bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malaria epidemiology and stratification of incidence in the malaria elimination setting in Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Esayas Endashaw , Tufa Asefa , Massebo Fekadu , Ahemed Abdulhamid , Ibrahim Ibssa , Dillu Dereje , Bogale Eyuel Asemahegn , Yared Solomon , Deribe Kebede 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Ethiopia has shown notable progress in reducing the burden of malaria over the past two decades. Because of this progress, the country has shifted efforts from control to elimination of malaria. This study was conducted to analyse the malaria epidemiology and stratification of incidence in the malaria elimination setting in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted to analyse the epidemiology of malaria by reviewing the district health office data from 2013 to 2019 in Harari Region. In addition, three years of sub-district level malaria data were used to stratify the malaria transmission intensity. Malaria interventions (Long-lasting insecticidal nets [LLIN] and indoor residual spraying [IRS]) employed were reviewed to analyse the intervention coverage at the Regional level. Descriptive statistics were used to show the malaria transmission in terms of years, season and species of the malaria parasite. Incidence rate per 1000 population and death rate per 1 000 000 population at risk were computed using the total population of each year.

Results
In the Harari Region, malaria incidence showed a more pronounced declining trend from 2017 to 2019. Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax and mixed infections accounted for 69.2%, 30.6% and 0.2% of the cases, respectively. There was an increment in malaria intervention coverage and improved malaria diagnosis. In the year 2019 the coverage of LLIN and IRS in the Region were 93.4% and 85.1% respectively. The annual malaria incidence rate dropped from 42.9 cases per 1000 population in 2013 to 6.7 cases per 1000 population in 2019. Malaria-related deaths decreased from 4.7 deaths per 1 000 000 people annually in 2013 to zero, and there have been no deaths reported since 2015. The malaria risk appears to be heterogeneous and varies between districts. A higher number of malaria cases were recorded in Erer and Jenella districts, which constitute 62% of the cases in the Region. According to the sub-district level malaria stratification, there was shrinkage in the malaria transmission map and about 70% of the sub-districts have achieved elimination targets.

