bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Emission from Precious Metal‐Free Luminophores Consisting of C, H, O, Si, and S/P at Room Temperature
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Nagano Sho , Kinoshita Takumi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFluorescence–phosphorescence dual‐emissive compounds are valuable tools for ratiometric luminescence sensing. Herein, it is reported that 2,5‐bis(phenylsulfonyl)‐ and 2,5‐bis[bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)phosphinyl]‐1,4‐disiloxybenzenes exhibit dual emission with emission peaks that were easily identified without performing time‐gated measurement. The disiloxybenzenes in powder simultaneously fluoresced and phosphoresced at 358–374 and 457–470 nm, respectively, under vacuum. The intensity ratios of the phosphorescence/fluorescence maxima of the disiloxybenzenes in powder and in a thin film of poly(methyl methacrylate) were sensitive to temperature and molecular oxygen, respectively. The plots of the relative intensity versus temperature or partial pressure of molecular oxygen were well fitted with calibration curves defined by an exponential approximation with excellent correlation coefficients R2 (0.9708–0.9921), demonstrating the high potential of the disiloxybenzenes as precious metal‐free probes applicable to ratiometric luminescence sensing.
Tandem Acid/Pd‐Catalyzed Reductive Rearrangement of Glycol Derivatives
Authors: Schmidt Tanno A. , Ciszek Benjamin , Kathe Prasad , Fleischer Ivana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerein, we describe the acid/Pd‐tandem‐catalyzed transformation of glycol derivatives into terminal formic esters. Mechanistic investigations show that the substrate undergoes rearrangement to an aldehyde under [1,2] hydrogen migration and cleavage of an oxygen‐based leaving group. The leaving group is trapped as its formic ester, and the aldehyde is reduced and subsequently esterified to a formate. Whereas the rearrangement to the aldehyde is catalyzed by sulfonic acids, the reduction step requires a unique catalyst system comprising a PdII or Pd0 precursor in loadings as low as 0.75 mol % and α,α′‐bis(di‐tert‐butylphosphino)‐o‐xylene as ligand. The reduction step makes use of formic acid as an easy‐to‐handle transfer reductant. The substrate scope of the transformation encompasses both aromatic and aliphatic substrates and a variety of leaving groups.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Bromination of O‐Phenyl Carbamates Accelerated by a Secondary Amide‐Pendant Cyclopentadienyl Ligand
Authors: Tanaka Jin , Shibata Yu , Joseph Anton , Nogami Juntaro , Terasawa Jyunichi , Yoshimura Ryo , Tanaka Ken 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt has been established that a newly developed cyclopentadienyl rhodium(III) [CpARhIII] complex, bearing an acidic secondary amide moiety on the Cp ring, is able to catalyze the ortho‐bromination of O‐phenyl carbamates with N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) at room temperature. The presence of the acidic secondary amide moiety on the CpA ligand accelerates the bromination by the hydrogen bond between the acidic NH group of the CpA ligand and the carbonyl group of NBS.
Cyclohexene Promoted Efficient Biomimetic Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Manganese Porphyrin under Mild Conditions
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Hui , Yu Hai‐Yang , Xue Can , Zhou Xian‐Tai , Ji Hong‐Bing 
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionSelective oxidation of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds is one of the most important processes both in academic and application research. As a kind of biomimetic catalyst, metalloporphyrins‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alcohols with aldehyde as hydrogen donator is gathering much attention. However, using olefins as another kind hydrogen donator for aerobic oxidation of alcohols has not been reported. In this study, a system comprising managenese porphyrin and cyclohexene for biomimetic aerobic oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds was developed. The catalytic system exhibited excellent catalytic performance and selectivity towards the corresponding products for most primary and secondary alcohols under mild conditions. Based on the results obtained from experiments as well as in situ EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) and UV‐vis spectroscopy, the role of cyclohexene was demonstrated.
Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of a Single Oral Dose of Pyrimethamine in Healthy Male Subjects of Japanese and European Ancestry
Authors: Iida Takayuki , Nand Romina A. , Ino Hiroko , Ogura Hirofumi , Itoh Hiroshi , Igarashi Harue , Numachi Yotaro , Gross Annette S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of pyrimethamine have been evaluated in various populations but have not been reported in subjects of Japanese ancestry following administration as a single‐agent tablet. Furthermore, although pyrimethamine pharmacokinetics after a single dose of the single‐agent tablet studied in Western countries have been reported, these studies are old, and the ancestry of the subjects was not specified. Consequently, this study investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of a single oral 50‐mg dose of pyrimethamine in healthy male subjects of Japanese and European ancestry. Seven subjects of each ancestry group were administered pyrimethamine, along with calcium folinate. After absorption, pyrimethamine was eliminated, with a mean half‐life of 122.8 hours in Japanese subjects and 99.5 hours in European subjects. The mean Cmax and AUC0‐t were 433.8 ng/mL and 59.63 µg·h/mL in Japanese subjects and 372.7 ng/mL and 42.83 µg·h/mL in European subjects. No safety concerns were reported during the study. Although pyrimethamine exposure was slightly higher in subjects of Japanese than of European ancestry, a considerable overlap in the range of parameter values was observed. Considering the range of pyrimethamine exposure reported previously, difference in exposure observed in this study would not be considered of note.
Response‐Surface‐Optimized and Scaled‐Up Microbial Electrosynthesis of Chiral Alcohols
Authors: Mayr Jeannine C. , Rosa Luis F. M. , Klinger Natalia , Grosch Jan‐Hendrik , Harnisch Falk , Spiess Antje C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA variety of enzymes can be easily incorporated and overexpressed within Escherichia coli cells by plasmids, making it an ideal chassis for bioelectrosynthesis. It has recently been demonstrated that microbial electrosynthesis (MES) of chiral alcohols is possible by using genetically modified E. coli with plasmid‐incorporated and overexpressed enzymes and methyl viologen as mediator for electron transfer. This model system, using NADPH‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis to convert acetophenone into (R)‐1‐phenylethanol, is assessed by using a design of experiment (DoE) approach. Process optimization is achieved with a 2.4‐fold increased yield of 94±7 %, a 3.9‐fold increased reaction rate of 324±67 μm h−1, and a coulombic efficiency of up to 68±7 %, while maintaining an excellent enantioselectivity of >99 %. Subsequent scale‐up to 1 L by using electrobioreactors under batch and fed‐batch conditions increases the titer of (R)‐1‐phenylethanol to 12.8±2.0 mm and paves the way to further develop E. coli into a universal chassis for MES in a standard biotechnological process environment.
Solution‐Processable Thermally Crosslinked Organic Radical Polymer Battery Cathodes
Authors: Wang Shaoyang , Park Albert Min Gyu , Flouda Paraskevi , Easley Alexandra D. , Li Fei , Ma Ting , Fuchs Gregory D. , Lutkenhaus Jodie L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrganic radical polymers are promising cathode materials for next‐generation batteries because of their rapid charge transfer and high cycling stability. However, these organic polymer electrodes gradually dissolve in the electrolyte, resulting in capacity fade. Several crosslinking methods have been developed to improve the performance of these electrodes, but they are either not compatible with carbon additives or compromise the solution processability of the electrodes. A one‐step post‐synthetic, carbon‐compatible crosslinking method was developed to effectively crosslink an organic polymer electrode and allow for easy solution processing. The highest electrode capacity of 104 mAh g−1 (vs. a theoretical capacity of 111 mAh g−1) is achieved by introducing 1 mol % of the crosslinker, whereas the highest capacity retention (99.6 %) is obtained with 3 mol % crosslinker. In addition, mass transfer was observed in situ by using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. These results may guide future electrode design toward fast‐charging and high‐capacity organic electrodes.
Diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis
Authors: Senneville Eric M. , Lipsky Benjamin A. , van Asten Suzanne A.V. , Peters Edgar J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBone involvement during an infection of the diabetic foot represents a serious complication associated with a high risk of amputation, prolonged antibiotic treatment and hospitalization. Diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFOs) require a multidisciplinary approach given the usual complexity of these situations. DFO should be suspected in most cases especially in the most severe forms of soft tissue diabetic foot infections (DFIs) where the prevalence of bone infection may be up to 60%. Suspicion is based on clinical signs in particular a positive probe‐to‐bone (PTB) test, elevated inflammatory biomarkers especially erythrocyte sedimentation rate and abnormal imaging assessment using plain X‐ray as a first‐line choice. The combination of PTB test with plain X‐ray has proven effective in the diagnosis of DFO. The confirmation (definite) diagnosis of DFO is based on the results of a bone sample examination obtained by either surgical or percutaneous biopsy. Sophisticated imaging examinations such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and nuclear imaging techniques are useful where doubt persists after first‐line imaging assessment. These techniques may also help localize the bone infection site and increase the diagnostic performance of percutaneous bone biopsy. The quality of the microbiological documentation of DFO is likely to improve the adequacy of the antimicrobial therapy especially when medical (ie, no surgical resection of the infected bone tissues) is considered. The use of new (molecular) techniques for the identification of the bone pathogens have not yet proven superiority on classic cultural techniques for the management of such patients.
LC‐MS/MS method for the quantification of new psychoactive substances and evaluation of their urinary detection in humans for doping control analysis
Authors: Olesti Eulalia , Pascual Jose Antonio , Ventura Mireia , Papaseit Esther , Farré Magí , de la Torre Rafael , Pozo Oscar J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe constant legal adaptation of new psychoactive substances (NPS), challenges their evaluation in different fields. In sports, NPS are prohibited in competition with a reporting limit (RL) of 50 ng/mL for the parent compound or a metabolite. However, there is a lack of comprehensive methodologies and excretion studies for monitoring NPS. This work aims to develop an analytical methodology for the NPS quantification and to evaluate the suitability of monitoring the urinary parent stimulants after NPS misuse. A method for the quantification of 14 common NPS was developed and validated. The method was found to be linear in the range 1–1000 ng/mL, and was shown to be accurate and precise. A lowest limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1 ng/mL was established for all analytes except for benzylpiperazine (5 ng/mL). The method was able to confirm the identity of the analytes at the LLOQ for most NPS. The methodology was applied to the quantification of the parent compound in urine samples collected from an observational study where several healthy volunteers (n ≥ 6 per drug) ingested active doses of mephedrone (MEPH), methylone (MDMC), 2,5‐dimetoxy‐4‐ethylphenetylamine (2C‐E), or 6‐(2‐aminopropyl)benzofuran (6‐APB). It was observed that for MDMC and 6‐APB, the quantification of the urinary parent drug at the current RL is a proper strategy for detecting their misuse. However, this strategy seems to be insufficient for evaluating MEPH and 2C‐E misuse. Monitoring the most abundant metabolite of MEPH (4′‐carboxy‐MEPH) and the reduction of the RL to 10 ng/mL for the 2C‐E evaluation are proposed.
In vivo metabolism of the designer anabolic steroid hemapolin in the thoroughbred horse
Authors: Waller Christopher C. , Weththasinghe Sumudu A. , McClure Lauren , Cawley Adam T. , Suann Craig , Suann Emily , Sutherland Emma , Cooper Elliot , Heather Alison , McLeod Malcolm D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHemapolin (2α,3α‐epithio‐17α‐methyl‐5α‐androstan‐17β‐ol) is a designer steroid that is an ingredient in several “dietary” and “nutritional” supplements available online. As an unusual chemical modification to the steroid A‐ring could allow this compound to pass through antidoping screens undetected, the metabolism of hemapolin was investigated by an in vivo equine drug administration study coupled with GC‐MS analysis. Following administration of synthetically prepared hemapolin to a thoroughbred horse, madol (17α‐methyl‐5α‐androst‐2‐en‐17β‐ol), reduced and dihydroxylated madol (17α‐methyl‐5α‐androstane‐2β,3α,17β‐triol), and the isomeric enone metabolites 17β‐hydroxy‐17α‐methyl‐5α‐androst‐3‐en‐2‐one and 17β‐hydroxy‐17α‐methyl‐5α‐androst‐2‐en‐4‐one, were detected and confirmed in equine urine extracts by comparison with a library of synthetically derived reference materials. A number of additional madol derivatives derived from hydroxylation, dihydroxylation, and trihydroxylation were also detected but not fully identified by this approach. A yeast cell‐based androgen receptor bioassay of available reference materials showed that hemapolin and many of the metabolites identified by this study were potent activators of the equine androgen receptor. This study reveals the metabolites resulting from the equine administration of the androgen hemapolin that can be incorporated into routine GC‐MS antidoping screening and confirmation protocols to detect the illicit use of this agent in equine sports.
