bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beneficial microbes ameliorate abiotic and biotic sources of stress on plants
Authors: Porter Stephanie S. , Bantay Roxanne , Friel Colleen A. , Garoutte Aaron , Gdanetz Kristi , Ibarreta Kathleen , Moore Bethany M. , Shetty Prateek , Siler Eleanor , Friesen Maren L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Global climate change and shifting land‐use are increasing plant stress due to abiotic factors such as drought, heat, salinity and cold, as well as via the intensification of biotic stressors such as herbivores and pathogens. The ability of plants to tolerate such stresses is modulated by the bacteria and fungi that live on or inside of plant tissues and comprise the plant microbiome. However, the impacts of diverse classes of beneficial members of the microbiome and the contrasting stresses that impact plants are most commonly studied independently of each other.

Our meta‐analysis of 288 experiments across 89 studies moves beyond previous studies in that we simultaneously compare the roles of bacterial versus fungal microbiome members that live within plant tissues and colonize plant surfaces in ameliorating biotic versus abiotic sources of plant stress.

The magnitude of microbial stress amelioration can be measured as the greater proportional impact of beneficial microbes on plant performance in more stressful environments. In the plant experiments we examine, the magnitude of microbial stress amelioration is substantial: it is 23% of the effect size of the typical impact of stress and 56% of the effect size of beneficial microbiome members in the absence of stress.

The amount of benefit microbiome members confer to plants differs among classes of microbes, depending on whether plants are grown in stressful or non‐stressful environments. In the absence of stress, beneficial bacteria tend to confer greater plant benefits than do fungi. However, symbiotic fungi, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, more strongly ameliorate plant stress than do bacteria. In particular, beneficial microbes ameliorate salinity, foliar herbivory and fungal pathogen stress.

These results highlight the fact that the impacts of beneficial and antagonistic components of the microbiome on plant performance depend on biotic and abiotic environmental contexts. Furthermore, beneficial microbes are especially critical for plant health in stressful environments and thus present opportunities to mitigate negative consequences of global change.

A free plain language summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
High ecosystem service delivery potential of small woodlands in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Valdés Alicia , Lenoir Jonathan , De Frenne Pieter , Andrieu Emilie , Brunet Jörg , Chabrerie Olivier , Cousins Sara A. O. , Deconchat Marc , De Smedt Pallieter , Diekmann Martin , Ehrmann Steffen , Gallet‐Moron Emilie , Gärtner Stefanie , Giffard Brice , Hansen Karin , Hermy Martin , Kolb Annette , Le Roux Vincent , Liira Jaan , Lindgren Jessica , Martin Ludmilla , Naaf Tobias , Paal Taavi , Proesmans Willem , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Wulf Monika , Verheyen Kris , Decocq Guillaume 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Global forest loss and fragmentation have strongly increased the frequency of forest patches smaller than a few hectares. Little is known about the biodiversity and ecosystem service supply potential of such small woodlands in comparison to larger forests. As it is widely recognized that high biodiversity levels increase ecosystem functionality and the delivery of multiple ecosystem services, small, isolated woodlands are expected to have a lower potential for ecosystem service delivery than large forests hosting more species.

We collected data on the diversity of six taxonomic groups covering invertebrates, plants and fungi, and on the supply potential of five ecosystem services and one disservice within 224 woodlands distributed across temperate Europe. We related their ability to simultaneously provide multiple ecosystem services (multiservice delivery potential) at different performance levels to biodiversity of all studied taxonomic groups (multidiversity), forest patch size and age, as well as habitat availability and connectivity within the landscape, while accounting for macroclimate, soil properties and forest structure.

Unexpectedly, despite their lower multidiversity, smaller woodlands had the potential to deliver multiple services at higher performance levels per area than larger woodlands of similar age, probably due to positive edge effects on the supply potential of several ecosystem services.

