bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Androgenetic Complete Hydatidiform Moles With p57KIP2-Positive Immunostaining
Authors: Usui Hirokazu , Sato Asuka , Ota Masayuki , Ikeda Jun-ichiro , Shozu Makio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) are androgenetic and have a high rate of progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). CHMs are negative when immunostained for p57KIP2 protein, the product of the maternally expressed gene on chromosome 11p15.5, whereas biparental partial hydatidiform moles and hydropic abortion are positive for p57KIP2. This study presents two cases of p57KIP2-positive androgenetic CHMs and explores the cause of this inconsistency.

Methods
Androgenetic CHMs were diagnosed using multiplex short tandem repeat polymorphism analysis. Single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays were performed for molecular karyotyping.

Results
Among the consecutive 188 androgenetic CHMs, two cases were positive for p57KIP2. The first case remitted spontaneously, whereas the second case developed into low-risk GTN. The first case was positive for p57KIP2 in all villi. The karyotype was 48,XX,+7,+11, with the additional chromosome 11 confirmed to be of maternal origin. The second case presented a mosaic of both positively and negatively stained villi. The karyotype was 46,XX.

Conclusions
The cause of one of the CHMs was trisomy with an additional maternal chromosome 11. Although rare, the confirmation of p57KIP2-positive androgenetic CHM status is necessary to manage GTN risk.
Clinical Evaluation and Utilization of Multiple Molecular In Vitro Diagnostic Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Cradic Kendall , Lockhart Marie , Ozbolt Patrick , Fatica Lisa , Landon Lorie , Lieber Michael , Yang David , Swickard Juanita , Wongchaowart Nicholas , Fuhrman Susan , Antonara Stella 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the clinical performance of 3 molecular assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods
We used 184 nasopharyngeal swab specimens to compare Abbott ID NOW COVID-19 (Abbott ID NOW), DiaSorin Molecular Simplexa COVID-19 Direct (DiaSorin Simplexa), and Roche cobas 6800 SARS-CoV-2 (Roche cobas) assays. In a separate analysis, 3 specimens (nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and nasal) were collected from 182 unique patients presenting to the emergency department with suspicion of coronavirus disease 2019 and were tested utilizing Abbott ID NOW. To further characterize each assay, relative limits of detection were evaluated utilizing positive nasopharyngeal patient samples.

Results
The positive percent agreement was 91% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-0.97) for Abbott ID NOW and 100% (95% CI, 0.90-1.00) for DiaSorin Simplexa and Roche cobas. The negative percent agreement was 100% (95% CI, 0.98-1.00) for all 3 assays. All swab types tested with the Abbott assay produced concordant results. Polymerase chain reaction assays had approximately 10 to 100 times lower limits of detection than Abbott ID NOW.

