bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coincidence Analysis: A New Method for Causal Inference in Implementation Science
Authors: Whitaker Rebecca Garr , Sperber Nina , Baumgartner Michael , Thiem Alrik , Cragun Deborah , Damschroder Laura , Miech Edward J. , Slade Alecia , Birken Sarah A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Implementation of multifaceted interventions typically involves many diverse elements working together in interrelated ways, including intervention components, implementation strategies, and features of local context. Given this real-world complexity, implementation researchers may be interested in a new mathematical, cross-case method called Coincidence Analysis (CNA) that has been designed explicitly to support causal inference, answer research questions about combinations of conditions that are minimally necessary or sufficient for an outcome, and identify the possible presence of multiple causal paths to an outcome. CNA can be applied as a standalone method or in conjunction with other approaches, and can reveal new empirical findings related to implementation that might otherwise have gone undetected. Methods: We applied CNA to a publicly available dataset from Sweden with county-level data on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination campaigns and vaccination uptake in 2012 and 2014 and then compared CNA results to the published regression findings. Results: The original regression analysis found vaccination uptake was positively associated only with the availability of vaccines in schools. CNA produced different findings and uncovered an additional solution path: high vaccination rates were achieved by either (1) offering the vaccine in all schools or (2) a combination of offering the vaccine in some schools and media coverage. Conclusions: CNA offers a new comparative approach for researchers seeking to understand how implementation conditions work together and link to outcomes.Contributions to the literature· Coincidence Analysis (CNA) represents a new mathematical, cross-case method for researchers evaluating the implementation of complex interventions in dynamic settings.· CNA can address multiple dimensions of real-world complexity, including conjunctivity (where several conditions must be jointly present to bring about an outcome) and equifinality (where different paths can lead to the same outcome). CNA can also detect causal chains, where conditions lead to an intermediary outcome, which then leads to the final outcome. · Intentionally designed to investigate different hypotheses and uncover different properties of causal structures than more traditional approaches, CNA can identify implementation-related findings that might otherwise go undetected.
FTO alleviates Aβ1-40 induced retinal pigment epithelium degeneration via PKA/CREB signaling pathway
Authors: Hu YiFan , Chen JieQiong , Sun JunRan , Wang YuWei , Huang PeiRong , Feng JingYang , Liu Te , Sun XiaoDong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Amyloid-β (Aβ), a component of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) hallmark drusen, induces retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell degeneration and promotes the progress of AMD. Evidence shows that epigenetics mechanism is involved in the regulation of AMD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and its demethylase the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) in Aβ-mediated degeneration.
Methods

The molecular characteristics and morphology of FTO were examined by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence. Inhibition of FTO was conducted to analyze its function on cell survival. Ocular Coherence Tomography and Fundus Photography was performed to evaluate the fundus of animal models. m6A-mRNA Epi-transcriptomic microarray, bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification were used to explore the potential molecular mechanism and signaling pathway.
Results

We found overexpression of FTO in Aβ model and demonstrated that inhibition of FTO by the sodium form of Meclofenamic acid (MA1) aggravated RPE impairment. Mechanistically, we identified protein kinase A (PKA) as FTO’s mediating target and found that FTO epigenetically demethylated PKA mRNA and decreased PKA expression, leading to suppressed PKA/ cyclin AMP-responsive element binding (CREB) signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of FTO promoted PKA/CREB signaling pathway inducing greater RPE degeneration and death.
Conclusions

