bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole nuña bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) flour showed higher direct expansion during extrusion processing at relatively lower temperatures
Authors: Pietrysiak Ewa , Zhu Yujing , Gu Bon‐Jae , Ganjyal Girish M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNuña bean, also known as “popping” bean, belongs to the group of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). Originated in Andean mountains, nuña beans is an important food crop in several South American countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru, where it is consumed primarily as a snack. Nuña beans are highly nutritious and have a distinctive nutty flavor, which makes them potentially desirable ingredients in food applications, such as extruded snacks. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of whole seed nuña bean flour during extrusion cooking. Expansion characteristics of whole nuña bean flour were investigated using a twin‐screw extruder. Three levels of moisture contents of 15%, 18%, and 21% (wet basis), three barrel temperatures of 120, 140, and 160 °C, and three screw speeds of 150, 200, and 250 rpm were evaluated, with a die diameter of 3.15 mm. The expansion ratio (ER) ranged from 1.41 to 3.03, within the extrusion conditions studied. The moisture content and screw speed were found to have the most significant impact on the ER. Lower temperature and higher screw speed resulted in higher ER. The maximum ER of 3.03 was observed at a moisture content of 15%, a barrel temperature of 120 °C, and a screw speed of 250 rpm. Nuña bean flour exhibited good expansion properties at relatively low temperatures, which highlights its potential for use in extruded food applications such as nutritious snacks.Practical ApplicationThere is increasing consumer demand for more nutritional snacks and cereals. Nuña bean flour exhibited potential for use in such nutritious products. This provides the industry with an alternative source of protein and fiber for inclusion in expanded food products.
Interstitial eosinophilic infiltration in diabetic nephropathy is indicative of poor prognosis, with no therapy benefit from steroid
Authors: Wu Wen‐yan , Zhou Xu‐jie , Sun Ping‐ping , Yu Xiao‐juan , Wang Su‐xia , Qu Lei , Zhang Fan , Ma Yi‐yi , Lv Ji‐cheng , Liu Gang , Yang Li 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggested that eosinophils in diabetes might be associated with severity of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In a retrospective study of 102 Chinese patients with biopsy‐proven DN, we aimed to evaluate relationships of both blood and renal eosinophils (Eos) to the severity of DN and check whether Eos can serve as an indicator of prognosis as well as the therapeutic effect of steroids.MethodsOne hundred and two patients diagnosed with DN were enrolled. Demographical and clinical data and histopathological scores were associated. Interstitial eosinophilic aggregates (IEA) were defined as the presence of ≥10 Eos in at least one high‐power field. End‐stage renal disease was defined as the end point.ResultsWe observed that log2 (blood eosinophil counts) correlated with neutrophil counts, proteinuria, and tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. IEA was observed in 33.3% of the DN patients and was associated with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher proteinuria, hematuria, higher HbA1c, increased blood eosinophil counts, tubular injury, tubulointerstitial chronicity, and interstitial inflammation. IEA was associated with worse renal prognosis (hazard ratio [HR] 2.424, P = 0.008). Consistently, urine eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) (ng/mgCr) was associated with renal injury and poor renal prognosis (HR 1.173, P = 0.020). Patients with IEA were more likely to be treated with steroid/immunosuppressants (47.1% vs 14.7%, P = 0.001) but did not show renal benefit.ConclusionsIt suggested that both blood and renal infiltrated eosinophils were prevalent in DN and associated with severity of DN. IEA in renal pathology showed better fit in correlation with renal prognosis. Treatment with steroid/immunosuppressants showed no significant improvement regarding renal prognosis.
