bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining the optimal target for anterior thalamic deep brain stimulation in patients with drug-refractory epilepsy
Authors: Guo Wendy , Koo Bang-Bon , Kim Jae-Hun , Bhadelia Rafeeque A. , Seo Dae-Won , Hong Seung Bong , Joo Eun Yeon , Lee Seunghoon , Lee Jung-Il , Cho Kyung Rae , Shon Young-Min 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE
The anterior thalamic nucleus (ATN) is a common target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of drug-refractory epilepsy. However, no atlas-based optimal DBS (active contacts) target within the ATN has been definitively identified. The object of this retrospective study was to analyze the relationship between the active contact location and seizure reduction to establish an atlas-based optimal target for ATN DBS.

METHODS
From among 25 patients who had undergone ATN DBS surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy between 2016 and 2018, those who had follow-up evaluations for more than 1 year were eligible for study inclusion. After an initial stimulation period of 6 months, patients were classified as responsive (≥ 50% median decrease in seizure frequency) or nonresponsive (< 50% median decrease in seizure frequency) to treatment. Stimulation parameters and/or active contact positions were adjusted in nonresponsive patients, and their responsiveness was monitored for at least 1 year. Postoperative CT scans were coregistered nonlinearly with preoperative MR images to determine the center coordinate and atlas-based anatomical localizations of all active contacts in the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) 152 space.

RESULTS
Nineteen patients with drug-resistant epilepsy were followed up for at least a year following bilateral DBS electrode implantation targeting the ATN. Active contacts located more adjacent to the center of gravity of the anterior half of the ATN volume, defined as the anterior center (AC), were associated with greater seizure reduction than those not in this location. Intriguingly, the initially nonresponsive patients could end up with much improved seizure reduction by adjusting the active contacts closer to the AC at the final postoperative follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with stimulation targeting the AC may have a favorable seizure reduction. Moreover, the authors were able to obtain additional good outcomes after electrode repositioning in the initially nonresponsive patients. Purposeful and strategic trajectory planning to target this optimal region may predict favorable outcomes of ATN DBS.
Clinical dose profile of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery for extensive brain metastases
Authors: Bowden Gregory Neil , Kim Jong Oh , Faramand Andrew , Fallon Kevin , Flickinger John , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE
The use of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSRS) for the treatment of extensive intracranial metastases has been expanding due to its superior dosimetry and efficacy. However, there remains a dearth of data regarding the dose parameters in actual clinical scenarios. The authors endeavored to calculate the radiation dose to the brain when treating ≥ 15 brain metastases with GKSRS.

METHODS
This retrospective analysis reviewed dosage characteristics for patients requiring single-session GKSRS for the treatment of ≥ 15 brain metastases. Forty-two patients met the inclusion criteria between 2008 and 2017. The median number of tumors at the initial GKSRS procedure was 20 (range 15–39 tumors), accounting for 865 tumors in this study. The median aggregate tumor volume was 3.1 cm3 (range 0.13–13.26 cm3), and the median marginal dose was 16 Gy (range 14–19 Gy).

RESULTS
The median of the mean brain dose was 2.58 Gy (range 0.95–3.67 Gy), and 79% of patients had a dose < 3 Gy. The 12-Gy dose volume was a median of 12.45 cm3, which was equivalent to 0.9% of the brain volume. The median percentages of brain receiving 5 Gy and 3 Gy were 6.7% and 20.4%, respectively. There was no correlation between the number of metastases and the mean dose to the brain (p = 0.8). A greater tumor volume was significantly associated with an increased mean brain dose (p < 0.001). The median of the mean dose to the bilateral hippocampi was 2.3 Gy. Sixteen patients had supplementary GKSRS, resulting in an additional mean dose of 1.4 Gy (range 0.2–3.8 Gy) to the brain.

