bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological findings of denosumab treatment for giant cell tumours of bone
Authors: van Langevelde Kirsten , McCarthy Catherine L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiant cell tumours of bone (GCTB) are benign giant cell-rich tumours typically occurring in the epi-metaphysis of skeletally mature patients. Despite their benign classification, GCTB may be locally aggressive with local recurrence as a challenging issue. Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits osteolysis via the RANK-RANK ligand pathway. There is currently no consensus on optimal treatment duration or imaging modality for monitoring patients on denosumab therapy. This review illustrates the radiological findings of GCTB on denosumab treatment seen on plain radiographs, CT, MRI, PET-CT and DEXA, with reference to the current literature. Recognizing imaging features indicative of a positive response to denosumab is important for therapeutic decision-making. Imaging findings with respect to duration of denosumab treatment, tumour upregulation during treatment, tumour recurrence and malignant transformation are discussed. The development of a sclerotic neocortex and varying degrees of matrix osteosclerosis are seen on plain radiographs. Reconstitution of subarticular bone and articular surface irregularity are optimally evaluated on CT which can also quantify tumour density. MRI demonstrates heterogeneous low signal matrix and is useful to assess decrease in size of cystic and/or soft tissue components of GCTB. A fat-suppressed fluid-sensitive MR sequence is important to detect tumour reactivation. Reduction in 18F-FDG-PET avidity represents an early sensitive sign of response to denosumab treatment. Regardless of imaging modality, close follow-up in a specialist centre and careful evaluation of nonresponders is necessary as local recurrence after cessation of denosumab treatment and malignant transformation of GCTB have been described.
Optic chiasm measurements may be useful markers of anterior optic pathway degeneration in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Juenger Valentin , Cooper Graham , Chien Claudia , Chikermane Meera , Oertel Frederike Cosima , Zimmermann Hanna , Ruprecht Klemens , Jarius Sven , Siebert Nadja , Kuchling Joseph , Papadopoulou Athina , Asseyer Susanna , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Paul Friedemann , Brandt Alexander U. , Scheel Michael 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives
We aimed to evaluate optic chiasm (OC) measures as potential imaging marker for anterior optic pathway damage assessment in the context of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD).

Materials and method
This cross-sectional study included 39 patients exclusively with aquaporin 4-IgG seropositive NMOSD of which 25 patients had a history of optic neuritis (NMOSD-ON) and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). OC heights, width, and area were measured using standard 3D T1-weighted MRI. Sensitivity of these measures to detect neurodegeneration in the anterior optic pathway was assessed in receiver operating characteristics analyses. Correlation coefficients were used to assess associations with structural measures of the anterior optic pathway (optic nerve dimensions, retinal ganglion cell loss) and clinical measures (visual function and disease duration).

Results
OC heights and area were significantly smaller in NMOSD-ON compared to HC (NMOSD-ON vs. HC p < 0.0001). An OC area smaller than 22.5 mm2 yielded a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.92 in separating chiasms of NMOSD-ON from HC. OC area correlated well with structural and clinical measures in NMOSD-ON: optic nerve diameter (r = 0.4, p = 0.047), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r = 0.59, p = 0.003), global visual acuity (r = − 0.57, p = 0.013), and diseases duration (r = − 0.5, p = 0.012).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that OC measures are promising and easily accessible imaging markers for the assessment of anterior optic pathway damage.

Key Points
• Optic chiasm dimensions were smaller in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients compared to healthy controls.
• Optic chiasm dimensions are associated with retinal measures and visual dysfunction.
• The optic chiasm might be used as an easily accessible imaging marker of neurodegeneration in the anterior optic pathway with potential functional relevance.
Variation in mobility and exercise adaptations between Drosophila species
Authors: Cobb Tyler , Sujkowski Alyson , Morton Courtney , Ramesh Divya , Wessells Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLocomotion and mobility have been studied extensively in Drosophila melanogaster but less is known about the locomotor capacity of other Drosophila species, while the response to chronic exercise in other species has yet to be examined. We have shown that adult male D. melanogaster adapt to exercise training with improved running endurance, climbing speed, and flight ability compared to unexercised flies. Here, we examine baseline mobility of D. sechellia, D. simulans, and D. virilis, and their response to chronic exercise training. We found significant interspecific differences in mobility and in the response to exercise. Although there is a significant sex difference in exercise adaptations in D. melanogaster, intraspecific analysis reveals few sex differences in other Drosophila species. As octopamine has been shown to be important for exercise adaptations in D. melanogaster, we also asked if any observed differences could be attributed to baseline octopamine levels. We find that octopamine and tyramine levels have the same rank order as baseline climbing speed and endurance in males, but do not predict the response to chronic exercise in males or females. Future research should focus on determining the mechanisms responsible for the inter- and intraspecific differences in mobility and the response to exercise.
Erfassung der Mundgesundheit von ambulant betreuten Senioren durch Hausärzte
Authors: Barbe Anna Greta , Spiritus Sabine , Hagemeier Anna , Noack Michael J. , Röhrig Gabriele 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Einschränkungen der Mundgesundheit ambulant betreuter Senioren in Deutschland werden trotz hoher Prävalenz im hausärztlich-geriatrischen Bereich nicht routinemäßig erfasst. Da Senioren Hausärzte mit höherem Alter häufiger aufsuchen als Zahnärzte, stellt sich die Frage, ob reduzierte Mundgesundheit im Praxisalltag mit einem interdisziplinären Screeninginstrument identifiziert werden kann.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Arbeit ist, ein Screeninginstrument für reduzierte Mundgesundheit für Hausärzte zu entwickeln und dieses durch zahnmedizinische Befunde zu validieren.

