bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children With ADHD Are at Risk for a Broad Array of Adverse Adult Outcomes That Cross Functional Domains: Results From a Population-Based Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Harstad Elizabeth B. , Katusic Slavica , Sideridis Georgios , Weaver Amy L. , Voigt Robert G. , Barbaresi William J. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To identify patterns (“classes”) of outcomes for adults with and without childhood ADHD. Method: Subjects were 232 childhood ADHD cases and 335 non-ADHD referents from a 1976 to 1982 birth cohort. We used latent class analyses to identify classes based on a broad array of adult psychosocial outcomes and determined the proportion of subjects with childhood ADHD within each class. Results: A three class solution provided optimal model fit; classes were termed “good,” “intermediate,” and “poor” functioning. Subjects with childhood ADHD comprised 62.8% of the “poor,” 53.5% of the “intermediate,” and 24.9% of the “good” functioning class. The “poor” functioning class was distinguished by increased likelihood of legal trouble and substance use disorders and included more individuals with childhood ADHD and psychiatric disorder than the “intermediate” class (45.5% vs. 30.6%). Conclusion: Children with ADHD are at risk for adverse adult outcomes in multiple domains and co-morbid childhood psychiatric disorders increase risk.
Effect of capsular tension ring on refractive results in cases with pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Authors: Kandemir Besek Nilay , Gumus Gulsah , Karabulut Gamze Ozturk , Nacaroglu Senay Asik , Kirgiz Ahmet , Kepez Yildiz Burcin , Agca Alper 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effect of capsular tension rings (CTRs) on postoperative refractive results in patients with pseudoexfoliation (PSX) syndrome. Materials and Methods: Sixty-nine patients with PSX syndrome who had uncomplicated cataract surgery between March 2016 and February 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups. The 35 patients in Group 1 received CTRs prior to intraocular lens implantation during cataract surgery, and the 34 patients in Group 2 had cataract surgery without CTRs. Significant zonular weakness, uncontrolled glaucoma, and ocular pathologies causing low visual acuity were excluded. The preoperative and postoperative keratometry and autorefraction measurements, preoperative expected refractive values, and absolute refractive error were recorded. Results: The mean ages of patients were 73.54 ± 9.78 years in Group 1 and 72.23 ± 6.72 years in Group 2 ( p = 0.521). There was no statistically significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 in terms of expected preoperative refraction values (–0.52 ± 0.12,–0.56 ± 0.08, respectively, p = 0.118). There was a statistically significant difference in postoperative spherical equivalent values between Group 1 and Group 2 (–0.05 ± 0.97 and −0.92 ± 0.57, respectively, p < 0.01). A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of absolute refractive error (0.46 ± 0.74 in Group 1 and −0.34 ± 0.59 in Group 2 p < 0.01). Conclusion: CTR implantation causes hyperopic shift, which should be taken into consideration when calculating the lens power of intraocular lens in patients with PSX syndrome.
Choroidal, macular and ganglion cell layer thickness assessment in Caucasian children measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Del-Prado-Sánchez Cristina , Seijas-Leal Olga , Gili-Manzanaro Pablo , Ferreiro-López Juan , Yangüela-Rodilla Julio , Arias-Puente Alfonso 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To study the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), macular ganglion cell layer (GCL-IPL) and central macular thickness (CMT) in Caucasian children, and to analyze these optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters depending on the spherical equivalent (SE). Methods: Cross-sectional study of SFCT, GCL-IPL, and CMT in Caucasian children, analyzed with spectral-domain OCT Cirrus 5000 and Enhanced-depth imaging technique. Correlation between these three OCT parameters, age, sex, and spherical equivalent was analyzed. The eyes were classified into three groups: group 1 included eyes with SE < 0, group 2 included eyes with SE between 0 and +2.00, and group 3 eyes with SE > +2.00. Results: Hundred ninety-eight eyes of 121 subjects were studied. The mean age was 9.22 years (range 3–16); 61.1% were female. The mean SFCT was 351.04 ± 84.08 µm, being 310.04 ± 82.84µm in group 1 (n = 62), 373.14 ± 83.16 µm in group 2 (n = 71) and 365.18 ± 73.16 µm in group 3 ( n = 65); statistically significant differences were found between groups 2 and 3, compared with group 1. GCL-IPL thickness was significantly thinner ( p < 0.001) in group 1, compared with group 3. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups regarding CMT. Correlation with age, and sex was not found. Conclusions: SFCT and GCL-IPL thickness were significantly thinner ( p < 0.001) in myopic children when compared with a non-myopic pediatric population. However, it seems that there is not a correlation among the three OCT parameters studied, age and sex, when they are analyzed depending on refractive error.
