bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Supernova Candidate at z = 0.092 in XMM–Newton Archival Data
Authors: Novara Giovanni , Esposito Paolo , Tiengo Andrea , Vianello Giacomo , Salvaterra Ruben , Belfiore Andrea , Luca Andrea De , D’Avanzo Paolo , Greiner Jochen , Scodeggio Marco , Rosen Simon , Delvaux Corentin , Pian Elena , Campana Sergio , Lisini Gianni , Mereghetti Sandro , Israel G. L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
During a search for X-ray transients in the XMM–Newton archive within the EXTraS project, we discovered a new X-ray source that is detected only during an ∼5 min interval of an ∼21 hr-long observation performed on 2011 June 21 (EXMM 023135.0–603743, probability of a random Poissonian fluctuation: ∼1.4 × 10−27). With dedicated follow-up observations, we found that its position is consistent with a star-forming galaxy (SFR = 1–2 M
⊙ yr−1) at redshift z = 0.092 ± 0.003 (d = 435 ± 15 Mpc). At this redshift, the energy released during the transient event was 2.8 × 1046 erg in the 0.3–10 keV energy band (in the source rest frame). The luminosity of the transient, together with its spectral and timing properties, make EXMM 023135.0–603743 a gripping analog to the X-ray transient associated to SN 2008D, which was discovered during a Swift/XRT observation of the nearby (d = 27 Mpc) supernova-rich galaxy NGC 2770. We interpret the XMM–Newton event as a supernova shock break-out or an early cocoon, and show that our serendipitous discovery is broadly compatible with the rate of core-collapse supernovae derived from optical observations and much higher than that of tidal disruption events.
A EJA no sistema penitenciário: inclusão e ressocialização.
Authors: Lopes Maria Janaína Rabelo , Lima Nara Lucia Gomes , Almeida Danusa Mendes 
Published: July 2020

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos no sistema penitenciário tem o intuito de proporcionar escolarização aqueles que não tiveram a oportunidade de cursar na idade própria. É um direito constitucional garantido por lei para aqueles que estão privados de liberdade, jovens e adultos que estão em situação de cárcere. Assim, tivemos como objetivo geral analisar a Educação de Jovens e Adultos no Sistema Penitenciário do estado do Ceará como um instrumento no processo de ressocialização do detento. Para tanto, utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que a EJA tem proporcionado oportunidade de escolarização e inclusão social. Além de formação humana e formação para o trabalho. No entanto, é necessário uma política pública contínua que proporcione não apenas a oferta de escolarização no interior do presídio, mas também uma educação reflexiva, crítica, problematizadora. Uma educação que seja humanizadora.
Uma sequência didática baseada na resolução de problemas e em material manipulativo envolvendo funções exponenciais e logarítmicas
Authors: Poffal Cristiana Andrade , Rodriguez Bárbara Denicol do Amaral , D'Ávila Cassia Gonçalves 
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma atividade contendo uma situação problema norteadora que descreve a taxa de crescimento da população infectada por uma doença viral. Sua solução envolve a função exponencial na modelagem e a aproximação de valores de logaritmos de base 10 com a régua de cálculo. Essa atividade faz parte da dissertação de Mestrado de uma das autoras que busca voltar à atenção dos educadores para a utilização de situações-problema e material manipulativo como ferramentas que visam despertar o interesse e a participação dos discentes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Com o intuito de verificar a eficiência de tais estratégias didáticas no ensino da Matemática, realizou-se uma pesquisa com alunos do primeiro ano do XXXX (XXXX). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os recursos didáticos utilizados são cativantes e capazes de aproximar o mundo matemático dos discentes.
