bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of Iberia–Eurasia plate‐boundary basins: Role of sedimentary burial and salt tectonics during rifting and continental breakup
Authors: Saspiturry Nicolas , Issautier Benoit , Razin Philippe , Baudin Thierry , Asti Riccardo , Lagabrielle Yves , Allanic Cécile , Serrano Olivier , Duretz Thibault 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe document the role of sedimentary burial and salt tectonics in controlling the deformation style of continental crust during hyperextension. The Iberian‐European boundary records a complex history of Cretaceous continental extension, which has led to the development of so‐called smooth‐slope type basins. Based on the review of the available geological constraints (crustal‐balanced cross‐sections, sedimentary profile evolution, RSCM thermometer, low‐temperature thermochronology) and geophysical data (Bouguer anomaly, Moho depth, seismic reflection profiles and Vp/Vs velocity models) on the Tartas, Arzacq, Cameros, Parentis, Columbrets, Mauléon, Basque‐Cantabrian and Internal Metamorphic Zone basins, we shed light on the main characteristics of this type of basin. This synthesis indicates that crustal thinning was influenced by two decoupling horizons: the middle crust and Triassic prerift salt, initially located between the basement and prerift sedimentary cover. These two horizons remained active throughout basin formation and were responsible for depth‐dependent thinning of the crust and syn‐rift salt tectonics. We therefore identify several successive deformation phases involving (a) pure shear dominated thinning, (b) simple shear dominated thinning and (c) continental breakup. In the first phase, distributed deformation resulted in the development of a symmetric basin. Field observations indicate that the middle and lower crust were under dominantly ductile conditions at this stage. In the second phase, deformation was localised along a crustal detachment rooted between the crust and the mantle and connecting upwards with Triassic prerift salt. During continental breakup, basin shoulders recorded the occurrence of brittle deformation, whereas the hyperextended domain remained under predominantly ductile thinning. The formation of smooth‐slope‐type extensional basins was intrinsically linked to the combined deposition of thick syn‐rift and breakup sequences, and regional salt tectonics. They induced significant burial and allowed the continental crust and the prerift sequence to deform under high temperature conditions from the rifting to continental breakup stages.
Dysregulation of the orexin/hypocretin system is not limited to narcolepsy but has far‐reaching implications for neurological disorders
Authors: Berteotti Chiara , Liguori Claudio , Pace Marta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeuropeptides orexin A and B (OX‐A/B, also called hypocretin 1 and 2) are released selectively by a population of neurons which projects widely into the entire central nervous system but is localized in a restricted area of the tuberal region of the hypothalamus, caudal to the paraventricular nucleus. The OX system prominently targets brain structures involved in the regulation of wake–sleep state switching, and also orchestrates multiple physiological functions. The degeneration and dysregulation of the OX system promotes narcoleptic phenotypes both in humans and animals. Hence, this review begins with the already proven involvement of OX in narcolepsy, but it mainly discusses the new pre‐clinical and clinical insights of the role of OX in three major neurological disorders characterized by sleep impairment which have been recently associated with OX dysfunction, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke and Prader Willi syndrome, and have been emerged over the past 10 years to be strongly associated with the OX dysfunction and should be more considered in the future. In the light of the impairment of the OX system in these neurological disorders, it is conceivable to speculate that the integrity of the OX system is necessary for a healthy functioning body.
Greater decline of acute stroke admissions compared with acute coronary syndromes during COVID‐19 outbreak in Greece: Cerebro/cardiovascular implications amidst a second wave surge
Authors: Katsouras Christos , Karapanayiotides Theodoros , Papafaklis Michail , Giannopoulos Sotirios , Ziakas Antonios , Sianos George , Papagiannopoulou Georgia , Koutroulou Ioanna , Varytimiadi Eythimia , Kosmidou Maria , Naka Katerina , Michalis Lampros K. , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeA remarkable decline in admissions for acute stroke and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been reported in countries severely hit by the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, limited data are available from countries with less COVID‐19 burden focusing on concurrent stroke and ACS hospitalisation rates from the same population.MethodsThe study was conducted in three geographically and demographically representative COVID‐19 referral university hospitals in Greece. We recorded the rate of stroke and ACS hospital admissions during a 6‐week period of the COVID‐19 outbreak in 2020 and compared them with the rates of the corresponding period in 2019.ResultsWe found a greater relative reduction of stroke admissions (51% [35 vs. 71]; incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.49, p = 0.001) compared with ACS admissions (27% [123 vs. 168]; IRR: 0.73, p = 0.009) during the COVID‐19 outbreak (p = 0.097). Fewer older (>65 years) patients (stroke: 34.3% vs. 45.1%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.64, p = 0.291; ACS: 39.8% vs. 54.2%, OR: 0.56, p = 0.016) were admitted during the COVID‐19 compared with the control period.ConclusionsHospitalisation rates both for stroke and ACS were reduced during the COVID‐19 outbreak in a country with strict social distancing measures, low COVID‐19 incidence and low population mortality. Lack of triggers for stroke and ACS during social distancing/quarantining may explain these observations. However, medical care avoidance attitudes among cerebro/cardiovascular patients should be dissipated amidst the rising second COVID‐19 wave.
