bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teoretyczne ujęcia konfliktu politycznego
Authors: Jabłoński Andrzej Wojciech 
Published: March 2020

Theoretical approaches to political conflictThis article reconstructs and develops theoretical approaches to analysis of political conflicts in the disci­plines of political science, political philosophy and sociology. In the consecutive sections of the article the author develops theoretical assumptions of liberal rationalism, agonism, political realism, structuralism and constitutional theory. These theoretical approaches differ in the attitudes towards the causes of conflict and the role of conflict in the modern political system. Liberal rationalism is a normative theory of con­sensus within political community based on common values. Agonism perceives conflict as an essential ingredient of politics. Political realism sees conflict as permanent element of politics on the internal and international level. Constitutional theory embraces legal rules and cultural norms that define legitimate ways of political action, through which conflicts are regulated.
Spirala przemocy w konfliktach społecznych
Authors: Karwat Mirosław 
Published: March 2020

The spiral of violence in the social conflictsIn the antagonistic conflicts between sides with the equalized potential it is possible such a situation that none of the sides is able to win, nor to cut off the fight although their own forces are running out and thus increases the threat of self-destruction. This endless exchange of blows is escalating in time and causing more destruction and damage than profits. The unilateral initiative of armistice is impossible, because both fighters are afraid that it may be viewed as a symptom of weakness and incentive to intensify attacksIn their own ranks striving for agreement with the adversary may be condemned and obstructed as a betrayal. Then the vicious circle of the insoluble struggle sets the spiral of violence.
Geneza demokratycznych instytucji samorządu na terenach Islandii w latach 870–930
Authors: Boridczenko Stanisław 
Published: March 2020

The genesis of the democratic self-government institutions in the Iceland in 870–930The article presents information about creating of the politic institution in Iceland in 870–930. The author’s intention is the study and description of the development of democratic self-governing institutions with demonstration proofs that Iceland self-govern institution can be percepted like democratic. It also indicates the main features of Icelandic society that have left a mark on government institutions.
Antropodoksa polityczna jako kategoria teoretyczna i przedmiot badań
Authors: Bachryj-Krzywaźnia Maciej 
Published: March 2020

Political anthropodoxis as a theoretical category and object of analysisThe article presents a meaning of the notion “political anthropodoxis” and justifies its analytical separation. The title category, inspired by the structure of philosophical anthropology thought and findings in folk psychology, is first placed into the system of political theory concepts. Its subsequent detailed characteristics is followed by outlined methodological perspective appropriate for its analysis.
Problem prekaryjnej pracy w kontekście dyskusji o polityce społecznej w Polsce
Authors: Mazur Jan 
Published: March 2020

The problem of precarious work in the context of the discussion on social policy in PolandThe text consists of two parts. The first is an introduction to the problem of precarious work. The expres­sion “precarious work” itself is derived from the word “precariat”. This term refers to people who are forced to undertake poor quality employment which is mostly precarious, temporary, low-paid, lacks promotion prospects, and is undertaken on the basis of flexible contracts etc. The easiest way that the prekariat can be characterized is by using such references as “junk” contracts, unsecured employment, inhumane overtime, lack of professional identity, low pension contributions or their total absenceThe second part of the text presents precarious work from the perspective of Polish social policy. Above all, a speech by Elżbieta Rafalska, the Minister for Family, Labour and Social Policy was used. The speech was presented during a national conference entitled “Prekariat The Perspective of Catholic Social Science”, held in Częstochowa, Jasna Góra on 21 June 2016. Precarious work leads to negative social phenomena. They can be characterized briefly as “brain wast­ing”, which deprives young people of the opportunity to develop, and gives them a sense of being an un­necessary generation. In this way, the ethos of work is undermined. It ceases to be a service to another person, and becomes primarily a means of obtaining means of living and an instrument of the employer’s domination over employees.Thee dilemmas posed by precarious work create considerable challenges for social policy in Poland. It is not enough to combat precarious, unstable employment, but work itself needs to be healed, so that its dignity is restored. That is why one should start with the fight against unemployment. Guy Standing’s ideas are worthy of consideration, as they propose a social policy that supports non-precarious workIn this respect, the ethical guidelines contained in the John Paul II’s encyclical “Laborem exercens” still appear to be valid.
Państwo polsko-litewskie europejskim mocarstwem. Uwarunkowania ustrojowo-społeczne
Authors: Juchnowski Jerzy , Pieróg Agnieszka 
Published: March 2020

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a European power: The system and social factors Central and Eastern Europe is viewed by the West as a peripheral region which is the object of political bargaining among different powerful countries. However, the Poland of the Jagiellonian era deserves the name of a regional power. The Polish-Lithuanian Federation constituted the basis for the system which was republican and monarchical at the same time and which was unusual in Western Europe. From the 14th to the 16th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was working towards its strong position in the region. In relations with the Vatican, Poland maintained its extensive autonomy. It was the 17th century that brought the regress which resulted from the evolution of the political system in the direction of noblemen’s oligarchy.
Zasadnicze przejawy ingerencji w prawa podmiotowe prywatne jednostek przez III Rzeszę
Authors: Kruszewski Tomasz , Górnicki Leonard 
Published: March 2020

ESSENTIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF INTERFERENCE IN SUBJECTIVE RIGHTS OF PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS BY THE THIRD REICHThe article analyzes the most important manifestations of limitation of subjective rights of private individuals by the Third Reich. The authors begin the article by undermining by the national socialist regime one of the fundamental principles, which is equality before the law. Then, the au­thors analyze the violations of particulars individual rights of private individuals.The purpose of the authors is to demonstrate that the self-reliance of aperson Eigenständig­keit has ceased to be an essential element of private law in the national socialist legal order. The sphere in which the subject of law could freely regulate the legal situation created by acts of his will, became clearly restricted. But also, and even more specifically, the sphere of traditionally protected civil rights of private individuals has fallen. The interference of the national socialist regime in the sphere of human privacy followed by changes both in civil and in public law. The existence of a for­mal legal basis was supposed to exclude the unlawfulness of the behavior of the subjects of the law, especially the state, its organs and institutions, but in the light of the idea ofthe law of the civilized nations it was “statutory lawlessness”.
Zmiany w systemie dokumentacji publikacji Politechniki Wrocławskiej na potrzeby Modułu Sprawozdawczego PBN
Authors: Komperda Anna 
Published: March 2020

Changes in documentation system of publicationsof the Wrocław University of Scienceand Technology in the context of data transfer to the Polish Scholary BibliographyThe article focuses on the Ordinance of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education on the System of the Information on Higher Education and its implementation at the Wroclaw University of Science and Technology WRUST. Some organizational solutions and communication ways with the POL-on — the System of the Information on Higher Education were presented. Aspecial attention was paid to DONA database as the main WRUST source of reliable bibliographic and statistical data for estimation and comparison of the research performance. It discusses the way of publication data transfer to the Reporting Module of the PBN — Polish Scholarly Bibliography, especially: organization of work, modifications in DONA database structure, process of data enhancement, a new data range in accordance with the new Ministry Ordinance as well as data import details. A particular attention is given to information extension about authors, publication affiliation assignment to the university organizational unit, Open Access availability of publications, OA licenses and information about conferences. The main goal of the article is to present the experiences of the big technical university with agreat practical expertise in the field of development of the complex multitask information platform — asource of information about scientific output of the University. It analyses also problems connected with the data transfer to the POL-on System and discusses the important issue such as evaluation of scientific units in Poland.
Artists’ books, czyli czym jest owoc małżeństwa książki ze sztuką
Authors: Bernacki Paweł 
Published: March 2020

Artists’ books, or what is the fruit of the marriage of a book with artThis text is an attempt to looking at the status of artists’ books — interesting phenomenon, which blends worlds of book and art. It includes the opinions of art critics, bibliophiles, publishers, crea­tors of literature and artists. History of the artists’ books and external conditions, which have an influence on its birth were briefly outlined. Image of this phenomenon turns out indeterminate and internally contradictory. Theories, typologies, attempts to define or even fix the right term are often mutually exclusive. This situation raises questions about their legitimacy. Maybe we should accept the fact that certain indeterminacy and impossibility to enclose in rigid frames is an inherent feature of artists’ books because otherwise they would lose their diverse and open character.
Pengembangan Video Tutorial Membuat Halaman Website
Authors: Ramadhan Rikko Fajar , Kustandi Cecep , Nursetyo Kunto Imbar 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan video tutorial membuat halaman website menggunakan framework bootstrap. Video tutorial disusun berdasakan setiap tahapan dasar membuat halaman website. Sasaran video tutorial tersebut ialah pengguna dengan usia 18 tahun hingga 30 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan model Rapid Prototyping. Dalam Model tersebut memiliki beberapa tahapan diantaranya Asses Needs dan Analyze Content, Set Objective, Construct Prototype, Utilize Prototype, serta Install and Maintain System. Ujicoba pada penelitian pengembangan ini melalui beberapa tahapan diantaranya Expert review, one to one, serta small group. Pada evaluasi expert review yang dilakukan oleh ahli materi serta media mendapatkan nilai rata rata 3.64. Pada tahap one to one didapatkan hasil rata rata 3.52, tahap small group mendapatkan nilai rata rata 3.38. Secara keseluruhan video tutorial yang peneliti kembangkan untuk membuat halaman website dapat dikatakan layak untuk digunakaan. Khususnya pada pembuatan halaman website dengan framework bootstrap.
Maternal and partner’s level of satisfaction on the delivery room service in University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study.
Authors: Taddese Asefa Adimasu , Gashaye Kiros Terefe , Dagne Henok , Andualem Zewudu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Asking patients/clients what they perceive about the care and treatment they have received is one of the important steps towards improving the quality of health care. In the scientific world, a number of efforts have been tried to understand about what laboring mothers perceive about the care provided. However, little is known about the birth experiences of partners in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the maternal and partner’s level of satisfaction on the delivery room service in the study area.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from Dec 2018 to January 2019 in University of Gondar referral hospital. The birth satisfaction scale is used for the mother, and it was adapted to the partners’ perspective. Paired-samples t tests were used for comparing mothers and partners for the birth satisfaction scales global and thematic scores. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify predicting factors for mothers’ and partners satisfaction.
Results: The overall satisfaction of mothers in this study was 47.6 % whereas 41.2% of partners were satisfied by delivery room services. There were mean difference between mothers and partners’ birth satisfaction scale (p=0.02). Maternal satisfaction scale was affected by age [OR = 0.36, 95%CI (0.18, 0.73 )], perception [OR =0.02, 95%CI (0.001,0.09)], waiting time [OR = 0.11 , 95%CI (0.001, 0.09)],visiting mode [OR = 0.01 , 95%CI (0.001,0.08)], pregnancy status [OR = 0.04, 95%CI (0.01 ,0.33)] and fatal outcome [OR=0.001, 95%CI (0.001,0.018)] .whereas, partners satisfaction was associated with age [OR=0.16,95%CI (0.05 0.49)], occupational status [OR = 0.02, 95%CI (0.001, 0.24), amount of money to pay for service [OR = 2.87, 95%CI (1.07, 7.71), visiting mode of his wife [OR = 0.08, 95%CI (0.01, 0.35)], waiting time [OR = 0.12, 95%CI (0.04, 0.33)], privacy [OR = 10.61, 95%CI (3.00, 37.52)], mode of delivery of his wife [OR = 7.69, 95%CI (3.00, 19.69)].
Conclusion : This finding would alert the health care system to design a client-friendly approach. It will provide insight to hospital administrators and providers in formulating a policy that would enhance the support of partners during labour and delivery process.
Burden of HPV Related Anogenital Diseases in Young Women in Germany – An Analysis of German Statutory Health Insurance Claims Data From 2012–2017
Authors: Reuschenbach Miriam , Mihm Sarah , Wölle Regine , Schneider Kim Maren , Jacob Christian , Braun Sebastian , Greiner Wolfgang , Hampl Monika 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Most women and men are infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) at least once in their lifetime. Infections with low-risk types can cause genital warts, whereas high-risk types can cause malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to determine the burden of anogenital diseases potentially related to HPV in young women based on German statutory health insurance claims data.Methods We conducted a retrospective claims data analysis using the “Institute for Applied Health Research Berlin” (InGef) Research Database, containing claims data from approximately 4 million insured individuals. In the period from 2012-2017 all women born in1989-1992, who were continuously insured between the age of 23-25 years were identified. Using ICD-10-GM codes (verified diagnosis in the outpatient sector or primary or secondary diagnosis in the inpatient sector) the administrative prevalence (95% confidence interval) of genital warts (A63.0), anogenital diseases grade I (K62.8, N87.0, N89.0, N90.0), grade II (N87.1, N89.1, N90.1) and grade III (D01.3, D06.-, D06.0, D07.1, D07.2, N87.2, N89.2, N90.2) was calculated (women with diagnosis divided by all women).Results From 2012-2017, a total of 15,358 (birth cohort 1989), 16,027 (birth cohort 1990), 14,748 (birth cohort 1991) and 14,862 (birth cohort 1992) women at the age of 23-25 were identified. A decrease of the administrative prevalence was observed in genital warts (1.30% (1.12-1.49) birth cohort 1989 vs. 0.94% (0.79-1.10) birth cohort 1992) and anogenital diseases grade III (1.09% (0.93-1.26) birth cohort 1989 vs. 0.71% (0.58-0.86) birth cohort 1992). In anogenital diseases grade III, this trend was especially observed for severe cervical dysplasia (N87.2) (0.91% (0.76-1.07) birth cohort 1989 vs. 0.60% (0.48-0.74) birth cohort 1992). In contrast, anogenital diseases grade I (1.41% (1.23-1.61) birth cohort 1989 vs. 1.31% (1.14-1.51) birth cohort 1992) and grade II (0.61% (0.49-0.75) birth cohort 1989 vs. 0.52% (0.42-0.65) birth cohort 1992) remained stable.Conclusions A decrease of the burden of anogenital disease potentially related to HPV was observed in the younger birth cohorts. This was observed especially for genital warts and anogenital diseases grade III. Further research to investigate this trend for the upcoming years in light of varying HPV vaccination coverage for newer birth cohorts is necessary.
Laparoscopic orchiopexy of palpable undescended testes_ experience of a single tertiary institution with over 773 cases
Authors: You Jia , Li Gang , Chen Haitao , Wang Jun , Li Shuang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Discuss the superiority of laparoscopic orchiopexy in the treatment of inguinal palpable undescended testes. Methods Inclusion criteria: Preoperative examination and color Doppler ultrasound examination confirmed that the testes were located in the inguinal canal and could not be pulled into the scrotum, except for retractive and ectopic testes. The surgical steps were depicted as follow. The retroperitoneal wall was carved by ultrasonic scalpels, separates the spermatic vessels closed to the inferior pole of the kidney if necessary, dissects the peritoneum of vas deferens, cuts the testicular gubernaculum, and pulls back the testicle into the abdominal cavity. Besides, protect the vas deferens, and descend the testes to the scrotum and fix them without tension. Results There were 773 patients with 869 inguinal undescended palpable testes, 218 cases on the left side, 459 cases on the right side and 96 cases with bilateral undescended testes, whose age ranged from 6 months to 8 years, with an average of 20 months. All testes were successfully operated, no converted to open surgery. The average operation time was (34.8 ± 5.4) min. There were 692 testes have an ipsilateral patent processus vaginalis (89.5%); In 677 cases of unilateral cryptorchidism, 233 cases (34.4%) have a contralateral patent processus vaginalis, and laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure the hernia sac carry out during the surgery. There was no subcutaneous emphysema during the operation, no vomiting, no abdominal distension, no wound bleeding and obvious pain after surgery, especially wound infection is rarely. Doppler ultrasound was evaluated regularly after surgery. The patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months. All the testes were located in the scrotum without testicular retraction and atrophy. No inguinal hernia or hydrocele was found in follow-up examination. Conclusion Laparoscopic orchiopexy manage inguinal palpable cryptorchidism is safe and effective, and there are obvious minimally invasive advantages. Furthermore, It could discover a contralateral patent processus vaginalis, and treat at the same time, which avoid the occurrence of metachronous inguinal hernia.
