bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of infectious diseases in patients with autoimmune blistering diseases
Authors: Ujiie Inkin , Ujiie Hideyuki , Yoshimoto Norihiro , Iwata Hiroaki , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA long‐term immunosuppressive treatment can provoke latent infections. Autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBD) are mostly treated with systemic immunosuppressive agents. To prevent the reactivation or exacerbation of existing latent infections, patients must be screened for infectious diseases before immunosuppressive treatments are initiated. However, the prevalence of infectious diseases in AIBD remains to be elucidated. To evaluate the necessity of screening infectious diseases in AIBD, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 215 patients at a single center with AIBD for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Treponema pallidum, human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) and HIV infections. Approximately 40% of patients were infected with HBV. During systemic corticosteroid treatment, HBV DNA became positive in 3.4% of cases. Antibodies to HCV, interferon‐γ release assays for M. tuberculosis and the T. pallidum latex agglutination test were positive in 0.6%, 6.6% and 1.2% cases, respectively. Neither HTLV‐1 nor HIV infections were detected. In conclusion, checks for HBV and M. tuberculosis infections should be made before immunosuppressive treatments are started, because of the high prevalence of these potentially life‐threatening infections. Other infections should be tested for depending on the patient’s risk factors.
High contrast yellow mosaic patterns are prey attractants for orb‐weaving spiders
Authors: Peng Po , Stuart‐Fox Devi , Chen Szu‐Wei , Tan Eunice J. , Kuo Guan‐Lin , Blamires Sean J. , Tso I‐Min , Elgar Mark A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Many animals improve their foraging success by producing signals that exploit the sensory biases of potential prey, but the specific properties that make these sensory traps effective remain unclear.

We combine field experiments with phylogenetic comparative analyses to investigate the visual luring properties of different signal designs in web‐building spiders. Our field experiments used cardboard spider models to examine the effects of area of colour patches, colour and pattern on the foraging success of the colourful giant wood spider, Nephila pilipes. These experiments revealed that both the colour (yellow) and pattern (yellow and black mosaic) are essential for luring prey in a high ambient light environment.

We subsequently used phylogenetic comparative analyses to demonstrate an evolutionary association between prey viewing environment and spider ventral signal among 63 species of orb‐weavers from 53 genera.

Combined, our data show that (a) the colour of the bright body parts of orb‐weavers is essential for both diurnal and nocturnal prey attraction, whereas the pattern and area of colour patches are important for diurnal foraging and (b) the evolution of these visual lures is associated with the viewing environment, specifically ambient light intensity.

We conclude that the effectiveness of colour luring might be a major driver of the convergent evolution of yellow mosaic patterns in phylogenetically divergent orb‐weavers.

