bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of chronic pain in opioid-maintained patients using the capture–recapture method: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Delorme Jessica , Bertin Célian , Delage Noémie , Eschalier Alain , Ardid Denis , Authier Nicolas , Chenaf Chouki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Few studies all based on classical surveys have provided prevalence estimates of chronic pain (CP) in opioid-maintained patients (OMPs) but often had a limited patient sample size and a great variability in the prevalence estimates. This study sought to assess the prevalence of CP in the exhaustive population of OMPs using the capture–recapture method applied to the French nationwide health care database. Capture–recapture methods are increasingly used to estimate the prevalence of chronic conditions but have never been used in the specific context of CP in OMPs. Three large medical-administrative sources were used: the prescription drug database (A-list), the national hospital discharge database (M-list), and the pain center database (C-list). Between 2015 and 2016, 160,429 OMPs aged 15 years and older were identified and age- and sex-matched with 160,429 non-OMPs. All patients treated with analgesic drugs for ≥6 months (A-list) or diagnosed with CP (M- and C-list) were included. Capture–recapture analyses were performed to yield CP estimates with their 95% confidence intervals using log-linear models. In 2015 to 2016, 12,765 OMPs and 2938 non-OMPs with CP were captured. Most patients were male (67%) in OMPs and non-OMPs; median ages for OMPs and non-OMPs were 46 (interquartile range: 38-51) and 48 (41-53) years, respectively. The CP prevalence estimated in OMPs and non-OMPs ranged from 23.6% (14.9-46.2) to 32.1% (28.6-36.3) and from 7.28% (3.98-18.4) to 9.32% (7.42-12.1), respectively. This first study on CP in the exhaustive population of OMPs using the capture–recapture method demonstrated a high prevalence of CP in OMPs, 3- to 4-fold than in the general population.
Spinal caspase-6 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking and dendritic spine plasticity through netrin-1 in postoperative pain after orthopedic surgery for tibial fracture in mice
Authors: Cui Wei , Li Yize , Wang Zhen , Song Chengcheng , Yu Yonghao , Wang Guolin , Li Jing , Wang Chunyan , Zhang Linlin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chronic postoperative pain hinders functional recovery after bone fracture and orthopedic surgery. Recently reported evidence indicates that caspase-6 is important in excitatory synaptic plasticity and pathological pain. Meanwhile, netrin-1 controls postsynaptic recruitment of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and synaptogenesis. The present work aimed to examine whether caspase-6 and netrin-1 contribute to fracture-induced postoperative allodynia. A mouse model of tibial fracture by intramedullary pinning was generated for inducing postoperative pain. Then, paw withdrawal threshold, spinal caspase-6 activity, netrin-1 secretion, AMPAR trafficking, and spine morphology were examined. Caspase-6 inhibition and netrin-1 knockdown by shRNA were performed to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanism of allodynia and its prevention. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording was performed to assess caspase-6's function in spinal AMPAR-induced current. Tibial fractures after orthopedic operation initiated persistent postsurgical mechanical and cold allodynia, accompanied by increased spinal active caspase-6, netrin-1 release, GluA1-containing AMPAR trafficking, spine density, and AMPAR-induced current in dorsal horn neurons. Caspase-6 inhibition reduced fracture-associated allodynia, netrin-1 secretion, and GluA1 trafficking. Netrin-1 deficiency impaired fracture-caused allodynia, postsynaptic GluA1 recruitment, and spine plasticity. The specific GluA2-lacking AMPAR antagonist NASPM also dose dependently prevented postoperative pain. The reduction of fracture-mediated postoperative excitatory synaptic AMPAR current in the dorsal horn by caspase-6 inhibition was compromised by recombinant netrin-1. Exogenous caspase-6 induced pain hypersensitivity, reversing by netrin-1 knockdown or coapplication of NASPM. Thus, spinal caspase-6 modulation of GluA1-containing AMPAR activation and spine morphology through netrin-1 secretion is important in the development of fracture-related postsurgical pain in the mouse.
Opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer: a “real-world,” multicentre, observational study of diagnostic criteria and clinical features
Authors: Davies Andrew , Leach Charlotte , Butler Claire , Gregory Amanda , Henshaw Sarah , Minton Ollie , Shorthose Kate , Batsari Kabir M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in a large cohort of “real-world” patients with cancer; the objectives were to determine the prevalence of OIC, the utility of a simple screening question, the accuracy of the Rome IV diagnostic criteria, the clinical features of OIC (physical and psychological), and the impact of OIC (quality of life). One thousand patients with cancer were enrolled in the study, which involved completion of the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for OIC, the Bowel Function Index, the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life questionnaire, and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale—Short Form. Participants also underwent a thorough clinical assessment by an experienced clinician (ie, “gold-standard” assessment of OIC). Fifty-nine percent of patients were clinically assessed as having OIC, 2.5% as having another cause of constipation, and 19% as not having constipation but were taking regular laxatives. The simple screening question produced a number of false-negative results (19% of patients), whereas the Rome IV diagnostic criteria had an accuracy of 81.9%. Patients with OIC had more symptoms overall, higher Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale—Short Form subscale scores (and total score), and higher Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life questionnaire subscale scores (and the overall score). Opioid-induced constipation was not associated with demographic factors, cancer diagnosis, performance status, or opioid equivalent dosage: OIC was associated with opioid analgesic, with patients receiving tramadol and transdermal buprenorphine having less constipation. The study confirms that OIC is common among patients with cancer pain and is associated with a spectrum of physical symptoms, a range of psychological symptoms, and an overall deterioration in the quality of life.
Is Sitagliptin Effective for Modulating Metabolic Disturbances Associated With Olanzapine in Schizophrenia Patients? A Double-blind Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Moghimi Sarani Ebrahim , Memari Elahe , Anushiravani Amir , Mowla Arash 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose/Background
The mortality rate of patients with schizophrenia due to metabolic disturbances is high. Our aim is to survey the effects of sitagliptin on metabolic disturbances associated with olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods/Procedures
In this 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 71 patients taking olanzapine (10 to 30 mg) for at least 1 month were randomly allocated to enter 1 of the 2 treatment groups (olanzapine plus placebo or olanzapine plus sitagliptin). Sitagliptin was added to patients ‘current medications with the dose of 100 mg/d. Physical examinations and measurement of anthropometric (body mass index and waist circumference) and laboratory parameters (fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride) were measured at baseline, week 4, and week 12. The patients were assessed for any side effects of the medications in each visit.

