bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching and learning in ecology: a horizon scan of emerging challenges and solutions
Authors: Cooke Julia , Araya Yoseph , Bacon Karen L. , Bagniewska Joanna M. , Batty Lesley C. , Bishop Tom R. , Burns Moya , Charalambous Magda , Daversa David R. , Dougherty Liam R. , Dyson Miranda , Fisher Adam M. , Forman Dan , Garcia Cristina , Harney Ewan , Hesselberg Thomas , John Elizabeth A. , Knell Robert J. , Maseyk Kadmiel , Mauchline Alice L. , Peacock Julie , Pernetta Angelo P. , Pritchard Jeremy , Sutherland William J. , Thomas Rebecca L. , Tigar Barbara , Wheeler Philip , White Rachel L. , Worsfold Nicholas T. , Lewis Zenobia 
Published: September 2020

We currently face significant, anthropogenic, global environmental challenges and the role of ecologists in mitigating these challenges is arguably more important than ever. Consequently there is an urgent need to recruit and train future generations of ecologists, both those whose main area is ecology, but also those involved in the geological, biological and environmental sciences.Here we present the results of a horizon scanning exercise that identified current and future challenges facing the teaching of ecology, through surveys of teachers, students and employers of ecologists. Key challenges identified were grouped in terms of the perspectives of three groups: students, for example the increasing disconnect between people and nature; teachers, for example the challenges associated with teaching the quantitative skills that are inherent to the study of ecology; and society, for example poor societal perceptions of the field of ecology.In addition to the challenges identified, we propose a number of solutions developed at a workshop by a team of ecology teaching experts, with supporting evidence of their potential to address many of the problems raised. These proposed solutions include developing living labs, teaching students to be ecological entrepreneurs and influencers, embedding skills‐based learning and coding in the curriculum, an increased role for learned societies in teaching and learning, and using new technology to enhance fieldwork studies including virtual reality, artificial intelligence and real‐time spoken language translation.Our findings are focused towards UK higher education, but they should be informative for students and teachers of a wide range of educational levels, policy makers and professional ecologists worldwide.
Earliest vertebrate embryos in the fossil record (Middle Devonian, Givetian)
Authors: Newman Michael J. , den Blaauwen Jan , Burrow Carole , Jones Roger 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSerial sectioning of a nodule encapsulating an adult specimen of the arthrodire placoderm Watsonosteus fletti from the Eday Flagstone Formation (Givetian) in the Orcadian Basin of northern Scotland has revealed the presence of a number of embryos within the adult. This specimen represents the oldest known record of fossilized vertebrate embryos. Thin sections of two of the slices have revealed the detailed histological structure of embryonic plates in placoderms, showing that as previously deduced from visual examination, the outer and inner layers were the first to form. Gut contents preserved near the embryos show that the species had a varied diet, with dermal bone fragments from sarcopterygians and placoderms.
Absence of Iodinated Contrast Hypersensitivity and Characterization of Gadolinium Utilization in an Interventional Pain Population
Authors: Kalangara Jerry , Lanier Kasey , Beckworth William J. , Kuruvilla Merin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIodinated contrast media (ICM) allergy labels pose a unique clinical problem for the interventional pain physician due to the drawbacks of gadolinium for enhancement during pain procedures, as well as the reluctance to add to the cumulative steroid burden with steroid premedication. However, the risks of ICM hypersensitivity specific to this setting have not been previously described.MethodsWe aimed to describe the incidence of ICM‐induced hypersensitivity during the performance of epidural injections in a large healthcare system. We also sought to characterize preexisting ICM allergy labels and how these affected consequent gadolinium utilizations in this population.Results6,471 epidural pain procedures requiring contrast enhancement were performed during the 18‐month study period. There were no reported contrast‐induced hypersensitivity reactions in this time. 108 patients (1.6%) had a preexisting ICM allergy; a shellfish/seafood allergy was recorded in 118 patients (1.82%), and 51 charts (0.78%) were labeled with “iodine” allergy. 183 individuals received gadolinium for enhancement during epidural steroid injections. 96.7% of gadolinium utilization occurred in the context of preexisting allergy labels in the electronic medical record. Of note, 20 patients (18.5%) with ICM allergy labels also received iodinated contrast, and this was uneventful in all cases.ConclusionOur results suggest that ICM‐associated hypersensitivity is very rare during epidural procedures and the incidence is significantly lower than expected based on reaction rates during intravascular administration. This may be related to both dose as well as route of administration. The establishment of a protocol for safe workup of ICM allergy labels would be useful in optimizing pain procedures.
