bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteosynthesis of segmental alveolar fractures by internal fixation and the prognosis of the fractures and teeth
Authors: Zhou Chan‐Chan , Xing Xin , Yang Yi , Qing Jia , Li Zhi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground/AimsFracture of the alveolar process is a common injury, but the traditional splinting fixation may not be possible in some cases. The aim of this study was to describe the osteosynthesis performed in segmental alveolar fractures by internal fixation and evaluate the prognosis of the fractures and teeth involved.Materials and methodsTwenty‐two patients who were identified as having segmental alveolar fractures treated with osteosynthesis by internal fixation at the authors' department from January 2007 to December 2016 were included with 90 traumatized teeth. The prognosis of the fractures and teeth involved in the fractures was evaluated by the post‐operative computed tomography combined with a follow‐up study.ResultsAll patients achieved healing and consolidation of the alveolar fractures. Furthermore, the occlusion was restored and the wounds healed. During the surgical procedures, no observed iatrogenic dental damage caused by the interdental drilling was found. Eventually, only 15.6% of the teeth had pulp necrosis, whereas the other healing complications were rare or not observed in the study.ConclusionsOsteosynthesis by internal fixation is an effective and safe treatment for some segmental alveolar fractures. The teeth involved in these fractures also have good prognosis.
Pseudomonas associated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, its insect vector and the host tree: A role in pine wilt disease?
Authors: Alves Marta Salgueiro , Pereira Anabela , Vicente Cláudia , Mota Manuel , Henriques Isabel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, we characterized the diversity of Pseudomonas associated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, its insect vector (Monochamus galloprovincialis) and its host (Pinus pinaster), by a culture‐independent approach using rpoD clone libraries. Clone libraries of Pseudomonas rpoD were obtained from B. xylophilus, M. galloprovincialis and infected P. pinaster. Most M. galloprovincialis and B. xylophilus sequences grouped together in the P. fluorescens group. Genes related to xenobiotics degradation and phenylacetate synthesis were present in the genomes of the type strains closely related to sequences retrieved from the nematode libraries. Results demonstrated that the nematode, during its life stages inside the tree, maintains a diverse Pseudomonas community that is closely related to the one associated with the insect vector. These bacteria might contribute to degradation of xenobiotics and tree weakening during the nematode tree infection.
Sleep disturbances in youth at‐risk for serious mental illness
Authors: Stowkowy Jacqueline , Brummitt Kali , Bonneville Dominique , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Wang JianLi , Kennedy Sidney H. , Bray Signe , Lebel Catherine , MacQueen Glenda , Addington Jean 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate sleep behaviours of youth at‐risk for serious mental illness (SMI).MethodsThis study included 243 youth, ages 12 to 25:42 healthy controls, 41 asymptomatic youth at‐risk for mental illness (stage 0); 53 help‐seeking youth experiencing distress (stage 1a) and 107 youth with attenuated syndromes (stage 1b). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep dysfunction.ResultsStage 1b individuals indicated the greatest deficit in global sleep dysfunction (F = 26.18, P < .0001). Stages 1a and 1b reported significantly worse subjective sleep quality, a longer sleep latency, increased use of sleep medications as well as greater daytime dysfunction compared to the asymptomatic groups.ConclusionResearch investigating sleep behaviours of youth considered to be at‐risk for SMI is limited. This study provides early evidence that sleep disturbances are worse for individuals considered to be at higher risk of illness development.