CONCLUSIONS
GKSRS is a viable means of managing extensive brain metastases. This procedure provides a relatively low dose of radiation to the brain, especially when compared with traditional whole-brain radiation protocols.
Comparison of perioperative complications following posterior column osteotomy versus posterior-based 3-column osteotomy for correction of rigid cervicothoracic deformity: a single-surgeon series of 95 consecutive cases
Authors: Lau Darryl , Deviren Vedat , Joshi Rushikesh S. , Ames Christopher P. 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVEThe correction of severe cervicothoracic sagittal deformities can be very challenging and can be associated with significant morbidity. Often, soft-tissue releases and osteotomies are warranted to achieve the desired correction. There is a paucity of studies that examine the difference in morbidity and complication profiles for Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO) versus 3-column osteotomy (3CO) for cervical deformity correction.METHODSA retrospective comparison of complication profiles between posterior-based SPO (Ames grade 2 SPO) and 3CO (Ames grade 5 opening wedge osteotomy and Ames grade 6 closing wedge osteotomy) was performed by examining a single-surgeon experience from 2011 to 2018. Patients of interest were individuals who had a cervical sagittal vertical axis (cSVA) > 4 cm and/or cervical kyphosis > 20° and who underwent corrective surgery for cervical deformity. Multivariate analysis was utilized.RESULTSA total of 95 patients were included: 49 who underwent 3CO and 46 who underwent SPO. Twelve of the SPO patients underwent an anterior release procedure. The patients’ mean age was 63.2 years, and 60.0% of the patients were female. All preoperative radiographic parameters showed significant correction postoperatively: cSVA (6.2 cm vs 4.5 cm [preoperative vs postoperative values], p < 0.001), cervical lordosis (6.8° [kyphosis] vs −7.5°, p < 0.001), and T1 slope (40.9° and 35.2°, p = 0.026). The overall complication rate was 37.9%, and postoperative neurological deficits were seen in 16.8% of patients. The surgical and medical complication rates were 17.9% and 23.2%, respectively. Overall, complication rates were higher in patients who underwent 3CO compared to those who underwent SPO, but this was not statistically significant (total complication rate 42.9% vs 32.6%, p = 0.304; surgical complication rate 18.4% vs 10.9%, p = 0.303; and new neurological deficit rate 20.4% vs 13.0%, p = 0.338). Medical complication rates were similar between the two groups (22.4% [3CO] vs 23.9% [SPO], p = 0.866). Independent risk factors for surgical complications included male sex (OR 10.88, p = 0.014), cSVA > 8 cm (OR 10.36, p = 0.037), and kyphosis > 20° (OR 9.48, p = 0.005). Combined anterior-posterior surgery was independently associated with higher odds of medical complications (OR 10.30, p = 0.011), and preoperative kyphosis > 20° was an independent risk factor for neurological deficits (OR 2.08, p = 0.011).CONCLUSIONSThere was no significant difference in complication rates between 3CO and SPO for cervicothoracic deformity correction, but absolute surgical and neurological complication rates for 3CO were higher. A preoperative cSVA > 8 cm was a risk factor for surgical complications, and kyphosis > 20° was a risk factor for both surgical and neurological complications. Additional studies are warranted on this topic.
Risk factors for progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in asymptomatic subjects
Authors: Doi Toru , Sakamoto Ryuji , Horii Chiaki , Okamoto Naoki , Nakajima Koji , Hirai Shima , Oguchi Fumihiko , Kato So , Taniguchi Yuki , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Hayashi Naoto , Tanaka Sakae , Oshima Yasushi 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVEThe incidence and risk factors for the progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) have been previously reported in surgically and nonsurgically treated symptomatic patients. However, the correlates of OPLL progression in asymptomatic subjects with OPLL are not well characterized. This study aimed to clarify the incidence and risk factors for OPLL progression in asymptomatic subjects based on whole-body CT.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed 2585 healthy subjects who underwent whole-body CT at a single health center from September 2007 to December 2011. This study included asymptomatic subjects with OPLL who underwent CT scans twice with an interval of at least 5 years. Progression of OPLL was assessed based on initial and final CT scan. Subjects were divided into two groups: nonprogression (OPLL-NP) and progression (OPLL-P) groups. Clinical characteristics, bone mineral density status, OPLL types, and OPLL involvement of multiple vertebral levels between the two groups were compared. Risk factors for progression of OPLL were identified by logistic regression analysis after propensity score adjustment.RESULTSOf the 109 subjects with OPLL (91 men and 18 women), 20 (18.3%) exhibited OPLL progression (OPLL-P group). Subjects in the OPLL-P group were significantly younger (p = 0.031), had higher prevalence of multilevel OPLL involvement (p = 0.041) and continuous type of OPLL (p = 0.015), and had higher uric acid (UA) levels (p = 0.004) at the time of initial CT examination compared to the OPLL-NP group. Younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–0.99), OPLL involvement of multiple vertebral levels (aOR 2.88, 95% CI 1.06–7.83), continuous type of OPLL (aOR 4.21, 95% CI 1.35–13.10), and higher UA levels (aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.24–3.53) were significant risk factors for OPLL progression.CONCLUSIONSYounger age, OPLL involvement of multiple vertebral levels, continuous type of OPLL, and higher UA levels are significant risk factors for OPLL progression in asymptomatic subjects.
DAYA HAMBAT LARUTAN BAKING SODA KONSENTRASI 70% TERHADAP BAKTERI STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS (IN VITRO)
Authors: Hidayati Sri , Jaja Jaja , Chairanna Ida 
Published: May 2020

