bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of roots in adaptation of soil-indifferent Proteaceae to calcareous soils in south-western Australia
Authors: Kotula Lukasz , Clode Peta L , Ranathunge Kosala , Lambers Hans 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Very few of the &gt;650 Proteaceae species in south-western Australia cope with the high calcium (Ca) levels in young, calcareous soils (soil indifferent); most are Ca sensitive and occur on nutrient-impoverished, acidic soils (calcifuge). We assessed possible control points for Ca transport across roots of two soil-indifferent (Hakea prostrata and Banksia prionotes) and two calcifuge (H. incrassata and B. menziesii) Proteaceae. Using quantitative X-ray microanalysis, we investigated cell-specific elemental Ca concentrations at two positions behind the apex in relation to development of apoplastic barriers in roots of plants grown in nutrient solution with low or high Ca supply. In H. prostrata, Ca accumulated in outer cortical cells at 20 mm behind the apex, but [Ca] was low in other cell types. In H. incrassata, [Ca] was low in all cells. Accumulation of Ca in roots of H. prostrata corresponded to development of apoplastic barriers in the endodermis. We found similar [Ca] profiles in roots and similar [Ca] in leaves of two contrasting Banksia species. Soil-indifferent Hakea and Banksia species show different strategies to inhabit calcareous soils: H. prostrata intercepts Ca in roots, reducing transport to shoots, whereas B. prionotes allocates Ca to specific leaf cells.
Suboptimal Global Transcriptional Response Increases the Harmful Effects of Loss-of-Function Mutations
Authors: Kovács Károly , Farkas Zoltán , Bajić Djordje , Kalapis Dorottya , Daraba Andreea , Almási Karola , Kintses Bálint , Bódi Zoltán , Notebaart Richard A , Poyatos Juan F , Kemmeren Patrick , Holstege Frank C P , Pál Csaba , Papp Balázs 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe fitness impact of loss-of-function mutations is generally assumed to reflect the loss of specific molecular functions associated with the perturbed gene. Here, we propose that rewiring of the transcriptome upon deleterious gene inactivation is frequently nonspecific and mimics stereotypic responses to external environmental change. Consequently, transcriptional response to gene deletion could be suboptimal and incur an extra fitness cost. Analysis of the transcriptomes of ∼1,500 single-gene deletion Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains supported this scenario. First, most transcriptomic changes are not specific to the deleted gene but are rather triggered by perturbations in functionally diverse genes. Second, gene deletions that alter the expression of dosage-sensitive genes are especially harmful. Third, by elevating the expression level of downregulated genes, we could experimentally mitigate the fitness defect of gene deletions. Our work shows that rewiring of genomic expression upon gene inactivation shapes the harmful effects of mutations.
MoonProt 3.0: an update of the moonlighting proteins database
Authors: Chen Chang , Liu Haipeng , Zabad Shadi , Rivera Nina , Rowin Emily , Hassan Maheen , Gomez De Jesus Stephanie M , Llinás Santos Paola S , Kravchenko Karyna , Mikhova Mariia , Ketterer Sophia , Shen Annabel , Shen Sophia , Navas Erin , Horan Bryan , Raudsepp Jaak , Jeffery Constance 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
MoonProt 3.0 (http://moonlightingproteins.org) is an updated open-access database storing expert-curated annotations for moonlighting proteins. Moonlighting proteins have two or more physiologically relevant distinct biochemical or biophysical functions performed by a single polypeptide chain. Here, we describe an expansion in the database since our previous report in the Database Issue of Nucleic Acids Research in 2018. For this release, the number of proteins annotated has been expanded to over 500 proteins and dozens of protein annotations have been updated with additional information, including more structures in the Protein Data Bank, compared with version 2.0. The new entries include more examples from humans, plants and archaea, more proteins involved in disease and proteins with different combinations of functions. More kinds of information about the proteins and the species in which they have multiple functions has been added, including CATH and SCOP classification of structure, known and predicted disorder, predicted transmembrane helices, type of organism, relationship of the protein to disease, and relationship of organism to cause of disease.
The challenge of early glomerular filtration rate decline in response to antihypertensive treatment and chronic kidney disease outcomes
Authors: Signorini Lorenzo , Zaza Gianluigi , Gambaro Giovanni 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are closely linked pathological processes. Combating high blood pressure (BP) is an essential part of preventing CKD progression and reducing cardiovascular (CV) risk. Data from recent randomized controlled trials on patients at high CV risk showed the beneficial effects of intensive action to meet BP targets on mortality related to CV disease. The impact of meeting such targets on renal function is still unclear, however, particularly for patients with CKD. This issue has been the object of several post hoc analyses because lowering BP definitely has a nephroprotective role, but the early decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) associated with antihypertensive therapies and strict BP targets is still a concern in nephrology clinical practice. The present review discusses the results of studies on this topic, focusing specifically on the clinical significance of early GFR decline in response to treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, or to different BP targets, in terms of renal and CV outcomes, and how this tips the balance towards continuing or discontinuing antihypertensive therapy.
Does the dural resection bed need to be irradiated? Patterns of recurrence and implications for postoperative radiotherapy for temporal lobe gliomas
Authors: Teyateeti Achiraya , Geno Connie S , Stafford Scott S , Mahajan Anita , Yan Elizabeth S , Merrell Kenneth W , Laack Nadia N , Parney Ian F , Brown Paul D , Jethwa Krishan R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Patterns of recurrence and survival with different surgical and radiotherapy (RT) techniques were evaluated to guide RT target volumes for patients with temporal lobe glioma.

