bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical and Chemical Na+/Li+ Ion Exchange in Na-Based Cathode Materials
Authors: Kosova Nina V. , Tsapina Anna M. , Petrov Sergey A. , Slobodyuk Arseny B. 
Published: February 2020

Sodium-based insertion materials are of interest for low-cost and large-scale Na- and Li-ion batteries. Substantial research effort has been invested during the previous years to produce electrode materials for sodium batteries that will allow for facile intercalation of Na-ions at suitable potentials. Amongst the cathode materials investigated, a variety of layered oxides (e.g. NaxCoO2, NaCrO2, NaVO2, Nax[Fe0.5Mn0.5]O2) and polyanionic compounds (e.g. NaFePO4, Na3V2(PO4)3, Na2FePO4F, NaFeSO4F) have been reported. The ability of these materials for facile Na+/Li+ ion exchange has been also revealed [1]. Recently, sodium vanadium fluorophosphates [2-5] and sodium iron pyrophosphate [6,7] have been examined and showed good electrochemical properties in Na-cells. The aim of the present work was to investigate electrochemical and chemical Na+/Li+ ion exchange in these materials.
Sodium vanadium fluorophosphates Na1+yVPO4F1+y (0≤y≤0.5) and sodium iron pyrophosphate Na2FeP2O7 were prepared by mechanochemically assisted solid state synthesis using high-energy AGO-2 planetary mill. The activated mixtures were subsequently heat treated at 600-700 °C in Ar flow. Structure and morphology of the as-prepared materials were analyzed by XRD with Rietveld refinement using GSAS and TOPAS software packages, SEM, FTIR, Mössbauer, 23Na and 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy. Electrochemical Na+/Li+ ion exchange was studied by galvanostatic cycling in Li+ cells with Li as an anode and LiPF6 dissolved in EC+DMC as an electrolyte. Non-oxidative chemical ion exchange was carried out in the solution of LiBr in acetonitrile for 24 h. Ex situ XRD, EDX, Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopy studies were carried out to control the phase and structural transformations. Structure of the as-obtained mixed Na/Li compositions was compared with that of the correspondent lithium compounds [8].
[1] N.V. Kosova, V.R. Podugolnikov, E.T. Devyatkina, A.B. Slobodyuk, Mater. Res. Bull. 60 (2014) 849.
[2] J. Barker, M.Y. Saidi, J.L. Swoyer, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 6 (2003) A1-A4.
[3] J.M. Le Meins, M.P. Crosnier-Lopez, A. Hemon-Ribaud, G. Courbion, J. Solid State Chem. 148 (1999) 260.
[4] J. Barker, R.K.B. Gover, P. Burns, A.J. Bryan, Electrochem. Solid-State Letters 9 (2006) A190.
[5] M. Bianchini, N. Brisset, F. Fauth, F. Weill, E. Elkaim, E. Suard, C. Masquelier, L. Croguennec, Chem. Mater. 26 (2014) 4238.
[6] P. Barpanda, T. Ye, S. Nishimura, S. Chung, Y. Yamada, M. Okubo, H. Zhou, A. Yamada, Electrochem. Commun. 24 (2012) 116.
[7] T. Honma, A. Sato, N. Ito, T. Togashi, K. Shinozaki, T. Komatsu, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 404 (2014) 26.
[8] N.V. Kosova, A.M. Tsapina, A.B. Slobodyuk, S.A. Petrov, Electrochim. Acta 174 (2015) 1278.
Reversible Sodium Storage Mechanism of Aromatic Diimide Disodium Carboxylates
Authors: Veerababu Medabalmi , Varadaraju U V , Ramanujam Kothandaraman 
Published: February 2020

