bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient and provider‐level barriers to hepatitis C screening and linkage to care: A mixed‐methods evaluation
Authors: Higashi Robin T. , Jain Mamta K. , Quirk Lisa , Rich Nicole E. , Waljee Akbar K. , Turner Barbara J. , Lee Simon Craddock , Singal Amit G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAchieving practice change can be challenging when guidelines shift from a selective risk‐based strategy to a broader population health strategy, as occurred for hepatitis C (HCV) screening (2012‐2013). We aimed to evaluate patient and provider barriers that contributed to suboptimal HCV screening and linkage‐to‐care rates after implementation of an intervention to improve HCV screening and linkage‐to‐care processes in a large, public integrated healthcare system following the guidelines change. As part of a mixed‐methods study, we collected data through patient surveys (n = 159), focus groups (n = 9) and structured observation of providers and staff (n = 9). We used these findings to then inform domains for the second phase, which consisted of semi‐structured interviews with patients across the screening‐treatment continuum (n = 24) and providers and staff at primary care and hepatology clinics (n = 21). We transcribed and thematically analysed interviews using an integrated inductive and deductive framework. We identified lack of clarity about treatment cost, treatment complications and likelihood of cure as ongoing patient‐level barriers to screening and linkage to care. Provider‐level barriers included scepticism about establishing HCV screening as a quality metric given competing clinical priorities, particularly for patients with multiple comorbidities. However, most felt positively about adding HCV as a quality metric to enhance HCV screening and linkage to care. Provider engagement yielded suggestions for process improvements that resulted in increased stakeholder buy‐in and real‐time enhancements to the HCV screening process intervention. Systematic data collection at baseline and during practice change implementation may facilitate adoption and adaptation to improve HCV screening guideline implementation. Findings identified several key opportunities and lessons to enhance the impact of practice change interventions to improve HCV screening and treatment delivery.
The impact of civil conflict on infant and child malnutrition, Nigeria, 2013
Authors: Howell Embry , Waidmann Timothy , Birdsall Nancy , Holla Nikhil , Jiang Kevin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe new millennium brought renewed attention to improving the health of women and children. In this same period, direct deaths from conflicts have declined worldwide, but civilian deaths associated with conflicts have increased. Nigeria is among the most conflict‐prone countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa, especially recently with the Boko Haram insurgency in the north. This paper uses two data sources, the 2013 Demographic and Health Survey for Nigeria and the Social Conflict Analysis Database, linked by geocode, to study the effect of these conflicts on infant and young child acute malnutrition (or wasting). We show a strong association in 2013 between living close to a conflict zone and acute malnutrition in Nigerian children, with larger effects for rural children than urban children. This is related to the severity of the conflict, measured both in terms of the number of conflict deaths and the length of time the child was exposed to conflict. Undoubtedly, civil conflict is limiting the future prospects of Nigerian children and the country's economic growth. In Nigeria, conflicts in the north are expected to continue with sporadic attacks and continued damaged infrastructure. Thus, Nigerian children, innocent victims of the conflict, will continue to suffer the consequences documented in this study.
Life history parameters and diet of Risso's dolphins, Grampus griseus, from southeastern South Africa
Authors: Plön Stephanie , Heyns‐Veale Elodie R. , Smale Malcolm J. , Froneman P. William 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe life history of Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) remains poorly known and data from strandings can help provide important information. Data from 126 Risso's dolphins stranded or bycaught along the southeastern coastline of South Africa between 1958 and 2017 were analyzed in relation to their sex, age structure, and diet. Mean estimated length at birth was 146.9 cm, while maximum length was 325 cm for males and 313 cm for females; small sample sizes precluded detailed examination of sexual dimorphism. Age estimates for 33 individuals (14 males, 17 females, 2 unknown sex) indicated a maximum age of 13 years (males) and 17 years (females), respectively; the oldest animal was 19 years (unknown sex). Mean length and age at attainment of sexual maturity were estimated at 280 cm and 7.1 years in males and at 282 cm and 7.7 years in females. Stomach contents from 27 individuals showed that diets of immature and mature males and females overlapped and consisted predominantly of cephalopods. Reported strandings decreased between 2000 and 2017, possibly due to a lack of reporting associated with a ban on driving on beaches or related to the collapse of the local “chokka” squid (Loligo reynaudii) fishery in 2014–2015.