Material und Methoden
Das geriatrische ambulante Mundgesundheits-Screening (GAMS) als subjektives Screeninginstrument wurde entwickelt, um für geriatrische Patienten relevante zahnmedizinische Aspekte wie Kauprobleme, Schmerzen, Parodontitis, Mundgeruch oder Mundtrockenheit in dichotomen Fragen abzubilden. Zudem erfolgt die Einschätzung der Dringlichkeit eines Zahnarztbesuches durch den Behandler. Es wurden n = 75 Patienten eingeschlossen und der GAMS sowie eine zahnärztliche Untersuchung zur Validierung durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Bei subjektiver Einschätzung als auch im zahnmedizinischen Befund zeigte sich reduzierte Mundgesundheit, insbesondere bei Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung systemischer Komorbiditäten wie Dysphagie und Mangelernährung, wobei Mundgesundheitsprobleme durch die Patienten unterschätzt wurden. Einbisse, Kauschwierigkeiten und Mundtrockenheit zeigten ausreichende Übereinstimmung zwischen oralem Befund und subjektiver Einschätzung.

Diskussion
Der GAMS könnte beitragen, die Erwägung und Berücksichtigung von Mundgesundheitsproblemen bei geriatrischen Patienten im hausärztlichen Setting zu erleichtern und die Zusammenarbeit mit Zahnmedizinern im Sinne europäischer Handlungsempfehlungen fördern.
The predictive and prognostic value of low skeletal muscle mass for dose-limiting toxicity and survival in head and neck cancer patients receiving concomitant cetuximab and radiotherapy
Authors: Huiskamp L. F. J. , Chargi N. , Devriese L. A. , de Jong P. A. , de Bree R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the predictive value of low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) for cetuximab dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and its prognostic value in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients treated with concomitant cetuximab and radiotherapy.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with HNSCC and treated with primary or adjuvant concomitant cetuximab and radiotherapy were included. Clinical and demographic variables were retrospectively retrieved and SMM was measured at the level of the third cervical vertebra using pre-treatment diagnostic computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. An optimal cut-off value for low SMM was determined based on the lowest log-likelihood associated with cetuximab DLT. A multivariate linear regression model was used to determine predictive factors for cetuximab DLT. The prognostic value of low SMM for disease-free and overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves.

