bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections on the Tsunami
Authors: Shakir Imam Zaid 
Published: October 2020

Wa’l `Asr Innal Insana lafi Khusr…1By the testimony of time, surely humankind is in a state of loss…
The exegetes mention that the testimony of time, mentioned in this verse,refers to the testimony of each era’s extraordinary events, events that indicatethe incomparable power of God.2 In our time we have seen many suchevents. The recent tsunami, which devastated regions in and around theIndian Ocean, is only the latest. Only God could have ushered the awesomepower unleashed by the earthquake that moved the island of Sumatra 100feet, yet left it intact. Only God could have ushered the awesome power tosend a wave of water, whose depth reached from the surface of the water tothe ocean floor, hundreds of miles across the sea at speeds exceeding fivehundred miles an hour. Only God could devise an “early warning system”which told myriad species of animals to flee to the safety of high ground.Only God.Yet many, even some professing faith in Islam, having seen such anawesome display of God’s power, question His wisdom. Why must ourfaith be constantly tested? Why did so many unsuspecting people have toperish? Why were children swept from their mothers’ arms? Why suchwidespread and apparently wanton destruction? Why, once again, areMuslims the majority of those suffering from such calamities? Why? ...
Islam
Authors: Holtzman Livnat 
Published: October 2020

In the epilogue of Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians, Francis EdwardPeters, an expert on medieval Arab thinkers and the author of several comparativeworks on Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, describes what mighthave led him to write the present book: while sitting at his breakfast table,he watched the 9/11 events from his window. “My chief reaction on that terribleday was one of profound sadness […] at the sure knowledge of the hateand misunderstanding that prompted the act … I have spent half of my professionallife trying to explain the hate and unravel the misunderstandingthat pervades religious history” (p. 276).
This book seeks to describe milestones of Islamic history, as well as itscore beliefs and customs, to western readers who are supposedly familiarwith the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament. It is not an academic workper se, since, like his two-volume The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, andMuslims in Conflict and Competition (Princeton University Press: 2003),whose paragraphs on Islam are in fact similar – if not identical – to considerableportions of the present work, it lacks footnotes and a bibliography.The book contains nothing new for those already involved in this field.However, as it is the outcome of his long acquaintance with the Arabicsources and considerable classroom experience, it is extremely valuable andaccessible both for students and interested readers. From this respect, anyoneteaching introductory courses on Islam might benefit tremendouslyfrom Peters’ historical and cultural insights as well as from the didacticmethod employed here ...
Arguing the Just War in Islam
Authors: Rizvi Sajjad H. 
Published: October 2020

Jihad has become a normal English word, a term to describe irrational violence,“holy war,” terrorism, and the generally rather nasty things that “badMuslims do.” John Kelsay, in this wonderfully succinct and accessible work,wants to argue that the real issue in discussing jihad is to make sense of legitimateviolence and how it may be deployed, and hence to locate the discoursewithin an existing discussion about just war theory. I am not generally sympatheticto the use of the comparable frame of just war theory because, as ajuridical and ethical concept it is rather limited, arising as it does out of a particularpolitico-theological context of medieval Catholicism. Having saidthat, any serious attempt to nuance jihad’s meaning in the contemporaryworld, to contextualize the discourse adequately and historically, and to posedifficult questions to those who appropriate it on the basis of a claim towardestablishing justice and acting in a just cause is welcome.
Kelsay is interested in the contemporary debate about the nature ofpolitical ethics among Muslims. His book is not just an attempt to “whitewash”Muslims and their theologies from any culpability in the acts and ideologiesof the likes of al-Qaeda. While he does interrogate the theologicaland juridical reasoning of such terrorists, what he wants to show is not onlytheir distance from historically grounded narratives of jihad, but alsohow their reasoning may be shared. It is indeed foolish to argue that jihadiideology has nothing to do with reasoning about jihad as such; it is counterintuitiveand unhelpful. He also wants to indicate how the language of justwar is mutually supportive between the rhetoric of the “war on terror” andal-Qaeda’s war on the “Zionist-Crusaders” (which is, in theological terms,the subject of a forthcoming book by Alia Brahimi to be published by CambridgeUniversity Press) ...
Hallaq’s Challenge
Authors: Anjum Ovamir 
Published: October 2020

