bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy and COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Jee Justin , Foote Michael B. , Lumish Melissa , Stonestrom Aaron J. , Wills Beatriz , Narendra Varun , Avutu Viswatej , Murciano-Goroff Yonina R. , Chan Jason E. , Derkach Andriy , Philip John , Belenkaya Rimma , Kerpelev Marina , Maloy Molly , Watson Adam , Fong Chris , Janjigian Yelena , Diaz Luis A. , Bolton Kelly L. , Pessin Melissa S. 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSECoronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) mortality is higher in patients with cancer than in the general population, yet the cancer-associated risk factors for COVID-19 adverse outcomes are not fully characterized.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe reviewed clinical characteristics and outcomes from patients with cancer and concurrent COVID-19 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center until March 31, 2020 (n = 309), and observed clinical end points until April 13, 2020. We hypothesized that cytotoxic chemotherapy administered within 35 days of a COVID-19 diagnosis is associated with an increased hazard ratio (HR) of severe or critical COVID-19. In secondary analyses, we estimated associations between specific clinical and laboratory variables and the incidence of a severe or critical COVID-19 event.RESULTSCytotoxic chemotherapy administration was not significantly associated with a severe or critical COVID-19 event (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.60). Hematologic malignancy was associated with increased COVID-19 severity (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.80). Patients with lung cancer also demonstrated higher rates of severe or critical COVID-19 events (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.20 to 3.30). Lymphopenia at COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with higher rates of severe or critical illness (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.50 to 3.10). Patients with baseline neutropenia 14-90 days before COVID-19 diagnosis had worse outcomes (HR, 4.20; 95% CI, 1.70 to 11.00). Findings from these analyses remained consistent in a multivariable model and in multiple sensitivity analyses. The rate of adverse events was lower in a time-matched population of patients with cancer without COVID-19.CONCLUSIONRecent cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment was not associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Patients with active hematologic or lung malignancies, peri–COVID-19 lymphopenia, or baseline neutropenia had worse COVID-19 outcomes. Interactions among antineoplastic therapy, cancer type, and COVID-19 are complex and warrant further investigation.
SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Patients With Cancer Treated at a Tertiary Care Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Berghoff Anna S. , Gansterer Margaretha , Bathke Arne C. , Trutschnig Wolfgang , Hungerländer Philipp , Berger Julia M. , Kreminger Judith , Starzer Angelika M. , Strassl Robert , Schmidt Ralf , Willschke Harald , Lamm Wolfgang , Raderer Markus , Gottlieb Alex D. , Mauser Norbert J. , Preusser Matthias 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE To analyze the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with cancer in hospital care after implementation of institutional and governmental safety measurements. METHODS Patients with cancer routinely tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by nasal swab and real-time polymerase chain reaction between March 21 and May 4, 2020, were included. The results of this cancer cohort were statistically compared with the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in the Austrian population as determined by a representative nationwide random sample study (control cohort 1) and a cohort of patients without cancer presenting to our hospital (control cohort 2). RESULTS A total of 1,688 SARS-CoV-2 tests in 1,016 consecutive patients with cancer were performed. A total of 270 of 1,016 (26.6%) of the patients were undergoing active anticancer treatment in a neoadjuvant/adjuvant and 560 of 1,016 (55.1%) in a palliative setting. A total of 53 of 1,016 (5.2%) patients self-reported symptoms potentially associated with COVID-19. In 4 of 1,016 (0.4%) patients, SARS-CoV-2 was detected. At the time of testing at our department, all four SARS-CoV-2–positive patients were asymptomatic, and two of them had recovered from symptomatic COVID-19. Viral clearance was achieved in three of the four patients 14-56 days after testing positive. The estimated odds ratio of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence between the cancer cohort and control cohort 1 was 1.013 (95% CI, 0.209 to 4.272; P = 1), and between control cohort 2 and the cancer cohort it was 18.333 (95% CI, 6.056 to 74.157). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that continuation of active anticancer therapy and follow-up visits in a large tertiary care hospital are feasible and safe after implementation of strict population-wide and institutional safety measures during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Routine SARS-CoV-2 testing of patients with cancer seems advisable to detect asymptomatic virus carriers and avoid uncontrolled viral spread.
Fertility Options for the Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Patient
Authors: Mayhew Allison C , Gomez-Lobo Veronica 
Published: August 2020

