bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membrane Poration Mechanisms at the Cell–Nanostructure Interface
Authors: Dipalo Michele , Caprettini Valeria , Bruno Giulia , Caliendo Fabio , Garma Leonardo D. , Melle Giovanni , Dukhinova Marina , Siciliano Velia , Santoro Francesca , De Angelis Francesco 
Published: November 2019

Abstract3D vertical nanostructures have become one of the most significant methods for interfacing cells and the nanoscale and for accessing significant intracellular functionalities such as membrane potential. As this intracellular access can be induced by means of diverse cellular membrane poration mechanisms, it is important to investigate in detail the cell condition after membrane rupture for assessing the real effects of the poration techniques on the biological environment. Indeed, differences of the membrane dynamics and reshaping have not been observed yet when the membrane‐nanostructure system is locally perturbed by, for instance, diverse membrane breakage events. In this work, new insights are provided into the membrane dynamics in case of two different poration approaches, optoacoustic‐ and electro‐poration, both mediated by the same 3D nanostructures. The experimental results offer a detailed overview on the different poration processes in terms of electrical recordings and membrane conformation.
13.7% Efficiency Small‐Molecule Solar Cells Enabled by a Combination of Material and Morphology Optimization
Authors: Yue Qihui , Wu Hao , Zhou Zichun , Zhang Ming , Liu Feng , Zhu Xiaozhang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCompared with the quick development of polymer solar cells, achieving high‐efficiency small‐molecule solar cells (SMSCs) remains highly challenging, as they are limited by the lack of matched materials and morphology control to a great extent. Herein, two small molecules, BSFTR and Y6, which possess broad as well as matched absorption and energy levels, are applied in SMSCs. Morphology optimization with sequential solvent vapor and thermal annealing makes their blend films show proper crystallinity, balanced and high mobilities, and favorable phase separation, which is conducive for exciton dissociation, charge transport, and extraction. These contribute to a remarkable power conversion efficiency up to 13.69% with an open‐circuit voltage of 0.85 V, a high short‐circuit current of 23.16 mA cm−2 and a fill factor of 69.66%, which is the highest value among binary SMSCs ever reported. This result indicates that a combination of materials with matched photoelectric properties and subtle morphology control is the inevitable route to high‐performance SMSCs.
Constructing Metastructures with Broadband Electromagnetic Functionality
Authors: Fan Ren‐Hao , Xiong Bo , Peng Ru‐Wen , Wang Mu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic metastructures stand for the artificial structures with a characteristic size smaller than the wavelength, which may efficiently manipulate the states of light. However, their applications are often restricted by the bandwidth of the electromagnetic response of the metastructures. It is therefore essential to reassert the principles in constructing broadband electromagnetic metastructures. Herein, after summarizing the conventional approaches for achieving broadband electromagnetic functionality, some recent developments in realizing broadband electromagnetic response by dispersion compensation, nonresonant effects, and several trade‐off approaches are reviewed, followed by some perspectives for the future development of broadband metamaterials. It is anticipated that broadband metastructures will have even more substantial applications in optoelectronics, energy harvesting, and information technology.
Transparent Photothermal Heaters from a Soluble NIR‐Absorbing Diimmonium Salt
Authors: Han Minsu , Kim Byeonggwan , Lim Hanwhuy , Jang Hwandong , Kim Eunkyoung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile numerous near‐infrared (NIR) materials have emerged, most of them are strongly colored or black due to the absorption band or tails in the visible region. Here, a highly transparent and soluble NIR‐absorbing ionic salt, isobutyl‐substituted diimmonium borate (IDI), is synthesized and fabricated, through a solution process, as a thin film that shows a transmittance of over 93% in the whole visible region. A transparent photothermal (PT) film heater is fabricated with the IDI‐doped polymer solution, which shows a photothermal conversion efficiency (ηPT) of 75.2%. Additionally, the prepared PT heater shows a high water evaporation conversion efficiency (ηw) of 68.8% upon exposure to a 1064 nm laser. Furthermore, the transparent IDI film affords the development of a wireless transparent actuator for the first time, generating a bending angle over 75°, with over 2700 bending cycles. The transparent IDI film creates a hot transparent Venus flytrap and a colorful or fluorescent actuator upon the addition of colorants without losing the actuation properties.
