bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential gene methylation and expression of HOX transcription factor family in orbitofacial neurofibroma
Authors: Arnold Antje , Imada Eddie Luidy , Zhang M. Lisa , Edward Deepak P. , Marchionni Luigi , Rodriguez Fausto J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough most commonly benign, neurofibromas (NFs) can have devastating functional and cosmetic effects in addition to the possibility of malignant transformation. In orbitofacial neurofibromatosis type 1, NFs may cause progressive, disfiguring tumors of the lid, brow, temple, face and orbit. The purpose of this study was to identify biological differences between orbitofacial NFs and those occurring at other anatomic sites. We used Illumina Methylation EPIC BeadChip to study DNA methylation differences between orbitofacial NFs (N = 20) and NFs at other sites (N = 4). Global methylation differences were detected between the two groups and the top differentially methylated genes were part of the HOX (Homebox) family of transcription factors (HOXC8, HOXC4, HOXC6, HOXA6 and HOXD4), which were hypomethylated in orbitofacial NFs compared to the non-orbital NFs. Conversely, LTF (lactoferrin) was relatively hypermethylated in orbitofacial NF compared to non-orbitofacial NF. HOXC8 protein levels were higher in orbitofacial plexiform NFs (p = 0.04). We found no significant differences in the expression of HOXC4, HOXA6, or HOXD4 between the two groups. HOXC8 mRNA levels were also higher in orbitofacial NFs and HOXC8 overexpression in a non-neoplastic human Schwann cell line resulted in increased growth. In summary, we identified gene methylation and expression differences between orbitofacial NF and NFs occurring at other locations. Further investigation may be warranted, given that the HOX family of genes play an important role during development, are dysregulated in a variety of cancers, and may provide novel insights into therapeutic approaches.
miR-185-5p response to usnic acid suppresses proliferation and regulating apoptosis in breast cancer cell by targeting Bcl2
Authors: Değerli Elif , Torun Vildan , Cansaran-Duman Demet 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most common cancer types among women. Recent researches have focused on determining the efficiency of alternative molecules and miRNAs in breast cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of usnic acid response-miR-185-5p on proliferation in the breast cancer cell and to determine its relationship with apoptosis pathway.

Methods
The cell proliferation and cell apoptosis rate were significantly increased following the ectopic expression of miR-185-5p in BT-474 cells. Furthermore, the results of cell cycle assay performed by flow cytometry revealed that the transfection with miR-185-5p induced G1/S phase arrest. The apoptosis-related genes expression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR and the direct target of miR-185-5p in BT-474 cells was identified by western blot and luciferase reporter assay.

Results
Our data showed that miR-185-5p can cause significant changes in apoptosis-related genes expression levels, suggesting that cell proliferation was suppressed by miR-185-5p via inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. According to western blot results, miR-185-5p lead to decrease BCL2 protein level in BT-474 cells and direct target of miR-185-5p was identified as BCL by luciferase reporter assay.

Conclusion
This study revealed that miR-185-5p may be an effective agent in the treatment of breast cancer.
Simultaneous determination of itraconazole and its CYP3A4-mediated metabolites including N-desalkyl itraconazole in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its clinical application
Authors: Imoto Yumi , Mino Yasuaki , Naito Takafumi , Ono Takaaki , Kawakami Junichi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Itraconazole (ITZ), a triazole antifungal agent, is metabolized to hydroxy-ITZ (OH-ITZ), keto-ITZ (KT-ITZ), and N-desalkyl ITZ (ND-ITZ) by cytochrome P450 3A4. The pharmacokinetics of ND-ITZ remain largely unknown due to the lack of an accurate and reliable determination method. This study aimed to develop a simultaneous determination method for ITZ and its three major metabolites including ND-ITZ in human plasma using isocratic liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and then apply the method in a clinical setting.

Methods
Plasma specimens were pretreated by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The supernatant was separated on a 3-μm particle octadecyl silane column (75 × 2.0 mm I.D.) in an isocratic elution of acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium acetate (pH 6.0) (57:43, v/v). The method was applied to 10 patients treated with oral ITZ.