Findings/Results
Sixty-one patients (30 in the sitagliptin and 31 in the placebo group) completed the trial. The anthropometric measurements at the end of the study did not differ between the 2 groups. glycated hemoglobin and total cholesterol were significantly lower in the sitagliptin group after 12 weeks. Other metabolic profile revealed either no change or minimal magnitude changes. No major side effect was reported.

Implications/Conclusions
Metabolic disturbances associated with olanzapine treatment in patients with schizophrenia can be modulated by sitagliptin.
Recurrence of Mania or Depression Among Adult Bipolar Patients Who Continued Using Lithium
Authors: Kishi Taro , Sakuma Kenji , Okuya Makoto , Matsuda Yuki , Esumi Satoru , Hashimoto Yasuhiko , Hatano Masakazu , Miyake Nobumi , Miura Itaru , Miyahara Kengo , Fujita Kiyoshi , Kawashima Kunihiro , Mishima Kazuo , Iwata Nakao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe exact recurrence rate of bipolar disorder in patients receiving lithium maintenance phase treatment and the modifiers associated with recurrence are still unknown.MethodsWe searched Embase, PubMed, and CENTRAL from inception until April 28, 2020. Outcomes included recurrence rate of any mood episode, depressive episodes, and manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes; all-cause discontinuation rate; and discontinuation rate due to adverse events. A random-effects model, single-group summary meta-analysis was conducted. A meta-regression analysis to examine whether the modifiers (total number of patients, %female, mean age, duration of study, duration of preliminary phase, publication year, bipolar disorder type, mood status at recruitment, presence of a placebo arm, sponsorship, enrichment design, number of treatment arms, and risk of bias for blinding or randomization) were associated with the event rate of the outcomes was also performed.ResultsWe identified 21 randomized trials (n = 1,415; mean study duration, 78.40 ± 32.10 weeks; %female, 54.85%; mean age, 43.47 ± 4.88 years). The event rates (95% confidence interval [CI]) were as follows: recurrence of any mood episode, 39.8% (32.8%, 47.1%); depressive episodes, 25.6% (18.8%, 34.0%); manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes, 18.5% (13.7%, 24.7%); all-cause discontinuation rate, 67.0% (57.2%, 75.5%); and discontinuation rate due to adverse events, 8.7% (5.1%, 14.7%). After adjusting for multiple testing, our meta-regression analysis showed association only between the all-cause discontinuation rate and presence of a placebo arm.ConclusionsThe recurrence rate of depressive episodes seemed to be higher than the recurrence rate of manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes. The all-cause discontinuation rate was high. However, the studies included in our meta-analysis were of short duration.
One-year change in resting heart rate and subsequent risk of hypertension in healthy Chinese adults
Authors: Li Hanlin , Dai Meng , Deng Zhihui , Peng Zhengliang , Huang Xingfu , Bai Yujia , Hou Lina , Ouyang Ping , Zhan Qiong , Zeng Qingchun , Xu Dingli 
Published: July 2020

