bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical relevance of partial HPV16/18 genotyping in stratifying HPV‐positive women attending routine cervical cancer screening: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Gori S , Battagello J , Gustinucci D , Campari C , Zorzi M , Frayle H , Passamonti B , Sartori G , Bulletti S , Fodero C , Cesarini E , Faggiano R , Del Mistro A 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate partial HPV16/18 genotyping as a possible biomarker to select women attending HPV‐based cervical cancer screening at higher risk to be referred to colposcopy.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingOrganised cervical cancer screening programmes (Italy).PopulationWomen with high‐risk HPV infection (period: 2015–2019).MethodsWe analysed the association between partial HPV16/18 genotyping, cytology triage and histologically confirmed diagnosis of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3+) lesions.Main outcome measuresDetection rate (DR) and positive predictive value (PPV) for histologically confirmed CIN3+(any episode in the 2 years after baseline); sensitivity for CIN3+and number of colposcopies needed for lesion detection.ResultsThe study included 145 437 women screened with HPV testing by the clinically validated COBAS 4800 HPV assay (Roche). Overall, 9601 (6.6%) women were HPV+at baseline; HPV16 and HPV18 were present in 1865 and 594 samples, respectively. The cumulative (baseline plus 1‐year repeat) cytology positivity was 42.8% and high‐grade cytology was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) among women with HPV16 infection at baseline (15.2%). The cumulative CIN3+DR for women with HPV16, HPV18 and other HPV‐type infections was 9.8%, 3.4% and 1.8%, respectively.ConclusionsPartial HPV16 genotyping may play a role in triage, whereas HPV18 seems to behave much more similarly to the other HPV types and does not provide additional stratification. HPV16 genotyping combined with high‐grade cytology can be envisaged as a triage biomarker in cervical screening to maximise CIN3+detection while minimising colposcopy at baseline or 1‐year repeat.Tweetable abstractHPV16 genotyping combined with high‐grade cytology can be used as triage biomarker for CIN3+in HPV‐positive women.
Post‐transcriptional deregulation of the tisB/istR‐1 toxin–antitoxin system promotes SOS‐independent persister formation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Edelmann Daniel , Oberpaul Markus , Schäberle Till F. , Berghoff Bork A. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryBacterial dormancy is a valuable strategy to endure unfavourable conditions. The term ‘persister’ has been coined for cells that tolerate antibiotic treatments due to reduced cellular activity. The type I toxin–antitoxin system tisB/istR‐1 is linked to persistence in Escherichia coli, because toxin TisB depolarizes the inner membrane and causes ATP depletion. Transcription of tisB is induced upon activation of the SOS response by DNA‐damaging drugs. However, translation is repressed both by a 5′ structure within the tisB mRNA and by RNA antitoxin IstR‐1. This tight regulation limits TisB production to SOS conditions. Deletion of both regulatory RNA elements produced a ‘high persistence’ mutant, which was previously assumed to depend on stochastic SOS induction and concomitant TisB production. Here, we demonstrate that the mutant generates a subpopulation of growth‐retarded cells during late stationary phase, likely due to SOS‐independent TisB accumulation. Cell sorting experiments revealed that the stationary phase–derived subpopulation contains most of the persister cells. Collectively our data show that deletion of the regulatory RNA elements uncouples the persister formation process from the intended stress situation and enables the formation of TisB‐dependent persisters in an SOS‐independent manner.