Coordination Polymer to Atomically Thin, Holey, Metal‐Oxide Nanosheets for Tuning Band Alignment
Authors: Mofarah Sajjad S. , Adabifiroozjaei Esmaeil , Pardehkhorram Raheleh , Assadi M. Hussein N. , Hinterstein Manuel , Yao Yin , Liu Xinhong , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Mehmood Rashid , Cazorla Claudio , Shahmiri Reza , Bahmanrokh Ghazaleh , Bhattacharyya Saroj , Spadaro Maria Chiara , Arbiol Jordi , Lim Sean , Xu Yuwen , Arandiyan Hamidreza , Scott Jason , Koshy Pramod , Sorrell Charles C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHoley 2D metal oxides have shown great promise as functional materials for energy storage and catalysts. Despite impressive performance, their processing is challenged by the requirement of templates plus capping agents or high temperatures; these materials also exhibit excessive thicknesses and low yields. The present work reports a metal‐based coordination polymer (MCP) strategy to synthesize polycrystalline, holey, metal oxide (MO) nanosheets with thicknesses as low as two‐unit cells. The process involves rapid exfoliation of bulk‐layered, MCPs (Ce‐, Ti‐, Zr‐based) into atomically thin MCPs at room temperature, followed by transformation into holey 2D MOs upon the removal of organic linkers in aqueous solution. Further, this work represents an extra step for decorating the holey nanosheets using precursors of transition metals to engineer their band alignments, establishing a route to optimize their photocatalysis. The work introduces a simple, high‐yield, room‐temperature, and template‐free approach to synthesize ultrathin holey nanosheets with high‐level functionalities.
Challenges in Fluorescence Detection of Chemical Warfare Agent Vapors Using Solid‐State Films
Authors: Fan Shengqiang , Zhang Guanran , Dennison Genevieve H. , FitzGerald Nicholas , Burn Paul L. , Gentle Ian R. , Shaw Paul E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganophosphorus (OP)‐based nerve agents are extremely toxic and potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and recent attacks involving nerve agents highlight the need for fast detection and intervention. Fluorescence‐based detection, where the sensing material undergoes a chemical reaction with the agent causing a measurable change in the luminescence, is one method for sensing and identifying nerve agents. Most studies use the simulants diethylchlorophosphate and di‐iso‐propylfluorophosphate to evaluate the performance of sensors due to their reduced toxicity relative to OP nerve agents. While detection of nerve agent simulants in solution is relatively widely reported, there are fewer reports on vapor detection using solid‐state sensors. Herein, progress in organic semiconductor sensing materials developed for solid‐state detection of OP‐based nerve agent vapors is reviewed. The effect of acid impurities arising from the hydrolysis of simulants and nerve agents on the efficacy and selectivity of the reported sensing materials is also discussed. Indeed, in some cases it is unclear whether it is the simulant that is detected or the acid hydrolysis products. Finally, it is highlighted that while analyte diffusion into the sensing film is critical in the design of fast, responsive sensing systems, it is an area that is currently not well studied.
