bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of σ2 Receptor Ligands Based on a 3‐Alkoxyisoxazole Scaffold: Potential Antitumor Effects against Osteosarcoma
Authors: Shi Jun‐Jie , Jia Kun‐Hang , Sun Hao , Gunosewoyo Hendra , Yang Fan , Tang Jie , Luo Jian , Yu Li‐Fang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince its initial discovery as the basis for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands, the 3‐alkoxyisoxazole scaffold has been shown to be a versatile platform for the development of potent σ1 and σ2 receptor ligands. Herein we report a further SAR exploration of the 3‐alkoxyisoxazole scaffold with the aim of obtaining potent σ2 receptor ligands. Various substitutions on the benzene ring and at the basic amino regions resulted in a total of 21 compounds that were tested for their binding affinities for the σ2 receptor. In particular, compound 51 [(2S)‐1‐(4‐ammoniobutyl)‐2‐(((5‐((3,4‐dichlorophenoxy)methyl)isoxazol‐3‐yl)oxy)methyl)pyrrolidin‐1‐ium chloride] was identified as one of the most potent σ2 ligands within the series, with a Ki value of 7.9 nM. It demonstrated potent antiproliferative effects on both osteosarcoma cell lines 143B and MOS−J (IC50 values of 0.89 and 0.71 μM, respectively), relative to siramesine (IC50 values of 1.81 and 2.01 μM). Moreover, compound 51 inhibited clonal formation of osteosarcoma 143B cells at 1 μM, corresponding to half the dose required of siramesine for similar effects. The general cytotoxicity profile of compound 51 was assessed in a number of normal cell lines, including HaCaT, HAF, and LO2 cells. Furthermore, FACS analysis showed that compound 51 likely inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth by disruption of the cell cycle and promotion of apoptosis.
Further SAR on the (Phenylsulfonyl)piperazine Scaffold as Inhibitors of the Aedes aegypti Kir1 (AeKir) Channel and Larvicides
Authors: Aretz Christopher D. , Kharade Sujay V. , Chronister Keagan , Rusconi Trigueros Renata , Martinez Rodriguez Erick J. , Piermarini Peter M. , Denton Jerod S. , Hopkins Corey R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV), dengue fever (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) are arboviruses that are spread to humans from the bite of an infected adult female Aedes aegypti mosquito. As there are no effective vaccines or therapeutics for these diseases, the primary strategy for controlling the spread of these viruses is to prevent the mosquito from biting humans through the use of insecticides. Unfortunately, the commonly used classes of insecticides have seen a significant increase in resistance, thus complicating control efforts. Inhibiting the renal inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channel of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti has been shown to be a promising target for the development of novel mosquitocides. We have shown that Kir1 channels play key roles in mosquito diuresis, hemolymph potassium homeostasis, flight, and reproduction. Previous work from our laboratories identified a novel (phenylsulfonyl)piperazine scaffold as potent AeKir channel inhibitors with activity against both adult and larval mosquitoes. Herein, we report further SAR work around this scaffold and have identified additional compounds with improved in vitro potency and mosquito larvae toxicity.
Color corrected single scale retinex based haze removal and color correction for underwater images
Authors: A Bindhu , O. Uma Maheswari 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderwater images are affected by scattering of dust particles leading to hazy images. The difference in absorption of light at different wavelength leads to colorcast. Restoring underwater images from haze and colorcast degradation is a challenging task. This article proposes color corrected single scale retinex algorithm for the restoration of hazy and colorcast underwater images. Further, the illumination of the underwater image is enhanced through illumination enhancer. In order to correct colorcast, the underwater images intensity shifters are proposed. Blur, natural image quality evaluator, blind/referenceless image spatial quality evaluator, entropy, peak signal to noise ratio are the metrics used to evaluate the performance of the proposed restoration technique and compared the output with the existing techniques. Compared to the existing techniques the proposed algorithm prominently removes haze and colorcast present in underwater images. The study excludes retinex‐with‐reset models from consideration.
