bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edible Quality and Safety Evaluation of Zanthoxylum from Western China
Authors: Ke Jingxuan , Qu Yuan , Shen Guanghui , Li Shanshan , Pu Biao , Ye Meng , Zhang Zhiqing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to investigate the edible safety of Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum), the contents of four inorganic contaminants (lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic) and two pesticide residues (permethrin and cypermethrin) in seventeen prickly ash samples were detected, which gathered from the main plant region of Western China. In addition, potential risks due to the contaminants which exposure to it had been evaluated. Eestimated daily intakes (EDIs) and hazard quotient (HQ) of the contaminants were analyzed too. The data showed that EDIs of inorganic contaminants were lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI), and their HQ values, ranging from 2.65% (As) to 19.05% (Pb), were considerably <1. In addition, HQ values for permethrin and cypermethrin were determined to be 1.83% and 2.09%, respectively. These findings demonstrated a high level of edible quality and safety of Zanthoxylum from western China.
A Analysis of Attack and Defense Mobile Ad Hoc Network Based on OPNET
Authors: Dai Jiahao , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Due to the broadcast nature of wireless communications, the damage to mobile ad hoc networks is becoming more and more common. We propose a network stability model that can effectively reflect the network performance when the network is damaged in real time. The Ad Hoc network model is built by using the node model supporting the IEEE802.11 standard provided by OPNET software to simulate the network performance of the network under different degrees of damage. This model provides an effective way for the simulation analysis of network performance under the condition of Ad Hoc network damage.
Development of Solar-Panel Monitoring Method Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Thermal Infrared Sensor
Authors: Lee Dongho , Park Jonghwa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Interest in solar energy, which is clean energy, is growing due to continuously high oil prices because of the unstable situation in the Middle East and the explosion of the Fukushima nuclear-power plant in Japan. South Korea has made various efforts to develop renewable energy, and facilities using solar energy are rapidly growing. Periodic inspection of solar panels is very important for the effective management of photovoltaic (PV) modules. In this study, a method to monitor and diagnose faulty solar modules through an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based thermal infrared camera and GIS spatial analysis is discussed. First, the image of the PV module was taken by installing an RGB camera and thermal infrared camera on the rotor blade of the UAV. The images were generated by using Pix4D SW, and the normal operation of the PV module was diagnosed using the orthoimage. In particular, thermal infrared cameras are very sensitive to reaction speed, unlike optical sensors, so it is very important to find appropriate monitoring methods, such as shooting speed. Therefore, we suggest a way to utilize an optical sensor and thermal infrared sensor together through various attempts. In the images, GIS spatial analysis was used to extract abnormal heat or faulty modules. Using the Virtual Reference Service (VRS) survey method, UAV images could be 3D-mapped with a very precise temperature, within 2 cm in x, y, and z direction errors. The rapid development of PV powergeneration facilities and of monitoring technologies is a very important factor for improving energy efficiency. The result of this study is providing a stable solar-panel-monitoring technology by comparing features of ground observation and UAV-based thermal infrared sensor observation. The developed monitoring technology was able to accurately analyze the failure point and temperature of the PV module.
PECVD SiO2/Si3N4 Double-layer Electrets for Application in Micro-devices
Authors: Wang Shumin , Zhang Yapin , Liu Jin , Zou Xudong , Zhang Jinwen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the influence of different environmental conditions, substrates, micromachining processes, areas and patternings on the performances of PECVD SiO2/Si3N4 double-layer electrets were studied for its application in micro-devices. Various samples were prepared and then charged by the negatively corona charging method. The charge decays at either 250°C or 95%RH were observed to reveal the chargeability and charge stability. Finally, a micro power generator with patterned PECVD SiO2/Si3N4 double-layer electret was presented briefly as demonstration. The results show that all these conditions that conventionally or even unavoidably happen in the fabrication process of electret micro-devices had more or less impact on the electret performance. It is crucial that the electret should be as large area as possible and kept from the micromachining processes and humid condition to the best. Our micro power generator with 2mm rectangular array of PECVD SiO2/Si3N4 double-layer electret had the 5μW output power at 20Hz and 0.7g.
Integrated Software Development Methodology for Real-time Precise Control of UAV
Authors: Park Jung Kyu , Park Eun Young , Jeon Heung Seok 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recently, drones have been widely used in education and industry. In this paper, we propose a navigation and control algorithm to develop unmanned drones quickly. To limit the proposed framework, we analysed the existing drone solution and simulation framework. We also used Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation for rapid development. HIL will simulate physical systems that interface with embedded control equipment on real-time hardware. The code generated in this process can be experimented on a hardware device so that the control performance of the drones can be verified without draining the drones in the outdoor environment. Using the proposed method, you save time and money on drone development while providing stability.
