bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ASSOCIATION OF A FRAILTY INDEX AND INCIDENT DELIRIUM IN HOSPITALIZED VETERANS
Authors: Sillner Andrea Y , McConeghy Robert , Madrigal Caroline , Culley Deborah J , Arora Rakesh C , Rudolph James 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Frailty is an accumulation of deficits that helps identify patients who are vulnerable to stressors. Acute illness and hospitalization are stressors that may result in delirium. Delirium is significant in older adults, resulting in increased hospital stays, institutionalization, morbidity, and mortality. This study aimed to determine if a frailty index (FI), calculated on hospital admission, was associated with the development of incident delirium. An FI was built on an accumulation of deficits model which included assessments of cognition, physical function, and medical comorbidities for a cohort of 218 patients admitted to a Veteran Affairs medical facility. The FI was calculated as a proportion of possible deficits (range 0-1; higher scores indicate increased frailty). Delirium was assessed daily by expert clinician interview. Participants were, on average, 71 years (SD=9.53), white (92.7%), and male (91.7%). Participants were grouped using FI ranges as non-frail (FI&lt;0.25; 26%), pre-frail (FI=0.25-0.35; 39%), and frail (FI&gt;0.35; 35%). Incident delirium was more likely to occur in those who were frail (29.3%, p=0.001), compared to those who were pre-frail (20.9%) or non-frail (3.6%). The association of FI and incident delirium remained after adjustment for age, education, and other demographics (pre-frail: adjusted OR=5.64, 95%CI; 1.23, 25.99; frail: adjusted OR=6.80, 95%CI; 1.38, 33.45). Continued data analysis will include an AUC model to demonstrate robustness of the FI. The results from this study support the use of frailty assessments at hospital admission to identify patients at high risk of delirium and in need of additional clinical support and interdisciplinary resources.
COMPARISON OF A FRAILTY RISK SCORE AND COMORBIDITY FOR EARLY REHOSPITALIZATION USING ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD DATA
Authors: Lekan Deborah A , McCoy Thomas P , Jenkins Marjorie , Mohanty Somya , Manda Prashanti 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Frailty is a clinical syndrome of impaired homeostasis and decreased physiologic reserve and resilience resulting in diminished ability to recover from stressors. In the hospital setting, barriers to adoption of popular frailty assessments make them impractical for widespread use. Improving quality and costs associated with hospitalization has motivated using data from the electronic health record (EHR) to identify patients at risk for adverse outcomes such as early readmission. Patient-level factors such as frailty and comorbidity may signal high readmission risk. In this retrospective study and secondary analysis of EHR data, we investigated Frailty Risk Scores (FRS) in models that included sociodemographic, comorbidity, and laboratory data for early 3-, 7-, and 30-day unplanned readmission. Study data were collected from a health system in the Southeastern U.S. on adults &gt;50 years with an inpatient stay of &gt;24 hours, 2013-2017. Exclusions included planned readmission and in-hospital mortality. The FRS was constructed using ICD-10-CM codes mapped for symptoms, syndromes, and laboratory values. Cox and logistic regression were conducted to examine associations with readmission. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) quantified accuracy. The sample was 53% female and 73% non-Hispanic White (N=55,778). About one-third took at least 7 prescribed medications (34%) and average length of stay was 4.3 days (max=103.6). FRS was a significant predictor of readmission for almost all models, independently of three comorbidity indices (range AUC=.850-.854 for 3-day, .809-.813 for 7-day, and .757 to .768 for 30-day). Frailty and comorbidity are independently associated with early rehospitalization.
