bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects ofNigella sativaextract against H2O2‐induced cell death through the inhibition of DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
Authors: Farshori Nida N. , Saquib Quaiser , Siddiqui Maqsood A. , Al‐Oqail Mai M. , Al‐Sheddi Ebtesam S. , Al‐Massarani Shaza M. , Al‐Khedhairy Abdulaziz A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOxidative stress is known to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in endothelial cells and indorse development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this research was to assess the cytoprotective effects of ethanolic extract ofNigella sativa(NSE) against H2O2‐induced cell death in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and also study the probable mechanisms through which NSE exhibited cyto‐protection. The cytotoxicity was measured by exposing the HUVECs with NSE (10–200 μg/ml) and H2O2(25–1000 μM) for 24 h. Then, the HUVECs were pretreated with noncytotoxic doses (10–50 μg/ml) of NSE for 24 h before administration of 200 μM H2O2for 24 h. The MTT, NRU, and morphological assays were performed to assess the cytotoxicity and cyto‐protection. Potential antioxidant activity of NSE on oxidative stress marker (glutathione [GSH] and lipid peroxidation [LPO]) was also evaluated. The fluorescence probe, DCF‐DA, and Rh123 were applied to measure the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis and comet assay were used to study the cell cycle arrest and DNA damage, respectively. The concentrations (10, 30, and 50 μg/ml) of NSE were found to protect HUVECs against H2O2(200 μM)‐induced cytotoxicity in HUVECs. Pretreatment of HUVECs with NSE significantly reduced the LPO and ROS levels and restored the GSH and loss of MMP induced by H2O2. Furthermore, NSE inhibited H2O2‐induced cell cycle arrest and cellular DNA damage in HUVECs. Altogether, these results suggest that NSE can prevent H2O2‐induced cell death, and NSE could be a potential candidate that can prevent HUVECs against toxicants.
Guanylate‐binding protein 1 correlates with advanced tumor features, and serves as a prognostic biomarker for worse survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Wan Quanchao , Qu Jingming , Li Longfei , Gao Feng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveGuanylate‐binding protein 1 (GBP1) is reported to promote tumor progression and treatment resistance in lung cancer, and presents as a prognostic biomarker in several solid tumors. However, the related research of GBP1 in clinical management of lung adenocarcinoma is still lacking. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect the clinical role of GBP1 in lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsThe clinical data of 221 lung adenocarcinoma patients were retrospectively analyzed, and then, their tumor tissue specimens and paired adjacent tissue specimens were retrieved for GBP1 detection via immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay.ResultsGBP1 expression was upregulated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues (P < .001). Moreover, high tumor GBP1 expression was associated with larger tumor size (P = .030), positive lymph node (LYN) metastasis (P = .001), advanced TNM stage (P = .001), and abnormal preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (P = .026). Furthermore, tumor GBP1 high expression was correlated with reduced disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), and was of independent value in predicting worse DFS and OS. Additionally, data analysis of 1144 lung cancer patients derived from KMplot database (www.kmplot.com) further verified that GBP1 expression was negatively correlated with OS (P = .009).ConclusionGBP1 correlates with advanced tumor features and worse survival profiles, suggesting its value to be a prognostic biomarker in management of lung adenocarcinoma.
The “3 Es” of trauma‐informed care in a federally qualified health center: TraumaticEvent‐ andExperience‐related predictors of physical and mental healthEffectsamong female patients
Authors: Lathan Emma C. , Selwyn Candice N. , Langhinrichsen‐Rohling Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFederally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) are a fast‐growing source of healthcare for women with intersectional identities, or those most frequently exposed to and negatively impacted by interpersonal trauma. According to the “3 E” conceptualization of trauma, certainEvent‐ andExperience‐related characteristics of a trauma predict victims’ physical and mental healthEffects. The “3 Es” have yet to be studied in female FQHC patients. The current study examined the prevalence of interpersonal trauma and interrelationships among traumaticEvent‐related factors (e.g., cumulative trauma by victim‐perpetrator relationship),Experience‐related factors (e.g., betrayal, resilience), andEffects(e.g., somatic symptoms, posttraumatic stress (PTS), anxiety/depression, mistrust, reduced sense of safety) among 138 predominantly Black (89.1%) women receiving care at an FQHC in the southeastern U.S. Roughly 65% of participants (n = 86) endorsed exposure to at least one type of interpersonal trauma. More cumulative trauma was significantly correlated with more somatic, PTS, and anxious/depressive symptoms, and a reduced sense of safety.Experiencesof betrayal and/or resilience were better predictors of PTS and anxious/depressive symptoms and lack of safety thanEvent‐related factors. Findings support the need for the implementation of trauma‐informed care within community‐based health centers. Healthcare providers should consider women's subjective experience of trauma when screening for exposure and providing trauma‐sensitive care.
