bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for single‐use body worn absorbent incontinence products
Authors: Fader Mandy , Cottenden Alan , Chatterton Chris , Engqvist Helena , Eustice Sharon , Newman Diane K. , Ostaszkiewicz Joan , Palmer Mary H. , Willson Tara , Haylen Bernard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsIn 2016, the International Continence Society (ICS) Standardization Steering Committee appointed a working group to address the confusing plethora of synonyms currently used to describe single‐use body worn absorbent incontinence products by recommending preferred terminology.MethodsAn online questionnaire was posted in 2016/17 inviting input from stakeholders internationally. The data were analyzed and conclusions progressively refined through working group discussions, an open meeting at the 2017 annual ICS conference, and a review of further iterations—including from the parent ICS Standardization Committee—until consensus was reached. Partway in, the International Organization for Standardization started a project with similar scope and the two organizations liaised to harmonize their conclusions while respecting each other's processes.ResultsA hundred people from 18 countries responded to the questionnaire. About a third (32.2%) of those declaring their nationality were from the UK and a further third (34.5%) from other English‐speaking countries. Two‐thirds (67.8%) lived in Europe; around a quarter (23%) in North America; and 9.2% in Australasia. Seven main design categories of products were identified and, while clear consensus was readily achieved in naming some of them, others required more work to determine the best term among multiple contenders.ConclusionsThe working group concluded that the seven product design categories should be called: (a) pads; (b) unbacked pads; (c) male pads; (d) male pouches; (e) pull‐on pads (protective underwear); (f) all‐in‐ones (wrap‐around pads, adult briefs); and (g) belted pads (belted products), in which the bracketed terms are judged acceptable (though not preferred) alternatives.
Treatment outcomes and overactive bladder symptoms after midurethral sling in female patients with or without various neurological diseases
Authors: Shin Jung H. , Park Kye W. , Park Juhyun , Choo Myung‐Soo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsWe investigated surgical outcomes and changes of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms after midurethral sling in female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) patients with or without neurological disease (ND) without spinal cord injury.MethodsPatients who underwent midurethral sling for SUI between January 2009 and December 2018 were reviewed. Postoperative changes in OAB symptoms (de novo occurrence or resolution) within 1 year were compared in each preoperative symptom subset with a 1:1 matched analysis between non‐neurological disease (NND) and ND group.ResultsA total of 855 patients (median follow‐up: 49.8 months; mean age: 57.9 ± 9.3 years) were included. Successful SUI correction was achieved in 95.0% of NND and 93.7% of ND patients (p = .440). Among 797 patients (711 NND and 86 ND) without remnant SUI, 227 had SUI only, 198 had SUI with urgency, and 372 had mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) preoperatively. The ND patients tended to be older (62.8 ± 9.2 vs. 57.2 ± 9.0 years) and had higher proportions of diabetes (24.4% vs. 8.0%), hypertension (47.7% vs. 26.7%), and MUI (64.0% vs. 44.6%) than NND patients (p < .001, respectively). After matching age, diabetes, and hypertension, the incidence of de novo OAB was higher in ND patients (SUI only; 21.1% vs. 5.3%; p < .001) while resolution rates of urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) were similar (MUI; 57.7% vs. 53.9%; p = .414).ConclusionsSuccess rates of midurethral sling and resolution of UUI were comparable between NND and ND patients. In patients with neurological conditions, de novo OAB symptoms were more likely to develop.
Applications and efficient algorithms for integer programming problems on monotone constraints
Authors: Hochbaum Dorit S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present here classes of integer programming problems that are solvable efficiently and with combinatorial flow algorithms. The problems are characterized by constraints that have either at most two variables per inequality that appear with opposite sign coefficients, or have in addition a third variable that appears only in one constraint. Such integer programs, referred to here as monotone IP2 or IP3, are shown to be solvable in polynomial time for polynomially bounded variables. This article demonstrates the vast applicability of IP2 and IP3 as models for integer programs in multiple scenarios. Since the problems are easily recognized, the knowledge of their structure enables one to determine easily that they are efficiently solvable. The variety of applications, that previously were not known to be solved as efficiently, underlies the importance of recognizing this structure and, if appropriate, formulating problems as monotone IP2 or IP3. Additionally, if there is flexibility in the modeling of an integer programming problem, the formulation choice as monotone IP2 or IP3 leads to efficient algorithms, whereas slightly different modeling choices would lead to NP‐hard problems.
A polynomial algorithm for minimizing travel time in consistent time‐dependent networks with waits
Authors: Omer Jérémy , Poss Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe consider a time‐dependent shortest path problem with possible waiting at some nodes of the graph and a global bound W on the total waiting time. The goal is to minimize the time traveled along the edges of the path, not including the waiting time. We prove that the problem can be solved in polynomial time when the travel time functions are piecewise linear and continuous. The algorithm relies on a recurrence relation characterized by a bound ω on the total waiting time, where 0 ≤ ω ≤ W. We show that only a small number of values ω1, ω2, …, ωK need to be considered, where K depends on the total number of breakpoints of all travel time functions.
A general higher‐order shell theory for compressible isotropic hyperelastic materials using orthonormal moving frame
Authors: Arbind Archana , Reddy Junuthula N. , R. Arun 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe primary objective of this study is threefold: (1) to present a general higher‐order shell theory to analyze large deformations of thin or thick shell structures made of general compressible hyperelastic materials; (2) to formulate an efficient shell theory using the orthonormal moving frame, and (3) to develop and apply the nonlinear weak‐form Galerkin finite element model for the proposed shell theory. The displacement field of the line normal to the shell reference surface is approximated by the Taylor series/Legendre polynomials in the thickness coordinate of the shell. The use of an orthonormal moving frame makes it possible to represent kinematic quantities (e.g., the determinant of the deformation gradient) in a far more efficient manner compared with the nonorthogonal covariant bases. Kinematic quantities for the shell deformation are obtained in a novel way in the surface coordinate described in the appendix of this study with the help of exterior calculus. Furthermore, the governing equation of the shell deformation has been derived in the general surface coordinates. To obtain the nonlinear solution in the quasi‐static cases, we develop the weak‐form finite element model in which the reference surface of the shell is modeled exactly. The general invariant based compressible hyperelastic material model is considered. The formulation presented herein can be specialized for various other nonlinear compressible hyperelastic constitutive models, for example, in biomechanics and other soft‐material problems (e.g., compressible neo‐Hookean material, compressible Mooney–Rivlin material, Saint Venant–Kirchhoff model, and others). A number of numerical examples are presented to verify and validate the formulation presented in this study. The scope of potential extensions are outlined in the final section of this study.
A new approximation for the generalized fractional derivative and its application to generalized fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Ding Qinxu , Wong Patricia J. Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we derive a fourth order approximation for thegeneralizedfractional derivative that is characterized by a scale functionz(t)and a weight functionw(t). Combining the new approximation with compact finite difference method, we develop a numerical scheme for a generalized fractional diffusion problem. The stability and convergence of the numerical scheme are proved by the energy method, and it is shown that the temporal and spatial convergence orders are both 4. Several numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the efficiency of our scheme.
Finite difference method combined with differential quadrature method for numerical computation of the modified equal width wave equation
Authors: Başhan Ali , Yağmurlu N. Murat , Uçar Yusuf , Esen Alaattin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to improve the numerical solution of the modified equal width wave equation. For this purpose, finite difference method combined with differential quadrature method with Rubin and Graves linearizing technique has been used. Modified cubic B‐spline base functions are used as base function. By the combination of two numerical methods and effective linearizing technique high accurate numerical algorithm is obtained. Three main test problems are solved for various values of the coefficients. To observe the performance of the present method, the error norms of the single soliton problem which has analytical solution are calculated. Besides these error norms, three invariants are reported. Comparison of the results displays that our algorithm produces superior results than those given in the literature.
Weak Galerkin finite element method for a class of time fractional generalized Burgers' equation
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Xu Da , Zhou Jun , Guo Jing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, we use the weak Galerkin (WG) finite element method to study a class of time fractional generalized Burgers' equation. The existence of numerical solutions and the stability of fully discrete scheme are proved. Meanwhile, by applying the energy method, an optimal order error estimate in discrete L2 norm is established. Numerical experiments are presented to validate the theoretical analysis.
Metabolic Health Status Contributes to Transcriptome Alternation in Human Visceral Adipose Tissue During Obesity
Authors: Zhou Qiuzhong , Fu Zhenzhen , Gong Yingyun , Seshachalam Veerabrahma Pratap , Li Jia , Ma Yizhe , Liang Hui , Guan Wei , Lin Shibo , Ghosh Sujoy , Sun Lei , Zhou Hongwen 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveBMI is a well‐established factor affecting the transcriptome profile of adipose tissue, but there are few reports on the relationship between the metabolic health status of people with obesity and the transcriptional changes, particularly in visceral adipose tissue.MethodsVisceral adipose tissue was collected from three subgroups of patients, lean (n = 11), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO; n = 22), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO; n = 26), and RNA sequencing was conducted to profile the transcriptome changes between these groups in a pairwise manner.ResultsComparing MUO with lean and comparing MHO with lean revealed similar patterns in gene expression and pathway changes: obesity, regardless of metabolic health, was associated with upregulated inflammatory pathways. However, the inflammatory signature in MUO was stronger than in MHO. Pairwise comparisons among MUO, MHO, and lean samples identified 34 common differentially expressed genes; 12 out of 34 genes were associated with inflammatory pathways and exhibited a gradually increased expression pattern in the order of lean, MHO, and MUO.ConclusionsThis study reveals not only that BMI plays an important role in determining the gene expression profile in visceral adipose tissue but also that a metabolically healthy condition is associated with a less inflammatory transcriptional change during obesity.
