bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Erythropoietin, IL-17A, and IFNγ as Potential Biomarkers of Motor Function Recovery in a Canine Model of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zhang Lijian , Zhuang Xiaoqing , Chen Yao , Niu Zhanfeng , Xia Hechun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disease for which an accurate, cost-effective prediction of motor function recovery is in pressing need. A plethora of neurochemical changes involved in the pathophysiological process of SCI may serve as a new source of biomarkers for patient outcomes. Five dogs were included in this study. We characterized the plasma cytokine profiles in acute phase (0, 1, and 3 days after SCI) and subacute phase (7, 14, and 21 days after SCI) with microarray analysis. The motor function recovery following SCI was monitored by Olby scores. The expression level of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, correlations with the Olby scores and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were performed. We identified 12 DEPs including 10 pro-inflammatory and 2 anti-inflammatory cytokines during the 21-day study period. Among those, the expression levels of erythropoietin (EPO), IL-17A, and IFNγ significantly correlated with the Olby scores withR2values of 0.870, 0.740, and 0.616, respectively. The results of the ROC analysis suggested that plasma EPO, IL-17A, and IFNγ exhibited a significant predictive power with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.656, 0.848, and 0.800 for EPO, IL-17A, and IFNγ, respectively. Our results provide a longitudinal description of the changes in plasma cytokine expression in the acute and subacute stages of canine SCI. These data reveal novel panels of inflammation-related cytokines which have the potential to be evaluated as biomarkers for predicting motor function prognosis after SCI.
Update of the recommendations for the determination of biomarkers in colorectal carcinoma: National Consensus of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Society of Pathology
Authors: García-Alfonso P. , García-Carbonero R. , García-Foncillas J. , Pérez-Segura P. , Salazar R. , Vera R. , Ramón y Cajal S. , Hernández-Losa J. , Landolfi S. , Musulén E. , Cuatrecasas M. , Navarro S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this update of the consensus of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica—SEOM) and the Spanish Society of Pathology (Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica—SEAP), advances in the analysis of biomarkers in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as susceptibility markers of hereditary CRC and molecular biomarkers of localized CRC are reviewed. Recently published information on the essential determination of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations and the convenience of determining the amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), the expression of proteins in the DNA repair pathway and the study of NTRK fusions are also evaluated. From the pathological point of view, the importance of analysing the tumour budding and poorly differentiated clusters, and its prognostic value in CRC is reviewed, as well as the impact of molecular lymph node analysis on lymph node staging in CRC. The incorporation of pan-genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and liquid biopsy in the clinical management of patients with CRC is also outlined. All these aspects are developed in this guide, which, like the previous one, will remain open to any necessary revision in the future.
Science, Sin, and Sexuality in Roman-Catholic Discourses in the German-Speaking Area, 1870s to 1930s
Authors: Horntrich Paul M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEven though there is a substantive body of research on the emergence of sexual science and the overall scientification of sexuality that in Europe took place around 1900, we lack studies that focus on Roman-Catholic responses. This article addresses this gap by analyzing the Roman-Catholic discourse on sexuality between the 1870s and 1930s in the German-speaking area. Investigating papal encyclicals, pastoral letters, prayer, devotion, and instruction booklets, this paper argues that Roman-Catholic authors adopted scientific rhetoric and argumentation patterns in order to justify the Catholic sexual morality anew under the conditions of a society that became increasingly secularized. This adoption changed the Catholic evaluation of sexuality itself as well: Originally seen as a phenomenon of personal moral conduct, sexuality’s societal and political importance in terms of a nation’s health was increasingly acknowledged since the outbreak of World War I. Scientific concepts of health and disease increasingly replaced the formerly all-pervading theological notion of sinfulness. Furthermore, the Catholic sexual discourse was markedly gendered. By primarily discussing female sexuality, Catholic authors hoped to support the traditional Catholic family ideal that had come under pressure due to the increased secularization of society.
Neurostimulation, doping, and the spirit of sport
Authors: Pugh Jonathan , Pugh Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is increasing interest in using neuro-stimulation devices to achieve an ergogenic effect in elite athletes. Although the World Anti-Doping Authority (WADA) does not currently prohibit neuro-stimulation techniques, a number of researchers have called on WADA to consider its position on this issue. Focusing on trans-cranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a case study of an imminent so-called ‘neuro-doping’ intervention, we argue that the emerging evidence suggests that tDCS may meet WADA’s own criteria (pertaining to safety, performance-enhancing effect, and incompatibility with the ‘spirit of sport’) for a method’s inclusion on its list of prohibited substances and methods. We begin by surveying WADA’s general approach to doping, and highlight important limitations to the current evidence base regarding the performance-enhancing effect of pharmacological doping substances. We then review the current evidence base for the safety and efficacy of tDCS, and argue that despite significant shortcomings, there may be sufficient evidence for WADA to consider prohibiting tDCS, in light of the comparable flaws in the evidence base for pharmacological doping substances. In the second half of the paper, we argue that the question of whether WADA ought to ban tDCS turns significantly on the question of whether it is compatible with the ‘spirit of sport’ criterion. We critique some of the previously published positions on this, and advocate our own sport-specific and application-specific approach. Despite these arguments, we finally conclude by suggesting that tDCS ought to be monitored rather than prohibited due to compelling non-ideal considerations.
