bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling Buoy Motion at Sea
Authors: Rykkje Thorstein R. , Tørressen Tord , Løkkebø Håvard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This project creates a model to assess the motion induced on a buoy at sea, under wave conditions. We use the Moving Frame Method (MFM) to conduct the analysis. The MFM draws upon concepts and mathematics from Lie group theory — SO(3) and SE(3) — and Cartan’s notion of Moving Frames. This, together with a compact notation from geometrical physics, makes it possible to extract the equations of motion, expeditiously. This work accounts for the masses and geometry of all components and for buoyancy forces and added mass. The resulting movement will be displayed on 3D web pages using WebGL. Finally, the theoretical results will be compared with experimental data obtained from a previous project done in the wave tank at HVL.
Physical Data Auditing for Attack Detection in Cyber-Manufacturing Systems: Blockchain for Machine Learning Process
Authors: Song Jinwoo , Shukla Diksha , Wu Mingtao , Phoha Vir V. , Moon Young B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Auditing physical data using machine learning can enhance the security in Cyber-Manufacturing System (CMS). However, the physical data processing itself is prone to cyber-attacks. Connections based on the internet in CMS opens the route for adversaries to compromise the attack detection system itself.
To prevent data from malicious data injection in CMS, this paper proposes an enhanced Simple Convolutional Neural Network (SCNN) based attack detection system employing a blockchain. There are three contributions of this paper: (i) introducing a secure attack detection system using blockchain, (ii) optimizing the cost and time for CMS by training on the simulated images, and (iii) presenting a real-time attack detection system for CMS by simplifying the convolutional neural network.
The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the blockchain implementation by presenting the comparative performance analysis of the proposed attack detection system with and without blockchain implementation using an example of a simulated attack on the machine learning process.
High-Temperature Oxidation Modeling of New Perspective Accident Tolerant Fuel Claddings
Authors: Vasiliev Alexander 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Currently, the comprehension among the specialists and functionaries is getting stronger that the nuclear industry can encounter serious difficulties in development in the case of insufficiently decisive measures to enhance the safety level of nuclear objects. The keen competition with renewable energy sources like wind, solar or geothermal energy takes place presently and is expected to continue in future decades. One of main measures of nuclear safety enhancement could be the drastic renovation of materials used in nuclear industry.
The analytical models of high-temperature oxidation of new perspective materials including chromium-nickel-based alloys, zirconium-based cladding with protective chromium coating, FeCrAl alloys and composite claddings on the basis of SiC/SiC in the course of design-basis and beyond-design-basis accidents at nuclear power plants (NPPs) are developed and implemented to severe accident computer running code. The comparison with available experimental data is conducted.
The preliminary calculations of nuclear pressurized water reactor loss-of-coolant accidents with new types of claddings demonstrate encouraging results for hydrogen generation rate and integral hydrogen production. It looks optimistic for considerable upgrade of safety level for future generation NPPs using new fuel and cladding materials.
CFD Analysis of Reversed Installation on Flow Measurements by a Plate Orifice
Authors: Zheng Dezhi , Ma Haibo , Silaen Armin K. , Zhou Chenn Q. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The accidental reversal installation of an orifice plate could occur during maintenance operations and a long time may have elapsed before being noticed. The reversal installation can result in a significant mismeasurement of flow in a pipe. In the paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to simulate the pressure and velocity distribution in a pipe with the correct and the reversed installation of an orifice plate. The results shown that there is a significant difference between the correct and reversed installation in terms of pressure. Using the CFD pressure drop results for flows in both installations, an estimate correlation between those installations was found. This result provides the method to solve the issue about the accidental reversal of an orifice plate using a correction factor.
Buckling of Tube for Tube Hydroforging
Authors: Nikhare Chetan P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Tube forming is one of the most common manufacturing processes to shape the tubes. Within tube forming operations the general practice is to expand and reduce the tube end cross-section and bend the tube by means of a solid mandrel. Mostly the mandrel is rigid bodies. To reduce the friction between the tube and the tool, tube hydroforming process was evolved in which the fluid was highly pressurized to expand the tube shape to the desired shape. By reducing the friction more uniform thickness could be achieved and thus increase in formability. In this paper, the tube was formed in two steps with low fluid pressure and axial force. The tube will be allowed to a useful maximum buckle by applying the axial force and/or a ramp internal pressure which then hydroforged with constant pressure for the maximum expansion ratio. The buckling mechanics of tube with respect to the fluid pressure and the axial force was studied. Further, the pressure requirement for hydroforging was investigated with respect to the length of the tube. The strain pattern and thickness distribution were studied in the buckling/bulging and hydroforging step.
