bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF SENSORINEURALHEARING LOSS IN TUBOTYMPANIC TYPE OF CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: Babu Dr. P. Surendra 
Published: March 2020

Background:

To know the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss among chronic suppurative otitis media patients
To study the correlation between duration and clinical findings of CSOM with the degree of hearing loss.

Materials and Methods
Hospital based cross sectional study of patients aged between 10 to 45years with unilateral chronic suppurative otitis media attending Tirumala Super speciality Hospital, Kadapa from December 2015 to November 2017 with sample size of 100 cases were taken.
Results: Out of the 100 cases, 10 patients were having sensorineural hearing loss. Thus the percentage is 10%. Out of the 10 cases of sensorineural hearing loss, no cases with sensorineural hearing loss between 10-15yr and 16-20yr age group. 2 were between in the age group of 26-30yr, 31-35yr and 36-40yr age group and 4 patients were in the age group of 41-45yr. Out of 100 patients 52 were males and 48 were females. Out of 10 patients with sensorineural hearing loss 6 were males and 4 were females. The duration of ear discharge ranged from 3 months to more than 15 years. Among the 100 patients studied 64 had ear discharge from 3months to 5yr. 16 had ear discharge from 6-10yr, 11 had ear discharge from 11-15yr and 9 had ear discharge of more than 15years.
Conclusion: Our study shows presence of significant (10%) sensorineural hearing loss in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media.
Duration of ear discharge correlates well with sensorineural hearing loss.
No significant correlation between sex and sensorineural hearing loss.
Keywords: Chronic suppurative otitis media, tubotympanic disease, sensorineural hearing loss.
SPECTRUM OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN THE ELDERLY AGE GROUP
Authors: Saxena Kshitij , Shukla Priyanka , Shaafie Harris Ishtiyaq , Palliwal Garav , Jain Chandni 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:
Fungal infections have become a common problem in the elderly age group. As age advances, the skin becomes dry, thin, wrinkled and with less number of hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands therefore, making it more susceptible to opportunistic pathogens. Superficial mycosis account for nearly 25% of the global burden of skin mycoses. The aim of this study is to identify the various superficial mycosis occurring in the elderly age group > 60 years attending a tertiary care hospital in North India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Prospective, observational study conducted on 540 patients over the age of 60 years attending the Dermatology OPD at a tertiary care centre. Patients on antifungal agents were excluded from the study. Samples collected included skin and nail scrapings, nail clippings and hair along. The collected samples were divided into two parts one for culture and other for direct microscopy. Direct microscopy of the specimens was performed in 10% potassium hydroxide + 40% Di-methyl sulfoxide. Culture media used included Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar containing Cycloheximide (0.5 mg/ml ). Cultures were incubated at both 25ºC and 37ºC for four weeks. Further species identification was done by Microslide culture technique.
RESULTS:
The M:F ratio was 1.36:1. Onychomycosis accounted for the majority of superficial mycosis (25%) followed by Tinea mannum (14.65%) and Tinea pedis (15.51%). The most common dermatophyte isolate was Trichophyton rubrum (27.58%), followed by T.mentagrophytes (22.41%) and T.verrucosum (17.24%).
KEY WORDS:
Dermatophytes, Superficial Mycosis, Elderly age group, Slide culture
COMPARISON OF PLATELET COUNTS SHOWN BY AUTOMATIC HAEMATOLOGY ANALYSERS AND COUNTS MEASURED MANUALLY IN POPULATION OF MOUNTAINOUS HILLY REGION OF CHENAB VALLEY ATTENDING OPD ON ROUTINE BASIS IN GMC DODA. ASSOCIATED HOSPITAL
Authors: Khurshid Sumat Ul , Tabbasum Nazia 
Published: March 2020

In clinical practice it is very important to perform the platelet counts. The estimation of platelet counts from peripheral blood smears is an accurate method and provides adequate quality assurance in traditional methods as the automated cell counters are not available at all hospital setups especially in rural areas. In modern era use of automated analyzers based on impedance technology has resulted in improvement of accuracy and helps in measurement of platelet indices such as Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) Plateletcrit (PCT) and Platelet Distribution Width (PDW). However, both the methods have certain limitations. Platelet counts were estimated on a 5-part Differential Automated Hematology Analyzer and manually on Leishman stained peripheral blood SMEAR.
Aims & Objective: 1. This study was conducted to compare platelet counts by peripheral blood smear method and automated method in patients attending OPD on routine basis in a mountainous hilly region of J&k .

