bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Phototoxic Transplatin‐Modified Distyryl‐BODIPY Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Padrutt Roxane , Babu Vipin , Klingler Simon , Kalt Martina , Schumer Frank , Anania Maria I. , Schneider Lukas , Spingler Bernhard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report the synthesis of the first transplatin‐BODIPY conjugates for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The distyryl BODIPYs containing two iodine atoms were designed to absorb in the red region, easily undergo intersystem crossing for efficient singlet oxygen generation, and additionally offer the possibility for coordination with mono‐activated transplatin. We were able to demonstrate that coordination of the BODIPYs with a mono‐activated transplatin increases the phototoxic index of the photosensitizers significantly, giving rise to highly phototoxic distyryl BODIPY derivatives, of which one was shown to have the highest ever reported phototoxic index against any cell line. Furthermore, the photophysical mechanism of singlet oxygen generation in distyryl BODIPYs undergoing intramolecular charge transfer was studied experimentally and using time‐dependent density functional theory.
Co‐Culture System of Human Enteroids/Colonoids with Innate Immune Cells
Authors: Staab Janet F. , Lemme‐Dumit Jose M. , Latanich Rachel , Pasetti Marcella F. , Zachos Nicholas C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman intestinal enteroids derived from adult stem cells offer a relevant ex vivo system to study biological processes of the human gut. They recreate cellular and functional features of the intestinal epithelium of the small intestine (enteroids) or colon (colonoids) albeit limited by the lack of associated cell types that help maintain tissue homeostasis and respond to external challenges. In the gut, innate immune cells interact with the epithelium, support barrier function, and deploy effector functions. We have established a co‐culture system of enteroid/colonoid monolayers and underlying macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils to recapitulate the cellular framework of the human intestinal epithelial niche. Enteroids are generated from biopsies or resected tissue from any segment of the human gut and maintained in long‐term cultures as three‐dimensional structures through supplementation of stem cell growth factors. Immune cells are isolated from fresh human whole blood or frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Monocytes from PBMC are differentiated into macrophages by cytokine stimulation prior to co‐culture. The methods are divided into the two main components of the model: (1) generating enteroid/colonoid monolayers and isolating immune cells and (2) assembly of enteroid/colonoid‐immune cell co‐cultures with separate apical and basolateral compartments. Co‐cultures containing macrophages can be maintained for 48 hr while those involving neutrophils, due to their shorter life span, remain viable for 4 hr. Enteroid‐immune co‐cultures enable multiple outcome measures, including transepithelial resistance, production of cytokines/chemokines, phenotypic analysis of immune cells, tissue immunofluorescence imaging, protein or mRNA expression, antigen or microbe uptake, and other cellular functions. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Seeding enteroid fragments onto Transwells for monolayer formationAlternate Protocol: Seeding enteroid fragments for monolayer formation using triturationBasic Protocol 2: Isolation of monocytes and derivation of immune cells from human peripheral bloodBasic Protocol 3: Isolation of neutrophils from human peripheral bloodBasic Protocol 4: Assembly of enteroid/macrophage or enteroid/neutrophil co‐culture
Introduction of family‐based treatment to Japan with adaptations to optimize the cultural acceptability and advance current traditional treatments of adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Iguchi Toshiyuki , Miyawaki Dai , Harada Tomoko , Ogiwara Kaori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGiven the lack of clear consensus on effective treatment models for adolescent anorexia nervosa in Japan, treatment programs offered to this population vary widely between treatment facilities with limited testing of outcomes. Importantly, families have traditionally been left out of the core treatment process, as they are commonly viewed as being powerless in renourishing their child. The purpose of this commentary was to report the authors' preliminary efforts to introduce and implement family‐based treatment (FBT) in Japan so that, on par with international standards of practice, FBT may become the first‐line treatment option for Japanese families. This commentary will describe the systemic and cultural barriers which posed as challenges in introducing FBT to Japan in its manualized standard format and how these were addressed by introducing FBT during the patient's hospital admission and by assigning the father with a role which resembles the traditional gender role within the Japanese family culture. Authors have thus far observed that these adaptations led to increased accessibility of FBT and improved outcomes such as reduced number of hospitalizations and shorter time taken to reach 85–90% EBW. Further considerations for the broad dissemination and implementation of FBT in Japan are also presented.
The genetic differentiation of a cricket (Velarifictorus micado) with two modes of life cycle in East Asia after the middle Pleistocene and the invasion origin of the United States of America
Authors: Wang Baiqiu , Li Kai , He Zhu‐Qing , Takeda Makio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe cricket Velarifictorus micado is widely distributed in East Asia and colonized the United States of America (the USA) in 1959. It has two life cycles: one having egg diapause and the other having nymphal diapause. We aimed to investigate the biogeographic boundary between them and determine when and why V. micado diverged. Mitochondrial fragments including COI and CytB were used for haplotype network, demographic analysis, and divergence time estimation in individuals of East Asia. We selected several samples from the USA to find out the colonization origin. The haplotype network indicated there were three lineages based on COI, NE lineage (having egg diapause and mainly distributed in the northern regions), SE lineage (having egg diapause and mainly distributed in the south central regions), and SN lineage (the nymph diapause and mainly distributed in the deep south regions). The molecular chronograms indicated that the first divergence of V. micado into two main lineages, NE and southern lineages (SE and SN), was essentially bounded by the Yangtze River. It occurred around ~0.79 Ma (95% HPD: 1.13–0.46 Ma) in the Middle Pleistocene Transition. This was followed by the divergence of the southern lineage into two sublineages, SE and SN lineage, occurred around ~0.50 Ma (95% HPD: 0.71–0.25 Ma), corresponding to the time of development of glaciers in various parts of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) (0.73–0.46 Ma). SE lineage might originate from southwestern China based on the comparison between the haplotype network based on COI and CytB. Our study suggested that divergences of lineages have twice co‐occurred with the tendency of cooling climate in Asia after the Mid‐Pleistocene, and the life‐history strategy may play an important role in lineage diversification. The results suggest that US populations are originally established twice by independent colonization from the SE and NE.[Correction added on 02 June 2021 after first publication: the sixth sentence has been updated to clarify the distributions of the SE and SN lineages, which were originally described as being in the “southern regions”; the last sentence of the abstract has been rewritten for clarity.]
A closer look at invasiveness and relatedness: life histories, temperature, and establishment success of four congeners
Authors: Rehage J. S. , Maurer E. F. , Lopez L. K. , Sih A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSuccessful invasive species are often closely related to other invasive species, suggesting that shared traits contribute to their invasion success. Alternatively, related species can differ in invasiveness, where some are highly invasive yet congeners seem unable to invade. Here, we compared the traits and establishment abilities of two highly successful invasive species, Gambusia affinis and G. holbrooki, to those of two close relatives, G. geiseri and G. hispaniolae. Using laboratory experiments, we compared low‐temperature tolerances and life histories of the four species. In a semi‐natural mesocosm experiment, we simulated the invasion of standardized, simple pond communities and examined the effects of these traits on each species’ ability to become established. The invasive species, G. affinis and G. holbrooki, were more tolerant of low‐temperature stress, had greater fecundities, higher growth rates, and reached maturity sooner than G. geiseri and G. hispaniolae. In mesocosms, the invasive Gambusia exhibited higher intrinsic growth rates and carrying capacities and thus achieved and maintained larger populations than the two congeners. Only G. affinis and G. holbrooki successfully established long‐term populations in these experimental communities. G. geiseri and G. hispaniolae failed to establish as a result of 100% overwintering mortality. These results support the notion that the ability of invaders to cope with the abiotic conditions of target communities has a major effect on whether establishment occurs, while life histories play an important secondary role. Our results showed that invasiveness is likely not a trait of the entire genus Gambusia.
Deep learning support for intelligent transportation systems
Authors: Guerrero‐Ibañez J. , Contreras‐Castillo J. , Zeadally S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) help improve the ever‐increasing vehicular flow and traffic efficiency in urban traffic to reduce the number of accidents. The generation of massive amounts of data generated by all the digital devices connected to the transportation network enables the creation of datasets to perform an in‐depth analysis of the data using deep learning methods. Such methods can help predict traffic performance, automated traffic light management, lane detection, and identifying objects near vehicles to increase the safety and efficiency of ITS. We discuss some of the challenges that need to be solved to achieve seamless integration between ITS and deep learning methods to address issues such as (1) improving traffic flow/transportation logistics, (2) predicting best routes for the transportation of goods, (3) optimal fuel consumption, (4) intelligent environmental conditions perception, (5) traffic speed management, and accident prevention.
Functional cognitive disorder in subjective cognitive decline—A 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Schwilk Nora , Klöppel Stefan , Schmidtke Klaus , Metternich Birgitta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn memory clinics, patients with significant memory complaints without objective neuropsychological findings are common. They are classified as subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and, as a group, face a heightened risk for future dementia. However, the SCD group is heterogeneous and comprises patients suffering from a somatoform condition, namely functional cognitive disorder (FCD). These patients make up at least 11% of memory clinics' attendees. The aim of this long‐term follow‐up study was to investigate if patients diagnosed with FCD also face a higher risk of developing dementia.MethodsForty‐two Patients were recruited at a university hospital memory clinic. FCD was diagnosed according to the Schmidtke criteria (see Table 1). Ten years later, all were invited again. Participants were interviewed, screened for depression and given neuropsychological tests of verbal memory and information processing speed. Cognitive impairment was defined as performance below 1.5 standard deviations (SD) of the age‐related mean.ResultsTwenty‐eight of 42 patients (67%) took part in this follow‐up. The group's mean results in both cognitive measures were stable over time. All individual performances were within 1.5 SD. With 10 patients (24%), brief contact was successful and manifest dementia could be excluded. Four patients (10%) could not be contacted.ConclusionsIn retrospect, the Schmidtke criteria for FCD safely identified memory clinic attendees with SCD who did not proceed to Mild Cognitive Impairment or dementia. None of the patients who could be contacted for this follow‐up after a decade (90% of baseline participants) showed signs of dementia.
Cortical reorganization after motor stroke: A pilot study on differences between the upper and lower limbs
Authors: Binder Ellen , Leimbach Martha , Pool Eva‐Maria , Volz Lukas J. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Fink Gereon R. , Grefkes Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStroke patients suffering from hemiparesis may show substantial recovery in the first months poststroke due to neural reorganization. While reorganization driving improvement of upper hand motor function has been frequently investigated, much less is known about the changes underlying recovery of lower limb function. We, therefore, investigated neural network dynamics giving rise to movements of both the hands and feet in 12 well‐recovered left‐hemispheric chronic stroke patients and 12 healthy participants using a functional magnetic resonance imaging sparse sampling design and dynamic causal modeling (DCM). We found that the level of neural activity underlying movements of the affected right hand and foot positively correlated with residual motor impairment, in both ipsilesional and contralesional premotor as well as left primary motor (M1) regions. Furthermore, M1 representations of the affected limb showed significantly stronger increase in BOLD activity compared to healthy controls and compared to the respective other limb. DCM revealed reduced endogenous connectivity of M1 of both limbs in patients compared to controls. However, when testing for the specific effect of movement on interregional connectivity, interhemispheric inhibition of the contralesional M1 during movements of the affected hand was not detected in patients whereas no differences in condition‐dependent connectivity were found for foot movements compared to controls. In contrast, both groups featured positive interhemispheric M1 coupling, that is, facilitation of neural activity, mediating movements of the affected foot. These exploratory findings help to explain why functional recovery of the upper and lower limbs often develops differently after stroke, supporting limb‐specific rehabilitative strategies.
Accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration cytology in detecting cervical node metastasis after radiotherapy: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Costantino Andrea , Mercante Giuseppe , D'Ascoli Elisa , Ferreli Fabio , Di Tommaso Luca , Franzese Ciro , Giannitto Caterina , Casale Manuele , Spriano Giuseppe , De Virgilio Armando 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo define the accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosing persistent or recurrent neck metastases in previously irradiated patients.MethodsThe study was performed according to the PRISMA‐DTA guidelines.ResultsA total of 382 FNACs were used for calculation of diagnostic accuracy parameters. The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity in detecting malignant nodes were 69.1% (95% CI: 56.3%‐80.7%; I2 = 79.5%) and 84.2% (95% CI: 71.8%‐93.5%; I2 = 87.0%), respectively. Cumulative diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 16.54 (95% CI: 4.89‐38.99; I2 = 65.8%), while cumulative positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR and NLR) were 5.4 (95% CI: 2.3‐11.2) and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.22‐0.54), respectively.ConclusionsFNAC alone could not guide the decision to perform a salvage neck dissection in previously irradiated patients, but its results should be assessed in relation to the specific clinical context.
Combined effects of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions on peristalsis of Ree‐Eyring liquid: Application in hemodynamic flow
Authors: Vaidya Hanumesh , Choudhari Rajashekhar , Mebarek‐Oudina Fateh , Animasaun Isaac Lare , Prasad Kerehalli Vinayaka , Makinde Oluwale Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis research examines the influence of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions on the peristaltic flow via an inclined permeable channel. The current investigation emphasizes on modeling the flow of blood in narrow arteries by taking convective and wall properties into account. The Ree‐Eyring non‐Newtonian model is used to govern the fluid flow due to its significance in understanding the behavior of dilatant, pseudoplastic, and viscous liquids. The variation in variable viscosity and thermal conductivity is considered for analyzing the complex rheological behavior of blood. The similarity transformations are used in the process of nondimensionalization. The series solution procedure is adopted to solve the governing nonlinear differential equations. The expressions for velocity, temperature, concentration, and trapped bolus are obtained. The computational results are analyzed with the help of graphs for shear thickening, shear thinning, and Newtonian fluid models. One of the significant findings of the current model is that an introduction of variable liquid properties improves the temperature and velocity profiles for Newtonian and pseudoplastic fluid models. Compared with the other theoretical models developed, the rheological and flow properties of various biological fluids can be derived from the model used in the present investigation.