Cerumenolytics with or without manual extraction for impacted earwax: A network meta‐analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Sridharan Kannan , Sivaramakrishnan Gowri 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany different substances for cerumenolysis have been evaluated in clinical trials. We carried out a systematic review and network meta‐analysis to compare their effectiveness.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for randomised clinical trials conducted in patients with impacted cerumen evaluating cerumenolytics. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with wax clearance using manual techniques. Rankogram plot was used to assess the “best” cerumenolytic. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was the effect estimate.ResultsTwenty‐six studies were included in the systematic review and 25 in the meta‐analysis. Sodium bicarbonate (OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.2, 6.1) and paradichlorobenzene (OR: 30.9, 95% CI: 5.9, 161.3) were associated with significantly greater proportions of patients with wax clearance following syringing compared to normal saline. Rankogram plot revealed paradichlorobenzene to have the highest probability of being the “best” cerumenolytic. Chlorobutanol was observed to be significantly better than normal saline in adults as well as following single application. Following multiple applications, glycerol, docusate sodium, hydrogen peroxide, oil, paradichlorobenzene, hydrogen peroxide/glycerol and arachis oil/chlorobutanol/paradichlorobenzene were observed with significant cerumenolytic activities. Urea/hydrogen peroxide/glycerol was observed with a significant cerumenolytic activity without the need for further interventions such as syringing/aspiration/suction.ConclusionWe observed several cerumenolytics to be effective in the treatment of impacted earwax when accompanied by additional manual techniques such as syringing/aspiration/suction.
Brain connectivity abnormalities and treatment‐induced restorations in patients with cervical dystonia
Authors: Feng Liang , Yin Dazhi , Wang Xiangbin , Xu Yifei , Xiang Yongsheng , Teng Fei , Pan Yougui , Zhang Xiaolong , Su Junhui , Wang Zheng , Jin Lingjing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between brain abnormalities and phenotypic characteristics in cervical dystonia (CD) patients has not been fully established, and little is known about the neuroplastic changes induced by botulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) treatment.MethodsNinety‐two CD patients presenting with rotational torticollis and 45 healthy controls from our database were retrospectively screened. After clinical assessment, the 92 patients underwent baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by a single‐dose injection of BoNT‐A. Four weeks later, 76 out of the 92 patients were re‐evaluated with the Tsui scale for dystonia severity, and 33 out of 76 patients completed post‐treatment MRI scanning. Data‐driven global brain connectivity and regional homogeneity in tandem with seed‐based connectivity analyses were used to examine the functional abnormalities in CD and longitudinal circuit alterations that scaled with clinical response to BoNT‐A. Multiple regression models were employed for the prediction analysis of treatment efficacy.ResultsCervical dystonia patients exhibited elevated baseline connectivity of the right postcentral gyrus with the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and right caudate nucleus, which was associated with their symptom severity. BoNT‐A reduced excessive functional connectivity between the sensorimotor cortex and right superior frontal gyrus, which was significantly correlated with changes in Tsui score. Moreover, pre‐treatment regional homogeneity of the left middle frontal gyrus was linearly related to varied response to treatment.ConclusionsOur findings unravel dissociable connectivity of the sensorimotor cortex underlying the pathology of CD and central effects of BoNT‐A therapy. Furthermore, baseline regional homogeneity with the left middle frontal gyrus may represent a potential evidence‐based marker of patient stratification for BoNT‐A therapy in CD.
Larval host plants of two lizard beetles in the genus Tetraphala (Coleoptera, Erotylidae, Languriinae, Languriini) from Taiwan, with a host plant list of Languriini
Authors: Toki Wataru , Chiu Ming‐Chung , Huang Ching‐Gi , Wu Wen‐Jer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLizard beetles (Erotylidae, Languriinae, Languriini) are known as stem borers of plants and contain agricultural pests and endangered species, but their species–host plant associations have been poorly documented. Here we investigated the larval host plants of two species of the genus Tetraphala Strum, T. collaris (Crotch) and Tetraphala sp. occurring in Taiwan. Females of T. collaris excavated living leafstalks and stems of the herbaceous dicot, Sambucus chinensis (Adoxaceae) using their mandibles for oviposition. We observed the eggs and early‐instar larvae inside and nearby oviposition holes and late‐instar larvae inside stems, suggesting that T. collaris uses living leafstalks and stems of S. chinensis as oviposition substrate and the larvae tunnel into stems with feeding on the tissues. Similarly, females of Tetraphala sp. excavated living leafstalks of the fern, Pteris wallichiana (Pteridaceae) using their mandibles for oviposition. We observed the eggs and early‐instar larvae inside and nearby oviposition holes. When reared in laboratory, a larva reached adulthood inside the leafstalk. These results indicated that Tetraphala sp. uses living leafstalks of Pt. wallichiana as oviposition substrate and the larvae complete their development within. This study revealed that the genus Tetraphala contains both fern‐ and dicot‐users during larval period. Further study is needed to clarify the evolutionary process of host plant use of languriines. Additionally, the host plant list of Languriini is provided.
