bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Quality of Newborn Care at District Facilities in Malawi
Authors: Kawaza Kondwani , Kinshella Mai-Lei Woo , Hiwa Tamanda , Njirammadzi Jenala , Banda Mwai , Vidler Marianne , Newberry Laura , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda , Dube Queen , Molyneux Elizabeth , Goldfarb David M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Malawi is celebrated as one of the few countries in sub-Saharan Africa to meet the Millennium Development Goal of reducing under-5 mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. However, within this age range neonatal mortality rates are the slowest to decline, even though rates of facility births are increasing. Examining the quality of neonatal care at district-level facilities where most deliveries occur is warranted.
Objective: The objective of this paper is to evaluate the quality of neonatal care in three district hospitals and one primary health centre in southern Malawi as well as to report the limitations and lessons learned on using the WHO integrated quality of care assessment tool.
Methodology: These facility assessments were part of the “Integrating a neonatal healthcare package for Malawi” project, a part of the Innovating for Maternal and Child Health in Africa (IMCHA) initiative. The WHO integrated quality of care assessment tool was used to assess quality of care and availability and quantity of supplies and resources. The modules on infrastructure, neonatal care and labour and delivery were included. Facility assessments were administered in November 2017 and aspects of care were scored on a Likert scale from one to five (a score of 5 indicating compliance with WHO standards of care; one as lowest indicating inadequate care).
Results: The continuum of labour, delivery and neonatal care were assessed to identify areas that required improvements to meet standards of care. Critical areas for improvements included infection control (mean score 2.9), equipment, supplies and setup for newborn care in the labor ward (2.3), in the surgical theater (3.3), and nursery (3.4 nursery facilities, 3.0 supplies and equipment), as well as for management of sick newborns (3.2), monitoring and follow-up (3.6). Only one of the 12 domains, laboratory, met the standards of care with only minor improvements needed (4.0).
Conclusion: The WHO integrated quality of care assessment tool is a validated tool that can shed light on the complex quality of care challenges faced by district-level health facilities. The results reveal that the quality of care needs improvement, particularly for sick and vulnerable newborns.
Molecular surveillance of the Pfmdr1 N86Y allele among Congolese pregnant women with asymptomatic malaria
Authors: Dossou-Yovo Louis Regis , Ntoumi Francine , Koukouikila-Koussounda Felix , Vouvoungui Jeannhey Christevy , Adedoja Ayodele , Nderu David , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P , Lenga Arsene 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Malaria in pregnancy is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality Regular surveillance of artemisinin−based combination therapy tolerance or resistance molecular makers is vital for effective malaria treatment, control and eradication programmes. P. falciparum multiple drug resistance-1 gene ( Pfmdr1 ) N86Y mutation is associated with reduced susceptibility to lumefantrine . This study assessed the prevalence of Pfmdr1 N86Y in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
Methods: A total 1001 of P. falciparum− infected blood samples obtained from asymptomatic malaria pregnant women having a normal child delivery at the Madibou Integrated Health Center were analysed. Pfmdr1 N86Y genotyping was conducted using PCR-Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
Results: The wild type Pfmdr1 N86 allele was predominant (>68 %) in this study whereas a few isolates carrying the either the mutant allele ( Pfmdr1 86Y) alone or both alleles (mixed genotype). The dominance of the wildtype allele ( pfmdr1 N86) indicates the plausible decline P. falciparum susceptibility to lumefantrine.
Conclusion: This study gives an update on the prevalence of Pfmdr1 N86Y alleles in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. It also raises concern on the imminent emergence of resistance against artemether−lumefantrine in this setting. Our study underscores the importance to regular artemether−lumefantrine efficacy monitoring to inform malaria control programme of the Republic of Congo.
