bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OSSE Assessment of Underwater Glider Arrays to Improve Ocean Model Initialization for Tropical Cyclone Prediction
Authors: Halliwell George R. , Goni Gustavo J. , Mehari Michael F. , Kourafalou Villy H. , Baringer Molly , Atlas Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCredible tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction by coupled models requires accurate forecasts of enthalpy flux from ocean to atmosphere, which in turn requires accurate forecasts of sea surface temperature cooling beneath storms. Initial ocean fields must accurately represent ocean mesoscale features and the associated thermal and density structure. Observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are performed to quantitatively assess the impact of assimilating profiles collected from multiple underwater gliders deployed over the western North Atlantic Ocean TC region, emphasizing advantages gained by profiling from moving versus stationary platforms. Assimilating ocean profiles collected repeatedly at fixed locations produces large root-mean-square error reduction only within ~50 km of each profiler for two primary reasons. First, corrections performed during individual update cycles tend to introduce unphysical eddy structure resulting from smoothing properties of the background error covariance matrix and the tapering of innovations by a localization radius function. Second, advection produces rapid nonlinear error growth at larger distances from profiler locations. The ability of each individual moving glider to cross gradients and map mesoscale structure in its vicinity substantially reduces this nonlinear error growth. Glider arrays can be deployed with horizontal separation distances that are 50%–100% larger than those of fixed-location profilers to achieve similar mesoscale error reduction. By contrast, substantial larger-scale bias reduction in upper-ocean heat content can be achieved by deploying profiler arrays with separation distances up to several hundred kilometers, with moving gliders providing only modest additional improvement. Expected sensitivity of results to study region and data assimilation method is discussed.
The Association Between Hours Spent at Work and Obesity Status: Results From NHANES 2015 to 2016
Authors: Doerrmann Caitlin , Oancea S. Cristina , Selya Arielle 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To determine whether weekly hours worked is associated with obesity among employed adults in the United States. Design: Data from the 2015 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for this study. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a cross-sectional study. Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is conducted annually by the National Center for Health Statistics designed to assess the health and nutritional status of citizens in the United States. Participants: The final study sample size was 2,581. Measures: The outcome was obesity status (yes/no) and the exposure was the number of hours worked per week (<40, =40, >40 h/wk). Covariates of interest included in the analyses were income, age, education level, race, leisure-time physical activity, and gender. Analysis: A weighted and adjusted logistic regression model was conducted in order to investigate the association between the number of hours worked at a job per week and obesity status. Descriptive statistics and weighted and adjusted odds ratios were produced with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: After controlling for the covariates of interest, people working 40 or 40+ hours a week had 1.403 (95% CI: 1.06-1.85) and 1.409 (95% CI: 1.03-1.93) times significantly greater odds of obesity than those who work <40 hours a week, respectively. Conclusion: Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental interactions, including the number of hours a person works/week as a potential risk factor.
A Heteronomous Consumer Romance
Authors: Molesworth Mike 
Published: January 2020

In the spirit of dystopian science fiction, this story imagines marketing in a near future. A reader might recognise that there is a relationship between aesthetic forms (stories) and the dramas that play out in society and so although this is fiction, it is also about the critical concerns that are emerging in the use of corporate technologies. The story draws from theory that suggests our most intimate relationships are embedded in and create market structures, and on theory that accounts for how technology (and especially AI) has significant impact on market practices. Core ideas also reference my previous and ongoing research on the imagination, on marketplace relationships and on digital virtual consumption, and from previous accounts of AI and market/political systems in speculative fictions. I invite the reader to reflect on the sorts of dominating human–technology–market relationships that may be with us soon, and on the risk of perverse instantiations in commercial AI deployment. Overall the tone is critical, but themes are also presented as ambiguous, recognising the seductive quality of marketing technologies.
GRK6 regulates the hemostatic response to injury through its rate-limiting effects on GPCR signaling in platelets
Authors: Chen Xi , Gupta Shuchi , Cooper Matthew , DeHelian Daniel , Zhao Xuefei , Naik Meghna U. , Wurtzel Jeremy G. T. , Stalker Timothy J. , Goldfinger Lawrence E. , Benovic Jeffrey , Brass Lawrence F. , McKenzie Steven E. , Naik Ulhas P. , Ma Peisong 
Published: January 2020

