bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of MR-mammography as a solitary imaging technique in women with dense breasts: an economic evaluation of the prospective TK-Study
Authors: Froelich Matthias F. , Kaiser Clemens G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the economic implications of our previous study on the use of MR-mammography (MRM) as a solitary imaging tool in women at intermediate risk due to dense breasts.

Background
In our previous study, we found MRM to be a specific diagnostic tool with high accuracy in patients with dense breasts representing a patient collective at intermediate risk of breast cancer. For this study, we examined whether MRM is an economical alternative.

Methods
For the determination of outcomes and costs, a decision model based on potential diagnostic results of MRM was developed. Quality of life was estimated in a Markov chain model distinguishing between the absence of malignancy, the presence of malignancy, and death. Input parameters were utilized from the prospective TK-Study. To investigate the economic impact of MRM, overall costs in € and outcomes of MRM in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated. A deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed.

Results
MRM was associated with expected costs of 1650.48 € in the 5-year period and an expected cumulative outcome of 4.69 QALYs. A true positive diagnosis resulted in significantly lower costs and a higher quality of life when compared to the consequences of a false negative result. In the deterministic sensitivity analysis, treatment costs had more impact on overall costs than the costs of MRM. The total costs per patient remained below 2500 € in the 5-year period.

Conclusion
MRM, as a solitary imaging tool in patients at intermediate risk due to dense breasts, is economically feasible.

Key Points
• In patients with dense breasts (i.e., patients at intermediate risk of breast cancer), the relative cost of MR-mammography examinations only had moderate impact on overall costs.
• This is due to cost-savings through the application of a sensitive imaging technique resulting in an optimized staging and therapy planning.
• MR-mammography, unaccompanied by mammography or ultrasound in patients with dense breasts, was economically feasible in our analysis.
Impact of leukoaraiosis severity on the association of outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Huo Longwen , Chen Penghui , Wang Zhongxiu , Li Xiandong , Zhou Jie , Wang Chao , Xing Dajiang , Wang Shouchun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Leukoaraiosis (LA) severity is associated with poor outcome after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusion. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the association of LA severity with AIS-related risk factors and outcomes of MT.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Collaboration Database was searched for studies on MT for AIS with LA. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis for the prevalence of stroke risk factors and the MT outcome in the absent to moderate LA and severe LA groups.

Results
We included seven cohort studies involving 1294 participants (1019 with absent to moderate LA and 275 with severe LA). The absent to moderate LA group had a significantly lower prevalence of coronary artery disease (odds ratio [OR] 0.43; 95% CI 0.29–0.66), atrial fibrillation (OR, 0.26; 95% CI 0.17–0.38), hypertension (OR, 0.39; 95% CI 0.24–0.61), and ischemic stroke (OR, 0.27; 95% CI 0.15–0.50) than the severe LA group. There were no significant between-group differences in symptom onset to recanalization time (364.4 versus 356.2 min, mean difference 19.4; 95% CI − 28.3 to 67.2), final recanalization rate (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score of 2b/3; OR, 0.87; 95% CI 0.55–1.38), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR, 0.62; 95% CI 0.34–1.11). The absent to moderate LA group had a higher good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 at 90 days; OR, 4.55; 95% CI 3.20–6.47) and a lower mortality rate (179/1019 vs 108/275; OR, 0.28; 95% CI 0.20–0.39).

Conclusion
There are unique differences in the characteristics of risk factors and clinical outcomes of ischemic stroke across patients with LA of different severity. Patients with severe LA are more likely to be associated with risk factors for cerebrovascular disease and have a poor post-MT outcome.
Impact of catheterization on shear-mediated arterial dilation in healthy young men
Authors: Tryfonos Andrea , Cocks Matthew , Rasoul Debar , Mills Joseph , Green Daniel J. , Dawson Ellen A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Animal studies have shown that endothelial denudation abolishes vasodilation in response to increased shear stress. Interestingly, shear-mediated dilation has been reported to be reduced, but not abolished, in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients following catheterization. However, it is not known whether this resulted from a priori endothelial dysfunction in this diseased population. In this study, we evaluated shear-mediated dilation following catheterization in healthy young men.

