bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PIGN Spatiotemporally Regulates the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Proteins in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Teye Emmanuel , Lu Shasha , Chen Fangyuan , Yang Wenrui , Abraham Thomas , Stairs Douglas , Wang Hong-Gang , Yochum Gregory , Brodsky Robert , Pu Jeffrey 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class N (PIGN) has been previously linked to the suppression of chromosomal instability. The spindle assembly checkpoint complex is responsible for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis to prevent chromosomal instability. In this study, the novel role of PIGN as a regulator of the spindle assembly checkpoint was unveiled in leukemic patient cells and cell lines. Transient downregulation or ablation of PIGN resulted in impaired mitotic checkpoint activation due to the dysregulated expression of spindle assembly checkpoint-related proteins including MAD1, MAD2, BUBR1, and MPS1. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of PIGN restored the expression of MAD2. PIGN regulated the spindle assembly checkpoint by forming a complex with the spindle assembly checkpoint proteins MAD1, MAD2, and the mitotic kinase MPS1. Thus, PIGN could play a vital role in the spindle assembly checkpoint to suppress chromosomal instability associated with the leukemic transformation of myelodysplastic syndromes.
Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life in Chinese Children and Adolescents With Cancer: Validation of the&nbsp;DISABKIDS Chronic Generic Module (DCGM-37)
Authors: Alelayan Hasan , Liang Lizhu , Ye Rui , Meng JiangNan , Liao Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: With the slightly increasing of cancer incidence rate and the decreasing of cancer mortality, there is an increasing need for a valid and culturally adapted tool to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with cancer. This study validated the DISABKIDS Chronic Generic Module (DCGM-37) in Chinese children and adolescents with cancer.Methods: The DCGM-37 was translated and culturally adapted according to the guidelines from its copyright holders. In total, 140 children and adolescents with cancer and their guardians were included in this cross-sectional study. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Convergent validity was examined using Pearson correlation between the DCGM-37 and the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale. Dimensionality was clarified using exploratory factor analysis. Discriminant validity was evaluated by comparing DCGM-37 scores across gender, age, family income, and clinical characteristics.Results: Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.91) and test-retest reliability proved good (ICC 0.87, 95%CI 0.73-0.94). Strong correlations between the DCGM-37 and the PedsQL 4.0 (r= 0.83) support good convergent validity. Six factors explained 51.94% of the total variances. Children with leukemia scored higher than those with sarcoma in all subscales (effect size ranged from 0.39 to 0.83), especially the “social exclusion” subscales (effect size 0.83). Small to moderate differences (effect size ranged from 0.38 to 0.58) were observed across gender, age, and family income. Neither floor nor ceiling effect was observed.Conclusion: The DCGM-37 is reliable and valid for measuring HRQoL in Chinese children and adolescents with cancer.
The Interplay Between Regular T Cells and Immunotherapy in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Xu Fengying , Zhang Fengying , Wang Qian , Xu Ying , Xu Shuifang , Zhang Caihong , Wang Lihua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors have aroused great expectation on many types of tumor eradication. However, the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-L1 treatment on cervical cancer is unsatisfactory and the potential antagonist is not very clear. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-L1 in cervical tumor mouse model and identified the potential threats for anti-PD-L1 therapeutic efficacy. Results: we found that PD-L1 had a moderate expression in human and mouse cervical tumor cell lines and clinical samples compared to other tumor types and para-tumor tissue. Interestingly, our results showed that the anti-PD-L1 treated mice were dichotomously divided into responsive and unresponsive group even with the same genome background C57BL/6 syngeneic tumor model. The unresponsive tumors showed less immune cell infiltration and higher Tregs population induced immunosuppression activity than the responsive ones. Furthermore, we found that anti-PD-L1 autonomously upregulated Tregs proliferation and frequency in multiple immune organs, and, most importantly, Tregs depletion more significantly depressed the tumor growth rate and tumor weight than either anti-PD-L1 or anti-CD25 alone. Finally, we observed that the upregulating effector CD8+ T cell is associated with the better therapeutic effect of anti-PD-L1 therapy post Tregs depletion. Conclusion: In conclusion, anti-PD-L1 therapy upregulates Tregs frequency and proliferation in tumor model, and the depletion of Tregs may be a useful adjuvant strategy for anti-PD-L1 therapy in the immunotherapy of cervical cancer.
