bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the prevalence of gaming disorder and internet gaming disorder: a rapid scoping review
Authors: Darvesh Nazia , Radhakrishnan Amruta , Lachance Chantelle C , Nincic Vera , Sharpe Jane P , Ghassemi Marco , Straus Sharon E , Tricco Andrea C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : Internet gaming disorder (IGD) was included in the DSM-5 in 2013 as a condition requiring further research, and gaming disorder (GD) was included in the ICD-11 in 2018. Given the importance of including these conditions in diagnostic guidelines, a review was conducted to describe their prevalence.
Methods : Using guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), we conducted a rapid scoping review. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane library were searched for literature published from inception to July 2018. All review stages were pilot tested to calibrate reviewers. The titles/abstracts and full-text articles were screened by one reviewer to include quantitative primary studies that reported GD or IGD prevalence. Excluded citations were screened by a second reviewer to confirm exclusion. Charting was conducted by one reviewer and verified by another, to capture relevant data. Results were summarized descriptively in tables or text.
Results : We assessed 5550 potentially relevant citations. No studies on GD were identified. We found 160 studies of various designs that used 35 different methods to diagnose IGD. Prevalence of IGD ranged from 0.21-57.50% in general populations, 3.20-91.00% in clinical populations, and 50.42-79.25% in populations undergoing intervention (severe cases). Most studies were conducted in the Republic of Korea (n=45), China (n=29), and the United States of America (n=20). Results are presented for severe IGD and by geographic region, gender/sex, and age groups (child, adolescent, adult). The five most frequently reported health-related variables were depression (67 times), internet addiction (54 times), anxiety (48 times), impulsiveness (37 times), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (24 times).
Conclusions : Due to the variability in diagnostic approaches, knowledge users should interpret the wide IGD prevalence ranges with caution. In addition to further research on GD, consensus on the definition of IGD and how it is measured is needed, to better understand the prevalence of these conditions.
Protocol registration : Open Science Framework https://osf.io/y2sr6/ , August 21 2018.
A study on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in the chloroformic and methanolic extracts of 6 important medicinal plants collected from north of Iran
Authors: Ghahari Somayeh , Hadadi Zahra , Nematzadeh Ghorban Ali 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The plant essential oils and extracts are possible sources of natural bioactive molecules and have been selected globally for new antimicrobial compounds, food preservatives, and alternatives to treat infectious disease. Methods In this research, antimicrobial activities of chloroformic and methanolic extracts of Sophora flavescens , Rhaponticum repens , Alhagi maurorum , Melia azedarach , Peganum harmala , and Juncus conglomeratus were evaluated against 8 bacteria ( S. aureus , B. subtilis , R. toxicus , P. aeruginosa , E. coli , P. syringae , X. campestris , P. viridiflava ) and 3 fungi ( Pyricularia oryzae , Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea ) through disc diffusion method. Furthermore, the essential oil of plants with the highest antibacterial activity was analyzed utilizing GC/MS. Moreover, tested plants were exposed to screening for possible antioxidant effect utilizing DPPH test, guaiacol peroxidas, and catalase enzymes. Besides, the amount of total phenol and flavonoid of these plants was measured. Results Among tested plants, methanolic and chloroformic extracts of P. harmala fruits showed the highest antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. Also, the investigation of free radical scavenging effects of the tested plants indicated the highest DPPH, protein, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase in P. harmala , M. azedarach , J. conglomeratus fruits, and J. conglomeratus fruits, respectively. In addition, the phytochemical analysis demonstrated the greatest amounts of total phenolic, and flavonoid compositions in J. conglomeratus and P. harmala . Conclusion The results indicated that these plants can act as a promising antimicrobial agent due to its short killing time.
Modeling a reliable and valid framework for building and measuring the health system workforce’s competence to lead, manage and govern in Ethiopia: Factor analysis approach
Authors: Ambelie Yeshambel Agumas , Alene Getu Degu , Gebrekiros Damen Hailemariam 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to model a reliable and valid framework for building and measuring health system workforce’s competence to lead, manage and govern. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three zones of Amhara regional state, northwest Ethiopia. Eight-hundred-thirteen participants were recruited from 32 health facilities. The data were collected using a structured self-rated questionnaire that comprised 26, five-point Likert scale, items. Data analysis techniques such as factor analysis, composite reliability and average variance extraction were applied. Factor analysis was unlocked to assemble the relationship among latent factors extracted, items rated and error variances observed. Latent factors were extracted using Eigenvalue greater than 1 as a cut of point. To make latent factors more meaningful, they were labeled considering the contents of the items clustered within them. Meanwhile, a framework for building and measuring competence to lead, manage and govern was modeled by assembling latent factors labeled, items rated and error variances observed. Reliability and validity of the framework were tested using composite reliability and average variance extraction analyses respectively. Four-factor framework for building and measuring the health system workforce’s competence to lead, manage and govern was modeled. The four latent factors extracted were labeled as compliance with principles, strategic sensitivity, system building, and contextual thoughtfulness. These factors explained 68.434% of the total variability. Composite reliability and average variance extraction for all factors were .807 and greater, and .512 and greater, respectively. Compliance with principles, strategic sensitivity, system building, and contextual thoughtfulness are dimensions that affect competence to lead, manage and govern, which, in turn, influence the health system performance and health outcomes. This model has implications for training, evaluation, and research.
Long-term safety and tolerability of atabecestat (JNJ-54861911), an oral BACE1 inhibitor, in early Alzheimer's disease spectrum patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and a two-period extension study
Authors: Novak Gerald , Streffer Johannes Rolf , Timmers Maarten , Henley David , Brashear H Robert , Bogert Jennifer , Russu Alberto , Janssens Luc , Tesseur Ina , Tritsmans Luc , Nueten Luc Van , Engelborghs Sebastiaan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background