Avoidance of tobacco health warnings? An eye‐tracking approach
Authors: Sillero‐Rejon Carlos , Leonards Ute , Munafò Marcus R. , Hedge Craig , Hoek Janet , Toll Benjamin , Gove Harry , Willis Isabel , Barry Rose , Robinson Abi , Maynard Olivia M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsAmong three eye‐tracking studies, we examined how cigarette pack features affected visual attention and self‐reported avoidance of and reactance to warnings.DesignStudy 1: smoking status × warning immediacy (short‐term versus long‐term health consequences) × warning location (top versus bottom of pack). Study 2: smoking status × warning framing (gain‐framed versus loss‐framed) × warning format (text‐only versus pictorial). Study 3: smoking status × warning severity (highly severe versus moderately severe consequences of smoking).SettingUniversity of Bristol, UK, eye‐tracking laboratory.ParticipantsStudy 1: non‐smokers (n = 25), weekly smokers (n = 25) and daily smokers (n = 25). Study 2: non‐smokers (n = 37), smokers contemplating quitting (n = 37) and smokers not contemplating quitting (n = 43). Study 3: non‐smokers (n = 27), weekly smokers (n = 26) and daily smokers (n = 26).MeasurementsFor all studies: visual attention, measured as the ratio of the number of fixations to the warning versus the branding, self‐reported predicted avoidance of and reactance to warnings and for study 3, effect of warning on quitting motivation.FindingsStudy 1: greater self‐reported avoidance [mean difference (MD) = 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94, 1.35, P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.64] and visual attention (MD = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.09, 1.68, P = 0.03, ηp2 = 0.06) to long‐term warnings, but not for reactance (MD = 0.14, 95% CI = –0.04, 0.32, P = 0.12, ηp2 = 0.03). Increased visual attention to warnings on the upper versus lower half of the pack (MD = 1.8; 95% CI = 0.33, 3.26, P = 0.02, ηp2 = 0.08). Study 2: higher self‐reported avoidance of (MD = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.59,0.80, P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.61) and reactance to (MD = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.27, 0.47, P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.34) loss‐framed warnings but little evidence of a difference for visual attention (MD = 0.52; 95% CI = –0.54, 1.58, P = 0.30, ηp2 = 0.01). Greater visual attention, avoidance and reactance to pictorial versus text‐only warnings (all Ps < 0.001, ηp2 > 0.25). Study 3: greater self‐reported avoidance of (MD = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.25, 0.48, P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.33) and reactance to (MD = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.23, P = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.11) highly severe warnings but findings were inconclusive as to whether there was a difference in visual attention (MD = –0.55; 95% CI = –1.5, 0.41, P = 0.24, ηp2 = 0.02).ConclusionsSubjective and objective (eye‐tracking) measures of avoidance of health warnings on cigarette packs produce different results, suggesting these measure different constructs. Visual avoidance of warnings indicates low‐level disengagement with warnings, while self‐reported predicted avoidance reflects higher‐level engagement with warnings.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer patients infected with HIV: A systematic review
Authors: Luo Ling , Xu Yan , Li Taisheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy represents a breakthrough in cancer treatment. However, clinical trials of ICI have usually excluded people living with HIV (PLWH). The efficacy and safety data of ICI in PLWH is scarce.MethodsLiterature on the efficacy and safety of ICI in PLWH with advanced cancers and on the role in decreasing HIV reservoir were searched via PubMed.ResultsOne hundred and thirty patients were identified. The most commonly used ICIs are nivolumab (48.5%) and pembrolizumab (36.9%). The most common malignancy in this population analyzed in this review is non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, 43.1%). The control rates of ICIs observed for PLWH with advanced NSCLC was consistent with that reported for general population. In this analysis, ICI therapy was generally well tolerated, with grade 3 or higher adverse events in 15 of 130 patients (11.5%) and has not deleterious effects on HIV virologic control. ICI has also shown a role in decreasing HIV reservoir.ConclusionsThe review shows that ICI appears to be feasible in this specific population. Efficacy and tolerability seemed to be comparable with that of general population with advanced cancers.
