bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Application of Immunohistochemistry and Warthin-Starry Silver Stain on the Pathologic Diagnosis of Cat Scratch Disease
Authors: Peng Jinwu , Fan Zhuoyang , Zheng Hongmei , Lu Junmi , Zhan Yuting 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious disorder caused primarily by the bacterium Bartonella henselae (B. henselae). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Warthin-Starry silver stain (WS) are considered to be indispensable to diagnose CSD in combination with morphologic characteristics. In this study, we retrieved and reviewed 46 cases of paraffin-embedded lymphadenitis with histologic and/or clinical suspicion of CSD between 2014 and 2018, and detected B. henselae by IHC and WS, respectively, and evaluated the application significance of IHC and WS for the detection of B. henselae and validated their values in the pathologic diagnosis of CSD.

Materials and Methods:

B. henselae was detected by IHC and WS; validation of 2 methods for detecting B. henselae was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, false-positive rate, false-negative rate, precision, negative predictive value, and agreement rate.

Results:
Microscopically, suppurative granulomas and/or multiple stellate microabscesses were observed in the accessory cortex of lymph nodes, especially near the subcapsule. Our results showed that 80.4% (37/46) of cases were positive for B. henselae by IHC, manifesting mainly punctuate, granular, or linear to outline the shape of bacteria. However, the positive rate of B. henselae by the WS method was 52.2% (24/46). There was a significant difference between IHC and WS (P=0.023). Moreover, a positive percentage of B. henselae was 97.8% (45/46), which was detected by the combined application of IHC and WS. The combination of IHC and WS exhibited high sensitivity (97.8%) and good agreement rate (86.5%).

Conclusion:
The combined application of the IHC and WS method may have important clinical advantages, which is with the highest sensitivity and agreement rate for pathologic diagnosis of CSD.
Evaluation of Learning Effectiveness After a Simulation-Based Training Pediatric Course for Emergency Physicians
Authors: Ansquer Raihei , Oriot Denis , Ghazali Daniel Aiham 
Published: January 2020

Introduction
For emergency physicians, pediatric emergencies represent rare and challenging situations. Simulation-based training (SBT) is increasingly used in medical education and recommended for implementation in the curriculum and postgraduate training.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to explore the self-assessment of emergency physicians' and residents' clinical practice in pediatric emergency care after SBT.

Methods
We surveyed emergency physicians and residents who successfully took a course of Pediatric Emergency Procedures (University of Poitiers, France) between 2010 and 2015. The course included didactics 50% of the time, and simulation the other 50%. According to Kirkpatrick model, 3 levels were approached: satisfaction, learning (knowledge, skills, and attitudes), and changes in clinical practice. The main results are expressed in numbers (percentages).

Results
One hundred percent of the 46 included emergency physicians and residents were satisfied with the course. Sixty-nine percent agreed with the realism of low-fidelity simulation, whereas 22% disagreed. Ninety-six percent agreed with high-fidelity simulator realism. One hundred percent of responders perceived a gain in knowledge, 98% in practical skill, and 83% in improved self-confidence. Among the clinical practice changes, 91% involved anticipation, 81% procedural skills, 92% algorithms, and 79% communication and teamwork. One hundred percent expressed the wish to repeat simulation sessions at a rate of 2 ± 1 sessions per year.

Conclusions
Self-assessment of the Pediatric Emergency Procedures university course was very positive. According to the participants, this type of SBT on very specific pediatric emergency cares should be integrated to the emergency resident's curriculum. As regards pediatric emergency care, particularly dealing with low-volume, high-stake procedures, the participants were favorable to further, more regular simulation training.
Diagnostic Performance of a Staged Pathway for Imaging Acute Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Ahmad Tahani , Khdair Ahmad Fareed , Manson David 
Published: January 2020

Introduction
The objective of this work is to assess the performance of our staged diagnostic pathway in the evaluation of suspected appendicitis cases in children. The pathway consisted of clinical assessment by the emergency physician, performing initial ultrasound (US), consultation, and clinical reevaluation by the surgery team followed by a repeat focused US scan in inconclusive cases. Computed tomography (CT) was limited to cases where the repeat US remained inconclusive and the clinical reassessment indicated persistent concerns for appendicitis.

