bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and feasibility testing of an AI-powered chatbot for early detection of caregiver burden: protocol for a mixed methods feasibility study
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Bundele Anjali , Yap Amanda , Mukhopadhyay Amartya 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionCaregivers of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) face significant challenges that contribute to caregiver burden, negatively impacting their physical, psychological, social, and financial well-being. With the growing prevalence of chronic diseases and an aging population, there is an urgent need for accessible and scalable solutions to detect and address caregiver burden. Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots using natural language processing (NLP) have shown promise in providing mental health support and monitoring through natural conversations. This study will contribute to research and clinical practice by: (1) validating a novel approach for early detection of caregiver burden through NLP, (2) analyzing the feasibility of AI-powered chatbots for continuous caregiver monitoring, and (3) informing the development of scalable, accessible tools to identify at-risk caregivers.Methods and analysisThis protocol for the mixed methods aims to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of BOTANIC (Burden Observation and Timely Aid for Navigating Informal Caregiving), an AI-powered chatbot for early detection of caregiver burden. A single-center validation study will be conducted at Alexandra Hospital, Singapore. Twenty primary caregivers of ESKD patients will be recruited to use BOTANIC for 12 weeks. BOTANIC, developed using Python and open-source libraries, will integrate with Telegram and utilize advanced NLP techniques to analyze caregiver conversations and detect signs of burden. The NLP algorithm will analyze conversations to generate burden scores at baseline and at 12 weeks. Participants will also complete baseline and 12-week assessments using validated questionnaires including the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Primary outcomes include concordance between caregiver burden levels detected by the NLP algorithm and validated assessment scores at both timepoints. Secondary outcomes include user engagement metrics and system satisfaction. Semi-structured interviews will explore participants’ experiences with the chatbot. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests such as paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, while qualitative data will undergo thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the NHG Domain Specific Review Board. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences, and used to inform the development of larger-scale trials of AI-powered caregiver support interventions.
Association of communication methods and frequency with BMI among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from A-CHILD study
Authors: Owusu Floret Maame , Nawa Nobutoshi , Nishimura Hisaaki , Khin Yu Par , Satomi Doi , Shakagori Shiori , Isumi Aya , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveLittle is known about the differential impact of communication methods and BMI. Hence, this study aims to examine the association of in-person and online communication with BMI among 13–14-year-old students during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study which used data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty study among Junior High School students in Adachi City, Tokyo in 2022(N = 3,178). A questionnaire was used to assess communication methods and frequency. BMI was categorized into overweight and obesity (≥ + 1SD), normal weight (−1SD to &lt;+1SD) and underweight (&lt;−1SD) based on WHO standard. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between communication methods and BMI.ResultsReduced in-person communication frequency was associated with 94% higher risk of overweight and obese (RRR = 1.94, 95%CI; 1.38, 2.72) while increased online communication frequency was associated with 46% increased risk (RRR = 1.46, 95%CI; 1.10, 1.95). When online and in-person communications were adjusted simultaneously, only reduced in-person communication frequency was associated with a high risk of overweight and obese (RRR = 1.56, 95%CI; 1.09, 2.25). When stratified by gender, a similar trend was observed among females (RRR = 2.12, 95%CI; 1.20, 3.73), but not in males.ConclusionReduced in-person communication frequency was associated with higher risk of overweight and obesity, especially among females, during COVID-19 in Japan.
Functional Analysis of the ZmPR5 Gene Related to Resistance Against Fusarium verticillioides in Maize
Authors: Yang Wei , Cai Hongyu , Zhang Yuanqi , Hao Junheng , Ma Yaqi , He Qinxuan , Zhao Kun , Li Honggang , Fang Ayue , Hou Dalong , Ren Xuejiao 
Published: February 2025

