bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nueva propuesta para la evaluación de la condición física en árbitros de fútbol
Authors: Albaladejo Garcia C. , Cejuela Anta R. 
Published: July 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo era aplicar dos baterías de evaluación de la condición física en árbitros de fútbol no profesionales, en un intento de determinar cuál puede ser más específica para este colectivo. Los árbitros (n=10) fueron evaluados en tres momentos de la temporada (T1, T2, T3), realizando la batería actualmente utilizada por la Federación de Fútbol de la Comunidad Valenciana (FFCV) (RSA: 6x40m/90”; Resistencia: carrera de 2000m) y otra de nueva propuesta (RSA: 7x30m/25”; Resistencia: Test Interválico para la Valoración de la Resistencia Específica en Fútbol, TIVRE-F). La Velocidad Aeróbica Máxima (VAM) de los árbitros aumentó significativamente en el TIVRE-F entre T1 y T3. El test 7x30/25” registró mayores índices de fatiga que 6x40/90” en T2 y T3. Con este trabajo se han obtenido nuevos datos sobre las pruebas que la FFCV utiliza en sus árbitros, concluyendo que la propuesta podría ajustarse en mayor medida a las necesidades de evaluación.
The aim of this study was the application of two batteries of tests in non-professional soccer referees, trying to determine which of them could be more specific for referees. The participants (n=10) were evaluated in three moments of the season (T1, T2, T3), performing the current battery used by the Football Federation of the Valencian Community (FFCV) (RSA: 6x40m/90"; Endurance: 2000m run) and another new proposal battery (RSA: 7x30m/25"; Endurance: Interval Test for Specific Endurance in Football, TIVRE-F). The results showed that the MAV of the referees significantly increased in the TIVRE-F between T1 and T3. The 7x30/25” test reported higher sprint decrement than 6x40/90” in T2 and T3. From this study we have obtained new data about the current FFCV tests, and we can conclude that the new battery of tests could adjust in a better way to the evaluation necessities.
Enhanced survival and differentiation in vitro of different neuronal populations by some interleukins
Authors: Moroni Stefano Casanova , Rossi Adelaide 
Published: July 2002

AbstractData from the literature demonstrate the existence of a growing family of neuropoietic cytokines; members of this group have structural motifs in common with other members and with neurotrophic factors. In this research we studied the responses elicited in vitro by some of these molecules in two different neuronal populations: murine neuroblastoma N18TG2 and neurons from chicken dorsal root ganglia. Both IL‐2 and IL‐6 improve the survival of murine neuroblastoma cells in clonal density plating experiments; in addition IL‐2 significantly inhibits thymidine incorporation by single cell suspension. The survival of sensory neurons, on the other hand, non‐responsive to IL‐2 and IL‐6, was significantly supported by IL‐3, which also stimulates their morphological differentiation, inducing the formation of a well‐developed neural net. In conclusion, results reported here confirm the neurotrophic activity of some ILs and provide additional neuronal models for future investigations.
Glial somatostatin‐14 expression in the rat pituitary intermediate lobe: a possible neurotrophic function during development?
Authors: Chronwall Bibie M. , Sands Scott A. , Cummings Kenneth C. , Schwartz Joan P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSomatostatin‐14 was first detected on gestational day 17 in radially‐oriented, bipolar cells spanning the width of the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary. Cells were prominent, and constituted approximately 50% of the lobe area. The presence of vimentin, the cellular shape, and the localization identified these cells as glia. At postnatal day 6, somatostatin‐14 and vimentin staining appeared in stellate‐shaped cells. This is in agreement with the change from bipolar to stellate shape these glia undergo after the onset of innervation ([13] Gary et al. Int. J. Devl. Neurosci. 13, 555–565, 1995). Glia were more abundant, relative to melanotropes, throughout embryonic and early postnatal development compared to adulthood. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction data showed a high level of prosomatostatin mRNA in the intermediate lobe, compared to the anterior and neural lobes from postnatal day 2 animals, and a significant drop in intermediate lobe content in the adult. The correlation between the number of glia and high expression of somatostatin in neonatal relative to adult tissue, together with the close apposition of incoming axons to the abundant, radially oriented glia during innervation of the lobe, support a neurotrophic function of glia‐derived somatostatin.
L1 and laminin : their expression during rathypophysis ontogenesis and in adult neurohemal areas
Authors: Berardi M. , Hindelang C. , Félix J.M. , Stoeckel M.E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractL1 is a murine multidomain glycoprotein implicated in cell aggregation, fasciculation,neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. Laminin, a trimeric polypeptide, is implicated in neuronalsurvival, growth cone guidance, neurite outgrowth and cell differentiation. Laminin can alsointeract with the cell adhesion molecule L1. Their expressions were investigated from embryonicday 15 (E15) to adult in the rat hypophysis, and in adult neurohemal zones.Detected in the neural lobe from E17, the L1 immunoreactivity increased during prenataldevelopment and persisted in adulthood mainly related to the neuropeptidergic fibers. Pituicyteswere only labelled on the plasmalemma apposed to axons. In the intermediate lobe, L1 appearedat birth on folliculo‐stellate cells extensions, constituting a network which densified duringpostnatal development. L1 is also expressed in all neurohemal areas on neuronal profiles.Laminin was clearly detectable in the hypophysis at E15 before the first blood vesselspenetrate the Rathke pouch. At E20, all the basal membranes of the blood vessels were stained. Inthe intermediate lobe, a spotted laminin immunoreactivity was detected at E21. At this stage, weobserved the staining of intercellular spaces and the intracellular labelling of melanotrophs,concerning reticulum or vesicles. The staining of melanotrophs seemed to maintain duringadulthood. In contrast with blood vessels of the adult cerebral tissue, adult capillaries of the neurallobe and the others neuro‐hemal zones were intensely labelled with the anti‐laminin antibody.These results suggest that neurite outgrowth and neurite guidance could be promoted byL1 and laminin in the neurointermediate lobe. The intercellular tunnels could also be an importantguidance cue for migrating cells in the intermediate lobe. These data also demonstrate thatmelanotrophic cells, secreting the laminin, have a role in the ontogenesis of the gland. Finally, wesuggest that L1 and laminin can collaborate to reinforce neurons‐capillaries interactions inneurohemal zones.
Glioma cell migration is associated with glioma‐induced angiogenesis in vivo
Authors: Vajkoczy P. , Goldbrunner R. , Farhadi M. , Vince G. , Schilling L. , Tonn J.C. , Schmiedek P. , Menger M.D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTo simultaneously assess glioma cell invasion and glioma angiogenesis in vivo by non‐invasive and quantitative means, DiI‐labeled C6 glioma spheroids were implanted into the dorsal skinfold chamber preparation of nude mice (n=6). Heat‐inactivated spheroids served as controls to distinguish between active and passive cell spread. Using multi‐flourescent intravital videomicroscopy, glioma cell migration was analyzed on days 1–4, 6, and 10 and spheroid vascularization was analyzed on days 3, 6, and 10 after implantation. Additionaly, C6 glioma spheroids were implanted into the chronic cranial window of nude mice as an orthotopic implantation site (n=4). In the dorsal skinfold chamber, spheroids were vascularized within 10 days and revealed a tumor‐specific microvasculature. In parallel, individual glioma cells detached from the spheroid edge and migrated centrifugally demonstrating an affinity to tumor and host vessels. Glioma cells demonstrated a heterogeneous pattern of their regional migratory actvity (0.2–9.6 μm/h) which correlated well with regional glioma angiogenesis (r=0.733). Using the cranial window, glioma cells spread similarily demonstrating an affinity to the perivascular space of pial/subpial vessels with preference to the arteriolar segments. Intravital fluorescence microscopy represents a versatile technique to assess the complex relationship between glioma‐driven angiogenesis and glioma cell invasion.