Osteoblast‐specific deficiency of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase or phosphodiesterase‐1 engenders insulin resistance in high‐fat diet fed mice
Authors: Roberts Fiona L. , Rashdan Nabil A. , Phadwal Kanchan , Markby Greg R. , Dillon Scott , Zoll Janna , Berger Julian , Milne Elspeth , Orriss Isabel R. , Karsenty Gerard , Le Saux Olivier , Morton Nicholas M. , Farquharson Colin , MacRae Vicky E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSupraphysiological levels of the osteoblast‐enriched mineralization regulator ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase or phosphodiesterase‐1 (NPP1) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We determined the impact of osteoblast‐specific Enpp1 ablation on skeletal structure and metabolic phenotype in mice. Female, but not male, 6‐week‐old mice lacking osteoblast NPP1 expression (osteoblast‐specific knockout [KO]) exhibited increased femoral bone volume or total volume (17.50% vs. 11.67%; p < .01), and reduced trabecular spacing (0.187 vs. 0.157 mm; p < .01) compared with floxed (control) mice. Furthermore, an enhanced ability of isolated osteoblasts from the osteoblast‐specific KO to calcify their matrix in vitro compared to fl/fl osteoblasts was observed (p < .05). Male osteoblast‐specific KO and fl/fl mice showed comparable glucose and insulin tolerance despite increased levels of insulin–sensitizing under‐carboxylated osteocalcin (195% increase; p < .05). However, following high‐fat‐diet challenge, osteoblast‐specific KO mice showed impaired glucose and insulin tolerance compared with fl/fl mice. These data highlight a crucial local role for osteoblast NPP1 in skeletal development and a secondary metabolic impact that predominantly maintains insulin sensitivity.
The role of the calmodulin‐binding and calmodulin‐like domains of the epidermal growth factor receptor in tyrosine kinase activation
Authors: Abdelli Faten , Jellali Karim , Anguita Estefanía , González‐Muñoz María , Villalobo Eduardo , Madroñal Ivan , Alcalde Juan , Ben Ali Mamdouh , Elloumi‐Mseddi Jihene , Jemel Ikram , Tebar Francesc , Enrich Carlos , Aifa Sami , Villalobo Antonio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) harbors a calmodulin (CaM)‐binding domain (CaM‐BD) and a CaM‐like domain (CaM‐LD) upstream and downstream, respectively, of the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain. We demonstrate in this paper that deletion of the positively charged CaM‐BD (EGFR/CaM‐BD∆) inactivated the TK activity of the receptor. Moreover, deletion of the negatively charged CaM‐LD (EGFR/CaM‐LD∆), leaving a single negative residue (glutamate), reduced the activity of the receptor. In contrast, substituting the CaM‐LD with a histidine/valine‐rich peptide (EGFR/InvCaM‐LD) caused full inactivation. We also demonstrated using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry that the chimera EGFR‐green fluorescent protein (GFP)/CaM‐BD∆, the EGFR/CaM‐LD∆, and EGFR/InvCaM‐LD mutants all bind tetramethylrhodamine‐labelled EGF. These EGFR mutants were localized at the plasma membrane as the wild‐type receptor does. However, only the EGFR/CaM‐LD∆ and EGFR/InvCaM‐LD mutants appear to undergo ligand‐dependent internalization, while the EGFR‐GFP/CaM‐BD∆ mutant seems to be deficient in this regard. The obtained results and in silico modelling studies of the asymmetric structure of the EGFR kinase dimer support a role of a CaM‐BD/CaM‐LD electrostatic interaction in the allosteric activation of the EGFR TK.
