bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Efficacy of COVID-19 Prevention Measures and Intention to Use Among Chronic Disease Patients in Northeast Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Dires Abebe , Addis Sisay Gedamu , Tesema Yemiamrew Getachew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The novel corona virus disease outbreak which was first detected in China is caused by sever acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2. In Ethiopia, poor perception about COVID-19 prevention methods might be one of determinant factor to the low utilization of adopted prevention measures and increasing of cases. However, it was unknown to what extent individuals were perceived the efficacy of those measures. Hence, this study was aimed to assess perceived efficacy of COVID-19 preventive measures and intention to carry out those methods among chronic disease patients. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted among 413 chronic disease patients from 21 July - 5 August, 2020. A pre-tested interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Both binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used and in multivariable analysis, variables were declared statistically significant at p-value of < 0.05. Results: In overall, 42.1% of participants had low perception to the efficacy of COVID-19 prevention measures and 28.3% had low intention to carry out those prevention measures. In this study, young adults (AOR=2.48; 95% CI: 1.42-4.31), male gender (AOR=2.75; 95% CI: 1.73-4.37), uneducated (AOR=3.42; 95% CI: 1.47-7.94) and face mask non-users (AOR=1.64; 95% CI: 1.03-2.61) were significantly associated with low perceived efficacy of COVID-19 prevention methods. However, male gender (AOR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.28-3.31), rural residents (AOR=1.89; 95% CI: 1.16-3.07) and patients with longer duration of chronic disease (AOR= 2.19; 95% CI: 1.19-4.01) were significantly associated with low intention to carry out COVID-19 prevention methods.Conclusion: In this study, significant proportion of patients (42%) had low perception about the efficacy of COVID-19 prevention measures and nearly one-third of participants (28.3%) had low intention to carry out those measures. Thus, interventions aimed to enhance patients’ attitude and behavioral changes on COVID-19 prevention measures have to be provided.
Gene Therapy for Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency by MR-Guided Direct Delivery of AAV2-AADC to Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Pearson Toni , Gupta Nalin , Sebastian Waldy San , Imamura-Ching Jill , Viehoever Amy , Grijalvo-Perez Ana , Fay Alex , Seth Neha , Lundy Shannon , Seo Youngho , Pampaloni Miguel , Hyland Keith , Smith Erin , deOliveiraBarbosa Gardenia , Heathcock Jill , Minnema Amy , Lonser Russell , Elder J.Bradley , Leonard Jeffrey , Larson Paul , Bankiewicz Krystof 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder characterized by deficient synthesis of dopamine and serotonin. It presents in early infancy, and causes severe developmental disability and lifelong motor, behavioral, and autonomic symptoms including oculogyric crises (OGC), sleep disorder, and mood disturbance.Objective: We investigated the safety and efficacy of delivery of a viral vector expressing AADC (AAV2-hAADC) to the midbrain in children with AADC deficiency. Design, Setting and Participants: Seven (7) children, aged 4-9 years underwent convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of AAV2-hAADC to the bilateral substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) (total infusion volume: 80 µL per hemisphere) in 2 dose cohorts: 1.3 x 1011 vg (n=3), and 4.2 x 1011 vg (n=4). Six (6) subjects were treated at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco and 1 at The Ohio State University.Results: Direct bilateral infusion of AAV2-hAADC was well-tolerated and achieved target coverage of 98% and 70% of the SN and VTA, respectively. Dopamine metabolism was increased in all subjects and FDOPA uptake was enhanced within the midbrain and the striatum. OGC resolved completely in 6 of 7 subjects by Month 3 post-surgery. Eighteen (18) months after surgery (n=5), 4/5 subjects gained the ability to sit independently and 2/5 could walk with 2-hand support.Conclusion: Midbrain gene delivery in children with AADC deficiency is feasible and safe, and leads to substantial clinical improvements in symptoms and motor function.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02852213
Fe(II) and tannic acid-cloake MOF as carrier of artemisinin for supply of ferrous ions to enhance treatment of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Li Zihaoran , Wu Xinghan , Wang Wenyu , Gai Chengcheng , Zhang Wei-Fen , Li Wentong , Ding Dejun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Suppression of tumor development by inducing ferroptosis may provide a potential remedy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is sensitive to intracellular oxidative imbalance. Recently, artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives have been investigated as potential anticancer agents for the treatment of highly aggressive cancers via the induction of ferroptosis by iron-mediated cleavage of the endoperoxide bridge. Poor water solubility and insufficient availability of intracellular ferrous ions, limit the further application of ART in antitumor therapy. In this study, ferrous-supply nanocarrier was constructed based on tannic acid (TA) and ferrous ion (Fe2+)-coated on the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF) with ART encapsulated (TA-Fe/ART@ZIF). via supramolecular coordination. Following the internalization of the as-prepared nano-system in cells, acidic degradation of the vehicles would facilitate the release of ART and accumulation of Fe2+. The results revealed that the newly developed nano-drug system displayed a high level of intracellular ROS generation, and markedly enhanced ferroptosis. This work provides a novel approach to enhance the potency of ferroptotic nanomedicine and new directions for TBNC therapy.
