bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a prior history of cancer on prognosis after myeloablative single-unit cord blood transplantation
Authors: Okabe Motohito , Konuma Takaaki , Oiwa-Monna Maki , Kato Seiko , Isobe Masamichi , Takahashi Satoshi , Tojo Arinobu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A prior history of cancer was associated with higher non-relapse mortality or overall mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. Because it is unclear whether the outcomes after cord blood transplantation are influenced by a prior history of cancer, we retrospectively assessed the prevalence and prognostic impact of a prior history of cancer in adult patients undergoing myeloablative single-unit cord blood transplantation in our institute between 2004 and 2020. The univariate analysis showed that a prior history of cancer did not affect the probability of overall survival; the cumulative incidence of relapse; or non-relapse mortality. In the multivariate analysis, prior history of cancer was not associated with overall mortality, relapse or non-relapse mortality. No patients with a prior history of cancer had experienced prior cancer relapse. A prior history of cancer was not associated with non-relapse mortality or overall mortality following single-unit cord blood transplantation.
Galaxy clusters as intrinsic alignment tracers: present and future
Authors: Vedder C J G , Chisari N E 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Galaxies and clusters embedded in the large-scale structure of the Universe are observed to align in preferential directions. Galaxy alignment has been established as a potential probe for cosmological information, but the application of cluster alignments for these purposes remains unexplored. Clusters are observed to have a higher alignment amplitude than galaxies, but because galaxies are much more numerous, the trade-off in detectability between the two signals remains unclear. We present forecasts comparing cluster and galaxy alignments for two extragalactic survey set-ups: a currently available low-redshift survey (Sloan Digital Sky Survey, SDSS) and an upcoming higher redshift survey (Legacy Survey of Space and Time, LSST). For SDSS, we rely on the publicly available redmapper catalogue to describe the cluster sample. For LSST, we perform estimations of the expected number counts while we extrapolate the alignment measurements from SDSS. Clusters in SDSS have typically higher alignment signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) than galaxies. For LSST, the cluster alignment signals quickly wash out with redshift due to a relatively low number count and a decreasing alignment amplitude. Nevertheless, a potential strong suit of clusters is in their interplay with weak lensing: intrinsic alignments can be more easily isolated for clusters than for galaxies. The S/N of cluster alignment can in general be improved by isolating close pairs along the line of sight.
Effects of stellar density on the photoevaporation of circumstellar discs
Authors: Concha-Ramírez Francisca , Wilhelm Martijn J C , Zwart Simon Portegies , van Terwisga Sierk E , Hacar Alvaro 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Circumstellar discs are the precursors of planetary systems and develop shortly after their host star has formed. In their early stages, these discs are immersed in an environment rich in gas and neighbouring stars, which can be hostile for their survival. There are several environmental processes that affect the evolution of circumstellar discs, and external photoevaporation is arguably one of the most important ones. Theoretical and observational evidence point to circumstellar discs losing mass quickly when in the vicinity of massive, bright stars. In this work, we simulate circumstellar discs in clustered environments in a range of stellar densities, where the photoevaporation mass-loss process is resolved simultaneously with the stellar dynamics, stellar evolution, and the viscous evolution of the discs. Our results indicate that external photoevaporation is efficient in depleting disc masses and that the degree of its effect is related to stellar density. We find that a local stellar density lower than 100 stars pc−2 is necessary for discs massive enough to form planets to survive for 2.0 Myr. There is an order of magnitude difference in the disc masses in regions of projected density 100 versus 104 stars pc−2. We compare our results to observations of the Lupus clouds, the Orion Nebula Cluster, the Orion Molecular Cloud-2, Taurus, and NGC 2024, and find that the trends observed between region density and disc masses are similar to those in our simulations.
