bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between stability and variability of the core in dynamic reaching tasks
Authors: Eriksrud Ola , Cabri Jan , Federolf Peter 
Published: November 2019

Core stability is important to many functional and athletic tasks. Motion variability has been proposed as a measure to characterize core stability. Based on motor learning theories, the current study hypothesized that variability and stability of core movements show a U-shaped relationship and further investigated whether functional range of motion (“mobility”) or speed of motion affect this relationship. Twenty-four healthy subjects performed 20 cycles of two different unilateral hand reaching tasks for both the left and right hand under stable and unstable conditions. Reach targets were positioned to trigger large core movements. Specifically, the anterior target was positioned midsagittal at arm length´s distance and hip height. Two posterior targets (60 degrees posterior to neutral stance frontal plane) on both the left and right side were high (at arm length distance and height with accrued 10 cm) and low (arm length distance at hip height). Kinematic data were recorded and three-dimensional angles between pelvis and thorax (core) were calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients and paired T-tests were calculated to assess variability, mobility and speed of the core movements. A parabolic function was fitted to the variability data and the quality of the fit was assessed by calculating adjusted R-squared values. In the sagittal plane, variability could be modeled with a U-shaped distribution; in the other planes of motion this was the case in 2 of 4 reaching tests. In two tests, movement speed changed between the stable and unstable conditions. Mobility did not appear to affect variability in the stable condition, but some correlations were observed in the unstable condition. The relationship between mobility and variability, and the change in variability were task-specific.
Single-Step Genome-Wide Association Study for Resistance to Piscirickettsia salmonis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Barria Agustin , Marín-Nahuelpi Rodrigo , Cáceres Pablo , López María E , Bassini Liane N , Lhorente Jean P , Yáñez José M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One of the main pathogens affecting rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farming is the facultative intracellular bacteria Piscirickettsia salmonis. Current treatments, such as antibiotics and vaccines, have not had the expected effectiveness in field conditions. Genetic improvement by means of selection for resistance is proposed as a viable alternative for control. Genomic information can be used to identify the genomic regions associated with resistance and enhance the genetic evaluation methods to speed up the genetic improvement for the trait. The objectives of this study were to i) identify the genomic regions associated with resistance to P. salmonis; and ii) identify candidate genes associated with the trait in rainbow trout. We experimentally challenged 2,130 rainbow trout with P. salmonis and genotyped them with a 57 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Resistance to P. salmonis was defined as time to death (TD) and as binary survival (BS). Significant heritabilities were estimated for TD and BS (0.48 ± 0.04 and 0.34 ± 0.04, respectively). A total of 2,047 fish and 26,068 SNPs passed quality control for samples and genotypes. Using a single-step genome wide association analysis (ssGWAS) we identified four genomic regions explaining over 1% of the genetic variance for TD and three for BS. Interestingly, the same genomic region located on Omy27 was found to explain the highest proportion of genetic variance for both traits (2.4 and 1.5% for TD and BS, respectively). The identified SNP in this region is located within an exon of a gene related with actin cytoskeletal organization, a protein exploited by P. salmonis during infection. Other important candidate genes identified are related with innate immune response and oxidative stress. The moderate heritability values estimated in the present study show it is possible to improve resistance to P. salmonis through artificial selection in the rainbow trout population studied here. Furthermore, our results suggest a polygenic genetic architecture for the trait and provide novel insights into the candidate genes underpinning resistance to P. salmonis in O. mykiss.
Maternal Priming of Offspring Immune System inDrosophila
Authors: Bozler Julianna , Kacsoh Balint Z , Bosco Giovanni 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImmune priming occurs when a past infection experience leads to a more effective immune response upon a secondary exposure to the infection or pathogen. In some instances, parents are able to transmit immune priming to their offspring, creating a subsequent generation with a superior immune capability, through processes that are not yet fully understood. Using a parasitoid wasp, which infects larval stages of Drosophila melanogaster, we describe an example of an intergenerational inheritance of immune priming. This phenomenon is anticipatory in nature and does not rely on parental infection, but rather, when adult fruit flies are cohabitated with a parasitic wasp, they produce offspring that are more capable of mounting a successful immune response against a parasitic macro-infection. This increase in offspring survival correlates with a more rapid induction of lamellocytes, a specialized immune cell. RNA-sequencing of the female germline identifies several differentially expressed genes following wasp exposure, including the peptiodoglycan recognition protein-LB (PGRP-LB). We find that genetic manipulation of maternal PGRP-LB identifies this gene as a key element in this intergenerational phenotype.
Genç Futbolcularda 10 x 25 m Tekrarlı Sprint ve 10 x (2 x 12.5 m) Tekrarlı Mekik Sprint Testlerinin Güvenirliği
Authors: HAZIR Tahir , KİN İŞLER Ayşe , EKİNCİ Yunus Emre 
Published: November 2019

