bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on flash-boiling spray structure of multi-hole gasoline direct injection injector in a constant volume chamber
Authors: Wu Jian , Du Jiakun , Chen Hong , Li Yuhuai , Zhan Wenfeng , Wu Guangquan , Ye Lin 
Published: July 2020

The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of flash-boiling spray were experimentally investigated with various optical measurement techniques. The effects of ambient pressure and fuel temperature on flash-boiling characteristics in multi-hole gasoline direct injection injector were analyzed. The analysis was focused on the spray structure and atomization droplet size distributions. In order to increase the understanding of the flash-boiling spray targeting, three injectors with different spray patterns were investigated under strong flash-boiling condition. The results show that ambient pressure and fuel temperature have significant influence on flash boiling. Both lower ambient pressure and higher fuel temperature could accelerate the flash-boiling process. For the macroscopic characteristics, similar influences could be found with the ambient pressure decreased by 0.4 bar and the fuel temperature increased by 10°C. Further, significant difference could be found within cold-jet spray and strong flash-boiling spray, such as the spatial structure. The spray structure always turns from hollow cone into solid when flash boiling occurs. With a higher fuel superheat degree, the spray droplet distribution moves toward smaller sizes and let the larger droplets reduce due to the promotion of atomization. For the strong flash-boiling spray, the Sauter mean diameter has decreased by 50% compared with cold-jet spray. There is a corresponding relationship between collapsed flash-boiling spray target and weighted geometric center of the injector. Spray collapse could be avoided by increasing the plume distance.
Baseline analysis of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides antigens as targets for a DIVA assay for use with a subunit vaccine for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
Authors: Lutta Harrison O. , Odongo David , Mather Arshad , Perez-Casal Jose , Potter Andrew , Gerdts Volker , Berberov Emil M. , Prysliak Tracy , Kyallo Martina , Kipronoh Alexander , Olum Moses , Pelle Roger , Naessens Jan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in cattle. A prototype subunit vaccine is being developed, however, there is currently no diagnostic test that can differentiate between infected cattle and those vaccinated with the prototype subunit vaccine. This study characterized Mmm proteins to identify potential antigens for use in differentiating infected from vaccinated animals.

Results
Ten Mmm antigens expressed as recombinant proteins were tested in an indirect ELISA using experimental sera from control groups, infected, and vaccinated animals. Data were imported into R software for analysis and drawing of the box and scatter plots while Cohen’s Kappa assessed the level of agreement between the Mmm antigens. Two vaccine antigens (MSC_0499 and MSC_0776) were superior in detecting antibodies in sera of animals vaccinated with the subunit vaccines while two non-vaccine antigens (MSC_0636 and LppB) detected antibodies in sera of infected animals showing all clinical stages of the disease. Sensitivity and specificity of above 87.5% were achieved when the MSC_0499 and MSC_0636 antigens were tested on sera from vaccinated and infected animals.

Conclusions
The MSC_0499 and MSC_0776 antigens were the most promising for detecting vaccinated animals, while MSC_0636 and LppB were the best targets to identify infected animals. Further testing of sera from vaccinated and infected animals collected at different time intervals in the field should help establish how useful a diagnostic test based on a cocktail of these proteins would be.
M-Sec facilitates intercellular transmission of HIV-1 through multiple mechanisms
Authors: Lotfi Sameh , Nasser Hesham , Noyori Osamu , Hiyoshi Masateru , Takeuchi Hiroaki , Koyanagi Yoshio , Suzu Shinya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
HIV-1 promotes the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) that connect distant cells, aiding cell-to-cell viral transmission between macrophages. Our recent study suggests that the cellular protein M-Sec plays a role in these processes. However, the timing, mechanism, and to what extent M-Sec contributes to HIV-1 transmission is not fully understood, and the lack of a cell line model that mimics macrophages has hindered in-depth analysis.

Results
We found that HIV-1 increased the number, length and thickness of TNTs in a manner dependent on its pathogenic protein Nef and M-Sec in U87 cells, as observed in macrophages. In addition, we found that M-Sec was required not only for TNT formation but also motility of U87 cells, both of which are beneficial for viral transmission. In fact, M-Sec knockdown in U87 cells led to a significantly delayed viral production in both cellular and extracellular fractions. This inhibition was observed for wild-type virus, but not for a mutant virus lacking Nef, which is known to promote not only TNT formation but also migration of infected macrophages.

