bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Formation of Porous Potato Starch by Combining α‐Amylase or Glucoamylase Digestion with Acid Hydrolysis
Authors: Gonzalez Ana , Wang Ya‐Jane 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGranular porous starch has been prepared from A‐type starch, but not from B‐type starch, due, in part, to the smooth, dense surface of B‐type starch. This study prepares and characterizes acid‐hydrolyzed common corn (A‐type) and potato (B‐type) starches, followed by digestion with α‐amylase or glucoamylase. The results show that, compared to corn starch, potato starch is hydrolyzed faster by acid, whereas the degree of enzyme digestion varies with the starches and enzymes. The acid hydrolyzing conditions destabilize the crystalline lamellae and consequently increase the degree of binding and digestion in both enzymes, which result in the formation of the porous structure in the potato starch. A more defined porous structure is observed in the potato starch after the combination of extended acid hydrolysis and enzyme digestion. B‐type porous starch can be a better colonic delivery system compared to A‐type porous starch due to its more resistance to enzyme digestion.
The effects of three different microplastics on enzyme activities and microbial communities in soil
Authors: Yi Meiling , Zhou Shaohong , Zhang Lilan , Ding Shiyuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSoils always receive microplastics (MPs) from plastic mulching, compost, and sewage irrigation, but the effects of MPs on soil environment remain largely unexplored. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of three MPs (membranous polyethylene (PE), fibrous polypropylene (PP), and microsphere PP) on enzyme activities and microbial community structure in one loamy and sandy soil. The concentration of microsphere PP (2 mg/g) was one‐tenth of those of the other two MPs (20 mg/g). The results showed that the effects of three MPs on urease, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities followed the order: fibrous PP > membranous PE > microsphere PP, membranous PE > microsphere PP > fibrous PP and fibrous PP > microsphere PP > membranous PE, respectively. Results from high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that the membranous PE and fibrous PP raised the alpha diversities of the soil microbiota, whereas the diversity indexes of microbiota on MPs surfaces were significantly lower than those in the amended soils. MPs significantly altered the microbial community structure, especially for the enrichment of Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes, the depletion of Deinococcus‐Thermus and Chloroflexi. Aeromicrobium, Streptomyces, Mycobacterium, Janibacter, Nocardia, Arthrobacter were prone to inhabit on the MPs surfaces.Practitioner points

Three microplastics had different effects on soil enzyme activities.

Fibrous PP had a more persistent effect on microbial activity.

Membranous PE and fibrous PP raised the alpha diversities of soil microbiota.

The effects of membranous PE and fibrous PP on microbial communities were similar.

