bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of dysphagia in the patient with head and neck cancer during COVID‐19 pandemic: Practical strategy
Authors: Ku Peter K. M. , Holsinger Floyd Christopher , Chan Jason Y. K. , Yeung Zenon W. C. , Chan Becky Y. T. , Tong Michael C. F. , Starmer Heather M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe global pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has tremendously altered routine medical service provision and imposed unprecedented challenges to the health care system. This impacts patients with dysphagia complications caused by head and neck cancers. As this pandemic of COVID‐19 may last longer than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, a practical workflow for managing dysphagia is crucial to ensure a safe and efficient practice to patients and health care personnel. This document provides clinical practice guidelines based on available evidence to date to balance the risks of SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure with the risks associated with dysphagia. Critical considerations include reserving instrumental assessments for urgent cases only, optimizing the noninstrumental swallowing evaluation, appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and use of telehealth when appropriate. Despite significant limitations in clinical service provision during the pandemic of COVID‐19, a safe and reasonable dysphagia care pathway can still be implemented with modifications of setup and application of newer technologies.
Functional Comparison of Interferon‐α Subtypes Reveals Potent Hepatitis B Virus Suppression by a Concerted Action of Interferon‐α and Interferon‐γ Signaling
Authors: Chen Jieliang , Li Yaming , Lai Fritz , Wang Yang , Sutter Kathrin , Dittmer Ulf , Ye Jianyu , Zai Wenjing , Liu Min , Shen Fang , Wu Min , Hu Kongying , Li Baocun , Lu Mengji , Zhang Xiaonan , Zhang Jiming , Li Jianhua , Chen Qingfeng , Yuan Zhenghong 
Published: April 2020

Background and Aims
Interferon (IFN)‐α, composed of numerous subtypes, plays a crucial role in immune defense. As the most studied subtype, IFN‐α2 has been used for treating chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, with advantages of finite treatment duration and sustained virologic response, but its efficacy remains relatively low. This study aimed to screen for IFN‐α subtypes with the highest anti‐HBV potency and to characterize mechanisms of IFN‐α–mediated HBV restriction.

Approach and Results
Using cell culture–based HBV infection systems and a human‐liver chimeric mouse model, IFN‐α subtype–mediated antiviral response and signaling activation were comprehensively analyzed. IFN‐α14 was identified as the most effective subtype in suppression of HBV covalently closed circular DNA transcription and HBV e antigen/HBV surface antigen production, with median inhibitory concentration values approximately 100‐fold lower than those of the conventional IFN‐α2. IFN‐α14 alone elicited IFN‐α and IFN‐γ signaling crosstalk in a manner similar to the combined use of IFN‐α2 and IFN‐γ, inducing multiple potent antiviral effectors, which synergistically restricted HBV replication. Guanylate binding protein 5, one of the most differentially expressed genes between IFN‐α14–treated and IFN‐α2–treated liver cells, was identified as an HBV restriction factor. A strong IFN‐α–IFN‐α receptor subunit 1 interaction determines the anti‐HBV activity of IFN‐α. The in vivo anti‐HBV activity of IFN‐α14 and treatment‐related transcriptional patterns were further confirmed, and few adverse effects were observed.

Conclusions
A concerted IFN‐α and IFN‐γ response in liver, which could be efficiently elicited by IFN‐α subtype 14, is associated with potent HBV suppression. These data deepen the understanding of the divergent activities of IFN‐α subtypes and the mechanism underlying the synergism between IFN‐α and IFN‐γ signaling, with implications for improved IFN therapy and HBV curative strategies.
