bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threats to the Transmission of Living Heritage Among Children and Youth: Social Media Use, Reflections and Suggestions from a Decade of Capacity-Building
Authors: Ogge Suzanne 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConcerns regarding the impact of social media and digital platforms on children and youth’s interest in their living heritage have been a recurrent topic in capacity-building workshops for the UNESCO 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. While UNESCO’s Living Heritage Entity and other organizations and stakeholders dedicated to safeguarding intangible cultural heritage acknowledge this threat, efforts to mitigate it concentrate primarily on leveraging the opportunities offered by digitalization to integrate living heritage into programmes aimed at enriching young people’s engagement with living heritage (such as education or awareness-raising programmes). Insufficient attention is given to the more harmful ways in which children and youth utilize digital platforms within their family, homes, community or other ‘micro-environments’, in ways that detract from the intergenerational transmission of living heritage. This paper emphasizes the necessity of examining and understanding how social media use and digital platforms impact children and youth within these more intimate environments in which they grow up, and of defining ways to mitigate negative impacts. Drawing from the author’s observations during capacity-building workshops across the Asia-Pacific region over the past decade, this paper raises questions and proposes strategies for addressing the problematic use of social media and digital platforms by the younger generations, drawing on tools provided by the 2003 Convention. It also hopes to contribute to understanding of the wider socio-cultural spheres of the Anthropocene, with its focus on contemporary technology and media, and how they are shaping the living heritage of future generations.
Metaphors for the Study of Digital Heritage Cultures
Authors: Arora Payal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis essay explores the profound connection between intangible cultural heritage and the digital realm, using metaphors to highlight the value attributed to heritage spaces and practices. It discusses how the metaphor of urban parks illustrates the public and global nature of cultural heritage and its ability to foster cultural hybridity and legacy. The digital realm, much like urban parks, offers opportunities for the preservation and revitalization of intangible cultural heritage, nurturing community building and a sense of collective identity. However, the essay also acknowledges the potential for the digital space to be a catalyst for political action, challenging the notion of uncontested and seamless reproduction and regurgitation of leisure-oriented digital cultures. It emphasizes the importance of resisting the freezing of cultural heritage and emphasizing its role in the common good.
Giving a Voice to the People: Intangible Cultural Heritage in Transformation and Structural Change
Authors: Meissner Marlen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntangible cultural heritage (ICH) is well-suited for designing bottom-up policies which are the prerequisites for successful structural change. First, the article provides definitions of transformation and structural change, including their success factors. Second, it provides examples of the beneficial role of culture and cultural heritage in such strategies, showing that cultural heritage has been either ignored as a promoter of structural change or was integrated in a top-down approach, which meant that its potential was not fully harnessed. Finally, the article shows how ICH fosters participation, intra- and intergenerational cooperation, regional networking, territorial intermediation, and how it may support the reinterpretation and revaluation of identities as necessary components of structural change.
World Heritage and Intangible Heritage—What Connects it and What Differentiates It?
Authors: Albert Marie-Theres 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHeritage creates and shapes identity while providing security and contributing to sustainability. In this context, the world’s diverse tangible and intangible heritage is recognized as the result of human creativity, which should be used for sustainable development. Protecting humankind’s heritage is, therefore, a challenge for civil society and the international community’s responsibility. In response to this challenge, the international community have adopted and implemented the “Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” on the one hand and the “Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage” on the other. This article discusses and reflects on how, despite their distinct goals and objectives, these conventions converge in their overarching potential for building and protecting identity and fostering sustainability.
Africa’s Response to Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention
Authors: Omolewa Michael , Eregare Emmanuel Orihentare , Ebohon Rose Eyefujinrin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntangible culture is at the very heart of development in Africa. Greetings and salutations are therapeutic, as considerable energy is invested into greetings and questions about an individual’s welfare. Dress carries a message from the person wearing it, as it demonstrates the state of the mind of the person. Music features prominently at every stage of the life of the individual: there is music when a woman conceives, music at the birth of a child, music at wedding and music at death and funeral celebrations. The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage was an answer to the prayers of Africans for the protection and preservation of the important and yet intangible cultural heritage with immense impact on the individual, community and people in general. Embraced with enthusiasm, the convention dominated discourse was well received. Urbanization, competition with the tangible cultural heritage, poverty and sometimes differences between political leaders and policy makers have adversely affected the performance of Africans in the implementation of the 2003 Convention, as demonstrated in this paper.