Customizing intelligent recommendation study with multiple advisors based on hierarchy structured fuzzy‐analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Wan Park Seong , Mesicek Libor , Shin Joohyun , Bae Kitae , An Kyungjin , Ko Hoon 
Published: September 2020

SummaryEvaluation information generated by various users is processed using various requirements and data to make recommendations for solving the problems, and it analyzes satisfaction with the results. Despite people normally utilizes the processed information for decision making, not all information, however, brings positive outcomes to users. There are some users who perceived it negatively. In order to minimize the occurrence of such negative effects, the analysis of various user requirements is essential as well as diversifying user inputs for each requirement. Consequently, the results from individual inputs must be predicted. In the past, since the system relies on a single‐expert system, it is necessary to accept and process various limitations of recommendation and multiple requirements. Therefore, the results of the recommendation also have various problems. In order to solve this problem, this study applied an analytic hierarchy process to multiadvisor configuration. In the proposed system, one or multiple advisors are defined, and after analyzing the predefined requirements, the system accepts only the requirements that can be processed and calculates the individual recommendation results. A recommendation system was going to be studied by learning all situation.
Borophene: Current Status, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hou Chuang , Tai Guoan , Wu Zenghui , Hao Jinqian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBorophenes (2D boron sheets) have triggered a surge of interest both theoretically and experimentally because of its distinct structural, optical and electronic properties for extensive potential applications. Although theoretical efforts have guided the research directions of borophene, only few synthetic borophene sheets have been demonstrated experimentally. Borophene sheets have been successfully synthesized experimentally on metal substrates until 2015. Afterwards, more efforts were put on the controlled synthesis of crystalline and semiconducting borophene sheets as well as on the investigation of their novel and fascinating physical properties. This report provides a brief review on theoretical and experimental progress in borophene research. Some typical structures and properties of borophenes have been reviewed. The focus is laid on summarizing the experimental synthesis of borophene in recent years, and on showing some ultrastable and semiconducting borophenes which have been applied in electronic information devices. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities regarding experimental realization and practical applications of borophenes are presented.
Enhanced Performance of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) Based on MoS2/Single‐Walled Carbon Nanohorns Electrochemically Deposited on Bilayer Counter Electrodes
Authors: Gurulakshmi Maddala , Meenakshamma Ambapuram , Susmitha Kalvapalli , Venkata Subbaiah Yerva Pedda , Mitty Raghavender 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh‐performance bilayer counter electrodes (BCEs) for dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications are gaining considerable attention. In this study, MoS2/single‐walled carbon nanohorn (SWCNHs) BCEs were fabricated by ultrasonic‐spray‐assisted electrochemical deposition. The BCEs exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity, confirmed through CV, Tafel plots, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies. The fabricated MoS2/SWCNH‐based DSSCs exhibited an impressive photovoltaic power conversion efficiency of 9.48 %, which is higher than the performance of cells with Pt‐containing CEs (8.64 %). The simple and reliable growth strategy for bilayer film CEs provides a new route for the preparation of cost‐effective and high‐performance catalytic BCEs for renewable energy applications involving Pt‐free DSSCs.
