bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the potential impact of an emergency department extracorporeal resuscitation (ECPR) program: a health records review
Authors: McDonald Laura , Mastoras George , Hickey Michael , McDonald Bernard , Kwok Edmund S.H. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesExtracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in refractory cardiac arrest (ECPR) is an emerging resuscitative therapy that has shown promising results for selected patients who may not otherwise survive. We sought to identify the characteristics of cardiac arrest patients presenting to our institution to begin assessing the feasibility of an ECPR program.MethodsThis retrospective health records review included patients aged 18–75 years old presenting to our academic teaching hospital campuses with refractory nontraumatic out-of-hospital or in-emergency department (ED) cardiac arrest over a 2-year period. Based on a scoping review of the literature, both “liberal” and “restrictive” ECPR criteria were defined and applied to our cohort.ResultsA total of 179 patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 60 years, and patients were predominantly male (72.6%). The initial rhythm was ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in 49.2%. The majority of arrests were witnessed (69.3%), with immediate bystander CPR performed on 53.1% and an additional 12% receiving CPR within 10 minutes of collapse. Median prehospital time was 40 minutes (interquartile range, 31–53.3). Two-thirds of patients (65.9%) were identified as having a reversible cause of arrest and favorable premorbid status was identified in nearly three quarters (74.3%). Our two sets of ECPR inclusion criteria revealed that 33 and 5 patients (liberal and restrictive criteria, respectively), would have been candidates for ECPR.ConclusionAt our institution, we estimate between 6% and 40% of ED refractory cardiac arrest patients would be candidates for ECPR. These findings suggest that the implementation of an ECPR program should be explored.
The role of iconicity, construal, and proficiency in the online processing of handshape
Authors: OCCHINO CORRINE , ANIBLE BENJAMIN , MORFORD JILL P. 
Published: March 2020

abstractIconicity has traditionally been considered an objective, fixed, unidimensional property of language forms, often operationalized as transparency for experimental purposes. Within a Cognitive Linguistics framework, iconicity is a mapping between an individual’s construal of form and construal of meaning, such that iconicity is subjective, dynamic, and multidimensional. We test the latter alternative by asking signers who differed in ASL proficiency to complete a handshape monitoring task in which we manipulated the number of form–meaning construals that target handshapes participated in. We estimated the interaction of iconicity, proficiency, and construal density using mixed-effects models for response time and accuracy with crossed random effects for participants and items.Results show a significant three-way interaction between iconicity, proficiency, and construal density such that less-proficient signers detected handshapes in more iconic signs faster than less iconic signs regardless of the handshape they were monitoring, but highly proficient signers’ performance was only improved by iconicity for handshapes that participate in many construals. Taken in conjunction with growing evidence of the subjectivity of iconicity, we interpret these results as support for the claim that construal is a core mechanism underlying iconicity, both for transparent and systematic language-internal form–meaning mappings.
Link between East Asian summer monsoon and sedimentation in river-mouth sandbars since the early Holocene preserved in the Yangtze River subaqueous delta front
Authors: Xu Gang , Liu Jian , Gugliotta Marcello , Saito Yoshiki , Chen Lilei , Zhang Xin , Hu Gang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents geochemical and grain-size records since the early Holocene in core ECS0702 with a fine chronology frame obtained from the Yangtze River subaqueous delta front. Since ~9500 cal yr BP, the proxy records of chemical weathering from the Yangtze River basin generally exhibit a Holocene optimum in the early Holocene, a weak East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) period during the middle Holocene, and a relatively strong EASM period in the late Holocene. The ~8.2 and ~4.4 cal ka BP cooling events are recorded in core ECS0702. The flooding events reconstructed by the grain-size parameters since the early Holocene suggest that the floods mainly occurred during strong EASM periods and the Yangtze River mouth sandbar caused by the floods mainly formed in the early and late Holocene. The Yangtze River-mouth sandbars since the early Holocene shifted from north to south, affected by tidal currents and the Coriolis force, and more importantly, controlled by the EASM. Our results are of great significance for enriching both the record of Holocene climate change in the Yangtze River basin and knowledge about the formation and evolution progress of the deltas located in monsoon regions.
Cooling management effects on dry matter intake, metabolic hormones levels and welfare parameters in dairy cows during heat stress
Authors: Kleinjan-Elazary Alona , Ben-Meir Yehoshav , Gacitua Haim , Levit Harel , Fridman Avia , Shinder Dima , Jacoby Shamay , Miron Joshua , Halachmi Ilan , Gershon Eran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypothesis that intensive cooling management during the summer improves the secretion of metabolic hormones in dairy cows. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the effect of different cooling managements on the different ghrelin isoforms and leptin secretion of 20 Israeli-Holstein dairy cows during 5 weeks during heat stress. The cows were divided into two groups: one was exposed to 5 cooling sessions per day (5 CS) and the other to 8 cooling sessions per day (8 CS). Blood was collected and leptin and ghrelin isoforms level were radioimmunoassayed. Analysis of the interaction between coolings and the week of the experiment showed that the 8 CS group consumed more food and produced more milk, although neither difference was statistically significant. In addition, the 8 CS group exhibited higher blood levels of acyl-ghrelin and leptin as compared to the 5 CS group. Conversely, the blood levels of total ghrelin were lower in the cows exposed to 8 CS as compared to cows from the 5 CS treatment. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found only between total ghrelin levels and the weeks, but not with other parameters examined. We further compared digestibility as well as stress parameters between the groups. We found that the 8 CS group cows ruminated and lay down more hours during a day and simultaneously had better activity time. No significant difference was detected between groups in milk yield and digestibility parameters. Our results suggest that intensive cooling management during the hot season influences the levels of metabolic hormones in the circulation and helps to mitigate the detrimental effect of heat stress on dairy cow welfare and production.
Anionic food color tartrazine enhances antibacterial efficacy of histatin-derived peptide DHVAR4 by fine-tuning its membrane activity
Authors: Ricci Maria , Horváti Kata , Juhász Tünde , Szigyártó Imola , Török György , Sebák Fanni , Bodor Andrea , Homolya László , Henczkó Judit , Pályi Bernadett , Mlinkó Tamás , Mihály Judith , Nizami Bilal , Yang Zihuayuan , Lin Fengming , Lu Xiaolin , Románszki Loránd , Bóta Attila , Varga Zoltán , Bősze Szilvia , Zsila Ferenc , Beke-Somfai Tamás 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHere it is demonstrated how some anionic food additives commonly used in our diet, such as tartrazine (TZ), bind to DHVAR4, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from oral host defense peptides, resulting in significantly fostered toxic activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but not against mammalian cells. Biophysical studies on the DHVAR4–TZ interaction indicate that initially large, positively charged aggregates are formed, but in the presence of lipid bilayers, they rather associate with the membrane surface. In contrast to synergistic effects observed for mixed antibacterial compounds, this is a principally different mechanism, where TZ directly acts on the membrane-associated AMP promoting its biologically active helical conformation. Model vesicle studies show that compared to dye-free DHVAR4, peptide–TZ complexes are more prone to form H-bonds with the phosphate ester moiety of the bilayer head-group region resulting in more controlled bilayer fusion mechanism and concerted severe cell damage. AMPs are considered as promising compounds to combat formidable antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections; however, we know very little on their in vivo actions, especially on how they interact with other chemical agents. The current example illustrates how food dyes can modulate AMP activity, which is hoped to inspire improved therapies against microbial infections in the alimentary tract. Results also imply that the structure and function of natural AMPs could be manipulated by small compounds, which may also offer a new strategic concept for the future design of peptide-based antimicrobials.
On where God isn't: excrement and the philosophy of religion; two Jewish perspectives
Authors: LEBENS SAMUEL 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMilan Kundera suggests that human excrement poses a special problem for classical theism. Is there really a problem here, and if there is, how might the theist respond? This article explores Jewish sources in order to construct a real philosophical problem from Kundera's concern, and suggests two responses to that problem, both, once again, drawn from the Jewish tradition.
Reproductive traits and age of barbeled plunderfishes from the Weddell Sea
Authors: La Mesa Mario , Donato Fortunata , Riginella Emilio , Papetti Chiara , Parker Elyse , Near Thomas J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe genus Pogonophryne is the most species-rich genus of barbeled plunderfishes (Artedidraconidae) and includes more than 25 poorly known species endemic to the Southern Ocean. In this study, we provide new data on the age and reproductive traits of some species of Pogonophryne from the southern Weddell Sea, inferred through otolith reading and histological analyses of gonads. Individual age estimates ranged between 16 and 18 years for Pogonophryne barsukovi and Pogonophryne immaculata and between 10 and 22 years for Pogonophryne scotti. As is commonly found in notothenioids, P. barsukovi followed a group-synchronous type of ovarian development, with pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes forming two well-separated egg-size groups. A single spawning female in the sample produced ~1097 eggs and 7.9 eggs g-1. The sample of P. immaculata consisted exclusively of developing males, with testes composed of cysts of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. Pogonophryne scotti was the most abundant species, including relatively small males at immature or developing stages of gonad development. Larger females were regressing, being characterized by ovaries with postovulatory follicles and atretic oocytes. Based on the macroscopic and histological analyses of gonads, the spawning season would take place in autumn for P. barsukovi and P. immaculata and in spring–early summer for P. scotti.
Introduction: Historicizing Sayyid-ness: Social Status and Muslim Identity in South Asia
Authors: GAUTIER LAURENCE , LEVESQUE JULIEN 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe introduction to the special issue provides a framework to think about the changing conceptions of Sayyid-ness in various historical contexts in South Asia. First, we review some of the sociological and anthropological literature on caste among South Asian Muslims, to argue for a contextualised and historicised study of Muslim social stratification in Muslims’ own terms. Second, we throw light on the fact that Sayyid-ness, far from being a transhistorical fact, may be conceptualised differently in different socio-political and historical contexts. For instance, Sayyid pedigree was at times downplayed in favour of a more encompassing Ashraf identity in order to project the idea of a single Muslim community. Far from projecting an essentialising image of Sayyid-ness, by focusing on historical change, the articles in this collection de-naturalise Sayyids’ and Ashraf's social superiority as a ‘well-understood and accepted fact’. They further shift attention from the debate on ‘Muslim caste’, often marred by Hindu-centric assumptions, to focus instead on social dynamics among South Asian Muslims ‘in their own terms’. In so doing, these studies highlight the importance of the local, while pointing to possible comparisons with Muslim groups outside South Asia.
FINITE FIELD EXTENSIONS WITH THE LINE OR TRANSLATE PROPERTY FOR -PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
Authors: COHEN STEPHEN D. , KAPETANAKIS GIORGOS 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLet $r,n>1$ be integers and $q$ be any prime power $q$ such that $r\mid q^{n}-1$. We say that the extension $\mathbb{F}_{q^{n}}/\mathbb{F}_{q}$ possesses the line property for $r$-primitive elements property if, for every $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\in \mathbb{F}_{q^{n}}^{\ast }$ such that $\mathbb{F}_{q^{n}}=\mathbb{F}_{q}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D703})$, there exists some $x\in \mathbb{F}_{q}$ such that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}+x)$ has multiplicative order $(q^{n}-1)/r$. We prove that, for sufficiently large prime powers $q$, $\mathbb{F}_{q^{n}}/\mathbb{F}_{q}$ possesses the line property for $r$-primitive elements. We also discuss the (weaker) translate property for extensions.
Enhancing meaning in the face of advanced cancer and pain: Qualitative evaluation of a meaning-centered psychosocial pain management intervention
Authors: Winger Joseph G. , Ramos Katherine , Steinhauser Karen E. , Somers Tamara J. , Porter Laura S. , Kamal Arif H. , Breitbart William S. , Keefe Francis J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to obtain patient evaluations of the content, structure, and delivery modality of Meaning-Centered Pain Coping Skills Training (MCPC), a novel psychosocial intervention for patients with advanced cancer and pain. MCPC aims to help patients connect with valued sources of meaning in their lives (e.g., family relationships), while providing training in evidence-based cognitive and behavioral skills (e.g., guided imagery) to reduce pain.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 patients with stage IV solid tumor cancers and persistent pain. Transcripts were analyzed using methods from applied thematic analysis.ResultsWhen evaluating MCPC's educational information and skills training descriptions, participants described ways in which this content resonated with their experience. Many coped with their pain and poor prognosis by relying on frameworks that provided them with a sense of meaning, often involving their personally held religious or spiritual beliefs. They also expressed a need for learning ways to cope with pain in addition to taking medication. A few participants offered helpful suggestions for refining MCPC's content, such as addressing common co-occurring symptoms of sleep disturbance and fatigue. Concerning MCPC's structure and delivery modality, most participants preferred that sessions include their family caregiver and described remote delivery (i.e., telephone or videoconference) as being more feasible than attending in-person sessions.Significance of resultsParticipants were interested in an intervention that concurrently focuses on learning pain coping skills and enhancing a sense of meaning. Using remote delivery modalities may reduce access barriers (e.g., travel) that would otherwise prevent many patients from utilizing psychosocial services.
Hunting the Northern Lights
Authors: Brekke Asgeir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhen a tragic accident occurred in November 1962 in the coalmine of Kings Bay Company in Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard, (78°55´N, 11°56´E) it led to the fall of the labour government that had been ruling Norway since the Second World War. A year later the mine was closed, the infrastructure left unattended, and the community of Ny‐Ålesund evacuated. The Norwegian government was then facing a challenge as it had to establish a new activity in the village in order to keep the sovereignty over the territory. This was in the middle of the Cold War. The Russian population on Svalbard was about twice as large as the Norwegian, while the production of the Russian mines was approximately half the output of the Norwegians. An empty village with well‐developed infrastructure on Svalbard was therefore an enticement for the Soviet Union.
Large‐Scale Characteristics of Tropical Convective Systems Through the Prism of Cloud Regime
Authors: Jin Daeho , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Lee Dongmin , Tan Jackson , Kim Kyu‐myong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe employ the cloud regime concept to identify large‐scale tropical convective systems and investigate their characteristics in terms of organization and precipitation. The tropical cloud regimes (TCRs) are derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer cloud optical thickness and cloud top pressure two‐dimensional joint histograms. We focus on the TCRs that have relatively low cloud top pressures and high cloud optical thicknesses, as well as heavy precipitation, namely, TCR1 (convective core‐dominant), TCR2 (various high clouds), and TCR3 (anvils). The horizontal size of aggregates of TCR1, TCR2, or TCR3 occurrences (TCR123) is identified as the number of contiguous 1° × 1° grid cells occupied by either of these three TCRs. For the small‐ to intermediate‐size aggregates (TCR123 size 20 to 160 one‐degree grid cells), there is large variability in the fraction of the aggregate each TCR occupies, but generally, TCR2 exhibits the highest fraction. As the total system size grows, the variability shrinks and for the largest systems ratios eventually converge to 0.3, 0.2, and 0.5 for TCR1, TCR2, and TCR3, respectively. The mean precipitation of convective core‐rich TCR1 is generally high for the systems of intermediate size (80–160 one‐degree grid cells) but with the highest mean coming from smaller systems of 20–40 grid cells. For the largest systems, their mean precipitation in areas containing cores (TCR1) are relatively low with suppressed variation. The mean precipitation rates of TCR2 and TCR3 in a TCR123 aggregate tend to be stronger when accompanying TCR1 mean precipitation rate is also high.
Satellite‐Terrestrial Channel Characterization in High‐Speed Railway Environment at 22.6 GHz
Authors: Ma Lei , Guan Ke , Yan Dong , He Danping , Leonor Nuno R. , Ai Bo , Kim Junhyeong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe integration of satellite and terrestrial communication systems plays a vital role in the fifth‐generation mobile communication system (5G) for the ubiquitous coverage, reliable service, and flexible networking. Moreover, the millimeter wave (mmWave) communication with large bandwidth is a key enabler for 5G intelligent rail transportation. In this paper, the satellite‐terrestrial channel at 22.6 GHz is characterized for a typical high‐speed railway (HSR) environment. The three‐dimensional model of the railway scenario is reconstructed and imported into the Cloud Ray‐Tracing (CloudRT) simulation platform. Based on extensive ray‐tracing simulations, the channel for the terrestrial HSR system and the satellite‐terrestrial system with two weather conditions are characterized, and the interference between them are evaluated. The results of this paper can help for the design and evaluation for the satellite‐terrestrial communication system enabling future intelligent rail transportation.
Debates—Does Information Theory Provide a New Paradigm for Earth Science?
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Gupta Hoshin V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe basis for all knowledge is “information” that we compile about the world, expressed through models that support understanding, prediction, and decision making. This overview paper provides a contextual basis for the four papers that make up the “debate series” compiled under the above title. We briefly introduce Information Theory, discuss how “information” can be considered to be both a “physical” quantity and a “probabilistic” basis for representing incompleteness in knowledge, discuss the core motivation for this debate series, and briefly summarize the major arguments advanced by each of the debate papers. Our purpose is to facilitate an understanding of how these papers are related and how they approach the debate series question from different perspectives, while pointing to future directions for research. Finally, we invite further discourse and debate to advance the understanding and prediction of natural system dynamics using Information Theory, including the assessment of its limitations and complementarity to existing physics and machine learning approaches. Ultimately, our goal is to press for the development of philosophical and methodological advances that will enable the Earth science community to address some of the compelling unsolved problems in our field.
PROM2 promotes gemcitabine chemoresistance via activating the Akt signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Li Wenbin , Zhu Yue , Zhang Kelin , Yu Xianhuan , Lin Haoming , Wu Wenrui , Peng Yaorong , Sun Jian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the deoxycytidine analogue gemcitabine (2′,2′,-difluorodeoxycytidine) has become the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for patients with pancreatic cancer. However, due to the intrinsic resistance of pancreatic cancer cells, gemcitabine-based chemotherapy yields limited disease control, with >85% disease progression at 6 months from diagnosis. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of chemoresistance is a critical step in improving cancer therapy, especially for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We show PROM2, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is ubiquitously upregulated in pancreatic cancer cell. We also found higher PROM2 expression is associated with shortened overall and disease-free survival times in patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. We provide evidence that PROM2 promotes chemoresistance to gemcitabine both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that PROM2 could directly interacted with Akt and activates the Akt signaling pathway, which thus inhibiting gemcitabine-induced apoptosis. As further evidence, we show PROM2 expression and Akt phosphorylation both promote gemcitabine chemoresistance, and cause poorer survival in clinical samples with pancreatic cancer. Combining gemcitabine with the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 facilitated significant tumor shrinkage and dramatically elevated the survival status in mice xenografted with pancreatic cancer cells. Our findings not only establish PROM2 as a novel positive regulator of the Akt signaling pathway and a candidate prognostic indicator of gemcitabine response, but also provide a neo-therapeutic approach for patients resistant to gemcitabine treatment.