bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination the Gene Expression of Adjacent Normal and Tumor Makes more Robust Gene Signature as Cancer Prognosis Biomarker
Authors: Ma Wei , Li Dandan , Zhang Changjian , Xiong Ming , Qiao Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose: We tried to explore new gene signature via the combination of tumor-derived expression profile and the adjacent normal-derived expression profile to find more robust cancer biomarker. Methods: Log2 transformed ratio of tumor tissue and the adjacent normal tissue (Log2TN) expression, tumor-derived expression, and normal-derived expression were used to do univariate Cox regression in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) respectively. Then, we used factor analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox (LASSO-Cox) to select gene signature in TCGA LUSC for Log2TN, tumor, and adjacent normal respectively.Results: By comparing Log2TN with tumor and adjacent normal in LUSC, we found that genes derived from Log2TN show more robust (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001) and have lower p-values (p < 0.001). Gene signature selected from Log2TN shows the best generalization in the three GEO datasets even though only tumor-derived expression profiles were available in the three datasets. Enrichment analysis showed that the tumor cells mainly focus on proliferation with losing functional of metabolism.Conclusions: These results indicate that (1) Log2TN could get more robust genes and gene signature than tumor-derived expression profiles used traditionally; (2) the adjacent-normal tissue may also play an important role in the progress and outcome of the tumor.Implications for Cancer Survivors: By combined of tumor-derived expression profile and the adjacent normal-derived expression profile, we could find more robust gene signature than traditionally method. Using these robust gene signatures, robust cancer biomarkers could be constructed and will do great help to improve cancer prognosis.
Ideal cardiovascular health at age 5-6 years and cardiometabolic outcomes in preadolescence
Authors: Westerink Hester Jaspers Faijer - , Stavnsbo Mette , Hutten Barbara A. , Chinapaw Mai , Vrijkotte Tanja GM 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background- The American Heart Association (AHA) developed a definition of ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) based on the presence of both ideal health behaviours (diet, physical activity, weight status and smoking) and ideal health factors (glucose, total cholesterol and blood pressure levels). However, research of ICH in the paediatric population is scarce. We aimed to study ICH at age 5-6 years by extending the original ICH score with the health behaviours: sleep duration, screen time and prenatal smoke exposure, and to evaluate its association with cardiometabolic outcomes at age 11-12.Methods- A total of 1,666 children aged 5-6 years were selected from the database of the ABCD-study, a prospective cohort study on the health and development of children born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Of these, 846 (50.8%) were boys and 1460 (87.6%) had a healthy weight. Data on self-reported health behaviours and health factors were used to calculate the ICH scores (original and extended) by adding the frequency of scoring ‘healthy’ on each indicator, based on international cut-offs. The children were followed up for 6 years and cardiometabolic outcomes (carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), blood pressure, glucose and lipids) were measured. Associations between ICH (both original and extended) and cardiometabolic outcomes were examined using multivariable regression models.Results- At age 5-6 years, 11% scored poor (score 1-5), 56% intermediate (score 6-7) and 33% good (score 8-9) on extended ICH. Healthy diet and normal total cholesterol concentrations were the least prevalent. Neither the original nor the extended ICH scores were associated with CIMT at age 11-12. A higher score on the extended ICH was associated with lower total cholesterol (p for trend <0.001), lower systolic (p for trend=0.012) and diastolic blood pressure (p for trend=0.011), and lower body mass index (BMI) (p<0.001) at age 11-12. The original ICH score was associated with lower total cholesterol (p<0.001) and BMI (p<0.001) only.Conclusion- Our findings suggest that extending the ICH score in young children with additional health behaviours improves prediction of some cardiometabolic outcomes, but not CIMT in preadolescence, compared to the original ICH score. We would recommend other researchers to incorporate objective measures of health behaviours and longer follow-up to find out whether associations persist into adulthood.