Threats and Approaches to the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage: A View from the United States
Authors: Stefano Michelle L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this third decade of the twenty-first century, we face an array of interconnected challenges that threaten not only the sustainability of intangible cultural heritage, but the livelihoods and wellbeing of those who give it life. And while communities across the world continue to safeguard and innovate their living cultural traditions, practices, and expressions, reinforcement of their efforts by heritage professionals may be needed more than ever. In this chapter, I explore these challenges from historical, economic, political, ecological, and technological perspectives, examining how they ought to shape collaborative safeguarding approaches that are guided by ethics and equity. I draw on examples from the U.S., including from the discipline of public folklore, and stress the need for a reprioritization of heritage resources in striving for a more just and livable tomorrow by rooting out the very real problems of today.
Gregarious, chemically defended pine sawflies as a new model to study cooperative interactions in an ecological context
Authors: Lindstedt C. , Koskenpato K. , Van Meyel S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOne of the key challenges of evolutionary theory is to determine how cooperation is promoted in different environmental contexts. This is because the costs and benefits of cooperation can be difficult to identify as they have many facets and are often highly context-dependent. To address this challenge, we need new study systems where the costs and benefits of cooperative behaviour can be quantified at an individual level under different environmental conditions. Here, we review the opportunities to study this with the herbivorous, haplodiploid gregarious pine sawflies (genera Neodiprion and Diprion from the family Diprionidae, Hymenoptera). These species are social only during the larval stage, when they feed in groups and perform collective chemical defence against predators by deploying their defensive secretions in synchrony. Defence behaviour is costly for individuals, and the extent to which individuals contribute to defence also depends on environmental conditions. Furthermore, there is both individual and sex-biased variation in the secretion of defence fluid. Our review highlights the possibilities of using the pine sawfly system to manipulate both ecological (e.g., diet quality) and social (e.g., kin structure, sex ratio, or group density) conditions during the larval stage and to experimentally quantify the impact of the environment on cooperative interactions. As a result, pine sawflies can tell us what leads to heterogeneity in the expression of cooperation in collective goods and elucidate the role of ecological interactions in promoting or constraining cooperation.
Coarse Correlated Equilibria in Linear Quadratic Mean Field Games and Application to an Emission Abatement Game
Authors: Campi Luciano , Cannerozzi Federico , Cartellier Fanny 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Coarse correlated equilibria (CCE) are a good alternative to Nash equilibria (NE), as they arise more naturally as outcomes of learning algorithms and as they may exhibit higher payoffs than NE. CCEs include a device which allows players’ strategies to be correlated without any cooperation, only through information sent by a mediator. We develop a methodology to concretely compute mean field CCEs in a linear-quadratic mean field game (MFG) framework. We compare their performance to mean field control solutions and mean field NE (usually named MFG solutions). Our approach is implemented in the mean field version of an emission abatement game between greenhouse gas emitters. In particular, we exhibit a simple and tractable class of mean field CCEs which allows to outperform very significantly the mean field NE payoff and abatement levels, bridging the gap between the mean field NE and the social optimum obtained by mean field control.
Sex-specific outcomes in acute myocardial infarction-associated cardiogenic shock treated with and without V-A ECMO: a retrospective German nationwide analysis from 2014 to 2018
Authors: Beckmeyer Hendrik Willem , Feld Jannik , Köppe Jeanette , Faldum Andreas , Dröge Patrik , Ruhnke Thomas , Günster Christian , Reinecke Holger , Padberg Jan-Sören 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction-associated cardiogenic shock (AMICS) remains a condition with high mortality. Some patients require mechanical circulatory support (MCS) as their condition deteriorates. Sex-specific differences in risk factors and outcomes of cardiovascular disease have previously been described but are inconclusive regarding the use of MCS in AMICS. We aimed to investigate these with a focus on long-term outcomes. Health claim data from AOK – Die Gesundheitskasse (local health care funds) for patients hospitalized with AMICS between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015, was descriptively analyzed. Then, a Cox proportional hazards model was used to adjust for confounders. We analyzed 10,023 patients, of which 477 (4.8%) were treated with veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO). In-hospital mortality was high, but similar between treatments (V-A ECMO 59.1%, no V-A ECMO 56.6%). Women had a higher median age (78.9 years, IQR 13.8 vs. 71.8 years, IQR 17.9; p < 0.001), a different cardiovascular risk profile and in the conservatively treated patients underwent revascularization less often (69.2% vs. 77.1%; p < 0.001) than men did. In a multivariate analysis, female sex was not associated with lower survival (HR 1.03, CI 0.98–1.09; p = 0.233). V-A ECMO, however, was associated with lower survival in both sexes. We observed a low overall survival in follow-up after three years (no V-A ECMO: men 28.9% vs. women 21.7%, V-A ECMO: men 18.2% vs. women 17.0%). In conclusion, women with AMICS presented with a different risk profile, especially a higher age, and underwent guideline-recommended therapies such as revascularization less often than men. Female sex, however, was not associated with lower survival in a multivariate analysis. In-hospital mortality was high, regardless of treatment, and V-A ECMO was associated with lower survival in follow-up.
