bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary artery to pulmonary artery collateral as the principal source of pulmonary blood supply in pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect with absent left pulmonary artery
Authors: Barry Ibrahima S. , Di Bernardo Stefano , Prša Milan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect is associated with variable sources of pulmonary blood supply. We present a case of a coronary artery to pulmonary artery collateral as the principal source of pulmonary blood supply.
Identifying implementation gaps and priorities for the Singapore government to improve food environment policies: perspectives from a local expert panel
Authors: Tay Zoey , Whitton Clare , van Dam Rob M , Chia Kee Seng , Swinburn Boyd , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Rebello Salome A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:Singapore, an urbanised, developed nation, with a high reliance on food importation and a high prevalence of eating out is facing rising rates of obesity and diabetes. The objective of the current study was to characterise and evaluate the Singapore government’s policies to improve the food environment and to identify and prioritise concrete actions.Design:The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index tool and process were used. An expert panel rated the Singapore government’s implementation of forty-seven indicators compared with international best practice in 2018. Indicators were prioritised, and specific recommendations were proposed by panel.Setting:Singapore.Participants:Twenty experts primarily from academia.Results:As compared with international benchmarks, the level of implementation of most indicators (thirty-three indicators, 70 %) by the Singapore government was evaluated as being at least moderate. Highly rated indicators included those related to provision of healthier meals at school, supporting the use of healthier ingredients by food vendors and governmental leadership. More policy indicators (6, 26 %) as compared with infrastructure support indicators (2, 8 %) received a ‘very little or no implementation’ rating. After rating, the experts prioritised eleven indicators and proposed thirty-one actions informed by several considerations including those of effectiveness, political acceptability, feasibility and unique characteristics of food retail in Singapore.Conclusions:Supported by documented evidence, an independent expert panel identified areas of strengths and provided specific recommendations to meaningfully improve the Singapore food environment to facilitate healthier eating. Fundamental recommendations including improving nutrition profiling and strengthening monitoring systems have the potential to positively influence environments across policy domains.
Measured weight in early pregnancy is a valid method for estimating pre-pregnancy weight
Authors: Inskip Hazel , Crozier Sarah , Baird Janis , Hammond Julia , Robinson Sian , Cooper Cyrus , Godfrey Keith ,   the Southampton Women’s Survey Study Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractEstimation of pre-pregnancy weight is difficult because measurements taken before pregnancy are rarely available. No studies have compared various ‘proxy’ measures using recalled weight or based on early pregnancy weight with actual measurements of pre-pregnancy weight. The Southampton Women’s Survey recruited women during 1998–2002 who were not pregnant. Data on 198 women with an estimated date of conception within 3 months of recruitment were analysed. Three proxy measures were considered: (1) recalled pre-pregnancy weight obtained during early pregnancy, (2) measured weight in early pregnancy and (3) estimated pre-pregnancy weight using a published model. Mean (standard deviation) recalled weight was 1.65 (3.03) kg lighter than measured pre-pregnancy weight, while early pregnancy weight and weights from the published model were 0.88 (2.34) and 0.88 (2.33) kg heavier, respectively. The Bland–Altman limits of agreement for recalled weight were −7.59 to 4.29 kg, wider than those for the early pregnancy weight: −3.71 to 5.47 kg and the published model: −3.68 to 5.45 kg. For estimating pre-pregnancy weight, we recommend subtraction of 0.88 kg from early pregnancy weight or the published model, or addition of 1.65 kg to recalled weight. Estimates of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain categories were very similar when using early pregnancy and published model weights, but they differed from those using recalled weight. Our findings indicate that calculations of first trimester weight gain using recalled weight must be treated cautiously, and a measured weight in early pregnancy provides a more precise assessment of pre-pregnancy weight than recalled weight.
CO2‐Induced Decoupling of Tropical Surface and Thermocline Water Temperature at the Onset of Interglacials
Authors: Dong Liang , Zhang Xu , Jia Guodong , Du Yan , Li Li , Li Qianyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTropical air‐sea interaction is important in global climate change; its behavior over geological history is poorly understood but can be explored by examining reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) and thermocline water temperature (TWT). Here, deglacial‐interglacial air‐sea interactions over the past 500 ka were studied by comparing UK'37‐derived SST0‐30m and TEXH86‐derived TWT75m in a sediment core from the southern South China Sea. During deglacials, SST0‐30m and TWT75m varied synchronously toward interglacial peaks, while during the peak interglacials, TWT75m decreased earlier than SST0‐30m. These changes have been found ubiquitously in tropical oceans during the last two glacial‐interglacial cycles. We propose that the prolonged warm interglacial SST was probably sustained by the natural CO2 “overshoot” greenhouse effect at the end of most terminations. The early interglacial TWT decrease following local insolation is driven by the decreasing downward heat transport efficiency induced by weakening wind stirring.