In this study, the gene ZmPR5, associated with resistance to ear rot, was identified through transcriptome data analysis of the maize inbred line J1259. The gene was subsequently cloned and its function was investigated. The ZmPR5 gene comprises an open reading frame of 525 base pairs, encoding a protein of 175 amino acids. ZmPR5 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis and the ZmPR5EMS mutant in maize, and they were subjected to q-PCR and measurements of antioxidant enzyme activities (POD, SOD, CAT, MDA), electrical conductivity, and chlorophyll content. The results indicate that the expression of ZmPR5 is up-regulated upon infection by Fusarium verticillioides, with significant differences observed in the activities of POD, SOD, CAT, MDA, electrical conductivity, and chlorophyll content. The study found that ZmPR5 is localized in the nucleus and interacts with Zm00001d020492 (WRKY53) and Zm00001d042140 (glucA). Trypan blue staining revealed that the stained area in the ZmPR5EMS mutant of maize was significantly larger than that in B73. The expression of ZmPR5 is closely associated with resistance to maize ear rot.
Function of Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll Metabolic Pathways in the Floral Sepals Color Formation in Different Hydrangea Cultivars
Authors: Ke Yanguo , Ashraf Umair , Wang Dongdong , Hassan Waseem , Zou Ying , Qi Ying , Zhou Yiwei , Abbas Farhat 
Published: February 2025

Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is distinguished by having sepals instead of real petals, a trait that facilitates color diversity. Floral color is largely predetermined by structural genes linked to anthocyanin production, but the genetic factors determining floral hue in this non-model plant remain unclear. Anthocyanin metabolites, transcriptome, and the CIEL*a*b* hue system were employed to elucidate the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of floral color formation in three hydrangea cultivars: ‘DB’ (deep blue), ‘LB’ (light blue), and ‘GB’ (green blue). UPLC-MS/MS identified 47 metabolites, with delphinidin, cyanidin, malvidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, and peonidin being prominent. Delphinidins were 90% of the primary component in ‘DB’. The dataset identifies 51 and 31 DEGs associated with anthocyanin, flavonoid, and chlorophyll biosynthesis, with CHS, CHI, F3H, F3′5′H, DFR, ANS, BZ1, and 3AT displaying the highest expression in ‘DB’. Notably, DFR (cluster-46471.3) exhibits high expression in ‘DB’ while being down-regulated in ‘LB’ and ‘GB’, correlating with higher anthocyanin levels in floral pigmentation. Comparative analyses of ‘LB’ vs. ‘DB’, ‘DB’ vs. ‘GB’, and ‘LB’ vs. ‘GB’ revealed 460, 490, and 444 differentially expressed TFs, respectively. WRKY, ERF, bHLH, NAC, and AP2/ERF showed the highest expression in ‘DB’, aligning with the color formation and key anthocyanin biosynthesis-related gene expression. The findings reveal the molecular mechanisms behind floral pigmentation variations and lay the groundwork for future hydrangea breeding programs.
Development of Gelatin-Based Renewable Packaging with Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil for Chicken Breast Preservation
Authors: Lima Rene Pereira de , Carrea Daniela de Almeida , Santos Vitor Augusto dos , Tostes Filgueiras Cristina , Matta Fakhouri Farayde , Velasco José Ignacio 
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to develop gelatin-based films incorporating Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (MEO) and assess their application on refrigerated chicken breasts. The results showed that MEO exhibited antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella sp., with inhibition zones of 17 mm and 9 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 10% for P. aeruginosa and 15% for Salmonella sp., demonstrating greater efficacy against P. aeruginosa. The antioxidant analysis using the ABTS method revealed activity of 1309 ± 18.0 μM Trolox/g, while the FRAP method resulted in 446 ± 5.78 μM FeSO4/g. The characterization of the oil by gas chromatography identified major compounds, including 2-carene, γ-terpinene, terpine-4-ol, and α-terpineol. Incorporating the oil into gelatin films resulted in structural changes, such as an increase in thickness (from 0.059 to 0.127 mm) and water vapor permeability. Furthermore, the addition of MEO conferred homogeneous properties to the films with no visible cracks. The incorporation of MEO into gelatin films has shown ABTS antioxidant activity, and FRAP results showed a significant increase with higher MEO concentrations. The packaged samples retained more mass than the control group, which lost about 90% of its weight during storage. Texture analysis revealed only an 8% variation in the Melaleuca-coated samples compared to 19.6% in the control group. These findings indicate that gelatin films containing Melaleuca essential oil effectively improve the shelf life of chicken breasts.
PROTOKOL PERESEPAN LATIHAN FISIK UNTUK PEMULIHAN KEKUATAN OTOT PASIEN GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME: TELAAH LITERATUR
Authors: Permana Gilang Pradipta , Laily Inarota 
Published: February 2025

