bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the treatment with dapagliflozin and metformin compared to metformin monotherapy for weight loss in patients with class III obesity: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ferreira-Hermosillo Aldo , Molina-Ayala Mario Antonio , Molina-Guerrero Diana , Garrido-Mendoza Ana Pamela , Ramírez-Rentería Claudia , Mendoza-Zubieta Victoria , Espinosa Etual , Mercado Moisés 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Mexico has one of the highest prevalence rates of obesity worldwide. New pharmacological strategies that focus on people with class III obesity are required. Metformin and dapagliflozin are two drugs approved for the treatment of diabetes. Beyond its effects on glucose, metformin has been suggested by some studies to result in weight loss. Therapy with dapagliflozin is associated with a mild but sustained weight loss in patients with diabetes.
The primary outcome of the study is to determine if the combined treatment with dapagliflozin and metformin is more effective than monotherapy with metformin for weight loss in patients with class III obesity and prediabetes or diabetes who are awaiting bariatric surgery (including those patients who do have surgery). We also aimed to assess the effect of this combined treatment on waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, and inflammatory cytokines.

Methods
This randomized phase IV clinical trial will include patients with diabetes or prediabetes who are between the ages of 18 and 60 years and exhibit grade III obesity (defined as body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2). Patients using insulin will be excluded. Subjects will be randomized to one of two groups as follows: 1) metformin tablets 850 mg PO bid or 2) metformin tablets 850 mg PO bid plus dapagliflozin tablets 10 mg PO qd. The sample size required is 108 patients, which allows for a 20% dropout rate: 54 patients in the metformin group and 54 in the metformin/dapagliflozin group. All participants will receive personalized nutritional advice during the study. A run-in period of one month will be used to assess tolerance and adherence to treatment regimens. Anthropometric and biochemical variables will be recorded at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. A serum sample to determine glucagon, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, interleukin 6, and interleukin 10 will be collected at baseline and before surgery, or at 12 months (whatever happens first).
Adherence to treatment and adverse and secondary events will be recorded throughout the study. An intention-to-treat analysis will be used.

Discussion
Forty-six percent of the patients in our Obesity Clinic have been diagnosed with prediabetes (32%) or diabetes (14%). The use of dapagliflozin in this population could improve weight loss and other cardiovascular factors. This effect could be translated into less time before undergoing bariatric surgery and better control of associated comorbidities.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT03968224. Retrospectively registered on May 29, 2019.
Decentralized and permission-less green energy certificates with GECKO
Authors: Knirsch Fabian , Brunner Clemens , Unterweger Andreas , Engel Dominik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA growing demand in sustainable energy harvested from renewable resources, such as wind or solar power, leads to new challenges in the electricity grid, which in future is also referred to as the smart grid. This also reflects in a more decentralized and diverse energy market. In such a market, prices do not only depend on production and demand, but also the source of energy production influences the price. In this paper, we present a decentralized and permission-less system for issuing, receiving and verifying Green Energy Certificates for kWh Ownership (GECKO) similar to the established Renewable Energy Certificates or Green Tags. These certificates allow to create a market for renewable energy. While the established system is designed for the wholesale market and does not allow for decentralized and permission-less verification, the proposed system is built on a blockchain-based approach and allows for the management and transfer of certificates. In our exemplary use case, Distribution System Operators (DSO) act as certification authority for privately or community owned power plants in regional energy markets. Customers can easily verify the integrity of such certificates without relying on a trusted third party or escrow service.
Biochemical characterization of micropropagated Ceratonia siliqua L. under effect of growth regulators and light quality
Authors: Sayed Sawsan S. , Gabr A. M. M. , Amin Mona A. , Taha Lobna S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is one of the important crops in terms of nutritional and medicinal value in the countries of Western Asia and North Africa. Despite the fact that some countries have used Carob in traditional medicines, the modern food industry began to discover the great potential of this plant which differentiates with antioxidant capacity as well as other important medicinal activities. Some of very few studies that have been reported on this important plant were published.

Methodology
In the present study, micropropagation behavior and biochemical constituents of Ceratonia siliqua L. cultured on MS medium supplemented with different types and concentrations of cytokinins (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/l BA, Kin, or TDZ and 0.2 mg/l NAA) under various light qualities ((white, green, blue, red, and yellow) were examined.

Results
MS culture medium supplemented with BA produced the highest shootlets number/explants. For light quality, the data showed that green light increased shootlet number/explants, fresh and dry weights. However, yellow light increased shootlet length and leaves number and also caused significant increase in total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH) as compared to other lights. HPLC analysis showed that yellow light caused the highest accumulation of total phenolic and catechin that were the highest accumulated compounds (509 μg/ml) followed by that were accumulated under green light (412.68 μg/ml). Shootlets grown under white light (control) gave the highest accumulation of p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, and cinnamic acid. Shootlets grown under blue light gave the highest accumulation of gentisic acid and syringic acid. Red light caused the highest accumulation of vanillic acid. However, white light accumulated the highest amount of flavonoid compounds comparing with other light qualities.