Method
Retrospective review of the electronic medical records of 206 consecutive children who presented to our emergency department with acute abdominal pain and underwent US examination for suspected appendicitis. The imaging findings, management plan, and surgical outcome (in those who underwent surgery) were reviewed. The diagnostic performance of the initial US, repeat US, and the full imaging protocol were evaluated including the negative appendectomy rate (NAR) and the number of CT scans performed.

Results
Of the 206 cases, 73 (35.4%) had appendicitis. Computed tomography was performed in 9 (4.3%) of 206 cases. The US/CT ratio was 23:1. Our approach showed a diagnostic accuracy of 95.6% (197/206), sensitivity of 97.3% (73/75), specificity of 93.7% (124/133), positive predictive value of 89.0% (73/82), and negative predictive value of 98.7% (82/95). The NAR was 2.7% (2/72). The accuracy of the protocol is higher than that of the initial US alone (61.2%; 126/206) and that of the repeat US (84.2%; 16/19).

Conclusion
The strategy of repeating limited focused US followed by CT scan in cases that remain inconclusive has good diagnostic accuracy and reasonable NAR and decreases the number of CT scans.
A Quality Initiative to Decrease Time to Antibiotics in Children with Sickle Cell Disease and Fever
Authors: McKinney Christopher , Caruso-Brown Amy , Montgomery Kathleen , Gillespie Anne , Coughlin Rebecca , Law Dawn , Brouwer Anna , Tytler Lauren , Hilden Joanne , Nuss Rachelle 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:
Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for sepsis secondary to functional asplenia. Timely administration of antibiotics, within 60 minutes of triage, is a national indicator of quality SCD care in the United States. However, there are no reports demonstrating the feasibility of doing so in the outpatient hematology–oncology clinic setting.

Local Problem:
At baseline, in our pediatric hematology–oncology outpatient center, just 10% of children with SCD and fever received timely antibiotics.

Methods:
We implemented a process improvement initiative for children with SCD and fever with the aim of ≥90% receiving timely antibiotics. We enacted interventions focused on general clinic processes from check-in to antibiotics and population-specific interventions, including an intravenous access protocol, notification/communication among staff members, and design of an electronic order set.

Results:
The percentage of children receiving timely antibiotics improved from 10% to 77% with successful maintenance following the interventions. Residual delays are due to nonexpeditious order placement and difficult intravenous access.

Conclusion:
Improving the timely administration of antibiotics in the outpatient hematology–oncology clinic setting for children with SCD and fever is possible. Achieving at least 90% timely antibiotics for children with SCD and fever in the outpatient clinic setting will require ongoing efforts at expeditious order placement and intravenous access.
Brief Report: Accuracy in Self-Report of Viral Suppression Among HIV-Positive Men With HIV-Negative Male Partners
Authors: Stephenson Rob , Bratcher Anna , Mimiaga Matthew J. , Garofalo Robert , Hidalgo Marco A. , Hoehnle Samuel , Sullivan Patrick S. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Among men who have sex with men, there is now clear evidence that the risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex when the HIV-positive partner is virally suppressed is effectively zero. However, an understanding of the accuracy of reporting of viral load among serodiscordant same-sex male couples is missing from the literature.

Setting:
This analysis uses data from the baseline sample of Stronger Together, a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an innovative dyadic intervention to enhance antiretroviral therapy adherence for HIV serodiscordant male couples in 3 US cities (Atlanta, Boston, and Chicago).

Methods:
Biomarker-confirmed and self-reported measures of viral load were used to assess the accuracy of self-report of viral suppression. In this descriptive analysis, the percentage of men who inaccurately reported being virally suppressed is compared across demographic, relationship, and HIV care characteristics.

Results:
Results confirm those of other recent studies that have shown relatively high levels of inaccuracy in reporting of viral suppression. Although 72.5% of men could accurately report their viral load status, 20% reported that they were virally suppressed when they did not have a biomarker-confirmed measure of viral suppression.

