bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five weeks of heat training increases haemoglobin mass in elite cyclists
Authors: Rønnestad Bent R. , Hamarsland Håvard , Hansen Joar , Holen Espen , Montero David , Whist Jon Elling , Lundby Carsten 
Published: May 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Do haemoglobin mass and red blood cell volume increase in elite cyclists training in a hot environment compared to a control group training at normal temperature?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Five weeks of heat training increases haemoglobin mass in elite cyclists. There are small to intermediate effect sizes for exercise parameters favouring heat training.

AbstractIn this study we tested the hypothesis that performing 1 h of regular light exercise in a heat chamber (HEAT; 37.8 ± 0.5°C; 65.4 ± 1.8% humidity) 5 times week−1 for a total of 5 weeks increases haemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and exercise performance in elite cyclists ( = 76.2 ± 7.6 ml min−1 kg−1). Twenty‐three male volunteers were assigned to HEAT (n = 11) or CON (n = 12; 15.5 ± 0.1°C; 25.1 ± 0.0% humidity) training groups. Hbmass was determined before and after the intervention period in conjunction with an extensive exercise test protocol (conducted at 16–19°C). HEAT increased (P < 0.05) Hbmass by 42 g from 893 ± 78 to 935 ± 108 g whereas Hbmass remained unchanged (+6 g) in CON. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed a time–group interaction (P < 0.05). The greater increase in Hbmass in HEAT, however, did not manifest in a greater increase in (225 ± 274 ml min−1 in HEAT and 161 ± 202 ml min−1 in CON). While HEAT reduced (P < 0.05) lactate levels during some of the submaximal exercise tests, there was no statistical difference between other performance parameters. There were, however, small to intermediate effect sizes favouring HEAT for lactate threshold power output (2.8 ± 3.9 vs. −0.4 ± 5.1% change, effect size (ES) = 0.34), gross economy in the fatigued state (0.19 ± 0.42 vs. −0.12 ± 0.49%‐point change, ES = 0.52) and 15 min mean power (6.9 ± 8.4 vs. 3.4 ± 5.1% increase, ES = 0.22). This study demonstrates an increase in Hbmass and small to intermediate effect sizes on exercise variables in elite cyclists following a 5‐week heat training intervention.
A method for modelling the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve at the level of the cerebral capillary in humans
Authors: Dahl Rasmus H. , Taudorf Sarah , Bailey Damian M. , Møller Kirsten , Berg Ronan M. G. 
Published: May 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Can the change in haemoglobin's affinity for oxygen in the human cerebral circulation be modelled in vivo?

What is the main finding and its importance?
We provide a novel method for modelling the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve at the cerebral capillary level in humans, so that the cerebral capillary and mitochondrial oxygen tensions can reliably be estimated. This may be useful in future human‐experimental studies on cerebral oxygen transport.

AbstractWe provide a method for modelling the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC) in the cerebral capillary in humans. In contrast to most previous approaches, our method involves the construction of an averaged ODC based on paired arterial–jugular venous blood gas values, which enables the estimation of oxygen parameters in cerebral capillary blood. The method was used to determine the mean cerebral capillary oxygen saturation and tension from data previously collected from 30 healthy volunteers. The averaged ODC provided systematically higher capillary oxygen tensions than when assuming a ‘fixed’ standard arterial ODC. When the averaged and measured arterial ODC were used for constructing the capillary ODC, similar values were obtained during resting breathing, but not when the arterial ODC was modulated by hypocapnia. The findings suggest that our method for modelling the cerebral capillary ODC provides robust and physiologically reliable estimates of the cerebral capillary oxygen tension, which may be of use in future studies of cerebral oxygen transport in humans.
Stream Surface-Supported Fundamental Sheets Insertion Toward High-Quality Hex Meshing
Authors: Wang Rui , Zheng Zhihao , Gao Shuming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConverting a hex mesh into a fundamental mesh by inserting fundamental sheets is an effective means to improve the hex mesh’s quality near the boundary. However, the high-quality and automatic fundamental sheets insertion is still a problem. In this paper, a method is proposed to automatically generate fundamental sheets with the support of stream surfaces. By establishing a constrained integer linear system, the types of fundamental sheets to be inserted are determined effectively and optimally. By constructing discrete stream surfaces associated with the relevant geometric entities, the optimized positions of fundamental sheets are automatically determined. The experimental results show that the proposed method can automatically insert high-quality fundamental sheets and effectively improve the elements’ geometric quality of the hex mesh.
The Professionalization of Women’s Football in England and its Impact on Coaches’ Philosophy of Practice
Authors: Sleeman Emily J. , Ronkainen Noora J. 
Published: May 2020

