bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of 2,4-dioxobutanoic acid hydrazine derivatives
Authors: Pulina Natalia A. , Kuznecov Aleksander S. , Chashchina Svetlana V. 
Published: November 2020

Objective. To study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of water-soluble hydrazine derivatives of 2,4-dioxobutanoic acids, as well as to determine the relationship between the structure of substances and their biological effects.
Materials and methods. The laboratory synthesis methods were applied to obtain 2-hydrazine derivatives of 2,4-dioxobutanoic acids. The compounds were tested for biological activity using a hot plate test in mice and an acute inflammatory reaction caused by carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats.
Results. The analgesic activity of four compounds is comparable to that of nimesulide. One of the substances obtained is found to exhibit higher anti-inflammatory activity than nimesulide during the 1st and 3rd hours of the experiment. Two compounds with a combination of high analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity were identified. The effect of certain radicals in the structure of the substances on the activities studied was discovered.
Conclusions. The revealed relationship between the structure of original compounds and their biological activities can be used in the further synthesis and search for new domestic pharmaceutical substances with investigated effects.
Role of vasculoendothelial growth factor and its gene in pathogenesis of hepatobiliary pathology
Authors: Schekotova A. P. , Bulatova I. A. 
Published: November 2020

Objective. To assess the pathogenetic value of vasculoendothelial growth factor (VEGF) and polymorphism of its gene in hepatobiliary pathology.
Materials and methods. The study included 190 patients with hepatobiliary pathology (HBP): 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in the reactivation phase, 50 with HC in the outcome of CHC, 30 with cholelithiasis, 10 with focal liver lesions (including 8 with primary and secondary liver tumors).
Results. In case of hepatobiliary pathology, VEGF, as indicator neoangiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction (ED), is a marker of the severity of liver lesion: its production is increased in some patients with cholelithiasis, moderately elevated in all patients with CH and significantly elevated against the background of HC and liver pathology of the tumor genesis. In chronic diffuse diseases of the liver, there are detected multiple reliable relationships between VEGF and a number of ED indices, hepatic clinical and biochemical syndromes, liver fibrosis markers, viral load level that proves the obligate involvement of VEGF in the development and progression of liver pathology. VEGF can be used as a test for differential diagnosis of fibrosis in CH and HC with the sensibility of 90 % and specificity of 78 %. Carriage of the allele C in the locus of the VEGF gene (G-634C) in the form of homozygote CC can show the risk of more severe lesion of the liver in CHC and is interconnected with increased production of VEGF.
Conclusions. Vasculoendothelial growth factor and polymorphism of its gene is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary pathology, activating neoangiogenesis and fibrosis in the liver.
Trazos, referencias geométricas y recursos gráficos ocultos en monumentos funerarios: el mausoleo del cardenal Juan de Cervantes en contexto
Authors: Laguna Paúl Teresa 
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: La investigación estudia los recursos gráficos ocultos del sepulcro del cardenal Juan de Cervantes realizado por Lorenzo Mercader (Lorenzo Mercadante de Bretaña). Las tramas geométricas dibujadas por este artista en el túmulo funerario guiaron la realización de sus trabajos escultóricos, desde el diseño de la microarquitectura acordada, al del corte y la talla de todas las piezas de alabastro en el taller. Las referencias gráficas incisas en la microarquitectura presentan características equiparables a los dibujos de ejecución o monteas de la cantería y arquitectura gótica.PALABRAS CLAVE: Trazos geométricos, recursos gráficos, escultura funeraria, microarquitectura gótica, Mercadante de Bretaña, sepulcro cardenal Cervantes, catedral Sevilla.
Insecticide Susceptibility Status of Wild Population of Phlebotomus kandelakii and Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus Collected from Visceral Leishmaniasis Endemic Foci in Northwestern Iran
Authors: Rassi Yavar , Moradi-Asl Eslam , Vatandoost Hassan , Abazari Malek , Saghafipour Abedin 
Published: November 2020