Methods and Materials
This retrospective cohort study included patients with World Health Organization grades II to IV temporal lobe glioma treated with either partial (PTL) or complete temporal lobectomy (CTL) followed by RT covering both the parenchymal and dural resection bed (whole-cavity radiotherapy [WCRT]) or the parenchymal resection bed only (partial-cavity radiotherapy [PCRT]). Patterns of recurrence, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.

Results
Fifty-one patients were included and 84.3% of patients had high-grade glioma (HGG). CTL and PTL were performed for 11 (21.6%) and 40 (78.4%) patients, respectively. Median RT dose was 60 Gy (range, 40-76 Gy). There were 82.4% and 17.6% of patients who received WCRT and PCRT, respectively. Median follow-up time was 18.4 months (range, 4-161 months). Forty-six patients (90.2%) experienced disease recurrence, most commonly at the parenchymal resection bed (76.5%). No patients experienced an isolated dural recurrence. The median PFS and OS for the PCRT and WCRT cohorts were 8.6 vs 10.8 months (P = .979) and 19.9 vs 18.6 months (P = .859), respectively. PCRT was associated with a lower RT dose to the brainstem, optic, and ocular structures, hippocampus, and pituitary.

Conclusion
We identified no isolated dural recurrence and similar PFS and OS regardless of postoperative RT volume, whereas PCRT was associated with dose reduction to critical structures. Omission of dural RT may be considered a reasonable alternative approach. Further validation with larger comparative studies is warranted.
Vancomycin Exposure and Acute Kidney Injury Outcome: A Snapshot From the CAMERA2 Study
Authors: Liu Jiajun , Tong Steven Y C , Davis Joshua S , Rhodes Nathaniel J , Scheetz Marc H ,   CAMERA2 Study Group, Anagostou Nick , Andresen David , Archuleta Sophia , Bak Narin , Cass Alan , Chatfield Mark , Cheng Alan , Davies Jane , Davis Joshua , Dishon Yael , Dotel Ravindra , Ferguson Patricia , Foo Hong , Fowler Vance , Ghosh Niladri , Gray Timothy , Guy Stephen , Holmes Natasha , Howden Benjamin , Johnson Sandra , Kalimuddin Shirin , Lye David , McBride Stephen , McKew Genevieve , Meagher Niamh , Nelson Jane , O’Sullivan Matthew , Paterson David , Paul Mical , Price David , Ralph Anna , Roberts Matthew , Robinson Owen , Rogers Ben , Runnegar Naomi , Smith Simon , Sud Archana , Tong Steven , Tramontana Adrian , Van Hal Sebastian , Walls Genevieve , Warner Morgyn , Yahav Dafna , Young Barnaby 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmong patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia from a prospective randomized clinical trial, acute kidney injury (AKI) rates increased with increasing vancomycin exposure, even within the therapeutic range. AKI was independently more common for the (flu)cloxacillin group. Day 2 vancomycin AUC ≥470 mg·h/L was significantly associated with AKI, independent of (flu)cloxacillin receipt.
Two-Dimensional Waves in A Chiral Elastic Chain: Dynamic Green's Matrices and Localised Defect Modes
Authors: Jones I S , Movchan N V , Movchan A B 
Published: November 2020

