bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy outcome according to clarithromycin susceptibility testing in Japan
Authors: Horie Ryusuke , Handa Osamu , Ando Takashi , Ose Takuya , Murakami Takaaki , Suzuki Norihisa , Sendo Rei , Imamoto Eiko , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (Hp) infection increases the risk of gastric cancer. Therefore, eradication is a global goal, which requires continuous monitoring of therapeutic regimens and effectiveness. Clarithromycin resistance is an important contributor to eradication failure, and metronidazole is recommended as second‐line treatment in such cases. Here, we retrospectively evaluated the clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance rates and treatment effectiveness in patients with Hp using tailored therapies according to clarithromycin susceptibility testing.MethodsData on drug susceptibility were obtained for 5249 Japanese Hp patients between July 2005 and August 2018. Clarithromycin/metronidazole resistance rates were analyzed according to year, gender, and age with Fisher's exact test. The relationship between clarithromycin resistance and Hp therapy outcomes was assessed for 1300 patients. Treatment regimens included a clarithromycin‐ or metronidazole‐containing 7‐day triple therapy with one of several proton pump inhibitors and vonoprazan.ResultsClarithromycin resistance increased annually and was higher in women and younger patients (<30 years). Rates of metronidazole resistance were stable but decreased with age. Hp treatment regimens using PPIs had eradication rates of 88% and 45% among clarithromycin‐sensitive and clarithromycin‐resistant cases, respectively, while regimens including vonoprazan had eradication rates of around 90% regardless of clarithromycin susceptibility. In particular, triple therapy with vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and metronidazole achieved 98% eradication.ConclusionClarithromycin‐containing triple therapy even using vonoprazan did not achieve satisfactory eradication rates even in the clarithromycin‐sensitive group. To avoid antibiotic misuse in population with low metronidazole resistance, 7‐day vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and metronidazole triple therapy might be a strong candidate as a first‐line eradication therapy.
Increased atherogenic lipoprotein profile in children with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Castillo‐Leon Eduardo , Connelly Margery A. , Konomi Juna V. , Caltharp Shelley , Cleeton Rebecca , Vos Miriam B. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In adults, histologic severity of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with a more atherogenic profile.ObjectiveTo assess cardiovascular disease risk by lipoprotein profile in children with NAFLD and compare to histologic assessment of severity.MethodsNuclear magnetic resonance lipoprotein profile including lipoprotein particle sizes, apolipoproteins and the lipoprotein insulin resistance (LP‐IR) index was measured in serum samples collected from 76 children at the time of a clinically indicated liver biopsy for NAFLD. Liver histology was scored using the NASH Clinical Research Network criteria and grouped into NASH or non‐NASH.ResultsChildren with NASH had higher apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein AI, ApoB/ApoAI (0.56 [IQR, 0.45‐0.70] vs 0.66 [IQR, 0.56‐0.79], P = .02) and higher LP‐IR index (61 ± 21.9 vs 68 ± 17.3, P = .05) compared to children with non‐NASH. Severity of hepatocyte ballooning was associated with higher ApoB/ApoAI ratios (P = .01), while high‐density lipoprotein size was inversely associated with hepatic fat accumulation (P = .04).ConclusionWhile dyslipidaemia is common among children with NAFLD, this data suggests severity of the histologic features is closely associated with severity of cardiometabolic risk. Further studies are needed to understand the role of treatment of NASH in children to prevent future cardiometabolic disease.
Psychometric properties of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory for adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Lundqvist Lars‐Olov , Hultqvist Jenny , Granvik Eva , Minton Lennart , Ahlström Gerd 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundProblem behaviours are common among people with intellectual disabilities (ID), but psychometrically evaluated instruments for assessing such behaviours are scarce. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory—Intellectual Disability (NPI‐ID).MethodWe assessed 108 residents with intellectual disabilities living in group‐homes using the NPI‐ID, which included the 12 symptoms of the original NPI‐Nursing Home and two supplementary symptoms: self‐injurious behaviour and impulsive risk‐taking behaviour.ResultsThe NPI‐ID showed adequate internal consistency (α = 0.76) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.88). Exploratory factor analysis revealed five factors accounting for 64.1% of the variance. Cluster analysis revealed that residents were clustered in three groups with distinctly different symptom profiles.ConclusionsThe psychometric properties were satisfactory, supporting the use of the NPI‐ID as a screening tool for people with intellectual disabilities. Additional research is needed to further evaluate the utility of the NPI‐ID among people with intellectual disabilities.
