bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of nature-based biomimetic approach in landscape architectural design: parametric study of candelabra model design
Authors: Jović Biljana S. , Mitić Anđela D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research provides an exploration of a biomimetic approach in the process of designing a candelabra model using linear shaped leaves of a Bell flower. The design process described in this research contains two steps: biological and geometrical. In the first biological step, a proper model for the creation of an urban element was found from nature in a Bell flower (Campanula persicifolia L.). The upper leaves of the selected plant, which are small with a linear spear and sharpening at the top, were chosen for the modeling process. The second step included applying two geometrical methods, i.e., Voronoi diagrams and Delaunay triangulation. A geometrical leaf form of the selected plant species and the modeling process were obtained using aparametric modeling software, Blender. Using different Blender plug-ins and modifiers, Delaunay triangulation and Voronoi diagram were implemented by marking the starting points on the leaf form in the image data source, adjusting the Delaunay triangulation parameters, and creating Voronoi diagrams in which the Voronoi points were located at the shortest distance from the edges of the Voronoi polygon. Consequently, a three dimensional model of a candelabra was developed through this study.
Introducing an interactional approach to exploring facilitation as an implementation intervention: examining the utility of Conversation Analysis
Authors: Hunter Sarah C. , Young Jessica A. , Lawless Michael T. , Kitson Alison L. , Feo Rebecca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The widely adopted integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework identifies facilitation as a ‘core ingredient’ for successful implementation. Indeed, most implementation scientists agree that a certain degree of facilitation is required to translate research into clinical practice; that is, there must be some intentional effort to assist the implementation of evidence-based approaches and practices into healthcare. Yet understandings of what constitutes facilitation and how to facilitate effectively remain largely theoretical and, therefore, provide scant practical guidance to ensure facilitator success. Implementation Science theories and frameworks often describe facilitation as an activity accomplished in, and through, formal and informal communication amongst facilitators and those involved in the implementation process (i.e. ‘recipients’). However, the specific communication practices that constitute and enable effective facilitation are currently inadequately understood.

Aim
In this debate article, we argue that without effective facilitation—a practice requiring significant interactional and interpersonal skills—many implementation projects encounter difficulties. Therefore, we explore whether and how the application of Conversation Analysis, a rigorous research methodology for researching patterns of interaction, could expand existing understandings of facilitation within the Implementation Science field. First, we illustrate how Conversation Analysis methods can be applied to identifying what facilitation looks like in interaction. Second, we draw from existing conversation analytic research into facilitation outside of Implementation Science to expand current understandings of how facilitation might be achieved within implementation.

Conclusion
In this paper, we argue that conversation analytic methods show potential to understand and refine facilitation as a critical, and inherently interactional, component of implementation efforts. Conversation analytic investigations of facilitation as it occurs in real-time between participants could inform mechanisms to (1) improve understandings of how to achieve successful implementation through facilitation, (2) overcome difficulties and challenges in implementation related to interpersonal communication and interaction, (3) inform future facilitator training and (4) inform refinement of existing facilitation theories and frameworks (e.g. i-PARIHS) currently used in implementation interventions.
TRIM65 Promotes Invasion of Endometrial Stromal Cells by Activating ERK1/2/C-myc Signaling via Ubiquitination of DUSP6
Authors: Wu Ying-Ting , Ma Si-Yu , Sun Wen-Qin , Shen Wei-Wei , Zhu Hui-Ting , Zhang Qin , Chen Hui-Fen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Endometriosis (EM) is a benign gynecological disease that shares some characteristics with malignancy, such as proliferation and invasion. So far, the pathogenesis of EM is still unclear. In this study, we investigated whether TRIM65 can play a role in the development of EM.

Methods
TRIM65 expression levels in eutopic, ectopic, and normal endometrium were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation and invasion of primary endometrial stromal (EMS) cells were detected by CCK-8 and Transwell analysis. The interaction between TRIM65 and DUSP6 or C-myc was measured by coimmunoprecipitation, ubiquitylation, dual luciferase, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis.

