bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay of emotional and social conceptual processes during moral reasoning in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Strikwerda-Brown Cherie , Ramanan Siddharth , Goldberg Zoë-Lee , Mothakunnel Annu , Hodges John R , Ahmed Rebekah M , Piguet Olivier , Irish Muireann 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cooperative social behaviour in humans hinges upon our unique ability to make appropriate moral decisions in accordance with our ethical values. The complexity of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying moral reasoning is revealed when this capacity breaks down. Patients with the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) display striking moral transgressions in the context of atrophy to frontotemporal regions supporting affective and social conceptual processing. Developmental studies have highlighted the importance of social knowledge to moral decision making in children, yet the role of social knowledge in relation to moral reasoning impairments in neurodegeneration has largely been overlooked. Here, we sought to examine the role of affective and social conceptual processes in personal moral reasoning in bvFTD, and their relationship to the integrity and structural connectivity of frontotemporal brain regions. Personal moral reasoning across varying degrees of conflict was assessed in 26 bvFTD patients and compared with demographically matched Alzheimer’s disease patients (n = 14), and healthy older adults (n = 22). Following each moral decision, we directly probed participants’ subjective emotional experience as an index of their affective response, while social norm knowledge was assessed via an independent task. While groups did not differ significantly in terms of their moral decisions, bvFTD patients reported feeling ‘better’ about their decisions than healthy control subjects. In other words, although bvFTD patients could adjudicate between different courses of action in the moral scenarios, their affective responses to these decisions were highly irregular. This blunted emotional reaction was exclusive to the personal high-conflict condition, with 61.5% of bvFTD patients reporting feeling ‘extremely good’ about their decisions, and was correlated with reduced knowledge of socially acceptable behaviour. Voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed a distributed network of frontal, subcortical, and lateral temporal grey matter regions involved in the attenuated affective response to moral conflict in bvFTD. Crucially, diffusion-tensor imaging implicated the uncinate fasciculus as the pathway by which social conceptual knowledge may influence emotional reactions to personal high-conflict moral dilemmas in bvFTD. Our findings suggest that altered moral behaviour in bvFTD reflects the dynamic interplay between degraded social conceptual knowledge and blunted affective responsiveness, attributable to atrophy of, and impaired information transfer between, frontal and temporal cortices. Delineating the mechanisms of impaired morality in bvFTD provides crucial clinical information for understanding and treating this challenging symptom, which may help pave the way for targeted behavioural interventions.
A Stability Indicating Method Development and Validation for Separation of Process Related Impurities and Characterization of Unknown Impurities of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ibrutinib Using QbD Approach by RP-HPLC, NMR Spectroscopy and ESI-MS
Authors: Gopireddy Raman Reddy , Maruthapillai Arthanareeswari , Mahapatra Sudarshan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A selective RP-HPLC method for separation and determination of potential-related impurities (process related and degradants) of Ibrutinib drug substance has been developed and validated. The separation was accomplished on a X-Bridge C18, (150 x 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) column connected to a photodiode array detector using 10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 0.025% of trifluoroacetic acid (pH ~ 5.5 adjusted with KOH solution) and acetonitrile in a ratio of 85:15 respectively as mobile phase A, and 10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 0.07% of trifluoroacetic acid (pH ~ 5.5 adjusted with KOH solution) and acetonitrile in a ratio of 30:70 respectively as mobile phase B, under gradient elution. The flow rate and detection wavelength were 1.0 mL/min and 220 nm, respectively. Quality by design approach using design expert software was strategically designed to optimize the critical chromatographic parameters like column temperature, flow rate and mobile phase B, pH variation in the mobile phase to achieve the separation of process impurities and thermal degradants. Two unknown impurities found in IBT thermal stability condition at more than 0.1% in HPLC analysis were enriched and isolated by preparative HPLC and structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. This method can be used for the quality control of both drug substance and drug product. The performance of the method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines for specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness.
