bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Risk Factors for the Development of Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (Ogilvie Syndrome) in Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Hsiue Peter P. , Greig Danielle , Chen Clark J. , Patel Bobby , Trikha Rishi , Rowan Fiachra E. , Khoshbin Amir , Stavrakis Alexandra I. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome [OS]) is a rare but devastating condition that can develop in orthopaedic patients postoperatively. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for developing OS after total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to compare the outcomes between patients who did and did not develop OS postoperatively.

Methods:
This was a retrospective review using the National Inpatient Sample, a national database incorporating inpatient hospitalization information. ICD-9 codes were used to identify patients who underwent primary and revision THA or TKA. Patients were separated based on the diagnosis of OS. Primary outcomes assessed included patient mortality, postoperative complications, length of stay, and cost during index hospitalization.

Results:
From 2001 to 2014, a total of 12,541,169 patients underwent primary and revision THA or TKA. Of those, 3,182 patients (0.03%) developed OS postoperatively. There was an increased incidence of OS in revision THA and TKA compared with primary THA and TKA. Fluid and electrolyte disorders were associated with the largest increased adjusted risk of OS. Patients with OS had an increased adjusted risk of overall postoperative complications and being discharged to skilled nursing facility. Patients with OS had an increased average length of stay and hospitalization cost compared with patients without OS.

Discussion:
Given our findings, the risk factors for the development of OS, including revision surgery, should be identified and minimized during the perioperative period to prevent the development of this morbid and potentially life-threatening complication.

Level of Evidence:
III (Retrospective cohort study).
Comparison of the effects of intraoperative morphine, fentanyl or paracetamol administration on postoperative pain level and analgesic consumption in patients with synchronous intraoprative remifentanil infusion
Authors: AKYOL BEYOGLU Cigdem , YENTUR Ercument 
Published: June 2020

Objective: We aimed to compare the effects of morphine, fentanyl or paracetamol applied for anesthesia induction and at the end of
the surgery for postoperative pain control and analgesic consumption in patients who have undergone pelvic and lower abdominal
surgery.
Material and Methods: Patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score I-II and aged between 18-70 years were
given intravenous remifentanil intraoperatively. Fentanyl was administered in doses of 1.5 mcg / kg during anesthesia induction and
10 min before the end of the surgery. In fentanyl group, morphine was administered in doses of 0.1 mg / kg during induction and 0.5
mg/kg 30 min before the end of the surgery and paracetamol was administered in doses of 10 mg/kg during induction and 5 mg/kg
30 min before the end of the surgery. Morphine was administered for patient-controlled analgesia.
Results: The mean verbal pain scores of the paracetamol group were significantly higher when compared to the pain scores of the
other groups at the 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours (p
Hoe de onvrede over het schuldhulpstelsel ontstond
Authors: Jungmann Nadja 
Published: June 2020

On the urgency of dealing with debt problems in the Netherlands
In the Netherlands a large number of households is overindebted. Despite the economic prosperity, 20% of the households has to deal with large debts. Dissatisfaction with the position of debtors has grown in recent years. Numerous initiatives are being launched to improve their position. New legislation is provided for and municipalities are starting up all kinds of pilots. There is momentum for improvement. It is important that all initiatives are coordinated. In addition, it is also important to investigate what the legislation and initiatives yield.
