bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on Hepatic Sulfobromophthalein Removal During Infusion
Authors: Pagliardi E , Giangrandi E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Experiments were performed with the infusion of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) for brief periods (15 min.) in man, following an initial massive dose of dye at the beginning of the experiment. Infusion was such as to ensure a continuous increase in the plasma BSP level. In these conditions, BSP removal due to the storage capacity of the liver was studied. The rate of removal was found to depend on the concentration gradients of BSP/protein in the serum and in the liver cell. It was also shown that the values for the hepatic removal determined according to this method are correlated in a highly significant manner with the values for the BSP clearance.
Paper Electrophoresis of Native Gastric Juice after Concentration by Dialysis against Carbowax 6000
Authors: Ishimori Akira , Jerzy Glass George B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method is presented for the concentration of native gastric juice by dialysis against a 30% solution of Carbowax 6000 in distilled water, prior to paper electrophoresis. Detailed descriptions of the dialysis procedure and subsequent vertical paper electrophoresis are given. The data show that the dialysis procedure is comparable to the lyophilization technic and has the advantage of faster processing, which makes the method applicable to routine clinical use in many diagnostic applications.
Identification of Cholesterol in Fluid from an Intracranial Cyst by X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Parsons Jonathan , Bartone John R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The use of X-ray diffraction to identify crystals from the fluid obtained from a brain tap is illustrated. The procedure for making this type of analysis is described and a very brief description of X-ray diffraction process given. Photographs of the powder diffraction patterns are included, as well as a table giving the interplanar distances and relative intensities corresponding to the pattern for cholesterol.
Critical Evaluation of a New Ultramicro System for Routine Clinical Chemistry Procedures
Authors: O'Brien Donough , Ibbott Frank , Pinfield Ann 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A critical appraisal is presented of 11 clinical chemical methods presently available with the Beckman/Spinco Ultramicro Analytical System. After certain modifications, the suggested technics, with the exception of that for serum bicarbonate estimation, offer acceptable standards of accuracy for clinical work.
Determination of the pH of Hemolyzed Packed Red Cells from Arterial Blood
Authors: Purcell May K , Still Gertrude M , Rodman Theodore , Close Henry P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A technic is described for the determination of the in vivo pH of red blood cell hemolysates. The mean arterial red cell pH of 20 normal subjects was 7.19 with a range of 7.15 to 7.22. The fiducial probability at the 0.95 level is 7.13 to 7.25. The mean difference in pH between plasma and cells was 0.21, with a range of 0.15 to 0.23.
It is suggested that changes in pH of erythrocytes may reflect changes in other less accessible cells of the body and that the determination may be a useful research and clinical procedure in the study of metabolic and respiratory derangements.
An Evaluation of Four Methods of Measuring Urinary Creatinine
Authors: Cooper James Martin , Biggs H G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Four different methods were evaluated for the determination of the creatinine content of a series of 24-hour urine samples. The results indicate that the methods of Folin, Hare, and Van Pilsum give essentially the same values. The precision of the method of Sullivan and Irreverre was extremely poor and the values obtained were 2-8 times higher than those obtained by the other technics.
The compound, 1,4-naphthoquinone, used in the procedure of Sullivan and Irreverre, was synthesized and compared with a commercial sample. Data concerning 1,4-naphthoquinone-2-potassium sulfonate is given to clarify its identity.
Optimal Conditions for the Enzymatic Determination of L-Lactic Acid
Authors: Olson G F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple enzymatic method for the determination of lactic acid with muscle lactic dehydrogenase is described. L(+) Lactate in amounts from 0.04 µM to 0.4 µM can be directly measured by following the formation of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide at 340 mµ.
The effect of varying the concentrations of reactants in the test system was studied, and the optimal concentrations for stoichiometric conversion of lactate to pyruvate were determined. When lactic acid concentrations in plasma, liver, and heart muscle were determined by both enzymatic and chemical methods, identical results were obtained. The advantages of the present enzymatic procedure over chemical methods are discussed.
Lactic Dehydrogenase in the Serum of Newborn Infants with Jaundice
Authors: McCoord Augusta B , Jameson Dorothy H , Daugherty Viola R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The concentration of LDH in the serum of normal newborn infants tends to be greater than in that of normal older children and adults. The concentration of LDH in the serum of infants suffering from erythroblastosis fetalis is very variable and may be increased much above that of normal infants. A considerable number of babies with erythroblastosis fetalis have higher concentrations of LDH and lower concentrations of indirect-reacting bilirubin in their serum than do babies with physiologic jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia). However, among the infants studied, there is no consistent correlation between the concentration of serum LDH and that of indirect-reacting bilirubin. In infants being treated by exchange transfusion, the rise and fall of serum LDH and bilirubin tend to parallel each other.