Tekrarlı sprint testleri(TST)
kapsamında altın standart olarak kabul edilecek bir protokol olmadığı için spor
bilimleri alanında tekrarlı sprint yeteneğinin değerlendirildiği testlerin
güvenirliği önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı genç futbolcularda 30 saniye pasif
toparlanmalı 10 x 25 m düz koşu tekrarlı sprint (TST_D) ve 10 x (2 x 12.5 m) tekrarlı
mekik sprint testlerinde(TMS) ölçülen performans çıktılarının ve fizyolojik
yanıtların test-tekrar test güvenirliğini belirlemektir. Çalışmaya 15 genç
futbolcu (yaş: 17 ± 0.37 yıl; boy: 177.2 ± 6.06 cm; vücut ağırlığı: 68.1 ± 5.86
kg; spor yaşı: 6.73 ± 0.59 yıl) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılara
zemini suni çim olan futbol sahasında iki hafta içinde birbirini takip eden 2-3
gün ara ile ikişer kez TST_D ve TMS rastgele sıra ile uygulanmıştır. Testlerde
toplam sprint zamanı(TSZ), en hızlı sprint zamanı(EHSZ), en yavaş sprint
zamanı(EYSZ), laktik asit (dinlenik, test sonu ve toparlanma 3. dakikada), kalp
atım hızı (dinlenik, test esnasında ve toparlanma 3. dakikada) ve 6 ayrı formülle yorgunluk skorları
ölçülmüştür. Tekrarlı ölçümler arasındaki farklar için Bağımlı Gruplarda t Testi,
güvenirlik için sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı(SKK), tipik hata(TH) ve
varyasyon katsayısı olarak tipik hata(VK_TH) hesaplanmıştır. TMS’de tekrarlı
ölçümlerde performans bileşenleri benzer bulunurken(p&gt;0.05), TST_D’de anlamlı fark
saptanmıştır(p&lt;0.05). Her iki testte ölçülen performans bileşenleri için VK_TH
% 5’den düşük ancak SKK değerleri TMS için orta düzeyde, TST için düşük
düzeydedir. Her iki testte yorgunluk
skorlarının hesaplandığı 6 farklı formül için VK_TH kabul edilemez düzeyde
yüksek, SKK ise düşüktür. Her iki testte fizyolojik değişkenler için VK_TH
yüksek SKK ise orta ya da yüksek düzeydedir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları genç
futbolcularda TMS protokolünün güvenirliğinin TST_D’den daha yüksek olduğunu
göstermiştir. Genç futbolcularda tekrarlı sprint performansının ve fizyolojik
yanıtların değerlendirilmesinde TMS daha uygun bir protokoldür.
A gênese da eugenia e algumas reflexões contemporâneas
Authors: Almeida Maria Eneida de 
Published: November 2019