Distinct microbial communities were enriched on the surfaces of microplastics.
Online streaming feature selection with incremental feature grouping
Authors: Al Nuaimi Noura , Masud Mohammad M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractToday, the dimensionality of data is increasing in a massive way. Thus, traditional feature selection techniques are not directly applicable. Consequently, recent research has led to the development of a more efficient approach to the selection of features from a feature stream, known as streaming feature selection. Another active research area, related to feature selection, is feature grouping. Feature grouping selects relevant features by evaluating the hidden information of selected features. However, although feature grouping is a promising technique, it is not directly applicable to feature streams. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient algorithm that uses online feature grouping, embedded within a new incremental technique, to select features from a feature stream. This technique groups similar features together; it assigns new incoming features to an existing group or creates a new group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach that proposes the use of incremental feature grouping to perform feature selection from features. We have implemented this algorithm and evaluated it, using benchmark datasets, against state‐of‐the‐art streaming feature selection algorithms that use feature grouping or incremental selection techniques. The results show superior performance by the proposed technique through combining the online selection and grouping, in terms of prediction accuracy and running time.This article is categorized under:  Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining  Technologies > Data Preprocessing  Technologies > Classification  Technologies > Machine Learning
A First Assessment of the Corrections for the Consistency of the IAU2000 and IAU2006 Precession-Nutation Models
Authors: Ferrándiz José M. , Koudsi Dhygham Al , Escapa Alberto , Belda Santiago , Modiri Sadegh , Heinkelmann Robert , Schuh Harald 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Earth precession-nutation model endorsed by resolutions of each the International Astronomical Union and the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics is composed of two theories developed independently, namely IAU2006 precession and IAU2000A nutation. The IAU2006 precession was adopted to supersede the precession part of the IAU 2000A precession-nutation model and tried to get the new precession theory dynamically consistent with the IAU2000A nutation.However, full consistency was not reached, and slight adjustments of the IAU2000A nutation amplitudes at the micro arcsecond level were required to ensure consistency. The first set of formulae for these corrections derived by Capitaine et al. (Astrophys 432(1):355–367, 2005), which was not included in IAU2006 but provided in some standards and software for computing nutations. Later, Escapa et al. showed that a few additional terms of the same order of magnitude have to be added to the 2005 expressions to get complete dynamical consistency between the official precession and nutation models. In 2018 Escapa and Capitaine made a joint review of the problem and proposed three alternative ways of nutation model and its parameters to achieve consistency to certain different extents, although no estimation of their respective effects could be worked out to illustrate the proposals. Here we present some preliminary results on the assessment of the effects of each of the three sets of corrections suggested by Escapa and Capitaine (Proceedings of the Journées, des Systémes de Référence et de la Rotation Terrestre: Furthering our Knowledge of Earth Rotation, Alicante, 2018) by testing them in conjunction with the conventional celestial pole offsets given in the IERS EOP14C04 time series.
Achievements of the First 4 Years of the International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) 2015–2019
Authors: Boy Jean-Paul , Barriot Jean-Pierre , Förste Christoph , Voigt Christian , Wziontek Hartmut 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe present the activities and improvements of the International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) over the last four years. IGETS collects, archives and distributes long time series from geodynamic sensor, in particular superconducting gravimeter data currently from more than 40 stations and 60 different sensors. In addition to the raw 1-s and 1-min gravity and atmospheric pressure data (Level 1), IGETS produces end-user products on different levels. These include gravity and atmospheric pressure data corrected for major instrumental perturbations and ready for tidal analysis (Level 2). Since 2019, IGETS provides gravity residuals corrected for most geophysical contributions (Level 3) which can be used directly for geophysical applications without any expert knowledge in the processing of gravimetric time series.
Convergent momentum-space OPE and bootstrap equations in conformal field theory
Authors: Gillioz Marc , Lu Xiaochuan , Luty Markus A. , Mikaberidze Guram 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
General principles of quantum field theory imply that there exists an operator product expansion (OPE) for Wightman functions in Minkowski momentum space that converges for arbitrary kinematics. This convergence is guaranteed to hold in the sense of a distribution, meaning that it holds for correlation functions smeared by smooth test functions. The conformal blocks for this OPE are conceptually extremely simple: they are products of 3-point functions. We construct the conformal blocks in 2-dimensional conformal field theory and show that the OPE in fact converges pointwise to an ordinary function in a specific kinematic region. Using microcausality, we also formulate a bootstrap equation directly in terms of momentum space Wightman functions.
On the Evolution of Regularized Dirac-Harmonic Maps from Closed Surfaces
Authors: Branding Volker 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study the evolution equations for a regularized version of Dirac-harmonic maps from closed Riemannian surfaces. We establish the existence of a global weak solution for the regularized problem, which is smooth away from finitely many singularities. Moreover, we discuss the convergence of the evolution equations and address the question if we can remove the regularization in the end.
Coiling of the Internal Carotid Artery is Associated with Hypertension in Patients Suspected of Stroke
Authors: van Rooij Josephus L. M. , Takx Richard A. P. , Velthuis Birgitta K. , Dankbaar Jan Willem , de Jong Pim A. ,   the DUST investigators
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The etiology of coiling (i.e. severe elongation) of the extracranial part of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is poorly understood with the proposed etiology being congenital, atherosclerotic or hypertension. The objective was to investigate the association of coiling with hypertension, carotid artery atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods
A case control study was performed in patients suspected of stroke, with (cases) or without (controls) coiling of the ICA determined on compute tomography angiography (CTA). Baseline characteristics included age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and hypercholesterolemia. Coiling of the ICA and atherosclerotic plaque at the carotid bifurcation were assessed on CTA. Logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results
Coiling was identified in 108 patients with a median age of 71 years. Cases were compared with 256 controls with a median age of 69 years. Hypertension was present in 63% of the patients with coiling compared to 51% in the control group. Univariable analysis showed that hypertension was significantly associated with coiling, with an odds ratio of 1.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–2.61, p = 0.034). Multivariable analysis corrected for age and sex resulted in an odds ratio of 1.71 (95% CI 1.05–2.80, p = 0.032), while correcting for atherosclerotic plaque at the bifurcation yielded an odds ratio of 1.63 (95% CI 1.00–2.66, p = 0.049). Age and atherosclerotic plaque were not significantly associated with coiling.

