bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between employment status and QOL among foreign origin populations in Finland
Authors: Nyk'nen S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
In Finland the employment rate of people with foreign origin backgrounds appear to be 10% lower than in general population (73.7%). Contradictory, higher levels of self-perceived quality of life (QOL) has been reported among the same population. This secondary data analysis aims to examine the association between level of employment and quality of life from the survey on work and well-being among people of foreign origin in Finland (UTH, 2014).

Methods
People of foreign foreign origin, living in Finland were included in statistical analysis (n = 2,987). Pearson Chi-squared (χ2) and likelihood ratio (LR) testing as well as logistic regression analysis were used to study the association between independent variable 'employment' and the dependent variable of 'quality of life'.

Results
Employment showed increased odds for 'good' QOL. However, when comparing the two gender groups, the odds of having 'good' QOL in employed men were higher (OR: 2.17 CI 2.11 - 2.24) compared to employed women (OR: 1.50 CI 1.45 - 1.53) respectively. When adjusted for sociodemographic and confounding factors, the levels of strength of the association between employment and quality of life remained.

Conclusions
Women with foreign origin backgrounds seem not to have equal benefits of employment and/or equal access to labour markets in Finland. Validation about barriers of entering the labour market in Finland are further needed. Policy implications and actions are needed to improve equal access and benefits of employment for better well-being for women with foreign origin backgrounds.

Key messages
Women with foreign origin backgrounds seem not to have equal benefits of employment and/or equal access to labour markets in Finland. Policy implications and actions are needed to improve equal access and benefits of employment for better well-being for women with foreign origin backgrounds.
Conceptualizing difference: an analysis of physicians’ views on delivering care to asylum seekers
Authors: Jahn R , Biddle L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
International migration leads to an increasingly fluctuating and superdiverse migrant population in reception countries. In Germany, structural, legal, social and political barriers to adequate care complicate the ability of health care professionals to respond to the challenges associated with caring for such a dynamic patient population. In this analysis, we explore the views of physicians working with asylum seekers and refugees in Germany, and aim to identify the barriers and enablers they face in providing appropriate care.

Methods
We performed a secondary qualitative analysis of 16 semi-structured interviews conducted for two studies on the delivery of medical care to asylum seekers in Germany. To examine physicians' views towards their work with asylum seekers, we analysed evaluative judgements on interpersonal and workplace factors, the external environment, the physician's own self, and individual medical conduct. Analysis was conducted by identifying cross-cutting themes through thematic analysis and mapping these onto a framework matrix.

Results
We found that evaluative judgements made by physicians providing care to asylum seekers emphasized one of three conceptualisations of “difference”: regarding personal or cultural attributes of the patient group; the spaces of care provision; or the context of asylum seeking patients. Emphasis on differences of the patient population and the spaces of care provision to asylum seekers was found to impede appropriate care, while physicians emphasizing contextual factors reported more responsive medical practices.

Discussion
Our findings suggest that processes of “othering” asylum seekers as a patient group as well as the heterotopic spaces of care provision endanger the doctor-patient relationship and responsiveness of care. Appropriate training, physical and human resources and encouraging support between physicians working with asylum seeking patients could alleviate these processes.

Key messages
Physicians’ conceptualisations of “difference” in providing care to asylum seekers focus on the patient group, workplace, or structural context; and affect the way in which medical care is provided. Structural competency training, resource investments, and clear structures could reduce physicians’ experiences of “difference” of the patient group and workplace, and facilitate responsive care.
Quality of life assement of riverside communities of Tapajós and Cupari Rivers in Pará
Authors: Espinosa M V , Reis B , de Oliveira A , Bertaglia L , Rodrigues J , França J N , Ferrero M V , Dias L A , Oliveira A M , Moreira A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Riverside population lack basic sanitation infrastructure and access to healthcare. In addition, locals encounter difficulties in accessing basic health care due to climate variability and fluvial activity which results in tidal distortion and attenuation. Quality of life is a broad concept and its measurement should be useful to identify determining and conditioning factors in health-illness process which would be key to the guidance of health public policy measures in a specific community. This study aims at assessing the quality of life of Tapajós and Cupari riverside communities in Pará, Brazil.

