bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Íleo biliar: reporte de dos casos
Authors: Mosquera Manuel Santiago , Adolfo Villarreal Ricardo , Medina Rosana , Kadamani Akram , Sánchez Gabriel 
Published: February 2020

El íleo biliar es una patología poco común y de difícil diagnóstico prequirúgico, pues en la mayoría de los casos se presenta como obstrucción intestinal sin síntomas biliares asociados. En el artículo se presentan dos casos del 2010, cada uno con características diferentes respecto a la localización de la fístula y la evolución postoperatoria: una fístula colecistogástrica con obstrucción del íleon terminal y una fístula colecistoduodenal con obstrucción del yeyuno medio. En el primero se hizo una resolución del íleo biliar y en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico la colecistectomía y cierre de la fístula; mientras que en el otro se trató únicamente el cuadro obstructivo. Dado que en la literatura no existe una amplia revisión de esta situación clínica, no hay consenso en cuanto a la resolución de la patología biliar en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico. Por la evolución clínica de los pacientes tan diversa, se evaluó el problema.
Angina pectoris
Authors: Aldana B. Jairo , Suárez N. Alberto 
Published: February 2020

Se cumplen 200 años de la descripción de la angina de pecho, publicada en el New England Journal of Medicine. En este articulo se ha traducido el artículo original “Remarks on Angina Pectoris”, publicado en 1812, por el dr. John Warren.
Percepciones del personal hospitalario sobre la preparación institucional para la implementación de innovaciones en el sector salud, específicamente grupos relacionados con el diagnóstico (GRD)
Authors: Gorbanev Iouri , Cortés Ariel , Agudelo Sandra , Torres Sergio , Yepes Francisco J. 
Published: February 2020

Objetivos: Caracterizar el estado de la cultura innovadora y la actitud del personal hospitalario frente a los grupos relacionados de diagnóstico (GRD) como innovación para el sector de la salud en Colombia.Métodos: Estudio de caso mediante una muestra por conveniencia realizada entre el personal clínico y administrativo de quienes depende el éxito del proyecto de los GRD. El análisis estadístico se realiza por medio de la estadística descriptiva, la regresión y el análisis de correspondencia.Resultados: El estado de la cultura innovadora en el hospital es favorable para la innovación. No se observan diferencias significativas entre las perspectivas a la innovación que tienen el personal clínico y el administrativo. El personal administrativo y los médicos jóvenes desconocen los GRD. En cambio, los médicos con experiencia y los que ocupan puestos de mando, conocen los GRD. Se encontró una correlación significativa entre la cultura innovadora y la actitud frente a los GRD.Conclusiones: La homogeneidad de la cultura innovadora en el hospital augura un ambiente favorable para implementar los GRD.
New Sails for Old Ships
Authors: Zeldovich Lina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The world’s 100,000 cargo ships produce about as much carbon emissions as Germany. One of the ways to reduce those emissions (and slash fuel costs) is to borrow a technology from the past and harness wind power. By harnessing advanced simulation tools, engineers have developed promising fuel-saving technologies that do not necessarily resemble the tall masted ships of the past. This article shows how Europe is leading the way.
The Impact of Training Load on Sleep During a 14-Day Training Camp in Elite, Adolescent, Female Basketball Players
Authors: Lastella Michele , Roach Gregory D. , Vincent Grace E. , Scanlan Aaron T. , Halson Shona L. , Sargent Charli 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To quantify the sleep/wake behaviors of adolescent, female basketball players and to examine the impact of daily training load on sleep/wake behaviors during a 14-day training camp. Methods: Elite, adolescent, female basketball players (N = 11) had their sleep/wake behaviors monitored using self-report sleep diaries and wrist-worn activity monitors during a 14-day training camp. Each day, players completed 1 to 5 training sessions (session duration: 114 [54] min). Training load was determined using the session rating of perceived exertion model in arbitrary units. Daily training loads were summated across sessions on each day and split into tertiles corresponding to low, moderate, and high training load categories, with rest days included as a separate category. Separate linear mixed models and effect size analyses were conducted to assess differences in sleep/wake behaviors among daily training load categories. Results: Sleep onset and offset times were delayed (P < .05) on rest days compared with training days. Time in bed and total sleep time were longer (P < .05) on rest days compared with training days. Players did not obtain the recommended 8 to 10 hours of sleep per night on training days. A moderate increase in sleep efficiency was evident during days with high training loads compared with low. Conclusions: Elite, adolescent, female basketball players did not consistently meet the sleep duration recommendations of 8 to 10 hours per night during a 14-day training camp. Rest days delayed sleep onset and offset times, resulting in longer sleep durations compared with training days. Sleep/wake behaviors were not impacted by variations in the training load administered to players.
