bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Point of Care Diagnostics: Visual Detection of Meningitis Pathogens Directly from Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Kovtunov Evgeny A. , Shkodenko Liubov A. , Goncharova Ekaterina A. , Nedorezova Daria D. , Sidorenko Sergey V. , Koshel Elena I. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRapid and cost‐efficient methods for diagnostics of infectious diseases can expedite prescription of adequate treatment, thus shortening the patients’ recovery and reducing adverse side effects. In this study, we developed a procedure for visual detection of bacterial pathogens Gram‐negative Neisseria meningitidis and Gram‐positive Streptococcus pneumoniae directly from human samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The assay uses hybridization probes that can efficiently recognize folded single‐stranded DNA analytes due to their split design. The assay includes the following stages: PCR amplification of N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae targeted sequences; λ exonuclease treatment of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons, and detection of the amplicons by hybridization probes with visual signal output. The assay requires 2.0 h with hands‐on time of about 40 min, and a regular PCR thermal cycler. It detects down to 10 bacteria in 2 μL of cerebrospinal fluid. The assay works for both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria and does not require optimization of PCR conditions. This development creates a basis for the point‐of‐care diagnostics of bacterial meningitis with visual signal output.
Sulfuration‐Triggered Radical Cyclization of o‐Cyanoarylacrylamides to 3‐Thiomethylated Quinoline‐2,4‐dione
Authors: Yin Zizhen , Yu Yingjie , Li Chunxiang , Mei Haibo , Zhu Kai , Han Jianlin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA radical cascade sulfuration/cyclization of o‐cyanoarylacrylamides with dicumyl peroxide as an oxidant and thiols as coupling partners has been developed. This reaction was conducted under simple conditions and showed wide substrate scope, affording the corresponding products in good chemical yields. This work provides a new and efficient strategy for the preparation of 3‐thiomethylated quinoline‐2,4‐diones.
3,4‐Dinitrofurazan: Structural Nonequivalence of ortho‐Nitro Groups as a Key Feature of the Crystal Structure and Density
Authors: Suponitsky Kyrill Y. , Smol'yakov Alexander F. , Ananyev Ivan V. , Khakhalev Artem V. , Gidaspov Alexander A. , Sheremetev Aleksei B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBeing a liquid at room temperature, the crystalline form of 3,4‐dinitrofurazan (DNF) has long been the subject of theoretical predictions. Its detonation performance in the solid state was calculated based on very high crystal density (1.89–2.02 g/cm3) predicted by different theoretical schemes. Using zone melting technique, we were able to grow a DNF single crystal of suitable quality for X‐ray diffraction study. The experimental density was found to be 1.917 g/cm3 at 100 K, which corresponds to 1.85 g/cm3 at room temperature, that is lower than erlier predictions. We found that the ortho‐nitro groups of DNF are not equivalent and behave differently upon the crystal structure formation, which was not taken into account in the theoretical estimates carried out earlier. It has now been shown that using the ΔOED‐based densification approach, this “ortho‐effect” can be clarified and quantified. The observed effect is probably characteristic of all polynitro compounds, where nitro groups are brought together, and should be kept in mind when constructing high density materials.
Pyrazole‐Enaminones as Promising Prototypes for the Development of Analgesic Drugs
Authors: Moraes Paulo A. , Brum Evelyne S. , Brusco Indiara , Marangoni Mário A. , Lobo Marcio M. , Camargo Adriano F. , Nogara Pablo A. , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P. , Da Rocha João Batista T. , Oliveira Sara M. , Zanatta Nilo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study reports the chemo‐ and regioselective synthesis, at good yields, of (E)‐4‐(amino)‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐5‐(4,5‐alkyl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pent‐3‐en‐2‐ones (pyrazole‐enaminones), from the ofN‐alkylation reaction of trifluoromethyl pyrazoles with 5‐bromo enaminones. The obtained compounds were tested as potential analgesics in a screening test involving mice. Three of these compounds significantly reduced the spontaneous nociception induced by the application of capsaicin, which is an algogenic substance. Compound5 gpresented satisfactory antinociceptive activity compared to celecoxib, a drug used as a positive control, without promoting locomotor changes in the mice. Moreover, molecular modeling simulations showed that compound5 ginteracts with the cyclooxygenase enzyme at the same binding site as celecoxib. Together, our data suggest that compound5 gis a promising prototype for the development of new analgesic drugs.