Methods
A cross-sectional and descriptive study composed of a group of patients aged 18 and over who have sought care during the volunteer health expedition in the Tapajós and Cupari rivers between mid-July and August 2019. The team of students and professors conducting the survey adopted the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire as a measure of quality of life. The questionnaire consists of 25 questions and 5 domains: physical health, psychological, social relationships, environment, and self-assessment of quality of life. Individual scores vary between 4 and 20. Scores ≤ 10 suggest low quality of life whereas &gt;10 suggest higher quality of life. This statistical analysis was carried out in the SPSS program and was described by means of summary measures: minimum, maximum, median, and standard deviation. Outcomes:The five domains scored &gt;10, with the highest being the psychological domain (16,48, dp = 1,71) and the lowest the environment (14,12 dp = 1,99).

Conclusions
In spite of inherent difficulties generally found in riverside communities, participants reported high perception of quality of life in all domains. The lowest overall perception was the environment domain. This result confirms not only the barriers of physical infrastructure but also access to quality services as a negative health and life determinant.

Key messages
Assessing the quality of life is key to determine which factors influence the health-illness process within a community. Assessing the quality of life is fundamental to guide strategies aimed at intervening in social determinants.
Effectiveness of harm reduction intervention: results of low threshold service centres‘ activity
Authors: Perminiene R , Fatkulina N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Harm reduction programmes are recommended as an effective HIV prevention among injection drug users by the WHO and UN. Monitoring of clients' risky behaviour is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of low threshold centres' (LTCs) activity, which allows assessment of services' effect on the public health.

Aim
Evaluation of effectiveness of LTCs' activity, changing clients' behaviour, during 1997-2019.

Methods
Analysis of LTCs’ documentation during 1997–2019; survey of the anonymous questionnaire carried out in the LTC of Klaipėda Mental Health Centre in 2019 (sample 130 people), comparison of the data with the results of 2001 survey.

Results
during 1997-2019 the average number of one client visits to the centre per year increased from 5 to131. The number of means supplied to clients was increasing: the amount of returned used syringes (83% in 1998, 101% in 2019) was increasing in comparison with the amount of issued sterile means. In 2001 58% of respondents who did not attend the centre would hand over used syringes to others while in 2019, after taking the centre services, the number dropped to 13%. A certain number of clients would accept used syringes until coming to the centres (in 2001 25% did not do this), after visits to the centres in 2019 91% did not use used syringes. Clients more often started using condoms with casual partners (17% in 2001, 84% in 2019). The more often clients attend the centres, the more of them take HIV tests (62% in 2001, 96% in 2019). 58% of respondents in 2001 and 97% of respondents in 2019 expressed a wish to give up drug use.

Conclusions
the activity of the LTCs during 1997-2019 attracted increasing number of drug users. The study demonstrated: activity of LTCs is effective in changing risky behaviour of drug users to a more safe one while injecting drugs and having sexual contacts. Majority of clients have a wish to stop using drugs and the more they attend the LTCs the more realistic possibility to do this they see.

Key messages
Monitoring of clients‘ risky behaviour is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of low threshold centres‘ (LTCs) activity, which allows assessment of services‘ effect on the public health. Activity of LTCs is effective in changing risky behaviour of drug users to a more safe one while injecting drugs and having sexual contacts.
Trend of malaria in Senegal from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Sougou N M , Leye M M M , Bassoum O , Faye A , Diongue M , Seck I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In Senegal, many interventions have been carried out in the fight against malaria. Thus, the prevalence of malaria has clearly declined from 2010 to the present day. The objective of this study is to study the factors associated with malaria.

Methods
Senegal is a country in West Africa. The analyses in this study were based on DHS data from 2010 to 2017 from Senegal. Data from 5 DHS surveys were used (2010-2011, 2012-2013, 2014, 2015, 2016). Malaria prevalence had been studied on the basis of RDT positivity. A multivariate analysis with an adjustment over the years was done. The variables studied were socio-demographic characteristics such as age, socioeconomic level and dwelling place (rural vs. urban), variables related to the type of habitat and the use of mosquito nets. The analyses were done using STATA.15.

Results
The results showed a reduction in malaria prevalence from 3.01% to 0.8% from 2010 to 2016. The protective factors are belonging to a well-off socio-economic background (middle OR:046 [0.24-0.90], richer OR = 0.37 [0.15-0.93]). The other factors associated with malaria are the fact of living in rural area (OR: 1.7 [1.06-2.89]).

Conclusions
Despite the decline in malaria prevalence over the years in Senegal, its persistence could be feared if factors related to the socio-economic level are not addressed.