Women’s elite football is in a transitional phase where coaches and players are increasingly offered professional contracts. The current study examined the stories of coaches currently operating in a women’s football academy in England to understand whether and how the professionalization of women’s football has influenced their coaching philosophy. Narrative interviews with 10 coaches (aged 23–60 years, two women) were carried out and analyzed using thematic narrative analysis. Observational data were also obtained while the authors were immersed within the environment. Two high-order themes were identified: (a) the coaches adapted their philosophy to meet the new needs of professionalization and (b) there were novel moral challenges surrounding the coaches’ approach to a dual career. The findings illustrated that the individuals developed a coaching philosophy that was adapted according to the coaching environment, which was largely informed from their previous experiences in men’s football. Player’s stories highlighted conflicting expectations surrounding dual careers.
Elite Athlete Well-Being: The Role of Socioeconomic Factors and Comparisons With the Resident Population
Authors: Wicker Pamela , Dallmeyer Sören , Breuer Christoph 
Published: May 2020

Given the increasing importance of athlete well-being in the sport policy debate, this study investigated the effects of socioeconomic factors on elite athletes’ well-being in less commercialized sports and provides comparisons with residents of similar age (18–30 years). This study used survey data from athletes who are supported by the German Sports Aid Foundation (n = 709) and from the German Socio-Economic Panel, containing comparable variables for residents (n = 2,455). Subjective well-being was measured with life satisfaction as a whole and satisfaction with important domains in life, including health, income, leisure time, and family life. The athletes scored lower on all well-being measures compared with young residents. The regression analyses revealed significant differences between athletes and young residents with regard to the effects of age, income, education, and sport hours on different well-being dimensions, suggesting that more needs to be done that the athletes’ investments into sport and education yield well-being benefits.
Global threat of arsenic in groundwater
Authors: Podgorski Joel , Berg Michael 
Published: May 2020

Dowsing for danger
Arsenic is a metabolic poison that is present in minute quantities in most rock materials and, under certain natural conditions, can accumulate in aquifers and cause adverse health effects. Podgorski and Berg used measurements of arsenic in groundwater from ∼80 previous studies to train a machine-learning model with globally continuous predictor variables, including climate, soil, and topography (see the Perspective by Zheng). The output global map reveals the potential for hazard from arsenic contamination in groundwater, even in many places where there are sparse or no reported measurements. The highest-risk regions include areas of southern and central Asia and South America. Understanding arsenic hazard is especially essential in areas facing current or future water insecurity.

Science
, this issue p.
845
; see also p.
818
Influence of changing working conditions on exit from paid employment among workers with a chronic disease
Authors: Schram Jolinda L D , Robroek Suzan J W , Ots Patricia , Brouwer Sandra , Burdorf Alex , van Zon Sander K R , Oude Hengel Karen M 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the relation between changes in working conditions and exit from paid employment among workers with a chronic disease.MethodsSix waves from the longitudinal Study on Transitions in Employment, Ability and Motivation (2010–2016), enriched with tax-based employment information from Statistics Netherlands (2011–2017), were available for 4820 chronically ill workers aged 45–63 years (mean 55.3 years, SD 5.1). A change in working conditions (physical workload, psychological job demands, job autonomy, emotional job demands and social support) was defined as an increase or decrease between two consecutive waves of at least one SD. Discrete-time survival models with repeated measurements were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of a change in working conditions on exiting paid employment in the following year compared with no change and consecutive favourable working conditions.ResultsA favourable change in physical workload lowered the risk to exit paid employment (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.94). An adverse change in psychosocial working conditions, especially a decrease in social support (RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.52 to 2.81), increased the likelihood to exit paid employment. In contrast, a favourable change in psychological job demands increased the risk to exit paid employment (RR 1.57, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.24). Multiple adverse changes increased the risk to exit paid employment up to six times (RR 6.06, 95% CI 2.83 to 12.98).ConclusionsChanges in working conditions among workers with chronic diseases influence exit from paid employment. Ensuring that working conditions can be adapted to the needs of workers with a chronic disease may help to extend working life.
Influence of electron–phonon interaction and crystal field on thermal and electrical resistivity in rare earth intermetallics
Authors: Durczewski Krzysztof , Gajek Zbigniew , Mucha Jan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The thermal and electrical resistivity of f-electron cubic intermetallic metals with well localized and stable stable f-shells are calculated as functions of the temperature. The interaction of the conduction electron with both acoustic and optical phonons as well as the exchange s–f interaction with the crystal field presence are taken into account by applying the Matthiessen rule on the microscopic level and simple well-founded models of the scattering with the same mathematical method within the Boltzmann equation approach. Derived analytical formulas are successfully used to model existing measurements of temperature dependence of electric and thermal conductivity for DyIn3 and TmIn3 in the paramagnetic phase. Attention was drawn to the possible indeterminacy of some material constants in the absence of indications from sources other than transport measurements, noticeable in our results for TmIn3.

