bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoscale movement and recursion behaviors of Namibian black rhinos
Authors: Seidel Dana Paige , Linklater Wayne L. , Kilian Werner , Preez Pierre du , Getz Wayne M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Understanding rhino movement behavior, especially their recursive movements, holds significant promise for enhancing rhino conservation efforts, and protecting their habitats and the biodiversity they support. Here we investigate the daily, biweekly, and seasonal recursion behavior of rhinos, to aid conservation applications and increase our foundational knowledge about these important ecosystem engineers.

Methods
Using relocation data from 59 rhinos across northern Namibia and 8 years of sampling efforts, we investigated patterns in 24-h displacement at dawn, dusk, midday, and midnight to examine movement behaviors at an intermediate scale and across daily behavioral modes of foraging and resting. To understand recursion patterns across animals’ short and long-term ranges, we built T-LoCoH time use grids to estimate recursive movement by each individual. Comparing these grids to contemporaneous MODIS imagery, we investigated productivity’s influence on short-term space use and recursion. Finally, we investigated patterns of recursion within a year’s home range, measuring the time to return to the most intensively used patches.

Results
Twenty four-hour displacements at dawn were frequently smaller than 24-h displacements at dusk or at midday and midnight resting periods. Recursion analyses demonstrated that short-term recursion was most common in areas of median rather than maximum NDVI values. Investigated across a full year, recursion analysis showed rhinos most frequently returned to areas within 8–21 days, though visits were also seen separated by months likely suggesting seasonality in range use.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that rhinos may frequently stay within the same area of their home ranges for days at a time, and possibly return to the same general area days in a row especially during morning foraging bouts. Recursion across larger time scales is also evident, and likely a contributing mechanism for maintaining open landscapes and browsing lawns of the savanna.
The level of activity of the alternative lengthening of telomeres correlates with patient age in IDH-mutant ATRX-loss-of-expression anaplastic astrocytomas
Authors:   POLA network, Grandin Nathalie , Pereira Bruno , Cohen Camille , Billard Pauline , Dehais Caroline , Carpentier Catherine , Idbaih Ahmed , Bielle Franck , Ducray François , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Delattre Jean-Yves , Sanson Marc , Lomonte Patrick , Poncet Delphine , Verrelle Pierre , Charbonneau Michel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAll cancer cells need to maintain functional telomeres to sustain continuous cell division and proliferation. In human diffuse gliomas, functional telomeres are maintained due either to reactivation of telomerase expression, the main pathway in most cancer types, or to activation of a mechanism called the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). The presence of IDH1/2 mutations (IDH-mutant) together with loss of ATRX expression (ATRX-lost) are frequently associated with ALT in diffuse gliomas. However, detection of ALT, anda fortioriits quantification, are rarely, if ever, measured in neuropathology laboratories. We measured the level of ALT activity using the previously described quantitative “C-circle” assay and analyzed it in a well characterized cohort of 104 IDH-mutant and ATRX-lost adult diffuse gliomas. We report that in IDH-mutant ATRX-lost anaplastic astrocytomas, the intensity of ALT was inversely correlated with age (p < 0.001), the younger the patient, the higher the intensity of ALT. Strikingly, glioblastomas having progressed from anaplastic astrocytomas did not exhibit this correlation. ALT activity level in the tumor did not depend on telomere length in healthy tissue cells from the same patient. In summary, we have uncovered the existence, in anaplastic astrocytomas but not in glioblastomas with the same IDH and ATRX mutations, of a correlation between patient age and the level of activity of ALT, a telomerase-independent pathway of telomere maintenance.
A case of small in situ perihilar cholangiocarcinoma incidentally accompanied by benign bile duct stricture after open cholecystectomy
Authors: Maeda Takashi , Ebata Tomoki , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Igami Tsuyoshi , Mizuno Takashi , Yamaguchi Junpei , Onoe Shunsuke , Watanabe Nobuyuki , Nagino Masato 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In situ cholangiocarcinoma is difficult to detect by imaging studies. Thus, cholangiocarcinoma is rarely resected with a preoperative definitive diagnosis, especially nonpapillary flat type in situ carcinoma, which is extremely rare.