Multimodal imaging in IRVAN syndrome presenting with Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Zina Sourour , Ksiaa Imen , Abdelhedi Chiraz , Ben Amor Hager , Attia Sonia , Khochtali Sana , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To describe multimodal imaging ﬁndings in a patient with idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome presenting with branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). Case description: A 33-year-old woman presented with acute BRAO in the right eye. A diagnosis of underlying IRVAN syndrome was made based on the presence of arteriolar aneurysms on the optic disc and along major arterioles and faint retinal hard exudates in both eyes. Eight months later, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. The hard exudates had increased, and there were extensive areas of peripheral retinal capillary nonperfusion without new vessels. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a localized retinal thinning corresponding to the prior BRAO. Fundus autofluorescence showed nodulo-linear periarterial hypoautofluorescence. OCT angiography (OCTA) showed localized ischemic changes, mainly involving the deep capillary plexus, corresponding to the area of resolved BRAO. It also clearly delineated the optic disc aneurysms. The patient received bilateral scatter laser photocoagulation directed to areas of peripheral capillary nonperfusion. Over a 6-month follow-up period, visual acuity remained unchanged, and there was no evidence of disease progression. Conclusion: Multimodal imaging, including fundus autofluorescence, OCT, and OCTA can provide additional valuable information in the evaluation of IRVAN syndrome complicated with BRAO.
Modified Y- split and recession of medial rectus muscles in convergence excess esotropia
Authors: Bagheri Abbas , Abbasnia Ehsan , Tavakoli Mehdi 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The convergence excess esotropia (CEET) is defined when near esotropia is greater than the distance by at least 10 PD while the eye is corrected with the full cycloplegic refraction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a modified technique of Y- split recession of the medial rectus muscles on CEET. Methods: This was a retrospective study on patients diagnosed with CEET. The surgery included longitudinally dividing the medial rectus muscles into two equal halves and re-attaching them in a recessed and one-tendon width apart position. Success was defined as a residual distance and near esotropia of less than 10 PD and a distance-near disparity of less than 5 PD. Results: Fourteen patients, including 8 (57.1%) females, were enrolled with a mean age of 7.1 ± 2.9 years. The mean follow-up period was 28.6 ± 12.1 months. The mean preoperative distance and near esotropia was 31 ± 10 and 45 ± 11.3 PD respectively that decreased to 2.4 ± 3 and 3.6 ± 3.8 PD at the final visit ( p < 0.001). The Mean distance-near disparity of esotropia was 14 ± 4.5 PD before the operation that decreased to 1.3 ± 1.8 PD at the final visit ( p < 0.001). The motor success rate was 78.6%, bifocal glasses were no more required in 92.9% of patients, and stereopsis improved in 35.7% of patients after the surgery. Conclusion: Bilateral modified Y- split and recession of the medial rectus muscle is an effective technique for the treatment of CEET with persistent outcomes in the long-term follow-up.
