bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Adaptive Prediction Time Horizon Based Model Predictive Steering Control Algorithm for Autonomous Vehicle With Disturbance Estimation
Authors: Oh Kwang-Seok , Song Tae-Jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes an adaptive prediction time horizon based model predictive steering control algorithm for autonomous vehicle with disturbance estimation. The model predictive control (MPC) requires relatively accurate system model to compute the reasonable control inputs. There exists model uncertainty between system model and actual system. And the uncertainty can be increased in the prediction step of MPC and that can have an influence on control performance. In order to address the issue, the uncertainty has been estimated using the sliding mode observer and predicted in the designed prediction algorithm based on gray prediction model. Using the predicted future uncertainties, the number of prediction steps has been determined with the uncertainty threshold value. The path tracking control algorithm for autonomous driving has been used to compute the steering angle of vehicle. The performance evaluation of the adaptive MPC has been conducted using the simplified bicycle model in Matlab/Simulink environment under the lane change scenario.
A Method for Characterizing the Head-Disk Interface Dynamics Near the Touchdown Conditions Using the Magnetic Fly-Height
Authors: Rai Rahul , Srivastava Abhishek , Knigge Bernhard , Murthy Aravind N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recent growth in the cloud storage industry has created a massive demand for higher capacity hard disk drives (HDD). A sub-nanometer head media spacing (HMS) remains the most critical pre-requisite to achieve the areal density needed to deliver the next generation of HDD products. Designing a robust head-disk interface (HDI) with small physical clearance requires the understanding of slider dynamics, especially when the head flies in proximity to the disk surface. In this paper, we describe a method using the magnetic read-back signal to characterize the head fly-height modulations as it undergoes a transition from a free-flying state to soft contact with the disk surface. A technique based on the magnetic fly-height sensitivity is introduced for the identification of the transition plane that corresponds to the onset of the touchdown process. Additionally, the proposed magnetic spacing based meteorology is used to study the effect of the air bearing stiffness on the magnitude of the slider vibrations induced by intermittent head-disk interactions. The information about the minimum spacing while maintaining the stable flying conditions can help in reducing the head-disk interaction risk that can enable a low clearance interface.
Investigation of Biofilm-Inhibiting Zinc-Silver Oxide Urinary Catheter Coatings
Authors: Vaitkus Simonas , Simoes-Torigoe Rafaela , Gotlib Oren , Morris Karcher , Spada Frederick E. , Alagiri Madhu , Talke Frank E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a widespread complication within hospitals and nursing homes. A potential treatment is to use a biofilm-inhibiting catheter. In this paper, methods for creating a biofilm retardant catheter coating using silver, silver oxide, and/or zinc particles combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are described. The coating was first applied to the outside surface of the catheter and then tested for its antimicrobial properties with respect to preventing planktonic and biofilm growth of Escherichia coli. A comparison of our “in house” created catheters was then made with commercially available antimicrobial urinary catheters.
PERSonalised Incentives for Supporting Tobacco cessation (PERSIST) among healthcare employees: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Boderie Nienke W , van Kippersluis Johannes LW , Ó Ceallaigh Diarmaid T , Radó Márta K , Burdorf Alex , van Lenthe Frank J , Been Jasper V 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundSmoking is the primary preventable risk factor for disease and premature mortality. It is highly addictive and cessation attempts are often unsuccessful. Incentive-based programmes may be an effective method to reach sustained abstinence. Individualisation of incentives based on personal characteristics yields potential to further increase the effectiveness of incentive-based programmes.MethodA randomised controlled trial among healthcare workers recruited through their employer and signed up for a group-based smoking cessation programme. The intervention under study is the provision of personalised incentives on validated smoking cessation at several time points after the smoking cessation programme. A total of 220 participants are required. Participants are randomised 1:1 into intervention (personalised incentives) or control (no incentives). All participants join the group-based programme. Incentives are provided on validated abstinence directly after the smoking cessation programme and after 3, 6 and 12 months.Incentives are provided according to four schemes:(1) Standard: total reward size €350, pay-out scheme: €50 (t=0), €50 (t=3 months), €50 (t=6 months) and €200 (t=12 months), (2) descending: total reward size €300, pay-out scheme: €150, €100, €50 and €0, (3) ascending: total reward size: €400, pay-out scheme: €0, €0, €50 and €350 and (4) deposit: total reward size €450, pay-out scheme: €50, €50, €150, €200; participants pay a €100 deposit, returned conditional on abstinence after 6 months.Advice on which incentive scheme suits participants best is based on willingness to provide a deposit, readiness to quit, nicotine dependency and long-term or short-term reward preference. Participants are free to deviate from this advice. Abstinence is validated at each time point, with 15 months of total follow-up. The primary end point is validated abstinence at 12 months. Effectiveness will be determined by intention-to-treat analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe Erasmus MC Medical Ethics Committee decided that according to the Dutch Human Research Law (WMO), the protocol required no formal ethical approval. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and communicated to the participants.Trial registration numberNetherlands Trial Register NL7711.
Data sharing: experience of accessing individual patient data from completed randomised controlled trials in vascular and cognitive medicine
Authors: Scutt Polly , Woodhouse Lisa J , Montgomery Alan A , Bath Philip M 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesMeta-analysis based on individual patient data (IPD) from randomised trials is superior to using published summary data since it facilitates subgroup and multiple variable analyses. Guidelines and funders expect that researchers share IPD for bona fide analyses, but in practice, this is done variably. Here, we report the experience of obtaining IPD for two collaborative analysis studies.SettingTwo linked studies required IPD from published randomised trials. The leading researchers for eligible trials were approached and asked to share IPD including trial characteristics, patient demographics, baseline clinical data and outcome measures.ParticipantsParticipants in eligible randomised controlled trials included patients with or at risk of cognitive decline/vascular events.Primary and secondary outcome measuresNumbers (%) of trials where the leading researcher responded favourably/negatively or did not respond. If negative, reasons behind the response were collected. If positive, methods used to share IPD were recorded.ResultsAcross the two studies, 391 completed trials were identified. Email addresses for researchers were found for 313 (80%) of the trials. One hundred and forty-eight (47%) researchers did not respond despite being sent multiple emails. Following contact, positive initial responses were received from 92 researchers, resulting in IPD being shared for 78 trials. Eighty-seven (28%) researchers declined to share data; justifications were recorded. The median time from first request to accessing data in one study was 241 (IQR 383.3) days. IPD sources included: direct from researcher, via academic trial funders repository and a website requiring remote analysis of commercial data. Where data were shared, a variety of methods were used to transfer data.ConclusionSharing of IPD from trials is desirable and a requirement of many funding bodies. However, accessing IPD faces multiple challenges including refusals to share, delays in access to data and having to perform analyses on a remote website.Trial registrationNot applicable.
Motivations for firearm possession and storage practices among urban young adults: differences between parents and non-parents
Authors: Sokol Rebeccah Lyn , Schmidt Carissa , Miller Alison L , Walton Maureen A , Zimmerman Marc , Resnicow Kenneth , Cunningham Rebecca M , Carter Patrick M 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate motivations for firearm possession among urban young adults and determine if differences emerge between parents and non-parents, and to identify if storage practices differed according to motivation for firearm possession and parenting status.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data among young adults seeking urban emergency department treatment at Hurley Medical Center between 2017 and 2018. Our analyses, completed in 2020, included 194 firearm-possessing young adults, 95 of whom were young parents.ResultsFirearm-possessing parents were more likely to have a firearm for protection, than for any other motivation, compared with firearm-possessing non-parents (OR: 2.38, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.46). A significant interaction between parenting status and motivation for possession indicated the association between protective motivations and locked storage was significantly different between parents and non-parents, whereby there was a decreased odds of locked storage among non-parents who were motivated to possess a firearm for protection compared with any other motivation, but this association did not exist for parents (interaction OR=10.57, p<0.05).ConclusionParental motivation for possessing a firearm most often lies in the desire to protect families. This motivation, however, does not necessitate unsafe storage.
Income inequality in life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy in Denmark
Authors: Brønnum-Hansen Henrik , Foverskov Else , Andersen Ingelise 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundIncome has seldom been used to study social differences in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). This study investigates income inequalities in life expectancy and DFLE at age 50 and 65 and estimates the contributions from the mortality and disability effects on the differences between income groups.MethodsLife tables by income quintile were constructed using Danish register data on equivalised disposable household income and mortality. Data on activity limitations from the Danish part of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was linked to register data on income. For each income quintile, life table data and prevalence data of no activity limitations from SHARE were combined to estimate DFLE. Differences between income quintiles in DFLE were decomposed into contributions from mortality and disability effects.ResultsA clear social gradient was seen for life expectancy as well as DFLE. Life expectancy at age 50 differed between the highest and lowest income quintiles by 8.6 years for men and 5.5 years for women. The difference in DFLE was 12.8 and 11.0 years for men and women, respectively. The mortality effect from the decomposition contributed equally for men and slightly more for women to the difference in expected lifetime without than with activity limitations. The disability effect contributed by 8.5 years for men and 8.0 years for women.ConclusionThe income inequality gradient was steeper for DFLE than life expectancy. Since income inequality increases, DFLE by income is an important indicator for monitoring social inequality in the growing share of elderly people.
Traversable wormhole modelling with exponential and hyperbolic shape functions in F(R,T) framework
Authors: Shweta  , Mishra Ambuj Kumar , Sharma Umesh Kumar 
Published: September 2020

The concept of traversable wormhole, a hypothetical tunnel-like structure is initially proposed by Morris and Thorne (Am. J. Phys. 56, 395 (1988)) by using Einstein’s general relativity theory. Harko et al. (Phys. Rev. D 84, 024020 (2011)) defined [Formula: see text] gravity as an extended gravitational theory having terms [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as Ricci scalar and trace of energy momentum respectively. In this article, we explore wormhole models for the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity by using two different shape functions. The first shape function is [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] (proposed by Mishra and Sharma, arXiv:2003.00298v1 , 2020) and second is a hyperbolic shape function which is of the form [Formula: see text]. Geometrical behavior of wormholes are discussed in anisotropic scenario by using equation of state [Formula: see text]. The stability of models are analyzed by using equilibrium condition and determining gravitational force, anisotropic force, hydrostatic force and force due to modified gravity. For the validation of null energy condition and weak energy condition, significant role of shape function is illustrated for the presence of nonexotic matter.
O Pensamento Econômico Católico
Authors: Mamede Bruno Fernandes Dantas 
Published: September 2020

Neste artigo[1] buscamos fazer um compêndio das principais ideias que nortearam o chamado Pensamento Econômico Católico, do seu surgimento, fruto da reflexão escolástica, a sua fragmentação, ligada às circunstâncias impostas pela Segunda Guerra Mundial. A reflexão católica sobre o funcionamento da economia constitui um capítulo pouco explorado pelo campo da História das Ideias e, especificamente, pela História do Pensamento Econômico. As primeiras contribuições sistemáticas, nesse sentido, são feitas pelos escolásticos, de Santo Tomás de Aquino até os intelectuais da Escola de Salamanca, buscando, de forma geral, posicionar a moral católica frente às transformações econômicas geradas pelo Renascimento Comercial e Urbano, entre os séculos XI e XIII. A sequência de acontecimentos históricos, como as grandes navegações, o surgimento de novas rotas de comércio, a colonização da América, e a consolidação do capitalismo mercantil exigiu que a Igreja Católica continuasse a pensar sobre os problemas advindos dessas novas dinâmicas econômicas. De acordo com a necessidade, as elites intelectuais do catolicismo se revezaram na busca da “cristianização” da economia, ora de forma mais intensa, ora com longos intervalos de silêncio, até que se estrutura de formas mais palpáveis entre os séculos XIX e XX.

[1] O texto a seguir compõe uma parte do primeiro capítulo da dissertação que defendemos no Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Econômica da USP em 2019, intitulada “O Pensamento Econômico Católico e a Doutrina Social da Igreja: As contribuições de Joseph Ratzinger-Bento XVI”.
Patient-Reported Factors Associated with the Onset of Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders
Authors: Kridgen Samantha , Hillman Robert E. , Stadelman-Cohen Tara , Zeitels Steven , Burns James A. , Hron Tiffiny , Krusemark Carol , Muise Jason , Van Stan Jarrad H. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hyperfunctional voice disorders would be improved by better understanding their etiological contributing factors. Therefore, this study estimated the prevalence of etiological factors using self-reported data about disorder onset from a large cohort of patients with Phonotraumatic Vocal Hyperfunction (PVH) and Non-Phonotraumatic Vocal Hyperfunction (NPVH). Methods: Retrospective chart review extracted the self-reported rate (gradual, sudden) and events associated (voice use, anxiety/stress, upper respiratory infection [URI]) with disorder onset from 1,577 patients with PVH and 979 patients with NPVH. Results: Both patient groups reported a gradual onset more than a sudden onset. Voice use was the most frequently reported event for PVH and the NPVH group self-reported all three events at equal frequency. The largest PVH subgroups were associated with voice use while the NPVH subgroups were associated with only voice use, only URI, or only anxiety/stress. Conclusion: The results support the general clinical view that PVH is most strongly related to the gradual accumulated effects of phonotrauma, while NPVH has a more heterogeneous etiology. The identified PVH and NPVH subgroups may have clinical relevance and future work could investigate differences in treatment and outcomes among these subgroups.
Projected spending for brand-name drugs in English primary care given US prices: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Michael , MacKenna Brian , Feldman William B , Walker Alex J , Avorn Jerry , Kesselheim Aaron S , Goldacre Ben 
Published: September 2020

Summary Objectives To estimate additional spending if NHS England paid the same prices as US Medicare Part D for the 50 single-source brand-name drugs with the highest expenditure in English primary care in 2018. Design Retrospective analysis of 2018 drug prescribing and spending in the NHS England prescribing data and the Medicare Part D Drug Spending Dashboard and Data. We examined the 50 costliest drugs in English primary care available as brand-name-only in the US and England. We performed cost projections of NHS England spending with US Medicare Part D prices. We estimated average 2018 US rebates as 1 minus the quotient of net divided by gross Medicare Part D spending. Setting England and US Participants NHS England and US Medicare systems Main outcome measures Total spending, prescriptions and claims in NHS England and Medicare Part D. All spending and cost measures were reported in 2018 British pounds. Results NHS England spent £1.39 billion on drugs in the cohort. All drugs were more expensive under US Medicare Part D than NHS England. The US–England price ratios ranged from 1.3 to 9.9 (mean ratio 4.8). Accounting for prescribing volume, if NHS England had paid US Medicare Part D prices after adjusting for estimated US rebates, it would have spent 4.6 times as much in 2018 on drugs in the cohort (£6.42 billion). Conclusions Spending by NHS England would be substantially higher if it paid US Medicare Part D prices. This could result in decreased access to medicines and other health services.
Developing an Indoor Navigation Application: Identifying the Needs and Preferences of Users Who Are Visually Impaired
Authors: Ponchillia Paul E. , Jo Song-Jae , Casey Kim , Harding Sheri 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: This study identified users’ indoor navigation concerns, prototype feature preferences, and perceptions of the relative importance and difficulty of certain building types in order to guide the development of an accurate and user-friendly indoor navigation application. Methods: Six-hundred fourteen adult volunteers who are legally blind from the 7,000-member Sendero global positioning system (GPS) electronic discussion group completed a 27-item survey instrument using Survey Monkey Pro online. Data were analyzed using chi-square and cross tabulation statistics. Results: Participants felt points of interest were the most important type of indoor information, that ability to know their location at any time the most important application feature, and verbal output with auditory and vibrational cues, the best output mode. Airports and bus or rail transit facilities scored highest as important buildings for navigation systems, and sports arenas and airports scored highest as difficult buildings to navigate. Chi-square analyses demonstrated that gender and GPS use were related to travel confidence. In addition, GPS use was related to user age, degree of reading vision, and employment. Discussion: The findings demonstrate user preferences for an indoor wayfinding application and high-priority building types. Regardless of stated preferences, it is important to allow the user to customize the application settings. The judgments on building importance of participants provide data on which to prioritize future site development. The chi-square analyses were exploratory in nature and designed to discover possible relationships. Implications for practitioners: Vision education and rehabilitation professionals can use the findings to understand the process of accessible indoor navigation and structure lessons accordingly. Developers can improve their products. Both groups can know and understand the indoor wayfinding perceptions and opinions of more than 600 individuals who are legally blind.
The 2019 Bo Lindell Laureate Lecture: On the use of interdisciplinary, stakeholder-driven, radiation protection research in support of medical uses of ionising radiation
Authors: Ainsbury E.A. 
Published: September 2020

Medical exposures form the largest manmade contributor to total ionising radiation exposure of the UK population. In recent years, new technologies have been developed to improve treatment and prognosis of individuals treated with radiation for diseases such as cancer. However, there is evidence of public, patient, and medical professional concern that radiation protection regulations and practices, as well as understanding of potential long-term adverse health effects of radiation exposure (in the context of other health risks), have not always ‘kept pace’ with technological developments in this field. This is a truly complex, multi-disciplinary problem for the modern world. The ‘Radiation Theme’ of the Public Health England and Newcastle University Health Protection Research Unit on ‘Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards’ is addressing this need, with a key focus on a genuinely interdisciplinary approach bringing together world-leading epidemiologists, radiation biologists, clinicians, statisticians, and artists. In addition, the project has a strong grounding in public, patient, and medical professional involvement in research. Similarly, the EU-CONCERT-funded LDLensRad project seeks to understand the mechanisms of action of low-dose ionising radiation in the lens of the eye, and the potential contribution to the development of cataract – in contemporary research, such projects will only be considered successful when they make use of expertise from a variety of fields and when they are able to demonstrate that the outputs are not only of benefit to society, but that society understands and welcomes the benefits. Finally, successful engagement, training, and retention of early career scientists within this field is crucial for sustainability of the research. Herein, the contribution of embedded interdisciplinary working, stakeholder involvement, and training of early career scientists to recent advancements in the field of medical (and wider) radiation protection research is discussed and considered.