Conclusion
This study had reached to optimize a suitable micropropagation protocol of Ceratonia siliqua L. and characterization of biochemical constituents that can be beneficial for increasing its medical value which will help in food industries for commercial purposes.
Sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs in a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate system in the Qinhuangdao area, Bohai Sea, China
Authors: Xue Yongan , Niu Chengmin , Xu Wei , Pang Xiaojun , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2020

Mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments occur broadly in modern and ancient systems. Studies on mixing processes began in shallow shelf environments; however, the genetic model of marine mixed sediments is difficult to apply to continental rift basins due to the complex palaeogeographic environment. We identified three mixing types in the first and second members of the Palaeogene Shahejie Formation (E2s1–2) in the Qinhuangdao area of the Bohai Sea: (1) mixed fan delta, (2) retrogradation mixed sheet, and (3) mixed sheet without siliciclastic influx. Tectonic stability, arid climate, and saline lakes are prerequisite conditions for the development of mixed sediments, whereas the palaeogeomorphologic unit should be the critical factor. We also concluded that the primary sedimentary material contains near-source coarse terrestrial debris, and the advantageous lithologic facies producing biological components are the foundation for high-quality mixed reservoirs, which are characterized by thick layers and favorable porosities and permeabilities. The micritic coatings and early dolomitization against the background of a saline lake environment favored the preservation of primary pores, whereas the leaching by atmospheric water and organic acid erosion during thermal evolution of the source rock created many secondary pores. In addition, hydrocarbon charging protected the reservoir space from carbonate cementation.
Antitumor Activity and Safety of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Patients With HER2-Low–Expressing Advanced Breast Cancer: Results From a Phase Ib Study
Authors: Modi Shanu , Park Haeseong , Murthy Rashmi K. , Iwata Hiroji , Tamura Kenji , Tsurutani Junji , Moreno-Aspitia Alvaro , Doi Toshihiko , Sagara Yasuaki , Redfern Charles , Krop Ian E. , Lee Caleb , Fujisaki Yoshihiko , Sugihara Masahiro , Zhang Lin , Shahidi Javad , Takahashi Shunji 
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd, formerly DS-8201a) is a novel human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted antibody drug conjugate (ADC) with a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. A dose escalation and expansion phase I study evaluated the safety and activity of T-DXd in patients with advanced HER2-expressing/mutated solid tumors. Here, results for T-DXd at the recommended doses for expansion (RDE) in patients with HER2-low (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 1+ or IHC 2+/in situ hybridization−) breast cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02564900 ) are reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients had advanced/metastatic HER2-low–expressing breast cancer refractory to standard therapies. The RDE of 5.4 or 6.4 mg/kg T-DXd were administered intravenously once every 3 weeks until withdrawal of consent, unacceptable toxicity, or progressive disease. Antitumor activity and safety were assessed. RESULTS Between August 2016 and August 2018, 54 patients were enrolled and received ≥ 1 dose of T-DXd at the RDE. Patients were extensively pretreated (median, 7.5 prior therapies). The confirmed objective response rate by independent central review was 20/54 (37.0%; 95% CI, 24.3% to 51.3%) with median duration of response of 10.4 months (95% CI, 8.8 month to not evaluable). Most patients (53/54; 98.1%) experienced ≥ 1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE; grade ≥ 3; 34/54; 63.0%). Common (≥ 5%) grade ≥ 3 TEAEs included decreases in neutrophil, platelet, and WBC counts; anemia; hypokalemia; AST increase; decreased appetite; and diarrhea. Three patients treated at 6.4 mg/kg suffered fatal events associated with T-DXd–induced interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis as determined by an independent adjudication committee. CONCLUSION The novel HER2-targeted ADC, T-DXd, demonstrated promising preliminary antitumor activity in patients with HER2-low breast cancer. Most toxicities were GI or hematologic in nature. ILD is an important identified risk and should be monitored closely and proactively managed.
Management of Male Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Hassett Michael J. , Somerfield Mark R. , Baker Elisha R. , Cardoso Fatima , Kansal Kari J. , Kwait Dylan C. , Plichta Jennifer K. , Ricker Charité , Roshal Anna , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Safer Joshua D. , Van Poznak Catherine , Yung Rachel L. , Giordano Sharon H. 
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE To develop recommendations concerning the management of male breast cancer. METHODS ASCO convened an Expert Panel to develop recommendations based on a systematic review and a formal consensus process. RESULTS Twenty-six descriptive reports or observational studies met eligibility criteria and formed the evidentiary basis for the recommendations. RECOMMENDATIONS Many of the management approaches used for men with breast cancer are like those used for women. Men with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer who are candidates for adjuvant endocrine therapy should be offered tamoxifen for an initial duration of five years; those with a contraindication to tamoxifen may be offered a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist plus aromatase inhibitor. Men who have completed five years of tamoxifen, have tolerated therapy, and still have a high risk of recurrence may be offered an additional five years of therapy. Men with early-stage disease should not be treated with bone-modifying agents to prevent recurrence, but could still receive these agents to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Men with advanced or metastatic disease should be offered endocrine therapy as first-line therapy, except in cases of visceral crisis or rapidly progressive disease. Targeted systemic therapy may be used to treat advanced or metastatic cancer using the same indications and combinations offered to women. Ipsilateral annual mammogram should be offered to men with a history of breast cancer treated with lumpectomy regardless of genetic predisposition; contralateral annual mammogram may be offered to men with a history of breast cancer and a genetic predisposing mutation. Breast magnetic resonance imaging is not recommended routinely. Genetic counseling and germline genetic testing of cancer predisposition genes should be offered to all men with breast cancer.
Many-body localization in generalized Kondo lattice with disorder
Authors: Cao Ye , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study the many-body localization transition in a one-dimensional generalized Kondo lattice, where a one-dimensional Hubbard chain with disordered spin-orbit coupling interacts with a fixed impurity of spin

