bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The comparative genomic landscape of adaptive radiation in crater lake cichlid fishes
Authors: Xiong Peiwen , Hulsey C. Darrin , Fruciano Carmelo , Wong Wai Y. , Nater Alexander , Kautt Andreas F. , Simakov Oleg , Pippel Martin , Kuraku Shigehiro , Meyer Axel , Franchini Paolo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFactors ranging from ecological opportunity to genome composition might explain why only some lineages form adaptive radiations. While being rare, particular systems can provide natural experiments within an identical ecological setting where species numbers and phenotypic divergence in two closely related lineages are notably different. We investigated one such natural experiment using two de novo assembled and 40 resequenced genomes and asked why two closely related Neotropical cichlid fish lineages, theAmphilophus citrinellusspecies complex (Midas cichlids; radiating) andArchocentrus centrarchus(Flyer cichlid; nonradiating), have resulted in such disparate evolutionary outcomes. Although both lineages inhabit many of the same Nicaraguan lakes, whole‐genome inferred demography suggests that priority effects are not likely to be the cause of the dissimilarities. Also, genome‐wide levels of selection, transposable element dynamics, gene family expansion, major chromosomal rearrangements and the number of genes under positive selection were not markedly different between the two lineages. To more finely investigate particular subsets of the genome that have undergone adaptive divergence in Midas cichlids, we also examined if there was evidence for ‘molecular pre‐adaptation’ in regions identified by QTL mapping of repeatedly diverging adaptive traits. Although most of our analyses failed to pinpoint substantial genomic differences, we did identify functional categories containing many genes under positive selection that provide candidates for future studies on the propensity of Midas cichlids to radiate. Our results point to a disproportionate role of local, rather than genome‐wide factors underlying the propensity for these cichlid fishes to adaptively radiate.
A genome‐wide investigation of adaptive signatures in protein‐coding genes related to tool behaviour in New Caledonian and Hawaiian crows
Authors: Dussex Nicolas , Kutschera Verena E. , Wiberg R. Axel W. , Parker Darren J. , Hunt Gavin R. , Gray Russell D. , Rutherford Kim , Abe Hideaki , Fleischer Robert C. , Ritchie Michael G. , Rutz Christian , Wolf Jochen B. W. , Gemmell Neil J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVery few animals habitually manufacture and use tools. It has been suggested that advanced tool behaviour co‐evolves with a suite of behavioural, morphological and life history traits. In fact, there are indications for such an adaptive complex in tool‐using crows (genus Corvus species). Here, we sequenced the genomes of two habitually tool‐using and ten non‐tool‐using crow species to search for genomic signatures associated with a tool‐using lifestyle. Using comparative genomic and population genetic approaches, we screened for signals of selection in protein‐coding genes in the tool‐using New Caledonian and Hawaiian crows. While we detected signals of recent selection in New Caledonian crows near genes associated with bill morphology, our data indicate that genetic changes in these two lineages are surprisingly subtle, with little evidence at present for convergence. We explore the biological explanations for these findings, such as the relative roles of gene regulation and protein‐coding changes, as well as the possibility that statistical power to detect selection in recently diverged lineages may have been insufficient. Our study contributes to a growing body of literature aiming to decipher the genetic basis of recently evolved complex behaviour.
Pectobacterium atrosepticum KDPG aldolase, Eda, participates in the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and independently inhibits expression of virulence determinants
Authors: Wang Huan , Wang Yujie , Humphris Sonia , Nie Weihua , Zhang Pengfei , Wright Frank , Campbell Emma , Hu Baishi , Fan Jiaqin , Toth Ian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPectobacterium carotovorum has an incomplete Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway, including enzyme 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐6‐phosphogluconate aldolase (Eda) but lacking phosphogluconate dehydratase (Edd), while P. atrosepticum (Pba) has a complete pathway. To understand the role of the ED pathway in Pectobacterium infection, mutants of these two key enzymes, Δeda and Δedd, were constructed in Pba SCRI1039. Δeda exhibited significant decreased virulence on potato tubers and colonization in planta and was greatly attenuated in pectinase activity and the ability to use pectin breakdown products, including polygalacturonic acid (PGA) and galacturonic acid. These reduced phenotypes were restored following complementation with an external vector expressing eda. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed that expression of the pectinase genes pelA, pelC, pehN, pelW, and pmeB in Δeda cultured in pyruvate, with or without PGA, was significantly reduced compared to the wild type, while genes for virulence regulators (kdgR, hexR, hexA, and rsmA) remained unchanged. However, Δedd showed similar phenotypes to the wild type. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that disruption of eda has a feedback effect on inhibiting pectin degradation and that Eda is involved in building the arsenal of pectinases needed during infection by Pectobacterium.
“Eating, laughing, and tonic seizing”, that is a laughter‐induced syncope in elderly
Authors: Honda Masayuki , Shimotake Akihiro , Hitomi Takefumi , Kuzuya Akira , Takahashi Ryosuke , Ikeda Akio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLaughter‐induced syncope is a rare syndrome with good prognosis, but not widely known by health care providers. We had a patient who had whole body “freezing” episodes immediately after laughing vigorously during meals. Epilepsy was ruled out and diagnosis of laughter‐induced syncope was made. Severe cerebral hypoperfusion and relatively disinhibited brain stem function may account for tonic posturing. It should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting whole body “freezing” episodes after big laughter, along with tonic seizure, gelastic seizure and cataplexy. Detailed and precise inquiry is helpful in correct diagnosis and could prevent from repeated events with unnecessary antiseizure medication.
Feasibility of Controlling Metastatic Osseous Pain Using Three Kinds of Image‐Guided Procedures for Thermal Microwave Ablation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ke Jin , Cheng Shi , Yang Tao , Zhang Chi , Wang Ming , Zhang Yu 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of treating painful osseous metastases using image‐guided percutaneous thermal microwave ablation.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of patients treated from December 2016 to December 2019 in one institute. A total of 50 patients (35 men, 15 women; mean age 55.24 ± 11.03 years) with 56 osseous metastatic lesions underwent image‐guided percutaneous microwave ablation. There were 7 patients with multiple and 43 patients with single metastases. The numbers of patients with primary cancer were as follows: lung, 13; liver, 17; kidney, 10; prostate, 1; breast, 3; osteosarcoma, 1; and thyroid, 5. Seventeen patients had cancer combined with soft tissue masses. The radiological images for the ablative procedures were obtained by CT, fluoroscopy with ultrasound, and fluoroscopy alone in 16, 11, and 23 patients, respectively. Pain severity was estimated using the visual analogue scale before and after treatment (1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment). Radiological evaluations were performed at baseline and 3 months after the procedure.ResultsIn all patients, pain reduction occurred from the first day after treatment. Pain did not recur during the 3 months of follow up. The mean total ablation time per microwave electrode was 3.99 ± 2.48 min (range, 1–15 min). The mean power of the microwave electrode was 66.40 ± 12.08 W. The average volume of bone (load‐bearing bone, such as vertebra and acetabulum) cement after ablation was 2.82 ± 0.81 mL. There were no significant differences in visual analogue scale pain scores for different imaging techniques or ablation energies. No procedure‐related complications occurred.ConclusionImage‐guided percutaneous thermal microwave ablation of osseous metastases relieves pain and improves mobility. CT remains the first choice for percutaneous ablation. Fluoroscopy combined with ultrasound is effective for cases with soft tissue masses; fluoroscopy is also suitable for combination with vertebroplasty. However, further investigations are required.
