bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p-Nonylphenol Impairment of Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells was Found to be Due to Oxidative Stress and Down-Regulation of RUNX2> and BMP
Authors: Hussein Abnosi M. , Sina Masoomi 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:Previously, it was found that the para-nonylphenol (p-NP) impairs the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs); thus the aim of the present study was to evaluate the mechanism of the impairment.Methods:rBMSCs after 3rd passage cultured in osteogenic media in the presence of 0, 0.5 and 2.5 μM p-NP for 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. The study investigated the viability of the cells using MTT assays. The mineralization was studied using Alizarin red quantification analysis. Using a flame-photometer, the electrolytes (sodium and potassium) were measured, and the level of calcium as well as ALT, AST, ALP and LDH was determined by commercial kits. The level of total-antioxidant, MDA and the activity of SOD and CAT were estimated with the help of a spectrophotometer. Gene expression was studied using rt-PCR.Results:The p-NP treatment of osteogenic differentiated MSCs showed intracellular electrolyte imbalance and variation of cellular metabolism. In addition, we observed oxidative stress due to the reduction of total antioxidant capacity and the imbalance of antioxidant enzymes activity. Investigating the genes involved in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs to osteoblast showed that the 2.5 μM of p-NP reduced the expression of the ALP, SMAD, BMP and RUNX2 genes.Conclusion:The study concludes that this pollutant via influencing the genomics and metabolic imbalance, as well as oxidative induction, caused a reduction of mineralization and differentiation of MSCs. This environmental pollutant might cause osteoporosis, which necessitates raising public awareness, especially to those who live in the industrial area to prevent its drastic effect.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Plasma Circulating Exosomes Obtained from Normal-Weight and Obese Subjects on Hepatocytes
Authors: Afrisham Reza , Sadegh-Nejadi Sahar , Meshkani Reza , Emamgholipour Solaleh , Bagherieh Molood , Paknejad Maliheh 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
Obesity is a disorder with low-grade chronic inflammation that plays a key
role in hepatic inflammation and steatosis. Moreover, there are studies to support the role of exosomes
in cellular communications, the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and immunomodulatory activity.
Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the influence of plasma circulating exosomes derived from females
with normal-weight and obesity on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in human liver cells.

Methods:
Plasma circulating exosomes were isolated from four normal (N-Exo) and four obese (OExo)
women. The exosomes were characterized and approved for CD63 expression (common exosomal
protein marker) and morphology/size using the western blot and TEM methods, respectively. The
exosomes were used for the stimulation of HepG2 cells in vitro. After 24 h of incubation, the protein
levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were measured in the culture supernatant of HepG2 cells using the
ELISA kit.

Results:
The protein levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cells treated with O-Exo and N-Exo reduced significantly
in comparison with the control group (P=0.039 and P<0.001 respectively), while significant
differences were not found between normal and obese groups (P=0.808, and P=0.978 respectively).
However, no significant differences were found among the three groups in terms of IL-1β levels
(P=0.069). Based on the correlation analysis, the protein levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with
TNF-α (r 0.978, P<0.001).

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that plasma circulating exosomes have probably antiinflammatory
properties independent of body mass index and may decrease the secretion of inflammatory
cytokines in the liver. However, further in vitro and in vivo investigations are needed to address
the anti-inflammatory function of N-Exo and O-Exo in human liver cells and/or other cells.
Eucommia Leaf Extract Induces BDNF Production in Rat Hypothalamus and Enhances Lipid Metabolism and Aerobic Glycolysis in Rat Liver
Authors: Oikawa Hirotaka , Miyazaki Shouhei , Kurata Rina , Hattori Mutsumi , Hayashi Noriko , Kawaguchi Nami , Hirata Tetsuya , Ueda Taro , Fujikawa Takahiko 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Mutations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and its receptor, tyrosine receptor kinase B
(TrkB), have been reported to cause severe obesity in rodents. Our previous study demonstrated that the oral administration of 5%
Eucommia leaf extract (ELE) or ELE aroma treatment (ELE aroma) produced anti-obesity effects.