It also aims to study the relation, if any, between the platelet count (automated) and platelet indices like Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) and to assess the possible role of these parameters in certain defined situations.

Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital on 200 Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulated blood samples. Samples were evaluated by 5-Part differential automated hematology analyser using impedance counting method and by examination of peripheral blood smear method (PBF).
Results: In thrombocytopenic patients, the platelet count assessed by automated analyzer revealed an inverse relation with Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) and showed large granular and giant platelets on PBS.
Conclusion: Automated hematology analyzer is essential for immediate and accurate complete blood count evaluation but blood samples showing erroneous results or low platelet counts on analyzer should be confirmed on peripheral blood smear. The platelet indices like Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) can point to the underlying pathology especially in cases of thrombocytopenia.
Keywords: Automated analyser, Peripheral blood smear, MPV, PDW, large granular platelets.
STUDY THE ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTOR FOR PRIMARY CAESAREAN SECTION IN MULTIGRAVIDA
Authors: Kumar Pravin , Dhaka Mohinee , Gaur Sindhu Sudha , Pant Reena , Banerjee Krishna Priya 
Published: March 2020

Background: It is a study of the assessment of risk factor of primary caesarean section in multigravida women who has had previous vaginal delivery of viable neonates.
Aim of Study: To study the risk factor of primary caesarean section in a multigravida.
Methods: Prospective study, hospital based descriptive type of observational study conducted in department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India from June 2018 to August 2019 ,1000 multipara women previous delivered vaginally with gestational age >28 weeks with giving written and informed consent were included and excluded previous caesarean section and Labor was monitored by using partograph. Decision for caesarean section was based on clinical evaluation of progress of labor, fetal and maternal condition and complications were noted.
Statistical analysis: Continuous variable was expressed as Mean and Standard deviation. Nominally / Categorized variable was summarized as Proportion. Parametric and Nonparametric Tests used for continuous and nominal variable as per yield of data.
Result: 42.18% women in the age group of 26- 30 years and 71.90% were second gravida. 67.30% had emergency caesarean section. Among the various risk factor of caesarean section, malpresentation was commonest (12.79%).
Conclusion: There are many cases where a caesarean section becomes mandatory for her. Many unforeseen complications occur in women who previously had a normal vaginal delivery.
BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA WITH HAEMOPERITONEUM TREATED BY EXPLORATORY LAPAROTOMY VERSUS ONLY ABDOMINAL DRAINAGE: A PROSPECTIVE AND COMPARATIVE STUDY.
Authors: Panchal Dhawal , Dekhaiya Firdaus , Tailor Harin 
Published: March 2020

In today’s mechanized world, Blunt Abdominal Trauma (BAT) is a common emergency which is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. More than 75% of abdominal traumas are blunt in nature and liver and spleen are the commonest organs to be injured as a result of BAT. The aim is to analyse and compare two groups of patient of blunt abdominal trauma managed conservatively with drainage and one by exploratory laparotomy. 50 cases of blunt abdominal trauma were taken. The patient were studied which includes age ,sex, mode of injury, initial vitals on presentation, Mortality in each group, duration of hospital stay, pre interventions and post interventions state and requirements, complications and follow up. It was observed 48% of patients were in between age group ranging from 10 to 30. Overall in terms of sex ratio, males dominated the no. of cases. RTA was most common mode of trauma. Liver and spleen was most common organ to be injured. Patients managed by laparotomy had higher mortality rate, duration of hospital stay was more, and complication were more. Early diagnosis and repeated clinical examination and use of appropriate investigation form the key in managing blunt injury abdomen patients.
Keywords: Blunt Abdominal Trauma, Haemoperitoneum , laparotomy , Abdominal Drainage.
POST-PARTUM DEPRESSION- TREATMENT UPDATE
Authors: Choudhary Vijay , Hatila Sangeeta , Mehta Shubham 
Published: March 2020

