bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleation and stabilization of Eocene dolomite in evaporative lacustrine deposits from central Tibetan plateau
Authors: Wen Yixiong , Sánchez‐Román Mónica , Li Yalin , Wang Chengshan , Han Zhongpeng , Zhang Laiming , Gao Yuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn past decades, the formation of dolomite at low temperature has been widely studied in both natural systems and cultured experiments, yet the mechanism(s) involved in the nucleation and precipitation of dolomite remains unresolved. Late Eocene dolomitic deposits from core in the upper Niubao Formation (Lunpola Basin, central Tibetan Plateau, China) are selected as a case study to understand the dolomitization process(es) in the geological record. Dolomite formation in Lunpola Basin can be ascribed to a different mechanism forming the large quantities of replacive dolostones in the geological record; and provides a potential fossil analogue for primary dolomite precipitation at low temperature. This analogue consists of an alternation of laminated dolomitic beds, organic‐rich and siliciclastic layers; formed in response to intense evaporation interpreted to take place in a continental shallow lake environment. Mineralogical, textural and stable isotopic evaluations suggest that the dolomite from those dense‐clotted laminated beds is a primary precipitate. At the nanoscale, these dolomitic beds are composed of Ca–Mg carbonate globular nanocrystals (diameter 80 to 100 nm) embedded in an organic matrix and attached to clay flakes. Micro‐infrared spectroscopy analyses have revealed the presence of aliphatic compounds in the organic matrix. Microscopic and elemental compositional studies suggest that clay surfaces may facilitate the nucleation of dolomite at low temperature in the same way as the organic matrix does. The dolomite laminae show values for δ18OVPDB from −3.2 to −1.76‰ and for δ13CVPDB from −2.62 to −3.78‰. Inferred δ18OSMOW values of the lake water reveal typical evaporitic hydrological conditions. These findings provide a potential link to primary dolomite formation in ancient and modern sedimentary environments; and shed new light on the palaeoenvironmental conditions in central Tibet during the Eocene.
Substantial reduction in child stunting is differentially associated to geographical and socioeconomic disparities in Misiones Province, Argentina
Authors: Nuñez Pablo A. , Fernández María Soledad , Turjanski Pablo , Pérez Adriana , Rivero María Romina , De Angelo Carlos , Salomón Oscar D. , Cueto Gerardo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate trends in the prevalence of child stunting in the population of children under 5 years of age covered by public health programmes, between 2009 and 2014 in Misiones, Argentina.MethodsUsing Bayesian model‐based geostatistics, we evaluated 724 872 anthropometric measurements corresponding to 110 633 children. In order to identify disparities at local scale, we evaluated the hypotheses of a differential reduction of stunting according to the geographical location (at two‐level spatial resolution) and to the socioeconomic level in a rural or urban environment.ResultsThe prevalence of stunting had fallen significantly in the province overall. Sex and age defined gender disparities at individual level, and there were regional disparities with higher prevalence values in the north and northeast regions. In these areas, stunting decreased to a greater degree during the studied period, although the spatial pattern remained smoother. Stunting increased in peripheral urban and dispersed rural areas that are socioeconomically vulnerable.ConclusionsThe spatial multi‐level geostatistical estimates of child undernutrition provide a precision public health tool to target public policies to those populations with the greatest need, in order to reduce health disparities.
A randomized controlled trial of a tablet‐based intervention to address predonation fears among high school donors
Authors: France Christopher R. , France Janis L. , Kowalsky Jennifer M. , Conatser Robert , Duffy Louisa , Barnofsky Natalie , Kessler Debra , Shaz Beth 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUNDPrior studies have shown donation‐related fear to be associated with decreased donor confidence and an increased risk for vasovagal reactions. This study examined the effects of a predonation intervention that provided fearful donors with suggestions for coping.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSUsing a tablet‐based application, high school donors (49.4% female) answered a question regarding their fear of having blood drawn. Those who reported fear were randomly assigned to either a control (n = 930) or an intervention (n = 911) group. Donors in the control group rated their confidence in dealing with their fear and then donated as usual. Donors in the intervention group received a brief audiovisual presentation on coping strategies, rated their confidence, and then donated as usual.RESULTSA higher proportion of fearful versus nonfearful donors experienced a vasovagal reaction, even after controlling for other demographic and health predictors (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.655‐3.185, p < 0.001). Fearful donors who received the intervention reported greater confidence than controls, but the proportion of vasovagal reactions did not differ significantly between the intervention (6.1%) and control (6.8%) groups.CONCLUSIONAlthough the current tablet‐based intervention may have some psychological benefit in that it was associated with greater donor confidence, the observed effect was small and did not translate into a lower risk for vasovagal reactions. However, greater confidence among young donors may lead to an increased willingness to donate again—a potential outcome that we will revisit among these donors as part of a planned 2‐year follow‐up.
Association between anaemia and adult depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Lee Yong-Jae , Kim Hong-Bae 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundSeveral observational studies have been conducted to investigate the link between anaemia and adult depression but have shown inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate this association.MethodsA comprehensive search of four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library) was conducted to identify relevant papers published up to November 2019 for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of selected studies. A random-effects model was used to draw metaestimates of the relationship between anaemia and adult depression.ResultsA total of 9706 papers were retrieved, and 14 observational epidemiological studies (9 case–control studies and 5 prospective cohort studies) comprising 10 764 cases of depression were finally included in this meta-analysis. The mean age of the participants ranged from 38.4 to 75.0 years. A significant association was identified between low haemoglobin levels and adult depression (OR or relative risk 1.43; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.65). Subgroup analyses according to study design, mean age, diagnostic criteria of anaemia, geographical region, number of participants, methodological quality and adjustment for various confounding factors such as education, smoking, comorbid disorders, physical activity, alcohol intake and medication use showed similar results.ConclusionsThe current study showed that anaemia was related to an increased risk of adult depression. One of the important limitations of our study was a moderate degree of heterogeneity due to the variety of assessment tools used to identify depression and the existence of publication bias. Another limitation of this meta-analysis was the lack of prospective cohort studies.
Heart rate variability and recovery following maximal exercise in endurance athletes and physically active individuals
Authors: Bentley Robert F. , Vecchiarelli Emily , Banks Laura , Gonçalves Patric E.O. , Thomas Scott G. , Goodman Jack M. 
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine potential adverse cardiac effects of chronic endurance training by comparing sympathovagal modulation via heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate recovery (HRR) in middle-aged endurance athletes (EA) and physically active individuals (PA) following maximal exercise. Thirty-six (age, 53 ± 5 years) EA and 19 (age, 56 ± 5 years) PA were recruited to complete a 2-week exercise diary and graded exercise to exhaustion. Time domain and power spectral HRV analyses were completed on recorded R-R intervals. EA had a greater HRR slope following exercise (95% confidence interval, 0.0134–0.0138 vs. 0.0101–0.0104 beats/s; p < 0.001). While EA had greater HRR at 1–5 min after exercise (all p < 0.01), PA and EA did not differ when expressed as a percentage of baseline heart rate (130 ± 19 vs. 139 ± 19; p = 0.2). Root mean square of successive differences in R-R intervals (rest and immediately after exercise) were elevated in EA (p < 0.05). Low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) spectral components were nonsignificantly elevated after exercise (p = 0.045–0.147) in EA while LF/HF was not different (p = 0.529–0.986). This data suggests greater HRR in EA may arise in part due to a lower resting HR. While nonsignificant elevations in HF and LF in EA produces a LF/HF similar to PA, absolute spectral component modulation differed. These observations require further exploration. Novelty Acute effects of exercise on HRV in EA compared with a relevant control group, PA, are unknown. EA had greater HRR and nonsignificant elevations in LF and HF compared with PA, yet LF/HF was not different. Future work should explore the implications of this observation.
Nokia’s Comeback — Is it Revival of an Iconic Brand?
Authors: Zaidi Neha , Tyagi Pallavi , Singh Animesh 
Published: April 2020