Qualitative Evaluation of the Influence of Acute Oxaliplatin‐Induced Peripheral Neuropathy on Quality of Life and Activities of Daily Life
Authors: van Haren Frank G.A.M. , Steegers Monique A.H. , Thijssen Marloes , van der Wal Selina E.I. , Vissers Kris C.P. , Engels Yvonne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroduction/AimsOxaliplatin often causes acute or chronic peripheral neuropathy in patients with an intestinal or pancreatic tumor, but in‐depth insights in its influence on quality of life (QoL) are lacking. We explored the influence of acute oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) on daily QoL in these patients.MethodsWe performed semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of patients receiving oxaliplatin and possibly experiencing acute OIPN. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded by two researchers. Data were analyzed by using the constant comparative method for content analysis with ATLAS.ti software.ResultsAfter nine patients, saturation took place. In total, 11 patients were interviewed. Four themes were extracted from the data: (1) adverse effects, (2) physical (un)well‐being, (3) emotional aspects, and (4) treatment aspects. All participants were suffering from acute OIPN to a certain extent, leading to restrictions in daily activities such as household chores, but also to a decrease in mobility and independency. Other adverse effects such as general malaise and gastrointestinal side effects also influenced the participants’ well‐being, as did the diagnosis and prognosis of their disease.ConclusionAcute OIPN, together with other side effects of chemotherapeutic treatment and the difficulties that come with the diagnosis of cancer and its prognosis, largely influences patients’ daily QoL. Managing expectations (by patient education) seems important.
Luminescent Lanthanide Complex Sensor for Acac and Cd2+
Authors: Chen Zhao , Cai Yujia , Ma Yuanjie , Huang Lei , Zhao Yongli , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, phenylmalonic acid (H2pmal) and phenanthroline (phen) are selected to react with Ln(NO3)3·6H2O (Ln = Tb, Eu) to form two lanthanide coordination complex [Ln2(PAA)4(phen)2(NO3)2] (Ln = Tb, Tb complex; Eu, Eu complex), PAA = deprotonated phenylacetic acid, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline). Two lanthanide complexes are stable in neutral, acid (pH = 4) and base (pH = 10) water solutions. Especially, Tb complex is a bifunctional sensor for acac and Cd2+, through luminescence “turn on” and “turn off,” respectively. Importantly, the limit of detections (LODs) for acac and Cd2+ are 90 nm and 0.5 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the sensing mechanisms are discussed in detail.
The Effect of Laser Photobiomodulation on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
Authors: Gholami Leila , Parsamanesh Gilda , Shahabi Shiva , Jazaeri Marzieh , Baghaei Kaveh , Fekrazad Reza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhotobiomodulation (PBM) is considered as a noninvasive procedure with the potential of inducing favorable changes in cellular behavior. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of near‐infrared low‐intensity laser PBM on proliferation, viability and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells isolated from human periodontal ligament. A 940‐nm diode laser with an energy density of 4 J cm−2 in a 100‐mW continuous wave was used for irradiation in 3 sessions every 48h. Cell viability was measured 24, 48 and 72 h after irradiation. The effects of laser on mineralized tissue deposition were evaluated by using Alizarin red staining after dividing cells into three groups of nonosteogenic medium (C−), an osteogenic medium without laser (C+), and an osteogenic medium with laser irradiation (L+). Gene expression levels were also evaluated by real‐time PCR. Our results showed no significant difference between MTT levels of the study and control groups. After 14 and 21 days, both L+ and C+ groups showed an increase in mineralized tissue formation compared to the C− group. There was an increase in VEGF and BMP expressions compared to C−. In conclusion, the irradiation setting used in this study may be able to improve mineralized tissue deposition.
Crassulacean acid metabolism species differ in the contribution of C3 and C4 carboxylation to end of day CO2 fixation
Authors: van Tongerlo Evelien , Trouwborst Govert , Hogewoning Sander W. , van Ieperen Wim , Dieleman Janneke A. , Marcelis Leo F. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCrassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a photosynthetic pathway that temporally separates the nocturnal CO2 uptake, via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, C4 carboxylation), from the diurnal refixation by Rubisco (C3 carboxylation). At the end of the day (CAM‐Phase IV), when nocturnally stored CO2 has depleted, stomata reopen and allow additional CO2 uptake, which can be fixed by Rubisco or by PEPC. This work examined the CO2 uptake via C3 and C4 carboxylation in phase IV in the CAM species Phalaenopsis “Sacramento” and Kalanchoe blossfeldiana “Saja.” Short blackout periods during phase IV caused a sharp drop in CO2 uptake in K. blossfeldiana but not in Phalaenopsis, indicating strong Rubisco activity only in K. blossfeldiana. Chlorophyll fluorescence revealed a progressive decrease in ΦPSII in Phalaenopsis, implying decreasing Rubisco activity, while ΦPSII remained constant in phase IV in K. blossfeldiana. However, short switching to 2% O2 indicated the presence of photorespiration and thus Rubisco activity in both species throughout phase IV. Lastly, in Phalaenopsis, accumulation of starch in phase IV occurred. These results indicate that in Phalaenopsis, PEPC was the main carboxylase in phase IV, although Rubisco remained active throughout the whole phase. This will lead to double carboxylation (futile cycling) but may help to avoid photoinhibition.
Nigerian English in Germany
Authors: Mair Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe study investigates language use and language attitudes among Nigerian immigrants in Germany, thus contributing to the study of World Englishes in mobility and migration. The data comprises ca. five hours of recorded interviews and is analysed both for the linguistic features it displays and the language attitudes expressed by interviewees. In the German environment, Nigerian Standard English has to be adapted to the needs of lingua‐franca interaction, which leads to intensive borrowing and other contact influences from German. In its conclusion, the study takes issue with prevailing policies in Germany, which promote rapid acquisition of German and look on lingua‐franca English as an obstacle in the way of achieving this goal. It argues that for a transitional period lingua‐franca interaction should be seen as taking place within a multilingual repertoire that minimally requires English and German, but – depending on domain and context – may also include further components, such as Nigerian Pidgin.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Flame Dynamics During the Ignition of a Swirling Injector Unit and Comparison With Experiments
Authors: Töpperwien Karl , Collin-Bastiani Félix , Riber Eleonore , Cuenot Bénédicte , Vignat Guillaume , Prieur Kevin , Durox Daniel , Candel Sébastien , Vicquelin Ronan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
During the ignition of a swirled single-injector combustor, two phases have been identified experimentally. In the first, the flame penetrates the injection unit, while in the second, the flame lifts off after a substantial delay before stabilizing at a distance from the injector. This transient phenomenon is investigated using Large Eddy Simulations based on an Euler–Lagrange description of the liquid spray, an energy deposition model to mimic ignition, and the thickened flame combustion model. It is shown that the initial penetration of the flame in the injector unit is linked with the positive pressure excursion induced by the rapid volumetric expansion of burnt gases. This sudden expansion is itself due to the fast increase in heat release rate that occurs during the initiation of the process. The corresponding positive and negative pressure disturbances induce a rapid reduction of the mass flow rate through the injector, followed by an acceleration of the flow and a return to the nominal value. It is also shown that the flame root disappears after another delay, which results in the flame edge lifting and stabilization at a distance from the injector exhaust corresponding to steady operation of the device. The relatively long delay time before this liftoff takes place is found to correspond to the residence time of the cooled burnt gases in the vicinity of the chamber walls, which are ultimately entrained by the internal recirculation zone and quench the lower flame foot.
Unsteady Modeling of Turbochargers for Automotive Applications by Means of a Quasi3D Approach
Authors: Montenegro Gianluca , Tamborski Matteo , Torre Augusto Della , Onorati Angelo , Marelli Silvia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work describes the development and the application of a quasi3D method for the simulation of turbochargers for automotive applications under unsteady flow conditions. The quasi3D approach is based on the solution of conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy for unsteady flows and applied to zero-dimensional (0D) and one-dimensional (1D) elements arbitrarily oriented in the space. The compressor is divided into different regions, each one treated numerically in a different way. For the impeller region, a relative reference system has been used, and the presence of a centrifugal force field has been introduced both in the momentum and energy conservation equations. The direction of the ports at the inlet and outlet of the impeller are used to determine the design flow angles and therefore the deviation during off-design conditions. Conversely in the vaneless diffuser, the conservation of the angular momentum of the flow stream has been imposed in the tangential direction and then combined with the solution of the momentum equation in the radial direction. The model has been validated against measurements carried out on the test bench of the University of Genoa both in diabatic and adiabatic conditions.
The Instructional Sensitivity of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 to Detect Changes in Performance for Young Children With and Without Down Syndrome
Authors: Staples Kerri L. , Pitchford E. Andrew , Ulrich Dale A. 