Graphical abstract
A simple $$F(\mathcal{R},\phi )$$ deformation of Starobinsky inflationary model
Authors: Canko Dhimiter D. , Gialamas Ioannis D. , Kodaxis George P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study a model including a real scalar field $$\phi $$ϕ non-minimally coupled to $$F(\mathcal{R})$$F(R) gravity, which is conformally equivalent to an Einstein–Hilbert theory, involving two real scalar fields. We consider three special cases of the potential of the field $$\phi $$ϕ in the $$F(\mathcal{R})$$F(R)-frame: a vanishing potential, a mass term and a Higgs potential. All these lead to non-trivial two-field potentials in the Einstein-frame which in particular directions resemble the well-known Starobinsky model. We find, that all these cases can yield viable inflationary models in complete agreement with current observational data.
Application of mutant particle swarm optimization for MPPT in photovoltaic system
Authors: Thi Hoang Thom , Huong Le Thi 
Published: May 2020

<span>The P –V characteristic of a photovoltaic system (PVs) is non-linear and de-pends entirely on the extreme environmental condition, thus a large amount PV energy is lost in the environment. To enhance the operating efficiency of the PVs, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is normally equipped in the system. This paper proposes a new mutant particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm for tracking the maximum power point (MPP) in the PVs. The MPSO-based MPPT algorithm not only surmounts the steady-state oscillation (SSO) around the MPP, but also tracks accurately the optimum power under different varying environmental conditions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, MATLAB simulations are implemented in three challenging scenarios to the PV system, including changing irradiation, load variation and partial shading condition (PSC). Furthermore, the obtained results are compared to some of the con-ventional MPPT algorithms, such as incremental conductance (INC) and clas-sical particle swarm optimization (PSO) in order to show the superiority of the proposed approach in improving the efficiency of PVs. </span>
Novel switching technique for five leg inverter in dual motor control
Authors: Sabarad Jayaprakash , Kulkarni G.H. 
Published: May 2020

<p><span>This work presents a novel switching technique for five leg inverter in dual motor control. As the technology advances in industry, requirements in reducing the cost plays an important role with reliable product design. In conventional method, the six legs are used in 2- three phase Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) to control 2 motors. This proposed technique will give the improved performance of speed control for dual motor control using Five Leg Inverter (FLI). New proposed method suggests to use 5-inverter legs instead of 6-inverter legs to control 2 induction motors. New Switching technique proposed in FLI system is designed in effective way that improved performance and Total Harmonic Distortion of ~23% achieved. The load sharing on common leg is called Common Mode (CM) of operation. In this new method, closed loop control designed by using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and Direct Torque Control (DTC) in FLI Technology. With this new method smooth speed regulation is achieved when load torque is changed. THD% for CM-FLI is reduced when compared with convetional FLI technique. The new Switching technique is controlled in effective way that the common leg is not overloaded and able to drive both the induction motors independently at required speeds. Proposed switching technique verified at different operating speeds with No load and rated torque. Simulation results computed using MATLAB/SIMULINK Software. </span></p>
S100A9 Links Inflammation and Repair in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Marinković Goran , Koenis Duco Steven , de Camp Lisa , Jablonowski Robert , Graber Naomi , de Waard Vivian , de Vries Carlie Jacoba , Goncalves Isabel , Nilsson Jan , Jovinge Stefan , Schiopu Alexandru 
Published: May 2020

Rationale:
The alarmin S100A9 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in myocardial infarction. Short-term S100A9 blockade during the inflammatory phase post-myocardial infarction inhibits systemic and cardiac inflammation and improves cardiac function long term.

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of S100A9 blockade on postischemic cardiac repair.

Methods and Results:

We assessed cardiac function, hematopoietic response, and myeloid phagocyte dynamics in WT (wild type) C57BL/6 mice with permanent coronary artery ligation, treated with the specific S100A9 blocker ABR-238901 for 7 or 21 days. In contrast to the beneficial effects of short-term therapy, extended S100A9 blockade led to progressive deterioration of cardiac function and left ventricle dilation. The treatment reduced the proliferation of Lin
−
Sca-1
+
c-Kit
+
hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow and the production of proreparatory CD150
+
CD48
−
CCR2
+
hematopoietic stem cells. Monocyte trafficking from the spleen to the myocardium and subsequent phenotype switching to reparatory Ly6C
lo
MerTK
hi
macrophages was also impaired, leading to inefficient efferocytosis, accumulation of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, and a larger myocardial scar. The transcription factor Nur77 (Nr4a1 [nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1]) mediates the transition from inflammatory Ly6C
hi
monocytes to reparatory Ly6C
lo
macrophages. S100A9 upregulated the levels and activity of Nur77 in monocytes and macrophages in vitro and in Ly6C
hi/int
monocytes in vivo, and S100A9 blockade antagonized these effects. Finally, the presence of reparatory macrophages in the myocardium was also impaired in S100A9
−/
−
mice with permanent myocardial ischemia, leading to depressed cardiac function long term.

