bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon source requirements for mating and mating‐type switching in the methylotrophic yeasts Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha and Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris)
Authors: Feng Dahao , Stoyanov Anton , Olliff Juliana C. , Wolfe Kenneth H. , Lahtchev Kantcho , Hanson Sara J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe methylotrophic yeasts Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha and Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) have important industrial applications and are models for several biological processes including peroxisome biology and methanol metabolism. We examined the carbon source requirements for mating‐type (MAT) switching and mating in both species. Haploid strains of O. polymorpha and K. phaffii are homothallic, and switch MAT by a flip/flop mechanism in which a chromosomal region containing the MAT genes undergoes an inversion. MAT switching is induced by nitrogen starvation in both species and can be detected 4–6 hr after induction. Both switching and mating require a utilizable carbon source that can be either fermentable or nonfermentable. We further observed that although methanol can be used as a sole carbon source in both species, it does not support the induction of MAT switching or mating. Our results provide insight into the nutritional cues that influence entry into sexual processes in methylotrophic yeasts that undergo flip/flop MAT switching.
Cubic interactions for arbitrary spin $$ \mathcal{N} $$ -extended massless supermultiplets in 4d flat space
Authors: Metsaev R.R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
-extended massless arbitrary integer and half-integer spin supermultiplets in four dimensional flat space are studied in the framework of light-cone gauge formalism. For such multiplets, by using light-cone momentum superspace, we build unconstrained light-cone gauge superfield formulation. The superfield formulation is used to develop a superspace representation for all cubic interactions vertices of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
-extended massless supermultiplets. Our suitable treatment of the light-cone gauge superfields allows us to obtain attractively simple superspace representation for the cubic interaction vertices. Su- perspace realization of relativistic symmetries of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
-extended Poincaré superalgebra on space of interacting fields is also obtained.
The uniqueness of hypergravity
Authors: Rahman Rakibur 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe show that consistent interactions of a spin-2 and a higher-spin Majorana fermion gauge fields in 30 fiat space lead uniquely to Aragone-Deser hypergravity or its generalization. Our analysis employs the ERST-cohomological techniques, and works in the metric-like formulation under the assumptions of locality, parity and Poincaré invariance. Local hypersymmetry shows up as the unique consistent deformation of the gauge transformations. An extension of the theory with fermion flavors does not change these features, while a cosmological deformation becomes obstructed unless we allow for some new degrees of freedom and/or non-locality.
The common message of constraint-based optimization approaches: overflow metabolism is caused by two growth-limiting constraints
Authors: de Groot Daan H. , Lischke Julia , Muolo Riccardo , Planqué Robert , Bruggeman Frank J. , Teusink Bas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLiving cells can express different metabolic pathways that support growth. The criteria that determine which pathways are selected in which environment remain unclear. One recurrent selection is overflow metabolism: the simultaneous usage of an ATP-efficient and -inefficient pathway, shown for example in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cancer cells. Many models, based on different assumptions, can reproduce this observation. Therefore, they provide no conclusive evidence which mechanism is causing overflow metabolism. We compare the mathematical structure of these models. Although ranging from flux balance analyses to self-fabricating metabolism and expression models, we can rewrite all models into one standard form. We conclude that all models predict overflow metabolism when two, model-specific, growth-limiting constraints are hit. This is consistent with recent theory. Thus, identifying these two constraints is essential for understanding overflow metabolism. We list all imposed constraints by these models, so that they can hopefully be tested in future experiments.
Postoperatives „remote monitoring“
Authors: Preckel B. , Posthuma L. M. , Visscher M. J. , Hollmann M. W. 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen operativer Eingriffe treten Komplikationen meistens in der postoperativen Phase auf. Hierbei können kleine klinische Hinweise beobachtet werden, die der signifikanten Zustandsverschlechterung des Patienten vorausgehen. Auf der Normalstation werden Vitalparameter wie Herz- und Atemfrequenz alle 4–8 h erfasst. Selbst wenn bei kritisch erkrankten Patienten der Beobachtungszeitraum auf 2 h verkürzt wird und die Erhebung der Vitalfunktionen ca. 10 min in Anspruch nimmt, ist der Patient nur für 120 min pro 24 h überwacht und bleibt dementsprechend postoperativ auf der Normalstation 22 von 24 h unbeobachtet. Neue kabellose Monitoring-Systeme stehen zur Verfügung, um einige Vitalfunktionen mithilfe eines tragbaren Sensors kontinuierlich zu registrieren und Abweichungen in Form von Benachrichtigungen/Alarmen für das Personal kenntlich zu machen. Obwohl das optimale Monitoring-System bislang noch nicht existiert und die Implementierung dieser neuen Systeme ggf. Risiken beinhalten kann, ergeben sich bereits heute Chancen zur Optimierung der Überwachung postoperativer Patienten auf der Normalstation.
Response of the mollusc communities to environmental factors along an anthropogenic salinity gradient
Authors: Sowa Agnieszka , Krodkiewska Mariola , Halabowski Dariusz , Lewin Iga 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic salinisation of freshwater ecosystems is frequent across the world. The scale of this phenomenon remains unrecognised, and therefore, monitoring and management of such ecosystems is very important. We conducted a study on the mollusc communities in inland anthropogenic ponds covering a large gradient of salinity located in an area of underground coal mining activity. A total of 14 gastropod and 6 bivalve species were noted. No molluscs were found in waters with total dissolved solids (TDS) higher than 17.1 g L−1. The share of alien species in the communities was very high in waters with elevated salinity and significantly lower in the freshwaters. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that TDS, pH, alkalinity, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, iron, the content of organic matter in sediments, the type of substrate and the content of sand and gravel in sediments were the variables that were significantly associated with the distribution of molluscs. The regression analysis revealed that total mollusc density was positively related to alkalinity and negatively related to nitrate nitrogen. The taxa richness was negatively related to TDS, which is consistent with previous studies which indicated that a high salinity level is a significant threat to freshwater malacofauna, causing a loss of biodiversity and contributing to the colonisation and establishment of alien species in aquatic ecosystems.
Three-dimensional deformation time series of glacier motion from multiple-aperture DInSAR observation
Authors: Samsonov Sergey 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe previously presented Multidimensional Small Baseline Subset (MSBAS-2D) technique computes two-dimensional (2D), east and vertical, ground deformation time series from two or more ascending and descending Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) data sets by assuming that the contribution of the north deformation component is negligible. DInSAR data sets can be acquired with different temporal and spatial resolutions, viewing geometries and wavelengths. The MSBAS-2D technique has previously been used for mapping deformation due to mining, urban development, carbon sequestration, permafrost aggradation and pingo growth, and volcanic activities. In the case of glacier ice flow, the north deformation component is often too large to be negligible. Historically, the surface-parallel flow (SPF) constraint was used to compute the static three-dimensional (3D) velocity field at various glaciers. A novel MSBAS-3D technique has been developed for computing 3D deformation time series where the SPF constraint is utilized. This technique is used for mapping 3D deformation at the Barnes Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, during January–March 2015, and the MSBAS-2D and MSBAS-3D solutions are compared. The MSBAS-3D technique can be used for studying glacier ice flow at other glaciers and other surface deformation processes with large north deformation component, such as landslides. The software implementation of MSBAS-3D technique can be downloaded from http://insar.ca/.
Constant length substitutions, iterated function systems and amorphic complexity
Authors: Fuhrmann Gabriel , Gröger Maik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe show how geometric methods from the general theory of fractal dimensions and iterated function systems can be deployed to study symbolic dynamics in the zero entropy regime. More precisely, we establish a dimensional characterization of the topological notion of amorphic complexity. For subshifts with discrete spectrum associated to constant length substitutions, this characterization allows us to derive bounds for the amorphic complexity by interpreting the subshift as the attractor of an iterated function system in a suitable quotient space. As a result, we obtain the general finiteness and positivity of amorphic complexity in this setting and provide a closed formula in case of a binary alphabet.
Three-dimensional imaging of podocyte ultrastructure using FE-SEM and FIB-SEM tomography
Authors: Miyaki Takayuki , Kawasaki Yuto , Hosoyamada Yasue , Amari Takashi , Kinoshita Mui , Matsuda Hironori , Kakuta Soichiro , Sakai Tatsuo , Ichimura Koichiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPodocytes are specialized epithelial cells used for glomerular filtration in the kidney. They can be divided into the cell body, primary process and foot process. Here, we describe two useful methods for the three-dimensional(3D) visualization of these subcellular compartments in rodent podocytes. The first method, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with conductive staining, is used to visualize the luminal surface of numerous podocytes simultaneously. The second method, focused-ion beam SEM (FIB-SEM) tomography, allows the user to obtain serial images from different depths of field, or Z-stacks, of the glomerulus. This allows for the 3D reconstruction of podocyte ultrastructure, which can be viewed from all angles, from a single image set. This is not possible with conventional FE-SEM. The different advantages and disadvantages of FE-SEM and FIB-SEM tomography compensate for the weaknesses of the other. The combination renders a powerful approach for the 3D analysis of podocyte ultrastructure. As a result, we were able to identify a new subcellular compartment of podocytes, “ridge-like prominences” (RLPs).
Expression and activity of hyaluronidases HYAL-1, HYAL-2 and HYAL-3 in the human intervertebral disc
Authors: Krupkova Olga , Greutert Helen , Boos Norbert , Lemcke Johannes , Liebscher Thomas , Wuertz-Kozak Karin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Hyaluronic acid plays an essential role in water retention of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and thus provides flexibility and shock absorbance in the spine. Hyaluronic acid gets degraded by hyaluronidases (HYALs), and some of the resulting fragments were previously shown to induce an inflammatory and catabolic response in human IVD cells. However, no data currently exist on the expression and activity of HYALs in IVD health and disease.

Methods
Gene expression, protein expression and activity of HYALs were determined in human IVD biopsies with different degrees of degeneration (n = 50 total). Furthermore, freshly isolated human IVD cells (n = 23 total) were stimulated with IL-1β, TNF-α or H2O2, followed by analysis of HYAL-1, HYAL-2 and HYAL-3 gene expression.

Results
Gene expression of HYAL-1 and protein expression of HYAL-2 significantly increased in moderate/severe disc samples when compared to samples with no or low IVD degeneration. HYAL activity was not significantly increased due to high donor–donor variation, but seemed overall higher in the moderate/severe group. An inflammatory environment, as seen during IVD disease, did not affect HYAL-1, HYAL-2 or HYAL-3 expression, whereas exposure to oxidative stress (100 µM H2O2) upregulated HYAL-2 expression relative to untreated controls.

Conclusion
Although HYAL-1, HYAL-2 and HYAL-3 are all expressed in the IVD, HYAL-2 seems to have the highest pathophysiological relevance. Nonetheless, further studies will be needed to comprehensively elucidate its significance and to determine its potential as a therapeutic target.

Graphic abstract
These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Lurasidone compared to other atypical antipsychotic monotherapies for adolescent schizophrenia: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Arango Celso , Ng-Mak Daisy , Finn Elaine , Byrne Aidan , Loebel Antony 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis network meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and tolerability of lurasidone versus other oral atypical antipsychotic monotherapies in adolescent schizophrenia. A systematic literature review identified 13 randomized controlled trials of antipsychotics in adolescents with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. A Bayesian network meta-analysis compared lurasidone to aripiprazole, asenapine, clozapine, olanzapine, paliperidone extended-release (ER), quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone. Outcomes included Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S), weight gain, all-cause discontinuation, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), and akathisia. Results were reported as median differences for continuous outcomes and odds ratios (ORs) for binary outcomes, along with 95% credible intervals (95% CrI). Lurasidone was significantly more efficacious than placebo on the PANSS (− 7.95, 95% CrI − 11.76 to − 4.16) and CGI-S (− 0.44, 95% CrI − 0.67 to − 0.22) scores. Lurasidone was associated with similar weight gain to placebo and statistically significantly less weight gain versus olanzapine (− 3.62 kg, 95% CrI − 4.84 kg to − 2.41 kg), quetiapine (− 2.13 kg, 95% CrI − 3.20 kg to − 1.08 kg), risperidone (− 1.16 kg, 95% CrI − 2.14 kg to − 0.17 kg), asenapine (− 0.98 kg, 95% CrI − 1.71 kg to − 0.24 kg), and paliperidone ER (− 0.85 kg, 95% CrI − 1.57 kg to − 0.14 kg). The odds of all-cause discontinuation were significantly lower for lurasidone than aripiprazole (OR = 0.28, 95% CrI 0.10–0.76) and paliperidone ER (OR = 0.25, 95% CrI 0.08–0.81) and comparable to other antipsychotics. Rates of EPS and akathisia were similar for lurasidone and other atypical antipsychotics. In this network meta-analysis of atypical antipsychotics in adolescent schizophrenia, lurasidone was associated with similar efficacy, less weight gain, and lower risk of all-cause discontinuation compared to other oral atypical antipsychotics.
Increased substantia nigra echogenicity correlated with visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease: a Chinese population-based study
Authors: Li Ting , Shi Jing , Qin Bin , Fan Dongsheng , Liu Na , Ni Jingnian , Zhang Tianqing , Zhou Hufang , Xu Xiaoqing , Wei Mingqing , Zhang Xuekai , Wang Xiangzhu , Liu Jianping , Wang Yongyan , Tian Jinzhou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs a noninvasive technique, transcranial sonography (TCS) of substantia nigra (SN) has gradually showed its effectiveness not only in diagnosis but also in understanding clinical features of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). This study aimed to further evaluate TCS for clinical diagnosis of PD, and to explore the association between sonographic manifestations and visual hallucinations (VH). A total of 226 subjects including 141 PD patients and 85 controls were recruited. All participants received TCS. A series of rating scales to evaluate motor and non-motor symptoms were performed in PD patients. Results showed that 172 subjects were successfully assessed by TCS. The area of SN was greater in PD patients than that in controls (P< 0.001). As receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed, the best cutoff value for the larger SN echogenicity size was 23.5 mm2(sensitivity 70.3%, specificity 77.0%). Patients with VH had larger SN area (P= 0.019), as well as higher Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) scores (P= 0.018). Moreover, binary logistic regression analysis indicated that SN hyperechogenicity (odds ratio = 4.227,P= 0.012) and NMSS scores (odds ratio = 0.027,P= 0.042) could be the independent predictors for VH. In conclusion, TCS can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for Parkinson’s disease. Increased SN echogenicity is correlated with VH in Parkinson’s disease, possibly because the brain stem is involved in the mechanism in the onset of VH. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Perceived employability and ability self among Finnish university students
Authors: Räty Hannu , Hytti Ulla , Kasanen Kati , Komulainen Katri , Siivonen Päivi , Kozlinska Inna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEmployability is an increasing concern for university students. Our survey set out to examine university students’ perceptions of their employability and the ways in which these perceptions relate to positions that subsequently connect students to working life: students’ self-representational position or “ability self”, and students’ life-historical positions such as chosen field of study, phase of degree and working life experience. The participants comprised a sample of students (N = 1819) from two Finnish universities, representing diverse fields of study. It was found that apart from the field of study, the perceived proximity to graduation and working life was associated with the perception of employability. Furthermore, a set of self-attributed capabilities was associated with students’ perceptions of employability, particularly extroversion, ambitious competitiveness, mental strength and the desired characteristics of a good employee; however, the attribution of academic skills showed opposing effects. It was concluded that both self-representational and live-historical positions are part of the construction of students’ optimism regarding their employability.
Metabolic transcriptional analysis on copper tolerance in moderate thermophilic bioleaching microorganismAcidithiobacillus caldus
Authors: Feng Shoushuai , Hou Shaoxiang , Cui Yaquan , Tong Yanjun , Yang Hailin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBioleaching, an alternative environmental smelting technology, typically uses high concentrations of heavy metal ions, especially in the subsequent phase, due to metal ion accumulation from the mineral. In this study, we analyzed the overall response of the bioleaching microorganism Acidithiobacillus caldus to copper stress through physiological and transcriptomic analyses. Scanning electron microscopy results showed higher extracellular polymeric substances secretion and cell aggregation under copper stress. Intracellular levels of glutamic acid, glycine and cysteine increased, favoring the synthesis of glutathione for maintenance of the oxidation–reduction state. GSH, during copper stress conditions, the activity of GSH-PX and CAT increased, resulting in reduced oxidative damage while maintaining stable intracellular pH. Higher unsaturated and cyclopropane fatty acid levels resulted in increased membrane fluidity and compactness and decreased ATP levels to support the energy requirements for stress resistance. Initially, H+-ATPase activity increased to provide energy for proton output and decreased later at higher copper ion stress. From transcriptome analysis, 140 genes were differentially expressed under low copper stress (1 g/L), while 250 genes exhibited altered transcriptional levels at higher copper stress (3 g/L). These differentially expressed genes were involved primarily in metabolic pathways such as energy metabolism, two-component systems, amino acid metabolism, and signal transduction. The Sox family cluster gene cluster involved in the conversion of thiosulfate to sulfate was upregulated in the sulfur metabolism pathway. In the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, genes participating in the synthesis of NADH oxidoreductase and cytochrome c oxidase, nuoL, cyoABD (cyoA, cyoB and cyoD) and cydAB (cydA and cydB), were downregulated. The TCS element ompR, closely associated with the osmotic pressure, exhibited active response, while Cu2+ efflux system gene cusRS was upregulated. In the amino acid metabolism, the glnA involved in nitrogen fixation was upregulated and promoted the synthesis of glutamine synthetase for reducing excessive oxidative stress. This study provides new insights into the mechanism underlying A. caldus response to heavy-metal ion stress under harsh bioleaching conditions.
Current and Future Directions of Stem Cell Therapy for Bladder Dysfunction
Authors: Shin Jung Hyun , Ryu Chae-Min , Yu Hwan Yeul , Shin Dong-Myung , Choo Myung-Soo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStem cells are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into a range of cell types and promote the release of chemokines and progenitor cells necessary for tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent progenitor cells with enhanced proliferation and differentiation capabilities and less tumorigenicity than conventional adult stem cells; these cells are also easier to acquire. Bladder dysfunction is often chronic in nature with limited treatment modalities due to its undetermined pathophysiology. Most treatments focus on symptom alleviation rather than pathognomonic changes repair. The potential of stem cell therapy for bladder dysfunction has been reported in preclinical models for stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, detrusor underactivity, and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Despite these findings, however, stem cell therapy is not yet available for clinical use. Only one pilot study on detrusor underactivity and a handful of clinical trials on stress urinary incontinence have reported the effects of stem cell treatment. This limitation may be due to stem cell function loss following ex vivo expansion, poor in vivo engraftment or survival after transplantation, or a lack of understanding of the precise mechanisms of action underlying therapeutic outcomes and in vivo behavior of stem cells administered to target organs. Efficacy comparisons with existing treatment modalities are also needed for the successful clinical application of stem cell therapies. This review describes the current status of stem cell research on treating bladder dysfunction and suggests future directions to facilitate clinical applications of this promising treatment modality, particularly for bladder dysfunction.