Conclusion:
These results highlight the need to provide interventions to men who have sex with men living with HIV to support access to care and ensure current knowledge of viral load and to continue to support primary prevention of HIV through condom use and pre-exposure prophylaxis. For couples, particularly serodiscordant male couples, interventions that can teach the couple how to collaborate to achieve and maintain viral suppression for the positive partner are an urgent and pragmatic programmatic priority that can equip couples with the knowledge required to correctly implement U = U strategies.
The Past as Seen by Women and Men With Alzheimer Disease
Authors: El Haj Mohamad , Boutoleau-Bretonnière Claire , Gallouj Karim 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Although there is a large body of research demonstrating the negative effects of Alzheimer disease (AD) on autobiographical memory (ie, memory of personal information), little is known about sex differences in autobiographical retrieval in AD.

Methods:
We addressed this issue by inviting patients with AD and healthy control participants to retrieve autobiographical memories and analyzed them with regard to specificity, subjective experience (ie, time travel, emotion, and visual imagery), and retrieval time.

Results:
Analyses demonstrated no significant differences between women and men with AD with regard to autobiographical specificity, time travel, visual imagery, or retrieval time. However, the higher emotional value was attributed to memories by women with AD than by men with AD.

Discussion:
AD seems to equally affect the ability of women and men with AD to construct specific autobiographical memories, to mentally travel in time to relive these memories, to construct mental visual images during memory retrieval, and to organize and monitor search processes, as the latter are mirrored by retrieval time. However, women with AD seem to attribute greater emotional value to autobiographical memories than men with AD.
Sleep Quality and Quality of Life in Older Women With Urinary Incontinence Residing in Turkey
Authors: Yılmaz Bulut Tuba , Altay Birsen 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE:
The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep quality and quality of life in older women with urinary incontinence.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional.

SUBJECTS/SETTING:
Women ages 65 to 84 years with reported urinary incontinence and were receiving care in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinic in Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinic, Medical Practice and Research Center, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.

METHODS:
Data were collected over a 3-month period during one-on-one interviews using the investigator-developed Personal Information Form to capture demographic data, and with questionnaires including the Incontinence-Quality of Life Instrument (I-QOL), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

RESULTS:
We approached 210 individuals, of which 140 were consented, enrolled, and completed the study. The mean age of participants was 70.3 ± 4.1 years. The mean sleep quality score measured with the PSQI was 9.6 ± 6.0, suggesting poor sleep quality, which affected 89.3% of the sample. The quality-of-life mean total score measured with the I-QOL was 67.8 ± 14.9, reflecting normal quality of life specific to urinary incontinence. However, quality of life was lower in the older age group, 75 to 84 years, who also reported at least one chronic condition, had not received treatment for urinary incontinence, and had irregular sleep patterns.

CONCLUSIONS:
We found a strong correlation between sleep quality and quality of life in older females with urinary incontinence, raising awareness of the need for health care providers to inquire about sleep and quality of life and provide treatment options to ameliorate these negative health outcomes.
Feasibility of the Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen in the Assessment of Individuals Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Weiss Alan Michael , Brown Nicole , Wainwright Robert , Newtown Christopher , Schofield Peter William 
Published: January 2020

Background
Monitoring for cognitive deficits during a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is recommended, but cognitive assessment can be time consuming. The Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS) is a cognitive test instrument with good psychometric properties that places minimal demands on clinicians' time, but until now, it has not been formally evaluated for monitoring cognition in the context of ECT treatment.

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the feasibility/utility of using the ARCS in the assessment of depressed patients undergoing ECT.

Methods
Depressed patients undergoing ECT were tested with the ARCS and a comparison instrument, the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), in counterbalance order immediately before any ECT and after the sixth ECT treatment episode. Apathy (Apathy Scale) and depression (Profile of Mood states Short Form) were measured on both occasions. Analyses compared performances on the 2 cognitive instruments and examined for associations with the measures of apathy or depression.

Results
Twenty-eight individuals (9 male, 19 female) aged 19 to 84 years underwent testing. Performances on the total ARCS were similar to those on the total RBANS, and both showed decline from baseline to follow-up. The total ARCS and RBANS measures correlated well (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). Neither apathy nor depression scores were significantly associated with scores on either the RBANS or ARCS.

