bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXI-18 Influence of Akaushi Genetics on Beef Performance and Carcass Merit in Grain and Grass-finishing Systems
Authors: Maciel Isabella Cristina de Faria , Schweihofer Jeannine P , Fenton Jenifer I , Hodbod Jennifer , McKendree Melissa , Cassida Kim , Rowntree Jason E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study objective was to investigate the impact of beef genetics and finishing system on beef production and carcass merit. Red Angus (RA, n = 30) and RA x Akaushi (AK, n = 30) were equally assigned to one of two finishing treatments: a mixed-species pasture forage (GRASS) or a total mixed feedlot ration (GRAIN) in three replications. Each finishing treatment had free access to mineral and water, and GRAIN were fed once daily (20% hay and 80% concentrate) over 107 d. The grazing period was 80 d. Body weight (BW) was measured after a 12-hour fasting period at the onset and end of the trial. Animals were slaughtered at 18 and 26 mo (GRAIN and GRASS, respectively), and carcass data was collected 48 h postmortem. Initial and final BW were greater for GRAIN (469.7 and 611.0 kg) than GRASS (439.1 and 548.7 kg). Although steers had different total BW gain (141 kg for GRAIN vs 90 kg for GRASS; P &lt; 0.01), there was no difference for average daily gain between two systems. The GRAIN’s advantage in performance, led to higher HCW (+16%), ribeye area (+10%), and backfat (+52%) compared to GRASS. Dressing and marbling score were greater in GRAIN compared to GRASS (61.2 % and 621 vs 57.8 % and 417). The AK cattle presented higher values for dressing (58.7 vs 60.1%; P &lt; 0.0001), ribeye area (70.2 vs 74.3 cm2; P = 0.02), and marbling (548 vs 490, P = 0.03) compared to RA. There was genetics x diet interaction for internal fat, where AK animals had greater value than RA (2.7 vs 2.3%; P &lt; 0.0001) in the GRAIN treatment. These results indicate that GRAIN had superior performance and carcass merit and that AK enhanced these traits to a greater degree as compared to RA.
PSXI-1 Agent-based simulation model to evaluate the technical performance of reproductive programs in beef cattle
Authors: Ojeda-Rojas Oscar Alejandro , Gonella-Diaza Angela M , Coral Daniel Bustos , Sartorello Gustavo L , Reijers Thayla , Pugliesi Guilherme , Mercadante Maria , Gonçalves Cesar , Gameiro Augusto H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A stochastic, agent-based simulation model was created to compare the technical performance of reproductive strategies in beef cattle. The model was parameterized using field data and peer-reviewed scientific literature using AnyLogic software. Ten scenarios were evaluated: natural mating (NM) only (ONM); one timed artificial insemination (TAI) plus NM (1TAI+NM); two TAI plus NM, with 24, 32, and 40 days of interval between TAI (2TAI/24+NM, 2TAI/32+NM, and 2TAI/40+NM, respectively); three TAI without NM, with 24, 32, and 40 days of interval between TAI (3TAI/24, 3TAI/32, and 3TAI/40, respectively), and three TAI plus NM, with an interval between TAIs of 24 (3TAI/24+NM) and 32 days (3TAI/32+NM). The size of the female herd was up to 400 individuals. The bull population was 0, 7, or 15 bulls depending on the scenario used. The outcomes were assessed on 320 farms, using a 5,000-day time horizon at one-day time intervals and an animal-by-animal basis. The 3TAI/24+NM resulted in a higher number of births (293 births) and weaned calves (287 calves), while the ONM had the lowest number of births (207 births) as well as weaned calves (203 calves). The heaviest and lightest males at weaning belong to the 3TAI/24 (190.58 ± 0.77 kg) and ONM (166.59 ± 0.93 kg), respectively. The total pregnancy rate was highest in 3TAI/24+NM (0.90 ± 0.00) and lowest for ONM (0.61 ± 0.01). The ONM reach 50% of pregnancy 52.5 days longer when compared to the scenarios that included TAI. Our model accurately represents the main interactions of a real beef cattle herd, with all the advantages of a physical experiment without incurring significant money expenses or alterations to the system. This study suggests that scenarios with three TAI accompanied by early pregnancy diagnosis presented better technical performance and produced more and heavier calves.
PSII-10 Dynamic changes of the fecal bacterial community in dairy cows from early to mid-lactation
Authors: Huang Shuai , Wang Feiran , Ji Shoukun , Huang Jie , Alugongo Gibson Mtumishi , Li Shengli 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The dynamics of the community structure and activity of the dairy cow fecal bacterial communities，therefore this study was conducted to characterize the fecal bacterial communities during gestation and lactation unclear. Here we aimed to characterize the fecal bacterial communities in dairy cows from early to mid-lactation. Feces were sampled from 20 healthy fresh Holstein dairy cows on day 1 (Fresh1d group) and day 14 (Fresh1d group) in milk, and from 10 mid-lactation dairy cows (mid group) from 45 to 60 days in milk (55.96 ± 6.51 days in milk). The early and mid-lactation ration was fed to fresh and mid-lactation cows. The relative abundance of microbial populations and operational taxonomic units revealed significant differences between the different lactation groups (P &lt; 0.05). The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (P &lt; 0.01) and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (P = 0.02) increased, while that of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (P &lt; 0.01) decreased as lactation progressed. Especially, low abundance of Bacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella and Streptococcus were detected in mid-lactation cows, this decreased further as lactation progressed, suggesting higher risk of these pathogenic infection during early lactation. Moreover, the relative abundance of predicted microbial genes involved in membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were enriched, indicating an increase in the fermentation ability of hindgut microbiota as lactation progressed. Our study provides improved understanding of the dynamic composition and functional variation of the fecal microbiome from early to mid-lactation in dairy cows. The findings support the potential for microbial manipulation of the hindgut microbial community in dairy cows enabling the mitigation of environmental problems associated with dairy cows rearing and manure management.
PSIX-4 Fetal programming – Maternal plane of nutrition effects on progeny performance, feed efficiency, and carcass quality for feedlot steers
Authors: Acton Kortney , Mandell Ira B , Huber Lee-Anne , Steele Michael A , Wood Katharine M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To evaluate if maternal supplementation of protein and rumen-protected methionine during late gestation affects steer progeny performance and carcass quality, 138 Angus X cows were used in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Cows were randomly assigned one of three protein treatments (feeding to meet 90%, 100%, or 110% of metabolizable protein (MP) requirements), with(without) 9 g/d of rumen-protected methionine (MET) and fed these isocaloric diets for ~8 weeks before parturition. Steer progeny (n = 56) were assigned to one of seven pens by weight and received a common corn-based grower diet (58% corn silage, 26% alfalfa haylage, 15% soybean meal) for 47 days, followed by a finisher diet (78% high moisture corn, 12% alfalfa haylage, 8% soybean meal) for 115±31.5 days until slaughter. Body weights were recorded biweekly. Monthly ultrasound images of back and rump fats were captured. Organ weights were recorded at the time of slaughter, with carcass and meat quality recorded 24 to 48 hours later. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS, with maternal treatment as the fixed effect, and pen as the random effect. Feeding to meet 90% MP requirements resulted in heavier calf weaning weights compared to 100% and 110% (262, 251, and 245 ±13.9 kg, respectively; P = 0.01). Maternal nutritional treatment did not affect average daily gain, dry matter intake, feed conversion during finishing or organ weights. Increasing dietary MP content from 90%, 100% to 110% reduced grade fat thickness (15.5, 14.7, and 11.8 ±1.11 mm, respectively; P = 0.04) and yield grades (2.7, 2.9, and 2.3 ±0.17, respectively; P = 0.04), but increased lean meat yield (49.5, 49.4, and 50.6 ±0.3%, respectively; P = 0.04). These data suggest that maternal MP content may alter steer progeny carcass traits while maintaining animal performance during the finishing period.
PSIX-22 Performance, whole-blood immune gene expression, and plasma metabolome of beef steers fed diet supplemented with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial product
Authors: Ogunade Ibukun M , Compart Devan M , Pech-Cervantes Andres A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We examined the effects of dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial on the performance, whole-blood immune gene expression, and plasma metabolome of beef steers during a 42-d receiving period. Forty newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (7 d post-weaning; 210 ± 12 kg of BW) were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: basal diet with no additive (CON; n = 20) or a basal diet top-dressed with 19 g of the DFM (PROB; n = 20). PROB (PMI, Arden Hills, MN) is an optimized blend of 6.2 × 1011 cfu/g of S. cerevisiae, 3.5 × 1010 cfu/g of a mixture of Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and L. casei. Daily DMI and weekly body weights were measured to calculate average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE). Expression of 84 immune-related genes was analyzed on whole blood samples collected on days 21 and 42. Plasma metabolome was analyzed on day 42. The data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with treatment as a fixed effect and BW as a random effect. Compared with CON, PROB increased or tended to increase final body weight (P = 0.01), ADG (P = 0.04), and FE (P = 0.10). Compared with CON, PROB increased (P ≤ 0.05) the expression of seven immune-related genes involved in detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns and T-cell differentiation. Plasma metabolome analysis revealed an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in concentrations of ten metabolites involved in protecting the animals against inflammation in steers fed PROB diet. This study demonstrated that supplementation of PROB improved the performance and health of newly weaned beef steers during a 42-d receiving period.