Results
The optimal cut-off value for low SMM as a predictor of cetuximab DLT was an LSMI ≤ 45.2 cm2/m2. Of the 91 included patients, 74.7% had low SMM and 30.8% experienced cetuximab DLT. At multivariate analysis, low SMM had no predictive value for DLT (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.27–2.56; p = 0.74). The Kaplan–Meier curve demonstrated that patients with low SMM had significantly lower overall survival (Log Rank χ2 = 5.87; p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Low SMM is highly prevalent in HNSCC patients treated with concomitant cetuximab and radiotherapy. Low SMM has no predictive value for cetuximab DLT in HNSCC patients. Low SMM is probably not a prognostic factor for overall survival in highly selected HNSCC patients treated with concomitant cetuximab and radiotherapy and unfit for platin-based chemotherapy.
Lipschitz Continuity and Approximate Equilibria
Authors: Deligkas Argyrios , Fearnley John , Spirakis Paul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study games with continuous action spaces and non-linear payoff functions. Our key insight is that Lipschitz continuity of the payoff function allows us to provide algorithms for finding approximate equilibria in these games. We begin by studying Lipschitz games, which encompass, for example, all concave games with Lipschitz continuous payoff functions. We provide an efficient algorithm for computing approximate equilibria in these games. Then we turn our attention to penalty games, which encompass biased games and games in which players take risk into account. Here we show that if the penalty function is Lipschitz continuous, then we can provide a quasi-polynomial time approximation scheme. Finally, we study distance biased games, where we present simple strongly polynomial time algorithms for finding best responses in$$L_1$$L1and$$L_2^2$$L22biased games, and then use these algorithms to provide strongly polynomial algorithms that find 2/3 and 5/7 approximate equilibria for these norms, respectively.
Design and evaluation of a digitally active drum
Authors: Williams Peter , Overholt Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite the ever growing variety and popularity of commercially available electronic percussion (EP) instruments, there are still a significant number of active musicians who prefer to use acoustic drums. Digitally active drum (DAD) is an enhanced snare drum that provides sonic capabilities associated with digital musical instruments in the form of a traditional acoustic drum allowing full use of acoustic drumming gesture vocabulary. By using an in-built loud speaker and tactile sound transducers system, a Bela Cape and Beagle Bone Black, near field photoelectric sensors and a synthesis and effects patch built in Pure Data (PD), a prototype of a hybrid acoustic - electronic instrument has been made. This prototype has been evaluated by five expert drummers and two co-performers in both group and solo settings in order to determine its effectiveness and potential role in professional music making.
Non-visual homing and the current status of navigation in scorpions
Authors: Prévost Emily Danielle , Stemme Torben 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWithin arthropods, the investigation of navigational aspects including homing abilities has mainly focused on insect representatives, while other arthropod taxa have largely been ignored. As such, scorpions are rather underrepresented concerning behavioral studies for reasons such as low participation rates and motivational difficulties. Here, we review the sensory abilities of scorpions related to navigation. Furthermore, we present an improved laboratory setup to shed light on navigational abilities in general and homing behavior in particular. We tracked directed movements towards home shelters of the lesser Asian scorpionMesobuthus eupeusto give a detailed description of their departure and return movements. To do so, we analyzed the departure and return angles as well as measures of directness like directional deviation, lateral displacement, and straightness indices. We compared these parameters under different light conditions and with blinded scorpions. The motivation of scorpions to leave their shelter depends strongly upon the light condition and the starting time of the experiment; highest participation rates were achieved with infrared conditions or blinded scorpions, and close to dusk. Naïve scorpions are capable of returning to a shelter object in a manner that is directionally consistent with the home vector. The first-occurring homing bouts are characterized by paths consisting of turns about 10 cm to either side of the straightest home path and a distance efficiency of roughly three-quarters of the maximum efficiency. Our results show that neither chemosensation nor vision, but rather path integration based on proprioception, plays a superior role in the homing of scorpions.
An efficient characterization of submodular spanning tree games
Authors: Koh Zhuan Khye , Sanità Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCooperative games form an important class of problems in game theory, where a key goal is to distribute a value among a set of players who are allowed to cooperate by forming coalitions. An outcome of the game is given by an allocation vector that assigns a value share to each player. A crucial aspect of such games is submodularity (or convexity). Indeed, convex instances of cooperative games exhibit several nice properties, e.g. regarding the existence and computation of allocations realizing some of the most important solution concepts proposed in the literature. For this reason, a relevant question is whether one can give a polynomial-time characterization of submodular instances, for prominent cooperative games that are in general non-convex. In this paper, we focus on a fundamental and widely studied cooperative game, namely the spanning tree game. An efficient recognition of submodular instances of this game was not known so far, and explicitly mentioned as an open question in the literature. We here settle this open problem by giving a polynomial-time characterization of submodular spanning tree games.
Correction to: Heat and chilling stress induce nucleolus morphological changes
Authors: Hayashi Kohma , Matsunaga Sachihiro 
Published: April 2020

The article Heat and chilling stress induce nucleolus morphological changes, written by Kohma Hayashi and Sachihiro Matsunaga, was originally published Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume 132, issue 3, page 395–403 the author decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an Open Access publication
Correction to: Extraforal nectary-bearing plant Mallotus japonicus uses diferent types of extraforal nectaries to establish efective defense by ants
Authors: Yamawo Akira , Suzuki Nobuhiko , Tagawa Jun 
Published: April 2020