The Centrality of Mindfulness-Related Meditations in Early Buddhist Discourse
Authors: Anālayo Bhikkhu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article surveys references to mindfulness-related meditations found in Pāli discourses in the first five chapters of the Majjhima-nikāya and their parallels, showing the ubiquity of a concern with contemplative practices in early Buddhist thought. Such concerns were, according to these texts, not confined to monastics, but also included lay practitioners. Overall, the impression emerges that meditation as a key element of early Buddhist thought stands within a wider doctrinal and even cosmological context.
Excess serum uric acid is associated with metabolic syndrome in obese adolescent patients
Authors: Foster Christy , Smith Loretta , Alemzadeh Ramin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity is a significant cause of morbidity in adolescents. Excess serum uric acid (SUA) has been associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) among adults. We evaluated the relationship among SUA and markers of insulin resistance (IR) and low-grade inflammation in obese adolescents with and without MS.

Methods
The study was a retrospective chart review of obese patients seen in the LeBonheur Endocrine clinic seen in clinic between September 2016 and December 2017. MS was defined as according to the International Diabetes Federation. Body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body composition, fasting lipids, glucose, high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum uric acid (SUA), HbA1c, alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were extracted from the charts of the 100 obese adolescents (57% female).

Results
Hyperuricemia (SUA >357 umol/L) was present in 41.8% of entire cohort without significant ethnic/racial and/or gender differences. Adolescents with HUA had higher FM, SBP, HbA1c, insulin and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05). While SUA was positively correlated with FM, SBP, HOMA-IR and HbA1c, and triglyceride:HDL-C ratio (TG:HDL-C) (p < 0.05). MS was identified in 32.8% of cohort. MS showed significantly higher FM, SBP, DBP, SUA, ALT, insulin, HOMA-IR, and TG:HDL-c ratio than non-MS subgroup (p < 0.05). FM was positively correlated with SUA, HOMA-IR and hsCRP (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
In our study, those with hyperuricemia (HUA) showed elevated markers of metabolic syndrome including BP, serum glucoses, IR and triglycerides. In our cohort, SUA appears to correlate with MS comorbidities.
Design and Investigation of a Touch Gesture for Dividing in a Virtual Manipulative Model for Equation-solving
Authors: Janßen Thomas , Vallejo-Vargas Estela , Bikner-Ahsbahs Angelika , Reid David A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhysical models for equation solving typically lack feedback regarding their appropriate use. Such feedback is possible in virtual environments and could be implemented in hybrid models. Based on an epistemological analysis, this article presents a touch gesture as a way for users to signal they want to divide both sides of an equation and a design for feedback on the use of this so-called ‘division gesture’. The design is investigated by contrasting a case study, in which students used an app with the division gesture, with a preparatory study where students had to perform corresponding actions on physical manipulatives. This investigation revealed insight into feedback functions, steps of understanding dividing with this touch gesture and, furthermore, showed problems that students have with the boundary case where the dividend is 0. The study informs possible improvements of the design of the division gesture and of the overall learning environment. The results are reflected on, in order to illuminate known problems of learning how to solve linear equations, and theorized to contribute to the wider discussion around the design of digital and physical manipulatives, in particular the design of modes of interaction enabled by new technologies.
Deep-Aligned Convolutional Neural Network for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition and Segmentation
Authors: Hosseini Babak , Montagne Romain , Hammer Barbara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) are deep learning frameworks which are well known for their notable performance in classification tasks. Hence, many skeleton-based action recognition and segmentation (SBARS) algorithms benefit from them in their designs. However, a shortcoming of such applications is the general lack of spatial relationships between the input features in such data types. Besides, non-uniform temporal scalings are a common issue in skeleton-based data streams which leads to having different input sizes even within one specific action category. In this work, we propose a novel deep-aligned convolutional neural network (DACNN) to tackle the above challenges for the particular problem of SBARS. Our network is designed by introducing a new type of filters in the context of CNNs which are trained based on their alignments to the local subsequences in the inputs. These filters result in efficient predictions as well as learning interpretable patterns in the data. Also, our DACNN framework can incrementally expand its deep structure based on the learning progress, which makes it flexible regarding different SBARS datasets. We empirically evaluate our framework on real-world benchmarks showing that the proposed DACNN algorithm obtains a competitive performance compared to the state of the art while benefiting from a less complicated yet more interpretable model.
