bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Two‐Phase Extraction of Monoclonal Antibodies from High Cell Density Cell Culture
Authors: Kruse Thomas , Kampmann Markus , Greller Gerhard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImprovements of the upstream process for the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) has resulted in mammalian cell cultures with significantly increased cell densities. These high cell density (HCD) broths pose severe challenges for established downstream unit operations due to the increased biomass load. To meet these challenges, aqueous two‐phase extraction was examined as a potential method for the clarification, as well as first stage purification of a Chinese hamster ovary expressed mAb with cell densities up to 70 · 106 cells mL−1. A clarification with 99 % yield of mAb and 68 % DNA removal was accomplished, which contributes to enable a foundation to the industrial application of aqueous two‐phase extraction for manufacturing of mAb from HCD cultivations.
Structural Transition Dynamics in Carbon Electrode‐Based Single‐Molecule Junctions
Authors: Li Peihui , Jia Chuancheng , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMonitoring the structural transitions of individual molecules is of great significance because it helps to in depth explore the properties of molecules and provide diverse possibilities for molecular applications in the fields of chemistry, biology and material science. This review summarizes the strategy of using single‐molecule electrical approaches to study molecular structure transitions at the single‐molecule level in real time. Specifically, through the use of stable single‐molecule devices for real‐time electrical monitoring, the process of molecular structure transitions of a single molecule can be investigated, which helps to explore the nature of molecules in chemical and biological systems. In particular, the detection methods have been extended to the investigation of biological macromolecules for monitoring the conformational changes of nucleotide chains in different systems, such as double helix DNA, aptamer and DNA enzyme. In the end, we discuss the future challenges of probing structural transitions of single molecules, and provide prospects for further breakthroughs in this field.What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Single‐molecule device fabrication and detection.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?I started to pursue this field during my PhD period. The promise of molecular electronics that might breakthrough the development bottleneck of current microelectronics inspired my great interest. This interest drives me to persist in the pursuit of practical molecular electronic devices as perfect as possible.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Three aspects: interest, persistence and industriousness. The first key to the success should be diligence.How do you keep balance between research and family?It is hard to balance the time. It is very important to have understanding and support from the family. I love them.What's your hobbies?Driving and watching movies.
Plasmonic Enhancement Mechanism of Template‐Based Synthesized Au@TiO2 Nanodiscs
Authors: Albarazanchi Abbas K. H. , Al‐Haddad Ahmed , Sultan Murtadha Faaiz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe localized plasmon resonance enhancement mechanisms were investigated as a function to increase the shell thickness of the prepared hexagonal nanodiscs arrays of Au@TiO2 core‐shell. The bare Au hexagonal nanodiscs array exhibited multiple plasmon resonance modes in the ultraviolet (UV) to near‐infrared (NIR) region. Au@TiO2 nanodiscs configuration present three different enhancement mechanisms with increasing TiO2 shell thickness. First, a strengthened plasmon‐induced resonance energy transfer (PIRET) for higher plasmonic resonance mode in the UV region. Second, redshifted and broadened direct electron transfer (DET) processes for the plasmonic dipole resonance mode from the Vis to the NIR region. Third, an increased hybridization retardation effect for the higher plasmonic mode in the Vis region. By using a facile and cost‐effective technique (nonlithographic route) to fabricate highly ordered core‐shell nanodiscs arrays (Au@TiO2 hexagonal nanodiscs) on a large area of Si substrate (>cm2) via an ultrathin alumina membrane (UTAM), this technique provides a perfect shadow mask to fabricate Au nanodiscs arrays; furthermore, the shadow effect of UTAM pores offers enough space to cover Au nanodiscs by the TiO2. These plasmonic core‐shell nanodiscs reveal a highly promising pathway to discovering new enhancement phenomena that can be applied in diverse applications such as plasmon‐enhanced energy conversion, biosensing, and surface‐enhanced vibrational spectroscopy.
Guanine‐Derived Porous Carbonaceous Materials: Towards C1N1
Authors: Kossmann Janina , Heil Tobias , Antonietti Markus , López‐Salas Nieves 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerein, the basic nature of noble covalent, sp2‐conjugated materials prepared via direct condensation of guanine in the presence of an inorganic salt melt as structure directing agent was studied. At temperatures below 700 °C stable and more basic addition products with at C/N ratio of 1 (C1N1 adducts) and with rather uniform micropore sizes were formed. Carbonization at higher temperatures broke the structural motif, and N‐doped carbons with 11 wt % and surface areas of 1900 m2 g−1 were obtained. The capability for CO2 sorption and catalytic activity of the materials depended of both their basicity and their pore morphology. The optimization of the synthetic parameters led to very active (100 % conversion) and highly selective (99 % selectivity) heterogeneous base catalysts, as exemplified with the model Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde with malononitrile. The high stability upon oxidation of these covalent materials and their basicity open new perspectives in heterogeneous organocatalysis.