Solitary congenital Langerhans cell histiocytoma: A pattern of benign, spontaneous regression in patients with single lesion disease
Authors: Schwartz Ziv , Bender Anna , Magro Cynthia M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is the neoplastic proliferation of dendritic langerin‐positive histiocytes manifesting as either single system unifocal, single system multifocal, or multisystem disease. The designation Hashimoto‐Pritzker, or self‐healing LCH, has fallen out of favor since it is impossible to predict at time of diagnosis whether the disease is truly self‐remitting or capable of spreading to other organ systems. We review the English literature on solitary congenital Langerhans cell histiocytoma, draw novel conclusions from the data provided by 81 cases in the literature, and illustrate a typical presentation of the diagnosis with a previously unreported patient. Each of the patients diagnosed with solitary congenital histiocytoma experienced spontaneous resolution and had no signs of systemic disease at latest follow‐up. Furthermore, we offer an analysis of the histopathological findings available from the 81 cases and our patient. Based on our study observations, we propose solitary congenital Langerhans cell histiocytoma may portend a good prognosis and represent a distinct entity. However,

until further confirmation with prospective studies, we recommend clinicians

continue conducting appropriate workup to rule out systemic involvement.
Nietzsche's aesthetics
Authors: Huddleston Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe find numerous discussions of art and aesthetics stretching from Nietzsche's first bookThe Birth of Tragedyto his final books of 1888. In what follows, I seek to give an overview of Nietzsche's views. I proceed in a roughly chronological fashion, but try to group key themes together insofar as possible.
Two dogmas of empirical justification
Authors: Lyons Jack C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNearly everyone agrees that perception gives us justification and knowledge, and a great number of epistemologists endorse a particular two‐part view about how this happens. That view is that perceptual beliefs get their justification from perceptual experiences, and that they do so by being based on them. Despite the wide acceptance of these two views, I think that neither has very much going for it; on the contrary, there's good reason not to believe either one of them.
Effect of Sublethal Blue Light on Herbal Extract Activity Against Volatile Sulfide Compound Production by Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Jeffet Uziel , Dagan Neta , Sterer Nir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPreviously, we have shown that sublethal exposure of blue light caused increased cell membrane permeability in Fusobacterium nucleatum. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of this exposure on the activity of Lavender, Sage, Echinacea and Mastic gum extracts against volatile sulfide compound (VSC) production by Fusobacterium nucleatum. Bacterial suspensions were pre‐exposed to blue light (400–500 nm) bellow minimal inhibitory dosage (sub‐MID). Exposed and nonexposed samples were inoculated into test tubes containing growth medium, filtered saliva with or without herbal extracts. Following incubation, test tubes were tested for malodor production (odor judge scores), VSC levels (OralChroma), salivary protein degradation (SDS‐PAGE) and bacterial cell membrane damage (fluorescence microscopy). Results showed that sub‐MID blue light exposure significantly increased the ability of Lavender and Echinacea to reduce VSC production by Fusobacterium nucleatum by more than 30%. These results suggest that sublethal blue light exposure may be useful to increase the efficacy of antimalodor agents.
Biological functions of circRNAs and their progress in livestock and poultry
Authors: Huang Yong , Wang Yanli , Zhang Cai , Sun Xihong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCircRNAs are a new member of endogenous RNAs, which characterized by a closed‐loop structure without terminated 5′ caps and 3′ tails via covalent bonding, which are evolutionarily conserved among different species and often exhibit tissue or developmental stage‐specific expression. So far, thousands of circRNAs have been discovered in eukaryotic cells. CircRNAs are more stable due to its resistance to exonuclease implying important biological functions in all kingdoms of life. They could function as miRNA sponges, interfere with splicing and bind to protein to regulate the expression of host genes and so on. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that circRNAs are closely related to a series of physiological processes in livestock and poultry. In this review, we summarized the biogenesis mechanism, major biological function and detection methods and focused on research advance of circRNAs in livestock and poultry, aiming at providing certain reference value and novel techniques for the development of new molecular genetic markers and breeding of livestock and poultry. Meanwhile, we hope this review could show significant prospect for other researches.
Key Factors and Coupling Relationships of Collaborative Governance for Disaster Prevention in China's Coastal Cities
Authors: Xing Huang , Xing Li 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to discover the key factors for the successful implementation of the collaborative management of disaster prevention and mitigation in coastal cities and their causal coupling, based on the hypothesis, the main factor analysis method was used to analyze the key factors of the various subsystems of disaster prevention and mitigation, and to verify the correlation between the main factors and the successful implementation of coordinated governance for disaster prevention and mitigation in coastal cities. Interpretative structural model (ISM) is used to explore the coupling relationship between subsystems and key factors within each subsystem. The results show that there have 6 factors, including emergency organization coordination, plan construction coordination, monitoring and early warning coordination, information sharing coordination, emergency command coordination, and emergency resource coordination are positively related to the successful implementation of coastal city disaster prevention and mitigation collaborative governance; emergency rescue coordination and emergency decision‐making coordination are not directly related to the successful implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation collaborative governance in coastal cities. When the main factors work together, the impact on the successful implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation collaborative governance in coastal cities is not obvious. There are obvious hierarchical relationships and clear influence paths between key factors within each main factor.
