bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representação social da violência doméstica sobre as mulheres
Authors: Oliveira Isabel , Figueiredo Bárbara , Nina Joana , Oliveira Xavier , Novais Sónia 
Published: March 2020

Enquadramento: a violência doméstica é um problema de saúde pública que compreende um conjunto de abusos físicos, sexuais, psicológicos e sociais. A representação social da violência doméstica, enquanto construção social, é um aspeto pouco estudado e a sua compreensão pode mostrar-se significativa na construção de respostas para estas mulheres. Objetivo: conhecer a representação social da violência doméstica sobre as mulheres. Metodologia: desenho qualitativo, do tipo exploratório e descrito, numa amostra não probabilística da população de Oliveira de Azeméis. Para a recolha de dados foi usado um teste de associação livre de palavras com recurso a um questionário. Para tratamento dos dados recolhidos foi utilizado o software informático IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: quando os participantes refletem acerca da violência doméstica sobre as mulheres associam ao medo, sofrimento e dor. É de salientar a elevada frequência dos termos tristeza, vergonha e filhos. A autoestima e a discussão emergem também como relevantes na representação social da violência doméstica. Conclusão: a exploração da representação social da violência doméstica permitiu obter a interpretação dos participantes, evidenciando os aspetos negativos da mesma enquanto vivência penalizadora para as mulheres.
Nekhoroshev Estimates for the Survival Time of Tightly Packed Planetary Systems
Authors: Yalinewich Almog , Petrovich Cristobal 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

N-body simulations of nonresonant, tightly packed planetary systems have found that their survival time (i.e., time to first close encounter) grows exponentially with their interplanetary spacing and planetary masses. Although this result has important consequences for the assembly of planetary systems by giant collisions and their long-term evolution, this underlying exponential dependence is not understood from first principles, and previous attempts based on orbital diffusion have only yielded power-law scalings. We propose a different picture, where large deviations of the system from its initial conditions is due to a few slowly developing high-order resonances. Thus, we show that the survival time of the system T can be estimated using a heuristic motivated by Nekhoroshev’s theorem, and obtain a formula for systems away from overlapping two-body mean-motion resonances as

, where P is the average Keplerian period, a is the average semimajor axis, Δa ≪ a is the difference between the semimajor axes of neighboring planets, μ is the planet-to-star mass ratio, and c
1 and c
2 are dimensionless constants. We show that this formula is in good agreement with numerical N-body experiments for c
1 = 5 × 10−4 and c
2 = 8.
Mobile learning e pedagogia social: uma relação a ser explorada
Authors: De Souza Santana Neri , Lemes Chemin Diego Cristian , Garcia Freitas Carlos César , Tojeiro Giordani Annecy , Dos Santos Rosa Selma 
Published: March 2020

Este artigo analisou de que modo o Mobile Learning pode contribuir para o papel da Pedagogia Social no atual contexto, identificando aplicações de M-learning passíveis de serem empregadas por esta. De cunho qualitativo e caráter descritivo, foram feitos levantamentos junto a sites de aplicativos sociais e Softwares livres. Concluiu-se, com base nas opções identificadas, que em decorrência das características onipresença, relativo baixo-custo, autoaprendizagem funcional e interação/colaborativa o uso de Mobile Learning pela Pedagogia Social, ainda pouco explorado, pode contribuir significativamente na redução da desigualdade social em relação a Educação.
Les relations commerciales franco-allemandes : un déséquilibre commercial durable, source de controverses politiques
Authors: Uterwedde Henrik 
Published: March 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de démontrer le caractère à la fois économique et politique des relations commerciales franco-allemandes. Il présente d’abord un état des lieux des échanges bilatérales, soulignant leur intensité mais également leur caractère déséquilibré. Par la suite, il passe en revue deux grandes explications des déséquilibres constatés : L’une, microéconomique, domine les positions allemandes. Elle met l’accent sur les différences de compétitivité entre les deux pays et renvoie en premier lieu à des efforts d’adaptation et à des réformes nationales. En France, une autre explication, macroéconomique, est mise en avant, qui se focalisé sur les excédents excessifs de l’Allemagne, responsables d’instabilités dans la zone euro. Ces approches différentes ont nourri de nombreux débats et controverses franco-allemands, qui pendant longtemps se sont résumés a un dialogue des sourds. Pourtant, le débat interne change tant en France qu’en Allemagne, prenant mieux en compte l’approche du voisin et ouvrant ainsi la voie pour de nouveaux compromis sur la politique économique européenne.
L’individualisme méthodologique comme méthode scientifique : théorie de la rationalité, explication causale, herméneutique
Authors: Di Nuoscio Enzo 
Published: March 2020

