bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching of Kinetically Relevant Reactants for the Aqueous Cathodic Process Determined by Mass‐transport Coupled with Protolysis
Authors: Shinagawa Tatsuya , Obata Keisuke , Takanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectrocatalytic energy conversion driven by renewably generated electricity is a key technology to achieve a sustainable society in the future, namely, CO2 reduction and hydrogen production. Despite increasing research efforts dedicated to these reactions, there is no consensus regarding the proton source directly participating in surface reactions under non‐acidic pH conditions: Free proton (H+) versus proton‐containing species (e. g., H2O, HxPO4x−3, HyCO3y−2). We herein addressed this issue by rigorously quantifying the diffusion flux and protolysis rate during the aqueous hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Our analysis revealed that there exists the linear free‐energy relationship (LFER) between the pKa and the rate of protolysis (HA→H++A−). Furthermore, the diffusion flux of the free proton as a consequence of the mass transport and protolysis failed to account for the typical current density of interest on the order of −10 mA cm−2 at non‐acidic pH levels when the Ka value and the molarity of the buffering species were low; e. g., <−0.1 mA cm−2 was attainable at pH >5 in 1.0 M KHCO3 (pKa=10.3). As a result, under such circumstance, the proton‐containing species is suggested to directly react on the surface during the cathodic electrocatalytic reactions.
The Aurivillius Compound CoBi2O2F4 – an Efficient Catalyst for Electrolytic Water Oxidation after Liquid Exfoliation
Authors: Yu Xiaowen , Mitoudi‐Vagourdi Eleni , Johnsson Mats 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInvestigation of new high‐efficiency catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is important for propelling the practical applications of water splitting. Here we report the Aurivillius compound CoBi2O2F4 to be a novel catalyst for catalytic OER. After liquid exfoliation of CoBi2O2F4 crystals in isopropanol, the resulting thin sheets deliver a low overpotential of 334 mV and a small Tafel slope of 47 mV dec−1 for catalytic OER, exhibiting substantially higher activity and faster kinetics compared with as‐synthesized crystals. This attributes to the increase in accessible surface area and dangling bonds on the edges providing more active sites exposed on the surface after exfoliation. The positive effects of F− anions to benefit OH− adsorption/combination and p‐block Bi3+ cations to direct reactants to preferred sites are proposed to synergistically improve the Co‐active centers for catalysis; based on this, the OER reaction mechanism on this new catalyst is discussed.
Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Semiconductors for Photocatalysis in Energy and Environment Applications
Authors: Hu Sujuan , Zhu Mingshan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe search for highly active photocatalysts remains one of the most challenging tasks for realizing efficient solar energy utilization. Inspired by their unique and excellent physicochemical properties, ultrathin two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors present great advantages in photocatalytic researches. In this review, we summarize the state‐of‐art progress on the ultrathin 2D semiconductors with a particular emphasis on their recent advances in energy and environment applications. First, we introduce the historical developments of 2D nanomaterials, and outline their advantages in terms of photocatalysis. Second, the classifications of ultrathin 2D semiconductors are summarized based on their structure and compositions. Further, various energy and environment applications including water splitting, CO2 reduction, N2 fixation, organic syntheses, NOx removal, water treatment, and sterilization in recent years (mainly in the recent 3 years) are highlighted in detail. Finally, the personal perspectives on future challenges and outlooks in the field of energy and environment applications are featured.
Post‐installed mechanical fasteners in high strength and ultra‐high strength performance concrete
Authors: Schwenn Michael , Voit Klaus , Zeman Oliver , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPost‐installed fastening systems are essential in structural engineering nowadays. Triggered by the increasing popularity of high strength concrete (HSC) and ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC), fastening in these basements is more and more frequently applied. This inevitably leads to the question of the applicability of conventional fastening systems and the corresponding design concepts with concrete showing a compressive strength of up to 200 N/mm2. According to EAD 330232‐00‐0601, mechanical fasteners have to be placed in predrilled holes in compacted reinforced or unreinforced concrete without fibers with strength classes in the range of C20/25 to C50/60 in compliance with EN 206. This means that concrete strength class C50/60 also provides the reference for higher concrete strength; the impact of fibers and accompanying increase of concrete ductility is also excluded. Within the framework of this contribution it is intended to analyze the following aspects: (a) proof of applicability of various fastening systems in unreinforced and fiber‐reinforced high strength concrete via experimental investigations and (b) making a statement regarding the currently valid European Assessment Document and provide experimental background for this issue.