These data demonstrated the functional significance of FTO in Aβ-induced RPE degeneration and the regulatory mechanism of PKA/CREB signaling pathway, implying FTO as a potentially therapeutic target for AMD.
Development and validation of a novel stem cell subtype for bladder cancer based on stem genomic profiling
Authors: Tang Chaozhi , Ma Jiakang , Liu Xiuli , Liu Zhengchun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Bladder cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide, with high recurrence and progression rates. Although considerable progress has been made in the treatment of bladder cancer through accurate typing of molecular characteristics, little is known about the various genetic and epigenetic changes that have evolved in stem and progenitor cells. Thus, we developed a novel stem cell typing method to fill this gap.
Methods
Based on six published genomic data sets, we used 26 stem cell gene sets to classify each data set. Unsupervised and supervised machine learning methods were used to perform the classification.
Results
We classified BLCA into three subtypes—high stem cell enrichment (SCE_H), medium stem cell enrichment (SCE_M), and low stem cell enrichment (SCE_L)—based on multiple cross-platform data sets. The stability and reliability of the classification were verified. The stemness index obtained from the one-class logistic regression machine learning method showed that the degree of tumor stem cell enrichment was not proportional to the stemness index. Compared with the other subtypes, SCE_H showed the highest degree of cancer stem cell concentration, lowest stemness index, and highest level of immune cell infiltration and was the most sensitive to predicted immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. However, this group showed the worst prognosis. Comparison of gene set enrichment analysis results for pathway enrichment of various subtypes revealed that the SCE_H subtype activates some important pathways regulating cancer occurrence, development, and even poor prognosis, including epithelial mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, angiogenesis, KRAS signal up-regulation, the interleukin 6-mediated Jak-STAT signaling pathway, and inflammatory response. Two identified pairs of transcription factors, GRHL2 and GATA6 and IRF5 and GATA3, likely have opposite regulatory effects on SCE_H and SCE_L, respectively.
Conclusions
The identification of BLCA subtypes based on cancer stem cell gene sets revealed the complex mechanism of carcinogenesis causing BLCA and provides a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of BLCA.
Network pharmacology of AYUSH recommended immune-boosting medicinal plants against COVID-19
Authors: Khanal Pukar , Duyu Taaza , Dey Yadu Nandan , Patil B M , Pasha Iasmail , Wanjari Manish 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The Ministry of AYUSH recommended the use of a decoction of the mixture of Ocimum tenuiflorum, Cinnamomum verum, Piper nigrum, Zingiber officinale, and Vitis vinifera as a preventive measure to boost immunity and to inhibit the severity of infection caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Objective: The present study aimed to identify the probable modulated pathways via AYUSH recommended formulation as an immune booster against COVID-19.Materials and methods: Reported phytoconstituents of all the plants were retrieved from the ChEBI database, and their targets were predicted using DIGEP-Pred. STRING database and Cytoscape were used to predict the protein-protein interaction and construct the network interaction respectively. Likewise, MolSoft and admetSAR2.0 were used to predict the druglikeness score and ADMET profile of phytoconstituents. Results: The study identified the modulation of HIF-1, p53, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, cAMP, Ras, Wnt, NF-kappa B, IL-17, TNF, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathways to boost the immune system. Further, multiple pathways were also identified which are involved in the regulation of pathogenesis of the multiple infections and non-infectious diseases due to the lower immune system.Conclusion: Results indicated that the recommended herbal formulation not only modulated the pathways related to boost the immune system but also modulated the multiple pathways that are contributing in the progression of multiple disease pathogenesis which would add the beneficial effect in the special subjects like patients from hypertension and diabetes in which 4-hydroxychloroquine therapeutic approach cannot be made. The study provides the scientific documentation of the role of the Ayurvedic formulation to combat COVID-19.
A quick laboratory method for assessment of blood penetration and splash resistance of PPE fabrics during the COVID-19 pandemic situation
Authors: Chaurasia R. K. , Yadav U. , Bhat N. N. , Sapra B. K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the current outbreak of COVID-19, healthcare facilities are hit by a shortage of supply of Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) owing to extensive local and global demands and restrictions on their import or export. To circumvent this, trials with several indigenous materials suitable to qualify for PPEs and sterilisation techniques for their reuse are being carried out. Prior to their commercialisation or reuse, it is imperative to evaluate the resistance of the PPE-fabrics against penetration of synthetic blood under applied pressure in the range of 40 - 300 mmHg as per test standards. Generally, two types of tests are recommended, namely, the Penetration Test and Splash Resistance Test, the former being more stringent. While the final certification of PPEs is carried out by authorised agencies, a first impression quick estimate of the choice of fabric can be made by using a simple laboratory set up. This study describes set ups developed in the laboratory to carry out these tests. Evaluation of the fabrics, post-gamma irradiation, was also carried out. Microscopic examinations were performed to investigate radiation induced structural changes in fabrics showing degraded performance. The developed set ups are useful for selection of fabrics and to assess the feasibility of reuse of PPEs, which is the need of the hour in this pandemic situation.
Evaluation of the Prevalence of Sleep Disorder Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Referring to Ghaem Hospital from 2016 to 2017
Authors: Khorasani Zahra M. , Ravan Vahid R. , Hejazi Sepideh 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:
Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in primary health care. The
prevalence and severity of diabetes can be influenced through lifestyle modification. This study was
aimed to identify the prevalence of sleep disorders as a modifiable lifestyle factor among diabetic
patients.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 patients with type 2 diabetes
mellitus who referred to the Internal Medicine Clinic of the Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran from 2016
to 2017. A demographic questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Assessment questionnaire (with
sleep disorder defined as scores higher than 5) was filled for each subject. Blood tests including
haemoglobin A1 C (Hb A1C), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and 2 hour post prandial glucose as well as the
assessment of blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were performed for all patients. Data were
analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16.

