bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letter: infliximab induction regimens in steroid‐refractory acute severe colitis—a propensity score analysis
Authors: Li Wai Suen Christopher F. D. , Choy Matthew C. , De Cruz Peter 
Published: February 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Sebastian et al and Sebastian and Myers papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15456 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15647.
Letter: a stepwise approach towards the screening of hepatic fibrosis in the general population—authors’ reply
Authors: Kang Kyung A. , Jun Dae Won , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: February 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kang et al and Yilmaz papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15626 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15653.
The Oto‐rhino‐laryngological Research Society (ORS)
Authors: Bradley Patrick J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo report the activity of the Otorhinolaryngology Research Society (ORS) from its’ founding in 1978 until dissolution in 2017.MethodData were obtained, (Minutes of Council Meetings, and Correspondence) from the Societies website (now closed and archived), and relevant documents and e‐mails that pervious secretaries and treasurers of ORS and The British Society of Academics in Otolaryngology (BSAO) had available. The secretarial documents of the ORS, the first 20 years, had been reported “lost,” and the data retained on website were incomplete.Ethical considerationNo patient data have been used in this publication.ResultsThe first constitution of ORS was based on that of the Surgical Research Society and was brief and simple, with two meetings per year, awarding prizes and bursaries for the best presentations. The Society initially limited to 250 members. The constitution of ORS was revised in 1988 and modified again in 2006, which expanded the council and disbanded the need for membership.ConclusionThe changing priorities of trainees and commercialisation of the National Health Service had resulted in running any society costly. The amalgamation of the ORL Research Societies as a Specialty Group within ENT UK to organise and run the national research agenda is likely to result in a more cohesive group with financial stability and a secure and stable environment.
Lymphomatoid papulosis
Authors: Wagner Gunnar , Rose Christian , Klapper Wolfram , Sachse Michael Max 
Published: February 2020

SummaryLymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is characterized by a varied clinical presentation that includes erythema, papules, pustules, vesicles, plaques, nodules and ulcerations. While its biological course is typically marked by spontaneous regression, the histopathological findings of LyP are consistent with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Provided patients do no develop a secondary lymphoma, they exhibit unusually high 10‐year survival rates (> 90 %), which is a typical feature of LyP. To date, the etiology and pathogenesis of LyP have not been elucidated. One particular subtype of LyP is known to be associated with chromosome 6p25.3 rearrangement (DUSP22‐IRF4 translocation).Treatment is guided by the clinical presentation. In addition to a wait‐and‐see approach, recommended options include topical corticosteroids and PUVA therapy.
It's Not Just Angoff: Misperceptions of Hard and Easy Items in Bookmark‐Type Ratings
Authors: Wyse Adam E. , Babcock Ben 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA common belief is that the Bookmark method is a cognitively simpler standard‐setting method than the modified Angoff method. However, a limited amount of research has investigated panelist's ability to perform well the Bookmark method, and whether some of the challenges panelists face with the Angoff method may also be present in the Bookmark method. This article presents results from three experiments where panelists were asked to give Bookmark‐type ratings to separate items into groups based on item difficulty data. Results of the experiments showed, consistent with results often observed with the Angoff method, that panelists typically and paradoxically perceived hard items to be too easy and easy items to be too hard. These perceptions were reflected in panelists often placing their Bookmarks too early for hard items and often placing their Bookmarks too late for easy items. The article concludes with a discussion of what these results imply for educators and policymakers using the Bookmark standard‐setting method.
Amino acids in freshwater food webs: Assessing their variability among taxa, trophic levels, and systems
Authors: Thera Jennifer C. , Kidd Karen A. , Bertolo Robert F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Although the amino acid composition of fishes and some marine invertebrates varies among taxa and systems, similar information is lacking for freshwater invertebrates. The objectives were to characterise and compare the amino acid composition among different aquatic species, dietary habits, and environmental conditions.

Benthic macroinvertebrates from different functional feeding groups (FFG), bulk zooplankton, biofilm, and fishes representing 12 families (21 genera or species) were collected from temperate lakes in eastern Canada during the summers of 2013 and 2014. Fifteen protein‐bound amino acids, including thiols, were measured in whole invertebrates, biofilm, or fish muscle. We hypothesised that the amino acid composition will differ among species and systems.

Multiple discriminant analyses revealed significant differences in the amino acid composition among species—based on varying percentages of cysteine (as cysteic acid) and histidine—and among FFG/trophic designations—based on histidine and lysine—where the primary consumers were more variable than the predators.

