bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of yield and its components in grafted tomato tested across multiple environments in Texas
Authors: Djidonou Desire , Leskovar Daniel I. , Joshi Madhumita , Jifon John , Avila Carlos A. , Masabni Joseph , Wallace Russell W. , Crosby Kevin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGrafting with vigorous rootstocks could offer tomato growers in Texas sustainable and efficient option to achieve reliable yield across a range of production systems and locations. Genotypes (G) of grafted and non-grafted tomato were grown in different environments (E) in the 2017 and 2018 spring seasons. The objectives of the study were to (i) evaluate the effects of production system and grafting on tomato yield traits, (ii) determine the size of genotypic and genotype by environment interaction (G × E) variance components, and (iii) evaluate the relative stability of tested genotypes for yield and its components across production environments. In 2017, genotypes were non-grafted ‘TAMU Hot Ty’ (TAM) and ‘Tycoon’ (TY) and each grafted on commercial tomato rootstocks ‘Estamino’ (TAM/ES, TY/ES) and ‘Multifort’ (TAM/MU, TY/MU) while in 2018, TAM and ‘HM1823’ (HM) were grafted on ‘Estamino’ (TAM/ES, HM/ES) and ‘Multifort’ (TAM/MU, HM/MU). Testing environments were high tunnel (HT) and open-field (OF) in Uvalde in 2017 while in 2018, these were HT and OF in Lubbock (LU-HT, LU-OF), Overton (OV-HT, OV-OF), Uvalde (UV-HT, UV-OF), and Weslaco (WE-HT, WE-OF). Total and marketable yields, fruit number per plant, and average fruit weight were significantly affected by E, G, and G × E interaction. Environmental component contributed 71–86% to the total variation for all these traits, while genotype explained 1.5–10.8%, and the contribution of G × E ranged between 4.3 to 6.7%. Estimation of the univariate statistic parameters and genotype plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analysis indicated that HM/MU and HM/ES were the most stable graft combination with the highest total and marketable yields, while TAM/ES was very unstable for yields across test environments. TAM/MU was stable but with yield lower than the grand mean. These results suggest that high tomato yields could be consistently achieved with grafted combination (HM/MU and HM/ES) especially under high tunnel production system across the regions of Texas.
Association between IL-1β and recurrence after the first epileptic seizure in ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Zhang Qingyan , Li Guanghong , Zhao Duanyun , Yang Peng , Shabier Tuerxun , Tuerxun Tuerhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo analyze the association of IL-1β with recurrence after the first epileptic seizure in ischemic stroke patients and evaluate its predictive value. 238 patients with the first epileptic seizure after ischemic stroke were included in this study. IL-1β expression levels were detected through quantitative Real-Time PCR. Kaplan–Meier method was used to perform univariate analysis with log-rank test. The variables with P < 0.1 were then included in multivariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value. Among all 238 patients, 107 patients (44.96%) had seizure recurrence and 131 patients (55.04%) had no recurrence. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that high expression of IL-1β, low age (< 65 years), male, cortical involvement, large lesion size, late onset, severe neurological impairment and partial seizure type were associated with seizure recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that IL-1β expression level (hazard ratio 2.057, 95% confidence interval 1.296–3.318) was independently associated with seizure recurrence. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.803 (SE 0.030, 95% confidence interval 0.744–0.862) when IL-1β expression levels were applied in predicting seizure recurrence. IL-1β might be a useful biomarker for early discovery of recurrence after the first epileptic seizure in ischemic stroke patients.