Sodium- ion batteries have attracted attention in recent times due to sodium is highly abundant and cost effective in comparison to lithium. However the traditional inorganic based electrode materials suffering due to the constraint imposed by their structural aspects and scarcity of resources. Hence researchers focus on alternative electrode materials which could be synthesized from renewable sources via eco-friendly processes [1]. Recently redox active organic materials have gained great interest in energy storage and conversion field, particularly Na-ion batteries due to their structural diversity, eco-friendly processability and resource renewability [2]. In this connection we report imide carboxylate based sodium salts namely, disodium N, N'-bis (glycinyl) pyromellitic diimide (Na2-BPDI) and disodium N, N'-bis (glycinyl) naphthalene diimide (Na2-BNDI) as electrode materials for Na-ion batteries for the first time. These compounds are easily synthesizable and most stable at ambient conditions. Among two compounds Na2-BNDI delivered a stable reversible capacity of 122 mAh g-1
at a current density of 50 mA g-1 (Fig.1), where as a marginal capacity fading was observed upon cycling in the case of Na2-BPDI. This capacity fading is due to change in unit cell volume followed by decomposition mechanism involved during the cycling and it is confirmed by ex-situ 1H NMR, IR and XRD.
References
[1] Haiyan Chen, Michel Armand, Jean-Marie Tarascon and Philippe Poizot, J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 31(2009) 8984–8988.
[2] S. Renault, S. Gottis, A.-L. Barrès, M. Courty, O. Chauvet, F. Dolhem, P. Poizot, Energy Environ. Sci. 6 (2013) 2124-2133

Figure 1
New Facile Microwave-Assisted Technique for Chemical Intercalation of Multivalent Cations, Mg2+ and Zn2+, into Cathode Materials for Multivalent-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kaveevivitchai Watchareeya , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: February 2020

Due to a significantly increasing demand for large-scale energy storage units especially for the power grid and sustainable vehicles, systems that are beyond lithium chemistry have gained much attention in recent years. New secondary battery chemistries based on multivalent cation charge carriers, such as Mg2+ and Zn2+, which involve more than one electron transfer, may lead to higher specific capacity and energy density. They are also relatively abundant, inexpensive, and offer superior safety compared to lithium when exposed to air. Despite the advantages of these systems over lithium chemistry, the development of multivalent-ion rechargeable batteries has been hampered by a variety of intrinsic problems related to the design and synthesis of multivalent intercalation cathodes. An approach to developing electrode materials that can reversibly insert multivalent cations is to chemically intercalate ions such as Mg2+ and Zn2+ into a host structure with a highly open framework or large interlayer distance, thus allowing facile multivalent-ion transport. As a result, the inserted Mg2+ or Zn2+cations inside the host structure can serve as charge carriers in energy storage systems.
Traditionally, chemical intercalation is done by using organometallic reagents in heptane or hexane, such as di-n-butylmagnesium for Mg2+ and dimethylzinc or diethylzinc for Zn2+ by constant stirring the solution for 1‒2 weeks. These organometallic compounds are, however, known to be moisture-sensitive and react violently with water, thus raising safety concerns. We present here a new microwave-assisted chemical insertion technique, using the corresponding metal acetate as a metal ion source and diethylene glycol (DEG) as a reducing agent. This approach has been successfully demonstrated in microporous Mo2.5+yVO9+z
host framework with large open channels. Mo2.5+yVO9+z with tunnels constructed by three-, six-, and seven-membered ring units of MO6 octahedra (M = Mo5+/6+ or V4+/5+) belongs to the family of isostructural MoVNbTeO compounds, which are very active oxidation catalysts for light alkanes due to the redox activities of Mo and V. With this microwave-assisted technique, divalent-ion-inserted compounds AxMo2.5+yVO9+z (A = Mg, Zn, 0 < x ≤ 3) can be prepared in as little as 30 min at 160‒200 ºC. The Mg-inserted compounds MgxMo2.5+yVO9+z (0 < x ≤ 3) thus obtained have been investigated as cathode materials in Mg-ion batteries. Our preliminary results suggest that the inserted Mg2+ ions can be removed electrochemically from the framework and reinserted for many cycles.This novel process offers a fast, inexpensive, easily scalable method to insert multivalent metal ions using relatively much safer chemicals which can be carried out in ambient atmosphere.
A Foldable Lithium-Sulfur Battery
Authors: Li Lu , Koratkar Nikhil 
Published: February 2020