Atabecestat, a potent brain-penetrable inhibitor of BACE1 activity that reduces CSF amyloid beta (Aβ), was developed for oral treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

The long-term safety and effect of atabecestat on cognitive performance in participants with predementia AD in two phase 2 studies were assessed.

Methods

In the placebo-controlled double-blind parent ALZ2002 study, participants aged 50 to 85 years were randomized (1:1:1) to placebo or atabecestat 10 or 50 mg once-daily (later reduced to 5 and 25 mg) for six months. Participants entered ALZ2004, a 12-month-treatment extension with placebo or atabecestat 10 or 25 mg, followed by an open-label phase. Safety, changes in CSF biomarker levels, brain volume, and effects on cognitive performance were assessed.

Results

Of 114 participants randomized in ALZ2002, 99 (87%) completed, 90 entered the ALZ2004 double-blind phase, and 77 progressed to open-label phase. CSF Aβ fragments and sAPPβ were reduced dose-proportionately. Decreases in whole brain and hippocampal volumes were greater in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD, but without apparent relation to treatment. In ALZ2004, change from baseline in RBANS suggested a trend toward worse scores for atabecestat versus placebo. Elevated liver enzyme adverse events reported in 12 participants on atabecestat resulted in dosage modification and increased frequency of safety monitoring. Treatment discontinuation normalized ALT or AST in all except one with pretreatment elevation, which remained mildly elevated. No case met ALT/AST >3X ULN; total bilirubin >2X ULN (Hy’s law).