Results
The calibration curves of ITZ, OH-ITZ, KT-ITZ, and ND-ITZ were linear over the concentration ranges of 15–1500, 15–1500, 1–100, and 1–100 ng/mL, respectively. The pretreatment recoveries and matrix factors were 90.1–102.2% and 99.1–102.7%. Their intra- and inter-assay accuracies and imprecisions were 94.1–106.7% and 0.3–4.4%. The plasma concentrations of ITZ, OH-ITZ, KT-ITZ, and ND-ITZ 12 h after dosing ranged from 32.5–1127.1, 19.0–1166.7, 1.1–5.4, and 3.5–28.3 ng/mL, respectively, in immunocompromised patients.

Conclusions
This study developed a simultaneous determination method for concentrations of ITZ and its three metabolites including ND-ITZ in a clinical setting.
Acute and residual concentration-dependent toxicities of some selected insecticides to adult Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta and White (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Abdullahi G. , Obeng-Ofori D. , Afreh-Nuamah K. , Billah M. K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe high yield loss reported from the infestations of fruits byBactrocera invadensDrew, Tsuruta and White in West Africa can impact negatively on the growth of horticulture in the region. Similarly, the shortage of insecticides specifically registered for the control of this pest in Ghana makes decision by farmers on which insecticide to use against this pest uncertain and risky.ResultsThe result for the acute lethal toxicity shows that the lethal concentration (LC) values of the tested insecticides are 0.59 (diazinon (Diazol)), 0.81 (chlorpyrifos (Pyrinex)), 1.21 (cypermethrin+dimethoate (Cydim super)), and 3.12 (deltamethrin (Deltapaz)) ml L−1of water. The result for the residual toxicities of three concentrations for each of the tested insecticides shows that the lethal times LT (LT50and90) for the adultB. invadensdiffered significantly for all the ages of the residues. Some insecticides exhibited low lethal time even on panels that are up to 6 days old after treatment.ConclusionWe concluded that the acute lethal toxicity of the insecticides from most-to-least toxic are diazinon (Diazol) > chlorpyrifos (Pyrinex) > cypermethrin + dimethoate (Cydim super) > deltamethrin (Deltapaz). The residual toxicity of the label rates of all the insecticides are equal to those of the higher doses but better than those of the least doses. The implication of these findings for the management ofB. invadenshas been discussed.
Tamoxifen stimulates gonad development and somatic growth in the tadpoles of Indian skipper frog, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis
Authors: Phuge Samadhan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Endocrine disruptors are one of the major threats to aquatic animals affecting their development and physiology. Amphibians are very sensitive to aquatic contaminants as their skin is semi-permeable. Several contaminants easily enter into their body, act as endocrine disruptors, and interfere in sexual development and metamorphosis. Endocrine disruptors have diverse effects in different species mainly due to the variations in developmental patterns. In the present study, I evaluated the endocrine disrupting potential of tamoxifen (anti-estrogen) in the tadpoles of Indian skipper frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis with undifferentiated type of gonad differentiation (testis differentiates through an ovarian phase).

Methods
I exposed the tadpoles to four concentrations of tamoxifen (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/l) during larval development (Gosner stages 25–42) and studied their metamorphosis, somatic and sexual development.

Results
Tamoxifen does not influence gonad differentiation and sex ratio (proportion of males and females). However, all the concentrations of tamoxifen stimulated gonad development resulted in testis maturation in males and increased oocytes size in females. Tamoxifen treatments delayed metamorphosis and stimulated somatic growth.