Relation of the Serum Levels of DKK-1 and Osteoprotegerin with Bone Mass in Tightly Controlled Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Gómez-Vaquero Carmen , Martín Irene , Zacarías Andrea , Alía Pedro , Loza Estíbaliz , Carmona Loreto , Narváez Javier 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To analyze the association between serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG)
and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1) and the annual percent change (Δ%) in bone mineral density
(BMD) in patients with tightly controlled rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods:
Observational mixed-study. RA patients followed-up with a tight-control strategy were
included. Bone densitometries were performed at baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1) and serum levels
of OPG and DKK-1 were measured by ELISA also in T0 and T1; additional clinical variables
included disease activity measures, and treatment for RA and osteoporosis. Descriptive bivariate
and multivariate analyses, stratified by gender, were performed.

Results:
We included 97 RA patients (70% female, with a mean age of 53 years, and 76% with low
activity by DAS28); 95% were treated with DMARDs and 37% with anti-osteoporotic drugs. Mean
time between T0 and T1 was 2.7 years. Most patients had their BMD improved. The mean Δ%BMD
was +0.42% for lumbar spine, +0.15% for femoral neck and +0.91% for total femur. In men,
baseline OPG was significantly associated with higher BMD loss (β coefficient -0.64) at the femoral
neck. In women, DKK-1 was associated with higher BMD loss at the femoral neck (β coefficient
-0.09), and total femur (β coefficient -0.11); however, DKK-1 was associated with lower
BMD loss at the lumbar spine (β coefficient 0.06).

Conclusion:
In tightly controlled RA patients, we have found no evidence of bone loss. The role of
DKK1 and OPG seems small and might be related to sex and location.
Assistência Técnica
Authors: Fischlowitz Estanislau 
Published: December 2020

O principal fator responsável pela atual grave crise internacional é a distribuição acentuadamente desajustada entre várias regiões do globo dos recursos de capital e técnica que muito contrasta com a repartição entre as mesmas da população mundial. Evidentemente, tais contrastes entre as partes economicamente sub-desenvolvidas e evoluídas do mundo não constituem uma novidade, tendo acompanhado tôdas as etapas anteriores de evolução da humanidade. No entanto, as distâncias entre os países “ricos” e “pobres”, ao invés de diminuir com o'correr do tempo, aumentaram nas últimas décadas cada vez mais, o que fica evidenciado de modo flagrante por dados comparativos a respeito das suas respectivas rendas nacionais per capita.
Summing a Family of Generalized Pell Numbers
Authors: Prodinger Helmut 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A new family of generalized Pell numbers was recently introduced and studied by Bród ([2]). These numbers possess, as Fibonacci numbers, a Binet formula. Using this, partial sums of arbitrary powers of generalized Pell numbers can be summed explicitly. For this, as a first step, a power P
𝓁

n
is expressed as a linear combination of P

mn
. The summation of such expressions is then manageable using generating functions. Since the new family contains a parameter R = 2
r
, the relevant manipulations are quite involved, and computer algebra produced huge expressions that where not trivial to handle at times.
Attenuative Role of Idebenone on Deltamethrin Mediated Peroxidative Toxicity of Ram Semen Stored at 4°C
Authors: Sheykh-Babaei Afshin , Zadeh-Hashem Elham , Eslami Mohsen , Farrokhi-Ardabili Farhad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the different concentrations of deltamethrin (DEL; Exp. 1) and the protective role of idebenone (IDB) supplemented with toxic dose of deltamethrin (Exp. 2) during chilled storage of ram semen. Collected samples were pooled and diluted at 500×106 spermatozoa per mL. In Exp. 1, effect of DEL at 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μM levels was evaluated on different variables of spermatozoa motion characteristics. In Exp. 2, different amounts of IDB (2, 4, and 8 μM) concurrent with constant doses of DEL (10 μM) were examined on semen quality upon chilled preservation up to 72 h. Indices of spermatozoa kinematics, functionality of plasma membrane and viability were recorded. Biochemical metabolites were measured in spermatozoa and its medium (extender) at different time points. In Exp. 1, different parameters of spermatozoa kinematics were affected by exposure to DEL in a dose dependent manner. In Exp. 2, combination of IDB with DEL resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase in total motility, forward progressive motility and curvilinear path velocity compared to DEL group at 24, 48 and 72 h. Simultaneous administration of IDB with DEL increased the percentage of spermatozoa with functional membrane and viability compared to DEL group at 72 h (P<0.05). The amounts of lipid peroxidation index were lower in medium of combination groups compared to DEL group at 48 h and 72 h (P<0.05). Antioxidant capacity was higher in spermatozoa and medium of IDB treated groups compared to DEL group at 72 h (P<0.05). Amounts of total nitrate-nitrite and superoxide dismutase activity of spermatozoa and medium were not affected by treatment (P>0.05). In conclusion, IDB could ameliorate oxidative and peroxidative damages induced by DEL mild toxicity upon cold preservation of ram semen.
