bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroacupuncture therapy ameliorates motor dysfunction via brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pak Malk Eun , Ahn Sung Min , Jung Da Hee , Lee Hong Ju , Ha Ki Tae , Shin Hwa Kyoung , Choi Byung Tae 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra. However, specific sensory stimulation via electroacupuncture (EA) therapy may attenuate this loss by promoting the expression of endogenous neurotrophic factors in a manner similar to physical therapy. We investigated the potential protective effects of EA on dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of PD and whether these effects are associated with the promotion of endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Mouse models of PD were generated using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine. Motor performance was assessed using behavioral tests, and Western blot experiments, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and immunohistochemical assays were performed. In both mouse models, EA treatment ameliorated motor impairments and dopaminergic neuron loss; these changes were accompanied by increases in BDNF and GDNF. In the MPTP group, EA treatment improved motor dysfunction by attenuating dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra, similar to the effects of levodopa. EA treatment significantly upregulated BDNF and GDNF expression in both the substantia nigra and striatum. Moreover, EA treatment induced the expression of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) as well as Akt and Pitx3 in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. However, levodopa treatment did not induce BDNF/GDNF activation or related signaling factors. Thus, EA therapy may exert protective effects on dopaminergic neurons by upregulating the expression of BDNF, GDNF, and related signaling factors, thereby improving motor function. Hence, EA may represent an effective adjuvant therapy for motor deficits in patients with PD.
Separating the scattered wavefield from teleseismic P using curvelets on the long beach array data set
Authors: Zhang Jia , Langston Charles A 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARYA dense seismic array, composed of over 5000 stations with an average spacing close to 120 m was deployed in Long Beach, CA, by NodalSeismic and Signal Hill Petroleum as part of a survey associated with the Long Beach oilfield. Among many interesting wave propagation effects that have been reported by others, we observe that the coda of teleseismic P waves display waves caused by obvious local scattering from the Signal Hill popup structure between strands of the Newport-Inglewood fault. The density of the seismic array allows space-based methods, such as the Curvelet transform, to be investigated to separate the teleseismic and local scattered wavefields. We decompose a synthetic wavefield composed of a teleseismic plane wave and local scattered spherical wave in the curvelet domain to test the plausibility of our curvelet analysis and then apply the technique to the Long Beach array data set. Background noise is removed by a soft thresholding method and a declustering technique is applied to separate the teleseismic and local scattered wavefield in the curvelet domain. Decomposed results illustrate that the signal-to-noise ratio of the teleseismic P wave can be significantly improved by curvelet analysis. The scattered wavefield is composed of locally propagating Rayleigh waves from the pop-up structure and from the Newport Inglewood fault itself. Observing the wavefield both in space and time clearly improves understanding of wave propagation complexities due to structural heterogeneity.
Oxidized regenerated cellulose for a clear thoracoscopic view: a single-centre randomized trial
Authors: Shimizu Nahoko , Tanaka Yugo , Kuroda Sanae , Nakamura Hayate , Matsumoto Gaku , Mitsui Suguru , Sakai Shuto , Minami Kazuhiro , Doi Takefumi , Hokka Daisuke , Maniwa Yoshimasa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
During video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), blood oozing from the surface of the access port wound can hamper the surgical view. Although this oozing is difficult to prevent, it can be decreased by placing a wound edge protector with oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) on the surface of the access port wound, thereby improving the surgical outcomes and safety of VATS.

METHODS
We conducted a prospective, single-centre, open-label, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the operative outcomes of VATS when using the ORC (ORC group) compared with operative outcomes without using the ORC (non-ORC group). The primary end point was interruption of the operation as a result of blood oozing from the surface of the access port wound. The secondary end points were the other intraoperative and postoperative outcomes.