Efinaconazole topical solution 10%: Formulation and efficacy assessment in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis
Authors: Naeimifar Atefeh , Samadi Aniseh , Ahmad Nasrollahi Saman , Fattahi Azam , Ghasemi Zeinab , Azizzadeh‐Roodpishi Shadi , Malakooti Shiva , Ehsani Amir Hooshang , Firooz Alireza , Dowlatiy Yahya 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBackgroundEfinaconazole is non‐lacquer‐based with a low surface tension that efficiently targets delivery of active ingredient into the nail and nail bed. ObjectivesTo develop an optimal, stable formulation of efinaconazole topical solution 10% (ETS10).MethodsWe evaluated the safety and efficacy of ETS10 on 10 Iranian participants in a pilot, single‐group and before‐after clinical study, for up to 8 weeks in onychomycosis.ResultsThe study showed reasonable results concerning the short period of treatment. During the period of storage, the formulation showed no variation in colour, odour and pH. The average pH at initial, 1st, 6th and 12th months was 4.65, 4.64, 4.65 and 4.64, respectively. The assay of an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the formulation was desired over the whole period. This indicates that antimicrobial activity has been adequate and efficient. A significant decrease in Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) of the target toenails was also defined as the efficacy endpoint. The median score for IGA at baseline visit was 3 out of 5 which decreased to 2 out of 5 and the decrease was statistically significant. ConclusionThe study clarifies the new efficacy of ETS10 in subjects with onychomycosis and passed the safety study successfully. These properties may develop the potentiality of ETS10 as a good treatment option for patients with onychomycosis.
Superficial mycoses in Belgium: Burden, costs and antifungal drugs consumption
Authors: Becker Pierre , Lecerf Pauline , Claereboudt Julie , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Packeu Ann , Hendrickx Marijke 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBackgroundMonitoring of superficial mycoses requires more attention due to their important incidence, health costs and antifungal drugs consumption.ObjectivesThe objectives were to estimate the burden of superficial mycoses in Belgium and to assess trends in associated antifungal consumption.MethodsThe burden of dermatophytoses (including onychomycosis), as well as skin and genital candidiasis, was estimated using disability‐adjusted life years (DALY). Moreover, trends in systemic and topical antifungal consumption in ambulatory care were examined for the period 2010‐2017, together with their associated costs.ResultsDue to their high incidence and long treatment duration, dermatophytoses represented the bulk of the burden, accounting for 92.2% of the total DALYs of superficial mycoses. Terbinafine was the most prescribed antifungal in terms of doses (35.4% of the total doses) while fluconazole was the most delivered drug in terms of packages (29.1% of the total packages). More than 70% of the prescriptions were made by general practitioners while consumption varied according to age and gender of the patients. A global 12% decrease in antifungal prescriptions was observed between 2011 and 2017. However, this reduction would result mainly from packaging changes and increased self‐medication. A significant decrease in itraconazole treatments was notably compensated by an increased prescription of fluconazole packages.ConclusionThis study emphasises that dermatological presentations of superficial mycoses are the most important in terms of both burden and antifungal consumption in Belgium. Further reduction in antifungals use can be achieved by applying the adequate treatment after identification of the causative agent.
Successful weight loss maintenance: A systematic review of weight control registries
Authors: Paixão Catarina , Dias Carlos M. , Jorge Rui , Carraça Eliana V. , Yannakoulia Mary , de Zwaan Martina , Soini Sirpa , Hill James O. , Teixeira Pedro J. , Santos Inês 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWeight loss maintenance is a major challenge for obesity treatment. Weight control registries can be useful in identifying psychological and behavioural factors that could contribute to better long‐term success. The objective of this study is to describe the existing weight control registries and their participants and identify correlates of weight loss maintenance. A comprehensive search of peer‐reviewed articles published until November 2018 was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies that reported results from weight control registries were considered. Fifty‐two articles, corresponding to five registries (the United States, Portugal, Germany, Finland, and Greece), were included. Registries differed in inclusion criteria and procedures. Of 51 identified weight loss and maintenance strategies, grouped in 14 domains of the Oxford Food and Activity Behaviors taxonomy, the following were the most frequently reported: having healthy foods available at home, regular breakfast intake, increasing vegetable consumption, decreasing sugary and fatty foods, limiting certain foods, and reducing fat in meals. Increased physical activity was the most consistent positive correlate of weight loss maintenance. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of information about successful weight loss maintenance obtained from weight control registries. Key common influential characteristics of success were identified, which can inform future prospective studies and weight management initiatives.
