bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of UN-Habitat and ICLEI cooperation through Urban-LEDS program towards the development of low-emission cities in Indonesia
Authors: Zalsabila F , Cangara A R , Burhanuddin A , Baharuddin A , Marifat I D N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study indicates that there are several supporting factors and challenges encountered in the implementation of Urban-LEDS in Indonesia. The supporting factors cover: (1) the initial involvement of Indonesia in its global commitments related to efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as Indonesia’s ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol, entailing the efforts on mitigating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emission; (2) the existence of regional planning and policies suited with the conditions and requirements of targeted cities of low-emission city development; and (3) multiple parties collaboration aiming to increase institutional capacity to carry out low emissions development. The biggest challenge of Urban-LEDS implementation, however, remains on the absence of regulation catering to the over-usage of motorized vehicles.
Reference tracking of dynamic system using prefilter and integral extension
Authors: Teto Jean Oscard Domguia , Jörg Seewig 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a control approach for reference tracking in state-space that combines two existing methods for designing two degrees-of-freedom controllers for reference tracking is presented. One of these methods is the use of a prefilter V to scale the reference input in order to compensate the existing DC-Gain of the closed-loop behavior. The second approach incorporates an integral extension in the state-space model by integrating the measured output and embedding it in the dynamic of the system to be controlled. Each of these approaches has advantages as well as disadvantages. By merging these two methods, the goal is to use the advantages of each method to overcome their drawbacks simultaneously.
A Physical-Based Observer for Vehicle State Estimation and Road Condition Monitoring
Authors: Lenzo B , Ottomano G , Strano S , Terzo M , Tordela C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The performance of the vehicle’s active safety systems depends on accurate knowledge of the vehicle state, and the frictional forces resulting from tyre contact and the road surface. This paper aims to estimate the vehicle states and tyre-road coefficient of friction through and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), integrated with the Double-Track model and the Pacejka Magic Formula that allows knowledge of the lateral force of the tyre. Besides, this approach can estimate the overall coefficient of lateral friction on each side of the vehicle, left and right respectively. Simulations based on a reference vehicle model are performed on different road surfaces and driving manoeuvres to verify the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method, in order to obtain good performance from different vehicle control systems.
An Active Compliance Control for A Robotic Wound Closure System
Authors: Currie Edward H. , Zhao Y. M , Kavoussi Louis , Rabbany Sina Y. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Most approaches to medical robotic compliance control rely upon forces, or torques, exerted on the mechanical arm links. The majority of robotic arms allow only position control, and orientation, of the end-effector. This paper uses a soft control technique to develop a position-correction, impedance method that leads to similar responses to the contact environment for simulation. The system is applied to control the contact force between a fixture and the skin in a robotic, vision-controlled, wound closure system. The experimental results show that the algorithm is successful in controlling contact force in fixture placement on different skin models.
The Innovation of Using 3D Printing Technology in Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Authors: Ahmed Waleed , Zaneldin Essam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the main challenges that the educator faces in integrating 3D printing technology in a traditional engineering course in the capability of introducing and merging the 3d printing technology at the right educational material. The paper aims to present the challenges and the achievements of integrating 3D printing technology in teaching design and manufacturing courses in the mechanical engineering department to enhance the students’ skills and engagement with the course material. One of the course experiments was nominated to introduce the 3D printing technology, where the students were asked to use the systematic design method as well as design matrix procedure to explore different options to come up with a solution to hold a mechanical component for quality control task. Besides, the students had to design an engineering measurement procedure to achieve the assigned mission of the experiment, where the mechanical part was described to present the main dimensions needed for the measurement sequence. Different groups submitted innovative ideas that were evaluated initially and discussed individually before submitting the final design and the holder prototype. The students presented a functional 3D printed prototype with a full report that clarifies the engineering procedure adopted to achieve the goal of the experiment. The innovation in the addressed solution revealed the importance of 3D printing technology to enhance the students’ skill and engagement with the course material and help them to encounter challenges to come up with creative engineering solutions.
Practical Reduction of Harmonics for Induction Generator with Simulator Mini Micro Hydro for Educational Purposes
Authors: Bakhri Syaiful , Dinata Seflahir , Toriqul Amien M , Saputra Yanwar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Micro Hydro Power Plant as one of the power generation that relies on waterfalls or river flows as the driving force. The generator produces harmonic voltage and current waves where these waves are a distorted wave disturbance causing multiplication in the fundamental frequency. This study aims to demonstrate practical and straightforward approaches to implement the appropriate filters in reducing harmonics in an induction generator for the micro hydropower. This approach could be useful for standalone rural/remote applications with a minimum competency of an electrical engineer to arranged the hydropower as well as for educational purposes at universities. Mini custom made micro-hydro simulator is employed. Two selected filters were chosen, i.e., Band Pass Filters and High Order Passive Filters as the harmonic dampers. The Bandpass filter able to reduce voltage harmonics without load, which is THDv 0.33% to 0.26% even though it is still far in the IEEE standard, i.e. 5%, and the bandpass filter does not affect while the system connected with the load. The high order passive filter can reduce the harmonic wave with THD 67 % becomes THDi 0.003% and THDv 0.40% to 0.17%. It was demonstrated that the applicability of this filter at the simulator could be employed to adjust the harmonics for the generated output of micro-hydro.