The next generation of deformable and shape-conformable electronics devices will need to be powered by batteries that are not only flexible but also foldable. Here we report a foldable Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) rechargeable battery, with the highest areal capacity (~3 mAh cm-2) reported to date among all types of foldable energy-storage devices. The key to this result lies in the use of fully-foldable and super-elastic carbon nanotube current-collector films and impregnation of the active materials (S and Li) into the current-collectors in a checkerboard pattern, enabling the battery to be folded along two mutually orthogonal directions. The carbon nanotube films also serve as the sulfur entrapment layer in the Li-S battery. The foldable battery showed < 12% loss in specific capacity over 100 continuous folding and unfolding cycles. Such shape-conformable Li-S batteries with significantly greater energy density than traditional lithium-ion batteries could power the flexible and foldable devices of the future including laptops, cell-phones, tablet computers, surgical tools and implantable bio-medical devices.
Understanding Lithium Sulfur Cells, Modelling the Mechanisms behind Voltage- and Capacity-Drop during Discharge
Authors: Offer Gregory James , Zhang Teng , Marinescu Monica , Minton Geraint , Purkayastha Rajlakshmi , O'Neill Laura , Wild Mark 
Published: February 2020

The lithium-sulphur (Li-S) cell could provide the next step-change in battery technology with a promising practical energy density of 500-600 Wh/kg. However, a lack of understanding of the complex electrochemical, transport, and phase-change phenomena in Li-S cells is arguably holding back development. Acquiring this knowledge requires experimental characterizations in tandem with mechanistic modelling. In this presentation, we will give an overview of our work on understanding and modelling lithium sulfur cells, and include our latest work on models that capture the essential features of lithium sulfur cell performance. We will also discuss how these models are being used to increase the useable performance of lithium sulfur cells, inform cell design and materials selection, and to create reduced order models for control and system design.
Existing Li-S models do not sufficiently capture the voltage- and capacity-drop mechanisms of Li-S cells during discharge. We first demonstrate that introducing a concentration dependence of the electrolyte conductivity is necessary to retrieve the experimentally documented trends in electrolyte resistance, which contributes to a major voltage-loss mechanism for high-energy density Li-S cells. We further illustrate the existence of an often overlooked potential drop mechanism – the ‘precipitation overpotential’ – which originates from the limited rate of lithium sulphide precipitation. In addition, we propose that the rate capability of high energy-density Li-S cells is mainly limited by the slow transport of ionic species, as is evident from the good agreement between experimental and model-predicted capacity loss at high discharge currents as well as a cell capacity recovery phenomenon that we report for the first time.
References:
Modeling the voltage loss mechanisms in lithium-sulfur cells: the importance of electrolyte resistance and precipitation kinetics, T. Zhang, M. Marinescu, M. Wild, L. O’Neill, and G. J. Offer, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 22581 (2015).
A zero dimensional model of lithium-sulfur batteries during charge and discharge, M. Marinescu, T. Zhang, G. J. Offer, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, advance article.
Lithium Sulfur Batteries, A Mechanistic Review, M. Wild, L. O’Neill, T. Zhang, R. Purkayastha, G. Minton, M. Marinescu and G. J. Offer Energy & Environmental Science, 2015, 8, 3477 - 3494
The High Performance Silicon Anodes Including New Water Based Binder in Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Soo Jung , Kim Nam Seon , Han Sang Wook , Choi Kwang Shik 
Published: February 2020

Silicon based negative active material has very high charge capacity and is widely applied to a high capacity battery.
However, the silicon based negative active material may expand by about 300% to about 400% during charge and discharge.
Recently much attention has been devoted developing functional binders that can improve adhesion on silicon particle and accommodate substantial volume change during the charge/discharge process to maintain the electrode structure.
The binders for silicon electrodes hold stiff polymeric backbones as like carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), poly(acrylic acid), and alginate show better electrochemical performance than commercial binders.
Despite promising progress, the current research on polymer binders for silicon is still far from the practical application where high mass loading is necessary for the high areal capacity.
Here we report high performance silicon anodes using new water based binder including inorganic binder.
This polymer matrix is compatible with lithium ion slurry manufacturing process, and can maintain both electric conductivity and mechanical integrity during the battery operation which results in good stability, rate capability, and cycle-life characteristics at high mass loading (>4.5 mg/cm2).
Novel Nanostructured Materials for Metal-Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Zhaolin 
Published: February 2020