Microchip capillary electrophoresis dairy device using fluorescence spectroscopy for detection of ciprofloxacin in milk samples
Authors: Bosma Rick , Devasagayam Jasen , Singh Ashutosh , Collier Christopher M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDetecting antibiotics in the milk supply chain is crucial to protect humans from allergic reactions, as well as preventing the build-up of antibiotic resistance. The dairy industry has controls in place at processing facilities, but controls on dairy farms are limited to manual devices. Errors in the use of these manual devices can result in severe financial harm to the farms. This illustrates an urgent need for automated methods of detecting antibiotics on a dairy farm, to prevent the shipment of milk containing antibiotics. This work introduces the microchip capillary electrophoresis dairy device, a low-cost system that utilizes microchip capillary electrophoresis as well as fluorescence spectroscopy for the detection of ciprofloxacin contained in milk. The microchip capillary electrophoresis dairy device is operated under antibiotic-absent conditions, with ciprofloxacin not present in a milk sample, and antibiotic-present conditions, with ciprofloxacin present in a milk sample. The response curve for the microchip capillary electrophoresis dairy device is found through experimental operation with varied concentrations of ciprofloxacin. The sensitivity and limit of detection are quantified for the microchip capillary electrophoresis dairy device.
Effect of manuka honey on biofilm-associated genes expression during methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation
Authors: Kot Barbara , Sytykiewicz Hubert , Sprawka Iwona , Witeska Małgorzata 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are among the most important biofilm-forming pathogens responsible for hard-to-treat infections. Looking for alternatives to antibiotics that prevent biofilm formation, we investigated the effects of manuka honey on the transcriptional profile of genes essential for staphylococcal biofilm formation using qRT-PCR. mRNA from two hospital MRSA strains (strong and weak biofilm producer) were isolated after 4, 8, 12 and 24 h from cells grown in biofilm. Manuka honey at 1/2 minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) significantly reduced MRSA cell viability in biofilm. Manuka honey downregulated the genes encoding laminin- (eno), elastin- (ebps) and fibrinogen binding protein (fib), and icaA and icaD involved in biosynthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin in both weakly and strongly adhering strain compared to the control (untreated biofilm). Expression levels of cna (collagen binding protein) and map/eap (extracellular adherence protein—Eap) were reduced in weakly adhering strain. The lowest expression of investigated genes was observed after 12 h of manuka honey treatment at 1/2 MBIC. This study showed that the previously unknown mechanism of manuka honey action involved inhibition of S. aureus adhesion due to reduction in expression of crucial genes associated with staphylococcal biofilm.
Analysis of the TiO isotopologues in stellar optical spectra
Authors: Pavlenko Ya. V. , Yurchenko Sergei N. , McKemmish Laura K. , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

Context. We used the new ExoMol TiO rovibronic line lists to identify and model TiO isotopologue features in spectra of M dwarfs.
Aims. We investigate problems involving the computation of electronic bands for different isotopologues of TiO by modelling optical spectra of late-type stars. Based on this, we determine their Ti isotopic abundances and compare the TiO isotopologue spectra computed using line lists by different authors.
Methods. We fitted theoretical synthetic spectra to the observed stellar molecular bands of TiO. We modelled spectra of two M dwarfs, GJ 15A (M1V) and GJ 15B (M3 V), to determine Ti isotopic ratios in their atmospheres.
Results. We demonstrate the accuracy of the ExoMol TOTO line list for different isotopologues of TiO and the possibility of determining accurate Ti isotope abundances in a number of spectral ranges. The 7580–7594 Å spectral range seems particularly useful, with two atomic lines of Fe I and molecular band heads of 50Ti O, 49Ti O, 48Ti O, and 47Ti O clearly observable in our two M-dwarf spectra. We determine non-solar Ti isotopic ratios of 46Ti, 47Ti, 48Ti, 49Ti, and 50Ti of 7.9, 5.2, 72.8, 7.9, and 6.2 for GJ 15A and 7.4, 4.2, 76.6, 5.8, and 6.0 for GJ 15B with an accuracy of ±0.2. [Ti] = 0.040 and 0.199 and within an accuracy of ±0.10 were also determined for GJ 15A and GJ 15B, respectively.
Conclusions. We find that the ExoMol TOTO TiO line list (a) describes the fine details in line position and intensity of the M-dwarf spectra better than other available TiO line lists, (b) correctly reproduces the positions and intensities of the TiO isotopologue band heads observed in M-dwarf spectra, and (c) can be used to determine Ti isotope abundances in atmospheres of M stars.