Conclusion

Atabecestat was associated with trend toward declines in cognition, and elevation of liver enzymes.
Effect of a Calcium-Enriched Lemon Beverage on Bone Metabolism and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Double-Blind, 11-Month, Intervention Study
Authors: Ikeda Hiromi , Iida Tadayuki , Hiramitsu Masanori , Inoue Takashi , Aoi Satomi , Kanazashi Miho , Ishizaki Fumiko , Harada Toshihide 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Key approaches to preventing the onset of osteoporosis are to maximize peak bone mass (PBM) in early adulthood and to minimize the inevitable loss of bone mineral density (BMD) after menopause. Consequently, osteoporosis attracts a great deal of social as well as medical attention in Japan, a country experiencing population aging. Methods The present randomized, controlled study aimed to elucidate how bone metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) are affected by the consumption of a lemon juice-containing, calcium-enriched beverage. The effectiveness of this investigational product was evaluated in 79 postmenopausal women. The subjects were assigned to three groups. The first two groups received calcium-supplemented (LECA group) and unsupplemented lemon (LE group) beverages, respectively. The third group (control) received no intervention. The LECA and LE groups consumed one bottle (290 ml) of the appropriate investigational product every day for 11 consecutive months. Results The results showed that the regular consumption of this lemon beverage promoted Ca absorption through the chelating function of citric acid, attenuating bone resorption. The results also suggest that the suppression of bone resorption inhibits bone formation mediated by the differentiation and activity of osteoblasts and leads to the prevention of high-turnover bone metabolism. Conclusion This hypothesis is further supported by the novel finding that the regular consumption of the lemon beverage increases the BMD of both the lumbar spine and femur. We believe that the Ca-supplemented lemon beverage used in the present study will be instrumental in developing effective strategies for the prevention of osteoporosis.
Uric acid levels are critical for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Chao Guanqun , Zhu Yue , Fang Lizheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: To clarify the risk factors associated with NAFLD and further clarify the correlation between uric acid level and NAFLD by analyzing the correlation between NAFLD and different metabolic factors.Methods: Datas were obtained from subjects who underwent health examination in the Health promotion centre of Sir Run Run Shaw hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2016 to December 2017.The diagnosis of NAFLD was according to the clinical diagnosis of the Guidelines.Statistical analyses were performed using R software.Results: 79492 subjects were analyzed. 56680(71.3%) participants did not have NAFLD, 22812(28.7%) participants had NAFLD. Male, age, BMI, high blood pressure, central obesity, high glycosylated hemoglobin, high serum uric acid, high triglyceride, high total cholesterol, high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), abnormal liver function were risk factors of NAFLD, however, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was another risk factor of NAFLD.OR value suggested serum uric acid was a robust risk factor for NAFLD in all subgroups.In male group, AUC was 0.656 (95%CI: 0.651-0.661), the optimal diagnostic threshold was 395.5 mol/L, the sensitivity was 61.9%, the specificity was 61.1%, and the yoden index was 0.23. In female group, AUC was 0.716 (95%CI: 0.708-0.724), the optimal diagnostic threshold was 294.5 mol/L, sensitivity was 67.7%, specificity was 64.5%, and the Jordan index was 0.32.Conclusions: Our study suggested that there was a close correlation between serum uric acid level and NAFLD.Uric acid levels was a key risk factor for NAFLD.The diagnosis of fatty liver in patients can be preliminarily determined by detecting uric acid level.Contributions to the literature：1. The purpose of this study was to clarify the risk factors associated with NAFLD and further clarify the correlation between uric acid level and NAFLD by analyzing the correlation between NAFLD and different metabolic factors in the physical examination population.2. There was a close correlation between serum uric acid level and NAFLD.Uric acid levels was a key risk factor for NAFLD.3. The diagnosis of fatty liver in patients can be preliminarily determined by detecting uric acid level.
“It is good, but I can’t afford it…” potential barriers to adequate prenatal care among Afghan women in Iran: a qualitative study in south Tehran
Authors: Dadras Omid , Taghizade Ziba , Dadras Fateme , Alizade Leyla , Seyedalinaghi Seyedahmad , Ono-Kihara Masako , Kihara Masahiro , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: An estimated 96% of registered refugees in Iran are Afghan. Almost half of them are young women at the reproductive age. The adequate maternity care is crucial for healthy pregnancy. There is limited knowledge regarding the access and adequacy of maternity care among Afghan women in Iran. The reports from ministry of health (MOH) implicates higher prevalence of perinatal complication in Afghan population. This mainly attributed to the inadequate prenatal care in during pregnancy. Therefore, this paper explores the access and potential barriers to prenatal care among Afghan women in Iran.Methods: Using purposive convenient sampling, thirty pregnant Afghan women were recruited at three community health centers with the highest number of Afghan visitors in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews in Persian language using an interview guide. The interviewers were two bilingual Afghan graduate midwifery students. Each interview lasted for an hour. The interviews were transcribed into original language (Persian) and analyzed using content analysis. The MAXQD v.10 software was used in data analysis. The main themes were extracted grouping the similar codes and categories after careful consideration and consensus between the researchers.Results: The financial constraints and lack of affordable health insurance with adequate coverage of prenatal care services, particularly the diagnostic and screening tests, were the most frequent reported obstacles by Afghan women. In addition, personnel behavior, transportation issues, stigma and discrimination, cultural concerns, legal and immigration issues were also mentioned as the source of disappointment and inadequate utilization of such services.Conclusions: The findings of present study emphasize the necessity of available and most importantly, affordable prenatal care for Afghan women in Iran. Providing an affordable health insurance with adequate coverage of prenatal and delivery services, could reduce the financial burden, facilitate the access, and ensure the maternal and child health in this vulnerable population. The issues of fear and concern of deportation must be removed for at least illegal Afghan mothers to ensure their access to maternity care and improve the health of both mother and offspring.
