bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Perspectives on the Usefulness of an Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Symptom Checker: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Meyer Ashley N D , Giardina Traber D , Spitzmueller Christiane , Shahid Umber , Scott Taylor M T , Singh Hardeep 
Published: October 2019

Background
Patients are increasingly seeking Web-based symptom checkers to obtain diagnoses. However, little is known about the characteristics of the patients who use these resources, their rationale for use, and whether they find them accurate and useful.

Objective
The study aimed to examine patients’ experiences using an artificial intelligence (AI)–assisted online symptom checker.

Methods
An online survey was administered between March 2, 2018, through March 15, 2018, to US users of the Isabel Symptom Checker within 6 months of their use. User characteristics, experiences of symptom checker use, experiences discussing results with physicians, and prior personal history of experiencing a diagnostic error were collected.

Results
A total of 329 usable responses was obtained. The mean respondent age was 48.0 (SD 16.7) years; most were women (230/304, 75.7%) and white (271/304, 89.1%). Patients most commonly used the symptom checker to better understand the causes of their symptoms (232/304, 76.3%), followed by for deciding whether to seek care (101/304, 33.2%) or where (eg, primary or urgent care: 63/304, 20.7%), obtaining medical advice without going to a doctor (48/304, 15.8%), and understanding their diagnoses better (39/304, 12.8%). Most patients reported receiving useful information for their health problems (274/304, 90.1%), with half reporting positive health effects (154/302, 51.0%). Most patients perceived it to be useful as a diagnostic tool (253/301, 84.1%), as a tool providing insights leading them closer to correct diagnoses (231/303, 76.2%), and reported they would use it again (278/304, 91.4%). Patients who discussed findings with their physicians (103/213, 48.4%) more often felt physicians were interested (42/103, 40.8%) than not interested in learning about the tool’s results (24/103, 23.3%) and more often felt physicians were open (62/103, 60.2%) than not open (21/103, 20.4%) to discussing the results. Compared with patients who had not previously experienced diagnostic errors (missed or delayed diagnoses: 123/304, 40.5%), patients who had previously experienced diagnostic errors (181/304, 59.5%) were more likely to use the symptom checker to determine where they should seek care (15/123, 12.2% vs 48/181, 26.5%; P=.002), but they less often felt that physicians were interested in discussing the tool’s results (20/34, 59% vs 22/69, 32%; P=.04).

Conclusions
Despite ongoing concerns about symptom checker accuracy, a large patient-user group perceived an AI-assisted symptom checker as useful for diagnosis. Formal validation studies evaluating symptom checker accuracy and effectiveness in real-world practice could provide additional useful information about their benefit.
Efficient Reuse of Natural Language Processing Models for Phenotype-Mention Identification in Free-text Electronic Medical Records: A Phenotype Embedding Approach
Authors: Wu Honghan , Hodgson Karen , Dyson Sue , Morley Katherine I , Ibrahim Zina M , Iqbal Ehtesham , Stewart Robert , Dobson Richard JB , Sudlow Cathie 
Published: October 2019

Background
Much effort has been put into the use of automated approaches, such as natural language processing (NLP), to mine or extract data from free-text medical records in order to construct comprehensive patient profiles for delivering better health care. Reusing NLP models in new settings, however, remains cumbersome, as it requires validation and retraining on new data iteratively to achieve convergent results.

Objective
The aim of this work is to minimize the effort involved in reusing NLP models on free-text medical records.

Methods
We formally define and analyze the model adaptation problem in phenotype-mention identification tasks. We identify “duplicate waste” and “imbalance waste,” which collectively impede efficient model reuse. We propose a phenotype embedding–based approach to minimize these sources of waste without the need for labelled data from new settings.

Results
We conduct experiments on data from a large mental health registry to reuse NLP models in four phenotype-mention identification tasks. The proposed approach can choose the best model for a new task, identifying up to 76% waste (duplicate waste), that is, phenotype mentions without the need for validation and model retraining and with very good performance (93%-97% accuracy). It can also provide guidance for validating and retraining the selected model for novel language patterns in new tasks, saving around 80% waste (imbalance waste), that is, the effort required in “blind” model-adaptation approaches.