L’auteur tente de montrer qu’il existe une complémentarité précieuse entre trois perspectives épistémologiques souvent considérées comme incompatibles : l’individualisme méthodologique (IM), la théorie de l’explication scientifique fondée sur le modèle Popper-Hempel et la théorie du « cercle herméneutique » de Gadamer. L’IM ne peut représenter une logique d’explication qui garantit la scientificité des explications sociales qu’en utilisant : a) le modèle nomologique-déductif pour expliquer les causes et les conséquences (intentionnelles et non intentionnelles), surtout au niveau macro, des actions et b) l’herméneutique gadamérienne pour reconstruire les stratégies cognitives et décisionnelles subjectives. En particulier, l’auteur insiste pour démontrer que le « cercle herméneutique » de Gadamer décrit un processus cognitif qui procède par conjecture et réfutation et qu’il est fondamental pour expliquer scientifiquement l’interprétation, par l’acteur, du contexte problématique dans lequel il se trouve – fondamental donc pour reconstruire les « bonnes raisons » qui le poussent à voir dans une action donnée une solution à la situation d’incertitude qu’il connaît.
Proche aidance et conjugalité aux âges avancés : motivations et postures
Authors: Van Pevenage Isabelle , Dauphinais Chloé , Dupont Didier , Bourgeois-Guérin Valérie 
Published: March 2020

Cet article s’intéresse aux motifs avancés par des personnes âgées pour expliquer le soin apporté à leur conjoint au Québec. Les expériences de l’aide explorées ici se situent au prisme de la conjugalité et de la prise en charge d’un conjoint nécessitant du soutien au quotidien. Nos analyses visent à approfondir les motifs de l’aide, en les inscrivant dans leurs contextes particuliers dont celui de la relation conjugale. Cela nous apparaît d’autant plus important que les recherches sur la proche aidance se sont principalement concentrées sur les relations filiales. Basés sur l’analyse de 27 entretiens menés auprès de personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus qui offrent un soutien quotidien à leur conjoint malade, les résultats montrent que les motivations des proches aidantes s’inscrivent pour une grande part dans une logique de préservation des continuités conjugales et identitaires. En outre, les participantes présentent, au moment de l’entretien, différentes postures face à leur situation : des personnes assument complètement leur engagement, d’autres se montrent davantage résignées et d’autres encore présentent un profil davantage subi. Ces postures ne peuvent toutefois être appréhendées sans considérer le rôle déterminant des facteurs contextuels que sont le type et la trajectoire de la maladie, l’état de santé physique et psychologique de la proche aidante, ainsi que l’accès, l’organisation et la qualité des services formels.
L’accueil familial thérapeutique. Une expérience italienne au tournant des XIX e et XX e siècles
Authors: Scarfone Marianna 
Published: March 2020