Wael Hallaq, a leading western scholar of Islamic law, throws
down the gauntlet in this daring book, challenging not only Orientalist
distortions of Islam but also turning the tables on modernity,
the ubiquitous and ineluctable paradigm that informs nearly all
thinking, Muslim and non-Muslim, about the Shari‘ah. An Islamic
state is impossible, Hallaq contends, not because the Shari‘ah is
undesirable, but because the modern state is inherently contradictory
to Islam’s metaphysics as well as its historical manifestation
as the Shari‘ah. Today’s economic and environmental cataclysms
make it urgent, he insists, to recover the moral universe of the
Shari‘ah and to do so in conversation with other erstwhile and
growing western critiques of modernity.
After the American Century
Authors: Ebrahimian Mojtaba 
Published: October 2020

Brian T. Edwards’ book boasts of an insightful interdisciplinary approach thatdraws upon his expertise in anthropology, literary and cultural studies, Americanstudies, and Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) studies. His approachand overall argument can benefit both the specialists in these disciplinesand the non-academic audience interested in the MENA region’s contemporarycultural history and connection to the United States’ international cultural politics.Edwards introduces two principal concepts to formulate his arguments:the “ends of circulation” and “jumping publics.” In his view, the former describes“new contexts for American texts” and the latter explicates “the wayculture moves through the world in the digital age” (p. 27).He offers four reasons why the circulation of cultural products “acrossborders and publics” is important to the contemporary American audience.
First, “The U.S. Department of State has invested time and funding in propagatingthe circulation of American culture.” Second, “American media venueshave a continuing interest in this topic, whether in the coverage of theEgyptian revolution or in the popular fascination with books such as ReadingLolita in Tehran (2003) that depict Americans or American culture displacedin the Middle East.” Third, many “popular and influential writers,” including“the developmentalist Daniel Lerner in the 1950s to Thomas Friedman in the1990s and 2000s to media studies journalist Clay Shirky, assume a technocentricor cyberutopian determinism,” and thus consider “access to newtechnologies and media” and “modernization and freedom” inevitably intertwined.And fourth, “In the fields of American literary studies and comparativeliterature, the ways in which the American culture and literature aretaken up around the world puts pressure on the ways of doing things in thosedisciplines” (p. 16) ...
Us Versus Them
Authors: Green Todd 
Published: October 2020

The intersection of Islamophobia and US foreign policy has attracted considerablescholarly attention since 9/11. Landmark books exploring thisconnection include Mahmood Mamdani’s Good Muslim, Bad Muslim:America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terrorism, and Deepa Kumar’s Islamophobiaand the Politics of Empire.
Douglas Little’s Us Versus Them: The United States, Radical Islam, andthe Rise of the Green Threat is not as ambitious as these studies. It does notforge new theoretical ground in our understanding of how Islamophobiais instrumentalized to bolster US foreign policy objectives. But this is notnecessarily a criticism. Little’s purpose is more modest, though his projectno less difficult. He seeks to provide a lively, accessible introduction to USengagement with Muslim extremists since the end of the Cold War and theproblematic paradigms that have shaped this policy. In this task, he succeedsadmirably ...
Índice de masa corporal y flexibilidad lumbar en habitantes de una cooperativa de vivienda, Lima
Authors: Ortega-Borja Luz M. , Rodriguez-Brañez Jessica M. , Santiago-Bazan Cristhian 
Published: October 2020

