bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Most of the field/inductive substituent effect works through the bonds
Authors: Szatylowicz Halina , Jezuita Anna , Ejsmont Krzysztof , Krygowski Tadeusz M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn application of the quantum chemical modeling allowed to investigate the nature of the field/inductive substituent effect (SE). For this purpose, series of X-tert-butyl···tert-butane (TTX) complexes (where X = NMe2, NH2, OH, OMe, Me, H, F, Cl, CF3, CN, CHO, COMe, CONH2, COOH, NO2, NO) were studied. A starting distance between central carbon atoms in substituted and unsubstituted fragments of TTX, dC1–C4, was the same as the distance C1–C4 in X-substituted bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (BCO), where the SE acts both via bonds and via space. A strength of interaction between substituted and unsubstituted components of TTX was described by deformation and interaction energies. The substituent effect on electronic structure through the bonds and the space was characterized using charge of the substituent active region (cSAR) approach. The comparison of the SE characteristics obtained for alicyclic BCO and for TTX complexes document a significantly stronger field/inductive effect through bonds than through space.
Assessment of Dynamic Change of Coronary Artery Geometry and Its Relationship to Coronary Artery Disease, Based on Coronary CT Angiography
Authors: van Zandwijk Jordy K. , Tuncay Volkan , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Pelgrim Gert Jan , Slump Cornelis H. , Oudkerk Matthijs , van Ooijen Peter M. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo investigate the relationship between dynamic changes of coronary artery geometry and coronary artery disease (CAD) using computed tomography (CT). Seventy-one patients underwent coronary CT angiography with retrospective electrocardiographic gating. End-systolic (ES) and end-diastolic (ED) phases were automatically determined by dedicated software. Centerlines were extracted for the right and left coronary artery. Differences between ES and ED curvature and tortuosity were determined. Associations of change in geometrical parameters with plaque types and degree of stenosis were investigated using linear mixed models. The differences in number of inflection points were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Tests were done on artery and segment level. One hundred thirty-seven arteries (64.3%) and 456 (71.4%) segments were included. Curvature was significantly higher in ES than in ED phase for arteries (p= 0.002) and segments (p< 0.001). The difference was significant only at segment level for tortuosity (p= 0.005). Number of inflection points was significantly higher in ES phase on both artery and segment level (p< 0.001). No significant relationships were found between degree of stenosis and plaque types and dynamic change in geometrical parameters. Non-invasive imaging by cardiac CT can quantify change in geometrical parameters of the coronary arteries during the cardiac cycle. Dynamic change of vessel geometry through the cardiac cycle was not found to be related to the presence of CAD.
Asymptotic sojourn time analysis of finite-source M/M/1 retrial queueing system with collisions and server subject to breakdowns and repairs
Authors: Nazarov Anatoly , Sztrik János , Kvach Anna , Tóth Ádám 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to investigate the steady-state distribution of response and waiting time in a finite-sourceM / M / 1 retrial queuing system with collision of customers where the server is subjects to random breakdowns and repairs depending on whether it is idle or busy. An asymptotic method is applied under the condition that the number of sources tends to infinity, the primary request generation rate, retrial rate tend to zero while service rate, failure rates, repair rate are fixed. As the result of the analysis it is shown that the steady-state probability distribution of the number of transitions/retrials of the customer into the orbit is geometric with a given parameter, and the normalized sojourn time of the customer in the system follows a generalized exponential distribution. It is also proved that the limiting distributions of the normalized sojourn time of the customer in the system and the normalized sojourn/waiting time of the customer in the orbit coincide. The novelty of this investigation is the introduction of failure and repair of the server. Approximations of prelimit distributions obtained with the help of stochastic simulation by asymptotic one are considered and several illustrative examples show the accuracy and range of applicability of the proposed asymptotic method.
Higher Ethical Objective (Maqasid al-Shari’ah) Augmented Framework for Islamic Banks: Assessing Ethical Performance and Exploring Its Determinants
Authors: Mergaliyev Arman , Asutay Mehmet , Avdukic Alija , Karbhari Yusuf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study utilises higher objectives postulated in Islamic moral economy or themaqasid al-Shari’ahtheoretical framework’s novel approach in evaluating the ethical, social, environmental and financial performance of Islamic banks.Maqasid al-Shari’ahis interpreted as achieving social good as a consequence in addition to well-being and, hence, it goes beyond traditional (voluntary) social responsibility. This study also explores the major determinants that affectmaqasidperformance as expressed through disclosure analysis. By expanding the traditionalmaqasid al-Shari’ah,, we develop a comprehensive evaluation framework in the form of amaqasidindex, which is subjected to a rigorous disclosure analysis. Furthermore, in identifying the main determinants of themaqasiddisclosure performance, panel data analysis is used by including several key variables alongside political and socio-economic environment, ownership structures, and corporate andShari’ahgovernance-related factors. The sample includes 33 full-fledged Islamic banks from 12 countries for the period of 2008–2016. The findings show that although during the nine-year period the disclosure ofmaqasidperformance of the sampled Islamic banks has improved, this is still short of ‘best practices’. Through panel data analysis, this study finds that the Muslim population indicator, CEO duality,Shari’ahgovernance, and leverage variables positively impact the disclosure ofmaqasidperformance. However, the effect of GDP, financial development and human development index of the country, its political and civil rights, institutional ownership, and a higher share of independent directors have an overall negative impact on themaqasidperformance. The findings reported in this study identify complex and multi-faceted relations between external market realities, corporate andShari’ahgovernance mechanisms, andmaqasidperformance.
