bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Resolution of α‐Silyl‐Substituted Allylboronate Esters via Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Allylboration of Aldehydes
Authors: Park Jinyoung , Jung Yongsuk , Kim Jeongho , Lee Eunsung , Lee Sarah Yunmi , Cho Seung Hwan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe describe the kinetic resolution of α‐silyl‐substituted allylboronate esters via chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed chemo‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselective allylboration of aldehydes. This process provides two synthetically versatile enantioenriched compounds, (Z)‐δ‐silyl‐substituted anti‐homoallylic alcohols and α‐silyl‐substituted allylboronate esters, with a selectivity factor up to 328. We propose that the reaction proceeds through a closed chair‐like transition state with the silane moiety occupying a pseudo‐axial position, thus readily resolving α‐silyl‐substituted allylboronate esters. The synthetic utility of the obtained enantioenriched compounds is highlighted by their further transformations to give a diverse set of enantioenriched molecules.magnified image
Tropical soybean yield response to reduced or zero phosphorus fertilization depends on soils
Authors: Bomeisl Lauren P. , Neill Christopher , Porder Stephen , Cerri Carlos E.P. , Brando Paulo M. , Roy Eric D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOxisol soils with high P sorption capacity are widespread in Brazil, which is the world's second largest producer of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. To counter low P availability within highly weathered soils, Brazilian soybean producers commonly fertilize with approximately twice as much P as is harvested in soybean. This has led to the accumulation of P in the soil, especially during the 2000s and 2010s, but the degree to which producers can capitalize on this residual soil P stock to offset fertilizer inputs remains unclear. We tested the effect of residual soil P in a field trial in Mato Grosso, Brazil on a field that has been fertilized for a decade. We grew soybean under three P treatments: 0, 50, and 100% of the farm's standard P fertilization rate for soybean (38 kg P ha−1 yr−1). This experiment was conducted for one growing season on two sites within the same farm field that had different soil texture, Al2O3 + Fe2O3 (R2O3), soil test P, and degree of P saturation. Soybean yield on the soil with greater clay content and R2O3 showed yield declines under reduced P input but yields on sandier soils that had higher soil test P were unaffected by reduced P inputs. These results highlight opportunities to enhance P fertilizer use efficiency in intensive tropical agriculture on highly weathered soils by using site‐specific soil fertility management to harness residual soil P.
Pollen dispersal patterns differ among sites for a wind‐pollinated species and an insect‐pollinated species
Authors: Butcher Chelsea L. , Rubin Berish Y. , Anderson Sylvia L. , Lewis James D. 
Published: October 2020

PremisePollen dispersal, the main component of overall plant gene flow, generally decreases with increasing distance from the pollen source, but the pattern of this relationship may differ among sites. Although site‐based differences in pollen dispersal may lead to over‐ or underestimation of gene flow, no studies have investigated pollen dispersal patterns among differing urban site types, despite the incongruent range of habitats in urban areas.MethodsWe used paternity assignment to assess pollen dispersal patterns in a wind‐pollinated species (waterhemp; Amaranthus tuberculatus) and in an insect‐pollinated species (tomato; Solanum lycopersicum) in experimental arrays at four disparate sites (two roof‐level sites, two ground‐level sites) in the New York (New York, USA) metropolitan area.ResultsThe number of seeds or fruits, a proxy for the number of flowers pollinated, decreased with increasing distance from the pollen donors at all sites for both species. However, the mean number of Amaranthus tuberculatusseeds produced at a given distance differed two‐fold among sites, while the slope of the relationship between Solanum lycopersicumfruit production and distance differed by a factor of four among sites.ConclusionsPollen dispersal patterns may differ substantially among sites, both in the amount of pollen dispersed at a given distance and in the proportional decrease in pollen dispersal with increasing distance, and these effects may act independently. Accordingly, the capacity of plant species to adapt to climate change and other selection pressures may be different from predictions based on pollen dispersal patterns at a single location.
