bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Could Barge LNG Replace FLNG?
Authors: Hernandez Edward Anthony , Highfield Timothy David , Forbes Thomas Gundersen , McLachlan Duncan James 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives / Scope
This paper will look at the technical, strategic and commercial benefits of Barge Liquefied Natural Gas (BLNG) technology in Deepwater and Onshore gas developments.

Methods, Procedures, Process
The majority of the FLNG vessels currently operating are ship-shaped and designed for offshore, over-field locations. However, this approach does not necessarily offer the optimised solution for gas monetisation. Equally where there is an abundant source of onshore gas, onshore liquefaction plants have generally been selected, e.g. US Gulf Coast, this may not be optimum.
An alternative solution in both these situations is BLNG, focused on nearshore positioning with liquefaction facilities mounted on a simple floating or grounded substructure with the balance of the systems (pre-processing, liquids handling, possibly storage etc.) decoupled from the liquefaction technology and in a separate location, such as a Central Processing FPSO in the deepwater or a gas processing facility near the development wells onshore.

Results, Observations & Conclusions
This paper addresses the following benefits of BLNG and why it's becoming an increasingly viable gas monetisation concept.
TechnicalSafety in both the operating and construction phases.This offers a "design one, build many" philosophy enabling a more efficient production line or "factory" approach to fabrication.A multiple module LNG train configuration enables liquefaction to closely and efficiently match gas production rates.Nearshore BLNG may be able to achieve a lower carbon footprint by utilising (a degree of) power from shore
CommercialWith multiple small LNG trains the reduction in export capacity during planned/unplanned shutdowns is limited to only the capacity of a single train.A facility's capacity can easily be increased by additional barges and contractible in late field life, as the field moves off plateau.
StrategicBLNG construction, fabrication and pre-commissioning can be performed in a dedicated yard rather than at a remote site. A controlled environment with an already skilled workforce in place.Potential for separate FLNG storage can be provided in a separate carrier moored alongside and not in the barge hull.BLNG is well suited to stranded gas as the barge is more mobile and amenable to relocating elsewhere for a new gas stream. Decommissioning is simplified, and environmental risks are reduced compared to in-situ decommissioning.
Finally, the paper will address a more certain approach to the selection of a BLNG solution where the optimum gas monetisation solution is identified in the concept phase front-end loading (FEL 1) of a project.

Novel / Additive Information
BLNG allows the disconnection of a deepwater or onshore development from the ‘conventional’ approaches to liquefaction; it offers an alternative to both deepwater FLNG and onshore liquefaction potentially allowing further optimisation in the construction, operations and overall economics of LNG developments.
Innovations in Installation and Pipeline Technology by the Johan Sverdrup Project
Authors: Nilsen-Nygaard Viktor , Hanssen Ståle , Groenewegen Matthijs , Vlaanderen Stef , Apeland Kjell Edvard , Berge Jan Olav , Instanes Frode , Armstrong Michael A. P. 
Published: April 2020

