bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life for Older Persons With Cognitive Impairment After Hip Fracture Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: WANTONORO Wantonoro , KUO Wen-Yu , SHYU Yea-Ing Lotus 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Hip fractures in persons with cognitive impairments represent a major public health issue in older populations that often results in poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Purpose
The aim of this systemic review was to examine the changes in HRQoL in older, cognitively impaired patients with hip fracture who had received surgical treatment.

Methods
A literature search of PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL (EBSCO) databases was conducted for studies published up to July 2018 that addressed the issue of HRQoL in cognitively impaired patients with hip fracture after surgery. Studies that met the following criteria were included: Patients with hip fracture were over 60 years old and had cognitive impairment or dementia, patients had undergone hip fracture repair surgery, HRQoL was determined using standardized questionnaires, a descriptive or interventional methodology was used, and the full-text article was available in English.

Results
A primary search of databases yielded 1,528 studies, 621 duplicates were removed, and the remaining 907 abstracts were screened. Thirty-four full-text articles were deemed relevant for full review; of these, 10 articles met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Cognitive impairment was found to impact negatively on the patients' HRQoL after hip fracture surgery (n = 809). Severity of cognitive impairment was correlated with deterioration in HRQoL after hospital discharge. When compared with prefracture measures of HRQoL, the greatest deterioration in HRQoL postsurgery occurred during the first 4 months after discharge. Impacts on HRQoL for patients with cognitive impairment at later time points differed depending on type of hip fracture and type of surgical treatment. However, for most of the patients, HRQoL remained relatively unchanged at 6, 12, and 24 months postdischarge.

Conclusions
We recommend nursing care interventions for older persons with cognitive impairment be initiated immediately after surgery for hip fracture to prevent a significant decline in HRQoL. Further examination of interventions that are effective in maintaining HRQoL for these patients such as interdisciplinary care is necessary. In addition, the influences of hip fracture type and surgical approach on changes in HRQoL suggest a need for further investigations to determine what contributed to the observed inconsistencies in the outcomes.
Sex Differences and Reporting of SCAT-5 Concussion Symptoms in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Bunt Stephen C. , Didehbani Nyaz , Tarkenton Tahnae , Rossetti Heidi , Hicks Cason , Vargas Bert , Silver Cheryl , Nakonezny Paul , Bell Kathleen , Batjer Hunt , Cullum C. Munro 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
To elucidate specific symptoms that may differ between adolescent female and male athletes after a sports-related concussion (SRC) and identify symptoms that may require greater clinical attention by medical and athletic staff.

Design:
Prospective.

Setting:
This study is part of a larger research project conducted at clinics in the North Texas Concussion Network (ConTex) Registry.

Participants:
Subjects (N = 491) aged 12 to 18 years who sustained a diagnosed SRC within 30 days of clinic visit.

Independent Variables:
Sex (female vs male). Covariates included age, race, current mood (anxiety and depression), learning disability/ADHD, and time to clinic.

Main Outcome Measures:
Twenty-two individual postconcussion symptoms as measured by the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale from the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 (SCAT-5).

Results:
Girls endorsed higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms at initial clinic visit. analysis of covariance results revealed that girls had significantly greater symptom severity of headache, dizziness, sensitivity to light, sensitivity to noise, pressure in the head, feeling slowed down, fatigue, and drowsiness than boys. Ordinal logistic regression results also revealed that girls had significantly greater predicted odds of higher symptom severity on these 8 symptoms and in trouble concentrating than boys.

Conclusions:
Closer examination of specific symptoms with attention to patients' current levels of anxiety and depression symptoms may better inform medical and athletic staff to anticipate and address symptoms that may present greater challenges for adolescent girls than boys.
Audiometric Predictors of Bothersome Tinnitus in a Large Clinical Cohort of Adults With Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Lewis Rebecca M. , Jahn Kelly N. , Parthasarathy Aravindakshan , Goedicke William B. , Polley Daniel B. 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
To identify demographic and audiometric predictors of bothersome tinnitus within a large clinical cohort.

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Tertiary care hospital.

