bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Factors for Prediction of Disease Severity of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Zhang Huizheng , Wang Xiaoying , Fu Zongqiang , Luo Ming , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Ke , He Ying , Wan Dongyong , Zhang Liwen , Wang Jing , Yan Xiaofeng , Han Mei , Chen Yaokai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an escalating global epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, with a high mortality in critical patients. Effective indicators for predicting disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients are urgently needed.MethodsIn this study, 43 COVID-19 patients admitted in Chongqing Public Health Medical Center were involved. Demographic data, clinical features, and laboratory examinations were obtained through electronic medical records. Peripheral blood specimens were collected from COVID-19 patients and examined for lymphocyte subsets and cytokine profiles by flow cytometry. Potential contributing factors for prediction of disease severity were further analyzed.ResultsA total of 43 COVID-19 patients were included in this study, including 29 mild patients and 14 sever patients. Severe patients were significantly older (61.9±9.4 vs 44.4±15.9) and had higher incidence in co-infection with bacteria compared to mild group (85.7%vs27.6%). Significantly more severe patients had the clinical symptoms of anhelation (78.6%) and asthma (71.4%). For laboratory examination, 57.1% severe cases showed significant reduction in lymphocyte count. The levels of Interluekin-6 (IL6), IL10, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and D-Dimer (D-D) were significantly higher in severe patients than mild patients, while the level of albumin (ALB) was remarkably lower in severe patients. Further analysis demonstrated that ESR, D-D, age, ALB and IL6 were the major contributing factors for distinguishing severe patients from mild patients. Moreover, ESR was identified as the most powerful factor to predict disease progression of COVID-19 patients.ConclusionAge and the levels of ESR, D-D, ALB and IL6 are closely related to the disease severity of COVID-19 patients. ESR can be used as a valuable indicator for distinguishing severe COVID-19 patients in early stage, so as to increase the survival of severe patients.
COVID-19 outbreak in Algeria: A mathematical Model to predict cumulative cases
Authors: Hamidouche Mohamed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionSince December 29, 2019 a pandemic of new novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia named COVID-19 has started from Wuhan, China, has led to 254 996 confirmed cases until midday March 20, 2020. Sporadic cases have been imported worldwide, in Algeria, the first case reported on February 25, 2020 was imported from Italy, and then the epidemic has spread to other parts of the country very quickly with 139 confirmed cases until March 21, 2020.MethodsIt is crucial to estimate the cases number growth in the early stages of the outbreak, to this end, we have implemented the Alg-COVID-19 Model which allows to predict the incidence and the reproduction number R0 in the coming months in order to help decision makers.The Alg-COVIS-19 Model initial equation 1, estimates the cumulative cases at t prediction time using two parameters: the reproduction number R0 and the serial interval SI.ResultsWe found R0=2.55 based on actual incidence at the first 25 days, using the serial interval SI= 4,4 and the prediction time t=26. The herd immunity HI estimated is HI=61%. Also, The Covid-19 incidence predicted with the Alg-COVID-19 Model fits closely the actual incidence during the first 26 days of the epidemic in Algeria Fig. 1.A. which allows us to use it.According to Alg-COVID-19 Model, the number of cases will exceed 5000 on the 42th day (April 7th) and it will double to 10000 on 46th day of the epidemic (April 11th), thus, exponential phase will begin (Table 1; Fig.1.B) and increases continuously until reaching à herd immunity of 61% unless serious preventive measures are considered.DiscussionThis model is valid only when the majority of the population is vulnerable to COVID-19 infection, however, it can be updated to fit the new parameters values.
High throughput screening to identify inhibitors of the type I interferon – major histocompatibility complex class I pathway in skeletal muscle
Authors: Kinder Travis B. , Dranchak Patricia , Inglese James 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImmunosuppressants used to treat autoimmunity are often not curative and have many side effects. Our purpose was to identify therapeutics for autoimmunity of the skeletal muscle termed idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (myositis). Recent evidence shows the pro-inflammatory type I interferons (IFN) and a down-stream product major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I are pathogenic in myositis. We conducted quantitative high throughput screening on >4,500 compound titrations through a series of cell-based assays to identify those that inhibit the type I IFN-MHC class I pathway in muscle precursor cells (myoblasts). The primary screen utilized CRISPR/Cas9 genome-engineered human myoblast containing a pro-luminescent reporter HiBit fused to the C-terminus of endogenous MHC class I. Active compounds were counter-screened for cytotoxicity and validated by MHC class I immunofluorescence, Western blot, and RT-qPCR. Actives included Janus kinase inhibitors and epigenetic/transcriptional modulators. Testing in animal models and clinical trials is warranted to translate these therapies to myositis patients.
