bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk and population attributable fraction of metabolic syndrome and impaired fasting glucose for the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle‐aged Japanese individuals: Aichi Worker’s Cohort Study
Authors: Kaneko Kayo , Yatsuya Hiroshi , Li Yuanying , Uemura Mayu , Chiang Chifa , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Ota Atsuhiko , Tamakoshi Koji , Aoyama Atsuko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe Japanese government started a nationwide screening program for metabolic syndrome (MetS) to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in 2008. Although impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a strong predictor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, the program does not follow up IFG in non‐MetS individuals. This study aimed to examine the risk and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of MetS and IFG for incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsJapanese workers (3,417 men and 714 women) aged 40–64 years without a history of diabetes were prospectively followed. MetS was defined as either abdominal obesity plus two or more metabolic risk factors, or being overweight in the case of normal waist circumference plus three or more metabolic risk factors. IFG was defined as fasting blood glucose 100–125 mg/dL.ResultsDuring a mean 6.3 years, 240 type 2 diabetes mellitus cases were identified. Compared with those without MetS and IFG, the multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of non‐MetS individuals with IFG, MetS individuals without IFG and MetS individuals with IFG for type 2 diabetes mellitus were 4.9 (3.4–7.1), 2.4 (1.6–3.5) and 8.3 (5.9–11.5), respectively. The corresponding PAFs for type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence were 15.6, 9.1 and 29.7%, respectively.ConclusionsIFG represented a higher risk and PAF than MetS for type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence in middle‐aged Japanese individuals. The coexistence of MetS and IFG showed the highest risk and PAF for type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence. The current Japanese MetS screening program should be reconsidered to follow up non‐MetS individuals with IFG.
The role of the interleukin‐23/Th17 pathway in cardiometabolic comorbidity associated with psoriasis
Authors: Egeberg A. , Gisondi P. , Carrascosa J.M. , Warren R.B. , Mrowietz U. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlterations in the innate and adaptive immunity underpin psoriasis pathophysiology, with the Th17 cells subset now recognized as the fundamental cells in the key controlling pathway involved in its pathogenesis. Since psoriasis is a systemic disease with important comorbidity, further knowledge on the interleukin (IL)‐23/Th17 axis led to the hypothesis that there may be shared pathogenic pathways between primary skin disease and comorbidity. Psoriasis has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disease, and increasing evidence gives support to this epidemiological observation from the clinical‐pathologically field. As an example, increased levels ofIL‐23 andIL‐23R have been found in human atherosclerotic plaque, and levels correlated with symptom duration and mortality. Also, upregulation ofIL‐23/IL‐17 seems to play an important role in both myocardial damage and stroke, with interesting reports on deleterious effect neutralization after administration of related anti‐bodies in both associated conditions. In diabetic patients, increased levels ofIL‐23/IL‐17 have also been observed and available data support a synergistic role ofIL‐23/IL‐17 in β‐cells damage. In obesity, signs of an expansion of Th17 subset in adipose tissue have been reported, as well as elevated concentrations ofIL‐23 in obese patients. In non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, closely related to metabolic syndrome, but also in other mentioned cardiometabolic disorders, a predominance ofIL‐23 and other related pro‐inflammatory factors has been identified as participating in their pathogenesis. Thus, the involvement of theIL‐23/Th17 axis in these shared psoriasis‐cardiometabolic pathogenic mechanisms is reviewed and discussed in the light of the existing preclinical and clinical evidence, including that from comorbid psoriasis patients.
ISLAMIC BANKING, COSTLY RELIGIOSITY, AND COMPETITION
Authors: Azmat Saad , Azad A. S. M. Sohel , Bhatti M. Ishaq , Ghaffar Hamza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article we explain how Islamic banks (IBs) maximize profitability in the presence of costly religiosity. Because of strong competition between IBs and conventional banks (CBs), a unique equilibrium emerges that affects the IB pricing structure. We propose a new model that identifies the optimal rate on the asset and liability sides of IBs. It shows that the financial products offered by IBs are not an exogenous function of religiosity; instead, they are endogenously determined by the nature of market forces in which IBs are operating. We show that in the presence of costly religiosity and competition, the rates of both converge. Moreover, the competitive pricing mechanism induces IBs to structure their asset‐ and liability‐side financial products (particularly Murabaha) with a risk profile similar to that of the CB loan system. This article empirically supports the theoretical propositions by using data from 17 Muslim majority countries where both IBs and CBs coexist from 2000 to 2015. We find that, holding other factors of bank returns constant, competition significantly affects IB asset‐ and liability‐side returns. The analysis also reveals that because of increasing competition between IBs and CBs, the market power of IBs has significantly declined over time.
