bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung protective ventilation in infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for congenital heart disease: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sun Yuan , Shen Sai‐E , Deng Xiao‐Ming , Cai Ying , Du Yi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLung protective ventilation (LPV) has been applied to surgical adults with normal pulmonary function for optimizing mechanical ventilation and reducing postoperative pulmonary complications. Few studies have reported the use of LPV in infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).AimsTo explore safety and effectiveness of LPV in infants undergoing CPB surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodsIncluded in this study were 77 infants who underwent CPB surgery for CHD from November 2017 to September 2018. They were randomized into the LPV group and conventional ventilation (CV) group. In the LPV group, small‐tidal‐volume (6‐8 ml/kg) ventilation, lung recruitment by PEEP increment to the maximum level of 15 cm H2O after CPB, and individualized optimal PEEP titration were applied. In the CV group, traditional tidal volume (10‐12 ml/kg with zero PEEP) was applied. The primary outcome was the ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to inspiratory oxygen fraction (PaO2/FiO2). The secondary outcomes were respiratory dynamic parameters, hypoxemia, prognostic indexes, and postoperative pulmonary complications.ResultsPaO2/FiO2 in the LPV group (416.86, 95%CI: 381.60‐452.12) was significantly higher than that in the CV group (263.37, 95%CI: 227.65‐299.09) after intervention (P < .001). There was a significant difference in the trend of change in dynamic compliance, alveolar‐arterial oxygen difference, arterial‐end‐expired carbon dioxide difference, driving pressure, and respiratory index between the two groups at different time points from weaning from CPB to 2 hours after operation. There was no significant difference in PaO2/FiO2, alveolar‐arterial oxygen difference, respiratory index, and dynamic compliance 2 hours postoperative and in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, prognostic indexes between the two groups.ConclusionsLPV could be used safely in infants undergoing CPB in that it can improve oxygenation, alveolar aeration, and dynamic compliance, and reduce driving pressure, pulmonary shunting, and dead space. Its effect on oxygenation, pulmonary gas exchange, and pulmonary compliance was relatively short, and had less impact on postoperative pulmonary complications and prognosis.
Agnosticism I: Language, perspectives and evidence
Authors: Wilczewska Sylwia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe subject of agnosticism about the existence of God has emerged in many of the major conversations within analytic philosophy of religion, such as the debate on the nature of evidence for and against religious beliefs. In this article, I outline a map of the debate on agnosticism in religious epistemology—especially in relation to evidentialism—highlighting the significance of the problem of the ambiguity of evidence and connecting said problem to discussions of religious language and peer disagreement.
Association of body mass index and blood lipid profile with cognitive function in Chinese elderly population based on data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2009–2015
Authors: Li Jiang , Jiao Mingyuan , Wen Jiangping , Fan Danping , Xia Ya , Cao Yongtong , Shi Rongxing , Xiao Cheng 
Published: April 2020

AimThe associations of body mass index (BMI) and serum lipids with cognitive function are inconsistent and remain unclear, especially in the elderly population. This discrepancy triggered our interest in exploring the impact of BMI and serum lipids on memory status among the elderly Chinese population.MethodsData were collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey database. We used data from the survey’s 2015 wave to examine the association between BMI and memory status and from the 2009–2015 surveys to examine the association between serum lipids and cognitive function. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses and multivariable linear regression analyses to examine these associations.ResultsBeing underweight, normal weight, and severely obese were associated with an increased risk of bad self‐reported memory status, with overweight as the reference. After adjustment for confounding factors, BMI was positively associated with cognitive function score in the low BMI group (≤24.5 kg/m2) (β ± SE: 0.02 ± 0.01, P = 0.013) and negatively associated with cognitive function score in the high BMI group (>24.5 kg/m2) (β ± SE: −0.04 ± 0.01, P = 0.009) in multivariable linear regression analysis. In men, higher levels of serum triglycerides and apolipoprotein B were associated with a decreased risk of cognitive impairment. In women, a higher level of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with a decreased risk of cognitive impairment.ConclusionWe found inverse U‐shaped relationships between BMI and cognitive function and for the gender‐specific association of serum lipids with cognitive function. This result indicated that among the elderly population, better nutritional status suggests superior memory status and cognitive function performance.
