bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of chitosan as pharmaceutical excipient in ocular drug delivery systems: Sterilization and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Franca Juçara R. , Fuscaldi Leonardo L. , Ribeiro Tatiana G. , Foureaux Giselle , Cesar Aina L. A. , Castilho Rachel O. , Cronemberger Sebastião , Ferreira Anderson J. , Fernandes Simone O. A. , Cardoso Valbert N. , Faraco André A. G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of chitosan as a pharmaceutical excipient in the ocular field is already established. Nevertheless, some aspects related to its ocular administration, such as sterilization and excipient's pharmacokinetics, remain unclear. So, in this study, we evaluated those two relevant aspects, related to chitosan administration in eye. We used chitosan‐based ocular inserts (CI) as formulation model. CI were produced by solvent/casting method and sterilized by saturated steam. Sterilization was confirmed by direct inoculation of inserts in suitable microbiological growth media. Physicochemical characterization of inserts before and after sterilization was performed. Results suggested that, although steam sterilization changed the arrangement of the matrix, the heat and the humidity did not modify the structure of the main polymeric chain. Pharmacokinetics of CI radiolabeled with technetium‐99m (99mTc) was assessed by scintigraphic images and ex vivo biodistribution study, after ocular administration in male Wistar rats. Scintigraphic and images analysis and ex vivo biodistribution study showed that the insert remained mainly in the eye until 6 hr after administration and its degradation products began to migrate to the abdominal cavity after 18 hr. Together, these data represent an important step forward the manufacturing and the clinical application of CI in the ophthalmic field.
Osteoporosis Treatments Affect Bone Matrix Maturation in a Rat Model of Induced Cortical Remodeling
Authors: Ross Ryan D , Anderson Kyle , Davison Reid , El‐Masri Bilal M , Andreasen Christina M , Andersen Thomas L , Sumner Dale R 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTTo test how osteoporosis drugs affect bone matrix maturation during cortical bone remodeling, 72 pregnant rats were switched from a 0.4% to a 0.01% calcium diet at parturition for a 23‐day lactation period. At weaning, eight dams were sacrificed to establish baseline values, while the remaining dams were returned to 0.4% calcium and treated with vehicle (saline), sodium fluoride (NaF), zoledronic acid (ZA), or sclerostin antibody (Scl‐Ab) for either 7 or 28 days (eight animals per group per time point). Femora were examined by μCT, dynamic histomorphometry, Fourier transform infrared imaging, and three‐point bending of notched specimens. Cortical porosity decreased in all groups from baseline to day 28. Intracortical mineralizing surface (MS/BS) and mineral apposition rate (MAR), as well as the mineral‐to‐matrix ratio were unaffected by treatment, but intracortical crystallinity was increased in the ZA group at day 10 compared with vehicle. Cortical area increased in all groups over 28 days mainly because of an addition of bone at the endocortical surface. Endocortical MS/BS did not vary among the groups, but endocortical MAR was suppressed in the NaF group at day 2 and elevated in the Scl‐Ab group at day 4 compared with vehicle. Endocortical mineral‐to‐matrix ratio was increased at days 5 and 10 following NaF treatment and endocortical crystallinity was increased at day 5 following ZA treatment compared with vehicle. Fracture toughness did not differ among the groups. Thus, the treatments affected matrix maturation more strongly at the endocortical then intracortical envelope. In this model of induced remodeling, the bone formation phase is synchronized at multiple sites, facilitating study of the effects of drugs or other bone‐targeting agents on matrix maturation independent of their effects on the initiation of remodeling. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Diagnostic efficacy of serum cytokines and chemokines in fungal bloodstream infection in febrile patients
Authors: Wang Qi , Yang Ming , Wang Chi , Cui Jiayue , Li Xinjun , Wang Chengbin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of serum cytokines/chemokines in early diagnosis of fungal infections has not been clearly clarified yet. This study aims to measure the serum levels of cytokines/chemokines in cases of fungemia and to compare them with culture‐negative controls.MethodsIn total, fourteen types of serum cytokines and chemokines from 41 patients with fungemia were compared with 57 patients with negative blood culture results. The cytokine and chemokine levels were detected with multiplex platform. We then performed statistical analysis as a two‐tailed P < .05. ROC analysis was performed, and an area under the curve (AUC), and sensitivity and specificity values were calculated to determine the efficacy of various cytokines and chemokines for fungemia. Binary logistic regression was performed to further explore the combination mode of cytokines and chemokines, which could increase the diagnostic efficiency.ResultsC‐reactive protein and procalcitonin were significantly higher compared with those in negative control group, while white blood cell, percentage of neutrophil, percentage of lymphocyte, and ratio of neutrophil and lymphocyte did not differentiate between two groups. Serum levels of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, MIP‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, and IL‐17 were significantly higher in patients with fungemia compared with the control group. Combination of MIP‐1β and IL‐17 could improve the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity for the diagnosis of fungemia.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that serum cytokines and chemokines including IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, MIP‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, and IL‐17 could be considered as diagnostic markers for fungemia. Combination of these biomarkers might improve the diagnostic efficiency of fungemia.
Care in social policies from a comprehensive perspective: A proposal to conceptualize and address it based on community and psychosocial praxis
Authors: Daher Marianne , Tomicic Alemka , Rosati Antonia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe literature establishes the importance of care in the context of situations leading to burnout. However, there are theoretical limitations that make it difficult to understand its role within the social area. The article presents a proposal to conceptualize and address care in social policies from a comprehensive perspective, based on the community praxis of psychosocial teams. Results came from evaluating a care intervention with 35 participants from three teams focused on homeless people and two teams that worked with relatives of prison inmates. Interviews and focus groups were held, which were then analyzed Grounded Theory methods. As for the questions “Who is being taken care of?” and “Who is in charge of providing care?,” four instances were defined: Workers, teams, self‐care, and joint care. The article discusses the scope and theoretical challenges of care, as well as the key role played by institutions in care in community‐based professional praxis. In addition, the authors reflect on the importance of comprehensive care for community psychology in today's social interventions.
Ecological contributions to maternal‐infant functioning: Differences between rural and urban family contexts
Authors: Neumann Alyssa A. , Desmarais Eric E. , Iverson Sydney L. , Gartstein Maria A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsThis study considered urban‐rural differences in maternal‐infant interactions (sensitivity/responsiveness and synchrony/reciprocity), infant temperament, and parenting stress, for samples similar in socioeconomic and racial composition. Higher sensitivity/responsiveness and synchrony/reciprocity were hypothesized for urban dyads, with more challenging temperament profiles predicted for rural infants. Rural mothers were expected to report more parenting‐role stress.MethodsUrban (n = 68; San Francisco Bay) and rural (n = 120; inland Pacific Northwest) mothers of infants provided ratings of temperament and parenting stress. Parental sensitivity/responsiveness and synchrony/reciprocity were coded from mother‐infant play observations. Groups were compared via analyses of covariance.ResultsUrban mothers demonstrated significantly more sensitivity/responsiveness and synchrony/reciprocity compared to their rural counterparts. Rural mothers rated their infants significantly higher in negative affectivity and distress in response to limitations.ConclusionAlthough socioeconomic status is traditionally implicated in rural and urban population differences, our results suggest other factors (e.g., isolation, access to resources) warrant further exploration. Rural ecology appears to present risk that should be examined more closely in maternal‐infant interactions and child social‐emotional development. The variability of risk within urban and rural classifications (e.g., suburban, inner‐city) also requires consideration.
Mechanical stretch regulates the expression of specific miRNA in extracellular vesicles released from lung epithelial cells
Authors: Najrana Tanbir , Mahadeo Anshu , Abu‐Eid Rasha , Kreienberg Elena , Schulte Victoria , Uzun Alper , Schorl Christoph , Goldberg Laura , Quesenberry Peter , Sanchez‐Esteban Juan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe underlying mechanism of normal lung organogenesis is not well understood. An increasing number of studies are demonstrating that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play critical roles in organ development by delivering microRNAs (miRNA) to neighboring and distant cells. miRNAs are important for fetal lung growth; however, the role of miRNA–EVs (miRNAs packaged inside the EVs) during fetal lung development is unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of miRNA–EVs in MLE‐12, a murine lung epithelial cell line subjected to mechanical stretch in vitro with the long‐term goal to investigate their potential role in the fetal lung development. Both cyclic and continuous mechanical stretch regulate miRNA differentially in EVs released from MLE‐12 and intracellularly, demonstrating that mechanical signals regulate the expression of miRNA–EVs in lung epithelial cells. These results provide a proof‐of‐concept for the potential role that miRNA–EVs could play in the development of fetal lung.
