bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug‐drug interaction between warfarin and statins: A Danish cohort study
Authors: Engell Anna E. , Svendsen Andreas L.O. , Lind Bent S. , Andersen Christen L. , Andersen John S. , Willadsen Tora G. , Persson Frederik , Pottegård Anton 
Published: June 2020

Initiation of statin treatment is suggested to increase the international normalised ratio (INR) among warfarin users. However, available data is limited and conflicting. We conducted a register‐based cohort study to evaluate the drug‐drug interaction between warfarin and statins.By linking data on INR measurements and filled prescriptions, we identified warfarin users 2000‐2015 initiating simvastatin (n = 1363), atorvastatin (n = 165) or rosuvastatin (n = 23). Simvastatin initiation led to an increase in mean INR from 2.40 to 2.71, with INRs peaking after 4 weeks, corresponding to a mean change of 0.32 (95%CI 0.25‐0.38). High‐dose and low‐dose simvastatin led to comparable changes (mean change 0.33 vs 0.29). Initiation of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin lead to INR increases of 0.27 (95%CI 0.12‐0.42) and 0.30 (95%CI ‐0.09‐0.69).In conclusion, initiation of simvastatin, atorvastatin or rosuvastatin among warfarin users led to a minor increase in INR. The magnitude of this change is for most patients likely of limited clinical relevance.
Low arginine vasopressin levels in patients with diabetes insipidus are not associated with anaemia
Authors: Winzeler Bettina , Morin Benedict , Refardt Julie , Imber Cornelia , Fenske Wiebke , Sailer Clara O. , Holbro Andreas , Christ‐Crain Mirjam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveArginine vasopressin (AVP) is released upon osmotic stimulation or hypovolaemia in order to maintain water balance. A recent study showed a role of AVP in haematopoiesis by stimulating red blood cell precursors, suggesting a higher risk of anaemia in patients with AVP deficiency.The objective was to explore the effect of low AVP levels in patients with central diabetes insipidus (cDI) and primary polydipsia (PP) on haemoglobin and the prevalence of anaemia.MethodsA total of 164 patients with either cDI (70, 43%) or PP (94, 57%) and 30 healthy volunteers from two prospective diagnostic studies performed in Switzerland, Germany and Brazil were studied. A standardized clinical and biochemical (eg copeptin, full blood count) assessment was performed. Haemoglobin and haematocrit levels and prevalence of anaemia (defined as haemoglobin values of <120 g/L in women and <130 g/L in men) were analysed.ResultsMean copeptin values were 2.63 pmol/L (±1.08) and 3.91 pmol/L (±4.28) in patients with cDI and PP and 24.76 pmol/L (±5.75) in healthy volunteers, P = .02. The prevalence of anaemia was low in all participants with 7.1%, 2.2% and 10% in cDI, PP and in healthy volunteers, P = .15. Mean haemoglobin values were similar in all groups: 139 g/L (±15.85), 140 g/L (±13.16) and 139 g/L (±13.05) in patients with cDI, PP and healthy volunteers, P = .90, as were mean haematocrit values with 41% in all groups (P = .85).ConclusionChronic low AVP levels in patients with cDI and PP do not affect haemoglobin levels and prevalence of anaemia.