Ecology of Bloodstream Infections and Temporal Trends of Their Antibiograms with Respect to Source and Duration of Incubation: A 5-Year Retrospective Observational Analysis
Authors: Banik Amit , Lyngdoh Valarie W. , Durairaj Elantamilan , Phukan Anil C. , Kotal Raghavendra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurpose Blood is one of the most important connective tissues of human body. Bloodstream infection can range from inapparent bacteremia till fulminant septic shock with high mortality. Presence of microbes in blood whether continuously, intermittently, or transiently is a grave risk to every organ of body. Culture of blood is a vital tool to diagnose such infections. Drug susceptibility patterns help in rationalizing therapy.Objective The aim of the study is to perform bacteriological analysis and assess drug sensitivity patterns of blood culture isolates and compare in light of other associated variables.Design Retrospective observational study was conducted from January 2009 to December 2013 at a tertiary care hospital at Shillong, India. Blood samples were collected with aseptic guidelines and cultured for 7 days. Growths were identified by standard biochemical tests and subjected to sensitivity testing according to Modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Data for source of blood collection and duration of incubation were noted and compared.Results A total of 658 (11.2%) pathogens were isolated from 5,867 bacteremia-suspected patient blood specimens. Contamination was observed at the rate of 1.21%. Gram-negative organisms were the predominant pathogens recovered, Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common. No significant difference was observed between the number of organisms isolated within or beyond 48 hours. Acinetobacter baumannii and K. pneumoniae have significantly higher chances (p < 0.05) of isolation from central line catheters compared with peripheral venipuncture.Conclusion Successful treatment of sepsis depends on early diagnosis and proper antimicrobial therapy. Local knowledge of bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns helps rationalize empiric treatment strategies.
Large stocks of peatland carbon and nitrogen are vulnerable to permafrost thaw
Authors: Hugelius Gustaf , Loisel Julie , Chadburn Sarah , Jackson Robert B. , Jones Miriam , MacDonald Glen , Marushchak Maija , Olefeldt David , Packalen Maara , Siewert Matthias B. , Treat Claire , Turetsky Merritt , Voigt Carolina , Yu Zicheng 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Over many millennia, northern peatlands have accumulated large amounts of carbon and nitrogen, thus cooling the global climate. Over shorter timescales, peatland disturbances can trigger losses of peat and release of greenhouses gases. Despite their importance to the global climate, peatlands remain poorly mapped, and the vulnerability of permafrost peatlands to warming is uncertain. This study compiles over 7,000 field observations to present a data-driven map of northern peatlands and their carbon and nitrogen stocks. We use these maps to model the impact of permafrost thaw on peatlands and find that warming will likely shift the greenhouse gas balance of northern peatlands. At present, peatlands cool the climate, but anthropogenic warming can shift them into a net source of warming.
Collective property rights reduce deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Baragwanath Kathryn , Bayi Ella 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Deforestation in the Amazon has reached record highs in 2019 and poses a serious threat to climate change. In Brazil, about 2 million hectares of indigenous land are still awaiting homologation, and thus do not have their full property rights. We find that granting property rights significantly reduces the levels of deforestation inside indigenous territories, and the results are of significant orders of magnitude. Our local effects indicate that areas of land right inside a territory with full property rights experience significantly less deforestation than those right outside of the border. Collective property rights might thus provide an effective way to reduce deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.
Physical modeling of the heritability and maintenance of epigenetic modifications
Authors: Sandholtz Sarah H. , MacPherson Quinn , Spakowitz Andrew J. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Epigenetic regulation serves as the basis on which multicellular organisms differentiate genetically identical cells into various cell types, and aberrations in epigenetic modifications lead to a range of diseases. The specific biological mechanisms behind the heritability and maintenance of epigenetic modifications are currently not well understood. We develop a predictive theoretical model of the interplay between the proteins that control chromosomal compaction and those that confer posttranslational modifications to histone proteins within chromosomal DNA. Our model is built on the experimentally observed behavior for these individual biological contributions, resulting in a predictive framework that captures a robust mechanism for epigenetic heritability.
Assessing multidimensional sustainability: Lessons from Brazil’s social protection programs
Authors: Dyngeland Cecilie , Oldekop Johan A. , Evans Karl L. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceMeeting SDGs requires assessing trade-offs and synergies across divergent goals and robust policy impact evaluation. Using quasi-experimental inference methods, we assess impacts of Brazil’s Zero Hunger (ZH) social protection programs. ZH investment increased per capita calorie and protein productions. Social impacts (multidimensional poverty, child malnutrition, and infant mortality) were more limited, and the direction of change in natural vegetation cover was biome specific. Conditional cash transfer (BF) generated fewer benefits and more trade-offs than agricultural support (PRONAF). Results inform policy development, including roll out of ZH inspired programs in sub-Saharan Africa. We highlight successful elements of social protection programs, synergies, and trade-offs between multiple SDGs including environmental protection.
An exploratory data analysis of word form prediction during word-by-word reading
Authors: Urbach Thomas P. , DeLong Katherine A. , Chan Wen-Hsuan , Kutas Marta 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceComplex biological systems do not merely react, they anticipate. In 2005, the human-language comprehension system was considered an exception. We concluded not, based on our recordings of electrical brain activity measured before the critical words arrived during sentence reading, described in a now widely cited report. This, and the emergence of the “statistical crisis” in psychology, led to a large-scale replication attempt that failed. This prompted us to revisit the issue by analyzing our original data and two replication extensions with an exploratory data analysis (EDA) approach, enabled by advances in scientific computing technology. Our original conclusion was supported: Brains can anticipate specific upcoming words. We offer this as a case study in EDA for cognitive neurophysiology, more generally.
Virtuous violence from the war room to death row
Authors: Slovic Paul , Mertz C. K. , Markowitz David M. , Quist Andrew , Västfjäll Daniel 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceTwo surveys of United States public opinion found that support for killing enemy civilians and combatants disproportionately with nuclear or conventional weapons was deeply divided along partisan political lines. Those approving such excessively lethal attacks tended to be Republican and conservative. They felt socially distant from the enemy, dehumanized them, and believed that the victims were to blame for their fate. These same individuals also tended to support domestic policies that protect gun owners, restrict abortion, and punish immigrants and criminals (excessively). Understanding the origins and motives underlying the widespread support for such punitive behaviors is essential to mitigating violence that threatens millions of people and our democracy.
Dimple drainage before the coalescence of a droplet deposited on a smooth substrate
Authors: Duchemin Laurent , Josserand Christophe 
Published: August 2020

Significance
When a millimetric droplet is laying on a smooth surface, either liquid or solid, the slow gravity drainage of the air layer separating the surface from the drop leads to the entrapment of a thin bubble underneath. In this work, we investigate theoretically, and through numerical computations, the bubble-drainage dynamics on a solid and a liquid film. We show and explain how this dynamics before coalescence is much faster on a thin liquid film than on a solid surface.
Negative MAPK-ERK regulation sustains CIC-DUX4 oncoprotein expression in undifferentiated sarcoma
Authors: Lin Yone Kawe , Wu Wei , Ponce Rovingaile Kriska , Kim Ji Won , Okimoto Ross A. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Oncogenic transcription factors, such as the CIC-DUX4 fusion protein, constitute cancer-specific but highly challenging therapeutic targets. Consequently, pharmacologic targeting of transcription factor fusions has relied on identifying downstream actionable targets that relay fusion protein function. While informative, this approach has been limited by the divergent pleotropic effects of transcription factor fusion output. To overcome this, we have developed a mechanism-based strategy to directly degrade the CIC-DUX4 oncoprotein through ligand-dependent or pharmacologic MAPK activation. Using small-molecule drugs that block negative regulators of MAPK-ERK signaling, such as DUSP6, we reveal MAPK-mediated CIC-DUX4 degradation as an innovative therapeutic approach to targeting CIC-fused sarcoma.
