bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of Large-Scale Inland Water Body Mapping from Sentinel-1/2 Data on the Example of Bavaria’s Lakes and Rivers
Authors: Schmitt Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe mapping of water bodies is an important application area of satellite-based remote sensing. In this contribution, a simple framework based on supervised learning and automatic training data annotation is shown, which allows to map inland water bodies from Sentinel satellite data on large scale, i.e. on state level. Using the German state of Bavaria as an example and different combinations of Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 multi-spectral imagery as inputs, potentials and limits for the automatic detection of water surfaces for rivers, lakes, and reservoirs are investigated. Both quantitative and qualitative results confirm that fully automatic large-scale inland water body mapping is generally possible from Sentinel data; whereas, the best result is achieved when all available surface-related bands of both Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 are fused on a pixel level. The main limitation arises from missed smaller water bodies, which are not observed in bands with a resolution of about 20 m. Given the simplicity of the proposed approach and the open availability of the Sentinel data, the study confirms the potential for a fully automatic large-scale mapping of inland water with cloud-based remote sensing techniques.
Clustering Algorithm of Density Difference Optimized by Mixed Teaching and Learning
Authors: Chen Hailong , Ge Miaomiao , Xue Yutong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDensity peak clustering (DPC) algorithm is to find clustering centers by calculating the local density and distance of data points based on the distance between data points and the cutoff distance (dc) set manually. Generally, the attribute calculation between data points is simply obtained by Euclidean distance. However, when the density distribution of data points in data sets is uneven, there are high-density and low-density points, and the dc value is set artificially and randomly, this will seriously affect the clustering results of DPC algorithm. For this reason, a clustering algorithm which combines teaching and learning optimization algorithm and density gap is proposed (NSTLBO-DGDPC). First, in order to consider the influence of data point attributes and neighborhoods, the density difference distance is introduced to replace the Euclidean distance of the original algorithm. Secondly, because manual selection of clustering centers may produce incorrect clustering results, the standard deviation of high-density distance is used to determine the clustering centers of clustering algorithm. Finally, using the teaching and learning optimization algorithm (TLBO) to find the optimal value, in order to avoid the algorithm falling into local optimum. When the population density reaches a certain threshold, the niche selection strategy is introduced to discharge the similarity value, and then the nonlinear decreasing strategy is used to update the students in the teaching stage and the learning stage to obtain the optimal dc solution. In this paper, the accuracy and convergence of the improved TLBO algorithm (NSTLBO) are verified by ten benchmark functions. Simulation experiments show that the NSTLBO algorithm has better performance. Clustering algorithm integrating teaching and learning optimization algorithm and density gap proposed in this paper are validated by using eight synthetic data sets and eight real data sets. The simulation results show that the algorithm has better clustering quality and effect.
Mass-balance observation, reconstruction and sensitivity of Stok glacier, Ladakh region, India, between 1978 and 2019
Authors: Soheb Mohd , Ramanathan Alagappan , Angchuk Thupstan , Mandal Arindan , Kumar Naveen , Lotus Sonam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present the first-ever mass-balance (MB) observation (2014–19), reconstruction (between 1978 and 2019) and sensitivity of debris-free Stok glacier (33.98°N, 77.45°E), Ladakh Region, India. In-situ MB was negative throughout the study period except in 2018/19 when the glacier witnessed a balanced condition. For MB modelling, three periods were considered based on the available data. Period I (1978–87, 1988/89) witnessed a near balance condition (−0.03 ± 0.35 m w.e. a−1) with five positive MB years. Whereas Period II (1998–2002, 2003–09) and III (2011–19) experienced high (−0.9 ± 0.35 m w.e. a−1) and moderate (−0.46 ± 0.35 m w.e. a−1) negative MBs, respectively. Glacier area for these periods was derived from the Corona, Landsat and PlanetScope imageries using a semi-automatic approach. The in-situ and modelled MBs were in good agreement with RMSE of 0.23 m w.e. a−1,R2= 0.92,P< 0.05. The average mass loss was moderate (−0.47 ± 0.35 m w.e. a−1) over 28 hydrological years between 1978 and 2019. Sensitivity analysis showed that the glacier was more sensitive to summer temperature (−0.32 m w.e. a−1°C−1) and winter precipitation (0.12 m w.e. a−1for ± 10%). It was estimated that ~27% increase in precipitation is required on Stok glacier to compensate for the mass loss due to 1°C rise in temperature.
