bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Vertical Mixing in Coastal Upwelling Systems Driven by Diurnal‐Inertial Resonance: Numerical Experiments
Authors: Fearon Giles , Herbette Steven , Veitch Jennifer , Cambon Gildas , Lucas Andrew J. , Lemarié Florian , Vichi Marcello 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe land‐sea breeze is resonant with the inertial response of the ocean at the critical latitude of 30°N/S. 1‐D vertical numerical experiments were undertaken to study the key drivers of enhanced diapycnal mixing in coastal upwelling systems driven by diurnal‐inertial resonance near the critical latitude. The effect of the land boundary was implicitly included in the model through the “Craig approximation” for first‐order cross‐shore surface elevation gradient response. The model indicates that for shallow water depths (<∼100 m), bottom shear stresses must be accounted for in the formulation of the “Craig approximation,” as they serve to enhance the cross‐shore surface elevation gradient response, while reducing shear and mixing at the thermocline. The model was able to predict the observed temperature and current features during an upwelling/mixing event in 60 m water depth in St Helena Bay (∼32.5°S, southern Benguela), indicating that the locally forced response to the land‐sea breeze is a key driver of diapycnal mixing over the event. Alignment of the subinertial Ekman transport with the surface inertial oscillation produces shear spikes at the diurnal‐inertial frequency; however their impact on mixing is secondary when compared with the diurnal‐inertial resonance phenomenon. The amplitude of the diurnal anticyclonic rotary component of the wind stress represents a good diagnostic for the prediction of diapycnal mixing due to diurnal‐inertial resonance. The local enhancement of this quantity over St Helena Bay provides strong evidence for the importance of the land‐sea breeze in contributing to primary production in this region through nutrient enrichment of the surface layer.
A New Tectonic Model for the 1927M8.0 Gulang Earthquake on the NE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Guo Peng , Han Zhujun , Gao Fan , Zhu Chuanhua , Gai Hailong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe rupture patterns of large earthquakes in transpressional systems can provide important information for understanding oblique motion and strain partitioning between tectonic blocks. The 1927M8.0 Gulang earthquake occurred on the transpressional boundary between the Tibetan and Gobi‐Alashan blocks. Our results, combined with those of previous studies show that the Lenglongling fault (LLLF) and Southern Wuwei Basin fault (SWBF) have both ruptured during the Gulang earthquake, but they exhibited different motions. An ~120‐km‐long surface rupture zone formed along the LLLF, with a left‐lateral strike‐slip motion and a coseismic horizontal offset of ~2.4–7.5 m. Bending, bifurcation, and change of the slip sense occurs at both ends of the fault. An ~42‐km‐long rupture zone formed along the SWBF, with a coseismic vertical offset of ~0.6–2.8 m. Thus, the Gulang earthquake is a complex rupture event where strike‐slip and thrust faults ruptured simultaneously. Analysis of deep and shallow structures and three‐dimensional finite‐element modeling reveal that the north dipping LLLF and the SWBF may converge downward to a low‐angle décollement, accommodating the strike‐slip and thrust motions during the earthquake, respectively. This pattern of deformation partitioning is similar to some other earthquakes where oblique block convergence is generally partitioned into strike‐slip motion on steeply dipping faults and vertical motion on gently dipping faults. Our study also suggests that the strain partitioning pattern in the NE Tibetan Plateau may be controlled by changes of the regional principal compressive stress directions and fault geometry at depth.
