bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUGGESTION SPEECH STRATEGIES IN FRENCH BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE
Authors: Метелькова Лилия Александровна , Игнатьева Анна Анатольевна 
Published: September 2020

В данной статье дается определение понятиям «внушение» и «речевая стратегия», а также приводятся примеры использования речевых стратегий внушения доверия на французском языке, применяемых в деловой переписке. Кроме этого, авторы дают характеристику речевой стратегии внушения, отмечая, что, вместо того чтобы непосредственно давать собеседнику инструкции к выполнению какой-либо задачи, можно растворить указание в структуре французского предложения. Детально рассматриваются техники, используемые при подаче собеседнику скрытых команд. На выбор лексики и грамматических форм влияет та информация, которой коммуникант владеет еще до начала общения (предстоящем речевом общении; когнитивных прессуппозициях; возникшей ситуации или контексте). Стратегия внушения реализуется определенными способами: прямыми (императивными) и косвенными, преднамеренными и непреднамеренными, а также предполагает позиции, на которые должен опираться коммуникант (устранение следов суждения и личной оценки; более или менее осознанный выбор определенной позиции при аргументации или выборе слов с помощью их модализации, присущей человеческой речи; позиция на расстоянии, которая заставила бы коммуниканта принять определенные установки, опираясь на нейтральное отношение специалиста, безэмоционально анализирующего предмет разговора, как это сделал бы тот или иной эксперт). Исходя из этого, целью настоящего исследования является анализ речевых стратегий внушения в деловой переписке на французском языке.
This article defines the concepts of suggestion and speech strategy, as well as provides the examples of the use of suggestion speech strategies in French business correspondence. In addition, the authors characterize the suggestion speech strategy, stressing that one can «dissolve» the request in the structure of the French sentence instead of directly giving instructions to the interlocutor. The authors also consider the techniques of giving hidden commands to the interlocutor. The information that the communicant possesses before the communication act (upcoming speech communication; cognitive presuppositions; context) determine the choice of vocabulary and grammatical forms. The suggestion speech strategy is implemented in several ways: direct (imperative) and indirect, intentional and unintentional, and also involves the positions which the communicant should rely on (eliminating traces of judgment and personal assessment; more or less conscious choice of a certain position when arguing or choosing words by modalizing them; a distant position that would force a communicant to accept certain attitudes, relying on a neutral attitude of a specialist who can impartially analyze the subject of the conversation). Based on this, the purpose of this study is to analyze the speech strategies of suggestion in French business correspondence.
DESIGNING YOUTUBE VIDEOS FOR TEACHING ENGLISH PHONETICS TO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Колесникова Александра Николаевна , Войнов Александр Валерьевич 
Published: September 2020

Настоящая статья посвящена вопросу совершенствования фонетических навыков на английском языке в старшей школе в условиях существования определенных требований к степени сформированности произносительных навыков, которые представлены в таких нормативных образовательных документах, как Федеральный государственный образовательный стандарт среднего общего образования, общеевропейские рамочные компетенции на уровне В1, кодификатор и спецификатор единого государственного экзамена, которые регулируют обучение иностранному языку в старшей школе и сдачу, оценку и проведение устной части ЕГЭ по данному иностранному языку. Выявлено несоответствие между требованиями нормативных документов и методическим обеспечением, необходимым для формирования устойчивых произносительных навыков в старшей школе. Анализ учебников, рекомендованных Министерством просвещения, определил острую необходимость в дополнении программы блоком по практической фонетике. В статье предложено методическое решение для дополнения школьной программы 10-11-х классов курсом по фонетике английского языка на базе интернет-платформы YouTube, выбор которой обусловлен ее популярностью (приведены результаты последних статистических исследований) и тем, что интеграция видеоуроков по фонетике английского языка на базе платформы YouTube с задействованием принципов игрового обучения имеет целый ряд дидактических функций. В статье сформулированы принципы создания обучающих видео, которые могут лечь в основу разработки курса по фонетике английского языка.
This article focuses on the improvement of English phonetic skills at high school students in terms of the requirements of the Federal State of the General Secondary Education, Common European Framework References for Languages (Level B1), codifier and specifier of the Unified State Exam, which regulate both the Foreign Language curriculum at high school and the Speaking Part of the Unified State Exam in English. The authors revealed a gap between the requirements of the normative documents and insufficient methodological support of teaching phonetics at high school. The analysis of the textbooks recommended by the Ministry of Education revealed the acute need to provide the curriculum with exercises in practical phonetics. The authors suggest the methodical solution on providing the tenth- and eleventh-grade curriculum with the course on the English phonetics based on the Internet YouTube platform. The choice of the platform is conditioned by its popularity and by the fact that the integration of YouTube video lessons on the English phonetics has a number of didactic functions. The article also provides some didactic principles to follow when designing YouTube videos for teaching phonetics to high school students.
CONDITIONS FOR PROMOTION OF ARTISTIC CREATIVITY AT ETHNO-CULTURAL CENTER
Authors: Соколова Светлана Георгиевна 
Published: September 2020