Our discoveries indicate that prey colour preferences and signal efficacy play a significant role in the evolution of visually mediated prey‐luring systems.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Enhancing imaging of the Sub‐Andean Foothills geology using magnetotellurics: A case history of a 3D survey in southern Bolivia
Authors: Pezzoli Mauro , Lazaro Evanz , Cuevas Nestor , Burga Sergio 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTA magnetotelluric acquisition and modelling campaign, comprising 400 full tensor soundings, was carried out in the Sub‐Andean Foothills in the area located south of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. The objective of the survey was to improve the imaging of the Paleozoic section and provide insight to the overall structure of the Devonian Silurian complex. The acquired data were inverted assuming both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional dimensionality of the subsurface structure, adopting a multi‐step iterative workflow, which began applying unconstrained inversion and introduced increasing constraints determined at each following step based on the interpretation of the latest inversion results. The geological interpretation of the final inversion results allowed to better image the expected complexity in the structures, particularly highlighting several different levels of detachment, mainly in the area of Kirusillas Formation. Furthermore, an oblique sense was identified of the main tendency of N‐S deformation, related to a dextral transgressional movement that generates discrete dislocations, at a length scale of the order of a few kilometres.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 suppresses the growth of thyroid cancer cells through by induction of apoptosis
Authors: Yang Yan , Zhang Chen , Li Shu , Liu Jialun , Qin Yiyu , Ge Anxing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundTissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI‐2) has been recently identified as a tumor suppressor gene in several human cancers, whereas its role in thyroid cancer has been unclear.MethodsThe TFPI‐2 protein level in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines (8305C and B‐CPAP) were examined using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. The TFPI‐2 promoter methylation was examined using methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Lentivirus containing TFPI‐2 cDNA (Lenti‐TFPI‐2) was constructed to elevate TFPI‐2 expression in 8305C and B‐CPAP cells. The effects of Lenti‐TFPI‐2 on cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo were evaluated by MTT assay and mouse xenograft model. Annexin V/PI double staining assay was performed to detect the effect of Lenti‐TFPI‐2 on cell apoptosis.ResultsTFPI‐2 protein level were decreased in cancer tissues and lymph node metastasis, and TFPI‐2 protein level is positively associated with survival time. The promoter of TFPI‐2 is hypermethylated in cancer tissues. TFPI‐2 mRNA and protein levels were abundant in normal human thyroid follicular cell line Nthy‐ori 3‐1 cells, whereas they were decreased in 8305C and B‐CPAP cells. pcDNA‐TFPI‐2 elevated TFPI‐2 mRNA and protein in 8305C and B‐CPAP cells. TFPI‐2 overexpression suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of 8305C and B‐CPAP cells.ConclusionsTFPI‐2 inactivation may play a role in thyroid cancer tumorigenesis and development. TFPI‐2 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation through induction of cell apoptosis, suggesting that TFPI‐2 may serve as a novel and effective target for thyroid cancer therapy.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the anti‐CD38 cytolytic antibody TAK‐079 in healthy subjects
Authors: Fedyk Eric R. , Zhao Lin , Koch Annelize , Smithson Glennda , Estevam Jose , Chen Grace , Lahu Gezim , Roepcke Stefan , Lin Jianchang , Mclean Lachy 
Published: February 2020

AimsThis investigation characterised tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the anti‐CD38 antibody TAK‐079.MethodsA randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of a single intravenous (i.v.) infusion or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of TAK‐079 at escalating doses in healthy subjects (n = 74), who were followed for 92 days postexposure.ResultsTAK‐079 was well tolerated. All adverse events were mild or moderate. There were no withdrawals, infusion, or injection site reactions over the tested i.v. and s.c. doses up to 0.06 and 0.6 mg kg−1, respectively. At higher doses, transient cytokine level increases, following i.v. administration, coincided with reduction in CD38‐expressing cells; clinical symptoms included mild pyrexia, headache, and postural hypotension. Following an i.v. infusion of 0.06 mg kg−1 TAK‐079, maximum observed serum concentration (Cmax) was 100.4 (%CV: 52) ng mL−1, time to Cmax was the end of infusion and natural killer (NK_ cells were reduced 93.8 (±8.5) % from baseline levels. Following a s.c. injection of 0.6 mg kg−1 TAK‐079, Cmax was 23.0 (%CV: 67) ng mL−1 with time to Cmax of 24 (range 7.98–96.02) hours, and plasmablasts were subsequently reduced 93.4 (±8.8) % from predose levels. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgA and IgG levels were reduced by 15–60% and had not returned to baseline levels within 78 days after administration at ≥0.3 mg kg−1 s.c. Reductions in NK cells at 0.6 mg kg−1 s.c. were approximately 2–3 times more durable than at 0.06 mg kg−1 i.v.ConclusionsTAK‐079 was well tolerated and s.c. administration elicited more durable reductions in plasmablasts and NK cells. This plasmacytolytic profile could be useful for treating disorders caused by plasma or NK cells, malignant counterparts, and/or pathogenic antibodies.
Fostering highly engaged knowledge building communities in socioemotional and sociocognitive hybrid learning spaces
Authors: Hod Yotam , Katz Shir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith the aim of understanding sociocognitive and socioemotional hybridity in learning spaces, we examined a semester‐long learning community where students were given the freedom to advance their epistemological and social agendas across face‐to‐face and online settings. We collected and analyzed 1,780 online notes written by students throughout the semester and coded them based on their sociocognitive or socioemotional values. We then examined the conversation chains that students engaged in vis‐a‐vis their developments as a group. In addition to showing how the group developmental stages served as a macro‐level context for the socioemotional and sociocognitive spaces, the analysis highlighted how deep, rapid, community knowledge building conversations spontaneously emerged in relation to the timing of socioemotional developments. This study elucidates an important dimension of hybrid spaces, emphasizing the need to design activities to support both sociocognitive and socioemotional spaces in technology‐enhanced learning communities.
Prospects for incorporation of epigenetic biomarkers in human health and environmental risk assessment of chemicals
Authors: Jeremias Guilherme , Gonçalves Fernando J. M. , Pereira Joana L. , Asselman Jana 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTEpigenetic mechanisms have gained relevance in human health and environmental studies, due to their pivotal role in disease, gene × environment interactions and adaptation to environmental change and/or contamination. Epigenetic mechanisms are highly responsive to external stimuli and a wide range of chemicals has been shown to determine specific epigenetic patterns in several organisms. Furthermore, the mitotic/meiotic inheritance of such epigenetic marks as well as the resulting changes in gene expression and cell/organismal phenotypes has now been demonstrated. Therefore, epigenetic signatures are interesting candidates for linking environmental exposures to disease as well as informing on past exposures to stressors. Accordingly, epigenetic biomarkers could be useful tools in both prospective and retrospective risk assessment but epigenetic endpoints are currently not yet incorporated into risk assessments. Achieving a better understanding on this apparent impasse, as well as identifying routes to promote the application of epigenetic biomarkers within environmental risk assessment frameworks are the objectives of this review. We first compile evidence from human health studies supporting the use of epigenetic exposure‐associated changes as reliable biomarkers of exposure. Then, specifically focusing on environmental science, we examine the potential and challenges of developing epigenetic biomarkers for environmental fields, and discuss useful organisms and appropriate sequencing techniques to foster their development in this context. Finally, we discuss the practical incorporation of epigenetic biomarkers in the environmental risk assessment of chemicals, highlighting critical data gaps and making key recommendations for future research within a regulatory context.
Validity of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire to identify young children with gross motor difficulties who require physiotherapy assessment
Authors: Fauls John R , Thompson Bronwyn L , Johnston Leanne M 
Published: February 2020

AimTo determine if the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition Gross Motor domain (ASQ‐3‐GM) score is predictive of motor performance on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and/or Neurological, Sensory, Motor, Developmental Assessment (NSMDA).MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study involving analysis of a 1‐year consecutive clinical sample of data obtained from children attending a specialist public outpatient service. Participants were 84 children aged 0 to 5 years (mean age 24.9mo, SD 18.4mo; 50 males, 34 females) referred for physiotherapy assessment of gross motor skills in a tertiary child development service. Parents completed the ASQ‐3 questionnaire and children were assessed using the AIMS (if aged 0–18mo) and/or NSMDA (all children). To determine possible relationships between ASQ‐3‐GM scores with AIMS and NSMDA scores, we calculated Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. To determine validity of the ASQ‐3‐GM ‘refer for further assessment’ (‘refer’) cut‐off score to identify gross motor difficulties we calculated frequency distributions and crosstab analyses.ResultsASQ‐3‐GM scores correlated with AIMS centile rank (r=0.697, p<0.001) and NSMDA motor performance classification (r=–0.548, p<0.001). The ASQ‐3‐GM ‘refer’ cut‐off had 77% sensitivity, 91% specificity, and 95% positive predictive value (PPV) to identify children that scored ≤10th centile on the AIMS and 57% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and 97% PPV to identify children with at least minimal dysfunction on the NSMDA.InterpretationThe ASQ‐3‐GM ‘refer’ cut‐off score is a valid predictor of gross motor difficulties in young children.What this paper adds

The Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition Gross Motor domain (ASQ‐3‐GM) score is valid to identify gross motor difficulties in young children.