The case highlights how once a market leader went from glory to decline because of its averseness to change in the dynamic competitive environment. It also emphasises the importance of innovation, flexibility and constant upgradation for sustainability. It talks about constant improvement upon one’s core competencies. The case restates the ideas and theories of Dr. C.K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel that core competencies are not permanent and stagnant, and they need to be acquired, refined, developed and evolved to sustain the competitive advantage. The case further highlights the dynamic nature of the market, and how various forces both internal (to the organisation) and external may overthrow the throne of seemingly big players and how the small players can give them a run for the share. The case can be analyzed through various strategic management frameworks such as PESTEL analysis, TOWS analysis and Porter’s Five Forces Model.
Structure and stratigraphy in the Pennsylvanian tectonic zone of southern New Brunswick, Canada: the ‘Maritime coastal disturbance’ revisited
Authors: Park Adrian F. , Hinds Steven J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Identified as the ‘Variscan Front’ 40 years ago, the Pennsylvanian tectonic zone of southern New Brunswick has presented structural and stratigraphic challenges for the last century. In 1986, R. Damian Nance presented an integrated tectonostratigraphic analysis which suggested that the zone represented a transpressive flower structure controlling both deposition of Pennsylvanian sedimentary formations and their subsequent deformation, a consequence of Meguma terrane docking and subsequent adjustment. The strength of this model is demonstrated through the integration of recent field studies and more recent geochronology, which refines the details and expands the scale of the flower structures. Current understanding suggests that three large transpressive structures developed diachronously, and the southern tectonic zone is linked with strike-slip faults to the north (especially the Kennebecasis Fault) via the Spruce Lake Shear Zone. The early history of this zone coincides with a change from deposition of locally sourced continental red beds (lower Pennsylvanian or youngest Mississippian Balls Lake Formation) to more distally sourced fluvial deposits (lower Pennsylvanian Lancaster and Tynemouth Creek formations). Rather than being an isolated segment of a late Pennsylvanian ‘Variscan front’, this tectonic zone can be integrated into the overall strike-slip regime that dominated the Carboniferous evolution of this orogen and the successor basins.
Double Filtration Plasmapheresis in the Treatment of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis with Severe Kidney Dysfunction
Authors: Cheng Lu , Tang Yue-Qiu , Yi Jing , Ren Qian , Yang Xiao-Yan , Gou Shen-Ju , Zhang Ling , Fu Ping 
Published: April 2020

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been recommended by guidelines for the treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis (AAV) with severe kidney dysfunction. In recent years, some researchers have proposed that double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) can also be used effectively in the treatment of these patients, but the difference between the 2 modalities of plasmapheresis is not clear. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this retrospective cohort study of AAV patients with serum creatinine ≥500 μmol/L from March 2013 to July 2018 who received TPE or DFPP treatment, we compared TPE and DFPP in terms of the changes of clinical parameters before and after plasmapheresis, the rates of adverse events during plasmapheresis, and kidney and patient survival during follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Forty-two AAV patients with kidney injury were included in this study. Twenty patients were treated with TPE and 22 patients were treated with DFPP. All patients were followed up for a median of 22 months. In each group, there were 10 deaths, and 6 patients developed end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). There were no significant differences between TPE and DFPP in terms of the changes of renal function or other laboratory results after treatment. During the plasmapheresis treatment, there was no significant difference in the rate of adverse events (<i>p</i> = 0.67). During the follow-up, there was no difference between the groups regarding the level of serum creatinine for patients with kidney recovery. The hazard ratio (HR) for TPE compared to DFPP for the outcome of ESKD was 0.92 (95% CI 0.45–1.9; <i>p</i> = 0.79) and the HR for death was 1.11 (95% CI 0.45–2.76; <i>p</i> = 0.82). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> There were no differences in short-term effectiveness, safety, or long-term outcomes between the 2 modalities of plasmapheresis. Our study suggests that DFPP may be a choice of plasmapheresis for AAV patients with severe kidney injury especially in countries and regions with limited blood resources.
Active Surveillance of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry for Defibrillator Lead Failures
Authors: Resnic Frederic S. , Majithia Arjun , Dhruva Sanket S. , Ssemaganda Henry , Robbins Susan , Marinac-Dabic Danica , Hewitt Kathleen , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Reynolds Matthew R. , Matheny Michael E. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Several defibrillator leads have been recalled due to early lead failure leading to significant patient harm. Confirming the safety of contemporary defibrillator leads is essential to optimizing treatment for patients receiving implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). We therefore sought to assess the comparative long-term safety of the 4 most commonly implanted ICD leads within the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ICD Registry.

Methods and Results:
A propensity-matched survival analysis of the ICD Registry was performed evaluating 4 contemporary ICD leads in patients receiving an ICD system for the first time. All patients in the ICD Registry aged ≥18 years who underwent an implant of an ICD between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2016 were included. Monitoring of safety began with ICD implant and continued up to 5 years. A meaningful difference in ICD failure rate was defined as twice (or more) the lead failure rate observed in the propensity-matched comparator patients. Among the 374 132 patients who received a new ICD implant, no safety alerts were triggered for the primary safety end point of lead failure for any of the high energy leads studied. Estimated rates of freedom from lead failure at 5 years ranged from 97.7% to 98.9% for the 4 high-energy leads of interest.

Conclusions:
Though limited by incomplete long-term outcomes ascertainment, active surveillance of the ICD Registry suggests that there were no meaningful differences in the rate of ICD high-energy lead survival for the 4 most commonly used high-energy ICD leads.
Body Composition in Young Adults Living With a Fontan Circulation: The Myopenic Profile
Authors: Tran Derek , D'Ambrosio Paolo , Verrall Charlotte E. , Attard Chantal , Briody Julie , D'Souza Mario , Fiatarone Singh Maria , Ayer Julian , d'Udekem Yves , Twigg Stephen , Davis Glen M. , Celermajer David S. , Cordina Rachael 
Published: April 2020

Background
We sought to characterize body composition abnormalities in young patients living with a Fontan circulation and explore potential pathophysiologic associations.

Methods and Results

Twenty‐eight patients with a Fontan circulation were prospectively recruited in this cross‐sectional study. Participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, echocardiography, and biochemical assessment. Mean age was 26±7 years. Skeletal muscle mass, estimated by appendicular lean mass index Z score, was reduced compared with reference data (−1.49±1.10,
P
<0.001). Percentage body fat Z score overall was within normal range (0.23±1.26,
P
=0.35), although 46% had elevated adiposity. Those with reduced skeletal muscle mass (
appendicular lean mass index
Z score of −1 or lower) had lower percent predicted oxygen pulse (55±15 versus 76±16%,
P
=0.002). Overall agreement between body mass index and
dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry
to assess adiposity was fair only (weighted [linear] κ coefficient: 0.53; 95%
CI
, 0.34–0.73) and slight in the setting of muscle mass deficiency (weighted κ coefficient: 0.32; 95%
CI
, 0.13–0.50). Appendicular lean mass was independently associated with absolute peak
VO
2
(β=70.6
mL
/min,
P
=0.001). A
ppendicular lean mass index
Z score was inversely associated with hemoglobin (
r
=−0.4,
P
=0.04), and the degree of muscle deficit was associated with ventricular systolic impairment.

Conclusions
Young patients with a Fontan circulation have a body composition characterized by reduced skeletal muscle mass, which is associated with peak exercise capacity. Increased adiposity is common despite a normal body mass index. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with systolic dysfunction and compensatory erythrocytosis.
Clinical Consensus Statement: Ankyloglossia in Children
Authors: Messner Anna H. , Walsh Jonathan , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Schwartz Seth R. , Ishman Stacey L. , Baldassari Cristina , Brietzke Scott E. , Darrow David H. , Goldstein Nira , Levi Jessica , Meyer Anna K. , Parikh Sanjay , Simons Jeffrey P. , Wohl Daniel L. , Lambie Erin , Satterfield Lisa 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo identify and seek consensus on issues and controversies related to ankyloglossia and upper lip tie in children by using established methodology for American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery clinical consensus statements.MethodsAn expert panel of pediatric otolaryngologists was assembled with nominated representatives of otolaryngology organizations. The target population was children aged 0 to 18 years, including breastfeeding infants. A modified Delphi method was used to distill expert opinion into clinical statements that met a standardized definition of consensus, per established methodology published by the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.ResultsAfter 3 iterative Delphi method surveys of 89 total statements, 41 met the predefined criteria for consensus, 17 were near consensus, and 28 did not reach consensus. The clinical statements were grouped into several categories for the purposes of presentation and discussion: ankyloglossia (general), buccal tie, ankyloglossia and sleep apnea, ankyloglossia and breastfeeding, frenotomy indications and informed consent, frenotomy procedure, ankyloglossia in older children, and maxillary labial frenulum.ConclusionThis expert panel reached consensus on several statements that clarify the diagnosis, management, and treatment of ankyloglossia in children 0 to 18 years of age. Lack of consensus on other statements likely reflects knowledge gaps and lack of evidence regarding the diagnosis, management, and treatment of ankyloglossia. Expert panel consensus may provide helpful information for otolaryngologists treating patients with ankyloglossia.
Additional Benefits of Facial Nerve Monitoring during Otologic Surgery
Authors: Casano Kelsey , Giangrosso Gerard , Mankekar Gauri , Sevy Alexander , Mehta Rahul , Arriaga Moises 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThis study assesses the role of facial nerve monitoring (FNM) for intraoperative decision making during otologic surgery and possible benefits beyond protecting facial nerve integrity.Study DesignThis prospective study examines intraoperative FNM data and structured interviews collected during 52 otologic procedures.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsSubjects include adults and children undergoing middle ear or mastoid surgery. Data include intraoperative neuromonitoring activity and structured interviews conducted with the operating surgeon immediately following surgery.ResultsFacial nerve stimulation was used to confirm the position of the nerve in 42 of 52 surgical procedures. In 26.9% of cases, the patient became “light” and moved under anesthesia, which was predicted by neuromonitoring 71.4% of the time. Through structured interviews, the operating surgeons reported the following. (1) The facial nerve took an unexpected anatomic course in 7.8% of patients and was difficult to identify in 39.2%. (2) The nerve was at increased risk of injury in 66.7% of cases due to chronic disease or previous surgery. (3) Among these high‐risk cases, the monitor helped reduce the risk of nerve damage 100% of the time. (4) Neuromonitoring allowed the surgeon to operate faster 86.5% of the time, and (5) FNM allowed the resident to perform more of the operation 68.9% of the time. No patients experienced postoperative facial weakness.ConclusionsBeyond potentially protecting facial nerve integrity, this study identified additional benefits of FNM, including warning of patient movement during anesthesia, confirming facial nerve anatomic location, reducing operative time, and enhancing resident surgical experience.