Partial Replacement of Concentrate with Olive Cake in Different forms in the Diet of Lactating Barki Ewes Affects the Lactational Performance and Feed Utilization
Authors: Hadhoud Fatma I. , Kholif Ahmed E. , Abd El Tawab Ahmed M. , Shaaban Mahmoud M. , Mostafa Mohamed M.M. , Ebeid Hossam M. , Matloup Osama H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present experiment aimed to evaluate the inclusion of dried olive cake treated or untreated with fibrolytic enzyme, partially replacing concentrates in the diet of ewes. Forty lactating Barki ewes, weighing 37.1 ± 4.0 kg, were assigned into four treatments (n=10) in a complete randomized design for 9 weeks. Ewes were stratified according to parity (2 ± 1 parity) and previous milk production (615 ± 11 g/d). The control diet consisted of concentrates and corn fodder at 60:40, respectively. For the experimental diets, 30% of the concentrates was replaced with dried olive cake (DOC treatment), olive cake silage (SOC treatment) or olive cake silage treated with fibrolytic enzymes (ESOC treatment). Without affecting intake, DOC, SOC and ESOC diets enhanced (P<0.05) dry matter, organic matter and non-structural carbohydrate digestibility; however, ESOC diets increased (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility. Additionally, DOC, SOC and ESOC diets increased (P<0.05) ruminal total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate without affecting ruminal pH and ammonia-N concentration. The ESOC diet increased serum glucose concentration (P=0.019). Both of SOC and ESOC diets increased (P<0.05) daily milk production and energy corrected milk as well as milk fat concentration (P=0.028). All of DOC, SOC and ESOC increased (P<0.05) feed (milk) efficiency compared with the control diet. It is concluded that 30% of concentrates can be replaced with olive cake without negative effects on performance but with better performance when olive cake was ensiled with or without fibrolytic enzymes.
Soft covered ideals in semigroups
Authors: Özlü Şerif , Sezgin Aslıhan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, soft covered ideals in semigroups are constructed and in this concept, soft covered semigroups, soft covered left (right) ideals, soft covered interior ideals, soft covered (generalized) bi-ideals and soft covered quasi ideals of a semigroup are defined. Various properties of these ideals are introduced and the interrelations of these soft covered ideals and the relations of soft anti covered ideals and soft covered ideals are investigated.
On the metric dimension of strongly annihilating-ideal graphs of commutative rings
Authors: Soleymanivarniab V. , Nikandish R. , Tehranian A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Let 𝒭 be a commutative ring with identity and 𝒜(𝒭) be the set of ideals with non-zero annihilator. The strongly annihilating-ideal graph of 𝒭 is defined as the graph SAG(𝒭) with the vertex set 𝒜 (𝒭)* = 𝒜 (𝒭) \{0} and two distinct vertices I and J are adjacent if and only if I ∩ Ann(J) ≠ (0) and J ∩ Ann(I) ≠ (0). In this paper, we study the metric dimension of SAG(𝒭) and some metric dimension formulae for strongly annihilating-ideal graphs are given.
