bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral shear strength of rectangular RC columns subjected to combined P-V-M monotonic loading
Authors: Zaneeb Aysha M , Goswami Rupen , Murty C V R 
Published: November 2020

An analytical method is presented to estimate lateral shear strength (and identify likely mode and location of failure) in reinforced concrete (RC) cantilever columns of rectangular cross-section under combined axial force, shear force and bending moment. Change in shear capacity of concrete with flexural demand at a section is captured explicitly and the shear resistance offered by concrete estimated; this is combined with shear resistance offered by transverse and longitudinal reinforcement bars to estimate the overall shear capacity of RC columns. Shear–moment (V-M) interaction capacity diagram of an RC column, viewed alongside the demand diagram, identifies the lateral shear strength and failure mode. These analytical estimates compare well with test data of 107 RC columns published in literature; the test data corresponds to different axial loads, transverse reinforcement ratios, longitudinal reinforcement ratios, shear span to depth ratios, and loading conditions. Also, the analytical estimates are compared with those obtained using other analytical methods reported in literature; in all cases, the proposed method gives reasonable accuracy when estimating shear capacity of RC columns. In addition, the method provides insights into the shear resistance mechanism in RC columns under the combined action of P-V-M, and it is simple to use.
Total Antioxidant from Herbal Medicine as a Possible Tool for the Multifunctional Prevention of Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Anggi Viani 
Published: November 2020

Muscular atrophy is one of disease by the loss of skeletal muscle mass. So, by the loss in muscle often causes rapid muscle atrophy and the occurs during injury and illness its causes immobilization in spinal muscle mass. Usually, the impact factor of the nervous system in musculoskeletal is caused by aging, immobility, malnutrition, medication and even the range of injuries disease impact by the nervous system. To meet the needs needed by the loss of skeletal, we need high total antioxidant from herbal medicine as multifunctional potentially prevention of muscular atrophy condition. Antioxidants are agents that can slow down or prevent oxidation process and protect cells system from the damage of cell by the loss skeletal in muscle mass. One of herbal medicine is Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik From Palu of central Sulawesi as a possible multifunctional prevention of Muscular Atrophy, where the total antioxidant value is 3,45 mg/mL.
Retired but Not Tired: Entrepreneurial Motives and Performance among Retired Public Servants in Tanzania
Authors: Namala Anselm , A. Milanzi Mursali 
Published: November 2020

Venturing into a business venture at an old age is an interesting phenomenon. Retirees seem to consider this decision as imperative as it provides them with a source of earning and keeps them active post-retirement. Despite a plethora of research on entrepreneurship, there is a paucity of research on entrepreneurial behavior and performance retired public servants. The current study examines the motive and performance of businesses owned by retired public servants in Tanzania, one of the developing economies. The study used a survey of 90 randomly selected public servants who retired between 2012 and 2016. The descriptive and probit regression analyses were used to examine the entrepreneurial performance and factors associated with it. The results of the analysis suggest that the performance of the businesses is generally not good, as the majority made losses for the past 3 years consecutively. As for the determinants of performance, the study observed that age and source of capital negatively affect performance, whereas education and planning/preparations for business establishment positively influenced entrepreneurial performance. The findings imply that employees, employers and social security industry have a role to play in creating awareness and preparing public service employees for life after retirement especially in sustaining post-retirement income. Lumpsum pension and monthly allowance may be necessary, but the knowledge to manage them through profitable business ventures my be sufficient for a better post-retirement life.
Pathology of Intestinal Transplantation: Rejection and a Case of Tolerance
Authors: Tsuruyama Tatsuaki 
Published: November 2020

Small bowel transplants are less common than other organ transplants. Histological criteria for rejection of the transplanted small intestine were proposed at the 8th International Symposium on Small Intestinal Transplantation 2003-2004. The Banff Conference on Transplant Disease Pathology, an international conference on the rejection of small bowel transplants, was held in 2019, and unifying diagnostic criteria were discussed (https://banfffoundation.org/pittsburgh-2019/). These histological criteria are expected to be standardized in the near future. This review outlines new findings such as apoptosis and apoptotic-body phagocytic findings in the lamina propria and behavior of natural killer T (NKT) cells, in addition to previously known crypt Fas-related apoptosis in acute cellular rejection. Furthermore, we review the case of a recipient who has shown no rejection for 5 years after transplantation. In the transplanted small intestine of this patient, the lymphocytes were replaced by those of another male patient.