Exogenous Gibberellin Promotes the Germination of Phellodendron Chinense Schneid Seeds by Regulating the Expression of Phytohormone Related Genes and Anabolic Proteins
Authors: SUN Wenkai , ZHANG Xuejing , WANG Yahan , LI Huanhuan , YAN Wende , HE Hanjie , CHEN Lili , HE Gongxiu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Phellodendron chinense Schneid is an important Chinese herb that contains berberine, phellodendrine, palmatine, and medicinal compounds. The germination rate of Phellodendron chinense Schneid seeds is lower after storage, and the exogenous gibberellin3 (GA3) hormone promotes seed germination, but the mechanism is not cleared. Results: Exogenous GA3 hormone promoted germination of Phellodendron chinense Schneid seeds, elevated germination rates. It also increased the levels of activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Moreover, it enhanced the contents of berberine and endogenous GA3, and increased the expression levels of Pc(S)-GA2ox, Pc(S)-GA3ox, and Pc(S)-THBO. However, it reduced the expression level of Pc(S)-ABI5. Furthermore, exogenous GA3 up-regulated the protein levels of DNA guides RNA polymerase β'-subunits, Coffee coenzyme A oxymethyl transferase, and Histone H1. Conclusion: These findings indicated that exogenous GA3 promoted germination of Phellodendron chinense Schneid seeds by regulating the expression levels of phytohormone related genes and anabolic proteins.
Aerosol Box Decreases Aerosol Exposure only in Depressurized Rooms on Intubation and Extubation
Authors: Sakai Wataru , Hasegawa Gen , Chaki Tomohiro , Tachibana Shunsuke , Yamakage Michiaki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim was to assess the effectiveness of an aerosol box objectively in several clinical settings with our experimental model.Cake flour as an aerosol model was expelled with our experimental cough model. The primary outcomes were the number of 0.3-10-µm-sized particles. Secondary outcomes were high-resolution videography of aerosol dispersal during intubation and extubation with an aerosol box in a pressurized or depressurized room.On post hoc analysis, counts of all particle sizes at the physician position, medical staff position, and in the environment were significantly lower in a depressurized room with an aerosol box than in a pressurized room without an aerosol box during intubation (p<0.05 in all situations and all particle sizes). Counts of all particle sizes at the physician and medical staff positions were significantly lower in the depressurized room with an aerosol box than in a pressurized room without an aerosol box during extubation (p<0.05 in both situations and all particle sizes). Visual assessments supported the results of the primary outcomes and showed that an aerosol box in a depressurized room could effectively decrease aerosol exposure of the physician, medical staff, and environment.In conclusion, an aerosol box decreased aerosol exposure only in a depressurized room.
Epidemiological Impact of Universal Varicella Vaccination on Consecutive Emergency Department Visits for Varicella and Its Cost-Effectiveness Among Children
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Nozu Kandai , Ishiko Shinya , Nagase Hiroaki , Ninchoji Takeshi , Nagano China , Takeda Hiroki , Unzaki Ai , Ishibashi Kazuto , Morioka Ichiro , Iijima Kazumoto , Ishida Akihito 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Varicella is highly contagious and endemic worldwide. Previous studies reported a dramatic decline in varicella incidence and varicella-related deaths after implementing universal varicella vaccination (VarV). However, its impact and cost-effectiveness remain unknown in single emergency department (ED). We retrospectively reviewed the clinical database of consecutive patients younger than 16 years presenting to our primary ED between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019. Of the 265,191 children presenting to our ED, 3,092 were clinically diagnosed with varicella. The annual number of varicella patients was approximately 500 before introduction of the universal two-dose VarV in October 2014, and it decreased to approximately 200 in 2019. The number of varicella patients younger than 1 year (not eligible for vaccination) also decreased. Regarding the cost-effectiveness of VarV, approximately JPY1.5 million (US$14,300) were saved annually by our center. However, our study showed a relatively large percentage of infected unvaccinated children presenting to our ED (59.0%). After implementation of the universal VarV, infection was mainly observed in older children (i.e., the unvaccinated generation). In conclusion, our data showed excellent universal VarV effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in the ED. Additionally, our data suggest that the VarV should be administered to all eligible older patients.