Conclusions
Adapting pretrained NLP models for new tasks can be more efficient and effective if the language pattern landscapes of old settings and new settings can be made explicit and comparable. Our experiments show that the phenotype-mention embedding approach is an effective way to model language patterns for phenotype-mention identification tasks and that its use can guide efficient NLP model reuse.
A Crowdsourcing Open Contest to Design Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Promotion Messages: Protocol for an Exploratory Mixed Methods Study
Authors: White Jordan J , Mathews Allison , Henry Marcus P , Moran Meghan B , Page Kathleen R , Latkin Carl A , Tucker Joseph D , Yang Cui 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundIn the United States, black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can reduce HIV incidence. However, real-world implementation of PrEP outside of clinical trials has identified racial disparities in PrEP awareness, uptake, and adherence. In the context of a long history of medical mistrust and power imbalances between scientists and community members, strategies to increase uptake of PrEP among BMSM should consider ways to ensure messages address the needs and priorities of the community. Crowdsourcing contests shift traditional individual tasks to a large group and may enhance community engagement.ObjectiveThis paper describes the research protocol of a contest approach to soliciting PrEP promotion messages among BMSM in Baltimore.MethodsOpen-contest implementation and evaluation will proceed as follows: (1) organize a community steering group; (2) develop platforms to solicit crowd input; (3) engage the community to contribute ideas through a Web-based forum and in-person events; (4) evaluate contest entries using both community panel judge assessment and crowd voting; (5) utilize mixed methods to evaluate feasibility, acceptability, and community engagement; and (6) disseminate contest results.ResultsThis study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Mental Health: R34MH116725) in May 2018 and was approved by the institutional review board in April 2018. The open contest started in February 2019, and data analyses for the mixed method evaluation are expected to complete in December 2019.ConclusionsThe contest will potentially bring new ideas in developing more impactful and locally defined PrEP promotion campaigns. We will determine whether an open-contest approach is acceptable among BMSM in Baltimore. If successful, this study can inform future projects using a similar approach on how to identify and implement programs and policies that are more responsive to community needs and that build up community assets.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/15590
Ajan paikka ja käsitteellisen ajattelun kehitys lasten kielessä (tulossa)
Authors: Surakka Maija 
Published: October 2019

Maija Surakan suomen kielen alaan kuuluva väitös tarkastettiin Itä-Suomen yliopistossa perjantaina 22. maaliskuuta 2019. Vastaväittäjänä toimi professori emerita Anneli Kauppinen Jyväskylän yliopistosta ja kustoksena professori Hannele Forsberg.
Maija Surakka: Ajan paikka. Ajanilmausten kehityspolkuja lasten kielessä. Publications of the University of Eastern Finland Dissertations in Education, Humanities, and Theology 134. Joensuu: Itä-Suomen yliopisto 2019. Kirja on luettavissa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-61-2973-0.
KLONING GEN carB Salmonella typhi MENGGUNAKAN VEKTOR EKSPRESI pET-16b dan SEL INANG Escherichia coli JM109
Authors: Wonohadi Elisawati , Wahyudi Mariana 
Published: October 2019

The effort of cloning the Lister strain of Salmonella typhi (NCTC 786, BCC 712) carB gene using pET-16b expression vector and E. coli JM109 as host cell has been done. The carB gene and the pET-16b expression vector were both prepared from their recombinant plasmid digested using BamHI and NdeI as restriction enzymes. The pG-carB-11-ST recombinant plasmid was isolated from Escherichia coli XL10(pG-carB-11-ST) and the pET-carA-ST recombinant plasmid was from Escherichia coli DH5α(pET-carA-ST). After being ligated (in a ratio of vector:gene of 1:3, 1:5 and 1:6) in the presence of T4 Bacteriofage DNA Ligase, the ligation mixture was used to transform Escherichia coli JM109 cells and plated out onto Luria Bertani medium containing ampicillin. An amount of 369 produced colonies were screened for the presence of the appropriate recombinant plasmid using combination of plasmid miniprep and agarose gel electrophoresis. None of the recombinant plasmids being suspected to carry the Salmonella typhi carB gene. It is suggested to repeat cloning process using E. coli JM109 or using E. coli XL10 as host cell which were known to have large cloning efficiency and can be used for large plasmids up to 25 kb.
Una geopolítica del acceso abierto: información, software y lectura
Authors: Rodríguez Medina Leandro 
Published: October 2019

El llamado a una apertura en relación con el acceso a la literatura científica en la actualidad se ha generalizado. Desde consejos de ciencia y tecnología hasta instituciones universitarias, pasando por las recomendaciones de organizaciones intergubernamentales, los principales actores en la producción de conocimiento parecen convencidos de que el futuro de la circulación y el uso de conocimiento depende del acceso abierto. En este artículo se explora en primer lugar el contexto en el cual debe situarse este llamado: las asimetrías del conocimiento. Luego se analiza la consecuencia que dicha apertura puede tener en la producción y consumo de información, datos y conocimiento. Como respuesta a ello, se mencionan y describen nuevas prácticas epistémicas: la softwarización del procesamiento de datos y la lectura estratégica.
Analysis of Economic Participation of Out-Migrants from Odisha in Household Management
Authors: Sahoo Sanjaya Kumar , Swain Sukanta Chandra 
Published: October 2019

Household is the key economic agent of any country. Efficient management of the household calls for automatic efficiency in other agents - firm, government and foreign sector. Managing household in economic front in Odisha has been a challenge owing to dismal percapita income and concentration of economic power with a few. This, in turn, calls for economic participation of more members of the household but Odisha fails to cater engagement avenues to all individuals who aspire to participate in economic management of their respective households. Thus, people get insisted to migrate different places to earn and remit to support their households. The scope of this study is confined only to out-migrants from Odisha placed temporarily in other states of India. The Objectives of this Study are to sketch the broad demography of out-migrants from Odisha and unfold the reality of economic participation of such migrants in their household management.
Perceptual Failings and the Divine Epiphany in Raymond Carver’s “Cathedral”
Authors: Mangaiyarkarasi S. , T Githika. 
Published: October 2019

Disability Studies is an academic discipline which focuses on the meaning, nature and consequences of disability. The term is used to refer to individual functioning including physical impairment, sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, intellectual impairment, mental illness and various types of chronic diseases. This paper focuses on blindness as not simply a deficit rather a gifted intellect and someone with great insight in Raymond Carver’s “Cathedral”. In this short story, the character Robert’s blindness has given the narrator an access to beauty and meaning that he has never known before. The narrator has his own stereotypic image of the blind people only from the movies and he had no real life encounters which all through his life made him feel that they have their own stereotypes. He ultimately expands his own perception by inhabiting Robert’s perspective where he finds something more meaningful and deeper within his own self. The verbal description of the narrator fails to portray the Cathedral to Robert whereas the view of the blind Robert opens the eyes of the narrator. It is the perceptual failings of the narrator that make him unable to understand other people’s feelings and fails to find meaning or joy in his life. It is through the blind man he attains Epiphany, which is not just about attaining insight but a divine realization. Literal blindness is far more less than the emotional blindness and thus this paper flashes that blindness is in the eyes and not in the mind.
لوحة الرِّحلة في القصيدة الجاهلية دراسة في المضمون
Authors: الشمري عبد علي عبيد علي 
Published: October 2019