This talk will focus on the design and synthesis of nanostructured non-precious metal-based hybrid catalysts for metal-air batteries. The presentation will describe some our works in nanostructured hybrid bifunctional electrocatalysts as air electrode for Zn-air rechargeable batteries, as well as nanostructured porous perovskite and spinel metal oxide catalytic materials as air electrode for Li-air batteries.
In this presentation, I will introduce the fundamental and the most recent and significant scientific progresses made in the fields relevant to Zn-air and Li-air batteries, with emphasis placed on air electrodes. The preparation of MnO2 nanotubes functionalized with Co3O4 nanoparticles and their use as bifunctional air cathode catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in rechargeable zinc-air batteries will be reported. These hybrid MnO2/Co3O4 nanomaterials exhibit enhanced catalytic reactivity toward oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline conditions compared with that in the presence of MnO2 nanotubes or Co3O4 nanoparticles alone. Other bifunctional catalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions in Zn-air batteries include spinel MnCo2O4/ nanocarbon hybrids, perovskite lanthanum cobalt manganese oxides/nanocarbon hybrids (LCMO/NC), Co3O4 nanoparticles decorated carbon nanofiber and cobalt sulphide/N- or S-doped grapheme etc. I also will report porous cobalt-manganese oxide nanocubes derived from metal organic frameworks and porous perovskite LaNiO3 nanocubes as cathode catalysts for rechargeable Li-O2 batteries.
Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: High Loading Cathode, New Electrolyte and Non-Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Lu Dongping , Xiao Jie , Li Qiuyan , Ferrara Seth A , Shao Yuyan , Graff Gordon L , Liu Jun , Zhang Ji-Guang 
Published: February 2020

Lithium sulfur battery (Li-S) has attracted intensive interest in recent years due to its high specific capacity, low cost, and abundant resources of sulfur. Theoretically, a high specific capacity of 1675 mAh g-1 and a specific energy of 2567 Wh kg-1 are expected for sulfur cathode. Practically, the energy density of Li-S battery is projected to be two to three times higher than that of state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries (180 Wh kg-1). However, the commercial applications of Li-S batteries are still hindered by several challenges.2 One is that with elevated sulfur loading above 3 mg/cm2, which is essential for high energy applications, new problems occur including the cathode cracking, electrode wetting and low sulfur utilization rate. The second and more detrimental issue that limits Li-S cell performance is interfacial stability and cycling reversibility of lithium metal anode, which easily reacts with both electrolyte solvents and the formed polysulfides during battery cycling and leads to unavoidable shuttle and continuous consumption of active sulfur species. These side reactions are significantly exacerbated under conditions of coupling with high-areal loading sulfur cathode and/or cycled at elevated current densities. As a result, thick and porous interface will be quickly built up on lithium anode and leads to quick impedance increase and thus fast capacity decay of the battery.3 The third problem is the amount of electrolyte required for full dissolution of the polysulfides. The dissolved polysulfides cause endless shuttle and continuous Li anode corrosion due to the lack of effective solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on lithium. In addition, the large amount of electrolyte significantly lowers the energy density of the battery, which is undesired for high-efficient portable devices or electric vehicle energy storage applications
To overcome the aforementioned hurdles in Li-S batteries, multiple approaches have been proposed and successfully demonstrated by our group, spanning from sulfur cathode, anode and electrolyte. At the meeting, we will present our recent progresses on the Li-S battery system including the rational design of carbon/sulfur composite for large area and high loading sulfur cathode preparation, alternative non-Li anode materials for Li-ion sulfur batteries, and development of new electrolyte.
References
1. Ji X, Lee KT, Nazar LF. A highly ordered nanostructured carbon-sulphur cathode for lithium-sulphur batteries. Nat Mater 2009, 8(6): 500-506.
2. Lv D, Zheng J, Li Q, Xie X, Ferrara S, Nie Z, et al. High Energy Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Challenges of Thick Sulfur Cathodes. Advanced Energy Materials 2015, 5,1402290.
3. Lv D, Shao Y, Lozano T, Bennett WD, Graff GL, Polzin B, et al. Failure Mechanism for Fast-Charged Lithium Metal Batteries with Liquid Electrolytes. Advanced Energy Materials 2015, 5,1400993.
Ladder-Inspired SnO-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Sulfur Impregnation as Robust Cathode Material for High-Rate Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kim A-Young , Kim Min Kyu , Kim Ji Young , Jin Ik-Kyu , Wen Yuren , Gu Lin , Choi Ho-Suk , Byun Dongjin , Lee Joong Kee 
Published: February 2020