Case presentation
A 70-year old man was diagnosed with gallbladder cancer and received open cholecystectomy with lymphadenectomy at a local hospital. Histologically, the tumor was localized in the mucosal layer, and no lymph node metastases were found. Three months later, hilar bile duct stricture due to delayed bile duct ischemia was found. Then, biliary drainage was performed with endoscopic biliary stenting. Three months later, the patient experienced cholangitis with septic shock, and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) into the left intrahepatic bile duct was performed. Unexpectedly, the aspiration bile cytology of the PTBD catheter showed malignant cells, and the patient was referred to our clinic for possible surgical treatment. According to additional studies, the hilar bile duct stricture was 3 cm in length. None of the imaging studies detected malignant cells in the bile duct around the hilar stricture. The left portal vein was obstructed due to inadvertent puncture of the PTBD. No findings indicated cholangiocarcinoma. We performed left hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection. The postoperative course was uneventful. In the final pathology, flat type in situ carcinoma was found at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts, which was distant from the biliary stricture.

Conclusions
When a tumor is undetectable but cytology is positive, in situ cholangiocarcinoma may exist; thus, surgery should be carefully considered.
Lateral epicondylitis: the condition and current management strategies
Authors: Duncan James , Duncan Robert , Bansal Saksham , Davenport Dominic , Hacker Andrew 
Published: November 2019

Lateral epicondylitis or tennis elbow is a common condition estimated to affect between 1 and 3% of adults. As a result of its high prevalence, both primary and secondary care physicians are frequently presented with this problem, so knowledge of its presentation and up-to-date management strategies is essential. This review collates the most recent evidence on lateral epicondylitis to help the clinician perform assessments and make treatment decisions, based on the best current clinical practice.
Das Berliner Schloss: mythologisches Relikt in einer mythenarmen Zeit
Authors: Roth Hannelore 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In 1990, Joachim Fest’s plea for the reconstruction of the Berlin City Palace unchained one of the most heated architectural debates in German history, a debate that has been raging on to this day. This so-called Stadtschlossdebatte not only testifies to the remarkable revival of the Prussian legacy after German Reunification, it is also symptomatic of the difficult search for identity by the new Berlin Republic. With its prevalent rhetoric of the ‘lost’ or ‘empty center,’ the debate is particularly suitable for an analysis of the imaginary mechanisms and strategies of fictionalization that are necessary for a political community to constitute itself. By means of a rhetorical analysis of the reconstruction debate, I argue that Prussia functions as a mythological relict in our alleged society without myths. In this regard, special attention is devoted to the Schlosssimulation of 1993 by the French artist Catherine Feff. Functioning as a phantasmatic projection screen, this fake city castle is used here as a starting point for a reflection on the constitutive relation between community and fiction. The article concludes with a coda on the Wrapped Reichstag by Christo and Jeanne-Claude.
Atomic-scale clustering inhibits the bioactivity of fluoridated phosphate glasses
Authors: Touré Adja B. R. , Mele Elisa , Christie Jamieson K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Here, molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out on phosphate glasses to clarify the previously debated influence of fluoride on the bioactivity of these glasses. We developed a computationally advanced inter-atomic force field including polarisation effects of the fluorine and oxygen atoms. Structural characterisations of the simulated systems showed that fluoride ions exclusively bond to the calcium modifier cations creating clusters within the glass structure and therefore decreasing the bioactivity of fluoridated phosphate glasses, making them less suitable for biomedical applications.
Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) variants and breast cancer risk in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kiendrebeogo Isabelle Touwendpoulimdé , Zoure Abdou Azaque , Sorgho Pegdwendé Abel , Yonli Albert Théophane , Djigma Florencia Wendkuuni , Ouattara Abdoul Karim , Sombie Herman Karim , Tovo Sessi Frida , Yelemkoure Edwige T. , Bambara Aboubacar Hierrhum , Sawadogo Alexis Yobi , Bakri Youssef , Simpore Jacques 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and objectiveBreast cancer remains the most common cause of cancer mortality in women. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between genetic variability inGSTM1andGSTT1and susceptibility to breast cancer.MethodsGenomic DNA was extracted from blood samples for 80 cases of histologically diagnosed breast cancer and 100 control subjects. Genotyping analyses were performed by PCR-based methods. Associations between specific genotypes and the development of breast cancer were examined using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios [1] and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).ResultsNo correlation was found betweenGSTM1-nulland breast cancer (OR = 1.83; 95%CI 0.90-3.71; p = 0.10), whileGSTT1-null(OR = 2.42; 95%CI 1.17-5.02; p= 0.01) was associated with increased breast cancer risk. TheGSTM1/GSTT1 double nullwas not associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer (OR = 2.52; 95%CI 0.75-8.45; p=0.20). Furthermore, analysis found no association betweenGSTM1-null(OR =1.12; 95%CI 0.08-15.50;p=1.00) orGSTT1-null(OR = 1.71; 95%CI 0.13-22.51;p=1.00) and the disease stage of familial breast cancer patients or sporadic breast cancer patients (GSTM1(OR = 0.40; 95%CI 0.12-1.32;p = 0.20) andGSTT1(OR = 1.41; 95%CI 0.39-5.12;p=0.75)). Also, body mass index (BMI) was not associated with increased or decreased breast cancer risk in either GSTM1-null (OR = 0.60; 95%CI 0.21-1.68;p=0.44)or GSTT1-null (OR = 0.60; 95%CI 0.21-1.68;p=0.45).ConclusionOur results suggest that onlyGSTT1-nullis associated with increased susceptibility to breast cancer development.
Landscape characterization using photographs from crowdsourced platforms: content analysis of social media photographs
Authors: Callau Aitor Àvila , Albert María Yolanda Pérez , Rota Joan Jurado , Giné David Serrano 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Landscape characterisation using social media photographs from popular platforms has been proposed as a landscape and ecosystem services approach. However, popular crowdsourced websites provide uncharacterized data and are only representative of the general public. Photographs from crowdsourced sports platforms, whose users are more homogeneous, could help to characterise landscape more uniformly. In this study we use automated content analysis from photographs on Wikiloc, a crowd-sourced sports platform, to characterize landscape in the Ebro Delta Natural Park, a protected area in Spain. Our approach applies big data procedures and spatial analysis to provide in-depth information regarding what draws visitors’ attention to a landscape and to ascertain their intrasite flow. Our results show that sports users are keen on natural landscapes and pay less attention to rural and degraded landscapes, and that areas closer to paths are more photographed than more distant areas.
The Influence of Gangue Particle size and Gangue Feeding Rate on Safety and Service Life of the Suspended Buffer’s Spring
Authors: Tai Yang , Guo Shuai , An Baifu , Ju Fu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo address the problems of the suspended buffer spring’s safety and service life, we introduce the basic operating principles and structure parameters of the suspended buffer; followed by establishing a new numerical model of the buffer spring vibration using Femap software. The vibration characteristics of the spring form the basis for spring safety check and service life prediction. Therefore, the principles influencing the gangue particle size and feeding rate on the vibration characteristics of the buffer spring were analyzed. The results have indicated that the vibration frequency, axial pressure peak and the maximum and minimum axial pressure within the periodic vibration had power relations with gangue particle sizeD, while they had linear relations with the gangue feeding ratevexcept for the vibration frequency that had nothing to do with the feeding rate. According to the ultimate axial pressure of the spring, the relations between the shear pressure and tensile strength as well as the vibration characteristics, the spring’s safety check formula and service life formula were obtained. Based on the backfilling parameters of the working face in Dongping Coal Mine, the crushed gangue particle size and spring service life were determined. Based on the engineering practice in Dongping Coal Mine, the spring service life was obtained. And the fatigue fracture of the spring was also analyzed.