Role of SSH1 in colorectal cancer prognosis and tumor progression
Authors: Song Xiangping , Xie Di , Xia Xiao , Tan Fengbo , Pei Qian , Li Yuqiang , Zhou Zhongyi , Zhou Yuan , Li Chenglong , Wang Kangtao , Pei Haiping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimSlingshot 1 protein (SSH1) plays a critical role in cytoskeleton dynamic regulation. Increasing evidence suggest that SSH1 expression is upregulated in several cancers and relates to tumor progression and drug resistance. Here, we evaluated the role of SSH1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and its prognostic value in patients with CRC.MethodsSSH1 expression was examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, or immunohistochemistry. The association between SSH1 expression and clinical characteristics and prognosis was evaluated. Stable SSH1 knockdown cells were used for in vitro assays and xenograft models. Correlation between SSH1 expression and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was analyzed by western blot and online data analysis.ResultsSSH1 expression was upregulated in cancer tissue compared with paired non‐cancerous tissue in patients with CRC. SSH1 expression level in CRC tissue was associated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and correlated with poor prognosis as indicated by univariate and multivariate analyses. In vitro, loss of SSH1 impaired colony formation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells. In vivo data suggest that SSH1 could promote the progression and metastasis of CRC. Interestingly, E‐cadherin, ZEB1, and Snail, which are markers of EMT, had a significant expression correlation with SSH1.ConclusionsSSH1 expression is associated with CRC progression and predicts poor prognosis. SSH1 may promote CRC tumor progression by regulating EMT.
The development of consensus‐based guidelines for dietetic practice in nasogastric tube feeding under restraint for patients with anorexia nervosa using a modified Delphi process
Authors: Fuller S. J. , Philpot U. ,   Working Group
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionNasogastric tube feeding against a person's will, under restraint, can be a lifesaving intervention for patients with severe anorexia nervosa. Dietetic guidelines have been developed to support dietitians in this specialised area.MethodsA modified Delphi process was used in the development of the guidelines; stage 1, initial stakeholders created a draft; stage 2, creation of the working group; stage 3, comments and feedback on draft; stage 4, final draft agreed; stage 5, external review from Psychiatrists, patients and carers; stage 6, endorsement. Specialist mental health dietitians working in both adult and Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) across four countries contributed to the development of the consensus guidelines.ResultsNew guidance is outlined specifically for NGT feeding under restraint, which details the process, rate and volume of feed to comply with lawful guidance.ConclusionsClinical guidelines were developed for dietitians treating patients with anorexia nervosa, using a modified Delphi process, incorporating both expert opinion and all available evidence. The guidance provides new information to dietitians and clinicians in how to enterally feed patients under restraint where none previously existed.
Report on the impact of a service improvement programme in a well‐established radiologically inserted gastrostomy service
Authors: Carvalho F. , Wiseman T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate whether the implementation of a service improvement programme improved the occurrence of radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) tube displacements, post‐insertion.MethodsA retrospective observational study of cancer patients was conducted over a 2‐year period divided into two time points. Eighty‐two RIG insertions were audited retrospectively; 42 in Time 1 and 40 in Time 2.ResultsSome 70% (n = 57) of patients had head and neck (H&N) malignancy, 24% (n = 20) had gastrointestinal cancer and 6% (n = 5) had a variety of other malignancies. Following the implementation of the service improvement programme, the number of RIG tube displacements almost halved from nine (21%) to five (12%).ConclusionsThe present study offers persuasive evidence indicating that the implemented service improvement programme improved patient care; however, further research incorporating a more robust evaluation is necessary. People with advanced disease are living longer and so there is a need to maintain good nutritional support. This innovation offers the potential to enhance patients' quality of care and minimise complications.
Anxiety and threat‐related attentional biases in adolescents with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Kelleher B. L. , Hogan A. L. , Ezell J. , Caravella K. , Schmidt J. , Wang Q. , Roberts J. E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundFragile X syndrome (FXS) is a single‐gene disorder highly associated with anxiety; however, measuring anxiety symptoms in FXS and other neurogenetic syndromes is challenged by common limitations in language, self‐awareness and cognitive skills required for many traditional assessment tasks. Prior studies have documented group‐level differences in threat‐related attentional biases, assessed via eye tracking, in FXS and non‐FXS groups. The present study built on this work to test whether attentional biases correspond to clinical features of anxiety among adolescents and young adults with FXS.MethodsParticipants included 21 male adolescents with FXS ages 15–20 years who completed an adapted eye‐tracking task that measured attentional bias towards fearful faces of varied emotional intensity.ResultsAmong participants without anxiety disorders, attentional bias towards fear increased across age, similar to non‐FXS paediatric anxiety samples. In contrast, participants with anxiety disorders exhibited greater stability in fear‐related attentional biases across age. Across analyses, subtle fear stimuli were more sensitive to within‐group anxiety variability than full‐intensity stimuli.ConclusionsOur results provide novel evidence that although threat‐related attentional biases may correspond with anxiety outcomes in FXS, these associations are complex and vary across developmental and task factors. Future studies are needed to characterise these associations in more robust longitudinal samples, informing whether and how eye‐tracking tasks might be optimised to reliably predict and track anxiety in FXS.
