bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar fungal endophyte community structure is independent of phylogenetic relatedness in an Asteraceae common garden
Authors: Whitaker Briana K. , Christian Natalie , Chai Qing , Clay Keith 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhylogenetic distance among host species represents a proxy for host traits that act as biotic filters to shape host‐associated microbiome community structure. However, teasing apart potential biotic assembly mechanisms, such as host specificity or local species interactions, from abiotic factors, such as environmental specificity or dispersal barriers, in hyperdiverse, horizontally transmitted microbiomes remains a challenge. In this study, we tested whether host phylogenetic relatedness among 18 native Asteraceae plant species and spatial distance between replicated plots in a common garden affects foliar fungal endophyte (FFE) community structure. We found that FFE community structure varied significantly among host species, as well as host tribes, but not among host subfamilies. However, FFE community dissimilarity between host individuals was not significantly correlated with phylogenetic distance between host species. There was a significant effect of spatial distance among host individuals on FFE community dissimilarity within the common garden. The significant differences in FFE community structure among host species, but lack of a significant host phylogenetic effect, suggest functional differences among host species not accounted for by host phylogenetic distance, such as metabolic traits or phenology, may drive FFE community dissimilarity. Overall, our results indicate that host species identity and the spatial distance between plants can determine the similarity of their microbiomes, even across a single experimental field, but that host phylogeny is not closely tied to FFE community divergence in native Asteraceae.
Investigating the beneficial effect of aliskiren in attenuating neuropathic pain in diabetic Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Alkhudhayri Shouq , Sajini Rania , Alharbi Bashayer , Qabbani Jumana , Al‐Hindi Yosra , Fairaq Arwa , Yousef Amal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesWorldwide, diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. The direct renin inhibitor aliskiren is recognized as a treatment for cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients, but little is known about its potential benefits in cases of diabetic neuropathy. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of aliskiren (ALIS) and gliclazide (GLZ) and their combination therapy on peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats.MethodsIn total, 112 adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were used for this study. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (STZ), whereas the control group was treated with an equal volume of citrate buffer. The diabetic rats were divided randomly into six groups according to the proposed treatment regime: diabetic control (DC), gliclazide (GLZ), aliskiren (ALIS), ramipril (RAM), (GLZ + ALIS) and (GLZ + RAM). Behavioural responses to thermal (hot‐plate) and mechanical (tail‐pinch) pain were evaluated. After eight weeks of daily treatments, the animals were fasted and sacrificed. The blood samples were collected, with the serum separated and subjected to various biochemical and enzyme analyses so as to assess the effect of the treatments on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.ResultsAfter 8 weeks, aliskiren alone and in combination with gliclazide therapy had a significant effect (P < .001) in reducing blood glucose levels and showed increased hot‐plate and tail‐flick latencies compared with the diabetic control group. The threshold of mechanical hyperalgesia was also significantly elevated (P < .001).Conclusions/InterpretationsThese data suggest that either aliskerin alone or in combination with gliclazide can protect against the development and progression of diabetic neuropathy.
