bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking study of new acridine‐9‐carboxamide linked to 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives as antidiabetic agents targeting α‐glucosidase
Authors: Asgari Mohammad S. , Tahmasebi Behnam , Mojtabavi Somayeh , Faramarzi Mohammad A. , Rahimi Rahmatollah , Ranjbar Parviz R. , Biglar Mahmood , Larijani Bagher , Rastegar Hossein , Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Maryam , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new series of acridine‐9‐carboxamide‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives 7a‐m were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as novel α‐glucosidase inhibitors. Acridine‐9‐carboxamide‐1,2,3‐triazole scaffold has been designed by combination of effective moieties from potent α‐glucosidase inhibitors. Most of the synthesized compounds were more potent than standard inhibitor acarbose. Among the title compounds, the most potent compounds were compounds 7j, 7k, and 7a with IC50 values of 120.2 ± 1.0, 151.1 ± 1.4, and 157.6 ± 1.6 μM, respectively (IC50 value of acarbose = 750.0 ± 10.0 μM). Docking study of the most potent compounds demonstrated that these compounds formed stable complexes with α‐glucosidase active site. Anti‐α‐amylase assay of compounds 7j, 7k, and 7a was performed and no activity was observed. in vitro cytotoxicity assay of the latter compounds revealed that these compounds were not cytotoxic toward human normal (HDF) and cancer (MCF‐7) cell lines. ADME and toxicity prediction of compounds 7j, 7k, and 7a were also performed.
Nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer‐specific survival of chondroblastic osteosarcoma patients
Authors: Gao Zhongyang , Zhou Songlin , Song Hui , Wang Yiqun , He Xijing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe establishment of precise and personalized prediction systems for chondroblastic osteosarcoma patients is important for guiding the treatment.MethodsThe univariate logrank test and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Nomograms were constructed to estimate the OS and CSS based on these factors. Internal and external validation was performed. The predictive power of the nomograms was determined by C‐index and calibration plots.ResultsA total of 401 chondroblastic osteosarcoma cases were identified. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that age at diagnosis, histological grade, tumor size, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results stage, and surgical resection were independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS. The five factors were incorporated to construct the nomograms for estimating the 3‐ and 5‐year OS and CSS. The C‐index values for the internal validation of the OS and CSS nomogram were 0.732 and 0.746, respectively, and for the external validation were 0.780 and 0.808, respectively. The calibration curves revealed that the predicted OS and CSS could well match the actual survival rate.ConclusionsThe nomograms for predicting 3‐ and 5‐year OS and CSS were constructed and were proved to be accurate and reliable by the internal and external validation.
RETRACTED: Forensic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of one branch of Tai‐Kadai language‐speaking Hainan Hlai (Ha Hlai) via 23 autosomal STRs included in the Huaxia™ Platinum System
Authors: Li Wenhui , Wang Xianwen , Wang Xiehong , Wang Fenfen , Du Zhengming , Fu Fangshu , Wu Wenlong , Wang Shuya , Mu Ziqing , Chen Chunwei , Hu Xiaomin , Ding Jiuyang , Meng Yunle , Qiu Pingming , Fan Haoliang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHainan Island, located in the South China Sea and separated from the Leizhou Peninsula by Qiongzhou Strait, is the second largest island after Taiwan in China. With the expansion of Han Chinese and the gradual formation of “South Hlai and North Han”, nowadays, Hainan Hlai is the second largest population after Han Chinese in Hainan Island. Ha Hlai, distributed in southwest and southern Hainan Island, is the dominant branch of Hlai and speaks Ha localism.MethodsWe utilized the Huaxia™ Platinum PCR Amplification System (including 23 autosomal STRs and 2 sex‐linked markers) to obtain the first STR profiling batch of 657 Ha Hlai individuals (497 males and 160 females). In order to explore the genetic relationships between the studied Ha Hlai and other reference populations with different language families, population genetic analyses, including PCA, MDS, STRUCTURE, and phylogenetic analysis, were conducted based upon the raw data and allelic frequencies of the polymorphic autosomal STR markers.ResultsIn total, 271 distinct alleles were observed at the 23 STR loci. The number of diverse alleles ranged from 7 at TPOX locus to 23 at FGA locus, and the allelic frequencies varied from 0.0008 to 0.5533. In addition, the CPE and CPD were 1‐7.39 × 10−10 and 1‐3.13 × 10−28, respectively. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that Ha Hlai is a Tai‐Kadai language‐speaking and relatively isolated population which has a close genetic and geographical relationship with Hainan Hlai, and M95 is the dominant haplogroup in Ha Hlai (56.18%).ConclusionThe 23 autosomal STR genetic markers were highly polymorphic as well as potentially useful for forensic applications in Hainan Ha Hlai population. The phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that small geographic scale gene flows could not be ignored and the shaping of the unique gene pool for each population was the combination effects of geographic, language, and cultural isolations.
Profiles of depression in a treatment‐seeking Hispanic population: Psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9
Authors: Killian Michael O. , Sanchez Katherine , Eghaneyan Brittany H. , Cabassa Leopoldo J. , Trivedi Madhukar H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesScreening instruments can be powerful tools in assisting primary care providers with detecting depression in their patients and monitoring treatment response. Health disparities among racial and ethnic minorities result from inaccurate assessment in primary care.MethodsThe current study used baseline data from two federally funded research studies of treatment for depression among Hispanics in primary care. The Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) was administered at baseline prior to the study interventions, and 499 participants provided responses.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses found excellent factor validity for the PHQ‐9, yet reliability remained poor. Possible heterogeneity in depressive item scores was examined, and latent profile analysis identified four distinct profiles of PHQ‐9 responses. Profiles included a lower depression, moderate/somatization, moderate/negative self‐view, and severe depression profiles. Results indicate modest support for the PHQ‐9 and its use among Hispanics for the purpose of depression screening.ConclusionCapturing four profiles of depression in a large primary care sample helps characterize the manifestation of depression in a Hispanic population. The single item related to fatigue had the greatest variation across groups indicating it might be useful as a screening item. Inadequate evaluation of symptoms could lead to significant under identification of the disorder among Hispanics.
Review of Preterm Human‐Milk Nutrient Composition
Authors: Gates Amy , Marin Terri , Leo Gianluca De , Stansfield Brian K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe human milk–fed preterm infant is at risk for growth failure, micronutrient deficiencies, and neurocognitive delay. Although protective and better tolerated than formula, human milk alone cannot meet the high nutrient requirements of this population, and fortification is necessary. Clinicians use assumptions of preterm human‐milk composition to determine the type and quantity of fortification.ObjectivesThe objectives of this review were to identify evidence of macronutrient and micronutrient concentration in preterm human milk and to identify knowledge gaps regarding composition.MethodsPubMed and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were used to identify original articles published between January 1950 and December 2019.ResultsTwenty‐seven articles were found containing original data on macronutrients and micronutrients. Most (67%) of the studies published after 2011 measured the macronutrients and included gestational ages from 28 to 36 weeks. Milk collection methods, experimental design, and analytical methods varied between studies. There are 15 countries represented in this review; all of the American studies (n = 7) were published from 1980 to 1984.ConclusionsAfrican American women, or women delivering before 28 weeks’ gestation are not represented in the literature. Accurate and targeted human‐milk fortification depends on comprehensive, complete, and representative human‐milk nutrient data. We have aggregated all available preterm human‐milk macronutrient and micronutrient data and reported trends associated with lactation stage and gestational age. This report can aid in the design of feeding plans that are appropriate for the gestational age of the preterm infant and the lactation stage of the breastmilk.
Neuropsychological characteristics of adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder without intellectual disability
Authors: Hida Masami , Hayashi Wakaho , Okajima Yuka , Takashio Osamu , Iwanami Akira 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsWhile several studies have reported various cognitive impairments in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the neuropsychological profiles of adults with this disorder are understudied. Here, the intelligence and memory functions of adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder without intellectual disability were evaluated.MethodsThe Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition and Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised were administered to 30 adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder whose full‐scale intelligence quotients were >85. Diagnoses were based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV criteria. Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales—Self‐Report—screening version and the Autism Spectrum Quotient were also evaluated.ResultsIn the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition, the verbal intelligence quotient was significantly higher than the performance intelligence quotient and the verbal comprehension score was the highest among the secondary indices. In the Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised, the visual memory score was the highest measure. Although the verbal intelligence quotient had no correlation with any Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised measures, the performance intelligence quotient was significantly correlated with the visual memory and attention scores of the Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised. Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales hyperactive‐impulsive score was significantly correlated with the verbal intelligence quotient, whereas the inattention score was not correlated with any measures of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition or Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised.ConclusionsThe results suggest that while adults with normal‐intelligence attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder have comparatively high verbal comprehension and social knowledge, their ability of information processing and visual‐motor coordination are relatively weak.
On the nature of thiamine triphosphate in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hofmann Manuel , Loubéry Sylvain , Fitzpatrick Teresa B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVitamin B1 is a family of molecules, the most renowned member of which is diphosphorylated thiamine (TDP)—a coenzyme vital for the activity of key enzymes of energy metabolism. Triphosphorylated thiamine derivatives also exist within this family, specifically thiamine triphosphate (TTP) and adenosine thiamine triphosphate (ATTP). They have been investigated primarily in mammalian cells and are thought to act as metabolic messengers but have not received much attention in plants. In this study, we set out to examine for the presence of these triphosphorylated thiamine derivatives in Arabidopsis. We could find TTP in Arabidopsis under standard growth conditions, but we could not detect ATTP. Interestingly, TTP is found primarily in shoot tissue. Drivers of TTP synthesis are light intensity, the proton motive force, as well as TDP content. In plants, TTP accumulates in the organellar powerhouses, the plastids, and mitochondria. Furthermore, in contrast to other B1 vitamers, there are strong oscillations in tissue levels of TTP levels over diel periods peaking early during the light period. The elevation of TTP levels during the day appears to be coupled to a photosynthesis‐driven process. We propose that TTP may signify TDP sufficiency, particularly in the organellar powerhouses, and discuss our findings in relation to its role.
How the Reading for Understanding Initiative’s Research Complicates the Simple View of Reading Invoked in the Science of Reading
Authors: Cervetti Gina N. , Pearson P. David , Palincsar Annemarie S. , Afflerbach Peter , Kendeou Panayiota , Biancarosa Gina , Higgs Jennifer , Fitzgerald Miranda S. , Berman Amy I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdvocates of the science of reading have invoked the simple view of reading (SVR) to justify an approach that foregrounds decoding in early reading instruction. The SVR, which describes comprehension as the product of decoding and listening comprehension, also served as the primary theoretical model underlying the Reading for Understanding (RfU) initiative. Research funded under the RfU initiative included direct examinations of the validity of the SVR and the nature of its underlying components and extended the SVR in studies of middle school and high school readers. In this article, the authors use research conducted under the RfU initiative to examine the validity and utility of the SVR, in general, and the appropriateness of its application in the “science of reading” debate. RfU research has provided not only evidence in support of the overall SVR model but also important cautions relevant to the “science of reading” debate. In particular, RfU has provided evidence regarding the significance of the listening comprehension component of the SVR, often overlooked by advocates of the science of reading. This research has documented the importance of early oral language skills, which support both decoding and listening comprehension in young readers and plays a critical role in students’ success as readers as they move through school. In addition, RfU research has identified a complicated constellation of skills and knowledge that impact reading comprehension as students advance in school.
Blast polytrauma with hemodynamic shock, hypothermia, hypoventilation and systemic inflammatory response: description of a new porcine model
Authors: Dahlquist Albin , Elander Degerstedt Louise , von Oelreich Erik , Brännström Andreas , Gustavsson Jenny , P. Arborelius Ulf , Günther Mattias 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In the past decade blast injuries have become more prevalent. Blast trauma may cause extensive injuries requiring improved early resuscitation and prevention of haemorrhage. Randomized prospective trials are logistically and ethically challenging, and large animal models are important for further research efforts. Few severe blast trauma models have been described, which is why we aimed to establish a comprehensive polytrauma model in accordance with the criteria of the Berlin definition of polytrauma and with a survival time of > 2 h. Multiple blast injuries to the groin and abdomen were combined with hypoperfusion, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, hypoventilation, hypothermia and inflammatory response. The model was compared to lung contusion and haemorrhage.