Heart anatomy and topography of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Falcão Brunna Muniz Rodrigues , de Souza Joyce Galvão , de La Salles Ana Yasha Ferreira , Batista Luan Nascimento , Rocha Ediane Freitas , Diniz João Augusto Rodrigues Alves , Fernandes Annielle Regina Fonseca , dos Santos José Rômulo Soares , de Menezes Danilo José Ayres , Medeiros Gildenor Xavier 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe morphological study of wild animals serves as a base for more advanced studies in clinical medicine, surgery, and pathology. Due to an urgent need and demand for professionals specialized in this area, studies of this nature have become indispensable and so the objective of the present study was to describe the heart morphology of Callithrix jacchus.MethodsTen anatomic pieces of common marmoset were used. The hearts were removed and dissected for better visualization and thus to makes a detailed description of the structures of the organ of the C jacchus species.ResultsThe C jacchus heart is similar to that of other mammals, with small anatomical modifications such as division of the apex by the interventricular grooves, shallow fossa ovalis, and less salient intervenous tubercle.ConclusionsThis study may serve as taxonomic base for research and also as a basis for clinical and surgical procedures with the C jacchus.
Drilling and Debt
Authors: GILJE ERIK P. , LOUTSKINA ELENA , MURPHY DANIEL 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper documents a previously unrecognized debt‐related investment distortion. Using detailed project‐level data for 69 firms in the oil and gas industry, we find that highly levered firms pull forward investment, completing projects early at the expense of long‐run project returns and project value. This behavior is particularly pronounced prior to debt renegotiations. We test several channels that could explain this behavior and find evidence consistent with equity holders sacrificing long‐run project returns to enhance collateral values and, by extension, mitigate lending frictions at debt renegotiations.
Anticompetitive Vertical Merger Waves
Authors: Hombert Johan , Pouyet Jérôme , Schutz Nicolas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe develop a model of vertical merger waves and use it to study the optimal merger policy. As a merger wave can result in partial foreclosure, it can be optimal to ban a vertical merger that eliminates the last unintegrated upstream firm. Such a merger is more likely to worsen market performance when the number of downstream firms is large relative to the number of upstream firms, and when upstream contracts are non‐discriminatory, linear and public. On the other hand, the optimal merger policy can be non‐monotonic in the strength of synergies or in the degree of downstream product differentiation.
Constitutional Review in the Member States of the EU‐28: A Political Analysis of Institutional Choices
Authors: Castillo‐Ortiz Pablo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLiterature in law and political science has suggested a number of factors explaining choices on the implementation of constitutional review. However, so far little is known about how such factors combine in order to lead to different models of review. With the aid of configurational research, this article sheds light on that question for all countries of the current EU‐28. In this region, the Kelsenian model of specialized courts, the system of review by the judicial branch, and the model of parliamentary sovereignty still currently coexist. This article shows that phenomena such as the type of legal family of the country, an authoritarian past, or political fragmentation play a major role in choices of models of constitutional review. However, it is only when they combine that they are capable of leading to particular outcomes.
Improving Research on the Psychology of Sustainable Consumption: Some Considerations from an Early Career Perspective
Authors: Richardson Lucy M. , Ginn Joel , Prosser Annayah M. B. , Fernando Julian W. , Judge Madeline 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPsychological research on sustainable consumption is developing a rich and diverse corpus of knowledge and tools, involving a broad range of disciplines. This very growth and diversity, however, poses challenges to our collective ability to build upon past research and progress in the field. We aim to place a selection of these challenges in the spotlight for discussion. In particular, we highlight some of the salient difficulties for early career researchers in psychology who are entering this field. Based on issues raised at a workshop conducted as part of the Psychology of Sustainable Consumption Small Group Meeting of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues and the Society of Australasian Social Psychologists in 2018, we first examine challenges associated with working in transdisciplinary teams, measurement quality, data accessibility, and research dissemination. We then propose several options to address these, ranging from actions individual researchers can take, to more systemic changes.
