bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Aspirin and Salicylic Acid by Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Heidemann Dorothy R , Schulenberg Edward S , Smith William H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Buffered solid dosage forms containing aspirin, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide are blended with acidic ethanol to extract the aspirin and salicylic acid rapidly. The resulting preparation is then immediately injected onto a 4.6 mm x 3 cm 5 (im reverse-phase column. Aspirin and free salicylic acid are determined simultaneously. The run time is &lt;2 min. The total time from the initiation of sample extraction to completion of the separation is &lt;5 min.
Determination of Terbutaline Sulfate in Dosage Forms by Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Childress William L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection has been developed for the determination of terbutaline sulfate in dosage forms. A cyanopropyl bonded-phase column is used with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-O.lM monobasic potassium phosphate containing 0.1M sodium heptanesulfonate and ImM disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (15 + 85). The compound of interest is detected at a glassy carbon electrode held at a potential of +0.9 V vs silver-silver chloride. The response is linear from 0 to 10 /«g/mL terbutaline sulfate. The method is applicable to tablet composites, individual tablets, dissolution determinations, and injections. Results and supporting data are reported for the above analyses.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Levodopa and Levodopa-Carbidopa in Solid
Dosage Forms: Collaborative Study
Authors: Ting Susan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of levodopa in tablets and capsules and levodopa-carbidopa in tablets was collaboratively studied by 6 laboratories. Collaborators were supplied with duplicate powdered composites of levodopa (1 synthetic formulation, 1 commercial tablet, and 1 commercial capsule) and levodopa- carbidopa (1 synthetic formulation and 2 commercial tablets), along with individual levodopa-carbidopa tablets for content uniformity determinations. The repeatability coefficient of variation (CV„) and reproducibility coefficient of variation (CV„) for levodopa single component were 0.48 and 0.87%; for levodopa in combination, 0.50 and 0.90%; and for carbidopa, 0.77 and 1.20%, respectively. Overall, the recovery values for levodopa and carbidopa from synthetic formulations simulating tablets were 100.4 and 99.5%, respectively .The pooled CVD„ and CVDX values for the individual tablet assays were 2.07 and 2.30% for levodopa, and 1.80 and 2.24% for carbidopa, respectively. The method has been adopted official first action for determination of the active ingredients in levodopa tablets and capsules and in levodopa-carbidopa tablets and for content uniformity testing in the combination dosage form.
Rapid Fluorogenic Enumeration of Escherichia coli in Selected, Naturally Contaminated High Moisture Foods
Authors: Poelma Paul L , Wilson Clyde R , Andrews Wallace H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An assay for the enzyme glucuronidase was used to determine the presence of Escherichia coli in selected, naturally contaminated high moisture foods. Raw pork sausage, ground turkey, and ground beef were inoculated into tubes containing the substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucuronide (MUG) in lauryl tryptose (LT) medium. After incubation at 35°C for 24 h, the inoculated LT-MUG tubes were examined under longwave ultraviolet light for the presence of a fluorogenic glucuronidase end product. A fluorescing tube indicated the presumptive presence of E. coli. The 10 day most probable number method of the AOAC and the LT-MUG procedure gave comparable recoveries of E. coli.
Brucella Endocarditis in Persons Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Cafardi John M , Haas Douglas , Lamarre Thomas , Feinberg Judith 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report 2 cases of infective endocarditis in injection drug users due to Brucella infection. Although cardiac involvement is a frequent sequela of brucellosis and endocarditis is often seen with injection drug use, Brucella endocarditis in persons who inject drugs without zoonotic exposure has not been reported to date.
