bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative focus group discussion study on the experiences of Certified Nurses in Dementia Nursing related to effective staff education
Authors: Taneichi Hiromi , Rokkaku Ryoko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences of Certified Nurses in Dementia Nursing (DCNs) concerning the effective education of staff in acute hospitals.BackgroundIn Japan, the number of inpatients with dementia who need medical care continues to increase. DCNs play an important role in educating medical staff about dementia care in acute hospitals. However, there is a lack of a clear understanding in this regard.DesignA qualitative design using a thematic analysis.MethodsData were extracted from a focus group discussion conducted with 10 DCNs working in 10 different acute hospitals in central Japan. Participants answered semi‐structured, open‐ended questions about their experiences related to effective staff education. Categories, subcategories and themes were created. This study complied with the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.ResultsThe two themes identified were “building a foundation for dementia care education” and “continuous support based on practical processes.”
Ligand Mediated Metal Cations Exchanges within Metallo‐Dynameric Solid Films
Authors: Zhang Yan , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDynameric solid films may be generated via the adequate imine‐bond connection between bis(pyridine‐2,6‐diimine) core centres, coordinated with different metal cations and diaminoPEG connectors. The adequate selection of metal cations leads to cross‐linked metallo‐dynameric films, allowing the fine modulation of their colour and mechanical property. The coordination of the metal cations and bis(pyridine‐2,6‐diimine), results in the formation of interlocked structures, leading to the most probably formation of interweaved structures with better mechanical properties than those formed in the absence of the metallic cations. Removal and addition of metal cations from solid films can be achieved via tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TREN) complexing agent, which strongly binds the metal cations, followed by subsequent insertion of other metallic cations. It allows a ligand‐modulated dynamic release of the metal cations from the solid films, together with colour transfer and change of mechanical strength at the interfaces between various solid films.
Optimal planning and control of a segway model taking into account spatial obstacles
Authors: Zauner Christian , Gattringer Hubert , Müller Andreas , Jörgl Matthias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis contribution focuses on the optimal trajectory planning for a Segway model (inverted pendulum on two independently actuated wheels). Basis for this planning is the dynamical model for this under‐actuated, non‐holonomic multibody system. For the stabilization as well as the trajectory control, a partial input/output linearization is performed, where the orientation of the robot w.r.t. the horizontal plane and the inclination angle of the pendulum are used as output. The remaining non‐linear part is linearized about the upright equilibrium position and stabilized with an LQR controller. The trajectory optimization is based on the partially linearized system, where the output (orientation and inclination) is parameterized by B‐Splines. The system is required to move through predefined points in the horizontal plane. For the optimization the control points of the B‐Splines serve as optimization variables and the overall energy of the robot serves as cost functional. Maximum motor velocities, motor torques and the ground reaction forces are the constraints. The latter are crucial when planning trajectories where the robot must pass (swing) under vertical obstacles while not losing ground contact. These maneuvers are characterized by high horizontal accelerations in order to lower the head of the robot and bring it back to upright equilibrium.
A parametric permeability study for a simplified vertebra based on regular microstructures
Authors: Trivedi Zubin , Bleiler Christian , Wagner Arndt , Röhrle Oliver 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe following work focuses on studying the permeability and its dependency on geometric parameters on the macro‐scale representing the underlying microstructure. In particular, regular microstructures are studied such that the computation of permeability is straightforward and the geometric parameters can be modified in a systematic manner. The permeabilities of the respective geometries are then derived by numerical upscaling of pore‐scale velocities computed by using Abaqus' Stokes‐flow solver. Based on these results, the permeabilities were found to be strongly dependent on the specific surface area and the respective porosity. This indicates the potential to estimate the order of magnitude for the permeability of real‐word applications using these two parameters. Furthermore, the tortuosity can be beneficial to obtain better permeability estimations.
A time‐integration algorithm for non‐linear dynamic systems of first and second order
Authors: Holl Helmut J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNon‐linear dynamic systems are defined by mechanical models involving differential equations of second order where also first order differential equations are present frequently. If some degrees of freedom have no corresponding mass, if the stiffness parameters vanish in a part of the equations or if a controller is implemented in the system, then differential equations of first order result. For linear systems of first and second order a variety of solutions is presented in [1] and various numerical procedures for solving the differential equations in [2]. A semi‐analytical method is presented which is exact for the linear dynamic and decoupled systems of first and second order. A modal transformation of the equations is necessary after a suitable partitioning of the system equations. After a discretisation in the time‐domain the relevant equations for a suitable and effective time‐integration algorithm are defined taking the non‐linearity into account. The resulting procedure is derived and the formulation is analogous to the BEM‐formulation in time, described in [3] for a system of second order. The method is extended to the coupled non‐linear differential equations of first order and is applied to a system with two degrees of freedom.