Interpretation of the category of “complex” in terms of dialectical positivism
Authors: Vitulyova Yelizaveta S , Bakirov Akhat S , Baipakbayeva Saltanat T , Suleimenov Ibragim E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The interpretation of the category of complex is given on the basis of dialectical positivism, in the framework of which the principle of dialectic symmetry is formulated. It, in turn, is based on the consideration of matter and information as paired dialectic categories. In accordance with this principle, information objects form a hierarchy similar to that which corresponds to different levels of matter organization (mechanical, chemical, biological, social). As “complex”, one should interpret the system that is the medium for the information object at least one level higher than the level related to trivial information (that is, one that is inextricably linked with the object itself). This level is the level corresponding to estranged information (simplifying information about a certain object recorded on another medium).
An Analytical Approach of Integrating Automated Load Scheduling to a Smart Energy Meter using Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Vikram Aditya , Karna Dhairya , Kumar Astitva , Rizwan Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Leading-edge power systems which are employed in present-day scenario are significantly complex, extensively distributed and populous. Rising costs of generating power, ever-increasing demand for electricity and shortage of resources have led to introduction of applications of optimal power systems. Hence Smart Energy Meters (SEMs) and highly efficient algorithms are required to facilitate Automated Load Scheduling (ALS). The latest optimization methods for ALS which works on the principle of genetics and natural selection has been presented in the paper. Differential Evolution (DE) is a simple numerical optimization approach that is easy to implement and significantly faster and robust. This article presents a novel mathematical modelling approach for the minimization of the energy consumption. The paper proposes an in depth modelling approach for ALS considering numerous aspects of the DE: initialization, mutation, crossover and selection. Case-studies have been made which include multiple aspects of non-linearities like prohibited zones of operation and transmission losses. The performance of DE based ALS algorithm was implemented using Python and evaluated at the test site in New Delhi which integrates a local renewable energy source (Local PV Grid) with an SEM. The Peak-to-Average (PAR) Ratio was used as a measure of evaluation. The proposed algorithm saved up to 19.42% power in the best-case scenario.
Molecular Complexity of Working Fluids Dedicated to Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Authors: Matuszewska Dominika 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants are the most well-known and mature technology used to converting low and medium-temperature heat into electricity, especially from waste heat and renewable energy sources (including geothermal and solar thermal). Despite the level of development of ORC systems available on the market, there are still many aspects in the context of improving those units – constructing economically profitable low power unit, improving efficiency, selection an appropriate working fluid, etc. This paper analyzes 17 workings fluids dedicated to ORC system and discusses an existence of low stability region in their dense vapors and its influence on some peculiarities in behaviors of selected isentropic and dry fluids. The analysis shows relation between the retrograde phenomena in the flow of ORC fluids and mechanical and thermodynamic stability parameters.
Suspensions of deformable particles in Poiseuille flows at finite inertia
Authors: Filippo Chiara Luigi , Edoardo Rosti Marco , Picano Francesco , Brandt Luca 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We analyze a suspension of deformable particles in a pressure-driven flow. The suspension is composed of neutrally buoyant initially spherical particles and a Newtonian carrier fluid, and the flow is solved by means of direct numerical simulations, using a fully Eulerian method based on a one-continuum formulation. The solid phase is modeled with an incompressible viscous hyperelastic constitutive relation, and the flow is characterized by three main dimensionless parameters, namely the solid volume fraction, the Reynolds and capillary numbers. The dependency of the effective viscosity on these three quantities is investigated to study the inertial effects on a suspension of deformable particles. It can be observed that the suspension has a shear-thinning behavior, and the reduction in effective viscosity for high shear rates is emphasized in denser configurations. The separate analysis of the Reynolds and capillary numbers reveal that the effective viscosity depends more on the capillary than on the Reynolds number. In addition, our simulations exhibit a consistent tendency for deformable particles to move toward the center of the channel, where the shear rate is low. This phenomenon is particularly marked for very dilute suspensions, where a whole region near the wall is empty of particles. Furthermore, when the volume fraction is increased this near-wall region is gradually occupied, because of higher mutual particle interactions. Deformability also plays an important role in the process. Indeed, at high capillary numbers, particles are more sensitive to shear rate variations and can modify their shape more easily to accommodate a greater number of particles in the central region of the channel. Finally, the total stress budgets show that the relative particle-induced stress contribution increases with the volume fraction and Reynolds number, and decreases with the particle deformability.
Highlights and Perspectives From a Collaborative Global Health Pathology Experience in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Viswanathan Kartik , Johncilla Melanie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Global health education is important during residency training in exposing doctors to conditions that are not common in the United States and developing their awareness of global health care disparities. Most medical decisions are based on results from anatomic or clinical pathology laboratories, which are essential services for appropriate medical care in international settings. Nevertheless, US pathology residency trainees have limited global health exposure and thus are rarely exposed to diagnostic services in these settings. Moreover, literature documenting what is needed to create a global health elective in pathology is limited.

Methods
We designed an international pathology elective in Trinidad and Tobago involving one main public hospital site and several off-site laboratories. Objectives and goals were established before the rotation. Apart from daily mentor-led education sessions, the trainee participated in teaching, quality improvement projects, and cultural experiences. Engagement with medical officers, personnel staff, and people in the community was encouraged.Results: Challenges encountered included funding, transportation, limited laboratory resources, medical registration, and malpractice insurance. These were mitigated through carefully planned steps, including communicating with registration bodies and liaising with pathology organizations for funding.

Conclusions
Overall, the global health rotation was successful. We provide a detailed roadmap for other pathology training programs interested in establishing similar global health electives.
Common Childhood Viruses and Pubertal Timing: The LEGACY Girls Study
Authors: McDonald Jasmine A , Cherubin Sinaida , Goldberg Mandy , Wei Ying , Chung Wendy K , Schwartz Lisa A , Knight Julia A , Schooling C Mary , Santella Regina M , Bradbury Angela R , Buys Saundra S , Andrulis Irene L , John Esther M , Daly Mary B , Terry Mary Beth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Earlier pubertal development is only partially explained by childhood body mass index; the role of other factors, such as childhood infections, is less understood. Using data from the LEGACY Girls Study (North America, 2011–2016), we prospectively examined the associations between childhood viral infections (cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1, HSV2) and pubertal timing. We measured exposures based on seropositivity in premenarcheal girls (n = 490). Breast and pubic hair development were classified based on mother-reported Tanner Stage (TS) (TS2+ compared with TS1), adjusting for age, body mass index, and sociodemographic factors. The average age at first blood draw was 9.8 years (standard deviation, 1.9 years). The prevalences were 31% CMV+, 37% EBV+, 14% HSV1+, 0.4% HSV2+, and 16% for both CMV+/EBV+ coinfection. CMV+ infection without coinfection was associated with developing breasts an average of 7 months earlier (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32, 3.40). CMV infection without coinfection and HSV1 and/or HSV2 infection were associated with developing pubic hair 9 months later (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.71, and HR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.81, respectively). Infection was not associated with menarche. If replicated in larger cohorts with blood collection prior to any breast development, this study supports the hypothesis that childhood infections might play a role in altering pubertal timing.
Automated Noninvasive Central Blood Pressure Measurements by Oscillometric Radial Pulse Wave Analysis: Results of the MEASURE-cBP Validation Studies
Authors: Trinkmann Frederik , Benck Urs , Halder Julian , Semmelweis Alexandra , Saur Joachim , Borggrefe Martin , Akin Ibrahim , Kaden Jens J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Central blood pressure becomes increasingly accepted as an important diagnostic and therapeutic parameter. Accuracy of widespread applanation tonometry can be affected by calibration and operator training. To overcome this, we aimed to evaluate novel VascAssist 2 using automated oscillometric radial pulse wave analysis and a refined multi-compartment model of the arterial tree.