Escalation in conflict games: on beliefs and selection
Authors: Konrad Kai A. , Morath Florian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe study learning and selection and their implications for possible effort escalation in a simple game of dynamic property rights conflict: a multi-stage contest with random resolve. Accounting for the empirically well-documented heterogeneity of behavioral motives of players in such games turns the interaction into a dynamic game of incomplete information. In contrast to the standard benchmark with complete information, the perfect Bayesian equilibrium features social projection and type-dependent escalation of efforts caused by learning. A corresponding experimental setup provides evidence for type heterogeneity, for belief formation and updating, for self-selection and for escalation of efforts in later stages.
Preference-based interactive multi-document summarisation
Authors: Gao Yang , Meyer Christian M. , Gurevych Iryna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInteractive NLP is a promising paradigm to close the gap between automatic NLP systems and the human upper bound. Preference-based interactive learning has been successfully applied, but the existing methods require several thousand interaction rounds even in simulations with perfect user feedback. In this paper, we study preference-based interactive summarisation. To reduce the number of interaction rounds, we propose the Active Preference-based ReInforcement Learning (APRIL) framework. APRIL uses active learning to query the user, preference learning to learn a summary ranking function from the preferences, and neural Reinforcement learning to efficiently search for the (near-)optimal summary. Our results show that users can easily provide reliable preferences over summaries and that APRIL outperforms the state-of-the-art preference-based interactive method in both simulation and real-user experiments.
Schreibkompetenzen im Fach Englisch in der gymnasialen Oberstufe
Authors: Köller Olaf , Fleckenstein Johanna , Meyer Jennifer , Paeske Anna Lara , Krüger Maleika , Rupp Andre A. , Keller Stefan 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungProduktive Sprachkompetenzen im Fach Englisch sind bislang in Deutschland nur wenig untersucht worden. Daher wurden in der vorliegenden Untersuchung mit zwei Messzeitpunkten Kompetenzen im argumentativen und sachorientierten Schreiben von N = 838 Schülerinnen und Schülern in der 11. Jahrgangsstufe des achtjährigen Gymnasiums untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden rezeptive Kompetenzen (Hören und Lesen) berücksichtigt. Mit Blick auf die Ziele der gymnasialen Oberstufe (Erreichen des Niveaus B2 des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Referenzrahmens für Sprachen; GER) konnte gezeigt werden, dass bereits ein Jahr vor Erreichen des Abiturs rund 60 % der getesteten Schülerinnen und Schüler das Niveau B2 oder höher im Schreiben erreichten. Weiterhin belegen die Analysen signifikante Kompetenzzuwächse im Laufe eines Schuljahres und zeigen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Profilen (sprachlich vs. naturwissenschaftlich vs. gesellschaftswissenschaftlich vs. sonstige), die die Schülerinnen und Schüler in der gymnasialen Oberstufe belegt haben; hier zeigen Jugendliche in den Sprachprofilen signifikant höhere Leistungen. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Bezug auf normative Zielvorgaben der gymnasialen Oberstufe diskutiert.
Newly Emerging Geosites in the Polish Western Outer Carpathians as an Asset for Geoeducation and Geotourism
Authors: Głowacki Wiktor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study focuses on Flysch Carpathian river valleys recently reshaped by the fluvial erosion. Geological structures of these mountains are rather monotonous. However, numerous floods that occurred in recent decades and the abrasion of banks of water reservoirs have made many parts of valleys particularly interesting not only for geologists but also for tourists and for local people as a pleasant place for recreation. New outcrops of flysch sediments appear in different spatial and social contexts. On the basis fieldwork observations in years 2009–2018, four case studies of the newly emerging geosites in the Polish Flysch Carpathians are presented. In one case, few people seem to notice the new geosite. In two other cases, local communities have taken initiatives to use the newly emerging geosites for education. The fourth case is the walking path at the foothill of a rocky hill with the reconstructed medieval castle at the top. The owner of the castle arranged this path as an additional commercial attraction for visitors of the castle. The author analyses also possibilities of the formal protection of the newly emerging geosites within the existing Polish nature protection system. Finally lessons that can be learnt from these activities for other Carpathian communities are presented.