Conclusions
Based on these evaluations, a multiplatform testing approach is proposed, depending on patient population and assay sensitivity, to address testing needs during a public health emergency.
Post-stroke deficit prediction from lesion and indirect structural and functional disconnection
Authors: Salvalaggio Alessandro , De Filippo De Grazia Michele , Zorzi Marco , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel , Corbetta Maurizio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBehavioural deficits in stroke reflect both structural damage at the site of injury, and widespread network dysfunction caused by structural, functional, and metabolic disconnection. Two recent methods allow for the estimation of structural and functional disconnection from clinical structural imaging. This is achieved by embedding a patient’s lesion into an atlas of functional and structural connections in healthy subjects, and deriving the ensemble of structural and functional connections that pass through the lesion, thus indirectly estimating its impact on the whole brain connectome. This indirect assessment of network dysfunction is more readily available than direct measures of functional and structural connectivity obtained with functional and diffusion MRI, respectively, and it is in theory applicable to a wide variety of disorders. To validate the clinical relevance of these methods, we quantified the prediction of behavioural deficits in a prospective cohort of 132 first-time stroke patients studied at 2 weeks post-injury (mean age 52.8 years, range 22–77; 63 females; 64 right hemispheres). Specifically, we used multivariate ridge regression to relate deficits in multiple functional domains (left and right visual, left and right motor, language, spatial attention, spatial and verbal memory) with the pattern of lesion and indirect structural or functional disconnection. In a subgroup of patients, we also measured direct alterations of functional connectivity with resting-state functional MRI. Both lesion and indirect structural disconnection maps were predictive of behavioural impairment in all domains (0.16 &lt; R2 &lt; 0.58) except for verbal memory (0.05 &lt; R2 &lt; 0.06). Prediction from indirect functional disconnection was scarce or negligible (0.01 &lt; R2 &lt; 0.18) except for the right visual field deficits (R2 = 0.38), even though multivariate maps were anatomically plausible in all domains. Prediction from direct measures of functional MRI functional connectivity in a subset of patients was clearly superior to indirect functional disconnection. In conclusion, the indirect estimation of structural connectivity damage successfully predicted behavioural deficits post-stroke to a level comparable to lesion information. However, indirect estimation of functional disconnection did not predict behavioural deficits, nor was a substitute for direct functional connectivity measurements, especially for cognitive disorders.
Familial adenomatous polyposis in dogs: hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis in Jack Russell Terriers with germline APC mutations
Authors: Yoshizaki Kyoko , Hirata Akihiro , Nishii Naohito , Kawabe Mifumi , Goto Minami , Mori Takashi , Sakai Hiroki 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Many hereditary disorders in dogs have equivalents in humans and thus attract attention as natural animal models. Breed predisposition to certain diseases often provides promising clues to explore novel hereditary disorders in dogs. Recently, cases of gastrointestinal (GI) polyps in Jack Russell Terriers (JRTs) have increased in Japan. In 21 affected JRTs, polyps were found in either or both the stomach and colorectum, with a predilection for the gastric antrum and rectum. Multiple polyps were found in 13 of 21 examined dogs, including 5 dogs with both gastric and colorectal polyps. Some dogs were found to have GI polyps at an early age, with the youngest case being 2.3 years old. Histopathologically, 43 of 46 GI polyps (93.5%) were diagnosed as adenomas or adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in the tumor cells. As in the case of human patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, all examined JRTs with GI polyps (n = 21) harbored the identical heterozygous germline APC mutations, represented by a 2-bp substitution (c.[462A&gt;T; 463A&gt;T]). The latter substitution was a non-sense mutation (p.K155X) resulting in a truncated APC protein, thus suggesting a strong association with this cancer-prone disorder. Somatic mutation and loss of the wild-type APC allele were detected in the GI tumors of JRTs, suggesting that biallelic APC inactivation was involved in tumor development. This study demonstrated that despite differences in the disease conditions between human and dog diseases, germline APC mutation confers a predisposition to GI neoplastic polyps in both dogs and humans.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Shalev Noga , Scherer Matthew , LaSota Elijah D , Antoniou Pantelis , Yin Michael T , Zucker Jason , Sobieszczyk Magdalena E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We describe the characteristics of 31 people living with human immunodeficiency virus hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. All patients were on antiretroviral therapy and virologically suppressed at the time of admission. Clinical course and outcomes were similar to those reported in other hospitalized cohorts.
Predicting Infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Diagnostic Samples
Authors: Bullard Jared , Dust Kerry , Funk Duane , Strong James E , Alexander David , Garnett Lauren , Boodman Carl , Bello Alexander , Hedley Adam , Schiffman Zachary , Doan Kaylie , Bastien Nathalie , Li Yan , Van Caeseele Paul G , Poliquin Guillaume 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has become the primary method to diagnose viral diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). RT-PCR detects RNA, not infectious virus; thus, its ability to determine duration of infectivity of patients is limited. Infectivity is a critical determinant in informing public health guidelines/interventions. Our goal was to determine the relationship between E gene SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values from respiratory samples, symptom onset to test (STT), and infectivity in cell culture.

