bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Computed Tomographic Biomarkers of Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases and Long‐Term Outcome after Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Rodrigues Mark A. , E. Samarasekera Neshika , Lerpiniere Christine , Perry Luke A. , Moullaali Tom J. , J.M. Loan James , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Al‐Shahi Salman Rustam ,   for the Lothian Audit of the Treatment of Cerebral Haemorrhage Collaborators
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveA study was undertaken to assess whether cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) computed tomographic (CT) biomarkers are associated with long‐term outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage.MethodsWe performed a prospective, community‐based cohort study of adults diagnosed with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage between June 1, 2010 and May 31, 2013. A neuroradiologist rated the diagnostic brain CT for acute intracerebral hemorrhage features and SVD biomarkers. We used severity of white matter lucencies and cerebral atrophy, and the number of lacunes to calculate the CT SVD score. We assessed the association between CT SVD biomarkers and either death, or death or dependence (modified Rankin Scale scores = 4–6) 1 year after first‐ever intracerebral hemorrhage using logistic regression, adjusting for known predictors of outcome.ResultsWithin 1 year of intracerebral hemorrhage, 224 (56%) of 402 patients died. In separate models, 1‐year death was associated with severe atrophy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44–4.49, p = 0.001) but not lacunes or severe white matter lucencies, and CT SVD sum score ≥ 1 (aOR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.40–4.45, p = 0.002). Two hundred seventy‐seven (73%) of 378 patients with modified Rankin Scale data were dead or dependent at 1 year. In separate models, 1‐year death or dependence was associated with severe atrophy (aOR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.71–7.89, p = 0.001) and severe white matter lucencies (aOR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.06–4.51, p = 0.035) but not lacunes, and CT SVD sum score ≥ 1 (aOR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.45–5.46, p = 0.002).InterpretationSVD biomarkers on the diagnostic brain CT are associated with 1‐year death and dependence after intracerebral hemorrhage, independent of known predictors of outcome. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:266–279
2‐(Dimethylamino)phosphinin: Ein phosphorhaltiges Anilinderivat
Authors: Giese Steven , Klimov Katrin , Mikeházi Antal , Kelemen Zsolt , Frost Daniel S. , Steinhauer Simon , Müller Peter , Nyulászi László , Müller Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDie bisher unbekannten 2‐Amino‐substituierten λ3,σ2‐Phosphinine sind phosphorhaltige Anilinderivate. Theoretische Studien zeigen, dass die starke Wechselwirkung der π‐donierenden NR2‐Gruppe mit dem aromatischen System zu einer erhöhten π‐Dichte am Phosphoratom führt. Ausgehend von einem 3‐N(CH3)2‐substituierten 2‐Pyron und (CH3)3SiC≡P wurden erstmalig 2‐N(CH3)2‐funktionalisierte Phosphinine synthetisiert. Deren Reaktionen mit CuBr⋅S(CH3)2 ergaben CuI‐Komplexverbindungen, in denen erstmalig ein neutrales Phosphinin als seltener μ2‐P‐4e‐Donor‐Ligand durch Verbrückung zweier CuI‐Zentren auftritt. Unsere experimentellen und theoretischen Untersuchungen zeigen, dass 2‐Aminophosphinine die Lücke in der Serie bekannter 2‐Donor‐funktionalisierter Phosphinine schließen.
Synthesis and Two‐Dimensional Chiral Surface Self‐Assembly of a π‐Conjugated System with Three‐Fold Symmetry: Benzotri(7‐Azaindole)
Authors: Rodríguez Luis M. , Gómez Paula , Más‐Montoya Miriam , Abad José , Tárraga Alberto , Cerdá Jorge I. , Méndez Javier , Curiel David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of a novel expanded π‐conjugated system, namely benzotri(7‐azaindole), BTAI, is reported. Its C3h symmetry along with the integration of six complementary donor and acceptor N−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds in the conjugated structure promote the 2D self‐assembly on Au(111) over extended areas. Besides, a perfect commensurability with the gold lattice endows the physisorbed molecular film with a remarkable stability. The structural features of BTAI result in two levels of surface chirality: Firstly, the molecules become chiral upon adsorption on the surface. Then, due to the favorable N−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bond‐directed self‐assembly, along with the relative molecular rotation with respect to the substrate, supramolecular chirality manifests in two mirror enantiomorphous domains. Thus, the system undergoes spontaneous chiral resolution. LEED and STM assisted by theoretical simulations have been employed to characterize in detail these novel 2D conglomerates with relevant chiral properties for systems with C3h symmetry.
