bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the prevalence of palliative needs and exploring screening accuracy of depression and anxiety items of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale – a multi-centre study
Authors: Antunes Bárbara Pereira , Rodrigues Pedro Pereira , Higginson Irene J. , Ferreira Pedro Lopes 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: patients with palliative needs often experience high symptom burden which causes suffering to themselves and their families. Depression and psychological distress should not be considered a “normal event” in advanced disease patients and should be screened, diagnosed, acted on and followed-up. Psychological distress has been associated with greater physical symptom severity, suffering, and mortality in cancer patients. A holistic, but short measure should be used for physical and non-physical needs assessment. The Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale is one such measure. This work aims to determine palliative needs of patients and explore screening accuracy of two items pertaining to psychological needs. Methods: multi-centred observational study using convenience sampling. Data were collected in 9 Portuguese centres. Inclusion criteria: ≥18 years, mentally fit to give consent, diagnosed with an incurable, potentially life-threatening illness. Exclusion criteria: patient in distress ("unable to converse for a period of time"), cognitively impaired. Descriptive statistics used for demographics. Receiving Operator Characteristics curves and Area Under the Curve for anxiety and depression discriminant properties against the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: 1703 individuals were screened between July 1st, 2015 and February 2016. A total of 135 (7.9%) were included. Main reason for exclusion was being healthy (75.2%). The primary care centre screened most individuals, as they have the highest rates of daily patients and the majority are healthy. Mean age is 66.8 years (SD 12.7), 58 (43%) are female. Most patients had a cancer diagnosis 109 (80.7%). Items scoring highest (=4) were: family or friends anxious or worried (36.3%); feeling anxious or worried about illness (13.3%); feeling depressed (9.6%). Using a cut-off score of 2/3, Area Under the Curve for depression and anxiety items were above 70%. Conclusions: main palliative needs were psychological, family related and spiritual. This suggests that clinical teams may better manage physical issues and there is room for improvement regarding non-physical needs. Using the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale systematically could aid clinical teams screening patients for distressing needs and track their progress in assisting patients and families with those issues. Trial Registration: Not applicable. This was not an intervention study.
Impact of Eastern Congo Ebola Outbreak on Child Health Services Delivery: Decline of Routine Child Immunization and Need for Vaccine Supplementation
Authors: Michel-Kabamba Nzaji , Christophe-Luhata Lungoyo , Ngatu Nlandu Roger , Othepa Charlotte , Bertin-Lora Mwimba , Arsene-Kabwaya Mukola , Bateyi Stephane H. , Hoff Nicole A. , Leon-Kabamba Ngombe , Muzembo Basilua Andre , Wada Koji , Ikeda Shunya , Mukamba Elisabeth , Guillaume-Ngoie Mwamba , Oscar-Luboya Numbi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background An Ebola disaster, the deadliest in the history of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), is unfolding in North Kivu and Ituri provinces. An interdisciplinary research team investigated the impact of the Ebolavirus disease (EVD) outbreak on vital health services delivery under the coordination of DRC National Vaccination Program, Ministry of Health. We report on the impact of the ongoing Eastern Congo EVD outbreak on routine child immunization in the EVD-affected in North Kivu province, DRC. Methods This was a retrospective longitudinal study consisting in a time-trend analysis that was conducted in 40 public health facilities that organize routine child immunization in four of the 34 ‘Health Zones’ of the North Kivu province, namely Beni, Butembo, Katwa and Mabalako. Data were collected during two distinct 3-month periods: the “pre-Ebola period” (1 May through July 2018) and the “Ebola period” (1 August through October 2018), to compare the vaccination trends. Mean number of vaccine doses administered in pre-Ebola and Ebola periods were compared (unpaired t test). Results Compared to the “pre-Ebola period”, overall monthly mean vaccines uptake dropped during the “Ebola period”: BCG (157.1 ± 150.3 vs. 227.5 ± 138.4; p<0.0001), Oral polio (OPV: 505.1 ± 474.6 vs. 631.3 ± 353.9; p<0.001), Measles vaccine (147.6 ± 126.7 vs. 184.7 ± 102.5; p<0.001), pneumoccocal vaccine (PCV13: 445.8 ± 395.5 vs. 554.3 ± 299.8; p<0.001) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV: 183.9 ± 141 vs. 153.9 ± 146.6; p<0.01). Furthermore, when considering the trend in child immunization in each of the four Health Zones during ‘Ebola period’, vaccine uptake shrank considerably in most health zones, whereas a complete disruption of vaccine delivery was observed in Mabalako health zone where the epicenter of this outbreak is located. Conclusion The ongoing Ebola outbreak has a negative impact on child health services, routine vaccination in particular. Supplementary immunization coupled with the strengthening of routine child vaccination services should be implemented to address gaps in immunity among children in affected provinces and reduce the risk of other infectious diseases outbreaks. Keywords: Democratic Republic of Congo; Ebola virus disease; Child immunization; Outbreak.