الرحلة هي لوحة من لوحات القصيدة العربية الجاهلية التقليدية ، يصور فيها الشاعر الجاهلي ناقته وهي تطوي الفيافي والمهامه والقفار بقوة وشجاعة وجرأة وإقدام ، في حر الصيف الصحراوي اللاهب ، وبرودة الشتاء القارس ، إذ يختار الشاعر هذه الناقة اختيارا من بين الإبل التي تحمل مواصفات خاصة ، وتتمتع بإمكانات وقدرات معينة ، تستطيع أن تقله إلى الجهة التي يريدها .
إن مشهد الرحلة يعد جزءا لا يتجزأ من مشاهد القصيدة العربية الجاهلية ، وإن الحديث عن لوحة الرحلة في القصيدة الجاهلية بشكلها التقليدي ، يعد حديثا عن البنية الفنية لهذه القصيدة ، وقد تناولها البحث في موضوعاتها وخصائصها .
الدلالة الأخلاقية لأسماء السيدة فاطمة الزهراء ( عليها السلام
Authors: الراضي إبراهيم صبر 
Published: October 2019

كثيرة هي المسميات في الحياة الدنيا وبكثرتها تكون الأسماء ، فالناس لهم أسماء يعرفون بها ويناديهم بها الآخرون ، وهي أسماء تواضعوا على إطلاقها وهو ما نعرفه عن الأسماء والمسميات عامة ، أما فاطمة الزهراء ( عليها السلام ) خاصة فقد عرفت بأسماء وكنى وألقاب تفردت بها دون غيرها وقد تدخلت الإرادة الإلهية والنبي المصطفى ( صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم ) في إطلاقها على السيدة الزهراء (عليها السلام) .
وهذا البحث يتتبع تلك الأسماء والكنى والألقـاب من حيث معناها المعجمي أولاً ثم سبب تلك التسمية و بعد ذلك يسلط الضوء على الدلالة الأخلاقية وما يستفاد من دروس وعبر أخلاقية من تلك الأسماء التي حملتها (عليها السلام).
ولعلنا في هذا البحث نضع خطوة تضاف إلى خطوات من سبقنا في طريق البحث و الدراسة عن شخصية فاطمة الزهراء (عليها السلام).
ونحن في خطوتنا هذه نلتمس رضا الله تعالى و شفاعة الزهـراء (عليها السلام) بعد أبيها (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) لنا حينما نقف يوم الحشر بين يدي الله القاهر الجبار .
الكشف عن الأساليب النفسية والسلوكية لتجنيد الاطفال لدى الجماعات الارهابية
Authors: الدرويش نهى عارف علي قاسم 
Published: October 2019

