bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decrease of Postchemotherapy Complications With the Use of Probiotics in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Reyna-Figueroa Jesús , Bejarano-Juvera Arely Anahí , García-Parra Cecilia , Barrón-Calvillo Elsa E. , Queipo-Garcia Gloria E. , Galindo-Delgado Patricia 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
During the administration of antineoplastic drugs, acute complications because of toxicity occur, determining their hospital readmission, visits to the emergency department, use of antimicrobials, and possibilities of presenting systemic infections, impacting on their life quality.

Methods:
Through a prospective cohort, 60 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were followed-up for 30 days after the hospital discharge because of chemotherapy administration, those patients were previously included in a single-blinded study in which 30 (group 1) received Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG probiotic during the administration of chemotherapy. The remaining 30 patients did not receive probiotics (group 2). There were evaluated gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal distension, meteorism, constipation, nausea, and vomit, development of infections, antibiotic use, number of emergency department visits, number of hospitalizations, and sepsis diagnosis.

Statistical Analysis:
To assess the impact of the use of probiotics, the difference in proportions between both study groups was evaluated.

Results:
Gastrointestinal manifestations (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation) occurred in 30% of patients in group 1 versus 63% of group 2 (P=0.009). Nine of 30 patients (30.0%) in group 1 went to the emergency room, versus 33.3% of group 2 (P=0.7). Antimicrobials were used in 8 subjects (26.6%) in group 1 versus 6 subjects (53.3%) in group 2 (P=0.03) suspected of an infectious disease. Four (13.3%) group 1 patients were hospitalized versus 30% of group 2 (P=0.1). Two subjects (6.6%) in group 1 had sepsis versus 7 (23.3%) in group 2 (P=0.07).
Conclusions:
The results indicate that the use of probiotics can be a great alternative in the improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms and the adverse effects associated with chemotherapy.
Fatal Herpes Simplex Esophagitis of an Infant Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bissessar Randall , Kannan Rajesh P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Herpes simplex virus esophagitis is a rare and not readily recognized condition which is often seen in immunocompromised individuals. This case highlights the rare complication of herpes simplex virus in an otherwise healthy male infant who presented with a possible seizure after listlessness, fever, and black stools for 1 day. The decedent died shortly after arrival to the hospital emergency department, and a complete autopsy was performed, which was remarkable for upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to esophageal ulcers secondary to viral infection (herpes simplex virus type 1). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in which herpes simplex virus esophagitis resulted in ulcerations that extended through the esophagus and involved the adjacent wall of the aorta with subsequent upper gastrointestinal bleeding leading to the death of an infant.
Medicolegal Implications of Biphasic Anaphylaxis
Authors: Da Broi Ugo , Moreschi Carlo , Marega Giulia , Tse Rexson , Garland Jack , Ondruschka Benjamin , Palmiere Cristian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Biphasic anaphylaxis is an uncommon IgE-mediated condition whose pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, and predictive signs are not properly understood. Fortunately, the lethality of biphasic anaphylaxis, although probably underestimated, is low. Preventive clinical measures for biphasic anaphylaxis are neither standardized nor commonly applied. Furthermore, there are no laboratory protocols or anaphylactic markers to help identify the onset of biphasic anaphylaxis in clinical settings. The aim of this review is to highlight the medicolegal difficulties facing coroners and forensic pathologists in terms of the diagnosis and assessment of harm for victims and survivors of biphasic anaphylaxis.
Modification of Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score Using Acute Kidney Injury Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Jhang Won Kyoung , Kim Da Hyun , Ha Eun Ju , Park Seong Jong 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To develop a modified pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score using the acute kidney injury diagnostic criteria and evaluate its performance in predicting mortality.

Design:
A single-center retrospective study.

Setting:
Fourteen-bed PICU in a tertiary care academic children’s hospital.

Patients:
Critically ill children admitted to the PICU between January 2017 and September 2019 with at least more than two serum creatinine measurements—one for baseline and the other within the first 48 hours of PICU admission.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A total of 755 patients were included. Overall, 265 patients were diagnosed with acute kidney injury using the current acute kidney injury diagnostic criteria. The overall PICU mortality was 5.8%. Patients with acute kidney injury required more vasoactive-inotropic drugs and showed higher illness severity scores, including the Pediatric Risk of Mortality III, Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction 2, pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, and modified pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores, as well as higher PICU mortality than patients without acute kidney injury (p < 0.001). As acute kidney injury stages increase, PICU mortality also increased (p < 0.001). Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, the modified pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was an independent prognostic factor of PICU mortality. The modified pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score showed better performance in predicting PICU mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.821; 95% CI, 0.759–0.882) than other severity scores (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [95% CI] of Pediatric Risk of Mortality III, Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction 2, and pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores: 0.788 [0.723–0.853], 0.735 [0.663–0.807], and 0.785 [0.718–0.853], respectively).