Front Cover: Photoacoustic imaging of the human placental vasculature (J. Biophotonics 4/2020)
Authors: Maneas Efthymios , Aughwane Rosalind , Huynh Nam , Xia Wenfeng , Ansari Rehman , Kuniyil Ajith Singh Mithun , Hutchinson J. Ciaran , Sebire Neil J. , Arthurs Owen J. , Deprest Jan , Ourselin Sebastien , Beard Paul C. , Melbourne Andrew , Vercauteren Tom , David Anna L. , Desjardins Adrien E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSuccessful therapy of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome requires accurate imaging to guide laser photocoagulation of the anastomosing placental vessels. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an alternative imaging method that provides contrast for hemoglobin, and in this study, it was used to visualize chorionic superficial and subsurface vasculature in human placentas. The strong potential of PA imaging to guide minimally invasive fetal therapies was demonstrated.Further details can be found in the article by Efthymios Maneas, Rosalind Aughwane, Nam Huynh, et al. (e201900167).
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Fetal adrenal gland: Total gland volume and fetal zone to total gland ratio as markers of small for gestational age
Authors: Sennaiyan Usha N. , Melov Sarah J. , Arcus Charles , Kirby Adrienne , Alahakoon Thushari I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeFetal adrenal gland changes have previously been investigated as novel markers of preterm labor and small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses. We aimed to compare the fetal adrenal gland parameters in SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted on SGA fetuses with estimated fetal weight (EFW) ≤10th centile and AGA (EFW >10th centile) at 17 to 34 weeks gestation. Fetal adrenal total gland volume (TGV), TGV corrected for EFW (cTGV), fetal zone volume (FZV), FZV corrected for EFW (cFZV), and FZV:TGV ratio were compared and correlated with gestational age and EFW. Receiver operator curves assessed FZV:TGV ratio, cTGV, and cFZV in detecting SGA.ResultsUltrasound examinations from 103 AGA and 50 SGA fetuses showed that (a) SGA fetuses had higher TGV (P = .002), FZV (P = .001), and FZV:TGV (P = .036) compared to AGA fetuses; (b) fetal adrenal TGV, FZV, cFZV, and FZV:TGV increase with advancing gestational age and EFW while cTGV does not; (c) Fetal adrenal changes in cTGV, cFZV, and FZV:TGV have ability to differentiate SGA; (d) FZV:TGV ratio 10 and 25 may be used to identify or exclude SGA in antenatally suspected SGA.ConclusionsWe investigated the concept that SGA fetuses have measurable changes to the adrenal gland. We have shown that fetal TGV, TGV, and FZV:TGV ratio show differences between AGA and SGA with TGV remaining significant after accounting for GA at scan. These findings may be useful as potential biomarkers for diagnosing or excluding SGA.
PTPN22 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abbasifard Mitra , Imani Danyal , Bagheri‐Hosseinabadi Zahra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral genome‐wide association studies have revealed a genetic background with respect to susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although several individual case–control studies have evaluated the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase non‐receptor 22 (PTPN22) gene rs2476601 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in conferring a risk for RA, the results have been conflicting. Hence, this meta‐analysis was aimed to provide a solution for this issue.MethodsTo search for studies assessing the association between the PTPN22 gene rs2476601 SNP and the risk of RA, a systematic search was conducted in the main databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, prior to December 2019. The odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the possibility of association risk.ResultsThe literature search identified 52 case–control studies. The pooled analysis detected significant positive association of rs2476601 in all genetic models, including dominant model (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.55–1.84, P < 0.001), recessive model (OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 2.06–3.05, P < 0.001), allelic model (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.60–2.2, P < 0.001), TT versus CC model (OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 2.28–3.41, P < 0.001) and CT versus CC model (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.50–1.67, P < 0.001). Analyses based on population stratification indicated that rs2476601 SNP strongly increased the risk of RA in Caucasians and Africans under all genotype models.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis reports that the PTPN22 gene rs2476601 SNP increases RA risk, especially in Caucasians and Africans.
