bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health and Obesity in Brazilian elders: A longitudinal study
Authors: Tôrres Luísa Helena do Nascimento , De Marchi Renato José , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , Hugo Fernando Neves , Ismail Amid Ibrahim , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira , Sousa Maria da Luz Rosário de 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesObesity is an important risk factor for chronic diseases and can also result in greater mortality. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate whether poor oral health acts as a risk factor for obesity as indicated by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).MethodsWe included in this analysis all participants who volunteered in a cohort study entitled ‘Carlos Barbosa Cohort Study—CBCS’ in the city of Carlos Barbosa, Southern Brazil. The interview questionnaire comprised socio‐demographic information, behavioural questions and medical history. Oral examinations and anthropometric assessments were carried out. The outcome was obesity measured by both BMI (≥30 kg/m2) and WC (>0.80 for women and >0.94 for men). Variables were collected longitudinally. Those associated with the outcome and epidemiologically relevant to the conceptual framework participated in the analysis and were adjusted for socio‐demographic, behavioural, general and oral health conditions.ResultsSix hundred and thirty‐three independently living elders participated. The baseline mean age was 67.5 ± 6.1 years. Individuals who never visited a dentist (OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.25‐7.26) as well as participants who needed a dental prosthesis in the lower arch (OR = 4.38, 95% CI: 1.34‐14.32) were more likely to be obese, through BMI and WC measures, respectively. Edentulous participants with complete dentures in both arches (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06‐0.84) and those who perceived their oral health as unsatisfactory (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19‐0.88) had a lower likelihood of being obese, according to BMI and WC measures.ConclusionsOlder persons with poor oral health may be at risk for general and central obesity, a relationship that may have important clinical implications.
Attachment‐facilitating interactions in non‐kin foster families
Authors: Molano Nuria , León Esperanza , Jiménez‐Morago Jesús M. , Román Maite , Murillo Cristina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aims to analyse the interaction between children in foster care and their main caregivers during a microcoded co‐construction task, focusing on the verbal and non‐verbal behaviours that the adults use to promote a secure attachment in the child. It also examines how children and caregivers' socio‐demographic variables relate to the interaction. The sample is made up of 28 Spanish children between 4 and 9 years old in long‐term non‐kin foster care and their foster families. The building task was administered to 28 dyads, composed of the child and the main caregiver in each family. Our results showed that the caregivers' use of attachment‐facilitating behaviours was frequent during the interaction. Moreover, children tended to display a positive attitude when adults used these attachment‐facilitating behaviours. We also found some differences in the interaction according to the caregivers and children's age, the child's gender and the caregivers' satisfaction with the child's development. These results offer us a better understanding of the functioning of the adult–child relationships in foster families, which helps us make more efficient interventions to improve the caregivers' sensitivity towards the children's needs and difficulties.
Fabricable Unobtrusive 3D‐QR‐Codes with Directional Light
Authors: Peng Hao , Liu Peiqing , Lu Lin , Sharf Andrei , Liu Lin , Lischinski Dani , Chen Baoquan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQR code is a 2D matrix barcode widely used for product tracking, identification, document management and general marketing. Recently, there have been various attempts to utilize QR codes in 3D manufacturing by carving QR codes on the surface of the printed 3D shape. Nevertheless, significant shape editing and modulation may be required to allow readability of the embedded 3D‐QR‐codes with good decoding accuracy. In this paper, we introduce a novel QR code 3D fabrication framework aimed at unobtrusive embedding of 3D‐QR‐codes in the shape hence introducing minimal shape modulation. Essentially, our method computes bi‐directional carvings in the 3D shape surface to obtain the black‐and‐white QR pattern. By using a directional light source, the black‐and‐white QR pattern emerges as lighted and shadow casted blocks on the shape respectively. To account for minimal modulation and elusiveness, we optimize the QR code carving w.r.t. shape geometry, visual disparity and light source position. Our technique employs a simulation of lighting phenomena through carved modules on the shape to ensure adequate contrast of the printed 3D‐QR‐code.
A Simple Discretization of the Vector Dirichlet Energy
Authors: Stein Oded , Wardetzky Max , Jacobson Alec , Grinspun Eitan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a simple and concise discretization of the covariant derivative vector Dirichlet energy for triangle meshes in 3D using Crouzeix‐Raviart finite elements. The discretization is based on linear discontinuous Galerkin elements, and is simple to implement, without compromising on quality: there are two degrees of freedom for each mesh edge, and the sparse Dirichlet energy matrix can be constructed in a single pass over all triangles using a short formula that only depends on the edge lengths, reminiscent of the scalar cotangent Laplacian. Our vector Dirichlet energy discretization can be used in a variety of applications, such as the calculation of Killing fields, parallel transport of vectors, and smooth vector field design. Experiments suggest convergence and suitability for applications similar to other discretizations of the vector Dirichlet energy.
