bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning for Lesion Detection, Progression, and Prediction of Musculoskeletal Disease
Authors: Kijowski Richard , Liu Fang , Caliva Francesco , Pedoia Valentina 
Published: November 2019

Deep learning is one of the most exciting new areas in medical imaging. This review article provides a summary of the current clinical applications of deep learning for lesion detection, progression, and prediction of musculoskeletal disease on radiographs, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine. Deep‐learning methods have shown success for estimating pediatric bone age, detecting fractures, and assessing the severity of osteoarthritis on radiographs. In particular, the high diagnostic performance of deep‐learning approaches for estimating pediatric bone age and detecting fractures suggests that the new technology may soon become available for use in clinical practice. Recent studies have also documented the feasibility of using deep‐learning methods for identifying a wide variety of pathologic abnormalities on CT and MRI including internal derangement, metastatic disease, infection, fractures, and joint degeneration. However, the detection of musculoskeletal disease on CT and especially MRI is challenging, as it often requires analyzing complex abnormalities on multiple slices of image datasets with different tissue contrasts. Thus, additional technical development is needed to create deep‐learning methods for reliable and repeatable interpretation of musculoskeletal CT and MRI examinations. Furthermore, the diagnostic performance of all deep‐learning methods for detecting and characterizing musculoskeletal disease must be evaluated in prospective studies using large image datasets acquired at different institutions with different imaging parameters and different imaging hardware before they can be implemented in clinical practice.Level of Evidence5Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1607–1619.
A shift in eruption mode of Hekla volcano, Iceland, 3000 years ago: two‐coloured Hekla tephra series, characteristics, dispersal and age
Authors: LARSEN GUDRÚN , Róbertsdóttir Bryndís G. , Óladóttir Bergrún A. , EIRÍKSSON JÓN 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTHekla volcano is a major producer of large, widespread silicic tephras. About 3000 years ago, the dominant eruption mode shifted from infrequent large (>1 km3) to more frequent moderate (<1 km3) eruptions. In the following two millennia ≥20 explosive silicic‐to‐intermediate eruptions occurred, and six or more basaltic. Three categories can be identified with dacite/andesite to basaltic andesite in the oldest eruptions through basaltic andesite to basalt in the youngest eruptions. Ten tephra layers of the first category have distinct field characteristics: a pale lower unit and a dark upper unit (two coloured or TC‐layers). Colour separation is sharp indicating a stratified magma chamber origin. The lower unit is dominantly andesitic (61–63% SiO2), while the upper unit is basaltic andesite (53–57% SiO2). Volumes of the eight largest TC‐layers range from 0.2 to 0.7 km3 as freshly fallen. Radiocarbon and soil accumulation rate dates constrain the TC‐layers to between 3000 and 2200 years ago. Two of these (~2890 and ~2920 b2k) are likely to occur overseas. Low SiO2 in the last erupted tephra of the TC‐layers is comparable to that of historical Hekla lavas, implying a final effusive phase. The Hekla edifice may, consequently, be younger than 3000 years.
Demographic, Taxonomic, and Genetic Characterization of the Snook Species Complex (Centropomus spp.) along the Leading Edge of Its Range in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Anderson Joel , Williford Damon , González Alin , Chapa Chris , Martinez-Andrade Fernando , Overath R. Deborah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A recent increase in the abundance of snook species (Centropomus spp.) in Texas has been generally associated with a broad-scale warming trend of Texas’ inshore waters, closure of the commercial fishery in 1987, and fairly conservative restrictions on recreational catch implemented at the same time. Despite this observed increase in abundance, little is known about the snook species complex in Texas, including uncertainty about recent changes in distribution and abundance, taxonomy, and population structure. Here, abundance and distribution data from a long-running fishery-independent (FIN) data set were analyzed in synergy with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite genotypes to answer basic questions about the snook species complex in Texas. The main findings from this work are as follows: (1) based on trends observed in FIN data, snook are increasing in abundance and expanding their range northward in Texas; (2) based on mtDNA sequencing, the two most common species of snook in Texas are the Common Snook C. undecimalis and Largescale Fat Snook C. mexicanus; (3) a third species, the Mexican Snook C. poeyi, occurs but only rarely; and (4) patterns from microsatellite genotypes suggest that the two predominant species, Common Snook and Largescale Fat Snook, probably constitute single genetic stocks in Texas, although evidence of chaotic genetic patchiness was also observed. This latter finding might be a general expectation for populations that are on the leading edge of an expanding species range and implies that management measures in Texas should be directed toward conservation of suitable habitat corridors offering environmental and habitat refugia as well as measures (e.g., stock enhancement) that increase the probability of survival of small, localized populations.
Longitudinal changes in symptom‐based female and male LUTS clusters
Authors: Amundsen Cindy L. , Helmuth Margaret E. , Smith Abigail R. , DeLancey John O.L. , Bradley Catherine S. , Flynn Kathryn E. , Kenton Kimberly S. , Henry Lai H. , Cella David , Griffith James W. , Andreev Victor P. , Eric Jelovsek J. , Liu Alice B. , Kirkali Ziya , Yang Claire C. ,   the LURN Study Group
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are diverse in type and variable in severity. We examined symptom change within the Symptoms of the Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN) Observational Cohort study identified clusters over time and tested associations with treatments received.MethodsPatient‐reported LUTS and treatment data were collected at multiple time points between baseline and 12 months from the LURN Observational Cohort study. LUTS severity scores were calculated to summarize changes in symptom reporting over time in previously identified LURN clusters. Repeated measures linear regression models tested adjusted associations between cluster membership and severity scores.ResultsFour‐hundred seventeen men and 396 women were classified into improved, unchanged, and worsened symptoms between baseline and 12 months (men: 44.1%, 40.5%, and 15.3%; women: 55.8%, 33.1%, 11.1%, respectively). Improvement in LUTS severity scores varied by cluster (estimated adjusted mean change from baseline range: −.04 change in standard deviations of severity scores (ΔSD) to −.67 ΔSD). Prostate surgery was associated with improved severity scores (−.63 ΔSD) in men, while stress incontinence surgery was associated with improved severity scores (−.88 ΔSD) in women.ConclusionSymptom improvement varied by cluster indicating response to therapy differs amongst subtypes of patients with LUTS. The differential improvement of patients in clusters suggests mechanistic differences between clusters and may aid in selecting more targeted treatments in the future.
Diffusion behavior of cerebral metabolites of congenital portal systemic shunt mice assessed noninvasively by diffusion‐weighted 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Dehghani Masoumeh , Kunz Nicolas , Lei Hongxia 
Published: November 2019

