bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prefrontal cortex brain damage and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Choi Sarah E. , Roy Bhaswati , Freeby Matthew , Mullur Rashmi , Woo Mary A. , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined brain tissue integrity in sites that controls cognition (prefrontal cortices; PFC) and its relationships to glycemic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsWe examined 28 T2DM patients (median age 57.1 years; median body mass index [BMI] 30.6 kg/m2;11 males) and 47 healthy controls (median age 55.0 years; median BMI 25.8 kg/m2; 29 males) for cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]), glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]), and PFC tissue status via brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). High‐resolution T1‐weighted images were collected using a 3.0‐Tesla MRI scanner, and PFC tissue changes (tissue density) were examined with voxel‐based morphometry procedures.ResultsReduced PFC density values were observed in T2DM patients compared to controls (left, 0.41 ± 0.02 mm3/voxel vs 0.44 ± 0.02 mm3/voxel, P < 0.001; right, 0.41 ± 0.03 mm3/voxel vs 0.45 ± 0.02 mm3/voxel, P < 0.001). PFC density values were positively correlated with cognition; left PFC region (r = 0.53, P = 0.005) and right PFC region (r = 0.56, P = 0.003), with age and sex as covariates. Significant negative correlations were found between PFC densities and HbA1c values; left PFC region (r = −0.39, P = 0.049) and right PFC region (r = −0.48, P = 0.01), with age and sex as covariates.ConclusionsT2DM patients showed PFC brain tissue damage, which is associated with cognitive deficits and poor glycemic control. Further research is needed to identify causal relationships between HbA1c, cognition, and brain changes in T2DM and to evaluate the impact of interventions to prevent brain tissue injury or neuroregeneration in this high‐risk patient population, to eventually preserve or enhance cognition and improve glucose outcomes.
Utility of Ga68 prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron‐emission tomography for pre‐operative staging of high‐risk prostate cancer in a prospective cohort
Authors: Tarr Gregory Patrick , Kashyap Puja , Dixit Devesh Datta , Willams Andrew Keith , Koya Madhusudhan Prasad , Lim Remy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionTo assess the yield of Ga68 PSMA PET/CT added to the conventional staging of high‐risk prostate cancer in terms of altered staging and changes to management.MethodsPatients with high‐risk prostate cancer without metastatic disease on conventional staging referred for Ga68 PSMA PET/CT at Mercy Radiology, Auckland, New Zealand, were prospectively recruited. Conventional staging was double read in a blinded fashion by oncology fellowship‐trained radiologists, who were also experienced in PET/CT, followed by interpretation of the PSMA PET/CT by the same radiologists. Confirmation of changes in management decision was obtained from the treating surgeon and multidisciplinary team meeting records. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health and Disability Ethics Committee. All patients gave written informed consent.ResultsA total of 49 patients were scanned. Three who were otherwise eligible for radical prostatectomy elected alternative treatments, leaving 46 patients included for analysis in the study. The addition of PSMA PET/CT was associated with highly statistically significant changes in both staging and management. The stage was changed in 32.6% (95% CI 20.8–47.1%, P < 0.001) patients upstaging in 60% and downstaging in 40%; clinical management in 34.8% (95% CI 22.6–49.3%; P < 0.001), with intramodality change in 25% and intermodality change in 75%. Factors predictive of a change in management with PSMA PET/CT included higher Gleason score and a greater proportion of prostatic cores positive for tumour.ConclusionThe addition of Ga68 PSMA PET/CT to conventional staging in high‐risk prostate cancer frequently leads to changes in staging and management.
PRECARIOUS CHOREIA IN SATYR PLAY
Authors: LÄMMLE REBECCA 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Satyr drama is defined by the dominating presence of its eponymous chorus; yet its choreia always appears precarious and problematic. The satyrs sing and dance and are scolded for doing so, or they do not sing and dance and are scolded for not doing so. Even when they are singing and dancing, the satyrs themselves question their own choreia as they lament the impossibility of singing and dancing under current circumstances, share memories of better songs and past dances, or imagine them happening in the future. This paper considers the persistent problematization of choreia in satyr play and the specific uses of satyric choreia as a central element in the poetics of the genre, arguing that these are tied to an unabashedly Dionysiac re-construction of the origins of drama. Finally, a postscript shows how satyr drama’s treatment of choreia translates into the visual sphere on the famous Pronomos Vase.