Analysis of Planar-Cavity Receiver Reactor for Solar Thermochemical Dry-Reforming
Authors: Gifford Jeffrey , Davenport Patrick , Ma Zhiwen , Martinek Janna , Turchi Craig , Weissman Jeffrey G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Concentrating solar thermal (CST) systems can be leveraged to provide not only heat for power generation, but also for energy storage and thermochemical fuel production. Such solar thermochemical processes have been studied conceptually, from solar thermochemical hydrogen production (STCH) and thermochemical energy storage (TCES), to gasification, reforming, and fuel upgrading by various means. The solar receiver and reactor are critical components in the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in the form of “solar fuels’. For effective conversion of solar energy within a coupled solar receiver-reactor, extremely high temperatures are required, thereby demanding a high solar concentration ratio (CR) for efficient operation. This creates a design challenge for the receiver-reactor, as many thermochemical processes involve gas or gas-solid systems that are limited by low heat transfer coefficients. A unique receiver design is proposed that has the potential to incorporate various high-temperature thermochemical processes such as TCES-assisted power generation, methane reforming, or STCH processes. Modeling this receiver and its potential applications requires a full three-dimensional model that accurately captures the interconnected effects of receiver geometry, spatial solar irradiance, complex radiation, reaction kinetics, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer. In this paper we analyze a CST system integrated with this unique planar-cavity receiver-reactor design using the developed model. The model presented in this paper showed where improved thermal management was needed to achieve suitable receiver performance when a dry-methane reforming process is implemented.
Conventional and Advanced Exergoeconomic Analysis in a Nitric Acid Production Plant
Authors: Fajardo J. , Buelvas A. , Valle H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An advanced exergoeconomic analysis (AEA) allows determining the part of Exergy Destruction and total investment costs that can be avoided. The results of the advanced analysis show the economic costs to be reduced and improvements that can be achieved for the system in terms of the overall efficiency. A Nitric Acid Production Plant of 350 tons/day was taken as case of study to implement a conventional and advanced exergoeconomic analysis. In this work, the investment costs and exergy destruction of the components of the system were divided into 2 groups such as endogenous/exogenous and avoidable/unavoidable parts to obtain accurate information about the performance of the plant.
Conventional exergoeconomic analysis showed that 58.5% of the total cost of the exergy destruction is caused by the catalytic converter with a cost rate of 687.84 $/h. The highest values of the exergoeconomic factor were for Tail Gas Desuperheater (99.01%), Condenser (96.35%) and Tail Gas Heater (87%). The costs of the production process can be improved by reducing the total investment of these three components. The lowest value of exergoeconomic factor was calculated for the Catalytic Converter (15.25%) which implies that thermodynamic efficiency of this equipment must be enhanced.
Based on AEA results, most exergy destruction of the Catalytic Converter is avoidable and exogenous. The destruction cost of the avoidable exergy for this component was 54.4 $ / h, which means that more than 50% of the total cost of the exergy destruction of the Catalytic Converter can be minimized to improve the performance of other equipment of the plant.
Most exergy destruction costs for Tail Gas Heater, Absorption Tower and Air Heater, are unavoidable and endogenous and they cannot be reduced by improving the performance of these equipments. In addition, the cost of the exergy destruction of the Tail Gas Desuperheater is largely unavoidable (66.9 $ / h).
In particular, 85%, 88% and 83% of the investment cost of the Tail Gas Desuperheater, the Absorption Tower and the Catalytic Converter, respectively, are exogenous; that is, it is only affected by the structure of the plant and the operation of the other components, but not by its internal thermodynamic inefficiencies.
Ionic Liquid As Cutting Fluid Additive Using Minimum Quantity Lubricant (MQL) in Titanium-Ceramic Contact
Authors: A. Magar Sameer , Guo Hong , Iglesias Patricia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Titanium alloys have a wide range of application in the field of automotive, biomedical and the civil industry due to its excellent material properties such as high thermal resistance, high load bearing capacity and high corrosion resistance. However, the high cost of machining titanium limits its application in aerospace and shipbuilding industry. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has emerged as a new lubrication technique to achieve sustainable and profitable machining, but multiple studies show that conventional cutting fluid in MQL is not sufficient to reduce the friction and the associated effects. Recently, ionic liquids have shown a great potential in reducing the friction and wear of materials in contact. This study focuses on using an environment-friendly protic ionic liquid (PIL) tri-[bis (2-hydroxyethylammonium)] citrate (DCi) as an additive to a biodegradable oil (BO) used as lubricant in a ball-on-flat reciprocating tribometer in the titanium-ceramic contact at three different frequencies (3Hz, 4Hz and 5 Hz) under different loads. Results show a maximum 50% reduction in friction coefficient and 23% wear reduction at a frequency of 5 Hz under a normal load of 2 N by using 1 wt% DCi as an additive to BO as compared to using neat BO as the lubricant.
Control of Cold Plate Temperature in a Pumped Two Phase Flow
Authors: Sinha Alok , Byrd Larry W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One of the main goals of a pumped two-phase flow cooling system is to ensure that there is a two phase flow at the exit of the cold plate so that the heat transfer coefficient remains very high. To decrease the mass flow rate but still prevent dryout, there is a motivation to maintain the exit quality at roughly 0.6 to 0.7 for an unknown time-varying heat load. In this paper, a simple output feedback control algorithm is proposed to achieve this goal. A nonlinear model based on the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy is used. Steady state solutions and their stability are analyzed. Results from numerical simulations with R134a flow corroborate the validity of the proposed novel feedback control algorithm.
Magnetic-Based Particle Tracking in a Dense Granular Shear Flow
Authors: Tao Xingtian , Wu Huixuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Granular material is ubiquitous in nature and plays a significant role in industry. Researchers have paid a lot of attention to density and velocity distributions of dense granular flows. However, the motion of individual particle is hard to capture because visualizing individual particles in a dense granular flow, especially in 3D, is very difficult and could be expansive. Here we use the magnetic particle tracking (MPT) technique to capture the motion of a single particle in a sheared dense granular flow. The accuracy of MPT is quantified using experimental results. The sheared granular flow is generated in a Couette cell by rotating a plate at the bottom of a cylinder container. It is able to generate different shear stresses by controlling the speed of the plate. By tracking the magnetic particle in the cylinder, we can capture the velocity of an individual particle at different locations in the granular flow.
Development of Contactless Torque Sensor Based on SAW Resonators
Authors: Han Wei , Bu Xiongzhu , Cao Yihan , Xu Miaomiao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a wireless clamp-on torque sensor based on dual or quad one-port SAW resonators to meet the measurement requirements of transmission system. Firstly, the principle of clamp-on torque sensor is introduced, the mechanical model of the structure is calculated and simulated by theoretical analysis and COMSOL. The differential measurement method is confirmed, and the optimal structure parameters are studied. Then, the torque sensitive theory of SAW devices is analyzed, the differential SAW torque sensing elements and the measurement system are designed based on the frequency division multiple access (FDMA). And a novel sensing element installation method is proposed, which reduces the installation error influence on sensor accuracy. Finally, the clamp-on structure prototype and measurement system are verified by the static calibration experiment. The results show that: the torque sensor has the capability that 1.931 KHz/Nm of sensitivity under ±100 Nm with good linearity and consistency. The torque sensor has the advantages of wireless, non-contact, easy installation, high reliability, and easy maintenance, it is suitable for the torque measurement of transmission system.
The Effect of the Embedded Spacers on the Performance of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation System Operating With Different Inlet Feed Temperature
Authors: Alwatban Anas M. , Alshwairekh Ahmed M. , Alqsair Umar F. , Krysko Robert , Alghafis Abdullah A. , Oztekin Alparslan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to model the effect of the inlet feed temperature in direct contact membrane distillation modules. Embedded spacers are used as a local mixing promoter tool. Net-type spacers of angle 45° are used as spacers. The presence of the spacers will mitigate the temperature and concentration polarization effects. The calculation of the vapor flux through the membrane is based on the Dusty-Gas model. The membrane is considered as a functional surface, and the embedded spacers are treated as impermeable surfaces. The vapor flux equation couples the variation of the vapor flux in the feed and the permeate channel with the variation of the feed concentration along the membrane. The flow is considered turbulent in channels containing embedded spacers. The k–ω SST turbulent model is used to characterize the steady-state turbulent structures inside the flow channels. The flow rate in the feed and the permeate channels is fixed. The membrane properties are also fixed. The inlet feed temperature is varying while fixing the inlet permeate temperature. The results indicate that the embedded spacers increase the vapor flux permeation while the temperature and concentration polarizations are mitigated. As the inlet feed temperature is increased, the effect of the embedded spacers becomes more significant.