Occurrence and release of cadmium, chromium, and lead from stone coal combustion
Authors: Cui Wei , Meng Qingjun , Feng Qiyan , Zhou Lai , Cui Yahong , Li Wenbo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Stone coal, which has high ash yield, low carbon content, and low calorific value, releases toxic elements during the combustion process. In this study, samples were collected from an open-pit stone coal mine in the southern Shaanxi province, China. A simulated combustion experiment and sequential chemical extraction were applied to investigate the enrichment, occurrence, and release of Cr, Cd, and Pb in raw stone coal and ash. The contents of Cr, Cd, and Pb in raw stone coal were larger than those reported for other coals in China and worldwide. The enrichment factors of Cr, Cd, and Pb in ash at different temperatures exceeded 0.7, with the exception of Cd at 1000 °C. This indicates that Cr, Cd, and Pb were first enriched at low temperature (below 600 °C) and then volatilized at high temperature due to the decomposition of clay minerals. The dominant forms of toxic elements in raw stone coal were Fe–Mn-bound Cr and Cd and carbonates of Pb. As the temperature increased, the organic forms decreased obviously, and the residual forms increased; however, the Fe–Mn-bound forms remained the dominant forms of Cr, Cd, and Pb.
Scientific Reasoning Competencies: a Case of Preservice Teacher Education
Authors: Khan Samia , Krell Moritz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, we analysed the scientific reasoning competencies of preservice science teachers from a Canadian sample at the beginning and end of a science teacher education methods course. The course contained standard topics, such as the nature of science, assessment, and unit and lesson planning in science. The preservice science teachers were asked to reason about two types of problems in a validated pre- and post-questionnaire: investigatory-process problems and problems regarding modeling. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that the course significantly contributed to the development of preservice science teachers’ competencies for those who had two previous degrees compared with those that did not. Furthermore, a greater proportion of teachers were deemed highly competent at planning investigations and testing models than the more generative dimensions of scientific reasoning, such as formulating questions and generating hypotheses. Implications for science teacher education internationally and the movement towards competency-based curricula are put forward.
The impact of positive parenting behaviors and maternal depression on the features of young children's home language environments
Authors: TREAT Amy E. , SHEFFIELD MORRIS Amanda , HAYS-GRUDO Jennifer , WILLIAMSON Amy C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the associations between maternal depression when infants were 3 to 11 months old (M= 6 months), and positive parenting behaviors when children were between 12 and 22 months (M= 17 months) and the home language environment assessed when children were 18 to 28 months old (M= 23.5 months) in a sample of 29 low-income mother–child dyads. After controlling for maternal education, only teaching behaviors remained a moderate and significant predictor of adult word counts. Observed teaching behaviors significantly predicted conversational turns and marginally predicted child vocalizations; effects sizes were small. Encouraging behaviors were a small and significant predictor of conversational turns and a marginally significant predictor of adult word counts. Maternal depression was a moderate and significant predictor of children's vocal productivity scores and a small, marginal predictor of conversational turns. These findings have important implications for parenting and children's language outcomes.
More Than Half the Sky: Women and Urban Neighbourhood Workshops in China, 1958–1978
Authors: Lu Hanchao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFrom the Great Leap Forward (GLF) of 1958–1960 onwards, China's urban neighbourhood workshops and services mostly hired women. The GLF marked the beginning of a large-scale and irreversible trend towards near universal employment of women in China's cities. By the end of the Mao era, about 42 per cent of women working in industry were employed in “collectives” that were largely developed from urban neighbourhood industry. This article takes Shanghai as a case study to examine this type of employment for women in China. It documents the origin and development of the institution, explores the nuances of state–labour interactions at its site, and argues that as far as the enduring effects of women's participation in the workforce are concerned, the disastrous GLF was indeed the initiator and in this respect may well be seen as a blessing in disguise.
Chinese characters in the Spanish court: The Manila petition of 1598 to Philip II
Authors: CROSSLEY JOHN N. , WAH-CHEUNG LUN ANTHONY 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMost information concerning relations between Spain and China in the context of the early colonial Philippines comes from Spanish sources. In this paper we present a contribution from the Chinese. Soon after the Spaniards started settling Manila, the number of Chinese there started increasing rapidly. Relations between Chinese and Spanish were always fraught and the only protectors the Chinese had were the Dominican priests who ministered to them. In desperation they wrote a letter in Chinese to King Philip II, which was “translated” into Spanish. We do not know of any other letter document conceived in Chinese being sent to a king in this period. We present the powerful letter in English translation.