Could basement membrane alterations, resembling micro‐wounds at the dermo‐epidermal junction in psoriatic non‐lesional skin, make the skin susceptible to lesion formation?
Authors: Bozó Renáta , Flink Lili Borbála , Belső Nóra , Gubán Barbara , Széll Márta , Kemény Lajos , Bata‐Csörgő Zsuzsanna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrent data suggest that tissue microenvironment control immune functions. Therefore, understanding the tissue environment in which immune activation occurs will enhance our capability to interfere with abnormal immune pathology. Here, we argue that studying the constitutively abnormal functions of clinically uninvolved psoriatic skin in patients with plaque type psoriasis is very important to better understand psoriasis pathobiology, because non‐lesional skin provides the tissue environment in which the psoriatic lesion develops. A key question in psoriasis is what initiates the abnormal, uncontrolled immune activation in the first place and the answer may lie in the skin. In light of this concept, we summarize abnormalities at the dermal‐epidermal junction region which shows a special “non‐healing‐like” micro‐wound phenotype in the psoriatic non‐lesional skin that may act as a crucial susceptibility factor in the development of the disease.
Very high cycle fatigue characterization of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg and AlSi7Mg aluminium alloys based on ultrasonic fatigue testing
Authors: Lesperance Xavier , Ilie Paul , Ince Ayhan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates long fatigue life characteristics of AlSi10Mg and AlSi7Mg aluminium alloys produced using direct metal laser sintering. An in‐house built ultrasonic fatigue testing machine was used to carry out fatigue tests on specimens machined from heat‐treated AlSi10Mg and AlSi7Mg alloys subjected to constant fully reversed tension–compression loadings. The fatigue life data acquired for these two additive manufacturing (AM) aluminium alloys were compared with previously published data under heat treatment and non‐heat treatment conditions. It was found that fatigue data of tested specimens fit more closely the data of specimens without any heat treatment. Fatigue test results indicate that effects of heat treatment on high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) performance of AM alloys should be further investigated in the context of the microstructural changes.
Learning and reaction times in mouse touchscreen tests are differentially impacted by mutations in genes encoding postsynaptic interacting proteins SYNGAP1, NLGN3, DLGAP1, DLGAP2 and SHANK2
Authors: Horner Alexa E. , Norris Rebecca H. , McLaren‐Jones Robbie , Alexander Liam , Komiyama Noboru H. , Grant Seth G. N. , Nithianantharajah Jess , Kopanitsa Maksym V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe postsynaptic terminal of vertebrate excitatory synapses contains a highly conserved multiprotein complex that comprises neurotransmitter receptors, cell‐adhesion molecules, scaffold proteins and enzymes, which are essential for brain signalling and plasticity underlying behaviour. Increasingly, mutations in genes that encode postsynaptic proteins belonging to the PSD‐95 protein complex, continue to be identified in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability and epilepsy. These disorders are highly heterogeneous, sharing genetic aetiology and comorbid cognitive and behavioural symptoms. Here, by using genetically engineered mice and innovative touchscreen‐based cognitive testing, we sought to investigate whether loss‐of‐function mutations in genes encoding key interactors of the PSD‐95 protein complex display shared phenotypes in associative learning, updating of learned associations and reaction times. Our genetic dissection of mice with loss‐of‐function mutations in Syngap1, Nlgn3, Dlgap1, Dlgap2 and Shank2 showed that distinct components of the PSD‐95 protein complex differentially regulate learning, cognitive flexibility and reaction times in cognitive processing. These data provide insights for understanding how human mutations in these genes lead to the manifestation of diverse and complex phenotypes in NDDs.
