bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the gap between military prolonged field care monitoring and exploration spaceflight: the compensatory reserve
Authors: Schlotman Taylor E. , Lehnhardt Kris R. , Abercromby Andrew F. , Easter Benjamin D. , Downs Meghan E. , Akers L. T. C. Kevin S. , Convertino Victor A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe concept of prolonged field care (PFC), or medical care applied beyond doctrinal planning timelines, is the top priority capability gap across the US Army. PFC is the idea that combat medics must be prepared to provide medical care to serious casualties in the field without the support of robust medical infrastructure or resources in the event of delayed medical evacuation. With limited resources, significant distances to travel before definitive care, and an inability to evacuate in a timely fashion, medical care during exploration spaceflight constitutes the ultimate example PFC. One of the main capability gaps for PFC in both military and spaceflight settings is the need for technologies for individualized monitoring of a patient’s physiological status. A monitoring capability known as the compensatory reserve measurement (CRM) meets such a requirement. CRM is a small, portable, wearable technology that uses a machine learning and feature extraction-based algorithm to assess real-time changes in hundreds of specific features of arterial waveforms. Future development and advancement of CRM still faces engineering challenges to develop ruggedized wearable sensors that can measure waveforms for determining CRM from multiple sites on the body and account for less than optimal conditions (sweat, water, dirt, blood, movement, etc.). We show here the utility of a military wearable technology, CRM, which can be translated to space exploration.
A mechanistic investigation of corrosion-driven organic coating failure on magnesium and its alloys
Authors: Williams Geraint , Kousis Christos , McMurray Neil , Keil Patrick 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe failure mechanism of model organic coatings from Mg alloy surfaces is characterised by a combination in-situ scanning Kelvin probe analysis and time lapse photography. Initiation of underfilm corrosion by application of group I chloride salts to a penetrative coating defect produces an apparent cathodic-driven coating delamination, where the disbondment distance increases linearly with time at high relative humidity, although filiform corrosion (FFC) is also observed in the vicinity of the defect. The disbondment process occurs both in the presence and absence of oxygen, indicating that hydrogen evolution comprises the predominant underfilm cathodic reaction. Post-corrosion elemental analysis of the delaminated region shows an abundance of group I cation, but no chloride. When magnesium chloride or HCl are used to initiate corrosion, then only FFC is produced. The mechanism is discussed in terms of net anodic dissolution at the defect coupled with underfilm cathodic hydrogen evolution, producing organic coating disbondment under conditions where cations are able to transport ionic current within a zone of increased pH.
Mitochondrial DNA content and oxidation in bipolar disorder and its role across brain regions
Authors: Bodenstein D. F. , Kim H. K. , Brown N. C. , Navaid B. , Young L. T. , Andreazza A. C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe underlying pathology of bipolar disorder remains unknown, though evidence is accumulating to support a role of mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we aim to investigate electron transport chain complex I subunit NDUFS7 protein expression; mtDNA content; common deletion; and oxidation in the Broadmann area 24 (BA24), cerebellum, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex from patients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and non-psychiatric controls. Here, we demonstrate no changes in NDUFS7 in BA24, cerebellum or hippocampus, increases in mtDNA content in hippocampus of patients with bipolar disorder, and decreases in mtDNA oxidation in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, respectively. Paired analysis between BA24 and cerebellum reveal increases within NDUFS7 levels and mtDNA content in cerebellum of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. We found a positive correlation between NDUFS7 and mtDNA content (ND4 and ND5) when combining brain regions. Our study supports the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Rheological, physical, and mechanical properties of chicken skin gelatin films incorporated with potato starch
Authors: Alias Syazwani Aqilah , Mhd Sarbon Norizah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the rheological, physical, and mechanical properties of chicken skin gelatin film forming solutions (FFSs) and films incorporated with potato starch. Chicken skin gelatin-based FFSs with various potato starch concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%, w/w) were prepared via casting technique. The dynamic viscoelastic properties of FFS were measured, and film characterization in terms of physical and mechanical properties was conducted. Potato starch incorporation with chicken skin gelatin-based FFS resulted in improvement of viscous behavior (G″ > G′). As potato starch concentration increased, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and elastic modulus values of chicken skin gelatin-based films also increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, increasing the concentration of potato starch caused incremental changes in water vapor permeability and melting temperatures (Tm), but a reduction in water solubility (p < 0.05). In addition, the surface smoothness and internal structure of composite films improved via potato starch incorporation. The incorporation of potato starch was also found to provide good barrier properties against ultraviolet and visible light, but did not significantly influence the transparency values of composite films. Overall, chicken skin gelatin film with 6% potato starch concentration incorporation was the most promising composite film, since it was found to exhibit optimal performance in terms of physical properties.