Methods
Twenty-six (age: 24.4 ± 3.8 years, BMI: 24.3 ± 2.8 kg m−2, VO2peak: 50.5 ± 8.8 ml/kg/min) healthy males underwent unilateral transradial catheterization. Shear-mediated dilation of both radial arteries was measured using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) pre-, and 7 days post-catheterization.

Results
FMD was reduced in the catheterized arm [9.3 ± 4.1% to 4.3 ± 4.1% (P < 0.001)] post-catheterization, whereas no change was observed in the control arm [8.4 ± 3.8% to 7.3 ± 3.8% (P = 0.168)]. FMD was completely abolished in the catheterized arm in five participants. Baseline diameter (P = 0.001) and peak diameter during FMD (P = 0.035) were increased in the catheterized arm 7 days post-catheterization (baseline: 2.3 ± 0.3 to 2.6 ± 0.2 mm, P < 0.001, peak: 2.5 ± 0.3 to 2.7 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.001), with no change in the control arm (baseline: 2.3 ± 0.3 to 2.3 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.288, peak: 2.5 ± 0.3 to 2.5 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.608).

Conclusion
This is the first study in young healthy individuals with intact a priori endothelial function to provide evidence of impaired shear-mediated dilation following catheterization. When combined with earlier studies in CAD patients, our data suggest the catheterization impairs artery function in humans.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in acute cholecystectomy revisited: results of a double-blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jaafar Gona , Sandblom Gabriel , Lundell Lars , Hammarqvist Folke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Evidence supporting the value of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) in surgery for acute cholecystitis is lacking. This study aimed to shed light on whether PAP in acute cholecystectomy for cholecystitis reduces the postoperative infectious complication (PIC) rate. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of bacteriobilia, CRP values and leucocyte counts.

Methods
The study was performed as a single-centre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised study. Patients with acute cholecystitis amenable for acute laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to either PAP (piperacillin/ tazobactam) or placebo, and the subsequent clinical course was followed.

Results
A total of 106 patients were enrolled, 16 of whom were excluded due to protocol violation. PIC developed in 22 of the 90 patients included with no significant difference between the PAP and placebo groups (8 patients in the PAP group and 14 in the placebo arm, p = 0.193). The PIC rate was significantly higher in patients with a raised CRP at randomisation and on the day of surgery and in cases of conversion to an open procedure (p = 0.008, 0.004 and 0.017, respectively) but with no differences between the study groups.

Conclusion
PAP does not affect the risk for PIC in patients with acute cholecystitis. The major risk factors determining PIC in these patients need defining, in particular, the impact of bacteriobilia.

