bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DSSAM: Digitally Signed Secure Acknowledgement Method for Mobile Ad-hoc Network
Authors: Srivast Ashutosh , Gupta Sachin Kumar , Najim Mohd , Sahu Nitesh , Aggarwal Geetika , Mazumdar Bireshwar Dass 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) is an infrastructure-less, self-motivated, arbitrary, self-configuring, rapidly changing, multi-hop network that is self-possessing wireless bandwidth-conscious links without centrally managed router support. In such a network, wireless media is easy to snoop. It is firm to the surety to access any node, easier to insertion of bad elements or attackers for malicious activities in the network. Therefore, security issues become one of the significant considerations for such kind of networks. The deployment of an effective intrusion detection system is important in order to provide protection against various attacks. In this paper, a Digitally Signed Secure Acknowledgement Method (DSSAM) with the use of the RSA digital signature has been proposed and simulated. Three different parameters are considered viz. secure acknowledgment, node authentication and packet authentication for study. This article observes the DSSAM performance and compares it with two existing standard methods, namely, Watchdog and 2-ACK under standard Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) routing environment. In the end, it is noticed that the rate of detection of malicious behaviour is better in the case of the proposed method. However, associated overheads are high. A trade-off between performance and overhead has been considered.
Evaluating Documentation of Social History in Paediatric Medical Notes at a Regional Paediatric Centre – A Quality Improvement Initiative.
Authors: Foley DF , Hannon JK , O'Gorman CS , Murphy AM 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background A child’s home and family environment plays a vital role in neuro-cognitive and emotional development. Assessment of a child’s home environment and social circumstances is an crucial part of holistic Paediatric assessment.Aims Our aim is to achieve full compliance with comprehensive documentation of biopsychosocial history, for all children medically admitted to the children’s inpatient unit in University Hospital Limerick.Methods We performed a retrospective chart review to audit documentation within our department. This was followed by teaching interventions and a survey on knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of paediatric non-consultant hospital doctors (NCHDs) towards the social history. We performed two subsequent re-audits to assess response to our interventions, and provided educational sessions to seek improvement in quality of care.Results Results showed a significant improvement in quality of documentation following interventions, demonstrated by a net increase of 53% in levels of documentation of some social history on first re-audit. Though this was not maintained at an optimum level throughout the course of the year with compliance reduced from 95% to 82.5% on second re-audit, there was nonetheless a sustained improvement from our baseline. Our qualitative survey suggested further initiatives and educational tools that may be helpful in supporting the ongoing optimisation of the quality of documentation of social history in our paediatric department.Conclusion We hope this quality improvement initiative will ultimately lead to sustained improvements in the quality of patient-centred care, and early identification and intervention for children at risk in our community.
Analysis of the expression and potential molecular mechanism of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) in papillary thyroid cancer via bioinformatics methods
Authors: Xie Zhenyu , Li Xin , He Yuzhen , Wu Song , Wang Shiyue , Sun Jianjian , He Yuchen , Lun Yu , Xin Shijie , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) has been reported as a biomarker of many cancers. However, the biological function of IL1RN in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains undetermined.
Methods: We obtained IL1RN expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Enrichment analysis of coexpressed genes and IL1RN methylation analysis were performed via LinkedOmics. The correlations between IL1RN and immune infiltrates were investigated via ESTIMATE, TIMER and TISIDB. We analyzed the association of IL1RN expression with pancancer overall survival (OS) via Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA).
Results: IL1RN showed higher expression levels and lower methylation levels in PTC tissues than in normal tissues. Higher IL1RN expression was significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS), advanced tumor stage, tumor metastasis, increased incidence of BRAF mutations, and decreased incidence of N-RAS and H-RAS mutations. Genes coexpressed with IL1RN participate primarily in immune-related pathways. IL1RN expression was positively correlated with immune infiltration, tumor progression and poor overall survival for all cancers.
Conclusions: IL1RN is a good prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for PTC. IL1RN may promote thyroid cancer progression through immune-related pathways. Methylation may act as an upstream regulator of IL1RN expression and biological function. Additionally, IL1RN was shown to have broad prognostic value in a pancancer cohort.
On the Temporal Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic and Prediction of R0