Conclusions
In the Harari Region, malaria morbidity and mortality have been significantly declined. Thus, if this achievement is sustained and scaling-up of the existing malaria prevention and control strategies by focusing on those populations living in the higher malaria transmission districts and sub-districts, planning of malaria elimination from the study area might be feasible.
A scalable, satellite-transmitted data product for monitoring high-activity events in mobile aquatic animals
Authors: Skubel Rachel A. , Wilson Kenady , Papastamatiou Yannis P. , Verkamp Hannah J. , Sulikowski James A. , Benetti Daniel , Hammerschlag Neil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA growing number of studies are using accelerometers to examine activity level patterns in aquatic animals. However, given the amount of data generated from accelerometers, most of these studies use loggers that archive acceleration data, thus requiring physical recovery of the loggers or acoustic transmission from within a receiver array to obtain the data. These limitations have restricted the duration of tracking (ranging from hours to days) and/or type of species studied (e.g., relatively sessile species or those returning to predictable areas). To address these logistical challenges, we present and test a satellite-transmitted metric for the remote monitoring of changes in activity, measured via a pop-off satellite archival tag (PSAT) with an integrated accelerometer. Along with depth, temperature, and irradiance for geolocation, the PSAT transmits activity data as a time-series (ATS) with a user-programmable resolution. ATS is a count of high-activity events, relative to overall activity/mobility during a summary period. An algorithm is used to identify the high-activity events from accelerometer data and reports the data as a count per time-series interval. Summary statistics describing the data used to identify high-activity events accompany the activity time-series. In this study, we first tested the ATS activity metric through simulating PSAT output from accelerometer data logger archives, comparing ATS to vectorial dynamic body acceleration. Next, we deployed PSATs with ATS under captive conditions with cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Lastly, we deployed seven pop-off satellite archival tags (PSATs) able to collect and transmit ATS in the wild on adult sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus). In the captive trials, we identified both resting and non-resting behavior for species and used logistic regression to compare ATS values with observed activity levels. In captive cobia, ATS was a significant predictor of observed activity levels. For 30-day wild deployments on sandbar sharks, satellites received 57.4–73.2% of the transmitted activity data. Of these ATS datapoints, between 21.9 and 41.2% of records had a concurrent set of temperature, depth, and light measurements. These results suggest that ATS is a practical metric for remotely monitoring and transmitting relative high-activity data in large-bodied aquatic species with variable activity levels, under changing environmental conditions, and across broad spatiotemporal scales.
An observational study of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in women of childbearing age in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Javati Sarah , Masiria Geraldine , Elizah Arthur , Matlam John-Paul , Ford Rebecca , Richmond Peter C. , Lehmann Deborah , Pomat William S. , van den Biggelaar Anita H. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternal immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) may protect young infants in high-risk settings against the high risk of pneumococcal infections in early life. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and immunogenicity of 13-valent PCV (PCV13) in healthy women of childbearing age in PNG.MethodsAs part of this observational study, 50 non-pregnant women of childbearing age (18-45 yrs. old) living in the highlands of PNG were vaccinated with a single dose of PCV13. Local and systemic reactogenicity were assessed 24–48 h after vaccination. Venous blood samples were collected before and 1 month after vaccination to measure PCV13 serotype-specific IgG antibody concentrations.ResultsNo severe adverse effects were reported during the 1-month follow-up period. IgG antibody concentrations significantly increased after vaccination for all PCV13 serotypes. One month after vaccination IgG antibody levels ≥2.5 μg/mL were reached in at least 75% of women for all PCV13 serotypes, except serotype 3, and ≥ 5 μg/mL in at least 75% of women for 7 serotypes (serotypes 6B, 9 V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F and 23F).ConclusionPCV13 is safe and immunogenic in women of childbearing age living in a high-risk setting in PNG. This supports the implementation of studies to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of maternal PCV vaccination in high-risk settings as a strategy to protect infants in these settings against the high risk of pneumococcal infections in early life.Trial registrationNCT04183322. Registered 3 December 2019 - Retrospectively registered
A robust composite wide area control of a DFIG wind energy system for damping inter-area oscillations
Authors: Tummala Ayyarao S. L. V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel composite wide area control of a DFIG wind energy system which combines the Robust Exact Differentiator (RED) and Discontinuous Integral (DI) control to damp out inter-area oscillations. RED generates the real-time differentiation of a relative speed signal in a noisy environment while DI control, an extension to a twisting algorithm and PID control, develops a continuous control signal and hence reduces chattering. The proposed control is robust to disturbances and can enhance the overall stability of the system. The proposed composite sliding mode control is evaluated using a modified benchmark two-area power system model with wind energy integration. Simulation results under various operating scenarios show the efficacy of the proposed approach.
10-Year Comparative Follow-up of Familial versus Multifactorial Chylomicronemia Syndromes
Authors: Belhassen Manon , Van Ganse Eric , Nolin Maeva , Bérard Marjorie , Bada Hanane , Bruckert Eric , Krempf Michel , Rebours Vinciane , Valero René , Moulin Philippe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
The relative incidence of acute pancreatitis, ischemic cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in hyperchylomicronemic patients exhibiting familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) or multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS) is unknown.

Objective
The objective was to study the occurrence of these events in FCS and MCS patients compared with the general population.

Methods
Twenty-nine FCS and 124 MCS patients, with genetic diagnosis, in 4 lipid clinics were matched with 413 controls. Individual hospital data linked to the national claims database were collected between 2006 and 2016. The occurrence of complications was retrospectively assessed before follow-up and during a median follow-up time of 9.8 years, for 1500 patient years of follow-up.

Results
Patients with FCS were younger than those with MCS (34.3 ± 13.6 vs 45.2 ± 12.6 years, P &lt; 0.01). During the study period, 58.6% of the FCS patients versus 19.4% of the MCS patients had at least 1 episode of acute hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (AHP) (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.6; P &lt; 0.01). Conversely, the ischemic risk was lower in FCS than in MCS (HR = 0.3; P = 0.05). The risk of venous thrombosis was similar in both groups. The incidence of diabetes was high in both groups compared with matched controls (odds ratio [OR] = 22.8; P &lt; 0.01 in FCS and OR = 30.3; P &lt; 0.01 in MCS).