Nitric oxide modulating ion balance in Hylotelephium erythrostictum roots subjected to NaCl stress based on the analysis of transcriptome, fluorescence, and ion fluxes
Authors: Chen Zhixin , Zhao Xueqi , Hu Zenghui , Leng Pingsheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSoil salinization is one of the main stress factors that affect both growth and development of plants. Hylotelephium erythrostictum exhibits strong resistance to salt, but the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, hydroponically cultured seedlings of H. erythrostictum were exposed to 200 mM NaCl. RNA-Seq was used to determine root transcriptomes at 0, 5, and 10 days, and potential candidate genes with differential expression were analyzed. Transcriptome sequencing generated 89.413 Gb of raw data, which were assembled into 111,341 unigenes, 82,081 of which were annotated. Differentially expressed genes associated to Na+ and K+ transport, Ca2+ channel, calcium binding protein, and nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis had high expression levels in response to salt stress. An increased fluorescence intensity of NO indicated that it played an important role in the regulation of the cytosolic K+/Na+ balance in response to salt stress. Exogenous NO donor and NO biosynthesis inhibitors significantly increased and decreased the Na+ efflux, respectively, thus causing the opposite effect for K+ efflux. Moreover, under salt stress, exogenous NO donors and NO biosynthesis inhibitors enhanced and reduced Ca2+ influx, respectively. Combined with Ca2+ reagent regulation of Na+ and K+ fluxes, this study identifies how NaCl-induced NO may function as a signaling messenger that modulates the K+/Na+ balance in the cytoplasm via the Ca2+ signaling pathway. This enhances the salt resistance in H. erythrostictum roots.
Pattern and Trend of Night Land Surface Temperature in Africa
Authors: Me-ead Cherdchai , McNeil Rhysa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aims to identify patterns and trends of the night land surface temperature over eight day period from 2000 to 2014 in Africa using statistical analysis. Data were obtained from the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration satellite, comprising 99 locations of 5° by 5° latitude and longitude grid-boxes between latitudes 35° north and south of the equator and longitudes 20° west to 50° east. First, the variation in the night surface temperatures was removed. Then, the trend of seasonally adjusted night temperatures was estimated using linear regression. The correlations between adjoining regions were considered by using factor analysis to classify the temperatures into four regions. Cubic spline models were fitted to the data within these regions to investigate patterns of the temperatures. The result showed that temperatures in most regions of Africa increased. The temperatures decreased was observed in southern Africa and parts of central and eastern Africa.
First evidence of terrestrial ambrein formation in human adipocere
Authors: von der Lühe Barbara , Mayes Robert W. , Thiel Volker , Dawson Lorna A. , Graw Matthias , Rowland Steven J. , Fiedler Sabine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo date, the only known occurrence of ambrein, an important perfumery organic molecule, is in coproliths found in about one in a hundred sperm whales. Jetsam ambergris coproliths from the whale are also found occasionally on beaches worldwide. Here we report on the surprising occurrence of ambrein in human adipocere. Adipocere is a waxy substance formed post-mortem during incomplete anaerobic decomposition of soft tissues. Adipocere samples obtained from grave exhumations were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition to the typical fatty acids of adipocere, lesser amounts of ambrein were identified in the samples, in abundances similar to those of the major accompanying faecal steroids. The distribution of these compounds suggests that ambrein was produced post-mortem during the microbial decomposition of faecal residues and tissues. It is assumed that the adipocere matrix of saturated fatty acidsaided the preservation of ambrein over extended periods of time, because adipocere is stable against degradation. The association of ambrein formation in ageing faecal material, under moist, oxygen-depleted conditions, now requires more attention in studies of other mammalian and geological samples. Indeed, ambrein and its transformation products may be useful novel chemical indicators of aged faecal matter and decomposed bodies.
Use of numerical and spatial information in ordinal counting by zebrafish
Authors: Potrich Davide , Rugani Rosa , Sovrano Valeria Anna , Regolin Lucia , Vallortigara Giorgio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe use of non-symbolic numerical information is widespread throughout the animal kingdom, providing adaptive benefits in several ecological contexts. Here we provide the possible evidence of ordinal numerical skills in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were trained to identify the second exit in a series of five identically-spaced exits along a corridor. When at test the total length of the corridor (Exp. 1) or the distance between exits (Exp. 2) was changed, zebrafish appeared not to use the absolute spatial distance. However, zebrafish relied both on ordinal as well as spatial cues when the number of exits was increased (from 5 to 9) and the inter-exit distance was reduced (Exp. 3), suggesting that they also take into account relative spatial information. These results highlight that zebrafish may provide a useful model organism for the study of the genetic bases of non-symbolic numerical and spatial cognition, and of their interaction.