A culture of assessment: A bioecological systems approach for early and continuous assessment of deaf infants and children
Authors: Clark M. Diane , Baker Sharon , Simms Laurene 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEven today, with all of the hearing technology and bilingual programs available, many Deaf children arrive at school with severe language delays. With a renewed focus on having Deaf children kindergarten‐ready, assessment of language milestones becomes critical as seen in the campaign Child First and the legislation referred to as Language Equality & Acquisition for Deaf Kids (LEAD‐K). Here, a strategy is proposed to ensure that Deaf children are kindergarten‐ready. The focus is on a re‐evaluation of the epistemologies of the social and individualized medical models of health, as well as Bronfenbrenner's bioecological systems approach, to assess all components that impact a Deaf child's ecology to permit maximizing their developmental potentials.
A coping‐oriented group intervention for students waiting to undergo secondary school transition: Effects on coping strategies, self‐esteem, and social anxiety symptoms
Authors: Brouzos Andreas , Vassilopoulos Stephanos P. , Vlachioti Antigone , Baourda Vasiliki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo facilitate students’ transition into secondary school, a coping‐oriented group program was designed. Pre‐ and posttest data from three intervention groups conducted over the course of 5 weeks were combined for a total of 56 sixth‐grade students waiting to undergo school transition. There was also a test–retest control group (n = 26). Results indicate that completion of the intervention led to a significant decrease on scales measuring self‐reported social anxiety symptoms. There was also a significant increase in intervention participants’ self‐reported self‐esteem, likeability, adherence to social rules, and frequency of active coping strategies, compared with the control group. Furthermore, a regression analysis showed that change in the self‐reported use of active coping strategies predicted change in social anxiety symptoms for the intervention group. However, no significant change in self‐reported use of passive‐avoidant coping was observed. We conclude that facilitating effective coping with stress may provide a highly beneficial perspective toward designing transition groups, that may also lead to a significant reduction in social anxiety symptoms in adolescents waiting to undergo secondary school transition.
The effects of self‐efficacy, hope, and engagement on the academic achievement of secondary education in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Tomás José Manuel , Gutiérrez Melchor , Georgieva Sylvia , Hernández Miosotis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAchievement in the academic settings has long lasting positive outcomes. In this study, hope, self‐efficacy, and engagement are linked to academic success. The aims of this study were to test a model which predicts academic success in the Dominican Republic while testing for the mediator role of engagement. The sample was composed of 614 middle‐school students. Scales of Dispositional Hope, Academic Self‐Efficacy, Academic Self‐concept, and Engagement were used. Academic performance was measured with students' grades in Spanish and Mathematics. Three structural equation models were tested. The retained model stated hope and self‐efficacy as antecedents, engagement dimensions as mediators and grades and academic self‐concept as final outcomes. There were significant effects of hope and self‐efficacy on engagement, and behavioral engagement was the best predictor of academic success. These results point out that interventions should target variables, such as hope or engagement to increase academic success.
Mediating effect of goal adjustment on the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout
Authors: Chang Eunbi , Lee Sang Min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism, goal adjustment, and academic burnout. A total of 279 undergraduate students completed an online survey. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the mediating effect of goal adjustment on the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout. The results showed that socially prescribed perfectionism was unrelated to goal disengagement; however, goal reengagement mediated the positive relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout. In other words, higher levels of socially prescribed perfectionism predicted lower levels of goal reengagement; conversely, lower levels of goal reengagement predicted higher levels of academic burnout. The implications of these findings and the limitations of the present study are discussed.
Pedoclimate monitoring in the periglacial high mountain soils of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile
Authors: Gjorup Davi Feital , Francelino Marcio Rocha , Michel Roberto Ferreira Machado , Senra Eduardo Osório , Schaefer Carlos Ernesto G.R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPedoclimate monitoring in the Central Andes is key to understanding climatic change in arid high‐mountain low‐latitude environments. We carried out a study of the thermal–hydric regimes of three soils along an altitudinal gradient in the Licancabur Volcano, northern Chile. In situ measurements of soil and air temperature and water content were collected over 19 months, via temperature and moisture probes installed from 5 to 100 cm depths, at 5,061, 4,728 and 4,426 m a.s.l. All soils show a periglacial thermal regime, but without permafrost. The contrasting behavior regarding soil water content and temperature regime along the gradient was attributed to climate, geomorphic features and varying soil attributes. Altitude‐related factors (air temperature and precipitation) drive the overall thermal regime of soils, but the mid‐altitude site showed the coldest soil thermal regime. Here, local landform characteristics (south aspect, mid‐slope location) impose lower solar radiation, influencing the soil thermal regime. Aridity drives unusual periglacial processes, with low frost shattering, no cryoturbation and particular landscape evolution. The thermal behavior affects soil moisture, with the lowest water contents recorded in the winter period due to water freezing at colder sites. Higher clay content results in greater soil moisture, despite the lower rainfall, shallow depth of the wetting front and large variability in water content. The study period included an extreme climatic event, and as such the monitored data do not represent the typical regional seasonal variation. Pedoclimate is more important in driving soil development than altitude‐related factors.