The ASQ‐3‐GM ‘refer’ cut‐off had 95% positive predictive value (PPV) for children that scored ≤10th centile on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale.

The ASQ‐3‐GM ‘refer’ cut‐off had 97% PPV for at least minimal dysfunction on the Neurological, Sensory, Motor, Developmental Assessment.
Psychosocial adjustment of young offspring in the context of parental type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Landi G. , Andreozzi M. S. , Pakenham K. I. , Grandi S. , Tossani E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo identify all available research on psychosocial outcomes in young people who have a parent with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.MethodsEmbase, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and ProQuest Social Sciences databases were searched according to a registered study protocol (PROSPERO CRD42019125301). Quality assessment, data extraction and data synthesis were carried out.ResultsThe initial search yielded 11 599 articles, 10 of which met the criteria for this review: six for type 1 diabetes and four for type 2 diabetes. Through thematic analysis, five categories emerged related to offspring psychosocial adjustment: offspring mental health, offspring physical health, offspring personal resources, parental illness characteristics and offspring caregiving. Overall, there were few studies focusing solely on the effects of parental type 1 and type 2 diabetes on young people. From the limited available research, there is weak evidence suggesting both parental types of diabetes can adversely impact young offspring. Illness‐related variables were only explored in parental type 1 diabetes studies, while offspring caregiving was only examined in parental type 2 diabetes studies.ConclusionsResearch on the effects of parental diabetes on young people is scarce; however, there was weak evidence to suggest some young people are at risk of adverse psychosocial impacts. Given the rise in the incidence of diabetes globally, there is a pressing public health need to conduct more rigorously designed studies to ascertain the extent to which young people are at risk of mental and physical health problems and to identify risk and protective factors associated with youth adjustment in the context of parental diabetes.
Effect of brief social contact video compared with expert information video in changing knowledge and attitude towards psychosis patients among medical students
Authors: Tsoi Ottilia Y. Y. , Chan Sherry K. W. , Chui Aretha H. C. , Hui Christy L. M. , Chang Wing C. , Lee Edwin H. M. , Henderson Claire , Chen Eric Y. H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveDirect contact interventions are known to reduce stigma. Effects of both filmed and direct social contact were found similar in reducing stigma. This study aims to understand the effect of video intervention, especially the effects between patient‐sharing video and expert information video, among the medical students.MethodsSeventy‐two medical students were recruited from two consecutive clinical study periods. Students from one period were in the patient‐sharing group, watching a 7‐minute patient‐sharing video. The others were in expert information group watching a 5‐minute psychosis video. Subject's desire of social distance (Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale) knowledge (the Social Contact Intended Learning Outcome) attitude towards mental illness (Clinicians Attitudes Scales version 4) and emotional reactions (the Emotional Reactions to Mental illness Scales) were measured. Assessments were done at baseline, immediately after video watching and at 1 to 2 weeks follow‐up. Within‐group ANOVA was used to assess the difference between time points. Group by time effect was explored.ResultsSignificant improvement in knowledge level was found with a significant group by time effect (F = 6.261, P = .004) for PS group and was maintained at follow‐up. Post‐intervention attitude was significantly improved in PS group but not maintained. Only social distance was improved significantly in EX group (F = 8.093, P = 0.003). Both groups had a significant reduction in fear sub‐score.ConclusionThis study provided evidence on the effect of patient‐sharing video in improving the attitude and knowledge of medical students. Expert information video about psychosis can improve social proximity. Combining these approaches may improve stigma and knowledge among medical students.
Cultural competency in dietetic diabetes care—A qualitative study of the dietician’s perspective
Authors: Jager Mirjam , den Boeft Andrea , Leij‐Halfwerk Susanne , van der Sande Rob , van den Muijsenbergh Maria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes type 2 is more prevalent in ethnic minorities in the Netherlands, and outcomes of health care in general are worse compared to other Dutch patients. The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of dieticians and the knowledge, skills and attitudes they consider to be important for effective dietetic care in migrant patients.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were held with 12 dieticians, of various ages, ethnic backgrounds and experience. The interview guide was based on Seeleman's cultural competence model and the Dutch dietetic consultation model. Interviews were transcribed, coded and thematically analysed, revealing 7 main themes.ResultsDieticians were uncertain whether their care fulfilled their migrant patients’ needs. They experienced language differences as a major barrier for retrieving information and tailoring advice to the patient's needs. Furthermore, dieticians feel they lack cultural knowledge. An open and respectful attitude was considered important for effective care. The communication barrier hindered building a trusting relationship; however, few dieticians mentioned a need for communication training. They expressed a need for cultural competence training, specifically to acquire cultural knowledge.ConclusionDieticians struggle with providing dietetic care for migrant diabetes patients due to communication barriers and difficulty in building a trusting relationship. They are conscious of their lack of cultural knowledge, and acknowledge the need for an open and respectful attitude and essential communication skills in order to collect and convey information. They seem unaware of the impact of low (health) literacy. Cultural competence training is needed for effective dietetic care for migrants.
Factors contributing to the decline of an endangered flightless longhorn beetle: A 20‐year study
Authors: Baur Bruno , Coray Armin , Lenzin Heiner , Schmera Dénes 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
World‐wide decreases of insect abundance and diversity are of major concern because of their importance for ecosystem functioning and the stability of ecosystems. Various studies reported dramatic declines of butterflies, wild bees and beetles in agricultural areas. Yet, evidence for decreasing abundance in cryptic insect species is scarce.
Using a transect‐count technique, we monitored the relative population size of the endangered flightless grassland longhorn beetle Iberodorcardion fuliginator in 13 dry, semi‐natural grassland sites in the border region of Switzerland, France, and Germany at yearly intervals over 20 years (1999–2018). To disentangle potential causes for changes in I. fuliginator abundance over time, we recorded quantitatively the plant communities in all sites in 2004 and 2017 and changes in other habitat characteristics.
We found that the overall abundance of I. fuliginator individuals decreased by 90% over 20 years: at one site the population went extinct, at five sites the populations were critically decreasing, at four sites the populations were decreasing and at only three sites population size remained stable.
Linear models revealed that the factor ‘change in plant species composition’ is the main driver for the decrease in beetle abundance. Alternative models indicated that – in addition to vegetation changes – area of suitable habitat and low heat load affected the probability of decreasing population size.
Our study shows that gradual habitat deterioration measured as reduction in grass cover and change in plant species composition negatively affect the abundance of the highly specialised beetle I. fuliginator.
Admission sodium levels and hospital outcomes
Authors: Chi Cecilia , Patel Shivani , Cheung N. Wah 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have found an increase in mortality among patients with worsening degrees of hyponatraemia. There is limited evidence on the impact of dysnatraemia on outcomes such as length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.AimsTo investigate the relationship between admission sodium levels at a quaternary referral hospital and outcomes, including mortality, LOS and admission to ICU.MethodsAll patients admitted to hospital over a period of 1 year who had a blood sodium level measured on admission were included. Admission sodium levels and related blood results were obtained. Data linkage was performed. Analyses for associations between admission sodium level and primary hospital outcomes (in‐hospital mortality) and secondary hospital outcomes (LOS and admission to ICU) were performed.Case notes of patients with severe hyponatraemia were also reviewed, with a focus on the use of hypertonic saline.ResultsA total of 6447 patient admissions had an admission blood sodium level performed. Mean age was 55.8 ± 20.8 years. 49.3% were male. Serum sodium ranged from 110 mmol/L to 175 mmol/L.The primary outcome of in‐hospital mortality occurred in 190 patients. An abnormal sodium level (Na <135 mmol/L or >145 mmol/L) was an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality, and an independent predictor of the combined outcome of in‐hospital mortality and admission to ICU.Hypertonic saline was infrequently used in patients with severe hyponatraemia. Its use did not worsen outcomes.ConclusionsAn abnormal serum sodium level is a strong marker of poor outcome in acute hospital illness.