Methods
16 landrace swine (mean weight 60.5 kg) were randomized to “control” (n = 5), “chest trauma/hem” by lung contusion and class II haemorrhage (n = 5), and “blast polytrauma” caused by multiple blast injuries to the groin and abdomen, class II haemorrhage, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion and hypothermia 32 °C (n = 6).

Results
The blast polytrauma group had an Injury Severity Score of 57 which resulted in haemodynamic shock, hypothermia, respiratory and metabolic acidosis and inflammatory response. The chest trauma/hem group had an Injury Severity Score of 9 and less profound physiologic effects. Physiologic parameters presented a dose–response relationship corresponding to the trauma levels.

Conclusion
A comprehensive blast polytrauma model fulfilling the Berlin polytrauma criteria, with a high trauma load and a survival time of > 2 h was established. A severe, but consistent, injury profile was accomplished enabling the addition of experimental interventions in future studies, particularly of immediate resuscitation efforts including whole blood administration, trauma packing and haemostasis.
Treatment of medial-sided injuries in patients with early bicruciate ligament reconstruction for knee dislocation
Authors: Jokela Mikko A. , Mäkinen Tatu J. , Koivikko Mika P. , Lindahl Joonas M. , Halinen Jyrki , Lindahl Jan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In knee dislocation with bicruciate ligament and medial side injury (KDIIIM), treatment method of medial side injuries is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of non-operative treatment of proximal and midsubstance and operative treatment of distal avulsion medial collateral ligament (MCL) ruptures in patients with early bicruciate reconstruction.

Methods
One-hundred and forty-seven patients with a knee dislocation and bicruciate ligament injury (KDII-KDV) were identified. Sixty-two patients had KDIIIM injury. Of these, 24 patients were excluded and 13 were lost to follow-up. With a minimum of 2 years of follow-up, IKDC2000 (subjective and objective), Lysholm and Tegner scores and stress radiographs were recorded.

Results
Twenty-five patients were available for follow-up: 18 had a proximal or midsubstance grade-III MCL rupture (proximal MCL group) and 7 had a distal MCL avulsion (distal MCL group). In the proximal MCL and distal MCL groups, respectively, median IKDC2000 subjective scores were 80 (range 57–99) and 62 (range 39–87), and median Lysholm scores were 88 (range 57–99) and 75 (range 40–100). The median medial opening (side-to-side difference) was 2.4 mm (range 0.1–9.2) in the proximal MCL group and 2.5 mm (range 0.2–4.8) in the distal MCL group.

Conclusion
We found acceptable recorded outcomes in patients who underwent non-operative treatment of proximal and midsubstance grade-III MCL rupture and operative treatment of distal MCL avulsion with early bicruciate ligament reconstruction.