Synthesis of antimicrobial agents of tetra‐substituted thiophenes from ethyl 5‐(2‐bromoacetyl)‐4‐phenyl‐2‐(phenylamino)thiophene‐3‐carboxylate
Authors: Alsayari Abdulrahman , Muhsinah Abdullatif Bin , Asiri Yahya I. , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Elbehairi Serag Eldin I. , Alatibi Fatima , El‐Sayed Nahed Nasser E. , Mabkhot Yahia N. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract5‐(2‐Bromoacetyl)‐2,3,4‐trisubstituted‐thiophene was used as a synthetic intermediate to prepare a series of thiophene derivatives and thiophene incorporating oxazole, imidazole, thiazole, pyrrole, and pyridine rings via substitution and cyclo‐condensation reactions. The data were extracted from the spectra of the resulting products confirmed their suggested structures. The newly synthesized compounds were screened to evaluate their in vitro antimicrobial activity vs several positive and negative gram bacteria and fungi. The screening data revealed that the thiophene derivative 7a, incorporating a thiazole ring, displayed strong activity against all tested microorganisms when compared with the antibiotics used.
Enhanced immunovirological response in women compared to men after antiretroviral therapy initiation during acute and early HIV‐1 infection: results from a longitudinal study in the French ANRS Primo cohort
Authors: Novelli Sophie , Delobel Pierre , Bouchaud Olivier , Avettand‐Fenoel Véronique , Fialaire Pascale , Cabié André , Souala Faouzi , Raffi François , Catalan Pilartxo , Weiss Laurence , Meyer Laurence , Goujard Cécile 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have reported better immunovirological characteristics in women compared with men after HIV seroconversion. We investigated whether differences persisted under long‐term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in individuals treated since acute and early HIV‐1 infection (AHI).MethodsData were obtained for 262 women and 1783 men enrolled between 1996 and 2017 in the French multicentre ANRS PRIMO cohort. We modelled the viral response, long‐term immune recovery and HIV DNA decay in the 143 women and 1126 men who initiated ART within the first three months of infection.ResultsThe participants were mostly white. The mean age was 37 years at AHI diagnosis. Pre‐ART viral loads were lower in women than men, 5.2 and 5.6 log10 copies/mL (p = 0.001). After ART initiation, women more rapidly achieved viral suppression than men (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.69). They also experienced a faster increase in CD4+ T‐cell count and CD4:CD8 ratio during the first months of treatment. Sex‐related differences in CD4+ T‐cell counts were more pronounced with increasing age. This led to a sustained mean difference of 99 to 168 CD4+ T‐cells/µL depending on age between women and men at 150 months of ART. Moreover, CD4:CD8 ratio of women was higher than that of men by 0.31, at 150 months of ART. There was no statistically significant difference between sexes for the levels of HIV DNA over time (mean estimate at the last modelling point: 1.9 log10 copies/106 PBMCs after 70 months of ART for both sexes).ConclusionsThe high level of immune recovery and decrease in total HIV DNA levels achieved after ART initiation during AHI reinforce the importance of early diagnosis of HIV infection and immediate ART initiation. The immunological benefit of being female increased throughout prolonged ART duration, which may give women additional protection from adverse clinical events and premature ageing.
Structural white matter alterations as compensatory mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies
Authors: Sanjari Moghaddam Hossein , Dolatshahi Mahsa , Mohebi Farnam , Aarabi Mohammad Hadi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCompensation is described as normal or near to normal performance in Parkinson's disease (PD), despite the ongoing neural loss. Functional compensation typically proceeds in an inverse U‐shaped manner: compensation initiates in the prodromal phase, followed by an increasing episode until plateauing and diminishes in the advanced stages of the disease. The first evidence of the structural compensation was reported by functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Recent studies, which have used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as the basis for their investigation, have shown improved white matter diffusional properties both in motor‐ and non‐motor‐related structures in association with improved clinical scores in patients with PD. The majority of DTI studies have demonstrated microstructural compensation in the prodromal/early stages of PD at the regional scale. However, there have been reports of compensation in later stages of the disease and the whole‐brain/network scale that are probably due to the heterogeneous nature of PD. Although serving as a promising beginning to characterize compensation, lots remain to be clarified in understanding the underlying mechanisms of compensation and its structural pattern in PD. The existing knowledge gap necessitates studies that their main research questions are focused on structural compensation. This requirement becomes more apparent because structural compensation evidence has mostly emerged from the post hoc analysis of data and incidental findings of studies. Thus, future studies are required to investigate compensatory microstructural changes in PD to clarify the exact underlying mechanisms. These studies would also provide a basis to develop clinical improvements in the early diagnosis and management of PD.