Systematic review of the published guidelines on Barrett’s esophagus: should we stress the consensus or the differences?
Authors: Marques de Sá Inês , Pereira António Dias , Sharma Prateek , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multiple guidelines on Barrett’s esophagus (BE) have being published in order to standardize and improve clinical practice. However, studies have shown poor adherence to them. Our aim was to synthetize, compare, and assess the quality of recommendations from recently published guidelines, stressing similarities and differences. We conducted a search in Pubmed and Scopus. When different guidelines from the same society were identified, the most recent one was considered. We used the GRADE system to assess the quality of evidence. We included 24 guidelines and position/consensus statements from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, British Society of Gastroenterology, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, American Gastroenterological Association, American College of Gastroenterology, Australian guidelines, and Asia-Pacific consensus. All guidelines defend that BE should be diagnosed when there is an extension of columnar epithelium into the distal esophagus. However, there is still some controversy regarding length and histology criteria for BE diagnosis. All guidelines recommend expert pathologist review for dysplasia diagnosis. All guidelines recommend surveillance for non-dysplastic BE, and some recommend surveillance for indefinite dysplasia. While the majority of guidelines recommend ablation therapy for low-grade dysplasia without visible lesion, others recommend ablation therapy or endoscopic surveillance. However, controversy exists regarding surveillance intervals and biopsy protocols. All guidelines recommend endoscopic resection followed by ablation therapy for neoplastic visible lesion. Several guidelines use the GRADE system, but the majority of recommendations are based on low and moderate quality of evidence. Although there is considerable consensus among guidelines, there are some discrepancies resulting from low-quality evidence. The lack of high-quality evidence for the majority of recommendations highlights the importance of continued well-conducted research in this field.
Dynamic risk assessment to improve quality of care in patients with atrial fibrillation: the 7th AFNET/EHRA Consensus Conference
Authors: Fabritz Larissa , Crijns Harry J G M , Guasch Eduard , Goette Andreas , Häusler Karl Georg , Kotecha Dipak , Lewalter Thorsten , Meyer Christian , Potpara Tatjana S , Rienstra Michiel , Schnabel Renate B , Willems Stephan , Breithardt Guenter , Camm A John , Chan Anthony , Chua Winnie , de Melis Mirko , Dimopoulou Christina , Dobrev Dobromir , Easter Christina , Eckardt Lars , Haase Doreen , Hatem Stephane , Healey Jeff S , Heijman Jordi , Hohnloser Stefan H , Huebner Thomas , Ilyas Bushra Saeed , Isaacs Aaron , Kutschka Ingo , Leclercq Christophe , Lip Gregory Y H , Marinelli Elena Andreassi , Merino Jose L , Mont Lluís , Nabauer Michael , Oldgren Jonas , Pürerfellner Helmut , Ravens Ursula , Savelieva Irina , Sinner Moritz F , Sitch Alice , Smolnik Rüdiger , Steffel Jan , Stein Kenneth , Stoll Monika , Svennberg Emma , Thomas Dierk , Van Gelder Isabelle C , Vardar Burcu , Wakili Reza , Wieloch Mattias , Zeemering Stef , Ziegler Paul D , Heidbuchel Hein , Hindricks Gerhard , Schotten Ulrich , Kirchhof Paulus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThe risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) and its complications continues to increase, despite good progress in preventing AF-related strokes.Methods and resultsThis article summarizes the outcomes of the 7th Consensus Conference of the Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) held in Lisbon in March 2019. Sixty-five international AF specialists met to present new data and find consensus on pressing issues in AF prevention, management and future research to improve care for patients with AF and prevent AF-related complications. This article is the main outcome of an interactive, iterative discussion between breakout specialist groups and the meeting plenary. AF patients have dynamic risk profiles requiring repeated assessment and risk-based therapy stratification to optimize quality of care. Interrogation of deeply phenotyped datasets with outcomes will lead to a better understanding of the cardiac and systemic effects of AF, interacting with comorbidities and predisposing factors, enabling stratified therapy. New proposals include an algorithm for the acute management of patients with AF and heart failure, a call for a refined, data-driven assessment of stroke risk, suggestions for anticoagulation use in special populations, and a call for rhythm control therapy selection based on risk of AF recurrence.ConclusionThe remaining morbidity and mortality in patients with AF needs better characterization. Likely drivers of the remaining AF-related problems are AF burden, potentially treatable by rhythm control therapy, and concomitant conditions, potentially treatable by treating these conditions. Identifying the drivers of AF-related complications holds promise for stratified therapy.