Comparative meta‐analysis of Kabuki syndrome with and without hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
Authors: Hoermann Henrike , El‐Rifai Omar , Schebek Martin , Lodefalk Maria , Brusgaard Klaus , Bachmann Nadine , Bergmann Carsten , Roeper Marcia , Welters Alena , Salimi Dafsari Roschan , Blankenstein Oliver , Mayatepek Ertan , Christesen Henrik , Meissner Thomas , Kummer Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveKabuki syndrome (KS), caused by pathogenic variants in KMT2D or KDM6A, is associated with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) in 0.3%‐4% of patients. We characterized the clinical, biochemical and molecular data of children with KS and HH compared to children with KS without HH in a multicentre meta‐analysis.MethodsData of seven new and 17 already published children with KS and HH were compared to 373 recently published KS patients without HH regarding molecular and clinical characteristics.ResultsSeven new patients were identified with seven different pathogenic variants in KDM6A (n = 4) or KMT2D (n = 3). All presented with HH on the first day of life and were responsive to diazoxide. KS was diagnosed between 9 months and 14 years of age. In the meta‐analysis, 24 KS patients with HH had a significantly higher frequency of variants in KDM6A compared to 373 KS patients without HH (50% vs 11.5%, P < .001), and KDM6A‐KS was more likely to be associated with HH than KMT2D‐KS (21.8% vs. 3.5%, P < .001). Sex distribution and other phenotypic features did not differ between KS with and without HH.ConclusionThe higher incidence of HH in KDM6A‐KS compared to KMT2D‐KS indicates that KDM6A loss of function variants predispose more specifically to beta cell dysfunction compared to KMT2D variants. As difficulties to assign syndromic characteristics to KS in early infancy often lead to delayed diagnosis, genetic testing for KS should be considered in children with HH, especially in the presence of other extrapancreatic/syndromic features.
Acceptance of a meal kit programme in an outpatient paediatric weight management clinic: A qualitative pilot study
Authors: Oberle Megan M. , Loth Katie A. , Schendel Anne , Fox Claudia K. , Gross Amy C. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryLack of food preparation knowledge, time to prepare meals and concerns about fruit and vegetable spoilage before consumption are the potential barriers to home cooking. These barriers may be addressed by meal kits (bundles of recipes and ingredients). We described home cooking barriers and evaluated acceptability of meal kits, using semi‐structured focus groups with caregivers and adolescent patients of an outpatient paediatric weight management clinic. One meal kit per family, containing non‐perishable food, a $20 gift card to a grocery store and recipes designed by clinic dietician for two meals, were given at clinic appointments. Two in‐person semi‐structured focus groups were conducted within 2 weeks of meal kit receipt. Four adolescent participants (75% female; 12.7 ± 0.9 years) and eight caregivers (88% female) participated in the focus groups. Four barriers to home cooking were identified: (a) healthy food cost, (b) preparation time, (c) food preparation knowledge and (d) picky eaters. Participants felt the meal kits addressed the time and lack of food preparation knowledge barriers to home cooking. A clinical meal kit programme was acceptable to a treatment‐seeking adolescent population with obesity and their caregivers.
Impaired dexamethasone resorption in two patients with pseudo‐Cushing after bariatric surgery: Implications for immunosuppressive treatment
Authors: Humpert Per M. , Samigullin Azat , Lindner Andre , Weihrauch Julia , Oikonomou Dimitrios , Metzner Cornelia , Böttcher Knut A. , Morcos Michael 
Published: June 2020

SummaryTwo cases of middle‐aged female patients treated by gastric bypass surgery for weight loss presented to our clinic for a follow‐up examination 3‐6 months after the surgical procedure (a mini gastric bypass and a modified single anastomosis sleeve‐ileostomy). In both patients increased ACTH levels and either high serum cortisol or an increased urinary cortisol excretion was apparent and triggered further endocrine testing. Serum cortisol could not be suppressed adequately by 2 and 4 mg dexamethasone in the standardized oral overnight suppression test while midnight salivary cortisol dropped well below the desired cut‐off. This led to the hypothesis of an impaired dexamethasone resorption and could be further substantiated by suppression of serum cortisol below the cut‐off by an intravenous dexamethasone application. The data presented point to an impairment of enteral synthetic corticosteroid resorption in patients after gastric bypass surgery and could be of importance for individuals in need for immunosuppressive treatment. In view of the growing number of bariatric procedures, pharmacokinetics of corticosteroids and other drugs should be tested in clinical trials.