In search of labral restoration function with hip arthroscopy: outcomes of hip labral reconstruction versus labral repair: a systematic review
Authors: Maldonado David R , Kyin Cynthia , Chen Sarah L , Rosinksy Philip J , Shapira Jacob , Meghpara Mitchell B , Lall Ajay C , Domb Benjamin G 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To perform a systematic review comparing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients who underwent hip arthroscopy with labral repair versus labral reconstruction in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and labral tears. Methods: A systematic review of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed in May 2020 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and checklist. Articles were included in the analysis if they compared PROs between a labral repair and labral reconstruction cohort. For all PROs, the standardised mean difference (SMD) was calculated to compare the effect size of labral repair and labral reconstruction. Results: 10 comparative studies, with 582 reconstruction cases and 631 repair cases, were included in this analysis. The mean age for the reconstruction and the repair groups ranged from 27.0 years to 52.6 years and 27.5 years to 47.0 years, respectively. The mean follow-up for the reconstruction and the repair groups ranged from 24.0 months to 66.0 months and 24.0 months to 71.0 months, respectively. The modified Harris Hip Scores (mHHS) was favourable in 8 reconstruction studies (range 80.4–95.0) and 9 repair studies (range 84.1–93.0). Average NAHS scores for the repair and reconstruction cohorts ranged from 77.9–88.6 and 73.9–92.4, respectively. Additionally, the effect sizes regarding NAHS and mHHS scores were large (SMD > 0.8) in both the reconstruction and repair groups for the majority of studies. Finally, reconstruction patients underwent a subsequent total hip arthroplasty (THA) at a slightly higher rate. Conclusions: In the setting of FAIS and labral tears, patients who underwent hip arthroscopy may expect significant improvement in PROs at short-term follow-up with either labral repair or labral reconstruction. Although, not statistically significant, the repair group trended towards higher scores and exhibited a lower risk of conversion to THA.
Endothelial prostaglandin D2 opposes angiotensin II contractions in mouse isolated perfused intracerebral microarterioles
Authors: Li L , Lai EY , Cao X , Welch WJ , Wilcox CS 
Published: October 2020

Hypothesis: A lack of contraction of cerebral microarterioles to Ang II (“resilience”) depends on cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipocalin type prostaglandin D sythase L-PGDS producing PGD2 that activates prostaglandin D type 1 receptors (DP1Rs) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Materials & Methods: Contractions were assessed in isolated, perfused vessels and NO by fluorescence microscopy. Results: The mRNAs of penetrating intraparenchymal cerebral microarterioles versus renal afferent arterioles were >3000-fold greater for L-PGDS and DP1R and 5-fold for NOS III and COX 2. Larger cerebral arteries contracted with Ang II. However, cerebral microarterioles were entirely unresponsive but contracted with endothelin 1 and perfusion pressure. Ang II contractions were evoked in cerebral microarterioles from COX1 –/– mice or after blockade of COX2, L-PGDS or NOS and in deendothelialized vessels but effects of deendothelialization were lost during COX blockade. NO generation with Ang II depended on COX and also was increased by DP1R activation. Conclusion: The resilience of cerebral arterioles to Ang II contractions is specific for intraparenchymal microarterioles and depends on endothelial COX1 and two products that are metabolized by L-PGDS to generate PGD2 that signals via DP1Rs and NO.
Relative importance of factors affecting activity and upper extremity function in children with Narakas Group 2 brachial plexus birth palsy
Authors: Delioğlu Kıvanç , Uzumcugil Akin , Öztürk Ebru , Kerem Gunel Mintaze 
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the differences in upper limb function and activity/participation levels between preschool children with Narakas Groups 2a and 2b obstetric brachial plexus injury; and to determine the significance level of the factors affecting upper limb functions in these patients. Sixty-seven children, aged 3 to 7, who had not had surgical intervention, were evaluated in terms of joint movements, modified Mallet classification, Raimondi hand classification, brachial plexus outcome measure, paediatric outcome data collection instrument and stereognosis. There were significant functional differences between the groups, in favour of Group 2a. The movements affecting total function of the upper limb were: hand to spine ( p < 0.001), global abduction ( p < 0.001) and hand to mouth ( p < 0.001), in descending order of significance. Passive internal rotation was the most important passive joint movement affecting shoulder function ( p < 0.001). The results of this study suggest that more emphasis should be placed on the shoulder internal rotation in treatment strategies. Level of evidence: III
Improving home oxygen therapy in patients with interstitial lung diseases: application of a noninvasive ventilation device
Authors: Cuerpo Sandra , Palomo Maria , Hernández-González Fernanda , Francesqui Joel , Albacar Nuria , Hernández Carmen , Blanco Isabel , Embid Cristina , Sellares Jacobo 
Published: October 2020

Background: Proper adjustment of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during daily activities in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) requiring long-term oxygen therapy is challenging. Given the multifactorial nature of the limited exercise tolerance in patients with ILDs, the isolated use of oxygen therapy may not be enough. As demonstrated previously in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the use of a noninvasive ventilation (NIV) device combined with oxygen therapy may prevent the falling of oxygen saturation during exercise, due to an improvement of the ventilation–perfusion ratio and a reduction of the respiratory work, thus enhancing exercise tolerance. We sought to assess in patients diagnosed with ILD who are in need of oxygen therapy, the effect of associating an NIV to improve oxygen parameters and the distance covered during the 6 min walking test (6MWT). Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in patients with ILDs. After a clinical characterization, we performed a 6MWT in two different situations: using a portable oxygen concentrator with the regular flow used by the patient during their daily life activities and afterwards adding the additional support of a NIV. The oxygen saturation parameters were registered with a portable oximeter. Results: We included 16 patients with different ILDs who have oxygen therapy prescribed. The use of NIV associated with oxygen therapy in comparison with the use of oxygen therapy alone showed an increase of the average SaO2 [91% (88–93) versus 88% (86–90%); p = 0.0005] and a decrease in the percentage of time with oxygen saturation <90%: 36% (6–56%) versus 58% (36–77%); p < 0.0001. There were no changes in the 6MWT distance: 307 m (222–419 m) versus 316 m (228–425 m); p = 0.10. Conclusions: In our study the use of a NIV system associated with long-term oxygen therapy during exercise showed beneficial effects, especially improvement of oxygen saturation. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
Evaluation of Hylan G-F 20 Treatment with Opioid Prescriptions and Intraarticular Corticosteroid Injections in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee Using a Claims Database
Authors: Langworthy Michael J. , Hummer Charles D. , Ngai Wilson , Hao Lichen , Webner David 
Published: October 2020

Objective Assess how treatment with the viscosupplement hylan G-F 20 relates to opioid prescriptions and intraarticular corticosteroid injections (IACS) in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK). Design Case-crossover; adult patients with OAK identified in a claims database were treated with hylan G-F 20 from July 1, 2007, to June 29, 2017. Opioid or IACS prescriptions in the 6 months before treatment were compared to the 6 months after. Patients with comorbid conditions requiring pain medications were excluded, resulting in a 29,395-patient cohort. Four subgroups were investigated: patients with (1) opioids before hylan G-F 20 (OB; n = 6,609); (2) opioids before and after hylan G-F 20 (OBF; n = 3,320); (3) IACS before hylan G-F 20 (CB; n = 11,162); and (4) IACS before and after hylan G-F 20 (CBF; n = 2,810). All opioids were converted to morphine milligram equivalents (MME). Results OB subgroup patients had a significant decrease ( P < 0.01) in total MME (−14.0%), MME per day (−14.2%) and opioid prescription days (−12.6%) after treatment versus before. Only 50.2% of patients prescribed opioids before hylan G-F 20 were prescribed an opioid after treatment. OBF subgroup patients had a significant increase ( P < 0.01) in opioid prescription days (7.8%) before versus after treatment. There was a significant decrease ( P < 0.01) in the number of IACS after versus before treatment for the Total Cohort (−56.1%), and subgroups CB (−72.6%) and CBF (−4.1%). A total of 74.8% of patients receiving an IACS before treatment did not receive an IACS after treatment. Conclusions Hylan G-F 20 is associated with a reduction in opioid prescriptions and IACS in OAK patients.
The Saskatchewan Medication Assessment Program for Patients With Renal Failure: A Qualitative Study to Understand Health Care Provider Perspectives
Authors: Ahmed Anan , Blackburn David F. , Evans Charity , Rosaasen Nicola , Mansell Holly 
Published: October 2020

Background: The Saskatchewan Medication Assessment Program (SMAP) compensates community pharmacists for medication reviews on eligible residents with the goal of optimizing patient care. Although medication reviews are meant to reduce risks associated with complex medication regimens, some patients may already be receiving specialized care from interdisciplinary health care teams from the renal programs in Saskatchewan. Objective: A qualitative analysis was undertaken to examine the perceptions of health care providers about the SMAP process for patients receiving renal care in Saskatchewan. The goal was to explore potential benefits, facilitators, challenges, and/or barriers of the program in this population. Design: Qualitative descriptive study. Setting: The semi-structured interviews took place in the province of Saskatchewan. Participants: Community pharmacists, renal pharmacist, and nephrologists. Methods: All nephrologists, renal pharmacists, and community pharmacies in Saskatoon and Regina were sent an invitation to participate in the study. Semi-structured interviews were completed with participants and were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Coding was performed using NVIVO qualitative software, and meaning units and codes were consolidated into categories and subcategories using qualitative content analysis. Results: A total of 9 community pharmacists, 10 renal pharmacists, and 8 nephrologists were interviewed. Community pharmacists had mixed levels of comfort providing SMAP assessments for renal patients, but expressed the desire to provide the best care possible and described patient benefits. Some categories (eg, barriers and improvements) and subcategories (eg, “collaboration/communication”, “other challenges,” and “suggestions for improvement”) were consistent among all participant groups, while others (eg, “renal patients have complex care needs” and “duplication of service”) were common among both renal pharmacists and nephrologists. The nephrologists had little knowledge of the program and of the role of the community pharmacist, indicating the need for improved education and communication. Limitations: The lack of renal patient perceptions on the SMAP process should be acknowledged and studied in future. A further limitation is the small sample size per subsample group. Conclusion: Despite some negative experiences, all of the participants believed the program can be beneficial. However, several recommendations were suggested to improve the SMAP process in renal patients and other complex patient populations.
A Higher Concentration of Dialysate Magnesium to Reduce the Frequency of Muscle Cramps: A Narrative Review
Authors: Varghese Akshay , Lacson Eduardo , Sontrop Jessica M. , Acedillo Rey R. , Al-Jaishi Ahmed A. , Anderson Sierra , Bagga Amit , Bain Katie L. , Bennett Laura L. , Bohm Clara , Brown Pierre A. , Chan Christopher T. , Cote Brenden , Dev Varun , Field Bonnie , Harris Claire , Kalatharan Shasikara , Kiaii Mercedeh , Molnar Amber O. , Oliver Matthew J. , Parmar Malvinder S. , Schorr Melissa , Shah Nikhil , Silver Samuel A. , Smith D. Michael , Sood Manish M. , St. Louis Irina , Tennankore Karthik K. , Thompson Stephanie , Tonelli Marcello , Vorster Hans , Waldvogel Blair , Zacharias James , Garg Amit X. ,   for the Dialysate Magnesium (Dial-Mag) Investigators
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review: Strategies to mitigate muscle cramps are a top research priority for patients receiving hemodialysis. As hypomagnesemia is a possible risk factor for cramping, we reviewed the literature to better understand the physiology of cramping as well as the epidemiology of hypomagnesemia and muscle cramps. We also sought to review the evidence from interventional studies on the effect of oral and dialysate magnesium-based therapies on muscle cramps. Sources of information: Peer-reviewed articles. Methods: We searched for relevant articles in major bibliographic databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE. The methodological quality of interventional studies was assessed using a modified version of the Downs and Blacks criteria checklist. Key findings: The etiology of muscle cramps in patients receiving hemodialysis is poorly understood and there are no clear evidence-based prevention or treatment strategies. Several factors may play a role including a low concentration of serum magnesium. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia (concentration of <0.7 mmol/L) in patients receiving hemodialysis ranges from 10% to 20%. Causes of hypomagnesemia include a low dietary intake of magnesium, use of medications that inhibit magnesium absorption (eg, proton pump inhibitors), increased magnesium excretion (eg, high-dose loop diuretics), and a low concentration of dialysate magnesium. Dialysate magnesium concentrations of ≤0.5 mmol/L may be associated with a decrease in serum magnesium concentration over time. Preliminary evidence from observational and interventional studies suggests a higher dialysate magnesium concentration will raise serum magnesium concentrations and may reduce the frequency and severity of muscle cramps. However, the quality of evidence supporting this benefit is limited, and larger, multicenter clinical trials are needed to further determine if magnesium-based therapy can reduce muscle cramps in patients receiving hemodialysis. In studies conducted to date, increasing the concentration of dialysate magnesium appears to be well-tolerated and is associated with a low risk of symptomatic hypermagnesemia. Limitations: Few interventional studies have examined the effect of magnesium-based therapy on muscle cramps in patients receiving hemodialysis and most were nonrandomized, pre-post study designs.