Drivers of Subsurface Deoxygenation in the Southern California Current System
Authors: Evans Natalya , Schroeder Isaac D. , Pozo Buil Mercedes , Jacox Michael G. , Bograd Steven J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA confluence of subarctic, tropical, and subtropical water masses feed the California Current System (CCS), supporting a highly productive ecosystem and wide array of marine ecosystem services. Long‐term declines in oxygen have been observed in this region, causing habitat compression and other ecosystem consequences. Here we quantify the water masses and processes causing deoxygenation in the subsurface CCS from 1993–2018, and we find that deoxygenation was caused both by changes in the advection of source waters and increased remineralization in the source waters. The historical deoxygenation trend can be attributed primarily (81%) to the Northern Equatorial Pacific Intermediate Water, the deep Pacific Equatorial Water mass transported in the California Undercurrent. We also find that advection and remineralization share nearly equal contributions to deoxygenation. This improved understanding of the mechanisms affecting the aerobic habitat of the CCS will inform projections of ecological impacts and mitigation of future deoxygenation.
Hydrological Cycle Changes Explain Weak Snowball Earth Storm Track Despite Increased Surface Baroclinicity
Authors: Shaw Tiffany A. , Graham R. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSimulations show that storm tracks were weaker during past cold, icy climates relative to the modern climate despite increased surface baroclinicity. Previous work explained the weak North Atlantic storm track during the Last Glacial Maximum using dry zonally asymmetric mechanisms associated with orographic forcing. Here we show that zonally symmetric mechanisms associated with the hydrological cycle explain the weak Snowball Earth storm track. The weak storm track is consistent with the decreased meridional gradient of evaporation and atmospheric shortwave absorption and can be predicted following global mean cooling and the Clausius‐Clapeyron relation. The weak storm track is also consistent with decreased latent heat release aloft in the tropics, which decreases upper tropospheric baroclinicity and mean available potential energy. Overall, both hydrological cycle mechanisms are reflected in the significant correlation between storm track intensity and the meridional surface moist static energy gradient across a range of simulated climates between modern and Snowball Earth.
Plasma Double Layers at the Boundary Between Venus and the Solar Wind
Authors: Malaspina D. M. , Goodrich K. , Livi R. , Halekas J. , McManus M. , Curry S. , Bale S. D. , Bonnell J. W. , de Wit T. Dudok , Goetz K. , Harvey P. R. , MacDowall R. J. , Pulupa M. , Case A. W. , Kasper J. C. , Korreck K. E. , Larson D. , Stevens M. L. , Whittlesey P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe solar wind is slowed, deflected, and heated as it encounters Venus's induced magnetosphere. The importance of kinetic plasma processes to these interactions has not been examined in detail, due to a lack of constraining observations. In this study, kinetic‐scale electric field structures are identified in the Venusian magnetosheath, including plasma double layers. The double layers may be driven by currents or mixing of inhomogeneous plasmas near the edge of the magnetosheath. Estimated double‐layer spatial scales are consistent with those reported at Earth. Estimated potential drops are similar to electron temperature gradients across the bow shock. Many double layers are found in few high cadence data captures, suggesting that their amplitudes are high relative to other magnetosheath plasma waves. These are the first direct observations of plasma double layers beyond near‐Earth space, supporting the idea that kinetic plasma processes are active in many space plasma environments.
Supercooled Southern Ocean Waters
Authors: Haumann F. Alexander , Moorman Ruth , Riser Stephen C. , Smedsrud Lars H. , Maksym Ted , Wong Annie P. S. , Wilson Earle A. , Drucker Robert , Talley Lynne D. , Johnson Kenneth S. , Key Robert M. , Sarmiento Jorge L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn cold polar waters, temperatures sometimes drop below the freezing point, a process referred to as supercooling. However, observational challenges in polar regions limit our understanding of the spatial and temporal extent of this phenomenon. We here provide observational evidence that supercooled waters are much more widespread in the seasonally ice‐covered Southern Ocean than previously reported. In 5.8% of all analyzed hydrographic profiles south of 55°S, we find temperatures below the surface freezing point (“potential” supercooling), and half of these have temperatures below the local freezing point (“in situ” supercooling). Their occurrence doubles when neglecting measurement uncertainties. We attribute deep coastal‐ocean supercooling to melting of Antarctic ice shelves and surface‐induced supercooling in the seasonal sea‐ice region to wintertime sea‐ice formation. The latter supercooling type can extend down to the permanent pycnocline due to convective sinking plumes—an important mechanism for vertical tracer transport and water‐mass structure in the polar ocean.
