bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A drug–drug interaction study to evaluate the impact of peficitinib on OCT1- and MATE1-mediated transport of metformin in healthy volunteers
Authors: Shibata Mai , Toyoshima Junko , Kaneko Yuichiro , Oda Kazuo , Nishimura Tetsuya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Peficitinib is an oral pan-Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Co-administration of peficitinib with metformin, a type 2 diabetes therapy, can occur in clinical practice. Hepatic and renal uptake of metformin is mediated by organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) and OCT2, respectively, and its renal excretion by multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1) and MATE2-K. This study investigated the effect of peficitinib on metformin pharmacokinetics in vitro and in healthy volunteers.

Methods
Inhibitory effects of peficitinib and its metabolite H2 on metformin uptake into human OCT1/2- and MATE1/2-K-expressing cells were assessed in vitro. In an open-label, drug–drug interaction study, 24 healthy volunteers received a single dose of metformin 750 mg on Days 1 and 10, and a single dose of peficitinib 150 mg on Days 3 and 5–11. Blood and urine samples were collected pre-dose on Days 1 and 10, and at intervals ≤ 48 h post-dose. Metformin concentration was determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its pharmacokinetic parameters calculated.

Results
Peficitinib, but not H2, inhibited metformin uptake into OCT1- and MATE1/2-K-expressing cells. Repeated-dose administration of peficitinib reduced metformin area under the concentration–time curve from 0 h extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf) by 17.4%, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) by 17.0%, and renal clearance (CLR) by 12.9%. Co-administration of peficitinib with metformin was generally well tolerated.

Conclusion
Slight changes in AUCinf, Cmax and CLR of metformin were observed when co-administered with peficitinib; however, these changes were considered not clinically relevant.
Hybrid PET/MR imaging for the prediction of left ventricular recovery after percutaneous revascularisation of coronary chronic total occlusions
Authors: Vitadello Teresa , Kunze Karl P. , Nekolla Stephan G. , Langwieser Nicolas , Bradaric Christian , Weis Florian , Cassese Salvatore , Fusaro Massimiliano , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Lewalter Thorsten , Schwaiger Markus , Kastrati Adnan , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Rischpler Christoph , Ibrahim Tareq 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate myocardial viability assessment with hybrid 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging ([18F]FDG-PET/MR) in predicting left ventricular (LV) wall motion recovery after percutaneous revascularisation of coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO).

Methods and results
Forty-nine patients with CTO and corresponding wall motion abnormality (WMA) underwent [18F]FDG-PET/MR imaging for viability assessment prior to percutaneous revascularisation. After 3–6 months, 23 patients underwent follow-up MR to evaluate wall motion recovery. In total, 124 segments were assigned to the CTO territories, while 80 segments displayed impaired wall motion. Of these, 68% (54) were concordantly viable in PET and MR; conversely, only 2 segments (2%) were assessed non-viable by both modalities. However, 30% showed a discordant viability pattern, either PET non-viable/MR viable (3 segments, 4%) or PET viable/MR non-viable (21 segments, 26%), and the latter revealed a significant wall motion improvement at follow-up (p = 0.033). Combined imaging by [18F]FDG-PET/MR showed a fair accuracy in predicting myocardial recovery after CTO revascularisation (PET/MR area under ROC curve (AUC) = 0.72, p = 0.002), which was superior to LGE-MR (AUC = 0.66) and [18F]FDG-PET (AUC = 0.58) alone.

