bondarias a pest and discuss experiments to test the causes of these co-occurrence patterns.
Robot magic show: human–robot interaction
Authors: Jeong Jaesik , Yang Jeehyun , Baltes Jacky 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The use of robots in performance arts is increasing. But, it is hard for robots to cope with unexpected circumstances during a performance, and it is almost impossible for robots to act fully autonomously in such situations. IROS-HAC is a new challenge in robotics research and a new opportunity for cross-disciplinary collaborative research. In this paper, we describe a practical method for generating different personalities of a robot entertainer. The personalities are created by selecting speech or gestures from a set of options. The selection uses roulette wheel selection to select answers that are more closely aligned with the desired personality. In particular, we focus on a robot magician, as a good magic show includes good interaction with the audience and it may also include other robots and performers. The magician with a variety of personalities increased the audience immersion and appreciation and maintained the audience’s interest. The magic show was awarded first prize in the competition for a comprehensive evaluation of technology, story, and performance. This paper contains both the research methodology and a critical evaluation of our research.