Overall, the results suggest that patterns were based on phylogenetics, biological characteristics, and the FFG/trophic designations of biota.

The within‐taxon variability in composition was also related to differences among lakes. Characteristics of their environment, including lake pH and the food web structure (abundance and composition of taxa), probably influenced their dietary habits and amino acid composition of diet.

These results expand the currently limited knowledge of the biochemical composition of freshwater biota and provide impetus for further studies on nutritional values in predator‐prey relationships, trophic guilds, and the biomagnification of protein‐bound contaminants through food webs.
Terrestrial fluxes of carbon in GCP carbon budgets
Authors: Houghton Richard A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Global Carbon Project (GCP) has published global carbon budgets annually since 2007 (Canadell et al. [2007], Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104, 18866–18870; Raupach et al. [2007], Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104, 10288–10293). There are many scientists involved, but the terrestrial fluxes that appear in the budgets are not well understood by ecologists and biogeochemists outside of that community. The purpose of this paper is to make the terrestrial fluxes of carbon in those budgets more accessible to a broader community. The GCP budget is composed of annual perturbations from pre‐industrial conditions, driven by addition of carbon to the system from combustion of fossil fuels and by transfers of carbon from land to the atmosphere as a result of land use. The budget includes a term for each of the major fluxes of carbon (fossil fuels, oceans, land) as well as the rate of carbon accumulation in the atmosphere. Land is represented by two terms: one resulting from direct anthropogenic effects (Land Use, Land‐Use Change, and Forestry or land management) and one resulting from indirect anthropogenic (e.g., CO2, climate change) and natural effects. Each of these two net terrestrial fluxes of carbon, in turn, is composed of opposing gross emissions and removals (e.g., deforestation and forest regrowth). Although the GCP budgets have focused on the two net terrestrial fluxes, they have paid little attention to the gross components, which are important for a number of reasons, including understanding the potential for land management to remove CO2 from the atmosphere and understanding the processes responsible for the sink for carbon on land. In contrast to the net fluxes of carbon, which are constrained by the global carbon budget, the gross fluxes are largely unconstrained, suggesting that there is more uncertainty than commonly believed about how terrestrial carbon emissions will respond to future fossil fuel emissions and a changing climate.
Supporting primary students' learning of fraction conceptual knowledge through digital games
Authors: Zhang Lu , Shang Junjie , Pelton Tim , Pelton Leslee Francis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith the advent of mobile technologies, well‐designed fraction apps can be used to help children gain fraction knowledge, a challenging topic for both teachers and students. The present pilot study adopted a quasi‐experimental design to investigate whether children can learn fraction concepts equally well if half of the lesson time (20 min) is replaced with game‐based learning. Keeping the total lesson time (40 min) identical, the control group (N = 33) received traditional instruction, and the experimental group (N = 32) was presented with a blended learning approach spending half of the class time (20 min) playing tablet‐based fraction games, where each of the learners had their own tablet. The results suggested that in the posttest, the experimental group achieved similar learning gains to the control group and appear to have achieved better performance in the transfer test than the control group. This paper also discusses the efficiency of game‐based learning, the mechanism of how fraction games might enhance learning, and the potential of integrating game‐based learning in educational settings.
Effect of training provided to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on drug management
Authors: Efil Sevda , Enç Nuray , Ece Turhan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimWrong use of an inhaler arising from a lack of knowledge can negatively affect treatment management. Therefore, this study was performed with the aim of determining the effects on treatment management of inhaler training carried out under the leadership of a nurse in individuals with medium and advanced stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsThis was an experimentally designed pre‐test post‐test study with a control group. Participants were interviewed four times in 1 year. The experimental group performed inhaler training. A Patient Description and Follow‐Up Form, an Inhaler Drug Use Skill Chart, the Morisky eight‐item Medication Adherence Scale, the COPD Assessment Test, and the St. George Respiration Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by SPSS, using nonparametric tests.ResultsAlthough there was no significant difference between the groups, a reduction in hospital visits and admissions because of attacks was seen in the experimental group (p = .239, p = .492). It was found there was a greater increase in the correct use of the inhaler in the experimental group than in the control group, and that correct use of the handihaler increased significantly (p = .008). Also, the increases in adherence to treatment (p = .006) and quality of life (p = .010) in the experimental group were significantly different from the control group. In the control group, the annual decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s increased significantly (p = .016).ConclusionsIt was seen that long‐term inhaler training given by nurses at regular intervals made a significant contribution to treatment management.
Use of a multilayered acellular dermal substitute with simultaneous full‐thickness skin graft for the one‐stage coverage of nasal skin defects
Authors: You Hi‐Jin , Choi Young‐Soo , Kim Deok‐Woo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundNasal skin defect closures are challenging because the nose is a complex anatomic structure with several subunits, and the nasal tip and ala represent particularly difficult subunits to reconstruct. The traditional full‐thickness skin graft (FTSG) is an easy and well‐established method, but often results in undesirable outcomes in terms of the nasal contour caused by a lack of dermal tissue.AimsThe purpose of the study is to report the outcomes of the simultaneous application of the acellular dermal substitute (Matriderm®) with FTSG in the treatment of nasal skin defects.Patients/MethodsFive patients with various nasal skin defects were treated with multilayered Matriderm grafts followed by FTSGs harvested from the pre‐ or postauricular region. Graft survival, scar quality, and patient satisfaction were evaluated and compared with 10 patients treated with conventional FTSGs.ResultsOne‐stage Matriderm‐aided FTSGs were well‐taken in all cases. Scar quality in the Matriderm group (8.0 ± 1.9) was statistically superior to that in the FTSG only group (10.8 ± 1.7). The Matriderm‐aided graft was also superior in patient satisfaction.ConclusionsThe multilayered application of Matriderm in combination with FTSG is a reliable method for covering nasal skin defects, especially in the thick skin zone of the tip and ala.
Current status of American mink Neovison vison in Great Britain: a review of the evidence for a population decline
Authors: Harrington Lauren A. , Birks Johnny , Chanin Paul , Tansley Darren 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The American mink Neovison vison in Great Britain is an invasive alien species, with significant impacts on native prey species. There have been suggestions that populations of mink in Britain have declined since the 1990s.