In order to deliver on the ambitious schedule for the Johan Sverdrup development, the operator and the Johan Sverdrup-partners also needed to make some innovative bets on new technology. This paper explores two areas – innovations in installation and pipeline technology – that played a key role in the development of the mega-project.
In particular the decision to qualify and become the world`s first user of the single-lift installation technology developed for the vessel Pioneering Spirit ended up changing the very concept for construction, installation and completion of three of the four topsides that make up the Johan Sverdrup field center in the first phase of the development. The technology – developed by the installation contractor and qualified for first use worldwide by the operator – saved an estimated 2.5 million offshore manhours from the offshore completion phase, which significantly reduced safety risks and helped shave months off the development schedule. The first-ever use of the technology to install topsides took place in June 2018 with the single-lift installation of the drilling platform topsides on the Johan Sverdrup field. And in March 2019, the two remaining topsides weighing a total of 44,000 tonnes were lifted in place in the span of only 3 days, including the heaviest offshore lift ever executed with the installation of the 26,500 tonnes processing platform.
The paper also intends to explore how the same innovative mindset and focus also played a role in introducing new pipeline technology – in particular, the world`s first use of remote-controlled and diver-less hyperbaric welding of the ‘’36 oil export pipeline to the Johan Sverdrup riser platform. The paper also discusses how the project benefited from further industrialization of the hot-tapping technology used for the first time by the operator in 2012 on the Åsgard subsea project, when connecting the Johan Sverdrup gas export pipeline to the ‘live’ Statpipe gas pipeline.
Part 1 of this paper covers single lift installation of topsides, Part 2 covers diver less hyperbaric welding.
Applications of Wireline Formation Testing: A Technology Update
Authors: Partouche Ashers , Yang Bo , Tao Chen , Sawaf Tamim , Xu Lina , Nelson Keith , Chen Hua , Dindial Deo , Edmundson Simon , Pfeiffer Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Wireline formation testing has evolved from discrete pressure measurements, introduced in the 1950s to measuring pressure gradients and fluid contacts since the 1970s. Technology introduced in the late 1980s and onwards added interval pressure transient testing, focused sampling, and downhole fluid analysis. Thirty years later, this paper shows data examples of a recently developed formation testing platform in a wide range of environments, and applications, that change how we plan, acquire, and use formation testing.
The dual-flow-line architecture of the formation testing platform is designed to systematically address shortcomings of legacy technology, enabling focused sampling in the tightest conventional formations, as well as transient testing in high mobility environments. Specialized pre-job planning software evaluates conveyance options to minimize friction and borehole contact, estimates the available flow rate, compares cleanup performance of the different inlets, and simulates transient testing responses. During the operation, the platform uses hardware embedded automation algorithms that execute routine tasks in a consistent and highly efficient manner, leaving more time for the user to focus on data quality and value of the measurements.
Case studies from Mexico, Norway, and the US demonstrate specific improvements in capability and performance. Field data from Mexico shows focused sampling of gas condensate from a heterogeneous submillidarcy carbonate formation in an HP/HT well drilled with oil-based mud. Controlled downhole decompression of crude oil in the flowline at a sampling station in Norway enabled real-time measurement of its bubblepoint pressure to within 6 psi of that measured in the laboratory. Another case study integrates accurate relative asphaltene gradients into an existing reservoir fluid study to prove reservoir connectivity across a large lateral distance in a producing field. Application of the dual packer subsystem demonstrates inflation within four minutes and pure oil samples within 90 minutes on station in a 1.5-md/cp fractured basement formation. The fine pump control at a low rate enabled sampling just below reservoir pressure in Alaska and a case from the Gulf of Mexico demonstrates the real-time impact of fluid properties on the understanding of reservoir architecture and completion design.
The presented examples highlight the impact of downhole automation, define the new operating envelope for formation testing in the most challenging environments, and highlight how the technology development leads to decision making on a broad reservoir scale by providing contextual answers rather than an accumulation of facts and figures.
ARIEL: An Autonomous Robotic System for Oil Spill Detection
Authors: Andreotti Marcelo , Peixoto Alessandro Jacoud , Monteiro João C , Halfeld Ricardo , Azambuja Ignácio , Vargas Lucas , Neves Alex F , Costa Ramon R , Ouvinã Ricardo , Valentim Samuel Simplício , Liporace Jéssica Paula , Norões Higuel Parga de Paiva , Coelho Rafael Botelho Duarte , Joyeux Sylvain , Vasconcelos Thiago Marinho , Vieira Gustavo Andreas , LeMerrer Anthony , Aguirre Rafael Pires 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The development of oil spill detection technologies up until now have converged to the broad use of satellite-based SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar). However, those systems present high amounts of false negatives results (oil spills that are not detected as such) and false positives (any other observation misinterpreted as an oil spill).