CSF chitinases before and after symptom onset in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Gray Elizabeth , Thompson Alexander G. , Wuu Joanne , Pelt Joe , Talbot Kevin , Benatar Michael , Turner Martin R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the CSF levels of chitinase proteins during the presymptomatic and early symptomatic phases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsCSF samples were obtained from 16 controls, 55 individuals at‐risk for ALS (including 18 carrying a mutation in C9ORF72, 33 in SOD1), 12 ALS patients, and 7 phenoconverters (individuals diagnosed with ALS during follow‐up). At‐risk individuals and phenoconverters were enrolled through the Pre‐fALS study, which includes individuals carrying an ALS‐associated gene mutation without disease manifestations at initial assessment. Longitudinal CSF collections, where possible, took place every 3‐12 months for ALS patients and every 1‐2 years for others. CSF levels of chitotriosidase 1 (CHIT1), chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L1, YKL‐40) and chitinase‐3‐like protein 2 (CHI3L2, YKL‐39) were measured by ELISA, along with CHIT1 activity. Longitudinal changes in at‐risk individuals and phenoconverters were fitted to linear mixed effects models.ResultsSlowly rising levels of CHIT1 were observed over time in the at‐risk individuals (slope 0.059 log10[CHIT1] per year, P < 0.001). Among phenoconverters, CHIT1 levels and activity rose more sharply (0.403 log10[CHIT1] per year, P = 0.005; 0.260 log10[CHIT1 activity] per year, P = 0.007). Individual levels of both CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 remained relatively stable over time in all participant groups.InterpretationThe CHIT1 neuroinflammatory response is a feature of the late presymptomatic to early symptomatic phases of ALS. This study does not suggest a long prodrome of upregulated glial activity in ALS pathogenesis, but strengthens the place of CHIT1 as part of a panel of biomarkers to objectively assess the impact of immune‐modulatory therapeutic interventions in ALS.
Rationally Designed Vanadium Pentoxide as High Capacity Insertion Material for Mg‐Ion
Authors: Mukherjee Ayan , Taragin Sarah , Aviv Hagit , Perelshtein Ilana , Noked Malachi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOwing to high energy density and economic viability, rechargeable Mg batteries are considered alternatives to lithium ion batteries. However besides the chevrel phase, none of the conventional inorganic cathode materials demonstrate reversible intercalation/deintercalation of Mg+2 ions in an anhydrous electrolyte system. The lack of high voltage and high capacity cathode frustrates the realization of Mg batteries. Previous studies indicate that vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) has the potential to reversibly insert/extract Mg ions. However, many attempts to utilize V2O5 demonstrate limited electrochemical response, due to hindered Mg ion mobility in solid. Here, monodispersed spherical V2O5 with a hierarchical architecture is rationally designed, through a facile and scalable approach. The V2O5 spheres exhibit initial discharge capacity of 225 mA h g−1 which stabilizes at ≈190 mA h g−1 at 10 mA g−1, much higher than previous reports. The V2O5 spheres exhibit specific discharge capacity of 55 mA h g−1 at moderate current rate (50 mA g−1) with negligible fading after 50 cycles (≈5%) and 100 cycle (≈13%), while it retains ≈95% columbic efficiency after 100 cycles demonstrating excellent stability during Mg+2 ion intercalation/deintercalation. Most interestingly, exact phase and morphology are completely retained even after repeated Mg+2 ion intercalation/deintercalation at different current rates, demonstrating pronounced electrochemical activity in an anhydrous magnesium electrolyte.
Borophene: New Sensation in Flatland
Authors: Ranjan Pranay , Lee Jang Mee , Kumar Prashant , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBorophene, a 2D allotrope of boron and the lightest elemental Dirac material, is the latest very promising 2D material owing to its unique structural and electronic characteristics of the X3 and β12 phases. The high atomic density on ridgelines of the β12 phase of borophene provides a substantial orbital overlap, which leads to an excellent electron density in the conduction level and thus to a highly metallic behavior. These unique structural characteristics and electronic properties of borophene attract significant scientific interest. Herein, approaches for crystal growth/synthesis of these unique nanostructures and their potential technological applications are discussed. Various substrate‐supported ultrahigh‐vacuum growth techniques for borophene, such as molecular beam epitaxy, atomic layer deposition, and chemical vapor deposition, along with their challenges, are also summarized. The sonochemical exfoliation and modified Hummer's technique for the synthesis of free‐standing borophene are also discussed. Solution‐phase exfoliation seems to address the scalability issues and expands the applications of these unique materials to various fields, including renewable energy devices and ultrafast sensors. Furthermore, the electronic, optical, thermal, and elastic properties of borophene are thoroughly discussed and are compared with those of graphene and its “cousins.” Numerous frontline applications are envisaged and an outlook is presented.
