bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ministras de Estado: uma análise prosopográfica das mulheres nos cargos máximos da República de 1985 a 2019
Authors: Gitirana Julia Heliodoro Souza , Kreuz Letícia Regina Camargo 
Published: August 2020

RESUMOConsiderando que a representatividade de grupos politicamente minoritários em espaços de decisão engloba diferentes estratégias a depender da forma de indicação ou ascensão ao cargo, a presente pesquisa se propõe a tecer uma análise prosopográfica das Ministras de Estado brasileiras desde a redemocratização do País, iniciando a leitura de dados a partir do Governo José Sarney (1995) e alcançando a seleção de ministérios feita por Jair Bolsonaro (2019). Trata-se de uma tentativa de compreender a faceta identitária da representação – isto é, a análise tem como foco a trajetória das mulheres escolhidas no período em questão para ocupar os cargos de confiança mais altos da República. Para tanto, parte-se de uma relação de quem são essas mulheres, análise essa aprofundada a partir de critérios de titulação, carreira política e partidária, proximidade com organizações religiosas e participação em movimentos e organizações sociais. Analisaram-se, simultaneamente, quais foram as pastas ocupadas por elas – e como determinados setores são ainda um tabu para a representação feminina. A partir de tais dados, é possível traçar perfis sobre as mulheres do alto escalão da República e, com isso, compreender quem elas são e como alcançaram esses cargos.PALAVRAS-CHAVERepresentação. Mulheres. Ministras. Burocracia. Trajetórias políticas. ABSTRACTConsidering that the representations of political minority groups in decision-making spaces encompass different strategies depending on the form of nomination or ascension to the position, the present research aims to perform a prosopographical analysis of the female Brazilian Ministers of State since the redemocratization of the country, with data analysis beginning in the José Sarney Government (1995) up to the ministry selection made by Jair Bolsonaro (2019). It will attempt to understand the facets related to identity representation - therefore the analysis will focus on the journey of the chosen women in the period in question to occupy the highest trust positions in the Republic. The article will start with a backstory on each woman followed by an in-depth analysis based on the criteria of title, political and party career, proximity to religious organizations and participation in social movements and organizations. Simultaneously, the research will analyze the political roles these women occupied - and how certain sectors are still taboo for female representation. Such data will allow this research to draw profiles on women of the highest echelon of the Republic and, with that, understand who they are and how they reach these positions.KEYWORDSRepresentation. Women. Ministers. Bureaucracy. Political trajectories.
ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTIVENESS OF CACAO BEAN SHELLS EXTRACT (Theobroma cocoa L.) ON TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM GROWTH IN VITRO
Authors: Hutasoit Chintya Mei Desia , Setyaningsih Yuni , Pramono Andri 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTTrichophyton rubrum is the most common dermatophytosis etiology. The antifungal agent has several problems such as fungal resistance and therapy side effects. Cacao (Theobroma cocoa L.) bean shells extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins which have an antifungal effect. This study aimed to test the in vitro cacao bean shells extract antifungal (especially: Trichophyton rubrum) effectiveness by agar well diffusion method. This was an experimental study with a post-test only control group design. This study used cacao bean shells extract concentration 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, ketokonazol as positive control, and aquadest as negative control. The average inhibition diameter of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% cacao bean shells extract concentration were 10.65 mm, 18 mm, 26.92 mm, and 37.22 mm, respectively, while the ketoconazole inhibition diameter was 51.52 mm. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc with Mann-Whitney. The results showed significant differences between each treatment group (p0.05). Cacao bean shells extract had an antifungal effect in inhibiting the growth of Tricophyton rubrum invitro.Keywords: Trichophyton rubrum, Cacao Bean Shells, Antifungal, Agar Well Diffusion Method, ABSTRAKTrichophyton rubrum adalah penyebab paling umum dermatofitosis. Obat dermatofitosis (antijamur) memiliki beberapa masalah seperti resistensi dan efek samping terapi. Ekstrak cangkang biji kakao (Theobroma cocoa L.) mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, dan saponin yang memiliki efek antijamur. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji efektivitas antijamur (khususnya Trichophyton rubrum) ekstrak cangkang biji kakao secara in vitro dengan metode difusi agar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan post-test only control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsentrasi ekstrak cankang biji kakao 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%, ketokonazol sebagai kontrol positif, dan aquadest sebagai kontrol negatif. Rata-rata diameter hambat konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100% secara berturut-turut yaitu: 10,65 mm, 18 mm, 26,92 mm, dan 37,22 mm, sedangkan daya hambat ketoconazole adalah 51,52 mm. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan post hoc dengan Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara masing-masing kelompok perlakuan (p 0,05). Ekstrak cangkang biji kakao memiliki efek antijamur dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Tricophyton rubrum invitro.Kata kunci: Trichophyton rubrum, Anti-jamur, Cangkang Biji Kaka, Metode Difusi Sumuran Agar
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Persepsi Pemuda pada Pekerjaan Sektor Pertanian di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah
Authors: Pinem Andrius M , Nurmayasari Indah , Yanfika Helvi 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan persepsi pemuda terhadap pekerjaan di sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Simbar Waringin dan Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Trimurjo serta Desa Sumber Fajar dan Desa Sumber Baru Kecamatan Seputih Banyak Kabupaten Lampung Tengah dengan menggunakan metode survei. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah warga yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan. Sampel penelitian adalah 66 pemuda yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel proporsional random sampling. Untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan persepsi pemuda terhadap pekerjaan sektor pertanian menggunakan uji statistik non parametrik korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan persepsi pemuda terhadap pekerjaan di sektor pertanian adalah tingkat motivasi, kebutuhan, pengaruh teman dan pengetahuan informasi, sedangkan faktor yang tidak berhubungan adalah tingkat pendidikan formal, lama berusahatani dan luas lahan.
Kata kunci: faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan persepsi, pemuda, pekerjaan, dan sektor pertanian.
Risk Mitigation Strategies in Implementing Scrum Framework for Internet-Based IT Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Flourensia Sapty , Indrawan Toni , Kamarudin Shafinah 
Published: August 2020

To date many Information Technology Companies in Indonesia implement Scrum Framework which is one of the frameworks that uses Agile principles. The implementation of the Scrum Framework does not guarantee that these companies will be free from risk, since many risks will also appear during the implementation of the framework itself. Therefore, risk management strategies are needed to mitigate these risks. This research is a qualitative research to manage risk due to the implementation of Scrum Framework in software development of IT companies, especially in Indonesia. Interviews have been conducted to the Scrum stakeholders in three IT Companies to gather some initial data to be analyzed further using Qualitative Content Analysis Method and Risk Breakdown Structure. Our finding show that there is 17 Risk Registers and their Mitigation Strategies for the implementation of Scrum Framework in Indonesian IT Companies. Furthermore, it can be used as guidelines for decision making about whether to implement this framework in their core businesses.
Distribución y concentración de elementos traza en aguas superficiales y subterráneas del arroyo El Pescado, Argentina
Authors: Delgado Maria Isabel , Carol Eleonora , Di Lello Claudia , Mac Donagh Maria Elicia 
Published: August 2020

La cuenca del arroyo El Pescado, ubicada en el noreste bonaerense, desde principios de siglo atraviesa un proceso de cambio en el uso del suelo. El objetivo del trabajo fue realizar un diagnóstico sobre la distribución y cuantificación de elementos traza en el recurso hídrico de la cuenca, en relación con los diferentes usos del agua. Se utilizó una red de monitoreo de agua superficial y agua subterránea somera y profunda. Se determinó el contenido de elementos traza mediante un equipo ICP-MS. Las mayores concentraciones de elementos traza correspondieron al agua subterránea somera y las menores al agua subterránea profunda. En el acuífero freático el As y el Fe superaron los límites permitidos para abastecimiento de agua potable. En tanto que el V y el Zn superaron los límites para uso agropecuario en el acuífero freático y agua superficial. En las aguas superficiales el Cu, Pb y Zn excedieron los límites de protección para la vida acuática en todos los sitios, mientras que el V sólo en la cuenca media y parte de la cuenca baja.
