bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of a footwall‐scarp degradation complex and syn‐rift stratigraphic architecture, Exmouth Plateau, NW Shelf, offshore Australia
Authors: Barrett Bonita J. , Hodgson David M. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Lloyd Christopher , Casagrande Junia , Collier Richard E. Ll. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInteractions between footwall‐, hangingwall‐ and axial‐derived depositional systems make syn‐rift stratigraphic architecture difficult to predict, and preservation of net‐erosional source landscapes is limited. Distinguishing between deposits derived from fault‐scarp degradation (consequent systems) and those derived from long‐lived catchments beyond the fault block crest (antecedent systems) is also challenging, but important for hydrocarbon reservoir prospecting. We undertake geometric and volumetric analysis of a fault‐scarp degradation complex and adjacent hangingwall‐fill associated with the Thebe‐2 fault block on the Exmouth Plateau, NW Shelf, offshore Australia, using high resolution 3D seismic data. Vertical and headward erosion of the complex and fault throw are measured. Seismic‐stratigraphic and seismic facies mapping allow us to constrain the spatial and architectural variability of depositional systems in the hangingwall. Footwall‐derived systems interacted with hangingwall‐ and axial‐derived systems, through diversion around topography, interfingering or successive onlap. We calculate the volume of footwall‐sourced hangingwall fans (VHW) for nine quadrants along the fault block, and compare this to the volume of material eroded from the immediately up‐dip fault‐scarp (VFW). This analysis highlights areas of sediment bypass (VFW > VHW) and areas fed by sediment sources beyond the degraded fault scarp (VHW > VFW). Exposure of the border fault footwall and adjacent fault terraces produced small catchments located beyond the fault block crest that fed the hangingwall basin. One source persisted throughout the main syn‐rift episode, and its location coincided with: (a) an intra‐basin topographic high; (b) a local fault throw minimum; (c) increased vertical and headward erosion within the fault‐scarp degradation complex; and (d) sustained clinoform development in the immediate hangingwall. Our novel quantitative volumetric approach to identify through‐going sediment input points could be applied to other rift basin‐fills. We highlight implications for hydrocarbon exploration and emphasize the need to incorporate interaction of multiple sediment sources and their resultant architecture in tectono‐stratigraphic models for rift basins.
Carbon ion radiation therapy for sinonasal malignancies: Promising results from 2282 cases from the real world
Authors: Zhang Wenna , Hu Weixu , Hu Jiyi , Gao Jing , Yang Jing , Kong Lin , Lu Jiade J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT), proton radiation therapy (PRT), and photon‐based intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the treatment of sinonasal malignancies. We identified studies through systematic review and divided them into three cohorts (CIRT group/PRT group/IMRT group). Primary outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS) and local control (LC). We pooled the outcomes with meta‐analysis and compared the survival difference among groups using Chi2 (χ2) test. A representative sample of 2282 patients with sinonasal malignancies (911 in the CIRT group, 599 in the PRT group, and 772 in the IMRT group) from 44 observation studies (7 CIRT, 16 PRT, and 21 IMRT) was included. The pooled 3‐year OS, LC, distant metastasis–free survival, and progression‐free survival rates were 67.0%, 72.8%, 69.4%, and 52.8%, respectively. Through cross‐group analysis, the OS was significantly higher after CIRT (75.1%, 95% CI: 67.1%‐83.2%) than PRT (66.2%, 95% CI: 57.7%‐74.6%; χ2 = 13.374, P < .0001) or IMRT (63.8%, 95% CI: 55.3%‐72.3%; χ2 = 23.814, P < .0001). LC was significantly higher after CIRT (80.2%, 95% CI: 73.9%‐86.5%) than PRT (72.9%, 95% CI: 63.7%‐82.0%; χ2 = 8.955, P = .003) or IMRT (67.8%, 95% CI: 59.4%‐76.2%; χ2 = 30.955, P < .0001). However, no significant difference between PRT and IMRT for OS and LC was observed. CIRT appeared to provide better OS and LC for patients with malignancies of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. A prospective randomized clinical trial is needed to confirm the superiority of CIRT in the treatment of sinonasal tumors.