Effects of Endplate Healing Morphology on Intervertebral Disc Degeneration after Pedicle Screw Fixation for Thoracolumbar Fractures
Authors: Su Yunshan , Ren Dong , Liu Dehang , Li Junfei , Wang Tianci , Qi Wei , Wang Yunpeng , Wang Pengcheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The cartilage endplate plays an important role in the stress distribution and nutrition metabolism of intervertebral disc. The healing morphology of the endplate after spinal fracture and its effect on the intervertebral disc degeneration are still unclear. Methods: 51 patients with single-level thoracolumbar fractures underwent posterior open reduction and pedicle screw fixation. Combined with the initial CT and MRI images, the endplate injury was defined as three types, which are unilateral endplate injury, bilateral endplate injury and no endplate injury. According to the location of the injury in the endplate, it was further divided into endplate central injury and endplate peripheral injury. The degree of post-traumatic disc lesions and disc degeneration during follow-up were classified based on the Sander classification and the Pfirrmann classification, respectively. According to the T1 image of MRI in the final follow-up, the healing morphology of endplates was classified into three types including the increased endplate curvature, the irregular healing and the traumatic Schmorl nodes. Results: Cartilage endplate fractures are closely related to the degree of degeneration of the intervertebral disc (P=0.003). Injuries in different parts of the endplate have no significant effect on the intervertebral disc degeneration (P=0.204). The healing morphology after endplate fracture significantly affected the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration (P=0.001). The comparison of groups showed that the effects of irregular healing and traumatic Schmorl nodes on disc degeneration were not statistically different, but were significantly different from those with increased curvature. Conclusions: Increased endplate curvature, irregular healing and traumatic Schmorl nodes are three common forms of healing. The irregular healing and the traumatic Schmorl nodes are closely related to intervertebral disc degeneration. The existence and severity of the endplate injury can provide valuable information for individualized clinical decision-making processes.
Effects of Full Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal with Insect Meal from Tenebrio Molitor on Rainbow Trout Gut and Skin Microbiota.
Authors: Terova Genciana , Gini Elisabetta , Gasco Laura , Moroni Federico , Antonini Micaela , Rimoldi Simona 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Aquaculture must continue to reduce dependence on fishmeal (FM) and oil in feeds to ensure sustainable sector growth. Therefore, the use of novel aquaculture feed ingredients is growing. In this regard, insects can represent a new world of sustainable and protein-rich ingredients for farmed fish feeds. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of full replacement of FM with Tenebrio molitor (TM) larvae meal in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on fish growth performance and gut and skin microbiota. Methods: A feeding trial was conducted with trout of about 80 g mean initial weight that were fed for 22 weeks with two isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isoenergetic extruded experimental diets. Partially defatted TM meal was included in the diets to replace 0% (TM 0) and 100% (TM 100) of FM. To analyse the microbial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and Qiime pipeline were used to identify bacteria in the gut and skin mucosa, and in the diets. Results: The data showed no major effects of full FM substitution with TM meal on bacterial species richness and diversity in both, gut mucosa- and skin mucus-associated microbiome. Skin microbiome was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria and especially by Gammaproteobacteria class that constituted approximately half of the bacterial taxa found. The two dietary fish groups did not display distinctive features, except for a decrease in the relative abundance of Deefgea genus (family Neisseriaceae) in trout fed with insect meal. The metagenomic analysis of the gut mucosa indicated that Tenericutes was the most abundant phylum, regardless of the diet. Specifically, within this phylum, the Mollicutes, mainly represented by Mycoplasmataceae family, were the dominant class. However, we observed only a weak dietary modulation of intestinal bacterial communities. The only changes due to full FM replacement with TM meal were a decreased number of Proteobacteria and a reduced number of taxa assigned to Ruminococcaceae and Neisseriaceae families. Conclusions: the data demonstrated that TM larvae meal is a valid alternative animal protein to replace FM in the aquafeeds. Only slight gut and skin microbiota changes occurred in rainbow trout after total FM replacement with insect meal. The mapping of the trout skin microbiota represents a novel contribution of the present study. Indeed, in contrast to the increasing knowledge on gut microbiota, the skin microbiota of major farmed fish species remains largely unmapped but it deserves thorough consideration.