Diffusion‐weighted 1H‐MRS (DW‐MRS) allows for noninvasive investigation of the cellular compartmentalization of cerebral metabolites. DW‐MRS applied to the congenital portal systemic shunt (PSS) mouse brain may provide specific insight into alterations of cellular restrictions associated with PSS in humans. At 14.1 T, adult male PSS and their age‐matched healthy (Ctrl) mice were studied using DW‐MRS covering b‐values ranging from 0 to 45 ms/μm2 to determine the diffusion behavior of abundant metabolites. The remarkable sensitivity and spectral resolution, in combination with very high diffusion weighting, allowed for precise measurement of the diffusion properties of endogenous N‐acetyl‐aspartate, total creatine, myo‐inositol, total choline with extension to glutamine and glutamate in mouse brains, in vivo. Most metabolites had comparable diffusion properties in PSS and Ctrl mice, suggesting that intracellular distribution space for these metabolites was not affected in the model. The slightly different diffusivity of the slow decaying component of taurine (0.015 ± 0.003 μm2/ms in PSS vs 0.021 ± 0.002 μm2/ms in Ctrl, P < 0.05) might support a cellular redistribution of taurine in the PSS mouse brain.
Motion‐compensated b‐tensor encoding for in vivo cardiac diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: Lasič Samo , Szczepankiewicz Filip , Dall'Armellina Erica , Das Arka , Kelly Christopher , Plein Sven , Schneider Jürgen E. , Nilsson Markus , Teh Irvin 
Published: November 2019

Motion is a major confound in diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in the body, and it is a common cause of image artefacts. The effects are particularly severe in cardiac applications, due to the nonrigid cyclical deformation of the myocardium. Spin echo‐based DWI commonly employs gradient moment‐nulling techniques to desensitise the acquisition to velocity and acceleration, ie, nulling gradient moments up to the 2nd order (M2‐nulled). However, current M2‐nulled DWI scans are limited to encode diffusion along a single direction at a time.We propose a method for designing b‐tensors of arbitrary shapes, including planar, spherical, prolate and oblate tensors, while nulling gradient moments up to the 2nd order and beyond. The design strategy comprises initialising the diffusion encoding gradients in two encoding blocks about the refocusing pulse, followed by appropriate scaling and rotation, which further enables nulling undesired effects of concomitant gradients. Proof‐of‐concept assessment of in vivo mean diffusivity (MD) was performed using linear and spherical tensor encoding (LTE and STE, respectively) in the hearts of five healthy volunteers. The results of the M2‐nulled STE showed that (a) the sequence was robust to cardiac motion, and (b) MD was higher than that acquired using standard M2‐nulled LTE, where diffusion‐weighting was applied in three orthogonal directions, which may be attributed to the presence of restricted diffusion and microscopic diffusion anisotropy.Provided adequate signal‐to‐noise ratio, STE could significantly shorten estimation of MD compared with the conventional LTE approach. Importantly, our theoretical analysis and the proposed gradient waveform design may be useful in microstructure imaging beyond diffusion tensor imaging where the effects of motion must be suppressed.
Sacred groves and serpent‐gods moderate human–snake relations
Authors: Landry Yuan Félix , Ballullaya U. Prashanth , Roshnath Ramesh , Bonebrake Timothy C. , Sinu Palatty Allesh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Serpent‐god worship is an ancient tradition still practiced in many sacred groves across the Western Ghats of India. Although sacred groves there hold ecological conservation value, few studies have focused on arguably the most iconic taxon in the region, snakes.

