bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High CO performance of graphene oxide modified with CuCl by using “ion implantation” method
Authors: Nguyen Manh B , Le Giang H , Pham Trang TT , Pham Giang T T , Tran Quang Vinh , Nguyen Ngoc Tung , Thi Thu Ha Vu , Nguyen Tuyen V , Vu Tuan A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Copper (I) chloride (CuCl) modified graphene oxide with different copper (Cu) content were prepared by ‘ion implantation’ method using CuCl as Cu source. The samples were characterized by x-ray Powder Diffraction-XRD, FTIR, BET, SEM, TEM, EDS and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy-XPS. From TEM images and EDS elemental mapping, it showed the CuCl particles of 30–50 nm with high dispersion on graphene oxide surface. From XPS result, it revealed the presence of both Cu+ and Cu2+ ions but Cu+ ion amount was predominant. CO adsorption on CuCl modified graphene oxide with different Cu content was tested. Among tested CuCl modified GO samples, 2CuCl/GO sample exhibited the highest CO gas adsorption capacity of 2.9 mmol g−1 at 20 °C which was 7.5 times higher than that of pristine GO (0.38 mmol g−1). High CO adsorption performance on CuCl modified GO can be explained by the formation of π –complexation between CO molecules and Cu(I) ions. From CO adsorption on CuCl modified GO, it showed that the experimental data fit well with Langmuir- Freundlich model.
Nonparametric efficient causal mediation with intermediate confounders
Authors: Díaz I , Hejazi N S , Rudolph K E , van Der Laan M J 
Published: October 2020

SummaryInterventional effects for mediation analysis were proposed as a solution to the lack of identifiability of natural (in)direct effects in the presence of a mediator-outcome confounder affected by exposure. We present a theoretical and computational study of the properties of the interventional (in)direct effect estimands based on the efficient influence function in the nonparametric statistical model. We use the efficient influence function to develop two asymptotically optimal nonparametric estimators that leverage data-adaptive regression for the estimation of nuisance parameters: a one-step estimator and a targeted minimum loss estimator. We further present results establishing the conditions under which these estimators are consistent, multiply robust, $n^{1/2}$-consistent and efficient. We illustrate the finite-sample performance of the estimators and corroborate our theoretical results in a simulation study. We also demonstrate the use of the estimators in our motivating application to elucidate the mechanisms behind the unintended harmful effects that a housing intervention had on risky behaviour in adolescent girls.
Three Frontiers for the Future of Biodiversity Research Using Citizen Science Data
Authors: Callaghan Corey T , Poore Alistair G B , Mesaglio Thomas , Moles Angela T , Nakagawa Shinichi , Roberts Christopher , Rowley Jodi J L , VergÉs Adriana , Wilshire John H , Cornwell William K 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCitizen science is fundamentally shifting the future of biodiversity research. But although citizen science observations are contributing an increasingly large proportion of biodiversity data, they only feature in a relatively small percentage of research papers on biodiversity. We provide our perspective on three frontiers of citizen science research, areas that we feel to date have had minimal scientific exploration but that we believe deserve greater attention as they present substantial opportunities for the future of biodiversity research: sampling the undersampled, capitalizing on citizen science's unique ability to sample poorly sampled taxa and regions of the world, reducing taxonomic and spatial biases in global biodiversity data sets; estimating abundance and density in space and time, develop techniques to derive taxon-specific densities from presence or absence and presence-only data; and capitalizing on secondary data collection, moving beyond data on the occurrence of single species and gain further understanding of ecological interactions among species or habitats. The contribution of citizen science to understanding the important biodiversity questions of our time should be more fully realized.
Duration of Postdiarrheal Enteric Pathogen Carriage in Young Children in Low-resource Settings
Authors: McMurry Timothy L , McQuade Elizabeth T Rogawski , Liu Jie , Kang Gagandeep , Kosek Margaret N , Lima Aldo A M , Bessong Pascal O , Samie Amidou , Haque Rashidul , Mduma Estomih R , Leite Jose Paulo , Bodhidatta Ladaporn , Iqbal Najeeha T , Page Nicola , Kiwelu Ireen , Bhutta Zulfiqar A , Ahmed Tahmeed , Houpt Eric R , Platts-Mills James A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Prolonged enteropathogen shedding after diarrhea complicates the identification of etiology in subsequent episodes and is an important driver of pathogen transmission. A standardized approach has not been applied to estimate the duration of shedding for a wide range of pathogens.

