bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin-Loaded Emulsomes on Laser Axotomy-Induced CNS Injury Model
Authors: Yilmaz Elif Nur , Bay Sadik , Ozturk Gurkan , Ucisik Mehmet Hikmet 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Curcumin, a polyphenol isolated from the rhizomes of turmeric, holds a great potential as a neuroprotective agent along with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. Its poor bioavailability and low stability in water lie as foremost restraints against the clinical use. This study aims at investigating the neuroprotective effect of curcumin on axonal injury by delivering the lipophilic polyphenol to primary hippocampal neuron by means of a lipid-based drug delivery system, named emulsomes.
Methods

To study the neuroregeneration on ex vivo, an injury model was established through single-cell laser axotomy on hippocampal neurites. Upon treatment with curcumin-loaded emulsomes (CurcuEmulsomes), curcumin and CurcuEmulsome uptake into neurons were verified by 3-dimensional z-stack images acquired with confocal microscopy. Neuron survival after axonal injury were tracked by PI and Hoechst staining. Alterations in expression levels of physiological markers such as anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2, apoptotic marker cleaved caspase 3, neuroprotective marker Wnt3a and the neuronal survival marker mTOR were investigated by immunocytochemistry analyses.
Results

Results indicated significant improvement in the survival rates of injured neurons upon CurcuEmulsome treatment. Bcl-2 expression became significantly higher for injured neurons treated with curcumin or CurcuEmulsome. Caspase 3 expressions decreased in both curcumin- and CurcuEmulsome-treatments, whereas Wnt3a and mTOR expressions did not alter significantly.
Conclusions

The established laser-axotomy model was exposed as a reliable methodology to study neurodegenerative models ex vivo. CurcuEmulsomes delivered curcumin to primary hippocampal neurons successfully. Treated with CurcuEmulsomes, injured hippocampal neurons benefit from neuroprotective effects of curcumin in terms of higher survival rate and increased anti-apoptotic marker levels.
The neuroprotective effects of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor against mutant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1-mediated toxicity
Authors: Hozumi Isao , Ito Taisei , Inden Masatoshi , Ueda Tomoyuki , Asaka Yuta , Kurita Hisaka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective and progressive loss of motor neurons. Although many drugs have entered clinical trials, few have shown effectiveness in the treatment of ALS. Previous studies searching for causal genes associated with familial ALS identified the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Other studies have shown that the stimulation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) can have neuroprotective effects in some models of neurodegenerative disease, as well as prevent glutamate-induced motor neuronal death. However, the effect of α7 nAChR agonists on mutant SOD1 aggregates in motor neurons remains unclear.MethodsWe examined whether α7 nAChR activation had a neuroprotective effect against SOD1G85R-induced toxicity in a cellular model for ALS. Furthermore, the mechanism was also examined by Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR.ResultsWe found that α7 nAChR activation showed significant neuroprotective effects against SOD1G85R-induced toxicity via the reduction of intracellular protein aggregates. This reduction also correlated with the activation of autophagy through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)–mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Furthermore, the activation of α7 nAChRs was found to increase the biogenesis of lysosomes by inducing translocation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB) into the nucleus.ConclusionsThese results support the therapeutic potential of α7 nAChR activation in diseases that are characterized by SOD1G85R aggregates, such as ALS.
