bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Varietas Ciherang dan Mekongga di Desa Rogomulyo
Authors: Ratri Marsela Anggita , Yuliawati Yuliawati 
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is to (1) analyze the differences in rice farming of Ciherang and Mekongga varieties, (2) to determine R/C ratio of rice farming in Ciherang and Mekongga varieties, (3) to determine the factors that influence the differences of income in rice farming between Ciherang and Mekongga varieties. This study carried out at Rogomulyo village, Kaliwungu, Semarang. Allegedly factors that affecting the differences income are seed costs, pesticide costs, fertilizer costs, labor costs, grain prices, land area and dummy varieties. The number of farmers who planted Ciherang varieties was 211 people and the number of farmers who planted Mekongga varieties was 158 people. Simple random sampling technique with a sample of 40 Ciherang varieties and 40 Mekongga rice farmers. Data collection is done through interview using questionnaires. Analysis of the data used inclued analysis of unpaired t-test (independent sample t-test), R/C ratio, and multiple linier regression. The results showed that the difference in income of rice farmers of Ciherang and Mekongga varieties was Rp 1.507,056/Ha/planting season but statistically different. The R/C ratio of Ciherang variety rice farming is 2,39 while the R/C ratio of Mekongga varieties is 1,79. Factors that influence income differences are fertilizer costs, labor costs, grain prices, grain prices, land area and production while aeed costs, pesticidae costs, dummy varities have no effect. Keywords : Ciherang R/C ratio, Mekongga R/C ratio, Income difference, Rice farming.
DINAMIKA KERJASAMA EKONOMI INDONESIA DENGAN ANGGOTA ORGANISASI KONFERENSI ISLAM (OKI): POTENSI DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA
Authors: Hidayat Agus Syarip 
Published: October 2019

Sejak Organisasi Konferensi Islam (OKI) berdiri tahun 1969, kerjasama ekonomi antar anggotanya yang berjumlah 57 negara terbilang belum intensif. Salah satu indikasinya adalah rendahnya porsi intra-trade dan intra-investment OKI, serta pertumbuhan mereka yang juga relatif lambat. Penelitian ini membahas dinamika kerja sama ekonomi antara Indonesia dan anggota OKI serta prospek liberalisasi ekonomi OKI dan potensi dampaknya terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Model yang digunakan adalah standard Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP). Analisis menunjukkan bahwa liberalisasi ekonomi OKI berpotensi memberikan dampak sektoral yang beragam bagi Indonesia, khususnya terlihat pada variabel makroekonomi seperti pertumbuhan ekonomi dan inflasi, output industri dan perdagangan. Indonesia dan anggota OKI lainnya dapat memperoleh manfaat optimal ketika diterapkan full liberalization. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia perlu mengambil peran untuk mendorong percepatan dan pendalaman liberalisasi perdagangan yang lebih komprehensif antar anggota OKI. Sebagai langkah awal, Indonesia perlu segera meratifikasi perjanjian Trade Preferential System of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (TPS-OIC). Since the establishment of Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) in 1969, the level of economic cooperation among its 57 member-countries has been limited, indicated by the low portion of intra-trade and intra-investment among the OIC members and their relatively slow growth. This study discusses the dynamic economic cooperation between Indonesia and the OIC members. Further, it analyzes the prospect of OIC economic liberalization and its potential impacts on the Indonesian economy. It uses secondary data and employs the standard of General Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model. It shows that the OIC economic liberalization potentially had varying sectoral impacts on Indonesian economy, which was particularly shown by macroeconomic variables (such as economic growth and inflation), industrial output, and trade. Furthermore, Indonesia and other OIC members would obtain optimum benefits when full liberalization is applied.
PENENTUAN NEGARA PRIORITAS PENGEMBANGAN ATDAG DAN ITPC MELALUI METODE ANALITYCAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
Authors: Hasni Hasni , Faradila Fitria 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kriteria-kriteria penentuan negara prioritas untuk pengembangan Atase Perdagangan (Atdag)/Indonesia Trade Promotion Centre (ITPC), dan mengidentifikasi negara-negara prioritas untuk mengembangkan Atdag/ITPC yang sudah ada atau mendirikan Atdag/ITPC yang baru. Metode pengkajian yang digunakan adalah Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Data sekunder bersumber dari BPS, Fragile States Index, UN COMTRADE, World Bank dan CEPII. Sedangkan data primer diperoleh dari kegiatan FGD dengan para pelaku ekspor, akademisi dan pejabat Disperindag Jakarta dan Yogyakarta. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kriteria yang digunakan dalam pemilihan negara prioritas Atdag dan ITPC secara berturut-turut adalah country risk; commercial infrastructure; market growth; trade complementary index; market intensity; trade openness; dan trade cooperation. Keberadaan Atdag dan ITPC sebagai perwakilan perdagangan berperan penting dalam peningkatan ekspor, sehingga perlu penguatan dan pengembangan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya penguatan Atdag dan ITPC di 16 negara prioritas serta pembentukan Atdag dan atau ITPC baru di tiga negara prioritas, yaitu Myanmar, Swedia dan Austria. This study aims to develop the main criteria to determine priority countries for new Trade Attaché/ITPC Representatives and to identify priority countries for further development of the Trade Attaché/ITPC Representatives.This study employs an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. The secondary data were collected from the BPS, Fragile States Index, UN COMTRADE, World Bank and CEPII. The primary data were collected from qualitative research using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the stakeholders in Jakarta and Yogyakarta. The results showed that the main criteria for choosing countries for establishing Atdag and ITPC in sequence were country risk, commercial infrastructure, market growth, trade complementary index, market intensity, trade openness, and trade cooperation. The presence of Trade Attaché/ITPC Representative in many countries has an important role in increasing Indonesia’s export. However, further efforts are required to strengthen their roles, particularly in 16 countries. This study recommends to establish trade attaché and or ITPC in three potential countries: Myanmar, Sweden and Austria.
DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP USAHA TANI BERAS ORGANIK DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Jakiyah Ulpah , Baga Lukman M , Tinaprilla Netti 
Published: October 2019

Salah satu kebijakan Menteri Pertanian berkenaan dengan ekspor dan impor beras adalah peningkatan ekspor jenis beras khusus, seperti beras organik. Permintaan pasar global beras organik semakin meningkat, tetapi Indonesia menghadapi pesaing seperti Thailand dan Vietnam. Meskipun demikian, petani beras organik di Provinsi Jawa Barat menunjukkan kemampuan daya saingnya dengan keberhasilannya melakukan ekspor ke negara Amerika Serikat, Jerman, Malaysia, Singapura, Belanda, Italia, dan Dubai. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing beras organik, dan mengidentifikasi dampak kebijakan pemerintah terhadap kegiatan usaha tani beras organik. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas beras organik memiliki daya saing yang cukup untuk ekspor, terlihat pada keunggulan kompetitif (Private Cost Ratio) dan komparatif (Domestic Resource Cost Ratio). Penerimaan secara finansial maupun sosial dapat memenuhi biaya input domestik. Keunggulan kompetitif dan komparatif melemah akibat dari adanya pengaruh biaya sertifikasi lahan pada biaya domestik dan biaya kemasan, sedangkan dampak kebijakan pemerintah terhadap input dan output menguntungkan petani. Kebijakan bersifat efektif namun belum efisien akibat belum adanya lembaga penyediaan input seperti pupuk dan benih organik. One of the agriculture minister policies related to rice exports and imports is the increased number of certain type of rice export such as organic rice.The global demand of organic rice market has been increasing but Indonesia is facing competitors, such as Thailand and Vietnam. Nevertheless, organic rice farmers in west java province are showing their competitive capability by exporting to a United States, Germany, Malaysia, Singapore, The netherlands, Italy, and Dubai. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of organic rice, and identify the impacts in government policy for the organic rice farming.The result shows that some varieties of organic rice have adequate export competitiveness, seen from the competitive advantage (private cost ratio) and the comparative advantage (domestic cost ratio) which are positive. The analysis method used was Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The financial and social revenue could cover the input of domestic cost. The competitive and comparative advantages were weakened as a result of the influence of land certification in the domestic and packaging cost, whereas the impact of government policy to input and output is profitable for farmers. The policy is effective but has not been efficient due to lack of input providers such as fertilizer and organic seeds.
