bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding of Arapaima sp.: integrating stomach contents and local ecological knowledge
Authors: Jacobi Cristina M. , Villamarín Francisco , Campos‐Silva João V. , Jardine Timothy , Magnusson William E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe giant arapaima (Arapaima sp.) has been described as a fish of change in Amazonia because of its important role in the conservation of floodplains, food security and income generation for rural communities. Nonetheless, despite the cultural, ecological and economic importance of arapaima, data on diet are scarce. Aiming to expand knowledge about arapaima diet in western Amazonia, scientific knowledge was integrated with the knowledge of local dwellers. During the low‐water period (September 2018) and the falling‐water period (June 2019), arapaima stomachs were collected from 11 floodplain lakes in the middle Juruá River. All fishes were measured [TL (total length)] and sexed. Food items from each stomach were categorized as fishes, invertebrates, plants and bone remains and weighed. Also, in the latter period, experienced local fishers were interviewed about arapaima feeding. This integrated approach revealed that young arapaima eat fish and invertebrates but adult arapaima eat fish of a wide range of species, which were mainly of low and intermediate trophic positions. This study reports the first case of cannibalism for arapaima and also shows that during the low‐water period, many individuals had empty stomachs or only some small fish‐bone remains and/or plant material. Arapaima sex and TL had no influence on the absence of prey in stomach contents. Overall, it can be concluded that local people had consistent ethnobiological knowledge of arapaima feeding ecology that could be useful within management projects in the region.
Seasonal movements and tributary‐specific fidelity of blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus in a Southern Plains riverscape
Authors: Dyer Joseph J. , Brewer Shannon K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study used acoustic telemetry and a multistate Cormack–Jolly–Seber model to determine the seasonal movement patterns of blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus from 2015 to 2017. Several hypotheses were ranked using AICc, and it was determined that the movement patterns of blue suckers in a mainstem reach below a hydropower dam (i.e., tailwater) differed from those of blue suckers tagged in the major tributaries (perennial with stream order >3). This study estimated a low probability (≤0.13) blue suckers would leave the tailwater reach at any time during the study. Conversely, blue suckers tagged in the major tributaries had a high probability (≥0.88) of leaving after the spawning season (February–May). Blue suckers tagged in the major tributaries displayed a high probability (0.83) of returning to the tributaries in the spawning season of 2016 when discharges were high. Blue suckers also had a higher probability of fidelity to the tributary where they were tagged (0.65) rather than straying to different tributaries (0.18). The majority of tagged blue suckers that strayed selected the only undammed tributary in the study area. In 2017, spring discharges were low, and the probability of blue suckers returning to any major tributary was low (0.19), with little difference in the probability of displaying site fidelity (0.10) vs. straying (0.09).
A Unique Presentation of Delirium in a Patient with Otherwise Asymptomatic COVID‐19
Authors: Alkeridy Walid A. , Almaghlouth Ibrahim , Alrashed Rashed , Alayed Khalid , Binkhamis Khalifa , Alsharidi Aynaa , Liu‐Ambrose Teresa 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVEInfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), manifests with a wide spectrum of presentations. Most reports of COVID‐19 highlight fever and upper respiratory symptoms as the dominant initial presentations, consistent with the World Health Organization guidelines regarding suspected SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. However, atypical presentations of this disease have been evolving since the initial outbreak of the pandemic in December 2019. We report a case of an older male patient who presented at our hospital with an unusual manifestation of COVID‐19.DESIGNBrief report.SETTINGA university hospital in Saudi Arabia.PARTICIPANTA 73‐year‐old man who presented with confusion in the absence of any respiratory symptoms or fever.INTERVENTIONThe patient was initially admitted with delirium and underwent a further work‐up.MEASUREMENTSGiven his recent history of domestic travel and the declaration of a global COVID‐19 pandemic status, the patient was administered a swab test for SARS‐CoV‐2.RESULTSThe patient's positive test led to a diagnosis of COVID‐19. Although he began to experience a spiking fever and mild upper respiratory symptoms, he recovered rapidly with no residual sequela.CONCLUSIONThe recognition of atypical presentations of COVID‐19 infection, such as delirium, is critical to the timely diagnosis, provision of appropriate care, and avoidance of outbreaks within healthcare facilities during this pandemic. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1382‐1384, 2020.