Gotfried reduction and cannulated screws fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in young adults
Authors: Huang Kai , Fang Xiaohui , Li Guijun , Yue Jiajun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Although many available surgical procedures for displaced femoral neck fractures in young patients, there are still many challenges to achieve satisfactory results. The incidence of avascular necrosis and nonunion rates remain relatively high despite the progress in our understanding and surgical technique. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of gotfried reduction and cannulated screw fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fracture for young adults.Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on 67 cases from May 2013 to March 2019. They were divided into three groups according to the first postoperative anteroposterior view of hip X-ray: Anatomic reduction (group A), Gotfried positive buttress reduction (group B), and Gotfried negative buttress reduction (group C). The incidence of avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AVN) and the Harris scores of hip joints were compared in three groups at the last follow-up.Results: There were 21 cases (mean age,49.7 ± 11.6) in group A, 24 cases (mean age, 48.6 ± 11.3) in group B, 22 cases (mean age,48.3 ± 12.4) in group C. No significant difference in general preoperative demographics (P>0．05).The incidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head in Group A, B, and C was 19.05%,20.83%, and 22.73 %, respectively, showing no significant difference between groups(P=0．156). The mean Harris hip scores at the final follow-up for groups A (85．6±6．7)and B (84．5±6．2) were significantly higher than group C (74．3±8.3), and the difference was statistically significant(P=0．043).Conclusions: Gotfried positive buttress reduction and fixation for femoral neck fracture may lead to similar clinical results with anatomic reduction, but much better than Gotfried negative buttress reduction. For the patients of femoral neck fracture with severe displacement and difficulty in reduction, it is not necessary to pursue anatomical reduction。Achieving positive valgus reduction can also obtain satisfactory clinical results, and should try to avoid negative buttress.
Feasibility and Long-Term Safety of Ho:YAG Laser Lithotripsy in Broncholithiasis Patients
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Wang Guangfa , Zhang Wei , Zhang Hong , Wang Xi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Treatment of broncholithiasis is complex, especially in the case of a large or transbronchial broncholith. Holmium-yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho:YAG) laser lithotripsy may be a useful treatment in broncholithiasis; however, as it is not yet common practice, the optimal parameters are unknown.Objectives We investigated the feasibility and long-term safety of Ho:YAG lithotripsy in broncholithiasis patients.Method We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 13 broncholithiasis patients who underwent Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy from May 2012 to October 2018.Result For the 13 patients (2 males and 11 females), Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy was performed 17 times, in total. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia with rigid bronchoscopy. We initially set the Ho:YAG laser to a pulse frequency of 5 Hz and a pulse energy of 0.8 J, gradually increasing these as required. The pulse frequency range we employed was 5-15 Hz, and the pulse energy range was 0.8-1.6 J. All broncholiths were successfully extracted after lithotripsy, and all symptoms improved. Hemoptysis, bronchial esophageal fistula, and pneumonia were the most common complications; however, there were no long-term complications.Conclusions Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy is an effective and safe treatment for broncholithiasis, over a long-term follow up.
Data Quality of the Routine Health Management Information System at the Primary Healthcare Facility and District Levels in Tanzania
Authors: RUMISHA SUSAN F. , LYIMO EMANUEL P. , MREMI IRENE R. , TUNGU PATRICK K. , MWINGIRA VICTOR S. , MBATA DORIS , MALEKIA SIA E. , JOACHIM CATHERINE , Mboera Leonard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Effective planning for disease prevention and control requiresaccurate, adequately-analysed, interpreted and communicated data. This study assessed the quality of routine Health Management Information System (HMIS) data at healthcare facility (HF) and district levels in Tanzania. Methods: HMIS tools used at primary health care facilities (dispensary, health centre, hospital) and district office were reviewed to assess their availability, completeness, and accuracy of collected data. The assessment involved seven health service areas namely, Outpatient department, Inpatient department, Antenatal care, Family Planning, Post-natal care, Labour and Delivery and Provider-initiated Testing and Counselling.Results: A total of 115 HFs in 11 districts were assessed. Registers (availability rate=91.1%; interquartile range (IQR):66.7%-100%) and reportforms (86.9%;IQR:62.2%-100%) were the most utilized tools. There was a limited use of tally-sheets (77.8%;IQR:35.6%-100%). Tools availability at dispensary was 91.1%, health-centre 82.2% and hospital 77.8%, and was poor in urban districts. The availability rate atthe district level was 65% (IQR:48%-75%). Reports were highly over-represented in comparison to registers’ records, with large differences observed at HF phase of the data journey and more profound in hospitals.Tool availability and data quality varied by service-areas, indicators, facility level, and districts, however, with a remarkable improvement over the years.Conclusion: There are high variations and improvements in the tool utilisation and data accuracy at facility and district levels. The routine HMIS is weak and data at district level inaccurately reflects what is available at the HFs. These results highlight the need to design tailored and inter-service strategies for improving data quality.
