bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of Endophytic Fungi of Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) and Their Antagonistic Activity against Two Banana Pathogens
Authors: Tchamgoue Eric Ngalani , Fanche Sandrine Aimée Youte , Ndjakou Bruno Lenta , Matei Florentina , Nyegue Maximilienne Ascension 
Published: January 2021

Aims: The present study was carried out to determine the diversity of endophytic fungi that colonize the leaves of Psidium guajava, and to evaluate their antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense and Mycosphaerella fijiensis which are the two main phytopathogens of banana plants.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out at Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, between April 2018 and February 2020.
Methodology: Fragments of surface sterilized leaves of Psidium guajava were inoculated on Potato Dextrose Agar supplemented with chloramphenicol. The isolated and purified endophytic fungi were identified based on their macroscopic and microscopic characters using a mycological atlas as guide. The non-sporulating isolates were identified by comparing the ITS regions of their DNA to those of known fungi registered in the GenBank database. The antagonistic activity of the endophytic fungi isolated against Fusarium oxysporum and Mycosphaerella fijiensis was screened using dual culture method.
Results: A total of 28 endophytic fungal were isolated from the leaves of Psidium guajava corresponding to a colonization frequency of 33.33%. These isolates were identified as: Aspergillus sp., Botryosphaeria sp., Fusarium sp., Neoscytalidium sp., Xylaria sp., Phyllosticta capitalensis, Cercospora apii, Xylaria longipes, Phomopsis sp., Phomopsis asparagi, Aspergillus versicolor, Pallidocercospora thailandica, and Xylaria grammica that belonged to the Deuteromycota and Ascomycota divisions. These endophytic fungi inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense and Mycosphaerella fijiensis with the percentage inhibition varying respectively from 23.25% to 73.52% and from 21.36% to 100%. The species Botryosphaeria sp., Phomopsis sp., Phomopsis asparagi, and Xylaria longipes exhibited the greatest activity.
Conclusion: The leaves of Psidium guajava have a fairly varied diversity of endophytic fungi. These endophytic fungi can serve as potential biological control agents against Panama and Sigatoka diseases of banana and also would produce secondary metabolites with antifungal properties.
Structural Evolution upon Delithiation/Lithiation in Prelithiated Foil Anodes: A Case Study of AgLi Alloys with High Li Utilization and Marginal Volume Variation
Authors: Wu Xuan , Zhang Wei , Wu Naiqi , Pang Su‐Seng , Ding Yi , He Guang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDealloying is a powerful technology to fabricate nanoporous materials with tunable structures and compositions for battery applications. Meanwhile, electrochemical dealloying is an intrinsic process for metal anodes that exhibits fundamental correlations with electrode morphologies and structures. In this work, Li‐Ag composites are fabricated as a case study to understand the spontaneous structural evolution and the in situ formation of nanoporosity during a reversible lithiation/delithiation process. The rationally designed nanoporous AgLi (NPAgLi) framework with limited Li capacity (10 mAh cm−2) enables a dendrite‐free anode with marginal volume variation upon long‐term cycling, which can be attributed to the spatially confined reaction pattern along with efficient Li alloying/dealloying. Furthermore, full cell tests reveal the NPAgLi anode remains stable under practical conditions such as lean electrolyte (15 µL), large areal capacity (1.6 mAh cm−2), and high‐loading cathode (12 mg cm−2). This work provides new perspectives on the in situ structural evolution of Li‐rich alloy electrodes and the results are expected to contribute to the development of alkali metal anodes.