PSVI-18 Evaluation of alternative methodologies for dry matter degradability determination in the in vitro gas production method
Authors: Lobo Annelise G , Vincenzi Rafaela , Lobo Richard R , Junior Vanderlei Benetel , Panosso Leticia L , Bermudez Yuli Andrea P , Bueno Ives Claudio da Silva 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The use of filter crucibles to determine the degradability increases the time required in the analytical process, thus reducing the speed of obtaining experimental data. This has made it necessary to search for alternative methods that ensure a homogeneous digestion and filtration system for all samples and provide accurate and accurate results. The study evaluated the in vitro dry matter degradability of five treatments: 1) Filter crucible; 2) F57 bags (Ankom®) with non-degradable mass; 3) TNT bags weighing g/m2 with non-degradable mass; 4) F57 bags (Ankom®); 5) TNT bags weighing g/m2. The in vitro gas production method used was the semiautomatic one with pressure transducer, for that 8 bovines Nellore castrated male were used as content and ruminal liquid donors. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with 5 treatments, 4 blocks (inocula), and three replicates within each block. PROC GLM was used to adjust for multiple comparisons of the data using the Tukey’s test at 5% significance. There was no difference in the in vitro dry matter degradability for 24 or 96 hours (P-value 0.0554 and 0.1411, respectively), regardless of the treatment. Thus, the possibility of using TNT made bag to the detriment of the F57 bag is affirmed because of the high cost of this one in relation to that one.
PSVI-21 Evaluation of passive immunity transfer and performance of calves receiving different sources of immunoglobulins
Authors: Tomaluski Cristiane , Coelho Marina , Dondé Sophia , Toledo Ariany , Bernardes João Pedro , Jeronymo Nathalia , Virgínio Júnior Gercino F , Bittar Carla Maris M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The efficiency in the passive immunity transfer (PIT) is directly associated with the production cost and productivity of the animals. When fresh maternal colostrum (FC) is not available, frozen colostrum or colostrum replacer (CR) are alternatives to avoid failures in PIT (FPIT). Thirty-nine Holstein calves were used in a randomized block design with gender, weight and date of birth as blocking effect, and distributed in treatments: 1) feeding of 10% BW of CF; 2) feeding of 10% BW of FC; 3) 1.5 dose of a CR (SCCL®, Saskatoon, Canada). Animals received 6L/d of milk until 56d of life when they were subjected to gradual weaning until the end of the study (63d). Feed intake and health was monitored daily, and weight and blood samples were weekly taken. The Brix value at 24h of life was higher in animals receiving maternal colostrum when compared to CR (FC: 9.52a; Frozen: 10.68a; CR: 8.23b; P &lt; 0.01). The immunoglobulins intake was higher (P &lt; 0.01) for calves fed with maternal colostrum (FC or Frozen), which may explain the differences observed in the apparent efficiency of absorption (P = 0.02). The colostrum protocols affected the serum IgG concentration assessed at 24h (FC: 26.65b; Frozen: 35.69a; CR: 16.93c; P &lt; 0.01); however, no treatment resulted in FPIT, with values of serum IgG above 10g/L. Starter intake increased during the milk-feeding period (P &lt; 0.01), with no effects of colostrum feeding. ADG was influenced by treatments (P = 0.01), with higher gains for calves fed FC, resulting in higher final BW (P = 0.04). During the milk-feeding period, plasma glucose and total serum protein were higher for FC than for CR calves, with no differences for calves fed frozen colostrum. Feeding FC resulted in heavier animals at weaning; however, the frozen colostrum and CR used in this study are adequate alternatives, with no FTIP observed.
PSVI-11 Effects of nutrient management and cropping strategies in a dual-crop forage production system of silage corn and perennial grass on nutritional quality and predicted milk production of dairy cattle
Authors: Koenig Karen , Bittman Shabtai , Li Carson , Hunt Derek , Beauchemin Karen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of incrementally applied enhanced nutrient management, cropping practices, and advanced production technologies on nutrient composition and in vitro degradability of whole plant corn and perennial grass (tall fescue) and the predicted milk production of dairy cattle. Farm management strategies included: conventional system with manure slurry broadcast, late harvest corn, and grass cut 5 times per year (F1); improved nutrient management with manure sludge applied to corn and liquid applied to grass (F2); improved nutrient management and cropping practices with separated manure, an early harvest corn inter-seeded with a relay crop (Italian ryegrass), and grass cut 3 times per year (F3); and advanced technologies that included a nitrification inhibitor (diacyandiamide, DCD; F4). The field trial was conducted as a randomized complete block design over 2 years with 4 blocks each divided into corn and grass, 4 subplots for each crop, and 2 replicates within each subplot. Enhanced nutrient, cropping, and advanced management increased (P &lt; 0.05) the crude protein (CP) concentration in corn compared to the conventional system (Table 1). The DCD reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the CP concentration and the highly degradable fiber of the relay crop compared to management without DCD. Decreasing the number of cuts of grass reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the CP concentration in the spring harvest, increased (P &lt; 0.05) the fiber concentration in spring and summer harvests, and reduced (P &lt; 0.05) fiber degradability in all harvests. Milk production predicted from the nutritional quality and representative proportions of forages using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System was increased with enhanced management. The lower forage quality of grass cut 3 times compared to 5 times annually was offset by the improved quality of corn and relay crop under enhanced field management of the dairy farm.
PSXII-12 The influence of long-term molybdenum supplementation (in drinking water or feed) on beef calf performance through weaning
Authors: Thorndyke Meghan P , Guimaraes Octavio , Tillquist Nicole M , Tangredi Briana V , Zervoudakis Joanis T , Engle Terry E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fifty-four multiparous beef cows were used to examine the effect of molybdenum (Mo) supplemented in drinking water or feed on offspring performance. Cows were blocked by body weight (BW) and age into one of 6 groups. Group were then randomly assigned to treatment. Treatments consisted of: 1) Control (no supplemental Mo or Cu), 2) Control+Cu (3 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4·5H2O added to the basal diet), 3) Control + 500 µg Mo/L from MoNa2O4·2H2O in drinking water (Mo 500-water), 4) Control + 1000 µg Mo/L of MoNa2O4·2H2O in drinking water (Mo 1000-water), 5) Mo 1000-water plus 3 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4·5H2O added to the basal diet (Mo 1000-water+Cu, and 6) Control plus 3 mg Mo/kg DM from MoNa2O4·2H2O added to the basal diet (3.0 Mo-diet). Cows were housed in dry lot pens (n = 3 cows/pen; 3 pens/treatment) and fed a low-quality grass hay diet (DM basis: 6.6% CP; 0.14% S, 6.2 mg Cu/kg, 2.3 mg Mo/kg) and a protein supplement (30% CP). Cows received their respective treatments beginning 60 d prior to breeding and remained on treatments until all calves were weaned at approximately 7 mo. of age. Calf birth weights were collected on the day of birth and all calves were weaned on the same day. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects model for a completely randomized block design. Birthweight, ADG, and 205d adjusted weaning weights were similar (P &gt; 0.05) across treatments. These data indicate that Mo supplemented in the drinking water or the diet regardless of the inclusion of additional Cu did not impact calf performance through weaning.
PSXII-5 Simulation of feed restriction and anorexia during auction market and transportation and its effects on concentrate intake and body weight recovery of unweaned crossbred Angus-Holstein calves
Authors: Pisoni Lucía , Devant Maria , Marti Sonia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Twenty unweaned Angus-Holstein bull calves (44.1 ± 2.0 kg and 14.7 ± 0.63 d) were used to evaluate the effects of feed restriction and anorexia (simulating auction market and transport) on concentrate intake (CI) and body weight (BW) recovery. Calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments; Control (CT; n = 5): from d-4 to -1, 2.5 L of milk replacer (MR) twice daily, concentrate and straw ad libitum; Mild (MD; n = 5): only MR (d-4 to -1) as described for CT, and at the end of d-1 feed withdrawal for 9 h; Moderate (MO; n = 5): only MR as described for CT and at the end of d-1 feed withdrawal for 19 h; and Severe (SV; n = 5): only 2.5 L of a hydrate solution (HS) twice daily (d -4 to -1) and at the end of d-1 feed withdrawal for 19 h. Simulating the arrival to the farm, from d 0 all calves were fed MR, concentrate and straw ad libitum. The CI was recorded daily, and BW was measured on d-4, -1 (restriction day), 0, 2 and 7. Data were analyzed using mixed models with repeated measures. BW was greater (P &lt; 0.001) for CT compared with the rest from d0 to 7, while BW of SV was lesser compared with the rest from d-1 to d7. At d1 CI did not differ among treatments; however, at d 2 CI of MD, MO and SV was lesser (P &lt; 0.05) compared with CT. At d5, CI of SV was similar to that for CT, and it was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than CI of MD and MO. Calves BW and CI recovery was affected by the degree of restriction (9 vs 19 h) and by the type of liquid feeding (MR or HS) offered in long restriction periods.
PSXII-9 The effects of DFM plus tannins on measures of immunity and growth performance of weaned beef calves
Authors: DeMarco Claudia , Lake Scott L , Goodall S Richard , Cunningham Hannah , Paisley Steve , Brauner Cassio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A two-year study was conducted to determine the effects of direct-fed microbials plus tannins (DFM + TN) on weaned calf performance and indicators of innate immune response. Angus calves (n = 142 year 1; 143 year 2) were weaned at 6 months of age, transferred to a feedlot, and fed one of two diets for 42 days: a ration with added DFM + TN (2×108 Propionibacterium acidipropionici; 5×107 CFU/hd/day Lactobacillus animalis; 5×107 CFU/hd/day Bifidobacterium animalis; and tannins 15 g/hd/day) or a ration with no added DFM +TN (CON). Body weights were taken on consecutive days and averaged at the beginning and ending of the study, while single day weights were taken on d 14, and 28. Upon completion of the feeding study (year 2), calves (n = 72) were transported to Laramie, WY (204 km), where blood samples were taken on d 0, 2, 4, 7, and 9 relative to transportation to measure plasma haptoglobin. Data were compared among groups using a categorical response mixed model. The model included the fixed effect of treatment group and the data were measured repeatedly. DFM + TN calves had lower overall (P = 0.001) F:G and tended to have greater ADG (P = 0.15) and lower F:G (P = 0.12) during the first 28 days and greater overall ADG (P = 0.06) and greater (P = 0.11) total gain overall. There was a tendency (P = 0.09) for a treatment x day effect for DFM + TN calves to have lower plasma haptoglobin concentration on day 0 and 4 than CON calves. Weaned calves fed DFM + Tannins tended to have greater growth performance during the first 42 days post weaning and tended to have a reduction in plasma haptoglobin concentrations, suggesting a reduction in stress and a positive impact on calf growth.
PSX-21 Maternal dietary supplementation of fatty acids during late gestation on offspring’s growth, carcass characteristics and energy metabolism in sheep
Authors: Rosa-Velazquez Milca , Pinos-Rodriguez Juan M , Relling Alejandro E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of different sources of fatty acids (FA) fed to ewes during late gestation on offspring growth, carcass characteristics (CC), and glucose and insulin metabolism [via glucose tolerance test (GTT)]. Fifty-four ewes (n = 18/treatment) were blocked by age, and BW; and within each block randomly assigned to one of three treatments fed from day 100 gestation until lambing. Treatments were: 1) no FA supplementation (CONT); or supplemented with 1% of lipid-enrich diet in 2) monounsaturated FA (MUFA); or 3) polyunsaturated FA (PUFA). At birth, all ewes and lambs were placed in a common pen and feed a common diet. At 60 days of age, lambs were weaned (d0), blocked by weight, and placed (3 lambs/pen; 6 pen/treatment; 3 pens of each sex) in a common diet until d56. Weight was measured on d0, d28, and d54; feed intake (FI) was measured daily. One lamb/pen was used on a GTT on d55, and another lamb/pen was used to determine CC (d56). Offspring data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement (FA*Sex; SAS 9.4). Treatments did not affect (P &gt; 0.1) offspring FI, neither plasma glucose concentration (GTT). There was a FA*Sex interaction (P &lt; 0. 05) for insulin. Males’ plasma insulin concentration increased as FA unsaturation degree increased during the GTT, the opposite happened with females. There was an interaction of FA*Sex*Day (P &lt; 0.05) on lamb growth. On d0 MUFA females were heavier than MUFA males, but PUFA males were heavier than PUFA females; these differences disappeared at d28. Lambs born from PUFA had a heavier (P &lt; 0. 05) hot carcass weight. In conclusion, dam’s FA supplementation modified offspring growth, insulin sensitivity, and HCW; these changes depended on the supplement FA unsaturation degree and offspring sex.