bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel feeding interactions amplify the impact of species redistribution on an Arctic food web
Authors: Pecuchet Laurene , Blanchet Marie‐Anne , Frainer André , Husson Bérengère , Jørgensen Lis L. , Kortsch Susanne , Primicerio Raul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpecies are redistributing globally in response to climate warming, impacting ecosystem functions and services. In the Barents Sea, poleward expansion of boreal species and a decreased abundance of Arctic species are causing a rapid borealization of the Arctic communities. This borealization might have profound consequences on the Arctic food web by creating novel feeding interactions between previously non co‐occurring species. An early identification of new feeding links is crucial to predict their ecological impact. However, detection by traditional approaches, including stomach content and isotope analyses, although fundamental, cannot cope with the speed of change observed in the region, nor with the urgency of understanding the consequences of species redistribution for the marine ecosystem. In this study, we used an extensive food web (metaweb) with nearly 2,500 documented feeding links between 239 taxa coupled with a trait data set to predict novel feeding interactions and to quantify their potential impact on Arctic food web structure. We found that feeding interactions are largely determined by the body size of interacting species, although species foraging habitat and metabolic type are also important predictors. Further, we found that all boreal species will have at least one potential resource in the Arctic region should they redistribute therein. During 2014–2017, 11 boreal species were observed in the Arctic region of the Barents Sea. These incoming species, which are all generalists, change the structural properties of the Arctic food web by increasing connectance and decreasing modularity. In addition, these boreal species are predicted to initiate novel feeding interactions with the Arctic residents, which might amplify their impact on Arctic food web structure affecting ecosystem functioning and vulnerability. Under the ongoing species redistribution caused by environmental change, we propose merging a trait‐based approach with ecological network analysis to efficiently predict the impacts of range‐shifting species on food webs.
Evidence of non‐stationary relationships between climate and forest responses: Increased sensitivity to climate change in Iberian forests
Authors: Astigarraga Julen , Andivia Enrique , Zavala Miguel A. , Gazol Antonio , Cruz‐Alonso Verónica , Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClimate and forest structure are considered major drivers of forest demography and productivity. However, recent evidence suggests that the relationships between climate and tree growth are generally non‐stationary (i.e. non‐time stable), and it remains uncertain whether the relationships between climate, forest structure, demography and productivity are stationary or are being altered by recent climatic and structural changes. Here we analysed three surveys from the Spanish Forest Inventory covering c. 30 years of information and we applied mixed and structural equation models to assess temporal trends in forest structure (stand density, basal area, tree size and tree size inequality), forest demography (ingrowth, growth and mortality) and above‐ground forest productivity. We also quantified whether the interactive effects of climate and forest structure on forest demography and above‐ground forest productivity were stationary over two consecutive time periods. Since the 1980s, density, basal area and tree size increased in Iberian forests, and tree size inequality decreased. In addition, we observed reductions in ingrowth and growth, and increases in mortality. Initial forest structure and water availability mainly modulated the temporal trends in forest structure and demography. The magnitude and direction of the interactive effects of climate and forest structure on forest demography changed over the two time periods analysed indicating non‐stationary relationships between climate, forest structure and demography. Above‐ground forest productivity increased due to a positive balance between ingrowth, growth and mortality. Despite increasing productivity over time, we observed an aggravation of the negative effects of climate change and increased competition on forest demography, reducing ingrowth and growth, and increasing mortality. Interestingly, our results suggest that the negative effects of climate change on forest demography could be ameliorated through forest management, which has profound implications for forest adaptation to climate change.
Awareness and attitudes regarding Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese physicians and public population: A national cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Wu You , Su Tun , Zhou Xianzhu , Lu Nonghua , Li Zhaoshen , Du Yiqi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of reports on the awareness of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) prevention and treatment in the general Chinese population. And whether the knowledge level will affect their action toward screening was unknown. This study aimed to conduct a national survey on the knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding H pylori infection in Chinese physicians and the public.MethodsThis was an Internet‐based survey of the general Chinese population and Chinese physicians from different specialties, carried out from January to February 2019. Both surveys (general population's and physicians') included questions to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward H pylori and its action.ResultsA total of 3211 people and 546 physicians were enrolled. In the population, the proportion of subjects who answered correctly to all questions about H pylori's infectivity was only 16%, and that for H pylori's harmfulness and that for H pylori preventive measures were 35% and 43.6%, respectively. In general, physicians had a better understanding of H pylori's harmfulness (83.9%) than the other population. The vast majority of the surveyed population (87.0%) and physicians (82.2%) supported a national H pylori screening plan to prevent gastric cancer. The support ratio paralleled with the overall knowledge level. Unexpectedly, gastroenterologists tend to have a relatively low support rate for H pylori screening than non‐gastroenterologists (58.2% vs 84.2%, P < .001), which may be related to consideration of heavy medical burden (67.3%).ConclusionsThe general population in China has relatively insufficient awareness of H pylori, which is incompatible with the highly infectious status. More works on health education are needed to improve the knowledge of this gastric pathogen.