Summary
This article presents new analytical work on the analysis of waves in chiral elastic chains. The notion of dynamic chirality, well established and explored for electromagnetic waves in magnetised media, is less common for elastic solids. Indeed, it is even less common to observe vector wave problems in an elastic chain. Here, it is shown that the physical system, described by a vector formulation for waves in a chiral chain, can simultaneously support Floquet–Bloch waves in addition to localised waveforms, subject to the appropriate choice of the frequency interval. We construct and analyse dynamic Green’s matrices and identify exponentially localised defect modes, which correspond to spatially confined elliptical motion of nodal inertial elements, around the perturbed cell of the chiral chain. Special attention is given to the case of the dynamic degeneracy. Analytical findings are accompanied by numerical illustrations and examples.
The Perfect Storm: Gene Tree Estimation Error, Incomplete Lineage Sorting, and Ancient Gene Flow Explain the Most Recalcitrant Ancient Angiosperm Clade, Malpighiales
Authors: Cai Liming , Xi Zhenxiang , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Lemmon Alan R , Mast Austin , Buddenhagen Christopher E , Liu Liang , Davis Charles C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The genomic revolution offers renewed hope of resolving rapid radiations in the Tree of Life. The development of the multispecies coalescent model and improved gene tree estimation methods can better accommodate gene tree heterogeneity caused by incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and gene tree estimation error stemming from the short internal branches. However, the relative influence of these factors in species tree inference is not well understood. Using anchored hybrid enrichment, we generated a data set including 423 single-copy loci from 64 taxa representing 39 families to infer the species tree of the flowering plant order Malpighiales. This order includes 9 of the top 10 most unstable nodes in angiosperms, which have been hypothesized to arise from the rapid radiation during the Cretaceous. Here, we show that coalescent-based methods do not resolve the backbone of Malpighiales and concatenation methods yield inconsistent estimations, providing evidence that gene tree heterogeneity is high in this clade. Despite high levels of ILS and gene tree estimation error, our simulations demonstrate that these two factors alone are insufficient to explain the lack of resolution in this order. To explore this further, we examined triplet frequencies among empirical gene trees and discovered some of them deviated significantly from those attributed to ILS and estimation error, suggesting gene flow as an additional and previously unappreciated phenomenon promoting gene tree variation in Malpighiales. Finally, we applied a novel method to quantify the relative contribution of these three primary sources of gene tree heterogeneity and demonstrated that ILS, gene tree estimation error, and gene flow contributed to 10.0$\%$, 34.8$\%$, and 21.4$\%$ of the variation, respectively. Together, our results suggest that a perfect storm of factors likely influence this lack of resolution, and further indicate that recalcitrant phylogenetic relationships like the backbone of Malpighiales may be better represented as phylogenetic networks. Thus, reducing such groups solely to existing models that adhere strictly to bifurcating trees greatly oversimplifies reality, and obscures our ability to more clearly discern the process of evolution. [Coalescent; concatenation; flanking region; hybrid enrichment, introgression; phylogenomics; rapid radiation, triplet frequency.]
GAP IN CAPILLARY PERFUSION AND BURDEN OF TREATMENT IN BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Bae Kunho , Bang Seul-Ki , Kang Se Woong , Kim Eung Suk , Yu Seung-Young 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate correlations between the burden of antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment and microperfusion status in superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus (SCP and DCP) using wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods:
A total 19 eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion were included in this retrospective study. Area of foveal avascular zone, capillary nonperfusion area, vascular density, and perfusion gap were compared between superficial capillary plexus and DCP. Internal areas of 3, 6, and 12 mm in diameter around the fovea were analyzed separately.