Apatinib treatment for unresectable gastrointestinal stromal tumor with synchronous gastric cancer
Authors: Xu Huanji , Zhou Sheng , Hu Qiancheng , Cao Dan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nearly one-fifth of patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) simultaneously experience a second primary tumor. In particular, coexistence of gastric GISTs and gastric cancer is relatively more common. However, the optimal treatment for advanced GIST with gastric cancer is largely unknown. We report a case of simultaneous occurrence of gastric GIST and gastric cancer that benefited from apatinib. After first-line imatinib and S-1 treatment for 6 months, the GIST and the gastric cancer both progressed. The patient was then treated with apatinib, exhibiting a partial response (PR) both in the GIST and the gastric cancer at 7 months, and continuous PR so far with well-controlled toxic effects of hypertension. Progression-free survival reached 10 months. In view of the relatively high incidence of advanced GIST with synchronous gastric cancer, therapy to simultaneously treat the two kinds of tumors is urgently needed. Apatinib provides promising and well-tolerated therapy for GISTs with synchronous gastric cancer refractory to chemotherapy combined with imatinib.
ASSESSMENT OF AMBIENT NEUTRON DOSE EQUIVALENT IN SPATIALLY FRACTIONATED RADIOTHERAPY WITH PROTONS USING PHYSICAL COLLIMATORS
Authors: Charyyev Serdar , Wang C-K Chris 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
New technique is trending in spatially fractionated radiotherapy with protons to utilize the spot scanning together with a physical collimator to obtain minibeams. The primary goal of this study is to quantify ambient neutron dose equivalent (${H}^{\ast }(10)$) due to the secondary neutrons when physical collimator is used to achieve desired minibeams. The ${H}^{\ast }(10)$ per treatment proton dose (D) was assessed using Monte Carlo code TOPAS and measured using WENDI-II detector at different angles (135, 180, 225 and 270 degrees) and distances (11 cm, 58 and 105 cm) from the phantom for two cases: with and without physical collimation. Without collimation $\frac{H^{\ast }(10)}{D}$ varied from 0.0013 to 0.242 mSv/Gy. With collimation $\frac{H^{\ast }(10)}{D}$ varied from 0.017 to 3.23 mSv/Gy. Results show that the secondary neutron dose will increase tenfold when the physical collimator is used. Regardless, it will be low and comparable to the neutron dose produced by conventional passive-scattered proton beams.
Trade-offs between host tolerances to different pathogens in plant–virus interactions
Authors: Montes Nuria , Vijayan Viji , Pagán Israel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Although accumulating evidence indicates that tolerance is a plant defence strategy against pathogens as widespread as resistance, how plants evolve tolerance is poorly understood. Theory predicts that hosts will evolve to maximize tolerance or resistance, but not both. Remarkably, most experimental works failed in finding this trade-off. We tested the hypothesis that the evolution of tolerance to one virus is traded-off against tolerance to others, rather than against resistance and identified the associated mechanisms. To do so, we challenged eighteen Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes with Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). We characterized plant life-history trait modifications associated with reduced effects of TuMV and CMV on plant seed production (fecundity tolerance) and life period (mortality tolerance), both measured as a norm of reaction across viral loads (range tolerance). Also, we analysed resistance-tolerance and tolerance-tolerance trade-offs. Results indicate that tolerance to TuMV is associated with changes in the length of the pre-reproductive and reproductive periods, and tolerance to CMV with resource reallocation from growth to reproduction; and that tolerance to TuMV is traded-off against tolerance to CMV in a virulence-dependent manner. Thus, this work provides novel insights on the mechanisms of plant tolerance and highlights the importance of considering the combined effect of different pathogens to understand how plant defences evolve.
