bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clopidogrel preventive effect based on cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype in ischaemic stroke: protocol for multicentre observational study
Authors: Song Tae-Jin , Kim Jinkwon , Han Sang Won , Kim Young Dae , Lee Jong Yun , Ahn Seong Hwan , Lee Hye Sun , Jung Yo Han , Lee Kyung-Yul 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionClopidogrel is an antiplatelet agent that is widely used for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. The genotype of cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) differentially affects the liver’s metabolism of clopidogrel, which may influence the drug’s response and efficacy for cardiovascular event prevention. In contrast to prior studies of patients with coronary artery diseases, little is known about whether the CYP2C19 genotype influences the preventive efficacy of clopidogrel in patients who had a stroke. We hypothesise that, among patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke who are prescribed clopidogrel, the patients with a loss-of-function CYP2C19 genotype (poor and intermediate metabolisers) may be at a higher risk of composite cardiovascular events than those who are non-carriers (extensive metabolisers).Methods and analysisThis prospective observational multicentre study was designed to determine whether composite cardiovascular events would differ among patients who had an ischaemic stroke prescribed clopidogrel according to CYP2C19 genotype (poor or intermediate vs extensive metabolisers). Inclusion criteria were patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke who underwent CYP2C19 genotype evaluation and received clopidogrel within 72 hours of stroke onset. The primary outcome is composite cardiovascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular death) within 6 months after acute ischaemic stroke between patients categorised as poor or intermediate metabolisers and those categorised as extensive metabolisers according to their CYP2C19 genotype.Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Review Board of Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine approved this study (3-2019-0195). We received study approval from the institutional review board of each participating hospital. We plan to disseminate our findings at relevant conferences and meetings and through peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04072705.
Measuring satisfaction in the small animal consultation and its relationship to consult length
Authors: Corah Louise , Mossop Liz , Dean Rachel , Cobb Kate 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundMeasuring satisfaction is a useful metric of success of any interaction, but very few validated instruments exist for measuring the satisfaction of the veterinary surgeon (vet) and the client in veterinary consultations. Additionally, there has been no research examining the impact of consultation length on satisfaction. The aim of this observational study was to investigate the use of a single‐question graphic scale to assess vet and client satisfaction and the impact of consultation length on satisfaction.MethodsInformation on consultation timing was collected for 65 health problem consultations across six practices. These measurements were compared with postconsultation measurements of client and vet satisfaction.ResultsA comparison between the long‐form and single‐question satisfaction instruments demonstrated significant correlation for both vet and client tools (ρ=0.609, P<0.005 and ρ=0.483, P<0.005, respectively). The average client satisfaction with the consultation was high; however, vet satisfaction levels were significantly lower (U=1073, P<0.005). Increased consult length was associated with increased vet satisfaction (ρ=0.332, P=0.007) but not increased client satisfaction.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that the graphic scale is an appropriate proxy for the pre‐existing long‐form questionnaires available for both vets and clients. Further research is required to examine the disparity identified between vet and client satisfaction.
Cosmological analogies, Lagrangians, and symmetries for convective–radiative heat transfer
Authors: Faraoni Valerio , Atieh Farah , Dussault Steve 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA formal analogy between the Friedmann equation of relativistic cosmology and models of convective–radiative cooling/heating of a body (including Newton’s, Dulong–Petit’s, Newton–Stefan’s laws, and a generalization) is discussed. The analogy highlights Lagrangians, symmetries, and mathematical properties of the solutions of these cooling laws.
Jahn–Teller coupling to moiré phonons in the continuum model formalism for small-angle twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Angeli Mattia , Fabrizio Michele 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe show how to include the Jahn–Teller coupling of moiré phonons to the electrons in the continuum model formalism which describes small-angle twisted bilayer graphene. These phonons, which strongly couple to the valley degree of freedom, are able to open gaps at most integer fillings of the four flat bands around the charge neutrality point. Moreover, we derive the full quantum mechanical expression of the electron–phonon Hamiltonian, which may allow accessing phenomena such as the phonon-mediated superconductivity and the dynamical Jahn–Teller effect.