A Novel Mixed Methods Approach to Assess Children’s Sedentary Behaviors
Authors: Hurter Liezel , Cooper-Ryan Anna M. , Knowles Zoe R. , Porcellato Lorna A. , Fairclough Stuart J. , Boddy Lynne M. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Accurately measuring sedentary behavior (SB) in children is challenging by virtue of its complex nature. While self-report questionnaires are susceptible to recall errors, accelerometer data lacks contextual information. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of using accelerometry combined with the Digitising Children’s Data Collection (DCDC) for Health application (app), to capture SB comprehensively. Methods: 74 children (9–10 years old) wore ActiGraph GT9X accelerometers for 7 days. Each received a SAMSUNG Galaxy Tab4 (SM-T230) tablet, with the DCDC app installed and a specially designed sedentary behavior study downloaded. The app uses four data collection tools: 1) Questionnaire, 2) Take a photograph, 3) Draw a picture, and 4) Record my voice. Children self-reported their SB daily. Accelerometer data were analyzed using R-package GGIR. App data were downloaded and individual participant profiles created. SBs reported were grouped into categories and reported as frequencies. Results: Participants spent, on average, 629 min (i.e., 73% of their waking time) sedentary. App data revealed most of their out-of-school SB consisted of screen time (112 photos, 114 drawings, and screen time mentioned 135 times during voice recordings). Playing with toys, reading, arts and crafts, and homework were also reported across all four data capturing tools on the app. On an individual level, data from the app often explained irregular patterns in physical activity and SB observed in accelerometer data. Conclusion: This mixed methods approach to assessing SB adds context to accelerometer data, providing researchers with information needed for intervention design.
Detrital zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope signatures of Old Red Sandstone strata constrain the Silurian to Devonian paleogeography, tectonics, and crustal evolution of the Svalbard Caledonides
Authors: Beranek Luke P. , Gee David G. , Fisher Christopher M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Detrital zircon provenance studies of Mesoproterozoic basement and overlying Old Red Sandstone strata in northwestern Svalbard, Arctic Norway, were conducted to test competing models for Caledonian paleogeography and tectonics and constrain the magnitude of orogen-parallel, Silurian to Devonian strike-slip faulting following the Laurentia-Baltica collision. Mesoproterozoic basement strata, cut by earliest Tonian orthogneiss units, mostly yielded 1640–1050 Ma detrital zircon populations that are consistent with pre-Caledonian locations near northeast Greenland. Basal Old Red Sandstone deposits that filled pull-apart basins showed basement-derived signatures but also contained 530–450 Ma and 670–570 Ma populations with slightly subchondritic (ε Hf[t] = –4 to –2) Hf isotope compositions. These results are consistent with late Silurian–Early Devonian proximity to the northeast Greenland Caledonides and Pearya, which indicates limited (&lt;200 km) strike-slip displacement of Svalbard’s Caledonian allochthons after the Laurentia-Baltica collision. Previously interpreted connections between the Svalbard Old Red Sandstone and British Caledonides are incompatible with these detrital zircon results. Lochkovian Old Red Sandstone strata were deposited after a second episode of strike-slip faulting and show recycled basement signatures. The lack of 530–450 Ma and 670–570 Ma populations suggests that the second deformation episode reorganized local drainages. Pragian–Givetian strata have provenance from local Old Red Sandstone sources that were uplifted during a third and final episode of strike-slip deformation. The results indicate that northern Caledonian (Svalbard, Pearya) crustal evolution was characterized by the reworking of Mesoproterozoic–Paleoproterozoic sources and mostly &lt;600 m.y. crustal residence times, whereas the southern Caledonides (UK, Ireland) show evidence for the reworking of older basement and mostly &gt;600 m.y. crustal residence times.
#SoMe4Surgery: from inception to impact
Authors: Grossman Rebecca C , Mackenzie Douglas Graham , Keller Deborah S , Dames Nicola , Grewal Perbinder , Maldonado Andrés A , Ioannidis Argyrios , AlHasan Ameera , Søreide Kjetil , Teoh Jeremy Yuen-Chun , Wexner Steven D , Mayol Julio 
Published: February 2020

Objectives and settingThe aim of this study was to create a hashtag #SoMe4Surgery on the social network application Twitter, and to examine the natural history of the resulting online community.Design and outcome measuresA prospective, four-stage framework was proposed and used: (1) inception phase (connection): users were actively invited to participate; (2) dissemination phase (contagion): several tweetchats were designed, scheduled and run; (3) adherence phase (feedback): Twitonomy and NodeXL summaries were regularly posted on Twitter; and (4) impact phase (outcomes): abstracts and manuscripts, and related projects on Twitter. Tweets, influencers and interactions were analysed, and a brief survey was shared with participants to assess demographics and motivations of social media use.ParticipantsUsers engaging with the #SoMe4Surgery hashtag.ResultsUsers of the hashtag came from a wide variety of specialties and geographical locations, as well as varying in age and stage of training. The inception of #SoMe4Surgery was followed by an increase in the follower count and impressions of users. A total of 675 tweeters posted 11 855 tweets with 30 122 retweets between 28 July and 27 December inclusive. There were new contributors and activity throughout the period. There were many more retweeters than accounts posting original content. Over a 10-day period ending on 31 December 2018, the number of followers of the 10 most influential accounts was higher than the number of followers of the 10 most engaging accounts (p=0.002). The mean (SD) number of tweetchat participants was 121 (64), who posted 719 (365) tweets and had a potential reach of 3 825 155 (1 887 205) accounts. Spin-off projects included surveys from low and medium-income countries, subspecialised hashtags, presentations and one publication.ConclusionsThe creation of a cohesive online surgical community may allow a flattened hierarchy, with increased engagement between surgeons, other healthcare professionals, researchers and patients.
Use of MRI to predict symptomatic haemorrhagic transformation after thrombolysis for cerebral ischaemia
Authors: Caparros François , Kuchcinski Gregory , Drelon Agathe , Casolla Barbara , Moulin Solene , Dequatre-Ponchelle Nelly , Henon Hilde , Cordonnier Charlotte , Pruvo Jean-Pierre , Leys Didier 
Published: February 2020

Background and objectivePredictors of symptomatic haemorrhagic transformation (s-HT) of cerebral ischaemia after intravenous recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) were identified in studies using CT scans. We evaluated whether MRI can identify other predictors.MethodWe analysed predictors of s-HT in a cohort of consecutive patients who received intravenous rt-PA for cerebral ischaemia after MRI at baseline. We used receiver operating characteristic curves considering an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.70 or higher as indicating acceptable discrimination.ResultsOf 944 patients, 49 patients (5.2%) developed s-HT. Clinical factors independently associated with s-HT were age (adjusted OR (adjOR) 1.03 for 1 year increase; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05), excessive alcohol consumption (adjOR 3.13; 95% CI 1.32 to 7.42), recent transient ischaemic attack (adjOR 2.88; 95% CI 1.04 to 7.95) and baseline national institutes of health stroke scale score (adjOR 1.06 for 1 point increase; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10). MRI predictors were vascular hyperintensities (adjOR 3.89; 95% CI 1.50 to 10.08), old infarcts (adjOR 2.01; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.66) and volume of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) abnormality (adjOR 1.02 for 1 cm3 increase; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03). The only variable with an acceptable discrimination was volume of DWI abnormality (AUC 0.72; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.79), a value of 4 cm3 predicting s-HT with a 78% sensitivity and 58% specificity. Variables that can be assessed only with MRI did not predict s-HT.ConclusionAlthough the volume of DWI abnormality predicts s-HT, other imaging characteristics that can only be assessed with MRI were not significantly associated with s-HT.Trial
