bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental temperature predicts the adult response to stressors in a free‐living passerine
Authors: Uehling Jennifer J. , Taff Conor C. , Winkler David W. , Vitousek Maren N. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Early‐life conditions can have substantial effects on the ways animals respond to stressors as adults. In particular, thermal conditions during development affect juveniles' responses to stressors, and there is evidence that these effects may extend into adulthood. However, these effects remain poorly understood, especially in free‐living organisms.

We test the prediction that ambient temperatures during laying, embryonic development and nestling development affect the hormonal mediators of the response to stressors in adults. To do so, we use a long‐term dataset of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) with records from both natal development and adult breeding.

We found a strong, negative relationship between ambient temperature during early development (incubation) and an individual's corticosterone (CORT) response to stress later in life (while incubating her own young). Thermal conditions during other stages of natal development also showed a weak relationship with baseline CORT during provisioning.

In a post hoc analysis, we found no evidence that ambient temperature during development differentially influenced the survival and recruitment of juveniles with different CORT phenotypes.

Our results show that thermal conditions during development can have long‐term effects on how individuals respond to stressors.
The Hiroshima memory complex
Authors: Olesen Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 is one of the most powerful global memories. While the literature on global memories has greatly expanded in recent decades, Hiroshima remains surprisingly understudied. In addressing this lacuna, this paper develops a new theoretical prism for the study of global memories. It argues that the Hiroshima memory cannot be understood in isolation, but rather as the hub in a broader memory complex. This complex is the result of symbolic dialogues that connect Hiroshima with such different events, situations, and memories as Nanjing, Pearl Harbor, the Cold War, and so on. The paper demonstrates how these dialogues have been forged, often in the context of substantial controversy. While distinctly sociological in orientation, the paper takes its main theoretical inspiration from cultural, literary, and history scholars such as Jan and Aleida Assmann, Sebastian Conrad, Astrid Erll, Ann Rigney, Michael Rothberg, Aby Warburg and Mikhael Bakhtin.
Long noncoding RNA SNHG7 contributes to cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in non‐small cell lung cancer by regulating miR‐449a/TGIF2 axis
Authors: Pang Lingling , Cheng Yun , Zou Shenchun , Song Jie 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an intractable malignant lung cancer with high rates of metastasis and mortality. Currently, long noncoding RNA nuclear RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) is recognized as a biomarker of multiple cancers. However, the role of SNHG7 in NSCLC requires further understanding.MethodsThe expression of SNHG7, miR‐449a and TGIF2 in NSCLC tumors and cells was examined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Cell migration and invasion was conducted using transwell assay. Protein expression of TGIF2, vimentin, N‐cadherin and E‐cadherin was detected by western blot. The interaction between miR‐449a and SNHG7 or TGIF2 was determined by luciferase reporter system, RIP and RNA pull‐down assay, respectively. Xenograft mice models were established by subcutaneously injecting A549 cells transfected with sh‐SNHG7 and sh‐control.ResultsSNHG7 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tumors and cells compared with normal tissues and cells. SNHG7 silencing repressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NSCLC. Consistently, SNHG7 knockdown hindered tumor growth in vivo. The subsequent luciferase reporter system, RIP and RNA pull‐down assay validated the interaction between miR‐449a and SNHG7 or TGIF2. The rescue experiments displayed that miR‐449a inhibitor counteracted SNHG7 silencing induced inhibition on proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT. Similarly, restoration of TGIF2 reversed miR‐449a mediated inhibition on cell progression. In addition, the results indicated that SNHG7 could regulate cell progression by targeting miR‐449a/TGIF2 axis.ConclusionSNHG7 contributed to cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in NSCLC by upregulating TGIF2 via sponging miR‐449a, representing a novel targeted therapy method for NSCLC.
Grafted muscle‐derived stem cells promote the therapeutic efficiency of epimysium conduits in mice with peripheral nerve gap injury
