bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CMOS analog and mixed-signal phase-locked loops: An overview
Authors: Zhang Zhao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
CMOS analog and mixed-signal phase-locked loops (PLL) are widely used in varies of the system-on-chips (SoC) as the clock generator or frequency synthesizer. This paper presents an overview of the AMS-PLL, including: 1) a brief introduction of the basics of the charge-pump based PLL, which is the most widely used AMS-PLL architecture due to its simplicity and robustness; 2) a summary of the design issues of the basic CPPLL architecture; 3) a systematic introduction of the techniques for the performance enhancement of the CPPLL; 4) a brief overview of ultra-low-jitter AMS-PLL architectures which can achieve lower jitter (< 100 fs) with lower power consumption compared with the CPPLL, including the injection-locked PLL (ILPLL), sub-sampling (SSPLL) and sampling PLL (SPLL); 5) a discussion about the consideration of the AMS-PLL architecture selection, which could help designers meet their performance requirements.
Challenges and opportunities toward fully automated analog layout design
Authors: Chen Hao , Liu Mingjie , Tang Xiyuan , Zhu Keren , Sun Nan , Pan David Z. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Realizing the layouts of analog/mixed-signal (AMS) integrated circuits (ICs) is a complicated task due to the high design flexibility and sensitive circuit performance. Compared with the advancements of digital IC layout automation, analog IC layout design is still heavily manual, which leads to a more time-consuming and error-prone process. In recent years, significant progress has been made in automated analog layout design with emerging of several open-source frameworks. This paper firstly reviews the existing state-of-the art AMS layout synthesis frameworks with focus on the different approaches and their individual challenges. We then present recent research trends and opportunities in the field. Finally, we summaries the paper with open questions and future directions for fully-automating the analog IC layout.
Probing Beyond Standard Model Physics via Oscillations with IceCube DeepCore
Authors: Blot S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For many years IceCube DeepCore has measured atmospheric neutrino interactions in the optically clear, deep ice at the South Pole. Analysing only three years of data has yielded the most precise measurements of the atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters above 5 GeV. Measuring oscillations at these high energies, well above the tau-production threshold, and over extremely long baselines, provides strong constraints on new, Beyond Standard Model physics in a region of phase space uniquely accessed with atmospheric neutrinos. Here we report on the most recent searches for non-standard atmospheric neutrino oscillations with IceCube DeepCore.
Higher-order kinematic analyses of a planar parallel robot based on screw theory
Authors: Rodelo M , Villa J L , Yime E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the higher-order kinematic analyses of a planar parallel robot, addressed by means of the theory of screws. The reduced velocity, acceleration, jerk and hyper-jerk state for the end-effector of robot was developed as a spatial vector by applying the concept of Lie algebra and helicoidal vector field. In order to verify the effectiveness of this theoretical development, the kinematics models obtained was solved and simulated in MATLAB environment, using Freeth’s Nephroid trajectory as reference path for tracking with the end-effector. The simulation results proved that this type of spatial notation is convenient, because it allows us to quickly develop equations of motion and express them succinctly in symbolic form, reducing the volume of algebra, simplifying the modeling tasks, implementation and execution the algorithms used to solve kinematic problems in parallel robots. The major contribution of this work is the possibility of extended the classical kinematic analysis to a high order system; where the application of screw theory becomes a safe and reliable mathematical tool, which may be successfully used on parallel planar robots with singular configurations, represented with helicoidal vector field.
Brief numerical analysis of (3+1) Ginzburg-Landau equations
Authors: Aguirre C , Martins Q , Barba-Ortega J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this contribution, we show the implementation of the Link-variable method for solve the complete set of acopled non-linear time dependent Ginzburg-Landau differential equations in a three-dimensional homogeneous and isotropic mesoscopic superconducting system. In this case, the sample is immersed in an external magnetic d at zero applied current. The effects of demagnetization are taken in count and we show the order parameter and its phase in zero field cooling and field cooling process. This numerical analysis shows good results when this solution is applied to a superconducting cubic sample.
Evaluation of the mechanical behaviour to the force of tension between thermoplastic materials of origin and recycled
Authors: Palacios-Alvarado W , Medina-Delgado B , Durán-Urón A E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The use of plastic products and polymeric matrix compounds is increasing in engineering, most of these materials are subjected to dynamic loads, therefore, are constantly evaluated according to experimental methods that allow a characterization of their main properties. Therefore, this research work consisted in carrying out the characterization of mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials of different origin; commercial and recycled, where three cases were worked: Polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene, for which there were 3.5 ± 0.1 mm thick sheets, manufactured by extrusion and supplied by a local supplier, in the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. Afterwards, the specimens or samples were cut for the tension test adapting the shape and geometry, according to the standard test method for tensile properties of plastics, ASTM D638-14, using laser cutting for such purpose, the specimens were conditioned at a temperature of 20 °C during 40 hours prior to the moment of the tension test, the equipment used was a universal machine branded from Electro Mechanical Instrument & Components Corp., commercial reference DL2000 N° 11760 NS 784 with a speed adjustment of 5 mm/min to keep within the times given by the standard. Once the tests are performed, the stress/strain graphs of each case studied are obtained and the experimental results are analyzed from the data provided by the software “Tesc versão 4.00”. Afterwards, Young’s module is statistically analyzed and compared in each study, seeing which one presents the best behavior under the studied load conditions, raising a hypothesis, where the question is if the differences in the sample between Young’s module can come from a population with an mean of zero, in this case, it is concluded that there is no difference between Young’s modulus values for polymethylmethacrylate samples, the same occurred for polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene.
Aerodynamic efficiency of gliding birds vs comparable UAVs: a review
Authors: Harvey Christina , Inman Daniel J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Here, we reviewed published aerodynamic efficiencies of gliding birds and similar sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) motivated by a fundamental question: are gliding birds more efficient than comparable UAVs? Despite a multitude of studies that have quantified the aerodynamic efficiency of gliding birds, there is no comprehensive summary of these results. This lack of consolidated information inhibits a true comparison between birds and UAVs. Such a comparison is complicated by variable uncertainty levels between the different techniques used to predict avian efficiency. To support our comparative approach, we began by surveying theoretical and experimental estimates of avian aerodynamic efficiency and investigating the uncertainty associated with each estimation method. We found that the methodology used by a study affects the estimated efficiency and can lead to incongruent conclusions on gliding bird aerodynamic efficiency. Our survey showed that studies on live birds gliding in wind tunnels provide a reliable minimum estimate of a birds’ aerodynamic efficiency while simultaneously quantifying the wing configurations used in flight. Next, we surveyed the aeronautical literature to collect the published aerodynamic efficiencies of similar-sized, non-copter UAVs. The compiled information allowed a direct comparison of UAVs and gliding birds. Contrary to our expectation, we found that there is no definitive evidence that any gliding bird species is either more or less efficient than a comparable UAV. This non-result highlights a critical need for new technology and analytical advances that can reduce the uncertainty associated with estimating a gliding bird’s aerodynamic efficiency. Nevertheless, our survey indicated that species flying within subcritical Reynolds number regimes may inspire UAV designs that can extend their operational range to efficiently operate in subcritical regimes. The survey results provided here point the way forward for research into avian gliding flight and enable informed UAV designs.
