bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement Ecology of Potamodromous Top Predator in a Large Lake: Synchrony and Coexistence of Distinct Migratory Patterns&nbsp;
Authors: Ivanova Silviya V. , Johnson Timothy B , Fisk Aaron T 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Migrations are a key component of the life-histories of many highly mobile animals. The study of potamodromous migrations occurring within large lakes have lagged and are poorly understood for most species. This is an issue for restoration efforts and adaptive management, as understanding the movement of species, and underlying patterns and mechanisms are essential for identifying key habitat and quantifying the species role in the ecosystem. Using acoustic telemetry, this study quantified the spatio-temporal movements and migratory patterns of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), an iteroparous, potamodromous predator in Lake Ontario, the 13th largest lake by volume in the world that is highly managed and supports a diverse fish community of native and non-native species. Over 2.5 years (December 2016 to April 2019), the movements of 41 lake trout were quantified across a large array of 196 acoustic receivers in Lake Ontario. Individual analysis revealed annual convergence in the fall at a location other than the spawning grounds, followed by synchronized migrations to spawning sites. Consistent with divergent migrations, out-migration was asynchronous, stretching over a longer period of time than pre-spawning movements and across multiple routes. At least two groups of individuals with distinct migratory behaviors, i.e. contingents, were identified in the population. These results illustrate the presence of contingents and provide key information on migratory patterns, convergence points and routes in a potamodromous top predator population in a large lake. Thus, we provide evidence that contingents with different behavior used different habitats across seasons. As such, this study informs management on the potential success and implications of employing different rehabilitation strategies, such as diversifying a species’ population through selective strain stocking in large deep lakes to aid reestablishment across habitats. This knowledge would improve modelling of community dynamics, understanding of nutrient cycling, and overall ecosystem function of large lakes.
High-thermally Conductive AlN-based Microwave Attenuating Composite Ceramics with Spherical Graphite as Attenuating Agent
Authors: Fang Xia , Jiang Lei , Pan Limei , Yin Shuang , Qiu Tai , Yang Jian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
High-thermally conductive AlN-based microwave attenuating composite ceramics with spherical graphite (SG) as the attenuating agent were fabricated through hot-pressing sintering. The SG maintains its three-dimensional morphology within the sintered bodies, which considerably impedes the sintering of the composites to some extent but slightly influences on the growth of AlN grains. The addition of SG reduces the strength of the composites, but provides a moderate toughening effect at the optimal addition amount (3.8 MPa·m1/2 at 4 wt% SG). Benefiting from the low anisotropy, high thermal conductivity, and the three-dimensional morphology of SG, the composites exhibit a relatively higher thermal conductivity (76.82 W·m-1·k-1 at 10 wt% SG) compared with composites added with non-spherical attenuating agent. The dielectric constant and loss (8.2–12.4 GHz) increase remarkably as the amount of SG added increases up to 8 wt%, revealing that the incorporation of SG improves the dielectric property of the composite. The composite with 7 wt% SG exhibits the best absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of -14 dB at 12.4 GHz and an effective absorbing bandwidth of 0.87 GHz. The excellent overall properties of the SG/AlN microwave attenuating composites render them as a promising material for various applications. Moreover, SG has a great potential as an attenuating agent for microwave attenuating composites due to its strong attenuation upon integration, high thermal conductivity, and low anisotropy.