Background: Postpartum depression is a prevalent and serious mental health issue in India. This affects not only a woman but also the development of her offspring. There is a need to find out various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options available for the treatment post-partum depression.
Method: This review was based on methods and results as described in the selected published articles available on PubMed and PsycINFO. We identified articles whose titles contained the following key terms in various combinations of the following: depression, depressive illness, postpartum, postnatal, treatment, prevention, therapy, pharmacotherapy, and antidepressant, the name of each antidepressant drug, hormonal therapy, estrogen, and progesterone.
Results: We reviewed treatment of post-partum depression with antidepressants randomized clinical trials as well as open label studies, hormonal treatment, prevention studies randomized clinical trials as well as open label studies, alternative pharmacological treatment including omega-3- fatty acids- both for prevention and treatment. We also reviewed internet based intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy, kangaroo mother care, effectiveness of regular exercise, role of ECT and effect of rTMS in post part depression. When it’s about safety, the psychological interventions support their use in some women, pregnant and lactating women because of devoid of side effects to new born.
Conclusion: Diverse pharmacological or psychological interventions options are available for treatment of postnatal depression. The most promising intervention is the focus on intensive and individualized approach.
TO STUDY THE INCIDENCE AND TYPE OF SURGICAL DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN REPEAT CESAREAN SECTION IN COMPARISON WITH THE PRIMARY CESAREAN SECTIONS.
Authors: Gohil Nidhi , Parikh Rajni , Koli Deepika 
Published: March 2020

Cesarean section is the most common surgery performed with over 30% of deliveries occurring via this route. This number is likely to increase given decreasing rates of vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) and primary cesarean delivery on maternal request, which carries the inherent risk for intraoperative complications. Previous C-section delivery was a major indication for a repeat C-section delivery. The present study aims knowing the intra-operative difficulties encountered by an obstetrician, in this highly evolved surgical procedure called C-section especially in a repeat C-section. It was a Prospective observational study conducted on 60 cases of repeat cesarean section in c/o previous one cesarean section. Difficulties encountered while operating on cases of previous one cesarean section were noted. The intraoperative complications were compared with respect to adhesions (peritoneal, bladder, bowel, omental etc), blood loss, extension of tears over uterus, bladder injury, scar dehiscence, uterine rupture, need for hysterectomy. In present study, following intraoperative morbidities were encountered- adhesions 38.33%, advanced bladder 20%, excess blood loss 10%, placenta accrete was found in 1.67%,thinned out scar seen in 5% . Bladder injury seen in 1.67% patients. No cases of uterine rupture & bowel injury were noted. None of the patient needs caesarean hysterectomy. In modern obstetric practice, objective is safe motherhood and healthy baby by proper management. From present study, it can be concluded that repeat caesarean sections in c/o previous one cesarean section are associated with increased complications which lead to increased maternal morbidity
Keywords: Primary Cesarean section , Repeat Cesarean section , Caesarean Section Difficulties.
SURVEY OF PATTERN OF DRUG INTERACTIONS IN PATIENTS BEING PRESCRIBED ANTI-DIABETIC MEDICATIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: PROSPECTIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Divhare Sujeet A. , Ingale Satyashil 
Published: March 2020