Biodiversity only affected multiservice delivery potential at a low performance level as well as some individual ecosystem services. The importance of other drivers of ecosystem service supply potential by small woodlands in agricultural landscapes also depended on the level of performance and varied with the individual ecosystem service considered.

Synthesis and applications. Large, ancient woodlands host high levels of biodiversity and can therefore deliver a number of ecosystem services. In contrast, smaller woodlands in agricultural landscapes, especially ancient woodlands, have a higher potential to deliver multiple ecosystem services on a per area basis. Despite their important contribution to agricultural landscape multifunctionality, small woodlands are not currently considered by public policies. There is thus an urgent need for targeted policy instruments to ensure their adequate management and future conservation in order to either achieve multiservice delivery at high levels or to maximize the delivery of specific ecosystem services.
Introducing the Longitudinal Multi‐Agency Data Integration Project and Its Role in Understanding Income Dynamics in Australia
Authors: Biddle Nicholas , Breunig Robert , Markham Francis , Wokker Chris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe opening up of access to data from the Multi‐Agency Data Integration Project provides an opportunity to fill a number of research gaps on inequality in Australia. Our paper begins the external validation of these data, focusing on what the data can tell us about the distribution, dynamics and determinants of income in Australia. It has the potential to shed new light on these aspects, but the dataset should be used with caution, taking into account some key limitations, including incomplete linkage and more limited income information for those who do not complete a tax return.
Induction of labour using prostaglandin E2 as an inpatient versus balloon catheter as an outpatient: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Beckmann M , Gibbons K , Flenady V , Kumar S 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo compare clinical outcomes following induction of labour (IOL) using a balloon catheter and going home, versus prostaglandin (PG) as an inpatient.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingEight Australian maternity hospitals.PopulationWomen with uncomplicated term singleton pregnancies undergoing IOL for low‐risk indications including post‐term, advanced maternal age and ‘social’ reasons.MethodsBetween September 2015 and October 2018, 347 women were randomised to a balloon outpatient group and 348 to a PG inpatient group. The PG group received Dinoprostone, either 2 mg gel or 10 mg controlled‐release tape. The balloon group had a double‐balloon catheter inserted and went home.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was a composite neonatal measure comprising nursery admission, intubation/cardiac compressions, acidaemia, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, seizure, infection, pulmonary hypertension, stillbirth or death. Clinical and process outcomes are reported.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in the primary outcome comparing balloon with PG (18.6% versus 25.8%; relative risk = 0.77, 95% CI 0.51–1.02; P = 0.070), cord arterial pH <7.10 (3.5% versus 9.2%; P = 0.072), nursery admissions (12.6% versus 15.5%; P = 0.379), neonatal antibiotic use (12.1% versus 17.6%; P = 0.103), or mode of birth. Nulliparous women in the balloon group had lower rates of the primary outcome (20.4% versus 31.0%;P = 0.032); Parous women were less likely to have an unassisted vaginal birth (77.6% versus 92.3%; P = 0.045).ConclusionsBalloon catheters may be a superior method of cervical priming for nulliparous women, whereas this may not be the case for parous women. It is feasible that nulliparous women go home after commencing balloon catheter IOL, and the likelihood of adverse outcomes is low.Tweetable abstractMulticentre trial shows outpatient induction using balloon catheter is safe and feasible for nulliparous women.
Yield Variability and Harvest Failures in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan and Their Possible Impact on Food Security in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Araujo‐Enciso Sergio René , Fellmann Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExports from Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan (RUK) help to improve global wheat availability and, hence, global food security. During the past 15 years, however, RUK wheat exports have shown high variability, mainly because they have been repeatedly diminished by severe harvest failures. We present an outlook for RUK wheat production and exports up to 2027, taking into account possible yield variability and harvest failures, and focusing on the impact on food security in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), the world’s major wheat importing region. For the analysis we use the stochastic version of the Aglink‐Cosimo model. Simulation results show that wheat yields in RUK are a major source of uncertainty for international wheat markets. The projected substantial increases in world market prices due to limited RUK wheat exports threaten food security in MENA and highlight the need for both stabilising RUK yields and novel complementary food security approaches to decrease MENA’s vulnerability to disruptions in agricultural world markets.
Wing‐fanning frequency as a releaser boosting male mating success—High‐speed video analysis of courtship behavior in Campoplex capitator, a parasitoid of Lobesia botrana
