bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global review of green turtle diet: sea surface temperature as a potential driver of omnivory levels
Authors: Esteban Nicole , Mortimer Jeanne A. , Stokes Holly J. , Laloë Jacques-Olivier , Unsworth Richard K. F. , Hays Graeme C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo better understand dietary requirements, trophic shifts, and trophic interactions of the threatened green turtle (Chelonia mydas), we conducted a comprehensive global review and literature tabulation (177 studies) reporting diets of individuals > 25 cm carapace length. We analysed those studies involving natural sites and healthy animals that reported relative proportions of all diet components (67 studies, 89 datasets at 75 sites, 13 geographic sub-regions, 3 oceans). We compared diets by sub-region and foraging site relative to four diet components, i.e., seagrass, macroalgae, terrestrial plants (including mangroves) and animal matter. To assess sea surface temperature (SST) as an environmental driver, values were extracted from satellite data (single year) and site-specific observations (study durations) and examined relative to diet composition. Satellite data indicated that at warmer sites with temperatures > 25 °C (≥ 6 months annually), diet was predominantly herbivorous (mean = 92.97%; SE = 9.85; n = 69 datasets). At higher latitude sites and in cold-water currents with SST < 20 °C (≥ 6 months annually), dietary animal matter featured prominently (mean = 51.47%; SE = 4.84; n = 20 datasets). Site-specific observations indicated that SST had a small but significant effect on contributions of animal matter (r2 = 0.17, P =  < 0.001) and seagrass (r2 = 0.24, P =  < 0.001) but not macroalgae and terrestrial plants. Our study presents the first quantitative evidence at a global scale that temperature may be an important driver of omnivory, providing a new perspective on variations in green turtle diet, especially in light of global warming and climate change.
An open-label, positron emission tomography study of the striatal D2/D3 receptor occupancy and pharmacokinetics of single-dose oral brexpiprazole in healthy participants
Authors: Wong Dean F. , Raoufinia Arash , Bricmont Patricia , Brašić James R. , McQuade Robert D. , Forbes Robert A. , Kikuchi Tetsuro , Kuwabara Hiroto 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this Phase 1, open-label, positron emission tomography (PET) study was to determine the degree of striatal D2/D3 receptor occupancy induced by the serotonin–dopamine activity modulator, brexpiprazole, at different single dose levels in the range 0.25–6 mg.

Methods
Occupancy was measured at 4 and 23.5 h post-dose using the D2/D3 receptor antagonist [11C]raclopride. The pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of brexpiprazole were assessed in parallel.

Results
Fifteen healthy participants were enrolled (mean age 33.9 years; 93.3% male). Mean D2/D3 receptor occupancy in the putamen and caudate nucleus increased with brexpiprazole dose, leveled out at 77–88% with brexpiprazole 5 mg and 6 mg at 4 h post-dose, and remained at a similar level at 23.5 h post-dose (74–83%). Estimates of maximum obtainable receptor occupancy (Omax) were 89.2% for the putamen and 95.4% for the caudate nucleus; plasma concentrations predicted to provide 50% of Omax (EC50) were 8.13 ng/mL and 7.75 ng/mL, respectively. Brexpiprazole area under the concentration–time curve (AUC∞) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) increased approximately proportional to dose. No notable subjective or objective adverse effects were observed in this cohort.

Conclusion
By extrapolating the observed single-dose D2/D3 receptor occupancy data in healthy participants, multiple doses of brexpiprazole 2 mg/day and above are expected to result in an efficacious brexpiprazole concentration, consistent with clinically active doses in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00805454 December 9, 2008.
Two-dimensional laser-induced incandescence for soot volume fraction measurements: issues in quantification due to laser beam focusing
Authors: Mannazhi Manu , Bengtsson Per-Erik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional laser-induced incandescence (LII) measurements usually involve the use of a cylindrical lens to illuminate the planar region of interest. This creates a varying laser fluence and sheet width in the imaged flame region which could lead to large uncertainties in the quantification of the 2D LII signals into soot volume fraction distributions. To investigate these effects, 2D LII measurements using a wide range of laser pulse energies were performed on a premixed flat ethylene–air flame while employing a cylindrical lens to focus the laser sheet. Using shorter focal length of the focusing lens resulted in larger variation of the LII signal profiles across the flame. A heat – and – mass – transfer - based LII model was also used to simulate the measurements and good agreement was found. The ratio between focal length (FL) and image length (IL) was introduced as a useful parameter for estimating the bias in estimated soot volume fractions across the flame. The general recommendation is to maximize this FL/IL ratio in an experiment, which in practice means the use of a long focal length lens. Furthermore, the best choices of laser fluence and detection gate width are discussed based on results from these simulations.
