bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanded Endoscopic Endonasal Transtuberculum Approach for Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma: Operative Video With 360-Degree Fly-Through and Surgical Rehearsal in Virtual Reality: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Jean Walter C , Singh Ameet 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This video demonstrates the technique of the “Expanded Endoscopic Endonasal Transtuberculum Approach” and the utility of preoperative planning and surgical rehearsal in virtual reality (VR).
VR can be utilized to improve endoscopic skull base surgery in various ways. The patient is a 57-yr-old woman with sudden right abducens palsy. Transcranial surgery has been the gold-standard treatment of the tuberculum sellae meningioma that was found, but for suitable tumors, the endoscopic endonasal approach is equally effective for tumor resection with better visual outcomes.
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The three-dimensional, 360°, multicolored VR rendering (Surgical Theater SRP7.4.0, Cleveland, Ohio) of her tuberculum sellae meningioma clearly demonstrated that there was no encasement of the anterior cerebral arteries, the tumor did not extend lateral to the carotid arteries, and the surgical corridor was wide enough for endoscopic endonasal resection. The surgical exposure was then rehearsed with the sphenoidectomy and drilling of the sella floor and tuberculum performed in VR space. The step-by-step process of the endoscopic endonasal transtuberculum resection is demonstrated in the operative video.
Surgical planning in VR can be helpful to the early-career endoscopic surgeon. The three-dimensional renderings are quick to set up (15 min), and the examination of the anatomy is useful for choosing the surgical approach. Despite the lack of haptic feedback and tissue response such as vascularity and firmness in the current software, rehearsing the drilling for exposure can improve the efficiency in surgery.
Patient consent was obtained prior to the creation of the video and is available on request.
Slow Ascent of Unusually Hot Intermediate Magmas Triggering Strombolian to Sub-Plinian Eruptions
Authors: Lormand C , Zellmer G F , Kilgour G N , Németh K , Palmer A S , Sakamoto N , Yurimoto H , Kuritani T , Iizuka Y , Moebis A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo assess whether magma ascent rates control the style of volcanic eruption, we have studied the petrography, geochemistry and size distribution of microlites of plagioclase and pyroxene from historical eruptions from Tongariro, Ruapehu and Ngauruhoe volcanoes located in the southern Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. The studied deposits represent glassy andesitic and dacitic tephra shards from the Mangamate, Mangatawai, Tufa Trig and Ngauruhoe tephra formations, ranging in age from 11 000 years bp to ad 1996. Covering a range in eruption styles and sizes from Strombolian to Plinian, these samples provide an excellent opportunity to explore fundamental volcanic processes such as pre-eruptive magma ascent processes. Our quantitative petrographic analysis shows that larger microlites (&gt;30 µm) display complex growth zoning, and only the smallest crystals (&lt;30 µm) have formed during magma ascent in the conduit. Using a combination of orthopyroxene geothermometry, plagioclase hygrometry, and MELTS modelling, we show that these microlites nucleated at maximum pressures of 550 MPa (c. 16·5 km) from hot andesitic magmas (1010–1130 °C) with low H2O content (0–1·5 wt%). Size distributions of a total of &gt;60 000 microlites, involving 22 tephras and 99 glass shards, yield concave-up curves, and the slopes of the pyroxene microlite size distributions, in combination with well-constrained orthopyroxene crystal growth rates from one studied tephra, indicate microlite population growth times of ∼3 ± 1 days, irrespective of eruption style. These data imply that microlites form in response to cooling of melts ascending at velocities of &lt;5 cm s–1 prior to H2O exsolution, which occurs only at &lt;33 MPa. Maximum magma ascent rates in the upper conduit, calculated using the exsolution of water during final decompression, range between 3 and 12 m s–1; that is, at least an order of magnitude lower than the hypersonic vent velocities typical of Vulcanian or sub-Plinian eruptions (up to 400 m s–1). This implies that magma ascent from depths of an average of 4 km occurs in dykes, and that vent velocities at the surface are controlled by a reduction of conduit cross-section towards the surface (e.g. dyke changing to cylindrical conduit).
Long-term treatment with tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis: efficacy and safety in a monocentric cohort of patients
Authors: Regola Francesca , Cerudelli Elisabetta , Bosio Giovanni , Andreoli Laura , Tincani Angela , Franceschini Franco , Toniati Paola 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
The efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) in GCA is supported by two randomized controlled studies, in which TCZ allowed remission to be achieved after 52 weeks of treatment. However, after discontinuation of treatment, half of the patients relapsed. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with TCZ and the role of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT scanning in the follow-up of these patients.

