bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of lymphocyte-monocyte ratio on axial spondyloarthritis diagnosis and sacroiliitis staging
Authors: Wang Jing , Su Jinyu , Yuan Yuan , Jin Xiaxia , Shen Bo , Lu Guoguang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Axial spondyloarthritis (axial SpA)is a chronic inflammatory disorder involving the sacroiliac joints, that could lead to disability due to the failure of timely treatment. The lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) is an indicator of disease progression. However, its role in axial SpA remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of LMR in axial SpA diagnosis, disease activity classification and sacroiliitis staging. Methods: Seventy-eight axial SpA patients and 78 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of axial SpA was performed according to the New York criteria or the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society (ASAS) classification criteria, whereas the staging of sacroiliitis in axial SpA patients was determined by X-ray examination. Comparisons of LMR levels between groups were performed using t test. Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis were used to assess correlations between LMR and other indicators. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the role of LMR in the diagnosis of axial SpA.Results: Higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), red blood cell distribution width(RDW), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), mean platelet volume(MPV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein(CRP) levels and lower red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (Hct), LMR, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL) and albumin/globulin (A/G) levels were noted in axial SpA patients compared to HCs. Positive correlations were observed between LMR and RBC, Hb, Hct and A/G, whereas negative correlations were found between LMR and NLR, PLR, AST, and TBIL (P< 0.05). ROC curves showed that the area under the curve(AUC) for LMR in the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis was 0.803 (95% CI =0.734-0.872) with a sensitivity and specificity of 62.8% and 87.2%, respectively, and the AUC (95% CI) for the combination of ESR, CRP and LMR was 0.975 (0.948-1.000) with a sensitivity and specificity of 94.9% and 97.4%, respectively. LMR levels were lower (P<0.05) and significant differences in LMR values were observed among different stages (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our study suggested that LMR might be an important inflammatory marker to identify axial SpA and assess disease activity and X-ray stage of sacroiliitis.
Bone mineral density and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese community: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Han Wu , Zhang Yufan , Zhou Wenbin , Zhang Guolong , Wang Jindi , Xu Jingjing , Yao Tao , Dai Jing , He Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence of a complex interaction between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to further study the relationship between Bone turnover markers (BTMs) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes and to analyze the effect of hyperglycemia on bone metabolism.Methods: Six hundred and twelve (612) postmenopausal women were included, including one hundred and seven (107) subjects with T2DM and five hundred and five (505) subjects without diabetes. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Markers of bone formation Type 1 collagen N-terminal peptide (P1NP) and resorption C-telopeptide of type l collagen (CTX) were quantified.Results: Compared to controls, postmenopausal women with diabetes had a higher prevalence of previous osteoporosis fracture (27.1% vs. 17.4% for diabetic and nondiabetic women, respectively) and a higher BMD. The P1NP level in women with T2DM was 49.451 ng/ml, while in N-DM individuals, it was 58.633 ng/ml, (p = 0.017). The CTX level in women with T2DM was 0.325 ng/ml, while in N-DM individuals, it was 0.412 ng/ml (p=0.039). In addition, P1NP was significantly negatively associated with age (β=-0.590; p= 0.002) and FBG (β=-1.950; p = 0.035). CTX was negatively associated with FBG (β=-0.029; p = 0.015).Conclusions: T2DM was associated with higher BMD and paradoxically, with an increased risk of fracture. Postmenopausal women with T2DM had lower bone turnover than controls. With increased levels of FBG, bone formation and bone resorption were reduced, and the overall bone turnover level was reduced.
