bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedimentary-diagenetic ore formation in the Jurassic system terrigenous deposits of the Tatarstan Republic
Authors: Korolev E A , Bakhtin A I , Eskin A A , Korolev A E , Barieva E R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Authigenic ore mineralization of the Jurassic terrigenous complexes rocks, widespread in the Tatarstan, is considered. It has been established that the ore minerals associations’ composition is determined by geochemical conditions of mineral formation environment. In rocks of oxide geochemical facies (sandstones, siltstones), iron, manganese and titanium oxides predominate. Pyrite framboids and copper-nickel intermetallide compounds predominate in rocks of neutral geochemical facies (green clays). The rocks of anoxic geochemical facies (black clay, oil shale) contain only pyrite framboids. The main factor determining the authigenic ore minerals associations composition is redox potential of environment.
Capacitive and migration parameters of the rocks of the upper part of the section in the east of the Russian platform
Authors: Musin R Kh , Zotina К E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with values of the filtration coefficients of reservoir rocks that contain fresh undergroundwater, and changes in these values in space in the oil region of Tatarstan Republic. The article also considers the filtration coefficients and diffusion coefficients of Quaternary clay loams and the absorption capacity of low permeable formations in the Nizhnekamskaya petrochemical industrial zone; this zone is one of the largest in Europe. The main result of our research is that five key factors control the significant variability of rock permeability. These factors are the depth of the rocks, the geomorphological and structural location, facies formation conditions and location of the Neogene palaeovalleys. Low permeable rocks in the upper section of the Nizhnekamskaya industrial zone are widespread and have a high absorption capacity, which is almost similar to the capacity of montmorillonite; these factors determine the high protection of groundwater from surface pollution. The results obtained by the authors are necessary for rational hydrogeological and geoecological studies, as well as for the creation of computer geofiltration and geomigration models.
The chemical and mineral composition of volcanic ash in the Upper Carboniferous deposits of the Usolka section (South Ural, Russia)
Authors: Sungatullin R Kh , Sungatullina G M , Sadriev F F , Aysina R N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Volcanic ash from the Usolka section, which is proposed as an international standard for global correlation of the lower boundaries of the Kasimovian and Gzhelian Stages, is considered. The content of rock-forming components in ashes is given. It is shown that the ashes of the Gzhelian Stage differ from older deposits in higher contents of Al, Ca, Mn and lower contents of Si, Ti, Fe. An increase in the content of some microcomponents (Cu, Cr, Ba, S) to the lower boundary of the Kasimovian Stage was noted. For the first time, information has been obtained on the mineral composition of ashes, which allows them to be used for correlation.
Palm oil mill fly ash as a low-cost adsorbent for Rhodamine-B removal from industrial wastewater
Authors: Pinem J A , Utama P S , Irianty R S , Prawiranegara B A , Saputra Edy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, the adsorption properties of Rhodamine-B (RB) on fly ash were investigated. Two different fly ashes conditions, including raw fly ash and activated fly ash, were selected for the adsorption experiment. The adsorption process is conducted by mixing fly ash 0.5; 1; 1,5 and 2g/L with the temperature of 30°C; 35°C; 45°C. The results showed that the HCl activation will enhance the MB adsorption capacity of fly ash, the higher the mass of adsorbent, and the higher mixing temperature, the better the performance of adsorbent is. Then, the great conditions for reducing RB with adsorbent mass 2g/L at temperature of 45°C, with a removal efficiency 90,54%
Torrefaction of Empty Fruit Bunches: Evaluation of Fuel Characteristics Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Helwani Z , Zulfansyah  , Fatra W , Fernando A Q , Idroes G M , Muslem  , Idroes R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) can be used as an alternative energy source by torrefaction process. Torrefaction is a treatment process of biomass into solid fuel within temperature range of 200-300 °C in an inert condition. This research aims to study the effect of process variable interaction process and to study the characteristic of solid fuel resulted. Torrefaction of EFB was performed by using horizontal fixed bed reactor at three different temperatures, times and particle sizes, that are 225, 250 and 275 °C, for 15, 30 and 45 minutes, and particle size 2, 4 and 6 cm, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for to optimization optimize of torrefaction conditions so that biofuel of with high energy density, maximum energy properties, and minimum weight loss could be manufactured. The analysis showed that increase in heating values was affected by treatment severity (cumulated effect of temperature, time and particle size). Our results clearly demonstrated an increased degradation of the material due to the combined effects of temperature and treatment time. While the reaction time had less impact on the energy density of torrefied biomass, the effect of reaction temperature was considerably stronger under the torrefaction conditions used in this study. The most significant factor affecting all responses was temperature of torrefaction, then followed by time and particle size. The optimized torrefaction conditions were verified empirically and the applicability of the model was confirmed. The torrefied biomass occurred more suitable than raw biomass in terms of calorific value, physical and chemical properties.
