bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide attempt and suicide in refugees in Sweden – a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Amin Ridwanul , Helgesson Magnus , Runeson Bo , Tinghög Petter , Mehlum Lars , Qin Ping , Holmes Emily A. , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite a reported high rate of mental disorders in refugees, scientific knowledge on their risk of suicide attempt and suicide is scarce. We aimed to investigate (1) the risk of suicide attempt and suicide in refugees in Sweden, according to their country of birth, compared with Swedish-born individuals and (2) to what extent time period effects, socio-demographics, labour market marginalisation (LMM) and morbidity explain these associations.MethodsThree cohorts comprising the entire population of Sweden, 16–64 years at 31 December 1999, 2004 and 2009 (around 5 million each, of which 3.3–5.0% refugees), were followed for 4 years each through register linkage. Additionally, the 2004 cohort was followed for 9 years, to allow analyses by refugees' country of birth. Crude and multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. The multivariate models were adjusted for socio-demographic, LMM and morbidity factors.ResultsIn multivariate analyses, HRs regarding suicide attempt and suicide in refugees, compared with Swedish-born, ranged from 0.38–1.25 and 0.16–1.20 according to country of birth, respectively. Results were either non-significant or showed lower risks for refugees. Exceptions were refugees from Iran (HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.14–1.41) for suicide attempt. The risk for suicide attempt in refugees compared with the Swedish-born diminished slightly across time periods.ConclusionsRefugees seem to be protected from suicide attempt and suicide relative to Swedish-born, which calls for more studies to disentangle underlying risk and protective factors.
Neuroanatomical abnormalities in first-episode psychosis across independent samples: a multi-centre mega-analysis
Authors: Vieira Sandra , Gong Qiyong , Scarpazza Cristina , Lui Su , Huang Xiaoqi , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto , Tordesillas-Gutierrez Diana , de la Foz Víctor Ortiz-García , Setien-Suero Esther , Scheepers Floor , van Haren Neeltje E.M. , Kahn René , Reis Marques Tiago , Ciufolini Simone , Di Forti Marta , Murray Robin M , David Anthony , Dazzan Paola , McGuire Philip , Mechelli Andrea 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeuroanatomical abnormalities in first-episode psychosis (FEP) tend to be subtle and widespread. The vast majority of previous studies have used small samples, and therefore may have been underpowered. In addition, most studies have examined participants at a single research site, and therefore the results may be specific to the local sample investigated. Consequently, the findings reported in the existing literature are highly heterogeneous. This study aimed to overcome these issues by testing for neuroanatomical abnormalities in individuals with FEP that are expressed consistently across several independent samples.MethodsStructural Magnetic Resonance Imaging data were acquired from a total of 572 FEP and 502 age and gender comparable healthy controls at five sites. Voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate differences in grey matter volume (GMV) between the two groups. Statistical inferences were made at p < 0.05 after family-wise error correction for multiple comparisons.ResultsFEP showed a widespread pattern of decreased GMV in fronto-temporal, insular and occipital regions bilaterally; these decreases were not dependent on anti-psychotic medication. The region with the most pronounced decrease – gyrus rectus – was negatively correlated with the severity of positive and negative symptoms.ConclusionsThis study identified a consistent pattern of fronto-temporal, insular and occipital abnormalities in five independent FEP samples; furthermore, the extent of these alterations is dependent on the severity of symptoms and duration of illness. This provides evidence for reliable neuroanatomical alternations in FEP, expressed above and beyond site-related differences in anti-psychotic medication, scanning parameters and recruitment criteria.
Short fiction writing in English by Chinese university students: An integrated F-A-I-T-H approach
Authors: Sui Gang 
Published: December 2019

When delivering a speech at a meeting of the Writers’ Congress, Ernest Hemingway said as a fiction writer:A writer's problem does not change. He himself changes, but his problem remains the same. It is always how to write truly and having found what is true, to project it in such a way that it becomes part of the experience of the person who reads it. (1937)Does this statement still ring true today? If it does, what approach should and can be taken for Chinese university students to write ‘truly’ during their fiction writing workshops in English when they know what they try to accomplish is indeed something fictional or self-evidently ‘untrue’? What characterises the main thematic and stylistic elements of Chinese students’ short stories written in English as creative outcomes?