A Miniature Study of Directional Couplers, Each with a Different Central Frequency
Authors: Huu Tan Pham , Khac Khiem Nguyen , Quang Hung Luu , Knyazev Nikolay S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A study to determine how the operating frequency of the device during miniaturization depends on its efficiency and the safety of the original characteristics. It was found that the miniaturization efficiency decreases with increasing frequency. Thus, the design of compact couplers for Central frequencies from 1000 to 3000 MHz with a step of 500 MHz was studied. In this case, the dimensions in relation to the standard design were reduced by 78.8, 62.5, 46.7, 39 and 30%, respectively.
Roller Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and Targeting Feature Selection
Authors: chen Xiaoyue , Ge Dang , Liu Xiong , Liu Mengchao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
At present, the feature extraction of frequency signal based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) has been widely studied and applied in fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. However, there are still some shortcomings in fault diagnosis based on EMD. Therefore, a fault diagnosis method based on the combination of EMD and target feature selection (TFS) is proposed in this paper. The method firstly analyzes the fault signal through EMD and extracts the fault features. Then, it removes the redundant features and optimizes the feature subsets by using TFS. TFS selects the most effective feature for each target sample space through filtering evaluation criteria and heuristic search strategy, thereby effectively improving the accuracy and efficiency of fault diagnosis.
Design and Research of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Direct Drive Hub Motor
Authors: Liu Zhong-Shu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The permanent magnet brushless DC motor has many advantages such as simple structure, high power density, small volume, good mechanical properties and high efficiency, so it is very suitable for electric vehicle. However, the traditional brushless DC motor has the disadvantages of flux weakening speed regulating difficulty and torque ripple. According to the characteristic of permanent magnet motor, so a kind of special structure brushless DC hub motor with outer rotor was designed in this paper. The structure of interlaced arrangement of permanent magnet and non-salient pole of the outer rotor greatly increased the average inductance of the stator winding, so as the range of flux weakening speed regulating increased greatly as well. At the same time, large chute in stator core and fractional stator winding reduced torque ripple of the motor. The simulation model was established by using Ansys Maxwell software and the magnetic field was calculated and analyzed. It turned out that the magnetic field was rational and the optimum designed motor had less flux leakage. Simulation and test results showed that stator performance indicators of the prototype could meet the requirements of electric vehicle fully. So it has great value of generalization in practical application.
Design and Testing of a New Vascular Stent with Enhanced Fatigue Life
Authors: Ho Kuang-Lei , Hung Ming-Ya , Chen Jiong-Hong , Jian Yu-Min , Hsiao Hao-Ming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Vascular stents could suffer from repetitive motions due to pulsatile blood pressure and daily activities. Stent fatigue resistance has thus become a critical issue for stent design. In this paper, an intriguing stent design concept aimed at enhancing the fatigue life was investigated. The concept was to re-distribute stresses more uniformly by tapering the stent strut width. Finite element models were developed to evaluate the mechanical integrity and fatigue safety factor of the stent under various loading conditions. Simulation results show that the fatigue safety factor of this novel stent design increased by 4 times that of a conventional stent. Conceptual stent prototypes were cut by a pulsed-fiber laser, followed by a series of expansions and heat treatments to gradually shape the stent to its target size. A rotating bending fatigue tester was built for this study and stent fatigue tests were conducted for proof of concept. Experimental results show that this stent design concept successfully enhanced the fatigue life as designed. Its fatigue cycle number jumped to 6∼7 times that of a conventional stent, which agreed well with the trend predicted by FEA simulations. The findings of this paper provide an excellent guide to greatly improve stent fatigue life.
The Invention of Cam-Linkage Grinding Device with Double-Circle Grinding Traces
Authors: Chen Tzu-Hsia , Hsieh Long-Chang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The double-circle grinding traces has 0% velocity deviation percentage (Vdp
=0%), which is the optimum polishing trace. This paper focuses on the invention of cam-linkage grinding devices with double-circle grinding traces. First, based on the modified Yan’s creative design methodology, 1st cam-linkage grinding device is synthesized. Then, according to Osborn’s Checklist Method, 2nd cam-linkage grinding device is synthesized. These two cam-linkage grinding devices can be designed to have optimum polishing traces and 0% velocity deviation percentage (Vdp
=0%). This paper provides a new creative design methodology for creating some or all possible design concepts that have the different topological characteristics as existing designs, e.g. with the different degrees of freedom. It can be said to create some or all possible design concepts from nothing (no existing design). The results of this paper can be used as the teaching material of innovative design course.