Care at critical care medical centers is associated with improved outcomes in patients with accidental hypothermia: a historical cohort study from the J‐Point registry
Authors: Fujimoto Yoshihiro , Matsuyama Tasuku , Morita Sachiko , Ehara Naoki , Miyamae Nobuhiro , Okada Yohei , Jo Takaaki , Sumida Yasuyuki , Okada Nobunaga , Watanabe Makoto , Nozawa Masahiro , Tsuruoka Ayumu , Okumura Yoshiki , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Takegami Tetsuro 
Published: October 2020

AimThe recommendation that patients with accidental hypothermia should be transported to specialized centers that can provide extracorporeal life support has not been validated, and the efficacy remains unclear.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with a body temperature of ≤35°C presenting at the emergency department of 12 hospitals in Japan between April 2011 and March 2016. We divided the patients into two groups based on the point of care delivery: critical care medical center (CCMC) or non‐CCMC. The primary outcome of this study was in‐hospital death. In‐hospital death was compared using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Subgroup analyses were carried out according to patients with severe hypothermia (<28°C) or systolic blood pressure (sBP) of <90 mmHg.ResultsA total of 537 patients were included, 413 patients (76.9%) in the CCMC group and 124 patients (23.1%) in the non‐CCMC group. The in‐hospital death rate was lower in the CCMC group than in the non‐CCMC group (22.3% versus 31.5%,P < 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of the CCMC group was 0.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.32–0.90). In subgroup analyses, patients with systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg in the CCMC group were less likely to experience in‐hospital death (AOR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.23–0.56). However, no such association was observed among patients with severe hypothermia (AOR 1.08; 95% CI, 0.63–1.85).ConclusionsOur multicenter study indicated that care at a CCMC was associated with improved outcomes in patients with accidental hypothermia.
RNA‐PROTACs: Degraders of RNA‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Ghidini Alice , Cléry Antoine , Halloy François , Allain Frédéric H. T. , Hall Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDefects in the functions of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are at the origin of many diseases; however, targeting RBPs with conventional drugs has proven difficult. PROTACs are a new class of drugs that mediate selective degradation of a target protein through a cell's ubiquitination machinery. PROTACs comprise a moiety that binds the selected protein, conjugated to a ligand of an E3 ligase. Herein, we introduce RNA‐PROTACs as a new concept in the targeting of RBPs. These chimeric structures employ small RNA mimics as targeting groups that dock the RNA‐binding site of the RBP, whereupon a conjugated E3‐recruiting peptide derived from the HIF‐1α protein directs the RBP for proteasomal degradation. We performed a proof‐of‐concept demonstration with the degradation of two RBPs—a stem cell factor LIN28 and a splicing factor RBFOX1—and showed their use in cancer cell lines. The RNA‐PROTAC approach opens the way to rapid, selective targeting of RBPs in a rational and general fashion.
Synthesis of Single Isomeric Complexes with Dissymmetric Structures Using Macrocyclic Homooligomers
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Yonemura Sota , Akatsuka Shunya , Nabeshima Tatsuya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBottom‐up chemical synthesis to construct intricate molecules has been a profound challenge. An effective approach is to utilize organic ligands and metal ions, but the formation of a single product among other possible candidates has proven difficult for dissymmetric structures. We now report the synthesis of single isomeric complexes with dissymmetric structures using the mismatch in the coordination valences of macrocyclic homooligomers and metal ions. A series of amide‐cyclodextrin derivatives possessing multiple 2,2′‐bipyridyl (bpy) groups forms mononuclear complexes whose specific three bpy groups are linked in the fac‐Λ configuration. The intermolecular coordination of the β‐cyclodextrin metal complex produces a dissymmetric cyclodextrin trimer as a single isomer, whose initially equivalent 21 (=7×3) bipyridylamide‐pyranose units are placed in different environments. Furthermore, we realize chiral recognition of amino acid anions utilizing the distinctive amide groups arranged on the unsymmetrically fixed scaffold.
