bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blue Single‐Layer Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Fluorescent Materials: A Molecular Design View Point
Authors: Poriel Cyril , Rault‐Berthelot Joëlle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince the beginning of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), blue emission has attracted the most attention and many research groups worldwide have worked on the design of materials for stable and highly efficient blue OLEDs. However, almost all the high‐efficiency blue OLEDs using fluorescent materials are multilayer devices, which are constituted of a stack of organic layers to improve the injection, transport, and recombination of charges within the emissive layer. Although the technology has been mastered, it suffers from real complexity and high cost and is time‐consuming. Simplifying the multilayer structure with a single‐layer one, the simplest devices made only of electrodes and the emissive layer have appeared as an appealing strategy for this technology. However, removing the functional organic layers of an OLED stack leads to a dramatic decrease of the performance and achieving high‐efficiency blue single‐layer OLEDs requires intense research especially in terms of materials design. Herein, an exhaustive review of blue emitting fluorophores that have been incorporated in single‐layer OLEDs is reported, and the links between their electronic properties and the device performance are discussed. Thus, a structure/properties/device performance relationship map is drawn, which is of interest for the future design of organic materials.
MoS2 Van der Waals p–n Junctions Enabling Highly Selective Room‐Temperature NO2 Sensor
Authors: Zheng Wei , Xu Yongshan , Zheng Lingli , Yang Chen , Pinna Nicola , Liu Xianghong , Zhang Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVan der Waals p–n junctions of 2D materials present great potential for electronic devices due to the fascinating properties at the junction interface. In this work, an efficient gas sensor based on planar 2D van der Waals junctions is reported by stacking n‐type and p‐type atomically thin MoS2 films, which are synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and soft‐chemistry route, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the van der Waals p–n junctions is found to be strongly affected by the exposure to NO2 at room temperature (RT). The MoS2 p–n junction sensor exhibits an outstanding sensitivity and selectivity to NO2 at RT, which are unavailable in sensors based on individual n‐type or p‐type MoS2. The sensitivity of 20 ppm NO2 is improved by 60 times compared to a p‐type MoS2 sensor, and an extremely low limit of detection of 8 ppb is obtained under ultraviolet irradiation. Complete and very fast sensor recovery is achieved within 30 s. These results are superior to most of the previous reports related to NO2 detection. This work establishes an entirely new sensing platform and proves the feasibility of using such materials for the high‐performance detection of gaseous molecules at RT.
Design of Sub‐Nanochannels between Graphene Oxide Sheets via Crown Ether Intercalation to Selectively Regulate Cation Permeation
Authors: Bang Ki Ryuk , Bahamon Daniel , Vega Lourdes F. , Cho Eun Seon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGraphene‐based membranes are a promising candidate for separating pollutants and ions. In particular, graphene oxide (GO) membranes are widely studied due to their unique nanochannels. The characteristic nanochannels of GO membranes can be manipulated via intercalation of cations, inhibiting the transport of other ions in the diffusion process. To maintain the tailored nanochannel during a pressure‐assisted filtration procedure, it is essential to retain such inserted cations. Here, dibenzo‐18‐Crown‐6 molecules (DB18C6) tightly binding to potassium ions are intercalated into GO nanosheets for preventing the leakage of the potassium ions from the nanochannel in the separation process. The complex between potassium ion and DB18C6 forges sub‐nanochannels between GO nanochannels, controlling the salt rejection rate as well as the permeation of water molecules, and selectively inhibiting the transport of Na+ ions compared to the untreated GO membrane. The as‐prepared GO@Crown composite membranes exhibit excellent NaCl rejection rates (up to 60%), water permeance (3.11–8.86 LMH bar−1), and a Na+ rejection rate (up to 62.5%) as well as an outstanding Na2SO4 rejection rate (up to 88%) in the dead‐end filtration process. Molecular dynamics compute the tunable interlayer spacing of GO@Crown composite membranes and the possible configuration of crown ethers between GO layers, supporting the experimental results.