A high-resolution growth series ofTyrannosaurus rexobtained from multiple lines of evidence
Authors: Carr Thomas D. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundDuring the growth of complex multicellular organisms, chronological age, size and morphology change together in a hierarchical and coordinated pattern. Among extinct species, the growth ofTyrannosaurus rexhas received repeated attention through quantitative analyses of relative maturity and chronological age. Its growth series shows an extreme transformation from shallow skulls in juveniles to deep skulls in adults along with a reduction in tooth count, and its growth curve shows thatT. rexhad a high growth rate in contrast to its closest relatives. However, separately, these sets of data provide an incomplete picture of the congruence between age, size, and relative maturity in this exemplar species. The goal of this work is to analyze these data sets together using cladistic analysis to produce a single hypothesis of growth that includes all of the relevant data.MethodsThe three axes of growth were analyzed together using cladistic analysis, based on a data set of 1,850 morphological characters and 44 specimens. The analysis was run in TNT v.1.5 under a New Technology search followed by a Traditional search. Correlation tests were run in IBM SPSS Statistics v. 24.0.0.0.ResultsAn initial analysis that included all of the specimens recovered 50 multiple most parsimonious ontograms a series of analyses identified 13 wildcard specimens. An analysis run without the wildcard specimens recovered a single most parsimonious tree (i.e., ontogram) of 3,053 steps. The ontogram is composed of 21 growth stages, and all but the first and third are supported by unambiguously optimized synontomorphies.T. rexontogeny can be divided into five discrete growth categories that are diagnosed by chronological age, morphology, and, in part, size (uninformative among adults). The topology shows that the transition from shallow to deep skull shape occurred between 13 and 15 years of age, and the size of the immediate relatives ofT. rexwas exceeded between its 15th and 18th years. Although size and maturity are congruent among juveniles and subadults, congruence is not seen among adults; for example, one of the least mature adults (RSM 2523.8) is also the largest and most massive example of the species. The extreme number of changes at the transition between juveniles and subadults shows that the ontogeny ofT. rexexhibits secondary metamorphosis, analogous to the abrupt ontogenetic changes that are seen at sexual maturity among teleosts. These results provide a point of comparison for testing the congruence between maturity and chronological age, size, and mass, as well as integrating previous work on functional morphology into a rigorous ontogenetic framework. Comparison of the growth series ofT. rexwith those of outgroup taxa clarifies the ontogenetic trends that were inherited from the common ancestor of Archosauriformes.
Factors Favoring Non-compliance of Treatment to People Living with HIV/AIDS in General Reference Hospital of Gbadolite, Nord Ubangi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Seraphin Kohowe Pagerezo , Bongo Gédéon Ngiala , Guy Kumbali Ngambika , Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa 
Published: June 2020

Background: ART is one of the important pillars of the fight against AIDS. It restores immunity and reduces the risk of death. Its success lies in its strict compliance while its non-compliance exposes to the risk of resistance and therapeutic failure. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the non-compliance to ART of PLWHA monitored at the General Reference Hospital of Gbadolite.
Methodology: It was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted between December 2017 and January 2018. The compliance was measured from patient reports and by counting the number of tablets remaining from the current month of the survey. Any PLWHA who failed to take their medication at most 2 times during the month preceding the survey or whose number of remaining tablets was greater than the expected number based on the month's consumption was considered non-compliant. In total, 208 participants were selected based on the established selection criteria and several factors which led to the non-compliance of the treatment.
Chi-square and logistic regression were used to determine the associations between factors and the non-compliance. All tests were performed at the threshold of ɑ=0.05.
Results: In fact, 280 PLWHA had participated in the survey. The mean age was 38.7± 7.2 years while the prevalence was 51.1%. Following gender, female accounted as non-compliant (65.7%) than male The main reasons for the non-compliance to treatment were as follows: the order of frequency, medication breakdown, lack of food, forgetting, side effects, travel and fasting. Factors associated with the non-compliance were loneliness in marital status (p=0.000; OR=18.6, CI (8.926 - 38.574)), revival church religion (p=0.002; OR=9.2; CI (2.245 - 37.449)), low level of knowledge of ART principles (p=0.005; OR=1.4; CI (1.169 - 2.735)) and lack of knowledge of ART duration (p=0.021; OR=1.7 and CI (1.020 - 2.829)).
Conclusion: The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the non-compliance of ART. The factors found in this work were those that had been found at different levels of association by many authors in previous work, namely marital status, religion, low level of knowledge about ART and lack of knowledge of duration of ART.
Switchable Cavitation in Silicone Coatings for Energy‐Saving Cooling and Heating
Authors: Zhao Huaixia , Sun Qiangqiang , Zhou Ji , Deng Xu , Cui Jiaxi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpace cooling and heating currently result in huge amounts of energy consumption and various environmental problems. Herein, a switching strategy is described for efficient energy‐saving cooling and heating based on the dynamic cavitation of silicone coatings that can be reversibly and continuously tuned from a highly porous state to a transparent solid. In the porous state, the coatings can achieve efficient solar reflection (93%) and long‐wave infrared emission (94%) to induce a subambient temperature drop of about 5 °C in hot weather (≈35 °C). In the transparent solid state, the coatings allow active sunlight permeation (95%) to induce solar heating to raise the ambient temperature from 10 to 28 °C in cold weather. The coatings are made from commercially available, cheap materials via a facile, environmentally friendly method, and are durable, reversible, and patternable. They can be applied immediately to various existed objects including rigid substrates.
Recent Advances of Applying Boron‐Reagents in Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Natural Products and Bio‐Active Molecules
Authors: Kalita Subarna Jyoti , Cheng Feng , Huang Yi‐Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBoron‐reagents are very useful tools in synthetic organic chemistry and have been extensively explored in the asymmetric methodology development. The past decade has witnessed an upsurge of interest in exploring their application in the asymmetric total synthesis. Several synthetic strategies, such as the transmetalation strategy, the boronate ligand exchange strategy, the Lewis base and Brønsted acid activation strategies, and the lithiation‐borylation strategy, offered very powerful platforms for the development of innovative synthetic routes for asymmetric total synthesis. This review highlights the progress (2007–2019) of the application of these synthetic strategies in the asymmetric total synthesis of natural products, and of biologically and medicinally relevant molecules.magnified image
Distinctly Diverse PLQY and Inverse Solid‐State Luminescent Properties in Structure‐Similar Diphenyl Sulfone TADF Molecules: A Role of C─C
Authors: Shi Yu‐Hao , Wang Fei , Sui Ming‐Yue , Sun Guang‐Yan , Xie Yu‐Zhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials can greatly increase internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) beyond the spin statistical bottleneck of 25%. However, the mechanisms behind TADF and solid‐state luminescence are not clear. Recently, two diphenyl sulfone TADF molecules with quite similar structures, A1‐D1 and A2‐D1, have been observed to demonstrate distinctly diverse photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and inverse solid‐state luminescent properties. In order to understand the origin of this phenomenon, the TADF mechanism of both molecules is studied using density function theory. The results show that strong spin–orbit coupling, low minimum energy cross point, dense triplet energy level distribution, and a mediate locally excited triplet state (3LE) can facilitate the rapidly reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process in A1‐D1. Moreover, the solid states of both molecules are characterized via the combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method. It is attributed to the compact intermolecular stacking; the nonradiative consumption of A2‐D1 is suppressed substantially by the restricted intermolecular rotation (RIR) effect. Therefore, A2‐D1 with low PLQY can exhibit an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) phenomenon in neat films. This work may benefit the rational design of nondoped OLEDs.
A Highly Elastic and Fatigue‐Resistant Natural Protein‐Reinforced Hydrogel Electrolyte for Reversible‐Compressible Quasi‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Nan Jingya , Zhang Gaitong , Zhu Tianyu , Wang Zhongkai , Wang Lijun , Wang Hongsheng , Chu Fuxiang , Wang Chunpeng , Tang Chuanbing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCompressible solid‐state supercapacitors are emerging as promising power sources for next‐generation flexible electronics with enhanced safety and mechanical integrity. Highly elastic and compressible solid electrolytes are in great demand to achieve reversible compressibility and excellent capacitive stability of these supercapacitor devices. Here, a lithium ion‐conducting hydrogel electrolyte by integrating natural protein nanoparticles into polyacrylamide network is reported. Due to the synergistic effect of natural protein nanoparticles and polyacrylamide chains, the obtained hydrogel shows remarkable elasticity, high compressibility, and fatigue resistance properties. More significantly, the supercapacitor device based on this hydrogel electrolyte exhibits reversible compressibility under multiple cyclic compressions, working well under 80% strain for 1000 compression cycles without sacrificing its capacitive performance. This work offers a promising approach for compressible supercapacitors.
Direct Visualization of the Interfacial Degradation of Cathode Coatings in Solid State Batteries: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Qian , Tian Yaosen , Xiao Yihan , Miara Lincoln J. , Aihara Yuichi , Tsujimura Tomoyuki , Shi Tan , Scott M. C. , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe interfacial instability between a thiophosphate solid electrolyte and oxide cathodes results in rapid capacity fade and has driven the need for cathode coatings. In this work, the stability, evolution, and performance of uncoated, Li2ZrO3‐coated, and Li3B11O18‐coated LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathodes are compared using first‐principles computations and electron microscopy characterization. Li3B11O18 is identified as a superior coating that exhibits excellent oxidation/chemical stability, leading to substantially improved performance over cells with Li2ZrO3‐coated or uncoated cathodes. The chemical and structural origin of the different performance is interpreted using different microscopy techniques which enable the direct observation of the phase decomposition of the Li2ZrO3 coating. It is observed that Li is already extracted from the Li2ZrO3 in the first charge, leading to the formation of ZrO2 nanocrystallites with loss of protection of the cathode. After 50 cycles separated (Co, Ni)‐sulfides and Mn‐sulfides can be observed within the Li2ZrO3‐coated material. This work illustrates the severity of the interfacial reactions between a thiophosphate electrolyte and oxide cathode and shows the importance of using coating materials that are absolutely stable at high voltage.
Ultralow Ru Loading Transition Metal Phosphides as High‐Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for a Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Generation System
Authors: Chen Ding , Pu Zonghua , Lu Ruihu , Ji Pengxia , Wang Pengyan , Zhu Jiawei , Lin Can , Li Hai‐Wen , Zhou Xiangang , Hu Zhiyi , Xia Fanjie , Wu Jingsong , Mu Shichun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWater splitting is a promising technology for sustainable conversion of hydrogen energy. The rational design of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) bifunctional electrocatalysts with superior activity and stability in the same electrolyte is the key to promoting their large‐scale applications. Herein, an ultralow Ru (1.08 wt%) transition metal phosphide on nickel foam (Ru–MnFeP/NF) derived from Prussian blue analogue, that effectively drivies both the OER and the HER in 1 m KOH, is reported. To reach 20 mA cm−2 for OER and 10 mA cm−2 for HER, the Ru–MnFeP/NF electrode only requires overpotentials of 191 and 35 mV, respectively. Such high electrocatalytic activity exceeds most transition metal phosphides for the OER and the HER, and even reaches Pt‐like HER electrocatalytic levels. Accordingly, it significantly accelerates full water splitting at 10 mA cm−2 with 1.470 V, which outperforms that of the integrated RuO2 and Pt/C couple electrode (1.560 V). In addition, the extremely long operational stability (50 h) and the successful demonstration of a solar‐to‐hydrogen generation system through full water splitting provide more flexibility for large‐scale applications of Ru–MnFeP/NF catalysts.
Droplets generation under different flow rates in T‐junction microchannel with a neck
Authors: Pang Yan , Zhou Qiang , Wang Xiang , Lei Yanghao , Ren Yanlin , Li Mengqi , Wang Ju , Liu Zhaomiao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe 2D top view of the droplet formation in microfluidic T‐junction devices with a neck is recorded to estimate the droplet volume under different flow conditions. The channel with a neck at the T‐junction, to provide a narrow structure, is proposed but has not been analyzed as the normal T‐junction. The droplet generation process is separated into two stages, including the filling stage and the squeezing stage, to develop a droplet size predictive model based on the continuity of both liquids. In a wide range of flow conditions for multiphase microfluidics, this study validates and physically explains the model by analyzing the generation of droplets and coefficients of the model. Results of this study can help to design droplet microfluidic devices, where it is requisite to know the relation between flow conditions and the droplet size.
Mimicking colorectal cancer due to an intrauterine device
Authors: Shen Chun‐Sheng , Hsieh Meng‐Shu , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Wu Jeng‐Yih 
Published: June 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) ranked as the third of the top 10 cancers worldwide. Although the diagnostic suspicion of CRC in clinical practice can be increased by the introduction of image‐enhanced endoscopy such as narrow‐band imaging, its diagnosis is still based on the colonoscopic biopsy and pathologic confirmation. Repeated biopsy is necessary in highly suspicious case of CRC with initial negative pathology. We reported a 56‐year‐old woman suffering from bowel habit change, tenesmus, and hematochezia for 3 months. Colonoscopy revealed a lateral spreading nongranular‐type ulcerative mass lesion at rectum that masqueraded a CRC. No malignant cell but inflammatory cells and granulation tissue were found at initial pathologic report. Repeated biopsy was done and disclosed a thin and long white plastic tube buried in sub‐epithelium. Eventually, a T‐shape intrauterine device was fully retrieved. Based on literature review, 24 case reports of intrauterine device penetrating into the colon were identified after the first reported case in 1981. The incidence of uterine penetration is affected by the intrauterine device type, timing of insertion related to pregnancy termination, position of the uterus, insertion technique, and experience of the operator. In summary, we presented the first case report of intrauterine device incarcerated into the colon manifesting as bowel habit changes, tenesmus, and hematochezia in Taiwan.
Rare sex chromosome variation 48,XXYY: An integrative review
Authors: Blumling Amy A. , Martyn Kristy , Talboy Amy , Close Sharron 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile the most common Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy (SCA) is 47,XXY, other variations, such as 48,XXYY, are less studied, perhaps due to its rarity. 48,XXYY occurs with an estimated prevalence of 1:18,000–40,000 male births. This SCA is associated with a variety of complex physical, psychological, and neuroanatomical findings. The purpose of this integrative review is to summarize the available evidence related to 48,XXYY and identify gaps in the literature. This study utilized integrative review and PRISMA‐guided methodology to search six databases for information pertaining to 48,XXYY. There were no exclusion criteria related to design methodology, given the paucity of available research. Among 397 articles reviewed for potential inclusion, 30 articles remained after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Seven of these articles concentrated solely on participants with 48,XXYY. Literature was summarized into categories of physical phenotype, psychosocial, behavioral, neurocognitive, and brain function. Clinical description of 48,XXYY has evolved over time to develop a deeper understanding of this complex disorder. Large gaps remain, especially a lack of experimental studies, clinical guidelines, and treatments. Additionally, few studies explore methodologies such as interviews or self‐report surveys in this population. 48,XXYY presents with a wide spectrum of physical, psychological, and neurocognitive symptoms, and frequently requires complex interdisciplinary care. In order to better understand this disorder and to appropriately treat the individuals affected by it, future research should focus on experimental studies and research that utilizes a variety of methods, including participant interviews and patient‐report surveys.
Realizing Complete Solid‐Solution Reaction in High Sodium Content P2‐Type Cathode for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jin Ting , Wang Peng‐Fei , Wang Qin‐Chao , Zhu Kunjie , Deng Tao , Zhang Jiaxun , Zhang Wei , Yang Xiao‐Qing , Jiao Lifang , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractP2‐type layered oxides suffer from an ordered Na+/vacancy arrangement and P2→O2/OP4 phase transitions, leading them to exhibit multiple voltage plateaus upon Na+ extraction/insertion. The deficient sodium in the P2‐type cathode easily induces the bad structural stability at deep desodiation states and limited reversible capacity during Na+ de/insertion. These drawbacks cause poor rate capability and fast capacity decay in most P2‐type layered oxides. To address these challenges, a novel high sodium content (0.85) and plateau‐free P2‐type cathode‐Na0.85Li0.12Ni0.22Mn0.66O2 (P2‐NLNMO) was developed. The complete solid‐solution reaction over a wide voltage range ensures both fast Na+ mobility (10−11 to 10−10 cm2 s−1) and small volume variation (1.7 %). The high sodium content P2‐NLNMO exhibits a higher reversible capacity of 123.4 mA h g−1, superior rate capability of 79.3 mA h g−1 at 20 C, and 85.4 % capacity retention after 500 cycles at 5 C. The sufficient Na and complete solid‐solution reaction are critical to realizing high‐performance P2‐type cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries.