bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small bowel volvulus (SBV) in Northcentral Ethiopia
Authors: Awedew Atalel Fentahun , Belay Woldemariam Beka , Amsalu Bedemariam Tadesse , Yalewu Dawit Zerihun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Small bowel volvulus (SBV) is a benign gastrointestinal surgical condition in which there is a torsion of all or parts of a segment of small bowel on its mesenteric axis. It has been contributed significant burden of surgical emergency as cause of small bowel obstruction in developing countries. The main objective this study was to explore clinical and epidemiological profile of Small bowel volvulus in Northcentral Ethiopia Method: The study was conducted at Debre Tabor General Hospital, South Gondar in Northcentral Ethiopia. The medical records of patients with a discharge diagnosis of small bowel volvulus were reviewed. The patients were seen for a 4-year period from Jan1, 2016-Dec31, 2019. The study was hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional and data were collected with a standardized structure questioner tool. The collected data checked for any inconsistency, code, and enter SPSS version 23 for data processing and analysis. Descriptive analyses were represented as frequency, percent, mean ± standard deviation for normal distribution, and Median ± Interquartile range for skewed data. Cross tabulation analysis was done for risk factors contributed for mortality and morbidity of SBV.Result: There were 148 patients with Small bowel volvulus as a cause of small bowel obstruction was admitted within four years. The annual occurrence rate was 35cases per year. It represented 59% of small bowel obstruction and 36.3% of bowel obstruction. The majority were males (N=125, 84.5%) and females were (N=23, 15.5%). The age ranged from 15-78 years. The mean age was 41.14±(SD=15.4) .The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain 98% and vomiting 91.2%. The median time of hospital stay was 5 days (± IQR=2).The mean duration of illness before hospital admission was 2 days (± SD=1.4) and median was 1 day (± IQR=2). The morbidity rate was 5.4% (N=8) and the mortality rate was 3.4 %( N=5) Conclusion: Annual occurrence of SBV was 37 cases per year. The prevalence of SBV was 59% of small bowel obstruction and 36.3% of bowel obstruction respectively.
Graphene-modified CePO4 nanorods effectively treat breast cancer-induced bone metastases and regulate macrophage polarization to improve osteo-inductive ability
Authors: Ge Yuwei , Liu Xiao-Liang , Yu De-gang , Zhu Zhen-An , Ke Qin-Fei , Mao Yuan-Qing , Guo Ya-Ping , Zhang Jing-Wei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer bone metastasis has become one of the most common complications; however, it may cause cancer recurrence and bone nonunion, as well as local bone defects. Methods: Herein, In vitro, we verified the effect of bioscaffold materials on cell proliferation and apoptosis through a CCK8 trial, staining of live/dead cells, and flow cytometry. We used immunofluorescence technology and flow cytometry to verify whether bioscaffold materials regulate macrophage polarization, and we used ALP staining, alizarin red staining and PCR to verify whether bioscaffold material promotes bone regeneration. In vivo, we once again studied the effect of bioscaffold materials on tumors by measuring tumor volume in mice, Tunel staining, and caspase-3 immunofluorescence. We also constructed a mouse skull ultimate defect model to verify the effect on bone regeneration. Results: Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, hydrated CePO4 nanorods and bioactive chitosan (CS) are combined to form a bioactive multifunctional CePO4/CS/GO scaffold, with characteristics such as photothermal therapy to kill tumors, macrophage polarization to promote blood vessel formation, and induction of bone formation. CePO4/CS/GO scaffold activates the caspase-3 proteasein local tumor cells, thereby lysing the DNA between nucleosomes and causing apoptosis. On the one hand, the as-released Ce3+ ions promote M2 polarization of macrophages, which secretes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Arginase-1 (Arg-1), which promotes angiogenesis. On the other hand, the as-released Ce3+ ions also activated the BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway which facilitated bone tissue regeneration. Conclusion: the multifunctional CePO4/CS/GO scaffolds may become a promising platform for therapy of breast cancer bone metastases.