Comparative Mapping and Correlation Analysis Revealed Differentiation in the Genetic Basis of Stem Trichome Development Between Cultivated Tetraploid Cotton Species
Authors: Yuan Rong , Cao Yuefen , Li Tengyu , Yang Feng , Yu Li , Qin Yuan , Du Xiongming , Liu Fang , Ding Mingquan , Jiang Yurong , Zhang Hua , Paterson Andrew H. , Rong Junkang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Cotton stem trichomes and seed fibers are each single celled structures formed by protrusions of epidermal cells, and were found sharing the overlapping molecular mechanism . Compared with fibers, cotton stem trichomes are more easily observed, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their development are still poorly understood. Results: In this study, Gossypium hirsutum (Gh ) and G . barbadense ( Gb ) were found to differ greatly in percentages of varieties/accessions with glabrous stems and in trichome density, length, and number per trichopore. Gh varieties normally had long singular and clustered trichomes, while Gb varieties had short clustered trichomes. Genetic mapping using five F2 populations from crosses between glabrous varieties and those with different types of stem trichomes revealed that much variation among stem trichome phenotypes could be accounted for by different combinations of genes/alleles on Chr.06 and Chr.24. The twenty six F1 generations from crosses between varieties with different types of trichomes had varied phenotypes, further suggesting that the trichomes of tetraploid cotton were controlled by different genes/alleles. Compared to modern varieties, a greater proportion of Gh wild accessions were glabrous or had shorter and denser trichomes; whereas a smaller proportion of Gb primitive accessions had glabrous stems. A close correlation between fuzz fiber number and stem trichome density was observed in both Gh and Gb primitive accessions and modern varieties. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we hypothesize that stem trichomes evolved in parallel with seed fibers during the domestication of cultivated tetraploid cotton. In addition, the current results illustrated that stem trichome can be used as a morphological index of fiber quality in cotton conventional breeding.
Effectiveness of Assertive Case Management for Patients with Suicidal Intent Admitted to Emergency Departments Following Attempted Suicide by Self-Poisoning: A Secondary Analysis of the ACTION-J Study
Authors: Inui-Yukawa Masami , Miyaoka Hitoshi , Yamamoto Kenji , Kamijo Yoshito , Takai Michiko , Yonemoto Naohiro , Kawanishi Chiaki , Otsuka Kotaro , Tachikawa Hirokazu , Hirayasu Yoshio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Self-poisoning is commonly observed in individuals as a component of suicide attempts and self-harm. The effectiveness of interventions for self-poisoning is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of assertive case management intervention in preventing suicidal behaviour in self-poisoning patients.Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the ACTION-J study. Participants were self-poisoning patients with clear suicidal intent who were admitted to emergency departments and who had a primary psychiatric diagnosis (as per DSM-IV-TR axis 1). Patients were randomly assigned either to assertive case management (intervention group) or enhanced usual care (control group). The primary outcome measure was the incidence of a first recurrent suicidal attempt within 6 months after group assignment.Results: There were 297 self-poisoning patients in the intervention group and 295 in the control group. The primary outcome was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (risk ratio [RR]: 0.473, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.284 to 0.788). The incidence of a first recurrent suicidal attempt within 1 and 3 months after group assignment was also significantly lower in the intervention group, as was the number of overall self-harm episodes over the entire study period (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.711, 95% CI: 0.582 to 0.866). Furthermore, the number of non-suicidal self-harm episodes and suicide attempts was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group.Conclusion: Assertive case management is effective when promptly introduced in a hospital setting as an intervention following a suicide attempt, particularly for self-poisoning patients.Trial Registration: This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00736918) and UMIN-CTR (C000000444).