Authors: Benelli Giovanni , Ricciardi Renato , Romano Donato , Cosci Francesca , Stefanini Cesare , Lucchi Andrea 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCampoplex capitator is an ichneumonid parasitoid with a narrow host range, comprising grapevine moth pests. Despite being considered one of the possible candidates for biocontrol of Lobesia botrana, knowledge about its biology is limited and mass‐rearing for commercial purposes is still lacking. This research provides a quantitative analysis of the C. capitator courtship and mating behavior. C. capitator mating sequence was analyzed by high‐speed video recordings. Main behavioral parameters, with special reference to male wing fanning and antennal tapping, were quantified and linked with mating success. Furthermore, we analyzed the occurrence of population‐level behavioral asymmetries during C. capitator sexual interactions and their impact on male success. Results showed that male wing fanning was crucial to successfully approach the female. Males achieving higher mating success performed wing‐fanning at higher frequencies over unsuccessful ones. After wing fanning, most of males palpated the female's body with their antennae, before attempting copulation. The overall mating success was >70%, with a rather long copula duration (254.76 ± 14.21 s). Male wing‐fanning was lateralized on the left at population level, while antennal tapping displays were right‐biased. Side‐biased male displays do not differ in terms of frequency and duration of their main features. This research adds basic knowledge to the C. capitator behavioral ecology. Since rearing protocols for C. capitator are being developed, male wing fanning frequency may represent a useful benchmark for monitoring mate quality over time, tackling mating success reductions due to prolonged mass‐rearing.
A machine learning analysis of citation impact among selected Pacific Basin journals
Authors: Jones Stewart , Alam Nurul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study uses a machine learning approach to identify and predict factors which influence citation impacts across five Pacific Basin journals: Abacus, Accounting & Finance, Australian Journal of Management, Australian Accounting Review and the Pacific Accounting Review from 2008 to 2018. The machine learning results indicate that citation impact is mostly influenced by: length of a journal article; the field of research (particularly environmental accounting), sample size; whether the sample is local or international; choice of research method (e.g., archival vs survey/interview); academic rank of the first author; institutional status of the first author; and number of authors of the article. The results may be useful for predicting future trends in citation impact as well as providing strategies for authors and editors to improve citation impact.
Guidelines for safe transfer of the brain‐injured patient: trauma and stroke, 2019
Authors: Nathanson M. H. , Andrzejowski J. , Dinsmore J. , Eynon C.A. , Ferguson K. , Hooper T. , Kashyap A. , Kendall J. , McCormack V. , Shinde S. , Smith A. , Thomas E. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe location of care for many brain‐injured patients has changed since 2012 following the development of major trauma centres. Advances in management of ischaemic stroke have led to the urgent transfer of many more patients. The basis of care has remained largely unchanged, however, with emphasis on maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion as the key to preventing secondary injury. Organisational aspects and training for transfers are highlighted, and we have included an expanded section on paediatric transfers. We have also provided a table with suggested blood pressure parameters for the common types of brain injury but acknowledge that there is little evidence for many of our recommendations. These guidelines remain a mix of evidence‐based and consensus‐based statements. We have received assistance from many organisations representing clinicians who care for these patients, and we believe our views represent the best of current thinking and opinion. We encourage departments to review their own practice using our suggestions for audit and quality improvement.
Third‐trimester prediction of successful vaginal birth after one cesarean delivery—A Swedish model
Authors: Carlsson Fagerberg Marie , Källén Karin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe objective was to create a clinically useful prediction model for vaginal birth in trial of labor after one cesarean section, appropriate for a third trimester consultation.Material and methodsWomen with one cesarean section and at least one following delivery (N = 38 686) in the Swedish Medical Birth Register, 1998‐2013, were studied. The women were randomly divided into one development and one validation data set. From the development data set, variables associated with vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) were identified by univariable logistic regression. Stepwise backward selection was performed until all variables were statistically significant. From the final fitted multivariable logistic model, likelihood ratios were calculated, in order to transpose odds ratios into clinically useful measurements. A constant, based on the delivery ward VBAC in trial of labor rate, was used. By applying the likelihood ratios on the validation data set, the VBAC chance for each woman was estimated with the Bayesian theorem, and the ability of the model to predict VBAC was explored using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.ResultsA previous VBAC, and a previous cesarean section for non‐cephalic presentation, were the strongest VBAC predictors. The lowest chances were found for a previous cesarean section due to dystocia, and among women with <18 months since the last cesarean section. The area under the ROC curve was 0.67.ConclusionsThe new model was satisfactory in predicting VBAC in trial of labor. Developed as a software application, it would become a clinically useful decision‐aid.
Savannah trees buffer herbaceous plant biomass against wild and domestic herbivores
Authors: Smith Stuart William , Graae Bente Jessen , Bukombe John , Hassan Shombe Ntaraluka , Lyamuya Richard Daniel , Jacob Mtweve Philipo , Treydte Anna Christina , Speed James David Mervyn 
Published: December 2019