Mainstream Russian Nationalism and the “State-Civilization” Identity: Perspectives from Below
Authors: Blackburn Matthew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBased on more than 100 interviews in European Russia, this article sheds light on the bottom-up dynamics of Russian nationalism. After offering a characterization of the post-2012 “state-civilization” discourse from above, I examine how ordinary people imagine Russia as a “state-civilization.” Interview narratives of inclusion into the nation are found to overlap with state discourse on three main lines: (1) ethno-nationalism is rejected, and Russia is imagined to be a unique, harmonious multi-ethnic space in which the Russians (russkie) lead without repressing the others; (2) Russia’s multinationalism is remembered in myths of peaceful interactions between Russians (russkie) and indigenous ethnic groups (korennyye narodi) across the imperial and Soviet past; (3) Russian culture and language are perceived as the glue that holds together a unified category of nationhood. Interview narratives on exclusion deviate from state discourse in two key areas: attitudes to the North Caucasus reveal the geopolitical-security, post-imperial aspect of the “state-civilization” identity, while stances toward non-Slavic migrants in city spaces reveal a degree of “cultural nationalism” that, while sharing characteristics with those of Western Europe, is also based on Soviet-framed notions of normality. Overall, the article contributes to debates on how Soviet legacies and Russia’s post-imperial consciousness play out in the context of the “pro-Putin consensus.”
Graph limits of random unlabelled k-trees
Authors: Jin Emma Yu , Stufler Benedikt 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study random unlabelled k-trees by combining the colouring approach by Gainer-Dewar and Gessel (2014) with the cycle-pointing method by Bodirsky, Fusy, Kang and Vigerske (2011). Our main applications are Gromov–Hausdorff–Prokhorov and Benjamini–Schramm limits that describe their asymptotic geometric shape on a global and local scale as the number of (k + 1)-cliques tends to infinity.
Individual differences in processes of lifestyle changes among people with obesity: an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention in a primary health care setting
Authors: Kasila Kirsti , Vainio Suvi , Punna Mari , Lappalainen Päivi , Lappalainen Raimo , Kaipainen Kirsikka , Kettunen Tarja 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAim:To explore what thoughts, feelings, and learning processes were involved in obese participants’ lifestyle change during an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) lifestyle intervention delivered in primary health care.Background:Previous studies have revealed that lifestyle interventions are effective at promoting initial weight loss, but reduced weight is often difficult to sustain because of the failure to maintain healthy lifestyle changes. Achieving and maintaining lifestyle changes requires to learn self-regulation skills. ACT-based lifestyle interventions combine many self-regulatory skill factors, and the results from previous studies are promising. Research on the individual learning processes of lifestyle change is still needed.Methods:This study investigated a subset of data from a larger web-based lifestyle intervention. This subset consisted of online logbooks written by 17 obese participants (n= 17, body mass index mean 41.26 kg/m2) during the six-week online module. The logbooks were analyzed via data-driven content analysis.Findings:Four groups were identified based on the participants being at different phases in their lifestyle changes: stuck with barriers, slowly forward, reflective and hardworking, and convincingly forward with the help of concrete goals. Differences between the groups were manifested in personal barriers, goal setting, training of mindfulness and acceptance, and achieving healthy actions. The ACT-based lifestyle intervention offered participants an opportunity to reflect on how their thoughts and feelings may hinder healthy lifestyle changes and provided tools for learning psychological flexibility.
