bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Broad Mg ii Variability in Quasars with Photoionization: Implications for Reverberation Mapping and Changing-look Quasars
Authors: Guo 郭恒 Hengxiao 潇 , Shen Yue , He Zhicheng , Wang Tinggui , Liu Xin , Wang Shu , Sun Mouyuan , Yang Qian , Kong Minzhi , Sheng Zhenfeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The broad Mg ii line in quasars has distinct variability properties compared with broad Balmer lines: it is less variable and usually does not display a “breathing” mode, the increase in the average cloud distance when luminosity increases. We demonstrate that these variability properties of Mg ii can be reasonably well explained by simple locally optimally emitting cloud (LOC) photoionization models, confirming earlier photoionization results. In the fiducial LOC model, the Mg ii-emitting gas is on average more distant from the ionizing source than the Hα/Hβ gas and responds with a lower amplitude to continuum variations. If the broad-line region (BLR) is truncated at a physical radius of ∼0.3 pc (for a 108.5
M
⊙ BH accreting at Eddington ratio of 0.1), most of the Mg ii flux will always be emitted near this outer boundary and hence will not display breathing. These results indicate that reverberation mapping results on broad Mg ii, while generally more difficult to obtain owing to the lower line responsivity, can still be used to infer the Mg ii BLR size and hence black hole mass. But it is possible that Mg ii does not have a well-defined intrinsic BLR size–luminosity relation for individual quasars, even though a global one for the general population may still exist. The dramatic changes in broad Hα/Hβ emission in the observationally rare changing-look quasars are fully consistent with photoionization responses to extreme continuum variability, and the LOC model provides natural explanations for the persistence of broad Mg ii in changing-look quasars defined on Hα/Hβ and the rare population of broad Mg ii emitters in the spectra of massive inactive galaxies.
Substructure of Visibility Functions from Scattered Radio Emission of Pulsars through Space VLBI
Authors: Popov M. V. , Bartel N. , Burgin M. S. , Gwinn C. R. , Smirnova T. V. , Soglasnov V. A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We report on the substructure of visibility functions in the delay domain of PSRs B0329+54, B0823+26, B0834+06, B1933+16, and B0833–45 (Vela) observed with Earth–Earth and RadioAstron space–Earth two-element interferometers at frequencies of 324 and 1668 MHz. All visibility functions display unresolved spikes distributed over a range of delays. They are due to band-limited scintillation noise and related to the scattering time. The envelopes for each but the Vela pulsar are well fit by a single Lorentzian, which we interpret as being indicative of isotropic scattering on the plane of the sky due to a thin scattering screen between the pulsar and us. In contrast, the envelope for the Vela pulsar needs to be mostly fit by at least two Lorentzians, a narrow and a broad one at the same zero delay. We interpret this characteristic as indicative of anisotropic scattering due to a more complex structure of scattering screens in the supernova remnant. The possibility of describing the delay visibility functions by Lorentzians is likely a general property of pulsars and offers a new way of describing the scattering parameters of the intervening interstellar medium. Furthermore, for all of our pulsars, the unresolved spikes in visibility functions of similar projected baselines were well correlated, indicating that the telescopes are located in the same diffraction spot. The correlation vanished for visibilities from largely different baselines, when some radio telescopes are not in the same spot.
Structural and Dynamical Analysis of 0.1 pc Cores and Filaments in the 30 Doradus-10 Giant Molecular Cloud
Authors: Indebetouw Rémy , Wong Tony , Chen C.-H. Rosie , Kepley Amanda , Lebouteiller Vianney , Madden Suzanne , Oliveira Joana M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
High-resolution (<0.1 pc) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the 30Dor-10 molecular cloud 15 pc north of R136 are presented. The 12CO 2–1 emission morphology contains clumps near the locations of known mid-IR massive protostars, as well as a series of parsec-long filaments oriented almost directly toward R136. There is elevated kinetic energy (line widths at a given size scale) in 30Dor-10 compared to other Large Magellanic Cloud and Galactic star formation regions, consistent with large-scale energy injection to the region. Analysis of the cloud substructures is performed by segmenting emission into disjoint approximately round “cores” using clumpfind, by considering the hierarchical structures defined by isointensity contours using dendrograms, and by segmenting into disjoint long thin “filaments” using Filfinder. Identified filaments have widths ∼0.1 pc. The inferred balance between gravity and kinematic motions depends on the segmentation method: entire objects identified with clumpfind are consistent with freefall collapse or virial equilibrium with moderate external pressure, whereas many dendrogram-identified parts of hierarchical structures have higher mass surface densities ΣLTE than if gravitational and kinetic energies were in balance. Filaments have line masses that vary widely compared to the critical line mass calculated assuming thermal and nonthermal support. Velocity gradients in the region do not show any strong evidence for accretion of mass along filaments. The upper end of the “core” mass distribution is consistent with a power law with the same slope as the stellar initial mass function.