AbstractQuestionsGiven the growing abundance and dominance of domestic herbivores in savannah ecosystems, can trees maintain plant herbaceous standing biomass under increasing herbivore pressure? Are there differences in the capacity of leguminous and non‐leguminous trees in sustaining understory herbaceous biomass? And finally, to what extent does plant community composition underneath trees modulate the effects of herbivore assemblage and abundance on herbaceous biomass?LocationPasturelands and protected areas along the borders of the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, East Africa.MethodMonthly herbaceous biomass was monitored non‐destructively using a calibrated pasture disc. Measurements were taken within a network of paired exclosures and open plots, underneath large leguminous and non‐leguminous tree canopies and outside canopies. Herbivore community assemblage compositions and abundances were characterised using monthly dung counts, and herbaceous plant community composition was surveyed annually every wet season over two years.ResultsOverall, we found that trees promote herbaceous standing biomass, particularly in the presence of moderate herbivory rather than under herbivore exclusion. Greater herbivore abundance and livestock dominance reduced herbaceous plant biomass, but trees, particularly leguminous trees, limited these negative effects. This capacity for trees to limit the effect of herbivores was related to herbaceous plant species composition. Understory plant communities that were compositionally typical of protected areas sustained the highest plant biomass when found in pasturelands with high herbivore pressure.ConclusionOur findings give greater credence to the importance of preserving large trees in savannah landscapes increasingly dominated by high abundances of livestock. Moreover, our results highlight that park managers and pastoralists need to maintain the specialist herbaceous understory community beneath trees in order to benefit from facilitative tree–understory interactions.
Deep‐water sediment transport patterns and basin floor topography in early rift basins: Plio‐Pleistocene syn‐rift of the Corinth Rift, Greece
Authors: Muravchik Martin , Henstra Gijs A. , Eliassen Gauti T. , Gawthorpe Rob L. , Leeder Mike , Kranis Haralambos , Skourtsos Emmanuel , Andrews Julian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOur current understanding on sedimentary deep‐water environments is mainly built of information obtained from tectonic settings such as passive margins and foreland basins. More observations from extensional settings are particularly needed in order to better constrain the role of active tectonics in controlling sediment pathways, depositional style and stratigraphic stacking patterns. This study focuses on the evolution of a Plio‐Pleistocene deep‐water sedimentary system (Rethi‐Dendro Formation) and its relation to structural activity in the Amphithea fault block in the Corinth Rift, Greece. The Corinth Rift is an active extensional basin in the early stages of rift evolution, providing perfect opportunities for the study of early deep‐water syn‐rift deposits that are usually eroded from the rift shoulders due to erosion in mature basins like the Red Sea, North Sea and the Atlantic rifted margin. The depocentre is located at the exit of a structurally controlled sediment fairway, approximately 15 km from its main sediment source and 12 km basinwards from the basin margin coastline. Fieldwork, augmented by digital outcrop techniques (LiDAR and photogrammetry) and clast‐count compositional analysis allowed identification of 16 stratigraphic units that are grouped into six types of depositional elements: A—mudstone‐dominated sheets, B—conglomerate‐dominated lobes, C—conglomerate channel belts and sandstone sheets, D—sandstone channel belts, E—sandstone‐dominated broad shallow lobes, F—sandstone‐dominated sheets with broad shallow channels. The formation represents an axial system