Probing the response of Deinococcus radiodurans exposed to simulated space conditions
Authors: Araujo Gabriel Guarany de , Rodrigues Fabio , Galante Douglas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe extremotolerant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is used as a model to explore the limits of life on Earth and beyond. In experiments performed in an ultra-high vacuum chamber with a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron beamline, this microorganism was exposed to conditions present on an extraterrestrial environment unprotected by an atmosphere, such as outside a spacecraft or on an asteroid, relevant in the context of planetary protection and panspermia hypothesis. Different methods were used to obtain the biologically relevant information from this investigation. Counting of colony forming units, the traditional approach for viability assessment, is limited to measuring the survival of the cells. For a more in-depth study of damage mechanisms at subcellular levels, specific molecular probes (propidium iodide and dihydrorhodamine 123) were applied and whole populations could be analysed, cell by cell, by flow cytometry. VUV radiation caused a substantial loss of viability, though only a fraction of the cells presented membrane damages even at the largest tested fluences. Additionally, intracellular oxidative stress was also detected upon exposure. These results point to significant VUV inactivating effects extending beyond the cells' outermost structures, in contrast to a more superficial role that could be expected due to the highly interacting nature of this radiation range. Nevertheless, it was observed that microscopic-level shading sufficed to allow the persistence of a small surviving subpopulation for the longer expositions. This study contributes to unveiling the response of biological systems under space conditions, assessing not just cell viability but also the mechanisms that lead to inactivation.
Unmet needs for treatment in 102 individuals with brief and limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS): implications for current clinical recommendations
Authors: Fusar-Poli Paolo , De Micheli Andrea , Chalambrides Monica , Singh Aoife , Augusto Castagnini , McGuire Philip 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
To investigate clinical outcomes and unmet needs in individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis presenting with Brief and Limited Intermittent Psychotic Symptoms (BLIPS).

Methods
Prospective naturalistic long-term (up to 9 years) cohort study in individuals meeting BLIPS criteria at the Outreach And Support In South-London (OASIS) up to April 2016. Baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, specific BLIPS features, preventive treatments received and clinical outcomes (psychotic and non-psychotic) were measured. Analyses included Kaplan Meier survival estimates and Cox regression methods.

Results
One hundred and two BLIPS individuals were followed up to 9 years. Across BLIPS cases, 35% had an abrupt onset; 32% were associated with acute stress, 45% with lifetime trauma and 20% with concurrent illicit substance use. The vast majority (80%) of BLIPS individuals, despite being systematically offered cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis, did not fully engage with it and did not receive the minimum effective dose. Only 3% of BLIPS individuals received the appropriate dose of cognitive behavioural therapy. At 4-year follow-up, 52% of the BLIPS individuals developed a psychotic disorder, 34% were admitted to hospital and 16% received a compulsory admission. At 3-year follow-up, 52% of them received an antipsychotic treatment; at 4-year follow-up, 26% of them received an antidepressant treatment. The presence of seriously disorganising and dangerous features was a strong poor prognostic factor.

Conclusions
BLIPS individuals display severe clinical outcomes beyond their very high risk of developing psychosis and show poor compliance with preventive cognitive behavioural therapy. BLIPS individuals have severe needs for treatment that are not met by current preventive strategies.
Hydrothermal Activity at the Ultraslow‐Spreading Mohns Ridge: New Insights From Near‐Seafloor Magnetics
Authors: Lim Anna , Brönner Marco , Johansen Ståle Emil , Dumais Marie‐Andrée 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHydrothermal circulation is a process fundamental to all types of mid‐ocean ridges that largely impacts the chemical and physical balance of the World Ocean. However, diversity of geological settings hosting hydrothermal fields complicates the exploration and requires thorough investigation of each individual case study before effective criteria can be established. Analysis of high‐resolution bathymetric and magnetic data, coupled with video and rock samples material, furthers our knowledge about mid‐ocean‐ridge‐hosted venting sites and aid in the interpretation of the interplay between magmatic and tectonic processes along the axial volcanic ridges. The rock‐magnetic data provide constraints on the interpretation of the observed contrasts in crustal magnetization. We map the areal extent of the previously discovered active basalt‐hosted Loki's Castle and inactive sediment‐hosted Mohn's Treasure massive sulfide deposits and infer their subsurface extent. Remarkably, extinct hydrothermal sites have enhanced magnetizations and display clear magnetic signatures allowing their confident identification and delineation. Identified magnetic signatures exert two new fossil hydrothermal deposits, MT‐2 and MT‐3. The Loki's Castle site coincides with negative magnetic anomaly observed in the 2‐D magnetic profile data crossing the deposit. First geophysical investigations in this area reveal the complexity of the geological setting and the variation of the physical properties in the subsurface.