Patients:
51,989 English-speaking patients between 18 and 80 years of age that received initial audiometric evaluations at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary between the years 2000 and 2016.

Main Outcome Measures:
Patients were categorized according to whether or not tinnitus was the primary reason for their visit. The likelihood of tinnitus as a primary complaint (TPC) was evaluated as a function of age, sex, and audiometric configuration. Patient-reported tinnitus percepts were qualitatively assessed in relation to audiometric configuration.

Results:
Approximately 20% of adults who presented for an initial hearing evaluation reported TPC. The prevalence of TPC increased with advancing age until approximately 50 to 54 years, and then declined thereafter. In general, men were significantly more likely to report TPC than women. TPC was statistically associated with specific audiogram configurations. In particular, TPC was most prevalent for notched and steeply sloping hearing losses, but was relatively uncommon in adults with flat losses. Patients with frequency-restricted threshold shifts often reported tonal tinnitus percepts, while patients with asymmetric configurations tended to report broadband percepts.

Conclusions:
The probability of seeking audiological evaluation for bothersome tinnitus is highest for males, middle-aged patients, and those with notched or high-frequency hearing losses. These findings support the theory that tinnitus arises from sharp discontinuities in peripheral afferent innervation and cochlear amplification, which may induce topographically restricted changes in the central auditory pathway.
A Mouse Model of Tinnitus Using Gap Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle in an Accelerated Hearing Loss Strain
Authors: Park So Young , Kim Min Jung , Park Jung Mee , Park Shi Nae 
Published: January 2020

Hypothesis:
To develop a mouse model for temporary and persistent tinnitus using the gap startle paradigm.

Background:
Behavioral animal models for tinnitus are classified into conditioning- and reflex-based types. Gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS) is based on the acoustic startle modification by a silent gap and gap detection deficit caused by tinnitus gap filling.

Methods:
We used C57BL/6J mice inherently susceptible to hearing loss and potentially predisposed to tinnitus. They were divided into the control, salicylate-induced tinnitus, and noise-induced tinnitus groups. Mice were tested with the auditory brainstem response at four frequencies (8, 16, 24, and 32 kHz) and GPIAS in three carrier conditions, 16 and 24 kHz narrow band noises (NBNs) and broadband noise, at multiple time points before and after treatment. The ratio between the gap startle and no-gap startle amplitudes was analyzed by a repeated measures design. In addition, the number of tinnitus-positive mice meeting a specified criterion was counted.

Results:
Salicylate/unilateral noise trauma resulted in temporary/permanent tinnitus evidenced by GPIAS reduction. GPIAS reduction was the most significant at 16 kHz NBN among the three carriers in both tinnitus groups. Control mice also showed good gap detection performance at 16 kHz NBN, which is in the most sensitive hearing range in mice.

Conclusion:
The GPIAS test in C57BL/6J mice was very reliable at 16 kHz NBN. This tinnitus model developed in the mouse strain of accelerated hearing loss can be used with two options of temporary and persistent tinnitus.
Piezosurgery in Translabyrinthine-Approach Exposure of the Internal Auditory Canal
Authors: Lyutenski Stefan , Bloching Marc 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
To assess the applicability of the piezoelectric device in translabyrinthine-approach exposure of the internal auditory canal.

Methods:
In three cases with vestibular schwannoma, the bone around the internal auditory canal was completely removed by means of piezosurgery. Evaluation was performed by an experienced surgeon, and a second relatively inexperienced surgeon.

Results:
Irrespective of surgical experience, piezosurgery proved to be a safe method for exposure of the internal auditory canal. Compared with the conventional procedure it provides an improved surgical view and more precise bone removal in a narrow operating field. This novel technique has the characteristics to reduce the corresponding risk of accidental slipping with consequent thermal and mechanical injury to the dura and neurovascular structures. The major disadvantage of piezosurgery is the longer time required for bone removal.

