bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic versus open hemihepatectomy: comprehensive comparison of complications and costs at 90 days using a propensity method
Authors: Riquelme Francisco , Muñoz César , Ausania Fabio , Hessheimer Amelia J. , Torres Ferrán , Calatayud David , Sandomenico Raffaele , García Pérez Rocío , Ferrer Joana , Fuster José , García-Valdecasas Juan Carlos , Fondevila Constantino 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLaparoscopic hemihepatectomy (LHH) may offer advantages over open hemihepatectomy (OHH) in blood loss, recovery, and hospital stay. The aim of this study is to evaluate our recent experience performing hemihepatectomy and compare complications and costs up to 90 days following laparoscopic versus open procedures. Retrospective evaluation of patients undergoing hemihepatectomy at our center 01/2010–12/2018 was performed. Patient, tumor, and surgical characteristics; 90-day complications; and costs were analyzed. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance covariates. A total of 141 hemihepatectomies were included: 96 OHH and 45 LHH. While operative times were longer for LHH, blood loss and transfusions were less. At 90 days, there were similar rates of liver-specific and surgical complications but fewer medical complications following LHH. Medical complications that arose with greater frequency following OHH were primarily pulmonary complications and urinary and central venous catheter infections. Complications at 90 days were lower following LHH (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ III OHH 23%, LHH 11%, p = 0.130; Comprehensive Complication Index OHH 20.0 ± 16.1, LHH 10.9 ± 14.2, p = 0.001). While operating costs were higher, costs for hospital stay and readmissions were lower with LHH. Patients undergoing LHH experience a significant reduction in postoperative medical complications and costs, resulting in 90-day cost equity compared with OHH.
An Empirical Exploration of the Capabilities of People with Disabilities in Coping with Disasters
Authors: Ton Khanh That , Gaillard J C , Adamson Carole , Akgungor Caglar , Ho Ha Thanh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile the capability approach is increasingly being adopted for evaluating well-being and social justice in the field of human development, this approach in disaster research has remained scarce. This research thus seeks to address the disaster risk that humans face through a lens of capabilities, with a focus on the lives of people with disabilities. A multi-case study approach was adopted and two rural communes in Vietnam were selected as study contexts. Data were collected using focus group discussions and interviews that involved people with disabilities, parents/caregivers of people with intellectual/psychosocial disabilities, and representatives from related organizations. It was found that people with disabilities are affected by disasters due to the lack of capabilities that they value in coping with disasters. A range of capabilities that people with disabilities value was revealed in the study sites, with many being valued not only in times of disasters but also in daily life. The findings also highlight that, to actualize their valued capabilities, people with disabilities need access not only to resources but also to the factors that enable them to convert the resources to their valued capabilities. In most cases, the limitations to the achievement of capabilities are related to the external environment.
A&nbsp;layered analysis of self-explanation and structured reflection to support clinical reasoning in medical students
Authors: Chamberland Martine , Mamede Silvia , Bergeron Linda , Varpio Lara 
Published: July 2020

Self-explanation and structured reflection have been studied independently with results suggesting that both learning interventions can effectively support medical students’ clinical reasoning development. Given this evidence, medical schools may want/begin to implement these interventions in their curricula. Implementing educational interventions requires educators to maintain the core philosophy and principles of the interventions intact while adjusting implementation techniques to the specificities of individual learning contexts. Educational scholars have yet to explicitly articulate the philosophy, principles and techniques of self-explanation and structured reflection. Without such descriptions, educators risk failing to realize self-explanation’s and structured reflection’s effect to support students’ clinical reasoning skill development in their implementations. Relying on the layered analysis approach, we articulate the philosophy, principles and techniques of self-explanation and structured reflection. This description is framed within the context of an actual implementation to illustrate the philosophies underpinning self-explanation and structured reflection, the principles that realize those philosophies, and the techniques that can be used to enact those principles. Building on the similarities between self-explanation and structured reflection, while also harnessing their differences, we identify why and how these interventions can be combined in a single implementation, while preserving their philosophies and principles. The layered analysis of self-explanation and structured reflection offers essential insights into the underpinnings of these interventions. They are articulated in this manuscript in hopes that other scholars will continue to refine these descriptions thereby facilitating effective use of self-explanation and structured reflection for clinical reasoning development.
Generalization of Pólya’s Zero Distribution Theory for Exponential Polynomials, and Sharp Results for Asymptotic Growth
Authors: Heittokangas Janne M. , Wen Zhi-Tao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn exponential polynomial of order q is an entire function of the form $$\begin{aligned} f(z)=P_1(z)e^{Q_1(z)}+\cdots +P_k(z)e^{Q_k(z)}, \end{aligned}$$