A Drug Identification Model developed using Deep Learning Technologies: Experience of a Medical Center in Taiwan
Authors: Ting Hsien-Wei , Chung Sheng-Luen , Chen Chih-Fang , Chiu Hsin-Yi , Hsieh Yow-Wen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Issuing of correct prescriptions is a foundation of patient safety. Medication errors represent one of the most important problems in health care, with ‘look-alike and sound-alike’ (LASA) being the lead error. Existing solutions to prevent LASA still have their limitations. Deep learning techniques have revolutionized identification classifiers in many fields. In search of better image-based solutions for blister package identification problem, this study using a baseline deep learning drug identification (DLDI) aims to understand how identification confusion of look-alike images by human occurs through the cognitive counterpart of deep learning solutions and thereof to suggest further solutions to approach them.Methods: We collected images of 250 types of blister-packaged drug from the Out-Patient Department (OPD) of a medical center for identification. The deep learning framework of You Only Look Once (YOLO) was adopted for implementation of the proposed deep learning. The commonly-used F1 score, defined by precision and recall for large numbers of identification tests, was used as the performance criterion. This study trained and compared the proposed models based on images of either the front-side or back-side of blister-packaged drugs. Results: Our results showed that the total training time for the front-side model and back-side model was 5 hours 34 minutes and 7 hours 42 minutes, respectively. The F1 score of the back-side model (95.99%) was better than that of the front-side model (93.72%). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study constructed a deep learning-based model for blister-packaged drug identification, with an accuracy greater than 90%. This model outperformed identification using conventional computer vision solutions, and could assist pharmacists in identifying drugs while preventing medication errors caused by look-alike blister packages. By integration into existing prescription systems in hospitals, the results of this study indicated that using this model, drugs dispensed could be verified in order to achieve automated prescription and dispensing.
Characterization of Visceral leishmaniasis Outbreak, Marsabit County, Kenya, 2014
Authors: Kanyina Evalyne Jaquelyne Wambui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by protozoa of the Leishmania donovani complex. Annually, an estimated 500,000 cases of VL are reported globally posing a public health challenge. The objectives of our study were to confirm and determine the magnitude of VL outbreak, characterize the outbreak clinically and epidemiologically and evaluate the county preparedness and response in Marsabit County, Kenya. Methods : A retrospective review of laboratory registers and patients’ clinical notes was done at Marsabit County Hospital. Cases were persons with confirmed VL diagnosis either by microscopy, serology or molecular technique coming from Marsabit County from May to October 2014. Cases were interviewed using structured questionnaire to collect clinical and epidemiologic information. Blood samples were collected from cases for laboratory confirmation. Results : A total of 136 cases were confirmed of which 77% (105) were male with a median age of 17 (IQR: 22) years and 9.6% (13) case fatality rate. All cases were admitted at Marsabit County Referral Hospital, Kenya. Medical records of 133 cases were retrieved. Of the 133 cases, 102 (77%) presented with fever, 43 (32%) with splenomegaly, 26 (20%) with hepatomegaly and 96 (72%) were managed with Sodium stibogluconate (SSG) monotherapy. Thirty four cases (26%) received Full haemogram (FHG) test and none had more than one Liver Function Tests (LFTs) in a span of six months. No VL case management training had been conducted nor VL treatment guidelines distributed among health care workers (HCWs) in the last one year. Conclusions: VL cases were confirmed. Inadequate case monitoring and management was evident. VL case management sensitization training was conducted. The County health department should put in place one health VL surveillance and facilitate periodic case management trainings.