bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POTENSI ENDAPAN EMAS YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN STRUKTUR GEOLOGI DAERAH LIO TIMUR FLORES NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Sunan Huzaely Latief , Pratomo Septyo Uji 
Published: April 2020

Pulau Flores merupakan salah satu pulau di Indonesia yang kaya akan potensi bahan tambang termasuk emas. Secara umum, potensi pertambangan di Pulau Flores cukup besar yang meliputi berbagai jenis galian Golongan A, B dan C. Untuk jenis galian Golongan A (emas), baru merupakan perkiraan karena belum dilakukan penelitian secara seksama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengutahui potensi endapan emas yang berasosiasi dengan struktur geologi. Metode yang digunakan berupa orientasi litologi dan struktur geologi, analisis XRF (<em>X - Ray Fluoroscence) </em>dari sampel RC <em>(Rock Chip)</em> dan SS <em>(Stream Sediment). </em>Hasil pemrosesan data geokimia batuan dari data XRF terdiri dari unsur utama, unsur jejak, dan unsur tanah jarang memperlihatkan prospek mineral logam yang relatif kecil dengan mineral Au yang berkisar antara &lt;0,005-0.011 ppm, yang cukup jauh dari nilai <em>cut off grade</em> Au. Sedangkan dari hasil orientasi litologi dan struktur geologi diduga model mineralisasinya adalah tipe <em>epithermal vein system. </em>Sistem ini dikontrol oleh struktur patahan dan kekar.
Development and Validation of The Modified Falls Efficacy Scale Indonesian Version
Authors: Martha Anastasia Putu , Djoar Raditya Kurniawan 
Published: April 2020

<p><em>Fear of falling causes a decrease quality of life of elderly. Tool for identified fear of falling is Modified FES I adopted from FES I. FES-I needs to be developed because it’s used for people with disabilities so it’s not sensitive to assess fear of falling in elderly. Content validation and internal consistency of tools need to be done. Original instrument was translated into Bahasa by two linguists and health professionals. Translation results were translated back into English by two other translators. After considering language equality, content validity was tested by 7 geriatricians (physiotherapists, lecturers and doctors). 105 elderly (±76 years old) in nursing homes were selected by proportional random sampling. Validity index (CVI) and Cronbach's alpha are used to analyze the questionnaire. Modified FES-I contains 16 items. CVI results was &gt; 0.8 for item level and&gt; 0.9 for the entire questionnaire. Questions 1, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 11 need to be modified according to the culture and conditions in Indonesia and 12 need to be modified because it overlaps with number 11. Internal consistency is very good (0.957). The results showed, Modified FES-I is valid and can be used to measure fear of falling in elderly in Indonesia</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p>
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PREDICT-OBSERVE-EXPLAIN (POE) DAN THINK-TALK-WRITE (TTW) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI DITINJAU DARI KREATIVITAS DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR ANALITIS SISWA
Authors: Yuliansyah Rifad Nurma , Masykuri Mohammad , Karyanto Puguh 
Published: April 2020

<p>Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Populasi adalah semua siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Karangpandan tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Sampel diambil menggunakan <em>cluster random sampling</em> sejumlah 2 kelas. Kelas XI IPA 2 diberi model pembelajaran dengan <em>Predict-Observe-Explain</em> (POE)<em> </em>dan<em> </em>kelas XI IPA 4 diberi model pembelajaran dengan <em>Think-Talk-Write </em>(TTW). Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes untuk hasil belajar siswa dan kemampuan berpikir analitis, angket untuk kreativitas siswa, hipotesis diuji dengan uji anacova. Dari analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) ada pengaruh model <em>Predict-Observe-Explain</em> (POE) dan <em>Think-Talk-Write</em> (TTW) terhadap hasil belajar, 2) ada pengaruh kreativitas tinggi dan rendah terhadap hasil belajar, 3) ada pengaruh kemampuan berpikir analisis tinggi dan rendah terhadap hasil belajar, 4) tidak ada interaksi model pembelajaran <em>Think-Talk-Write </em>(TTW) dan model pembelajaran <em>Predict-Observe-Explain </em>(POE) dengan kreativitas dikategorikan tinggi, rendah terhadap hasil belajar, 5) tidak ada interaksi model pembelajaran <em>Think-Talk-Write </em>(TTW) dan model pembelajaran <em>Predict-Observe-Explain </em>(POE) dengan kemampuan berpikir analitis dikategorikan tinggi, rendah terhadap hasil belajar, 6) ada interaksi kreativitas dan kemampuan berpikir analitis dikategorikan tinggi, rendah terhadap hasil belajar, 7) tidak ada interaksi model pembelajaran <em>Think-Talk-Write</em> (TTW) dan model pembelajaran <em>Predict-Observe-Explain </em>(POE) dengan kretivitas dan kemampuan berpikir analitis dikategorikan tinggi, rendah terhadap hasil belajar.</p>