Melatonin attenuates vascular calcification by inhibiting mitochondria fission via an AMPK/Drp1 signalling pathway
Authors: Chen Wei Ren , Zhou Yu Jie , Sha Yuan , Wu Xue Ping , Yang Jia Qi , Liu Fang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMitochondrial fission plays a role in cardiovascular calcification. Melatonin has previously been shown to protect against cardiovascular disease, so this study sought to explore whether it attenuates vascular calcification by regulating mitochondrial fission via the AMP‐activated protein kinase/dynamin‐related protein 1 (AMPK/Drp1) signalling pathway. The effects of melatonin on vascular calcification were investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Calcium deposits were visualized by Alizarin red staining, while calcium content and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were used to evaluate osteogenic differentiation. Western blots were used to measure the expression of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Drp1 and cleaved caspase 3. Melatonin markedly reduced calcium deposition and ALP activity. Runx2 and cleaved caspase 3 were down‐regulated, Drp1 was reduced in response to melatonin, and this was accompanied by decreased apoptosis. Melatonin also reduced levels of mitochondrial superoxide, reversed β‐glycerophosphate (β‐GP)‐induced ΔΨm dissipation and decreased mitochondrial fragmentation. The effects of melatonin in β‐GP‐treated VSMCs were similar to those of mitochondrial division inhibitor 1. Melatonin significantly activated the expression of AMPK and decreased Drp1 expression. Treatment with compound C ablated the observed benefits of melatonin treatment. These findings indicate that melatonin protects VSMCs against calcification by inhibiting mitochondrial fission via the AMPK/Drp1 pathway.
Hypermethylation‐mediated down‐regulation of lncRNA TBX5‐AS1:2 in Tetralogy of Fallot inhibits cell proliferation by reducing TBX5 expression
Authors: Ma Jing , Chen Shiyu , Hao Lili , Sheng Wei , Chen WeiCheng , Ma Xiaojing , Zhang Bowen , Ma Duan , Huang Guoying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common complex congenital heart disease (CHD) with uncertain cause. Although long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in heart development and several CHDs, their role in TOF is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate how dysregulated lncRNAs contribute to TOF. Using Gene Expression Omnibus data mining, bioinformatics analysis and clinical heart tissue sample detecting, we identified a novel antisense lncRNA TBX5‐AS1:2 with unknown function that was significantly down‐regulated in injured cardiac tissues from TOF patients. LncRNA TBX5‐AS1:2 was mainly located in the nucleus of the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293T) cells and formed an RNA‐RNA double‐stranded structure in the overlapping region with its sense mRNA T‐box transcription factor 5 (TBX5), which is an important regulator in heart development. Knock‐down of lncRNA TBX5‐AS1:2 via promoter hypermethylation reduced TBX5 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels by affecting its mRNA stability through RNA‐RNA interaction. Moreover, lncRNA TBX5‐AS1:2 knock‐down inhibited the proliferation of HEK293T cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that lncRNA TBX5‐AS1:2 may be involved in TOF by affecting cell proliferation by targeting TBX5.
