bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Cirrhosis Reduces Gut Microbial Antibiotic Resistance Genes: Analysis of Two Trials
Authors: Bajaj Jasmohan S. , Shamsaddini Amirhossein , Fagan Andrew , Sterling Richard K. , Gavis Edith , Khoruts Alexander , Fuchs Michael , Lee Hannah , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Gillevet Patrick M. 
Published: November 2020

Fecal transplant is associated with reduction in the expression of antibiotic-resistance genes in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Genes focused on beta-lactamase and vancomycin resistance reduced after fecal transplant regardless of pre-procedure antibiotics and concurrent use of lactulose, rifaximin or PPIs.
Antibiotic resistance leads to poor outcomes in cirrhosis. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is associated with reduction in antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) burden in patients without cirrhosis; however, the impact in cirrhosis is unclear. We aimed to study the effect of capsule and enema FMT on ARG abundance in fecal samples, which were collected during two published FMT trials in patients with cirrhosis on rifaximin, lactulose, and proton pump inhibitors. ARGs were identified using metagenomics and mapped against the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database. Changes in ARG abundance were studied within/between groups. The capsule FMT trial involved a one-time FMT or placebo capsule administration with stool collection at baseline and week 4 postintervention. Antibiotics+enema FMT included preprocedure antibiotics followed by FMT enema versus standard-of-care (SOC). Stool was collected at baseline, postantibiotics, and day 7/15 postintervention. Both trials included 20 patients each. There was no safety/infection signal linked to FMT. In the capsule trial, beta-lactamase (OXY/LEN) expression decreased post-FMT versus baseline. Compared to placebo, patients who were post-FMT had lower abundance of vancomycin (VanH), beta-lactamase (ACT), and rifamycin ARGs; the latter was associated with cognitive improvement. No changes were seen within patients treated with placebo. In the antibiotics+enema trial for postantibiotics at day 7 versus baseline, there was an increase in vancomycin and beta-lactamase ARGs, which decreased at day 15. However, quinolone resistance increased at day 15 versus baseline. Between SOC and FMT, day 7 had largely lower ARG (CfxA beta-lactamase, VanW, and VanX) that continued at day 15 (cepA beta-lactamase, VanW). No changes were seen within the SOC group. Conclusion: Despite differences in routes of administration and preintervention antibiotics, we found that ARG abundance is largely reduced after FMT compared to pre-FMT baseline and non-FMT groups in decompensated cirrhosis.
Multiomic analysis identifies natural intrapatient temporal variability and changes in response to systemic corticosteroid therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hoggard Michael , Jacob Bincy , Wheeler David , Zoing Melissa , Chang Kevin , Biswas Kristi , Middleditch Martin , Douglas Richard G. , Taylor Michael W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe pathophysiology and temporal dynamics of affected tissues in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remain poorly understood. Here, we present a multiomics‐based time‐series assessment of nasal polyp biopsies from three patients with CRS, assessing natural variability over time and local response to systemic corticosteroid therapy.MethodsPolyp tissue biopsies were collected at three time points over two consecutive weeks. Patients were prescribed prednisone (30 mg daily) for 1 week between Collections 2 and 3. Polyp transcriptome, proteome, and microbiota were assessed via RNAseq, SWATH mass spectrometry, and 16S ribosomal RNA and ITS2 amplicon sequencing. Baseline interpatient variability, natural intrapatient variability over time, and local response to systemic corticosteroids, were investigated.ResultsOverall, the highly abundant transcripts and proteins were associated with pathways involved in inflammation, FAS, cadherin, integrin, Wnt, apoptosis, and cytoskeletal signaling, as well as coagulation and B‐ and T‐cell activation. Transcripts and proteins that naturally varied over time included those involved with inflammation‐ and epithelial–mesenchymal transition‐related pathways, and a number of common candidate target biomarkers of CRS. Ten transcripts responded significantly to corticosteroid therapy, including downregulation of TNF, CCL20, and GSDMA, and upregulation of OVGP1, and PCDHGB1. Members of the bacterial genus Streptococcus positively correlated with immunoglobulin proteins IGKC and IGHG1.ConclusionsUnderstanding natural dynamics of CRS‐associated tissues is essential to provide baseline context for all studies on putative biomarkers, mechanisms, and subtypes of CRS. These data further our understanding of the natural dynamics within nasal polypoid tissue, as well as local changes in response to systemic corticosteroid therapy.
NAD(P)‐dependent steroid dehydrogenase‐like protein and neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 serve as novel markers for early detection of gastric cancer identified using quantitative proteomics
Authors: Xiao Yang , Xie Jiebin , Liu Lan , Huang Wentao , Han Qiang , Qin Jiayi , Liu Shunying , Jiang Zhen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to identify novel GC biomarkers by integrating isobaric tags of relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) for aberrantly expressed proteins in GC patients.MethodsUsing stable isotope tags, we labeled an initial discovery group comprising four paired gastric cancer and adjacent gastric tissue samples, and subjected them to LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. We used a validation set comprising 129 paired gastric cancer and adjacent gastric tissues from patients and benign healthy controls to validate the candidate targets.ResultsWe identified two proteins, NAD(P)‐dependent steroid dehydrogenase‐like (NSDHL) and neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (NCEH1), that were significantly overexpressed in GC tissues. The sensitivity and specificity of NSDHL were 80.6% and 74.4%, respectively, in GC compared with a sensitivity of 25.6% in adjacent tissues and 24% in benign healthy controls. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for NSDHL was 0.810 for GC detection. Overexpression of NSDHL in GC was significantly correlated with local tumor invasion. The sensitivity and specificity of NCEH1 were 77.5% and 73.6%, respectively, in GC compared with a sensitivity of 26.4% in adjacent tissues and 20% in benign controls. The AUC for NSDHL was 0.792. Overexpression of NCEH1 was significantly associated with tumor histological classification and local invasion. Moreover, a combined analysis of NSDHL and NCEH1 achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 83%, respectively, and the AUC was 0.872. The combined analysis of NSDHL and NCEH1 was significantly correlated with histological grade and TNM Ⅱ‐Ⅳ staging.ConclusionsiTRAQ‐labeled quantitative proteomics represents a powerful method to identify novel cancer biomarkers. The present study identified NSDHL and NCEH1 as useful biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.
Social media as a learning tool: Dental students’ perspectives
Authors: Rajeh Mona T. , Sembawa Shahinaz N. , Nassar Afnan A. , Al Hebshi Seba A. , Aboalshamat Khalid T. , Badri Mohammed K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored the perceptions of dental students in Saudi Arabia for implementing social media as an educational tool.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among dental students in 3 governmental dental schools in the western region of Saudi Arabia. A validated questionnaire was used to explore social media use and student perceptions on the advantages and disadvantages of implementing social media in dental education. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's’ χ2, Kruskal‐Wallis, and Fishers’ exact tests were used for data analysis.ResultsThe survey included 1034 students from third to sixth year and dental interns. WhatsApp was the most used social media platform (97.5%), followed by Snapchat (90.5%), Twitter (85.2%), and Instagram (83.4%). Social media was used for entertainment (81.4%), dental learning (70.8%), searching for general information (63.3%), exchanging general ideas (63.1%), and community general discussion (55.8%). The predominant advantages of using social media in learning were assistance in gaining more information on different subjects, making education more engaging, affording a better chance to access new resources, improving the ability for creativity and innovation, and improving research skills. In contrast, the predominant disadvantages were distraction from studying, increasing addictive potential, increased time spent, and concerns over no direct contact with the instructors.ConclusionThe present findings suggest that students report social media can be a valuable learning tool in dental education if appropriately used. A proper understanding of social media and its usefulness in supporting learning can benefit both students and faculty members.
Thermal, morphological, and spectral changes after Er, Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at low fluences on primary teeth for caries prevention
Authors: Erkmen Almaz Merve , Ulusoy Nur Burcu , Akbay Oba Aylin , Erdem Ümit , Doğan Mustafa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the temperature increase in the pulp chamber and possible thermal effects on molecular structure of primary teeth during the irradiation with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Primary central incisors were divided into three groups (n = 20). Labial surfaces in each group were irradiated by Er,Cr:YSGG laser within different power and frequencies as following groups: I: 0.25 W, 20 Hz, II: 0.50 W, 20 Hz, III: 0.75 W, 20 Hz. A thermocouple was placed inside the pulp chamber so that the temperature increments were recorded during the enamel irradiation. Morphological changes of enamel surfaces were experimentally evaluated by SEM. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and RAMAN analyses were carried out to determine the differentiations in the molecular structure. The experimental results obtained were analyzed statistically by means of one‐way analysis of variance. Statistically significant differences were detected between groups (p < .05). Group III exhibited the highest values for the temperature parameters. Besides, the conical craters, cracks, and formation of ablation areas were observed for all the groups. Also, it was obtained that the hydroxyapatite lost the hydroxyl ions due to the thermal effect of the laser. Temperature rise throughout the Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation for prevention of primary enamel demineralization presented a positive correlation with the laser output power level. The formations of adverse morphological and spectral changes were detected on the surface of teeth after the laser application. On this basis, the Er,Cr:YSGG laser applications should be treated with much more caution considering enamel surface and pulpal tissues in primary teeth.
Synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles: A review
Authors: Sikandar Sana , Zahoor Ameer Fawad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne‐pot synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivatives via two or multicomponent condensation of β‐ketoesters, hydrazine monohydrate/phenyl hydrazine, malononitrile, and substituted benzaldehydes is of great interest not only in synthetic chemistry but also in medicinal chemistry because of the tremendous biological activities, such as anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibitory activities exhibited by pyranopyrazoles. This review provides extensive knowledge on novel synthetic methodologies of biologically active non‐spiro/spiro‐pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivatives published recently.
One‐pot synthesis of spiro‐acridine/indoline and indoline derivatives using (MWCNTs)‐COOH/La2O3 hybrid as an effective catalyst
Authors: Abdoli Mahshid , Nami Navabeh , Hossaini Zinatossadat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpiro‐acridine/indoline and indoline derivatives were synthesized by the three‐component reaction of isatin, dimedone, and amines or amino acids in the presence of acid‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes/La2O3 (MWCNTs)‐COOH/La2O3 hybrid (5 mol%) as a highly efficient catalyst in ethanol. The assigned structure was further established by CHN analysis, NMR, and FTIR spectra. (MWCNTs)‐COOH/La2O3 was fabricated by the reaction of functionalized (MWCNTs)‐COOH and La(NO3)3.6H2O in acetic acid. Synthesis of La2O3 nanoparticles and their conjugation on the surface of MWCNT have been confirmed by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy.
Detecting Task Functional MRI Activation Using the Multiband Multiecho (MBME) Echo‐Planar Imaging (EPI) Sequence
Authors: Cohen Alexander D. , Jagra Amritpal S. , Yang Baolian , Fernandez Brice , Banerjee Suchandrima , Wang Yang 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundBlood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) has been widely applied to detect brain activations. Recent advances in multiband (MB) and multiecho (ME) techniques have greatly improved fMRI methods. MB imaging improves temporal and/or spatial resolution, while ME imaging has been shown to improve BOLD sensitivity. This study aimed to evaluate the novel MBME echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence utilizing MB and ME simultaneously to determine if the MBME outperform the MB single echo (MBSE) sequence for task fMRI.PurposeTo compare the performance of MBME with MBSE in a task fMRI study.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 29 healthy volunteers aged 20–46 years (9 male, 20 female).Field Strength/SequenceMBSE and MBME gradient‐echo EPI sequences were applied at 3T. Additional T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo (MPRAGE) was collected.AssessmentA checkerboard visual task was presented during the functional MBSE and MBME scans. The MBME or MBSE signal was evaluated using the temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR). Task activation was evaluated using the z‐score, volume, sensitivity, and specificity. Test–retest metrics of task activation were examined with the Dice coefficient (DC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) on subjects with repeated scans.Statistical TestsA linear mixed‐effects model was used to compared MBME and MBSE activation at the voxel base. The paired t‐test was used to compare tSNR, activation z‐score, and volume, along with sensitivity, specificity, and DC between MBSE and MBME.ResultsWhile similar task activation was detected in the visual cortex, MBME showed higher activation volume and higher sensitivity compared with MBSE (P < 0.05). ICC was higher for MBME than MBSE, while there was a trend of differences in DC (P = 0.08).Data ConclusionMBME resulted in higher task fMRI activation volume and sensitivity without losing specificity. Reliability was also higher for MBME scans compared with MBSE.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1
Effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol on hippocampal expression of glutamate homeostasis and astrocyte‐neuronal tethering proteins in male and female rats
Authors: Healey Kati L. , Kibble Sandra , Bell Amelia , Hodges Sierra , Swartzwelder H. Scott 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdolescent alcohol drinking is widely recognized as a significant public health problem, and evidence is accumulating that sufficient levels of consumption during this critical period of brain development have an enduring impact on neural and behavioral function. Recent studies have indicated that adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure alters astrocyte function, astrocyte–neuronal interactions, and related synaptic regulation and activity. However, few of those studies have included female animals, and a broader assessment of AIE effects on the proteins mediating astrocyte‐mediated glutamate dynamics and synaptic function is needed. We measured synaptic membrane expression of several such proteins in the dorsal and ventral regions of the hippocampal formation (DH, VH) from male and female rats exposed to AIE or adolescent intermittent water. In the DH, AIE caused elevated expression of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT‐1) in both males and females, elevated postsynaptic density 95 expression in females only, and diminished NMDA receptor subunit 2A expression in males only. AIE and sex interactively altered ephrin receptor A4 (EphA4) expression in the DH. In the VH, AIE elevated expression of the cystine/glutamate antiporter and the glutamate aspartate transporter 1 (GLAST) in males only. Compared to males, female animals expressed lower levels of GLT‐1 in the DH and greater levels of ephrin receptor B6 (EphB6) in the VH, in the absence of AIE effects. These results support the growing literature indicating that adolescent alcohol exposure produces long‐lasting effects on astrocyte function and astrocyte‐neuronal interactions. The sex and subregion specificity of these effects have mechanistic implications for our understanding of AIE effects generally.
Comparisons on characteristics and mechanisms of the decadal megadroughts over eastern China between MCA and LIA
Authors: Xue Jiao , Ning Liang , Qin Yanmin , Chen Kefan , Yan Mi , Liu Jian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, simulations of 13 all‐forcing experiments from the Community Earth System Model Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM‐LME) archive were used to investigate the different spatiotemporal characteristics and corresponding mechanisms of the decadal megadroughts over the eastern China during two typical periods in the past millennium, that is, Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA). The results show that there is no significant difference in either megadrought intensity or duration between the MCA and LIA, but there are significant differences in the megadrought frequencies. The frequency of megadroughts during the MCA is 1.44 times/hundred years, compared with 1.69 times/hundred years in LIA. Results from solar only sensitivity experiments and volcanic only sensitivity experiments show that this difference is mainly induced by the solar radiation. The mechanism analyses show that a spatial pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) resembling the positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)‐like pattern have occurred simultaneously with the megadroughts during both the MCA and LIA. While, the megadroughts in MCA are strongly correlated with the strong PDO‐like SSTA patterns, and the megadroughts in LIA are strongly correlated with the weak PDO‐like SSTA patterns. In addition, the anomalous sea level pressure (SLP) field and wind field associate with the megadroughts during the MCA and LIA are consistent with the strengths of SSTA, with significant larger SLP and wind anomalies during the MCA than those during the LIA. Therefore, it can be concluded that the responses of the large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns to SSTA are similar during these two typical periods, and the difference in the megadrought frequencies is due to the nonlinear response of the precipitation variability to the large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns.
Simultaneous determination of capsid proteins in nine‐valent human papilloma virus vaccines by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Long Zhen , Nie Jianhui , Li Xiuling , Li Xiaoyu , Huang Weijin , Li Changkun , Li Yueqi , Huang Taohong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to determine nine types of capsid proteins simultaneously in nine‐valent human papillomavirus vaccines. Signature peptides were optimized in terms of specificity, repeatability, determination accuracy and sensitivity. As a result, three signature peptides per capsid protein were obtained. The linear calibration curves were achieved in the range of 11.6–373.6 nmol/L (R2 > 0.998). Compared to our previous liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method, the current method was more sensitive (3.18‐fold) and it can be used for quality evaluation of nine‐valent human papillomavirus vaccines, unlike the previous method, which could only be used for bivalent human papillomavirus vaccines. Then, they were utilized to determine nine types of capsid proteins in nine‐valent human papillomavirus vaccines from four different manufactures. Intraday and interday precision values for the determination of capsid proteins in nine‐valent human papillomavirus vaccines were less than 6.8 and 9.1%, respectively. Recovery rates of all capsid proteins investigated were in the range of 80–120%. In addition, the current assay was used for determination of free capsid protein in nine‐valent human papilloma virus vaccines, and the results were used to evaluate the adsorption rate of the adjuvant.
Parosmia is Associated with Relevant Olfactory Recovery After Olfactory Training
Authors: Liu David T. , Sabha Maha , Damm Michael , Philpott Carl , Oleszkiewicz Anna , Hähner Antje , Hummel Thomas 
Published: November 2020

Objective/HypothesisThis study aims to determine the association between parosmia and clinically relevant recovery of olfactory function in patients with post‐infectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) receiving olfactory training.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients with PIOD that received olfactory training. Adult patients with the major complaint of quantitative smell loss were recruited and treated at several ENT clinics in German between 2008 and 2018. The outcome was based on the association between smell‐loss related factors (including parosmia and phantosmia) and clinically relevant changes in overall and subdimension olfactory function of threshold, discrimination, and identification using binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 153 participants with PIOD were included. Clinically relevant improvements in overall olfactory function were more likely in those that had lower baseline olfactory function. Relevant improvements in discrimination function were more likely in those that had lower baseline olfactory function and those that had parosmia at the initial visit. Similarly, relevant improvements in odor identification were more likely in those that had a lower baseline olfactory function and in those who had parosmia at the first visit. Clinically significant improvements in odor threshold were more likely in those who were older in age.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the presence of parosmia is associated with clinically relevant recovery in olfactory discrimination and identification function in patients with PIOD receiving olfactory training.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:618–623, 2021