Flexible Ternary Resistive Memory from Organic Bulk Heterojunction
Authors: Zhao Yong‐Yan , Sun Wu‐Ji , Wang Min‐Gang , He Jing‐Hui , Lu Jian‐Mei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganic ternary resistive memory suffers from low device yield and wide writing voltage distribution and improvement through laborious molecular formula innovation is limited. Here, organic bulk heterojunction is employed as the active material in resistive random‐access memories (RRAMs). The ternary memory yield of the device reaches 58% when prepared by blending X55 (N2, 7‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)N2, N7‐bis (2‐spiro [fluorene‐9,9′‐oxanthracene]‐spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐oxanthracene]‐2,7‐diamine) and PCBM (1‐(3‐methoxycarbonyl)propyl‐1‐phenyl[6,6]C61) with a 1:1 molar ratio, which is the highest yield among all prepared devices including pure X55, PCBM, or layer‐by‐layer stacking of X55 and PCBM. Furthermore, the mixture could be made on a flexible substrate and has sufficient toughness to sustain its memory performance after 5000 bending cycles or a bending angle of 62°. This work provokes new thinking about future material design and selection with donor–acceptor bulk heterojunction use in potential wearable RRAM devices.
Cactus‐Inspired Conical Spines with Oriented Microbarbs for Efficient Fog Harvesting
Authors: Yi Shengzhu , Wang Jian , Chen Zhipeng , Liu Bin , Ren Lei , Liang Liang , Jiang Lelun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn nature, cacti use conical spines with oriented microbarbs and hydrophilic trichomes as an effective fog harvesting system. However, the fabrication dilemma of complex cactus‐inspired conical spines with oriented microbarbs limits their applications. Here, a magnetorheological drawing lithography (MRDL) method is developed to additively manufacture 3D cactus‐inspired conical spines with/without oriented microbarbs on a superhydrophilic porous substrate for efficient fog harvesting. Cactus‐inspired conical spines with/without microbarbs exhibit spontaneous and continuous deposition, coalescence, transport, and absorption of fog water. The strategy of the cactus‐inspired conical spine with backward barbs on a superhydrophilic porous substrate can significantly speed up unidirectional transport of water drops and achieve a higher fog‐harvesting efficiency. These properties are mainly attributed to the cooperation effect of the Laplace pressure gradient generated from the conical shape of the spine and microbarbs, the capillary pressure arising from the concave meniscus between the spine and backward barbs, and the wettability of a superhydrophilic porous substrate. This robust strategy has tremendous potential for application in high‐efficient fog harvesting, liquid manipulation, and microfluidics.
Blue‐Pumped Deep Ultraviolet Lasing from Lanthanide‐Doped Lu6O5F8 Upconversion Nanocrystals
Authors: Du Yangyang , Wang Yunfeng , Deng Zhiqin , Chen Xian , Yang Xueqing , Sun Tianying , Zhang Xin , Zhu Guangyu , Yu Siu Fung , Wang Feng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDeep ultraviolet (UV) lasers are essential for enormous use ranging from medical and life science to environmental and industrial applications. Herein, a class of blue‐pumped microcavity lasers operating in the deep UV region is demonstrated by using Lu6O5F8:Pr/Gd@Lu6O5F8 upconversion nanocrystals as the gain medium. A hot‐injection synthesis is developed for tuning dimensions of the Lu6O5F8 nanocrystals. By synthesizing large‐sized nanocrystals and using inert shell coating, deep ultraviolet emission at 315 nm by blue excitation at 447 nm is realized for the first time in colloidal solutions. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the upconversion stems from sequential absorption of two blue photons by Pr3+ ions followed by energy transfer to Gd3+ emitters. By virtue of their small particle size and high dispersibility, the upconversion nanocrystals are readily incorporated into silica resin microcavities with a bottle‐like geometry. Lasing emissions of tunable optical characteristics are achieved from the microcavities through the formation of whispering gallery modes. These findings pave the way for constructing compact lasers operating in the deep UV regime by pumping with sophisticated long‐wavelength lasers.