Dynamic engine charge simulation for unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Grishin Yu A , Bakulin V N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Rational use of wave processes of significant intensity in the intake pipes of piston engines allows providing dynamic charge, which leads to a noticeable increase in engine power, reduction of fuel consumption. This is especially true for engines used on unmanned aerial vehicles. For numerical calculation of the dynamic charge, a modification of the method of decay of an arbitrary discontinuity has been developed, based on the application of special gas-dynamic functions of the unsteady flow, which does not use a simplifying linearization and thus provides increased accuracy of the results required for wave processes of significant intensity. Corresponding calculations of the engine cylinder charge filling at dynamic charge have shown the possibility of the power increase by 24%, which corresponds well with the experimental data.
Effect of putrescine and type of light in callus of Gardenia Jasminoides L. content from some effective medical compounds
Authors: Kadhim Al-Maameri Ahmed A. , Almyali Ali Ahmed Hussein 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of tissue culture of Plant Production Techniques Department, at Musaib Technical College to study the effect of different concentrations of putrescine and the type of light on the content of the Gardenia from some effective medical compounds. The experiment included two factor the first consisted of two sources of light, namely light (fluorescent), LED light (18 red: 2 blue) and the second factor, the addition of Putrescine with three concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5) mg.l-1. Some effective medical substances (Coumaric, Ferulic, Caffeorylquanic, Sinapic acid and Tannic) acids was measured in Callus Of Gardenia using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The results were analyzed using the statistical program Genstat and the mean was measured according to the least significant difference of LSD at the probability level of 5%. The results showed superior treatment of LED lighting in the concentration of all measured active compounds, The highest concentration of compounds (Ferulic, Caffeorylquanic and Sinapic) acids was given with a concentration of 0.5 mg.l-1. The highest concentration of compounds (Coumaric and Tannic) acids. The interaction (LED + Putrescine at 0.5) gave the highest concentration of compounds (Ferulic, Caffeorylquanic and Sinapic) in Callus of Gardenia.
Development of an Ecological-friendly Method for Ciprofloxacin Determination and Cloud Point Extraction in Pharmaceuticals using Fe(II) (FeSO4.7H2O)
Authors: Fahad Abbas S. , Thani Mohammed Z. , Abdullah Asmaa M. , Dhahir Saadiyah A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, new spectrophotometric methods development for evaluation of ciprofloxacin are described. The first method including conversion of ciprofloxacin to colored complex with Fe (II) in the alkaline medium. The colored product has a yellow color with absorbance at λmax 450 nm. Between the concentration range (2-90 μg.mL−1), the Beers law is obeyed with correlation coefficient (R2) as 0.9996, limit of detection as 0.365 μg.mL−1, limit of quantification as 1.189 μg.mL−1. Secondly, cloud point extraction was used to determine of a trace amount of the colored product in the first method followed by measuring with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The linearity of calibration curve was above the range of (1-50μg.mL−1), the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9995. The Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.129 and 0.387 μg.mL1 respectively. This method was successfully employed for ciprofloxacin detection in the several pharmaceutical samples by Rec. Was rang between (98-102.8).
