bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental sustainability of electricity generation: Case study of lignite combustion
Authors: Atılgan Türkmen Burçin , Deveci Ece Ümmü , Sağlam Çiğdem Şafak 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLignite is one of the most used Turkey's energy sources for electricity generation as there are large lignite reserves in the country. Lignite power plants are one of Turkey's main sources of GHG emissions. Therefore, understanding the environmental sustainability of generating electricity from lignite burning is essential for reducing environmental impacts. This research aims to assess the life cycle environmental impacts from a typical Turkish lignite power plant. In this paper, a system of the electricity from the lignite power plant is presented which covers all the life cycle stages—starting from the lignite mining up to the delivery of electricity to the grid. For this work to generate 1 kWh of generated is defined as the functional unit. The principal conclusion, to be drawn from this LCA of lignite power in Turkey, is that the majority of the emissions mostly originate from lignite burning to and lignite mining stages. The global warming potential associated with electricity generation from lignite power is estimated at 1,290 g CO2 eq./kWh. The results obtained from this study provide a baseline for future scenarios to reduce the environmental impacts from the energy sector and to build a sustainable energy policy.
Width control on event‐scale deposition and evacuation of sediment in bedrock‐confined channels
Authors: Cook Kristen L. , Turowski Jens M. , Hovius Niels 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn mixed bedrock–alluvial rivers, the response of the system to a flood event can be affected by a number of factors, including coarse sediment availability in the channel, sediment supply from the hillslopes and upstream, flood sequencing and coarse sediment grain size distribution. However, the impact of along‐stream changes in channel width on bedload transport dynamics remains largely unexplored. We combine field data, theory and numerical modelling to address this gap. First, we present observations from the Daan River gorge in western Taiwan, where the river flows through a 1 km long 20–50 m wide bedrock gorge bounded upstream and downstream by wide braidplains. We documented two flood events during which coarse sediment evacuation and redeposition appear to cause changes of up to several metres in channel bed elevation. Motivated by this case study, we examined the relationships between discharge, channel width and bedload transport capacity, and show that for a given slope narrow channels transport bedload more efficiently than wide ones at low discharges, whereas wider channels are more efficient at high discharges. We used the model sedFlow to explore this effect, running a random sequence of floods through a channel with a narrow gorge section bounded upstream and downstream by wider reaches. Channel response to imposed floods is complex, as high and low discharges drive different spatial patterns of erosion and deposition, and the channel may experience both of these regimes during the peak and recession periods of each flood. Our modelling suggests that width differences alone can drive substantial variations in sediment flux and bed response, without the need for variations in sediment supply or mobility. The fluctuations in sediment transport rates that result from width variations can lead to intermittent bed exposure, driving incision in different segments of the channel during different portions of the hydrograph. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Limitations of Applying Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films to Predict Bioavailability of Metal Mixtures in Aquatic Systems with Unstable Water Chemistries
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Peck Erin , Fletcher Dean E. , Korotasz Alexis , Perry John 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The present study accessed the use of diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) as a surrogate for estimating the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in a freshwater mussel. We coupled DGTs with mussels and deployed them in a constructed wetland. Water quality parameters were measured for a 4-d period on 3 continuous occasions during 12-d trials in the summer and winter; metal speciation was modeled for each occasion. Higher cumulative rainfall and water turbidity during the summer trial resulted in higher particulate metal concentrations compared to the winter trial. Mussel accumulated metals did not correlate with DGT-measured metals but positively correlated with particulate metals in the summer because filtering particulate food mainly contributed to the bioaccumulation. In contrast, the winter trial suggested a positive correlation between metal bioaccumulation and DGT-measured metals because uptake of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from water mainly contributed to the bioaccumulation, and the labile metal species complexed with DOM generally overlapped with DGT-targeted metals. Though Cu has a higher affinity for organic ligands than Zn, the interactions between Cu and Zn in the mixture did not impede their uptake and bioaccumulation. The deployment duration when DGTs and mussels are coupled to compare metal bioavailability should be no less than 12 d so that mussels have enough time to accumulate contaminants from the environmental media. In summary, DGT is a convenient surrogate for biomonitoring, but it may not fit the real environment such as the aquatic system with unstable water chemistries. Geochemical modeling is good at calculating metal speciation but inferior to DGT in predicting bioavailability and mimicking bioaccumulation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2485–2495. © 2020 SETAC
