bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for discrete star formation events in the Small Magellanic Cloud based on 6.5m Magellan Telescope observations
Authors: Strantzalis A. , Hatzidimitriou D. , Zezas A. , Antoniou V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) presents us with a unique opportunity to study in detail the effect of environmental processes (interaction with the LMC and the Milky Way) on its star formation history. With the 6.5m Magellan Telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile we have acquired deep B and I images in four 0.44 degree fields covering a large part of the main body of the SMC, yielding accurate photometry for 1,068,893 stars down to ~24th magnitude, with a spatial resolution of 0.201 arcsec/pixel. Colour-magnitude diagrams and luminosity functions (corrected for completeness) have been constructed, yielding significant new results that indicate at least two discrete star formation events around 2.7 and 4-5 Gyr ago.
Census of Lyα, [OIII]5007, Hα, and [CII]158μm Line Emission with ~1000 Low-mass Lyman Alpha Emitters atz= 4.9 – 7.0 Revealed with Subaru/Hyper-Suprime Cam Survey
Authors: Harikane Yuichi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigate Lyα, [Oiii] λ5007, Hα, and [Cii]158µm emission from 1,124 low-mass galaxies (typicallyM*~ 108Mʘ) at z = 4.9 - 7.0, composed of 1,092 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 4.9 - 7.0 identified by Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) narrowband surveys and 34 galaxies at z = 5.148 - 7.508 with deep ALMA [Cii]158µm data in the literature. At z = 4.9, we find that the rest-frame Hα equivalent width positively correlates with the rest-frame Lyα equivalent widthEW0Lyα. At z = 5.7 - 7.0, there exists an interesting turn-over trend that the [ Oiii]/ Hα flux ratio increases inEW0Lyα≃ 0 - 30 Å, and then decreases out toEW0Lyα≃ 130 Å. We also identify an anti-correlation between a [ Cii] luminosity to star-formation rate ratio (L[CII]/SFR) andEW0Lyαat the >99% confidence level. We carefully investigate physical origins of the correlations, and find that a simple anti-correlation betweenEW0Lyαand metallicity explains self-consistently all of the relations identified in our study.
Dwarf Galaxies: Their Low Metallicity Interstellar Medium
Authors: Madden Suzanne C. , Cormier Diane 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis review describes where we are today in light of the dust and gas properties and their relation to star formation, in low metallicity galaxies of the local universe following recent surveys from sensitive infrared space telescopes, mainly Spitzer and Herschel space observatories as well as ground-based observations of the molecular gas reservoir. Models to interpret the ISM properties are gaining sophistication in order to account for the wide range of valuable observational diagnostics that we have today to trace the different gas phases, the broad range of photometry we have, from mid-infrared to submillimetre dust emission and the various galactic size scales that we can sample today. This review summarizes the rich multi-phase observations we can exploit today, and the multi-phase modeling approach to interpret the observations.
Seasonality of interactions between a plant virus and its host during persistent infection in a natural environment
Authors: Honjo Mie N , Emura Naoko , Kawagoe Tetsuhiro , Sugisaka Jiro , Kamitani Mari , Nagano Atsushi J , Kudoh Hiroshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPersistent infection, wherein a pathogen is continually present in a host individual, is widespread in virus–host systems. However, little is known regarding how seasonal environments alter virus–host interaction during such metastability. We observed a lineage-to-lineage infection of the host plant Arabidopsis halleri with Turnip mosaic virus for 3 years without severe damage. Virus dynamics and virus–host interactions within hosts were highly season dependent. Virus accumulation in the newly formed leaves was temperature dependent and was suppressed during winter. Transcriptome analyses suggested that distinct defence mechanisms, i.e. salicylic acid (SA)-dependent resistance and RNA silencing, were predominant during spring and autumn, respectively. Transcriptomic difference between infected and uninfected plants other than defence genes appeared transiently only during autumn in upper leaves. However, the virus preserved in the lower leaves is transferred to the clonal offspring of the host plants during spring. In the linage-to-linage infection of the A. halleri–TuMV system, both host clonal reproduction and virus transmission into new clonal rosettes are secured during the winter–spring transition. How virus and host overwinter turned out to be critical for understanding a long-term virus–host interaction within hosts under temperate climates, and more generally, understanding seasonality provides new insight into ecology of plant viruses.