Recent trends of biocompatible triboelectric nanogenerators toward self‐powered e‐skin
Authors: Ganesh R. Sankar , Yoon Hong‐Joon , Kim Sang‐Woo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe development of biocompatible electronic skin (e‐skin) is foremost to next generation bio‐electronics that enables diverse applications in wearable, medical, artificial intelligence, and human machine interface. As serving a multifunctional platform, numerous types of electronic components (eg, sensors, actuators, etc.) required in e‐skin, which requires users to power them in a regular manner. In this regard, researchers recently have reported compact, light, flexible, and stretchable energy harvesters are expected to revolutionize the market in wearable electronics, in particular for e‐skin. The self‐powered e‐skin can power by itself, without any external energy from other devices. In this review, the recent progress of triboelectric nanogenerators based on diverse materials such as hydrogel, healable, stretchable, biocompatible, and biodegradable for developing self‐powered e‐skin is discussed.image
Numerical analysis of a built‐in thermal storage system of metal hydride and nanoparticles enhanced phase change material and nanofluid
Authors: Elarem Raja , Alqahtani Talal , Mellouli Sofiene , Edacherian Abhilash , Askri Faouzi , Jemni Abdelmajid 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis study presents the numerical investigation of the performance improvement of Metal Hydride (MH) bed equipped with nano‐enhanced phase change material (NePCM) jacket for heat reaction recovery via U‐tube heat exchanger using Nanofluid. In this study, Mg2NiH6 is used as an MH bed, sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) as heat storage medium (PCM), and sodium‐potassium nitrate (60% NaNO₃‐40% KNO₃) as a heat transfer fluid (HTF). A computational model for this system is developed and validated. Furthermore, the hydriding of the MH bed, the melting of NePCM, and the overall heat transfer characteristics are simulated. With this model, the effect of a few types of nanoparticle additives on the hydriding process is investigated. The nanoparticles of iron oxide (Fe2O3) and copper oxide (CuO) are dispersed at various concentrations (to a range of 0‐1.5 wt.%) in the HTF. Further, CuO and graphene nanoparticles are added to the PCM to a range of 0 to 5 wt.%. The simulation shows that a reduction of hydriding process time by 33.5% is possible by using this MH‐Nanofluid‐NePCM system in comparison with a conventional MH bed system. The use of nanoparticles in the HTF, at an optimum flow rate, did not show a significant effect on the enhancement of the hydriding process. Also, the results show that CuO‐PCM composite has a greater impact in decreasing the time of complete hydriding relative to graphene‐PCM composite.
Scenarios as narratives
Authors: Beach Lee Roy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractScenarios can be viewed as narratives about alternative futures. As such, they are a formalization of something everybody does naturally as they think about the future—imagine what might happen instead of what they expect to happen, and figure out how to make the alternative happen instead, if it is better than what is expected, or how to make sure it does not happen (or what to do if it does happen), if it is worse than what is expected. On the assumption that understanding this natural form of thinking ahead may be useful to those involved in scenario planning, the structure and uses of narrative thought are discussed, particularly in regard to how they result in what are commonly referred to as cognitive biases and to problems of reaching consensus in groups.
Effects of simultaneous and sequential cofermentation of Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on physicochemical and flavor properties of rice wine
Authors: Chen Lihua , Li Dongna , Ren Lixia , Song Shiqing , Ma Xia , Rong Yuzhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicroorganism species and inoculation fermentation methods have great influence on physicochemical and flavor properties of rice wine. Thus, this work investigated microbial interactions and physicochemical and aroma changes of rice wine through different inoculation strategies of Wickerhamomyces anomalus (W. anomalus) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). The results underlined that inoculation strategies and non‐Saccharomyces yeasts all affected the volatile acidity, total acidity, and alcohol content of rice wine. The sequential cofermentation consumed relatively more sugar and resulted in the higher ethanol content, causing reduced thiols and increased alcohols, esters, phenylethyls, and terpenes, which was more conducive to improve rice wine flavor than simultaneous cofermentation. Moreover, simultaneous cofermentation increased fatty aroma of rice wine, while sequential cofermentation increased mellow and cereal‐like flavor. These results confirmed that sequential cofermentation of S. cerevisiae and W. anomalus was a choice for the future production of rice wine with good flavor and quality.
Predementia constructs: Mild cognitive impairment or mild neurocognitive disorder? A narrative review
Authors: Bermejo‐Pareja Félix , Contador Israel , del Ser Teodoro , Olazarán Javier , Llamas‐Velasco Sara , Vega Saturio , Benito‐León Julián 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPredementia is a heuristic umbrella concept to classify older adults with cognitive impairment who do not suffer dementia. Many diagnostic entities have been proposed to address this concept, but most of them have not had widespread acceptance.AimsTo review clinical definitions, epidemiologic data (prevalence, incidence) and rate of conversion to dementia of the main predementia constructs, with special interest in the two most frequently used: mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and minor neurocognitive disorder (miNCD).MethodsWe have selected in three databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science and Google scholar) the references from inception to 31 December 2019 of relevant reviews, population and community‐based surveys, and clinical series with >500 participants and >3 years follow‐up as the best source of evidence.Main resultsThe history of predementia constructs shows that MCI is the most referred entity. It is widely recognized as a clinical syndrome harbinger of dementia of several etiologies, mainly MCI due to Alzheimer's disease. The operational definition of MCI has shortcomings: vagueness of its requirement of “preserved independence in functional abilities” and others. The recent miNCD construct presents analogous difficulties. Current data indicate that it is a stricter predementia condition, with lower prevalence than MCI, less sensitivity to cognitive decline and, possibly, higher conversion rate to dementia.ConclusionsMCI is a widely employed research and clinical entity. Preliminary data indicate that the clinical use of miNCD instead of MCI requires more scientific evidence. Both approaches have common limitations that need to be addressed.
Tuning the Photophysical Properties of Spirolactam Rhodamine Photoswitches
Authors: Li Bo , Haris Uroob , Aljowni Maha , Nakatsuka Andrew , Patel Shreya K. , Lippert Alexander R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpirolactam rhodamines are fluorescent photoswitches that are useful for single molecule localization microscopy, volumetric 3D digital light photoactivatable dye displays, and other applications. Measurement of the photophysical properties, particularly photoswitching kinetics and quantum yields, is challenging and a comprehensive understanding of how molecular structure affects these parameters remains incomplete. In this study, we have synthesized a series of N‐aryl spirolactam rhodamine photoswitches with fluorescent emissions at 585 nm and 518 nm. Extinction coefficients and fluorescence quantum yields of the fluorescent form of the photoswitch have been measured using excess trifluoroacetic acid to drive the equilibrium to the open form. A method to determine photoswitching kinetics and quantum yields was developed by monitoring the kinetics to reach equilibrium between the on‐state and off‐state and fitting this data to a rate equation for a reaction in equilibrium. Trends based on the electronic and steric properties of the aryl substituents were evaluated. Using this information, a proof‐of‐principle demonstration of 3D voxel formation was accomplished using a green (518 nm) emitting photoswitch, setting the foundation for a multi‐colour volumetric 3D display.
3D‐printed cryomilled poly(ε‐caprolactone)/graphene composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Dias Daniela , Vale Ana C. , Cunha Eunice P. F. , C. Paiva Maria , Reis Rui L. , Vaquette Cedryck , Alves Natália M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, composite scaffolds based on poly(caprolactone) (PCL) and non‐covalently functionalized few‐layer graphene (FLG) were manufactured by an extrusion‐based system for the first time. For that, functionalized FLG powder was obtained through the evaporation of a functionalized FLG aqueous suspension prepared from a graphite precursor. Cryomilling was shown to be an efficient mixing method, producing a homogeneous dispersion of FLG particles onto the PCL polymeric matrix. Thereafter, fused deposition modeling (FDM) was used to print 3D scaffolds and their morphology, thermal, biodegradability, mechanical, and cytotoxicity properties were analysed. The presence of functionalized FLG demonstrated to induce slight changes in the microstructure of the scaffold, did not affect the thermal stability and enhanced significantly the compressive modulus. The composite scaffolds presented a porosity of around 40% and a mean pore size in the range of 300 μm. The cell viability and proliferation of SaOs‐2 cells were assessed and the results showed good cell viability and long‐term proliferation onto produced composite scaffolds. Therefore, these new FLG/PCL scaffolds comprised adequate morphological, thermal, mechanical, and biological properties to be used in bone tissue regeneration.