A conservation science agenda for a changing Upper Midwest and Great Plains, United States
Authors: Ahlering Marissa A. , Cornett Meredith , Blann Kristen , White Mark , Lenhart Christian , Dixon Cami , Dudash Michele R. , Johnson Lucinda , Keeler Bonnie , Palik Brian , Pastor John , Sterner Robert W. , Shaw Doug , Biske Richard , Feeken Neal , Manolis James , Possingham Hugh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe long‐term well‐being of both people and nature is achievable, assuming major changes in resource distribution and consumption at a global level. This optimistic outlook for the world requires rapid identification of major knowledge gaps that would undermine our ability to achieve a sustainable future if left unaddressed locally and regionally. Our goal was to identify the science needs that would make the biggest contribution to sustaining human society and natural systems in the Upper Midwest and Great Plains, United States. We engaged an interdisciplinary group of scientists and practitioners in an iterative exploration and prioritization process. The resulting list of 50 research questions identified science gaps for strategy implementation to achieve conservation success. Of the original list, 17 questions ranked as highly important in the region. These 17 questions constitute a conservation science agenda for the region. We call for alignment around this common agenda and a concerted, multidisciplinary approach to addressing these priority scientific needs.
The Covid‐19 ‘infodemic’: a new front for information professionals
Authors: Naeem Salman Bin , Bhatti Rubina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe virus, commonly known as COVID‐19 which emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has spread in 213 countries, areas or territories around the globe, with nearly 144 683 deaths worldwide on 18 April 2020. In the wake of this pandemic, we have witnessed a massive infodemic with the public being bombarded with vast quantities of information, much of which is not scientifically correct. Fighting fake news is now the new front in the COVID‐19 battle. This regular feature comments on the role of health sciences librarians and information professionals in combating the COVID‐19 infodemic. To support their work, it draws attention to the myth busters, fact‐checkers and credible sources relating to COVID‐19. It also documents the guides that libraries have put together to help the general public, students and faculty recognise fake news.
Development of precursor ceramics using organic silicon polymer
Authors: Ishikawa Toshihiro , Usukawa Ryutaro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper relates to the Bridge Building Award, which was presented to the author (Toshihiro Ishikawa) by the American Ceramic Society on 27 January 2020. We have developed many types of functional ceramics using polycarbosilane as a raw material. Since 1983, several grades of SiC‐based fibers have been produced from polycarbosilane by Ube Industries, Ltd. Of these grades, we developed the highest heat‐resistant SiC‐polycrystalline fiber (Tyranno SA), which can withstand up to 2000°C, using an organic silicon polymer (poly‐aluminocarbosilane) containing a small amount of aluminum as a precursor material. By employing curing (in air) and firing (in nitrogen atmosphere at 1300°C) processes using the precursor fiber, an amorphous fiber (Si‐Al‐C‐O fiber) containing a small amount of aluminum was obtained; subsequent heat treatment at higher temperatures (~2000°C) in argon atmosphere led to carbothermal reduction (SiO2 + 3C SiC + 2CO(g)) and a sintering process, producing the abovementioned SiC‐polycrystalline fiber (Tyranno SA). In the same year, using the same raw precursor fiber (Si‐Al‐C‐O fiber), we also developed a new type of tough, thermally conductive SiC composite (SA‐Tyrannohex) with high strength up to 1600°C in air. This ceramic consists of a highly ordered, close‐packed structure of very fine hexagonal columnar SiC‐polycrystalline fibers with a thin interfacial carbon layer between them. Further, by using the polycarbosilane as a starting material, we successfully developed a strong photocatalytic fiber (TiO2/SiO2 fiber) with a gradient surface layer composed of TiO2‐nanocrystals, making the best use of controlled phase separation (bleed‐out) of additives (titanium (IV) tert‐butoxide) contained in polycarbosilane. In this paper, the story of the development of these materials and the subsequent progress will be described along with the historical background.
