bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum strip width increases dry matter, nutrient accumulation, and seed yield of intercrops under the relay intercropping system
Authors: Raza Muhammad Ali , Feng Ling Yang , van der Werf Wopke , Iqbal Nasir , Khan Imran , Khan Ahsin , Din Atta Mohi Ud , Naeem Muhammd , Meraj Tehseen Ahmad , Hassan Muhammad Jawad , Khan Aaqil , Lu Feng Zhi , Liu Xin , Ahmed Mukhtar , Yang Feng , Yang Wenyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStrip width management is a critical factor for producing higher crop yields in relay intercropping systems. A 2‐year field experiment was carried out during 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the effects of different strip width treatments on dry‐matter production, major‐nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) uptake, and competition parameters of soybean and maize in relay intercropping system. The strip width (SW) treatments were 0.40, 0.40, and 0.40 m (SW1); 0.40, 0.40, and 0.50 m (SW2); 0.40, 0.40, and 0.60 m (SW3); and 0.40, 0.40, and 0.70 m (SW4) for soybean row spacing, maize row spacing, and spacing between soybean and maize rows, respectively. As compared to sole maize (SM) and sole soybean (SS), relay‐intercropped maize and soybean accumulated lower quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in all treatments. However, maize in SW1 accumulated higher nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium than SW4 (9%, 9%, and 8% for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively). Soybean in SW3 accumulated 25% higher nitrogen, 33% higher phosphorus, and 24% higher potassium than in SW1. The improved nutrient accumulation in SW3 significantly increased the soybean dry matter by 19%, but slightly decreased the maize dry matter by 6% compared to SW1. Similarly, SW3 increased the competition ratio value of soybean (by 151%), but it reduced the competition ratio value of maize (by 171%) compared to SW1. On average, in SW3, relay‐cropped soybean produced 84% of SS seed yield and maize produced 98% of SM seed yield and achieved the land equivalent ratio of 1.8, demonstrating the highest level in the world. Overall, these results suggested that by selecting the appropriate strip width (SW3; 0.40 m for soybean row spacing, 0.40 m maize row spacing, and 0.60 m spacing between soybean and maize rows), we can increase the nutrient uptake (especially nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), dry‐matter accumulation, and seed yields of relay‐intercrop species under relay intercropping systems.
Toll‐Like Receptor 8 Agonist GS‐9688 Induces Sustained Efficacy in the Woodchuck Model of Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Daffis Stephane , Balsitis Scott , Chamberlain Jason , Zheng Jim , Santos Rex , Rowe William , Ramakrishnan Dhivya , Pattabiraman Divya , Spurlock Sandra , Chu Ruth , Kang Don , Mish Michael , Ramirez Ricardo , Li Li , Li Bei , Ma Sarina , Hung Magdeleine , Voitenleitner Christian , Yon Changsuek , Suresh Manasa , Menne Stephan , Cote Paul , Delaney William E. , Mackman Richard , Fletcher Simon P. 
Published: April 2020

Background and Aims
GS‐9688 (selgantolimod) is an oral selective small molecule agonist of toll‐like receptor 8 in clinical development for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of GS‐9688 in woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), a hepadnavirus closely related to hepatitis B virus.

Approach and Results
WHV‐infected woodchucks received eight weekly oral doses of vehicle, 1 mg/kg GS‐9688, or 3 mg/kg GS‐9688. Vehicle and 1 mg/kg GS‐9688 had no antiviral effect, whereas 3 mg/kg GS‐9688 induced a >5 log10 reduction in serum viral load and reduced WHV surface antigen (WHsAg) levels to below the limit of detection in half of the treated woodchucks. In these animals, the antiviral response was maintained until the end of the study (>5 months after the end of treatment). GS‐9688 treatment reduced intrahepatic WHV RNA and DNA levels by >95% in animals in which the antiviral response was sustained after treatment cessation, and these woodchucks also developed detectable anti‐WHsAg antibodies. The antiviral efficacy of weekly oral dosing with 3 mg/kg GS‐9688 was confirmed in a second woodchuck study. The antiviral response to GS‐9688 did not correlate with systemic GS‐9688 or cytokine levels but was associated with transient elevation of liver injury biomarkers and enhanced proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to WHV peptides. Transcriptomic analysis of liver biopsies taken prior to treatment suggested that T follicular helper cells and various other immune cell subsets may play a role in the antiviral response to GS‐9688.