Trial registration
The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02619149) December 2, 2015.
Genetic diversity of phytoplasma strains infecting chrysanthemum varieties in India and their possible natural reservoirs
Authors: Taloh Aido , Raju D. V. S. , Banyal Namita , Kumar Gunjeet , Panda Priyam , Manimekalai R. , Marcone Carmine , Rao G. P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSymptoms typical of phytoplasma infection such as phyllody, virescence, witches’ broom and yellowing were observed in 12 varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium in floral nurseries and experimental fields at New Delhi, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, India, during surveys made from 2015 to 2017. Disease incidence ranged from 15 to 30%. Phytoplasma presence was confirmed in all symptomatic chrysanthemum varieties by molecular identification assays. Sequence comparison, phylogenetic and in silico RFLP analyses of 16S rDNA sequences allowed the identification of the chrysanthemum infecting phytoplasma strains into different ribosomal groups and subgroups, namely 16SrI, 16SrII-D, 16SrVI-D and 16SrXIV. Detection of phytoplasma strains of 16SrII-D subgroup were also confirmed in symptomatic Chenopodium album and Parthenium hysterophorus plants grown in and around the surveyed chrysanthemum fields at New Delhi, whereas 16SrVI-D phytoplasma strains were detected in symptomatic Cannabis sativa weed and leafhopper Hishimonus phycitis individuals collected from the symptomatic chrysanthemum fields at New Delhi. This is the first report on the presence of 16SrVI and 16SrXIV groups of phytoplasmas in chrysanthemum plants. Studies on genetic diversity of phytoplasmas infecting the major chrysanthemum varieties in India and their epidemiological aspects had previously not been reported. The detection and identification of phytoplasmas in different chrysanthemum varieties could contribute to increase the awareness among farmers in the management of these diseases.
Athens and Delphi in the Classical Period: Exploring a Religious Relationship
Authors: Bowden Hugh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, I present an interpretation in religious terms of what Athenians were doing when they went to Delphi as representatives of their city. I begin by briefly outlining the key moments of Athenian involvement with Delphi in the classical period, which is roughly from 479 to 338 BCE, and the general relationship between city and sanctuary. I then look at the activities of the Athenian delegates to the Delphic Amphiktyony, whose responsibilities included representing the city of Athens at the festival of thePylaiaat Anthela and offering sacrifice at Delphi. I then turn to sacred ambassadors coming to consult the oracle, and show that occasions of consultation were festival occasions and that the experience of thetheōroiwas profoundly religious. I demonstrate that more than any immediate political concerns, maintaining a good relationship with Apollo was central to these activities. Evidence will be drawn largely from inscriptions from Delphi and literary sources from Athens, dating to the period under investigation.
Contractibility of a persistence map preimage
Authors: Cyranka Jacek , Mischaikow Konstantin , Weibel Charles 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work is motivated by the following question in data-driven study of dynamical systems: given a dynamical system that is observed via time series of persistence diagrams that encode topological features of snapshots of solutions, what conclusions can be drawn about solutions of the original dynamical system? We address this challenge in the context of an N dimensional system of ordinary differential equation defined in $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$