Comparison of Starch Characteristics from Pigmented and Non‐Pigmented Sorghum Cultivars before and after Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Jaiswal Vivek , Rawat Kauslesh Pan Singh , Gupta Arijit Dutta , Bhadauria Vivek , Chavan Uttam , Kalita Dipankar , Singh Harinder 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStarch is extracted from the seeds of a pigmented (Phule Rohini) and a non‐pigmented (Phule Maldandi) Indian sorghum cultivar using same wet milling method for both cultivars. This study is focused on investigation of the effect of the pigment on starch characteristics. Isolated starches differing in color are irradiated with an electron beam dose of 5 kGy and compared by measuring physicochemical, structural, pasting, and digestibility properties. Amylose content increases after irradiation and the increase is greater in the case of Phule Maldandi starch. The pigmented starch shows higher carboxyl content after irradiation which may be due to higher amylopectin content. Granular morphology remains constant after irradiation. Irradiation causes a decrease in swelling power and an increase in pasting viscosity of both starches. Color content of red sorghum starch is not changed significantly after irradiation. The increase in pasting viscosity and solubility of non‐pigmented starch is more drastic in nonpigmented starch than in pigmented starch after irradiation. Resistant starch decreases after irradiation which indicates opening up of granular structure or hydrolytic action of irradiation. Pigmented starch can have potential applications in custard powder and bakery products.
A wavelet‐based approach for describing the mechanical behaviour of cellular beams
Authors: Rajana Komal , Alonso‐Rodríguez Andrés , Tsavdaridis Konstantinos Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper describes how a wavelet model comprised of a linear combination of sine terms is capable of representing the cross‐section inertia variation along the length of cellular beams. This allows the efficient computation of deflections of cellular beams when these are deployed as a part of steel‐concrete composite flooring systems. This method does not involve purely statistical approaches or piece‐wise integration of moment‐curvature relationships that lead to cumbersome matrix approaches and complicate the assessment of deflections. Despite its simplicity, the proposed approach is found to be reliable as it successfully predicts displacements obtained through finite element model representations of more than 260 cases with errors smaller than ±5 %. Furthermore, the proposed analytical description of cross‐section inertia along the beam length is defined by only three parameters that can be inferred through linear expressions considering the geometrical characteristics of a perforated beam, namely, the ratio of flange to web thickness, the second moment of inertia of the steel beam and the ratio between beam length and depth, making it easy for widespread application by practitioners.
An evaluation of the optimality of frequent verification for vertically integrated systems
Authors: Kulkarni Aditya U. , Salado Alejandro , Xu Peng , Wernz Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVerification activities, such as inspection, testing, analysis, and demonstration, improve one's confidence in the system meeting the system requirements during the development process. Frequent verification is often advocated as a strategy that minimizes costs of rework over the entire design process, where frequent verification involves verifying after any change in the design. However, this strategy is yet to be validated. In this paper, we develop a belief‐based model of verification in systems design to determine the conditions under which frequent verification is an optimal strategy for a vertically integrated organization. Our model uses belief distributions to capture the organization's dynamic confidence in the system design meeting a requirement of interest during the development process. It also captures the organization's dynamic confidence in the correctness of its development activities (or design process) as a function of past verification activities and current system maturity. The analysis of our model shows that frequent verification is a cost‐minimizing strategy for any level of belief in satisfying the requirement only when the organization has high confidence in the correctness of its design activities and the expected cost to rework a faulty design is greater than the costs to set up the verification activities throughout the development process. Otherwise, strategies with infrequent verification are superior. Our work contributes to the growing body of literature on the theoretical foundations of systems engineering and engineering design and seeks to provide practitioners with a means to determine optimal verification strategies.
