bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition to virtual clinic: Experience in a multidisciplinary clinic for Down syndrome
Authors: Santoro Stephanie L. , Donelan Karen , Haugen Kelsey , Oreskovic Nicolas M. , Torres Amy , Skotko Brian G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated a rapid transition from in‐person office visits to virtual visits in the Down syndrome specialty program at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH DSP). We describe the clinic transition to virtual visits in April 2020 and reflect on our six‐month experience in virtual visits. Clinic metrics were tracked. Electronic survey responses were collected from caregivers attending virtual visits. Input from the MGH DSP team was collected. From April to September 2020, we maintained patient volume (45 visits per month) and overall satisfaction score (6.7 out of 7) following a sudden, unanticipated transition to virtual visits. Survey of 17 caregivers attending virtual visits found that most were equipped with technology, had access to a private location, and most were able to access visit without any limitations. Caregivers appreciated the convenience of virtual visits but sometimes missed the personal connection of an in‐person visit. Overall, though, virtual visits were frequently viewed as no different than office visits. Team members identified benefits and challenges of virtual visits, as well as lessons learned from this transition. We were able to maintain multidisciplinary, specialty care with optimal caregiver feedback and sustained number of patient visits.
Incentive spirometry to prevent pulmonary complications after chest trauma: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Dote Hisashi , Homma Yohichiro , Sakuraya Masaaki , Funakoshi Hiraku , Tanaka Shigeru , Atsumi Takahiro 
Published: January 2021

AimPulmonary complications (PCs) are a major cause of poor prognosis in chest trauma. Evidence on the effectiveness of incentive spirometry (IS) in trauma is scarce. This study investigated the effectiveness of IS in preventing PCs in patients with chest trauma with rib fractures.MethodsThis retrospective observational study analyzed the data obtained from the electronic medical records of patients with chest trauma with rib fractures admitted between 2011 and 2019. We included patients 18 years of age or older with risk of worsening respiratory failure. Early IS was the primary exposure and PCs (pulmonary infection or respiratory failure requiring escalating oxygen therapy) were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, duration of oxygenation therapy, and adverse events of IS. Logistic regression analysis with a propensity score was used.ResultsWe extracted 514 patients from the electronic medical records; 299 patients were included. The early IS group had a higher proportion of hypoxemia at admission, opioid analgesia use, invasive positive pressure ventilation, and respiratory physiotherapy. The severity of trauma was higher in the early IS group. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of the PCs between groups (adjusted odds ratio 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.24–2.16). No statistical differences were seen in the secondary outcomes.ConclusionFor patients with chest trauma with rib fractures at risk of worsening respiratory failure, IS early after injury did not reduce the rate of PCs. No adverse event of IS was observed and IS was shown to be safe.
MOF‐derived Core‐Shell CoP@NC@TiO2 Composite as a High‐Performance Anode Material for Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Kai , Guo Hui‐nan , Li Wei‐qin , Wang Yi‐jing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTransition‐metal phosphides have been regarded as promising anode materials for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high capacity and low cost. However, the mechanical pulverization and resultant capacity fade critically limit their further development. Here, we have designed an innovative core‐shell CoP@NC@TiO2 composite with an exotic rhombic dodecahedral morphology derived from ZIF‐67 precursor, which combines both advantages from TiO2 with excellent cycling stability and CoP with high capacity. The additional MOF‐derived N‐doped carbon framework is considered to improve the electrical conductivity and accommodate the volume expansion of CoP particles. Moreover, the outer TiO2 shell can also buffer the mechanical stress and maintain the integrity of composite. With the unique structure, the core‐shell CoP@NC@TiO2 composite material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with a considerable discharge specific capacity of 706.3 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 after 200 cycles and outstanding rate capacity. Hence, our work demonstrates that this core‐shell structure strategy combined with MOF‐derived carbon framework could provide a practical pathway towards enhanced electrode materials for energy storage and conversion.