3D Printing 18F Radioactive Phantoms for PET Imaging
Authors: Gillett Daniel , Marsden Daniel , Ballout Safia , Attili Bala , Bird Nick , Heard Sarah , Gurnell Mark , Mendichovszky Iosif A , Aloj Luigi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Phantoms are routinely used in molecular imaging to assess scanner performance. However, traditional phantoms with fillable shapes do not replicate human anatomy. 3D printed phantoms have overcome this by creating phantoms which replicate human anatomy which can be filled with radioactive material. The problem with these is that small objects suffer from boundary effects and therefore boundary-free objects are desirable. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of creating resin-based 3D printed phantoms using 18 F-FDG. Methods: Radioactive resin was created using an emulsion of printer resin and 18 F-FDG. A series of test objects were printed including twenty identical cylinders, ten spheres with increasing diameters (2 mm to 20 mm) and a double helix. Radioactive concentration uniformity, printing accuracy and the amount of leaching were assessed. Results: Creating radioactive resin was simple and effective. The radioactivity remained bound to the resin for the duration that it was radioactive. The radioactive concentration was uniform among identical objects; the CoV of the mean, max and total signal were 3.6%, 3.8% and 2.6%, respectively. The printed cylinders and spheres were found to be within 4% of the model dimensions. A double helix was successfully printed as a test for the printer and appeared as expected on the PET scanner. The amount of radioactivity leached into the water was measurable (0.72%) but not visible above background on the imaging. Conclusions: Creating an 18F-FDG radioactive resin emulsion is a simple and effective way to create boundary-free, accurate, complex 3D phantoms that can be imaged using a PET/CT scanner. This technique could be used to print clinically realistic phantoms, however, they are single use, and cannot be made hollow without an exit hole. Also, there is a small amount of leaching of the radioactivity to take into consideration.
Pharmacokinetics of Anti-Infective Agents During CytoSorb Hemoadsorption: An Experimental Study
Authors: Schneider Antoine , André Pascal , Scheier Joerg , Schmidt Monika , Ziervogel Heiko , Buclin Thierry , Kindgen-Milles Detlef 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cytokine hemoadsorption might be effective in patients with sepsis. However, its effect on anti-infective agents' pharmacokinetics remains largely unknown. We sought to determine the influence of hemoadsorption on the pharmacokinetics of common anti-infective agents. Methods: This is an interventional experimental study, conducted in 24 healthy pigs. Animals were randomly allocated to either hemoadsorption (cases) or sham procedure (controls) and to a drug combination (3 cases and 3 controls for each combination). Hemoadsorption was performed with CytoSorb® (CytoSorbents Corporation, USA). We evaluated 17 drugs (clindamycin, fluconazole, linezolid, meropenem, piperacillin, anidulafungin, ganciclovir, clarithromycin, posaconazole, teicoplanin, tobramycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, liposomal amphotericin B, flucloxacillin and cefepime). Repeated blood sampling from the extracorporeal circulation (adsorber inlet/outlet, sham circulation) were performed within six hours of administration. Total clearance and adsorber-specific clearances were computed at each time point.Results: Hemoadsorption was associated with increased clearance of all study drugs, except for ganciclovir. Its impact on total body clearance was major for fluconazole (+282%), linezolid (+115%) and amphotericin B (+75%). It was minor for posaconazole (+32%), teicoplanin (+31%), anidulafungin (+23%), piperacillin (+19%), flucloxacillin (+16%), metronidazole (+16%) and ciprofloxacin (+15%) and insignificant (<10%) for all other drugs. Hemoadsorber clearance declined over time with even delayed desorption for beta-lactams. It was moderately correlated with drug's lipophilicity (p=0.01; r2=0.43). Conclusions: Hemoadsorption with CytoSorb® has limited effect on the pharmacokinetics of most tested anti-infective drugs but appears to increase fluconazole, linezolid and liposomal amphotericin B clearance. Studies in humans with sepsis are required to confirm these findings.