Fuzzy Estimators for Parameters and Hazard Rate Function of Lindley Distribution: Simulation Study
Authors: Al-Noor N H , Subhi R S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe quantitative description of data is very essential for statistics. In standard statistics data are assumed to be numbers, vectors or classical functions. But in applications, real data are frequently not precise numbers or vectors, but often more or less imprecise. All kinds of data which cannot be presented as precise numbers or cannot be precisely classified are called non-precise or fuzzy. The present paper focused on obtaining the maximum likelihood and approximate Bayesian estimators of the parameters and hazard rate function for Lindley distribution when the data are available in fuzzy form. Since there are no exact forms, maximum likelihood estimators have been derived according to the algorithm of Newton- Raphson as an iterative technique and Bayes estimators have been derived based on informative gamma priors relative to squared error and precautionary loss functions according to a numerical approximate Lindley‘s technique. The obtained estimators have been compared through Monte-Carlo simulation study.
Reinforcement the Mechanical Properties of (NR50/SBRs50/OSP) Composites with Oyster Shell Powder and Carbon Black
Authors: Al-Nesrawya Sameer H. , Mohseenb Mohammed J. , Al-Bermany Ehssan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, the rubber batches composites were prepared using Natural rubber (NR) and synthetic rubber (SBR) as model materials. The composites were reinforced using oyster shell powder (OSP) with particle size less than (225μm). Two groups of samples were prepared with (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 60 pphr) with loading ratio of OSP and (CB-10pphr) of CB, whereas other composites were without CB. Density, viscosity and multi ultrasound velocity wave devices were applied to characterize the density according to the specification (ASTM-D1817-66) (Densitron), rheological properties with specification (ASTM-D2084-89) standard and mechanical properties, respectively. The result showed significant influence of the reinforcements (OSP) material and (CB) on some of these properties that exhibited an increasing with the increasing of loading ratio of (OSP) and (CB), such as density, relaxation amplitude and compressibility, but the other properties were decreasing like viscosity, relaxation time, velocity waves, bulk modulus and specific acoustic impedance.
Non-thermal plasma effects on structural and optical properties of Cd doped ZnO thin films
Authors: Mishjil Khudheir A , Abdulsada A H , Rashid H G , Mansour H L , Rasheed H S , Murbat H H , Habubi N F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Undoped ZnO and Cd doped ZnO thin films were deposited utilizing chemical spray pyrolysis. The effects of non-thermal plasma on the structural and optical properties were studied. XRD patterns indicate that all the deposited films were polycrystalline hexagonal structure, but the preferred orientation of un doped ZnO was (002), while for doped samples were orientated along (101). The effect of plasma exposure on crystal size, transmittance, absorption edge and optical energy gap were investigated. Results illustrate that the crystal size, transmittance and optical energy gap were decreased when doped samples exposure to plasma.
Determination of naturally occurring radionuclides in Disi aquifer water of Jordan
Authors: Al-Bedri M B H , Younis T A J , Abdulghani I J , Hameed W O 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Disi water samples were collected from different Disi aquifer wells in Jordan using a clean polyethylene container of 10-liter size. A hyper-pure germanium (HPGe) detector with high- resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy and a low background counting system was used for the identification of unknown gamma-rays emitting from radionuclides in the environmental samples. The ranges of specific activity concentrations of 226Ra and 228Ra in the Disi aquifer water were found to be from 0.302 ± 0.085 to 0.723 ± 0.207 and from 0.047 ± 0.010 to 0.525 ± 0.138 Bq L−1, with average values of 0.516 ± 0.090 and 0.287 ± 0.091 Bq L−1, respectively. The average combined radium (226Ra + 228Ra) activity and radium activity ratio (228Ra/226Ra) in Disi groundwater were found to be 0.803 ± 0.187 and 0.550 ± 0.178, respectively. A comparison was made between the present results and the international minimum recommended limits and previously published data from different countries.