The EGFR‐P38 MAPK axis up‐regulates PD‐L1 through miR‐675‐5p and down‐regulates HLA‐ABC via hexokinase‐2 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Liu Zongcai , Ning Fen , Cai Yanna , Sheng Huiying , Zheng Ruidan , Yin Xi , Lu Zhikun , Su Ling , Chen Xiaodan , Zeng Chunhua , Wang Haifang , Liu Li 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy has been shown to be a promising strategy against human cancers. A better understanding of the immune regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could help the development of immunotherapy against HCC. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is frequently activated in HCC and plays important roles in tumorigenesis. However, its role in HCC immunity is still largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of EGFR signaling on programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and human leukocyte antigen class‐I (HLA‐I) expression in HCC cells and its underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe expression of phosphorylated EGFR (p‐EGFR), PD‐L1, and HLA‐I (HLA‐ABC) in HCC specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry, and their correlations were analyzed. PD‐L1 and HLA‐ABC expression in EGFR‐activated HCC cells were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR, Western blotting, and flow cytometry, and T cell‐mediated lysis was performed to test the immunosuppressive effects of PD‐L1 and HLA‐ABC alterations in HCC cells. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of EGFR activation‐induced PD‐L1 up‐regulation and HLA‐ABC down‐regulation were explored by animal experiments, luciferase reporter assay, and gene gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies.Resultsp‐EGFR was positively correlated with PD‐L1 and negatively correlated with HLA‐ABC expression in HCCs. EGFR activation by its ligand EGF up‐regulated PD‐L1 and down‐regulated HLA‐ABC in HCC cells, which was functionally important and could be abolished by the EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, enhanced P38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation down‐regulated microRNA‐675‐5p (miR‐675‐5p) and up‐regulated glycolysis‐related enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2); miR‐675‐5p down‐regulation enhanced the stability of PD‐L1 mRNA probably via the 3’‐untranslated region (3’‐UTR) of PD‐L1 and thereby caused PD‐L1 accumulation, and HK2 up‐regulation enhanced aerobic glycolysis and mediated a decrease in HLA‐ABC.ConclusionsThe EGFR‐P38 MAPK axis could up‐regulate PD‐L1 through miR‐675‐5p and down‐regulate HLA‐ABC via HK2 in HCC cells. Our study reveals a novel signaling network that may cause immune suppression in HCC and suggests that EGFR signaling can be targeted for HCC immunotherapy.
Multiply Charged Helium Droplet Anions
Authors: Laimer Felix , Zappa Fabio , Scheier Paul , Gatchell Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe detection of multiply charged helium droplet anions is reported for the first time. By ionizing droplets of superfluid helium with low energy electrons (up to 25 eV), it was possible to produce droplets containing up to five negative charges, which remain intact on the timescale of the experiment. The appearance sizes for different charge states are determined and are found to be orders of magnitude larger than for the equivalent cationic droplets, starting at 4 million He atoms for dianions. Droplets with He*− as charge carriers show signs of being metastable, but this effect is quenched by the pickup of water molecules.
Solution adaptive refinement of cut‐cell Cartesian meshes can improve FDA nozzle computational fluid dynamics efficiency
Authors: Pewowaruk Ryan , Li Yanheng , Rowinski David , Roldán‐Alzate Alejandro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo be an effective tool in studying cardiovascular disease and designing new treatments, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) needs to move from the realm of “high performance” to “high throughput” computing by improving efficiency while retaining accuracy. Solution adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) has the potential to decrease simulation time and benefits would be greater if the mesh could dynamically adapt throughout a heartbeat. This study used cut‐cell Cartesian grids with AMR at each time step. The refinement criteria was based on subgrid scale (SGS). The potential efficiency improvements from AMR were investigated with the FDA nozzle benchmark case at Re 500, 3500 and 6500. Using AMR with SGS = 1% mean throat velocity simulations could be performed in under 24 h on 16 CPUs with high accuracy compared to both FDA particle image velocimetry experiments and refined uniform grid CFD. This was an efficiency improvement of over an order of magnitude compared to uniform grids and other AMR SGS values. Using AMR with SGS = 5 or 0.2% mean throat velocity did not result in large efficiency improvements. Lastly, simulations of pulsatile flow suggest that performance improvements for typical cardiovascular flows may be even greater than were found simulating the statistically stationary FDA nozzle experiments.