12Psychoanalysis
Authors: Arnold Lucy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The intersection between psychoanalysis and politics, with their shared investment in the dynamics of self–other relationships, emerged as a key concern in psychoanalytic thinking in 2019. This year’s review examines five texts which explore this intersection through a diverse range of approaches and is divided into five sections: 1. Introduction; 2. Contemporary Subjects: Psychoanalysis in 2019, which examines Julia Kristeva’s, Passions of Our Time; 3. Mourning Subjects: Politics and Psychoanalysis, which reviews Stephen Frosh, Those Who Come After: Postmemory, Acknowledgement and Forgiveness and Noëlle McAfee, Fear of Breakdown: Politics and Psychoanalysis alongside Conrad Chrzanowski’s article, ‘The Group’s Vulnerability to Disaster: Basic Assumptions and Work Group Mentalities Underlying Trump’s 2016 Election’; 4. Creative Subjects: Psychoanalysis and Visual Art, where I consider Patricia Townsend, Creative States of Mind: Psychoanalysis and the Artist’s Process, with Alberto Stefana’s article, ‘Revisiting Marion Milner’s Work on Creativity and Art’; and 5. Dis-membered Subjects: Psychoanalysis at the Margins, which explores Gabrielle Brown (ed.), Psychoanalytic Thinking on the Unhoused Mind.
Intermittent gross hematuria after lithotripsy: ureteral stent or residual stone?
Authors: Peng Linjie , Wen Junjun , Zhong Wen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo explore the role of stone fragment and ureteric stent in process of intermittent gross hematuria (IGH), discuss the definition of ureteral stent related symptoms (USS) in a setting of lithotripsy and clinical outcomes of IGH.MethodsBetween January 2018 and July 2019, patients with completed one month follow up after lithotripsy were collected. Based on whether occurrence of IGH, demographics, stent information and clinical outcomes were mainly analyzed.ResultsA total of 258 consecutive patients were eventually analyzed, among which 97 patients (37.6%) suffered from IGH. Compared to patients without symptom of IGH, preoperative potassium level (3.89±0.43mmol/L vs. 4.02±0.42mmol/L, p=0.01), initial stone free rate (SFR, 50.52% vs. 68.32%, p=0.007) and potassium citrate application (11.34% vs. 4.55%, p=0.04) were found statistically different in univariate analysis. In multivariate logistic analysis, preoperative potassium level (OR: 0.39, CI: 0.19-0.76, p=0.007), potassium citrate (OR: 2.96, CI: 1.07-8.73, p=0.04), initial SFR (OR: 0.42, CI: 0.24-0.74, p<0.001), and hospital stay (OR: 0.94, CI: 0.89-0.99, p=0.045) were independent risk factors, rather than stent size and stent position. Hemoglobin change, stone area reduction and SFR in one-month follow-up were similar between groups, but more outpatient consultations were found in hematuria group (20 vs. 3, p<0.001), among which 2 patients were readmitted for severe ongoing hematuria.ConclusionsStone fragment, rather the size or length of ureteral stent, is the independent risk factors of IGH. Definition of USS is not suitable for IGH after lithotripsy, and a comprehensive inform and enough rest would reduce the unnecessary medical consultations.
Analysis of meteorological conditions and prediction of epidemic trend of 2019-nCoV infection in 2020
Authors: Bu Jin , Peng Dong-Dong , Xiao Hui , Yue Qian , Han Yan , Lin Yu , Hu Gang , Chen Jing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the meteorological condition for incidence and spread of 2019-nCoV infection, to predict the epidemiology of the infectious disease, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control measures against the new disease.MethodsThe meteorological factors during the outbreak period of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan in 2019 were collected and analyzed, and were confirmed with those of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in China in 2003. Data of patients infected with 2019-nCoV and SARS coronavirus were collected from WHO website and other public sources.ResultsThis study found that the suitable temperature range for 2019-nCoV survival is (13-24 °C), among which 19°C lasting about 60 days is conducive to the spread between the vector and humans; the humidity range is 50%-80%, of which about 75% humidity is conducive to the survival of the coronavirus; the suitable precipitation range is below 30 mm/month. Cold air and continuous low temperature over one week are helpful for the elimination of the virus. The prediction results show that with the approach of spring, the temperature in north China gradually rises, and the coronavirus spreads to middle and high latitudes along the temperature line of 13-19 °C. The population of new coronavirus infections is concentrated in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other urban agglomerations. Starting from May 2020, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, the Central China Zhengzhou-Wuhan urban agglomeration, the eastern Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai urban agglomeration, and the southern Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration are all under a high temperature above 24 °C, which is not conducive to the survival and reproduction of coronaviruses, so the epidemic is expected to end.ConclusionsA wide range of continuous warm and dry weather is conducive to the survival of 2019-nCoV. The coming of spring, in addition to the original Wuhan-Zhengzhou urban agglomeration in central China, means that the prevention and control measures in big cities located in mid-latitude should be strengthened, especially the monitoring of transportation hubs. The Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration is a concentrated area of population in south China, with a faster temperature rise than those in mid-high latitudes, and thus the prevention in this area should be prioritized. From a global perspective, cities with a mean temperature below 24 °C are all high-risk cities for 2019-nCoV transmission before June.
Assessing the impact of reduced travel on exportation dynamics of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19)
Authors: Anzai Asami , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Linton Natalie M , Kinoshita Ryo , Hayashi Katsuma , Suzuki Ayako , Yang Yichi , Jung Sung-mok , Miyama Takeshi , Akhmetzhanov Andrei R , Nishiura Hiroshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe impact of the drastic reduction in travel volume within mainland China in January and February 2020 was quantified with respect to reports of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infections outside China. Data on confirmed cases diagnosed outside China were analyzed using statistical models to estimate the impact of travel reduction on three epidemiological outcome measures: (i) the number of exported cases, (ii) the probability of a major epidemic, and (iii) the time delay to a major epidemic. From 28 January to 7 February 2020, we estimated that 226 exported cases (95% confidence interval: 86, 449) were prevented, corresponding to a 70.4% reduction in incidence compared to the counterfactual scenario. The reduced probability of a major epidemic ranged from 7% to 20% in Japan, which resulted in a median time delay to a major epidemic of two days. Depending on the scenario, the estimated delay may be less than one day. As the delay is small, the decision to control travel volume through restrictions on freedom of movement should be balanced between the resulting estimated epidemiological impact and predicted economic fallout.
Estimating the Efficacy of Quarantine and Traffic Blockage for the Epidemic Caused by 2019-nCoV (COVID-19):A Simulation Analysis
Authors: Li Deqiang , Liu Zhicheng , Liu Qinghe , Gao Zefei , Zhu Junkai , Yang Junyan , Wang Qiao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince the 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) outbreaks in Wuhan, China, the cumulative number of confirmed cases is increasing every day, and a large number of populations all over the world are at risk. The quarantine and traffic blockage can alleviate the risk of the epidemic and the infections, henceforth evaluating the efficacy of such actions is essential to inform policy makers and raise the public awareness of the importance of self-isolation and quarantine.MethodWe collected confirmed case data and the migration data, and introduced the quarantine factor and traffic blockage factor to the Flow-SEIR model. By varying the quarantine factor and traffic blockage factor, we simulated the change of the peak number and arrival time of infections, then the efficacy of these two intervation measures can be analyzed in our simulation. In our study, the self-protection at home is also included in quarantine.ResultsIn the simulated results, the quarantine and traffic blockage are effective for epidemic control. For Hubei province, the current quarantine factor is estimaed to be 0.405, which means around 40.5% of suceptibles who are close contacting with are in quarantine, and the current traffic blockage factor is estimaed to be 0.66, which indicates around 34% of suceptibles who had flowed out from Hubei. For the other provinces outside Hubei, the current quarantine factor is estimated to be 0.285, and the current traffic blockage factor is estimated to be 0.26. With the quarantine and traffic blockage factor increasing, the number of infections decrease dramatically. We also simulated the start dates of quarantine and traffic blockage at four time points, the simulated results show that the early of warning is also effective for epidemic containing. However, provincial level traffic blockage can only alleviate 21.06% - 22.38% of the peak number of infections. In general, the quarantine is much more effective than the traffic blockage control.ConclusionBoth of quarantine and traffic blockage are effective ways to control the spread of COVID-19. However, the eff icacy of quarantine is found to be much stronger than that of traffic blockage. Considering traffic blockage may also cause huge losses of economy, we propose to gradually deregulate the traffic blockage, and improve quarantine instead. Also, there might be a large number of asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19, the quarantine should be continued for a long time until the epidemic is totally under control.