Authors: Xu Zhuqiu , Chen Zixiang , Feng Weifeng , Huang Minlu , Yang Xiaonan , Qi Zuoliang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOur research aimed to build allogeneic artificial conduits with epimysium and muscle‐derived stem cells (MDSCs) from the skeletal muscle of mice. We applied the conduit to repair peripheral nerve defects and estimated the effectiveness of the repair process. In the research, we prepared epimysium conduits with lumens to bridge repair a 5‐mm‐long sciatic nerve defect from C57 wild‐type mice and then transplanted green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐MDSCs and Matrigel suspensions into the conduit. Histological and functional assessments were performed 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The tissue‐engineered conduit from muscle effectively repaired the nerve defect, while the group with GFP‐MDSCs showed improved histological examinations and functional assessments, and the newborn nerves highly expressed GFP. As the results suggested, autologous epimysium conduits represent a reliable method to repair peripheral nerve defects, and the addition of MDSCs promote the effectiveness of differentiating into multiple lineages. Our research simultaneously demonstrated the myogenic, neurogenic, and angiogenic potential of MDSCs in vivo for the first time.
Effects of land‐use change on functional and taxonomic diversity of Neotropical bats
Authors: Farneda Fábio Z. , Meyer Christoph F. J. , Grelle Carlos E. V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman land‐use changes are particularly extensive in tropical regions, representing one of the greatest threats to terrestrial biodiversity and a key research topic in conservation. However, studies considering the effects of different types of anthropogenic disturbance on the functional dimension of biodiversity in human‐modified landscapes are rare. Here, we obtained data through an extensive review of peer‐reviewed articles and compared 30 Neotropical bat assemblages in well‐preserved primary forest and four different human‐disturbed habitats in terms of their functional and taxonomic diversity. We found that disturbed habitats that are structurally less similar to primary forest (pasture, cropland, and early‐stage secondary forest) were characterized by a lower functional and taxonomic diversity, as well as community‐level functional uniqueness. These habitats generally retained fewer species that perform different ecological functions compared to higher‐quality landscape matrices, such as agroforestry. According to functional trait composition, different bat ensembles respond differently to landscape change, negatively affecting mainly gleaning insectivorous bats in pasture, narrow‐range species in cropland, and heavier animalivorous bats in secondary forest. Although our results highlight the importance of higher‐quality matrix habitats to support elevated functional and taxonomic bat diversity, the conservation of bat species that perform different ecological functions in the mosaic of human‐modified habitats also depends on the irreplaceable conservation value of well‐preserved primary forests. Our study based on a pooled analysis of individual studies provides novel insights into the effects of different human‐modified habitats on Neotropical bat assemblages.
Participation in leisure activities in adolescents with congenital heart defects
Authors: Majnemer Annette , Rohlicek Charles , Dahan‐Oliel Noemi , Sahakian Sossy , Mazer Barbara , Maltais Désirée B , Schmitz Norbert 
Published: December 2019

AimTo describe leisure participation in adolescents with congenital heart defects (CHD) and identify factors associated with intensity of participation.MethodEighty adolescents with CHD were recruited (39 males, 41 females; mean age [SD] 15y 8mo [1y 8mo] range 11y 5mo–19y 11mo) of whom 78 completed the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) outcome measure of leisure participation. The measure has five subscales: recreational, active‐physical, social, skill‐based, and self‐improvement. Associations between the CAPE and age, sex, and development were examined. Motor ability (Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition), cognition (Leiter International Performance Scale‐Revised), behavior (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), and motivation (Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire) were assessed.ResultsParticipants exhibited impaired motor (43.5%), behavioral (23.7%), and cognitive (29.9%) development. The most intense participation was in social (mean [SD] 3.3 [0.99]) and recreational (2.9 [0.80]) activity types on the CAPE. Male sex (p<0.05) and younger age were associated with greater physical activity (<15y: 1.87; ≥15y: 1.31, p<0.05). Greater engagement in social activities was related to better cognition (r=0.28, p<0.05), higher motor function (r=0.30–0.36, p<0.01), and fewer behavioral difficulties (r=−0.32 to −0.47, p<0.01). Cognitive ability (r=0.27, p<0.05), dexterity and aiming/catching (r=0.27–0.33, p<0.05), and behavior problems (r=0.38–0.49, p=0.001) were correlated with physical activity participation. Persistence in tasks, an aspect of motivation, correlated with physical (r=0.45, p<0.001) and social activity involvement (r=0.28, p<0.05).InterpretationOngoing developmental impairments in adolescents with CHD are associated with decreased active‐physical and social engagement, putting them at risk of poor physical and mental health. Health promotion strategies should be considered.What this paper adds