sourced by a hinterland‐fed Mavro delta, with minor contributions from a transverse system of conglomerate‐dominated lobes sourced from intrabasinal highs. The results of clast compositional analysis enable precise attribution for the different sediment sources to the deep‐water system and their link to other stratigraphic units in the area. Structures in the Amphithea fault block played a major role in controlling the location and orientation of sedimentary systems by modifying basin‐floor gradients due to a combination of hangingwall tilt, displacement of faults internal to the depocentre and folding on top of blind growing faults. Fault activity also promoted large‐scale subaqueous landslides and eventual uplift of the whole fault block.
A decision framework to identify populations that are most vulnerable to the population level effects of disturbance
Authors: Wilson Lindsay J. , Harwood John , Booth Cormac G. , Joy Ruth , Harris Catriona M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present a decision framework to identify when detailed population‐level assessments are required to understand the potential impacts of a disturbance‐inducing activity on a marine mammal population and discuss how the framework can be applied to other taxa. Species at high risk of population‐level effects can be identified using information on the number of individuals that are likely to be disturbed by the activity, total population size, the probability of repeated disturbance, the species' reproductive strategy, and the life stages (e.g., feeding, pregnant, and lactating) of the individuals most likely to be exposed. This hierarchical approach provides those responsible for conducting impact assessments with a time‐efficient, cost‐effective and reproducible workflow that allows them to prioritize their efforts and assign funds to those species with the most pressing conservation needs. A fully worked case study using marine mammals in the vicinity of a naval training activity is supplied.
Decision Assessment Algorithms for Location and Capacity Optimization under Resource Shortages
Authors: Ramirez‐Nafarrate Adrian , Araz Ozgur M. , Fowler John W. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTEmergency response preparedness requires strategic and operational planning. As natural disasters, disease outbreaks, and bioterrorism continue to threaten public health and the global economic system, policy makers and businesses develop plans for improving their readiness. These emergencies present challenging problems that require evaluation of several trade‐offs due to insufficient resources and capacity with limited response time pressure. Finding an optimal strategy to these problems can be computationally difficult, since they are formulated as large‐scale service network design models with location‐allocation decisions. The facility location problems in disaster management literature are typically known as ‐hard problems. Therefore, heuristic algorithms can help find practically feasible solutions, but decision makers may have to sacrifice one of their objectives while trying to satisfy multiple of them. This paper presents a flexible algorithm to evaluate trade‐offs in resource scarce situations with a given response time. We formulate the location‐allocation problem with capacity and time constraints, and the objective of minimizing the service time for individuals in an affected area. Due to the complexity to solve the problem for large‐scale scenarios, the presented algorithm relaxes capacity and time constraints, simultaneously, and presents flexibility to assess trade‐offs. A modified NSGA‐II algorithm is used with a penalty function formulated to leverage resources. We analyze how values of the penalty parameters interact with a number of open sites in defining an efficient resource allocation strategy. Therefore, decision makers can expand their choices to design an emergency response network with their preferences taken into consideration.