Magneto-optical sensor based on the bandgap effect of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber injected with Fe3O4
Authors: Aobaid R A , Hussain H S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A magnetic field sensor, using a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF), based on the bandgap effect was designed and experimentally demonstrated. The water-based Fe3O4 was infiltrated into the core and the holes of the HC-PCF. The magnetic fluid was prepared with a concentration of 0.6mg/ml. A diode laser with a wavelength 532nm was used as a light source. Two types of HC-PCF were used: HC-1550-19 PCF and HC-800-02 PCF. The sensitivity was tested for a magnetic field that ranges from 0 mT to 24.5 mT. The results demonstrate that the sensitivity of the proposed sensors was 119.95 pm/mT and 151.27 pm/mT for HC-800-02 PCF and HC19-1550 PCF, respectively.
Color Image Enhancement Depending on Fuzzy Logic and Nonlinear Transform
Authors: Jawad M K , Daway H G , Mohamad H J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Color image enhancement considered one of the challenging fields in image processing category. The nonlinear function based on a fuzzy logic algorithm is developed within this paper to enhance image color. The suggested algorithm used sigmoid mapping and the membership function which relied on histogram analysis to enhance image contrast. The results of the suggested algorithm compared with fuzzy logic (square method), fuzzy logic (cubic method), Histogram Equalization and Multi-Scale Retinex. Different criteria used to evaluate the performance of the presented algorithm like Mean-S, Mean-H, nature image quality evaluator, Lightness Order Error and entropy. The evaluated criteria show the suggested algorithm is better in color enhancement compared with the other methods.
Study the Structural, Optical, Thermal Reflectivity and Magnetic Properties For Thin Copper Substituted Zinc Ferrite Zn1-xCuxFe2O4 Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Hussain Saleem A , Abdulsada G J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Thin films of Copper- substituted Zinc ferrites as general Zn1-xCuxFe2O4 where (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) It was prepared using the technique of spray pyrolysis technique on the glass substrate with a temperature equals (400±10oC). High purity of Copper nitrate, Zinc chloride and Iron oxalate were dissolved in 1 mole in de-ionized water. The prepared films are annealed at 520 oC. XRD pattern are used to study the structure of the prepared thin film ferrite. XRD results showed that the prepared thin films Zn1-xCuxFe2O4 are polycrystalline with spinel cubic structure. The results also showed the spinal ferrite structure was modified by the substitute ions. SEM results showed that the prepared films were of a uniform and homogenous nature. Results of thermal reflectivity showed that the reflectivity of the films increases with increasing of (x) and it is approximately greater than 60%. The magnetic properties of the prepared films were examined using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer(VSM). The magnetization measurements indicate that the Zn1-xCuxFe2O4 showed ferromagnetic demeanor at room temperature.
Prognostic durability of coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Chow Benjamin J W , Yam Yeung , Small Gary , Wells George A , Crean Andrew M , Ruddy Terrence D , Hossain Alomgir 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
This large prospective cohort study sought to confirm the incremental prognostic value of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) measured over a prolonged follow-up duration. CCTA has diagnostic and prognostic value but data supporting its long-term prognostic value in a large prospectively recruited cohort with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) has been limited.

Methods and results
Consecutive patients (without history of myocardial infarction, revascularization, cardiac transplantation, and congenital heart disease) were prospectively enrolled. CCTA was evaluated for CAD severity, total plaque score (TPS), and left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients were followed for major adverse events (MAE) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE).
Over a total of 99 months, 8667 consecutive CCTA patients (mean age = 57.1 ± 11.1 years, 52.9% men) were prospectively enrolled and followed for a mean duration of 7.0 ± 2.6 years. At follow-up, there were a total of 723 MAE, 278 MACE, 547 all-cause deaths, 110 cardiac deaths, and 104 non-fatal myocardial infarction. Patients without coronary atherosclerosis at the time of CCTA had a very low annual event rate for both MAE and MACE (0.45%/year and 0.19%/year, respectively). Both MAE and MACE increased with increasing TPS and severity of CAD. In patients with non-obstructive CAD and who were statin-naive, TPS ≥5 had MACE rates &gt;0.75%/year. Patients with high-risk CAD had an annual MAE and MACE rates of 3.52%/year and 2.58%/year, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratio of the severity of CAD based on multivariable analyses indicated that the prognostic values were incremental.

Conclusion
CCTA has independent and incremental prognostic value that is durable over time. The absence of coronary atherosclerosis portends an excellent prognosis. Patients with increasing non-obstructive plaque burden have worse prognosis and a TPS threshold ≥5 may identify a population that may benefit from statin therapy.
P981Comparison of automark utilization and lesion metric target during paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation with a contact force-sensing ablation catheter: European and U.S. multicenter Experiences
Authors: Ramanna H , Lloret J L , Zahwe F , Porterfield C , Trines S , Djajadisastra I , Gibson D , Gururaj A , Alizadeh Dehnavi R , Raine D , James S , Razak E , Oommen S , Tao C , Olson N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Accurate delivery of transmural lesion is associated with improved durability of pulmonary vein isolation and reduced reconduction. Lesion quality depends on multiple parameters such as radiofrequency power, tissue-catheter contact, duration of energy application, and catheter tip temperature. Consequently, energy delivery parameters vary based on individual operators’ preferences and procedural needs.

Purpose
To characterize and compare the utilization of automated lesion marking feature and lesion delivery parameters used during paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation performed with a magnetic sensor enabled contact force-sensing catheter across European and U.S. centers.

Methods
Procedural data were prospectively collected in clinical cases performed with a new magnetic sensor enabled, contact force ablation catheter within the first 6 months of use at participating centers in Europe and the U.S. Use of bidirectional CF catheters, steerable sheaths, automated lesion marking software and associated lesion delivery parameters during paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation were evaluated.

Results
A total of 149 cases across 37 centers in 11 European countries, and 112 cases across 31 U.S. centers were analyzed. A bidirectional contact force catheter (56.4% and 90.2%), a steerable sheath (65.8% and 69.6%), and the automated lesion marking module (77.9% and 90.2%) were used in most European and U.S. cases, respectively. The most commonly reported energy delivery parameters were: lesion index (LSI), Force-Time Integral (FTI), and time from European cases; LSI, average force, and FTI for U.S. cases (Table). Target LSI values were recorded for 126 cases in Europe and 34 in the U.S, ranging from 3 to 6. In anterior/roof segments, most common LSI target values for anterior/roof and posterior/inferior segments were 6 (42.9%) and 5 (51.2%) in Europe, and 5.5 (44.1%) and 5 (54.5%) in the U.S. PVI was confirmed with an average of 20.3 minutes waiting period (69.1%) for European cases and exit block (57.1%) in U.S. cases. First pass PVI were 67.1% and 74.4% for European and U.S. cases, respectively.

Conclusion
Energy delivery parameters and PVI confirmation method varied considerably by geography during paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation using the magnetic sensor enabled, contact force ablation catheter. Further study on efficacy implication on these differences in practice should be examined.
Energy delivery parameters used Paroxysmal AF N LSI FTI Time Imp Drop Avg Force Other N/A Europe 149 44.0 % 13.4 % 7.0 % 6.0 % 2.4 % 1.0 % 26.2 % U.S. 112 31.2% 17.9 % 6.2 % 8.0 % 23.2 % 11.7 % 1.8 % Energy delivery parameters used in paroxysmal AF ablation in Europe and U.S.