bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUTION OF DICTIOCAULOSIS OF CATTLE IN COMMODITY FARMS OF SUMY REGION
Authors: Nahorna L. V. , Risovaniy V. I. 
Published: August 2020

The article presents data on the establishment of the spread of dictyocaulosis of cattle in farms of different production facilities of Sumy region. According to researchers, a prominent place among the pulmonary helminthiasis of domestic and wild ruminants belongs to dictyocaulosis. Currently, nematodes are an unresolved problem in cattle farms. The work was performed during 2019 on the basis of the laboratory of the Department of Epizootology and Parasitology of Sumy National Agrarian University, as well as in the conditions of livestock farms of Sumy region, which specialize in the production of marketable milk. Feces were collected from animals systematically throughout the year in different seasons, followed by their study by standardized methods of Berman and Orlov. The intensity of the invasion was determined by counting the number of larvae in 1 g of feces at low magnification. Determination of the intensity of contamination of environmental objects by dictyocaul larvae was performed using the method of M.O Romanenko.
In the course of research and analysis of statistical reporting, it was found that dictyocaulosis is one of the three most common invasive diseases diagnosed in cattle in Sumy region. It has been proven that the frequency of diagnosing cases of respiratory pathology of various etiologies has increased in livestock farms that are unfavorable for dictyocaulosis. A clear seasonal dynamics of dictyocaulosis in livestock of different age categories was established: in calves under one year of age, the maximum lesion of Dictyocaulus viviparus was registered in June, with an invasion extent of 69.21%. In calves under two years of age, dictyocaulosis was registered in spring and autumn (the extent of invasion in April was 62.1%, in late September-early October - 51.4%). In a study of cattle older than two years, the highest extent of dictyocaulous invasion was found in spring and autumn, respectively, 59.7% and 35.1%. The peak of the outbreak was recorded in late autumn, in contrast to the animals of younger age categories. The highest intensity of infestation is found in calves under one year of age in summer, in older age groups - in autumn. When determining the contamination of environmental objects with larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus, the highest rates were observed on the vegetation of pastures, near water sources with insufficient levels of insolation. Contamination by larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus of the surface layers of soil and water sources on pastures was lower and amounted to 52.5 and 32.5 %, respectively.
PRODUCTIVE EFFECT OF CRUSHED MAIZE GRAIN PRESERVED BY BACTERIAL PREPARATIONS KT-L 18/1 ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS AND GROWTH RATE OF REPLACEMENT HEIFER
Authors: Chumachenko S. P. , Fedak N. M. , Kravchenko N. O. 
Published: August 2020

Usage of preserved crushed corn gives the opportunity to grow late and more productive cereals varieties, providing animals with high quality forage year-round.
In the article are shown the results of studies the effect of feeding crushed maize corn with high humidity, preserved by bacterial preparations KT-L 18/1 on the physiological status and productivity of replacement heifer
The studies were conducted on the conditions of SE RF “Obroshyne” in Pustomyty district, Lviv region. Three variants of crushed maize grain with 31.4% moisture content were used: control, without preservation, the first experimental was preserved by chemical preparation - carbon-ammonium salt (CAS), 3% by weight, the second experimental - with the probiotic preparation KT-L 18/1, 8.0 ml per 1 kg of grain. Effect of feeding this grain was studied in three groups of Ukrainian black and white dairy replacement heifer cattle, analogues age and body weight.
Analysis of the chemical composition of maize grain after 70 days storage showed that the content of dry matter in control and experimental variants was 98.3; 98.9 and 100% respectively, so preserving crushed MAIZE grain with 31-32% humidity by KT-L 18/1 at dose of 8.0 ml per 1 kg of grain provides to almost 100% retention of dry matter.
Preservation of crude protein was 96.0%, in the experimental variants its content was higher than in the raw material by 0.31 and 0.16%, respectively. In the variant with CAS probably is due to the presence of ammonium salts, in the variant with KT-L 18/1 - by microbial pool of preparations
It is noted that the feeding replacement heifer crushed maize grain, preserved by KT-L 18/1, in the composition of the grain mixture (15% by weight) does not negatively affect on the morphological parameters their blood. Established tendency to increase the of red blood cells level and the degree of hemoglobin saturation of heifers from experimental variants, which may indicate an increase in the intensity of redox processes. Study of protein spectrum of animals blood serum showed a significant increase in total protein contetnt, albumin and γ-globulin fractions, its indice a normal liver functional condition. Increased albumin concentration in the animals of the experimental variants led to an increase in protein index, which is proof of an efficient proteins metabolism compared to animals n control variant. Shown a direct correlation between the concentration of albumin, the main plastic material in the synthesis of tissue proteins and average daily live weight gain of heifers.
The average daily weight gain in the experimental variants was 528 and 538 g, it was 4.6
and 6.3 % higher than in the control variant (505 g).
The microbial preparation KT-L 18/1 can be used as a preservative for crushed corn with high humidity.
EFFECT OF FEED ADDITIVE ON MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS OF COWS WITH KETOSIS
Authors: Shkilnyk O. , Petrukh I. , Ostapiv D. , Kozak M. , Vlizlo V. , Pavlyuk I. , Vezdenko O. , Sekh O. , Ponomarjova S. , Kalynovska L. 
Published: August 2020

The article describes the study of mineral metabolism in patients with cow ketosis and during feeding of our developed feed additive, which includes crushed hop cones, vitamin E and protected from cleavage in the rumen amino acids ˗ methionine, choline and carnitine.
In the blood of cows with ketosis, before and after the use of feed additives studied the content of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity, determined the ratio of alkaline phosphatase and total calcium, the concentration of thyroid hormones (parathyroid hormone) and thyroid, thyroid also the amount of ketone bodies in the urine and β-hydroxybutyrate in the blood. It was found that twenty days of feeding cows with ketosis, feed additives leads to a decrease in ketonuria and ketonemia, as well as the normalization of mineral metabolism.
At the end of the experiment, the content of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the blood of cows increased, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the ratio of ALP / Ca decreased. The normalization of mineral metabolism in cows was also evidenced by its balanced hormonal regulation. The concentration of parathyroid hormone decreased in the blood plasma and calcitonin increased.
According to the results of research, it is established that our proposed feed additive contributes to the normalization of mineral metabolism, and can also be used for prevention and in the complex treatment of cows with ketosis.
Screening, Fabrication and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms using P-Glycoprotein Modulators
Authors: Vedamurthy Joshi , Inamdar Shivakumar , Acharya Ankit , Kowti Rajesh 
Published: August 2020

In this project, in vitro absorption enhancement activity of P-gp substrates Fexofenadine (Fx) and Ciprofloxacin (Cp) were evaluated in everted rat gut sac model and Caco-2 cell lines. Verapamil was used as P-gp inhibitor. Piper betel, Trachyspermum ammi, Plumbago zeylanica, Trikatu, Moringaoleifera, Murraya koenigii, Ferulafoitida Zingiber officinale, Cheilocostus speciosus, Capsicum frutescens Operculina turpethum Holarrhena antidysenterica Mesuaferrea, Tinospora cordifolia, and Picrorhiza kurroa, were selected and extracted with 99% alcohol and fresh juices of Citrus limon, Punica granatum seeds were also studied. In-vitro studies depicted that Fexofenadine and Ciprofloxacin absorption was increased greater than 20% in the presence of Operculinaturpethum, Capsicum frutescens, Holarrhena Antidysenterica, Tinospora cordifolia, Trikatu, Trachyspermum ammi, Plumbago zeylanica. The flux of the ciprofloxacin transport was in the range of 9-23 mcg/min and Papp 2.6 × 10-5 cm/sec to 4.1 × 10-5 cm/sec whereas Fexofenadine flux was in the range of 2-7.7 mcg/min and Papp 4.16 × 10–6 cm/sec to 1.62 × 10-5 cm/sec. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin on selected microbes in presence of extracts also depicted synergistic activity. Histological studies revealed that there is no significant variation observed in the isolated sac in presence of the extracts. CaCo2 cell lines studies showed that, formulation enhanced the absorption of fexofenadine greater than 50%. Tablets were prepared and evaluated using the plant extracts which yielded >20% absorption enhancement of the substrates. In conclusion, tablet formulation containing the alcoholic extracts of Trachyspermum ammi, Plumbago zylanicum, Capsicum frutescens, Operculina turpethum, Holarrhena Antidysenterica, Tinospora cordifolia and Trikatu can act as an absorption enhancer for fexofenadine and ciprofloxacin. The mechanism of action of these herbs could be due to P-gp inhibition. Further clinical studies are needed to prove its efficacy in humans.
Influence of β-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin on Enhancement of Solubility and Dissolution of Isradipine
Authors: D Narendar , S Ettireddy 
Published: August 2020