Ações colaborativas na formação de professores: investigação dos conceitos de padrão e generalização
Authors: Paiva Maria Auxiliadora Vilela , Sousa Tatiana Bonomo de 
Published: July 2020

Esse artigo traz reflexões sobre uma formação continuada, parte de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que teve por objetivo investigar os saberes docentes (re)construídos por professores do Ensino Fundamental, por meio do estudo de padrões e generalizações com enfoque de uma matemática para o ensino. Destaca-se nessa pesquisa o papel dos saberes que emergem da prática para construção de saberes próprios da profissão docente. O estudo baseou-se em teorias que valorizassem a apropriação de um saber matemático para o ensino, em um processo coletivo e colaborativo de formação. Os relatos dos professores nas discussões coletivas revelaram que eles, em sua maioria, se apropriaram de uma cultura matemática referente ao conteúdo de padrões e generalizações, pois conceitos relacionados a esses conteúdos e às ideias subjacentes surgiram das reflexões da prática docente e das discussões das problematizações propostas. Ao enfatizar processos de colaboração e investigação, essa formação continuada proporcionou, dentro de um contexto histórico, social e cultural, a (re)construção de novos saberes de uma Matemática para o ensino da Álgebra. This article brings reflections on continuing teacher training, part of a qualitative research that aimed to investigate the teaching knowledge (re) constructed by elementary school teachers through the study of patterns and generalizations focusing on mathematics for teaching. Stands out In this research, the role of the knowledges that emerge from practice, for the construction of specifics knowledges of teacher profession. The study based on theories that value a mathematics knowledge for teaching, in a colletive and colaborative process. The teachers reports in the colletive discussion revealed that them, in their majority, appropriated of a mathematics culture referring to the content of patterns and generalizations, since concepts related to these contents and the underlying ideas emerged from their teachers practice reflections and from proposed problematizations discussions. To emphasize collaboration and investigation this teacher training process provided, within a historical, social, cultural context, the (re) construction of new mathematics knowledge for teaching.
Inequality in Latin America: the role of the nature of trade and partners
Authors: Muñoz Teresa María García , Baleix Juliette Milgram , Odeh Omar Odeh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between trade openness and income inequality in 11 Latin American countries over the period 1989–2015. The authors use a panel dynamic approach to take into account the high persistence of income inequality. The analysis classifies trade flows, exports and imports according to trading partner’s income level. Then, the authors split trade flows according to different stages of production. The results show that overall trade flows do not statistically affect income inequality in Latin America. However, trade has divergent effects depending on the trade partners: trade with similar- and lower-income countries exacerbates inequality, while trade with higherincome countries reduces income dispersion. The results also emphasise the role of the export channel (in particular in primary commodities) in explaining income inequality in Latin American countries and imports of consumption goods seem to matter more than imports of intermediate and capital goods.
Limites e possibilidades das temáticas f�sico-naturais na Base Nacional Curricular Comum: analisando os anos finais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Freitas Anniele , Manhães Cabral Thiago 
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do trabalho é compreender a operacionalização dos modos de racioc�nio (JO e BEDNARZ, 2009) e habilidades de pensamento (ANDERSON e KRATHWOHL, 2001) na produção dos conceitos espaciais ligados às temáticas f�sico-naturais, considerando as habilidades previstas na BNCC para os anos finais do ensino fundamental. Tais análises permitiram concluir que as temáticas f�sico-naturais privilegiam n�veis de compreensão e processamento no campo das operações de racioc�nio, bem como a exploração de conceitos espaciais complexos. Ao final, verifica-se a necessidade de resgatar a observação como habilidade primária de produção do conhecimento geográfico, de modo a resgatar a ideia de situação geográfica na direção da produção de sentidos significativos para as temáticas f�sico-naturais em múltiplas realidades escolares.
Palavras-Chave: racioc�nio geográfico; ensino de geografia; curr�culo; ensino fundamental II.
Uso corporativo do território e a nova divisão territorial do trabalho da indústria do vestuário no Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Galindo Leonardo da Silva , Azevedo Francisco Fransualdo de 
Published: July 2020

A produção do vestuário no Rio Grande do Norte (RN) caracterizava-se pela concentração de empresas e empregos em Natal. Recentemente houve redução dessas variáveis na capital, enquanto observou-se
movimento contrário no interior do estado. O objetivo deste artigo é compreender as transformações na divisão territorial do trabalho da indústria do vestuário no RN. A metodologia contemplou revisão bibliográfica, sistematização de dados secundários e pesquisa emp�rica. Constatamos uma redefinição da divisão do trabalho, com agentes promovendo um uso corporativo do território. Este provoca a dispersão de unidades produtivas que realizam serviços de costura para munic�pios do Seridó potiguar. Já as grandes fábricas continuam no comando da produção realizando outras etapas do processo produtivo em Natal e Parnamirim. A terceirização da costura consolidou no Seridó uma divisão interna do trabalho voltada ao setor têxtil e de confecções, com alguns munic�pios realizando a costura para grandes indústrias, e outros se especializando em produzir acessórios do vestuário e artefatos têxteis para uso doméstico.
Palavras-chave: Rio Grande do Norte; vestuário; divisão territorial do trabalho; terceirização.
Estado de conservação da vegetação natural frente às mudanças temporais da paisagem na Bacia Hidrográfica Paraguai/Jauquara, Mato Grosso - Brasil
Authors: Dourado da Costa Angelica Aparecida , Dos Santos Galvanin Edinéia Aparecida , Alves Vieira Elisa Hardt 
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar temporalmente as mudanças ocorridas na estrutura da paisagem e seus efeitos sobre a conservação da vegetação natural da Bacia Hidrográfica Paraguai/Jauquara-MT. O estudo se justifica pela importância da região hidrográfica e de suas subbacias na contribuição do pulso de inundação do Pantanal mato-grossense. No estudo foram utilizadas imagens dos satélites Landsat-5 e 8, classificadas por uso e cobertura da terra nos anos de 1997, 2007 e 2017. Foram aplicadas sete métricas de paisagem para análise das mudanças ocorridas ao longo do per�odo de 20 anos, por meio de medidas de área, fragmentação, tamanho, conectividade e isolamento da vegetação natural. Os resultados indicaram que 19% da vegetação natural foi convertida em pastagem, 14% entre 1997 e 2007 e 4% entre 2007 e 2017. A agricultura foi responsável por 1% entre os anos de 1997 e 2007, o que também contribuiu para a fragmentação e aumento no grau de isolamentos dos remanescentes de vegetação da bacia. Desde modo, sugere-se que medidas eficientes sejam adotadas na gestão ambiental, pois a alteração da vegetação natural da área de estudo pode vir a afetar os geossistemas e o pulso de inundação da plan�cie pantaneira.
Palavras-chave: sensoriamento remoto, geotecnologias, ecologia de paisagem, conservação ambiental.
Modeling of the Two-Dimensional Thawing of Logs in an Air Environment
Authors: Deliiski Nencho , Dzurenda Ladislav , Tumbarkova Natalia 
Published: July 2020

A two-dimensional mathematical model has been created, solved, and verified for the transient nonlinear heat conduction in logs during their thawing in an air environment. For the numerical solution of the model, an explicit form of the finite-difference method in the computing medium of Visual FORTRAN Professional has been used. The chapter presents solutions of the model and its validation towards own experimental studies. During the validation of the model, the inverse task of the heat transfer has been solved for the determination of the logs’ heat transfer coefficients in radial and longitudinal directions. This task has been solved also in regard to the logs’ surface temperature, which depends on the mentioned coefficients. The results from the experimental and simulative investigation of 2D nonstationary temperature distribution in the longitudinal section of poplar logs with a diameter of 0.24 m, length of 0.48 m, and an initial temperature of approximately –30°C during their many hours thawing in an air environment at room temperature are presented, visualized, and analyzed.
Experiencias de Docencia Virtual en Facultades de Medicina Españolas durante la pandemia COVID-19 (I): Anatomía, Fisiología, Fisiopatología, Oncología
Authors: Pericacho Miguel , Rosado Juan Antonio , Pons de Villanueva Juan , Arbea Leire 
Published: July 2020

Presentamos un resumen de las actividades que algunos profesores de Facultades de Medicina españolas han llevado a cabo durante las 3 semanas previas a las vacaciones de primavera. En éstas, la docencia presencial tuvo que ser sustituída por actividades en línea o virtuales, a causa de la implantación del estado de alarma en España, que motivó el cierre completo de las Universidades desde el 13 de marzo de 2020.
We present a summary of the activities that some professors of Schools of Medicine of Spain have carried out during the 3 weeks prior to spring break. In these, face-to-face teaching had to be replaced by online or virtual activities, due to the implementation of the state of alarm in Spain, which led to the complete closure of the Universities since March 13, 2020.
Decline of Empathy after the First Internship: Towards a More Functional Empathy?
Authors: Givron Hélène , Desseilles Martin 
Published: July 2020

Research has shown a decline in empathy as medical studies progress. Among various hypotheses, an explanation track evoked is the first contact with the internship.ObjectivesThis quasi-experimental study was designed to examine the impact of the first internship in medical students. Our research question was: “to what extent the first internship may decreased the empathy’s scores of our 3d year medical students?”MethodsWe measured the empathy of 220 third year medical students before and after their first internship (3 weeks) in family medicine. Using online surveys methodology, we collected data about empathy (“Interpersonal Reactivity Index”: IRI), epidemiology, professional orientation choices.ResultsStatistical analyses revealed a small but significant decrease in IRI’s “fantasy,” “empathic concern” and “personal distress” subscales.ConclusionThese results suggest a potential impact of the first internship on empathic skills. The fact that the students’ score for the “personal distress” subscale (which characterizes a difficulty in managing their emotions) decreases is actually a rather good thing. These data raise the question of the “function” of this loss of empathy. The fact that this score decreases after first internship, may indicate a positive change for these medical students: towards better emotional regulation and more functional affective empathy.
Doing nothing and what it looks like: inactivity in fattening cattle
Authors: Hintze Sara , Maulbetsch Freija , Asher Lucy , Winckler Christoph 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAnimals kept in barren environments often show increased levels of inactivity and first studies indicate that inactive behaviour may reflect boredom or depression-like states. However, to date, knowledge of what inactivity looks like in different species is scarce and methods to precisely describe and analyse inactive behaviour are thus warranted.MethodsWe developed an Inactivity Ethogram including detailed information on the postures of different body parts (Standing/Lying, Head, Ears, Eyes, Tail) for fattening cattle, a farm animal category often kept in barren environments. The Inactivity Ethogram was applied to Austrian Fleckvieh heifers kept in intensive, semi-intensive and pasture-based husbandry systems to record inactive behaviour in a range of different contexts. Three farms per husbandry system were visited twice; once in the morning and once in the afternoon to cover most of the daylight hours. During each visit, 16 focal animals were continuously observed for 15 minutes each (96 heifers per husbandry system, 288 in total). Moreover, the focal animals’ groups were video recorded to later determine inactivity on the group level. Since our study was explorative in nature, we refrained from statistical hypothesis testing, but analysed both the individual- and group-level data descriptively. Moreover, simultaneous occurrences of postures of different body parts (Standing/Lying, Head, Ears and Eyes) were analysed using the machine learning algorithm cspade to provide insight into co-occurring postures of inactivity.ResultsInspection of graphs indicated that with increasing intensity of the husbandry system, more animals were inactive (group-level data) and the time the focal animals were inactive increased (individual-level data). Frequently co-occurring postures were generally similar between husbandry systems, but with subtle differences. The most frequently observed combination on farms with intensive and semi-intensive systems was lying with head up, ears backwards and eyes open whereas on pasture it was standing with head up, ears forwards and eyes open.ConclusionOur study is the first to explore inactive behaviour in cattle by applying a detailed description of postures from an Inactivity Ethogram and by using the machine learning algorithm cspade to identify frequently co-occurring posture combinations. Both the ethogram created in this study and the cspade algorithm may be valuable tools in future studies aiming to better understand different forms of inactivity and how they are associated with different affective states.
Identification and expression pattern of chemosensory genes in the transcriptome of Propsilocerus akamusi
Authors: Yan Chuncai , Sun Xiaoya , Cao Wei , Li Ruoqun , Zhao Cong , Sun Zeyang , Liu Wenbin , Pan Lina 
Published: July 2020

Chironomidae is the most ecologically diverse insects in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats. Propsilocerus akamusi (Tokunaga) is a dominant and ubiquitous chironomid species in Eastern Asia and its morphologically unique larvae are also considered as indicator organisms to detect water contamination, potential toxicity and waterborne pathogens. Since few studies to date have focused on the olfactory system of P. akamusi, our study aims to elucidate the potential functions of chemosensory genes in P. akamusi. In our study, we found that although signals released from male groups might attract female swarmers, it was a completely male-dominated mating process. Sequencing the transcriptome of P. akamusi on an Illumina HiSeq platform generated 4.42, 4.46 and 4.53 Gb of clean reads for heads, legs, and antennae, respectively. 27,609 unigenes, 20,379 coding sequences (CDSs), and 8,073 simple sequence repeats were finally obtained. The gene-level differential expression analysis demonstrated variants among three different tissues, including 2,019 genes specifically expressed in heads, 1,540 genes in legs, and 2,071 genes in antennae. Additionally, we identified an assortment of putative olfactory genes consisting of 34 odorant binding proteins, 17 odorant receptors, 32 gustatory receptors, 22 ionotropic receptors, six chemosensory proteins as well as 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins; their relative abundances in the above three tissues were also determined by RT-qPCR. Our finding could allow a more plausible understanding of certain olfaction-mediated behaviors in groups of this macroinvertebrate.
Ultrastrong Hierarchical Porous Materials via Colloidal Assembly and Oxidation of Metal Particles
Authors: Huo Wenlong , Zhang Xiaoyan , Tervoort Elena , Gantenbein Silvan , Yang Jinlong , Studart André R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPorous materials are useful as lightweight structures, bone substitutes, and thermal insulators, but exhibit poor mechanical properties compared to their dense counterparts. Biological materials such as bone and bamboo are able to circumvent this trade‐off between porosity and mechanical performance by combining pores at multiple length scales. Inspired by these biological architectures, a manufacturing platform that allows for the fabrication of Al2O3 foams and Al2O3/Al composites with hierarchical porosity and enhanced mechanical properties is developed. Macroscale pores are formed through the assembly of aluminum particles around templating air bubbles in wet foams, whereas the thermal oxidation of the metal particles above 800 °C generates porosity at the micrometer scale. After elucidating the mechanism of pore formation under different sintering conditions at the microscale, the mechanical performance of the resulting hierarchical foams using compression experiments and finite element simulations is evaluated. Porous materials manufactured via this simple approach are found to reach unparalleled mechanical properties with near‐zero sintering shrinkage and minimum loss in mechanical strength. The ability to produce macroscopic objects with ultrahigh strength at porosities up to 95% makes this an attractive manufacturing technology for the fabrication of high‐performance lightweight structures or advanced thermal and acoustic insulators.
Sponges with Janus Character from Nanocellulose: Preparation and Applications in the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Wounds
Authors: Cheng Huan , Xiao Dongdong , Tang Yujing , Wang Bijia , Feng Xueling , Lu Mujun , Vancso G. Julius , Sui Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of a rapid and effective hemostatic dressing is highly desired in the treatment of hemorrhagic wounds. In this study, sponges with Janus character are developed using cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) that exhibit materials facets of different wettability characteristics using heterogeneous mixing and freeze−drying. The bonding of the interface between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic facets is achieved by using interpenetrating chemical cross‐linking between CNFs and organosilanes. The hydrophilic layer absorbs water from blood and works synergistically with the inherent hemostatic chitosan‐rich complementary layer to accelerate blood clotting, displaying both active and passive hemostatic mechanisms. The hydrophobic layer prevents blood penetration into the construct and exerts proper pressure on the wound. Compared with the hydrophilic control samples and commercial gauzes, the Janus sponges can achieve effective bleeding control with nearly 50% less blood loss in a femoral artery injury model and prolong the survival time in a carotid artery injury model. Compared with the only hydrophilic layer, the time to hemostasis of Janus sponge are reduced from 165 ± 20 to 131 ± 26 s in femoral artery injury model and from 102 ± 21 to 83 ± 15 s in liver femoral artery injury model.