Conclusion
The main finding of this study was the significant association of hypertension with coiling of the ICA and the absence of an association with age, plaques and atherosclerotic risk factors other than hypertension.
Acceptor substrate determines donor specificity of an aromatic prenyltransferase: expanding the biocatalytic potential of NphB
Authors: Johnson Bryce P. , Scull Erin M. , Dimas Dustin A. , Bavineni Tejaswi , Bandari Chandrasekhar , Batchev Andrea L. , Gardner Eric D. , Nimmo Susan L. , Singh Shanteri 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aromatic prenyltransferases are known for their extensive promiscuity toward aromatic acceptor substrates and their ability to form various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Of particular interest among the prenyltransferases is NphB, whose ability to geranylate cannabinoid precursors has been utilized in several in vivo and in vitro systems. It has therefore been established that prenyltransferases can be utilized as biocatalysts for the generation of useful compounds. However, recent observations of non-native alkyl-donor promiscuity among prenyltransferases indicate the role of NphB in biocatalysis could be expanded beyond geranylation reactions. Therefore, the goal of this study was to elucidate the donor promiscuity of NphB using different acceptor substrates. Herein, we report distinct donor profiles between NphB-catalyzed reactions involving the known substrate 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene and an FDA-approved drug molecule sulfabenzamide. Furthermore, we report the first instance of regiospecific, NphB-catalyzed N-alkylation of sulfabenzamide using a library of non-native alkyl-donors, indicating the biocatalytic potential of NphB as a late-stage diversification tool.