In order to address this issue, this research aims to produce an in-situ autonomous system which will perform oil spill monitoring more efficiently than the current methods applied by the Oil & Gas industry. Autonomy is key to reduce the unnecessary deployment of recovery crews at elevated financial cost and human safety risks on the case of false positives. Notably, the developed system is expected to drastically reduce the number of false negatives, enabling proper environmental safety within oil E&P infrastructure.
The proposed autonomous system (called ARIEL) is composed of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV, or autonomous boat) and a Drone (specifically, a multirotor vertical take-off and landing drone). Those subsystems work together to perform a pre-programmed mission given by a human. Both are capable of navigating through a path made of waypoints, limiting a region of interest where oil spill is to be monitored.
The main benefits from the configuration of the system being developed is that it has much lower initial and maintenance costs when compared to current solution. Also, it can be easily deployed as a fleet, scaling its coverage and sweep rate.
Oil detection sensors are to be installed on both the autonomous vessel and drone, providing a double layer solution for eliminating errors. The first oil spill detection layer runs inside the drone, aiming at minimizing the probability of false negatives. This will be done via a visible and thermal camera package. The second layer runs in the USV via a fluorsensor. Firstly, it validates all possible incidents reported by the drone. Secondly, it double-checks all information gathered by the drone to check any oil spill incident that went unnoticed.
Furthermore, the USV is to be equipped with metocean sensors for adding the capability of tracking the oil slick movement and predicting its position in time. Measurements provided by wind and current sensors will be used to guide monitoring missions and can potentially be used to plan recovery operations.
Experimental analysis on both controlled environments (laboratorial and sheltered waters) and operational environment (open waters) are under execution. Not only results on sensory data processing but also the challenges overcome on the joint task of landing a drone on a moving vessel are presented is this work.
Relevance Of SCS&I For Green- And Brown Field Developments - Technology And Applicability
Authors: Thorkildsen Brede Andre , Rudh Mattias , Lopez Audrey , McKenzie Lachlan James , Pasquet Francois-Xavier 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The development of Subsea Chemical Storage & Injection (SCS&I) technology is a continuation of the trend to move more of the hydrocarbon production system subsea. This is driven by a need to make exploitation of remote resources profitable; unlock single-line long tie-backs and subsea to shore architectures, and to enable tie-ins with otherwise constrained topside infrastructure. The SCS&I system is also a significant contributor to the development of "All-Electric" subsea architecture where the umbilical is reduced to a power and communication cable only.
TechnipFMC and Total are collaboratively working together to develop the SCS&I system and advance the technology.
The objectives of SCS&I can generally be divided into three categories: Reduced overall project cost by reducing umbilical cost and minimizing topside requirements (weight, space, modifications)De-bottlenecking of installed and/or damaged topside or subsea infrastructureEnabling injection of chemicals which cannot be transported to injection points via traditional means, for example high viscosity chemicals and/or chemicals with significant risk to personnel during topside handling
Within the wide variations of field architecture, step out distance, age of infrastructure and field depletion characteristics, the opportunities for successful application of SCS&I are huge. However, not every case is a good SCS&I case. End users and system integrators need to be able to identify where the SCS&I technology can make a difference in terms of reduced cost, increased production and/or improved flow assurance. The paper addresses this by illustrating break-even point in terms of step out distance for Green Fields and identifying typical cases where SCS&I can unlock value in Brown Fields.
Measurement of thoracic and lumbar pedicle dimensions in Nigerians using computed tomography
Authors: Badmus Olakunle , Ogbe Patricia , Olowoyeye Omodele A. , Akinsulire Adewole , Omidiji Olubukola 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Pedicle screws are often used to stabilise the spine. They afford the benefit of a three-column control of the spine. The technique of pedicle screw insertion is familiar and has a well-documented safety profile during lumbar and thoracic spinal surgery. However, complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage due to pedicle screw misplacement, neurological irritation and pedicle penetration may occur. Therefore, knowledge of the dimensions of spinal pedicles is necessary for the fixation of pedicular screws to avoid possible complications.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to determine the maximal diameter and axial length of thoracic and lumbar pedicles in a homogenous African population using computed tomography (CT). This would establish normative data on the average size of pedicle screws that would be required during the surgery, hence maximising pull-out strength while reducing the possibility of revision of the pedicle screw placement.