A questionnaire study of parasite control in Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses in Australia
Authors: Wilkes Edwina J. A. , Heller Jane , Raidal Sharanne L. , Woodgate Robert G. , Hughes Kristopher J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundInformation regarding parasite control practices currently used on Thoroughbred and Standardbred studs in Australia is lacking. Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a global problem which has implications for equine health and welfare.ObjectivesTo identify parasite control practices currently used on horse studs in Australia and investigate the frequency of use of management factors that have been associated with the likelihood of promoting or delaying AR.Study designQuestionnaire study of equine parasite control on Thoroughbred and Standardbred studs in Australia.MethodsAn online questionnaire was emailed to 300 studs in Australia. Information obtained included property details, grazing management, anthelmintic use, non‐chemotherapeutic parasite control practices, use of faecal egg counts (FECs) and perceptions of AR.ResultsSeventy‐five completed questionnaires were received (25% response rate). Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) were the most commonly administered anthelmintics in mares and foals and less than 5% of respondents used targeted treatment regimens. The implementation of pasture hygiene practices was variable. The majority of respondents (97%) considered AR to be important; however, few respondents were aware of the use of FEC reduction tests for monitoring of drug efficacy.Main limitationsThe potential for nonresponse bias was the main limitation of this study.ConclusionsParasite control strategies on Australian stud farms remain over‐reliant on anthelmintic use. The frequent use of MLs is of concern for the increased selection pressure for AR. There is a lack of awareness of the importance of non‐chemotherapeutic strategies in integrated approaches to parasite control aimed at delaying the development of AR. This study highlights the need for greater veterinary involvement in the implementation of more sustainable parasite control practices with greater emphasis placed on surveillance through FEC testing.
Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease from electroencephalography signals using linear and self‐similarity features
Authors: Bhurane Ankit A. , Dhok Shivani , Sharma Manish , Yuvaraj Rajamanickam , Murugappan Murugappan , Acharya U. Rajendra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn early stage detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) is crucial for its appropriate treatment. The quality of life degrades with the advancement of the disease. In this paper, we propose a natural (time) domain technique for the diagnosis of PD. The proposed technique eliminates the need for transformation of the signal to other domains by extracting the feature of electroencephalography signals in the time domain. We hypothesize that two inter‐channel similarity features, correlation coefficients and linear predictive coefficients, are able to detect the PD signals automatically using support vector machines classifier with third degree polynomial kernel. A progressive feature addition analysis is employed using selected features obtained based on the feature ranking and principal component analysis techniques. The proposed approach is able to achieve a maximum accuracy of 99.1±0.1%. The presented computer‐aided diagnosis system can act as an assistive tool to confirm the finding of PD by the clinicians.
Electronic monitoring in fisheries: Lessons from global experiences and future opportunities
Authors: van Helmond Aloysius T.M. , Mortensen Lars O. , Plet‐Hansen Kristian S. , Ulrich Clara , Needle Coby L. , Oesterwind Daniel , Kindt‐Larsen Lotte , Catchpole Thomas , Mangi Stephen , Zimmermann Christopher , Olesen Hans Jakob , Bailey Nick , Bergsson Heidrikur , Dalskov Jørgen , Elson Jon , Hosken Malo , Peterson Lisa , McElderry Howard , Ruiz Jon , Pierre Johanna P. , Dykstra Claude , Poos Jan Jaap 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince the beginning of the 21st century, electronic monitoring (EM) has emerged as a cost‐efficient supplement to existing catch monitoring programmes in fisheries. An EM system consists of various activity sensors and cameras positioned on vessels to remotely record fishing activity and catches. The first objective of this review was to describe the state of play of EM in fisheries worldwide and to present the insights gained on this technology based on 100 EM trials and 12 fully implemented programmes. Despite its advantages, and its global use for monitoring, progresses in implementation in some important fishing regions are slow. Within this context, the second objective was to discuss more specifically the European experiences gained through 16 trials. Findings show that the three major benefits of EM were as follows: (a) cost‐efficiency, (b) the potential to provide more representative coverage of the fleet than any observer programme and (c) the enhanced registration of fishing activity and location. Electronic monitoring can incentivize better compliance and discard reduction, but the fishing managers and industry are often reluctant to its uptake. Improved understanding of the fisher's concerns, for example intrusion of privacy, liability and costs, and better exploration of EM benefits, for example increased traceability, sustainability claims and market access, may enhance implementation on a larger scale. In conclusion, EM as a monitoring tool embodies various solid strengths that are not diminished by its weaknesses. Electronic monitoring has the opportunity to be a powerful tool in the future monitoring of fisheries, particularly when integrated within existing monitoring programmes.
