bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Registries are not only a tool for data collection, they are for action”: Cancer registration and gaps in data for health equity in six population‐based registries in India
Authors: Bhatia Amiya , Victora Cesar Gomes , Beckfield Jason , Budukh Atul , Krieger Nancy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn India, population‐based cancer registries (PBCRs) cover less than 15% of the urban and 1% of the rural population. Our study examines practices of registration in PBCRs in India to understand efforts to include rural populations in registries and efforts to measure social inequalities in cancer incidence. We selected a purposive sample of six PBCRs in Maharashtra, Kerala, Punjab and Mizoram and conducted semistructured interviews with staff to understand approaches and challenges to cancer registration, and the sociodemographic information collected by PBCRs. We also conducted a review of peer‐reviewed literature utilizing data from PBCRs in India. Findings show that in a context of poor access to cancer diagnosis and treatment and weak death registration, PBCRs have developed additional approaches to cancer registration, including conducting village and home visits to interview cancer patients in rural areas. Challenges included PBCR funding and staff retention, abstraction of data in medical records, address verification and responding to cancer stigma and patient migration. Most PBCRs published estimates of cancer outcomes disaggregated by age, sex and geography. Data on education, marital status, mother tongue and religion were collected, but rarely reported. Two PBCRs collected information on income and occupation and none collected information on caste. Most peer‐reviewed studies using PBCR data did not publish estimates of social inequalities in cancer outcomes. Results indicate that collecting and reporting sociodemographic data collected by PBCRs is feasible. Improved PBCR coverage and data will enable India's cancer prevention and control programs to be guided by data on cancer inequities.
DNA polymerase eta: A potential pharmacological target for cancer therapy
Authors: Saha Priyanka , Mandal Tanima , Talukdar Anupam D. , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Sanjay , Tripathi Prem P. , Wang Qi‐En , Srivastava Amit K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the last two decades, intensive research has been carried out to improve the survival rates of cancer patients. However, the development of chemoresistance that ultimately leads to tumor relapse poses a critical challenge for the successful treatment of cancer patients. Many cancer patients experience tumor relapse and ultimately die because of treatment failure associated with acquired drug resistance. Cancer cells utilize multiple lines of self‐defense mechanisms to bypass chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One such mechanism employed by cancer cells is translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), in which specialized TLS polymerases bypass the DNA lesion with the help of monoubiquitinated proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Among all TLS polymerases (Pol η, Pol ι, Pol κ, REV1, Pol ζ, Pol μ, Pol λ, Pol ν, and Pol θ), DNA polymerase eta (Pol η) is well studied and majorly responsible for the bypass of cisplatin and UV‐induced DNA damage. TLS polymerases contribute to chemotherapeutic drug‐induced mutations as well as therapy resistance. Therefore, targeting these polymerases presents a novel therapeutic strategy to combat chemoresistance. Mounting evidence suggests that inhibition of Pol η may have multiple impacts on cancer therapy such as sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutics, suppressing drug‐induced mutagenesis, and inhibiting the development of secondary tumors. Herein, we provide a general introduction of Pol η and its clinical implications in blocking acquired drug resistance. In addition; this review addresses the existing gaps and challenges of Pol η mediated TLS mechanisms in human cells. A better understanding of the Pol η mediated TLS mechanism will not merely establish it as a potential pharmacological target but also open possibilities to identify novel drug targets for future therapy.
IGF family effects on development, stability, and treatment of hematological malignancies
Authors: Moonesi Mohammadreza , Zaka Khosravi Saeed , Molaei Ramshe Samira , Allahbakhshian Farsani Mehdi , Solali Saeed , Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein , Farshdousti Hagh Majid , Mehdizadeh Hanie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultiple factors, including growth factors, are shown to be culprits of cancer outset and persistence. Among growth factors, insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) family are of more importance in the prognosis of blood malignancies. After binding to their corresponding receptor, IGFs initiate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and increase the translation of intracellular proteins, such as cell division‐related proteins. They also stimulate the transcription of cell division‐related genes using the Ras‐GTP pathway. In addition to organs such as the liver, IGFs are secreted by tumor cells and can cause growth and proliferation of self or tumor cells via autocrine and paracrine methods. Current studies indicate that decreasing the effects of IGF by blocking them, their receptors, or PI3K/AKT pathway using various drugs could help to suppress the division of tumor cells. Here, we delineate the role of the IGF family in hematologic malignancies and their potential mechanisms.
Interleukin‐33 alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy through regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy via insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 3
Authors: Wu Mao‐Xiong , Wang Shao‐Hua , Xie Yong , Chen Zhi‐Teng , Guo Qi , Yuan Wo‐Liang , Guan Chang , Xu Cheng‐Zhang , Huang Yu‐Na , Wang Jing‐Feng , Zhang Hai‐Feng , Chen Yang‐Xin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProlonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is the key driving force behind diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Autophagy is extensively implicated in adaptive mechanisms for cell survival. Interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) is known to be a potent cardiac protector, but its roles in DCM, ER stress, and autophagy are currently unknown. We aimed to explore the effects of IL‐33 on DCM and characterize the roles that ER stress and autophagy play in DCM. The effects of IL‐33 on DCM, ER stress, and autophagy were characterized both in db/db mice and in palmitic acid (PA)‐treated cardiomyocytes. The manipulators of ER stress and autophagy were used to clarify their roles in DCM remittance conferred by IL‐33. Gene expression analysis was used to identify IL‐33‐dependent regulators of ER stress and autophagy. Both db/db mice and PA‐treated cells presented with enhanced levels of ER stress, apoptosis, and lipid deposition, as well as impaired autophagy, all of which could be reversed by IL‐33. Treatment with IL‐33 improved the cardiac diastolic function of diabetic mice. Nonselective autophagy inhibitors, such as 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) or wortmannin, abolished the protective effects of IL‐33, resulting in an increase in both ER stress and apoptosis. Strikingly, insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) was identified as the gene most significantly differentially expressed between IL‐33 and control groups. Knockdown of IGFBP3 expression, similar to the effect of nonselective autophagy inhibitors, resulted in high levels of ER stress, impaired autophagy, and apoptosis that were not rescued upon treatment with IL‐33. IL‐33 abates DCM by alleviating ER stress and promoting autophagy. IGFBP3 is essential for IL‐33‐induced ER stress resolution and autophagic enhancement during DCM.
ERK‐mediated transcriptional activation of Dicer is involved in gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Su Yen‐Hao , Hsu Tung‐Wei , Chen Hsin‐An , Su Chih‐Ming , Huang Ming‐Te , Chuang Ta‐Hsien , Leo Su J. , Hsieh Chia‐Ling , Chiu Ching‐Feng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGemcitabine has been a commonly used therapeutic agent for treatment of pancreatic cancer. In the clinic, a growing resistance to gemcitabine has been observed in patients with pancreatic cancer, and investigation of the underlying mechanism of gemcitabine resistance is urgently required. The microRNA (miRNA)‐producing enzyme, Dicer, is crucial for the maturation of miRNAs, and is involved in clinical aggressiveness, poor prognosis, and survival outcomes in various cancers, however, the role of Dicer in acquired gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer is still not clear. Here, we found that Dicer expression was significantly increased in gemcitabine‐resistant PANC‐1 (PANC‐1/GEM) cells compared with parental PANC‐1 cells and observed a high level of Dicer correlated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Suppression of Dicer obviously decreased gemcitabine resistance in PANC‐1/GEM cells; consistently, overexpression of Dicer in PANC‐1 cells increased gemcitabine resistance. Moreover, we identified that transcriptional factor Sp1 targeted the promoter region of Dicer and found ERK/Sp1 signaling regulated Dicer expression in PANC‐1/GEM cells, as well as positively correlated with pancreatic cancer progression and suggest that targeting the ERK/Sp1/Dicer pathway has potential therapeutic value for pancreatic cancer with acquired resistance to gemcitabine.
Application of aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with valence electron energy loss spectroscopy for the nanoscale mapping of the elastic properties of Al–Li–Cu alloys
Authors: Khushaim Muna S. , Anjum Dalaver H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe stress and strain play an important role in strengthening of the precipitation‐hardened Aluminum (Al) alloys. Despite the determination of relationship between the mechanical properties and the precipitation existing in the microstructure of these alloys, a quantitative analysis of the local stress and the strain fields at the hardening‐precipitates level has been seldom reported. In this paper, the microstructure of a T8 temper AA2195 Al alloy is investigated using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC‐STEM). The strain fields in Al matrix in the vicinity of observed precipitates, namely T1 and β′, are determined using geometric phase analysis (GPA). Young's modulus (Ym) mapping of the corresponding areas is determined from the valence electron energy loss spectroscopy (VEELS) measured bulk Plasmon energy (Ep) of the alloys. The GPA‐determined strains were then combined with VEELS‐determined Ym under the linear theory of elasticity to give rise the local stresses in the alloy. The obtained results show that the local stresses in Al matrix having no precipitates were in the range of 138 ± 2 MPa. Whereas, in the vicinity of thin and thick T1 platelet shape precipitates, the stresses were found to be about 202 ± 3 MPa and 195 ±3 MPa, respectively. The stresses measured in the vicinity of β′ spherical shape precipitates found out to be 140 ± 3 MPa which was near to the local stress value in Al matrix. Our findings suggest that the precipitate hardening in T8 temper AA2195 Al alloy predominantly stems from thin T1 precipitates.
Molecular mechanisms of Cl− transport in fishes: New insights and their evolutionary context
Authors: Shaughnessy Ciaran A. , Breves Jason P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith remarkably few exceptions, aquatic vertebrates maintain internal Cl− homeostasis despite strong and sometimes fluctuating Cl− concentration gradients between extracellular fluids and external environments. In this “Perspective,” we discuss recent advances in the understanding of epithelial Cl− transport at the molecular level within key osmoregulatory organs in fishes. New insights into mechanisms for epithelial Cl− transport in basal lineages are highlighted to provide an evolutionary context. We describe Cl− transport processes that employ: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, cation‐chloride cotransporters, voltage‐gated chloride channels, and chloride‐anion exchangers. As the collective understanding of Cl− transport processes continues to expand, investigators are equipped to more precisely characterize how endocrine factors promote hydromineral balance. We, therefore, conclude our discussion by paying special attention to recently defined roles for prolactin and corticosteroids in the regulation of Cl− transport in basal and derived clades.
Diagnostic potential of peri‐implant crevicular fluid microRNA‐21‐3p and microRNA‐150‐5p and extracellular vesicles in peri‐implant diseases
Authors: Chaparro Alejandra , Atria Pablo , Realini Ornella , Monteiro Lara J. , Betancur Daniel , Acuña‐Gallardo Stephanie , Ramírez Valeria , Bendek María José , Pascual Andrés , Nart José , Beltrán Victor , Sanz Antonio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the diagnostic usefulness of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and their subpopulations (micro‐vesicles and exosomes), and microRNAs (miRNA‐21‐3p, miRNA‐150‐5p, and miRNA‐26a‐5p) in peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of subjects with healthy, peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis implants.MethodsA total of 54 patients were enrolled into healthy, peri‐implant mucositis, and peri‐implantitis groups. PICF samples were collected, EVs subpopulations (MVs and Exo) were isolated and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of miRNA‐21‐3p, miRNA‐150‐5p and miRNA‐26a‐5p was quantified by qRT‐PCR. Logistic regression models and accuracy performance tests were estimated.ResultsPICF samples show the presence of EVs delimited by a bi‐layered membrane, in accordance with the morphology and size (< 200 nm). The concentration of PICF‐EVs, micro‐vesicles and exosomes was significantly increased in peri‐implantitis implants compared to healthy implants (P = 0.023, P = 0.002, P = 0.036, respectively). miRNA‐21‐3p and miRNA‐150‐5p expression were significantly downregulated in patients with peri‐implantitis in comparison with peri‐implant mucositis sites (P = 0.011, P = 0.020, respectively). The reduced expression of miRNA‐21‐3p and miRNA‐150‐5p was associated with peri‐implantitis diagnosis (OR:0.23, CI 0.08‐0.66, P = 0.007 and OR:0.07, CI 0.01‐0.78, P = 0.031, respectively). The model which included the miRNA‐21‐3p and miRNA‐150‐5p expression had a sensitivity of 93.3%, a specificity of 76.5%, a positive predictive value of 77.8%, and a negative predictive value of 92.9%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 3.97 and 0.09, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the model was 0.84.ConclusionsAn increase concentration of EVs with a downregulation expression of miRNA‐21‐3p and miRNA‐150‐5p could be related with the peri‐implantitis development.