f

(
z
)

=

P
1

(
z
)

e

Q
1

(
z
)

+
⋯
+

P
k

(
z
)

e

Q
k

(
z
)

,

where the coefficients $$P_j(z),Q_j(z)$$

P
j

(
z
)

,

Q
j

(
z
)

are polynomials in z such that $$\begin{aligned} \max \{\deg (Q_j)\}=q. \end{aligned}$$

max
{
deg

(

Q
j

)

}
=
q
.

In 1977 Steinmetz proved that the zeros of f lying outside of finitely many logarithmic strips around so called critical rays have exponent of convergence $$\le q-1$$

≤
q
-
1

. This result does not say anything about the zero distribution of f in each individual logarithmic strip. Here, it is shown that the asymptotic growth of the non-integrated counting function of zeros of f is asymptotically comparable to $$r^q$$

r
q

in each logarithmic strip. The result generalizes the first order results by Pólya and Schwengeler from the 1920’s, and it shows, among other things, that the critical rays of f are precisely the Borel directions of order q of f. The error terms in the asymptotic equations for T(r, f) and N(r, 1/f) originally due to Steinmetz are also improved.
International large-scale assessments, the Global Alliance to Monitor Learning (GAML) and adult education systems
Authors: Singh Shalini 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInternational Large-scale Assessments (ILSAs) have become the quality checklist for education systems globally, especially since the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015. ILSAs not only claim to measure the quality of education systems but also compare them against one another. With the increasing complexity of adult education systems, information provided by ILSAs may influence stakeholders and influence the flow of resources. This article elaborates on the question: How have ILSAs shaped adult education systems globally? The methodology includes a comparison of four ILSAs and an analysis of their linkages with the Global Alliance to Monitor Learning (GAML), SDGs and global policy changes in the adult education systems based on the method of document analysis. The article views the changes in adult education systems as a part of global policy shift led by the OECD where ILSAs have been some of the effective catalysts.
Presenting features of COVID-19 in older people: relationships with frailty, inflammation and mortality
Authors: Knopp Paul , Miles Amy , Webb Thomas E. , Mcloughlin Benjamin C. , Mannan Imran , Raja Nadia , Wan Bettina , Davis Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the clinical features of COVID-19 in older adults, and relate these to outcomes.

Methods
A cohort study of 217 individuals (median age 80, IQR 74–85 years; 62% men) hospitalised with COVID-19, followed up for all-cause mortality, was conducted. Secondary outcomes included cognitive and physical function at discharge. C-reactive protein and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio were used as measures of immune activity.

Results
Cardinal COVID-19 symptoms (fever, dyspnoea, cough) were common but not universal. Inflammation on hospitalisation was lower in frail older adults. Fever, dyspnoea, delirium and inflammation were associated with mortality. Delirium at presentation was an independent risk factor for cognitive decline at discharge.

Conclusions
COVID-19 may present without cardinal symptoms as well as implicate a possible role for age-related changes in immunity in mediating the relationship between frailty and mortality.
Assessment of ventricular dysfunction in Egyptian children with Beta-thalassemia major
Authors: Deraz Salem E. , El Naby Sameh A. Abd , Mahmoud Asmaa A. 
Published: July 2020

Objective/Background:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum cardiac troponin I and serum N-terminal (NT) pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) levels and the utility of tissue Doppler imaging in assessing cardiovascular changes following left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in children with beta-thalassemia major (β-TM). In children with β-TM who depend on regular blood transfusion, cardiac iron toxicity is a common serious complication. The most common cause of death among these patients is congestive heart failure.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study which included 50 patients with β-TM and 50 healthy controls. Tissue Doppler imaging was performed and levels of serum ferritin, cardiac troponin I, and NT pro-BNP were estimated for all included patients.