Sex/gender differences in brain function and structure in alcohol use: A narrative review of neuroimaging findings over the last 10 years
Authors: Verplaetse Terril L. , Cosgrove Kelly P. , Tanabe Jody , McKee Sherry A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOver the last 10 years, rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have increased in women by 84% relative to a 35% increase in men. Rates of alcohol use and high‐risk drinking have also increased in women by 16% and 58% relative to a 7% and 16% increase in men, respectively, over the last decade. This robust increase in drinking among women highlights the critical need to identify the underlying neural mechanisms that may contribute to problematic alcohol consumption across sex/gender (SG), especially given that many neuroimaging studies are underpowered to detect main or interactive effects of SG on imaging outcomes. This narrative review aims to explore the recent neuroimaging literature on SG differences in brain function and structure as it pertains to alcohol across positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging modalities in humans. Additional work using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, and event‐related potentials to examine SG differences in AUD will be covered. Overall, current research on the neuroimaging of AUD, alcohol consumption, or risk of AUD is limited, and findings are mixed regarding the effect of SG on neurochemical, structural, and functional mechanisms associated with AUD. We address SG disparities in the neuroimaging of AUD and propose a call to action to include women in brain imaging research. Future studies are crucial to our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of AUD across neural systems and the vulnerability for AUD among women and men.
Human capital resource emergence and leadership
Authors: Eckardt Rory , Tsai Chou‐Yu , Dionne Shelley D. , Dunne Danielle , Spain Seth M. , Park Jin Won , Cheong Minyoung , Kim Jayoung , Guo Jie , Hao Chanyu , Kim Eung Il 
Published: April 2020

SummaryDrawing on multilevel theory of human capital resource emergence (HCRE), this paper reviews existing empirical research to better understand the effect of leadership on this emergence process. Specifically, we summarize the current literature pertaining to how leaders may impact the process through which individual‐level human capital—the knowledge, skills, and abilities of individuals—emerges into a valuable unit‐level human capital resource. We review 132 empirical articles and examine how leadership research on task‐ and relational‐oriented factors at different levels of analysis affects the important task and social environment enabling factors of HCRE. Our paper makes important progress towards integrating leadership research with extant theorizing on HCRE and identifies areas in both literatures where additional research is needed.
Identification by NMR of key compounds present in beer distillates and residual phases after dealcoholization by vacuum distillation
Authors: Labrado David , Ferrero Sergio , Caballero Isabel , Alvarez Celedonio M , Villafañe Fernando , Blanco Carlos A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDNowadays, low alcohol and non‐alcohol beer intake has increased due to expanding concerns about healthy diets. However, there are still appreciable differences between non‐alcoholic beer and conventional beer, particularly regarding flavor. Vacuum distillation is commonly used to remove ethanol from the beer in industrial processes and it is used here.RESULTSThe presence of n‐propanol, isobutanol, 3‐methylbutanol, 2‐methylbutanol, 2‐phenylethanol, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, and acetaldehyde, which are key compounds responsible for aroma and flavor of beer, have been analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in commercial beers and also in the corresponding distillates and residual phases after dealcoholization.CONCLUSIONThe compounds present in each phase were identified by monodimensional and bidimensional NMR spectra. The compounds that are completely removed or that remain in the residue of the conventional beers studied are described in detail. The presence of these compounds in dealcoholized beer would be beneficial in keeping the aroma and flavor in dealcoholized beer. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Adamantinomatous tumors: Long‐term follow‐up study of 20 patients treated at a single institution
Authors: Schwarzkopf Eugenia , Tavarez Yoely , Healey John H. , Hameed Meera , Prince Daniel E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAdamantinomas are primary, low‐grade malignant tumors of the bone that have metastatic potential to the lungs, lymph nodes, and other regions. The rarity of this disease and its nonspecific symptoms complicate diagnosis.Materials and MethodsRecords for 20 patients who underwent treatment for adamantinoma from 1975 to 2018 were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and pathological data, treatment details, postoperative complications, and outcomes.ResultsPatients presented at a median age of 22 years (1‐79 years): 14 patients had a localized primary tumor, three presented with local recurrence, and three with metastatic disease. Median tumor size was 5.7 cm (0.5‐15.5 cm). Wide excision was performed primarily in 15 cases; the remaining five patients underwent intralesional curettage. At a median follow‐up of 7.3 years, 14 patients had no evidence of disease; two patients were alive with disease, and four patients died from the disease. Local recurrence and distant metastasis occurred at a median of 11.4 years (6 month‐19 years) and 15.8 years (4 month‐23 years) after diagnosis.ConclusionsAdequate histopathological diagnosis is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis of this rare tumor. Local and distant recuAbs_Para_meprrence can occur more than 20 years after the initial diagnosis. Life‐long follow‐up with clinical examination and imaging is required.