Bioequivalence Analysis of 2 Dapoxetine Hydrochloride Formulations in Healthy Chinese Male Volunteers Under Fed and Fasting Conditions: A Randomized, Open‐Label, 2‐Sequence, 2‐Period, 2‐Way Crossover Study
Authors: Yan Keyu , Ju Gehang , Tan Qiong , Zeng Lijiao , Qiu Wen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study assessed whether the reference and test formulations of dapoxetine hydrochloride were bioequivalent under fed and fasting conditions postadministration of a single dose as well as evaluated the safety profile of these 2 formulations. This study was a randomized, single‐center, 2‐period, open‐label, 2‐way crossover design study with a washout period of 7 days between each period. The study included 80 subjects, 40 under fed and 40 under fasting conditions. During each study period, the subjects were administered a single oral dose of either the reference or the test formulation, followed by collection of plasma samples 70 hours postdose. High‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) was performed to determine the concentrations of dapoxetine in plasma samples along with the calculation of Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐inf. In addition, adverse events were monitored to determine the safety of these formulations. The geometric mean ratio (90%CI) for the reference and test formulations was 86% to 100%, 89% to 103%, and 89% to 103% under fasting conditions and 92% to 107%, 91% to 100%, and 92% to 101% under fed conditions for Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐inf, respectively. The 90%CIs for the test/reference ratio for AUC and Cmax were within the acceptable limits of bioequivalence, thus demonstrating bioequivalence for these 2 dapoxetine hydrochloride formulations.
Toward a unified analysis of cerebellum maturation and aging across the entire lifespan: A MRI analysis
Authors: Romero José E. , Coupe Pierrick , Lanuza Enrique , Catheline Gwenaelle , Manjón José V. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevious literature about the structural characterization of the human cerebellum is related to the context of a specific pathology or focused in a restricted age range. In fact, studies about the cerebellum maturation across the lifespan are scarce and most of them considered the cerebellum as a whole without investigating each lobule. This lack of study can be explained by the lack of both accurate segmentation methods and data availability. Fortunately, during the last years, several cerebellum segmentation methods have been developed and many databases comprising subjects of different ages have been made publically available. This fact opens an opportunity window to obtain a more extensive analysis of the cerebellum maturation and aging. In this study, we have used a recent state‐of‐the‐art cerebellum segmentation method called CERES and a large data set (N = 2,831 images) from healthy controls covering the entire lifespan to provide a model for 12 cerebellum structures (i.e., lobules I‐II, III, IV, VI, Crus I, Crus II, VIIB, VIIIA, VIIIB, IX, and X). We found that lobules have generally an evolution that follows a trajectory composed by a fast growth and a slow degeneration having sometimes a plateau for absolute volumes, and a decreasing tendency (faster in early ages) for normalized volumes. Special consideration is dedicated to Crus II, where slow degeneration appears to stabilize in elder ages for absolute volumes, and to lobule X, which does not present any fast growth during childhood in absolute volumes and shows a slow growth for normalized volumes.