تعد آليات التجنيد - بوصفها آليات تدريبية ميدانية - ثابتة نسبيا ، الا ان اعتمادها وتطبيقها على الاطفال في مجتمعات وبيئات متنوعة ومختلفة . ينبغي ان يتضمن جوانبا ذات خصوصية ثقافية بوصفها آليات تربوية ونفسية ذات صلة بطبيعة نسبية بحسب الاسس التربوية المعتمدة في عملية التنشئة الاجتماعية للطفل والتي تحددها معايير ثقافية خاصة بكل مجتمع .
لقد عانى المجتمع العراقي ومازال يعاني من وطأة الارهاب منذ بدء مسار تحوله سياسيا واجتماعيا نحو الديمقراطية عام (2003) وذلك لتصارع الارادات السياسية دوليا ومحليا وبما تمليه مصالحها المتخالفة مع ضرورات الامن والاستقرار الاجتماعي والسياسي في العراق ، مما انتج اوضاعا صعبة ومستجدات تحولية سلبية تمثلت بتفشي الفكر والسلوك الارهابي الذي طال اهم بنية بشرية في المجتمع وهي شريحة الاطفال الذين يعدون الاجيال المستقبلية القادمة التي ينبغي ان تمضي وتواصل مهماتها الوطنية في صيانة كرامة وامن الوطن والمحافظة على قيمه واخلاقياته الانسانية وتقدمه وازدهاره .
ولأن تجنيد الاطفال دون سن (18) سنة من قبل المنظمات الارهابية بدء يزداد انتشارا وبشكل خفي يصعب كشفه من قبل اولياء الامور والاجهزة الامنية على حد سواء ، ليس في العراق فقط وانما في مجتمعات اخرى من العالم ايضا ، وغالبا ما ينكشف الامر بعد تورط هؤلاء الاطفال وانسياقهم في مراحل متقدمة في التجنيد الارهابي ، مما يثير صدمة يعقبها سؤالين اساسيين : كيف ولماذا ؟؟
ولأجل وضع معالجات جوهرية لظاهرة تورط واستغلال الاطفال وتجنيدهم في التنظيمات الارهابية وتحويلهم الى جناة يطلق عليهم المجتمع الدولي " اطفال في نزاع مع القانون " ، ينبغي تحليل وقائع هذه الظاهرة وتشخيصها اجتماعيا وتربويا ونفسيا ، وهذا مايسعى اليه البحث الحالي ، وليكون مستقبلا ركيزة علمية لاجل وضع البرامج والآليات الصحيحة للتعامل معها وقائيا وعلاجيا ، فقد بدأت هذه الجماعات المسلحة باستخدام الاطفال الذين تتراوح اعمارهم بين 9 الى 14 سنة فى عمليات زرع العبوات الناسفة ، وتسليمهم أسلحة لغرض اغتيال عناصر الشرطة والجيش في تنفيذ هجمات مسلحة على القوات الامنية العراقية ، وزرع العبوات الناسفة ، وكذلك لتنفيذ عمليات إنتحارية ، واستخدامهم كدروع بشرية ، وبهذا اتخذ هؤلاء الاطفال صفة جديدة هي الارهابيون الاطفال .
لقد اعتبرت الامم المتحدة اليوم الثاني عشر من شباط من كل عام يوما لمناهظة تجنيد الاطفال في الحروب والنزاعات المسلحة. وكان العراق قد انضم عام 2006 الى معاهدة منع استخدام الاطفال في النزاعات المسلحة ، وهذا يؤشر بوضوح اهمية هذه المشكلة ليست في مجتمعنا فحسب وانما في كل مجتمعات العالم وبخاصة بعد ان اصبحت وسائل الاعلام الالكترونية في متناول يد جميع الاطفال في العالم وظهور ما يعرف بالتجنيد الالكتروني .
PKM Pelatihan Penulisan Karya Tulis Ilmiah Bagi Guru Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Situbondo di SD Islam Al Abror
Authors: Zahro Nur Holifatuz 
Published: October 2019

Kegiatan PKM ini dilakukan pada Lembaga Sekolah Dasar di Kelurahan Patokan Kec.Situbondo yaitu di SDI Al-Abror sebagai mitra. Kegiatan ini dimaksudkan untuk memotivasi dan melatih para guru di sekolah tersebut agar mau melaksanakan kegiatan penelitian dan mau menulis karya tulis ilimah secara berkesinambungan. Rancangan mekanisme pelaksanaan kegiatan PKM ini dilakukan dengan mengadopsi langkah-langkah action research yang terdiri dari 4 (empat) tahapan, yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan evaluasi, dan refleksi. Kegiatan-kegiatan atau aktivitas-aktivitas dari masing-masing tahapan yaitu (1) Perencaanaan, pada tahap ini dilakukan koordinasi awal antara tim pengusul program kemitraan bersama tim sekolah mitra untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang ada, analisis kebutuhan mitra, dan analisis potensi sekolah, selanjutnya disusun program pelatihan, (2) Pelaksanaan Tindakan, Tindakan dalam kegiatan ini berupa implementasi Program. Kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam implementasi program meliputi; pembentukan Tim Pelaksana, dan pelaksanaan Workshop Karya Tulis Ilmiah, (3) Observasi dan Evaluasi, Observasi dilakukan terhadap proses pembuatan karya tulis ilmiah (KTI) dan Jurnal Ilmiah oleh para guru mitra. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa catatan lapangan, tahapan akhir yaitu (4) Refleksi, Refleksi dilakukan terhadap kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan.
Book Reviews
Authors: Belge Boris , Bara Anna , Starks Tricia , Ward Christopher J. 
Published: October 2019