Results
We found that TRIM65 was identified as an up-regulated gene in ectopic endometrial tissues and EMS cells compared with control groups without EM. TRIM65 expression was positively correlated with the levels of p-ERK1/2, C-myc, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and integrin β1 in ectopic endometrial tissues in patients and mice. TRIM65 promoted the cell proliferation and invasion of EMS cells via the ERK1/2/C-myc pathway through ubiquitination of DUSP6. C-myc promoted TRIM65 expression through inducing TRIM65 promoter activity. Additionally, the increased expression of TRIM65, C-myc, matrix metalloproteinase-2, integrin β1, and p-ERK1/2 and the decreased expression of DUSP6 in ectopic endometrial tissues were significantly suppressed by inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathway in ectopic endometrial tissues in experimental mice model.

Conclusion
In conclusion, TRIM65 promotes invasion of ectopic EMS cells by activating a feedback loop with the ERK1/2/C-myc signaling pathway and may be a potential therapeutic target for EM.
AGS3-dependent trans-Golgi network membrane trafficking is essential for compaction in mouse embryos
Authors: Nie Zheng-Wen , Niu Ying-Jie , Zhou Wenjun , Zhou Dong-Jie , Kim Ju-Yeon , Cui Xiang-Shun 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3, also known as GPSM1) regulates the trans-Golgi network. The AGS3 GoLoco motif binds to Gαi and thereby regulates the transport of proteins to the plasma membrane. Compaction of early embryos is based on the accumulation of E-cadherin (Cdh1) at cell-contacted membranes. However, how AGS3 regulates the transport of Cdh1 to the plasma membrane remains undetermined. To investigate this, AGS3 was knocked out using the Cas9-sgRNA system. Both trans-Golgi network protein 46 (TGN46, also known as TGOLN2) and transmembrane p24-trafficking protein 7 (TMED7) were tracked in early mouse embryos by tagging these proteins with a fluorescent protein label. We observed that the majority of the AGS3-edited embryos were developmentally arrested and were fragmented after the four-cell stage, exhibiting decreased accumulation of Cdh1 at the membrane. The trans-Golgi network and TMED7-positive vesicles were also dispersed and were not polarized near the membrane. Additionally, increased Gαi1 (encoded by GNAI1) expression could rescue AGS3-overexpressed embryos. In conclusion, AGS3 reinforces the dynamics of the trans-Golgi network and the transport of TMED7-positive cargo containing Cdh1 to the cell-contact surface during early mouse embryo development.
BCAT1 affects mitochondrial metabolism independently of leucine transamination in activated human macrophages
Authors: Ko Jeong-Hun , Olona Antoni , Papathanassiu Adonia E. , Buang Norzawani , Park Kwon-Sik , Costa Ana S. H. , Mauro Claudio , Frezza Christian , Behmoaras Jacques 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
In response to environmental stimuli, macrophages change their nutrient consumption and undergo an early metabolic adaptation that progressively shapes their polarization state. During the transient, early phase of pro-inflammatory macrophage activation, an increase in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity has been reported, but the relative contribution of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) leucine remains to be determined. Here, we show that glucose but not glutamine is a major contributor of the increase in TCA cycle metabolites during early macrophage activation in humans. We then show that, although uptake of BCAAs is not altered, their transamination by BCAT1 is increased following 8 h lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Of note, leucine is not metabolized to integrate into the TCA cycle in basal or stimulated human macrophages. Surprisingly, the pharmacological inhibition of BCAT1 reduced glucose-derived itaconate, α-ketoglutarate and 2-hydroxyglutarate levels without affecting succinate and citrate levels, indicating a partial inhibition of the TCA cycle. This indirect effect is associated with NRF2 (also known as NFE2L2) activation and anti-oxidant responses. These results suggest a moonlighting role of BCAT1 through redox-mediated control of mitochondrial function during early macrophage activation.
Development of Organosilicon Peroxides as Practical Alkyl Radical Precursors and Their Applications to Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Matsumoto Akira , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This account highlights the development of efficient methods for generation of alkyl radicals from organosilicon peroxides and their applications in selective alkylation reactions. Compared with commonly used organic peroxides, a more diverse range of organosilicon peroxides can be prepared as bench-stable alkyl radical precursors, and their use in combination with transition metal catalysts allows for generation of alkyl radicals under mild conditions. Consequently, these methods have opened up a new way for the formation of various carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds, affording highly functionalized carbon skeletons in chemoselective or asymmetric manners.
Obese Patients Decrease Work Rate in Order to Keep a Constant Target Heart Rate
Authors: ZUCCARELLI LUCREZIA , SARTORIO ALESSANDRO , DE MICHELI ROBERTA , TRINGALI GABRIELLA , GRASSI BRUNO 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
“Slow components” of heart rate (HR) kinetics, occurring also during moderate-intensity constant work rate exercise, represent a problem for exercise prescription at fixed HR values. This problem, described in young healthy subjects, could be more pronounced in obese patients.