Objetivo. Relacionar el índice de masa corporal y flexibilidad lumbar en habitantes de una cooperativa de vivienda, Lima.
Material y Métodos. Fue un estudio descriptivo, transversal, correlacional, se tuvo en consideración la participación de 209 habitantes de una cooperativa de vivienda San Juan de Lurigancho Perú, el cual se obtuvo a través de un muestreo probabilístico, se utilizó una ficha de recolección donde su tuvo en consideración datos sociodemográficos y la puntuación del índice de Masa corporal basada en los valores de la Organización Mundial de la salud, para medir la flexibilidad de la columna lumbar el test de Schober.
Resultados. Se evidencio que no existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el índice de masa corporal y la flexión lumbar. Así mismo se observa una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la flexibilidad de la región lumbar (flexión y extensión) relacionada a la edad (p=0,000) y la flexibilidad de la columna en extensión relacionada a la ocupación laboral(p=0,002). Por otro lado, el 50,7% (106) presenta sobrepeso.
Conclusión. La obesidad no solo es un problema de salud pública presente en diferentes edades a nivel mundial el cual no solo afecta al sistema cardiovascular sino también al aparato locomotor. Si bien no se presentó una relación estadísticamente significativa es necesario realizar este tipo de estudio en diferentes poblaciones a futuro.
Roles y valores de la mujer andina
Authors: Lapiedra Aurora 
Published: October 2020

Queremos desde el comienzo plantear el estudio de la mujer andina dentro de las realidades socio-históricas de la comunidad, la familia y el entramado social de la zona; realidades en las que la vida de los Andes se manifiesta y se afirma. Al interior de ellas, el puesto que ocupa la mujer contribuye a afirmar la supervivencia del grupo familiar como base, en función de relaciones sociales de cohesión, sobre las que, al mismo tiempo, se sustenta. Es fácil, en una primera aproximación, percibir el mundo de la mujer como oculto y relegado. En el proceso productivo, las tareas asignadas a ella parecen tener un carácter puramente secundario.
PROBLEMS OF INCLUSION OF TEACHERS OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ORGANIZATIONS IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Authors: Алексеенкова Елена Геннадьевна 
Published: October 2020

Статья посвящена проблемам участия педагогов организаций среднего профессионального образования (СПО) в исследовательской деятельности. Показаны основные затруднения педагогов, возникающие при проведении научно-исследовательской работы. Рассмотрены причины этих трудностей.
The article is devoted to the problems of participation of teachers of secondary vocational education organizations in research activities. The main difficulties of teachers that arise during research work are shown. The reasons for these difficulties are considered.
LEVEL OF SOMATIC HEALTH IN JUNIOR AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS LIVING IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS
Authors: Морякина Светлана Васильевна , Джабраилова Диана Сулимовна , Минкаилова Асет Султановна 
Published: October 2020

Статья посвящена выявлению закономерностей развития организма школьников, проживающих в городской и сельской местности. Было установлено, что уровень соматического здоровья изученного контингента школьников с учетом степени развития основных антропометрических признаков в значительной степени определяется резервными возможностями всех систем органов и достоверно отличается у школьников города и села.
The article is devoted to identifying the patterns of development of the body of schoolchildren living in urban and rural areas. It was found that the level of somatic health of the studied contingent of schoolchildren, taking into account the degree of development of the main anthropometric features, is largely determined by the reserve capabilities of all organ systems and reliably differs among schoolchildren in the city and village.
POETICS OF THE SHORT STORY BY M.R.JAMES «MR. HUMPHREYS AND HIS INHERITANCE»
Authors: Сергеева Алина Александровна 
Published: October 2020

В статье рассмотрены наиболее характерные черты поэтики М.Р. Джеймса, выявлены типичные готические и новаторские авторские приемы. Рассмотрен персонажный ряд, а также раскрыты значения использованных в новелле библейских аллюзий. В заключение делается вывод о метафоричной природе призрака.
The article introduces the more specific poetic features of M.R.James, typical gothic and innovative author’s methods. The characters are examined and also some biblical allusions are revealed. The author makes conclusion about the metaphorical features of the ghost.
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN GORNO-ALTAISK
Authors: Труфанова Раиса Павловна 
Published: October 2020

Оценивали экологическую безопасность образовательных учреждений Горно-Алтайска по критериям удаленность от проездов с регулярным движением автотранспорта, ограждение территории зелеными насаждениями. Установили, что расположение всех рассмотренных школ относительно автомобильных дорог с регулярным движением не соответствует требованиям СанПиН 2.4.2.1178-02, только 50% школ имеют защитные зеленые полосы, отвечающие стандартам.
Evaluated the environmental safety of educational institutions in Gorno-Altaisk by the criteria of distance from driveways with regular traffic, fencing the territory with green spaces. Found that the location of all schools considered relative to highways with regular traffic does not meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02, only 50% of schools have protective green that meet the standards.
Pengembangan Bisnis UMKM Kopi Lelet Melalui Peningkatan Kapabilitas Manajerial dan Kapasitas Produksi di Kabupaten Rembang
Authors: Hersugondo Hersugondo , Yuniawan Ahyar , Idris Idris 
Published: October 2020

Coffee is one drink that is very popular with people in the world. Coffee produced and consumed by the Rembang public is called Kopi Lelet. Lelet coffee is typical Rembang coffee. Lelet coffee is identical to the activity of nglelet with the media of cigarettes and the ink uses lethekan (pulp) lelet coffee. SMEs that produce lelet coffee is Cap Cangkir and Cap Leo Lelet coffee. However, both SMEs have obstacles in developing their business, namely: 1) Limited insight and knowledge about management and entrepreneurship owned by Kopi Lelet SMEs; 2) The production process is still manual, not using a machine so the production results are still limited; 3) Marketing areas are still limited in Rembang Regency and conventional with still simple packaging; 4) Financial management is not good, income is still used for daily needs; and 5) Limited capital owned by partner coffee lelet SMEs, especially for the procurement of production equipment. To overcome these problems, the team undertook the following activities: 1) Conducting entrepreneurship training and business management; 2) Facilitating the procurement of coffee grinding machines and packaging presses; 3) Facilitating the procurement of product packaging with attractive designs; and 4) Business assistance for Kopi Lelet SMEs partner especially recording business transactions. The results of these community service activities are: 1) Lelet coffee partners SMEs can implement good business management; 2) Availability of coffee grinders and packaging presses; 3) Availability of attractive product packaging; and 4) Lelet coffee partner SMEs already has a simple bookkeeping.
Prevalence of raised Alanine Amino transaminase (ALT) in pregnant mothers: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khalid Tabinda , Naqvi Rubaba Abid , Malik Nisar Ahmed , Sarwar Hamna 
Published: October 2020

bjective: To determine the prevalence of raised ALT, common causes, and associated fetomaternal morbidity in pregnant mothers presenting, at cantonment general hospital Rawalpindi
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at cantonment general hospital Rawalpindi from July 2016 till June 2017.
Results: Out of 1924 women, 102 were identified with raised ALT making a prevalence of 5.3%. Sixty-one (59.8%) were booked. The hypertensive group which included severe preeclampsia, chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia/eclampsia were 55(53.9%), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP) 32(31.7%), acute viral hepatitis 9(8.8%), Acute fatty liver of pregnancy(AFLP) 2(1.96%), and unknown cause in 4(3.92%).
Mean ALT levels were 54.1±6.94, 71.28±23.25, 84.22±27.82, 231.5±47.37 respectively. In four cases no definitive cause could be identified with the available tests were labeled as an unknown group, having a mean ALT level of 79.25±10.07. (p=0.01).
Term delivery occurred in 71(69.6%), while 31(30.39%) were preterm. There was one termination of pregnancy. Vaginal birth occurred in 42(42.2%), and 53(51.9%) underwent emergency cesarean. There was one peripartum hysterectomy. Meconium stain of liquor was 19(18.6%). The birth weight of most babies 73(71.5%) was between 2-3 kilograms only three were ≤ 1 kilograms.
Eight cases of postpartum hemorrhage, three maternal deaths, and six perinatal/early neonatal deaths were observed.
Conclusion: Raised ALT in pregnancy leads to increased fetomaternal complications. Severe preeclampsia and obstetric cholestasis were the commonest causes. Women of younger age groups were having acute viral hepatitis. Timely recognition and diagnosis are essential to institute appropriate management strategies.
Assessment of factors responsible for early menopause in Interior Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Chughtai Latafat Ali , Sahito Aliza , Zai Jawaid Ahmed , Mughal Zaibunisa , Warsi Jamshed , Mahar Benazir 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To evaluate the factors leading to the early onset of menopause (<40 years) in the women in the interior of Sindh.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 218 individuals among them 109 were postmenopausal women (with premature menopause) and 109 were normal menstruating females during the period of six months from November 2014 to April 2015, data was obtained from Interior Sindh, Larkana, Hyderabad, and Benazirabad. Factors considered were age, number of children, history of the obstetric process (ovarian and uterine), diseases, and premature menopause history in first-cousin marriages. The questionnaire data and blood samples were collected for hormonal assays such as LH, prolactin, and FSH. The hormone levels were analyzed by ELISA method, SPSS version 17 was used for data analysis.
Results: Out of 109 subjects the percentage of early menopause due to: anorexia nervosa was 17%, brain tumor 7%, ovarian cancer 6%, hormonal disorders 23%, hysterectomy 15%, oophorectomy 5%, Pituitary gland dysfunction 4%, Sheehan Syndrome 24%, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) 8%.
Conclusion: Early menopause was found related to pathological and psychological factors including brain tumor, ovarian cancer, family history, Anorexia nervosa, and certain surgical interventions.
Cognitive disposition to respond in postgraduate trainees of general surgery at Rawalpindi Medical University
Authors: Raza Muhammad Waqas , Zubair Maria , Ahmed Mailk Irfan , Khan Rehan Ahmed 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Cognitive biases leading to diagnostic errors are associate with adverse outcomes and compromise patient safety and contribute to morbidity and mortality. Exploration and identification of cognitive biases have been a difficult task for the clinicians and medical educators. The literature is deficient in the identification of cognitive biases in surgical trainees. The objective of the study was to identify various cognitive biases that may negatively impact clinical reasoning skills and lead to diagnostic errors in trainees of general surgery.
Materials and Methods: A quantitative study was conducted involving 48 trainees of general surgery to explore the various cognitive biases. The questionnaire was devised and consisted of ten items devised to explore five biases. .Descriptive statistical analysis was done on SPSS 20 and the respondents with score >25 were categorized as predisposed to error scores of 20-25 were taken as a borderline and overall score of <25 was insignificant for the presence of cognitive bias.
Results: Premature closure was the most frequent cognitive bias found significant in 34 (70 %) of trainees followed by anchoring bias in 14 (58, 3 %) trainees. The relative frequencies of different biases are shown in Table 2. The mean score of the questionnaire was 22.7 (range 10 to 38) SD 7.2. Ten out of forty-eight (21%) trainees with a mean score of >25 showed a clear inclination toward cognitive errors whereas 11 (22%) with a score in the range of 21 to 25 were categorized as having an equivocal tendency towards committing an error, Whereas 27 (56%) with a score of less than 20 were less prone to cognitive errors.
Conclusion: The two most common errors seen in the study were anchoring bias and premature closure and both are related to information gathering. A larger study is required to explore the association of cognitive bias with different specialties and experience of clinicians.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Hepatic Vein Resistive Index in Detection of Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients of Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Nadeem Sidrah , Wasim Sana , Manzoor Sidrah , Ata Hareem , Raja Riffat , Arooj Sadaf 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: If we could prove the diagnostic accuracy of hepatic vein resistive index in detecting liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease patients, this would be beneficial for the patients as it is a non-invasive, readily available, and cost-effective technique for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. This will help the physicians in the early initiation of definitive management.
Materials and Methods: Seventy-five (n=75) patients with hepatitis B aged between 18-50 years were enrolled. Hepatic vein resistive index and liver biopsy were performed in even-patients. Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, and overall accuracy of the hepatic vein resistive index was calculated.
Results: Average age group studied was 38y ± 8.2 SD. 57.3 % (N=43) were males and 42.7% (n=32) patients were females respectively. Data of this work Exhibits various statistical indicators 77%. 96.7%. 97.2%. 74.3% and 85.3% respectively.
Conclusion: Hepatic vein resistive index measured by ultrasonography can detect liver fibrosis in CLD with overall sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 77.7%. 96.7%. 97.2%. 74.3% and 85.3% respectively.