Mulches: Durability, Aesthetic Value, Weed Control, and Temperature
Authors: Skroch W.A. , Powell M.A. , Bilderback T.E. , Henry P.H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Five organic mulches (pine bark, hardwood bark, cedar chips, longleaf pine needles, shortleaf pine needles), used alone or in combination with two inorganic mulches (black polyethylene, woven polypropylene), were evaluated over two years for weed control, durability, aesthetic value, and influence upon soil temperature. Organic mulches reduced total weed counts by 50% compared to control plots. and underlaying organic mulches with polyethylene resulted in complete control. Polypropylene, used in combination with organic mulch, was ineffective in controlling perennial weed species. Pine bark was the most durable organic mulch, requiring the least replenishment (70% initial volume) after 630 days. Durability of organic mulches increased when underlaid with polyethylene. Longleaf pine needles were rated most attractive, and underlying organic materials with either polyethylene or polypropylene enhanced appearance. Organic mulches reduced maximum daily temperatures at the soil surface by 2.2–3.3°C (4–6°F) and increased minimum daily temperatures by 1.1–2.2°C (2–4°F). However, the type of organic mulch did not affect temperatures at the soil surface.
Deer Damage to Landscape Plants in New York State: Perceptions of Nursery Producers, Landscape Firms, and Homeowners
Authors: Sayre R.W. , Decker D.J. , Good G.L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Damage to landscape plants by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Raf.) is widespread in many areas in the northeastern U. S. A mail survey to assess the extent and impact of deer damage to nursery producers, landscape firms and homeowners was conducted in suburban areas of southeastern and western New York in 1989. About two-thirds of producers and landscape firms, and slightly fewer than one-fourth of homeowners reported damage by deer during 1988. Yews, (Taxus spp.) and white cedar, (Thuja occidentalis L.), were listed most frequently by respondents as plants damaged by deer. The majority of respondents believed that damage was most severe during winter or spring. Some producers and homeowners reported severe economic losses from deer damage. Use of damage prevention was widespread among respondents who had experiences with deer and deer damage. Browse-resistant plants, such as spruce (Picea spp.), juniper (Juniperus spp.), andromeda (Pieris spp.), and boxwood (Buxus spp.) were used by some respondents. Many people also wanted additional information and research to improve damage prevention. Damage to landscape plants was a primary concern to a majority of producers, but was less of a concern to landscape firms and homeowners. Instead, these latter groups were most concerned about risks they associated with deer such as Lyme disease or deer-vehicle collisions.
Pre-forcing Treatments Influence Bud Break and Shoot Elongation in Forced Woody Species
Authors: Yang Guochen , Read Paul E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of pre-forcing treatments for the release of bud dormancy of dormant stems of lilac, privet and Vanhoutte spirea. The new softwood growth of these dormant stems was used either as explants for in vitro culture or as cuttings for rooting studies of woody plant species in the off-season. A pre-forcing 15% bleach solution (0.78% NaOCl) soak hastened bud break, enhanced percentage of bud break, and promoted shoot elongation. Pre-forcing wetting agent treatments produced similar results to those of the bleach soak with variation among wetting agents and plant species. Smaller treatment differences were observed in the forcing characteristics when stems were collected later in the winter, probably because the cold requirement of the buds had been completely or partially met. This technique will provide explants for in vitro culture and softwood cuttings for propagation of woody plants over an extended period.
Seed Germination of Pieris floribunda: Influence of Light and Temperature
Authors: Starrett Mark C. , Blazich Frank A. , Warren Stuart L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Seeds of Pieris floribunda (Pursh ex Sims) Benth. and Hook, (mountain andromeda) were germinated at 25°C (77°F) or an 8/16 hr thermoperiod of 25°/15°C (77°/59°F) with daily photoperiods of 0, ½, ½ twice daily, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24 hr. In seeds exposed to light, germination at 25°C (77°F) began between 3 and 6 days compared to 6 to 9 days at 25°/15°C (77°/59°F), but the delay did not influence cumulative germination. For seeds exposed to light, 30-day germination for equivalent photoperiods at both temperatures was similar. Without light, 30-day germination at 25°C (77°F) and 25°/15°C (77°/59°F) was 38% and 52%, respectively. Daily photoperiods as short as ½ hr increased cumulative germination to 90% at 25°C (77°F) and 25°/15°C (77°/59°F). The remaining light treatments yielded 88 to 95% germination. High germination percentages were due in part to rigorous seed grading prior to initiation of the study.
