bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replacement value of African Bread Fruit Seed Meal (Treculia africana) for Maize on the Performance of Starter Broilers.
Authors: Ahaotu Emmanuel , Aturuchi A , Unagu A , Uzegbu H.O. 
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted to see the effect of parboiled and varying levels of boiled African breadfruit seeds (ABS) fed to starter broilers. The starter broilers were assigned to six treatment groups (control, parboiled, 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes boiled ABS) with each of the treatments replicated three times in a completely randomized design (CRD). The diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous (22% CP) and iso-caloric (2700 Kcal/kg ME). Water and feed were offered ad libitum. Results shows that all parameters at the performance of starter broilers fed varying levels of boiled ABS were significantly (P<0.05) different with most of the significant level favouring the treatment T4 which is boiling at 20 minutes. Inclusion of boiled ABS into the diet of starter broilers improved the performance of the birds. It could therefore be concluded that ABS can serve as alternative nutritive source of nutrition in the diet of starter broilers. Keywords: African breadfruit seeds, Maize, Performance, Starter Broilers, Replacement value.
Ecology and Occurrence of Pugilina (Hemifusus) cochlidium and Pugilina erecta (Gastropoda: Melongenidae) from Thondi coast , Palk strait in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Lathasumathi Chokkalingam , Adikesavan Priya , Stella Chelladurai 
Published: June 2020

The environment is a selective force of an organism and its population. Knowledge of the environmental parameters of study area is thus an essential prerequisite to understand the composition of animal’s inhabitants and their distribution. In the present study the Ecology and Occurrence of two species of Pugilina (Hemifusus) cochlidium and Pugilina erecta along the coast of Thondi are influenced by the environmental factors with less significance. As these animals are bottom living, they were not much affected by changes in the environmental factors. In the present study the maximum temperature was recorded during summer season and the minimum during monsoon. The changes in the temperature have been proved to have meager influence in the distribution of these two species as the temperature variation was not sufficient enough to affect their distribution.Keywords: Pugilina (Hemifusus) cochlidium, Pugilina erecta, temperature, monsoon, distribution.
Toxicity of Crude Fruit Endocarp Extract of Calabash (Lagenaria siceraria) on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Juveniles
Authors: Ayorinde J. O. , Audu B. S. , Ogundeko T. O. , Ujah A. I. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Illicit disposal of scraped out endocarp of bottle gourds as part of processing activity for domestic use into the aquatic environment pose a big threat to the aquatic ecosystem. This study investigated the toxicity effects of crude fruit endocarp extracts of L. siceraria on C. gariepinus juveniles.
Methodology: 120 mixed sex of C. gariepinus juveniles of mean weight and length (19.59 ±0.42 g; 14.6 ±0.80 cm) respectively were investigated. The fish were divided into 6 groups of 10 fish in each aquarium containing 5, 20, 35, 50 and 65 mg/L concentration of aqueous extract of L. siceraria and 0.00 mg/L (control) respectively with replicates for Four (4) days for acute toxicity analysis. The animals were sacrificed and blood samples collected for biochemical and isolation of the gills and liver for histopathological studies.
Results: Experimental media pH, free carbon (iv) oxide, total alkalinity contents increased while dissolved oxygen decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in concentration in the acute bioassay. Temperature did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in all the groups thus, did not affect fish survival. Furthermore, AST, ALT and LDH profiles in blood serum of fish exposed to acute concentrations exhibited a significant increase (P<0.05) with increase in concentration. The exposed gills revealed progressive striking histological alterations viz. thickening and shortening of secondary lamellae, degeneration of connective tissue and complete loss of secondary lamella while the liver showed progressive histo-architectural distortions such as hepatic hypertrophy, cellular degeneration (necrosis), haemorrhage and intracellular infiltration with increase in concentration of the L. siceraria extract.
Conclusion: Aqueous extract of L. siceraria had adverse effect on juveniles of C. gariepinus, as evident in the negative modification of the body physiology via biochemical and histological investigations, thus toxic to the aquatic life. Further investigations on other vital organs - kidney, heart, GIT and the reproductive organs are recommended.
Blocking of Conducting Channels Widens Window for Ferroelectric Resistive Switching in Interface‐Engineered Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Tunnel Devices
Authors: Sulzbach Milena Cervo , Estandía Saúl , Gàzquez Jaume , Sánchez Florencio , Fina Ignasi , Fontcuberta Josep 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFilms of Hf0.5Z0.5O2 (HZO) contain a network of grain boundaries. In (111) HZO epitaxial films on (001) SrTiO3, for instance, twinned orthorhombic (o‐HZO) ferroelectric crystallites coexist with grain boundaries between o‐HZO and a residual paraelectric monoclinic (m‐HZO) phase. These grain boundaries contribute to the resistive switching response in addition to the genuine ferroelectric polarization switching and have detrimental effects on device performance. Here, it is shown that, by using suitable nanometric capping layer deposited on HZO film, a radical improvement of the operation window of the tunnel device can be achieved. Crystalline SrTiO3 and amorphous AlOx are explored as capping layers. It is observed that these layers conformally coat the HZO surface and allow to increase the yield and homogeneity of ferroelectric junctions while strengthening endurance. Data show that the capping layers block ionic‐like transport channels across grain boundaries. It is suggested that they act as oxygen suppliers to the oxygen‐getters grain boundaries in HZO. In this scenario it could be envisaged that these and other oxides could also be explored and tested for fully compatible CMOS technologies.
Phthalocyanine‐Based 2D Conjugated Metal‐Organic Framework Nanosheets for High‐Performance Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Mingchao , Shi Huanhuan , Zhang Panpan , Liao Zhongquan , Wang Mao , Zhong Haixia , Schwotzer Friedrich , Nia Ali Shaygan , Zschech Ehrenfried , Zhou Shengqiang , Kaskel Stefan , Dong Renhao , Feng Xinliang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract2D conjugated metal‐organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) are emerging as a novel class of conductive redox‐active materials for electrochemical energy storage. However, developing 2D c‐MOFs as flexible thin‐film electrodes have been largely limited, due to the lack of capability of solution‐processing and integration into nanodevices arising from the rigid powder samples by solvothermal synthesis. Here, the synthesis of phthalocyanine‐based 2D c‐MOF (Ni2[CuPc(NH)8]) nanosheets through ball milling mechanical exfoliation method are reported. The nanosheets feature with average lateral size of ≈160 nm and mean thickness of ≈7 nm (≈10 layers), and exhibit high crystallinity and chemical stability as well as a p‐type semiconducting behavior with mobility of ≈1.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature. Benefiting from the ultrathin feature, the nanosheets allow high utilization of active sites and facile solution‐processability. Thus, micro‐supercapacitor (MSC) devices are fabricated mixing Ni2[CuPc(NH)8] nanosheets with exfoliated graphene, which display outstanding cycling stability and a high areal capacitance up to 18.9 mF cm−2; the performance surpasses most of the reported conducting polymers‐based and 2D materials‐based MSCs.
Domain Engineering in ReS2 by Coupling Strain during Electrochemical Exfoliation
Authors: Yu Wei , Wang Zishen , Zhao Xiaoxu , Wang Junyong , Herng Tun Seng , Ma Teng , Zhu Zhiyu , Ding Jun , Eda Goki , Pennycook Stephen J. , Feng Yuan Ping , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChemical exfoliation has been used for the fast and large‐scale production of 2D nanosheets from graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides; however, it is rarely used for domain engineering of exfoliated nanosheets. Herein, it is found that the use of large sized molecular intercalants during electrochemical intercalation induce atomic row dislocation and parallel mirror twin boundaries (MTBs) on an otherwise pristine rhenium disulfide (ReS2) crystal, such that the exfoliated flakes possess a parallel, multi‐domain structure. These domains can be distinguished under a polarized microscope owing to the intrinsic in‐plane optical dichroic properties of ReS2, thereby affording a way to track the number of domains introduced versus the size of the molecular intercalant during electrochemical exfoliation. Ferromagnetism is detected on the intercalated sample using large sized molecular intercalants. Density function theory suggests that these may be due to the coupled effects of lattice strain and S vacancies in the MTBs.
Observation of Electrically Tunable van Hove Singularities in Twisted Bilayer Graphene from NanoARPES
Authors: Jones Alfred J. H. , Muzzio Ryan , Majchrzak Paulina , Pakdel Sahar , Curcio Davide , Volckaert Klara , Biswas Deepnarayan , Gobbo Jacob , Singh Simranjeet , Robinson Jeremy T. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kim Timur K. , Cacho Cephise , Lanata Nicola , Miwa Jill A. , Hofmann Philip , Katoch Jyoti , Ulstrup Søren 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe possibility of triggering correlated phenomena by placing a singularity of the density of states near the Fermi energy remains an intriguing avenue toward engineering the properties of quantum materials. Twisted bilayer graphene is a key material in this regard because the superlattice produced by the rotated graphene layers introduces a van Hove singularity and flat bands near the Fermi energy that cause the emergence of numerous correlated phases, including superconductivity. Direct demonstration of electrostatic control of the superlattice bands over a wide energy range has, so far, been critically missing. This work examines the effect of electrical doping on the electronic band structure of twisted bilayer graphene using a back‐gated device architecture for angle‐resolved photoemission measurements with a nano‐focused light spot. A twist angle of 12.2° is selected such that the superlattice Brillouin zone is sufficiently large to enable identification of van Hove singularities and flat band segments in momentum space. The doping dependence of these features is extracted over an energy range of 0.4 eV, expanding the combinations of twist angle and doping where they can be placed at the Fermi energy and thereby induce new correlated electronic phases in twisted bilayer graphene.
Electroluminescent Guest@MOF Nanoparticles for Thin Film Optoelectronics and Solid‐State Lighting
Authors: Gutiérrez Mario , Martín Cristina , Van der Auweraer Mark , Hofkens Johan , Tan Jin‐Chong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLight‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are an efficient source of lighting, with many commercial applications like general illumination, camera flashes, phone or laptop displays, and TV screens. However, they present certain limitations, including low‐quality color rendition, and the use of expensive/toxic rare‐earth elements. There is therefore an urgent need for the development of improved luminescent materials free of rare earths. Luminescent metal–organic framework (LMOF) materials are promising candidates for photonics devices. Most MOF‐LEDs reported are of the down‐converter type, where UV or blue LED are coated with LMOFs, however there is limited progress in the development of LED using LMOFs as the electroluminescent layer. Herein, it is reported a novel Guest@MOF composite synthesized by encapsulating a semiconducting Gaq3 metal complex [gallium(III) tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinato)], into the ZIF‐8 pore [Zn (2‐methylimidazolate)2], yielding a green‐yellowish luminescent material exhibiting a relatively high quantum yield of 15% upon photoexcitation. Subsequently, a down‐converter LED comprising 405‐nm violet LED coated with Gaq3@ZIF‐8, yielding a white MOF‐LED is shown. Then the use of Gaq3@ZIF‐8 as an electroluminescent layer in a hybrid‐LED, achieving an orange‐yellowish light emitting device is demonstrated. This work reveals the potential of LMOFs for next‐generation LED technology, by exploiting the Guest@MOF concept to enable electroluminescent applications.
A Review on the Latest Progress of Chan‐Lam Coupling Reaction
Authors: Chen Jin‐Quan , Li Jing‐Hang , Dong Zhi‐Bing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChan‐Lam reactions hold promise as one of the most efficient synthetic methods to construct various carbon‐heteroatom or carbon‐carbon bonds. Recently, a series of Chan‐Lam reactions were developed to boost organic synthesis. Herein, we summarized the latest research and progress of Chan‐Lam coupling to illustrate its synthetic value.magnified image
Fabricating Bioactive 3D Metal–Organic Framework Devices
Authors: Singh Ruhani , Souillard Guillaume , Chassat Lucile , Gao Yuan , Mulet Xavier , Doherty Cara M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTransforming the future capability to protect and restore vulnerable environments hinges on the ability to monitor them in real‐time with ever‐increasing sensitivity. Combining the precision and proficiency of biomolecules to signal the presence of low‐level toxins is key to developing water system monitoring that enables fast detection and remediation of pollution. Here, a 3D flow sensor is developed incorporating enzymes which can signal the presence of organic toxins from water systems over extended periods of time. The enzymes are encapsulated in a porous, crystalline metal–organic framework (MOF) cage, providing protection and stability. The inline flow device features a cutting‐edge 3D‐printed design to maximize flow and interfacial interactions between the encapsulated organophosphate degrading enzyme (OpdA) and the organophosphate based pollutants. The OpdA produces a yellow product on decomposition of the pollution that signals its presence. The porous protective MOF coating is key to this technology, structurally securing the enzyme while allowing the flow of reactant and thus the continuous breakdown of organic pollution over several days.