Results:
Serum NT pro-BNP and cardiac troponin (cTnI) showed a significant increase in patients with β-TM (p < .001). In patients with β-TM, LV dimensions (LV end systolic diameter) and (LV end diastolic diameter) were large (p < .01); LVmass (p < .01), Ewave, and E/A ratio (p < .01) were high (p < .05); and deceleration time was short (p < .05). Besides, transmitral ratio (E/Em) (p < .05) and tricuspid valve velocity were higher (p < .05), and early diastolic velocity (Em)(p < .05) and systolic wave velocity (Sm) were lower in patients with β-TM(p < .05). Asignificant positive correlation was detected between the pro-BNP and Ewave (r = 0.558, p < .001), E/A ratio (r = 0.403, p < .001), E/Em ratio (r = 0.576, p < .001), and ferritin (r = 0.545, p < .001).

Conclusion:
Pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging and NT pro-BNP had a significant role in the estimation of ventricular dysfunction in children with β-TM.
A Qualitative Exploration of Women’s Experiences of Living with Chronic Vulvar Dermatoses
Authors: Sadownik Leslie A. , Koert Emily , Maher Ciana , Smith Kelly B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Many vulvar dermatoses (VDs) are chronic and cannot be “cured,” thus affected women must learn to live with the impact of the disease, and its treatment, on their quality of life.

Aim
To qualitatively investigate the impact of VDs on women’s quality of life through firsthand accounts.

Methods
12 women, 7 with lichen sclerosus and 5 with erosive vulvovaginal lichen planus recruited from a vulvar disease clinic participated in in-depth, exploratory interviews. Scripts were analyzed by applying a thematic network. The following steps were used: (1) coding the text, (2) development of descriptive themes, and (3) generation of thematic networks.

Outcomes
The main outcome explored was the narrative experiences of women living with VDs.

Results
A global theme of suffering emerged. Themes associated with this suffering were organized under the themes of isolation, interference, and grieving. Women felt isolated because they felt unable to talk about their suffering; experienced a lack of external validation and support; and felt different as individuals, women, and sexual beings. Most women expressed negative views of their genitalia. Women spoke of the VDs, and its management, as interfering with thoughts, activities, and sex life. Symptoms were described as all-encompassing. Women spoke about limiting and/or avoiding daily activities and, in particular, sexual activities. Women described diminished sexual pleasure and experienced loss in their intimate relationships. Women described an ongoing grieving process; anger and sadness over the loss of their former healthy self; the burden of ongoing treatment; and attempts to cope and accept their current condition.

Clinical implications
The findings suggest that assessment of women with VDs should include a detailed history of the impact of the VDs on women’s psychological and sexual health.

Strengths and Limitations
A strength of this study is that we openly explored the lived experiences of women who had been clinically diagnosed with vulvar lichen sclerosus and erosive vulvovaginal lichen planus. A limitation is that the findings may not represent the experience of women living with VDs who do not wish to discuss their VDs or who are undiagnosed, untreated, and/or treated by other health-care providers.