Generalization in multi-objective machine learning
Authors: Súkeník Peter , Lampert Christoph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractModern machine learning tasks often require considering not just one but multiple objectives. For example, besides the prediction quality, this could be the efficiency, robustness or fairness of the learned models, or any of their combinations. Multi-objective learning offers a natural framework for handling such problems without having to commit to early trade-offs. Surprisingly, statistical learning theory so far offers almost no insight into the generalization properties of multi-objective learning. In this work, we make first steps to fill this gap: We establish foundational generalization bounds for the multi-objective setting as well as generalization and excess bounds for learning with scalarizations. We also provide the first theoretical analysis of the relation between the Pareto-optimal sets of the true objectives and the Pareto-optimal sets of their empirical approximations from training data. In particular, we show a surprising asymmetry: All Pareto-optimal solutions can be approximated by empirically Pareto-optimal ones, but not vice versa.
Quantification using permutation-invariant networks based on histograms
Authors: Pérez-Mon Olaya , Moreo Alejandro , Coz Juan José del , González Pablo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Quantification, also known as class prevalence estimation, is the supervised learning task in which a model is trained to predict the prevalence of each class in a given bag of examples. This paper investigates the application of deep neural networks for tasks of quantification in scenarios where it is possible to apply a symmetric supervised approach that eliminates the need for classification as an intermediate step, thus directly addressing the quantification problem. Additionally, it discusses existing permutation-invariant layers designed for set processing and assesses their suitability for quantification. Based on our analysis, we propose HistNetQ, a novel neural architecture that relies on a permutation-invariant representation based on histograms that is especially suited for quantification problems. Our experiments carried out in two standard competitions, which have become a reference in the quantification field, show that HistNetQ outperforms other deep neural network architectures designed for set processing, as well as the current state-of-the-art quantification methods. Furthermore, HistNetQ offers two significant advantages over traditional quantification methods: i) it does not require the labels of the training examples but only the prevalence values of a collection of training bags, making it applicable to new scenarios; and ii) it is able to optimize any custom quantification-oriented loss function.
FabuLight-ASD: unveiling speech activity via body language
Authors: Carneiro Hugo , Wermter Stefan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Active speaker detection (ASD) in multimodal environments is crucial for various applications, from video conferencing to human-robot interaction. This paper introduces FabuLight-ASD, an advanced ASD model that integrates facial, audio, and body pose information to enhance detection accuracy and robustness. Our model builds upon the existing Light-ASD framework by incorporating human pose data, represented through skeleton graphs, which minimises computational overhead. Using the Wilder Active Speaker Detection (WASD) dataset, renowned for reliable face and body bounding box annotations, we demonstrate FabuLight-ASD’s effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Achieving an overall mean average precision (mAP) of 94.3%, FabuLight-ASD outperforms Light-ASD, which has an overall mAP of 93.7% across various challenging scenarios. The incorporation of body pose information shows a particularly advantageous impact, with notable improvements in mAP observed in scenarios with speech impairment, face occlusion, and human voice background noise. Furthermore, efficiency analysis indicates only a modest increase in parameter count (27.3%) and multiply-accumulate operations (up to 2.4%), underscoring the model’s efficiency and feasibility. These findings validate the efficacy of FabuLight-ASD in enhancing ASD performance through the integration of body pose data. FabuLight-ASD’s code and model weights are available at https://github.com/knowledgetechnologyuhh/FabuLight-ASD.