Background: Phlebotomus kandelakii and Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus sand flies are the vectors of vis­ceral leishmaniasis in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Ph. kandelakii and Ph. perfil­iewi trans­caucasicus, collected from an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the northwest of Iran, to different select­ed insecticides.
Methods: Sand flies were collected from the villages of Meshkinshahr and Germi Counties using light traps and aspira­tors from May to October 2019. The sand flies were identified as Ph. kandelakii and Ph. perfiliewi transcauca­sicus us­ing standard identification keys. Susceptibility test was carried out against DDT (4%), Malathion (5%), Propoxur (0.1%) and Lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%) according to the WHO standard method. MedCalc statistical software was employed to calculate LT50 and LT90 and to compare the chances of sand flies surviving the exposure to the studied in­secticides.
Results: A total of 1,278 female specimens were used for the susceptibility tests. Out of which 1,063 samples were used for the test and 215 for the control group. The estimated LT50 values for DDT (4%), Malathion (5%), Propoxur (0.1%), and Lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%) for Ph. kandelakii were 15.1, 13.4, 15.4 and 5.8 minutes respectively, and for Ph. per­filiewi transcaucasicus were 11.9, 15.6, 15.9 and 5.8 minutes respectively.
Conclusion: This susceptibility studies revealed different LT50 values for different insecticides efficient against Ph. kandelakii and Ph. perfiliewi transcaucasicus. The regular monitoring for the resistance of Ph. kandelakii and Ph. per­filiewi transcaucasicus sand flies seems necessary in diseases control programs in this area.
Methadone Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Critically Ill Patients Following Intramuscular and Intravenous Administration: A Pilot Stud
Authors: Beik Rassouli Safoura , Rouini Mohammad Reza , Najmeddin Farhad , Gheimati Azin , A Golabchifar Ali , Tabib Kimia , Ahmadi Arezoo , Sadeghi Kourosh , Honarmand Hooshyar , Hadi Ali Mohammed , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba 
Published: November 2020

Background: Methadone is used for the pain management worldwide. Its special characteristics make it a potential alternative for pain management in critically ill and geriatric patients. Due to lack of studies in this population, we aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic behavior of Methadone following intramuscular and intravenous administration in geriatric ICU patients and with previously reports in healthy volunteers.
Methods: According to the limitations in ICU setting, we could include 11 patients over 65 years old, who required opioid for pain relief in this study. Patients were randomized to receive 5 mg of Methadone IM or IV injection every 8 hours for 6 days. The Methadone plasma level detected with LC-mass tandem mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetics parameters were evaluated for each subject in both 1st and 6th days of treatment.
Results: Based on our results, bioavailability of intramuscular Methadone in geriatric ICU patients was low and less than 40% of the dose was absorbed within first 12 hours. The volume of distribution of Methadone in the first day was significantly lower than the previously reported values in healthy subjects and significantly increased during these 6 days. The Methadone half-life in this population also significantly increased through this period.
Conclusion: Pharmacokinetic behavior of Methadone in geriatric ICU patients is unpredictable. Reduced volume of distribution and half-life may be observed initially, following with an increase to the normal range. It seems that IM administration of Methadone in geriatric critically ill patients may not provide target analgesic Methadone serum levels.
Is Intra-Cellular Magnesium Concentration Correlate with Morbidity and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zinat Heidari Zinat , Abdollahi Alireza , Khalili Hossein 
Published: November 2020

Backgrounds: Hypomagnesemia is a common electrolyte disturbance among critically ill patient which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this study, correlations between serum and intra-cellular magnesium concentrations at the time of intensive care unit (ICU) admission with ICU complications and mortality were evaluated.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 70 consecutive adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a tertiary referral teaching hospital during a six-month period. Serum and intra-cellular magnesium levels were measured on admission. Clinical information, morbidity, and mortality were followed and recorded during ICU stay until discharge or death.
Results: On admission, 37.14% of patients suffered hypomagnesemia. Low intra-cellular magnesium level was observed in 44.28% of patients. Cardiovascular complications and mortality were significantly higher in patients with lower serum and intra-cellular magnesium levels when compared to patients with normal levels (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between serum magnesium level on ICU admission and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score (r = ˗0.39, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Particular attention should be reserved to possible prognostic and therapeutic consequences of magnesium depletion in critically ill patients. Magnesium deficiency was associated with a higher APACHE II score on admission, higher cardiovascular complications, and increased mortality.
Clinical Effects of Chlorhexidine 0.2% and Cetylpyridinium 0.05% Combination in Comparison with Chlorhexidine, Cetylpyridinium and Persica in Reducing Oral Bacteria in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Yarahmadi Nioosha , Hashemian Farshad , Hosseini Doust Reza 
Published: November 2020

Background: Preparation of a new product with the goal of reducing chlorhexidine’s side effects without decreasing (and even increasing) its effectiveness is a desirable goal for researchers in the field of oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Chlorhexidine 0.2% and Cetylpyridinium 0.05% combination in reducing oral bacteria in comparison with Chlorhexidine 0.2%, Cetylpyridinium 0.05% and Persica mouthwashes.
Methods: 100 healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 30 years were randomly assigned to 5 groups. The first group received Chlorhexidine 0.2%, the second group received Cetylpyridinium 0.05%, the third received Persica, the fourth received Chlorhexidine 0.2% plus Cetylpyridinium 0.05%, and the fifth group received Chlorhexidine 0.05% plus Cetylpyridinium 0.05%. Samples were obtained at baseline and thirty minutes after oral rinsing with the mouthwashes. The number of colony-forming units (CFU/mL) before and after mouthwash administration was compared for each sample.
Results: The preparation with the most bacterial count reduction was found to be Chlorhexidine 0.2% and Cetylpyridinium 0.05% combination. However, the difference between efficacy of Chlorhexidine 0.2% plus Cetylpyridinium 0.05% and Chlorhexidine 0.05% plus Cetylpyridinium 0.05% was found not to be statistically significant.
Conclusions: A new mouthwash preparation including chlorhexidine 0.05% and cetylpyridinium 0.05 % combination is the most desirable due to the increased efficacy and fewer side effects.
Enoxaparin Utilization Evaluation and Its Clinical and Laboratory Outcomes in Pediatric Patients in a Children’s Teaching Hospital
Authors: Samadi Bahrami Uldooz , Safari Sharari Alieh , Pourkarami Hadis , Faghihi Toktam 
Published: November 2020

Backgrounds: In recent years, low molecular weight heparin use has increased in children. Dose of enoxaparin to achieve target anti-Xa and time to achieve anti-Xa are evolving and efficacy outcome data in terms of laboratory and clinical response rate in children still remains to be elucidated. Thus, in this drug utilization and evaluation study, we assessed patterns of enoxaparin use, its concordance with guidelines and laboratory and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients in a Children’s teaching hospital.
Methods: In a prospective observational study, all pediatric patients with a thrombotic event who underwent treatment with enoxaparin were included. Demographic data, clinical outcome data based on follow-up sonography results, laboratory response based on anti-Xa and concordance with guidelines in terms of initial daily dose, duration of treatment, performing sonography to evaluate response, anti Xa check and time of anti-Xa check were evaluated.
Results: During a 9-month period, 41 pediatric patients suffered a thrombotic event and received enoxaparin. Median age of participants was 18.5 months. The anti-Xa level became therapeutic on mean day 4.7 with a mean enoxaparin dose of 1.24 mg/kg. Among participants 42% achieved therapeutic anti-Xa with initial empirical dosing. Less than 25 % of participants had a follow-up sonography and among them, 77% demonstrated complete thrombosis resolution after 4-6 weeks of enoxaparin therapy. We observed one major bleeding event. Concordance with guidelines was low in the aspects of duration of treatment, performing sonography to evaluate response and anti-Xa check.
Conclusion: With initial empiric dosing, it may take several days before anti-Xa become therapeutic. Among half of the children, a higher than recommended 1 mg/kg dose was required to achieve therapeutic anti-Xa level. Educational processes are mandatory regarding enoxaparin use and monitoring among clinicians to improve concordance with guidelines.
Instrumento de autoavaliação para estudantes de cursinhos populares: a evasão como problemática
Authors: Campos Luciana Maria Lunardi , Cruz Natália Harue da 
Published: November 2020