Transistor‐level optimization methodology for the complete design of switched‐capacitor filter circuits
Authors: Serra Hugo , Santos‐Tavares Rui , Paulino Nuno 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis paper presents an automatic procedure for the design and optimization of switched‐capacitor (SC) filters, including the automatic sizing of transistors in the amplifiers and switches. The optimization procedure is based on genetic algorithms (GAs) where the circuit's fitness is first computed using equations describing the filter's transfer function and then using transient simulations. These equations are obtained using a fast numerical methodology that takes into consideration the electrical behavior of all components in the circuit. The poles and zeros of the SC filter's transfer function are computed using a system of differential equations, obtained from the inspection of the circuit. This system describes the filter's behavior for all switch combinations, including the non‐ideal effects of the transistors in the switches and amplifiers. Due to the low computational effort and accuracy of this methodology, it is possible to use a large population in the GA. After finding a solution through equations, the more computationally intensive SPICE transient simulations are used to fine‐tune the solution, with a much smaller population in the GA. Taking advantage of the equations' low computational load and accuracy, process, voltage, temperature (PVT) corners and mismatch errors optimizations are also performed, allowing the chromosomes fitness to be calculated taking into consideration multiple cases, thus resulting in a low sensitivity design.
Video chatting and appearance satisfaction during COVID‐19: Appearance comparisons and self‐objectification as moderators
Authors: Pfund Gabrielle N. , Hill Patrick L. , Harriger Jennifer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveAs video chatting has emerged as a leading form of communication for work, education, and socialization during the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is important to investigate the association between video chatting and appearance satisfaction.MethodParticipants included women from the United States (n = 438; age: M = 31.3, SD = 12.71) who completed measures examining their use of video chatting services, self‐objectification, video chatting appearance comparison, and appearance satisfaction.ResultsThe total time spent on video chatting services was not associated with appearance satisfaction; however, self‐objectification moderated the relationship between total hours of video chatting and appearance satisfaction. In addition, participants who engaged in more video chatting appearance comparisons reported lower face and body satisfaction. Furthermore, video chatting appearance comparison was associated with more frequent usage of certain Zoom features, such as the “touch up my appearance” feature, and more time spent looking at oneself on video calls. Finally, those who spent more time engaged with their families over video chatting services reported greater face and body satisfaction.DiscussionThe results of the current study demonstrate that time spent video chatting is not predictive of appearance satisfaction, but that self‐objectification can exacerbate these associations.
Online conferences for better learning
Authors: Lortie Christopher J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConferences provide an invaluable set of opportunities for professional development. Online, virtual, and distributed conferences do not necessarily mean less opportunity for growth and innovation in science but varied and novel options for communicating the scientific process. Open science and many existing tools are in place in the practice of contemporary ecology and evolution to provide latitude for a much broader scope of sharing and thus learning from conferences. A brief overview of the science supporting online conferences and a highlight of some of the open science concepts in ecology and evolution are provided here to enable better learning through better planning for online conferences.
Translocation experiment reveals capacity for mountain pine beetle persistence under climate warming
Authors: Soderberg David N. , Mock Karen E. , Hofstetter Richard W. , Bentz Barbara J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPredicting species response to climate change is a central challenge in ecology, particularly for species that inhabit large geographic areas. The mountain pine beetle (MPB) is a significant tree mortality agent in western North America with a distribution limited by climate. Recent warming has caused large‐scale MPB population outbreaks within its historical distribution, in addition to migration northward in western Canada. The relative roles of genetic and environmental sources of variation governing MPB capacity to persist in place in a changing climate, and the migratory potential at its southern range edge in the United States, have not been investigated. We reciprocally translocated MPB populations taken from the core and southern edge of their range, and simultaneously translocated both populations to a warmer, low‐elevation site near the southern range boundary where MPB activity has historically been absent despite suitable hosts. We found genetic variability and extensive plasticity in multiple fitness traits that would allow both populations to persist in a warming climate that resembles the thermal regime of our low‐elevation site. We demonstrate, for the first time, that supercooling points in MPBs are influenced both by genetic and environmental factors. Both populations reproduced with seasonally appropriate univoltine generation times at all translocated sites, and bivoltinism was not observed. The highest reproductive success occurred at the warmest, out‐of‐range low‐elevation site, suggesting that southward migration may not be temperature limited.
Radial growth responses of tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) to climate in the eastern United States
Authors: LeBlanc David , Maxwell Justin , Pederson Neil , Berland Adam , Mandra Tessa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTulip poplar is an important component of the eastern deciduous forest and one of the few diffuse‐porous tree species with indeterminate apical growth in North America for which there are substantial dendroecological data. This dendroecological study evaluated correlations between radial growth of tulip poplar and monthly, seasonal, and annual climate variables and how these correlations varied across time and spatial climate gradients. The strongest and most spatially consistent correlations were with climate variables related to site water balance, especially precipitation. Growth was positively correlated with climate variables related to site water balance during the months of May through July of the year the annual ring forms and during the previous year growing season and autumn. Growth was negatively correlated with prior year growing season maximum temperature, but positively correlated with prior winter minimum temperature. There was some evidence of temporal variation in growth–climate associations between 1900 and 2016, but the climate variables with the strongest associations were consistent across different time periods. Correlations with climate variables related to water stress increased from east to west as precipitation decreased, but there was no spatial trend in correlations with growing season temperature from north to south as temperature increases. Strength of positive correlations with winter temperature increased from north to south. Growth of tulip poplar will likely be adversely affected if drought frequency or severity increases during the twenty‐first century. Increased winter temperature would likely have a positive influence on growth during the subsequent growing season in some parts of the species range. Radial growth of tulip poplar is most affected by climate conditions during a narrow time period early in the growing season, similar to results obtained for multiple oak species and a few other diffuse‐porous species in eastern North America. Simulation modelers might consider the phenology of these correlations to formulate more biologically realistic tree climate response functions.
Species pool size alters species–area relationships during experimental community assembly
Authors: Catano Christopher P. , Grman Emily , Behrens Eric , Brudvig Lars A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe species pool concept has advanced our understanding for how biodiversity is coupled at local and regional scales. However, it remains unclear how species pool size, the number of species available to disperse to a site, influences community assembly across spatial scales. We provide one of the first studies that assesses diversity across scales after experimentally assembling grassland communities from species pools of different sizes. We show that species pool size causes scale‐dependent effects on diversity in grasslands undergoing restoration by altering the shape of the species–area relationship (SAR). Specifically, larger species pools increased the slope of the SAR, but not the intercept, suggesting that dispersal from a larger pool causes species to be more spatially aggregated. This increased aggregation appears to be caused by sampling effects due to fewer individuals arriving per species, rather than stronger species sorting across variation in soil moisture. These scale‐dependent effects suggest that studies evaluating species pools at a single, small scale may underestimate their effects, thereby contributing to uncertainty about the importance of regional processes for community assembly and their consequences for ecological restoration.
Some like it hot: Preference for temperature and pungency consumption is associated with sensitivity to noxious heat
Authors: Defrin Ruth , Dekel‐Steinkeller Michal , Urca Gideon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals vary in their temperature and pungency preferences; whereas some individuals prefer to bath in, or consume food and beverages at very high temperatures, others prefer lukewarm temperatures. Similarly, pungent food may be preferred by some, but not by others. The aim was to investigate, for the first time whether temperature and pungency preferences are associated with variations in thermal sensitivity or ethnic origin related to pungency consumption.Methods115 healthy volunteers participated. The thresholds for warm (WST) and heat‐pain (HPT) sensations were measured over the tongue and dorsal hand, and the participants’ preferred drinking and bath temperatures were measured. In addition, data on the participants’ ethnic background as well as temperature and pungency preferences and household habits regarding eating, drinking and bathing were collected.ResultsThe reported drinking and bathing preferences correlated significantly with the measured drinking and bath temperatures, respectively, validating subjects’ reports. Tongue and hand HPT, but not WST, correlated with both the reported and the measured drinking and bathing preferences, as well as with pungency preferences. Neither ethnic origin nor gender affected HPT or temperature preferences; however, males preferred a greater level of spiciness than females.ConclusionsThe association of the reported and measured preferences with noxious heat sensitivity in both relevant and irrelevant body regions, and lack of an ethnicity effect may suggest that these qualities are innate. The association of HPT and spiciness preferences correspond with the mutual activation of the tongue vanilloid receptors by noxious heat and capsaicin.SignificancePeople vary with regard to their temperature and spiciness preferences for reasons yet unknown. The study revealed that these preferences correlate with one another and were associated with the sensitivity to noxious heat but not with age, gender and cultural background, which suggests that they may be innate.