Key pointsGRK6 regulates the hemostatic response by limiting platelet activation via thrombin and adenosine 5′-diphosphate. GRK6 regulates the hemostatic response by reducing PAR1/4- and P2Y12-dependent signaling.
Circulating CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells are potential precursors to LCH lesion CD1a+CD207+ cells
Authors: Lim Karen Phaik Har , Milne Paul , Poidinger Michael , Duan Kaibo , Lin Howard , McGovern Naomi , Abhyankar Harshal , Zinn Daniel , Burke Thomas M. , Eckstein Olive S. , Chakraborty Rikhia , Sengal Amel , Scull Brooks , Newell Evan , Merad Miriam , McClain Kenneth L. , Man Tsz-Kwong , Ginhoux Florent , Collin Matthew , Allen Carl E. 
Published: January 2020

Key PointsTranscriptional profile of LCH CD1a+CD207+ DCs is most closely related to that of CD1c+ mDCs in the blood. Lineage tracing with BRAFV600E and HLA-DQB2 expression supports CD1c+ mDCs as precursors to LCH CD1a+CD207+ DCs.
Trends in postrelapse survival in classic Hodgkin lymphoma patients after experiencing therapy failure following auto-HCT
Authors: Badar Talha , Epperla Narendranath , Szabo Aniko , Borson Steven , Vaughn John , George Gemlyn , Saini Neeraj , Shah Abdul Rashid , Patel Romil D. , Ahmed Sairah , Shah Nirav N. , Cashen Amanda F. , Hamadani Mehdi , Fenske Timothy S. 
Published: January 2020

Key Points
PR-OS of cHL patients has improved in recent years, likely due to incorporation of novel therapies and more effective use of allo-HCT. Future research should focus on earlier integration of novel therapies for patients with refractory disease to improve outcomes further.
Eμ and 3′RR transcriptional enhancers of the IgH locus cooperate to promote c-myc–induced mature B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Ghazzaui Nour , Issaoui Hussein , Ferrad Mélissa , Carrion Claire , Cook-Moreau Jeanne , Denizot Yves , Boyer François 
Published: January 2020

Key Points
Transcriptional cooperation between IgH Eμ and 3′RR enhancers is found during B-cell lymphomagenesis in IgH-c-myc mice. Transcriptome analysis reveals wide similarities between human and mouse Burkitt B-cell lymphomas.
An Anisotropic Microstructure Evolution in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode
Authors: Brus Grzegorz , Iwai Hiroshi , Szmyd Janusz S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe presented research shows that the long-term operation of a solid oxide fuel cell can lead to substantial anisotropic changes in anode material. The morphology of microstructure in the investigated stack was observed before and after the aging test using electron nanotomography. The microstructural parameters were estimated based on the obtained digital representation of the anode microstructure. Anisotropy was discovered in two of the three phases that constitute the anode, namely nickel and pores. The third component of the anode, which is yttrium-stabilized zirconia, remains isotropic. The changes appear at the microscale and significantly affect the transport phenomena of electrons and gasses. The obtained results indicate that the reference anode material that represents the microstructure before the aging test has isotropic properties which evolve toward strong anisotropy after 3800 h of constant operation. The presented findings are crucial for a credible numerical simulation of solid oxide fuel cells. They indicate that all homogeneous models must adequately account for the microstructure parameters that define the anisotropy of transport phenomena, especially if microstructural data is taken from a post-operational anode.
Urinary tract infections in pregnancy in a rural population of Bangladesh: population-based prevalence, risk factors, etiology, and antibiotic resistance
Authors: Lee Anne CC , Mullany Luke C. , Koffi Alain K. , Rafiqullah Iftekhar , Khanam Rasheda , Folger Lian V. , Rahman Mahmoodur , Mitra Dipak K. , Labrique Alain , Christian Parul , Uddin Jamal , Ahmed Parvez , Ahmed Salahuddin , Mahmud Arif , DasGupta Sushil K. , Begum Nazma , Quaiyum Mohammad A. , Saha Samir K. , Baqui Abdullah H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy, including asymptomatic bacteriuria, is associated with maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and low birthweight. In low-middle income countries (LMICs), the capacity for screening and treatment of UTIs is limited. The objective of this study was to describe the population-based prevalence, risk factors, etiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of UTIs in pregnancy in Bangladesh.