AbstractComprehensive care for transgender and gender nonbinary patients has been a priority established by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health. Because pubertal suppression, gender-affirming hormone therapy, and antiandrogen therapy used alone or in combination during medical transition can affect gonadal function, understanding the effects these treatments have on fertility potential is important for practitioners caring for transgender and gender nonbinary patients. In this review, we outline the impacts of gender-affirming treatments on fertility potential and discuss the counseling and the treatment approach for fertility preservation and/or family building in transgender and gender nonbinary individuals.
Endocrine Outcomes In Central Diabetes Insipidus: the Predictive Value of Neuroimaging “Mismatch Pattern”
Authors: Bianco Deborah , Napoli Flavia , Morana Giovanni , Pistorio Angela , Allegri Anna Elsa Maria , Fava Daniela , Schiavone Maurizio , Thiabat Hanan F , Crocco Marco , Camia Tiziana , Lezzi Marilea , Calandrino Andrea , Tortora Domenico , Severino Mariasavina , Patti Giuseppa , Ibba Anastasia , Rossi Andrea , Di Iorgi Natascia , Maghnie Mohamad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
The etiology of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) in children is often unknown. Clinical and radiological features at disease onset do not allow discrimination between idiopathic forms and other conditions or to predict anterior pituitary dysfunction.

Objective
To evaluate the evolution of pituitary stalk (PS) thickening and the pattern of contrast-enhancement in relation with etiological diagnosis and pituitary function.

Methods
We enrolled 39 children with CDI, 29 idiopathic and 10 with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Brain magnetic resonance images taken at admission and during follow-up (332 studies) were examined, focusing on PS thickness, contrast-enhancement pattern, and pituitary gland size; T2-DRIVE and postcontrast T1-weighted images were analyzed.

Results
Seventeen of 29 patients (58.6%) with idiopathic CDI displayed “mismatch pattern,” consisting in a discrepancy between PS thickness in T2-DRIVE and postcontrast T1-weighted images; neuroimaging findings became stable after its appearance, while “mismatch” appeared in LCH patients after chemotherapy. Patients with larger PS displayed mismatch more frequently (P = 0.003); in these patients, reduction of proximal and middle PS size was documented over time (P = 0.045 and P = 0.006). The pituitary gland was smaller in patients with mismatch (P &lt; 0.0001). Patients with mismatch presented more frequently with at least one pituitary hormone defect, more often growth hormone deficiency (P = 0.033).