Conclusions
Women described profound impact of VDs on psychological and sexual health.
Imaging Developmental and Interventional Plasticity Following Perinatal Stroke
Authors: Craig Brandon T. , Hilderley Alicia , Kirton Adam , Carlson Helen L. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT:Perinatal stroke occurs around the time of birth and leads to lifelong neurological disabilities including hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized our understanding of developmental neuroplasticity following early injury, quantifying volumetric, structural, functional, and metabolic compensatory changes after perinatal stroke. Such techniques can also be used to investigate how the brain responds to treatment (interventional neuroplasticity). Here, we review the current state of knowledge of how established and emerging neuroimaging modalities are informing neuroplasticity models in children with perinatal stroke. Specifically, we review structural imaging characterizing lesion characteristics and volumetrics, diffusion tensor imaging investigating white matter tracts and networks, task-based functional MRI for localizing function, resting state functional imaging for characterizing functional connectomes, and spectroscopy examining neurometabolic changes. Key challenges and exciting avenues for future investigations are also considered.
How to keep patients and staff safe from accidental SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the emergency room: Lessons from South Korea’s explosive COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Kim Yun Jeong , Choe Jae Young , Kwon Ki Tae , Hwang Soyoon , Choi Gyu-Seog , Sohn Jin Ho , Kim Jong Kun , Yeo In Hwan , Cho Yeon Joo , Ham Ji Yeon , Song Kyung Eun , Lee Nan Young 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectives:We report our experience with an emergency room (ER) shutdown related to an accidental exposure to a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who had not been isolated.Setting:A 635-bed, tertiary-care hospital in Daegu, South Korea.Methods:To prevent nosocomial transmission of the disease, we subsequently isolated patients with suspected symptoms, relevant radiographic findings, or epidemiology. Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays (RT-PCR) were performed for most patients requiring hospitalization. A universal mask policy and comprehensive use of personal protective equipment (PPE) were implemented. We analyzed effects of these interventions.Results:From the pre-shutdown period (February 10–25, 2020) to the post-shutdown period (February 28 to March 16, 2020), the mean hourly turnaround time decreased from 23:31 ±6:43 hours to 9:27 ±3:41 hours (P < .001). As a result, the proportion of the patients tested increased from 5.8% (N=1,037) to 64.6% (N=690) (P < .001) and the average number of tests per day increased from 3.8±4.3 to 24.7±5.0 (P < .001). All 23 patients with COVID-19 in the post-shutdown period were isolated in the ER without any problematic accidental exposure or nosocomial transmission. After the shutdown, several metrics increased. The median duration of stay in the ER among hospitalized patients increased from 4:30 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 2:17–9:48) to 14:33 hours (IQR, 6:55–24:50) (P < .001). Rates of intensive care unit admissions increased from 1.4% to 2.9% (P = .023), and mortality increased from 0.9% to 3.0% (P = .001).Conclusions:Problematic accidental exposure and nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 can be successfully prevented through active isolation and surveillance policies and comprehensive PPE use despite longer ER stays and the presence of more severely ill patients during a severe COVID-19 outbreak.
The Role of Museums in Creating National Community in Wartime Ukraine
Authors: Olzacka Elżbieta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the aftermath of the violent Revolution of Dignity (2013/2014) and the subsequent war in Donbas (2014–), a heroic story about the new beginning of a “united, Ukrainian nation” began to emerge. Shaping this new narrative are new museum projects devoted to Ukraine’s developing history. This article examines the process of these new institutions’ formation, the content of created exhibitions, and the activities conducted therein. It focuses on the role of the museums in activating, unifying, and integrating both the Ukrainian national community and civil society. This article is based on a qualitative analysis of materials collected during seven research stays in Ukraine, from June 2017 to August 2019, and focuses on four cases–Ukraine’s First ATO Museum in Dnipro; the Museum of the Heavenly Hundred in Ivano-Frankivsk; theUkrainian Eastexhibition in the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War in Kyiv; and a project of the Museum of the Revolution of Dignity in Kyiv. The examined institutions are presented not only as places for gathering artifacts but also as laboratories of civic activism, participation, and dialogue.
Newly identified Jurassic–Cretaceous migmatites in the Liaodong Peninsula: unravelling a Mesozoic anatectic event related to the lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton
Authors: Liu Jin , Zhang Jian , Yin Chang-Qing , Cheng Chang-Quan , Qian Jia-Hui , Zhao Chen , Chen Ying , Wang Xiao , Hsia Jui-Yen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA suite of Jurassic–Cretaceous migmatites was newly identified in the Liaodong Peninsula of the eastern North China Craton (NCC). Anatexis is commonly associated with crustal thickening. However, the newly identified migmatites were formed during strong lithospheric thinning accompanied by voluminous magmatism and intense deformation. Field investigations show that the migmatites are spatially associated with low-angle detachment faults. Numerous leucosomes occur either as isolated lenses or thin layers (dykes), parallel to or cross-cutting the foliation. Peritectic minerals such as titanite and sillimanite are distributed mainly along the boundaries of reactant minerals or are accumulated along the foliation. Most zircons show distinct core–rim structures, and the rims have low Th/U ratios (0.01–0.24). Zircon U–Pb dating results indicate that the protoliths of the migmatites were either the Late Triassic (224–221 Ma) diorites or metasedimentary rocks deposited sometime afterc. 1857 Ma. The zircon overgrowth rims record crystallization ages of 173–161 Ma and 125 Ma, which represent the formation time of leucosomes. These ages are consistent with those reported magmatic events in the Liaodong Peninsula and surrounding areas. The leucosomes indicate a strong anatectic event during the Jurassic–Cretaceous period. Partial melting occurred through the breakdown of muscovite and biotite with the presence of water-rich fluid under a thermal anomaly regime. The possible mechanism that caused the 173–161 Ma and 125 Ma anatectic events was intimately related to the regional crustal extension during the lithospheric thinning of the NCC. Meanwhile, the newly generated melts further weakened the rigidity of the crust and enhanced the extension.
A review of vitamin D and its importance to the health of dairy cattle
Authors: Hodnik Jaka Jakob , Ježek Jožica , Starič Jože 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis Research Reflection short review will discuss vitamin D metabolism, its role in nutrition, disease prevention, and welfare of dairy cattle, as well as its toxicity. Vitamin D is an important fat-soluble vitamin. However, some researchers regard it as a hormone due to its function in the organism. Its role is not limited just to Ca homoeostasis and bone metabolism but is also associated with immunity. In dairy cattle it is known for preventing milk fever. Cows can acquire vitamin D in many ways for example through feed, parenteral injections or through UVB irradiation from the sun or artificial lighting. The vitamin D in feed can either be plant-/ fungi- based ergocalciferol or animal-based cholecalciferol. There is currently only one registered feed vitamin D supplement for cattle in the European Union and it is cholecalciferol. Animals can also synthesize their own vitamin D when 7-dihydrocholesterol in the skin is irradiated with UVB light resulting in cholecalciferol production. Despite its importance, many cattle are deficient in vitamin D due to inadequate supplementation or insufficient sun exposure. In a study performed at the Veterinary Faculty in Slovenia 12 high producing Holstein Friesian cows at a commercial dairy farm were blood tested for vitamin D status for three succeeding months and all but one were vitamin D insufficient in all testings. The cows were not exposed to direct sunlight and the content of vitamin D3 in feed was <400 IU/kg dry matter, which is less than half of the NRC (2001) recommendation. Deficiency can also occur due to diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract, such as paratuberculosis, which lower the absorptive capacity of the gut. Vitamin D can be toxic if cows are over-supplemented or consume large quantities of plants like Trisetum flavescens, which contain an active form of vitamin D-calcitriol or its glycosides, that are activated by digestion in the rumen.
The human−animal relationship in dairy animals
Authors: Napolitano Fabio , Bragaglio Andrea , Sabia Emilio , Serrapica Francesco , Braghieri Ada , De Rosa Giuseppe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study aims to identify margins for the improvement of dairy animal welfare and production based on the quality of the human−animal relationship (HAR). The main tool proposed to improve the quality of HAR in dairy animals is training of stock-people by targeting their attitude and behaviour. Given that a good quality HAR may benefit the welfare of dairy animals and productivity, new technologies, by monitoring the handling routine on farm, may be more effective in promoting good practices. In particular, the implementation of new technologies may allow identification of specific inappropriate behaviours to be targeted at stockperson level, thus increasing the efficacy of training. However, an issue related to the introduction of new technologies in the farms, particularly in those that follow traditional farming practices, is the resistance to innovation which may be encountered.