Published: December 2020

The Test of Gross Motor Development is among the most commonly used measures of gross motor competency in children. An important attribute of any developmental assessment is its sensitivity to detect change. The purpose of this study was to examine the instructional sensitivity of the Test of Gross Motor Development—third edition (TGMD-3) performance criteria to changes in performance for 48 children (age 4–7 years) with and without Down syndrome following 10 weeks of physical education. Paired t tests identified significant improvements for all children on locomotor (p < .01) and ball skills (p < .01). These significant differences were associated with moderate to large effect sizes. SEM was low relative to the maximum raw score for each subtest, indicating high confidence in the scores. These findings provide evidence that the TGMD-3 is sensitive to change in performance for children with and without Down syndrome.
Built form and depression among the Chinese rural elderly: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Qiu Qin-wei , Li Jing , Li Jia-yu , Xu Yong 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesFew data on the association between housing structure and depression among rural elders in China are available. We examined the impact of built forms on depression.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study.SettingA representative sample of rural residents aged 60 years or older in China.ParticipantsA total of 5090 older adults in 2019 in rural Suzhou, China.Outcome measuresAssociations of built form with odds of probable and possible depression.ResultsThere was significant difference among elders living in varied sizes of house. Older age (vs 60–64 years: 75–79 years AdjOR, 1.737; 95% CI, 1.309 to 2.305; ≥80 years AdjOR, 2.072; 95% CI, 1.439 to 2.981), male sex (AdjOR, 0.719; 95% CI, 0.593 to 0.871), single (AdjOR, 1.303; 95% CI, 1.032 to 1.646), self-care disability (AdjOR, 4.761; 95% CI, 3.960 to 5.724), three or more chronic diseases (AdjOR, 2.200; 95% CI, 1.657 to 2.920), living alone (AdjOR, 1.443; 95% CI, 1.059 to 1.966), living in cottage (AdjOR, 1.426; 95% CI, 1.033 to 1.967), living space (vs <50 m2: 201–250 m2AdjOR, 0.566; 95% CI, 0.359 to 0.893; >250 m2AdjOR, 0.337; 95% CI, 0.223 to 0.511) and space per person (vs <30 m2: 30- m2AdjOR, 0.502; 95% CI, 0.362 to 0.697; 40- m2AdjOR, 0.473; 95% CI, 0.347 to 0.646; 50- m2AdjOR, 0.418; 95% CI, 0.339 to 0.515) were associated with risk of depression among Chinese rural elders.ConclusionThe built form was significantly and meaningfully associated with depression among Chinese rural elders. More attention should be paid to preventing mental illness among the rural elderly living in the small housing area and cottages in China.
Regular running in an air-polluted environment: physiological and anthropometric protocol for a prospective cohort study (Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment Study – Program 4)
Authors: Cipryan Lukas , Kutac Petr , Dostal Tomas , Zimmermann Matthew , Krajcigr Miroslav , Jandackova Vera , Sram Radim , Jandacka Daniel , Hofmann Peter 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionAmbient air pollution is a global environmental problem, which causes adverse health effects and premature deaths worldwide. Although regular exercise and physical activity have evident health benefits, the influence of long-term air pollution exposure during regular outdoor running has not been definitively clarified.Methods and analysisThis study protocol describes the physiological and anthropometric perspectives of the ‘Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment’ Study – Programme 4 (4HAIE). The 4HAIE research project is intended to be a single-centre, prospective, longitudinal and multidisciplinary cohort study. The presented study protocol describes the cross-sectional measurements and analyses. Overall, 1500 adult participants (age 18–65 years), runners and inactive individuals, living in a high or low air-polluted area of the Czech Republic will be recruited. We will measure and analyse biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the blood, exercise capacity (graded exercise test and spiroergometry), blood pressure, lung function (spirometry), cardiac autonomic regulation and anthropometry (body composition).Ethics and disseminationThe 4HAIE study protocol has already been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Ostrava (3/2018). A detailed participant information sheet will be provided to each individual prior to obtaining their written informed consent. The study poses little to no risk to participants. The findings of this study will be disseminated at regional and international conferences, in peer-reviewed journals and via social and broadcast media.