Geographic Distribution of The cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA and dupA Genes of Helicobacter Pylori Strains Isolated in China
Authors: Xue Zhijing , Yang Hong , Su Dongxing , Song Xiangfeng , Deng Xin , Yu Changhong , Sun Chunhua , He Lihua , You Yuanhai , Gong Yanan , Fan Dongjie , Sun Lu , Han Xiurui , Fan Ruyue , Zhai Kangle , Yang Yaming , Zhang Maojun , Yan Xiaomei , Qian Jiaming , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: There were geographical differences in the distribution of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) genotypes (cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA and dupA, et al). The population in different regions in China have grant different patterns of gastroduodenal diseases which are associated with these genotypes, but the geographical characteristics of H. pylori genotypes were still unknown. Materials and Methods: Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from 348 patients from five regions in China. The regional distribution was 89 patients from Shandong, 91 from Guangxi, 57 from Hunan, 58 from Qinghai and 53 from Heilongjiang. DNA extracted from cultured isolates were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the presence of cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA and dupA genotypes.Results: A total of 269 H. pylori isolates were obtained, of which 74 isolates were from Shandong, 78 from Guangxi, 46 from Hunan, 33 from Qinghai and 38 from Heilongjiang. The cagA gene was predominant in all the five regions (e.g. 100% in Hunan, Qinghai and Heilongjiang). The predominant vacA genotypes in the 269 isolates were s1a (88.1%) and m1(72.1%). vacA s1b was not detected in our study. In strains from Guangxi and Hunan, s1c was dominant; in contrast, s1a was dominant in Shandong, Qinghai and Heilongjiang. The prevalence of m1 strains in Heilongjiang (92.1%) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than in Shandong (60.8%) and Qinghai (51.5%). The dominant vacA subtype combination was s1a/m1 (62.8%) and detection of vacA s1a/m1 was significantly high 34 (89.5%) in Heilongjiang strains (P<0.001). The prevalence of iceA alleles in Hunan and Qinghai was much higher than that in the other three regions, and the difference was statistically significant. The oipA-positive strains were more prevalent in Guangxi (100%) and Hunan (100%) than in Qinghai (78.8%) (P<0.001). Conversely, the dupA-positive strains were less than half in Guangxi (15.4%) and Shandong (32.4%), whereas it was 73.9% in Hunan and 81.8% in Qinghai (P<0.001).Conclusions: There are significant geographic differences in the distribution of H. pylori genotypes. These datas may be used to explain the gastroduodenal diseases patterns in different geographic regions of China.