Micropattern-mediated apical guidance accelerates epithelial cell migration to improve healing around percutaneous gastrostomy tubes
Authors: D’Ovidio Tyler J , Friederich Aidan R W , de Herrera Nic , Davis-Hall Duncan , Mann Ethan E , Magin Chelsea M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hypergranulation, bacterial infection, and device dislodgment are common complications associated with percutaneous gastronomy (PG) tube placement for enteral feeding largely attributable to delayed stoma tract maturation around the device. Stoma tract maturation is a wound-healing process that requires collective and complete migration of an advancing epithelial layer. While it is widely accepted that micropatterned surfaces enhance cell migration when cells are cultured directly on the substrate, few studies have investigated the influence of apical contact guidance from micropatterned surfaces on cell migration, as occurs during stoma tract formation. Here, we developed 2D and 3D in vitro epithelial cell migration assays to test the effect of various Sharklet micropatterns on apically-guided cell migration. The 2D modified scratch wound assay identified a Sharklet micropattern (+10SK50×50) that enhanced apical cell migration by 4-fold (p = 0.0105) compared to smooth controls over the course of seven days. The best-performing micropattern was then applied to cylindrical prototypes with the same outer diameter as a pediatric PG tube. These prototypes were evaluated in the novel 3D migration assay where magnetic levitation aggregated cells around prototypes to create an artificial stoma. Results indicated a 50% increase (p < 0.0001) in cell migration after seven days along Sharklet-micropatterned prototypes compared to smooth controls. The Sharklet micropattern enhanced apically-guided epithelial cell migration in both 2D and 3D in vitro assays. These data suggest that the incorporation of a Sharklet micropattern onto the surface of a PG tube may accelerate cell migration via apical contact, improve stoma tract maturation, and reduce skin-associated complications.
Regional characteristics of flash droughts across the United States
Authors: Christian Jordan I , Basara Jeffrey B , Otkin Jason A , Hunt Eric D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rapid intensification toward drought, also known as flash drought, is a subseasonal feature of the climate system whereby the persistence of extreme atmospheric anomalies for several weeks can quickly deplete soil moisture and dramatically increase evaporative stress on the environment. These events can lead to significant impacts on agricultural production during the growing season. This study performs a climatological regional analysis across the United States to explore geographic differences that exist in the rapid onset and development of drought. The Standardized Evaporative Stress Ratio (SESR) is applied to a reanalysis dataset to quantify regional flash drought characteristics across nine climate regions in the United States. May and June had a higher frequency of flash drought events in the western United States, while a climatological peak in flash drought frequency was found in July and August for the eastern United States. For all climate regions, flash drought intensity was found to increase throughout the beginning of the growing season, then decrease in the latter portion of the growing season. Analysis of preceding moisture conditions revealed that antecedent dry conditions increased flash drought risk for all regions. Lastly, less than half of all flash droughts persisted to hydrological drought across the United States.
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Woji Creek, in the Niger Delta
Authors: Ihunwo Owhonda Chikeru , Shahabinia Amir Reza , Udo Kufre Solomon , Bonnail Estefanía , Onyema Mark Obinna , Dibofori-Orji Amalo Ndu , Mmom Prince Chinedu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This is the first study related to PAHs distribution in the Woji Creek (Nigeria), that points out potential contaminant sources. The study involved sampling of water and sediment from five stations along the creek monthly (from August to October in 2018). Samples collected were analysed for the concentration of sixteen Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) using an Agilent 7890B Gas Chromatograph (GC-MS). Eleven (11) PAHs were identified in the water samples with five (5) below detectable limits (Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Pyrene, Indeno (1, 2, 3, -cd) pyrene and Benzo [(g), (h), (i)] perylene). Results from the surface water showed that in the month of September, the concentration ranged from 6.029 ppm in S4 to 28.331 ppm in S5. October recorded a PAHs concentration ranging between 6.094 ppm at S1 and 29.257 ppm at S5. In the sediment highest concentration of PAHs was recorded in S5; 1809.08 ppm in August, 1810.05 ppm in September and 1821.5 ppm in October. The concentrations of PAHs in sediment were significantly greater than those in the water. In both sediment and water samples, the highest concentrations of total PAHs were recorded in station 5 and the lowest in station 4. The composition of PAH in water identified the dominance of 2 and 3 rings (Low Molecular Weight (LMW) PAHs) over 4, 5 and 6 rings (High Molecular Weight (HMW) PAHs). In the sediment samples analysed, LMW PAHs (2–3 rings) made up about 30% of the composition, while HMW PAHs (4–6 rings) made up about 70% of PAHs member groups. Cross plots showed that the PAHs could have come from petroleum and combustion.