Conclusions:
Acute kidney injury is prevalent and associated with poor clinical outcomes in critically ill children. The modified pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, based on the acute kidney injury diagnostic criteria, showed improved performance in predicting PICU mortality. The modified pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score could be a promising prognostic factor for critically ill children.
Rapid Transition of a PICU Space and Staff to Adult Coronavirus Disease 2019 ICU Care
Authors: Wasserman Emily , Toal Megan , Nellis Marianne E. , Traube Chani , Joyce Christine , Finkelstein Robert , Killinger James S. , Joashi Umesh , Harrington John S. , Torres Lisa K. , Greenwald Bruce M. , Howell Joy 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
We describe the process by which a PICU and a PICU care team were incorporated into a hospital-wide ICU care model during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Design:
A descriptive, retrospective report from a single-center PICU.

Setting:
Twenty-three bed, quaternary PICU, within an 862-bed hospital.

Patients:
Critically ill adults, with coronavirus disease 2019-related disease.

Interventions:
ICU care provided by pediatric intensivists with training and support from medical intensivists.

Measurements and Main Results:
Within the context of the institution’s comprehensive effort to centralize and systematize care for adults with severe coronavirus disease 2019 disease, the PICU was transitioned to an adult coronavirus disease 2019 critical care unit. Nurses and physicians underwent just-in-time training over 3 days and 2 weeks, respectively. Medical ICU physicians and nurses provided oversight for care and designated hospital-based teams were available for procedures and common adult emergencies. Over a 7-week period, the PICU cared for 60 adults with coronavirus disease 2019-related critical illness. Fifty-three required intubation and mechanical ventilation for a median of 18 days. Eighteen required renal replacement therapy and 17 died.

Conclusions:
During the current and potentially in future pandemics, where critical care resources are limited, pediatric intensivists and staff can be readily utilized to meaningfully contribute to the care of critically ill adults.
The Structure of Research Questions in Randomized Controlled Trials in the Rehabilitation Field
Authors: Arienti Chiara , Lazzarini Stefano G. , Patrini Michele , Puljak Livia , Pollock Alex , Negrini Stefano 
Published: October 2020

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess whether and how the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcomes) format is described to frame research questions in randomized controlled trials looking at effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions.

Design
A methodological study was conducted. Randomized controlled trials in the rehabilitation field, published between July 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019, were included. The framing of the primary research question from each trial was evaluated.

Results
A total of 97 randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis. The most frequent framing of the primary research question was as an “objective” statement (55%), and in 33% of the articles, this was stated as an “objective” together with a “hypothesis” description. All PICO elements were present in 55% of research questions, but only 49% have used the statement suggested by Cochrane.

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that a specific item about the “research question” and the rationale that drove the proposed design following the form suggested by Cochrane should be included in the RCT Rehabilitation Checklist.
Thrombosis of the Iliac Vein Detected by 64Cu–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) PET/CT
Authors: Annunziata Salvatore , Rea Sandra , Romano Luisa , Mazzone Costanza , Di Traglia Silvia , Sciuto Rosa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An 82-year-old man had a diagnosis of prostate cancer and underwent curative radiotherapy. During the oncological follow-up, the patient showed biochemical relapse and underwent whole-body 64Cu–prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT for restaging purpose. 64Cu–prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT showed a pathological uptake in left iliac venous axis, subsequently confirmed as venous thrombosis.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Response by 11C-Methionine PET in a Case of Neuro-Sweet Disease
Authors: Mitamura Katsuya , Yamamoto Yuka , Norikane Takashi , Takata Tadayuki , Nishiyama Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sweet disease is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by fever, cutaneous erythematous plaques, and aseptic neutrophilic infiltration of various organs. Neuro-Sweet disease is a known rare central nervous system complication of Sweet disease. A 67-year-old Japanese woman who was diagnosed with neuro-Sweet disease underwent 11C-methionine (11C-MET) PET. 11C-MET PET revealed increased accumulation in the affected brain tissues. After steroid therapy, she became asymptomatic, and a follow-up 11C-MET PET scan showed disappearance of the abnormal uptake of 11C-MET.
Is 0.6% Reasonable as the Minimum Requirement of the Graft-to-recipient Weight Ratio Regardless of Lobe Selection in Adult Living-donor Liver Transplantation?
Authors: Kusakabe Jiro , Yagi Shintaro , Sasaki Kazunari , Uozumi Ryuji , Abe Hiroyasu , Okamura Yusuke , Taura Kojiro , Kaido Toshimi , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: October 2020

Background.
Several studies reported favorable outcomes of small-for-size grafts with graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR) <0.8% in living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). However, their indications should be carefully determined because they must have been indicated for low-risk cases over larger grafts with 0.8% ≤ GRWR. Furthermore, evidence for minimum requirements of GRWR remains inconclusive. We investigated the safety of small-for-size grafts against larger grafts by adjusting for confounding risk factors, and minimum requirement of graft volume in adult LDLT.