Giant Optical Anisotropy in the UV‐Transparent 2D Nonlinear Optical Material Sc(IO3)2(NO3)
Authors: Wu Chao , Jiang Xingxing , Wang Zujian , Lin Lin , Lin Zheshuai , Huang Zhipeng , Long Xifa , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBirefringence is a fundamental optical property for linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Thus far, it has proved to be very difficult to engineer large birefringence in optical crystals functioning in the UV region. Herein, we report the first 2D rare‐earth iodate–nitrate crystal Sc(IO3)2(NO3) (SINO), which is shown to exhibit giant optical anisotropy. Air‐stable SINO possesses a short UV absorption edge (298 nm), a strong NLO response (4.0 times that of benchmark KH2PO4) for the nitrate family, and the largest birefringence (Δn=0.348 at 546 nm) of inorganic oxide optical crystals. The unusually large birefringence and NLO response can be attributed to an optimized 2D layered structure, combined with highly polarizable and anisotropic building units [IO3]− and [NO3]−. These findings will facilitate the development of UV linear and NLO materials with giant optical anisotropy and promote their potential application in optoelectronic devices.
Experimental investigation of flame retardancy and mechanical properties of APP/EG/TPU multilayer composites prepared by microlayer coextrusion technology
Authors: Wang Shuaiwen , Shi Meinong , Yang Weimin , Yan Hua , Zhang Chao , An Ying , Zhang Fenghua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, ammonium polyphosphate(APP)/expandable graphite(EG)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites were prepared by microlayer coextrusion technology, APP and EG fillers had good synergistic flame retardancy and excellent dispersion in TPU matrix, which greatly improved the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of multilayer composites. The dispersion of APP and EG in TPU was characterized by using SEM, the flame retardancy of composites was characterized by using UL94 and LOI, the thermal stability of composites was characterized by using TGA and DTG, and tensile test was used to characterized the mechanical properties of composites. SEM showed that the microlayer coextrusion technology significantly improved the dispersion of APP and EG in TPU. As showed by the experimental results, the vertical combustion level of ordinary blended composites reached V‐2 after adding only one kind of filler either APP or EG, and the vertical combustion level of ordinary blended composites reached V‐0 with APP and EG applied together, while the vertical combustion level of microlayer coextruded composites all reached V‐0 when the total addition of APP and EG was 15%. In particular, the LOI value of microlayer coextruded composites was 30.9%, while the LOI value of ordinary blended composites only was 27.9% when APP: EG = 1: 1. At this time, the flame retardancy level of APP/EG/TPU composites was the best. In addition, the thermal stability and mechanical properties of microlayer coextruded composites were far superior to ordinary blended composites. In conclusion, the synergistic flame retardancy of APP and EG fillers and the dispersion of APP and EG fillers in TPU matrix played a significant role in enhancing flame retardancy and mechanical properties.
Fire retardant cellulose aerogel with improved strength and hydrophobic surface by one‐pot method
Authors: Shahzadi Kiran , Ge Xuesong , Sun Yaning , Chen Shaojuan , Jiang Yijun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBio‐based materials with multifunctional performance are getting immense attention nowadays for their environment friendly and renewable character. Inspired by toughening effect of graphene nanosheets and borate chemistry, a simple in‐situ borate crosslinking in water and freeze‐drying method was employed to fabricate a fire retarded bio‐based aerogel. The structure of the material was evaluated and analysis by SEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman and XPS. Importantly, the bio‐based aerogel has improved strength and adsorption properties due to unique structure. The compressive strength of rGO(reduced graphene oxide) + CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) aerogel could reach 128 ± 2.1 kPa which is five times that of neat CMC aerogel. The bio‐based aerogel can load more than 2500 times of self‐weight. The adsorption capacity for organic solvents and oil of rGO+CMC aerogel is also greatly improved by a little rGO (1%) introducing due to its unique porous structure and hydrophobic nature of rGO. Additionally, rGO+CMC aerogel is also found fire resistant with relatively low thermal conductivity due to the borate and GO introduction.
The influence of larval density on triacylglycerol content in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Silva Elaine R. M. N. , Santos Luan V. , Caiado Matheus S. , Hastenreiter Luana S. N. , Fonseca Sabrina R. R. , Carbajal‐de‐la‐Fuente Ana L. , Carvalho Mario G. , Pontes Emerson G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGiven the importance of Aedes aegypti as an arbovirus vector, understanding the impact of population density during larval development is fundamental to improve control methods. The aims of this study were to analyze the effects of larval density on the triacylglycerol (TAG) reserves, fecundity, and the size of mosquitos. To evaluate the influence of density on the amount of TAG in the different stages of development of A. aegypti, the larvae were reared in densities of 0.04, 0.32, and 0.8 larvae/ml, represented by D1, D2, and D3, respectively. Larval rearing density affected the amount of TAG in the different developmental stages of this insect. The group reared with the highest population density (D3) presented greater storage of TAG, except when analyzing the amount of TAG μg/protein in the fat body of blood‐fed females. In addition, it was possible to observe higher resistance to fasting and a greater number of eggs laid. Insects reared in D2 and D3 were larger than those in the D1 group. This study provides interesting data for future investigations on how the density of larval rearing affects the lipid metabolism for synthesis and mobilization of TAG stored in A. aegypti and how it influences size and reproduction.
Synthesis and anticancer activities of some new coumarin derivatives including the triazole ring and their in silico molecular docking studies
Authors: Menteşe Emre , Güner Adem , Polatlı Elifsu , Emirik Mustafa , Bektaş Hakan , Kahveci Bahittin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe synthesis, docking study, and investigation of the anticancer activities of some coumarin derivatives containing the triazole ring are reported in this study. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against the cell lines CRL5807 (human bronchioalveolar carcinoma), CRL5826 (human squamous cell carcinoma), MDA‐MB231 (human breast cancer cells), HTB177 (human lung cancer), PC‐3 (human prostate adenocarcinoma), PANC‐1 (human pancreatic cancer cells), used as cancer cells, and CCD34Lu (normal human lung fibroblasts), used as a healthy cell line. Cytotoxicity effects of the samples were determined by the MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide) assay. In silico studies were also performed to explore the binding interactions of the molecules.
COVID‐19 Water Contamination Concerns Underscore Need to Engage With Consumers
Authors: Heath Andrew 
Published: November 2020

Key TakeawaysUtilities’ communication strategies in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic have been uneven; some have been proactively informing customers about the safety of water and other coronavirus‐related issues, while others have been less engaged.Seventy percent of customer respondents to the J.D. Power survey said they are not aware of actions implemented by their water utility in response to the COVID‐19 crisis.Water utilities should find new and creative ways to elevate their communications, including social media and joint mass‐media engagement with other local organizations.
Carbonstäbe im Bauwesen
Authors: Schumann Alexander , May Maximilian , Schladitz Frank , Scheerer Silke , Curbach Manfred 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCarbonbeton findet immer größere Akzeptanz im Bauwesen. Für Carbonbewehrungsmatten gibt es bereits umfangreiche Forschungsergebnisse zum Zug‐ als auch zum Verbundtragverhalten. Bei Carbonstäben und hier insbesondere zu deren Verbundtragverhalten im Beton besteht hingegen noch erheblicher Forschungsbedarf. Deshalb wurden in experimentellen Auszugversuchen acht unterschiedliche Carbonstäbe mit verschiedenen Oberflächenprofilierungen und Ausgangsmaterialien im hochfesten Beton getestet. Die Verbundergebnisse wurden dem Verbundverhalten eines konventionellen Stahlstabs gegenübergestellt. Anhand der Tests und der vorliegenden Materialien wurde eine Vorzugsstabvariante, eine Oberflächenprofilierung infolge von Fräsung, empfohlen. Zusätzlich konnte gezeigt werden, dass einige Carbonstabvarianten maximale Verbundspannungen übertragen können, die mit denen aus dem Stahlbeton vergleichbar sind. Deren vertiefte Betrachtung wird Bestandteil einer weiteren Veröffentlichung sein [1].