В статье обоснована актуальность исследования, выявлены противоречия, обозначена проблема исследования. Дано определение понятий «художественное творчество» и «народное художественное творчество». Сделана попытка классифицировать и систематизировать формы и виды народного художественного творчества. Выявлены особенности художественного творчества чувашского народа, проявляющиеся в различных формах и жанрах народного творчества. Определена правовая основа регулирования художественного творчества населения. Обозначены критериальные признаки, определяющие его виды, а также проблемы, которые необходимо разрешить для организации художественного творчества сельского населения. Выявлены условия активизации художественного творчества в этнокультурном центре: строить работу на базе существующих нормативно-правовых документов; систематически изучать социокультурные проблемы, вопросы востребованности культурно-досуговых услуг населением, состояния деятельности этнокультурных центров по организации художественного творчества населения села, деревни. Описаны методы организации художественного творчества населения как условия его активизации.
The article substantiates the relevance of the study, reveals the contradictions, identifies the research problem, gives the definition of the concepts of artistic creativity and folk art. It also makes an attempt classify and systematize the forms and types of folk art, reveals the features of artistic creativity of the Chuvash people which is manifested in various forms and genres of folk art. The paper identifies the legal basis for regulation of artistic creativity of the population and the criteria that determine the types of artistic creativity, as well as the problems that must be resolved to organize artistic creativity of rural population. The author identified the conditions for the promotion of artistic creativity at the ethno-cultural center. They are to work on the basis of existing regulatory documents, to systematically study socio-cultural issues, the demand for cultural and leisure services, the activity of ethno-cultural centers on the organization of artistic creativity of rural population. The author also determined the methods of organization of artistic creativity of rural population as the conditions for the promotion of artistic creativity.
The Alignment of Satellite Systems with Cosmic Filaments in the SDSS DR12
Authors: Wang 王 Peng 鹏 , Libeskind Noam I. , Tempel Elmo , Pawlowski Marcel S. , Kang 康 Xi 熙 , Guo 郭 Quan 铨 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Galaxies, as well as their satellites, are known to form within the cosmic web, the large, multi-scale distribution of matter in the universe. It is known that the surrounding large-scale structure (LSS) can impact and influence the formation of galaxies, e.g., the spin and shape of halos or galaxies are correlated with the LSS and the correlation depends on halo mass or galaxy morphology. In this work, we use group and filament catalogs constructed from the SDSS DR12 to investigate the correlation between satellite systems and the large-scale filaments they are located in. We find that the distribution of satellites is significantly correlated with filaments, namely the major axis of the satellite systems are preferentially aligned with the spine of the closest filament. Stronger alignment signals are found for the cases where the system is far from the filament spine, while systems close to the filament spine show significantly weaker alignment. Our results suggest that satellites are accreted along filaments, which agrees with previous works. The case where the system is far from the filament spine may help us to understand how the filament forms as well as the peculiar satellite distribution in the local universe.
Abundances and Charge States of Heavy Ions in ICMEs Highly Related to Speed and Solar Activity
Authors: Gu Chaoran , Yao Shuo , Dai Lei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This statistical work studies the abundances and the charge states of the carbon, oxygen, and iron ions in 281 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) measured at 1 au by ACE spacecraft from 1998 to 2011. The Gaussian distribution test is applied, and the analysis of variance is used to quantify the similarity between two distributions of ionic charge states and abundances. The correlation coefficient is calculated to reveal the dependence of the abundances and the mean charge of heavy ions on the solar activity. The results show that the mean charge, the abundance, and the speed at 1 au are highly related to the sunspot number (SN). The O7+/O6+ shows statistical difference between the high speed and the low speed groups of ICMEs. Different from the cold materials inside ICMEs, the mean charge of carbon ions shows a positive relation to that of oxygen ions. The Mg/O in the studied ICMEs are much higher than that in the solar wind. Three types of charge distribution of C, O, and Fe ions are summarized. The fraction of each of the three types is related to the solar minimum or the solar maximum. The mean charge and the flux of oxygen ions show quasi-linear relations to the SN during solar minimum, and show fluctuations during maximum. The results reveal that the solar activity, which represents the solar magnetic field status by nature, controls the composition of heavy ions in ICMEs.
First Constraints on Compact Dark Matter from Fast Radio Burst Microstructure
Authors: Sammons Mawson W. , Macquart Jean-Pierre , Ekers Ron D. , Shannon Ryan M. , Cho Hyerin , Prochaska J. Xavier , Deller Adam T. , Day Cherie K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Despite existing constraints, it remains possible that up to 35% of all dark matter is comprised of compact objects, such as the black holes in the 10–100 M
⊙ range whose existence has been confirmed by LIGO. The strong gravitational lensing of transients such as fast radio bursts (FRBs) and gamma-ray bursts has been suggested as a more sensitive probe for compact dark matter than intensity fluctuations observed in microlensing experiments. Recently the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder has reported burst substructure down to 15 μs timescales in FRBs in the redshift range 0.3–0.5. We investigate here the implications of this for the detectability of compact dark matter by FRBs. We find that a sample size of ∼130 FRBs would be required to constrain compact dark matter to less than the existing 35% limit with 95% confidence, if it were distributed along ≳1 Gpc-long FRB sightlines through the cosmic web. Conversely, existing constraints on the fraction of compact dark matter permit as many as 1 in ≈40 of all z ≲ 0.4 FRBs to exhibit microlensed burst structure. Approximately 170 FRBs intercepting halos within ∼50 kpc would be required to exclude the fraction of compact dark matter in each intercepted halo to a similar level. Furthermore, we consider the cumulative effects of lensing of the FRB signal by a macroscopic dark matter distribution. We conclude that lensing from a uniform distribution of compact objects is likely not observable, but suggest that FRBs may set meaningful limits on power-law distributions of dark matter.
Energy Transfer by Nonlinear Alfvén Waves in the Solar Chromosphere and Its Effect on Spicule Dynamics, Coronal Heating, and Solar Wind Acceleration
Authors: Sakaue Takahito , Shibata Kazunari 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Alfvén waves are responsible for the transfer of magnetic energy in magnetized plasma. They are involved in heating the solar atmosphere and driving solar wind through various nonlinear processes. Because the magnetic field configurations directly affect the nonlinearity of Alfvén waves, it is important to investigate how they relate to the solar atmosphere and wind structure through the nonlinear propagation of Alfvén waves. In this study, we carried out one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to realize the above relation. The results show that when the nonlinearity of Alfvén waves in the chromosphere exceeds a critical value, the dynamics of the solar chromosphere (e.g., spicule) and the mass-loss rate of solar wind tend to be independent of the energy input from the photosphere. In a situation where the Alfvén waves are highly nonlinear, the strong shear torsional flow generated in the chromosphere “fractures” the magnetic flux tube. This corresponds to the formation of chromospheric intermediate shocks, which limit the transmission of the Poynting flux into the corona by Alfvén waves and also inhibits the propagation of chromospheric slow shock.
The Red Supergiant Binary Fraction of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Neugent Kathryn F. , Levesque Emily M. , Massey Philip , Morrell Nidia I. , Drout Maria R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The binary fraction of unevolved massive stars is thought to be 70%–100% but there are few observational constraints on the binary fraction of the evolved version of a subset of these stars, the red supergiants (RSGs). Here we identify a complete sample of RSGs in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using new spectroscopic observations and archival UV, IR, and broadband optical photometry. We find 4090 RSGs with