Conclusions
By taking advantage of useful features of U87 cells, we provided evidence that M-Sec mediates a rapid and efficient cell–cell transmission of HIV-1 at an early phase of infection by enhancing both TNT formation and cell motility.
Dosimetric effects of adaptive prostate cancer radiotherapy in an MR-linac workflow
Authors: Mannerberg Annika , Persson Emilia , Jonsson Joakim , Gustafsson Christian Jamtheim , Gunnlaugsson Adalsteinn , Olsson Lars E. , Ceberg Sofie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The purpose was to evaluate the dosimetric effects in prostate cancer treatment caused by anatomical changes occurring during the time frame of adaptive replanning in a magnetic resonance linear accelerator (MR-linac) workflow.

Methods
Two MR images (MR1 and MR2) were acquired with 30 min apart for each of the 35 patients enrolled in this study. The clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were delineated based on MR1. Using a synthetic CT (sCT), ultra-hypofractionated VMAT treatment plans were created for MR1, with three different planning target volume (PTV) margins of 7 mm, 5 mm and 3 mm. The three treatment plans of MR1, were recalculated onto MR2 using its corresponding sCT. The dose distribution of MR2 represented delivered dose to the patient after 30 min of adaptive replanning, omitting motion correction before beam on. MR2 was registered to MR1, using deformable registration. Using the inverse deformation, the structures of MR1 was deformed to fit MR2 and anatomical changes were quantified. For dose distribution comparison the dose distribution of MR2 was warped to the geometry MR1.

Results
The mean center of mass vector offset for the CTV was 1.92 mm [0.13 – 9.79 mm]. Bladder volume increase ranged from 12.4 to 133.0% and rectum volume difference varied between −10.9 and 38.8%. Using the conventional 7 mm planning target volume (PTV) margin the dose reduction to the CTV was 1.1%. Corresponding values for 5 mm and 3 mm PTV margin were 2.0% and 4.2% respectively. The dose to the PTV and OARs also decreased from D1 to D2, for all PTV margins evaluated. Statistically significant difference was found for CTV Dmin between D1 and D2 for the 3 mm PTV margin (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
A target underdosage caused by anatomical changes occurring during the reported time frame for adaptive replanning MR-linac workflows was found. Volume changes in both bladder and rectum caused large prostate displacements. This indicates the importance of thorough position verification before treatment delivery and that the workflow needs to speed up before introducing margin reduction.
Finite element analysis of the initial stability of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis with three-screw fixation: posteromedial versus posterolateral home-run screw
Authors: Wang Sen , Yu Jian , Ma Xin , Zhao Dahang , Geng Xiang , Huang Jiazhang , Wang Xu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis (AAA) is a standard surgical method for the treatment of advanced traumatic ankle arthritis and has become more popular due to its advantages. To fix the tibiotalar joint, the use of three percutaneous screws is considered to have better mechanical stability than the use of two screws. However, it is sometimes difficult to insert three screws because they might block each other due to the small area of the tibiotalar joint surface and the large diameter of the screws; few articles illustrate how to insert three screws without the screws disturbing each other. The purpose of this study is to explore possible screw configurations of tripod fixation in arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis that avoid the collision of screws and yield better biomechanical performance.

Methods
We used the finite element method to examine the impact of different screw positions and orientations on the biomechanical characteristics of a three-dimensional (3D) ankle model. Maximum and average micromotion, pressure on the articular surface, and von Mises stress values of the tibia and the talus were used to evaluate the initial stability of the ankle.

Results
Five kinds of three-screw configurations were identified, and finite element analysis results suggested that configurations with the posteromedial home-run screw presented lower micromotion (maximum, 17.96 ± 7.49 μm versus 22.52 ± 12.8 μm; mean, 4.88 ± 1.89 μm versus 5.19 ± 1.92 μm) (especially configuration 3) and better screw distributions on the articular surface than those with the posterolateral home-run screw.

Conclusion
Screw configurations with the posteromedial home-run screw avoid collision and are more biomechanically stable than those with the posterolateral home-run screw. Thus, inserting the home-run screw through the posteromedial approach is recommended for clinical practice.
Profiling trial burden and patients’ attitudes to improve clinical research in epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Prodinger Christine , Diem Anja , Ude-Schoder Katherina , Piñón-Hofbauer Josefina , Kitzmueller Sophie , Bauer Johann W. , Laimer Martin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises inherited mechanobullous dermatoses with considerable morbidity and mortality. While current treatments are symptomatic, a growing number of innovative therapeutic compounds are evaluated in clinical trials. Clinical research in rare diseases like EB, however, faces many challenges, including sample size requirements and recruitment failures. The objective of this study was to determine attitudes of EB patients towards clinical research and trial participation as well as the assessment of contextual motivating and discouraging factors in an effort to support patient-centered RD trial designing.

Methods
A 53-items questionnaire was handed over to EB patients (of all types and ages) in contact with the EB House Austria, a designated national center of expertise for EB care. Main categories included level of interest in and personal knowledge about clinical studies, pros/cons for participation and extent of individual expenses considered acceptable for participation in a clinical study. Descriptive subgroup analysis was calculated with SPSS 20.0 and Microsoft Excel.

Results
Thirty-six individuals (mean age 25.7 years), diagnosed for recessive dystrophic EB (36.1%), EB simplex (33.4%), junctional EB (8.3%), dominant dystrophic EB (2.8%) and acral peeling syndrome (2.8%) participated. Motivation for participation in and the desire to increase personal knowledge about clinical trials were (outmost) high in 57.2 and 66.7%, respectively. Altruism was the major motivating factor, followed by hope that alleviation of the own symptoms can be achieved. The greatest hurdle was travel distance, followed by concerns about possible adverse reactions. Patients diagnosed for severe subgroups (RDEB, JEB) were more impaired by the extent of scheduled invasive investigations and possible adverse reactions of the study medication. Patients with generally milder EB forms and older patients were accepting more frequent outpatient study visits, blood takes, skin biopsies and inpatient admissions in association with trial participation.

Conclusions
This study provides additional indications to better determine and address attitudes towards clinical research among EB patients as well as guidance to improve clinical trial protocols for patient centricity.
Clinical features, treatment, and survival outcome of primary pulmonary NUT midline carcinoma
Authors: Xie Xiao-Hong , Wang Li-Qiang , Qin Yin-Yin , Lin Xin-Qing , Xie Zhan-Hong , Liu Ming , Zhang Jie-Xia , Ouyang Ming , Liu Jun , Gu Ying-Ying , Li Shi-Yue , Zhou Cheng-Zhi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
NUT midline carcinoma (NMC), a rare type of squamous cell carcinoma, is genetically characterised by NUT midline carcinoma family member 1 (NUTM1) gene rearrangement. NMC can arise from the lungs; however, there is no standard for the management of primary pulmonary NMC. This study aimed to confirm the clinical features and report the treatments, especially with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and outcomes of patients with primary pulmonary NMC.

Methods
A retrospective review of patients with primary pulmonary NMC was performed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2015 and December 2018. Clinical manifestations as well as radiographic and pathological findings were recorded. Whole-exome sequencing (WES), a predictor for ICI response, was used to determine the tumour mutational burden (TMB). Treatments, especially by immune checkpoint blockade, and patient survival were analysed.

Results
Seven patients with primary pulmonary mass (four men and three women) with a mean age of 42 years (range, 23–74) who were diagnosed with NMC according to NUT immunohistochemistry staining were included for analysis. One patient had a rare fusion of CHRM5-NUTM1 by tumour sequencing. A wide range of TMB (1.75–73.81 mutations/Mbp) was observed. The initial treatments included chemotherapy (5/7, 71.4%), surgery (1/7, 14.3%), and radiotherapy (1/7, 14.3%). Five patients (5/7, 71.4%) received ICIs (programmed cell death protein 1 [PD1]/programmed cell death ligand 1 [PDL1] monoclonal antibody) as second- or higher-line treatments. The median overall survival (OS) was 4.1 months (range, 1.5–26.7 months).

Conclusions
Patients with primary pulmonary NMC have a poor prognosis and chemotherapy is often preferred. Checkpoint immunotherapy is a good option as the second- or higher-line treatment. TMB seems to be not associated with OS.
Unexpected tracheal agenesis with prenatal diagnosis of aortic coarctation, lung hyperecogenicity and polyhydramnios: a case report
Authors: Perri Alessandro , Patti Maria Letizia , Sbordone Annamaria , Vento Giovanni , Luciano Rita 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTracheal agenesis (TA) is a rare disorder usually diagnosed prenatally when a congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is identified. We present a case of unexpected TA in a neonate without prenatal diagnosis of airway obstruction, with a difficult management at birth. Moreover, we discuss about differential diagnosis, classification and treatment issues.Case presentationA 2280 g female neonate was born at 35 week gestational age (GA) with prenatal diagnosis of aortic coarctation, polyhydramnios and diffuse hyperechogenicity of the right lung. At birth, the neonate had no audible cry, no air entry to the lungs, and hypotonia. Tracheal intubation was unsuccessful, and no visualization of the trachea was obtained when tracheostomy was attempted. Post-mortem examination showed tracheal agenesis associated with tracheoesophageal fistula and revealed no cardiologic malformations. Aortic coarctation had been suspected prenatally because of the first portion of the descendent thoracic aorta being compressed by a fibrous band connecting the proximal and distal tracheal branches. CHAOS had not developed due to the tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF).ConclusionsTA is not always diagnosed in the fetus and it may present unexpectedly making the neonate’s management at birth critical. An effective rescue temporary oxygenation may be obtained with mask ventilation or oesophageal intubation in those cases of TA associated with a TOF. We suggest to consider a fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when the association polyhydramnios/lung hyperechogenicity occurs, even in the absence of CHAOS or other malformations. Once a diagnosis is provided, the mother should be transferred to selected centres where an ex-utero intrapartum procedure (EXIT) can be attempted. Moreover, despite high mortality, different surgical management are described to improve survival.
Vaccination with transgenic Eimeria tenella expressing Eimeria maxima AMA1 and IMP1 confers partial protection against high-level E. maxima challenge in a broiler model of coccidiosis
Authors: Pastor-Fernández Iván , Kim Sungwon , Marugán-Hernández Virginia , Soutter Francesca , Tomley Fiona M. , Blake Damer P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPoultry coccidiosis is a parasitic enteric disease with a highly negative impact on chicken production. In-feed chemoprophylaxis remains the primary method of control, but the increasing ineffectiveness of anticoccidial drugs, and potential future restrictions on their use has encouraged the use of commercial live vaccines. Availability of such formulations is constrained by their production, which relies on the use of live chickens. Several experimental approaches have been taken to explore ways to reduce the complexity and cost of current anticoccidial vaccines including the use of live vectors expressing relevantEimeriaproteins. We and others have shown that vaccination with transgenicEimeria tenellaparasites expressingEimeria maximaApical Membrane Antigen-1 or Immune Mapped Protein-1 (EmAMA1 andEmIMP1) partially reduces parasite replication after challenge with a low dose ofE. maximaoocysts. In the present study, we have reassessed the efficacy of these experimental vaccines using commercial birds reared at high stocking densities and challenged with both low and high doses ofE. maximato evaluate how well they protect chickens against the negative impacts of disease on production parameters.MethodsPopulations ofE. tenellaparasites expressingEmAMA1 andEmIMP1 were obtained by nucleofection and propagated in chickens. Cobb500 broilers were immunised with increasing doses of transgenic oocysts and challenged two weeks later withE. maximato quantify the effect of vaccination on parasite replication, local IFN-γ and IL-10 responses (300 oocysts), as well as impacts on intestinal lesions and body weight gain (10,000 oocysts).ResultsVaccination of chickens withE. tenellaexpressingEmAMA1, or admixtures ofE. tenellaexpressingEmAMA1 orEmIMP1, was safe and induced partial protection against challenge as measured byE. maximareplication and severity of pathology. Higher levels of protection were observed when both antigens were delivered and was associated with a partial modification of local immune responses againstE. maxima, which we hypothesise resulted in more rapid immune recognition of the challenge parasites.ConclusionsThis study offers prospects for future development of multivalent anticoccidial vaccines for commercial chickens. Efforts should now be focused on the discovery of additional antigens for incorporation into such vaccines.
Autonomous replication sequences from the Amaranthus palmeri eccDNA replicon enable replication in yeast
Authors: Molin William T. , Yaguchi Allison , Blenner Mark , Saski Christopher A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
The objective of the research presented here was to determine whether autonomous replication sequences (ARS) discovered in the eccDNA replicon of glyphosate resistant Amaranthus palmeri enable self-replication in a yeast system.