Diagnostic accuracy of MR, CT, and ECT in the differentiation of neoplastic from nonneoplastic spine lesions
Authors: Liu Peng , Liang Yun , Bian Chong , Wang Houlei , Jiang Libo , Hu Annan , Zhou Xiaogang , Dong Jian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo provide guidance for appropriate imaging examinations for diagnosing spinal tumors or tumor‐like lesions.MethodsA total of 121 patients with suspected spinal tumors were included this retrospective study. Each patient underwent ≥2 imaging examinations, including computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and/or emission computed tomography (ECT). All patients were diagnosed by pathology after core needle or surgical biopsies. The results were compared with those of pathological examinations using paired chi‐squared tests, and compared with each other. Statistical indicators that tested the consistency of the results included McNemar's and kappa coefficients, as well as receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsThe differences among MR, CT, ECT, and pathology were not significant. The kappa coefficient of MR, CT, and ECT was 46.1%, 36.0%, and 55.9%, respectively. The area under the curve of ECT, MR, and CT scans was 0.809, 0.705, and 0.704, respectively; and the differences among them were significant (P < .05). Post hoc multiple comparisons showed no significant differences among imaging examinations in terms of sensitivity, specificity, misdiagnosis rate, and coincidence rate (P > .05). However, significant differences were noted in the kappa coefficient and missed diagnosis rate (P < .05).ConclusionsAlthough ECT was the most accurate imaging method, its high cost and large radiation dosage limit its widespread application. Furthermore, MR verified spinal tumors more effectively; however, CT excluded them more efficiently. In summary, when all factors are considered, MR is still the optimal modality for the diagnosis of spinal tumors, especially during the initial screening.
Fetal membrane extracellular vesicle profiling reveals distinct pathways induced by infection and inflammation in vitro
Authors: Monsivais Luis A. , Sheller‐Miller Samantha , Russell William , Saade George R. , Dixon Christopher L. , Urrabaz‐Garza Rheanna , Menon Ramkumar 
Published: June 2020

ProblemFetal inflammatory signals can be propagated to maternal tissues to initiate labor via exosomes (extracellular vesicles; 30‐150 nm). We tested the hypothesis that fetal membrane cells exposed to infectious and inflammatory mediators associated with preterm birth (PTB) produce exosomes with distinct protein cargo contents indicative of underlying pathobiology.Methods of studyFetal membrane explants (FM) as well as primary amnion epithelial (AEC) and mesenchymal cells (AMC), and chorion cells (CC) from term deliveries were maintained in normal conditions (control) or exposed to LPS 100 ng/mL or TNF‐α 50 ng/mL for 48 hours. Exosomes were isolated from media by differential centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography and characterized using cryo‐electron microscopy (morphology), nanoparticle tracking analysis (size and quantity), Western blot (markers), and mass spectroscopy (cargo proteins). Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) determined pathways indicated by differentially expressed proteins.ResultsIrrespective of source or treatment, exosomes were spherical, had similar size, quantities, and markers (ALIX, CD63, and CD81). However, exosome cargo proteins were different between FM and individual fetal membrane cell‐derived exosomes in response to treatments. Several common proteins were seen; however, there are several unique proteins expressed by exosomes from different cell types in response to distinct stimuli indicative of unique pathways and physiological functions in cells.ConclusionsWe demonstrate collective tissue and independent cell response reflected in exosomes in response to infectious and inflammatory stimuli. These cargoes determined underlying physiology and their potential in enhancing inflammation in a paracrine fashion.
Integration of metagenomics‐metabolomics reveals specific signatures and functions of airway microbiota in mite‐sensitized childhood asthma
Authors: Chiu Chih‐Yung , Chou Hsin‐Cheng , Chang Lun‐Ching , Fan Wen‐Lang , Dinh Michael Cong Vinh , Kuo Yu‐Lun , Chung Wen‐Hung , Lai Hsin‐Chih , Hsieh Wen‐Ping , Su Shih‐Chi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildhood asthma is a multifactorial inflammatory condition of the airways, associated with specific changes in respiratory microbiome and circulating metabolome.MethodsTo explore the functional capacity of asthmatic microbiome and its intricate connection with the host, we performed shotgun sequencing of airway microbiome and untargeted metabolomics profiling of serum samples in a cohort of children with mite‐sensitized asthma and non‐asthmatic controls.ResultsWe observed higher gene counts and sample‐to‐sample dissimilarities in asthmatic microbiomes, indicating a more heterogeneous community structure and functionality among the cases than in controls. Moreover, we identified airway microbial species linked to changes in circulating metabolites and IgE responses of the host, including a positive correlation between Prevotella sp oral taxon 306 and dimethylglycine that were both decreased in patients. Several control‐enriched species (Eubacterium sulci, Prevotella pallens, and Prevotella sp oral taxon 306) were inversely correlated with total and allergen‐specific IgE levels. Genes related to microbial carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism were differentially enriched, suggesting that changes in microbial metabolism may contribute to respiratory health in asthmatics. Pathway modules relevant to allergic responses were differentially abundant in asthmatic microbiome, such as enrichments for biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, membrane trafficking, histidine metabolism, and glycosaminoglycan degradation, and depletions for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. Further, we identified metagenomic and metabolomic markers (eg, Eubacterium sulci) to discriminate cases from the non‐asthmatic controls.ConclusionsOur dual‐omics data reveal the connections between respiratory microbes and circulating metabolites perturbed in mite‐sensitized pediatric asthma, which may be of etiological and diagnostic implications.