RESULTS
A total of 108 patients were divided into the ORC group (n = 54) and the non-ORC group (n = 54). Compared with the non-ORC group, the ORC group had fewer patients with an interruption in the operation (11.1% vs 51.8%; P &lt; 0.001), less need for wound haemostasis of the access ports during wound closure (44.4% vs 72.2%; P = 0.003), similar rates of postoperative deaths and complications and a tendency for shorter operation times (149.3 vs 168.8 min, respectively; P = 0.083).

CONCLUSION
The use of an ORC sheet around a wound edge protector for haemostasis can ensure a clear view during VATS.

Clinical trial registration number
UMIN000031112.
A weak maximum principle for optimal control problems with mixed constraints under a constant rank condition
Authors: Andreani Roberto , Antunes de Oliveira Valeriano , Tomaz Pereira Jamielli , Nunes Silva Geraldo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Necessary optimality conditions for optimal control problems with mixed state-control equality constraints are obtained. The necessary conditions are given in the form of a weak maximum principle and are obtained under (i) a new regularity condition for problems with mixed linear equality constraints and (ii) a constant rank type condition for the general non-linear case. Some instances of problems with equality and inequality constraints are also covered. Illustrative examples are presented.
A Tannakian Framework forG-displays and Rapoport–Zink Spaces
Authors: Daniels Patrick 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe develop a Tannakian framework for group-theoretic analogs of displays, originally introduced by Bültel and Pappas, and further studied by Lau. We use this framework to define Rapoport–Zink functors associated to triples $(G,\{\mu \},[b])$, where $G$ is a flat affine group scheme over ${\mathbb{Z}}_p$ and $\mu$ is a cocharacter of $G$ defined over a finite unramified extension of ${\mathbb{Z}}_p$. We prove these functors give a quotient stack presented by Witt vector loop groups, thereby showing our definition generalizes the group-theoretic definition of Rapoport–Zink spaces given by Bültel and Pappas. As an application, we prove a special case of a conjecture of Bültel and Pappas by showing their definition coincides with that of Rapoport and Zink in the case of unramified EL-type local Shimura data.
Ebola Patient Virus Cycle Threshold and Risk of Household Transmission of Ebola Virus
Authors: Reichler Mary R , Bruden Dana , Thomas Harold , Erickson Bobbie Rae , Knust Barbara , Duffy Nadia , Klena John , Hennessy Thomas ,   the Household Transmission Investigative Team, Bangura James , Keimbe Charles , Jambai Amara , Morgan Oliver , Farmar Ismail , Davies Francis , Mohamed Dumbuya Sima , Kamara Hannah , Mohamed Kallon Yayah , Kpukumu Joseph , Abu Sheku , Bangura Fatmata , Saidu Bangura Rahim , Bangura Tomeh , Benya Hassan , Blango Sandi , Conteh Imurana , Conteh Peter , Jabbie Bintu , Jabbie Sheku , Kamara Luseni , Lansana Francis , Rogers Maada , Sahr Sewa Brima , Yamba Matthew , Bessler P , Washburn Faith , Ervin E , Campbell S , Chung W , Nichols E , Hersey S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Identifying risk factors for household transmission of Ebola virus (EBOV) is important to guide preventive measures during Ebola outbreaks.

Methods
We enrolled all confirmed persons with EBOV disease who were the first case patient in a household from December 2014 to April 2015 in Freetown, Sierra Leone, and their household contacts. Index patients and contacts were interviewed, and contacts were followed up for 21 days to identify secondary cases. Epidemiologic data were linked to EBOV real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold (Ct) data from initial diagnostic specimens obtained from enrolled index case patients.