Novel probiotic approach to counter Paenibacillus larvae infection in honey bees
Authors: Daisley Brendan A , Pitek Andrew P , Chmiel John A , Al Kait F , Chernyshova Anna M , Faragalla Kyrillos M , Burton Jeremy P , Thompson Graham J , Reid Gregor 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
American foulbrood (AFB) is a highly virulent disease afflicting honey bees (Apis mellifera). The causative organism, Paenibacillus larvae, attacks honey bee brood and renders entire hives dysfunctional during active disease states, but more commonly resides in hives asymptomatically as inactive spores that elude even vigilant beekeepers. The mechanism of this pathogenic transition is not fully understood, and no cure exists for AFB. Here, we evaluated how hive supplementation with probiotic lactobacilli (delivered through a nutrient patty; BioPatty) affected colony resistance towards a naturally occurring AFB outbreak. Results demonstrated a significantly lower pathogen load and proteolytic activity of honey bee larvae from BioPatty-treated hives. Interestingly, a distinctive shift in the microbiota composition of adult nurse bees occurred irrespective of treatment group during the monitoring period, but only vehicle-supplemented nurse bees exhibited higher P. larvae loads. In vitro experiments utilizing laboratory-reared honey bee larvae showed Lactobacillus plantarum Lp39, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, and Lactobacillus kunkeei BR-1 (contained in the BioPatty) could reduce pathogen load, upregulate expression of key immune genes, and improve survival during P. larvae infection. These findings suggest the usage of a lactobacilli-containing hive supplement, which is practical and affordable for beekeepers, may be effective for reducing enzootic pathogen-related hive losses.
The Green Revolution shaped the population structure of the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Quibod Ian Lorenzo , Atieza-Grande Genelou , Oreiro Eula Gems , Palmos Denice , Nguyen Marian Hanna , Coronejo Sapphire Thea , Aung Ei Ei , Nugroho Cipto , Roman-Reyna Veronica , Burgos Maria Ruby , Capistrano Pauline , Dossa Sylvestre G , Onaga Geoffrey , Saloma Cynthia , Cruz Casiana Vera , Oliva Ricardo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The impact of modern agriculture on the evolutionary trajectory of plant pathogens is a central question for crop sustainability. The Green Revolution replaced traditional rice landraces with high-yielding varieties, creating a uniform selection pressure that allows measuring the effect of such intervention. In this study, we analyzed a unique historical pathogen record to assess the impact of a major resistance gene, Xa4, in the population structure of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) collected in the Philippines in a span of 40 years. After the deployment of Xa4 in the early 1960s, the emergence of virulent pathogen groups was associated with the increasing adoption of rice varieties carrying Xa4, which reached 80% of the total planted area. Whole genomes analysis of a representative sample suggested six major pathogen groups with distinctive signatures of selection in genes related to secretion system, cell-wall degradation, lipopolysaccharide production, and detoxification of host defense components. Association genetics also suggested that each population might evolve different mechanisms to adapt to Xa4. Interestingly, we found evidence of strong selective sweep affecting several populations in the mid-1980s, suggesting a major bottleneck that coincides with the peak of Xa4 deployment in the archipelago. Our study highlights how modern agricultural practices facilitate the adaptation of pathogens to overcome the effects of standard crop improvement efforts.
Inferring and validating mechanistic models of neural microcircuits based on spike-train data
Authors: Ladenbauer Josef , McKenzie Sam , English Daniel Fine , Hagens Olivier , Ostojic Srdjan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe interpretation of neuronal spike train recordings often relies on abstract statistical models that allow for principled parameter estimation and model selection but provide only limited insights into underlying microcircuits. In contrast, mechanistic models are useful to interpret microcircuit dynamics, but are rarely quantitatively matched to experimental data due to methodological challenges. Here we present analytical methods to efficiently fit spiking circuit models to single-trial spike trains. Using derived likelihood functions, we statistically infer the mean and variance of hidden inputs, neuronal adaptation properties and connectivity for coupled integrate-and-fire neurons. Comprehensive evaluations on synthetic data, validations using ground truth in-vitro and in-vivo recordings, and comparisons with existing techniques demonstrate that parameter estimation is very accurate and efficient, even for highly subsampled networks. Our methods bridge statistical, data-driven and theoretical, model-based neurosciences at the level of spiking circuits, for the purpose of a quantitative, mechanistic interpretation of recorded neuronal population activity.