Tuning Nanofillers in In Situ Prepared Polyimide Nanocomposites for High‐Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Ai Ding , Li He , Zhou Yao , Ren Lulu , Han Zhubing , Yao Bin , Zhou Wei , Zhao Ling , Xu Jianmei , Wang Qing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractModern electronics and electrical systems demand efficient operation of dielectric polymer‐based capacitors at high electric fields and elevated temperatures. Here, polyimide (PI) dielectric composites prepared from in situ polymerization in the presence of inorganic nanofillers are reported. The systematic manipulation of the dielectric constant and bandgap of the inorganic fillers, including Al2O3, HfO2, TiO2, and boron nitride nanosheets, reveals the dominant role of the bandgap of the fillers in determining and improving the high‐temperature capacitive performance of the polymer composites, which is very different from the design principle of the dielectric polymer composites operating at ambient temperature. The Al2O3‐ and HfO2‐based PI composites with concomitantly large bandgap and moderate dielectric constants exhibit substantial improvement in the breakdown strength, discharged energy density, and charge–discharge efficiency when compared to the state‐of‐the‐art dielectric polymers. The work provides a design paradigm for high‐performance dielectric polymer nanocomposites for electrical energy storage at elevated temperatures.
Expansion of the phenotype of lateral meningocele syndrome
Authors: Cappuccio Gerarda , Apuzzo Diletta , Alagia Marianna , Torella Annalaura , Pinelli Michele , Franco Brunella , Corrado Bruno , del Giudice Ennio , D'Amico Alessandra , Nigro Vincenzo ,   TUDP, Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLateral meningocele syndrome (LMS) is due to specific pathogenic variants in the last exon of NOTCH3 gene. Besides the lateral meningoceles, this condition presents with dysmorphic features, short stature, congenital heart defects, and feeding difficulties. Here, we report a girl with neurosensorial hearing loss, severe gastroesophageal reflux disease, congenital heart defects, multiple renal cysts, kyphosis and left‐convex scoliosis, dysmorphic features, and mild developmental delay. Exome sequencing detected the previously unreported de novo loss‐of‐function variant in exon 33 of NOTCH3 p.(Lys2137fs). Following the identification of the gene defect, MRI of the brain and spine revealed temporal encephaloceles, inner ears anomalies, multiple spinal lateral meningoceles, and intra‐ and extra‐dural arachnoid spinal cysts. This case illustrates the power of reverse phenotyping to establish clinical diagnosis and expands the spectrum of clinical manifestations related to LMS to include inner ear abnormalities and multi‐cystic kidney disease.
Raising girls and boys in early China: Stable isotope data reveal sex differences in weaning and childhood diets during the eastern Zhou era
Authors: Miller Melanie J. , Dong Yu , Pechenkina Kate , Fan Wenquan , Halcrow Siân E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesUsing stable isotope analysis of incremental dentin segments, we reconstruct breastfeeding, weaning, and childhood dietary patterns of Eastern Zhou period (771–221 BC) individuals from the Central Plains of China. Previous isotopic research on the Eastern Zhou demonstrated dietary difference between male and female diets in adulthood via bone collagen analysis. To understand the development of gendered dietary patterns we must examine the early life period. We aim to identify the timing of the weaning process, whether childhood diets were the same as adulthood diets, and if there were differences between the diets of boys and girls during childhood.Materials and MethodsWe present incremental dentin and bone collagen δ13C and δ15N isotope data from 23 individuals from two Eastern Zhou archaeological sites (Xiyasi 西亚斯and Changxinyuan 畅馨苑).ResultsWeaning was completed between ages 2.5 and 4 years. Females were weaned slightly earlier than males. Early childhood diets show significant incorporation of C3 foods, such as wheat and soybean, for almost all children, while later adulthood diets indicate greater incorporation of C4 foods (millets), particularly for males.DiscussionChildhood diets included greater amounts of C3 foods than expected, suggesting that grains such as wheat may have been adopted in these communities as foods for children. Nevertheless, dietary differentiation between females and males began in childhood, with boys eating more millets (C4 foods) than girls. The findings suggest that feeding children was a significant aspect of socialization and cultural gendering of individuals in ancient China.
Lateralization in seven lemur species when presented with a novel cognitive task
Authors: Batist Carly H. , Mayhew Jessica A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesAsymmetrical behavior patterns are observed in many animal species, but the potential adaptive significance of lateralization and the evolutionary forces driving it remain unclear. Most laterality studies have focused on a single species, which makes interspecies comparisons difficult. The aim of this study was to examine differences in the strength and direction of lateralization in multiple lemur species when engaged in a standardized, novel cognitive task.Materials and MethodsWe assessed laterality in seven lemur species at the Duke Lemur Center when using a novel puzzle‐box. We recorded which hand opened the apparatus door and which hand picked up the food reward. We also recorded whether the mouth was used for either action instead of the hands. We then calculated handedness indices (HI), z‐scores, and mouth‐use rates.ResultsOverall, 62% of individuals were more lateralized than chance. However, within‐genera, there were relatively equal numbers of individuals with a left‐ or right‐hand bias, which resulted in ambipreference at the genus level. The hand a lemur used on its first success in the task predicted its overall HI value, and the strength of lateralization increased as the number of successes increased. Varecia had significantly higher mouth‐use rates than all other genera.DiscussionWe found evidence of an individual learning trajectory in which the hand used on a lemur's first success was canalized as the preferred (and lateralized) hand, in support of the “cognitive simplicity” hypothesis. Individual variability in hand preference was high, which is consistent with previous research. Between‐genera differences in mouth use appear to reflect species‐specific feeding postures and differences in manual dexterity.
Singlet Fission in Carbene‐Derived Diradicaloids
Authors: Ullrich Tobias , Pinter Piermaria , Messelberger Julian , Haines Philipp , Kaur Ramandeep , Hansmann Max M. , Munz Dominik , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerein, we present a new class of singlet fission (SF) materials based on diradicaloids of carbene scaffolds, namely cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs). Our modular approach allows the tuning of two key SF criteria: the steric factor and the diradical character. In turn, we modified the energy landscapes of excited states in a systematic manner to accommodate the needs for SF. We report the first example of intermolecular SF in solution by dimer self‐assembly at cryogenic temperatures.
Chronoamperometry as effective alternative technique for electro‐synthesis of ortho‐phenylendiamine permselective films for biosensor applications
Authors: Monti Patrizia , Bacciu Andrea , Arrigo Paola , Marceddu Salvatore , Migheli Quirico , Serra Pier A. , Rocchitta Gaia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnalyte quantification in first generation electrochemical biosensors is threatened by electro‐active molecules, such as ascorbic acid (AA). Electrochemical deposition of ortho‐phenylendiamine (oPD) on transducer considerably reduces AA interfering. These properties of poly‐oPD (PPD) are influenced by electro‐polymerization conditions. Chronoamperometry (CA) is proposed as an alternative technique for oPD electro‐deposition over Pt. Pt/PPD sensors are evaluated through functional parameters related to AA rejection and analytical performances. N2, O2, and air bubbled supporting electrolyte and several step duration times are used. Best performing CA‐PPD sensor is obtained in N2‐purged phosphate solution containing 300 mM oPD by means of a 1 s step duration/120 steps CA. High performing PPD is achieved in shorter time compared to commonly used constant potential amperometry. Aging of polymeric features and scanning electron microscopy investigations are performed and optimized CA electro‐polymerization conditions are used to build up an efficient interference blocking layer in a glucose oxidase biosensor.
Functional morphology of the jaw adductor muscles in the Canidae
Authors: Penrose Fay , Cox Philip , Kemp Graham , Jeffery Nathan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCranial form is closely allied to diet and feeding behavior in the Canidae, with the force and velocity of jaw‐closing depending on the bony morphology of the skull and mandible, and the mass, architecture, and siting of the jaw adductor muscles. Previously, little has been reported on the details of the form and function of canid jaw adductor muscles, with earlier studies basing functional hypotheses on data derived from dry skull specimens. Here we use empirically derived muscle data from fresh‐frozen specimens to explore the architecture of the muscles, and to inform finite element analyses models that predict bite force and strain energy in 12 species of wild canid. The inclusion of muscle architectural detail is shown to influence masticatory muscle force production capability calculations, indicating that muscles with longer fascicles were disadvantaged compared to muscles with shorter fascicles. No clear patterns of allometry were detected. Dietary groups were differentiated by temporalis fascicle angles, which, when allied with the differentiation of rostral length reported in previous studies, may further contribute to specializations of fast jaw‐closing or forceful jaw‐closing species. The most biomechanically demanding masticatory function is canine biting, and the highest strain energy values were reported in this loading condition, particularly in the zygomatic arches and caudal rostrum. Specific head shapes may be constrained by size, with scaled strain energy models predicting that some bony morphologies may only be viable in species with small body masses.