Determinants of Chinese households' tourism consumption: Evidence from China Family Panel Studies
Authors: Lin Vera Shanshan , Qin Yuan , Li Gang , Wu Jinsong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing survey data from the China Family Panel Studies project, this study explores factors influencing Chinese households' tourism consumption. The Heckman model is employed to decompose households' travel decision‐making process into two stages: first deciding whether to engage in travel and tourism and then determining the level of tourism consumption. We find that sociodemographic, economic, and psychological factors shape Chinese households' tourism consumption. Our results paint a vivid picture of Chinese households as travel consumers and offer valuable insight for governmental policymaking, tourism marketing strategy design, and business organizations' development planning.
Residual Lung Injury in Patients Recovering From COVID‐19 Critical Illness
Authors: Alharthy Abdulrahman , Abuhamdah Mohamed , Balhamar Abdullah , Faqihi Fahad , Nasim Nasir , Ahmad Shahzad , Noor Alfateh , Tamim Hani , Alqahtani Saleh A. , Abdulaziz Al Saud Ahad Alhassan Al Saud Bin , Kutsogiannis Demetrios J. , Brindley Peter G. , Memish Ziad A. , Karakitsos Dimitrios , Blaivas Michael 
Published: November 2020

Scarce data exist regarding the natural history of lung lesions detected on ultrasound in those who survive severe COVID‐19 pneumonia.ObjectiveWe performed a prospective analysis of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) findings in critically ill COVID‐19 patients during and after hospitalization.MethodsWe enrolled 171 COVID‐19 intensive care unit patients. POCUS of the lungs was performed with phased array (2–4 MHz), convex (2–6 MHz) and linear (10–15 MHz) transducers, scanning 12 lung areas. Chest computed tomography angiography was performed to exclude suspected pulmonary embolism. Survivors were clinically and sonographically evaluated during a 4 month period for evidence of residual lung injury. Chest computed tomography angiography and echocardiography were used to exclude pulmonary hypertension (PH) and chest high‐resolution‐computed‐tomography to exclude interstitial lung disease (ILD) in symptomatic survivors.ResultsCox regression analysis showed that lymphocytopenia (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.88, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.68–0.96, p = .048), increased lactate (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.94–1.46, p = 0.049), and D‐dimers (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03–1.44, p = .03) were mortality predictors. Non‐survivors had increased incidence of pulmonary abnormalities (B‐lines, pleural line irregularities, and consolidations) compared to survivors (p < .05). During follow‐up, POCUS with clinical and laboratory parameters integrated in the semi‐quantitative Riyadh‐Residual‐Lung‐Injury scale had sensitivity of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.76–0.89) and specificity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.94–0.95) in predicting ILD. The prevalence of PH and ILD (non‐specific‐interstitial‐pneumonia) was 7% and 11.8%, respectively.ConclusionPOCUS showed ability to monitor the evolution of severe COVID‐19 pneumonia after hospital discharge, supporting its integration in clinical predictive models of residual lung injury.
