bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new method for studying the halo effect in teachers' judgement and its antecedents: Bringing out the role of certainty
Authors: Sanrey Camille , Bressoux Pascal , Lima Laurent , Pansu Pascal 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIn academic contexts, teachers' judgements are central to instruction and have many consequences for students' self‐perceptions. Understanding the cognitive biases that may exist in teachers' judgements is thus of central importance.AimsThis paper presents two studies in which we aimed to investigate the presence of a halo effect in teachers' judgements (Study 1 and Study 2) and to clarify the conditions for the emergence of this halo effect by analysing the influence of judgement certainty (Study 2). A major contribution of these studies was to provide a new measure of the halo effect in order to achieve these goals.Sample(s)In the first study, 25 teachers and their 199 students were asked to complete the measures, while the second study sample was composed of 20 teachers and their 180 students.MethodTo analyse the presence of the halo effect in teachers' judgements in the two studies, scholastic achievement was measured using various standardized French language tests. Teachers were asked to indicate, for each of their students, whether they thought the student would answer correctly or incorrectly for each item on the standardized tests. In Study 2, to analyse the influence of judgement certainty, the teachers were asked to indicate after each item how certain they were about their response.Results and discussionThe results of both studies revealed the presence of a halo effect in teachers' judgements for each measure used (i.e., comparison of correlations, factorial analyses, and the new measure comparing variance scores), as the teachers' judgements were more homogeneous than the students’ actual achievement levels. Furthermore, using the new measure, the second study revealed that high judgement certainty resulted in a stronger halo effect.
Description of neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with 10 genetic neurodevelopmental disorders: A scoping review
Authors: Hanly Ciara , Shah Harshil , Au Ping Yee Billie , Murias Kara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a heterogeneous group of conditions including intellectual disability, global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Advances in genetic diagnostic technology have led to the identification of a number of NDD‐associated genes, but reports of cognitive and developmental outcomes in affected individuals have been variable. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesize available information pertaining to the developmental outcomes of individuals with pathogenic variants in ten emerging recurrent NDD‐associated genes identified from large scale sequencing studies; ADNP, ANKRD11, ARID1B, CHD2, CHD8, CTNNB1, DDX3X, DYRK1A, SCN2A, and SYNGAP1. After a comprehensive search, 260 articles were selected that reported on neurodevelopmental measures or diagnoses. We identify the spectrum of developmental outcomes for each genetic NDD, including prevalence of intellectual disability, frequency of co‐morbid NDDs such as ADHD and autism, and commonly reported medical issues that can help inform diagnosis and treatment. There are significant gaps in our understanding of the natural history of these conditions. Future research focusing on barriers to assessment, the development of modified assessment tools appropriate for long‐term outcomes in genetic NDD, and collection of longitudinal data will increase understanding of prognosis in these conditions and inform evaluations of treatment.
CBS and MAT2A improve methionine‐mediated DNA synthesis through SAMTOR/mTORC1/S6K1/CAD pathway during embryo implantation
Authors: Cai Shuang , Ye Qianhong , Zeng Xiangzhou , Yang Guangxin , Ye Changchuan , Chen Meixia , Yu Haitao , Wang Yuming , Wang Gang , Huang Shuo , Quan Shuang , Zeng Xiangfang , Qiao Shiyan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesEarly pregnancy loss is a major clinical concern in animal and human reproduction, which is largely influenced by embryo implantation. The importance of methionine for embryo implantation is widely neglected.Materials and methodsWe performed a series of experiments with primiparous rats fed diets containing different levels of methionine during early pregnancy to investigate the role of methionine in embryonic implantation and pregnancy outcomes, and used them to perform in vivo metabolic assessments and in vitro uterine explant culture. In addition, through transcriptome analysis and silencing the expression of cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS, the key enzyme in transsulfuration pathway) and cell adhesion assay, we measured signalling within Ishikawa, pTr and JAR cells.ResultsWe determined the relevance and underlying mechanism of methionine on embryo implantation. We showed that methionine deprivation sharply decreased embryo implantation sites, expression of CBS and transsulfuration pathway end products, which were reversed by maternal methionine supplementation during early pregnancy. Moreover, we found CBS improved methionine‐mediated cell proliferation and DNA synthesis by CBS inhibition or interference. In addition, transcriptome analysis also revealed that CBS influenced the signalling pathway‐associated cell proliferation and DNA synthesis, as well as a correlation between CBS and methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A), implying that MAT2A was possibly involved in cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. Further analysis revealed that MAT2A influenced S‐adenosylmethionine receptor SAMTOR expression, and SAMTOR activated mTORC1 and its downstream S6K1 and CAD, ultimately enhancing DNA synthesis in the embryo and uterus.ConclusionsTaken together, these studies demonstrate that CBS and MAT2A improve methionine‐mediated DNA synthesis through SAMTOR/mTORC1/S6K1/CAD pathway during embryo implantation.