Effects of the 10 September 2017 Solar Flare on the Density and Composition of the Thermosphere of Mars
Authors: Cramer A. G. , Withers P. , Elrod M. K. , Benna M. , Mahaffy P. R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effects of solar flares on the upper atmosphere of Mars are large but poorly constrained by observations. These effects are an important aspect of the response of Mars to space weather events and may also influence the escape of volatiles from Mars, particularly in the solar system's early history. Here we report the effects of the X8.2 flare on 10 September 2017 on the density and composition of the thermosphere of Mars. This analysis uses neutral number densities of He, O, N2, CO, Ar, and CO2 from the MAVEN Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS). From these observations, we investigate how the enhanced solar irradiance during the flare produced changes in the neutral upper atmosphere of Mars due to atmospheric heating and photochemistry. Flare‐produced photochemical changes in the neutral thermosphere of Mars have been previously implied but not quantified. We find that at fixed altitudes, the number densities of all species barring He increase and the O/CO2 ratio decreases by ∼15–45%, indicating thermal expansion. However, when viewed at fixed total number densities, the densities of CO2 and Ar decrease, and the O/CO2 ratio increases by up to a factor of ∼3. The photodissociation of CO2 is one photochemical process that produces changes resembling those identified. The quantified changes will help to constrain the shifting chemical makeup of the upper atmosphere due to these impactful flare events and may aid modeling of flare behavior and the impact of flares on the evolution of the Martian climate.
TAp63α targeting of Lgr5 mediates colorectal cancer stem cell properties and sulforaphane inhibition
Authors: Chen Yue , Wang Meng-huan , Zhu Jian-yun , Xie Chun-feng , Li Xiao-ting , Wu Jie-shu , Geng Shan-shan , Han Hong-yu , Zhong Cai-yun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) have an established role in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. The p63 proteins are important transcription factors which belong to the p53 family, but their function and mechanism in CSCs remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of TAp63α in colorectal CSCs and the effects of sulforaphane on TAp63α. We found that TAp63α was upregulated in spheres with stem cell properties compared to the parental cells. Overexpression of TAp63α promoted self-renewal capacity and enhanced CSC markers expression in colorectal sphere-forming cells. Furthermore, we showed that TAp63α directly bound to the promoter region of Lgr5 to enhance its expression and activate its downstream β-catenin pathway. Functional experiments revealed that sulforaphane suppressed the stemness of colorectal CSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of TAp63α attenuated the inhibitory effect of sulforaphane on colorectal CSCs, indicating the role of TAp63α in sulforaphane suppression of the stemness in colorectal cancer. The present study elucidated for the first time that TAp63α promoted CSCs through targeting Lgr5/β-catenin axis and participated in sulforaphane inhibition of the stem cell properties in colorectal cancer.
Attenuation of p53 mutant as an approach for treatment Her2-positive cancer
Authors: Fedorova Olga , Daks Alexandra , Shuvalov Oleg , Kizenko Alena , Petukhov Alexey , Gnennaya Yulia , Barlev Nikolai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the world’s leading causes of oncological disease-related death. It is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity on the clinical, morphological, and molecular levels. Based on molecular profiling breast carcinomas are divided into several subtypes depending on the expression of a number of cell surface receptors, e.g., ER, PR, and HER2. The Her2-positive subtype occurs in ~10–15% of all cases of breast cancer, and is characterized by a worse prognosis of patient survival. This is due to a high and early relapse rate, as well as an increased level of metastases. Several FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of Her2-positive tumors have been developed, although eventually cancer cells develop drug resistance. These drugs target either the homo- or heterodimerization of Her2 receptors or the receptors’ RTK activity, both of them being critical for the proliferation of cancer cells. Notably, Her2-positive cancers also frequently harbor mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, which exacerbates the unfavorable prognosis. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms of RTK-specific drugs and discuss new perspectives of combinatorial treatment of Her2-positive cancers through inhibition of the mutant form of p53.