A cross-sectional survey of internet use among university students
Authors: Adorjan Kristina , Langgartner Simon , Maywald Maximilian , Karch Susanne , Pogarell Oliver 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe last 2 decades have seen an increase in the number of reports of excessive internet use. Therefore, this study aimed to examine internet use among university students to gain more insight into the novel phenomenon of addictive internet use (AIU). Data were collected by the means of an online questionnaire sent to 4391 students. Approximately 10% of the 4391 students could be included in the statistical analysis. Of those 483 students, almost all (99.2%) used the internet, and a quarter (24.8%) showed AIU. The students used the internet mostly for information searches, random browsing, social networking, and online shopping; however, AIU was seen most often in the areas of social networking, random browsing, information searches, gaming, and pornography. One in four of the respondents showed addictive behavior in at least one area of internet use. Students with AIU in the area of random browsing were significantly less far advanced in their studies than those without AIU, and well-being was significantly poorer across AIU groups than in those who did not show AIU. The study confirms the importance of AIU, as reflected in the high prevalence of AIU among the students and the significantly lower level of well-being in those with AIU. Undifferentiated consideration of AIU does not do justice to its various facets, and future research should consider all areas of internet use, with the aim to increase understanding of the underlying mechanisms of AIU and develop more differentiated treatment approaches.
A direct approach to evaluate interaction forces between self-adhesive polymeric films subjected to T-peeling
Authors: Naumenko Konstantin , Bagheri Behnaz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a direct procedure to identify interaction forces between self-adhesive flexible polymeric films is developed. High-resolution photographs of the deformed shape within and outside the zone of adhesive interaction are taken at different instances of the T-peel test. To describe the deformed centerline, an approximate analytical solution to the equations of the nonlinear beam theory is derived. The obtained function is the exponential sum satisfying both kinematic and static boundary conditions for the T-peel configuration. The interaction forces computed with the developed function satisfy equilibrium conditions. The procedure provides characteristics of the adhesive interaction such as the energy of adhesion, maximum force and critical opening displacement. Furthermore, the developed direct approach is applicable to generate the whole traction–separation curve.
A multi-trajectory analysis of commonly co-occurring mental health issues across childhood and adolescence
Authors: Murray Aja L. , Eisner Manuel , Nagin Daniel , Ribeaud Denis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDevelopmental trajectories of mental health issues can often be usefully summarised in a small number of clinically meaningful subtypes. Given the high levels of heterotypic and homotypic comorbidity in child and adolescent mental health symptoms, we explored whether it was possible to identify clinically meaningful developmental subtypes of multiple commonly co-occurring mental health issues. We evaluated the combined developmental trajectories of the most common and commonly co-occurring child and adolescent mental health issues: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), internalising, and externalising symptoms in a normative sample of youth with data (n = 1620) at ages 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 15 using group-based multi-trajectory modelling. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of group membership. Our optimal model included six trajectory groups, labelled ‘unaffected’, ‘normative maturing’, ‘internalising’, ‘multimorbid late onset’, ‘multimorbid remitting’, and ‘multimorbid with remitting externalising’. Examining covariates of group membership suggested that males and bully victims tend to have complex mental health profiles; academic achievement and smoking during pregnancy have general associations with mental health irrespective of symptom developmental trajectories or combination; and maternal post-natal depression is primarily related to symptoms that are already in evidence by the beginning of the school years. Results suggest that developmental trajectories of commonly co-occurring mental health issues can be usefully summarised in terms of a small number of developmental subtypes. These subtypes more often than not involve multiple co-occurring mental health issues. Their association with mental health covariates depends on the combination and developmental timing of symptoms in ways that suggest they can be clinically informative.
Multi-marker approach for the evaluation of environmental impacts of APACS 50WG on aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Somogyvári Dávid , Vehovszky Ágnes , Farkas Anna , Horváth Réka , Győri János 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeonicotinoids are the most widely used synthetic insecticides in the world. These insecticides are widely distributed in the ecosystem, indicating that more attention should be paid to the potential risks regarding their use in agriculture. Due their intensive use, non-target species in the environment are also exposed to their putative effects. Within acute exposure trials, the time related effect of sublethal dose of the neonicotinoid preparation APACS 50 WG was investigated on swimming behaviour and the multi-xenobiotic resistance system (MXR) activity, as a first line defence pathway of adult Dikerogammarus villosus. Results showed that treated animals manifested an increased swimming activity. Exposed animals were monitored by the rhodamine B accumulation assay, and APACS 50 WG exerted distinct changes in the MXR activity as well. Our results suggested that application of neonicotinoid at a low concentration (3.9 ng/l) contributed to the activation of locomotor activity and at the same concentration range the transmembrane transport mechanisms was altered too.
Characterization and structural properties of bamboo fibre solid foams
Authors: Malekzadeh H. , Md Zaid N. S. B. , Bele E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, cellulose fibres extracted from bamboo culms were used to fabricate two types of cellular materials: rigid foams and fibrous networks. A relatively simple and low-technology fabrication method is presented, using natural binders and blowing agents to manufacture rigid foams, and fibrillation by partial hydrolysis in H2SO4 to manufacture fibrous networks. The compressive response is related to the internal microstructure and processing parameters. In the case of fibrous networks, the achievable relative density range is determined by the length of initial fibres and extent of external fibrillation. The compressive properties are dictated both by the density of the network and strength of the fibrous bridges, showing a linear stiffness-density relationship due to the length of fibres, and an inverse relationship at increased external fibrillation. The rigid foams showed an orthotropic internal microstructure but nearly isotropic compressive response, due to the influence of the interpenetrating void structure on the deformation and fracture mechanisms. The results show the potential of bamboo-fibre porous materials as low cost, lightweight structural materials.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish tissues more closely resemble algal than terrestrial diet sources
Authors: Ebm Nadine , Guo Fen , Brett Michael T. , Bunn Stuart E. , Kainz Martin J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe River Continuum Concept implies that consumers in headwater streams have greater dietary access to terrestrial basal resources, but recent studies have highlighted the dietary importance of high-quality algae. Algae provide consumers with physiologically important omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, terrestrial plants and most benthic stream algae lack the long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), which is essential for neural development in fish and other vertebrates. We sampled subalpine streams to investigate how the PUFA composition of neural (brain and eyes), muscle, and liver tissues of freshwater fish is related to their potential diets (macroinvertebrates, epilithon, fresh and conditioned terrestrial leaves). The PUFA composition of consumers was more similar to epilithon than to terrestrial leaves. Storage lipids of eyes most closely resembled dietary PUFA (aquatic invertebrates and algae). However, DHA and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) were not directly available in the diet but abundant in organs. This implies that algal PUFA were selectively retained or were produced internally via enzymatic PUFA conversion by aquatic consumers. This field study demonstrates the nutritional importance of algal PUFA for neural organs in aquatic consumers of headwater regions.
Addressing water quality in water footprinting: current status, methods and limitations
Authors: Mikosch Natalia , Berger Markus , Finkbeiner Matthias 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In contrast to water consumption, water pollution has gained less attention in water footprinting so far. Unlike water scarcity impact assessment, on which a consensus has recently been achieved, there is no agreement on how to address water quality deterioration in water footprinting. This paper provides an overview of existing water footprint methods to calculate impacts associated with water pollution and discusses their strengths and limitations using an illustrative example.

Methods
The methods are described and applied to a case study for the wastewater generated in textile processing. The results for two scenarios with different water quality parameters are evaluated against each other and the water scarcity footprint (WSF). Finally, methodological aspects, strengths and limitations of each method are analysed and discussed and recommendations for the methods application are provided.

Results and discussion
Two general impact assessment approaches exist to address water quality in water footprinting: the Water Degradation Footprint (WDF) calculates the impacts associated with the propagation of released pollutants in the environment and their uptake by the population and ecosystem, while the Water Availability Footprint (WAF) quantifies the impacts related to the water deprivation, when polluted water cannot be used. Overall, seven methods to consider water quality in water footprinting were identified, which rely upon one or a combination of WDF, WAF and WSF. Methodological scopes significantly vary regarding the inventory requirements and provided results (a single-score or several impact categories). The case study demonstrated that the methods provide conflicting results concerning which scenario is less harmful with regard to the water pollution.

Conclusions
This paper provides a review of the water pollution assessment methods in water footprinting and analyses their modelling choices and resulting effects on the WF. With regard to the identified inconsistencies, we reveal the urgent need for a guidance for the methods application to provide robust results and allow a consistent evaluation of the water quality in water footprinting.