, with 1820 of them having

, which we believe is our completeness limit. We additionally spectroscopically confirmed 38 new RSG + B-star binaries in the LMC, bringing the total known up to 55. We then estimated the binary fraction using a k-nearest neighbors algorithm that classifies stars as single or binary based on photometry with a spectroscopic sample as a training set. We take into account observational biases such as line-of-sight stars and binaries in eclipse while also calculating model-dependent corrections for RSGs with companions that our observations were not designed to detect. Based on our data, we find an initial result of

for RSGs with O- or B-type companions. Using the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis models to correct for unobserved systems, this corresponds to a total RSG binary fraction of

. This number is in broad agreement with what we would expect given an initial OB binary distribution of 70%, a predicted merger fraction of 20%–30%, and a binary interaction fraction of 40%–50%.
Hypocalcemia in sepsis: analysis of the subcellular distribution of Ca2+ in septic rats and LPS/TNF-α-treated HUVECs
Authors: He Wencheng , Huang Lei , Luo Hua , Zang Yang , An Youzhong , Zhang Weixing 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Hypocalcemia has been widely recognized in sepsis patients. However, the cause of hypocalcemia in sepsis is still not clear, and little is known about the subcellular distribution of Ca2+ in tissues during sepsis.
Methodology: We measured the dynamic change in Ca2+ levels in body fluid and subcellular compartments, including the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, in major organs of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-operated rats, as well as the subcellular Ca2+ flux in HUVECs which treated by endotoxin and cytokines.
Results: In the model of CLP-induced sepsis, the blood and urinary Ca2+ concentrations decreased rapidly, while the Ca2+ concentration in ascites fluid increased. The Ca2+ concentrations in the cytosol, ER, and mitochondria were elevated nearly synchronously in major organs in our sepsis model. Moreover, the calcium overload in CLP-operated rats treated with calcium supplementation was more severe than that in the non-calcium-supplemented rats but was alleviated by treatment with the calcium channel blocker verapamil. Similar subcellular Ca2+ flux was found in vitro in HUVECs and was triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/TNF-α.
Conclusions: Ca2+ influx from the blood into the intercellular space and Ca2+ release into ascites fluid may cause hypocalcemia in sepsis and that this process may be due to the synergistic effect of endotoxin and cytokines.
Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review
Authors: Mohamed Khalil 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The causative agent of toxoplasmosis is Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii); an intracellular obligate parasite causes abortion in humans and animals. The review aims to clarify the situation of the disease in humans and animals in different parts of the country so that data will be available for any future work regarding the control of the disease.
Methodology: All humans and animal research studies published in the last 18 years between 2000 and 2018 in Saudi Arabia were targeted, including prevalence or seroprevalence of T. gondii infection or antibodies. The searched strategy included human or pregnant women or children as well as animals or any particular species.
Results: The result showed that approximately one-third of the population in Saudi Arabia had IgG seropositivity, and 6.4% had IgM seropositivity. Moreover, the disease was widespread in almost all the regions except AL- Jouf, where no data published. The prevalence of the chronic infection was high in sheep in Riyadh 68%, and the prevalence of acute was found in Najran 19% in sheep, goats, and camels.
Conclusions: The current article showed the importance of the disease in Saudi Arabia for both humans and animals. The educational programs should be established to impart people to avoid the infection by the parasite.
L’urbanisation du monde : pourquoi, jusqu’où ?
Authors: Dumont Gérard-François 
Published: September 2020

Depuis le xviii e siècle, le passage d’une économie agricole à une économie industrielle a produit une forte urbanisation. À la fin du xx e siècle, la dynamique de globalisation a relancé la hausse des taux d’urbanisation dans les nœuds économiques essentiels, alors que l’Afrique voyait ses campagnes se vider au profit des villes porteuses d’emplois formels ou informels. Aucun facteur simple ne permet de prédire une hausse continue du taux d’urbanisation, un phénomène qui revêt également des formes très diverses.
Conhecimentos e sentimentos de usuários submetidos à cineangiocoronariografia/Knowledge and feelings of patients submitted to cardiac catheterization
Authors: Sant'Anna Rosana Moreira de , Escudeiro Cristina Lavoyer , Camacho Alessandra Conceição Leite Funchal 
Published: September 2020

Trata-se de um estudo que aborda o conhecimento e sentimentos dos usuários relativo ao exame de cineangiocoronariografia. Objetivo: descrever a percepção dos usuários submetidos à cineangiocoronariografia em relação ao exame. Métodos: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado no serviço de hemodinâmica em um hospital universitário no estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2013. Os participantes foram 20 usuários, com idades entre 18 a 79 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, seguida da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: observou-se o desconhecimento quanto à finalidade do exame pela maioria dos usuários, e presença de medo e ansiedade associados à morte de forma simbólica ou não. Considerações finais: constatou-se que os usuários não possuem clareza quanto à ação terapêutica da cineangiocoronariografia, abrindo-se espaço para a presença de sentimentos que emergem ocasionados pelo desconhecimento. As ações educativas realizadas pelo enfermeiro constituem-se em estratégia facilitadora para a educação em saúde dessa clientela.
Robotic thyroid surgery using bilateral axillo-breast approach
Authors: Chand Gyan , Yi Jin Wook , Johri Goonj 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Across surgical disciplines, the demand for cosmetically superior procedures is stronger than ever and patient-centered health care has become the standard of care. Endoscopic thyroidectomy has revolutionized the field of minimal access endocrine surgery and akin to other surgical disciplines, there has been a natural progression towards robot-assisted thyroidectomy. Amongst the many described approaches, bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) and transaxillary are most widely practiced.

Aims and Objectives:
Our aim was to describe the technique of robot-assisted thyroid surgery (RATS) using BABA.

Methods:
This is based on the corresponding authors' training and experience of over 50 cases of RATS using BABA, at the Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.

Results:
Post-operative outcomes were excellent with lesser pain, better cosmesis and similar oncological outcomes in carefully selected thyroid cancers in comparison to conventional thyroidectomy.

Conclusion:
RATS using BABA is easy to master for endoscopic thyroid surgeons and offers excellent postoperative outcomes, ergonomics, vision and dexterity.