Nuclease Degradation Analysis of DNA Nanostructures Using Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Chandrasekaran Arun Richard , Halvorsen Ken 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCustom‐built DNA nanostructures are now used in applications such as biosensing, molecular computation, biomolecular analysis, and drug delivery. While the functionality and biocompatibility of DNA makes DNA nanostructures useful in such applications, the field faces a challenge in making biostable DNA nanostructures. Being a natural material, DNA is most suited for biological applications, but is also easily degraded by nucleases. Several methods have been employed to study the nuclease degradation rates and enhancement of nuclease resistance. This protocol describes the use of gel electrophoresis to analyze the extent of nuclease degradation of DNA nanostructures and to report degradation times, kinetics of nuclease digestion, and evaluation of biostability enhancement factors. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Timed analysis of nuclease degradation of DNA nanostructuresSupport Protocol: Calculating biostability enhancement factors
Efficacy of silicone soft reliner on the obturator prosthesis after maxillectomy for oral malignant tumors: A single‐arm prospective interventional study
Authors: Yanamoto Souichi , Soutome Sakiko , Murata Maho , Kawakita Akiko , Yamaguchi Erika , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Kurogi Tadafumi , Kuroshima Shinichiro , Murata Hiroshi , Sawase Takashi , Umeda Masahiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is insufficient evidence for the efficacy of silicone soft reliner on the obturator prosthesis after maxillectomy for oral malignant tumors.ObjectiveTo verify the efficacy of silicone soft reliner on the obturator prosthesis after maxillectomy, by evaluating masticatory performance and quality of life (QoL).MethodsThis was a single‐arm prospective interventional study, verifying the efficacy of silicone soft reliner (GC RELINE II®) on the maxillary obturator prosthesis. Data were obtained from a comparison of the endpoints after 14 days of continuous use of acrylic and silicone soft‐lined prostheses. The primary endpoint was masticatory performance. The secondary endpoints were occlusal performance and oral health‐related QoL (OHRQoL). The masticatory performance, occlusal performance, and OHRQoL were assessed by glucose concentration, maximum bite force, and the Japanese version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐J49), respectively.ResultsThis study included five patients (two males, three females), aged between 71 and 88 years, with a median of 74 years. The median of glucose concentration indicated a statistically significant improvement between the acrylic resin (99.6 mg/dL) and silicone soft reliner (126.0 mg/dL) obturator prosthesis (p = .043). There was no significant difference in the median of maximum bite force between the acrylic resin (302.0 N) and silicone soft reliner (250.0 N) obturator prosthesis (p = .893). Functional limitations domain of the OHIP‐J49 indicated a statistically significant improvement between the acrylic resin and silicone soft reliner obturator prosthesis (p = .043).ConclusionsThis study indicated that an obturator relined with soft silicone improved masticatory performance and the OHRQoL post‐maxillectomy.
Surface Modification of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Particles via Li3PO4 Coating to Enable Aqueous Electrode Processing
Authors: Hofmann Michael , Nagler Felix , Kapuschinski Martina , Guntow Uwe , Giffin Guinevere A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe successful implementation of an aqueous‐based electrode manufacturing process for nickel‐rich cathode active materials is challenging due to their high water sensitivity. In this work, the surface of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) was modified with a lithium phosphate coating to investigate its ability to protect the active material during electrode production. The results illustrate that the coating amount is crucial and a compromise has to be made between protection during electrode processing and sufficient electronic conductivity through the particle surface. Cells with water‐based electrodes containing NCA with an optimized amount of lithium phosphate had a slightly lower specific discharge capacity than cells with conventional N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone‐based electrodes. Nonetheless, the cells with optimized water‐based electrodes could compete in terms of cycle life.
Human Salmonella Typhi exposure generates differential multifunctional cross‐reactive T‐cell memory responses against Salmonella Paratyphi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella
Authors: Rapaka Rekha R , Wahid Rezwanul , Fresnay Stephanie , Booth Jayaum S , Darton Thomas C , Jones Claire , Waddington Claire S , Levine Myron M , Pollard Andrew J , Sztein Marcelo B 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThere are no vaccines for most of the major invasive Salmonella strains causing severe infection in humans. We evaluated the specificity of adaptive T memory cell responses generated after Salmonella Typhi exposure in humans against other major invasive Salmonella strains sharing capacity for dissemination.MethodsT memory cells from eleven volunteers who underwent controlled oral challenge with wt S. Typhi were characterised by flow cytometry for cross‐reactive cellular cytokine/chemokine effector responses or evidence of degranulation upon stimulation with autologous B‐lymphoblastoid cells infected with either S. Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A (PA), S. Paratyphi B (PB) or an invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella strain of the S. Typhimurium serovar (iNTSTy).ResultsBlood T‐cell effector memory (TEM) responses after exposure to S. Typhi in humans evolve late, peaking weeks after infection in most volunteers. Induced multifunctional CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ TEM cells elicited after S. Typhi challenge were cross‐reactive with PA, PB and iNTSTy. The magnitude of multifunctional CD4+ TEM cell responses to S. Typhi correlated with induction of cross‐reactive multifunctional CD8+ TEM cells against PA, PB and iNTSTy. Highly multifunctional subsets and T central memory and T effector memory cells that re‐express CD45 (TEMRA) demonstrated less heterologous T‐cell cross‐reactivity, and multifunctional Th17 elicited after S. Typhi challenge was not cross‐reactive against other invasive Salmonella.ConclusionGaps in cross‐reactive immune effector functions in human T‐cell memory compartments were highly dependent on invasive Salmonella strain, underscoring the importance of strain‐dependent vaccination in the design of T‐cell‐based vaccines for invasive Salmonella.