Serum Amylase Determination by Somogyi's Amyloclastic Method with Use of a Photometric End-Point
Authors: Reif Arnold E , Nabseth Donald C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Somogyi's amyloclastic amylase assay has been modified by substitution of a spectrophotometric end point for visual observation, thereby increasing precision without changing the Somogyi assay units.
A method of estimating starch concentration from the intensity of the starchiodine color reaction is described; absorbance is directly proportional to starch concentration.
Somogyi's finding that corn starch is the substrate showing least variation inability to be degraded by amylase has been confirmed; a rapid method of standardizing the substrate is described.
High amylase activities obtained using the amyloclastic method with sera containing lysed red cells are artifacts resulting from the interference of hemoglobin with the starch-iodine color reaction; the extent of the interference has been delineated, and means of avoiding it are described.
Micro Immunochemical Method for Estimating High- and Low-Density Lipoproteins
Authors: Searcy R L , Carroll V P , Carlucci J S , Bergquist L M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A rapid technic is proposed for immunochemically measuring total, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as total low-density lipoprotein precipitates in small quantities of human serum. Lipoprotein cholesterol values obtained by the method are reproducible and correlate well with those yielded by paper electrophoresis. The immunochemical procedure has been used to assess serum lipid fractions in 10 patients during a short-term course of sodium dextro-thyroxine therapy.
1960 Survey of Clinical Chemistry Procedures used by Members of the American Association of Clinical Chemists
Authors: Rice Eugene W , Grogan Betty S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The results of the survey of the analytical procedures currently used in the clinical laboratories of members of the American Association of Clinical Chemists for the routine determination of 14 selected blood constituents are presented. The data are analyzed critically and discussed in relation to the question of standardization of bioanalytical procedures.
Beta Radiation Self Absorption of Precipitates Collected on Filter Paper
Authors: Gottschalk Raymond G , Hoch Hans , Stidworthy George H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Different yields of precipitate and different types of self absorption curves were obtained when radioactive sulfur was precipitated as BaSO4 in the presence and in the absence of salt. An equation was derived for expressing the self absorption of precipitates collected on filter paper which takes into account the yield of precipitate and the partial penetration of the precipitate into the filter paper. From the computed estimates of the parameters, it was concluded that the precipitate obtained in the absence of salt penetrates into the filter paper. This conclusion was supported by microscopic observations.
The Denis method of oxidation followed by barium precipitation and filtration is well suited for the determination of total and isotopic sulfur because of complete recovery and lack of penetration of the precipitate into the filter paper. The count rates of radiosulfur treated by this method fit the usual equation reflecting an exponential absorption of beta radiation better than empirical linear relationships. A filtration apparatus is described which permits the determination of the radioactivity of a precipitate without removing the filter paper from its support.
Serum Lipase Determination with an Olive Oil Substrate Using a Three-Hour Incubation Period
Authors: MacDonald Roderick P , LeFave Royal O 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effect of various emulsifying agents, pH, buffers, and accelerators on the Cherry-Crandall procedure for determining serum lipase was studied. A method is proposed which uses a 3-hour incubation period. Olive oil emulsified with 7% acacia is the substrate. This is buffered with tris buffer, pH 8.0; magnesium acetate and EDTA are added as accelerators. Other conditions which result in an increased rate of hydrolysis are discussed.
An o-Toluidine Method for Body-Fluid Glucose Determination
Authors: Dubowski Kurt M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Since publication of the above paper, we have found that a procedure similar to the one described for determination of aldosaccharides in body fluids using o-toluidine in glacial acetic acid solution was described by Eric Hultman in Nature183, 108 (1959). A modification of Hultman's procedure has recently been described by A. Hyvärinen and E. A. Nikkilä in Clin. Chim. Acta7, 140 (1962).
The omission of reference to Dr. Hultman's paper was entirely unintentional. Our own procedure was, of course, derived entirely experimentally, based upon Dr. O. M. Forsell's suggestion to us of Mar. 13, 1960, that we should consider the use of o-toluidine as a glucose reagent; and this suggestion is properly credited in the paper as a personal communication. The papers by Hultman and by Hyvärinen and Nikkilä nicely confirm some of the significant experimental details and results of our procedure; but obviously the Hultman paper has priority with respect to this principle.