Time to recovery from moderate acute malnutrition and its predictors among 6-59 months children targeted for supplementary feeding in Shalla District, West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia,2018.
Authors: sadeta kebede kumsa , silassie Wondwosen Tekle 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background-Globally, acute malnutrition accounts for >50% cases of childhood mortality in under 5 children each year. Moderate acute malnutrition treatment would be to reduce child mortality and morbidity. Study done in Ethiopia showed treatment food share, lack of water and other factor suggested to cause lower chance of recovery at end of 16 week as per Ethiopian acute malnutrition treatment guide line . Methods- Retrospective cohort study design was conducted among children aged 6–59 months which were treated in targeted supplementary feeding program . A total of 402 children were selected from eight health posts by systematic random sampling. Data were collected by reviewing registration records and interview from January 1-10/2018. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, bivariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze and describe the data and p < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results-the overall average timely recovery was 15 week (SD , 3.3). Children treated by super cereal were 2.44 times more likely to recover timely than children treated by corn soybean blend (AHR 2.44; 95% CI 1.85-3.21). Children that had regular follows up has 48% (AHR 1.48; 95% CI 1.09-2.00) more chance of recovery than intermittent treatment follow up, children’s from sever food in secured family had 51% lower chance to recover than moderate food insecured house hold (AHR 0.49; 95% CI 0.21-0.11) and, admission MUAC³11 . 6 cm had 1.18 times higher proportion of recovery than admission MUAC = 11.5 cm (AHR 1.18; 95% CI 1.13-1.12). Children who have no transport access has 2 times lower proportion of recovery than who have access (AHR 0.5; 95% CI 0.38-0.64). Conclusion- the mean time to recovery was 15 week which is consistent with the national standard 16 weeks. Type of treatment foods, treatment follow up status, and admission mid upper arm circumference had significant association with time recovery moderate acute malnutrition treatment. Keyword : -Time to recovery , targeted supplementary feeding, and moderate acute malnutrition
Does potentially inappropriate prescribing predict an increased risk of admission to hospital and mortality? A longitudinal study of the ‘oldest old’.
Authors: Cardwell Karen , Kerse Ngaire , Hughes Carmel M. , Teh Ruth , Moyes Simon A. , Menzies Oliver , Rolleston Anna , Broad Joanna B. , Ryan Cristín 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) is associated with negative health outcomes, including hospitalisation and mortality. Life and Living in Advanced Age: a Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ) is a longitudinal study of Māori (the indigenous population of New Zealand) and non-Māori octogenarians. Health disparities between indigenous and non-indigenous populations are prevalent internationally and engagement of indigenous populations in health research is necessary to understand and address these disparities. Using LiLACS NZ data, this study reports the association of PIP with hospitalisations and mortality prospectively over 36-months follow-up. Methods: PIP, from pharmacist applied criteria, was reported as potentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs). The association between PIP and hospitalisations (all-cause, cardiovascular disease-specific and ambulatory-sensitive) and mortality was determined throughout a series of 12-month follow-ups using binary logistic (hospitalisations) and Cox (mortality) regression analysis, reported as odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs), respectively, and the corresponding confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Full demographic data were obtained for 267 Māori and 404 non-Māori at baseline, 178 Māori and 332 non-Māori at 12-months, and 122 Māori and 281 non-Māori at 24-months. The prevalence of any PIP (i.e. ≥1 PIM and/or PPO) was 66%, 75% and 72% for Māori at baseline, 12-months and 24-months, respectively. In non-Māori, the prevalence of any PIP was 62%, 71% and 73% at baseline, 12-months and 24-months, respectively. At each time-point, there were more PPOs than PIMs; at baseline Māori were exposed to a significantly greater proportion of PPOs compared to non-Māori (p=0.02). In Māori: PPOs were associated with a 1.5-fold increase in hospitalisations and mortality. In non-Māori, PIMs were associated with a double risk of mortality. Conclusions: PIP was associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation and mortality in this cohort. Omissions appear more important for Māori in predicting hospitalisations, and PIMs were more important in non-Māori in predicting mortality. These results suggest understanding prescribing outcomes across and between population groups is needed and emphasises prescribing quality assessment is useful.
Dissociated responses at initial computed tomography evaluation is a good prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with anti-program cell death-1/ligand 1 inhibitors
Authors: Tozuka Takehiro , Kitazono Satoru , Sakamoto Hiroaki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Amino Yoshiaki , Uematsu Shinya , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Hasegawa Tsukasa , Uchibori Ken , Yanagitani Noriko , Horiike Atsushi , Horai Takeshi , Seike Masahiro , Gemma Akihiko , Nishio Makoto 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Dissociated responses (DR) are phenomena in which some tumors shrink, whereas others progress during treatment of patients with cancer. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the frequency and prognosis of DR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with anti-program cell death-1/ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/L1) inhibitors. Methods: This retrospective study included NSCLC patients who received anti-PD-1/L1 inhibitor as second- or later-line treatment. We excluded patients without radiological evaluation. In patients who showed progressive disease (PD) according to the RECIST 1.1 at the initial CT evaluation, we evaluated all measurable lesions in each organ to identify DR independently of RECIST 1.1. We defined DR as a disease with some shrinking lesions as well as growing or emerging new lesions. Cases not classified as DR were defined as ‘true PD’. Overall survival was compared between patients with DR and those with true PD using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The present study included 62 NSCLC patients aged 27–82 years (median: 65 years). DR and true PD were observed in 11 and 51 patients, respectively. The frequency of DR in NSCLC patients who showed PD to anti-PD-1/L1 was 17.7%. Median overall survival was significantly longer in patients with DR versus true PD (14.0 vs. 6.6 months, respectively; hazard ratio for death: 0.40; 95% confidence interval: 0.17–0.94). Conclusions: Patients with DR exhibited a relatively favorable prognosis.
Evaluation of in vivo adhesiveness of hyaluronic acid combined with xanthan gum and carbomer [Karos® throat lozenges] to the oral cavity mucosa in human healthy subjects: a pilot study
Authors: Bandiera Giorgio , Talamonti Rita , Piccolino Gianmarco , Micaloni Andrea , Raffa Salvatore 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective: The use of a hyaluronic acid-based product has the potential to improve the hydration status of the mucous membranes, especially in the oral cavity. This study has evaluated the in vivo adhesiveness of a product based on hyaluronic acid combined with xanthan gum and carbomer to the oral cavity mucosa in human healthy subjects. The product was administered to 10 healthy volunteers during two tests: in the first participants were asked to abstain from drinking and eating for the duration of the test; in the second participants were free to follow their daily routine. In both tests, samples were taken by brushing the oral cavity immediately after administration of the product, and then after each hour, up to 4 hours. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the drug was carried out by observation of the samples stained with Alcian Blue at pH 2.5. Results: In both tests the analysis demonstrated the presence of the product in all collected samples, up to 4 hours after administration of the product, confirming that the combination of hyaluronic acid with xanthan gum and carbomer can provide a long-lasting, durable mucoadhesive hydrogel.Keywords: Adhesiveness, carbomer, hyaluronic acid, oral cavity mucosa, xanthan gum.