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL FISIKA BERBASIS LEARNING CYCLE 5E UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR ANALITIS SISWA
Authors: Hannum Farida , Sukarmin Sukarmin , Cari Cari 
Published: April 2020

<p>Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah karena keterbatasan bahan ajar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembelajaran bagi siswa dan guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan karakteristik modul pembelajaran fisika berbasis <em>Learning Cycle </em>5E, (2) mengetahui kelayakan modul, (3) mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan modul terhadap kemampuan berpikir analitis dan hasil belajar siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan <em>Research and Development</em> (R&amp;D) dengan model 4-D yang terdiri dari: (1) <em>define</em>, (2) <em>design</em>, (3) <em>develop</em>, dan (4) <em>disseminate</em>. Materi yang dikembangkan dalam modul adalah Fluida Statis yang diperuntukkan siswa SMA kelas XI IPA. Modul yang dikembangkan divalidasi oleh ahli materi, ahli bahasa, ahli media, <em>reviewer</em>, dan <em>peer review</em>. Modul dikategorikan layak untuk implementasikan. Modul diujicobakan secara terbatas pada 12 siswa di SMA Negeri 2 Ngawi dan diperoleh hasil bahwa modul termasuk dalam kategori “Sangat Baik” menurut siswa. Modul diujicoba dalam skala besar pada siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Ngawi. Data yang diperoleh yaitu data kemampuan berpikir analitis dan hasil belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengembangan disimpulkan bahwa: (1) karakteristik modul fisika yang dikembangkan berupa modul cetak materi fluida statis yang berbasis <em>Learning Cycle </em>5E dengan tahapan <em>engage, explore, explain, elaborate, </em>dan <em>evaluate </em>dengan memunculkan indikator kemampuan berpikir analitis dalam setiap tahapannya yaitu menginterpretasi informasi, menggunakan konsep dalam pemecahan masalah, membuat dan mengevaluasi kesimpulan, serta memberikan alasan setiap jawaban, (2) modul pembelajaran fisika berbasis <em>Learning Cycle </em>5E yang dikembangkan layak karena memenuhi kriteria nilai kelayakan berdasarkan <em>Cut Off Score</em> yaitu sebesar 87,32%, respon guru dalam tahap penyebaran sebesar 84,00% dalam kategori sangat baik, dan hasil angket respon modul oleh siswa sebesar 80,62% dalam kategori sangat baik, (3) modul pembelajaran fisika berbasis <em>Learning Cycle </em>5E efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir analitis serta ketercapaian ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa. Nilai rata-rata kemampuan berpikir analitis siswa sebesar 0,41 yang termasuk kategori “Sedang”. Sedangkan rata-rata ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa sebesar 87,50% meningkat melampaui KKM.</p>
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL IPA TERPADU UNTUK SMP/MTs BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DENGAN TEMA FOTOSINTESIS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Suparno Joko , Sunarno Widha , Ashadi Ashadi 
Published: April 2020

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui karakteristik produk modul IPA terpadu yang berbasis PBL dengan tema fotosintesis, (2) mengetahui kelayakan produk modul IPA terpadu berbasis PBL dengan tema fotosintesis, (3) mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa setelah menggunakan modul IPA terpadu berbasis PBL dengan tema fotosintesis. Penelitian ini merupakan <em>Research</em> and <em>Development</em> (R&amp;D). Pengembangan dilakukan dengan mengacu pada model 4-D dengan tahapan <em>Define, Design, Develop,</em> dan <em>Disseminate</em> yang dikemukakan oleh Thiagarajan. Pengembangan modul ini dinilai berdasarkan kelayakan isi, penyajian, dan bahasa oleh dosen, guru, dan <em>peer review</em>. Berdasarkan validasi kelayakan isi, penyajian, dan bahasa modul kemudian diujicobakan kecil pada 9 siswa. Setelah direvisi, modul diujicobakan ke kelas<sub>.</sub> Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dianalisis dengan uji nonparametrik dua sampel berhubungan dengan uji Wilcoxon menggunakan <em>software</em> PASW <em>Statistic</em> 18. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) modul IPA terpadu berbasis masalah dengan tema fotosintesis dikembangkan menggunakan komponen pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan menggunakan model 4-D meliputi D<em>efine, Design, Develop,</em> dan <em>Disseminate, </em>(2) kelayakan modul IPA terpadu berbasis masalah dengan tema fotosintesis yang dikembangkan berkategori baik berdasarkan penilaian dari ahli, praktisi, dan respon siswa, dan (3) kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran menggunakan modul IPA terpadu berbasis masalah dengan tema fotosintesis mengalami peningkatan (sig.0,000). Besarnya peningkatan dilihat dari <em>gain score</em> pada 4 aspek kemampuan berpikir kritis meliputi aspek kelancaran 0,43 (sedang), aspek keluwesan 0,30 (sedang), aspek keaslian 0.35 (sedang), dan aspek memperinci 0,33 (sedang).</p>
