bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characters of chloramine decay in large looped water distribution system – the case of Tianjin, China
Authors: Ma Kai , Hu Jiankun , Han Hongda , Zhao Lin , Li Rong , Su Xiao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the water distribution system of a large city, chloramine could experience rapid decay as residence time extends, which may further threaten drinking water safety. A correlation analysis was conducted between the total chlorine residual of four sites on the distribution system and the water quality of the corresponding water treatment plant with data from 2016 to 2018 for the city of Tianjin. The results showed that the total chlorine residuals of all sites were negatively correlated with the temperature of the treated water, while the total chlorine residual of pipeline water did not uniformly correlate with that of the treated water. Further, a chloramine decay calculation study showed that pipe wall-induced decay contributes a lot of chloramine losses by conducting Total Chloramine Decay Model (TCDM) calibration with the monitored data. Hence, increasing the total chlorine residual of treated water, especially in the hot season, may not effectively maintain the disinfectant concentration at an ideal level.
Tannin-based biosorbent encapsulated into calcium alginate beads for Cr(VI) removal
Authors: Sun Xubing , Zhang Jiayong , Ding Guowen , You Yaohui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A composite biosorbent (AC-TFR) prepared by encapsulating tannin-formaldehyde resin (TFR) into calcium alginate (AC) beads was used to remove Cr(VI) from an aqueous solution. Various influencing factors, such as TFR dosage, pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration, contact time, temperature and presence of co-ions in the medium, were investigated. The structures and adsorption performances of the adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Compared with other AC-TFR adsorbents, AC-TFR-2 (mass ratio of AC:TFR = 1:1) showed an excellent adsorption capacity based on the efficiency of Cr(VI) removal. The kinetic data fitted to pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models suggested that the adsorption process was subject to a rate-controlling step. The equilibrium adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacities of AC-TFR-2 were 145.99, 167.22 and 174.52 mg/g at 288, 298, and 308 K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that Cr(VI) removal by AC-TFR-2 was endothermic and spontaneous, and the process was chemical adsorption. The mechanism of Cr(VI) removal consisted first of reduction to Cr(III), which has a low toxicity, and then chelation onto AC-TFR-2 via ion exchange.
Morusin Inhibits Human Osteosarcoma via the PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yong , Weng Qiuyan , Chen Jianming , Han Jinming 
Published: April 2020

Objective:Osteosarcoma is considered as one of the most common types of bone tumors, which occurs among adolescents and children.Methods:Current therapy strategies still have limited effectiveness therefore, the development of new therapies is urgent. Morusin is a compound isolated from Morus australis (Moraceae). Many studies have reported its anti-tumor effect on several tumor types. However, its role in osteosarcoma is still unclear.Results:In this study, we determined that morusin significantly suppresses the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma were reduced after exposure to morusin. The deep mechanism was determined to be the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Conclusion:In conclusion, our study indicates morusin as a potential candidate for osteosarcoma therapy.
Recent Studies on Design and Development of Drugs Against Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Based on Inhibition of BACE-1 and Other AD-causative Agents
Authors: Gupta Satya P. , Patil Vaishali M. 
Published: April 2020

Background:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases and has been hypothesized to be a protein misfolding disease. In the generation of AD, β-secretase, γ-secretase, and tau protein play an important role. A literature search reflects ever increasing interest in the design and development of anti-AD drugs targeting β-secretase, γ-secretase, and tau protein.Objective:The objective is to explore the structural aspects and role of β-secretase, γ-secretase, and tau protein in AD and the efforts made to exploit them for the design of effective anti-AD drugs.Methods:The manuscript covers the recent studies on design and development of anti-AD drugs exploiting amyloid and cholinergic hypotheses.Results:Based on amyloid and cholinergic hypotheses, effective anti-AD drugs have been searched out in which non-peptidic BACE1 inhibitors have been most prominent.Conclusion:Further exploitation of the structural aspects and the inhibition mechanism for β-secretase, γ-secretase, and tau protein and the use of cholinergic hypothesis may lead still more potent anti-AD drugs.
Evaluation of Different Substrates for Yield and Yield Attributes of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Crop-livestock Farming System of Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Tekeste Negasi , Dessie Kindnew , Taddesse Kahsay , Ebrahim Assen 
Published: April 2020

Background:
In Tigray region of Ethiopia there is high rate of malnutrition which is severely affecting productivity of households. Cultivation of edible mushrooms can help to diversify income and mitigate malnutrition in the region.

Aim:
A laboratory experiment was carried out at Aksum University, northern Ethiopia aimed at evaluating the yield and yield attributes response of oyster mushroom to five types of substrates namely cotton seed hull, teff straw, barley straw, sesame stalk and sawdust.