Assembling Agency: Expression, Action, and Ethics in Deleuze and Guattari’s A Thousand Plateaus
Authors: Bowden Sean 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn response to several problems identified in the primary and secondary literature, this article advances an “expressive” conception of action and agency that (i) is consistent with the metaphysics of Deleuze and Guattari’s A Thousand Plateaus, (ii) can underpin the ethical dimensions of this text, and (iii) meets some of the general requirements of a philosophy of action. This conception will be distinguished from standard theories in the philosophy of action, to the extent that these latter conceptualize and explain action with reference to intentions taken as psychological causes that are specifiable in advance and independently of the resultant activity. But it will also be distinguished from commentaries that, after rightly identifying the standard conception of intentional action as incompatible with Deleuze and Guattari’s metaphysics, fail to substitute a viable conception of action and agency in its stead. In short, drawing on a notion of expression, this article will advance a conception of intentions that does not treat them as prior and independently specifiable causes of action, but rather as “immanent” causes whose intelligible content is inseparable from—that is, dynamically assembled and specified within—the ecologically and socially situated, temporally extended and reality‐transforming actions they animate.
Different rates of biochar application change 15N retention in soil and 15N utilization by maize
Authors: Ma Rui , Guan Song , Dou Sen , Wu Dong , Xie Shuai , Ndzelu Batande Sinovuyo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiochar application to soil may impact soil nitrogen (N) dynamics, but the effects on N uptake and utilization by crop remain largely unknown, especially the effects of the rate of biochar application. To investigate the effects of biochar on soil 15N retention rate and 15N utilization efficiency (15NUE) by maize, a six‐month 15N isotope tracer technique combined with in situ pot experiment was conducted in Mollisol. The experiment included four treatments: no biochar applied (CK) and biochar applied at the rates of 12 t ha−1 (P12), 24 t ha−1 (P24) and 48 t ha−1 soil (P48). Compared with CK, biochar application reduced soil bulk density and 15N loss rate, and significantly improved total N and 15N retention amount in the 0–30 cm soil depth. The P24 treatment had the largest increase in 15N retention rate throughout the 0–40 cm depth. After biochar application, the 15N uptake and 15NUE were significantly increased in the grain and leaf, which promoted grain yields. Contrary to this, the P48 treatment appeared to lower 15N uptake and 15NUE compared with P12 and P24. In conclusion, biochar application improves the potential of the soil to retain N and the improvement in 15N uptake and utilization are more pronounced in maize leaves and grain. Moreover, biochar application promotes 15N utilization in maize plant and improves maize yield. However, when biochar application rate is high (i.e. P48 treatment), the 15N retention by the soil and 15N utilization by the maize are reduced markedly compared with P12 and P24.
Utilization of hepatitis C viremic donors for liver transplant recipients without hepatitis C. A veterans transplant center report
Authors: Said Adnan , Weiss Matthew , Varhelyi Anna , Farago Rebecca , Ballweg Cristy , Rice John , Agarwal Parul , Fernandez Luis , Foley David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe report our experience utilizing liver donors with HCV Viremia (RNA+) for HCV‐negative recipients (HCV D+R−) at a Veterans Affairs (VA) transplant center.MethodsIn 2018, we introduced an informed consent process for HCV D+R− liver transplants.ResultsEight HCV D+R− liver transplants (LT) were performed. Median time from listing to LT was 189 days (range 41‐511). Median MELD at LT was 23.5 (median MELD at LT of 31 for center). All recipients developed HCV viremia after transplant. Median time to DAA initiation was 10 days after viremia (range 3‐25). After transplant, the DAAs used were Mavyret in five recipients and Epclusa in three, all for 12 weeks. All eight patients completed DAA therapy and achieved negative HCV RNA by end of therapy (ETR) and seven reached sustained virologic response (SVR) by 12 weeks after end of therapy. One patient died from chronic ischemic encephalopathy after ETR, before SVR.ConclusionsHCV D+R− is a practical strategy to expand the pool of donor organs. It shortened waiting time, allowing patients to receive transplants at lower MELD scores. VA liver transplant programs have provided universal and timely access to post‐transplant HCV DAA therapy after donor‐derived infection.