Conclusions:
We show that S100A9 plays an important role in both the inflammatory and the reparatory immune responses to myocardial infarction. Long-term S100A9 blockade negatively impacts cardiac recovery and counterbalances the beneficial effects of short-term therapy. These results define a therapeutic window targeting the inflammatory phase for optimal effects of S100A9 blockade as potential immunomodulatory treatment in acute myocardial infarction.
Reproductive biology of the Sword Snake Tomodon dorsatus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) in South Brazil: comparisons within the tribe Tachymenini
Authors: Loebens Luiza , Almeida-Santos Selma Maria , Cechin Sonia Zanini 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We described the reproductive cycle, size-fecundity relationships, reproductive effort, and sexual maturity of Tomodon dorsatus in South Brazil. We examined 87 individuals (25 males and 62 females) from herpetological collections. The description of the reproductive cycle was based on the morpho-anatomical and histological changes in male testes, ductus deferens, and kidney and in female ovary and oviduct. The age at the onset of sexual maturity was estimated by skeletochronology of the caudal vertebra. The reproduction is seasonal semi-synchronous with most of the individuals showing a reproductive peak in the spring. Males and females have developed sperm storage strategies, increasing the reproductive success. Males store sperm in the ductus deferens during the autumn and winter, while females storage takes place in the utero-vaginal junction furrows during the autumn and early winter. Larger females produce a higher number of larger follicles and eggs. Females invest more in growth before reaching sexual maturity than males. Females reach sexual maturity earlier (4 years old) than males (5 years old) and have larger bodies but lower longevity. Reproductive strategies of Tachymenini specie are highly conserved.
Population size and density in two European pond turtle populations of central Italy
Authors: Zuffi Marco A.L. , Spinelli Alice , Ikovic Vuk , Mangiacotti Marco , Sacchi Roberto , Scali Stefano 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Two populations of the European pond turtle were studied employing capture, marking and recapture (CMR) techniques to determine population density and abundance in natural and protected areas within the Regional Natural park Migliarino San Rossore Massaciuccoli in north western Tuscany, Italy. The results indicated strong sexual size dimorphism in both populations, with males smaller than females. In one area Emys orbicularis was in general smaller in size with a very low reproductive rate (three out of 25 adult females were gravid), which contrasted with a second population where 20 out of 42 females were gravid. Population estimates indicated 79 turtles were present in the first area (0.34 ha) and 61 turtles in the second area (0.58 ha), giving an overall density estimate of 183.6 turtles/ha and 146.7 turtles/ha respectively. Whilst our results are similar to those found in other areas of Europe, they diverge from other regions, suggesting that sampling and monitoring techniques should be standardized to obtain comparable data that will enable conservation and protection measures to be recommended.
Impact of Coherent Ocean Stratification on AMOC Reconstruction by Coupled Data Assimilation with a Biased Model
Authors: Lu Lv , Zhang Shaoqing , Yeager Stephen G. , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Chang Ping , Wu Lixin , Lin Xiaopei , Rosati Anthony , Lu Feiyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is of great importance in Earth’s climate system, and reconstructing its structure and variability by combining observations with a coupled model is a key step in understanding historical and future states of AMOC. However, models always have systematic errors called bias owing to imperfect numerical representation of the real world. Model bias and the sparse nature of ocean observations, particularly in deep oceans, make it difficult to generate a complete historical picture of AMOC structure and variability. Here, two coupled models that are biased with respect to each other are used to design “twin” experiments to systematically study the influence of model bias on AMOC reconstruction. One model is used to produce the “observations” that sample the “true” solution of the AMOC to be reconstructed, while the other model is used to incorporate the “observations” to reconstruct the “truth” through coupled data assimilation (CDA). The degree to which the “truth” is recovered by a CDA scheme assesses the critical role of coherent (both upper- and deep-ocean incorporate enough observations to mitigate stratification instability) ocean stratification on AMOC reconstruction. Results show that balancing restoration of climatology and assimilation of observations is vital to better reconstruct AMOC structure and variability, given that most ocean observations are only available in the upper 2000 m. The gained results serve as a guideline in ocean-state estimation with a balance of deep restoring and upper data constraint for climate prediction initialization, especially for decadal predictions.