Results:
Age of the patients (with male to female ratio being 71/119s) was 56.31 ± 7.37 years. BMI of
more than 25 kg/m2was observed in 145 (76.3%) of patients. Mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality
Assessment score was 7.48 ± 4.11. Fifty-one (26.8%) patients were good sleepers and 139 (73.2%) were
poor sleepers. There was a significant relationship between sleep disorder and age (p=0.019) and female
gender (p=0.017), but no other variables which included level of education, occupation, HbA1 C, FBS,
2-hour post prandial glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Discussion:
Sleep disorders are common among type 2 diabetic patients especially women. It is
recommended that sleep disorders should be screened in diabetic patients. Treatment and prevention of
sleep disorders through sleep hygiene education including recommendation to have normal nocturnal
sleep should be focused by practitioners in type 2 diabetic patients, especially women. Appropriate
measures should be taken to manage sleep disorders by weight control in this population.
Analgesic Equivalent Days:
A Novel Approach to Assess Chronic Analgesic Use in the Population
Authors: Ortiz Michael S. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
There is no simple method to compare the use of multiple analgesic products in mild to moderate pain. The aim of this study is to validate a new tool to assess analgesic use.

Methods:
A measure of Analgesic Equivalent Days (AEDs) was developed using Defined Daily Doses (DDD) and the total mg of each analgesic over a 12 month period. Comparisons were made using analgesic class and all analgesics combined.

Results:
In a group of newly initiated patients with Osteoarthritis, AEDs values indicated that patients received around 70% of AEDs from paracetamol, 20% from NSAIDs and 10% from opioids. AEDs were similar between the two paracetamol formulations. However, one group took 8 more AEDs of NSAIDs, while the other group took 7 more AEDs of opioids.

Conclusion:
Even though the total AED scores, there was no significant difference in total analgesic use between the two formulations, differences were found among the analgesic classes. The AED methodology was sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate that one group of patients climbed higher up the analgesic ladder than the other group. AEDs are easy to calculate and seem to produce valid outcomes from both a statistical and a clinically meaningful perspective.
Járműveknél fellépő veszteségforrások elemzése
Authors: Pálinkás Sándor , Juhász György , Szodrai Ferenc 
Published: May 2020

A jármű üzemanyag fogyasztását jelentős mértékben befolyásolják a különböző veszteségek, ilyenek a gépjárműben keletkező veszteség (pl. csapágy veszteségek, a hajtásban, hajtóműben keletkező veszteségek stb.), a légellenállás vagy a gumiabroncsok gördülési ellenállása. Fontos tény, hogy üzemanyag-megtakarítást csak az üzem közben létrejövő veszteségek csökkentésével lehet elérni.
Kutatómunkánk célkitűzése, hogy definiáljuk a járművekben fellépő veszteségeket és azok meghatározási módszereit. A későbbiekben az így meghatározott értékek bemenő adatként fognak szolgálni járműenergetikai számítások modellezésénél.
Citizen-Patient Involvement in the Development of mHealth Technology: Protocol for a Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Bjerkan Jorunn , Kane Bridget , Uhrenfeldt Lisbeth , Veie Marit , Fossum Mariann 
Published: May 2020

Background
The development of mobile technology for information retrieval and communication, both at individual and health organizational levels, has been extensive over the last decade. Mobile health (mHealth) technology is rapidly adapting to the health care service contexts to improve treatment, care, and effectiveness in health care services.

Objective
The overall aim of this scoping review is to explore the role of citizen-patient involvement in the development of mHealth technology in order to inform future interventions. By identifying key characteristics of citizen-patient involvement in system development, we aim to improve digital communication and collaboration between health care providers and citizen-patients, including sharing of health care data.

Methods
The systematic scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews by searching literature in 3 steps. We will include literature reporting on the public, citizens, and patients participating in the development of mobile technology for health care purposes in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. A preliminary search was completed in MEDLINE and Scopus. The screening process will be conducted by 2 of the authors. Data will be extracted using a data extraction tool prepared for the study.

Results
The study is expected to identify research gaps that will inform and motivate the development of mHealth technology. The final report is planned for submission to an indexed journal in November 2020.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this review will be the first review to provide knowledge about how citizen-patients participate in system developments for mHealth tools and the value that such involvement adds to the system development process.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/16781
A Digital Substance-Use Harm Reduction Intervention for Students in Higher Education (MyUSE): Protocol for Project Development
Authors: Dick Samantha , Vasiliou Vasilis S , Davoren Martin P , Dockray Samantha , Heavin Ciara , Linehan Conor , Byrne Michael 
Published: May 2020

Background
Digital interventions have been identified as a possible tool for reducing the harm caused by illicit drug use among students attending higher education (ie, college students). However, the success of interventions in this area has been hampered by a lack of user involvement and behavior change theory in their design. The My Understanding of Substance use Experiences (MyUSE) project combines a rigorous user-centered design (UCD) methodology and a robust behavioral change framework to develop a digitally delivered harm reduction intervention for illicit drug use among students in higher education.