Synovial Fluid Ghrelin Levels in Patients With or Without Cartilage Injury Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Mao Zimu , Chen Zeyi , Wang Xinjie , Sun Zewen , Guan Jian , Jiang Dong , Yu Jiakuo , Zhang Jiying 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives

The aim of our study was to measure synovial fluid levels of ghrelin in patients with ACL injury to evaluate its potential function as a diagnostic biomarker for cartilage injury.
Methods

Patients were prospectively recruited in this study, compromising a cohort of subjects that had synovial fluid samples collected. Patients’ synovial fluid sampling was collected to evaluate ghrelin level. Venous blood samples were taken from all subjects to test inflammation markers IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-3, MMP-13 and also serum ghrelin level. Correlation between synovial fluid ghrelin level and inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed using spearman’s correlation analysis. The best cut-off of synovial fluid ghrelin level was defined using Medcalc.
Results

Patients in the ACL reconstruction with cartilage damage had lowest synovial fluid ghrelin level (ACL reconstruction with cartilage damage group: 264.6±65 pg/ml, ACL reconstruction without cartilage damage group: 466.8±92.6 pg/ml, healthy controls: 471.5±89.3 pg/ml, P < 0.001). Synovial fluid ghrelin level was negatively associated with IL-6 (r=-0.700, P < 0.001), MMP-3 (r=-0.702, P < 0.001) and MANKIN score (r=-0.768, P < 0.001). Patients with synovial fluid ghrelin level ≤ 333 pg/ml had higher chance of cartilage injury with specificity of 91.7% and sensitivity of 87.5%.
Discussion

In conclusion, synovial fluid ghrelin was a useful biomarker to predict cartilage injury for patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Synovial fluid ghrelin was negatively correlated with IL-6, MMP-3 and MANKIN score. Synovial fluid ghrelin ≤ 333 pg/ml was a useful biomarker for cartilage damage in patients with ACL injury.
Less&nbsp;Invasive&nbsp;Surfactant&nbsp;Administration&nbsp;via&nbsp;Thin&nbsp;Catheter&nbsp;in&nbsp;Late&nbsp;Preterm&nbsp;Infants&nbsp;With&nbsp;Respiratory&nbsp;Distress&nbsp;Syndrome
Authors: Arenas Juan José Agüera , Guiard María del Valle Viedma , García Cristina Martínez , Martínez Olga Micol , Saura Miguel Alcaraz , Crespo María del Rocío Pérez , Pidre Manuel Cidrás 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) has been increasingly investigated, since neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) due to surfactant deficiency is associated with high morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. However, this technique has been barely studied in late preterm newborns with RDS. In the present study, we analyzed the use of LISA using a thin catheter in late preterm infants with RDS who required noninvasive ventilation (NIV).Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on late preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit –­ Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital in Murcia (Spain), between June 2017­­­ and March 2020. Maternal and prenatal data, as well as safety and efficacy variables related to the technique were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: A total of 20 patients were included. The mean gestational age was 35 (341/7-366/7) weeks. There were 12 males (60.0%) and 8 females (40.0%). Seven infants (35.0%) received prenatal corticosteroids for fetal lung maturation. Mothers had a mean age of 31.0 (16-40) years and only one had a medical condition (HELLP syndrome). The more frequent type of delivery was C-section (75.0%). Ten newborns (50.0%) required resuscitation to breathe with nCPAP or nIPPV, with no signs of acute fetal distress. Before LISA, mean pCO2, pH and FiO2 values were 53 (40-81) mmHg, 7.28 (7.19-7.48), and 0.41 (0.3-0.6), respectively. Thirteen patients (65.0%) were treated with nCPAP and seven (35.0%) with nIPPV. Premedications administered were caffeine (50.0%) and ketamine/morphine sedation (20.0%). During LISA, oxygen saturation decreased in fifteen patients (75.0%). Redosing was needed in two infants (10.0%). Response was favorable, with a rapid and sustained reduction in FiO2 (FiO2 of 0.21 in 85.0% of cases) and NIV mean time of 70 hours. Patients with final diagnosis of RDS (90.0%) did not required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). No severe comorbidities and no deaths occurred.Conclusions: LISA procedure was a safe and effective method of surfactant delivery in late premature neonates with RDS, improving respiratory outcomes with no need for IMV. These findings add to the knowledge of respiratory management of late preterm infants.