The Surgical and Anesthesia Workforce and Provision of Surgical Services in Rural Communities: A Mixed‐Methods Examination
Authors: Cohen Catherine , Baird Matthew , Koirola Nirabh , Kandrack Ryan , Martsolf Grant 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeRural‐urban disparities in the surgical and anesthesia workforce exist. This mixed‐methods study describes the distribution of the surgical and anesthesia workforce and qualitatively explores how such workforce and other factors influence rural hospitals’ provision of surgical services.MethodsWe calculated provider counts by county from the Area Health Resource File. Using American Hospital Association survey data, we sampled rural hospitals, stratified by critical access status and state policies. We conducted qualitative semistructured interviews with administrators at 16 hospitals and performed directed content analysis of factors influencing surgical services provision at rural hospitals.FindingsWithin rural counties, 55.1% of counties had no surgeon, 81.2% had no anesthesiologist, and 58.1% had no Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA). Administrators reported that rural hospitals struggled to provide many surgical services given lack of subspecialty surgeons and adequate postsurgical care. Rural hospitals likely struggle to generate volumes necessary to support safe and profitable subspecialty surgery programs. Anesthesia services were not reported as a current limitation given that CRNAs in particular had strong, diverse skills sets and many hospitals allowed high CRNA autonomy. However, meeting anesthesia needs for emergency surgeries and 24‐hour obstetrics posed significant challenges.ConclusionsWhile rural hospitals reported meeting community needs for elective and noncomplex surgeries, rural hospitals continued to face significant challenges providing subspecialty surgeries, emergency surgeries, and 24‐hour obstetrical services.
Analysis of viscosity measurements obtained using the short back extrusion method. Part 2: Verification of short back extrusion in viscometry
Authors: Hoshino Takayoshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe short back extrusion (SBE) method of the translational concentric cylinder viscometer improves upon the back extrusion (BE) method by starting from an immersed position and acting over a short distance. According to this improvement, the SBE method can measure the flow behavior consecutively in short distance movement. Also using novel mathematical formulas, the analysis program automatic determines between Newtonian, power law, and Herschel–Bulkley flow and can be presented to the constitutive equation and the graph of the flow behavior. In the first part, the theory and mathematical analyses were presented; in this second part, the verification is presented to prove the accuracy of the SBE method using viscosity standard for Newtonian flow, locust bean gum solution for power‐law flow, and commercial mayonnaise for Herschel–Bulkley flow. There are no viscosity standards in the non‐Newtonian fluid, so the SBE method analysis was compared with the cone‐plate viscometry. In special, the viscosity measurement of Herschel–Bulkley fluids using conventional cone‐plate viscometry is very difficult because of the destruction of the sample structure by the rotational measurement. The yield stress of truly starting to flow cannot be measured and only the viscosity in the destroyed state can be measured. There is no other viscometry that can easily determine the characteristics of a fluid and display constitutive equations and graphs. Recently, the oscillatory shear testing has conducted replacing cone‐plate viscometry but the SBE method can regain the right to measure viscosity of Herschel–Bulkley fluids.
Differences in isolation rate and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from foals with sepsis at admission and after ≥48 hours of hospitalization
Authors: Theelen Mathijs J. P. , Wilson W. David , Byrne Barbara A. , Edman Judy M. , Kass Philip H. , Mughini‐Gras Lapo , Magdesian K. Gary 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial treatment protocols for foals with sepsis that do not improve clinically often are adjusted based on bacteriological and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results from samples collected at hospital admission.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether hospitalization for ≥48 hours affects bacteriological and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.AnimalsTwo‐hundred sixty‐seven foals <30 days of age admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit and diagnosed with sepsis.MethodsMedical records were reviewed retrospectively to identify foals with sepsis and positive bacteriological cultures. Results from samples collected at hospital admission were compared to those collected ≥48 hours after admission. Logistic regression for clustered data and exact logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThree‐hundred fifty‐three unique bacterial isolates were obtained from 231 foals at hospital admission and 92 unique bacterial isolates were obtained from 57 foals after ≥48 hours of hospitalization. Relative isolation frequency after ≥48 hours of hospitalization increased for Acinetobacter spp., 0.6% versus 3.3% (odds ratio [OR], 7.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28‐45.45); Enterococcus spp., 4.8% versus 19.6% (OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 2.64‐10.90); Klebsiella spp., 5.1% versus 10.9% (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.05‐4.89); Pseudomonas spp., 3.0% versus 7.6% (OR, 3.49; 95% CI, 3.49‐240.50); and Serratia spp., 3.0% versus 5.4% (OR, 20.23; 95% CI, 2.20‐186.14). Bacteria isolated after ≥48 hours of hospitalization were less susceptible to all tested antimicrobial drugs, except for imipenem.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDecreased antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated after ≥48 hours of hospitalization provides a rationale for repeated bacteriological culture and susceptibility testing in hospitalized foals with sepsis.