Quasi-periodic Pulsations of Gamma-Ray Emissions from a Solar Flare on 2017 September 6
Authors: Li D. , Kolotkov D. Y. , Nakariakov V. M. , Lu L. , Ning Z. J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We investigate quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) of high-energy nonthermal emissions from an X9.3 flare (SOL2017-Sep-06T11:53), the most powerful flare since the beginning of solar cycle 24. The QPPs are identified as a series of regular and repeating peaks in the light curves in the γ- and hard X-ray (HXR) channels recorded by the Konus-Wind, as well as the radio and microwave fluxes measured by the CALLISTO radio spectrograph during the impulsive phase. The periods are determined from the global wavelet and Fourier power spectra as 24–30 s in the HXR and microwave channels, which are associated with nonthermal electrons, and ∼20 s in the γ-ray band related to nonthermal ions. Both nonthermal electrons and ions may be accelerated by repetitive magnetic reconnection during the impulsive phase. However, we could not rule out other mechanisms, such as magnetohydrodynamic oscillation in a sausage mode. The QPP detected in this study is useful for understanding the particle acceleration and dynamic process in solar flares and also bridging the gap between stellar and solar flares because the energy realm of the X9.3 solar flare is almost comparable to a typical stellar flare.
Identification of Absorption Lines of Heavy Metals in the Wavelength Range 0.97–1.32 μm
Authors: Matsunaga Noriyuki , Taniguchi Daisuke , Jian Mingjie , Ikeda Yuji , Fukue Kei , Kondo Sohei , Hamano Satoshi , Kawakita Hideyo , Kobayashi Naoto , Otsubo Shogo , Sameshima Hiroaki , Takenaka Keiichi , Tsujimoto Takuji , Watase Ayaka , Yasui Chikako , Yoshikawa Tomohiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Stellar absorption lines of heavy elements can give us various insights into the chemical evolution of our Galaxy and other nearby galaxies. Recently developed spectrographs for the near-infrared wavelengths are becoming more and more powerful at producing a large number of high-quality spectra, but identification and characterization of the absorption lines in the infrared range remain to be fulfilled. We searched for lines of elements heavier than the iron group, i.e., those heavier than Ni, in the Y (9760–11100 Å) and J (11600–13200 Å) bands. We considered the lines in three catalogs, i.e., the Vienna Atomic Line Database, the compilation by R. Kurucz, and the list published in 1999 by Meléndez & Barbuy. Candidate lines were selected based on synthetic spectra, and the confirmation was done by using WINERED spectra of 13 giants and supergiants within FGK spectral types (spanning 4000–7200 K in the effective temperature). We have detected lines of Zn i, Sr ii, Y ii, Zr i, Ba ii, Sm ii, Eu ii, and Dy ii, in the order of atomic number. Although the number of the lines is small, 23 in total, they are potentially useful diagnostic lines of the Galactic chemical evolution, especially in those regions for which interstellar extinction hampers detailed chemical analyses with spectra in shorter wavelengths. We also report the detection of lines whose presence was not predicted by the synthetic spectra created with the above three line lists.