Dectin‐1–mediated suppression of RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis by glucan from baker's yeast
Authors: Hara Shiika , Nagai‐Yoshioka Yoshie , Yamasaki Ryota , Adachi Yoshiyuki , Fujita Yuko , Watanabe Kouji , Maki Kenshi , Nishihara Tatsuji , Ariyoshi Wataru 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImmunoreceptors expressed on osteoclast precursor cells modify osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity. Dectin‐1 is a lectin receptor of β‐glucan and is specifically expressed in osteoclast precursor cells. In this study, we evaluated the bioactivity of β‐glucan on receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis and observed that glucan from baker's yeast inhibited this process in mouse bone marrow cells and dectin‐1–overexpressing RAW264.7 (d‐RAW) cells. In conjunction, RANKL‐induced nuclear factor of activated T cell c1 expression was suppressed, subsequently downregulating TRAP and Oc‐stamp. Additionally, nuclear factor‐kappa B activation and the expression of c‐fos and Blimp1 were reduced in d‐RAW cells. Furthermore, glucan from baker's yeast induced the degradation of Syk protein, essential factor for osteoclastogenesis. These results suggest that glucan from baker's yeast suppresses RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and can be applied as a new treatment strategy for bone‐related diseases.
Psychological operationisms at Harvard: Skinner, Boring, and Stevens
Authors: Verhaegh Sander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContemporary discussions about operational definition often hark back to Stanley S. Stevens' classic papers on psychological operationism. Still, he was far from the only psychologist to call for conceptual hygiene. Some of Stevens' direct colleagues at Harvard—most notably B. F. Skinner and E. G. Boring—were also actively applying Bridgman's conceptual strictures to the study of mind and behavior. In this paper, I shed new light on the history of operationism by reconstructing the Harvard debates about operational definition in the years before Stevens published his seminal articles. Building on a large set of archival evidence from the Harvard University Archives, I argue that we can get a more complete understanding of Stevens' contributions if we better grasp the operationisms of his former teachers and direct colleagues at Harvard's Department of Philosophy and Psychology.
TRIAD XI: Utilizing simulation to evaluate the living will and POLST ability to achieve goal concordant care when critically ill or at end‐of‐life—The Realistic Interpretation of Advance Directives
Authors: Mirarchi Ferdinando , Juhasz Kristin , Cooney Timothy , Desiderio Daniel 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveUtilize simulation to evaluate if living wills (LW) or POLST achieves goal concordant Care (GCC) in a medical crisis.MethodsNurses and resident‐physicians from a single center were randomized to a clinical scenario with a living will (LW), physician orders for life sustaining treatment (POLST) or no document. Primary outcomes were resuscitation decision and time to decision. Secondary outcome was the effect of education.ResultsTotal enrollment was 57 and less than 30% received prior training. Types of directives were linked to resuscitation decisions (P = .019). Participants randomized to “No Document” or POLST specifying “CPR” performed resuscitation. If a terminal condition presented with a POLST/ do not resuscitate‐comfort measures only (DNR‐CMO), 73% resuscitated. The LW or POLST specifying DNR combined with medical support resulted in resuscitations in 29% or more of the scenarios. Documents did not significantly affect median time‐to‐decision (P = .402) but decisions for “No Document” and POLST/CPR were at least 10 s less than other scenarios. Scenarios involving POLST DNR/Limited Treatment had the highest median time of 43 s. Prior training in LWs and POLST exerted a 10% improvement in decision making (P = .537).ConclusionGCC was not always achieved with a LW or POLST. This conclusion supports prior research identifying problems with the interpretation and discordance with LW's and POLST.
Exploring Clinical Outcomes and Feasibility of Blended Tube Feeds in Children
Authors: Chandrasekar Neha , Dehlsen Kate , Leach Steven T. , Krishnan Usha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCommercially produced complete nutritional formulas (CFs) are commonly delivered to children requiring enteral nutrition via gastrostomy. However, a cultural shift toward consuming a more natural diet consisting of whole foods has caused the use of blenderized tube feeds (BTFs) to grow in popularity among parents and carers in recent years. There are advantages and disadvantages of both BTF and CF use. There is evidence that suggests that BTFs can significantly improve tube‐feeding tolerance and reduce gastrointestinal symptoms associated with tube feeding, such as gagging, retching, and constipation, thereby resulting in an improved quality of life (QoL) for enterally fed children and their caregivers. BTFs have also been implicated in increasing the diversity of the gut microbiota in enterally fed children. However, concerns have been raised that BTFs may be inferior to CFs in energy and nutrition sufficiency. Issues such as microbial contamination, tube blockages, and difficulties in preparation and administration may also complicate the use of BTFs. Additionally, like CFs, BTFs can vary significantly in nutrition composition, and dietitian involvement with BTF use is crucial. The current literature on the clinical outcomes of BTF use is limited, and further research is needed before recommendations can be made on BTF use in children. A literature review was conducted to compare clinical outcomes between BTFs and CFs and evaluate the feasibility of BTF use in children.
Concordance Between Obstetric Anatomic Ultrasound and Fetal Echocardiography in Detecting Congenital Heart Disease in High‐risk Pregnancies
Authors: Krishnan Rahul , Deal Laura , Chisholm Christian , Cortez Briana , Boyle Annelee 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the concordance between second‐trimester anatomic ultrasound and fetal echocardiography in detecting minor and critical congenital heart disease in pregnancies meeting American Heart Association criteria.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies in which a second‐trimester fetal anatomic ultrasound examination (18–26 weeks) and fetal echocardiography were performed between 2012 and 2018 at our institution based on American Heart Association recommendations. Anatomic ultrasound studies were interpreted by maternal‐fetal medicine specialists and fetal echocardiographic studies by pediatric cardiologists. Our primary outcome was the proportion of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) cases not detected by anatomic ultrasound but detected by fetal echocardiography. The secondary outcome was the proportion of total congenital heart disease cases missed by anatomic ultrasound but detected by fetal echocardiography. Neonatal medical records were reviewed for all pregnancies when obtained and available.ResultsOverall, 722 studies met inclusion criteria. Anatomic ultrasound and fetal echocardiography were in agreement in detecting cardiac abnormalities in 681(96.1%) studies (κ = 0.803; P < .001). The most common diagnosis not identified by anatomic ultrasound was a ventricular septal defect, accounting for 9 of 12 (75%) missed congenital heart defects. Of 664 studies with normal cardiac findings on the anatomic ultrasound examinations, no additional instances of CCHD were detected by fetal echocardiography. No unanticipated instances of CCHD were diagnosed postnatally.ConclusionsWith current American Heart Association screening guidelines, automatic fetal echocardiography in the setting of normal detailed anatomic ultrasound findings provided limited benefit in detecting congenital heart defects that would warrant immediate postnatal interventions. More selective use of automatic fetal echocardiography in at‐risk pregnancies should be explored.
Spartina alterniflorainvasion alters soil bulk density in coastal wetlands of China
Authors: Yang Ren‐Min , Chen Liu‐Mei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough empirical studies show that invasiveSpartina alternifloraLoisel. (S. alterniflora) has reduced soil bulk density (BD), the mechanisms that underpin this response are still unclear. To explore this pattern, we used a space‐for‐time substitution approach and collected soil samples from the eastern coast of China, whereS. alternifloraecosystems were established a short period of time after initial invasion. We used structural equation modelling to test the hypothesis thatS. alterniflorainvasion has an indirect influence on BD through the interacting effects of soil and plant variables, including plant productivity, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), pH, salinity, sand, and clay content. These variables, which are associated withS. alterniflorainvasion, were assumed to represent multiple physicochemical and biological processes. The model showed that these processes explain 82% of the BD variation in response toS. alterniflorainvasion. We observed that SOC had the most direct influence on BD, followed by salinity and soil sand content. We also found thatS. alterniflorainvasion had an important direct influence on the measured variables. Although plant productivity was not directly related to BD, it was indirectly associated with the impacts of plant productivity on salinity. Our results highlight the occurrence of BD variability within an interacting system of soil and plants whereinS. alterniflorainvasion leads to a decrease in BD. This work also highlights that identifying the mechanisms driving BD variability in response toS. alterniflorainvasion would help to improve our understanding of soil development inS. alternifloramarshes.