R

N

. To each point in $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$

R

N

(e.g. an initial condition) we associate a persistence diagram. The main result of this paper is that under this association the preimage of every persistence diagram is contractible. As an application we provide conditions under which multiple time series of persistence diagrams can be used to conclude the existence of a fixed point of the differential equation that generates the time series.
A Techno-Functional Interpretation of the Lithic Assemblage from Fontana Ranuccio (Anagni, Central Italy): an Insight into a MIS 11 Human Behaviour
Authors: Grimaldi Stefano , Santaniello Fabio , Angelucci Diego E. , Bruni Luciano , Parenti Fabio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe techno-functional approach has been employed to better understand one of the more relevant artifact types generally found in Lower Palaeolithic sites: so-called small tools. Particularly, some Italian sites, such as Ficoncella, Isernia and others, have been the subject of specialized studies which provide evidence of an unexpected complexity of technical behaviours mainly related to highly specialized functional properties of the small tools. In this paper, we aim to enhance the debate on the topic by presenting a techno-functional study of the entire lithic assemblage coming from one of the most renown Middle Pleistocene sites in southern Europe, the open-air site of Fontana Ranuccio (Central Italy). Five groups of retouched tools have been identified: cutting tools, where retouch is usually applied to isolate a cutting edge on the blank; pointed tools, where retouch isolates a pointed edge; scrapers; and few other types of retouched tools such as notches and denticulates. We discuss a reconstruction of the reduction sequence in association with the functional features of the produced stone tools in order to better understand these Middle Pleistocene hominin behaviours. Broadly speaking, retouch seems to be used as a real technical process, not distinguishable from the reduction sequence. What seems relevant here is the need to modify the original morphology of flakes and cores in order to shape them into the final objectives of the production. In this perspective, blank production (débitage) and tool shaping (façonnage) are tightly interconnected one on the other.
Cervicothoracic Mechanical Impairment as Part of Complete Neurological Fall Risk Appraisal
Authors: Johnston Janine L. , Featherstone Graham , Harms Shane L. , Thomson Glen T. D. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Assessment of individuals at risk for falling entails comprehensive neurological and vestibular examinations. Chronic limitation in cervical mobility reduces gaze accuracy, potentially impairing navigation through complex visual environments. Additionally, humans with scoliosis have altered otolithic vestibular responses, causing imbalance. We sought to determine whether dynamic cervical mobility restrictions or static cervicothoracic impairments are also fall risk factors.Methods:We examined 435 patients referred for soft-tissue musculoskeletal complaints; 376 met criteria for inclusion (mean age 52; 266 women). Patients were divided into nonfallers, single fallers, and multiple fallers, less or greater than 65 years old. Subject characteristics, dynamic cervical rotations, and static cervicothoracic axial measurements were compared between groups. Fear of falling was evaluated using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International questionnaire.Results:Long-standing cervicothoracic pain and stiffness conferred increased risk of falling. Neck rotation amplitudes decreased with longer duration musculoskeletal symptoms and were significantly more restricted in fallers, doubling the risk of falling and contributing to increased fear of falling. Mid-thoracic scoliosis amplitudes increased over time, but static axial abnormalities were not greater among fallers, although thoracic kyphoscoliosis heightened fear of falling.Conclusion:In patients at fall risk, thoracic kyphoscoliosis and dynamic neck movements should be assessed, in addition to standard vestibular and neurological evaluations. Additionally, patients with soft tissue cervicothoracic pain and restricted mobility have increased fall frequency and fear of falling, independent of other fall risk factors and should undergo complete fall risk appraisal.
Effectiveness of a peer-led adolescent mental health intervention on HIV virological suppression and mental health in Zimbabwe: protocol of a cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Chinoda Silindweyinkosi , Mutsinze Abigail , Simms Victoria , Beji-Chauke Rhulani , Verhey Ruth , Robinson Joanna , Barker Taryn , Mugurungi Owen , Apollo Tsitsi , Munetsi Epiphany , Sithole Dorcas , Weiss Helen A. , Chibanda Dixon , Willis Nicola 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) experience a high burden of mental health disorder which is a barrier to antiretroviral therapy adherence. In Zimbabwe, trained, mentored peer supporters living with HIV (Community Adolescent Treatment Supporters – CATS) have been found to improve adherence, viral suppression and psychosocial well-being among ALHIV. The Friendship Bench is the largest integrated mental health programme in Africa. We hypothesise that combining the CATS programme and Friendship Bench will improve mental health and virological suppression among ALHIV compared with the CATS programme alone.

Methods
We will conduct a cluster-randomised controlled trial in 60 clinics randomised 1:1 in five provinces. ALHIV attending the control arm clinics will receive standard CATS support and clinic support following the Ministry of Health guidelines. Those attending the intervention arm clinics will receive Friendship Bench problem-solving therapy, delivered by trained CATS. Participants with the signs of psychological distress will be referred to the clinic for further assessment and management. The primary outcome is HIV virological failure (≥1000 copies/ml) or death at 48 weeks. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of adolescents with common mental disorder symptoms (defined as Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ-14) score ≥8), proportion with depression symptoms (defined as Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score ≥11), symptom severity (mean SSQ-14 and PHQ-9 scores) and EQ-5D score for health-related quality of life.

Conclusions
This trial evaluates the effectiveness of peer-delivery of mental health care on mental health and HIV viral load among ALHIV. If effective this intervention has the potential to be scaled-up to improve these outcomes.
Trial registration: PACTR201810756862405. 08 October 2018.
Triangulating on Thought and Norms
Authors: LUDWIG KIRK 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThis article raises two questions about Robert Myers and Claudine Verheggen's terrific book,Donald Davidson's Triangulation Argument: A Philosophical Inquiry. The first question, concerning the first part of the book, is whether, starting from the assumption that a solitary individual cannot have thought contents, we can show that adding another individual to the picture cannot resolve the problem. The second question, concerning the second part, is whether a more sophisticated, decision-theoretic, Humean about the pro-attitudes can respond to the objections to the simple Humean view, and whether Davidson was not in fact just such a sophisticated decision-theoretic Humean.
Jeux dialogiques et processus discursif. Conséquences du débat entre Habermas et Brandom
Authors: SEBBAN YAËL 
Published: August 2020

