bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospects of biomass wood wastes as natural dye stuffs for batik clothes and other woven fabrics
Authors: Saefudin  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The undertaking of abundantly biomass wastes generated from forest-related timber industries, e.g. wood slabs, bark, leaves, sawdust, and other waste form is still limited. Attempts are necessary to utilize those wastes into useful renewable products for example natural dyes for batik cloths and woven fabrics, which implement environmentally friendly technologies. Relevantly, this scrutiny aims to elaborate on the exploration, processing, and utilization of those wastes into natural, easily produced, and applicable dyestuffs. Biomass wastes are converted into dyes in liquid, paste, and powder forms. Dye production commences with a chemical investigation of biomass wastes in those three forms. All wastes were sorted, dried, grinded, and extracted. The resulting dyes, before being applied to the batik cloth and other woven fabrics, were fixed using inorganic chemicals, e.g. lime (CaCO3), alum (Na2Al2O4), and ferro-sulphate (FeSO4) to strengthen the color. These results are applicable as basic as well as complimentary colors for batik cloths and weaving yarns. Expectedly, in qualities, the dye products could compete with or even partially substitute the imported synthetic pigments. The positive impact is this technology could improve economic welfares of forest-surrounding communities.
Application of pulp and paper sludge compost on Anthocephalus cadamba seedlings in ultisol and peat media
Authors: Wahyuningsih S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Pulp and paper sludge contains cellulose which has a possitive potential as compost material. This study aims to examine responses of jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) seedlings planted in Ultisol and peat media with addition of pulp and paper sludge compost. Before composting, the sludge was air drained to reduce water content from 80.92% to around 60-70%. Bio decomposers consist of a combination of P. citrinum and P. oxalicum with a density of 107 ml/spores were inoculated to the sludge and incubated for six months. Compost of sludge was added to grow media (ultisol and peat) with doses equal with 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 (ton/ha). Control treatment consists of fertile soil as a negative control, and Ultisol and peat soil with chicken manure compost addition as a positive control. Seedlings height and diameter measurement were held for six months. Both in ultisol and peat media, the addition of chicken manure compost was better in raising seedlings height and diameter. However, the sludge compost addition in peat media was better in raising the seedlings biomass than those added with the chicken manure compost.
Antioxidant activities of red jabon (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) ethanol extract
Authors: Prananta Y E , Rakhman K A , Saleh J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Red jabon bark extract has been traditionaly used as anti-inflammatory drug for pregnant women, headache and fever medications, as well as stamina enhancer by native people of North Maluku. This study primarily aims to evaluate antioxidant activity of red jabon (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) bark using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhydrazyl). Result of this study shows that consentration level of IC50 ethanol extracted red Jabon bark is about 2.545 ppm, indicating low antioxidant activity.
Anatomical traits of Cryptomeria japonica tree rings studied by wavelet convolutional neural network
Authors: Nakajima T , Kobayashi K , Sugiyama J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Tree ring analysis is an important field of science, and is vital in modeling the environmental response system of tree growth. In most cases, analyses have been conducted using one parameter from one tree ring, e.g., ring-width, density, or ratio of stable isotopes. The information within a ring, however, has been less studied, although it offers many more possibilities for investigation, such as seasonal responses over shorter time scales. Therefore, to elucidate the sub-seasonal climatic response of softwood (Cryptomeria japonica), we investigate the use of a wavelet–convolutional neural network (CNN) model, which incorporates spectral information that is normally lost in conventional CNN models. This paper highlights the usefulness of the wavelet-CNN for classifying cross-sectional optical micrographs and extracting structural information specific to a calendar year. Class activation maps indicate that the dimension and position of cells in a radial file are likely to be discriminative features for the wavelet-CNN. This study shows that wavelet-CNNs have the potential to be highly effective methods for dendrochronology.