Pasien Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) fase pemulihan sering mengalami kelemahan otot yang berkepanjangan, yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup. Latihan fisik membantu meningkatkan kekuatan otot, tetapi belum ada rekomendasi protokol untuk latihan fisik pada pasien GBS. Studi ini membahas frekuensi, intensitas, jenis, dan durasi latihan fisik untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot pasien GBS. Penelusuran sistematis dilakukan pada Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase serta hand-searching di Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci “GBS”, “latihan fisik”, dan “kekuatan otot”. Kriteria inklusi adalah terbit tahun 2013-2023, full-text berbahasa Indonesia atau Inggris, subjek pasien GBS yang diintervensi latihan fisik, luaran kekuatan otot dengan desain: controlled trial, case control, case series, dan laporan kasus. Dari pencarian sistematis, terpilih 1 studi dari 18 studi, sedangkan dari metode hand-searching didapatkan 6 artikel, sehingga total 7 studi terpilih. Latihan berjenis kekuatan otot dapat meningkatkan kekuatan otot pasien GBS dan perlu ditunjang oleh latihan kardiorespirasi, latihan berjalan, dan latihan keseimbangan untuk mendukung pemulihan pasien GBS. Frekuensi latihan berkisar antara 2-5 kali per minggu, sementara intensitas latihan bervariasi yang disesuaikan dengan kemampuan pasien. Durasi latihan 20-60 menit, dengan lama intervensi 6 minggu-1 tahun. Hasil didapatkan dari studi-studi terbaru. Namun, kurangnya kelompok kontrol serta ukuran sampel yang relatif kecil (4-30 subjek) menjadi keterbatasan. Terdapat faktor perancu kekuatan otot yang meningkat akibat reinervasi alami. Pasien GBS sebaiknya melakukan jenis latihan kekuatan otot, kardiorespirasi, dan latihan fungsional, dengan frekuensi 2-5 kali per minggu, intensitas ringan-sedang yang dinaikkan secara bertahap, 20-60 menit per sesi dengan lama intervensi 6-12 minggu.
Terapêuticas possíveis para doença arterial obstrutiva periférica: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Luize Léo Morato , Neves Maria Clara Monari , Silva Gabriela Teixeira da , Ramirez Ana Luísa Garcia , Menezes Pedro Otávio Assis , Medeiros Lavínia Barros , Pastrelo Eloisa Stefanin , Peres Lucas Berti , Reis Beatriz Bottoni dos , Assad João Pedro , Oliveira Carolina Kfouri de , Silva Maria Montenegro de Souza e , Cella Pedro Michelão , Nakano Isabella Cristine Febraio , Brauns Giovanna Tolentino , Queiroz Maria Fernanda Chaves , Ferraz Giulia de Bortoli , Brauns Giulia Tolentino 
Published: February 2025

A doença de origem aterosclerótica causadora da obstrução das extremidades, conhecida como doença arterial obstrutiva periférica (DAOP), atinge até 50% dos idosos com 85 anos ou mais. o principal sintoma associado à DAOP é a claudicação, ou seja, sensação de fadiga e dor muscular, principalmente no músculo da panturrilha, induzida por exercício e com melhora ao descanso (Firnhaber, 2019). A isquemia crítica é o quadro mais grave relacionado a DAOP, sendo caracterizado pelo comprometimento vascular avançado, com claudicação mesmo no repouso, úlceras e gangrenas, todos atribuídos à oclusão arterial importante. Dentre as formas de tratamento tanto da DAOP, quanto da isquemia crítica, tem-se o controle de fatores predisponentes de aterosclerose e obstrução arterial, medicações para controle da claudicação e a revascularização endovascular ou cirúrgica, sendo este último o tratamento mais efetivo na atualidade (Elsayed, 2015). O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o tratamento e manejo da DAOP, buscando aprimorar a compreensão acerca das possibilidades na atualidade, com enfoque na terapia de revascularização. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura, a partir da base de dados PUBMED, utilizando descritores e critérios de inclusão e exclusão para selecionar os artigos utilizados para o embasamento deste trabalho. Os resultados demonstraram que os tratamentos mais utilizados e aceitos são as mudanças de estilo de vida e tratamento medicamentoso para controle dos fatores componentes da DAOP, uma vez que são utilizados em todos os pacientes, desde os assintomáticos até os pacientes graves. Além disso, as controvérsias a respeito da abordagem cirúrgica de revascularização ou endovascular ainda permanecem no meio científico. Por um lado encontra-se uma técnica mais antiga e mais estudada, porém com riscos inerentes de terapias invasivas, as cirurgias, enquanto do outro lado encontra-se uma terapia mais segura aparentemente, porém com menos tempo de aplicação e menos estudos com metodologias aplicáveis para elaboração de diretrizes de uso, a endovascular. Assim, é possível concluir que, no que tange ao tratamento da doença arterial obstrutiva periférica, existe maior consenso em terapias menos invasivas, mas para terapias mais invasivas, as quais são indicadas quando as demais saõ insuficientes para tentar manter o fluxo sanguíneo, ainda não há consenso exato considerando os perfis de segurança e prós e contras de cada uma.
Determinants in Selecting Cement Brands
Authors: Anitha T , Maliqjan N , Gopi R 
Published: February 2025

Customers’ preferences for cement brands are influenced by various factors including price, quality, brand image, durability, and availability. However, the relative importance of these factors and their impact on customers’ purchasing decisions are not well-documented. The present study aims to identify the highly preferred cement brand in the study area and to reveal the factors influencing their preference. One hundred fifty respondents were selected to express their opinion by adopting convenience sampling technique it is non probability sampling. The data was analyzed using Simple percentage and Friedman Rank Test. Ramco is identified as highly preferred cement brand in Tiruppur district. Price was the most prioritized factor while Packing was the least factor influencing the preference for cement brands. By maintaining competitive pricing and the value proposition effectively, the companies can strengthen its market and sustain customer loyalty.
Beyond the Surface: Delving Deeper Into Leukoaraiosis With Multivoxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ramesh Ragitha , Subbiah Arunan , Aiyappan Senthilkumar , Ramesh Sabari 
Published: February 2025

Objective: To investigate metabolite changes in patients with leukoaraiosis employing multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with the focus on periventricular white matter and explicate the biochemical alterations associated with leukoaraiosis and their impact on lesion load.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 64 patients with a known history of leukoaraiosis (mean age, 66.40±8.96 years; 54 men and 10 women) referred for magnetic resonance imaging, wherein MRS was performed. For comparison, 128 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals (mean age, 61.98±8.18 years; 40 men and 88 women) who comprised the control group also underwent MRS. We correlated metabolite ratios (NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, and Cho/Cr) analyzed on MRS with lesion load measured by semiautomated software.Results: The NAA/Cr ratio was significantly lower, whereas the NAA/Cho ratio was significantly higher in the control group compared with the patients with leukoaraiosis (P <.0001) . The Cho/Cr ratio was also significantly higher in the controls compared with the patients with leukoaraiosis (P <.0034) . This suggests that patients with leukoaraiosis exhibit significant metabolic differences compared with healthy controls. We observed no correlation between the metabolite ratios and lesion load, which indicates that the degree of white matter hyperintensities is not related to the metabolic changes in leukoaraiosis.Conclusions: This study explicates the understanding of leukoaraiosis and underscores the potential of MRS as a biomarker for early diagnosis of leukoaraiosis.
Clinical Presentation of Acute Appendicitis in Patients With Agenesis of the Vermiform Appendix
Authors: Andreev Alexander A. , Glukhov Alexander A. , Gorlunov Alexander V. , Laptiyova Anastasia Yu. , Ostroushko Anton P. 
Published: February 2025

