bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Aluminum Nitrate Pre-Treatment on High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Dip-Coated Silica Coating on Galvanized Steel
Authors: Yang Tzu-Chin , Chang Jun-Kai , Lin Chao-Sung 
Published: February 2020

Hot-dip galvanization is one of the common methods for anti-corrosion treatments on steels nowadays. Zinc coating on galvanized steel enhances the corrosion resistance of the steel substrate through barrier protection and sacrificial protection. However, its application on press hardening steel (PHS) is facing some challenges. During the austenitization treatment of PHS, the use of zinc coating results in severe liquid metal induced embrittlement and high temperature oxidation.
This present study focused on the effect of aluminum nitrate pre-treatment on the properties of the subsequent silica coating, including the adhesion and high temperature oxidation resistance of the coating. Aluminum nitrate pre-treatment was employed to precipitate aluminum oxide and hydroxide on the substrate in order to provide a homogenous surface and improve the oxidation resistance. The silica coating was synthesized by a sol-gel method from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-glicidoxipropyl-trimetoxisilano (GPTMS) precursor solution. The silica coating was applied via dip coating on a commercial hot-dip galvanized steel received from the China Steel Corporation, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and was subsequently cured to confer high temperature oxidation resistance. The high temperature oxidation resistance was evaluated using the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA, TA Q50) and the microstructural evolution during austenitization. Experimental results showed that the silica coating with pre-treatment had better high temperature oxidation resistance and hindered the liquid phase evaporation. Therefore, it is evident that the aluminum nitrate pre-treatment had positive effects to suppress high temperature oxidation. The Auger spectroscopy analysis further revealed that the surface of the hot-dip Zn coating became chemically homogeneous after the aluminum nitrate pre-treatment, signifying the necessity of a homogeneous aluminum hydroxide surface layer to enhance the adhesion and oxidation resistance of the silica coating on hot-dip galvanized steel during austenitization.
Keywords: Press hardening steel; Hot-dip galvanized steel; Silanes; Sol-Gel; Pre-treatment
(Invited) Two-Dimensional Materials for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Gao Wei 
Published: February 2020

The term “smart-clothes” has been applied over the past few years referring to the attachment of commercial (rigid) electronic devices to an article of clothing with applications mostly in performance sports or futuristic fashion shows. An actual smart fabric comprising the seamless integration of soft (flexible) electronics within the textile itself is still mainly in the R&D stages at prohibitively high manufacturing costs.
Two-dimensional materials, such as graphene and Mxene, have demonstrated attractive electrical and electrochemical properties for flexible electronic applications. However, their direct incorporation into textile structures for truly "wearable" applications have rarely been investigated or demonstrated. In this talk, we will introduce the recent progress of our research group on relevant topics, namely 1) 2D-material based hybrid yarns as supercapacitors via industrialized wet-spinning processes, and 2) wearable microsupercapacitors on various textile structures (PET or Cotton fabrics, and PP or nylon nonwovens) with good washfastness and high flexibility. We will focus on the fundamental aspects and major technological obstacles of the integration of novel functional materials with traditional textile processings and products.
Applying Battery Tuning Method on Metal Oxide for Highly Selective CO2 Reduction
Authors: Jiang Kun , Wang Haotian 
Published: February 2020

Engineering active grain boundaries (GBs) in oxide-derived (OD) electrocatalysts is critical to improve the selectivity in CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), which is becoming an increasingly important pathway for renewable energy storage and usage. Different from traditional in situ electrochemical reduction under CO2RR conditions, where some metal oxides are converted into active metallic phases but with decreased GB densities, here we introduce the Li electrochemical tuning (LiET) method to controllably reduce the oxide precursors into interconnected ultrasmall metal nanoparticles with enriched GBs.
By using ZnO as a case study,1 we demonstrate that the LiET-Zn with freshly exposed GBs exhibits a CO2-to-CO partial current of ∼23 mA cm–2 at an overpotential of −948 mV, representing a 5-fold improvement from the OD-Zn with GBs eliminated during the in situ electro-reduction process. Another representative study is on Cu2O,2 we report the tuning of facet exposure on Cu foil through battery cycling which gives a 6-fold improvement in C2+ to C1 product ratio as compared to polished Cu foil with a maxima C2+ Faradaic efficiency over 60 % and H2 below 20 %. Detailed mechanism study is carried out using density functional theory calculations to shed light on the energetics of the initial C-C coupling steps, while dynamic catalyst surface structure evolution and relevant reactive intermediates are monitored by in situ spectroelectrochemical techniques including Raman scattering and surface enhanced IR spectroscopy.
References:
(1) Jiang, K., Wang, H., Cai, W.B. & Wang, H. ACS Nano
11, 6451-6458 (2017).
(2) Jiang, K., Sandberg, R.B., Akey, A.J., Liu, X., Bell, D.C., Nørskov, J.K., Chan, K. & Wang, H. Nat. Catal. in press (2018).
Effect of Alloying on Electrodeposited Ni Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kim Jae Jeong , Kim Byung Keun , Kim Soo-Kil , Cho Sung Ki 
Published: February 2020

Since the global energy demand shows rapid expansion from last several decades, coping with serious environmental pollution and searching for renewable energy sources have been the pan-international problems. Among the various renewable energy sources, hydrogen is considered as a noticeable candidate, since hydrogen combustion does not discharge any air-pollutant.
There are still many obstacles for hydrogen to alternate the existing fuels, however, mainly due to its difficulties in large-scale production. Indebted with this, electrochemical water splitting attracted a great attention since it shows excellent efficiency to obtain hydrogen from water. Among the all sorts of electrocatalysts, iridium oxide and ruthenium oxide are ranked as the uppermost standard for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). These catalysts have ultimate disadvantages; nevertheless, extremely high prices limit their usage on the mass production of hydrogen.
Recently, many researches were focused on transition-metal-based catalysts because of their low cost, good stability and high catalytic activity on OER. Not only transition metals, but also many derivatives such as phosphorous-alloy-based have been suggested. These alloy catalysts often deliver higher catalytic activity than separated single-metal-based ones, due to synergetic effects induced by transition of valence state and enhanced electrical conductivity.
In this study, we discovered the effect of alloying another element on the Ni OER catalyst. Phosphorous, which is known as good alloying element for improvement of OER activity, was directly incorporated via electrodeposition method. Electroplating enables facile synthesis of the electrocatalyst layer in wet condition without any high temperature process. Furthermore, we introduced Cu as another alloying element and confirmed its catalytic behavior toward OER, compared to conventional Ni phosphorous electrocatalyst.
Amorphous Cobalt Phyllosilicate with Layered Crystalline Motifs As Water Oxidation Catalyst
Authors: Kang Kisuk , Kim Ju Seong , Park Inchul , Jeong eun-Suk , Jin Kyoungsuk , Seong won Mo , Yoon Gabin , Kim Hyunah , Kim Byounghoon 
Published: February 2020

The development of a high-performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst is pivotal for the practical realization of a water-splitting system. Although an extensive search for OER catalysts has been performed in the past decades, cost-effective catalysts remain elusive. Herein, an amorphous cobalt phyllosilicate (ACP) with layered crystalline motif prepared by a roomtemperature precipitation is introduced as a new OER catalyst; this material exhibits a remarkably low overpotential (η ≈ 367 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm−2). A structural investigation using X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the amorphous structure contains layered motifs similar to the structure of CoOOH, which is demonstrated to be responsible for the OER catalysis based on density functional theory calculations. However, the calculations also reveal that the local environment of the active site in the layered
crystalline motif in the ACP is significantly modulated by the silicate, leading to a substantial reduction of η of the OER compared with that of CoOOH. This work proposes amorphous phyllosilicates as a new group of efficient OER catalysts and suggests that tuning of the catalytic activity by introducing redox-inert groups may be a new unexplored avenue for the design of novel high-performance catalysts.
(Invited) Active and Stable Metal Supported Thin Film Metal (Hydroxy-) Oxides for Oxygen Reduction/Evolution Reactions
Authors: Back Seoin , Siahrostami Samira , Nørskov Jens 
Published: February 2020

A successful commercialization of fuel cell and water electrolyzer is currently limited by a lack of cost-effective and highly active electrocatalysts for a cathode reaction (oxygen reduction reaction, ORR) in fuel cells and anode reaction (oxygen evolution reaction, OER) in water electrolyzer, respectively. As a promising catalyst candidate for electrochemical reactions, partially oxidized ultrathin metal film supported on transition metal substrates have been investigated recently. Previous theoretical results by Greeley et al.1 showed that partially oxidized metals can be stabilized by the presence of metal substrates, altering the stability of metal (hydroxyl-)oxide compared to the bulk counterparts. They also applied metal-supported thin films toward alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction, and calculations demonstrated its high potential to lower the reaction kinetic barriers.
In this talk, I will discuss the stability of various thin film metal (hydroxy-) oxides on various metal substrates. Cost-effective metal (hydroxy-) oxides on four face centered cubic (fcc) metal supports were considered. The density functional theory results show that most of metal (hydroxy-) oxide thin films are stabilized on metal supports (up to 1.5 eV per formula unit), implying a possibility of metal-supported thin films to survive in ORR/OER conditions. I will also discuss the applicability of these materials as ORR/OER catalysts.

1Z. Zeng, K. Chang, J. Kubal, N. Markovic and J. Greeley, Nature Energy
2, Article number: 17070 (2017)
Engineering Surface-Binder Interactions in High Energy Density Nanowire Conversion Electrodes for Improved Cycle Life without Fluorinated Additives
Authors: Pandres Elena P. , Olson Jarred Z. , Schlenker Cody W. , Holmberg Vincent C. 
Published: February 2020

High capacity conversion electrode materials – like silicon and germanium – that undergo a large volume change upon lithiation and delithiation, require the formation of a robust solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which is critically important to mitigate deleterious irreversible reactions that occur at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Over time, these irreversible reactions at the electrode surface result in capacity fade by decreasing the number of mobile lithium ions within the cell and by creating a more hindered diffusion path for lithium ions as they travel toward the electrode. To combat the recurrence of these irreversible reactions in high-capacity conversion electrode systems, the addition of electrolyte additives, such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), is typically deemed necessary to promote stable cycling and improve capacity retention. The observed improvements associated with the inclusion of these virtually universally employed additives have been previously attributed to fluorinated reductive decomposition products that enable the formation of a robust SEI layer.
Clearly, careful control over interfacial chemistry and surface reactions are critical for the design of robust electrochemical systems; however, the surface chemistry of the active material is typically ignored prior to electrode formulation. In most studies of high capacity conversion electrode materials, the surfaces remained unmodified, and the active material is incorporated irrespective of what uncontrolled – potentially oxidized – surfaces happen to be present in the native state. Herein, we systematically investigate the electrochemical cycling of germanium nanowire composite conversion electrodes with controlled surface chemistry, formulated with an array of polymeric binders, both in the presence and in the absence of fluorinated electrolyte additives. We observe that controlled modification of the nanowire electrode surface, when paired with certain binders, dramatically improved germanium nanowire-based electrode cycling retention and longevity. In fact, some of these pairings exhibit improved capacity retention in the absence of the fluorinated additives typically deemed necessary for stable cycling, whereas the addition of the fluorinated additive caused the cell capacity to fade more rapidly. Finally, through careful control of surface chemistry and strategic choice of binder material, we show that germanium nanowire-based conversion electrodes can maintain capacity retention in the complete absence of fluorinated additives, fluorinated electrolytes, and fluorinated binders.
Structure and Voltage Recovery Driven by Defects Elimination in Li-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode Materials
Authors: Zhang Minghao , Liu Haodong , Meng Ying Shirley 
Published: February 2020

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are ubiquitous in a wide range of technologies, including cell phones, electric vehicles, and energy grid, and are indispensable in the transition toward sustainable energy technology. The battery performance is inherently connected to the capability of lithium ions to reversibly intercalate with the electrodes. The capacity of classical layered transition metal (TM) oxides, the primary commercial cathode materials, is limited to cationic redox activity. Anionic redox has thus emerged as a new paradigm for designing novel cathodes for next generation LIBs. It is recently confirmed oxygen redox in lithium-rich layered oxides (LRLO) with composition xLi2MnO3∙(1-x)LiTMO2, which enables this group of materials exhibit reversible capacities exceeding 280 mAh g-1.
Unfortunately, this material undergoes voltage fading and instability that is rooted in irreversible structural transformation in terms of defects formation including lithium and oxygen vacancies, lithium tetrahedron, TM migration, edge dislocations, stacking fault, and local strain. Modification methods including morphology control, composition gradient, surface treatment, foreign elements doping, etc., have been proposed in the literatures to mitigate the defects formation and maintain the structure reversibility. Despite their improvement, the intrinsic voltage fading is still inevitable and remains a challenge that will require considerable effort to overcome.
In this work, we demonstrate a path to recover the layer structure and working voltage through high-temperature annealing. The treatment at high temperature recovers the local Li-excess environments around oxygen, oxygen stacking sequence, and eliminates microstrain associated with different defects. As a result, the voltage profile once more shows plateau region during charge and the average discharge voltage is restored of the cycled cathode after heat treatment. Both theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations illustrate the mechanisms underlying the heating induced recovery. The structure metastability and defects removal are decisive in structure and voltage recovery of LRLO cathode material.
(A03 Best Poster Winner) In Situ Study of the Reaction Mechanisms of Tmspi and Tmspa Additives in Lithium Ion Batteries By Online Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bolli Christoph , Guéguen Aurélie , Mendez Manuel , Berg Erik J. 
Published: February 2020

Electrolytes in modern lithium ion batteries (LIBs) mostly consist of a mixture of a linear and a cyclic organic carbonate, a conducting salt and several electrolyte additives. The latter fulfill a variety of different roles in LIBs. They are for example used to form a more stable SEI on the anode, they can act as flame retardant or redox shuttle to improve the safety of the battery, they can be used as sacrificial components which are oxidized at high cell voltages before the regular electrolyte and they can be applied to scavenge molecules which are detrimental to performance of LIBs, such as HF.(1)
Tristrimethylsilylphosphite (TMSPi) and Tristrimethylsilylphosphate (TMSPa) have gained increasing interest as electrolyte additives in recent years. Both are known to improve the performance of LIBs and it was shown that both act as HF scavengers.(2) However, also other roles such as their oxidation and formation of a protective interphase on the cathode (3) or the complexation of transition metals on the surface of the cathode (4) have been described.
Online electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS) was previously shown to be a valuable tool to monitor the gas evolution in LIBs. It allows to study processes in the electrolyte such as solvent decomposition processes (5) or the hydrolysis of the conducting salt,(6) as well gas release resulting from structural changes in the active material as shown for the surface reconstruction of Ni-rich NCM cathodes(7).
In this contribution the effect of TMSPa and TMSPi on the gassing of HENCM/graphite full cells as well as cells with carbon model electrodes is presented. According to our results, the formation of a protective surface layer or complexation of surface transition metal centers are secondary effects in these systems, we rather show that these TMS based compounds act mainly as scavenging agents for harmful reaction intermediates such as HF and LiF. This leads to increased electrolyte stability and improved cycling performance.
(1) A. M. Haregewoin, A. S. Wotango, B.-J. Hwang, Energ. Environ. Sci. 9, 1955-1988 (2016).
(2) J.-G. Han, S. J. Lee, J. Lee, J.-S. Kim, K. T. Lee, N.-S. Choi, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 8319−8329 (2015).
(3) S. Mai, M. Xu, X. Liao, J. Hu, H. Lin, L. Xing, Y. Liao, X. Li, W. Li, Electrochim. Acta 147, 565-571 (2014).
(4) C. Peebles, R. Sahore, J. A. Gilbert, J. C. Garcia, A. Tornheim, J. Bareño, H. Iddir, C. Liao, D. P. Abraham, J. Electrochem. Soc. 164, A1579-A1586 (2017).
(5) D. Streich, A. Guéguen, M. Mendez, F. Chesneau, P. Novák, E. J. Berg, J. Electrochem. Soc. 163, A964-A970 (2016).
(6) A. Guéguen, D. Streich, M. He, M. Mendez, F. F. Chesneau, P. Novák, E. J. Berg, J. Electrochem. Soc. 163 A1095-A1100 (2016).
(7) D. Streich, C. Erk, A. Guéguen, P. Müller, F. Chesneau, E. J. Berg, J. Phys. Chem. C 121, 13481-13486 (2017).
Electrochemical Performance of Dry Battery Electrode
Authors: Shin Joon , Duong Hieu 
Published: February 2020

Li ion battery has been a key research and development topic in energy storage industry in past decade because of considerable consumer demand and market growth including consumer electronics and transportation. A significant effort is focused on development of new chemistry of battery materials such as nickel-rich layered cathode and high capacity silicon anode.
Unlike recently reported solvent-free electrode manufacturing variants such as electrostatic spray coating1, dry powder painting2 and isothermal hot-pressing3, Maxwell Technologies unique heritage solvent-free dry electrode process4 used to commercialized Ultracapacitor electrodes can be adapted to existing lithium ion battery chemistries and advanced materials. Maxwell dry electrode manufacturing demonstrative benefits over conventional slurry wet coating process includes, (i)environmentally benign due to elimination of toxic solvent, (ii) lower cost by reducing capital and operating expenditures, resulting from elimination of solvent recovery and recycling system, (iii) improved energy and power density afforded by unique dense high loading electrode microstructures.
Maxwell Technologies has applied its proprietary dry electrode process to produced lithium ion battery cathode and anode electrode with unparalleled energy density and enhance cycle life over conventional wet coated electrodes. We have demonstrated dry robust process capability, incorporating current and advanced chemistries such as graphite, silicon, metal alloy, and nickel-rich layered transition metal oxides. In addition, we have demonstrated roll-to-roll dry process scalability using common and advanced battery material chemistries.
This paper presents physical properties of self-supporting dry electrode film and electrochemical performance of dry battery electrode in half cell and full cell. We will share electrochemical performance of dry battery electrode produced at the lab-level and pilot-level in single layer pouch cell as well as multilayer stacked pouch cell platform with capacity raging from about 200mAh to about 15Ah.
References:

Al-Shroofy, M.; Zhang, Q.; Xu, J.; Chen, T. Kaur, A.P.; Cheng, Y., J. Power Sources, 2017, 352, 187-193

Ludwig, B.; Zheng, Z.; Shou, W.; Wang, Y.; Pan, H., Scientific Reports, 2016, 1-10

Park, D., Ca~nas, N.A.; Wagner, N.; Friedrich, K.A., J. Power Sources, 2016, 306, 758-763

Duong, H.; Suszko, A.; Feigenbaum, H., 229th ECS meeting, May 29-June 6, 2016, Abstr. #475