Pigmentation effects of blue light irradiation on skin and how to protect against them
Authors: Campiche R. , Curpen S. J. , Lutchmanen‐Kolanthan V. , Gougeon S. , Cherel M. , Laurent G. , Gempeler M. , Schuetz R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundVisible light, in particular blue light, has been identified as an additional contributor to cutaneous photoageing. However, clinical studies demonstrating the clear effect of blue light on photoageing are still scarce, and so far, most studies have focused on broad‐spectrum visible light. Although there is evidence for increased skin pigmentation, the underlying mechanisms of photoageing in vivo are still unclear. Furthermore, there is still a need for active ingredients to significantly protect against blue light‐induced hyperpigmentation in vivo.Our study had two aims: to detect visible changes in skin pigmentation following repeated irradiation of the skin with LED‐based blue light and to reduce pigmentation using suitable active ingredients.MethodWe conducted a randomized, double‐blind and placebo‐controlled clinical study on 33 female volunteers with skin phototypes III and IV. We used a repetitive blue light (4 × 60 J cm−2, 450 nm) irradiation protocol on the volunteers’ inner forearms. Using hyperspectral imaging, we assessed chromophore status. In addition, we took chromameter measurements and photographs to assess visible hyperpigmentation.ResultsWe measured significant changes in chromophore status (P < 0.001 vs baseline), that is of melanin, haemoglobin and oxygen saturation, immediately after blue light irradiation. In addition, we found visible skin colour changes which were expressed by a significant decrease in ITA° values (delta ITA° = −16.89, P < 0.001 vs baseline for the placebo group) and an increase in a* (delta a* = +3.37, P < 0.001 vs baseline for the placebo group) 24 h post‐irradiation. Hyperpigmentation and skin reddening were mitigated by both a formulation containing 3% of a microalgal product and a formulation containing 3% niacinamide.ConclusionOur study sets out an efficient and robust protocol for investigating both blue light‐induced cutaneous alterations, such as changes in skin chromophores, and signs of photoageing, such as hyperpigmentation. Moreover, we have shown evidence that both an extract of the microalga Scenedesmus rubescens and niacinamide (vitamin B3) have the potential to protect against blue light‐induced hyperpigmentation.
Preparation and evaluation of caffeine bioadhesive emulgels for cosmetic applications based on formulation design using QbD tools
Authors: de Lafuente Y. , Ochoa‐Andrade A. , Parente M. E. , Palena M. C. , Jimenez‐Kairuz A. F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the incorporation of caffeine as a model active ingredient on the quality attributes of a bioadhesive emulgel formulation previously optimized by Quality by Design (QbD) tools. Emulgels are emerging topical drug delivery systems for cosmetic or pharmaceutical uses, which combine the advantages of both emulsions and gels.MethodsIn this work, the observed and predicted values for spreadability, phase separation by centrifugation and detachment forces performed by texturometer were compared with those of the control and active‐containing emulgel formulations. In addition, rheological properties, release of caffeine and comparative in vitro/ex vivo bioadhesion properties were evaluated using human skin.ResultsThe flow curves of emulgel formulations showed the typical pseudoplastic and no thixotropic flow with yield stress. The incorporation of active ingredient did not produce significant changes. All emulgels were uniformly spread and no significant differences in spreadability values between control and caffeine containing formulations and neither respect to those predicted values from experimental design optimization were found. Emulgel formulations showed appropriate detachment forces values and no significant differences between caffeine loading and control emulgel formulations were observed.ConclusionCaffeine was successfully vehiculized in this optimized bioadhesive emulgel formulation, which showed high robustness regarding the process variability. There were no significant changes in the critical quality attributes after the incorporation of the active ingredient and a promising stability was observed for at least one year. Results suggested that the optimized emulgel is an interesting topical biodhesive delivery system for cosmetic applications, including agents for skin conditioning, not present in gels formulations.
Adverse drug reactions’ reporting in a Mexican hospital
Authors: Valdez-Ramírez Lourdes Aidee , Serrano-Medina Aracely , Cornejo-Bravo José Manuel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To summarize the procedure for reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in a Mexican hospital, with the purpose of promoting and facilitating the report of ADRs by the heath team. We outline the relevance of pharmacists in performing these activities in Mexican hospitals.

Methods
A pharmacovigilance study was carried out following the establishment of the Pharmacovigilance Unit of a Mexican hospital on January 2014 through March 2019.

Key findings
There is an undernotification rate of ADRs, since only 137 ADRs were notified in a five-year period, mostly by biopharmaceutical chemists holding bachelor's degrees that were acting as pharmacists.

Conclusions
To improve the safety of medications, it is necessary to improve ADR notifications in Mexico’s health system. One important step in this direction is to establish a Pharmacy degree with training for promoting and performing ADR notifications.
Experience sampling method and the everyday experiences of adults with intellectual disability: A feasibility study
Authors: Wilson Nathan J. , Chen Yu‐Wei , Mahoney Natasha , Buchanan Angus , Marks Anne , Cordier Reinie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundExperiences of people with intellectual disability are often reported by proxy, excluding the person's own perception. To assist people with intellectual disabilities ability to communicate their own experiences, the current study explored the feasibility, reliability and validity of experience sampling methods (ESMs) for people with intellectual disability.MethodAfter a training session, 19 participants carried a mobile device for 7 consecutive days, answering a survey when prompted 7 times daily. Participants were interviewed at the end of data collection.ResultsExcluding incomplete entries, the response rate was 33.8%, varying by living arrangement and employment. Split‐half reliability and correlations among logically linked internal experiences demonstrated strong reliability and validity. Illustration of the context of responses supported face validity. Technological and content difficulties were discussed in interviews.ConclusionsExperience sampling methods is feasible for some people with intellectual disability, providing valid and reliable information. Future research is needed to further improve feasibility.
Exosomal microRNA‐26b‐5p down‐regulates ATF2 to enhance radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Han Fushi , Huang Dongdong , Huang Xinghong , Wang Wei , Yang Shusong , Chen Shuzhen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), as the most common subtype of non‐small cell lung cancer, is responsible for more than 500 000 deaths worldwide annually. In this study, we identify a novel microRNA‐26b‐5p (miR‐26b‐5p) and elucidated its function on LUAD. The survival rate of parent LUAD cells and radiation‐resistant LUAD cells were determined using clonogenic survival assay. We overexpressed or inhibited miR‐26b‐5p in LUAD, and the correlation between activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and miR‐26b‐5p was determined using integrated bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Exosomes derived from A549 cell lines were then detected using Western blot assay, followed by co‐transfection with radiation‐resistant A549R cells. LUAD tissues and serum were collected, followed by miR‐26b‐5p relative expression quantification using RT‐qPCR. miR‐26b‐5p was identified as the most differentially expressed miRNA and was down‐regulated in LUAD. Radiation‐resistant cells were more resistant to X‐radiation compared with parent cells. miR‐26b‐5p overexpression and X‐irradiation led to enhanced radiosensitivity of LUAD cells. ATF2 was negatively targeted by miR‐26b‐5p. Exosomal miR‐26b‐5p derived from A549 cells could be transported to irradiation‐resistant LUAD cells and inhibit ATF2 expression to promote DNA damage, apoptosis and radiosensitivity of LUAD cells, which was verified using serum‐based miR‐26b‐5p. Our results show a regulatory network of miR‐26b‐5p on radiosensitivity of LUAD cells, which may serve as a non‐invasive biomarker for LUAD.
Analysis of virulence and immunogenic factors in Aeromonas hydrophila: Towards the development of live vaccines
Authors: Zhao Xian‐liang , Wu Gan , Chen He , Li Li , Kong Xiang‐hui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAeromonas hydrophila, a bacterium that is widespread in aquatic environments, is responsible for causing haemorrhagic disease in both aquatic and terrestrial species. With the purpose of developing a live vaccine, herein we have investigated nine strains of A. hydrophila (Ah‐01 to Ah‐09) isolated from diseased fish. A study of virulence factors that contribute to pathogenicity and immunogenicity in the host Cyprinus carpio suggests that the presence of β‐hly, act and fla genes contribute to pathogenesis: strains Ah‐01, Ah‐02 and Ah‐03 (β‐hly+/act+/fla+ genotype) were highly pathogenic to C. carpio, whereas Ah‐05 and Ah‐06 (β‐hly−/act−/fla− genotype) showed weak pathogenicity. Accordingly, Ah‐02 and Ah‐03 were selected to prepare inactivated vaccines, whereas Ah‐05 and Ah‐06 were chosen as live vaccines. Ah‐06 live vaccine was found to have the best protective efficacy, with a protective rate of about 85%, whereas rates of other vaccines were significantly lower, in the range 37%–59%. In addition, DNA vaccines based on genes altA, aha and omp showed immune protection rates of 25%, 37.5% and 75%, respectively. Our data demonstrate that the β‐hly−/act−/fla−/altA+/aha+/omp+ genotype has weak pathogenicity and high immunogenicity, and provide a simple and effective way to screen for live A. hydrophila vaccines.
Pragmatic clinical trials: Increasing the rate of translating nursing research into practice†
Authors: Doorenbos Ardith Z. , Kato Yutaka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimNursing research worldwide is committed to rigorous scientific inquiry that provides a significant body of knowledge to advance nursing practice. One way to advance nursing practice is to increase the rate at which nursing research findings are translated into clinical practice, and one way to do that is to use pragmatic clinical trial research designs. This article aims to describe and advocate for the increased use of pragmatic clinical trials in nursing research and to provide a summary of one nursing pragmatic clinical trial.MethodsA review and discussion of the features of pragmatic clinical trials.ResultsThis article describes the principles and benefits of pragmatic clinical trials. Nurse researchers who use these principles will generate results that are more actionable, patient‐centered, and relevant in clinical practice. Focusing on research that provides practical evidence that can be translated into evidence‐based practice is an important way to improve the environment for nursing research that leads more rapidly to improved nursing practice.ConclusionsEmbracing and increasing our use of pragmatic clinical trial design concepts in nursing research can enhance the significance of our findings and facilitate the translation of our research into practice.
Exchange Rates and Fundamentals: A General Equilibrium Exploration
Authors: KANO TAKASHI 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEngel and West (2005) show that the observed near random‐walk behavior of nominal exchange rates is an equilibrium outcome of a partial equilibrium asset approach when economic fundamentals follow exogenous first‐order integrated processes and the discount factor approaches one. In this paper, I argue that the unit market discount factor creates a theoretical trade‐off within a two‐country general equilibrium model. The unit discount factor generates near random‐walk nominal exchange rates, but it counterfactually implies perfect consumption risk sharing and flat money demand. Bayesian posterior simulation exercises, based on post‐Bretton Woods data from Canada and the United States, reveal difficulties in reconciling the equilibrium random‐walk proposition within the canonical model; in particular, the market discount factor is identified as being much smaller than one. A relative money demand shock is identified as the main driver of nominal exchange rates.
Gas Composition of Developing Pneumatocysts in Bull KelpNereocystis luetkeana(Phaeophyceae)1
Authors: Liggan Lauran M. , Martone Patrick T. 
Published: June 2020

The subtidal kelpNereocystis luetkeana(hereafterNereocystis) maintains an upright stature by producing a single gas‐filled float (pneumatocyst) that provides buoyancy. The ability ofNereocystispneumatocysts to inflate with gas underwater is peculiar, and the gas composition of pneumatocysts has been the topic of several studies over the last 100 years. Past studies of pneumatocyst gases only examined large sporophytes, leaving open questions about the origins of these gases and how gas composition may change during development. In this study, we use developmental time as a means to understand the origin and physiological mechanisms that give rise to different gases withinNereocystispneumatocysts. Total gas composition was measured across a range of pneumatocyst sizes (5–725 mL). Contrary to previous studies that documented pneumatocyst gas concentrations to be similar to air, this study found internal gas levels of CO, CO2, and O2to be 1.2 ± 0.8%, 0.6 ± 0.2%, and 59.9 ± 13.6%, respectively. Our data suggest that the composition of gases does not change as pneumatocysts grow and that the rate of each gas added is approximately proportional to changes in pneumatocyst volume. Therefore, cells constituting the pneumatocyst wall are likely producing more gas (per surface area) to fill pneumatocysts as they expand, maintaining proportional gas composition and corresponding internal pressure.
Unexplained patterns of grey wolf Canis lupus natal dispersal
Authors: Mech L. David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNatal dispersal (movement from the site of birth to the site of reproduction) is a pervasive but highly varied characteristic of life forms. Thus, understanding it in any species informs many aspects of biology, but studying it in most species is difficult. In the grey wolf Canis lupus, natal dispersal has been well studied. Maturing members of both sexes generally leave their natal packs, pair with opposite‐sex dispersers from other packs, near or far, select a territory, and produce their own offspring. However, three movement patterns of some natal‐dispersing wolves remain unexplained: 1) long‐distance dispersal when potential mates seem nearby, 2) round‐trip travels from their natal packs for varying periods and distances, also called extraterritorial movements, and often not resulting in pairing, and 3) coincidental dispersal by individual wolves from a given area in the same basic directions and over the same long distances. This perspective article documents and discusses these unexplained dispersal patterns, suggests possible explanations, and calls for additional research to understand them more clearly.