bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern of use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan in non-colorectal gastrointestinal cancers at KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aljubran Ali Husain , Badran Ahmed , Alshaer Omar , Alhashem Hashem , Omar Aymen , Eldali Abdelmoniem 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan is useful if clinically indicated. It is not for conventional routine use due to its high cost. Moreover, it can be confusing if ordered in non-indicated conditions. We evaluate if the pattern of PET/CT ordered in gastrointestinal cancers (non-colorectal origin) has followed evidence-based guidelines and whether it helped in the improvement of patient’s outcome. This study included non-colorectal gastrointestinal cancer patients from 2007 to 2008 who had one or more PET/CT scans done during their management. In each case, data collected revealed whether PET/CT affected the management or the stage or not. Patients were identified through the hospital tumor registry software CNExT (C/NET Solutions, Berkeley, CA). Tabulation and statistical data analysis were done using JMP-SAS statistical software application (version 9.4: SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). The scan report quality and use indications were outlined.

Results
Seventy-seven patients were identified, with 107 PET/CT scans done. Their median age is 59 (21–86) years. Males were 45 (58.5%). Tumor origin was 46.8% esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer, 15.6% gastric cancer, 11.7% pancreatic cancer, 11.7% hepatobiliary tumors, 10.4% neuroendocrine tumors, 2.6 % gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and 1.3% small bowel cancer. Indications of the PET/CT were as follows: staging in 59.8%, follow-up after finishing treatment in 14.9%, restaging at relapse in 8.4%, assessing response after/during treatment in 3.7%, follow-up of previous PET/CT in 12.1%, and others in 0.9%. PET/CT changed the stage in 19.6% and affected the management plan in 11.2% only. Fifty-two scans needed pathological pursuit as decided by investigators; of them, PET/CT for the lesions that could have changed the stage reported indeterminate/equivocal results in 32 (29.9%) of all scans. The pathological pursuit for the equivocal lesions on PET/CT scans was done in only 12 of 52 (23.1%) scans.

Conclusions
Local guidelines for ordering PET/CT scan are suggested because overuse was documented, and an evidence-based approach should be respected before its use.
Dynamic economic dispatch: a comparative study for differential evolution, particle swarm optimization, evolutionary programming, genetic algorithm, and simulated annealing
Authors: Pattanaik Jagat Kishore , Basu Mousumi , Dash Deba Prasad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a comparative study for five artificial intelligent (AI) techniques to the dynamic economic dispatch problem: differential evolution, particle swarm optimization, evolutionary programming, genetic algorithm, and simulated annealing. Here, the optimal hourly generation schedule is determined. Dynamic economic dispatch determines the optimal scheduling of online generator outputs with predicted load demands over a certain period of time taking into consideration the ramp rate limits of the generators. The AI techniques for dynamic economic dispatch are evaluated against a ten-unit system with nonsmooth fuel cost function as a common testbed and the results are compared against each other.
Simultaneous optimal allocation and sizing of distributed generations and shunt capacitors in distribution networks using fuzzy GA methodology
Authors: Gampa Srinivasa Rao , Das Debapriya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a combination of fuzzy and genetic algorithm (GA)-based methodology for simultaneous optimum allocation and sizing of distributed generations (DGs) and shunt capacitors (SCs) together in distribution systems. The objectives of reduction of active power and reactive power supply, reduction of real power loss and improvement of branch current capacity, voltage profile and voltage stability are considered. The combination of shunt capacitors with both unity power factor DGs and lagging power factor DGs also considered for analyzing the performance of the distribution systems. Simulation results are demonstrated to show the advantage of proposed fuzzy genetic algorithm-based technique over conventional multiobjective approach and loss sensitivity-based optimization techniques reported in the literature.
On the Elevated Terrace at the Corner
Authors: Jung Ghichul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, I revisit the long-standing debate over the origin of the T'ongdosa ordination platform, drawing on Daoxuan's commentary on the sīmā (monastic boundary). I argue that the initial platform was far from the type of stone structure it is now, but rather was an exposed, leveled ground built on an elevated terrace at the northwest corner of the monastery proper. In combination with the ordination facility and the Buddhist pagoda, the initial ordination platform of T'ongdosa served as an important model for those subsequently built in Unified Silla and beyond.
Understanding the uptake of a national retinopathy screening programme: An audit of people with diabetes in two large primary care centres
Authors: Tracey Marsha , Racine Emmy , Riordan Fiona , McHugh Sheena M. , Kearney Patricia M. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects 8.2% of the Irish population with type 2 diabetes over 50 years and is one of the leading causes of blindness among working-age adults. Regular diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) can reduce the risk of sight loss. In 2013, the new national screening programme (RetinaScreen) was introduced in Ireland. Maximising DRS uptake (consent to participate in the programme and attendance once invited) is a priority, therefore it is important to identify characteristics which determine DRS uptake among those with diabetes in Ireland. We report uptake in an Irish primary care population during the initial phase of implementation of RetinaScreen and investigate factors which predict consenting to participate in the programme. Methods: In two primary care practices, data were extracted from records of people with diabetes (type 1 and type 2) aged ≥18 years who were eligible to participate in RetinaScreen between November 2013 and August 2015. Records were checked for a RetinaScreen letter. RetinaScreen were contacted to establish the status of those without a letter on file. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to examine associations between socio-demographic variables and consenting. Adjusted incident rate ratios (IRR) with 95% CI were generated as a measure of association. Results: Of 722 people with diabetes, one fifth (n=141) were not registered with RetinaScreen. Of 582 who were registered, 63% (n=365) had participated in screening. Most people who consented subsequently attended (n=365/382, 96%). People who had attended another retinopathy screening service were less likely to consent (IRR 0.65 [95%CI 0.5-0.8]; p<0.001). Other predictors were not significantly associated with consent. Conclusions: Over one third of eligible participants in RetinaScreen had not consented. Research is needed to understand barriers and enablers of DRS uptake in the Irish context. Implementing strategies to improve DRS uptake, barriers to consent in particular, should be a priority.
Survey of ophthalmologists-in-training in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa: A regional focus on ophthalmic surgical education
Authors: Dean William , Gichuhi Stephen , Buchan John , Matende Ibrahim , Graham Ronnie , Kim Min , Arunga Simon , Makupa William , Cook Colin , Visser Linda , Burton Matthew J 
Published: November 2019

Background: There are 2.7 ophthalmologists per million population in sub-Saharan Africa, and a need to train more. We sought to analyse current surgical training practice and experience of ophthalmologists to inform planning of training in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey. Potential participants included all current trainee and recent graduate ophthalmologists in the Eastern, Central and Southern African region. A link to a web-based questionnaire was sent to all heads of eye departments and training programme directors of ophthalmology training institutions in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, who forwarded to all their trainees and recent graduates. Main outcome measures were quantitative and qualitative survey responses. Results: Responses were obtained from 124 (52%) trainees in the region. Overall level of satisfaction with ophthalmology training programmes was rated as ‘somewhat satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ by 72%. Most frequent intended career choice was general ophthalmology, with >75% planning to work in their home country post-graduation. A quarter stated a desire to mainly work in private practice. Only 28% of junior (first and second year) trainees felt surgically confident in manual small incision cataract surgery (SICS); this increased to 84% among senior trainees and recent graduates. The median number of cataract surgeries performed by junior trainees was zero. 57% of senior trainees were confident in performing an anterior vitrectomy. Only 29% of senior trainees and 64% of recent graduates were confident in trabeculectomy. The mean number of cataract procedures performed by senior trainees was 84 SICS (median 58) and 101 phacoemulsification (median 0). Conclusion: Satisfaction with post-graduate ophthalmology training in the region was fair. Most junior trainees experience limited cataract surgical training in the first two years. Focused efforts on certain aspects of surgical education should be made to ensure adequate opportunities are offered earlier on in ophthalmology training.
Equity Contracts and Incentive Design in Start-Up Teams
Authors: Kagan Evgeny , Leider Stephen , Lovejoy William S. 
Published: November 2019