Plant tissue succulence engineering improves water‐use efficiency, water‐deficit stress attenuation and salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lim Sung Don , Mayer Jesse A. , Yim Won Cheol , Cushman John C. 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYTissue succulence (ratio of tissue water/leaf area or dry mass) or the ability to store water within living tissues is among the most successful adaptations to drought in the plant kingdom. This taxonomically widespread adaptation helps plants avoid the damaging effects of drought, and is often associated with the occupancy of epiphytic, epilithic, semi‐arid and arid environments. Tissue succulence was engineered in Arabidopsis thaliana by overexpression of a codon‐optimized helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor (VvCEB1opt) from wine grape involved in the cell expansion phase of berry development. VvCEB1opt‐overexpressing lines displayed significant increases in cell size, succulence and decreased intercellular air space. VvCEB1opt‐overexpressing lines showed increased instantaneous and integrated water‐use efficiency (WUE) due to reduced stomatal conductance caused by reduced stomatal aperture and density resulting in increased attenuation of water‐deficit stress. VvCEB1opt‐overexpressing lines also showed increased salinity tolerance due to reduced salinity uptake and dilution of internal Na+ and Cl− as well as other ions. Alterations in transporter activities were further suggested by media and apoplastic acidification, hygromycin B tolerance and changes in relative transcript abundance patterns of various transporters with known functions in salinity tolerance. Engineered tissue succulence might provide an effective strategy for improving WUE, drought avoidance or attenuation, salinity tolerance, and for crassulacean acid metabolism biodesign.
Retrieval of Uniaxial Permittivity and Permeability for the Study of Near-Field Radiative Transport Between Metallic Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Chang Jui-Yung , Sabbaghi Payam , Weng Yu-Shao , Chen Yu-Bin , Wang Liping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Recently metamaterials made of periodic nanowire arrays, multilayers, and grating structures have been studied for near-field thermal radiation with enhanced coupling of evanescent waves due to surface plasmon/phonon polariton, hyperbolic mode, epsilon-near-zero and epsilon-near-pole (ENP) modes, guided mode, and wave interference. In this work, both effective uniaxial electric permittivity and magnetic permeability of a nanowire-based metamaterial are retrieved theoretically through the far-field radiative properties obtained by finite difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The artificial magnetic response of metamaterials, which cannot be obtained by traditional effective medium theory (EMT) based on electric permittivity of constitutes only, is successfully captured by the nonunity magnetic permeability, whose resonant frequency is verified by an inductor-capacitor model. By incorporating the retrieved electric permittivity and magnetic permeability into fluctuational electrodynamics with multilayer uniaxial wave optics, the near-field radiative heat transfer between the metallic nanowire arrays is theoretically studied and spectral near-field heat enhancements are found for both transverse electric and magnetic waves due to artificial magnetic resonances. The understanding and insights obtained here will facilitate the application of metamaterials in near-field radiative transfer.
Heat Transfer and Hydraulic Resistance in Turbulent Flow in Vertical Round Tubes at Supercritical Pressures—Part II: Results From Numerical Simulation With Differential Turbulent Viscosity Models
Authors: Yankov Georgy G. , Kurganov Vladimir A. , Zeigarnik Yury A. , Maslakova Irina V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The review of numerical studies on the turbulent flow and heat transfer of supercritical pressure (SCP) coolants in heated vertical round tubes, which were conducted using different differential turbulent viscosity models, is presented. The results of predictions are compared with the experimental data on wall temperature and heat transfer rate. It is shown that most often the turbulent viscosity models only qualitatively (but not quantitatively) predict the deteriorated heat transfer effects, which appear due do buoyancy forces and thermal acceleration effects at strongly variable physical properties of a coolant. At the same time, the regimes of normal heat transfer are successfully reproduced by “standard” k–ε and RNG models with wall functions (WFs), as well as by two-layer models. The conclusion is made that none of the presently known turbulent viscosity models can be confidently recommended for predicting any flow regimes and heat transfer of SCP coolants. Strongly variable properties of SCP coolant stipulate more strict demands for validating mesh independence of the obtained results and for an accuracy of approximation of the tabulated values of the coolant properties. It was ascertained that using more and more numerous calculation codes and the results from their application requires certain caution and circumspection. Sometimes, the energy transport equations were erroneously written for temperature or temperature variance rather than for enthalpy. Crying discrepancy in the predictions of different authors conducted using the same CFD codes and turbulence models and possible reasons for such a discrepancy are not analyzed.
Radionuclide Composition of Airborne Discharges of European NPPS With WWER, Pressurized Water Reactor, and Boiling Water Reactor Facilities
Authors: Vukolova Angelina-Nataliya V. , Rusinkevich Andrei A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article presents the analysis of the data on radionuclide composition of airborne discharges of 52 European nuclear power plants (NPPs) with water–water energetic reactor facilities (WWER), pressurized water reactor facilities (PWR), and boiling water reactor facilities (BWR) under normal operation conditions. It contains lists of radionuclides, registered in discharges of researched NPPs, and gives estimation of contributions of radionuclides, forming the discharge, into total activity of discharge and into total effective dose, created by the discharge activity. It was determined that the maximal contribution into discharge activity of all researched NPPs make noble gases, tritium, and carbon-14, while the latter is the main dose-making radionuclide.