Objective:
In this study, we investigated the effects of ELE on glycolysis and lipid metabolism in male Sprague–Dawley rats, as well
as the effects of ELE on BDNF in rat hypothalamus.

Methods and Results:
A significant reduction and a reduction tendency in the respiratory quotient were observed in association with
5% ELE and ELE aroma treatment, respectively. Furthermore, RT-qPCR results showed significant increases in Cpt2, Acad, Complex
II, and Complex V mRNA levels in the liver with both treatments. In addition, in rat hypothalamus, significant elevations in BDNF,
Akt, PLCγ proteins and CREB phosphorylation were observed in the 5% ELE group and the ELE aroma group. Furthermore, Ras
protein was significantly increased in the ELE aroma group. On the other hand, significant dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 was
observed by the western blotting in the 5% ELE group and the ELE aroma group.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that the ELE treatment enhances the lipid metabolism and increases the aerobic glycolytic
pathway, while ELE-induced BDNF may affect such energy regulation. Therefore, ELE has the possibility to control metabolic
syndrome.
A High Performance of Induction Motor Drive System
Authors: Shen Cuifeng , Yang Hanhua 
Published: May 2020

Background:
A multi-motor synchronous drive control system is widely used in many
fields, such as electric vehicle drive, paper making, and printing.

Methods:
On the basis of the optimized structure of ADRC, a fuzzy first-order active disturbance
rejection controller was developed. Double channels compensation of extended state observer was
employed to estimate and compensate the total disturbances, and an approximate linearization and
deterministic system was obtained. As the parameters of ADRC are adjusted online by a fuzzy controller,
the performance of the controller is effectively improved.

Results:
Based on the SIMATIC S7-300 induction motor control experimental platform, the performances
of anti-interference and tracking performance are tested.

Conclusion:
The actual experimental results indicated that compared with PID control, induction
motor drive system controlled by fuzzy ADRC has higher dynamic and static status and following
performances and stronger anti-interference abilities.
COVID-19-Related Web Search Behaviors and Infodemic Attitudes in Italy: Infodemiological Study
Authors: Rovetta Alessandro , Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundSince the beginning of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, fake news and misleading information have circulated worldwide, which can profoundly affect public health communication.ObjectiveWe investigated online search behavior related to the COVID-19 outbreak and the attitudes of “infodemic monikers” (ie, erroneous information that gives rise to interpretative mistakes, fake news, episodes of racism, etc) circulating in Italy.MethodsBy using Google Trends to explore the internet search activity related to COVID-19 from January to March 2020, article titles from the most read newspapers and government websites were mined to investigate the attitudes of infodemic monikers circulating across various regions and cities in Italy. Search volume values and average peak comparison (APC) values were used to analyze the results.ResultsKeywords such as “novel coronavirus,” “China coronavirus,” “COVID-19,” “2019-nCOV,” and “SARS-COV-2” were the top infodemic and scientific COVID-19 terms trending in Italy. The top five searches related to health were “face masks,” “amuchina” (disinfectant), “symptoms of the novel coronavirus,” “health bulletin,” and “vaccines for coronavirus.” The regions of Umbria and Basilicata recorded a high number of infodemic monikers (APC weighted total >140). Misinformation was widely circulated in the Campania region, and racism-related information was widespread in Umbria and Basilicata. These monikers were frequently searched (APC weighted total >100) in more than 10 major cities in Italy, including Rome.ConclusionsWe identified a growing regional and population-level interest in COVID-19 in Italy. The majority of searches were related to amuchina, face masks, health bulletins, and COVID-19 symptoms. Since a large number of infodemic monikers were observed across Italy, we recommend that health agencies use Google Trends to predict human behavior as well as to manage misinformation circulation in Italy.
Willingness to Share Wearable Device Data for Research Among Mechanical Turk Workers: Web-Based Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Taylor Casey Overby , Flaks-Manov Natalie , Ramesh Shankar , Choe Eun Kyoung 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Wearable devices that are used for observational research and clinical trials hold promise for collecting data from study participants in a convenient, scalable way that is more likely to reach a broad and diverse population than traditional research approaches. Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a potential resource that researchers can use to recruit individuals into studies that use data from wearable devices.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of wearable device users on MTurk that are associated with a willingness to share wearable device data for research. We also aimed to determine whether compensation was a factor that influenced the willingness to share such data.