Tunable Dynamic Topological Defect Pattern Formation in Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kim MinSu , Serra Francesca 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSoft materials are ideal candidates for the creation of tunable, self‐assembled structures. Herein, reconfigurable and switchable dynamic patterns are created using topological defects in nematic liquid crystals. The elastic properties of liquid crystals combined with their responsiveness to electric field are used to control the periodicity and the symmetry of an array of topological defects, assisted by polymeric micropillars. The switching between stable configurations is perfectly reversible and repeatable, and there is no limitation on the length scale of the regular array of defects. The array is used to create 2D diffraction patterns that can be tuned both in the azimuthal and in the polar directions. In addition, the refractive index of the liquid crystal mixture is controlled to optimize the diffraction efficiency. This system, with its flexibility and controllability, offers a promising route for the design of patters with arbitrary symmetry that can be employed in optics and reversible self‐assembly.
Evolution of N‐Heterocycle‐Substituted Iodoarenes (NHIAs) to Efficient Organocatalysts in Iodine(I/III)‐Mediated Oxidative Transformations
Authors: Boelke Andreas , Nachtsheim Boris J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe reactivity of ortho‐functionalized N‐heterocycle‐substituted iodoarenes (NHIAs) as organocatalysts in iodine(I/III)‐mediated oxidations was systematically investigated in the α‐tosyloxylation of ketones as the model reaction. During a systematic catalyst evolution, it was found that NH‐triazoles and benzoxazoles have the most significant positive influence on the reactivity of the central iodine atom. A further catalyst improvement which focused on the substitution pattern of the arene revealed a remarkable ortho‐effect. By introduction of an o‐OMe group we were able to generate a novel NHIA with a so far unseen catalytic efficiency. This new catalyst is not only easy to synthesize but also enabled the α‐tosyloxylation of carbonyl compounds at the lowest reported catalyst loading of only 1 mol%. Finally, the performance of this iodine(I) catalyst was successfully demonstrated in intramolecular oxidative couplings of biphenyls and oxidative rearrangements.magnified image
Unraveling the Voltage Decay Phenomenon in Li‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathode of No Oxygen Activity
Authors: Li Ning , Hwang Sooyeon , Sun Meiling , Fu Yanbao , Battaglia Vincent S. , Su Dong , Tong Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExtensive efforts have been devoted to unraveling the true cause of voltage decay in Li, Mn‐rich layered oxides. An initial consensus was reached on structural rearrangement, then leaned toward the newly discovered lattice oxygen activity. It is challenging to differentiate their explicit roles because these events typically coexist during the electrochemical reaction of most Li‐rich layered oxides. Here, the voltage decay behavior is probed in Li1.2Ni0.2Ru0.6O2, a structurally and electrochemically relevant compound to Li, Mn‐rich layered oxide, but of no oxygen activity. Such intriguing characteristics allow the explicit decoupling of the contribution of transition metal migration and lattice oxygen activity to voltage decay in Li‐rich layered oxides. The results demonstrate that the microstructural evolution, mainly originating from transition metal migration, is a direct cause of voltage decay, and lattice oxygen activity likely accelerates the decay.
Quantitative determination of pore‐structure change and permeability estimation under hydrate phase transition by NMR
Authors: Kuang Yangmin , Zhang Lunxiang , Song Yongchen , Yang Lei , Zhao Jiafei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQuantitatively characterizing the seepage features is critical important for multi‐fluid flow in gas hydrate accumulations; however, limited researches concern water permeability during hydrate phase transition. In this work, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement is employed to observe the in situ formation and dissociation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate in porous media. Results indicate that the relative free water and bound water consumption during hydrate phase transition can affect the seepage features of sediments. In addition, we investigate the growth habits of THF hydrate in quartz glass sand and find the growth pattern of the hydrate transforms from suspension to cementation when its saturation exceeds approximately 35%. The Tokyo model shows that the hydrate are heterogeneous distribution of pore‐filling and likely to evolve in larger pores; The findings clearly show that NMR is an efficient and direct technique for investigating the seepage characteristics during hydrate phase transition as well as pore fluid distribution in sediments.