The proteasome activator PA200 regulates expression of genes involved in cell survival upon selective mitochondrial inhibition in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Douida Abdennour , Batista Frank , Robaszkiewicz Agnieszka , Boto Pal , Aladdin Azzam , Szenykiv Mónika , Czinege Rita , Virág László , Tar Krisztina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe conserved Blm10/PA200 activators bind to the proteasome core and facilitate peptide and protein turnover. Blm10/PA200 proteins enhance proteasome peptidase activity and accelerate the degradation of unstructured proteasome substrates. Our knowledge about the exact role of PA200 in diseased cells, however, is still limited. Here, we show that stable knockdown of PA200 leads to a significantly elevated number of cells in S phase after treatment with the ATP synthase inhibitor, oligomycin. However, following exposure to the complex I inhibitor rotenone, more PA200‐depleted cells were in sub‐G1 and G2/M phases indicative of apoptosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and ChIP‐seq data analysis of collected reads indicate PA200‐enriched regions in the genome of SH‐SY5Y. We found that PA200 protein peaks were in the vicinity of transcription start sites. Gene ontology annotation revealed that genes whose promoters were enriched upon anti‐PA200 ChIP contribute to the regulation of crucial intracellular processes, including proliferation, protein modifications and metabolism. Selective mitochondrial inhibitors induced PA200 redistribution in the genome, leading to protein withdrawal from some gene promoters and binding to others. Collectively, the results support a model in which PA200 potentially regulates cellular homeostasis at the transcriptional level, in addition to its described role as an alternative activator of the proteasome.
Dermatology consultation service at a large metropolitan hospital system serving minority populations
Authors: Fayne R. , Castillo D.E. , Sanchez N. , Burroway B. , Nanda S. , De Bedout V. , Stratman S. , Rosen J. , Darwin E. , Nagrani N. , Gonzalez A. , Paul S. , Maderal A. , Elgart G. , Kirsner R. , Nichols A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDermatology consultations in the inpatient hospital setting can improve diagnostic accuracy and management.ObjectiveCharacterize dermatologic diagnostic and treatment trends in the hospital setting and identify variables that may affect patient care.MethodsRetrospective chart review from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017 at Jackson Memorial Hospital (JMH) (Miami, Florida, USA), an academic non‐profit tertiary care centre affiliated with University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, was performed. Patients who received dermatology consultations in the emergency department (ED) or inpatient settings were included. Patient demographics, admission information, provisional diagnosis and management plans by primary teams, final diagnosis, management plans and testing recommendations by the dermatology consults team, and follow‐up information were collected. Analysis using Microsoft Excel of how time to consultation, admission length, inpatient versus ED setting and primary team affected diagnostic accuracy was also performed.ResultsThe 1004 consultations for 812 patients (n = 812) were reviewed (359 women, 453 men). Most patients were Hispanic (n = 359; 44.2%) or African American (n = 273; 33.6%). Mean admission length was 20.6 days (range 0–439; median 6). The most common consulting service was internal medicine (n = 452). In 387 cases (47.6%), primary teams did not give a provisional diagnosis. The most common provisional diagnoses were bacterial infection (n = 93), viral infection (n = 49) and drug reaction (n = 44). The most common diagnoses by dermatology were viral infection (n = 93), bacterial infection (n = 90) and drug reaction (n = 80). Dermatology consultation changed the provisional diagnosis in 55.7% of cases, more often in cases where consultation took place ≥2 days after admission (P < 0.05). Primary teams followed dermatology treatment recommendations in 85.2% of cases.ConclusionDermatology consultation improves diagnostic accuracy in skin disorders in the hospital setting and serves as a valuable resource for inpatient care. A notable aspect of data from this study is the unique patient population, predominantly comprised of underrepresented racial and ethnic minorities including Hispanics and African Americans.