Methods
We used a multisite birth cohort of children 0–24 months of age from whom diarrheal and monthly nondiarrheal stools were previously tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 29 enteropathogens. We modeled the probability of detection of the etiologic pathogen before and after diarrhea using a log-normal accelerated failure time survival model and estimated the median duration of pathogen carriage as well as differences in subclinical pathogen carriage 60 days after diarrhea onset in comparison to a prediarrhea baseline.

Results
We analyzed 3247 etiologic episodes of diarrhea for the 9 pathogens with the highest attributable burdens of diarrhea. The median duration of postdiarrheal carriage varied widely by pathogen, from about 1 week for rotavirus (median, 8.1 days [95% confidence interval {CI}, 6.2–9.6]) to &gt;1 month for Cryptosporidium (39.5 days [95% CI, 30.6–49.0]). The largest increases in subclinical pathogen carriage before and after diarrhea were seen for Cryptosporidium (prevalence difference between 30 days prior and 60 days after diarrhea onset, 0.30 [95% CI, .23–.39]) and Shigella (prevalence difference, 0.21 [95% CI, .16–.27]).

Conclusions
Postdiarrheal shedding was widely variable between pathogens, with strikingly prolonged shedding seen for Cryptosporidium and Shigella. Targeted antimicrobial therapy and vaccination for these pathogens may have a relatively large impact on transmission.
Innovations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care Delivery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Policies to Strengthen the Ending the Epidemic Initiative—A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association
Authors: Armstrong Wendy S , Agwu Allison L , Barrette Ernie-Paul , Ignacio Rachel Bender , Chang Jennifer J , Colasanti Jonathan A , Floris-Moore Michelle , Haddad Marwan , MacLaren Lynsay , Weddle Andrea 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The goal of the Ending the HIV Epidemic Initiative is to reduce new infections in the United States by 90% by 2030. Success will require fundamentally changing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and care delivery to engage more persons with HIV and at risk of HIV in treatment. While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduced in-person visits to care facilities and led to concern about interruptions in care, it also accelerated growth of alternative options, bolstered by additional funding support. These included the use of telehealth, medication delivery to the home, and increased flexibility facilitating access to Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program services. While the outcomes of these programs must be studied, many have improved accessibility during the pandemic. As the pandemic wanes, long-term policy changes are needed to preserve these options for those who benefit from them. These new care paradigms may provide a roadmap for progress for those with other chronic health issues as well.
Complex cardiac surgery in a high-risk patient with new-onset severe mitral regurgitation and aorta to right ventricular fistula after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a case report
Authors: Verdugo-Marchese Mario , Monney Pierre , Muller Olivier , Kirsch Matthias 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the procedure of choice for aortic stenosis in high surgical risk patients, but it is no free from complications.

Case summary
A 86-year-old patient with severe aortic stenosis underwent TAVI 3 years ago with an Edwards Sapiens valve by femoral access. In the echocardiography follow-up, an aorta–right ventricular (Ao-RV) fistula was noted with restrictive flow and no significant shunt and it was treated conservatively. Three years after TAVI, the patient underwent cardiac surgery because of worsening heart failure due to a severe degenerative mitral regurgitation with tethering of P2 due to left ventricular remodelling, a posterior jet of severe regurgitation, and left ventricular dilatation. Surgical replacement of the TAVI and aortic root with a bioprosthesis (Medtronic Freestyle) and direct closure of the fistula was performed along with the mitral valve replacement. The patient was discharged with a good clinical result and no evidence of remaining Ao-RV fistula at transthoracic echocardiography.