METHODS

This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey study of MTurk workers who use wearable devices for health monitoring. A 19-question web-based survey was administered from March 1 to April 5, 2018, to participants aged ≥18 years by using the MTurk platform. In order to identify characteristics that were associated with a willingness to share wearable device data, we performed logistic regression and decision tree analyses.

RESULTS

A total of 935 MTurk workers who use wearable devices completed the survey. The majority of respondents indicated a willingness to share their wearable device data (615/935, 65.8%), and the majority of these respondents were willing to share their data if they received compensation (518/615, 84.2%). The findings from our logistic regression analyses indicated that Indian nationality (odds ratio [OR] 2.74, 95% CI 1.48-4.01, <i>P</i>=.007), higher annual income (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.26-3.67, <i>P</i>=.02), over 6 months of using a wearable device (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.21-2.29, <i>P</i>=.006), and the use of heartbeat and pulse tracking monitoring devices (OR 1.60, 95% CI 0.14-2.07, <i>P</i>=.01) are significant parameters that influence the willingness to share data. The only factor associated with a willingness to share data if compensation is provided was Indian nationality (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.24-0.9, <i>P</i>=.02). The findings from our decision tree analyses indicated that the three leading parameters associated with a willingness to share data were the duration of wearable device use, nationality, and income.

CONCLUSIONS

Most wearable device users indicated a willingness to share their data for research use (with or without compensation; 615/935, 65.8%). The probability of having a willingness to share these data was higher among individuals who had used a wearable for more than 6 months, were of Indian nationality, or were of American (United States of America) nationality and had an annual income of more than US $20,000. Individuals of Indian nationality who were willing to share their data expected compensation significantly less often than individuals of American nationality (<i>P</i>=.02).
“Paradoja de la doble amenaza”: una aproximación teórica al apoyo de las políticas antiterroristas
Authors: Serrano Sanz Adrián 
Published: May 2020

<p><span class="fontstyle0">A raíz de los ataques en París ocurridos en 2015, se ha reactivado en Europa el debate sobre la relación entre la seguridad y la libertad. Sin embargo, es necesario abordar dicho debate cuestionando la aceptación, por parte de la ciudadanía, de la restricción de sus libertades ensituaciones de excepcionalidad política. En este artículo se desarrolla una aproximación teórica a la aprobación de las restricciones a través de la “paradoja de la doble amenaza”, describiendo dicho proceso de aceptación mediante la integración en un modelo unitario del efecto </span><em><span class="fontstyle2">rally ‘round the flag</span></em><span class="fontstyle0">, la teoría de la reactancia psicológica y la reorganización de las disposiciones motivacionales individuales que generarían dicha aceptación, facilitando el surgimiento y mantenimiento de sistemas políticos basados en la seguridad.</span> <br /><br /></p>
El enfoque de la movilización legal en el estudio de los movimientos sociales
Authors: Tavera Fenollosa Ligia 
Published: May 2020

<span class="fontstyle0">El propósito de este texto ha sido proporcionar al lector una cartografía teórica mínima sobre el enfoque de la movilización legal en el estudio de los movimientos sociales, que contribuya a una mejor y más fructífera navegación a través de los estudios de caso presentados en este </span><em><span class="fontstyle2">dossier</span></em><span class="fontstyle0">.</span> <br /><br />
Preparasi dan Karakterisasi Mikroenkapsulasi Asam Mefenamat Menggunakan Polimer Kitosan dan Natrium Alginat dengan Metode Gelasi Ionik
Authors: Mardikasari Sandra Aulia 
Published: May 2020

