bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance to data loss from the Freestyle Libre: impact on glucose variability indices and recommendations for data analysis
Authors: Kingsnorth Andrew P. , Whelan Maxine E. , Orme Mark W. , Routen Ash C. , Sherar Lauren B. , Esliger Dale W. 
Published: August 2020

Like many wearables, flash glucose monitoring relies on user compliance and is subject to missing data. As recent research is beginning to utilise glucose technologies as behaviour change tools, it is important to understand whether missing data are tolerable. Complete Freestyle Libre data files were amputed to remove 1–6 h of data both at random and over mealtimes (breakfast, lunch, and dinner). Absolute percent errors (MAPE) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to evaluate agreement and reliability. Thirty-two (91%) participants provided at least 1 complete day (24 h) of data (age: 44.8 ± 8.6 years, female: 18 (56%); mean fasting glucose: 5.0 ± 0.6 mmol/L). Mean and continuous overall net glycaemic action (CONGA) (60 min) were robust to data loss (MAPE ≤3%). Larger errors were calculated for standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV) and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE) at increasing missingness (MAPE: 2%–10%, 2%–9%, and 4%–18%, respectively). ICC decreased as missing data increased, with most indicating excellent reliability (>0.9) apart from certain MAGE ICCs, which indicated good reliability (0.84–0.9). Researchers and clinicians should be aware of the potential for larger errors when reporting standard deviation, CV, and MAGE at higher rates of data loss in nondiabetic populations. But where mean and CONGA are of interest, data loss is less of a concern. Novelty: As research now utilises flash glucose monitoring as behavioural change tools in nondiabetic populations, it is important to consider the influence of missing data. Glycaemic variability indices of mean and CONGA are robust to data loss, but standard deviation, CV, and MAGE are influenced at higher rates of missingness.
In vitro ruminal fermentation and methane inhibitory effect of three species of microalgae
Authors: Kiani Ali , Wolf Christina , Giller Katrin , Eggerschwiler Lukas , Kreuzer Michael , Schwarm Angela 
Published: August 2020

In this study, in vitro ruminal fermentation, anti-methanogenesis, and ammonia formation of two autotrophic algae [Nannochloropsis gaditana (NG), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT)], and one heterotrophic alga [Schizochytrium sp. (SS)] were investigated. The experimental diets consisted of a hay-concentrate basal diet (BD; 200 mg dry matter) supplemented with (1) no algae (just BD), (2) 40 mg of dried NG (BD + NG), (3) 40 mg of dried PT (BD + PT), and (4) 14 mg of dried SS. In total, 48 samples (four algal treatments × two replicates × three runs × two cows) were incubated for 24 h using the Hohenheim gas test method. All three algae decreased (P < 0.05) the production of short-chain fatty acids and protozoal abundance (both adjusted in amount to BD) as compared with BD. Ammonia formation of BD + NG and BD + PT was 1.2- and 1.1-fold of values in BD, respectively. The BD + NG diet enhanced the proportions of isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate at cost of acetate proportion of total short-chain fatty acids, whereas the BD + PT diet promoted the proportions of propionate and valerate at cost of acetate. None of the microalgae affected in vitro methane formation. In conclusion, these algae showed a very poor fermentability and no anti-methanogenic effect in vitro.
Effect of gap size on composition and structure of regeneration 19 years after harvest in a southeastern bottomland forest, USA
Authors: McNab W. Henry , Kilgo John C. , Blake John I. , Zarnoch Stanley J. 
Published: August 2020