Direct C−H Arylation of Indole‐3‐Acetic Acid Derivatives Enabled by an Autonomous Self‐Optimizing Flow Reactor
Authors: Vasudevan N. , Wimmer Eric , Barré Elvina , Cortés‐Borda Daniel , Rodriguez‐Zubiri Mireia , Felpin François‐Xavier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDescribed herein is a continuous‐flow strategy for the palladium‐catalyzed direct C−H arylation of indole‐3‐acetic acid derivatives with arenediazonium salts. A fully autonomous self‐optimizing flow platform was used to efficiently optimize the coupling reaction in a three‐dimensional space. The flow methodology developed is experimentally simple, mild, broad in scope, and safer than traditional batch approaches. Our continuous‐flow approach is particularly convenient to prepare precursors of pharmaceutically relevant compounds.magnified image
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Sulfoxonium Ylides with Quinoline‐8‐carboxaldehydes for Synthesis of Quinoline‐1,3‐diketones
Authors: Lyu Xue‐Li , Huang Shi‐Sheng , Huang Yuan‐Qiong , Song Hong‐Jian , Liu Yu‐Xiu , Li Yong‐Qiang , Yang Shao‐Xiang , Wang Qing‐Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerein, we report a protocol for rhodium(III)‐catalyzed aldehydic C(sp2)−H acylmethylation reactions of quinoline‐8‐carboxaldehydes using sulfoxonium ylides as carbene precursors to afford 1,3‐diketones, which readily tautomerized to their enol forms. We determined the reaction mechanism by synthesizing the key intermediate, a five‐membered‐ring acylrhodium species.
Phenotypic Discovery of Neuroprotective Agents by Regulation of Tau Proteostasis via Stress‐Responsive Activation of PERK Signaling
Authors: Shin Young‐Hee , Cho Hana , Choi Bo Young , Kim Jonghoon , Ha Jaeyoung , Suh Sang Won , Park Seung Bum 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTau protein aggregates are a recognized neuropathological feature in Alzheimer's disease as well as many other neurodegenerative disorders, known as tauopathies. The development of tau‐targeting therapies is therefore extremely important but efficient strategies or protein targets are still unclear. Here, we performed a cell‐based phenotypic screening under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions and identified a small molecule, SB1617, capable of suppressing abnormal tau protein aggregation. By applying label‐free target identification technology, we revealed that the transient enhancement of protein kinase‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling pathway through the inhibition of stress‐responsive SB1617 targets, PDIA3 and DNAJC3, is an effective strategy for regulating proteostasis in tauopathies. The molecular mechanism and the promising efficacy of SB1617 were demonstrated in neuronal cells and a mouse model with traumatic brain injury, a tauopathy known to involve ER stress.
The Trojan Horse Goes Wild: The Effect of Drug Loading on the Behavior of Nanoparticles
Authors: Stenzel Martina H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrug delivery with nanoparticles is sometimes compared to an attack with a Trojan Horse. The drugs are hidden in nanoparticles and enter the unsuspecting cells in a stealth‐like fashion. Here, I would like to share my thoughts that a comparison to the Trojan Horse does not always apply, and provide examples where an increased drug loading content was detrimental to the drug‐delivery process. The purpose is to highlight the importance of understanding the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, and the importance of having materials scientists in the line‐up of researchers working together to create successful nanomedicine.
Recent update on antibacterial and antifungal activity of quinoline scaffolds
Authors: Dorababu Atukuri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough most of the heterocycles have been reported to possess a significant pharmacological activity, only a few of them, namely quinoline derivatives, have exhibited the finest biological activities. Despite the few medicinal properties of the plain quinoline molecule, its derivatives exhibit diverse pharmacological properties such as anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal activities, and so on. The potential antimicrobial properties of the quinoline derivatives are evident from the decades of research on these derivatives. Owing to limitations like drug resistance, high cost, severe side effects, and less bioavailability of previously synthesized antimicrobial agents, these drugs have become obsolete in recent years. Hence, the design of more efficient antimicrobial drugs must be given topmost priority. A breakthrough in drug discovery is a must to prevent malevolent microbial diseases. Addressing all these issues, researchers have been continuously contributing to antimicrobial drug discovery. Herein, a short description of the pharmacology of antimicrobial agents such as antibacterials and antifungals synthesized recently is provided. The versatile derivatization of the quinoline moiety leading to significant antimicrobial potencies is discussed, considering the structure–activity relationship.
Fine‐tuning ER‐phagy by post‐translational modifications
Authors: Eldeeb Mohamed A. , Zorca Cornelia E. , Ragheb Mohamed A. , Rashidi Fatma B. , Salah El‐Din Doaa S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAutophagy functions in both selective and non‐selective ways to maintain cellular homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum autophagy (ER‐phagy) is a subclass of autophagy responsible for the degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum through selective encapsulation into autophagosomes. ER‐phagy occurs both under physiological conditions and in response to stress cues, and plays a crucial role in maintaining the homeostatic control of the organelle. Although specific receptors that target parts of the ER membrane, as well as, internal proteins for lysosomal degradation have been identified, the molecular regulation of ER‐phagy has been elusive. Recent work has uncovered novel regulators of ER‐phagy that involve post‐translational modifications of ER‐resident proteins and functional cross‐talk with other cellular processes. Herein, we discuss how morphology affects the function of the peripheral ER, and how ER‐phagy modulates the turnover of this organelle. We also address how ER‐phagy is regulated at the molecular level, considering implications relevant to human diseases.