Methods:
The experiment was set up in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD).

Results:
Findings of the experiment revealed that the type of substrate significantly (P≤0.05) affected days to mycelium invasion, days to pinhead formation, days to fruiting bodies formation and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus. Cotton seed hull was fastest in days to mycelium invasion with 15.66 days although in statistically parity with teff straw, barley straw and sesame stalk. Besides, cotton seed hull gave shortest days to pinhead formation, and days to fruiting bodies formation with 20.33 and 22.33 days respectively. The highest yield of 2170.33 gm kg-1 of substrate was obtained at cotton seed hull followed by barley straw which gave 1486.90 gm kg-1 of substrate and Teff straw which gave 1264.74 gm kg-1 of substrate.

Conclusion:
The experiment highlighted that cotton seed hull and barley straw can be used for mushroom production in the study area.
Peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis dengan metode make a match dalam inkuiri ditinjau dari perbedaan gender
Authors: Soraya Anggela , Rahayu Wardani , Ambarwati Lukita 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis menggunakan metode make a match dalam strategi pembelajaran inkuiri ditinjau dari perbedaan gender. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Jakarta Islamic School dan SMPIT Thariq Bin Ziyad, DKI Jakarta. Di SMP Jakarta Islamic School diterapkan strategi pembelajaran inkuiri, sementara di SMPIT Thariq Bin Ziyad diterapkan strategi pembelajaran inkuiri yang dipadukan dengan metode pembelajaran make a match. Populasi penelitian melibatkan peserta didik kelas VII, dimana kelas tersebut terpisah antara peserta didik laki-laki dan perempuan. Data yang diperoleh yaitu berasal dari data pre test dan post test yang berisi soal-soal pemecahan masalah matematis. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis varians (ANAVA) dua jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tidak tedapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis antara peserta didik laki-laki dan perempuan; (2) tidak terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis antara peserta didik yang menggunakan strategi pembelajaran inkuiri dan yang menggunakan strategi pembelajaran inkuiri dipadukan dengan metode make a match, dan (3) terdapat pengeruh interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan gender terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis peserta didik. Improvement of mathematical problem solving ability with make a match method in inquiry judging from gender differences AbstractThis study aims to describe the improvement the students’ ability in mathematical problem solving using make a match method in inquiry learning strategy in terms of gender differences. This study conducted in SMP Jakarta Islamic School and SMPIT Thariq Bin Ziyad, Jakarta, Indonesia. In SMP Jakarta Islamic School applied inquiry learning strategy, while in SMPIT Thariq Bin Ziyad applied inquiry strategy that combined with make a match learning method. The study population was students of class VII, where the class was separated between male and female students. The data obtained was derived from pre test and post test data containing problem solving mathematical problems. The data analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The result showed that (1) there was no difference in the improvement of mathematical problem solving ability between male and female students (2) there was no difference in the ability to solve mathematical problems between students using inquiry strategies and using inquiry strategies that combined with make a match, and (3) There was an effect of interaction between lerning strategy and gender toward students’ ability in mathematical problem solving.
Model matematis predator-prey tanaman padi, hama penggerek batang, tikus, dan wereng batang coklat di Karawang
Authors: Padilah Tesa Nur , Sari Betha Nurina , Hannie Hannie 
Published: April 2020

Karawang merupakan salah satu pusat penanaman padi di Pulau Jawa. Keberhasilan panen dapat terganggu oleh adanya organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT) sehingga dapat mengancam target swasembada beras. Hubungan antara tanaman padi dengan OPT dapat dibentuk menjadi suatu model matematis yaitu model predator-prey. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis model matematis predator-prey tanaman padi dan OPT. Predator (pemangsa) adalah makhluk hidup yang memakan mangsa (prey). Model predator-prey antara tanaman padi dengan OPT yang dibahas adalah model tiga predator yaitu hama penggerek batang, tikus, dan wereng batang coklat dengan prey yaitu padi. Pertumbuhan padi mengikuti model pertumbuhan logistik. Model yang diturunkan berbentuk sistem persamaan diferensial nonlinier. Pada model diperoleh lima titik ekuilibrium. Analisis perilaku model dilakukan pada tiga titik ekuilibrium dan ketiganya bersifat stabil asimtotik. Simulasi model dengan menggunakan software Maple 13 sejalan dengan analisis perilaku model. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh agar populasi hama penggerek batang, tikus, dan wereng batang coklat dapat menurun bahkan hilang dari populasi yaitu tingkat kematian alami serta tingkat interaksi padi terhadap hama-hama tersebut. Predator-prey mathematical model of rice plants, stem borer, rat, and brown planthopper in Karawang AbstractKarawang was one of the center of rice planting in Java Island. The success of the harvest may be disrupted by the presence of plant pest organisms that may threaten the rice self-sufficiency target. The relationship between rice plants and pests can be formed into a mathematical model, that was a predator-prey model. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the mathematical model of predator-prey between rice plants and plant pest organisme. Predators were living things that eat prey. The predator-prey model between rice plants and pests discussed was a three predator model of stem borer, rat, and brown stem rhizome with the prey, that was rice. Rice growth follows the logistic growth model. The derived model was an nonlinear differential equation system. In this model obtained five equilibrium points. Model behavioral analysis was performed on three equilibrium points and they were stable asymptotically. Simulations of the model using Maple 13 software were in good agreement with behavioral analysis model. Factors that influence the stem borer, rat, and brown planthopper population could decrease even disapear from the population were the natural death rate and the interaction rate of rice to the pests.
Model diskursus multi representasi dan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa sekolah menegah pertama
Authors: Budarsini Kadek Pasek , Suarsana I Made , Suparta I Nengah 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Diskursus Multi Representasi terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 5 Singaraja, Provinsi Bali. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah post-test only control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 5 Singaraja semester genap tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Sampel penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik cluster random sampling dan terpilih 2 kelas yakni kelas VII H dan kelas VII I sebagai sampel penelitian. Melalui pengundian kelas VII I dipilih sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VII H sebagai kelas kontrol. Data mengenai pemahaman konsep matematika siswa dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes essay dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t satu arah (one-tailed) pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa nilai thitung = 2,037 dan ttabel = 1,671, tampak bahwa thitung ttabelyang berarti hipotesis nol ditolak. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 5 Singaraja yang dibelajarkan model pembelajaran Diskursus Multi Representasi lebih baik dari kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional. Multiple representation discourse model and the ability of understanding the mathematical concept of students of junior high school AbstractThis research was a quasi-experimental research that aimed to determine the effect of Multiple Representation Discourse learning model towards the ability of understanding the mathematical concept of VII grade students of SMP Negeri 5 Singaraja, Province of Bali, Indonesia. The research design used in this research was post-test only control group design. The population of this study were all students of grade VII of SMP Negeri 5 Singaraja in second semester of academic year 2017/2018. The sample of the research was determided by cluster random sampling technique. The use of this technique was done by drawing the 11 classes. One class was taken randomly to be become experimental class and the other one as control class. Data of students' mathematics concept understanding were collected by using the essay test and were analyzed by using a one-tailed test at significance level of 5%. The results showed that tcount = 2.037 and ttable = 1.671, which means that the hypothesis null was rejected. This indicated that the application of the Multiple Representation Discourse model positively significantly affects the students' understanding on mathematical concepts
Perbandingan keefektifan pembelajaran berbasis proyek dan pembelajaran berbasis masalah ditinjau dari ketercapaian tujuan pembelajaran
Authors: Ismail Raoda 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek dan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah, dan perbandingan keefektifan pembelajaran berbasis proyek dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah ditinjau dari sikap percaya diri, pencapaian belajar matematika, dan keterampilan pemecahan masalah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain kelompok pretes-postes beracak. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 9 Yogyakarta. Sampel penelitian sebanyak dua kelas yang dipilih secara acak. Data hasi penelitian dianalisis dengan MANOVA, dan untuk mengetahui keefektifan pembelajaran berbasis proyek dan pembelajaran berbasis masalah menggunakan uji one sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran berbasis proyek efektif ditinjau dari sikap percaya diri dan keterampilan pemecahan masalah namun tidak efektif ditinjau dari pencapaian belajar matematika; model pembelajaran berbasis masalah efektif ditinjau dari sikap percaya diri, pencapaian belajar matematika, dan keterampilan pemecahan masalah; dan pembelajaran berbasis masalah lebih efektif dari pembelajaran berbasis proyek ditinjau dari pencapaian belajar matematika. The comparison of effectiveness of project-based learning and problem-based learning in terms of achievement of student’s learning objectives AbstractThis study aims to describe: the effectiveness of teaching mathematics using project-based learning and problem-based learning; and the comparison in the effectiveness between project-based learning and problem-based learning in terms of the attitude of confidence, achievement of learning mathematics, and problem solving skills. This study is a quasi-experimental study employing the pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. The research population comprised all year VIII students of SMPN 9 Yogyakarta. The sample consisted of two classes that were randomly established. The data were analysed by means of MANOVA, and to test the effectiveness of project-based learning and problem-based learning using one sample t-test. The result of this study shows that: project-based learning is effective in terms of the attitude of confidence and problem solving skills but not effective in learning based on achievement of learning mathematics; problem-based learning is effective in terms of the attitude of confidence, achievement of learning mathematics, and problem solving skills; and problem-based learning more effective than project-based learning based on achievement of learning mathematics.
Kemampuan argumentasi mahasiswa melalui model berpikir induktif dengan metode probing-prompting learning
Authors: Sadieda Lisanul Uswah 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan argumentasi maha­siswa sesudah mengikuti perkuliahan yang menerapkan model berpikir induktif dengan metode probing-prompting learning pada materi subgrup. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian adalah 38 mahasiswa angkatan 2016/2017 Prodi Pendidikan Matematika UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Instrumen yang digu­nakan adalah lembar tes kemampuan argumentasi. Kemampuan argumentasi mahasiswa diiden­tifikasi berdasarkan komponen argumentasi McNeill dan Krajcik yang terdiri dari claim, evidence, reasoning, dan rebuttal. Peningkatan kemampuan argumentasi mahasiswa dianalisis dengan statistik non parametrik menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank pada taraf signifikan 5% (α = 0,05). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan argumentasi mahasiswa setelah perlakuan lebih baik dibandingkan sebelum perlakuan dan terdapat perbedaan signi­fikan (Z = -7,397, p = 0,000) kemampuan argumentasi mahasiswa sebelum dan setelah diterap­kan model berpikir induktif dengan metode probing-prompting learning pada materi subgrup. Dengan demikian, penerapan model berpikir induktif dengan metode probing-prompting learning pada materi subgrup efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan argumen­tasi maha­siswa. Students’ argumentation ability through inductive thinking model with the probing-prompting learning methodAbstractThis study aimed to describe an increase in students' argumentative abilities after attending lectures that apply inductive thinking models with probing-prompting learning methods in subgroup material. This type of research was quasi-experimental with a quantitative approach. The study sample was 38 students of Mathematics Education Department of State Islamic University Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia. The instrument used was the argumentation ability test sheet. The student's argumentation ability was identified based on McNeill and Krajcik's argumentation component consisting of claims, evidence, reasoning, and rebuttal. Improved student argumentation skills were analyzed by non-parametric statistics using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The results of data analysis showed that the students’ argumen­tation ability after treatment was better than before treatment and there was a significant difference (Z = -7,397, p = 0,000) the ability of students' argumentation before and after the inductive thinking model with the probing-prompting learning method was applied in the subgroup material. Thus, the implementation of inductive thinking models with probing-prompting learning methods in subgroup material was effective for improving students' argu­men­tation abilities.
Pembelajaran kooperatif dalam pendekatan penemuan terbimbing ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan kepercayaan diri
Authors: Sejati Endah Octaningrum Wahani , Widjajanti Djamilah Bondan 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) dan Team-Assisted Individualization (TAI) dalam pendekatan penemuan terbimbing pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan kepercayaan diri siswa, dan membandingkan keefektifan antara kedua model pembelajaran tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu. Populasi mencakup seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta dan sampel diambil dua kelas secara acak dari 4 kelas yang ada. Analisis univariat dengan statistik uji one sample t-test dan uji paired sample t test pada taraf signifikansi 5% dilakukan untuk menguji keefektifaan model pembelajaran. Uji Multivariat Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) dilakukan untuk membandingkan keefektifaan kedua model pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan TAI dalam pendekatan penemuan terbimbing pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar masing-masing efektif ditinjau dari ketiga variabel terikat. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan prestasi belajar dan kemampuan berpikir kritis antara kelompok model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan TAI, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan jika ditinjau dari kepercayaan diri siswa. Cooperative learning using a guided discovery approach viewed from the learning achievement, critical thinking ability, and self-confidenceAbstractThis study aimed to describe the effectiveness of the cooperative learning model of Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) and Team-Assisted Individualization (TAI) types using the guided discovery approach in learning polyhedra viewed from the learning achievement, critical thinking ability, and self-confidence of the students, and compare the effectiveness of both learning models. This study was quasi-experimental. The research population comprised four classes of eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 11 (Junior High School) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and the sample of two classes was established randomly from the four classes. Univariate analysis with statistical one-sample t-test and paired sample t-test at a significance level of 5% was carried out to test the effectiveness of the learning model. The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) test was performed to compare the effectiveness of the two learning models. The results showed that the cooperative learning model of STAD and TAI types using the guided discovery approach on the material of polyhedra respectively effective in terms of the three dependent variables. The results also showed that there were significant differences in learning achievement and critical thinking skills between the cooperative learning model of STAD and TAI types groups, but there were no significant differences in terms of students’ self-confidence.