Double strand breaks (DSBs) as indicators of genomic instability in PATRR-mediated translocations
Authors: Correll-Tash Sarah , Lilley Brenna , Salmons IV Harold , Mlynarski Elisabeth , Franconi Colleen P , McNamara Meghan , Woodbury Carson , Easley Charles A , Emanuel Beverly S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Genomic instability contributes to a variety of potentially damaging conditions, including DNA-based rearrangements. Breakage in the form of double strand breaks (DSBs) increases the likelihood of DNA damage, mutations and translocations. Certain human DNA regions are known to be involved in recurrent translocations, such as the palindrome-mediated rearrangements that have been identified at the breakpoints of several recurrent constitutional translocations: t(11;22)(q23;q11), t(17;22)(q11;q11) and t(8;22) (q24;q11). These breakpoints occur at the center of palindromic AT-rich repeats (PATRRs), which suggests that the structure of the DNA may play a contributory role, potentially through the formation of secondary cruciform structures. The current study analyzed the DSB propensity of these PATRR regions in both lymphoblastoid (mitotic) and spermatogenic cells (meiotic). Initial results found an increased association of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) at PATRR regions in experiments that used SCEs to assay DSBs, combining SCE staining with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Additional experiments used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with antibodies for either markers of DSBs or proteins involved in DSB repair along with quantitative polymerase chain reaction to quantify the frequency of DSBs occurring at PATRR regions. The results indicate an increased rate of DSBs at PATRR regions. Additional ChIP experiments with the cruciform binding 2D3 antibody indicate an increased rate of cruciform structures at PATRR regions in both mitotic and meiotic samples. Overall, these experiments demonstrate an elevated rate of DSBs at PATRR regions, an indication that the structure of PATRR containing DNA may lead to increased breakage in multiple cellular environments.
Effect of D614G Spike Variant on Immunoglobulin G, M, or A Spike Seroassay Performance
Authors: Klumpp-Thomas Carleen , Kalish Heather , Hicks Jennifer , Mehalko Jennifer , Drew Matthew , Memoli Matthew J , Hall Matthew D , Esposito Dominic , Sadtler Kaitlyn 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Emergence of a new spike protein variant (D614G) with increased infectivity has prompted many to analyze its role in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. There is concern regarding whether an individual exposed to one variant of a virus will have cross-reactive memory to the second variant. Accordingly, we analyzed the serologic reactivity of both variants, and we found that antibodies from 88 donors from a high-incidence population reacted toward both the original spike and the D614 spike variant. These data suggest that patients who are exposed to either variant have cross-responsive humoral immunity. This represents an important finding both for SARS-CoV-2 disease biology and for therapeutics.