Astrocytes deliver CK1 to neurons via extracellular vesicles in response to inflammation promoting the translation and amyloidogenic processing of APP
Authors: Li Zhigang , Moniruzzaman Mohammed , Dastgheyb Raha M. , Yoo Seung‐Wan , Wang Meina , Hao Hongbo , Liu Jia , Casaccia Patrizia , Nogueras‐Ortiz Carlos , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Slusher Barbara S. , Haughey Norman J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChronic inflammation is thought to contribute to the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise mechanism by which inflammatory cytokines promote the formation and deposition of Aβ remains unclear. Available data suggest that applications of inflammatory cytokines onto isolated neurons do not promote the formation of Aβ, suggesting an indirect mechanism of action. Based on evidence astrocyte derived extracellular vesicles (astrocyte derived EVs) regulate neuronal functions, and data that inflammatory cytokines can modify the molecular cargo of astrocyte derived EVs, we sought to determine if IL‐1β promotes the formation of Aβ indirectly through actions of astrocyte derived EVs on neurons. The production of Aβ was increased when neurons were exposed to astrocyte derived EVs shed in response to IL‐1β (astrocyte derived EV‐IL‐1β). The mechanism for this effect involved an enrichment of Casein kinase 1 (CK1) in astrocyte derived EV‐IL‐1β. This astrocyte derived CK1 was delivered to neurons where it formed a complex with neuronal APC and GSK3 to inhibit the β‐catenin degradation. Stabilized β‐catenin translocated to the nucleus and bound toHnrnpcgene at promoter regions. An increased cellular concentration of hnRNP C promoted the translation of APP by outcompeting the translational repressor fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) bound to APP mRNA. An increased amount of APP protein became co‐localized with BACE1 in enlarged membrane microdomains concurrent with increased production of Aβ. These findings identify a mechanism whereby inflammation promotes the formation of Aβ through the actions of astrocyte derived EV‐IL‐1β on neurons.
Better modulation for risk decision‐making after optimized magnetic stimulation
Authors: Wang Lu , Wu Xingqi , Ji Gong‐Jun , Xiao Guixian , Xu Feifei , Yan Yibing , Wu Yang , Xi Chunhua , Chen Xingui , Wang Kai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTraditional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can only produce a significant but weak effect on the cortex while theta burst stimulation (TBS), a patterned accelerated form of stimulation, can produce a stronger poststimulation effect, which may improve decision‐making abilities. We designed a comparative assessment of the effect of intermittent TBS (iTBS), 20 Hz, in two risk decision‐making tasks on healthy controls. Participants were randomized and assigned to the iTBS (n = 29), 20 Hz (n = 29), or sham (n = 29) groups. The effects of the different methods of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation on risk decision‐making functions were compared based on subjects’ performance in the Game of Dice Task (GDT) and Risky Gains Task (RGT). The main indicators were positive and negative feedback utilization rates of GDT and RGT. Both iTBS and 20 Hz stimulation resulted in significant improvements upon negative feedback in the GDT, with increases in safe options and reductions in risky options; iTBS stimulation increased subjects’ use of positive feedback in the GDT and RGT (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, the iTBS group had a stronger feedback risk reduction effect than the 20 Hz or sham group following RGT negative feedback (p < 0.05). Individuals would integrate positive and negative information more efficiently, leading to them making rational choices after excitatory transcranial magnetic stimulation. Moreover, iTBS has a stronger risk reduction effect following negative feedback than the 20Hz stimulation did. In summary, iTBS might have clinical value in decision promotion.
Im Sauren überdauern
Authors: Vogt Oliver , Ukrainczyk Neven , Koenders Eddie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBei optimaler Rohstoffzusammensetzung sind Geopolymere säurebeständiger als zementgebundene Baustoffe. Damit eignen sie sich als Bindemittel für stark korrosionsbeanspruchte Bauteile. Wie lange diese Bindemittel halten, hängt nicht nur von der für Geopolymere typischen Porosität ab.
Trendbericht Anorganische Chemie: Nebengruppen, Koordinationschemie, Bioanorganik und mehr
Authors: Becker Sabine , Rosca Dragos‐Adrian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHauptgruppen: Beryllium radikalisiert sich, wohingegen das Bor seinen Zauber zeigt und Stickstoff in Ammoniak verwandelt. Silicium nimmt CO auf, und die Pnikogene vereinen sich erstmals alle in einer Verbindung. Nebengruppen und Koordinationschemie: das erste metallbasierte antiaromatische System, kristallisiertes UN2 und der erstmals isolierte kobaltbasierte σ‐Alkan‐Komplex.