Pathway Analysis to Determine Factors Contributing to Overall Quality Scores in Four Berry Crops
Authors: Cockerton Helen , Blanco Unzueta Maddi , Johnson Abigail W. , Vadillo Dieguez Andrea , Fernández Fernández Felicidad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fruit quality attributes are influenced by environmental, agronomic and genetic factors; both cultivars and growing conditions can vary substantially between UK production and imported fruit. This study aimed to record and dissect the most relevant fruit quality traits for berries imported into the UK in the winter months. Blackberry, blueberry, raspberry and strawberry fruit were imported from 11 countries into a Kent-based packhouse (UK) or purchased from major retailers between December 2018 and March 2019. Multiple fruit quality components were assessed for relative contribution towards a high “overall assessment” fruit quality score. It was found that strawberry and blackberry overall scores were affected by sweetness perception, whereas blueberry and raspberry organoleptics are more complex, with overall scores influenced by flavor perception. Multiple raspberry and strawberry fruit quality traits were found to be associated with genotypic differences, indicating a promising potential for genetic improvement through breeding. By contrast, the study findings suggest that there is less potential for genetic improvement in blueberry, and that the environment may have a large effect on blueberry fruit quality traits.
Functional Politicization in the Dutch Senior Civil Service: Evidence from Longitudinal Surveys and Qualitative Research (2007 – 2019)
Authors: Belloir Alexandre , van den Berg Caspar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although substantial advances have been made in our comprehension of functional politicization – political capacities and activities being taken on by bureaucrats in their administrative duties – questions surrounding its causal mechanisms remain. To shed light on these questions, we here explore increasing political polarization (and fragmentation) in Dutch politics and functional politicization over the period 2007 – 2019 to see how the two are related. To do so, we adopt a cross-time approach that observes which skills – political-strategic insight, substantive expertise (Fachwissen), or procedural knowledge (Dienstwissen) – senior civil servants perceive to be the most relevant to successfully and correctly exercise their profession in a period of increasing polarization in the Dutch political landscape. Drawing from surveys conducted with senior civil servants in 2007, 2013 and 2019, combined with semi-structured interviews conducted in 2019, the data depicts the prevalence of political astuteness in the profession and highlights the factors for its causes: institutional, organizational, and interpersonal dynamics. This indicates an (in)direct link between political polarization and functional politicization of the administrative apparatus that serves as a basis for further cross-time and cross-country investigation.
SoK: Privacy-Preserving Reputation Systems
Authors: Gurtler Stan , Goldberg Ian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Trust and user-generated feedback have become increasingly vital to the normal functioning of the modern internet. However, deployed systems that currently incorporate such feedback do not guarantee users much in the way of privacy, despite a wide swath of research on how to do so spanning over 15 years. Meanwhile, research on systems that maintain user privacy while helping them to track and update each others’ reputations has failed to standardize terminology, or converge on what privacy guarantees should be important. Too often, this leads to misunderstandings of the tradeoffs underpinning design decisions. Further, key insights made in some approaches to designing such systems have not circulated to other approaches, leaving open significant opportunity for new research directions. This SoK investigates 42 systems describing privacy-preserving reputation systems from 2003–2019 in order to organize previous work and suggest directions for future work. Our three key contributions are the systematization of this body of research, the detailing of the tradeoffs implied by overarching design choices, and the identification of underresearched areas that provide promising opportunities for future work.
Scaling up Differentially Private Deep Learning with Fast Per-Example Gradient Clipping
Authors: Lee Jaewoo , Kifer Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent work on Renyi Differential Privacy has shown the feasibility of applying differential privacy to deep learning tasks. Despite their promise, however, differentially private deep networks often lag far behind their non-private counterparts in accuracy, showing the need for more research in model architectures, optimizers, etc. One of the barriers to this expanded research is the training time — often orders of magnitude larger than training non-private networks. The reason for this slowdown is a crucial privacy-related step called “per-example gradient clipping” whose naive implementation undoes the benefits of batch training with GPUs. By analyzing the back-propagation equations we derive new methods for per-example gradient clipping that are compatible with auto-differeniation (e.g., in Py-Torch and TensorFlow) and provide better GPU utilization. Our implementation in PyTorch showed significant training speed-ups (by factors of 54x - 94x for training various models with batch sizes of 128). These techniques work for a variety of architectural choices including convolutional layers, recurrent networks, attention, residual blocks, etc.
