bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of education and work status with alcohol use and cessation among pregnant women in Japan: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study
Authors: Murakami Keiko , Obara Taku , Ishikuro Mami , Ueno Fumihiko , Noda Aoi , Kuriyama Shinichi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: There is inconsistent evidence on the associations of education and work status with alcohol use during pregnancy. We aimed to examine the associations of education and work status with alcohol use in early and middle pregnancy and alcohol cessation between early and middle pregnancy in Japan.Methods: This prospective study was part of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study from 2013 to 2017. Pregnant women were recruited at approximately 50 obstetric clinics and hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture in Japan. We analyzed 11592 pregnant women who completed the questionnaires administered in early pregnancy and middle pregnancy. Women were dichotomized as current drinkers or non-drinkers in both early and middle pregnancy. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations of education and work status with alcohol use in early and middle pregnancy, adjusting for age, income, psychological distress, and work status/education. Associations with alcohol cessation between early pregnancy and middle pregnancy were also examined.Results: Prevalence of alcohol use in early and middle pregnancy was 20.9% and 6.4%, respectively. Higher education was associated with alcohol use in early pregnancy and alcohol cessation during pregnancy; the odds ratios (ORs) of ≥university education compared with ≤high school education were 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–1.66) and 1.31 (95% CI, 1.00–1.71), respectively. Work status was associated with alcohol use in both periods and alcohol cessation during pregnancy; for alcohol cessation, the OR of working in early pregnancy only compared with not working in both periods was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.03–2.88).Conclusions: Women with higher education were more likely to consume alcohol in early pregnancy and to cease between early pregnancy and middle pregnancy. Working women were more likely to consume alcohol throughout pregnancy in Japan.
Eye gaze differences in school scenes between preschool children and adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and those with typical development
Authors: Ishizaki Yuko , Higuchi Takahiro , Yanagimoto Yoshitoki , Kobayashi Hodaka , Noritake Atsushi , Nakamura Kae , Kaneko Kazunari 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may experience difficulty adapting to daily life in a preschool or school settings and are likely to develop psychosomatic symptoms. For a better understanding of the difficulties experienced daily by preschool children and adolescents with ASD, this study investigated differences in eye gaze behavior in the classroom environment between children with ASD and those with typical development (TD).Methods: The study evaluated 30 children with ASD and 49 children with TD. Participants were presented with images of a human face and a classroom scene. While they gazed at specific regions of visual stimuli, eye tracking with an iView X system was used to evaluate and compare the duration of gaze time between the two groups.Results: Compared with preschool children with TD, preschool children with ASD spent less time gazing at the eyes of the human face and the object at which the teacher pointed in the classroom image. Preschool children with TD who had no classroom experience tended to look at the object the teacher pointed at in the classroom image.Conclusion: Children with ASD did not look at the human eyes in the facial image or the object pointed at in the classroom image, which may indicate their inability to analyze situations, understand instruction in a classroom, or act appropriately in a group. This suggests that this gaze behavior of children with ASD causes social maladaptation and psychosomatic symptoms. A therapeutic approach that focuses on joint attention is desirable for improving the ability of children with ASD to adapt to their social environment.
Enhanced in vitro production of diosgenin in shoot cultures of Dioscorea deltoidea by elicitation and precursor feeding
Authors: Nazir Romaan , Gupta Suphla , Kumar Vijay , Gupta Ajai Prakash , Dwivedi Padmanabh , Dey Abhijit , Malik Tabarak , Pandey Devendra Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Dioscorea deltoidea (Family: Dioscoreaceae) is a critically endangered medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical industries for the preparation of appropriate drugs. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different elicitors such as salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJa), jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) on the synthesis of diosgenin production in D. deltoidea shoot cultures. In addition, the effect of different precursors (squalene, β-sitosterol, and cholesterol) was also demonstrated. Results: Results showed that precursors significantly influenced diosgenin production as compared to elicitors. Application of SA (200 µM) showed highest diosgenin production (0.912% DW) following 4 h of incubation time, whereas MeJA (100 µM) exhibited 0.814% DW of diosgenin content following 8 h of incubation time. Among precursors, β-sitosterol at 200 µM produced maximum diosgenin content (1.006% DW) followed by 100 µM squalene (0.947% DW) harvested after 5th day of the precursor addition. Interestingly, cholesterol showed low diosgenin production, but significant than control cultures. Finally response surface methodology (RSM) was conducted to see the interactive effect of best elicitors and precursors concentration for better yield of diosgenin and biomass.Conclusions: The results revealed that exposure to different elicitors and precursors have a significant influence on accumulation of diosgenin in D. deltoidea shoot cultures. The optimized conditions for SA and β-sitosterol for the better yield of diosgenin and biomass were found to be 165 µM, 150 µM and 170 µM, 140 µM respectively.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Influenza A and B virus infection in adult Australian hospitalised patients