Methods
Sixteen male obese patients (age, 22 ± 7 yr; body mass, 127 ± 19 kg; body mass index, 41.6 ± 3.9 kg·m−2) were tested before (PRE) and after (POST) a 3-wk multidisciplinary body mass reduction program, entailing moderate-intensity exercise. They performed on a cycle ergometer an incremental exercise to voluntary exhaustion (to determine peak pulmonary oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) and gas exchange threshold (GET)) and constant work rate exercises: moderate-intensity (MODERATE; 80% of GET determined in PRE), heavy-intensity (HEAVY; 120% of GET determined in PRE), and “HRCLAMPED” exercise, in which work rate was continuously adjusted to maintain a constant HR corresponding to that at 120% of GET. Breath-by-breath V˙O2 and HR were determined.

Results
V˙O2peak and GET (expressed as a percent of V˙O2peak) were not significantly different in PRE versus POST. In POST versus PRE, the HR slow component disappeared (MODERATE) or was reduced (HEAVY). In PRE, work rate had to decrease by ~20% over a 15-min task in order to keep HR constant; this decrease was significantly smaller (~5%) in POST.

Conclusions
In obese patients, a 3-wk multidisciplinary body mass reduction intervention i) increased exercise tolerance by eliminating (during MODERATE) or by reducing (during HEAVY) the slow component of HR kinetics, and ii) facilitated exercise prescription by allowing to translate a fixed submaximal HR value into a work rate slightly above GET.
Lower Extremity Kinematic and Kinetic Asymmetries during Running
Authors: STIFFLER-JOACHIM MIKEL RENEE , LUKES DREW HENRY , KLIETHERMES STEPHANIE A. , HEIDERSCHEIT BRYAN C. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Between-limb asymmetries during running are often evaluated to assess injury risk or recovery. Asymmetries less than 10% are generally considered normal, but it is unknown if asymmetries vary depending on the metric of interest, the athlete’s sex, or running speed.

Purpose
The primary aims of this investigation were to describe the magnitude of asymmetries of common variables during running among healthy athletes and to determine if sex and speed influence magnitudes of asymmetry.

Methods
This study analyzed routinely collected running gait data on healthy Division I collegiate athletes. All athletes had no history of lower extremity surgery, no lower extremity injuries for 3 months before testing, and running data available at 2.68, 2.95, 3.35, 3.80, and 4.47 m·s−1. Asymmetries were calculated for ground reaction forces, spatiotemporal metrics, joint kinematics, and joint kinetics. Separate linear mixed-effects models assessed the influence of sex, speed, and the interaction on asymmetries of interest. z Scores were calculated for significant effects to further assess the magnitude of differences.

Results
Results from 204 athletes were included. The magnitude of asymmetry varied depending on the variable of interest, with asymmetries ≤3° observed for joint kinematics and greater asymmetries observed among joint work asymmetries ranging from 10% to 40%. No significant interactions between sex and speed were observed. Differences in sex and speed were noted; however, the effect sizes were very small based on z score comparison (−0.17 ≤ z ≤ 0.36) and were unlikely to be meaningful.

Conclusions
The magnitude of asymmetry varies considerably depending on the running gait variable. Interpretation of between-limb asymmetry in running mechanics needs to be specific to the variable of interest, whereas sex or running speed seem to be minor factors.
Kinetics of Muscle Carnosine Decay after β-Alanine Supplementation: A 16-wk Washout Study
Authors: YAMAGUCHI GUILHERME CARVALHO , NEMEZIO KLEINER , SCHULZ MARIANE LEICHSENRING , NATALI JOSÉ , CESAR JONATAS EDUARDO , RIANI LUIZ AUGUSTO , GONÇALVES LÍVIA DE SOUZA , MÖLLER GABRIELLA BERWIG , SALE CRAIG , DE MEDEIROS MARISA HELENA GENNARI , GUALANO BRUNO , ARTIOLI GUILHERME GIANNINI 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to describe the kinetics of carnosine washout in human skeletal muscle over 16 wk.

Methods
Carnosine washout kinetics were studied in 15 young, physically active omnivorous men randomly assigned to take 6.4 g·d−1 of β-alanine (n = 11) or placebo (n = 4) for 8 wk. Muscle carnosine content (M-Carn) was determined before (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 4, 8, 12, and 16 wk after supplementation. High-intensity exercise tests were performed at these same time points. Linear and exponential models were fitted to the washout data, and the leave-one-out method was used to select the model with the best fit for M-Carn decay data. Repeated-measures correlation analysis was used to assess the association between changes in M-Carn and changes in performance.

Results
M-Carn increased from PRE to POST in the β-alanine group only (+91.1% ± 29.1%; placebo, +0.04% ± 10.1%; P < 0.0001). M-Carn started to decrease after cessation of β-alanine supplementation and continued to decrease until week 16 (POST4, +59% ± 40%; POST8, +35% ± 39%; POST12, +18% ± 32%; POST16, −3% ± 24% of PRE M-Carn). From week 12 onward, M-Carn was no longer statistically different from PRE. Both linear and exponential models displayed very similar fit and could be used to describe carnosine washout, although the linear model presented a slightly better fit. The decay in M-Carn was mirrored by a similar decay in high-intensity exercise tolerance; M-Carn was moderately and significantly correlated with total mechanical work done (r = 0.505; P = 0.032) and time to exhaustion (r = 0.72; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Carnosine washout takes 12–16 wk to complete, and it can be described either by linear or exponential curves. Changes in M-Carn seem to be mirrored by changes in high-intensity exercise tolerance. This information can be used to optimize β-alanine supplementation strategies.
Early childhood bilingualism: effects on brain structure and function
Authors: Goksan Sezgi , Argyri Froso , Clayden Jonathan D. , Liegeois Frederique , Wei Li 
Published: November 2020

Growing up in a bilingual environment is becoming increasingly common. Yet, we know little about how this enriched language environment influences the connectivity of children’s brains. Behavioural research in children and adults has shown that bilingualism experience may boost executive control (EC) skills, such as inhibitory control and attention. Moreover, increased structural and functional (resting-state) connectivity in language-related and EC-related brain networks is associated with increased executive control in bilingual adults. However, how bilingualism factors alter brain connectivity early in brain development remains poorly understood. We will combine standardised tests of attention with structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in bilingual children. This study will allow us to address an important field of inquiry within linguistics and developmental cognitive neuroscience by examining the following questions: Does bilingual experience modulate connectivity in language-related and EC-related networks in children? Do differences in resting-state brain connectivity correlate with differences in EC skills (specifically attention skills)? How do bilingualism-related factors, such as age of exposure to two languages, language usage and proficiency, modulate brain connectivity? We will collect structural and functional MRI, and quantitative measures of EC and language skills from two groups of English-Greek bilingual children - 20 simultaneous bilinguals (exposure to both languages from birth) and 20 successive bilinguals (exposure to English between the ages of 3 and 5 years) - and 20 English monolingual children, 8-10 years old. We will compare connectivity measures and attention skills between monolinguals and bilinguals to examine the effects of bilingual exposure. We will also examine to what extent bilingualism factors predict brain connectivity in EC and language networks. Overall, we hypothesize that connectivity and EC will be enhanced in bilingual children compared to monolingual children, and each outcome will be modulated by age of exposure to two languages and by bilingual language usage.
Synthesis and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles of Achillea millefolium L. and their activities
Authors: Kain Dolly , Kumar Suresh 
Published: November 2020

Background: Achillea millefolium L. is an herbal aromatic plant of family Asteraceae reported to have various medicinal activities in the literature. The current study evaluated the potential of chitosan nanoparticles of A. millefolium as an effective strategy for targeted treatment of bacterial diseases and urolithiasis. Methods: A. millefolium was collected from Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir, and its inflorescence extracted in water by maceration. Chitosan nanoparticles of A. millefolium (AMCSNPs) were prepared by ionic gelation method using 0.1% chitosan, different concentrations of the cross-linking agent sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP; 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%) and different concentrations of A. millefolium extract (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%). Characterization of AMCSNPs was done using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Antibacterial screening of AMCSNPs was performed by well-diffusion method. Antiurolithiatic screening of AMCSNPs was done by nucleation and aggregation assay. Results: The best chitosan nanoparticles of A. millefolium (AMCSNPs) were obtained with 0.1% chitosan, 1% STPP and 20% A. millefolium. These AMCSNPs showed maximum zone of inhibition of 30±0.5 mm using the well-diffusion method against both Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) and maximum antiurolithiatic activity with 68% inhibition shown at aggregation stage. Conclusions: The current study suggests that AMCSNPs are an excellent strategy for targeted drug delivery for treatment of bacterial diseases and urolithiasis.
Effect of Parental Adverse Childhood Experiences and Resilience on a Child's Healthcare Reutilization
Authors: Shah Anita N , Auger Katherine A , Sucharew Heidi J , Mangeot Colleen , Childress Kelsey , Haney Julianne , Shah Samir S , Simmons Jeffrey M , Beck Andrew F , Group on behalf of the Hospital‐to‐Homes Outcomes Trial Study 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUNDAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor health outcomes in adults. Resilience may mitigate this effect. There is limited evidence regarding how parents' ACEs and resilience may be associated with their children's health outcomes.OBJECTIVETo determine the association of parental ACEs and resilience with their child's risk of unanticipated healthcare reutilization.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSWe conducted a prospective cohort study (August 2015 to October 2016) at a tertiary, freestanding pediatric medical center in Cincinnati, Ohio. Eligible participants were English‐speaking parents of children hospitalized on a Hospital Medicine or Complex Services team. A total of 1,320 parents of hospitalized children completed both the ACE questionnaire and the Brief Resilience Scale Survey.EXPOSURENumber of ACEs and Brief Resilience Scale Score among parents.MAIN OUTCOMESUnanticipated reutilization by children, defined as returning to the emergency room, urgent care, or being readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of hospital discharge.RESULTSIn adjusted analyses, children of parents with 4 or more ACEs had 1.69‐times higher odds (95% CI, 1.11‐2.60) of unanticipated reutilization after an index hospitalization, compared with children of parents with no ACEs. Resilience was not significantly associated with reutilization.CONCLUSIONParental history of ACEs is strongly associated with higher odds of their child having unanticipated healthcare reutilization after a hospital discharge, highlighting an intergenerational effect. Screening may be an important tool for outcome prediction and intervention guidance following pediatric hospitalization.