Background
Changes in baseline resting heart rate (RHR) appear to predict new-onset hypertension (NOH). However, RHR is a dynamic anthropometric parameter; thus, the association between changes in RHR and NOH requires further investigation.

Methods
We studied 10 403 participants who were initially normotensive and who had at least one routine health examination at baseline and 1 year later during 2011–2016. We compared the RHR between the baseline and 1-year follow-up. We defined hypertension as SBP ≥140 mmHg or DBP ≥90 mmHg. Participants were divided into three groups: RHR decreased, RHR unchanged [from 0 to 10 beats per minute (bpm)], and RHR increased ≥10 bpm. Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate relative risk with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between NOH and RHR change.

Results
During a mean follow-up period of 2.42 years, 1173 (11.28%) participants developed hypertension. After adjusting for age, sex, SBP, DBP, RHR and other confounders obtained at baseline, and compared with participants with unchanged RHR, participants with decreased RHR had a 17% decreased risk of NOH (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.83, 95% CI 0.73–0.95), whereas subjects with RHR that increased ≥10 bpm had a 23% increased risk of NOH (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.46).

Conclusion
A 1-year increase in RHR for initially normotensive subjects is an independent risk factor for subsequent hypertension.
Cardiac baroreflex function and vascular reactivity recovery after aerobic exercise in patients with early cirrhosis
Authors: Mira Pedro Augusto de C. , Henrique Diane M.N. , Loschi Renato Q. , Falci Maria F.A. , Guerrero Rosa V.D. , Machado Júnior Thompson B. , Barbosa Kátia V.B.D. , Ribeiro Tarsila C. da R. , Pace Fábio H. de L. , Martinez Daniel G. , Laterza Mateus C. 
Published: July 2020

Objective
To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on the cardiac baroreflex function and vascular reactivity in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods
Thirteen patients with cirrhosis were submitted to exercise and control intervention. At baseline and at 30 and 60 min following intervention, we evaluated cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) and the baroreflex effectiveness index (BEI) using sequence technique. Vascular reactivity was assessed inducing reactive hyperemia before and 60 min after intervention.

Results
At baseline, there was no difference (P interaction = 0.848) between exercise (from 3.0 ± 0.34 to 14.60 ± 1.06 ml/100ml/min) and control sessions (from 2.38 ± 0.10 to 13.73 ± 1.05 ml/100ml/min) regarding the increase in forearm blood flow during reactive hyperemia. However, this response was higher postexercise (from 3.38 ± 0.31 to 16.58 ± 1.58 ml/100ml/min) than postcontrol intervention (from 2.04 ± 0.23 to 11.98 ± 1.16 ml/100ml/min, P interaction < 0.001). BEI increased at 30- and 60-min postexercise (from 32 ± 7 to 42 ± 7 and 46 ± 7%), but not after control intervention (from 33 ± 6 to 31 ± 5 and 33 ± 7%, P interaction = 0.014). In contrast, cBRS decreased at 30-min postexercise (from 10.3 ± 1.9 to 8.2 ± 1.4 and 10.3 ± 2.1 ms/mmHg) and increased postcontrol intervention (from 7.9 ± 0.9 to 10.5 ± 1.5 and 10.3 ± 1.3 ms/mmHg, P interaction = 0.012).

Conclusion
The results suggest that a single bout of aerobic exercise improved cardiac baroreflex function and increased vascular reactivity in patients with early-stage cirrhosis.
Burosumab in X-linked hypophosphatemia and perspective for chronic kidney disease
Authors: Balani Shanthi , Perwad Farzana 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Perturbations in phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis impacts skeletal health in children and adults. Study of inherited and acquired hypophosphatemic syndromes led to the discovery of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) as a potent regulator of phosphate and vitamin D metabolism, and advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of mineral and bone disorder in chronic kidney disease (CKD-MBD). Here, we review a recently approved therapy for patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) using a novel anti-FGF23 antibody, burosumab, and discuss the implications of such targeted therapy in CKD.

Recent findings
In children and adults with XLH, burosumab treatment significantly increased renal tubular phosphate reabsorption and normalized serum phosphorus concentrations. Prolonged treatment with burosumab showed a favorable safety profile, improved healing of rickets in children, and fractures and pseudofractures in adults. FGF23 excess in CKD is independently associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiovascular mortality. Research strategies to lower FGF23 in animal models of CKD are rapidly advancing and a question that remains to be answered is whether FGF23 blockade will offer a new targeted intervention for disordered mineral metabolism in CKD.

Summary
Findings from recently concluded clinical trials in adults and children with XLH provide evidence for improved skeletal health with burosumab therapy with normalization of phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. Targeted anti-FGF23 antibody treatment of XLH has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat an inherited disorder of FGF23 excess.
Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: evaluation of minimal invasive exit strategies after percutaneous stone treatment
Authors: Veser Julian , Fajkovic Harun , Seitz Christian 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
To provide an updated overview of different exit strategies for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in times of miniaturization and minimal invasive surgery.

Recent findings
The majority of the reported studies concluded that a tubeless procedure is associated with less patient discomfort and a shorter hospital stay compared to the standard PCNL. Additionally, no significant difference in the complication rate was observed, including postoperative fever, hematocrit decrease, stone-free rate, and urine extravasation.

Summary
Underlined by recent literature tubeless PCNL is a well tolerated and effective treatment. Nevertheless the decision whether or not to place a nephrostomy tube after PCNL is still depending on the clinical judgment and experience of the surgeon.
An up-to-date catalogue of urinary markers for the management of prostate cancer
Authors: Brönimann Stephan , Pradere Benjamin , Karakiewicz Pierre , Huebner Nicolai A. , Briganti Alberto , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. Poor specificity and sensitivity of total PSA often results in over and sometimes underdetection/treatment. Therefore, more specific and sensitive biomarkers for the detection and monitoring especially of clinically significant PCa as well as treatment-specific markers are much sought after. In this field, urine has emerged as a promising noninvasive source of biomarkers.

Recent findings
RNA-based biomarkers are the most extensively studied type of urinary nucleic acids. ERG-Score/MiPS (Mi-Prostate Score) and SelectMDx might be considered as additional parameters together with clinical and imaging modalities to decrease unnecessary biopsies. miR Sentinel Tests could make it possible to accurately detect the presence of cancer and to distinguish low-grade from high-grade disease. In men with previous negative biopsies, PCA3 may suggest the need to repeat biopsy.

Summary
The definitive role of these markers and their clinical benefit needs future validation.
In-vitro protoscolicidal and immunomodulatory effects of Cinnamomum camphora and Ziziphora tenuior against Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices
Authors: Kanaan Manal H.G. , Anah Sadiya A. , Jasim Ghaith Ali , Ghasemian Abdolmajid 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Owing to side effects, drug resistance and recurrence of Echinococcus granulosus infestation following conventional therapies, seeking novel therapeutic approaches such as herbal medicines seems necessary. The aim of this study was assessment the antiparasitic and immunomodulatory effects of Cinnamomum camphora and Ziziphora tenuior herbal medicines against E. granulosus protoscolices.

Methods:
Various concentrations of extracts were prepared including 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/ml. BALB/c mice liver samples were obtained from slaughter house and the protoscolices were taken under sterile conditions. Mouse CD11c + CD11c + dendritic cells were purified from other mononuclear cells and confirmed by flow cytometry.

Results:

C. camphora and Z. tenuior exhibited dose-dependent and time-dependent antiparasitic effects against E. granulosus protoscolices. Notably, the effect of C. camphora was higher than Z. tenuior. The 5 mg/ml of C. camphora and 25 mg/ml of Z. tenuior killed 100% of protoscolices during 10 min. Extracts had insignificant macrophage cytotoxicity in MTT assay. Z. tenuior at 10 and 50 mg/ml decreased CD86 (P = 0.212) and MHC II (P = 0.0711) markers, but increased CD40 (P = 0.181) and at 100 mg/ml increased CD40 (P = 0.002), CD86 (P = 0.091) and MHC II (P = 0.113). Furthermore, C. camphora at 10 and 50 mg/ml increased CD40 (P = 0.0311) and MHC II (P = 0.0184) significantly. At these concentrations, decreased CD86 nonsignificantly, but at 100 mg/ml decreased all markers significantly (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

C. camphora and Z. tenuior herbal medicines exerted substantial antiparasitic effects against hydatid cyst protoscolices. Future formulations of these herbal medicines will be promising because of low side effects and potential effects.
Adolescents’ Awareness of and Attitudes Toward Expedited Partner Therapy Provided in the Emergency Department
Authors: Pickett Michelle L. , Hoehn Erin F. , Visotcky Alexis M. , Norman Brandy , Drendel Amy L. 
Published: July 2020

Background
Adolescents and young adults account for half of the 20 million new cases of sexually transmitted infections each year. Expedited partner therapy (EPT) has been shown to decrease reinfection rates and is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We aimed to (1) assess adolescents’ awareness of EPT, (2) assess their likelihood of giving EPT received in the pediatric emergency department (PED) to their partner(s), and (3) identify factors associated with increased likelihood of giving EPT to their partner(s).

Methods
Adolescents and young adults aged 14 to 22 years seeking care in 2 PEDs participated in a survey. Main outcomes were EPT awareness and likelihood of giving EPT to his/her partner(s). Patients were dichotomized into likely and not likely to provide partner(s) with EPT based on answers to a 5-point Likert scale question. χ2 and t tests were used to analyze the data.

Results
Three hundred ninety-three participants were included. Only 11% (n = 42) were aware of EPT; however, 80% (n = 316) reported to be likely to give EPT received in the PED to his/her partner(s). Study site, being sexually active, and engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors were associated with an increased likelihood of giving EPT to their partner(s) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Many adolescents are not aware of EPT; however, most were theoretically likely to give EPT received in the PED to his/her partner(s). With increasing rates of sexually transmitted infections and high utilization of the PED for adolescent reproductive health services, efforts to incorporate the use of EPT in PED workflows would be beneficial.
Rehabilitation Therapy for a COVID-19 Patient Who Received Mechanical Ventilation in Japan
Authors: Saeki Takuya , Ogawa Fumihiro , Chiba Ryosuke , Nonogaki Manabu , Uesugi Jo , Takeuchi Ichiro , Nakamura Takeshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A 65-yr-old man visited a primary care hospital with a continued fever of 38°C for 3 days. As his fever did not improve until 8 days after, he was admitted into another acute care hospital, where his respiratory condition rapidly worsened. Therefore, the patient was transferred to our hospital. On the day of transfer (day 1), he was started on mechanical ventilation. COVID-19 was diagnosed using a polymerase chain reaction assay 6 days after admission (day 6). The rehabilitation therapy was begun on day 6. The initial rehabilitation programs focused on positioning and postural drainage. The patient was extubated on day 19, and he began standing and stepping on the same day. Gait exercises began on day 22, and endurance training was initiated on day 28. The patient was discharged from our hospital on day 34 as he met the physical function milestones. One month after discharge, the Medical Research Council sum score and Barthel Index had each improved; therefore, muscle strength and daily activities had returned to normal. It was assumed that mobilization should be performed as soon as possible after the end of sedation during the acute phase of severe COVID-19 infection in patients receiving mechanical ventilation.