Mefenamic acid belongs to a class of the Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs that work as an analgesic. But mefenamic acid can cause gastrointestinal disorders, has unpleasant odors and tastes and sensitive to the influence of light and temperature. Microencapsulation technology is a technique where the active substance is coated by a thin layer so that the active substance is protected from environmental influences. The aim of this research was to formulate and characterize mefenamic acid in the form of microencapsulation using ionic gelation methods. Preparation was done by comparing 3 variations of concentrations of sodium alginate polymers. Success parameters include the entrapment efficiency, particle shape, particle size distribution, and dissolution test. The results showed that the entrapment efficiency respectively 98,69%, 96,38% and 93,98%, with spherical shape, and particle size that fulfilled the microencapsulation size range of 1,268 μm, 1,343 μm and 1.386 μm and the release of the active ingredients in an acidic medium of pH 1.2 was 8.811 mg/L, 6.751 mg/L and 5.965 mg/L, also on a base medium of pH 7.4 was 79.908 mg/L, 63.394 mg/L and 40,312 mg/L. So that microencapsulation of mefenamic acid can be prepared with polymer chitosan and sodium alginate using the ionic gelation method.
ASEAN Class Program di MTs. Muhammadiyah 1 Malang
Authors: Rijal Najamuddin Khairur , Prasodjo Haryo , Prinanda Devita 
Published: May 2020

This program is aimed to providing knowledge to students of MTs. Muhammadiyah 1 Malang about ASEAN and ASEAN Community. This is based on the lack of information for students about ASEAN because of the limitations of learning materials and information about ASEAN is only as a sub-subject. In addition, the school sees the importance of international insight to realize the vision of Elegant Morally, Excellent Intelectually. Therefore, through the ASEAN Class Program, there are activities such as the introduction of ASEAN and ASEAN community, sharing culture with Thai students, and sharing experiences and motivation with students who have international experience. The methods of activities include lectures, sharing, and discussion as well as pre-test and post-test. The result shows that there is an increased knowledge and understanding of participants about ASEAN and ASEAN Community and misinformation about ASEAN member countries and the ASEAN Community pillar can be corrected.
PERBANDINGAN EKUITAS MEREK PRODUK NATASHA SKINCARE DENGAN ERHA SKINCARE
Authors: Hasanah Erina Mauidhatul , Santoso Budi , Hermawan Haris 
Published: May 2020

Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara Ekuitas merek Natasha Skincare dengan Erha Skincare pada konsumen pengguna Natasha Skincare dengan Erha Skincare di Jember. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur ekuitas merek menggunakan 4 dimensi yaitu, Kesadaran Merek, Asosiasi Merek, Persepsi Kualitas, dan Loyalitas Merek. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 80 Responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan penyebaran kuisioner. Metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, Uji beda T-test. Hasil dari penelitian dari empat variabel ekuitas merek terdapat perbedaan.
Um olhar sobre as questões étnicas-raciais nas enunciações sobre a história da Matemática apresentadas pelos livros didáticos de Matemática do Ensino Médio aprovados pelo PNLD 2018
Authors: Manoel Alan , Coradetti Camila 
Published: May 2020