Optical Photothermal Infrared Microspectroscopy with Simultaneous Raman – A New Non-Contact Failure Analysis Technique for Identification of <10 μm Organic Contamination in the Hard Drive and other Electronics Industries
Authors: Kansiz Mustafa , Prater Craig , Dillon Eoghan , Lo Michael , Anderson Jay , Marcott Curtis , Demissie Abel , Chen Yanling , Kunkel Gary 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Ties that Bind: Assessing the Effects of Political and Racial Church Homogeneity on Asian American Political Participation
Authors: Chan Nathan K. , Phoenix Davin L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResearch consistently emphasizes the importance of religious institutions for influencing political action among Asian Americans. The social capital literature offers two theoretical explanations for why churches increase political activity: bridging capital between different groups and bonding capital among similar groups. The latter argues that individuals who attend racially homogeneous churches are more participatory. This paper expands on these accounts by examining another aspect of bonding. That is, how does similarity in political views among church members affect Asian Americans' political participation? Results from the 2016 Collaborative Multi-Racial Post-Election Survey show that Asian Americans who attend politically homogeneous churches are more likely to vote and participate in conventional activities. The effects of racial homogeneity are limited once taking political homogeneity into consideration. These findings provide evidence that political homophily within religious organizations may facilitate the bonding of social capital between racial/ethnic minorities, and this homophily is indeed salient to democratic participation.
Automated Estimation and Tools to Extract Positions, Velocities, Breaks, and Seasonal Terms From Daily GNSS Measurements: Illuminating Nonlinear Salton Trough Deformation
Authors: Heflin Michael , Donnellan Andrea , Parker Jay , Lyzenga Gregory , Moore Angelyn , Ludwig Lisa Grant , Rundle John , Wang Jun , Pierce Marlon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the methods used to estimate positions, velocities, breaks, and seasonal terms from daily Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements. Break detection and outlier removal have been automated so that decades of daily measurements from thousands of stations can be processed in a few hours. New measurements are added, and parameters are updated every week. Model parameters allow separation of interseismic, annual, coseismic, and postseismic signals. Tools available through GeoGateway (http://geo-gateway.org) allow rapid visualization and analysis of these terms for results that can be subsetted in time or space. Results show highly variable and nonlinear motion for GPS stations in southern California. The variable motion is related to seasonal motions, distributed tectonic motion, earthquakes, and postseismic motions that can continue for years. In some areas results suggest that additional processes are responsible for the observed motions. In general, following earthquakes, stations return to their long‐term motions after 2–3 years, though some exceptions occur. The use of the tools shows nonlinear motion in the Salton Trough of southern California related to the 2010 M7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake, 2012 Brawley earthquake swarm, and a creep event on the Superstition Hills fault in 2017.
The Changing Eigenfrequency Continuum During Geomagnetic Storms: Implications for Plasma Mass Dynamics and ULF Wave Coupling
Authors: Wharton S. J. , Rae I. J. , Sandhu J. K. , Walach M.‐T. , Wright D. M. , Yeoman T. K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGeomagnetic storms are one of the most energetic space weather phenomena. Previous studies have shown that the eigenfrequencies of ultralow frequency (ULF) waves on closed magnetic field lines in the inner magnetosphere decrease during storm times. This change suggests either a reduction in the magnetic field strength and/or an increase in its plasma mass density distribution. We investigate the changes in local eigenfrequencies by applying a superposed multiple‐epoch analysis to cross‐phase spectra from 132 geomagnetic storms. Six ground magnetometer pairs are used to investigate variations from approximately 3 < L < 7 and across the whole dayside sector. We find that at L > 4, the eigenfrequencies decrease by as much as 50% relative to their quiet time values. Both a decrease in magnetic field strength and an increase in plasma mass density, in some locations by more than a factor of 2, are responsible for this reduction. The enhancement of the ring current and an increase in oxygen ion density could explain these observations. At L < 4, the eigenfrequencies increase due to the decrease in plasma mass density caused by plasmaspheric erosion.