Level of evidence
Level IV
Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly: efficacy and safety
Authors: Greve Tobias , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Mehrkens Jan-Hinnerk 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
The safety and efficacy of surgical microvascular decompression (MVD) in elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is controversially discussed in the literature. A widespread reluctance to expose this cohort to major intracranial surgery persists. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety between older and younger patients with TN.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 139 MVD procedures (103 patients < 70 and 36 patients ≥ 70) were included. Surgical fitness was assessed by the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade. The pain-free interval was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis only in patients with a recent follow-up visit. Independent risk factors for recurrence in patients with a minimum 12-month follow-up were determined.

Results
Patients ≥ 70 showed a significantly higher number of comorbidities. Pain intensity, affection of trigeminal branches and symptom duration was similar between groups. No significant difference in treatment associated complications and permanent neurological deficits was shown. There was no treatment-related mortality. A tendency towards a lower recurrence rate in patients < 70 did not reach statistical significance (17.6% vs. 28.6%, P = 0.274). Pain-free interval was not different between both cohorts (78.7 vs. 73.5 months, P = 0.391).

Conclusion
Despite a higher prevalence of comorbidities in elderly patients, complication rates and neurological deficits after MVD were comparable to younger patients. Rates of immediate and long-term pain relief compared favorably to previous studies and were similar between elderly and younger patients. These data endorse MVD as a safe and effective first-line surgical procedure for elderly patients with TN and neurovascular conflict on MRI.
Electron Nuclear Double Resonance of the Chlorophyll Triplet State in the Water-Soluble Chlorophyll Protein from Brassica oleracea: Investigation of the Effect of the Binding Site on the Hyperfine Couplings
Authors: Agostini Alessandro , Palm Daniel M. , Paulsen Harald , Di Valentin Marilena , Carbonera Donatella 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn investigation of the photoexcited triplet state of chlorophyll (Chl) a in the water-soluble chlorophyll protein (WSCP) of Brassica oleracea has been carried out by means of electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), achieving a complete assignment of the observed hyperfine couplings corresponding to methine protons and methyl groups of Chl a triplet state. The triplet-state properties, and in particular the hyperfine couplings, were found to be similar to those previously reported for Chl a in the WSCP of Lepidium virginicum. Therefore, the porphyrin ring deformation observed in Brassica oleracea WSCP seems to only slightly affect the spin density of 3Chl a. This may be relevant when considering the robustness of triplet–triplet energy transfer mechanisms, relying on wavefunction overlap, in systems, such as the photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes, in which Chl triplet states with distorted geometries are involved.
Biological invasions in World Heritage Sites: current status and a proposed monitoring and reporting framework
Authors: Shackleton Ross T. , Bertzky Bastian , Wood Louisa E. , Bunbury Nancy , Jäger Heinke , van Merm Remco , Sevilla Christian , Smith Kevin , Wilson John R. U. , Witt Arne B. R. , Richardson David M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS) are areas of outstanding universal value and conservation importance. They are, however, threatened by a variety of global change drivers, including biological invasions. We assessed the current status of biological invasions and their management in 241 natural and mixed WHS globally by reviewing documents collated by UNESCO and IUCN. We found that reports on the status of biological invasions in WHS were often irregular or inconsistent. Therefore, while some reports were very informative, they were hard to compare because no systematic method of reporting was followed. Our review revealed that almost 300 different invasive alien species (IAS) were considered as a threat to just over half of all WHS. Information on IAS management undertaken in WHS was available for fewer than half of the sites that listed IAS as a threat. There is clearly a need for an improved monitoring and reporting system for biological invasions in WHS and likely the same for other protected areas globally. To address this issue, we developed a new framework to guide monitoring and reporting of IAS in protected areas building on globally accepted standards for IAS assessments, and tested it on seven WHS. The framework requires the collation of information and reporting on pathways, alien species presence, impacts, and management, the estimation of future threats and management needs, assessments of knowledge and gaps, and, using all of this information allows for an overall threat score to be assigned to the protected area. This new framework should help to improve monitoring of IAS in protected areas moving forward.