bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of modelling assumptions and empirical evidence: Does parasite transmission increase nonlinearly with host density?
Authors: Hopkins Skylar R. , Fleming‐Davies Arietta E. , Belden Lisa K. , Wojdak Jeremy M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHost–parasite dynamics are impacted by the relationship between host density and parasite transmission, and thus, all epidemiological models contain a central transmission–density function. Recent theoretical work demonstrates that this central parasite transmission function might be best represented by a nonlinear continuum from one linear extreme to another: density‐dependent transmission at low host densities to density‐independent transmission at high host densities. But how often are nonlinear transmission functions used, and when are they better at describing transmission in real host–parasite systems?To quantify existing modelling practices, we systematically reviewed seven representative ecology journals, finding 262 studies containing host–parasite models that contained linear and/or nonlinear transmission functions. We also reviewed the literature to find 28 experimental and observational studies that compared multiple transmission functions in real host–parasite systems, and tallied which functions were best supported in those systems. Finally, we created a flexible model simulation tool to explore and quantify the bias in model parameter estimates that is created when using an inaccurate transmission function.We found that most experimental and observational studies reported that nonlinear transmission–density functions outperformed simple linear transmission–density functions, supporting recent theoretical work. In contrast, most studies containing host–parasite models assumed that host density was constant and/or used a single, linear transmission function to explain how transmission rates changed with density. Using the wrong linear function and/or using a linear function when the underlying transmission–density relationship is even slightly nonlinear can substantially bias model parameter estimates, as demonstrated by our simulations over a broad parameter space.Some modelling studies may be using linear functions in host–parasite systems where nonlinear functions are more appropriate. If true, these models would yield substantially biased parameter estimates. To avoid such biases that compromise ecological understanding and prediction, we recommend that future studies compare multiple transmission functions, including nonlinear options, whenever possible.
Multivariate classification of earthquake survivors with post‐traumatic stress disorder based on large‐scale brain networks
Authors: Zhu H. , Yuan M. , Qiu C. , Ren Z. , Li Y. , Wang J. , Huang X. , Lui S. , Gong Q. , Zhang W. , Zhang Y. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThe identification of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among natural disaster survivors is remarkably challenging, and there are no reliable objective signatures that can be used to assist clinical diagnosis and optimize treatment. The current study aimed to establish a neurobiological signature of PTSD from the connectivity of large‐scale brain networks and clarify the brain network mechanisms of PTSD.MethodsWe examined fifty‐seven unmedicated survivors with chronic PTSD and 59 matched trauma‐exposed healthy controls (TEHCs) using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). We extracted the node‐to‐network connectivity and obtained a feature vector with a dimensionality of 864 (108 nodes × 8 networks) to represent each subject’s functional connectivity (FC) profile. Multivariate pattern analysis with a relevance vector machine was then used to distinguish PTSD patients from TEHCs.ResultsWe achieved a promising diagnostic accuracy of 89.2% in distinguishing PTSD patients from TEHCs. The most heavily weighted connections for PTSD classification were among the default mode network (DMN), visual network (VIS), somatomotor network, limbic network, and dorsal attention network (DAN). The strength of the anticorrelation of FC between the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) in DMN and the VIS and DAN was associated with the severity of PTSD.ConclusionsThis study achieved relatively high accuracy in classifying PTSD patients vs. TEHCs at the individual level. This performance demonstrates that rs‐fMRI‐derived multivariate classification based on large‐scale brain networks can provide potential signatures both to facilitate clinical diagnosis and to clarify the underlying brain network mechanisms of PTSD caused by natural disasters.
Laparoscopic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for appendiceal tumors
Authors: Sommariva Antonio , Tonello Marco , De Simoni Ottavia , Barina Andrea , Riccardo Rossi Carlo , Pilati Pierluigi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe application of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in colorectal and appendix cancer at risk of peritoneal seeding is an appealing strategy to prevent peritoneal metastases. Here, we present the technical details and postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic HIPEC performed with prophylactic intent in three patients with low‐grade appendiceal neoplasm (LAMN) considered at risk of peritoneal recurrence.Materials and Surgical TechniqueThree patients with LAMN previously treated outside our department were selected for second‐look laparoscopic exploration and HIPEC. The study received institutional review board approval. A Hasson trocar was inserted around the umbilicus. Four additional 10‐mm trocars were inserted—one each in the left and right upper and lower quadrants. After full abdominal exploration, laparoscopic cytoreductive surgery was performed. Perfusion catheters were inserted through the four lateral trocars in the abdominal quadrants. HIPEC was performed with mitomycin 12 mg/m2 and cisplatin 90 mg/m2 for 60 minutes at a target temperature of 41.0°C. The postoperative course was uneventful, except for an episode of fluid leak due to dural tear (treated with supine bed rest for 48 hours and resulting in no adverse sequelae). The median length of hospital stay was 11 days. After a median follow‐up of 36 months, all patients were asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrence.DiscussionLaparoscopic HIPEC for LAMN at risk of peritoneal recurrence appeared to be feasible, safe, and associated with a favorable postoperative outcome. More studies with larger samples of patients and with a standardized design are needed to better analyze the oncological value of this approach.
The role of recalling previous errors in middle‐school children's learning
Authors: Loehr Abbey M. , Fazio Lisa K. , Rittle‐Johnson Bethany 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundCommitting errors is a common part of the learning process, and adults are more likely to correct errors that they can recall. However, preadolescent children's recall of previous errors (i.e., memory for errors) may be limited.AimsWe examined children's ability to recall their past errors and tested whether recalling an error aids error correction.SamplesWe worked with 102 (Study 1) and 173 (Study 2) middle‐school children in the United States.MethodsIn Study 1, children studied and were tested on their memory for math definitions. After reviewing the correct answers, children recalled their initial test answers and then took a final test. Reminders of past errors were provided for some children in Study 2. In two other conditions, children either recalled their past errors or studied the correct answers only.ResultsChildren's recall of their past errors was poor, and errors that were recalled were no more likely to be corrected than errors that were not recalled. Across children, there was a positive association between memory for errors and error correction even after controlling for covariates. Being reminded of past errors and recalling past errors reduced error correction relative to studying the correct answers only.ConclusionsPreadolescents' memory for errors is very limited, their ability to recall past errors predicts error correction overall, and recalling an error or being reminded of an error does not facilitate error correction.
The prevalence and significance of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in acute medical admissions
Authors: Atkin Catherine , Reddy‐Kolanu Vinay , Drayson Mark T. , Sapey Elizabeth , Richter Alex G. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) affects 3·2% of adults aged >50 years. MGUS carries a life‐long risk of progression to multiple myeloma and causes complications including infection and renal impairment; common causes of hospital admission. This study aimed to assess MGUS prevalence in emergency medical hospital admissions. Patients were recruited from unselected emergency medical admissions in a hospital in the United Kingdom. Serum protein electrophoresis was performed, with immunofixation of abnormal results. Reason for admission and routine test results were recorded. After education about MGUS and myeloma, patients chose whether they wished to be informed of new diagnoses. A total of 660 patients were tested and 35 had a paraprotein suggestive of MGUS. The overall rate of MGUS was 5·3%. MGUS prevalence in those aged >50 years was 6·94%, higher than the previously published rate of 3·2% (P < 0·0005). There were higher rates in those with chronic kidney disease (13·75% vs. 4·14%, P = 0·002), heart failure (14% vs. 4·59%, P = 0·012), anaemia (8·96% vs. 3·41%, P = 0·003) or leucocytosis (9·33% vs. 3·04%, P = 0·002). In all, 96% of patients wished to be informed of their screening results. The prevalence of MGUS in emergency hospital admissions is higher than expected based on previous population‐based rates. This may suggest a selected population for screening.
Occupational mobility and the returns to training
Authors: Kambourov Gueorgui , Manovskii Iourii , Plesca Miana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe literature on the returns to training has pointed out that, immediately following a training episode, wages of participants in employer‐sponsored training increase substantially while wages of participants in government‐sponsored training hardly change. We argue that there is a potential selection issue—most of the government‐sponsored trainees are occupation switchers while most participants in employer‐sponsored training are occupation stayers. An occupational switch involves a substantial destruction of human capital, and once we account for the associated decline in wages, we find a large positive impact of both employer‐ and government‐sponsored training on workers’ human capital.
Epithelial V‐like antigen 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis via the ERBB‐PI3K‐AKT pathway
Authors: Ni QianZhi , Chen Zhenhua , Zheng Qianwen , Xie Dong , Li Jing‐Jing , Cheng Shuqun , Ma Xingyuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe role of epithelial V‐like antigen 1 (EVA1) has been well studied in thymic development and homostasis; however, its putative relationship with cancer remains largely unknown. Therefore, here we investigated the role of EVA1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Interestingly, EVA1 expression was significantly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and was also associated with a poor prognosis and recurrence in HCC patients. Overexpression of EVA1 promoted cell growth, invasion and migration in vitro. Consistently, knockdown of EVA1 expression inhibited proliferation and migration in vitro, while repressing metastasis of HCC cells in vivo. RNA‐seq analysis indicated that EVA1 is able to upregulate the expression of genes in the ERBB3‐PI3K pathway. Accordingly, an increased level of AKT phosphorylation was detected in HCC cells after EVA1 overexpression. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, inhibited AKT phosphorylation and rescued the tumor‐promoting effect of EVA1 overexpression. Altogether, the present study has revealed the oncogenic role of EVA1 during HCC progression and metastasis through the ERBB‐PI3K‐AKT signaling pathway, reiterating the potential use of EVA1 as a therapeutic target and/or prognostic marker for HCC.
Report of the first patient with a homozygous OTUD7A variant responsible for epileptic encephalopathy and related proteasome dysfunction
Authors: Garret Philippine , Ebstein Frédéric , Delplancq Geoffroy , Dozieres‐Puyravel Blandine , Boughalem Aïcha , Auvin Stéphane , Duffourd Yannis , Klafack Sandro , Zieba Barbara A. , Mahmoudi Sana , Singh Karun K. , Duplomb Laurence , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Costa Jean‐Marc , Krüger Elke , Trost Detlef , Verloes Alain , Faivre Laurence , Vitobello Antonio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHeterozygous microdeletions of chromosome 15q13.3 (MIM: 612001) show incomplete penetrance and are associated with a highly variable phenotype that may include intellectual disability, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism and digit anomalies. Rare patients carrying homozygous deletions show more severe phenotypes including epileptic encephalopathy, hypotonia and poor growth. For years, CHRNA7 (MIM: 118511), was considered the candidate gene that could account for this syndrome. However, recent studies in mouse models have shown that OTUD7A/CEZANNE2 (MIM: 612024), which encodes for an ovarian tumor (OTU) deubiquitinase, should be considered the critical gene responsible for brain dysfunction. In this study, a patient presenting with severe global developmental delay, language impairment and epileptic encephalopathy was referred to our genetics center. Trio exome sequencing (tES) analysis identified a homozygous OTUD7A missense variant (NM_130901.2:c.697C>T), predicted to alter an ultraconserved amino acid, p.(Leu233Phe), lying within the OTU catalytic domain. Its subsequent segregation analysis revealed that the parents, presenting with learning disability, and brother were heterozygous carriers. Biochemical assays demonstrated that proteasome complex formation and function were significantly reduced in patient‐derived fibroblasts and in OTUD7A knockout HAP1 cell line. We provide evidence that biallelic pathogenic OTUD7A variation is linked to early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy and proteasome dysfunction.
Prolonged extracorporeal preservation and evaluation of human lungs with portable normothermic ex vivo perfusion
Authors: Spratt John R. , Mattison Lars M. , Kerns Natalie K. , Huddleston Stephen J. , Meyer Linette , Iles Tinen L. , Loor Gabriel , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany lung donor offers are refused despite increasing demand. Portable normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) could increase donor yield by monitoring and reconditioning extended criteria donor (ECD) lungs. We report its use in human lungs declined for clinical transplantation. Ten sets of such lungs were procured from brain‐dead donors and underwent 24 hours of normothermic EVLP using a perfusate based on donor whole blood. Hemodynamic and ventilatory data and P:F ratios were measured. Advanced donor age and borderline oxygenation (donor mean P:F 228 ± 73) were the most commonly cited reasons for refusal for transplantation. There was no significant worsening of pulmonary hemodynamics or compliance or significant P:F decline during preservation in the overall cohort. Mean P:F ratio in the overall cohort was 315 ± 88 mm Hg after 24 hours EVLP. At EVLP termination 5/10 lung blocks met standard EVLP thresholds for acceptability for transplant. Eventual EVLP performance was poorly predicted by donor P:F ratio but well predicted by data gathered early in EVLP. Portable normothermic EVLP is useful for transportation, monitoring, and reconditioning of ECD lungs. Early EVLP measurements are more effective than preprocurement donor P:F in predicting eventual allograft performance. We advocate an aggressive strategy of evaluation of ECD lungs using blood‐based EVLP.
Marine epibenthic functional diversity on Flemish Cap (north‐west Atlantic)—Identifying trait responses to the environment and mapping ecosystem functions
Authors: Murillo Francisco Javier , Weigel Benjamin , Bouchard Marmen Marieve , Kenchington Ellen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo characterize the functional diversity and selected ecological functions of marine epibenthic invertebrate communities at the ecosystem scale and to evaluate the relative contributions of environmental filtering, including bottom‐contact fishing, and competitive interactions to benthic community assembly.LocationFlemish Cap, an ecosystem production unit and fishing bank in the high seas of the north‐west Atlantic Ocean.MethodsThrough the use of Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC), we have explored seven community response traits to the environment applied to 105 epibenthic species and evaluated the influence of such traits on the community assembly processes. Assumed bioturbation, nutrient cycling and habitat provision functions, linked to individual or a combination of biological traits, were mapped using random forest modelling.ResultsFunctional richness within benthic communities reached an asymptote for trawl sets with roughly more than 30 species. Assemblages on top of the Flemish Cap (<500 m depth) were characterized by higher biomass of small‐ and medium‐sized species with short life spans, whereas large species with longer life spans and broadcast spawners were dominant in the deeper assemblages (500–1,500 m depth). The amount of variation explained by the species’ responses to the covariates mediated by the traits was relatively high (25%) indicating their relevance to community assembly. Community‐weighted mean trait values changed with depth and physical oceanographic variables, indicating that environmental filtering was occurring. Interspecific interactions, as inferred from the random effect at the sample level, accounted for 16.3% of the variance in the model, while fishing effort explained only 5.2% of the variance but conferred strong negative impacts for most species.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that while bottom‐contact fishing impacts have an effect on functional diversity, changes to the physical oceanography of the system are likely to have more profound impacts. The maps of benthic functioning can aid assessments of ecosystem impacts of fishing.
Pollution control can help mitigate future climate change impact on European grayling in the UK
Authors: Huml J. Vanessa , Harris W. Edwin , Taylor Martin I. , Sen Robin , Prudhomme Christel , Ellis Jonathan S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimWe compare the performance of habitat suitability models using climate data only or climate data together with water chemistry, land cover and predation pressure data to model the distribution of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus). From these models, we (a) investigate the relationship between habitat suitability and genetic diversity; (b) project the distribution of grayling under future climate change; and (c) model the effects of habitat mitigation on future distributions.LocationUnited Kingdom.MethodsMaxent species distribution modelling was implemented using a Simple model (only climate parameters) or a Full model (climate, water chemistry, land use and predation pressure parameters). Areas of high and low habitat suitability were designated. Associations between habitat suitability and genetic diversity for both neutral and adaptive markers were examined. Distribution under minimal and maximal future climate change scenarios was modelled for 2050, incorporating projections of future flow scenarios obtained from the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. To examine potential mitigation effects within habitats, models were run with manipulation of orthophosphate, nitrite and copper concentrations.ResultsWe mapped suitable habitat for grayling in the present and the future. The Full model achieved substantially higher discriminative power than the Simple model. For low suitability habitat, higher levels of inbreeding were observed for adaptive, but not neutral, loci. Future projections predict a significant contraction of highly suitable areas. Under habitat mitigation, modelling suggests that recovery of suitable habitat of up to 10% is possible.Main conclusionsExtending the climate‐only model improves estimates of habitat suitability. Significantly higher inbreeding coefficients were found at immune genes, but not neutral markers in low suitability habitat, indicating a possible impact of environmental stress on evolutionary potential. The potential for habitat mitigation to alleviate distributional changes under future climate change is demonstrated, and specific recommendations are made for habitat recovery on a regional basis.
Diagnostic algorithm of magnifying endoscopy with crystal violet staining for non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors
Authors: Toya Yosuke , Endo Masaki , Oizumi Tomofumi , Akasaka Risaburo , Yanai Shunichi , Kawasaki Keisuke , Nakamura Shotaro , Eizuka Makoto , Fujita Yasuko , Uesugi Noriyuki , Ishida Kazuyuki , Sugai Tamotsu , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesLittle is known about the usefulness of magnifying endoscopy with crystal violet staining (ME‐CV) for the diagnosis of duodenal tumors. We assessed the ability of ME‐CV to distinguish Vienna classification (VCL) category 4/5 (C4/5) from category 3 (C3) non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (NADETs).MethodsA total of 76 NADETs were studied. We retrospectively analyzed the diagnostic values of the white light endoscopy (WLE) scoring system and the ME‐CV algorithm with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and three endoscopists calculated the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the area under the curve (AUC) of each. The diagnostic values were tested among NADETs overall and among subgroups of tumors with gastric, gastrointestinal or intestinal mucin phenotypes. Inter‐observer agreement of the diagnostic results was also calculated.ResultsAccording to the VCL, 54 lesions (71.1%) were regarded as C3 and 22 lesions (28.9%) as C4/5. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and AUC of ME‐CV were higher than those of the WLE scoring system (63.6 vs 54.5, 85.2 vs 75.9, 78.9 vs 69.7, 0.744 vs 0.652, respectively). Inter‐observer agreements of the WLE scoring system and ME‐CV were both moderate (kappa 0.45 and 0.41). ME‐CV had higher sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and AUC than those of the WLE scoring system among the gastric and intestinal phenotypes of NADETs.ConclusionsME‐CV is appropriate for the diagnosis of C4/5 and C3 NADETs.