Zygomatic implant‐based rehabilitation for patients with maxillary and mid‐facial oncology defects: A review
Authors: Hackett Stephanie , El‐Wazani Basma , Butterworth Chris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis literature review reports the current evidence for the use of zygomatic implants in head and neck oncology patients for the prosthetic rehabilitation of defects of the mid‐face and maxilla.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched using strict search terms. Two independent reviewers reviewed the articles and applied inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsLiterature search revealed 437 articles, and following application of the inclusion criteria, 32 articles were included for analysis. Overall survival rates of 77%–100% were reported with few complications, although only four centres presented data on 20 or more patients. Primary implant placement at time of resective surgery has been shown to be an effective means of accelerating rehabilitation along with early loading protocols. The role of radiotherapy in implant failure has not been fully elucidated, and it is clear that zygomatic implants can be successfully used in the irradiated patient. Providing support for maxillary obturators was the most common use reported with both splinted and unsplinted implants.ConclusionsZygomatic implants provide remote anchorage for a variety of oral and facial prostheses that contribute to the improved function and quality of life for patients being treated for maxillary and mid‐facial tumours.
Reconstruction of a Distal Foot Skin Defect Using an Intermediate Dorsal Neurocutaneous Flap
Authors: Liu Siyi , Tan Jinhai , Tao Shengxiang , Duan Yong , Hu Xiang , Li Zonghuan 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo present the use of an intermediate dorsal neurocutaneous flap for the reconstruction of defects on the distal foot.MethodsFrom September 2016 to October 2018, five patients (mean age at operation 33.8 years; range, 7–70 years; female/male = 2/3) with skin defects on one of their feet caused by road‐traffic accidents, electrical injury, and syndactyly correction were retrospectively reviewed. The size of the defects ranged from 2.0 cm × 1.0 cm to 5.0 cm × 3.5 cm. All patients had undergone a reconstruction surgery using intermediate dorsal neurocutaneous flap. One patient underwent a syndactyly correction, and four patients first experienced aggressive debridement. The sizes of the flaps were between 5.0 cm × 2.0 cm and 6.0 cm × 4.0 cm. The function, appearance, and pain of the injured foot were assessed using the Chinese Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index and visual analogue scale.ResultsThese five patients were systematically followed up for a mean of 15.8 months (range, 12–20 months). The donor sites were closed primarily in two cases, and skin grafts were performed in three cases. All the flaps survived with a success rate of 100%; the wounds healed well, and the color matches were excellent. Partial superficial flap necrosis occurred in one of five flaps, which was treated by dressing change using a hypertonic saline gauze. No significant problems were found at the donor site in any patient immediately afterwards or at follow‐up. There were no problems in any patients associated with wearing shoes. Based on the Chinese Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index, four patients were strongly satisfied and one was satisfied with the recovery of physical function; all the patients were strongly satisfied with the appearance of the injured foot; all five patients had an excellent score of pain intensity subscale. Except for one patient who reported mild pain, all the other patients reported no pain based on the visual analogue scale. Two typical cases are presented in this paper.ConclusionsThe intermediate dorsal neurocutaneous flap is an alternative and effective technique that can reliably cover minor‐ to medium‐sized defects on the distal foot, toes, and web spaces. This surgical method leads to satisfactory functional recovery with minimal donor site morbidity, and no major vessels need to be sacrificed. This procedure offers an advisable option for orthopaedic surgeons to treat defects on the distal foot.
Loneliness and social monitoring: A conceptual replication of Knowles et al.
Authors: Floyd Kory , Woo Nathan T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractContrary to the claim that loneliness routinely impairs the decoding of social cues such as emotion displays, Knowles, Lucas, Baumeister, and Gardner (2015) proposed that lonely adults “choke under pressure,” experiencing impairments only when social monitoring is framed as diagnostic of general social skill. In four experiments, Knowles et al. showed that lonely individuals performed worse than nonlonely individuals at decoding social cues when the decoding task was framed as a test of social aptitude, but not when it was framed as a test of academic aptitude. The studies were small (N's ranging from 78 to 203), and all employed a convenience sample of mostly female undergraduate students, impairing both statistical power and external validity. In addition, the lack of a true control group precluded the studies from establishing whether loneliness inhibits social monitoring ability if no frame is offered. This study conceptually replicates the central hypothesis of Knowles et al. using a sample of adults that is substantially larger and more diverse demographically and geographically, and using a true control group in addition to the comparison group. Results revealed a significant main effect of loneliness on social monitoring ability but did not replicate the choking under pressure phenomenon.
Stability and Contingency in Federalism Preferences
Authors: Dinan John , Heckelman Jac C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article analyzes Americans’ preferences for making policy at the national versus the subnational level. Relying on a Pew Research Center survey question posed in multiple recent years, we investigate the extent to which partisanship and ideology are related to support for decentralization. As expected, Republicans and conservatives are more supportive of decentralization, whereas Democrats and liberals are less supportive. However, Republicans and Democrats respond asymmetrically to changes in party control of the federal government. Republicans’ support for decentralization is relatively unaffected by changes in party control, whereas Democrats’ support for decentralization increases when Republicans control the federal government. These results indicate that federalism‐based appeals in American politics tap into stable views about allocation of policy authority on the part of a subset of the electorate and in ways that can influence public officials’ support for decentralization.Evidence for Practice

Republicans and conservatives in the electorate are generally more supportive of decentralization compared with independents and moderates, whereas Democrats and liberals are relatively less supportive.