Predictive factors in difficult postoperative airway management of severe odontogenic deep neck infection
Authors: Iwata Eiji , Inokuchi Go , Kawakami Masakazu , Matsui Taiki , Kusumoto Junya , Tachibana Akira , Akashi Masaya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to identify risk factors that predict the postoperative need for advanced or prolonged airway management in patients with severe odontogenic deep neck infections (DNIs). This retrospective case–control study included patients of both sexes aged ≥ 18 years who had undergone surgical drainage including debridement of necrotic tissues of odontogenic deep neck abscesses and necrotizing soft tissue infection under general anesthesia between April 2016 and September 2023 at a single center. The patients’ characteristics, laboratory tests, and computed tomography (CT) findings were analyzed and compared between the difficult postoperative airway group, which required prolonged intubation or tracheostomy, and the short-term intubation group. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Sixty-four patients required surgical drainage including debridement under general anesthesia. Of them, 7 (10.9%) patients were included in the difficult postoperative airway group. In addition to increased inflammatory markers, the presence of arytenoid edema among laryngeal edema and retro- and parapharyngeal space abscesses on preoperative CT images were identified as risk factors. The presence of pharyngeal space abscesses was significantly associated with laryngeal edema, and the intubation period was longer in patients with more elements relevant to these two factors. Thus, the presence of pharyngeal space abscesses and degree of laryngeal edema on preoperative CT images can be used to predict the complexity of postoperative airway management. Our results suggest that tracheostomy is preferable for patients with retropharyngeal space abscesses, and that patients with parapharyngeal space abscesses and laryngeal edema are desirable to undergo prolonged intubation.
Genomic population structure and diversity of the endangered Aphanius iberus: strategies for killifish conservation
Authors: Nester Tessa Lynn , López-Solano Alfonso , Perea Silvia , Doadrio Ignacio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe evolutionary potential of a species directly impacts its ability to survive in fluctuating environments. A fundamental goal in wildlife conservation is enhancing this potential since anthropogenic pressures and rapid climate change are shifting environments at an alarming rate. One way to increase a species’ adaptive potential is through the delineation of management units based on population genomic analyses. Such units consist of evolutionarily significant gene pools requiring immediate conservation action. The delineation of priority units is fundamental for species on the brink of extinction, a predicament shared by numerous killifish species worldwide which face human-driven habitat transformations leading to the destruction of functioning ecosystems. The Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula has undergone one of the greatest human-driven habitat transformations in Europe since the turn of the 20th century as a result of agricultural exploitation and urbanization, imposing novel environmental pressures on various aquatic organisms including killifish species, such as the endangered and endemic Spanish toothcarp (Aphanius iberus Valenciennes, 1846). In the present study, we performed a SNP-based genetic analysis to delineate management units, or Operational Conservation Units (OCUs) for A. iberus, sampling a total of 176 individuals from 18 sample locations and analyzing their genetic structure, diversity, levels of gene flow, and degrees of genetic differentiation. Overall, the populations were highly structured with low genetic diversity values. Little to no gene flow was detected and FST values were high, indicating a large degree of genetic differentiation between populations, most likely attributable to habitat fragmentation. The results of our genetic analyses suggested the recommendation of nine OCUs for A. iberus, which should be implemented immediately into recovery programs to enhance the conservation management of this species. Using A. iberus as a study model, our research exemplifies how to delineate conservation priorities pertinent to killifish species with limited dispersal opportunity as a result of disruptions in population connectivity.
Collaboration failure analysis in cyber-physical system-of-systems using context fuzzy clustering
Authors: Hyun Sangwon , Jee Eunkyoung , Bae Doo-Hwan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA cyber-physical system-of-systems (CPSoS) facilitates the achievement of high-level goals, such as efficient traffic management on roads, by designing and developing the collaboration of constituent CPSs. A platooning that groups autonomous vehicles in proximity is an example of collaboration. The intricate collaboration innately causes serious collaboration failures such as collisions. However, limited knowledge and complex dynamics of CPSoS cause several challenges in effectively analyzing the collaboration failures. Existing studies have applied pattern mining techniques to investigate various failures but have limitations when applied to collaboration failures: (1) absence of data model for continuous and discrete logs in CPSoS; (2) information loss problem by not considering the integrated relationship of the data; (3) dependence only on failed logs; (4) limited capability of fixed-size time windows. We propose a fuzzy clustering-based pattern mining approach that consists of a novel data model for CPSoS logs and comprehensive metrics for classifying and mining optimal collaboration failure patterns. In experiments on vehicle platooning, our approach exhibited the highest accuracy on pattern mining and clustering results. Further, we identified five collaboration failure scenarios in the empirical analysis of drone swarming results. The findings of this study can facilitate the effective analysis of CPSoS collaboration failures.