An evaluation of the Danish version of the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale
Authors: Simonsen Birgitte Yndgaard , Skovby Pernille , Lisby Marianne 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundEmergence Delirium (ED) is a common complication from anesthesia. Although ED has a short duration, detection is important due to the risk that ED poses for post‐operative complications in the child. The Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale has been translated into Danish, but it has not yet been validated. The aim of this study was to investigate the inter‐rater reliability, criterion validity, and responsiveness of the Danish version of the PAED scale as well as to determine the prevalence of ED.MethodA sample of 100 post‐operative children were enrolled and assessed with the PAED scale at pre‐specified time intervals. Inter‐rater reliability was assessed independently by 2 raters. For criterion validity, a clinical expert was chosen as the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity were based on a comparison between the scoring of the raters and the gold standard. Responsiveness was assessed by comparing changes in scores. Prevalence was based on the PAED scale's cut‐off level of ≥10 points.ResultsA high level of agreement was found, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.85‐0.94. Few outliers appeared in the Bland‐Altman plot. Sensitivity ranged from 70% to 86%, and the specificity of both raters against the gold standard was 100%. Changes in scores were indicative of responsiveness. Prevalence was 13.2%.ConclusionThe Danish version of the PAED scale was found reliable and demonstrated high levels of sensitivity and specificity. In addition, it was possible to identify changes in scores over time. Prevalence was in line with existing literature.
Genome‐wide scan of selection signatures in Dehong humped cattle for heat tolerance and disease resistance
Authors: Li R. , Li C. , Chen H. , Li R. , Chong Q. , Xiao H. , Chen S. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDehong humped cattle (DHH) is an indigenous zebu breed from southwestern China that possesses characteristics of heat tolerance and strong disease resistance and adapts well to the local tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. However, information on selection signatures of DHH is scarce. Herein, we compared the genomes of DHH and each of Diqing and Zhaotong cattle breeds using the population differentiation index (FST), cross‐population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP‐EHH) and cross‐population composite likelihood ratio (XP‐CLR) methods to explore the genomic signatures of heat tolerance and disease resistance in DHH. Several pathways and genes carried selection signatures, including thermal sweating (calcium signaling pathway), heat shock (HSF1) and oxidative stress response (PLCB1, PLCB4), coat color (RAB31), feed intake (ATP8A1, SHC3) and reproduction (TP63, MAP3K13, PTPN4, PPP3CC, ADAMTSL1, SS18L1, OSBPL2, TOX, RREB1, GRK2). These identified pathways and genes may contribute to heat tolerance in DHH. Simultaneously, we also identified LIPH, TP63 and CBFA2T3 genes under positive selection that were associated with immunity.