Methods
Two hundred and twenty-five patients were prospectively enrolled. Invasive aortic root measurements served as reference in MEASURE-cBP 1 (n = 106) whereas applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor) was used in MEASURE-cBP 2 (n = 119).

Results
In MEASURE-cBP 1, we found a mean overestimation for systolic values of 4 ± 12 mmHg (3 ± 10%) and 6 ± 10 mmHg (9 ± 14%) for diastolic values. Diabetes mellitus and low blood pressure were associated with larger variation. In MEASURE-cBP 2, mean overestimation of systolic values was 4 ± 4 mmHg (4 ± 4%) and 1 ± 4 mmHg (1 ± 7%) of diastolic values. Arrhythmia was significantly more frequent in invalid measurements (61 vs. 18%, P &lt; 0.0001) which were most often due to a low quality index of SphygmoCor.

Conclusions
Central blood pressure estimates using VascAssist 2 can be considered at least as accurate as available techniques, even including diabetic patients. In direct comparison, automated measurement considerably facilitates application not requiring operator training and can be reliably applied even in patients with arrhythmias.
Induction of Cross-Reactive Hemagglutination Inhibiting Antibody and Polyfunctional CD4+ T-Cell Responses by a Recombinant Matrix-M–Adjuvanted Hemagglutinin Nanoparticle Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Shinde Vivek , Cai Rongman , Plested Joyce , Cho Iksung , Fiske Jamie , Pham Xuan , Zhu Mingzhu , Cloney-Clark Shane , Wang Nan , Zhou Haixia , Zhou Bin , Patel Nita , Massare Michael J , Fix Amy , Spindler Michelle , Thomas David Nigel , Smith Gale , Fries Louis , Glenn Gregory M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Recurrent reports of suboptimal influenza vaccine effectiveness have renewed calls to develop improved, broadly cross-protective influenza vaccines. Here, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a novel, saponin (Matrix-M)–adjuvanted, recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) quadrivalent nanoparticle influenza vaccine (qNIV).

Methods
We conducted a randomized, observer-blind, comparator-controlled (trivalent high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine [IIV3-HD] or quadrivalent recombinant influenza vaccine [RIV4]), safety and immunogenicity trial of qNIV (5 doses/formulations) in healthy adults ≥65 years. Vaccine immunogenicity was measured by hemagglutination-inhibition assays using reagents that express wild-type hemagglutination inhibition (wt-HAI) sequences and cell-mediated immune responses.