Study on the isoprene-producing co-culture system of Synechococcus elongatus- Escherichia coli through omics analysis
Authors: Liu Hui , Cao Yujin , Guo Jing , Xu Xin , Long Qi , Song Lili , Xian Mo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The majority of microbial fermentations are currently performed in the batch or fed-batch manner with the high process complexity, huge water consumption and so on. The continuous microbial production can contribute to the green sustainable development of the fermentation industry. The co-culture systems of photo-autotrophic and heterotrophic species can play important roles in establishing the continuous fermentation mode for the bio-based chemicals production. Results: In the present paper, the co-culture system of Synechococcus elongatus- Escherichia coli was established and put into operation stably for isoprene production. Compared with the axenic culture, the fermentation period of time was extended from 100h to 400h in the co-culture and the isoprene production was increased to 8-fold. For in depth understanding this novel system, the differential omics profiles were analyzed. The responses of BL21(DE3) to S. elongatus PCC 7942 were triggered by the oxidative pressure through the Fenton reaction and all these changes were linked with one another at different spatial and temporal scales. The oxidative stress mitigation pathways might contribute to the long-lasting fermentation process. The performance of this co-culture system can be further improved according to the fundamental rules discovered by the omics analysis. Conclusions: The isoprene-producing co-culture system of S. elongatus- E. coli was established and then analyzed by the omics methods. This study on the co-culture system of the model S. elongatus- E. coli is of significance to reveal the common interactions between photo-autotrophic and heterotrophic species without natural symbiotic relation, which could provide the scientific basis for rational design of microbial community.
Comparison of intra-gastric pressure between endotracheal tube and supraglottic airway devices in laparoscopic hepatectomy:A randomised, controlled, non-inferiority study
Authors: Ahn Jin Hee , Jeong Jiseon , Kang Se Hee , Yeon Ji Eun , Cho Eun A , Choi Gyu Sung , Kim Jong Man , Kim Gaab soo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Supraglottic airway (SGA) devices do not definitively protect the airway from regurgitation of gastric contents. Increased gastric pressure and long operation time are associated with development of complications such as aspiration pneumonia. The aim of this study was to compare intra-gastric pressure between second-generation SGA and endotracheal tube (ETT) devices during long-duration laparoscopic hepatectomy.Methods A total of 66 patients was randomly assigned to two groups; 33 patients each in the ETT and SGA groups. Intra-gastric pressure was continuously measured via a gastric drainage tube with a three-way stopcock connected to the pressure monitoring device. Normal saline was added to the end of the gastric drainage tube at each operation time point.Results Intra-gastric pressure during pneumoperitoneum was no different between the two groups (p = 0.146) or over time (p = 0.094). The mean (SD) pH of the SGA tip measured after operation was 6.7 (0.4), and a pH less than 4 was not observed. Relative risk of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the ETT group relative to the SGA group (sore throat, 5.5; cough,13.0).Conclusions Use of SGA devices does not further increase intra-gastric pressure, even during prolonged upper abdominal laparoscopic surgery. Also, the frequency of postoperative sore throat and cough was significantly lower when the second-generation SGA device was used.Clinical trial registration of Korea (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/index.jsp): KCT0003512 Principle investigator: G S K; date of registration February 15, 2019, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris).