bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occludin degradation makes brain microvascular endothelial cells more vulnerable to reperfusion injury in vitro
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Li Xiaofeng , Qiao Shanshan , Yang Dexin , Li Zongyang , Xu Ji , Li Weiping , Su Li , Liu Wenlan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous complication in tPA thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke, which occurs as a consequence of endothelial cell death at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) during thrombolytic reperfusion. We have previously shown that cerebral ischemia‐induced rapid occludin degradation and BBB disruption. Here we demonstrated an important role of occludin degradation in facilitating the evolution of ischemic endothelial cells toward death. Cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells) were exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) or incubated with occludin siRNA or occludin AAV to achieve an occludin deficiency or over‐expression status before exposing to reoxygenation (R) or TNF‐α treatment. Cell death was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, TUNEL staining, and flow cytometry analysis. Inhibition of OGD‐induced occludin degradation with SB‐3CT or over‐expression of occludin with occludin AAV both significantly attenuated OGD/R‐induced apoptosis and pyroptosis in bEnd.3 cells. Consistently, knockdown of occludin with siRNA potentiated TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis, supporting an important role of occludin integrity in endothelial cell survival. Similar results were observed for pyroptosis, in which occludin knockdown with siRNA led to a significant augmentation of cytokines secretion, inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis occurrence in TNF‐α‐treated bEnd.3 cells. Lastly, up‐regulation of c‐Yes, PI3K/AKT, and ERK concurrently occurred with occludin degradation after OGD/R or TNF‐α treatment, and the level of these proteins were further increased when inhibition of occludin degradation or over‐expression of occludin. These data indicate that occludin degradation inflicted during ischemia makes BBB endothelial cells more vulnerable to reperfusion‐associated stress stimuli.
image
GRADING JOURNALS IN ECONOMICS: THE ABCS OF THE ABDC
Authors: Hirschberg Joseph Gerald , Lye Jeanette Ngaire 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany institutions and governments grade academic journals for the evaluation of research. In this paper, we implement a multi‐bibliometric methodology for the evaluation of such a list of journal grades. We examine the grades assigned by the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) for over 750 journals in the fields of economics and statistics.Firstly, we generate up to 48 bibliometric‐based grades for each journal based on the grade distribution implied by the ABDC. Secondly, we categorize the bibliometrics employing a cluster analysis of an interrater agreement statistic. Thirdly, we present a visualization of the consistency of the grading by journal. Finally, we list those journals where the majority of the matched bibliometrics indicate a higher or lower grade than their ABDC grade.
Imaging of orofacial pain
Authors: Whyte Andy , Matias Marie Anne Teresa J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOrofacial pain is a common complaint, with an estimated 75% of cases caused by dental disease, specifically a diseased pulp. A small percentage of orofacial pain cases will require specialist referral most commonly to oral medicine specialists or oral and maxillofacial surgeons from a dental perspective, or otolaryngologists or neurologists from a medical perspective.Imaging modalitiesFollowing a thorough history and clinical examination, imaging is often required to narrow the differential diagnosis or answer a specific query related to the final diagnosis. A range of imaging modalities can be used to evaluate orofacial pain including dental panoramic tomography (DPT), intraoral radiographs, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine.Imaging protocolsThis paper provides a guideline outlining imaging protocols for categories of facial pain divided into: (a) unilateral odontalgia; (b) unilateral facial pain; (c) combined unilateral odontalgia and facial pain; (d) trigeminal neuralgia; (e) trigeminal neuropathic pain with or without other sensory, autonomic or motor features; (f) temporomandibular joint disorders and associated pain; (g) referred pain and (h) non‐specific orofacial pain.ConclusionImaging for orofacial pain should be tailored to answer a specific query related to the aetiology of the reported pain. This should result in a specific diagnosis or narrowing of the differential diagnosis as possible causes of orofacial pain are eliminated. Choosing the correct imaging modality and protocol based on the pain category is important for efficient and effective pain diagnosis and management.
Dietary supplementation with grape seed extract prevents development of trigeminal sensitization and inhibits pain signaling in a preclinical chronic temporomandibular disorder model
Authors: Cornelison Lauren E. , Chelliboina Neelima , Woodman Sara E. , Durham Paul L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe risk factors neck muscle tension, prolonged jaw opening, and female gender are associated with developing temporomandibular disorders (TMD), which are characterized by persistent sensitization of trigeminal neurons and enhanced pain signaling. Dietary supplementation with a grape seed extract (GSE) can modulate expression of proteins that decrease neuronal excitability and trigeminal sensitization.MethodsMechanical nocifensive thresholds over the masseter were determined using von Frey filaments in male and female adult Sprague Dawley rats. To promote trigeminal sensitization, animals were injected with complete Freund’s adjuvant in the upper trapezius. After 8 days, animals were subjected to near maximal jaw opening and head withdrawal responses were determined for 28 days. Some animals received continuous supplementation with 0.5% GSE in their drinking water two weeks prior to trapezius injections.ResultsProlonged jaw opening increased the average number of nocifensive responses to mechanical stimuli for 14 days in males and females. However, trapezius inflammation prior to jaw opening promoted persistent mechanical sensitivity up to 28 days post‐jaw opening in females, while in males nociceptive levels were still elevated at day 21. Supplementation with GSE, which is enriched in polyphenols and exhibits antioxidant and COX‐2 activity, inhibited trigeminal nociception in response to jaw opening in both male and female sensitized animals.ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence that multiple risk factors contribute to the development of a prolonged state of trigeminal sensitization that is more severe in females and provide preclinical evidence that supplementation with GSE could be beneficial in the management of TMD.
Experimental muscle pain and music, do they interact?
Authors: Ernberg Malin , Al‐Khdhairi Dina , Shkola Kseniya , Louca Jounger Sofia , Christidis Nikolaos 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundMusic is used to evoke audio analgesia during dental procedures, but it is unknown if experimental pain and music interact. This study aimed to explore the multisensory interaction between contrasting types of music and experimentally induced muscle pain.MethodsIn 20 healthy women, 0.3 mL sterile hypertonic saline (5.8%) was injected into the masseter muscle during three sessions while contrasting music (classical and black metal) or no music was played in the background. Pain intensity was assessed every 15 seconds with a 0‐100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) until pain subsided. Pain spread (pain drawings), unpleasantness (VAS), anxiety (VAS), and pain quality (McGill Questionnaire) were assessed after the last pain assessment.ResultsPain of high intensity was evoked at all sessions with a median (interquartile range) peak pain intensity of 78 (30) in the black metal music, 86 (39) in the classical music, and 77 (30) in the control session. The pain duration was 142 (150) seconds in the black metal music, 135 (150) seconds in the classical music, and 135 (172) seconds in the control session. The corresponding pain‐drawing areas were 42 (52), 37 (36), and 44 (34), arbitrary units respectively. There were no differences in any of these variables (Friedman's test; P´s > .368), or in unpleasantness, anxiety, or pain quality between sessions (P´s > .095).ConclusionsExperimentally induced muscle pain does not seem to be influenced by contrasting types of background music. Further studies exploring the multisensory integration between music and experimental muscle pain are needed.