Clinical analysis of bloodstream infection of Escherichia coli in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Bai Changsen , Zhang Xiuse , Yang Dong , Li Ding , Zhang Wenfang , Zhou Yunli , Zhang Qing , Zheng Shan , Ren Li , Li Yueguo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background To study the common pathogens and cancer types of bloodstream infection (BSI) in cancer patients, find the risk factors and conduct clinical analysis.Methods The clinical data of 2302 patients with BSI in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital (TMUCIH) from January 2011 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. 31 pancreatic cancer patients complicated with Escherichia coli BSI and 93 pancreatic cancer patients without BSI at the same period with similar sex and age were divided into infection group and non-infection group.Results 645 strains (28%) of Escherichia coli were the main pathogens causing BSI in patients with cancer. 57 cases (8.8%) of cancer patients with Escherichia coli BSI were from pancreatic oncology department, among which 31 cases were diagnosed as pancreatic cancer by pathology. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hospitalization days≥7, chemotherapy and neutrophil>5.5×10 9 /L were independent risk factors for pancreatic cancer patients complicated with BSI (P < 0.05). Quantitative analysis of serum-related indicators in infection patients and non-infection patients showed significant differences between albumin, prealbumin and neutrophils in infection and non-infection group. The ratio of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum ß-lactamase is 49.3 and 48.1 in pancreatic cancer and non-pancreatic patients. Escherichia coli resistant to carbapenems is rare, they were highly sensitive to Cephamycin and Piperacillin/tazobactam.Conclusions Escherichia coli, the main pathogen causing BSI of cancer patients, is more common in pancreatic cancer patients. The independent risk factors include hospitalization days≥7 days, chemotherapy and neutrophils larger than 5.5×10 9 /L. Quantitative indicators of neutrophil counts, albumin and prealbumin contribute to the early diagnosis of bloodstream infections. Early use of medication, while timely adjustment based on clinical drug sensitivity results will help reduce patient morbidity and mortality.
Interleukin (IL)-25 suppresses IL-22 induced osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis via STAT3 and p38 MAPK/IκBα pathway
Authors: Min Hong Ki , Won Ji-Yeon , Kim Bo-Mi , Lee Kyung-Ann , Lee Seoung-Joon , Lee Sang-Heon , Kim Hae-Rim , Kim Kyoung-Woon 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The present study aimed to evaluate the suppressive role of interleukin (IL)-25 in IL-22-induced osteoclastogenesis and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) expression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods Serum from patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA), and healthy controls, as well as synovial fluid from patients with RA and OA were collected, and the levels of IL-22 and IL-25 were measured. RA and OA synovial tissues were stained against IL-25. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) of patients with RA were cultured with IL-22, in the presence or absence of IL-25, and RANKL expression was measured by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Human peripheral blood monocytes were cultured under IL-22/RANKL, with or without IL-25, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells and osteoclast-related markers were investigated to determine osteoclastogenesis.Results Serum and synovial IL-25 levels in RA were up-regulated compared to those in OA and healthy control, and elevated expression of IL-25 in RA synovial tissue was re-confirmed. IL-25 and IL-22 levels showed significant correlation in serum and synovial fluid. Pre-treatment of FLS with IL-25 reduced IL-22-induced RANKL expression at the RNA level. The suppressive effects of IL-25 were confirmed to occur through the STAT3 and p38 MAPK/IκBα pathways. IL-25 reduced osteoclast differentiation and suppressed the expression of osteoclast-related markers.Conclusion In the current study, we demonstrated the regulatory effect of IL-25 on IL-22-induced osteoclastogenesis. Therapeutic approach involving augmentation of IL-25 regulatory response may serve as a novel treatment option for RA, especially by suppressing osteoclastogenesis.