Conclusions
The PS mismatch pattern characterizes patients with CDI, reduced pituitary gland size, and anterior pituitary dysfunction. The association of mismatch pattern with specific underlying conditions needs further investigation. As patients with mismatch show stabilization of PS size, we assume a prognostic role of this peculiar pattern, which could be used to lead follow-up.
Glucagonotropic and Glucagonostatic Effects of KATP Channel Closure and Potassium Depolarization
Authors: Früh Eike , Elgert Christin , Eggert Frank , Scherneck Stephan , Rustenbeck Ingo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe role of depolarization in the inverse glucose-dependence of glucagon secretion was investigated by comparing the effects of KATP channel block and of high potassium. The secretion of glucagon and insulin by perifused mouse islets was simultaneously measured. Lowering glucose raised glucagon secretion before it decreased insulin secretion, suggesting an alpha cell–intrinsic signal recognition. Raising glucose affected glucagon and insulin secretion at the same time. However, depolarization by tolbutamide, gliclazide, or 15 mM KCl increased insulin secretion before the glucagon secretion receded. In contrast to the robust depolarizing effect of arginine and KCl (15 and 40 mM) on single alpha cells, tolbutamide was of variable efficacy. Only when applied before other depolarizing agents had tolbutamide a consistent depolarizing effect and regularly increased the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. When tested on inside-out patches tolbutamide was as effective on alpha cells as on beta cells. In the presence of 1 µM clonidine, to separate insulinotropic from glucagonotropic effects, both 500 µM tolbutamide and 30 µM gliclazide increased glucagon secretion significantly, but transiently. The additional presence of 15 or 40 mM KCl in contrast led to a marked and lasting increase of the glucagon secretion. The glucagon secretion by SUR1 knockout islets was not increased by tolbutamide, whereas 40 mM KCl was of unchanged efficiency. In conclusion a strong and sustained depolarization is compatible with a marked and lasting glucagon secretion. KATP channel closure in alpha cells is less readily achieved than in beta cells, which may explain the moderate and transient glucagonotropic effect.
let-7 miRNAs inhibit CHD7 expression and control auditory-sensory progenitor cell behavior in the developing inner ear
Authors: Evsen Lale , Li Xiaojun , Zhang Shuran , Razin Sharjil , Doetzlhofer Angelika 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The evolutionarily conserved lethal-7 (let-7) microRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known activators of proliferative quiescence and terminal differentiation. However, in the murine auditory organ, let-7g overexpression delays the differentiation of mechano-sensory hair cells (HCs). To address whether the role of let-7 in auditory-sensory differentiation is conserved among vertebrates, we manipulated let-7 levels within the chicken auditory organ: the basilar papilla. Using a let-7 sponge construct to sequester let-7 miRNAs, we found that endogenous let-7 miRNAs are essential for limiting the self-renewal of HC progenitor cells. Furthermore, let-7b overexpression experiments revealed that, similar to mice, higher than normal let-7 levels slow/delay HC differentiation. Finally, we identify CHD7, a chromatin remodeler, as a candidate for mediating the repressive function of let-7 in HC differentiation and inner ear morphogenesis. Our analysis uncovered an evolutionarily conserved let-7-5p-binding site within the chicken Chd7 gene and its human and murine homologs, and we show that let-7g overexpression in mice limits CHD7 expression in the developing inner ear, retina and brain. Haploinsufficiency of CHD7 in humans causes CHARGE syndrome and attenuation of let-7 function may be an effective method for treating CHD7 deficiency.
Disturbed nitric oxide signalling gives rise to congenital bicuspid aortic valve and aortopathy
Authors: Peterson Joshua C. , Wisse Lambertus J. , Wirokromo Valerie , van Herwaarden Tessa , Smits Anke M. , Gittenberger-de Groot Adriana C. , Goumans Marie-José T. H. , VanMunsteren J. Conny , Jongbloed Monique R. M. , DeRuiter Marco C. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Patients with a congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), a valve with two instead of three aortic leaflets, have an increased risk of developing thoracic aneurysms and aortic dissection. The mechanisms underlying BAV-associated aortopathy are poorly understood. This study examined BAV-associated aortopathy in Nos3−/− mice, a model with congenital BAV formation. A combination of histological examination and in vivo ultrasound imaging was used to investigate aortic dilation and dissections in Nos3−/− mice. Moreover, cell lineage analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing were used to observe the molecular anomalies within vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of Nos3−/− mice. Spontaneous aortic dissections were found in ascending aortas located at the sinotubular junction in ∼13% of Nos3−/− mice. Moreover, Nos3−/− mice were prone to developing aortic dilations in the proximal and distal ascending aorta during early adulthood. Lower volumes of elastic fibres were found within vessel walls of the ascending aortas of Nos3−/− mice, as well as incomplete coverage of the aortic inner media by neural crest cell (NCC)-derived VSMCs. VSMCs of Nos3−/− mice showed downregulation of 15 genes, of which seven were associated with aortic aneurysms and dissections in the human population. Elastin mRNA was most markedly downregulated, followed by fibulin-5 expression, both primary components of elastic fibres. This study demonstrates that, in addition to congenital BAV formation, disrupted endothelial-mediated nitric oxide (NO) signalling in Nos3−/− mice also causes aortic dilation and dissection, as a consequence of inhibited elastic fibre formation in VSMCs within the ascending aorta.
Science during lockdown – from virtual seminars to sustainable online communities
Authors: Bottanelli Francesca , Cadot Bruno , Campelo Felix , Curran Scott , Davidson Patricia M. , Dey Gautam , Raote Ishier , Straube Anne , Swaffer Matthew P. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted traditional modes of scientific communication. In-person conferences and seminars have been cancelled and most scientists around the world have been confined to their homes. Although challenging, this situation has presented an opportunity to adopt new ways to communicate science and build scientific relationships within a digital environment, thereby reducing the environmental impact and increasing the inclusivity of scientific events. As a group of researchers who have recently created online seminar series for our respective research communities, we have come together to share our experiences and insights. Only a few weeks into this process, and often learning ‘on the job’, we have collectively encountered different problems and solutions. Here, we share our advice on formats and tools, security concerns, spreading the word to your community and creating a diverse, inclusive and collegial space online. We hope our experience will help others launch their own online initiatives, helping to shape the future of scientific communication as we move past the current crisis.
Diffusion rather than intraflagellar transport likely provides most of the tubulin required for axonemal assembly in Chlamydomonas
Authors: Craft Van De Weghe Julie , Harris J. Aaron , Kubo Tomohiro , Witman George B. , Lechtreck Karl F. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Tubulin enters the cilium by diffusion and motor-based intraflagellar transport (IFT). However, the respective contribution of each route in providing tubulin for axonemal assembly remains unknown. Using Chlamydomonas, we attenuated IFT-based tubulin transport of GFP–β-tubulin by altering the IFT74N–IFT81N tubulin-binding module and the C-terminal E-hook of tubulin. E-hook-deficient GFP–β-tubulin was incorporated into the axonemal microtubules, but its transport frequency by IFT was reduced by ∼90% in control cells and essentially abolished when the tubulin-binding site of IFT81 was incapacitated. Despite the strong reduction in IFT, the proportion of E-hook-deficient GFP–β-tubulin in the axoneme was only moderately reduced. In vivo imaging showed more GFP–β-tubulin particles entering cilia by diffusion than by IFT. Extrapolated to endogenous tubulin, the data indicate that diffusion provides most of the tubulin required for axonemal assembly. We propose that IFT of tubulin is nevertheless needed for ciliogenesis, because it augments the tubulin pool supplied to the ciliary tip by diffusion, thus ensuring that free tubulin there is maintained at the critical concentration for plus-end microtubule assembly during rapid ciliary growth.
Effects of healthcare policy and education on reading accuracy of bitewing radiographs for interproximal caries
Authors: Sato Hiroki , Da Silva John D , Lee Cliff , Yonemoto Hisashi , Kuwajima Yukinori , Ohyama Hiroe , Lambert Robert Fredrick , Izumisawa Mitsuru , Takahashi Noriaki , Nagai Shigemi 
Published: August 2020

Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of bitewing radiograph interpretation of predoctoral students, residents and general dentists who work under different core curriculum of dental education and healthcare policy. Methods A total of 118 examiners including predoctoral dental students, residents and general dentists from USA and Japan were tasked with evaluating a series of bitewing radiographs and diagnosing interproximal carious lesions. This study was approved by the Harvard Medical School Institutional Review Board (IRB). Participants graded interproximal aspects of those images and categorized the following criteria; “intact”, “enamel caries <1/2 width”, “enamel caries >1/2 width” or “caries into dentin”. The gold-standard was determined by the consensus of two HSDM full-time faculty. Results There was significant difference in the sensitivity for all three caries levels between the two groups but there was no significant difference on specificity. The positive-predictive and negative-predictive values of the USA group for the enamel caries (<1/2 of enamel) were significantly higher than the Japanese group. The average of AUC (ROC) was significantly higher in the USA group (0.885 ± 0.04) than the Japanese group (0.785 ± 0.08, p<0.01). Conclusion Teaching and adopting BW radiographs for diagnosis of interproximal caries is integral for dental providers to accurately and efficiently use them in their practices. It is critical that all dental educators approach policymakers to explain the importance of BW radiographs and promote their efficacy for prevention and early diagnosis of interproximal caries.
A randomized controlled clinical trial of carbohydrate mix-fortified nutrition in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Eliana Fatimah , Pranoto Budi Agung 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND Liquid meal replacement nutrition (LMRN) contains low glycemic index food (isomaltulose, resistant dextrin, and inulin), which can decrease large blood glucose level fluctuations and reduce food intake. This study aimed to determine the stability of daily blood glucose and the level of appetite sensations after intake of LMRN in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.
METHODS This randomized, controlled, crossover, and open-labeled study included 30 subjects with type 2 DM. Subjects attended two visit sessions to consume either LMRN or controlled-nutrition solid food (CNSF) for 4 consecutive days. Each subject had 2 days of 24-hour periods of blood glucose measurement using a continuous glucose monitoring system and had a 1-week washout period. Glycemic response (GR) and incremental area under the curve (iAUC) were calculated. The satiety level was measured using a visual analog scale.
RESULTS After 48 hours, LMRN reduced GR compared with CNSF with glucose measurements of 13.72 (30.42) and 17.47 (36.38) mg/dl, respectively. The reduction on iAUC after consuming LMRN (36,891 [30,255.8] mg.min/dl) compared with CNSF (40,641 [38,798.9] mg.min/dl) was also noted. Subjects having LMRN felt less hungry and more satiated than those consuming CNSF. The administration of LMRN does not have any serious side effects.
CONCLUSIONS LMRN provides a greater reduction of GR and longer term of satiety compared with CNSF without causing any serious side effects.
3D waveguide element fabrication in Gorilla glass by an ultrafast laser
Authors: Lv Jing , Wang Kedian , Cheng Guanghua 
Published: August 2020