Baking soda memiliki sifat alkali yang dapat menetralkan pH rongga mulut sehingga dapat menghambat proses metabolisme bakteri yang menghasilkan asam. Selain itu memiliki kemampuan mempengaruhi tekanan osmotik. Sifat hipertonik dari baking soda menyebabkan hipotonik sel bakteri kehilangan air, sehingga sel akan dehidrasi dan akhirnya dapat membunuh sel bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat larutan baking soda konsentrasi 70% terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans (In vitro, merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni kelompok perlakuan dan control group design. Pembuatan larutan baking soda 70% dan bakteri Streptococcus mutans diperoleh di Research Center Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Airlangga. Paper disk yang berisi baking soda 70% dimasukkan oven sampai kering, control(+) Chlorhexedine 0,2% dan control(-) Aquades diinkubasi 37˚C selama 24 jam, zona yang terbentuk disekeliling paper disk diukur diameternya dalam mm. Data dikumpulkan dilakukan uji normalitas dan di cari rata-rata serta SD, dianalisa menggunakan uji T independen. Hasil penelitian terlihat rata-rata diameter zona bening menunjukkan daya hambatnya masih belum melebihi kelompok kontrol positif dimana rata-rata kelompok perlakuan 14,21mm sedang kelompok kontrol angka rata-rata 19,42mm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan ada perbedaan daya hambat yang terbentuk pada lempeng agar perbenihan streptococcus mutans. Diharapkan bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan antibakteri untuk mencegah karies gigi dengan pemakaian baking soda yang murah,mudah didapatkan oleh masyarakat, baik berupa kumur-kumur dan diolesan ke permukaan gigi, maupun sebagai bahan tambahan dalam pasta gigi.
Kata kunci : Bakingsoda 70%, streptococcus mutans
Preoperative Risk Factors Predicting Postoperative Complications in Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Niu Sida , Graw Stefan , Jensen Derek , Glazyrine Vassili , Wyre Hadley , Holzbeierlein Jeffrey M. , Koestler Devin C. , Lee Eugene K. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: While radical cystectomy (RC) is the gold-standard treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, it is associated with a significant rate of complications. We aim to develop a prediction model to assess the risk of complications in the postoperative period using routinely collected data in the course of preoperative evaluation in patients undergoing RC for bladder cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 508 patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer from January 2008 to October 2016. Potential preoperative risk predictors were collected. Postoperative complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo scale. Prediction models were developed using variables with the highest predictive value for postoperative complications. The accuracy of themodels was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and cross-validation. RESULTS: Variables achieved the highest prediction accuracy for major postoperative complications in the 31 to 90-day postoperative period. In this period, 14 variables were predictive of major postoperative complications. The three most predictive individual variables were BMI, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and creatinine with AUROC/odds ratios of 0.643/1.09, 0.609/2.43, and 0.597/1.22, respectively. This postoperative period also had the best performing prediction model for major complications, which utilized four variables to achieve an AUROC of 0.727. CONCLUSION: Routinely collected preoperative variables may be useful for determining patient risk for short-term postoperative complications after RC. Prediction models can help identify patients who may benefit from patient education, counseling and development of risk reduction strategies. Interactions between individual variables should be evaluated to further improve accuracy of the prediction models.
Profiles of Cognitive Change in Preclinical and Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease Using Change-Point Analysis
Authors: Williams Owen A. , An Yang , Armstrong Nicole M. , Kitner-Triolo Melissa , Ferrucci Luigi , Resnick Susan M. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is now understood to have a long preclinical phase in which pathology starts to accumulate in the absence of clinical symptoms. Identifying the temporal stages of accelerated cognitive decline in this phase may help in developing more sensitive neuropsychological tools for early screening of preclinical cognitive decline. Change-point analyses are increasingly used to characterize the temporal stages of accelerated cognitive decline in the preclinical stages of AD. However, statistical comparisons of change-points between specific cognitive measures have not been reported. Objective: To characterize and compare the temporal stages of accelerated decline in performance on multiple cognitive tests in a sample of participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (BLSA) who later developed AD. Methods: 165 older adults (baseline age range: 61.1–91.2) from the BLSA developed AD during follow-up. Linear and non-linear mixed models were fit for 11 cognitive measures to determine change-points in rates of decline before AD diagnosis. Bootstrapping was used to compare the timing of change-points across cognitive measures. Results: Change-points followed by accelerated decline ranged from 15.5 years (Standard Error (S.E.) = 1.72) for Card Rotations to 1.9 years (S.E. = 0.68) for the Trail-Making Test Part A before AD diagnosis. Accelerated decline in Card Rotations occurred significantly earlier than all other measures, including learning and memory measures. Conclusion: Results suggest that visuospatial ability, as assessed by Card Rotations, may have the greatest utility as an early predictive tool in identifying preclinical AD.
N-Acetyl Cysteine and Catechin-Derived Polyphenols: A Path Toward Multi-Target Compounds Against Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Andrade Víctor , Cortés Nicole , Pastor Gabriela , Gonzalez Andrea , Ramos-Escobar Nicolás , Pastene Edgar , Rojo Leonel E. , Maccioni Ricardo B. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease, that involves neuroinflammatory processes in which microglial cells respond to “damage signals”. The latter includes oligomeric tau, iron, oxidative free radicals, and other molecules that promotes neuroinflammation in the brain, promoting neuronal death and cognitive impairment. Since AD is the first cause of dementia in the elderly, and its pharmacotherapy has limited efficacy, novel treatments are critical to improve the quality of life of AD patients. Multitarget therapy based on nutraceuticals has been proposed as a promising intervention based on evidence from clinical trials. Several studies have shown that epicatechin-derived polyphenols from tea improve cognitive performance; also, the polyphenol molecule N-acetylcysteine (NAC) promotes neuroprotection. Objective: To develop an approach for a rational design of leading compounds against AD, based on specific semisynthetic epicatechin and catechin derivatives. Methods: We evaluated tau aggregation in vitro and neuritogenesis by confocal microscopy in mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a), after exposing cells to either epicatechin-pyrogallol (EPIC-PYR), catechin-pyrogallol (CAT-PYR), catechin-phloroglucinol (CAT-PhG), and NAC. Results: We found that EPIC-PYR, CAT-PYR, and CAT-PhG inhibit human tau aggregation and significantly increase neuritogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, modification with a phloroglucinol group yielded the most potent molecule of those evaluated, suggesting that the phloroglucinol group may enhance neuroprotective activity of the catechin-derived compounds. Also, as observed with cathechins, NAC promotes neuritogenesis and inhibits tau self-aggregation, possibly through a different pathway. Conclusion: EPIC-PYR, CAT-PYR, CAT-PhG, and NAC increased the number of neurites in Na2 cell line and inhibits tau-self aggregation in vitro.
Gamma Entrainment in a Large Retrospective Cohort: Implications for Photic Stimulation Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zibrandtsen Ivan C. , Agger Mikkel , Kjaer Troels W. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Studies on mice models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have suggested potential therapeutic benefits of intermittent photic stimulation at 40 Hz. Objective: We examined the physiological response of 40 Hz intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) on routine EEG in a large retrospective cohort to investigate the effects of age on induced gamma oscillations by intermittent photic stimulation. Since most AD patients are elderly, it is important for future research to know if age affects photic stimulation. Methods: Retrospective data from 1,464 subjects aged 0– 91. We performed frequency analysis and automatic peak detection and used regression analysis to investigate the effects of age and sex on peak frequencies and amplitude changes. To investigate the spread of the induced gamma oscillations, we assessed averaged topographies of 40 Hz band power. Results: There was a statistically significant but very minor effect of age on amplitude change (– 0.002 normalized power per year, p < 0.0001) but not for sex ( p = 0.728). Detection probability of induced peaks was significantly predicted by both age (OR = 0.988, CI 95 % [0.984, 0.993], p < 0.00001) and sex (OR = 0.625, CI 95 % [0.496, 0.787>], p < 0.0001). The induced 40 Hz gamma entrainment is spatially confined to the occipital area. Conclusion: There is a significant effect of age on induced gamma activity, but advanced age does not fundamentally change the behavior of the response in either magnitude or spatial distribution. This fact is important regarding future research into the possible therapeutic effects of photic stimulation in patients with AD.
Pre-Diabetes, but not Type 2 Diabetes, Is Related to Brain Amyloid in Late Middle-Age
Authors: Luchsinger José A. , Palta Priya , Rippon Brady , Sherwood Greysi , Soto Luisa , Ceballos Fernando , Laing Krystal , Igwe Kay , He Hengda , Razlighi Qolamreza , Teresi Jeanne , Moreno Herman , Brickman Adam M. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a dementia risk factor, but its relation to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is unclear. Objective: Our primary objective was to examine the association of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes with brain amyloid-β (Aβ), the putative main culprit of AD. Our secondary objective was to examine the association of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes with neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and memory performance. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 350 late middle-aged Hispanics without dementia in New York City. We classified diabetes status as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes following American Diabetes Association criteria. Brain Aβ was ascertained as global Aβ standardized value uptake ratio using PET with 18F-Florbetaben. Neurodegeneration was operationalized as cortical thickness in regions affected by AD using MRI. CVD was operationalized as white matter hyperintensity volume (WMH) on MRI, and memory as performance with the selective reminding test (SRT). Results: Mean age was 64.15±3.34 years, 72.00% were women, and 35.43% were APOE ɛ4 carriers. Pre-diabetes, but not type 2 diabetes, was associated with higher Aβ compared with NGT. Type 2 diabetes treatment was related to lower Aβ. Type 2 diabetes was related to lower cortical thickness, higher WMH, and lower SRT score. Conclusion: Pre-diabetes, but not type 2 diabetes, is associated with higher brain Aβ in late middle age, and this observation could be explained by the relation of diabetes treatment with lower brain Aβ. Whether type 2 diabetes treatment lowers brain Aβ requires further study.
"Limites à la compétitivité. Pour un niveau contrat mondial" (Recensión)
Authors: Camacho Laraña Ildefonso 
Published: May 2020

Recensión de la obra de: GROUPE DE LISBONNE (1995), Limites à la compétitivité. Pour un niveau contrat mondial. Sous la direction de RICCARDO PETRELLA, Ed. Labor, Bruxelles, 230 págs.
"El déficit social neoliberal. Del Estado del bienestar a la sociedad de la exclusión" (Recensión)
Authors: Camacho Laraña Ildefonso 
Published: May 2020

Recensión de la obra de: CAMARERO SANTAMARÍA, J. (1998), El déficit social neoliberal. Del Estado del bienestar a la sociedad de la exclusión, Sal Terrae, Santander, 294 págs.
"Dialéctica empleo–desempleo y Derecho social" (Recensión)
Authors: Romero Rodríguez José Juan 
Published: May 2020

Recensión de la obra de: MARZAL, A. (Ed.) (1999), Dialéctica empleo–desempleo y Derecho social, Bosch y ESADE–Facultad de Derecho, Barcelona, 333 págs.