Relationship of glycaemic derangement using continuous glucose monitoring system with sleep pattern among children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Salah Nouran Y. , Abido Amal Y. , Rashed Hebatallah R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlycaemic derangement has been linked to sleep disruption. However, the impact of glycaemic derangement on sleep pattern among children with type 1 diabetes (C‐T1D) remains unraveled.AimTo assess the effect of nocturnal hyperglycaemia and clinically significant (CS) hypoglycaemia on sleep pattern among C‐T1D.MethodologyThirty C‐T1D were compared to 30 age and sex matched healthy siblings. Patients having other organ disease that might cause sleep disorders or on medications causing sleep disturbance were excluded. History included diabetes‐duration, type and dose of insulin therapy, chronic diabetic‐complications, and manifestations of sleep disorders. Epworth Sleepiness Scale‐Child Adolescent was used. Continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) and overnight polysomnography were done and analysed.ResultsC‐T1D had significantly lower sleep efficiency and significantly higher arousal index (AI), periodic limb movement index and apnoea–hypopnoea index compared to controls. Moreover, they had significantly longer sleep‐onset latency, light sleep percentage, and shorter rapid eye movement percentage than controls. According to nocturnal CGMS readings, 15 C‐T1D had nocturnal hyperglycaemia (50%), six experienced CS hypoglycaemia (20%), two had level‐1 hypoglycaemia (6.7%), and seven were within the normoglycaemic range (23.3%). C‐T1D experiencing nocturnal CS hypoglycaemia had significantly higher stage 3 sleep (P = 0.004) than controls. On the other hand, C‐ T1D experiencing nocturnal hyperglycaemia had significantly higher sleep onset latency (P = 0.013), light sleep percentage (P < 0.001), and AI (P < 0.001) than controls. Nocturnal CS hypoglycaemia was positively correlated to deep sleep duration, while hyperglycaemia was correlated to number of awakenings, sleep‐onset latency, and light sleep duration.ConclusionIn children with T1D CS hypoglycaemia is associated with sleep deepening, while hyperglycaemia is associated with increased light sleep, sleep onset latency.
Eating disorder fear networks: Identification of central eating disorder fears
Authors: Levinson Cheri A. , Williams Brenna M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveEating‐related fear and anxiety are hallmark symptoms of eating disorders (EDs). However, it is still unclear which fears are most important (e.g., food, weight gain), which has practical implications, given treatments for eating‐related fear necessitate modifications based on the specific fear driving ED pathology. For example, exposure treatments should be optimized based on specific fears that maintain pathology. The current study (N = 1,622 combined clinical ED and undergraduate sample) begins to answer questions on the precise nature of ED fears and how they operate with other ED symptoms.MethodWe used network analysis to create two models of ED fears and symptoms. The first model consisted of ED fears only (e.g., fears of food, fears of weight gain) to identify which fear is most central. The second model consisted of ED fears and ED symptoms to detect how ED fears operate with ED symptoms.ResultsWe found fear of disliking how one's body feels due to weight gain, disliking eating in social situations, feeling tense around food, fear of judgment due to weight gain, and food anxiety were the most central ED fears. We also identified several bridge symptoms between ED fears and symptoms. Finally, we found that the most central ED fears predicted excessive exercise at two‐month follow‐up.DiscussionThese data support the idea that consequences (i.e., judgment) associated with fears of weight gain and interoceptive fears are the most central ED fears. These data have implications for the future development of precision interventions targeted to address ED‐related fear.