Jurassic tectonics of the eastern North China Craton: Response to initial subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate
Authors: Hao Wenxing , Zhu Rixiang , Zhu Guang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Yanshan fold-and-thrust belt (YFTB) on the northern margin of the eastern North China Craton (NCC) contains a succession of Jurassic volcano-sedimentary rocks that record the response of the NCC to the initial stages of subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. We present stratigraphic profiles and new zircon U-Pb data from four basins in the YFTB to constrain the ages of the Jurassic lithological units and tectonic events related to the initial subduction. Following uplift at 200–190 Ma, protracted eruption of basalt at 188–167 Ma reflects the earliest tectonic activity in the YFTB. The eruption occurred in a backarc extensional setting, and migrated toward the west, consistent with WNW-directed subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. The measured profiles and geochronological data demonstrate that the earliest phase of shortening in the YFTB during the Jurassic (event A of the Yanshan Movement in the Chinese literature) took place at 167 Ma. This compression terminated the magmatism and extension of the Early–Middle Jurassic, and resulted in the development of local thrusts, regional uplift, and a disconformity, without involvement of intense folding or the development of an angular unconformity. These observations are consistent with a weak to moderate intensity of deformation. The Jurassic rocks in the YFTB record the response of a backarc to the initial stages of subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. Jurassic tectonics in the YFTB and the entire eastern China continent suggests that initial subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate began at ca. 190 Ma, and is consistent with the passive margin collapse model.
Sustainable densification of the deep crust
Authors: Malvoisin Benjamin , Austrheim Håkon , Hetényi György , Reynes Julien , Hermann Jörg , Baumgartner Lukas P. , Podladchikov Yury Y. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The densification of the lower crust in collision and subduction zones plays a key role in shaping the Earth by modifying the buoyancy forces acting at convergent boundaries. It takes place through mineralogical reactions, which are kinetically favored by the presence of fluids. Earthquakes may generate faults serving as fluid pathways, but the influence of reactions on the generation of seismicity at depth is still poorly constrained. Here we present new petrological data and numerical models to show that in the presence of fluids, densification reactions can occur very fast, on the order of weeks, and consume fluids injected during an earthquake, which leads to porosity formation and fluid pressure drop by several hundreds of megapascals. This generates a mechanically highly unstable system subject to collapse and further seismic-wave emission during aftershocks. This mechanism creates new pathways for subsequently arriving fluids, and thus provides a route for self-sustained densification of the lower crust.
Delivering infectious disease interventions to women and children in conflict settings: a systematic review
Authors: Meteke Sarah , Stefopulos Marianne , Als Daina , Gaffey Michelle F , Kamali Mahdis , Siddiqui Fahad J , Munyuzangabo Mariella , Jain Reena P , Shah Shailja , Radhakrishnan Amruta , Ataullahjan Anushka , Bhutta Zulfiqar A 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundConflict has played a role in the large-scale deterioration of health systems in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and increased risk of infections and outbreaks. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the literature on mechanisms of delivery for a range of infectious disease-related interventions provided to conflict-affected women, children and adolescents.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL and PsychINFO databases for literature published in English from January 1990 to March 2018. Eligible publications reported on conflict-affected neonates, children, adolescents or women in LMICs who received an infectious disease intervention. We extracted and synthesised information on delivery characteristics, including delivery site and personnel involved, as well as barriers and facilitators, and we tabulated reported intervention coverage and effectiveness data.ResultsA majority of the 194 eligible publications reported on intervention delivery in sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccines for measles and polio were the most commonly reported interventions, followed by malaria treatment. Over two-thirds of reported interventions were delivered in camp settings for displaced families. The use of clinics as a delivery site was reported across all intervention types, but outreach and community-based delivery were also reported for many interventions. Key barriers to service delivery included restricted access to target populations; conversely, adopting social mobilisation strategies and collaborating with community figures were reported as facilitating intervention delivery. Few publications reported on intervention coverage, mostly reporting variable coverage for vaccines, and fewer reported on intervention effectiveness, mostly for malaria treatment regimens.ConclusionsDespite an increased focus on health outcomes in humanitarian crises, our review highlights important gaps in the literature on intervention delivery among specific subpopulations and geographies. This indicates a need for more rigorous research and reporting on effective strategies for delivering infectious disease interventions in different conflict contexts.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019125221.