Evaluation of a model using local features and a codebook for wood identification
Authors: Hwang SW , Kobayashi K , Sugiyama J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We designed a model for wood identification based on scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) descriptors and a codebook. A dataset consisting of cross-sectional optical micrographs of the Lauraceae family including 39 species was used for identification. The bagof-features (BOF) model was superior to the model combined SIFT descriptors with a classifier. Among the four classifiers applied to both models, the support vector machine (SVM) achieved the best identification performance with 99.4% accuracy. From the feature importance calculated by the random forests and the inverse document frequency (IDF) score, it was also confirmed that cell corner-based features are more informative for the identification of Lauraceae. In particular, cell corners in vessels are not only important for species identification, but also reveal that they are species-specific features. The computer vision-based model was suitable for Lauraceae identification and enabled the quantification of anatomical structures that are not possible with conventional visual inspection for wood identification.
Influence of dopant concentration on the electronic band gap energy of Yb-ZrSe2 thin films for photovoltaic application via electrochemical deposition technique
Authors: Ikhioya Lucky I , Chime Ugochi K , Okoro Chidimma F , Iroegbu C , Maaza M , Ezema Fabian I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This research focus on the Influence of Dopant Concentration on Polycrystalline Ytterbium-doped ZrSe (Yb-ZrSe) material for possible photovoltaic application using the electrochemical deposition method. The cationic precursor was an aqueous solution of 0.01 mol ZrOCl2.8H2O while the anionic precursor was 0.15 mol selenium was prepared by dissolving with 5 ml of Hydrochloric acid (HCl), and then 0.05 mol Yb (NO3)3.5H2O was used as the dopant. The films were characterized using UV-1800 Visible Spectrophotometer, Bruker D8 Advance x-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα line (λ = 1.54056 Å) in 2θ range from 10°–90°and Scanning Electron Microscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the deposited films on FTO substrate studies reveals that films are polycrystalline by exhibiting diffraction peaks at (111), (200), (200) and (210) corresponds to the following angle (27.00°), (38.01°), (46.02°), (66.02°). (SEM) revealed that the grain size was uniformly distributed on the surface of the substrate. The optical band gap energy

2.29
−
1.57

eV

was obtained.
Crystallization and electrochemical corrosion behaviors of nanometer amorphous Ni-P alloys
Authors: Li Zhizhen , Luo Mengfei , Mao Hui , Bian Chaoqun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ni-P alloy coatings with a phosphorus content of 11.65 wt% were deposited by electroless plating. The as-plated nano-amorphous Ni-P alloy coatings were heated in air for 1 h at 200–500 °C. By using an atomic force microscope and the x-ray diffraction method, the nanocrystalline morphology and the crystallization phase identification of the coatings were studied. The corrosion behavior of the coatings in the 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was analyzed using polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy. It was observed that the corrosion behavior of the coatings was affected by the change in the nanocrystalline structure; during the heat treatment, the nanocrystalline structure of the coating alloy undergoes sequential changes from amorphous → the adjustment of amorphous → precipitated phase → crystalline. Meanwhile, the corrosion behavior of the coating alloy has also changed from uniform corrosion controlled by charge transfer → uniform corrosion controlled by diffusion → grain boundary corrosion. The Ni phase and the Ni3P phase developed a compact and dense nanocrystal layer on the surface of the coating alloy, in which the best performance by the corrosion resistant coating can be found.
Bureaucrats at war: The resilient state in the Congo
Authors: Sweet Rachel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Rebels often portray themselves as state-like to legitimize their rule, yet little is known about their on-the-ground relations with the administrators of state power—official bureaucrats. Drawing on internal armed group records from the Democratic Republic of Congo, this article argues that rebels’ state-like image is more than a simple veneer: Bureaucrats actively sustain state institutions and recruit rebel support during war. It develops a theory of the sources of leverage that bureaucrats use to negotiate with rebels. These interactions entail dual struggles to sustain the structures and symbols of state power and to shape the distribution of control over these institutions during war. On first front, bureaucrats can use their official status to market the symbols of state legitimacy—official certificates, codes, and paperwork—to rebels. On a second, to recruit protection for administrative posts. Pre-existing routines of noncompliance, like parallel taxes and sabotaged information, can use bureaucratic discretion and opacity to limit rebels’ takeover of state structures. This view from the ground demonstrates the real-time continuity of bureaucratic practice through daily paperwork and exchange during war. It contributes to research on rebel governance by illustrating new competitions for wartime statehood and illustrates the empirical practices of states seen as ‘juridical’ or weak.