Hollow Nanotube Ru/Cu2+1O Supported on Copper Foam as a Bifunctional Catalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Gao Jing , Yang Liu , Wang Di , Cao Dapeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHydrogen energy is considered as one of the ideal clean energies for solving the energy shortage and environmental issues, and developing highly efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting to produce hydrogen is still a huge challenge. Herein, for the first time, Ru‐doped Cu2+1O vertically arranged nanotube arrays in situ grown on Cu foam (Ru/Cu2+1O NT/CuF) are reported and further investigated for their catalytic properties for overall water splitting. The Ru/Cu2+1O NT/CuF presents ultrahigh catalytic activities for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline conditions, and it exhibits a small overpotential of 32 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in the HER, and only needs 210 mV overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in the OER. Importantly, the alkaline electrolyzer using Ru/Cu2+1O NT/CuF as a bifunctional electrocatalyst only needs 1.53 V voltage to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is much lower than the benchmark of IrO2(+)/Pt(−) counterpart (1.64 V at 10 mA cm−2). The excellent performance of the Ru/Cu2+1O NT/CuF catalyst is attributed to its high conductive substrate and special Ru‐doped nanotube structure, which provides a high electrochemical active surface area and 3D gas diffusion channel.
Highly Chemoselective gem‐Difluoropropargylation of Aliphatic Alcohols
Authors: Okamura Toshitaka , Egoshi Syusuke , Dodo Kosuke , Sodeoka Mikiko , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu , Kanoh Naoki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite the potential of α‐fluoroethers in medicinal chemistry, their synthetic methods, especially etherification of aliphatic alcohols, have been limited. Herein, we developed two‐ and three‐step gem‐difluoropropargylation of aliphatic alcohols including amino acid derivatives and naturally occurring bioactive molecules. Highly chemoselective etherification proceeded by using the gem‐difluoropropargyl bromide dicobalt complex in the presence of silver triflate and triethylamine. Decomplexation of dicobalt complexes was achieved by using cerium ammonium nitrate or N,N,N′‐trimethylethylenediamine. The thus obtained gem‐difluoropropargyl ethers were converted to various α‐difluoroethers which are expected to be useful for medicinal chemistry.
Gleaming Uranium: An Emerging Emitter for Building X‐ray Scintillators
Authors: Wang Yumin , Yin Xuemiao , Chen Junfeng , Wang Yaxing , Chai Zhifang , Wang Shuao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractScintillators are a unique class of luminescent materials with specific applications towards radiation detection. The emitters within state‐of‐the‐art scintillators are mostly limited to bismuth, cerium, europium, thallium, lead, tungsten, etc. A shared feature of these elements is the relatively high atomic number, which is responsible for high radiation stopping power and radiation‐induced luminescence. Searching for new scintillating materials is an essential target aiming at specific applications. In this Concept article, we will discuss our recent works on the topic of “uranyl‐bearing scintillators”. As a virgin territory in this field, uranyl‐bearing scintillators show intrinsic merits for designing new materials with X‐ray detection capability, that is, the large photoelectric cross‐section, high X‐ray attenuation efficiency, and high crystal density. In addition, we also present challenges in the further development of the uranyl‐bearing scintillators.
A novel chiral inorganic mesoporous silica used as a stationary phase in GC
Authors: He Yu‐Yu , Zhang Jun‐Hui , Pu Qing , Xie Sheng‐Ming , Li Yan‐Xia , Luo Lan , Chen Xue‐Xian , Yuan Li‐Ming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChiral mesoporous silica (CMS) has attracted widespread attention because of some unique properties, such as high surface area, uniformly structured nanoscale cavities, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. In this work, we report the utilization of a CMS as the stationary phase for the separation of racemates in gas chromatography (GC). A CMS‐coated capillary column was fabricated by a dynamic coating method. Eighteen racemates belonging to different classes of organic compounds were separated on this column, including chiral alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, halohydrocarbons, alkenes, alcohol amines, epoxides, and amino acid derivatives. In addition, linear alkanes, alcohols, and aromatic hydrocarbons have also been resolved.
Perfektes Zusammenwirken
Authors: Bucher Klaus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDas Einbringen pulverförmiger Zellulose in Flüssigkeit zum Ansetzen einer Filterschicht für hohe Filterqualität ist nur mit Einhaltung aller Vorschriften zur Gefahrenabwehr von möglichen Zünd‐ und Explosionsereignissen zu vollziehen. Der Filterspezialist Leiblein, Hardheim, marktführend mit mechanischen Filtereinrichtungen für Prozesswasser, bringt als neues Anlagenprodukt eine Dosierstation für Zellulose, Atex geprüft, auf den Markt.
3.000 Wege zur Trennung
Authors: Anlauf Harald 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDie Verfahren und Apparate zur mechanischen Flüssigkeitsabtrennung werden permanent weiter‐ oder gar neu entwickelt. Neue Erkenntnisse aus der Forschung fließen in die Apparatekonstruktion ein. Neue Werkstoffe und Fertigungstechniken, wie etwa der 3D‐Druck werden genutzt. Moderne Sensor‐ und Datenübertragungstechnik ermöglicht die Fernüberwachung und ‐diagnose von Trennapparaten. Fortschritte in der numerischen Simulation und bei der Digitalisierung zeigen ganz neue Möglichkeiten auf.
The role of vimentin in directional migration of rat fibroblasts
Authors: Vakhrusheva Anna , Endzhievskaya Sofia , Zhuikov Vsevolod , Nekrasova Tatyana , Parshina Evgenia , Ovsiannikova Natalia , Popov Vladimir , Bagrov Dmitry , Minin Alexander А. , Sokolova Olga S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCell migration is one of the most important processes in which the cytoskeleton plays a main role. The cytoskeleton network is formed by tubulin microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments (IFs). While the structure and functions of the two aforementioned proteins have been extensively investigated during the last decades, vimentin IFs structure and their role in cell migration and adhesion remain unclear. Here, we investigated polarity determination in rat fibroblasts with either a knocked out vim gene or with a mutation that blocks filament formation on the stage of unit‐length filaments (ULFs). Structured illumination microscopy has demonstrated the difference in the morphology of IFs in wild‐type fibroblasts and of ULFs in mutant fibroblasts. We have developed an approach to measure cell stiffness separately on the trailing and leading edges using atomic force microscopy. Young's modulus values on the leading and trailing edge of migrating rat fibroblasts differ approximately by two times, being larger on the leading edge. The knockout of the vim gene leads to having comparable values of Young's moduli on both edges. Vimentin‐null cells change the direction of migration more frequently than those expressing wild‐type or mutated vimentin. Our results have shown the principle role of vimentin, not only in the form of IFs, but also as ULFs, in the determination of the polarity and the directionality of fibroblast migration.
Blinatumomab compared with standard of care for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed/refractory Philadelphia chromosome–positive B‐precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Rambaldi Alessandro , Ribera Josep‐Maria , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Dombret Hervé , Ottmann Oliver G. , Stein Anthony S. , Tuglus Catherine A. , Zhao Xiaoyue , Kim Christopher , Martinelli Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundA single‐arm, phase 2 trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of blinatumomab, a bispecific T‐cell–engaging antibody construct, in patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a rare hematologic malignancy with limited treatment options. This study compared outcomes with blinatumomab with those of a historical control treated with the standard of care (SOC).MethodsThe blinatumomab trial enrolled adult patients with Ph+ ALL who were r/r to at least 1 second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (n = 45). Propensity score analysis (PSA) was used to compare outcomes with blinatumomab with those of an external cohort of similar patients receiving SOC chemotherapy (n = 55). The PSA mitigated confounding variables between studies by adjusting for imbalances in the age at diagnosis and start of treatment, sex, duration from diagnosis to most recent treatment, prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, prior salvage therapy, and number of salvage therapies. Bayesian data augmentation was applied to improve power to 80% with data from a phase 3 blinatumomab study in r/r Philadelphia chromosome–negative ALL.ResultsIn the PSA, the rate of complete remission or complete remission with partial hematologic recovery was 36% for blinatumomab and 25% for SOC, and this resulted in an odds ratio of 1.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61‐3.89) or 1.70 (95% credible interval [CrI], 0.94‐2.94) with Bayesian data augmentation. Overall survival favored blinatumomab over SOC, with a hazard ratio of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.57‐1.14) or 0.77 (95% CrI, 0.61‐0.96) with Bayesian data augmentation.ConclusionsThese results further support blinatumomab as a treatment option for patients with r/r Ph+ ALL.
Controlling the Formation of Peptide Films: Fully Developed Helical Peptides are Required to Obtain a Homogenous Coating over a Large Area
Authors: De Zotti Marta , Corvi Gabriele , Gatto Emanuela , Di Napoli Benedetta , Mazzuca Claudia , Palleschi Antonio , Placidi Ernesto , Biondi Barbara , Crisma Marco , Formaggio Fernando , Toniolo Claudio , Venanzi Mariano 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe influence of conformational dynamics on the self‐assembly process of a conformationally constrained analogue of the natural antimicrobial peptide Trichogin GA IV was analysed by spectroscopic methods, microscopy imaging at nanometre resolution, and molecular dynamics simulations. The formation of peptide films at the air/water interface and their deposition on a graphite or a mica substrate were investigated. A combination of experimental evidence with molecular dynamics simulation was used to demonstrate that only the fully developed helical structure of the analogue promotes formation of ordered aggregates that nucleate the growth of micrometric rods, which give rise to homogenous coating over wide regions of the hydrophilic mica. This work proves the influence of helix flexibility on peptide self‐organization and orientation on surfaces, key steps in the design of bioinspired organic/inorganic hybrid materials.
A Family of Heterocyclic Naphthalene Diimide (NDI) Analogues: Comparing Parent Isoquinoline Diimides and Phthalazine Diimides with NDI
Authors: Insuasty Alberto , Carrara Serena , Tang Linjing , Forsyth Craig , Hogan Conor F. , McNeill Christopher R. , Langford Steven J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractParent isoquinoline diimide (IQDI) and phthalazine diimide (PTDI), as two new heterocyclic analogues of naphthalene diimides (NDIs), have been synthesized through an oxidative strategy in 35–79 % yield. X‐ray crystallography has been used to support the formation of IQDI, which also show fluorescence quantum yields of 3.5 %. The electrochemical and electrical properties of these molecules have been studied. The electrochemical results show an interesting trend in first reduction potential PTDI<IQDI<NDI and 0.1 eV changes in the optical band gap (Eg) leading to the trend IQDI<NDI<PTDI, as supported by DFT calculations. While initial top gate OFET devices yield charge mobilities less than NDIs, the basis of this study intimates that IQDIs and PTDIs hold promise for applications commensurate with NDIs.
Redefining Blood Pressure Assessment — The Role of the Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Study for Drug Safety
Authors: Garnett Christine , Johannesen Lars , McDowell Tzu‐Yun 
Published: October 2019

According to models developed from large epidemiological studies, mean increases in systolic blood pressure of 2–3 mmHg can increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) adverse events, especially in patients with a high risk for CV disease. There are new regulatory recommendations for the use of a safety ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) study to assess the blood pressure (BP) effects of drugs used chronically. The ABPM study collects BP measurements over 24 hours at baseline and during treatment in patients with underlying CV risk. Our evaluation of ABPM studies submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) shows these studies can provide precise estimates of BP changes and lack a pronounced placebo response. With the assessment of BP effects in development programs, opportunities exist for developing quantitative safety models to predict CV risk, support dose selection, identify patients with increased BP response, and provide insight into underlying mechanisms.