Bile cholesterol and viscosity, the keys to discriminating adenomatous polyps from cholesterol polyps by a novel predictive scoring model.
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Hong Tae Ho 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Adenomatous gallbladder polyps, premalignant lesions of the gallbladder, have fatal outcomes, whereas cholesterol polyps have benign features. Herein, we proposed a novel, predictive scoring model of adenomatous polyps to distinguish them from cholesterol polyps, by analyzing bile components and bile viscosity. Methods: Patients with gallbladder polyp pathologically confirmed after cholecystectomies were analyzed. After dividing patients into two groups (adenomatous or cholesterol polyps), the clinicopathologic profiles and bile nature, including components and viscosity were compared and a predictive scoring model for adenomatous polyps was assessed. Results: 11 adenomatous polyps and 96 cholesterol polyps were analyzed. The variables significantly associated with adenomatous polyps were age>55years (OR=23.550, p=0.020 ), bile viscosity<7.5sec -1 (OR=22.539, p=0.012 ), and bile cholesterol<414.5mg/dl (OR=10.004, p=0.023 ) and the points for each variable in the predictive scoring model were allocated as 3, 3, and 2, respectively. Final scores ranged from 0 to 8 points and the best performance of model at a cutoff of ≥6 points had 90.9% of sensitivity and 80.2% of specificity. Conclusions: Bile viscosity and bile cholesterol accompanied by age were revealed as significant predictors of adenomatous polyps, distinguishing them from cholesterol polyps of gallbladder. It can be the cornerstone for creating accurate guidelines for preoperatively determining treatment strategies of gallbladder polyps.
Proteome Analysis of Testicular Tissue in Varicocele Rats Using iTRAQ Labeling Technology
Authors: feng lu xian , wei zhao , rong liu jian , feng wang dan , xia yuan cai , min wang yi , fang zhang , Qin Qin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose Varicocele (VC) is considered as the main cause of male infertility, clear and definite molecular markers of varicocele disease are helpful for early prevention and timely treatment. This study was in order to examine the effect of varicocele on protein expression in testicular tissue.Methods The testicular tissue samples of normal rats and varicocele rats were used for proteomic analysis and functional bioinformatics analysis. The proteins with a fold change of > 1.2 or < 1.2, and with a P-value < 0.05 were used to identify up- and downregulation proteins between the varicocele and control rats, and two target proteins were selected and verified with western blot.Results It was found that seminiferous epithelium was disordered and spermatogenic cells were injured seriously in varicocele group. A total of 65 differentially expressed proteins were identified compared with normal group by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis, including 31 up-regulated proteins and 34 down-regulated proteins, respectively. Functions of those proteins were mainly related to the following processes: signal transduction, protein cycle, transmembrane transport, protein transport, vesicular mediated transport, cell division, and membrane tissue. Two down regulated proteins of ATPase and Cu2+-transporting alpha (ATP7A) and Calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 (CIB1) in varicocele rats were selected and confirmed.Conclusion Protein spectrum of testicular tissue in varicocele rats was different from that in normal rats. Low expressions of ATP7A and CIB1 may be affect testicular spermatogenic function and can be used as a potential biomarker for testicular tissue to maintain normal spermatogenic function.
Reduced serum BDNF levels are associated with the increased risk for developing MDD: A case-control study with or without antidepressants therapy
Authors: Emon Md. Prova Zaman , Das Rajesh , Nishuty Nuruna Lovely , Qusar M.M.A. Shalahuddin , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveWe do not have any consistent markers for major depressive disorder (MDD) though various biological factors are involved in the pathophysiology. We aimed to evaluate the serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in MDD patients with or without antidepressant therapy compared to healthy controls (HCs).ResultsWe assessed serum BDNF levels among three groups: drug-naïve MDD patients (n = 41), drug-treated MDD patients (n = 44), and age-and sex-matched HCs (n = 82). Serum BDNF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Serum levels of BDNF were detected significantly lower in drug-naïve MDD patients compared to HCs. No significant alterations of serum BDNF levels between drug-treated patients and HCs were identified. Significant negative correlations between serum BDNF levels and Hamilton depression rating (Ham-D) scores were observed in both drug-naïve and drug-treated MDD patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed good diagnostic value for serum BDNF levels in drug-naïve MDD patients with the area under the curve at 0.821. The present study suggests that low serum BDNF levels may be involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. The reduced serum BDNF levels might be used as an early risk assessment marker for major depression.
Evaluating Dosimetric Constraints for Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Lin Lien-Chun , Jiang Guo-Liang , Ohri Nitin , Wang Zheng , Lu Jiade , Garg Madhur , Guha Chandan , Wu XIAODONG 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveTo identify a safe carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) regimen for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).MethodsWe generated treatment plans for 13 consecutive, unselected patients who were treated for LAPC with CIRT at our center using three dose and fractionation schedules: 4.6 GyRBE x 12, 4.0 GyRBE x 14, and 3.0 GyRBE x 17. We tested the ability to meet published dose constraints for the duodenum, stomach, and small bowel as a function of dose schedule and distance between the tumor and organs at risk.ResultsUsing 4.6 GyRBE x 12 and 4.0 GyRBE x 14, critical (high-dose) constraints could only reliably be achieved when target volumes were not immediately adjacent to organs at risk. Critical constraints could be met in all cases using 3.0 GyRBE x 17. Low-dose constraints could not uniformly be achieved using any dose schedule.ConclusionWhile selected patients with LAPC may be treated safely with a CIRT regimen of 4.6 GyRBE x 12, our dosimetric analyses indicate that a more conservative schedule of 3.0 GyRBE x 17 may be required to safely treat a broader population of LAPC patients, including those with large tumors and tumors that approach gastrointestinal organs at risk. The result of this work was used to guide an ongoing clinical trial.