Adolescents with congenital heart defects (CHD) have limited engagement in active‐physical leisure activities.

Cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments are associated with decreased participation in leisure in children with CHD.

Female sex and older age are associated with less engagement in leisure.

Mastery motivation correlates with participation, suggesting an avenue for intervention.
Application of droplet digital PCR in diagnosing of X monosomy in mares
Authors: Szczerbal Izabela , Nowacka‐Woszuk Joanna , Kopp‐Kuhlman Christine , Mackowski Mariusz , Switonski Marek 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundX monosomy is the most common disorder of sex development in horses. Although cytogenetic analysis is still the gold standard in the diagnosis of equine X monosomy, novel molecular techniques are being sought to quickly and reliably detect this chromosome abnormality.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a novel variant of the PCR technique—namely, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR)—in the detection of X monosomy in mares.Study designA proof of concept of the usefulness of ddPCR in diagnosing an abnormal number of X chromosomes in mares.MethodsWe examined an infertile mare using cytogenetic (fluorescent in situ hybridisation—FISH) and molecular (droplet digital PCR—ddPCR) techniques. The X chromosome copy number in ddPCR was estimated via detection of the AMELX gene copy number. In addition, 70 mares homozygous for X‐linked microsatellite marker (LEX3) were examined by ddPCR. For all mares, a PCR search for the Y‐linked SRY gene was also performed.ResultsCytogenetic analysis and ddPCR gave concordant results, indicating pure X monosomy in the studied mare. Of the 70 additional mares examined by ddPCR, a single copy of the X chromosome was found in two cases. All mares were SRY‐negative and thus both freemartinism, manifested by leucocyte XX/XY chimerism, and sex reversal syndrome (XX, SRY‐positive) could be excluded.Main limitationsThe ddPCR approach does not allow for unequivocal identification of mosaicism (63,X/64,XX or 65,XXX/64,XX), but may give an indication that further cytogenetic analysis is necessary.ConclusionThe ddPCR approach appeared to be useful for diagnosing nonmosaic X monosomy in mares. If the number of X chromosome copies in a mare, as determined by ddPCR, differs from two (in our study, <1.8 or >2.2), additional cytogenetic investigation is recommended with the aim of detecting the mosaicism.
Predicting optimal combinations of by‐catch reduction devices in trawl gears: A meta‐analytical approach
Authors: Melli Valentina , Herrmann Bent , Karlsen Junita Diana , Feekings Jordan Paul , Krag Ludvig Ahm 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlobal efforts to reduce unwanted catches have led to the development of a vast array of by‐catch reduction devices (BRDs), in particular for mixed trawl fisheries. Some of these BRDs could likely benefit from being combined. However, the number of possible combinations would be prohibitive to be tested experimentally. Therefore, in this study we propose a meta‐analytical approach that combines the data available on BRDs tested independently in a fishery and predict the theoretical selectivity