Urinary incontinence onset predictors in community‐dwelling older women: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Okumatsu Koki , Osuka Yosuke , Suzuki Takao , Kim Miji , Kojima Narumi , Yoshida Yuko , Hirano Hirohiko , Kim Hunkyung 
Published: December 2020

AimWe aimed to investigate whether physical function was associated with urinary incontinence (UI) onset in community‐dwelling older Japanese women.MethodsThis was a 4‐year prospective cohort study. After excluding participants with UI and missing data in the baseline survey, we included 890 participants in the analyses. Physical function including grip strength, maximal walking speed, knee extension strength, single‐leg balance, and timed up and go (TUG) were measured. The primary outcome was the onset of all UI and different types of UI (urge, stress and mixed) based on the questionnaire survey. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between physical function and the risk of all UI and different types of UI incident.ResultsAmong the 890 participants, 221 (25%) developed UI during the 4‐year follow‐up. After adjusting for confounders, better knee extension strength, maximal walking speed and TUG were significantly associated with a lower risk of all UI and urge UI onset, and better single‐leg balance and TUG were significantly associated with a lower risk of mixed UI onset (P for trend <0.05). No significant association was found between physical function and the risk of stress UI onset.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that better lower extremity physical function is associated with lower risk of urge and mixed UI onset, indicating that exercise programs focusing on maintaining and improving lower extremity physical function may be useful for reducing such events among older women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 178–184.
Transarterial chemoembolisation enhances programmed death‐1 and programmed death‐ligand 1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Montasser Ahmed , Beaufrère Aurélie , Cauchy François , Bouattour Mohamed , Soubrane Olivier , Albuquerque Miguel , Paradis Valérie 
Published: December 2020

AimsImmunotherapies represent a new alternative therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and have shown promising results when used in combination therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) to modulate programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression profiles in a cohort of surgically treated HCCs.Methods and resultsA total of 82 surgically treated HCCs from patients who had undergone (n = 32) or not undergone (n = 50) preoperative TACE were included in the study. Immunohistochemical expression of PD‐1 and of PD‐L1 were analysed and compared according to TACE treatment. Pretreatment biopsies, which were available for 30 cases (20 with TACE and 10 without), were similarly analysed. Follow‐up data were retrieved from patients' charts. PD‐1 expression (≥1%) in intratumoral inflammatory cells (ICs) was observed in 46% of HCCs, and PD‐L1 expression (≥1%) in ICs and PD‐L1 expression in tumour cells (TCs) were observed in 46% and 16% of HCCs, respectively. A low level of PD‐1 expression (<1%) was associated with strong and diffuse glutamine synthetase overexpression (8% versus 27%, P = 0.024). HCCs from patients with TACE pretreatment showed significantly higher PD‐L1 expression in TCs than those from patients without TACE pretreatment (2% versus 0.4%, P = 0.027). PD‐1 expression in ICs and PD‐L1 expression in both ICs and TCs were higher in TACE‐resected tumours than in corresponding pre‐TACE biopsies (respectively: 1.8% versus 8.1%, P = 0.034; 0.8% versus 7.1%, P = 0.032; and 0% versus 2.4%, P = 0.043).ConclusionOur results, showing increases in PD‐1 expression and PD‐L1 expression in HCCs following TACE, support the use of TACE in combination with immunotherapy in selected cases to optimise tumour response.
Predicting bacteraemia in maternity patients using full blood count parameters: A supervised machine learning algorithm approach
Authors: Mooney Ciarán , Eogan Maeve , Ní Áinle Fionnuala , Cleary Brian , Gallagher Joeseph J. , O'Loughlin John , Drew Richard J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionBacteraemia in pregnancy and the post‐partum period can lead to maternal and newborn morbidly. The purpose of this study was to use machine learning tools to identify if bacteraemia in pregnant or post‐partum women could be predicted by full blood count (FBC) parameters other than the white cell count.MethodsThe study was performed on 129 women with a positive blood culture (BC) for a clinically significant organism, who had a FBC taken at the same time. They were matched with controls who had a negative BC taken at the same time as a FBC. The data were split in to a training (70%) and test (30%) data set. Machine learning techniques such as recursive partitioning and classification and regression trees were used.ResultsA neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of >20 was found to be the most clinically relevant and interpretable construct of the FBC result to predict bacteraemia. The diagnostic accuracy of NLR >20 to predict bacteraemia was then examined. Thirty‐six of the 129 bacteraemia patients had a NLR >20, while only 223 of the 3830 controls had a NLR >20. This gave a sensitivity of 27.9% (95% CI 20.3‐36.4), specificity of 94.1% (93.3‐94.8), positive predictive value of 13.9% (10.6‐17.9) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.4% (97.2‐97.7) when the prevalence of bacteraemia was 3%.ConclusionThe NLR should be considered for use in routine clinical practice when assessing the FBC result in patients with suspected bacteraemia during pregnancy or in the post‐partum period.