Weight gain velocity in infants with achondroplasia
Authors: Buratti Madeleine E. , Eickhoff Jens , Modaff Peggy , Pauli Richard M. , Legare Janet M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere are virtually no data regarding appropriate oral intake in infants with dwarfing disorders such as achondroplasia, nor is there clear information regarding appropriate weight gain velocity in this population. Yet, these individuals are at increased risk for both early failure to thrive and, later in life, for obesity. Having appropriate expectations regarding weight gain and reasonable goals in management is imperative. We sought to clarify the rate of weight gain in infants with achondroplasia during the first year of life through analysis of data from 60 infants with achondroplasia seen at least twice during the first year of life in the Midwest Regional Bone Dysplasia Clinic, University of Wisconsin‐Madison between 1998 and 2018. The mean weight gain velocity during the first 3 months was 23 g/day which contrasts with 30 g/day in average statured infants. Mean weight gain from 0 to 12 months of age was 13 g/day. The 3% of weight gain velocity during the first year of life was 8 g/day, and this rate did not differ between 0–3 months and 0–12 months of age. Infants with achondroplasia slightly more than doubled their birth weights by 1 year of age in contrast to averaged statured infants who typically triple birth weights by 1 year. Infants with achondroplasia can be thriving but erroneously assessed as failing to thrive if the incorrect reference values are used. This article describes infant weight gain velocity reference data for this population.
Cyclopropanation of Fluorinated Sulfur Ylides with 1‐Azadienes: Facile Synthesis of CF3‐Substituted Spiro Scaffolds
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhang Ye , Fu Zhenqian , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn efficient strategy for the synthesis of CF3‐substituted spiro scaffolds has been developed via cyclopropanation of fluorinated sulfur ylides with 1‐azadienes under mild conditions. A structurally diverse set of spiro benzofuranylidene cyclopropanes and spiro indenylidene cyclopropanes have been constructed in good to excellent yields with good to excellent diastereoselectivities.
Australian employment services: Help or hindrance in the achievement of mutual obligation?
Authors: O’Halloran David , Farnworth Louise , Thomacos Nikos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe concept of mutual obligation underpins Australian employment services. In return for receiving income support, there are three elements of mutual obligation: to actively seek work; to improve one’s competitiveness in the labour market; and to contribute to the community. Failing to undertake mutual obligation activities results in sanctions, usually unemployment benefit suspension or cancellation. In the year 2017/18, one mutual obligation activity, compulsory employment service provider appointments, accounted for more than 93 per cent of sanctions. The study reported here explores unemployed and recently employed workers’ experiences of appointments and their attitudes to the concept of mutual obligation. The findings are that unemployed workers say appointments have little utility for advancing elements of mutual obligation and are psychologically harmful. Non‐attendance may be a form of self‐protection although seeking a medical exemption or dropping out of the system altogether also appears to be a common self‐protection strategy. We also find that non‐attendance at appointments cannot be conflated with a negative attitude to mutual obligation and that unemployed workers want services that are effective and psychologically positive to help them to fulfil their mutual obligations.
A viable care migration programme for Australia's ageing population: Recruiting migrant personal care workers for Australian aged care
Authors: Morrison‐Dayan Rachel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractScholars and stakeholders alike have proposed the recruiting of migrant personal care workers as part of a strategy to respond to a prospective aged care deficit in Australia's ageing population. In recent years, there has been an increase in care migration to fulfil shortages among Australia's culturally and linguistically diverse and more remotely based populations. However, it is a difficult and resource‐intensive process to recruit migrant personal care workers under the labour agreement stream of the Temporary Skills Shortage visa. This article addresses the lacuna in existing literature dealing with the question of how Australia's migration framework ought to be structured to recruit migrant personal care workers as part of a strategy to prevent, or respond to, an aged care crisis. The article argues that the formation of an aged care industry labour agreement based on geographical and niche subsector labour market need is necessary to ensure the accessibility of the programme to aged care organisations. However, it is also argued that the introduction of a new low‐skill visa would better facilitate the recruitment of migrant personal care workers.