Pangea Rifting Shaped the East Antarctic Landscape
Authors: Maritati Alessandro , Danišík Martin , Halpin Jacqueline A. , Whittaker Joanne M. , Aitken Alan R. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEast Antarctica remains one of the few continental regions on Earth where an understanding of the origin and causal processes responsible for topographic relief is largely missing. Low‐temperature thermochronology studies of exposed Precambrian basement revealed discrete episodes of cooling and denudation during the Paleozoic–Mesozoic; however, the significance of these thermal events and their relationship to topography across the continental interior remains unclear. Here we use zircon and apatite (U‐Th)/He thermochronology to resolve the low‐temperature thermal evolution of a poorly exposed section of East Antarctic basement in the Bunger Hills region and gain insights into the chronology and style of landscape evolution across East Antarctica. Thermal history modeling results indicate that Precambrian basement in the Bunger Hills region experienced a distinct cooling episode during the Late Paleozoic–Triassic, which we relate to ~2–4 km of regional exhumation associated with intracontinental rifting, followed by a second episode of localized cooling and ≤1 km exhumation during the Late Jurassic–Cretaceous separation of India from East Gondwana. These findings, combined with existing thermochronological and tectonic evidence, support a continent‐scale denudation event associated with uplift and exhumation of large sections of Precambrian basement during Late Paleozoic–Triassic Pangea‐wide intracontinental extension. By contrast, continental extension associated with the Jurassic–Cretaceous breakup of East Gondwana resulted in significant denudation only locally in regions west of the Bunger Hills. We propose that the combined effects of these Paleozoic–Mesozoic tectonic events had a profound impact on the topography across the East Antarctic interior and influenced the long‐term landscape evolution of East Antarctica.
The RDoC approach for translational psychiatry: Could a genetic disorder with psychiatric symptoms help fill the matrix? the example of Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Salles Juliette , Lacassagne Emmanuelle , Benvegnu Grégoire , Berthoumieu Sophie Çabal , Franchitto Nicolas , Tauber Maithé 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Research Domain Criteria project (RDoc) proposes a new classification system based on information from several fields in order to encourage translational perspectives. Nevertheless, integrating genetic markers into this classification has remained difficult because of the lack of powerful associations between targeted genes and RDoC domains. We hypothesized that genetic diseases with psychiatric manifestations would be good models for RDoC gene investigations and would thereby extend the translational approach to involve targeted gene pathways. To explore this possibility, we reviewed the current knowledge on Prader–Willi syndrome, a genetic disorder caused by the absence of expression of some of the genes of the chromosome 15q11–13 region inherited from the father. Indeed, we found that the associations between genes of the PW locus and the modification identified in the relevant behavioral, physiological, and brain imaging studies followed the structure of the RDoC matrix and its six domains (positive valence, negative valence, social processing, cognitive systems, arousal/regulatory systems, and sensorimotor systems).
Early-life stress induces EAAC1 expression reduction and attention-deficit and depressive behaviors in adolescent rats
Authors: Kim Han-Byeol , Yoo Ji-Young , Yoo Seung-Yeon , Suh Sang Won , Lee Seoul , Park Ji Hye , Lee Jun-Ho , Baik Tai-Kyoung , Kim Hye-Sun , Woo Ran-Sook 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeonatal maternal separation (NMS), as an early-life stress (ELS), is a risk factor to develop emotional disorders. However, the exact mechanisms remain to be defined. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in developing emotional disorders caused by NMS. First, we confirmed that NMS provoked impulsive behavior, orienting and nonselective attention-deficit, abnormal grooming, and depressive-like behaviors in adolescence. Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is an excitatory amino acid transporter expressed specifically by neurons and is the route for the neuronal uptake of glutamate/aspartate/cysteine. Compared with that in the normal control group, EAAC1 expression was remarkably reduced in the ventral hippocampus and cerebral cortex in the NMS group. Additionally, EAAC1 expression was reduced in parvalbumin-positive hippocampal GABAergic neurons in the NMS group. We also found that EAAC1-knockout (EAAC1−/−) mice exhibited impulsive-like, nonselective attention-deficit, and depressive-like behaviors compared with WT mice in adolescence, characteristics similar to those of the NMS behavior phenotype. Taken together, our results revealed that ELS induced a reduction in EAAC1 expression, suggesting that reduced EAAC1 expression is involved in the pathophysiology of attention-deficit and depressive behaviors in adolescence caused by NMS.