The important role of soil moisture in controlling autumn phenology of herbaceous plants in the Inner Mongolian steppe
Authors: Tao Zexing , Ge Quansheng , Wang Huanjiong , Dai Junhu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAutumn phenology variation in temperate grassland is a direct indicator of land degradation, and a phenology‐based model has been used to simulate human‐induced land degradation. It is important to reveal how environmental factors influence autumn phenology of herbaceous plants. In this study, we examined the effects of temperature, photoperiod, and soil moisture on the leaf withering date (LWD) of four herbaceous species (Xanthium sibiricum, Plantago asiatica, Iris lactea, and Taraxacum mongolicum) at 15 sites in the Inner Mongolian steppe from 1981 to 2012. Then, we developed two process‐based models coupling the effects of the three factors based on an existing cold degree–days (CDD)‐based model for predicting the LWD of the four species. The new models showed better accuracy than CDD model during validation. The model structure and parameters suggested that soil moisture likely influenced LWD nonlinearly and presented a multiplicative interaction with temperature and photoperiod. In addition, photoperiod had divergent effects on the accumulation of cold temperature for different species and sites. For X. sibiricum, the photoperiod only determined the start of cold temperature accumulation. Considering the carryover effect of spring phenology did not improve model performance. Our study also showed that local adaptation of plants was commonly ignored when using same parameters in model calibration with observation data from multiple sites; however, model calibrations using site‐specific data were less stable, and the parameters could not be extrapolated across space. It will be necessary to establish a generalized regional model driven by both climatic and genotypic factors in future research.
Optical Coherence Tomography‐Assisted Evaluation of Fractional Er:YAG Laser Versus Fractional Microneedling Radiofrequency in Treating Striae Alba
Authors: Nada Hesham A. , Sallam Moataz A. , Mohamed Marwa N. , Elsaie Mohamed L. 
Published: November 2020

Background and ObjectivesStriae distensae (SD) is a challenging skin condition. Striae alba (SA) represents the chronic late atrophic stage of SD. Fractional laser technology is among the modalities used for treating SD. Lately, fractional microneedling radiofrequency (FMR) is gaining increased popularity in treating SD. The aim of our study was to assess and compare the efficacy of FMR and fractional Er:YAG laser in the treatment of SA.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty female patients were enrolled in the study fulfilling all inclusion and exclusion criteria. On a randomly selected half side of the body, the patients were treated with 2940 nm fractional Er:YAG laser while the other half side was treated with the FMR.ResultsBoth modalities showed a significant reduction in the width of the widest striae (P < 0.005); however, there was no significant difference between them. Using optical coherence tomography, all patients demonstrated a mean significant increase in epidermal thickness; however, the FMR‐treated sites showed significantly better results when compared with the ER:YAG‐treated sides (P = 0.029). Scar improvements in both modalities did not correlate to skin type, duration, or site of the striae.ConclusionEr:YAG and FMR represent two safe, effective, tolerable modalities for treating SA and are associated with minimal side effects. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
SARS‐CoV‐2‐mediated immune system activation and potential application in immunotherapy
Authors: Tan Yuan , Tang Faqin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐mediated pulmonary inflammation has recently attracted great attention, its pathology and pathogenesis are not clear. Notably, due to both its high infective and pathogenicity, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may cause a severe sometimes fatal respiratory disease. A specific vaccine, which relies on the analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 structural protein‐derived antigenic peptides, is indispensable for restraining the spread and reducing the mortality of SARS‐CoV‐2. SARS‐CoV‐2 infections activate cytototxic, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, as well as natural killer, B, helper T, and regulatory T cells, thus further stimulating innate and antigen‐specific immune responses. Nevertheless, many immune effector cells cause hyperinflammation and pulmonary immunopathology by releasing proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interferon (IFN)‐α, IFN‐β, IFN‐γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1A, MIP1B, interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐7, IL‐8, IL‐9, IL‐12, IL‐17, and IL‐18, platelet‐derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and induced protein 10. Interestingly, related products derived from SARS‐CoV‐2 are likely to trigger immune evasion. Therefore, investigating SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific vaccines, blocking immunopathology, and prohibiting immune evasion are urgently required for treating SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In this review, we emphatically illuminated the development of a SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific vaccine based on the analysis of epitopes, also expounding the molecular mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2‐mediated cytokine release syndrome. Furthermore, we comprehensively discussed SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated immune evasion and lung immunopathology. Lastly, potential therapeutic strategies against SARS‐CoV‐2 were explored.