bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher turnover: What can we learn from Europe?
Authors: Federičová Miroslava 
Published: December 2020

AbstractShortages of qualified teachers in primary and secondary education are very common in almost all European countries and in the US. Since high quality teachers are usually the most likely to leave, much attention has been focused on teacher turnover; retaining the best teachers can help to ameliorate teacher shortages. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), this paper examines the rates and characteristics of teacher turnover across European countries. Though the numerical rates of teacher turnover have followed similar patterns, countries are very individual in other respects, including the types of positions teachers hold and how they are appraised. Moreover, from the early 1990s, Eastern European countries experienced economic transitions that have influenced teacher mobility in the long term. Thanks to SHARE, we can study the occupational trajectories of respondents in nineteen European countries. By identifying those who changed their occupation, we can learn more about teacher turnover, its characteristics across Europe and how it has been affected by economic and political transition.
Long‐term seizure outcome during continuous bipolar hippocampal deep brain stimulation in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with or without mesial temporal sclerosis: An observational, open‐label study
Authors: Cukiert Arthur , Cukiert Cristine Mella , Burattini Jose Augusto , Mariani Pedro Paulo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe present the findings related to seizure outcome during hippocampal deep brain stimulation (Hip‐DBS) in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy.MethodsTwenty‐five patients submitted to Hip‐DBS were studied. All patients were evaluated with interictal and ictal electroencephalography (EEG) and high‐resolution 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The hippocampus was targeted directly on MRI using a posterior occipital burr hole approach. Bipolar continuous stimulation was ramped up until 3.0 V (300 µs, 130 Hz). Patients were considered responders if at least 50% seizure frequency reduction was obtained.ResultsMedian age was 39 years; median follow‐up time was 57 months (16 women). All patients had focal with impaired awareness seizure (FIAS) and 23 patients had focal aware seizure (FAS). Baseline median FAS and FIAS frequency was 8. Ictal EEG showed unilateral (n = 10) or bilateral (n = 15) seizure onset. MRI showed unilateral (n = 11) or bilateral (n = 8) mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and was normal in six6 patients. Fifteen patients were submitted to bilateral and 10 patients to unilateral Hip‐DBS. Median reduction in FAS frequency was 66%. Eighteen patients with FAS were considered responders and five (21%) were free of FAS. Median FIAS frequency (n = 25) reduction was 91%. Twenty‐two patients were considered responders and eight (32%) were free of FIAS. FIAS were significantly more reduced then FAS (P = .017). There was no relation between any contact’s position within the hippocampus and outcome for either FAS (P = .727) or FIAS (P = .410). There was no difference in outcome in patients submitted to either unilateral or bilateral Hip‐DBS regarding FAS (P = .978) or FIAS (P = .693).SignificanceHip‐DBS significantly reduced the frequency of both FAS and FIAS in this cohort of patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Hip‐DBS might represent a good therapeutic option in such patients not amenable to resective surgery.
Seizure control, stress, and access to care during the COVID‐19 pandemic in New York City: The patient perspective
Authors: Rosengard Jillian L. , Donato Jad , Ferastraoaru Victor , Zhao Dan , Molinero Isaac , Boro Alexis , Gursky Jonathan , Correa Daniel José , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Hung Christine , Legatt Alan D. , Patel Puja , Rubens Elayna , Moshé Solomon L. , Haut Sheryl 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveOur epilepsy population recently experienced the acute effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic in New York City. Herein, we aimed to determine patient‐perceived seizure control during the surge, specific variables associated with worsened seizures, the prevalence of specific barriers to care, and patient‐perceived efficacy of epilepsy care delivered via telephone and live video visits during the pandemic.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional questionnaire study of adult epilepsy patients who had a scheduled appointment at a single urban Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (Montefiore Medical Center) between March 1, 2020 and May 31, 2020 during the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Bronx. Subjects able to answer the questionnaire themselves in English or Spanish were eligible to complete a one‐time survey via telephone or secure online platform (REDCap).ResultsOf 1212 subjects screened, 675 were eligible, and 177 adequately completed the questionnaire. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, 75.1% of patients reported no change in seizure control, whereas 17.5% reported that their seizure control had worsened, and 7.3% reported improvement. Subjects who reported worsened seizure control had more frequent seizures at baseline, were more likely to identify stress and headaches/migraines as their typical seizure precipitants, and were significantly more likely to report increased stress related to the pandemic. Subjects with confirmed or suspected COVID‐19 did not report worsened seizure control. Nearly 17% of subjects reported poorer epilepsy care, and 9.6% had difficulty obtaining their antiseizure medications; these subjects were significantly more likely to report worse seizure control.SignificanceOf the nearly 20% of subjects who reported worsened seizure control during the COVID‐19 pandemic, stress and barriers to care appear to have posed the greatest challenge. This unprecedented pandemic exacerbated existing and created new barriers to epilepsy care, which must be addressed.