Key Points
• NphB can utilize the antibacterial drug sulfabenzamide as an acceptor.
• The donor profile of NphB changes dramatically with the choice of acceptor.
• NphB performs a previously unknown regiospecific N-alkylation on sulfabenzamide.
• Prenyltransferases like NphB can be utilized as drug-alkylating biocatalysts.
Ice-rafted debris as a source of non-conservative behaviour for the εNd palaeotracer: insights from a simple model
Authors: Vogt-Vincent Noam , Lippold Jörg , Kaboth-Bahr Stefanie , Blaser Patrick 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeodymium isotopic composition (εNd) has enjoyed widespread use as a palaeotracer, principally because it behaves quasi-conservatively in the modern ocean. However, recent bottom water εNd reconstructions from the eastern North Atlantic are difficult to interpret under assumptions of conservative behaviour. The observation that this apparent departure from conservative behaviour increases with enhanced ice-rafted debris (IRD) fluxes has resulted in the suggestion that IRD leads to the overprinting of bottom water εNd through reversible scavenging. In this study, a simple water column model successfully reproduces εNd reconstructions from the eastern North Atlantic at the Last Glacial Maximum and Heinrich Stadial 1, and demonstrates that the changes in scavenging intensity required for good model-data fit is in good agreement with changes in the observed IRD flux. Although uncertainties in model parameters preclude a more definitive conclusion, the results indicate that the suggestion of IRD as a source of non-conservative behaviour in the εNd tracer is reasonable and that further research into the fundamental chemistry underlying the marine neodymium cycle is necessary to increase confidence in assumptions of conservative εNd behaviour in the past.
Bounds on the Objective Value of Feasible Roundings
Authors: Neumann Christoph , Stein Oliver , Sudermann-Merx Nathan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor mixed-integer linear and nonlinear optimization problems we study the objective value of feasible points which are constructed by the feasible rounding approaches from Neumann et al. (Comput. Optim. Appl. 72, 309–337, 2019; J. Optim. Theory Appl. 184, 433–465, 2020). We provide a-priori bounds on the deviation of such objective values from the optimal value and apply them to explain and quantify the positive effect of finer grids of integer feasible points on the performance of the feasible rounding approaches. Computational results for large scale knapsack problems illustrate our theoretical findings.
Analysis of inter-regional effects caused by the wide-area operation of the power grid in Japan: an implication for carbon pricing schemes
Authors: Nakano Satoshi , Washizu Ayu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this research, we examine the socioeconomic impact of carbon pricing (CP) mechanism-related energy policies under the technical constraints of Japan. For this, we have created the Inter-Regional Input–Output Table for a Next Generation Energy System (IONGES) in 2030, considering these technical constraints. Namely, we created three Inter-Regional IONGESs with different assumptions for the wide-area operation of the power grid. The results show that the technical constraints of the power grid influence the interregional distribution of renewable energy. Top ten regional renewable energy sectors (TOP10), which has a large production scale, account for approximately 54% of renewable energy generation, which was found to be biased. From the viewpoint of consumers in each region, we analyzed the share of the electricity cost required to support their consumption. If the CP mechanism is implemented under the technical constraints of the current power grid, consumers in each region will be impacted unequally. However, it was found that such inequality will be solved under the wide-area operation of the power grid.
A nationwide survey on clinical practice patterns and bleeding complications of percutaneous native kidney biopsy in Japan
Authors:   Committee of Practical Guide for Kidney Biopsy 2019, Kawaguchi Takehiko , Nagasawsa Tasuku , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Miura Kenichiro , Katsuno Takayuki , Morikawa Takashi , Ishikawa Eiji , Ogura Masao , Matsumura Hideki , Kurayama Ryota , Matsumoto Shinsuke , Marui Yuhji , Hara Shigeo , Maruyama Shoichi , Narita Ichiei , Okada Hirokazu , Ubara Yoshifumi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Practice patterns and bleeding complications of percutaneous native kidney biopsy (PNKB) have not recently been investigated and the Japanese Society of Nephrology performed a nationwide questionnaire survey in 2018.

Methods
The survey consisted of nine sections about PNKB: (1) general indications; (2) indications for high-risk patients; (3) informed consent; (4) pre-biopsy evaluation; (5) procedures; (6) sedation; (7) post-biopsy hemostasis, bed rest, and examinations; (8) bleeding complications; and (9) specimen processing. A supplementary survey examined bleeding requiring transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE).

Results
Overall, 220 directors of facilities (nephrology facility [NF], 168; pediatric nephrology facility [PF], 52) completed the survey. Indications, procedures, and monitoring protocols varied across facilities. Median lengths of hospital stay were 5 days in NFs and 6 days in PFs. Gauge 14, 16, 18 needles were used in 5%, 56%, 33% in NFs and 0%, 63%, 64% in PFs. Mean limits of needle passes were 5 in NFs and 4 in PFs. The bed rest period was 16–24 h in 60% of NFs and 65% of PFs. Based on 17,342 PNKBs, incidence rates of macroscopic hematuria, erythrocyte transfusion, and TAE were 3.1% (NF, 2.8%; PF, 6.2%), 0.7% (NF, 0.8%; PF, 0%), and 0.2% (NF, 0.2%; PF, 0.06%), respectively. Forty-six percent of facilities processed specimens all for light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy, and 21% processed for light microscopy only. Timing of bleeding requiring TAE varied among PNKB cases.

Conclusion
Wide variations in practice patterns of PNKB existed among facilities, while PNKBs were performed as safely as previously reported.
Effect of B2O3 addition on mineralogical phases and leaching behavior of synthetic CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–CrOx slag
Authors: Lin Yong , Luo Qingyun , Yan Baijun , Fabritius Timo , Shu Qifeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBoron oxide is frequently applied in modification of stainless steelmaking slag to mitigate the disintegration of slag. In this work, the effect of B2O3 on mineralogical phases and hexavalent chromium leaching behavior of synthetic CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–CrOx slag was investigated. Di-calcium silicate, merwinite, spinel, akermanite, and matrix phase were observed as main minerals in slags by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. It was found that 2% B2O3 addition is sufficient to eliminate the disintegration of synthetic slag by suppressing the phase transition to γ-Ca2SiO4. The size of spinel phase increases with increasing B2O3, which could be well interpreted by enhanced Ostwald ripening. The amount of Ca2SiO4 phase in slag was reduced by addition of B2O3; however, excess B2O3 (> 2%) addition would significantly increase chromium concentration and overall chromium distribution in Ca2SiO4 phase. Leaching results according to US-EPA-3060A method indicated that excess boron oxide addition (> 2%) leads to a significant increase of hexavalent chromium leaching concentrations and should be avoided for stabilizing stainless steel slag.
Pre-service teachers’ evidence-based reasoning during pedagogical problem-solving: better together?
Authors: Csanadi Andras , Kollar Ingo , Fischer Frank 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigates if collaboration and the level of heterogeneity between collaborating partners’ problem-solving scripts can influence the extent to which pre-service teachers engage in evidence-based reasoning when analyzing and solving pedagogical problem cases. We operationalized evidence-based reasoning through its content and process dimensions: (a) to what extent pre-service teachers refer to scientific theories or evidence of learning and instruction (content level) and (b) to what extent they engage in epistemic processes of scientific reasoning (process level) when solving pedagogical problems. Seventy-six pre-service teachers analyzed and solved a problem about an underachieving student either individually or in dyads. Compared with individuals, dyads of pre-service teachers referred less to scientific content, but engaged more in hypothesizing and evidence evaluation and less in generating solutions. A greater dyadic heterogeneity indicated less engagement in generating solutions. Thus, collaboration may be a useful means for engaging preservice teachers in analyzing pedagogical problems in a more reflective and evidence-based manner, but pre-service teachers may still need additional scaffolding to do it based on scientific theories and evidence. Furthermore, heterogeneous groups regarding the collaborating partners’ problem-solving scripts may require further instructional support to discuss potential solutions to the problem.
Boomerang Behaviour and Emerging Adulthood: Moving Back to the Parental Home and the Parental Neighbourhood in Sweden
Authors: Olofsson Jenny , Sandow Erika , Findlay Allan , Malmberg Gunnar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper makes two original contributions to research on young adults’ boomerang mobility. First, it reveals the magnitude and complexity of return moves by young people to their parental home and neighbourhood. Secondly, it shows that the determinants and associates of return migration vary significantly when analysed at two different geographical scales—the parental home and the parental neighbourhood area. Using longitudinal data (1986–2009) on four cohorts of young adults, we find that boomeranging to the parental home in Sweden has increased in times of economic recession and is associated with economic vulnerability, such as leaving higher education or entering unemployment, and partnership dissolution. While returning to the parental home can offer financial support in times of life course reversal, we found gender differences indicating a greater independence among young women than men. Returning to the parental neighbourhood is found to be a very different kind of mobility than returning to co-reside with one’s parents, involving the migration decisions of more economically independent young adults. Results also indicate that returns to the parental neighbourhood, as well as returns to the parental home, can be part of young people’s life course changes.