Objective
This project aims to design and develop a digital intervention that targets drug use–related harm among students in higher education.

Methods
The MyUSE project will take place over 3 phases. The first phase was exploratory in nature, involving 3 systematic reviews, a large survey, and student workshops to gather a comprehensive evidence base to guide the project. The second phase is the development stage of the project, involving the use of the Behavior Change Wheel theoretical framework to determine the behavior change techniques of the intervention and the use of the UCD methodology to guide the development of the digital intervention. The third phase is the evaluation stage, whereby the intervention will undergo a 5-stage evaluation process to comprehensively evaluate its impacts.

Results
The exploratory phase 1 of the MyUSE project was completed in December 2018. Phase 2 is currently underway, and phase 3 is due to begin in September 2020.

Conclusions
Higher education institutions (HEIs) are ideally placed to intervene and support students in the area of illicit drug use but are constrained by limited resources. Current digital interventions in this area are sparse and have several weaknesses. The MyUSE project combines a UCD approach with a robust behavior change framework to develop a digitally delivered intervention that is economically viable, effective in changing behavior, usable and acceptable to students, and able to sustain long-term implementation in HEIs.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/17829
Drawing the Short Straw: Disproportional Effects of Russian Sanctions on Central Europe and the Baltic States
Authors: Dufalla Jacqueline 
Published: May 2020

In 2014, the agricultural sanctions Russia imposed on the European Union (EU) had a perceivable impact on the EU’s economy. Yet the sanctions arguably had a disproportionate impact, which suggests they were particularly successful in exposing underlying issues within the EU. Specifically, former Soviet bloc countries and southern European countries were far more greatly impacted by the sanctions than the larger western EU member states. This brings to light problems of disproportionate representation of member states within decision-making processes (especially within the Committee for Agriculture and Rural Development), and the fragility of the EU's internal cohesion. By comparing typical decision-making processes of the EU with its responses during times of crisis, it becomes clear that the EU’s decision-making process and its internal cohesion with regard to economic assistance for former Soviet states, are vulnerable to Russia’s actions. The essay will conclude with recommendations on how to improve EU decision-making during times of crisis to counter this vulnerability.
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v10i1.261
Making and authenticating the citizen: Naturalisation and passport application in Canada
Authors: Frost Catherine 
Published: May 2020

How do ‘we’ know our fellow citizens? This paper considers two processes where recognition occurs in the Canadian context: passports and naturalisation. Using document and policy analysis we argue there are two major forms of knowledge called upon to sort insiders from outsiders. Mechanical knowledge involves tests and evaluations driven by document-matching, biometrics and fact-checking exercises. Moral knowledge concerns the kind of lives we live among our peers and our intentions towards the political community. We note that in the Canadian case tensions exist between expectation and reality around citizen recognition. The state increasingly aspires to know the citizen through procedural checks or material observation yet encounters limitations that require some form of interpersonal knowledge rooted in human-to-human relationships. Drawing on these processes, in conclusion we suggest that how knowledge about citizenship is framed serves to sort outsiders from insiders, endorses specific behaviours over others, and empowers the state to redefine the meaning of citizenship.
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v11i1.257
Crisis, Contestation and Social Order in Europe: A Sympoietic Analysis
Authors: Cherry Keith 
Published: May 2020

Europe is facing multiple existential crises at once. I argue that these crises are rooted in larger, older patterns of structural contestation that have always animated the EU. Drawing from these patterns, I contend that there are at least two conceptions of social order at work within the EU – an autopoietic model based on bounded hierarchy and a sympoietic model based on decentralization and compromise. I argue that the autopoietic aspects of the Union, and neo-liberal representative democracy in particular, continually produce systemic crises. At the same time, sympoietic practices of inter-institutional adjustment allow us to weather such challenges, albeit imperfectly. Ultimately, I conclude that escaping the cycle of structural crisis requires moving more definitively towards sympoiesis by radically decentralizing and democratizing political and economic power in Europe.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v12i1.1231
Towards a New EU: Why Populism Can Save the European Union
Authors: Drago Alessandro 
Published: May 2020

Europe has seen an alarming increase of populist parties throughout the last two decades. The European debt crisis has only added to their strength and support, and Eurosceptic attitudes have only increased, as exemplified by the recent Brexit vote. However, this exploratory paper will argue that the crisis to which populism has given rise allows the EU to critically reflect on itself and fix many of the fatal flaws that the increase in populist support has pointed out. It will be argued that the EU needs to create a strong civic society to help mend its democratic deficit. Finally, it will be argued that by incorporating particular elements of populist thought and critique (i.e., democratization and fairer economic policies), that is, implanting an “alter-europeanization,” that the ugly side of populism (its xenophobia and racism) will begin to lose support within European countries.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v12i1.1234