bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vagus Associated Neurogenic Cough Occurring Due to Unilateral Vascular Encroachment of Its Root: A Case Report and Proof of Concept of VANCOUVER Syndrome
Authors: Honey Christopher R. , Krüger Marie T. , Morrison Murray D. , Dhaliwal Baljinder S. , Hu Amanda 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: A patient is presented with neurogenic cough due to a unilateral vascular compression of a vagus nerve rootlet at the brainstem with complete resolution of cough following microvascular decompression of that nerve. This etiology of a neurogenic cough has not been previously reported to our knowledge. The proportion of patients with neurogenic cough refractory to all current therapies and suffering with this treatable condition remains to be defined. We introduce the concept of Vagus Associated Neurogenic Cough Occurring due to Unilateral Vascular Encroachment of its Root (VANCOUVER syndrome) and present the salient features of this condition. Methods: A case review is presented with details of the patient’s history, examination, imaging, laryngoscopy, intraoperative findings, and long-term clinical outcome. Results: A 60-year-old man presented with a 15-year history of non-productive cough refractory to antibiotics, and anti-reflux medications. Investigations by an allergist, a cardiologist, a gastroenterologist, two pulmonologists, and an otolaryngologist were negative. MRI demonstrated a vascular compression of his left vagus nerve and microvascular decompression of that nerve resolved his symptoms. There were no surgical complications and the patient remains asymptomatic at 1 year. Conclusions: Neurogenic cough has been likened to a vagus nerve neuropathy in a similar way that trigeminal neuralgia is a trigeminal nerve neuropathy. Both cause intermittent sensory phenomena in their distribution and can be ameliorated with neuropathic medications. We demonstrate that neurogenic cough, like trigeminal neuralgia, may be caused by a vascular compression of its nerve root. A proposed mechanism of this type of neurogenic cough is presented along with a potential diagnostic paradigm for these patients.
Differential biomarker signatures in unipolar and bipolar depression: A machine learning approach
Authors: Wollenhaupt-Aguiar Bianca , Librenza-Garcia Diego , Bristot Giovana , Przybylski Laura , Stertz Laura , Kubiachi Burque Renan , Ceresér Keila Mendes , Spanemberg Lucas , Caldieraro Marco Antônio , Frey Benicio N , Fleck Marcelo P , Kauer-Sant’Anna Marcia , Passos Ives Cavalcante , Kapczinski Flavio 
Published: December 2019

Objective: This study used machine learning techniques combined with peripheral biomarker measurements to build signatures to help differentiating (1) patients with bipolar depression from patients with unipolar depression, and (2) patients with bipolar depression or unipolar depression from healthy controls. Methods: We assessed serum levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-17A, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, lipid peroxidation and oxidative protein damage in 54 outpatients with bipolar depression, 54 outpatients with unipolar depression and 54 healthy controls, matched by sex and age. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Variable selection was performed with recursive feature elimination with a linear support vector machine kernel, and the leave-one-out cross-validation method was used to test and validate our model. Results: Bipolar vs unipolar depression classification achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.69, with 0.62 sensitivity and 0.66 specificity using three selected biomarkers (interleukin-4, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and interleukin-10). For the comparison of bipolar depression vs healthy controls, the model retained five variables (interleukin-6, interleukin-4, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, carbonyl and interleukin-17A), with an AUC of 0.70, 0.62 sensitivity and 0.7 specificity. Finally, unipolar depression vs healthy controls comparison retained seven variables (interleukin-6, Carbonyl, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin-10, interleukin-17A, interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α), with an AUC of 0.74, a sensitivity of 0.68 and 0.70 specificity. Conclusion: Our findings show the potential of machine learning models to aid in clinical practice, leading to more objective assessment. Future studies will examine the possibility of combining peripheral blood biomarker data with other biological data to develop more accurate signatures.
Hot topics and current controversies in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: Severiche-Bueno Diego , Gamboa Enrique , Reyes Luis F. , Chotirmall Sanjay H. 
Published: December 2019

Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a neglected and orphan disease with poor advances through the 20th century. However, its prevalence is rising and with this come new challenges for physicians. Few guidelines are available to guide clinicians on how to diagnose and manage patients with NCFB. Many areas of debate persist, and there is lack of consensus about research priorities most needed to advance patient care and improve clinical outcomes. In this review, we highlight the current hot topics in NCFB and present updated evidence to inform the critical areas of controversy.Key pointsPostural drainage, active cycle of breathing techniques and pulmonary rehabilitation are non-pharmacological treatment options that should be offered to all patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB).Eradication ofPseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) colonisation in patients without an acute exacerbation remains debatable.Sputum cultures are the leading and most readily available tool to detect patients with chronic colonisation by PA and should be performed in all patients with NCFB.Antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and vaccine studies have shown promising results in the prevention of chronic colonisation with PA and should stimulate new studies in NCFB.NCFB patients colonised with PA are at more risk of a rapid decline in lung function, worsening quality of life and more hospital admissions.Dual therapy is a promising option for the management of patients with PA-related exacerbations.Patients with PA-related exacerbations benefit from prolonged courses of antibiotics (i.e.14 days) but emerging and future studies, including dual therapy, may show promising results with shorter courses.Endophenotyping bronchiectasis to address its inherent heterogeneity is a promising avenue for future investment and research.
Clinical utility of exhaled nitric oxide fraction in the management of asthma and COPD
Authors: Turner Steve W. , Chang Anne B. , Yang Ian A. 
Published: December 2019

Exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FENO) values can be easily measured using portable analysers and are a surrogate marker of airway eosinophilia.FENOmay be useful in diagnosing and monitoring conditions characterised by airway eosinophilia,i.e.asthma and possibly COPD. Many factors other than asthma and COPD affectFENO, especially atopy, which is associated with elevatedFENO. One guideline recommends thatFENOshould be used as part of the diagnostic pathway for asthma diagnosis in adults and children aged >5 years. The role ofFENOin monitoring asthma is even less clear, and most guidelines do not recommend its use outside of specialist asthma clinics. Currently,FENOis not recommended for diagnosis or monitoring of COPD. AlthoughFENOis starting to find a place in the management of asthma in children and adults, considerably more research is required before the potential ofFENOas an objective measurement in asthma and COPD can be realised.Key pointsFor individuals aged ≥12 years,FENOis not recommended by all guidelines as a test to diagnose asthma (recommended only by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline for asthma symptoms, which are likely to respond to corticosteroid treatment).FENOmay be used in conjunction with other investigations to diagnose asthma in 5–16-year-olds where there is diagnostic uncertainty, but further evidence is required.FENOis not recommended as a routine test to monitor all patients with asthma or to titrate asthma treatment.FENOis not recommended for routine clinical testing in adults with COPD.FENOmay be useful to identify patients with COPD who could benefit from the use of inhaled corticosteroids (asthma–COPD overlap).Educational aimsTo understand what factors other than asthma and COPD affectFENOTo understand the current controversies in the application ofFENOto diagnosis and management of asthma in childrenTo understand the current controversies in the application ofFENOto diagnosis and management of asthma and COPD in adults
Voltage-Polarity Dependent Programming Behaviors of Amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O Thin-Film Transistor Memory with an Atomic-Layer-Deposited ZnO Charge Trapping Layer
Authors: Liu Dan-Dan , Liu Wen-Jun , Pei Jun-Xiang , Xie Lin-Yan , Huo Jingyong , Wu Xiaohan , Ding Shi-Jin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAmorphous In–Ga–Zn-O (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) memories are attracting many interests for future system-on-panel applications; however, they usually exhibit a poor erasing efficiency. In this article, we investigate voltage-polarity-dependent programming behaviors of an a-IGZO TFT memory with an atomic-layer-deposited ZnO charge trapping layer (CTL). The pristine devices demonstrate electrically programmable characteristics not only under positive gate biases but also under negative gate biases. In particular, the latter can generate a much higher programming efficiency than the former. Upon applying a gate bias pulse of +13 V/1 μs, the device shows a threshold voltage shift (ΔVth) of 2 V; and the ΔVth is as large as −6.5 V for a gate bias pulse of −13 V/1 μs. In the case of 12 V/1 ms programming (P) and −12 V/10 μs erasing (E), a memory window as large as 7.2 V can be achieved at 103 of P/E cycles. By comparing the ZnO CTLs annealed in O2 or N2 with the as-deposited one, it is concluded that the oxygen vacancy (VO)-related defects dominate the bipolar programming characteristics of the TFT memory devices. For programming at positive gate voltage, electrons are injected from the IGZO channel into the ZnO layer and preferentially trapped at deep levels of singly ionized oxygen vacancy (VO+) and doubly ionized oxygen vacancy (VO2+). Regarding programming at negative gate voltage, electrons are de-trapped easily from neutral oxygen vacancies because of shallow donors and tunnel back to the channel. This thus leads to highly efficient erasing by the formation of additional ionized oxygen vacancies with positive charges.
HTRgene: a computational method to perform the integrated analysis of multiple heterogeneous time-series data: case analysis of cold and heat stress response signaling genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ahn Hongryul , Jung Inuk , Chae Heejoon , Kang Dongwon , Jung Woosuk , Kim Sun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntegrated analysis that uses multiple sample gene expression data measured under the same stress can detect stress response genes more accurately than analysis of individual sample data. However, the integrated analysis is challenging since experimental conditions (strength of stress and the number of time points) are heterogeneous across multiple samples.ResultsHTRgeneis a computational method to perform the integrated analysis of multiple heterogeneous time-series data measured under the same stress condition. The goal of HTRgene is to identify “response order preserving DEGs” that are defined as genes not only which are differentially expressed but also whose response order is preserved across multiple samples. The utility of HTRgene was demonstrated using 28 and 24 time-series sample gene expression data measured under cold and heat stress in Arabidopsis. HTRgene analysis successfully reproduced known biological mechanisms of cold and heat stress in Arabidopsis. Also, HTRgene showed higher accuracy in detecting the documented stress response genes than existing tools.ConclusionsHTRgene, a method to find the ordering of response time of genes that are commonly observed among multiple time-series samples, successfully integrated multiple heterogeneous time-series gene expression datasets. It can be applied to many research problems related to the integration of time series data analysis.
Biomedical word sense disambiguation with bidirectional long short-term memory and attention-based neural networks
Authors: Zhang Canlin , Biś Daniel , Liu Xiuwen , He Zhe 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
In recent years, deep learning methods have been applied to many natural language processing tasks to achieve state-of-the-art performance. However, in the biomedical domain, they have not out-performed supervised word sense disambiguation (WSD) methods based on support vector machines or random forests, possibly due to inherent similarities of medical word senses.