Functional trait‐based approaches as a common framework for aquatic ecologists
Authors: Martini Séverine , Larras Floriane , Boyé Aurélien , Faure Emile , Aberle Nicole , Archambault Philippe , Bacouillard Lise , Beisner Beatrix E , Bittner Lucie , Castella Emmanuel , Danger Michael , Gauthier Olivier , Karp‐Boss Lee , Lombard Fabien , Maps Frédéric , Stemmann Lars , Thiébaut Eric , Usseglio‐Polatera Philippe , Vogt Meike , Laviale Martin , Ayata Sakina‐Dorothée 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAquatic ecologists face challenges in identifying the general rules of the functioning of ecosystems. A common framework, including freshwater, marine, benthic, and pelagic ecologists, is needed to bridge communication gaps and foster knowledge sharing. This framework should transcend local specificities and taxonomy in order to provide a common ground and shareable tools to address common scientific challenges. Here, we advocate the use of functional trait‐based approaches (FTBAs) for aquatic ecologists and propose concrete paths to go forward. Firstly, we propose to unify existing definitions in FTBAs to adopt a common language. Secondly, we list the numerous databases referencing functional traits for aquatic organisms. Thirdly, we present a synthesis on traditional as well as recent promising methods for the study of aquatic functional traits, including imaging and genomics. Finally, we conclude with a highlight on scientific challenges and promising venues for which FTBAs should foster opportunities for future research. By offering practical tools, our framework provides a clear path forward to the adoption of trait‐based approaches in aquatic ecology.
Hydatidiform mole diagnostics using circulating gestational trophoblasts isolated from maternal blood
Authors: Sunde Lone , Singh Ripudaman , Ravn Katarina , Schelde Palle , Hansen Estrid Stæhr , Uldbjerg Niels , Niemann Isa , Hatt Lotte 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn gestational trophoblastic disease, the prognosis is related to the genetic constitution. In some cases, taking a biopsy is contraindicated.MethodsIn a pregnant woman, ultrasound scanning suggested hydatidiform mole. To explore if the genetic constitution can be established without taking a biopsy (or terminating the pregnancy), cell‐free DNA and circulating gestational trophoblasts were isolated from maternal blood before evacuation of the uterus. The evacuated tissue showed the morphology of a complete hydatidiform mole. Without prior whole‐genome amplification, short tandem repeat analysis of 24 DNA markers was performed on the samples, and on DNA isolated from evacuated tissue, and from the blood of the patient and her partner.ResultsIdentical genetic results were obtained in each of three circulating gestational trophoblasts and the evacuated tissue, showing that this conceptus had a diploid androgenetic nuclear genome. In contrast, analysis of cell‐free DNA was less informative and less specific due to the inherent presence of cell‐free DNA from the patient.ConclusionOur results show that it is possible to isolate and analyze circulating gestational trophoblasts originating in a pregnancy without maternal nuclear genome. For diagnosing gestational trophoblastic diseases, genotyping circulating gestational trophoblasts appears to be superior to analysis of cell‐free DNA.
Early truncation of the N‐terminal variable region of EYA4 gene causes dominant hearing loss without cardiac phenotype
Authors: Mi Yanfang , Liu Danhua , Zeng Beiping , Tian Yongan , Zhang Hui , Chen Bei , Zhang Juanli , Xue Hong , Tang Wenxue , Zhao Yulin , Xu Hongen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal dominant hearing loss (ADHL) accounts for about 20% of all hereditary non‐syndromic HL. Truncating mutations of the EYA4 gene can cause either non‐syndromic ADHL or syndromic ADHL with cardiac abnormalities. It has been proposed that truncations of the C‐terminal Eya domain lead to non‐syndromic HL, whereas early truncations of the N‐terminal variable region cause syndromic HL with cardiac phenotype.MethodsThe proband and all the other hearing impaired members of the family underwent a thorough clinical and audiological evaluation. The cardiac phenotype was examined by ECG and echocardiography. Their DNA was subjected to target exome sequencing of 129 known deafness genes. The sequencing data were analyzed and the candidate variants were interpreted following the ACMG guidelines for clinical sequence interpretation. The effect of candidate variant on EYA4 gene expression was assessed by quantitative PCR and western blot of gene production in blood.ResultsWe report a Chinese family cosegregating post‐lingual onset, progressive ADHL with a novel nonsense mutation NM_004100.4:c.543C>G (p.Tyr181Ter) of EYA4. Two affected members show no cardiac abnormalities at least until now revealed by electrocardiography and echocardiography. The overall expression level of the EYA4 gene in the proband was lower than that in his unaffected relative.ConclusionThis report expands the mutational spectrum of the EYA4 gene and highlights the fact that more data are needed to elucidate the complex genotype–phenotype correlation of EYA4 mutations.