Influence of Annealing Time of Aluminum AA1050 on the Quality of Cu and Co Nanocones
Authors: Skibinska Katarzyna , Smola Grzegorz , Bialo Lukasz , Kutyla Dawid , Kolczyk-Siedlecka Karolina , Kwiecinska Anna , Wojnicki Marek , Zabinski Piotr 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnodization is a widespread surface treatment method for aluminum and its alloys; it also allows the formation of 1D nanostructures by a two-step process. Microstructure of the Al substrate and crystallographic texture after rolling and annealing have influence on the properties of AAO templates with conical nanopores. Synthesized free-standing 1D nanostructures ensure better electrocatalytic properties than bulk materials due to larger active surface area. In this work, the influence of annealing time at 500 °C on Vickers hardness and microstructure of aluminum AA1050 used in a two-step anodization process was investigated. The geometrical features of the templates such as interpore distance and number of pores per 1 μm2 were determined and compared. There is dependence between the time of the annealing process and surface quality of synthesized 1D Cu nanocone layers. The template, after 1 h of annealing, due to the largest active area and satisfactory quality of the nanocone surface, was chosen for synthesis of Co nanocones. The electrocatalytic properties of samples were measured in 1 M NaOH solution and compared with bulk material electrodeposited in the same conditions. The open circuit potential, connected with starting of hydrogen evolution reaction, was determined from the LSV curves. Active surface areas were determined for all samples using SEM photographs and taken into consideration during electrocatalytic tests. Possible behavior of hydrogen bubbles for the formation of nanostructures was considered.
Toward Closing a Loophole: Recovering Rare Earth Elements from Uranium Metallurgical Process Tailings
Authors: Vaughan James , Tungpalan Kate , Parbhakar-Fox Anita , Fu Weng , Gagen Emma J. , Nkrumah Philip Nti , Southam Gordon , van der Ent Antony , Erskine Peter D. , Gow Paul , Valenta Rick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRare earth elements are increasingly required for use in modern high-tech components, and primary production is necessary to meet the demand. Reprocessing legacy metallurgical tailings is advantageous, as the material has already been mined, beneficiated, upgraded, and contained in a single accessible location. The Mary Kathleen uranium process tailings in Queensland, Australia, provides an opportunity for this. The geology and historic process methods for the Mary Kathleen uranium mine are described along with known characteristics of the tailings material. Conventional and alternative REE processing options are reviewed, including phyto-extraction and other bio-technologies. Approaches to determining the appropriate pathway forward for Mary Kathleen tailings are then discussed.
Smart mobility – an analysis of potential customers’ preference structures
Authors: Schulz Thomas , Böhm Markus , Gewald Heiko , Krcmar Helmut 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCities around the world face major challenges caused by the extensive use of private cars. To counteract these problems, a new paradigm is necessary which promotes alternative mobility services. ‘Smart mobility’ refers to a new mobility behaviour that makes use of innovative technical solutions, such as the IT-supported combination of different alternative mobility services during a trip from an origin to a destination. Unfortunately, relatively few customers use apps that provide recommendations for smart mobility and there is limited knowledge about the desires, priorities and needs of potential customers. To fill this gap, we use conjoint analysis to explore differences in smart mobility app preferences across groups of people with varying mobility behaviour. Our study also considers the effect of age and place of residence on preference structures. Our results show, for example, that only car drivers do not consider the price of the smart mobility app to be particularly important for their selection decision.
An Adaptive Analytic Continuation Method for Computing the Perturbed Two-Body Problem State Transition Matrix
Authors: Tasif Tahsinul Haque , Elgohary Tarek A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, the Taylor series based technique, Analytic Continuation is implemented to develop a method for the computation of the gravity and drag perturbed State Transition Matrix (STM) incorporating adaptive time steps and expansion order. Analytic Continuation has been developed for the two-body problem based on two scalar variables f and gp and their higher order time derivatives using Leibniz rule. The method has been proven to be very precise and efficient in trajectory propagation. The method is expanded to include the computation of the STM for the perturbed two-body problem. Leibniz product rule is used to compute the partials for the recursive formulas and an arbitrary order Taylor series is used to compute the STM. Four types of orbits, LEO, MEO, GTO and HEO, are presented and the simulations are run for 10 orbit periods. The accuracy of the STM is evaluated via RMS error for the unperturbed cases, symplectic check for the gravity perturbed cases and error propagation for the gravity and drag perturbed orbits. The results are compared against analytical and high order numerical solvers (ODE45, ODE113 and ODE87) in terms of accuracy. The results show that the method maintains double-precision accuracy for all test cases and 1-2 orders of magnitude improvement in linear prediction results compared to ODE87. The present approach is simple, adaptive and can readily be expanded to compute the full spherical harmonics gravity perturbations as well as the higher order state transition tensors.