The CRIB II (Clinical Risk Index for Babies II) Score in Prediction of Neonatal Mortality
Authors: Stomnaroska Orhideja , Danilovski Dragan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Predicting the outcome of neonatal critical patients remains elusive. The multiple factors of maternal state of health (infections, diabetes, gestosis), the placental situation (premature rupture of membranes) as well as multiple factors from the baby (small for gestational age, low Apgar score, low birth infections, mechanical ventilation, hypoglycaemia hyperglycamiea) render the approach to treatment of each patient individual and the outcome uncertain. Several approaches and scales are developed in order to assess the mortality risk in those rather complicated situations.
We used the CRIB-II scale to assess the mortality risk in 80 patients delivered in a large tertiary level hospital with more than 4,000 deliveries yearly. The patients were stratified according to all the neonatal risk factors and comorbidities. The CRIB-II scale identified well the mortality rates, but not the outcomes. A large and well-balanced cohort of patients followed for a longer period is required to discern in detail the importance of CRIB-II scale in predicting outcomes in high-risk new-borns. This could serve as an assistance to personalized approach to severely sick children. In addition, it is a valuable method in comparing outcomes in different NICUs and outcomes in different times in the same NICU, thus rendering possible improvements in the same unit and among several NICU departments.
MEDICALIZAÇÃO NAS INSTITUIÇÕES SOCIALMENTE CONCEBIDAS: POSSÍVEIS CONSEQUÊNCIAS
Authors: Pereira Maria Marconiete Fernandes , De Sousa Gustavo Camacho Meira 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo trata da consequência da denominada medicalização nas instituições criadas pelas relações humanas. É compreendida como fenômeno que causa efeitos na sociedade, a partir de uma atuação dos profissionais da área biomédica. Envolve também as instituições econômicas criadas pelos indivíduos, para a sua interação social. Serão apresentados os conceitos e à análise da medicalização nos campos político, econômico e social. Discorrer-se-á sobre suas formas, como a biopolítica, o comportamento transgressivo das normas sociais, o controle social e o processo irregular, atentando-se para os três principais tipos de iatrogêneses. Será trazida ao debate a visão associativa entre a medicalização e as instituições da ciência econômica, sob perspectiva das diferentes conceituações, com base na teoria institucionalista. Buscar-se-á uma definição que possa incorporar suas amplas concepções. Abordar-se-ão as ideias de escolas institucionalistas, analisando-se as instituições com base na concepção de Douglas North. Serão indicadas as causas socioculturais que motivam as mudanças institucionais, segundo a teoria da microeconomia, fazendo-se uma análise das restrições formais e informais. Concluir-se-á que a medicalização é vetor da mudança institucional das restrições socialmente concebidas. O desenvolvimento do tema será feito através de um estudo qualitativo e dedutivo de revisão bibliográfica. Palavras-chave: Medicalização. Instituições. Sociedade.
Metronidazole-related neurotoxicity in a referral hospital
Authors: Koul Roshan , Shasthry Saggere Muralikrishna , Ramalingam Archana , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
Metronidazole is commonly used drug in almost all the fields of medicine. Commonly patients use medication for a shorter time than was prescribed, but in this report, the patients have used medication for long time based on ultrasound images. This study aims to assess metronidazole-related neurotoxicity at this hospital.

Material and Methods:
All the patients with diagnosis of amebic liver abscess, who developed neurotoxicity with metronidazole, were evaluated retrospectively.

Results:
Ten patients with metronidazole neurotoxicity were seen from April 2017 to March 2019. All ten had peripheral neuropathy; one each had in addition cerebellar ataxia and new onset seizures.

Conclusion:
A preventable toxic effect with metronidazole has to be recognized early during drug therapy for hepatic amebic abscesses. A dose adjustment during therapy helps in preventing this neurotoxicity. The patients have to be educated that metronidazole should not be continued on ultrasound images.