Optically oriented attachment of nanoscale metal-semiconductor heterostructures in organic solvents via photonic nanosoldering
Authors: Crane Matthew J. , Pandres Elena P. , Davis E. James , Holmberg Vincent C. , Pauzauskie Peter J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs devices approach the single-nanoparticle scale, the rational assembly of nanomaterial heterojunctions remains a persistent challenge. While optical traps can manipulate objects in three dimensions, to date, nanoscale materials have been trapped primarily in aqueous solvents or vacuum. Here, we demonstrate the use of optical traps to manipulate, align, and assemble metal-seeded nanowire building blocks in a range of organic solvents. Anisotropic radiation pressure generates an optical torque that orients each nanowire, and subsequent trapping of aligned nanowires enables deterministic fabrication of arbitrarily long heterostructures of periodically repeating bismuth-nanocrystal/germanium-nanowire junctions. Heat transport calculations, back-focal-plane interferometry, and optical images reveal that the bismuth nanocrystal melts during trapping, facilitating tip-to-tail “nanosoldering” of the germanium nanowires. These bismuth-semiconductor interfaces may be useful for quantum computing or thermoelectric applications. In addition, the ability to trap nanostructures in oxygen- and water-free organic media broadly expands the library of materials available for optical manipulation and single-particle spectroscopy.
Moving from drought hazard to impact forecasts
Authors: Sutanto Samuel J. , van der Weert Melati , Wanders Niko , Blauhut Veit , Van Lanen Henny A. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPresent-day drought early warning systems provide the end-users information on the ongoing and forecasted drought hazard (e.g. river flow deficit). However, information on the forecasted drought impacts, which is a prerequisite for drought management, is still missing. Here we present the first study assessing the feasibility of forecasting drought impacts, using machine-learning to relate forecasted hydro-meteorological drought indices to reported drought impacts. Results show that models, which were built with more than 50 months of reported drought impacts, are able to forecast drought impacts a few months ahead. This study highlights the importance of drought impact databases for developing drought impact functions. Our findings recommend that institutions that provide operational drought early warnings should not only forecast drought hazard, but also impacts after developing an impact database.
Dilution effect of the building area on energy intensity in urban residential buildings
Authors: Gao Jingxin , Zhong Xiaoyang , Cai Weiguang , Ren Hong , Huo Tengfei , Wang Xia , Mi Zhifu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUrban residential buildings make large contributions to energy consumption. Energy consumption per square meter is most widely used to measure energy efficiency in urban residential buildings. This study aims to explore whether it is an appropriate indicator. An extended STIRPAT model was used based on the survey data from 867 households. Here we present that building area per household has a dilution effect on energy consumption per square meter. Neglecting this dilution effect leads to a significant overestimation of the effectiveness of building energy savings standards. Further analysis suggests that the peak of energy consumption per square meter in China’s urban residential buildings occurred in 2012 when accounting for the dilution effect, which is 11 years later than it would have occurred without considering the dilution effect. Overall, overlooking the dilution effect may lead to misleading judgments of crucial energy-saving policy tools, as well as the ongoing trend of residential energy consumption in China.