Methods
We collected the clinical data of a monocentric cohort of GCA patients retrospectively.

Results
Thirty-two patients were treated with TCZ [25 males and 7 females; age = 74 (59–81) years]. Most of them achieved and maintained clinical remission (1 month: 69%; 3 months: 91%; 6 months: 96%; 12 months: 100%), with serological and FDG-PET/CT scan improvement and a reduction of concomitant glucocorticoid therapy. Nineteen patients were treated for &gt;52 weeks, and in 13 of them a dose tapering was performed, whereas in 2 cases TCZ was suspended for disease remission. Only two patients relapsed: one during TCZ tapering and one after TCZ discontinuation. Ten cases of mild infections and a case of urinary sepsis were reported; in patients treated for &gt;1 year there was no increase in the incidence of side effects compared with patients treated for &lt;12 months.

Conclusion
In our cohort of patients, we confirmed the efficacy of TCZ in the induction and maintenance of remission of GCA, demonstrating an important steroid-sparing effect and a good safety profile. Long-term treatment seems to prevent relapse of the disease, suggesting that TCZ treatment can be continued for &gt;52 weeks with efficacy and safety.
Advancing Reproductive Justice to Close the Health Gap: A Call to Action for Social Work
Authors: Gomez Anu Manchikanti , Downey Margaret Mary , Carpenter Emma , Leedham Usra , Begun Stephanie , Craddock Jaih , Ely Gretchen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Reproductive justice is an intersectional social movement, theory, and praxis well aligned with social work’s mission and values. Yet, advancing reproductive justice—the right to have children, to not have children, to parent with safety and dignity, and to sexual and bodily autonomy—has not been a signature area of scholarship and practice for the field. This article argues that it is critical for social work to advance reproductive justice to truly achieve the grand challenge of closing the health gap. The article starts by discussing the history and tenets of reproductive justice and how it overlaps with social work ethics. The authors then highlight some of the ways by which social workers have been disruptors of and complicit in the oppression of individuals, families, and communities with regard to their reproductive rights and outcomes. The article concludes with a call to action and recommendations for social work to foreground reproductive justice in research, practice, and education efforts by centering marginalized voices while reimagining the field’s pursuit of health equity.
Origin and evolution of turiasaur dinosaurs set by means of a new ‘rosetta’ specimen from Spain
Authors: Royo-Torres Rafael , Cobos Alberto , Mocho Pedro , Alcalá Luis 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Turiasauria is a non-neosauropod eusauropod clade of dinosaurs known since 2006, when the description of Turiasaurus was published. This group, including Losillasaurus, was originally thought to have been restricted to the Late Jurassic of Spain. However, over the last decade, our knowledge of this group has improved with the discovery of new taxa such as Zby from the Portuguese Late Jurassic, Tendaguria from the Tanzanian Late Jurassic and Mierasaurus and Moabosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of the USA. Here, we describe a new specimen of Losillasaurus from Spain, which allows us to better understand the character variation in the cranial and postcranial skeleton. The review of some sauropod fauna of Madagascar, and inclusion of some specimens of Turiasauria, suggest that this clade might have arisen in the Middle Jurassic. According to our phylogenetic results, a specimen found in the early 19th century in Madagascar is shown to be the oldest and only member of Turiasauria represented in the Middle Jurassic thus far. This is named Narindasaurus thevenini gen. & sp. nov.. Turiasauria is thus known from the Middle Jurassic in Pangaea, diversified in the Late Jurassic in Gondwana and Laurasia, and dispersed during the Early Cretaceous to North America.
The gut microbiota-related metabolite phenylacetylglutamine associates with increased risk of incident coronary artery disease
Authors: Ottosson Filip , Brunkwall Louise , Smith Einar , Orho-Melander Marju , Nilsson Peter M. , Fernandez Céline , Melander Olle 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
The gut microbiota is increasingly being implicated in cardiovascular health. Metabolites produced by bacteria have been suggested to be mediators in the bacterial action on cardiovascular health. We aimed to identify gut microbiota-related plasma metabolites and test whether these metabolites associate with future risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods:
Nontargeted metabolomics was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to measure 1446 metabolite features in the Malmö Offspring Study (MOS) (N = 776). The gut microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing. Gut bacteria-related metabolites were measured in two independent prospective cohorts, the Malmö Diet and Cancer – Cardiovascular Cohort (MDC-CC) (N = 3361) and the Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) (N = 880), in order to investigate the associations between gut bacteria-related metabolites and risk of CAD.

Results:
In MOS, 33 metabolite features were significantly (P < 4.8e-7) correlated with at least one operational taxonomic unit. Phenylacetylglutamine (PAG) was associated with an increased risk of future CAD, using inverse variance weighted meta-analysis of age and sex-adjusted logistic regression models in MDC-CC and MPP. PAG remained significantly associated with CAD (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.06–1.29, P = 1.9e-3) after adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusion:
The levels of 33 plasma metabolites were correlated with the gut microbiota. Out of these, PAG was associated with an increased risk of future CAD independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. Our results highlight a link between the gut microbiota and CAD risk and should encourage further studies testing if modification of PAG levels inhibits development of CAD.
A Case Study of Cutaneous Mastocytoma in a 9-Month-Old Infant
Authors: Jellerichs Bradley , Kim Mary Elizabeth 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
This is a case study of a 9-month-old infant presenting with a blistering lesion on the left foot previously misdiagnosed as a benign birthmark. Pathology revealed cutaneous mastocytoma, which required no further intervention.
The North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Consensus Guidelines for Surveillance and Medical Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , Strosberg Jonathan R. , Tang Laura , Bellizzi Andrew M. , Bergsland Emily K. , O'Dorisio Thomas M. , Halperin Daniel M. , Fishbein Lauren , Eads Jennifer , Hope Thomas A. , Singh Simron , Salem Riad , Metz David C. , Naraev Boris G. , Reidy-Lagunes Diane L. , Howe James R. , Pommier Rodney F. , Menda Yusuf , Chan Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article is the result of the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society consensus conference on the medical management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from July 19 to 20, 2018. The guidelines panel consisted of medical oncologists, pathologists, gastroenterologists, endocrinologists, and radiologists. The panel reviewed a series of questions regarding the medical management of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors as well as questions regarding surveillance after resection. The available literature was reviewed for each of the question and panel members voted on controversial topics, and the recommendations were included in a document circulated to all panel members for a final approval.
Improving Accuracy of Handoff by Implementing an Electronic Health Record–generated Tool: An Improvement Project in an Academic Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Koo Jenny K. , Moyer Laurel , Castello Michael A. , Arain Yassar 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Written patient handoffs are susceptible to errors or incompleteness. The accuracy is dependent on the person inputting the information. Thus, handoff printouts generated by electronic health records (EHR) with automation reduces the risk of transcription errors and improves consistency in format. This single-center quality improvement project aims to increase the accuracy of handoff printouts with an EHR-generated handoff tool.