Healthcare experiences and quality of life of adults with coeliac disease: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Crocker H. , Jenkinson C. , Peters M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoeliac disease affects many aspects of quality of life and treatment can be burdensome. Access to healthcare services is necessary for the diagnosis and management of coeliac disease. The present study aimed to investigate the healthcare experiences of adults with coeliac disease and explore the relationship between experiences and quality of life.MethodsA cross‐sectional postal survey was sent to 800 members of Coeliac UK and contained questions about diagnosis, dietary advice, follow‐up appointments, prescriptions, knowledge and information provision, and quality of life [Coeliac Disease Assessment Questionnaire (CDAQ)]. Descriptive statistics were calculated. A total problem score summarised the number of problems experienced with healthcare services. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate experiential and demographic factors associated with quality of life.ResultsAn average of 5.5 problems with healthcare services was reported, with females reporting significantly more problems than males (6.5 versus 5.0, P = 0.003). The total problem score was significantly related to the CDAQ overall index score and all CDAQ dimension scores (stigma, dietary burden, symptoms, social isolation, and worries and concerns) (P < 0.001). The analyses highlighted four key areas of healthcare experiences that were significantly related to quality of life: information provision, general practioners’ knowledge, communication with health professionals and access to prescriptions.ConclusionsPoorer experiences of healthcare services in coeliac disease are related to worse quality of life. Improving services in the four key areas identified may help adults with coeliac disease to achieve a better quality of life.
Skin autofluorescence and malnutrition as predictors of mortality in persons receiving dialysis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Viramontes Hörner Daniela , Selby Nicholas M. , Taal Maarten W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin autofluorescence (SAF), which is a measure of accumulation of advanced glycation end‐products (AGE), and malnutrition are each associated with higher mortality in dialysis populations, although no studies have investigated these potentially related associations together. We simultaneously assessed SAF and malnutrition as risk factors for mortality in persons receiving dialysis.MethodsSAF was measured in 120 haemodialysis and 31 peritoneal dialysis patients using an AGE Reader (DiagnOptics, Groningen, The Netherlands). Dietary AGE, energy, protein and fat intake, handgrip strength, anthropometry, biochemistry and Subjective Global Assessment were also evaluated. Time to event was days from baseline to death, kidney transplantation or 30 September 2018.ResultsMedian observation time was 576 days, during which 33 (21.9%) patients died. Those who died had higher baseline SAF levels [3.8 ± 1.0 versus 3.3 ± 0.8 arbitrary units (AU); P = 0.001] and were more likely to be malnourished (58% versus 31%; P = 0.006). Malnourished persons who died had higher SAF values than those who died but were well‐nourished (4.2 ± 1.1 versus 3.3 ± 0.7 AU; P = 0.007). Survival was significantly better in participants with baseline SAF below the median and in those well‐nourished than those with baseline SAF above the median and in those malnourished, respectively. Multivariable analysis identified SAF [hazards ratio (HR) = 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.97; P = 0.02], malnutrition (HR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.16–4.78; P = 0.02) and chronological age (HR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.10–2.33; P = 0.01) as independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionsAlthough higher SAF and malnutrition are potentially inter‐related, they were both independently associated with increased mortality in this population. Interventions to improve outcomes by reducing SAF through correction of malnutrition or dietary AGE restriction require testing in prospective studies.