Metallic 1T Phase Tungsten Disulfide Microflowers for Trace Level Detection of Hg2+ Ions
Authors: Rahman Md Tawabur , Maruf Abdullah Al , Faisal Sakib , Pathak Rajesh , Reza Khan Mamun , Gurung Ashim , Hummel Matthew , Gu Zhengrong , Laskar Md Ashiqur Rahman , Rahman Sheikh Ifatur , Lamsal Buddhi Sagar , Qiao Qiquan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectrochemical sensors for mercury ion detection would ideally demonstrate wide linear detection ranges (LDRs), ultratrace sensitivity, and high selectivity. This work presents an electrochemical sensor based on metallic 1T phase tungsten disulfide (WS2) microflowers for the detection of trace levels of Hg2+ ions with wide LDRs, ultratrace sensitivity, and high selectivity. Under optimized conditions, the sensor shows excellent sensitivities for Hg2+ with LDRs of 1 nm–1 µm and 0.1–1 mm. In addition to this, the limit of detection of the sensor toward Hg2+ is 0.0798 nm or 79.8 pm, which is well below the guideline value recommended by the World Health Organization. The sensor exhibits excellent selectivity for Hg2+ against other heavy metal ions including Cu2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cr3+, K+, Na+, Ag+, Sn2+, and Cd2+. The thus‐obtained excellent sensitivity and selectivity with wide LDRs can be attributed to the high conductivity, large surface area microflower structured 1T‐WS2, and the complexation of Hg2+ ions with S2−. In addition to good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability, this sensor shows the practical feasibility of Hg2+ detection in tap water suggesting a promising device for real applications.
Stepwise Achievement of Circularly Polarized Luminescence on Atomically Precise Silver Clusters
Authors: Li Si , Yan Zhi‐Ping , Li Xin‐Lei , Kong Yu‐Jin , Li Hai‐Yang , Gao Guang‐Gang , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe weakly coordinated anionic nitrate ligands in a centrosymmetric Ag20 cluster are replaced in a stepwise manner by chiral amino acids and two achiral luminescent sulfonic‐group‐containing ligands while nearly maintaining the original silver(I) cage structure. This surface engineering enables the atomically precise Ag20 clusters to exhibit the high‐efficiency synergetic effects of chirality and fluorescence, producing rare circularly polarized luminescence among the metal clusters with a large dissymmetry factor of (|glum|) ≈ 5 × 10−3. This rational approach using joint functional ligands further opens a new avenue to diverse multifunctional metal clusters for promising applications.
Carboxylic Acid‐Functionalized Conjugated Polymer Promoting Diminished Electronic Drift and Amplified Proton Sensitivity of Remote Gates Compared to Nonpolar Surfaces in Aqueous Media
Authors: Jang Hyun‐June , Wagner Justine , Song Yunjia , Lee Taein , Katz Howard E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA systematic analysis is used to understand electrical drift occurring in field‐effect transistor (FET) dissolved‐analyte sensors by investigating its dependence on electrode surface‐solution combinations in a remote‐gate (RG) FET configuration. Water at pH 7 and neat acetonitrile, having different dipoles and polarizabilities, are applied to the RG surface of indium tin oxide, SiO2, hexamethyldisilazane‐modified SiO2, polystyrene, poly(styrene‐co‐acrylic acid), poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT), and poly [3‐(3‐carboxypropyl)thiophene‐2,5‐diyl] (PT‐COOH). It is discovered that in some cases a slow reorientation of dipoles at the interface induced by gate electric fields causes severe drift and hysteresis because of induced interface potential changes. Conductive and charged P3HT and PT‐COOH increase electrochemical stability by promoting fast surface equilibrations. It is also demonstrated that pH sensitivity of P3HT (17 mV per pH) is an indication of proton doping. PT‐COOH shows further enhanced pH sensitivity (30 mV per pH). This combination of electrochemical stability and pH response in PT‐COOH are proposed as advantageous for polymer‐based biosensors.