Retracted: “Numerical Studies of Extreme High-Speed Laser Material Deposition Processes at Powder-Scale” [ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, November 11–14, 2019, Conference Sponsors: ASME, ISBN: 978-0-7918-5937-7, Copyright © 2019 by ASME. Paper No. IMECE2019-10730, pp. V02AT02A045; 10 pages; doi: 10.1115/IMECE2019-10730]
Authors: ASME  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The above referenced paper has been removed from publication. (April 21, 2020)
Copyright © 2020 by ASME
A Constitutive Material Model With Strain-Rate Dependency for Brain Tissue
Authors: Hosseini Farid Mohammad , Ramzanpour Mohammadreza , Ziejewski Mariusz , Karami Ghodrat 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In almost all scenarios of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), the brain tissue goes under mechanical loading at high strain rates. In experimental works, it has also shown that brain tissue behavior is highly rate-dependent. We are presenting here the results of a study on mechanical properties of bovine brain tissue under unconfined compression tests at different rates. The tissue specimens are compressed with deformation rates of 10, 100, and 1000 mm/sec, respectively. We observed the tissue is showing a viscoelastic behavior and become stiffer under increasing strain rates. We developed a nonlinear viscoelastic rate-dependent constitutive model to be calibrated with the test results. The material parameters for this constitutive model have been validated for the above tested results. The model was examined against other rates and agrees well. The study will provide new insight into a better understanding of the rate-dependency behavior of the brain tissue under dynamic conditions. The work is a step forward in understanding the material characteristics of brain tissue for TBI analysis and prediction under loading or high kinematical motions.
Functionally Graded Cellular Core Cross Tube: Finite Element Study
Authors: Jenson Sean , Ohioma Eboreime , Ali Muhammad , Alam Khairul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Thin wall structures are primarily deployed in automotive chassis to increase the energy absorption capacity of the automobiles in the event of an accident. Researchers have delved into developing lighter structures for improving automobiles’ fuel efficiency with a challenge of maintaining or preferably exceeding the energy absorption properties of the structure. In this study, the work presented is a continuation of research conducted on exploring the effects of the introduction of cellular core in tubular structures under axial compressive loading. The crushing response of cellular core cross tube was numerically studied using ABAQUS/Explicit module. The characteristics such as deformation or collapsing modes, crushing/ reactive force, locking strain, energy curves, and specific energy absorbed were studied. The cellular core cross tube shows significant potential for reducing the weight of automobile structure while giving positive indication towards enhancing the specific energy absorption capacity.
Thermal-Kinetic-Mechanical Modeling of Laser Powder Deposition Process for Rail Repair
Authors: Mortazavian Ershad , Wang Zhiyong , Teng Hualiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The study established a three-dimensional, thermal-kinetic-mechanical finite element (FE) model to simulate an additive manufacturing process with a laser powder deposition (LPD) approach for repairing a 75-lb rail that is broadly used for light rail transportation in the US. A worn rail specimen is repaired using 304L stainless steel powders as the deposition material for lab tests. The researchers incorporated an element-birth-and-kill technique to activate the deposition elements step-by-step, according to the build-up strategy along which the laser heat source is translated simultaneously. The laser power attenuation and solid-state transformation expressions are described using external user-defined subroutines for thermal and kinetic analysis, respectively. A set of equations for calculation of hardness for both of the rail and deposition materials are also defined and developed in the FE model. The microstructure distribution coming from kinetic analysis output is employed for hardness calculation. The estimation of the width and depth of the dilution zone in thermal analysis is compared with the experimental results of the repaired specimen to validate the thermal model. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Optical Microscope (OM) analyses, along with a Rockwell B-scale hardness test are performed to validate the outgoing microstructure and hardness results of the FE model. Mechanical analysis results showed that residual thermal stresses can significantly reduce the safety margin against shearing off the deposition part under a dynamic train load. The validated model demonstrated great potential for investigating the effects of the variation of different LPD process parameters on the final mechanical and metallurgical properties of the repaired rail.
Estimating Traction Forces for Pneumatic Tires on Soft Soils With Application to BAJA SAE Vehicles
Authors: Saunders Amanda M. , White Darris 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BAJA SAE is an engineering competition that tasks team with designing single-seat all-terrain vehicles that partake in a variety of events, predominantly on soft soils. Events range from (off-road) land maneuverability, hill climb, tractor pull, and timed acceleration. Tire-terrain interaction strongly influences the performance of off-road vehicles. Tire terrain traction is limited by the mechanical properties for soft soils; therefore, understanding tire-terrain traction forces is important for assessing vehicle performance. Using the stress integration method (SIM) initiated by Bekker and developed by Wong, this paper analyzes the performance of BAJA SAE tires using Bekker’s defined terrain measurements for soft soils. The relative rigidity of the tire versus the soil, in terms of pressure, was compared for operating conditions and used to determine the tire state (rigid wheel or pneumatic tire). Tire state determines shape of the tire-terrain interface, and integration limits. Based on the operating conditions, the tire sinkage into the soil was calculated and used to determine compaction resistance, tire hysteresis, and normal pressures along the tire-terrain interface. Using the SIM, the longitudinal and lateral tractive forces vs the slip ratio and slip angle, respectively, were calculated for a range of operation conditions. The tire-terrain traction forces were evaluated for different tire diameters and tire pressure for a range of soil types. The described process can be used to predict performance for BAJA SAE teams participating in specific events and the results can be used as a basis for selecting tires and tire pressure for dynamic events.