Conclusion
Hybrid PET/MR imaging prior to CTO revascularisation predicts more accurately the recovery of dysfunctional myocardium than PET or MR alone. Its complementary information may identify regions of viable myocardium with increased potential for functional recovery.
Measurement of sedentary time and physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis: an ActiGraph and activPAL™ validation study
Authors: O’Brien Ciara M. , Duda Joan L. , Kitas George D. , Veldhuijzen van Zanten Jet J. C. S. , Metsios George S. , Fenton Sally A. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccurate measurement of sedentary time and physical activity (PA) is essential to establish their relationships with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) outcomes. Study objectives were to: (1) validate the GT3X+ and activPAL3μ™, and develop RA-specific accelerometer (count-based) cut-points for measuring sedentary time, light-intensity PA and moderate-intensity PA (laboratory-validation); (2) determine the accuracy of the RA-specific (vs. non-RA) cut-points, for estimating free-living sedentary time in RA (field-validation).Laboratory-validation: RA patients (n = 22) were fitted with a GT3X+, activPAL3μ™ and indirect calorimeter. Whilst being video-recorded, participants undertook 11 activities, comprising sedentary, light-intensity and moderate-intensity behaviours. Criterion standards for devices were indirect calorimetry (GT3X+) and direct observation (activPAL3μ™).Field-validation: RA patients (n = 100) wore a GT3X+ and activPAL3μ™ for 7 days. The criterion standard for sedentary time cut-points (RA-specific vs. non-RA) was the activPAL3μ™. Results of the laboratory-validation: GT3X—receiver operating characteristic curves generated RA-specific cut-points (counts/min) for: sedentary time = ≤ 244; light-intensity PA = 245–2501; moderate-intensity PA ≥ 2502 (all sensitivity ≥ 0.87 and 1-specificity ≤ 0.11). ActivPAL3μ™—Bland–Altman 95% limits of agreement (lower–upper [min]) were: sedentary = (− 0.1 to 0.2); standing = (− 0.7 to 1.1); stepping = (− 1.2 to 0.6). Results of the field-validation: compared to the activPAL3μ™, Bland–Altman 95% limits of agreement (lower–upper) for sedentary time (min/day) estimated by the RA-specific cut-point = (− 42.6 to 318.0) vs. the non-RA cut-point = (− 19.6 to 432.0). In conclusion, the activPAL3μ™ accurately quantifies sedentary, standing and stepping time in RA. The RA-specific cut-points offer a validated measure of sedentary time, light-intensity PA and moderate-intensity PA in these patients, and demonstrated superior accuracy for estimating free-living sedentary time, compared to non-RA cut-points.
In vivo biomimetic calcification of selected organic scaffolds using snail shell regeneration: a new methodological approach
Authors: Machałowski Tomasz , Wysokowski Marcin , Petrenko Iaroslav , Langer Enrico , Tsurkan Dmitry , Jesionowski Teofil , Ehrlich Hermann 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn vivo biomimetic biomineralization using living organisms known as biomineralizers is currently a major research trend. Industrially cultivated terrestrial snails, such as the common garden snailCornu aspersum, represent a simple model organism that is ideal for use in experiments on the regeneration of the calcified shell after the excavation of a corresponding shell fragment. The mollusk’s artificially damaged shell is regenerated via the formation of an organic regenerative membrane, which serves as a native template for in vivo biocalcification. In this study, for the first time, a special plexiglass device for non-lethal fixation of living snails, enabling real-time monitoring of their ability to regenerate their shells using digital microscopy, has been proposed and tested. As an alternative to natural biomineralization using the mollusk’s own sources, we propose chitin- and collagen-based templates, which have been shown to be effectively calcified by living snails. The results indicate that the type of organic template used for in vivo biomineralization has a substantial effect on the nature of the mineral phases.
Sheaf-Theoretic Stratification Learning from Geometric and Topological Perspectives
Authors: Brown Adam , Wang Bei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate a sheaf-theoretic interpretation of stratification learning from geometric and topological perspectives. Our main result is the construction of stratification learning algorithms framed in terms of a sheaf on a partially ordered set with the Alexandroff topology. We prove that the resulting decomposition is the unique minimal stratification for which the strata are homogeneous and the given sheaf is constructible. In particular, when we choose to work with the local homology sheaf, our algorithm gives an alternative to the local homology transfer algorithm given in Bendich et al. (Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 1355–1370, ACM, New York, 2012), and the cohomology stratification algorithm given in Nanda (Found. Comput. Math. 20(2), 195–222, 2020). Additionally, we give examples of stratifications based on the geometric techniques of Breiding et al. (Rev. Mat. Complut. 31(3), 545–593, 2018), illustrating how the sheaf-theoretic approach can be used to study stratifications from both topological and geometric perspectives. This approach also points toward future applications of sheaf theory in the study of topological data analysis by illustrating the utility of the language of sheaf theory in generalizing existing algorithms.
Derivation of a Homogenized Bending–Torsion Theory for Rods with Micro-Heterogeneous Prestrain
Authors: Bauer Robert , Neukamm Stefan , Schäffner Mathias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper we investigate rods made of nonlinearly elastic, composite–materials that feature a micro-heterogeneous prestrain that oscillates (locally periodic) on a scale that is small compared to the length of the rod. As a main result we derive a homogenized bending–torsion theory for rods as$\Gamma $Γ-limit from 3D nonlinear elasticity by simultaneous homogenization and dimension reduction under the assumption that the prestrain is of the order of the diameter of the rod. The limit model features a spontaneous curvature–torsion tensor that captures the macroscopic effect of the micro-heterogeneous prestrain. We devise a formula that allows to compute the spontaneous curvature–torsion tensor by means of a weighted average of the given prestrain. The weight in the average depends on the geometry of the composite and invokes correctors that are defined with help of boundary value problems for the system of linear elasticity. The definition of the correctors depends on a relative scaling parameter$\gamma $γ, which monitors the ratio between the diameter of the rod and the period of the composite’s microstructure. We observe an interesting size-effect: For the same prestrain a transition from flat minimizers to curved minimizers occurs by just changing the value of$\gamma $γ. Moreover, in the paper we analytically investigate the microstructure-properties relation in the case of isotropic, layered composites, and consider applications to nematic liquid–crystal–elastomer rods and shape programming.
Moral Luck, Responsibility, and Systems of Tort Liability
Authors: Voyiakis Emmanuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBernard Williams drew our attention to what might be wrong with denying the role of luck in our understanding of agency and responsibility. Susan Wolf and David Enoch, in separate works, have asked us to focus instead on what might be virtuous and valuable in embracing that role, and on how our institutions might assist us in that regard. They claim that the agent who ‘takes’ a responsibility that law or morality do not already assign to them may be displaying a special moral virtue or exercising a distinctive moral power. I raise some objections to Wolf’s and Enoch’s case for that claim, and query some of its purported institutional implications for tort law systems.
Retributivism, Justification and Credence: The Epistemic Argument Revisited
Authors: Jeppsson Sofia M. I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHarming other people is prima facie wrong. Unless we can be very certain that doing so is justified under the circumstances, we ought not to do it. In this paper, I argue that we ought to dismantle harsh retributivist criminal justice systems for this reason; we cannot be sufficiently certain that the harm is justified. Gregg Caruso, Ben Vilhauer and others have previously argued for the same conclusion; however, my own version sidesteps certain controversial premises of theirs. Harsh retributivist criminal justice can only be morally right if the following three propositions are true: Moral responsibility exists, retributivism is right, and we can find out how much punishment offenders deserve for their crimes. Suppose that we initially assign a high credence to each of the three propositions; I assume for the sake of argument that there are good arguments in support of each. Nevertheless, these arguments ultimately depend on intuitions. Since we have philosophical peers whose intuitions differ from ours, we ought to downgrade our credence in each. However, even slightly less credence in each proposition means far less credence in a conjunction of all three. Since the stakes are high and there are morally safer options for a criminal justice system, we ought to dismantle harsh retributivist ones.
What should organic farmers grow: heritage or modern spring wheat cultivars?
Authors: Løes Anne-Kristin , Frøseth Randi B. , Dieseth Jon Arne , Skaret Josefine , Lindö Caroline 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo achieve a complete organic value chain, we need organic seed from cultivars adapted to organic growing. A separate breeding for organic growing is difficult to achieve in small markets. Many breeding goals are equal for organic and conventional cereals, and cultivars failing to qualify as a commercial variety for conventional growing may possibly perform well in organic growing, with different regimes of fertilisation and plant protection. A field trial was conducted over 2 years to compare 25 cultivars of spring wheat, ranging from one land race and some old varieties released between 1940 and 1967, to modern market varieties and breeding lines. Grain yield, agronomic characteristics and grain and flour quality, including mineral content, were recorded. The performance of the 20 most interesting cultivars in artisan bread baking was measured, as were sensory attributes in sourdough bread from six cultivars. Modern varieties and breeding lines gave higher yields and had larger kernels, better grain filling, higher falling numbers and higher SDS-sedimentation volumes compared with old cultivars. The old cultivars, on average, had higher concentrations of minerals, although the growing site had a strong effect on mineral concentrations. Bread from modern cultivars performed best in a baking test. Several sensory attributes such as juiciness, chew resistance, firmness, acid taste and vinegar odour varied significantly between the six tested cultivars. Land races and old varieties have an important cultural value, and many consumers are willing to pay a premium price for such products. This will be required since yield levels are often considerably lower, especially with humid weather conditions at harvest.
Job loss at home: children’s school performance during the Great Recession
Authors: Ruiz-Valenzuela Jenifer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the intergenerational impact of parental job loss on school performance during the Great Recession in Spain. Collecting data through parental surveys in a school in the province of Barcelona, I obtain information about the parental labour market status before and after the Great Recession. I can then link this information to repeated information on their children’s school performance, for a sample of over 300 students. Using individual fixed effects, the estimates show a negative and significant decrease on average grades of around 15% of a standard deviation after father’s job loss. These results are mainly driven by those students whose fathers suffer long unemployment spells. In contrast, the average impact of mother’s job loss on school performance is close to zero and non-significant. The decline in school performance during the Great Recession after father’s job loss, particularly among disadvantaged students, could result in detrimental long-term effects that might contribute to increased inequality. This could be an important and underemphasised cost of recessions.
CD105 is a prognostic marker and valid endothelial target for microbubble platforms in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Nair Amit , Ingram Nicola , Verghese Eldo T. , Wijetunga Imeshi , Markham Alexander F. , Wyatt Judy , Prasad K. Rajendra , Coletta P. Louise 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The current treatment outcomes in cholangiocarcinoma are poor with cure afforded only by surgical extirpation. The efficacy of targeting the tumoural endothelial marker CD105 in cholangiocarcinoma, as a basis for potential microbubble-based treatment, is unknown and was explored here.

Methods
Tissue expression of CD105 was quantified using immunohistochemistry in 54 perihilar cholangiocarcinoma samples from patients who underwent resection in a single centre over a ten-year period, and analysed against clinicopathological data. In vitro flow assays using microbubbles functionalised with CD105 antibody were conducted to ascertain specificity of binding to murine SVR endothelial cells. Finally, CD105-microbubbles were intravenously administered to 10 Balb/c nude mice bearing heterotopic subcutaneous human extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (TFK-1 and EGI-1) xenografts after which in vivo binding was assessed following contrast-enhanced destruction replenishment ultrasound application.

Results
Though not significantly associated with any examined clinicopathological variable, we found that higher CD105 expression was independently associated with poorer patient survival (median 12 vs 31 months; p = 0.002). In vitro studies revealed significant binding of CD105-microbubbles to SVR endothelial cells in comparison to isotype control (p = 0.01), as well as in vivo to TFK-1 (p = 0.02) and EGI-1 (p = 0.04) mouse xenograft vasculature.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that CD105 is a biomarker eminently suitable for cholangiocarcinoma targeting using functionalised microbubbles.
Seasonal Differences in Rural Particulate Matter Ecotoxicity
Authors: Kováts Nora , Fábián Virág Adrienn , Hubai Katalin , Diósi Dorina , Sainnokhoi Tsend-Ayush , Békéssy Zsófia , Teke Gábor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe composition of atmospheric particulate matter, including particle-bound polyaromatic hydrocarbons, generally shows a clear seasonal pattern which is reflected in its ecotoxicity as well. This study aimed at characterising seasonal differences in the ecotoxicity of rural aerosol samples applying both luminescent bacteria and higher plants as test organisms. Higher plant phytotoxicity was assessed by the Sinapis alba root growth inhibition test and the Vegetative Vigour Test. Different bioassays and end-points showed different sensitivity: while the Sinapis alba assay showed no toxic effect, luminescent bacteria proved an excellent screening tool, detecting no toxicity in the summer sample and the highest inhibition in the winter sample, with EC20 = 9.87%. In the case of Vegetative Vigour Test, parallel application of different end-points revealed that atmospheric particulate matter might have a Janus-faced effect: stimulation of photosynthetic pigments due to nutrient content and growth impairment due to toxic components.
‘Makin’ it’ in the Heartland: Exploring perceptions of success among second‐generation immigrant youth in St. Louis
Authors: Sichling Florian , Karamehic‐Muratovic Ajlina 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionDebates in the literature on youth transitions and on immigrant adaptation acknowledge that recent societal shifts have altered the conditions for young people growing up today. As a result, traditional notions of success may limit our understanding of the mechanisms that lead to differential transitional and adaptation pathways among today's children of immigrants. This study explores the definitions of success among a sample of Bosnian‐origin youth in St. Louis.MethodThe analysis is based on the first wave of in‐depth qualitative interviews with 58 Bosnian second‐generation youth (age 15–23) in St. Louis. Interviews lasted 45–90 min, were conducted in English, transcribed and coded following an inductive analytic logic.ResultsOverall the respondents complemented traditional notions of success, such as material stability and family formation with more subjective indicators such as self‐fulfillment and happiness.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance for future waves of data collection to trace how definitions of success evolve and how they shape particular trajectories of the youth in our study. On a more general level, these findings urge researchers to incorporate definitions of success that are not primarily based on social and economic status mobility in an effort to generate a more nuanced understanding of the adaptations and transitions to adulthood of today's children of immigrants.
Nontrivial solutions to Serrin's problem in annular domains
Authors: Sciaraffia Luciano , Kamburov Nikola 
Published: May 2020

We construct nontrivial bounded, real analytic domains

\mathrm{\Omega } \subseteq \mathbb{R}^{n}

of the form

\mathrm{\Omega }_{0} \setminus \overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}_{1}

, bifurcating from annuli, which admit a positive solution to the overdetermined boundary value problem

\left\{\begin{matrix} −\mathrm{\Delta }u = 1,\:u > 0 & \text{ in }\mathrm{\Omega }, \\ u = 0,\:\partial _{\nu }u = \text{const} & \text{ on }\partial \mathrm{\Omega }_{0}, \\ u = \text{const},\:\partial _{\nu }u = \text{const} & \text{ on }\partial \mathrm{\Omega }_{1}, \\ \end{matrix}\right.

where
ν
stands for the inner unit normal to ∂Ω. From results by Reichel [1] and later by Sirakov [2], it was known that the condition

\partial _{\nu }u \leq 0

on

\partial \mathrm{\Omega }_{1}

is sufficient for rigidity to hold, namely, the only domains which admit such a solution are annuli and solutions are radially symmetric. Our construction shows that the condition is also necessary. In addition, we show that the constructed domains are self-Cheeger.
SfM Photogrammetric Field Methods for Historic Burial Excavations: The Case of Bethel Cemetery
Authors: Badillo Alex Elvis , Myers Joshua A. , Peterson Ryan J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIn this article, we present a unique case study in Indianapolis, Indiana, where cultural resource management (CRM) archaeologists, alongside various university archaeologists, tested the use of SfM photogrammetry to effectively replace traditional archaeological methods of mapping and documentation during the excavation of over 500 historic burials. This project was designed with the intention of using SfM photogrammetry for 3D mapping and documentation from its inception, implementing formal procedures and protocols for data collection creating a standard workflow. To our knowledge, this is the first integrated use of SfM at this scale on an archaeological project in Indiana. By the close of fieldwork, over 300 burials had been digitally recorded, and measurable 3D models were generated. We found that the standard photogrammetry workflow implemented for single context excavation was largely successful. First, we outline the data collection process for 3D mapping of single-context excavations at Bethel Cemetery. This is followed by a description of the problems encountered during data collection and the ways the photogrammetry team adapted to variability in field environments for photocapture. Finally, we recommend the adoption of these methods by practitioners/academics as standard practice in the archaeological excavation of human remains.