Entrepreneurial teams assign equity positions in their start-ups using a term sheet that details equity splits and the conditions for being granted those splits. The design of equity split agreements has attracted considerable attention in the entrepreneurial community, with no convergence on a single preferred contract form. This paper experimentally examines the effectiveness of different contractual arrangements, focusing in particular on the effects of contract form and contracting timing on founder effort and on the value of the venture. Our results suggest that performance improves with the incentive strength of the contract, but they question the conventional logic that this effect is causal. Instead, we suggest a novel causal sequence. Rather than the contract form being the primitive and the behavior the derived consequence, our results suggest the reverse. The differences in contract performance are driven primarily by the sorting of high contributors into nonequal contracts and of low contributors into equal contracts; that is, equal contracts are bad for team performance not because of their incentive strength but because of the founder types that adopt them. Taken together, these results suggest that both investors and founders should pay as much (or more) attention to personality type as they do to contract form. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Counting Integral Points in Polytopes via Numerical Analysis of Contour Integration
Authors: Hirai Hiroshi , Oshiro Ryunosuke , Tanaka Ken’ichiro 
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we address the problem of counting integer points in a rational polytope described by P(y) = {x ∈ Rm: Ax = y, x ≥ 0}, where A is an n × m integer matrix and y is an n-dimensional integer vector. We study the Z transformation approach initiated in works by Brion and Vergne, Beck, and Lasserre and Zeron from the numerical analysis point of view and obtain a new algorithm on this problem. If A is nonnegative, then the number of integer points in P(y) can be computed in [Formula: see text] time and [Formula: see text] space. This improves, in terms of space complexity, a naive DP algorithm with [Formula: see text]-size dynamic programming table. Our result is based on the standard error analysis of the numerical contour integration for the inverse Z transform and establishes a new type of an inclusion-exclusion formula for integer points in P(y). We apply our result to hypergraph b-matching and obtain a [Formula: see text] time algorithm for counting b-matchings in a k-partite hypergraph with n vertices and m hyperedges. This result is viewed as a b-matching generalization of the classical result by Ryser for k = 2 and its multipartite extension by Björklund and Husfeldt.
Paroles d’antan et devoir de mémoire dans Le Quatrième siècle, d’Édouard Glissant
Authors: Rocha Vanessa Massoni da 
Published: November 2019

Cet article souhaite analyser le « devoir de mémoire » dans le roman Le Quatrième siècle, publié en 1964 par l’écrivain martiniquais Édouard Glissant. Il s’agit de mettre en évidence le texte romanesque pour étudier la domination coloniale et la résistance en Martinique à partir de l’observation des drames et aventures de quatre générations des familles Longoué et Béluse, esclaves arrivés en Martinique en 1788 pendant l’entreprise coloniale française et la traite esclavagiste. Le roman-saga se penche sur l’histoire orale pour raconter l’histoire locale à partir du point de vue des esclaves et de leurs héritiers, en refusant le soliloque du colonisateur et le danger d’une histoire unique. Il est question de nuancer l’historiographie officielle, de témoigner des chemins entre la dépossession et l’appropriation de l’histoire et de célébrer la réhabilitation de la voix ancestrale africaine par le biais d’un griot et d’un quimboiseur pour faire émerger la parole d’antan et l’âme noire des Caraïbes.
Kinetika Pengeringan Busa Ampas Seduhan Teh
Authors: Hartati Indah , Kusumaningrum Maharani 
Published: November 2019

