bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teat characteristics in relation to animal temperament during milking in buffaloes, and comparison of buffalo and cow teat morphology
Authors: Ozenc Erhan , Bozkurt Mehmet Fatih , Yazici Ebubekir , Seker Esra , Bayraktaroglu Alev Gurol , Ozcinar Umit , Dogan Nurhan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the teat characteristics in relation to the animal temperament during milking in the Anatolian buffaloes using ultrasonographic, histomorphological and immunohistochemical methods. The teat canal length (TCL), teat wall thickness (TWT), teat cisternal diameter (TCD), teat diameter (TD), teat length (TL), and teat circumference (TC) values in docile (n = 5) and nervous (n = 7) buffaloes were measured at the 0th, 3rd and 6th minute of stimulation. In additional experiments, comparative histomorphology and immunohistochemical examinations of buffalo (n = 7) and cow teats (n = 8) were performed. It was determined that post‐stimulation mean TCL values were significantly higher in nervous buffaloes than those of teats in docile buffaloes (p < .05). A significant positive correlation between TCD and TD, TL and TC in both docile and nervous buffaloes was noted (p < .05). Unlike nervous buffaloes where only 3/14 teat canals were open by 3rd minute of milking stimulation, almost all (9/10) teat canals were observed opened in docile buffaloes. There were fewer muscle but more collagen bundles in buffalo teats compared with cow teats. It seems that temperament of animal during milking effects the milking efficiency, and in nervous buffaloes, probably the stimulation alone may not be sufficient for opening of the teat canal and hence achieve complete milking.
Diagnostic delay in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Insights from the Australian and New Zealand pulmonary hypertension registry
Authors: Khou Victor , Anderson James J. , Strange Geoff , Corrigan Carolyn , Collins Nicholas , Celermajer David S. , Dwyer Nathan , Feenstra John , Horrigan Mark , Keating Dominic , Kotlyar Eugene , Lavender Melanie , McWilliams Tanya J. , Steele Peter , Weintraub Robert , Whitford Helen , Whyte Ken , Williams Trevor J. , Wrobel Jeremy P. , Keogh Anne , Lau Edmund M. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveEarly diagnosis of PAH is clinically challenging. Patterns of diagnostic delay in Australian and New Zealand PAH populations have not been explored in large‐scale studies. We aimed to evaluate the magnitude, risk factors and survival impact of diagnostic delay in Australian and New Zealand PAH patients.MethodsA cohort study of PAH patients from the PHSANZ Registry diagnosed from 2004 to 2017 was performed. Diagnostic interval was the time from symptom onset to diagnostic right heart catheterization as recorded in the registry. Factors associated with diagnostic delay were analysed in a multivariate logistic regression model. Survival rates were compared across patients based on the time to diagnosis using Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression.ResultsA total of 2044 patients were included in analysis. At diagnosis, median age was 58 years (IQR: 43–69), female‐to‐male ratio was 2.8:1 and majority of patients were in NYHA FC III–IV (82%). Median diagnostic interval was 1.2 years (IQR: 0.6–2.7). Age, CHD‐PAH, obstructive sleep apnoea and peripheral vascular disease were independently associated with diagnostic interval of ≥1 year. No improvement in diagnostic interval was seen during the study period. Longer diagnostic interval was associated with decreased 5‐year survival.ConclusionPAH patients experience significant diagnostic interval, which has not improved despite increased community awareness. Age, cardiovascular and respiratory comorbidities are significantly associated with longer time to diagnosis. Mortality rates appear higher in patients who experience longer diagnostic interval.
Anatomy and facies distribution of terminal lobes in ephemeral fluvial successions: Jurassic Tordillo Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina
Authors: Coronel Marina D. , Isla Manuel F. , Veiga Gonzalo D. , Mountney Nigel P. , Colombera Luca 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn terminal fluvial‐fan systems, characteristic proximal to distal variations in sedimentary architectures are recognized to arise from progressive downstream loss of water discharge related to both infiltration and evaporation. This work aims to elucidate downstream trends in facies and architecture across the medial and distal zones of terminal‐fan systems, which record transitions from deposits of channel elements to lobe‐like and sheet‐like elements. This is achieved via a detailed characterization of ancient ephemeral fluvial deposits of the well‐exposed Kimmeridgian Tordillo Formation (Neuquén Basin, Argentina). The fine sand‐prone and silt‐prone succession associated with the medial to distal sectors of the system has been studied to understand relationships between depositional processes and resulting architectures. Facies and architectural‐element analyses, and quantification of resulting sedimentological data at multiple scales, have been undertaken to characterize sedimentary facies, facies transitions, bed types, architectural elements and larger‐scale architectural styles. Eight bed types with distinct internal facies transitions are defined and interpreted in terms of different types of flood events. Channelized and non‐channelized architectural elements are defined based on their constituent bed types and their external geometry. The most common elements are terminal lobes, which are composite bodies within which largely unconfined sandy deposits are stacked in a compensational manner; a hierarchical arrangement of internal components is recognized. Proximal feeder‐channel avulsion events likely controlled the evolution of terminal‐lobe elements and their spatiotemporal shifts. Stratigraphic relations between architectural elements record system‐wide trends, whereby a proximal sector dominated by channel elements passes downstream via a gradational transition to a medial sector dominated by sandy terminal‐lobe elements, which in turn passes further downstream to a distal sector dominated by silty terminal lobe‐margin and fringing deposits. This work enhances current understanding of the stratigraphic record of terminal fluvial systems at multiple scales, and provides insight that can be applied to predict the facies and architectural complexity of terminal fluvial successions.
Settler colonialism in Australia and the cashless debit card
Authors: Klein Elise 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSettler colonialism continues in Australia today. One way this occurs is through processes of assimilation such as targeting First Nations subjectivities with behavioural conditions on their social security payments. In this paper, I draw on a 13‐month study examining one such programme; the Cashless Debit Card trial in the East Kimberley region in North West Australia. Through restricting cash and purchases to curb alcohol consumption, illegal drug use, and gambling, card aims to instil “responsible behaviour” such as getting a job in the capitalist economy, accumulating private property, and succeeding in English education. Through drawing on critical discourse analysis, I ask, what does the Cashless Debit Card tell us about the settler state's attempts of continued assimilation? The paper explores specific ways the state legitimising assimilation through provoking narratives of First Nations dysfunction, depoliticising poverty and colonisation, constructing evidence around success of policy, and constructing ideas of “community” in order to regulate who speaks and who is overlooked. Although assimilation attempts are made, there is resistance and pushback in the trial site. Attempts of assimilation, not actual assimilation, can only be observed.
Time, uncertainty and trade flows
Authors: Ansón José , Arvis Jean‐François , Boffa Mauro , Helble Matthias , Shepherd Ben 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper quantifies the impact of international transport time on bilateral trade flows in goods using previously unexploited information drawn from a large data set on international parcel delivery times. In line with previous work, we find that an extra day spent in international transit reduces bilateral trade by just under 1% at the sample median. In addition, and for the first time in the literature, we examine the impact of time‐related uncertainty, which requires traders to hold costly inventories or build costly redundancies into supply chains. We find that a one day increase in international transport time uncertainty reduces bilateral trade flows by just over 1%. Splitting the sample into developing and developed countries shows that international transit time matters primarily for south–south trade, whereas uncertainty is relatively more important for north–north trade. Using new data on trade in intermediate versus final goods, we also find some evidence that time and uncertainty both matter more for movements of intermediates of the type that takes place within global value chains.
Tumour‐specific microRNA expression pattern in canine intestinal T‐cell‐lymphomas
Authors: Joos Diana , Leipig‐Rudolph Miriam , Weber Karin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntestinal T‐cell lymphomas are common in dogs, but histopathological diagnosis remains challenging because of accompanying enteritis with lymphocyte involvement. Invasively taken full‐layer biopsies are still required for reliable differentiation. The detection of specific microRNA expression patterns in canine intestinal T‐cell lymphoma could provide new possibilities to differ intestinal lymphoma from benign inflammation and could lead to further understanding of lymphomagenesis. The objective of this study was to characterize microRNA expression in distinct groups of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded samples from canine intestinal T‐cell lymphomas, lymphoplasmacellular enteritis and healthy intestinal tissue. In a preliminary test with two samples per group, total RNA was extracted (RNEasy FFPE Kit, Qiagen), reverse transcribed (miScript II RT Kit, Qiagen) and pre‐amplified (miScript PreAmp PCR Kit, Qiagen). We performed comparative quantitative PCR on microRNA PCR Array plates (Qiagen) with pre‐fabricated reactions for 183 different mature canine microRNAs. Subsequently, 12 microRNAs with conspicuous expression changes in the lymphoma group were selected and microRNA expression of all samples (n = 8) per group was analysed with individual microRNA assays (miScript Primer Assays, Qiagen) on the reverse transcribed RNA without pre‐amplification. Our results revealed lymphoma‐specific expression patterns, with down‐regulation of the tumour‐suppressing microRNAs miR‐194, miR‐192, miR‐141 and miR‐203, and up‐regulation of oncogenic microRNAs, including microRNAs from the miR‐106a~363 cluster. In addition, we detected only slight expression alterations between healthy intestinal tissue and lymphoplasmacellular enteritis cases. We conclude that microRNA expression patterns can be used to separate T‐cell lymphomas from healthy tissue and benign inflammatory disorders.
Minimally invasive spine surgery in dogs: Evaluation of the safety and feasibility of a thoracolumbar approach to the spinal cord
Authors: Guevar Julien , Zidan Natalia , Durand Alexane , Olby Natasha J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the safety and feasibility of a minimally invasive spine surgery technique to access the thoracolumbar vertebral canal in dogs.Study designProspective study.AnimalsSix healthy research dogs.MethodsDogs were placed under anesthesia for MRI to evaluate vertebral column and spinal cord integrity. Minimally invasive surgery was performed at multiple sites. Access to the vertebral canal was achieved by means of foraminotomy, discectomy, and lateral minicorpectomy by using minimally invasive access and a surgical microscope. Sequential neurological examinations, pressure algometry pain quantification, and creatine kinase levels were evaluated before and after surgery for 7 days. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and histopathology were performed on day 6 postoperatively after animals were humanely killed to evaluate the impact of surgery on spinal cord, muscles, and bone.ResultsThe vertebral canal was successfully accessed, and the ventral aspect of the spinal cord was identified at all sites. No neurological deterioration was observed. Postoperative pain was not different compared with baseline except in one dog on the day after surgery.ConclusionMinimally invasive spine surgery was a safe and feasible technique to access the thoracolumbar vertebral canal and the ventral aspect of the spinal cord in dogs. Findings supported postoperative pain benefits.Clinical significanceMinimally invasive spine surgery is a valid surgical technique to access the thoracolumbar vertebral canal at single or multiple sites in dogs.
Time-Resolved Flow Field Analysis of Effusion Cooling System With Representative Swirling Main Flow
Authors: Lenzi T. , Palanti L. , Picchi A. , Bacci T. , Mazzei L. , Andreini A. , Facchini B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Film-cooling jets behavior in a combustor chamber is deeply affected by swirling flow interactions and unsteadiness; on the other hand, the jets behavior has a direct impact on different phenomena such as cooling capabilities and ignition. For these reasons, an in-depth characterization of the film-cooling flows in the presence of a swirling main flow and demands dedicated time-resolved analyses. The experimental setup consists of a nonreactive single-sector linear combustor simulator installed in an open-loop wind tunnel. It is equipped with a swirler and a multiperforated plate to simulate the effusion cooling system of the liner. The rig is scaled with respect to the engine configuration to increase spatial resolution and to reduce the characteristic frequencies of the unsteady phenomena. Time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TRPIV) was exploited for the investigation testing different values of liner pressure drop. In addition, numerical investigations were carried out to gain a deeper insight of the behavior highlighted by the experiments and to assess the capability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in predicting the flow physics. In this work, the stress-blended eddy simulation (SBES) approach implemented in ansys fluent was adopted. Oscillations of the jets and intermittent interactions of the mainstream with the wall of the liner and hence with the film development have been investigated in detail. The results demonstrate how an unsteady analysis of the flow structures that characterize the jets, the turbulent mixing of coolant flows, and the interaction between mainstream and cooling jets is strictly necessary to have a complete knowledge of the behavior of the coolant, which in turn affects combustor operability and life time.
Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis of the hepatobiliary tract – the role of new imaging techniques for improved diagnosis
Authors: Dietrich Christoph F , Douira-Khomsi Wiem , Gharbi Hassen , Sharma Malay , Cui Xin Wu , Sparchez Zeno , Richter Joachim , Kabaalioğlu Adnan , Atkinson Nathan S S , Schreiber-Dietrich Dagmar , Yi Dong 
Published: January 2020

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis (hydatid cysts) is an infection with a wide spectrum of manifestations, from symptomatic infection to fatal disease. Ultrasound (US) allows screening, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment guidance and follow-up of CE under many circumstances. Hydatid cysts are predominantly observed in the liver. Herewith we present a review to demonstrate established and innovative imaging features of CE of the hepatobiliary tract.
Provenance of Pennsylvanian–Permian sedimentary rocks associated with the Ancestral Rocky Mountains orogeny in southwestern Laurentia: Implications for continental-scale Laurentian sediment transport systems
Authors: Leary Ryan J. , Umhoefer Paul , Smith M. Elliot , Smith Tyson M. , Saylor Joel E. , Riggs Nancy , Burr Greg , Lodes Emma , Foley Daniel , Licht Alexis , Mueller Megan A. , Baird Chris 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Ancestral Rocky Mountains system consists of a series of basement-cored uplifts and associated sedimentary basins that formed in southwestern Laurentia during Early Pennsylvanian–middle Permian time. This system was originally recognized by aprons of coarse, arkosic sandstone and conglomerate within the Paradox, Eagle, and Denver Basins, which surround the Front Range and Uncompahgre basement uplifts. However, substantial portions of Ancestral Rocky Mountain–adjacent basins are filled with carbonate or fine-grained quartzose material that is distinct from proximal arkosic rocks, and detrital zircon data from basins adjacent to the Ancestral Rocky Mountains have been interpreted to indicate that a substantial proportion of their clastic sediment was sourced from the Appalachian and/or Arctic orogenic belts and transported over long distances across Laurentia into Ancestral Rocky Mountain basins. In this study, we present new U-Pb detrital zircon data from 72 samples from strata within the Denver Basin, Eagle Basin, Paradox Basin, northern Arizona shelf, Pedregosa Basin, and Keeler–Lone Pine Basin spanning ∼50 m.y. and compare these to published data from 241 samples from across Laurentia. Traditional visual comparison and inverse modeling methods map sediment transport pathways within the Ancestral Rocky Mountains system and indicate that proximal basins were filled with detritus eroded from nearby basement uplifts, whereas distal portions of these basins were filled with a mix of local sediment and sediment derived from marginal Laurentian sources including the Arctic Ellesmerian orogen and possibly the northern Appalachian orogen. This sediment was transported to southwestern Laurentia via a ca. 2,000-km-long longshore and aeolian system analogous to the modern Namibian coast. Deformation of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains slowed in Permian time, reducing basinal accommodation and allowing marginal clastic sources to overwhelm the system.
Mesozoic denudation history of the lower Orange River and eastward migration of erosion across the southern African Plateau
Authors: Stanley Jessica R. , Flowers Rebecca M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Topographic uplift of the southern African Plateau is commonly attributed to mantle causes, but the links between mantle processes, uplift, and erosion patterns are not necessarily straightforward. We acquired apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) dates from eight kimberlite and basement samples from the lower reaches of the large westward-draining Orange River system with the goal of evaluating the roles of lithospheric modification and river incision on the erosion history here. Average AHe dates range from 79 to 118 Ma and thermal history models suggest that most samples are consistent with a main erosion phase at ca. 120–100 Ma, with some variability across the region indicating a complex erosion history. Major erosion overlaps with the timing of strong lithospheric thermochemical modification as recorded in xenoliths from the studied kimberlites, but the denudation pattern does not mimic the northward progression of lithospheric alteration across the study region. We attribute this area’s denudation history to a combination of mantle effects, rifting, establishment of the Orange River outlet at its current location, and later faulting. When considering these results with other kimberlite-derived surface histories from an ∼1000-km-long E-W transect across the plateau, an eastward-younging trend in denudation is evident. The interplay of mantle processes and the shape of the large, west-draining Orange River basin likely control this first order-pattern.
Cretaceous and late Cenozoic uplift of a Variscan Massif: The case of the French Massif Central studied through low-temperature thermochronometry
Authors: Olivetti Valerio , Balestrieri Maria Laura , Godard Vincent , Bellier Olivier , Gautheron Cécile , Valla Pierre G. , Zattin Massimiliano , Faccenna Claudio , Pinna-Jamme Rosella , Manchuel Kevin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Located in the foreland domain of the Alpine and Pyrenean mountain belts, the French Massif Central presents enigmatic topographic features—reaching elevations of ∼1700 m above sea level and ∼1000 m of relief—that did not originate from Alpine compressional nor from extensional tectonics. Similar to other Variscan domains in Europe, such as the Bohemian, Rhenish, and Vosges/Black Forest Massifs, a Cenozoic uplift has been postulated, although its timing and quantification remain largely unconstrained. With respect to the other Variscan Massifs, the French Massif Central is wider and higher and shows a more intense late Cenozoic volcanism, suggesting that deep-seated processes have been more intense. In this study, apatite fission-track and (U-Th)/He thermochronometry were applied to investigate the long-term topographic evolution of the Massif Central. Our new thermochronological data come from the eastern flank of the massif, where sampling profiles ran from the high-elevation region down to the Rhône River valley floor with a total elevation profile of 1200 m. Age-elevation relationships, mean track-length distributions, and thermal modeling indicate a two-step cooling history: (1) a first exhumation event, already detected through previously published thermochronology data, with an onset time during the Cretaceous, and (2) a more recent Cenozoic phase that is resolved from our data, with a likely post-Eocene onset. This second erosional event is associated with relief formation and valley incision possibly induced by a long-wavelength domal uplift supported by mantle upwelling.
Opioid prescribing patterns among medical providers in the United States, 2003-17: retrospective, observational study
Authors: Kiang Mathew V , Humphreys Keith , Cullen Mark R , Basu Sanjay 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the distribution and patterns of opioid prescribing in the United States.DesignRetrospective, observational study.SettingNational private insurer covering all 50 US states and Washington DC.ParticipantsAn annual average of 669 495 providers prescribing 8.9 million opioid prescriptions to 3.9 million patients from 2003 through 2017.Main outcome measuresStandardized doses of opioids in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) and number of opioid prescriptions.ResultsIn 2017, the top 1% of providers accounted for 49% of all opioid doses and 27% of all opioid prescriptions. In absolute terms, the top 1% of providers prescribed an average of 748 000 MMEs—nearly 1000 times more than the middle 1%. At least half of all providers in the top 1% in one year were also in the top 1% in adjacent years. More than two fifths of all prescriptions written by the top 1% of providers were for more than 50 MMEs a day and over four fifths were for longer than seven days. In contrast, prescriptions written by the bottom 99% of providers were below these thresholds, with 86% of prescriptions for less than 50 MMEs a day and 71% for fewer than seven days. Providers prescribing high amounts of opioids and patients receiving high amounts of opioids persisted over time, with over half of both appearing in adjacent years.ConclusionsMost prescriptions written by the majority of providers are under the recommended thresholds, suggesting that most US providers are careful in their prescribing. Interventions focusing on this group of providers are unlikely to effect beneficial change and could induce unnecessary burden. A large proportion of providers have established relationships with their patients over multiple years. Interventions to reduce inappropriate opioid prescribing should be focused on improving patient care, management of patients with complex pain, and reducing comorbidities rather than seeking to enforce a threshold for prescribing.