Impact of a risk‐stratified thromboprophylaxis protocol on the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism and bleeding
Authors: Chahal R. , Alexander M. , Yee K. , Jun C. M. K. , Dagher J. G. , Ismail H. , Riedel B. , Burbury K. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryEfforts to reduce postoperative venous thromboembolism are challenging due to heterogeneity in thromboprophylaxis practice. As a result, a ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ approach that accounts for surgery‐specific risk, but fails to account for patient‐level variation, is often adopted by healthcare networks. Updated clinical practice guidelines have advocated an individualised risk‐stratified approach that balances the risk:benefit ratio associated with thromboprophylaxis; however, there are limited data confirming effectiveness of these recommendations on the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism and bleeding. We developed the surgical‐thrombo‐embolism‐prevention protocol, a novel risk‐stratified algorithm that classified patients into low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk profiles according to surgical procedure and patient baseline medical risk. Expert‐endorsed risk‐specific thromboprophylaxis strategies were then applied. A staged quality improvement program was developed to implement the protocol. We postulated that compliance with the protocol would reduce postoperative venous thromboembolism rates without increasing the incidence of postoperative bleeding. Between June 2013 and March 2018, we evaluated the efficacy, safety and sustainability of this risk‐stratified approach in 24,953 surgical admissions at a dedicated cancer centre. By final implementation, program compliance was 91%. Postoperative venous thromboembolism rates reduced from 3.1 per 1000 surgical admissions to 0.6 per 1000 surgical admissions (relative risk reduction 79%; p < 0.005). Postoperative bleeding rates also declined from 10.0 per 1000 surgical admissions to 6.3 per 1000 surgical admissions (relative risk reduction 37%; p = 0.02). Sustained improvement was evident more than 3 years after implementation. Implementation of the surgical‐thrombo‐embolism‐prevention protocol significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism supporting its validation at other institutions.
A systematic review of pain outcomes reported by randomised trials of hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Koyuncu S. , Friis C. P. , Laigaard J. , Anhøj J. , Mathiesen O. , Karlsen A. P. H. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIt is difficult to pool results from randomised clinical trials that report different outcomes. We want to develop a core set of pain‐related outcomes after total hip or knee arthroplasty, the first stage of which is to systematically review published outcomes. We searched PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL for relevant trials to January 2020. We identified 165 outcomes from 565 trials with 50,668 participants, which we categorised into six domains: pain; analgesic consumption; quality of care; adverse events; mobility; and patient‐reported outcome measures. The outcome in each domain reported by most trials was: visual analogue score for pain, 401 (71%); morphine consumption, 212 (38%); length of hospital stay, 166 (29%); nausea or vomiting, 425 (75%); range of motion, 173 (31%); and patient satisfaction score, 181 (32%). A primary outcome was reported in 281 (50%) trials: 101 (18%) trials reported consumption of rescue analgesics and 95 (17%) trials reported pain. We plan to publish a consensus on outcomes that should be reported in postoperative pain trials after hip or knee arthroplasty.