Key messages
Special attention must be paid to people living in rural areas as part of the fight against malaria. The fight against malaria will necessarily involve the fight for the socio-economic emergence of countries in West Africa.
Impact of health education on preventive therapy with integrated monitoring of Tuberculosis cases
Authors: Zaman F A , Mehta V K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The hilly state of Sikkim has the highest proportion of Tuberculosis (TB) cases in India. Increasing compliance of preventive therapy among paediatric contacts will help to cut down transmission. Separate visits are being made under the current National TB control programme to monitor preventive therapy & treatment of index Tuberculosis cases in the same house. Integrated monitoring for preventive therapy of the contacts & treatment of index cases will ensure compliance of both but at no extra cost.

Methods
It was a prospective study with universal sampling of all the sputum positive TB patients in East Sikkim. Home visits were conducted initially, after 3 months with health education intervention and finally at the end of 6 months. Focus group discussion (FGD) was done amongst the TB home visitors regarding monitoring visits.

Results
Out of the total 124 paediatric contacts, 86 (69.4%) initiated Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT). After 6 months of follow up, 114 (91.9%) children had completed IPT after the health education intervention. In 96.7% of the houses, it was possible to monitor both index cases and the paediatric contacts simultaneously with the same work force. Content analysis of FGD among TB home visitors revealed lack of programme clarity regarding integrated visits for monitoring of both contacts and index cases.

Conclusions
Health education intervention was found to be an effective tool for increasing compliance of IPT. This study had a huge & far-reaching impact in terms of providing the evidence that integrated monitoring for preventive therapy of the contacts along with health education & monitoring of treatment of index cases can be done simultaneously with no extra cost in the ongoing TB Control Programme.

Key messages
Health education intervention increased compliance of IPT. Integrated monitoring for preventive therapy along with health education & monitoring of index cases can be done with no extra cost.
Is the road to good health paved in gold? HIV and mining in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Hansen C , Miraldo M , Hauck K , Ohrnberger J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
This paper measures the impact of HIV prevalence on gold production in Sub-Saharan Africa. Gold mining adds billions of gross value to the African economy, however remains a highly-prevalent industry for HIV. Some of the largest global gold producers in South Africa estimate 30% of their workforce to be HIV-positive. In comparison, the current prevalence rate in the country is 3.7% in working-aged males.

Methods
There is a reverse causality between HIV and mining. HIV exerts a direct causal influence on mining production. The mining industry creates working and living environments which accelerate the spread of HIV. Using 22 years of panel data and an external instrumental variable, overseas development assistance, supported by an Arellano-Bond estimator, we measure the causal impact of HIV on gold mining.

Results
We estimate a 1% increase in HIV leads to a decrease in gold production of 9.866 tonnes, valued at over $402 million, nearly 3% of total African gold production, significant at the 10% level. These results are robust to the findings of the Arellano-Bond estimator, which are significant at the 5% level.

Conclusions
International aid foundations and donors have made great strides in funding for HIV treatment, and it is critical for multinational corporations to take necessary action to protect the progress that has been made so far, promoting health and economic outcomes. Understanding macroeconomic impacts will raise the cost-effectiveness of public health interventions, and increase the associated economic benefits to many individual sectors, as well as overall local and country-wide economies.

Key messages
In addition to saving lives and extending the quality of HIV-positive lives, there are economic gains to be had in investing in the prevention of HIV, as demonstrated in the gold mining industry. HIV-related productivity losses readily extend to a variety of industries across Africa and abroad. Policies that minimise these losses, and maximise health gains, can only be mutually beneficial.
Scientific literature response in Pubmed for the novel Coronavirus outbreak: a literature analysis
Authors: Adorno E , Barbieri E , Baschieri E , Esposito F , Minora F , Sandorfi F , Sanmarchi F , Scrimaglia S , Gori D , Fantini M P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Recent events highlight how emerging and re-emerging pathogens are actually becoming global challenges for public health. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged. This has suddenly turned out into a global health concern which has led to a very high number of papers published in the scientific literature. Aim of this research is to focus on the bibliometric aspects in order to give researchers a glimpse on what is published in the first 30-days of a global epidemic outbreak.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE (PubMed) electronic database in order to find all relevant studies in the first 30-days from the first publication (which appeared on Pubmed at 14/01/2020), meaning the period 15/01/2020-13/02/2020. We used the following search string: coronavirus* OR Pneumonia of Unknown Etiology OR Covid-19 OR nCoV. We placed a language restriction for English, but no publication status or study design limit was put in place for our search.

Results
From the initial 462 identified articles, 234 articles were found as pertinent and read in extenso in order to classify them. The vast majority of papers come from China, UK and USA. 66.2% of the papers were Editorials, comments, letters or other kind of mainly reported data. 10.7% of papers were secondary literature papers (mainly narrative reviews). The remaining 23.1% were original primary studies. Only 17.5% of the sources used data which were directly collected on the field.

Conclusions
Almost all of data came from China. Even if some preferential channels were guaranteed for publishing those results in the most important journals, it appears that the vast majority of publication in scientific literature in the first 30-days of an epidemic outbreak is based more on reported data and comments, and only a small fraction of the papers have primary data collected in the field. Nevertheless the whole international literature depends on that type of data sources in the early days of the epidemic.

Key messages
This is the first bibliometric research in Pubmed Database on the first 30 days of publications regarding the novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak of 2019. The vast majority of publication in the first 30-days of an epidemic outbreak are reported data or comments, and only a small fraction of the papers has directly collected data.
Trend of specific HIV/AIDS mortality in the elderly in the Distrito Federal, Brazil
Authors: Sacco R C C S , Santos K T , Escalda P M F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In the last decade, the number of individuals over 60 years of age with AIDS has increased in Brazil, with the need to know the trend of the mortality of the disease to subsidize educational and preventive actions for service users and health professionals. The objective was to describe the trend of mortality from HIV/AIDS in the elderly in the Federal District (DF), Brazil, from 2007 to 2016.

Methods
Descriptive study, ecological type of time series, from secondary data on mortality obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Linear regression was performed to analyze trends by sex and by age group, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

Results
Deaths were predominant in men (74.1%) aged 60 to 69 years (70.4%). The sex ratio was 2.85. The married / stable union (43.0%) and white (52%) were the majority. There was a significant increase in males, while in females, it was slightly decreasing in the same period. In the age groups of 60-69 years and 70-79 years, there was a tendency to increase in mortality, decreasing for ≥ 80 years.

Conclusions
There was a predominance and an increasing tendency in young male elderly, demonstrating that prevention actions need to achieve greater reach in this population, with the breaking of barriers related to prejudice and the stigma of the disease. A better organization of the care network for the elderly is suggested, enabling approaches to suspected cases and providing early diagnosis, to ensure greater quality survival for the elderly.

Key messages
There was a tendency to increase mortality from HIV / AIDS in elderly men, aged 60-79 years. There is a need to improve educational activities and early diagnosis and timely treatment for this group.
Temporal trend and risk factors for mother-to-child HIV transmission in Southern Brazil, 2007-2017
Authors: Schuelter-Trevisol F , Vaica I , Cunga Armando , Moehlecke Iser B , Bittencourt B , Augusto da Rosa C M , Cremona Parma G , Trevisol D J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
HIV infection affects women of childbearing age, and unplanned pregnancies among those infected are prevalent. This fact increases the potential risk for mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth or postpartum through breastfeeding. The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends anti-HIV testing for all pregnant women. Access to antiretroviral therapy is available through prenatal and maternity care, and breastfeeding is contraindicated. The detection rate of pregnant women living with HIV in Brazil has increased by 23.8% in the last ten years. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of seroconversion of HIV infection in children exposed to mother-to-child transmission and examine associated risk factors for the period 2007-2017 in Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Methods
A historical cohort study was conducted using secondary data related to the notifications of HIV-infected pregnant woman and follow-up of HIV-exposed infants. Odds ratios were used to estimate the risk of infection.

Results
We identified 5,554 HIV-infected pregnant women and 4,559 HIV-exposed infants, 130 of whom had confirmed seroconversion, which corresponds to a rate of 2.9%. Antiretroviral use during pregnancy [OR = 9.31 (5.97-14.52) p &lt; 0.001] and breastfeeding [OR = 3.10 (1.34-7.20) p = 0.008] were found to be independent risk factors for seroconversion. Between 2007 and 2017, there was a 78.3% increase in the number of HIV-infected pregnant women, but the seroconversion rate among infants reduced by 20.4%.

Conclusions
The study concluded that, between 2007 and 2017, the HIV seroconversion rate was 2.9% among live births, with a tendency to decrease. Seroconversion was associated with not using antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and breastfeeding. These data reveal gaps in prenatal care regarding adherence to treatment and follow-up of HIV-infected mothers, resulting in new HIV infections among children that could otherwise be prevented.

Key messages
Vertical transmission of HIV is a public health challenge, which requires strategies for surveillance and quality care. This study may provide relevant information to promote public health policies, with quality care for pregnant women and children living with HIV/AIDS.