Débutée à la toute fin du xix e siècle à l’initiative de quelques directeurs d’asiles d’Italie centrale, la pratique du patronage hétéro-familial constitue une forme de prise en charge des aliénés alternative à l’internement asilaire strictu sensu , consistant à confier les malades « chroniques, tranquilles et inoffensifs » à des familles d’infirmiers habitant dans des villages situés aux alentours de l’hôpital psychiatrique. Cet article vise à analyser les tenants et les aboutissants de ce modèle, mais aussi sa mise en œuvre concrète en interrogeant, à travers le vécu des malades sélectionnés pour les premiers essais et les écrits des médecins promoteurs du système, l’expérience de Reggio Emilia, depuis ses débuts en 1898, soit quelques années avant que l’accueil hétéro-familial soit institutionnalisé par la loi italienne sur les asiles et les aliénés (1904), jusqu’à sa fin en 1942. En effet, sous le poids des contraintes de la guerre, les besoins des hôtes-nourriciers et des asiles ne coïncident plus : les hôtes ne sont plus en mesure d’entretenir les aliénés qui leur sont confiés avec l’allocation octroyée par la province et les institutions asilaires ont besoin du travail des malades valides pour survivre. Il n’en reste pas moins que pendant plusieurs décennies, ce système a permis, dans une certaine mesure, aux asiles de réguler le nombre de leurs patients ; à certains foyers de bénéficier d’un revenu supplémentaire ; et à bon nombre de malades de sortir de l’institution tout en restant sous son contrôle, d’un point de vue clinique et légal.
Xylo-oligosaccharides from sugarcane show prebiotic potential in a dynamic computer-controlled in vitro model of the adult human large intestine
Authors: Venema K. , Verhoeven J. , Verbruggen S. , Keller D. 
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate the prebiotic potential of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from sugarcane in a validated, dynamic, computer-controlledin vitromodel of the colon (TIM-2) simulating human adults. In two sets of experiments, each with a different microbiota, 3 different doses of XOS were tested at 1.0 g/day, 1.5 g/day and 3.0 g/day. Thein vitromodel was run for 72 h, and at the start and subsequently every 24 h samples were taken and analysed for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and gut microbiota composition. SCFA were analysed using ion chromatography, whereas microbiota composition was analysed using sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. XOS showed a similar SCFA production per gram of substrate as the control medium, including butyrate, which is considered to be important for gut health. In both sets of experiments XOS showed a consistent dose-dependent increase in abundance over time of the genusBifidobacterium, and within that of the speciesB. adolescentisand an unidentified species (labelled ‘sp.1’). The results show the potential prebiotic effect of XOS from sugarcane, by its capacity to generate butyrate and increase the health-beneficial bifidobacteria.
Complete ILM Peeling Versus Inverted Flap Technique for Macular Hole Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Marques Raquel Esteves , Sousa David Cordeiro , Leal Inês , Faria Mun Yueh , Marques-Neves Carlos 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare complete internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling with the inverted flap technique for macular hole (MH) surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

An electronic database search on PubMed, CENTRAL, and
ClinicalTrials.gov
was performed. Inclusion criteria were comparative prospective/retrospective studies including patients with MH of any size with at least 6 months of follow-up. The primary outcome was MH closure rate. Secondary outcomes were best-corrected visual acuity improvement and surgery-related adverse events.

RESULTS:

Sixteen papers enrolling 1,403 eyes were included (733 ILM peeling, 670 inverted flap). MH mean minimum diameter and time of symptomatic evolution were higher in the inverted flap group (531.1 μm ± 188.8 μm vs. 602.8 μm ± 223.8 μm; 10.4 ± 20.2 months vs. 12.0 ± 18.4 months;
P
< .01). Overall, MH closure rate was superior with the inverted flap technique (risk-ratio [RR]: 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–1.38;
P
< .0001), as well as in all subgroups: idiopathic large MH (n = 362; RR: 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05–1.20;
P
< .001), myopic MH without retinal detachment (n = 133; RR: 1.35; 95% CI, 1.14–1.59;
P
< .001), and MH retinal detachment (n = 198; RR: 1.89; 95% CI, 1.31–2.73;
P
< .001).

CONCLUSION:
This meta-analysis suggests the inverted flap technique is more effective in achieving MH closure.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:187–195.]
A Microsurgical Vacuum Pick for Membrane Peeling Without Forceps During Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Awh Carl C. , Bass Eric J. 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe a new device and method for peeling membranes without forceps during vitreoretinal surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A novel micro-vacuum-pick (MVP) was used to peel internal limiting membrane (ILM) and/or epiretinal membrane (ERM) in 24 consecutive pars plana vitrectomy procedures. The MVP was used to create an edge in the membrane, strip the membrane from the retinal surface, and evacuate the membrane from the eye through the lumen of the device using active aspiration.

RESULTS:
The MVP was the sole device used to peel and remove ILM and/or ERM in each case. No surgical complication occurred during any case. The MVP was used to perform the fluid-air exchange in all cases in which a fluid-air exchange was performed.