The content of this investigation was to study the influence of β-cyclodextrin and hydroxy propyl-β-cyclodextrin complexation on enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of isradipine. Based on preliminary phase solubility studies, solid complexes prepared by freeze drying method in 1:1 molar ratio were selected and characterized by DSC for confirmation of complex formation. Prepared solid dispersions were evaluated for drug content, solubility and in vitro dissolution. The physical stability of optimized formulation was studied at refrigerated and room temperature for 2 months. Solid state characterization of optimized complex performed by DSC and XRD studies. Dissolution rate of isradipine was increased compared with pure drug and more with HP-β-CD inclusion complex than β-CD. DSC and XRD analyzes that drug was in amorphous form, when the drug was incorporated as isradipine β-CD and HP-β-CD inclusion complex. Stability studies resulted in low or no variations in the percentage of complexation efficiency suggesting good stability of molecular complexes. The results conclusively demonstrated that the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of isradipine by drug-cyclodextrin complexation was achieved.
Quantification of Clofarabine and its Impurity Substances by RP-HPLC Method in Parenteral Formulation
Authors: Tandel Jinal N , Patel Jimi N , Shah Samir K 
Published: August 2020

A simple, accurate and precise stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for estimation of clofarabine in parenteral formulation. Some known impurities like, alpha-anomer, 2-chloroadenine and monobenzoate are used which are related substances of clofarabine, for the analysis of the marketed formulation. Inertsil C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm) 5μ (particle size) was used as stationary phase and Buffer: Acetonitrile 90:10 v/v was used as mobile phase with flow rate 1 ml/min at 263 nm UV detection. The retention time of clofarabine was found to be 3.07 minutes. Linearity was observed over the concentration range of 5-25 μg/ml for clofarabine in which correlation coefficient value was found to be 0.999. Force degradation study was perform and maximum degradation of Standard and Test of Clofarabine was found to be 18.8% and 17.5% respectively in Acidic condition. The LOD and LOQ was found to be 0.071 μg/mL and 0.21 μg/mL, respectively for clofarabine. Moreover, the % RSD for repeatability, inter and intra day precision was found to be within the range, which reveals that the method is precise. Accuracy study of the drug in marketed preparation also reported within the limits. In conclusion, the assay is useful for estimation of clofarabine in parenteral formulations.
Novel Drugs and Biologics of 2016: A Boom for Neurodrugs in the Pipelin
Authors: Reddy D Samba 
Published: August 2020

This article provides a brief overview of novel drugs approved by the U.S. FDA in 2016. It also focuses on the emerging boom in the development of neurodrugs for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. These new drugs are innovative products that often help advance clinical care worldwide, and in 2016, twenty-two such drugs were approved by the FDA. The list includes the first new drug for disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy or hallucinations and delusions of Parkinson’s disease, among several others. Notably, nine of twenty-two (40%) were novel CNS drugs, indicating the industry shifting to neurodrugs. Neurodrugs are the top selling pharmaceuticals worldwide, especially in America and Europe. Therapeutic neurodrugs have proven their significance many times in the past few decades, and the CNS drug portfolio represents some of the most valuable agents in the current pipeline. Many neuroproducts are vital or essential medicines in the current therapeutic armamentarium, including dozens of “blockbuster drugs” (drugs with $1 billion sales potential). These drugs include antidepressants, antimigraine medications, and anti-epilepsy medications. The rise in neurodrugs’ sales is predominantly due to increased diagnoses of CNS conditions. The boom for neuromedicines is evident from the recent rise in investment, production, and introduction of new CNS drugs. There are many promising neurodrugs still in the pipeline, which are developed based on the validated “mechanism-based” strategy. Overall, disease-modifying neurodrugs that can prevent or cure serious diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s disease, are in high demand.
Spectroscopic Determination of Aspirin and Omeprazole by Absorbance Ratio and Multicomponent Mode Method
Authors: Khan Hajera , Bandewar Swapna S , Zameeruddin Mohammad , Bharkad Vishvanath B 
Published: August 2020