Conclusion:
The micro-oscillating piezoelectric device is a useful adjunct to the rotating burr during removal of the bone around the internal auditory canal in translabyrinthine approach. It could reduce the risk of injury to neurovascular structures at the bone-to-soft tissue interface.
Comprehensive application of high tibial osteotomy, chronic distraction tissue regeneration, and computer-assisted external fixation in the treatment of severe knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhang Weiye , Wan Chunyou , Zhang Tao , Wang Mingjie , Liu Zhao , Zhang Ningning , Zhao Yuanhang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Rationale
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common disease. It has long been believed that the main causes of KOA are knee degenerative diseases, trauma, overwork, and labor habits. However, long-term deformity leads to uneven stress on the surface of the knee joint, and the cause of lower limb force line damage has not been taken seriously. Comprehensive application of high tibial osteotomy (HTO), chronic distraction tissue regeneration, and computer-assisted external fixation for the treatment of severe KOA has many advantages over total knee arthroplasty, such as lasting and thorough orthopedic effects, a lower cost, and a faster recovery.

Patient concerns
The patient was a 48-year-old male with KOA caused by long-term genu varus, resulting in pain in both knees, especially in the right knee. The right knee pain had been aggravated for 2 years, and he was admitted to the hospital for left knee pain for 1 month.

Diagnoses
X-ray: The patient has right KOA and varus deformity

Interventions
Comprehensive application of HTO, chronic distraction tissue regeneration technology, and computer-assisted external fixation technology has a good therapeutic effect for patients with KOA and varus.

Outcomes
The patient's severe genu varus was corrected, the bone and soft tissue regeneration was good, the lower limb force line was improved, lower limb function was restored well, and the treatment was satisfactory.

Conclusion
For the treatment of KOA patients with genu varus, the combination of HTO, chronic distraction tissue regeneration, and computer-assisted adjustment of external fixation technology have a good effect on the correction of genu varus deformity and the recovery of the lower limb force line. This treatment method is also conducive to preventing postoperative infection and avoiding secondary trauma caused by the removal of internal fixation plates.
Extremity fractures in patients presenting with traumatic spinal fractures and spinal cord injury
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Wu Deluo , Xu Weijie , Zhu Yunpeng , Liu Huan , Li Changqing , Liu Jun , Ou Lan , Xiang Liangbi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Clinical features of extremity fractures (EFs) in patients presenting with traumatic spinal fractures (TSFs) and spinal cord injury (SCI) have not been investigated. To investigate the clinical features and risk factors for EFs in patients presenting with TSFs and SCI.
Data from 1392 patients presenting with TSFs and SCI in our hospitals between 2001 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed, among which 165 patients (129 males and 36 females, 37.5 ± 10.6 years old) presented with EFs. The clinical features of EFs have been investigated.
The frequencies of upper limb fractures were significantly higher in the motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) group than in the high-fall group (P = .012) and the struck-by-object group (P = .002). The frequencies of lower limb fractures were significantly higher in the struck-by-object group (P = .019) and the high-fall group (P = .011) than the MVCs group. Univariate logistic regression analysis show that being in the 19 to 39 age group (P = .001), having a lumbar spinal fracture (P < .001) and experiencing a high fall (P < .001) were risk factors for EFs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that we should focus on the factors that having a lumbar spinal fracture and experiencing a high fall.
High fall and MVCs were the most common aetiologies for EFs. Having a lumbar spinal fracture and experiencing a high fall were significant risk factors for EFs. We should make early diagnoses and initiate timely treatment according to different patterns of extremity fractures in patients with TSFs and SCI.
Intraocular infiltration of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction from the aqueous humor
Authors: Hiraoka Miki , Ohguro Hiroshi , Ikeda Hiroshi , Furuya Daisuke , Takahashi Satoshi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Intraocular manifestation of hematopoietic tumors is rare and often difficult to distinguish from inflammation. We report a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed intraocular infiltration during the remission period.

Patient concerns:
A 40-year-old man presented with hypopyon in his right eye. Three months later, extensive subretinal infiltration and the elevation of intraocular pressure were observed. Fourteen months prior to this, he had been diagnosed with Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL, and had received chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation that resulted in complete remission.