Influence of Patella Thickness on Patellofemoral Pressure in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tanikawa Hidenori , Tada Mitsunori , Ogawa Ryo , Harato Kengo , Niki Yasuo , Kobayashi Shu , Nagura Takeo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Patellofemoral complications are one of the major issues after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Excessive patellofemoral joint pressure is associated with complications after TKA surgery, and the amount of patellar osteotomy has a direct effect on patellofemoral joint pressure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of patella thickness on patellofemoral pressure in TKA.Methods. Five freshly frozen cadavers were operated with a custom-made Stryker posterior stabilizing type knee joint prosthesis. Patellofemoral joint pressure was measured using a pressure sensor, with the knee joint flexed from 90 to 110 degrees, and with patellar thickness of -2mm to +4mm.Results: Increasing or decreasing patellar thickness significantly increased or decreased patellofemoral pressure. Regarding knee flexion angle, patellofemoral pressure increased with increasing patellar thickness at all flexion angles, but the pressure increase was greatest at 90 degrees of knee flexion and smallest at 110 degrees.Conclusions: The amount of patellar osteotomy influences the patellofemoral pressure. Surgeons should avoid increasing patella thickness, since the resulting increased patellofemoral pressure may reduce knee joint function.
Bone Quality in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Giner Mercè , Miranda Cristina , Vázquez-Gámez María Ángeles , Altea Patricia , Miranda María-José , Casado-Díaz Antonio , Pérez-Cano Ramón , Montoya-García María-José 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and it is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Our purpose was to analyse microstructural and bone mechanics from femoral heads, markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density in T2DM patients with or without recent fragility fractures. To identify the factors that influence this risk and elucidate diabetes-induced alterations in trabecular bone microarchitecture and bone turnover markers.Methods: The studied population consisted of 28 patients, divided in 4 groups: 6 subjects with hip fracture (OP) without T2DM, 8 patients with hip fracture and T2DM (OP-T2DM), 7 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) without T2DM and 7 patients OA and with T2DM (OA-T2DM). Bone markers, bone mineral density, FRAX score, microstructural and bone material strength from femoral heads and were assessed. Results: The group with hip fracture presented lower BMD values ​​than OA (p <0.05). The OP, OP-T2DM and OA-T2DM groups showed a decrease in bone volume fraction (BV/TV); trabecular number (Tb.N); trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and increase of the structural model index (SMI) and trabecular bone pattern factor (Tb.Pf), as microstructure results and Young's modulus or elastic modulus; toughness; ultimate stress; ultimate load; extrinsic stiffness and work to failure, as biomechanical results, regarding OA patients (p <0.05).Conclusion: Our results show the negative effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on trabecular bone structure and mechanical properties. These results emphasize the importance of evaluating diabetic bones using not only bone markers and bone mass, but also bone quality parameters. Therefore, diabetes should be included as a risk factor for osteoporotic fracture in daily clinical practice and in the FRAX tool.
Which Factors Are Associated With the Prevalence of Meniscal Repair?
Authors: Song Xiaoxiao , Chen Dongyang , Qi Xinsheng , Jiang Qing , Xia Caiwei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the potential factors associated with the prevalence of meniscal repairMethodsPatients who received partial menisectomy or meniscal repair in our institution from Jan 2015 to Dec 2019 were included in current study. The inclusion criteria were (1) meniscus tear treated using meniscetomy or repair, (2) with or without concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, (3) not multiligamentous injury. Demographic data, including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), injury-to-surgery interval and intra-articular factors such as the location of injury, medial or lateral, ACL rupture or not and the option of procedure (partial meniscetomy or repair) were documented from medical records. Univariate analysis consisted of chi-square. Multivariate logistic regression was then performed to adjust for confounding factors.Results592 patients including 399 males and 193 females with a mean age of 28.7 years (range from 10 to 75 years) were included in current study. In the univariate analysis, male (p=0.002), patients aged 40 years or younger (p<0.001), increased weight (p=0.010), Posterior meniscus torn (0.011), concurrent ACL ruputure (p<0.001), lateral meniscus (p=0.039)and early surgery (p<0.001) were all associated with the prevalence of meniscal repair. However, After adjusting for confounding factors, we found that age (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17 - 0.68, p=0.002), ACL injury (OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.97 – 7.21, p<0.001), side of menisci (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.43 – 7.55, p=0.005), site of tear (OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.07 – 0.32, p<0.001), and duration of injury (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28 – 0.82, p=0.008) were associated with the prevalence of meniscus repair. ConclusionsMeniscal tear in aged patients especially those with concomitant ACL injury is likely to be repaired. Additionally, in order to increase the prevalence of repair and slow down progression of OA, the surgical procedure should be performed within two weeks after meniscus tear especially when the tear is located at lateral meniscal posterior.Study DesignCase-control study; level of evidence, 3.