NLR combined with SaO2 predict severe illness among COVID-19 patients: a currently updated model
Authors: Zhang Zili , Zeng Xiansheng , Wang Jian , Guo E , Fu Minglong , Yang Xuejiao , Bai Yun , Huang Qiaoxin , Li Zhuowei , Xu Jingyi , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiaodan , Liu Fei , Yuan Liang , Xie Xiaohui , Li Qiongqiong , Deng Bingxian , Chen Lingzhu , Gao Yongxuan , Wang Lan , Cai Zhou , Zhu Zhanbei , Lin Fanjie , Liu Wei , Guo Hua , Huang Qinghui , Zhong Nanshan , Lu Wenju 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continuously poses a serious threat to public health, highlighting an urgent need for simple and efficient early detection and prediction. Methods: We comprehensively investigated and reanalyzed the published indexes and models for predicting severe illness among COVID‑19 patients in our dataset, and validated them on an independent dataset. Results: 696 COVID-19 cases in the discovery stage and 337 patients in the validation stage were involved. The AuROC of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (0.782) was significantly higher than that of the other 11 independent risk indexes in severe outcome prediction. The combination of NLR and oxygen saturation (SaO2) (NLR+SaO2) showed the biggest AuROC calculations with a value of 0.901; with a cut-off value of 0.532, it exhibited 84.2% sensitivity, 88.4% specificity and 86.8% correct classification ratio. Moreover, we first identified that principal component analysis (PCA) is an effective tool to predict the severity of COVID-19. We obtained 86.5% prediction accuracy with 86% sensitivity when PCA was applied to predict severe illness. In addition, to evaluate the performance of NLR+SaO2 and PCA, we compared them with currently published predictive models in the same dataset. Conclusions: It showed that NLR+SaO2 is an appropriate and promising method for predicting severe illness, followed by PCA. We then validated the results on an independent dataset and revealed that they remained robust accuracy in outcome prediction. This study is significant for early treatment, intervention, triage and saving limited resources.
Active School Travel is Associated With Fewer Suicide Attempts Among 127, 097 Adolescents Aged 13 to 17 Years From 34 Low-and Middle-income Countries
Authors: Chen Si-Tong , Yu Qian , Stubbs Brendon , Clark Cain , Zhang Zhihao , Zhu Mingyue , Hossain Md Mahhub , Yeung Albert , Griffiths Mark D. , Zou Liye 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. This study explored the association between active school travel (AST) and suicide attempts among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. Methods. We used the data from the Global School-based Health Survey, including 127, 097 adolescents aged 13-17 years from 34 LMICs. A self-reported survey was used to collect data on AST and suicide attempts as well as some key control variables. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between AST and suicide attempts. A meta-analysis with random effects was undertaken to identify the difference in the association between AST and suicide attempts. Results. Across all the adolescents, the prevalence of AST was 37.0% and the prevalence of suicide attempts was 11.6%. Adolescents who engaged in AST were less likely to have suicide attempts irrespective of gender. The country-wise analysis indicated a large inconsistency in the association between AST and suicide attempt across the countries. Conclusions. AST would appear to be a protective factor for reducing suicide attempts among adolescents in LMICs. However, the association between AST and suicide attempts varied greatly across the countries. Future studies should confirm or negate the association between AST and suicide attempts.
Eosinophil and Anticoagulation in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ari Selma , Can Veysi , Demir Ömer Furkan , Ari Hasan , Ağca Fahriye Vatansever , Melek Mehmet , Çamcı Sencer , Dikiş Özlem Şengören , Huysal Kağan , Türk Tamer 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Despite prophylactic anticoagulant treatments, thrombotic complications may develop in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate anti-Factor Xa levels to determine the anticoagulant activity of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in COVID-19 patients.Materials and methods: We prospectively evaluated 80 COVID-19 patients, diagnosed using polymerase-chain-reaction test, who were admitted to our clinic and administered LMWH; enoxaparin was applied according to the weight, D-dimer levels, and clinical condition of patients. Anti-Factor Xa levels in blood, drawn 4h after the 3rd dose of LMWH, were measured and a level of <0.2IU/ml was considered subprophylactic. Patients were followed up clinically and anti-Factor Xa levels were re-examined before discharge.Results: Groups 1 and 2 included 13 and 67 patients with subprophylactic (0.18±0.06) and prophylactic (0.43±0.23) anti-Factor Xa levels, respectively. The proportion of eosinophils in patients was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (2.96±2.55 vs 0.90±1.28;p=0.001). At the time of discharge the eosinophilic proportion of patients was significantly higher (3.06±1.49 vs 2.07±1.92;p=0.001) but the activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly lower (22.34±1.38 vs 24.38±3.58; p=0.01) in group 1 than in group 2. Of 14 patients with eosinophil content >4%, 6 were in group 1 ((6/13) 46.2%) while 8 were in group 2 ((8/63) 11.9%); (p=0.009), and all had a D-dimer level <1µg/mL (p=0.03). ROC analysis for the presence of anticoagulation at subprophylactic level revealed an area under curve of 0.79 (95% CI:0.64-0.93); p=0.001).Conclusions: In COVID-19 patients, eosinophil levels could be considered for determining effective prophylactic anticoagulant administration. (NCT04507282)