Characteristics of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in a general paediatric inpatient sample
Authors: Schöffel Hannah , Hiemisch Andreas , Kiess Wieland , Hilbert Anja , Schmidt Ricarda 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveAlthough patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) often consult general paediatric services initially, existing literature mostly concentrated on intensive eating disorder treatment settings. This cross‐sectional study sought to describe symptoms of ARFID and their associations with eating disorder psychopathology, quality of life, anthropometry, and physical comorbidities in a general paediatric sample.MethodsIn N = 111 patients (8–18 years) seeking treatment for physical diseases, prevalence of ARFID‐related restrictive eating behaviours was estimated by self‐report and compared to population‐based data (N = 799). Using self‐report and medical record data, further ARFID diagnostic criteria were evaluated. Patients with versus without symptoms of ARFID based on self‐report and medical records were compared in diverse clinical variables.ResultsThe prevalence of self‐reported symptoms of ARFID was not higher in the inpatient than population‐based sample. Only picky eating and shape concern were more common in the inpatient than population‐based sample. Although 68% of the inpatient sample reported any restrictive eating behaviours, only 7% of patients showed symptoms of ARFID based on medical records in addition to self‐report, particularly those with underweight, without significant effects for age, sex, and medical diagnoses.DiscussionThe study revealed the importance of considering ARFID within the treatment of children and adolescents with physical diseases, especially for those with underweight. Further research is needed to replicate the findings with interview‐based measures and to investigate the direction of effects in ARFID and its physical correlates.
High Frequency of Lead Exposure in the Population of an Endangered Australian Top Predator, the Tasmanian Wedge-Tailed Eagle (Aquila audax fleayi)
Authors: Pay James M. , Katzner Todd E. , Hawkins Clare E. , Koch Amelia J. , Wiersma Jason M. , Brown William E. , Mooney Nick J. , Cameron Elissa Z. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lead poisoning, mainly through incidental ingestion of lead ammunition in carcasses, is a threat to scavenging and predatory bird species worldwide. In Australia, shooting for animal control is widespread, and a range of native scavenging species are susceptible to lead exposure. However, the prevalence of lead exposure in Australia's scavenging and predatory birds is largely unknown. We evaluated the degree to which the Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle (Aquila audax fleayi), an endangered Australian raptor and facultative scavenger, showed evidence of lead exposure. We detected lead in 100% of femur and liver tissues of 109 eagle carcasses opportunistically collected throughout Tasmania between 1996 and 2018. Concentrations were elevated in 10% of 106 liver (&gt;6 mg/kg dry wt) and 4% of 108 femur (&gt;10 mg/kg dry wt) samples. We also detected lead in 96% of blood samples taken from 24 live nestlings, with 8% at elevated concentrations (&gt;10 μg/dL). Of the liver samples with elevated lead, 73% had lead207/206 isotope ratios within the published range of lead-based bullets available in Tasmania. These first comprehensive data on lead exposure of an Australian raptor are comparable to those for raptor studies elsewhere that identify lead-based ammunition exposure as a conservation threat. Our findings highlight the importance of further research and efforts to address lead contamination throughout the Tasmanian ecosystem and in other Australian regions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:219–230. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Rural livelihood diversity and its influence on the ecological intensification potential of smallholder farms in Kenya
Authors: Kansiime Monica K. , Girling Robbie D. , Mugambi Idah , Mulema Joseph , Oduor George , Chacha Duncan , Ouvrard David , Kinuthia Wanja , Garratt Michael P. D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSmallholder farmers represent the majority of food producers around the world, yet they are often the most at risk of suffering yield gaps and not achieving their production potential. Ecological Intensification (EI) is a knowledge intensive approach to sustainable agricultural intensification which utilizes biodiversity‐based ecosystem services to support greater yield and reduce reliance on agrochemical inputs. Despite the potential benefit of EI based practices, uptake by smallholders is not as widespread as it could be. Here we test the hypothesis that application of EI on smallholder farms in Kenya is a viable approach that could be taken in order to enhance food security. Focusing on natural pest control and crop pollination, we used farmer surveys to explore the potential for EI in central Kenya. We identified to what extent farm typology and access to knowledge determine the incentives and barriers facing smallholder producers and how this influences optimal pathways for sharing knowledge and providing extension services. We found considerable potential for EI of smallholder farms in this region; most farmers grew insect pollinated crops and some farmers already employed EI practices, while others relied heavily on chemical pesticides. Based on physical, social, and economic factors, three farm typologies emerged including “semi‐commercial,” “market orientated,” and “subsistence.” These typologies influenced the appropriate EI practices available to farmers, as well as routes through which knowledge was shared, and the extent to which extension services were utilized. We propose that to support effective uptake of EI practices, smallholder farm heterogeneity should be acknowledged and characterized in order to target the needs and capabilities of farmers and identify appropriate knowledge sharing and support pathways. The approach we take here has the potential to be employed in other regions globally.