Results
Ct data were available for 106 (71%) of 150 enrolled index patients. Of the Ct results, 85 (80%) were from blood specimens from live patients and 21 (20%) from oral swab specimens from deceased patients. The median Ct values for blood and swab specimens were 21.0 and 24.0, respectively (P = .007). In multivariable analysis, a Ct value from blood specimens in the lowest quintile was an independent predictor of both increased risk of household transmission (P = .009) and higher secondary attack rate among household contacts (P = .03), after adjustment for epidemiologic factors.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest the potential to use Ct values from acute EBOV diagnostic specimens for index patients as an early predictor of high-risk households and high-risk groups of contacts to help prioritize EBOV disease investigation and control efforts.
Assessment of in situ techniques to determine indigestible components in the feed and feces of cattle receiving supplemental condensed tannins1
Authors: Norris Aaron B , Tedeschi Luis O , Muir James P 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReliable assessments of indigestible dietary components are required when using internal markers to estimate diet digestibility and determine the potentially digestible portion of the fiber. The lack of a standardized methodology and understanding of how antinutritional factors influence indigestible residues can result in erroneous estimates with inconsistent variation across trials and among studies. Previous studies have detailed suitable bag porosity and sample size (SS) with incubation length (IL) varying from 96 to 504 h, with many assuming that 288-h IL yields truly indigestible components. Recent studies have primarily investigated the variation that exists among feedstuffs, but most have failed to account for possible effects of secondary compounds. Using 2 similar concentrate diets, one of which contained supplemental condensed tannins (CT), we investigated the effect of bag type (BT; 10 and 25 μm), SS (20 and 40 mg/cm2), and IL (288 and 576 h) on in situ indigestible DM (iDM) and neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) residues of feed and feces, and resultant DM and NDF digestibilities. There were no 3-way interactions (P &gt; 0.05), but 2-way interactions were present for iDM and iNDF residues with BT × SS influencing the control (no CT) ration (P &lt; 0.01), SS × IL impacting feed containing CT (P &lt; 0.01), and BT × IL affecting both feedstuffs (P ≤ 0.01). For the control diet, only BT × SS affected DM and NDF digestibilities. Whereas the CT diet did not demonstrate any significant interactions for digestibilities. Values of iDM were largely influenced by contamination that varied greatly based on intrinsic factors associated with the bag and incubation duration. The presence of CT influenced iDM and iNDF to varying degrees due to possible trapping of CT–substrate complexes. For the control diet, the use of 25-μm bags resulted in lower fecal recoveries relative to the 10 μm (P &lt; 0.01). However, there appears to be a dynamic relationship among BT, SS, and IL within respective diets and sample types that can affect indigestible components and resultant digestibility estimates. Based on simulations from these data, the sample size required to attain 90% power when utilizing 2 incubation animals exceeds the triplicate and quadruplicate replications commonly utilized. Further emphasizing the necessity for a more complete understanding of incubation dynamics to design biologically and statistically valid investigations.
Dietary tributyrin supplementation and submaximal exercise promote activation of equine satellite cells
Authors: Gonzalez Madison L , Jacobs Robert D , Ely Kristine M , Johnson Sally E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Postexercise skeletal muscle repair is dependent on the actions of satellite cells (SCs). The signal(s) responsible for activation of these normally quiescent cells in the horse remain unknown. The objective of the experiment was to determine whether submaximal exercise or tributyrin (TB) supplementation is sufficient to stimulate SC activation. Adult geldings were fed a control diet (n = 6) or a diet containing 0.45% TB (n = 6). After 30 d, the geldings performed a single bout of submaximal exercise. Middle gluteal muscle biopsies and blood were collected on days −1, 1, 3, and 5 relative to exercise. Diet had no effect on any parameter of physical performance. Total RNA isolated from the gluteal muscle of TB fed geldings contained greater (P &lt; 0.05) amounts of myogenin mRNA than controls. Satellite cell isolates from TB supplemented horses had a greater (P = 0.02) percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunopositive (PCNA+) SC than controls after 48 h in culture. Submaximal exercise was sufficient to increase (P &lt; 0.05) the percentage of PCNA(+) cells in all isolates obtained during recovery period. No change in the amount of gluteal muscle Pax7 mRNA, a lineage marker of SCs, occurred in response to either diet or exercise. Our results indicate that both submaximal exercise and TB prime SCs for activation and cell cycle reentry but are insufficient to cause an increase in Pax7 expression during the recovery period.
CBDR: An efficient storage repository for cultural big data
Authors: Sharma Seemu , Bawa Seema 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cultural data and information on the web are continuously increasing, evolving, and reshaping in the form of big data due to globalization, digitization, and its vast exploration, with common people realizing the importance of ancient values. Therefore, before it becomes unwieldy and too complex to manage, its integration in the form of big data repositories is essential. This article analyzes the complexity of the growing cultural data and presents a Cultural Big Data Repository as an efficient way to store and retrieve cultural big data. The repository is highly scalable and provides integrated high-performance methods for big data analytics in cultural heritage. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed repository outperforms in terms of space as well as storage and retrieval time of Cultural Big Data.
The impact of inhomogeneous subgrid clumping on cosmic reionization