Clinical Characteristics of Primary Hypophysitis – A Single-Centre Series of 60 Cases
Authors: Amereller Felix , Küppers Anna-Maria , Schilbach Katharina , Schopohl Jochen , Störmann Sylvère 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective Clinical data on primary hypophysitis are still scarce. Especially non-surgical cases are underreported. We sought to analyse clinical characteristics of primary hypophysitis, particularly in clinically diagnosed patients.Design Retrospective single centre study in 60 patients with primary hypophysitis.Methods Symptoms, MRI, histopathological findings, treatment and outcomes were analysed in 12 histopathologically and 48 clinically diagnosed patients. Diagnostic criteria for clinical diagnosis were: a) MRI findings compatible with primary hypophysitis; b) course of disease excluding other differential diagnoses. Mean duration of follow-up was 69 months.Results Female sex was predominant (73%). Fatigue (52%), headache (38%) and diabetes insipidus (38%) were the most frequent symptoms. 42% had a concomitant autoimmune disease. The corticotropic, thyrotropic, gonadotropic, somatotropic axis was impaired in 67%, 57%, 52%, 20%, respectively. Men had a higher number of impaired hormone axes (p=0.022) with the gonadotropic axis being affected more frequently in men (p=0.001). Infundibular thickening (56%) and space occupying lesions (46%) were typical MRI findings. Pituitary size was frequently enlarged at presentation (37%) but diminished during observation (p=0.029). Histopathologically and clinically diagnosed cases did not differ.Conclusions The cohort of clinically diagnosed patients did not differ from our histopathologically diagnosed patients or from published cohorts with predominantly surgical patients. Thus, diagnosis of primary hypophysitis using clinical criteria seems feasible.
Fat-free Mass Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Predictive Equation
for Athletes using a 4-Compartment Model
Authors: Matias Catarina N , Campa Francesco , Santos Diana A. , Lukaski Henry , Sardinha Luís B. , Silva Analiza M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBioelectrical impedance analysis equations for fat-free mass prediction in
healthy populations exist, nevertheless none accounts for the inter-athlete
differences of the chemical composition of the fat-free mass. We aimed to
develop a bioimpedance-based model for fat-free mass prediction based on the
four-compartment model in a sample of national level athletes; and to
cross-validate the new models in a separate cohort of athletes using a
4-compartment model as a criterion. There were 142 highly trained athletes
(22.9±5.0 years) evaluated during their respective competitive seasons.
Athletes were randomly split into development (n=95) and validation
groups (n=47). The criterion method for fat-free mass was the
4-compartment model. Resistance and reactance were obtained with a
phase-sensitive 50 kHz bioimpedance device. Athletic impedance-based
models were developed (fat-free
mass=− 2.261+0.327*Stature2/Resistance+0.525*Weight+5.462*Sex,
where stature is in cm, Resistance is in Ω, Weight is in kg, and sex is
0 if female or 1 if male). Cross validation revealed R2 of 0.94,
limits of agreement around 10% variability and no trend, as well as a
high concordance correlation coefficient. The new equation can be considered
valid thus affording practical means to quantify fat-free mass in elite adult
athletes.
Sulfur-Chelated Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts
Authors: Lemcoff N. Gabriel , Nechmad Noy B. 
Published: August 2020

This Account summarizes the historical development of latent sulfur-chelated ruthenium precatalysts from the Lemcoff group’s perspective. The most unique feature of this family of complexes is that they appear in the more stable cis-dichloro configuration, which is latent towards olefin metathesis reactions. Activation of the precatalyst, brought about by isomerization from the cis-dihalo to the trans-dihalo forms, can be achieved either by thermal or light stimuli. Modifications of the ligand sphere bestows unique properties upon the catalysts, which have been used in diverse applications, from 3D printing of metathesis polymers to orthogonally divergent synthetic pathways.1 Introduction2 Effect of Sulfur Substituents3 Effect of Benzylidene Ligands4 Effect of the NHC Ligands5 Effect of the Anionic Ligands6 Conclusions
Asociación entre el cociente del segundo y cuarto dedo y el riesgo de cáncer de próstata: Un estudio de casos y controles en población mediterránea
Authors: García-Escudero Damián , Arense-Gonzálo Julián J. , Mendiola Jaime , Oñate-Celdrán Julián , Adoamnei Evdochia , Sánchez-Rodríguez Carlos , Samper-Mateo Paula , Torres-Roca Marcos , Molina-Hernández Olimpia , Guzmán Martínez-Valls Pablo L. , Torres-Cantero Alberto M. 
Published: August 2020

Resumen
Objetivo Evaluar la asociación entre el cociente de los dedos segundo y cuarto (2D:4D), como un biomarcador de la exposición prenatal a andrógenos, y la presencia de cáncer de próstata (CaP).