Evaluation of eosinopenia as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator in COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Soni Mamta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionEosinopenia has been observed during infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the causative agent of COVID‐19. This study evaluated the role of eosinopenia as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator in COVID‐19 infection.MethodsInformation on 429 patients with confirmed COVID‐19, admitted to Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India between 04 June 2020 to 15 August 2020, was retrospectively collected through electronic records and analysed.Results79.25% of the patients included in the study had eosinopenia on admission. The median eosinophil count in COVID‐19‐positive patients was 0.015 × 109/L, and in negative patients, it was 0.249 × 109/L. Eighteen per cent of the positive patients presented with 0 eosinophil count. Eosinopenia for early diagnosis of COVID‐19 had a sensitivity of 80.68% and specificity of 100% with an accuracy of 85.24. Role of eosinopenia in prognostication of COVID‐19 was found to be insignificant. There was no statistically significant difference between the median eosinophil counts in survivors and nonsurvivors. Eosinophil trends during the course of disease were found to be similar between survivors and nonsurvivors.ConclusionsEosinopenia on admission is a reliable and convenient early diagnostic marker for COVID‐19 infection, helping in early identification, triaging and isolation of the patients till nucleic acid test results are available. Role of eosinopenia as a prognostic indicator is insignificant.
Payment of Universal Credit for couples in the UK: Challenges for reform from a gender perspective
Authors: Howard Marilyn , Bennett Fran 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUniversal Credit has been rolled out gradually in the United Kingdom since 2013 as one integrated means‐tested benefit replacing six different transfers with a single monthly payment. Previously, these benefits were awarded for distinct purposes and, for couples who claimed them, were potentially payable to different partners. Concerns about Universal Credit’s single payment include the opportunities it may create for facilitating domestic abuse, the fostering of more unequal power relations within couples, the reduction of financial autonomy for individuals, and the de‐labelling of benefit payments. This article explores debates about the prospects for individual payments to partners in couples of Universal Credit as a jointly assessed integrated means‐tested benefit, including different approaches emerging from the United Kingdom’s devolved governments (mainly Scotland and Northern Ireland). Whilst payment to each partner is likely to be more feasible where there are separate rather than integrated means‐tested benefits, it concludes that genuine financial autonomy for partners in couples is best pursued via individually based non‐means‐tested benefits.
Extending pension coverage in Cambodia: The governance and investment challenges of the Social Security Investment Fund
Authors: Hiilamo Heikki , Bitinas Audrius , Chân Narith 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRapid economic growth, declining fertility and changes in family structures have encouraged the Kingdom of Cambodia to reform its old‐age pension system. The Government of Cambodia reached an important milestone in 2019, when the Law on Social Security was promulgated. The Law includes provisions for a compulsory defined benefit pension scheme, establishing a sound framework for extending compulsory pension coverage beyond the public sector to formal private‐sector workers. As a future step, the compulsory pension scheme should be extended to informal workers. To accompany the reform, the investment policy for the pension scheme’s reserve funds, including the supervisory regime and investment strategy, will be essential for the modernization of the Cambodian social security system. In this regard, Cambodia has successfully sought policy advice. However, the country should continue to seek further advice, and to act on this. Otherwise, the necessary and increasingly pressing policy ambitions of Cambodia to develop an adequate and sustainable social protection system may not be fully realized.
Witnessing racial discrimination shapes collective action for racial justice: Enhancing awareness of privilege among advantaged groups
Authors: Uluğ Özden Melis , Tropp Linda R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThree studies tested whether witnessing incidents of racial discrimination targeting Black people may motivate White people to engage in collective action for racial justice. In studies of White Americans (Study 1) and self‐identified White activist “allies” (Study 2), witnessing incidents of racial discrimination predicted greater willingness to participate in collective action for racial justice, through the pathway of enhanced awareness of racial privilege. Studies 1 and 2 showed that awareness of racial privilege uniquely predicted the link between witnessing incidents of racial discrimination and willingness to participate in collective action for racial justice; these effects were consistent both with and without controlling for Whites’ sense of identification with their own racial group. Study 3 tested experimentally how witnessing incidents of racial discrimination may compel White people to become more motivated to engage in collective action for racial justice. Compared to those in a control condition, White participants who were randomly assigned to watch a brief video depicting recent discriminatory incidents targeting Black people (e.g., Starbucks incident in Philadelphia, housing incident at Yale University) tended to show greater motivation to engage in collective action for racial justice, an effect accounted for largely by enhanced awareness of racial privilege. How witnessing incidents of racial discrimination can transform views of privilege and willingness to stand up for racial justice among members of advantaged racial groups is discussed.
The relation of cephalometric features to internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Shu Chang , Xiong Xin , Huang Liwei , Liu Yang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo review and summarize the data on the relationship between craniofacial morphology features and internal derangement (ID) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).MethodA systematic review was designed and registered at PROSPERO, CRD42019132731. The PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases were searched for cephalometric studies comparing craniofacial morphology between female patients with TMJ ID and controls. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for quality assessment. Weighted mean differences for cephalometric measurements were pooled for subsequent meta‐analysis.ResultFrom the establishment date to August 2020, 14 of 1038 collected records were selected, which consisted of 772 patients with TMJ ID and 423 controls. These records were eventually pooled for the designed statistical analysis after the NOS quality assessment. Compared with the controls, TMJ ID patients had obviously smaller, retruded and clockwise‐rotated mandible, showing significantly decreased S‐Na, S‐Go, Go‐Me, Ar‐Pog, Ar‐Go, SNB, Na perp Pog, and increased FH‐MP, SN‐MP, PP‐MP, SN to Ar‐Go, S‐Ar‐Go and ANB.ConclusionCertain craniofacial morphology features were found strongly associated with the presence of TMJ ID, especially the size and position of the mandible.
The effect of topical chamomile in the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Elhadad Mahmoud Ahmed , El‐Negoumy Ehsan , Taalab Maha R. , Ibrahim Reham S. , Elsaka Rasha O. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo clinically assess the effectiveness of topical chamomile oral gel in the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis.Material and methodsA parallel single‐blind randomized clinical trial conducted on 45 patients who were undergoing chemotherapy. Patients were assigned to three equal groups. Group I received conventional symptomatic treatment that included antifungal agents (Miconaz oral gel, Medical Union Pharmaceuticals), topical anesthetics, and anti‐inflammatory agent (BBC oral spray, Amoun Pharmaceutical Company) three times per day for three weeks, group II received 3% chamomile topical oral gel, whereas group III patients were given both conventional symptomatic treatment and chamomile topical oral gel. All patients were clinically assessed for pain and oral mucositis severity at three separate time intervals: 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks.ResultsMost patients experienced oral mucositis with more severity reported in the conventional group (grade III = 6.7%) compared to the other two groups, neither of which developed more than grade II. Mean pain scores showed no significant difference between the groups, but intragroup analysis showed that pain score increased in the conventional treatment group more than the other two groups.ConclusionTopical chamomile 3% gel has demonstrated in this study to lower the severity of the mucositis with lower pain scores compared to the other two groups.
Breeding of tetra null soybean (Glycine max) for lipoxygenase, kunitz trypsin inhibitor, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins
Authors: Choi Sang Woo , Chae Won Gi , Kang Gyung Young , Chung Jong Il 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSoybean seed includes various bioactive substances. Also, they contain a variety of antinutritional factors including lipoxygenase, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. The genetic removal of these proteins will improve the nutritional value of soybean seed. The objective of this research was to breed new soybean with tetra recessive alleles (lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1) for lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins. Seven parents were used to breed tetra null strain. SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis were used to determine the presence or absence of lipoxygenase, 7S α' subunit, KTI, and lectin proteins in mature seed. Tetra null soybean line has a purple flower, determinate growth habit, tan pod, and yellow seed coat colour. Stem height of the breeding line was 62.3 cm. The 100‐seed weight of the breeding line was 27.1 g and yield (t/ha) was 2.84. This is the first soybean strain with lox1lox2lox3/lox1lox2lox3‐ti/ti‐le/le‐cgy1/cgy1 genotype (absence of lipoxygenase, KTI, lectin, and 7S α' subunit proteins).
Outcome of a thorough screening of lower urinary tract function in all pediatric kidney recipients
Authors: De Wall Liesbeth Lilian , Oomen Loes , Glaap‐Roeven Femke , Feitz Wout Fransiscus , Bootsma‐Robroeks Charlotte Magdalena Hubertus Hubertina Theodorus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLUTD is one of the possible factors influencing pediatric kidney graft outcomes. This study evaluates the results of a thorough assessment of voiding behavior in pediatric transplants. Data of patients with kidney disease of nephrological origin are compared to those with urological origin. A single‐center analysis of pediatric kidney transplants performed from 2005 to the present was executed. Donor and recipient characteristics as well as voiding and drinking habits were documented using FVCs and uroflowmetry with PVR measurements. LUTD was defined by a mean MVV >150% or <65% of the EBC for age, abnormal uroflowmetry, PVR repeatedly >15% of EBC or >20 mL, abnormal voiding patterns or behavior, and presence of LUT symptoms. LUTD was diagnosed in 71% of the 56 screened children and more present in urological origin of kidney disease (100%) compared to nephrological origin (61%, P = .005). Individual presence of LUT symptoms, abnormal voiding behavior, FVC parameters, UTIs, and uroflowmetry/PVR parameters were not different between the two groups. Polyuria after transplantation was seen in 63% of patients, mainly in the first post‐transplant years and recipients aged <10 years. Time after transplantation was a significant independent predictive factor for the presence of LUTD. LUTD is common in all pediatric kidney recipients and underestimated in those with a nephrological origin of disease. Active screening, monitoring and a care attention plan prior to transplantation and during follow‐up, is advocated to optimize outcomes for all patients.
The mantle, CO2and the giant Aptian chemogenic lacustrine carbonate factory of the South Atlantic: Some carbonates are made, not born
Authors: Wright V. Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDuring the Aptian (Cretaceous), in what is now the South Atlantic, the largest chemogenic (abiotic) carbonate factory so far identified in the Phanerozoic geological record developed as a vast hyper‐alkaline lake system. This covered at least 330 000 km2, producing carbonates, locally over 500 m thick, in what are now the offshore Santos and Campos basins (Brazil), and Kwanza Basin (Angola). Current evidence supports the view that almost all of this carbonate was chemogenic in origin, precipitated from hyper‐alkaline, shallow lake waters, probably by evaporation. This unit, best documented from offshore Brazil and known as the Barra Velha Formation (Santos Basin) and the Macabu Formation (Campos Basin), consists of just two basic carbonate components, millimetre to centimetre sized crystal shrubs and spherulites. These are commonlyin situbut can also be reworked into a range of detrital facies. Demonstrable microbialites are generally rare. These carbonates are associated with Mg silicates (as clays) which had a profound influence not only on the textural development of thein situcarbonates, but also on their diagenesis. The dissolution of the clays produced much of the porosity in these limestones, which are the hosts for multi‐billion barrel oil fields. The source of the carbonate was most likely from metasomatic alteration of mafic rocks, such as continental flood basalts related to Atlantic opening, with some contribution from much older continental basement. Clear evidence that serpentinization of possible exhumed mantle is lacking but mantle CO2is likely to have been a critical factor in determining the composition of the fluids from which the carbonates formed and the high alkalinities of the lake waters.
Investigation of the Optimum Surface Roughness of AISI 5120 Steel by Using a Running-in Attractor
Authors: Ding Cong , Sun Guodong , Zhou Zhenyu , Piao Zhongyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To investigate the influence of surface roughnesses on the dynamic characteristics of AISI 5120 steel in sliding friction process, a suite of running-in experiments are performed on a pin-on-disk tribometer. The running-in attractor is used to analyze the high-dimensional features of a friction system under different surface roughnesses. The experimental results show that the roughnesses of different original surfaces evolve to the same value in stable wear stage. The pin-on-disk friction system has a chaotic nature and exists a running-in attractor. The original surface of a disk of Ra = 0.953 μm is the most conducive to shorten the running-in duration, reduce the friction coefficient value, and improve the stability of the friction system. This roughness value is termed as the optimum surface roughness. It is an ideal working surface for the friction pair in the running-in design.
Canonical Implementation of Simplified Spherical Harmonics (SPL) in the Neutron Diffusion Code AZNHEX
Authors: Muñoz-Peña Guillermo , del Valle Gallegos Edmundo , Gomez-Torres Armando 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The SPL approximation has been used to improve the accuracy of neutron transport solvers and has been widely used thanks to the diffusion like equations that can be solved with traditional diffusion codes. The objective of this work is to extend the AZtlan Nodal HEXagonal (AZNHEX) diffusion code capabilities to include SPL approximation. For achieving this goal, an independent preprocessor has been developed to determine new specific neutronic parameters based on the canonical form of the SPL approximation. The SPL neutronic parameters are used to conform an extended system of diffusion like differential equations that can be discretized and solved numerically. The degree of SPL approximation defines the number of equations. Since the original AZNHEX code solves one diffusion equation by means of an algebraic system (matrix) with size depending on energy groups, an artificial increase in the number of energy groups allows to increase the matrix order by adding additional rows and columns to the original matrix depending on the SPL order, SP3 increases the matrix order by two times, SP5 three times and SP7 four times. Two exercises are presented. The initial one for verification purposes in which the effects of mesh refinement and increase of SPL approximation degree are presented and discussed. It was shown that the percentage error between successive SPL approximations reduces in a consistent manner as the order of SPL approximation increases. A second case is presented for validation against a transport code. In this case it was shown that keff values approach asymptotically to the transport solver solution as the SPL degree of approximation increases and as mesh is finer.