bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Radiographic Assessment of Knee Joint Space with its Clinical Significances
Authors: `Mansur Dil Islam , Karki Subindra , Mehta Dilip Kumar , Shrestha Pragya , Maskey Sunima 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The knee joint space is seen on anteroposterior radiograph as a radiolucent area between lower end of femur and upper end of tibia which is an indirect way of evaluating the knee cartilage thickness.
Objective: This study was aimed to determine the knee joint space in the medial and lateral compartments of the knee joint using digital radiograph.
Methodology : This was cross-sectional study. It consisted of digital radiographs of knee joint of 320 individuals. The medial and lateral joint space width of each knee joint was measured using the scale in the computerized software.
Results: The mean values for medial and lateral joint space widths were found to be 6.11±1.57 mm and 7.92±1.66 mm of the right knee joint respectively and 5.99±1.47 mm and 8.18±1.69 mm of the left knee joint respectively. In males, mean values for joint space widths were 6.37±1.58 mm on medial side and 8.21±1.67 mm on lateral side of the right knee; and 6.24±1.56 mm on medial side and 8.33±1.64 mm on lateral side of the left knee. In Females, these values were 5.89±1.53 mm on medial side and 7.66±1.62 mm on lateral side of the right knee; and 5.79±1.37 mm on medial side and 8.06±1.72 mm on lateral side of the left knee.
Conclusions: It was concluded that the lateral joint space was greater than the medial joint space in both knees. The joint space widths were found to be reasonably constant with increasing age among studied population.
ظاهرة عقد الزَّواج الخارجيِّ في قانون الأحوال الشَّخصيَّة العراقيِّ :دراسة تحليلية
Authors: Alshekh Saad Abdulwahhab , Abdullah Raihanah , Samah Mahamatayuding 
Published: July 2020

The research problem revolves around the extent to which this paper is able to account for the causes that lead to the spread of unofficial or illicit marriages in Iraq since the lawgiver has laid down the standards for official and legal marriage contracts in the Personal Status Law by recording such legal contracts in the competent courts. Hence, this paper will shed light on the effectiveness of the subsequent legal statement to curb this phenomenon. In fact, this legal statement, which is referred to in Article 10 (5) of the Iraqi Personal Status Law No. (188) for the year 1959, reads: "every man who holds a marriage contract out of court is subject to imprisonment for not less than six months, and not more than one year, or risk paying a fine of not less than three hundred dinars and not more than one thousand dinars. However, if he holds the contract out of court while he is still married to another woman, in this case, he is subject to imprisonment for not less than three years, and not more than five years." As a result, this paper will discuss the concept of out-of-court marriage, its categories, the causes of its commonness, the potential harms that it may inflict on the spouses and their children, and the extent to which this violates and break away from the legal objectives of Islamic law and the Iraqi Personal Status Law. In our analysis of the legal texts and judicial decisions issued by the personal status courts, we found that the Iraqi lawgiver was right to criminalize cases pertaining to of out of court marriages since they have harmful effects on both spouses in particular and society in general; and since the legal text is unable to limit the spread of this phenomenon, we see it as a prime necessity to call for the enactment of the law of the Marriage Official as an effective remedy to curb and limit the spread of illegal marriages
الأثر العقدي والسياسي في انقراض المذهب الفقهي بالغرب الإسلامي والأندلس
Authors: Ethmane Abderrahman Youssouf 
Published: July 2020

