bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastome phylogenomics and phylogenetic diversity of endangered and threatened grassland species (Poaceae) in a North American tallgrass prairie
Authors: Pischl Phyllis H. , Burke Sean V. , Bach Elizabeth M. , Duvall Melvin R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNative grasslands are one of the most endangered ecosystems in North America. In this study, we examined the ecological and evolutionary roles of endangered and threatened (e/t) grasses by establishing robust evolutionary relationships with other nonthreatened native and introduced grass species of the community. We hypothesized that the phylogenomic distribution of e/t species of grasses in Illinois would be phylogenetically clustered because closely related species would be vulnerable to the same threats and have similar requirements for survival. This study presents the first time a phylogeny based on complete plastome DNA of Poaceae was analyzed by phylogenetic diversity analysis. To avoid the disturbance of e/t populations, DNA was extracted from herbarium specimens. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) techniques were used to sequence DNA of plastid genomes (plastomes). The resulting phylogenomic tree was analyzed by phylogenetic diversity metrics. The extracted DNA successfully produced complete plastomes demonstrating that herbarium material is a practical source of DNA for genomic studies. The phylogenomic tree was strongly supported and defined Dichanthelium as a separate clade from Panicum. The phylogenetic metrics revealed phylogenetic clustering of e/t species, confirming our hypothesis.
Linking fish assemblages to hydro‐morphological units in a large regulated river
Authors: Wegscheider Bernhard , Linnansaari Tommi , Monk Wendy A. , Curry R. Allen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFlow‐related changes of physical habitat represent a potentially significant environmental filter determining the presence and composition of fish assemblages in rivers. The mesoscale (100–103 m) of river habitat has been identified as an appropriate resolution to model linkages between fish and their abiotic environment that are relevant yet logistically feasible for management of large rivers with complex habitats and diverse fish assemblages. This study identified well‐defined mesohabitat types (i.e. hydro‐morphological units) that influence the fish community of the lower Saint John River, New Brunswick, downstream of a large hydropower generating station (the Mactaquac Generating Station). Four hydro‐morphological units or habitats (i.e. pool, riffle, run and slack water) were identified and linked to three distinct fish assemblages. Eurytopic species represent habitat generalists that were common among all habitats throughout the study area. Rheophilic species preferred fast‐flowing run habitat, whereas limnophilic species were mainly associated with slack water habitat. Riffle habitats that frequently run dry during low flows were mostly vacant of fish species, suggesting that fish assemblages that would naturally occur in these environments could be affected by fluctuations in flow (i.e. hydropeaking) due to dam operation. Our improved understanding of the relationship between fish assemblages and hydro‐morphological units is a fundamental first step to develop meaningful habitat models that can facilitate the effective evaluation of flow management options regarding hydropower and other flow manipulation activities in large rivers with diverse fish fauna.
Market mindset impacts moral decisions: The exposure to market relationships makes moral choices more utilitarian by means of proportional thinking
Authors: Zaleskiewicz Tomasz , Gasiorowska Agata , Kuzminska Anna O. , Korotusz Przemyslaw , Tomczak Pawel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe show that exposure to market relationships increases people’s tendency to make utilitarian moral choices by means of proportional thinking—the definitional feature of the market mindset. In Experiment 1, participants primed with market relationships made more utilitarian choices in both the trolley and the footbridge dilemmas. In Experiment 2, priming market mindset led to more utilitarian moral choices and to greater focus on the proportion of survivors to victims. Experiment 3 showed that the effect of market mindset on utilitarian choices held only when the numbers of potential deaths and saved lives were clearly specified. A preregistered Experiment 4 demonstrated that the motivation to use proportional thinking mediates the relationship between market mindset and making utilitarian choices. Experiment 5, also preregistered, showed that the main effect we demonstrated is not due to suppressed emotions and that proportional thinking increases utilitarian choices as part of a broader orientation on rationality.
Recovery of Pt(IV) from aqueous solutions by spent brewer's yeast‐functionalized zeolite (SBYFZ): A batch and column study
Authors: Mosai Alseno K. , Chimuka Luke , Cukrowska Ewa M. , Kotzé Izak A. , Tutu Hlanganani 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMineral commodities in Earth's crust, such as platinum, palladium, and gold have to be sustained especially since their ore deposits have been dramatically declining, due to intensive mining, motivated by high demand. The mining of these commodities results in large amounts of wastewater containing traces of precious elements. The current study presents on the recovery of Pt(IV) from aqueous solutions using spent brewer's yeast‐functionalized zeolite (SBYFZ). Batch and column experiments were conducted at different conditions. Two‐ and three‐parameter isotherm and kinetic models were fitted using adsorption data. Pt(IV) was significantly (p < .05) recovered from aqueous solutions within 300 min of contact time, using 10 g/L adsorbent dosage and 2 mg/L at pH 2. The platinum uptake was reduced by 5% when incorporated with adsorption competing ions. Other platinum group elements were successfully removed from aqueous solutions along with Pt(IV). Column studies indicated that breakthrough times were proportional to increasing bed height, highly acidic pH, and low influent concentration. The recovery of Pt(IV) was through mass transfer as concluded from column adsorption models. These results indicated that SBYFZ was excellent for the significant recovery of Pt(IV) from aqueous solutions. Thus, SBYFZ can be used in wastewaters with optimum conditions.
A seismic monitoring approach to detect and quantify river sediment mobilization by steelhead redd‐building activity
Authors: Dietze Michael , Losee James , Polvi Lina , Palm Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe role of spawning salmonids in altering river bed morphology and sediment transport is significant, yet poorly understood. This is due, in large part, to limitations in monitoring the redd‐building process in a continuous and spatially extended way. A complementary approach may be provided through the use of a small seismic sensor network analysing the ground motion signals generated by the agitation of sediment during the redd‐building process. We successfully tested the viability of this approach by detecting and locating artificially generated redd signals in a reach of the Mashel River, Washington State, USA. We then utilize records of 17 seismic stations, in which we automatically detected seismic events that were subsequently manually checked, yielding a catalogue of 45 potential redd‐building events. Such redd‐building events typically lasted between 1 and 20 min and consisted of a series of clusters of 50–100 short energetic pulses in the 20–60 Hz frequency range. The majority (>90%) of these redd‐building events occurred within 11 days, predominantly during the early morning and late afternoon. The seismically derived locations of the signals were in agreement with independently mapped redds. Improved network geometry and installation conditions are required for more efficient detection, robust location and improved energetic insights into redd‐building processes in larger reaches. The passive and continuous nature of the seismic approach in detecting redds and describing fish behaviour provides a novel tool for fish biologists and fisheries managers, but also for fluvial geomorphologists, interested in quantifying the amount of sediment mobilized by this ecosystem engineer. When complemented with classic approaches, it could allow for a more holistic picture of the kinetics and temporal patterns (at scales from seconds to multiple seasons) of a key phase of salmonid life cycles. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Gender differences in resources related to depressive symptoms during the early years of retirement: A Swedish population‐based study
Authors: Hed Sara , Berg Anne Ingeborg , Hansson Isabelle , Kivi Marie , Waern Margda 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo examine levels of depressive symptoms during the early years of retirement in men and women and to investigate potential gender differences in associations with self‐reported health, financial insecurity, social network and psychological resources.MethodsData was drawn from the first wave in the Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden‐study (HEARTS) including a total sample of 1148 retirees, aged 60 to 66. Level of depressive symptoms and associations with health, financial insecurity, social network and psychological resources were investigated in regression analyses in the total sample and in bivariate correlation analyses in the subgroup at risk of depression as defined by a cut‐off ≥9 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D).ResultsMean CES‐D scores were similar in men and women in the entire sample. The CES‐D identified 144 individuals at risk of depression (men 14%, women 11%, n.s.). Although the pattern of related resources was similar in men and women, a greater proportion of the variance was explained in the male group (51% vs 37%). Health, quality of social network, social support and competence satisfaction were all correlated with depressive symptoms in men in the high risk group, but no associations were seen in women.ConclusionsSimilar levels of depressive symptoms were observed in women and men in the retirement transition. However, the relevance of the selected resources may be greater in men. Research on the management of depressive symptoms in the transition between midlife and aging needs to take gender into consideration.
Approximate analytical approach to unsteady conducting micropolar fluid flow in the presence of buoyant forces and reactive species
Authors: Dash A. K. , Mishra S. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present analysis studied the significance of free convective flow of an unsteady non‐Newtonian fluid through a semi‐infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium. The thermal transport equation is enhanced by incorporating the heat source/sink and mass transfer in the chemical reaction parameters. The plate moves at a constant velocity and the velocity near the free stream varies exponentially, which allows perturbation laws. Such a model has relevance to a few industrial and engineering applications. In particular, a micropolar fluid is used as a lubricant in various gadgets, also, in polymeric suspensions as well as in animal blood, the phenomena are used to define the local structure and micromotion of the particles. Transformed nondimensional governing equations are solved analytically employing the perturbation method. Influences of the characterizing parameters are presented via graphs and computations for the coefficients of quantities of interest obtained and shown in a table. Also, validation of the present results in a particular case such as the case of Newtonian fluid is obtained with an earlier study and found to be in good agreement. The major findings are laid down here; an increase in plate velocity enhances the velocity profile near the plate and a destructive chemical reaction restrains the fluid concentration in the entire flow domain.
Do postpartum anxiety and breastfeeding self‐efficacy and bonding at early postpartum predict postpartum depression and the breastfeeding method?
Authors: Minamida Tomoko , Iseki Atsuko , Sakai Hiroko , Imura Masumi , Okano Tadaharu , Tanii Hisashi 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTWe investigated whether postpartum anxiety (PPA) and breastfeeding self‐efficacy and bonding at the early postpartum period can be used to predict postpartum depression and the breastfeeding method, and we sought to identify factors related to postpartum depression. Of the 510 eligible women, 185 (36%) returned the questionnaire on all three occasions (1 day, 3 days, and 1 month after childbirth). The mothers' progress on the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale Short Form (BFSES‐SF), and Postnatal Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) was observed over three periods. A repeated‐measures ANOVA revealed that the mothers at high risk of developing postpartum depression (PPD) were those who did not show an increase in BFSES‐SF score at early postpartum, and mothers whose bonding disorders have deteriorated rapidly. The results of the logistic regression analysis revealed a significant difference in employment as a factor related to postpartum depression. Compared to Regular, Part‐time status was 4.4 times more likely and Unemployed status was 2.3 times more likely to cause postpartum depression. For the early detection of PPD, it is necessary to identify (1) mothers who do not show an increase in the BFSES‐SF score, (2) mothers whose bonding disorders have deteriorated rapidly, and (3) part‐time or unemployed mothers as characteristic of postpartum depression.
A novel role of the miR‐152‐3p/ERRFI1/STAT3 pathway modulates the apoptosis and inflammatory response after acute kidney injury
Authors: Ma Piyong , Zhang Chunmei , Huo Pengfei , Li Yan , Yang Hailing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common and serious complications in the development of sepsis. Many microRNAs are closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of sepsis AKI (but the effect and mechanism of miR‐152‐3p in it is unclear). Meanwhile, the ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1 (ERRFI1) has a negative regulatory effect on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation on uterine epithelial cells. But, the relationship between miR‐152‐3p and renal function, inflammatory factors, prognosis in AKI, and the mechanism is not clear. Analyzing sepsis‐induced AKI rats and the cell model, our results revealed that miR‐152‐3p was upregulated in septic AKI patients and positively correlated with serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α). Downregulation of miR‐152‐3p with the inhibitor could dramatically attenuate caspase‐3, bromodeoxyuridine and IL‐1β, and TNF‐α in the AKI rats' model. Furthermore, downregulation of miR‐152‐3p attenuated lipopolysaccharide‐induced apoptosis and inflammatory response in HK‐2 and HEK293 cells. To further explore the mechanisms, we found ERRFI1 was appreciably downregulated and STAT3 was upregulated in AKI, whereas ERRFI1 was radically upregulated and STAT3 was greatly downregulated after the addition of miR‐152‐3p inhibitor, no matter in vivo or in vitro. Summarily, our study confirmed that miR‐152‐3p could promote the expression of STAT3 by targeting ERRFI1, aggravate cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, and thereby aggravate kidney injury in sepsis AKI.
Retracted: The systemic inflammatory response syndrome in acute antipsychotic poisoning
Authors: Zhang Yaqun , Qiu Shengnu , Orlova Ekaterina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mutual effect of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) accompanied with fibrinolysis, endotoxemia, and coagulation in severe cases of antipsychotic poisoning. A total of 199 patients were examined, of which 71 were men and 128 were women. The age of the patients was from 22 to 63 years, (45.3 ± 6.1 years on average). According to the results of the course of therapy, the patients were divided into two groups. In the blood plasma, the content of C‐reactive protein, fibrinogen and its proteolysis products (oligopeptides, D‐dimers), interleukin‐6 were determined. In the first 1 to 3 days, in group 1, the level of interleukin‐6 decreased and approached the normal level (P ≤ .05). The opposite trend continued throughout the observation of patients from group 2—their levels of interleukin‐6 increased day by day (P ≤ .05). The concentration of D‐dimer already in 1 day after admission to intensive care in patients from group 2 exceeded the norm by 14 times (P ≤ .05). The level of D‐dimer correlated with the level of oligopeptides in blood plasma upon admission, as well as for 3 and 5 days after admission to intensive care: 0.36, 0.76 at P ≤ .05, 0.94 at P ≤ .01, respectively. Similar correlations were obtained for the content of oligopeptides in urine and the level of D‐dimer: 0.55, 0.85 at P ≤ .05, 0.93 at P ≤ .01. In this regard, the most pronounced correlation is that between the SIRS score, plasma D‐dimer level, and the plasma level of the D‐dimer derivatives, oligopeptides.
Carbohydrate response element‐binding protein regulates lipid metabolism via mTOR complex1 in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Chen Nan , Mu Lin , Yang Zhifen , Du Chunyang , Wu Ming , Song Shan , Yuan Chen , Shi Yonghong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLipid deposition caused by the disorder of renal lipid metabolism is involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Carbohydrate response element‐binding protein (ChREBP) is a key transcription factor in high glucose‐induced cellular fat synthesis. At present, the regulation and mechanism of ChREBP on fat metabolism in diabetic kidneys are still unclear. In this study, we showed that lack of ChREBP significantly improved renal injury, inhibited oxidative stress, lipid deposition, fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) expression, as well as the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in diabetic kidneys. Meanwhile, ChREBP deficiency upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyltransferaser 1A (CPT1A) and acyl‐coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) in diabetic kidneys. In vitro, knockdown of ChREBP attenuated lipid deposition, mTORC1 activation, and expression of FASN and ACC, increased PPARα, CPT1A, and ACOX1 expression in HK‐2 cells and podocytes under high glucose (HG) conditions. Moreover, HG‐induced lipid deposition, increased expression of FASN and ACC and decreased expression of PPARα, CPT1A, and ACOX1 were reversed by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTORC1, in HK‐2 cells. These results indicate that ChREBP deficiency alleviates diabetes‐associated renal lipid accumulation by inhibiting mTORC1 activity and suggest that reduction of ChREBP is a potential therapeutic strategy to treat DN.
Extrapulmonary Surfactant Therapy: Review of Available Data and Research/Development Issues
Authors: Foligno Silvia , Loi Barbara , Pezza Lucilla , Piastra Marco , Autilio Chiara , De Luca Daniele 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince the discovery of surfactant, a large amount of knowledge has been accumulated about its biology and pharmacology. Surfactant is the cornerstone of neonatal respiratory critical care, but its proteins and phospholipids are produced in various tissues and organs, with possible roles only partially similar to that played in the alveoli. As surfactant research is focused mainly on its respiratory applications, knowledge about the possible role of surfactant in extrapulmonary disorders has never been summarized. Here we aim to comprehensively review the data about surfactant biology and pharmacology in organs other than the lung, especially focusing in the more promising surfactant extrapulmonary roles. We also review any preclinical or clinical data available about the therapeutic use of surfactant in these contexts. We offer a summary of knowledge and research/development milestones, as possible useful guidance for researchers of multidisciplinary background.
Clinical Pharmacology Considerations for Developing Small‐Molecule Treatments for COVID‐19
Authors: Brunsdon Priya , Saluja Bhawana , Sahajwalla Chandrahas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNumerous drugs are being investigated for the treatment of COVID‐19, including antivirals and therapies targeting complications related to COVID‐19. The clinical presentation of COVID‐19 varies from mild fever, cough, and dyspnea in the early stages of disease to severe complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, systemic hyperinflammation, and sepsis. A thorough understanding of the disease pathogenesis and the disease complications is essential to developing effective therapies to treat this potentially life‐threatening disease. This review offers key clinical pharmacology considerations involved in the development of small molecules for the treatment of COVID‐19. They are based on the major observed disease complications that impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. We also address considerations regarding potential drug interactions, alternative routes and methods of administration, and dosing in patients on hemodialysis.
Lectin binding sites on the plasma membranes of Orthoptera Tettigonioidea spermatodesms
Authors: Pecoraro Roberta , Scalisi Maria Elena , Brundo Maria Violetta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn many Vertebrate and invertebrate, the interaction mechanisms among gametes are based on a high affinity and specificity of recognition and link between specific saccharidic residues and receptors present on the surface of gametes. Literature data also suggest that Insects could use this strategy. In particular, Orthoptera Tettigoniidae spermatodesms and sperms undergo radical changes passing through the male to the female genital tracts that may be interpreted as well as a capacitation process. These changes could also concern the presence and distribution of surface glycoconjugates. Our study aims to highlight the presence and distribution of saccharide residues on the spermatozoa surface in five species of Orthoptera Tettigoniidae using a battery of lectins Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Conjugated and Gold Conjugated. The results of this investigation have shown that on the surface of the male gametes are present saccharide residues whose nature and distribution are species‐specific, during their transfer to the female genital tract, they significantly undergo a change. These results let us hypothesize that also for this group of Insects, the glycoconjugates play a significant role in the process of interaction between gametes.