Population biology of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), in Lake Naivasha, Kenya
Authors: Mutethya Eunice , Yongo Edwine , Laurent Cishahayo , Waithaka Edna , Lomodei Evans 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an exotic fish, being one of the commercially important species in Lake Naivasha. The present study investigated its growth, mortality, maturity, condition and exploitation. Sampling was done monthly from January to December 2017 with gillnets of 2–5 inches mesh size. Each individual fish was measured (cm) and weighed (g) in the field. The specimens were preserved in ice and transported to the laboratory for analysis of maturity. The fish lengths ranged from 12.0 to 69.0 cm TL, and weighed between 32 and 6,840 g. The overall population sex ratio was 1:1.66 (female:male). The length at first maturity (Lm50) was calculated to be 54.0 and 49.0 cm for females and males, respectively. The length at first capture (23.9 cm) was lower than its length at first maturity, suggesting the capture of immature fish. The mean condition factor for all fish was 1.05. The peak condition values were observed during April (1.35), September (1.59) and October (1.80). The highest (1.377) mean condition was observed for size class 56–60 and the lowest (0.933) in class 26–30. The asymptotic length (L∞) was 73.5 cm, and the growth curvature (K) was 1.05 year‐1, with a growth performance index (Ф) of 3.72. The total (Z), natural (M) and fishing (F) mortality coefficients were 2.85, 1.34 and 1.78 year‐1, respectively. The exploitation rate (E) of 0.57 year‐1 was higher than the optimum sustainable yield (E0.5) of 0.32, but was not different from the maximum sustainable yields (Emax) 0.54 and economic yield (E0.1) 0.46. The results of the present study provide parameters of fish biology and population that should prove useful in managing the fishery of Lake Naivasha.
Case report of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐positive encephalitis mimicking hemiplegic migraine
Authors: Matoba Shun , Inoue Manabu , Morihata Hirokazu , Takeshima Takao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEven though symptoms are important in the diagnosis of hemiplegic migraine, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐positive benign unilateral cortical encephalitis shows unique progress and findings on magnetic resonance imaging. We encountered a case of hemiplegic migraine showing cortical hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging, and positive results for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody. A certain proportion of patients diagnosed with hemiplegic migraine appear to show myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐positive benign unilateral cortical encephalitis.
Abscisic acid and hydrogen peroxide are involved in drought priming‐induced drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Wang X. , Zhang J. , Song J. , Huang M. , Cai J. , Zhou Q. , Dai T. , Jiang D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Drought is one of the major stress factors in wheat production on a global scale. Drought priming during the early growth stage can enhance drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are important signal molecules in the adaptation of plants to drought stress. However, the roles of ABA and H2O2 in drought priming‐induced drought tolerance are not clear.

In the present study, we evaluated the responses of wheat to an ABA inhibitor, H2O2 scavenger and an inhibitor to investigate the (i) relationship between ABA and H2O2 in osmotic adjustment after drought priming in the vegetative stage and (ii) responses to drought stress during grain filling.

In the drought priming alone treatments, chemical application resulted in the scavenging of ABA and H2O2, weakening the alleviation effects of drought priming on drought stress, as demonstrated by the lower leaf water potential and grain yield. The ABA inhibitor completely inhibited accumulation of ABA and H2O2; the ABA inhibitor inhibited respiratory burst oxidase homologue expression, whereas the H2O2 inhibitor resulted in higher 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase expression and ABA concentration in primed plants, indicating that ABA scavenging inhibited H2O2 biosynthesis while H2O2 scavenging did not inhibit ABA biosynthesis. The results further demonstrated that NADPH oxidase‐mediated H2O2 production functions downstream of ABA, which induces osmolyte transcript expression and accumulation, and thus contributes to drought priming‐induced stress tolerance.

These results provide a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in drought priming‐induced tolerance in wheat plants.
Analysis of Colletotrichum musae populations from Brazil reveals the presence of isolates with high competitive ability and reduced sensitivity to postharvest fungicides
Authors: Leite Iris C. H. L. , Silva Renata A. , Santos José E. C. C. , Freitas‐Lopes Rejane L. , Câmara Marcos P. S. , Michereff Sami J. , Lopes Ueder P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, the sensitivity of 218 isolates of Colletotrichum musae to imazalil and thiabendazole was evaluated, as well the fitness and competitive ability of less sensitive isolates. There was a positive correlation between the sensitivity to the two fungicides, but the isolates were more sensitive to imazalil. The estimated effective concentration of the fungicide able to inhibit mycelial growth by 50% (EC50) was used to select four isolates with the lowest and the highest values for both fungicides, which were considered as sensitive (S) and less sensitive (LS), respectively. The level of sensitivity was maintained after 10 successive transfers on fungicide‐free medium. Both fungicides were effective in controlling the disease caused by S isolates of C. musae in detached banana fruit when recommended doses were used. However, only imazalil was able to control the disease caused by LS isolates. For both fungicides, analysis of fitness‐related variables (mycelial growth, sporulation, germination, and virulence) showed no difference between the groups of S and LS isolates, but a large variation was observed within the group. The LS isolates to thiabendazole that showed a mutation (F200Y) in the β‐tubulin gene did not have fitness penalties. Our results allow a better understanding of the sensitivity and fitness of isolates of C. musae from Brazil, and demonstrate the importance of periodic monitoring to determine the frequency of LS isolates in populations, aiming at more effective management of anthracnose in banana orchards in Brazil.
Income Inequality and Opioid Prescribing Rates: Exploring Rural/Urban Differences in Pathways via Residential Stability and Social Isolation
Authors: Yang Tse‐Chuan , Kim Seulki , Shoff Carla 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile opioid prescribing rates have drawn researchers' attention, little is known about the mechanisms through which income inequality affects opioid prescribing rates and even less focuses on whether there is a rural/urban difference in mediating pathways. Applying mediation analysis techniques to a unique ZIP code level dataset from several sources maintained by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, we explicitly examine two mechanisms through residential stability and social isolation by rural/urban status and find that (1) income inequality is not directly related to opioid prescribing rates, but it exerts its influence on opioid prescribing via poor residential stability and elevated social isolation; (2) social isolation accounts for two‐thirds of the mediating effect of income inequality on opioid prescribing rates among urban ZIP codes, but the proportion halves among rural ZIP codes; (3) residential stability plays a larger role in understanding how income inequality matters in rural than in urban ZIP codes; and (4) beneficiary characteristics only matter in urban ZIP codes. These findings offer nuanced insight into how income inequality affects opioid prescribing rates and suggests that the determinants of opioid prescribing rates vary by rural/urban status. Future research may benefit from identifying place‐specific factors for opioid prescribing rates.
Adolescent Fertility Is Lower than Expected in Rural Areas: Results from 10 African HDSS
Authors: Rossier Clémentine , Schoumaker Bruno , Delaunay Valérie , Beguy Donatien , Jain Aparna , Bangha Martin , Aregay Alemseged , Beck Baptiste , Derra Karim , Millogo Modeste , Dube Albert Nkhata , Siaka Kone , Wamukoya Marylene , Zabre Pascal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe adolescent birth rate (ABR) is an important indicator of maternal health, adolescent sexual health, and gender equity; it remains high in sub‐Saharan Africa. While Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are the main source of ABR estimates, Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) also produce ABRs. Studies are lacking, however, to assess the ease of access and accuracy of HDSS ABR measures. In this paper, we use birth and exposure data from 10 HDSS in six African countries to compute local ABRs and compare these rates to DHS regional rates where the HDSS sites are located, standardizing by education and place of residence. In rural HDSS sites, the ABR measure is on average 44 percent lower than the DHS measure, after controlling for education and place of residence. Strong temporary migration of childless young women out of rural areas and different capacities in capturing temporarily absent women in the DHS and HDSS could explain this discrepancy. Further comparisons based on more strictly similar populations and measures seem warranted.
Non‐Accidental Knowing
Authors: Paterson Niall J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKnowledge excludes luck. According to the received view, this intuition reveals that knowing is essentially modal in character. This paper demurs. Either knowledge does not exclude luck, or the entailment reveals nothing about its conceptual character. It is argued that knowledge excludesaccidentality, and that this notion is not modal but causal‐explanatory. There are three central tasks. The first is to explicate the concept of accident. The second is to argue that the concepts of luck and accident are “intensionally distinct,” which is to say that no member of the intension of either holds on both. The third is to argue that an anti‐accident requirement on knowledge is preferable to an anti‐luck analogue on abductive grounds.