Urban human activity density spatiotemporal variations and the relationship with geographical factors: An exploratory Baidu heatmaps‐based analysis of Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Zuo , Xiao Yangxiong , Luo Xiang , Zhou Min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith the development and popularity of mobile Internet technology, data sources of human activity in urban centers are rapidly updated and play an important role in supporting urban planning and management. Therefore, it is critical to integrate different data sources and detect spatially implicit information in the spatial pattern of relationships between urban human activity and related geographical factors. A new analytical framework is first proposed to integrate multisource location‐based big data and use these data to analyze dynamic real‐time human activity density (HAD). Taking Wuhan, the largest city in central China as an example, using the Baidu’s thermal data, this paper analyzes spatiotemporal characteristics of HAD distributions at different points on weekends and weekdays, and further combines the relevant cities’ points of interest data to analyze the correlations between different spatial elements and HAD distributions. The results show that: (a) Using a new indicator and data processing method can simply achieve effective utilization of Baidu’s thermal data; (b) Combined with standardized grids, spatial density estimation can match the two different data sources in this study; (c) The greater the HAD, the greater is the elasticity of change, and in the active population area, the densities of human activity on weekends and weekdays at different times have significant differences; and (d) Different geographically weighted regression models effectively distinguish the influence of different urban elements on weekdays and weekends. In particular, the impact patterns of the workplace, education, and cityscape reflect the unique spatial patterns of research cases. These findings, as well as visual analytics, help in the understanding of the potential value of Baidu heatmaps in urban study and provide support for more scientific and accurate urban planning and space management for the better consideration of real‐time changes in human activity.
Grover disease: review of subtypes with a focus on management options
Authors: Aldana Paola C. , Khachemoune Amor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGrover disease (GD) is a benign eruption that causes a papulovesicular rash on the trunk and proximal extremities. It often resolves spontaneously but can follow a more chronic and fluctuating course that may last several years. Although the etiology remains unknown, several associated triggers have been identified including heat and sweating, cool and dry air, renal failure, malignancy, and the initiation of several drugs. Since the disease tends to resolve on its own, management is aimed at disease prevention and symptomatic relief. First‐line therapy includes topical steroids and vitamin D analogues with adjuvant antihistamines. In more severe cases that are refractory to less aggressive therapy, systemic corticosteroids, retinoids, and phototherapy may lead to successful resolution. Novel therapies are few and have little evidence but involve innovative use of light therapy and immune modulators. Herein, we review the literature and new trends of GD with a focus on established and novel treatments.
Which endotracheal tube location minimises the device‐related pressure ulcer risk: The centre or a corner of the mouth?
Authors: Amrani Golan , Gefen Amit 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe use of an endotracheal tube (ETT), which is required for any mechanical ventilation procedure, involves an inherent risk for facial skin, lip, and mucosal pressure ulcers. The ETT is one of the most common devices associated with medical device‐related pressure ulcers (MDRPUs) among surgical and intensive care unit patients. In the present work, we investigated, for the first time in the literature, the biomechanical effects of the presence and positioning of an ETT in the mouth on lip, mucosal and surrounding facial skin loads. Using two anatomically realistic finite element model variants, two ETT locations were simulated and compared, at the centre versus the corner of the mouth. Our study shows that a central location of the ETT inflicted greater lip and mucosal stress values, but a corner location caused a more widespread and diffused lip, mucosal and facial skin stress exposure. Accordingly, we cannot recommend a “safer” location for ETTs in the mouth; additional preventative measures such as dedicated dressing materials or special cushioning pads applied prophylactically, should be developed to protect from MDRPUs associated with ETT usage. The present modelling framework can be used to study the biomechanical efficacy of such protective technologies, and can therefore aid in the prevention of ETT‐caused MDRPUs.