<strong>RESUMO:</strong> Este artigo destina-se a compreender as condições históricas da emergência da eugenia original, consolidada pela sociedade do século XIX, com um papel relevante na estruturação do Estado moderno capitalista, quando passou a ser uma ideologia individual, social, nacional, ocidental e científica. No século oitocentista, as relações de poder entre sociedade, Estado e ciência e os impactos na vida social e individual moldaram um mundo sob novos padrões baseados no paradigma social-darwinista, em um momento da história que se moldava um novo mundo e uma nova sociedade. Para esta pesquisa foi utilizado o método genealógico de Foucault, onde o saber é uma peça do mecanismo das relações de poder de uma sociedade e o corpo é um instrumento de dominação, e o sentido histórico dá a possibilidade de discriminar e delimitar os fatos originais da época em estudo. É com esta forma de olhar que buscamos esclarecer a emergência da eugenia no século XIX, sob uma ideia, palavra, conceito, ideologia e, ao final, a legitimidade da ciência eugênica. As considerações finais sublinham que entender a gênese da eugenia é essencial para se observar sua recorrência na contemporaneidade, visto que vivemos uma re-emergência eugênica – a nova eugenia, frente aos avanços da biotecnologia que busca possibilitar a longevidade, a cura para inúmeras doenças e, no limite, a “perfeição” humana, há séculos acalentada pela humanidade. Diante deste fato, o debate de grandes pensadores da biotecnologia contemporânea aponta algumas contradições inerentes a este processo.
EDIT Un deslinde frente al paradigma de la autenticidad: Tensión entre subalternidad y autonomía en Monólogo desde las tinieblas
Authors: Carrillo Jara Daniel 
Published: November 2019