Systematic evaluation of the effects of genetic variants on PIWI-interacting RNA expression across 33 cancer types
Authors: Xin Junyi , Du Mulong , Jiang Xia , Wu Yanling , Ben Shuai , Zheng Rui , Chu Haiyan , Li Shuwei , Zhang Zhengdong , Wang Meilin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are an emerging class of non-coding RNAs involved in tumorigenesis. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis has been demonstrated to help reveal the genetic mechanism of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cancer etiology. However, there are no databases that have been constructed to provide an eQTL analysis between SNPs and piRNA expression. In this study, we collected genotyping and piRNA expression data for 10 997 samples across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Using linear regression cis-eQTL analysis with adjustment of appropriate covariates, we identified millions of SNP-piRNA pairs in tumor (76 924 831) and normal (24 431 061) tissues. Further, we performed differential expression and survival analyses, and linked the eQTLs to genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to comprehensively decipher the functional roles of identified cis-piRNA eQTLs. Finally, we developed a user-friendly database, piRNA-eQTL (http://njmu-edu.cn:3838/piRNA-eQTL/), to help users query, browse and download corresponding eQTL results. In summary, piRNA-eQTL could serve as an important resource to assist the research community in understanding the roles of genetic variants and piRNAs in the development of cancers.
A Multifunction Trade-Off has Contrasting Effects on the Evolution of Form and Function
Authors: Corn Katherine A , Martinez Christopher M , Burress Edward D , Wainwright Peter C 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTrade-offs caused by the use of an anatomical apparatus for more than one function are thought to be an important constraint on evolution. However, whether multifunctionality suppresses diversification of biomechanical systems is challenged by recent literature showing that traits more closely tied to trade-offs evolve more rapidly. We contrast the evolutionary dynamics of feeding mechanics and morphology between fishes that exclusively capture prey with suction and multifunctional species that augment this mechanism with biting behaviors to remove attached benthic prey. Diversification of feeding kinematic traits was, on average, over 13.5 times faster in suction feeders, consistent with constraint on biters due to mechanical trade-offs between biting and suction performance. Surprisingly, we found that the evolution of morphology contrasts directly with these differences in kinematic evolution, with significantly faster rates of evolution of head shape in biters. This system provides clear support for an often postulated, but rarely confirmed prediction that multifunctionality stifles functional diversification, while also illustrating the sometimes weak relationship between form and function. [Form-function evolution; geometric morphometrics; kinematic evolution; macroevolution; Ornstein–Uhlenbeck; RevBayes; suction feeding]
Reproducibility of Radiographic Measurements Made in the Active Stages of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: Evaluation of a Prognostic Indicator and an Interim Outcome Measure
Authors: Tis John E. , Laine Jennifer C. , Sankar Wudbhav N. , Jo Chan-Hee , Kim Harry K.W. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Deformity index (DI) and extrusion index (EI) are 2 radiographic methods currently used to quantify femoral head deformity in the active stages of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. This study aimed to quantify the interobserver reproducibility of the 2 methods using a large, international group of pediatric orthopaedic surgeons with diverse clinical experience.

Methods:
Radiographs of patients (age 6 to 11 y at time of diagnosis) prospectively enrolled in an international multicenter-cohort study, were measured by members of our study group. For each radiograph, the raters independently assessed EI (n=33 cases) and DI (n=32 cases), along with the rater’s subjective assessment of the extent of hip deformity (ie, none, mild, moderate, or severe). Reliability analysis was conducted using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and κ techniques.

Results:
The ICC for EI on the affected side was 0.68 (95% confidence interval: 0.57-0.79). The calculated DI ICC was 0.53 (95% confidence interval: 0.41-0.68). Subjectively, an average of 68±3.5% of surgeons agreed on the subjective description of each patient’s femoral head deformity.

Conclusions:
EI is measured with a reasonably high rate of correlation among surgeons from disparate backgrounds. Agreement is lower among the same group of surgeons when the more complex DI is used. DI is most useful when utilized by a small number of experienced observers in a research setting, whereas EI may have better clinical applicability.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—reliability study.
The Impact of Perinatal Life Stress on Infant Temperament and Child Development: A 2-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study
Authors: Thiel Freya , Eberhard-Gran Malin , Garthus-Niegel Susan 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT:

Background:
Accumulating evidence suggests a persistent impact of perinatal exposure to maternal stress on the infant. In utero, the fetus is particularly vulnerable to maternal stress and mental health complications with various long-term consequences. This study examines the prospective relationship of subclinical maternal perinatal life stress based on individual responses to stressful life events and infant temperament and child development.

Methods:
Data were derived from the Akershus Birth Cohort, a longitudinal cohort study including 3,752 women scheduled to give birth at Akershus University Hospital, Norway. Psychometric measures pertained to perinatal life stress, maternal perinatal depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), difficult infant temperament at 8 weeks (Infant Characteristics Questionnaire), and child development 2 years after birth (Ages & Stages Questionnaire).

Results:
Perinatal life stress predicted difficult infant temperament at 8 weeks and challenges in social-emotional development at 2 years above and beyond demographics, pregnancy, and childbirth-related and postpartum factors.

Conclusion:
Life events perceived as severely distressing in the peripartum period pose a burden on mothers and may have potentially detrimental long-term effects on neurobiological and social-emotional child development. Our findings highlight the need for person-centered perinatal care and support of mothers facing difficult life events. Clinical awareness of in utero development and its relationship to maternal psychological health is warranted to intervene effectively. Future research should consider the timing of in utero exposure and neurobiological and environmental mechanisms pertaining to the relationship between maternal perinatal life stress and child development.
Parental Misattribution of Environmental Stress Reaction Symptoms to Autism
Authors: Phelps Randall , Van Scoyoc Amanda , Marquardt Melissa 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
This research aims to characterize parental misattribution to autism of challenging child behaviors related to environmental stress.

Methods:
To identify differences between parental concern about behavioral challenges and child diagnoses, researchers reviewed records of children assessed at a child development clinic (N = 50, mean age = 4.38), genetics clinic (N = 26, mean age = 4.59), and therapeutic preschool (N = 30, mean age = 3.75), comparing referral information with child diagnoses postassessment. Surveys of parental and teacher concerns regarding children at therapeutic preschool who were not referred for consultation (N = 49) were reviewed and compared with the referral population to assess for referral bias.

Results:
A high rate of parental concern about autism/neurodevelopmental disabilities was found in therapeutic preschool referrals (63%) and the child development clinic (74%), with fewer concerns in the genetics clinic (19%), in contrast with substantially lower numbers ultimately diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (13%, 32%, and 8%, respectively). Across clinics, parents demonstrated greater concern about autism than environmental stress. In all clinics, more children had symptoms related to environmental stress than referrals suggested. Seventy-seven percent of children in the therapeutic preschool, 30% in the child development clinic, and 47% in the genetics clinic were diagnosed with trauma and stressor-related disorders. The results from children not referred for consultation suggest that referral bias plays a role in this phenomenon because parents of these children express similar levels of concern about their child's development (32%) and challenges related to environmental stressors (29%).

Conclusion:
The results suggest a tendency for parents seeking consultation to attribute to autism behavioral symptoms related to environmental stress.
Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties Following Syringe-to-Syringe Mixing of Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers
Authors: Goldman Mitchel P. , Few Julius , Binauld Sandra , Nuñez Illyce , Hee Christopher K. , Bernardin Aude 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND
Historically, soft-tissue hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers have been mixed with agents to reduce pain or alter physicochemical properties.

OBJECTIVE
Evaluate the impact of dilution and mixing on HA filler physicochemical properties.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Crosslinked HA filler (VYC-20L, 20 mg/mL) was diluted to 15 mg/mL using saline through 5 or 10 passes between 2 syringes connected using a luer connector. Extrusion force, rheological properties, and microscopic appearance were assessed. Undiluted VYC-15L (15 mg/mL) served as the control.

RESULTS
Average extrusion force was higher for diluted VYC-20L versus the control, with an increase in slope for gel diluted using 5 passes (0.65) and 10 passes (0.52) versus the control (<0.1). For diluted samples mixed with 5 or 10 passes, the rheological profile was different between the 2 halves of the syringe, with the second half more elastic than the first half, compared with the consistent profile of undiluted samples. Microscopically, diluted VYC-20L samples seemed more liquid near the luer and more particulate near the piston compared with the control, which was smooth throughout.

CONCLUSION
In addition to potentially introducing contamination, diluting or mixing soft-tissue HA fillers yields a heterogeneous product with physicochemical characteristics that vary substantially throughout the syringe.
Supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation reduces desaturation during bronchoscopy under moderate to deep sedation with propofol and remifentanil
Authors: Zha Benjun , Wu Zhiyun , Xie Ping , Xiong Huaping , Xu Li , Wei Huafeng 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND
Hypoxaemia is frequently seen during flexible bronchoscopies that are done with a nasal approach under the traditional sedation with propofol. This study investigated the potential benefits of supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation (SJOV) using the Wei nasal jet tube (WNJ) in reducing hypoxaemia in patients undergoing bronchoscopy under moderate to deep intravenous sedation using a propofol, lidocaine and remifentanil cocktail.

OBJECTIVES
Our primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy and complications of SJOV via the WNJ during flexible bronchoscopy under moderate to heavy sedation with propofol and remifentanil.

DESIGN
A randomised controlled clinical trial.

SETTING
The 180th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Quanzhou, China, from 1 June to 1 November 2019.

PATIENTS
A total of 280 patients aged ≥18 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists’ physical status 1 to 3 undergoing flexible bronchoscopy were studied.

INTERVENTIONS
Patients were assigned randomly into one of two groups, a nasal cannula oxygenation (NCO) group (n = 140) using a nasal cannula to deliver oxygen (4 l min−1) or the SJOV group (n = 140) using a WNJ connected to a manual jet ventilator to provide SJOV at a driving pressure of 103 kPa, respiratory rate 20 min−1, F
iO2 1.0 and inspiratory:expiratory (I:E) ratio 1:2.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was an incidence of desaturation (defined as SpO2 < 90%) during the procedure. Other adverse events related to the sedation or SJOV were also recorded.

RESULTS
Compared with the NCO group, the incidence of desaturation in the SJOV group was lower (NCO 37.0% vs. SJOV 13.1%) (P < 0.001). Patients in the SJOV group had a higher incidence of a dry mouth at 1 min (13.1% vs. 1.5%, P < 0.001) than at 30 min (1.5% vs. 0%, P = 0.159) or at 24 h (0% vs. 0%). There was no significant difference between the groups in respect of sore throat, subcutaneous emphysema or nasal bleeding.

CONCLUSIONS
SJOV via a WNJ during flexible bronchoscopy under moderate to deep sedation with propofol and remifentanil significantly reduces the incidence of desaturation when compared with regular oxygen supplementation via a nasal cannula. Patients in the SJOV group had an increased incidence of transient dry mouth.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Registered at www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1900023514).
ANALYSIS OF FLUID VOLUME AND ITS IMPACT ON VISUAL ACUITY IN THE FLUID STUDY AS QUANTIFIED WITH DEEP LEARNING
Authors: Reiter Gregor S. , Grechenig Christoph , Vogl Wolf-Dieter , Guymer Robyn H. , Arnold Jennifer J. , Bogunovic Hrvoje , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To investigate quantitative differences in fluid volumes between subretinal fluid (SRF)–tolerant and SRF-intolerant treat-and-extend regimens for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and analyze the association with best-corrected visual acuity.