Segregation and properties at curved vs straight (000) inversion boundaries in piezotronic ZnO bicrystals
Authors: Trapp Maximilian , Keil Peter , Frömling Till , Rödel Jürgen , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTEM and SEM investigations of ZnO bicrystal interfaces were undertaken with an aim to study the correlation of local grain‐boundary structure, segregation, and electrical transport perpendicular to the interface. To this end, varistor‐like ZnO bicrystals with piezotronic characteristics were chosen with (000)║(000) tail‐to‐tail orientation with respect to the c‐axis. In order to contrast different local grain‐boundary structures with different coherency and segregation of bismuth, but identical macroscopic polarization state, two complementary processing techniques were applied. A diffusion‐bonded bicrystal with an intermediate thin film containing Zn–Bi–Co–O provided a straight interface as reference. In contrast, a ZnO bicrystal prepared by epitaxial solid‐state transformation was manufactured by bonding two ZnO single crystals with a 100 µm thick polycrystalline ZnO varistor material with a typical dopant composition including bismuth and cobalt. This structure was annealed to the point that a bicrystal was formed with the varistor concentration at the boundary, which was strongly curved due to the polycrystalline microstructure still providing a shadow image at the interface. The results highlight a distinct correlation between local interfacial morphology, degree of segregation of bismuth, and degree of nonlinearity of the electrical transport across the interface.
Pacing induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Merchant Faisal M. , Mittal Suneet 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPacing induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) is most commonly defined as a drop in left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) in the setting of chronic, high burden right ventricle (RV) pacing. Recent data suggest, however, that some individuals may experience the onset of heart failure symptoms more acutely after pacemaker implantation. Definitions of PICM which emphasize drop in LVEF may underestimate the incidence of deleterious effects from RV pacing. Treatment of PICM has primarily focused on upgrade to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) when LVEF has dropped. However, emerging data suggest that conduction system pacing (CSP) may offer an opportunity to prevent PICM in the first place.
Comparison of mortality and viral load in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) genogroups 1 and 5
Authors: Tapia David , Barría Agustín , Kuznar Juan , Yáñez José M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInfectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the aetiological agent of a highly contagious disease that affects farmed salmonids. IPNV isolates have been phylogenetically classified into eight genogroups, of which two are present in Chile, genogroups 1 and 5. Here, we compare the mortality rate caused by isolates from both genogroups in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry to determine if there is an association between host susceptibility and phylogenetic characterization of IPNV. Fish were challenged by immersion with one of four isolates (two for each genogroup), and mortality curves were assessed after 30 days. Viral load was measured in all mortalities and in live fish sampled at 1, 7 and 20 days post‐infection. Although mortality was low throughout the challenge, differences were found between fish infected with different isolates. Both isolates from genogroup 1 caused greater cumulative mortalities than either of the isolates from genogroup 5. When combined, the overall mortality rate of fish challenged with genogroup 1 isolates was significantly higher than those infected with genogroup 5. However, viral load was lower on trout infected with genogroup 1 isolates. These results suggest that rainbow trout are more susceptible to IPNV isolates from genogroup 1 than genogroup 5.
Potential of myricetin to restore the immune balance in dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute murine ulcerative colitis
Authors: Qu Xinyan , Li Qingjun , Song Yue , Xue Anqi , Liu Yuhua , Qi Dongmei , Dong Hongjing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Myricetin is a bioactive compound in many edible plants with anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activity. The current study aimed to determine the protective effects and mechanism of myricetin against ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods
Myricetin was orally administered at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg to C57BL/6 mice with UC induced using dextran sulfate sodium. The disease-associated index and colon length were determined at the end of the experiment, the proportion of Treg, Th1 and Th17 was analysed by cytometry, and cytokines were detected using ELISA.