We thus investigated the impact of sacred groves and snake deity worshipping on attitudes towards snakes by conducting surveys with people who had entered sacred groves in the past.

We found that very few participants who had encountered snakes inside sacred groves in the past harmed them during these encounters. However, nearly a quarter of all participants do harm snakes if encountered outside sacred groves.

We also found that a larger proportion of participants who do not harm snakes outside sacred groves worship snake deities, relative to those that do harm them.

Our work thus highlights the influence of sacred groves and snake deity worshipping on pacifistic human–snake relations in Southwestern India.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Photovoltaic chimney: Thermal modeling and concept demonstration for integration in buildings
Authors: Ortiz Lizcano Juan Camilo , Haghighi Zoheir , Wapperom Sander , Infante Ferreira Carlos , Isabella Olindo , v. d. Dobbelsteen Andy , Zeman Miro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis work presents the concept of a photovoltaic (PV)‐powered solar chimney. We modeled and experimentally studied the integration of a PV system within a naturally ventilated façade (NVF), attempting to use the inherent cavity as a ventilation channel to transfer heat. Thermodynamic models were created to study the thermal and, therefore, the electrical performance of a PV system installed at different positions within the cavity of the NVF. An experimental setup of the PV chimney was manufactured to validate the computational models. Results show low root mean square error (RMSE) values for the prediction of the mass flow and the temperature of the different materials considered in the chimney. A basic sensitivity analysis was performed to find the best position of the PV modules within the chimney for a three‐story household in the Netherlands. Optimization showed that with a cavity depth of 0.2 m with PV modules located at the front layer, the electric annual yield is maximized. For the same cavity depth, placing the modules in the middle significantly increases heat flow production, albeit with a reduction on electrical performance.
An integrative review on the positive expiratory pressure (PEP)‐bottle therapy for patients with pulmonary diseases
Authors: Liverani Benedetta , Nava Stefano , Polastri Massimiliano 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and PurposePositive expiratory pressure (PEP)‐bottle device delivers a PEP within a range of 10–20 cmH2O. PEP treatment is applied to different pathological conditions also in combination with other physiotherapeutic techniques. The primary aim of the present review was to investigate the effects of PEP‐bottle therapy in patients with pulmonary diseases and, secondarily, to provide a physiological analysis of its use.MethodsThe databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cinahl, and Cochrane Library were searched for citations published from their inception until May 2019. Adult participants (>18 years) with pulmonary disease who underwent PEP‐bottle treatment, with no restriction on gender, were included in the study. There were no restrictions about the therapeutic settings and the condition of the disease (either acute or chronic).ResultsThe literature review returned 97 citations. After duplicates removal, the remaining 77 articles have been screened: 66 have been assessed as not eligible at first because the abstract did not meet the inclusion criteria. Eleven articles were left after the first two steps of selection: four have been excluded after full‐text reading.ConclusionPEP‐bottle therapy has been proved to improve lung volume, to reduce hyperinflation, and to remove secretions. The device delivers a pressure equal to the water column only if the inner diameter of the tubing and the width of the air escape orifice are equal or greater than 8 mm, and the length of tubing ranges between 20 and 80 cm. The cost of a PEP‐bottle device is significantly lower if compared with other commercially available devices having the same therapeutic purposes.
Logic‐based probabilistic network model to detect and track faults in a process system
Authors: Tahoon Amr Ibrahim , Rusli Risza , Khan Faisal , Zainal Abidin Mardhati 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProcess systems are becoming complex due to a higher dependency among operational variables and complex control loops. Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used to reduce the dimensionality of the complex process systems, while Bayesian networks (BNs) are increasingly employed to model relationships among the operational variables. This article integrates these two methods (BN and PCA) through a logic‐based approach to study the fault conditions of a process system. A distillation pilot plant is used to test the integrated approach. The process monitoring data are analyzed using the PCA to identify the abnormality variables while the BN is developed using data‐driven learning. The variable dependency in the BN nodes is learned through maximum likelihood estimation. The results of the proposed approach are compared against the logic‐based full BN model. The study observes that the logic‐based PCA‐BN approach proposed improves the reliability of fault detection. While the logic‐based full BN provides a better understanding of fault propagation path through the unit, which helps track and troubleshoot the detected faults.
Overexpression of the caryophyllene synthase gene GhTPS1 in cotton negatively affects multiple pests while attracting parasitoids