Postemergence Applied Herbicides for Use On Ornamental Grasses
Authors: Gilliam Charles H. , Keever Gary J. , Eakes D. Joseph , Fare Donna C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Postemergence-applied, grass-active herbicides registered for use in the landscape were applied over-the-top of four ornamental grass species to evaluate tolerance in 1990 and 1991. All herbicides caused some injury to all grass species. Growth indices of dwarf fountain grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides L.K. Spreng. ‘Hameln)’ and pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana Schult. & Schult. f. Asch & Graebn. ‘Rosea’) treated with the low rate of Poast (sethoxydim) was similar to that of the nontreated plants in both years. Acclaim (fenoxaprop-ethyl) caused less injury to purple maiden grass (Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. ‘Purpurescens’) and maiden grass (M. sinensis Anderss ‘Gracillimus’) than Poast and Fusilade 2000 (fluazifop). Both Acclaim rates resulted in similar growth indices to that of nontreated plants. Flowering was reduced in three of the four grass species with all grass active herbicide treatments; the fourth species did not flower.
Effects of Growing Medium, Shade Level and Fertilizer Rate on Cladode Color, Yield and Vase Life of Ruscus hypophyllum
Authors: Stamps Robert H. , Boone Cindy Connery 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ruscus hypophyllum L. (Israeli or Holland ruscus) liners were grown from tissue culture in either Florida sedge peat: builders' sand (3:1 by vol) or a commercial soilless medium (Vergro container mix A) until they were large enough to produce harvestable stems for use as cut foliage (florists' greens). Once established, plants were grown in a shadehouse at 50% or 70% shade and were fertilized with either 5, 10 or 15 g (0.18, 0.35 or 0.53 oz) of 17N-2. 6P-10K (17-6-12) controlled-release fertilizer applied every 2 months. Cladode color was not affected by fertilizer level but was affected by both shade level and growing medium, with shade level the more important of the two. Stem numbers and average fresh weight were affected by an interaction of fertilizer rate and growing medium. Maximum stem number occurred at the high fertilizer rate in Vergro and the medium rate in peat:sand while average stem weight was greatest at the high rate in peat:sand and at the medium rate in Vergro. Total stem fresh weight increased as a linear function of fertilizer rate, was 12% higher from peat:sand compared to Vergro, and was 14% greater under 50% compared to 70% shade. There were no commercially significant treatment effects on vase life.
Micropropagation and Field Establishment of Tiarella cordifolia
Authors: Kitto S.L. , Hoopes A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Tiarella cordifolia L. (foamflower) was proliferated on an MS-based nutrient medium. Proliferation was maximal on medium gelled with 0.4% Difco-Bacto agar containing 1.0 mg benzyladenine (BA)/1 and 0 or 0.025 mg naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)/1. Proliferation of T. cordifolia var. collina was maximal on medium gelled with Gelrite® containing 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg BA/1 plus NAA (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 mg/l). Greenhouse rooting and survival was directly related to an increase in microcutting length, whereas leaf number (two to six leaves per microcutting) had no effect. At least 48% of the microcuttings of T. cordifolia inserted directly in the field rooted and survived.
Nontarget Herbicide Losses from Application of Granular Ronstar to Container Nurseries
Authors: Gilliam C.H. , Fare D.C. , Beasley A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
With empty containers, nontarget herbicide loss was 23 percent when the containers were spaced container to container. Spacing the containers on 20 (8 in) and 30 cm (12 in) centers resulted in nontarget losses of 51 and 80 percent loss respectively. Nontarget losses were similar when a dense canopy plant (Rhododendron × ‘Trouper’) and an open canopy plant (Berberis thunbergii ‘Crimson Pygmy’) were spaced container to container or on 20 (8 in) or 30 cm (12 in) spacings.
Opportunities for Cooperation between Landscape Contractors and Landscape Architects
Authors: Garber M.P , Bondari K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Landscape architects identified the most common complaints they receive regarding plant material installed in the landscape. The 54 responses from a survey of landscape architects in Georgia were grouped into four categories relating to plant size, plant quality, site preparation and installation, and plant maintenance. Specific opportunities are identified for landscape contractors to help landscape architects address these customer concerns. In addition, landscape architects identified several areas for landscape contractors to assist them in supplying better products and services. These areas include plant material care and availability, close supervision of the installation process, and a closer working relationship between the two groups.