Following timber harvests in bottomland mixed-oak (Quercus L.) stands, desirable oak advance regeneration can be overgrown by shade-intolerant pioneer species. We investigated the effects of group selection opening size on composition of tree regeneration 19 years postharvest in an oak-dominated bottomland forest and compared results with earlier findings to evaluate development trends. In response to six opening sizes (7–40 m radii), we evaluated regeneration density and dominance of four tree species groups: conifers, hard mast, shade-intolerant hardwoods, and shade-tolerant hardwoods. Our objectives were to determine the optimum gap size for regenerating oaks and test the delayed oak dominance hypothesis, in which oaks slowly gain dominance as pioneer species undergo self-thinning. Opening size influenced conifer regeneration but minimally affected hardwoods. Hard mast species density was less than that of either intolerant or tolerant species regardless of opening size. Future stem density trends suggest increasing intolerant species and constant mast and tolerant species. Modeled future height trends suggest increasing mast species dominance over intolerant pioneers after 30 years. Our results suggest that gap-based silviculture can be used to regenerate bottomland hardwood stands with desirable species including oaks; larger gaps favor conifers but there was no optimum size to enhance oak regeneration.
Relativistic approach to the kinematics of large-scale peculiar motions
Authors: Tsaprazi Eleni , Tsagas Christos G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider the linear kinematics of large-scale peculiar motions in a perturbed Friedmann universe. In so doing, we take the viewpoint of the “real” observers that move along with the peculiar flow, relative to the smooth Hubble expansion. Using relativistic cosmological perturbation theory, we study the linear evolution of the peculiar velocity field, as well as the expansion/contraction, the shear and the rotation of the bulk motion. Our solutions show growth rates considerably stronger than those of the earlier treatments, which were mostly Newtonian. On scales near and beyond the Hubble radius, namely at the long-wavelength limit, peculiar velocities are found to grow as $$a^2$$a2, in terms of the scale factor, instead of the Newtonian $$a^{1/2}$$a1/2-law. We attribute this to the fact that, in general relativity, the energy flux, triggered here by the peculiar motion of the matter, also contributes to the local gravitational field. In a sense, the bulk flow gravitates, an effect that has been bypassed in related relativistic studies. These stronger growth-rates imply faster peculiar velocities at horizon crossing and higher residual values for the peculiar-velocity field. Alternatively, one could say that our study favours bulk peculiar flows larger and faster than anticipated.
OIL PRICE FLUCTUATIONS AND ENERGY COMMODITY PRICES: AN ANALYSIS OF ASYMMETRIC EFFECTS
Authors: LE THAI-HA , CHANG YOUNGHO , PARK DONGHYUN 
Published: August 2020

Previous studies mostly ignore possible nonlinear behaviors that may be caused by asymmetry, persistence, or structural breaks. This study aims to fill this gap by applying the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag technique of Shin et al. [( 2014 ). Modelling asymmetric cointegration and dynamic multipliers in a nonlinear ARDL framework. In Festschrift in Honor of Peter Schmidt: Econometric Methods and Applications, pp. 281–314. New York: Springer] to examine the dynamic effect of oil prices on other energy prices based on nonlinear empirical frameworks. We identify how oil prices and four other energy commodity prices behave using daily data from January 07, 1991 to February 25, 2020. The long-run relationships suggest both oil price increases and decreases are significantly and positively related to the prices of all other energy commodities. There seems to be asymmetry in the linkages between oil prices and all the prices of diesel fuel, gasoline, heating oil and natural gas in the long run. Except for natural gas, the effects of oil price increases are significantly larger than those of oil price decreases. However, in the short run, the results are somewhat different. An asymmetric impact of oil price changes is found for gasoline and the effects of oil price decreases are larger than those of oil price increases. In our model, the real effective exchange rate of the US dollar is explicitly incorporated to capture the linkages between US dollar fluctuations and energy price movements. We find that the relative weakness of the US dollar strengthens the prices of energy commodities in the global market.
KRAS Controls Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lipid Metabolism and Invasive Potential through the Lipase HSL
Authors: Rozeveld Cody N. , Johnson Katherine M. , Zhang Lizhi , Razidlo Gina L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Oncogene-induced metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of pancreatic cancer (PDAC), yet the metabolic drivers of metastasis are unclear. In PDAC, obesity and excess fatty acids accelerate tumor growth and increase metastasis. Here, we report that excess lipids, stored in organelles called lipid droplets (LD), are a key resource to fuel the energy-intensive process of metastasis. The oncogene KRAS controlled the storage and utilization of LD through regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), which was downregulated in human PDAC. Disruption of the KRAS–HSL axis reduced lipid storage, reprogrammed tumor cell metabolism, and inhibited invasive migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Finally, microscopy-based metabolic analysis revealed that migratory cells selectively utilize oxidative metabolism during the process of migration to metabolize stored lipids and fuel invasive migration. Taken together, these results reveal a mechanism that can be targeted to attenuate PDAC metastasis.