Waveguide fabrication with an ultrafast laser system and the mechanism of index modification have been investigated in Corning Gorilla glass. Type I waveguides were obtained when the pulse duration was in the range of 250 fs to 15 ps. With the increase of pulse energy, single-mode waveguides converted to ring-mode waveguides. The variation tendency of Raman peak at

580

c
m

−
1

band is nonmonotonic with the increase of pulse energy, and the negative index change appears finally in the waveguide core. The alkali ions migrated towards the outside with different diffusivities after the laser irradiation. Finally, bend waveguides and hexagon-link waveguide connectors were produced.
White-light-driven resonant fiber-optic strain sensor
Authors: Zhao Shuangxiang , Liu Qingwen , He Zuyuan 
Published: August 2020

Recently, laser-driven resonant fiber-optic sensors (FOSs) have been reported to reach the ultimate resolution limit, set by the thermal noise in fiber. However, they are still far away from commercialization because of their dependence on expensive and ultra-narrow-linewidth lasers. In this Letter, a white-light-driven resonant FOS is proposed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. By using the white-light multi-beam interferometry, the resonant peaks of a fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer sensor are obtained, and the resonance drifts are tracked for sensor readout by using the Pound–Drever–Hall technique. The proposed FOS is adopted for strain measurement, and the achieved strain resolution (

0.9

p

ε

/

√

H
z

at 100 Hz) is comparable with that of laser-driven FOSs.
TE/TM-pass polarizers based on lateral leakage in a thin film lithium niobate–silicon nitride hybrid platform
Authors: Liu Yang , Huang Xingrui , Li Zezheng , Kuang Yingxin , Guan Huan , Wei Qingquan , Fan Zhongchao , Li Zhiyong 
Published: August 2020

TE/TM-pass polarizers based on the lithium niobate–silicon nitride
hybrid platform are numerically proposed for the first time, to the
best of our knowledge. By utilizing the lateral leakage of a shallowly
etched rib waveguide, 1-mm-long TE/TM-pass polarizers with high
extinction ratios of 28.72/24.03 dB are obtained. Because of the
anisotropy of the lithium niobate, the lateral leakage of TE/TM
polarization modes can occur along crystallographic

z

/

y

directions, respectively. Such
TE/TM-pass polarizers can be integrated in the same wafer.
Fast and wide-band tuning single-mode microlaser based on fiber Fabry–Pérot microcavities
Authors: Gao Xin-Xia , Cui Jin-Ming , Hu Zhi-Hao , Dong Chun-Hua , Wang Jian , Huang Yun-Feng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: August 2020

A narrow-linewidth laser operating at the telecommunications band combined with both fast and wide-band tuning features will have promising applications. Here we demonstrate a single-mode (both transverse and longitudinal mode) continuous microlaser around 1535 nm based on a fiber Fabry–Pérot microcavity, which achieves wide-band tuning without mode hopping to the 1.3 THz range and fast tuning rate to 60 kHz and yields a frequency scan rate of

1.6
×

10

17

Hz
/
s

. Moreover, the linewidth of the laser is measured as narrow as 3.1 MHz. As the microlaser combines all these features into one fiber component, it can serve as the seed laser for versatile applications in optical communication, sensing, frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar, and high-resolution imaging.