Conclusions
The ARCS was acceptable and convenient in the assessment of cognition in patients undergoing treatment with ECT. In light of its practical advantages, further evaluation of the ARCS for detecting cognitive impairment and tracking cognitive changes during ECT seems warranted.
Crowdsourced mapping extends the target space of kinase inhibitors
Authors: Cichonska Anna , Ravikumar Balaguru , Allaway Robert J , Park Sungjoon , Wan Fangping , Isayev Olexandr , Li Shuya , Mason Michael , Lamb Andrew , Tanoli Ziaurrehman , Jeon Minji , Kim Sunkyu , Popova Mariya , Capuzzi Stephen , Zeng Jianyang , Dang Kristen , Koytiger Gregory , Kang Jaewoo , Wells Carrow I. , Willson Timothy M. ,   The IDG-DREAM Drug-Kinase Binding Prediction Challenge Consortium, Oprea Tudor I. , Schlessinger Avner , Drewry David H. , Stolovitzky Gustavo , Wennerberg Krister , Guinney Justin , Aittokallio Tero 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite decades of intensive search for compounds that modulate the activity of particular targets, there are currently small-molecules available only for a small proportion of the human proteome. Effective approaches are therefore required to map the massive space of unexplored compound-target interactions for novel and potent activities. Here, we carried out a crowdsourced benchmarking of predictive models for kinase inhibitor potencies across multiple kinase families using unpublished bioactivity data. The top-performing predictions were based on kernel learning, gradient boosting and deep learning, and their ensemble resulted in predictive accuracy exceeding that of kinase activity assays. We then made new experiments based on the model predictions, which further improved the accuracy of experimental mapping efforts and identified unexpected potencies even for under-studied kinases. The open-source algorithms together with the novel bioactivities between 95 compounds and 295 kinases provide a resource for benchmarking new prediction algorithms and for extending the druggable kinome.
Thin layer immunoassay; an economical approach to diagnoseHelicobacter pyloriInfection in gastroduodenal ulcer disease patients of Pakistan; a comparative analysis
Authors: Aziz Faisal , Taj Yasmeen , Kazmi Shahana Urooj 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHelicobacter pyloriis a causative agent of gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers and gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastric patient’s serums were screened forH. pyloriinfection by thin layer immunoassay. A polystyrene plate coated withH. pylorisonicate whole cell antigen (10 μg/ml). Two fold-diluted patient’s serum was allowed to react at 37 °C, incubated at 60 °C for 1 min over water bath and recorded water condensation pattern forH. pyloriantibody. Gastric patient’s blood samples (62% male and 6% female) were tested positive forH. pylori,while agewise 15–25 years males (36%) and 65–75 years females (50%) showed highest number ofH. pyloriinfection. Thin layer immunoassay showed sensitivity (72–67%), specificity (100%), accuracy (94–69%) and κ value (0.493–0.357) in comparison with wELISA, sELISA and kELISA. We conclude thin layer immunoassay was reliable, low cost, quick, simple and clinically useful method forH. pyloridiagnosis in patients of Pakistan.
Predictive feedback, early sensory representations and fast responses to predicted stimuli depend on NMDA receptors
Authors: Mohanta Sounak , Afrasiabi Mohsen , Casey Cameron , Tanabe Sean , Redinbaugh Michelle J. , Kambi Niranjan A. , Phillips Jessica M. , Polyakov Daniel , Filbey William , Austerweil Joseph L. , Sanders Robert D. , Saalmann Yuri B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLearned associations between stimuli allow us to model the world and make predictions, crucial for efficient behavior; e.g., hearing a siren, we expect to see an ambulance and quickly make way. While there are theoretical and computational frameworks for prediction, the circuit and receptor-level mechanisms are unclear. Using high-density EEG, Bayesian modeling and machine learning, we show that inferred “causal” relationships between stimuli and frontal alpha activity account for reaction times (a proxy for predictions) on a trial-by-trial basis in an audio-visual delayed match-to-sample task which elicited predictions. Predictive beta feedback activated sensory representations in advance of predicted stimuli. Low-dose ketamine, a NMDA receptor blocker – but not the control drug dexmedetomidine – perturbed behavioral indices of predictions, their representation in higher-order cortex, feedback to posterior cortex and pre-activation of sensory templates in higher-order sensory cortex. This study suggests predictions depend on alpha activity in higher-order cortex, beta feedback and NMDA receptors, and ketamine blocks access to learned predictive information.