The epidemiology of heart failure in the general Australian community - Study of Heart failure in the Australian Primary carE setting (SHAPE): methods
Authors: Parsons Richard Whaddon , Liew Danny , Neville A Munro , Audehm Ralph G , Haikerwal Deepak , Piazza Peter , Lim Kevin , Sindone Andrew P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
There is a paucity of information on the epidemiology of heart failure (HF) in Australia. The Study of Heart failure in the Australian Primary carE setting (SHAPE) study aims to estimate the prevalence and annual incidence of HF in the general Australian community and to describe the demographic and key clinical profile of Australians with HF.
Methods : We undertook a retrospective cohort study based on analysis of non-identifiable medical records of adult patients cared for at 43 general practices between 1 July 2013 and 30 June 2018. Data were extracted from coded (diagnosis, pathology and prescription fields) and uncoded fields (clinical notes) in the medical records. The latter searches of free text looked for common synonyms relevant to HF. The population was stratified into three groups based on a hierarchy of selection criteria: (1) definite HF, (2) probable HF and (3) possible HF. The prevalence and annual incidence of HF were calculated, along with 95% confidence intervals.
Results: The practices provided care to 2.3 million individual patients over the five-year study period, of whom 1.93 million were aged 18 years and above. Of these patients 16,930 were classified as having ‘definite HF’, 4873 as having ‘probable HF’ and 36,517 as having ‘possible HF’. A further 40,992 were identified as having an aetiological condition associated with HF.
A formal HF diagnosis, HF terms recorded as text in the notes and HF-specific medication were the most common methods to identify ‘definite’ HF patients. Typical signs and symptoms in combination with a diuretic prescription was the most common method to identify ‘probable HF’ patients. The majority of ‘possible’ HF patients were identified by the presence of 2 or more of the typical signs or symptoms. Dyspnoea was the commonest recorded symptom and an elevated jugular venous pressure the commonest recorded sign.
Conclusions: This novel approach to undertaking retrospective research of primary care data successfully analysed a combination of coded and uncoded data from the electronic medical records of patients routinely managed in the GP setting. SHAPE is the first real-world study of the epidemiology of HF in the general Australian community setting.
Development of a novel method for the quantification of tyrosine 39 phosphorylated alpha-synuclein in human cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Na Chan Hyun , Sathe Gajanan , Rosenthal Liana S. , Moghekar Abhay R. , Dawson Valina L. , Dawson Ted M. , Pandey Akhilesh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Biomarkers that can help monitor the progression of PD or response to disease-modifying agents will be invaluable in making appropriate therapeutic decisions. Further, biomarkers that could be used to distinguish PD from other related disorders with PD-like symptoms will be useful for accurate diagnosis and treatment. C-Abl tyrosine kinase is activated in PD resulting in increased phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue at position 39 of a-synuclein (a-syn) (pY39 a-syn), which contributes to the death of dopaminergic neurons. Because pY39a-syn may be pathogenic, monitoring pY39 a-syn could allow us to diagnose presymptomatic PD and help monitor disease progression and response to treatment. We sought to investigate if increased phosphorylation of pY39 a-syn can be detected in the CSF of PD patients by targeted mass spectrometry.
Methods: Here, we report a two-step enrichment method in which phosphotyrosine peptides including pY39 a-syn containing peptide were first enriched with an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody followed by a second round of enrichment by titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) beads. Accurate quantification was achieved by the addition of a synthetic heavy version of pY39 a-syn peptide added before enzymatic digestion.
Results: Using the developed enrichment methods and optimized parallel reaction monitoring assays, we detected pY39 a-syn peptide in human CSF and demonstrate that the ratio of pY39 a-syn to total a-syn was significantly increased in the CSF of patients with PD.
Conclusions: We anticipate that this optimized two-step enrichment-based PRM detection method will help monitor c-Abl activation in PD patients and can also be used to quantify other phosphotyrosine peptides of low abundance in biological samples.