Measuring the neutral zone of spinal motion segments: Comparison of multiple analysis methods to quantify spinal instability
Authors: Di Pauli von Treuheim Theodor , Torre Olivia M. , Mosley Grace E. , Nasser Philip , Iatridis James C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeNeutral zone (NZ) parameters in spinal biomechanics studies are sensitive to spinal instability, disc degeneration, and repair. Multiple methods in the literature quantify NZ, yet no consensus exists on applicability and comparability of methods. This study compares five different NZ quantification methods using two different load‐deflection profiles.MethodsRat caudal and lumbar motion segments were tested in axial rotation to generate load‐deflection curves with profiles exhibiting prominent distinction between elastic and NZ regions (ie, triphasic) and profiles that did not (ie, viscoelastic). NZ was quantified using five methods: trilinear, double sigmoid (DS), zero load, stiffness threshold (ST), and extrapolated elastic zone. Absolute agreement and consistency of NZ parameters were assessed using intraclass correlation (ICC), Bland‐Altman analyses, and analysis of variance.ResultsFor triphasic profiles, NZ magnitude exhibited high consistency (methods correlate but differ in absolute values), and only some methods exhibited agreement. For viscoelastic profiles, NZ magnitude showed limited consistency and no absolute agreement. NZ stiffness had high agreement and consistency across most methods and profiles. For triphasic profiles, the linear NZ regions for all methods were not well‐described by a linear fit yet for viscoelastic profiles all methods characterized a linear NZ region.ConclusionThis NZ comparison study showed surprisingly limited agreement and consistency among NZ parameters with approximately 5% to 100% difference depending on the method and load‐deflection profile. Nevertheless, the DS and ST methods appeared to be most comparable. We conclude that most NZ quantification methods cannot be applied interchangeably, highlighting a need to clearly state NZ calculation methods. Future studies are required to identify which methods are most sensitive to disc degeneration and repair in order to identify a “best” method.
Distinguishing a Trichilemmal Cyst From a Pilomatricoma With Ultrasound
Authors: He Ping , Chen Wen , Zhang Qian , Cui Li‐Gang , Zhang Qian 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo determine whether ultrasound (US) could distinguish a trichilemmal cyst from a pilomatricoma preoperatively.MethodsUltrasound images of 61 pathologically proven trichilemmal cysts and 90 pathologically proven pilomatricomas were analyzed retrospectively. Two radiologists evaluated several US features. The sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, and predictive values of statistically significant US features were assessed. Parallel combined tests, serial combined tests, or both were performed to identify US features with high statistical significance.ResultsResults from individual US features were not satisfactory; however, serial combined tests that included absence of complete internal echogenic foci, absence of a hypoechoic rim, absence of peritumoral hyperechogenicity, and absence of vascularity showed higher diagnostic utility. The sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for correctly identifying a trichilemmal cyst were 74%, 88%, 0.62, 80%, and 83%, respectively. If 1 of these 4 US features was not a match for a trichilemmal cyst, pilomatricoma was considered.ConclusionsIt may be possible to distinguish trichilemmal cysts from pilomatricomas preoperatively using US. A combined test is superior to using any individual US feature.