Interfacial‐Potential‐Gradient Induced a Significant Enhancement of Photoelectric Conversion: Thiophene Polyelectrolyte (PTE‐BS) and Bipyridine Ruthenium (N3) Cooperative Regulated Biomimetic Nanochannels
Authors: Ren Yan , Liu You , Zhang Liangqian , Fan Xia , Zhai Jin , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInspired by photosynthesis, the ion transport‐based artificial light harvesting system shows unprecedented superiority in photoelectric conversion. However, how to high‐efficiently utilize solar energy, just like photosystem I and photosystem II working together in the thylakoid membrane, remains a great challenge. Here, a facile strategy for patterning two photosensitive molecules is demonstrated, that is, thiophene polyelectrolyte (PTE‐BS) and bipyridine ruthenium (N3), onto the two segments of symmetric/asymmetric hourglass‐shaped alumina nanochannels. Owing to the different energy levels, an interfacial‐potential‐gradient is established in the tip junction of the nanochannels, wherein photoinduced excited electrons transfer from PTE‐BS to N3, resulting in the efficient separation of electron–holes. Simultaneously, the increasing surface‐charge‐density enhances transmembrane ion transport performance. Thus, the photo‐induced ionic current change ratio increases up to 100% to realize a significant photoelectric conversion, which is superior to all of the N3 or PTE‐BS individually modified nanochannel systems. By changing the channel geometry from symmetric to asymmetric, the biomimetic nanochannels also exhibit a diode‐like ion transport behavior. This work may provide guidance for the development of high‐performance photoelectric conversion nanochannel systems.
Porphyrin Conjugated Polymer Grafted onto BiVO4 Nanosheets for Efficient Z‐Scheme Overall Water Splitting via Cascade Charge Transfer and Single‐Atom Catalytic Sites
Authors: Wang Jinming , Xu Lei , Wang Tingxia , Li Renjie , Zhang Yuexing , Zhang Jing , Peng Tianyou 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work shows a novel artificial Z‐scheme photosystem based on a heterometallic Zn‐/Pt‐porphyrin conjugated polymer (ZnPtP‐CP) grafted onto ultrathin BiVO4 nanosheets via Zn–O–V bridging bonds for high‐efficiency overall water photosplitting. An impressive apparent quantum yield of 9.85% at λ = 400 nm is achieved over the resulting ZnPtP–CP/BiVO4 composite, in which BiVO4 nanosheets are in close contact with ZnPtP‐CP nanosheets via Zn–O–V bridging bonds to promote a Z‐scheme charge transfer mechanism with ZnPtP‐CP serving as electron‐rich unit and BiVO4 as hole‐rich one. The photoexcited electrons of BiVO4 transfer to the interface and recombine with the photogenerated holes of ZnPtP‐CP through the Zn–O–V bonds, and thus the strong reducibility of the photoinduced electrons in ZnPtP‐CP and the strong oxidation ability of the photogenerated holes in BiVO4 are maintained. Moreover, the highly dispersed Pt centers (PtN4) in Pt‐porphyrin bridging units act as single‐atom catalytic sites to facilitate a cascade charge transfer by fast migration of the photogenerated electrons from Zn‐porphyrin to Pt‐porphyrin units for the water reduction reaction. This Z‐scheme mechanism with two‐step excitation and cascade charge transfer pathway makes the composite acting as Z‐scheme dual‐function photocatalyst responsible for the efficient solar‐driven overall water photosplitting without the aid of a sacrificial reagent or external bias.
Developing a post‐season tissue test for rice nitrogen management
Authors: Hoegenauer Kyle A. , Roberts Trenton L. , Hardke Jarrod T. , Ortel Carrie C. , Slaton Nathan A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNo post‐season analysis method currently exists for rice (Oryza sativa L.) to determine whether N was managed properly during the growing season. Our primary research objective was to determine whether post‐season, rice stem N concentrations can be used to predict if sufficient or excessive N was available. Aboveground biomass samples were taken from N response trials at harvest. Stalks were separated into 5‐cm segments starting at the soil surface and extending upward to 45 cm. One‐half of the samples had all of the leaf material (leaves and leaf sheaths) removed, whereas the other half remained intact. All samples were analyzed for N concentration in the form of amino acids (AA‐N), ammonium (NH4+–N), and nitrate (NO3––N). Samples analyzed with leaf material were found to be statistically different from samples analyzed without leaf material for all three forms of N (P < .0001). Due to significant variability in response, AA‐N and NH4+–N were discovered to be incompatible for a post‐season tissue test in rice. However, NO3––N concentrations showed strong consistency in response to N fertilization rates. Upon further analysis, NO3––N concentrations in the lower portion of the rice stem were found to be more responsive to excessive N fertilization than the upper sections of the rice stem (P < .0001). These results suggest that rice stalks sampled from the lower portion of the plant near maturity and analyzed for NO3––N could be used to predict over‐fertilization and should be investigated further.
Institutional entrepreneurship and permaculture: A practice theory perspective
Authors: Genus Audley , Iskandarova Marfuga , Warburton Brown Chris 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPermaculture is a growing but little researched phenomenon emphasising care for the environment, equity, fair treatment of people and working with—and not against—nature. It thus represents a potential alternative to business as usual, capable of addressing fundamental challenges posed by human‐made climate change. The paper examines a previously ignored site of entrepreneurship by taking a practice perspective, exploring connections between the practice and growth of permaculture and institutional entrepreneurship. It assesses practice‐related and institutional factors affecting the start‐up and operation of permaculture enterprises in the United Kingdom. The study maps and surveys UK Permaculture Association members who have started up their own business and reports on qualitative data from personal interviews with twenty of them. Data analysis employs NVivo software and involves thematic analysis pertaining to the practice, institutional biographies and institutional portfolios of permaculture entrepreneurs. The findings show the importance of permaculture activists' institutional biographies and institutional portfolios to the start‐up and operation of permaculture enterprises and for shaping permaculture‐related practice. The contribution of the paper lies in how it balances attention to individual agency with subfield‐specific, organisational field and macrosocial factors in understanding ‘beyond profit’ entrepreneurship.
Wiedemann‐Steiner syndrome: A case report
Authors: Hirst Lorna , Evans Robert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWiedemann‐Steiner syndrome (WDSTS) is an exceptionally rare autosomal dominant syndrome with considerable phenotypical variation. Clinical features include dysmorphic facial and skeletal features, growth deficiency, developmental delay, hypertrichosis cubiti and various dental features. We present a 7‐year‐old female with premature exfoliation of primary teeth and premature eruption of permanent teeth.
Heterogeneous Formic Acid Production by Hydrogenation of CO2 Catalyzed by Ir‐bpy Embedded in Polyphenylene Porous Organic Polymers
Authors: Bennedsen Niklas R. , Christensen David B. , Mortensen Rasmus L. , Wang Bolun , Wang Ryan , Kramer Søren , Kegnæs Søren 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHeterogeneous immobilized molecular catalysis has gained significant attention as a platform for creating more efficient and selective catalysts. A promising type of immobilized molecular catalysts are made from porous organic polymers (POPs) due to their high stability, porosity, and ability to mimic the catalytic activity and selectivity of homogeneous organometallic catalysts. These properties of the POP‐based systems make them very attractive as heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 to formate, where predominately homogeneous systems have been applied. In this study, five POPs were synthesized and assessed in the hydrogenation of CO2 where the active catalysts were made in‐situ by mixing IrCl3 and the POPs. One of the Ir/POP catalysts provided a turn‐over number (TON) >20,000, which is among the highest for POP‐based systems. Thorough characterization (CO2‐ and N2‐physisorption, TGA, CHN‐analysis, XRD, XPS, SEM, STEM and TEM) was performed. Notably, the developed Ir/POP system also showed catalytic activity for the decomposition of formic acid into H2 enabling the use of formic acid as a renewable energy carrier.
Guajamers A—I, Rearranged Polycyclic Phloroglucinol Meroterpenoids from Psidium guajava Leaves and Their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Huang Ji‐Wu , Li Chuang‐Jun , Yang Jing‐Zhi , Li Chuan , Zhang Yu , Liu Ke , Yu Yue , Jiang Jian‐Dong , Zhang Dong‐Ming 
Published: January 2021

Main observation and conclusionEight new polycyclic phloroglucinol meroterpenoids guajamers A—H (1—8), a methylated benzoylphloroglucinol meroterpenoid guajamer I (9) representing a new skeleton, and two known analogues (10 and 11) were isolated from the leaves of Psidium guajava. The structures of new molecules were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data, and those of 1, 2, 8, and 9 were unambiguously confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study. Structurally, compounds 1—8 were sesquiterpene and monoterpene‐ based meroterpenoids with rearranged skeletons, while compound 9 was the first case of 3‐alkyl‐5‐formyl‐benzoylphloroglucinol‐ coupled sesquiterpene containing an unusual C‐1‐spiro‐fused 6/6/9/4 polycyclic skeleton. In addition, all the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against three bacterial strains, and most of them (compounds 2—7, 10, and 11) showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with MIC values of 8—32 μmol/L. These findings suggested that meroterpenoids isolated from Psidium guajava can be considered as potential antibacterial leading compounds for pharmaceutical industry.