Authors: Patil Kshitij , Murali Anirudh , Ganguli Piyali , Nandi Sutanu , Sarkar Ram Rup 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people and claimed numerous lives already. As of now, there are no available treatments and it has become both imperative and challenging to forecast the COVID-19 cases, which will help to design effective clinical management and policy to fight the pandemic. With the objective to forecast the COVID-19 cases and Basic Reproductive Number (R0) country-wise, for more than a month ahead, we have adopted a data driven approach that employs Multiple Aggregation Prediction Algorithm (MAPA) for temporal predictions. Our strategy applies MAPA in two ways. The first is the direct application on the number of cases and second is by calculation of R0, followed by MAPA. This novel workflow generates a Principal and an Exponential Prediction that provides a range of values within which the total number of cases is expected to lie. The strategy and workflow have been validated for long term predictions with 51 countries in different growth phases. Thereafter, we have made predictions of the possible number of COVID-19 cases for the next 45 days of these 51 countries, the world as a whole and the other 160 countries combined, that are affected by the pandemic.
Tokopherols in Okara (Soy Pulp): Highly Efficient Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Petrova Svetlana , Maksimova Irina 
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Soy pulp, or okara, is a soy milk by-product. It contains a complex of valuable macro- and micronutrients, including fat-soluble vitamins. Recently, there has been a growing interest in replacing synthetic antioxidants with a mix of natural tocopherols. Soy beans and their by-products contain vitamin E and therefore can be used in food production, cosmetic, etc.
Study objects and methods. The present research featured soy pulp. The content of tocopherols in the soy product was determined by high performance liquid chromatography using Sigma Aldrich standards and corresponding calibration dependencies. The research also involved spectrophotometry for determining tocopherols in standard solutions followed by chromatographic separation using fluorimetric detection.
Results and discussion. To determine tocopherols in the okara, the test samples were treated with hexane. The filtered solution was exposed to low temperatures, after which the phases formed by centrifugation were separated. The samples were tested for all forms of tocopherols with the exception of β- and γ-forms. The chromatographic separation of the peaks of these forms was difficult due to the fact that their structural formulas were similar and differed only in the arrangement of methyl groups, i.e. the ortho- and paraposition. As a result, it was decided to determine the sum of the β- and γ-forms, which did not affect the objectivity of the analysis, since, according to published data, the content of β-tocopherol in soy products stays within 5%.
Conclusion. The proposed method for sample preparation made it possible to improve the separation of the lipid fraction, which had a positive effect on the results of the analysis. The method also determined not only the quantitative, but also the qualitative content of tocopherols in the product. This reduced the risk of malfunctioning chromatographic equipment: the method proved more economical in terms of labor and reagent use. The obtained results corresponded to the existing scientific data on the content of tocopherols in soy products. The content of tocopherols in soy okara was 109 mg%.
Advanced Production Technology of Flour-Based Foods with Chlorella Concentrate
Authors: Bochkareva Zenfira , Volshenkova Ekaterina 
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Semi-finished products require various additives that increase shelf life, improve sensory properties, or decrease raw material costs. Unfortunately, most additives improve neither nutrition nor biological value of the finished product. The present research featured precooked thin pancakes fortified with a chlorella concentrate. This microalgal supplement with scientific-based healthy properties is a unique project of Russian developers. The chlorella concentrate possesses a balanced amino acid composition, vitamins, major nutrient elements, and dietary minerals. Therefore, it can improve the nutrient and biological value of the pancakes.
Study objects and methods. The research featured laboratory and industrial samples of precooked pancakes. 3%, 6%, and 10% of the milk were replaced with chlorella concentrate. The quantitative ratio of the components was determined empirically to obtain pancakes of the optimal quality. The batter-making and baking technologies were traditional. The mixing of milk and chlorella concentrate caused no protein aggregation.
Results and discussion. The obtained batter was similar with the control sample in viscosity. The sensory properties did not deteriorate. As the proportion of the concentrate increased, the color of the batter changed from pale green to bright green. The sample with 10% of chlorella concentrate had a distinct algae smell. After the milk was replaced with the chlorella concentrate in the amount of 3%, 6%, and 10%, the amino acid composition demonstrated the following changes. The amount of lysine increased by 4.36%, 8.54%, and 14.72%, respectively. The amount of tryptophan increased by 5.46%, 10.75%, and 18.37, respectively. The amount of methionine + cystine increased by 4.04%, 7.94%, and 13.61%, respectively. The introduction of chlorella concentrate raised the content of certain minerals and vitamins, e.g. iron, vitamins of β-carotene, and vitamin C.
Conclusions. Chlorella concentrate improved the production technology of flour-based foods. Therefore, it helps to expand the range of this group of precooked products while improving their biological and nutrition value.
Repurposing Drugs for the Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Lovato Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski , Barboza Lorena Neris , Wietzikoski Samantha , de Souza Amanda Nascimento Vasques , Auth Pablo Alvarez , Junior Arquimedes Gasparotto , dos Reis Lívero Francislaine Aparecida 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization, is a newly emerging zoonotic agent that emerged in
China in December 2019. No specific treatment for COVID-19 is currently available. Usual palliative treatment
includes maintaining hydration and nutrition and controlling fever and cough. The clinical severity and extent of
transmission need to be determined, and therapeutic options need to be developed and optimized.