Fenobody and RANbody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect Newcastle disease virus
Authors: Ji Pinpin , Zhu Jiahong , Li Xiaoxuan , Fan Wenqi , Liu Qianqian , Wang Kun , Zhao Jiakai , Sun Yani , Liu Baoyuan , Zhou En-Min , Zhao Qin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Traditional sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies as reagents presents several drawbacks, including limited amounts, difficulty in permanent storage, and required use of a secondary antibody. Nanobodies can be easily expressed with different systems and fused with several tags in their tertiary structure by recombinant technology, thus offering an effective detection method for diagnostic purposes. Recently, the fenobody (ferritin-fused nanobody) and RANbody (nanobody-fused reporter) have been designed and derived from the nanobody for developing the diagnostic immunoassays. However, there was no report about developing the sandwich ELISA using the fenobody and RANbody as pairing reagents. Results A platform for developing a sandwich ELISA utilizing fenobody as the capture antibody and RANbody as the detection antibody was firstly designed in the study. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was selected as the antigen, from which 13 NDV-specific nanobodies were screened from an immunized Bactrian camel. Then, 5 nanobodies were selected to produce fenobodies and RANbodies. The best pairing of fenobodies (NDV-fenobody-4, 800 ng/well) and RANbodies (NDV-RANbody-49, 1:10) was determined to develop the sandwich ELISA for detecting NDV. The detection limits of the assay were determined to be 2 2 of hemagglutination (HA) titers and 10 ng of purified NDV particles. Compared with two commercial assays, the developed assay shows higher sensitivity and specificity. Meanwhile, it exhibits 98.7% agreement with the HA test and can detect the reference NDV strains belonging to Class II but not Class I. Conclusions In the presented study, the 13 anti-NDV nanobodies binding the NDV particles were first produced. Then, for the first time, the sandwich ELISA to detect the NDV in the different samples has been developed using the fenobody and RANbody as reagents derived from the nanobodies. Considering the rapidly increasing generation of nanobodies, the platform can reduce the cost of production for the sandwich ELISA and be universally used to develop assays for detecting other antigens.
Effects of football versus aerobic exercise training on muscle architecture and patella tendon properties in healthy seniors: A study protocol of a two-armed randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Alkhateeb Guevar , Donath Lars 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Sports and exercise training can attenuate age-related declines in physical function. Aging is associated with a progressive deterioration of overall muscle structure and function, such as muscle diameter, strength, mass, and power. Loss of lower limb strength can lead to both an increased risk of falls and – as a consequence - an immobile lifestyle. Several forms of exercise (strength, agility, endurance, balance and flexibility) are recommended. In this regard, football has been repeatedly shown to be an integrative approach to promote measures of strength, endurance and agility. However, no previous randomized controlled trial comparatively investigated the effects of football training versus traditional aerobic exercise training on muscle architecture and patella tendon properties in healthy community dwellers. The study protocol is designed to investigate whether football differentially affects muscle thickness, muscle length, fascicle length, pennation angle, patellar tendon length, and thickness compared to a workload matched traditional aerobic exercise training regimen.Methods: The study sample consists of 60 untrained but healthy men (50-60 years old), who will be randomly assigned (Strata: age, activate) to two groups: Football Group (n = 30), Aerobic Group (n = 30). The intervention will take place within 12 consecutive weeks, two times a week for 60 min each session. The football group will perform recreation football training as a large sided game, whereas the aerobic group undergoes a running exercise. Both groups have the same external workload ranging between moderate to high exercise intensity. The outcome measure will be collected before and after the intervention period.Discussion: Findings of this study will provide insight into the effects of 24 sessions of both football and aerobic training program on the selected groups of seniors, including detecting their effects on the thigh muscle architecture and patellar tendon.Trial registration: DRKS - German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00020536. Registered 30 January 2020, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00020536.