Conclusion
The incidence of AHP was much higher in FCS than in MCS patients, whereas the incidence of ischemic cardiovascular events was found to be increased in MCS versus FCS patients and a representative matched control group. Differences in both triglyceride-rich lipoproteins metabolism and comorbidities in MCS versus FCS drive the occurrence of different patterns of complications.
Preliminary observations regarding the expectations, acceptability and satisfaction of whole-body MRI in self-referring asymptomatic subjects
Authors: Busacchio Derna , Mazzocco Ketti , Gandini Sara , Pricolo Paola , Masiero Marianna , Summers Paul Eugene , Pravettoni Grabriella , Petralia Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the satisfaction of asymptomatic subjects who self-referring Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (WB-MRI) for early cancer diagnosis.

Methods:
Subjects completed a pre-examination questionnaire, while waiting for their WB-MRI examination, recording demographics, expected discomfort, perceived knowledge and usefulness of the procedure and health risk perceptions, as well as a post-examination questionnaire, measuring discomfort experienced, acceptability and satisfaction with WB-MRI. We examined which factors influenced discomfort and satisfaction associated with WB-MRI.

Results:
65 asymptomatic subjects (median age 51; 29 females) completed the questionnaire. Before WB-MRI, 29% of subjects expected discomfort of some form with claustrophobia (27.7%) and exam duration (24.6%) being the most common concerns. Experienced discomfort due to shortness of breath was significantly lower than expected. This difference was significantly associated with the personal risk perception to get a disease (p = 0.01) and educational level (p = 0.002). More specifically, higher level of perceived personal risk of getting a disease and lower level of education were associated with higher expected than experienced discomfort. Similarly, experiencing less claustrophobia than expected was significantly associated with gender (p = 0.005) and more pronounced among females. A majority (83%) of subjects expressed high levels of satisfaction with WB-MRI for early cancer diagnosis and judged it more acceptable than other diagnostic exams.

Conclusions:
Asymptomatic subjects self-referring to WB-MRI for early cancer diagnosis showed high levels of satisfaction and acceptability with the examination. Nevertheless, a relevant proportion of participants reported some form of discomfort. Interestingly, participants with higher perceived personal risk to get a disease, lower education and females showed to expect higher discomfort than experienced.

Advances in knowledge:
Scope exists for measures to assess expected feelings and develop personalized interventions to reduce the stress anticipated by individuals deciding to undergo WB-MRI for early cancer diagnosis.
Asthma and its relationship to mitochondrial copy number: Results from the Asthma Translational Genomics Collaborative (ATGC) of the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program
Authors: Cocco Maxwell P. , White Evan , Xiao Shujie , Hu Donglei , Mak Angel , Sleiman Patrick , Yang Mao , Bobbitt Kevin R. , Gui Hongsheng , Levin Albert M. , Hochstadt Samantha , Whitehouse Kyle , Rynkowski Dean , Barczak Andrea J. , Abecasis Gonçalo , Blackwell Thomas W. , Kang Hyun Min , Nickerson Deborah A. , Germer Soren , Ding Jun , Lanfear David E. , Gilliland Frank , Gauderman W. James , Kumar Rajesh , Erle David J. , Martinez Fernando , Hakonarson Hakon , Burchard Esteban G. , Williams L. Keoki 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundMitochondria support critical cellular functions, such as energy production through oxidative phosphorylation, regulation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis.ObjectiveGiven the heightened level of cellular activity in patients with asthma, we sought to determine whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number measured in peripheral blood differed between individuals with and without asthma.MethodsWhole genome sequence data was generated as part of the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program on participants from the Study of Asthma Phenotypes and Pharmacogenomic Interactions by Race-ethnicity (SAPPHIRE) and the Study of African Americans, Asthma, Genes, & Environment II (SAGE II). We restricted our analysis to individuals who self-identified as African American (3,651 asthma cases and 1,344 controls). Mitochondrial copy number was estimated using the sequencing read depth ratio for the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Respiratory complex expression was assessed using RNA-sequencing.ResultsAverage mitochondrial copy number was significantly higher among individuals with asthma when compared with controls (SAPPHIRE: 218.60 vs. 200.47, P<0.001; SAGE II: 235.99 vs. 223.07, P<0.001). Asthma status was significantly associated with mitochondrial copy number after accounting for potential explanatory variables, such as participant age, sex, leukocyte counts, and mitochondrial haplogroup. Despite the consistent relationship between asthma status and mitochondrial copy number, the latter was not associated with time-to-exacerbation or patient-reported asthma control. Mitochondrial respiratory complex gene expression was disproportionately lower in individuals with asthma when compared with individuals without asthma and other protein-encoding genes.ConclusionsWe observed a robust association between asthma and higher mitochondrial copy number. Asthma having an effect on mitochondria function was also supported by lower respiratory complex gene expression in this group.
Implikasi Paham Komunisme dalam Kehidupan Bernegara
Authors: Putra Gilang Rizki Aji 
Published: November 2020