Empiric and Conservative Strategy in The Interventional Management of Late Post-Pancreatoduodenectomy Hemorrhage With Negative Angiographic Result
Authors: Huang Qiang , Gao Kun , Wang Jian-Feng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to review the outcome of patients who underwent interventional procedures with negative angiographic results for post-PD hemorrhage. Empiric and conservative interventional strategies were compared. Methods: The consecutive patients who underwent interventional procedures for post-PD hemorrhage in our center between Jan 2016 and Jun 2020 were evaluated. 21 cases were enrolled into this study with negative angiographic results. Two different strategies, empiric and conservative, were applied. Clinical data, including age, sex, pathological diagnosis, lab test results, clinical presentation and onset time of bleeding after surgery, technical and clinical outcome was obtained from the medical records and follow up data. Results: All patients in our series presented with delayed post-PD hemorrhage. In the empiric group, embolization was performed at the hepatic artery in 11 cases and at the left gastric artery (LGA) in 1. Two patients died of hemorrhage recurrence despite embolization during the follow up. Two patients required laparotomy and recovered in this group. Recurrence rate was 33.3% (4/12) in this group and mortality rate was 16.7% (2/12). In the conservative group, one patient required re-angiography with bleeding from the hepatic artery revealed 10 days after the first angiography. Hepatic artery embolization and subsequent relaparotomy was required. Another two patients required relaparotomy for hemorrhage recurrence. Recurrence rate was 33.3% (3/9) in this group and all these 3 cases required relaparotomy as definite treatment. Conclusion: Prompt decision making is required when negative result demonstrated during the angiography for post PD hemorrhage, and the surgeons’ judgement is mandatory. Both empiric and conservative treatment may be effective as indicated when negative angiography presented. Great caution is required following the interventional procedure, because recurrence rate after both treatment methods is significant despite negative angiography.
Comparison of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty and Percutaneous Curved Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: Distribution of Bone Cement and Complication
Authors: Jie Li Fan , Yang Li , Jie Wang Yan , YiBin Du 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and complications of percutaneous curved vertebroplasty in treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Methods: Patients with single vertebral osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were selected. The patients were divided into Percutaneous curved vertebroplasty group and Percutaneous vertebroplasty group.Distribution and leakage of bone cement and recovery of the height of the anterior edge of the injured vertebra were observed. VAS and ODI were assessed preoperatively 1 day and 1 year postoperatively. Postoperative follow-up was conducted for 1 year to observe the occurrence of adjacent vertebral fractures. The trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Results: Compared with the percutaneous vertebroplasty group, distribution of bone cement was more uniform and satisfactory, the leakage rate of bone cement was lower in the percutaneous curved vertebroplasty group. Both the visual analogue scale score and Oswestry disability index of the two groups at 1 day and I year after surgery were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS and ODI. The height of the anterior edge of the injured vertebral body of the two groups improved significantly(P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups . There was no significant difference in the incidence of adjacent vertebral fractures between the two groups..Conclusion: The results show that PCVP has beneficial to the uniform distribution of bone cement in the fracture vertebrae and reduce the leakage of bone cement.
Rare Location and Drainage Pattern of Right Pulmonary Veins and Aberrant Right Upper Lobe Bronchial Branch: a Case Report
Authors: Wang Fuqiang , Zhao Rui , Zhang Hanlu , Mo Yunhai , Zheng Yu , Qiu Guanghao , Wang Yun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundComplex aberration in lung is rare, which may increase risk of vascular injury and cause ligation of wrong pulmonary vein or bronchus by mistake during lung surgery, and result in sever complication like pulmonary congestion or atelectasis. Case presentationIn this case, a 44-year-old female was admitted for ground glass nodule (maximum diameter, 24mm) in right upper lobe. During operation, it was found that extremely rare aberrations of right preeparterial bronchus, right upper lobe vein behind pulmonary artery and right middle lobe vein drained into left atrium occurred in this patient simultaneously. Video-assisted thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy with lymph nodes dissection was performed for adenocarcinoma shown by frozen section. The patient was well recovered and discharged at the postoperative-day 4. Based on the literature review, such complex aberrations of pulmonary vessels and bronchus had seldom been reported before.ConclusionPreoperatively, three-dimensional reconstruction can help to identify inconspicuous variation of pulmonary vessels and bronchus effectively. During lung surgery, if anatomic aberration is suspected, careful dissection of vessels and bronchus will help to confirm whether there is an aberration or not.