bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the effectiveness of the repair method 8.3 ''Corrosion protection by increasing electrical resistivity'' in chloride‐containing concrete Part 1: Overview and recognition of Prof. Raupach's contribution
Authors: Breit Wolfgang , Dauberschmidt Christoph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe repair method 8.3 “Corrosion protection by increasing the electrical resistance” according to EN 1504 (or the repair principle W‐Cl according to the DAfStb directive “Protection and repair of concrete building materials”) represents a technically and economically interesting method for the repair of chloride‐contaminated concrete components. The coating applied as part of the repair principle prevents further water absorption of the concrete and, due to its permeability to water vapor, allows the concrete to dehydrate. Over time, this leads to an increase in the electrolytic resistance and thus to a reduction in the rate of corrosion. The article deals with the basic principles underlying this repair principle, deals with the current regulatory situation, and shows the responsibility of the expert planner. Groundbreaking studies on the effectiveness of the repair principle were carried out by Prof. Raupach, to whom this article is dedicated, and are summarized in this paper. The objective of the new studies, which build on the aforementioned research, is to establish universally accepted application limits, for example, the level of the remaining chloride concentration, for the low‐risk use of this repair method.
Genetic and clinical findings of panel‐based targeted exome sequencing in a northeast Chinese cohort with retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Sun Yan , Li Wei , Li Jian‐kang , Wang Zhuo‐shi , Bai Jin‐yue , Xu Ling , Xing Bo , Yang Wen , Wang Zi‐wei , Wang Lu‐sheng , He Wei , Chen Fang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPanel‐based targeted exome sequencing was used to analyze the genetic and clinical findings of targeted genes in a cohort of northeast Chinese with retinitis pigmentosa.MethodsA total of 87 subjects, comprising 23 probands and their family members (total patients: 32) with confirmed retinitis pigmentosa were recruited in the study. Panel‐based targeted exome sequencing was used to sequence the patients and family members, all subjects with retinitis pigmentosa underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination.ResultsOf the 23 probands, the clinical manifestations include night blindness, narrowing of vision, secondary cataracts, choroidal atrophy, color blindness, and high myopia, the average age of onset of night blindness is 12.9 ± 14 (range, 0–65; median, 8). Posterior subcapsular opacities is the most common forms of secondary cataracts (nine cases, 39.1%), and peripheral choroidal atrophy is the most common form of secondary choroidal atrophy (12 cases, 52.2%). Of these probands with complication peripheral choroidal atrophy, there were eight probands (66.7%, 8/12) caused by the pathogenic variation in USH2A gene. A total of 17 genes and 45 variants were detected in 23 probands. Among these genes, the commonest genes were USH2A (40%; 18/45), RP1 (15.6%; 7/45), and EYS (8.9%; 4/45), and the top three genes account for 56.5% (13/23) of diagnostic probands. Among these variants, comprising 22 (48.9%) pathogenic variants, 14 (31%) likely pathogenic variants, and nine (20%) uncertain clinical significance variants, and 22 variants was discovered first time. Most of the mutations associated with RP were missense (53.3%, 24/45), and the remaining mutation types include frameshift (35.6%, 16/45), nonsense (6.7%, 3/45), and spliceSite (4.4%, 2/45). Among the probands with mutations detected, compound heterozygous forms was detected in 13 (56.5%, 13/23) probands, and digenic inheritance (DI) forms was detected in five (21.7%, 5/23) probands.ConclusionPanel‐based targeted exome sequencing revealed 23 novel mutations, recognized different combinations forms of variants, and extended the mutational spectrum of retinitis pigmentosa and depicted common variants in northeast China.
A piece of the C6H9+ potential energy surface: Rearrangement of spiropentylmethyl cation and an elegant nonclassical spiro[2.3]hex‐5‐yl cation
Authors: Shobe David S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStationary points in a region of the C6H9+ potential energy surface was explored using the CBS‐QB3 method. The region includes the spiropentylmethyl cation and all three bicyclohexyl bridgehead cations. The relative energies of these bicyclohexyl cations are −54 kJ/mol for bicyclo[2.2.0]hex‐1‐yl cation and −75 kJ/mol for bicyclo[2.1.1]hex‐1‐yl cation, with spiropentylmethyl cation being 0 kJ/mol. Bicyclo[2.1.1]hex‐1‐yl cation is a transition state, while bicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐1‐yl cation is not a stationary point after all, but rearranges without barrier to 2‐methylenecyclopentyl cation. Although spiropentylmethyl cation and spiro[2.3]hex‐4‐yl cation are local minima on the CBS‐QB3 potential energy surface, their existence is questioned. Spiro[2.3]hex‐5‐yl cation has an unusual structure, with the central carbon having five nearest neighbors with interatomic distances between 1.5 and 1.7 Å. The results for rearrangement of the spiropentylmethyl cation are in general agreement with previous solvolysis studies.