COVID-19 Super-spreaders: Definitional Quandaries and Implications
Authors: Cave Emma 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUncertainty around the role ‘super-spreaders’ play in the transmission and escalation of infectious disease is compounded by its broad and vague definition. It is a term that has been much used in relation to COVID-19, particularly in social media. On its widest definition, it refers to a propensity to infect a larger than average number of people. Given the biological, behavioural and environmental variables relevant to infectivity, this might be pertinent to almost any infected individual who is not physically isolated from others. Nor is the term confined to individuals with a propensity to spread infectious disease: it can potentially be used to describe events, policies or settings. This article explores the use of the term and considers circumstances in which the wide definition can be problematic. One problem is that it can lead to undeserved apportionment of moral blame to alleged super-spreaders. Another is that it can detract from scientific investigation of the heterogeneity of COVID-19 transmission. The author calls for a clearer epidemiological definition.
‘What is Inconvenient for You is Life-saving for Me’: How Health Inequities are playing out during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Xafis Vicki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact globally. Most affected, however, are those individuals and groups routinely disadvantaged by the social injustice created by the misdistribution of power, money, and resources. Simple measures that prevent the spread of COVID-19, such as frequent hand washing and social distancing, are unavailable to millions of people in the wealthiest of nations and in the poorest of nations. Disadvantaged groups are impacted more directly and in disproportionately higher numbers due to existing poor health, and the disruption of services central to securing an income and an education will have lasting consequences for their futures. The unintended effect of exclusionary government policies is that privileged citizens and healthcare systems are also at greater risk. This paper seeks to highlight the impact of COVID-19 on those already suffering health inequities through consideration of some of the social determinants of health on groups in affluent and poorer nations. It also highlights some of the factors that may assist in tackling health inequities as we emerge from this pandemic.
Mental Health First Aid in the UK: how important is First Aid when Professional Mental Health Services are in dire straits?
Authors: Mantzios Michail , Egan Helen , Cook Amy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMental Health First Aid (MHFA) has become a trend that is taking over the medical and mental health world. While there are several manuscripts that are exemplifying the benefits of MHFA, the implications for people who undergo the MHFA training, for mental health services and medical and non-medical professions devoted to mental healthcare, have been ignored. In this short communication, we are arguing against MHFA not because we believe that the scheme is not beneficial, but more as a critical reflection as to where MHFA should stand in the mental health world, and how it should serve the people as a community investment company.
Sensitivity of Shelf Sea Marine Ecosystems to Temporal Resolution of Meteorological Forcing
Authors: Powley Helen R. , Bruggeman Jorn , Hopkins Jo , Smyth Tim , Blackford Jerry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhytoplankton phenology and the length of the growing season have implications that cascade through trophic levels and ultimately impact the global carbon flux to the seafloor. Coupled hydrodynamic‐ecosystem models must accurately predict timing and duration of phytoplankton blooms in order to predict the impact of environmental change on ecosystem dynamics. Meteorological conditions, such as solar irradiance, air temperature, and wind speed are known to strongly impact the timing of phytoplankton blooms. Here, we investigate the impact of degrading the temporal resolution of meteorological forcing (wind, surface pressure, air, and dew point temperatures) from 1–24 hr using a 1‐D coupled hydrodynamic‐ecosystem model at two contrasting shelf‐sea sites: one coastal intermediately stratified site (L4) and one offshore site with constant summer stratification (CCS). Higher temporal resolutions of meteorological forcing resulted in greater wind stress acting on the sea surface increasing water column turbulent kinetic energy. Consequently, the water column was stratified for a smaller proportion of the year, producing a delayed onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom by up to 6 days, often earlier cessation of the autumn bloom, and shortened growing season of up to 23 days. Despite opposing trends in gross primary production between sites, a weakened microbial loop occurred with higher meteorological resolution due to reduced dissolved organic carbon production by phytoplankton caused by differences in resource limitation: light at CCS and nitrate at L4. Caution should be taken when comparing model runs with differing meteorological forcing resolutions. Recalibration of hydrodynamic‐ecosystem models may be required if meteorological resolution is upgraded.