BIOLOGICAL AGING IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MONOCYTE INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Tavenier Juliette , Rasmussen Line J H , Houlind Morten B , Andersen Aino L , Langkilde Anne , Nehlin Jan , Petersen Janne , Andersen Ove 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chronic inflammation is thought to play a central role in biological aging. However, the causes of chronic inflammation are not fully elucidated. We hypothesized that a dysregulation in monocyte inflammatory activity may contribute to chronic inflammation and biological aging. There are no validated methods for Biological Age (BA) estimation. Therefore, we also hypothesized that older adults with a recent ED (Emergency Department) admission had a higher BA compared to age-matched older adults without a recent ED admission. Two groups of older adults were enrolled: a “high BA”-group who were discharged from the ED four weeks preceding data collection (n=52), and a “low BA”-group consisting of age and sex matched participants without ED admission within the two years preceding data collection (n=52). We assessed NF-κB phosphorylation (Ser529) and NLRP3 inflammasome levels in monocytes using flow cytometry staining of whole blood. Preliminary analyses showed that participants had a median age of 74.8 (IQR: 70.7–82.0) years, 48% were women. Participants in the high-BA group had reduced lower body strength (30 seconds chair stand test p=0.02 and 4 meters gait speed p=0.001) and cognitive function (Digit Symbol Substitution Test p=0.001 and Trail Making Test p=0.002) compared to the low-BA group. Monocytes of participants in the low BA group had lower constitutive p-NF-κB (p&lt; 0.0001) and NLRP3 (p=0.0001) median fluorescence intensity compared to the high BA group. Increased monocyte inflammatory activity assessed by p-NF-κB and NLRP3 was associated with a higher BA. We will investigate associations between monocyte inflammatory activity and markers of chronic inflammation.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTICOMPONENT EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS IN DEMENTIA PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Ribeiro Oscar , Borges-Machado Flavia , Lima Nádia , Farinatti Paulo , Carvalho Joana 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Multicomponent training (MT) combines aerobic, strength, postural, and balance exercises, and has been presented as a promising intervention strategy for dementia due to its potential influence in treating symptoms and/or delaying the disease progression in addition to its intrinsic health benefits. This study aims to systematize evidence on how effective MT is in what concerns physical fitness, cognition, and functionality in dementia patients. Four databases (PubMed, WoS, Scopus & SportDiscus) were systematically searched to locate potential trials through March 2019. A total of 2,312 records were identified and a final set of 17 manuscripts reviewed; of these, only 6 satisfied all inclusion/exclusion criteria: peer-reviewed studies performed with humans aged 60+ years; interventions exclusively MT conducted with clinically diagnosed dementia patients; controlled trials (randomized or not). Cochrane Collaboration’s tool was used to estimate risk of bias. Samples sizes ranged from 27 to 170 participants; MT programs lasted between 4 weeks up to 12 months, took place from a daily basis to twice a week, and sessions ranged from 30 to 60min. Routine medical care was the most frequent intervention offered to control groups. In overall, studies revealed that MT benefits agility/balance, gait speed and strength. Evidence remains unclear regarding MT effectiveness on increasing cognitive function and ADL performance, although maintenance and more pronounced decline on control groups were reported. MT may be an important non-pharmacological strategy to enhance physical conditioning on dementia patients, but further evidence is needed for acknowledging its benefits in specific cognitive abilities and ADL performance.
EXECUTING AN ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN OF UNIVERSITY AGE-FRIENDLINESS: FINDINGS FROM A MIXED METHODS STUDY
Authors: Zakrajsek Andrea G , Masinda Sarah , Simon Amanda , Barragan Cassandra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Internationally, universities are recognizing the importance of understanding and enhancing age as a component diversity and inclusion efforts through the Age-Friendly University (AFU) initiative. This session will describe an environmental scan of “age-friendliness” that one AFU university designed. The overall aims of the project include: (1) exploring how stakeholders understand age-friendliness, (2) identifying current efforts and opportunities that exist within the university, and (3) gathering data that describes the perception of barriers that older learners encounter at the university. This presentation will be used to discuss a mixed-methods study that included interviews and a survey of performance and importance ratings of the international AFU principles. Twenty-eight participants were purposefully recruited from divisions across a campus of a regional university to participate in in-depth interview data collection with the research team. Qualitative thematic findings that emerged through a constant comparative method of analysis of interview transcripts include: Existence of Age-Inclusivity Barriers and Opportunities for Change, Need for Intentionality in Age-Friendly Efforts, and Importance of Connections. Furthermore, AFU principle performance and importance ratings were descriptively analyzed in order to prioritize university efforts to enhance inclusion initiatives related to age.
