bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of climate model aerosol trends with ground-based observations over the last 2 decades – an AeroCom and CMIP6 analysis
Authors: Mortier Augustin , Gliß Jonas , Schulz Michael , Aas Wenche , Andrews Elisabeth , Bian Huisheng , Chin Mian , Ginoux Paul , Hand Jenny , Holben Brent , Zhang Hua , Kipling Zak , Kirkevåg Alf , Laj Paolo , Lurton Thibault , Myhre Gunnar , Neubauer David , Olivié Dirk , von Salzen Knut , Skeie Ragnhild Bieltvedt , Takemura Toshihiko , Tilmes Simone 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This study presents a multiparameter analysis of aerosol trends over the last 2 decades at regional and global scales. Regional time series have been computed for a set of nine optical, chemical-composition and mass aerosol properties by using the observations from several ground-based networks. From these regional time series the aerosol trends have been derived for the different regions of the world. Most of the properties related to aerosol loading exhibit negative trends, both at the surface and in the total atmospheric column. Significant decreases in aerosol optical depth (AOD) are found in Europe, North America, South America, North Africa and Asia, ranging from −1.2 % yr−1 to −3.1 % yr−1. An error and representativity analysis of the spatially and temporally limited observational data has been performed using model data subsets in order to investigate how much the observed trends represent the actual trends happening in the regions over the full study period from 2000 to 2014. This analysis reveals that significant uncertainty is associated with some of the regional trends due to time and space sampling deficiencies. The set of observed regional trends has then been used for the evaluation of 10 models (6 AeroCom phase III models and 4 CMIP6 models) and the CAMS reanalysis dataset and of their skills in reproducing the aerosol trends. Model performance is found to vary depending on the parameters and the regions of the world. The models tend to capture trends in AOD, the column Ångström exponent, sulfate and particulate matter well (except in North Africa), but they show larger discrepancies for coarse-mode AOD. The rather good agreement of the trends, across different aerosol parameters between models and observations, when co-locating them in time and space, implies that global model trends, including those in poorly monitored regions, are likely correct. The models can help to provide a global picture of the aerosol trends by filling the gaps in regions not covered by observations. The calculation of aerosol trends at a global scale reveals a different picture from that depicted by solely relying on ground-based observations. Using a model with complete diagnostics (NorESM2), we find a global increase in AOD of about 0.2 % yr−1 between 2000 and 2014, primarily caused by an increase in the loads of organic aerosols, sulfate and black carbon.
Validation of Aeolus wind products above the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Baars Holger , Herzog Alina , Heese Birgit , Ohneiser Kevin , Hanbuch Karsten , Hofer Julian , Yin Zhenping , Engelmann Ronny , Wandinger Ulla 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In August 2018, the first Doppler wind lidar in space called Atmospheric Laser Doppler Instrument (ALADIN) was launched on board the satellite Aeolus by the European Space Agency (ESA).
Aeolus measures profiles of one horizontal wind component (i.e., mainly the west–east direction) in the troposphere and lower stratosphere on a global basis. Furthermore, profiles of aerosol and cloud properties can be retrieved via the high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) technique.
The Aeolus mission is supposed to improve the quality of weather forecasts and the understanding of atmospheric processes. We used the opportunity to perform a unique validation of the wind products of Aeolus by utilizing the RV Polarstern cruise PS116 from Bremerhaven to Cape Town in November/December 2018.
Due to concerted course modifications, six direct intersections with the Aeolus ground track could be achieved in the Atlantic Ocean west of the African continent.
For the validation of the Aeolus wind products, we launched additional radiosondes and used the EARLINET/ACTRIS lidar PollyXT for atmospheric scene analysis.
The six analyzed cases prove that Aeolus is able to measure horizontal wind speeds in the nearly west–east direction.
Good agreements with the radiosonde observations could be achieved for both Aeolus wind products – the winds observed in clean atmospheric regions called Rayleigh winds and the winds obtained in cloud layers called Mie winds (according to the responsible scattering regime).
Systematic and statistical errors of the Rayleigh winds were less than 1.5 and 3.3 m s−1, respectively, when compared to radiosonde values averaged to the vertical resolution of Aeolus. For the Mie winds, a systematic and random error of about 1 m s−1 was obtained from the six comparisons in different climate zones.
However, it is also shown that the coarse vertical resolution of 2 km in the upper troposphere, which was set in this early mission phase 2 months after launch, led to an underestimation of the maximum wind speed in the jet stream regions. In summary, promising first results of the first wind lidar space mission are shown and prove the concept of Aeolus for global wind observations.
The quantification of NOx and SO2 point source emission flux errors of mobile differential optical absorption spectroscopy on the basis of the Gaussian dispersion model: a simulation study
Authors: Huang Yeyuan , Li Ang , Wagner Thomas , Wang Yang , Hu Zhaokun , Xie Pinhua , Xu Jin , Ren Hongmei , Remmers Julia , Fang Xiaoyi , Dang Bing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Mobile differential optical absorption spectroscopy (mobile DOAS)
has become an important tool for the quantification of emission sources,
including point sources (e.g., individual power plants) and area emitters
(e.g., entire cities). In this study, we focused on the error budget of
mobile DOAS measurements from point sources, and we also offered
recommendations for the optimum settings of such measurements via a
simulation with a modified Gaussian plume model. Following the analysis, we
conclude that (1) the proper sampling resolution should be between 5 and
50 m. (2) When measuring far from the source, undetectable flux (measured
slant column densities (SCDs) are under the detection limit) resulting from wind dispersion is the main
error source. The threshold for the undetectable flux can be lowered by
larger integration time. When measuring close to the source, low sampling
frequency results in large errors, and wind field uncertainty becomes the
main error source of SO2 flux (for NOx this error also increases, but
other error sources dominate). More measurement times can lower the flux
error that results from wind field uncertainty. The proper wind speed for
mobile DOAS measurements is between 1 and 4 m s−1. (3) The remaining
errors by [NOx] ∕ [NO2] ratio correction can be significant when
measuring very close. To minimize the [NOx] ∕ [NO2] ratio correction error, we recommend minimum distances from the source, at which 5 % of the NO2 maximum reaction rate is reached and thus NOx steady state can be assumed. (4) Our study suggests that emission rates < 30 g s−1 for NOx and < 50 g s−1 for SO2 are not recommended for mobile DOAS
measurements. Based on the model simulations, our study indicates that mobile DOAS
measurements are a very well-suited tool to quantify point source emissions.
The results of our sensitivity studies are important to make optimum use of
such measurements.
Quantifying the effect of ocean bed properties on ice sheet geometry over 40 000 years with a full-Stokes model
Authors: Schannwell Clemens , Drews Reinhard , Ehlers Todd A. , Eisen Olaf , Mayer Christoph , Malinen Mika , Smith Emma C. , Eisermann Hannes 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Simulations of ice sheet evolution over glacial cycles require integration of observational constraints using ensemble studies with fast ice sheet models. These include physical parameterisations with uncertainties, for example, relating to grounding-line migration. More complete ice dynamic models are slow and have thus far only be applied for < 1000 years, leaving many model parameters unconstrained. Here we apply a 3D thermomechanically coupled full-Stokes ice sheet model to the Ekström Ice Shelf embayment, East Antarctica, over a full glacial cycle (40 000 years). We test the model response to differing ocean bed properties that provide an envelope of potential ocean substrates seawards of today's grounding line. The end-member scenarios include a hard, high-friction ocean bed and a soft, low-friction ocean bed. We find that predicted ice volumes differ by > 50 % under almost equal forcing. Grounding-line positions differ by up to 49 km, show significant hysteresis, and migrate non-steadily in both scenarios with long quiescent phases disrupted by leaps of rapid migration. The simulations quantify the evolution of two different ice sheet geometries (namely thick and slow vs. thin and fast), triggered by the variable grounding-line migration over the differing ocean beds. Our study extends the timescales of 3D full-Stokes by an order of magnitude compared to previous studies with the help of parallelisation. The extended time frame for full-Stokes models is a first step towards better understanding other processes such as erosion and sediment redistribution in the ice shelf cavity impacting the entire catchment geometry.
O FINANCIAMENTO ESTUDANTIL PRIVADO/PRÓPRIO: O CASO DA ESTÁCIO PARTICIPAÇÕES S.A.
Authors: Kato Fabiola Bouth Grello , Sousa Leila Maria Costa 
Published: November 2020

Resumo: Este artigo versa sobre o financiamento estudantil privado/próprio. A fim de discutir sobre esta tendência no ensino superior privado/mercantil optou-se por trabalhar com uma empresa educacional em específico, a Estácio Participações S.A. A metodologia consiste em pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental. Os resultados apontam que há uma indução à política de financiamento estudantil privada e que neste contexto os estudantes estão sendo inseridos a um processo de endividamento fruto do novo regime de acumulação de capital financeirizado.
Palavras-chave: Ensino superior. Financiamento estudantil. Estácio Participações S.A. Financeirização da educação.
ENSINO SUPERIOR PÚBLICO E O FUTURE-SE:
Authors: Dos Santos Martins Rosana , Helena Silva Martins Luci 
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as notas e pareceres emitidas pelos Conselhos Universitários das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES) de Minas Gerais acerca do Programa Institutos e Universidades Empreendedoras e Inovadoras – FUTURE-SE apresentadas no ano de 2019. O problema central da pesquisa é analisar se já houve rejeição do projeto ou se as Universidades apresentaram questionamentos e sugestões para uma possível aceitação do programa. Quanto a metodologia, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa. No que tange ao objetivo, a pesquisa pode ser classificada descritiva, com enfoque na utilização da pesquisa de base bibliográfica e na análise de documentos fornecidas nos sites das IFES. Conclui-se que a maioria das IFES rejeitaram ou apresentaram ressalvas quanto ao programa.
Palavras-chaves: notas, pareceres, IFES, Future-se.
Lives jurídicas como interface entre o meio acadêmico e a comunidade
Authors: Cardoso Barzotto Luciane , Kim Jobim Rosana , Duval Martins Renata , Casimiro Siciliani Bruna , Soletti Alles Matheus 
Published: November 2020

A experiência aqui relatada tem com pano de fundo a suspensão total das atividades acadêmicas na modalidade presencial, em razão Pandemia causada pela Covid-19. O mesmo cenário implicou diversas alterações legislativas no campo das relações do trabalho, em sua maioria temporárias (medidas provisórias). O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar que as diversas ferramentas tecnológicas podem fomentar o conhecimento e o debate acadêmico. O instrumento tecnológico central deste projeto foram as lives, realizadas por meio dos aplicativos do Instagram – as quais ocorreram durante os meses de abril e maio, com duração de 1 hora cada – e do YouTube – no dia 03 do mês de agosto do corrente ano, com duração de 04 horas. Tal escolha se justifica pela desburocratização do acesso, pois basta ter o horário e o perfil de usuário que se faz possível o acesso, permitindo a participação não apenas dos discentes, mas da comunidade em geral. Visando a disseminação de um conteúdo atual, nas lives no Instagram foram abordados temas relacionados às medidas provisórias, como: teletrabalho; responsabilidade social empresarial para enfrentamento e superação da pandemia; férias; direito do trabalho digital; extinção do contrato de trabalho em face da Covid-19; liberdade sindical; negociação coletiva; homologação de transação extrajudicial e direito à informação; entre outros temas. Enquanto na live no YouTube foi realizado o “I Seminário Internacional da ASRDT ‘Trabalho e Direito do Trabalho na pandemia: vivências e reflexões’”. Observou-se que todos os participantes (alunos, convidados, palestrantes) puderam se manifestar durante as lives por meio dos "comentários". Além disso, por meio da plataforma Moodle UFRGS, pode-se constatar uma alta adesão ao projeto por parte dos alunos que, em diversos momentos, fizeram questionamentos acerca das questões abordadas nas lives. A atividade no Instagram foi encabeçada pela professora Luciane Cardoso Barzotto, que contou com o apoio de seus alunos e ex-alunos do programa de Mestrado e Doutorado da UFRGS. Já a atividade no YouTube foi coordenada pelas professoras Luciane Cardoso Barzotto e Denise Fincato, com o auxílio de seus orientandos dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFRGS e da PUC/RS. Permitiu-se concluir pela efetividade no campo pedagógico de se diversificar as ferramentas de divulgação de conteúdo, acesso ao conhecimento e às mudanças legislativas trabalhistas tanto para os discentes como para a comunidade em geral no ambiente virtual aberto das mídias sociais.
Palavras-chave: Lives jurídicas. Experiência. Metodologia inovadora. Educação.
Examining How GDPR Challenges Emerging Technologies
Authors: El-Gazzar Rania , Stendal Karen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEmerging technologies, particularly cloud computing, blockchain, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence, have received noticeable attention from research and industry. These technologies contribute to innovation in public and private organizations, but threaten the privacy of individuals. The natural characteristics of these technologies are challenged by the new general data protection regulation (GDPR). In this article, we examine the compliance challenges between these technologies' characteristics and GDPR both individually and when combined. We identified compliance opportunities related to the characteristics of these technologies. We discuss possible approaches to address the compliance challenges identified and raise questions for further research in the area.
The upgrading of middle school: CNR Jed and Don streets, Invercargill
Authors: Buxton F. N. 
Published: November 2020

Work on this building was done in line with Government policy of replacing or structurally upgrading recognised earthquake risk buildings of unreinforced brick masonry. The building has little  of special architectural merit and is  not of any historical significance, frequent reasons for strengthening  rather than replacing. In that regard,  it would be a special case.
The decision to strengthen followed considerable public debate, news media attention and controversy lasting some months and investigations carried out on behalf of the various interested bodies.
With regard to Middle School, the contract for upgrading was under the overall control of the Southland Education Board Architectural Branch with the Dunedin District Office, Ministry of  Works and Development, Structural Division being responsible for the structural concept and design of engineering aspects.
The Dutch International Responsible Business Conduct Agreements
Authors: Scheltema Martijn 
Published: November 2020

The Dutch International Responsible Business Conduct Agreements – Effective Initiatives?
This contribution analyses the effectiveness of the Dutch International Responsible Business Conduct (IRBC) agreements and suggests some avenues for improvement. Several challenges in connection with effectiveness have been identified in evaluations of the IRBC agreements, and these are used as a starting point for the analysis. The focus is on three themes: (i) uptake, leverage and collaboration; (ii) implementation of OECD due diligence including monitoring and (iii) access to remedy. This contribution shows that low uptake may not be a sign of ineffectiveness per se, although in terms of leverage a sufficient number of participants or collaboration between agreements seems important. In connection with due diligence, it is recommended to align the implementation of OECD due diligence. Furthermore, an effective monitoring mechanism by a secretariat, as is currently implemented in the Textile agreement only, is most likely to bring about material changes in business behaviour. Other types of supervision seem less effective. Access to remedy poses a challenge in all IRBC agreements. It is recommended that the expectations the agreements have on access to remedy be clarified, also in connection with the role of signatories to the agreements in cases where they are directly linked to human rights abuse. Furthermore, it is recommended that a dispute resolution mechanism be introduced that enables complaints for external stakeholders against business signatories, comparable to that of the Textile agreement. However, rather than implementing separate mechanisms in all agreements, an overarching mechanism for all agreements should be introduced.
From Skin to Kidneys: The Cutaneous Clues of Renal Disease in Children
Authors: Diplomatico Mario , Marzuillo Pierluigi , La Manna Angela , Apicella Andrea , Guarino Stefano , Piccolo Vincenzo 
Published: November 2020

Background: The skin is often seen as a world apart, but not rarely do cutaneous manifestations reveal signs of systemic disease.
Objectives: The aim of this review is to include in one paper all the possible correlations between nephrological and dermatological manifestations of the same disease in pediatric patients while also keeping in mind that in apparent exclusively dermatological diseases there can be nephrological manifestations as part of the same disorder and vice versa.
Methods: We searched on PubMed for a possible link between skin and kidney matching the following terms and correlated MeSH terms: dermatology, skin, kidney, renal disease, nephrology, pediatrics, child, childhood, vasculitis, and cancer. We selected only articles reporting a link between nephrology and dermatology in pediatrics, and they are all included in this comprehensive review.
Results: Kawasaki disease, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, Dent disease, subcutaneous fat necrosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, renal cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, tuberous sclerosis complex and syndromes with increased risk for Wilms tumor, Fabry disease, nail-patella syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Adams-Oliver syndrome 1, Apert syndrome, Fanconi pancytopenia syndrome, Pallister-Hall syndrome, and Fanconi pancytopenia syndrome are all conditions in which there can be both nephrological and dermatological manifestations in children.
Conclusions: We could not any find reports that focused attention on the link between nephrological and dermatological manifestations of the same disease in children. It is also important for clinicians to keep in mind that in what may appear to be an exclusively dermatological disease, there can be nephrological manifestations as part of the same disorder and vice versa.
Estratégias de ensino para a aprendizagem sobre sepse
Authors: Silva Douglas De Oliveira , Silva Izabela Katiucia Tomaz da , Palmieri Laís Silva , Pires Fabiana Cristina , Nascimento Juliana Da Silva Garcia 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: verificar a efetividade da articulação de métodos tradicionais e ativos de ensino para desenvolver conhecimento de estudantes de enfermagem sobre sepse. Método: estudo quase experimental, transversal, do tipo antes e depois, realizado com 27 estudantes de enfermagem por meio de um workshop sobre sepse. Houve aplicação de 5 estratégias de ensino: palestra expositiva, paródia sobre sepse, debate entre equipes, jogo da memória e estudo de caso, seguidas de teste cognitivo. Após 3 meses, ocorreu nova aplicação do teste cognitivo. Resultados: constatou-se aumento da média de acertos no pós-teste imediato com significância estatística (p 0,001). Três meses após, a média de acertos foi próxima ao teste anteriormente realizado, porém, não houve relevância significativa (p0,05) para retenção do conhecimento. Conclusão: a articulação de métodos tradicionais e ativos de aprendizagem provocam desenvolvimento de conhecimento sobre a sepse.
Redes de atenção à saúde: uma estratégia para integração dos sistemas de saúde
Authors: Damaceno Adalvane Nobres , Lima Maria Alice Dias da Silva , Pucci Vanessa Rodrigues , Weiller Teresinha Heck 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: discutir e refletir sobre as Redes de Atenção à Saúde, seus conceitos teóricos e marcos legais nas políticas de saúde. Método: estudo teórico reflexivo, baseado na literatura científica sobre conceitos teóricos e marcos legais das Redes de Atenção à Saúde. Resultados: a integração dos serviços de saúde é uma resposta à fragmentação do cuidado e possui multiplicidade de conceitos, princípios e dimensões. As Redes de Atenção à Saúde revelam-se como uma estratégia para integração dos serviços e são uma alternativa na qualificação do cuidado. Experiências nacionais e internacionais indicam que o cuidado em rede, garante maior eficácia das ações de saúde com cuidados múltiplos pautados em uma integração sistêmica. Conclusões: a conformação de Redes de Atenção à Saúde colabora para superação do modelo verticalizado. A estruturação é pautada com base no perfil epidemiológico e colabora para melhoria da atenção prestada, com superação de lacunas assistenciais e redução de custos.
Zika Vírus: conhecimentos, sentimentos e rede de apoio social de gestantes
Authors: Oliveira Thiago Gomes de , Martins Elaine Lutz , Ferreira Alaidistania Aparecida , Redivo Elijane De Fátima , Silva Tarciso Feijó da 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: compreender os conhecimentos, os sentimentos e a rede de apoio social de gestantes sob suspeita e diagnóstico positivo de Zika vírus. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 10 gestantes. Os dados foram coletados no segundo semestre de 2017, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados pela técnica de análise temática. Resultados: evidenciou-se o déficit de conhecimento sobre a patologia na gestação e os sinais e sintomas apresentados. Sentimentos negativos como medo, desespero e choro estão associados as possibilidades de repercussão fetal frente à suspeita e diagnóstico de microcefalia do bebê. O cuidado multiprofissional, juntamente com a família e as crenças religiosas foram vistos como rede de apoio para o enfrentamento da doença. Considerações finais: o conhecimento, os sentimentos e a rede de apoio são essenciais para se pensar políticas e a própria organização dos serviços de saúde, na perspectiva do enfretamento e do cuidado em saúde.