Quantification of hydraulic redistribution in maize roots using neutron radiography
Authors: Hayat Faisal , Zarebanadkouki Mohsen , Ahmed Mutez Ali , Buecherl Thomas , Carminati Andrea 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlants redistribute water from wet to dry soil layers through their roots, in the process called hydraulic redistribution. Although the relevance and occurrence of this process are well accepted, resolving the spatial distribution of hydraulic redistribution remains challenging. Here, we show how to use neutron radiography to quantify the rate of water efflux from the roots to the soil. Maize (Zea mays L.) plants were grown in a sandy substrate 40 cm deep. Deuterated water (D2O) was injected in the bottom wet compartment, and its transport through the roots to the top dry soil was imaged using neutron radiography. A diffusion–convection model was used to simulate the transport of D2O in soil and root and inversely estimate the convective fluxes. Overnight, D2O appeared in nodal and lateral roots in the top compartment. By inverse modeling, we estimated an efflux from lateral roots into the dry soil equal to jr = 2.35 × 10−7 cm−1. A significant fraction of the redistributed water flew toward the tips of nodal roots (3.85 × 10−8 cm3 s−1 per root) to sustain their growth. The efflux from nodal roots depended on the roots’ length and growth rate. In summary, neutron imaging was successfully used to quantify hydraulic redistribution. A numerical model was needed to differentiate the effects of diffusion and convection. The highly resolved images showed the spatial heterogeneity of hydraulic redistribution.
Biofiltration for treatment of recent emerging contaminants in water: Current and future perspectives
Authors: Thuptimdang Pumis , Siripattanakul‐Ratpukdi Sumana , Ratpukdi Thunyalux , Youngwilai Atcharaporn , Khan Eakalak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis review article discusses the current state of knowledge on water treatment and reuse by biofiltration systems focusing on biologically enhanced activated carbon (BAC) process. First, the applications of BAC in water treatment systems are overviewed, and then, the mechanisms for both biofilm formation and contaminant treatment are discussed along with the operational parameters influencing the performance of BAC process. Since contaminant removal by BAC is governed by adsorption and biodegradation, both processes are reviewed in relation to the treatment mechanisms. Information on removal of recent emerging contaminants including nitrogenous and unregulated disinfection by‐products (DBPs) and their precursors, poly‐ and perfluorofluoroalkyl substances, nanoparticles, and plasticizers and microplastics by BAC is given along with suggestions for treatment improvements and future research. The uniqueness of this review includes insights on relevant biofilm aspects and the coverage on the abilities of BAC for treatment of recent and less common emerging contaminants especially unregulated DBPs and their precursors, nanoparticles, and plasticizers and microplastics. For future BAC studies, recommendations are proposed on exploring the biofilm development on media and recent emerging contaminants as co‐contaminants, as well as developing novel supporting materials such as biochar.Practitioner points

The amount and the physiology and physical structure of biofilm affect the treatment efficiency of biological activated carbon.
Biological activated carbon is capable of removing a majority of nitrogenous and unregulated disinfection by‐products.
Whether and how biological activated carbon is impacted by and/or can remove nanoparticles, and plasticizers and microplastics remain largely unknown.
Future work on biological activated carbon should focus on biofilm evolution and control, and novel support materials.
Vorgehen
Authors: Reuter Britta 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel der Arbeit ist, unter Nutzung der Technikfolgenabschätzung (TFA) als theoretischem Fundament, einen wissenschaftlichen Beitrag zur Untersuchung der Öffnung des öffentlichen Einkaufs im Unterschwellenbereich zu leisten. Entlang von insgesamt 11 Kapiteln kommt ein Methodenmix bestehend aus Literaturauswertung, Online-Befragung, Portalanalyse und vergleichender Analyse internationaler Best Practices zum Einsatz. Da es sich um ein Nischenthema an der Schnittstelle zwischen Verwaltungsinformatik, Wirtschaftsinformatik, Public Management und Vergaberecht handelt, wird einerseits auf bestehende Informationen im Rahmen der Literaturauswertung und Best Practices zurückgegriffen, andererseits werden auch neue Daten in Form der Online-Befragung und Portalanalyse erzeugt.
Risikowahrnehmung und Informationsverhalten von Meinungsführenden im Lebensmittelbereich
Authors: Lindemann Ann-Kathrin , Jungnickel Katrin , Böl Gaby-Fleur 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungMeinungsführer*innen sind Personen, die in ihrem sozialen Umfeld die Meinungen, Einstellungen oder das Verhalten von anderen Personen beeinflussen können. Sie können insbesondere in sozialen Netzwerken im Internet auch größere Zielgruppen erreichen und stellen deshalb eine zentrale Zielgruppe für die Risikokommunikation dar. Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für eine gelungene Risikokommunikation ist eine genaue Kenntnis der Risikowahrnehmung der entsprechenden Zielgruppe, um diese bei der Entwicklung von Kommunikationsmaßnahmen berücksichtigen zu können. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde deshalb untersucht, inwieweit es einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Risikowahrnehmung von Lebensmittelthemen und themenspezifischer Meinungsführerschaft gibt. Hierzu wurde eine repräsentative Telefonbefragung der Bevölkerung in Deutschland durchgeführt (n = 1001). Demnach weisen Meinungsführer*innen bei einigen Themen eine etwas höhere Risikowahrnehmung gegenüber Lebensmittelrisiken auf als Nicht-Meinungsführer. Sie sind zudem an diesen Themen deutlich stärker interessiert und greifen häufiger über bestimmte Medien auf Informationen zu Lebensmittelthemen zu. Meinungsführer*innen sind zudem häufiger in sozialen Medien aktiv und können so im dortigen Stimmengewirr durch ihr spezielles Wissen und ihre Einschätzungen eine wertvolle Orientierung für ihr soziales und digitales Umfeld bieten.
Technological and nutritional aspects of milk chocolate enriched with grape pomace products
Authors: Bolenz Siegfried , Glöde Laura 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe French paradox is the observation of low heart disease death rates despite high intake of cholesterol and saturated fat, possibly related to the consumption of red wine containing polyphenols. Those are also found in pomace and affect health as radical catchers inhibiting cancer, inflammations and arteriosclerosis. European cocoa regulation allows incorporating up to 40% of added foodstuffs into chocolate, so grape pomace can be used. Cocoa itself is known as a very good source of phenolic compounds, and consequently dark chocolate is considered to have similar health benefits as red wine. Milk chocolates contain only little fat-free cocoa dry matter; therefore, grape pomace is considered most beneficial here. Entire pomace or flour from seeds have been tested to evaluate technical aspects as well as the impact on chocolate properties like particle size distribution, flow properties, total phenol content, antioxidative capacity and sensory perception. Initial trials revealed that additional drying and also pre-grinding was necessary before pomace can be used as an ingredient. Various samples were produced by the coarse conching process, which uses a ball mill for size reduction below 30 µm. A difficulty arises when some tough particles slip through without being properly ground; D99-values can be used to better control this issue. Grape pomace contains almost as many polyphenols as cocoa liquor, so it can serve as a substitute. Its content and thus quality depends on gentle drying. Finally, adding, e.g., just 3.5% was able to significantly increase the polyphenol contents of milk chocolate.
Long-term follow-up of intraocular pressure and pressure-lowering medication in patients following Excimer laser trabeculotomy
Authors: Deubel C. , Böhringer D. , Anton A. , Reinhard T. , Lübke J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Excimer laser trabeculotomy (ELT) is a minimally invasive procedure to lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) via a photo-ablative laser that is applied to the trabecular meshwork. With this procedure, it is possible to improve the outflow of the aqueous humor. Until now, a limited number of studies examining mostly relatively small sample sizes with midterm follow-up exist. We therefore present the analysis of a large ELT cohort in a long-term follow-up.

Methods
We recorded data from 580 patients who underwent ELT or combined ELT with cataract surgery at our institution from November 2000 until March 2011. A total of 512 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEX), and ocular hypertension (OHT) were included in the analysis. At every follow-up examination, the usage of IOP-lowering medication and the IOP were recorded. Failure criteria were defined as the need for another surgical glaucoma procedure, when the IOP was not 21 mmHg or less and a reduction of 20% from the baseline was not achieved with (qualified success) or without (absolute success) additional medication. Statistical analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression.

Results
Four hundred twenty-eight patients underwent combined cataract and ELT surgery, and 84 underwent solitary ELT surgery. After a median follow-up time of 656 days, 87% (combined surgery) and 66% (ELT) of the patients did not have to undergo another IOP-lowering intervention; 47/31% were classified as a qualified success and 31/11% as a complete success. The IOP-lowering medication, however, could not be significantly reduced within that time period.

Conclusion
Especially when combined with cataract surgery, ELT is a feasible minimally invasive procedure to lower the IOP on a mid- to long-term basis. Over the long term, however, IOP-lowering medication could not be reduced.
Learning within sustainable educational innovation: An analysis of teachers’ perceptions and leadership practice
Authors: Fix G. M. , Rikkerink M. , Ritzen H. T. M. , Pieters J. M. , Kuiper W. A. J. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInnovative initiatives in education often have problems with their sustainability. The present study focuses on three educational innovations that have proved to be sustainable over time. We used a qualitative research approach to study and identify essential features of sustainable educational innovation. Two theoretical frameworks were used to guide the study: the integrated model for sustainable innovation (IMSI) and self-determination theory (SDT). Both frameworks take a different perspective upon learning; IMSI presents learning at the individual level, the team level and the organizational level to be the heart of sustainable innovation, and SDT presents how learning can be improved. The research question focused upon how the SDT concepts of autonomy, competence and relatedness were perceived within sustainable innovation, expressed by the IMSI framework, by teachers and school leaders. Based on our findings we demonstrate that the framework of IMSI and SDT can effectively be applied as a frame of analysis to identify essential features of sustainability in educational innovations and we discuss how concepts of SDT deepen the knowledge of sustainable educational innovation.
A Liouville theorem for Lévy generators
Authors: Kühn Franziska 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnder mild assumptions, we establish a Liouville theorem for the “Laplace” equation $$Au=0$$

A
u
=
0

associated with the infinitesimal generator A of a Lévy process: If u is a weak solution to $$Au=0$$

A
u
=
0

which is at most of (suitable) polynomial growth, then u is a polynomial. As a by-product, we obtain new regularity estimates for semigroups associated with Lévy processes.
ISA, a High Sensitivity Accelerometer in the Interplanetary Space
Authors: Santoli Francesco , Fiorenza Emiliano , Lefevre Carlo , Lucchesi David Massimo , Lucente Marco , Magnafico Carmelo , Morbidini Alfredo , Peron Roberto , Iafolla Valerio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractISA (Italian Spring Accelerometer) is a high sensitivity accelerometer flying, as scientific payload, on-board one of the two spacecraft (the Mercury Planetary Orbiter) of BepiColombo, the first ESA mission to Mercury. The first commissioning phase (performed in the period November 2018 - August 2019) allowed to verify the functionality of the instrument itself as well as of the related data handling and archiving system. Moreover, the acceleration measurements gathered in this time frame allow to envisage the potentiality of such an instrument as a high-accuracy monitor of the spacecraft mechanical environment.
The Mind of the Hungry Agent: Hunger, Affect and Appetite
Authors: Ombrato Michele Davide , Phillips Edgar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide an account of how hunger motivates us to seek food and eat. It seems that the way that it feels to be hungry must play some role in it fulfilling this function. We propose that hunger is best viewed as a complex state involving both affective (viz., hedonic) and somatic constituents, as well as, crucially, changes in the way in which the hungry agent’s attention is deployed. We argue that in order to capture the distinctive way in which hunger motivates we need to articulate the relations amongst such components. The resulting account explains how hunger as an aversive affective reaction to a state of need motivates us specifically to eat and not to just to rid ourselves of the unpleasant sensations associated to it. We suggest, however, that there is more than this to the overall affective experience of the hungry agent, because hunger ordinarily facilitates the elicitation of other, positive affective reactions such as interest and appetite, and recruits them to further its function.