registration numberNCT01614080
Acupuncture versus sham acupuncture for simple obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhong Yu-Mei , Luo Xiao-Chao , Chen Yang , Lai De-Li , Lu Wen-Ting , Shang Ya-Nan , Zhang Lin-Lin , Zhou Hai-Yan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObesity is a growing chronic health problem worldwide. Studies about acupuncture for obesity treatment are many. But there are some doubts about the effectiveness of acupuncture versus sham acupuncture in treating obesity due to its lack of medical evidence. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of acupuncture for obesity treatment and provide clinic evidence. Four English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and four Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedical Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database and Wan-Fang Data) were searched from their receptions to August 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using the comparison between acupuncture and sham acupuncture to treat simple obesity were included. The primary outcome of body mass index (BMI) would be used to measure the effect of acupuncture on obesity. According to the trial data extraction form based on the Cochrane Handbook, two reviewers separately extracted the data. Risk of bias of the RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The study included 8 RCTs with 403 patients. When compared with sham acupuncture, acupuncture showed obviously effect in BMI reduction (MD=1.0kg/m2, 95% CI=0.6 to 1.4, P&lt;0.001). There was also significant reduction in body weight (MD=1.85kg, 95%CI=0.82 to 2.88, p&lt;0.001), WC (MD=0.97cm, 95%CI=0.24 to 1.71, p=0.01) and body fat mass percentage (MD=1.01, 95%CI=0.25 to 1.77, p&lt;0.05). However, WHR (MD=0.01, 95%CI=0 to 0.03, p&gt;0.05) was not statistically and significantly different between the acupuncture and control groups. Adverse effects were reported in 3 studies. The review suggests that acupuncture is an effective therapy for simple obesity rather than a placebo effect. This potential benefit needs to be further evaluated by longer-term and more rigorous RCTs.
Timing matters: real-world effectiveness of early combination of biologic and conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for treating newly diagnosed polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Huang Bin , Qiu Tingting , Chen Chen , Zhang Yin , Seid Michael , Lovell Dan , Brunner Hermine I , Morgan Esi M 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo compare real-world effectiveness of two adaptive treatment strategies of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in treating children with newly diagnosed polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pcJIA): early aggressive use of biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) in combination with conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) versus conservative delayed use of bDMARDs following the initial csDMARD prescription.MethodsA single-centre newly diagnosed DMARD-naive pcJIA patient database (n=465) was derived from the electronic medical records between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2018. The primary study endpoints were clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (cJADAS) at 6 and 12 months following the first DMARD prescription. The secondary study endpoint was Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) generic total score at 12 months. Averaged causal treatment effects were assessed using a Bayesian non-parametric casual inference method.ResultsBoth cJADAS and PedsQL improve over time, regardless of the treatment strategies. Compared with the conservative approach, early aggressive approach is more effective in reducing cJADAS (mean −2.17, 95% CI −3.77 to −0.56) by 6 months. Adding bDMARD after 6 months to the initial treatment provides very little added benefit. The averaged treatment effect was 6.35 (95% CI −5.89 to 18.58) improvement in PedsQL at 12 months.ConclusionsTiming matters—early aggressive use with bDMARDs is more effective than conservative delayed treatment in lowering disease activity after 6 and 12 months of treatment.