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Lu Guoqing , Huang Xinzheng , Guo Huiming , Su Xiaofeng , Han Lida , Zhang Yongjun , Qi Zhi , Xiao Yutao , Cheng Hongmei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUDVolatile terpenes can act as ecological signals to affect insect behavior. It has been proposed that the manipulation of terpenes in plants can help to control herbivore pests. In order to investigate the potential pest management function of (E)‐β‐caryophyllene in cotton plants, the (E)‐β‐caryophyllene synthase gene (GhTPS1) was inserted into Gossypium hirsutum variety R15 to generate overexpression lines.RESULTSFour GhTPS1‐transgenic lines were generated, and GhTPS1 expression in transgenic L18 and L46 lines was 3‐5‐fold higher than in R15 plants. The transgenic L18 and L46 lines also emitted significantly more (E)‐β‐caryophyllene than R15. In laboratory bioassays, L18 and L46 plants reduced pests Apolygus lucorum, Aphis gossypii and Helicoverpa armigera, and attracted parasitoids Peristenus spretus and Aphidius gifuensis, but not Microplitis mediator. In open‐field trials, L18 and L46 plants reduced A. lucorum, Adelphocoris suturalis and H. armigera, but had no significant effects on predators.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that L18 and L46 plants reduce several major hemipteran and lepidopteran cotton pests, whereas, two parasitoids P. spretus and A. gifuensis, were attracted by L18 and L46 plants. This study shows that overexpressing GhTPS1 in cotton may help to improve pest management in cotton fields. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Bringing city size in understanding the permanent settlement intention of rural–urban migrants in China
Authors: Liu Tao , Wang Jiejing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChina's recenthukoureform provides opportunities for rural–urban migrants to acquire formal citizenship and for the country's urbanisation to step into a fair and humanistic stage. However, the between‐city variation in migrants' intention ofhukoutransfer and the heterogeneity of its influencing factors have rarely been examined. These research gaps make it impossible to the rationality and effectiveness of the localisedhukouentry criteria formulated by city governments. In this paper, we addressed the gaps by using nationwide large‐sample survey data and a multilevel modelling approach with particular focus on the effects of city size. Results confirmed the higher willingness of migrants in larger cities forhukoutransfer, which is in sharp contradiction with the small‐city orientation of the currenthukoureform. Our findings further verified the greater preference of well‐educated migrants for large cities than less educated groups, implying an accelerated concentration of talents in leading cities. This research demonstrates the importance of the between‐city variation perspective in understanding the variegated thoughts of rural–urban migrants, the effectiveness of localised public policies, and the future of China's migrant‐dominated model of urbanisation.
Dynamic sustainability capabilities and corporate sustainability performance: The mediating effect of resource management capabilities
Authors: Shang Hua , Chen Renfei , Li Zhongwen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCorporate sustainable development has become an important topic for academic discussion. Sustainability is a managerial trend playing an important role in contemporary organizational strategy management. There has been little study about the ability of companies to make sustainability more dynamic and to integrate sustainability within overarching strategies, transforming sustainability into a business asset. This study examines ways to translate dynamic sustainability capabilities into corporate sustainability performance from a natural resource‐based view. The study investigates the mediating effect of resource management capabilities to connect dynamic sustainability capabilities and corporate sustainability performance. Survey data were collected from 163 corporations in China. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results demonstrate that (a) dynamic sustainability capabilities are composed of monitoring, seizing, and reconstructing capabilities; (b) dynamic capabilities with respect to sustainability have a significant positive effect on each dimension of corporate sustainability performance; (c) resource management capabilities were found to only partially mediate the relationship between dynamic sustainability capabilities and corporate environmental and social performance; (d) economic performance exhibits no mediation. This study enriches the theory of dynamic corporate capabilities and sustainable development and provides effective management advice for companies facing sustainable development issues.
Interfacing the Cell with “Biomimetic Membrane Proteins”
Authors: Grupi Asaf , Ashur Idan , Degani‐Katzav Nurit , Yudovich Shimon , Shapira Zehavit , Marzouq Adan , Morgenstein Lion , Mandel Yossi , Weiss Shimon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntegral membrane proteins mediate a myriad of cellular processes and are the target of many therapeutic drugs. Enhancement and extension of the functional scope of membrane proteins can be realized by membrane incorporation of engineered nanoparticles designed for specific diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In contrast to hydrophobic insertion of small amphiphilic molecules, delivery and membrane incorporation of particles on the nanometric scale poses a crucial barrier for technological development. In this perspective, the transformative potential of biomimetic membrane proteins (BMPs), current state of the art, and the barriers that need to be overcome in order to advance the field are discussed.