Comparative effectiveness of post-discharge strategies for hospitalized smokers: Study protocol for the Helping Hand 4 randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rigotti Nancy A , Schnitzer Kristina , Davis Esa M , Regan Susan , Chang Yuchiao , Kelly Jennifer H.K. , Notier Anna E , Gillam Karen , Douaihy Antoine , Levy Douglas E , Singer Daniel E , Tindle Hilary A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background. Tobacco smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S. A hospital admission provides smokers with a unique opportunity to stop smoking because it requires temporary tobacco abstinence while illness may enhance motivation to quit. Hospital interventions must continue post-discharge to increase tobacco abstinence long-term, but how best to accomplish this remains unclear. Building on two previous randomized controlled trials, each of which tested smoking cessation interventions that began in hospital and continued after discharge, this trial compares two interventions that provide sustained smoking cessation treatment after hospital discharge with the goal of improving long-term smoking cessation rates among hospitalized smokers.Methods. Helping Hand 4 is a three-site randomized controlled trial that compares the effectiveness of two active interventions for producing validated past 7-day tobacco abstinence 6 months after hospital discharge. Smokers who are admitted to three hospitals receive a standard in-hospital smoking intervention, and plan to quit smoking after discharge are recruited and randomly assigned to two interventions that begin at discharge, Personalized Tobacco Care Management (PTCM) or Quitline eReferral. Each lasts 3 months. At discharge, PTCM provides 8 weeks of free nicotine replacement (NRT; a participant’s choice of patch, gum, lozenge, or a combination) and then proactive smoking cessation support using an automated communication platform and live contact with a tobacco treatment specialist who is based in the health care system. In the eReferral condition, a direct referral is made from the hospital electronic health record to a community-based resource, the state’s telephone quitline. The quitline provides up to 8 weeks of free NRT and offers behavioral support via a series of phone calls from a trained coach. Outcomes are assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. The study hypothesis is that PTCM will produce higher quit rates than eReferral.Discussion. HH4 is a pragmatic trial that aims to evaluate interventions in real-world conditions. This project will give hospital systems critical evidence-based tools for meeting National Hospital Quality Measures for tobacco treatment and maximizing their ability to improve cessation rates and overall health for the millions of smokers hospitalized annually in the U.S.Registration: Prospectively registered prior to start of enrollment at Clinicaltrials.gov # NCT03603496 (July 27, 2018)https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S00084MJ&selectaction=Edit&uid=U00002G7&ts=2&cx=ff0oxn
Child acceptability of a novel provitamin A carotenoid, iron and zinc-rich complementary food blend prepared from pumpkin and common bean in Uganda: A randomised control trial
Authors: Buzigi Edward , Pillay Kirthee , Siwela Muthulisi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Homemade complementary foods (CFs) fed to children in Uganda are usually devoid of vitamin A, iron and zinc. Novel homemade CFs rich in vitamin A, iron and zinc need to be developed, and assessed for their acceptability among target children. Objective Homemade provitamin A carotenoid (PVAC), iron and zinc-rich complementary food (CF), common bean pumpkin blend (BPB) formulated from pumpkin ( Sweet cream ) and common bean ( Obwelu ) and PVAC-rich pumpkin blend (PB) from Sweet cream were prepared by expert peer mothers. This study compared child acceptability of BPB and PB (control). Methods The cross-over acceptability study randomly assigned Ugandan children 6 to 24 months old to either receive 100g of BPB (n=35) or 100g of PB (n=35) on day one. After a washout period of one day, children crossed over to receive either BPB (n=35) or PB (n=35). The amount of CF consumed, duration of consumption, and micronutrient intake were assessed. CF was acceptable if children consumed ≥ 50g (50%) of served food (100g). A paired t-test was used to determine the mean differences within participants between BPB and PB. Results The mean consumption of BPB and PB was 53.9g and 54.4g, respectively. The mean duration for consumption of BPB and PB was 20.6 and 20.3 minutes, respectively. There was no significant difference in amounts consumed, and duration of consumption in BPB and PB (P>0.05). The mean intake of vitamin A was significantly higher (P<0.00001) in PB (152.5 µgRAE) compared to BPB (100.9 µgRAE). The mean iron intake was significantly higher in BPB (1.1mg) (P<0.00001) compared to BP (0.3mg). Furthermore, zinc intake was significantly higher (P<0.00001) in BPB (0.58mg) compared to BP (0.13mg). Conclusion A homemade CF, BPB, made from locally available common bean and pumpkin is rich in PVAC, iron and zinc and is acceptable to children in the age range of complementary feeding in Uganda.
Risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants under 32 weeks of gestation: A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Yue Li , Cui Shu Dong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants is one of the most serious complications in neonatology, as it significantly affects the quality of life of preterm children. We retrospectively analyze the incidence and risk factors of BPD in premature infants under 32 weeks of gestation age.Methods: Clinical data of premature infants with gestational age ≤32 weeks admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2015 to 2017 were selected for this retrospective case-control study. The patients were classified into the BPD and control groups based on the clinical diagnosis. We compared the general condition, treatments, complications, and clinical outcome of premature infants in both groups. Student’s t-test, non-parametric test, and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the occurrence of BPD and its potential risk factors.Results: A total of 213 premature infants aged ≤32 gestational weeks were included in the study; of these, 81 (38%) were diagnosed with BPD. The gestational age (29.14±1.88 weeks vs. 30.82±0.98 weeks, P<0.001) and weight (1240±314.87 g vs. 1584.77±318.18 g, P<0.001) in the BPD group were lower than those in the control group. The liquid quantity, urine volume, and calorie intake of preterm infants in the BPD group within one week after birth were significantly lower than those of infants in the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that invasive mechanical ventilation (OR=5.065, 95% CI: 1.680–15.266); use of erythrocyte suspension (OR=10.146, 95% CI: 1.860–55.336); and PCO2 in early postnatal arterial blood gas (OR=1.122, 95% CI: 1.024–1.229) were risk factors for BPD. On the other hand, gestational age (OR=0.657, 95% CI: 0.460–0.937); calorie intake (OR=0.917, 95% CI: 0.874–0.963); PO2 (OR=0.925, 95% CI: 0.870–0.985); and pH in early postnatal arterial blood gas (OR<0.001, 95% CI: 0.000–0.156) were protective factors for BPD.Conclusion: The incidence of BPD in very low and extremely low birth weight infants is high. Maintaining early internal environment stability, increasing early calorie intake, shortening invasive mechanical ventilation time, reducing blood transfusion, and closing patent ductus arteriosus could likely reduce the incidence of BPD.
Newborn hearing screening coverage and detection rates of hearing impairment across China from 2008-2016
Authors: Yuan Xuelian , Deng Kui , Zhu Jun , Xiang Liangcheng , Yao Yongna , Li Qi , Li Xiaohong , Liu Hanmin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Newborn hearing screening (NHS) can reduce the economic and social burden of hearing impairment. The present study examined NHS coverage and detection of hearing impairment across China for 2008-2010 and 2016. Methods: Medical institutions across China were surveyed in 2012 and 2018 by the National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring of China to collect data for the period 2008-2010 and for 2016 on live births, initial screening rates (total and failed), secondary screening rates (total and failed), and rates of hearing impairment diagnosis among infants who failed secondary screening. To calculate NHS coverage, the number of newborns who received NHS within four weeks after birth was divided by the number of live births. The detection rate of hearing impairment was calculated by combining failure rates on primary and secondary screening with the rate of diagnosis. Results: National NHS coverage increased from 29.9 in 2008 to 86.5 in 2016, with different regions showing different increases. During this period, the number of provinces with NHS coverage over 90.0% increased from 2 to 17, with NHS coverage in 2016 substantially higher in eastern provinces (93.1%) than in western ones (79.4%). In 2016, the detection rate of hearing impairment across the country was 0.23% (95%CI 0.15-0.25%), and it varied from 0.17% in western provinces to 0.22% in central ones and 0.28% in eastern ones. The lowest rate was 0.02% in Heilongjiang and the highest rate was 0.63% in Hainan. Conclusions: National NHS coverage has increased substantially from 2008 to 2016, but provinces and regions still show differences. The detection rate of infant hearing impairment in China is comparable to that in other countries. A national individual-level information system is urgently needed in China to facilitate integration of screening, diagnosis and treatment of infant hearing impairment, which may also lead to a more accurate estimate of the detection rate.