Comparative physicochemical stability and clinical anti‐wrinkle efficacy of transdermal emulgel preparations of 5% sodium ascorbyl phosphate and or ascorbic acid on human volunteers
Authors: Mohammadi Shima , Shokri Javad , Ranjkesh Mohammadreza , Akbari Hamed Shahabaddin , Monajjemzadeh Farnaz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesAntioxidant containing cosmeceuticals are commonly prescribed products in treating wrinkles and revitalizing the skin. The aim of this study was the comparative evaluation of physicochemical stability and clinical anti‐wrinkle efficacy of transdermal emulgel preparations of sodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP) and ascorbic acid (AA) on human volunteers.MethodsEmulgel preparations containing 5% of (SAP) and or (AA) were prepared. HPLC analysis was performed for stability evaluations. Clinical anti‐wrinkle efficacy of the formulations was examined on human healthy volunteers in crow's feet area. Elasticity and digital images were recorded before and after treatment.ResultsFormulations with added antioxidants and kept in the refrigerator exhibited better stability characteristics. Two‐sided blind study and placebo‐controlled study showed that both actives were effective in wrinkles depth reduction and also elasticity enhancement but statistically significant difference in the efficacy of the products was not observed.ConclusionFormulations containing (AA) and or (SAP) both improved elasticity and wrinkles of the skin almost by the same extent, and it is necessary to add antioxidant stabilizing agents to both preparations to reach a desired stability.
Efficacy and adverse events of 4% articaine compared with 2% lidocaine on primary molar extraction: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Massignan Carla , Silveira Santos Pablo , Cardoso Mariane , Bolan Michele 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is no consensus regarding the most effective anaesthetic solution for children; nerve block, especially mandibular, can be difficult for general dentists. Therefore, the study aims to compare the efficacy and the adverse events of articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100 000 with lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100 000 for primary molar extraction using buccal infiltration.MethodsThese are data from a parallel triple‐blind randomised controlled trial with a computer‐generated allocation treatment. Forty‐three children aged 6‐10 years with a clinical and radiographic indication of primary molar extraction were enrolled. The intervention was local buccal infiltration with articaine 4% compared with lidocaine 2%. The main outcome was pain during anaesthetic injection and tooth extraction. Adverse events were examined as secondary outcomes. Children were treated in a University setting from April to June 2019.ResultsBoth solutions had similar anaesthetic efficacy in primary molar extraction when applied by the infiltrative technique (β −0.47; 95% CI −3.19 to 2.24;P = .76); however, children reported higher mean pain during articaine deposition (β 2.43; 95% CI 0.28‐4.57;P = .02). The measured lidocaine pH was 3.19 (0.15) and articaine was 2.43 (0.00) (P = .04). Post‐operative pain, oedema and nausea were observed without differences between the groups.ConclusionsThere was no difference in the efficacy of articaine compared to lidocaine for primary molar extraction. Articaine was more painful during the injection.Practical implicationsPrimary molar extractions can be performed with both articaine and lidocaine buccal infiltration.
Impact of docusate and fauna‐free on feed intake, ruminal flora and digestive enzyme activities of sheep
Authors: Yu Chucai , Luo Qiujiang , Chen Yong , Liu Shimin , Zang Changjiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFour Small‐tail Han male hogget sheep, fitted with rumen cannula and fed the same basal diet were used to study the impacts of docusate (DOC) and fauna‐free on the voluntary feed intake (VFI), and ruminal protozoal, bacterial and fungal counts and the digestive enzyme activities. By a 4 × 4 Latin square design, sheep were given no DOC (the control), 2 doses of DOC: 1.2 and 3.0 g/kg diet or oral dose of 6.0 g/d DOC for three days (fauna‐free treatment) in each period of 18 days, the last three days of which were for sampling the rumen fluid. Compared with the control, 1.2 g/kg of DOC supplementation significantly resulted in increases of 18.0% VFI and 44% bacterial count, and no significant change in the fungal number. Supplementing DOC reduced protozoal number in a dose‐dependent manner. The fibre degradation enzyme activity in rumen fluid increased by 17.7% with a concomitant 10% increase in volatile fatty acids (VFA); the protease activity was reduced by 23% with a corresponding reduction in rumen ammonia by 42%. In contrast, supplementing 3.0 g/kg of DOC has adverse effects on those measures compared with 1.2 g/kg of DOC. Defaunation was accompanied with substantial increases in the bacterial and fungal counts, but had no significant influences on VFI and the enzyme activity for starch, protein and pectin digestion, and small changes in fibre digestion enzymes and the total VFA compared with the control. A high correlation (r2 = 0.82) was noted between VFI and the total activity of fibre digestion enzymes and VFA. It was proposed that fibre digestion rate in the rumen is a primary factor for determining VFI in sheep, and dietary supplementation of 1.2 g/kg of DOC could partially result in enhanced activity of fibre digestive enzyme in the rumen and increase VFI.
Clinical features of hepatitis B patients at immune‐tolerance phase with basal core promoter and/or precore mutations
Authors: Li Min‐ran , Xu Zun‐gui , Lu Jian‐hua , Zheng Huan‐wei , Ye Li‐hong , Liu Yun‐yan , Liu Zhi‐quan , Zhang Hai‐cong , Huang Yan , Dai Er‐hei , Pan Calvin Q. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLittle data exist on basal core promoter/precore (BCP/PC) mutations in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients at the immune‐tolerance (IT) phase. We studied consecutive treatment‐naïve, CHBe‐antigen (HBeAg)‐positive patients who had undergone liver biopsy and genotyping. Those in the IT phase or immune‐clearance (IC) phase were enrolled for comparison of the frequency of BCP/PC mutations and their clinical presentations. Subgroup analyses for the IT group were also performed between patients with and without mutations, and IC patients between fibrosis stages ≤2 vs fibrosis >2. Among 301 patients enrolled, 88/301 (29.24%) and 213/301 (70.76%) were at the IT and IC phase, respectively. The frequency of BCP/PC mutations in IT phase was significantly lower than those in IC phase (15.91% vs 64.79%, P < .001). The BCP mutation only was significantly more frequent than the PC mutation in both groups and also in all IC subgroups. IT patients with BCP/PC mutations had significantly higher quantitative anti‐HBc levels compared with those of patients with wild‐type virus (P < .05). They also had significantly lower mean levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin and qAnti‐HBc compared with those of IC patients (all P < .05). Additionally, they were significantly younger in mean age, had higher platelet count, higher levels of HBV DNA and surface antigen, as well as higher frequency of genotype B than those of IC patients with fibrosis >2 (all P < .05). BCP/PC mutations were found in IT patients with CHB. They had distinct clinical characteristics when compared with patients with wild‐type or at IC phase. Further studies are needed to understand their natural history and treatment outcomes.
Effects of 17α‐methyltestosterone feeding and immersion on masculinization of rosy barbs Pethia conchonius and dwarf gouramis Trichogaster lalius
Authors: Ramee Shane W. , Lipscomb Taylor N. , DiMaggio Matthew A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHormone treatments have commonly been used to skew sex ratios toward desired phenotypes. In sexually dichromic ornamental species, males are often more ornately colored and therefore more valuable. The synthetic androgen 17α‐methyltestosterone (MT) is one of the most common hormones used in this practice. The rosy barb, Pethia conchonius, and dwarf gourami, Trichogaster lalius, are two sexually dichromic species that would benefit from masculinization. The larvae of T. lalius and Pethia conchonius were exposed to MT over the first 30–60 days posthatch either through a series of 4‐hr immersions (0, 100, 200, 400, or 800 μg MT/L) or via top‐coated feed (0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 150, or 250 mg MT/kg feed). Survival was determined at the end of each treatment regime, and sex ratios were determined via gross dissections. In rosy barbs, none of the 30‐day treatments resulted in significant masculinization. MT feeding for 60 days resulted in more than 85% males in P. conchonius, but this was not significantly different from the control (70%). In T. lalius, paradoxical feminization was observed in immersion concentrations and 50 days of MT feed treatments.