Faunal responses to fire in Australian tropical savannas: Insights from field experiments and their lessons for conservation management
Authors: Andersen Alan N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimFire is particularly frequent, complex and contentious in the vast tropical savannas of northern Australia, where declines in many threatened species are associated with fire, and substantial areas are under fire management for greenhouse gas abatement. Controlled field experiments are crucial for understanding biodiversity responses, and here I present key insights into faunal responses to fire that have been revealed by them, along with their lessons for fire management.LocationAustralian monsoonal tropics.MethodsResults are synthesized from six replicated fire experiments that have been conducted in Australian savannas and include multispecies assessments of fauna. The synthesis also draws on other fire studies and is presented in the form of five key insights into faunal responses.ResultsThe key insights are as follows: (a) most faunal groups are extremely resilient to fire, with highly contrasting fire regimes often having little or no detectable impact on species abundances, at least in the medium term; (b) the most important effects of fire are typically indirect through habitat modification, even when there is substantial direct mortality; (c) fire intensity is not as important a factor as is widely thought; rather, fire frequency is particularly important; (d) there will always be winners and losers with any fire; and (e) fire is required for the maintenance of diversity.Main conclusionsThese insights have important implications for conservation management in Australian savannas: management needs to focus on fire‐induced changes to habitat suitability, and to consider faunal outcomes at the landscape scale; a combination of frequently (every 2–3 years) and less frequently (every ≥5 years) burned habitat may adequately conserve the great majority of animal species without a need for complex fire mosaics; special management attention is required for frequent‐fire losers because of an extremely low representation of longer‐unburnt habitat; and fire needs to be actively managed to promote diversity, not excluded. The insights are widely applicable to tropical grassy ecosystems more generally, and some appear to be universal to fire‐prone biomes.
Visit‐to‐visit variability of clinical risk markers in relation to long‐term complications in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Rotbain Curovic Viktor , Theilade Simone , Winther Signe Abitz , Tofte Nete , Tarnow Lise , Jorsal Anders , Parving Hans‐Henrik , Persson Frederik , Hansen Tine Willum , Rossing Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical characteristics such as HbA1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP), albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are important when treating type 1 diabetes. We investigated the variability in these measures as risk markers for micro‐ and macrovascular complications.MethodsThis prospective study included 1062 individuals with type 1 diabetes. Visit‐to‐visit variability of HbA1c, SBP, albuminuria and eGFR was calculated as the SD of the residuals in individual linear regression models using all available measures in a specified period of 3 years (VV). Endpoints included were as follows: cardiovascular events (CVE) defined as myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, or coronary or peripheral arterial intervention; end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) defined as eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m2, chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation; eGFR decline ≥30%; and mortality. Adjustment included age, sex, cholesterol, HbA1c, SBP, body mass index, smoking, albuminuria, eGFR, and mean, intercept, slope of respective exposure variables and regression models.ResultsSBP VV was significantly associated with CVE (adjusted hazard ratio per 50% increase, (CI 95%); p: 1.21 [1.05–1.39]; p = 0.008), ESKD (1.51 [1.16–1.96]; p = 0.002) and mortality (1.25 [1.09–1.44]; p = 0.002). HbA1c VV was significantly associated with mortality (1.51 [1.30–1.75]; p < 0.001); albuminuria VV with eGFR decline (1.14 [1.08–1.20]; p = 0.024) and ESKD (1.14 [1.02–1.27]; p < 0.001), but neither CVE nor mortality. Adjusted eGFR VV was not associated with endpoints.ConclusionIn type 1 diabetes, higher variability of basic clinical risk markers adds important risk stratification information for the development of micro‐ and macrovascular complications.