En este artículo, se propone un análisis de los cuentos de Monólogo desde las tinieblas desde el enfoque arxista.Por esa razón, se discute, en primer lugar, el paradigma de la autenticidad como elemento central en la crítica de la literatura afroperuana (especialmente, en el caso del libro de Antonio Gálvez Ronceros). Por otra parte, se propone la importancia del contexto de subordinación, el cual se encuentra en tensión con los procesos de insubordinación y la búsqueda de autonomía, para el sentido estético y ético de los cuentos.
Identifying and intervening for childhood obesity in paediatric outpatient settings
Authors: Ellis Nicola , Bartley Angela , Allen Alexander Nicholas , Clift Michael , Miguel Ronelle , Rodger Alison 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obese children attending a paediatric outpatient clinic and explore opportunities and barriers for staff to raise the issue of healthy weight families. Methods: A retrospective review of children’s outpatient clinic notes in a hospital in London, UK during one week was undertaken to collate height and weight measurements and calculate (Body-Mass-Index) BMI centile. Qualitative interviews were conducted with staff to explore attitudes and opportunities to discuss weight Results: Of children included (n=236) Two fifths (41.1%, n=97) had height and weight recorded. BMI centile was calculated for 79.4% of those (n=77). A quarter (26% [95% CI: 13-30%], n=20) were overweight (>91st centile) or obese (>98th centile). Nursing staff reported that the period taking height and weight measurements was not a good opportunity to raise the issue of weight, due to lack of time, lack of knowledge of patient’s medical history and not having BMI centile available. Conclusion: Over one in four children attending the paediatric clinic were overweight or obese. Nursing staff need support and training to feel confident to incorporate discussions around healthy weight into their role and to make the most of opportunities to make every contact count.
Competency of Level-4 Health Extension Workers to provide Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives: A task shifting initiative in Ethiopia
Authors: Teklu Alula M. , Yimam Hamid , Medhin Girmay , Tesfay Teklemichael Gebru 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background : The Ethiopian health system has been facing challenge to meet the growing desire for family planning service. Shortage of trained service providers at a primary care setting is one of the reasons for unmet need to access Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs). To investigate feasibility of task shifting of providing LARCs, community health extension workers (CHEWs) were trained in four Regions of Ethiopia on how to insert and remove contraceptive of implant and Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD). Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude and skill of the trained health extension workers to provide LARC. Methods : A cross sectional study was employed from April to May 2017 in four feasibility study regions of Ethiopia, namely; Amhara, Oromia, Tigray, and Southern Nation, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR). Data were collected from 66 health extensions who give the service of 402 IUCD and 793 implants. The collected quantitative data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25.0 for window. Results : Nearly two-third (62.7%) of L4HEWs had good level of knowledge of counseling for LARC. Using anatomical model L4HEWs completely performed all steps for around 58.5% Implanon, 30.6% Jadelle and 22% IUCD insertions. Conclusions : With adequate training and supportive supervision, L4HEWs can provide high-quality implant insertions. The IUCD insertion and removal needs careful consideration. Despite the possibility of improving uptake of LARC services by training more L4HEWs, there is a need to improve the skill of IUCD insertion and removal before scale up the intended task sharing.
Substance Use Disorder in the Emergency Department: Approaches to Estimating Prevalence
Authors: Punches Brittany , Hart Kimberly W. , Lindsell Christopher J , Mandler Raul , Delrahim-Howlett Katia , Lyons Michael S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Understanding the prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) in emergency department (ED) settings could facilitate prevention and treatment responses to the epidemic. However, little information is available on the true prevalence of SUD in the ED population. We characterized 1) methods for determining the prevalence of substance use and SUDs within an ED, and 2) the degree to which prevalence differs between geographically proximate EDs. Methods: This cross-sectional, multi-hospital study analyzed data from prior studies and electronic health records (EHR). Our data sources included 1) interviews of a population-based sample of ED patients, 2) chart review for a cohort of ED patients, and 3) ICD-9 codes from an urban, academic trauma center. In addition, ICD-9 codes were obtained for three geographically proximate hospitals of differing type. The sampling methods and ED settings were compared descriptively in terms of their population characteristics and estimated prevalence of SUDs. Results: Prevalence of SUDs at the urban academic center was extremely high, particularly when measured by prospective survey, but also with chart review. Use over the prior year (binge drinking, illicit drug use, or treatment for alcohol or drug use) as determined by self-report and chart review respectively was: 41.9% and 15.2% for alcohol, 36.2% and 21.6% for drugs, and 59.2% and 30.4% for either. Estimates using ICD-9 codes indicated a far lower prevalence of substance use and suggest differences between EDs. Conclusions: SUDs are highly prevalent in ED populations, though significant variability between EDs is likely. SUDs are infrequently coded, suggesting that clinicians may be unaware of SUDs, or that discharge coding is insufficient to understand and respond to SUDs. Feasible and efficacious methods of identification and documentation of SUDs is an urgent priority to aid efforts to facilitate health services planning and quality improvement, and enable pragmatic clinical trials.
Examination of preterm babies for ROP referred to an eye department from an urban and semi-urban neonatal intensive care unit: implications for practice.
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Dave Prachi Abhishek , Gurav Prachi , Agarwal Manisha , Jajoo Mamta , Gupta Vidit 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: To study and analyse the factors affecting the proportion of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) distribution between the urban and semi-urban regions in North India.
Methods: Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study. All babies referred for ROP examination by paediatricians or other general ophthalmologists between 2013 – 2016 were included in the study. Demographic, clinical and treatment related findings were recorded.
Results: Five hundred and fifty-eight (467: urban & 91: semi urban) babies were examined for ROP. The mean birth weight in the urban and semi-urban setting was 1348.6 ± 395.21 gm and 1703.77 ± 401.76 gm respectively. The mean gestational age was 30.99 ± 2.93 weeks and 30.73 ± 2.08 weeks in the urban and semi-urban cohorts respectively. The average time for first ophthalmic examination following birth was 23.82 ± 13.69 (range: 3-77) days in the urban and 101.16 ± 238.26 (range: 13- 330) days in the semi-urban setting. 94% of the babies completed all screening examination visits. Any ROP was identified in 11.6% and 33.0% of the urban and semi-urban cohorts respectively; Type 1 was detected in 7.5% of urban babies and 23.1% of semi-urban babies
Conclusion: Differences in the proportion of babies developing any ROP and Type 1 ROP between the semi-urban and urban groups is likely due to selection bias, as a high proportion of semi-urban babies did not attend for examination or failed to complete all the examinations necessary. This was particularly true for females. More needs to be done to increase access to regular, systematic screening of preterm babies within neonatal units.
Análise do perfil sociodemográfico e profissional do Promotor de eventos de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana (Paraná, Brasil)
Authors: Aquino Mayna de , Teles Margarete Araujo 
Published: November 2019