of all possible combinations of those devices. This allows to identify promising BRD combinations, worth experimental investigation and flexible trawl configurations, where the selectivity can be substantially modified by adding or removing one BRD, thus aiding fishermen in adapting to high variability in catch composition and quota availability. To illustrate the approach, we used BRDs developed for the well‐studied Nephrops (Nephrops norvegicus, Nephropidae) directed mixed trawl fishery in the Skagerrak and Kattegat seas. We predicted the selectivity of 100 BRD combinations for Nephrops, cod (Gadus morhua, Gadidae) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Gadidae), compared them in terms of absolute selectivity and performance under realistic catch scenarios, from both single‐ and multispecies perspectives, and identified 15 BRD combinations that could be worth future experimental investigation. The meta‐analytical approach makes best use of existing knowledge and leads to new insights about the potential for improvement and flexibility in trawl selectivity. This could benefit a variety of mixed trawl fisheries and help developing a new generation of more flexible gears, with multiple BRDs integrated in their structure.
The mitigation hierarchy for sharks: A risk‐based framework for reconciling trade‐offs between shark conservation and fisheries objectives
Authors: Booth Hollie , Squires Dale , Milner‐Gulland Eleanor Jane 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSharks and their cartilaginous relatives are one of the world's most threatened species groups. The primary cause is overfishing in targeted and bycatch fisheries. Reductions in fishing mortality are needed to halt shark population declines. However, this requires complex fisheries management decisions, which often entail trade‐offs between conservation objectives and fisheries objectives. We propose the mitigation hierarchy (MH)—a step‐wise precautionary approach for minimizing the impacts of human activity on biodiversity—as a novel framework for supporting these management decisions. We outline a holistic conceptual model for risks to sharks in fisheries, which includes biophysical, operational and socioeconomic considerations. We then demonstrate how this model, in conjunction with the MH, can support risk‐based least cost shark conservation. Through providing examples from real‐world fishery management problems, we illustrate how the MH can be applied to a range of species, fisheries and contexts, and explore some of the opportunities and challenges hereto. Finally, we outline next steps for research and implementation. This is important in the context of increasing international regulation of shark fishing and trade, which must lead to reductions in shark mortality, while managing trade‐offs between conservation objectives and the socioeconomic value of fisheries.
Molecular basis for the preferential recognition of β1,3‐1,4‐glucans by the family 11 carbohydrate‐binding module from Clostridium thermocellum
Authors: Ribeiro Diana O. , Viegas Aldino , Pires Virgínia M. R. , Medeiros‐Silva João , Bule Pedro , Chai Wengang , Marcelo Filipa , Fontes Carlos M. G. A. , Cabrita Eurico J. , Palma Angelina S. , Carvalho Ana Luísa 
Published: December 2019