Anti‐inflammatories and mucociliary clearance therapies in the age of CFTR modulators
Authors: Perrem Lucy , Ratjen Felix 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic and life‐limiting disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This multi‐system disease is characterized by progressive lung disease and pancreatic insufficiency amongst other manifestations. CFTR primarily functions as a chloride channel that transports ions across the apical membrane of epithelial cells but has other functions, including bicarbonate secretion and inhibition of sodium transport. Defective CFTR disrupts these functions, causing viscous and dehydrated mucus to accumulate, compromising the airway lumen and contributing to obstructive pulmonary disease. The combination of CFTR dysfunction, mucus obstruction, and infection drive an exaggerated and dysfunctional inflammatory response, which contributes to irreversible airway destruction and fibrosis.CFTR modulators, an exciting new class of drugs, increase the expression and/or function of CFTR variant protein and improve multiple clinical endpoints, such as lung function, pulmonary exacerbation rates, and nutritional status. However, these genotype‐specific drugs are not universally available, the clinical response is variable, and lung function still declines over time when bronchiectasis is established. Consequently, even in the age of CFTR modulators, we must target other important aspects of the CF airway disease, such as inflammation and mucociliary clearance. This review highlights the mechanisms of inflammation and mucus accumulation in the CF lung and discusses anti‐inflammatory and mucociliary clearance agents that are currently in development focusing on compounds for which clinical trial data have recently become available.
The demographics of adverse outcomes in cystic fibrosis
Authors: McGarry Meghan E. , Williams Wadsworth A. , McColley Susanna A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding variability in cystic fibrosis (CF) health outcomes requires an understanding of factors that go far beyond Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Receptor (CFTR) function caused by different gene mutations. Social and environmental factors that influence health have a significant influence on the trajectory of health in CF and in other chronic diseases. In this article, we review demographic factors associated with poorer health outcomes in CF, known and postulated biological mechanisms of these outcomes, and interventions that healthcare teams can implement that may reduce outcome disparities.
Cystic fibrosis precision therapeutics: Emerging considerations
Authors: Joshi Disha , Ehrhardt Annette , Hong Jeong S. , Sorscher Eric J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSmall molecules that address fundamental defects underlying cystic fibrosis (CF), including modulators such as the approved drugs ivacaftor, lumacaftor, tezacaftor, and elexacaftor, have advanced dramatically over the past few years and are transforming care and prognosis among individuals with this disease. The new treatment strategies are predicated on established scientific insight concerning pathogenesis, and applying “personalized” or “precision” interventions for specific abnormalities of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Even with the advent of highly effective triple drug combinations—which hold great promise for the majority of patients with CF worldwide—barriers to precision therapy remain. These include refractory CFTR variants (premature truncation codons, splice defects, large indels, severe missense mutations, and others) not addressed by available modulators, and access to leading‐edge therapeutic compounds for patients with ultrarare forms of CF. In addition to describing the remarkable progress that has occurred regarding CF precision medicine, this review outlines some of the remaining challenges. The CF experience is emblematic of many conditions for which personalized interventions are actively being sought.