. Using exact diagonalization, we characterize the many-body localized transition with entanglement entropy and energy spectrum distribution. We find that although the subsystem of the impurity is free of disorder, it can still be localized in the spin space by the coupling with the Hubbard chain. We also investigate the out-of-time-order correlation in the many-body localized phase, and find distinctive features in comparison to either the thermal state or the Anderson localized state. Our scheme can be realized in experiments with ultracold fermions of alkaline-earth–like atoms near an orbital Feshbach resonance.
Room-Temperature Activation of Methane and Direct Formations of Acetic Acid and Methanol on Zn-ZSM-5 Zeolite: A Mechanistic DFT Study
Authors: Mahyuddin Muhammad Haris , Tanaka Seiya , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Zn-ZSM-5 zeolite is a promising catalyst that activates methane at room temperature without the need of a high-temperature pre-oxidation step, which is required for Fe- and Cu-ZSM-5 to form Fe- and Cu-oxo active sites. While two distinct structures of Zn active site, namely [Zn–O–Zn]2+ and Zn2+, were experimentally proposed, the mechanism of how the C–H bond of methane is cleaved is still an intense debate. In addition, the mechanism for moderate-temperature formation of acetic acid by CO2 insertion to the CH4-reacted Zn-ZSM-5 is unclear and the possibility of methanol formation in the presence of an oxidant has never been explored. In the present study, we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the periodic structure of Zn-ZSM-5 zeolite to investigate and clarify these issues. We found that the C–H bond of methane is preferably cleaved on the mononuclear Zn2+ active site through a heterolytic, non-radical mechanism, where the resultant CH3 is bound to the Zn center (Zn–CH3) in the closed-shell singlet state. A good agreement with the reported experimental C–H activation barrier is achieved and plausible mechanisms for the CO2 insertion to and N2O decomposition on the Zn–CH3 bond forming acetic acid and methanol, respectively, are discussed. This study provides a theoretical prediction of an alternative metal-exchanged zeolite catalyst for the low-temperature continuous process of methane selective oxidation to methanol.
The Impact of Pairing a Wearable Movement Tracker with an Online Community Weight Loss Intervention
Authors: Wilson Kathryn E. , Harden Samantha M. , Kleppe Lia , McGuire Todd , Estabrooks Paul A. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Evidence supports the use of technology-supported multicomponent interventions for promoting weight loss. Many such programs include the opportunity to synchronously pair commercially available physical activity trackers (PA-T) with a goal to enhance weight loss outcomes. However, little is known about the reach and effectiveness of allowing participants to pair a PA-T within an existing online program. This matched cohort, quasiexperimental study aimed to determine 1) the proportion of participants that pair a PA-T to the existing program; 2) the representativeness of participants who pair a PA-T; 3) the relationship between pairing a PA-T, overall weight loss, and the likelihood of achieving a clinically meaningful weight loss; and 4) if pairing a PA-T with program participation is related to weight loss outcomes independently or collectively when considering other indices of program engagement. Data collected over a 4-yr period included demographic self-report, objective weight data uploaded when participants weighed themselves at a self-serve program kiosk available to the community, and program engagement data (e.g., logins to program website). A range of analyses, including descriptive proportions, analyses of variance, and path analyses, were used to address the purposes of the study. Participants who paired a PA-T were more likely to be women (P < 0.001), African American (P < 0.001), and have a higher BMI (P < 0.05). Those who paired a PA-T lost on average an extra 1% body weight and were 1.4 times more likely to lose 5% body weight. Pairing a PA-T was related to other indices of online program engagement and both directly and indirectly contributed to weight loss outcomes (P < 0.05). Pairing a PA-T within an online weight loss program appeals to groups that experience disparities related to obesity and predicts improvements in weight loss. More translational studies are needed to examine the role of personal psychosocial and environmental factors that may enhance or diminish the benefit of pairing a PA-T to evidence-based, online weight loss programs.
Evaluation of radiotherapy combined with targeted therapy and concurrent radiotherapy, chemotherapy in the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with brain metastasis
Authors: Sun Yanfeng , Guo Xiaohui , Zhang Lingling , Zhang Wenqian , Zuo Yuqin 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To compare and analyze the clinical efficacy of brain radiotherapy combined with targeted therapy and concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastasis.
Methods: Fifty-eight patients with NSCLC with brain metastasis who were admitted to our hospital between October 2016 and October 2017 were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, 29 cases in each group. The control group was treated with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, while the observation group was treated with whole brain radiotherapy plus targeted therapy. The disease control rate, adverse reactions and survival condition were compared between the two groups.
Results: The disease control rate of the observation group was 68.97%, significantly higher than 41.38% of the control group (P<0.05); the total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 6.90%, significantly lower than 24.14% of the control group (P<0.05); the median survival time of the observation group was (16.81±5.32) months, significantly longer than that of the control group ((9.76±3.25) months). The one-year and two-year survival rates in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Whole brain radiotherapy combined with targeted therapy is superior to concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC with brain metastasis and has high safety. It can effectively prolong the life span of patients and is worth clinical promotion and application.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1626
How to cite this:Sun Y, Guo X, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zuo Y. Evaluation of radiotherapy combined with targeted therapy and concurrent radiotherapy, chemotherapy in the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with brain metastasis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):322-326. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1626
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Chiral symmetries in nuclear physics
Authors: Zschiesche D. , Papazoglou P. , Schramm S. , Beckmann W. Ch. , Schaffner-Bielich J. , Stöcker H. , Greiner W. 
Published: February 2020

