bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Wind Shear Coefficients and Conditions of Atmospheric Stability for Three Iraqi Sites
Authors: Resen Ali K , Khamees Ahmed B , Yaseen Saif F 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The coefficient of wind shear at low and high frequencies, from diurnal and seasonal variations to disturbance caused by weather patterns, is subject to temporal fluctuations, but in many cases, the coefficient of wind shear assumed as a constant. This presumption causes major resource management errors, raises instability in projects and potentially affects the ability to control the wind turbines connected to the grid. Hourly average of 10 m wind speed with a standard (50 m) height employed to estimate the WSC with the well-known power equation for the wind profile law. This paper estimates WSC from wind speed data on three sites in Iraq. Monthly wind speed and wind direction changes were determined for these locations. The variations of WSC in one year are (0.23, 0.2, and 0.35) for Al-Shehabi, Al-Najaf, and Al-Fajer respectively. In the summer months (June to September) it is obvious that average wind speeds in all select areas increase while in other seasons they are almost decreasing. The WSC had neural diurnal and monthly variations. Due to the increased temperature at this period of year, WSC has decreased at mid-day, and this is valid for all studied site during the winter and summer days. The stability of atmosphere conditions was determined as stable, stable, and strongly stable for Al-Shehabi, Al-Najaf and Al-Fajer sites respectively.
Locating Site Selection for Rainwater Harvesting Structure using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Khudhair M A , Sayl K N , Darama Y 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Rainfall is a key source to diminish the problem of water scarcity in the arid and semi-arid regions. Rainwater harvesting is considered an imperious tool for rainwater conservation. Locating the appropriate location for rainwater harvesting structure plays an important role to increase water availability and improve water resources planning. The main goal of this paper is to recognize the proper location for a rainwater harvesting structure using a suitability model generated with ModelBuilder in ArcGIS. Six thematic layers i.e. soil structure, slope, drainage density, vegetation cover, distance to the roads, and runoff depth, are considered to find the proper site for rainwater harvesting structure. The result shows that 12% represents the suitable zone of the total study area, 42% represents the medium suitable area, and 46% represents not suitable areas to implement rainwater harvesting structure. The application of this scheme should maintain any policy adoption for site selection for rainwater harvesting.
Mechanical and sustainability assessment of induction heatable asphalt tiles and asphalt pellets in road maintenance
Authors: Obaidi Hadel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, two new methods for pothole repairing are proposed, assessed and compared. The first method is a combination of a prefabricated asphalt tile and a bonding layer that can be placed into a sanitized pothole and bonded by applying electromagnetic induction heating. The second approach consists of the prefabrication of asphalt pellets that can directly fill a given pothole and be heated by induction. By combining prefabrication and on-site induction heating, both methods offer high-quality mechanical performance while reducing the production of debris and noxious fumes. They can also improve work conditions for operators and the cost/time efficiency of road maintenance. In this research, both technologies were experimentally assessed through mechanical properties, such as tensile and shear strength and demonstrated by repairing potholes previously created on testing slabs and subjected to wheel tracking tests. Furthermore, the innovative patching materials have been evaluated from energy consumption. Both methods obtained very satisfactory results, showing excellent durability much more similar to a new road than to a road repaired with current techniques frequently used.
Change in land-uses of Ramadi city and its influence on public transportation sustainability
Authors: Ahmed N. A. , Mahmood T. S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The transportation system in the city of Ramadi, like other Iraqi cities, suffers from many problems for many reasons, notably, changing land uses there. Since the mid-nineties, the change from residential to commercial use was common in Ramadi, and the absence of successful and sustainable planning has exacerbated the problems more due to a large number of planning violations. Here lies the problem of the study, which is the negative impact of the change on the sustainability of urban transportation. In order to address such problems, there is a need for in-depth knowledge of the impact ratios and their reasons for resolving the various transportation changes under study, which is the sustainability of public transport for its significance, and it is deeply affected by changes in land uses. The aim of the study stems from impact standardization and its spatial location and analyzing it by using geographic information systems. The model can be adopted and circulated to the rest of the Iraqi cities in order to present a vision to address the negative impact resulting from the change in land uses and to achieve the goals of sustainable planning for the urban area.