Authors: Sharma Yogesh , Horwood Chris , Hakendorf Paul , Thompson Campbell 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Influenza B is often perceived as a less severe strain of influenza. The epidemiology and clinical outcomes of influenza B have been less thoroughly investigated in hospitalised patients. The aim of this study was to describe clinical differences and outcomes between influenza A and B admitted over period of four years. Methods We retrospectively collected data of all laboratory confirmed influenza patients ³18 years at two tertiary hospitals in South Australia. Patients were confirmed as influenza positive if they had a positive polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) test of a respiratory specimen. Complications during hospitalisation along with inpatient mortality were compared between influenza A and B. In addition, 30 day mortality and readmissions were compared. Logistic regression model compared outcomes after adjustment for age, Charlson index, sex and creatinine levels. Results Between January 2016-March 2020, 1846 patients, mean age 66.5 years, were hospitalised for influenza. Of whom, 1630 (88.3%) had influenza A and 216 (11.7%) influenza B. Influenza B patients were significantly younger than influenza A. Influenza A patients were more likely be smokers with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) than influenza B. Complications, including pneumonia and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were similar between two groups, however, septic shock was more common in patients with influenza B. Adjusted analyses showed similar median length of hospital stay (LOS), in hospital mortality, 30-day mortality and readmissions between the two groups. Conclusions Influenza B is less prevalent and occurs mostly in younger hospitalised patients than influenza A. Both strains contribute equally to hospitalisation burden and complications. Trial registration Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCR) no ACTRN12618000451202 date of registration 28/03/2018
Is Preexisting Mental Illness Associated with Lower Patient Satisfaction for Older Trauma Patients? A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: McGraw Constance , Pekarek Jennifer , Redmond Diane , Vogel Rebecca , Tanner Allen , Bar-Or David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to examine if satisfaction with care differs among older trauma patients with and without preexisting mental illness (PMI+/PMI-).Methods: Data from two level I trauma centers were examined 11/2016-12/2017. Trauma patients ≥55 years were included and satisfaction of those who had a diagnosis of mental illness prior to the trauma admission (PMI+) to those without a diagnosis (PMI-) (n=299; 62 PMI+ and 237 PMI-) were compared. Enrolled patients completed the Family Satisfaction with Advanced Care Cancer Scale Patient Survey (FAMCARE-P13) prior to discharge. Associations between mental illness status and patient baseline characteristics, overall mean satisfaction, and mean satisfaction by question were compared. Generalized linear models adjusted for differences in patient satisfaction by mental illness status. Analyses were stratified by hospital to account for the interaction between hospital and mental illness status.Results: Compared to PMI- patients, PMI+ patients were more likely to be younger, female, have multiple comorbidities, and to report lower overall satisfaction with care. Among PMI+ patients, the most common diagnoses were depression and anxiety. After adjustment, PMI+ was associated with lower patient satisfaction at hospital 1; after examining individual questions lower satisfaction was associated with information provided on procedures and questions surrounding “Physical care.” Conversely, PMI+ did not affect satisfaction at hospital 2 after adjustment.Conclusions: At hospital 1, room for improvement was identified in providing information about prognosis and procedures, symptom management, and continuity of care. Reexamining practices for older PMI+ trauma patients is warranted.
A collagen membrane influences bone turnover marker in vivo after bone augmentation with xenogenic bone
Authors: Staedt Henning , Dau Michael , Schiegnitz Eik , Thiem Daniel G.E. , Tagadiuc Olga , Palarie Victor , Ottl Peter , Al-Nawas Bilal , Kammerer Peer W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim was to compare early biochemical and histological osseous healing of chronic mandibular defects regenerated with bovine bone substitute with and without collagen membrane in vivo. Methods: Eight weeks after formation of a lateral full-thickness perforating bone defect in the mandible of 40 rabbits, bovine bone substitute with (“+”;n=20) and without (“-“;n=20) collagen membrane was applied. Blood and bone was collected 24, 72 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery. Total acid phosphatase, bone acid phosphatase, total alkaline phosphatase and bone alkaline phosphatase activities were compared between groups. Formation of new bone was quantified histologically for all time points.Results: Twenty-four hours after surgery, bone alkaline phosphatase was significantly elevated in “+” group when compared to “-“ (p=0.012). After 72 hours, all bone turnover markers except for total acid phosphatase (p=0.078) where significantly elevated in “+” (all p<0.05). 14 days after surgery, the significant highest values for all bone turnover markers were detected in “-“ (all p<0.05). A significant difference in favor of group “-“ could also be detected after 3 weeks in terms of both acid phosphatases (p<0.05). In histology, no significant differences could be detected.Conclusion: Bone regeneration with bovine bone substitute material and collagen membrane shows a significantly earlier bone remodeling activity but does not seem to influence formation of new bone in histological samples.