Dynamic evaluation of the comparative effectiveness of an integrated program for heart failure care
Authors: Gorostiza Ania , Arrospide Arantzazu , Larrañaga Igor , Barandiarán Aitziber , Ruiz de Austri Adolfo , Ibarrondo Oliver , Mar Javier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesAn integrated care program for heart failure (HF) was developed in the Basque Country in 2013. The objective of this research was to evaluate its effectiveness through the number of hospital admissions in three integrated healthcare organizations (IHOs), taking into account the longitudinal nature of the disease and the intensity of the implementation.MethodsA retrospective observational study was carried out, based on data entered in administrative and clinical databases between 2014 and 2018 for a total population of 230 000. In addition to conventional statistical analyses, Andersen‐Gill models for recurrent events were used, incorporating dynamic variables that allowed assessment of the intervention's intensity before each hospitalization.ResultsA total of 6768 patients were analysed. Age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.016; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.011‐1.022), the Charlson index (HR = 1.067, 95% CI 1.047‐1.087), and the number of previous hospitalizations (HR = 1.632, 95% CI 1.557‐1.712) were risk factors for readmission. Differences between IHOs were also statistically significant. Greater intervention intensity was associated with a lower hospitalization rate (HR = 0.995, 95% CI 0.990‐1.000). As indicated by the interaction between intervention intensity and IHO, differences between IHOs disappeared when intensity rose. No inequities in hospitalization were found as a function of deprivation index or sex. Nonetheless, inequity in the implementation of the program by sex was clear, women with HF receiving less intense intervention than men with the same level of comorbidity and age.ConclusionsThe extent of program implementation measured by intervention intensity is a main driver of the effectiveness of an educational and monitoring program for HF. The evaluation of HF program effectiveness on readmissions must take into account the entire natural history of the disease. Implementation intensity explains differences between IHOs.
The optimal starting age of endoscopic screening for esophageal squamous cell cancer in high prevalence areas in China
Authors: Feng Hao , Song Guohui , Ma Shanrui , Ma Qing , Li Xinqing , Wei Wenqiang , Abnet Christian , Qiao Youlin , Wang Guoqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aimed to evaluate effects of endoscopic screening method in different starting age groups and further confirm the optimum starting age for esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) screening.MethodsThis study received institutional review board approval, and 6825 residents aged 40 to 69 years in high prevalence communities were assigned to the screening group or the control (non‐screening) group from Hebei, China. Cumulative mortalities during the 14‐year period, relative risk for participants who underwent screening, and numbers needed to invite for screening to save one life were compared between the screening group and the control group of different starting age groups at 14‐year follow‐up.ResultsThe 14‐year risks of ESCC mortality were one in 55, one in 17, and one in 9 for a person screened in the starting age group of 40, 50, and 60 years old. The cumulative mortalities of ESCC in screening groups were significantly lower than control groups in starting age groups of 40 years (1.42% vs 2.38%, P = 0.033) and 50 years (4.18% vs 7.13%, P = 0.005). Relative risks for participants who underwent screening were 0.60 and 0.59 for the starting age groups of 40 and 50 years. Numbers needed to invite for screening to save one life were 104 and 34 for participants in 40 years old group and 50 years old group, respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, people in high prevalence area of ESCC should have endoscopy screening once at their 50 years. Forty years will be preferably defined as the starting age for screening in areas with sufficient health resources.
Resuming Normal Life as a Family Caregiver During Drip‐Like Recovery of Older Persons With Cognitive Impairment Recovering From Hip Surgery: A Grounded Theory
Authors: Shen Mei‐Hsing , Yang Ching‐Tzu , Wu Chi‐Chuan , Huang Huei‐Ling , Lin Yueh‐E , Shyu Yea‐Ing L. , Chung Shih‐Chi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study was undertaken to develop a theoretical framework explaining family caregiving processes for older persons with cognitive impairment recovering from hip fracture surgery.Design and MethodsIn this grounded theory study, data were collected in audio‐recorded face‐to‐face interviews with 21 family caregivers. Among these caregivers, 14 cared for hip‐fractured persons with cognitive impairment, and seven cared for those without cognitive impairment. Caregivers were interviewed five times after patients’ discharge: at 1 week and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Data were analyzed by constant comparative analysis.FindingsThe core category explaining the family caregiving process for hip‐fractured persons with cognitive impairment was “resuming normal life during drip‐like recovery.” This category captures the slowness of the recovery process, as slow as dripping water. During the early postoperative period, caregivers attempted to gain control of the postoperative situation, using various maintenance and improvement strategies to deal with the chaos in individuals and the family and to protect hip‐fractured persons with cognitive impairment from further harm. The goal of recovery was to get back to their original life.ConclusionsFamily caregivers of hip‐fractured older persons with cognitive impairment needed to deal with more complex chaotic situations, exerted more efforts to administer safety measures, and required more time to achieve a stable life pattern.Clinical RelevanceSince postoperative recovery was perceived as extremely slow, family caregivers of hip‐fractured older persons with cognitive impairment should be patient regarding recovery and be informed before hospital discharge of different strategies to resume normal life during postoperative recovery.
N‐acetylglucosamine microemulsions: Assessment of skin penetration, cytotoxicity, and anti‐melanogenesis
Authors: Wuttikul Krisada , Boonme Prapaporn , Thammarat Chayanee , Khongkow Pasarat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundN‐acetylglucosamine (NAG) is an amino sugar which can reduce melanin production. NAG has previously been formulated for topical use in many nanocarrier systems, excluding microemulsions (MEs). In this study, NAG was prepared in the form of MEs and assessed in terms of skin permeability, cytotoxicity, and effectiveness for cosmetic applications.AimsTo investigate the skin penetration, cytotoxicity, and anti‐melanogenesis of N‐acetylglucosamine loaded microemulsions (NAG‐MEs).MethodsTwo NAG‐MEs (NME1 and NME2) were prepared. The in vitro penetration study of NAG‐MEs was evaluated by modified Franz diffusion cells using full‐thickness porcine ear skin as the membrane. The optimized formula was then selected for further assessment of cytotoxicity and efficiency. In vitro cytotoxicity was examined using human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and B16 melanoma cells. Anti‐melanogenic activity was investigated by determination of melanin production of B16 melanoma cells.ResultsThe cumulative amounts of NAG from NME1 and NME2 in the receptor fluid at 24 hours were 1010.46 ± 31.63 and 1260.99 ± 100.19 µg/cm2 and those accumulated in the skin membrane were 155.59 ± 19.19 and 181.11 ± 20.38 µg/cm2, respectively. NME2 and its blank counterpart (Blank‐ME2) showed no adverse effects on the viability of both HaCaT and B16 melanoma cells. The anti‐melanogenic activity data showed that the NME2 treated B16 cells exhibited a significant melanin reduction.ConclusionsNAG‐MEs could allow NAG penetrate through and accumulate in full‐thickness porcine ear skin. NME2 was safe for both normal human keratinocytes and melanoma cells. It also showed effectiveness on anti‐melanogenic activity in B16 melanoma cells.
Systematic retrospective analysis of 13 cases of uterine arteriovenous fistula: Pathogeny, diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up
Authors: Hong Wei , Wang Bei‐Ying , Wu Zhi‐Ping , Gao Feng , Li Shuang‐Di , Li Xiao‐Cui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo analyze the causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of uterine arteriovenous fistula (UAVF).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 13 patients with UAVF admitted to our hospital from October 2016 to April 2019.ResultsAll patients had a history of intrauterine surgery (curettage for abortion, artificial removal of placenta, hysteroscopy, diagnostic curettage and intrauterine device removal). The main clinical manifestation of UAVF is paroxysmal massive vaginal bleeding; this involved a massive gush of vaginal blood that stopped suddenly. Sonographic images with typical features of UAVF were observed for 12 patients. Pelvic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed as a noninvasive adjuvant examination method for diagnosis. Twelve patients underwent uterine arteriography and a diagnosis of UAVF was confirmed. Then, bilateral uterine artery embolization (UAE) was performed. One patient underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy directly instead of uterine arteriography because of unstable vital signs and one patient underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy 25 weeks after the second UAE. The median time until menstrual recovery was 33 days (range, 20–70 days) after UAE. The median time until normal ultrasound examination results was 10 weeks (range, 2–35 weeks).ConclusionAcquired UAVF was associated with a history of previous intrauterine surgery. The ultrasound examination and pelvic contrast‐enhanced MRI were noninvasive adjuvant examination method to effectively assist in diagnosis. Uterine arteriography is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of UAVF, and UAE is considered an effective intervention for treating UAVF and maintaining reproductive function with less damage. Hysterectomy is an appropriate option when conservative measures have failed to prevent a life‐threatening hemorrhage.