Integration of metabolome and transcriptome reveals flavonoid accumulation in the intergeneric hybrid between Brassica rapa and Raphanus sativus
Authors: Zhang Libin , Ma Chuang , Chao Hongbo , Long Yan , Wu Jiangsheng , Li Zaiyun , Ge Xianhong , Xia Heng , Yin Yongtai , Batley Jacqueline , Li Maoteng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBrassica rapa and Raphanus sativus are two important edible vegetables that contain numerous nutritional ingredients. However, the agronomic traits and nutritional components of the intergeneric hybrid of B. rapa and R. sativus remain poorly understood. In this study, we used a stably inherited intergeneric hybrid of B. rapa and R. sativus as a model to study its metabolome and transcriptome profiles. Morphological and cytological analysis showed the intergeneric hybrid had the expected chromosome number and normal meiosis behavior. Moreover, the metabolome analysis showed multiple important secondary metabolites, including flavonoids and glucosinolates, were significantly upregulated in the hybrid. Furthermore, transcriptome data revealed that the expression level of the important genes involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways was significantly upregulated in the hybrid. Ultimately, our data indicate the intergeneric hybrid will be a valuable bioengineering resource and promise to become a new-type hybrid vegetable with great medicinal value in future.
A novel ER membrane protein Ehg1/May24 plays a critical role in maintaining multiple nutrient permeases in yeast under high-pressure perturbation
Authors: Kurosaka Goyu , Uemura Satoshi , Mochizuki Takahiro , Kozaki Yuri , Hozumi Akiko , Suwa Sayuri , Ishii Ryoga , Kato Yusuke , Imura Saki , Ishida Natsuho , Noda Yoichi , Abe Fumiyoshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPreviously, we isolated 84 deletion mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae auxotrophic background that exhibited hypersensitive growth under high hydrostatic pressure and/or low temperature. Here, we observed that 24 deletion mutants were rescued by the introduction of four plasmids (LEU2, HIS3, LYS2, and URA3) together to grow at 25 MPa, thereby suggesting close links between the genes and nutrient uptake. Most of the highly ranked genes were poorly characterized, including MAY24/YPR153W. May24 appeared to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Therefore, we designated this gene as EHG (ER-associated high-pressure growth gene) 1. Deletion of EHG1 led to reduced nutrient transport rates and decreases in the nutrient permease levels at 25 MPa. These results suggest that Ehg1 is required for the stability and functionality of the permeases under high pressure. Ehg1 physically interacted with nutrient permeases Hip1, Bap2, and Fur4; however, alanine substitutions for Pro17, Phe19, and Pro20, which were highly conserved among Ehg1 homologues in various yeast species, eliminated interactions with the permeases as well as the high-pressure growth ability. By functioning as a novel chaperone that facilitated coping with high-pressure-induced perturbations, Ehg1 could exert a stabilizing effect on nutrient permeases when they are present in the ER.
Large-signal model of 2DFETs: compact modeling of terminal charges and intrinsic capacitances
Authors: Pasadas Francisco , Marin Enrique G. , Toral-Lopez Alejandro , Ruiz Francisco G. , Godoy Andrés , Park Saungeun , Akinwande Deji , Jiménez David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present a physics-based circuit-compatible model for double-gated two-dimensional semiconductor-based field-effect transistors, which provides explicit expressions for the drain current, terminal charges, and intrinsic capacitances. The drain current model is based on the drift-diffusion mechanism for the carrier transport and considers Fermi–Dirac statistics coupled with an appropriate field-effect approach. The terminal charge and intrinsic capacitance models are calculated adopting a Ward–Dutton linear charge partition scheme that guarantees charge conservation. It has been implemented in Verilog-A to make it compatible with standard circuit simulators. In order to benchmark the proposed modeling framework we also present experimental DC and high-frequency measurements of a purposely fabricated monolayer MoS2-FET showing excellent agreement between the model and the experiment and thus demonstrating the capabilities of the combined approach to predict the performance of 2DFETs.
Establishment of ISO 4037‐1 X‐ray narrow‐spectrum series
Authors: Zhang Deliang , Lai Wanchang , Wu Jinjie , Du Haiyan , Zhao Rui , Fan Song 
Published: December 2019

In order to calibrate radiation protection instruments and determine radiation dose, it is critical to establish an X‐ray narrow‐spectrum series recommended by the standard ISO 4037‐1 which is published by the International Standardisation Organisation (ISO). By experiment, the qualities of filtered X radiation of narrow‐spectrum series in the range from 60 to 300 kV were established. The differences of the first half‐value layer (HVL1) and the second HVL (HVL2) between experimental results and the values given in the standard ISO 4037‐1 were all within 5%. What is more, the Monte Carlo code EGSnrc was used to simulate the spectra of these radiation qualities, which showed a good agreement with these spectra given in the standard ISO 4037‐1. The spectral resolution, mean energy and effective energy of these reference qualities can be obtained, which are all have good agreement with the given values.