In this report the theoretical concepts of a chirally symmetric meson field theory are reviewed and an overview of the most relevant applications in nuclear physics is given. This includes a unified description of the vacuum properties of hadrons, finite nuclei and hot, dense and strange nuclear matter in an extended chiral SU(3)_L x SU(3)_R σ-ω model.
Coparenting and Child Outcomes in Families of Children Previously Identified With Developmental Delay
Authors: Rosencrans Margaret , McIntyre Laura Lee 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe current study explored cross-sectional relations between coparenting quality and child problem behaviors, as measured by parent report and direct observation, in families of school-aged children previously identified with a developmental delay in early childhood. Parents' reports of difficulty with coparenting problems predicted child problem behaviors. For primary caregivers, parenting self-efficacy mediated the relation between coparenting quality and problem behaviors. Observed undermining behavior significantly positively predicted child appropriate behavior across specific tasks and observed partner support behavior significantly negatively predicted child appropriate behavior across specific tasks. Discussion focuses on the clinical significance of these findings and future research directions.
Advancing Knowledge of Down Syndrome Brain Development and Function With Human Stem Cells
Authors: Bhattacharyya Anita 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Our bodies are made up of over 250 specific cell types, and all initially arise from stem cells during embryonic development. Stem cells have two characteristics that make them unique: (1) they are pluripotent, meaning that they can differentiate into all cell types of the body, and (2) they are capable of self-renewal to generate more of themselves and are thus able to populate an organism. Human pluripotent stem cells were first isolated from human embryos twenty years ago (Thomson et al., 1998) and more recently, technology to reprogram somatic cells, such as skin and blood, to induced pluripotent stem cells has emerged (Park et al., 2008; Takahashi et al., 2007; Yu et al., 2007). Induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPSCs, are particularly valuable as disease specific iPSCs can be generated from individuals with specific genetic mutations diseases. Researchers have harnessed the power of stem cells to understand many aspects of developmental biology in model organisms (e.g. worms, mice) and more recently, in humans. Human stem cells in culture recapitulate development. For example, formation of the brain occurs prenatally and follows a specific pattern of timing and cell generation. Human stem cells in the culture dish follow a similar pattern when exposed to developmental cues and can thus be used to understand aspects of prenatal human brain development that are not accessible by other means. Disease-specific iPSCs are a valuable tool to model neural development in specific neurodevelopmental disorders like Down syndrome. Down syndrome is a classic developmental disorder; mistakes that are made during development of a particular organ system result in the characteristics of the disorder. In the brain, mistakes during prenatal brain development lead to intellectual disability. Trisomy 21 (Ts21) iPSCs generated from somatic cells of Down syndrome individuals may enable us to understand the mistakes made during Down syndrome brain development.