THE CHIRONOMIDS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) OF SHALLOW LAKES OF THE HUMID PAMPA REGION, ARGENTINA: AN APPROACH TO PALEOPRODUCTIVITY RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: MONTES DE OCA FERNANDA , TONELLO MARCELA S. , MASSAFERRO JULIETA , PLASTANI M. SOFIA , LAPRIDA CECILIA 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe Humid Pampa, center-east of Argentina, is the most important socio-economical area of the country. Several shallow lakes have been the focus of many studies due to the significant changes in their trophic status related to human activities and to global warming recorded since the beginning of the twentieth century. Although chironomids have been used extensively in paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental research, they are rarely used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the Pampean shallow lakes. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of the chironmids' community composition and distribution in the Pampa region, and to relate their distribution to selected climatic and limnological variables. The ultimate goal is to retrieve new ecological information for future paleoenvironmental and paleoclimate reconstructions by using chironomid-based inference models. In this study, chironomids head capsules were collected from surface sediments from 17 shallow lakes of the Humid Pampa. Our analyses indicate that the chironomid assemblages reflect the decreasing NE-SW rainfall gradient of the region as well as the land use intensity, which in turn affects the aquatic ecosystems, in terms of lake productivity. Some chironomids are associated with brackish conditions (e.g., Chironomus, Ablabesmyia, Tanytarsini D2). Additionally the occurrence of assemblages of detritivore taxa such as Goeldochironomus, Chironomus, Polypedilum, and Dicrotendipes reflect the natural eutrophic state of Pampean shallow lakes, whereas assemblages mostly dominated by Coelotanypus, Procladius, and Chironomus are indicative of hypertrophic conditions, which are usually the result of human activity. This is the first study of chironomids from surface sediments from the central temperate plains of Argentina, and our records extend the ecological information of the Diptera in temperate areas. Although more studies are necessary to fully understand the main factors determining the chironomid fauna distribution in the Pampa region, we conclude that chironomids are potentially good proxies for paleoproductivity and salinity reconstructions of Pampean shallow lakes.
Feeding the Growing Appetite for Reality-Based Drilling Data
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: April 2020

Drilling still depends on human judgment to solve many problems.
Some of the problems are big: How much volume is flowing out of the well, and how does that compare with how much was pumped in? These are critical measures for well control and efficient drilling.
Other observations are needed to improve the process. How well do the data coming to surface predict the wear on a drill bit?
And some problems are related to niggling details. There are few problems less compelling than coding the steps described in thousands of memos found in the daily drilling reports. But for those searching the reports to identify bits of wasted time, that information can be crucial.
This article discusses three innovations aimed at improving the data flows.
In Search of a Flowmeter That Is Sensitive but Tough
Drillers live with a worrisome question: How much fluid is actually flowing out of the well compared to what flowed in?
A growing rise in the fluid flowing out can signal a dangerous gas influx, increasing the volume of the outflow.
Accurate measures are needed to create a condition-monitoring system allowing a driller to more accurately assess what is coming out and to distinguish changes that are warnings signs from routine fluctuations during drilling, such as turning mud pumps off and on.
Eric Cayeux, chief scientist for the Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), is working on filling a need for a “quantitative” measurement of the flow rate out of the well that is not influenced by mud mixing and treatment activities.”