Methods:
The present review discusses the recent repurposing of drugs for COVID-19 treatment.

Results:
Several compounds, including remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, interferon-β, ribavirin, chloroquine/
hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, tocilizumab, and ivermectin, have emerged as promising alternatives.
They block the virus from entering host cells, prevent viral replication, and attenuate exacerbation of the host's
immune response.

Conclusion:
Although some evidence indicates the positive actions of different classes of compounds for the
treatment of COVID-19, few clinical assays have been established to definitively demonstrate their therapeutic
value in humans. Multicenter clinical studies are urgently needed to validate and standardize therapeutic regimens
that involve these agents. Although science has not yet presented us with a specific drug against COVID-19, the
repurposing of drugs appears to be promising in our fight against this devastating disease.
The Roles of LncRNAs in Osteogenesis, Adipogenesis and Osteoporosis
Authors: Guo Bo , Zhu Xiaokang , Li Xinzhi , Yuan C.F. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Osteoporosis (OP) is the most common bone disease, which is listed by the World
Health Organization (WHO) as the third major threat to life and health among the elderly. The etiology of OP is
multifactorial, and its potential regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are
the non-coding RNAs that are over 200 bases in the chain length. Increasing evidence indicates that LncRNAs are
the important regulators of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, and the occurrence of OP is greatly related
to the dysregulation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation lineage. Meanwhile,
LncRNAs affect the occurrence and development of OP by regulating OP-related biological processes.

Methods:
In the review, we summarized and analyzed the latest findings of LncRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis
and related biological processes of OP. Relevant studies published in the last five years were retrieved and
selected from the PubMed database using the keywords of LncRNA and OP.

Results/Conclusion:
The present study aimed to examine the underlying mechanisms and biological roles of
LncRNAs in OP, as well as osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Our results contributed to providing new
clues for the epigenetic regulation of OP, making LncRNAs the new targets for OP therapy.
Immunosuppression in Visceral Transplantation: Current Trends and Future Perspectives
Authors: Backes Ariane , Vianna Rodrigo , Beduschi Thiago 
Published: July 2020

:
Visceral transplant represents an immunologic challenge due to high intestinal graft immunogenicity.
Over the last 20 years, significant advances in immunosuppression regimens have resulted in excellent short-term
outcomes.

:
Currently, visceral transplant is the standard of care for patients with gut failure having life-threatening complications
and complex abdominal pathology. In this review, we describe immunosuppressive strategies in the visceral
transplant field.
Association Between Sedentary Behavior and Obesity in School-age Children in China: A Systematic Review of Evidence
Authors: Shao Tianyi , Wang Lijuan , Chen Huan 
Published: July 2020

Background and Objective:China has experienced a rapid increase in the number of obese and overweight children, and sedentary behavior has been recognized as an important factor. The purpose of this review is to summarize studies on the relationship between sedentary behavior and obesity in school-age children in China.Methods:A systematic search was conducted to identify studies that investigate the relationship between sedentary behavior and obesity in children between the ages of 6 and 18 years in China. Two researchers independently screened studies, assessed their methodological quality, and extracted relevant data. Findings on the relationship between sedentary behavior and obesity in children were synthesized and analyzed.Results:A total of 17 studies were included in the review. Fifteen out of 17 studies indicated that spending too much time engaged in sedentary behavior, especially screen-based sedentary behavior, was associated with obesity in children and adolescents in China. Possible reasons for this association are less energy expenditure, increased energy intake, and insufficient sleep owing to overtime sedentary behavior. Moreover, seven, six, and three studies justified children’s physical activity, dietary intake, or sleep, and most of the studies (five, three, and two) indicated that association between sedentary behavior and obesity is independent of these justified variables. Although differences in gender and area of residence in the association between sedentary behavior and obesity were examined in five studies, definite conclusions could not be drawn because of inconsistent findings or limited research.Conclusion:Future research is necessary to enhance understanding of demographic differences in the association between sedentary behavior and obesity in children as well as on the contributions of different types of sedentary behavior to child obesity in China.
Machine Learning Model for Risk Prediction of Community-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury Hospitalization From Electronic Health Records: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Hsu Chien-Ning , Liu Chien-Liang , Tain You-Lin , Kuo Chin-Yu , Lin Yun-Chun 
Published: July 2020