SMPD1 variants do not have a major role in REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Rudakou Uladzislau , Futhey Naomi C. , Krohn Lynne , Ruskey Jennifer A. , Heilbron Karl , Cannon Paul ,   The 23andMe Research Team, Alam Armaghan , Arnulf Isabelle , Hu Michele T.M. , Montplaisir Jacques Y. , Gagnon Jean-François , Desautels Alex , Dauvilliers Yves , Toffoli Marco , Gigli Gian Luigi , Valente Mariarosaria , Högl Birgit , Stefani Ambra , Holzknecht Evi , Sonka Karel , Kemlink David , Oertel Wolfang , Janzen Annette , Plazzi Giuseppe , Antelmi Elena , Figorilli Michela , Puligheddu Monica , Mollenhauer Brit , Trenkwalder Claudia , Sixel-Döring Friederike , De Cock Valérie Cochen , Monaca Christelle Charley , Heidbreder Anna , Ferini-Strambi Luigi , Dijkstra Femke , Viaene Mineke , Beatriz Abril , Boeve Bradley F. , Postuma Ronald B. , Rouleau Guy A. , Gan-Or Ziv 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMutations in the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) gene were reported to be associated with Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The majority of patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) develop PD or DLB later in life, suggesting that iRBD is a prodromal phase of these two conditions. In the current study we aimed to evaluate the role of SMPD1 variants in iRBD. SMPD1 and its untranslated regions were sequenced using targeted next-generation sequencing in 959 iRBD patients and 1,287 controls from European descent. Logistic regression adjusted for sex and age showed no significant associations with two common variants and iRBD (rs1050239 and rs8164). The frequency of all rare nonsynonymous SMPD1 variants (minor allele frequency <1%) was found to be twice as high in cases than in controls (1.46% vs. 0.70%, Fisher’s exact test p=0.09) but there was no statistically significant burden (p=0.64). Our study reports no statistically significant association of SMPD1 variants and iRBD. It is hence unlikely that SMPD1 plays a major role in iRBD.
Organoid Polymer Functionality and Mode ofKlebsiella PneumoniaeMembrane Antigen Presentation Regulates Ex Vivo Germinal Center Epigenetics in Young and Aged B Cells
Authors: Graney Pamela L. , Lai Kristine , Post Sarah , Brito Ilana , Cyster Jason , Singh Ankur 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAntibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major global health threat that continues to rise due to a lack of effective vaccines. Of concern areKlebsiella pneumoniaethat fail to inducein vivogerminal center B cell responses, which facilitate antibody production to fight infection. Immunotherapies using antibodies targeting antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging as promising alternatives, however, cannot be efficiently derived ex vivo, necessitating the need for immune technologies to develop therapeutics. Here, four-arm PEG-organoids were developed to elucidate the effects of polymer end-point chemistry, integrin ligands, and mode ofK. pneumoniaeantigen presentation on germinal center-like B cell epigenetics, to better define the cell-microenvironment factors regulatingex vivogerminal center dynamics. Notably, PEG vinyl sulfone or acrylate failed to sustain primary immune cells, but functionalization with maleimide (PEG-4MAL) led to B cell expansion and germinal center-like induction. RNA sequencing analysis of lymph node stromal and germinal center B cells showed niche associated heterogeneity of integrin-related genes. Incorporation of niche-mimicking bioadhesive peptides revealed that collagen 1 mimicking peptides promoted germinal center-like dynamics and epigenetics. PEG-4MAL organoids elucidated the impact ofK. pneumoniaemembrane embedded protein antigen versus soluble antigen presentation on germinal center-like activation and preserved the response across young and aged mice.