Methods.
We enrolled 417 cases of primary adult-to-adult LDLT in our center between 2006 and 2019. The outcomes of small grafts (0.6% ≤ GRWR < 0.8%, n = 113) and large grafts (0.8% ≤ GRWR, n = 289) were mainly compared using a multivariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier estimates.

Results.
The multivariate analysis showed that small grafts were not a significant risk factor for overall graft survival (GS). In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, small grafts did not significantly affect overall GS regardless of lobe selection (versus large grafts). However, GRWR < 0.6% was associated with poor overall GS. Although there were no significant differences between the 2 groups, unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curves of small grafts were inferior to those of large grafts in subcohorts with ABO incompatibility, and donor age ≥50 years.

Conclusions.
Similar outcomes were observed for small and large graft use regardless of lobe selection. 0.6% in GRWR was reasonable as the minimum requirement of graft volume in LDLT. However, small grafts should be indicated carefully for high-risk cases.
Personal protective equipment for reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers involved in emergency trauma surgery during the pandemic: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Griswold Dylan P , Gempeler Andres , Kolias Angelos , Hutchinson Peter J. , Rubiano Andres M. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this broad evidence synthesis is to identify and summarize the available literature regarding the efficacy of different personal protective equipment (PPE) for reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection in health personnel caring for patients undergoing trauma surgery in low-resource environments (LREs).IntroductionMany healthcare facilities in low-and middle-income countries are inadequately resourced and may lack optimal organization and governance, especially concerning surgical health systems. COVID-19 has the potential to decimate these already strained surgical healthcare services unless health systems take stringent measures to protect healthcare workers from viral exposure and ensure the continuity of specialized care for the patients.Inclusion criteriaThis review will preferentially consider systematic reviews of experimental and quasi-experimental studies, as well as individual studies of such designs, evaluating the effect of different PPE on the risk of COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers (HCWs) involved in emergency trauma surgery.MethodsWe will conduct several searches in the L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) platform for COVID-19, a system that performs automated regular searches in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and over thirty other sources. The search results will be presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. Critical appraisal of the eligible studies for methodological quality will be conducted. Data will be extracted using the standardized data extraction tool in Covidence. Studies will, when possible, be pooled in a statistical meta-analysis using JBI SUMARI. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach for grading the certainty of evidence will be followed, and a Summary of Findings (SoF) will be created.Systematic review registration numberCRD42020198267
Connectivity for Rapid Synchronization in a Neural Pacemaker Network
Authors: Williams Ezekiel , Shifman Aaron R. , Lewis John E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSynchronization is a fundamental property of biological neural networks, playing a mechanistic role in both healthy and disease brain states. The medullary pacemaker nucleus of the weakly electric fish is a synchronized network of high-frequency neurons, weakly coupled via gap junctions. Synchrony in the pacemaker is behaviourally modulated on millisecond timescales, but how gap junctional connectivity enables such rapid resynchronization speeds is poorly understood. Here, we use a computational model of the pacemaker, along with graph theory and predictive analyses, to investigate how network properties, such as randomness and the directionality of coupling (bidirectional/non-rectifying versus directional/rectifying gap junctions) characterize the fast synchronization of the pacemaker network. Our results provide predictions about connectivity in the pacemaker and insight into the relationship between structural network properties and synchronization dynamics in neural systems more generally.
Effects of Milk Fat Globule Epidermal Growth Factor VIII On Age-Associated Arterial Elastolysis, Fibrosis, and Calcification