Métodos Estudio de casos y controles con 260 hombres que consultaron en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía (Murcia, España). Los casos (n = 125) fueron pacientes diagnosticados de CaP por anatomía patológica a los que se les realizó una prostatectomía radical. Los controles (n = 135) fueron pacientes que consultaron en Urología por otro motivo y que no mostraron signos ni síntomas de patología prostática. La longitud del 2D y 4D de la mano derecha fue medida mediante un pie de rey digital y se calculó el cociente entre ambos (2D:4D). Para los análisis estadísticos se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística obteniendo Odds ratios (OR) crudas y ajustadas e intervalos de confianza al 95%.
Resultados Los casos presentaron un cociente 2D:4D significativamente menor que los controles. El cociente 2D:4D se relacionó significativamente con la presencia de CaP. Tras el ajuste multivariante, se observó que los varones que se encontraban en el primer tercil de distribución del cociente 2D:4D, presentaban casi el doble de riesgo de padecer CaP (OR 1,9: IC 95% 1,1–4,0; P-valor = 0,040) en comparación con los varones que se encontraban en el segundo y tercer tercil.
Conclusiones Una mayor exposición prenatal a andrógenos, reflejada por un cociente 2D:4D menor, podría estar asociado con riesgo aumentado de padecer CaP, pero más estudios son necesarios para corroborar esos hallazgos.
A Rare Case of Medulloblastoma with Supratentorial Metastasis Two Years after Treatment
Authors: Reihanian Zoheir , Behzadnia Hamid , Namin Ahmad Kheiri , Zaresharifi Nooshin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne of the most invasive malignant tumors of the cerebellum is medulloblastoma, which is also the most common malignant tumor of the brain in children. Patients with a recurrent disease following initial treatment have the most unfavorable prognosis. The most common metastasis locations are the spine, the posterior fossa, the bones, and the supratentorium. Late medulloblastoma metastasis in the supratentorial intraventricular region is uncommon. We report here a case with supratentorial seeding.
Pyloric Mucosal Diaphragm Associated with Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis: An Unusual Combination in a Male Neonate
Authors: Chariot Eugenie , Poupalou Anna , Estievenart Julie , Dassonville Martine , Vanderveken Erwin , Steyaert Henri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe describe herein the case of a 3-week-old baby with persistent nonbilious vomiting, due to a hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) associated with a congenital pyloric mucosal diaphragm. So far, an association between the two conditions has not been described. The diagnosis of a pyloric mucosal diaphragm was delayed because of its cooccurrence with HPS.
Carrot diseases resulting from phytoplasmas and viruses.
Authors: Groves Russell L. , Clements Justin R. , Bradford Benjamin Z. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Among several bacteria-like organisms and virus-induced diseases observed in association with diseased plants in the carrot family (Apiaceae), those that consistently appear to be particularly harmful are referenced in this chapter. These include aster yellows phytoplasmas ('Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris'), beet leaf hopper-transmitted virescence agent phytoplasma ('Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii'), Carrot virus Y, Carrot thin leaf virus and Celery mosaic virus. Information is given on disease symptoms, ecology (including insect vectors) and management strategies.
Ajowan.
Authors: Noori Seyed Ahmad Sadat , Howyzeh Mehdi Soltani , Moradi Narges 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) is an essential oil, an annual and a medicinally valuable herbaceous and seed spice plant which grows in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. This chapter provides information on the importance, growing areas, plant development, chemical composition, cropping system, postharvest and product valorization of ajowan.
Fennel.
Authors: D'Antuono Luigi Filippo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Fennel is an ancient agricultural crop; the multiple uses of non-bulbiferous forms as aromatic herb, medicinal and ritual plants have been amply documented. The origin of the bulb-forming types, used as a vegetable, seems to date back to the 15th century, in the area of Florence. No world statistics report fennel production data separately for the different uses. Some reports also confuse seed with vegetable fennel, giving completely misleading data. This chapter describes the morphology, taxonomy, importance, growing areas, adaptation, development, biology, adapted varieties for year-round production, cropping system, main diseases, postharvest treatment and main uses of fennel.
Cultivable Endophytic Fungi Producing Phosphatase of Rhizophora mucronata
Authors: Fitriyana Hanim , ’Ainy Erny Qurotul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Low availability of phosphorus (P) is a major constraint for optimal crop production as in the soil it is mostly present in insoluble form. Therefore, the availability of phosphate in the soil can be improved by the utilization of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms. The existence of Rhizophora mucronata as the dominant species in the Wanatirta mangrove forest, Kulon Progo is estimated to be inseparable from the role of endophytic fungi that produce important compounds for the growth and development of host plants including production of phosphatase enzyme. This study aimed to determine the diversity of endophytic fungi from R. mucronata root and to evaluate their potential in producing phosphatase enzyme. Isolation of endophytic fungi was conducted by growing the pieces of the root on the Pikovskaya medium containing insoluble phosphate, namely calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2). Endophytic fungal isolates were purified on Potato Dextrose Agar medium. The screening test of phosphatase activity was performed to determine the ability of each isolate to produce phosphatase enzymes. The characterization of endophytic fungi isolates was carried out by observing the microscopic and macroscopic appearance of each isolate and then comparing it with the fungi identification book. The results obtained six endophytic fungi isolates of R. mucronata root, namely U2A, T2A, T3B, P2, P3A and P3B. The P2 isolate displayed a phosphatase activity characterized by the formation of a clear zone around the fungi isolate with the phosphate solubility index (PS1) is 2.04. Based on its morphological characteristics, P2 isolate belongs to the genus Penicillium.
Effectivity of Water-Soluble Chitosan from Rajungan Shell Waste as Corrosion Inhibitor on Iron in 1 M HCl
Authors: Awaliah T P , Asnawati D , Hamdiani S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCorrosion is the process of metal oxidation in the presence of oxygen which causes losses in the industrial field. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the effectivity of water-soluble chitosan from crab shells as a corrosion inhibitor on iron in 1M HCl media. Crab shell waste was demineralized and deproteinated to obtain chitin. Chitin obtained was then deacetylated to obtain Water Soluble Chitosan (WSC). The inhibition efficiency of WSC on iron corrosion in HCL 1 M media was determined by the weight loss method. The results showed that the corrosion rate decreased with the increase of inhibitor concentrations of 0, 100, 300 and 500 ppm. However, the increase in temperatures (303, 313 and 323 K) also increased the corrosion rate. The inhibition efficiency increased as the inhibitor concentration increased. The optimum efficiency occurred at a temperature of 303 K and a concentration of 500 ppm which was equal to 98.94%. The corrosion rate decreased with the increase of pH values (3, 4 and 5). WSC adsorption from crab shell waste on the surface of iron in 1M HCl media follows the isothermal model of Freundlich adsorption. In the thermodynamic study, the values of Ea, ΔH ΔS, and ΔG0Adswere used to determine the adsorption of iron inhibitors. The results of the study showed that the reaction is a physical reaction (physisorption), endothermic, and spontaneous.
Identification Of Compounds Flavonoids Namnam Leaf Extract (Cynometra Cauliflora) As Inhibiting A-Glucosidase
Authors: Sumarlin La Ode , Suprayogi Agik , Rahminiwati Min , Satyaningtijas Aryani , Nugraha Achmad Tjachja , Sukandar Dede , Pangestika Harni , Pratiwi Lia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Plants namnam (Cynometra cauliflora) has the potential to be developed for a variety of bioactive ingredients in particular flavonoid compounds as inhibitors of α-glucosidase. These compounds can be extracted with various solvents and column chromatography, and can be also characterized by a variety of instruments. In this study, these compounds liquid-liquid extraction with n-butanol followed by column chromatography process. Meanwhile, characterization and separation of the most active fractions using TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and LCMS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry). Characterization of compounds with FTIR results show similarities with flavonoids for their -OH groups (u 3200-3450 cm-1), C = C aromatic (u 1500-1675 cm-1), -CH aliphatic (u 1350-1470 cm-1), -CO (u 1080-1300 cm-1), and C = O (u 1690-1766 cm-1). While these results Characterization using LCMS showed flavonoid compounds such as xanthotoxin, Fraxetin, capensine, naringenin, malvidin, cyanidin, amorphigenin, nobiletin, isorhamnetin, epigallocathecin, gallate, apigenin and oenin. The compounds are alleged to have inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase among fraxetin, oenin, naringenin, malvidin, and cyanidin. Thus, the plant leaves Namnam has the potential to be developed as a natural therapy of diabetes mellitus through the mechanism of inhibition of α-glucosidase.