Diagnosis:
The breakpoint cluster region-Ableson (BCR/ABL) chimera was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in the patient's aqueous humor. Additionally, a high expression of WT1 (Wilms tumor gene) mRNA in the aqueous humor was discovered. A bone marrow examination yielded a high expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene, and it was determined the patient had experienced a relapse of ALL.

Interventions:
The dasatinib was administered orally to the patient.

Outcomes:
The intraocular infiltration disappeared, and intraocular pressure was normalized.

Lessons:
Intraocular infiltration in leukemia patients may be an indication of relapse regardless of systemic conditions. Analyzing mRNA expression of BCR/ABL and WT1 of ocular fluid in patients with hypopyon is beneficial in diagnosing topical relapses in leukemia.
A systematic review protocol of Tuina for children with acute bronchitis
Authors: Feng Huichao , Rong Jiao , Pei Ke , Jing Fushi , Zhuang Qian , Lu Tianjiao , Jing Fujie , Yang Jiguo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:
Acute bronchitis (AB) is a common cause of childhood morbidity. Tuina, a kind of Chinese massage, is frequently used for the treatment of AB in children by traditional Chinese medicine doctors. However, there is no relevant systematic review show its effectiveness and safety. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tuina for children with AB.

Methods:
The following electronic databases will be searched from the respective dates of database inception to January 1st, 2020: The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Springer, EMBASE, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang database, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and other sources. All published randomized controlled trials and blinded researches that are relevant to the subject of interest only will be contained. Two independent researchers will operate article retrieval, duplication removing, screening, quality evaluation, and data analyses by Review Manager (V.5.3.5). Meta-analyses, subgroup analysis and/or descriptive analysis will be performed based on the included data conditions.

Results:
High-quality synthesis and/or descriptive analysis of current evidence will be provided from the bronchitis severity score, symptom, and quality-of-life questionnaires, the questionnaire of clinical symptoms of cough and sputum, Patient Satisfaction Scale and adverse reactions.

Conclusion:
This study will provide the evidence of whether Tuina is an effective and safe intervention for children with AB.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42019140667.
Duration of Bisphosphonate Drug Holidays and Associated Fracture Risk
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Saag Kenneth G. , Arora Tarun , Wright Nicole C. , Yun Huifeng , Daigle Shanette , Matthews Robert , Delzell Elizabeth 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Discontinuation of bisphosphonates (BP) or a “drug holiday” after several years of treatment is increasingly common. However, the association of drug holiday duration with future fracture risk is unclear.

Objectives:
We evaluated the rate of fracture in relation to various lengths of drug holidays among women receiving long-term BP therapy.

Research Design:
Observational cohort study using US Medicare data 2006–2016. Incidence rates (IRs) and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the rate and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) controlling for potential confounders.

Subjects:
Women aged 65 years and above enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare who had been adherent (≥80%) to alendronate, risedronate, or zoledronate for ≥3 years.

Measures:
Hip, humerus, distal forearm, and clinical vertebral fracture.

Results:
Among 81,427 eligible women observed for a median (interquartile range) of 4.0 (2.5, 5.3) years, 28% of women underwent a drug holiday. In the alendronate cohort (73% overall), the IR of hip fracture among women who discontinued BP for >2 years was 13.2 per 1000 person-years. Risk was increased (aHR=1.3, 1.1–1.4) versus continuing therapy (IR=8.8, referent). Rates were elevated for humerus fracture with discontinuation >2 years (aHR=1.3, 1.1–1.66) and for clinical vertebral fracture with discontinuation >2 years (aHR=1.2, 1.1–1.4). Results were similar for risedronate, zoledronate, and ibandronate for hip and clinical vertebral fracture.

