bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social cognition in cervical dystonia: phenotype and relationship to anxiety and depression
Authors: Ellement B. , Jasaui Y. , Kathol K. , Nosratmirshekarlou E. , Pringsheim T. , Sarna J. , Callahan B.L. , Martino D. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeAnxiety and depression are common disabling comorbidities in cervical dystonia (CD) and may predispose to social withdrawal and social cognitive impairments. The relationship between social cognition and depressive/anxiety symptoms in CD is under‐investigated.MethodsForty‐six CD patients (40 women; mean age ± SD, 55.57 ± 10.84 years) were administered the following social cognition battery: Affect Naming, Prosody Face and Pair Matching subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV and Wechsler Memory Scale IV (social perception), reality‐known and reality‐unknown false belief reasoning tasks (theory of mind), Empathy Quotient and Social Norms Questionnaire 22 (social behaviour), alongside the Benton Facial Recognition Task (non‐emotional facial discrimination). Alongside CD severity, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale measured depressive/anxiety comorbid diagnostic status and severity, and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale assessed social phobia. Social cognition tasks were standardized using published normative data and a cut‐off of z < −1.5 for impairment.ResultsMore than 90% of our CD patients performed normally on social perception and social behaviour tests. Performance on impaired belief reasoning (theory of mind) was impaired in 10 of 46 (21.74%); five of 46 (10.87%) were impaired on the Empathy Quotient. Better performance on the Affect Naming task was associated with comorbid anxiety (η2 = 0.09, medium‐to‐large effect size) and greater anxiety, depression and social phobia severity. Worse performance on the Empathy Quotient was associated with comorbid depression (η2 = 0.11, medium‐to‐large effect size) and greater depression severity. CD patients had significantly more difficulties with fearful face identification (P < 0.001).ConclusionsGreater social perception abilities in CD patients with more severe anxiety and depression suggest efficient modulation and self‐adaptation of social cognitive skills.
An unusual familial dementia associated with G131V PRNP mutation
Authors: Yetim E. , Gul T. , Basak A. N. , Saka E. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundGerstmann‐Struassler‐Scheinker disease is one of the familial prion diseases secondary to mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP). The clinical phenotype has a diverse spectrum and might show variation among cases with the same genotype. We report a patient with G131V mutation in the PRNP gene, who was initially considered to harbor familial Alzheimer’s disease, based on the family history, clinical presentation and imaging findings.MethodsA case with a G131V mutation in the PRNP gene is described, and the literature is reviewed.ResultsA 35‐year‐old man presented with personality changes, behavioral disturbances and cognitive complaints. A similar clinical phenotype was reported in the patient’s father, a paternal uncle and a paternal aunt. In conjunction with the observation of mild cerebral atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging and hypometabolism in bilateral temporal and parietal lobes on positron‐emission tomography studies, the diagnosis was initially considered as familial Alzheimer’s disease. However, whole‐exome sequencing of the index patient, confirmed with Sanger sequencing in his father and uncle, revealed the presence of a heterozygous G131V variant in the PRNP gene.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the third report of a G131V mutation in the PRNP gene in the literature. Although ataxia and extrapyramidal findings accompanied dementia in patients reported in the previous literature, the members of the family in the present case primarily reported cognitive impairment, underscoring the importance of genetic evaluation in familial early‐onset dementia patients, regardless of clinical and imaging features suggestive of alternative pathologies.
Drosophilaparasitoids (Hymenoptera) ofJapan
Authors: Kimura Masahito T. , Mitsui Hideyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTheDrosophilaparasitoid system is an excellent model for the study of biological and ecological interactions. In Japan, extensive studies have been carried out onDrosophilaparasitoids since the early 2000s. Here we provide up‐to‐date information on their diversity, distributions, host use and reproductive mode. Until now, 45 wasp species have been recorded. In addition, four genetically distinct groups (tentatively assigned as “races”) have been found inGanaspis brasiliensis(Figitidae). Most of them are larvo‐pupal parasitoids belonging to the families Figitidae and Braconidae, and some are pupal parasitoids of the families Pteromalidae and Diapriidae. A species of Encyrtidae was also recorded. Their major hosts are indicated with information on the host's breeding sites. ExceptGanaspis xanthopodaand two races ofG. brasiliensisthat are distributed both in tropical and temperate regions, they are divided into tropical and temperate species. The tropical species are mainly distributed in Southeast Asia, and their distributions in Japan are restricted to the Ryukyu islands, particularly Iriomote‐jima. The temperate species have been recorded from the main islands of Japan and surrounding islands but not from the Ryukyu islands, except two braconid species,Asobara japonicaandPhaenocarpasp. TK1. Some of the temperate species have also been recorded from Korea, China, Europe and/or North America. Among the 45 Japanese parasitoid species, at least seven are assumed to be thelytokous.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms in fibrosis
Authors: Dees Clara , Chakraborty Debomita , Distler Jörg H. W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe activation of fibroblasts is required for physiological tissue remodelling such as wound healing. However, when the regulatory mechanisms are disrupted and fibroblasts remain persistently activated, the progressive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins leads to tissue fibrosis, which results in dysfunction or even loss of function of the affected organ. Although fibrosis has been recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in modern societies, there are only few treatment options available that directly disrupt the release of extracellular matrix from fibroblasts. Intensive research in recent years, however, identified several pathways as core fibrotic mechanisms that are shared across different fibrotic diseases and organs. We discuss herein selection of those core pathways, especially downstream of the profibrotic TGF‐β pathway, which are druggable and which may be transferable from bench to bedside.