Reflection positivity and complex analysis of the Yang–Mills theory from a viewpoint of gluon confinement
Authors: Kondo Kei-Ichi , Watanabe Masaki , Hayashi Yui , Matsudo Ryutaro , Suda Yutaro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn order to understand the confining decoupling solution of the Yang–Mills theory in the Landau gauge, we consider the massive Yang–Mills model which is defined by just adding a gluon mass term to the Yang–Mills theory with the Lorentz-covariant gauge fixing term and the associated Faddeev–Popov ghost term. First of all, we show that massive Yang–Mills model is obtained as a gauge-fixed version of the gauge-invariantly extended theory which is identified with the gauge-scalar model with a single fixed-modulus scalar field in the fundamental representation of the gauge group. This equivalence is obtained through the gauge-independent description of the Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism proposed recently by one of the authors. Then, we reconfirm that the Euclidean gluon and ghost propagators in the Landau gauge obtained by numerical simulations on the lattice are reproduced with good accuracy from the massive Yang–Mills model by taking into account one-loop quantum corrections. Moreover, we demonstrate in a numerical way that the Schwinger function calculated from the gluon propagator in the Euclidean region exhibits violation of the reflection positivity at the physical point of the parameters. In addition, we perform the analytic continuation of the gluon propagator from the Euclidean region to the complex momentum plane towards the Minkowski region. We give an analytical proof that the reflection positivity is violated for any choice of the parameters in the massive Yang–Mills model, due to the existence of a pair of complex conjugate poles and the negativity of the spectral function for the gluon propagator to one-loop order. The complex structure of the propagator enables us to explain why the gluon propagator in the Euclidean region is well described by the Gribov–Stingl form. We try to understand these results in light of the Fradkin–Shenker continuity between confinement-like and Higgs-like regions in a single confinement phase in the complementary gauge-scalar model.
Nonlinear pulses at the interface and its relation to state and temperature
Authors: Kang Kevin H. , Schneider Matthias F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract.Environmental temperature has a well-conserved effect on the pulse velocity and excitability of excitable biological systems. The consistency suggests that the cause originates from a fundamental principle. A physical (hydrodynamic) approach has proposed that the thermodynamic state of the hydrated interface (e.g., plasma membrane) determines the pulse behavior. This implies that the temperature effect happens because the environmental temperature affects the state of the interface in any given system. To test the hypothesis, we measured temperature-dependent phase diagrams of a lipid monolayer and studied the properties of nonlinear acoustic pulses excited along the membrane. We observed that the membrane in the fluid-gel transition regime exhibited lower compressibility (i.e., stiffer) overall with increasing temperature. Nonlinear pulses excited near the transition state propagated with greater velocity with increasing temperature, and these observations were consistent with the compressibility profiles. Excitability was suppressed significantly or ceased completely when the state departed too far from the transition regime either by cooling or by heating. The overall correlation between the pulses in the membrane and in living systems as a function of temperature supports the view that the thermodynamic state of the interface and phase transition are the key to understanding pulse propagation in excitable systems.Graphical abstract
Gluons and sea quarks in the proton at low scales
Authors: Diehl M. , Stienemeier P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study the evolution of parton distributions down to low scales by considering several of their Mellin moments. For the initial conditions, we use a broad array of current parton density fits. Confirming earlier findings in the literature, we conclude that current determinations of parton distributions are incompatible with the idea that gluon or antiquark densities are generated by purely perturbative radiation as it is encoded in the DGLAP evolution equations.
The porosity formation mechanism in the laser-welded butt joint of 8 mm thickness Ti-6Al-4V alloy: Effect of welding speed on the metallurgical pore formation
Authors: Tian Deyong , Gao Zhuanni , Wang Feiyun , Yan Tingyan , Yu Min , Zhan Xiaohong 
Published: February 2020

The high energy density beam welding techniques, such as laser and electron beam welding process, have been widely used in industrial applications. In this study, the butt structures of Ti-6Al-4V alloys with the thickness up to 8 mm are successfully joined by the laser welding process. The macromorphology and microstructures of the welded joints are investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The penetration increases from 5.91 mm to 9.37 mm with the decrease of welding speed from 1.2 m/min to 0.8 m/min under the condition of equal laser power. The acicular [Formula: see text] is formed in the fusion zone, resulting from high cooling rate during the process. The metallurgical porosity formation is proposed by investigating the distribution of Al and H elements around the pores. It is concluded that the pores in the weld bead are induced by aluminum vapor and hydrogen gas from the molten pool. The diameter of metallurgical pore has a tendency to increase with the decrease of welding speed.
Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber with high birefringence for sensing applications
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Dixit Vaishali , Konar S. , Ahmed Kawsar , Dhasarathan Vigneswaran 
Published: February 2020

A novel type of highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber is designed, which yields to promise a very large birefringence [Formula: see text] with flat dispersion at the operating wavelength 1550 nm. By employing the FDTD method, other properties, such as dispersion, walk-off effect and [Formula: see text]-parameters, are highly optimized using lattice period of air holes.