Methods:
Macular fluid (SRF and intraretinal fluid) was quantified on optical coherence tomography volumetric scans using a trained and validated deep learning algorithm. Fluid volumes and complete resolution was automatically assessed throughout the study. The impact of fluid location and volumes on best-corrected visual acuity was computed using mixed-effects regression models.

Results:
Baseline fluid quantifications for 348 eyes from 348 patients were balanced (all P > 0.05). No quantitative differences in SRF/intraretinal fluid between the treatment arms was found at any study-specific time point (all P > 0.05). Compared with qualitative assessment, the proportion of eyes without SRF/intraretinal fluid did not differ between the groups at any time point (all P > 0.05). Intraretinal fluid in the central 1 mm and SRF in the 1-mm to 6-mm macular area were negatively associated with best-corrected visual acuity (−2.8 letters/100 nL intraretinal fluid, P = 0.007 and −0.20 letters/100 nL SRF, P = 0.005, respectively).

Conclusion:
Automated fluid quantification using artificial intelligence allows objective and precise assessment of macular fluid volume and location. Precise determination of fluid parameters will help improve therapeutic efficacy of treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Acute Gastroenteritis Disease Burden in Infants With Medical Risk Conditions in the Netherlands
Authors: van Dongen Josephine A. P. , Rouers Elsbeth D. M. , Schuurman Rob , Bonten Marc J. M. , Bruijning-Verhagen Patricia 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Infants with medical risk conditions are vulnerable to childhood infections including acute gastroenteritis (AGE). To guide prevention programs, we quantified AGE incidence, severity and virus prevalence among medical risk infants in the Netherlands.

Methods:
This prospective cohort-study was part of the RIVAR-project recruiting infants with prematurity, low birth weight or severe congenital conditions in 13 hospitals. Follow-up included 18 monthly health questionnaires detailing AGE symptoms and healthcare usage. Parents were also instructed to notify when an infant developed AGE, to collect a stool sample and complete a daily severity score (Modified Vesikari Severity). Stool samples were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction for rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus and astrovirus.

Results:
Between November 2014 and October 2017, 631 infants participated during 9125 person-months of observation. In total, 559 episodes were identified. The mean AGE incidence rate was 73.5 per 100 person-years (PY) (95% confidence interval: 67.6–79.9) and increased with age [incidence rate: 48.3 (39.8–58.3) vs. 80.2 (73.0–88.1)/100 PY for ages 1–5 vs. 6–18 months, respectively]. Healthcare was attended for 38.1% (213/559) and 26.8% (68/254) were classified as severe based on the Modified Vesikari Severity. Stool samples were obtained from 254 AGE episodes. Norovirus was identified in 65 (25.6%) and rotavirus in 44 (17.7%). Adenovirus and astrovirus together accounted for 8.3% (N = 21). Severe AGE occurred most frequently in rotavirus positive episodes.

Conclusion:
The observed AGE incidence, severity and healthcare usage among medical risk infants confirms substantial disease burden. Norovirus and rotavirus are the dominant pathogens and severe episodes occurred most frequently in children with rotavirus infection. AGE prevention in medical risk infants should be prioritized.
Mortality Patterns Among Industrial Workers Exposed to Chloroprene and Other Substances
Authors: Marsh Gary M. , Kruchten Adam , Buchanich Jeanine M. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:To update the U.S. portion of an historical cohort mortality study of workers with potential exposure to chloroprene (CD) and vinyl chloride (VC) with focus on lung and liver cancer.Methods:Subjects were 6864 workers from two sites with vital status determined through 2017 for 99% of subjects and cause of death for 97.2% of deaths. Historical exposures to CD and VC were estimated quantitatively. We performed external and internal mortality comparisons.Results:External comparisons revealed mostly deficits in deaths; internal comparisons revealed no consistent evidence of exposure-response relationships with CD or VC.Conclusions:Our update continues to support the conclusion that the risk of death from lung or liver cancer is unrelated to exposure to CD or VC at levels experienced by workers in the two U.S. sites.