Can Electronic Health Records Validly Estimate the Effects of Health System Interventions Aimed at Controlling Body Weight?
Authors: Gallis John A. , Kusibab Kristie , Egger Joseph R. , Olsen Maren K. , Askew Sandy , Steinberg Dori M. , Bennett Gary 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare weight collected at clinics and recorded in the electronic health record (EHR) with primary study‐collected trial weights to assess the validity of using EHR data in future pragmatic weight loss or weight gain prevention trials.MethodsFor both the Track and Shape obesity intervention randomized trials, clinic EHR weight data were compared with primary trial weight data over the same time period. In analyzing the EHR weights, intervention effects were estimated on the primary outcome of weight (in kilograms) with EHR data, using linear mixed effects models.ResultsEHR weight measurements were higher on average and more variable than trial weight measurements. The mean difference and 95% CI were similar at all time points between the estimates using EHR and study‐collected weights.ConclusionsThe results of this study can be used to help guide the planning of future pragmatic weight‐related trials. This study provides evidence that body weight measurements abstracted from the EHR can provide valid, efficient, and cost‐effective data to estimate treatment effects from randomized clinical weight loss and weight management trials. However, care should be taken to properly understand the data‐generating process and any mechanisms that may affect the validity of these estimates.
Gestational Cytokines and the Developmental Expression of Obesity in Childhood
Authors: Ghassabian Akhgar , Hornig Mady , Chen Zhen , Yeung Edwina , Buka Stephen L. , Yu Jing , Ma Gina , Goldstein Jill M. , Gilman Stephen E. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis study examined the extent to which maternal immune activity during pregnancy is associated with childhood adiposity, and if so, whether associations at birth differ from those in infancy and childhood. Sex‐specific associations were also examined.MethodsParticipants were 1,366 singleton pregnancies from the Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959‐1966). Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐8, and IL‐10 in maternal sera were assayed repeatedly during pregnancy. Children’s BMI was calculated repeatedly from birth through age 8 and derived age‐ and sex‐normalized BMI z scores (BMIz). Linear mixed models were used to estimate the cumulative concentration of each cytokine in the second and third trimesters and then related this concentration to child BMIz.ResultsChildren exposed to higher IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐10 concentrations had lower BMIz at birth but higher BMIz during childhood. Higher concentrations of IL‐8 and IL‐1β were also associated with higher BMIz during infancy (B per log increase in IL‐8 = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.07; B per log increase in IL‐1β = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.06). The associations between TNF‐α and BMIz were in opposing directions in boys (B = −0.13; 95% CI: −0.31 to 0.04) and girls (B = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.26) during childhood.ConclusionsMaternal prenatal inflammation contributes to the age‐ and sex‐specific programming of obesity risk in childhood.
Survival Predictability Between the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th Edition Staging System and the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Classification in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Li-Ju , Chang Yun-Jau , Chang Yao-Jen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This study compared the prognostic significance of staging between the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) staging system and the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The study population comprised patients with liver cancer registered in the Taiwan Cancer Database from 2007 to 2013 and was followed up until December 31, 2016. The study included patients with HCC, with known staging in both TNM and BCLC systems, and with follow-up &gt;1 month. Primary endpoint was overall survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were constructed to investigate the significance of staging by two systems. Goodness-of-fit of model was evaluated via Akaike's information criterion (AIC), the lower the better. Among 73,136 patients with newly diagnosed liver cancer, a total of 37,062 patients with HCC (25.6% underwent surgery) were eligible. The mean age and overall survival of this cohort were 63.9 years and 27.2%, respectively. Overall survivals for stages I, II, III, and IV (the TNM system) were 54.5%, 34.9%, 10.3%, and 6.4%, respectively. Overall survivals for stages A, B, C, and D (the BCLC classification) were 54.5%, 29.2%, 9.8%, and 4.0%, respectively. The median follow-up time was 59.4 months. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that both systems predicted overall survival, cancer-specific survival, disease-free survival, and local recurrence-free rate well. Values of ΔAIC of the BCLC classification and the TNM system were lower for the surgery group and nonsurgery group, respectively. The TNM system (8th edition) predicted long-term outcome better than the BCLC classification in patients with HCC. But in patients treated initially with surgery, the BCLC classification outperformed the 8th edition of the TNM system.