Multicolor 3D MINFLUX nanoscopy of mitochondrial MICOS proteins
Authors: Pape Jasmin K. , Stephan Till , Balzarotti Francisco , Büchner Rebecca , Lange Felix , Riedel Dietmar , Jakobs Stefan , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Superresolution fluorescence microscopy (nanoscopy) has enabled the study of protein distributions in cellular organelles, albeit only down to a 3D resolution of 20 to 40 nm. By targeting single emitters with a doughnut-shaped excitation beam, the recently introduced MINFLUX nanoscopy provides single-digit nanometer 3D localizations of fluorescent labels. We show an application of multicolor MINFLUX nanoscopy to the imaging of densely packed labeled proteins, specifically of subunits of the MICOS complex, a large protein complex within the mitochondrial inner membrane. In conjunction with a mathematical framework for the identification of individual molecules and their positions, our results open the door to the analysis of the nanoscale arrangement of proteins within oligomeric protein complexes using focused visible light.
Activator protein-1 transactivation of the major immediate early locus is a determinant of cytomegalovirus reactivation from latency
Authors: Krishna Benjamin A. , Wass Amanda B. , O’Connor Christine M. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common pathogen that infects the majority of the population for life. This infection poses little threat in immunologically healthy individuals, but can be fatal in people with compromised immune systems. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying latency and reactivation remains incomplete. Here, we show the cellular transcription factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1), is a key to regulating HCMV reactivation. Our findings reveal AP-1 binding to the major immediate early enhancer/promoter is critical for switching this locus from one that is repressed during latency to one that is highly active following reactivation. Our work provides a mechanism HCMV exploits to reactivate, highlighting AP-1 as a potential target to prevent HCMV reactivation.
Dimer interaction in the Hv1 proton channel
Authors: Mony Laetitia , Stroebel David , Isacoff Ehud Y. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
The Hv1 proton channel is an unusual voltage-gated ion channel with atypical architecture and stoichiometry. While functional as a monomer, Hv1 is usually expressed as a dimer of two voltage-sensing domains (VSDs). How the two VSDs arrange relative to each other is a matter of debate and the functional impact of VSD–VSD interactions is only partly understood. We show that the Hv1 dimer interface is formed by the S1 and S4 transmembrane segments of the VSD. We find this S1–S4 dimer interface to be a strong regulator of Hv1 gating. This interface therefore constitutes a promising target for the development of allosteric modulators for this class of channels critical for pH regulation and immunity.
What are contested languages and why should linguists care?
Authors: Tamburelli Marco , Tosco Mauro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The literature on regional and minority languages has seen strong developments in recent years, and
new frontiers have been opened on issues of minority language planning and development as well as on issues of
speakers’ rights. Nevertheless, there are many varieties that are left in a sort of “linguistic limbo” within both the
public and the academic domain. These are varieties that likely qualify as regional languages from an
Abstand perspective (Kloss 1967), but are typically
treated as “dialects” or “patois” by their respective governments, by many of their speakers and often by linguists,
who typically cite the low sociolinguistic status for their terminological choice. In this chapter we discuss the
characteristics of these “contested languages”, what underlies their “contestedness” and how they differ from the more
widely accepted regional and minority languages. Specifically, we discuss how the very notion of regional “language”
presupposes the notion “language” in opposition to that of regional “dialect”, though this supposed distinction is
hardly ever tackled in any depth by the mainstream literature on regional and minority languages. Furthermore, we
argue that the widespread, purely socio-political view of what qualifies as a “language” is untenable as well as
undesirable in a discipline that, like linguistics, is also concerned with the structural and communicative properties
of its subject matter as well as with objectivity and scientific inquiry. Throughout the chapter, we bring to the fore
the need for a discussion of the notion of “language” with a focus on regional varieties and reject the supposedly
sociolinguistic nature of the distinction between regional “languages” and regional “dialects”.