Religion, Politics, History, and Culture
Authors: Fitzgerald Timothy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In his critique of my 2007 monograph Discourse on Civility and Barbarity: a Critical History of Religion and Related Categories, Daniel Miller attributes me with the error of transcendental historicism and an illusion of cultural authenticity. Miller’s challenge leads me to the question ‘what is history?’—what does it mean to be ‘in history’, or to be ‘out of history’, or to be a ‘historical agent’? I also defend myself against the charge of cultural essentialism by questioning the essentially empty term ‘culture’. First, though, I challenge Miller for his continual insistence that my work is ‘political’. Miller seems to accept at least some aspects of my critique of ‘religion’. However, he does not mention that DCB is as much concerned with the invention of a noun word discourse on ‘politics’ as it is with the invention of ‘religion’. ‘Politics’ and the ‘nation state’ were invented by men of substantial property ambitions to organise, normalise and protect male private property accumulation. Rather than being the foundation of our democratic rights, a gateway to equality and emancipation, ‘politics’ promotes and globally facilitates the processes of ‘accumulation by dispossession’.
High prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis in the blood and bone marrow of healthy volunteers
Authors: Guermouche Hélène , Ravalet Noémie , Gallay Nathalie , Deswarte Caroline , Foucault Amelie , Beaud Jenny , Rault Emmanuelle , Saindoy Emeline , Lachot Sébastien , Martignoles Jean-Alain , Gissot Valérie , Suner Ludovic , Gyan Emmanuel , Delhommeau François , Herault Olivier , Hirsch Pierre 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) of indeterminate potential has been described in blood samples from large series of patients. Its prevalence and consequences are still not well understood because sequencing methods vary and because most studies were performed in cohorts comprising individuals with nonhematologic diseases. Here, we investigated the frequency of CH in 82 paired bone marrow and blood samples from carefully selected healthy adult volunteers. Forty-one genes known to be mutated in myeloid malignancies were sequenced with a 1% threshold of detection. In bone marrow samples, clones were found in almost 40% of healthy volunteers more than 50 years old. The most frequent mutations were found in DNMT3A and TET2, with 1 individual carrying 3 variants. Variant allele frequencies were highly concordant between blood and bone marrow samples. Blood parameters were normal except for those in 2 individuals: 1 had a mild macrocytosis and 1 had a mild thrombocytosis. Furthermore, no morphologic abnormalities or dysplasia were detected when bone marrow smears were carefully evaluated. Individuals with CH differed from others by age (62.8 vs 38.6 years; P &lt; .0001) and platelet count (294 vs 241 ×109/L; P = .0208), the latter being no more significant when removing the 2 individuals who carried the JAK2 p.V617F mutation. These results confirm that CH is a very common condition in healthy adults over 50 years old. Consequently, the detection of driver myeloid mutations should be interpreted with caution in the absence of cytologic abnormalities in the blood and/or the bone marrow.
Neutrophils lacking ERM proteins polarize and crawl directionally but have decreased adhesion strength
Authors: Panicker Sumith R. , Yago Tadayuki , Shao Bojing , McEver Rodger P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins are adaptors that link the actin cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic domains of membrane proteins. Leukocytes express mostly moesin with lower levels of ezrin but no radixin. When leukocytes are activated, ERMs are postulated to redistribute membrane proteins from microvilli into uropods during polarization and to transduce signals that influence adhesion and other responses. However, these functions have not been tested in leukocytes lacking all ERMs. We used knockout (KO) mice with neutrophils lacking ezrin, moesin, or both proteins (double knockout [DKO]) to probe how ERMs modulate cell shape, adhesion, and signaling in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, chemokine-stimulated DKO neutrophils still polarized and redistributed ERM-binding proteins such as PSGL-1 and CD44 to the uropods. Selectin binding to PSGL-1 on moesin KO or DKO neutrophils activated kinases that enable integrin-dependent slow rolling but not those that generate neutrophil extracellular traps. Flowing neutrophils of all genotypes rolled normally on selectins and, upon chemokine stimulation, arrested on integrin ligands. However, moesin KO and DKO neutrophils exhibited defective integrin outside-in signaling and reduced adhesion strength. In vivo, DKO neutrophils displayed normal directional crawling toward a chemotactic gradient, but premature detachment markedly reduced migration from venules into inflamed tissues. Our results demonstrate that stimulated neutrophils do not require ERMs to polarize or to move membrane proteins into uropods. They also reveal an unexpected contribution of moesin to integrin outside-in signaling and adhesion strengthening.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals differential gene expression, alternative splicing, and novel exons during mouse trophoblast stem cell differentiation
Authors: Ullah Rahim , Naz Ambreen , Akram Hafiza Sara , Ullah Zakir , Tariq Muhammad , Mithani Aziz , Faisal Amir 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiation of mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) to trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) has been widely used as a model system to study placental development and function. While several differentially expressed genes, including regulators of TSC differentiation, have been identified, a comprehensive analysis of the global expression of genes and splice variants in the two cell types has not been reported.ResultsHere, we report ~ 7800 differentially expressed genes in TGCs compared to TSCs which include regulators of the cell cycle, apoptosis, cytoskeleton, cell mobility, embryo implantation, metabolism, and various signaling pathways. We show that several mitotic proteins, including Aurora A kinase, were downregulated in TGCs and that the activity of Aurora A kinase is required for the maintenance of TSCs. We also identify hitherto undiscovered, cell-type specific alternative splicing events in 31 genes in the two cell types. Finally, we also report 19 novel exons in 12 genes which are expressed in both TSCs and TGCs.ConclusionsOverall, our results uncover several potential regulators of TSC differentiation and TGC function, thereby providing a valuable resource for developmental and molecular biologists interested in the study of stem cell differentiation and embryonic development.
[18F]FEPPA PET imaging for monitoring CD68-positive microglia/macrophage neuroinflammation in nonhuman primates
Authors: Zammit Matthew , Tao Yunlong , Olsen Miles E. , Metzger Jeanette , Vermilyea Scott C. , Bjornson Kathryn , Slesarev Maxim , Block Walter F. , Fuchs Kerri , Phillips Sean , Bondarenko Viktorya , Zhang Su-Chun , Emborg Marina E. , Christian Bradley T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine whether the translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO) PET ligand [18F]FEPPA has the sensitivity for detecting changes in CD68-positive microglial/macrophage activation in hemiparkinsonian rhesus macaques treated with allogeneic grafts of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons (iPSC-mDA).

Methods
In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [18F]FEPPA was used in conjunction with postmortem CD68 immunostaining to evaluate neuroinflammation in the brains of hemiparkinsonian rhesus macaques (n = 6) that received allogeneic iPSC-mDA grafts in the putamen ipsilateral to MPTP administration.

Results
Based on assessment of radiotracer uptake and confirmed by visual inspection of the imaging data, nonhuman primates with allogeneic grafts showed increased [18F]FEPPA binding at the graft sites relative to the contralateral putamen. From PET asymmetry analysis of the images, the mean asymmetry index of the monkeys was AI = − 0.085 ± 0.018. Evaluation and scoring of CD68 immunoreactivity by an investigator blind to the treatment identified significantly more neuroinflammation in the grafted areas of the putamen compared to the contralateral putamen (p = 0.0004). [18F]FEPPA PET AI showed a positive correlation with CD68 immunoreactivity AI ratings in the monkeys (Spearman’s ρ = 0.94; p = 0.005).

Conclusion
These findings reveal that [18F]FEPPA PET is an effective marker for detecting increased CD68-positive microglial/macrophage activation and demonstrates sufficient sensitivity to detect changes in neuroinflammation in vivo following allogeneic cell engraftment.
Is hypoxemia explained by intracardiac or intrapulmonary shunt in COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome?
Authors: Masi Paul , Bagate François , d’Humières Thomas , Al-Assaad Lara , Abou Chakra Laure , Derumeaux Genevieve , Mekontso Dessap Armand 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHypoxemia is the main feature of COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (C-ARDS), but its underlying mechanisms are debated, especially in patients with low respiratory system elastance (Ers). We assessed 60 critically ill patients hospitalized in our intensive care unit for C-ARDS. We used contrast transthoracic echocardiography to assess patent foramen ovale (PFO) shunt and transpulmonary bubble transit (TPBT). The median Ers was 32 cmH2O/L. PFO shunt was detected in six (10%) patients and TPBT in 12 (20%) patients. PFO shunt and TPBT were similar in patients with higher or lower Ers. In conclusion, PFO and TPBT do not seem to be the main drivers of hypoxemia in C-ARDS, especially in patients with lower Ers.
Spin Crossover between the High-Spin and Low-Spin States and Dielectric Switching in the Ionic Crystals of a Fe(II) [2 × 2] Molecular Grid
Authors: Uezu Yuta , Tsunashima Ryo , Tanaka Chiaki , Fujibayashi Masaru , Manabe Jun , Nishihara Sadafumi , Inoue Katsuya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We synthesized an Fe(II) [2 × 2] molecular grid with pyridyl-substituted bis-terdentate ligands. The molecular grid showed abrupt spin crossover between fully high-spin and fully low-spin states in a narrow temperature width of ∼10 K. The spin crossover event also included a first-order structural phase transition, in which the dielectric constant jumped atypically toward a low-spin state.
Hedge Fund Franchises
Authors: Fung William , Hsieh David , Naik Narayan , Teo Melvyn 
Published: August 2020

We investigate the growth strategies of hedge fund firms. We find that firms with successful first funds are able to launch follow-on funds that charge higher performance fees, set more onerous redemption terms, and attract greater inflows. Motivated by the aforementioned spillover effects, first funds outperform follow-on funds, after adjusting for risk. Consistent with the agency view, greater incentive alignment moderates the performance differential between first and follow-on funds. Moreover, multiple-product firms underperform single-product firms but harvest greater fee revenues, thereby hurting investors while benefitting firm partners. Investors respond to this growth strategy by redeeming from first funds of firms with follow-on funds that do poorly. Empirically, the multiple-product firm has become the dominant business model for the hedge fund industry. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Transculturar el debate. Los desafíos de la crítica literaria latinoamericana actual en dos escritoras: Mariana Enriquez y Liliana Colanzi
Authors: Amatto Alejandra 
Published: August 2020

Resumen: Este artículo discute la necesidad de establecer nuevas herramientas analíticas que acompañen los procesos interpretativos de la literatura latinoamericana actual. Se parte de la concepción de un nuevo momento en nuestras letras que debe contar con un soporte crítico a la altura de sus necesidades. Para ello, se pretende desmontar la definición clásica de transculturación, empleada por el cubano Fernando Ortiz y retomada por el uruguayo Ángel Rama, con la intención de estructurar una categoría operativa denominada: literaturas del descontento realista. Esta designación permitirá acercarse a las obras de las narradoras Mariana Enriquez y Liliana Colanzi, con la finalidad de ejemplificar en el análisis de dos de sus cuentos la propuesta formulada. Asimismo, el artículo pretende reflexionar sobre algunas de las variaciones de la crítica latinoamericana frente a su posición con respecto a las literaturas de irrealidad y la literatura realista actuales.

Palabras clave: teoría literaria, Latinoamérica, nuevas narrativas, Enriquez, Colanzi.
AMBIENTE DE SERVICIO Y CALIDAD PERCIBIDA DE UNA IES (INSTITUCIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR) PRIVADA EN BOGOTÁ
Authors: Fallla Lina 
Published: August 2020

<p>Brindar servicios de calidad en el ámbito educativo tiene gran importancia para que el sistema educativo del país pueda lograr el objetivo trazado a 2025 de tener una Colombia más educada. En la literatura tanto internacional como nacional, se encuentran investigaciones orientadas a evaluar la calidad del servicio educativo, así como el nivel de satisfacción de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, estas evaluaciones suelen centrarse en el proceso educativo (en la formación como tal), más que en las experiencias asociadas a la vinculación a la educación superior. Así mismo, no se encuentran muchos estudios enfocados a las necesidades, expectativas y percepciones de los estudiantes con respecto a la formación que van a recibir a partir del servicio que han recibido. El ambiente de servicio involucra variables físicas, simbólicas, sociales y naturales, con las cuales los sujetos entran en contacto en el momento de buscar un servicio. Esto se conoce como el ambiente de servicio ampliado.</p><p>Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el presente trabajo busca encontrar si el ambiente de servicio ampliado se relaciona con la percepción de calidad en el servicio de atención a nuevos estudiantes de educación superior. Para poder encontrar esta relación, se propone un estudio en tres fases. La primera: observación de la sala de atención. La segunda: entrevistas en profundidad con usuarios de la sala de atención para identificar las variables del ambiente de servicio ampliado asociadas a calidad. Y tercera: medición de las variables identificadas y su influencia en la percepción de calidad. </p>
Effect of cryoprecipitate on neoangiogenesis in patients with purulent pyelonephritis
Authors: Chernova Yuliya G. , Nejmark Aleksandr I. , Momot Andrey P. 