Interactive Sculpting of Digital Faces Using an Anatomical Modeling Paradigm
Authors: Gruber A. , Fratarcangeli M. , Zoss G. , Cattaneo R. , Beeler T. , Gross M. , Bradley D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDigitally sculpting 3D human faces is a very challenging task. It typically requires either 1) highly‐skilled artists using complex software packages for high quality results, or 2) highly‐constrained simple interfaces for consumer‐level avatar creation, such as in game engines. We propose a novel interactive method for the creation of digital faces that is simple and intuitive to use, even for novice users, while consistently producing plausible 3D face geometry, and allowing editing freedom beyond traditional video game avatar creation. At the core of our system lies a specialized anatomical local face model (ALM), which is constructed from a dataset of several hundred 3D face scans. User edits are propagated to constraints for an optimization of our data‐driven ALM model, ensuring the resulting face remains plausible even for simple edits like clicking and dragging surface points. We show how several natural interaction methods can be implemented in our framework, including direct control of the surface, indirect control of semantic features like age, ethnicity, gender, and BMI, as well as indirect control through manipulating the underlying bony structures. The result is a simple new method for creating digital human faces, for artists and novice users alike. Our method is attractive for low‐budget VFX and animation productions, and our anatomical modeling paradigm can complement traditional game engine avatar design packages.
Nonlinear Deformation Synthesis via Sparse Principal Geodesic Analysis
Authors: Sassen Josua , Hildebrandt Klaus , Rumpf Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces the construction of a low‐dimensional nonlinear space capturing the variability of a non‐rigid shape from a data set of example poses. The core of the approach is a Sparse Principal Geodesic Analysis (SPGA) on the Riemannian manifold of discrete shells, in which a pose of a non‐rigid shape is a point. The SPGA is invariant to rigid body motions of the poses and supports large deformation. Since the Riemannian metric measures the membrane and bending distortions of the shells, the sparsity term forces the modes to describe largely decoupled and localized deformations. This property facilitates the analysis of articulated shapes. The modes often represent characteristic articulations of the shape and usually come with a decomposing of the spanned subspace into low‐dimensional widely decoupled subspaces. For example, for human models, one expects distinct, localized modes for the bending of elbow or knee whereas some more modes are required to represent shoulder articulation. The decoupling property can be used to construct useful starting points for the computation of the nonlinear deformations via a superposition of shape submanifolds resulting from the decoupling. In a preprocessing stage, samples of the individual subspaces are computed, and, in an online phase, these are interpolated multilinearly. This accelerates the construction of nonlinear deformations and makes the method applicable for interactive applications. The method is compared to alternative approaches and the benefits are demonstrated on different kinds of input data.
Data Assimilation for Full 4D PC‐MRI Measurements: Physics‐Based Denoising and Interpolation
Authors: de Hoon N. H. L. C. , Jalba A.C. , Farag E.S. , van Ooij P. , Nederveen A.J. , Eisemann E. , Vilanova A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhase‐Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PC‐MRI) surpasses all other imaging methods in quality and completeness for measuring time‐varying volumetric blood flows and has shown potential to improve both diagnosis and risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases. However, like any measurement of physical phenomena, the data are prone to noise, artefacts and has a limited resolution. Therefore, PC‐MRI data itself do not fulfil physics fluid laws making it difficult to distinguish important flow features. For data analysis, physically plausible and high‐resolution data are required. Computational fluid dynamics provides high‐resolution physically plausible flows. However, the flow is inherently coupled to the underlying anatomy and boundary conditions, which are difficult or sometimes even impossible to adequately model with current techniques. We present a novel methodology using data assimilation techniques for PC‐MRI noise and artefact removal, generating physically plausible flow close to the measured data. It also allows us to increase the spatial and temporal resolution. To avoid sensitivity to the anatomical model, we consider and update the full 3D velocity field. We demonstrate our approach using phantom data with various amounts of induced noise and show that we can improve the data while preserving important flow features, without the need of a highly detailed model of the anatomy.