Conclusions
Finite, short‐duration treatment with a clinically relevant dose of GS‐9688 is well tolerated and can induce a sustained antiviral response in WHV‐infected woodchucks; the identification of a baseline intrahepatic transcriptional signature associated with response to GS‐9688 treatment provides insights into the immune mechanisms that mediate this antiviral effect.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Alcoholic Liver Disease are Major Drivers of Liver Mortality in the United States
Authors: Paik James M. , Golabi Pegah , Biswas Rakesh , Alqahtani Saleh , Venkatesan Chapy , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: April 2020

In the United States, chronic viral hepatitis B and C (CHB and CHC), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) are the main causes of liver deaths attributable to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis. Our aim was to assess the changes in the rates of mortality and years of potential life lost (YLL) for HCC and cirrhosis due to different liver diseases. We used multiple‐cause mortality data (2007‐2017) from the National Center for Health Statistics. Annual percentage change (APC) in age‐standardized death rate per 100,000 (ASDR) and age‐standardized years of life lost per 100,000 (ASYLLR) were calculated. In the United States in 2017, there were 2,797,265 deaths with 73,424 liver deaths, contributing to 1,467,742 of YLL. Of the liver deaths, HCC was noted in 12,169 (16.6%) and cirrhosis in 60,111 (82.0%). CHC was responsible for 50.4% of HCC deaths; NAFLD, 35.4%; HBV, 6.0%; ALD, 5.4%; and others, 2.8%. NAFLD was responsible for 48.9% of cirrhosis deaths; ALD, 34.7%; CHC, 12.3%; CHB, 0.9%; and others, 3.2%. Between 2007 and 2017, the increase in ASDR for HCC due to ALD and NAFLD accelerated after 2014 (APC, 11.38% and 6.55%, respectively) whereas CHC stabilized (APC, 0.63%; P = 0.272) after 2011. The increase in ASYLLR of HCC escalated after 2014 for ALD and NAFLD (APC, 12.12% and 6.15%, respectively) and leveled out for CHC after 2012 (APC, −1.05%; P = 0.056). Furthermore, the highest annual increase in ASDR and ASYLLR for cirrhosis was due to ALD (APC, 3.24% and 3.34%, respectively) followed by NAFLD (APC, 1.23% and 0.49%, respectively). Conclusion: Over the past decade, ASDR and ASYLLR due to ALD and NAFLD have been increasing in the United States. The rising burden of HCC and cirrhosis are primarily driven by NAFLD and ALD.
An overview of digital and online strategies to reduce gambling harm
Authors: Paterson Marisa , Whitty Megan , Boyer Charlotte 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIssue addressedAdvancements in mobile‐ and web‐based technologies proliferate everyday opportunities to gamble. The increased availability, popularity and intensity of online gambling platforms and interactive gaming activities also changes the way we construct gambling harm reduction interventions. Information and communication technologies (ICT) provide potential opportunities to reduce harm from online gambling through harm minimisation initiatives and currently available services. The aim of this review was to firstly understand the scope of peer‐reviewed evidence on ICT‐based strategies to reduce online gambling harm, and secondly, what evidence exists specifically in relation to ICT‐based harm reduction initiatives for people who gamble online.MethodsScoping review methods and a five‐stage model of analysis were used to: identify the published literature on ICT‐based harm minimisation activities for online gambling; distil models appropriate to address gambling harm in this setting; and synthesise all available evidence, noting gaps and patterns.ResultsSixteen gambling‐specific ICT‐based interventions were reviewed in depth. The majority of included studies focused on different components of computer‐assisted or online therapy programs for disordered gambling, specifically the development of individual skills in managing problematic gambling behaviour.ConclusionsThe review found that despite the widespread potential ICT represent for addressing gambling harm there has been only limited published research to date.So whatThere is a clear need for further investigation into uptake, usage, focus and effectiveness of all online gambling interventions on offer. The dearth of gambling‐specific empirical knowledge potentially indicates a serious resourcing and reporting issues in this area.
Comparison of no adjuvant treatment and radiotherapy in early‐stage cervical carcinoma with intermediate risk factors
Authors: Akilli Huseyin , Tohma Yusuf A. , Bulut Ayça N. , Karakas Latife Atasoy , Haberal Asuman N. , Kuscu Ulku E. , Ayhan Ali 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the results of receiving no adjuvant treatment (NAT) or radiotherapy after radical hysterectomy in patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2018 Stage IB1–IB3 cervical cancer with intermediate risk factors.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at Baskent University School of Medicine's Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Ankara, Turkey between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2016. In total, 134 women with at least two intermediate risk factors (positive LVSI, deep stromal invasion, and tumor size ≥4 cm) were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: NAT and radiotherapy.ResultsThere were 66 patients in the NAT group and 68 in the radiotherapy group. The median follow‐up time was 61.05 months. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates were similar in both groups (84.1% vs 82.9%, respectively; P=0.57), while the 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were 80.2% and 78.2% in the NAT and radiotherapy groups, respectively (P=0.25). Most importantly, both groups had similar local recurrence rates: 8 (12.1%) in the NAT group and 9 (13.2%) in the radiotherapy group (P=0.82). Multivariant analyses showed that the only independent risk factor for recurrence was tumor size ≥4 cm with a hazard ratio of 2.4 (95% confidence interval 1.12–5.24; P=0.02).ConclusionAdjuvant treatment improved neither DFS nor local recurrence rates.
Retracted: Effect of adjunctive vaginal progesterone after McDonald cerclage on the rate of second‐trimester abortion in singleton pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ali Mohammed K. , Ahmed Sameh E. , Sayed Gamal H. , Badran Esraa Y. , Abbas Ahmed M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of adjunctive use of vaginal progesterone after McDonald cerclage on the rate of second‐trimester abortion in singleton pregnancy.MethodsA randomized controlled trial at Woman's Health Hospital, Assiut University, Egypt, between April 2017 and March 2019 enrolled women eligible for McDonald cerclage. After cerclage, participants were randomly assigned to receive progesterone (400 mg pessary) once daily until 37 weeks or no progesterone. The primary outcome was rate of abortion before 28 weeks. Secondary outcomes included gestational age at delivery, preterm delivery, mean birthweight, Apgar score, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).ResultsThe rate of spontaneous abortion was higher in the no‐progesterone group (P=0.016). Mean gestational age and mean birthweight was higher in the progesterone group (P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively). The frequency of preterm neonates, neonates with Apgar score less than 7, and admission to NICU was higher in the progesterone group than in the no‐progesterone group (P=0.005, P=0.008, and P=0.044, respectively).ConclusionAdjunctive use of vaginal progesterone after McDonald cerclage was found to decrease the frequency of second‐trimester abortion and to improve perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancy.Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02846909.
Concentrations of fatty acids among macrosomic neonates delivered by healthy women and women with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ivanisevic Marina , Delmis Karlo , Herman Mislav , Horvaticek Marina , Berberovic Edina , Djelmis Josip 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the concentration and profile of fatty acids (FAs) among macrosomic neonates delivered by healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).MethodsA prospective study of women who delivered macrosomic neonates at a University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia, 2016–2018. Maternal, umbilical vein, and arterial blood samples were collected immediately on delivery. After lipid extraction, total FAs in maternal, umbilical vein, and arterial serum samples were assessed by gas chromatography. Data were compared between women with T1DM and healthy control women.ResultsIn total, 50 women were enrolled: 22 with T1DM and 28 control women. Neonates in the T1DM group had a higher ponderal index as compared with the control group (P=0.006). Umbilical vein insulin, insulin resistance, and leptin concentration were higher in the T1DM group than in the control group (all P<0.001). Umbilical vein serum concentrations of total saturated, monounsaturated, n‐3 polyunsaturated, and n‐6 polyunsaturated FAs were higher in the T1DM group (P=0.004, P<0.001, P=0.015, and P=0.014, respectively).ConclusionMacrosomic neonates delivered by women with T1DM had a higher Ponderal index, and higher concentrations of insulin, leptin, and FAs in the umbilical vein and artery as compared with control group newborns.
Therapeutic role of granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) in patients with persistent thin endometrium: A prospective and randomized study
Authors: Mao Xiaoyan , Zhang Jie , Cai Renfei , Tao Yu , Gao Hongyuan , Kuang Yanping , Zhang Shaozhen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) on unresponsive thin (<7 mm) endometrium in women undergoing frozen‐thawed embryo transfer.MethodsA single‐center, randomized, prospective study enrolled 304 women with thin unresponsive endometrium from Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital between March 2017 and May 2018. Of them, 161 patients received an intrauterine infusion of GM‐CSF and 143 patients served as controls. After hysteroscopy, a gel with or without GM‐CSF was administered to fill the uterine cavity completely or up to 5 mL only. The primary outcome was confirmed pregnancy and secondary outcomes included endometrial thickness and implantation rate.ResultsPatients who were administered GM‐CSF had a significantly higher chemical pregnancy rate (35.3% vs 20.0%; P=0.009) and clinical pregnancy rate (28.6% vs 13.3%; P=0.005) compared with patients in the control group. Patients treated with GM‐CSF had significantly higher endometrial thickness compared with controls (7.83 ± 1.45 mm vs 7.37 ± 0.70 mm, P=0.003).ConclusionGM‐CSF therapy can effectively increase endometrial thickness and improve the clinical pregnancy rate in patients with persistent thin endometrium. The therapeutic role of GM‐CSF for infertile women under in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF‐ET) treatment can be further explored.Chinese Clinical Trial RegisterChiCTR‐IPR‐17011242
Implantable self‐aligning fiber‐optic optomechanical devices for in vivo intraocular pressure‐sensing in artificial cornea
Authors: Hui Pui‐Chuen , Shtyrkova Katia , Zhou Chengxin , Chen Xiaoniao , Chodosh James , Dohlman Claes H. , Paschalis Eleftherios I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractArtificial cornea is an effective treatment of corneal blindness. Yet, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements for glaucoma monitoring remain an urgent unmet need. Here, we present the integration of a fiber‐optic Fabry‐Perot pressure sensor with an FDA‐approved keratoprosthesis for real‐time IOP measurements using a novel strategy based on optical‐path self‐alignment with micromagnets. Additionally, an alternative noncontact sensor‐interrogation approach is demonstrated using a bench‐top optical coherence tomography system. We show stable pressure readings with low baseline drift (<2.8 mm Hg) for >4.5 years in vitro and efficacy in IOP interrogation in vivo using fiber‐optic self‐alignment, with good initial agreement with the actual IOP. Subsequently, IOP drift in vivo was due to retroprosthetic membrane (RPM) formation on the sensor secondary to surgical inflammation (more severe in the current pro‐fibrotic rabbit model). This study paves the way for clinical adaptation of optical pressure sensors with ocular implants, highlighting the importance of controlling RPM in clinical adaptation.
Real‐time video mosaicking to guide handheld in vivo microscopy
Authors: Yin Chengbo , Wei Linpeng , Kose Kivanc , Glaser Adam K. , Peterson Gary , Rajadhyaksha Milind , Liu Jonathan T. C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHandheld and endoscopic optical‐sectioning microscopes are being developed for noninvasive screening and intraoperative consultation. Imaging a large extent of tissue is often desired, but miniature in vivo microscopes tend to suffer from limited fields of view. To extend the imaging field during clinical use, we have developed a real‐time video mosaicking method, which allows users to efficiently survey larger areas of tissue. Here, we modified a previous post‐processing mosaicking method so that real‐time mosaicking is possible at >30 frames/second when using a device that outputs images that are 400 × 400 pixels in size. Unlike other real‐time mosaicking methods, our strategy can accommodate image rotations and deformations that often occur during clinical use of a handheld microscope. We perform a feasibility study to demonstrate that the use of real‐time mosaicking is necessary to enable efficient sampling of a desired imaging field when using a handheld dual‐axis confocal microscope.
Environmental enrichment and pain sensitivity; a study in maternally separated rats
Authors: Mohtashami Borzadaran Fatemeh , Joushi Sara , Taheri Zadeh Zahra , Sheibani Vahid , Esmaeilpour Khadijeh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRodents are highly dependent on maternal care after birth. Maternal separation (MS) is an animal model for studying neglect and abuse. Depriving the pup of such care renders the animal with Hypothalamic–Pituitary–adrenal (HPA) dysfunction and these animals are more susceptible to anxiety and stress as well as poor cognition. These effects are due to abnormal brain development in these animals. We have tried to investigate how maternal separation can affect pain sensation and whether a non‐pharmacological intervention such as enriched environment (EE) can restore an abnormal pain sensation. Animals were put into four groups MS, control (CTRL) and MS + EE and CTRL + EE groups that underwent EE after weaning until adulthood. These groups were tested for pain sensitivity with hot plate and tail flick for sensory pain and formalin for affect pain. The results showed that MS rats are more sensitive to pain in the hot plate test and formalin test, however, no significant difference was seen between groups for tail flick test. When MS rats experience EE their pain sensitivity is restored at the behavioral level. Further research is required to see how EE restores pain sensation in MS rats.
A homozygous missense variant in the homeobox domain of the NKX6‐2 results in progressive spastic ataxia type 8 associated with lower limb weakness and neurological manifestations
Authors: Almatrafi Ahmad , Umair Muhammad , Eldardear Amr , Al‐Luqmani Majid , Hashmi Jamil A. , Albalawi Alia M. , Alfadhel Majid , Ramzan Khushnooda , Basit Sulman 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundProgressive spastic ataxia is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia and limb spasticity associated with other severe neurological complications. Spastic ataxia is classified into pure and complex types, inherited in both an autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant manner. It is caused by pathogenic variants in at least eight different genes, including NKX6‐2 (MIM 607063) located on chromosome 10q26.3. The present study aimed to identify the genetic variant(s) underlying progressive spastic ataxia and to establish the genotype–phenotype correlation.MethodsWe collected a large consanguineous family having four affected individuals segregating progressive spastic ataxia in an autosomal recessive manner. To investigate the molecular cause of the disease, genomic DNA of three affected individuals underwent whole exome sequencing.ResultsAll of the affected individuals showed progressive clinical features such as spastic ataxia, lower limb weakness and other mild neurological abnormalities. Whole exome sequencing data were analyzed using different filters. Filtering of rare and shared homozygous variants revealed a novel homozygous missense variant (c.545C>T; p.Ala182Val) in a highly conserved homeobox domain of the NKX6‐2 protein.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study add a novel variant to the NKX6‐2 mutation spectrum and provide evidence that homozygous variants in the NKX6‐2 cause progressive spastic ataxia associated with other abnormalities.
Is the alpha‐galactosidase A variant p.Asp313Tyr (p.D313Y) pathogenic for Fabry disease? A systematic review
Authors: Effraimidis Grigoris , Rasmussen Åse K. , Bundgaard Henning , Sørensen Søren S. , Feldt‐Rasmussen Ulla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe identification of pathogenic GLA variants plays a central role in the establishment of a definite Fabry disease (FD) diagnosis. We aimed to review and interpret the published data on the p.Asp313Tyr (p.D313Y) variant pathogenicity and clinical relevance.We performed a systematic review of peer‐reviewed publications and case‐reports on individuals and populations harbouring the p.Asp313Tyr variant.Overall, 35 studies were included in this review. We collected data regarding the clinical manifestations, alpha‐galactosidase A enzyme activity, levels of the biomarkers globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and sphingosine‐globotriaosylceramide (lyso‐Gb3) and histological findings of p.Asp313Tyr carriers. The prevalence of p.Asp313Tyr in populations at risk for FD (kidney, heart, neurologic disorders, or symptomatic populations) was calculated. We found high residual enzyme activity, low frequency of clinical features specific for FD, non‐elevated lysoGb3/Gb3 concentrations and lack of intracellular Gb3 accumulation in biopsies in the p.Asp313Tyr carriers. The prevalence of the variant in populations at risk for FD was comparable to the reported frequency in the general population. A possible higher frequency was only observed in neurologic disorders.p.Asp313Tyr can be classified as neutral or variant of unknown significance. Further investigations will be helpful to clarify a possible association between the variant and manifestations in the brain vessels.