Monthly and Episodic Dynamics of Summer Circulation in Lake Michigan
Authors: Mao Miaohua , Xia Meng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of lake circulation is fundamental to inform better management of ecological issues and fishery resources in the Great Lakes. In this study, a high‐resolution, wave‐current coupled, three‐dimensional modeling system was applied to investigate the monthly and episodic dynamics of summer circulation in Lake Michigan. Model sensitivities to three wind sources and two grid resolutions against observed current velocities, water temperatures, and significant wave heights in the summer of 2014 were examined. Model performance was validated with additional satellite imageries and current measurements in the summer of 2015. Results indicated that the high‐resolution model driven by the observation‐based winds reproduced lake dynamics most reasonably. In July 2014, a pair of monthly averaged anticyclonic (i.e., clockwise) gyres in the surface layer were simulated in southern Lake Michigan. Analysis indicates that they originate from the wind‐driven, upwelling‐favorable, jet‐like Ekman currents along the west shore, which are connected by the density‐driven basin‐scale circulation. Although river inputs, strait exchanges, waves, grid resolutions, and bathymetric variations influence the monthly surface circulation, their effects are less important than the wind and density‐driven currents. Additional simulations support the predominant impacts of wind and density‐driven currents on lake surface circulation during a strong wind event. Further investigations suggest that lake circulation varies from surface to bottom layers, and this knowledge is significant to the related ecological issues and fishery resources management. The numerical model configured to Lake Michigan is beneficial to understanding dynamics in the Great Lakes system and other large water bodies.
Intensification of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Since 1870: Implications and Possible Causes
Authors: Si Dong , Jiang Dabang , Wang Huijun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) acts as a key source of multidecadal variability and plays an important role in climate change in many regions of the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in great social and economic impacts. This paper shows that, since the late 19th century, the AMV has experienced a significant increasing trend. The AMV intensified at a rate of 0.0040°C per decade from 1870 to 2014, which is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. The AMV teleconnects the amplified signal from the North Atlantic across the Eurasian continent to North America through a circumglobal teleconnection pattern, which further intensifies the regional climate variability and climate extremes in North Africa, Europe, East Asia, and North America. Results from the single‐forcing and all‐but‐one‐forcing experiments of the Community Earth System Model, version 1, indicate that anthropogenic aerosol emissions have played a more important role in the AMV intensification compared to other external forcings, especially during the period from the 1900s to 1990s.
Phytoplankton Community Structure at Subsurface Chlorophyll Maxima on the Western Arctic Shelf: Patterns, Causes, and Ecological Importance
Authors: Zhuang Yanpei , Jin Haiyan , Chen Jianfang , Ren Jian , Zhang Yang , Lan Musheng , Zhang Tianzhen , He Jianfeng , Tian Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSubsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) layers are becoming more important to the Arctic shelf ecosystem as phytoplankton growing season and ice‐free water increase. We measured size‐fractionated pigments and environmental variables on the western Arctic shelf during the open‐water season in 2014, to study the spatial pattern and mechanisms of the phytoplankton community at the SCM. The SCM layers accumulated approximately 50% of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) standing stock in the water column, and the contribution increased to >70% for high‐biomass areas, suggesting the biological importance of the summer SCM in the shelf ecosystem. The spatial difference in phytoplankton biomass was caused mainly by bioavailable nitrogen concentrations, and the spatial difference in diatom size may be the result of differences in predominant species. High biomass and large diatoms dominated in the SCM layers, making the south and north of the Chukchi shelf a biological hotspot for the ecosystem's food chain and benthos of the western Arctic shelf in summer.
Assimilation of GNSS Measurements for Estimation of High‐Latitude Convection Processes
Authors: Miladinovich Daniel S. , Datta‐Barua Seebany , López Rubio Aurora , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Bust Gary S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGeomagnetic storms produce significant electrodynamics at midlatitudes. Strong ion convection can affect thermospheric neutral wind motion. The converse is also true, such that both fields and winds can drive ionospheric plasma movement. This work adjusts a background modeled high‐latitude electrostatic potential to estimate the storm time electric field based on data‐derived plasma densities and measurements of neutral wind. Electron densities are derived from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) total electron content measurements using Ionospheric Data Assimilation Four‐Dimensional (IDA4D). These are input to Estimating Model Parameters from Ionospheric Reverse Engineering (EMPIRE) to estimate electric potential corrections to the background Weimer 2000 potential model. The EMPIRE basis functions for electric potential are spherical harmonics in dipole magnetic colatitude and longitude, enforced to be constant along a magnetic field line. For the 17 March 2015 storm, EMPIRE electric potential produces westward zonal ion drifts that more closely agree with incoherent scatter radar (ISR) measurements made at Millstone Hill than the background Weimer 2000 model alone, when electric potential and meridional neutral winds are both corrected. Additionally ingesting northward line‐of‐sight neutral wind measurements from a Fabry‐Perot interferometer at Millstone Hill makes little difference in the agreement between zonal ion drift predictions and measurements. Estimation of only electric potential reduces the agreement between the assimilated prediction of the field‐perpendicular zonal drifts and ISR measurements significantly.