Results
Sequence analysis of the eccDNA replicon revealed a region of sharp changes in A + T/G + C content with characteristic bending indicative of an autonomous replication sequence. Further sequence analysis revealed an extended autonomous replication sequence (EACS) in close proximity to multiple DNA unwinding element (DUE) sequences. This region of the eccDNA replicon enabled autonomous replication of an ARS-less yeast plasmid.
Internal consistency and correlation of the adverse childhood experiences, bully victimization, self-esteem, resilience, and social support scales in Nigerian children
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Oginni Olakunle , Arowolo Olaniyi , El Tantawi Maha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
We evaluated the internal consistencies and the correlation between measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), bully victimization, self-esteem, resilience, and social support in children/adolescents in Nigeria.

Results
The Cronbach’s alphas were 0.67 for the ACE Questionnaire; 0.79 for the victimization subscale of the Illinois Bully Scale; 0.60 for Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale; 0.81 for Connor–Davidson resilience scale; and 0.93 for multidimensional perceived social support scale. Social support was negatively correlated with ACE (r = − 0.21) and bully victimization (r = − 0.16) and was associated with higher self-esteem (r = − 0.29) and higher resilience (r = 0.15). Likewise, higher resilience was associated with fewer ACE (r = − 0.07), higher self-esteem (r = − 0.21), and higher bully victimization (r = 0.13). Higher self-esteem was associated with fewer ACE (r = 0.25) and lower bully victimization (r = 0.16), whereas bully victimization was positively correlated with ACE (r = 0.20). The correlations were all statistically significant.
Evidence Synthesis International (ESI): Position Statement
Authors: Gough David , Davies Phil , Jamtvedt Gro , Langlois Etienne , Littell Julia , Lotfi Tamara , Masset Edoardo , Merlin Tracy , Pullin Andrew S. , Ritskes-Hoitinga Merel , Røttingen John-Arne , Sena Emily , Stewart Ruth , Tovey David , White Howard , Yost Jennifer , Lund Hans , Grimshaw Jeremy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper is the initial Position Statement of Evidence Synthesis International, a new partnership of organizations that produce, support and use evidence synthesis around the world. The paper (i) argues for the importance of synthesis as a research exercise to clarify what is known from research evidence to inform policy, practice and personal decision making; (ii) discusses core issues for research synthesis such as the role of research evidence in decision making, the role of perspectives, participation and democracy in research and synthesis as a core component of evidence ecosystems; (iii) argues for 9 core principles for ESI on the nature and role of research synthesis; and (iv) lists the 5 main goals of ESI as a coordinating partnership for promoting and enabling the production and use of research synthesis.
Fourier expansions for higher-order Apostol–Genocchi, Apostol–Bernoulli and Apostol–Euler polynomials
Authors: Corcino Cristina B. , Corcino Roberto B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFourier expansions of higher-order Apostol–Genocchi and Apostol–Bernoulli polynomials are obtained using Laurent series and residues. The Fourier expansion of higher-order Apostol–Euler polynomials is obtained as a consequence.
A study of boundary value problem for generalized fractional differential inclusion via endpoint theory for weak contractions
Authors: Belmor Samiha , Jarad Fahd , Abdeljawad Thabet , Kılınç Gülsen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis note is concerned with establishing the existence of solutions to a fractional differential inclusion of a ψ-Caputo-type with a nonlocal integral boundary condition. Using the concept of the endpoint theorem for φ-weak contractive maps, we investigate the existence of solutions to the proposed problem. An example is provided at the end to clarify the theoretical result.