bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Berücksichtigung der Beschäftigten im Prozess der Digitalisierung aus Sicht von Personalverantwortlichen
Authors: Stamer Katja 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag untersucht, inwiefern die Beschäftigten im Prozess der Digitalisierung aus der Perspektive von Personalverantwortlichen berücksichtigt werden. In diesem Kontext werden neben den seit Jahrzehnten thematisierten psychischen Beanspruchungen im Arbeitsumfeld zusätzlich die durch die Digitalisierung induzierten Stressoren eingeschätzt. Darüber hinaus wird überprüft, welche präventiven Maßnahmen in den Unternehmen eingesetzt werden, um die Stressoren für die Beschäftigten zu minimieren. Auf Basis eines querschnittlichen Untersuchungsdesigns und einer Stichprobe von Personalverantwortlichen (N = 241) aus Unternehmen verschiedener Branchen und Größen werden deskriptive Analysen durchgeführt.Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass in den Unternehmen, welche die Beschäftigten im Digitalisierungsprozess nicht ausreichend berücksichtigen, eine Zunahme an psychischen Krankheiten zu verzeichnen ist. Fehlt in den Unternehmen Kommunikation, Information und Transparenz, nehmen psychische Krankheiten ebenso zu. Weitere Studienergebnisse sind: Die Hälfte der Unternehmen (50,6 %) führt keine psychische Gefährdungsbeurteilung durch, ein Viertel (27 %) der Unternehmen setzt keine präventiven Maßnahmen zur Stressreduzierung ein.Praktische RelevanzDie Zunahme von psychischen Krankheiten bei Beschäftigten und die daraus resultierenden Fehltage stehen teilweise in Verbindung mit den durch die Digitalisierung induzierten neuen Arbeitsbedingungen. Durch die Corona-Pandemie hat sich das Arbeitsumfeld durch den Einsatz von digitalen Medien und Prozessen kurzfristig verändert – die Digitalisierung wurde beschleunigt. Aus arbeitswissenschaftlicher Sicht ist es von großer Bedeutung, dass die Personalverantwortlichen die durch die Digitalisierung induzierten Stressoren wahrnehmen und entsprechende unterstützende Maßnahmen einleiten, um die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten zu erhalten.
Health effects of heat vulnerability in Rio de Janeiro: a validation model for policy applications
Authors: Prosdocimi Diogo , Klima Kelly 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExtreme heat events can lead to increased risk of heat-related deaths. Furthermore, urban areas are often hotter than their rural surroundings, exacerbating heat waves. Unfortunately, validation is difficult; to our knowledge, most validations, even if they control for temperatures, really only validate a social vulnerability index instead of a heat vulnerability index. Here we investigate how to construct and validate a heat vulnerability index given uncertainty ranges in data for the city of Rio de Janeiro. First, we compare excess deaths of certain types of circulatory diseases during heat waves. Second, we use demographic and environmental data and factor analysis to construct a set of unobserved factors and respective weightings related to heat vulnerability, including a Monte Carlo analysis to represent the uncertainty ranges assigned to the input data. Finally, we use distance to hospital and clinics and their health record data as an instrumental variable to validate our factors. We find that we can validate the Rio de Janeiro heat vulnerability index against excess deaths during heat waves; specifically, we use three types of regressions coupled with difference in difference calculations to show this is indeed a heat vulnerability index as opposed to a social vulnerability index. The factor analysis identifies two factors that contribute to >70% of the variability in the data; one socio-economic factor and one urban form factor. This suggests it is necessary to add a step to existing methods for validation of heat vulnerability indices, that of the difference-in-difference calculation.
Training needs of investigators and research team members to improve inclusivity in clinical and translational research participation
Authors: Passmore Susan R. , Farrar Edwards Dorothy , Sorkness Christine A. , Esmond Sarah , Brasier Allan R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Despite increasing attention to the importance of diverse research participants, success across the translational research spectrum remains limited. To assess investigator and research team training needs, we conducted a web-based survey exploring barriers in knowledge and practice. Respondents (n = 279) included those affiliated with the University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR). Although all respondents reported an abstract belief in the importance of diversity, factors associated with higher levels of best practices knowledge and implementation included: (1) use of federal funding; (2) having fewer years of experience; (3) recruiting healthy participants; and (4) having recruitment training.
An innovative educational program for addressing health disparities in translational cancer research
Authors: Oldham Carla E. , Gathings M. J. , Devi Gayathri R. , Patierno Steven R. , Williams Kevin P. , Hough Holly J. , Barrett Nadine J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
North Carolina Central University (NCCU) and Duke Cancer Institute implemented an NCI-funded Translational Cancer Disparities Research Partnership to enhance translational cancer research, increase the pool of underrepresented racial and ethnic group (UREG) researchers in the translational and clinical research workforce, and equip UREG trainees with skills to increase diversity in clinical trials. The Cancer Research Education Program (C-REP) provided training for UREG graduate students and postdoctoral fellows at Duke and NCCU. An innovative component of C-REP is the Translational Immersion Experience (TIE), which enabled Scholars to gain knowledge across eight domains of clinical and translational research (clinical trials operations, data monitoring, regulatory affairs, UREG accrual, biobanking, community engagement, community outreach, and high-throughput drug screening). Program-specific evaluative metrics were created for three broad domains (clinical operations, basic science/lab research, and population-based science) and eight TIE domains. Two cohorts (n = 13) completed pre- and post-surveys to determine program impact and identify recommendations for program improvement. Scholars reported statistically significant gains in knowledge across three broad domains of biomedical research and seven distinct areas within TIE. Training in translational research incorporating immersions in clinical trials operation, biobanking, drug development, and community engagement adds value to career development of UREG researchers.
Conducting COVID-19-Related Research in Jordan: Are We Ready?
Authors: Ikhmais Balqis , Hammad Alaa M. , Al-Qerem Walid , Abusara Osama H. , Ling Jonathan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency of international concern. This pandemic poses a challenge to research and scientific community. In this study, we developed and tested content reliability and content validity of a questionnaire designed for evaluating the readiness and willingness of researchers to participate in virology research in Jordan. The survey was hosted on an online platform, and the link was emailed. A total of 332 participants from universities across Jordan completed the survey. For factor analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value (KMO) and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity were conducted. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with parallel analysis and scree plots were conducted to evaluate the most suitable model for the data. The result of the EFA suggested a 5-factor model would fit the survey. Data showed that the lowest means were for researchers’ readiness to conduct virology research and readiness for virology research with means of 2.07 and 2.95, respectively. Moreover, years of experience and speciality had a significant effect on the readiness and willingness of virology research in Jordan. In conclusion, readiness for research and researchers should be addressed and authorities should pay attention to these shortcomings in virology research.
Political Exclusion, Lost Autonomy, and Escalating Conflict over Self-Determination
Authors: Germann Micha , Sambanis Nicholas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMost civil wars are preceded by nonviolent forms of conflict. While it is often assumed that violent and nonviolent conflicts arequalitativelydifferent and have different causes, that assumption is rarely tested empirically. We use a two-step approach to explore whether political exclusion and lost autonomy—two common causes of civil war according to extant literature—are associated with the emergence of nonviolent separatist claims, with the escalation of nonviolent separatist claims to war, or both. Our analysis suggests that different types of grievances matter more at different stages of conflict escalation. We find that political exclusion is a significant correlate of the escalation of nonviolent claims for self-determination to violence, while its association with the emergence of nonviolent separatist claims is weaker. By contrast, lost autonomy is correlated with both the emergence of nonviolent separatist claims and, if autonomy revocations are recent, their escalation to violence. We argue that these results are consistent with both grievance- and opportunity-based theories of conflict.
Biogeography of intertidal and subtidal native and invasive barnacles in Korea in relation to oceanographic current ecoregions and global climatic changes
Authors: Kim Hyun Kyong , Chan Benny K. K. , Lee Sang-kyu , Kim Won 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe coastline of the Korean Peninsula is influenced by three major oceanographic ecoregions, including the estuarine Yellow Sea ecoregion on the west coast, the warmer and saline East China Sea ecoregion on the south coast, and the cold East Sea ecoregion on the east coast. The influence of these marine ecoregions on the distribution of intertidal barnacles has not been extensively studied. The present study examines the biogeography of thoracican barnacles from intertidal and shallow subtidal zones, along the coasts of Korea. Twenty-one species in seven families were identified, including three species of coral-associated barnacles. Species composition varied significantly in the three marine ecoregions. Multivariate analysis showed barnacle assemblages were significant among the three ecoregions, although there are large overlaps of clusters between the Yellow Sea and East China Sea ecoregions. The estuarine species,Fistulobalanus albicostatus, occurred mainly in the Yellow Sea ecoregion; warm-water species,Tetraclita japonica, and sponge inhabiting barnaclesEuacasta dofleiniwere observed in the East China Sea ecoregion; and cold-water species,Balanus rostratusandPerforatus perforatus, were found in the East Sea ecoregion. Four invasive barnacle species were recorded and the European barnaclePerforatus perforatusexpanded its range northward from its recorded distribution nine years earlier. The cold-water species,Chthamalus dalliandSemibalanus cariosus, previously recorded in the East Sea ecoregion, were absent in the present survey. A trend of increasing seawater temperatures in Korean waters may have a significant impact on the distribution of cold-water species and enhance the northward invasion ofP.perforatus.
Mental health services for infectious disease outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review
Authors: Yue Jing-Li , Yan Wei , Sun Yan-Kun , Yuan Kai , Su Si-Zhen , Han Ying , Ravindran Arun V. , Kosten Thomas , Everall Ian , Davey Christopher G , Bullmore Edward , Kawakami Norito , Barbui Corrado , Thornicroft Graham , Lund Crick , Lin Xiao , Liu Lin , Shi Le , Shi Jie , Ran Mao-Sheng , Bao Yan-Ping , Lu Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe upsurge in the number of people affected by the COVID-19 is likely to lead to increased rates of emotional trauma and mental illnesses. This article systematically reviewed the available data on the benefits of interventions to reduce adverse mental health sequelae of infectious disease outbreaks, and to offer guidance for mental health service responses to infectious disease pandemic. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, WHO Global Research Database on infectious disease, and the preprint server medRxiv were searched. Of 4278 reports identified, 32 were included in this review. Most articles of psychological interventions were implemented to address the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, followed by Ebola, SARS, and MERS for multiple vulnerable populations. Increasing mental health literacy of the public is vital to prevent the mental health crisis under the COVID-19 pandemic. Group-based cognitive behavioral therapy, psychological first aid, community-based psychosocial arts program, and other culturally adapted interventions were reported as being effective against the mental health impacts of COVID-19, Ebola, and SARS. Culturally-adapted, cost-effective, and accessible strategies integrated into the public health emergency response and established medical systems at the local and national levels are likely to be an effective option to enhance mental health response capacity for the current and for future infectious disease outbreaks. Tele-mental healthcare services were key central components of stepped care for both infectious disease outbreak management and routine support; however, the usefulness and limitations of remote health delivery should also be recognized.
Relational aspects of meaning in life among older people – a group-interview gerontechnology study
Authors: Saarelainen Suvi-Maria , Mäki-Petäjä-Leinonen Anna , Pöyhiä Reino 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEarlier studies show that experiencing life as meaningful in old age promotes holistic wellbeing and health among older people. As more and more people are living with reduced capacities in their own homes, there is an urgent need to find new ways of promoting holistic wellbeing of the ageing population. Analysing data gathered from existential discussion groups on Service TV (STV), we show how strongly relationality and meaning in life are intertwined for older people. Our findings indicate that respect and support for the autonomy of older people is very important: in order to continue living at home, and prepare for a future with reduced capacities, they need family members for support. Autonomy of ageing becomes relational as choices and wishes are negotiated with family members. Relationships also contribute to loss of meaning. When older people felt that they were not close enough to their family, longed for friends of the same age, were bereaved or widowed, the relational gap caused a violation of meaning. In contrast, participation and activities with peers brought deep joy and connectedness to the lives of the participants. STV provided a new channel for participants to find and form meaningful relationships. Therefore, it is concluded that relationality can be supported by technological means of care.
Subgraph counts for dense random graphs with specified degrees
Authors: Greenhill Catherine , Isaev Mikhail , McKay Brendan D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe prove two estimates for the expectation of the exponential of a complex function of a random permutation or subset. Using this theory, we find asymptotic expressions for the expected number of copies and induced copies of a given graph in a uniformly random graph with degree sequence(d1, …, dn) as n→ ∞. We also determine the expected number of spanning trees in this model. The range of degrees covered includes dj= λn + O(n1/2+ε) for some λ bounded away from 0 and 1.
The Irish Context of Berkeley's ‘Resemblance Thesis’
Authors: Fasko Manuel , West Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on Berkeley's reasons for accepting the ‘resemblance thesis’ which entails that for one thing to represent another those two things must resemble one another. The resemblance thesis is a crucial premise in Berkeley's argument from the ‘likeness principle’ in §8 of the Principles. Yet, like the ‘likeness principle’, the resemblance thesis remains unargued for and is never explicitly defended. This has led several commentators to provide explanations as to why Berkeley accepts the resemblance thesis and why he also takes his opponents to do so too. We provide a contextual answer to this question, focusing on epistemological discussions concerning resemblance and representation in Early Modern Irish Philosophy. We argue that the resemblance thesis is implicit in early responses to William Molyneux's famous example of the ‘man born blind made to see’ and trace the ‘Molyneux man’ thought experiment as it is employed by Irish thinkers such as William King and Berkeley himself. Ultimately, we conclude that Berkeley's acceptance of the resemblance thesis can be explained by the Irish intellectual climate in which he was writing.
Does Berkeley's Immaterialism Support Toland's Spinozism? The Posidonian Argument and the Eleventh Objection
Authors: Schliesser Eric 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper argues that a debate between Toland and Clarke is the intellectual context to help understand the motive behind the critic and the significance of Berkeley's response to the critic in PHK 60-66. These, in turn, are responding to Boyle's adaptation of a neglected design argument by Cicero. The paper shows that there is an intimate connection between these claims of natural science and a once famous design argument. In particular, that in the early modern period the connection between the scientific revolution and a certain commitment to final causes, and god's design, is more than merely contingent. The details of PHK 60-66 support the idea that the critic is responding to concerns that by echoing features of Toland's argument Berkeley undermines the Newtonian edifice Clarke has constructed.
Current measures of distress may not account for what's most important in existential care interventions: Results of the outlook trial
Authors: Steinhauser Karen E. , Stechuchak Karen M. , Ramos Katherine , Winger Joseph , Tulsky James A. , Olsen Maren K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveCompare the efficacy of two interventions addressing emotional and existential well-being in early life-limiting illness.MethodPrimary trial analysis (n = 135) included patients with advanced cancer, congestive heart failure, or end-stage renal disease; Arm 1 received the Outlook intervention, addressing issues of life completion and preparation, and Arm 2 received relaxation meditation (RM). Primary outcomes at five weeks (primary endpoint) and seven weeks (secondary): completion and preparation (QUAL-E); secondary outcomes: anxiety (POMS) quality of life (FACT-G) and spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp) subscales of faith, meaning, and peace.ResultsAverage age was 62; 56% were post-high school-educated, 54% were married, 52% white, 44% female, and 70% had a cancer diagnosis. At baseline, participants demonstrated low levels of anxiety (<5 on POMS subscale) and depression (<10 on CESD) relative to population norms. Results of the primary analysis revealed no significant differences in mean Preparation by treatment arm at five weeks (14.4 Outlook vs. 14.8 RM; between-group difference −0.4 [95% CI, −1.6, 0.8], p = 0.49) or seven weeks (15.2 vs.15.4; between-group difference −0.2 [95% CI, −1.5, 1.0], p = 0.73). There were also no significant differences in mean Life Completion by treatment arm between five weeks (26.6 Outlook vs. 26.3 RM; between-group difference 0.2 [95% CI, −1.2, 1.7], p = 0.76) or seven weeks (26.5 vs. 27.5; between-group difference −1.0 [95% CI, −2.7, 0.7], p = 0.23). Compared to RM, Outlook participants did not have significant differences over time in the secondary outcomes of overall quality of life, anxiety, depression, FACT-G subscales, and FACIT-Sp subscales.DiscussionIn early-stage life-limiting illness, Outlook did not demonstrate a significant difference in primary or secondary outcomes relative to RM. Results underscore the importance of pre-screening for distress. Qualitatively, Outlook participants were able to express suppressed emotions, place illness context, reflect on adaptations, and strengthen identity. Screening for distress and identifying specified measures of distress, beyond anxiety and depression, is essential in our ability to adequately assess the multi-dimensional mechanisms that decrease existential suffering.
Improvement for most, but not all: changes in newspaper coverage of mental illness from 2008 to 2019 in England
Authors: Hildersley R. , Potts L. , Anderson C. , Henderson C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Time to Change, an anti-stigma programme in England, has worked to reduce stigma relating to mental illness in many facets of life. Newspaper reports are an important factor in shaping public attitudes towards mental illnesses, as well as working as a barometer reflecting public opinion. This study aims to assess the way that coverage of mental health topics and different mental illnesses has changed since 2008.

Method
Articles covering mental health in 18 different newspapers were retrieved using keyword searches on two randomly chosen days of each month in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2019. A content analysis approach using a structured coding framework was used to extract information from the articles. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the change in odds of each hypothesised stigmatising or anti-stigmatising element occurring in 2019 compared to 2008 and 2016 with a Wald test to assess the overall significance of year as a predictor in the model. Further logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the diagnosis that an article was about and the odds that it was stigmatising, and whether this relationship is moderated by year of publication.

Results
A total of 6731 articles were analysed, and there was a significant increase in anti-stigmatising articles in 2019 compared to 2008 (OR 3.16 (2.60–3.84), p < 0.001) and 2016 (OR 1.40 (1.16–1.69), p < 0.001). Of the 5142 articles that specified a diagnosis, articles about schizophrenia were 6.37 times more likely to be stigmatising than articles about other diagnoses (OR 6.37 (3.05–13.29) p < 0.001), and there was evidence that the strength of this relationship significantly interacted with the year an article was published (p = 0.010). Articles about depression were significantly less likely to be stigmatising (OR 0.59 (0.69–0.85) p = 0.018) than those about other diagnoses, while there was no difference in coverage of eating disorders v. other diagnoses (OR 1.37 (0.67–2.80) p = 0.386); neither of these relationships showed an interaction with the year of publication.

Conclusion
Anti-stigma programmes should continue to work with newspapers to improve coverage of mental illness. However, interventions should consider providing specific guidance and promote awareness of rarer mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, and evaluation should examine whether reductions in stigma extend to people with all mental illness diagnoses.