bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics in patients with SARS-CoV-2 antibody negative probable COVID-19 in Wuhan
Authors: Duan Limin , Zhang Shuai , Guo Mengfei , Zhou E , Fan Jinshuo , Wang Xuan , Wang Ling , Wu Feng , Jin Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with suspected COVID-19 might be admitted to hospital. We aimed to describe the characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 antibody negative probable COVID-19 patients and give some suggestions to manage suspected COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe analyzed 616 confirmed COVID-19 patients and 35 SARS-CoV-2 antibody negative probable COVID-19 patients who were admitted in Wuhan Union Hospital from February 13, 2020 to February 16, 2020. Telephone interviews were conducted and medical records were reviewed for epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and radiographic data.ResultsOf the 35 SARS-CoV-2 antibody negative probable COVID-19 patients, all of them had tested at least 3 times of nucleic acid, 3 were believed to be non-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Compared with confirmed patients, antibody negative probable patients were younger (P=0.017), exhibited similar symptoms and chest CT images, had higher lymphocyte count (P=0.004) and albumin level (P<0.001), showed lower lactate dehydrogenase level (P=0.011) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P<0.001). During hospitalization, all the 35 patients had contacted with confirmed COVID-19 patients, but all used general face mask for protection and maintained a social distance of more than one meter from each other. All the isolation wards were kept ventilation and disinfected once a day. After discharged from hospital, all of them had negative nucleic acid tests and no one developed symptoms again.ConclusionsThe conditions of patients with AbN probable COVID-19 were less critical than those of patients with confirmed COVID-19. Room ventilation and daily disinfection, wearing face masks, and maintaining social distance might be helpful to prevent patients from hospital acquired COVID-19 infection.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary community hospital in upstate New York
Authors: Lenka Jyotirmayee , Chhabria Mamta S. , Sharma Naman , Tan Bryan E-Xin , Teja Boppana Leela Krishna , Venugopal Sharini , Sondhi Damanpaul S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited reports describing critically ill COVID-19 patients in New York.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 32 adult critically ill patients admitted to a tertiary community hospital in upstate NY, between March 14th and April 12th, 2020. We collected demographic, laboratory, ventilator, and treatment data, which were analyzed and clinical outcomes tabulated.Results32 patients admitted to the ICU were included, with mean (±SD) follow-up duration 21 ± 7 days. Mean (±SD) age was 62.2 ± 11.2 years, and 62.5% were men. 27 (84.4%) of patients had one or more medical co-morbidities and 50% of the patients were current or former smokers. The mean (±SD) duration of symptoms was 6.6 (±4.4) days before presentation, with cough (81.3%), dyspnea (68.7%), and fever (65.6%) being most common. 23 (71.9%) patients received invasive mechanical ventilation. 5 (15.6%) had died, 11 (34.4%) had been discharged home, and 16 (50%) remained hospitalized, 8 (25%) of which were still in ICU. Mean (±SD) length of ICU stay was 10.2 (±7.7) days, and mean (±SD) length of hospital stay was 14.8 (±7.7) days.ConclusionMajority of patients were of older age and with medical co-morbidities. With adequate resource utilization, mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients may not be as high as previously suggested.
Aging, Care and Dependency in Multimorbidity: How Relationships Affect Older Bangladeshi Women’s Use of Homecare and Health Services
Authors: Hamiduzzaman Mohammad , Torres Stacy , Fletcher Amber , Islam Md. Rezaul , Greenhill Jennene 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRelationships are multidimensional, and we know little about how different facets of relationships affect how older patients’ with multimorbidity use homecare and health services. Social gerontology literature emphasizes the importance of care settings, gender inequalities, availability of health services, and affordability. However, the diversity of relationships and associated dependency in elder care remains underassessed. This qualitative study combining a demographic survey with interviews explores the relationship experiences of older women (age 60 years and over) with multimorbidity in homecare and health services utilization. Researchers contacted the Civil Surgeon of Sylhet District in Bangladesh to recruit study participants and conducted 33 interviews [11 staff members and 22 older women with multimorbidity]. Three domains of Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition and misrecognition [i.e. intimate, community, and legal relationships] underpin study findings. Data were analysed using critical thematic discourse analysis. Four themes, including seven relationship dimensions, emerged: the nature of caregiving; intimate affairs [marital marginalization and parent-children-in law dynamics]; alienation in peer-relationships and neighbourhood [siblings’ overlooking of women’s rights and needs, neighbourhood challenges such as ageism, and gender inequality in interactions]; and legal connections [ignorance of rights and missed communication]. Marginalization in family relationships, together with poor peer supports and a misrecognition of care needs from service providers, resulted in a lack of quality care for older women with multimorbidity. Understanding the complexities of older women’s relationships may assist in policy making with better attention to their health needs and deepen understanding of how gender inequality intersects with the cultural devaluation of older adults to reduce their well-being. Staff training on relationship building and counselling services for family caregivers and kin are essential to improve the quality of care for these women.