Légalité et légitimité. À propos de J. Habermas
Authors: Berten André 
Published: January 2020

La problématique moderne de la légitimité a ouvert une question à laquelle la théorie démocratique a prétendu donner une réponse logique, permettant d’identifier légalité et légitimité. J. Habermas montre que cette théorie est aujourd’hui entrée en crise en raison de ses liens avec une idéologie économique libérale devenue inadéquate. Cependant, il est possible que certains acquis de cette idéologie -entre autres les exigences du rationalisme scientifique et de la morale universaliste- se révèlent irréversibles ; s’il en était ainsi, il faudrait reformuler le principe démocratique dans un cadre nouveau. Dans le cas contraire, on pourrait voir se développer un type inédit de société où les exigences de légitimation deviendraient sans objet.
Imunski sistem žuželk in njihov imunski odziv na entomopatogene glive / Insect immune system and their immune response to entomopathogenic fungi
Authors: Praprotnik Eva , Narat Mojca , Razinger Jaka 
Published: January 2020

IZVLEČEKImunski sistem predstavlja enega izmed najbolj kompleksnih sistemov, saj nadzoruje interakcije med mikroorganizmi in gostitelji. Najbolj kompleksen imunski sistem imajo sesalci, vendar pa imajo tudi žuželke svoj imunski sistem in poznavanje le-tega ima posreden vpliv na ljudi. Težko je oceniti zdravstveni pomen in finančno breme škodljivih žuželk na ljudi. Ocenjuje se, da žuželke letno uničijo približno 15-18 % svetovne produkcije hrane, bolezni, ki jih prenašajo žuželke, pa so odgovorne za več milijonov smrti ljudi in domačih živali letno. To so razlogi, zakaj je že od konca 19. stoletja prejšnjega tisočletja imunski sistem žuželk predmet podrobnih raziskav, z namenom odkrivanja metod za biološki nadzor nad škodljivimi žuželkami. Namen tega prispevka je obravnavanje tematike in razjasnitev določenih pojmov v slovenskem jeziku, saj je slovensko izrazoslovje na področju imunskega obrambnega sistema nevretenčarjev pomanjkljivo. Ključne besede: imunski sistem žuželk, entomopatogene glive, imunske signalne poti, parazitizem ABSTRACTThe immune system is one of the most complex systems, as it controls the interactions between microorganisms and hosts. Mammals have the most complex immune system, however insects also have their immune system and improved knowledge of it has an indirect effect on human life quality. It is difficult to assess the health significance and financial burden of harmful insects on humans. It is estimated that insects annually destroy approximately 15-18 % of global food production; furthermore insect-borne diseases are responsible for millions of deaths of people and domestic animals annually. Immune system of insects has been the subject of detailed research since the end of the 19th century in order to discover practical methods for the biological control of harmful insects. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and clarify certain concepts in the Slovenian language, since the Slovenian terminology of invertebrate immune system is sometimes inadequate. Keywords: insect immune system, entomopathogenic fungi, immune signaling pathways, parasitism
Towards an operational Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) retrieval product
Authors: Eriksson Patrick , Rydberg Bengt , Mattioli Vinia , Thoss Anke , Accadia Christophe , Klein Ulf , Buehler Stefan A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The second generation of the EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS-SG) will include the
Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), the first operational sensor covering sub-millimetre
wavelengths. Three copies of ICI will be launched that together will give a
measurement time series exceeding 20 years. Due to the novelty of ICI, preparing
the data processing is especially important and challenging. This paper
focuses on activities related to the operational product planned, but also
presents basic technical characteristics of the instrument. A retrieval
algorithm based on Bayesian Monte Carlo integration has been developed. The
main retrieval quantities are ice water path (IWP), mean mass height (Zm)
and mean mass diameter (Dm). A novel part of the algorithm is that it fully
presents the inversion as a description of the posterior probability
distribution. This is preferred for ICI as its retrieval errors do not always
follow Gaussian statistics. A state-of-the-art retrieval database is used to
test the algorithm and to give an updated estimate of the retrieval
performance. The degrees of freedom in measured radiances, and consequently
the retrieval precision, vary with cloud situation. According to present
simulations, IWP, Zm and Dm can be determined with 90 % confidence at
best inside 50 %, 700 m and 50 µm, respectively. The
retrieval requires that the data from the 13 channels of ICI are
remapped to a common footprint. First estimates of the errors introduced by
this remapping are also presented.
El entenado, de Juan José Saer: “nueva crónica de Indias”, “nueva novela histórica”, “metaficción historiográfica”, “ficción y de archivo” y “novela neobarroca”
Authors: Crespo-Vila Raquel 
Published: January 2020

Desde los distintos marcos interpretativos que se han propuesto para una aproximación crítica a la marcada eclosión de lo histórico en la última narrativa latinoamericana, el artículo que sigue propone una serie de notas para la lectura de la obra de Juan José Saer, El entenado (1983), atendiendo, de un modo especial, aunque no excluyente, al componente metafictivo e intertextual de la obra, en tanto patrones narrativos concomitantes y subyacentes a todos los programas analíticos considerados.
La aparición de las vestiduras litúrgicas del cristianismo occidental en la iconografía tardoantigua y altomedieval
Authors: Pazos-López Ángel 
Published: January 2020

El artículo presenta algunos apuntes sobre la incorporación de las vestiduras litúrgicas a las representaciones iconográficas del culto cristiano en la Antigüedad Tardía y la Alta Edad Media. Para ello se señalan los principales problemas historiográficos y las fuentes más relevantes para reconstruir los orígenes de las prendas litúrgicas del rito romano. A continuación, se propone un recorrido por algunos ejemplos figurativos que permiten trazar la primera historia visual de los ornamentos sagrados, prestando especial atención a tres focos. En primer lugar, la presencia de las vestiduras litúrgicas en los programas pictóricos murarios y musivarios de los primeros siglos. En segundo lugar, la representación de los clérigos y sus ornamentos en pequeñas piezas altomedievales de marfil. Finalmente, la codificación del atuendo sagrado en el desarrollo de la incipiente iluminación litúrgica de los siglos IX y X.
Modality force and syntax in an understudied class of reduced why-questions in English
Authors: Zaitsu Anissa 
Published: January 2020

This paper analyzes the syntactic and interpretive components of a frequently used but understudied type of reduced why-question in English, referred to as Why-VP, as in why take Structure of Japanese? Using a substantial corpus of naturally occurring examples, it is argued that why in Why-VP is in fact a head which selects a null infinitival head, hosting in its specifier a structural subject, pro, and which in turn selects the familiar verbal projections (Voice/V). Previous work on Why-VP has suggested that it is necessarily elliptical and that it is necessarily rhetorical (conveying a preference). These assumptions led to proposals appealing to special compositional technologies. Analysis of the naturally-occurring examples, however, reveals that Why-VP retains a true interrogative interpretation. The syntactic structure proposed, in which Why-VP is an infinitival wh-question, predicts that it should have a modal interpretation, following Bhatt’s (1999) analysis of covert modality in embedded wh-infinitivals. It is the modal interpretation characteristic of Why-VP that contributes to the rhetorical flavor, but that also allows for the genuine-question reading. Thus, we need rely only on independently available and familiar compositional mechanisms to understand the observed pragmatic effects.
Ley de Protección de Glaciares: el devenir de un conflicto socioambiental
Authors: Herrera Perez Javiera , Segovia Alexis 
Published: January 2020

El proyecto de ley de protección de glaciares ha suscitado gran interés político, empresarial, social y científico y se ha constituido como un conflicto socioambiental que va más allá de un territorio específico y que ha permitido en la expresión de los argumentos, a uno y otro lado, evidenciar diferentes miradas sobre el país, diferentes formas de percibir el desarrollo económico y que ha evolucionado desde un conflicto por elementos altamente tangibles (territorio, agua) hacia temas éticos y valóricos que cuestionan la institucionalidad del país y los paradigmas actuales de desarrollo.
Esta investigación plantea que el conflicto tiene su origen en el proyecto Pascua Lama y que ha evolucionado en la demanda de no repetir dicha experiencia, por lo que se indaga sobre la cronología del conflicto a través de la recopilación de notas de prensa y otras fuentes de información, analizando los hitos, sus actores y sus elementos, cosmovisiones y paradigmas, evidenciando que un conflicto puntual en un territorio determinado y vinculado a un proyecto específico, puede manifestarse como un problema de mucha mayor envergadura y alcance territorial a razón de una inadecuada gestión del conflicto puntual.
Propuesta de sistematización de los elementos de la investigación jurídica. Resultado de una experiencia
Authors: El Fakih Rodríguez Fatima Josefina , Gonzáles Reinoza Javier Enrique 
Published: January 2020

En doctrina se acepta la afirmación de que el Derecho se puede examinar desde tres categorías epistemológicas: la normativa que lo reconoce en tanto que regla de conducta; la factual, que da cuenta de la comprensión del Derecho como un hecho social y la valorativa, que entiende el Derecho a modo de un sistema de valores según los cuales las normas fundamentan su esencia. Cada una de estas áreas carga la tinta sobre un modelo de investigación diferente, con elementos que varían según el área del saber jurídico en la cual se desarrolla.
Como resultado de las disertaciones en una clase de investigación jurídica, perteneciente a un curso de primer año de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Católica de Temuco, surge una propuesta de sistematización teórica que intenta organizar la relación entre los elementos de la investigación jurídica y las áreas del conocimiento jurídico, logrando así una herramienta didáctica para los estudiantes que comienzan a investigar, sobre la base de la importancia de la investigación como recurso epistemológico generador de conocimiento y facilitando el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Esta investigación es de carácter conceptual, comparativa y sistemática.
Nobleza y disciplina: construcción del lenguaje para el refinamiento de una belleza
Authors: Ulloa Pablo Ignacio 
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo corresponde a una mirada respecto a la dimensión de nuestra existencia ligada al hacer y en cómo disciplinas creativas relativas a la producción confluyen para construir el imaginario formal y material de nuestra época.
Esto requiere volver a preguntarse por la manera en que nuestros objetos construyen el relato cultural de nuestros tiempos y en cómo disciplinas afines encuentran el lenguaje para la construcción de una ética en virtud de un objetivo común.
A eso apunta este artículo, a reflexionar sobre ciertos elementos que dibujan las líneas del hacer para las distintas disciplinas y busca plantear ciertas bases para las preguntas de valor respecto a la producción, cuando el objetivo está tanto en la funcionalidad como en la dimensión espiritual de los objetos que nos rodean.
Es un planteamiento sobre la pregunta ética que surge en la vinculación del diseño con la artesanía y de la manera en que el diseño puede mediar en el lenguaje social para una valoración del producto artesanal más allá de lo mercantil, sino en virtudes como la belleza, la nobleza y arte de un objeto.
Geochemie a radioaktivita paleozoických hornin na listech 15-31 Bruntál a 15-33 Moravský Beroun a jejich souvislost se složením variské hydrotermální mineralizace
Authors: Zimák Jiří , Slobodník Marek , Pořádek Přemysl 
Published: January 2020

This paper deals with the natural radioactivity of Palaeozoic rocks on the map sheets 15- 31 Bruntál and 15-33 Moravský Beroun in the NE part of the Bohemian Massif. Studied rocks belong to the Vrbno Group (greenschists and phyllites) and mainly to the MoravoSilesian Palaeozoic, particulary to the Andělská Hora, Horní Benešov and Moravice Fms. Potassium, uranium and thorium contents were measured in 1 596 rock samples using a laboratory gamma–ray spectrometer, values of mass activity of 226Ra equivalent (am) were calculated. The average am of analysed rock samples is 138 Bq.kg-1. This value is very close to the am value calculated for the average continental crust. Natural radioactivity of flysch sedimentary rocks of the Andělská Hora, Horní Benešov and Moravice Fms. (1 350 analysed samples, avg. am = 150 Bq.kg-1) grows from psefi tes (conglomerates) to psammites (dominating greywackes) up to the group of aleurites and pelites (siltstones, silty shales, clay shales). The highest uranium and thorium contents, along with other metals (Cs, Ga, Rb, Sn, Zr, La, Ce, Pb, Zn, As) were found in flysch rocks of the Horní Benešov Fm. in the area near Valšov: greywacke shows content up to 13 ppm U and 25 ppm Th (am = 364 Bq.kg-1) and siltstone up to 21 ppm U and 43 ppm Th (am = 624 Bq.kg-1). Low-grade metamorphic mobilization of elements is documented by hydrothermal minerals in syntectonic quartz veins which are e.g. fluorite, sulphides, REE-bearing phases, U-bearing phases.