Methods:
This project used a plan-do-study-act methodology. Participants included registered nurses, neonatal nurse practitioners, neonatal hospitalists, pediatric residents, neonatal fellows, and neonatologists. The goals were to (1) increase accuracy of information to 80%, (2) reduce verbal handoff time by 20%, (3) reduce the frequency of incorrectly listed medications below 20%, and (4) improve user satisfaction by 1 point (on a 5-point Likert scale) over 6 months. Baseline assessment included a survey and a review of handoff reports 4 months before transitioning to the new handoff tool. We created a new handoff tool using EHR autogenerated phrases (Epic SmartPhrases) and autopopulated fields for pertinent Neonatal Intensive Care Unit patient data.

Results:
After the unit-wide implementation of the new tool, the accuracy of 16 patient data points increased from 51% to 97%, while the frequency of patients with incorrectly listed medications decreased from 51% to 0%. Handoff time remained unchanged, while a 5-question user satisfaction survey showed an increase on the Likert scale.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated that handoff printouts generated by EHR have fewer inaccuracies than manually scripted versions and do not add to the time required to give verbal handoff.
Variation in estimated viral suppression associated with the definition of viral suppression used
Authors: Lesko Catherine R. , Chander Geetanjali , Moore Richard D. , Lau Bryan 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
The proportion of people living with HIV with suppressed viral load is a key indicator of the HIV care continuum. We explored how this proportion varied depending on how it was calculated.

Design:
Observational cohort study.

Methods:
We calculated the proportion of the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort who were virally suppressed each year, 2010–2018, based on different denominators; thresholds for suppression (≤20, ≤50, ≤200, or ≤400 copies/ml); and strategies for summarizing multiple viral load measurements (we classified persons as suppressed if they had any lab, ≥50% of labs, last lab, or all labs below the threshold). We also calculated 5-year risk of all-cause mortality associated with each classification of viral suppression.

Results:
Three thousand eleven persons contributed 60 858 viral load values to this analysis. Proportion classified as virally suppressed ranged from 51.8 to 92.5%, depending on the definition used and persons included in the calculation. Requiring more labs below the threshold; using a lower threshold; and assuming persons lost to follow-up were not suppressed (stricter definitions) resulted in a lower proportion estimated to be suppressed. Suppression by stricter definitions were associated with better 5-year survival.

Discussion:
The proportion suppressed varied greatly as a function of the subset of persons in whom it was calculated, the threshold used for suppression, and the way multiple viral loads per person per year were summarized. Measures of durable viral suppression, and low-level viremia (20–400 copies/ml), should be considered in describing the health of people with HIV, in addition to the standard estimates of suppression.
Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers
Authors: Kulmuni Jonna , Butlin Roger K. , Lucek Kay , Savolainen Vincent , Westram Anja Marie 
Published: July 2020

Speciation, that is, the evolution of reproductive barriers eventually leading to complete isolation, is a crucial process generating biodiversity. Recent work has contributed much to our understanding of how reproductive barriers begin to evolve, and how they are maintained in the face of gene flow. However, little is known about the transition from partial to strong reproductive isolation (RI) and the completion of speciation. We argue that the evolution of strong RI is likely to involve different processes, or new interactions among processes, compared with the evolution of the first reproductive barriers. Transition to strong RI may be brought about by changing external conditions, for example, following secondary contact. However, the increasing levels of RI themselves create opportunities for new barriers to evolve and, and interaction or coupling among barriers. These changing processes may depend on genomic architecture and leave detectable signals in the genome. We outline outstanding questions and suggest more theoretical and empirical work, considering both patterns and processes associated with strong RI, is needed to understand how speciation is completed.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
Sympatric speciation in mountain roses (Metrosideros) on an oceanic island
Authors: Osborne Owen G. , Kafle Tane , Brewer Tom , Dobreva Mariya P. , Hutton Ian , Savolainen Vincent 
Published: July 2020