Nursing home residents with advanced dementia and persistent vocalisations: Observations of surrounding context
Authors: Sefcik Justine S. , Ersek Mary , Cacchione Pamela Z. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposePersistent vocalisations are commonly exhibited by persons with dementia and are often characterised as agitation or aggression. There has been little focus on persistent vocalisations independent from other behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia making it difficult to differentiate information about the context that surrounds the person with dementia, including the circumstances and events that precede and accompany the expression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the context surrounding persistent vocalisations expressed by older adults residing in nursing homes (NH) with advanced dementia.Design and MethodsThe need‐driven dementia‐compromised behaviour model informed this qualitative descriptive study. This naturalistic qualitative observational study involved direct observations of nine older adults diagnosed with dementia residing in four NHs and included informal interviews with formal caregivers. Field notes were taken and analysed using conventional content analysis.ResultsVariability of exhibited persistent vocalisations was both observed by the investigator and explained by NH staff. Two themes emerged from the field notes; Routine of Staying in Room was identified for participants considered 'disruptive' to others, and Providing Care Without Communicating triggered persistent vocalisations.ImplicationsThe findings provide insight into the lack of therapeutic interactions between NH staff and persons with advanced dementia and persistent vocalisations residing in NHs. Ongoing, mandatory, evidence‐based training on person‐centred interventions and dementia care communication for all NH staff globally could have a significant impact on the delivery of holistic quality care for persons with dementia and persistent vocalisations.
Cystic lesions of the jaws: 13 years experience
Authors: Dhanrajani P. , Smith M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveCysts of the mouth and jaws are common, and their management is an essential component of oral surgery. Patients may present with symptoms though more frequently they are asymptomatic and are referred as a result of incidental finding by a dentist. This retrospective study reviews the clinical presentation, radiologic features, management and outcomes of jaw cysts treated by a single oral surgeon between 2005 and 2018.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for data on diagnosis, pathology, treatment modalities and follow‐up outcomes among the patients. The principal emphasis is to report the outcome of odontogenic keratocytes managed conservatively in relation to recent World Health Organization classification.ResultsRecords of 214 patients having a true cystic jaw lesion were reviewed. The most common cystic lesions were radicular cyst (38%) followed by dentigerous cysts (36%) and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) (10%). Fifty‐six percent (56 of 214) of all cystic lesions were asymptomatic on presentation and were identified by imaging. All patients underwent surgical intervention, including biopsy, enucleation and/or curettage as indicated. Cases were treated principally by enucleation. None of 214 cases showed any recurrence. Marsupialisation was the treatment for seven cases of eruption cyst and two cases of dentigerous cyst associated with erupting teeth in children.ConclusionsJaw cysts are not unusual, many of these cysts are asymptomatic and are identified incidentally on orthopantomography. Radicular cyst was the most common followed by dentigerous cyst and OKC. All the patients were treated successfully with surgical intervention and none showed any recurrence.
3D Finite Element Analysis of the Modular Prosthesis with Tooth Mechanism of the Femoral Shaft
Authors: Zhang Jian‐feng , Hu Yong‐cheng , Wang Bao‐cang , Wang Lei , Wang Hui , Li Yong , Yan Ming , Liu Hong‐tao 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the mechanical properties and provide a theoretical basis of a diaphyseal prosthesis with tooth mechanism using the finite element analysis method from the point of view of biomechanics.MethodsA 3D digital femur model was generated based on a 28‐year‐old healthy man's femoral computed tomography (CT) data in Mimics 17.0 and the customized diaphyseal prostheses with/without tooth mechanism were designed in SolidWorks 2016. The 3D femur model after 8 cm osteotomy in the middle of its shaft and the prostheses with/without tooth mechanism was imported into Abaqus 2016 and the finite element analysis models were established. Three biomechanical tests (compression test, torsion test, and 3P‐bending test) under broken load were simulated in FEA to evaluate the performance of the prostheses.ResultsThe stress distributions of the two prostheses were similar and the maximum von Mises stresses placed on them were very close in each test. The maximum von Mises stresses on the prosthesis with tooth mechanism were 31.55, 319.7, and 447.4 MPa, respectively, and those on the prosthesis without tooth mechanism were 26.26, 300.4, and 455.2 MPa, respectively, in the compression, torsion, and 3P‐bending tests. The maximum von Mises stresses on them were far below the ultimate tensile strength or ultimate compressive strength of the titanium alloy.ConclusionsThe diaphyseal prosthesis with tooth mechanism is helpful to adjust the rotation of the long bone during operation. Compared with the conventional diaphyseal prosthesis (without tooth mechanism), the diaphyseal prosthesis with tooth mechanism also has a good biomechanical performance and does not increase the risk of prosthetic failure.