Evolutionary Diversification in Insect Vector–Phytoplasma–Plant Associations
Authors: Trivellone V , Dietrich C H 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe association between insect herbivores and vascular plants represents one of the greatest success stories in terrestrial evolution. Specific mechanisms generating diversity in the association remain poorly understood, but it has become increasingly clear that microbes play important roles in mediating plant–insect interactions. Previous research on phytoplasmas (Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae), a diverse group of plant-pathogenic bacteria, and their hemipteran insect vectors suggests that this system provides a new model for understanding how interactions among distantly related but ecologically associated groups of organisms can drive evolutionary diversification. Phytoplasma infections affect the phenotypes of both plants and vectors, altering functional traits (e.g., diet breadth) and mediating host shifts which may, in turn, alter genetic and phylogenetic patterns. This review highlights previous research on the functional ecology and phylogenetic components of phytoplasma-plant-vector (PPV) associations relevant to the evolutionary diversification of this system. Although phytoplasmas and their hosts occur in most terrestrial biomes and have evolved together over the past 300+ million years, major gaps in knowledge of PPV associations remain because most prior research on the system focused on strategies for mitigating effects of phytoplasma diseases in agroecosystems. Study of this system within a broader evolutionary context could help elucidate mechanisms by which interactions between insect herbivores, microbes, and plants drive biological diversification and also help predict the emergence of diseases affecting agriculture. Future research should more thoroughly document PPV associations in natural habitats, examine the relative prevalence of cospeciation versus host shifts in this system, and test possible macroevolutionary consequences of host manipulation by phytoplasmas.
An overview of cancer health disparities: new approaches and insights and why they matter
Authors: Minas Tsion Zewdu , Kiely Maeve , Ajao Anuoluwapo , Ambs Stefan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cancer health disparities remain stubbornly entrenched in the US health care system. The Affordable Care Act was legislation to target these disparities in health outcomes. Expanded access to health care, reduction in tobacco use, uptake of other preventive measures and cancer screening, and improved cancer therapies greatly reduced cancer mortality among women and men and underserved communities in this country. Yet, disparities in cancer outcomes remain. Underserved populations continue to experience an excessive cancer burden. This burden is largely explained by health care disparities, lifestyle factors, cultural barriers, and disparate exposures to carcinogens and pathogens, as exemplified by the COVID-19 epidemic. However, research also shows that comorbidities, social stress, ancestral and immunobiological factors, and the microbiome, may contribute to health disparities in cancer risk and survival. Recent studies revealed that comorbid conditions can induce an adverse tumor biology, leading to a more aggressive disease and decreased patient survival. In this review, we will discuss unanswered questions and new opportunities in cancer health disparity research related to comorbid chronic diseases, stress signaling, the immune response, and the microbiome, and what contribution these factors may have as causes of cancer health disparities.
Bi-atrial thrombosis in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report
Authors: Torres Ricardo , Gul Fahad , Azmaiparashvili Zurab , Patarroyo-Aponte Gabriel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is a multisystemic disease associated with micro- and macrovascular thrombo-embolic complications, including intracardiac thrombosis, which has not been previously reported in the literature.

Case summary
We report a case of a 68-year-old woman with COVID-19 admitted to our intensive care unit with acute respiratory distress, undifferentiated shock, hyperkalaemia, acute kidney injury, and coagulopathy. She received crystalloid infusion, broad-spectrum antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, insulin–dextrose, calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, and i.v. vasopressors. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was started for refractory hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis. Transthoracic echocardiogram obtained for concern of pulmonary embolism found bi-atrial thrombosis with normal bi-ventricular dimensions and function. Systemic anticoagulation was provided, but this was stopped soon afterwards due to worsening coagulopathy and bleeding. Despite intensive measures and supportive therapy, the patient developed worsening hypoxia, refractory shock, and multiorgan failure. After discussion of goals of care with her family, a decision was made to initiate hospice care. The patient died within 72 h of hospital admission.

Discussion
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is a multisystemic disease that primarily affects the lungs, but also predisposes to rare thrombo-embolic phenomena such as intracardiac thrombosis.
Case report: hepatobronchial lymphatic communications in single ventricle patients as a pathophysiological mechanism of plastic bronchitis: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Rabinowitz Deborah , Radtke Wolfgang , Bhat Majeed , Itkin Maxim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Plastic bronchitis is a rare but devastating complication in single ventricle patients after Fontan completion. Recent advances in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiogram demonstrate the typical pathophysiological mechanism of the thoracic duct leaking lymphatic fluid towards the bronchi resulting in intraluminal casts. This has been termed abnormal pulmonary lymphatic perfusion and has been successfully treated in 94% of patients with thoracic duct occlusion. However, in some cases, this aberrant flow is not identified and therefore no intervention is available. This case report identifies a newly discovered origin of abnormal lymphatic flow from the liver to the bronchi and the treatment of these patients.

Case summary
We report two cases of plastic bronchitis in single ventricle patients with no identified abnormal lymphatic pulmonary perfusion from the thoracic duct. Both patients underwent liver lymphangiogram and demonstrated aberrant flow from the hepatic lymphatic ducts to the bronchi. These were successfully occluded, and plastic bronchitis symptoms resolved in both cases.

Discussion
The recent discovery of the abnormal pulmonary lymphatic perfusion from the thoracic duct to the bronchi has allowed successful treatment of 94% of single ventricle patients with plastic bronchitis. The discovery of hepatobronchial lymphatic perfusion reveals an occult aetiology of plastic bronchitis and a second target for embolization and successful treatment.
Retracts of Free Groups and a Question of Bergman
Authors: Snopce Ilir , Tanushevski Slobodan , Zalesskii Pavel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Let $F_n$ be a free group of finite rank $n \geq 2$. We prove that if $H$ is a subgroup of $F_n$ with $\textrm {rk}(H)=2$ and $R$ is a retract of $F_n$, then $H \cap R$ is a retract of $H$. However, for every $m \geq 3$ and every $1 \leq k \leq n-1$, there exist a subgroup $H$ of $F_n$ of rank $m$ and a retract $R$ of $F_n$ of rank $k$ such that $H \cap R$ is not a retract of $H$. This gives a complete answer to a question of Bergman. Furthermore, we prove that $\textrm {rk}(H \cap \textrm {Fix}(S)) \leq \textrm {rk}(H)$ for every family $S$ of endomorphisms of $F_n$ and every subgroup $H$ of $F_n$ with $\textrm {rk}(H) \leq 3$.
Immunogenicity of Reduced-Dose Monovalent Type 2 Oral Poliovirus Vaccine in Mocuba, Mozambique
Authors: de Deus Nilsa , Capitine Igor Paulo Ubisse , Bauhofer Adilson Fernando Loforte , Marques Selma , Cassocera Marta , Chissaque Assucênio , Bero Diocreciano Matias , Langa José Paulo , Padama Fernando Manuel , Jeyaseelan Visalakshi , Oberste M Steven , Estivariz Concepcion F , Verma Harish , Jani Ilesh , Mach Ondrej , Sutter Roland W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The monovalent type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (mOPV2) stockpile is low. One potential strategy to stretch the existing mOPV2 supply is to administer a reduced dose: 1 drop instead of 2.

Methods
We conducted a randomized, controlled, open-label, noninferiority trial (10% margin) to compared immunogenicity after administration of 1 versus 2 drops of mOPV2. We enrolled 9–22-month-old infants from Mocuba district of Mozambique. Poliovirus neutralizing antibodies were measured in serum samples collected before and 1 month after mOPV2 administration. Immune response was defined as seroconversion from seronegative (&lt;1:8) at baseline to seropositive (≥1:8) after vaccination or boosting titers by ≥4-fold for those with titers between 1:8 and 1:362 at baseline. The trial was registered at anzctr.org.au (no. ACTRN12619000184178p).

Results
We enrolled 378 children, and 262 (69%) completed per-protocol requirements. The immune response of mOPV2 was 53.6% (95% confidence interval, 44.9%–62.1%) and 60.6% (52.2%–68.4%) in 1-drop and 2-drop recipients, respectively. The noninferiority margin of the 10% was not reached (difference, 7.0%; 95% confidence interval, −5.0% to 19.0%).

Conclusion
A small loss of immunogenicity of reduced mOPV2 was observed. Although the noninferiority target was not achieved, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization recommended the 1-drop strategy as a dose-sparing measure if mOPV2 supplies deteriorate further.
What’s Sex Got to Do With It? Understanding Potential Confounding and Exposure Misclassification in Mechanistic Sexually Transmitted Infection Research
Authors: Deese Jennifer , Wang Meng , Lapple Dana , Nelson Julie A E , Kuerten Bethany , Steiner Markus J , Chen Pai Lien , Hobbs Marcia M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We conducted a prospective study of 13 heterosexual couples to understand the impact of recent condomless vaginal sex on vaginal immune marker measurement and potential exposure misclassification due to the presence of semen. All immune markers were detectable in semen and concentrations of vaginal immune markers varied by sex recency.
Phase imaging dislocations using diffracted beam interferometry
Authors: Herring Rodney 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A phase imaging method that measures the phase shift existing at a dislocation’s core is described. The method uses the interference of two symmetrically diffracted beams on the optic axis by means of an electron biprism. Each diffracted beam carries half the phase of the dislocation core. When combined, the entire phase shift of the dislocation core is obtained.
Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the gallbladder—a rare find
Authors: Cunha Roberto , Parreira Rafaela , Quintanilha Rui , Carneiro Vítor , Medeiros Armando , Leite Inês 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is universally known and accepted that the development of a certain type of tissue outside its usual location, like in the gastrointestinal tract, can occur. This is a relatively common situation in the upper region of the gastrointestinal tract. However, the development of gastric mucosa in the gallbladder is a rare find. The following is the case of a 22-year-old male with an 18 mm gallbladder polyp, who electively underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, having been diagnosed at a histopathological level with heterotopic gastric mucosa in the gallbladder. This brief article also aims to provide a reflection on the possible evolution of neoplasms from this histological change, based on the doubts raised in literature.
NNIL-formulas revisited: Universal models and finite model property
Authors: Ilin Julia , de Jongh Dick , Yang Fan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNNIL-formulas, introduced by Visser in 1983–1984 in a study of $\varSigma _1$-subsitutions in Heyting arithmetic, are intuitionistic propositional formulas that do not allow nesting of implication to the left. The first results about these formulas were obtained in a paper of 1995 by Visser et al. In particular, it was shown that NNIL-formulas are exactly the formulas preserved under taking submodels of Kripke models. Recently, Bezhanishvili and de Jongh observed that NNIL-formulas are also reflected by the colour-preserving monotonic maps of Kripke models. In the present paper, we first show how this observation leads to the conclusion that NNIL-formulas are preserved by arbitrary substructures not necessarily satisfying the topo-subframe condition. Then, we apply it to construct universal models for NNIL. It follows from the properties of these universal models that NNIL-formulas are also exactly the formulas that are reflected by colour-preserving monotonic maps. By using the method developed in constructing the universal models, we give a new direct proof that the logics axiomatized by NNIL-axioms have the finite model property.
On the impact of baryons on the halo mass function, bias, and cluster cosmology
Authors: Castro Tiago , Borgani Stefano , Dolag Klaus , Marra Valerio , Quartin Miguel , Saro Alexandro , Sefusatti Emiliano 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Luminous matter produces very energetic events, such as active galactic nuclei and supernova explosions, that significantly affect the internal regions of galaxy clusters. Although the current uncertainty in the effect of baryonic physics on cluster statistics is subdominant as compared to other systematics, the picture is likely to change soon as the amount of high-quality data is growing fast, urging the community to keep theoretical systematic uncertainties below the ever-growing statistical precision. In this paper, we study the effect of baryons on galaxy clusters, and their impact on the cosmological applications of clusters, using the magneticum suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We show that the impact of baryons on the halo mass function can be recast in terms on a variation of the mass of the haloes simulated with pure N-body, when baryonic effects are included. The halo mass function and halo bias are only indirectly affected. Finally, we demonstrate that neglecting baryonic effects on haloes mass function and bias would significantly alter the inference of cosmological parameters from high-sensitivity next-generations surveys of galaxy clusters.