Shifts in flowering time have the potential to act as strong prezygotic reproductive barriers in plants. We investigate the role of flowering time divergence in two species of mountain rose (Metrosideros) endemic to Lord Howe Island, Australia, a minute and isolated island in the Tasman Sea.Metrosideros nervulosaandM. sclerocarpaare sister species and have divergent ecological niches on the island but grow sympatrically for much of their range, and likely speciatedin situon the island. We used flowering time and population genomic analyses of population structure and selection, to investigate their evolution, with a particular focus on the role of flowering time in their speciation. Population structure analyses showed the species are highly differentiated and appear to be in the very late stages of speciation. We found flowering times of the species to be significantly displaced, withM. sclerocarpaflowering 53 days later thanM. nervulosa. Furthermore, the analyses of selection showed that flowering time genes are under selection between the species. Thus, prezygotic reproductive isolation is mediated by flowering time shifts in the species, and likely evolved under selection, to drive the completion of speciation within a small geographical area.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers’.
Aeromonas caviae motility and glycosylation
Authors: Allihaybi Laila 
Published: July 2020

Aeromonas are Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rods, which inhabit various aquatic environments and are pathogens of both warm and cold-blooded animals. In humans they cause gastro-enteritis and wound infections. They are motile in liquid environments by a single polar type of flagellum. The flagellum plays an important role for the bacterial colonisation and the adhesion to the host cells. The Aeromonaspolar flagella filament is a polymer composed of two flagellins, FlaA and FlaB. The flagellins are O-linked glycosylated through the addition of the unusual bacterial sugar pseudaminic acid to serine and threonine residues within the flagellins D2/D3 domain. The addition of this sugar is essential for flagella filament assembly and bacterial motility. The flagellin’s are modified by between 6 – 8 sugar residues that occupy the potential 14 sites of attachment. Motility accessory factors (Maf proteins) are candidate enzymes for transferring glycan molecules to the flagellin (glycosyltransferases transferring sugar to flagellin) due to their genetic location and motility phenotypes associated with disruption mutants.
This study utilised site-directed mutagenesis to change the potential sites of flagellin glycosylation to assess the effect of these mutations on motility by swimming assays and flagella filament formation by electron microscopy. The analysis of different numbers of site-directed mutants suggest that some sites are more important than others and that the removal of 4 sites results in greatly reduced motility.
The fall and rise of group B Streptococcus in dairy cattle: suspected reintroduction from a human reservoir
Authors: Crestani Chiara , Forde Taya , Lycett Samantha , Holmes Mark , Persson-Waller Karin , Zadoks Ruth 
Published: July 2020

Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a pathogen of humans and cattle, in which it is responsible for carriage or invasive disease and subclinical mastitis, respectively. From the 1950s to 1970s, thanks to successful mastitis control programs, the prevalence of GBS fell in the Swedish cattle population, but it re-emerged in the late 1990s. GBS was thought to consist of host-specific subpopulations but recent studies have shown that human and cattle subpopulations overlap, with different accessory genome elements providing survival advantages in each host species. We hypothesized that cattle-adapted GBS was eradicated and replaced by new GBS strains of human origin.
Our aim was to explore the differences in GBS cattle population over six decades (pre-post non-detection), with a focus on the possible role of MGE in the evolution of these strains.

Historical (n = 44, 1953 to 1978) and contemporary (n = 76, 1997 to 2012) GBS isolates from bovine milk samples were sequenced and analysed for WGS-MLST. Phylogenetic network analysis revealed the presence of six major clades: two of these were detected only up to 1970, two were only detected after 2004, and two were detected in both periods. Historical isolates were all tetracycline sensitive, whereas 51% of recent isolates harboured tet(M), which is considered a marker of human adaptation. Our data support the elimination of a bovine specific clade (CC61/67) and the emergence of new clades (CC1, CC103/314) that are likely of human of origin.