The Forgotten Quadrant Survey
Authors: Benedettini M. , Molinari S. , Baldeschi A. , Beltrán M. T. , Brand J. , Cesaroni R. , Elia D. , Fontani F. , Merello M. , Olmi L. , Pezzuto S. , Rygl K. L. J. , Schisano E. , Testi L. , Traficante A. 
Published: December 2019

Aims. We present the Forgotten Quadrant Survey (FQS), an ESO large project that used the 12 m antenna of the Arizona Radio Observatory to map the Galactic plane in the range 220° < l <  240° and −2.°5 <  b <  0°, both in 12CO (1–0) and 13CO (1–0), at a spectral resolution of 0.65 km s−1 and 0.26 km s−1.
Methods. We used the (1–0) transition of carbon monoxide to trace the molecular component of the interstellar medium. Our data set allows us to easily identify how the molecular dense gas is organised at different spatial scales: from the giant clouds with their denser filamentary networks, down to the clumps and cores that host the new-born stars and to obtain reliable estimates of their key physical parameters such as size and mass.
Results. We present the first release of the data of the FQS survey and discuss their quality. Spectra with 0.65 km s−1 velocity channels have noise ranging from 0.8 K to 1.3 K for 12CO (1–0) and from 0.3 K to 0.6 K for 13CO (1–0). In this first paper, we used the 12CO (1–0) spectral cubes to produce a catalogue of 263 molecular clouds. The clouds are grouped in three main structures corresponding to the Local, Perseus, and Outer arms up to a distance of ∼8.6 kpc from the Sun. This is the first self-consistent statistical catalogue of molecular clouds of the outer Galaxy obtained with a subarcminute spatial resolution and therefore able to detect not only the classical giant molecular clouds, but also the small clouds and to resolve the cloud structure at the sub-parsec scale up to a distance of a few kiloparsec. We found two classes of objects: structures with sizes above a few parsecs that are typical molecular clouds and may be self-gravitating, and subparsec structures that cannot be in gravitational equilibrium and are likely transient or confined by external pressure. We used the ratio between the Herschel H2 column density and the integrated intensity of the CO lines to calculate the CO conversion factor and we found mean values of (3.3 ± 1.4) × 1020 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1 and (1.2 ± 0.4) × 1021 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1, for 12CO (1–0) and 13CO (1–0), respectively.
Conclusions. The FQS contributes to the general effort in producing a new generation of high-quality spectroscopic data for the Galactic plane in the less-studied third Galactic quadrant toward the outer Galaxy. The FQS has produced a data set of great legacy value, largely improving the data quality both in terms of sensitivity and spatial resolution over previous data sets.
Slowly rotating Bose–Einstein condensate compared with the rotation curves of 12 dwarf galaxies
Authors: Kun E. , Keresztes Z. , Gergely L. Á. 
Published: December 2019

Context.The high plateaus of the rotation curves of spiral galaxies suggest either that there is a dark component or that the Newtonian gravity requires modifications on galactic scales to explain the observations. We assemble a database of 12 dwarf galaxies, for which optical (R-band) and near-infrared (3.6 μm) surface brightness density together with spectroscopic rotation curve data are available, in order to test the slowly rotating Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) dark matter model.Aims.We aim to establish the angular velocity range compatible with observations, bounded from above by the requirement of finite-size halos, to check the model fits with the dataset, and the universality of the BEC halo parameter ℛ.Methods.We constructed the spatial luminosity density of the stellar component of the dwarf galaxies based on their 3.6 μm andR-band surface brightness profiles, assuming an axisymmetric baryonic mass distribution with arbitrary axis ratio. We built up the gaseous component of the mass by employing an inside-truncated disk model. We fitted a baryonic plus dark matter combined model, parametrized by theM/Lratios of the baryonic components and parameters of the slowly rotating BEC (the central densityρc, size of the BEC halo ℛ in the static limit, angular velocityω) to the rotation curve data.Results.The 3.6 μm surface brightness of six galaxies indicates the presence of a bulge and a disk component. The shape of the 3.6 μm andR-band spatial mass density profiles being similar is consistent with the stellar mass of the galaxies emerging wavelength-independent. The slowly rotating BEC model fits the rotation curve of 11 galaxies out of 12 within the 1σsignificance level, with the average of ℛ as 7.51 kpc and standard deviation of 2.96 kpc. This represents an improvement over the static BEC model fits, also discussed. For the 11 best-fitting galaxies the angular velocities allowing for a finite-size slowly rotating BEC halo are less then 2.2 × 10−16s−1.For a scattering length of the BEC particle ofa ≈ 106fm, as allowed by terrestrial laboratory experiments, the mass of the BEC particle is slightly better constrained than in the static case asm ∈ [1.26 × 10−17 ÷ 3.08 × 10−17] (eV c−2).