Degrees of compositional shift in tree communities vary along a gradient of temperature change rates over one decade: Application of an individual‐based temporal beta‐diversity concept
Authors: Nakadai Ryosuke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTemporal patterns in communities have gained widespread attention recently, to the extent that temporal changes in community composition are now termed “temporal beta‐diversity.” Previous studies of beta‐diversity have made use of two classes of dissimilarity indices: incidence‐based (e.g., Sørensen and Jaccard dissimilarity) and abundance‐based (e.g., Bray–Curtis and Ružička dissimilarity). However, in the context of temporal beta‐diversity, the persistence of identical individuals and turnover among other individuals within the same species over time have not been considered, despite the fact that both will affect compositional changes in communities. To address this issue, I propose new index concepts for beta‐diversity and the relative speed of compositional shifts in relation to individual turnover based on individual identity information. Individual‐based beta‐diversity indices are novel dissimilarity indices that consider individual identity information to quantitatively evaluate temporal change in individual turnover and community composition. I applied these new indices to individually tracked tree monitoring data in deciduous and evergreen broad‐leaved forests across the Japanese archipelago with the objective of quantifying the effect of climate change trends (i.e., rates of change in both annual mean temperature and annual precipitation) on individual turnover and compositional shifts at each site. A new index explored the relative contributions of mortality and recruitment processes to temporal changes in community composition. Clear patterns emerged showing that an increase in the temperature change rate facilitated the relative contribution of mortality components. The relative speed of compositional shift increased with increasing temperature change rates in deciduous forests but decreased with increasing warming rates in evergreen forests. These new concepts provide a way to identify novel and high‐resolution temporal patterns in communities.
Identifying island safe havens to prevent the extinction of the World’s largest lizard from global warming
Authors: Jones Alice R. , Jessop Tim S. , Ariefiandy Achmad , Brook Barry W. , Brown Stuart C. , Ciofi Claudio , Benu Yunias Jackson , Purwandana Deni , Sitorus Tamen , Wigley Tom M. L. , Fordham Damien A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) is an endangered, island‐endemic species with a naturally restricted distribution. Despite this, no previous studies have attempted to predict the effects of climate change on this iconic species. We used extensive Komodo dragon monitoring data, climate, and sea‐level change projections to build spatially explicit demographic models for the Komodo dragon. These models project the species’ future range and abundance under multiple climate change scenarios. We ran over one million model simulations with varying model parameters, enabling us to incorporate uncertainty introduced from three main sources: (a) structure of global climate models, (b) choice of greenhouse gas emission trajectories, and (c) estimates of Komodo dragon demographic parameters. Our models predict a reduction in range‐wide Komodo dragon habitat of 8%–87% by 2050, leading to a decrease in habitat patch occupancy of 25%–97% and declines of 27%–99% in abundance across the species' range. We show that the risk of extirpation on the two largest protected islands in Komodo National Park (Rinca and Komodo) was lower than other island populations, providing important safe havens for Komodo dragons under global warming. Given the severity and rate of the predicted changes to Komodo dragon habitat patch occupancy (a proxy for area of occupancy) and abundance, urgent conservation actions are required to avoid risk of extinction. These should, as a priority, be focused on managing habitat on the islands of Komodo and Rinca, reflecting these islands’ status as important refuges for the species in a warming world. Variability in our model projections highlights the importance of accounting for uncertainties in demographic and environmental parameters, structural assumptions of global climate models, and greenhouse gas emission scenarios when simulating species metapopulation dynamics under climate change.