116 Oklahoma State University Continuing Education Online Courses for Extension Educators in 2020
Authors: Moehlenpah Alexi , Lalman David L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Smith–Lever Act of 1914 established a system of cooperative extension services to connect the land-grant universities to the people. Agricultural extension educators serve as the “front door” to the University, providing research-based information in a wide variety of agricultural topics such as livestock, crops, entomology, natural resources, etc. A bachelor’s degree in agriculture is a requirement for employment as an agricultural extension educator in most states. Generally, most new hires are knowledgeable in one or more areas and perhaps possess a degree focused in the same area. However, many educators are not fluent in all the agriculture sectors they are required to address on a daily basis. Our objective is to gradually develop an online in-service program specifically designed to strengthen educators’ knowledge and proficiency in basic beef cattle production. These courses will consist of five to ten modules each with an estimated five hours of course work per subject. The courses will include reading material, listening and visual material, interactive activities, and quizzes to aid in learning the basics. The Introduction to Beef Cattle Nutrition course is intended to enhance extension educators’ knowledge of the nutrient requirements of beef cattle, body condition scoring, ration calculation, etc. Extension educators will be expected to pass quizzes at the end of each module with an eighty percent or higher. Oklahoma extension educators will enroll in the Introduction to Beef Cattle Nutrition course during the 2020 calendar year and complete over a ten-week period. A survey at the end of each module will allow the authors to see how effective the course was, and if the representative feels more confident in discussing and helping producers with their herd nutrition upon completion.
172 The Mississippi Beef Quality Assurance Program: Certification Demographics from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Pittman Alexandra M , Karisch Brandi , Huston Carla 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Mississippi Beef Quality Assurance Program (BQA) has been in place since the early 1990s. In 2015, program materials and format were updated to reflect changing needs of clientele. The current program is a combination of in-person presentation with demonstration of tools such as castration equipment, needles, syringes, etc. to supplement the educational materials. Each registered participant receives a manual, tri-fold supplement, cooler, bumper sticker, and certificate upon completion of the certification. After viewing the presentation, participants complete a 14-question exam to test their knowledge of materials important to the BQA program. Upon passing the exam, participants receive certification, which is valid for 3 yr. Certification events are encouraged to include multiple counties, and reach a wide range of producers. In 2015 to 2017, events were specifically scheduled by state coordinators to ensure cattle producers in all areas of the state had the opportunity to attend a nearby program. Events were also held on an as requested basis. At the end of each certification, participants completed an anonymous survey reporting information on demographics and program effectiveness. From 2015 to 2019, there were 1,734 total certifications through 57 BQA programs provided. At these events, 26 states were represented. From Mississippi, 64 of 82 counties were represented. When describing total number of cattle, the majority of producers reported owning 1 to 50 head (46%) while only 3% reported owning over 1000 head. Producers also listed the total number of acres in pasture, where the majority reporting 1 to 100 acres (32%) and 6% reporting over 1000 acres. When asked to rank economic impacts, most (26%) reported an estimated more than $25 per head benefit due to increased production and marketing. In summary, producers had small number of cattle and acres of pasture but reported large economic benefits to the certification.
135 Public perceptions of equine processing and welfare
Authors: Melvin Kelly , Schneider Liesel G , Ivey Jennie L , Krawczel Peter D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Equine welfare and processing are a major topic of interest, often debated by industry professionals and the public alike. These debates often focus on the welfare of equines during the different aspects of processing and the impacts related to the processing legislation passed in 2007. Our objective was to determine if one’s definition of welfare, industry connection, or their classification of equines was associated with their perceptions of equine processing and related impacts. Over a 6-wk period, a survey was distributed via email and social media outlets to U.S. residents over the age of 18 (n = 1,334). Participants responded to questions including demographic information, connection to the industry, equine classification, and indicated the changes they expected occurred due to the 2007 processing legislation. Furthermore, participants selected sources from which they commonly obtain information regarding animal welfare issues. Statistical significance was set at α=0.05. Multinomial logistic regression in SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC; PROC LOGISTIC) was used to determine factors associated with participants’ likelihood to respond “increase,” “decrease,” or “no impact” to each area in which the 2007 legislation could have impacted the industry. When asked if there was an impact on the number of horses processed, connection to the industry (P = 0.03), welfare definition (P &lt; 0.0001) and classification of horses (P = 0.009) were associated with responses. Respondents with light connection, when compared to moderate connection, were 10 times more likely (OR=10.9; 95% Cl: 1.03, 111.1) to say there was an increase in horse processing, versus no impact, in response to the 2007 legislation. Understanding interactions between industry connection, welfare definition, classification of equids relative to current industry issues may prove beneficial to bridge an educational gap and provide clarity to important welfare concerns.