RÉSUMÉDans cet article, nous soutenons que Habermas réduit, dans l'essai critique sur Brandom inclus dansVérité et justification(2001), la communication à sa forme étroitement dialogique et, ce faisant, tend à ignorer que le processus discursif est avant tout, pour Brandom, le produit d'une coordination partagée de différentes perspectives individuelles contribuant à faire avancer ce jeu de production et de demande de raisons. Nous proposons, d'une part, de procéder à une analyse critique de la position de Habermas, et d'autre part, de rendre justice à Brandom en soulignant la spécificité du processus communicatif discursif.
A breed apart and a breed below: creative music performance and the expert drummer
Authors: Bruford Bill 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article argues that contemporary systems theory explanations are insufficient when accounting for ‘in the moment’ creative musical performance. The system model's focus on a domain-changing contribution from an individual fails to offer a satisfactory account of the construction and assessment of the more everyday distributed and collaborative creativity undertaken by many popular music instrumentalists. A cultural psychology perspective, in contrast, situates distributed creativity inbetween people and objects rather than within them. Glăveanu's ‘Five As framework’ has particular utility in capturing the ordinary creativity that does not seek to change the domain but nevertheless contributes to it. The model is applied here to four case studies of expert instrumentalists that draw upon a combination of primary evidence, lived experience and original research.
‘Every time I dress myself, it go motherfuckin’ viral’: Post-verbal flows and memetic hype in Young Thug's mumble rap
Authors: Waugh Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHip-hop studies have historically centred on issues of the ‘street’ or virtuosic lyricism and flow, foregrounded as evidence of the ‘seriousness’ of the genre. While these have undoubtedly been valuable theoretical approaches, the prominence of social networking in the 2010s (with its vast implications for communication and identity politics) has sculpted a generation of rappers whose vocal style and self-representation disintegrate prior assumptions about hip-hop identity. These artists, who have flourished in tandem with the rise of streaming services, have been disparagingly dubbed ‘mumble rap’ by traditionalists owing to the apparent indecipherability of their vocals and a lack of emphasis on observational or poetic lyricism. In this article I argue that this myopic label undervalues the groundbreakingly post-verbal nature of the music being created by these rappers, and highlights the innovations of mumble rap, exploring the centrality of social media, memes and streaming to its existence while critically examining its protagonists’ unconventionally stylised vocals. After analysing the impact of streaming, information overload and audience participation (through social media hype and memes) on contemporary hip-hop, I survey the growth of melodic Auto-Tuned vocals and repetitive lyricism in the work of pioneering mumble rappers such as Future, before turning to an extended examination of Atlanta's Young Thug, whose controversially malleable vocal style, which prioritises experimentation with vocal textures while confounding the rules of hip-hop flow, is mirrored by his impulsive exploitation of social media and androgynous fashion sense, establishing him as the most revolutionary archetype of so-called mumble rap.
State-led Financialization in China: The Case of the Government-guided Investment Fund
Authors: Pan Fenghua , Zhang Fangzhu , Wu Fulong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChina is witnessing a growing trend towards financialization by the state. Drawing on the concept of state-led financialization, this study is the first to explore how the government-guided investment fund (GGIF) has evolved and spread throughout the country. The promotion policies and practices of the central government have laid the key foundation for the development of GGIFs, while local governments have quickly adopted this new financial tool, resulting in its widespread take up. State-owned enterprises are heavily involved in the operation of GGIFs, indicating that this market-oriented tool has largely failed to attract capital from the private sector. This study shows that state-led financialization in China has strengthened rather than weakened the influence of the state in the economy, which is not the case in most Western economies. However, the limitations and risks of the GGIF are also related to the dominant role of the state in GGIF operations.