Three nationwide data sets include data on mink distribution and abundance. Scat surveys and the National Game Bag Census suggest population declines, but the latter does not take account of survey effort (which may also have declined) and the former is misleading because there is evidence that mink change their marking behaviour in the presence of otters Lutra lutra. National Biodiversity Network data suggest an increase in mink numbers, but this can be explained by a concomitant increase in mammal recording.

Although intra‐guild competition between invasive mink and native otters is likely, there is no evidence that otters have caused a decline in mink numbers. There is little information on the impact of disease, or exposure to rodenticides, on wild mink – both warrant further attention. Eradication efforts can have an impact on mink populations, but currently neither implementation nor monitoring is sufficient to generate effects throughout Great Britain or to assess the impact of cumulative local and regional efforts.

We conclude that it is not possible, on the basis of currently available data for Great Britain, to ascertain the status of mink or assess the underlying trend in their population. We stress the importance of collaboration, coordination, and record keeping (and sharing) in future, proper interpretation of existing data, and the use of alternative data sources. We call for greater, and better, effort in both mink management and monitoring of management in Great Britain.
Management of corneal epithelial defects in a population of mature chuck‐will’s‐widows (Antrostomus carolinensis) in South Florida
Authors: Overton Taryn L. , Swinger Robert L. , Climans Megan E. , Gardner Antonia L. , Grant Amanda L. , Schneider Renata M. , Dubielzig Richard R. , Teixeira Leandro B. C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo describe ocular clinical findings, gross/histopathologic findings, and treatment regimens in a series of migratory chuck‐will's‐widows (Antrostomus carolinensis) (CWW) with corneal epithelial defects.MethodsSeven CWW were presented to the South Florida Wildlife Center (SFWC). Four presented with bilateral (OU) corneal ulceration; two developed corneal ulceration OU; one had no ocular lesions. Treatment protocols for patients with corneal ulcers included the following: medical therapy only or medical therapy combined with an additional procedure. Four patients including the bird with no ocular lesions were euthanized, and one patient died. Their globes were submitted for histopathology. Two patients were released.ResultsClinical findings prior to enucleation included superficial corneal ulceration with redundant epithelium persisting weeks to >1 month. On histopathology, epithelium in nonulcerated globes was remarkably thin; this was considered normal. Common histopathologic findings of ulcerated globes revealed epithelial and conjunctival attenuation with an acellular superficial stromal layer and hypercellular mid‐stromal layer. One globe healed with medical therapy and cotton tip applicator debridement. Four globes healed by combination of medical therapy, equine amnion, nictitating membrane (NM) flap, and temporary tarsorrhaphy. No globes healed with diamond burr debridement or grid keratotomy.ConclusionsFactors that may be contributing to these corneal epithelial defects include, but are not limited to, normally thin epithelium, exposure keratopathy, neurotrophic disease, epithelial turnover and inadequate stem cell recruitment, inherited/genetic causes, and unidentified infectious agents (eg, viral etiologies). Of the 12 eyes treated, one healed with medical therapy/cotton tip applicator debridement, and four healed with medical therapy/equine amnion/nictitating membrane flap/temporary tarsorrhaphy.
Search-based software engineering events in 2019
Authors: Guizzo Giovani 
Published: February 2020

The ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE) was held in Tallinn2 -- Estonia, from the 28th to the 30th of August 2019. Additionally, the 11th Symposium on Search-Based Software Engineering (SSBSE) 3was co-located with ESEC/FSE on the 31st of August and 1st of September.
Search-based software engineering (SBSE) [1] investigates the usage of search based algorithms to solve hard software engineering problems. Among the applied techniques, evolutionary algorithms are the most commonly used. SBSE has matured along the years, and this can be seen in the visibility it has reached in top-tier software engineering venues such as ESEC/FSE, and of course, in top-tier evolutionary computation venues such as GECCO (which has a special SBSE track!). This year ESEC/FSE held an entire session for SBSE papers, while also being rich in artificial intelligence papers across all other sessions.
Home, head direction stability, and grid cell distortion
Authors: Sanguinetti-Scheck Juan Ignacio , Brecht Michael 
Published: February 2020

The home is a unique location in the life of humans and animals. In rats, home presents itself as a multicompartmental space that involves integrating navigation through subspaces. Here we embedded the laboratory rat’s home cage in the arena, while recording neurons in the animal’s parasubiculum and medial entorhinal cortex, two brain areas encoding the animal’s location and head direction. We found that head direction signals were unaffected by home cage presence or translocation. Head direction cells remain globally stable and have similar properties inside and outside the embedded home. We did not observe egocentric bearing encoding of the home cage. However, grid cells were distorted in the presence of the home cage. While they did not globally remap, single firing fields were translocated toward the home. These effects appeared to be geometrical in nature rather than a home-specific distortion and were not dependent on explicit behavioral use of the home cage during a hoarding task. Our work suggests that medial entorhinal cortex and parasubiculum do not remap after embedding the home, but local changes in grid cell activity overrepresent the embedded space location and might contribute to navigation in complex environments. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neural findings in the field of spatial navigation come mostly from an abstract approach that separates the animal from even a minimally biological context. In this article we embed the home cage of the rat in the environment to address some of the complexities of natural navigation. We find no explicit home cage representation. While both head direction cells and grid cells remain globally stable, we find that embedded spaces locally distort grid cells.
NIMBY: En el jardín de mi casa no, por favor
Authors: De Elejalde Ramiro , Dardati Evangelina 
Published: February 2020

Existe cierto tipo de bienes que son deseables para la sociedad en su conjunto, pero los ciudadanos se oponen a tenerlos cerca de su lugar de residencia (beneficios globales y costos locales). Los ejemplos más comunes son los basurales, generadoras eléctricas, aeropuertos, etc. Debido a la naturaleza de estos bienes, en la literatura económica se los conoce con el nombre NIMBY (“not in my backyard”) que significa “en el jardín de mi casa, no”. Esta característica de los NIMBY puede generar problemas graves como subinversión en infraestructura o en capitales necesarios para el desarrollo de la economía. Continuar leyendo...
Negotiating on Behalf of Previous Generations: Justice in Post-Conflict Contexts
Authors: Rosoux Valerie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The focal point of this essay is the duration of intractable conflicts. The mere passage of time has no magical effect on conflicting notions of justice. On the contrary, a succession of crises and tensions accentuates entrenched positions concerning historical grievances. First, we present the processes through which parties defend a particular notion of justice on behalf of previous generations as rational games that depend, to a large extent, on parties’ interests. Second, we examine these processes from a moral perspective. Rather than emphasizing strategic dynamics that are based on political interpretations of the past, we focus on ethical quandaries related to the “paradoxical absence” of those who remain at the center of the justice claims. Third, we go beyond rational and moral dimensions to focus on the emotional weight of traumatic events and their long-lasting impacts on victims’ descendants.