An enhancer cluster controls gene activity and topology of the SCN5A-SCN10A locus in vivo
Authors: Man Joyce C. K. , Mohan Rajiv A. , Boogaard Malou van den , Hilvering Catharina R. E. , Jenkins Catherine , Wakker Vincent , Bianchi Valerio , Laat Wouter de , Barnett Phil , Boukens Bastiaan J. , Christoffels Vincent M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMutations and variations in and around SCN5A, encoding the major cardiac sodium channel, influence impulse conduction and are associated with a broad spectrum of arrhythmia disorders. Here, we identify an evolutionary conserved regulatory cluster with super enhancer characteristics downstream of SCN5A, which drives localized cardiac expression and contains conduction velocity-associated variants. We use genome editing to create a series of deletions in the mouse genome and show that the enhancer cluster controls the conformation of a >0.5 Mb genomic region harboring multiple interacting gene promoters and enhancers. We find that this cluster and its individual components are selectively required for cardiac Scn5a expression, normal cardiac conduction and normal embryonic development. Our studies reveal physiological roles of an enhancer cluster in the SCN5A-SCN10A locus, show that it controls the chromatin architecture of the locus and Scn5a expression, and suggest that genetic variants affecting its activity may influence cardiac function.
Photo-accelerated fast charging of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lee Anna , Vörös Márton , Dose Wesley M. , Niklas Jens , Poluektov Oleg , Schaller Richard D. , Iddir Hakim , Maroni Victor A. , Lee Eungje , Ingram Brian , Curtiss Larry A. , Johnson Christopher S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDue to their exceptional high energy density, lithium-ion batteries are of central importance in many modern electrical devices. A serious limitation, however, is the slow charging rate used to obtain the full capacity. Thus far, there have been no ways to increase the charging rate without losses in energy density and electrochemical performance. Here we show that the charging rate of a cathode can be dramatically increased via interaction with white light. We find that a direct exposure of light to an operating LiMn2O4 cathode during charging leads to a remarkable lowering of the battery charging time by a factor of two or more. This enhancement is enabled by the induction of a microsecond long-lived charge separated state, consisting of Mn4+ (hole) plus electron. This results in more oxidized metal centers and ejected lithium ions are created under light and with voltage bias. We anticipate that this discovery could pave the way to the development of new fast recharging battery technologies.
Antenna surface plasmon emission by inelastic tunneling
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Hugonin Jean-Paul , Coutrot Anne-Lise , Sauvan Christophe , Marquier François , Greffet Jean-Jacques 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSurface plasmons polaritons are mixed electronic and electromagnetic waves. They have become a workhorse of nanophotonics because plasmonic modes can be confined in space at the nanometer scale and in time at the 10 fs scale. However, in practice, plasmonic modes are often excited using diffraction-limited beams. In order to take full advantage of their potential for sensing and information technology, it is necessary to develop a microscale ultrafast electrical source of surface plasmons. Here, we report the design, fabrication and characterization of nanoantennas to emit surface plasmons by inelastic electron tunneling. The antenna controls the emission spectrum, the emission polarization, and enhances the emission efficiency by more than three orders of magnitude. We introduce a theoretical model of the antenna in good agreement with the results.
Retrofitting metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Schneider Christian , Bodesheim David , Keupp Julian , Schmid Rochus , Kieslich Gregor 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe post-synthetic installation of linker molecules between open-metal sites (OMSs) and undercoordinated metal-nodes in a metal-organic framework (MOF) — retrofitting — has recently been discovered as a powerful tool to manipulate macroscopic properties such as the mechanical robustness and the thermal expansion behavior. So far, the choice of cross linkers (CLs) that are used in retrofitting experiments is based on qualitative considerations. Here, we present a low-cost computational framework that provides experimentalists with a tool for evaluating various CLs for retrofitting a given MOF system with OMSs. After applying our approach to the prototypical system CL@Cu3BTC2 (BTC = 1,3,5-benzentricarboxylate) the methodology was expanded to NOTT-100 and NOTT-101 MOFs, identifying several promising CLs for future CL@NOTT-100 and CL@NOTT-101 retrofitting experiments. The developed model is easily adaptable to other MOFs with OMSs and is set-up to be used by experimentalists, providing a guideline for the synthesis of new retrofitted MOFs with modified physicochemical properties.