Municipal Waste Water Treatment Using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
Authors: Mohammed H.M , Kheria M.E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) method was used throughout this research; the experiments were carried out at the site of the Zafaraniya (MBR) project. This system has also the advantages of low initial and performance costs. Different time periods were used in this study ranging (3-8) hours for 9 months, the tests has been conducted in the environmental laboratory of the Zafaraniya (MBR) project. The removal efficiency of PO4 from waste water depends on the change of anoxic conditions to aerobic. This efficiency is a maximum when the periods of the two types of conditions are equal; the removal of NO3 depends on food supply for micro-organisms which convert nitrates to nitrogen gas under anoxic conditions so it is change able. According to the results gained, this kind of treatment could be used to removal phosphates & nitrates from waste waters, several experiments were conducted for the process and with different times that occur in a reactor (SBR) to reach the appropriate time to remove all pollutants from the waste water. The removal ratio was achieved when the time of the anaerobic process was equal to the time of the aerobic process that followed it. High removing efficiency in the pollutants was obtained. Phosphorous and nitrate from waste water, the percentages of removal were reached at (91.3% & 98%) for PO4 and NH3 relatively.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Pomegranate Peel
Authors: Rashed Musaab K. , Tayh Wissam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Research was undertaking to evaluate the ability of pomegranate peel in removing heavy metal cations Cu+2, Cd+2 & Zn+2 from wastewater. Simulated artificial water via batch adsorption approach was used in this study. Pomegranate peel was cleaned thoroughly to remove dust and dirt before drying them. Next, the peels were grinded (approximately less than 1mm in size) and directly used in different adsorbent/metal ion ratios. The metal ion concentration begins from 1000 ppm. The effect of contact duration, initial concentration of metal ion and loading weight of adsorbent on the percentage of heavy metal removal were investigated. The experiment was conducted at room temperature of 25 °C and pH value was maintained at the range of 5 to 6. From the observation and analysis, it was found that pomegranate peel successfully removed the heavy metals. The removal percentage observed was 80% for Cu+2 ions, 50.5% for Cd+2 ions and 32.5% for Zn+2 ions. The removal percentage was achieved within an hour of contact with an adsorbent loading ratio of 30 g/l. However, the removal percentage of mixed ions was relatively low, resulting from competition and interaction between the ions. The Pomegranate peel is available in huge quantities, low cost and can be used as an efficient metal ion adsorbent.
Performance of Oil on Bio-Methane Creation under Anaerobic Co-Fermentation Condition. Review
Authors: Alhraishawi A A. , Alani W K , Chaichan M T , Jawad R S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Anaerobic fermentation of oil is becoming appealing benefit due to its high biodegradation in outputting biogas. Due to a complex synthesis organic wastes, oil has been inspected as potency the substrate to output biogas when fermented under non-aerobically as compared to {carbohydrate and protein}. However, it is familiar that oil degradation leads to inhibition of biogas creation with delay phase occurrence, sewage floatation, and failure. Co-fermentation of oil wastes has offered a promotion to bio methane creation of reducing decomposition of the bacteria but the test of slow ‘hydrolysis’ due to inhibition still takes place. Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) generated during hydrolysis is recognized as firstly inhibitor due to its poisoning influences on cell wall adsorption by communities bacteria. This research reviews the scientific previously literature on biogas creation, ways to minimize oil discouraged in promotion biogas creation.
The x-ray diffraction study of the composition of the powder materials from the waste steel X13
Authors: Ageeva E.V. , Khardikov S.V. , Novikov A. N. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To restore and protect the surfaces of parts using a layer of molten metal, various methods of surfacing are used, differing from each other by melting methods and compositions of the welding medium: electric arc, flame, plasma, laser, induction, etc. With this technology, metals of various chemical composition, including copper, bronze, cast iron, as well as nickel, cobalt and chromium alloys can be deposited on the working surfaces of steel structures. There are several ways to obtain such powder materials. The most promising method for obtaining powder materials is the electro-erosion dispersion method (EED), which is distinguished by its ecological purity of the process and relatively low energy expenditure. To study the structure of the particles of the obtained powders, their X-ray structural analysis was performed on a RigakuUltima IV X-ray diffractometer.
X-ray diffraction analysis of sintered products from electro-erosion materials, obtained from Cr17 alloy waste
Authors: Sysoev A A , Grashkov SA , Pivovar NA 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article presents the phase composition study of sintered samples from electro-erosion materials of the Cr17 alloy, obtained in lighting kerosene. It was established that the main phases in the sintered sample are FeCr0,29Ni0,16C0,06, Cr, Cr7C3.
Texture and anisotropy of the mechanical properties of 2 mm sheets of Mg-9Li-3Al-0.4Ce alloy
Authors: Ya Betsofen S , Grushin I A , Petrov A A , Speransky K A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The phase composition, texture and anisotropy of the mechanical properties of 2 mm sheets of Mg-9Li-3Al-0.4Ce alloy were studied by X-ray diffraction and mechanical tests. It is shown that the alloy contains two solid solutions, the α phase with HCP lattice based on Mg and the β phase with BCC lattice based on Li. Intermetallic Al12Mg17 is also present in the alloy. Alloy sheets are characterized by a basal α-phase texture. At the same time, the most durable prismatic orientations are mainly located in the transverse rolling direction (TD), which leads to higher strength properties in this direction compared to the rolling direction (RD). The texture of the basicβ-phase in RD and TD does not differ and, accordingly, does not contribute to the anisotropy of strength properties.
Improving the reliability of metal structures of buildings and structures during reconstruction
Authors: Mezentseva A , Gel’manova Z , Konakbayeva A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recently, the direction of prestressing metal structures, the regulation of forces in which is made by various methods without the use of high-strength steel is one of the hot spots of research. In this paper, an unconventional method for creating pre -stress in tubular elements using an expanding substance is applied. As used by a non-explosive destructive mixture (NDM).
Increasing the operational reliability of car variators due to creating regular surface microrelief by laser ablation
Authors: Yagyaev Elmar , Shron Leonid , Meniuk Dmitriy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper analyzes the car variator reliability issue. The variator performance is ensured by the surface layer quality, manufacturing accuracy, and the pulley and steel V-belt surface microrelief. The decisive factor in ensuring the variator reliability is the pulley finishing technique. Creating regular microreliefs on the finished pulley surface by laser ablation has been proposed, which act as micro-channels to improve the drainage of oil from the contact pattern. Creating oil channels on the pulley surface by laser ablation will ensure their arrangement and allow obtaining the desired pattern, direction, depth, and length.
Development and experimental studies of new types of sheet metal stamping equipment
Authors: Yu Botashev A , Bayramukov R A , Bisilov N U , Malsugenov R S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, developed devices for gas sheet stamping are presented. The devices allow to significantly reduce the cost of products. They can be used both for food manufacturing, petrochemical industry and other branches of industry. Prototypes of products obtained experimentally are presented.
Theoretical calculations of mechanotermic destruction process with regard to general rubber goods
Authors: Ametov I E , Abkhairova C V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Reference data on the properties of rubbers and some fillers included in their composition are considered. Based on them, the values of electric and thermal power necessary for the processing of waste tires and other rubber products are calculated. The calculations showed the undoubted advantage of the mechanothermal destruction of rubber products in comparison with the classical pyrolysis methods.
Biopolymer bindings for casting manufacturing processes on the technological lignin basis
Authors: Svinoroev Yu A , Dyadichev V V , Ternovskoy O A , Dyadicheva I V , Yu Melnik A , Ye Chornobay S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper analyzes the problem of using technological lignins to make new bindings for casting manufacturing processes. The reasons, restraining their application in casting manufacture, are considered. The objective (based on the physical nature of the material) and subjective (based on commercial benefit) reasons are presented. The paper considers the perspectives of application of technological lignins by the example of technological lignosulfonates use which is the main representative of the technological lignins family on the Russian market of bindings.
The study of contact electrical resistance of coatings on the basis of refractory metal alloys Co-W, Co-Mo, Ni-W, Ni-Mo
Authors: Gololobov G P , Suvorov D V , Serpova M A , Arefiev A S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe paper presents the research into contact electrical resistance of coatings on the basis of refractory metal alloys Co-W, Co-Mo, Ni-W, Ni-Mo. SEM-images of the tested samples’ surface are presented, and the peculiarities of their microrelief are analyzed. The results of the research are presented as dependencies of contact electrical resistance on the sample electrode pressing force for each type of the surface. The comparative analysis of them is done.
Quantitative phase analysis of Mg-Al-Zn and Mg-Zn-Zr alloys
Authors: Chernysheva Yu V , Grushin I A , Voskresenskaya I I , Savostin D S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Absract. A quantitative method has been developed for the phase analysis of magnesium alloys of the Mg-Zn-Al (MA2-1 and MA5) and Mg-Zn-Zr (MA14) systems based on the measurement of the lattice parameters of a solid solution, the use of Vegard’s law, and balance equations of chemical and phase composition. Examples of the application of the technique for assessing changes in the content of alloying elements in a solid solution and the number of intermetallic phases as a result of heat treatment of MA2-1 alloy are presented.
Effect of bias voltage on the texture of the TiN and ZrN coatings deposited by vacuum ion-plasma method
Authors: Ashmarin A A , Ya Betsofen S , Petrov L M , Lebedev M A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
An X-ray diffraction method was used to study the formation of the crystallographic texture of vacuum ion-plasma TiN and ZrN coatings depend on the bias voltage on the substrate. It is shown that, at high values of the bias voltage (-100 V), a pronounced texture forms in TiN coatings and a two-component (111) + (113) texture in ZrN coatings. A decrease of the bias voltage to –10 V leads to a twofold increase in the hardness of the coatings, a non-texture state of TiN, and a weakening of the texture of ZrN coatings.