Changing Grocery Shopping Behaviours Among Chinese Consumers At The Outset Of The COVID‐19 Outbreak
Authors: Li Junxiong , Hallsworth Alan G. , Coca‐Stefaniak J. Andres 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the embryonic stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic in China, where most people affected opted to abide by the Chinese government’s national self‐quarantine campaign. This resulted in major disruptions to one of the most common market processes in retail: food retailing. The research adopts the theory of planned behaviour to provide early empirical insights into changes in consumer behaviour related to food purchases during the initial stages of the COVID‐19 outbreak in China. Data from the online survey carried out suggest that the outbreak triggered considerable levels of switching behaviours among customers, with farmers’ markets losing most of their customers, while local small independent retailers experienced the highest levels of resilience in terms of customer retention. This study suggests avenues for further scholarly research and policy making related to the impact this behaviour may be having around the world on society’s more vulnerable groups, particularly the elderly.
Marketplaces as Public Spaces in Times of The Covid‐19 Coronavirus Outbreak: First Reflections
Authors: van Eck Emil , van Melik Rianne , Schapendonk Joris 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMarketplaces are regarded as quintessential public spaces, providing not only access to fresh produce but also functioning as important social infrastructures. However, many marketplaces closed down or changed fundamentally in response to the COVID‐19 coronavirus outbreak. In this paper, we reflect on the effects of the crisis on Dutch marketplaces from two interdependent analytical levels. From a ground level, we illustrate their ‘temporary death’ as public spaces and reflect on their changing social dynamics. From an organisational level, we analyse traders’ responses to the institutional measures taken to combat the crisis. Combining pre‐corona, in‐situ research with (social) media analysis, we show how a variegated institutional landscape of market regulation emerged. Whereas some markets closed down, others remained open in a highly regulated manner; representing merely economic infrastructures. Our first reflections lead to new avenues to explore how the COVID‐19 crisis affects the everyday geographies of public space.
Emergency‐release blood transfusions after postpartum hemorrhage at the Intermountain Healthcare hospitals
Authors: Hulse Whitley , Bahr Timothy M. , Morris David S. , Richards Douglas S. , Ilstrup Sarah J. , Christensen Robert D. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDMost low‐risk obstetric patients do not have crossmatched blood available to treat unexpected postpartum hemorrhage. An emergency‐release blood transfusion (ERBT) program is critical for hospitals with obstetrical services. We performed a retrospective analysis of obstetrical ERBTs administered in our multihospital system.DESIGN AND METHODSWe collected data from the past 8 years at all Intermountain Healthcare hospitals on every ERBT after postpartum hemorrhage; logging circumstances, number and type of transfused products, and outcomes.RESULTSEighty‐nine women received ERBT following 224,035 live births, for an incidence of 3.97 transfused women/10,000 births. The most common causally‐associated conditions were: uterine atony (40%), placental abruption/placenta previa (16%), retained placenta (11%), and uterine rupture (5%). The mean number of total units transfused was 7.9 (range 1‐76). The mean number of red blood cells (RBCs) transfused was 4.8, the median 4, and SD was ±4.4. Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) for trauma recommend using a ratio of 1:1:1 or 2:1:1 of RBC:FFP:Platelets, however the ratios varied widely for postpartum hemorrhage. Only 1.5% received a 1:1:1 ratio and 7.5% received a 2:1:1 ratio. Nineteen percent (17/89) of women underwent hysterectomy, 7% (6/89) had uterine artery embolization, 36% (32/89) had an intensive care unit admission, and 1% (1/89) died.CONCLUSIONEmergency transfusion for postpartum hemorrhage occurred after 1/2500 births. Most women received less FFP and platelets than recommended for traumatic hemorrhage. A potentially better practice for postpartum hemorrhage would be a balanced ratio of blood products, transfusion of low‐titer, group O, cold‐stored, whole blood, or inclusion in a MTP.