Printable magnesium ion quasi-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors for flexible solar-charging integrated units
Authors: Tian Zhengnan , Tong Xiaoling , Sheng Guan , Shao Yuanlong , Yu Lianghao , Tung Vincent , Sun Jingyu , Kaner Richard B. , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWearable and portable self-powered units have stimulated considerable attention in both the scientific and technological realms. However, their innovative development is still limited by inefficient bulky connections between functional modules, incompatible energy storage systems with poor cycling stability, and real safety concerns. Herein, we demonstrate a flexible solar-charging integrated unit based on the design of printed magnesium ion aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors. This power unit exhibits excellent mechanical robustness, high photo-charging cycling stability (98.7% capacitance retention after 100 cycles), excellent overall energy conversion and storage efficiency (ηoverall = 17.57%), and outstanding input current tolerance. In addition, the Mg ion quasi-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors show high energy density up to 13.1 mWh cm−3 via pseudocapacitive ion storage as investigated by an operando X-ray diffraction technique. The findings pave a practical route toward the design of future self-powered systems affording favorable safety, long life, and high energy.
Network curvature as a hallmark of brain structural connectivity
Authors: Farooq Hamza , Chen Yongxin , Georgiou Tryphon T. , Tannenbaum Allen , Lenglet Christophe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough brain functionality is often remarkably robust to lesions and other insults, it may be fragile when these take place in specific locations. Previous attempts to quantify robustness and fragility sought to understand how the functional connectivity of brain networks is affected by structural changes, using either model-based predictions or empirical studies of the effects of lesions. We advance a geometric viewpoint relying on a notion of network curvature, the so-called Ollivier-Ricci curvature. This approach has been proposed to assess financial market robustness and to differentiate biological networks of cancer cells from healthy ones. Here, we apply curvature-based measures to brain structural networks to identify robust and fragile brain regions in healthy subjects. We show that curvature can also be used to track changes in brain connectivity related to age and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and we obtain results that are in agreement with previous MRI studies.
Ternary superconducting cophosphorus hydrides stabilized via lithium
Authors: Shao Ziji , Duan Defang , Ma Yanbin , Yu Hongyu , Song Hao , Xie Hui , Li Da , Tian Fubo , Liu Bingbing , Cui Tian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInspired by the diverse properties of sulfur hydrides and phosphorus hydrides, we combine first-principles calculations with structure prediction to search for stable structures of Li−P−H ternary compounds at high pressures with the aim of finding novel superconductors. It is found that phosphorus hydrides can be stabilized under pressure via additional doped lithium. Four stable stoichiometries LiPH3, LiPH4, LiPH6, and LiPH7 are uncovered in the pressure range of 100–300 GPa. Notably, we find an atomic LiPH6 with $$Pm\overline 3$$

P
m

3

¯

symmetry which is predicted to be a potential high-temperature superconductor with a Tc value of 150–167 K at 200 GPa and the Tc decreases upon compression. All the predicted stable ternary hydrides contain the P–H covalent frameworks with ionic lithium staying beside, but not for $$Pm\overline 3$$

P
m

3

¯

-LiPH6. We proposed a possible synthesis route for ternary lithium phosphorus hydrides: LiP + H2 → LiPHn, which could provide helpful and clear guidance to further experimental studies. Our work may provide some advice on further investigations on ternary superconductive hydrides at high pressure.
Chemical and sensory analysis of commercial Navel oranges in California
Authors: Simons Tyler , McNeil Christopher , Pham Vi D. , Wang Siyu , Wang Yu , Slupsky Carolyn , Guinard Jean-Xavier 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSeven lots of commercially available Navel oranges grown in California were evaluated with flavoromic, metabolomic, sensory descriptive analysis, and consumer testing techniques to identify sensory and chemical drivers of liking. Eight identified chemical clusters related to numerous sensory attributes and consumer preferences. Differences in adult and child preferences led to the discovery of six consumer clusters (four adult and two child). Sweetness, overall flavor, sourness, fruity flavor, and juiciness were identified as the main sensory drivers of liking for the consumers. Fructose, glucose, and proline were among the compounds that best explained perceived sweetness while sourness was correlated with citrate and ascorbate. Perceived fruity flavor increased with higher concentrations of ethanol. We conclude that consumers differ in their preferences for Navel oranges and desire fruit that is higher in both sweetness and sourness.