Bioinspired antibacterial surface for orthopedic and dental implants
Authors: Elliott Drew T. , Wiggins Russell J. , Dua Rupak 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBacterial infections still present a significant concern in orthopedic and dental implant failure. Previous investigations have focused on modifying the surface texture, roughness, or coating implants with antibiotics to provide enhanced anti‐bacterial properties. However, they have demonstrated limited success. In this study, we attempted to engineer the titanium (Ti) alloy surface biomimetically at the nano level using alkaline hydrothermal treatment (AHT) inspired by cicada's wing structure. Two modified surfaces of Ti plates were developed using 4 and 8‐hr AHT at 230°C. We found that the control plates showed a relatively smooth surface, with little artifacts on the surface. In contrast, 4‐hr AHT and 8‐hr AHT plates showed nano‐spikes of heights around 250–350 and 100–1,250 nm, respectively, that were distributed randomly all over the surface. We found a statistically significant (p < 0.05) number of non‐viable cells for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacterial strains when incubated for 1 hr in a dynamic environment when compared with the control group. The 8‐hr AHT groups killed 38.97% more S. aureus in static culture and 11.27% in a dynamic environment than the 4‐hr AHT. Overall, the findings indicate that the nanostructures generated on titanium by the AHT showed significant bactericidal properties. We, therefore, recommend conducting alkaline hydrothermal treatment on the surfaces for future orthopedic and dental metallic implants.
The emerging role of miR‐128 in musculoskeletal diseases
Authors: Shang Qi , Shen Gengyang , Chen Guifeng , Zhang Zhida , Yu Xiang , Zhao Wenhua , Zhang Peng , Chen Honglin , Tang Kai , Yu Fuyong , Tang Jingjing , Liang De , Jiang Xiaobing , Ren Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicroRNA‐128 (miR‐128) is associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and survival. Genetic analysis studies have demonstrated that miR‐128 participates in bone metabolism, which involves bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and adipocytes. miR‐128 also participates in regeneration of skeletal muscles by targeting myoblast‐associated proteins. The deregulation of miR‐128 could lead to a series of musculoskeletal diseases. In this review, we discuss recent findings of miR‐128 in relation to bone metabolism and muscle regeneration to determine its potential therapeutic effects in musculoskeletal diseases, and to propose directions for future research in this significant field.
Identification of key signaling pathways induced by SARS-CoV2 that underlie thrombosis and vascular injury in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Maxwell Anthony J , Ding Jiahui , You Yuan , Dong Zhong , Chehade Hussein , Alvero Ayesha , Mor Yechiel , Draghici Sorin , Mor Gil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to hundreds of thousands of deaths and billions of dollars in economic damage. The immune response elicited from this virus is poorly understood. An alarming number of cases have arisen where COVID-19 patients develop complications on top of the symptoms already associated with SARS, such as thrombosis, injuries of vascular system, kidney, and liver, as well as Kawasaki disease. In this review, a bioinformatics approach was used to elucidate the immune response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary human lung epithelial and transformed human lung alveolar. Additionally, examined the potential mechanism behind several complications that have been associated with COVID-19 and determined that a specific cytokine storm is leading to excessive neutrophil recruitment. These neutrophils are directly leading to thrombosis, organ damage, and complement activation via neutrophil extracellular trap release.