Dominasi produksi minuman teh dalam kemasan berdampak pada meningkatnya produksi limbah ampas seduhan teh yang masih memiliki kandungan berbagai metabolit sekunder, mineral, serat dan protein. Metode pengeringan busa (foam mat drying) dapat diterapkan pada produksi serbuk ampas seduhan teh guna mendukung pengembangan dan pemanfaatan lebih lanjut dari ampas seduhan teh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi busa putih telur pada proses pengeringan busa ampas seduhan teh serta mengkaji kinetika pengeringan lapis tipis menggunakan model kinetika Newton/Lewis, Page, Henderson-Pabis, Logartitmic dan Two Term. Parameter proses yang dievaluasi meliputi variasi penambahan busa putih telur (7,5-15%) sementara kadar maltodekstrin yang ditambahkan sebesar 30% dan pengeringan dilakukan pada suhu 800C. Penelitian menunjukkan jika penggunaan busa putih telur 7,5% memberikan kontanta kecepatan pengeringan yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan penggunaan busa putih telur 10-15%. Dalam penelitian ini, model kinetika Page merupakan model yang memberikan kesesuaian yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan model kinetika Newton/Lewis, Henderson and Pabis, Logartitmic dan Two Term. The emerging growth of tea based beverage impacts on the abundance of spent tea waste, a solid waste in which rich of secondary metabolites, minerals, fibre and protein. Foam mat drying of spent tea leaves powder is applied for further utilization of spent tea waste. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of egg white concentration added in the foam mat drying of spent tea waste and investigate the foam mat drying kinetics. The thin layer drying kinetics models applied were Newton/Lewis, Page, Henderson-Pabis, Logartitmic and Two Term model. The egg white concentration were varied of 7,5-15%, meanwhile the maltodextrin was of 30% and the the drying processes were performed at temperature of 800C. The research showed that the foam mat drying of spent tea waste performed at egg white concentration addition of 7,5% gave higher drying rate constant. In this research, Among the empirical models applied in this research, Page model was found to be the most adequate model representing the drying behavior of spent tea waste.
Chain conditions for graph C*-algebras
Authors: Rouzbehani Mohammad , Pourgholamhossein Mahmood , Amini Massoud 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this article, we study chain conditions for graph C*-algebras. We show that there are infinitely many mutually non isomorphic Noetherian (and Artinian) purely infinite graph C*-algebras with infinitely many ideals. We prove that if E is a graph, then

C
*

⁢

(
E
)

{C^{*}(E)}

is a Noetherian (resp. Artinian) C*-algebra if and only if E satisfies condition (K) and each ascending (resp. descending) sequence of admissible pairs of E stabilizes.
Existence results for a non-homogeneous Neumann problem through Orlicz–Sobolev spaces
Authors: Heidarkhani Shapour , Caristi Giuseppe , Afrouzi Ghasem A. , Moradi Shahin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Based on a variational principle for smooth functionals defined on reflexive Banach spaces, the existence of at least one weak solution for a non-homogeneous Neumann problem in an appropriate Orlicz–Sobolev space is discussed.
Joel, Catchwords, and Its Place in the Book of the Twelve
Authors: Werse Nicholas R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present article builds upon previously identified catchwords linking Joel to Hosea and Amos by arguing that Joel opens with literary connections to the beginning (Joel 1:1//Hos 1:1) and end (Joel 1:5–7//Hos 14:2–9) of Hosea in the same way Joel ends with literary links to the beginning (Joel 4:16aα [3:16aα]//Amos 1:2a) and end (Joel 4:18aα [3:18aα]//Amos 9:13b) of Amos. This article concludes by examining the compositional and literary implications of opening and closing Joel with framing language from Hosea and Amos respectively.
Response to: »Was There Ever an Implicit Acceptance of Male Homosexual Intercourse in Leviticus 18?« by George M. Hollenback in ZAW 131/3 (2019), 464–466.
Authors: Dershowitz Idan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
I comment on George Hollenback’s response in ZAW 131/3 (2019) to my article »Revealing Nakedness and Concealing Homosexual Intercourse: Legal and Lexical Evolution in Leviticus 18,« Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel (HeBAI) 6/4 (2017): 510–526.
Orthodoxe Religionspädagogik als eigenständige wissenschaftliche Disziplin
Authors: Stogiannidis Athanasios 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Angesichts der in den westeuropäischen Ländern anwachsenden Präsenz von Angehörigen der Orthodoxen Kirche ist es zunehmend wichtig, dass auch die Orthodoxe Religionspädagogik als wissenschaftliche Disziplin als Gesprächspartner in die interkonfessionelle bzw. interreligiöse Bildungsdebatte eintreten kann. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in diesem Beitrag dargestellt, welchen wissenschaftstheoretischen Tendenzen diese Disziplin in neuerer Zeit gefolgt ist und wie darin das Selbstverständnis der Orthodoxen Religionspädagogik zum Ausdruck kommt. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt der Darstellung liegt dabei auf dem Verständnis der Bezeichnung als Religionspädagogik sowie der damit verbundenen wissenschaftlichen Aufgaben. Als Grundlage der Darstellung dienen solche orthodox-religionspädagogische Veröffentlichungen, die einen umfassenden Überblick zum Profil der Orthodoxen Religionspädagogik als Forschungsbereich erlauben. Daneben werden, zumindest am Rande, auch einige Problemstellungen im Blick auf religionspädagogische Grundfragen dieser Disziplin herausgearbeitet.
“Die Maschine als Symbol ihrer Wirkungsweise”: Wittgenstein, Reuleaux and Kinematics
Authors: Gandon Sébastien 
Published: November 2019