Republicans’ views on decentralization are relatively unaffected by changes in party control of the presidency and Congress, but Democrats become more supportive of decentralization when Republicans control the federal government.
The greater stability of Republicans’ views on decentralization, in contrast with Democrats’ shifting views, indicates that Republican voters may be more likely than Democratic voters to hold their parties’ elected representatives accountable for deviating from conventional party positions on national versus subnational policy authority.
The interface of identity distress and psychological problems in students’ adjustment to University
Authors: Gfellner Barbara M. , Córdoba Ana I. 
Published: February 2020

Identity distress, psychological symptoms, and adjustment to university (academic, social, and person‐emotional) were examined among students in Spain (N = 241; Mage = 19.0 (1.6), Md = 19; 84% female) and Canada (N = 531; Mage = 19.8 (2.2), Md = 19; 82% female). The expected positive relationships were found between these variables. Similarly, increased identity distress of Spanish students and greater maladjustment at university for those in Canada were associated with contextual differences in the respective environments. Psychological problems mediated the linkages between identity distress with academic, social, and person‐emotional functioning at university, respectively. Also, psychological problems and context/country were independent predictors of students’ identity distress. Findings underscore the importance of examining contextual factors that influence student adjustment to university in relation to identity development and mental health and they offer suggestions for further research and counseling services.
Suicidal Ideation in Patients Experiencing a First‐episode Psychosis: Findings From the 2‐Year Follow‐up of the “Parma Early Psychosis” Program
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Pellegrini Clara , Quattrone Emanuela , Azzali Silvia , Landi Giulia , Pellegrini Pietro , Leuci Emanuela 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveAlthough suicide behavior is relevant in first‐episode psychosis (FEP), little is known about suicidal ideation and its longitudinal stability. The aim of this study was (1) to assess incidence rates of suicide attempts, completed suicide, and suicidal thinking in FEP individuals at baseline and over a 24‐month follow‐up period; (2) to explore any significant association of suicidal ideation with psychopathology at baseline; and (3) to monitor longitudinally suicidal thinking along the 2‐year follow‐up.MethodsParticipants (134 FEP patients, aged 13–54 years) were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). A Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to calculate cumulative incidence rates of attempted and completed suicide was also performed.ResultsFEP patients showed a 31.3% percentage of suicidal ideation (i.e., BPRS item 4 cutoff score of ≥ 3) and a 2‐year cumulative incidence rate of attempted suicide of 11%. No completed suicide was found. In the FEP total sample, suicidal thinking was positively correlated with general psychopathology (especially depression) and negative symptoms.ConclusionsSuicidal ideation is relevant in FEP patients, supporting a routine monitoring of suicide risk during the baseline assessment of adolescents and adults with early psychosis.
Investigating the impact of an urban community school effort on middle school STEM‐related student outcomes over time through propensity score matched methods
Authors: Sondergeld Toni A. , Provinzano Kathleen , Johnson Carla C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of an urban community school reform initiative that focuses on an immigrant and refugee population in middle school. A 6th–8th grade cohort of students in the community school are followed over time and compared to a propensity score matched group on overall GPA, mathematics, and science academic outcomes and traditional college preparedness indicators. Further, a deeper dive into the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity was examined on all outcomes. Findings revealed that students in the urban community school demonstrated significantly more preparedness to enroll in college and move into a STEM field if they desired compared to the matched students. All gender/racial groups in the community school performed significantly higher than those in the matched group. Further, all gender/racial groups of students in the urban community school defied standard academic achievement drops common over time in middle school, and instead increase overall, math, and science grades from 6th to 8th grade.
A Nonfield Analytical Method for Solving Energy Transport Equations
Authors: Kulish Vladimir 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In 2000, Kulish and Lage proposed an elegant method, which allows one to obtain analytical (closed-form) solutions to various energy transport problems. The solutions thus obtained are in the form of the Volterra-type integral equations, which relate the local values of an intensive property (e.g., temperature, mass concentration, and velocity) and the corresponding energy flux (e.g., heat flux, mass flux, and shear stress). The method does not require one to solve for the entire domain, and hence, is a nonfield analytical method. Over the past 19 years, the method was shown to be extremely effective when applied to solving numerous energy transport problems. In spite of all these developments, no general theoretical justification of the method was proposed until now. The present work proposes a justification of the procedure behind the method and provides a generalized technique of splitting the differential operators in the energy transport equations.