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of conservative therapy with the inclusion of cryoprecipitate in its composition and its effect on the angiogenesis of renal blood vessels in patients with purulent pyelonephritis.
Materials and methods. The study included 30 patients aged from 20 to 45 years (6 men, 24 women) with acute purulent pyelonephritis. All patients were assessed for markers of angiogenesis in blood plasma: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang2). The patients were divided into two groups. Patients of group 1 (n = 15) received conservative therapy with the inclusion of cryoprecipitate, patients of group 2 (n = 15) received surgical treatment. The control group consisted of 10 healthy donors aged 2035 years, whose blood angiogenesis markers were determined to obtain reference values.
Results. In the course of preliminary studies, the blood content of angiogenesis markers was determined in 10 healthy donors. The level of VEGF-A in patients of both groups and the level of Ang1 in patients of group 1 at admission to the hospital significantly exceeded the corresponding values in the control group. In group 2 patients, the level of VEGF-A and Ang1 remained elevated during treatment, which indirectly indicated an ongoing inflammatory process. The level of Ang2 in patients of both groups did not change significantly. Conservative treatment of group 1 patients showed high efficiency, which was confirmed by positive dynamics of clinical and laboratory indicators, as well as data from instrumental examination.
Conclusions. The results obtained indicate the effectiveness of conservative therapy with the administration of cryoprecipitate in patients with purulent pyelonephritis, and the effectiveness of such treatment is comparable to the effectiveness of surgical treatment . The use of cryoprecipitate has an endothelioprotective and anti-inflammatory effect on blood vessels, stabilizes the processes of angiogenesis, which contributes to limiting the inflammatory process and its regression.
First Russian experience of the stereotactic radiotherapy on the prostate bed
Authors: Novikov Roman V. , Melnik Julia S. , Ponomareva Olga I. , Novikov Sergey N. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose. Assess the safety of postoperative radiation therapy on the area of the prostate bed (PB) using extreme dose hypofractionation (5 fractions of 6.67 Gr).
Materials and methods. from April 2019 to March 2020 at the National Medical Center of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the first 15 patients of the prostate cancer carried out stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) on the PB. Depending on the clinical situation, adjuvant and salvage SRT were distinguished. Linear electron accelerators with 6 MeV energy are used for treatment. Three factional regimes were evaluated: 5 factions of 6.6 Gr, 5 factions of 6.8 Gr and 5 factions of 7 Gr. The clinical target volume is defined by RTOG (2010).
Results. The median of follow-up was 7.6 (1.3-11.6) months. Of the 15 patients, adjuvant SRT performed three observed, and the remaining 12 patients salvage SRT (4 early, 8 delayed). Acute radiation toxicity was estimated in 12 patients. Early impairment from the lower urinary tract 1 degree was observed in 8 (66.7%) 12 of them. Toxicity of 2 or more degree in the early period was not observed. Clinical signs of early 1st degree toxicity from the rectum were found in five (41.7%) of the bowel of the 12 observed. One patient (8.3%) there was a mixture of blood in the feces, which required a medical correction, which was considered as toxicity of the 2nd degree.
Conclusions. Postoperative SRT of the PB region is a promising modern method of radiation treatment of patients with prostate cancer. The presented methods of adjuvant and salvage SRT are feasible in clinical practice and are characterized by an acceptable level of early radiation toxicity.