Bridging integrator 1 protein loss in Alzheimer’s disease promotes synaptic tau accumulation and disrupts tau release
Authors: Glennon Elizabeth B , Lau Dawn H W , Gabriele Rebecca M C , Taylor Matthew F , Troakes Claire , Opie-Martin Sarah , Elliott Christina , Killick Richard , Hanger Diane P , Perez-Nievas Beatriz G , Noble Wendy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Polymorphisms associated with BIN1 (bridging integrator 1) confer the second greatest risk for developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. The biological consequences of this genetic variation are not fully understood; however, BIN1 is a binding partner for tau. Tau is normally a highly soluble cytoplasmic protein, but in Alzheimer’s disease, tau is abnormally phosphorylated and accumulates at synapses to exert synaptotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether alterations in BIN1 and tau in Alzheimer’s disease promote the damaging redistribution of tau to synapses, as a mechanism by which BIN1 polymorphisms may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. We show that BIN1 is lost from the cytoplasmic fraction of Alzheimer’s disease cortex, and this is accompanied by the progressive mislocalization of phosphorylated tau to synapses. We confirmed proline 216 in tau as critical for tau interaction with the BIN1-SH3 domain and showed that the phosphorylation of tau disrupts this binding, suggesting that tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer’s disease disrupts tau–BIN1 associations. Moreover, we show that BIN1 knockdown in rat primary neurons to mimic BIN1 loss in Alzheimer’s disease brain causes the damaging accumulation of phosphorylated tau at synapses and alterations in dendritic spine morphology. We also observed reduced release of tau from neurons upon BIN1 silencing, suggesting that BIN1 loss disrupts the function of extracellular tau. Together, these data indicate that polymorphisms associated with BIN1 that reduce BIN1 protein levels in the brain likely act synergistically with increased tau phosphorylation to increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease by disrupting cytoplasmic tau–BIN1 interactions, promoting the damaging mis-sorting of phosphorylated tau to synapses to alter synapse structure and reducing the release of physiological forms of tau to disrupt tau function.
Top–Down Inhibitory Mechanisms Underlying Auditory–Motor Integration for Voice Control: Evidence by TMS
Authors: Liu Dongxu , Dai Guangyan , Liu Churong , Guo Zhiqiang , Xu Zhiqin , Jones Jeffery A , Liu Peng , Liu Hanjun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been implicated in auditory–motor integration for accurate control of vocal production, but its precise role in this feedback-based process remains largely unknown. To this end, the present event-related potential study applied a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol, continuous theta-burst stimulation (c-TBS), to disrupt cortical activity in the left DLPFC as young adults vocalized vowel sounds while hearing their voice unexpectedly shifted upwards in pitch. The results showed that, as compared to the sham condition, c-TBS over left DLPFC led to significantly larger vocal compensations for pitch perturbations that were accompanied by significantly smaller cortical P2 responses. Source localization analyses revealed that this brain activity pattern was the result of reduced activation in the left superior frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule (supramarginal gyrus). These findings demonstrate c-TBS-induced modulatory effects of DLPFC on the neurobehavioral processing of vocal pitch regulation, suggesting that disrupting prefrontal function may impair top–down inhibitory control mechanisms that prevent speech production from being excessively influenced by auditory feedback, resulting in enhanced vocal compensations for feedback perturbations. This is the first study that provides direct evidence for a causal role of the left DLPFC in auditory feedback control of vocal production.
Infant Hospitalizations and Fatalities Averted by the Maternal Pertussis Vaccination Program in England, 2012–2017: Post-implementation Economic Evaluation
Authors: Sandmann Frank , Jit Mark , Andrews Nick , Buckley Hannah L , Campbell Helen , Ribeiro Sonia , Sile Bersabeh , Stowe Julia , Tessier Elise , Ramsay Mary , Choi Yoon H , Amirthalingam Gayatri 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In October 2012, a maternal pertussis vaccination program was implemented in England following an increased incidence and mortality in infants. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the program by comparing pertussis-related infant hospitalizations and deaths in 2012–2017 with nonvaccination scenarios. Despite considerable uncertainties, findings support the cost-effectiveness of the program.
Nox2+ myeloid cells drive vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in heart failure after myocardial infarction via angiotensin II receptor type 1
Authors: Molitor Michael , Rudi Wolf-Stephan , Garlapati Venkata , Finger Stefanie , Schüler Rebecca , Kossmann Sabine , Lagrange Jeremy , Nguyen Thanh Son , Wild Johannes , Knopp Tanja , Karbach Susanne H , Knorr Maike , Ruf Wolfram , Münzel Thomas , Wenzel Philip 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
Heart failure (HF) ensuing myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by the initiation of a systemic inflammatory response. We aimed to elucidate the impact of myelomonocytic cells and their activation by angiotensin II on vascular endothelial function in a mouse model of HF after MI.

Methods and results
HF was induced in male C57BL/6J mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Compared to sham, HF mice had significantly impaired endothelial function accompanied by enhanced mobilization of Sca-1+c-Kit+ haematopoietic stem cells and Sca-1−c-Kit+ common myeloid and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in the bone marrow as well as increased vascular infiltration of CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6Chigh monocytes and accumulation of CD11b+ F4/80+ macrophages, assessed by flow cytometry. Using mice with Cre-inducible expression of diphtheria toxin receptor in myeloid cells, we selectively depleted lysozyme M+ myelomonocytic cells for 10 days starting 28 days after MI. While the cardiac phenotype remained unaltered until 38 days post-MI, myeloid cell depletion attenuated vascular accumulation of Nox2+CD45+ cells, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and vascular expression of adhesion molecules and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R). Pharmacological blockade of this receptor for 4 weeks did not significantly alter cardiac function, but mimicked the effects of myeloid cell depletion: telmisartan (20 mg/kg/day, fed to C57BL/6J mice) diminished bone marrow myelopoesis and myeloid reactive oxygen species production, attenuated endothelial leucocyte rolling and vascular accumulation of CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6Chigh monocytes and macrophages, resulting in improved vascular function with less abundance of Nox2+CD45+ cells.

Conclusion
Endothelial dysfunction in HF ensuing MI is mediated by inflammatory Nox2+ myeloid cells infiltrating the vessel wall that can be targeted by AT1R blockade.
Tracheal resection and anterior mediastinal tracheostomy in the multidisciplinary treatment of esophageal cancer with tracheal invasion
Authors: Yamasaki Makoto , Yamashita Kotaro , Saito Takuro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Motoori Masaaki , Kimura Yutaka , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: February 2020

SummaryCombined tracheal resection and anterior mediastinal tracheostomy (AMT) for esophageal cancer with tracheal invasion is a challenging treatment because of its high morbidity and the lack of evidence regarding long-term outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the short- and long-term outcomes of AMT as part of the multidisciplinary treatment for esophageal cancer with tracheal invasion. This retrospective study included 27 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer with tracheal invasion who underwent combined tracheal resection and AMT in their multidisciplinary treatment for esophageal cancer. We evaluated postoperative complications, body weight loss, and survival and examined the prognostic value of preoperative factors. All patients underwent chemotherapy and/or chemoradiotherapy as prior treatment. R0 resection was achieved in all cases. Clavien–Dindo grade I or greater complications occurred in 17 patients (63%), and grade III or greater complications occurred in 12 (44%). Overall in-hospital mortality was 4%, with one patient dying on postoperative day 48 when the brachiocephalic artery ruptured from tracheal compression. The 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 0% and 4%, respectively. Median weight change in patients without recurrence in the year after surgery was −1.7% (−9.6–21%). All of these patients received nutrition by oral intake and were living independently at home without public assistance. The 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 25.9% and 18.5%, respectively; 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 38.6% and 25.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified response to prior treatment as an independent prognostic factor in these patients. Combined tracheal resection and AMT may be adapted as part of the multidisciplinary treatment of esophageal cancer with tracheal invasion. Improving AMT safety and optimizing patient selection may improve prognosis among patients with this cancer.