Cytokines as potential combination agents with PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade for cancer treatment
Authors: Rahimi Kalateh Shah Mohammad Ghasem , Ghahremanloo Atefeh , Soltani Arash , Fathi Esmat , Hashemy Seyed Isaac 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy has caused a paradigm shift in the treatment of several malignancies, particularly the blockade of programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and its specific receptor/ligand PD‐L1 that have revolutionized the treatment of a variety of malignancies, but significant durable responses only occur in a small percentage of patients, and other patients failed to respond to the treatment. Even those who initially respond can ultimately relapse despite maintenance treatment, there is considerable potential for synergistic combinations of immunotherapy and chemotherapy agents with immune checkpoint inhibitors into conventional cancer treatments. The clinical experience in the use of cytokines in the clinical setting indicated the efficiency of cytokine therapy in cancer immunotherapy. Combinational approaches to enhancing PD‐L1/PD‐1 pathways blockade efficacy with several cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐15, IL‐21, IL‐12, IL‐10, and interferon‐α (IFN‐α) may result in additional benefits. In this review, the current state of knowledge about PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors, the date in the literature to ascertain the combination of anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 antibodies with cytokines is discussed. Finally, it is noteworthy that novel therapeutic approaches based on the efficient combination of recombinant cytokines with the PD‐L1/PD‐1 blockade therapy can enhance antitumor immune responses against various malignancies.
Anti‐inflammatory effect of octyl gallate in alveolar macrophages cells and mice with acute lung injury
Authors: Haute Gabriela Viegas , Luft Carolina , Antunes Géssica Luana , Silveira Josiane Silva , de Souza Basso Bruno , da Costa Mariana Severo , Levorse Vitor Giancarlo Schneider , Kaiber Daniela Benvenutti , Donadio Márcio Vinícius Fagundes , Gracia‐Sancho Jordi , de Oliveira Jarbas Rodrigues 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory process, and has high incidence and mortality. ALI and the acute respiratory distress syndrome are two common complications worldwide that result in acute lung failure, sepsis, and death. Pro‐inflammatory substances, such as cytokines and chemokines, are responsible for activating the body's defense mechanisms and usually mediate inflammatory processes. Therefore, the research of substances that decrease the uncontrolled response of organism is seen as potential for patients with ALI. Octyl gallate (OG) is a phenolic compound with therapeutic actions namely antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal. In this study, we evaluated its action on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated alveolar macrophages RAW 264.7 cells and ALI in male mice. Our results demonstrated protective effects of OG in alveolar macrophages activated with LPS and mice with ALI. The OG treatment significantly decreased the inflammatory markers in both studies in vitro and in vivo. The data suggested that OG can act as an anti‐inflammatory agent for ALI.
Usefulness of preoperative drip infusion cholangiography with computed tomography for predicting surgical difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Nakazawa Akiko , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Miyata Yoichi , Komagome Masahiko , Maki Akira , Arita Junichi , Ishizawa Takeaki , Kaneko Junichi , Beck Yoshifumi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDrip infusion cholangiography with computed tomography (DIC‐CT) is a major preoperative modality used for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).MethodsThis study included 218 patients for whom preoperative DIC‐CT images were obtained prior to undergoing LC. The association between gallbladder (GB) opacification in DIC‐CT and the operative time was assessed.ResultsThe GB opacification on the DIC‐CT images was classified as follows: Grade 0, homogeneous opacification; Grade 1, heterogeneous opacification; Grade 2, only cystic duct can be identified; and Grade 3, no opacification. Images obtained for the 218 patients showed 41 (18.8%) with Grade 0, 91 (41.7%) with Grade 1, 54 (24.8%) with Grade 2, and 32 (14.7%) with Grade 3. The operative time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly longer and larger, respectively, in cases classified as Grade 2 or 3 (GB negative) compared with cases classified as Grade 0 or 1 (GB positive). We created an LC difficulty score based on the following variables that were significant independent predictors of increased operative time: GB negativity in DIC‐CT (P = .002, 2 points), GB wall thickness (P = .002, 2 points), body mass index (P = .015, 1 point), preoperative alkaline phosphatase value (P = .018, 1 point), and preoperative C‐reactive protein value (P = .04, 1 point). The LC difficulty score (Grade A, score 0‐2; Grade B, score 3‐5; and Grade C, score 6‐7) was significantly associated with a prolonged operative time.ConclusionDrip infusion cholangiography with computed tomography is useful for predicting the surgical difficulty of LC.
Gas‐phase hydration of Mg2+ complexes with deprotonated uracil, thymine, uridine, and thymidine
Authors: Frańska Magdalena , Michalak Anna , Ławniczak Łukasz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe gas‐phase hydration of Mg2+ complexes with deprotonated uracil (U), thymine (T), uridine (Ur, uracil riboside), and thymidine (Tdr, thymine deoxyriboside) was studied. The aim of the work was to analyze the hydration of product ions (eg, [2U‐H+Mg]+) formed as a result of the collision induced dissociation of the respective parent ion (eg, [3Ur‐H+Mg]+). The efficiency of gas‐phase hydration of the ions [2U‐H+Mg]+ and [2T‐H+Mg]+ was similar. However, the efficiency of gas‐phase hydration of the ion [U+Ur‐H+Mg]+ was much higher than that of gas‐phase hydration of the ion [T+Tdr‐H+Mg]+. On the basis of the mass spectra obtained and the performed molecular modelling, it was concluded that in the ion [T+Tdr‐H+Mg]+, we deal with a steric hindrance due to the presence of a sugar moiety, which affects water attachment. In the ion [U+Ur‐H+Mg]+, the position of the sugar moiety does not affect water attachment.
Impact of horizontal resolution on sea surface temperature bias and air–sea interactions over the tropical Indian Ocean in CFSv2 coupled model
Authors: KBRR Hari Prasad , Pentakota Sreenivas , Anguluri Suryachandra Rao , George Gibies , Salunke Kiran , Krishna Phani Murali , Ramu Dandi Appala , Rao Dabbugottu Nagarjuna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe cold bias in sea surface temperature (SST) over the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) in Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) has been a limiting hurdle in predicting the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). The present study addresses the impact of increasing horizontal resolution of the atmospheric model of CFSv2 from a low resolution (T126, ~100 km) to a high resolution (T382, ~38 km) in improving the SST and Ocean mixed layer simulation. The high resolution run has reasonably reduced the SST cold bias (−0.8 to −0.2°C) over southern TIO and (−0.69 to 0.07°C) over northern TIO, however, a moderate warm bias of 0.37°C is observed over the tropical Pacific Ocean in T382 run. We have conducted a mixed layer heat budget analysis to understand the causative factors responsible for improved SST simulation. The improvement in net heat fluxes resulted in reduced biases in SST over TIO in T382 simulation. Better simulation of the entrainment process has further improved SST over Southern TIO. The high‐resolution atmospheric model is able to resolve convection centres reasonably well, therefore resulted in better simulation of winds, which enabled better prediction of Ocean mixed layer. The low and middle clouds are also better resolved in high resolution run, the total cloud cover is well predicted by the T382 run, hence the biases in radiative and heat fluxes are decreased significantly compared with its lower resolution model, which improved the radiation fluxes and responsible for the observed improvement in SST and mixed layer prediction. The dominance of biases in net shortwave radiation resulting in moderate positive SST biases over the Northern tropical Pacific Ocean.
Association between surgical approach and survival following resection of abdominopelvic malignancies
Authors: Yuce Tarik K. , Ellis Ryan J. , Chung Jeanette , Merkow Ryan P. , Yang Anthony D. , Soper Nathaniel J. , Tanner Edward J. , Schaeffer Edward M. , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Auffenberg Gregory B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRecent studies demonstrating decreased survival following minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for cervical cancer have generated concern regarding oncologic efficacy of MIS. Our objective was to evaluate the association between surgical approach and 5‐year survival following resection of abdominopelvic malignancies.MethodsPatients with stage I or II adenocarcinoma of the prostate, colon, rectum, and stage IA2 or IB1 cervical cancer from 2010‐2015 were identified from the National Cancer Data Base. The association between surgical approach and 5‐year survival was assessed using propensity‐score‐matched cohorts. Distributions were compared using logistic regression. Hazard ratio for death was estimated using Cox proportional‐hazard models.ResultsThe rate of deaths at 5 years was 3.4% following radical prostatectomy, 22.9% following colectomy, 18.6% following proctectomy, and 6.8% following radical hysterectomy. Open surgery was associated with worse survival following radical prostatectomy (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.33; P = .005), colectomy (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.39‐1.51; P < .001), and proctectomy (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.50; P = .002); however, open surgery was associated with improved survival following radical hysterectomy (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44‐0.82; P = .003).ConclusionsThese results suggest that MIS is an acceptable approach in selected patients with prostate, colon, and rectal cancers, while concerns regarding MIS resection of cervical cancer appear warranted.
Challenges in surgical oncology training in Brazil: From history to a board‐certified specialization
Authors: Spencer Ranyell Matheus S. S. B. , de Castro Ribeiro Heber Salvador , de Araujo Raphael Leonardo Cunha , da Costa Wilson Luiz , de Oliveira Alexandre Ferreira , Cordeiro Eduardo Zanella , Huguenin Janina Ferreira Loureiro , Anghinoni Marciano , da Silva Elio Jose Silveira , Laporte Gustavo Andreazza , Gadelha Maria Inez Pordeus , de Melo Rosana Leite , de Almeida Quadros Claudio , Lopes Ademar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology was established over 30 years ago. Despite that, surgical oncology was finally recognized as a Board‐Certified medical specialty in 2017 and has strengthened its role in the standardization of surgical and multimodal approaches in our country. This article aims to describe the process and the main challenges of the specialists training who are qualified for job opportunities and who meet the expectations of the recently created competence matrix for surgical oncologists in Brazil. Thus, we hope to expose the challenges of teaching surgical oncology, describe its history and experiences in important country services, and outline the minimum requirements for creating a more humanistic surgical oncologist who is updated and fully committed with multidisciplinary treatment for cancer patients. We conclude that the main characteristic that the surgical oncologist must have is the ability to offer holistic treatments to the patient, based on the highest level of evidence, love, and compassion, to direct the treatment and understand all of the afflictions that arise with a cancer diagnosis. Moreover, the surgical oncologist in training and in the field must be continuously updating himself to offer the best options of treatment to patients.
Separation and isolation of major polyphenols from maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) knots by two‐step centrifugal partition chromatography monitored by LC‐MS and NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Gabaston Julien , Leborgne Cécile , Waffo‐Téguo Pierre , Pedrot Eric , Richard Tristan , Mérillon Jean‐Michel , Valls Fonayet Josep 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPine knots are a rich source of lignans, flavonoids, and stilbenes. These bioactive compounds are widely known for their roles to combat human disorders but also to protect plants against pathogens. In order to gain knowledge inside their potential activities, a suitable isolation and purification of these high‐added value compounds is required. To this end, centrifugal partition chromatography, as a rapid and useful methodology of separation, was employed and developed. The coefficient partition values (KD) of six major compounds in nine biphasic solvent systems were determined to evaluate the most appropriate system. Two‐step centrifugal partition chromatography was required to separate lignans using ARIZONA system K (n‐heptane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water 1:2:1:2, v:v) and to isolate stilbenes and flavonoids using ARIZONA system P (n‐heptane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water 6:5:6:5, v:v). Eight one‐compound enriched‐fractions were obtained as follows: nortrachelogenin (70.1%), secoisolariciresinol (53.7%), isolariciresinol (61.1%), taxifolin (48.4%), pinocembrin (91.3%), pinobanksin (91.1%), pinosylvin (91.4%), and pinosylvin monomethyl ether (91.1%). Additionally, the centrifugal partition chromatography allowed to unravel the composition of pine knot owing to the several fractions generated. Twenty‐two compounds were characterized by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, some of which are described for the first time in literature.