Authors: Kim Soo Hyuk , Liu Lijuan , Ni Leng , Zhang Li , Zhang Jing , Wang Yushi , McGraw Kimberly R. , Monticone Robert , Telljohann Richard , Morrell Christopher H. , Lakatta Edward G. , Wang Mingyi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMilk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) protein increases with age and is mainly secreted by vascular smooth muscle cells in the arterial wall. Here, we investigated the role of MFG-E8 signaling during proinflammation, elastolysis, fibrosis, and calcification within the aging arterial wall. In vivo studies indicated that (1) Elastic lamina breaks collagen deposition and calcium-phosphorus products were markedly increased in the aging arterial wall of rats; (2) MFG-E8 protein abundance was markedly increased while intact tropoelastin (TPELN), an element of repair of the elastic fibers, was markedly decreased in the aging arterial wall of rats; (3) The absence of MFG-E8 markedly alleviated age-associated increases in elastic lamina breaks, collagen deposition and calcium-phosphorus products in mice; and (4) MFG-E8 deficiency significantly decreased age-associated increases in matrix metalloproteinase type II (MMP-2) activation, alkaline phosphatase, and runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1) expression in the aortic walls of mice. The in vitro studies demonstrated that (1) treating either young or old rat VSMCs with recombinant human MFG-E8 protein (rhMFG-E8) significantly reduced TPELN levels while MFG-E8 gene silencing significantly increased TPELN levels; (2) rhMFG-E8 treatment activated MMP-2 levels in both young and old VSMCs; and (3) MMP-2 bound to and cleaved TPELN secreted from VSMCs. Thus, these findings suggest that MFG-E8 signaling promotes age-associated adverse structural remodeling, including elastolysis, fibrosis, and calcification; however, MFG-E8 deficiency markedly mitigates these adverse effects in mice.
Intradermal versus Intramuscular Administration of Influenza Vaccination: Rapid Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Egunsola Oluwaseun , Clement Fiona , Taplin John , Mastikhina Liza , Li Joyce W. , Lorenzetti Diane L. , Dowsett Laura E. , Noseworthy Tom 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundVaccinations are essential for prevention of influenza. We synthesized the published literature on the immunogenicity and safety of the influenza vaccine at reduced or full intradermal doses compared with full intramuscular doses.MethodsA rapid review of the literature was completed. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for studies published from 2010 until June 5th, 2020. All studies comparing intradermal and intramuscular influenza vaccinations were included. Random-effects meta-analyses of immunogenicity and safety outcomes were conducted.ResultsA total of 30 relevant studies were included. Seroconversion rates were equivalent between the 3 mcg, 6 mcg, 7.5 mcg, and 9 mcg intradermal vaccine doses and the 15 mcg intramuscular vaccine dose for each of the H1N1, H3N2, and B strains, but significantly higher with the 15 mcg intradermal compared with the 15 mcg intramuscular dose, for the H1N1 (RR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20) and B strains (RR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.13-1.73). Seroprotection rates for the 9 mcg and 15 mcg intradermal doses were equivalent with the 15 mcg intramuscular dose for all the three strains, except for the 15 mcg intradermal dose for the H1N1 strain which was significantly higher (RR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09). Local adverse events were significantly higher with intradermal doses. Fever and chills were significantly higher with the 9 mcg intradermal dose, while all other systemic adverse events were equivalent for all doses.ConclusionReduced dose intradermal influenza vaccination appears to be a reasonable alternative to standard dose intramuscular vaccination because of the similarity in immunogenicity.
Misinformation on covid-19 origin and its relationship with perception and knowledge about social distancing: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Reyes Lenisse M. , Ortiz Lilibeth , Abedi Maxwell , Luciano Yenifel , Ramos Wilma , de Js. Reyes Pablo J. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTDespite the vast scientific evidence obtained from the genomic sequencing of COVID-19, a controversy regarding its origin has been created in the mass media. This could potentially have a long-term influence on the behavior among individuals, such as failure to comply with proposed social distancing measures, leading to a consequent rise in the morbidity and mortality rates from COVID-19 infection. Several studies have collected information about knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding COVID-19; however, very little is known about the relationship of the perceptions of the individuals regarding the origin of the virus with the knowledge and perception about social distancing. This study aimed at ascertaining this relationship. For such purpose, a web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample population from five provinces of the Dominican Republic within the period of June to July of 2020. The data collection instrument exploited in the study was a self-designed questionnaire distributed throughout different social media platforms. A purposive sampling strategy was implemented and a total of 1195 respondents completed the questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics, stepwise multiple linear regression and one-way multivariate analysis were implemented to test the hypotheses. The level of education was significantly associated (P = 0.017) with individuals’ perception about the origin of COVID-19, whilst only age (P = 0.032) and education level (P < 0.001) statistically significantly predicted ‘knowledge about social distancing’. Perception of COVID-19 origin was statistically significant associated (P = < 0.001) with the measures of the dependent variables (knowledge and perception on social distancing). The present study has established a possible link between the ‘perception of COVID-19 origin’ and ‘the perception and knowledge about social distancing’.