Conclusion:
Discontinuing alendronate beyond 2 years was associated with increased risk of hip, humerus, and clinical vertebral fractures.
Could HIV-1 RNA Testing be an Option as the Second Step in the HIV Diagnostic Algorithm?
Authors: Masciotra Silvina , Luo Wei , Rossetti Rebecca , Smith Tara , Ethridge Steven , Delaney Kevin P. , Wesolowski Laura G. , Owen S. Michele 
Published: January 2020

Background
There is benefit to early HIV-1 diagnosis and treatment, but there is no Food and Drug Administration–approved quantitative assay with a diagnostic claim. We compared the performance of the Hologic Aptima HIV-1 Quant (APT-Quant) and Aptima HIV-1 Qual (APT-Qual) assays for diagnostic use and the performance of a diagnostic algorithm consisting of Bio-Rad BioPlex 2200 HIV Ag-Ab assay (BPC) followed by APT-Quant (2-test) compared with BPC followed by Geenius HIV-1/2 supplemental assay (Geenius) with reflex to APT-Qual (3-test).

Methods
Five hundred twenty-four plasma, which included 419 longitudinal specimens from HIV-1 seroconverters (78 were after initiating antiretroviral therapy [ART]) and 105 from ART-naive persons with established HIV-1 infections, were used to evaluate APT-Quant performance for diagnostic use. Specimens from 200 HIV-negative persons were used to measure specificity. For the algorithm comparison, BPC-reactive specimens were evaluated with the 2-test or 3-test algorithm. McNemar’s test was used to compare performance.

Results
The APT-Quant detected more samples early in infection compared with APT-Qual. The APT-Quant specificity was 99.8%. Before ART initiation, the algorithms performed similarly among samples from different stages of infection. After ART initiation, the 3-test algorithm performed significantly better (P = 0.0233).

Conclusions
The APT-Quant has excellent performance for diagnostic use. The 2-test algorithm works well in ART-naive samples, but its performance decreases after the IgG response is elicited and with ART-induced suppressed viremia. Providing confirmation and viral load assay with 1 test result could be advantageous for patient care. However, additional factors and challenges associated with the implementation of this 2-test algorithm, such as cost, specimen type, and collection need further evaluation.
Radiotherapy in the Management of Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Deek Matthew P. , Phillips Ryan , Tran Phuoc T. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Systemic therapy has historically been the backbone of treatment for patients with metastatic disease. However, recent evidence suggests metastasis-directed therapy in those with oligometastatic disease (≤5 lesions) may improve progression-free and overall survival. Within prostate cancer–specific cohorts, metastasis-directed therapy also appears to delay the time to initiation of androgen deprivation therapy while also generally being associated with a mild toxicity profile and has thus garnered interest as a means to delay systemic therapy. Here we review the evidence surrounding the use of radiation therapy to metastatic sites in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
Safety Checklist Implementation Did Not Reduce Central Venous Catheter Duration in Pediatric Cardiac ICU Patients
Authors: Sahulee Raj , Ramirez Michelle M. , Al-Qaqaa Yasir M. , Chakravarti Sujata B. , McKinstry Jaclyn 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:
The Center for Disease Control recommends prompt removal of nonessential central venous catheters (CVCs) to reduce the risk for central line–associated bloodstream infections. Safety checklists have been trialed to reduce nonessential CVC days, but pediatric studies are lacking. Our specific aim was to detect >10% reduction in mean CVC duration after implementation of a safety checklist addressing CVCs in our unit.

Methods:
All patients admitted to the Congenital Cardiovascular Care Unit at New York University Langone Medical Center who had a CVC placed between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017, were included. We implemented a checklist addressing CVC use in our unit on June 7, 2013, and modified it on March 10, 2016. We analyzed quarterly mean CVC duration and postsurgical CVC duration over the study period using statistical process control charts.

Results:
We placed 778 CVCs for 7,947 CVC days during the study period. We noted special cause variation from Q4 2013 to Q2 2014 and a centerline shift in mean CVC duration from 8.91 to 11.10 days in Q1 2015. In a subgroup analysis of the 657 lines placed in surgical patients, there was a centerline shift in mean CVC duration from 6.48 to 8.86 days in Q4 2013.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated an unexpected increase in mean CVC duration after the implementation of a safety checklist designed to decrease nonessential CVC days. Additional studies are needed to identify the ideal method to detect and remove nonessential CVCs and reduce the risk of preventable harm.