bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal information quality and patent‐related innovation
Authors: Huang Kelly , Lao Brent , McPhee Gregory 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigates how the quality of information available within a firm affects patent‐related innovative activities. Relying on recent theoretical and empirical research, we use externally observable information attributes to proxy for the quality of internal information. Our empirical results indicate that firms with higher internal information quality generate more patents and patent citations. Cross‐sectional analyses show that this positive effect is greater when firms are susceptible to greater internal information frictions due to firm decentralization, short management team tenure, and long product development cycles. We also document that firms experience an increase in patents and patent citations following an improvement of internal information quality proxied by internal control weakness remediation. Overall, our results suggest that the positive relation between internal information quality and task performance extends to patent‐related innovation, a non‐routine type of task that may rely on information originating from sources other than firms’ formal internal information systems.
Outcome of non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulants in the treatment of left atrial/left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lin Changjian , Quan Jinwei , Bao Yangyang , Hua Wei , Ke Ming , Zhang Ning , Jin Qi , Xie Yun , Wei Yue , Ling Tianyou , Pan Wenqi , Wu Liqun , Xie Yucai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundData comparing dabigatran with rivaroxaban regarding the resolution of left atrial/left atrial appendage (LA/LAA) thrombus in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) are scarce. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of dabigatran vs rivaroxaban regarding the resolution of LA/LAA thrombus in patients with nonvalvular AF.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled nonvalvular AF patients scheduled to undergo catheter ablation or cardioversion in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital between January 2014 and January 2019. Altogether, 34 patients with LA/LAA thrombus detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were enrolled. Among them, 12 patients were treated with dabigatran 150 mg bid and the other 22 with rivaroxaban 20 mg qd. Follow‐up TEE was performed within greater than or equal to 3 weeks to less than 6 months of the initial TEE to evaluate the resolution of the LA/LAA thrombus.ResultsBaseline patient characteristics were similar in the two groups. Overall, 18 patients (81.8%) in the rivaroxaban group had complete thrombus resolution after 70.3 ± 22.1 treatment days, and 10 patients (83.3%) in the dabigatran group had complete thrombus resolution after 69.3 ± 47.9 treatment days. There was no significant difference between the groups (P = .6). TEE showed that the average length, width, and area of thrombus significantly decreased in both groups after treatment, although there was no significant difference in the amount of change in these parameters between the two groups after treatment (P = .6). Undissolved thrombus in two patients in the rivaroxaban group did dissolve after switching to dabigatran.ConclusionsThe results suggest that both dabigatran and rivaroxaban are potential options for treating LA/LAA thrombus in patients with nonvalvular AF. Dabigatran could be an alternative option for the resolution of LA/LAA thrombus resistant to rivaroxaban.
Mean dietary salt intake in Nepal: A population survey with 24‐hour urine collections
Authors: Neupane Dinesh , Rijal Anupa , Henry Megan E. , Kallestrup Per , Koirala Bhagawan , Mclachlan Craig S. , Ghimire Kamal , Zhao Di , Sharma Shailendra , Pokharel Yashashwi , Joseph Kristy , Olsen Michael Hecht , Schutte Aletta E. , Appel Lawrence J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh salt (sodium chloride) intake raises blood pressure and increases the risk of developing hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Little is known about salt intake in Nepal, and no study has estimated salt consumption from 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion. Participants (n = 451) were recruited from the Community‐Based Management of Non‐Communicable Diseases in Nepal (COBIN) cohort in 2018. Salt intake was estimated by analyzing 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion. Multivariate linear regression was used to estimate differences in salt intake. The mean (±SD) age and salt intake were 49.6 (±9.8) years and 13.3 (±4.7) g/person/d, respectively. Higher salt intake was significantly associated with male gender (β for female = −2.4; 95% CI: −3.3, −1.4) and younger age (β10 years = −1.4; 95% CI: −1.4, −0.5) and higher BMI (β = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.2). A significant association was also found between increase in systolic blood pressure and higher salt intake (β = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.7). While 55% reported that they consumed just the right amount of salt, 98% were consuming more than the WHO recommended salt amount (<5 g/person/d). Daily salt intake in this population was over twice the limit recommended by the WHO, suggesting a substantial need to reduce salt intake in this population. It also supports the need of global initiatives such as WHO's Global Hearts Initiative SHAKE technical package and Resolves to Save Lives for sodium reduction in low‐ and middle‐income countries like Nepal.
Monthly changes in serum levels of S100B protein as a predictor of metastasis development in high‐risk melanoma patients
Authors: Ertekin S.S. , Podlipnik S. , Ribero S. , Molina R. , Rios J. , Carrera C. , Malvehy J. , Puig S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of S100B protein in detecting early melanoma relapses is controversial, since most metastasis occur within normal values of S100B.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the performance of S100B in detecting early disease progression in high‐risk melanoma patients.MethodsRetrospective cohort study including patients with an initial diagnosis of stage IIB, IIC and III melanoma between January 2003 and July 2013. All patients were followed up in accordance with an intensive protocol based on imaging studies and serum S100B levels every 3–6 months. We compared two methods to evaluate changes in S100B. The classic method referring to a single determination of S100B above the cut‐off level at the time of metastasis, which was evaluated in all patients. And a new method based on monthly changes of S100, which was used in the setting of patients with S100B levels within the normal range.ResultsOverall, 289 of patients were followed up for 44 months (IQR 17–73) and 45% developed metastases. During the study period, 129 patients relapsed of which 46 (35.7%) present elevated values of S100B at the time of relapse. The classic method had a sensitivity and specificity of S100B protein of 35.7% and 92.5%, respectively. Furthermore, for the patients that relapsed with normal values of S100B, the new method was applied and showed a sensitivity and specificity of 41.1% and 92.4%, respectively, allowing to detect additional relapses that were missing by the classic method.ConclusionDuring follow‐up of high‐risk melanoma patients, rising serum S100B values within the normal range can be an important clue to disease progression.
Shorting in Speculative Markets
Authors: NUTZ MARCEL , SCHEINKMAN JOSÉ A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIn models of trading with heterogeneous beliefs following Harrison‐Kreps, short selling is prohibited and agents face constant marginal costs‐of‐carry. The resale option guarantees that prices exceed buy‐and‐hold prices and the difference is identified as a bubble. We propose a model where risk‐neutral agents face asymmetric increasing marginal costs on long and short positions. Here, agents also value an option to delay, and a Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation quantifies the influence of costs on prices. An unexpected decrease in shorting costs may deflate a bubble, linking financial innovations that facilitated shorting of mortgage‐backed securities to the collapse of prices.
Prognostic value of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and serum concentrations of acute phase proteins, cholesterol, and total thyroxine in cats with panleukopenia
Authors: Petini Matteo , Drigo Michele , Zoia Andrea 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundFeline parvovirus (FPV) is a common and potentially lethal infectious agent in cats.ObjectiveTo assess the prognostic value of age, neuter status, serum concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, cholesterol and total thyroxine (tT4), and the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in cats with panleukopenia.AnimalsClient‐owned cats with FPV infection diagnosed by a positive fecal ELISA test, positive PCR on feces or blood or both.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. The electronic medical database was searched for cats with FPV infection presented between January 2010 and January 2018. Cats were divided into survivors and nonsurvivors according to their survival status 28 days after hospital admission. The prognostic importance of each variable was investigated univariately and by multivariable Cox's proportional‐hazards regression. Finally, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the best cutoff value for discriminating survivors from nonsurvivors for the statistically significant prognostic predictors identified by multivariable analysis.ResultsSeventy cats were enrolled in the study. Multivariable analysis determined that only serum tT4 concentration at hospital admission was significantly (P= .01) associated with survival. A cutoff value of 0.82 μg/dL was identified by ROC curve analysis for serum tT4 concentration in discriminating survivors from nonsurvivors. Sensitivity at this cutoff was 73.9% and specificity was 82.9% (area under the curve, 0.783; 95% confidence interval, 0.668‐0.873;P < .0001).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceSerum tT4 concentration at hospital admission has prognostic value in cats with FPV infection.
Association of HSD17B13 rs72613567:TA with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Hispanics/Latinos
Authors: Kallwitz Eric , Tayo Bamidele O. , Kuniholm Mark H. , Daviglus Martha , Zeng Donglin , Isasi Carmen R. , Cotler Scott J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) disproportionately affects Hispanic/Latinos and rates of NAFLD vary among Hispanics from different background groups. Genetic variants and continental ancestry contribute to NAFLD disparities among Hispanics. We evaluated two newly identified NAFLD‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms of HSD17B13, rs72613567:TA and rs62305723:A in Hispanics/Latinos.MethodsClinical data, genotypes of variants of interest and estimates of continental ancestry were extracted from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) database, which includes a cohort of 16 415 US Hispanic/Latinos. Surrogate endpoints for NAFLD were suspected NAFLD based on unexplained aminotransferase elevation, continuous ALT levels and FIB‐4 scores to estimate hepatic fibrosis.ResultsIn all, 9342 participants were included for analysis. The rs72613567:TA allele was found in 15.3% and the rs62305723:A allele was identified in 4.5% of HCHS/SOL participants. rs72613567:TA was less frequent in persons with vs without suspected NAFLD (12.4% vs 15.7%, P < .001) and rs72613567:TA was associated with lower FIB‐4 scores (P = .01). For persons with the NAFLD‐associated PNPLA3 rs738409:G allele, the presence of rs72613567:TA was associated with a lower rate of suspected NAFD (odds ratio = 0.76, P < .001). rs72613567:TA was less frequent in Hispanic/Latino background groups with higher rates of suspected NAFLD. The rs62305723:A allele was not associated with suspected NAFLD or FIB‐4 score.ConclusionThe rs72613567:TA allele is associated with lower rates of suspected NAFLD and lower FIB‐4 scores among Hispanic/Latinos and with lower rates of suspected NAFLD in persons with the PNPLA3 rs738409:G allele. The rs72613567:TA allele contributes to NAFLD disparities among Hispanic/Latino background groups.
A Proposal for the Demarcation of Theory and Knowledge
Authors: Kampen Jarl K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch communication in interdisciplinary research projects requires a way of demarcation of theory and knowledge that is easy to communicate, is inconsequential for the framework of concepts, results, and procedures within existing scientific disciplines, and abstains from trying to resolve the dispute between (neo)positivists and constructivists. A simple way of demarcation starts from the notion of language‐independent and language‐dependent reality. Currently, what passes for knowledge (“news”) and myth (“fake news”) depends, besides on sheer volume and frequency of the messages, increasingly on the internal consistency of (computer) language‐dependent reality and decreasingly on language‐independent reality. All language is instruction, and knowledge is to know which instructions (that is, theory) are predictive of a result, state, or situation in language‐independent reality. Any theory that doesn’t reduce outcome space, or contains one or more empirically/physically impossible instructions, or produces wrong predictions, or falls short of demonstration is not knowledge.
Intransitivity, Essential Comparativeness, and Objective Value
Authors: Goldman Alan H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBuilding on Goldman 2008 and 2009, which argue that objective values would be strange in coming in degrees but in no determinate number of degrees, this paper argues that related properties having to do with degrees of value make a further case against objective values. The properties of giving rise to intransitive orderings and being essentially comparative are explained by Larry Temkin in Rethinking the Good. He shows that “better than” is intransitively ordered. Many subjective states are too. But similar arguments for the intransitive orderings of intrinsic objective properties fail. Furthermore, subjective properties and states can change without these changes being explained by changes in their objects. This is similar to the essentially comparative nature of goodness. Given the analogies to subjective states and lack of analogies to objective properties that the present article points out, it argues that we should infer, as Temkin does not, that values are subjective.
Using Linguistic Corpora as a Philosophical Tool
Authors: Caton Jacob N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe central aims of this paper are to show how linguistic corpora have been used and can be used in philosophy and to argue that linguistic corpora and corpus analysis should be added to the philosopher’s toolkit of ways to address philosophical questions. A linguistic corpus is a curated collection of texts representing language use that can be queried to answer research questions. Among many other uses, linguistic corpora can help answer questions about the meaning of words and the structure of discourse. Through a discussion of examples, the paper shows that there are many philosophical questions that can be addressed by using a linguistic corpus. However, linguistic corpora need not (and often cannot) replace traditional philosophical methods. Lastly, it argues that the special properties of linguistic corpora, including their independence and the current ease and cheapness of access, make them an indispensable resource for philosophers.
Leishmania dual‐specificity tyrosine‐regulated kinase 1 (DYRK1) is required for sustaining Leishmania stationary phase phenotype
Authors: Rocha Vinícius Pinto Costa , Dacher Mariko , Young Simon Alan , Kolokousi Foteini , Efstathiou Antonia , Späth Gerald Frank , Soares Milena Botelho Pereira , Smirlis Despina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough the multiplicative and growth‐arrested states play key roles in Leishmania development, the regulators of these transitions are largely unknown. In an attempt to gain a better understanding of these processes, we characterised one member of a family of protein kinases with dual specificity, LinDYRK1, which acts as a stasis regulator in other organisms. LinDYRK1 overexpressing parasites displayed a decrease in proliferation and in cell cycle re‐entry of arrested cells. Parasites lacking LinDYRK1 displayed distinct fitness phenotypes in logarithmic and stationary growth phases. In logarithmic growth phase, LinDYRK1−/− parasites proliferated better than control lines, supporting a role of this kinase in stasis, while in stationary growth phase, LinDYRK1−/− parasites had important defects as they rounded up, accumulated vacuoles and lipid bodies and displayed subtle but consistent differences in lipid composition. Moreover, they expressed less metacyclic‐enriched transcripts, displayed increased sensitivity to complement lysis and a significant reduction in survival within peritoneal macrophages. The distinct LinDYRK1−/− growth phase phenotypes were mirrored by the distinct LinDYRK1 localisations in logarithmic (mainly in flagellar pocket area and endosomes) and late stationary phase (mitochondrion). Overall, this work provides first evidence for the role of a DYRK family member in sustaining promastigote stationary phase phenotype and infectivity.