Atmospheric pulsed plasma copolymerization of acrylic monomers: Kinetics, chemistry, and applications
Authors: Moreno‐Couranjou Maryline , Guillot Jérôme , Audinot Jean‐Nicolas , Bour Jérôme , Prouvé Emilie , Durrieu Marie‐Christine , Choquet Patrick , Detrembleur Christophe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, dimethylacrylamide (DMA) homopolymer and DMA/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DMA/EGDMA) copolymers are produced by an atmospheric pulsed plasma deposition technique. Such a mild deposition method is used to limit monomer fragmentations and favor cross‐linked structures formed through the unsaturated carbon double bond polymerization. The kinetics of deposition, and the dependence of the chemical and physical properties of the films on the comonomer ratio are investigated by combining surface and volume‐sensitive techniques. In addition, water‐stable catechol‐bearing terpolymer films are easily produced from a precursor mixture composed of dopamine methacrylamide dissolved in a 50 mol% DMA/EGDMA solution. Finally, it is demonstrated that the developed coatings can be exploited for efficient one‐step bioconjugation reaction for potential biological applications.
Job changing and internal mobility: Insights into the “declining duo” from Canadian administrative data
Authors: Haan Michael , Cardoso Miguel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConsiderable research focuses on why internal migration rates are declining across most of the Western world. Several studies also look at why people are less likely to change jobs than they were in the past. In this paper, we look at the prospect of declining economic returns as an explanation for the joint decline in both phenomena in Canada. We use the Canadian Employer‐Employee Dynamics Database, a linked job–individual–family–firm data set, to look at the 5‐year income trajectories for Canadian workers who changed job and province of residence (movers) in 1997, 2002, and 2007. We compare these returns with those of job switchers who did not move (nonmover job switchers) and with those that changed neither jobs nor province (nonmover nonjob switchers). We find that the mover's premium, defined as the increase in income that accompanies either a job change or a geographical move, has decreased over time and argue that this may help explain why internal migration and labour fluidity have been declining.
Reflexive learning in adaptive management: A case study of environmental water management in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia
Authors: McLoughlin Craig A. , Thoms Martin C. , Parsons Melissa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdaptive management is a structured approach for people who must act despite uncertainty and complexity about what they are managing and the impacts of their actions. It is learning‐by‐doing through deliberate cycles of experimentation, review, and synthesis. However, understanding the processes of learning and how they relate to achieving resource management goals is in its infancy. Reflexive learning—a process of identifying and critically examining assumptions, values, and actions that frame knowledge—is critical to the effectiveness of adaptive management. It involves adaptive feedbacks between stakeholders as they examine assumptions, values, and actions. Adaptive management has been applied to environmental flows because it offers a system for making decisions about tradeoffs. In the Murray Darling Basin (MDB), Australia, adaptive management is applied as a cycle of plan, do, monitor, and learn, facilitated by short‐ and long‐term learning among stakeholders. An alternative conceptualization of adaptive management as an integration of single‐, double‐, and triple‐loop learning across multiple levels of governance is presented. This is applied to environmental flows in the MDB to map adaptive feedbacks of reflexive learning. At the lowest level of governance (Water Resource Planning Area), goals are assessed as Thresholds of Potential Concern related to flow‐ecology responses, which are reviewed every 3–6 years. At the second level of governance (Basin‐States), Water Management Targets are the key goals; reviewed and reframed every 6–10 years. The highest level of governance (the MDB) is concerned with policy targets, with review and reframing over 8–15 years. Feedbacks that generate reflexive learning are complex and require commitment to move through the modes of single‐, double‐, and triple‐loop learning. Effective adaptive management of environmental water requires practitioners to situate themselves within a matrix of information flow across modes of learning, levels of governance, and components of a social‐ecological system, where reflexive learning drives the achievement of management goals.
Long‐Life Lead‐Acid Battery for High‐Rate Partial‐State‐of‐Charge Operation Enabled by a Rice‐Husk‐Based Activated Carbon Negative Electrode Additive
Authors: Lin Zheqi , Zhang Wenli , Lin Nan , Lin Haibo , Shi Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLead sulfation severely shortens the cycling life of lead‐acid battery under high‐rate partial‐state‐of‐charge (HRPSoC) operation. Adding carbon materials into negative active mass has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to suppress the sulfation. In this paper, rice‐husk‐based activated carbon (RHAC) with high specific surface area and high pore volume exhibits excellent performances on enhancing the discharge capacity, the dynamic charge acceptance and especially the cycling life of negative electrode of lead acid battery. Results show that the HRPSoC cycling life of negative electrode with RHAC exceeds 5000 cycles which is 4.65 and 1.42 times that of blank negative electrode and negative electrode with commercial activated carbon, respectively. These outstanding performances are ascribed to the unique architectural properties of RHAC comparing with commercial activated carbon, such as three‐dimensional porous structure for acid storage, high mesopore volume for efficient ions transport and large external specific surface area for energetic Pb deposition.
Effect of Presintering Atmosphere on Structure and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Mushang , Lang Yaqiang , Deng Ziyao , Gong Jiajia , Guo Jianling , Wang Li 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCarbonate precursor prepared by coprecipitation‐hydrothermal method was first presintered under air and oxygen atmosphere, respectively, and calcinated with Li2CO3 to achieve two LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 materials. The effects of presintering atmosphere on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of materials were investigated. It is found that LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material prepared by presintering under oxygen atmosphere exhibits higher discharge capacities, enhanced rate capability and cycling performance, compared to that prepared by presintering under air atmosphere. This improvement is mainly attributed to the elimination of LixNi1‐xO impurity phase, more stable crystal structure, lower Mn3+ content, smaller particle size with homogeneous distribution, lower charge transfer resistance and higher Li+ ion diffusion coefficient. Its discharge capacity at 10 C rate is 125.8 mAh g−1 and capacity retention rate after 200 cycles at 1 C is 92.6%, much higher than 111.3 mAh g−1 and 80.0% of that prepared by presintering under air atmosphere. The presintering under oxygen atmosphere is proven to be beneficial to the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material.
ZnO Nanoparticles Photosensitization Using Ruthenium(II)‐polypyridyl Isomeric Complexes
Authors: Fernández‐Izquierdo Leunam , Raúl Sosa‐Acosta José , Jiménez‐Hernández Linnavel , del Toro Pedro Ortiz , Rodríguez Mayreli Ortiz , Insausti Maite , de Muro Izaskun Gil , Rojo Teofilo , Díaz‐García Alicia M 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe coordination of photosensitizing dyes to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) has attracted extensive attention as promising candidates for applications in solar cells. Here, we report the synthesis of ZnO NPs functionalized with geometric isomers of ruthenium(II)‐polypyridyl complexes and a preliminary study of their photophysical properties by fluorescence spectroscopy. ZnO NPs synthesis was carried out by direct precipitation. IR, UV‐Vis spectroscopy, XRD and TG‐DTA techniques were used for ZnO NPs characterization. Trans and cis complexes of Ru(II) using 2,2′‐bipyridine and 2,2’‐bipyridine‐4,4’‐dicarboxylic acid as ligands were assembled to ZnO NPs. The presence not only of a band of around 355 nm, but also at 465 nm, in the electronic spectrum indicates the modification of the ZnO surface with the synthesized complexes. The fluorescence behaviour of Ru(II) complexes modified ZnO NPs suggested an electron transfer process through the system. Remarkably, the trans isomer modified system showed better response during the electron transfer. This information could be considered during the design of photoanodes in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells.
Face‐Type Coupling as an Ideal Interface Synergy between the Nb2O5 Crystal Lattice and Graphene for Energy Conversion
Authors: Zhou Huawei , Shi Shaozhen , Cui Jiawen , Cui Shuting , Guo Junxue , Wei Jiazhen , Chai Ning , Liu Ting , Zhang Kaixuan , Yin Jie , Zhang Xianxi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe transition metal oxide Nb2O5 has advantages and potential in electrochemical catalysis. However, routine Nb2O5 catalyst has large bulk resistance and poor conductivity. In this study, the Nb2O5 crystal lattice@graphene oxide (Nb2O5‐CL@GO) composite is prepared. The lattice atoms effectively couple to the GO atoms because of few atom layers in Nb2O5‐CL@GO. Face‐type coupling (FTC) is formed between the crystal‐lattices face and GO face, which is benefited to increase the electron‐coupling area, to increase the synergistic effect. In thick Nb2O5 layer@GO (Nb2O5‐TL@GO), only edge atoms in the thick Nb2O5 layer are directly electron coupled with the GO, while the surface atoms on the thick Nb2O5 have weak electronic coupling to GO. Therefore, line‐type‐coupling (LTC) in Nb2O5‐TL@GO reduce exposure of electron‐coupling area. Compared with Nb2O5‐TL@GO, Nb2O5‐CL@GO exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity and metallic properties in the electrolyte. In addition, the performance of Nb2O5‐CL@GO composite as an electrocatalytic electrode in dye‐sensitized solar cells is superior to that of the noble Pt. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 10.81% under 1‐sun illumination (AM 1.5 G, 100 mW cm−2). Compared with Si solar cells, DSCs based on Nb2O5‐CL@GO composite is suitable for use in low illumination intensity and radiation angle. Finally, the DSCs based Nb2O5‐CL@GO composite has good stability. The results are of great interest in the materials and interface science, electrocatalysts, and energy conversion.
Mechanistic Insights into Cycloaddition of CO2 with Epoxide Catalyzed by a Bimetallic (Salen)Fe(II)Cl2 Complex with/without a Cocatalyst
Authors: Wang✶ Hailong , Guo Liping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cycloaddition of carbon dioxide (CO2) with propylene oxide (PO), with bimetallic (salen)Fe(II)Cl2 complex as the catalyst, was studied by using BP86/TZVP method. The calculated results revealed that the catalytic process exhibited a bimetallic cooperative mechanism, and a synergetic effect was observed between one Fe center and the axial ligand of chloride anion in the PO ring‐opening. The axial ligand of chloride anion acted as a cocatalyst. Moreover, a cocatalyst, i. e., NBu4Cl, has been introduced to the catalytic process. The catalytic process proceeded according to a monometallic mechanism, and chloride anion from NBu4Cl acted as a nucleophile in the PO ring‐opening. In addition, the energetic span model was applied to evaluate the catalytic efficiency of both catalytic systems. This current study provided novel insights into the molecular behavior of transition metal catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides.
Investigation of Time‐Kill Evaluation and Antioxidant Activities of New Tetra‐Substituted Metallophthalocyanines Bearing 4‐(Trifluoromethoxy)thiophenyl Groups
Authors: Sağlam Özgül , Akin Mustafa , Pekbelgin Karaoğlu Hande , Saki Neslihan , Koçak Makbule Burkut 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the present work, a new phthalonitrile derivative bearing 4‐(trifluoromethoxy)‐thiophenyl group at the 4‐position (2) has been synthesized. Cyclotetramerization of 4‐[4‐(trifluoromethoxy)‐thiophenyl] phthalonitrile (2) in appropriate high‐boiling solvents gave the desired peripherally tetra‐substituted zinc ({2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)‐tetrakis‐[4‐(trifluoromethoxy)‐thiophenyl]‐phthalocyaninato} zinc(II) (3)) and cobalt phthalocyanines ({2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)‐tetrakis‐[4‐(trifluoromethoxy)‐ thiophenyl]‐phthalocyaninato} cobalt(II) (4)). The resulting phthalonitrile and phthalocyanine derivatives were characterized by the 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, elemental analysis, UV‐Vis, FT‐IR and mass spectrometric methods. Aggregation properties of macrocycle 3 were investigated in the different concentrations and various solvents. The biological activities of the newly synthesized compounds were investigated by using well diffusion and growth curve kinetic assay. In both methods, the molecules exhibited inhibition effect only on gram negative bacteria. According to the results; molecule 4 showed the highest inhibition activity at both tested concentrations. Antioxidant activities were also evaluated by using 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays and the molecules performed moderate antioxidant activity.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Acylmethylation of 6‐Arylpurines Using Sulfoxonium Ylides as Carbene Precursors
Authors: Chen Zhibing , Kong Xianqiang , Xu Bo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe have developed an efficient acylmethylation of C6 aryl‐ purines via C–H bond activation using the readily available sulfoxonium ylides as carbene precursors. The purine motif is the direction group. Our Rh‐catalyzed acylmethylation offers excellent chemical yields and regioselectivity with good functional group tolerance.
Electrochemical Synthesis and Corrosion Behaviour of Poly(o–anisidine)‐TiO2 Nanocomposite on ZnNi‐Plated Carbon Steel
Authors: Akdag Abdurrahman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectrosynthesis of poly(o‐anisidine) (POA) homopolymer and poly(o‐anisidine)‐TiO2 (POA‐TiO2) nanocomposite were carried out on ZnNi plated carbon steel (CS/ZnNi). The synthesis was achieved cyclic voltammetry technique in 0.2 M sodium oxalate solution containing 0.1 M o‐anisidine and o‐anisidine + 0.2 gL−1 TiO2 nanoparticles for POA and POA‐TiO2, respectively. The POA and POA‐TiO2 nanocomposite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion x‐ray analysis (EDX), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, open circuit potential‐time and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, open circuit potential‐time (Eocp‐t) and potentiodynamic polarization tests were done in 3.5% NaCl solution. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that a strong decrease of corrosion current for POA‐TiO2 coated CS/ZnNi (CS/ZnNi/POA‐TiO2) electrode when compared to the POA coated CS/ZnNi (CS/ZnNi/POA) and CS/ZnNi electrodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicated that polarization resistance (Rp) of the CS/ZnNi/POA‐TiO2 electrode was higher than the other electrodes. These results revealed that TiO2 nanoparticles increased the anticorrosive property of the POA film.
Molecularly Imprinted Synthetic Antibodies: From Chemical Design to Biomedical Applications
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Miao Haohan , Wang Jixiang , Pan Guoqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBillions of dollars are invested into the monoclonal antibody market every year to meet the increasing demand in clinical diagnosis and therapy. However, natural antibodies still suffer from poor stability and high cost, as well as ethical issues in animal experiments. Thus, developing antibody substitutes or mimics is a long‐term goal for scientists. The molecular imprinting technique presents one of the most promising strategies for antibody mimicking. The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are also called “molecularly imprinted synthetic antibodies” (MISAs). The breakthroughs of key technologies and innovations in chemistry and material science in the last decades have led to the rapid development of MISAs, and their molecular affinity has become comparable to that of natural antibodies. Currently, MISAs are undergoing a revolutionary transformation of their applications, from initial adsorption and separation to the rising fields of biomedicine. Herein, the fundamental chemical design of MISAs is examined, and then current progress in biomedical applications is the focus. Meanwhile, the potential of MISAs as qualified substitutes or even to transcend the performance of natural antibodies is discussed from the perspective of frontier needs in biomedicines, to facilitate the rapid development of synthetic artificial antibodies.
Dynamic buckling analysis of cylindrical steel water storage tanks subjected to Kobe earthquake loading
Authors: Çelik Ali İhsan , Köse Mehmet Metin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCylindrical steel storage tanks are thin‐walled significant engineering structures. This study investigated the buckling conditions of ground‐supported cylindrical steel liquid storage tanks according to roof shapes and shell thicknesses. The roof shapes selected were open‐top, flat‐closed, conical‐closed and torispherical‐closed‐top tanks, and shell thicknesses were 4, 6 and 8 mm. These tanks may be exposed to several types of failure during earthquakes, such as elephant‐foot buckling, diamond‐shape buckling, overturning and uplift. Great financial loss and environmental damage can also ensue when steel liquid storage tanks are damaged in an earthquake. The seismic analyses were conducted under Kobe earthquake conditions for cylindrical steel tanks with different shell thicknesses and roof types. To investigate dynamic behaviour of the tanks accurately, the hydrodynamic response of each tank was divided into impulsive and convective components. Directional deformation and buckling results are presented for both impulsive and convective masses. As a result, the deformation of the tank is significantly reduced when the top of the tank is in the shape of a torispherical dome. The flat‐closed tank has a maximum directional deformation in both impulsive and convective modes. Results also show that when shell thickness was increased, buckling deformation decreased, but different deformation states were observed on the wall and roof components depending on the type of roof.