bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of rs6265 BDNF polymorphisms and post‐stroke dysphagia recovery—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Oh Hyun Mi , Kim Tae‐Woo , Park Hae‐Yeon , Kim Youngkook , Park Geun‐Young , Im Sun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies suggest that specific genes may predispose some to increased risk of dysphagia in the geriatric population, but whether these genes may affect swallowing recovery after a stroke is unknown. This study investigated whether single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), catechol‐O‐methyl transferase, apolipoprotein E, interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist, and dopamine, which have been linked to swallowing, could adversely affect the prognosis of post‐stroke dysphagia.MethodsIn this study, 218 subjects with confirmed post‐stroke dysphagia were enrolled. The primary endpoint was failed recovery from nil per mouth (NPM) status with the first 3 months post‐stroke.Key ResultsThe Val/Val group from the rs6265, BDNF, showed higher score changes on the Functional Oral Intake Scale at 1 month. The proportion of patients with recovery from NPM status within the first 1 month was 60.8% in the Val/Val group, which was statistically higher than those in the Met allele groups (38.1%, P = .017). At 3 months, the BDNF rs6265 showed significant group differences in Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile© score changes with the Val/Val allele leading to greater improvement. However, no single SNP was associated with increased risk of poor recovery with persistence of NPM at 3 months post‐stroke.Conclusions and InferencesThose with the dominant Val/Val phenotype of BDNF manifested with faster and greater improvement than the Met‐phenotypes. Based on our results, the BDNF Val allele may play a positive role with faster score improvement and rapid recovery from NPM than the Met allele.Clinical Trials gov: NCT03577444 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03577444).
High Hip Center Technique in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Crowe Type II–III Developmental Dysplasia: Results of Midterm Follow‐up
Authors: Shen Junmin , Sun Jingyang , Ma Haiyang , Du Yinqiao , Li Tiejian , Zhou Yonggang 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to show the utility of high hip center technique used in patients with Crowe II–III developmental dysplasia of the hip at the midterm follow‐up and evaluated the clinical and radiographic results between different heights of hip center.MethodsFrom December 2003 to November 2013, we retrospectively evaluated 69 patients (85 hips) with Crowe II–III dysplasia who underwent a high hip center cementless total hip arthroplasty. The patients were divided into two groups according to the height of hip center, respectively group A (≥ 22 mm and < 28 mm) and group B (≥28 mm). The survivorship outcomes and radiographic and clinical results, including the vertical and horizontal distances of hip center, femoral offset, abductor lever arm, cup inclination, leg length discrepancy, Trendelenburg sign, and limp were evaluated.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time was 8.9 ± 1.8 years. The mean location of the hip center from the inter‐teardrop was 25.1 ± 1.6 mm vertically and 30.0 ± 3.8 mm horizontally in group A, and 33.1 ± 4.8 mm vertically and 31.4 ± 6.1 mm horizontally in group B. Eleven hips of group B showed a lateralization over 10 mm, and the same was shown in one hip in group A (P = 0.012). There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in postoperative femoral offset, abductor lever arm, leg length discrepancy and cup inclination. At the final follow up, the mean WOMAC and Harris hip score were significantly improved in both groups. Of the 85 hips, four hips in group A and three hips in group B showed a positive Trendelenburg sign. Additionally, four patients in group A and two patients in group B presented with a limp. No significant differences were shown regarding the Harris hip score, WOMAC score, Trendelenburg sign, and limp between two groups. One hip of group A was revised by reason of dislocation at 8.3 years after surgery. One hip of group B was diagnosed with osteolysis and underwent a revision at 8.1 years after surgery. The Kaplan–Meier implants survivorship rates at the final follow‐up for all‐causes revisions in group A and group B were similar (96.7% [95% confidence interval, 90.5%–100%] and 96.2% [95% confidence interval, 89.0%–100%], respectively).ConclusionsThe high hip center technique is a valuable alternative to achieve excellent midterm results for Crowe II–III developmental dysplasia of the hip. Further, between the groups with differing degrees of HHC, there were no significant differences in outcomes or survivorship in our study.
Effects of 660‐nm and 780‐nm Laser Therapy on ST88‐14 Schwann Cells
Authors: Andreo Lucas , Mesquita‐Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Grenho Liliana , Gomes Pedro de Sousa , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Fernandes Maria Helena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the comparative effects of red (660‐nm) and near‐infrared (780‐nm) low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) on viability, mitochondrial activity, morphology and gene expression of growth factors on Schwann cells (SC). ST88‐14 cells were grown in RPMI 1640 with 10 mM of HEPES, 2 mM of glutamine, 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotic‐antimycotic solution at 37°C in humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. Cells were detached with trypsin and centrifugated at 231 g for 5 min at 10°C, and the pellet (8 × 104 cells/tube) was irradiated at the bottom of 50 ml polypropylene tube with a Twin‐Laser system (660 and 780 nm, 40 mW, 1 mW cm−2, 3.2 and 6.4 J, 80 and 160 J cm−2 with 80 and 160 s). After 1, 3 and 7 days, the analysis was performed. After irradiation, the SC increase mitochondrial activity, gene expression of the neural growth factors NGF and BDNF, and cell migration and increase the G2/M cells. SC showed neuronal morphology, normal F‐actin cytoskeleton organization and positive labeling for S100. PBM increased metabolic activity, mitosis and gene expression when irradiated with red and infrared LLLT. An increase in cell migration was obtained when irradiated with infrared LLLT.
E Hine: Young Māori mothers talk about welfare benefits
Authors: Cram Fiona , Adcock Anna , O'Brien Micheal , Lawton Beverley 
Published: August 2020

AbstractE Hine was a longitudinal qualitative Kaupapa Māori (by Māori, for Māori) research study involving 44 young Māori women who were first interviewed in 2012‐2013 and followed through their pregnancies and until their babies were 2 years old. The present analysis of the E Hine database examines the young women's experiences of accessing welfare benefits through Work and Income. Welfare benefits were not the central focus of the E Hine study, but often came up in conversations with the young women and their whānau (family). As a result, E Hine offers those considering ways to improve welfare benefit policy and service delivery a frank account of how young Māori mothers and their whānau see and experience the system. Four themes arose from participants' talk: what being on the benefit was like, their positive and negative impressions of Work and Income, and how they took control of their situation. In common with other recent qualitative studies, the findings suggest potential to improve the experience of the welfare benefit system by providing support within the context of culturally‐responsive, caring, trust relationships that help unlock the potential of young Māori parents.
The administration of academic GIS certificates: A survey of program coordinators
Authors: Wikle Thomas , Sinton Diana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe academic GIS certificate has emerged as the most ubiquitous credential representing specialized knowledge and competency associated with geographic information systems, geographic information science, and related areas. While available at hundreds of public and private colleges and universities, GIS certificates are tremendously diverse in content, organization, and delivery. This article explores GIS certificates offered at U.S. institutions of higher education through an inventory of 385 certificate programs supplemented by in‐depth interviews of program faculty at 46 colleges or universities. Our findings are presented within larger themes tied to the quality, sustainability, and support of programs across topics that include marketing, curriculum design, delivery mode, faculty oversight, and institutional support.
Assessment of a downsized potassium adsorption filter designed to transfuse neonates
Authors: Ogasawara Kei , Ohto Hitoshi , Takano Nozomi , Nollet Kenneth E. , Go Hayato , Sato Maki , Momoi Nobuo , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring storage, the potassium level of red blood cell (RBC) components increases, especially after irradiation. Neonates are prone to hyperkalemia, for example, non‐oliguric hyperkalemia, so using potassium adsorption filters during transfusion may be helpful. To overcome dilution of RBC components caused by saline priming of existing potassium adsorption filters, a downsized potassium adsorption filter for neonates (PAF‐n, Kawasumi Laboratories Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was developed.Study Design and MethodsTo assess the performance of PAF‐n, its adsorption efficiency and RBC recovery rate were evaluated by testing pre‐filtration and serial post‐filtration (0‐30 mL, 30‐60 mL, 60‐90 mL, and 90‐120 mL) samples from 8 RBC components.ResultsThe average potassium adsorption rate of the PAF‐n was 90.5% ± 0.78%, and never less than 89.0% in any of 8 RBC components. RBC recovery rates were 99.3% ± 1.12%.ConclusionThe PAF‐n showed an effective potassium ability with negligible RBC dilution.
Umbilical vein infusion of prostaglandin I2 increases ductus venosus shunting of oxygen‐rich blood but does not increase cerebral oxygen delivery in the fetal sheep
Authors: Darby Jack R. T. , Schrauben Eric M. , Saini Brahmdeep S. , Holman Stacey L. , Perumal Sunthara Rajan , Seed Mike , Macgowan Christopher K. , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: August 2020

Key points
The ductus venosus (DV) is a dynamic fetal shunt that allows substrate‐rich blood from the umbilical vein to bypass the hepatic circulation.
In vitro studies suggest a direct role of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) in the regulation of DV tone; however, the extent of this regulation has not been determined in utero.
4D flow and T2 oximetry magnetic resonance imaging can be combined to determine blood flow and oxygen delivery within the fetal circulation.
PGI2 increases DV shunting of substrate‐rich blood but this does not increase cerebral oxygen delivery.
AbstractDuring fetal development, the maintenance of adequate oxygen and nutrient supply to vital organs is regulated through specialized fetal shunts. One of these shunts, the ductus venosus (DV), allows oxygen‐rich blood to preferentially stream from the placenta toward the heart and brain. Herein, we combine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that measure blood flow (4D flow) and oxygen saturation (T2 oximetry) in the fetal circuit to determine whether umbilical vein infusion of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, regulator of DV tone ex utero) directly dilates the DV and thus increases the preferential streaming of oxygen‐rich blood toward the brain. At 114–115 days gestational age (dGA; term = 150 days), fetal sheep (n = 6) underwent surgery to implant vascular catheters in the fetal femoral artery, femoral vein, amniotic cavity and umbilical vein. Fetal MRI scans were performed at 119–124 dGA. 4D flow and T2 oximetry were performed to measure blood flow and oxygen saturation across the fetal circulation in both a basal state and whilst the fetus was receiving a continuous infusion of PGI2. The proportion of oxygenated blood that passed through the DV from the umbilical vein was increased by PGI2. Cerebral oxygen delivery was unchanged in the PGI2 state. This may be a result of decreased flow from the right to left side of the heart as blood flow through the foramen ovale was decreased by PGI2. We have shown that although PGI2 acts on the DV to increase the proportion of oxygen‐rich blood that bypasses the liver, this does not increase cerebral oxygen delivery in the fetal sheep.
Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli to Fosfomycin as Measured by Four
In Vitro
Testing Methods
Authors: Karlowsky James A. , Lagacé-Wiens Philippe R. S. , Laing Nancy M. , Baxter Melanie R. , Adam Heather J. , Zhanel George G. 
Published: August 2020

Clinical isolates of
Escherichia coli
(
n
= 554) were tested against fosfomycin using agar dilution, disk diffusion, and Etest. Agar dilution (reference method) identified few isolates with fosfomycin MICs of 64 (
n
= 3), 128 (
n
= 4), and ≥256 μg/ml (
n
= 2). Applying CLSI (M100, 2020) and EUCAST (v. 10.0, 2020) breakpoints, 98.9% and 98.4% (agar dilution), 99.
Thermodynamical and dynamical stability of a self-gravitating uncharged thin shell
Authors: Bergliaffa Santiago Esteban Perez , Chiapparini Marcelo , Reyes Luz Marina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe dynamical stability of massive thin shells with a given equation of state (EOS) (both for the barotropic and non-barotropic case) is here compared with the results coming from thermodynamical stability. Our results show that the restrictions in the para-meter space of equilibrium configurations of the shell following from thermodynamical stability are much more stringent that those obtained from dynamical stability. As a byproduct, we furnish evidence that the link between the maximum mass along a sequence of equilibrium configurations and the onset of dynamical stability is valid for EOS relating the pressure P, the energy density $$\sigma $$σ of the matter on the shell, and its radius R, namely $$P=P(R, \sigma )$$P=P(R,σ).
Left Ventricular Mass Index Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Middle-Age
Authors: Razavi, Alexander C. , Fernandez Camilo , He Jiang , Kelly Tanika N. , Krousel-Wood Marie , Whelton Seamus P. , Carmichael Owen T. , Bazzano Lydia A 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Elevated cardiovascular disease risk factor burden is a recognized contributor to poorer cognitive function; however, the physiological mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. We sought to assess the potential mediation effect of left ventricular (LV) remodeling on the association between lifetime systolic blood pressure and cognitive function in a community-based cohort of middle-aged adults.

Methods:
Nine hundred sixty participants of the Bogalusa Heart Study (59.2% women, 33.8% black, aged 48.4±5.1 years) received 2-dimensional echocardiography to quantify relative wall thickness, LV mass, and diastolic and systolic LV function; and a standardized neurocognitive battery to assess memory, executive functioning, and language processing. Multivariable linear regression assessed the association of cardiac structure and function with a global composite cognitive function score, adjusting for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Mediation analysis assessed the effect of LV mass index on the association between lifetime systolic blood pressure burden and cognitive function.

Results:

There were 233 (24.3%) and 136 (14.2%) individuals with concentric LV remodeling and concentric LV hypertrophy, respectively. Each g/m
2.7
increment in LV mass index was associated with a 0.03 standardized unit decrement in global cognitive function (
P
=0.03). Individuals with concentric LV remodeling and isolated diastolic dysfunction had the poorest cognitive function, and a greater ratio between early mitral inflow velocity and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/e’) was associated with poorer cognitive function, even after adjustment for LV mass index (B=−0.12;
P
=0.03). A total of 18.8% of the association between lifetime systolic blood pressure burden and midlife cognitive function was accounted for by LV mass index.

Conclusions:
Cardiac remodeling partially mediates the association between lifespan systolic blood pressure burden and adult cognition in individuals without dementia or clinical cardiovascular disease. Slowing or reversing the progression of cardiac remodeling in middle-age may be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent cognitive decline.
Magnesium and Risk of Bleeding Complications From Ventriculostomy Insertion
Authors: Maas Matthew B. , Jahromi Babak S. , Batra Ayush , Potts Matthew B. , Naidech Andrew M. , Liotta Eric M. 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
Hemorrhages are a serious complication of brain surgery, and magnesium has shown hemostatic properties in hemorrhagic stroke and non-neurological surgeries. External ventricular drain (EVD) insertion is an advantageous model of emergency neurosurgical hemorrhage risk because it is common, standardized, and the operator is blinded to the outcome during the procedure. We tested the hypothesis that low magnesium is associated with risk of hemorrhagic complications from EVD insertion.

Methods:
Patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were enrolled in a prospective, observational study. Demographic and clinical variables were prospectively recorded, including serum magnesium measurements. Catheter tract hemorrhage (CTH) was measured on postoperative head computed tomography within 48 hours of EVD insertion.