O presente texto é constituído de estudos realizados no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (PPGEdumat/UFMS) e se inscreve na linha de pesquisa “Currículo e Educação Matemática”. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e analisar discursos mobilizados na abordagem feita, acerca da História dos Conjuntos, contidas nos livros didáticos do Ensino Médio, aprovados no PLND 2018. Para alcançar esse objetivo foram utilizadas as contribuições teóricas da análise do discurso na perspectiva foucaultiana e as contribuições de cultura, identidade e representação de Stuart Hall. Nas análises foram observados um currículo de Matemática, enquanto campo político, que, ao apresentar determinadas representações sobre a história da Matemática, provoca o apagamento de questões étnicos-raciais, principalmente aquelas relacionadas à cultura popular negra, por meio de uma hegemonização da cultura ocidental, a partir de seus feitos históricos, em contexto científicos e áreas afins.
Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática. Currículo. Análise do discurso. Cultura. Representação.
Mathematical models for the estimation of leaf chlorophyll content based on RGB colours of contact imaging with smartphones: A pomegranate example
Authors: Özreçberoğlu Nurdan , Kahramanoğlu İbrahim 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model for the non-destructive, fast estimation of the leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content of pomegranate trees. For this reason, contact images of the leaf samples were firstly captured with smartphones and the RGB colours of the images were used for the estimation of the leaf Chl contents. Here, different methods were used for the contact imaging. In the present study, two closed boxes with a small hole (equal to the dimensions of a smartphone camera) on each were formed. Samples were inserted into the hole; and a red LED light and white LED light, separately, were passed through the hole and the leaf. Furthermore, a series of models were tested to best estimate the leaf chlorophyll content of the pomegranate trees by using the RGB colours of contact imaging. Results showed that the use of red LED light sources, instead of white LED light sources, during contact imaging, provides a better estimation of the leaf Chl content. Results also suggest that colour values are highly related to the total weight of the contact imaging area. According to the results obtained, the best estimation of the leaf Chl content (of a given area) is possible by using both the G and B colour values with multiple regression models. It is also found to be important to use the weight of the sampled area for the estimation of the leaf chlorophyll content in mg ∙ g−1.
Crowd Innovation: The Philosopher’s Stone, a Silver Bullet, or Pandora’s Box?
Authors: Matzler Kurt 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
All kinds of organizations have tapped into crowds to find individuals who can help them solve problems and develop innovations. Crowdsourcing makes it possible to attract a highly diverse audience that approaches innovation challenges from new angles. To develop groundbreaking innovations, companies are after exceptional ideas – and those are more likely to be found in large crowds rather than small internal groups. Furthermore, participants in crowd projects select the challenges they are really interested in themselves, due to which their motivation and engagement levels tend to be high. In collaborative crowdsourcing projects, new and better ideas can emerge when crowds share information freely, build on other ideas and are able to accumulate and recombine different concepts.
Despite these advantages there are risks: costs and effort might be underestimated, or organizations might fail to control their crowds. And the crowd can sometimes also be wrong. Managers need to carefully analyze which solutions they seek and whether their problems can be solved through crowdsourcing. Not all innovation needs are suitable for open innovation, but crowdsourcing can have remarkable success if applied wisely to the right challenges.
Strategies for Leveraging Crowds
Authors: Dahlander Linus , Piezunka Henning 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Crowds can be very effective, but that is not always the case. To actually render the usage of crowds effective, several factors need to be aligned: crowd composition, the right question at the right time, and the right analytic method applied to the responses. Specific skills are mandatory to tap into the creativity of a crowd, harness it effectively and transform it into offers that markets value.
The “DBAS” framework is recommended to successfully implement a crowd project. It consists of four stages, and in each phase some key questions need to be addressed. Each decision along the DBAS pathway matters and how you navigate each stage can either reinforce or undermine decisions made at the other stages. The right degree of innovativeness, listening to contributors and informing participants openly about the fate of rejected ideas are key success factors that require special attention. To continually improve the odds of success, crowdsourcing should best be treated as a continual iterative churn.
Open Strategy: The Inclusion of Crowds in Making Strategies
Authors: Stadler Christian , Hautz Julia , von den Eichen Stephan Friedrich 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
While innovation contests have become very popular, the inclusion of crowds in the strategy process is less common. Some recent implementations are blogging, wikis, jams, ideation contests and community platforms or prediction markets. The most common goal of using crowds in strategy is to generate novel and unconventional ideas concerning a company’s strategic direction. Also, increasing internal participation and including employees on a larger scale can improve the implementation of a strategy. Other organizations state that by including a broader set of stakeholders, they can make the strategy formation process more transparent and comprehensible to the general public or their customers, which makes them able to increase external acceptance. On the other hand, the inclusion of larger audiences increases complexity, and involving employees makes it more difficult for managers to remain in control. Projects need to be well-conceived, well-planned and well-funded. Organizations need to remain flexible, learn from experiences and be ready to adjust tools and activities whenever necessary.