Paediatricians’ attitudes and beliefs towards transgender people: a cross-sectional survey in Israel
Authors: Landau Nitsan , Hamiel Uri , Tokatly Latzer Itay , Mauda Elinor , Levek Noah , Tripto-Shkolnik Liana , Pinhas-Hamiel Orit 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe number of transgender and gender non-conforming children is on the rise. For these children, the timing of medical intervention is crucial, yet transgender children report poorer overall physical and mental health outcomes compared with their cisgender peers. We aim to describe how paediatricians perceive transgender people.SettingThe ‘Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale’, which consists of 29 items in three domains—human value, interpersonal comfort and sex/gender beliefs—was administered to 391 senior and resident paediatricians in Israel. The responses on a 7-point Likert scale were collapsed into two categories: a mean score of ≥6 for each domain was a ‘Favourable’ perception and <6 ‘Unfavourable’.ResultsOf 355 respondents (91% response rate), 221 (62%) were females, 132 (37%) were males and 2 identified as ‘other’; 290 (82%) were born in ‘trans-respect countries’, 274 (77%) identified as secular, 223 (63%) were senior physicians and 132 (27%) were residents. Overall, 90% of the cohort scored favourably on the ‘Human value’ domain, 68% on ‘Interpersonal comfort’ and 40% on ‘Sex/gender beliefs’. In the ‘Interpersonal comfort’ domain, being a man, birthplace in a transphobic country, identification as religious and being a senior physician were all associated with increased ORs for an unfavourable score: 2.1 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.4), 3.4 (95% CI 1.9 to 6.3), 2.4 (95% CI 1.4 to 4.2) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.0), respectively. In the ‘Sex/gender beliefs’ domain, being a man and identifying as religious had significantly increased ORs for unfavourable scores: 2.2 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.5) and 10.6 (95% CI 4.7 to 24.1), respectively.ConclusionsNegative attitudes towards transgender people are still widespread among paediatricians. Interventions are warranted to positively impact these attitudes.
Coronary artery disease prediction in women and men using chest pain characteristics and risk factors: an observational study in outpatient clinics
Authors: Groepenhoff Floor , Eikendal Anouk L M , Onland-Moret N Charlotte , Bots Sophie Heleen , Menken Roxana , Tulevski Igor I , Somsen Aernout G , Hofstra Leonard , den Ruijter Hester M 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the diagnostic value of non-acute chest pain characteristics for coronary artery disease in women and men referred to outpatient cardiology clinics.Design and settingThis is an observational study performed at outpatient cardiology centres of the Netherlands.ParticipantsThe study population consisted of 1028 patients with non-acute chest pain (505 women).Analysis and resultsTwenty-four women (5%) and 75 men (15%) were diagnosed with coronary artery disease by invasive coronary angiography or CT angiography during regular care follow-up. Elastic net regression was performed to assess which chest pain characteristics and risk factors were of diagnostic value. The overall model selected age, provocation by temperature or stress, relief at rest and functional class as determinants and was accurate in both sexes (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.85) in women and 0.83 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.88) in men). Both sex-specific models selected age, pressuring nature, radiation, duration, frequency, progress, provocation and relief at rest as determinants. The female model additionally selected dyspnoea, body mass index, hypertension and smoking while the male model additionally selected functional class and diabetes. The sex-specific models performed better than the overall model, but more so in women (AUC: 0.89, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.96) than in men (AUC: 0.84, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.90).ConclusionsIn both sexes, the diagnostic value of non-acute chest pain characteristics and risk factors for coronary artery disease was high. Provocation, relief at rest and functional class of chest pain were the most powerful diagnostic predictors in both women and men. When stratified by sex the performance of the model improved, mostly in women.
Protocol for a systematic review of health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in US barbershops and hair salons
Authors: Palmer Kelly , Rivers Patrick , Melton Forest , McClelland Jean , Hatcher Jennifer , Marrero David G , Thomson Cynthia , Garcia David O 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionAfrican American adults are disproportionately burdened by chronic diseases, particularly at younger ages. Developing culturally appropriate interventions is paramount to closing the gap in these health inequities. The purpose of this systematic review is to critically evaluate health promotion interventions for African Americans delivered in two environments that are frequented by this population: barbershops and hair salons. Characteristics of effective interventions will be identified and evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions will be provided. Results of this review will inform future health promotion efforts for African Americans particularly focused on the leading health inequities in obesity-related chronic diseases: cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes.Methods and analysisSubject headings and keywords will be used to search for synonyms of ‘barbershops,’ ‘hair salons’ and ‘African Americans’ to identify all relevant articles (from inception onwards) in the following databases: Academic Search Ultimate, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science (Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index) and ProQuest Dissertations. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies for adult (>18 years) African Americans delivered in barbershops and hair salons will be included. Eligible interventions will include risk reduction/management of obesity-related chronic disease: cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes. Two reviewers will independently screen, select and extract data and a third will mediate disagreements. The methodological quality (or risk of bias) of individual studies will be appraised using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. Quality and content of the evidence will be narratively synthesised.Ethics and disseminationSince this is a protocol for a systematic review, ethical approval is not required. Findings from the review will be widely disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and traditional and social media outlets.