Spontaneous homeotic mutants and genetic control of floral organ identity in a ranunculid
Authors: Martínez‐Gómez Jesús , Galimba Kelsey D. , Coté Erin Y. , Sullivan Alessandra M. , Di Stilio Verónica S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe regulation of floral organ identity was investigated using a forward genetic approach in five floral homeotic mutants of Thalictrum, a noncore eudicot. We hypothesized that these mutants carry defects in the floral patterning genes. Mutant characterization comprised comparative floral morphology and organ identity gene expression at early and late developmental stages, followed by sequence analysis of coding and intronic regions to identify transcription factor binding sites and protein–protein interaction (PPI) motifs. Mutants exhibited altered expression of floral MADS‐box genes, which further informed the function of paralogs arising from gene duplications not found in reference model systems. The ensuing modified BCE models for the mutants supported instances of neofunctionalization (e.g., B‐class genes expressed ectopically in sepals), partial redundancy (E‐class), or subfunctionalization (C‐class) of paralogs. A lack of deleterious mutations in the coding regions of candidate floral MADS‐box genes suggested that cis‐regulatory or trans‐acting mutations are at play. Consistent with this hypothesis, double‐flower mutants had transposon insertions or showed signs of transposon activity in the regulatory intron of AGAMOUS (AG) orthologs. Single amino acid substitutions were also found, yet they did not fall on any of the identified DNA binding or PPI motifs. In conclusion, we present evidence suggesting that transposon activity and regulatory mutations in floral homeotic genes likely underlie the striking phenotypes of these Thalictrum floral homeotic mutants.
Oral health and healthy chewing for healthy cognitive ageing: A comprehensive narrative review
Authors: Lopez‐Chaichio Lucia , Padial‐Molina Miguel , O’Valle Francisco , Gil‐Montoya Jose Antonio , Catena Andres , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionAgeing leads to physiological cognitive decline that it is worsened in people with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Despite the ongoing search for a solution to this cognitive decline, no effective remedies have been established. It has been determined that modifiable external factors, such as oral health and occlusal function, prevent cognitive decline.ObjectiveTo analyse the primary interactions between occlusal function and cognitive functions.Main findingsMasticatory function is related to cognitive functions. In particular, current evidence, from both animal and human studies, suggests that the activation of masticatory muscles and proper mastication, with natural teeth or dental prosthesis, induces the release of several mediators and the activation of specific brain areas. Together, they result in higher neuronal activity, neurotrophic support, blood flow and the prevention of amyloid‐beta plaque formation. Thus, all the components of the masticatory system must work together in order to preserve cognitive function.ConclusionsAvailable evidence suggests that oral and cognitive health are more interconnected than previously thought. Therefore, maintenance and adequate restoration of the whole masticatory system are important for the prevention of cognitive decline. In summary, oral and chewing health lead to healthy cognitive ageing.