Chiral Benzo[b]silole‐Fused 9,9′‐Spirobi[fluorene]: Synthesis, Chiroptical Properties, and Transformation to π‐Extended Polycyclic Arene
Authors: Kubo Masahiro , Noguchi Keiichi , Nakano Koji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChiral spiro π‐conjugated compounds have emerged as a new class of circularly polarized luminescent organic materials. Here we report the synthesis and (chir)optical properties of a chiral benzo[b]silole‐fused 9,9′‐spirobi[fluorene] (SBF) and π‐extended spiro polycyclic arene. The benzo[b]silole‐fused SBF was successfully synthesized by a rhodium‐catalyzed intramolecular silylative cyclization. It was further transformed to the chiral π‐extended spiro polycyclic arene by an annulative π‐extension reaction. Less effective spiroconjugation was observed for these spiro compounds through UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. They exhibit circularly polarized luminescence with the dissymmetry factors of up to 0.76×10−3. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that emission of the benzo[b]silole‐fused SBF occurs from one subunit, the structure of which is slightly different from that in the Frank‐Condon state.
Mathematical framework for 5G‐UAV relay
Authors: Khan Shah Khalid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicle's (UAVs) small size, long‐lasting battery, and flexible trajectory have produced widespread applications in radio communication systems, especially its usage as a cellular tower (gNB) for 5G services. At the same time, the mmWave's enormous available bandwidth makes it the primary contender for next‐generation communication networks. This article aims to synthesize and assess the usage of mmWave concurrently in backhaul and access links for amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relay installed on the UAV. A mathematical framework is developed for the received power of the user equipment (UE) obtained in relay path (gNB‐UAV‐UE) and direct path (gNB‐UE) via; (i) free space, and (ii) log‐distance path loss model. The International Telecommunication Union recommended city model is used to assess the likelihood for LoS and NLoS paths in four urban environments; (i) high‐rise urban, (ii) dense urban, (iii) urban, and (iv) suburban. Furthermore, various parameters, that is, UAV's position and amplification factor are stipulated to optimize the efficiency of a UAV‐based AF relay for enhanced users coverage.
Unknown network attack detection based on open‐set recognition and active learning in drone network
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Zhang Yong , Niu Jie , Guo Da 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the technical support of 5G, the drone network plays a critical role in the autonomous and digital era. However, due to wireless and autonomy characteristics, the drone network is prone to diverse malicious attacks, so it's vital to deploy network intrusion detection system to detect network attacks. For a real open drone network environment, unknown attacks will occur constantly, but the existing intrusion detection methods are usually designed for a static and closed‐set scenario and will fail to recognize the unknown attacks correctly, threatening the security of drone network. Therefore, we design an intrusion detection system to detect unknown network attacks in the drone network. Based on open‐set recognition, we propose the Open‐CNN model to implement intrusion detection and detect unknown attacks. Further to detect unknown attacks, we also propose an active learning (AL) approach for unknown attacks based on the least confidence query strategy, allowing the intrusion detection model to learn efficiently from the unknown attack instances detected by Open‐CNN at small labeling budgets. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of Open‐CNN in detecting unknown attacks, with the accuracy improvement of 9% to 30% over the compared methods, and the proposed AL approach achieves good performance when retraining with only 1% of labeled unknown attack samples.
Initial experience with high‐volume plasma exchange in patients with acute liver failure
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Chun Sejong , Sinn Dong Hyun , Kim Nam Joong , Kim Semi , Kang Wonseok , Kim Jong Man , Choi Gyu‐Seong , Joh Jae‐Won , Cho Duck 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsHigh‐volume plasma exchange (HVPE), defined as an exchange of 8 to 12 L per day per procedure or 15% of the ideal body weight with fresh frozen plasma, has shown promising results in improving the survival of patients with acute liver failure (ALF). However, clinical evidence is limited. The aim of this study was to report our initial experience using HVPE as a bridge treatment in patients with ALF.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 32 consecutive patients awaiting liver transplantation (LT) due to ALF between 2013 and 2020 at Samsung Medical Center in Korea. HVPE has been used for patients with ALF since May 2016 at our institution.ResultsDuring the study period, 16 patients received HVPE. After HVPE, coagulopathies (INR, 4.46 [2.32‐6.02] vs 1.48 [1.33‐1.76], P < .05), total bilirubin (22.6 [9.1‐26.4] vs 8.9 [5.6‐11.3], P < .05), alanine aminotransferase (506 [341‐1963] vs 120 [88‐315], P < .05), and ammonia levels (130.6 [123.7‐143.8] vs 98.2 [84.2‐116.5], P < .05) were improved. Improvement in the hepatic encephalopathy grade was observed in four patients. Among 16 patients who received HVPE, 12 patients were bridged to LT, and three patients recovered spontaneously. The overall survival was 94% and 69%, respectively at 30 days in patients who received and did not receive HVPE (P = .068). Among 18 patients with high chronic liver failure‐sequential organ failure assessment scores (≥13), the overall survival was significantly better for those who received HVPE than for those who did not (91% vs 29%, respectively, at 30 days, P < .05).ConclusionsOur initial clinical experience with HVPE suggests that HVPE can be a viable option in improving the outcomes of patients presenting with ALF.
A comparison of surgical resection and liver transplantation in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the era of modern chemotherapy: An analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Hue Jonathan J. , Rocha Flavio G. , Ammori John B. , Hardacre Jeffrey M. , Rothermel Luke D. , Chavin Kenneth D. , Winter Jordan M. , Ocuin Lee M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe main surgical approach to patients with localized intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is hepatectomy, but transplantation has been described. A comparison of outcomes between these surgical approaches is necessary to determine if one is preferable.MethodsPatients with ICC were identified using the National Cancer Database (2010–2016). Patients were grouped based on operation and matched 1:1 by propensity score. Pathologic and postoperative outcomes, as well as overall survival were analyzed.ResultsThere were 1879 hepatectomy and 74 liver transplantation patients. Before matching, transplantation patients were younger and more often treated at academic centers. More patients who underwent a transplantation received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (70.3% vs. 12.8%). Patients who underwent transplantation had more pathologic T0 (7.7% vs. 0.4%) and T1 (47.7% vs. 42.1%) tumors (p < .001). There were no differences in length of stay, unplanned readmissions, 30/90‐day mortality, or median survival between groups (36.1 vs. 36.1 months, p = .34). After matching (n = 57/group), there were no differences in postoperative outcomes or survival between transplantation or hepatectomy (36.1 vs. 33.6 months, p = .57).ConclusionAmong patients with ICC, hepatectomy and liver transplantation were associated with similar postoperative outcomes and survival. In light of the resources and chronic immunosuppression required for transplantation, hepatectomy seems preferable for localized ICC.
Economic integration of first‐ and second‐generation immigrants in the Swiss labour market: Does the reason for immigration make a difference?
Authors: Maskileyson Dina , Semyonov Moshe , Davidov Eldad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper focuses on economic disadvantage (loss) or economic advantage (gain) among first‐ and second‐generation immigrants in Switzerland in comparison to the Swiss majority group. We distinguish between economic and noneconomic (political, family reunion, and educational pursuit) immigrants. Utilising data from the 2007 Swiss Health Survey, we found that economic immigrant males are able to attain higher income than the comparable majority group already in the first generation, whereas female economic immigrants manage to do so only in the second generation. Educational male immigrants are doing almost as well in Switzerland as male economic immigrants. In the second generation, female noneconomic immigrants are economically better integrated than their male counterparts when compared to a similar Swiss majority group. Female immigrants are able to close the pay gap with the Swiss majority group. The meaning and implications of the findings are discussed in light of immigration theory in general and the Swiss immigration policy in particular.