Enhanced Kinetics over VS4 Microspheres with Multidimensional Na+ Transfer Channels for High‐Rate Na‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Li Wenbin , Huang Jianfeng , Li Ruizi , Cao Liyun , Li Xifei , Chen Shaoyi , Feng Liangliang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDeveloping 3 D self‐assembled nanoarchitectures with well‐defined crystal structures is an effective strategy to enhance the electrochemical performances of electrode materials. (1 1 0)‐oriented and bridged‐nanoblocks self‐assembled VS4 microspheres are controllably synthesized by a facile one‐step hydrothermal method. The (1 1 0)‐bridged structure sets up open pathways for Na+ diffusion among nanoblocks, and the (1 1 0)‐oriented structure provides unobstructed pathways for Na+ diffusion in the nanoblocks, which collectively constructs multidimensional Na+ transfer channels in the VS4 microspheres, promoting the electrochemical kinetics. As an anode for Na‐ion batteries (SIBs), this material exhibits pseudocapacitive Na+ storage and excellent rate capability, delivering high capacities of 339 and 270 mAh g−1 at rates of 0.1 and 2.0 A g−1, respectively, with a capacity retention of 79 % in the voltage window of 0.5–3.0 V. In particular, the reversible capacity reaches 575 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles even at 1.0 A g−1 in the voltage window of 0.05–3.0 V, outperforming those of the ever‐reported VS4‐based anode materials. This work presents an effective strategy to the exploration and design of high‐performance anodes for SIBs.
Accounting for heterogeneity in false‐positive detection rate in southeastern beach mouse habitat occupancy models
Authors: Stolen Eric D. , Oddy Donna M. , Gann Shanon L. , Holloway‐Adkins Karen G. , Legare Stephanie A. , Weiss Stephanie K. , Breininger David R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHabitat occupancy models, designed to deal with non‐detection of a target species in occupied sites, have been expanded to allow for false‐positive detections when species are mistakenly detected in unoccupied sites. When a subset of the data are unambiguous detections, such occupancy models can produce reliable results. However, if not properly accounted for, heterogeneity in the rate of false‐positive detection between sites may bias estimates of habitat occupancy. We studied habitat occupancy of the southeastern beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris), a species along Florida's Atlantic coast that is threatened due to the reduction of its core range by over 79% since 1950. Southeastern beach mice were detected based on their footprints in track tubes, but because of co‐occurrence of the cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus) with overlapping footprint size, we had to allow for possible false‐positive detections. Differences in the relative abundance of these two species between habitats may have resulted in heterogeneity in the false‐positive rate. By combining uncertain (track tube) and certain (live capture) detection methods, we were able to use covariates to account for heterogeneity in false‐positive detection rates between habitats. Southeastern beach mouse habitat occupancy was higher in coastal dune and strand habitat than in coastal scrub or interior scrub habitats. The rate of false‐positive detections was much higher in coastal scrub habitat than in coastal dune and strand habitat or interior scrub habitat, reinforcing the need for methods that accommodate heterogeneity in the rate of false positives to reduce bias in estimates of habitat occupancy. Using simulations, we show that heterogeneity in the false‐positive detection rate leads to bias in habitat occupancy estimates unless properly accounted for. We also discuss how differences in relative abundance between the target species and a confusing species can directly impact the heterogeneity of false‐positive detections.
Effect of pretreatment and low‐temperature low humidity drying on quality characteristics of coriander foliage
Authors: Priyadarshi Siddharth , Ramakrishna Chetana , Cheluvadasaiah Roopavathi , Naidu Madeneni Madhava 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPretreatment followed by low‐temperature low humidity drying was explored for efficient dehydration of coriander foliage to retain its quality characteristics. Newton, Page, Handerson & Pabis, Logarithmic & Midilli and Kucuk models were used to study the drying kinetics. Hygienic shelf‐stable green dried coriander foliage (HSSGDCF) obtained was evaluated for their flavour, physico‐chemical, microbial and sensory qualities during storage at ambient (65% RH, 27 ± 1°C) and accelerated (92% RH, 37 ± 1°C) conditions for 90 days. Logarithmic model with higher (R2 = 0.9997) and lower root mean square error value (0.0050) showed the best‐fitted model. Major volatiles identified in HSSGDCF were decanal (5.103%), 2‐decenal (10.021%), dodecanal (7.314%), 2‐dodecenal (7.684%), tetradecanal (8.509%), 13‐tetradecenal (19.393%) and decanoic acid decyl ester (6.051%). Degradation of chlorophyll, carotenoid and colour values were higher at 37 ± 1°C during storage. HSSGDCF was found to be microbiologically safe and sensorily acceptable at the end of 90 days at 27 ± 1°C.