COVID-19 severity is associated with immunopathology and multi-organ damage
Authors: Chen Yan-Mei , Zheng Yuanting , Yu Ying , Wang Yunzhi , Huang Qingxia , Qian Feng , Sun Lei , Song Zhi-Gang , Chen Ziyin , Feng Jinwen , An Yanpeng , Yang Jingcheng , Su Zhenqiang , Sun Shanyue , Dai Fahui , Chen Qinsheng , Lu Qinwei , Li Pengcheng , Ling Yun , Yang Zhong , Tang Huiru , Shi Leming , Jin Li , Holmes Edward C. , Ding Chen , Zhu Tong-Yu , Zhang Yong-Zhen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 is characterised by dysregulated immune responses, metabolic dysfunction and adverse effects on the function of multiple organs. To understand how host responses contribute to COVID-19 pathophysiology, we used a multi-omics approach to identify molecular markers in peripheral blood and plasma samples that distinguish COVID-19 patients experiencing a range of disease severities. A large number of expressed genes, proteins, metabolites and extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) were identified that exhibited strong associations with various clinical parameters. Multiple sets of tissue-specific proteins and exRNAs varied significantly in both mild and severe patients, indicative of multi-organ damage. The continuous activation of IFN-I signalling and neutrophils, as well as a high level of inflammatory cytokines, were observed in severe disease patients. In contrast, COVID-19 in mild patients was characterised by robust T cell responses. Finally, we show that some of expressed genes, proteins and exRNAs can be used as biomarkers to predict the clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data refine our understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical progress of COVID-19 and will help guide future studies in this area.
How does the brain navigate knowledge of social relations? Testing for shared neural mechanisms for shifting attention in space and social knowledge
Authors: Du Meng , Basyouni Ruby , Parkinson Carolyn 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHow does the human brain support reasoning about social relations (e.g., social status, friendships)? Converging theories suggest that navigating knowledge of social relations may co-opt neural circuitry with evolutionarily older functions (e.g., shifting attention in space). Here, we analyzed multivoxel response patterns of fMRI data to examine the neural mechanisms for shifting attention in knowledge of a social hierarchy. The “directions” in which participants mentally navigated social knowledge were encoded in multivoxel patterns in superior parietal cortex, which also encoded directions of attentional shifts in space. Exploratory analyses implicated additional regions of posterior parietal and occipital cortex in encoding analogous mental operations in space and social knowledge. However, cross-domain analyses suggested that attentional shifts in space and social knowledge may be encoded in functionally independent response patterns. These results elucidate the neural basis for navigating abstract knowledge of social relations, and its connection to more basic mental operations.
Structural modeling and thermostability of a serine protease inhibitor belonging to the Kunitz family from the tick Rhipicephalus microplus
Authors: Bomediano Camillo Lívia de Moraes , Ferreira Graziele Cristina , Alves Duran Adriana Feliciano , da Silva Flavia Ribeiro Santos , Garcia Wanius , Scott Ana Lígia , Sasaki Sergio Daishi 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTrBmTI-A is a recombinant serine protease inhibitor that belongs to the Kunitz-BPTI family and that was cloned from Rhipicephalus microplus tick. rBmTI-A has inhibitory activities on bovine trypsin, human plasma kallikrein, human neutrophil elastase and plasmin with dissociation constants in nM range. It is characterized by two inhibitory domains and each domain presents six cysteines that form three disulfide bonds, which contribute to the high stability of its structure. Previous studies suggest that serine protease inhibitor rBmTI-A has a protective potential against pulmonary emphysema in mice and anti-inflammatory potential, besides rBmTI-A presented a potent inhibitory activity againstin vitrovessel formation. In this study, the tertiary structure of BmTI-A was modeled based on the structure of itsSabellastarte magnificahomologue. The structure stabilization was evaluated by molecular dynamics analysis. Circular dichroism data corroborated the secondary structure found by the homology modeling. Thermostability analysis confirmed the thermostability and the relation between the effects of the temperature in the inhibitor activity. The loss of activity observed was gradual, and, after 60 minutes of incubation at 90°C the inhibitor lost it completely.
Mapping infectious disease mortality onto the within-host dynamics of pathogen growth
Authors: O’Sullivan Tim , Waldetoft Kristofer Wollein , Brown Sam P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInfectious diseases remain a major cause of global mortality, yet basic questions concerning the relationship between within-host processes governing pathogen burden (pathogen replication, immune responses) and epidemiological patterns of mortality remain obscure. In standard epidemiological models of bacterial and viral infections (‘compartmental models’), pathogen-induced mortality is described as a constant risk factor, unchanging with time since infection or the dynamics of the pathogen population inside the host. Here we review experimental data illustrating the failure of this assumption, with multiple infection models highlighting an accelerating risk of death with time since infection. Next, we show that the dynamics of infection-mediated death are phenomenologically similar to the dynamics of all-causes death, captured by an exponentially increasing instantaneous mortality or ‘hazard’ (a Gompertz function). We then sketch a series of within-host pathogen models and highlight that multiple models are consistent with existing Gompertz-like infection mortality data, including: (1) exponential pathogen growth and a linear mapping between pathogen density and host hazard, and (2) linear pathogen growth and an exponential mapping between pathogen density and host hazard. We review critical experimental questions that our work highlights, requiring additional non-invasive data on pathogen burden throughout the course of infection, and end with a discussion on the unpicking of the mechanistic and dynamical basis of accelerating mortality risk during the course of human infections.
Type and frequency of ocular and other known symptoms experienced by people who self–diagnosed as suffering from COVID-19 in the UK
Authors: Pardhan Shahina , Vaughan Megan , Zhang Jufen , Smith Lee , Chichger Havovi 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent literature suggests that ocular manifestations present in people suffering from COVID-19. However, the prevalence and the type of ocular symptoms varies substantially, and most studies report retrospective data from patients suffering from more serious versions of the disease. Little is known of exactly which ocular symptoms manifest in people with milder forms of COVID-19.MethodsAn online questionnaire obtained self-report data from people in the community, who reported to be inflicted with COVID-19. The type and frequency of different symptoms suffered during COVID-19 were obtained. Details of any pre-existing ocular conditions and the duration of symptoms of COVID-19 were ascertained.ResultsData from 132 participants showed that the four most reported COVID-19 symptoms were Dry Cough (63%), Fever (67%), Fatigue (83%), and loss of Smell/Taste (63%). 56% of the participants reported to having experienced an eye symptom, 46% reported to having a new or different eye symptom compared to pre-COVID-19 state. Three ocular symptoms (watery eyes, sore eyes, sensitivity to light) were significantly different from Pre-COVID-19 state (p<0.05). Logistic regression showed a significant association of eye symptoms with Fever (p=0.035).ConclusionNearly half of the sample of people studied experienced ocular symptoms. The significant ocular symptoms, indicative of viral conjunctivitis, might have been missed in patients with more serious manifestations of the disease. It is also important to differentiate between the types of ocular manifestation, as symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis (i.e. mucous discharge, gritty eyes) were not significant. Possible mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 infection within the eye are discussed.Key messageTo date, there are no studies on ocular symptoms experienced by people who self-reported as suffering from mild case of COVID-19. In the absence of population –wide testing in the UK, our study shows that nearly half of the population reported to having experienced an eye symptom. It is likely that the significant ocular symptoms, indicative of viral conjunctivitis, might have been overlooked in the light of other more serious and critical manifestations of COVID-19. The data are important, especially in countries that rely on self –report of COVID-19 symptoms when confirmative tests for COVID-19 are not available.
An Age-Specific Atlas for Delineation of White Matter Pathways in Children Aged 6-8 Years
Authors: Spencer Arthur P.C. , Byrne Hollie , Lee-Kelland Richard , Jary Sally , Thoresen Marianne , Cowan Frances M. , Chakkarapani Ela , Brooks Jonathan C.W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiffusion MRI allows non-invasive assessment of white matter maturation in typical development and of white matter damage due to brain injury or pathology. Probabilistic white matter atlases provide delineation of white matter tracts, allowing diffusion metrics to be measured in specific white matter pathways. However, given the known age-dependency of developmental change in white matter it may not be optimal to use an adult template when assessing data acquired from children. This study develops an age-specific probabilistic white matter atlas for delineation of 12 major white matter tracts in children aged 6-8 years. By comparing to subject-specific tract tracing in two validation cohorts, we demonstrate that this age-specific atlas gives better overall performance than simply registering to the Johns Hopkins University adult white matter template. Specifically, when normalising diffusion data acquired from children to an adult template, estimates of fractional anisotropy (FA) values for corticospinal tract, uncinate fasciculus, forceps minor, cingulate gyrus part of the cingulum and anterior thalamic radiation were all less accurate than those obtained when using an age-specific atlas, potentially leading to false negatives when performing group comparisons. We then applied the newly developed atlas to compare FA between children treated with therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy and age-matched controls, which revealed significant reductions in the fornix, the left superior longitudinal fasciculus, and both the hippocampal and cingulum parts of the left cingulate gyrus. To our knowledge, this is the first publicly available probabilistic atlas of white matter tracts for this age group.
Mapping cell structure across scales by fusing protein images and interactions
Authors: Qin Yue , Winsnes Casper F. , Huttlin Edward L. , Zheng Fan , Ouyang Wei , Park Jisoo , Pitea Adriana , Kreisberg Jason F. , Gygi Steven P. , Harper J. Wade , Ma Jianzhu , Lundberg Emma , Ideker Trey 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe eukaryotic cell is a multi-scale structure with modular organization across at least four orders of magnitude1,2. Two central approaches for mapping this structure – protein fluorescent imaging and protein biophysical association – each generate extensive datasets but of distinct qualities and resolutions that are typically treated separately3,4. Here, we integrate immunofluorescent images in the Human Protein Atlas5with ongoing affinity purification experiments from the BioPlex resource6to create a unified hierarchical map of eukaryotic cell architecture. Integration involves configuring each approach to produce a general measure of protein distance, then calibrating the two measures using machine learning. The evolving map, called the Multi-Scale Integrated Cell (MuSIC 1.0), currently resolves 69 subcellular systems of which approximately half are undocumented. Based on these findings we perform 134 additional affinity purifications, validating close subunit associations for the majority of systems. The map elucidates roles for poorly characterized proteins, such as the appearance of FAM120C in chromatin; identifies new protein assemblies in ribosomal biogenesis, RNA splicing, nuclear speckles, and ion transport; and reveals crosstalk between cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins. By integration across scales, MuSIC substantially increases the mapping resolution obtained from imaging while giving protein interactions a spatial dimension, paving the way to incorporate many molecular data types in proteome-wide maps of cells.
Exercise mitigates sleep-loss-induced changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and circadian rhythms
Authors: Saner Nicholas J , Lee Matthew J-C , Kuang Jujiao , Pitchford Nathan W , Roach Gregory D , Garnham Andrew , Genders Amanda J , Stokes Tanner , Schroder Elizabeth A , Esser Karyn A , Phillips Stuart M , Bishop David J , Bartlett Jonathan D 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSleep loss has emerged as a risk factor for the development of impaired glucose tolerance. The mechanisms underpinning this observation are unknown; however, both mitochondrial dysfunction and circadian misalignment have been proposed. Given that exercise improves glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, and alters circadian rhythms, we investigated whether exercise may counteract the effects induced by inadequate sleep. We report that sleeping 4 hours per night, for five nights, reduced glucose tolerance, with novel observations of associated reductions in mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and measures of circadian rhythmicity; however, incorporating three sessions of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) during this period mitigates these effects. These data demonstrate, for the first time, a sleep loss-induced concomitant reduction in a range of physiological processes linked to metabolic function. These same effects are not observed when exercise is performed during a period of inadequate sleep, supporting the use of HIIE as an intervention to mitigate the detrimental physiological effects of sleep loss.
Predicting Gene Expression from DNA Sequence using Residual Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Yilun , Zhou Xin , Cai Xiaodong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is known thatcis-acting DNA motifs play an important role in regulating gene expression. The genome in a cell thus contains the information that not only encodes for the synthesis of proteins but also is necessary for regulating expression of genes. Therefore, the mRNA level of a gene may be predictable from the DNA sequence. Indeed, three deep neural network models were developed recently to predict the mRNA level of a gene directly or indirectly from the DNA sequence around the transcription start side of the gene. In this work, we develop a deep residual network model, named ExpResNet, to predict gene expression directly from DNA sequence. Applying ExpResNet to the GTEx data, we demonstrate that ExpResNet outperforms the three existing models across four tissues tested. Our model may be useful in the investigation of gene regulation.
Implementing health-promoting schools to prevent obesity
Authors: Bennett Lindsay , Burns Sharyn 
Published: June 2020

PurposeObesity in children and adolescents is a significant public health concern. The World Health Organization Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework promotes good nutrition and physical activity in school settings. While HPS is embraced globally, effective implementation and sustainable programmes are a continued challenge. This paper aims to report on the characteristics of current school interventions based on HPS and implementation barriers and enablers.Design/methodology/approachA literature search identified peer-reviewed studies of school health interventions reflective of the HPS framework focusing on obesity prevention. Studies from all countries were included, if conducted in primary and/or secondary schools; included a sufficient amount of qualitative implementation or process evaluation data to draw conclusions regarding key barriers and enablers to implementation; and were published in English.FindingsNine interventions (n = 9) from seven countries were included. Most were implemented in primary schools and focused on specific grade levels. Engaging parents, the home environment, teacher time constraints, fun interventions, student participation, teacher training, integration with the curriculum and stakeholder engagement all emerged as strong implementation themes. Teachers as role models, establishing community partnerships and policy support also emerged as common themes.Originality/valueFuture interventions may benefit from enhancing teacher and parent health promotion. Partnerships with initiatives focusing on environmental sustainability may simultaneously benefit human and planetary health while strengthening stakeholder engagement opportunities and consistent messaging throughout the community. More comprehensive evaluation data are needed, in particular, for long-term HPS initiatives.