Hepatocyte parafﬁn 1 and Arginase-1 are Effective Panel of Markers in HBV-related HCC Diagnosis in Fine-Needle Aspiration Specimens
Authors: Moudi Bita , Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb Hamidreza , Heidari Zahra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: In order to make successful treatment for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma, an early diagnosis is necessary. In this research we aimed to evaluate the IHC staining pattern of Hepatocyte parafﬁn 1 and arginase-1 and their performance in early diagnosis of HCC. The incidence of HepPar- 1 and Arg-1 were evaluated by IHC in 121 patients (HBV, HCC, HBV+HCC) and 30 healthy subjects.Results: Arg-1 had significantly increased sensitivity in identification of HBV+HCC patients compared to HepPar-1 (P<0.001). The sensitivity of arginase-1 is 96.3% whereas, the sensitivity of HepPar-1 is 72.7%. Arg-1 had higher specificity in identification of HBV+HCC patients compared to HepPar-1 (P<0.05). With one positive marker, the sensitivity, the specificity and the positive predictive values and negative predictive value were 84.3%, 82.4%, 88.6% and 85.4% respectively. Also with one positive marker, the sensitivity and negative predictive value were significantly higher compared to the both 2 positive combinations. It was concluded that Arg-1 can improves the ability to detect HBV+HCC patients when compared with HepPar-1. When, both markers being positive, the specificity and PPVs of this combination were fairly higher. Concurrent use of these two proteins may be one of the best HCC detection patterns in needle specimens.
Results Following Surgical Resection of Recurrent Chordoma of the Spine: Experience in a single institution
Authors: Chanplakorn Pongsthorn , Lertudomphonwanit Thamrong , Homcharoen Wittawat , Suwanpramote Prakrit , Laohacharoensombat Wichien 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Chordoma of the spine is a low-grade malignant tumor with vague and indolent symptoms thus large tumor mass is encountered at the time of diagnosis in almost cases and makes a difficult for En-bloc free-margin resection. Salvage therapy for recurrent chordoma is very challenging due to its relentless nature and refractory to adjuvant therapies. The aim of this present study was to report the oncologic outcome following surgical resection of chordoma of the spine. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of 10 consecutive cases of recurrent chordoma patients who underwent surgical treatment between 2003 and 2018 at one tertiary-care center was conducted. Results: There were 10 patients, 4 females and 6 males were included in this study. Eight patients had local recurrence. The recurrence was encountered at the muscle, surrounding soft tissue and remaining bony structure. Distant metastases were found in 2 patients. The median time to recurrent or metastasis was 30 months after first surgery. Conclusion: En-bloc free margin resection is mandatory to prevent recurrent. The clinical vigilance and investigation to identify tumor recurrent should be performed every 3 to 6 months, especially, in the first 30 months and annually thereafter. Detection of recurrent in early stage with a small mass may be the best chance to perform an En-Bloc margin free resection to prevent further recurrent.
Investigating the frequency of Free-living amoeba in water resources with emphasis on Acanthamoeba in Bandar Abbas city, Hormozgan province, Iran in 2019-2020
Authors: Attariani Homa , Turki Habibollah , Shoja Saeed , Salahi-Moghaddam Abdoreza , Ghanbarnejad Amin , Shamseddin Jebreil 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: These amoebas can cause dangerous illnesses when they accidentally enter the human body, so it is necessary to determine various forms of organisms in water resources to prevent the danger they can cause and risks to human health. Currently, in Bandar Abbas, there is no sufficient information about the distribution of Acanthamoeba, and we intended to study its frequency and determine the related genotypes. Results: Out of 83 water samples collected from different resources in the city, 31 plates (37.3%) were found to be positive for free-living amoebae. Of these, five were identified as Acanthamoeba (6%) by culture method and 8 (9.6%) by molecular method. Positive sample sequence analysis enables us to distinguish two genotypes of T4 (7 cases) and T15 (1 case) in this study.