Methods
In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we took SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR–confirmed positive samples and determined their ability to infect Vero cell lines.

Results
Ninety RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2–positive samples were incubated on Vero cells. Twenty-six samples (28.9%) demonstrated viral growth. Median tissue culture infectious dose/mL was 1780 (interquartile range, 282–8511). There was no growth in samples with a Ct &gt; 24 or STT &gt; 8 days. Multivariate logistic regression using positive viral culture as a binary predictor variable, STT, and Ct demonstrated an odds ratio (OR) for positive viral culture of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], .49–.84; P &lt; .001) for every 1-unit increase in Ct. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for Ct vs positive culture was OR, 0.91 (95% CI, .85–.97; P &lt; .001), with 97% specificity obtained at a Ct of &gt; 24.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 Vero cell infectivity was only observed for RT-PCR Ct &lt; 24 and STT &lt; 8 days. Infectivity of patients with Ct &gt; 24 and duration of symptoms &gt; 8 days may be low. This information can inform public health policy and guide clinical, infection control, and occupational health decisions. Further studies of larger size are needed.
New Blind Filter Protocol: An Improved Privacy-Preserving Scheme for Location-Based Services
Authors: Li Zhidan , Li Wenmin , Gao Fei , Yu Ping , Zhang Hua , Jin Zhengping , Wen Qiaoyan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Location-based services have attracted much attention in both academia and industry. However, protecting user’s privacy while providing accurate service for users remains challenging. In most of the existing research works, a semi-trusted proxy is employed to act on behalf of a user to minimize the computation and communication costs of the user. However, user privacy, e.g. location privacy, cannot be protected against the proxy. In this paper, we design a new blind filter protocol where a user can employ a semi-trusted proxy to determine whether a point of interest is within a circular area centered at the user’s location. During the protocol, neither the proxy nor the location-based service provider can obtain the location of the user and the query results. Moreover, each type of query is controlled by an access tree and only the users whose attributes satisfy this access tree can complete the specific type of query. Security analysis and efficiency experiments validate that the proposed protocol is secure and efficient in terms of the computation and communication overhead.
Implanted satellite transmitters affect sea duck movement patterns at short and long timescales
Authors: Lamb Juliet S , Paton Peter W C , Osenkowski Jason E , Badzinski Shannon S , Berlin Alicia M , Bowman Tim , Dwyer Chris , Fara Luke J , Gilliland Scott G , Kenow Kevin , Lepage Christine , Mallory Mark L , Olsen Glenn H , Perry Matthew C , Petrie Scott A , Savard Jean-Pierre L , Savoy Lucas , Schummer Michael , Spiegel Caleb S , McWilliams Scott R 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStudies of the effects of transmitters on wildlife often focus on survival. However, sublethal behavioral changes resulting from radio-marking have the potential to affect inferences from telemetry data and may vary based on individual and environmental characteristics. We used a long-term, multi-species tracking study of sea ducks to assess behavioral patterns at multiple temporal scales following implantation of intracoelomic satellite transmitters. We applied state-space models to assess short-term behavioral patterns in 476 individuals with implanted satellite transmitters, as well as comparing breeding site attendance and migratory phenology across multiple years after capture. In the short term, our results suggest an increase in dispersive behavior immediately following capture and transmitter implantation; however, behavior returned to seasonally average patterns within ~5 days after release. Over multiple years, we found that breeding site attendance by both males and females was depressed during the first breeding season after radio-marking relative to subsequent years, with larger relative decreases in breeding site attendance among males than females. We also found that spring and breeding migrations occurred later in the first year after radio-marking than in subsequent years. Across all behavioral effects, the severity of behavioral change often varied by species, sex, age, and capture season. We conclude that, although individuals appear to adjust relatively quickly (i.e. within 1 week) to implanted satellite transmitters, changes in breeding phenology may occur over the longer term and should be considered when analyzing and reporting telemetry data.
Curation of cancer hallmark-based genes and pathways for in silico characterization of chemical carcinogenesis
Authors: Liang Peir-In , Wang Chia-Chi , Cheng Hsien-Jen , Wang Shan-Shan , Lin Ying-Chi , Lin Pinpin , Tung Chun-Wei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Exposure to toxic substances in the environment is one of the most important causes of cancer. However, the time-consuming process for the identification and characterization of carcinogens is not applicable to a huge amount of testing chemicals. The data gaps make the carcinogenic risk uncontrollable. An efficient and effective way of prioritizing chemicals of carcinogenic concern with interpretable mechanism information is highly desirable. This study presents a curation work for genes and pathways associated with 11 hallmarks of cancer (HOCs) reported by the Halifax Project. To demonstrate the usefulness of the curated HOC data, the interacting HOC genes and affected HOC pathways of chemicals of the three carcinogen lists from IARC, NTP and EPA were analyzed using the in silico toxicogenomics ChemDIS system. Results showed that a higher number of affected HOCs were observed for known carcinogens than the other chemicals. The curated HOC data is expected to be useful for prioritizing chemicals of carcinogenic concern.
Database URL: The HOC database is available at https://github.com/hocdb-KMU-TMU/hocdb and the website of Database journal as Supplementary Data.
Comparison of physical activity levels in Spanish people with diabetes with and without cataracts
Authors: López-Sánchez Guillermo F , Sánchez-Castillo Sheila , López-Bueno Rubén , Pardhan Shahina , Zauder Roksana , Skalska Maria , Jastrzębska Joanna , Jastrzębski Zbigniew , Smith Lee 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The objective was to compare levels of physical activity (PA) in a large sample of Spanish people with diabetes with and without cataracts. To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing PA levels in people with diabetes with and without cataracts in a large representative sample.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analyzed (n = 1014 people with diabetes; 43.1% females; age range 15–69 years; mean age 58.4 ± 9.2 years). International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form was used to measure PA. Total MET-min week−1 of PA were calculated and participants were divided into two categories according to American Diabetes Association PA guidelines: (i) &lt;600 MET-min week−1. (ii) At least 600 MET-min week−1. Diabetes and cataracts were self-reported in response to the questions ‘Have you ever been diagnosed with diabetes/cataracts?’ Participants also reported other variables including age, gender, marital status, living as a couple, education, smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 23.0.

Results
The overall prevalence of cataract was 14.0% and the overall prevalence of people doing &lt;600 MET-min week−1 of PA was 35.4%. The prevalence of cataract was significantly lower in those doing more PA (12.1% vs. 17.5%; P = 0.016). Those without cataracts were significantly more active than those with cataracts (1846.8 vs. 1289.4 MET-min week−1; P = 0.001). The adherence to American Diabetes Association PA guidelines was significantly higher in those without cataracts (66.1% vs. 55.6%; P = 0.016).

Conclusions
Interventions to promote PA targeting people with both diabetes and cataracts are warranted.
The Importance of Muscle Versus Fat Mass in Sarcopenic Obesity: A Re-evaluation Using D3-Creatine Muscle Mass Versus DXA Lean Mass Measurements
Authors: Orwoll Eric S , Peters Katherine E , Hellerstein Marc , Cummings Steven R , Evans William J , Cawthon Peggy M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The combination of sarcopenia and obesity has been associated with physical impairment in older people. However, previous research has relied on assessments of lean mass as a surrogate for muscle mass. We postulate that inaccurate measures of muscle mass may have obscured the role of obesity in sarcopenia and related outcomes. Our aim was to clarify the interactions of muscle and fat with physical performance and adverse outcomes using an accurate measure of muscle mass.

Methods
In a longitudinal study of &gt;1,300 older men (mean age 84 years), we compared a direct measurement of muscle mass (D3 creatine dilution; D3Cr) with an approximation of muscle mass (appendicular lean mass [ALM] by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [DXA]) and their associations with measures of physical performance (gait speed, chair stand time) and adverse outcomes (incident injurious falls and mobility problems). We measured percent fat mass by DXA.

Results
Low D3Cr muscle mass was strongly associated with decreased performance and increased risk of adverse outcomes. Increased fat mass had little association after accounting for D3Cr muscle mass. In contrast, DXA ALM was minimally associated with performance or adverse outcomes, and fatness remained associated with both outcomes after accounting for DXA ALM.

Conclusions
When an accurate assessment of muscle mass (rather than lean mass) is used, reduced muscle mass is highly associated with important outcomes and the negative effects of adiposity are minimal, suggesting that obesity has little relevance for the understanding of important adverse health outcomes of sarcopenia in older men.
Oceanic high-frequency global seismic wave propagation with realistic bathymetry
Authors: Fernando Benjamin , Leng Kuangdai , Nissen-Meyer Tarje 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYWe present a new approach to simulate high-frequency seismic wave propagation in and under the oceans. Based upon AxiSEM3D, this method supports a fluid ocean layer, with associated water-depth phases and seafloor topography (bathymetry). The computational efficiency and flexibility of this formulation means that high-frequency calculations may be carried out with relatively light computational loads. A validation of the fluid ocean implementation is shown, as is an evaluation of the oft-used ocean loading formulation, which we find breaks down at longer periods than was previously believed. An initial consideration of the effects of seafloor bathymetry on seismic wave propagation is also given, wherein we find that the surface waveforms are significantly modified in both amplitude and duration. When compared to observed data from isolated island stations in the Pacific, synthetics which include a global ocean and seafloor topography appear to more closely match the observed waveform features than synthetics generated from a model with topography on the solid surface alone. We envisage that such a method will be of use in understanding the new and exciting ocean-bottom and floating seismometer data sets now being regularly collected.
Team Coordination in Uncertain Environments: The Role of Processual Communication Networks
Authors: Pilny Andrew , Dobosh Melissa , Yahja Alex , Poole Marshall Scott , Campbell Aaron , Ruge-Jones Luisa , Proulx Jeff 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ways in which teams coordinate are critical to navigating today’s turbulent environment. Communication networks have been theorized to be a key factor for accomplishing team coordination. However, empirical research has largely taken a static approach by viewing communication networks as material, structural arrangements, which we call structural communication networks (SCNs). Informed by network structuration theory, we articulate a complementary approach, called processual communication networks (PCNs), which views communication networks as episodic, dynamic, and sequential. To test this, we conducted a multi-team experiment of 62 teams embedded in a virtual world where their primary objective was to coordinate an attack on a group of insurgents. Using relational event modeling to capture the dynamics of PCNs, we hypothesized and found support for the role of PCNs as a mediator of SCNs and an indicator of structural appropriation. Moreover, highly decentralized PCNs positively predicted coordination, regardless of whether they were faithfully or ironically appropriated.
Why Do People Share Ideologically Extreme, False, and Misleading Content on Social Media? A Self-Report and Trace Data–Based Analysis of Countermedia Content Dissemination on Facebook and Twitter
Authors: Hopp Toby , Ferrucci Patrick , Vargo Chris J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Recently, substantial attention has been paid to the spread of highly partisan and often factually incorrect information (i.e., so-called “fake news”) on social media. In this study, we attempt to extend current knowledge on this topic by exploring the degree to which individual levels of ideological extremity, social trust, and trust in the news media are associated with the dissemination of countermedia content, or web-based, ideologically extreme information that uses false, biased, misleading, and hyper-partisan claims to counter the knowledge produced by the mainstream news media. To investigate these possible associations, we used a combination of self-report survey data and trace data collected from Facebook and Twitter. The results suggested that sharing countermedia content on Facebook is positively associated with ideological extremity and negatively associated with trust in the mainstream news media. On Twitter, we found evidence that countermedia content sharing is negatively associated with social trust.