Adaptive dialogue management using intent clustering and fuzzy rules
Authors: Griol David , Callejas Zoraida , Molina Jose Manuel , Sanchis Araceli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConversational systems have become an element of everyday life for billions of users who use speech‐based interfaces to services, engage with personal digital assistants on smartphones, social media chatbots, or smart speakers. One of the most complex tasks in the development of these systems is to design the dialogue model, the logic that provided a user input selects the next answer. The dialogue model must also consider mechanisms to adapt the response of the system and the interaction style according to different groups and user profiles. Rule‐based systems are difficult to adapt to phenomena that were not taken into consideration at design‐time. However, many of the systems that are commercially available are based on rules, and so are the most widespread tools for the development of chatbots and speech interfaces. In this article, we present a proposal to: (a) automatically generate the dialogue rules from a dialogue corpus through the use of evolving algorithms, (b) adapt the rules according to the detected user intention. We have evaluated our proposal with several conversational systems of different application domains, from which our approach provided an efficient way for adapting a set of dialogue rules considering user utterance clusters.
Climate impacts on the landings of Indian oil sardine over the south‐eastern Arabian Sea
Authors: Hamza Faseela , Valsala Vinu , Mallissery Anju , George Grinson 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe landings of Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps, Clupeidae) along the south‐eastern Arabian Sea are about 43.8% of total Indian oil sardine production. The annual landings of this species exhibit large‐scale variability with prolonged years of surplus or deficit landings without identified reason. Evaluating Indian oil sardine landings along the Kerala coast during 1961–2017 in relation to environmental variations, we have elucidated a putative link between variability in landings versus environmental parameters and climate indices. The variables examined in this study, such as salinity and temperature along with physical indices such as upwelling and mixed layer depth (MLD) of the ocean help to propose a mechanism to temporal variability in the landings of Indian oil sardine. Colder temperature and timely intense upwelling lead to nutrient enrichment in the surface water, which promotes the growth of phytoplankton (chl‐a) and thereby food availability to Indian oil sardine are found during years with surplus catch. Less saline surface waters and shoaling of MLD at these times could lead to the aggregation of fish at particular depths and thereby a good catches. The reverse mechanism, such as more surface saline water, warm temperature, downwelling or weak upwelling, and less nutrient enrichment, leads to deficit landings. Further, it was noticed that the Pacific decadal oscillation and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation have a more pronounced impact on Indian oil sardine landings over the coast of south‐eastern Arabian Sea than previously reported ENSO associated impacts. All these point towards climate change implications for the Indian oil sardine fishery.
“Race was something we didn't talk about”: Racial Socialization in Asian American Families
Authors: Young Jennifer L. , Kim HaeDong , Golojuch Laura 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveOur goal was to explore racial socialization practices in Asian American families during a time of heightened racial tension.BackgroundAsian Americans hold a complex racial position in the United States, made even more complicated by an increase in public protests regarding socioracial injustices in the United States experienced by racial minority groups. Discussions about race and ethnicity occur within Asian American families but often focus on cultural heritage rather than awareness of discrimination and the historical roots of racism.MethodOur study used an inductive–deductive thematic analysis to collect data from 12 Asian American young adults. Semistructured interviews queried participants' experiences with racial socialization in their nuclear families and their own racial identity.FindingsQualitative analysis revealed the following themes: (a) Participants received limited messages regarding racial issues, (b) participants engaged in “bottom‐up” racial socialization and taught their parents about race, and (c) participants felt left out of society's racial dialogue.ConclusionDuring this time of heightened racial tension, Asian American young adults struggle to find their place, despite wanting to participate in community building.ImplicationsWithout strong Asian American racial socialization practices in families, young adults must educate themselves and initiate racial meaning‐making in their families.