Here we describe a simple, rapid and accurate method for simultaneous assay of aspirin and omeprazole. The first method was Absorbance ratio method (Method 1) and second method was multi component mode method of analysis (Method 2). Methanol: water (8:2) was used as solvent for both methods, using 293 nm as isobestic point for absorbance ratio method. The wavelength ranges 275.80 nm for aspirin and 302.20 nm for omeprazole for method 2, which represents the absorbance maxima of both drugs respectively. Beer’s law was applied in the concentration ranges of 2-14μg/mL and 2-18 μg/mL for aspirin and omeprazole, respectively, in absorbance ratio methods. The percentage assay was found to be in the range 99.74 to 100 % for aspirin and 99.69 to 99.9 % for omeprazole for both the methods. Recovery was found in the range of 99.74 –100.14 % for aspirin and omeprazole for both methods. The analysis data has been validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed methods, which were carried out according to the ICH guidelines.
Validated UV Spectrophotometric Methods for the Estimation of Letrozole in Solid Dosage Forms
Authors: Swain Suryakanta , Jena Bikash Ranjan , Sitty Manohar Babu , Pradhan Debi Prasad 
Published: August 2020

The main intent of this research is to develop two new simple, novel, cost efficient and precise UV spectrophotometric methods for estimation of letrozole in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. For estimation of letrozole based on the measurement of UV light absorption, the spectras of letrozole were scanned efficiently and it exhibits maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) at 240nm for Method A and 245nm for Method B. The analysis was carried out against phosphate buffer pH 6.8 (Method A) and phosphate buffer pH 3.8 (Method B) respectively. The drug shows linear response commencing from 0.5-20 µg/mL for both methods A & B. The regression equation was found as Y= 0.099X + 0.079 (Method A) and Y= 0.1359x + 0.0048 (Method B), and correlation coefficient were 0.999 (Method A) and 0.9999 (Method B). The method validation was accomplished as per the regulation of ICH Q2R1 guidelines for linearity, accuracy, and precision studies. These reported methods have good reproducibility with percentage RSD less than one. These methods were extended towards the formulation and there was no interruption from excipients in the formulation. Hence, these proposed methods can be effectively employed for evaluation of letrozole in quality control as well as routine analysis work in pharmaceutical industries.
Stability Indicating HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sacubitril and Valsartan in their Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Patel Gopi , Vohra Arshad , Shah Samir 
Published: August 2020

A simple, precise, accurate and rapid high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed and completely validated for the estimation of Valsartan and Sacubitril in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Quantification of Valsartan and Sacubitril were carried out with precoated silica gel aluminum Plate 60 F254, (20 cm ×10 cm) 100 μm thickness as stationary phase. Toluene: Methanol: Ethyl Acetate: Glacial Acetic acid (8:2:1:1 % v/v/v). The optimized chamber saturation time before chromatographic development was 20 min at room temperature (25ºC ± 2). The length of chromatographic run was 8 cm which took average 15 min to develop. Densitometry scanning was performed using Camag TLC scanner IV with Win CATS software (V 1.4.6.2002, Camag). Optimized chromatogram of Valsartan and Sacubitril having Rf of 0.43 and 0.33, respectively. Linear relationship between peak area and concentration of standard was evaluated over the concentration range expressed in ng/band by making five replicate measurements in the concentrations range of 400-1400 ng/band and 4000-14,000 ng/band, respectively for Valsartan and Sacubitril. Literature reveals that there was no any method developed using HPTLC in simultaneous estimation of Valsartan and Sacubitril in their pharmaceutical dosage form. The proposed method can be successfully applied for the estimation of drug content of different marketed formulations.
Development and In Vivo Evaluation of Mesalazine Colon Targeted Tablets
Authors: MD Rawoof , K Rajnarayana , M Ajitha 
Published: August 2020