Cross‐linking mass spectrometry reveals the structural topology of peripheral NuRD subunits relative to the core complex
Authors: Spruijt Cornelia G. , Gräwe Cathrin , Kleinendorst Simone C. , Baltissen Marijke P. A. , Vermeulen Michiel 
Published: December 2020

The multi‐subunit nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex consists of seven subunits, each of which comprises two or three paralogs in vertebrates. These paralogs define mutually exclusive and functionally distinct complexes. In addition, several proteins in the complex are multimeric, which complicates structural studies. Attempts to purify sufficient amounts of endogenous complex or recombinantly reconstitute the complex for structural studies have proven quite challenging. Until now, only substructures of individual domains or proteins and low‐resolution densities of (partial) complexes have been reported. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the relative orientation of different subunits within the NuRD complex using multiple cross‐link IP mass spectrometry (xIP‐MS) experiments. Our results confirm that the core of the complex is formed by MTA, RBBP, and HDAC proteins. Assembly of a copy of MBD and GATAD2 onto this core enables binding of the peripheral CHD and CDK2AP proteins. Furthermore, our experiments reveal that not only CDK2AP1 but also CDK2AP2 interacts with the NuRD complex. This interaction requires the C terminus of CHD proteins. Our data provide a more detailed understanding of the topology of the peripheral NuRD subunits relative to the core complex.DatabaseProteomics data are available in the PRIDE database under the accession numbers PXD017244 and PXD017378.
Fatigue failure criteria for structural film adhesive bonded joints with considerations of multiaxiality, mean stress and temperature
Authors: Beber Vinicius C. , Baumert Madlen , Klapp Oliver , Nagel Christof 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFatigue failure criteria for structural film adhesive joints considering multiaxiality, mean stress and temperature effects were investigated. Multiaxiality was addressed by testing butt, scarf and thick adherend shear test joints. Mean stress effect was evaluated under stress ratios of −1.0 and 0.1, and the temperature assessed at −55°C, RT and +100°C. Fatigue results were assessed using three fatigue criteria: (1) maximum principal stress, (2) linear Drucker‐Prager stress or (3) Findley's critical plane. All criteria worked well on fitting the multiaxial fatigue behaviour of joints with criteria (2) and (3) performing slightly better. However, criterion (1) is parameter‐free, which avoids data fitting. Mean stress effect was successfully described based on a Haigh transformation. Temperature effect was characterised using the criterion (1), which was capable of combining fatigue data at different temperatures. An increase of temperature led to fatigue strength reduction, meaning that a knock‐down factor approach could be used.
CIRCULATION, ARENAS, AND THE QUEST FOR PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE: HISTORIOGRAPHICAL CURRENTS AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORKS
Authors: ÖSTLING JOHAN 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe recent surge in publications on the history of knowledge may obscure the fact that there are several parallel understandings of what the field is. In this article, I discern five major historiographical directions in contemporary scholarship regarding the history of knowledge. The analytical framework that has so far attracted the most attention is the circulation of knowledge. As productive as it is, the very concept of circulation is in need of both elaboration and theorization. In order to achieve this, I focus on the public circulation of knowledge. This kind of circulation implies that knowledge should be studied as a broad, societal phenomenon. There are a number of possible methodological approaches to study the processes, situations, or contexts where knowledge has or gains public significance. Here I focus on and develop the concept of public arenas of knowledge, which might be virtual, physical, or hybrid spaces. Drawing on several new studies, I demonstrate how different public arenas of knowledge functioned during the postwar period and how they were part of a larger infrastructure of knowledge.
WEIGHING CONTEXT AND PRACTICES: THEODOR MOMMSEN AND THE MANY DIMENSIONS OF NINETEENTH‐CENTURY HUMANISTIC KNOWLEDGE
Authors: MARCHAND SUZANNE 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThis essay argues that the history of knowledge, especially when applied to humanistic knowledge making, ought not to study practices of knowing to the exclusion of the peculiarities of individuals and the specifics of the wider contexts in which they operate. It uses the life and work of the Roman historian Theodor Mommsen as a case study, sketching first his qualities as a writer and political actor formed by the particularities of the post‐Romantic era. Showing that Mommsen belongs to the world of realist writers and liberal nationalist reformers, this essay then demonstrates how much these aspects of his thought‐world resonated with and informed the ways in which he practiced as a scholar. This essay aims to remind historians of the humanities that a focus on practices of knowing might bring us into exciting conversations with historians of science, but we ought not to lose touch with our colleagues in general and intellectual history.