Optimization of Microbiological Laboratory Detection Strategy for Patients in A Designated Hospital Treating Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Anhui Province
Authors: Chang Wenjiao , Shi Yuru , Qi Yingjie , Liu Jiaxing , Liu Ting , Chen Zhaowu , Zhang Wenjing , Wang Mengmeng , Liu Dongfeng , Yin Ming , Xu Jing , Yang Yun , Zhu Xiaowu , Ge Jing , Zhu Shu , Gao Yong , Ma Xiaoling 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNovel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is an emerging, highly contagious community acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Highly efficient and accurate microbiological laboratory assay is essential to confirm the SARS-CoV-2 infection, rule out other pathogens that can cause CAP, and monitor secondary infections. Here, we enrolled and provide microbiological analysis for 129 suspected and 52 transferred confirmed NCP patients hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) from Jan 21 to Feb 29, 2020. By analyzing the dual swab samples (sputum and pharyngeal) from 129 suspected patients with realtime RT-PCR, we confirmed 33 SARS-CoV-2 infections, with two co-infection cases with adenovirus or rhinovirus. We also used multiplex PCR to detect 13 common respiratory tract pathogens in 96 non-NCP patients, and found that 30 patients (31.25%) were infected with at least one respiratory tract pathogen that may cause CAP. Further, we performed bacterial and fungal cultures as well as fungal serologic tests and found that there is no secondary bacterial/fungal infections in confirmed NCP patients. Our studies suggest that, during the epidemic of NCP in Anhui province, there was a certain proportion of infection and co-infection of other common pathogens of CAP, and the secondary bacterial and fungal infection is not detectable in NCP patients. In comparison with SARS-CoV-2 detection alone, this optimized strategy combining multiple pathogen detection for identification of NCP and other CAP patients as well as cultures and serologic tests for confirmed patients increases the diagnosis efficiency and facilitates the personalized medication.
LPS induces GFAT2 expression to promote O-GlcNAcylation and attenuate inflammation in macrophages
Authors: Al-Mukh Hasanain , Baudoin Léa , Bouaboud Abdelouahab , Sanchez-Salgado José-Luis , Maraqa Nabih , Khair Mostafa , Pagesy Patrick , Bismuth Georges , Niedergang Florence , Issad Tarik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractO-GlcNAc glycosylation is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates the activity of intracellular proteins according to glucose availability and its metabolism through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). This modification has been involved in the regulation of various immune cell types, including macrophages. However, little is known concerning the mechanisms that regulate protein O-GlcNAcylation level in these cells. In the present work, we demonstrate that LPS treatment induces a marked increase in protein O-GlcNAcylation in RAW264.7 cells, bone-marrow-derived and peritoneal mouse macrophages, as well as human monocyte-derived macrophages. Targeted deletion of OGT in macrophages resulted in an increased effect of LPS on NOS2 expression and cytokine production, suggesting that O-GlcNAcylation may restrain inflammatory processes induced by TLR4 activation. The effect of LPS on protein O-GlcNAcylation in macrophages was associated with an increased expression and activity of glutamine fructose 6-phosphate amido-transferase (GFAT), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the HBP. More specifically, we observed that LPS rapidly and potently stimulated GFAT2 isoform mRNA and protein expression. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of FoxO1 impaired LPS effect on GFAT2 expression, suggesting a FoxO1-dependent mechanism. We conclude thatGFAT2should be considered as a new TLR4-inducible gene involved in regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation, that permits to limit exacerbated inflammation upon macrophage activation.
A SARS-CoV-2-Human Protein-Protein Interaction Map Reveals Drug Targets and Potential Drug-Repurposing
Authors: Gordon David E. , Jang Gwendolyn M. , Bouhaddou Mehdi , Xu Jiewei , Obernier Kirsten , O’Meara Matthew J. , Guo Jeffrey Z. , Swaney Danielle L. , Tummino Tia A. , Huettenhain Ruth , Kaake Robyn M. , Richards Alicia L. , Tutuncuoglu Beril , Foussard Helene , Batra Jyoti , Haas Kelsey , Modak Maya , Kim Minkyu , Haas Paige , Polacco Benjamin J. , Braberg Hannes , Fabius Jacqueline M. , Eckhardt Manon , Soucheray Margaret , Bennett Melanie J. , Cakir Merve , McGregor Michael J. , Li Qiongyu , Naing Zun Zar Chi , Zhou Yuan , Peng Shiming , Kirby Ilsa T. , Melnyk James E. , Chorba John S. , Lou Kevin , Dai Shizhong A. , Shen Wenqi , Shi Ying , Zhang Ziyang , Barrio-Hernandez Inigo , Memon Danish , Hernandez-Armenta Claudia , Mathy Christopher J.P. , Perica Tina , Pilla Kala B. , Ganesan Sai J. , Saltzberg Daniel J. , Ramachandran Rakesh , Liu Xi , Rosenthal Sara B. , Calviello Lorenzo , Venkataramanan Srivats , Liboy-Lugo Jose , Lin Yizhu , Wankowicz Stephanie A. , Bohn Markus , Sharp Phillip P. , Trenker Raphael , Young Janet M. , Cavero Devin A. , Hiatt Joseph , Roth Theodore L. , Rathore Ujjwal , Subramanian Advait , Noack Julia , Hubert Mathieu , Roesch Ferdinand , Vallet Thomas , Meyer Björn , White Kris M. , Miorin Lisa , Rosenberg Oren S. , Verba Kliment A , Agard David , Ott Melanie , Emerman Michael , Ruggero Davide , García-Sastre Adolfo , Jura Natalia , von Zastrow Mark , Taunton Jack , Ashworth Alan , Schwartz Olivier , Vignuzzi Marco , d’Enfert Christophe , Mukherjee Shaeri , Jacobson Matt , Malik Harmit S. , Fujimori Danica G. , Ideker Trey , Craik Charles S. , Floor Stephen , Fraser James S. , Gross John , Sali Andrej , Kortemme Tanja , Beltrao Pedro , Shokat Kevan , Shoichet Brian K. , Krogan Nevan J. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTAn outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 respiratory disease, has infected over 290,000 people since the end of 2019, killed over 12,000, and caused worldwide social and economic disruption1,2. There are currently no antiviral drugs with proven efficacy nor are there vaccines for its prevention. Unfortunately, the scientific community has little knowledge of the molecular details of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To illuminate this, we cloned, tagged and expressed 26 of the 29 viral proteins in human cells and identified the human proteins physically associated with each using affinity-purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS), which identified 332 high confidence SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Among these, we identify 67 druggable human proteins or host factors targeted by 69 existing FDA-approved drugs, drugs in clinical trials and/or preclinical compounds, that we are currently evaluating for efficacy in live SARS-CoV-2 infection assays. The identification of host dependency factors mediating virus infection may provide key insights into effective molecular targets for developing broadly acting antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 and other deadly coronavirus strains.
Structural recognition of spectinomycin by resistance enzyme ANT(9) fromEnterococcus faecalis
Authors: Sandesh Kanchugal P , Selmer Maria 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpectinomycin is a ribosome-binding antibiotic that blocks the translocation step of translation. A prevalent resistance mechanism is the modification of the drug by aminoglycoside nucleotidyl transferase (ANT) enzymes of the spectinomycin-specific ANT(9) family or by the dual-specificity ANT(3”)(9) family that also acts on streptomycin. We previously reported the structural mechanism of streptomycin modification by the ANT(3”)(9) AadA fromSalmonella enterica. ANT(9) fromEnterococcus faecalisadenylates the 9-hydroxyl of spectinomycin. We here present the first structures of spectinomycin bound to an ANT enzyme. Structures were solved for ANT(9) in apo form, in complex with ATP, spectinomycin and magnesium or in complex with only spectinomycin. ANT(9) shows similar overall structure as AadA with an N-terminal nucleotidyltransferase domain and a C-terminal α-helical domain. Spectinomycin binds close to the entrance of the interdomain cleft, while ATP is buried at the bottom. Upon drug binding, the C-terminal domain rotates by 14 degrees to close the cleft, allowing contacts of both domains with the drug. Comparison with AadA shows that spectinomycin specificity is explained by a straight α5helix and a shorter α5-α6loop that would clash with the larger streptomycin substrate. In the active site, we observe two magnesium ions, one of them in a previously un-observed position that may activate the 9-hydroxyl for deprotonation by the catalytic base Glu-86. The observed binding mode for spectinomycin suggests that also spectinamides and aminomethyl spectinomycins, recent spectinomycin analogues with expansions in position 4 of the C ring, will be subjected to modification by ANT(9) and ANT(3”)(9) enzymes.
The Maize Hairy Sheath Frayed1 (Hsf1) Mutation Alters Leaf Patterning through Increased Cytokinin Signaling
Authors: Muszynski Michael G. , Moss-Taylor Lindsay , Chudalayandi Sivanandan , Cahill James , Del Valle-Echevarria Angel R. , Alvarez-Castro Ignacio , Petefish Abby , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Krivosheev Dmitry M. , Lomin Sergey N. , Romanov Georgy A. , Thamotharan Subbiah , Dam Thao , Li Bailin , Brugière Norbert 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Leaf morphogenesis requires growth polarized along three axes—proximal-distal (P-D) axis, medial-lateral axis, and abaxial-adaxial axis. Grass leaves display a prominent P-D polarity consisting of a proximal sheath separated from the distal blade by the auricle and ligule. Although proper specification of the four segments is essential for normal morphology, our knowledge is incomplete regarding the mechanisms that influence P-D specification in monocots such as maize (Zea mays). Here, we report the identification of the gene underlying the semidominant, leaf patterning maize mutant Hairy Sheath Frayed1 (Hsf1). Hsf1 plants produce leaves with outgrowths consisting of proximal segments—sheath, auricle, and ligule—emanating from the distal blade margin. Analysis of three independent Hsf1 alleles revealed gain-of-function missense mutations in the ligand binding domain of the maize cytokinin (CK) receptor Z. mays Histidine Kinase1 (ZmHK1) gene. Biochemical analysis and structural modeling suggest the mutated residues near the CK binding pocket affect CK binding affinity. Treatment of the wild-type seedlings with exogenous CK phenocopied the Hsf1 leaf phenotypes. Results from expression and epistatic analyses indicated the Hsf1 mutant receptor appears to be hypersignaling. Our results demonstrate that hypersignaling of CK in incipient leaf primordia can reprogram developmental patterns in maize.
Retirement funding adequacy in black South African townships
Authors: Zeka Bomikazi 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study investigates the retirement funding adequacy of black South Africans and how it can be influenced by family structure, health status, financial literacy and the role of the financial planner.Design/methodology/approachA mixed sampling approach was applied to collect data from 441 black South Africans. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was undertaken and Cronbach's alphas were calculated to confirm the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument. Structural equation modeling was the main statistical procedure applied to test the hypothesised relationships in the research.FindingsMost of the respondents reside in informal urban areas or townships. The findings show a significant positive relationship between financial literacy and the retirement funding adequacy of black individuals. The study found that individuals who are concerned about the wellness of their family, health and finances are more likely to maintain their standard of living at retirement. However, the role of the financial planner, among black South Africans, does not influence their retirement funding adequacy.Practical implicationsBlack South Africans are attentive to the wellness of their family, health and finances despite the necessity to support nuclear and extended family members. Financial institutions need to consider this aspect when providing financial advice to individuals who have many financial dependents.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the limited understanding on the factors that influence the retirement funding adequacy of black South Africans and it provides recommendations on improving retirement funding adequacy.
Knowledge management in improving business process: an interpretative framework for successful implementation of AI–CRM–KM system in organizations
Authors: Chatterjee Sheshadri , Ghosh Soumya Kanti , Chaudhuri Ranjan 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) for AI-integrated CRM system for better knowledge management (KM) in organizations to improve business process.Design/methodology/approachThe factors critical for adoption of AI-integrated CRM system for efficient knowledge management are innumerable. The salient factors may be identified by several means. Methods like brainstorming and Delphi have been applied here. Sixteen CSFs have been identified. Then the interrelationship among these 16 factors, levels of their importance and the principal driving factors have been established by interpretative structural modelling (ISM) methodology.FindingsThe results show that out of 16 CSFs, leadership support, adequate fund and support of functional area leads are the most important CSFs for AI–CRM–KM integration.Practical implicationsThe results show that support of top management is essential for successful adoption of AI-integrated CRM system for better knowledge management to improve the business process.Originality/valueThis paper has taken a novel attempt to identify CSFs for AI-integrated CRM adoption for efficient knowledge management system in organizations for improvement of business process and to establish interrelationship among those CSFs with the help of ISM methodology.
Design of a power-efficient Kogge–Stone adder by exploring new OR gate in 45nm CMOS process
Authors: John Vimukth , Sam Shylu , Radha S. , Paul P. Sam , Samuel Joel 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this work is to reduce the power consumption of KSA and to improve the PDP for data path applications. In digital Very Large – Scale Integration systems, the addition of two numbers is one of the essential functions. This arithmetic function is used in the modern digital signal processors and microprocessors. The operating speed of these processors depends on the computation of the arithmetic function. The speed computation block for most of the datapath elements was adders. In this paper, the Kogge–Stone adder (KSA) is designed using XOR, AND and proposed OR gates. The proposed OR gate has less power consumption due to the less number of transistors. In arithmetic logic circuit power, delay and power delay products (PDP) are considered as the important parameters. The delays reported for the proposed OR gate are less when compared with the conventional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) OR gate and pre-existing logic styles. The proposed circuits are optimized in terms of power, delay and PDP. To analyze the performance of KSA, extensive Cadence Virtuoso simulations are used. From the simulation results based on 45 nm CMOS process, it was observed that the proposed design has obtained 688.3 nW of power consumption, 0.81 ns of delay and 0.55 fJ of PDP at 1.1 V.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a new circuit for OR gate is proposed. The KSA is designed using XOR, AND and proposed OR gates.

Findings
The proposed OR gate has less power consumption due to the less number of transistors. The delays reported for the proposed OR gate are less when compared with the conventional CMOS OR gate and pre-existing logic styles. The proposed circuits are optimized in terms of power, delay and PDP.

Originality/value
In arithmetic logic circuit power, delay and PDP are considered as the important parameters. In this paper, a new circuit for OR gate is proposed. The power consumption of the designed KSA using the proposed OR gate is very less when compared with the conventional KSA. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed KSA are improved and suitable for high speed applications.
Adaptive parameter inversion analysis method of rockfill dam based on harmony search algorithm and mixed multi-output relevance vector machine
Authors: Ma Chunhui , Yang Jie , Cheng Lin , Ran Li 
Published: March 2020

PurposeTo improve the efficiency, accuracy and adaptivity of the parameter inversion analysis method of a rockfill dam, this study aims to establish an adaptive model based on a harmony search algorithm (HS) and a mixed multi-output relevance vector machine (MMRVM).Design/methodology/approachBy introducing the mixed kernel function, the MMRVM can accurately simulate the nonlinear relationship between the material parameters and dam settlement. Therefore, the finite element method with time consumption can be replaced by the MMRVM. Because of its excellent global search capability, the HS is used to optimize the kernel parameters of the MMRVM and the material parameters of a rockfill dam.FindingsBecause the parameters of the HS and the variation range of the MMRVM parameters are relatively fixed, the HS-MMRVM can imbue the inversion analysis with adaptivity; the number of observation points required and the robustness of the HS-MMRVM are analyzed. An application example involving a concrete-faced rockfill dam shows that the HS-MMRVM exhibits high accuracy and high speed in the parameter inversion analysis of static and creep constitutive models.Practical implicationsThe applicability of the HS-MMRVM in hydraulic engineering is proved in this paper, which should further validate in inversion problems of other fields.Originality/valueAn adaptive inversion analysis model is established to avoid the parameters of traditional methods that need to be set by humans, which strongly affect the inversion analysis results. By introducing the mixed kernel function, the MMRVM can accurately simulate the nonlinear relationship between the material parameters and dam settlement. To reduce the data dimensions and verify the model’s robustness, the number of observation points required for inversion analysis and the acceptable degree of noise are determined. The confidence interval is built to monitor dam settlement and provide the foundation for dam monitoring and reservoir operation management.