Psychological distress among cancer survivors during implementation of a&nbsp;nationwide Movement Control Order&nbsp;over the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wong Li Ping , Lai Lee Lee , See Mee Hoong , Alias Haridah , Danaee Mahmoud , Ting Chuo Yew , Tok Peter Seah Keng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the psychological distress and its associated factors among cancer survivors in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: An anonymous Internet-based study was conducted between 23 April and 26 June 2020. During the study period, the country underwent Phase 3 and Phase 4 of the Movement Control Order (MCO), Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO), and Recovery Movement Control Order (RMCO). Psychological distress was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), which is a 14-item self-assessment scale for measuring distress (total HADS score (HADS-T)) with two subscales, namely anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D). Results: From a total of 631 responses received, the proportion of participants with abnormal anxiety and depression was 29.0% and 20.9%, respectively. Distress was reported in 23.0% of the respondents. A total of 16.45% had combined abnormal anxiety and depression. The highest HADS-A (6.10; 95% CI 5.64‒6.56), HADS-D (5.61; 95% CI 5.14‒6.08), and HADS-T (11.71; 95% CI 10.84‒12.58) scores were reported among respondents during Phase 4 of the MCO. Partial least squares-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) revealed that self-perceived health status, perceived susceptibility, and severity of COVID-19 have the greatest effect, leading to higher HADS-A, HADS-D, and HADS-T scores. Conclusion: Heightened psychological distress was evident in cancer survivors particularly during the enforcement of the MCO over COVID-19. Providing support to address cancer survivors’ psychological and emotional needs during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential.Implication for cancer survivors: Cancer survivors or their carers should be made aware of the high psychological risk during infectious disease outbreaks and seek timely support.
Genetic testing and serological screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a COVID-19 outbreak in a nursing facility in Japan
Authors: Chong Yong , Tani Naoki , Ikematsu Hideyuki , Terazawa Nobuto , Nakashima Hitoshi , Shimono Nobuyuki , Akashi Koichi , Tanaka Yosuke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The Pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has critically impacted the spread of infection within nursing facilities. We evaluated the usefulness of genetic and serological tests conducted during a COVID-19 outbreak in a nursing facility in Japan.Methods: After the first identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a comprehensive, facility- and/or unit-wide PCR testing from nasopharyngeal swabs was repeatedly performed in a three-unit facility including 99 residents with dementia and 53 healthcare personnel. Additionally, PCR testing was conducted separately for residents and staff with fever of ≥37.5 oC. Facility-wide serological testing, including rapid kit testing and quantitative assay, was conducted twice over 1 month apart.Results: A total of 322 PCR and 257 antibody tests were performed. 37 (24.3%) of the 152 individuals (25/99 residents, 25.3%; 12/53 staff, 22.6%) were identified as PCR-positive. Seven residents died with a mortality of 7.1% (7/99). Among the 37 individuals, 10 (27.0%) were asymptomatic at the time of testing. PCR positivity was concentrated on one unit (Unit 1) (20/30 residents, 66.7%; 9/14 staff, 64.3%). The other units showed a limited spread of infection. In unit-wide and separate tests, PCR positivity detection was highly prevalent (22.9% and 44.4%, respectively) in Unit 1, compared with that in the other units. Serological testing identified two additional infected residents with a negative PCR result and showed that no staff was newly identified as infected.Conclusions: Thorough PCR testing, in combination with comprehensive and separate tests, is critical for managing COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing facilities, particularly, in units considered an epicenter. Serological testing is also beneficial for tracing contacts, confirming the number of infected individuals, and authorizing the termination of the outbreak.