This article analyzes 10 cases of agenesis of the vermiform appendix with clinical presentation of acute appendicitis. Given that this pathology occurs in 1 of 100000 surgical interventions for acute appendicitis according to the literature, it can be assumed that this number of observations was based on the analysis of the results of 1 million interventions.The article reports clinical (including intraoperative), laboratory, and imaging findings and gives recommendations for detection of agenesis of the vermiform appendix and treatment of abdominal pain syndrome.
Collaboration to Support the Development of Inclusion: Reflections on a Strategic Change Initiative
Authors: Stewart Christopher 
Published: February 2025

Including all children in education is one of the biggest challenges facing global systems (Ainscow, 2023). This paper presents research findings of a strategic change initiative (SCI) that both recognises and addresses the challenges of the inclusion of children with additional support needs (ASN) within the Scottish educational context. In Scotland, pupils learn in both mainstream and specialist provisions. Scottish Government (2023a) data shows year on year trends that more children and young people are being identified with ASN. In the local authority (LA) context presented, data analysis indicates rising referrals and requests from mainstream to specialist provision for pupils with ASN, stressing the challenges of including these learners in mainstream and the dilemmatic nature of placement in learning. Furthermore, recent financial restraints on education budgets in Scotland (The Scotsman, 2024) create further challenges for the inclusion of pupils, as reported by the Educational Institute for Scotland (EIS, 2019)
This study examines the first year of a three-year SCI led by a depute head teacher (researcher) at a Scottish mainstream primary school with a co-located additional learning needs provision. The paper outlines how, in the first year of the SCI, within-school collaboration has enhanced ASN learner inclusion across school settings. Evidence demonstrates that strategic leadership (Johnson, 2013; Quong & Walker, 2010) and practitioner collaboration (Ainscow, 2023; Hargreaves & O’Conner, 2018) have positively impacted learner inclusion and the development of inclusive teaching practices. In the second year, within-school collaboration will continue with an advancement towards between-school collaboration. The objective to fully embed both collaboration models will be achieved in the third year.
The findings suggest that the SCI model is both financially viable and scalable and provides school leaders with a framework that can be replicated locally to address current challenges to inclusion in educational settings.
Self-evaluation for Self and School Improvement: The Development of a Self-Evaluation Strategy Enabling All Staff to Engage with Consistency and Rigour, Bringing a Genuine Basis for Self and School Improvement
Authors: Preston Ali 
Published: February 2025

The National Improvement Framework (NIF)[1] (Scottish Government, 2023) sets out a clear vision for Scottish education based on delivering excellence and equity. Two of the six key drivers identified as being critical for ensuring both individual pupil achievement and whole school improvement are the quality of teaching and the quality of leadership in schools. (Mincu, 2015). Through the researcher’s personal school experience, backed by an understanding of professional literature (Hopkins, 2001) it is clear that a central factor for sustaining change that genuinely achieves teacher and school improvement is a consistent approach to self-evaluation. Effective self-evaluation is fundamental for both the professional development of individual teachers and the improvement of schools (MacBeath & McGlynn, 2002). Recognising this fundamental element of school excellence and coupled with the clear mandate for all staff to engage in self-evaluation (GTCS, 2021) this article outlines a strategic change initiative (SCI)[2] which sought to develop a strategy to enable all staff to engage in self-evaluation with consistency and rigour, bringing a genuine basis for self and school improvement. At an individual level, critical competence in a teacher’s role is being able to scrutinise their own abilities against the requirements outlined in the General Teaching Council Scotland (GTCS) professional standards (2021)[3], making evidence-based judgements on what to develop. To deliver this effectively, self-evaluation needs to be part of a structured framework and established in school practice. Furthermore, assessment needs to lead to action to ensure improvement happens (Stoll, 2009), making evidence-based judgements on how to develop. Overall, development of a structured, timetabled framework for effective self-evaluation provides the basis for meaningful school improvement that delivers for young people.

[1] The National Improvement Framework (NIF) summarises the vision and priorities for Scottish education that have been agreed across the system, and the national improvement activity that needs to be undertaken to help deliver those key priorities.
[2] The Strategic Change Initiative (SCI) is the process undertaken by participants of the National Into Headship programme in Scotland to develop strategic leadership for change.
[3] The GTCS Standard for Full Registration is the benchmark of competence required of all registered teachers in Scotland. This Professional Standard encompasses what it is to be a teacher in Scotland.