Authors: Mao Yi , Koda Jun , Shapiro Paul R , Iliev Ilian T , Mellema Garrelt , Park Hyunbae , Ahn Kyungjin , Bianco Michele 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTCosmic reionization was driven by the imbalance between early sources and sinks of ionizing radiation, both of which were dominated by small-scale structure and are thus usually treated in cosmological reionization simulations by subgrid modelling. The recombination rate of intergalactic hydrogen is customarily boosted by a subgrid clumping factor, 〈n2〉/〈n〉2, which corrects for unresolved fluctuations in gas density n on scales below the grid-spacing of coarse-grained simulations. We investigate in detail the impact of this inhomogeneous subgrid clumping on reionization and its observables, as follows: (1) Previous attempts generally underestimated the clumping factor because of insufficient mass resolution. We perform a high-resolution N-body simulation that resolves haloes down to the pre-reionization Jeans mass to derive the time-dependent, spatially varying local clumping factor and a fitting formula for its correlation with local overdensity. (2) We then perform a large-scale N-body and radiative transfer simulation that accounts for this inhomogeneous subgrid clumping by applying this clumping factor-overdensity correlation. Boosting recombination significantly slows the expansion of ionized regions, which delays completion of reionization and suppresses 21 cm power spectra on large scales in the later stages of reionization. (3) We also consider a simplified prescription in which the globally averaged, time-evolving clumping factor from the same high-resolution N-body simulation is applied uniformly to all cells in the reionization simulation, instead. Observables computed with this model agree fairly well with those from the inhomogeneous clumping model, e.g. predicting 21 cm power spectra to within 20 per cent error, suggesting it may be a useful approximation.
Low-degree mixed modes in red giant stars with moderate core magnetic fields
Authors: Loi Shyeh Tjing , Papaloizou John C B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Observations of pressure-gravity mixed modes, combined with a theoretical framework for understanding mode formation, can yield a wealth of information about deep stellar interiors. In this paper, we seek to develop a formalism for treating the effects of deeply buried core magnetic fields on mixed modes in evolved stars, where the fields are moderate, i.e. not strong enough to disrupt wave propagation, but where they may be too strong for non-degenerate first-order perturbation theory to be applied. The magnetic field is incorporated in a way that avoids having to use this. Inclusion of the Lorentz force term is shown to yield a system of differential equations that allows for the magnetically-affected eigenfunctions to be computed from scratch, rather than following the approach of first-order perturbation theory. For sufficiently weak fields, coupling between different spherical harmonics can be neglected, allowing for reduction to a second-order system of ordinary differential equations akin to the usual oscillation equations that can be solved analogously. We derive expressions for (i) the mixed-mode quantisation condition in the presence of a field and (ii) the frequency shift associated with the magnetic field. In addition, for modes of low degree we uncover an extra offset term in the quantisation condition that is sensitive to properties of the evanescent zone. These expressions may be inverted to extract information about the stellar structure and magnetic field from observational data.
Star formation at the Galactic Centre: coevolution of multiple young stellar discs
Authors: Mastrobuono-Battisti Alessandra , Perets Hagai B , Gualandris Alessia , Neumayer Nadine , Sippel Anna C 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Studies of the Galactic Centre suggest that in situ star formation may have given rise to the observed stellar population near the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). Direct evidence for a recent starburst is provided by the currently observed young stellar disc (2–7 Myr) in the central 0.5 pc of the Galaxy. This result suggests that star formation in galactic nuclei may occur close to the SMBH and produce initially flattened stellar discs. Here, we explore the possible build-up and evolution of nuclear stellar clusters near SMBHs through in situ star formation producing stellar discs similar to those observed in the Galactic Centre and other nuclei. We use N-body simulations to model the evolution of multiple young stellar discs and explore the potential observable signatures imprinted by such processes. Each of the five simulated discs is evolved for 100 Myr before the next one is introduced in the system. We find that populations born at different epochs show different morphologies and kinematics. Older and presumably more metal-poor populations are more relaxed and extended, while younger populations show a larger amount of rotation and flattening. We conclude that star formation in central discs can reproduce the observed properties of multiple stellar populations in galactic nuclei differing in age, metallicity, and kinematic properties.
899. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Children Hospitalized with Respiratory Illness in the United States, 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 Seasons
Authors: Campbell Angela P , Ogokeh Constance E , McGowan Craig , Rha Brian , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Staat Mary A , Weinberg Geoffrey A , Boom Julie A , Englund Janet A , Williams John V , Halasa Natasha B , Szilagyi Peter G , Harrison Christopher J , Klein Eileen J , McNeal Monica , Michaels Marian G , Sahni Leila C , Stewart Laura S , Lively Joana Y , Beacham Lauren , Payne Daniel C , Fry Alicia M , Patel Manish 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Annual national estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) typically measure protection against outpatient medically attended influenza illness. We assessed influenza VE in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization in children across two influenza A(H3N2)-predominant seasons.

