bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Shifting Strategy That Reduces the Number of Shifts for Urban Conditions
Authors: Jia-Wei Sheng , Yi-Hui Gu , Jin-Yue Tian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, urban conditions have become the main operating conditions for vehicles. Urban traffic congestion leads to a higher rate of vehicle idle speed and frequent shifts. This paper proposes a new shifting strategy in order to effectively improve the problem of frequent shifting, which is called flexible shift. In view of the fact that the electric vehicle cancels the clutch, shifting is completed directly by the control of the motor during the shifting process. Reducing the number of shifts can effectively reduce wear and increase the life of the transmission, which can be realized by the flexible shift. This paper uses MATLAB to simulate the shifting times of this shift strategy under FTP conditions. The simulation results show that electric vehicles with flexible shifting control strategy can significantly reduce the number of shifts, improve comfort, reduce hardware loss, and do not reduce economic efficiency.
Use of Articulated Transport Systems in the Mining Industry
Authors: Bazhenov E E , Chernyshev D O , Bazhenova L V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The work is devoted to the possibility and prospects of the use of all-wheels drive articulated transport systems in the mining complex. A comparative analysis of the traditional methods of exporting minerals in open pit mining and the method of using active trailed elements are given. The trailer has a load factor several times higher than the same rate for mining dump trucks. The use of an active trailer makes it possible to reduce the mass of the tractor and trailer by almost 40 tons and increase the specific power of the road train.
Development and implementation of a software and hardware complex of the controls automation into the self-driving car system based on the "GAZelle NEXT" vehicle
Authors: Voronin M M , Anisimov P A , Zolotov A V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article describes the stages and the results of automation of the car controls, as part of the self-driving car based o n the light commercial vehicle (LCV) car class. Some aspects of automation of the car equipped with a manual transmission are touched upon. A block diagram of the automation system of the vehicle controls is provided. The variant of integration of modules of controls automation in the base car is shown. The description of the lower level program is given.
Investigation of collision warning possibilities by means of GNSS receivers of Android smartphones
Authors: Kulikov Roman , Chugunov Alexander , Zamolodchikov Vladimir 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Using of raw GNSS measurements in Andoid smartphones for precise mututal positioning of vehicles on a road is considered in the Paper. Field experiments with two moving vehicles and pedestrian were conducted. 15 kinds of general maneuvers were provided (overtaking, turn, oncoming traffic, etc.). Smartphone measurements were logged and post-processed to get mutual positioning estimations during maneuvering. Smartphone estimations were compared with precision GNSS receivers measurements.
Application of systems of telematics on commercial vehicles
Authors: Saleh H M , Nuzhdin R V , Kurochkin S V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The analysis of systems of telematics of commercial transport is provided in article, the factors influencing its application ways of development of the systems "Fleet management" in Russia are offered and also the pilot model of telematic system, more available from the economic point of view, with function of forecasting of technical condition of the rolling stock on the basis of expert system is presented.
Application of assessment techniques of reliability of the designed steering system based on the real one
Authors: Yusupov R.R. , Alexeev A.V. , Yarzhemsky A.D. , Korchazhkin M.G. , Brovkin A.S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper analyses and assesses the designed steering system reliability based on the real one. An analysis of the basic diagram and components’ eventual failures was made. Based on the built structural diagram of the steering the reliability level was estimated. Measures to enhance the system reliability were suggested.
Comparison of the forest machine mover average and nominal pressure on the soil
Authors: Khitrov E G , Andronov A V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between the estimated values of nominal and average wheeled mover pressure on the ground and a rigid bearing surface. Research methods are mathematical analysis, computational experiment, and calculated data approximation. The article presents and compares methods of calculating average mover pressure in deformable soils, medium mover pressure on a rigid base, and nominal pressure on soil. According to the calculations results, it was found that the average mover pressure on firm soils almost corresponds to the estimate of the mover pressure on a rigid base. The nominal pressure is lower than the pressure on the rigid base by 40-50 kPa. The average pressure estimate on moderate soils is close to the nominal pressure. The average pressure on weak soils in the load range of 10-20 kN is close to the nominal pressure, at high values of wheel load the average pressure on the soils category is estimated to be twice less than the nominal pressure of the mover on the soils. It has been established by calculation that the average pressure of the wheeled mover on the deformable forest soils and on a rigid base is connected with the value of the mover nominal pressure on the soils, used by the foreign researchers. The dependences are linear and include correction factors, the values of which are determined by the mover parameters (wheel width and diameter, tyre pressure, and wheel load) and the forest soil category. The received equations allow simplifying the interaction estimates comparison process of forest machine movers on the soils, given within the domestic and foreign techniques limits.