Results:
The mean number of injections per months was 0.20 ± 0.12. The number of antivascular endothelial growth factor injections per month showed a significant correlation with perfusion gap in 12 mm area (P = 0.010), but not with perfusion gap in 3-mm or 6-mm area. Correlations were also found between the final best-corrected visual acuity and vascular density in the 12 mm area of DCP (P = 0.031) and foveal avascular zone area (P = 0.033).

Conclusion:
Wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography is very useful for assessing the microperfusion status in branch retinal vein occlusion. In extended field of view (12 mm × 12 mm), a larger perfusion gap was associated with frequent requirements of antivascular endothelial growth factor injections for macular edema. Reduction in vessel density was significantly correlated with poor visual outcome.
Design and Development of an Automated Feedback and Scoring System for Self-directed Learning of Flexible Nasal Endoscopy With an Airway Simulator
Authors: Llorente Marcos , Fernández Secundino 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
The AirSim Multi (TruCorp) airway simulator is used to practice exploration of the upper respiratory tract with a flexible endoscope to assess the nasal cavities, their structures and spaces (inferior, middle, and superior turbinates and meati), and the nasopharynx. The passage of the flexible endoscope through the nose is usually the most annoying and painful maneuver to continue the exploration of the airway to the pharynx and larynx. For this reason, it is important to develop self-assessment training systems in safe environments that allow trainees to develop the necessary skills to carry out this type of assessment with the least inconvenience and the greatest security. Despite this simulator's accurate anatomical reproduction of the tract, its suitability as a tool for endoscope exploration learning is limited without a feedback system. Effective endoscopic exploration should not cause pain or lesions, not only for comfort and safety reasons, but also because only when discomfort is minimized is a complete and detailed exploration of the anatomical structures possible.
The objective of the project was to provide a feedback system from the simulator to the trainee that would facilitate improvements in self-trained skills needed to perform an endoscopic exploration of the airways.

Methods
A device based on the Hall-effect sensor was designed and placed outside the airway in the upper nasal turbinate. This device detects changes in the magnetic flux, indicating a displacement on the nasal turbinate due to endoscopic maneuvers that deform the inside of the simulator and would be expected to be harmful or painful in real life.

Results
The improved AirSim provides audible and visual feedback during exploration to indicate a change on the nasal turbinate due to endoscopic contact with the turbinate surface that would be expected to be harmful or painful in real life. We expect this feature to facilitate self-learning with minimal professional supervision and reduce the overall training time required to successfully perform a complete exploration of the airway.