Validity of fractal analysis of implants in individuals with healthy and diseased peri‐implant mucosa
Authors: Lang Melissa S. , Miyamoto Takanari , Nunn Martha E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether fractal analysis could discriminate the peri‐implant trabecular bone between individuals with healthy peri‐implant mucosa and peri‐implant disease using digital periapical radiographs.Material and MethodsThe electronic health records of patients with a dental implant were reviewed to determine their eligibility. One hundred four patients (aged 27–89 years) were included and divided into three groups. Group 1) Individuals with healthy peri‐implant mucosa; Group 2) Individuals with peri‐implant mucositis; or Group 3) Individuals with peri‐implantitis. The following clinical measurements for each dental implant were extracted: probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and the presence or absence of bleeding on probing (BOP). Digital periapical images of the implant were used to calculate the fractal dimension (FD) for each implant at two regions of interest (ROI). Summary statistics were calculated for mean PD, mean CAL, mean percent BOP, and mean FD by group. Differences among groups were tested using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Spearman nonparametric correlations were tabulated for mean PD, mean CAL, mean percent BOP, and mean FD.ResultsThe only measure that did not demonstrate significant differences among groups was FD (p = .559) with all other measures demonstrating a significant difference (p < .001).ConclusionsBased on this study, FD of the peri‐implant bone calculated from a periapical radiograph does not appear to be a valid method to distinguish between healthy and diseased implants, while clinical measures of PD, CAL, and BOP are useful for the diagnosis of peri‐implant health, peri‐implant mucositis, and peri‐implantitis.
Nuclear receptor coactivator 6 promotes HTR‐8/SVneo cell invasion and migration by activating NF‐κB‐mediated MMP9 transcription
Authors: Wu Liang , Zhao Kun‐qing , Wang Wei , Cui Li‐na , Hu Lin‐li , Jiang Xiang‐xiang , Shuai Jun , Sun Ying‐pu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesNCOA6 is a transcription coactivator; its deletion in mice results in growth retardation and lethality between 8.5 and 12.5 dpc with defects in the placenta. However, the transcription factor(s) and the mechanism(s) involved in the function of NCOA6 in placentation have not been elucidated. Here, the roles of NCOA6 in human cytotrophoblast invasion and migration were studied.Materials and MethodsHuman placenta tissues were collected from normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by early‐onset severe preeclampsia (sPE). Immunofluorescence, RT‐qPCR and Western blotting were used to determine NCOA6 expression. Transwell invasion/migration assays were performed to explore whether NCOA6 knockdown affected human placenta‐derived HTR‐8/SVneo cell invasion/migration. Gelatin zymography was performed to examine the change in the gelatinolytic activities of secreted MMP2 and MMP9. Luciferase reporter assays were used to explore whether NCOA6 coactivated NF‐κB‐mediated MMP9 transcription.ResultsNCOA6 is mainly expressed in the human placental trophoblast column, as well as in the EVTs. HTR‐8/SVneo cell invasion and migration were significantly attenuated after NCOA6 knockdown, and the secretion of MMP9 was decreased due to transcriptional suppression. NCOA6 was further found to coactivate NF‐κB‐mediated MMP9 transcription. Moreover, expression of NCOA6 was impaired in placentas of patients complicated by early‐onset sPE.ConclusionsThus, we demonstrated that NCOA6 is important for cytotrophoblast invasion/migration, at least partially, by activating NF‐κB‐mediated MMP9 transcription; the downregulation of NCOA6 may contribute to the pathogenesis of early‐onset sPE.
Computed tomography‐based spiculated sign for prediction of malignancy in lung nodules: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Tao , Fu Yu‐Fei , Shi Yi‐Bing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT)‐based spiculated sign is a risk factor for malignancy in patients with lung nodules (LNs). The present meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of CT‐based spiculated sign as a means of differentiating between malignant and benign LNs.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase were reviewed from January 2000 to March 2020 for eligible studies. Stata v12.0 was used to conduct this meta‐analysis.ResultsWe identified 19 retrospective studies for inclusion in this meta‐analysis. These studies compiled data pertaining to 8549 LNs (5547 malignant and 3003 benign). Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) were 0.51 (95% CI: 0.36‐0.65), 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74‐0.91), 3.15 (95% CI: 2.34‐4.23), 0.59 (95% CI: 0.47‐0.73) and 5.36 (95% CI: 3.93‐7.31), respectively. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.76. Significant heterogeneity was detected among these studies with respect to sensitivity (I2 = 98.4%, P = .00), specificity (I2 = 95.8%, P = .00), PLR (I2 = 78.9%, P = .00), NLR (I2 = 99.3%, P = .00) and DOR (I2 = 100%, P = .00). A meta‐regression analysis revealed that the country in which a study was conducted (China vs Not China) had a strong influence on reported sensitivity and specificity. No significant publication bias was detected via Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test (P = .191).ConclusionsCT‐based spiculated sign can achieve moderate diagnostic performance as a means of differentiating between malignant and benign LNs.
Body image in COPD and its relation with physical activity levels, lung function and body composition: An observational study
Authors: Freire Ana Paula Coelho Figueira , Ferreira Aline Duarte , Santos Caroline Pereira , Araújo Isabela Cristina Duarte , Uzeloto Juliana Souza , Silva Bruna Spolador de Alencar , Ramos Dionei , Ramos Ercy Mara Cipulo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionBody image has been previously defined as the mental figure we have of the contours and shape of our body; and the feelings concerning these characteristics. A change in body perception can influence one’s feelings of self‐worth and compromise functional abilities. Thus, the detection of distortions in body image could be important data for clinical evaluation of subjects with COPD.ObjectivesTo assess the body image perception of subjects with COPD. Also, to investigate the association between body image and levels of physical activity in these subjects.Materials and Methods109 subjects were recruited and divided into the COPD group and control subjects without any pulmonary conditions. For this cross‐sectional study, we performed an initial evaluation and participants were evaluated regarding physical activity level, body image (silhouette scale) and determination of body mass index (BMI). Finally, we performed the evaluation of lung function (spirometry) and body composition analysis (bioelectrical impedance).ResultsBothCOPD and control subjects presented alterations in body image. Both groups desired significantly lower BMI and weight measures, according to the silhouette scale, demonstrating body dissatisfaction (P < .05). No differences in the level body dissatisfaction were found between Control and COPD groups (P > .05). No associations between physical activity levels and body image were observed (P > .05; r = −0.24 to 0.14).ConclusionIn conclusion, patients with COPD present significant body dissatisfaction, similar to control individuals. Furthermore, body image perception in COPD is related to body composition measurements but not to physical activity levels.
Characterisation of presentations to a community‐based specialist addiction neuropsychology service: Cognitive profiles, diagnoses and comorbidities
Authors: Gooden James R. , Cox Catherine A. , Petersen Vanessa , Curtis Ashlee , Manning Victoria , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsCognitive impairment is a common feature of individuals with substance‐use disorders. However, research tends to exclude highly complex clinical cases, limiting the generalisability of findings for ‘real‐world' populations. The objective of this study was to examine the complexities associated with addiction, substance use and cognitive impairment through the characterisation of client presentations to a newly established specialised addiction neuropsychology service.Design and MethodsRetrospective case file audit. Neuropsychological assessment reports for consenting clients over a 4‐year period were de‐identified and reviewed. Cognitive domains assessed included attention, processing speed, working memory, intellectual functioning, memory and executive functioning.ResultsOf the 200 case files examined, the majority were male clients, with 11 years or lower of education and a history of daily substance use, with 30% continuing to use daily. Seventy‐one percent had a formal mental health diagnosis and 41% had reported a history of trauma. The most prevalent cognitive impairments were observed in complex attention (50%) and memory (40%). New diagnoses were conveyed in 25% of cases, comprising acquired brain injury (16%) and neurodevelopmental disabilities (9%).Discussion and ConclusionsIt is common for clients with substance use histories referred to an addiction neuropsychology service to present with complex histories including psychosocial difficulties, comorbid mental health and medical issues and cognitive impairment. As such, careful diagnostic formulations are required when multiple factors may contribute to cognitive deficits. This study highlights the importance of a state‐wide specialist addiction neuropsychology service in supporting diagnostic clarification and informing relevant treatment approaches.
Disentangling the relative roles of climate and land cover change in driving the long‐term population trends of European migratory birds
Authors: Howard Christine , Stephens Philip A. , Pearce‐Higgins James W. , Gregory Richard D. , Butchart Stuart H.M. , Willis Stephen G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimGlobal declines in the populations of migratory species have been attributed largely to climate change and anthropogenic habitat change. However, the relative contribution of these factors on species’ breeding and non‐breeding ranges is unclear. Here, we present the first large‐scale assessment of the relative importance of climatic conditions and land cover on both the breeding and non‐breeding grounds in driving the long‐term population trends of migratory species.LocationEurope and Africa.MethodsWe use data on the long‐term population trends of 61 short‐ and 39 long‐distance migratory species of European breeding birds. We analyse these population trends in relation to changes in climate and land cover across species’ breeding and non‐breeding ranges over a 36‐year period, along with species’ migratory behaviour.ResultsThe population trends of European migratory birds appear to be more closely related to changes in climate than changes in land cover on their breeding grounds, but the converse is true on their non‐breeding grounds. While improvements in climate suitability across the breeding ranges of short‐distance migrants led to increasing population trends, the same was not true for long‐distance migrants. The combined effects of changes in climate and land cover account for approximately 40% of the variation in migratory species’ population trends, suggesting that factors other than climate and land cover as we have measured them, such as habitat quality, also affect the population trends of migrant birds.Main ConclusionsOver recent decades, population trends of most migrant species are most strongly related to climatic conditions on the breeding grounds but land cover change on the non‐breeding grounds. This suggests that management to stem the declines of migrant birds requires an integrated approach that considers all processes affecting migrant birds across their dynamic distributions throughout the year.