Improvement of car repairability based on the material destruction assessment during its operation
Authors: Kuzmin N.A. , Goncharova D.A. , Pachurin G.V. , Filippov A.A. , Korotunova I.A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Parts and structural elements of vehicles during operation are affected by cyclic loads and various temperatures. At the same time, more than 80% of all types of metal structures destruction are fatigue-like, which leads to huge financial losses, and often to fatal accident. Therefore, issues of improving the reliability and safe operation of automobile parts subjected to cyclic loads in air at different temperatures are important in modern industrial science. That’s why, it is necessary to know the laws of fatigue behavior of structural materials obtained by different types and modes of technological processing in specific operating conditions in order to predict their operational reliability increase.
Changes in the metal during fatigue are directly reflected on the curves of changes in the samples current deflection, since they reflect the antogonism of two mutually opposite processes - hardening and softening, directly related to the processes that occur in the material structure during fatigue.
This article presents the possible analysis of the fatigue failure kinetics of some test structural materials using the curves of the samples current deflection. The assessment of structural materials destruction allows us to choose structural materials for car parts, taking the conditions of its operation, types and modes of its manufacturing technology into account in order to increase its maintainability and service life.
Cactus material-based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals and dyes: a review
Authors: Amari Abdelfattah , Alalwan Basem , Eldirderi Moutaz M , Mnif Wissem , Ben Rebah Faouzi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cactus is cultivated in many regions over the world. Because of its chemical composition and its valuable nutritional and biological characteristics, cactus finds applications in different sectors such as the pharmaceutical and the food industries. Interestingly, cactus materials (cladodes, fruit seeds, peel, etc) have been explored for their probable use as adsorbents for the removal of toxic heavy metals and dyes from wastewater. Various preparations methods were used to produce cactus material-based biosorbents. These biosrbents have been investigated and successfully used for the elimination of both heavy metal and dyes from aqueous solutions. Related results showed very promising pollutant removal efficiency associated with an interesting adsorption capacity similar to other materials from various origins. This paper explores various cactus biosorbents preparations. Furthermore, their efficiency in depollution and factors controlling the adsorption capacity will be discussed.
Respecting and circumventing presidential term limits in sub-Saharan Africa: A comparative survey
Authors: Reyntjens Filip 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article offers a survey of political dynamics surrounding the issue of presidential term limits in a large sample of Sub-Saharan African countries over a long period of time. It examines empirically how political regimes have dealt with this issue by observing or circumventing limits, and it links these developments with the democratic quality in the countries at the time they occurred. Beyond legal texts, this study examines the empirical reality of term limits. It finds that effective term limits are less prevalent in practice than in constitutional texts. This is followed by an analysis of the incumbency bias, showing that incumbents who run often win at the election, but that transfers of power are more frequent in the absence of an incumbent. The article then considers the cost-benefit analyses leaders engage in when deciding to stay or to go, as well as the risks of overstaying. Domestic protest and international pressure generally have a limited impact on this choice. The article finally makes clear that political paths across Africa are very divergent, a feature also seen in the longevity of presidents.
Tradition in transformation: the classical curriculum in the colonial and early national American college
Authors: Fisher Gary F 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNarratives of decline dominate histories of classical education. Changes or developments in the way classics have been taught are commonly understood in terms of the supposedly inexorable decline of classical learning. The American colleges at the end of the eighteenth century are subject to the same interpretation. After the Revolution, the colleges and their classics-oriented curriculum were subject to new pressures to reform the education they offered to better reflect the values of the new nation. These calls for reform are commonly understood as attacks on the classics that sought to diminish their role in, or even remove them from, the college curriculum. This essay will subject materials such as entrance requirements, curricula, and reformist literature to a critical re-reading. Rather than examining the extent to which the position of the classics diminished relative to other subjects during this period, it will show how the content of the classical curriculum was reformed and refined to better realize its pedagogical potential and ensure its relevance to the changing needs of students.
Comment on: Incidence of Adverse Psychiatric Events During the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease With Biologic Therapies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salwen-Deremer Jessica K , Speed Brittany C 
Published: December 2019

Lay Summary
In this article, we comment on work by Jain and colleagues. They found that there are very few instances of increased anxiety and depression in drug trials for IBD. We believe these rates are likely higher and discuss supporting literature.
Impact of Diflubenzuron on Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Microcolony Development
Authors: Camp A A , Batres M A , Williams W C , Lehmann D M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Reliance on the honey bee as a surrogate organism for risk assessment performed on other bees is widely challenged due to differences in phenology, life history, and sensitivity to pesticides between bee species. Consequently, there is a need to develop validated methods for assessing toxicity in non-Apis bees including bumble bees. The usefulness of small-scale, queenless colonies, termed microcolonies, has not been fully investigated for hazard assessment. Using the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron as a reference toxicant, we monitored microcolony development from egg laying to drone emergence using the Eastern bumble bee Bombus impatiens (C.), a non-Apis species native to North America. Microcolonies were monitored following dietary exposure to diflubenzuron (nominal concentrations: 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 µg/liter). Microcolony syrup and pollen consumption was significantly reduced by diflubenzuron exposure. Pupal cell production was also significantly decreased at the highest diflubenzuron concentration assessed. Ultimately, diflubenzuron inhibited drone production in a concentration-dependent manner and a 42-d 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined. None of the dietary concentrations of diflubenzuron tested affected adult worker survival, or average drone weight. These data strengthen the foundation for use of this methodology, and provide valuable information for B. impatiens; however, more work is required to better understand the utility of the bumble bee microcolony model for pesticide hazard assessment.
Real-time image-guided electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy dual-marker technique to localize deep pulmonary nodules in a hybrid operating room
Authors: Cheng Chuan , Fang Hsin-Yueh , Wen Chih-Tsung , Chao Yin-Kai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Herein, we describe a Dyna-computed tomography-guided electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy technique aimed at localizing deep pulmonary nodules. The method was implemented in a hybrid operating room and required the use of 2 markers (a near-infrared dye as a surface marker and a microcoil as a deep marker).
Naturally Derived Polyphenols Protect Against Corticosterone-Induced Changes in Primary Cortical Neurons
Authors: Donoso Francisco , Ramírez Valerie T , Golubeva Anna V , Moloney Gerard M , Stanton Catherine , Dinan Timothy G , Cryan John F 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPolyphenols are phytochemicals that have been associated with therapeutic effects in stress-related disorders. Indeed, studies suggest that polyphenols exert significant neuroprotection against multiple neuronal injuries, including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, but the mechanisms are unclear. Evidence indicates that polyphenol neuroprotection may be mediated by activation of Nrf2, a transcription factor associated with antioxidant and cell survival responses. On the other hand, in stress-linked disorders, Fkbp5 is a novel molecular target for treatment because of its capacity to regulate glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity. However, it is not clear the role Fkbp5 plays in polyphenol-mediated stress modulation. In this study, the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of the naturally derived polyphenols xanthohumol and quercetin against cytotoxicity induced by corticosterone were investigated in primary cortical cells.MethodsPrimary cortical cells containing both neurons and astrocytes were pre-incubated with different concentrations of quercetin and xanthohumol to examine the neuroprotective effects of polyphenols on cell viability, morphology, and gene expression following corticosterone insult.ResultsBoth polyphenols tested prevented the reduction of cell viability and alterations of neuronal/astrocytic numbers due to corticosterone exposure. Basal levels of Bdnf mRNA were also decreased after corticosterone insult; however, this was reversed by both polyphenol treatments. Interestingly, the Nrf2 inhibitor blocked xanthohumol but not quercetin-mediated neuroprotection. In contrast, we found that Fkbp5 expression is exclusively modulated by quercetin.ConclusionsThese results suggest that naturally derived polyphenols protect cortical cells against corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity and enhance cell survival via modulation of the Nrf2 pathway and expression of Fkbp5.
Quadratic Chabauty and Rational Points II: Generalised Height Functions on Selmer Varieties
Authors: Balakrishnan Jennifer S , Dogra Netan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe give new instances where Chabauty–Kim sets can be proved to be finite, by developing a notion of “generalised height functions” on Selmer varieties. We also explain how to compute these generalised heights in terms of iterated integrals and give the 1st explicit nonabelian Chabauty result for a curve $X/\mathbb{Q}$ whose Jacobian has Mordell–Weil rank larger than its genus.
Histidine 131 in presenilin 1 is the pH-sensitive residue that causes the increase in Aβ42 level in acidic pH
Authors: Cai Tetsuo , Hatano Aki , Kanatsu Kunihiko , Tomita Taisuke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. The pathological hallmark of AD is the presence of senile plaques in the brain, which are accumulations of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) ending at the 42nd residue (i.e. Aβ42), which is produced through multistep cleavage by γ-secretase. Thus, methods to regulate γ-secretase activity to attenuate the production of Aβ42 are in urgent demand towards the development of treatments for AD. We and others have demonstrated that γ-secretase activity is affected by its localization and ambient environment. In particular, an increase in Aβ42 production is correlated with the intracellular transport of γ-secretase and endosomal maturation-dependent luminal acidification. In this study, we focused on the mechanism by which γ-secretase affects Aβ42 production together with alterations in pH. Histidine is known to function as a pH sensor in many proteins, to regulate their activities through the protonation state of the imidazole side chain. Among the histidines facing the luminal side of presenilin (PS) 1, which is the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, point mutations at H131 had no effect on the Aβ42 production ratio in an acidic environment. We also observed an increase in Aβ42 ratio when histidine was introduced into N137 of PS2, which is the corresponding residue of H131 in PS1. These results indicated that H131 serves as the pH sensor in PS1, which contains γ-secretase, to regulate Aβ42 production depending on the luminal pH. Our findings provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for AD targeting endosomes or the intracellular transport of γ-secretase.
Treatment of Breast Fibroadenoma with Ultrasound-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Brenin David R , Patrie James , Nguyen Jonathan , Rochman Carrie M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
Breast fibroadenomas (FAs) are common, benign, and often bothersome. Current management includes observation or surgical excision. This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for the treatment of FAs.

Methods
Twenty women with a palpable, biopsy-confirmed FA were enrolled in a prospective trial, and they underwent treatment utilizing an ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation device. Tumors were greater than 1 cm in diameter, with volumes of 0.3–10 cc. Safety, treatment experience, toxicity, cosmesis, and change in tumor size on palpation and ultrasound measurement were obtained before and after treatment at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results
All of the 20 patients completed therapy. Pretreatment mean tumor volume was 1.8 cc (standard deviation = 1.23, range 0.57–5.7). Half of the patients reported a painful mass before treatment. All adverse events were well tolerated and transient, with the most common being mild pain, reported by 15 of 20 patients during treatment, and 14 of 20 at the day-7 postprocedure follow-up. Mean pain score during treatment was 16, and at day 7, it was 12.2, on a scale from 0 to 100 (100 = worst pain). Mean patient satisfaction was 4.4 on a scale of 1–5 (5 = most satisfied). Mean likelihood of recommending treatment was 4.7 (5 = most likely). At the 12-month postprocedure follow-up, the mean reduction in volume of the FA was 65.5% on ultrasound; the mass was no longer palpable in 80% of the patients; no patients reported pain; and cosmesis was rated as excellent in all patients.

Conclusion
Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation appears to be effective, safe, and well tolerated for the treatment of FAs. A larger multicenter clinical trial is currently under way.
Using the SEER-Medicare Data to Assess Incident Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Bladder Cancer Cases Missed by Cancer Registries
Authors: Lam Clara J K , Warren Joan L , Nielsen Matthew , Smith Angela , Boyd Eric , Barrett Michael J , Mariotto Angela B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The growing use of oral systemic therapies and transition of some cancer treatments to the outpatient setting makes capturing all cancer case patients more difficult. We aim to develop algorithms to identify potentially missed incident case patients and estimate impact on incidence rates. We reviewed claims from SEER-Medicare 5% noncancer control patient sample to identify potentially missed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and bladder case patients based on diagnosis codes, cancer-related treatments, and oncology consultations. Observed rates of definite missed CML and definite and probable missed bladder case patients were calculated and the impact of missed case patients of these two cancers on SEER 65+ incidence rates were estimated. From 2008 to 2015, the algorithm estimated 781 definite CML case patients missed, increasing the number by 10.7%. From 2007 to 2015, the algorithm estimated 4629 definite and 5772 probable bladder case patients missed, increasing the number by 3.8% to 8.1%. Our algorithms offer potential methods for identifying missed case patients and validating the completeness of cancer registries.
Chronic Graft Versus Host Myopathies: Noninflammatory, Multi-Tissue Pathology With Glycosylation Disorders
Authors: Pestronk Alan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Myopathies during chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) are syndromes for which tissue targets and mechanisms of muscle damage remain incompletely defined. This study reviewed, and pathologically analyzed, 14 cGvHD myopathies, comparing myopathology to other immune myopathies. Clinical features in cGvHD myopathy included symmetric, proximal weakness, associated skin, gastrointestinal and lung disorders, a high serum aldolase (77%), and a 38% 2-year survival. Muscle showed noninflammatory pathology involving all 3 tissue components. Perimysial connective tissue had damaged structure and histiocytic cells. Vessel pathology included capillary loss, and reduced α-l-fucosyl and chondroitin sulfate moieties on endothelial cells. Muscle fibers often had surface pathology. Posttranslational glycosylation moieties on α-dystroglycan had reduced staining and abnormal distribution in 86%. Chondroitin-SO4 was reduced in 50%, a subgroup with 3-fold longer times from transplant to myopathy, and more distal weakness. cGvHD myopathies have noninflammatory pathology involving all 3 tissue components in muscle, connective tissue, small vessels, and myofibers. Abnormal cell surface glycosylation moieties are common in cGvHD myopathies, distinguishing them from other immune myopathies. This is the first report of molecular classes that may be immune targets in cGvHD. Disordered cell surface glycosylation moieties could produce disease-related tissue and cell damage, and be biomarkers for cGvHD features and activity.