Reversion From Chronic Migraine to Episodic Migraine in Patients Treated With Fremanezumab: Post Hoc Analysis From HALO CM Study
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Cohen Joshua M. , Bibeau Kristen , Galic Maja , Seminerio Michael J. , Ramirez Campos Verena , Halker Singh Rashmi B. , Ailani Jessica 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundMigraine preventive medications are used to reduce headache frequency, severity, and duration. In patients with chronic migraine (CM), reversion to episodic migraine (EM) is an important treatment goal.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of fremanezumab on the rate of reversion from CM to EM.MethodsThis phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group trial included a 28‐day pretreatment period and a 3‐month treatment period. Patients with CM received subcutaneous fremanezumab quarterly (675 mg at baseline) or monthly (675 mg at baseline; 225 mg at Weeks 4 and 8), or placebo. Post hoc analyses evaluated the proportion of patients who reverted from CM to EM, defined as either a reduction to an average of <15 headache days per month during the 3‐month treatment period or a reduction to <15 headache days per month in all 3 months of the treatment period.ResultsThis analysis included data from 1088 CM patients (quarterly, n = 366; monthly, n = 365; placebo, n = 357). More fremanezumab‐treated patients with CM reverted to EM using either the monthly average number of headache days criteria for reversion (quarterly: 50.5% [185/366], P = .108; monthly: 53.7% [196/365], P = .012; vs placebo: 44.5% [159/357]) or the monthly headache day count at Months 1, 2, and 3 criteria for reversion (quarterly: 31.2% [114/366], P = .008; monthly: 33.7% [123/365], P = .001; vs placebo: 22.4% [80/357]). Patients with CM who reported previous topiramate or onabotulinumtoxinA use, concomitant preventive medication use, or medication overuse were less likely to revert to EM.ConclusionsFremanezumab may offer the benefit of reversion from CM to EM, based on a reduction in the number of headache days over 3 months of treatment.
Developing one corpus‐based grammar textbook about irregular multi‐verb sequences in English
Authors: Matsumoto Noriko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the development of a corpus‐based grammar textbook on four types of irregular multi‐verb sequences in English— V‐V, V‐and‐V, V‐to‐V, and V‐Ving. Since many current grammar textbooks have seldom treated these four types of irregular multi‐verb sequences, this article empirically demonstrates the need to develop corpus‐based grammar textbooks. Our framework to develop the corpus‐based grammar textbook adopted in this article relies on two things: a combination of corpora and descriptions of English grammar proposed by linguists working in the field of theoretical linguistics. The corpus‐based grammar textbook in this article is a pilot scheme that can be extended to other grammatical areas. This article thus claims that the development of corpus‐based grammar textbooks clearly makes a positive contribution to grammatical instruction.
Occurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation during pacing for sinus node disease: The influence of His bundle pacing versus managed ventricular pacing
Authors: Pastore Gianni , Marcantoni Lina , Lanza Daniela , Maines Massimiliano , Noventa Franco , Corbucci Giorgio , Rigatelli Gianluca , Baracca Enrico , Roncon Loris , Zanon Francesco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn patients with sinus node disease (SND), the dual‐chamber pacemaker (PM) is programmed in DDDR mode with an algorithm to avoid unnecessary right ventricular (RV) pacing. This pacing mode may prolong PR interval with consequently atrioventricular (AV) asynchrony which is associated with a higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). We evaluate whether preserving AV synchrony by setting a fixed AV delay during physiological RV pacing, that is, His bundle pacing (HBP), could reduce the risk of AF occurrence in comparison with a standard pacing mode with an algorithm to avoid unnecessary RV pacing (DDD‐VPA).Methods and ResultsWe collected retrospective data from 313 consecutive patients who had undergone PM for SND. The first occurrence of persistent AF (>7 consecutive days) as a function of the pacing mode was evaluated. HBP and DDD‐VPA were implemented in 82 and 231 patients, respectively. Persistent AF occurred in 128 (40.9%) patients over a median follow‐up of 70 months (67–105). The DDD‐VPA pacing mode was significantly correlated with the occurrence of persistent AF only when the basal PR was long (>180 ms). The risk of persistent AF was significantly lower in patients on HBP than in those on DDD‐VPA, adjusted HR = .57 (95% CI, .36– .89, p=.014). Other independent predictors of persistent AF occurrence were: A history of AF (HR = 3.91; 95% CI, 2.48–6.19, p = .001), age, and long PR interval (HR = 2.98; 95% CI, 2.00–4.43, p=.001).ConclusionIn SND patients and long basal PR interval, the HBP may reduce the risk of persistent AF in comparison with the DDD‐VPA.