Characterization of the Cytokinin Sensor TCSv2 in Arabidopsis and Tomato
Authors: Steiner Evyatar , Israeli Alon , Gupta Rupali , Shwartz Ido , Nir Ido , Leibman-Markus Meirav , Tal Lior , Farber Mika , Amsalem Ziva , Ori Naomi , Muller Bruno , Bar Maya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Hormones are crucial to plant life and development. Being able to follow the plants hormonal response to various stimuli and throughout developmental processes is an important and increasingly widespread tool. The phytohormone cytokinin (CK) has crucial roles in the regulation of plant growth and development.Results: Here we describe a version of the CK sensor Two Component signaling Sensor (TCS), referred to as TCSv2. TCSv2 has a different arrangement of binding motifs when compared to previous TCS versions, resulting in increased sensitivity in some examined tissues. Here, we examine the CK responsiveness and distribution pattern of TCSv2 in arabidopsis and tomato. Conclusions: the increased sensitivity and reported expression pattern of TCSv2 make it an ideal TCS version to study CK response in particular hosts, such as tomato, and particular tissues, such as leaves and flowers.
Bacterial Infections after Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Shafiekhani Mojtaba , Shahriarirad Reza , parandvar Nahid , Kazemi Kourosh , Vazin Afsaneh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative therapy for acute and chronic end-stage liver disease in pediatrics. Nevertheless, bacterial infection post-transplant account for one of the most significant causes of mortality which requires attention, along with appropriate antibacterial treatment. Therefor this study was designed to provide a multifaceted overview of bacterial infections during a one-year experience in the biggest pediatrics LT center in Iran.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, records from all liver transplant pediatrics in Abu-Ali Sina hospital, Shiraz, Fars, Iran from April 2019 to February 2020 were assessed. Demographic, laboratory, and clinical data were extracted along with the administered therapeutic approach for the patient.Results: an incidence of 67.9% bacterial infection rate was observed, in which more than 64.06% of isolated pathogens were Gram-negative and 35.93% were gram-positive. The most isolated pathogens were E. coli sp. and pseudomonas sp. for gram negative, and enterococci and staph sp. for gram positive. Our study demonstrated that Intra-abdominal Surgical Site Infections (24.24%) was the most common site of infections in post LT pediatrics. According to the results of the sensitivity-resistance pattern of isolated pathogens, 24.39% of isolated gram-negative bacteria were Extensively drug resistant (XDR). Also, 30.43% of gram-positive bacteria were Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and 8.69% of them were methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Furthermore, multivariate regression analysis showed that the only risk factor for bacterial infections after LT is the length of stay in the ICU. The mortality rate in our study was 22%, which was significantly higher among the infection group (P = 0.008). Also, it was found that patients receiving colistin had a significantly shorter in length of stay in the ICU and hospital than those who did not receive colistin. There is no any significant difference between piperacillin-tazobactm versus meropenem as empirical treatment regarding clinical outcomes.Conclusion: a high rate of bacterial infection was detected among hospitalized pediatrics in the early period after LT. High antibacterial resistance of bacteria isolated from LT pediatrics is alarming. Furthermore, Replacement of piperacillin-tazobactam instead of carbapenems in empirical treatment should be considered.
Effectiveness and trend forecasting of tuberculosis diagnosis after the introduction of rapid molecular testing in a city in south-eastern Brazil
Authors: Berra Thaís Zamboni , Gomes Dulce , Ramos Antônio Carlos Vieira , Alves Yan Mathias , Bruce Alexandre Tadashi Inomata , Arroyo Luiz Henrique , Santos Felipe Lima dos , Souza Ludmilla Leidianne Limirio , Crispim Juliane de Almeida , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

To evaluate the effectiveness of a rapid molecular test for the detection of tuberculosis and to predict the behaviour of the disease in a municipality of Brazil where tuberculosis is endemic.
Methods

An ecological study was carried out in Ribeirão Preto-SP on a population of tuberculosis cases notified between 2006 and 2017. Monthly tuberculosis incidence rates and the Average Monthly Percentage Change (AMPC) were calculated. In order to identify changes in the series, the breakpoint technique was performed; the rates were modelled and predictions of the incidence of tuberculosis until 2025 were made.