CONCLUSIONS:
The MVP introduces a new method of peeling ILM and ERM without forceps. The MVP device and method eliminate the need for a separate device to create an edge in the ILM or ERM, reduce or eliminate instrument exchanges during membrane peeling, and eliminate the need for a separate extrusion cannula for fluid-air exchange.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:196–199.]
Two Lineages of KLRA with Contrasting Transcription Patterns Have Been Conserved at a Single Locus during Ruminant Speciation
Authors: Gibson Mark S. , Allan Alasdair J. , Sanderson Nicholas D. , Birch James , Gubbins Simon , Ellis Shirley A. , Hammond John A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cattle possess the most diverse repertoire of NK cell receptor genes among all mammals studied to date. Killer cell receptor genes encoded within the NK complex and killer cell Ig-like receptor genes encoded within the leukocyte receptor complex have both been expanded and diversified. Our previous studies identified two divergent and polymorphic KLRA alleles within the NK complex in the Holstein–Friesian breed of dairy cattle. By examining a much larger cohort and other ruminant species, we demonstrate the emergence and fixation of two KLRA allele lineages (KLRA*01 and -*02) at a single locus during ruminant speciation. Subsequent recombination events between these allele lineages have increased the frequency of KLRA*02 extracellular domains. KLRA*01 and KLRA*02 transcription levels contrasted in response to cytokine stimulation, whereas homozygous animals consistently transcribed higher levels of KLRA, regardless of the allele lineage. KLRA*02 mRNA levels were also generally higher than KLRA*01. Collectively, these data point toward alternative functional roles governed by KLRA genotype and allele lineage. On a background of high genetic diversity of NK cell receptor genes, this KLRA allele fixation points to fundamental and potentially differential function roles.
Promotion of T Regulatory Cells in Mice by B Cells and BAFF
Authors: Stohl William , Yu Ning 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In addition to promoting B cell expansion, overexpression of BAFF promotes expansion of T cells, including T regulatory (Treg) cells. To determine the relationships among BAFF, B cells, and Treg cells, a panel of C57BL/6 (B6) congenic mice was tested. Treg cells were disproportionately expanded in mice expressing a Baff transgene (B6.BTg) and were disproportionately contracted in mice deficient in BAFF (B6.Baff−/−). In vitro suppressor activities of B6 wild-type, B6.BTg, and B6.Baff−/− Treg cells were identical, as was in vitro generation of Treg cells. In vivo proliferation of Treg cells was greatest in B6.BTg mice, whereas in vivo survival of Treg cells was lowest in B6.Baff−/− mice. B cells promoted BAFF-independent Treg cell expansion in vivo, as evidenced by the correlation between B cells and percentages of Treg cells in B6.Baff−/− mice and by the greater percentages of Treg cells in B6.Bcl2Tg mice (which harbor B cells largely independent of BAFF because of expression of a Bcl2 transgene) than in B6 wild-type mice despite the lower serum BAFF levels in the former than in the latter. Experiments with BAFF-deficient B6.Baff−/−.Bcl2Tg mice, B cell–deficient B6.μMT mice, BAFF-overexpressing/B cell–deficient B6.BTg.μMT mice, and BAFF-deficient/B cell–deficient B6.Baff−/−.μMT mice demonstrated that, in a host that harbors B cells, the effect of BAFF on Treg cells goes beyond its ability to expand the B cell population and is additional to the BAFF-independent effect of B cells on Treg cells. These findings may have considerable relevance to the treatment of B cell–associated autoimmune diseases.
4E-BP–Dependent Translational Control ofIrf8Mediates Adipose Tissue Macrophage Inflammatory Response
Authors: Pearl Dana , Katsumura Sakie , Amiri Mehdi , Tabatabaei Negar , Zhang Xu , Vinette Valerie , Pang Xinhe , Beug Shawn T. , Kim Sung-Hoon , Jones Laura M. , Robichaud Nathaniel , Ong Sang-Ging , Jia Jian-Jun , Ali Hamza , Tremblay Michel L. , Jaramillo Maritza , Alain Tommy , Morita Masahiro , Sonenberg Nahum , Tahmasebi Soroush 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDeregulation of mRNA translation engenders many human disorders, including obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, and is associated with pathogen infections. The role of eIF4E-dependent translational control in macrophage inflammatory responses in vivo is largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the translation inhibitors eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) in the regulation of macrophage inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. We show that the lack of 4E-BPs exacerbates inflammatory polarization of bone marrow–derived macrophages and that 4E-BP–null adipose tissue macrophages display enhanced inflammatory gene expression following exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD). The exaggerated inflammatory response in HFD-fed 4E-BP–null mice coincides with significantly higher weight gain, higher Irf8 mRNA translation, and increased expression of IRF8 in adipose tissue compared with wild-type mice. Thus, 4E-BP–dependent translational control limits, in part, the proinflammatory response during HFD. These data underscore the activity of the 4E-BP–IRF8 axis as a paramount regulatory mechanism of proinflammatory responses in adipose tissue macrophages.
TNF-α and IL-10 Control CXCL13 Expression in Human Macrophages
Authors: Bellamri Nessrine , Viel Roselyne , Morzadec Claudie , Lecureur Valérie , Joannes Audrey , de Latour Bertrand , Llamas-Gutierrez Francisco , Wollin Lutz , Jouneau Stéphane , Vernhet Laurent 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The chemokine CXCL13 controls the normal organization of secondary lymphoid tissues and the neogenesis of ectopic lymphoid structures in nonlymphoid organs, particularly the lungs. The progression and severity of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a fatal and irreversible interstitial lung disease, is predicted by the circulating blood concentrations of CXCL13. Although CXCL13 is produced by pulmonary tissues, it has not been determined which cells are involved. This study examines CXCL13 production by lung tissue macrophages from patients with IPF and the signaling pathways controlling CXCL13 gene expression in human alveolar macrophages (AM) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MoDM). CXCL13 is found in CD68- and CD206-positive AM from patients with IPF, and the CXCL13 gene is induced in these macrophages and MoDM when they are stimulated with LPS. We found that TNF-α and IL-10 control optimal CXCL13 gene expression in MoDM and possibly in AM by activating the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways, respectively. We also found that blood TNF-α and CXCL13 concentrations are significantly correlated in patients with IPF, suggesting that TNF-α contributes to CXCL13 production in humans. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that AM from patients with IPF produces CXCL13 and that the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways are required to induce the expression of this major chemokine.
Regulatory T Cells Limit Pneumococcus-Induced Exacerbation of Lung Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Moyé Steffi , Bormann Tina , Maus Regina , Sparwasser Tim , Sandrock Inga , Prinz Immo , Warnecke Gregor , Welte Tobias , Gauldie Jack , Kolb Martin , Maus Ulrich A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can experience life-threatening episodes of acute worsening of their disease, termed acute exacerbation of IPF, which may be caused by bacterial and/or viral infections. The potential for regulatory T cells (Tregs) to limit disease progression in bacterially triggered fibrosis exacerbation has not been explored so far. In the current study, we show that the number of Tregs was significantly increased in mice with established AdTGF-β1–induced lung fibrosis and further increased in mice with pneumococcal infection–induced lung fibrosis exacerbation. Diphtheria toxin–induced depletion of Tregs significantly worsened infection-induced fibrosis exacerbation as determined by increased lung collagen deposition, lung histology, and elevated pulmonary Th1/Th2 cytokine levels. Conversely, IL-2 complex–induced Treg expansion in wild-type mice with established lung fibrosis completely inhibited pneumococcal infection–induced fibrosis exacerbation as efficaciously as antibiotic treatment while preserving lung antibacterial immunity in mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of Tregs as “silencers,” suppressing infection-induced exacerbation of lung fibrosis in mice, and their expansion may offer a novel adjunctive treatment to limit acute exacerbations in patients with IPF.
Baby’s First Macrophage: Temporal Regulation of Hofbauer Cell Phenotype Influences Ligand-Mediated Innate Immune Responses across Gestation
Authors: Swieboda Dominika , Johnson Erica L. , Beaver Jacob , Haddad Lisa , Enninga Elizabeth Ann L. , Hathcock Matthew , Cordes Sarah , Jean Valerie , Lane Ivy , Skountzou Ioanna , Chakraborty Rana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe importance of fetal placental macrophages (Hofbauer cell [HCs]) is underscored by their appearance 18 d postconception and maintenance through term; however, how human HCs evolve during healthy pregnancy and how microenvironment and ontogeny impact phenotype and function remain unknown. In this study, we comprehensively classify human HCs ex vivo, interrogate phenotypic plasticity, and characterize antiviral immune responses through gestation. Activated HCs were abundant in early pregnancy and decreased by term; molecular signatures emphasize inflammatory phenotypes early in gestation. Frequency of HCs with regulatory phenotypes remained high through term. Furthermore, term HCs exhibited blunted responses to stimulation, indicating reduced plasticity. IFN-λ1 is a key placental IFN that appeared less protective than IFN-α, suggesting a potential weakness in antiviral immunity. Ligand-specific responses were temporally regulated: we noted an absence of inflammatory mediators and reduced antiviral gene transcription following RIG-I activation at term despite all HCs producing inflammatory mediators following IFN-γ plus LPS stimulation. Collectively, we demonstrate sequential, evolving immunity as part of the natural history of HCs through gestation.