Results
In this paper, we propose two deep-learning-based models for supervised WSD: a model based on bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network, and an attention model based on self-attention architecture. Our result shows that the BiLSTM neural network model with a suitable upper layer structure performs even better than the existing state-of-the-art models on the MSH WSD dataset, while our attention model was 3 or 4 times faster than our BiLSTM model with good accuracy. In addition, we trained “universal” models in order to disambiguate all ambiguous words together. That is, we concatenate the embedding of the target ambiguous word to the max-pooled vector in the universal models, acting as a “hint”. The result shows that our universal BiLSTM neural network model yielded about 90 percent accuracy.

Conclusion
Deep contextual models based on sequential information processing methods are able to capture the relative contextual information from pre-trained input word embeddings, in order to provide state-of-the-art results for supervised biomedical WSD tasks.
To what degree do patients actively choose their healthcare provider at the point of referral by their GP? A video observation study
Authors: Potappel Amy J. C. , Meijers Maartje C. , Kloek Corelien , Victoor Aafke , Noordman Janneke , olde Hartman Tim , van Dulmen Sandra , de Jong Judith D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Many countries in Europe have implemented managed competition and patient choice during the last decade. With the introduction of managed competition, health insurers also became an important stakeholder. They purchase services on behalf of their customers and are allowed to contract healthcare providers selectively. It has, therefore, become increasingly important to take one’s insurance into account when choosing a provider. There is little evidence that patients make active choices in the way that policymakers assume they do. This research aims to investigate, firstly, the role of patients in choosing a healthcare provider at the point of referral, then the role of the GP and, finally, the influence of the health insurer/insurance policies within this process.

Methods
We videotaped a series of everyday consultations between Dutch GPs and their patients during 2015 and 2016. In 117 of these consultations, with 28 GPs, the patient was referred to another healthcare provider. These consultations were coded by three observers using an observation protocol which assessed the role of the patient, GP, and the influence of the health insurer during the referral.

Results
Patients were divided into three groups: patients with little or no input, patients with some input, and those with a lot of input. Just over half of the patients (56%) seemed to have some, or a lot of, input into the choice of a healthcare provider at the point of referral by their GP. In addition, in almost half of the consultations (47%), GPs inquired about their patients’ preferences regarding a healthcare provider. Topics regarding the health insurance or insurance policy of a patient were rarely (14%) discussed at the point of referral.

Conclusions
Just over half of the patients appear to have some, or a lot of, input into their choice of a healthcare provider at the point of referral by their GP. However, the remainder of the patients had little or no input. If more patient choice continues to be an important aim for policy makers, patients should be encouraged to actively choose the healthcare provider who best fits their needs and preferences.
Molecular and evolutionary characterization of norovirus GII.17 in the northern region of Brazil
Authors: das Neves Costa Larissa Cristina Prado , Teixeira Dielle Monteiro , Portela Ana Caroline Rodrigues , de Lima Ian Carlos Gomes , da Silva Bandeira Renato , Sousa Júnior Edivaldo Costa , Siqueira Jones Anderson Monteiro , Resque Hugo Reis , da Silva Luciana Damascena , Gabbay Yvone Benchimol 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Currently, norovirus (NoV) is associated with one-fifth of all acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases worldwide. The NoV GII.17_2014 variant has been associated with gastroenteritis outbreaks in several Asian countries, replacing the previously dominant Sydney 2012 variant. There is limited data about circulation of this new strain in Brazil. This study aimed to describe the phylogenetic and evolutionary characteristics of the GII.17_2014 strains in the Northern region of Brazil.

Methods
NoV was detected by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in 645 stool samples of AGE cases that were reported in Pará and Amazonas states during 2015–2016. All positive samples were tested for NoV GI and GII by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the amplicons were subjected to genome sequencing. The GII.17-positive samples were retested by PCR using different sets of designed primers, which target a highly conserved capsid gene region. Next, the amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed using Bayesian inferences.

Results
Of the 645 samples tested, 208 (32.2%) tested were positive for NoV by EIA, among which 95 (45.7%) were genotyped. Among the genotyped samples, 12 (12.6%) were characterized as GII.17_2014 with the first case detected in November 2015 (1/30, 3.3%) and the others in 2016 (11/65, 16.9%). All strains found in our study were clustered in clade D (epidemic strain). The uncorrelated log-normal model estimations calculated the rate of evolution for GII-17 strains as 1.95 × 10− 3 (1.28 × 10− 3–2.63 × 10− 3). In total, 36 nucleotide changes were observed after analyzing the VP1 sequence, among which 28 occurred in the P2 region.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate the evolutionary dynamics in NoV GII.17_2014 strains, which indicated high mutation rates with nucleotide substitutions and indels that are related to the elevated levels of antigenic diversity. This partly explains the increase in viral prevalence.
Attention/memory complaint is correlated with motor speech disorder in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Liu Ying , Gui Yuchang , Hu Jincui , Liang Shanshan , Mo Sixia , Zhou Yuanfang , Li Yujian , Zhou Fengkun , Xu Jianwen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The mechanisms underlying the online modulation of motor speech in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have not been determined. Moreover, medical and rehabilitation interventions for PD-associated motor speech disorder (MSD) have a poor long-term prognosis.

Methods
To compare risk factors in PD patients with MSD to those without MSD (non-MSD) and determine predictive independent risk factors correlated with the MSD phenotype, we enrolled 314 PD patients, including 250 with and 64 without MSD. We compared demographic, characteristic data, as well as PD-associated evaluations between the MSD group and non-MSD group.

Results
Univariate analysis showed that demographic characteristics, including occupation, educational level, monthly income and speaking background; clinical characteristics, including lesions in the frontal and temporal lobes, and concurrent dysphagia; and PD-associated evaluations, including the activity of daily living (ADL) score, non-motor symptoms scale (NMSS) domain 4 score (perceptual problem), and NMSS domain 5 score (attention/memory) were all significantly different between the MSD and non-MSD group (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that educational level, frontal lesions, and NMSS domain 5 score (attention/memory) were independent risk factors for PD-associated MSD (all P < 0.005).

Conclusions
We determined an association between MSD phenotype and cognitive impairment, reflected by low-level education and related clinical profiles. Moreover, attention and memory dysfunction may play key roles in the progression of MSD in PD patients. Further studies are required to detail the mechanism underlying abnormal speech motor modulation in PD patients. Early cognitive intervention may enhance rehabilitation management and motor speech function in patients with PD-associated MSD.
Comparison of family centered care with family integrated care and mobile technology (mFICare) on preterm infant and family outcomes: a multi-site quasi-experimental clinical trial protocol
Authors: Franck Linda S. , Kriz Rebecca M. , Bisgaard Robin , Cormier Diana M. , Joe Priscilla , Miller Pamela S. , Kim Jae H. , Lin Carol , Sun Yao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundFamily Centered Care (FCC) has been widely adopted as the framework for caring for infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) but it is not uniformly defined or practiced, making it difficult to determine impact. Previous studies have shown that implementing the Family Integrated Care (FICare) intervention program for preterm infants in the NICU setting leads to significant improvements in infant and family outcomes. Further research is warranted to determine feasibility, acceptability and differential impact of FICare in the US context. The addition of a mobile application (app) may be effective in providing supplemental support for parent participation in the FICare program and provide detailed data on program component uptake and outcomes.MethodsThis exploratory multi-site quasi-experimental study will compare usual FCC with mobile enhanced FICare (mFICare) on growth and clinical outcomes of preterm infants born at or before 33 weeks gestational age, as well as the stress, competence and self-efficacy of their parents. The feasibility and acceptability of using mobile technology to gather data about parent involvement in the care of preterm infants receiving FCC or mFICare as well as of the mFICare intervention will be evaluated (Aim 1). The effect sizes for infant growth (primary outcome) and for secondary infant and parent outcomes at NICU discharge and three months after discharge will be estimated (Aim 2).DiscussionThis study will provide new data about the implementation of FICare in the US context within various hospital settings and identify important barriers, facilitators and key processes that may contribute to the effectiveness of FICare. It will also offer insights to clinicians on the feasibility of a new mobile application to support parent-focused research and promote integration of parents into the NICU care team in US hospital settings.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, IDNCT03418870. Retrospectively registered on December 18, 2017.