Effects of «simplest» post-treatment techniques on the composition of porous silicon surface
Authors: Lenshin A S , Chernousova O V , Seredin P V , Barkov K A , Minakov D A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article is concerned with the investigation of techniques of post-treatment of porous silicon. It was shown that the applied techniques have considerable effect on por-Si nanowires shell without a considerable influencing on their core. To study the features of changing the phase composition and the composition of chemical bonds of the surface of porous silicon, we used infrared spectroscopy, Ultrasoft X-Ray Spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
Technologies of reusing materials obtained during step-by-step demolition of buildings
Authors: Zolotukhin S N , Volokitin V P , Kovalev N M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Nowadays scientists are required to create closed-cycle technologies for handling the waste; they have to reduce the waste amounts and the anthropogenic carbonic trace on the Earth, and they are supposed to use the recycled materials. The main amounts of the construction waste at the landfills of solid domestic waste appear after using the explosion method and the mechanical way of destruction, which are used for the demolition of buildings. Smart demolition, used during the renovation in Moscow, assumes crushing the obtained stone materials for their reuse. However, technologically crushing is not always possible, and economically it is cost-based. The research of the durability characteristics of load-bearing elements of the demolished buildings and existing regulatory documents allow reusing of these materials.
Calculation update of strength of expanded clay fiber-reinforced concrete elements with mixed reinforcement
Authors: Mailyan D R , Blyagoz A M , Kretinin K M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the methodology for calculating the strength of the expanded clay fiber-reinforced concrete elements with mixed reinforcement with the most complete view of the post-yield properties of prestressed and non-stressed rebars, as well as the influence of prestressing on the properties of the expanded clay fiber-reinforced concrete.
Investigation on bond performance between different types of FRP -reinforcedrebars and concrete
Authors: Komarov A I , Makarova N V , Tsuprik V G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper the test results of a study on the bond behaviour of FRP bars to finegrained concrete are presented. Five series of concrete cylinders reinforced with basalt-reinforced polymer (BFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars are tested in direct pullout conditions. As well as two series with steel bars are tested for comparison. For each specimen, the bond failure mode, the average bond strength, the initial bond stiffness, and the load–strain relationship curves and bar relative extension were analysed. Test results demonstrate the promise of using the FRP bars as an alternative to the steel bars in reinforcing concrete elements.
Coordinating metal Co2+ and Zn2+ compounds with acetylsalicylic acid: the influence on the cardiorespiratory system
Authors: Yu Ravaeva M , Chuyan E N , Cheretaev I V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper researches the effect of cobalt (ACCo2+) and zinc (ACZn2+) acetylsalicylates in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg on the characteristics of the rats’ cardiorespiratory system. It is ascertained that coordinating metal compounds with the acetylsalicylic acid have a more pronounced biological effect in comparison with a monocompound of the acetylsalicylic acid; this makes the further search for coordinating compounds’ effects more prospective.
Improvement of high-speed steel cutting tool production technology using the method of nanostructure generation by laser ablation
Authors: Yagyaev Elmar , Akimov Seran 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article reveals a problem of improving the production technology of cutting tools made of high-speed steels by the method of generating nanostructures on their surface with the help of laser ablation. The spiked microstructures obtained on the surface of the instrument are coated with nanostructures. Experimental studies to modify the surfaces of cutting tools with laser ablation method are performed in air and in liquids. As a result of the analysis of the experimental samples surface morphology we can conclude that the modification of the surface of cutting tools made of P6M5 high-speed steel with laser pulses of nanosecond duration can be used in air and in liquids as a method of increasing the resistance characteristics of a cutting tool.
Temperature dependence of Ge2Sb2Te5 conductivity and its change during aging
Authors: Vorobyov Y V , Yakubov A O , Ermachikhin A V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Results of studies of conductivity activation energy and its evolution during the aging process are presented for the common phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5. The evolution of temperature dependence of conductivity during quasi-isothermal annealing are interpreted in the framework of simple Arrhenius model as the change of two corresponding parameters: activation energy and pre-exponential factor. It is shown, that the change in resistivity of the Ge2Sb2Te5 during aging is attributed to the simultaneous change of both parameters of the Arrhenius equation, that is, activation energy and pre-exponential factor. Temperature dependencies of those parameters are shown as well, and the Meyer-Neldel rule for conductivity of Ge2Sb2Te5 is tested on the basis of the obtained data.
Experimental evaluation of the efficiency of lubricating process media during the running-in period of a metal-cutting tool
Authors: Skakun Vladimir , Dzhemalyadinov Ruslan , Abdulkerimov Ilimdar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The possibility of increasing the durability of a cutting insert made of high-speed steel with a wear-resistant TiN coating due to the use of lubricating process media during the running-in period of the cutting tool is considered. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, an analogy in the mechanisms of the hardening action of the refrigerant and wear-resistant coatings is presented. It is shown that the durability of a metal-cutting tool substantially depends on the initial conditions of its operation.