Results:

We observed 50 CTH among 327 EVD procedures (15.3%) distributed similarly among intracerebral hemorrhage (21/116 [18.1%]) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (29/211 [13.7%]). Magnesium was lower in patients with CTH compared with those without (median 1.8 versus 2.0 mg/dL,
P
<0.0001). Higher magnesium was associated with lower odds of CTH (odds ratio 0.67 per 0.1 mg/dL magnesium [95% CI, 0.56–0.78],
P
<0.0001) after adjustment for other risk factors, with similar effect in the intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage subgroups. Preprocedural increase in magnesium (odds ratio 0.68 [0.52–0.85]) and dose of preprocedural magnesium sulfate (odds ratio 0.67 [0.40–0.97]) were associated with reduced CTH risk after adjustment for initial magnesium and other risk factors.

Conclusions:
Lower magnesium at the time of EVD insertion was an independent predictor of hemorrhagic complications. Baseline risk was attenuated by preprocedural increases in magnesium, suggesting a therapeutic opportunity.
Improving Child Health and Cognition: Evidence from a School-Based Nutrition Intervention in India
Authors: Krämer Marion , Kumar Santosh , Vollmer Sebastian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present experimental evidence on the impact of the use of double-fortified salt in school meals on anemia, cognition, and the learning outcomes of primary school children in rural Bihar, one of the poorest regions of India. We find that a year-long intervention had statistically significant positive impacts on hemoglobin levels and reduced anemia by 20%; however, these health gains did not translate into significant impacts on cognitive performance, test scores, and school attendance. Treatment effects on anemia and test scores were larger for children with higher school attendance. The findings indicate that school-based health interventions are a cost-effective and scalable approach for reducing anemia among school children in resource-constrained countries.
Does Evaluation Change Teacher Effort and Performance? Quasi-experimental Evidence from a Policy of Retesting Students
Authors: Aucejo Esteban , Romano Teresa , Taylor Eric S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We document measurable, lasting gains in student achievement caused by a change in teachers' evaluation incentives. A short-lived rule created a discontinuity in teachers' incentives when allocating effort across their assigned students: students who failed an initial end-of-year test were retested a few weeks later, and then only the higher of the two scores was used when calculating the teacher's evaluation score. One year later, long after the discontinuity in incentives had ended, retested students scored 0.03σ higher than nonretested students. Otherwise identical students were treated differently by teachers because of evaluation incentives, despite arguably equal returns to teacher effort.
FORUM: Unique Far-Infrared Satellite Observations to Better Understand How Earth Radiates Energy to Space
Authors: Palchetti L. , Brindley H. , Bantges R. , Buehler S. A. , Camy-Peyret C. , Carli B. , Cortesi U. , Del Bianco S. , Di Natale G. , Dinelli B. M. , Feldman D. , Huang X. L. , C.-Labonnote L. , Libois Q. , Maestri T. , Mlynczak M. G. , Murray J. E. , Oetjen H. , Ridolfi M. , Riese M. , Russell J. , Saunders R. , Serio C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) emitted to space is a fundamental component of the Earth’s energy budget. There are numerous, entangled physical processes that contribute to OLR and that are responsible for driving, and responding to, climate change. Spectrally resolved observations can disentangle these processes, but technical limitations have precluded accurate space-based spectral measurements covering the far infrared (FIR) from 100 to 667 cm−1(wavelengths between 15 and 100µm). The Earth’s FIR spectrum is thus essentially unmeasured even though at least half of the OLR arises from this spectral range. The region is strongly influenced by upper-tropospheric–lower-stratospheric water vapor, temperature lapse rate, ice cloud distribution, and microphysics, all critical parameters in the climate system that are highly variable and still poorly observed and understood. To cover this uncharted territory in Earth observations, the Far-Infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) mission has recently been selected as ESA’s ninth Earth Explorer mission for launch in 2026. The primary goal of FORUM is to measure, with high absolute accuracy, the FIR component of the spectrally resolved OLR for the first time with high spectral resolution and radiometric accuracy. The mission will provide a benchmark dataset of global observations which will significantly enhance our understanding of key forcing and feedback processes of the Earth’s atmosphere to enable more stringent evaluation of climate models. This paper describes the motivation for the mission, highlighting the scientific advances that are expected from the new measurements.