IMPROVEMENT IN FINE MOTOR CONTROL IN DEMENTIA ELDERLY FROM A COMPUTERIZED TOUCHSCREEN TRAINING PROGRAM
Authors: Yow W Quin , Chen Hui-Ching , Lokanathan Tharshini 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Dementia, a prevalent ageing disease, affects both the higher brain function and motor function, particularly finger movements (Chan, Haber, Drew, & Park, 2014). Task-based finger-tapping speed on a touchscreen device has been used as an assessment criterion to identify patients with deteriorating cognitive abilities (Gualtieri & Johnson, 2005; Cipriani, Bianchetti, & Trabucchi, 2006). As part of a larger project, we designed a computerized cognition intervention program and examined whether the intervention program would improve the finger-tapping speed of the dementia vis-à-vis the cognitively-healthy elderly. Ten mild-to-moderate dementia elderly (aged 83± 5.6) and 8 cognitively healthy elderly (aged 78±6.1) participated in a computerized intervention program where they played cognitive games on touch-screen tablet for about 30-45 minutes per session over two weeks. Participants’ touch interaction data over six sessions were collected and analyzed. Using a linear mixed-effect model for analysis, we found that in the 1st session, the touch performance of the dementia elderly was significantly worse than that of the cognitively-healthy elderly (b=-0.172, Z=-2.311, p&lt;.05). By the 6th session, the dementia elderly had significantly improved their touch performance (b=-0.171, Z= -8.042, p&lt;.001) such that their touch performance was now comparable to the cognitively-healthy elderly (b=-0.064, Z=-0.874, p=.393). Overall, our preliminary results suggested that after participating in 6 sessions of our computerized cognitive intervention program, the dementia elderly showed significant improvement in their fine motor movement as measured by their finger-tapping speed. The improved finger-tapping speed serves as a first step toward slowing down the cognitive decline of the dementia elderly.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MAINTAINING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR TRANSITIONS BETWEEN COGNITIVE STATES: A COORDINATED ANALYSIS
Authors: Yoneda Tomiko , Rush Jonathan , Lewis Nathan A , Knight Jamie E , Hyun Jinshil , Piccinin Andrea , Terrera Graciela Muniz 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although existing research shows that physical activity (PA) protects against cognitive decline, it is unclear if maintenance of PA throughout older adulthood influences the timing of onset or transitions through cognitive states. Further understanding of modifiable lifestyle factors that protect against cognitive changes characteristic of both normal aging and pathological aging, such as Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, is imperative. Data were drawn from fourteen longitudinal studies of aging from Europe and America (total N=53,069). Controlling for demographics and chronic conditions, multi-state models were independently fit between datasets to investigate the impact of PA (computed based on Metabolic Equivalent of Task Method) on the likelihood of transitioning through three cognitive states, while also accounting for death as a competing risk factor. Random effects meta-analysis of transition probabilities indicated that more PA was associated with a reduced risk of transitioning from normal cognition to mildly impaired cognition (HR=0.90, CI’s=0.84, 0.97, p=0.007) and death (HR=0.24, CI’s=0.06, 0.92, p=0.04), as well as an increased likelihood of transitioning from severe impairment back to mild impairment (HR=1.09, CI’s=1.01, 1.17, p=0.03). Engagement in national minimum recommendations for PA (~150 minutes/week) increased total life expectancy for 70 year old males and females by 4.08 and 5.47 years, respectively. These results suggest that engaging in at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week in older adulthood contributes to delays in onset of mild cognitive impairment, substantially increases life expectancy, and may also diminish the symptoms that contribute to poor cognitive performance at the severely impaired stage.