Effects of inorganic fertilizer on larval development, adult longevity and insecticide susceptibility in the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Samuel Michael , Brooke Basil D , Oliver Shüné V 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDExposure to inorganic fertilizer is common for the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis, which is closely associated with agricultural activities. The aim of this study was to understand if insecticide susceptible and resistant individuals respond to fertilizer exposure in the same manner. Two laboratory strains, SENN, an insecticide susceptible strain, and SENN‐DDT, an insecticide resistant strain selected strain selected from SENN, were used in this study. Both strains were exposed to one of three concentrations of a combination nitrogen‐phosphorus‐potassium (NPK) inorganic fertilizer, as well as nitrogenous (urea), phosphorus (superphosphate) and kaelic (potassium chloride, KCl) elemental fertilizer. The time to pupation was monitored, adult longevity was assessed and the insecticide tolerance of adults was determined. The effect of elemental fertilizers on ovipositioning site choice was also assessed.RESULTSFor both strains, urea increased the number of eggs laid, while superphosphate resulted in a significant decrease in egg laying. Larval NPK exposure decreased the time to pupation in the SENN strain but not in SENN‐DDT. Urea exposure increased the time to pupation in both strains, while KCl decreased the time to pupation in both strains. Larval NPK exposure only affected adult male longevity at high concentrations. Larval exposure to NPK and KCl resulted in increased insecticide tolerance in both strains, with variable efficacy from strain to strain.CONCLUSIONExposure to inorganic fertilizers has a greater effect on insecticide susceptible An. arabiensis as compared to resistant strains, where the primary advantage is increased insecticide tolerance. These data also demonstrate that larval fertilizer exposure can affect fecundity and fertility, and alter the life histories of adult An. arabiensis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Fertility intentions of having a second child among the floating population in China: Effects of socioeconomic factors and home ownership
Authors: Zhou Min , Guo Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe adoption of the universal two‐child policy in late 2015, replacing the one‐child policy, signals a dramatic shift in China's fertility policy. The 2016 China Migrants Dynamic Survey provides a nationally representative dataset that enables us to reveal, for the first time, the socioeconomic correlates of fertility intentions of having a second child among China's large migrant population. Using a multilevel analytical framework, we find that male, younger, and more affluent migrants, those from minority ethnic groups, individuals migrating from rural areas, those whose first child is a girl, those at 5 years after having the first child, and migrants living in economically less developed cities are more likely to express the intention to have a second child. Moreover, our study establishes a correlation between home ownership and fertility intentions. Migrants who own their own home in the destination city express lower intentions to have a second child, compared with those who are renting. We suggest a proposition about this counterintuitive relationship between home ownership and lower fertility intentions: home ownership and childbearing compete for the limited financial resources of migrants who are socioeconomically disadvantaged in China.
The effects of grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera) supplement on inflammatory markers, neuropeptide Y, anthropometric measures, and appetite in obese or overweight individuals: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Parandoosh Maryam , Yousefi Reyhaneh , Khorsandi Hoda , Nikpayam Omid , Saidpour Atoosa , Babaei Hossein 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundGrape seed extract (GSE) is a natural supplement known for its various health benefits, including anti‐inflammatory effect. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GSE supplementation on inflammatory markers, neuropeptide Y, anthropometric measurements, and appetite in obese or overweight individuals.Methods and materialsA randomized, double‐blind clinical trial was performed on 40 obese or overweight subjects who were randomly assigned to receive GSE (300 mg/day) or placebo for a period of 12‐weeks. Both groups were under a restricted calorie diet (RCD)(~250 kcal lower than the estimated energy requirement). Anthropometric measurements, biochemical biomarkers and dietary intakes were determined during the study period.ResultsThe reductions of body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio were significantly higher in the GSE group compared to the placebo group (P = 0.045, 0.033, 0.029, and 0.021, respectively). Lower levels of neuropeptide Y, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein were observed in the GSE group in comparison with the placebo group (P = 0.041, 0.001, and 0.034, respectively).ConclusionGSE supplement with a RCD has favorable effects in reducing anthropometric measurements and inflammatory markers in obese or overweight individuals, and may play an effective role in the treatment of obesity.
Inference on Weibull parameters under a balanced two‐sample type II progressive censoring scheme
Authors: Mondal Shuvashree , Kundu Debasis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe progressive censoring scheme has received a considerable amount of attention in the last 15 years. During the last few years, joint progressive censoring scheme has gained some popularity. Recently, the authors Mondal and Kundu (“A New Two Sample Type‐II Progressive Censoring Scheme,” Communications in Statistics‐Theory and Methods) introduced a balanced two‐sample type II progressive censoring scheme and provided the exact inference when the two populations are exponentially distributed. In this article, we consider the case when the two populations follow Weibull distributions with the common shape parameter and different scale parameters. We obtain the maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters. It is observed that the maximum likelihood estimators cannot be obtained in explicit forms; hence, we propose approximate maximum likelihood estimators, which can be obtained in explicit forms. We construct the asymptotic and bootstrap confidence intervals of the population parameters. Further, we derive an exact joint confidence region of the unknown parameters. We propose an objective function based on the expected volume of this confidence region, and using that, we obtain the optimum progressive censoring scheme. Extensive simulations have been performed to see the performances of the proposed method, and one real data set has been analyzed for illustrative purposes.