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has the theoretical potential to surpass lithium-ion batteries in terms of capacity and energy density for applications in electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. However several drawbacks prevent it from practical application, such as (1) the low electrical conductivity of both sulfur (5 × 10–3 S cm–1), (2) the large volume expansion (about 80%) during lithiation, (3) the intermediate lithium polysulfides (Li2Sx, 3 ≤ x ≤ 8). During the cycling process, the soluble lithium polysulfides may migrate to the anode side by the “shuttle effect”, resulting in significant irreversible capacity loss and corrosion on the lithium metal anode [1]. Many strategies have been developed to enhance the conductivity of sulfur and suppress the dissolution of polysulfides. The carbon host materials used in Li-S cathodes, despite their excellent electrical and mechanical performances, still demonstrate drawbacks such as rapid capacity fading under cycling and reduced entrapment of polysulfide, leading to decreased rate capability [2]. Therefore, a hybrid design is required for a robust cathode material with high conductivity and low volume change during lithiation-delithiation process.
Here, we present ladder-inspired multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) filled with tin monoxide (SnO) nanoparticles as a new host material. The MWCNT-SnO/S electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical performance such as stable cycling performance and high rate capability. In situ transmission electron microscopy results indicate that the ladder-inspired MWCNT-SnO host efficiently suppresses volume expansion during lithiation and reduces polysulfide dissolution. Furthermore, the ordered SnO nanoparticles facilitate fast electron and ion transfers during the redox reactions, due to act as connecting links between the walls of MWCNT. This development approach can also be applied to other energy storage devices, including lithium-ion batteries and hybrid supercapacitors.

References

[1] H. Yamin, A. Gorenshtein, J. Penciner, Y. Sternberg, E. Peled, J. Electrochem. Soc. 135 (1988) 1045-1048.
[2] Y. Yang, G. Y. Zheng, Y. Cui, Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 (2013) 3018-3032.
Ultrafast Charging & Superb Cycle Life Battery Technology Leads to EV Consumer Satisfaction
Authors: Mattis Wenjuan Liu 
Published: February 2020

Li-ion batteries are one of the most potential candidates as the energy storage devices mainly due to their high energy densities with fairly good rate capabilities and a fairly long cycle life. This technology both drives and is driven by applications, from small sized mobile devices of information technology to large-scale electric vehicles (xEVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). Each application target has its own specification so that electrode materials should be chosen to meet requirements of the corresponding application. In this presentation, I will introduce Microvast Inc's ultrafast charging & superb cycle life battery technology which leads to EV consumer satisfaction. Microvast has developed a roadmap to the electrified future we all hope to see.
Lithium ion Batteries-supercapacitor Hybrid
Authors: Caban-Huertas Zahilia , Dubal Deepak P. , Gómez-Romero Pedro 
Published: February 2020

Since their introduction, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have become ubiquitous for powering portable electronic devices. However, the charging rate of graphite (by far the most common anode material) is limited by lithium diffusion into the material.
A critical issue of LIBs technology is the low theoretical specific capacity of conventional graphite anodes, limited to 372 mAh/g1. For this reason, a large fraction of current research is focusing on alternative anode materials
Thus, surface engineering of carbon particles (active material design) and modification of carbon electrode structure (electrode design) are necessary to alleviate these critical limiting factors. Herein, we are providing a novel synthetic approach to obtain N-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) starting from the synthesis of polypyrrole nanotubes (PPy-NTs) followed by pyrolysis. This approach leads to materials and electrodes with the highly porous nature of PPy-NTs and great graphitic texture with copious heteroatom functionalities2.
The N-CNTs were used as the negative electrode coupled with a positive C-LFP (C-coated LiFePO4) with a fractal granularity, prepared in our lab through an eco-friendly water-based synthesis, resulting in a hybrid device with good electrochemical properties.
References
1. Scrosati, B. & Garche, J. Lithium batteries: Status, prospects and future. Journal of Power Sources
195, 2419-2430 (2010).
2. Dubal, D.P. et al. Synthetic approach from polypyrrole nanotubes to nitrogen doped pyrolyzed carbon nanotubes for asymmetric supercapacitors. Journal of Power Sources
308, 158-165 (2016).