ANALISIS INTEGRASI HARGA LADA DI PASAR DOMESTIK DAN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Fazaria Dewi Asrini , Hakim Dedi Budiman , Sahara Sahara 
Published: October 2019

Lada merupakan produk komoditas ekspor Indonesia yang diekspor ke berbagai negara. Ketergantungan lada Indonesia pada pasar ekspor menjadikan harga lada domestik mengikuti fluktuasi harga lada di pasar dunia meskipun harga lada di pasar domestik tidak selalu linier dengan harga lada dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterkaitan harga lada Indonesia dengan harga lada internasional. Data yang digunakan adalah data bulanan dari tahun 1990-2014 dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa harga lada hitam lokal dan lada hitam spot memiliki hubungan integrasi baik pada jangka panjang maupun pendek. Sementara pengaruh timbal balik terjadi pada harga lada putih. Harga lada putih lokal terintegrasi dengan harga lada putih ekspor dan harga lada putih spot baik pada jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Penyaluran informasi harga yang lancar dan dapat diakses oleh setiap pelaku pemasaran sangat perlu untuk diupayakan. Diharapkan dengan adanya kelancaran informasi, pelaku pemasaran khususnya yang berada di tingkat lokal memiliki posisi tawar yang semakin kuat serta dapat terhindar dari praktek yang menyebabkan timbulnya market power dalam pemasaran lada. Pepper is one of the Indonesian commodities which has been exported to various countries.The dependence of Indonesia’s exporting pepper has caused the domestic price of pepper to follow the fluctuations of the world’s market price, even though the domestic price is not necessarily linked to the world market. This study aims to find out the relation between the domestic pepper price to the world’s market price. The data were from 1990-2014 and were analyzed using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method.The results indicated that the price of local black pepper and spot black pepper had good integration relationship in long and short term. Besides, the mutual relation occurs in white pepper price. The price of local white pepper is related to the exported one, and is also related to the price of spot white pepper both in short term and long term. Good distribution of pepper and access to current pricing information is necessary to be done. By using a good access to information, marketing actors especially those at local marketing level will have a stronger bargaining position and therefore it can avoid practices that might cause market power in pepper market.
KONFLIK PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA –CHINA
Authors: Jacob Ferry Samuel 
Published: October 2019

Trade relation between Indonesia and china has faced a certainty constraint. It emeged when the government of Indonesia and China at almost the same time released a public warning and import restriction from each country, there is a worry it would become the central issue of the happening of broader tradeconflic t. A problem actually , was not an action of reciprocating of government of Indonesia and China. It would rather show the problem of product standardization especially concerned health standard .Each country claims the hazardous substances contained in a certainty product which could bring one of the worst diseases for humam health. Moreover, the standard which claimed by both countries based on the product standard applying in each country and has been confessed internationally. Both Indonesia and China was going to solve the problem bilaterally (G to G). Therefore , the conflict will increase the cost of opportunity higher than the benefit for Indonesia and China.
PELUANG EKSPOR JASA INDONESIA KE JEPANG MELALUI MODE 3 (COMMERCIAL PRESENCE) DAN MODE 4 (MOVEMENT OF NATURAL PERSONS) PADA KERJASAMA IJEPA
Authors: Fawaiq Muhammad 
Published: October 2019

Kemitraan ekonomi Indonesia dan Jepang (IJEPA) telah diratifikasi pada tahun 2008. Dalam lima tahun implementasinya, pemanfaatan sektor jasa Jepang oleh Indonesia hanya terbatas pada jasa perawat dan caregiver. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi mengenai komitmen Jepang dan identifikasi sektor jasa yang dibuka oleh Jepang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk membandingkan komitmen antara Indonesia dengan Jepang dan metode Indeks Hoekman untuk memetakan tingkat komitmen sektor jasa kedua negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jepang membuka 137 sub sektor dan rata-rata sebanyak 100 sub sektor diantaranya dibuka tanpa persyaratan. Peluang ekspor tertinggi Indonesia ke Jepang pada moda 3 dan moda 4 yaitu 27 sub sektor jasa bisnis, lima sub sektor jasa komunikasi, dua sub sektor jasa pendidikan, empat sub sektor jasa lingkungan, tiga sub sektor jasa pariwisata, empat sub sektor jasa rekreasi, budaya dan olah raga, enam sub sektor jasa transportasi dan lima sub sektor jasa lainnya. Untuk dapat memanfaatkan peluang tersebut maka pemerintah Indonesia perlu mempromosikan sektor jasanya ke Jepang dan melakukan negosiasi lanjutan terkait penghapusan hambatan-hambatan lain di sektor jasa. Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) has been ratified in 2008. During the 5 years-implementation, Indonesia has been utilizing nurse and caregiver sectors. This research aims to review Japan’s commitment on trade in services and to identify which sectors/sub-sectors that could benefit Indonesia. Descriptive analysis is used to compare the commitments in services sector between Indonesia and Japan and Hoekman Index to map the degree of commitments. The results showed that Japan has committed to open 137 subsectors and to give full commitment to 100 subsectors. Among the services subsectors that can be utilized by Indonesia through Mode 3 (commercial presence) and Mode 4 (movement of natural person) are 27 in businesses, five in communication, two in education, four in recreation, six in transportation and five in other services. This study recommends Indonesia to promote her services sector to Japan and to negotiate in reducing other barriers in services sector.
PERKEMBANGAN NERACA PERDAGANGAN DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA
Authors: Ginting Ari Mulianta 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini menganalisis perkembangan neraca perdagangan Indonesia dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya selama periode Kuartal I tahun 2006 sampai dengan Kuartal II tahun 2013 menggunakan Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Neraca perdagangan Indonesia menunjukkan perkembangan yang positif dalam kurun waktu 2006-2011, dan pertumbuhan negatif selama periode 2012-2013. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek, konsumsi domestik dan nilai tukar riil berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap neraca perdagangan Indonesia, sedangkan variabel Investasi Asing Langsung dan PDB Negara lain berpengaruh positif. Nilai error correction model yang negatif dan signifikan menunjukkan adanya koreksi dari pergerakan variabel pada keseimbangan jangka panjang. Hal ini mengindikasikan pentingnya pemerintah untuk mengeluarkan kebijakan yang tepat untuk mengatasi defisit neraca perdagangan Indonesia, antara lain menjaga stabilitas nilai tukar, mengendalikan konsumsi masyarat terhadap barang impor, dan menarik Foreign Direct Investment. This paper examines the development of Indonesia’s trade balance and its determinant factors from the first quarter of 2006 to the second quarter of 2013 using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The development of trade balance from the year 2006-2011 has shown a positive trend. However between the year 2012 and 2013, the trade balance has been negative.The analysis shows that both in the short run and the long run,the domestic consumption and Real Exchage Rate have negative and significant influence on Indonesia’s trade balance. Whilst Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign GDP have positive effect. The coefficient of Error Correction Model is negative and significant implying that there is correction movement from those variabels in the long run. This study suggests that the Government should make the right policy to overcome the deficit of trade balance by maintaining including exchange rate stability,and household consumption of imported goods as well as by attracting Foreign Direct Investment.
ASEAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTATION FOR INDONESIAN TRADING PERFORMANCE: A GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH
Authors: Effendi Yuventus 
Published: October 2019

Salah satu tujuan dari pelaksanaan AFTA adalah untuk mengurangi hambatan perdagangan dengan mengurangi tarif impor antar anggota ASEAN dengan asumsi bahwa jika tarif lebih rendah atau nol, seharusnya terdapat peningkatan nilai perdagangan antara anggota ASEAN. Penelitian ini menguji apakah pelaksanaan AFTA memiliki dampak pada kinerja ekspor Indonesia dan kontribusi kendala di belakang perbatasan (behind the border constraints) terhadap kinerja ekspor Indonesia seperti administrasi bea dan cukai. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan model gravitasi dengan analisis stochastic frontier yang berbeda dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya tentang kinerja perdagangan Indonesia yang menggunakan estimasi OLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, secara empiris, GDP , jarak, populasi, nilai tukar, tarif, dan keanggotaan di ASEAN signifikan mempengaruhi perdagangan Indonesia dengan negara partner. Lebih lanjut, hasil estimasi stochastic frontier menunjukkan bahwa kendala di belakang perbatasan menurun setiap tahunnya. Namun, ekspor Indonesia masih under trade dengan semua negara ASEAN yang mengindikasikan rendahnya pemanfaatan AFTA. Di sisi lain, ekspor Indonesia over trade dengan Cina dan hampir berada di tingkat yang optimal dengan Amerika Serikat, Jepang, dan Belanda. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pemerintah Indonesia harus mempromosikan lebih banyak ekspor dengan negara-negara ASEAN untuk mencapai tujuan dari deklarasi AFTA dua dekade lalu. One objective of the AFTA implementation is to reduce trading constraints by reducing import tariffs among ASEAN’s members with the assumption that if tariffs are lower or zero, there should be an increase in intra-trading value among ASEAN members. This study examines whether the implementation of the AFTA has had any impact on Indonesia’s export performance and ‘behind the border’ constraints contribution in Indonesia’s exports such as customs administrations. The study uses the gravity model approach with a stochastic frontier analysis which is different from previous research about Indonesia’s trading performance that uses OLS estimation. The results show that, empirically, GDP, distance, population, exchange rate, and membership in ASEAN significantly affect Indonesia’s trading with partner country. Furthermore, stochastic frontier analysis’ results show that ‘behind the border’ constraints decrease overtime. However, Indonesia’s exports is under trade with all ASEAN countries which indicates the low utilisation of AFTA. On the other hand, Indonesia’s exports are over trade with China and almost at optimal level of exports with the US, Japan, and the Netherlands. The implication of this study is that the Indonesian government should promote more exports with ASEAN countries to accomplish the objectives of the AFTA declaration two decades ago.
PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DAN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DI INDONESIA
Authors: Safitriani Suci 
Published: October 2019

Invesment (FDI) di Indonesia dengan menggunakan analisis regresi secara terpisah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan satu arah antara ekspor dan FDI dan terdapat hubungan dua arah antara impor dan FDI di Indonesia. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa FDI memberikan dampak jangka panjang yang positif terhadap ekspor, sementara dalam jangka pendek, FDI berdampak negatif terhadap ekspor. Namun dalam hal impor, ditemukan bahwa FDI memiliki dampak positif terhadap impor meskipun secara statistik tidak signifikan. Oleh karena itu pemerintah perlu mengambil langkah untuk meningkatkan FDI di Indonesia, tidak hanya pada sektor domestik tetapi juga pada sektor yang berorientasi ekspor. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the flow of the international trade and foreign direct investment in Indonesia using a separate Regression analysis. The study found that there is a significant relation between export and FDI and between import and FDI. However, the effect of FDI on the export in the long run is positive while in the short run it was found negative and insignificant. Therefore, the Government needs to formulate policies to promote FDI at both national level as well as at the international level.
ANALISIS MANFAAT SKEMA SUBSIDI RESI GUDANG TERHADAP PETANI DAN INDUSTRI KAKAO
Authors: Hasni . 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis manfaat yang diperoleh petani dan industri pengolahan kakao nasional, jika memanfaatkan skema Sistem Resi Gudang (SRG) yang diberikan oleh pemerintah. Pada skema SRG, pemerintah memberikan subsidi bunga yang akan meringankan beban petani dan menghilangkan ketergantungan petani terhadap pinjaman tengkulak. Skema SRG yang diusulkan terbukti dapat mengatasi permasalahan pendanaan petani kakao dan permasalahan bahan baku industri pengolahan kakao. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa proporsi penyerapan bahan baku yaitu biji kakao fermentasi lokal oleh industri kakao nasional, dengan menggunakan skema SRG meningkat dari 35,3% menjadi 72,4% sedangkan impor biji kakao turun dari 64,7% menjadi 27,6%. Petani memperoleh peningkatan nilai manfaat 229,8% dibanding dengan kondisi sebelum SRG, sedangkan total nilai manfaat pada sistem kakao nasional dengan penggunaan skema SRG mengalami peningkatan 19,5%. This research aims to analyze the benefits of the scheme of warehouse receipt subsidy for both local cocoa farmers and cocoa processed industries. In the scheme government would give an interest subsidy which could help ease the burden of the cocoa farmers and reduce their dependency on money lenders. The result of the proposed model for the scheme could overcome the financial problems of farmer and raw material problem for the cocoa processed industries. Using the scheme, the proportion of the local fermented cocoa bean as a raw material increases from 35,3% to 72,4%, while the import of cocoa bean falls from 64,7% to 27,6%. The farmers could get an increase in the benefit value as large as 229,8% of the value without the scheme while the total benefit value for national cocoa system increases by 19,5%.