Elevated intraocular pressure induces neuron‐specific β‐III‐tubulin expression in non‐neuronal vascular cells
Authors: Prokosch Verena , Brockhaus Kathrin , Anders Fabian , Liu Hanhan , Mercieca Karl , Gericke Adrian , Melkonyan Harut , Thanos Solon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposePathological alterations within optic nerve axons and progressive loss of the parental retinal ganglion cell (RGC) bodies are characteristics of glaucomatous neuropathy. Abnormally elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is thought to be the major risk factor for most forms of glaucomatous changes, while lowering of the IOP is the mainstream of treatment. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative changes are poorly understood. It remains still a matter of debate whether elevated IOP harms the neurons directly or indirectly through alterations in the retinal vascularization.MethodsWe analysed morphological and molecular changes within the retina exposed to elevated IOP in an animal model of glaucoma in vivo, in retinal explants and in cultured dissociated retinal cells each incubated under elevated air pressure in vitro, imitating elevated IOP.ResultsAlthough ß‐III‐tubulin expressing RGCs decreased within the course of the disease, total amount of ß‐III‐tubulin protein within the retina increased, leading to the assumption that other cells than RGCs abnormally express ß‐III‐tubulin due to elevated IOP. Surprisingly, we found that β‐III‐tubulin, a marker developmentally regulated and specifically expressed in neurons under normal conditions, was strongly up‐regulated in desmin‐, PDGFR‐β‐ and α‐SMA‐positive pericytes as well as in endothelin‐1‐positive endothelial cells both in vivo under elevated IOP and in vitro under elevated culture atmosphere pressure that simulated IOP elevation. Beta‐III‐tubulin‐driven signalling pathways (ERK 1/2, pERK1/2 and cdc42/Rac) were also regulated.ConclusionThe unprecedented regulation of neuron‐specific β‐III‐tubulin in pericytes and endothelial cells is likely associated with a role of the retinal vasculature in the IOP‐induced development and manifestation of glaucomatous degenerative optic nerve response.
Determinants and effects of fluid status changes in caesarean delivered neonates
Authors: Zanardo Vincenzo , Tortora Domenico , Parotto Matteo , Severino Lorenzo , Simbi Alphonse , Guerrini Pietro , Straface Gianluca 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimEvidence suggests that caesarean section is associated with a reduced placental transfusion and poor iron‐related haematological indices, both in cord and peripheral blood, compared with vaginal delivery. We assessed determinants and effects of fluid status changes on placental transfusion in neonates delivered by elective (ElCD) and emergency (EmCD) caesarean section.MethodsPlacental transfusion was estimated by ∆ haematocrit (Hct) increase from birth to 48 hours of life, accounting for contemporaneous ∆ body weight decrease, in 143 women/infant pairs, 62 who underwent ElCD and 81 EmCD, respectively.ResultsCord blood Hct levels at birth of ElCS neonates were significantly lower than those of EmCD neonates (44.58 + 4.87vs 49.93 + 4.29, P = .01). At 48 hours of life, capillary heel Hct levels of ElCD and of EmCD neonates were comparable. ElCD had a higher ∆ body weight decrease (ElCD −7.25 ± 1.74% vs EmCD −6.31 ± 2.34% [P: .011]) and ∆ Hct increase ([ElCD + 5.93 ± 4.92 vs EmCD + 3.59 ± 5.29, [P: .011]). In a linear regression model analysis, gestational age in ElCD neonates had a significant effect on the differences in arterial cord blood Hct, body weight at birth and body weight decrease at 48 hours after birth.ConclusionEarly‐term surgical delivery is a determinant of transient dilutional anaemia in ElCD neonates, lacking neuroendocrine response of labour and delivery.
The hypoxia tolerance of eight related African mole‐rat species rivals that of naked mole‐rats, despite divergent ventilatory and metabolic strategies in severe hypoxia
Authors: Ivy Catherine M. , Sprenger Ryan J. , Bennett Nigel C. , van Jaarsveld Barry , Hart Daniel W. , Kirby Alexia M. , Yaghoubi Dadmehr , Storey Kenneth B. , Milsom William K. , Pamenter Matthew E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsBurrowing mammals tend to be more hypoxia tolerant than non‐burrowing mammals and rely less on increases in ventilation and more on decreases in metabolic rate to tolerate hypoxia. Naked mole‐rats (Heterocephalus glaber, NMRs), eusocial mammals that live in large colonies, are among the most hypoxia‐tolerant mammals, and rely almost solely on decreases in metabolism with little change in ventilation during hypoxia. We hypothesized that the remarkable hypoxia tolerance of NMRs is an evolutionarily conserved trait derived from repeated exposure to severe hypoxia owing to their burrow environment and eusocial colony organization.MethodsWe used whole‐body plethysmography and indirect calorimetry to measure the hypoxic ventilatory and metabolic responses of eight mole‐rat species closely related to the NMR.ResultsWe found that all eight species examined had a strong tolerance to hypoxia, with most species tolerating 3 kPa O2, Heliophobius emini tolerating 2 kPa O2 and Bathyergus suillus tolerating 5 kPa O2. All species examined employed a combination of increases in ventilation and decreases in metabolism in hypoxia, a response midway between that of the NMR and that of other fossorial species (larger ventilatory responses, lesser reductions in metabolism). We found that eusociality is not fundamental to the physiological response to hypoxia of NMRs as Fukomys damarensis, another eusocial species, was among this group.ConclusionsOur data suggest that, while the NMR is unique in the pattern of their physiological response to hypoxia, eight closely related mole‐rat species share the ability to tolerate hypoxia like the current “hypoxia‐tolerant champion,” the NMR.
Drive and Direction: Empathy with Intended Targets Moderates the Proactive Personality–Job Performance Relationship via Work Engagement
Authors: Chong SinHui , Van Dyne Linn , Kim You Jin , Oh Jo K. 
Published: December 2019

Proactive employees are self‐starting and driven. Thus, they typically exhibit high levels of work engagement. While work engagement reflects the degree to which employees are attentive and absorbed when performing their work tasks, it does not guarantee effective job performance unless their actions are strategic. We draw on Grant and Ashford’s (2008) proactivity framework to develop a drive and direction contingency model that expands our understanding of how and when proactive personality predicts job performance via work engagement. We argue that employee’s drive (represented by the positive relation of proactive personality with work engagement) predicts job performance only when the employee also has high (vs. low) empathy with their intended targets, such as customers. Empathy with intended targets allows employees to understand and feel their targets’ concerns and feelings, thus providing a direction that guides their work engagement to address their targets’ interests and predict job performance. Results from a multiple‐source (employees, supervisors, and organizational records) lagged (T1–T2) field study and a lab experiment support our model. We discuss the implications, limitations, and future directions of our findings.
Effect of different implant placement depths on crestal bone levels and soft tissue behavior: A 5‐year randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Siqueira Rafael Amorim Cavalcanti , Savaget Gonçalves Junior Robson , dos Santos Paulo Gustavo Freitas , de Mattias Sartori Ivete Aparecida , Wang Hom‐Lay , Fontão Flavia Noemy Gasparini Kiatake 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis randomized clinical trial analyzed the long‐term (5‐year) crestal bone changes and soft tissue dimensions surrounding implants with an internal tapered connection placed in the anterior mandibular region at different depths (equi‐ and subcrestal).Materials and methodsEleven edentulous patients were randomly divided in a split‐mouth design: 28 equicrestal implants (G1) and 27 subcrestal (1–3 mm) implants (G2). Five implants were placed per patient. All implants were immediately loaded. Standardized intraoral radiographs were used to evaluate crestal bone (CB) changes. Patients were assessed immediately, 4, 8, and 60 months after implant placement. The correlation between vertical mucosal thickness (VMT) and soft tissue recession was analyzed. Sub‐group analysis was also performed to evaluate the correlation between VMT and CB loss. Rank‐based ANOVA was used for comparison between groups (α = .05).ResultsFifty‐five implants (G1 = 28 and G2 = 27) were assessed. Implant and prosthetic survival rate were 100%. Subcrestal positioning resulted in less CB loss (−0.80 mm) when compared to equicrestal position (−0.99 mm), although the difference was not statistically significant (p > .05). Significant CB loss was found within the G1 and G2 groups at two different measurement times (T4 and T60) (p < .05). Implant placement depths and VMT had no effect on soft tissue recession (p > .05).ConclusionsThere was no statistically significant difference in CB changes between subcrestal and equicrestal implant positioning; however, subcrestal position resulted in higher bone levels. Neither mucosal recession nor vertical mucosa thickness was influenced by different implant placement depths.