The widely used tool he wants to replace is a paddle that moves up and down based on the flow rate—seemingly a low bar to clear.
Cayeux describes paddles as “a very crude instrument which can only be used to give a gross indication of the flow rate” in a paper about his work at the NORCE (SPE 199661).
However, sometimes the indications are misleading. Paddles can get stuck when mud clogs the hinges. A change in the level may be due to a change in fluid properties rather than flow rate.
Fluid levels in return tanks are a measurable indication of the difference between flow in and out, but fluid transfers among mud pits can complicate the calculations, as can measuring fluid levels on moving offshore platforms.
On the input side, counting pump strokes offers a measure of how much fluid is pumped into the well, but the volume depends on pump efficiency, which drilling experts say varies.
There is one direct measurement tool for flow that offers quantitative results—a Coriolis mass flowmeter. It can directly measure the flow, but must be fully filled to work and requires a location below the flowline. Such a location can be hard to find, and particle buildups inside the flowmeter can lead to misleading results.
Improved Drilling Efficiencies Using Offline Cementing Saves Time, Reduces Costs
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: April 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 196600, “Improved Drilling Efficiencies Using Offline Cementing Saves Days on Well and Reduces Costs,” by Samuel Van Meter, SPE, and Kristin Kutchak, SPE, Halliburton, and Habib Guerrero, SPE, Inflection Energy, prepared for the 2019 SPE Eastern Regional Meeting, Charleston, West Virginia, 15–17 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Drilling in the Appalachian Basin in Pennsylvania has evolved since its inception. Operators have shifted their focus from mere wellbore delivery to delivering wells in the shortest amount of time to reduce risks and costs and drive efficiency. The complete paper presents a case study in which offline cementing improved operational efficiency by reducing drilling times and provided significant cost savings.
Introduction
For decades, the focus during drilling operations has been on achieving faster rate of penetration (ROP) and drilling time to reduce well costs. However, the significance of ROP improvement accounts for less than 25% of the full well-construction cycle. Many areas with possible efficiency gains have yet to be explored within the cycle.
When an operator began making plans to switch from traditional drilling (top-down drilling of surface through production sections, per well) to batch-set drilling (drilling all surface sections, followed by all intermediate sections, then all production sections), the service company proposed the offline cementing method as a cost-saving and efficiency-conscious measure.
Theory and Definitions
The concept of offline cementing itself is quite simple: The openhole section is drilled, and casing is run to total measured depth and hung in the wellhead. Then, the rig skids to the next well, begins rigging up, and drills the next openhole section. While the rig is preparing on the next well, the cement-service provider can perform operations on the previously drilled or cased well section.
Risks with this type of operation were assessed during pre-job planning. Multiple risk assessments were conducted on location before the onset of operations, and a job-site analysis (JSA) was also completed.
Pennsylvania state regulations dictate that, on surface and intermediate strings, cement must reach a compressive strength of 350 psi and a minimum static time of 8 hours before moving forward with operations after the primary operation. Because of this wait time, off-line cementing is ideal. Operators can skid the rig, leaving the cemented pipe to cure while rigging up on the next well. This helps increase efficiency by minimizing the nonproductive time (NPT) incurred during the 8-hour wait time.
Homoeolog expression bias and expression level dominance (ELD) in four tissues of natural allotetraploid Brassica napus
Authors: Li Mengdi , Wang Ruihua , Wu Xiaoming , Wang Jianbo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Allopolyploidy is widespread in angiosperms, and they can coordinate two or more different genomes through genetic and epigenetic modifications to exhibit stronger vigor and adaptability. To explore the changes in homologous gene expression patterns in the natural allotetraploid Brassica napus (AnAnCnCn) relative to its two diploid progenitors, B. rapa (ArAr) and B. oleracea (CoCo), after approximately 7,500 years of domestication, the global gene pair expression patterns in four major tissues (stems, leaves, flowers and siliques) of these three species were analyzed using an RNA sequencing approach.Results: The results showed that the ‘transcriptomic shock’ phenomenon was alleviated in natural B. napus after approximately 7,500 years of natural domestication, and most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in B. napus were downregulated relative to those in its two diploid progenitors. The KEGG analysis indicated that three pathways related to photosynthesis were enriched in both comparison groups (AnAnCnCn vs ArAr and AnAnCnCn vs CoCo), and these pathways were all downregulated in four tissues of B. napus. In addition, homoeolog expression bias and expression level dominance (ELD) in B. napus were thoroughly studied through analysis of expression levels of 27609 B. rapa-B. oleracea orthologous gene pairs. The overwhelming majority of gene pairs (an average of 86.7%) in B. napus maintained their expression pattern in two diploid progenitors, and approximately 78.1% of the gene pairs showed expression bias with a preference toward the A subgenome. Overall, an average of 48%, 29.7% and 22.3% homologous gene pairs exhibited additive expression, ELD and transgressive expression in B. napus, respectively. The ELD bias varies from tissue to tissue; specifically, more gene pairs in stems and siliques showed ELD-A, whereas the opposite was observed in leaves and flowers. More transgressive upregulation, rather than downregulation, was observed in gene pairs of B. napus.Conclusions: In general, these results may provide a comprehensive understanding of the changes in homologous gene expression patterns in natural B. napus after approximately 7,500 years of evolution and domestication and may enhance our understanding of allopolyploidy.