Effect of topological imperfections on the electro‐mechanical properties of structured piezoelectric particulate composites
Authors: van Kempen S E , Khanbareh H , Groen Pim , Hol J M A M , van der Zwaag S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A novel method based on the Virtual Particle Mori–Tanaka (VPMT) is developed to predict the effective electro‐elastic properties, d
33 and g
33, of structured piezoelectric particulate composites with improved accuracy by means of a single parameter related to the spatial distribution of imperfectly aligned rod‐like PZT particles. The VPMT method is found to have excellent prediction capabilities for idealized particle configurations. Several new correction functions are presented to capture the drop in piezoelectric composite’s electro‐elastic properties as a function of topological imperfections. These imperfections are related to longitudinal and lateral inter‐particle spacings and the topology of the chain like structures themselves. The functions are evaluated in detail and show physically consistent behaviour.
Domain-specific introduction to machine learning terminology, pitfalls and opportunities in CRISPR-based gene editing
Authors: O’Brien Aidan R , Burgio Gaetan , Bauer Denis C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The use of machine learning (ML) has become prevalent in the genome engineering space, with applications ranging from predicting target site efficiency to forecasting the outcome of repair events. However, jargon and ML-specific accuracy measures have made it hard to assess the validity of individual approaches, potentially leading to misinterpretation of ML results. This review aims to close the gap by discussing ML approaches and pitfalls in the context of CRISPR gene-editing applications. Specifically, we address common considerations, such as algorithm choice, as well as problems, such as overestimating accuracy and data interoperability, by providing tangible examples from the genome-engineering domain. Equipping researchers with the knowledge to effectively use ML to better design gene-editing experiments and predict experimental outcomes will help advance the field more rapidly.
Kalign 3: multiple sequence alignment of large datasets
Authors: Lassmann Timo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Kalign is an efficient multiple sequence alignment (MSA) program capable of aligning thousands of protein or nucleotide sequences. However, current alignment problems involving large numbers of sequences are exceeding Kalign’s original design specifications. Here we present a completely re-written and updated version to meet current and future alignment challenges.

Results
Kalign now uses a SIMD (single instruction, multiple data) accelerated version of the bit-parallel Gene Myers algorithm to estimate pairwise distances, adopts a sequence embedding strategy and the bi-secting K-means algorithm to rapidly construct guide trees for thousands of sequences. The new version maintains high alignment accuracy on both protein and nucleotide alignments and scales better than other MSA tools.

Availability and implementation
The source code of Kalign and code to reproduce the results are found here: https://github.com/timolassmann/kalign.
A conditional density estimation partition model using logistic Gaussian processes
Authors: Payne R D , Guha N , Ding Y , Mallick B K 
Published: October 2019

Summary
Conditional density estimation seeks to model the distribution of a response variable conditional on covariates. We propose a Bayesian partition model using logistic Gaussian processes to perform conditional density estimation. The partition takes the form of a Voronoi tessellation and is learned from the data using a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The methodology models data in which the density changes sharply throughout the covariate space, and can be used to determine where important changes in the density occur. The Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm involves a Laplace approximation on the latent variables of the logistic Gaussian process model which marginalizes the parameters in each partition element, allowing an efficient search of the approximate posterior distribution of the tessellation. The method is consistent when the density is piecewise constant in the covariate space or when the density is Lipschitz continuous with respect to the covariates. In simulation and application to wind turbine data, the model successfully estimates the partition structure and conditional distribution.
Conscientious Objection in Social Work and Healthcare: A Philosophical Analysis
Authors: Cowley Christopher 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHealthcare and social work would seem to have a lot in common. Both of them involve professional care, even if the methods and the targeted needs are different. However, they differ strikingly in the place accorded to conscientious objection (CO). The right of healthcare professionals to refuse to perform or authorise certain lawful services is well protected by the law of most Western jurisdictions. In addition, these conscience rights have been subject to a good deal of discussion in the medical ethics and medical law literature. In contrast, there seems to be very little scope for CO among social workers and very little discussion about CO in the social work literature. I examine the possible reasons for this difference, and then investigate the sort of things that a social worker might plausibly object to. In the end, I defend the position that social workers should not be permitted to express a CO, although I accept that they have other avenues for expressing legitimate dissent.