Efficient Method of Moments for Simulating Atmospheric Aerosol Growth: Model Description, Verification, and Application
Authors: Shen J. , Yu M. , Chan T. L. , Tu C. , Liu Y. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe atmospheric aerosol dynamics model (AADM) has been widely used in both comprehensive air quality model systems and chemical transport modeling globally. The AADM consists of Smoluchowski's coagulation equation (SCE), whose solution undergoing Brownian coagulation in the free molecular regime is a challenge because it is inconsistent with aerosols whose size distribution cannot exactly follow the lognormal size distribution. Thus, a new method for solving the SCE without assuming lognormal size distribution is proposed and developed. The underlying principle of this method is that the hybridization of the well‐established method of moments with the assumed lognormal size distribution (log MOM) and Taylor‐series expansion method of moments (TEMOM) is implemented. This method shows excellent agreement with the sectional method (SM) which is used as reference. The accuracy of these two specific models closely approaches that of the TEMOM, but overcomes the limitation of the classical log MOM. The computational time of this scheme is considerably lower than that of the SM. The new method was successfully implemented to reveal the formation and growth of secondary particles emitted from a vehicle exhaust tailpipe. It was found that the formation of new particles only occurs in the interface region of the turbulent exhaust jet (which is very close to the tailpipe exit), whereas no new particles are formed in the mixture of the exhaust jet plume and the surrounding cold air downstream. The new method is verified as an efficient and reliable numerical scheme for studying atmospheric aerosol dynamics.
Dynamical Evolution of Simulated Particles Ejected From Asteroid Bennu
Authors: McMahon Jay W. , Scheeres Daniel J. , Chesley Steven R. , French Andrew , Brack Daniel , Farnocchia Davide , Takahashi Yu , Rozitis Benjamin , Tricarico Pasquale , Mazarico Erwan , Bierhaus Beau , Emery Joshua P. , Hergenrother Carl W. , Lauretta Dante S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn early 2019, the OSIRIS‐REx spacecraft discovered small particles being ejected from the surface of the near‐Earth asteroid Bennu.sww Although they were seen to be ejected at slow speeds, on the order of tens of cm/s, a number of particles were surprisingly seen to orbit for multiple revolutions and days, which requires a dynamical mechanism to quickly and substantially modify the orbit to prevent re‐impact upon their first periapse passage. This paper demonstrates that, based on simulations constrained by the conditions of the observed events, the combined effects of gravity, solar radiation pressure, and thermal radiation pressure from Bennu can produce many sustained orbits for ejected particles. Furthermore, the simulated populations exhibit two interesting phenomena that could play an important role in the geophysical evolution of bodies such as Bennu. First, small particles (<1 cm radius) are preferentially removed from the system, which could lead to a deficit of such particles on the surface. Second, re‐impacting particles preferentially land near or on the equatorial bulge of Bennu. Over time, this can lead to crater in‐filling and growth of the equatorial radius without requiring landslides.
Statistical Analysis of Joule Heating and Thermosphere Response During Geomagnetic Storms of Different Magnitudes
Authors: Wang Xin , Miao Juan , Aa Ercha , Ren Tingling , Wang Yuxian , Liu Ji , Liu Siqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring a geomagnetic storm, the energy deposition from magnetosphere to thermosphere through Joule heating leads to variations in the total mass density of thermosphere. In this study, measurements obtained from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites between 2002 and 2008 are used to study the response of thermospheric density during geomagnetic storms of different magnitudes inferred from the Dst index. Based on the height‐integrated Joule heating with data derived from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program spacecraft, we statistically analyze 265 geomagnetic storm cases to study the characteristics of Joule heating distribution and its influence on thermospheric density. The results show that between thermospheric density and Joule heating during weak and moderate geomagnetic storms, the time lag is only about 0–2 hr, while the same for intense storms is 3–5 hr. This indicates that the time lag is positively correlated with the intensity of geomagnetic storms. Besides, it is found that the peak duration of Joule heating increases for more intense geomagnetic storms.
Lactate concentration in breast cancer using advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Cheung Sai Man , Husain Ehab , Masannat Yazan , Miller Iain D. , Wahle Klaus , Heys Steven D. , He Jiabao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Precision medicine in breast cancer demands markers sensitive to early treatment response. Aerobic glycolysis (AG) upregulates lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) with elevated lactate production; however, existing approaches for lactate quantification are either invasive or impractical clinically.

Methods
Thirty female patients (age 39–78 years, 15 grade II and 15 grade III) with invasive ductal carcinoma were enrolled. Lactate concentration was quantified from freshly excised whole tumours with double quantum filtered (DQF) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), LDH-A and proliferative marker Ki-67 were assessed histologically.

Results
There was a significantly higher lactate concentration (t = 2.2224, p = 0.0349) in grade III (7.7 ± 2.9 mM) than in grade II (5.5 ± 2.4 mM). Lactate concentration was correlated with NPI (ρ = 0.3618, p = 0.0495), but not with Ki-67 (ρ = 0.3041, p = 0.1023) or tumour size (r = 0.1716, p = 0.3645). Lactate concentration was negatively correlated with LDH-A (ρ = −0.3734, p = 0.0421).

Conclusion
Our results showed that lactate concentration in whole breast tumour from DQF MRS is sensitive to tumour grades and patient prognosis.
The proteasome activator REGγ accelerates cardiac hypertrophy by declining PP2Acα–SOD2 pathway
Authors: Xie Yifan , Gao Yang , Gao Rifeng , Yang Wenlong , Dong Zheng , Moses Robb E. , Sun Aijun , Li Xiaotao , Ge Junbo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPathological cardiac hypertrophy eventually leads to heart failure without adequate treatment. REGγ is emerging as 11S proteasome activator of 20S proteasome to promote the degradation of cellular proteins in a ubiquitin- and ATP-independent manner. Here, we found that REGγ was significantly upregulated in the transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced hypertrophic hearts and angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated cardiomyocytes. REGγ deficiency ameliorated pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy were associated with inhibition of cardiac reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and suppression of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit α (PP2Acα) decay. Mechanistically, REGγ interacted with and targeted PP2Acα for degradation directly, thereby leading to increase of phosphorylation levels and nuclear export of Forkhead box protein O (FoxO) 3a and subsequent of SOD2 decline, ROS accumulation, and cardiac hypertrophy. Introducing exogenous PP2Acα or SOD2 to human cardiomyocytes significantly rescued the REGγ-mediated ROS accumulation of Ang II stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, treatment with superoxide dismutase mimetic, MnTBAP prevented cardiac ROS production and hypertrophy features that REGγ caused in vivo, thereby establishing a REGγ–PP2Acα–FoxO3a–SOD2 pathway in cardiac oxidative stress and hypertrophy, indicates modulating the REGγ-proteasome activity may be a potential therapeutic approach in cardiac hypertrophy-associated disorders.
Multiscale modelling of motility wave propagation in cell migration
Authors: Khataee Hamid , Czirok Andras , Neufeld Zoltan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe collective motion of cell monolayers within a tissue is a fundamental biological process that occurs during tissue formation, wound healing, cancerous invasion, and viral infection. Experiments have shown that at the onset of migration, the motility is self-generated as a polarisation wave starting from the leading edge of the monolayer and progressively propagates into the bulk. However, it is unclear how the propagation of this motility wave is influenced by cellular properties. Here, we investigate this question using a computational model based on the Potts model coupled to the dynamics of intracellular polarisation. The model captures the propagation of the polarisation wave and suggests that the cells cortex can regulate the migration modes: strongly contractile cells may depolarise the monolayer, whereas less contractile cells can form swirling movement. Cortical contractility is further found to limit the cells motility, which (i) decelerates the wave speed and the leading edge progression, and (ii) destabilises the leading edge. Together, our model describes how different mechanical properties of cells can contribute to the regulation of collective cell migration.