bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Fall Velocity Study on Continuous Flow Plungers
Authors: Sayman Ozan , Pereyra Eduardo , Sarica Cem 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study is experimental and theoretical investigation of the fall mechanics of continuous flow plungers. Fall velocity of the two-piece plungers with different sleeve and ball combinations and bypass plungers are examined in both static and dynamic conditions to develop a drag coefficient relationship. Dimensionless analysis conducted including wall effect, inclination and liquid holdup correction of fall stage. The fall model is developed to estimate fall velocities of the ball, sleeve, and bypass plungers. Sensitivity analysis is performed to reveal influential parameters to the fall velocity of continuous flow plungers.
In a static facility, four sleeves with different height, weight, and OD, three balls made with different materials and a bypass plunger are tested in four different mediums. The wall effect on settling velocity is defined, and it is used to validate the ball drag coefficient results obtained from the experimental setup. Two-phase flow experiments were conducted by injecting gas into the static liquid column and liquid holdup effect on drag coefficient is observed. Experiments in a dynamic facility are used for liquid holdup and deviation corrections. The fall model is developed to estimate fall velocities of the continuous flow plungers against the flow. Dimensionless parameters obtained in the experiments are combined with multiphase flow simulation to estimate the fall velocity of plungers in field scale.
Reference drag coefficient values of plungers are obtained for respective Reynold number values. Experimental wall effect, liquid holdup and inclination corrections are provided. The fall model results for separation time, fall velocity, total fall duration, and maximum flow rate to fall against are estimated for different cases. Sensitivity analysis showed that the drag coefficient, the weight of plungers, pressure, and gas flow rate are the most influential parameters for the fall velocity of the plungers. Furthermore, the fall model revealed that plungers fall slowest at the wellhead conditions for the range of gas flow rates experienced in field conditions. Lower pressure at wellhead had two opposing effects; namely, reduced gas density, therefore reducing the drag, and gas expansion, increased the gas velocity, therefore increasing the drag.
Estimating fall velocity of continuous flow plungers is crucial to optimize ball and sleeve separation time, plunger selection and gas injection rate for plunger assisted gas lift (PAGL). The fall model provides maximum flow rate to fall against, which is defined as the upper operational boundary for continuous flow plungers. This study presents a new methodology to predict fall velocity using drag coefficient vs. Reynolds number relationship, wall effect, liquid holdup, deviation corrections and incorporating multiphase flow simulation.
Pilot Application of Remotely Operated Gas Lift Valves in Permian Basin Unconventional Wells
Authors: Visser Johannes , Basic Tomislav 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a review of new gas lift technologies designed to deliver increased production rates when compared to conventional gas lift systems and demonstrate the applicability of these systems in unconventional development wells in the Permian Basin.
We focus on results from wells employing electrically operated downhole injection technologies that provide a deeper point of injection and conserve surface injection pressure, reducing flowing bottom hole pressure. We present wells that represent a range of the inflow performance spectrum in the Permian Basin. These wells were completed with remotely operable injection stations to understand the impact of a variety of flowing conditions.
Several Gas Lift indicators are used for efficiency evaluation criteria: Depth of injection, multi-pointing elimination or reduction, and properly-sizing injection port to enable gas injection at critical flow. Downhole and surface conditions were continuously and remotely monitored, and included pressure and temperature sensors at each station, both inside and outside of tubing.
We present results that: enabled tuning of annulus pressure calculations; provided reliable gas lift modelling and optimization when compared conventionally equipped gas lift wells; demonstrated the benefits of preserving Gas Lift pressure for single point of injection as deep as possible. These results delivered performance increase, reduced uncertainty in diagnostics and well performance analysis and enhanced completion designs that included the remote operated valves. In all situations the depth of injection was moved further down the well, eliminating multipoint injection observed in conventional gas lift equipment.
Currently, there are several electrically operated gas lift valves available on the market with similar capabilities but vary in design and implementation. Ongoing evaluation of these technologies enable maturation of this technology and creates the opportunity to combine it with integrated production optimization and autonomous operations in the future.