Methods:
It is a retrospective study where the transverse pedicle width, axial pedicle length and sagittal pedicle width of T1–L5 were measured on 100 patients; 50 males, 50 females with normal spinal architecture using a 128-slice Toshiba CT scanner.

Results:
The mean axial length in the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae ranged from 31.76 ± 2.92 mm (T1) to 43.02 ± 3.32 mm (T12) and from 45.07 ± 2.40 mm (L5) to 46.32 ± 2.28 mm (L3), respectively. The mean TPW at the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae ranged from 4.53 ± 0.69 (T4) to 7.78 ± 1.31 mm (T12) and from 6.81 ± 1.25 mm (L1) to 12.95 ± 1.49 mm (L5), respectively. The mean sagittal diameter of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae ranged from 5.78 ± 1.07 mm (T1) to 10.98 ± 1.37 (T12) and from 9.51 ± 1.31 mm (L2) to 9.78 ± 1.61 (L4), respectively.

Conclusion:
The dimensions of thoracic and lumbar pedicles measured in this study vary with those obtained from other populations. This strengthens the case for customising the existing range of spinal pedicle screws according to local population characteristics.
SAKİN ŞEHİR YALVAÇ’IN CİTTASLOW ULUSLARARASI KRİTERLERİ KAPSAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Authors: ÇOLAK Elif Cemre 
Published: April 2020

Küreselleşme hız
ve dönüşüm temeli üzerine tanımlanabilecek bir süreçtir. Küreselleşme sürecinde
gerçekleşen hızlı dönüşüm en derin izlerinden birini de kentler üzerinde
bırakmaktadır. Kent kimliğini oluşturan yerel değerler, kültürler ve doğal
alanlar, küreselleşmenin dönüştürücü etkisi ile kaybolmaktadır. Cittaslow
birliği bu hızlı dönüşüm ve aynılaşma sürecine bir başkaldırı hareketidir. İtalyanca
“citta” ve İngilizce “slow” kelimelerinin birleştilmesi ile oluşan Cittaslow
kavramı Türkçeye Sakin Şehir olarak çevrilmektedir. Temeli 1999 yılında
İtalya’da atılmış olan Cittaslow hareketi, bugün 236 ülkeden yüzlerce şehri
içerisine alan uluslararası bir birliktir.

Çalışmada Cittaslow birliğine 2012 yılında
üye olan Yalvaç’ın Cittaslow uluslararsı kriterleri kapsamında bir
değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın
amacı örneklem alan olarak seçilen Yalvaç’ta, Uluslararası Cittaslow
kriterlerinin ne ölçüde uygulandığının tespit edilmesidir. Çalışmada basılı
kaynakların yanı sıra internet veri tabanı ile Yalvaç Belediyesi arşivinden
yararlanılmıştır. Sahip olduğu tarihi miras ve doğal güzelliklerde göz önünde
bulundurulduğunda Yalvaç’ın Uluslararası Cittaslow kriterlerini önemli ölçüde
sağladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
A.B.D - Çin Ticaret Savaşları ve Türkiye
Authors: KAYA Melek 
Published: April 2020

8 Kasım 2016 yılında Amerika başkanı seçilen
Donald Trump’ın öncelikli meseleleri haksız ticaret faaliyetleri ve göç
konularıydı. Trump, 8 Mart 2018’de yerli üreticileri ve endüstrileri korumak
için Çin’e karşı demir ve çelik ürünlerinde tarifeler uygulayacağını duyurdu.
Çin ile beraber Türkiye’de tarifelere maruz kalan ülkeler arasındaydı. Çin’in
Amerika’ya misillemelerle karşılık vermesi ve misillemelerin karşılıklı
olarak ilerlemesiyle korumacılık kapsamı
bağlamında konan tarifeler Ticaret Savaşları’na sebep oldu. Trump’ın aslında
uluslararası ekonomiden çekilmek anlamına gelmeyen, ihracat için üretim yerine,
yerel pazar için üretim üzerinden ekonomileri yönlendirmek anlamına gelen
tersine küreselleşme (Bello, 2005: 113) bağlamında yerli pazar için korumacı davranması
1930 yılındaki Smoot – Hawley tarifelerinin Amerika için negatif sonuçlarını
hatırlatmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı iki büyük egemen güç (Bergsten, 2018: 13)
arasında başlayan ticaret savaşlarının Türkiye’ye etkisini değerlendirmek ve
gelişmekte olan Türkiye’nin yerel ve uluslararası açıdan verdiği tepkileri
göstermektir. Bu çalışma ticaret
savaşları bağlamında uygulanan korumacılık politikalarının gerekçelerini
ikincil veri kaynaklarını kullanarak inceleyecektir ve Türkiye’nin içinde bulunduğu durumu ve tüm bu
gelişmelere karşı tepkilerini gösterecektir.
KURUMİÇİ SOSYAL PAYDAŞLAR VE KURUMSAL İTİBAR İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: ÖZCAN Hatice , SOLMAZ Başak 
Published: April 2020