The Islamic West and Al-Andalus remained affected by the Islamic East until both the West and the East are politically separated. Then the Islamic West and Al-Andalus became a new state and adopted Fiqh mazhab and a political approach differs from the East. The Umayyad State in Al-Andalus tried to transfer the Imam Awza'iâ€™s Mazhab from Bilad al-Sham to Al-Andalus but it eventually discovered that the new environment was not suitable for such Mazhab. So, it replaced the Awza'iâ€™s Mazhab by the Malikiâ€™s one and then excluded all other Mazahib based on political, educational, and theological considerations. At the same time, the Abbasid State in Iraq adopted the Hanafiâ€™s Mazhab and then it was extended to the Islamic West in Tunisia and the African land. Thus, the well-known Fiqh-mazahib in the East reached Al-Andalus and the Islamic West. However, some theological, thoughtful, and political directions accompanied these mazahib had negative effects on them and eventually caused the extinction of them. The most importance of the theological manifests is the existence of Muâ€™tazilah Mazhab among the followers of Hanafi, Shafi, and al-Dhahiriâ€™s Mazhab. Moreover, the Hanafi also mixed with the Shia in the time of the Aubidiyin State. However, most of the public and some of significant scholars were following the Malikiâ€™s Mazhab. From the political side, the most important incident that led to extinction of the Fiqh Mazahib from the Islamic West was the use of excessive force by Al-mohad and Al-Aghalibah states against the Malikiâ€™s scholars and the followers of that Mazhab which led to public supports of the Mazhab and its establishment. This research concerns with the political and theological effects of extinction of those Mazahib. It will be divided into two parts: the first one is about the extinct Fiqh Mazahib from the Islamic West and Al-Andalus and the second part is about the causes of such extinction.
الأحوال الشخصيّة في القانون الفرنسي وما يقابله في الشريع الإسلامي: غينـيا كوناكري نموذجاً
Authors: Sylla Mohamed Lamine , Waehama Muhammad roflee , Taeali Asman 
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses some of the Islamic virtues, the virtues of Islam and Muslims over other religions, heavenly and non-celestial, in the most important subjects of life, namely the social issues of marriage or marriage and its related matters. The good mind does not live happy without its solution, The women are happy only with the pair, and the creation and good cohabitation, so no sex is dispensed with the other not by participation, there is no proper way to do so except by marriage, and to choose French law as a case very import, because its source of Islamic law, the comparison between them is the most appropriate, and to make the state of Guinea Conakry a study, because it is a subsidiary or colony by French, and on the other side because it is among the Islamic countries, and the research aims to highlight the aesthetics of Islam, and the authenticity of authenticity that the Lord of the world, and French law in accordance with Islamic law in many of social issues, and that the state of Guinea Conakry follows the Islamic Sharia in many provisions of marriage, and the researcher has adopted the method of inductive and analytical and comparative, and the researcher's suggestions that the people of language are interested in translating the laws of the situation; because most or most of the Islamic law, balance and between the good and bad.
Association of oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms with autism spectrum disorder in Bengali of Bangladesh population
Authors: Kumkum Mahadia , Marzan Lolo Wal , Akter Shahin , Biswas Soma Chowdhury , Chowdhury Mahmood Ahmed , Hossain Mohammad Afzal 
Published: July 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of sex-biased neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by core deficits in social interaction, communication and behaviors. Several lines of evidence indicate that oxytocin signaling through its receptor (OXTR), is vital in a wide range of social behaviors and role of OXTR polymorphism in ASD development has also been established in several populations. Therefore, an attempt was taken to determine whether genetic variations in the oxytocin signaling system contribute to ASD susceptibility in a part of Bangladeshi (BEB) population. We have investigated the role of OXTR polymorphisms (rs53576, rs2254298, rs2228485 and rs237911) in ASD development through PCR-RFLP method, based on case studies. A significant frequency (p = 0.027) for OXTR ‘rs53576AA’ risk genotype was found to be associated with ASD which is consistent with the previous study in Chinese but Caucasian and Japanese population. Besides, no significant association has been found for other OXTR variants (rs2254298, rs2228485 and rs237911) in this study. Understanding of these significant association with ASD development could be open a new clue aimed at clinical marker development for ASD diagnosis and treatment in future.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 176-186
Moringa leaf extract as a bio-stimulant on growth, yield and nutritional improvement in cabbage
Authors: Hoque Tahsina Sharmin , Rana Md Sohel , Zahan Shahana Akter , Jahan Israt , Abedin Md Anwarul 
Published: July 2020

Moringa is a valuable plant whose leaves are enriched with antioxidants, amino acids, vitamins and mineral nutrients and can be used as a bio-stimulant. A field work was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, during rabi season from November 2017 to February 2018 in order to investigate the effect of moringa leaf extract (MLE) on growth, yield and nutrient status of cabbage. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were T1 (control), T2 (MLE) sprayed at 2 weeks after transplanting only], T3 (MLE sprayed at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after transplanting), T4(MLE sprayed at 2 weeks after transplanting and after every two weeks thereafter). The rate of MLE application was 25 mL plant-1. All the treatments received recommended dose of N, P, K, S, Zn and B fertilizers. The application of MLE significantly improved the growth parameters, yield and yield contributing characters as well as nutrient content and uptake of cabbage. Among the parameters plant height (33.40 cm), leaf number (19.33 cm), length of the largest leaf (29.00 cm), head thickness (9.67 cm), head diameter (20.33 cm), gross yield (72.83 t ha-1) and marketable yield (48.87 t ha-1), were maximum in T4 where MLE was sprayed at 2 weeks after transplanting and after every two weeks thereafter. The lowest values of all these parameters were found in T1 where no MLE was sprayed. Foliar application of MLE also improved the concentration and uptake of macronutrients (N, P, K and S) in head of cabbage. Thus, application of MLE as a bio-stimulant has the potentiality to enhance growth, yield and nutritional quality of cabbage.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 196-203
Land-Mark based morphometric and meristic variations in two congeneric hilsha population, Tenualosa ilisha and Tenualosa toli from Bangladesh water bodies
Authors: Das Mithun , Zahangir Md Mahiuddin , Akhter Fatema , Mamun Md Main Uddin , Islam Md Moudud 
Published: July 2020