Emotional states of different obesity phenotypes: A sex-specific study in a west-Asian population
Authors: Mehrabi Fahimeh , Amiri Parisa , Cheraghi Leila , Kheradmand Ali , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of obesity phenotypes with depression, anxiety, and stress among adults in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)."Methods: Depression, anxiety, and stress levels of participants from the TLGS were examined among different obesity phenotypes in this cross-sectional study. Weight, height, and waist circumferences of participants were measured. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m², and metabolically unhealthy status based on having metabolic syndrome (MetS) or type 2 diabetes. Four obesity phenotypes were defined: 1) Metabolically Healthy Non-Obese (MHNO), 2) Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) 3) Metabolically Unhealthy Non-Obese (MUNO), and 4) Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUO). Emotional states of different obesity phenotypes were assessed by the Persian version of depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 items (DASS-21). Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to compare sex-specific odds ratios of depression, anxiety, and stress in different obesity phenotypes. Results: The mean age of 2469 men and women was 46.2±15.9 and 45.6±14.7, respectively. In total, women were more likely to experience higher levels of depression (30.5%), anxiety (44.2%), and stress (43.5%) symptoms compared to men. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to MHNO men, the odds of experiencing higher anxiety levels were significantly greater in metabolically unhealthy men whether they were obese (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.25-2.54; P=<0.001) or non-obese (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.17-2.21; P= <0.001), and also in MUO women (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.28-2.34; P=<0.001) compared to MHNO women. Moreover, the odds of experiencing higher stress levels were significantly greater in MUNO men (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02-1.90; P=0.04) compared to MHNO men, and in MUO women (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07-1.96; P=0.02) compared to MHNO women. No difference in having higher levels of depression was observed in either sex. Conclusions: Our results showed that men and women with various obesity phenotypes experience different anxiety and stress levels. While MUO women and all metabolically unhealthy men experienced more anxiety and stress levels than MHNO individuals, none of the obesity phenotypes were associated with depression. These findings provide insight into recognizing the psychological consequences of different phenotypes of obesity.
Sorafenib as a Second-Line Treatment in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in Mexico: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Martin-Aguilar Ana Elena , Núñez-López Haidé Nayeli , Ramirez-Sandoval Juan C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Sequential inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway with sorafenib could be useful for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Our aim was to determine the activity and tolerability of sorafenib as a second-line therapy in advanced RCC initially treated with a different VEGF-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Methods: A prospective observational cohort in Mexico (2012–2019). We included 132 subjects with metastatic RCC and who had progression despite treatment with sunitinib. The primary end-point was time to disease progression as evaluated every 12–16 weeks. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 59 years (interquartile range [IQR] 50-72), 96 (73%) were men, and 48 (36%) had a favorable prognosis according to the IMDC (International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium) prognostic model. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall-survival after the introduction of sorafenib treatment was 8.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.7–10.5) and 40 months (95% CI: 34.5–45.4) respectively. The median overall survival from RCC diagnosis to death was 71 months (95% CI: 58.2–83.8). On multivariable analyses, age >65 years was associated with a longer PFS (HR 0.51; 95% CI: 0.31-0.86; p = 0.018). The median PFS in subjects aged >65 years was longer compared to subjects ≤65 years (14.0 [95% CI: 9.2–18.8] vs . 7.2 months [95% CI: 5.3–9.1]; p = 0.012). Adverse events grade ≥3 associated with sorafenib occurred in 38 (29%) patients. Conclusion: Sequential inhibition of VEGF with sorafenib as a second-line treatment may benefit patients with metastatic RCC, especially in subjects >65 years old.
Feasibility and Outcome of Metacognitive Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Winter Lotta , Schweiger Ulrich , Kahl Kai G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown the effectiveness of Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) in treating different mental disorders. Most of these studies were performed in English speaking countries using the original English version of the manual. Our study aimed to examine the feasibility of the translated MCT manual in a sample of German patients with major depressive disorder.Methods: 20 outpatients (6 male, 14 female, mean age 42.1y) with major depressive disorder were included. The main outcome was drop-out rate and satisfaction with the treatment; secondary outcomes were changes in metacognitive beliefs assessed with the metacognitive questionnaire 30 (MCQ-30), and symptom reduction measured with the Beck Depression Inventory-2 sum score (BDI-2).Results: No drop-outs during the treatment and the follow-up phase were observed. Patients and therapists were highly satisfied with MCT treatment. The MCQ-30 significantly declined over the treatment course, paralleled by a significant reduction of the BDI-2 sum scores (from 29 ± 8.6 at T0 to 8.4 ± 9.6 at the end of treatment).The average treatment duration was 10 ± 4 sessions. Conclusions: Applying the German version of the manual for Metacognitive Therapy proved to be feasible in the treatment of depressed patients in an outpatient setting. The treatment was well tolerated by German patients. Outcome in terms of reduction of depressive symptoms was good. Remarkable is the comparably short treatment duration which should be investigated further in future studies.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS00023644, 17.11.2020 (retrospectively registered).
Development of Targeted Therapy Therapeutics to Sensitize Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Chemosensitivity Utilizing Bacteriophage phi29 Derived Packaging RNA
Authors: Zhang Long , Mu Chaofeng , Zhang Tinghong , Yang Dejun , Wang Chenou , Chen Qiong , Tang Lin , Fan Luhui , Liu Cong , Shen Jianliang , Li Huaqiong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background To date, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment options are limited because of the loss of target receptors and, as a result, are only managed with chemotherapy. What is worse is that TNBC is frequently developing resistance to chemotherapy. By using small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutics, our recent work demonstrated X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) was linked to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer development and chemoresistance. Given the instability, off-target effects, net negative charge, and hydrophobicity of siRNA in vivo utilization and clinical transformation, its use in treatment is hampered. Thus, the development of a siRNA-based drug delivery system (DDS) with ultra-stability and specificity is necessary to address the predicament of siRNA delivery.Results Here, we assembled RNase resistant RNA nanoparticles (NPs) based on the 3WJ structure from Phi29 DNA packaging motor. To improved targeted therapy and sensitize TNBC to chemotherapy, the RNA NPs were equipped with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting aptamer and XBP1 siRNA. We found our RNA NPs could deplete XBP1 expression and suppress tumor growth after intravenous administration. Meanwhile, RNA NPs treatment could promote sensitization to chemotherapy and impede angiogenesis in vivo.Conclusions The results further demonstrate that our RNA NPs could serve as an effective and promising platform not only for siRNA delivery but also for chemotherapy-resistant TNBC therapy.
Strength and Size of Phosphorus-Rich Patches Determine the Foraging Strategy of Neyraudia reynaudiana
Authors: Cai Liping , Wang Yuzhen , Tigabu Mulualem , Hou Xiaolong , Wu Pengfei , Zhou Chuifan , Ma Xiangqing , Cai Liping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Under natural conditions, soil nutrients are heterogeneously distributed, and plants have developed adaptation strategies to efficiently forage patchily distributed nutrient. Most previous studies examined either patch strength or patch size separately and focused mainly on root morphological plasticity (increased root proliferation in nutrient-rich patch), thus the effects of both patch strength and size on morphological and physiological plasticity are not well understood. In this study, we examined the foraging strategy of Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex Hithc, a pioneer grass colonizing degraded sites, with respect to patch strength and size in heterogeneously distributed phosphorus (P), and how foraging patchily distributed P affects total plant biomass production. Plants were grown in sand-culture pots divided into ½, ¼, 1/6 compartments and full size and supplied with 0 + 0/30, 0 + 7.5/30 and 7.5 + 0/30 mg P/kg dry soil as KH2PO4 or 0 + 15/15, 0 + 18.5/ 18.5, 7.5 + 15/15 mg kg−1 in the homogenous treatment. The first amount was the P concentration in the central region, and that the second amount was the P concentration in the outer parts of the pot.Results: After 3 months of growth under experimental conditions, significantly (p < 0.05) high root elongation, root surface area, root volume and average root diameter was observed in large patches with high patch strength. Roots absorbed significantly more P in P-replete than P-deficient patches. Whole plant biomass production was significantly higher in larger patches with high patch strength than small patches and homogeneous P distribution.Conclusion: The result demonstrates that root morphological and physiological plasticity are important adaptive strategies for foraging patchily distributed P and the former is largely determined by patch strength and size. The results also establish that foraging patchily distributed P resulted in increased total plant biomass production compared to homogeneous P distribution.