Understanding the specific molecular interactions between proteins and β1,3‐1,4‐mixed‐linked d‐glucans is fundamental to harvest the full biological and biotechnological potential of these carbohydrates and of proteins that specifically recognize them. The family 11 carbohydrate‐binding module from Clostridium thermocellum (CtCBM11) is known for its binding preference for β1,3‐1,4‐mixed‐linked over β1,4‐linked glucans. Despite the growing industrial interest of this protein for the biotransformation of lignocellulosic biomass, the molecular determinants of its ligand specificity are not well defined. In this report, a combined approach of methodologies was used to unravel, at a molecular level, the ligand recognition of CtCBM11. The analysis of the interaction by carbohydrate microarrays and NMR and the crystal structures of CtCBM11 bound to β1,3‐1,4‐linked glucose oligosaccharides showed that both the chain length and the position of the β1,3‐linkage are important for recognition, and identified the tetrasaccharide Glcβ1,4Glcβ1,4Glcβ1,3Glc sequence as a minimum epitope required for binding. The structural data, along with site‐directed mutagenesis and ITC studies, demonstrated the specificity of CtCBM11 for the twisted conformation of β1,3‐1,4‐mixed‐linked glucans. This is mediated by a conformation–selection mechanism of the ligand in the binding cleft through CH‐π stacking and a hydrogen bonding network, which is dependent not only on ligand chain length, but also on the presence of a β1,3‐linkage at the reducing end and at specific positions along the β1,4‐linked glucan chain. The understanding of the detailed mechanism by which CtCBM11 can distinguish between linear and mixed‐linked β‐glucans strengthens its exploitation for the design of new biomolecules with improved capabilities and applications in health and agriculture.DatabaseStructural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession codes 6R3M and 6R31.
New trade formations: precarity, pragmatic cosmopolitanism and long‐distance trade in the Caucasus
Authors: SKVIRSKAJA VERA 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor many ordinary people responding to ongoing post‐Soviet precarity, domestic and transnational trade has become a common choice of livelihood. This article is about the small and medium sized traders who deal in cheap Chinese commodities in the Caucasus –particularly in Georgia and Armenia. It introduces the notion of ‘trade formations’ to account for the multiple ways in which cross‐cultural trade and microfinance practices, as well as stereotypes about national and regional groups and trading minorities, highlight the role of trust, reputation and everyday diplomacy in long‐distance commercial networks. While current trade networks are rooted in the cultures of trade practised under the Soviets, dispositions of pragmatic cosmopolitanism and defensive nationalism often determine who may or may not respond to post‐Soviet precarity by turning to transnational trade, embracing political and religious diversity, and overlooking hostilities, past and present.
Identification and characterization of a Masculinizer homologue in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella
Authors: Harvey‐Samuel T. , Norman V. C. , Carter R. , Lovett E. , Alphey L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecently, a novel sex‐determination system was identified in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) in which a piwi‐interacting RNA (piRNA) encoded on the female‐specific W chromosome silences a Z‐linked gene (Masculinizer) that would otherwise initiate male sex‐determination and dosage compensation. Masculinizer provides various opportunities for developing improved genetic pest management tools. A pest lepidopteran in which a genetic pest management system has been developed, but which would benefit greatly from such improved designs, is the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. However, Masculinizer has not yet been identified in this species. Here, focusing on the previously described ‘masculinizing’ domain of B. mori Masculinizer, we identify P. xylostella Masculinizer (PxyMasc). We show that PxyMasc is Z‐linked, regulates sex‐specific alternative splicing of doublesex and is necessary for male survival. Similar results in B. mori suggest this survival effect is possibly through failure to initiate male dosage compensation. The highly conserved function and location of this gene between these two distantly related lepidopterans suggests a deep role for Masculinizer in the sex‐determination systems of the Lepidoptera.
Metabolic changes during malignant transformation in primary cells of oral lichen planus: Succinate accumulation and tumour suppression
Authors: Yang Qiaozhen , Sun Hongying , Wang Xiaxia , Yu Xuedi , Zhang Jie , Guo Bin , Hexige Saiyin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is usually diagnosed at late stages, which leads to high morbidity. There are evidence that chronic inflammation (eg oral lichen planus [OLP]) was a risk factor of OSCC, but often misdiagnosed or ignored until invasion and metastasis. By applying precision medicine, the molecular microenvironment variations and relevant biomarkers for the malignant transformation from OLP to OSCC can be fully investigated. Several studies pointed out that the metabolic pathway were suppressed in OSCC. However, it remains unclear how the systemic profile of the metabolites change during the malignant transformation. In this study, we examined and compared the mucosa samples from 11 healthy individuals, 10 OLP patients and 21 OSCC patients. Based on the results, succinate, a key metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway, was accumulated in the primary cultured precancerous OLP keratinocytes and OSCC cells. Then, we found that succinate activated the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α) pathway and induced apoptosis, which could also be up‐regulated by the tumour suppressor lncRNA MEG3. These results suggested the critical roles of succinate and MEG3 in the metabolic changes during malignant transformation from OLP to OSCC, which indicated that succinate, HIF1α and downstream proteins might serve as new biomarkers of precancerous OLP for early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. In addition, succinate or its prodrugs might become a potential therapy for the prevention or treatment of OSCC.