How Does Bridging Core Modification Alter the Photovoltaic Characteristics of Triphenylamine‐Based Hole Transport Materials? Theoretical Understanding and Prediction
Authors: Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells have gained immense interest from researchers owing to their good photophysical properties, low‐cost production, and high power conversion efficiencies. Hole transport materials (HTMs) play a dominant role in enhancing the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and long diffusion length of holes and electrons in perovskite solar cells. In hole transport materials, modification of π‐linkers has proved to be an efficient approach for enhancing the overall PCE of perovskite solar cells. In this work, π‐linker modification of a recently synthesized H−Bi molecule (R) is achieved with novel π‐linkers. After structural modifications, ten novel HTMs (HB1–HB10) with a D−π−D backbone are obtained. The structure–property relationship, and optoelectronic and photovoltaic characteristics of these newly designed hole transport materials are examined comprehensively and compared with reference molecules. In addition, different geometric parameters are also examined with the assistance of density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT. All the designed molecules exhibit narrow HOMO–LUMO energy gaps (Eg=2.82–2.99 eV) compared with theRmolecule (Eg=3.05 eV). The designed molecules express redshifting in their absorption spectra with low values of excitation energy, which in return offer high power conversion efficiencies. Further, density of states and molecular electrostatic potential analysis is performed to locate the different charge sites in the molecules. The reorganizational energies of holes and electrons are found to have good values, suggesting that these novel designed molecules are efficient hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells. In addition, the low binding energy values of the designed molecules (compared withR) offer high current charge density. Finally, complex study ofHB9:PC61BMis also undertaken to understand the charge transfer between the molecules of the complex. The results of all analyses advocate that these novel designed HTMs are promising candidates for the construction of future high‐performance perovskite solar cells.
As Nice as π: Aromatic Reactions Activated by π‐Coordination to Transition Metals
Authors: Williams Luke J. , Bhonoah Yunas , Wilkinson Luke A. , Walton James W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstractπ‐Coordination of aromatic molecules to metals dramatically alters their reactivity. For example, coordinated carbons become more electrophilic and C−H bonds of coordinated rings become more acidic. For many years, this change in reactivity has been used to trigger reactions that would not take place for uncoordinated arenes, however, there has been a recent resurgence in use of this technique, in part due to the development of catalytic reactions in which π‐coordination is transient. In this Minireview, we describe the key reaction chemistry of arenes coordinated to a range of transition metals, including stereoselective reactions and industrially relevant syntheses. We also summarise outstanding examples of catalytic processes. Finally, we give perspectives on the future direction of the field, with respect to both reactions that are stoichiometric in activating metals and those employing catalytic metal.
The Altmetric era in eating disorder research: Assessing the association between Altmetric scores and citation scores for articles in the International Journal of Eating Disorders
Authors: Karimipour Nicki , Sarkisyan Ani , Smith Kathryn E. , Corona Marissa , Nagata Jason M. , Murray Stuart B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe dissemination and uptake of scientific findings is of critical importance. While broader research suggests that an article's Altmetric score may predict subsequent citation scores for scientific manuscripts, the potential relationship between online dissemination and the broader scientific uptake of findings has not been explored in eating disorder research.MethodWe identified 310 manuscripts published between 2017 and 2018 in the International Journal of Eating Disorders, and assessed (a) Altmetric scores, (b) the composition of Altmetric scores (i.e., Facebook posts, Twitter posts), and (c) overall citation scores.ResultsHigher Altmetric scores were associated with higher citation scores. Multivariate analysis of separate Altmetric components indicated a higher number of Facebook mentions was uniquely associated with higher citation scores.DiscussionAltmetric scores may offer a viable and relatively rapid metric of the likely uptake and impact of manuscripts. Ultimately, these findings represent preliminary evidence of the benefits of widespread dissemination of eating disorder research beyond traditional academic methods. Future research should focus on expanding our preliminary findings to include a larger examination of articles to show evidence for or against the relationship between higher Altmetric scores and higher citation scores.