Background: Potential importance of drug –drug interactions (DDIs) is increasing as polypharmacy becomes more prevalent. Because additional data on the incidence and pattern of potential DDIs among diabetic patients are lacking in India, and supplemental pharmacodynamic or clinical outcome information is needed to address importance of a drug- drug interaction.
Aim and objectives: To identify and analyze the pattern of DDIs in patients being prescribed anti-diabetic drugs in a tertiary care hospital.
Material and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of three months in 200 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) patients who were taking at least one antidiabetic agent during the period of past six months, of any age and either sex admitted in medicine ward of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Only one prescription was included for each patient on his/her 3rd day of hospitalization in the ward.
Results: A total of 1217 drugs were prescribed in 200 prescriptions, resulting in an average of 6.1 drugs per prescription. A total of 637 potential DDIs were noted. The majority were seen in middle aged and elderly people. No overall difference was detected in the patients on insulin or metformin therapy taking or not taking additional drugs with the potential to interact. Worse control was found in the group of patients on sulphonylurea therapy taking interacting drugs (P <0.05). This difference was most marked in the group of patients over 60 years of age, who also had the highest intake of potentially interacting drugs (57%; <35 years-37%).
Conclusion: Antidiabetic drugs have numerous interactions. A good practice is to use a drug­–drug interaction checker if any questions arise, several are available online. Quality care starts with the clinician obtaining a complete medication list for each patient at the start of each visit.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, drug interactions, hypoglycemic agents, drug therapy, co-morbidity, polypharmacy
SCENARIO BASED INSTRUCTION: A REVERSE APPROACH FOR CONCEPTUAL LEARNING IN PHYSIOLOGY.
Authors: Meshram Komal , Waghmare Lalit , Meshram Ajay , Waghmare Tripti 
Published: March 2020

To evaluate the gain in knowledge of first year MBBS students with the use of scenario-based teaching a reverse approach for conceptual learning in physiology a prospective interventional study was carried out in department of physiology. Methodology: 200 first year MBBS students participated in the study. 100 students (Group-A) were taken as control group to them the topic of physiology was taught by didactic method and another 100 students (Group-B) were taken as intervention group, where the same topic was taught with scenario-based instruction a reverse approach for conceptual learning in physiology. For each lecture pre and post test was taken. Five consecutive lectures were planned with this intervention. At the same time feedback forms were given to intervention group for purpose of analyzing the results qualitatively. After this intervention crossover of groups were done only for the sake of getting benefits of intervention. Results: Data obtained was analyzed statically. Pre and post test mean were taken. The results of post test (p<0.05) were found to be statistically significant when compared with pretest. As per the results of feedback forms, 90% (n=100) students agreed that the scenario based teaching is a powerful tool to understand the topic as it improves knowledge and makes learning more interesting.
Conclusion: According to the MCQ and feedback analysis, the results showed that teaching topic with scenario based instruction is the better approach for making the students to learn, understand and to gain the knowledge of physiology lectures rather than by traditional lecture alone.
AN AUDIT OF LUNG CARCINOMAS AT A TERTIARY REFERRAL CENTRE
Authors: Dubey Anshita , Hastak Meenal , Kulkarni Bijal , Athikari Nevitha , Mistry Rajesh 
Published: March 2020

A generic diagnosis of ‘small cell or non-small cell carcinoma’ was sufficient in the past when there was no clinical demand for sub classification as it had no impact on therapy. Patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung carcinoma who received chemotherapy were typically treated with a ‘platinum doublet’ of cisplatin plus gemcitabine irrespective of histological subtype. At present, in contrast, sub classification of non-small cell lung carcinoma has significant treatment implications, especially for advanced stage tumors for which chemotherapy or targeted therapy is being considered. Consequently, pathologists are asked to subtype the tumor. The demand for sub typing is driven by oncologists, who now have several new targeted therapies, the efficacy of which varies by histological subtype.
In view of demand of sub typing of lung carcinomas as well as the guidelines given by WHO 2015 classification which emphasises the importance of a separate classification for biopsies and cytology on one side and the resection specimen on the other, we have taken up this study.
Keywords: Lung carcinoma, classification, core biopsies, immunohistochemistry
PREVALENCE OF ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS AND PERIODONTAL HEALTH STATUS IN PATIENTS CHEWING GUTKA FROM BIHAR REGION
Authors: Raman Nikita , Manish Kumar , Jain Samir 
Published: March 2020

Smokeless tobacco (ST) chewing warranties special attention in India because of its popularity and widespread social acceptance. The major factors that persist to encourage people to use smokeless form of tobacco are its low price, ease of purchase, and the widely held misconception of purported medicinal value in curing toothache, headache, and in decreasing hunger. Furthermore, in contrast to smoking, there is no taboo against using ST. The lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and the standards of living of industrial workers are different from the rest of the population. Poverty, language barriers, and poor education contribute different lifestyle that encourages addictive tobacco habits. As there is a ban on smoking tobacco in most of the industrial premises, workers tend to consume more of ST products. Therefore, they form a special group who could be at a higher risk of periodontal breakdown. Hence the present study was planned for study of Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Periodontal Health Status in patients chewing Gutka from Bihar Region.
The present study was planned in Department of Dentistry, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar. Total 30 patients were enrolled in the present study. The patients were divided in three groups. The Group A included patients with a healthy periodontium. The Group B included patients with chronic periodontitis without OSMF, and Group C included patients with chronic periodontitis and OSMF.
The data generated from the present study concludes that that chewing gutka leads to periodontal destruction in patients with OSMF. The cases illustrate the significant morbidity and mortality associated with OSF and emphasize the importance of close follow-up of such cases. Because of the significant cancer risk among these patients, periodic biopsies of suspicious regions of the oral mucosa are essential for the early detection and management of high-risk oral premalignant lesions and prevention of cancer.
Keywords: oral submucous fibrosis, periodontal destruction, gutka, Bihar region, etc.
A STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES REGARDING NUTRITION DURING CARE OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS AMONG NURSING STAFF OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Divhare Sujeet , Girish Sunita , Divhare Amit , Ingale Satyashil , Korake Rajashree 
Published: March 2020

Background: Nutrients boost the host’s immune responses against various pathogens including mycobacterium tuberculosis. People with latent tuberculosis do not exhibit any clinical signs or symptoms of illness because the infection is contained by their immune system. The direct evidence of effect of nutrition on tuberculosis is difficult but the weight of evidence still favors the view that malnutrition may be an important factor in the high susceptibility and morbidity from tuberculosis.
Aim and objectives: To find out the knowledge regarding nutrition, attitude towards it and practices of nutrition among nursing staff involved in the management of tuberculosis patients.
Material and methods: This study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total seventy nursing staff, involved in care of tuberculosis patients either in tuberculosis wards and OPDs, participated in the study. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices regarding nutrition was done with pretested and structured questionnaire.
Statistical analysis: Percentages, Means, Chi-square test and ANOVA using the SPSS 17.0 Software.
Results: GNM trained participants with work experience of more than 3 years were much better than B.Sc. nursing students regarding their knowledge about daily caloric requirements, dietary recommendations for tuberculosis patients and influence of dietary habits on tuberculosis outcome (p < 0.05) but there was no statistically significant difference in the mean score of their knowledge about food nutrients. Both the groups showed positive attitude towards morning breakfast and having 3 meals and snacks in a day. Skipping of breakfast was more common among the GNM staff as compared with B.Sc. nursing students (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Results from the study indicated KA scores higher than P scores. The effect of nutritional supplementation on tuberculosis prevention and health outcomes among health care workers had not previously been systematically reviewed. This study will provide guidance on recommendations for nutritional care among health care workers who are directly involved in care of patients with tuberculosis.
Keywords: Nutrition, Tuberculosis, Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices, Nursing staff.
STUDY OF ANEMIA AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS
Authors: Gupta B S , Singh Yogesh 
Published: March 2020

Background: In India adolescents constitute about 25% of the population and form an important physiological group whose nutritional needs demand special attention. Adolescence is a significant period of human growth and maturation, when unique changes occur and many adult patterns are established.
Methods: This was cross-section study. All the adolescent girls studying in standards 9th - 12th class who were given consent to hemoglobin estimation were included in the study.
Results: The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was found as 73.00%. Out of 730 anemic girls, 520 girls were suffering from mild degree of anemia and 190 girls were having moderate degree of anemia. Only two girl was found severely anemic.
Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls is alarmingly high in India.
Keywords: Prevalence, Anemia, Adolescent.