Vietnamese People’s Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Survey
Authors: Hoang Tuyen Dinh , Colebunders Robert , Fodjo Joseph Nelson Siewe , Nguyen Nhan Phuc Thanh , Tran Trung Dinh , Vo Thang Van 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic, alongside the restrictive measures implemented for its control, may considerably affect people’s lives particularly vulnerable persons such as children, elderly and people with underlying diseases. This study aimed to assess the well-being of Vietnamese people after COVID-19 lockdown measures were lifted and life gradually returned to normal in Vietnam.MethodsAn online survey was organized from 21st to 25th April 2020 among Vietnamese residents aged 18 and over. Data were collected concerning the participants’ health status, COVID-19 preventive behaviour, and consequences of the preventive measures. The WHO-5 Well-Being Index was used to score participants’ well-being.ResultsA total of 1922 responses were analyzed (mean age was 31 years; range: 18-76). Factors associated with a high well-being score included older age, eating healthy food, practising physical exercise, working from home, and adherence to the COVID-19 preventive measures. Female participants, persons worried about their relatives’ health, and smokers were more likely to have a low well-being score.ConclusionsThe Vietnamese people continued to follow COVID-19 preventive measures even after the lockdown was lifted. Most respondents scored high on the well-being scale. However, the emergence of a new COVID-19 outbreak with an epicenter in Da Nang city is expected to increase public anxiety and mental health problems. It is clear that together with preventive measures, developing strategies to guarantee the well-being of the Vietnamese people’s is equally important.
Establishing a Postgraduate Programme in Nutritional Epidemiology to Strengthen Resource Capacity, Academic Leadership and Research in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Ali Mapatano Mala Mala , Haskins Lyn , John Vaughn , Hatløy Anne , Luthuli Silondile , Maphumulo Sphindile , Engebretsen Ingunn M.S. , Tylleskär Thorkild , Mutombo Paulin , Horwood Christiane 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundLow- and middle-income countries (LMIC) face considerable health and nutrition challenges, many of which can be addressed through strong academic leadership and robust research translated into evidence-based practice. A North-South-South partnership between three universities was established to implement a master’s programme in nutritional epidemiology at the Kinshasa School of Public Health (KSPH), Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The partnership aimed to develop academic leadership and research capacity in the field of nutrition in the DRC. In this article we describe the educational approach and processes used, and discuss successes, challenges, and lessons learned. MethodsSelf-administered questionnaires, which included both open and closed questions, were sent to all graduates and students on the master’s programme to explore students’ experiences and perceptions of all aspects of the educational programme. Quantitative data was analysed using frequencies, and a thematic approach was used to analyse responses to open-ended questions. ResultsA two-year master’s programme in Nutritional Epidemiology was established in 2014, and 40 students had graduated by 2020. Key elements included using principles of authentic learning, deployment of students for an internship at a rural residential research site, and support of selected students with bursaries. Academic staff from all partner universities participated in teaching and research supervision. The curriculum and teaching approach were well received by most students, although a number of challenges were identified. Most students reported benefits from the rural internship experience but were challenged by the isolation of the rural site, and felt unsupported by their supervisors, undermining students’ experiences and potentially the quality of the research. Financial barriers were also reported as challenges by students, even among those who received bursaries. ConclusionThe partnership was successful in establishing a Master Programme in Nutritional Epidemiology increasing the number of nutrition researchers in the DRC. This approach could be used in other LMIC settings to address health and nutrition challenges.
Impact of A Two-Year Trial of Nutritional Ketosis on Indices of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Athinarayanan Shaminie J. , Hallberg Sarah J. , McKenzie Amy L. , Lechner Katharina , King Sarah , McCarter James P. , Volek Jeff S. , Phinney Stephen D. , Krauss Ronald M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: We have previously reported that in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet capable of inducing nutritional ketosis over two years (continuous care intervention, CCI) resulted in improved body weight, glycemic control, and multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with the exception of an increase in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In the present study, we report the impact of this intervention on markers of risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a focus on lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations as well as carotid-artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). Methods: Analyses were performed in patients with T2D who completed 2 yrs of this study (CCI; n=194; usual care (UC): n=68). Lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations were measured by ion mobility at baseline, 1, and 2 yrs and CIMT was measured at baseline and 2 yrs. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess changes in independent clusters of lipoprotein particles.Results: At two years, CCI resulted in a 23% decrease of small LDL IIIb and a 29% increase of large LDL I with no change in total LDL particle concentration or ApoB. The change in proportion of smaller and larger LDL was reflected by reversal of the small LDL subclass phenotype B in a high proportion of CCI participants (48.1%) and a shift in the PC representing the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype characteristic of T2D from a major to a secondary component of the total variance. The increase in LDL-C in the CCI group was mainly attributed to larger cholesterol-enriched LDL particles. CIMT showed no change in either the CCI or UC group.Conclusion: Consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet with nutritional ketosis for 2 yrs in patients with type 2 diabetes lowered levels of small LDL particles that are commonly increased in diabetic dyslipidemia and are a marker for heightened CVD risk. A corresponding increase in concentrations of larger LDL particles was responsible for higher levels of plasma LDL-C. The lack of increase in total LDL particles, ApoB, and in progression of CIMT, provide supporting evidence that this dietary intervention did not adversely affect risk of CVD.
Prevalence and Correlates of Pregnancy Self-Testing Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Western Kenya
Authors: Nganga Nina Njeri , Dettinger Julia , Kinuthia John , Baeten Jared , John-Stewart Grace , Gómez Laurén , Ochieng Ben , Marwa Mary , Mugwanya Kenneth , Mugambi Melissa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa little is known about how often women use pregnancy self-tests or characteristics of these women despite evidence that pregnancy self-testing is associated with early antenatal care (ANC) attendance. Understanding the characteristics of women who use pregnancy self-tests may facilitate early access to ANC and preventive interventions in pregnancy. We conducted a cross-sectional survey on an ongoing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation study which enrolled pregnant women to determine the prevalence and factors associated with pregnancy self-testing among women in western Kenya. Overall in our study population, the prevalence of pregnancy self-testing was 22% and higher among women who were employed, currently in school, had previous pregnancy complications, received services from urban health facilities, and had partners who had at least attended secondary school. The most reported reasons for non-use of pregnancy self-tests included not thinking it was necessary, lack of knowledge, and lack of money to pay for the test. Future research should focus on understanding the knowledge and attitudes of women toward pregnancy self-testing.
Ultrasound-guided Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block for Trismus in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Case Report
Authors: Kojima Yuki , Sendo Ryozo , Ohno Sachi , Sugimura Mitsutaka 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a broad term that encompasses pain and/or dysfunction of the masticatory musculature and TM joints (TMJs). Its most important feature is pain, followed by limited jaw movement, and joint sounds. When it progresses to a chronic condition, the symptoms are extremely difficult to manage, often requiring multiple interventions. Case presentation: Our patient, a woman in her 50s, developed TMD after a traffic accident that occurred 30 years previously. The patient presented with severe trismus due to TMJ pain (maximum mouth opening was 20 mm). She was scheduled to undergo extraction of a right lower molar and three upper anterior teeth owing to progressing caries. However, it was anticipated that the treatment would be difficult since the patient could not open her mouth adequately. Therefore, we considered relieving the trismus to facilitate dental treatment. Based on the findings, the cause of the TMD was considered to be pain in the masticatory muscles during mouth opening. Ultrasound-guided inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) was performed on both sides using ropivacaine. Three minutes after the IANB, the pain during mouth opening disappeared and the maximum mouth opening improved to 40 mm. Dental treatment could be performed without difficulty, and the patient could maintain the mouth open throughout the treatment.Conclusions: Treatment methods for chronic TMD are limited and it is necessary to consider the exact aetiology before deciding upon a treatment option. In our case, ultrasound-guided IANB proved to be an effective modality for relieving TMD-related trismus.
Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Diagnosis and Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Wei Zimeng , Zang Linnan , Zhao Min 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background：Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main histological subtype of lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying LUAD is not yet clearly defined, but elucidating this process in detail would be of great significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Our aim is to identify the candidate key genes and pathways associated with diagnosis and prognosis in LUAD.Methods：In this study, three gene expression profiles GSE118370, GSE32863 and GSE43458 were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO), and the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by online GEO2R analysis tool. Subsequently, the enrichment analysis of function and signaling pathways of DEGs in LUAD were performed by gene ontology (GO) and The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were established through the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and hub genes were screened by plug-in CytoHubba in Cytoscape. Afterwards, the miRNAs and the hub genes network was constructed via miRWalk. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier plotter were performed to analyze the diagnosis and prognosis efficacy of hub genes. Results: A total of 311 DEGs were identified, including 74 up-regulated and 238 down-regulated genes. GO analysis results showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in biological processes including composition of extracellular matrix, regulation of angiogenesis and so on. KEGG analysis results revealed DEGs were mainly enrolled in cell adhesion signaling pathway. Subsequently, 10 hub genes, CDC20, CENPF, TPX2, TOP2A, KIAA0101, CDCA7, ASPM, ECT2, UBE2T and COL1A1, were identified. And TOP2A, CDCA7, TPX2 and COL1A1 showed strong relationships with each other and the miRNAs nearby in miRNAs-mRNA network obtained by miRWalk website. Finally, all these 10 hub genes were found significantly related to the diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD (p<0.05). Conclusions: The identification of hub genes in this study will help us to understand the pathogenesis of LUAD, especially the molecular mechanisms of its development. Our results suggested that TOP2A, CDCA7, TPX2 and COL1A1 might present predictive value for the development and prognosis in LUAD, and might be used as potential molecular markers for the diagnosis and treatment of LUAD.