The morphometric characters are effectively used for the better differentiation among the fish population and sustainable management. The appraisal of the natural population stock and morphological variation within and between two hilsha species (Tenualosa ilisha and Tenualosa toli) from three different habitat (Coastal, riverine and marine) of Bangladesh, were investigated by applying the land mark based morphometric and meristic variation measurement methods. All data were adjusted and Univariate ANOVA, where discriminant function analysis (DFA) and principal component analysis (PCA) exhibited the divergences in eight morphometric measurements and eight truss network measurements among the three stocks of T. ilisha. The 1st DFA accounted for 89.8% & 87.4% and the second DFA resolved 10.2% and 12.6%, respectively in morphometric characteristics variation among the group studied. Scattered plotting from PCA and dendogram from cluster analysis (CA) revealed that, the river habitants were morphologically different from the coastal and marine population. Twelve of fifteen morphometric measurements and thirteen of fourteen truss network measurements showed significant differences between T. ilisha and T. toil with significant variation in meristic characters. PCA revealed 89.23% and 88.29% in case of morphometric and truss measurement respectively confirmed high degree of variations in morphological characteristics between two species. Overall, our results based on morphometrics with truss measurements together provide useful information about the morphological differentiation which will be helpful for sustainable exploration and effective management for these two species.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 265-282
Status of chemicals and aqua-drugs used for freshwater fish health management at Rangpur district of Bangladesh
Authors: Das Soumen , Akter Mst Nahid , Khatun Mst Masuma 
Published: July 2020

In order to know the existing situation of different chemicals and aqua-drugs used for fish health management an investigation was conducted following a time frame of May, 2019 to October, 2019 at Rangpur district of Bangladesh. Data were collected from the randomly selected fish farmers, company representatives and chemical sellers through questionnaire interview, personal contact and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Farmers were facing several water quality problems associated with different fish diseases. To overcome those obstacles they use variety of chemicals inclulding lime, salt, potassium permanganate, urea, TSP, phitkiri and copper sulphate. Farmers used different chemicals for various purposes like Aquapure, Biopond, Zeofresh, JV-zeolite, Zeorich, Megazeo plus, Geo-ren etc. for pond preparation and water quality management; Sumithion, Engreb, I-mec, Sanmarine etc. for eradication of unwanted species; Oxymax, Oxymore, Oxylife, Aci-ox, Oxyrich, Oxy-aqua, Oxyren etc. to increase oxygen concentration and Gasonil, Gastrap, Bioaqua-50, Gasonex, Metrix, Pondkleen etc. for reducing harmful gases in pond water. Used disinfectants like Timsen, Virex, Polgard+, , Micronil etc.; antibiotics include Renamycin, Eskamycin, Bactitab, Cotrim vet bolus, Chemycin, Aquamycin etc.; Aqua photo, Safegut, Biomax, Profs, Pond care etc. were the used probiotics where various growth promoters include Panvit aqua, Nutrigel, Aquazyme, Spa gelly, Charger gel etc. Some problems were reported regarding the use of chemicals such as their indiscriminate use, method of application, time of application and inappropriate doses.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 283-293
Clinical investigation of different types of cases of outdoor patients using ultrasonography in Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Mahjabun Shafaat , Kabir Humayun , Islam Meftah , Azad Abdur Rahim , Sarker Sumon Kumar , Hasinuzzaman Reza Tuhin , Sultana Syeda Olima , Nahar Mst Nazmun 
Published: July 2020

Ultrasonography is an easy, noninvasive, rapid investigation advised by doctors worldwide. Hence we diagnosed different types of cases through ultrasonography at outdoor patients admitted to Department of Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur Bangladesh over a period of four months. Our objective was to investigate the prevalence of different types of cases diagnosed and evaluated by ultrasonography in a variety of physical conditions with multiple clinical scenarios. Ultrasonography were performed using GE Logiq V5 Expert ultrasound machine with linear and curved linear phased array transducers. A total 300 cases were diagnosed, where female and male cases were 204 (68%), 96 (32%) respectively. Most ultrasound examinations were abdominal, with the remainder being obstetric, pelvic, breast, and genitourinary examinations. In this study, abdominal ultrasonography represented 118 case (39.33%), Pelvic 54 (18%), KUB 57 (19%), Breast 7 (2.33%) and Obstetrics 64 (21.33%). We found general clinical prevalence of abdominal cases were Cholelithiasis 17 (5.67%), Cholecystitis 3 (1%), Fatty liver 24 (8%), Hepatic Mass 2 (0.67%), Hepatic cyst 1 (0.33%), Acute hepatitis 2 (0.67%), Acute appendicitis 6 (2%), Ascites 2 (0.67%), Hernia 3(1%), Acute pancreatitis 2 (0.67%), Choledocholithiasis 2 (0.67%), Splenomegaly 1 (0.33 %), Abscess 1 (0.33%) and normal cases were 54 (18%). In genitourinary, Stone 20 (6.67%), Cyst 7 (2.33%), RPD 11 (3.67), Cystitis 4 (1.33), Ectopic kidney 1 (0.33%), Enlarged prostate 6 (2%), Hydronephrosis 1 (0.33%), Mass lesion 2 (0.67%) and normal cases were 7 (2.33%). In Pelvic, RPC 11 (3.67%), Ovarian and adnexal cyst 11 (3.67%), Uterine Anomaly 14 (4.67%), Mass lesion 2 (0.67%), Collection 7 (2.33) and normal cases were 5 (1.67%). In Obstetrics, normal pregnancy with no or minor complications, pregnancy with severe complications and abnormal pregnancy were 31(10.33%), 30(10%) and 3(1.0%) respectively. In Breast, dilated duct 1 (0.33%), Abscess 2 (0.67%), Fibroadenoma 2 (0.67%) and normal cases were 2 (0.67%). Here, we found that Fatty liver, stone in genitourinary tract and gall stone were highly prevalent. So, health care providers need to concern and raise awareness to reduce the number of cases.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 294-298
Socio-economic status of fisher community at Nijhum Dwip
Authors: Siam Hassan Shafkat , Hasan Md Robiul , Sultana Tasnim 
Published: July 2020

Nijhum dwip is a well-known island in which local people are mostly dependent on fisheries resources. The island is located in Hatiya Upazila under Noakhali district, Bangladesh. The present study attempted to investigate the socio-economic condition of fishers on this island. We randomly selected 50 fishers for an interview in the field survey. From the investigation, we found that 94% of fishers were male, and 6% were female. A large portion was Muslim (90%), and the rest was Hindu (10%). About 91% were found married. Nuclear families were more (59%) common compared to joint families. Among school-going children, 57% of boys and 43% of girls were dropouts. Eighty-eight per cent of dwellings were full katcha while semi-pacca were 12% and all the family are lack of electricity facilities. Different types of the net including the set bag net, tong jal, current jal, tanajal etc. were found on this island. They used motorboats, and engine power ranges from 8 to 22 hp for fishing. A group of fishermen caught fish averagely 35-80 kg per day. A portion of them being consumed for households and the rest of them are usually sold. The monthly average income was around BDT7000-8000. Fifty-six per cent of the fishermen borrowed money from money lenders and 44% from the NGOs. Our findings suggest that GOs and NGOs should come forward for the betterment of socio-economic condition through increasing educational opportunities, loan facilities and electricity facilities and sustainable livelihood in the present study area.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 351-358
PLANEJAMENTO TRIBUTÁRIO: SALDO CREDOR ICMS NAS EMPRESAS
Authors: Schuh Clari , Maria Augusto Caetano , Sousa Marco Aurélio Batista de 
Published: July 2020

O Imposto sobre Operações Relativas à Circulação de Mercadorias e sobre Prestação de Serviços de Transporte Interestadual, Intermunicipal e de Comunicação (ICMS), é um dos que mais onera as empresas brasileiras. O acúmulo de saldo credor deste imposto constitui um problema tributário, pois nem sempre conseguem compensar com os débitos de suas operações, pois se trata de um imposto Estadual. Neste contexto, o estudo objetivou investigar qual é a melhor forma de uma indústria de fertilizantes se utilizar do seu saldo credor do ICMS. Em termos metodológicos, o estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa do problema. O levantamento dos dados deu-se por meio de documentos disponibilizado pela empresa e a legislação vigente, onde foram levantados os créditos de ICMS dos Estados referente saldo em 2015, que a empresa atual. Após, verificado as opções que a legislação prevê e efetuados os cálculos, analises e projeções necessárias, verificou-se que a opção menos onerosa é vender os créditos de ICMS para terceiros.Palavras-Chave: Saldo Credor. ICMS. Crédito acumulado. Planejamento tributário. TAX PLANNING: ICMS CREDIT BALANCE IN COMPANIESAbstract: The tax on operations related to the circulation of goods and on the provision of interstate, intermunicipal and communication services (ICMS) is one of the most burdensome Brazillian companies. The accumulation of credit balance of this duty constitutes a tax problem, since not everytime they compensatte with the debts of its operations, because its a state tax. In this contexto, the study aimed to investigate what would be the best way of a fertilizer industry use its ICMS credit balance. The study is marked as a descriptive research with qualitative approach of the situation. The survey of data took place through documents made available by the company and the current legislation where the ICMS credits of the states were gathered, refering to the balance in 2015, generated by the company. After verifying the options predicted by the legislation and made the necessary calculations, analysis and projections, it was found that the least costly option is to sell ICMS credits to third parties.Keywords: Credit balance. ICMS. Tax Planning.