Cytoplasmic mRNPs revisited: Singletons and condensates
Authors: Mateu‐Regué Àngels , Nielsen Finn Cilius , Christiansen Jan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) represent the cellular transcriptome, and recent data have challenged our current understanding of their architecture, transport, and complexity before translation. Pre‐translational mRNPs are composed of a single transcript, whereas P‐bodies and stress granules are condensates. Both pre‐translational mRNPs and actively translating mRNPs seem to adopt a linear rather than a closed‐loop configuration. Moreover, assembly of pre‐translational mRNPs in physical RNA regulons is an unlikely event, and co‐regulated translation may occur locally following extracellular cues. We envisage a stochastic mRNP transport mechanism where translational repression of single mRNPs—in combination with microtubule‐mediated cytoplasmic streaming and docking events—are prerequisites for local translation, rather than direct transport.
A review of manufacturing capabilities of cell spheroid generation technologies and future development
Authors: Liu Dan , Chen Sixun , Win Naing May 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpheroid culture provides cells with a three‐dimensional environment that can better mimic physiological conditions compared to monolayer culture. Technologies involved in the generation of cell spheroids are continuously being innovated to produce spheroids with enhanced properties. In this paper, we review the manufacturing capabilities of current cell spheroid generation technologies. We propose that spheroid generation technologies should enable tight and robust process controls to produce spheroids of consistent and repeatable quality. Future technology development for the generation of cell spheroids should look into improvement in process control, standardization, scalability and monitoring, in addition to advanced methods of spheroid transfer and characterization.
Understanding gender‐based differences in the engagement of the youth in agribusiness in South‐Kivu province, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Minyangu Muhindo Patrick , Nguezet Paul Martin Dontsop , Masirika Serge Amato , Adeniyi Adetunji , Olayide Olawale E. , Kaghoma Christian Kamala 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAgribusiness is a means of job creation capable of reducing unemployment among young people in developing countries. However, the rate of unemployment is notably higher among young girls who have a relatively low propensity to seize new entrepreneurial opportunities than their male counterparts. Using the Oaxaca‐Blinder approach, this study measures the share of differences in young men's and young women's engagement in agribusiness in the South‐Kivu province of DR Congo. The study builds on a sample of 375 young people, including 28% of girls, drawn from youth associations in Bukavu and its neighborhoods, the catchment area. The results revealed that a difference of 29% was perceived between the engagement of young men and women in agribusiness. About 3% of this difference was explained by land possession, 16% explained by the contribution of different observable characteristics between the two groups, and 84% attributed to discrimination. Thus, disparities in engagement would have decreased by about 16%, if young women had the same socioeconomic and demographic characteristics or the same access to productive resources as their male counterparts. Therefore, we recommend that interventions aimed at giving equal opportunities to female and male youths should be encouraged and promoted.
A High‐Throughput Screening Method for the Directed Evolution of Hydroxynitrile Lyase towards Cyanohydrin Synthesis
Authors: Zheng Yu‐Cong , Ding Liang‐Yi , Jia Qiao , Lin Zuming , Hong Ran , Yu Hui‐Lei , Xu Jian‐He 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChiral cyanohydrins are useful intermediates in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. In nature, hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) are a kind of elegant tool for enantioselective hydrocyanation of carbonyl compounds. However, currently available methods for demonstrating hydrocyanation are still stalled at precise, but low‐throughput, GC or HPLC analyses. Herein, we report a chromogenic high‐throughput screening (HTS) method that is feasible for the cyanohydrin synthesis reaction. This method was highly anti‐interference and sensitive, and could be used to directly profile the substrate scope of HNLs either in cell‐free extract or fermentation clear broth. This HTS method was also validated by generating new variants of PcHNL5 that presented higher catalytic efficiency and stronger acidic tolerance in variant libraries.
Governance of subsidiaries: The interactive effect of corporate diversification strategy and headquarters' capacity to process information on corporate control mechanisms
Authors: Seifzadeh Pouya , Rowe W. Glenn , Moghaddam Kaveh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe build on extant literature of corporate strategy and diversification to unpack corporate effects and to better understand the antecedents that influence control mechanisms implemented on subsidiaries by their corporate parents. Utilizing data collected over the course of several years from 2704 subsidiaries and their 193 Iranian corporate parents, we find that, while related diversified corporations are likely to put a stronger emphasis on strategic controls, their ability to do so depends on corporate span, the corporate CEO's background, and the size of the corporate headquarters.
Analysis of premixed and non‐premixed co‐injection of volatile gas in an industrial indirect pyrolysis plant
Authors: Khodaei Hassan , Olson Chris , Nikrityuk Petr A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProduction of raw biochar from the pyrolysis of residual wood and biomass materials has recently been bolstered, in part, due to new indirect slow pyrolysis technologies such as continuous moving bed biochar reactors, rotary kiln reactors, and rotary auger systems. The self‐ignition of wood volatile gas blended with supplement fuel is achievable by adequate mixing of volatiles and stoichiometric air under standard combustion temperatures. In this study, two different CFD simulations were deployed to investigate co‐combustion of a non‐premixed swirl air/propane burner. In particular, one case with pre‐mixed air/pyrolysis gases and one case with non‐premixed air/pyrolysis gases were considered in this work. Pyrolysis gases were produced in an indirect industrial pyrolysis plant taking into consideration the contribution of major volatile components such as CH4, CO2, and CO, and two typical moisture contents predicted using the heat transfer analysis between the combustion chamber and the pyrolysis section. The finite rate model/eddy dissipation model coupled with the realizable k‐epsilon RANS model was used to render turbulence‐chemistry interactions. Validation against experimental data published in the literature and measured in the system demonstrated reasonable agreements. It was shown that the injection of premixed volatile gases and air with high temperature results in higher efficient combustion and better heat transfer rate between the combustion chamber and pyrolysis section rather than the alternative non‐premixed conditions. Due to safety considerations, utilizing a non‐premixed configuration in indirect biochar plant is advised, and further improvements through a pre‐heated excess air system and advanced swirl non‐premixed air/volatile injection nozzles is considered to mitigate the energy deficit in this configuration.
The mutational landscape of early‐ and typical‐onset oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Campbell Benjamin R. , Chen Zhishan , Faden Daniel L. , Agrawal Nishant , Li Ryan J. , Hanna Glenn J. , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Boot Arnoud , Rozen Steven G. , Vettore Andre L. , Panda Binay , Krishnan Neeraja M. , Pickering Curtis R. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Guo Xingyi , Lang Kuhs Krystle A. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is increasing among younger birth cohorts. The etiology of early‐onset OTSCC (diagnosed before the age of 50 years) and cancer driver genes remain largely unknown.MethodsThe Sequencing Consortium of Oral Tongue Cancer was established through the pooling of somatic mutation data of oral tongue cancer specimens (n = 227 [107 early‐onset cases]) from 7 studies and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Somatic mutations at microsatellite loci and Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer mutation signatures were identified. Cancer driver genes were identified with the MutSigCV and WITER algorithms. Mutation comparisons between early‐ and typical‐onset OTSCC were evaluated via linear regression with adjustments for patient‐related factors.ResultsTwo novel driver genes (ATXN1 and CDC42EP1) and 5 previously reported driver genes (TP53, CDKN2A, CASP8, NOTCH1, and FAT1) were identified. Six recurrent mutations were identified, with 4 occurring in TP53. Early‐onset OTSCC had significantly fewer nonsilent mutations even after adjustments for tobacco use. No associations of microsatellite locus mutations and mutation signatures with the age of OTSCC onset were observed.ConclusionsThis international, multicenter consortium is the largest study to characterize the somatic mutational landscape of OTSCC and the first to suggest differences by age of onset. This study validates multiple previously identified OTSCC driver genes and proposes 2 novel cancer driver genes. In analyses by age, early‐onset OTSCC had a significantly smaller somatic mutational burden that was not explained by differences in tobacco use.Lay Summary

This study identifies 7 specific areas in the human genetic code that could be responsible for promoting the development of tongue cancer.

Tongue cancer in young patients (under the age of 50 years) has fewer overall changes to the genetic code in comparison with tongue cancer in older patients, but the authors do not think that this is due to differences in smoking rates between the 2 groups.

The cause of increasing cases of tongue cancer in young patients remains unclear.