Abstract:Communist ideology that can be used as a comparison to see the weaknesses and weaknesses of other ideologies. A tired communist is a communist in the sense of a non-communist idea or thought in the sense that a radical communist puts forward the ideology of power by putting forward the revolutionary procedure for power. Communists are also an inseparable part of the hustle and bustle of world life. in the power of ideology as an attachment which is always perpetuated and a practice that cannot be abandoned or even bargained with. Idiology is the key to various kinds of movements that lead to being overwhelmed. A little bit of this paper tries to describe the understanding of communism in the historical frame and the ideology of power that can enrich intellectual treasures in the world of science.Keywords: Communism, Idiology, and Karl MarxAbstrak:Idiologi komunis yang dapat dijadikan sebagai perbandingan pada melihat kekurangan serta kelemahan idiologi yanglainnya. Komunisyang capek merupakan komunis pada artian sebuah paham atau pemikiran bukan komunis pada artian komunis radikal yg mengedepankan idiologi kekuasaan dengan mengedepankan tatacara revolusi buatsebuah kekuasaan. Komunis pun bagian yang tak terpisahkan berasal hirukpikuk kehidupan dunia. dalam kekuasaan penguasaan idiologi sebagai pelekat yang selalu dilanggengkan dan amaliah yang takboleh ditinggal bahkan ditawar-tawar. Idiologimenjadi kunci aneka macam gerakan yang berujung dikekusaan. Sekelumittulisan ini berusaha mendeskripsikan pemahaman perihal komunisme dalam bingkai sejarah serta idiologi kekuasaan yang dapat memperkaya khazanah intelektual dalam dunia ilmu pengetahuan.Kata Kunci: Komunisme, Idiologi, dan Karl Marx
Follow-up Blood Cultures in Children With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Cardenas-Comfort Caitlin , Kaplan Sheldon L. , Vallejo Jesus G. , McNeil J. Chase 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:
Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen seen in pediatric bloodstream infections. Currently, no evidence-based recommendations are used to guide decisions on the number of follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) needed to demonstrate infection clearance. Unnecessary cultures increase the risk of false-positives, add to health care costs, and create additional trauma to children and their families. In this study, we examined risk factors for persistent S aureus bacteremia (SAB) and intermittent positive blood cultures (positive cultures obtained after a documented negative FUBC result) to determine the number of FUBCs needed to demonstrate infection clearance in children.

METHODS:
Patients ≤18 years who were hospitalized with SAB at Texas Children’s Hospital in 2018 were reviewed. We assessed the impact of an infectious disease diagnosis (central line–associated bloodstream infection, osteomyelitis, soft tissue infection, endocarditis, etc) and medical comorbidities on bacteremia duration. Patients with intermittent positive blood cultures were studied to determine the characteristics of this group and overall frequency of reversion to positive cultures.

RESULTS:
A total of 122 subjects met the inclusion criteria. The median duration of bacteremia was 1 day (interquartile range: 1–2 days). Only 19 patients (16%) had bacteremia lasting ≥3 days, all of whom had a diagnosis of central line–associated bloodstream infection, osteomyelitis, or endocarditis. Intermittent positive cultures occurred in 5% of patients, with positive cultures after 2 negative FUBC results seen in &lt;1% of patients. Intermittent positive cultures were strongly associated with osteomyelitis and endocarditis.