X-Ray Spectrometry in the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Natelson Samuel , Sheid Bertrum , Leighton Donald R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A procedure is described for estimating the bromide content of human serum from individuals not receiving bromide medication. In the procedure, the serum is ashed and dissolved in hydrochloric acid. The solution is dehydrated with the calculated amount of acetic anhydride and the precipitated sodium chloride is washed with additional glacial acetic acid to remove the bromides. The sodium chloride is removed by centrifugation and the bromides recovered by evaporation of the acetic acid. The residue is dissolved in methanol and transferred to filter paper for assay in the X-ray spectrometer. The procedure, with the omission of ashing, is applicable to sea water. When it was applied to sea water, strontium as well as bromide could be visualized on the recorder of the instrument and assayed.
Normal human serum was found to contain a mean level of 252 µg. bromide per 100ml., with a range (2σ) of ± 42 µg./100 ml.
Blood Oxygen Determination by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Chambliss K Wayne , Nouse Don C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One hundred blood specimens have been analyzed for blood oxygen content simultaneously by the Van Slyke gasometric technic and gas chromatographic technic. The two technics agree within ±0.83 Vol.%.
The gas chromatography instrument must be standardized by comparing its results with another blood oxygen procedure such as the Van Slyke technic.
Suggestions are made for the improvement of the gas chromatography equipment.
Standard of Purity for Cholesterol
Authors: Radin Nathan , Gramza Adalbert L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Three recrystallization technics were used to fractionate five commercial cholesterol products and one artificial mixture. One technic involved the recrystallization of cholesterol from absolute ethyl alcohol, the second technic involved the recrystallization of cholesterol from glacial acetic acid, and the third technic used the dibromide derivative method. The molar absorptivities for the various crystal batches were in the range of 1610 to 1750 L. mole-1 cm.-1 at 620 mµ with a modified Liebermann-Burchard procedure. The molar absorptivities were in the range of 9,800 to 11,500 L. mole-1 cm.-1 at 560 mµ with a modified sulfuric acid-iron method. The original products and the ethyl alcohol recrystallized products showed molar absorptivities at the lower limits of the ranges, while the glacial acetic acid and dibromide derivative recrystallized cholesterol showed molar absorptivities at the higher limits of the ranges. Absorption peaks at 235 mµ for methyl alcohol solutions of the cholesterol preparations were used to estimate cholesterol impurities on the basis of 7-keto cholesterol acetate absorption values. The decrease of absorption in the ultraviolet spectral region established that impurities were removed from the cholesterol preparations studied.
Simple Open Fusion for an Iodine Screen Test
Authors: Baginski Eugene S , Zak Bennie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A procedure is described for the screening of serum samples for contamination with iodine. It is extremely rapid, obviates any cross-contamination problem, and is not influenced by the organic compounds of raw serum or filtrates. Studies indicate that the open-combustion technic is a reliable screening system for the handling of large numbers of samples.
A Mercurimetric Chloride Determination Suitable for Icteric Sera
Authors: Fingerhut B , Marsh W H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A modification of the direct mercurimetric determination of serum chloride suitable for icteric sera is presented. The method is simple, rapid, and accurate. No deproteinization of the sample is required. The results agree well with the standard protein-free filtrate procedure of Schales and Schales.
Changes in the Serum Protein Levels During Wound Tissue Regeneration
Authors: DiLallo Lilita , Haley Harold B , Williamson Martin B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effect of wounding and formation of regenerating wound tissue on the level of the serum proteins was studied in rats on a protein-free diet. It was found that the level of the globulin component having the third greatest electrophoretic mobility, probably part of the α2-globulin fraction, rose about 60% within 3 days after wounding and did not begin to return to normal until about 10 days later. Concomitantly, the level of the globulin with least mobility, presumably the -globulin component, decreased about 35% and also began to return to normal within 2 weeks after wounding. Varying the rate of healing, by the addition of protein or methionine to the diet, had no effect on the changes in the serum globulin levels. The newly formed α2-globulins were shown to be distinct from fetuin.
The Fate of Large Doses of Creatine Injected Intraperitoneally into Normal Rats
Authors: Van Pilsum John F , Warhol Richard M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Four young adult male rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of 227 mg. creatine and their urines collected for 48 hr. The creatine and creatinine in the carcass and urine of these 4 rats and in those of 4 control rats were determined.
Eighty-nine per cent of the injected dose was recovered-83% in the urine and 6% in the carcass. The data are interpreted to indicate that there was no significant destruction of creatine under these experimental conditions in the normal rat.
Direct Determination of Calcium in Icteric Serum
Authors: Fingerhut B , Miller H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A rapid method suitable for the direct titrimetric determination of calcium in icteric sera is presented. The major portion of serum chromogens are oxidized to colorless products by either a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and potassium ferricyanide or by sodium hypochlorite. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is the titrant used and either calcein or Cal-Red is suitable as the specific calcium indicator. Results compare favorably with those obtained by the method of Clark and Collip.
A Spectrophotometric Method for Measuring Serum Trypsin Inhibitor Capacity
Authors: Homer George M , Katchman Bernard J , Zipf Robert E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The spectrophotometric method of Schwert and Takenaka (11) for the assay of trypsin esterolytic activity has been modified for the measurement of the trypsin inhibitor capacity of serum. An average value of 0.99 mg. of trypsin inhibited per milliliter of serum (3 S.D. = ±0.30) was determined for 50 control subjects. Patient serum assay values determined with this method have been found similar to those determined with the modified Kunitz method using l131-labeled casein as the substrate-in the normal range for a variety of pathologic conditions and in the elevated range for abnormalities of the pancreas and generalized cancer conditions. From the standpoints of accuracy, simplicity, and speed this technic is believed to be an improvement over previous methods for the measurement of this serum variable.
Modification of the Fluorescence Attachment for the Beckman Model DU Spectrophotometer
Authors: Rockenmacher Morris , Farr Andrew F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Details are given for the modification of the fluorescence attachment for the Beckman DU instrument so that all filters are easily changed. The versatility of the instrument is improved as the attachment does not have to be removed when the instrument is used as a spectrophotometer.
A Modified Ninhydrin Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Plasma Alpha-Amino Nitrogen
Authors: Fisher Lillian J , Bunting Sylvia L , Rosenberg Leon E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The present report describes the development of and results with a modified ninhydrin colorimetric method for the determination of free plasma -amino nitrogen. Precipitation of the plasma proteins with a hydrochloric acid-sodium tungstate reagent, filtration of the deproteinized filtrate through glass wool plugs, and reduction of the pH of the reaction resulted in improved reproducibility, lower water blank readings, and lower plasma -amino nitrogen concentrations which agreed closely with values obtained using other standard technics. The stoichiometry of the modified reaction and recovery of standard amino acid solutions were investigated and found to be satisfactory. A comparative study with the ninhydringasometric technic showed that the modified colorimetric procedure described herein yielded values in very close agreement with the more laborious manometric determination. Fasting venous plasma samples obtained from 21 normal volunteers yielded a mean plasma concentration of 3.85 mg./100 ml. The report concludes from these observations that the modified colorimetric procedure provides an accurate, simple, and rapid estimation of the total free amino acid content of human blood plasma.
In Vitro Stabilization of Blood Glucose with Water
Authors: Meites Samuel , Bohman Nancy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The loss in glucose that shed blood undergoes on standing may be effectively inhibited for 2 hr., prior to protein precipitation, by a dilution with water of 1:80 (v/v). The inhibitory effect of water is independent of glucose concentration and temperature (up to and including room temperature). Incorporation of the dilution into the glucose oxidase method of Washko and Rice (4) makes the method particularly appropriate for the newborn.
A Quantitative Method of Determining Urinary Phenols
Authors: Barness Lewis A , Mellman William J , Tedesco Thomas , Young Diana G , Nocho Robert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A quantitative method for the determination of urinary phenols is described. Data obtained in 20 children by this method are similar to averages in adults obtained by others. This is exceeded by the excretion of a phenylketonuric infant when placed on excessive intakes of phenylalanine.
Differential Fluorometry in Catecholamine Determination: A Simplified Method of Calculation
Authors: Brunjes Shannon , Wybenga Donald 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for calculating the results of differential fluorometry in the determination of epinephrine and norepinephrine is described. A form which outlines the calculations in steps is illustrated. This simplified method is applicable to differential fluorometry and other procedures which involve solving two equations simultaneously.
The Accurate Gasometric Determination of the Oxygen-Hemoglobin Equilibrium in Dilute Solutions of Sheep Hemoglobin
Authors: Roughton F JW 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Apparatus and technique are described for the accurate gasometric macrodetermination of the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium in dilute solutions containing around 0.15 gm. Hb/100 ml., equivalent to blood diluted 100:1.
At the bottom of the equilibrium curve, i.e., in the range 0-2% Hb02, the method is accurate to ± 0.05% HbO2. Over the main part of the curve the mean accuracy is ± 0.5% Hb02. From such data, together with indirect kinetic information as to the character of the extreme top of the equilibrium curve, it has been possible, in the case of dilute sheep Hb solutions, to compute all four constants in Adair's general intermediate compound equation for the equilibrium between oxygen and hemoglobin.
Comparison of the results at pH 7.1 and 9.1 suggests that the first two oxygen molecules combine independently at both pH's. Interaction sets in at the third and more markedly at the fourth stage, but there are detailed differences in the degrees of interaction at these last two stages at the two pH's.
It is hoped that these equilibrium data in dilute sheep Hb solution will be of service in interpreting kinetic experiments on the rates of the reactions of oxygen and hemoglobin, which so far can only be carried out in dilute solutions of the latter.