bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision learning framework for architecture design decisions of complex systems and system‐of‐systems
Authors: Raman Ramakrishnan , D'Souza Meenakshi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArchitecting complex systems and complex system‐of‐systems (SoS) have evinced keen interest recently. Architectural design decisions have a significant bearing on the operational measures of success, referred to as Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs), of the systems and SoS. Architecting complex systems and SoS involves making architecture design decisions despite uncertainty (due to knowledge gaps) on the implications associated with the decisions. The learning of whether the decision is optimal or not, and the impact on the MOEs and the emergent behavior of the SoS, often occur later, resulting in Learning Cycles. This paper proposes an integrated decision learning framework for architecture design decisions for complex systems and SoS. The proposed framework adopts a decision oriented view that factors the uncertainty associated with architectural decisions and the learning cycles and feedback loops experienced. The framework enables leverage of machine learning approaches to learn from the decision learning cycles experienced and factor it into the uncertainty assessments of the decisions. By inculcating various aspects such as knowledge gaps and learning cycles, by building models such as Learning Cycle Model and Uncertainty Model, and by incorporating deployment approaches such as codification of decision attributes and decision uncertainty assessments, the proposed framework enables progressive maturity of the architectural knowledge base and aids robustness in architecture design decisions.
The toxic effects of Fluorene‐9‐bisphenol on porcine oocyte in vitro maturation
Authors: Jiao Xiaofei , Ding Zhiming , Meng Fei , Zhang Xiyu , Wang Yongsheng , Chen Fan , Duan Zequn , Wu Di , Zhang Shouxin , Miao Yiliang , Huo Lijun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFluorene‐9‐bisphenol (9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐fluorene [BHPF]) is a bisphenol A (BPA) substitute used in the production of “BPA‐free” plastics, now has been identified is harmful to living organisms. Our previous study showed that BHPF impaired mouse denuded oocyte in vitro maturation. However, there is a question that whether BHPF is still able to affect oocyte maturation in the presence of dense cumulus cells. In the present study, we checked the toxic effects of BHPF on porcine oocyte maturation which is derived from COCs in vitro culture. Our results showed that BHPF (50 μM) inhibited the expansion of cumulus cells, led to a significant decrease in polar body extrusion (PBE). Importantly, BHPF resulted in abnormal spindle assembly, ATP level decrease, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and early apoptosis in porcine oocytes, which are all negative to oocyte maturation. Furthermore, BHPF also declined porcine oocyte quality by disturbing the cortical granules (CGs) distribution. In conclusion, our study showed that BHPF still inhibited oocyte maturation even in the presence of cumulus cells leading to abnormal spindle assembly, ATP decrease, increased ROS level, early apoptosis, and disturbed CGs distribution in porcine oocytes, and also indicates that BHPF has a wide range toxic effects on oocyte in different species.
Comparing methods of estimating carnivore diets with uncertainty and imperfect detection
Authors: Morin Dana J. , Higdon Summer D. , Lonsinger Robert C. , Gosselin Elyce N. , Kelly Marcella J. , Waits Lisette P. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTCarnivore diet‐selection studies based on scat analyses are frequently used to elucidate predator ecology, predict potential effects on prey populations, and inform management decisions. However, accuracy of results and the following inference are contingent on multiple sources of sampling error including missed detections and pseudoreplication in statistical comparisons that assume independence within scat samples. We compared a repeated‐sampling occupancy framework intended to estimate detection and occurrence rates for diet items with a multinomial modeling approach intended to estimate diet selection while accounting for nonindependence of diet items within samples. Both methods allowed for multimodel inference to specifically test hypotheses about differences in diet. We applied each method to 2 example data sets, a bobcat (Lynx rufus) scat data set (n = 101) collected in western Virginia, USA, from 2011 to 2013 with morphological identification of diet items, and a coyote (Canis latrans) scat data set (n = 50) collected in Tooele County, Utah, USA, in 2014 with molecular identification of diet items, and compared results with those commonly implemented in diet studies (frequency of occurrence calculations). We found imperfect detection of diet items was not a major source of bias in either the morphological or molecular data set results, but grouping similar or indistinguishable diet items in the morphological data set affected estimates when there was heterogeneity in detection among items. Using the occupancy approach on the morphological data set demonstrated that presence or amount of some diet items could decrease detection of other items and bias occurrence estimates. Furthermore, comparing multiple models of bobcat diet using Akaike's Information Criterion with either approach revealed no support for seasonal differences, even though traditional frequency of occurrence calculations differed by almost 10%. Thus, we suggest even moderate trends in diet based on frequency of occurrence calculations without incorporating measures of uncertainty may represent sampling error, and not true differences in diet. When detection is not conditional on other diet items, comparison of multinomial models will typically be sufficient to make accurate inference about carnivore diets without requiring additional processing of scat samples. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
How Economics Becomes Ideology: The Uses and Abuses of Rational Choice Theory
Authors: Blakely Jason 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRational choice theory is often presented as essential to the truly scientific study of economics. To the contrary, in this paper I argue that when rational choice is treated as the key to a science of human agency, it ensnares economics in certain intractable dilemmas. Drawing on hermeneutic philosophy, I argue that economists need to distinguish legitimate from illegitimate uses of rational choice theory. Failure to do so not only leads to self-defeating research goals, but also mires the discipline in an extreme form of free-market ideology. Economists thus have not only empirical but also ethical and political reasons for rejecting the mainstream deployment of rational choice. The paper concludes by briefly sketching a philosophically defensible use of rational choice in economics – one that is more sensitive to the expressive dimensions of human agency and the limits of mechanistic causality.