Warming erodes individual‐level variability in life history responses to predation risk in larvae of the mayfly Cloeon dipterum
Authors: Šupina Jan , Bojková Jindřiška , Boukal David S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Warming and predation risk are ubiquitous environmental factors that can modify life histories and population dynamics of aquatic ectotherms. While separate responses to each of these factors are well understood, their joint effects on individual life histories and population dynamics remain largely unexplored. Current theory predicts that the magnitude of prey behavioural, physiological, and life history responses to predation risk should diminish with warming due to the reduced metabolic scope. However, empirical support for this prediction remains equivocal, and experiments covering a substantial proportion of individual prey ontogeny until maturation are lacking.

To fill these gaps, we ran a laboratory experiment to investigate how warming and non‐consumptive predation risk influence life history responses in the larvae of the mayfly Cloeon dipterum, an aquatic insect with highly plastic development. We reared larvae of varying initial sizes at three temperatures (21, 24, and 27°C) in a risk‐free environment and under predation risk signalled by chemical cues from dragonfly larvae (Aeshna cyanea), and followed their individual survival, growth, and development until emergence.

Some C. dipterum larvae substantially prolonged their development and the proportion of these slow individuals declined rapidly with temperature and increased with predation risk. We attribute this response to cohort splitting, a common life history strategy of aquatic insects and other taxa in unpredictable environment.

Growth, development, and maturation varied predictably with temperature in the fast larvae that did not prolong their development. They grew and developed faster but matured at smaller sizes with increasing temperature. Predation risk tended to slow down individual growth and development in line with the reduced metabolic scope hypothesis, but the differences were relatively minor and observable only at 21°C.

Survival to subimago increased with predation risk, possibly due to indirect effects mediated by dissolved micronutrients, but did not vary significantly with temperature. Survival also tended to be higher in the slow individuals. This partly compensated for a smaller final size relative to the fast individuals and made both strategies comparable in overall fitness.

Our results show that warming may erode individual‐level variability in life history responses to predation risk. This implies that warming can synchronise population dynamics and consequently make such populations more vulnerable to unpredictable disturbances.
Warming‐induced global soil carbon loss attenuated by downward carbon movement
Authors: Luo Zhongkui , Luo Yiqi , Wang Guocheng , Xia Jianyang , Peng Changhui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe fate of soil organic carbon (SOC) under warming is poorly understood, particularly across large extents and in the whole‐soil profile. Using a data‐model integration approach applied across the globe, we find that downward movement of SOC along the soil profile reduces SOC loss under warming. We predict that global SOC stocks (down to 2 m) will decline by 4% (~80 Pg) on average when SOC reaches the steady state under 2°C warming, assuming no changes in net primary productivity (NPP). To compensate such decline (i.e. maintain current SOC stocks), a 3% increase of NPP is required. Without the downward SOC movement, global SOC declines by 15%, while a 20% increase in NPP is needed to compensate that loss. This vital role of downward SOC movement in controlling whole‐soil profile SOC dynamics in response to warming is due to the protection afforded to downward‐moving SOC by depth, indicated by much longer residence times of SOC in deeper layers. Additionally, we find that this protection could not be counteracted by promoted decomposition due to the priming of downward‐moving new SOC from upper layers on native old SOC in deeper layers. This study provides the first estimation of whole‐soil SOC changes under warming and additional NPP required to compensate such changes across the globe, and reveals the vital role of downward movement of SOC in reducing SOC loss under global warming.
Comparative optimism about infection and recovery from COVID‐19; Implications for adherence with lockdown advice
Authors: Asimakopoulou Koula , Hoorens Vera , Speed Ewen , Coulson Neil S. , Antoniszczak Dominika , Collyer Fran , Deschrijver Eliane , Dubbin Leslie , Faulks Denise , Forsyth Rowena , Goltsi Vicky , Harsløf Ivan , Larsen Kristian , Manaras Irene , Olczak‐Kowalczyk Dorota , Willis Karen , Xenou Tatiana , Scambler Sasha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundComparative optimism, the belief that negative events are more likely to happen to others rather than to oneself, is well established in health risk research. It is unknown, however, whether comparative optimism also permeates people’s health expectations and potentially behaviour during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ObjectivesData were collected through an international survey (N = 6485) exploring people’s thoughts and psychosocial behaviours relating to COVID‐19. This paper reports UK data on comparative optimism. In particular, we examine the belief that negative events surrounding risk and recovery from COVID‐19 are perceived as more likely to happen to others rather than to oneself.MethodsUsing online snowball sampling through social media, anonymous UK survey data were collected from N = 645 adults during weeks 5‐8 of the UK COVID‐19 lockdown. The sample was normally distributed in terms of age and reflected the UK ethnic and disability profile.FindingsRespondents demonstrated comparative optimism where they believed that as compared to others of the same age and gender, they were unlikely to experience a range of controllable (eg accidentally infect/ be infected) and uncontrollable (eg need hospitalization/ intensive care treatment if infected) COVID‐19‐related risks in the short term (P < .001). They were comparatively pessimistic (ie thinking they were more at risk than others for developing COVID‐19‐related infection or symptoms) when thinking about the next year.DiscussionThis is one of the first ever studies to report compelling comparative biases in UK adults’ thinking about COVID‐19.
Remembering and forgetting: How France's slaving ports have come to terms with their past
Authors: Forrest Alan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the decades before the French Revolution, France's Atlantic ports grew rich on the profits of colonial trade with the Americas, not least through the triangular trade in slaves between France, West Africa and the Caribbean. But by the end of the century, that prosperity was threatened. The French Revolution, leading to the first abolition of the slave trade in 1794, was partly responsible; but so were long years of war and blockade; the loss of France's richest sugar island, Saint‐Domingue, to slave insurrection; and the growth of a new moral conscience which challenged the rights of Europeans to sacrifice the freedom of others for their own economic advantage. After 1815, the Atlantic ports were condemned to long years of economic decline, when merchants looked back nostalgically on a world they had lost. In this article, I examine how the revolutionary era left an uneasy memory of the slave trade and suggest how these cities have belatedly come to terms with their past as public memory has evolved to reflect the changing balance of French society.
Tectonic implications of carbonate deposits on the eastern slope of the Hahajima Seamount in the collision zone between the Izu–Bonin Arc on the Philippine Sea Plate and the Ogasawara Plateau on the Pacific Plate
Authors: Miyata Jun , Takayanagi Hideko , Ishigaki Akimasa , Hirano Naoto , Shiokawa Satoshi , Nishimura Akira , Nakazawa Tsutomu , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Nagaishi Kazuya , Tokuyama Hidekazu , Ishiwatari Akira , Iryu Yasufumi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Hahajima Seamount is located at the junction between the Izu–Bonin and Mariana forearc slopes in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Ogasawara Plateau on the Pacific Plate. Despite numerous previous studies, the origin of the Hahajima Seamount remains controversial. Here we constrain its origin based on sedimentological and chronological analyses of shallow‐water carbonates collected from the eastern slope of the seamount. The carbonates are dominated by floatstones with numerous mollusks. Gravel‐sized bioclasts include mollusks (e.g. nerineids and rudists) and local calcareous spines and minor amounts of corals. Sand‐sized components include bioclasts of benthic foraminifers and dasycladalean algae, and non‐skeletal grains of intraclasts and peloids, with no ooids. Most of the bioclasts are bioeroded and coated with micrite envelopes. The Sr isotope ages of the samples fell into two ranges: Berriasian or Aptian (140.3 Ma or 118.3–113.2 Ma, respectively) and Coniacian to Campanian (86.5–77.2 Ma). Shallow‐water carbonates on the Hahajima Seamount are similar in lithology and Sr isotope ages to those on the Ogasawara Plateau located to the east, on the opposite side of the Izu–Bonin Trench (i.e. on the Pacific Plate). This indicates that the shallow‐water carbonates on the eastern slope of the Hahajima Seamount were not deposited in situ, but instead originated from the Ogasawara Plateau. The eastern section of this seamount can thus be interpreted as an accretionary wedge.
Non‐breeding movements of Gentoo Penguins at the Falkland Islands
Authors: Baylis Alastair M. M. , Tierney Megan , Orben Rachael A. , González de la Peña Daniel , Brickle Paul 
Published: September 2020

Although many penguin species migrate during the non‐breeding period, Gentoo Penguins Pygoscelis papua are year‐round residents. Despite being characterized as inshore feeders, the at‐sea spatial usage of Gentoo Penguins during the non‐breeding period, when central place foraging constraints are relaxed, is poorly understood. Here, we tracked the movements of Gentoo Penguins from five breeding colonies at the Falkland Islands, globally one of the largest Gentoo Penguin breeding populations. Gentoo Penguin movement patterns during the non‐breeding period were complex, which likely reflects a high degree of foraging plasticity. Specifically, considerable individual variation existed in foraging trip distance, duration and fidelity to deployment location. For example, maximum foraging trip distance for individual penguins ranged from 64 to 600 km from the colony location (or 480 km from the nearest point on land), and maximum foraging trip duration ranged from 5.7 to 24.8 days. Gentoo Penguin foraging trip distance and duration at the Falkland Islands far exceeded those reported at other locations during the non‐breeding period, and challenge the inshore, diurnal feeding stereotype. Gentoo Penguins also frequently moved between breeding colonies within the Falkland Islands archipelago, but typically returned to their respective colonies, although not necessarily on consecutive foraging trips. Extended movements highlight Gentoo Penguin breeding dispersal capability, which might play a crucial role in population dynamics and gene flow.