Trendbericht Anorganische Chemie: Hauptgruppen
Authors: Sindlinger Christian , Hering‐Junghans Christian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHauptgruppen: Beryllium radikalisiert sich, wohingegen das Bor seinen Zauber zeigt und Stickstoff in Ammoniak verwandelt. Silicium nimmt CO auf, und die Pnikogene vereinen sich erstmals alle in einer Verbindung. Nebengruppen und Koordinationschemie: das erste metallbasierte antiaromatische System, kristallisiertes UN2 und der erstmals isolierte kobaltbasierte σ‐Alkan‐Komplex.
Im Dunkeln schwimmen
Authors: Ziller Birgit , Leusmann Eliza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKünstliche Mikroschwimmer brauchen Energie, um voranzukommen, und nutzen dafür Licht. Eine neue Materialkombination speichert nun die Energie, sodass die Partikel sich auch im Dunkeln fortbewegen.
Verflixt verschachtelt
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDer Boden als funktionierendes Ökosystem ist wichtig für die Landwirtschaft und für natürliche Prozesse wie die Zersetzung von Pflanzenmaterialien und den Kohlenstoffkreislauf. Eine Metastudie zeigt, wie die Biodiversität im Boden eine Schlüsselrolle spielt und wie Schadstoffeinträge wirken.
50 Jahre Mitgliedschaft in der CG/GDCh – wir gratulieren!
Authors: Schreiner Peter R. , Koch Wolfram 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWir gratulieren herzlich unseren Kolleginnen und Kollegen zu ihren Goldenen Jubiläen in der GDCh bzw. zu ihren 50‐jährigen Mitgliedschaften in der Chemischen Gesellschaft der DDR (CG) und nach der Wiedervereinigung in der GDCh:
Improving management of psoriasis patients receiving biological treatment: A qualitative approach
Authors: Trettin Bettina , Feldman Steven , Andersen Flemming , Danbjørg Dorthe B. , Agerskov Hanne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate psoriasis patients’ and healthcare professionals’ experiences and perspectives of follow‐up consultations.DesignA qualitative study with a phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach.MethodParticipant observations of consultations and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with patients receiving biological treatment, together with two focus groups with healthcare professionals, from June 2018–January 2019. Data were analysed using a qualitative structured approach based on Paul Ricoeur's philosophy of interpretation.ResultsConsultations had a strong biomedical and corrective approach focusing on lifestyle behaviour change, measurements and permanent routines. Healthcare professionals felt the need for enhanced competencies providing lifestyle behaviour change support and the possibility of providing patients more specific strategies. They were faced with a dilemma between lacking the right skills and having a professional duty. The frequent follow‐up visits did not fit in with the patients’ everyday lives.
Knowledge-Based Innovations and Social Coordination
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThree themes have been central to my research program: (1) the dynamics of science, tech-nology, and innovation; (2) the scientometric operationalization and measurement of these dynamics; and (3) the Triple Helix (TH) of university-industry-government relations. In this introductory chapter, I relate these three themes first from an autobiographical perspective to (i)) Luhmann’s sociological theory about meaning-processing in communications with (ii) information-theoretical operationalizations of the possible synergies in Triple-Helix relations, and with (iii) anticipation as a selection mechanism in cultural evolutions different from “natural selection.” Interacting selection mechanisms can drive the development of redundancy; that is, options that are available, but have not yet been used. An increasing number of options is crucial for the viability of innovation systems more than is past performance. A calculus of redundancy different from and complementary to information calculus is envisaged.
Cultural and Biological Evolution
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough there is no necessary relation between “big data” and “monism”—the program of reducing cultural and mental processes to computational and biological principles—both these programs reject a dualism between res extensa and res cogitans. Opposing this philosophy of science, I have argued in the above chapter that a second contingency of possible relations and expectations feeds back on the manifest relations. This second contingency cannot be studied from a natural-science or life-sciences perspective, but is the proper domain of the social sciences, where the focus is on what things mean as different from what they are. Next-order selection mechanisms can take evolutionary control. The complexity of the communication evolves against the arrow of time in terms of interacting codes, which generate redundancies and therefore new options. As human beings, we can follow the potentially unintended consequences of the communication dynamics reflexively. Both consciousness and communication are self-organizing and thus resilient against steering.