Discussion
Aorta–right ventricular fistula is a rare entity. Most reported cases arise after rupture of a congenital coronary sinus aneurism, endocarditis, trauma, and aortic valve or aortic root surgery. This is the 10th reported case after TAVI (9 after an Edwards Sapiens TAVI). Non-significant shunt can be treated conservatively but development of heart failure and death are described in significant shunts. Balloon post-dilatation and the absence of surgical calcium debridement inherent to TAVI may theoretically contribute to the development of the fistula. Surgical replacement and closure of the fistula is a therapeutic option for this entity even in high-risk patients.
Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use
Authors: Gicquelais Rachel E , Werb Dan , Marks Charles , Ziegler Carolyn , Mehta Shruti H , Genberg Becky L , Scheim Ayden I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Preventing the transition to injection drug use is an important public health goal, as people who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for overdose and acquisition of infectious disease. Initiation into drug injection is primarily a social process, often involving PWID assistance. A better understanding of the epidemiology of this phenomenon would inform interventions to prevent injection initiation and to enhance safety when assistance is provided. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to 1) characterize the prevalence of receiving (among injection-naive persons) and providing (among PWID) help or guidance with the first drug injection and 2) identify correlates associated with these behaviors. Correlates were organized as substance use behaviors, health outcomes (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus infection), or factors describing an individual’s social, economic, policy, or physical environment, defined by means of Rhodes’ risk environments framework. After screening of 1,164 abstracts, 57 studies were included. The prevalence of receiving assistance with injection initiation (help or guidance at the first injection) ranged 74% to 100% (n = 13 estimates). The prevalence of ever providing assistance with injection initiation varied widely (range, 13%–69%; n = 13 estimates). Injecting norms, sex/gender, and other correlates classified within Rhodes’ social risk environment were commonly associated with providing and receiving assistance. Nearly all PWID receive guidance about injecting for the first time, whereas fewer PWID report providing assistance. Substantial clinical and statistical heterogeneity between studies precluded meta-analysis, and thus local-level estimates may be necessary to guide the implementation of future psychosocial and sociostructural interventions. Further, estimates of providing assistance may be downwardly biased because of social desirability factors.
How to produce sound predictions of incidence at a district level using either health care or mortality data in the absence of a national registry: the example of cancer in France
Authors: Chatignoux Edouard , Uhry Zoé , Grosclaude Pascale , Colonna Marc , Remontet Laurent 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In many countries, epidemiological surveillance of chronic diseases is monitored by local registries (LR) which do not necessarily cover the whole national territory. This gap has fostered interest in using non-registry databases (e.g., health care or mortality databases) available for the whole territory as proxies for incidence at the local level. However, direct counts from these databases do not provide reliable incidence measures. Accordingly, specific methods are needed to correct proxies and assess their epidemiological usefulness.

Methods
This study’s objective was to implement a three-stage turnkey methodology using national non-registry data to predict incidence in geographical areas without an LR as follows: constructing a calibration model to make predictions including accurate prediction intervals; accuracy assessment of predictions and rationale for the criteria to assess which predictions were epidemiologically useful; mapping after spatial smoothing of the latter predictions. The methodology was applied to a real-world setting, whereby we aimed to predict cancer incidence, by gender, at the district level in France over the 2007–15 period for 24 different cancer sites, using several health care indicators and mortality. In the present paper, the spatial smoothing performed on predicted incidence of epidemiological interest is illustrated for two examples.

Results
Predicted incidence of epidemiological interest was possible for 27/34 solid site-gender combinations and for only 2/8 haematological malignancies-gender combinations. Mapping of smoothed predicted incidence provided a clear picture of the main contrasts in incidence between districts.