Tibial cartilage, subchondral bone plate and trabecular bone microarchitecture in varus‐ and valgus‐osteoarthritis versus controls
Authors: Rapagna Sophie , Roberts Bryant C. , Solomon Lucian B. , Reynolds Karen J. , Thewlis Dominic , Perilli Egon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis preliminary study quantified tibia cartilage thickness (Cart.Th), subchondral bone plate thickness (SBPl.Th) and subchondral trabecular bone (STB) microarchitecture in subjects with varus‐ or valgus‐ malaligned knees diagnosed with end‐stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) and compared them to controls (non‐OA). Tibial plateaus from 25 subjects with knee‐OA (undergoing knee arthroplasty) and 15 cadavers (controls) were micro‐CT scanned (17 µm/voxel). Joint alignment was classified radiographically for OA subjects (varus‐aligned n = 18, valgus‐aligned n = 7). Cart.Th, SBPl.Th, STB bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and their medial‐to‐lateral ratios were analyzed in anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial and posterolateral subregions. Varus‐OA and valgus‐OA were compared to controls. Compared to controls (1.19–1.54 mm), Cart.Th in varus‐OA was significantly lower anteromedially (0.58 mm, −59%) and higher laterally (2.19–2.47 mm, +60–63%); in valgus‐OA, Cart.Th was significantly higher posteromedially (1.86 mm, +56%). Control medial‐to‐lateral Cart.Th ratios were around unity (0.8–1.1), in varus‐OA significantly below (0.2–0.6) and in valgus‐OA slightly above (1.0–1.3) controls. SBPl.Th and BV/TV were significantly higher medially in varus‐OA (0.58‐0.72 mm and 37–44%, respectively) and laterally in valgus‐OA (0.60–0.61 mm and 32–37%), compared to controls (0.26–0.47 mm and 18–37%). In varus‐OA, the medial‐to‐lateral SBPl.Th and BV/TV ratios were above unity (1.4–2.4) and controls (0.8–2.1); in valgus‐OA they were closer to unity (0.8‐1.1) and below controls. Varus‐ and valgus‐OA tibia differ significantly from controls in Cart.Th, SBPl.Th and STB microarchitecture depending on joint alignment, suggesting structural changes in OA may reflect differences in medial‐to‐lateral load distribution upon the tibial plateau. Here we identified an inverse relationship between cartilage thickness and underlying subchondral bone, suggesting a whole‐joint response in OA to daily stimuli.
Influence of metamictization on the gemological properties of natural zircon: A Raman spectroscopic study of zircons in the gemological collection of Abraham Gottlob Werner
Authors: Gao Shijia , Heide Gerhard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is a convenient, efficient, and non‐destructive technique that could estimate the metamictization degree of zircon, particularly for gem‐class or historical samples. The full width at half maximum value of the ν3(SiO4) band around 1000 cm−1 can classify the structural state of zircon as crystallized (the full width at half maximum value is less than 5 cm−1), intermediate (the full width at half maximum value ranges from 5 to 15 cm−1), and metamict (the full width at half maximum value is more than 15 cm−1). This study focuses on the zircon samples from Sri Lanka in the gemological collection of Abraham Gottlob Werner. These samples show red to green, according to the Munsell color system and the CIEL*C*h* color system, and their density is from 4.07 to 4.87 g/cm3. Comparing the color and metamictization degree data of zircon samples, crystallized zircon displays a more red tone with yellow. The green tone in zircon occurs with metamictization. The density of zircon could be an indicator of the metamictization degree as crystallized zircon is 4.57 to 4.70 g/cm3 in a 95% confidence interval, which matches the theoretical density (4.61–4.76 g/cm3) better, whereas metamict zircons present a density of 4.37–4.59 g/cm3, and the density of zircon decreases with metamictization. The metamictization has a significant influence on the gemological properties of zircon, whereas the typical color tone and low density can be a sign of the metamictization.
Solving complex optimal control problems with nonlinear controls using trigonometric functions
Authors: Mall Kshitij , Grant Michael J. , Taheri Ehsan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the use of trigonometric functions to resolve two major issues encountered when solving practical optimal control problems (OCPs) that are characterized by nonlinear controls. First, OCPs with constraints on nonlinear controls require the solution to a multipoint boundary value problem, which poses additional computational difficulties. Second, in certain unconstrained OCPs with nonlinear controls, the extremum found from the necessary conditions can be opposite than expected (e.g., a maximum instead of a minimum) due to the absence of control options. The aforementioned issues and their effective resolution by using trigonometric functions are explained through two examples including a second‐order system problem and an aerocapture problem of a slender entry vehicle in the Martian atmosphere.