Implications for Practice
This work demonstrates that the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) system (8th edition) and the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification both predict long-term outcome significantly in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma but that the TNM system (8th edition) predicts long-term outcome better than the BCLC classification. For patients treated initially with surgery, BCLC classification outperforms in 8th edition TNM system in predicting long-term outcome.
Increasing College Going by Incentivizing Savings: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Italy
Authors: Martini Alberto , Azzolini Davide , Romano Barbara , Vergolini Loris 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe estimate the impact of a matched savings account program on high school students’ college enrollment and persistence through a randomized controlled trial carried out in Italy. The tested program (Percorsi) provided low‐income high school students with a 4:1 match rate for savings dedicated to higher education expenditures and required that they attended financial education classes. The program increased rates of enrollment and persistence in university by about nine percentage points. Effects were even larger for vocational school students, who have poorer social backgrounds and lower academic preparation. Incentivized savings programs have potential to reduce social disparities in higher education participation, though the lower saving capacity of poorer households can generate regressivity in program design.
YAP signaling induces PIEZO1 to promote oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation
Authors: Hasegawa Kana , Fujii Shinsuke , Matsumoto Shinji , Tajiri Yudai , Kikuchi Akira , Kiyoshima Tamotsu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost cancer cells are exposed to altered extracellular environments, such as an increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and soluble signals consisting of growth factors and cytokines. It is therefore conceivable that changes in tumor extracellular environments affect tumor cell behavior. The Hippo pathway reportedly responds to the extracellular environment and regulates the nuclear localization of the transcription co‐activator, yes‐associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ). Inactivation of the Hippo pathway with nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ stimulates cell proliferation. Its pathway also regulates gene expression, but the precise molecule(s) meditating the cell‐proliferating effect of YAP signaling on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unclear. First, we examined the effects of YAP signaling on OSCC tumorigenesis. Loss‐of‐function experiments using siRNA or an inhibitor, and immunohistochemical analyses of tissue specimens obtained from OSCC patients demonstrated that YAP signaling was involved in OSCC cell proliferation. Second, we identified Piezo‐type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (PIEZO1), a Ca2+ channel, as a transcriptional target of YAP signaling and showed that elevated PIEZO1 was required for PIEZO1 agonist‐dependent Ca2+ entry and cell proliferation in OSCC cells. Experiments using three‐dimensional and suspension culture revealed that PIEZO1 was involved in OSCC cellular growth. Finally, YAP overexpression in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm was immunohistochemically detected in tumor lesions with frequent expression of both PIEZO1 and Ki‐67, but not in non‐tumor regions of OSCC specimens. These results suggest that the YAP/PIEZO1 axis promotes OSCC cell growth. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of polyaniline‐ and polythiophene‐based copolymer and its nanocomposite suitable for electro‐optical devices
Authors: Dey Sadhu Susmita , Meena Prem Lata , Kumar Jitender , Gupta Juhi , Choudhary Sunil , Gupta Arun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDoped polyaniline (PANI), doped polythiophene and their copolymers (by interfacial and aqueous polymerization) with monomers at 50:50 ratio has been synthesized and are characterised by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The copolymer synthesized by interfacial polymerization is mixed with copper oxide nanoparticle synthesized chemically in lab at 0.2% loading. XRD measurement showed no peak for PANI and polythiophene, which confirms amorphous structure of the two. However, clear peak for copper oxide nanoparticle at 2θ= 36.45 and multiple peaks for the copolymer (interfacial polymerization) and the copolymer Nanocomposite signifies crystalline structure. TGA results show that the stability of copolymer prepared by interfacial polymerization lies in between the PANI and polythiophene. FTIR spectroscopy confirms that both aniline and thiophene units are present in the interfacial copolymer. Further the monomers are chemically linked in the copolymer (by interfacial and aqueous polymerization). The presence of peak at about 1103 cm−1confirms the formation of NS bonding by reaction in between aniline and thiophene in the interfacial copolymer. The uniform distribution of nanoparticles in copolymer (interfacial polymerization) matrix have been confirmed from TEM images. The electrical properties of polymers, copolymers and copper oxide Nanocomposite are studied from which it is found that the copolymer have a synergistic effect on the improvement of conductivity when compared with the individual polymers. The 0.2% loading of copper oxide nanoparticles further improves the conductivity of the interfacial copolymer by approximate 15.24‐fold.