Smoking under the Tsars: A History of Tobacco in Imperial Russia. Tricia Starks. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018), xiii + 320 pp. ISBN 978-1-5017-2205-9.White Fox and Icy Seas in the Western Arctic: The Fur Trade, Transportation and Change in the Early Twentieth Century. John R. Bockstoce. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2018), 327 pp., index, illustrations, maps, $40.00 (hardback). ISBN 978-0-300-22179-4.Delo—Tabak: Polveka fabriki “Iava” glazami ee rukovoditelia. Leonid Sinel’nikov. (Moscow: Delo, 2017), 511 pp., ISBN: 978-5-7749-1260-5.Life Histories of Etnos Theory in Russia and Beyond. David G. Anderson, Dmitry V. Arzyutov and Sergei S. Alymov, eds. (Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2019), 425 pp., https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0150, ISBN 9781783745449.
Limits on transfer learning from photographic image data to X-ray threat detection
Authors: Caldwell Matthew , Griffin Lewis D. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: X-ray imaging is a crucial and ubiquitous tool for detecting threats to transport security, but interpretation of the images presents a logistical bottleneck. Recent advances in Deep Learning image classification offer hope of improving throughput through automation. However, Deep Learning methods require large quantities of labelled training data. While photographic data is cheap and plentiful, comparable training sets are seldom available for the X-ray domain. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether and to what extent it is feasible to exploit the availability of photo data to supplement the training of X-ray threat detectors. METHODS: A new dataset was collected, consisting of 1901 matched pairs of photo & X-ray images of 501 common objects. Of these, 258 pairs were of 69 objects considered threats in the context of aviation. This data was used to test a variety of transfer learning approaches. A simple model of threat cue availability was developed to understand the limits of this transferability. RESULTS: Appearance features learned from photos provide a useful basis for training classifiers. Some transfer from the photo to the X-ray domain is possible as ∼40% of danger cues are shared between the modalities, but the effectiveness of this transfer is limited since ∼60% of cues are not. CONCLUSIONS: Transfer learning is beneficial when X-ray data is very scarce—of the order of tens of training images in our experiments—but provides no significant benefit when hundreds or thousands of X-ray images are available.
Summary
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board 
Published: October 2019

In the Bulettin there are published the papers by V. Gryn’ko “Theoretical Sources of the Great White Brotherhood Teaching of Faith”, S. Valakh “Dualistic Concept of Kumran in the Context of the Christian World-Outlook”, V. Medvid’ “The Concept of Synthesis of Science and Religion in the Modern Theology”, V. Bodak “Social of Characterization of Religious Rites”.
Abstract of Collective Work "Ukraine and the Vatican: before and after the Second Vatican Council"
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board 
Published: October 2019

The first chapter titled “The Second Vatican Council: religious studies paradigm aggiornamento” contains articles that survey the achievements, problems and prospects of the Catholic Church in the post-Vatican II period and foreseeable future. The content of these materials has different aspects: philosophical, sociological, historical, and theological.
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH: HEALTH BUDGETS IN A MULTIFACTORIAL CONTEXT
Authors: Ancona Giuseppina , Fulco Eleonora , Marchese Simone 
Published: October 2019

In the last three years the Department of Mental Health of the ASP (Provincial Health Company) Agrigento (Italy) has become the protagonist of an attempt to change the cultural reality of mental health in its own territory, to ready local communities to overcome the prejudices linked to the stigma connected to psychiatric pathology through the implementation of an experimental project funded by the Sicily Region, the PON (National Operational Plan) 19.2. At the same time, the Department of Mental Health of the Provincial Health Authority (ASP) has experimented with the introduction of flexibility in care pathways for serious patients so as to pursue a model of integrated intervention combining the efforts public health, private social, citizens (training / work, residential care) in which public health continues to respect the responsibility and ownership of the service but is enriched with new human resources to promote patient citizenship itineraries.
All this is in order to prevent mental health problems, stimulate the inclusion and active participation of those suffering from mental health problems - recognizing the experience and skills of patients and caregivers as an essential basis for the planning and development of mental health services.
The goal of the project was to reduce the isolation of psychiatric patients by adopting new methods that determined an economic saving and a higher quality in therapeutic results: tools within the Health Budget