In Philosophical Investigations 193–94, Wittgenstein draws a notorious analogy between the working of a machine and the application of a rule. According to the view of rule-following that Wittgenstein is criticizing, the future applications of a rule are completely determined by the rule itself, as the movements of the machine components are completely determined by the machine configuration. On what conception of the machine is such an analogy based? In this paper, I intend to show that Wittgenstein relied on quite a specific scientific tradition very active at the beginning of the twentieth century: the kinematic or the general science of machines. To explain the fundamental tenets of this line of research and its links with Wittgenstein, I focus on Franz Reuleaux (1829–1905), whose works were known to Wittgenstein. The first payoff of this investigation is to help distance the functionalist framework from which this passage is often read: Wittgenstein’s machines are not (or not primarily) computers. The second payoff is to explain why Wittgenstein talks about machines at this place in his discussion on rule-following: it is not the machine model in itself that is criticized in PI 193–94, but the “philosophical” temptation to generalize from it.
Loss of HIPK2 Protects Neurons from Mitochondrial Toxins by Regulating Parkin Protein Turnover
Authors: Zhang Jiasheng , Shang Yulei , Kamiya Sherry , Kotowski Sarah J. , Nakamura Ken , Huang Eric J. 
Published: November 2019

Mitochondria are important sources of energy, but they are also the target of cellular stress, toxin exposure, and aging-related injury. Persistent accumulation of damaged mitochondria has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. One highly conserved mechanism to clear damaged mitochondria involves the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), which cooperatively initiate the process called mitophagy that identifies and eliminates damaged mitochondria through the autophagosome and lysosome pathways. Parkin is a mostly cytosolic protein, but is rapidly recruited to damaged mitochondria and target them for mitophagy. Moreover, Parkin interactomes also involve signaling pathways and transcriptional machinery critical for survival and cell death. However, the mechanism that regulates Parkin protein level remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the loss of homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) in neurons and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) has a broad protective effect from cell death induced by mitochondrial toxins. The mechanism by whichHipk2−/−neurons and MEFs are more resistant to mitochondrial toxins is in part due to the role of HIPK2 and its kinase activity in promoting Parkin degradation via the proteasome-mediated mechanism. The loss of HIPK2 leads to higher cytosolic Parkin protein levels at basal conditions and upon exposure to mitochondrial toxins, which protects mitochondria from toxin-induced damage. In addition,Hipk2−/−neurons and MEFs show increased expression of PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1), a Parkin downstream target that can provide additional benefits via transcriptional activation of mitochondrial genes. Together, these results reveal a previously unrecognized avenue to target HIPK2 in neuroprotection via the Parkin-mediated pathway.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn this study, we provide evidence that homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) and its kinase activity promote Parkin degradation via the proteasome-mediated pathway. The loss of HIPK2 increases cytosolic and mitochondrial Parkin protein levels under basal conditions and upon exposure to mitochondrial toxins, which protect mitochondria from toxin-induced damage. In addition,Hipk2−/−neurons and mouse embryonic fibroblasts also show increased expression of PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1), a Parkin downstream target that can provide additional benefits via transcriptional activation of mitochondrial genes. These results indicate that targeting HIPK2 and its kinase activity can have neuroprotective effects by elevating Parkin protein levels.