The article Extraforal nectary-bearing plant Mallotus japonicus uses diferent types of extraforal nectaries to establish efective defense by ants, written by Akira Yamawo.
Generalised Additive Models and Random Forest Approach as effective methods for predictive species density and functional species richness
Authors: Kosicki Jakub Z. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpecies distribution modelling (SDM) is a family of statistical methods where species occurrence/density/richness are combined with environmental predictors to create predictive spatial models of species distribution. However, it often turns out that due to complex multi-level interactions between predictors and the response function, different types of models can detect different numbers of important predictors and also vary in their predictive ability. This is why we decided to explore differences in the predictive power of two most common methods, such as the Generalised Additive Model (GAM) and the Random Forest (RF) on the example of the Great Spotted WoodpeckerDendrocopos majorand the Great Grey ShrikeLanius excubitor,as well as on the taxonomic and functional species richness. For each of the two bird species’ densities and for two measurements of biodiversity, two sets of SDMs were generated: One based on the GAM, and the other on the RF. According to the out-of-bag, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and an independent evaluation, we demonstrated that the GAM is the best method for predicting density of the Great Spotted Woodpecker and taxonomic species richness, whereas the RF has the lowest prediction error for the density of the Great Grey Shrike and functional species richness. It also becomes apparent that the GAM is responsive to taxonomic species richness and species with broad tolerance to environmental factors, i.e. the Great Spotted Woodpecker, while the RF detects more subtle relationships between density and environmental variables, rendering it more suitable for functional species richness and species with a narrow tolerance range to habitats factors, i.e. the Great Grey Shrike. Thus, effective predictive modelling of animal distribution requires considering several different analytical approaches to produce biologically realistic predictions.
Mimicry of Dopamine 1 Receptor Signaling with Cell-Penetrating Peptides
Authors: Lorenzon Nicola , Gestin Maxime , Langel Ülo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, through the use of protein mimicry, a peptide was developed to activate the dopamine 1 receptor signaling pathway from the inside of the cell and in absence of the natural extracellular ligand. The sequence was initially derived from the intracellular interaction site between the activated receptor and the alpha domain of its associated G-protein and subsequently modified to increase its cell-penetrating properties. The peptide was then synthesized via solid phase peptide synthesis, purified and tested on cell models. This novel lipopeptide proved to be capable of efficiently ubiquitously penetrating the cell without the need for transfection agents or chiral recognition by specific pathways. Furthermore, the peptide induced the cellular response normally achieved through the activation of the receptor in cells that had not been treated with the natural ligand. The peptide could work as a candidate substitute to l-DOPA, leading the way for a peptides-based treatment for Parkinson’s disease.
The effects of climate on decomposition of cattle, sheep and goat manure in Kenyan tropical pastures
Authors: Zhu Yuhao , Merbold Lutz , Leitner Sonja , Pelster David E. , Okoma Sheila Abwanda , Ngetich Felix , Onyango Alice Anyango , Pellikka Petri , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aims
Decomposition of manure deposited onto pasture from grazing animals represents an important process for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in grassland systems. However, studies investigating manure decomposition are scarce; especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods
In this study, we measured decomposition of three types of animal manure (cattle, sheep, goat) over >1 year using litter bags at four climatically different sites across Kenya. Results Manure dry matter, total C, total N and ammonium concentrations decreased exponentially, with the most rapid decrease occurring during the first few weeks following application, followed by slower changes during the following 2–3 months. Rates of N mineralization were lower than those for C mineralization, resulting in decreasing C/N ratios over time. Generally, cattle manure decomposed faster than sheep or goat manure despite having a higher initial C/N ratio and lower N concentration, with decomposition rates for dry matter ranging from 0.200 to 0.989 k year−1. Cellulose decomposed first, while lignin concentrations increased among all manure types and at all sites.

Conclusions
We found that total manure decomposition rates were positively correlated with cumulative precipitation and aridity index, but negatively correlated with mean temperature. Our results show much slower decomposition rates of manures in semi-arid tropical environments of East Africa as compared to the few previous studies in temperate climates.
Identifying a Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase (CCD4) Gene Controlling Yellow/White Fruit Flesh Color of “Piqiutao” (White Fruit Flesh) and Its Mutant (Yellow Fruit Flesh)
Authors: Wen Lu , Wang Yongqing , Deng Qunxian , Hong Min , Shi Si , He Shanshan , Huang Yan , Zhang Hui , Pan Cuiping , Yang Zhiwu , Chi Zhuoheng , Yang Yunmiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo better understand the fruit flesh coloration mechanism of peach (Prunus persica), the composition and accumulation of carotenoids were compared, the expression profile of key genes involved in carotenoid biosynthetic and catabolic pathways was performed, and the differentially expressed genes were identified using “Piqiutao” (white fruit flesh) and its mutant yellow “Piqiutao” at different fruit development stages. The results showed that the total carotenoid content in yellow “Piqiutao” was remarkably higher than that of “Piqiutao,” and the accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene was significantly different, which was most likely caused by the differential expression of CCD4. Therefore, CCD4 may be an essential gene that causes the yellow fruit flesh of yellow “Piqiutao.” However, the coding region sequence of CCD4 was entirely identical, and the intron was inserted by a retrotransposon in “Piqiutao” and its mutant, indicating that the expression difference was not caused by the sequence mutation and retrotransposon insertion.