Ultrathin Low‐Crystallinity MOF Membranes Fabricated by Interface Layer Polarization Induction
Authors: Qiao Zhihua , Liang Yueyao , Zhang Zhengqing , Mei Donghai , Wang Zhi , Guiver Michael D. , Zhong Chongli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPractical, ultrathin metal‐organic framework (MOF) membranes have the potential to achieve otherwise difficult separations, but current fabrication methods still face challenges in the simultaneous improvement of both selectivity and permeance. Here, ultrathin, low‐crystallinity‐state MOF (LC‐MOF) membranes are realized by a facile general method of interface layer polarization induction. This is achieved using an interface layer having metal ions with dense and uniform distribution, resulting in the creation of abundant open metal sites. Three types of LC‐MOF membranes (45–150 nm) are fabricated, among which ZIF‐8 membranes modified in situ with diethanolamine (DZIF‐8) display the best performance for propylene/propane separation, showing unprecedented propylene permeance (2000–3000 Gas Permeance Units) with very high propylene/propane selectivity (90–120).
Dielectric Properties of Ultrathin CaF2 Ionic Crystals
Authors: Wen Chao , Banshchikov Alexander G. , Illarionov Yury Y. , Frammelsberger Werner , Knobloch Theresia , Hui Fei , Sokolov Nikolai S. , Grasser Tibor , Lanza Mario 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMechanically exfoliated 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is currently the preferred dielectric material to interact with graphene and 2D transition metal dichalcogenides in nanoelectronic devices, as they form a clean van der Waals interface. However, h‐BN has a low dielectric constant (≈3.9), which in ultrascaled devices results in high leakage current and premature dielectric breakdown. Furthermore, the synthesis of h‐BN using scalable methods, such as chemical vapor deposition, requires very high temperatures (>900 °C) , and the resulting h‐BN stacks contain abundant few‐atoms‐wide amorphous regions that decrease its homogeneity and dielectric strength. Here it is shown that ultrathin calcium fluoride (CaF2) ionic crystals could be an excellent solution to mitigate these problems. By applying >3000 ramped voltage stresses and several current maps at different locations of the samples via conductive atomic force microscopy, it is statistically demonstrated that ultrathin CaF2 shows much better dielectric performance (i.e., homogeneity, leakage current, and dielectric strength) than SiO2, TiO2, and h‐BN. The main reason behind this behavior is that the cubic crystalline structure of CaF2 is continuous and free of defects over large regions, which prevents the formation of electrically weak spots.
Biopolymer‐Based Coatings: Promising Strategies to Improve the Biocompatibility and Functionality of Materials Used in Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Song Jian , Winkeljann Benjamin , Lieleg Oliver 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt was a physicist, Wolfgang Pauli, who recognized a century ago that “God made the bulk; the surface was invented by the devil.” And indeed, adjusting the surface properties of materials has kept engineers and chemists busy since—and it still does. In the context of biomedical engineering, the key challenge is ensuring the functionality of an artificial object, which is inserted into the human body—an environment that passively and actively rejects foreign materials. Here, recent advances in this area while focusing on those approaches that employ surface coating strategies with biopolymers are summarized.
High‐Performance Static Induction Transistors Based on Small‐Molecule Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Guo Erjuan , Xing Shen , Dollinger Felix , Wu Zhongbin , Tahn Alexander , Löffler Markus , Leo Karl , Kleemann Hans 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe polymeric organic‐static‐induction transistor (OSIT), a solid‐state vacuum triode, has been extensively studied as a promising vertical organic thin‐film transistor. By utilizing polymers as organic semiconductors in OSITs, important performance figures have been achieved, for example, a maximum on‐current output of about 10 mA cm−2, on/off current ratio as high as 105, and a large current gain of 1000. However, even though polymers with higher mobility have been developed, the performance of OSITs has not been significantly improved yet. In this work, record‐high performance OSITs with small‐molecule materials as organic semiconductors are demonstrated. Pentacene as a hole‐transport material for p‐type OSITs can be easily deposited into pinholes of the gate electrode, hence creating effective conducting channels. Excellent characteristics, such as a high on‐current greater than 260 mA cm−2, on/off current ratio up to 3.3 × 105, and a large transmission factor of 99.98% as well as high current gain of 7965, are attained. These results make the small‐molecule organic semiconductor a candidate material for vertical OSITs as well as for organic electronics.
A Ternary Dumbbell Structure with Spatially Separated Catalytic Sites for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Qiu Bocheng , Cai Lejuan , Zhang Ning , Tao Xiaoming , Chai Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSolar‐driven overall water splitting based on metal sulfide semiconductor photocatalysts remains as a challenge owing to the strong charge recombination and deficient catalytic active sites. Additionally, significant inhibition of back reactions, especially the oxidation of sulfide ions during the photocatalytic water oxidation catalysis, is an arduous task that requires an efficient photogenerated hole transfer dynamics. Here, a ternary dumbbell‐shaped catalyst based on RuO2/CdS/MoS2 with spatially separated catalytic sites is developed to achieve simultaneous production of hydrogen and oxygen under simulated solar‐light without any sacrificial agents. Particularly, MoS2 nanosheets anchored on the two ends of CdS nanowires are identified as a reduction cocatalyst to accelerate hydrogen evolution, while RuO2 nanoparticles as an oxidation cocatalyst are deposited onto the sidewalls of CdS nanowires to facilitate oxygen evolution kinetics. The density functional theory simulations and ultrafast spectroscopic results reveal that photogenerated electrons and holes directionally migrate to MoS2 and RuO2 catalytic sites, respectively, thus achieving efficient charge carrier separation. The design of ternary dumbbell structure guarantees metal sulfides against photocorrosion and thus extends their range in solar water splitting.
All‐Paper, All‐Organic, Cuttable, and Foldable Pressure Sensor with Tuneable Conductivity Polypyrrole
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Zhang Ruimin , Tong Yanhong , Zhao Xiaoli , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPaper has been extensively accepted as an ideal platform for fabricating low‐cost, flexible, and environmentally friendly electronics. However, current paper‐based pressure sensors have not fully demonstrated the unique merits of paper, such as cost efficiency, disposability, cuttability, and foldability, mainly because of the limitation of the applied metal electrodes and device configuration. Here, an all‐organic, all‐paper, cuttable, and foldable pressure sensor is demonstrated for the first time, with the high‐conductivity polypyrrole (PPy) printing paper as electrode and the low‐conductivity PPy tissue paper as active layer. Hollow and 3D all‐paper sensors are realized through fabricating the kirigami or origami structure since the device can be freely cut and folded, presenting a universal strategy promising for flexible device design. The cuttability and foldability of device create a unique 3D perception capability. The devices show high sensitivity (4.8 kPa−1 at < 5.5 kPa, 1.7 kPa−1 at 5.5–40 kPa) and wide detection range (up to 40 kPa), providing a capability for full‐range detection of human physiological and motion signals. These results open a feasible route to realize hollow and 3D sensors and fully demonstrate the potential of paper sensors for diverse applications to new‐generation green electronics and portable electronics.
Heavily Crosslinked, High‐k Ultrathin Polymer Dielectrics for Flexible, Low‐Power Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (OTFTs)
Authors: Choi Junhwan , Kang Juyeon , Lee Changhyeon , Jeong Kihoon , Im Sung Gap 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh dielectric constant (k) and excellent insulating performance together with the thickness down‐scalability are essential requirements for polymer dielectrics to realize the stable operation of flexible, low‐power electronics. Crosslinking has been applied frequently to the dielectric polymer matrix to enhance the insulating performance. However, the addition of crosslinker into the polymer has been often accompanied by the reduction of the dielectric constant thereof. Herein, a series of copolymer dielectrics is synthesized composed of two monomers of 2‐cyanoethyl acrylate (CEA) possessing a highly polar cyanide functional group and 1,4‐butanediol divinyl ether (BDDVE), a crosslinker with relatively short chain length. The chemical composition of the 30‐nm‐thick copolymer dielectrics is optimized to achieve extremely low leakage current (<3.0 × 10−8 A cm−2 in the range of ± 2 MV cm−1) with unprecedentedly high dielectric constant of 7.5, which is, to the knowledge, the highest dielectric constant among the sub‐50 nm polymer dielectrics without inorganic component, reported to date. Exploiting the copolymer dielectric layers, high‐performance, low‐power organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) with high operational stability and extreme mechanical flexibility are demonstrated. It is believed that the high‐k dielectric copolymer films presented in this study will be an important guideline to develop future flexible, wearable electronics.
Morphometric Cell Classification for Single‐Cell MALDI‐Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Ščupáková Klára , Dewez Frédéric , Walch Axel K. , Heeren Ron M. A. , Balluff Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe large‐scale and label‐free molecular characterization of single cells in their natural tissue habitat remains a major challenge in molecular biology. We present a method that integrates morphometric image analysis to delineate and classify individual cells with their single‐cell‐specific molecular profiles. This approach provides a new means to study spatial biological processes such as cancer field effects and the relationship between morphometric and molecular features.