Focal and pseudo/rotational activations in human atrial fibrillation defined with automated periodicity mapping
Authors: Nayyar Sachin , Ha Andrew C. T. , Timmerman Nicholas , Suszko Adrian , Ragot Don , Chauhan Vijay S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionDefining atrial fibrillation (AF) wave propagation is challenging unless local signal features are discrete or periodic. Periodic focal or rotational activity may identify AF drivers. Our objective was to characterize AF propagation at sites with periodic activation to evaluate the prevalence and relationship between focal and rotational activation.MethodsWe included 80 patients (61 ± 10 years, persistent AF 49%) from the FaST randomized trial that compared the efficacy of adjunctive focal site ablation versus pulmonary vein isolation. Patients underwent left atrial (LA) activation mapping with a 20‐pole circular catheter during spontaneous or induced AF. Five‐second bipolar and unipolar electrograms in AF were analyzed. Periodic sites were identified by spectral analysis of the bipolar electrogram. Activation maps of periodic sites were constructed using an automated, validated tracking algorithm, and classified into three patterns: focal sites (FS), rotation (RO), or pseudo‐rotation (pRO).ResultsThe most common propagation pattern at periodic sites was FS for 5‐s in all patients (4.9 ± 1.9 per patient). RO and pRO were observed in two and seven patients, respectively, but were all transient (3–5 cycles). Activation from a FS evolved into transient RO/pRO in five patients. No patient had autonomous RO/pRO activations. Patients with RO/pRO had greater LA surface area with periodicity (78 ± 7 vs. 63 ± 16%, p = .0002) and shorter LA periodicity CL (166 ± 10 vs. 190±28 ms, p = .0001) than the rest.ConclusionUsing automated, regional AF periodicity mapping, FS is more prevalent and temporally stable than RO/pRO. Most RO/pRO evolve from neighboring FS. These findings and their implications for AF maintenance require verification with global, panoramic mapping.
Multifactorial analysis of optical properties, sorption, and solubility of sculptable universal composites for enamel layering upon staining in colored beverages
Authors: Miletic Vesna , Stasic Jovana N. , Komlenic Vojislav , Petrovic Renata 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the effects of factors 'composite,' 'medium,' and 'time' on color, translucency, and sorption/solubility of sculptable universal composites for enamel layering upon immersion in colored beverages.Materials and methodsDisk‐shaped specimens, 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick (n = 5/group), of ultrafine, hybrid composite Essentia (GC), microhybrid Gaenial Anterior (GC), nanofilled Filtek Ultimate Enamel and Body ( 3M ESPE) were immersed in red wine, coffee, or distilled water for 15 days. CIELab color coordinates were measured and CIEDE2000 (∆E00) and Translucency Parameter differences (∆TP00) were calculated. Sorption and solubility were determined according to ISO 4049:2009. Data were analyzed using the analyses of variance and Tukey's post‐hoc test (α = 0.05).ResultsEssentia and Gaenial exhibited the lowest and the highest staining‐dependent color differences, with mean ∆E00 range of 1.7–6.1 and 5.1–11.3, respectively (p < 0.05). ∆TP00 was more pronounced in wine than in coffee (p < 0.05). Sorption and solubility varied between 9.8 and 15.3 μg/mm3 and −1.6 and −5.4 μg/mm3, respectively, with positive correlation between ∆TP00 and sorption (p = 0.005).ConclusionsTotal color and translucency differences of sculptable composites for enamel layering were material‐, time‐ and medium‐dependent. Translucency differences positively correlated with sorption. Overall, the ultrafine, hybrid composite exhibited the best results in terms of color stability, sorption and solubility.Clinical significanceClinicians should be aware of differences in color stability of sculptable composites for enamel layering as these are directly exposed to discoloration in the oral environment and are directly related to patients' long‐term satisfaction and restoration longevity. Ultrafine, hybrid composite may be preferred due to better color stability, lower sorption and solubility compared to nanofilled and microhybrid composites evaluated in this study.