Comparison of predicted and real propofol and remifentanil concentrations in plasma and brain tissue during target‐controlled infusion: a prospective observational study
Authors: Van Hese L. , Theys T. , Absalom A.R. , Rex S. , Cuypers E. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryTarget‐controlled infusion systems are increasingly used to administer intravenous anaesthetic drugs to achieve a user‐specified plasma or effect‐site target concentration. While several studies have investigated the ability of the underlying pharmacokinetic‐dynamic models to predict plasma concentrations, there are no data on their performance in predicting drug concentrations in the human brain. We assessed the predictive performance of the Marsh propofol model and Minto remifentanil model for plasma and brain tissue concentrations. Plasma samples were obtained during neurosurgery from 38 patients, and brain tissue samples from nine patients. Propofol and remifentanil concentrations were measured using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analysed from the nine patients in whom both plasma and brain samples were simultaneously obtained. For the Minto model (five patients), the median performance error was 72% for plasma and −14% for brain tissue concentration predictions. The model tended to underestimate plasma remifentanil concentrations, and to overestimate brain tissue remifentanil concentrations. For the Marsh model (five patients), the median prediction errors for plasma and brain tissue concentrations were 12% and 81%, respectively. However, when the data from all blood propofol assays (36 patients) were analysed, the median prediction error was 11%, with overprediction in 15 (42%) patients and underprediction in 21 (58%). These findings confirm earlier reports demonstrating inaccuracy for commonly used pharmacokinetic‐dynamic models for plasma concentrations and extend these findings to the prediction of effect‐site concentrations.
Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase‐derived 5,6‐epoxyeicosatrienoic acid relaxes pulmonary arteries in normoxia but promotes sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction in hypoxia
Authors: Strielkov Ievgen , Krause Nicole C. , Knoepp Fenja , Alebrahimdehkordi Nasim , Pak Oleg , Garcia Claudia , Ghofrani Hossein A. , Schermuly Ralph T. , Seeger Werner , Grimminger Friedrich , Sommer Natascha , Weissmann Norbert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of the study was to investigate the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase‐derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in sustained hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV).MethodsVasomotor responses of isolated mouse intrapulmonary arteries (IPAs) were assessed using wire myography. Key findings were verified by haemodynamic measurements in isolated perfused and ventilated mouse lungs.ResultsPharmacological inhibition of EET synthesis with MS‐PPOH, application of the EET antagonist 14,15‐EEZE or deficiency of CYP2J isoforms suppressed sustained HPV. In contrast, knockdown of EET‐degrading soluble epoxide hydrolase or its inhibition with TPPU augmented sustained HPV almost twofold. All EET regioisomers elicited relaxation in IPAs pre‐contracted with thromboxane mimetic U46619. However, in the presence of KCl‐induced depolarization, 5,6‐EET caused biphasic contraction in IPAs and elevation of pulmonary vascular tone in isolated lungs, whereas other regioisomers had no effect. In patch‐clamp experiments, hypoxia elicited depolarization in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and 5,6‐EET evoked inward whole cell currents in PASMCs depolarized to the hypoxic level, but not at their resting membrane potential.ConclusionsThe EET pathway substantially contributes to sustained HPV in mouse pulmonary arteries. 5,6‐EET specifically appears to be involved in HPV, as it is the only EET regioisomer able to elicit not only relaxation, but also sustained contraction in these vessels. 5,6‐EET‐induced pulmonary vasoconstriction is enabled by PASMC depolarization, which occurs in hypoxia. The discovery of the dual role of 5,6‐EET in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone may provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of HPV‐related diseases.
Adrenal stress hormone action in skeletal muscle during exercise training: An old dog with new tricks?
Authors: Steiner Jennifer L. , Johnson Bonde R. , Hickner Robert C. , Ormsbee Michael J. , Williamson David L. , Gordon Bradley S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExercise is a key component of a healthy lifestyle as it helps maintain a healthy body weight and reduces the risk of various morbidities and co‐morbidities. Exercise is an acute physiological stress that initiates a multitude of processes that attempt to restore physiological homeostasis and promote adaptation. A component of the stress response to exercise is the rapid release of hormones from the adrenal gland including glucocorticoids, the catecholamines and aldosterone. While each hormone targets several tissues throughout the body, skeletal muscle is of interest as it is central to physical function and various metabolic processes. Indeed, adrenal stress hormones have been shown to elicit specific performance benefits on the muscle. However, how the acute, short‐lived release of these stress hormones during exercise influences adaptations of skeletal muscle to long‐term training remains largely unknown. Thus, the objective of this review was to briefly highlight the known impact of adrenal stress hormones on skeletal muscle metabolism and function (Old Dog), and critically examine the current evidence supporting a role for these endogenous hormones in mediating long‐term training adaptations in skeletal muscle (New Tricks).