O presente estudo teve por objetivo elaborar um instrumento de autoavaliação e analisar a viabilidade de sua utilização junto a estudantes de um cursinho pré-universitário, vinculado a uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo. Esta proposta avaliativa visa possibilitar aos estudantes a realização de um exercício de autocrítica e de reflexão sobre o desempenho e as dificuldades no decorrer do curso e justifica-se pelos altos índices da evasão em cursinhos populares. O instrumento foi elaborado com três eixos: identificação, desempenho geral e dificuldades, para ser utilizado mensal e individualmente pelos/as estudantes. A cada autoavaliação, o/a estudante recebeu uma nova ficha para preenchimento dos mesmos aspectos e os dados das autoavaliações anteriores para analisá-los e compará-los com as novas respostas. Participaram do estudo duas turmas de extensivo, num total de 21 estudantes. Os resultados foram organizados em: instrumentos elaborados e aplicação do instrumento e indicam que o instrumento proporcionou uma nova experiência aos estudantes e que dificuldades, desmotivação e evasão estão relacionados à dimensão subjetiva, que só pode ser compreendida em articulação com à objetiva.Palavrs-chave: Cursinho pré-universitário; Autoavaliação; Evasão Escolar. ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to develop a self-assessment tool and analyze the feasibility of its use among pre-university students course from a public university from the state of São Paulo. This proposes evaluation method aims to lead the students to perform an exercise of self-criticism, reflecting on the performance and difficulties that are found during the course period and justified by the high evasion rates in popular courses. The instrument was elaborated with three axes: identification, general performance, and difficulties, to be used monthly and individually by the students. At each self-assessment, the student received a new form to fill in the same aspects and data from the previous self-assessments to analyze and compare them with the new answers. A total of 21 students participated in the study. The results were organized in how the self-assessment was elaborated and its application and indicate that instrument provided a new experience for students and that difficulties, desmotivation and evasion are related to the subjective dimension, which can only be understood in articulation with the objective.Keywords: Pre-university Coursework; Self- Evaluation; School Dropout.
Aplicação dos Critérios de Beers de 2015 Operacionalizados para Portugal em Pessoas Idosas Institucionalizadas: Um Estudo Transversal
Authors: Peixoto Sofia , Almeida Armando , Caramelo Ana , Mendes Lígia 
Published: November 2020