MiR-21-5p regulates extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis in TMJOA by targeting Spry1.
Authors: Ma Shixing , Zhang Aobo , Li Xiaole , Zhang Shizhou , Liu Shaopeng , Zhao Haoming , Wu Shichao , Chen Lei , Ma Chuan , Zhao Huaqiang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Due to the lack of research on the pathological mechanism of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), there are few effective treatment measures in the clinic. In recent years, microRNAs (miRs) have been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) by regulating a variety of target genes, and the latest evidence shows that miR-21-5p is specifically overexpressed in OA. The purpose of this project was to clarify whether miR-21-5p can regulate the TMJOA process by targeting Spry1.Methods: TMJOA was induced by a unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) model, and the effect of miR-21-5p knockout on TMJOA was evaluated by toluidine blue and immunohistochemical staining. Primary mouse condylar chondrocytes (MCCs) were isolated, cultured and transfected with a series of mimics, inhibitors, siRNA-Spry1 or cDNA Spry1. Western blotting, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, and toluidine blue staining were used to detect the effect of miR-21-5p and its target gene Spry1 on the expression of MMP-13, VEGF and p-ERK1/2 in TMJOA. The effect of miR-21-5p on angiogenesis was evaluated by chick embryo CAM assay and Western blotting.Results: In the UAC model, the cartilage thickness and extracellular matrix of miR-21-5p knockout mice were less damaged. Luciferase experiments confirmed that Spry1 was the direct target of miR-21-5p. The expression levels of Spry1, MMP-13, VEGF and p-ERK1/2 in MCCs transfected with miR-21-5p mimic were higher than those in the inhibitor group. Under the simulated inflammatory environment of IL-1β, the expression levels of MMP-13, VEGF and p-ERK1/2 were positively correlated with miR-21-5p, while Spry1 was negatively correlated with miR-21-5p. Inhibition of miR-21-5p expression and overexpression of Spry1 enhanced the inhibition of MMP-13, VEGF and p-ERK1/2 expression. MiR-21-5p had a significant role in promoting angiogenesis in the chick embryo CAM assay, and this role was clearly mediated by the ERK-MAPK signalling pathway.Conclusion: This study verified that miR-21-5p can promote the process of TMJOA by targeting Spry1, which provides a new direction for future research on the treatment of this disease.
The Devils Hole pupfish gut microbiome and its potential role in paradoxical anaerobism
Authors: Bhute Shrikant S , Escobedo Brisa , Haider Mina , Mekonen Yididya , Ferrer Dafhner , Hillyard Stanley D. , Friel Ariel D , Breukelen Frank van , Hedlund Brian P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The Devils Hole Pupfish ( Cyprinodon diabolis ) frequently enters paradoxical anaerobism in response to endogenously produced or exogenously supplied ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. To decipher the role of the gut microbiota in ethanol-associated paradoxical anaerobism, gut microbial communities were depleted using a cocktail of antibiotics and profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Compared to the control group (n=12), microbiota-depleted fish (n=11) spent more time in paradoxical anaerobism. Our analysis indicated that the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria , Fusobacteria , Bacteroidetes , Firmicutes , Actinobacteria , Patescibacteria , and Dependentiae dominated the pupfish gut, which is consistent with other fish gut microbiota. Although the gut microbial communities with and without antibiotic treatment were similarly diverse, they were distinct and the greatest contribution to the dissimilarity (27.38%) was the common fish commensal Cetobacterium . We speculate that Cetobacterium , a primary fermenter, also consumes ethanol through secondary fermentation via an alcohol dehydrogenase and therefore regulates the transition from paradoxical anaerobism to aerobic respiration in fish. Conclusions This study reports the first characterization of gut microbial communities of critically endangered pupfish and suggests the microbiome may play a critical role in regulating metabolic strategies that are critical for survival in extremes of temperature and oxygen concentration. Given the wide distribution and abundance of Cetobacterium in warm-water fishes, this process may be of broad importance, and suggests that the microbiome be carefully considered for both conservation and aquaculture.