Key findings
Myricetin (80 mg/kg) ameliorated the severity of inflammation in acute UC and significantly improved the condition. Myricetin (80 mg/kg) elevated the levels of IL-10 and transforming growth factor β. In addition, the proportion of regulatory T cells significantly increased in mice in the myricetin treatment group.

Conclusions
Taking together, these results suggest that myricetin exhibits significant protective effects against UC and it could be used as a potential treatment for UC.
A simulation‐based optimization model for infrastructure planning for electric autonomous vehicle sharing
Authors: Zhao Dongfang , Li Xiaopeng , Cui Jianxun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNew transportation technologies (e.g., electric autonomous vehicles [EAVs]) and operation paradigms (e.g., car sharing) are discussed, researched, and to a small degree also deployed in recent years in response to rising energy crises and aggravating traffic congestions. In this research, we present a station‐based car‐sharing service system that integrates both EAV technologies and car‐sharing operations. Based on the simulation model, a dynamic and time‐continuous optimization model seeking a near‐optimum design of charging station location and EAV deployment is developed. By discretizing the model, we proposed a Monte Carlo simulation model to evaluate the total system cost for a given location and vehicle deployment design. A heuristic approach based on the genetic algorithm is developed to solve the system design of station location and vehicle deployment. A numerical test in Yantai City, China, is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and to draw managerial insights into how the key parameters affect the system design.
A Mystic Conception of History: Negative Political Theology in Jacob Taubes
Authors: Kavka Martin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article offers an account of the political theology of the German‐Jewish philosopher Jacob Taubes (1923–87), whose thinking has been described as a negative political theology. This article makes an intervention into how to read Taubes well. By proposing that the most generative essay for understanding Taubes’s thought is the 1955 essay “On The Symbolic Order of Modern Democracy,” it shows both how and why one might read Taubes (with assistance from Judith Butler) as offering a negative political theology in a non‐theocentric key.
Genome‐wide analysis of small RNAs from Odontoglossum ringspot virus and Cymbidium mosaic virus synergistically infecting Phalaenopsis
Authors: Pai Hsuan , Jean Wen‐Han , Lee Yun‐Shien , Chang Yao‐Chien Alex , Lin Na‐Sheng 
Published: November 2019

SummaryCymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) are the two most prevalent viruses infecting orchids and causing economic losses worldwide. Mixed infection of CymMV and ORSV could induce intensified symptoms as early at 10 days post‐inoculation in inoculated Phalaenopsis amabilis, where CymMV pathogenesis was unilaterally enhanced by ORSV. To reveal the antiviral RNA silencing activity in orchids, we characterized the viral small‐interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) from CymMV and ORSV singly or synergistically infecting P. amabilis. We also temporally classified the inoculated leaf‐tip tissues and noninoculated adjacent tissues as late and early stages of infection, respectively. Regardless of early or late stage with single or double infection, CymMV and ORSV vsiRNAs were predominant in 21‐ and 22‐nt sizes, with excess positive polarity and under‐represented 5ʹ‐guanine. While CymMV vsiRNAs mainly derived from RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase‐coding regions, ORSV vsiRNAs encompassed the coat protein gene and 3ʹ‐untranslated region, with a specific hotspot residing in the 3ʹ‐terminal pseudoknot. With double infection, CymMV vsiRNAs increased more than 5‐fold in number with increasing virus titres. Most vsiRNA features remained unchanged with double inoculation, but additional ORSV vsiRNA hotspot peaks were prominent. The potential vsiRNA‐mediated regulation of the novel targets in double‐infected tissues thereby provides a different view of CymMV and ORSV synergism. Hence, temporally profiled vsiRNAs from taxonomically distinct CymMV and ORSV illustrate active antiviral RNA silencing in their natural host, Phalaenopsis, during both early and late stages of infection. Our findings provide insights into offence–defence interactions among CymMV, ORSV and orchids.