Conclusions
The inclusion of sensors on a passive simulator is a cost-effective measure that may allow for better training experiences using AirSim Multi simulator from the TruCorp company. Our improved simulator turns endoscopic exploration into a self-assessed exercise suitable for all disciplines and level of learners.
Efficiency of mobile eye camps for providing combined eye and vision care in underserved areas in Uttarakhand
Authors: Wahl Siegfried , Leube Alexander , Dhasmana Renu , Moodbidri Premjeeth , Kumar Vasuki Krishna , Sisodia Nitin , Kuss Joachim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo report eye examinations findings and cost-efficiency of mobile eye and vision care screening in underserved areas in north India. The Aloka Vision Program combines optometrical and ophthalmological screening as mobile eye camps with organized referrals to local eye hospitals. 402 people from urban (N = 191) and rural (N = 211) areas in the district of Uttarakhand, India, were screened for refractive error (RE), visual acuity (VA) and eye health. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA model and odd ratios. Costs were estimated based on the expenses of the camps. 44 % of the participants were male and 56 % were female and the age ranged from 7 to 72 years (urban) and 7 to 80 years (rural). Lack of accessibility of eye care was mentioned by 10% of the urban and 47% of the rural participants, why not attending regular vision test. Mild and severe visual impairment VA < 0.5 logMAR affected every fifth person, independent from the living environment. RE showed a myopic trend for the urban environment (Δ M = 0.67 D, p = 0.11). The risk for blindness was three times higher in rural compared to the urban area, mainly caused by cataract. The major costs are given by the treatments (58 %), followed by mobilization and organization (∼30 %), whereas personal costs are low (∼11%). Combined eye and vision care models reduce costs for separated screening’s organization and thus can increase the effectiveness of eye screening programs significantly.
miR-21 blocks obesity in mice: a potential therapy for humans
Authors: Lhamyani Said , Gentile Adriana-Mariel , Giráldez-Pérez Rosa M. , Feijóo-Cuaresma Mónica , Romero-Zerbo Silvana Yanina , Clemente-Postigo Mercedes , Zayed Hatem , Olivera Wilfredo Oliva , Bermúdez-Silva Francisco Javier , Salas Julián , López Gómez Carlos , Hajji Nabil , Fuster Gabriel Olveira , Tinahones Francisco J. , Bekay Rajaa El 
Published: November 2020

AbstractmicroRNAs are promising drug targets in obesity and metabolic disorders. miR-21 expression is upregulated in obese white adipose tissue (WAT); however, its physiological role in WAT has not been fully explored. We aimed to dissect the underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-21 in treating obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. We demonstrated, in human and mice, that elevated miR-21 expression is associated with metabolically healthy obesity. miR-21 mimic affected the expression of genes associated with adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, it blocked high fat diet-induced weight gain in obese mice, without modifying food intake or physical activity. This was associated with metabolic enhancements, WAT browning and thermogenic programming, and brown AT induction through VEGF-A, p53, and TGFβ1 signaling pathways. Our findings add a novel role of miR-21 in the regulation of obesity and a potential therapy for both obesity and T2D without altering caloric intake and physical activities.
Genetic Underpinnings of Regional Adiposity Distribution in African Americans: Assessments from the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Anwar Mohammad Y. , Raffield Laura M. , Lange Leslie A. , Correa Adolfo , Taylor Kira C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAfrican ancestry individuals with comparable overall anthropometric measures to Europeans have lower abdominal adiposity. To explore genetic underpinning of different adiposity patterns, we investigated if genetic risk scores for well-studied adiposity phenotypes also predict other adiposity measures in 2420 African American individuals from the Jackson Heart Study.MethodsPolygenic risk scores (PRS) for BMI, WHR adjusted for BMI (WHRBMIadj), WCBMIadj, and body fat percentage (BF%) were calculated using GWAS significant variants from mostly European ancestry studies. Associations between each PRS and adiposity measures were examined using multivariable linear regression.ResultsThe BMI-PRS was found to be a positive predictor of BF% (β=0.005 per allele, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.008) and subcutaneous adiposity (β=0.004, CI: 0.002, 0.008). The BF%-PRS was associated with subcutaneous (β=0.022, CI: 0.010, 0.032) but not visceral adiposity; neither BMI nor BF%-PRS were predictors of central obesity measures. Other PRS were not associated with BF%.ConclusionThese analyses suggest: (a) genetically driven increases in BF% strongly associate with subcutaneous but not visceral adiposity; (b) BF% is strongly associated with BMI but not central adiposity associated genetic variants. How these variants may contribute to observed differences in adiposity patterns between African and European ancestry individuals requires further study.