The antiviral effects of baloxavir marboxil against influenza A virus infection in ferrets
Authors: Kitano Mitsutaka , Matsuzaki Takanobu , Oka Ryoko , Baba Kaoru , Noda Takahiro , Yoshida Yuki , Sato Kenji , Kiyota Kohei , Mizutare Tohru , Yoshida Ryu , Sato Akihiko , Kamimori Hiroshi , Shishido Takao , Naito Akira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBaloxavir marboxil (BXM), the oral prodrug of baloxavir acid (BXA), greatly reduces virus titers as well as influenza symptoms of uncomplicated influenza in patients.ObjectivesTo investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of BXA and its efficacy against influenza A virus infection in ferrets.MethodsFerrets were dosed orally with BXM (10 and 30 mg/kg twice daily for 1 day), oseltamivir phosphate (OSP) (5 mg/kg twice daily for 2 days) or vehicle to measure the antiviral effects of BXM and OSP. The pharmacokinetic parameters of BXA was determined after single oral dosing of BXM.ResultsThe maximum plasma concentrations of BXA were observed at 1.50 and 2.00 hours with the two BXM doses, which then declined with an elimination half‐life of 6.91 and 4.44 hours, respectively. BXM at both doses remained detectable in the plasma in ferrets, which may be due to higher stability in liver microsomes. BXM (10 and 30 mg/kg twice daily) treatment at Day 1 post‐infection (p.i.) reduced virus titers by ≥3 log10 of the 50% tissue culture infective doses by Day 2, which was significantly different compared with vehicle or OSP. Body temperature drops over time were significantly greater with BXM than with vehicle or OSP. Significant reduction in virus titers was also demonstrated when BXM was administrated after symptom onset at Day 2 p.i. compared with vehicle and OSP, although body temperature changes largely overlapped between Day 2 and Day 4.ConclusionsThe results highlight the rapid antiviral action of BXM with post‐exposure prophylaxis or therapeutic dosing in ferrets and offer support for further research on prevention of influenza virus infection and transmission.
Cumulative incidence of post‐infection asthma or wheezing among young children clinically diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus infection in the United States: A retrospective database analysis
Authors: Nguyen‐Van‐Tam Jonathan , Wyffels Veronique , Smulders Maartje , Mazumder Debasish , Tyagi Rohit , Gupta Nikhil , Gavart Sandra , Fleischhackl Roman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is implicated in subsequent development of asthma/wheezing (AW) among term and pre‐term infants. We describe the cumulative incidence of AW among hospitalized and ambulatory neonates/infants/toddlers following RSV infection diagnosis over three independent follow‐up periods.MethodsBetween January 1, 2007 and March 31, 2016, patients aged 0‐2 years old with first clinical diagnosis of RSV infection were identified using the Optum® integrated electronic health records and claims database. Patients diagnosed with AW ≤ 30 days post‐RSV diagnosis were excluded. Three cohorts with 1, 3, and 5 years of follow‐up were stratified by presence or absence of specific RSV high‐risk factors, including pre‐term birth and pre‐defined, pre‐existing comorbidities. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression results were reported.ResultsOverall, 9811, 4524, and 1788 RSV‐infected high‐risk factor negative patients were included in 1, 3, and 5‐year independent cohorts, respectively. Of these, 6.5%, 6.9%, and 5.8%, respectively had RSV‐related hospitalization. By the end of follow‐up, 14.9%, 28.2%, and 36.3% had AW events. Overall, 3030, 1378, and 552 RSV‐infected high‐risk factor positive patients were included in the respective cohorts. Of these, 11.4%, 11.1%, and 11.6%, respectively were hospitalized with initial RSV infection and 18.1%, 32.9%, and 37.9% had subsequent AW events within the follow‐up period. Logistic regression confirmed RSV‐related hospitalization significantly increased the likelihood of developing AW (P < .05) in high‐risk factor positive and negative patients.ConclusionsIn infants diagnosed with RSV infection, RSV‐related hospitalization was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of AW development for at least 5 years, compared with non‐hospitalized patients.
Late Neolithic Stenildgård Grave: Re-Excavated, Re-Analysed and Re-Interpreted
Authors: Nielsen Bjarne Henning , Christensen Tina E. , Moltsen Annine , Frei Karin Margarita , Reiter Samantha , Mortensen Morten Fischer , Henriksen Peter Steen , Christensen Mads Chr. , Gyldenløve Kåre 
Published: June 2020

Occasionally, it becomes possible to re-excavate and reanalyse prehistoric monuments. Within the geographical area managed by Vesthimmerlands Museum, this happened in the case of the Late Neolithic Stenildgård grave on the western periphery of the town of Aars, Northern Danmark. The grave was excavated for the first time at the early 1930s and re-excavated in 2015 in connection with the construction of a ring road around the southern parts of Aars. In 2015, a series of state-of-the-art scientific analyses were conducted in relation to this grave.Following a detailed presentation of the original publication and later interpretations, this article presents the results of the new excavation and scientific analyses. The new results include identifi cation of the human bones, the development of the stratigraphy, strontium isotope analysis, pollen analysis, macro-fossil analysis, and the analysis of pitch.Since the 1930s, the Stenildgård grave has been considered a burial, which, to a great extent, deviated from usual practice showing one of the earliest examples of cremation in prehistoric Denmark. Furthermore, the recent investigation revealed that the grave was equipped with a surrounding wooden structure and possibly influenced by West European Bell Beaker Cultures. Also, the grave seems to form part of an extensive Late Neolithic burial and settlement system, where complex rituals were carried out.
The origin of the endemic African grasshopper family Lentulidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) and its climate‐induced diversification
Authors: Hemp Claudia , Scherer Carola , Brandl Roland , Pinkert Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimForest relicts in the mountainous regions of Africa represent one of the most diverse ecosystems on our planet, but the processes that have generated this remarkable diversity are still poorly understood. We estimate divergence times for an endemic, flightless grasshopper family and reconstruct a potential scenario for their colonization of Africa to test the hypothesis that the diversity of these mountain‐top endemics has been generated by multiple fragmentations and reconnections of tropical rain forests in parallel with climatic fluctuations.LocationSub‐Saharan Africa.TaxonLentulidae (Orthoptera).MethodsWe inferred the phylogeny of 7 genera and 28 species of the Lentulidae based on COI, 16S and Histone 3 sequences by using a Bayesian approach and we also estimated divergence dates. Based on our molecular phylogeny as well as the available information on the relationship of six additional genera and local occurrence records for 120 lentulid species across Africa, we reconstruct a potential colonization scenario for most species of this group.ResultsOur findings indicate that the forest‐bound lentulids of East Africa represent a monophyletic group that originates from South Africa. We show that major splits in the phylogeny of the Lentulidae coincide with three known fragmentation events of the African rain forests (27, 16 and 9 Ma) and that lentulids subsequently diversified rapidly in parallel with the aridification and strong geological activity in East Africa.Main conclusionsOur results corroborate the diversification patterns reported for several endemic African forest‐bound animal taxa at small scales and endemic African plant taxa at larger scales, highlighting the finding that much of the biodiversity presently found in the forest relicts of the Eastern Arc Mountains biodiversity hotspot has been generated by the interplay between humid periods that allowed the spread of forest‐bound lineages across Africa and periods of aridity‐driven isolation of forests and their associated fauna.
Transforming the coal and steel nexus for China's eco‐civilization: Interplay between rail and energy infrastructure
Authors: Zhang Qian , Kennedy Christopher , Wang Tao , Wei Wendong , Li Jiashuo , Shi Lei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChina's 2050 high renewable energy penetration (HREP) scenario is a roadmap for deep decarbonization. This promising strategy, deploying wind and solar energy, will also reshape other infrastructure sectors. With decarbonization, not only can capital be diverted away from fossil fuel infrastructure toward green power generation, but considerable savings in future transport infrastructure sectors could be achieved because fossil fuels no longer need to be transported. Here, we conduct a material flow analysis with a focus on the central role of transportation to examine the interlinkages of coal and steel flows in China's infrastructure sectors between 1985, 2015, and 2050. We define the coal and steel nexus to be a system perspective that captures the interdependence and the critical linkages between these two resources. Our results show that the coal and steel nexus in China strengthened in the past three decades but could face transitional changes to 2050. The peak time of both coal and steel demand for China is expected to come before 2030. Consequentially, the volume of rail freight for the carriage of three main types of bulk cargo (coal, iron ores, and steel products) declines from ∼2,000 megatons (Mt) in 2015 to ∼700 Mt in 2050 under the HREP scenario with the two‐fold planned growth of railway infrastructure. However, investment in cleaner energy and steelmaking technologies will help China mainly rely on secondary steel resources to maintain domestic demand in 2050, further reducing the demand for coal and iron ores.