Introduction
Authors: Kapp Steven K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis edited collection offers a historical overview of the autistic community and neurodiversity movement through first-hand accounts. While the awareness and impact of the movement have grown, apparent misunderstandings persist. Therefore, the editor introduces the neurodiversity movement, documenting concepts via the scientific literature, community activists and advocates, and the contributors themselves. This covers the terms neurodiversity and neurodiversity movement, the breadth of the movement, the rhetorical basis of its advocacy in neurological differences, its overlap with and divergence from the medical model, and its emphasis on self-advocacy. Then the introduction explains the approach to commissioning and editing contributing chapters, the historical background to the subject matter, and how the chapters fit into themes of gaining community, getting heard, and possibly entering the autism establishment.
Torture in the Name of Treatment: The Mission to Stop the Shocks in the Age of Deinstitutionalization
Authors: Neumeier Shain M. , Brown Lydia X. Z. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs autistic activists, Shain M. Neumeier and Lydia X. Z. Brown have been working to close the Judge Rotenberg Center in the US, which has engaged in some of the most egregious forms of such abuse, and more generally to end the use of coercive and abusive forms of “treatment” for autistic and other disabled people, for the past ten years. During that time, both of them have worked toward this goal through multiple avenues, including policy and legal advocacy, grassroots organizing, and media outreach. They believe that the neurodiversity movement’s history is rife with instances of individual and systemic abuse, violence, and trauma which they have been focused on naming and ending.
Changing Paradigms: The Emergence of the Autism/Neurodiversity Manifesto
Authors: Craine Monique 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn 2016 in the Black-E arts centre in Liverpool, UK the Labour Party Autism/Neurodiversity Manifesto launched with the support of activists such as Monique Craine, and leading Members of Parliament of the UK’s Labour Party. The Manifesto draft proposes the Labour Party commit to adopting the policy document which promotes equality, inclusion, and access for people with “neurodivergent” conditions such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and dyspraxia. It states its key principles of valuing neurodiversity through social democracy to dismantle barriers to full participation of neurological minorities in society, the current situation in spheres of life such as social services and employment, and policies to address these sociopolitical problems, making its argument on the grounds of both fairness and economics.
Historicizing Jim Sinclair’s “Don’t Mourn for Us”: A Cultural and Intellectual History of Neurodiversity’s First Manifesto
Authors: Pripas-Kapit Sarah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractJim Sinclair’s 1993 essay “Don’t Mourn for Us” has influenced the neurodiversity movement since its publication. Sinclair’s essay stands out as particularly radical when considered within the context of other autistic writings from the 1980s and early 1990s. While writers such as Temple Grandin and Donna Williams introduced mainstream audiences to the concept of autistic people narrating their own experiences, their works still relied on ableist ideas about autism promoted by non-autistic scientific “experts” and parents. They positioned autism as a tragedy. Sinclair, who was very familiar with parent-centric autism culture, upended those notions by challenging the notion that parental grief was the inevitable result of autism. In doing so, Sinclair played a major role in establishing the intellectual and cultural foundations of neurodiversity.
Autistic People Against Neuroleptic Abuse
Authors: Murray Dinah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn 1998, Dinah Murray founded APANA (Autistic People Against Neuroleptic Abuse), an autistic-led campaign in the UK to stop the overuse of drugs being given to people with intellectual disabilities. The campaign subverted the medicalization of “challenging behavior” and focused on three cases studies of institutionalized autistic adults who were being overprescribed. Murray compiled statistics on their medications and their visits to doctors, found allies, began spreading the message via the internet and using legal recourse. Espousing a non-pathological model of autism, APANA raised awareness of the harms of overmedication in the learning disability world and, perhaps, more caution in the psychiatric world. It may have impacted on some government guidelines, and on the author’s reputation as resourceful and reasonable, which benefitted her future activism.
A Proof of the Weierstraß Gap Theorem not Using the Riemann–Roch Formula
Authors: Paule Peter , Radu Cristian-Silviu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsually, the Weierstraß gap theorem is derived as a straightforward corollary of the Riemann–Roch theorem. Our main objective in this article is to prove the Weierstraß gap theorem by following an alternative approach based on “first principles”, which does not use the Riemann–Roch formula. Having mostly applications in connection with modular functions in mind, we describe our approach for the case when the given compact Riemann surface is associated with the modular curve$$X_0(N)$$X0(N).
Recruited fibroblasts reconstitute the peri-islet membrane: a longitudinal imaging study of human islet grafting and revascularisation
Authors: Nilsson Julia , Fardoos Rabiah , Hansen Lisbeth , Lövkvist Håkan , Pietras Kristian , Holmberg Dan , Schmidt-Christensen Anja 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
Rapid and adequate islet revascularisation and restoration of the islet–extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction are significant factors influencing islet survival and function of the transplanted islets in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Because the ECM encapsulating the islets is degraded during islet isolation, understanding the process of revascularisation and engraftment after transplantation is essential and needs further investigation.

Methods
Here we apply a longitudinal and high-resolution imaging approach to investigate the dynamics of the pancreatic islet engraftment process up to 11 months after transplantation. Human and mouse islet grafts were inserted into the anterior chamber of the mouse eye, using a NOD.ROSA-tomato.Rag2−/− or B6.ROSA-tomato host allowing the investigation of the expansion of host vs donor cells and the contribution of host cells to aspects such as promoting the encapsulation and vascularisation of the graft.

Results
A fibroblast-like stromal cell population of host origin rapidly migrates to ensheath the transplanted islet and aid in the formation of a basement membrane-like structure. Moreover, we show that the vessel network, while reconstituted by host endothelial cells, still retains the overall architecture of the donor islets.

Conclusions/interpretation
In this transplantation situation the fibroblast-like stromal cells appear to take over as main producers of ECM or act as a scaffold for other ECM-producing cells to reconstitute a peri-islet-like basement membrane. This may have implications for our understanding of long-term graft rejection and for the design of novel strategies to interfere with this process.
Esophageal Position Affects Short‐Term Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Uchihara Tomoyuki , Yoshida Naoya , Baba Yoshifumi , Nakashima Yuichiro , Kimura Yasue , Saeki Hiroshi , Takeno Shinsuke , Sadanaga Noriaki , Ikebe Masahiko , Morita Masaru , Toh Yasushi , Nanashima Atsushi , Maehara Yoshihiko , Baba Hideo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnatomical esophageal position may affect the short‐term outcomes after minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). A previous single‐institutional retrospective study suggested that the presence of a left‐sided esophagus (LSE) made MIE more difficult and increased the incidence of postoperative complications.MethodsThe current study was a multicenter retrospective study of 303 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent MIE at six esophageal cancer high‐volume centers in Kyushu, Japan, between April 2011 and August 2016. The patients were divided into the LSE (66 patients) and non‐LSE groups (237 patients) based on the esophageal position on computed tomography images obtained with the patients in the supine position.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that patients with LSE were significantly older than those with non‐LSE (69 ± 8 vs. 65 ± 9 years; P = 0.002), had a significantly greater incidence of cardiovascular comorbidity (65.2% vs. 47.7%; P = 0.013), and a significantly longer operating time (612 ± 112 vs. 579 ± 102 min; P = 0.025). Logistic regression analysis verified that LSE was an independent risk factor for the incidence of pneumonia (odds ratio 3.3, 95% confidence interval 1.254–8.695; P = 0.016).ConclusionsThe presence of a LSE can increase the procedural difficulty of MIE and the incidence of morbidity after MIE. Thus, careful attention must be paid to anatomical esophageal position before performing MIE.
Periodontal disease and influence of periodontal treatment on disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis
Authors: Białowąs Katarzyna , Radwan-Oczko Małgorzata , Duś-Ilnicka Irena , Korman Lucyna , Świerkot Jerzy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of periodontal disease and the effect of periodontal treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). Forty-four RA patients, thirty SpA patients and thirty-nine healthy volunteers were recruited to the study. Periodontal examination included the approximal plaque index (API), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD) and number of teeth. Samples from the deepest periodontal pockets were taken for the detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis DNA with the use of the polymerase chain reaction. All subjects with periodontitis, who completed the study, received periodontal treatment consisting of scaling/root planing and oral hygiene instructions. Disease activity scores, clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed before and 4–6 weeks after periodontal treatment. No significant difference in the prevalence of periodontal disease and the presence of P. gingivalis DNA were found in RA and SpA patients compared to healthy controls. Significantly higher API (80% vs 63%; p = 0.01) and a lower number of teeth (20 vs 25, p = 0.001) were found in RA patients. BoP was significantly elevated in SpA patients (51% vs 33%, p = 0.02). Disease activity measured by the DAS28(CRP) was significantly reduced in RA patients after periodontal treatment (p = 0.002). Clinical and biochemical parameters were not improved in SpA patients. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment had an impact on the decrease in RA activity. Periodontal examination is necessary in patients with RA to detect and treat periodontitis at an early stage.
Validation of the modified Microlife blood pressure monitor in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Huppertz Nina , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Lane Deirdre A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
Undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) accounts for 6% of all strokes, therefore early detection and treatment of the arrhythmia are paramount. Previous research has illustrated that the Microlife WatchBPO3 AFIB, an automated blood pressure (BP) monitor with an inbuilt AF algorithm, accurately detects permanent AF. Currently, limited data exist on whether the modified BP monitor is able to detect paroxysmal AF (PAF). Therefore, this study aims to assess the accuracy of the Microlife WatchBPO3 AFIB monitor to detect PAF against a pacemaker reference standard over a 24-h period.

Methods and results
Forty-eight patients with a pacemaker implanted for sick sinus syndrome and previously documented fast AF participated. Sensitivity of the atrial pacemaker lead was set to allow detection of signals of ≥ 0.5 mV. Patients engaged in their normal daily routine whilst wearing the modified BP monitor. The modified BP monitor demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 76.0% and specificity of 80.8% for detecting PAF. This sensitivity and specificity increased to 100% and 83.1%, respectively, for patients that achieved more than 80% successful BP readings. Compared to day-time readings, night-time readings also demonstrated a lower proportion of movement artefact (14.4% vs. 3.4%), and therefore, a higher sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 84.9%, respectively, for detecting PAF.

Conclusion
The Microlife WatchBPO3 AFIB device has an acceptable diagnostic accuracy to detect PAF; however, movement artefact affects the accuracy of the readings. This modified BP monitor may potentially be useful as a screening tool for AF in patients at high risk of developing stroke.
Symptomatic carotid near-occlusion causes a high risk of recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke
Authors: Gu Thomas , Aviv Richard I. , Fox Allan J. , Johansson Elias 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
To assess the risk of recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke in patients with symptomatic near-occlusion with and without full collapse.

Methods
Included were consecutive patients eligible for revascularization, grouped into symptomatic conventional ≥ 50% carotid stenosis (n = 266), near-occlusion without full collapse (n = 57) and near-occlusion with full collapse (n = 42). The risk of preoperative recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke was analyzed, or, for cases not revascularized within 90 days, 90-day risk was analyzed.

Results
The risk of a preoperative recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke or ipsilateral retinal artery occlusion was 15% (95% CI 9–20%) for conventional ≥ 50% stenosis, 22% (95% CI 6–38%) among near-occlusion without full collapse and 30% (95% CI 16–44%) among near-occlusion with full collapse (p = 0.01, log rank test). In multivariate analysis, near-occlusion with full collapse had a higher risk of recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke (adjusted HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.3) and near-occlusion without full collapse tended to have a higher risk (adjusted HR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9–4.5) than conventional ≥ 50% stenosis. Only 24% of near-occlusion with full collapse underwent revascularization, common causes for abstaining were misdiagnosis as occlusion (31%), deemed surgically unfeasible (21%) and low perceived benefit (10%).

Conclusions
Symptomatic carotid near-occlusion has a high short-term risk of recurrent ipsilateral ischemic stroke, especially near-occlusion with full collapse.
Volume-outcome correlation in adrenal surgery—an ESES consensus statement
Authors: Mihai Radu , Donatini Gianluca , Vidal Oscar , Brunaud Laurent 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Published data in the last decade showed that a majority of adrenal operations are done by surgeons performing only one such case per year and based on the distribution of personal workloads ‘high-volume’ surgeons are defined as those doing 4 or more cases/year.

Purpose
This paper summarises literature data identified by a working group established by the European Society of Endocrine Surgeons (ESES). The findings were discussed during ESES-2019 conference and members agreed on a consensus statement.

Results
The annual of adrenal operations performed yearly in individual countries was reported to be 800/year in UK and over 1600/year in France. The learning curve of an individual surgeon undertaking laparoscopic, retroperitoneoscopic or robotic adrenalectomy is estimated to be 20–40 cases. Preoperative morbidity and length of stay are more favourable in high-volume centres.

Conclusion
The main recommendations are that adrenal surgery should continue only in centres performing at least 6 cases per year, surgery for adrenocortical cancer should be restricted to centres performing at least 12 adrenal operations per year, and an integrated multidisciplinary team should be established in all such centres. Clinical information regarding adrenalectomies should be recorded prospectively and contribution to the established EUROCRINE and ENSAT databases is strongly encouraged. Surgeons wishing to develop expertise in this field should seek mentorship and further training from established adrenal surgeons.