The Ubp3/Bre5 deubiquitylation complex modulates COPII vesicle formation
Authors: Gomez‐Navarro Natalia , Boulanger Jérôme , Miller Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe appropriate delivery of secretory proteins to the correct subcellular destination is an essential cellular process. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory proteins are captured into COPII vesicles that generally exclude ER resident proteins and misfolded proteins. We previously characterized a collection of yeast mutants that fail to enforce this sorting stringency and improperly secrete the ER chaperone, Kar2 (Copic et al., Genetics 2009). Here, we used the emp24Δ mutant strain that secretes Kar2 to identify candidate proteins that might regulate ER export, reasoning that loss of regulatory proteins would restore sorting stringency. We find that loss of the deubiquitylation complex Ubp3/Bre5 reverses all of the known phenotypes of the emp24Δ mutant, and similarly reverses Kar2 secretion of many other ER retention mutants. Based on a combination of genetic interactions and live cell imaging, we conclude that Ubp3 and Bre5 modulate COPII coat assembly at ER exit sites. Therefore, we propose that Ubp3/Bre5 influences the rate of vesicle formation from the ER that in turn can impact ER quality control events.
The critical closing pressure contribution to dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans: influence of arterial partial pressure of CO2
Authors: Panerai Ronney B. , Minhas Jatinder S. , Llwyd Osian , Salinet Angela S. M. , Katsogridakis Emmanuel , Maggio Paola , Robinson Thompson G 
Published: September 2020

Key points
Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) is often expressed by the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)–cerebral blood flow (CBF) relationship, with little attention given to the dynamic relationship between MAP and cerebrovascular resistance (CVR).
In CBF velocity (CBFV) recordings with transcranial Doppler, evidence demonstrates that CVR should be replaced by a combination of a resistance–area product (RAP) with a critical closing pressure (CrCP) parameter, the blood pressure value where CBFV reaches zero due to vessels collapsing.
Transfer function analysis of the MAP–CBFV relationship can be extended to the MAP–RAP and MAP–CrCP relationships, to assess their contribution to the dynamic CA response.
During normocapnia, both RAP and CrCP make a significant contribution to explaining the MAP–CBFV relationship.
Hypercapnia, a surrogate state of depressed CA, leads to marked changes in dynamic CA, that are entirely explained by the CrCP response, without further contribution from RAP in comparison with normocapnia.
AbstractDynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) is manifested by changes in the diameter of intra‐cerebral vessels, which control cerebrovascular resistance (CVR). We investigated the contribution of critical closing pressure (CrCP), an important determinant of CVR, to explain the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to a sudden change in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). In 76 healthy subjects (age range 21–70 years, 36 women), recordings of MAP (Finometer), CBF velocity (CBFV; transcranial Doppler ultrasound), end‐tidal CO2 (capnography) and heart rate (ECG) were performed for 5 min at rest (normocapnia) and during hypercapnia induced by breathing 5% CO2 in air. CrCP and the resistance–area product (RAP) were obtained for each cardiac cycle and their dynamic response to a step change in MAP was calculated by means of transfer function analysis. The recovery of the CBFV response, following a step change in MAP, was mainly due to the contribution of RAP during both breathing conditions. However, CrCP made a highly significant contribution during normocapnia (P < 0.0001) and was the sole determinant of changes in the CBFV response, resulting from hypercapnia, which led to a reduction in the autoregulation index from 5.70 ± 1.58 (normocapnia) to 4.14 ± 2.05 (hypercapnia; P < 0.0001). In conclusion, CrCP makes a very significant contribution to the dynamic CBFV response to changes in MAP and plays a major role in explaining the deterioration of dynamic CA induced by hypercapnia. Further studies are needed to assess the relevance of CrCP contribution in physiological and clinical studies.
Boundary Layer Flashback Model for Hydrogen Flames in Confined Geometries Including the Effect of Adverse Pressure Gradient
Authors: Björnsson Ólafur H. , Klein Sikke A. , Tober Joeri 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The combustion properties of hydrogen make premixed hydrogen-air flames very prone to boundary layer flashback. This paper describes the improvement and extension of a boundary layer flashback model from Hoferichter et al. (2017, “Prediction of Confined Flame Flashback Limits Using Boundary Layer Separation Theory,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 139(2), p. 021505) for flames confined in burner ducts. The original model did not perform well at higher preheat temperatures and overpredicted the backpressure of the flame at flashback by 4–5×. By simplifying the Lewis number-dependent flame speed computation and by applying a generalized version of Stratford's flow separation criterion (Stratford, 1959, “The Prediction of Separation of the Turbulent Boundary Layer,” J. Fluid Mech., 5(1), p. 1), the prediction accuracy is improved significantly. The effect of adverse pressure gradient flow on the flashback limits in 2 deg and 4 deg diffusers is also captured adequately by coupling the model to flow simulations and taking into account the increased flow separation tendency in diffuser flow. Future research will focus on further experimental validation and direct numerical simulations to gain better insight into the role of the quenching distance and turbulence statistics.