Results
A total of 1375 participants were randomized, immunized, and followed for safety and immunogenicity. Matrix-M–adjuvanted qNIV induced superior wt-HAI antibody responses against 5 of 6 homologous or drifted strains compared with unadjuvanted qNIV. Adjuvanted qNIV induced post-vaccination wt-HAI antibody responses at day 28 that were statistically higher than IIV3-HD against a panel of homologous or drifted A/H3N2 strains, similar to IIV3-HD against homologous A/H1N1 and B (Victoria) strains and similar to RIV4 against all homologous and drifted strains evaluated. The qNIV formulation with 75 µg Matrix-M adjuvant induced substantially higher post-vaccination geometric mean fold increases of influenza HA-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells compared with IIV3-HD or RIV4. Overall, similar frequencies of solicited and unsolicited adverse events were reported in all treatment groups.

Conclusions
qNIV with 75 µg Matrix-M adjuvant was well tolerated and induced robust antibody and cellular responses, notably against both homologous and drifted A/H3N2 viruses. Further investigation in a pivotal phase 3 trial is underway.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03658629.
Effects of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate on sodium and potassium excretion in healthy adults: a Phase 1 study
Authors: Någård Mats , Singh Bhupinder , Boulton David W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC; formerly ZS-9) is a potassium (K+) binder for treatment of hyperkalemia in adults. SZC binds K+ in exchange for sodium (Na+) or hydrogen (H+) in the gastrointestinal tract, conveying potential for systemic absorption of Na+.

Methods
This single-center Phase 1 study evaluated the effects of SZC on Na+ and K+ excretion in healthy, normokalemic adults. During an initial run-in period (Days 1–2), participants started a high K+/low Na+ diet. After baseline (Days 3–4), SCZ 5 or 10 g once daily (QD) was administered (Days 5–8). The primary endpoint was mean change in urinary Na+ excretion from baseline (Days 3–4) to the treatment period (Days 7–8).

Results
Of 32 enrolled participants, 30 entered and completed the study; the first 15 received 5 g and the next 15 received 10 g. Nonsignificant changes from baseline in urinary Na+ excretion were observed with SZC 5 g (mean ± SD −0.93 ± 25.85 mmol/24 h) and 10 g (−5.47 ± 13.90 mmol/24 h). Statistically significant decreases from baseline in urinary K+ excretion (mean ± SD −21.17 ± 21.26 mmol/24 h; P = 0.0017) and serum K+ concentration (−0.25 ± 0.24 mmol/L; P = 0.0014) were observed with the 10-g dose. There were few adverse events and no clinically meaningful changes in vital signs or laboratory safety measures.

Conclusions
Treatment with SZC 5 or 10 g QD reduced serum K+ concentration and urinary K+ excretion, with no significant effect on urinary Na+ excretion, and was well tolerated.
#MoreThanAVisitor: Families as “Essential” Care Partners During COVID-19
Authors: Kemp Candace L 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe public health response to the current Coronavirus pandemic in long-term care communities, including assisted living, encompasses prohibiting visitors. This ban, which includes family members, has been criticized for being unfair, unhealthy, and unsafe. Against this backdrop, I examine the roles family play in residents’ daily lives and care routines. I argue that classifying family as “visitors” rather than essential care partners overlooks their critical contributions and stems from taken-for-granted assumption about gender, families, and care work, and I demonstrate why families are more than visitors. Policies that ban family visits also reflect a narrow understanding of health that focuses on mitigating infection risk, but neglects overall health and well-being. This policy further stems from a limited comprehension of care relations. Research shows that banning family visits has negative consequences for residents, but also families themselves, and direct care workers. I argue that identifying ways to better understand and support family involvement is essential and demonstrate the utility of the Convoys of Care model for guiding the reconceptualization of family in long-term care research, policy, and practice during and beyond the pandemic.