Perspectives on facilitating dynamic ecology courses online using active learning
Authors: Gahl Megan K. , Gale Allison , Kaestner Antonia , Yoshina Anda , Paglione Erin , Bergman Gal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs education methodology has grown to incorporate online learning, disciplines with a field component, like ecology, may find themselves sidelined in this transition. In response to challenges posed by moving classes online, previous studies have assessed whether an online environment can be effective for student learning. This work has found that active learning structures, which maximize information processing and require critical thinking, best support student learning. All too commonly, online and active learning are perceived as mutually exclusive. We argue the success of online learning requires facilitating active learning in online spaces. To highlight this intersection in practice, we use a case study of an online, active, and synchronous ecology and conservation biology course from the College of Natural Sciences at Minerva Schools at KGI. We use our perspectives as curriculum designers, instructors, and students of this course to offer recommendations for creating active online ecology courses. Key components to effective course design and implementation are as follows: facilitating critical “thinking like a scientist”, integrating open‐ended assignments into class discussion, and creating active in‐class dialogues by minimizing lecturing. Based on our experience, we suggest that by employing active learning strategies, the future of ecology in higher education is not inhibited, but in fact supported, by opportunities for learning online.
Soil Biodiversity: State-of-the-Art and Possible Implementation in Chemical Risk Assessment
Authors: Gestel Cornelis AM , Mommer Liesje , Montanarella Luca , Pieper Silvia , Coulson Mike , Toschki Andreas , Rutgers Michiel , Focks Andreas , Römbke Jörg 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Protecting the structure and functioning of soil ecosystems is one of the central aims of current regulations of chemicals. This is, for instance, shown by the emphasis on the protection of key drivers and ecosystem services as proposed in the protection goal options for soil organisms by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Such targets require insight into soil biodiversity, its role in the functioning of ecosystems, and the way it responds to stress. Also required are tools and methodologies for properly assessing biodiversity. To address these issues, the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Europe 14th Special Science Symposium (SESSS14) was held 19 to 20 November 2019 in Brussels, Belgium. The central aim of the SESSS14 was to provide information on how to include soil biodiversity and soil functions as protection goal options in the risk assessment and quantification of the effects of chemicals and other stressors (including their respective regulations). This paper is based on the presentations and discussions at the SESSS14 and will give a brief update on the scientific state-of-the art on soil biodiversity, novel scientific developments, experimental and modeling approaches, as well as case studies. It will also discuss how these approaches could inform future risk assessment of chemicals and other stressors in the regulatory context of protecting soil ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:541–551. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
KEY POINTS
The SETAC Europe 14th Special Science Symposium (SESSS14) aimed at providing information on how to include soil biodiversity and soil functions (ecosystem services) as protection goal options in the risk assessment and quantification of the effects of chemicals and other stressors. Definitions and associated terminology currently used to describe soil biodiversity are given, together with a brief but comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of the current scientific knowledge on soil biodiversity and its relation to the functioning of soils. Backgrounds and current practices regarding the way protection of soil biodiversity is addressed in chemical regulations are described, including drawbacks and the possible ways forward. Novel methods for assessing biodiversity in soils are presented, as well as approaches, both experimental and modeling, for assessing effects of (chemical) stressors on soil biodiversity and the potential consequences for ecosystem services.
Review of Sustainable Grid-Independent Renewable Energy Access in Remote Communities of India
Authors: Bose Debajyoti , Saini Devender K , Yadav Monika , Shrivastava Saurabh , Parashar Nitish 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the last decade India has seen an increase in the adoption of solar energy-based technologies by consumers, which has been supported by various government efforts and policies. The rural areas and low-income households that lack a proper electricity supply have emerged as a market for solar off-grid technologies, with private developers increasing their market base slowly in this group. This has promulgated the need to restructure the decentralized energy sector. Existing literature points out the suitability of solar off-grid in such markets; the present study investigates the challenges that have hindered its growth. The study reviews the concept of poverty with respect to the energy sector and analyzes methods of determining poor energy access in the present scenario. It emphasizes the need to understand and reconceptualize policy instruments in order to make solar off-grid a powerful tool in tackling energy demand and providing adequate energy access. It further explores the causes of energy disconnects and how grid-independent solar energy is a technological solution of utmost relevance and in consonance with the idea of sustainable development. For a successful venture, both consumer behavior and marketer objectives are important determinants. The work also provides insights into various models, tools, factors, and social constructs that affect consumer perception and subsequently demand. Over the course of the study, it has been revealed how private players and entrepreneurs are tapping the wrong solar market, leading to misappropriation of solar energy technologies. The suggested improvements and recommendations of the present study from the analysis can serve as a guide for policy makers, technological innovators, and financial stakeholders. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:364–375. © 2020 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Review the concept of poverty with respect to the energy sector and analyze methods of determining poor energy access. The suggested improvements and recommendations of this work can serve as a guide for policymakers, technological innovators, and financial stakeholders to better understand off-grid renewable energy markets.