Os eventos se configuram por uma junção de recursos físicos e materiais cujo papel dos recursos humanos é fundamental para que haja uma organização planejada, atingindo a excelência. Neste sentido, conhecer o perfil dos profissionais de eventos, permite verificar qual sua importância no desenvolvimento das atividades pertinentes a área. Portanto este estudo analisa o perfil profissional dos profissionais de eventos, tema pouco explorado na literatura acadêmica: os promotores de eventos. Assim, por meio da aplicação de formulário online procurou-se identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e profissional dos promotores de eventos de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana (RM). Os principais resultados apontam que os profissionais que atuam na área de gestão e operacionalização têm formação em marketing e publicidade e tem rendimento médio de 1 a 3 salários mínimos escolhendo trabalhar com eventos porque lhes permite ter dias para organizar a vida pessoal, devido aos contratos serem temporários e o pagamento por diária. As expectativas foram alcançadas e são apresentadas análises e interpretações dos resultados traçando um perfil sociodemográfico e profissional.
Palavras-chave: Eventos. Planejamento. Operacionalização. Promotores de Eventos.
microRNAs in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Vasu Mahesh Mundalil , Sumitha Puthiripadath S. , Rahna Parakkal , Thanseem Ismail , Anitha Ayyappan 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Efforts to unravel the extensive impact of the non-coding elements of the human genome
on cell homeostasis and pathological processes have gained momentum over the last couple of decades. miRNAs
refer to short, often 18-25 nucleotides long, non-coding RNA molecules which can regulate gene expression.
Each miRNA can regulate several mRNAs.

Methods:
This article reviews the literature on the roles of miRNAs in autism.

Results:
Considering the fact that ~ 1% of the human DNA encodes different families of miRNAs, their overall
impact as critical regulators of gene expression in the mammalian brain should be immense. Though the autism
spectrum disorders (ASDs) are predominantly genetic in nature and several candidate genes are already identified,
the highly heterogeneous and multifactorial nature of the disorder makes it difficult to identify common
genetic risk factors. Several studies have suggested that the environmental factors may interact with the genetic
factors to increase the risk. miRNAs could possibly be one of those factors which explain this link between genetics
and the environment.

Conclusion:
In the present review, we have summarized our current knowledge on miRNAs and their complex
roles in ASD, and also on their therapeutic applications.
Application of Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sain Shalu , Jain Sonika , Srivastava Manish , Vishwakarma Rajendra , Dwivedi Jaya 
Published: November 2019

:
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have gained a continuously growing
interest of synthetic organic chemists. The present review gives a brief account of applications of
the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in comprehensive synthesis, viz., the Heck, Stille,
Suzuki–Miyaura, Negishi, Sonogashira, Buchwald–Hartwig, Ullmann and the Oxidative,
decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions, with particular emphasis on the synthesis of heterocyclic
compounds.
Efficacy and Safety of Non-Steroidal Anti-Androgens in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Rashid Muhammed , Ramesh Madhan , Shamshavali K. , Dang Amit , Patel Himanshu , Undela Krishna 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the sixth primary cause of cancer death. However,
conflicts are present about the efficacy and safety of Non-steroidal anti-androgens (NSAA) for its
treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of NSAAs versus any comparator
for the treatment of advanced or metastatic PCa (mPCa).

Methodology:
MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were searched. References of included studies and
clinicaltrials.gov were also searched for relevant studies. Only English language studies after 1990
were considered for review. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy and safety
of NSAAs as compared with any other comparator including surgery or chemotherapy in mPCa patients
were included. The outcomes include efficacy, safety and the tolerability of the treatment. The
Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used for quality assessment. Two authors were independently
involved in the selection, extraction and quality assessment of included studies and disagreements
were resolved by discussion or by consulting a third reviewer.

Results:
Fifty-eight out of 1307 non-duplicate RCTs with 29154 patients were considered for the review.
NSAA showed significantly better progression-free survival [PFS] (Hazard ratio [HR], 0.60;
95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.78; P=0.0001), time to distant metastasis or death [TTD] (HR,
0.80; 95% CI 0.73-0.91; p<0.0001), objective response (Odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% CI 1.06-2.54;
P=0.03) and clinical benefits (OR, 1.33; 95% CI 1.08-1.63; P=0.006) as compared to the control
group. There was no significant difference observed between the groups in terms of overall survival
(HR, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.87-1.03; P=0.18) and time to progression (HR, 0.93; 95% CI 0.77-1.11;
P=0.43). Treatment-related adverse events were more with the NSAA group, but the discontinuation
due to lack of efficacy reason was 43% significantly lesser than the control group in patients with
mPCa. Rest of the outcomes were appeared to be non-significant.

Conclusion:
Treatment with NSAA was appeared to be better efficacious with respect to PFS, TTD,
and response rate with considerable adverse events when compared to the control group in patients
with metastatic PCa.