Exosomes containing miRNAs targeting HER2 synthesis and engineered to adhere to HER2 on tumor cells surface exhibit enhanced antitumor activity
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhou Xusha , Zou Weixuan , Wu Yinglin , Zhao Jing , Chen Xiaoqing , Zhou Grace Guoying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Exosomes are small, cellular membrane-derived vesicles with a diameter of 50-150 nm. Exosomes are considered ideal drug delivery systems with a wide range of applications in various diseases, including cancer. However, nonspecific delivery of therapeutic agents by exosomes in vivo remains challenging. H uman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, and its overexpression is usually associated with cell survival and tumor progression in various cancers. In this study, we aim to develop novel exosomes with dual HER2-targeting ability as a nanoparticle delivery vehicle to enhance antitumor efficacy in vivo . Results: Here, we report the generation of two kinds of exosomes carrying miRNAs designed to block HER2 synthesis and consequently kill tumor cells. 293-miR-HER2 exosomes package and deliver designed miRNAs to cells to block HER2 synthesis. These exosomes kill cancer cells dependent on HER2 for survival but do not affect cells that lack HER2 or that are engineered to express HER2 but are not dependent on it for survival. In contrast, 293-miR-XS-HER2 exosomes carry an additional peptide, which enables them to adhere to HER2 on the surface of cancer cells. Consequently, these exosomes preferentially enter and kill cells with surface expression of HER2. 293-miR-XS-HER2 exosomes are significantly more effective than the 293-miR-HER2 exosomes in shrinking HER2-positive tumors implanted in mice. Conclusions: Collectively, as novel antitumor drug delivery vehicles, HER2 dual-targeting exosomes exhibit increased target-specific delivery efficiency and can be further utilized to develop new nanoparticle-based targeted therapies.
Crossover between the Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Limits of Thermal Electron Transfer: Verifying the Landau-Zener Formula
Authors: Zhu Guang Yuan , Qin Yi , Meng Miao , Mallick Suman , Gao Hang , Chen Xiaoli , Cheng Tao , Tan Ying Ning , Xiao Xuan , Han Mei Juan , Sun Meifang , Liu Chun Yuan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The semiclassical models of nonadiabatic transition were proposed first by Landau and Zener in 1932, which has been widely used in study of electron transfer (ET); however, experimental substantiation of the Landau-Zener formula remains challenging. Herein, employing the Marcus-Hush theory, thermal ET in mixed-valence complexes { [Mo2]-(ph)n-[Mo2] }+ (n = 1-3) is investigated and the Landau-Zener analysis performed in the adiabatic and nonadiabatic limits. Evidently, the Landau-Zener formula is valid in the adiabatic regime in a broader range of conditions than the theoretical limitation known as the narrow avoided-crossing. The intermediate system is identified with an overall transition probability (𝛋el) of ~ 0.5, which is resolved by the contributions from the single and the first multiple passage. The results unify the contemporary ET theories under the semiclassical framework. The obtained insights help to understand and control the ET processes in biological and chemical systems.
Development and Psychometric Testing of a Questionnaire to Assess Nurse’s Perception of Risks during Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Feng Ping , Yang Huili , Xu Lan , Omorogieva Ojo , Lu Xiao-yan , Zhang Hai-ying , Wang Xiao-hua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Enteral nutrition (EN) therapy is widely used in clinical practice to provide artificial nutrition to patients, while the incidence of adverse events are relatively highly. In the clinical setting, the occurrence of adverse events is associated with the nurse’s risk perception. Thus, using tool to evaluate nurse’s risk perception of enteral nutrition is necessary.Methods The draft questionnaire with 37-items was formed by comprehensive literature reviews and semi-structured in-depth interviews with eleven nurses. Two iterations of expert consultations were used to evaluate the content validity, and 4 items were deleted in this phrase. A 33-items questionnaire was used to survey 352 nurses from five tertiary hospitals in China from May to July 2019 with convenience sampling. Content validity, construct validity and known-groups validity were evaluated by content validity index (CVI), exploratory factor analysis, and the comparisons of the different EN risk perception levels of nurses at different working departments and different educational backgrounds, respectively. Reliability was tested by internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability.Results After the exploratory factor analysis, four items were excluded. Finally, the newly developed questionnaire included 29 items explaining 71.356% of the total variance. It consisted of three factors: Risks of operation (15 items); Risks of EN-related adverse events (11 items), and Risks of EN solution selection (3 items). The CVI of the questionnaire was 0.95 and the CVI of items ranged from 0.875-1.0. The results of known-groups validity showed that the nurses with different educational backgrounds had a statistically significant difference of EN risk perception (z = -3.024, p = 0.002), whereas there was not significantly different between EN risk perception of nurses working in different departments (z = -1.644, p = 0.100). The Cronbach’s α, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability of the questionnaire were 0.967, 0.818, and 0.815, respectively.Conclusions The newly developed questionnaire for assessing nurse’s EN risk perception showed good reliability and validity. It can be used as a tool for nursing managers to assess Chinese nurses’ EN risk perception ability, so as to help to reduce the occurrence of adverse events during EN implementation.
Rationally patterned electrode of direct-current triboelectric nanogenerators for ultrahigh effective surface charge density
Authors: Zhao Zhihao , Dai Yejing , Liu Di , Zhou Linglin , Li Shaoxin , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
As a new-era of energy harvesting technology, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been invented to convert randomly distributed mechanical energy into electric power for Internet of Things (IoTs) and artificial intelligence (AI) applications. Enhancement of the triboelectric charge density is crucial for its large-scale commercialization. Here, a microstructure-designed direct-current TENG (MDC-TENG) with rationally patterned electrode structure is presented to enhance its effective surface charge density by increasing the efficiency of contact electrification, which achieves a record high charge density of ~5.4 mC m-2 (more than 2 times of the best value reported). The MDC-TENG realizes both the miniaturized device and high output performance. Meanwhile, its effective charge density can be further improved as the device size increases. Our work not only provides a miniaturization strategy of TENG for the application in IoTs and AI as energy supply or self-powered sensor, but also presents a paradigm shift of the large-scale energy harvesting by TENGs.
Deregulation and pricing of medical services A policy experiment based in China
Authors: Zang Wenbin , Zhou Mei , Zhao Shaoyang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Price regulation is a common constraint in Chinese hospitals. Based on a policy experiment conducted in China on the price deregulation of private nonprofit hospitals, this study empirically examines the impact of medical service price regulation on the pricing of medical services by hospitals. Methods: Using the claim data of insured inpatients residing in a major Chinese city for the period 2010–2015, this study constructs a DID (difference-in-differences) model to compare the impact of price deregulation on medical expenditure and expenditure structure between for-profit and nonprofit hospitals. Results: The empirical results based on micro data reveal that, price deregulated significantly increased the total expenditure per inpatient visit by 10.5%. In the itemized expenditure, the diagnostic test and drug expenditure per inpatient visit of private nonprofit hospitals decreased significantly, whereas the physician service expenditure per inpatient visit increased significantly. For expenditure structure, the proportions of drug expenditure and diagnostic test expenditure per inpatient visit significantly decreased by 5.7% and 3.1%, respectively. Conclusions: Under price regulation, medical service prices generally become lower than their costs. Therefore, after price deregulation, private nonprofit hospitals increase medical service prices above their cost and achieve the service premium by providing high-quality medical services and a comfortable medical environment. Further, although price deregulation causes patient expenditure to increase to a certain level, it optimizes the expenditure structure, as well.
A Data Process of Human Knee Joint Kinematics Obtained by Motion-Capture Measurement
Authors: Wang Jian-ping , Wang Shi-hua , Zhao Xuan , Hu Hai , Wang Yan-qing , Liu Jin-lai , Chen Xu , Li Yu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The motion capture has been used as the usual method for measuring movement parameters of human, and most of the measuring data are obtained by partial manual process based on commercial software. A data process was developed for kinematics data obtain by programming on MATLAB software in this paper. Methods: The coordinate data of markers on human lower limb measured by motion capture system were firstly read and repaired through the program. Then the coordinate data of anatomical points in the movement of human lower limb were obtained by program processing. The local coordinate systems of human femur and tibia were established with anatomical points. After that the flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and internal/external rotation of human knee tibiofemoral joint in the movement of lower limb were obtained by coordinate transformation. Lastly, the motion capture and measurement of healthy volunteers were carried out and the MATLAB program was used for data process. Results: Using the above methods, motion capture measurements and batch data processing were carried out on squatting and climbing stairs of 29 healthy volunteers to obtain the motion characteristics of the knee joint. As followed, the maximum angle of internal and external rotation in squatting was 30.5 degrees, and the maximum angle of internal and external rotation in climbing stairs was 14 degrees, etc. The results of this paper also were respectively compared with the results processed by other research methods, and the results were basically consistent, thus the reliability of our research method was verified. Conclusion: The kinematics data of human knee joint could be processed accurately and effectively with the method programmed in MATLAB software, and the kinematics characteristics of human knee tibiofemoral joint were obtained. The processing method provided a reference for the designing and optimization of knee prosthesis, and the program can be modified for different purposes. At the same time, it is helpful to study knee joint movement of patients after total knee arthroplasty.
Is Coracoclavicular Reconstruction Necessary in Hook Plate Fixation for Acute Unstable Acromioclavicular Dislocation?
Authors: Chen Yu-Ta , Wu Kuan-Ting , Jhan Shun-Wun , Hsu Shan-Lin , Liu Hao-Chen , Wang Ching-Jen , Ko Jih-Yang , Chou Wen-Yi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation is a relatively common shoulder injury. For the treatment of cases of severe ACJ dislocation (Rockwood type III–V), hook plate fixation is an easy-to-master and minimally-invasive approach to surgical intervention. Overstress on the acromion following hook plate fixation often leads to acromial complications such as osteolysis and loss of reduction. We hypothesized that suspensory reconstruction alongside hook plate fixation might provide a superior stability and reduce complications as compared with hook plate fixation alone. The purpose of the study was to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of these two surgical modalities.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 38 patients with acute ACJ dislocation from May 2010 to December 2018. Among them, nineteen patients received hook plate fixation only (HP group), and 19 underwent concomitant hook plate fixation and loop suspension fixation with two mersilene tapes (HM group). The demographic data of the patients were recorded and analyzed. All patients underwent a shoulder x-ray initially, immediately postoperatively, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months to measure the relative coracoclavicular distance (rCCD). Clinical assessment of shoulder function outcome was conducted using the Constant Murley Score (CMS); the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Score was also measured at the latest follow-up.Results: There were no significant differences in the demographic data between the two groups. With regards to the CMS and the UCLA score, the HM group and HP group both had excellent outcomes, and no significant differences in scores were observed between groups (CMS: 93.90 ± 6.16 versus 94.47 ± 7.26, p = 0.47; UCLA score: 32.84 ± 2.91 versus 34.32 ± 1.16, p = 0.07). However, the HM group demonstrated substantial superiority in terms of maintenance of the rCCD over the HP group (91.47 ± 27.47 versus 100.75 ± 48.70, p = 0.015). In addition, there was less subacromial osteolysis in the HM group than the HP group (52.6% versus 15.8%, p = 0.038).Conclusion: Concomitant hook plate fixation with loop suspensory reconstruction yielded excellent functional outcomes and superior maintenance of the rCCD with fewer acromion complications than hook plate fixation alone.
Effects of plant cultivars on the structure of bacterial and fungal communities associated with ginseng
Authors: Wang Huaying , Fang Xiaoxue , Wu Hao , Cai Xinyu , Xiao Hongxing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
There is a growing awareness of the importance of root-associated bacteria and fungi to plant growth. At present, little is known about whether different ginseng cultivars affect the soil rhizosphere microbial community.
Results
Here, we examined the changes in the microorganismal diversity and composition of the rhizospheres of different ginseng cultivars. We found that fungal communities were more influenced by the cultivars than bacterial communities and revealed differences in the microbial community composition and diversity among the different ginseng cultivars. We found that fungal diversity was negatively correlated with bacterial diversity in CBGL, JYSH and SZSZ; however, TSBT had the lowest bacterial and fungal diversity. We also discovered certain rhizosphere microorganisms that may be associated with pathogenicity and the lifespan of ginseng cultivars, including Bacillus, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium spp.
Conclusions
Our results showed that the microbial diversity and community structures under different ginseng cultivars are significantly different and are related to the host cultivar. This result is helpful in providing information that could be used for the breeding of Panax ginseng.