Conclusions
The methodology implemented provides a comprehensive framework to produce valuable predictions of incidence at a district level, using proxy measures and existing LR.
Structure-preserving discretization and control of a two-dimensional vibro-acoustic tube
Authors: Liu Ning , Wu Yongxin , Le Gorrec Yann , Ramirez Hector , Lefèvre Laurent 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the structure-preserving discretization and control of a two-dimensional vibro-acoustic tube using the port-Hamiltonian framework. A discretization scheme is proposed, and a set of precise basis functions are given in order to obtain a structure-preserving finite-dimensional port- Hamiltonian approximation of the two-dimensional vibro-acoustic system. Using the closed-loop structural invariants of the approximated system an energy-Casimir controller is derived. The performance of the proposed discretization scheme and the controller is shown by means of numerical simulations.
White Paper: Bridging the gap between human and animal surveillance data, antibiotic policy and stewardship in the hospital sector—practical guidance from the JPIAMR ARCH and COMBACTE-MAGNET EPI-Net networks
Authors: Pezzani Maria Diletta , Carrara Elena , Sibani Marcella , Presterl Elisabeth , Gastmeier Petra , Renk Hanna , Kanj Souha S , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P , Song Le Huu , Leibovici Leonard , Torumkuney Didem , Kostyanev Tomislav , Mendelson Marc , Tacconelli Evelina ,   the ARCH working group
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) are essential pillars in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), but practical guidance on how surveillance data should be linked to AMS activities is lacking. This issue is particularly complex in the hospital setting due to structural heterogeneity of hospital facilities and services. The JPIAMR ARCH and COMBACTE-MAGNET EPI-Net networks have joined efforts to formulate a set of target actions for linking surveillance data with AMS activities.MethodsA scoping review of the literature was carried out addressing research questions on three areas: (i) AMS leadership and accountability; (ii) antimicrobial usage and AMS; (iii) AMR and AMS. Consensus on the target actions was reached through a RAND-modified Delphi process involving over 40 experts in different fields from 18 countries.ResultsEvidence was retrieved from 51 documents. Initially 38 targets were proposed, differentiated as essential or desirable according to clinical relevance, feasibility and applicability to settings and resources. In the first consultation round, preliminary agreement was reached for 32 targets. Following a second consultation, 27 targets were approved, 11 were deleted and 4 were suggested for rephrasing, leading to a final approved list of 34 target actions in the form of a practical checklist.ConclusionsThis White Paper provides a pragmatic and flexible tool to guide the development of calibrated hospital-surveillance-based AMS interventions. The strength of this tool is that it is a comprehensive perspective that takes into account the hospital patient case-mix and the related epidemiology, which ultimately drives antimicrobial usage, and the feasibility in low-resource settings.
Severe Neurological Sequelae after a Recreational Dose of LSD
Authors: Aakerøy Rachel , Brede Wenche Rødseth , Stølen Stian Bergseng , Krabseth Hege-Merete , Michelsen Lisbeth Solem , Andreassen Trine Naalsund , Ader Tiina , Frost Joachim , Slettom Grete , Steihaug Ole Martin , Slørdal Lars 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A young man with an unremarkable medical history suffered a seizure with subsequent cardiorespiratory arrest and severe neurological sequelae after ingesting a blotter. Analysis of a similar blotter and a serum sample obtained 3 h after the event detected lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) at an amount of 300 µg in the blotter and at a concentration of 4.0 ng/mL (12.4 nmol/L) in the serum. No other drugs were present in concentrations which may confer significant effects. In addition, no individual traits which would make the patient particularly susceptible to adverse LSD effects have subsequently been identified. This suggests that LSD may confer toxic effects in previously healthy individuals.
Multi-stemming strategies of Quercus glauca in an evergreen broad-leaved forest: when and where
Authors: Rao Mide , Ye Duo , Chen Jianhua , Ni Jian , Mi Xiangcheng , Yu Mingjian , Ma Keping , Cornelissen Johannes H C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
Multi-stemming supports plants’ resilience to disturbances and then contributes to soil stabilization and forest function, especially in mountain habitats. Many questions remain about (i) the ontogenetic phase at which multiple stems can occur, (ii) how habitat drivers affect multi-stemming and (iii) whether ontogenetic phase and habitat drivers interact. We asked these questions for Quercus glauca (ring-cupped oak), the dominant species and sprouter across large warm-temperate areas of Asia; its multi-stemmed trees reflect individual survival, population regeneration and forest ecosystem stability.

Methods
In a 5-ha permanent plot of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in eastern China, we examined the temporal patterns and spatial distribution of multi-stemmed trees of Q. glauca within 99 quadrats of 20 m × 20 m.

Important Findings
There were three temporal modes for multi-stemming among the Q. glauca trees and most of them appeared to produce multiple stems from an early stage. Environmental disturbances related to slope convexity appear to be the main drivers of multi-stemming of Q. glauca. Moreover, the closer to the ridge, the earlier the multi-stemming occurs. Thus, also for other woody species in other forests and climate zones, ontogeny and environmental drivers promoting disturbance (not only geomorphology, but also extreme weather events, soil drought, fire), as well as soil fertility, need to be considered in combination to better understand multi-stemming and its consequences for community structure.
Gender inequality and female body language in children’s literature
Authors: Čermáková Anna , Mahlberg Michaela 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we aim to situate corpus linguistic approaches to literary texts within the wider context of digital humanities. With an exploratory case study of gendered body language in children’s literature, we illustrate the relationship between quantitative and qualitative analysis. The case study is focused on female body language descriptions and how the presentation of body language has changed over time. We work with two corpora of children’s literature: 19th century and contemporary fiction. Our analysis confirms the substantial imbalance in the representation of female and male characters that has been identified by earlier studies and also shows a more nuanced picture of emerging subtle changes.
E-Cigarette Use and Perceptions Among Veterans Receiving Outpatient Treatment in Veterans Affairs Substance Use and Mental Health Clinics
Authors: Dixit Devika , Herbst Ellen , Das Smita 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Individuals with substance use disorders and/or mental health (MH) conditions have higher rates of cigarette smoking than the general population. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) while gaining popularity pose health risks. Herein we investigate risk perceptions and attitudes toward e-cigarettes in military Veterans with MH conditions.

Materials and Methods
Participants included U.S. Veterans receiving services from Veterans Administration MH/substance use disorder clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area (N = 98; 95% male, 44% White, 34% Black/African American), who completed a survey on smoking and health. Results compare attitudes and perceptions regarding e-cigarette use between ever and never e-cigarette users. The study was reviewed by the Institutional Review Board at both the Veterans Administration and University.

Results
Most respondents reported being current/past cigarette smokers (91%) and over a third reported having ever used an e-cigarette (38%). Most believed that e-cigarettes are not safe, are potentially dangerous, are potentially addictive if they use every day and are tempting and appealing to youth. Fifty-one percent of ever-users agreed with a statement that e-cigarettes can help people quit smoking regular cigarettes completely, and there was a significant difference in this belief when comparing them with never-users (23% agreed); χ2 = 9.259, P = 0.010.

Conclusions
Proportion of e-cigarette use in this Veteran sample is greater than the general population. We observed high risk perception about e-cigarettes among all respondents and differences in perceived helpfulness of e-cigarettes for quitting in ever-users versus never-users in this sample. More consistent assessment of tobacco use among Veterans, with inclusion of ENDS use, would help inform prevention and treatment priorities, especially as information on health impacts of ENDS surfaces.
E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) in an Active Duty Service Member
Authors: Colesar Michael T , McCollum Daniel J 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) is a developing serious pulmonary disease associated with the increasing use of vaping products in both civilian and active duty populations. This case study describes an active duty trainee using unbranded vaping products who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome necessitating intubation and multiday intensive care unit hospitalization. Diffuse ground glass opacities in imaging, lipid-laden macrophages found on bronchoalveolar lavage, negative infectious disease workup, and recent vaping indicate EVALI. This case demonstrates more work needs to be done within the Armed Forces to reduce use of vaping products given the danger of EVALI.