Spironolactone use is associated with improved outcomes in heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction
Authors: Enzan Nobuyuki , Matsushima Shouji , Ide Tomomi , Kaku Hidetaka , Higo Taiki , Tsuchihashi‐Makaya Miyuki , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsSpironolactone has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (EF). We investigated whether the discharge use of spironolactone could be associated with better long‐term outcomes among patients with HF with mid‐range EF (HFmrEF).Methods and resultsWe analysed HFmrEF (left ventricular EF 40–49%) patients enrolled in the Japanese Cardiac Registry of Heart Failure in Cardiology, which prospectively studied the clinical characteristics, treatments, and long‐term outcomes of patients hospitalized due to HF. Patients were divided into two groups according to the use of spironolactone at discharge. The primary outcome was a composite of all‐cause death or HF rehospitalization. A total of 457 patients had HFmrEF. The mean age was 69.3 years and 286 (62.6%) were male. Among them, spironolactone was prescribed at discharge in 158 patients (34.6%). Chronic kidney disease (7.6% vs. 16.8%, P = 0.007) was less prevalent and loop diuretics (89.2% vs. 70.2%, P < 0.001) were more often prescribed in patients with spironolactone. During a mean follow‐up of 2.2 years, patients with spironolactone had a lower incidence rate of the primary outcome than those without it (171.5 vs. 278.8 primary outcome per 1000 patient‐years, incidence rate ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.44–0.86; P = 0.004). After multivariable adjustment, spironolactone use at discharge was associated with a significant reduction in the composite of all‐cause death or HF rehospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.44–0.90, P = 0.010).ConclusionsAmong patients with HF hospitalized for HFmrEF, spironolactone use at discharge was associated with better long‐term outcomes.
Anacardic acid mitigates liver fat accumulation and impaired glucose tolerance in mice fed a high‐fat and high‐sucrose diet
Authors: Chung Sangwon , Shin Eun Ju , Choi Hyo‐Kyoung , Park Jae Ho , Hwang Jin‐Taek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the effects of anacardic acid (AA), a phenolic lipid found in cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale), on metabolic disorders related to obesity, fatty liver disease, and diabetes using both in vitro and in vivo models. The application of AA led to a reduction in lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 cells without observable cytotoxicity. Results from Western blot analysis revealed that AA treatment also led to decreased expression of fatty acid synthase and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma. In vivo studies were performed to evaluate the effects of AA treatment on fatty liver disease and diabetes. Mice fed a high‐fat and high‐sucrose diet had significantly higher body and liver weights, and higher levels of liver fat, cholesterol, fasting glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). However, 12 weeks of oral treatment with 500 μg/kg BW AA slowed down lipid accumulation rates in the liver and mitigated insulin resistance in these mice. Thus, AA may reduce lipid levels and have an antidiabetic effect.
The impact of educational interventions on antibiotic prescribing for acute upper respiratory tract infections in the ambulatory care setting: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Craddock Kaitlyn , Molino Suzanne , Stranges Paul M. , Suda Katie J. , Bleasdale Susan C. , Radosta Jonathan , Kannampallil Thomas , Shapiro Nancy L. , Gross Alan E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the proportion of viral acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTI) inappropriately treated with antibiotics before and after the implementation of a multimodal outpatient antibiotic stewardship initiative in a real‐world setting.DesignPre‐post, quasi‐experimental study.PatientsAdult patients with a diagnosis of either acute bronchitis, influenza, unspecified viral infection, or unspecified AURTI who visited internal medicine (IM) or family medicine (FM) ambulatory care clinics at an urban, academic health system in 2016 and 2017.InterventionsProvider education including the dissemination of an institutional guideline and algorithm for the treatment of AURTI occurred in FM and IM clinics. In the FM clinics, a roundtable discussion with clinicians promoting safe and appropriate antibiotic prescribing was conducted, and patient‐facing educational posters were placed in exam rooms and clinic waiting areas describing the FM teams' commitment to using antibiotics only when necessary.ResultsA total of 2817 patient encounters met study inclusion criteria. In total, inappropriate antibiotic prescribing had a relative decrease of 24% after implementation of the interventions (17.2% [235/1362] preintervention vs 13.1% [191/1455] postintervention; P = .02). During the preintervention period, 25.4% (143/563) of the encounters in the IM clinics were associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing compared with 19% (108/568) in the postintervention period (P < .01). Relative to the IM clinics, the FM clinics had a lower proportion of encounters associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing at baseline. In FM clinics, 11.5% (92/799) of encounters were associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing during the preintervention period compared with 9.4% (83/887) during the postintervention period (P = .15).ConclusionsSimple educational interventions may decrease inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for AURTIs in outpatient settings. In addition, the incremental benefit of patient‐facing education may be limited outside of randomized studies or in settings with low baseline antibiotic prescribing rates for AURTIs. Therefore, additional studies outside of randomized trials are needed.
Impact of team‐based care on appropriate statin therapy prescribing in ***HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Hester Elizabeth K. , Caulder Celeste R. , Penzak Scott R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionStatins have historically been underutilized in patients living with ***HIV infection (PLWH) despite reported rates of cardiovascular disease twice that of the general population.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of team‐based pharmacy services on appropriate statin prescribing compared with standard care in an HIV primary care clinic.MethodsA retrospective chart review of adult PLWH was conducted for appropriate statin prescribing according to 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol guidelines. Patient outcomes were stratified by team‐based care defined as physician/pharmacy collaboration, and standard care defined as primary care without clinical pharmacy services. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients receiving appropriate statin therapy in the two groups. Secondary outcomes included percentage of patients receiving appropriate statin therapy, number of patients indicated for therapy but untreated, and achievement of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) goal reduction. Chi‐square analysis was used for nominal comparisons, and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of appropriate statin prescribing.ResultsThree hundred fifty‐two charts were screened, 114 of which met inclusion criteria. Eighty‐nine patients (61%) received team‐based care and 25 (22%) received standard care. Appropriate statin prescribing was observed in a greater percentage of patients in the team‐based care group compared with the standard care group (86% vs 54%, respectively; P < .001). More patients receiving team‐based care were also prescribed statin therapy when indicated (98% vs 88%; P < .001). Team‐based care was a predictor of appropriate statin prescribing (odds ratio 10.31, P < .001); however, LDL goal reduction was achieved in <30% in both groups.ConclusionPatients living with HIV infection receiving team‐based care that included a clinical pharmacist were significantly more likely to be prescribed appropriate statin therapy compared with patients receiving standard care. Nonetheless, achieving goal LDL reduction remained a challenge in these patients regardless of approach to care (team‐based vs standard).
From the military to college and beyond: Growing a culturally sensitive program to support veteran success
Authors: Ulrich Stefanie , Freer Benjamin D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the unique characteristics of veterans and the role military culture continues to play for post‐service veterans. We describe a series of programs developed to provide critically important assistance to current and recent student veterans by connecting them to a network of veteran peers and mentors. Through a discussion of psychological distress and healing, stigma, and the challenges of college, we hoped to galvanize student veterans to recognize the value of psychological well‐being. We additionally offer suggestions, based on years of work with veterans, on the development of programs and the provision of clinical services for the veteran community.