Effect of Milk Fat Concentration on Fat Crystallization of Palm Oil‐Based Shortenings
Authors: Nguyen Viet , Rimaux Tom , Truong Vinh , Danthine Sabine , Dewettinck Koen , Van Bockstaele Filip 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effect of different dosages of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) (25%, 50% and 75%, w/w) on shear‐crystallization of fat blends made of refined palm oil, refined palm stearin, and rapeseed oil was studied. Classical techniques as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (pfg‐NMR), rheometer, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to evaluate the crystallization kinetics of fat blends as well as the fat compatibility between components in rapid cooling (15 °C min−1), isothermal crystallization (at 15 °C), and storage (5 °C). Obtained results revealed that the mixtures of palm oils and milk fat had a low compatibility. The co‐crystallization between triacylglycerols (TAG) of milk fat and of palm oil occurred during isothermal crystallization and storage resulting in slower crystallization kinetics and the formation of some eutectic mixtures.
Vapor deposition of stable copolymer thin films in a batchiCVDreactor
Authors: Yılmaz Kurtuluş , Şakalak Hüseyin , Gürsoy Mehmet , Karaman Mustafa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates the deposition of poly(ethylhexyl acrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (P(EHA‐co‐EGDMA)) copolymer thin films in a batch type initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) reactor. Crosslinked copolymers are desired for many applications because of their high stable properties. iCVD polymers derived by monomers bearing only one vinyl bond are usually linearly structured polymers and hence they are not durable, which is unfavorable for many real‐world applications. Robust crosslinked iCVD films can be produced with the help of crosslinkers. In a typical iCVD process, copolymer thin film is produced by constantly feeding monomer vapor and crosslinker into the reactor. The monomer/crosslinker ratio should be precisely controlled for fabrication of reproducible thin films. In order to eliminate problems caused by adjusting the flowrates of precursors, a closed‐batch type iCVD reactor was used for the first time in this study to produce copolymer thin films. The variation of precursors' partial pressures allowed control over the copolymer thin film structures. As compared with homopolymer, copolymers showed the better chemical and thermal stable properties. Almost 40% of the copolymer thin film remained on the substrate surface at an annealing temperature of 300°C, whereas the homopolymer film was completely removed at an annealing temperature of 280°C.
Time‐varying parameters identification and synchronization of switching complex networks using the adaptive fuzzy‐impulsive control with an application to secure communication
Authors: Behinfaraz Reza , Ghaemi Sehraneh , Khanmohammadi Sohrab , Badamchizadeh Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, secure communication using the synchronization of complex networks has been studied. The method of secure communication is based on chaotic parameter modulation. The adaptive update rules are obtained for the identification of parameters and messages in the receiver. Considered networks have time‐varying parameters. Also, the switching topology has been considered for the networks. Different topologies are selected for the transmitter and receiver networks. Using a fuzzy inference engine, an impulsive controller is designed for synchronization. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
On modeling and identification of empirical partially intelligible white noise processes
Authors: Várlaki Péter , Palkovics László , Rövid András 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper discusses the identification of the empirical, partially intelligible white noise processes generated by deterministic numerical algorithms. The introduced fuzzy‐random complementary approach can identify the inner hidden correlational patterns of the empirical white noise process if the process has a real hidden structure of this kind. We have shown how the characteristics of autocorrelated white noise processes change as the order of autocorrelation increases. Based on this approach, the original empirical white noise process transformed by the autocorrelation operator can be considered to be random data series (randomlikeness), and at the same time, it has function‐like characteristics (functionlikeness), as well. We approach the analysis of the mentioned complementarity by modeling the autocorrelation functions of the empirical white noise processes using tensor product (TP) model transformation.
Cytotoxic Activity of Triterpenoids from Cheiloclinium cognatum Branches against Chronic and Acute Leukemia Cell Lines
Authors: Gonçalves Pereira Rafael César , Gontijo Evangelista Fernanda Cristina , dos Santos Júnior Valtair Severino , de Paula Sabino Adriano , Gonçalves Maltarollo Vinícius , de Freitas Rossimiriam Pereira , Pains Duarte Lucienir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCheiloclinium cognatum (Miers) A.C.Sm. is an endemic species of Brazilian Cerrado that belongs to Celastraceae family. The phytochemical study of C. cognatum branches led to the identification of ten triterpenoids (TPs), 3β‐acyloxyurs‐12‐ene (1), friedelin (2), β‐friedelinol (3), glut‐5‐en‐3β‐ol (4), α‐amyrin (5), β‐amyrin (6), β‐sitosterol (7), canophyllol (8), 29‐hydroxyfriedelan‐3‐one (9) and friedelane‐3β,29‐diol (10). TPs 4, 5 and 6 are described for the first Cheiloclinium genus and TPs 8 and 9 were isolated in expressive amounts. Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated against THP‐1 and K562 leukemia cell lines. TPs 3 and 5 were the most active, exhibiting lower or similar IC50 against both cell lines when compared to the controls. Their mechanisms of action were investigated suggesting an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis evidenced by up‐regulation of BAK mRNA expression. Chemometric studies indicated that their activities may be related to their molecular size and shape as well as electronic interactions of C‐3 hydroxy group with molecular targets.
A rare case of pediatric cardiomyopathy: Alström syndrome identified by gene panel analysis
Authors: Spinelli Valentina , Girolami Francesca , Marrone Chiara , Consigli Veronica , Iascone Maria , Passantino Silvia , Porcedda Giulio , Calabri Giovanni Battista , De Simone Luciano , Olivotto Iacopo , Santoro Giuseppe , Favilli Silvia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenetic investigation of early‐onset Dilatative cardiomyopathy phenotype, including molecular autopsy, is the key to appropriate recognition and management of rare etiologies and atypical presentations and to offer genetic counseling to the family.
Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Electrolyte as a Coating Layer Constructed on Polyphenylene Sulfide Nonwoven to Afford Superior Stability and Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Changqing , Zhang Jingxi , Zeng Xinyu , Xu Jing , Wang Luoxin , Li Zi‐Chen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh power lithium‐ion battery (LIB) puts forward higher requirements for separator. In this study, a new composite separator (SIPN/PPS) with superior stability and improved electrochemical performance was fabricated by the construction of semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) on polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) nonwoven substrate. In SIPN, branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) was selected as crosslinking points due to multiple reactive terminal groups −NH2. Meanwhile, PEI owned irregular topology structure, which would be beneficial to interrupt the crystallization of polymer matrix and increase electrolyte storage by swelling. Characterization results show that this designed composite separator can exhibit higher porosity, improved electrolyte wettability, enhanced electrolyte uptake and excellent electrochemical performance, thus endowing battery with superior discharge capacity even at 3 C. In addition, the introduction of SIPN is confirmed to increase mechanical strength more obviously than that of single cross‐linked network reported in previous study. Meanwhile, anode current begins to be detected for SIPN/PPS composite separator under higher applied voltage (4.6 V vs Li+/Li), indicating its broader electrochemical window. Moreover, SIPN/PPS composite separator is displayed satisfactory cycling stability with higher discharge capacity retention ratio (85.3 %). Consequently, this contribution opens a new avenue for separator applied in high power LIB.
Utility of Core–Shell Nanomaterials in the Catalytic Transformations of Renewable Substrates
Authors: Cui Xinjiang , van Muyden Antoine P. , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent years, core–shell nano‐catalysts have received increasing attention due to their tunable properties and broad applications in catalysis. Control of the two components of these materials allows their catalytic properties to be tuned to various sustainable processes in synthetic and energy‐related applications. This Concept article describes recent state‐of‐the‐art core–shell materials and their application as heterogeneous catalysts for a range of sustainable catalytic transformations, focusing on two important classes of renewable substrates, CO2 and biomass. In the discussion, emphasis is directed to the role of the constituent parts of the core–shell structure and how they can be manipulated to enhance activity.