Early warning score validation methodologies and performance metrics: A systematic review
Authors: Fang Hao Sen Andrew , Lim Wan Tin , Tharmmambal Balakrishnan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Early warning scores (EWS) have been developed as clinical prognostication tools to identify acutely deteriorating patients. With recent advancements in machine learning, there has been a proliferation of studies that describe the development and validation of novel EWS. Systematic reviews of published studies which focus on evaluating performance of both well-established and novel EWS have shown conflicting conclusions. A possible reason for this is the lack of consistency in the validation methods used. In this review, we aim to examine the methodologies and performance metrics used in studies which describe EWS validation. Methods A systematic review of all eligible studies in the MEDLINE database from inception to 22-Feb-2019 was performed. Studies were eligible if they performed validation on at least one EWS and reported associations between EWS scores and mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) transfers, or cardiac arrest (CA) of adults within the inpatient setting. Two reviewers independently did a full-text review and performed data abstraction by using standardized data-worksheet based on the TRIPOD (Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis) checklist. Meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity. Results The key differences in validation methodologies identified were (1) validation population characteristics, (2) outcomes of interest, (3) case definition, intended time of use and aggregation methods, and (4) handling of missing values in the validation dataset. In terms of case definition, among the 34 eligible studies, 22 used the patient episode case definition while 10 used the observation set case definition, and 2 did the validation using both case definitions. Of those that used the patient episode case definition, 11 studies used a single point of time score to validate the EWS, most of which used the first recorded observation. There were also more than 10 different performance metrics reported among the studies. Conclusions Methodologies and performance metrics used in studies performing validation on EWS were not consistent hence making it difficult to interpret and compare EWS performance. Standardizing EWS validation methodology and reporting can potentially address this issue.
The potential of the incorporated collagen microspheres in alginate hydrogel as an engineered three-dimensional microenvironment to attenuate apoptosis in human pancreatic islets
Authors: Kaviani Maryam , Keshtkar Somayeh , Sarvestani Fatemeh Sabet , Azarpira Negar , Yaghobi Ramin , Aghdaei Mahdokht Hossein , Geramizadeh Bita , Esfandiari Elaheh , Shamsaeefar Alireza , Nikeghbalian Saman , Al-Abdullah Ismail H. , Karimi Mohammad Hossein , Motazedian Nasrin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Tissue engineering is considered as a promising tool for remodeling the native cells microenvironment. In the present study, the effect of alginate hydrogel and collagen microspheres integrated with extracellular matrix components were evaluated in the decrement of apoptosis in human pancreatic islets. Methods: For three dimensional culture, the islets were encapsulated in collagen microspheres, containing laminin and collagen IV and embedded in alginate scaffold for one week. After that the islets were examined in terms of viability, apoptosis, genes and proteins expression including BAX, BCL2, active caspase-3, and insulin. Moreover, the islets function was evaluated through glucose-induced insulin and C-peptide secretion assay. In order to evaluate the structure of the scaffolds and the morphology of the pancreatic islets in three-dimensional microenvironments, we performed scanning electron microscopy. Results: Our findings showed that the designed hydrogel scaffolds significantly improved the islets viability using the reduction of activated caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cells. Conclusion: The reconstruction of the destructed matrix with alginate hydrogels and collagen microspheres might be an effective step to promote the culture of the islets.