Methods
Children < 18 years hospitalized with acute respiratory illness were enrolled at 7 pediatric hospitals in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. We included subjects ≥6 months with ≤10 days of symptoms enrolled during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 seasons (date of first through last influenza-positive case for each site). Combined mid-turbinate and throat swabs were tested using molecular assays. We estimated age-stratified VE from a test-negative design using logistic regression to compare the odds of vaccination among cases positive for influenza with controls testing negative, adjusting for age, enrollment month, site, underlying comorbidities, and race/ethnicity. Full/partial vaccination was defined using ACIP criteria. We verified vaccine receipt from state immunization registries and/or provider records.

Results
Among 3441 children with complete preliminary data, in 2016–2017, 156/1,710 (9%) tested positive for influenza: 91 (58%) with influenza A(H3N2), 5 (3%) with A(H1N1), and 60 (38%) with B viruses. In 2017–2018, 193/1,731 (11%) tested positive: 87 (45%) with influenza A(H3N2), 47 (24%) with A(H1N1), and 58 (30%) with B. VE for all vaccinated children (full and partial) against any influenza was 48% (95% confidence interval, 26%–63%) in 2016–2017 and 45% (24%–60%) in 2017–2018. Combining seasons, VE for fully and partially vaccinated children against any influenza type was 46% (32%–58%); by virus, VE was 30% (4%–49%) for influenza A(H3N2), 71% (46%–85%) for A(H1N1), and 57% (36%–70%) for B viruses. There was no statistically significant difference in VE by age or full/partial vaccination status for any virus (table).

Conclusion
Vaccination in the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 seasons nearly halved the risk of children being hospitalized with influenza. These findings support the use of vaccination to prevent severe illness in children. Our study highlights the need for a better understanding of the lower VE against influenza A(H3N2) viruses.

Disclosures
All Authors: No reported Disclosures.