Selection of Planar Chiral Conformations between Pillar[5,6]arenes Induced by Amino Acid Derivatives in Aqueous Media
Authors: Chen Yuan , Fu Lulu , Sun Baobao , Qian Cheng , Pangannaya Srikala , Zhu Hong , Ma Jing , Jiang Juli , Ni Zhigang , Wang Ruibing , Lu Xiancai , Wang Leyong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChiral α‐amino acids play critical roles in the metabolic process in nearly all life forms. So far, chiral recognition of α‐amino acids has mainly focused on the determination of l/d enantiomers. Herein, selection of planar chiral conformations between water‐soluble pillar[5]arene WP5 and pillar[6]arene WP6 was observed due to α‐side chain or ethyl ester moieties of l‐α‐amino acid ethyl ester hydrochlorides binding with WP5 and WP6, respectively. Therefore, α‐side chain and ethyl ester moieties of l‐α‐amino acid ethyl ester hydrochlorides were recognized by observing the induced CD signal and its inversion. This is a rare example of being able to detect the chiral region around α‐carbon of a chiral α‐amino acid molecule.
Plausible Emergence of Biochemistry in Enceladus Based on Chemobrionics
Authors: Angelis Georgios , Kordopati Golfo G. , Zingkou Eleni , Karioti Anastasia , Sotiropoulou Georgia , Pampalakis Georgios 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSaturn's satellite Enceladus is proposed to have a soda‐type subsurface ocean with temperature able to support life and an iron ore‐based core. Here, it was demonstrated that ocean chemistry related to Enceladus can support the development of Fe‐based hydrothermal vents, one of the places suggested to be the cradle of life. The Fe‐based chemical gardens were characterized with Fourier‐transform (FT)IR spectroscopy and XRD. The developed chemobrionic structures catalyzed the condensation polymerization of simple organic prebiotic molecules to kerogens. Further, they could passively catalyze the condensation of the prebiotic molecule formamide to larger polymers, suggesting that elementary biochemical precursors could have emerged in Enceladus.
Completing the Redox‐Series of Silicon Trisdioxolene:ortho‐Quinone and Lewis Superacid Make a Powerful Redox Catalyst
Authors: Maskey Rezisha , Bendel Christoph , Malzacher Jonas , Greb Lutz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuinones are mild oxidants, the redox potentials of which can be increased by supramolecular interactions. Whereas this goal has been achieved by hydrogen bonding or molecular encapsulation, a Lewis acid‐binding strategy for redox amplification of quinones is unexplored. Herein, the redox chemistry of silicon tris(perchloro)dioxolene1was studied, which is the formal adduct ofortho‐perchloroquinoneQClwith the Lewis superacid bis(perchlorocatecholato)silane2. By isolating the anionic monoradical1.−, the redox‐series of a century‐old class of compounds was completed. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that the redox potential in1was shifted by more than 1 V into the anodic direction compared toQCl, reaching that of “magic blue” or NO+. It allowed oxidation of challenging substrates such as aromatic hydrocarbons and could be applied as an efficient redox catalyst. Remarkably, this powerful reagent formed in situ by combining the two commercially available precursors SiI4andQCl.
Monitoring Inflammasome Priming and Activation in Response to Candida albicans
Authors: Santana Darian J. , Anderson Faith M. , O'Meara Teresa R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCandida albicans is a common mucosal colonizer, as well as a cause of lethal invasive fungal infections. The major predisposing factor for invasive fungal disease is a compromised immune system. One component of the host immune response to fungal infection is the activation of the inflammasome, a multimeric protein complex that is critical for regulating host pro‐inflammatory responses. Here, we describe methods for investigating the interactions between C. albicans and host macrophages, with a focus on the inflammasome. C. albicans isolates differ in the degree to which they activate the inflammasome due to differences in internalization, morphogenic switching, and inflammasome priming. Therefore, we include protocols for identifying these factors. This simple in vitro model can be used to elucidate the contributions of specific C. albicans strains or mutants to different aspects of interactions with macrophages. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Measuring inflammasome priming in response to Candida albicansBasic Protocol 2: Measuring inflammasome activation in response to Candida albicansSupport Protocol: Controlling for phagocytosis