Yalnızca kaliteli ve çok çeşitli ürün ve hizmet üretmenin olumlu bir kurumsal itibar için yeterli olmadığı günümüz rekabet koşullarında paydaşları tarafından sevilmek, güvenilmek ve desteklenmek işletmeler için çok daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda işletmeyi etkileyebilecek tüm paydaşlarla tutarlı ve sağlıklı ilişkiler kurulmalı, paydaşların istek ve beklentileri her daim dikkate alınmalıdır. Güçlü bir kurumsal itibara sahip olmak tüm kurumlar için hayati öneme sahiptir. Olumlu bir kurumsal itibara sahip olmak isteyen kurumlar tüm sosyal paydaş gruplarını dikkate almak durumundadırlar. Paydaşlar kurumu bir kimlik unsuru olan ismiyle tanır ve kurumun faaliyetlerini, planlarını ve niyetlerini açıklamak için yaptığı çeşitli sunumlarla hatırlar. Bu sunumları çeşitli şekilde yorumlarlar ve kurumla ilgili imajlar oluştururlar. Paydaşlar nezdinde kurumla ilgili oluşan imajların tümü, kurumun itibarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; kurumsal itibar, kurumsal itibar yönetimi ve sosyal paydaşlar ilişkisi ile ilgili literatür taramasına yer verilmiştir.
A New Metaphysics: Eternal Recurrence and the Univocity of Difference
Authors: Olney Charles 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Friedrich Nietzsche's idea of eternal recurrence has confounded generations of thinkers. This article enters the fray by treating recurrence as an invitation to develop a radically new approach to metaphysics itself. I develop the argument by analyzing the place of recurrence in the work of Heidegger and Deleuze. By framing recurrence as an illustration of Nietzsche's core metaphysical commitment, Heidegger provides the crucial point of entry for this argument. However, while Heidegger regards that return to metaphysics as a weakness, the Deleuzean reading makes clear that it should instead be seen as the final creative possibility. The element of recurrence that makes it the ‘highest formula of affirmation’ is its metaphysics, understood now to be a metaphysics of difference. This reading is essential if we hope to respond to the nihilism of modernity without descending into chaotic despair or defaulting to redemptive violence.
Efficacy and Efficiency in the World of Terry Gilliam’s Brazil
Authors: Hazelrigg Lawrence 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The film Brazil, directed by Terry Gilliam (1985), is usually described as something of absurdist theater. It is also, more implicitly, a conversation about bureaucracy, administrative regulation, and dynamic relations of art vis-à-vis everyday life. This article explores that conversation, drawing in part on Hegel and Max Weber, along with the screenplay of this and other films by Gilliam, guided by the question, “How would one know whether ‘life imitates art’ rather than the reverse?”
Postmodern Neo-Romanticism and The End of History in Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam Trilogy
Authors: Thorpe Charles 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam trilogy addresses the end of history in three senses: the global triumph of capitalism, the end of historicity, and the end of the world. Atwood weaves together these meanings of the end of history, showing how the eternal present of consumerist simulacra is also a trajectory toward ecological and social disaster. However, Atwood’s trilogy is itself symptomatic of this postmodern capitalist condition. Atwood accepts the social and political parameters of the capitalist present, while escaping into a neo-romantic fantasy of post-human primitivism.
Readmission Rates After Hip Fracture: Are There Prefracture Warning Signs for Patients Most at Risk of Readmission?
Authors: Checketts Jake X. , Dai Qingqing , Zhu Lan , Miao Zhuqi , Shepherd Scott , Norris Brent L. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate known and yet unknown risk factors associated with readmission to the hospital within 30 days after hip fracture.

Methods:
In this study, we used the Cerner Health Facts Electronic Health Record database data from January to August 2015. The univariate association of each variable (discharge location, demographic details, and comorbidities) against the 30-day readmission status was evaluated using the Chi-square test or the Fisher exact test. The significant variables (P < 0.05) obtained by the univariate analysis were used to build the multivariate logistic regression model to evaluate the multivariate associations of the variables.

Results:
Thirty-four thousand seven hundred ninety index admissions of 33,740 unique patients were included in the study cohort. The overall 30-day readmission rate for patients with hip fractures was 10.7%. We demonstrated a new variable not discussed in previous articles on this topic: patients with previous inpatient/emergency visits within the past year were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days after the hip fracture surgery (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
For patients with hip fractures, particular efforts should be taken to optimize outcomes in those with recent hospitalizations and/or discharge to a location other than home.