Hydrogen evolution and absorption phenomena in plasma membrane of higher plants
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Zhao , Su Zehua , Zhao Qinghui , LeBaron Tyler W. , Li Qinjian , Lyu Baobei , Adzavon Yao Mawulikplimi , Liu Guangyang , Liu Mengyu , Xie Fei , Zhao Pengxiang , Ma Xuemei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMolecular hydrogen (H2) exhibits a wide breadth of botanical effects especially in improving the resistance to abiotic stress. However, the primary target is not clear. Bidirectional hydrogenases have been well studied in microbes and alga, but there is a paucity of research in higher plants. Here, we used real-time spectrophotometry, gas chromatography and H2sensor to detect the H2-evolving and H2-uptake activity of the plasma membrane (PM) vesicles of higher plants. Net H+, Na+and K+fluxes were measured using Non-invasive Micro-test Technology (NMT). We found that the PM vesicles ofVigna radiatahypocotyls andCapsicum annuumstems have the ability of both oxidizing and producing H2. This two-way enzymatic activity coupled with the redox of ferricyanide/ferrocyanide and NADH/NAD+. H2affected the H+and Na+fluxes on the surface ofV. radiatahypocotyls. These results demonstrate that the PM vesicles of higher plants have the abilities of H2evolution and absorption. The bidirectional activities may act as a valve to regulate the energy balance in plant cells.
Detection of phylogenetic core groups in diverse microbial ecosystems
Authors: Parras-Moltó Marcos , de Cárcer Daniel Aguirre 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe detection and subsequent analysis of phylogenetic core groups (PCGs) in a microbial ecosystem has been recently proposed as a potentially important analytical framework with which to increase our understanding of its structure and function. However, it was still unclear whether PCGs represented an infrequent phenomenon in nature. Here we provide evidence of PCGs in a large and diverse array of environments, which seems to indicate that their existence is indeed a predominant feature of microbial ecosystems. Moreover, we offer dedicated scripts to examine the presence and characteristics of PCGs in other microbial community datasets.
Adult mice lacking VIP SCN neurons retain circadian locomotor behavior but exhibit dampened daily glucocorticoid rhythms
Authors: Mazuski Cristina , Chen Samantha P. , Herzog Erik D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives circadian rhythms in locomotion through coupled, single-cell oscillations. Global genetic deletion of the neuropeptide,Vipor its receptorVipr2, results in profound deficits in daily synchrony among SCN cells and daily rhythms in locomotor behavior and glucocorticoid secretion. To test whether this phenotype depends on VIP neurons in the SCN, we ablated VIP SCN neuronsinvivo in adult mice through Caspase3-mediated induction of the apoptotic pathway in cre-expressing VIP neurons. We found that ablation of VIP SCN neurons in adult mice caused a phenotype distinct fromVip-andVipr2-null mice. Mice lacking VIP neurons retained rhythmic locomotor activity with a shortened circadian period, more variable onsets and decreased duration of daily activity. Circadian hormonal outputs, specifically corticosterone rhythms were severely dampened. In contrast, deletion of neonatal SCN VIP neurons dramatically reduced circadian gene expression in the cultured SCN, mimicking the effects of global deletion ofViporVipr2. These results suggest that SCN VIP neurons play a role in lengthening circadian period and stimulating the daily surge in glucocorticoids in adults and in synchronizing and sustaining daily rhythms among cells in the developing SCN.Significance StatementThe importance of the neuropeptide, VIP, for circadian rhythms has been described in mice lacking the gene forVipor its receptor,Vipr2. This study found that ablation of VIP neurons only in the adult SCN reproduced the loss of circadian rhythms in glucocorticoids, but not the loss of circadian locomotor behavior, seen with global loss of VIP signaling. We conclude that VIP SCN neurons play two roles: one in adulthood lengthening circadian period and regulating circadian outputs, and one in development coordinating synchrony among circadian cells.