CONCLUSIONS:
On the basis of our sample of children with SAB, additional blood cultures to document sterility are not necessary after 2 FUBC results are negative in well-appearing patients.
Exploratory-Data and Statistical Analyses of AB070597, an Amino Acid/Peptide Complex, on Blood-Serum Creatinine Concentration and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate: A Non-Randomized Pilot Trial of Five Humans with Declining Renal Function
Authors: ARCHER JAMES 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops from persistent, irremediable loss of renal function (RF). Animal studies show that dietary supplement, AB070597, an amino acid/ peptide complex, can stabilize, and in some instances, reverse CKD. Previous human CKD studies demonstrate that dietary treatment with specific keto acids and amino acids can lower blood-serum creatinine concentration (SCr) and increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This pilot trial was performed to determine whether a future randomized controlled human clinical trial of AB070597’s effect on CKD was justified.
Methods:
The trial was structured as a consecutive case series to evaluate whether oral treatment with AB070597 could slow CKD progression, as gaged by SCr, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Eligibility requirements: Non-diabetic white males under current medical care in the United States, diagnosed with CKD, or with histories of increasing SCr and declining eGFR, resulting from CKD or natural consequence of aging. Exclusion criteria: Concurrent or suspected comorbidities unrelated to CKD. Participants ingested 6-g bi-daily doses of AB070597 for periods up to 24 months. SCr was measured and eGFR calculated at approximate tri-monthly intervals.
Results:
Results were presented as individual-participant and group SCr and eGFR vectors, and initial-data-analysis diagrams.
Treatment reversed SCr slopes from positive to negative, and eGFR slopes from negative to positive. When individual participant’s median monthly eGFR rate-of-change (positive) was compared with the median monthly eGFR rate-of-change (negative) in a sample of 2870 humans with CKD, differences were significant in favor of the AB070597 treatment group in 4 of 5 participants: (P = 0.0625, 95% CI: 0.368-8.368), (P = 0.0313, 95% CI: 0.368-1.038), (P = 0.0039, 95% CI: 0.368-0.698), (P = 0.0010, 95% CI: 0.118-2.868),
(P <0.0001, 95% CI: 0.368-10.370).
Conclusion:
Oral AB070597 treatment produced an apparently favorable change in CKD trajectory in 4 humans and in 1 with naturally age-related declining RF. The magnitude and direction of change hint that treatment may have had a beneficial effect on CKD progression and age-related RF. In and of themselves, this pilot trial’s results seem to favor CKD treatment with AB070597, but because there was no randomization, no control group, and a small sample size , it is not possible to extend results beyond its bounds. They do, however, support the rationale for a future randomized controlled trial
İskeletsel Angle Sınıf III Anomalilerin Tedavisinin Stabilitesine Etki Eden Faktörler
Authors: KALE Oğuzhan , AKSOY Alev , ÖZKAN Merve 
Published: November 2020

Sınıf III maloklüzyonlar tedavi başarısı ve yüksek relaps riski nedeniyle zor anomalilerden biri olarak tanımlanır. Büyüme ve gelişim dönemi içerisinde yapılan sınıf III maloklüzyonların tedavisi aynı dönemde yapılan diğer maloklüzyonların tedavilerine oranla daha zordur. Bunun yanı sıra geç mandibuler büyümeye bağlı olarak tedavi sonuçları olumsuz olarak etkilenebilmektedir. Sınıf III maloklüzyonların tedavilerinin başarılı olması ve stabil kalması, anomalinin dişsel/iskeletsel komponentlerine, anomalinin şiddetine, tedaviye başlama yaşına, tedavi mekaniklerinin etkilerine, büyüme ve gelişimle oluşabilecek değişimlere, hekimin bilgisine ve hastanın işbirliğine bağlıdır. Bu seminerin amacı; dişsel ve iskeletsel sınıf III anomalilerin tedavisinin stabilitesine etki eden faktörleri ve uygulanan tedavilerin uzun dönemde incelendiği güncel çalışmalardan bahsetmektir.