Safe environments—Through the eyes of 9‐year‐old schoolchildren from a socially vulnerable area in Sweden
Authors: Enskär Karin , Isma Gabriella E. , Rämgård Margaretha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren are more vulnerable than adults to environmental risks. Also, children have little control over their environment. Unlike adults, they may be both unaware of risks and unable to make choices to protect their health. Children living in especially vulnerable areas might be even more at risk due to socio‐economic factors, immigration and high crime rates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the perceptions that schoolchildren from a socially vulnerable area have of safe environments.MethodsFifty‐two 9‐year‐old schoolchildren from a socially vulnerable area participated in this study. The data collection consisted of an environmental walk with photovoicing, followed by rating of the photos and a focus‐group discussion elaborating on the photos and ratings. Six focus groups, with six to eight children in each group, were conducted and analysed using inductive content analysis.ResultsThe results show that, according to the children, places that they think are bright and beautiful, where they can do fun things with others and do not risk being exposed to danger, create safety. To increase safety, the children suggested cleaning up, making the environment beautiful with grass and flowers and painting it in nice colours. Furthermore, they suggested that building features that increase the opportunities to play and engage in activities together with others would improve safety and enhance protection and surveillance.ConclusionsAll children have the right to protection and safety. Therefore, it is important to create safe environments for all children by listening to children's own voices.
Changes in the hepatitis B surface antibody in childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia survivors after treatment with the CCLG-ALL 2008 protocol
Authors: Wang L , Hu H , Zhang R , Zheng X , Li J , Lu J , Zhang Y , Qi P , Lin W , Wu Y , Yu J , Fan J , Peng Y , Zheng H 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Antibody levels after hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination may be affected by suppression of the immune system due to cancer therapy. As such, childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) survivors are at risk of HBV infection due to immunosuppression secondary to chemotherapy. However, the hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb)-seropositive rate of childhood ALL survivors after chemotherapy is unknown, and the need to revaccinate HBsAb-seronegative ALL survivors is not appreciated in China. To assess the changes in HBsAb before and after chemotherapy, we retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 547 patients treated with the Chinese Children Leukaemia Group (CCLG)-ALL 2008 protocol from 1 April 2008 to 30 August 2019. The results revealed that 416 patients (76·1%) were HBsAb-seropositive at diagnosis, and at the time of the cessation of chemotherapy, 177 patients (32·4%) were HBsAb-seropositive and 370 patients (67·6%) were HBsAb-seronegative. Interestingly, 11 patients who were HBsAb-seronegative at diagnosis converted to seropositive at the time of the cessation of chemotherapy. HBsAb titres were decreased after chemotherapy (P &lt; 0·0001). Further, patients with higher HBsAb titres at diagnosis were more likely to maintain protective antibody titres at the completion of chemotherapy (P &lt; 0·0001). The loss of antibody was more remarkable in younger patients (≤ 10 years) both at diagnosis (P = 0·009) and at the completion of chemotherapy (P = 0·006). In summary, this study showed that 67·6% of patients were HBsAb-seronegative at the time of the cessation of chemotherapy, which indicates that ALL survivors are at high risk of HBV. As a result, HBV revaccination after chemotherapy should be highly valued in ALL survivors.