Comparitive investigation of performance and emission features of methanol, ethanol, DEE, and nanopartilces as fuel additives in diesel‐biodiesel blends
Authors: Srinidhi Campli , Madhusudhan A. , Channapattana S. V. , Gawali Shivaji V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe usage of biodiesel blends is restricted due to its low fuel consumption and high thermal NOx. The current study exhibits the usage of four different fuel additives methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, and NiO nanoparticles in Neem biodiesel blend (NB25) to shore up the usage of neem oil methyl ester. Performance and emission experimentation of a compression‐ignition engine fueled with NB25 having fuel additives were conducted at varying injection opening pressures (180, 210, and 240 bar) and static injection timings (19°, 23°, and 27° bTDC). The results indicate that when NiO fuel additives were doped in the NB25 blend, high peaks of NOx were found with betterment in performance features with a lower CO and HC emission.
Improving water saving, yield, and water productivity of bean under deficit drip irrigation: Field and modelling study using the SALTMED model*
Authors: Dewedar O.M. , Plauborg Finn , Marwa M.A. , El‐shafie A.F. , Ragab R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA field experiment was conducted over two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018 in Egypt. The aim was to study the effect of irrigation systems (surface and subsurface drip irrigation) and irrigation amounts (100%, 80%, and 60% of crop evapotranspiration, ETc) on the yield of bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris) and evaluate the SALTMED model performance on simulation of soil moisture, total dry matter, and yield. Despite the highest yield values being achieved with the 100% of ETc treatment, there were no significant differences between the 100% and 80%. This means a water saving of 20% can be achieved without significantly compromising the yield. Yield and water productivity under subsurface irrigation was slightly higher than under surface drip irrigation. This is because under subsurface drip irrigation, there is no wetted surface area contributing to evaporation losses as is the case for surface drip. In addition, the soil moisture under subsurface drip is kept within the root zone for the longest possible time without subjecting the crop to water stress. The SALTMED model accurately simulated soil moisture, total dry matter, yield, and water productivity. Hence, the model could be applied as crop, water, and land management tool under current and future Egyptian climatic conditions.
Hypothesis: Unifying model of domain architecture for conventional and novel protein kinase C isozymes
Authors: Jones Alexander C. , Taylor Susan S. , Newton Alexandra C. , Kornev Alexandr P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProtein kinase C (PKC) family members are multi‐domain proteins whose function is exquisitely tuned by interdomain interactions that control the spatiotemporal dynamics of their signaling. Despite extensive mechanistic studies on this family of enzymes, no structure of a full‐length enzyme that includes all domains has been solved. Here, we take into account the biochemical mechanisms that control autoinhibition, the properties of each individual domain, and previous structural studies to propose a unifying model for the general architecture of PKC family members. This model shows how the C2 domains of conventional and novel PKC isozymes, which have different topologies and different positions in the primary structure, can occupy the same position in the tertiary structure of the kinase. This common architecture of conventional and novel PKC isozymes provides a framework for understanding how disease‐associated mutations impair PKC function.
Metformin modulates oncogenic expression of HOTAIR gene via promoter methylation and reverses epithelial–mesenchymal transition in MDA‐MB‐231 cells
Authors: Golshan Mahsa , Khaleghi Saeedeh , Shafiee Sayed Mohammad , Valaee Shiva , Ghanei Zahra , Jamshidizad Abbas , Dashtizad Mojtaba , Shamsara Mehdi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEpithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological event, which critically regulates migration and invasion of cancer cells. EMT is regulated by several protein and nonprotein factors (such as noncoding RNAs). HOTAIR is an oncogenic long noncoding RNA that stimulates EMT in cancers. In the current study, we investigated the effect of metformin on EMT behavior and HOTAIR expression in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. The minimal effective concentrations of metformin (10 and 20 mM) were obtained by the MTT test. Cell migration and invasion in the metformin‐containing medium were assayed in the scratch assay and transwell test. Meaningful decreases in both cell migration and invasion were observed in the presence of metformin. Vimentin, snail, β‐catenin, and HOTAIR transcripts were quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Reduction in the expression of vimentin, β‐catenin, and HOTAIR was detected as the result of metformin treatment, but the snail showed a constant expression. Western blottingrevealed the downregulation of vimentin and β‐catenin proteins. HOTAIR promoter methylation pattern was also investigated in metformin‐exposed cells using bisulfite sequencing PCR which the result showed differences in the methylation profile of CpG islands between the treated and untreated cells. In conclusion, metformin modulated oncogenic expression of the HOTAIR gene in the MDA‐MB‐231 cells. This downregulation was associated with the modification of promoter methylation patterns. Since HOTAIR induces EMT in breast cancer, HOTAIR decline might be one of the mechanisms by which metformin reverses EMT.