Scale-dependent effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity of Actinidia chinensis populations in China
Authors: Yu Wenhao , Wu Baofeng , Wang Xinyu , Yao Zhi , Li Yonghua , Liu Yongbo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpatial scale partly explains the differentiated effects of habitat fragmentation on plant biodiversity, but the mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the effects of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity at different scales, we sampled Actinidia chinensis Planch. at broad and fine scales, China. The broad-scale sampling included five mountain populations and one oceanic island population (Zhoushan Archipelago), and the fine-scale sampling covered 11 lake islands and three neighboring land populations in Thousand-Island Lake (TIL). These populations were genotyped at 30 microsatellite loci, and genetic diversity, gene flow, and genetic differentiation were evaluated. Genetic differentiation was positively related to geographical distance at the broad scale, indicating an isolation-by-distance effect of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity. The oceanic population differed from the mainland populations and experienced recent bottleneck events, but it showed high gene flow with low genetic differentiation from a mountain population connected by the Yangtze River. At the fine scale, no negative genetic effects of habitat fragmentation were found because seed dispersal with water facilitates gene flow between islands. The population size of A. chinensis was positively correlated with the area of TIL islands, supporting island biogeography theory, but no correlation was found between genetic diversity and island area. Our results highlight the scale-dependent effects of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity and the importance of connectivity between island-like isolated habitats at both the broad and fine scales.
Sexual function in adult patients who have undergone augmentation surgery in childhood: what is really important?
Authors: Bañuelos Marco Beatriz , Hiess Manuela , Stein Raimund , Gonzalez Ricardo , Lingnau Anja , Wood Dan , Radford Anna , Haid Bernhard ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Urology Group of the EAU Young Academic Urologists
Published: October 2020

AbstractProblems relating to the development of a healthy approach to sex and intimacy during puberty, after augmentation cystoplasty, are scarcely discussed in literature. Therefore, this may suggest that such issues are insufficiently addressed by pediatric urologists. We gathered four experts in the field as well as an experienced leader of a patient group and mother of a girl with spina bifida and asked questions relevant to the following areas of care: (a) diversion, urinary incontinence, and sexual life; (b) impact of a stoma on body image perception and self-esteem; (c) specific female concerns with regard to fertility and recurrent urinary infections; (d) specific male concerns on anejaculation and erectile dysfunction. Their answers are discussed in view of the available literature. All experts and the patient group representative agreed that most of these patients will experience: lack of self-confidence as the most frequent obstacle to starting a relationship and incontinence as a barrier to sexual activity. The cosmesis of the stoma and abdominal scars might influence self-esteem and therefore the sexual activity, however it appears to be a less common concern in males than females. Our results outline the importance and influence that the body image, self-esteem, and confidence present for the individual expectations of the patients related to sex life and sexual activity. Physicians should be encouraged to ask all postpubertal patients about their sexual concerns at every visit. Further studies and exchange of information between clinicians are needed to provide meaningful and analyzable patient-related outcome measures (PROMs).
Leptin alters energy intake and fat mass but not energy expenditure in lean subjects
Authors: Chrysafi Pavlina , Perakakis Nikolaos , Farr Olivia M. , Stefanakis Konstantinos , Peradze Natia , Sala-Vila Aleix , Mantzoros Christos S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBased on studies in mice, leptin was expected to decrease body weight in obese individuals. However, the majority of the obese are hyperleptinemic and do not respond to leptin treatment, suggesting the presence of leptin tolerance and questioning the role of leptin as regulator of energy balance in humans. We thus performed detailed novel measurements and analyses of samples and data from our clinical trials biobank to investigate leptin effects on mechanisms of weight regulation in lean normo- and mildly hypo-leptinemic individuals without genetic disorders. We demonstrate that short-term leptin administration alters food intake during refeeding after fasting, whereas long-term leptin treatment reduces fat mass and body weight, and transiently alters circulating free fatty acids in lean mildly hypoleptinemic individuals. Leptin levels before treatment initiation and leptin dose do not predict the observed weight loss in lean individuals suggesting a saturable effect of leptin. In contrast to data from animal studies, leptin treatment does not affect energy expenditure, lipid utilization, SNS activity, heart rate, blood pressure or lean body mass.
An analecta of visualizations for foodborne illness trends and seasonality
Authors: Simpson Ryan B. , Zhou Bingjie , Alarcon Falconi Tania M. , Naumova Elena N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDisease surveillance systems worldwide face increasing pressure to maintain and distribute data in usable formats supplemented with effective visualizations to enable actionable policy and programming responses. Annual reports and interactive portals provide access to surveillance data and visualizations depicting temporal trends and seasonal patterns of diseases. Analyses and visuals are typically limited to reporting the annual time series and the month with the highest number of cases per year. Yet, detecting potential disease outbreaks and supporting public health interventions requires detailed spatiotemporal comparisons to characterize spatiotemporal patterns of illness across diseases and locations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) FoodNet Fast provides population-based foodborne-disease surveillance records and visualizations for select counties across the US. We offer suggestions on how current FoodNet Fast data organization and visual analytics can be improved to facilitate data interpretation, decision-making, and communication of features related to trend and seasonality. The resulting compilation, or analecta, of 436 visualizations of records and codes are openly available online.