Overall Reduced Baseline Lymphocyte Subsets Closely Related to the Poor Prognosis and the Disease Severity in Patients With COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Liu Dafeng , Wang yong , Zhao Bennan , Lan Lijuan , Liu Yaling , Bao Lei , Chen Hong , Yang Min , Li Qingfeng , Zeng Yilan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
IntroductionDysregulated host immune response was common in COVID-19. In this study we aimed at the characteristics of lymphocyte subsets and its relationship with the disease progression in COVID-19 patients with or without DM.MethodsThe baseline peripheral lymphocyte and subsets were compared between 55 healthy cases (control group) and 95 confirmed cases with COVID-19 (COVID-19 group), and between COVID-19 patients with and without DM.ResultsThe prevalence of DM in COVID-19 group was 20%, and severe cases had higher the prevalence of DM than non-severe cases (P=0.006), moreover significantly poor prognosis and higher severe rate were found in those with DM relative to those without DM (P=0.001,0.003, respectively). In COVID-19 group overall and significant reduced lymphocyte and subsets, especially B and T lymphocytes were found, especially in those with DM. Partial decreased lymphocyte subsets, age and DM closely related with the disease progression and the prognosis.ConclusionsThese findings provide a reference for clinicians that immunomodulatory treatment maybe improve disease progression and prognosis of COVID-19 patients, especially those with DM.
Comparative Genomic Analysis and Phenotypic Characterization of Bronchoscope-Associated Klebsiella Aerogenes
Authors: Huang Fang , Li Shuang , Chi Xiaohui , Wen Peipei , Fu Hao , Wu Lingjiao , Lou Lan , Xu Hao , Mo Junjun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Bronchoscopes has been linked to the outbreaks of nosocomial infections. We aim to investigate the phenotypic and genomic profiles of bronchoscope-associated Klebsiella aerogenes isolates, and their association with genome public available isolates from human and environment.Methods: We performed a prospective single-center study sampling echoendoscopes after clinical use and after normal decontamination procedures. Bacterial screening was conducted by culturing the sample on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method. Whole-genome sequencing of K. aerogenes isolates was performed using an Illumina HiSeq system and comparative genomics analysis were conducted.Results: Over the 5-month period, a total of 358 isolates and 13 isolates were recovered from samples after clinical procedures and samples after decontamination procedures, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing found 7 K. aerogenes isolates to exhibit low-level resistance to antimicrobial agents. Among 7 K. aerogenes isolates, we found 5 sequence types (STs). Whole genome sequencing and comparison analysis observed the genetic diversity in our bacterial collection, which clustered into three main clades. Furthermore, we identified a total of 43 antimicrobial resistance genes in the K. aerogenes core genomes. As expected, human isolates encoded more antimicrobial resistance genes than that environmental isolates. Conclusions: This study first described the phenotypic and genomics characteristics of bronchoscope-associated K. aerogenes. The present observations demonstrated that broadly investigation of specific pathogens using publicly available global genomes offered the opportunity to identify prevalent clones associated with various hosts, sources, and geographical locations.
Proposal of a Mixed-Methods Study to Develop and Validate the Malaysian Anti-Hypertensive Agents Compliance Scale in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Yew Sheng Qian , Nazan Ahmad Iqmer Nashriq Bin Mohd , Tan Kit Aun , Baharom Anisah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: There is still insufficient blood pressure control in hypertensive patients although anti-hypertensive medications are highly available. Determinants of compliance and non-compliance with such medications in hypertensive patients have not been well documented. In response, the objective of the present study is twofold: to identify themes of compliance and non-compliance towards anti-hypertensive medications in hypertensive patients (Study 1) and to develop and validate the Malaysian Anti-Hypertensive Agents Compliance Scale (MAACS) (Study 2). Methods: This study has an exploratory mixed-methods design and will be conducted from December 2020 to December 2021. In Study 1, we will recruit hypertensive patients from two selected clinics to participate in a semi-structured interview session. Recruitment of participants will be terminated once thematic saturation is achieved. Coding and thematic analyses will be performed to identify the themes. In Study 2, based on the themes generated from Study 1, we will develop a Malaysian version of the Anti-Hypertensive Agents Compliance Scale (MAACS). Four hundred hypertensive patients will be randomly selected. Of these, data from 200 participants (serving as the calibration sample) will be subjected to exploratory factor analysis and data from 200 participants (serving as the validation sample) will be subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. Factor structure, concurrent validity, and reliability of the MAACS will be statistically tested. Discussion: With the presence of the MAACS, public health officials and health care providers can gather crucial information regarding barriers and facilitators to hypertensive treatment compliance and design effective health promotion programme in an attempt to reduce complications of uncontrolled hypertension.
Assessment of Mosquito Collection Methods for Dengue Surveillance
Authors: Garjito Triwibowo Ambar , Susanti Lulus , Mujiyono Mujiyono , Prihatin Mega Tyas , Susilo Dwi , Nugroho Sidiq Setyo , Mujiyanto Mujiyanto , Wigati Raden Ajeng , Satoto Tri Baskoro Tunggul , Manguin Sylvie , Gavotte Laurent , Frutos Roger 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSeveral methods exist to collect and assess the abundance of dengue vector mosquitoes, i.e. morning adult collection using an aspirator, pupae collection, various ovitraps, whole night collection using human landing methods, and larvae collection. This diversity of methods might be a source of variability and lack of statistical significance when trying to correlate mosquito density and risk of dengue outbreak. There is also a lack of published data regarding the effectiveness of these methods MethodsA mosquito survey was conducted in 39 locations corresponding to 15 dengue endemic provinces in Indonesia. The larval surveys were performed by collecting at least a single Aedes larva from each container, and then reared up until hatching. Three adult mosquito sampling methods were also used: morning resting collection, human landing collection, animal baited trap. All field samples were tested for dengue. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the collection methods against mosquito species and dengue incidence.ResultsA total of 44675 mosquitoes were collected. The single larva method was the most efficient method. Out of a total of 89 dengue-positive pools, the most frequently encountered virus was DENV2 which made up half of the positive samples, followed by DENV3 and DENV1, respectively. FAMD showed that no correlation could be found between any methods and the presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. Moreover, no correlation could be found either between any method and the incidence.Conclusions﻿There was no concistency in the efficacy of a given method and the incidence of dengue in the human population. There was no correlation between any of the parameters considered, i.e. method, incidence of dengue, location and presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. This indicates that entomological factors are not reliable indicators.
Dietary Interventions for Gastroparesis in Pediatric and Adult Populations: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Okafor Debra , Su Tanya , Lee Keya , Chumpitazi Bruno , Shulman Robert J , Hernaez Ruben 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Dietary interventions are the first-line treatment for patients with gastroparesis. It is unclear which diets are the most efficacious as well as clear guidance as to which diets should be recommended to adult versus pediatric patients. We plan to conduct this systematic review to assess the literature on the efficacy and effectiveness of dietary interventions on clinical outcomes in adult and pediatric patients with gastroparesis. Methods: We will search PubMed and EMBASE databases, evaluating randomized control trials and cohort studies that reported dietary interventions in gastroparesis. Our primary outcomes are to evaluate changes in symptom-specific patient-reported outcomes, changes in perception of quality of life, and changes in gastric emptying time. Data collected from the studies will be analyzed using meta-analysis. Depending on the outcome, we will use quantitative summary estimates (e.g., standardized mean difference with 95% Confidence Intervals, 95%CI) or dichotomous outcomes (e.g., odds ratio and 95%CI).Discussion: This review will explore the use of dietary interventions in the treatment of both adult and pediatric patients with gastroparesis, which has yet to be published in the literature. By assessing what has been investigated by researchers as effective non-pharmacologic treatments in patients, and providing a comprehensive overview of treatment options, healthcare providers will be able to better guide patient care. Furthermore, this review will act as a means to provide direction for future research. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42020210536.
Long Noncoding RNA&nbsp;uc.412 Promotes Mesangial Cell Fibrosis via Binding ELAVL1&nbsp;in Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Ji Jialing , Rong Ju , Sun Ming , Huang Chan , Wang Jin , An Mengru , Shi Huimin , Zheng Hui , Gan Weihua , Zhang Aiqing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Glomerulosclerosis is a characteristic pathologic feature in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Convincing evidence indicates that the mesangial cells (MCs) play critical role in this process. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Using RNA-seq analysis, we previously found that lncRNA uc.412 was involved in the MC proliferation. Here, the effect of uc.412 on glomerular fibrosis and the potential mechanism were explored. Methods: In vivo, CKD mice models were established by 5/6 nephrectomy. The expression of lncRNA uc.412 in CKD was detected by Real-Time PCR. In vitro, MCs were intervened with TGF-β1 (10ng/mL). The uc.412 expression in MCs was detected by in site hybridization. MCs were transfected with uc.412 siRNA or a lentivirus targeting uc.412 and then examined using western blot, Real-Time PCR, RNA pull down assay and immunofluorescence staining. Results: We found that the expression of uc.412 was significantly increased in CKD mice and is induced by TGF-β1 via Smad3- dependent signal pathway. Overexpressing uc.412 caused MCs fibrosis and knockdown of uc.412 alleviated TGF-β1-induced MCs fibrosis. Using RNA pull down analysis, we found that the ELAVL1 was the specific binding protein for uc.412. Moreover, ELAVL1 expression was increased in TGF-β1-treated MCs and silencing ELAVL1 expression attenuated MCs fibrosis. Conclusions: Thus, here, we demonstrated that uc.412, which is regulated in a Smad3-dependent mechanism, is significantly increased during progression of CKD via regulating ELAVL1 expression. Our findings provided the therapeutic strategy for treatment of CKD.
Orosomucoid can predict baseline peritoneal transport characteristics in peritoneal dialysis patients and reduce peritoneal proteins loss
Authors: Bao Manchen , Sun Zhaoxing , Yang Xiaoxiao , Ji Jun , Zhang Lin , Xiang Bo , Yan Guoquan , Ding Xiaoqiang , Zou Jianzhou , Yu Xiaofang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a kind of replacement therapies for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. In the first 4-8 weeks of PD therapy, the patients were given an empirical dialysis prescription due to unknown peritoneal transport characteristics.Methods: Proteomic analysis was used to identify serum biomarkers which can predict the baseline peritoneal transport characteristics. Results: A discovery set of serum samples from ESRD patients were collected. After 4-8 weeks of PD therapy, these patients were divided into three groups according to the peritoneal equilibration test (PET) results: high (H), high average (HA), low average and low (LA&L) transporters. A total of 1051 differential proteins were screened by nano High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry / Mass Spectrometry (Nano HPLC-MS/MS). The top two proteins among different peritoneal transport characteristics were Orosomucoid 2 (ORM2) and C-reactive protein (CRP). To verify the above biomarkers, a larger population of PD patients were enrolled. Immunoturbidimetric assay showed that CRP was significantly elevated in H group than LA&L group, consistent with the result of proteomic analysis. Western blot validated that ORM2 in serum was increased in LA&L group compared with H and HA group. The expression of ORM2 in peritoneum also altered progressively in three groups. At last, supplying exogenous ORM could actually change peritoneal substances transport by reducing peritoneal proteins loss, without causing an excessive pro-inflammatory response in mice.Conclusions: Serum ORM2 and CRP could be used as biomarkers to predict the baseline peritoneal transport characteristics, so as to guide the early PD treatment. ORM also raised the possibility of decreasing peritoneal proteins loss in PD patients.
Bioinformatics Study on the Response of Human Endothelial Cells to Different Strains of Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Xie Tian-ao , Fang Ke-ying , Cao Wen-chao , Lv Jie , Chen Jia-xin , Cao Xun-jie , Zhang Heng , Zhang Yu-wei , Guo Xu-guang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus-induced bacteremia has an impact on human health due to its high mortality rate of 20–30%. To better study the invasion process of staphylococcus aureus, we conducted a study in human endothelial cells to try to find a link between the infection process and bacteremia at the molecular level.MethodsIn this study, the datasets GSE13736, GSE82036 were analyzed using R software to identify differentially expressed genes. Only the infection samples of four different strains had differential gene expression compared to the control samples. Then the GO analysis and KEGG analysis were conducted to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network which shows the interaction and influence relationship between these differential genes. Finally, the central gene of the selected CytoHubba plug-in was verified using GraphPad Prism 8.ResultsThere were 421 differential genes in the Strain 6850, including 64 up-regulated and 357 down-regulated; There were 319 differential genes in the Strain 8325-4, including 14 up-regulated and 305 down-regulated. There were 90 differential genes in the Strain K70058396, including 12 up-regulated and 78 down-regulated. There were 876 differential genes in the Strain K1801/10, accompanied by 261 up-regulated and 615 down-regulated. An analysis of GO and KEGG revealed that these differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in pathways associated with immune response and cytokines; Verification of the hub gene can provide a molecular basis for studying the relationship between invasive endothelial infection and bacteremia.ConclusionsWe found specific gene expression patterns in endothelial cells in response to infection with Strain K70058396, and these central genes and their expression products (RSAD2, DDX58, IFITT3, and IFIH1) play a key role in this process of infection.
Integration of Global Metabolomics and Lipidomics Approaches Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms and the Potential Biomarkers for Post-Operative Recurrence in Early Stage Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Padthaisong Sureerat , Phetcharaburanin Jutarop , Klanrit Poramate , Li Jia V. , Namwat Nisana , Khuntikeo Narong , Titapun Attapol , Jarearnrat Apiwat , Wangwiwatsin Arporn , Mahalapbutr Panupong , Loilome Watcharin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Cholangiocarcioma (CCA) is a major health problem for people in Thailand. The treatment is challenging because most of patients are diagnosed when the disease is advanced, and cancer recurrence is the main problem after treatment, leading to low survival rates. Therefore, our understanding of the mechanism underlying CCA recurrence is essential in order to prevent CCA recurrence and improve patient outcome. Methods: We performed 1H-NMR and UPLC-MS based-metabolomics on CCA serum. The differential metabolites were further analyzed using pathway analysis and potential biomarkers identification.Results: At an early stage, CCA patients with recurrence have a different metabolic profile compared with non-recurrence patients. In recurrence patients, the metabolites involved in energy metabolism, such as pyruvate metabolism and the TCA cycle, are down-regulated, while most lipids, including TGs, PCs, PEs and Pas, are up-regulated. This metabolic feature has been described in cancer stem-like cell (CSC) metabolism. Based on this, the correlation of putative CSC markers and proteins involved in identified pathways, together with recurrence-free survival was explored. The results revealed that the expression levels of the CSC markers CD44v6 and CD44v8-10 are associated with CD36 (a protein involved in lipid uptake) as well as with recurrence-free survival. Potential metabolic biomarkers were identified using ROC and Kaplan-Meier analyses. We found that citrate, sarcosine, succinate, creatine, creatinine and pyruvate and TGs have good predictive values for CCA recurrence and are associated with recurrence-free survival. Conclusions: These findings reveal an alteration of the metabolic profile associated with recurrence. These metabolic changes may be associated with the existence of CSCs that lead to CCA recurrence. Moreover, the alteration of metabolites was shown to provide suitable biomarkers for CCA recurrence. Therefore, the differential metabolites between patients with and without recurrence can be used as biomarkers for CCA recurrence.