Introdução: O consumo de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados é elevado entre idosos institucionalizados, predispondo à ocorrência de potenciais interações medicamentosas, eventos adversos a medicação, risco de cascata iatrogénica, aumento da morbimortalidade e dos custos em saúde. A revisão da medicação é uma estratégia promissora com vista à otimização terapêutica, ainda que pouco documentada em Portugal. Este estudo pretende caraterizar, utilizando critérios explícitos, a existência de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados, entre idosos institucionalizados, e calcular a eventual poupança, em medicamentos, com a sua supressão.Material e Métodos: Estudo descritivo e transversal, realizado em três estruturas residenciais para pessoas idosas, de regiões geográficas distintas, a partir de uma amostra aleatória de 33 processos clínicos. Para a caracterização da existência de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados, utilizaram-se os Critérios de Beers de 2015, revistos pela American Geriatrics Society e na versão operacionalizada para Portugal.Resultados: Em média, 11 fármacos são prescritos aos idosos residentes das estruturas residenciais para pessoas idosas. Todos os processos contêm medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (média de 4,8 ± 2,0 por residente), sendo os ansiolíticos (17,7%), antidepressivos (17,7%) e antipsicóticos (15,8%) os mais prevalentes. A sua redução resultaria numa poupança média mensal de €9,6, por residente.Discussão: O consumo de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados é superior ao que a bibliografia descreve e o custo com os medicamentos é elevado. O envolvimento dos enfermeiros no processo de gestão e reconciliação medicamentosa, em articulação com o médico, poderá ser uma estratégia eficaz. O estudo é pioneiro na utilização da última versão portuguesa dos critérios de Beers, o que dificulta a comparabilidade dos resultados.Conclusão: O consumo de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados é elevado, o que sugere a necessidade de adoção de medidas de melhoria.
Initial Assessment of the Impact of the Emergency State Lockdown Measures on the 1st Wave of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Portugal
Authors: Ricoca Peixoto Vasco , Vieira André , Aguiar Pedro , Carvalho Carlos , Rhys Thomas Daniel , Abrantes Alexandre 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Portugal took early action to control the COVID-19 epidemic, initiating lockdown measures on March 16th when it recorded only 62 cases of COVID-19 per million inhabitants and reported no deaths. The Portuguese public complied quickly, reducing their overall mobility by 80%. The aim of this study was to estimate the initial impact of the lockdown in Portugal in terms of the reduction of the burden on the healthcare system.Material and Methods: We forecasted epidemic curves for: Cases, hospital inpatients (overall and in intensive care), and deaths without lockdown, assuming that the impact of containment measures would start 14 days after initial lockdown was implemented. We used exponential smoothing models for deaths, intensive care and hospitalizations and an ARIMA model for number of cases. Models were selected considering fitness to the observed data up to the 31st March 2020. We then compared observed (with intervention) and forecasted curves (without intervention).Results: Between April 1st and April 15th, there were 146 fewer deaths (-25%), 5568 fewer cases (-23%) and, as of April 15th, there were 519 fewer intensive care inpatients (-69%) than forecasted without the lockdown. On April 15th, the number of intensive care inpatients could have reached 748, three times higher than the observed value (229) if the intervention had been delayed.Discussion: If the lockdown had not been implemented in mid-March, Portugal intensive care capacity (528 beds) would have likely been breached during the first half of April. The lockdown seems to have been effective in reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, serious COVID-19 disease, and associated mortality, thus decreasing demand on health services.Conclusion: An early lockdown allowed time for the National Health Service to mobilize resources and acquire personal protective equipment, increase testing, contact tracing and hospital and intensive care capacity and to promote broad prevention and control measures. When lifting more stringent measures, strong surveillance and communication strategies that mobilize individual prevention efforts are necessary.
External Validation of Achieving the Patient Acceptable Symptom State for the EuroQol-5 Dimension 1 Year After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Florissi Isabella , Galea Vincent , Shin David , Sauder Nicholas , Colon Iban Yhan E. , Ingelsrud Lina H. , Troelsen Anders , Bragdon Charles , Malchau Henrik 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) thresholds for the EuroQol-5 Dimension-3 Level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire have been established for patients being evaluated 1 year following total hip arthroplasty (THA) but with varying derivation cohorts and methods. The aim of this study was to (1) generate an EQ-5D PASS threshold 1 year following THA on the basis of an international patient cohort, (2) validate preexisting and newly generated PASS thresholds 1 year following THA using the institutional registry of an academic care center, and (3) assess whether THA PASS thresholds vary by patient age and sex.

Methods:
The derivation cohort for the THA PASS threshold consisted of 774 patients (after exclusions) who were enrolled in an international, multicenter study from 2007 to 2012 and who completed the EQ-5D and a numerical rating scale (NRS) for satisfaction 1 year postoperatively. With the NRS dichotomized at 2.5 as the anchor, a PASS cutoff for the EQ-5D was generated using the 80% specificity method. The Youden method and 75th percentile approach served as sensitivity analyses. The external validation cohort comprised 1,472 patients who had undergone THA. PASS thresholds were used to dichotomize the external validation sample. The ability of the threshold to predict satisfaction was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Patient subcohorts were stratified by age (>65 and ≤65 years) and sex.

Results:
Three THA PASS thresholds of 0.77 (our newly defined threshold), 0.82, and 0.92 were validated in this study. The EQ-5D PASS threshold of 0.77 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.816) best predicted satisfaction 1 year after THA. Subcohort analyses yielded comparable 1-year PASS thresholds for THA between age cohorts and between sex cohorts.

Conclusions:
This study identifies PASS thresholds that best predict patient satisfaction 1 year following THA. Although the varied methodology and patient cohorts used to derive PASS values complicate the comparison of these thresholds, this analysis can help surgeons understand the level of health-related quality of life associated with patient satisfaction following THA.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.