The translucens group of Xanthomonas translucens: Complicated and important pathogens causing bacterial leaf streak on cereals
Authors: Sapkota Suraj , Mergoum Mohamed , Liu Zhaohui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractXanthomonas translucens is a group of gram‐negative bacteria that can cause important diseases in cereal crops and forage grasses. Different pathovars have been defined according to their host ranges, and molecular and biochemical characteristics. Pathovars have been placed into two major groups: translucens and graminis. The translucens group contains the pathovars causing bacterial leaf streak (BLS) on cereal crops such as wheat, barley, triticale, rye, and oat. In recent years, BLS has re‐emerged as a major problem for many wheat‐ and barley‐producing areas worldwide. The biology of the pathogens and the host–pathogen interactions in cereal BLS diseases were poorly understood. However, recent genome sequence data have provided an insight into the bacterial phylogeny and identification and pathogenicity/virulence. Furthermore, identification of sources of resistance to BLS and mapping of the resistance genes have been initiated.TaxonomyKingdom Bacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Xanthomonadales; Family Xanthomonadaceae; Genus Xanthomonas; Species X. translucens; translucens group pathovars: undulosa, translucens, cerealis, hordei, and secalis; graminis group pathovars: arrhenatheri, graminis, poae, phlei; newly established pathovar: pistaciae.Host rangeX. translucens mainly infects plant species in the Poaceae with the translucens group on cereal crop species and the graminis group on forage grass species. However, some strains have been isolated from, and are able to infect, ornamental asparagus and pistachio trees. Most pathovars have a narrow host range, while a few can infect a broad range of hosts.GenomeThe complete genome sequence is available for two X. translucens pv. undulosa strains and one pv. translucens strain. A draft genome sequence is also available for at least one strain from each pathovar. The X. translucens pv. undulosa strain Xt4699 was the first to have its complete genome sequenced, which consists of 4,561,137 bp with total GC content approximately at 68% and 3,528 predicted genes.Virulence mechanismsLike most xanthomonads, X. translucens utilizes a type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver a suite of T3SS effectors (T3Es) inside plant cells. Transcription activator‐like effectors, a special group of T3Es, have been identified in most of the X. translucens genomes, some of which have been implicated in virulence. Genetic factors determining host range virulence have also been identified.
Welfare and Redistributive Effects of Social Assistance in the Global South
Authors: Niño‐Zarazúa Miguel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the recent evolution of social assistance in the developing world, looking at its complex typological configuration, which has interlinked with, and partly reflects the complex demographic and epidemiological transitions and rapid urbanization and economic convergence that many developing countries have exhibited over the past decades. The paper underscores the principles of the poverty focus of social assistance and presents an overview of existence evidence of first‐ and second‐order effects of social assistance, particularly in the domains of poverty, education, health, and labor markets. Moreover, the paper highlights the knowledge gaps with regard to the longer term and gender‐specific welfare effects of social assistance, and the redistributive effects, and the incentives and distortion mechanisms that transfer programs can generate in the labor and insurance markets.
Oral erosions associated with surreptitious marijuana vaping in an adolescent boy
Authors: Ali Nora S. , Billings Marcie L. , Tollefson Megha M. , Davis Dawn M. R. , Hand Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA 15‐year‐old boy presented with painful ulcerations affecting the oral mucosa that were eventually attributed to marijuana vaping. In this case report, we highlight cannabis vaping as a potential cause of oral erosions due to injury and chronic inflammation of the oral mucosa.
Wuchereria bancrofti macrophage migration inhibitory factor‐2 (rWbaMIF‐2) ameliorates experimental colitis
Authors: Ramani Shriram , Chauhan Nikhil , Khatri Vishal , Vitali Connie , Kalyanasundaram Ramaswamy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImmunomodulatory molecules produced by helminth parasites are receiving much attention recently as novel therapeutic agents for inflammation and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we show that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) homologue from the filarial parasite, Wuchereria bancrofti (rWbaMIF‐2), can suppress inflammation in a dextran sulphate sodium salt (DSS)‐induced colitis model. The disease activity index (DAI) in DSS given mice showed loss of body weight and bloody diarrhoea. At autopsy, colon of these mice showed severe inflammation and reduced length. Administration of rWbaMIF‐2 significantly reduced the DAI in DSS‐induced colitis mice. rWbaMIF‐2‐treated mice had no blood in the stools, and their colon length was similar to the normal colon with minimal inflammation and histological changes. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine genes (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, IL‐17A and NOS2) were downregulated in the colon tissue and peritoneal macrophages of rWbaMIF‐2‐treated mice. However, there were significant increases in IL‐10‐producing Treg and B1 cells in the colon and peritoneal cavity of rWbaMIF‐2‐treated mice. These findings suggested that rWbaMIF‐2 treatment significantly ameliorated the clinical symptoms, inflammation and colon pathology in DSS given mice. This immunomodulatory effect of rWbaMIF‐2 appeared to be by promoting the infiltration of Treg cells into the colon.