Hot extremes have become drier in the US Southwest
Authors: McKinnon Karen , Poppick Andrew , Simpson Isla 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The impacts of summer heat extremes are mediated by the moisture content of the atmosphere. Increases in temperatures due to human-caused climate change are generally expected to increase specific humidity; however, it remains unclear how humidity extremes may change, especially in climatologically dry regions. Here, using in situ measurements and reanalyses, we show that specific humidity on low humidity days in the American Southwest has decreased over the past seven decades, and that the greatest decreases co-occur with the hottest temperatures. Hot, dry summers have anomalously low evapotranspiration that is linked to low summer soil moisture. The recent decrease in summer soil moisture is explained by declines in pre-summer soil moisture, whereas the interannual variability is controlled by summer precipitation. Climate models project continued declines in pre-summer soil moisture but increases in summer precipitation, leading to uncertainty as to how summer soil moisture and hot, dry days will change in the future.
Midterm Outcome after Posterior Stabilization of Unstable Midthoracic Spine Fractures in the Elderly
Authors: Spiegl Ulrich J , Hölbing Pia-Luise , Jarvers Jan-Sven , Höh Nicolas von der , Pieroh Philipp , Osterhoff Georg , Heyde Christoph-Eckhard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The evidence for the treatment of midthoracic fractures in elderly patients is weak. The aim of this study was to evaluate midterm results after posterior stabilization of unstable midthoracic fractures in the elderly.Methods: Retrospectively, all patients aged ≥65 suffering from an acute unstable midthoracic fracture treated with posterior stabilization were included. Trauma mechanism, ASA score, concomitant injuries, ODI score and radiographic loss of reduction were evaluated. Posterior stabilization strategy was divided into short-segmental stabilization (SSS) and long-segmental stabilization (LSS). Results: Fifty-nine patients (76.9 ± 6.3 years; 51% female) were included. The fracture was caused by a low-energy trauma mechanism in 22 patients (35.6%). Twenty-one patients died during the follow-up period (35.6%). Remaining patients (n=38) were followed up after a mean of 60 months. Patients who died were significantly older (p = 0.01) and had significantly higher ASA scores (p = 0.02). Adjacent thoracic cage fractures had no effect on mortality or outcome scores. A total of 12 sequential vertebral fractures occurred (35.3%). The mean ODI at the latest follow up was 31.3 ± 24.7, the mean regional sagittal loss of reduction was 5.1° (± 4.0). Patients treated with LSS had a significantly lower rate of sequential vertebral fractures during follow-up (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Unstable fractures of the midthoracic are associated with high rates of thoracic cage injuries. The mortality rate was rather high. The majority of the survivors had minimal to moderate disabilities. Thereby, patients treated with LSS had a significantly lower rate of sequential vertebral body fractures during follow-up.
Post-Operative Radiculitis Following One or Two Level Anterior Lumbar Surgery with or without Posterior Instrumentation
Authors: Griffith Matthew S. , Shaw Kenneth A , Burke Brian , Jackson Keith Lynn , Gloystein David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) has evolved as a treatment strategy for a multitude of lumbar spine conditions. To date, two studies have identified radiculitis as a complication associated with ALIF procedures, but they do not outline a time to resolution. There have been no reports, of postoperative traction radiculitis in patients following anterior lumbar procedures.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed seventy patients who underwent anterior lumbar procedures by two surgeons. Using the Farfan ratio we calculated preoperative to postoperative change in disc height. We determined post-operative radiculitis symptoms from review of follow up notes. We also determined the type of graft used in fusion patients.Results: 70 patients were initially identified with 12 being excluded. This left 58 to be included in the study. Twenty-one patients (36.2%) developed postoperative radiculitis. There was a moderate to strong correlation with height change and radiculitis (p=0.044). Patients treated with rhBMP-2 had a rate of 36.5% post-operative radiculitis when compared to a rate of 17% for patients fused without rhBMP-2. The number of patients treated without rhBMP-2 were too few to perform statistical analysis, however. All radiculitis resolved by the 3 month follow up appointment.Conclusion: This study shows that there is a 36.2% rate of radiculitis following anterior lumbar procedures. There is a correlation between disc height change and postoperative radiculitis following anterior lumbar procedures. There also appears to be a relationship to the use of rhBMP-2. All radiculitis resolved by 3 months.