Comprehensive genotype‐phenotype correlation in AP‐4 deficiency syndrome; Adding data from a large cohort of Iranian patients
Authors: Beheshtian Maryam , Akhtarkhavari Tara , Mehvari Sepideh , Mohseni Marzieh , Fattahi Zohreh , Abedini Seyedeh Sedigheh , Arzhangi Sanaz , Fadaee Mahsa , Jamali Payman , Najafipour Reza , Kalscheuer Vera M. , Hu Hao , Ropers Hans‐Hilger , Najmabadi Hossein , Kahrizi Kimia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMutations in adaptor protein complex‐4 (AP‐4) genes have first been identified in 2009, causing a phenotype termed as AP‐4 deficiency syndrome. Since then several patients with overlapping phenotypes, comprised of intellectual disability (ID) and spastic tetraplegia have been reported. To delineate the genotype‐phenotype correlation of the AP‐4 deficiency syndrome, we add the data from 30 affected individuals from 12 out of 640 Iranian families with ID in whom we detected disease‐causing variants in AP‐4 complex subunits, using next‐generation sequencing. Furthermore, by comparing genotype‐phenotype findings of those affected individuals with previously reported patients, we further refine the genotype‐phenotype correlation in this syndrome. The most frequent reported clinical findings in the 101 cases consist of ID and/or global developmental delay (97%), speech disorders (92.1%), inability to walk (90.1%), spasticity (77.2%), and microcephaly (75.2%). Spastic tetraplegia has been reported in 72.3% of the investigated patients. The major brain imaging findings are abnormal corpus callosum morphology (63.4%) followed by ventriculomegaly (44.5%). Our result might suggest the AP‐4 deficiency syndrome as a major differential diagnostic for unknown hereditary neurodegenerative disorders.
Predictive value of changes in the level of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Zheng Z. , Wang X. , Huang Y. , Lu X. , Chi P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to explore the predictive value of changes in the level of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and after surgery in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).MethodPatients with LARC who underwent nCRT and radical surgery (between 2011 and 2016) were divided into three groups according to pre‐nCRT and post‐nCRT CA19‐9 levels as follows: normal pre‐nCRT CA19‐9 (normal CA19‐9 group), elevated pre‐nCRT and normal post‐nCRT CA19‐9 (normalized group) and elevated pre‐nCRT and elevated post‐nCRT CA19‐9 (nonnormalized group). The pathological nCRT response criteria included ypCR and downstaging (ypStages 0–I). Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed.ResultsA total of 721 patients were identified. The normal CA19‐9 group was significantly associated with ypCR (n = 159) and downstaging (n = 347) (P < 0.05). The normalized group (n = 76) had worse RFS and OS than the normal CA19‐9 group (n = 622) and better RFS and OS than the nonnormalized group (n = 23) (5‐year RFS 47.0% vs 66.9% vs 81.5%, P < 0.001; 5‐year OS 47.0% vs 75.4% vs 85.0%, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, CA19‐9 group and ypTNM stage were independent predictors of RFS and OS. Moreover, for the 23 patients with elevated post‐nCRT CA19‐9 levels, the RFS and OS of patients with normalized postoperative CA19‐9 levels were significantly better than those of patients with elevated postoperative CA19‐9 levels (P < 0.05).ConclusionFollowing nCRT, changes in the CA19‐9 level are a strong prognostic marker for long‐term survival, and they may be helpful in the selection of patients who prefer more conservative surgery after chemoradiotherapy.
Effect of Combination Therapy of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin on Mortality in Patients With COVID‐19
Authors: Lauriola Marinella , Pani Arianna , Ippoliti Giovanbattista , Mortara Andrea , Milighetti Stefano , Mazen Marjieh , Perseghin Gianluca , Pastori Daniele , Grosso Paolo , Scaglione Francesco 
Published: September 2020

Conflicting evidence regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection do exist. We performed a retrospective single‐center cohort study including 377 consecutive patients admitted for pneumonia related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Of these, 297 were in combination treatment, 17 were on HCQ alone, and 63 did not receive either of these 2 drugs because of contraindications. The primary end point was in‐hospital death. Mean age was 71.8 ± 13.4 years and 34.2% were women. We recorded 146 deaths: 35 in no treatment, 7 in HCQ treatment group, and 102 in HCQ + azithromycin treatment group (log rank test for Kaplan–Meier curve P < 0.001). At multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.057, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.035–1.079, P < 0.001), mechanical ventilation/continuous positive airway pressure (HR 2.726, 95% CI 1.823–4.074, P < 0.001), and C reactive protein above the median (HR 2.191, 95% CI 1.479–3.246, P < 0.001) were directly associated with death, whereas use of HCQ + azithromycin (vs. no treatment; HR 0.265, 95% CI 0.171–0.412, P < 0.001) was inversely associated. In this study, we found a reduced in‐hospital mortality in patients treated with a combination of HCQ and azithromycin after adjustment for comorbidities. A large randomized trial is necessary to confirm these findings.
Exploring views on alcohol consumption and digital support for alcohol reduction in UK‐based Punjabi‐Sikh men: A think aloud and interview study
Authors: Taak Karamjeet , Brown Jamie , Perski Olga 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsWe aimed to explore UK‐based Punjabi‐Sikh men's views on: (i) alcohol consumption within the community; (ii) available support for alcohol reduction; and (iii) an evidence‐informed alcohol reduction app.Design and MethodsSemi‐structured interviews and a think aloud method were employed. Participants (n = 15) were male, aged 18–27 years, identified as Punjabi‐Sikh, were hazardous or harmful drinkers (i.e. had an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test‐Consumption score of ≥5) and interested in using an app to reduce drinking. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed with inductive thematic analysis.ResultsSix themes were developed: (i) fear of drinking to cope; (ii) clash between religious and cultural norms (i.e. an internal conflict between important values); (iii) stigmatisation of mental health issues and lack of knowledge as barriers to help seeking; (iv) perceived usefulness of goal setting, monitoring and feedback (i.e. beliefs about the utility of the app's components for reducing drinking); (v) concerns about accessibility of the app within the Punjabi‐Sikh community; and (vi) desire for human support for continued app engagement.Discussion and ConclusionsAmong UK‐based, Punjabi‐Sikh men, clashing religious and cultural norms give rise to internal conflict about drinking. Stigmatisation of mental health issues and lack of knowledge of available support leads to reduced help seeking. Respondents believed an evidence‐informed alcohol reduction app could be useful, but were concerned about accessibility within the wider community and wanted an element of human support. The potential for a combination of digital and face‐to‐face support should be explored.
Pre‐treatment high‐sensitivity troponin T for the short‐term prediction of cardiac outcomes in patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Petricciuolo Serena , Delle Donne Maria Grazia , Aimo Alberto , Chella Antonio , De Caterina Raffaele 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an emerging option for several advanced metastatic cancers, but may have cardiotoxic effects. The prognostic value of high‐sensitivity troponin T (hs‐TnT) before treatment start has never been investigated.Materials and methodsThirty consecutive patients underwent measurement of hs‐TnT before starting ICI therapy (pembrolizumab, 23%; nivolumab, 12%; atezolizumab, 6%; durvalumab, 5%). The primary endpoint of cardiovascular death, stroke or transient ischaemic attack, pulmonary embolism and new‐onset heart failure, and the secondary endpoint of progression of cardiac involvement according to the CARDIOTOX classification were evaluated after 3 months from the first cycle.ResultsPatients (median age 68 years, 77% men, 13% with coronary artery disease, 90% current or former smokers, 67% overweight or obese and 43% hypertensive) had a median hs‐TnT of 12 ng/L (interquartile interval 8‐23). The primary endpoint occurred only in patients with hs‐TnT ≥ 14 ng/L at baseline. Therefore, only patients who had hs‐TnT ≥ 14 ng/L before the first cycle died had a stroke/TIA or new‐onset HF. Furthermore, nine out of 13 patients with the secondary endpoint (progression of cardiac disease) had hs‐TnT ≥ 14 ng/L before the first cycle (P = .012). AUC values were 0.909 for the primary endpoint and 0.757 for the secondary endpoint. The best cut‐off was 14 ng/L for both the primary (100% sensitivity, 73% specificity) and secondary endpoints (sensitivity 75%, specificity 77%).ConclusionsIn patients on ICIs, baseline hs‐TnT predicts a composite cardiovascular endpoint and the progression of cardiac involvement at 3 months, with 14 ng/L as the best cut‐off.
Rehabilitation of a patient with mini‐implants after avulsion of the upper incisors: A 13‐year follow up
Authors: Giannetti Luca , Apponi Roberto , Murri Dello Diago Alberto , Mintrone Francesco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTreatment following avulsion of a tooth in the growing patient requires a complex multidisciplinary therapeutic approach for the clinical team. The literature offers different therapeutic solutions following the avulsion of one or more teeth, but unfortunately all of them have negative repercussions on the patients' life quality, they involve long treatment plans, they are not always feasible, and they have limits. Alternatively, a new treatment concept that uses mini‐implants can be considered and is presented with its rationale, clinical steps and 13 years of follow up of one case.
Genetic structuring across alternative life‐history tactics and small spatial scales in brown trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Rodger Jessica R. , Honkanen Hannele M. , Bradley Caroline R. , Boylan Patrick , Prodöhl Paulo A. , Adams Colin E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFacultative migration occurs when, in response to prevailing conditions, individuals in a population may (or may not) undertake a migration. The brown trout (Salmo trutta) is a species that exhibits facultative migration, where some individuals within populations may move to mainstem rivers (fluvial–adfluvial migration), lakes (lacustrine–adfluvial migration), estuaries (partial anadromy) or sea (anadromy) to feed, while others remain resident. This study attempts to separate two alternative hypotheses for the population structuring that underpins the expression of facultative migration in this species: (a) that anadromous and nonanadromous fish comprise two gene pools; (b) that individual genetic variation or individual variation in gene–environment interactions is responsible for the expression of different life‐history tactics within the same gene pool. The study design involved sampling and analyses of anadromous and nonanadromous brown trout from three independent tributary rivers known to produce (sea‐run) trout within the same catchment. Results indicate that, in all cases, population genetic divergence was linked to geographical location and not to life‐history tactics. Two genetically distinct coexisting population pairs were identified in two separate tributaries. Despite similar environmental conditions in both tributaries, the frequency of each life‐history tactic (anadromy vs. nonanadromous) within these population pairs differed significantly. The results of this study support the hypothesis that facultative migration in brown trout is likely to be driven by a quantitative threshold trait, where the threshold value varies both among populations and among individuals within populations.
Hemodynamic modeling of long‐term aspirin effects on blood oxygenated level dependent responses at 7 Tesla in patients at cardiovascular risk
Authors: Do Cao‐Tri , Manjaly Zina‐Mary , Heinzle Jakob , Schöbi Dario , Kasper Lars , Pruessmann Klaas P. , Stephan Klaas Enno , Frässle Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAspirin is considered a potential confound for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. This is because aspirin affects the synthesis of prostaglandin, a vasoactive mediator centrally involved in neurovascular coupling, a process underlying blood oxygenated level dependent (BOLD) responses. Aspirin‐induced changes in BOLD signal are a potential confound for fMRI studies of at‐risk individuals or patients (e.g. with cardiovascular conditions or stroke) who receive low‐dose aspirin prophylactically and are compared to healthy controls without aspirin. To examine the severity of this potential confound, we combined high field (7 Tesla) MRI during a simple hand movement task with a biophysically informed hemodynamic model. We compared elderly individuals receiving aspirin for primary or secondary prophylactic purposes versus age‐matched volunteers without aspirin medication, testing for putative differences in BOLD responses. Specifically, we fitted hemodynamic models to BOLD responses from 14 regions activated by the task and examined whether model parameter estimates were significantly altered by aspirin. While our analyses indicate that hemodynamics differed across regions, consistent with the known regional variability of BOLD responses, we neither found a significant main effect of aspirin (i.e., an average effect across brain regions) nor an expected drug × region interaction. While our sample size is not sufficiently large to rule out small‐to‐medium global effects of aspirin, we had adequate statistical power for detecting the expected interaction. Altogether, our analysis suggests that patients with cardiovascular risk receiving low‐dose aspirin for primary or secondary prophylactic purposes do not show strongly altered BOLD signals when compared to healthy controls without aspirin.