Significance:
KRAS-dependent regulation of HSL biases cells towards lipid storage for subsequent utilization during invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, representing a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
See related commentary by Man et al., p. 4886
U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Initial Experience with the Real-Time Oncology Review Program
Authors: de Claro R. Angelo , Gao Jennifer J. , Kim Tamy , Kluetz Paul G. , Theoret Marc R. , Beaver Julia A. , Pazdur Richard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The FDA Oncology Center of Excellence commenced the Real-Time Oncology Review (RTOR) pilot project in February 2018 to facilitate earlier submission of topline results and datasets to support an earlier start to the FDA application review. RTOR was initially begun to support supplemental drug applications to add new indications, dosing regimens, or other clinical information to the prescribing information, but was later expanded to include original new drug applications and biological license applications for new molecular entities (NME). From February 2018 to April 2020, RTOR was used to support the submission and review of drug approvals for 20 oncology applications (11 for solid tumor and nine for hematologic malignancy indications). Two were NME drug approvals and 18 were supplemental approvals. All of the applications received priority review and nine (45%) applications had received breakthrough therapy designation status. FDA received the RTOR submissions a median of 5.7 weeks (range 1.7–16.2 weeks) prior to the full application submission. The median time from application submission to FDA approval was 3.3 months (range 0.4–5.9 months). RTOR was also integrated with other review programs including the Assessment Aid and Project Orbis programs. Innovative regulatory processes are critical to expedite the rigorous review of impactful products across the FDA.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Population Density Areas
Authors: Damluji Abdulla A. , Fabbro Michael , Epstein Richard H. , Rayer Stefan , Wang Ying , Moscucci Mauro , Cohen Mauricio G. , Carroll John D. , Messenger John C. , Resar Jon R. , Cohen David J. , Sherwood Matthew W. , O’Connor Christopher M. , Batchelor Wayne 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Restricting transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to centers based on volume thresholds alone can potentially create unintended disparities in healthcare access. We aimed to compare the influence of population density in state of Florida in regard to access to TAVR, TAVR utilization rates, and in-hospital mortality.

Methods and Results:

From 2011 to 2016, we used data from the Agency for Health Care Administration to calculate travel time and distance for each TAVR patient by comparing their home address to their TAVR facility ZIP code. Travel time and distance, TAVR rates, and mortality were compared across categories of low to high population density (population per square miles of land). Of the 6531 patients included, the mean (SD) age was 82 (9) years, 43% were female and 91% were White. Patients residing in the lowest category (<50/square miles) were younger, more likely to be men, and less likely to be a racial minority. Those residing in the lowest category density faced a longer unadjusted driving distances and times to their TAVR center (mean extra distance [miles]=43.5 [95% CI, 35.6–51.4];
P
<0.001; mean extra time (minutes)=45.6 [95% CI, 38.3–52.9],
P
<0.001). This association persisted regardless of the methods used to determine population density. Excluding uninhabitable land, there was a 7-fold difference in TAVR utilization rates in the lowest versus highest population density regions (7 versus 45 per 100 000,
P
-for-pairwise-comparisons <0.001) and increase in TAVR in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR, 6.13 [95% CI, 1.97–19.1];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
Older patients living in rural counties in Florida face (1) significantly longer travel distances and times for TAVR, (2) lower TAVR utilization rates, and (3) higher adjusted TAVR mortality. These findings suggest that there are trade-offs between access to TAVR, its rate of utilization, and procedural mortality, all of which are important considerations when defining institutional and operator requirements for TAVR across the country.
Corticosteroids Added to Initial Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment for the Prevention of Coronary Artery Abnormalities in High‐Risk Patients With Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Ae Ryusuke , Abrams Joseph Y. , Maddox Ryan A. , Schonberger Lawrence B. , Nakamura Yosikazu , Kuwabara Masanari , Makino Nobuko , Matsubara Yuri , Kosami Koki , Sasahara Teppei , Belay Ermias D. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND
Randomized controlled trials previously provided different conclusions about the superiority of adding corticosteroids to initial intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for the prevention of coronary artery abnormalities in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). To further assess this issue, we analyzed large‐scale data from nationwide KD surveys in Japan, where combination treatment (corticosteroids added to initial standard intravenous immunoglobulin treatment) has become commonly used for patients at high risk for KD.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Standard intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and combination treatment were compared using data from time periods with and without combination treatment. Outcome measures were coronary artery abnormalities and initial intravenous immunoglobulin treatment failure. Hospitals where ≥20% of patients received combination treatment were identified, and treatment and control groups were selected via matching by age, sex, illness day at initial treatment, and KD recurrence. Matched group selection and subsequent analyses were conducted 1000 times to minimize sampling bias and potential confounders (bootstrapping). From 115 hospitals, 1593 patients with KD in the treatment group and 1593 controls were selected for each of the 1000 sample iterations. The median proportion of patients who developed coronary artery abnormalities among the treatment group and controls were 4.6% (95% CI, 3.8%–5.8%) and 8.8% (95% CI, 7.5%–10.0%), respectively: an estimated risk ratio of 0.53 (0.41–0.67). A median of 14.1% (95% CI, 12.4%–15.9%) of the patients in the treatment group and 21.7% (95% CI, 19.8%–23.4%) in the controls had treatment failure: an estimated risk ratio of 0.65 (0.56―0.75).

CONCLUSIONS
Combination treatment reduced coronary artery abnormality risk by an estimated 47% and treatment failure by 35%. Multiple‐dose corticosteroids may provide benefit in selected patients at high risk for KD.
Observational Evidence that Radiative Heating Modifies the Life Cycle of Tropical Anvil Clouds
Authors: Wall Casey J. , Norris Joel R. , Gasparini Blaž , Smith William L. , Thieman Mandana M. , Sourdeval Odran 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA variety of satellite and ground-based observations are used to study how diurnal variations of cloud radiative heating affect the life cycle of anvil clouds over the tropical western Pacific Ocean. High clouds thicker than 2 km experience longwave heating at cloud base, longwave cooling at cloud top, and shortwave heating at cloud top. The shortwave and longwave effects have similar magnitudes during midday, but only the longwave effect is present at night, so high clouds experience a substantial diurnal cycle of radiative heating. Furthermore, anvil clouds are more persistent or laterally expansive during daytime. This cannot be explained by variations of convective intensity or geographic patterns of convection, suggesting that shortwave heating causes anvil clouds to persist longer or spread over a larger area. It is then investigated if shortwave heating modifies anvil development by altering turbulence in the cloud. According to one theory, radiative heating drives turbulent overturning within anvil clouds that can be sufficiently vigorous to cause ice nucleation in the updrafts, thereby extending the cloud lifetime. High-frequency air motion and ice-crystal number concentration are shown to be inversely related near cloud top, however. This suggests that turbulence depletes or disperses ice crystals at a faster rate than it nucleates them, so another mechanism must cause the diurnal variation of anvil clouds. It is hypothesized that radiative heating affects anvil development primarily by inducing a mesoscale circulation that offsets gravitational settling of cloud particles.
24 Hours or Less Stay After Laparoscopic Minor Hepatectomy
Authors: Philip Justus , Miller Nic , Cocieru Andrei 
Published: August 2020