Norm Enforcement in Markets: Group Identity and the Volunteering of Feedback
Authors: Bolton Gary E , Mans Johannes , Ockenfels Axel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe provision of trader feedback is critical to the functioning of many markets. We examine the influence of group identity on the volunteering and informativeness of feedback. In a market experiment conducted simultaneously in Germany and the United States, we manipulate the interaction of traders based on natural social and induced home market identities. Traders are more likely to provide feedback information on a trader with whom they share a common group identity, and the effect is more pronounced for social identity than for home market identity. Both kinds of group identity promote rewarding good performance and punishing bad performance.
Lymphoidal chemokine CCL19 promoted the heterogeneity of the breast tumor cell motility within a 3D microenvironment revealed by a Lévy distribution analysis
Authors: Kim Beum Jun , Hannanta-anan Pimkhuan , Ryd Anders , Swartz Melody A , Wu Mingming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Tumor cell heterogeneity, either at the genotypic or the phenotypic level, is a hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells exhibit large variations, even among cells derived from the same origin, including cell morphology, speed and motility type. However, current work for quantifying tumor cell behavior is largely population based and does not address the question of cell heterogeneity. In this article, we utilize Lévy distribution analysis, a method known in both social and physical sciences for quantifying rare events, to characterize the heterogeneity of tumor cell motility. Specifically, we studied the breast tumor cell (MDA-MB-231 cell line) velocity statistics when the cells were subject to well-defined lymphoid chemokine (CCL19) gradients using a microfluidic platform. Experimental results showed that the tail end of the velocity distribution of breast tumor cell was well described by a Lévy function. The measured Lévy exponent revealed that cell motility was more heterogeneous when CCL19 concentration was near the dynamic kinetic binding constant to its corresponding receptor CCR7. This work highlighted the importance of tumor microenvironment in modulating tumor cell heterogeneity and invasion.
Manual Determination of Minced Fish Flesh in Mixed Fillet-Minced Cod Blocks: Collaborative Study
Authors: Lane J Perry , Learson Robert J ,   Collaborators:, Berube S , Farstad N , LaTerza A F , Learson R J , O’Rourke P , Powers J , Price H , Rowe K , Williams A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple, rapid method for determining the amount of minced fish in mixed fillet-minced cod blocks was tested by 9 collaborators. Each collaborator first examined 2 practice blocks containing 20% mince, and then examined 6 blind duplicate samples of 5 lb cod blocks from each of 3 test lots containing, respectively, 26.25, 18.75, and 12.5% mince. The data from one of the 9 collaborators was not usable because of a malfunctioning scale. Standard deviations (SD) for the 3 lots (all 8 collaborators combined) were 1.77, 1.51, and 1.65, and coefficients of variation (CV) were 6.8, 8.9, and 16.2%, respectively. For comparison, the results of an informal collaborative study by 10 participants on 16.5 lb mixed cod blocks containing 20.1% mince were SD 2.72 and CV 0.136%. Collaborators reported no problems with the method, and statistical analysis shows the method to be sufficiently precise for this type of determination. The method has been adopted official first action for cod.
Evaluation of Infant Formula Protein Quality: Comparison of In Vitro with In Vivo Methods
Authors: Harris David A , Burns Robert A , Ali Rida 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two-week protein efficiency ratio (2-wk PER), net protein ratio (NPR), calculated-protein efficiency ratio (C-PER), and discriminant computed- protein efficiency ratio (DC-PER) of milk- and soy-based infant formulas were compared to a 4-week protein efficiency ratio (PER). Expressed relative to ANRC casein, 2-week PER and NPR correlated significantly (P &lt; 0.01, r = 0.90) with PER. Although C-PER and DC-PER also correlated significantly (P &lt; 0.01) with PER, r = 0.71 and r = 0.87, respectively, these in vitro methods did not distinguish differences in protein quality among soy-based infant formulas. C-PER and DC-PER, as currently designed, are not applicable to the measurement of protein quality for all types of infant formulas.