Deproteinized bovine bone mineral is non‐inferior to deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen in maintaining the soft tissue contour post‐extraction: A randomized trial
Authors: Sapata Vítor M. , Llanos Alexandre H. , Cesar Neto João B. , Jung Ronald E. , Thoma Daniel S. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Pannuti Cláudio M. , Romito Giuseppe A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo test the non‐inferiority of demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) compared to demineralized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM‐C) for the maintenance of the soft tissue contour after tooth extraction in the esthetic zone.Material and MethodsSixty‐five patients randomly received ridge preservation at a single site in the anterior maxilla with DBBM or DBBM‐C. Both, DBBM and DBBM‐C, were covered with a collagen matrix. Profilometric analyses were performed at baseline (BL), immediately after treatment (PO), and at 4 months (FU; day of implant placement). The main outcome was the horizontal mean change (HC) at the buccal aspect. The measurements also included changes of the estimated soft tissue thickness (eTT) at 1, 3, and 5 mm below the buccal gingival margin. Descriptive analysis was performed, and differences between groups were analyzed using independent samples t test. The non‐inferiority test was performed for HC.ResultsAt 4 months, the horizontal mean change (HC) was −1.43 mm (±0.53 mm) (DBBM‐C) and −1.32 mm (±0.53 mm) (DBBM). Change of the estimated soft tissue thickness (eTT) between baseline (BL) and four months of follow‐up (FU) at 1, 3, and 5 mm amounted to −4.58 mm (±2.02 mm), −2.40 mm (±0.97 mm), and −1.37 mm (±0.78 mm) for DBBM‐C and to −4.12 mm (±1.80 mm), −2.09 mm (±0.91 mm), and −1.23 mm (±0.72 mm) for DBBM. The differences between the groups were not statistically significantly for any of the outcome measures (p > .05).ConclusionsDBBM is non‐inferior to DBBM‐C for the maintenance of the soft tissue contour 4 months after tooth extraction.
Expanding the differential of superficial tumors with round‐cell morphology: Report of three cases of CIC‐rearranged sarcoma, a potentially under‐recognized entity
Authors: Maloney Nolan , Smith Stephen M. , Peters Sara B. , Batistatou Anna , Evangelou Zoi , Harms Paul W. , Chan May P. , Antonescu Cristina R. , Linos Konstantinos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAmong sarcomas with a round‐cell morphology that lack rearrangement of the EWSR1 gene, rearrangements involving the CIC gene are the most common. In comparison with Ewing Sarcoma, CIC‐rearranged sarcomas present at an older average age, arise almost exclusively in soft tissues, are clinically more aggressive, and are more likely to be resistant to the chemotherapy regimens used for Ewing sarcoma. CIC‐rearranged sarcomas present more commonly in a deep location, and we suspect that superficial presentations may be under‐recognized. In this case series, we report three of such cases. Overall, the morphology is similar to CIC‐rearranged sarcomas of deeper locations. We hope to raise awareness among the dermatopathology community by expanding the differential of superficial tumors with round cell morphology.
Estimating prevalence and incidence of skin cancer in Germany
Authors: Krensel Magdalene , Petersen Jana , Mohr Peter , Weishaupt Carsten , Augustin Jobst , Schäfer Ines 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBackground and objectivesThe aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of skin cancer.Patients and methodsWe calculated prevalence and incidence for cutaneous melanoma (CM) and non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in 2012 in Germany, using claims data of 2.1 million insured persons. In order to allow statements concerning differences between subgroups, we calculated 95 % confidence intervals. Finally, we standardized prevalence and incidence with regard to the German population.ResultsThe prevalence and incidence of CM amounted to 0.12 % and 0.04 % and increased with age. For NMSC these measures were 0.65 % and 0.15 %. Of the prevalent and incident patients, 88.9 % and 87.4 % (CM) and 99.4 % and 98.8 % (NMSC) respectively were at early stages. A projection on the whole population resulted in 75,419 persons affected by CM and 376,004 persons affected by NMSC, including 24,075 (CM) and 84,618 (NMSC) incident patients.ConclusionsIn this study, we defined epidemiological measures according to the number of patients affected by skin cancer and having a medical consultation indicating a need for treatment. These results can serve in future research as a data basis for analysis of health service demand in skin cancer patients and the associated costs.