Assessing Biota Accumulation Due to Contamination of Sediments by Storm Water Heavy Metals
Authors: Drygiannaki Ilektra , Bejar Michelle , Reible Danny D. , Dawson John A. , Rao Balaji , Hayman Nicholas T. , Rosen Gunther H. , Colvin Marienne A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Evaluating sediment recontamination due to storm water discharges is important when evaluating the long-term effectiveness of sediment remediation efforts at reducing biological impacts. The bioaccumulation of the heavy metals zinc, nickel, copper, cadmium, mercury, and lead and the metalloid arsenic in a clam (Macoma nasuta) was studied in surficial sediments before and after storm water inputs from Paleta Creek, California, USA, during wet seasons in 2015 to 2016 and 2016 to 2017. The bioaccumulation was compared with bulk sediment concentrations and porewater concentrations measured by diffusion gradient in thin film devices. Significant reductions in biota accumulation and porewater concentrations were observed in samples collected after storm seasons compared with before storm seasons despite bulk sediment concentrations remaining the same or increasing. This was apparently the result of the deposition of storm water contaminants in low bioavailable forms. The bioaccumulation of all the measured contaminants showed a positive significant correlation with porewater concentrations (p &lt; 0.1, α = 0.1) and weak or no correlations with bulk sediment concentration. In conclusion, observed bulk sediment recontamination due to storm water should not be assumed to lead directly to greater biota accumulation without bioavailability assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2475–2484. © 2020 SETAC
Synergies between the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease framework and multiple branches of evolutionary anthropology
Authors: McKerracher Luseadra , Fried Ruby , Kim Andrew W. , Moffat Tina , Sloboda Deborah M. , Galloway Tracey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis derives from the epidemiological and basic/mechanistic health sciences. This well‐supported hypothesis holds that environment during the earliest stages of life—pre‐conception, pregnancy, infancy—shapes developmental trajectories and ultimately health outcomes across the lifespan. Evolutionary anthropologists from multiple subdisciplines are embracing synergies between the DOHaD framework and developmentalist approaches from evolutionary biology. Even wider dissemination and employment of DOHaD concepts will benefit evolutionary anthropological research. Insights from experimental DOHaD work will focus anthropologists' attention on biochemical/physiological mechanisms underpinning observed links between growth/health/behavioral outcomes and environmental contexts. Furthermore, the communication tools and wide public appeal of developmentalist health scientific research may facilitate the translation/application of evolutionary anthropological findings. Evolutionary Anthropology, in turn, can increase mainstream DOHaD research's use of evolutionary theory; holistic, longitudinal, and community‐based perspectives; and engagement with populations whose environmental exposures differ from those most commonly studied in the health sciences.
The impact of quinoa flour on some properties of ayran
Authors: Akkoyun Yüsra , Arslan Seher 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, some physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of ayran produced from quinoa flour addition at different ratios (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4%, w/v) were investigated. The effect of quinoa addition and storage time on pH, titration acidity, serum separation, L values and microorganism counts were statistically significant (p < .05). The counts of Streptococcus salivarus subsp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbruecki subps. bulgaricus had a wide range between 7.13 and 7.52 log CFU/mL and 3.62 and 3.98 log CFU/mlL At the end of the storage, the general appreciation score of the sample containing 0.2% quinoa flour was found to be higher than the other samples.
Prognostic value of nutritional impairment on treatment‐related toxicity and survival in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma taking normal nutrition before radiotherapy
Authors: Su Li , Lin Qiaojing , Li Rong , Hua Yangjingling , Zhang Hairong , Song Xiurong , Ye Jinru , Zhang Weijian , Hong Jinsheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate nutritional impairment during intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) taking normal nutrition before IMRT and its effect on treatment‐related toxicities (TRTs) and survival.MethodsModified nutrition index (m‐NI) of 187 patients with NPC, comprised eight indicators (body mass index, circumference of upper arm muscles, total lymphocyte count, red blood cell count, levels of albumin, pre‐albumin, transferrin, and hemoglobin), were evaluated before/after IMRT. Patient characteristics, m‐NI, and the follow‐up data for survival and TRTs were analyzed.ResultsThe m‐NI scores of patients with NPC decreased significantly after IMRT. Severe nutritional impairment (SNI; decrease in m‐NI score ≥50%) was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and an independent risk factor for grade ≥2 oral mucositis. Classification T4 disease and smoking were SNI risk factors.ConclusionsSNI during IMRT is a risk factor for oral mucositis and a prognostic factor for worse OS in patients with NPC.
Synthesis and Oxidative Stability of an Anionic Perfluoroethyl Cobalt(III) Complex
Authors: Shreiber Scott T. , Vicic David A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUpon reaction of the versatile tris(perfluoroethyl) cobalt(III) precursor [fac‐(MeCN)3Co(C2F5)3] with potassium tris(pyrazolyl)borate (KTp) in the presence of a tetraphenylphosphonium salt, κ2‐ and κ3‐ adducts of the scorpionate ligand with cobalt were observed. Heating this mixture to 50 °C induced complete κ3‐coordination of the Tp ligand to cobalt to afford the anionic complex [PPh4][(κ3‐Tp)Co(C2F5)3] in 81 % yield. This new fluoroalkyl cobalt complex was characterized by NMR and UV‐Vis spectroscopies, X‐ray crystallography, and cyclic voltammetry. The oxidation of [PPh4][(κ3‐Tp)Co(C2F5)3] occurs at much less‐positive potentials relative to the related [(MeCN)3Co(C2F5)3] and [(tpy)Co(C2F5)3] derivatives.
Radiative unsteady hydromagnetic 3D flow model for Jeffrey nanofluid configured by an accelerated surface with chemical reaction
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Aziz Samaira , Ali Nasir , Khan Sami Ullah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current exploration reveals the unsteady three‐dimensional flow of Jeffrey nanofluid over a bidirectional oscillatory stretching surface. The Brownian motion and thermophoresis phenomenon has been scrutinized by utilizing Buongiorno's nanofluid model. The heat transfer analysis is carried out in the presence of thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption features. Furthermore, chemical reaction and magnetic effects are also deliberated. The flow has been generated by a bidirectional periodically accelerated heated surface. The formulated nonlinear problem is condensed into a dimensionless form via apposite transformations, and then analytic series solution is computed via homotopic technique. Comprehensive graphical evaluations for numerous prominent flow constants on associated profiles are performed. In addition, the tabulated numerical calculations for the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also presented. The current analysis reported that both components of velocities have an increasing tendency for higher Deborah number, whereas an adverse influence is observed for the ratio of relaxation and retardation times parameter. Moreover, the concentration profile diminishes for the increasing variation of the chemical reaction parameter.
Exposure to 4‐nonylphenol induces a shift in the gene expression of gsdf and testis‐ova formation and sex reversal in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Horie Yoshifumi , Kanazawa Nobuhiko , Takahashi Chiho , Tatarazako Norihisa , Iguchi Taisen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe branched isomer mixture 4‐nonylphenol (4‐NP) has been used worldwide as a surfactant, and can have endocrine‐disrupting effects on aquatic organisms. For instance, 4‐NP induces the formation of testis‐ova (i.e., testicular and ovarian tissue in the same gonad) or male to female sex reversal of various teleost fishes. Recently, our group revealed that altered gsdf gene expression is associated with disruption of gonadal differentiation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos exposed to methyltestosterone or bisphenol A, suggesting that gsdf might be useful as a biomarker for predicting the impact of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on gonadal differentiation. Here, we used 4‐NP to examine further whether gsdf expression at the embryo stage is useful for predicting EDC impact on gonadal sex differentiation. When fertilized medaka eggs were exposed to 32 or 100 μg/L 4‐NP, testis‐ova in genetic males and sex reversal from genetic male to phenotypic female were observed. At stage 38 (just before hatching), 4‐NP exposure at 1‐100 μg/L did not affect gsdf expression in XX embryos compared with the nontreated control; however, in XY embryos, the gsdf expression in the 100 μg/L‐exposed group was significantly lower than that in the controls. The 4‐NP concentration at which gsdf expression was suppressed was equal to that at which testis‐ova and sex reversal were induced. These results indicate that expression of the gsdf gene at the embryonic stage in medaka is a useful biomarker for predicting the impact of EDCs on sexual differentiation.
Inside Cover
Authors: Wang Guangxing , Sun Yang , Chen Youting , Gao Qiqi , Peng Dongqing , Lin Hongxin , Zhan Zhenlin , Liu Zhiyi , Zhuo Shuangmu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA high‐efficiency computer‐aided diagnostic model of ovarian cancer was developed, integrating SHG imaging technology for non‐invasive imaging of living tissue and machine learning method based on radiomics and TPOT. This model can rapidly, non‐destructively, and accurately perform ovarian cancer diagnosis and has great potential in improving diagnostic efficacy and efficiency of medical pathologists.Further details can be found in the article by Guangxing Wang, Yang Sun, Youting Chen, Qiqi Gao, Dongqing Peng, Hongxin Lin, Zhenlin Zhan, Zhiyi Liu, and Shuangmu Zhuo (e202000050).
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Inside Cover
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Jin , Song Byeong Joo , Choi Youngwoon , Kim Beop‐Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA cross‐scanning optical coherence tomography (CS‐OCT) system is newly developed to correct eye motion artifacts in OCT angiography images. The CS‐OCT provides two retinal angiograms scanned simultaneously in a perpendicular direction to each other over the same area. Since the eye motion is decomposed into the two retinal angiograms, the motioncorrected retinal angiogram can be obtained by compensating between the two.Further details can be found in the article by Hyung‐Jin Kim, Byeong Joo Song, Youngwoon Choi, and Beop‐Min Kim (e202000170).
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Inside Cover
Authors: Liu Jianting , Zhu Jiang , Zhu Lianqing , Yang Qiang , Fan Fan , Zhang Fan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFour metrics including vascular connectivity, contrast‐to‐noise ratio, signal‐to‐noise ratio and processing time were developed to quantitatively assess the performance of seven optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) algorithms in image quality and computation speed for neuroimaging. Quantitative assessment of the algorithms provides suggestions for the selection of appropriate OCTA algorithms in the applications of neuroimaging.Further details can be found in the article by Jianting Liu, Jiang Zhu, Lianqing Zhu, Qiang Yang, Fan Fan, and Fan Zhang (e202000181).
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Front Cover
Authors: Lucidi Massimiliano , Hristu Radu , Nichele Lorenzo , Stanciu George A. , Tranca Denis E. , Holban Alina Maria , Visca Paolo , Stanciu Stefan G. , Cincotti Gabriella 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImages of bacterial cells stained with KK114 dye and visualized with STED microscopy. On the monitor: large field of view of B. subtilis cells, the KK114 ball‐and‐stick model and the schematics of the STED setup. Different space‐filling representations of the FtsZ protein are also shown.Further details can be found in the article by Massimiliano Lucidi, Radu Hristu, Lorenzo Nichele, George A. Stanciu, Denis E. Tranca, Alina Maria Holban, Paolo Visca, Stefan G. Stanciu, and Gabriella Cincotti (e202000097).
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Bone Vasculature and Bone Marrow Vascular Niches in Health and Disease
Authors: Chen Junyu , Hendriks Michelle , Chatzis Alexandros , Ramasamy Saravana K , Kusumbe Anjali P 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Bone vasculature and bone marrow vascular niches supply oxygen, nutrients, and secrete angiocrine factors required for the survival, maintenance, and self-renewal of stem and progenitor cells. In the skeletal system, vasculature creates nurturing niches for bone and blood-forming stem cells. Blood vessels regulate hematopoiesis and drive bone formation during development, repair, and regeneration. Dysfunctional vascular niches induce skeletal aging, bone diseases, and hematological disorders. Recent cellular and molecular characterization of the bone marrow microenvironment has provided unprecedented insights into the complexity, heterogeneity, and functions of the bone vasculature and vascular niches. The bone vasculature is composed of distinct vessel subtypes that differentially regulate osteogenesis, hematopoiesis, and disease conditions in bones. Further, bone marrow vascular niches supporting stem cells are often complex microenvironments involving multiple different cell populations and vessel subtypes. This review provides an overview of the emerging vascular cell heterogeneity in bone and the new roles of the bone vasculature and associated vascular niches in health and disease. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Modeling the effect of ion‐induced shock waves and DNA breakage with the reactive CHARMM force field
Authors: Friis Ida , Verkhovtsev Alexey , Solov'yov Ilia A. , Solov'yov Andrey V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIon‐induced DNA damage is an important effect underlying ion beam cancer therapy. This article introduces the methodology of modeling DNA damage induced by a shock wave caused by a projectile ion. Specifically it is demonstrated how single‐ and double strand breaks in a DNA molecule could be described by the reactive CHARMM (rCHARMM) force field implemented in the program MBN Explorer. The entire workflow of performing the shock wave simulations, including obtaining the crucial simulation parameters, is described in seven steps. Two exemplary analyses are provided for a case study simulation serving to: (a) quantify the shock wave propagation and (b) describe the dynamics of formation of DNA breaks. The article concludes by discussing the computational cost of the simulations and revealing the possible maximal computational time for different simulation set‐ups.
Beyond new public management: Empowering community‐based organisations
Authors: Mailloux Dominique , Lacharité Carl 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe how new public management practices, a global public service management trend, and a provincial community of practice, a group of people who learn from each other by interacting on an ongoing basis, affected a group of 240 community‐based organisations.MethodsWe conducted a holistic single case study of 240 grassroots, community‐based organisations called Family Resource Centres in the province of Québec, Canada. Data was collected from 36 research interviews, 6 years of participant observation, institutional documents and a research journal, and analysed qualitatively.ResultsNew public management practices foster social injustice and endanger the integrity of the community‐based organisations, whereas the provincial community of practice empowered them to fight back deleterious new public management practices and reclaim their identity.ConclusionA provincial community of practice allowed 240 independent community‐based organisations in Québec, Canada to become empowered on a macro level while remaining faithful to their small scale community orientation. We hope this model can serve as an example of alternatives to current (new public) management practices.