Orthogonal Electric Control of the Out‐Of‐Plane Field‐Effect in 2D Ferroelectric α‐In2Se3
Authors: Li Yue , Chen Chen , Li Wei , Mao Xiaoyu , Liu Heng , Xiang Jianyong , Nie Anmin , Liu Zhongyuan , Zhu Wenguang , Zeng Hualing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTuning the electric properties of crystalline solids is at the heart of material science and electronics. Generating the electric field‐effect via an external voltage is a clean, continuous, and systematic method. Here, utilizing the unique electric dipole locking in van der Waals (vdW) ferroelectric α‐In2Se3, a new approach is reported to establish the electric gating effect, where the electrostatic doping in the out‐of‐plane direction is induced and controlled by an in‐plane voltage. With the vertical vdW heterostructure of ultrathin α‐In2Se3 and MoS2, an in‐plane voltage gated coplanar field‐effect transistor with distinguished and retentive on/off ratio is validated. The results demonstrate unprecedented electric control of ferroelectricity, which paves the way for integrating 2D ferroelectric into novel nanoelectronic devices with broad applications.
Ultrastretchable, Self‐Healable, and Wearable Epidermal Sensors Based on Ultralong Ag Nanowires Composited Binary‐Networked Hydrogels
Authors: Zhao Wen , Qu Xinyu , Xu Qian , Lu Yao , Yuan Wei , Wang Wenjun , Wang Qian , Huang Wei , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStretchable and biocompatible flexible electronic devices are essential to meet the increasing demands of complex and multifunctional personal healthcare systems. To detect various external stimuli, noninvasively epidermal sensors with reliable and sustainable performances are desirable. Herein, ultrastretchable, self‐healable, and wearable epidermal sensors based on ultralong Ag nanowires (AgNWs) composited binary‐networked hydrogels are fabricated. The flexible hydrogel sensors can monitor dynamic strains in a wide range (4–3000%), realize high healing efficiency (94.3%) and strong adhesiveness, which is attributed to the strong covalent bond and reversible physical interaction structured binary‐network. The ultralong AgNWs network remains in direct contact under strain, ensures a rapid response to external stimuli. The strong interactions between polymer matrix and the nanowires endow the hydrogel sensors excellent sensitivity (gauge factor of 4.59) within a wide sensing range (0–850%). The cycling stability of the hydrogel sensors is further improved by the composition of AgNWs, presenting negligible degradation both on tension and compression. Based on the advantageous performances, the flexible stain sensors can differentiate complicated human motions and realize phonation recognition precisely, showing promising application in next‐generation wearable epidermal sensors with ultrabroad working range and high sensitivity.
The relationship between esophageal cancer mortality‐to‐incidence ratios of countries and ranking of world's health system
Authors: Chang Ming‐Hui , Huang Shih‐Ming , Sung Wen‐Wei , Yang Tzu‐Wei , Chen Hsuan‐Yi , Su Chang‐Cheng , Chen Wei‐Liang , Tsai Ming‐Chang , Wang Chi‐Chih 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe mortality‐to‐incidence ratio (MIR) is a marker that reflects the clinical outcome of cancer treatment. The MIR as a prognostic marker is more reliable and accessible when compared with the long‐term follow‐up survival survey. Theoretically, countries with good health care systems should have favorable cancer outcomes. However, no report has evidenced an association between MIR and countries' placement on the World Health Organization's (WHO) ranking of the world's health systems for esophageal cancer (EC). Therefore, we analyzed the correlation of MIRs with the WHO's rankings and total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (e/GDP) via linear regression analyses. In total, 35 countries were selected according to the data quality. The results showed similar crude rates of incidence/mortality but much lower age‐standardized rates (ASR) of incidence/mortality in more developed regions. Among the continents, Asia had both the highest crude rates and ASR of incidence/mortality. Regarding the MIR, Latin America and the Caribbean had the lowest MIR (0.80), while North America had the highest MIR (0.94). Furthermore, the MIRs of EC failed to correlate with a good WHO ranking and a high e/GDP (P = 0.475 and P = 0.591, respectively). Hence, not all cancer MIRs are associated with a country's health system ranking and their expenditure on health. The results suggest that more effective screening policies are needed to manage EC issues.