131 Producer adoption of preconditioning strategies in the Oklahoma Quality Beef Network
Authors: Robe Jeff , Beck Paul A , Zook Dana , New Marty , Ward Earl , Freking Brian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Oklahoma Quality Beef Network (OQBN) Vac-45 program was designed to provide health management certification and value-added marketing for cow-calf producers since 2001. The objective of this abstract is to examine trends in health management systems by OQBN participants. Participants chose from one of three options for administering vaccinations: Option 1) branding and weaning, Option 2) 2–6 weeks before weaning and weaning, Option 3) weaning and 14–28 d post weaning. From 2014–2018, 596 participants enrolled 30,452 calves. Preferred vaccine options were: Option 1) 210 participants (35%) and 12,015 calves (37%), Option 2) 96 participants (16%) and 3,016 calves (10%), Option 3) 290 participants (49%) and 15,421 calves (51%). Producer choice of a viral vaccine component included 251 (42%) participants using killed vaccine at least once. A five-yr average of cattle marketed with at least one modified-live vaccine (MLV) exposure was 73% of calves (22,138) and 27% (8,314) were treated with only killed vaccines. In Option 1, 57 (10% of the total) participants used killed vaccines at both times, 33 (6%) used a killed vaccine followed by a MLV at weaning, 120 (20%) used MLV at both times. Option 2, 55 (9%) participants used killed vaccines at both times, 4 (1%) participants used a killed vaccine follow by a MLV at weaning; 37 (6%) used a MLV at both times. Option 3, 114 (19%) participants used killed vaccines at both times, 2 (&lt; 1%) participant used a killed vaccine followed by a MLV, 1 participant used MLV followed by killed vaccine, 173 (29%) participants used MLV at both times. Cattle marketed with killed vaccines have seen an increase in use; 2014 (27%), 2015 (17%), 2016 (27%), 2017 (31%), 2018 (39%). These data show the preferred method of MLV vaccination utilized is a weaning and post-weaning system with an increased use of killed vaccines, which may be due to producer concerns regarding exposure of brood cows to MLV.
174 The Southeast hay contest: 10 year summary
Authors: Dillard Sandra L , Baxter Lisa , Wallau Marcelo , Harmon Deidre D , Hancock Dennis W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Southeast (SE) Hay Contest was started by a group of Extension agents from across the SE with the objective of increasing producer knowledge of the relative forage quality (RFQ) index. Since its inception, the program has grown to over 350 hay and baleage samples annually. Forage samples were categorized into warm-season perennial grass hay (WSPGH), alfalfa hay (AH), perennial peanut hay (PPH), cool-season perennial grass hay (CSPGH), mixed annual grass, or other hay (MAG), grass baleage (GB), and legume baleage (LB). Samples were analyzed for RFQ and crude protein (CP) using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) at the UGA Forage Testing Center (Athens, GA). The following summary includes data from 2009–2018 analyzed using Proc Glimmix of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst., Cary, NC) with category and year as fixed effects and α = 0.05. Alfalfa hay had the greatest RFQ, followed by LB (P ≤ 0.004; 199 and 186, respectively). Perennial peanut and GB had median RFQ values (P ≤ 0.001; 169 and 150, respectively), and WSPGH had the least (P ≤ 0.008; 117). With the exception of 2017, the years 2013 to 2018 had the greatest RFQ (P &lt; 0.001; 165). 2017 had a greater amount of rain than average, likely resulting in its lower average RFQ. Alfalfa hay had the greatest (P &lt; 0.001) CP of all categories (23.9%; P &lt; 0.001). Crude protein concentrations did not differ among WSPGH, CSPGJH, and MAG (P ≥ 0.192; 14.5%). While these forage samples were likely greater quality than samples not submitted, we conclude that outreach efforts, including the SE Hay Contest, have increased knowledge of the hay and baleage production process leading to increased hay quality from 2009 to 2018.