Giving Children a Say without Giving Them a Choice: Obtaining Affirmation of a child’s Non-dissent to Participation in Nonbeneficial Research
Authors: KANTIN HOLLY 
Published: December 2019

Abstract:To what extent, if any, should minors have a say about whether they participate in research that offers them no prospect of direct benefit? This article addresses this question as it pertains to minors who cannot understand enough about what their participation would involve to make an autonomous choice, but can comprehend enough to have and express opinions about participating. The first aim is to defend David Wendler and Seema Shah’s claim that minors who meet this description should not be offered a choice about whether they participate. The second aim is to show, contra Wendler and Shah, that the principle of nonmaleficence requires more with respect to giving these minors a say than merely respecting their dissent. Additionally, it requires that investigators obtain affirmation of their non-dissent. This addresses intuitive concerns about denying children a choice, while steering clear of the problems that arise with allowing them one.
ASP-Core-2 Input Language Format
Authors: CALIMERI FRANCESCO , FABER WOLFGANG , GEBSER MARTIN , IANNI GIOVAMBATTISTA , KAMINSKI ROLAND , KRENNWALLNER THOMAS , LEONE NICOLA , MARATEA MARCO , RICCA FRANCESCO , SCHAUB TORSTEN 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStandardization of solver input languages has been a main driver for the growth of several areas within knowledge representation and reasoning, fostering the exploitation in actual applications. In this document, we present the ASP-CORE-2 standard input language for Answer Set Programming, which has been adopted in ASP Competition events since 2013.
Responsibly Communicating Delays After Suicides on Railways
Authors: van Leeuwen Lonneke , Bommelé Jeroen , Hoogcarspel Bart 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Background: By communicating collision with a person as a reason for post-suicide railway delays, railway companies may involuntarily communicate to the public that colliding with a train is a suicide method. Aims: To compare the impact of the collision with a person delay announcement with an announcement about emergency services and one about collision with an animal (control announcement), we measured suicide-related emotions, associations with suicide, and announcement appreciation. Method: A randomized controlled online experiment ( N = 664) was conducted. Results: After exposure to the collision with a person announcement, participants were 9.1 times more likely to indicate suicide as the most probable reason for the delay than after the emergency services announcement. The emotional impact of both announcements was low. Still, participants reported more anger toward the victim after exposure to the collision with a person announcement than after exposure to the emergency services announcement. Announcement appreciation was significantly higher after exposure to collision with a person. Limitations: This online experiment may have reflected real-life situations concerning train delays to only a limited extent. Conclusion: From the perspective of suicide prevention, the emergency services announcement is a more appropriate delay announcement than the collision with a person announcement.
Plasma Flow in the North‐South Aligned Discrete Aurora Equatorward of the Cusp
Authors: Taguchi S. , Hosokawa K. , Ogawa Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOn the equatorward side of the dayside cusp there often appear diffuse auroras. In this paper, we report north‐south aligned discrete aurora events and show the spatial relationships between the auroras and the plasma flow. Several events of the north‐south aligned discrete auroral structures were identified using an all‐sky imager at Longyearbyen, Svalbard, during the recovery of a moderately disturbed period on 8 December 2013. During a brief interval of the moderately disturbed period, the cusp shifted to higher latitudes; as a result, the field‐aligned beam of the EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) passed through the northern portion of the north‐south aligned auroral structures. Simultaneous observations from the all‐sky imager and ESR reveal that enhancements in ion temperature (caused by fast ion flow) occurred near the eastward and westward boundaries of the north‐south aligned auroral structures. However, within the region of the most enhanced aurora, the ion temperature enhancements were moderately suppressed. These features indicate that the ion flow slows down in the region of electron precipitation responsible for north‐south aligned auroral structures. We can quantitatively interpret the slowdown of the flow as the reduction of the electric field due to the polarization effect in the north‐south aligned region of the increased Pedersen conductivity. It thus appears that the magnetospheric source of the north‐south aligned discrete auroras is a limited area embedded in the region of plasma flow toward the dayside magnetopause.
Terrestrial Bow Shock Parameters From MMS Measurements: Dependence on Upstream and Downstream Time Ranges
Authors: Hanson E. L. M. , Agapitov O. V. , Mozer F. S. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Bale S. D. , Avanov L. , Giles B. L. , Torbert R. B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe have investigated the dependence of shock parameters (speed vsh, normal
, and angle θBn) on the choice of upstream and downstream regions for 51 bow shock crossings in Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Fast Survey data. We summarize guidelines for selecting stream regions based on the magnetic field and particle moments. Preferred upstream and downstream combinations were identified by minimizing Rankine‐Hugoniot conservation errors. Comparing parameters from different upstream/downstream combinations provided a measure of how stream region choices affect the parameters. Shifting from the preferred stream region combination to another would cause <5° change in
for 90% of shocks, <15 km/s change in vsh of 70% of shocks, and <5° change in θBn for 84% of shocks. All parameters would shift by more than their standard deviations σ. The most robust is
, which would change by <1σ for 22% and <3σ for 86% of shocks, while vsh is the least robust, changing by <3σ for only 12% of shocks. We provide summary plots and detailed lists of parameters in the supporting information (also available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3583341).
Semiannual Variations in 1,000‐dbar Equatorial Indian Ocean Velocity and Isotherm Displacements from Argo Data
Authors: Zanowski Hannah , Johnson Gregory C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe semiannual Rossby wave in the equatorial Indian Ocean is analyzed using 1,000‐dbar horizontal drift and 3‐D isotherm displacement data from Argo floats. The strong semiannual variations in zonal velocity associated with this wave that have been previously studied are confirmed here, and a more complete picture of the wave is provided with the addition of the 1,000‐dbar meridional velocities and 0‐ to 2,000‐dbar isotherm displacements. At 1,000 dbar, semiannual variations in each field are consistent with Rossby wave physics: Zonal velocity is maximal on the equator, isotherm displacement and meridional velocity extrema are colocated with equatorially symmetric zonal velocity phase reversals near ±2.5° in latitude, and all three fields propagate westward over the year. The latitudinal structure of the meridional velocities in the central and eastern Indian Ocean hints at Rossby wave energy in higher meridional modes than the first, but that signature is not apparent in the isotherm displacements or the zonal velocities. With upward and westward phase propagation and downward and westward energy propagation, isotherm displacement vertical sections confirm the presence of a vertically propagating wave that reaches to at least 2,000 dbar, the deepest extent of the Argo floats.
Quantifying the Impact of Wind‐Current Feedback on Mesoscale Variability in Forced Simulation Experiments of the Agulhas Current Using an Eddy‐Tracking Algorithm
Authors: Braby Laura , Backeberg Björn , Krug Marjolaine , Reason Chris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe variability in the source regions of the Agulhas Current is influenced by mesoscale eddies. While existing numerical models are successfully able to capture many aspects of the Agulhas Current, many models are unable to accurately represent the observed eddy dissipation and interaction processes, affecting our understanding of mesoscale variability within the current. In this study, we compare two forced simulation experiments in a regional Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), where we change the wind forcing, and using an eddy‐tracking algorithm quantify the local effect of the changed wind stress on source region eddies and their interaction with the northern Agulhas Current. There is an overall reduction in eddy kinetic energy (EKE) over the domain, and the representation of Agulhas Current velocities are improved. This study shows that the contribution of meanders and small eddies to the total EKE of the region is greater than the EKE contribution from tracked mesoscale eddies. Changes in eddy properties resulting from the change in forcing from absolute to relative winds (the wind speed relative to the current speed) have resulted in significantly different mesoscale eddy properties. Finally, the evolution of meanders in the Agulhas Current, including the frequency and dissipation of smaller meanders and Natal Pulse type meanders, was assessed using HYCOM experiments and compared to satellite observations. The simulated frequency of smaller meanders compares more favorably to the observations with the change in wind forcing. However, larger Agulhas Current meanders are now too infrequent in the regional HYCOM.
Submesoscale Features and Turbulent Mixing of an Oblique Anticyclonic Eddy in the Gulf of Alaska Investigated by Marine Seismic Survey Data
Authors: Tang Qunshu , Gulick Sean P. S. , Sun Jie , Sun Longtao , Jing Zhiyou 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMesoscale eddies are ubiquitous in the global ocean and can be captured by marine multichannel seismic surveys. In this study, a short‐lived anticyclonic eddy is characterized along the seismic line STEEP11 acquired on 30 September 2008 in northern Gulf of Alaska. Fine‐scale eddy stratification with alternative strong striae and weak layers is regarded as a typical eddy structure of the study region. The eddy center dips along a NW tilted axis of 1.9 ± 0.2° from the horizontal. Submesoscale structures including fronts and filaments coexist around the eddy periphery and dominate ~70% of the eddy volume. The estimated geostrophic current is asymmetric and ageostrophic components must play a significant role in balancing the eddy system. Nonlinearity of the eddy is strong as its rotation speed is much higher than its translation speed. We suggest that Ekman transport is probably responsible for the skewed shape with regards to the asymmetric geostrophic current and asymmetric submesoscale processes. Detailed turbulent diffusivities in and around the eddy are quantified, with an average level of 6.5 × 10−5 m2 s−1. The diapycnal diffusivities show an increasing pattern from the eddy center to the surrounding water. With the pervasive submesoscale processes as the transitional dynamics, a forward cascade of energy could be expected from the mesoscale eddy to the fine‐scale wave‐breaking and turbulence. The irregular vortex structure may reduce the structural stability, facilitate the energy conversion, and accelerate the eddy dissipation.
Magnitude and Phase of Diurnal SST Variations in the ACCESS‐S1 Model During the Suppressed Phase of the MJOs
Authors: Hsu Je‐Yuan , Hendon Harry , Feng Ming , Zhou Xiaobing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDiurnal variations of sea surface temperature (DV SST) can affect the heat and moisture fluxes at the air‐sea interface during the suppressed phase of the MJO, thereby conditioning a favorable atmosphere environment for the subsequent MJO active phase. In order to better understand the causes and impacts of DV SST, and the modeling requirements for faithfully simulating these processes, we explore the DV SST and their influences on the air‐sea fluxes during the suppressed phases of three MJO events using a global coupled model, ACCESS‐S1, which has a 1‐m vertical resolution near the ocean surface and coupling frequency of 1 hr. Compared with the MTSAT‐1R satellite SST measurements, ACCESS‐S1 is able to simulate the magnitude of the DV SST reliably but has a phase delay in simulated peak SST of ~3 hr. Imposing an instant vertical mixing in the upper 10 m in ACCESS‐S1 would suppress the DV SST by >1°K and decrease the peak (>30 W m−2) and daily averaged latent heat flux. On the other hand, changing the atmosphere‐ocean coupling frequency within several hours mostly affects the DV SST phase instead of magnitude. Extreme DV SST (>1°K) occurs only when ocean mixing layer depth = 1 m. It implies that vertical resolution of ≤1 m near the sea surface is important for the coupled models to simulate both the magnitude and phase of DV SST accurately and thereby the air‐sea heat fluxes in future model forecast of the MJO.
An Inherent Optical Properties Data Processing System for Achieving Consistent Ocean Color Products From Different Ocean Color Satellites
Authors: Chen Jun , He Xianqiang , Xing Xiaogang , Xing Qianguo , Liu Zhongli , Pan Delu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe used field measurements and multimission satellite data to evaluate how well an inherent optical properties (IOPs) data processing system performed at correcting the residual error of the atmospheric correction in satellite remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) and how well the system simultaneously minimized intermission biases between different remote sensing systems. We developed the IOPs data processing system as a semianalytical algorithm called IDAS. Our results show that IDAS generates accurate and consistent IOPs products from two ocean color missions: Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐View Sensor (SeaWiFS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Aqua (MODISA). Specifically, with “high‐quality” SeaWiFS and MODISA Rrs data, IDAS provided temporally consistent IOPs products for the oligotrophic open ocean resulting in an annual mean intermission difference of less than 3%, which is significantly lower than what a quasi‐analytical algorithm (QAA) provided. We used IDAS to generate a long time series of bb(555) from the Northwest Atlantic Subtropical Gyre using SeaWiFS (1998 to 2002) and MODISA (2003 to 2017) images. Our results show that the IDAS‐derived annual bb(555) decreased monotonically by 2.81% per decade from 1998 to 2017. Comparing the IDAS‐generated annual trend for bb(555) to the same data processed with the QAA algorithm, we found that the QAA results differed because of impacts of the residual errors of the atmospheric correction and intermission biases. The differences in the annual trends existed despite the same temporal changing patterns of in situ particulate organic carbon existing in the Sargasso Sea and in the satellite chlorophyll‐a concentration in the Northwest Atlantic Subtropical Gyre.
Trading Water for Carbon: Maintaining Photosynthesis at the Cost of Increased Water Loss During High Temperatures in a Temperate Forest
Authors: Griebel Anne , Bennett Lauren T. , Metzen Daniel , Pendall Elise , Lane Patrick N.J. , Arndt Stefan K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCarbon and water fluxes are often assumed to be coupled as a result of stomatal regulation during dry conditions. However, recent observations evidenced increased transpiration rates during isolated heatwaves across a range of eucalypt species under experimental and natural conditions, with inconsistent effects on photosynthesis (ranging from increases to stark declines). To improve the empirical basis for understanding carbon and water fluxes in forests under hotter and drier climates, we measured the water use of dominant trees and ecosystem‐scale carbon and water exchange in a temperate eucalypt forest over three summer seasons. The forest maintained photosynthesis within 16% of baseline rates during hot and dry conditions, despite ~70% reductions in canopy conductance during a 5‐day heatwave. While carbon and water fluxes both decreased by 16% on exceptionally dry days, gross primary productivity only decreased by 5% during the hottest days and increased by 2% during the heatwave. However, evapotranspiration increased by 43% (hottest days) and 74% (heatwave), leading to ~40% variation in traditional water use efficiency (water use efficiency = gross primary productivity/evapotranspiration) across conditions and approximately two‐fold differences between traditional and underlying or intrinsic water use efficiency on the same days. Furthermore, the forest became a net source of carbon following a 137% increase in ecosystem respiration during the heatwave, highlighting that the potential for temperate eucalypt forests to act as net carbon sinks under hotter and drier climates will depend not only on the responses of photosynthesis to higher temperatures and changes in water availability, but also on the concomitant responses of ecosystem respiration.
How to measure the entropy of a mesoscopic system via thermoelectric transport
Authors: Kleeorin Yaakov , Thierschmann Holger , Buhmann Hartmut , Georges Antoine , Molenkamp Laurens W. , Meir Yigal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEntropy is a fundamental thermodynamic quantity indicative of the accessible degrees of freedom in a system. While it has been suggested that the entropy of a mesoscopic system can yield nontrivial information on emergence of exotic states, its measurement in such small electron-number system is a daunting task. Here we propose a method to extract the entropy of a Coulomb-blockaded mesoscopic system from transport measurements. We prove analytically and demonstrate numerically the applicability of the method to such a mesoscopic system of arbitrary spectrum and degeneracies. We then apply our procedure to measurements of thermoelectric response of a single quantum dot, and demonstrate how it can be used to deduce the entropy change across Coulomb-blockade valleys, resolving, along the way, a long-standing puzzle of the experimentally observed finite thermoelectric response at the apparent particle-hole symmetric point.