Methods
In a community-based cohort in Sylhet district, Bangladesh, urine specimens were collected at the household level in 4242 pregnant women (< 20 weeks gestation) for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Basic descriptive analysis was performed, as well as logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for UTI risk factors.

Results
The prevalence of UTI was 8.9% (4.4% symptomatic UTI, 4.5% asymptomatic bacteriuria). Risk factors for UTI in this population included maternal undernutrition (mid-upper arm circumference <23 cm: aOR= 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03–1.61), primiparity (aOR= 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.84), and low paternal education (no education: aOR= 1.56, 95% CI: 1.09–2.22). The predominant uro-pathogens were E. coli (38% of isolates), Klebsiella (12%), and staphyloccocal species (23%). Group B streptococcus accounted for 5.3% of uro-pathogens. Rates of antibiotic resistance were high, with only two-thirds of E. coli susceptible to 3rd generation cephalosporins.

Conclusions
In Sylhet, Bangladesh, one in 11 women had a UTI in pregnancy, and approximately half of cases were asymptomatic. There is a need for low-cost and accurate methods for UTI screening in pregnancy and efforts to address increasing rates of antibiotic resistance in LMIC.
Parental attachment and depressive symptoms in pregnancies complicated by twin-twin transfusion syndrome: a cohort study
Authors: Mackie Fiona L. , Pattison Helen , Jankovic Jelena , Morris R. Katie , Kilby Mark D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a highly morbid condition in which treatment exists, but the pregnancy remains high-risk until delivery. It may have serious sequelae, including fetal death, and in the longer term, neurodevelopmental problems. The aim of this study is to assess antenatal and postnatal parental attachment and depressive symptoms in those with pregnancies affected by TTTS.

Methods
Couples attending for fetoscopic laser ablation treatment of TTTS were asked to complete Condon’s Maternal/Paternal Antenatal/Postnatal Attachment Scale as appropriate, and the Edinburgh Depression Scale the day before ablation, 4 weeks post-ablation, and 6–10 weeks postnatally.

Results
25/27 couples completed the pre-ablation questionnaire (median gestational age 19 + 3 weeks [interquartile range 18 + 2–20 + 6]). 8/18 eligible couples returned the post-ablation questionnaire. 5/17 eligible couples returned the postnatal questionnaire. There was no significant difference in parento-fetal attachment when mothers were compared to fathers at each time point, however parento-fetal attachment did increase over time in mothers (p = 0.004), but not fathers. Mothers reported more depressive symptoms antenatally compared to fathers (p < 0.02), but there was no difference postnatally. 50% women reported Edinburgh Depression Scale scores above the cut-off (≥15) 4 weeks post-ablation. Over time maternal depressive symptoms decreased (p = 0.006), however paternal depressive symptoms remained the same.

Conclusions
This is the first attachment and depression study in a UK cohort of parents with pregnancies affected by TTTS. Although this was a small cohort and the questionnaires used had not been validated in these circumstances, the results suggest that centres caring for these couples should be aware of the risk of maternal and paternal antenatal depression, and screen and refer for additional psychological support. Further work is needed in larger cohorts.

Trial registration
ISRCTN 13114861 (retrospectively registered).
The experiences of early postpartum Shenzhen mothers and their need for home visit services: a qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Ngai Fei-wan , Zhu She-ning , Loke Alice Yuen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The early postpartum period is the most stressful period for a new mother, who is assuming new roles and responsibilities in life, and must deal with the demands from her newborn baby and her own care needs. Little is known about whether the current postnatal care services provided by hospitals and community centers meet the needs of women. The aim of this study was to identify the experiences of women in Shenzhen and the problems that they encountered during the first 6 weeks after giving birth; and to explore their expressed needs with regard to postnatal care services.

Methods
This is a qualitative exploratory study. Data were collected in November 2018 through in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. A purposive sample was recruited from a tertiary maternal hospital in Shenzhen, China. The dataset was analyzed using content analysis.

Results
Twenty-two mothers were interviewed during their postpartum body check on the 30th or 42nd day after giving birth. Six themes were identified: “the self-care needs of women,” “proficiency in infant care,” “involvement of family in postpartum and infant care,” “family conflicts over postpartum and infant care,” “preparing for the transition to parenthood / grandparenthood,” and “the need for comprehensive postpartum home visit services.”

Conclusions
The concerns expressed by the women during the postpartum period were related to their need to recover physically and to their desire to be perceived as proficient in infant care. Support from husbands and grandmothers could facilitate or impede a woman’s transition to motherhood, and the family’s transition to parenthood / grandparenthood. There were disagreements arising from intergenerational beliefs about postpartum and child care. In providing postpartum care services to women in situations where the family is involved in their care, health professionals should consider the family as a whole.
Factors associated with relevant knowledge of intestinal schistosomiasis and intention to participate in treatment campaigns: a cross sectional survey among school children at Ijinga Island on Lake Victoria, North-Western Tanzania
Authors: Parisi Sandra , Mazigo Humphrey D. , Kreibich Saskia , Puchner Karl , Kasang Christa , Mueller Andreas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Annual Mass Drug Administration (MDA) using praziquantel targeting primary school children is the main control strategy against schistosomiasis in Tanzania. However, there are concerns about decreasing participation in mass drug administration among primary school children for unknown reasons. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors related to relevant knowledge about schistosomiasis and the intention to participate in mass drug administration among primary school children in order to give recommendations for future projects.

Methods
A cross sectional, extended knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was conducted among 356 primary school children aged 5–17 years in February–March 2016 using a pre-tested questionnaire. This survey was part of a baseline assessment for an integrated proof of concept study aiming towards schistosomiasis elimination on Ijinga Island. Outcomes of interest in logistic regression analysis were relevant knowledge and high intention to participate in treatment campaigns. Explanatory variables were sociodemographic information sources and elements aligned to Protection Motivation Theory (PMT).

Results
Only 17% of the children had relevant intestinal schistosomiasis related knowledge and very few of them knew any of the S. mansoni manifestations and complications. Factors associated with relevant schistosomiasis knowledge were previous diagnosis of schistosomiasis (aOR = 2.43, 95%CI: 1.1–5.6), having heard about schistosomiasis at school (aOR = 9.94, 95%CI: 5.0–19.7) and being enrolled in 6th or 7th grade (aOR = 3.94, 95%CI: 1.3–11.8). Only 40% of the children demonstrated high intention to participate in treatment campaigns. Factors associated with high intention to participate in MDA were previous diagnosis (aOR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.1–4.7), perceived general risk of disease transmission by lake water (aOR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.0–3.1), perceived own vulnerability of getting infected (aOR = 5.10, 95%CI: 2.1–12.6), perceived danger of the disease (aOR = 2.47, 95%CI: 1.3–4.8) and the perceived effectiveness of medicaments to cure the disease (aOR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.4–5.7).

Conclusions
The minority of the school children had high level of theoretical knowledge about schistosomiasis and a small proportion of the children demonstrated high intention to participate in mass drug administration. In general, practical knowledge on preventive measures such as taking anti-schistosomiasis drug during MDA need to be impacted in school children to increase their participation in the control program.
First report of Enterobacter hormaechei with respiratory disease in calves
Authors: Wang Zhicheng , Duan Lisha , Liu Fei , Hu Yun , Leng Chaoliang , Kan Yunchao , Yao Lunguang , Shi Hongfei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Enterobacter hormaechei is commonly considered a causative pathogen for nosocomial infections and it does not usually cause diseases in animals. However, researchers have recently dissociated the pathogenic Enterobacter hormaechei from foxes and piglets. Here, the Enterobacter hormaechei was first found to be associated with respiratory disease in unweaned calves in China.

Case presentation
A 2-month-old calf was severely sick and diagnosed with respiratory infection by a rural veterinarian, and it died 5 days after treatment with penicillin G. The lung sample was then run through histopathological analysis and pathogen isolation. The sequence analysis and biochemical tests results showed the isolated bacterium strain to be Enterobacter hormaechei, and drug sensitivity tests showed resistance to all β-lactam antimicrobials and sensitivity to quinolones. Thickened alveoli septum, inflammatory cell infiltration, and erythrocyte diapedesis around the pulmonary alveoli septum were visible in lung histopathological sections. One week later, at the same farm, another calf showed similar clinical signs, and the Enterobacter hormaechei strain was isolated from its nasal discharge; after a week of treatment with enrofloxacin, as suggested by the results of drug sensitivity tests, this calf fully recovered.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of calves with respiratory disease that was associated with E. hormaechei, and multi-drug resistance was observed in isolates.
The role of the bacterial protease Prc in the uropathogenesis of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Huang Wen-Chun , Lin Chung-Yen , Hashimoto Masayuki , Wu Jiunn-Jong , Wang Ming-Cheng , Lin Wei-Hung , Chen Chang-Shi , Teng Ching-Hao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) remains one of the most prevalent bacterial pathogens that cause extraintestinal infections, including neonatal meningitis, septicemia, and urinary tract (UT) infections (UTIs). Antibiotic therapy has been the conventional treatment for such infections, but its efficacy has decreased due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Identification and characterization of bacterial factors that contribute to the severity of infection would facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The ExPEC periplasmic protease Prc contributes to the pathogen’s ability to evade complement-mediated killing in the serum. Here, we further investigated the role of the Prc protease in ExPEC-induced UTIs and the underlying mechanism.

Methods
The uropathogenic role of Prc was determined in a mouse model of UTIs. Using global quantitative proteomic analyses, we revealed that the expression of FliC and other outer membrane-associated proteins was altered by Prc deficiency. Comparative transcriptome analyses identified that Prc deficiency affected expression of the flagellar regulon and genes that are regulated by five extracytoplasmic signaling systems.

Results
A mutant ExPEC with a prc deletion was attenuated in bladder and kidney colonization. Global quantitative proteomic analyses of the prc mutant and wild-type ExPEC strains revealed significantly reduced flagellum expression in the absence of Prc, consequently impairing bacterial motility. The prc deletion triggered downregulation of the flhDC operon encoding the master transcriptional regulator of flagellum biogenesis. Overexpressing flhDC restored the prc mutant’s motility and ability to colonize the UT, suggesting that the impaired motility is responsible for attenuated UT colonization of the mutant. Further comparative transcriptome analyses revealed that Prc deficiency activated the σE and RcsCDB signaling pathways. These pathways were responsible for the diminished flhDC expression. Finally, the activation of the RcsCDB system was attributed to the intracellular accumulation of a known Prc substrate Spr in the prc mutant. Spr is a peptidoglycan hydrolase and its accumulation destabilizes the bacterial envelope.

Conclusions
We demonstrated for the first time that Prc is essential for full ExPEC virulence in UTIs. Our results collectively support the idea that Prc is essential for bacterial envelope integrity, thus explaining how Prc deficiency results in an attenuated ExPEC.