Conclusion
These results suggest that tamoxifen does not act as an anti-estrogen in E. cyanophlyctis while stimulate sexual development in both males and females through unknown mechanism. These results are useful to understand the mechanism of action of tamoxifen in lower vertebrates and develop E. cyanophlyctis as an indigenous amphibian model for endocrine disruption studies.
Isolation and characterization of the local entomopathogenic bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from different Egyptian soils
Authors: Abo-Bakr Aya , Fahmy Eman Mahmoud , Badawy Fatma , Abd El-latif Ashraf Oukasha , Moussa Saad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe local entomopathogenic bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was isolated and characterized from 16 soil samples collected from different governorates in Egypt. Among 56 bacterial colonies obtained, only 16 colonies were characterized by traits of Bacillus. All the 16 isolates were toxic to the neonates of the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Damietta and El-Sharkyia bacterial isolates showed appreciable mortality rates (100 and 96.6%), respectively, which were higher than that caused by the standard isolates of Bt entomocidus (that produce Cry1 C toxin) for which they were selected for further characterization. Scanning electron microscope of Damietta bacterial isolate showed the presence of a bipyramidal crystal protein; consistent with the presence of Cry1 toxin class, however, El-Sharkyia bacterial isolate produced spherical-shaped crystals consistent of Cry2 toxin class. Electrophoretic patterns of different isolates and standards revealed different molecular weight bands, ranged from 195 to 8KDa. Damietta and El-Sharkyia bacterial isolates produced major protein bands with molecular weights of 130 KDa, which was also present in Bt entomocidus. Both isolates also shared protein bands with Bt entomocidus with molecular weights of 80, 70, 65, 51, and 22 KDa. The 16S rRNA sequences of both isolates were submitted to the NCBI Gene Bank database, with accession numbers of LC070660 for Damietta isolate and LC070661 for El-Sharkiya isolate. The existence of different Cry genes in the 2 isolates was studied by PCR, using general primers of 5 Cry genes. Cry1 gene was detected in both isolates; however, Cry 2 gene was detected only in Damietta isolate.
How to study ethnic food: senses, power, and intercultural studies
Authors: Karaosmanoğlu Defne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article gives a broad review of the literature focusing on food, senses, and intercultural relations. Integrating cultural studies literature and concepts into ethnic food studies, it tries to understand the ways in which ethnic food becomes an agent of social change and helps to build, promote, and improve intercultural relations. More specifically, this article tries to explore the ways in which ethnic food could be used as a pedagogical tool in intercultural relations. The following questions are explored in anthropology and cultural studies literature: To what extent can ethnic food bring a feeling of connection with other cultures? To what extent can it bring an understanding of others? What kind of a role do the senses of taste and smell play in this process? At least three steps are proposed in the study of ethnic food and intercultural relations: Integrating sensory studies into food studies, applying self-reflexive ethnographic methodologies which are based on experience and emotion, and finally exploring the relationship between food and power, and food and agency.
Diagnostic utility of strain and shear wave ultrasound elastography in differentiation of benign and malignant solid breast lesions
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Tohamy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The purpose of our study was to assess diagnostic performance and comparison of strain and shear wave ultrasound elastography for differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions compared to histopathological diagnosis as a reference standard. Our single center study involved 100 female patients with 132 solid breast masses. All patients underwent supervision of medical history, clinical examination, conventional B-mode ultrasound which was evaluated according to the BIRADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System), and strain and shear wave ultrasound elastography. Strain ratio for strain elastography, mean elasticity value, and stiff ratio for shear wave elastography were calculated. All breast lesions were biopsied. Comparison of the elastography results with the histopathological diagnoses was done.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference as regard the AUCs for calculated values of strain and shear wave ultrasound elastography (strain ratio, 0.916; mean elasticity, 0.884; and stiff ratio, 0.872; P > 0.05). The AUCs for the combined use of B-mode US and elastography techniques were improved as the following: B-mode + strain, 0.920; B-mode + shear wave 0.952 with a significant P value < 0.001. Higher diagnostic accuracy was noted with the combination of strain and shear wave elastography than each single elastographic modality (P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Ultrasound elastography of breast masses is a non-invasive procedure with high sensitivity. Strain and shear wave elastography had almost similar diagnostic performance and displayed higher diagnostic performance if combined with B-mode ultrasound which helps in decreasing the number of unneeded breast biopsies.
Exploring barriers and facilitators to integrated hypertension-HIV management in Ugandan HIV clinics using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)
Authors: Muddu Martin , Tusubira Andrew K. , Nakirya Brenda , Nalwoga Rita , Semitala Fred C. , Akiteng Ann R. , Schwartz Jeremy I. , Ssinabulya Isaac 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Persons living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Integration of services for hypertension (HTN), the primary CVD risk factor, into HIV clinics is recommended in Uganda. Our prior work demonstrated multiple gaps in implementation of integrated HTN care along the HIV treatment cascade. In this study, we sought to explore barriers to and facilitators of integrating HTN screening and treatment into HIV clinics in Eastern Uganda.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study at three HIV clinics with low, intermediate, and high HTN care cascade performance, which we classified based on our prior work. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we conducted semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with health services managers, healthcare providers, and hypertensive PLHIV (n = 83). Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Three qualitative researchers used the deductive (CFIR-driven) method to develop relevant codes and themes. Ratings were performed to determine valence and strengths of each CFIR construct regarding influencing HTN/HIV integration.

Results
Barriers to HTN/HIV integration arose from six CFIR constructs: organizational incentives and rewards, available resources, access to knowledge and information, knowledge and beliefs about the intervention, self-efficacy, and planning. The barriers include lack of functional BP machines, inadequate supply of anti-hypertensive medicines, additional workload to providers for HTN services, PLHIV’s inadequate knowledge about HTN care, sub-optimal knowledge, skills and self-efficacy of healthcare providers to screen and treat HTN, and inadequate planning for integrated HTN/HIV services.
Relative advantage of offering HTN and HIV services in a one-stop centre, simplicity (non-complex nature) of HTN/HIV integrated care, adaptability, and compatibility of HTN care with existing HIV services are the facilitators for HTN/HIV integration. The remaining CFIR constructs were non-significant regarding influencing HTN/HIV integration.

Conclusion
Using the CFIR, we have shown that while there are modifiable barriers to HTN/HIV integration, HTN/HIV integration is of interest to patients, healthcare providers, and managers. Improving access to HTN care among PLHIV will require overcoming barriers and capitalizing on facilitators using a health system strengthening approach. These findings are a springboard for designing contextually appropriate interventions for HTN/HIV integration in low- and middle-income countries.
Acute Photobiomodulation by LED Does Not Alter Muscle Fatigue and Cycling Performance
Authors: DUTRA YAGO MEDEIROS , CLAUS GABRIEL MACHADO , MALTA ELVIS DE SOUZA , BRISOLA GABRIEL MOTTA PINHEIRO , ESCO MICHAEL R. , FERRARESI CLEBER , ZAGATTO ALESSANDRO MOURA 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the ergogenic effects of two doses of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in comparison to placebo on markers of respiratory and muscle activity, blood acid–base, ion and lactate concentrations, indicators of muscle fatigue (global, central, and peripheral), and time to exhaustion in severe-intensity cycling.

Methods
Two separate studies were performed, both in a pseudorandomized and balanced, crossover design. In study 1, 14 male recreational cyclists completed three constant-load, severe-intensity cycling bouts that were duration matched. The PBMT (18 × 38 cm array with 200 diodes) treatments occurred before bouts at 260, 130, or 0 J (placebo) doses. EMG activity of selected lower limb musculature was assessed during each bout. Maximal voluntary contractions of knee extension with peripheral nerve stimulations and EMG activity evaluation of vastus lateralis was also performed before and after cycling. In study 2, 13 recreational cyclists performed three bouts of constant-load, severe-intensity cycling until exhaustion, preceded by PBMT as detailed previously. Blood lactate concentrations, respiratory responses, EMG activity, and capillary gasometry aspects were monitored.

Results
In both studies, there were no interactions effects (time–condition) on the EMG activity, which was displayed as root mean square (P ≥ 0.168) and median frequency (P ≥ 0.055) during cycling. In study 1, there were no interaction effects on the indicators of muscle fatigue after exercise (P ≥ 0.130). In study 2, there were no differences on time to exhaustion (P = 0.353) and no interaction effects among the physiological responses monitored (P ≥ 0.082).

Conclusions
Based on our findings, the PBMT at 260- and 130-J doses does not have a beneficial effect on muscle fatigue, cycling performance, metabolic parameters, and muscle activity in male recreational cyclists.
Effects of Prior Upper Body Exercise on the 3-min All-Out Cycling Test in Men
Authors: JOHNSON MICHAEL A. , WILLIAMS NEIL C. , GRAHAM ASHLEY W. , INGRAM LUKE A. L. , COOPER SIMON B. , SHARPE GRAHAM R. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prior upper body exercise reduces the curvature constant (W′) of the hyperbolic power–duration relationship without affecting critical power. This study tested the hypothesis that prior upper body exercise reduces the work done over the end-test power (WEP; analog of W′) during a 3-min all-out cycling test (3MT) without affecting the end-test power (EP; analog of critical power).

Methods
Ten endurance-trained men (V˙O2max = 62 ± 5 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed a 3MT without (CYC) and with (ARM-CYC) prior severe-intensity, intermittent upper body exercise. EP was calculated as the mean power output over the last 30 s of the 3MT, whereas WEP was calculated as the power-time integral above EP.

Results
At the start of the 3MT, plasma [La−] (1.8 ± 0.4 vs 14.1 ± 3.4 mmol·L−1) and [H+] (42.8 ± 3.1 vs 58.6 ± 5.5 nmol·L−1) were higher, whereas the strong ion difference (41.4 ± 2.2 vs 30.9 ± 4.6 mmol·L−1) and [HCO3
−] (27.0 ± 1.9 vs 16.9 ± 3.2 mmol·L−1) were lower during ARM-CYC than CYC (P < 0.010). EP was 12% lower during the 3MT of ARM-CYC (298 ± 52 W) than CYC (338 ± 60 W; P < 0.001), whereas WEP was not different (CYC: 12.8 ± 3.3 kJ vs ARM-CYC: 13.5 ± 4.1 kJ, P = 0.312). EP in CYC was positively correlated with the peak [H+] (r = 0.78, P = 0008) and negatively correlated with the lowest [HCO3
−] (r = −0.74, P = 0.015).

Conclusions
These results suggest that EP during a 3MT in endurance-trained men is sensitive to fatigue-related ionic perturbation.
Evaluation of cervical peri-implant optical density in longitudinal control of immediate implants in the anterior maxilla region
Authors: da Silva Renan Lucio Berbel , Duailibi Neto Eduardo Felippe , Todescan Franscisco Fernando , Ruiz Glaucio Morente , Pannuti Claudio Mendes , Chilvarquer Israel 
Published: May 2020

Objective:This research aimed to longitudinally evaluate the optical density of peri-implant alveolar bone. The data acquired from study participants previously treated with 37 osseointegrated implants were analyzed utilizing the radiographic subtraction technique.Methods and materials:The radiographic follow-ups were performed five times: at the implantation of the prostheses and after 15, 90, 180 and 360 days. Intraoral radiographs were obtained by the paralleling technique using individualized Hanshin-type positioners to guarantee the standardization of the images. The obtained digital images were aligned and equalized before they were submitted to the radiographic subtraction procedure.Results:A significant difference was found between the distal region of Group I (patients treated with osseointegrated implants who required extraction of the dental element) and the 360 day follow-up and the distal region of Group II (patients with healed alveolar sockets) in all follow-up analyses (p < 0.05). We did not observe a significant difference between the groups analyzed and other follow-ups concerning the subcrestal and middle third regions for both the mesial and distal variables (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the distal sites [χ2 = 5,745,, p = 0.03], showing a significant association between time and the presence of bone resorption. This association was not shown on the mesial surface (p = 0.16).Conclusion:We concluded that there was no statistically significant difference between groups I and II. Using this technique, we were able to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the changes in the proximal sites on the digital radiographic images for the analyzed data. Digital subtraction technology to measure peri-implant bone density is an accurate and reproducible technique for quantifying peri-implant bone reactions to different therapeutic modalities.