Background Laparoscopic liver resections can result in decreased length of stay. We looked at our hospital experience with 24 hours or less stay after minor laparoscopic liver resections. Methods Patients who underwent laparoscopic minor hepatectomy (less than 3 hepatic segments resection) and stayed 24 hours or less in the hospital were selected from prospectively kept hepatobiliary surgery database. All were managed according to the established enhanced recovery after surgery protocol. Results 14 cases were identified and included 3 bisegmentectomies and 11 segmental resections. Length of surgery was between 29 and 210 minutes (median 80.5 minutes), and median blood loss was 50 cc (range 20-400 cc). 4 patients were discharged home the same day with 10 staying overnight. Conclusions Selected group of patients undergoing minor laparoscopic hepatectomy can be discharged home the same day or less than 24 hours after surgery.
Drug education best practice for health, community and youth workers: A practical and accessible tool-kit
Authors: Darcy Clay 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Drug education is delivered by a broad spectrum of multi-disciplinary practitioners within the fields of health promotion, drug prevention and treatment, social care, and community and youth work. However, drug education is often misunderstood or conflated with drug information and/or drug prevention. This ambiguity of understanding is problematic and, when coupled with drug education being delivered by practitioners who may not have formal training in drug education, can result in poor delivery, poor participant engagement and poor outcomes. This paper provides conceptual clarity for practitioners on drug education, differentiating it from other approaches to drug issues. Methods: The paper draws from a selection of international literature on drug education best practice to simplify and make this information available for the use by practitioners. Results: International best practice quality standards on drug education, suitable for use in community and youth settings are identified. Conclusion: The paper offers support to health, community and youth workers by providing best practice guidance on drug education with children, young people and adults.
Dynamics of Autonomous Action in Social Movements: From Rejection to Construction
Authors: Moura de Oliveira Gustavo , Dowbor Monika Weronika 
Published: August 2020

A review of the recent literature on social movements identifies three types of autonomous action of movements in relation to the state: (1) rejection of the state and the construction of ways of life on its margins; (2) rejection of the state’s ways of functioning and the construction of alternative modes of organization and action; and (3) rejection of historical inequality in state decisions on public policy and the proposal of alternatives to that policy. From a theoretical point of view, it shows that autonomy as action may coexist with the institutionalization of demands, projects, and movement organization. A sistematização da produção bibliográfica sobre a autonomia de movimentos sociais dos últimos dez anos chegou a três tipos analíticos de ação autônoma de movimentos em relação ao Estado: (1) negação do Estado e construção de modos de vida à sua margem; (2) negação das formas de funcionamento do Estado e construção alternativa de organização e ação; (3) negação da desigualdade histórica nas decisões do Estado para produção de políticas públicas e construção de propostas alternativas para aquelas políticas. Do ponto de vista teórico, mostrou-se que a autonomia como ação pode coexistir com os processos de institucionalização de demandas, projetos e organizações de movimentos.
Routines of Interaction between Latin American Feminists and the State
Authors: da Silva Eduardo Moreira , Paradis Clarisse Goulart 
Published: August 2020

Comparison of feminists’repertoires of interaction in four Latin American countries—Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Chile—reinforces the idea that these interactions may be contentious, collaborative, or even both. The proportions of each kind of interaction are influenced by the dominant political project of the state, the profile of the institutional mechanisms for the advancement of women, the formal channels for participation, support for the feminist and gender agenda by presidents, and female presence in the legislature. A comparação de repertórios feministas de interação em quatro países da América Latina— Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil e Chile—reforça a ideia de que essas interações podem ser contenciosas, colaborativas ou até ambas. As proporções de cada tipo de interação são influenciadas pelo projeto político dominante do estado, o perfil dos mecanismos institucionais para o avanço da mulher, os canais formais de participação, o apoio à agenda feminista e de gênero pelas presidentes e a presença feminina na legislatura.