Management Trend and Attitude Regarding Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture: A Comparative Study Between Surgeons and Internists
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Fan Junjun , Liu Tao , Sun Siguo , Li Xiaoxiang , Liao Bo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is the most common form of osteoporotic fracture, both surgeons and internists included in the management of that. This study aimed to identify whether a discrepancy exists between spinal surgeons and internists in the diagnosis and management of OVCF.Method: This comparative study included 124 spinal surgeons and 47 internists in the WeChat group of the Society of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research. They were sent a self-administered electronic questionnaire that asked about practice pattern, diagnosis trend, and management choice in OVCF management. The validity of the survey was examined in advance.Results: A significantly higher percentage of surgeons obtained T2-weighted images scan with fat suppression than internists. A significantly higher proportion of spinal surgeons provided surgical treatment as first-line treatment and considered fracture as the most important aspect in OVCF management than internist. No significant difference was observed in the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, in performing laboratory examination, or in the collaboration rate between the two groups.Conclusion: Differences exist between internists and spinal surgeons in imaging diagnosis, choice of therapeutic schedule, and attitude to osteoporosis treatment in the management of OVCF.
Comparison Between USGS PSHA&nbsp;Modification and Openquake in Determining Bedrock Acceleration With Probability of Exceedance 2% 50 Years, Case Study: Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Syahbana Arifan Jaya , Sari Anggun Mayang , Saputra Okta Fajar , Aditramulyadi Dega Damara , Irsyam Masyhur , Hendriyawan Hendriyawan , Asrurifak M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Several destructive earthquake events with large magnitude struck Central Sulawesi, Indonesia include on August 23, 1982 (5.4 Mw), October 25, 1983 (5.8 Mw), October 31, 1983 (6.0 Mw), July 22 1996 (7.0 Mw), September 28, 1997 (5.9 Mw), October 10, 1998 (6.1 Mw), May 4, 2000 (6.5 Mw), May 8, 2010 (5.8 Mw), February 15, 2011 (6.1 Mw), May 29, 2017 (6.6Mw) and September 28, 2018 (5.9Mw; 7.4Mw). Especially in the last incident, there was an interesting phenomenon, the occurrence of tsunamis with the cause of the mechanism of strike-slip and liquefaction with a deformation reaching several hundred meters. With the effects of the earthquake, this paper aims to review the earthquake side, especially the acceleration study in bedrock using the modified USGS PSHA software in attenuation (GMPE) and OpenQuake for 2475 years return period (2% probability exceeded in 50 years). The earthquake data used was the 1900-2016 earthquake catalog adopted by the Indonesian National Earthquake Study Center. The results obtained are earthquake acceleration using modified USGS PSHA generate greater value mainly in areas close to Batui Fault. In the combination analysis conducted at the end of this study, the acceleration range values are the same as the 2017 Indonesia Earthquake Map. Still, they have different zonation patterns in the central part of Central Sulawesi Province, where there is an enlarged zone of 0.6-0.7g.
Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns and Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) in Children
Authors: Shareghfarid Elham , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Mirhoseini Hamid , Mirzaei Masoud , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is the most common chronic mental and behavioral disorder among children. We aimed to derive major dietary patterns in relation with ADHD through a case-control study. Method: Participants were selected from age-gender matched children and adolescents who were categorized into case (n = 120) and control groups (n = 240). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition was used to diagnose ADHD. Food frequency questionnaire and principal component analysis were used to measure food intake and identify major dietary patterns, respectively. Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified: Factor 1, with high loads of snack, fast foods, refined grains, and sweetened beverages was labeled “snack-fast food” dietary pattern. Factor 2, with high loadings of fish, low fat dairy, and legumes was tagged “fish-low fat dairy” dietary pattern. Factor 3, with high positive loads of yellow-red vegetables, other vegetables, pickles, and nuts, but high negative loadings for refined grain and sweets was named “vegetable-nuts” dietary pattern. The snack-fast food dietary pattern significantly increased odds of ADHD in fully adjusted model (odds ratio [OR], 3.30; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.39-7.84; P for trend < 0.001). Fish and low fat dairy products dietary pattern is protectively associated with ADHD (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19-0.91; P for trend = 0.02). Vegetable and nut dietary pattern showed no significant relation with possibility of ADHD (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.40-1.90; P for trend = 0.53). Conclusions: Children are suggested to reduce intake of snack and fast food dietary pattern and increase fish and low fat dairy products, and legumes to reduce the chance of ADHD.
Neonatal Outcomes Among Survivors of Twin-twin Transfusion Syndrome After Single Fetal Demise
Authors: Lin Ya-Lan , Hung Yi-Li , Shen Chung-Min , Hsieh Wu-Shiun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is due to unbalanced inter-twin blood flow. We aimed to evaluate neonatal outcomes among surviving co-twins of TTTS without fetal laser photocoagulation after single-twin intrauterine fetal demise (sIUFD). All patients admitted between January 2014 and December 2017 to the neonatal intensive care unit of a medical center were recruited. Moreover, a comprehensive literature review of PubMed from 1993 to 2020 was performed. Medical records of 124 patients were retrieved, including 119 from published literature and five from our institution. Seventy-three (58.8%) patients were born prematurely. In addition, twenty-four (19.3 %) patients presented with anemia at birth, and seventeen (13.7%), four (3.2%), and four (3.2%) neonates had intracranial lesions, acute kidney injury, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract dysmotility, respectively. The overall survival rate was 69.4 %. Among our cases, we found that the hemoglobin level at birth was positively correlated with the duration between co-twin intrauterine fetal demise and the delivery time of the surviving co-twins (rs=0.9, p=0.037). Conclusions: High morbidity and mortality rates were observed among co-twins of TTTS after sIUFD without laser photocoagulation. The shorter duration between diagnosis of sIUFD and surviving twin delivery resulted in more severe anemia.
The Clinical Significance of Interleukin-6, C-reactive Protein, and Procalcitonin in the Early Recognition of Nosocomial Infections in Preterm Infants
Authors: Cui Xuewei , Shi Yongyan , Zhao Xinyi , Xue Xindong , Fu Jianhua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This study assessed the clinical value of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) for early recognition of nosocomial infections in preterm infants.Methods: 120 neonates were enrolled, 89 with sepsis were compared with 31 noninfected controls. IL-6, CRP and PCT were measured at certain stages of infection. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the best cutoff values of IL-6, CRP, and PCT for diagnosing sepsis.Results: The levels of IL-6, CRP, and PCT in the sepsis group were significantly higher than those in the control group before antibiotic treatment. In the sepsis group, IL-6 peaked 6 hours after the infection onset and dropped to normal 24–48 hours after the infection was controlled. The best cutoff values of IL-6, CRP, and PCT were >99.6 pg/mL, >9.27 mg/L, and >2.33 ng/mL, respectively. The areas under the ROC curves were 0.888, 0.823, and 0.953, respectively.When PCT was combined with IL-6 or IL-6 and CRP, the sensitivity and specificity were >85%.Conclusion: IL-6, CRP, and PCT are reliable indicators for early diagnosis of nosocomial infections in preterm infants. Combining PCT and IL-6 CRP, IL-6, and PCT levels could improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis.