bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thirteen-year trends in the prevalence of diabetes according to socioeconomic condition and cardiovascular risk factors in a Swiss population
Authors: de Mestral Carlos , Stringhini Silvia , Guessous Idris , Jornayvaz François R 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionTo estimate the prevalence of and trends in diabetes according to sociodemographic indicators and cardiovascular risk factors in a Swiss population.Research design and methodsAnnual cross-sectional study of adults residing in the state of Geneva. We included 9886 participants (51% women; mean age (SD) of 48.9 (13.4) years). Diagnosed diabetes was self-reported; undiagnosed diabetes was defined as having fasting plasma glucose level of ≥7 mmol/L and no previous diagnosis; total diabetes as the sum of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes. To assess trends, we grouped survey years into three time periods: 2005–2010, 2011–2014, and 2015–2017. To assess inequalities, we constructed the relative index of inequality (RII) and the slope index of inequality (SII) for education, income, and health insurance subsidy (state program based on socioeconomic disadvantage).ResultsIn total, 683 diabetes cases were identified. In 2015–2017, total diabetes prevalence was 11.8% (8.6%–14.9%) among lowest income participants, and 4.7% (3.4%–5.9%) among highest income participants (p<0.01). Similar findings were observed for education. Among participants with full health insurance subsidy, diabetes prevalence was 19.4% (12.1%–26.8%), and 6.1% (5.3%–7.0%) among those without (p<0.01). High diabetes prevalence was observed among participants who were men, older, overweight or obese, hypertensive, and hypercholesterolemic. Among participants with diabetes, 74.0% (63.5%–84.4%) in the lowest income group were diagnosed, compared with 90.2% (81.9%–98.4%) in the highest income group (p=0.04). Over the 13-year period, widening relative and absolute inequalities in total diabetes prevalence were observed for education and income. The education-RII (95% CI) increased from 1.51 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.32) in 2005–2010 to 2.54 (95% CI 1.58 to 4.07) in 2015–2017 (p=0.01), and the education-SII (95% CI) from 0.04 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.08) to 0.08 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.10; p<0.01). The income-RII increased from 2.35 (95% CI 1.44 to 3.84) to 3.91 (95% CI 2.24 to 6.85; p<0.01), and the income-SII from 0.08 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.12) to 0.011 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.14; p=0.01). Inequalities by health insurance subsidy were large (RII 3.56 (95% CI 1.90 to 6.66) and SII 0.10 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.15)) but stable across the study period.ConclusionAmong adults living in Geneva, Switzerland, substantial differences were observed in diabetes prevalence across socioeconomic and cardiovascular risk groups over a 13-year period, and relative and absolute socioeconomic inequalities appeared to have increased.
Efficacy of zinc as adjunctive pneumonia treatment in children aged 2 to 60 months in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brown Nick , Kukka Antti Juhani , Mårtensson Andreas 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundDespite advances in vaccination and case management, pneumonia remains the single largest contributor to early child mortality worldwide. Zinc has immune-enhancing properties, but its role in adjunctive treatment of pneumonia in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is controversial and research still active.MethodsSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of zinc and placebo in pneumonia in children aged 2 to 60 months in LMICs. Databases included MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, SciELO, the WHO portal, Scopus, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov. Inclusion criteria included accepted signs of pneumonia and clear measure of outcome. Risk of bias was independently assessed by two authors. ORs with 95% CI were used for calculating the pooled estimate of dichotomous outcomes including treatment failure and mortality. Time to recovery was expressed as HRs. Sensitivity analyses considering risk of bias and subgroup analyses for pneumonia severity were performed.ResultsWe identified 11 trials published between 2004 and 2019 fulfilling the a priori defined criteria, 7 from South Asia and 3 from Africa and 1 from South America. Proportional treatment failure was comparable in both zinc and placebo groups when analysed for all patients (OR 0.95 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.14)) and only for those with severe pneumonia (OR 0.93 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.14)). No difference was seen in mortality between zinc and placebo groups (OR 0.64 (95% CI 0.31 to 1.31)). Time to recovery from severe pneumonia did not differ between the treatment and control groups for patients with severe pneumonia (HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.14)). Removal of four studies with high risk of bias made no difference to the conclusions.ConclusionThere is no evidence that adjunctive zinc treatment improves recovery from pneumonia in children in LMICs.Trial registration numberCRD42019141602.
An incompletely erupted canine tooth compromising the nasal cavity in a pug presenting with severe brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS)
Authors: Oginska Olivia , Hughes Jonathan , Liu Nai‐Chieh , Ladlow Jane 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYA six‐year‐old male neutered pug presented as an emergency with acute‐onset dyspnoea. The patient was stabilised with a temporary tracheostomy. Further investigations revealed the presence of anatomical malformations commonly encountered in dogs suffering from brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). A CT scan of the patient's head also revealed the root of the right maxillary canine tooth (104) extending into the right nasal cavity. Rhinoscopic examination confirmed partial occlusion of the nasal airway by the presence of the tooth root. The right maxillary canine tooth was extracted, and postremoval rhinoscopy demonstrated an increase in the nasal cavity air‐filled space on the right side. Subsequently, the patient underwent BOAS surgery but was unable to tolerate long‐term removal of the tracheostomy tube postoperatively due to severe laryngeal collapse. A permanent tracheostomy was performed and the patient was discharged showing no signs of respiratory difficulties.
Brain MRI findings in a dog with late onset epileptic seizure after portosystemic shunt attenuation
Authors: Spinillo Simone , Golini Lorenzo , Motta Luca 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYA female Tibetan terrier aged five years and six months presented 23 months after portosystemic shunt attenuation due to generalised tonic–clonic epileptic seizure activity. Repeat MRI of the brain showed symmetrical T2‐weighted hyperintense lesions affecting the cerebral grey matter bilaterally suggestive of cerebral atrophy and polioencephalomalacia. Cerebral atrophy and polioencephalomalacia could develop after successful attenuation of portosystemic shunt surgery.
Vaquitas (Phocoena sinus) continue to die from bycatch not pollutants
Authors: Gulland Frances , Danil Kerri , Bolton Jennie , Ylitalo Gina , Okrucky Roberto Sanchez , Rebolledo Francisco , Alexander-Beloch Christian , Brownell Robert l , Mesnick Sarah , Lefebvre Kathi , Smith Cynthia R , Thomas Peter Owen , Rojas-Bracho Lorenzo 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe vaquita of Mexico is critically endangered, with a population less than 19 individuals in 2018. The population continues to decline and gillnet use continues in vaquita habitat.MethodsNine vaquita carcases were examined from 2016 to 2018 to establish cause of death. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDTs and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in blubber (n=3) were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and faeces tested for domoic acid and saxitoxin.ResultsCarcases were in good nutritional status and had lesions and full stomachs consistent with fisheries bycatch. PCB, DDT and PBDE concentrations ranged between 94 and 180 ng/g, 500 and 1200 ng/g and 97 and 210 ng/g lipid weight, respectively, which are low compared with other marine mammals. No saxitoxin or domoic acid was detected.ConclusionThese findings support the conclusion that bycatch is the primary source of vaquita population decline and emphasise the need for stronger measures to eliminate gillnets from the Upper Gulf of California, Mexico.
Rest frame vacua of massive Klein–Gordon fields on spatially flat FLRW spacetimes
Authors: Cotăescu Ion I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose a method of projecting the quantum states from a state space of a given geometry into another state space generated by a different geometry, taking care of the correct normalization which is crucial in interpreting the quantum theory. Thanks to this method we can define on any spatially flat FLRW spacetime states in which genuine Minkowskian parameters are measured. We use these Minkowskian states for separating the frequencies in the rest frames of the massive scalar particles defining thus the scalar rest frame vacuum. We show that this vacuum is stable on the de Sitter expanding universe where the energy is conserved. In contrast, on a spatially flat FLRW spacetime with a Milne-type scale factor this vacuum is found to be dynamic, corresponding to a time-dependent rest energy interpreted as an effective mass. This dynamic vacuum gives rise to cosmological particle creation which is significant only in the early Milne-type universe considered here. Some interesting features of this new effect are pointed out in a brief analysis.
ΔNp63-Regulated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition State Heterogeneity Confers a Leader–Follower Relationship That Drives Collective Invasion
Authors: Westcott Jill M. , Camacho Sharon , Nasir Apsra , Huysman Molly E. , Rahhal Raneen , Dang Tuyen T. , Riegel Anna T. , Brekken Rolf A. , Pearson Gray W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Defining how interactions between tumor subpopulations contribute to invasion is essential for understanding how tumors metastasize. Here, we find that the heterogeneous expression of the transcription factor ΔNp63 confers distinct proliferative and invasive epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) states in subpopulations that establish a leader–follower relationship to collectively invade. A ΔNp63-high EMT program coupled the ability to proliferate with an IL1α- and miR-205–dependent suppression of cellular protrusions that are required to initiate collective invasion. An alternative ΔNp63-low EMT program conferred cells with the ability to initiate and lead collective invasion. However, this ΔNp63-low EMT state triggered a collateral loss of fitness. Importantly, rare growth-suppressed ΔNp63-low EMT cells influenced tumor progression by leading the invasion of proliferative ΔNp63-high EMT cells in heterogeneous primary tumors. Thus, heterogeneous activation of distinct EMT programs promotes a mode of collective invasion that overcomes cell intrinsic phenotypic deficiencies to induce the dissemination of proliferative tumor cells.

Significance:
These findings reveal how an interaction between cells in different EMT states confers properties that are not induced by either EMT program alone.
Auditory cues assist patients with Parkinson’s disease (on and off L-dopa) during obstacle crossing
Authors: Rinaldi Natalia Madalena , Pereira Marcelo Pinto , Formaggio Priscila Matias , Morais Luana Carolina , Gobbi Lilian Teresa Bucken 
Published: July 2020

People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have an impaired locomotor pattern. As a result, the capacity of walking independently and the interaction with the environment can be impairment. Uneven environments can challenge even more the motor control of these patients to perform the locomotor tasks successfully. Besides of the levodopa therapy, the auditory cues have also been utilized to improve the gait parameters. However, the effects of auditory cues in gait during obstacle avoidance and the association with the levodopa effects are not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AC during obstacle crossing in people with PD (on and off L-dopa) and in healthy control participants.A total of 30 individuals participated in the study, including 15 PD patients who were tested both on and off L-dopa and 15 healthy adult controls. The task consisted of stepping over an obstacle located in the middle of the path under two conditions, i.e., cued and non-cued. We used kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic analyses to evaluate individuals' locomotor patterns. Groups differed signifi cantly from each other for all analyses and PD patients differed signifi cantly from all other groups when off L-dopa. ACs improved the motor control mechanisms used for obstacle crossing in people with PD. These results support the notion that external AC therapy may be used as a complement to drug therapy tohelp improve locomotion in PD patients, even on complex tasks such as obstacle crossing.
RIQUEZA, IMAGEM E EXPECTATIVA NA FILOSOFIA DE THOMAS HOBBES
Authors: Lazzarotto Álvaro 
Published: July 2020

Para elaborar sua filosofia civil, Thomas Hobbes preliminarmente se dedicou ao exame daquilo que constitui a república: o homem. Em sua análise da dinâmica afetivo-cognitiva humana, tecida a partir dos conceitos de sensação, imagem, linguagem e paixão, o conceito de imaginação é apresentado como um resíduo da experiência sensível no corpo. Como tal, uma imagem estará sujeita a se eclipsar sob a luz de imagens mais fortes ou mais recentes, que podem apagá-la da mente tomando o seu lugar. O ato ou faculdade de imaginar, a imaginação — para Hobbes “sensação em declínio” —, é memória, que exprime no presente a sensação passada.
Lançada ao futuro, a imagem mantém-se na expressão do medo ou da esperança, paixões que impelem aos homens serem credores de certo esquema de poder. A imaginação dá a forma da expectativa, que projeta passado e presente ao futuro, como uma profecia autorrealizável, garantido a estabilidade do poder e da riqueza.
Long-Term Outcome After Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Okubo Kenji , Gigli Lorenzo , Trevisi Nicola , Foppoli Luca , Radinovic Andrea , Bisceglia Caterina , Frontera Antonio , D’Angelo Giuseppe , Cireddu Manuela , Paglino Gabriele , Mazzone Patrizio , Della Bella Paolo 
Published: July 2020

Background:
In patients with an ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), the combination of late potential (LP) abolition and postprocedural ventricular tachycardia (VT) noninducibility is known to be the desirable end point for a successful long-term outcome after VT ablation. We investigated whether LP abolition and VT noninducibilty have a similar impact on the outcomes of patients with non-ICMs (NICM) undergoing VT ablation.

Methods:
A total of 403 patients with NICM (523 procedures) who underwent a VT ablation from 2010 to 2016 were included. The procedure end points were the LP abolition (if the LPs were absent, other ablation strategies were undertaken) and the VT noninducibilty.

Results:

The underlying structural heart disease consisted of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, 49%), arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD, 17%), postmyocarditis (14%), valvular heart disease (8%), congenital heart disease (2%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2%), and others (5%). The epicardial access was performed in 57% of the patients. At baseline, the LPs were present in 60% of the patients and a VT was either inducible or sustained/incessant in 85% of the cases. At the end of the procedure, the LP abolition was achieved in 79% of the cases and VT noninducibility in 80%. After a multivariable analysis, the combination of LP abolition and VT noninducibilty was independently associated with free survival from VT (hazard ratio, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.29–0.69],
P
=0.0002) and cardiac death (hazard ratio, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.18–0.74],
P
=0.005). The benefit of the LP abolition on preventing the VT recurrence in patients with ARVD and postmyocarditis appeared superior to that observed for those with DCM.

Conclusions:
In patients with NICM undergoing VT ablation, the strategy of LP abolition and VT noninducibilty were associated with better outcomes in terms of long-term VT recurrences and cardiac survival.

Graphic Abstract:

A
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
A new genus and species of pigeon (Aves, Columbidae) from the Kingdom of Tonga, with an evaluation of hindlimb osteology of columbids from Oceania
Authors: STEADMAN DAVID W. , TAKANO OONA M. 
Published: July 2020

The region from New Guinea through Oceania sustains the world’s most diverse set of columbids. We describe osteological characters of the hindlimb (femur, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus) that divide the Papuan-Oceanic pigeons and doves into three groups based on functional morphology: “arboreal” (Hemiphaga, Ducula, Ptilinopus, Drepanoptila, Gymnophaps), “intermediate” (Columba, Macropygia, Reinwardtoena), and “terrestrial” (Gallicolumba [includes Alopecoenas], Trugon, Microgoura, Goura, Chalcophaps, Geopelia, Henicophaps, Caloenas, Didunculus, Otidiphaps). The arboreal and terrestrial groups are each distinctive osteologically, especially in the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus, which are short relative to the femur in the arboreal group, and long relative to the femur in the terrestrial group. The intermediate pigeons are more similar to arboreal than to terrestrial pigeons, but nonetheless fit in neither group. To estimate the phylogenetic relationships among or within these three groups is somewhat tentative using hindlimb osteology alone, although all five genera of arboreal pigeons have independent molecular evidence of relatedness, as do most of the genera of terrestrial pigeons. Using the hindlimb and other osteological data as a framework, we describe a new extinct genus and species of pigeon, Tongoenas burleyi, from Holocene archaeological and Pleistocene paleontological sites on six islands (Foa, Lifuka, `Uiha, Ha`afeva, Tongatapu, and `Eua) in the Kingdom of Tonga. Tongoenas was a large-sized member of the “arboreal” pigeon group, with osteological characters that relate it to Ducula, Gymnophaps, and Hemiphaga (generally canopy frugivores) rather than with the “terrestrial” pigeons (more ground-dwelling and granivorous) such as Gallicolumba, Trugon, Microgoura, Goura, etc. (others listed above). Among volant columbids, living or extinct, only the species of Goura (from New Guinea) are larger than Tongoenas. From most of the same prehistoric sites, we also report new material of the nearly as large, extinct pigeon Ducula shutleri Worthy & Burley, recently described from islands in the Vava`u Group of Tonga. Thus, D. shutleri also was widespread in Tonga before human impact. The prehistoric anthropogenic loss in Tonga of Tongoenas burleyi, Ducula shutleri, and other columbids undoubtedly had a negative impact on the dispersal regimes of Tongan forest trees. At first human contact about 2850 years ago, at least nine species of columbids in six genera inhabited the Tongan islands, where only four species in three genera exist today.
Gastrointestinal nematodes of freshwater fish from Pilcomayo River, Argentina, including description of a new species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus)
Authors: RAMALLO GERALDINE , CANCINO FABIANA , RUIZ ANA LÍA , AILÁN-CHOKE LORENA GISELA 
Published: July 2020

Helminthological examination of viscera of six freshwater fish species, collected from Misión la Paz, Pilcomayo River, Province of Salta, Argentina, revealed the presence of five species of parasitic nematodes belonging to the Camallanidae, Cystidicolidae, Cucullanidae and Anisakidae The material also contained one unknown species, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) tomsici sp. nov. collected from Pimelodus albicans, Pygocentrus nattereri and Hoplias misionera. This species is distinguished from its congeners all over de world by possessing six pores distinctly surrounding the mouth aperture, a buccal capsule with 3–4 spiral thickenings complete, females possessing a lateral cuticular ornamentation along the body, and two pairs of preanal and three pairs of postanal papillae in males. The findings represent new hosts and geographical records.
Telemedicine in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review of Image Quality, Diagnostic Concordance, and Patient and Provider Satisfaction
Authors: Ning Anne Y. , Cabrera Claudia I. , D’Anza Brian 
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Telemedicine allows for the remote delivery of patient care and has been found to have a wide range of uses in otolaryngology. In order to achieve best practices in telemedicine, a platform must be effective and both patients and providers must be satisfied with the use of technology. As telemedicine becomes more widely used in otolaryngology clinics, particularly in the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to assess its applicability in this field. The goal of this study was to evaluate existing literature on telemedicine and assess overall image quality, diagnostic concordance, and patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine technologies. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on PubMed and MEDLINE according to the PRISMA 2009 guidelines for articles from 1982 to 2019 relating to telemedicine in otolaryngology. English language studies with primary or secondary endpoints pertaining to image quality, diagnostic concordance, or patient or provider satisfaction were included. Descriptive studies, editorials, and literature reviews were excluded. Results: A total of 32 studies were included in our review. Studies assessing imaging quality and diagnostic concordance reported adequate results but with some heterogeneity. Patient and provider satisfaction were consistently high. Conclusions: The literature supports telemedicine delivery of otorhinolaryngologic care as having achieved high rates of patient and provider satisfaction with adequate image quality and heterogeneity in diagnostic concordance. Variability in diagnostic accuracy was reported, but appears improved given proper clinical context. More standardized studies are needed specific to telemedicine in the field of otolaryngology.
Mobile Applications in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review of the Literature, Apple App Store and the Google Play Store
Authors: Trecca Eleonora M. C. , Lonigro Antonio , Gelardi Matteo , Kim Brandon , Cassano Michele 
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Although the last few years have seen an increased number of smartphone applications (apps) disseminated in the field of Otolaryngology (ORL), these apps vary widely in quality. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to systematically review ORL apps directed towards patients in mobile app stores and the current literature. Methods: The Google Play Store, Apple App Store and PubMed were searched for ORL apps for patients using various keywords pertaining to different ORL subspecialties. Apps not relevant to the scope of this research and/or duplicates, educational apps, apps promoting a business, apps requiring specific separate hardware, and apps in non-English were excluded. In PubMed, keywords pertaining to the subspecialties were combined with “mobile app” in a search query; literature reviews, editorials, case reports, conference papers, duplicate articles, and articles irrelevant to ORL apps were excluded. The quality of apps with the highest number of reviews was assessed using the “Mobile App Rating Scale” (MARS), while the quality of the articles was rated using “The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology” (STROBE) Statement. Results: After searching the app stores, 1074 apps were included and grouped according to their ORL subspecialties. The overall MARS score of the ten most popular apps in each category was 3.65 out of 5. A total of 636 articles were identified in the literature, and 193 were included. The mean adherence percentage of the articles to the STROBE checklist was of 84.37%. Conclusions: Although the apps currently available need further development, their application in ORL appears promising. Further dialogue between physicians and patients, as well as formal support from professional and scientific associations, should be encouraged.