Uncertainty based multi-step seismic analysis for near-surface imaging
Authors: Marciniak Artur , Stan-Kłeczek Iwona , Idziak Adam , Majdański Mariusz 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Near-surface seismic surveys are often designed for surface wave and seismic tomographic analysis. In recent years, seismic imaging methods have been more frequently used at this scale. Recognition of near-surface structures using a single method is insufficient because of the ambiguity of the inversion problem. As a solution, the authors propose a multi-step approach, where several different seismic methods are used in a particular order, to achieve an optimal model. A multi-method approach allows utilisation of a whole spectrum of recorded data, even the elements that are treated as background noise in other techniques. In classical processing approach, information about data uncertainty is often omitted or used in the simplest way for the single method only. This work presents an updated approach to uncertainty analysis by transferring estimated uncertainty between processing steps. By assuming that every consecutively applied method is more certain, the authors were able to obtain accurate velocity fields for seismic imaging, as the main information received from the previous steps. Based on information from multiple methods, a seismic stack in the depth domain was created as a final result, with an estimate of uncertainty.
Investigation of the effect of aging on wood hygroscopicity by 2D 1H NMR relaxometry
Authors: Rostom Leila , Courtier-Murias Denis , Rodts Stéphane , Care Sabine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (2D 1H NMR) relaxometry is increasingly used in the field of wood sciences due to its great potential in detecting and quantifying water states at the level of wood constituents. More precisely, in this study, this technique is used to investigate the changes induced by “natural” and “artificial” aging methods on modern and historical oak woods. Two bound water components are detected and present differences in terms of association to the different wood polymers in cell walls: one is more strongly associated with wood polymers than the other. The evolution of the two bound water types is discussed in regard to aging methods and is related to the structure of the cell wall, especially with the S2 layer and the evolution of wood chemical composition (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin). The evolution of hydric strains is also discussed taking into account the effect of aging methods on the two bound water components. The obtained results confirm the ability of 2D 1H NMR relaxometry to evaluate the effect of aging at the molecular level and on hydric deformation. Furthermore, this method shows that it is possible to determine the moisture content of wood without the necessity to oven-dry the wood material.
Variation on thermal damage rate of granite specimen with thermal cycle treatment
Authors: Xu Chenchen , Sun Qiang , Pan Xiaohua , Zhang Weiqiang , Wang Yanbing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Temperature significantly affects the physical and mechanical properties of granite. To have a comprehensive understanding of the thermal cycle effect on uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and thermal damage rate, a series of thermal cycle experiments on granite specimens were carried out with five types of designed temperatures and five types of cycle number of thermal treatments. The experimental results indicate that UCS decreases and thermal damage rate increases as temperature and thermal cycle increase. UCS of specimens cooled in water condition after thermal damage treatment are lower than those cooled in air condition. In addition, two new phenomena related to thermal damage rate were observed. Firstly, previous studies have shown that a rapid value reduction of UCS of specimens with one thermal cycle treatment under air cooling condition can be observed at 400
∘
C. While the temperature threshold for the specimens treated with more than one thermal cycle under water cooling condition increases to 550
∘
C. Secondly, a thoroughly antipodal evolution law of the thermal damage rate for the specimens with multiple thermal cycle treatments is also observed as compared to those treated by only one thermal cycle. These differences might be induced by the different microcrack initial time and their development speed. The new findings are important to understand the failure mechanism and variation process of physical and mechanical properties of granite specimens subjected to thermal cycles.