Intermittent Short Days and Chilling, and Benzylaminopurine Affect the Growth and Morphology of Fraser fir Seedlings
Authors: Cazell Ben H. , Seiler John R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh.) Poir.) seedlings were either grown continuously under long days (16 hr) or intermittently exposed to short days (8 hr) to induce bud set followed by a chilling period. Additionally, half the seedlings in each treatment received a foliar application of 444 uM benzylaminopurine (BAP). Seedlings that were allowed to set buds, followed by chilling, obtained the greatest height, but this treatment in combination with BAP reduced seedling height. BAP applied to seedlings grown continuously under long days stimulated height growth and prevented long dormant periods typical for non-chilled seedlings. Continuously grown, BAP-treated seedlings had 1.3 times larger root collar diameter, and 1.7 times more biomass, compared to other treatments. Root/shoot ratios for continuously grown, BAP-treated seedlings were comparable to intermittently chilled, non-BAP treated seedlings. These results suggest that either intermittent short days followed by chilling, or foliar BAP applications can be used to accelerate growth of containerized Fraser fir seedlings. However, the combination of chilling and BAP resulted in poorer development than either treatment alone.
Moisture Stress: An Alternative Method of Height Control to B-nine (daminozide)
Authors: Brown David R. , Eakes D. Joseph , Behe Bridget K. , Gilliam Charles H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Moisture stress was compared to B-nine (daminozide) as a method of height control for annual bedding plant transplants. Three plant species, ‘Big Boy’ tomato, ‘California Wonder’ pepper and ‘Janie Gold’ marigold, were grown in 132 cm3 (8.05 in3) cell packs containing one of 2 commercial media, Fafard #3 or Pro-Mix BX. Treatments included moisture stress (MS), 2 concentrations of B-nine (2500 ppm applied twice and 5000 ppm once), and an untreated control. Method of height control and medium type had an interactive influence on height for each of the 3 species. Moisture stress tomato and marigold were shorter in the Fafard #3 medium compared to those in the Pro-Mix BX medium. Regardless of medium, MS tomato and marigold transplants were shorter or similar in size to the most effective B-nine treatment, 2500 ppm applied twice. Moisture stress and the B-nine treatments for pepper plants grown in the Fafard #3 medium reduced plant height similarly compared to the controls. However, when pepper plants were grown in the Pro-Mix BX medium, only B-nine treatments reduced plant height compared to the controls. Treatments producing short plants did not reduce node number, hence plants appeared fuller than treatments with tall plants. Shoot dry weights for MS tomato and marigold were less than those of plants receiving the other height control treatments, regardless of medium type. Plants of all 3 species grown in the Fafard #3 medium had less shoot dry weight than Pro-Mix BX plants across the 4 height control treatments.
Effect of Fertilizer and Irrigation on Leachate Levels of NH4-N, NO3-N, and P in Container Production of Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Fluffy Ruffle’
Authors: Conover C.A. , Poole R.T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Nitrogen leaching into surficial aquifers continues to become more of a problem in several areas of the U.S., and thus potential for regulation of foliage plant producers is increasing. A factorial experiment evaluated liquid and controlled-release fertilizer sources at three irrigation levels [100, 200, or 300 ml (3.4, 6.8, or 10.2 oz) per 15 cm (6 in) pot twice weekly] for NH4-N, NO3-N, and P in leachate. Samples were collected weekly for 12 weeks beginning the last week of September. Plant grade and top fresh weights were similar for all treatments, but large variations occurred in NH4-N, NO3-N, and P levels in leachate due to irrigation level. Increasing irrigation level above 100 ml (3.4 oz) twice weekly resulted in increases of NO3-N present in leachate, with levels as high as 126 mg/pot observed toward the end of November. NH4-N levels were affected by irrigation during the first seven weeks of the experiment but, after week 2, were lower than one mg/pot. Phosphorus levels ranged from 0.9 to 5.7 mg/pot in leachate with responses to irrigation treatment throughout the experiment.