CORRELATION BETWEEN FRAILTY AND DNA DAMAGE IN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Mazzola Paolo , Bombelli Silvia , Grasselli Chiara , Bolognesi Maddalena , Antolini Laura , Cattoretti Giorgio , Annoni Giorgio , Perego Roberto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Frailty is an age-related syndrome characterized by a progressive impairment of multiple physiological systems and leading to poor clinical and functional outcomes. Our aim was to explore the DNA damage, as an effect of increased oxidative stress related to frailty, on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and circulating hematopoietic stem cells (cHSC). According to Fried’s operating definition of frailty, we enrolled three groups of subjects: frail seniors (age &gt;65 years, n=19), fit seniors (&gt;65 years, n= 16) and young controls (age 25-35 years, n=19). We carried out a comprehensive assessment and obtained 3 vials of whole blood for cells and plasma separation. We separated PBMC by Ficoll-Paque and stained with specific conjugated antibodies leucocyte lineage and HSC. We evaluated DNA damage by FACS detection of γ-H2AX in the total PBMC and cHSC subpopulation. We observed an increased percentage of cells, although not significant, with DNA damage in PBMC from frail seniors (0.70%) compared to fit seniors (0.37%) and young controls (0.13%). The percentage of cells with DNA damage in cHSC of frail seniors (2.97%) was higher compared to fit seniors (1.66%, not significant) and young controls (0.46%, statistically significant). Moreover, cHSC present the statistically higher amount of DNA damage, measured as fluorescence intensity, compared to fit seniors and young controls. cHSC from frail seniors show the highest total DNA damage, compared to fit seniors and young controls. This is probably linked to an increase of oxidative stress related to frailty, which we are going to analyze in the near future.
SHORT-TERM INTRAINDIVIDUAL DYNAMICS OF HEART RATE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Rush Jonathan , Yoneda Tomiko , Venditelli Rebecca , Knight Jamie E , Lewis Nathan A , Rast Philippe , Hofer Scott 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Short-term intraindividual variability in cognition can provide insights into the underlying processes that cannot be captured by only examining mean levels (MacDonald et al., 2003). This variability is often dependent on a number of individual or contextual characteristics. Thus, modeling the heterogeneity of the within-person variance and including meaningful covariates to account for why individuals are more variable on some occasions than others is an alternate way to understand process. The present study utilized a 14-day intensive measurement design to examine the effects of fluctuations in daily heart rate on variability in cognitive performance. Fifty-five older adults (Mage = 70.1 years) completed daily cognitive tasks and measures of well-being, while also wearing an accelerometer to capture physical activity, sleep, and continuous heart rate. Data were examined with a mixed effects location scale model (Hedeker et al., 2008; Rast et al., 2012), which incorporates both an individual’s measured level (location) and their variability around that level (scale). Both the location and the scale are permitted to be random such that on any given occasion an individual may deviate from their typical level and they may also deviate from their typical amount of variability. In this way, the location scale model allows for the heterogeneity of the variance in cognition to be modeled and accounted for with other covariates. Results revealed that there were significant amounts of variability in daily heart rate and cognition across 14 days. The impact of heart rate variability on cognitive performance will be discussed.
WHAT IS AGEISM?: A REVIEW AND ANALYTICAL CRITIQUE OF CURRENT MEASURES OF AGEISM
Authors: Lee Jerin , Wilson Jenna , Shook Natalie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The past two decades have been marked by a rapidly aging population in the U.S. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2018), making prejudicial attitudes toward older adults (i.e., ageism) and the impact of such attitudes more relevant. Understanding ageism is necessary to change institutionalized beliefs and reduce prejudice toward older adults. However, it requires the availability of valid and reliable measures of ageism. The purpose of the present research was to: (1) provide an analytical review of three existing self-report measures of ageism (i.e., Fabroni Scale of Ageism [FSA]; Relating to Older People Evaluation [ROPE]; Ambivalent Ageism Scale [AAS]); and (2) examine the reliability and convergent validity of these ageism measures. A total of 473 undergraduate students completed the FSA, ROPE, and AAS online. The results indicated that the FSA, subscales of the ROPE (i.e., positive and negative ageism), and subscales of the AAS (i.e., benevolent and hostile ageism) were generally positively associated with one another, with two exceptions. First, positive ageism was negatively correlated with the FSA. Second, positive ageism was not significantly correlated with hostile ageism. Importantly, there was notable variability in the magnitude of the correlations between the measures, as correlations were mostly weak to moderate in magnitude (rs ranged from -.13 to .65). These associations are below the recommended threshold of r = ±.70 for convergent validity (Carlson & Herdman, 2012), suggesting conceptual problems with current ageism measures as they do not appear to reflect a common construct, which has practical implications for future theoretical and empirical work.
AN ANALYSIS OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER CHINESE ADULTS
Authors: Pan Xi , Luo Ye 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that inflammatory markers may reflect cerebral disease mechanisms related to dementia. However, whether and how inflammation is associated with cognitive function in older Chinese is unknown. The current study is to analyze the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of chronic inflammation, and domain-specific cognitive function (i.e., mental status, memory, and overall cognition) among older adults aged 65 years and over in China. Data of the study (n=2,438) were selected from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and were analyzed using linear regression models. Results of the study show that for every 1.00 mg/L increase in CRP, the scores of mental status and overall cognition both decreases by 0.03 unit and higher levels of CRP are observed in men than women. The findings might be useful in interpreting the biological mechanisms of dementia and add value in dementia prevention and health promotion for the general older population.
PATHWAYS TO A GOOD LIFE? MULTIPLE SOCIAL ROLES IN ADULTHOOD AND MENTAL WELL-BEING IN LATER LIFE IN EUROPE
Authors: Deindl Christian , Engels Miriam 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The connection between employment, family life and health is well documented. Job demands and family obligations are divergent responsibilities and can be a constant source of conflict. The resulting role strain can have a long lasting impact on mental health. Using data from SHARE and ELSA, we take a life course perspective and look at patterns of employment history from the age of 25 to 40 combined with partnership and fertility history of 17,189 men and 23,266 women in 22 European countries. Sequence analysis combined with cluster analysis shows a clear picture of five dominant states in our sample: Stable work and family, stable work without family, working single parent, working childless couples, and being non employed. This pattern is similar for men and women. We use path models to distinguish the impact of childhood conditions on such life course patterns and the direct and indirect impact of employment and family life on mental health. Women who did not combine work and family roles, (work without family, family without work) reported higher levels of depression in comparison with women who combined work and family. Non-working women and single mothers also experienced indirect effects on depression through their economic situation. Unemployed men or men without family reported higher levels of depression. Unemployment and being a single father also have an indirect impact on depression via economic conditions and health. Moreover, such results also differ between countries, with lower employment rates reducing role strain for women, but not so for men.
ASSESSMENT OF A MICROPLATE SYSTEM FOR MEASURING INDIVIDUAL REAL-TIME RESPIRATION IN SMALL MODEL ORGANISMS OF AGING
Authors: Turner Ashley N , Hoffman Jessica M , Powell Mickie L , Sammy Melissa J , Moellering Douglas R , Nagy Tim R , Austad Steven N , Smith Daniel L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The ability to measure oxygen consumption rates of a living organism in real-time provides an indirect method of monitoring dynamic changes in metabolism reflecting organismal level mitochondrial function. In this study, we assessed the Loligo Systems microplate system for measuring individual respiration in small organisms. This included adult nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans, N2), zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio, AB), and adult fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster, w1118). Organisms were placed inside 80 µL glass chambers on a 24-well microplate atop a 24-channel optical fluorescence oxygen reading device. Adult nematodes and zebrafish embryos were in liquid culture, M9 buffer and egg water respectively, and the adult flies were in room air. The microplate and reader were placed inside an incubator for temperature control. A silicone gasket with a thin liner was used to seal the chambers. Reference standard oxygen consumption (respiration) of single and multiple adult nematodes (n=1–4 animals/well), zebrafish embryos (n=1–4 animals/well), and adult flies (n=1–2 animals/well) in the microplate system were achieved. Significant differences across numbers of animals/well and by sex were observed. Validation experiments of the oxygen consumption rates measured in C. elegans in parallel with Seahorse extracellular flux (XF) experiments are underway. The Loligo Systems microplate system offers a non-invasive, non-destructive method to measure real-time respiration in smaller organisms. These data provide preliminary evidence for utility of the system for a variety of biomedical applications that relate to organismal and mitochondrial function/dysfunction, including research in the basic biology of aging in these highly-utilized, pre-clinical, genetic model organisms.