The main objective of the present study was to develop colon-targeted tablets of mesalazine by wet granulation method using 33 Response surface method with design of experiment software and HPMC K4M, Eudragit RL100, Ethyl cellulose and PVP K-30 used as pH dependent polymers. All the formulations (F1 to F27) were evaluated for the physicochemical parameters and were subjected to in vitro drug release studies. The amount of Mesalazine released from tablets at different time intervals was estimated by UV spectrophotometer. The formulation F26 released 98.16 % of mesalazine after 24 h, whereas marketed product drug release was 92.02 ± 2.15 after 24 h. From in vivo bioavailability studies, after oral administration of colon targeted tablet containing 400 mg mesalazine, the Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0–∞ of optimized formulation and marketed product was found to be 683.21 ± 0.03 ng/mL, 6.01 ± 0.04 h, 4150.12 ± 5.12 ng*h/mL and 445.34 ± 3.22 ng/mL, 4.00 ± 0.01 h, 3457.18 ± 5.32 ng*h/mL respectively. Cmax, Tmax and AUC values of optimized formulation were found to be significantly higher than of marketed product. The pH dependent tablet system is a promising vehicle for preventing rapid hydrolysis in gastric environment and improving oral bioavailability of mesalazine for the treatment of disease at colon region.
La concurrence par la sélectivité entre masters franciliens
Authors: Blanchard Marianne , Chauvel Séverine , Harari-Kermadec Hugo 
Published: August 2020

Cet article propose d’analyser les phénomènes de différenciation des Masters universitaires franciliens au prisme de leurs modalités de recrutement, en partant de l’hypothèse selon laquelle les hiérarchies observées reflètent autant qu’elles contribuent à produire les positions relatives de ces formations dans l’espace de l’enseignement supérieur. Deux perspectives sont envisagées. La première, à partir de données issues de la base SISE (Système d’information sur le suivi des étudiants), vise à affiner le constat statistique d’une sélection sociale dans l’accès à ces formations, notamment en montrant que celle-ci diffère fortement d’un établissement à l’autre. La seconde, à partir de données qualitatives – entretiens et observations –, vise à montrer comment les pratiques effectives de recrutement des responsables de Masters universitaires franciliens sont affectées par les ressorts organisationnels et la compétition entre les formations.
Les ruses de la transgression juvénile. Défier les adultes : style de déviance et engagement existentiel
Authors: Boukir Kamel 
Published: August 2020

À hauteur d’adolescents, la transgression peut être un moment d’exaltation. En se socialisant au pluralisme normatif qui fait la ville, passant d’une institution de délégation éducative à l’autre (famille, école, maison de la jeunesse et de la culture, centres de loisirs, clubs de sport, etc.), les jeunes font l’épreuve de la continuité écologique du régime asymétrique de déférence vis-à-vis de l’autorité des adultes. Au miroir de ce devoir d’obéissance, la transgression juvénile acquiert un pouvoir interactionnel de redéfinition du sens et de la vocation de la salle de classe : non le travail mais l’amusement. Défier les adultes se comprend alors comme un style de déviance d’une part, exaltant la volte-face, l’aventure et l’audace, et comme un engagement existentiel, l’école devenant l’espace moral d’une dramaturgie de soi où consacrer son rang dans la hiérarchie juvénile.
Impact of Training of Small-Scale Dairy Farmers on Milk Production and Income in Ethiopia
Authors: Seble Wongel Getachew , Satoko Kubota , Toshihisa Kanayama , Randrianantoandro Tiana Navalona , Kono Hiroichi 
Published: August 2020

This paper examined dairy husbandry training impact on milk production and milk income under smallholder farmers’ management condition. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two districts in Ethiopia and the data was collected from a total of 180 smallholder dairy farmers (60 of the participants were trained on dairy husbandry practices). Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique was employed to construct suitable comparable group and to calculate the average treatment effect on the treated sample. The average treatment effect on the treated shows that dairy husbandry training increased milk production, volume of milk processed and milk income by about 21.7%, 56.5% and 22.5% respectively. This study confirms that training on dairy husbandry plays great role to bring change in dairy technology adoption which further enhance milk production and milk income under smallholder farmers’ management condition.
Keywords: milk income; milk production; Ethiopia; propensity score matching; smallholder dairy farmers, training