bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Myeloma and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Inpatient Mortality
Authors: Martínez-López Joaquín , Mateos María-Victoria , Encinas Cristina , Sureda Anna , Hernández-Rivas José Ángel , López de la Guía Ana , Conde Diego , Krsnik Isabel , Prieto Elena , Grau Rosalía Riaza , Gironella Mercedes , Blanchard María Jesús , Caminos Nerea , Fernández de Larrea Carlos , Alicia Senin María , Escalante Fernando , de la Puerta José Enrique , Giménez Eugenio , Martínez-Barranco Pilar , José Mateos Juan , Casado Luis Felipe , Bladé Joan , José Lahuerta Juan , De la Cruz Javier , San-Miguel Jesús 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThere is limited information on the characteristics, pre-admission prognostic factors, and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This retrospective case series investigated characteristics and outcomes of 167 MM patients hospitalized with COVID-19 reported from 73 hospitals within the Spanish Myeloma Collaborative Group network in Spain between March 1 and April 30, 2020. Outcomes were compared with a randomly selected contemporary cohort of 167 age-/sex-matched non-cancer patients with COVID-19 admitted at 6 participating hospitals. Common demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome variables were collected; specific disease status and treatment data were collected for MM patients. Among the MM and non-cancer patients, median age was 71 years and 57% of patients were male in each series, and 75% and 77% of patients, respectively, had at least one comorbidity. COVID-19 clinical severity was moderate-severe in 77% and 89% of patients and critical in 8% and 4%, respectively. Supplemental oxygen was required by 47% and 55% of MM and non-cancer patients, respectively, and 21%/9% vs 8%/6% required non-invasive/invasive ventilation. Inpatient mortality was 34% and 23% in MM and non-cancer patients, respectively. Among MM patients, inpatient mortality was 41% in males, 42% in patients aged >65 years, 49% in patients with active/progressive MM at hospitalization, and 59% in patients with comorbid renal disease at hospitalization, which were independent prognostic factors of inpatient mortality on adjusted multivariate analysis. This case series demonstrates the increased risk and identifies predictors of inpatient mortality among MM patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Key PointsThere is an increased risk of inpatient mortality (34% vs 23%) in MM vs age-/sex-matched non-cancer patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Adverse prognostic factors at admission for inpatient mortality in MM patients include age >65 y, male sex, renal disease, and active MM.
Findings and prognostic value of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Castelao Jorge , Graziani Desirée ,   Collaborative Working Group COVID Pulmonology Guadalajara, Soriano Joan B. , Izquierdo José Luis 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim is to systematically describe the findings of lung ultrasound in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and to analyze its prognostic value.MethodsLung ultrasound was performed to 63 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to a University Hospital. Lung involvement was evaluated using a 4-point scale with a 12-area pulmonary division (lung score -LS-). Ultrasound findings, along with clinical characteristics, were recorded.ResultsAll patients showed ultrasound involvement in at least 1 area (mean 8 ± 3.5). Total LS was 15.3 ± 8.1, without differences between left and right lung. Most affected regions were the lower one (95.2%) and the posterior one (73.8%). Total LS showed a strong correlation (r = -0.765) with PaO2/FiO2; by lung regions, those with a higher correlation were the LS of the anterior one (r = -0.823) and the LS of the upper one (r = -0.731). 22.2% of patients required non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS). Multivariate analysis shows that anterior region LS, adjusted for age and sex, is significant (odds ratio 2.159, 95% confidence interval 1.309 to 3.561) for the risk of requiring NIRS. Anterior region LS ≥ 4 and total LS ≥19 have similar characteristics to predict the need for NIRS.ConclusionsUltrasound involvement in COVID-19 pneumonia is bilateral and heterogeneous. Most affected regions are the posterior and the lower ones. The anterior region has prognostic value, because its involvement strongly correlates with the risk of requiring NIRS, and an anterior region LS ≥ 4 has high sensitivity and specificity for predicting the need for NIRS.
Evidence for structural protein damage and membrane lipid remodeling in red blood cells from COVID-19 patients
Authors: Thomas Tiffany , Stefanoni Davide , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Issaian Aaron , Nemkov Travis , Hill Ryan C. , Francis Richard O , Hudson Krystalyn E. , Buehler Paul W. , Zimring James C. , Hod Eldad A. , Hansen Kirk C. , Spitalnik Steven L. , D’Alessandro Angelo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 beta coronavirus is the etiological driver of COVID-19 disease, which is primarily characterized by shortness of breath, persistent dry cough, and fever. Because they transport oxygen, red blood cells (RBCs) may play a role in the severity of hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients.The present study combines state-of-the-art metabolomics, proteomics, and lipidomics approaches to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on RBCs from 23 healthy subjects and 29 molecularly-diagnosed COVID-19 patients. RBCs from COVID-19 patients had increased levels of glycolytic intermediates, accompanied by oxidation and fragmentation of ankyrin, spectrin beta, and the N-terminal cytosolic domain of band 3 (AE1). Significantly altered lipid metabolism was also observed, especially short and medium chain saturated fatty acids, acyl-carnitines, and sphingolipids. Nonetheless, there were no alterations of clinical hematological parameters, such as RBC count, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, with only minor increases in mean corpuscular volume. Taken together, these results suggest a significant impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on RBC structural membrane homeostasis at the protein and lipid levels. Increases in RBC glycolytic metabolites are consistent with a theoretically improved capacity of hemoglobin to off-load oxygen as a function of allosteric modulation by high-energy phosphate compounds, perhaps to counteract COVID-19-induced hypoxia. Conversely, because the N-terminus of AE1 stabilizes deoxyhemoglobin and finely tunes oxygen off-loading, RBCs from COVID-19 patients may be incapable of responding to environmental variations in hemoglobin oxygen saturation when traveling from the lungs to peripheral capillaries and, as such, may have a compromised capacity to transport and deliver oxygen.Graphical AbstractKey PointsCOVID-19 promotes oxidation and fragmentation of membrane proteins, including the N-term of band 3RBCs from COVID-19 patients are characterized by increases in glycolysis and altered lipidomesCOVID-19 impacts two critical mechanisms that finely tune red cell membranes and hemoglobin oxygen affinity
Structure of apo flavin-dependent halogenase Xcc4156 hints at a reason for cofactor-soaking difficulties
Authors: Widmann Christiane , Ismail Mohamed , Sewald Norbert , Niemann Hartmut H. 
Published: June 2020

Flavin-dependent halogenases regioselectively introduce halide substituents into electron-rich substrates under mild reaction conditions. For the enzyme Xcc4156 fromXanthomonas campestris, the structure of a complex with the cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and a bromide ion would be of particular interest as this enzyme exclusively brominates model substratesin vitro. Apo Xcc4156 crystals diffracted to 1.6 Å resolution. The structure revealed an open substrate-binding site lacking the loop regions that close off the active site and contribute to substrate binding in tryptophan halogenases. Therefore, Xcc4156 might accept larger substrates, possibly even peptides. Soaking of apo Xcc4156 crystals with FAD led to crumbling of the intergrown crystals. Around half of the crystals soaked with FAD did not diffract, while in the others there was no electron density for FAD. The FAD-binding loop, which changes its conformation between the apo and the FAD-bound form in related enzymes, is involved in a crystal contact in the apo Xcc4156 crystals. The conformational change that is predicted to occur upon FAD binding would disrupt this crystal contact, providing a likely explanation for the destruction of the apo crystals in the presence of FAD. Soaking with only bromide did not result in bromide bound to the catalytic halide-binding site. Simultaneous soaking with FAD and bromide damaged the crystals more severely than soaking with only FAD. Together, these latter two observations suggest that FAD and bromide bind to Xcc4156 with positive cooperativity. Thus, apo Xcc4156 crystals provide functional insight into FAD and bromide binding, even though neither the cofactor nor the halide is visible in the structure.
A hybrid constriction coefficient-based particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm for training multi-layer perceptron
Authors: Rather Sajad Ahmad , Bala P. Shanthi 
Published: June 2020

PurposeIn this paper, a newly proposed hybridization algorithm namely constriction coefficient-based particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm (CPSOGSA) has been employed for training MLP to overcome sensitivity to initialization, premature convergence, and stagnation in local optima problems of MLP.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the exploration of the search space is carried out by gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and optimization of candidate solutions, i.e. exploitation is performed by particle swarm optimization (PSO). For training the multi-layer perceptron (MLP), CPSOGSA uses sigmoid fitness function for finding the proper combination of connection weights and neural biases to minimize the error. Secondly, a matrix encoding strategy is utilized for providing one to one correspondence between weights and biases of MLP and agents of CPSOGSA.FindingsThe experimental findings convey that CPSOGSA is a better MLP trainer as compared to other stochastic algorithms because it provides superior results in terms of resolving stagnation in local optima and convergence speed problems. Besides, it gives the best results for breast cancer, heart, sine function and sigmoid function datasets as compared to other participating algorithms. Moreover, CPSOGSA also provides very competitive results for other datasets.Originality/valueThe CPSOGSA performed effectively in overcoming stagnation in local optima problem and increasing the overall convergence speed of MLP. Basically, CPSOGSA is a hybrid optimization algorithm which has powerful characteristics of global exploration capability and high local exploitation power. In the research literature, a little work is available where CPSO and GSA have been utilized for training MLP. The only related research paper was given by Mirjalili et al., in 2012. They have used standard PSO and GSA for training simple FNNs. However, the work employed only three datasets and used the MSE performance metric for evaluating the efficiency of the algorithms. In this paper, eight different standard datasets and five performance metrics have been utilized for investigating the efficiency of CPSOGSA in training MLPs. In addition, a non-parametric pair-wise statistical test namely the Wilcoxon rank-sum test has been carried out at a 5% significance level to statistically validate the simulation results. Besides, eight state-of-the-art meta-heuristic algorithms were employed for comparative analysis of the experimental results to further raise the authenticity of the experimental setup.
The role of agency costs in the voluntary adoption of XBRL-based financial reporting
Authors: De Martinis Michael , Khedmati Mehdi , Navissi Farshid , Sualihu Mohammed Aminu , Tofik-Abu Zakiya 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether and how firm's agency costs played a role in the voluntary adoption of the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) under the SEC's voluntary filing program (VFP) that encouraged the voluntary adoption of the XBRL.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a logistics regression and a sample of 140 firms that voluntarily participated in the VFP during its entire existence in the United States, and 140 matched-pair counterparts that did not voluntarily adopt the XBRL to investigate the role of agency costs in the voluntary adoption of XBRL-based financial reporting.FindingsWe find evidence consistent with the conjecture that a firm's low magnitude of agency costs plays a significant motivating role in the voluntary adoption of XBRL-based financial reporting. Our results continue to hold after using an alternative measure of agency costs and conducting two-stage least squares regressions. Supplementing these results, the study also shows that the level of agency costs of voluntary XBRL adopters remains statistically unchanged after the adoption while the level of agency costs associated with the firms that did not participate in SEC's VFP significantly decline after the adoption during the XBRL mandate.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest that based on a firm's level of agency costs, regulators and policymakers, especially those in countries that are yet to mandate XBRL reporting, can, in advance, identify firms that are more likely to comply with their new financial reporting initiatives.Originality/valueThis paper provides first evidence on the role of agency costs in the voluntary adoption of XBRL using data from the United States.
Handicaps and new opportunity businesses: what do we (not) know about disabled entrepreneurs?
Authors: Mota Irisalva , Marques Carla , Sacramento Octávio 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe process by which disabled individuals become entrepreneurs can be influenced by factors of different orders. Throughout their entrepreneurship careers and projects, disabled entrepreneurs may have to overcome multiple personal, social and political barriers. This study aims to review what we do (and do not) know about disabled entrepreneurs research to date.Design/methodology/approachThe literature review focused on analyzing 42 articles from two databases, namely, Web of Science and Scopus. After the articles were selected, they were grouped into thematic clusters.FindingsThe results were categorized into four areas, namely, entrepreneurs with disabilities, self-employment as an alternative to unemployment for people with disabilities, barriers faced by disabled entrepreneurs and the importance of education, training and/or orientation for these individuals’ entrepreneurship. The research verified that, in some cases, people with disabilities resort to self-employment and become entrepreneurs to avoid unemployment. Education and training’s positive role in how this process develops is clear as they empower individuals with disabilities and enable them to raise entrepreneurial attitudes.Originality/valueBased on the citation profile of articles on disabled entrepreneurs, the results contribute to a better understanding of the flow and main findings of scientific research on this topic over the past 15 years. The findings also include research tendencies that reveal the field’s emergent perspectives, which are of great importance to academics seeking to enhance entrepreneurial processes and policymakers interested in stimulating entrepreneurship education.
God in the marketplace: Pentecostalism and marketing ritualization among Black Africans in the UK
Authors: Ojo Sanya , Nwankwo Sonny 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to examine market-mediated transformative capacities of Black African Pentecostalism. It does this by exploring the interface between religion, culture and identity to generate a fresh interpretation of how marketing is ritualized among UK’s Black Africans on the platform of Pentecostalism.Design/methodology/approachMethodology is based on in-depth interviews with respondents drawn from the African Pentecostal movements in London, UK. This paper shows how adherents’ responsiveness to Pentecostal dogmas generated market advantages.FindingsThe paper reveals the interconnectedness of religion, faith and culture which, in turn, coalesced into a dense network that defines the reproduction, organization and approach to entrepreneurial marketing.Originality/valuePentecostal practices unveil the marketing notion of “Pentepreneurship”, which combines both spiritual and enterprise activities to formulate a fused space of engagement straddling the sacred and the secular. This fusion points to a unique platform of entrepreneurial marketing that bestrides ethno-cultural, religious and economic identities.
Commercial social spaces in the post-disaster context
Authors: Haeffele Stefanie , Craig Alexander Wade 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper argues that commercial entrepreneurial activities have social implications and can provide needed social spaces during the disaster recovery process, and that viewing commercial enterprises as socially valuable has implications for post-disaster public policy.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses themes and concepts developed through in-depth interviews conducted in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Houston, Texas, after Hurricane Katrina. Particular case studies of the personal experiences of communities that recovered after Hurricane Katrina are utilized to highlight how commercial entrepreneurship creates and maintains social spaces where community members can share resources and connect during the recovery process.FindingsEntrepreneurs need not have a specific social mission in order to make social contributions, and commercial entrepreneurship should create and maintain social spaces that are important for community recovery after disasters.Practical implicationsThe social spaces that commercial entrepreneurs facilitate should be considered when designing and implementing public policy in the post-disaster context. Policies can often hinder recovery, and policymakers should instead establish clear regulatory regimes and allow for greater space for entrepreneurs to act.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the role entrepreneurs play in advancing social goals and purposes after disasters, specifically how commercial entrepreneurs can create and maintain social spaces where community members gather to discuss their challenges and strategies for disaster recovery. It highlights the extra-economic role of commercial entrepreneurs and discusses the implications for public policy based on this broadened conception of entrepreneurship.
Components of a community model of dementia palliative care
Authors: Fox Siobhan , O'Connor Niamh , Drennan Johnathan , Guerin Suzanne , Kernohan W. George , Murphy Aileen , Timmons Suzanne 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe Model for Dementia Palliative Care Project will develop a service-delivery model for community-based dementia palliative care. Many countries provide dementia palliative care services, albeit with considerable variability within these. However, little is known about what service providers consider to be the most important components of a dementia palliative care model. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory design using a survey method was used as an initial phase of the wider project. A web-based survey was developed, piloted (n = 5), revised, and distributed within five healthcare jurisdictions: the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, England, Scotland, and Wales. The target population was health and social care professionals, policymakers, and academics interested in dementia and palliative care. Content analysis of open-ended questions identified common themes; descriptive statistics were applied to the closed-ended questions.FindingsOverall, N = 112 complete surveys were received. Key care principles incorporated the philosophies of palliative care and dementia care; many described “holistic” and “person-centred care” as the core. Important individual service components were the support for carers, advanced care planning, information, education and training, activities for “meaningful living”, comprehensive disease management, coordinated case management, and linking with community health services and social activities. Barriers included poor availability and organisation of healthcare services, stigma, misconceptions around dementia prognosis, insufficiently advanced care planning, and dementia-related challenges to care. Facilitators included education, carer support, and therapeutic relationships.Originality/valueThis study, as part of the larger project, will directly inform the development of a novel service delivery Model of Dementia Palliative Care for Ireland. The results can also inform service planning and design in other countries.
Comparison of self-rating of cognition and depression in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Berra Kishen , Nguyen Charles , Bota Peter 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discover if there is a correlation between scores on the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire (CPFQ) scores of 43 patients with major depression.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 43 adult patients with major depression were evaluated during their regularly scheduled outpatient appointment in a mental health clinic.

Findings
There was an R2 value of 0.6544 between the patients’ scores, a moderate-to-strong correlation which matches other observations that cognitive impairment increases in conjunction with severity of depression. This correlation lends further clinical support to the legitimacy of using the CPFQ as a simpler alternative to traditional neuropsychological testing, with further testing of the correlation between CPFQ and traditional neuropsychological testing results being a worthwhile potential field of study.

Originality/value
Cognitive dysfunction is a frequent comorbidity in patients with depression, but while there is a brief and effective self- assessment for depression, the BDI, in common use, there is no equivalent test for cognitive dysfunction, and physicians are forced to rely on less accessible methods of neuropsychological testing.
Gender composition and agency decision-making: female officers' effect on body-worn camera acquisition
Authors: Mrozla Thomas J. , Marin Hellwege Julia 
Published: June 2020

PurposeGender representation in policing is an important but understudied topic. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between female representation in police departments and the acquisition of body-worn cameras (BWCs). Further, it examined how female representation influenced the reasons for acquiring BWCs.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered from the 2013 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) survey and the 2016 Body-Worn Camera Supplement to the LEMAS.FindingsControlling for relevant organizational characteristics, findings highlight the importance of female representation in terms of the acquisition of BWCs. In addition, findings point to the effect that increased female representation has on the reasons for acquiring BWCs. Namely, agencies with a greater percentage of female patrol officers were more likely to acquire body cameras for reasons related to improving community relations, professionalism, training, reducing use of force and strengthening leadership.Practical implicationsThis paper provides evidence of the positive influence of female representation in policing.Originality/valueThis paper fulfills the identified need to examine the influence of gender representation in police organizations. In addition, it advances the direction of recent research to merge large data sets in order to provide a unique look at the research questions.