Effect of Ligand Fields on the Reactivity of O2‐Activating Iron(II)‐Benzilate Complexes of Neutral N5 Donor Ligands
Authors: Bhattacharya Shrabanti , Singh Reena , Paine Tapan Kanti 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThree new iron(II)‐benzilate complexes [(N4Py)FeII(benzilate)]ClO4 (1), [(N4PyMe2)FeII(benzilate)]ClO4 (2) and [(N4PyMe4)FeII(benzilate)]ClO4 (3) of neutral pentadentate nitrogen donor ligands have been isolated and characterized to study their dioxygen reactivity. Single‐crystal X‐ray structures reveal a mononuclear six‐coordinate iron(II) center in each case, where benzilate binds to the iron center in monodentate mode via one carboxylate oxygen. Introduction of methyl groups in the 6‐positions of the pyridine rings makes the N4PyMe2 and N4PyMe4 ligand fields weaker compared to that of the parent N4Py ligand. All the complexes (1–3) react with dioxygen to decarboxylate the coordinated benzilate to benzophenone quantitatively. The decarboxylation is faster for the complex of the more sterically hindered ligand and follows the order 3>2>1. The complexes display oxygen atom transfer reactivity to thioanisole and also exhibit hydrogen atom transfer reactions with substrates containing weak C−H bonds. Based on interception studies with external substrates, labelling experiments and Hammett analysis, a nucleophilic iron(II)‐hydroperoxo species is proposed to form upon two‐electron reductive activation of dioxygen by each iron(II)‐benzilate complex. The nucleophilic oxidants are converted to the corresponding electrophilic iron(IV)‐oxo oxidant upon treatment with a protic acid. The high‐spin iron(II)‐benzilate complex with the weakest ligand field results in the formation of a more reactive iron‐oxygen oxidant.
Mechanically Stable UV‐Crosslinked Polyester‐Polycarbonate Solid Polymer Electrolyte for High‐Temperature Batteries
Authors: Johansson Isabell L. , Brandell Daniel , Mindemark Jonas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDue to the mechanism with which solid polymer electrolytes use to conduct ions, these materials are generally more suitable for high‐temperature applications where the ionic conductivity is sufficient and where liquid electrolytes show insufficient stability. To enable high‐temperature cycling of polymer electrolytes, the mechanical stability has to be improved. Herein, we report successful long‐term cycling of a solid polyester‐polycarbonate – poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐trimethylene carbonate) (poly(CL‐co‐TMC)) – electrolyte cross‐linked through the addition of multifunctional acrylates and the use of UV‐irradiation, allowing stable cycling of cells for more than 100 cycles at 80 °C, with good rate capabilities (0.2 mA cm−2) and Coulombic efficiencies exceeding 99 %. Both the mechanical properties and the ionic conductivity of the mechanically stabilized poly(CL‐co‐TMC) were investigated and optimized to reduce the frequency dependence of the moduli while still achieving an acceptable ionic conductivity at elevated temperature. These results indicate that the poly(CL‐co‐TMC) system can straight‐forwardly be modified to allow for higher‐temperature applications.
The financial trade‐off between the production of biochar and biofuel via pyrolysis under uncertainty
Authors: Frank Jenny R. , Brown Tristan R. , Malmsheimer Robert W. , Volk Timothy A. , Ha HakSoo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is a lack of widespread interest in slow pyrolysis biochar pathways relative to other bioenergy pathways because of the perceived absence of biochar's market value when produced at a commercial scale. Thus, most refereed techno‐economic analyses focus on fast pyrolysis. This study quantifies the carbon price point at which the economic feasibility of the slow‐pyrolysis pathway for biochar production is equal to or greater than a fast‐pyrolysis pathway for biochar and biofuel production using baseline minimum carbon prices (MCP). These factors are then modeled under uncertainty to generate stochastic cash flows for the calculation of a 20‐year net present value and carbon abatement cost probability distributions. This article examines whether a slow‐pyrolysis pathway is ever more financially attractive than a fast‐pyrolysis pathway at realistic carbon prices. The results show fast pyrolysis to fuels and biochar achieving the lowest baseline MCP of $61.38/Mg, while the slow pyrolysis to biochar and methanol at 450 °C scenario yields the highest baseline MCP of $642.40/Mg. A notable result is the baseline MCP for the slow pyrolysis to biochar scenario achieving $123.48/Mg, when compared with the fast pyrolysis to fuels and electricity scenario, resulting in a baseline MCP of $182.03/Mg. The results suggest that carbon prices, when high enough, can incentivize biochar carbon sequestration produced from slow‐pyrolysis pathways rather than carbon abatement with biofuels, and that slow pyrolysis to biochar and methanol scenarios require a higher baseline MCP and are less financially competitive than the other pathways. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
YAP/TAZ: Drivers of Tumor Growth, Metastasis, and Resistance to Therapy
Authors: Thompson Barry J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe transcriptional co‐activators YAP (or YAP1) and TAZ (or WWTR1) are frequently activated during the growth and progression of many solid tumors, including lung, colorectal, breast, pancreatic, and liver carcinomas as well as melanoma and glioma. YAP/TAZ bind to TEAD‐family co‐activators to drive cancer cell survival, proliferation, invasive migration, and metastasis. YAP/TAZ activation may also confer resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy. YAP‐TEAD cooperates with the RAS‐induced AP‐1 (FOS/JUN) transcription factor to drive tumor growth and cooperates with MRTF‐SRF to promote activation of cancer‐associated fibroblasts, matrix stiffening, and metastasis. The key upstream repressor of YAP/TAZ activation is the Hippo (MST1/2‐LATS1/2) pathway and the key upstream activators are mechanically induced Integrin‐SRC and E‐cadherin‐AJUBA/TRIP6/LIMD1, growth factor induced PI3K‐AKT, and inflammation‐induced G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signals, all of which antagonize the Hippo pathway. In this review, strategies to target YAP/TAZ activity in cancer are discussed along with the prospects for synergy with established pillars of cancer therapy.
Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots using chloroplast dispersions as precursors and application for Fe3+ ion sensing
Authors: Ran Yong , Wang Shaoyu , Yin Qianye , Wen Aoli , Peng Xiaoxiao , Long Yunfei , Chen Shu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWater‐soluble carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized using a one‐step hydrothermal treatment of chloroplast dispersions extracted from fresh leaves as a green carbon source. The CD solution showed an emission peak centred at 445 nm when excited at 300 nm. The synthesized CDs were uniform and monodispersed with an average size of 5.6 nm. When adding ferric(III) ions (Fe3+) to the solution of the original CDs, the fluorescence intensity decreased significantly. Based on the linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and concentration of Fe3+ ions, an effective method for rapid, sensitive and selective Fe3+ sensing in aqueous solution could be established. Under optimum conditions, the extent of the fluorescence quenching of prepared CDs strongly depended on the Fe3+ ions over a wide concentration range 1.0–100.0 μM with a detection limit (3σ/k) of 0.3 μM. Furthermore, the quantitative determination of Fe3+ ions in environmental water samples was realized.
Research on the computer‐aided teaching model of the engineering management specialty based on BIM in China
Authors: Li Xingsu , Liao Qiyun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractComputer‐aided technology has been widely introduced and popularized in the construction industry and also provides people with a convenient way of working. As an important computer‐aided means, the Building Information Model can help engineers develop correct understanding and give an efficient response to a variety of building information. Thus, it is of great significance to construct a teaching model based on computer‐aided technology for the Engineering Management Specialty in universities. The training of engineering management professionals should be in the direction of comprehensive ability based on data and information. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, this paper analyzes the factors influencing the teaching model of the BIM‐based Engineering Management Specialty, points out the main problems, and puts forward suggestions.