Association between child/adolescent overweight/obesity and conduct disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nujić Danijela , Musić Milanović Sanja , Milas Vesna , Miškulin Ivan , Ivić Vedrana , Milas Josip 
Published: December 2020

SummaryBackgroundResearch findings of the association and its pattern between obesity and psychiatric/psychological comorbidities are not consistent across the types of comorbidities or the study subgroups.ObjectivesWe aimed to perform meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional studies and longitudinal studies analysing obesity as a risk factor for conduct disorder in order to assess the association between child/adolescent overweight/obesity and conduct disorder.MethodsSystematic literature search, study selection and data extraction were performed independently by the two authors. Data were analysed by Comprehensive Meta‐analysis software.ResultsAnalysis of 13 high‐quality cross‐sectional studies including 79 027 children and adolescents indicated a significant association between overweight/obesity and conduct disorder among children and adolescents (OR 1.32 [95% CI, 1.18‐1.49], I2 = 86.68), with no publication bias. Subgroup analyses yielded a significant difference (P < .01) between boys and girls. Analysis of four low‐ to moderate‐quality longitudinal studies (OR 1.11 [95% CI, 0.89‐1.38], I2 = 57.69) showed no prospective association between overweight/obesity and conduct disorder. Subgroup analysis according to gender revealed a significant positive association for boys and negative association for girls.ConclusionsBased on the high‐quality cross‐sectional data, overweight and obesity are associated with conduct disorder among children and adolescents, affecting boys more frequently than girls. Results of the longitudinal analysis indicated possible association in boys, while girls seem to be protected from conduct disorder. However, these results are very unreliable, indicating the need of well‐designed longitudinal studies to elucidate the pattern of association between these disorders.
Group B streptococcal bacteraemia: changing trends in a tropical region of Australia
Authors: Alizzi Mohammed , Rathnayake Romesh , Sivabalan Pirathaban , Emeto Theophilus I. , Norton Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundGroup B streptococcus (GBS) is a recognised perinatal and neonatal pathogen. There are reports of increasing GBS sepsis globally outside this demographic. North Queensland is part of tropical Australia, with a relatively high proportion of Indigenous Australians.AimsTo analyse the epidemiology of GBS bacteraemia and explore associated risk factors.MethodsThis was a 10‐year retrospective review of GBS bacteraemia in a tertiary facility in North Queensland, between 2010 and February 2020. Data variables collected included: demographics, risk factors, clinical source and outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the association of indigenous status and other relevant clinical factors with mortality from GBS bacteraemia at 3 months.ResultsOf the 164 total cases, 123 were not pregnancy related. The annual rate of GBS bacteraemia for the indigenous population was 12.48 per 100 000 and 4.84 per 100 000 for the non‐indigenous population. Indigenous patients were more likely to have diabetes and chronic kidney disease compared with the non‐indigenous patients. Males (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.34; 95% CI 1.14−16.56; P = 0.031) and immunosuppressed patients (AOR = 11.49; 95% CI 2.73−48.42; P < 0.001) were more likely to experience mortality at 3 months from GBS bacteraemia even after adjusting for other risk factors respectively.ConclusionGBS bacteraemia is deviating from being primarily a neonatal disease. While the indigenous population of North Queensland are disproportionately affected, the demographics affected differ. GBS appears to target the older non‐indigenous patients with greater comorbidities. In the non‐indigenous population, invasive GBS disease is an emerging issue. Three‐month mortality appears to be increased in males and the immunosuppressed.