A clinical investigation into the efficacy of miswak chewing sticks as an oral hygiene aid: A crossover randomized trial
Authors: Rifaey Noha , AlAdwani Manar , Karched Maribasappa , Baskaradoss Jagan Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluates the effect of using miswak chewing sticks on dental plaque, selected oral microbiota and gingival inflammation among patients with gingivitis.MethodsThe study was a single‐centre, single‐examiner blind, randomized, crossover study. Twenty healthy participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups (n = 10). Group 1 were instructed to use both toothbrush and miswak (TB+M) for the first 2 weeks from baseline (T1) and only toothbrush for the next 2 weeks (T2); and Group 2, only TB during T1 and TB+M during T2. Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated at baseline (T0), T1 and T2 visits. Supra‐gingival plaque samples were taken at T0, T1 and T2. Quantification of Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans from the supra‐gingival plaque samples were performed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).ResultsThe scores of GI, PI and BOP had significantly improved for both groups between T0 and T1. A significantly greater reduction in the percentage of sites with BOP was observed for TB+M group compared with TB group (TB+M group: from 32.2 to 14.93; TB group: from 34.00 to 26.0; p = .014). At T2, TB+M group had significant improvements (p < .05) in the PI, GI and BOP scores compared with TB group. There was no significant difference in the microbial counts of S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans between the two groups at the end of the study period.ConclusionsOral hygiene and gingival health may be improved by complementing miswak chewing sticks with toothbrushing.
BOOSTING: WHY YOU CAN USE THE HP FILTER
Authors: Phillips Peter C. B. , Shi Zhentao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe propose a procedure of iterating the HP filter to produce a smarter smoothing device, called the boosted HP (bHP) filter, based onL2‐boosting in machine learning. Limit theory shows that the bHP filter asymptotically recovers trend mechanisms that involve integrated processes, deterministic drifts, and structural breaks, covering the most common trends that appear in current modeling methodology. A stopping criterion automates the algorithm, giving a data‐determined method for data‐rich environments. The methodology is illustrated in simulations and with three real data examples that highlight the differences between simple HP filtering, the bHP filter, and an alternative autoregressive approach.
Relationship between serum zinc concentration and semen quality in newly‐wed men
Authors: Tsujimura Akira , Hiramatsu Ippei , Miyoshi Miho , Ogasa Taiki , Miyoshi Yuto , Ishikawa Keisuke , Uesaka Yuka , Nozaki Taiji , Shirai Masato , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Horie Shigeo 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo clarify factors associated with semen quality and confirm whether there is an association between semen quality and serum zinc concentration.MethodsA semen test was performed on 217 men just after or just before marriage. Variables assessed in the study were: age; symptomatic scores, including sexual function evaluated using several specific questionnaires; endocrinological profiles, especially follicle‐stimulating hormone; and serum zinc concentrations. Based on World Health Organization criteria for assessing sperm quality, semen volume ≥1.5 mL, sperm concentration ≥15 million/mL, or sperm motility rate ≥40%, the men were grouped according to whether they had values below or above these criteria. The two groups were compared with regard to the study variables, and correlation between serum zinc concentration and semen quality was evaluated. Independent predictors for inclusion in the group with values below the criteria were investigated further.ResultsOf the 217 men included in the study, 45 (20.7%) were categorized as having values below the World Health Organization criteria. The men in this group were significantly older and had significantly worse sexual function, significantly higher follicle‐stimulating hormone levels, and significantly lower serum zinc concentrations, than those in the group with values above the criteria. There was no significant correlation between serum zinc concentration and semen quality. However, the independent predictors for having values below the criteria in binomial logistic regression analysis were follicle‐stimulating hormone and serum zinc concentration.ConclusionWe suggest that semen analysis may be considered in men with a low level of serum zinc and high level of follicle‐stimulating hormone when developing a life plan for fertilization.
Efficacy of zinc salts to protect glass against atmospheric alteration. Part II: Possible passivation mechanisms
Authors: Alloteau Fanny , Majérus Odile , Valbi Valentina , Biron Isabelle , Lehuédé Patrice , Caurant Daniel , Lefèvre Grégory , Seyeux Antoine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo investigate the origin of the protection effect of zinc salts against glass atmospheric alteration, the speciation of Zn2+ ions on glass according to the deposit protocol and the Zn2+ surface concentration, and its change over time, was investigated in the light of the respective performances of the treatments. In that respect, a combination of various characterization methods of the glass surface and near‐surface was used before and after aging experiments (temperature, relative humidity (RH) control) of the Zn‐treated glass. Different Zn‐species could be observed on the surface of the treated glass: chemisorbed species, physisorbed species and precipitated hydroxide phases, their respective distribution being highly dependent on the nature of the treatment and on the Zn2+ surface concentration. GI‐XAS (Zn K‐edge) and ToF‐SIMS experiments pointed out the conversion by thermal activation of these surface species into chemisorbed species inserted in the glass network in the near‐surface. The chemisorbed species appear to be the most effective ones for the glass protection, possibly by making the surface less soluble, less hydrophilic and even by acting as a diffusion barrier.
Arctic chironomids of the northwest North Atlantic reflect environmental and biogeographic gradients
Authors: Medeiros Andrew S. , Milošević Đurađ , Francis Donna R. , Maddison Eleanor , Woodroffe Sarah , Long Antony , Walker Ian R. , Hamerlík Ladislav , Quinlan Roberto , Langdon Peter , Brodersen Klaus P. , Axford Yarrow 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimWhile we understand broad climate drivers of insect distributions throughout the Arctic, less is known about the role of spatial processes in determining these relationships. As such, there is a need to understand how spatial controls may influence our interpretations of chironomid environment relationships. Here, we evaluated whether the distribution of chironomids followed spatial gradients, or were primarily controlled by environmental factors.LocationEastern Canadian Arctic, Greenland, Iceland.TaxonNon‐biting midges (Chironomidae).MethodsWe examined chironomid assemblages from 239 lakes in the western North Atlantic Arctic region (specifically from the Arctic Archipelago of Canada, two parts of west Greenland (the southwest and central west) and northwest Iceland). We used a combination of unconstrained ordination (Self Organizing Maps); a simple method with only one data matrix (community data), and constrained ordination (Redundancy Analysis); a canonical ordination with two datasets where we extracted structure of community related to environmental data. These methods allowed us to model chironomid assemblages across a large bioregional dimension and identify specific differences between regions that were defined by common taxa represented across all regions in high frequencies, as well as rare taxa distinctive to each region found in low frequencies. We then evaluated the relative importance of spatial processes versus local environmental factors.ResultsWe find that environmental controls explained the largest amount of variation in chironomid assemblages within each region, and that spatial controls are only significant when crossing between regions. Broad‐scale biogeographic effects on chironomid distributions are reflected by the distinct differences among chironomid assemblages of Iceland, central‐west Greenland, and eastern Canada, defined by the presence of certain common and low‐frequency, rare taxa for each region. Environmental gradients, especially temperature, defined species distributions within each region, whereas spatial processes combine with environmental gradients in determining what mix of species characterizes each broad and geographically distinct island region in our study.Main conclusionsWhile biogeographic context is important for defining interpretations of environmental controls on species distributions, the primary control on distributions within regions is environmental. These influences are fundamentally important for reconstructing past environmental change and better understanding historical distributions of these insect indicators.
Improving summary writing through formative feedback in a technology‐enhanced learning environment
Authors: Kim Min Kyu , McCarthy Kathryn S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSummary writing is a useful instructional tool for learning. However, summary writing is a challenge to many students. This mixed‐method study examined the potential of the Student Mental Model Analyzer for Research and Teaching (SMART) system to help students produce summaries that reflect key concepts and relations in a text. SMART uses the students' summary to generate a multi‐dimensional 3S (surface, structure, semantic) evaluation of the students' mental model. This model is then used to drive feedback to help students revise their summary. The current study is an initial investigation examining whether writing and revising in SMART improves students' summary quality. Students (n = 38) in a graduate‐level online course used SMART for seven reading assignments. The 38 students submitted a total of 357 summaries in response to the seven readings. In 47 cases, students produced both an initial draft and a modified revision. These 47 cases were selected for analysis. In the quantitative phase, MANOVA results indicated that students' summaries improved along the 3S dimensions from initial draft to revision. In the qualitative phase, inspection of exemplar cases revealed how students' mental models changed towards more robust and cohesive knowledge structure for texts.
Gracillin shows potent efficacy against colorectal cancer through inhibiting the STAT3 pathway
Authors: Yang Lehe , Zhu Tianru , Ye Hua , Shen Yili , Li Zhiping , Chen Luye , Wang Canwei , Chen Xia , Zhao Haiyang , Xiang Youqun , Xiao Zhongxiang , Zhao Chengguang , Li Jifa , Hu Wanle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for about 10% of all annually diagnosed cancers and cancer‐related deaths worldwide. STAT3 plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of tumours. Gracillin has shown a significant antitumour activity in tumours, but its mechanism remains unknown. The human CRC cell lines HCT116, RKO, and SW480 and immunodeficient mice were used as models to study the effects of gracillin on cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. These were evaluated by cell viability, colony formation, wound‐healing migration and cell apoptosis assays. Luciferase reporter assay, and immunostaining and western blot analyses were used to explore the specific mechanism through which gracillin exerts its effects. Gracillin significantly reduces viability and migration and stimulates apoptosis in human CRC cells. It also significantly inhibits tumour growth with no apparent physiological toxicity in animal model experiments. Moreover, gracillin is found to inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 target gene products. In addition, gracillin inhibits IL6‐induced nuclear translocation of P‐STAT3. Gracillin shows potent efficacy against CRC by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway. It should be further explored as a unique STAT3 inhibitor for the treatment of CRC.