Results

AMPC showed a fall of 0.69% per month in tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (TB-HIV) co-infection, a fall of 0.01% per month in general and lung tuberculosis and a fall of 0.33% per month in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. With the breakpoint technique, general and pulmonary tuberculosis changed in structure in late 2007, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis and TB-HIV co-infection changed in structure after 2014, which is considered as the cut-off point. The IMA(3) models were adjusted for general and pulmonary tuberculosis and TB-HIV co-infection, and the AR(5) models for extrapulmonary TB, and predictions were performed.
Conclusions

It is necessary that the algorithms for the care of a person with tuberculosis are followed and the diagnostic means used correctly in order to break the chain of transmission of tuberculosis and reduce its indexes.
Nebulized ivermectin for COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases, a proof of concept, dose-ranging study in rats
Authors: Chaccour Carlos , Abizanda Gloria , Irigoyen-Barrio Ángel , Casellas Aina , Aldaz Azucena , Martínez-Galán Fernando , Hammann Felix , Gil Ana Gloria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Ivermectin is a widely used antiparasitic drug with known efficacy against several single-strain RNA viruses. Recent data shows significant reduction of SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro by ivermectin concentrations not achievable with safe doses orally. Inhaled therapy has been used with success for other antiparasitics. Methods: An ethanol-based ivermectin formulation was administered once to 14 rats using a nebulizer capable of delivering particles with alveolar deposition. Rats were randomly assigned into three target dosing groups, lower dose (80-90 mg/kg), higher dose (110-140 mg/kg) or ethanol vehicle only. A toxicology profile including behavioral and weight monitoring, full blood count, biochemistry, necropsy and histological examination of the lungs was conducted. The pharmacokinetic profile of ivermectin in plasma and lungs was determined in all animals. Results: There were no relevant changes in behavior or body weight. There was a delayed elevation in muscle enzymes compatible with rhabdomyolysis, that was also seen in the control group and has been attributed to the ethanol dose which was up to 11 grams/kg in some animals. There were no histological anomalies in the lungs of any rat. Male animals received a higher ivermectin dose adjusted by adipose weight and reached higher plasma concentrations than females in the same dosing group (mean Cmax 86.2 ng/ml vs 26.2 ng/ml in the lower dose group and 152 ng/ml vs 51.8 ng/ml in the higher dose group). All subjects had detectable ivermectin concentrations in the lungs at seven days post intervention, up to 524.3 ng/g for high-dose male and 27.3 ng/g for low-dose females. Conclusion: nebulized ivermectin can reach pharmacodynamic concentrations in the lung tissue of rats, additional experiments are required to assess the safety of this formulation in larger animals.
Fabrication and Optical Properties of Er 2-x Yb x Zr 2 O 7&nbsp;Transparent Ceramics
Authors: Deng Ting , Zhang Kuibao , Liu Kui , Zeng Jianjun , Chen Daimeng , Guo Haiyan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, transparent Er 2-x Yb x Zr 2 O 7 (x = 0-2.0) ceramics were successfully prepared
by vacuum sintering at 1850 °C for 6 h. The phase composition, microstructure evolution and optical transmittance of the transparent ceramics were investigated. The powders and ceramics demonstrate a single-phase defective fluorite structure. All the ceramics exhibit excellent optical performance and the highest transmittance can reach to 76% at 1100 nm when x=1.0. The upconversion and infrared emission under 980 nm exciting were measured and discussed as well. The Er 2-x Yb x Zr 2 O 7 (x=0-2.0) transparent ceramics exhibit efficient upconversion photoluminescence emission in the visible wavelength region at 524  nm, 541  nm, 650  nm and downconversion emission at 1525  nm, 1565 nm, 1646 nm.
Mathematical Model and Geometrical Design Method of Noncircular Face Gear with Intersecting Axes
Authors: Liu Dawei , Lv Zhenzhen , Zhao Guohao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In order to establish the design method of a noncircular face gear (NFG) with intersecting axes, the meshing theory of this gear is investigated based on the principle of space gear meshing. A generalized approach for designing closed pitch curve of the NFG with intersecting axes is proposed based on Fourier series. The mathematical model of the NFG generated by a shaper cutter is established. The fundamental design parameters of the gears are defined, with the principle for determining their values discussed. The results of simulation and experiment verify the feasibility of the novel transmission mechanism and the correctness of the mathematical model of NFG with intersecting axes.