The Impact of an Inert Gas Atmosphere on the Kinetics of Changes in the Physical and Chemical Properties of Carrot Lyophilisate
Authors: Nowak D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of blanching, the atmosphere of nitrogen and storage time on carotenoids content, colour and sorption properties of freeze-dried carrot. The material was stored for up to 16 weeks, in the dark, at room temperature. The colour was measured on the surface and in cross sections. As the storage time increased, there was a continual decrease in the carotenoids content in the carrot packed in atmospheric air. In the carrots packed in the atmosphere of nitrogen, no changes in carotenoid content were observed. The colour parameters correlated with the changes in the carotenoids content. The colour parameters changed on the surface and in cross sections in the same manner. During storage, a significant decrease in sorption properties of freeze-dried carrots was noted after 2 weeks of storage.
Constitutive Relations of Thermal and Mass Diffusion
Authors: Bertei Antonio , Lamorgese Andrea , Mauri Roberto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNon-equilibrium thermodynamics provides a general framework for the description of mass and thermal diffusion, thereby including also cross-thermal and material diffusion effects, which are generally modeled through the Onsager coupling terms within the constitutive equations relating heat and mass flux to the gradients of temperature and chemical potential. These so-called Soret and Dufour coefficients are not uniquely defined, though, as they can be derived by adopting one of the several constitutive relations satisfying the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Therefore, mass diffusion induced by a temperature gradient and heat conduction induced by a composition gradient can be implicitly, and unexpectedly, predicted even in the absence of coupling terms. This study presents a critical analysis of different formulations of the constitutive relations, with special focus on regular binary mixtures. It is shown that, among the different formulations presented, the one which adopts the chemical potential gradient at constant temperature as the driving force for mass diffusion allows for the implicit thermo-diffusion effect to be strictly absent while the resulting Dufour effect is negligibly small. Such a formulation must be preferred to the other ones since cross-coupling effects are predicted only if explicitly introduced via Onsager coupling coefficients.
High-Speed Transmission Circuits Signaling in Optical Communication Systems
Authors: Amiri IS , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Yupapin P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper has outlined high-speed transmission circuits signaling in guided or unguided optical communication systems. An efficient prediction scheme to predict the signal distortion caused by intersymbol interference. As high-speed digital signals exceed many gigabits per second speeds, eye diagrams provide the means to quickly and accurately measure signal quality and system performance. Semiconductor understands the capacitance constraints that designers are faced with when using these high-speed interfaces and offers a wide line of ultra-low capacitance electrical spectral density protection devices that service these interfaces, and the noise can be reduced at the optimum circuit at both bandwidths of 167 MHz, and bandwidth of 200 MHz.
Technical Specifications of the Submarine Fiber Optic Channel Bandwidth/Capacity in Optical Fiber Transmission Systems
Authors: Amiri IS , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Jahan Sohely , Paul Bikash Kumar , Ahmed Kawsar , Yupapin P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This work outlines technical specifications of the undersea fiber optic communication channel bandwidth, capacity with taken into account the maximum and minimum extended fiber cost in the presence of amplifiers stations. The number of amplifiers in the amplification stage are addressed based on the amplifier distance to strength the light signal in water depth after 5 km distance. The fiber channel capacity is estimated at different water depth and at the surface of the water. Minimum input signal power and required detectable received power are adjusted to ensure the high data rates in submarine cable systems under the best and worst conditions of the seawater pressure. The study emphasizes the high data rates transmission can be achieved at a distance of 10 km depth.
Apriority and Essential Truth
Authors: Haze Tristan Grøtvedt 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is a line of thought, neglected in recent philosophy, according to whicha prioriknowable truths such as those of logic and mathematics have their special epistemic status in virtue of a certain tight connection between their meaning and their truth. Historical associations notwithstanding, this view does not mandate any kind of problematic deflationism about meaning, modality or essence. On the contrary, we should be upfront about it being a highly debatable metaphysical idea, while nonetheless insisting that it be given due consideration. From this standpoint, I suggest that the Finean distinction between essence and modality allows us to refine the view. While liberal about meaning, modality and essence, the view is not without bite: it is reasonable to suppose that it is able to ward off philosophical confusions stemming from the undue assimilation ofa priorito empirical knowledge.