Background
Community-acquired acute kidney injury (CA-AKI)-associated hospitalizations impose significant health care needs and contribute to in-hospital mortality. However, most risk prediction models developed to date have focused on AKI in a specific group of patients during hospitalization, and there is limited knowledge on the baseline risk in the general population for preventing CA-AKI-associated hospitalization.

Objective
To gain further insight into risk exploration, the aim of this study was to develop, validate, and establish a scoring system to facilitate health professionals in enabling early recognition and intervention of CA-AKI to prevent permanent kidney damage using different machine-learning techniques.

Methods
A nested case-control study design was employed using electronic health records derived from a group of Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals in Taiwan from 2010 to 2017 to identify 234,867 adults with at least two measures of serum creatinine at hospital admission. Patients were classified into a derivation cohort (2010-2016) and a temporal validation cohort (2017). Patients with the first episode of CA-AKI at hospital admission were classified into the case group and those without CA-AKI were classified in the control group. A total of 47 potential candidate variables, including age, gender, prior use of nephrotoxic medications, Charlson comorbid conditions, commonly measured laboratory results, and recent use of health services, were tested to develop a CA-AKI hospitalization risk model. Permutation-based selection with both the extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithms was performed to determine the top 10 important features for scoring function development.

Results
The discriminative ability of the risk model was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the predictive CA-AKI risk model derived by the logistic regression algorithm achieved an AUC of 0.767 (95% CI 0.764-0.770) on derivation and 0.761 on validation for any stage of AKI, with positive and negative predictive values of 19.2% and 96.1%, respectively. The risk model for prediction of CA-AKI stages 2 and 3 had an AUC value of 0.818 for the validation cohort with positive and negative predictive values of 13.3% and 98.4%, respectively. These metrics were evaluated at a cut-off value of 7.993, which was determined as the threshold to discriminate the risk of AKI.

Conclusions
A machine learning–generated risk score model can identify patients at risk of developing CA-AKI-related hospitalization through a routine care data-driven approach. The validated multivariate risk assessment tool could help clinicians to stratify patients in primary care, and to provide monitoring and early intervention for preventing AKI while improving the quality of AKI care in the general population.
Design and Development of a Digital Weight Management Intervention (ToDAy): Qualitative Study
Authors: Shoneye Charlene L , Mullan Barbara , Begley Andrea , Pollard Christina M , Jancey Jonine , Kerr Deborah A 
Published: July 2020

Background
The Tailored Diet and Activity (ToDAy) study aims to build on the campaign by adding a digital intervention with the potential to provide wide-reaching, cost-effective weight management support.

Objective
The ToDAy study aims to build a tailored intervention using mobile technology to improve diet and physical activity behaviours in adults with overweight and obesity. The main objectives were to identify behavior change techniques for diet and physical activity (PA) change for weight loss and explore preferences for digital intervention features that would be effective in changing diet and PA behaviors.

Methods
This qualitative study uses the principles of a person-based approach to intervention development; the behavioral intervention technology framework; and the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior (COM-B) framework. Focus groups and telephone interviews were conducted with 56 adults in Western Australia. Open-ended questions and example intervention features were used to explore the usability and acceptability of the self-monitoring tools, knowledge about effective weight-loss strategies, and acceptability of tailored feedback. Findings from the focus groups and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Qualitative findings revealed an awareness of key public health messages but a lack of confidence in how to perform these behaviors to help manage their weight. A total of 4 major themes were identified and mapped to the domains of the COM-B framework: (1) misinformation, (2) environmental support, (3) social norms, and (4) confidence.

Conclusions
This study explores users’ capability, opportunity, and motivation to perform the target behaviors for weight loss. The findings suggested that a digital weight management intervention using a mobile food record and activity trackers to inform tailored feedback may be acceptable and feasible. Participants expressed a preference for simple expert advice, digital self-monitoring tools, and visual feedback.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/12782