bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is wrong between ecological science and policy?
Authors: Chassé Pierre , Blatrix Cécile , Frascaria‐Lacoste Nathalie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEcological research is highlighting different kinds of issues concerning biodiversity conservation policies. Based on a historical study on protected areas, we suggest that these issues are not caused by a lack of knowledge or technical tools but rather by a misuse of ecological knowledge during the implementation of policy instruments in part driven by a lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying the policymaking process. We believe that determining the conditions under which ecological science can enlighten policy decisions is now necessary to address current biodiversity conservation issues. This can only be achieved through the promotion of interdisciplinary research.
Enhancing the communication of functional neurological disorder diagnosis: a multidisciplinary education session
Authors: Cope S. R. , Smith J. G. , Edwards M. J. , Holt K. , Agrawal N. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeFunctional neurological disorder (FND) is a common diagnosis within neurology. Effective communication of the diagnosis is known to be an important part of treatment and can result in reduction or cessation of symptoms, as well as decreased healthcare utilisation. A single group education session, facilitated by professionals commonly involved in the care of patients with FND, was developed to further enhance patients' and relatives' understanding and acceptance of diagnosis.MethodsPatients and relatives attending a single education session were asked to complete self‐report ratings of understanding of diagnosis, acceptance of diagnosis, belief in treatability and hopefulness regarding recovery, at the beginning and end of the session. Satisfaction data were also collected.ResultsData were obtained from 193 patients and 153 relatives. Patients had experienced a median duration of symptoms of 4 years, and more than 80% of patients reported more than one functional neurological symptom. There were significant increases in terms of understanding, acceptance, belief in treatability and hopefulness for patients and relatives. Effect sizes ranged from large for improved understanding of FND to small‐to‐medium for increased agreement with FND diagnosis. High levels of satisfaction were also reported.ConclusionsA multidisciplinary, single group education session is an effective and acceptable method of increasing understanding and acceptance of an FND diagnosis, even for patients with a long duration of symptoms and high symptom burden. It could help improve readiness for further treatment.
Active immunisation against GnRH as treatment for unilateral granulosa theca cell tumour in mares
Authors: Behrendt Daphne , Burger Dominik , Gremmes Steffen , Szunyog Katja , Röthemeier Selena , Sieme Harald 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundStallion‐like or aggressive behaviour in mares affected by unilateral granulosa theca cell tumour (GTCT) is well‐known, but use of a GnRH‐vaccine as an alternative to surgical removal of the neoplastic ovary has not been investigated.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of immunisation against GnRH on ovarian size, testosterone concentration, Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentration, and owner‐reported behaviour in four mares affected by unilateral GTCT.Study designRetrospective case report.MethodsA presumptive diagnosis of GTCT was made in four mares based on clinical signs, behavioural changes, transrectal palpation, and ultrasonography. All mares were vaccinated twice with the GnRH‐vaccine Improvac® on day 0 and on day 13‐33. Further booster vaccinations were administered if aggressive behaviour recurred between days 15 and 498. Before and parallel to the vaccinations, serum levels of oestradiol, progesterone (P4), testosterone, and AMH were evaluated and transrectal ultrasonography was performed.ResultsIn all horses, analysis of serum levels of oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and AMH confirmed the clinical diagnosis of GTCT. Serum levels of testosterone dropped to baseline levels following the first two of three vaccination in all mares. In addition, AMH serum values decreased shortly after the second vaccination in three of four mares, and in one of the four mares returned to baseline levels. No further GTCT linked behaviour was reported by the owners and the affected ovaries diminished in size in all four cases.Main limitationsThis report is a case series with a limited number of animals, no controls and no standardised immunisation protocol.ConclusionsRepeated vaccinations with the GnRH‐vaccine Improvac® mitigated owner‐reported behavioural abnormalities and stopped tumour growth in four mares affected by unilateral GTCT over the entire observation period which extends to 7 years in one mare.
Acute interstitial pneumonia in foals: A severe, multifactorial syndrome with lung tissue recovery in surviving foals
Authors: Punsmann Sophia , Hoppe Judith , Klopfleisch Robert , Venner Monica 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute interstitial pneumonia in foals has been sparsely described in literature, and the individual authors disagree on the underlying aetiology. Histopathological follow‐up from surviving foals is not available.ObjectivesDescription of clinical and histopathological findings in the course of acute interstitial pneumonia and in recovery. Investigating the aetiology and possible triggering factors of acute interstitial pneumonia.Study designCase series.MethodsPost‐mortem examination of nine affected foals; seven died during the acute phase, and two had recovered from acute interstitial pneumonia. Data from clinical examinations on the day of death were recorded for all foals. Complete necropsy, special histological staining, virological and microbiological examinations were performed.ResultsSeven foals died during the acute phase with severe respiratory distress, fever and increased numbers of comet tail artefacts in lung ultrasound. In post‐mortem examination, a wide variety of possible triggering factors was identified. Microbiology revealedEscherichia coli, Rhodococcus equiandKlebsiella pneumoniaeas the most common bacterial pathogens.Equine herpesvirus 2was detected in all foals by PCR. Those with high viral loads also displayed histopathological changes suggestive of viral infections.Pneumocystis cariniiwas detected in all acutely affected foals. Histopathological changes in lung parenchyma clearly differed between the foals that had recovered from acute interstitial pneumonia and those dying in the acute phase. While lungs in acute phase featured marked parenchymal collapse and necrosis, the recovered foals revealed nearly normal ventilated lung parenchyma and alveolar structure.Main limitationsSmall number of cases. Because all foals are from the same breeding farm with endemic occurrence of pathogens, it is not certain whether the results of this study can be transferred to other foals without restrictions.ConclusionsAcute interstitial pneumonia seems to be based on a multifactorial aetiology. Lungs from foals that have survived acute interstitial pneumonia appear to be able to regenerate completely, leaving no permanent changes.
The validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Summated Xerostomia Inventory
Authors: Wimardhani Yuniardini Septorini , Rahmayanti Febrina , Maharani Diah Ayu , Mayanti Wiwik , Thomson William Murray 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo validate and determine the reliability of the Indonesian version of the Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXI‐ID) questionnaire.BackgroundXerostomia is a common problem in older people, and the SXI is increasingly being used to measure it.Materials and methodsThe SXI questionnaire was cross‐culturally adapted to create an Indonesian version (SXI‐ID), which was assessed for validity and reliability in a cross‐sectional study of older adults living in nursing homes in Jakarta, Indonesia. Each participant signed an informed consent and was interviewed with the SXI‐ID. A subset of participants was interviewed again after two weeks. A standard question was used to check criterion‐related validity, by plotting the mean SXI‐ID scale scores against the ordinal response categories of the standard question. The reliability check included Cronbach's alpha, total and inter‐item correlation, and intraclass correlation for internal consistency, along with test‐retest reliability.ResultsA total of 110 older adults participated. Cronbach's alpha value for the SXI‐ID was .85, and the intraclass correlation coefficient value for test and retest in 15 participants was .9. The SXI‐ID total score showed a strong positive correlation (.87) with the global question. There was a consistent ascending gradient in mean SXI‐ID scores across the ordinal response categories of the global item.ConclusionThe SXI‐ID is psychometrically valid and reliable for measuring xerostomia in the Indonesian population.
Duodenal microbiome in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Suárez‐Jaramillo Andrés , Baldeón Manuel E. , Prado Belén , Fornasini Marco , Cohen Henry , Flores Nancy , Salvador Iván , Cargua Oswaldo , Realpe José , Cárdenas Paul A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal microbiota are recognized as an organ with important physiological functions whose alterations have been associated with common diseases including inflammatory intestinal conditions, malnutrition, type‐2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The composition and function of the microbiota in the distal part of the intestine has been mainly described, while there is limited information on the small intestine microbiota. The objective of the present study was to describe the duodenal microbiome in individuals with dyspepsia in the presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection.Materials and MethodsThirty‐eight biopsies from the proximal duodenum of uninfected and 37 from H pylori‐infected individuals were analyzed. Microbiota composition was assessed by PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS genes; sequences were analyzed with QIIME2.Results and ConclusionsAt the phyla level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria were predominant in the mucosal associated duodenal microbiota (MAM); at the genera level, we observed the predominance of Ralstonia, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus, Herbaspirillum, Neisseria, and Veillonella. Microbiota α‐diversity was higher in H pylori‐infected individuals than in non‐infected ones. In terms of β‐diversity metrics, there was a statistically significant difference between groups. Also, relative abundance of Haemophilus, Neisseria, Prevotella pallens, Prevotella 7, and Streptococcus was greater in H pylori‐infected patients. In infected patients, several types of H pylori were present in duodenal MAM. Finally, the majority of duodenal samples had fungi sequences; the most common taxa observed were Recurvomyces followed by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.
Bone mineral density, kidney function, weight gain and insulin resistance in women who switch from TDF/FTC/NNRTI to ABC/3TC/DTG
Authors: Ibrahim F , Samarawickrama A , Hamzah L , Vincent R , Gilleece Y , Waters L , Kegg S , Barbini B , Campbell L , Post FA ,   the BESTT Trial Team
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD). We evaluated changes in BMD in women who switched from TDF, emtricitabine and a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (TDF/FTC/NNRTI) to abacavir, lamivudine and dolutegravir (ABC/3TC/DTG).MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial in which women aged ≥40 years were randomized 1:2 to continue TDF/FTC/NNRTI or switch to ABC/3TC/DTG. The primary endpoint was change in total hip BMD measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry at week 48. Secondary endpoints were changes in BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck and markers of bone turnover and kidney function up to week 48. We conducted exploratory analyses of weight gain, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Primary and secondary endpoints were analysed by linear regression, with multiple imputation for missing time points.ResultsIn all, 91 women [mean age = 50.4 (standard deviation [SD] = 6.6) years, median CD4 cell count = 600 (interquartile range: 479–800) cells/µL] were randomized. Women who switched to ABC/3TC/DTG maintained viral suppression and experienced improvements in total hip BMD (mean adjusted difference = 1%, P = 0.027) and lumbar spine BMD (3%, P = 0.002), with no change in specific markers of bone turnover or renal tubular function. Although participants in the ABC/3TC/DTG arm gained more weight (1.8 kg, P = 0.046), the switch strategy was not associated with reduced insulin sensitivity or new‐onset metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsSwitching from TDF/FTC/NNRTI to ABC/3TC/DTG resulted in improved BMD. Although weight gain was common in women who switched from TDF/FTC/NNRTI to ABC/3TC/DTG, we did not detect adverse effects on glucose homeostasis. Larger studies need to confirm these findings.
Geochemical characteristics of mafic and felsic igneous rocks (1.9–1.75 Ga) in the Lesser Himalaya: Regional variation and its implications for tectonic setting
Authors: Shinjo Ryuichi , Amuro Tomoki , Oura Kohei , Oshiro Kazuya , Tahara Shiro , Sakai Harutaka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMajor and trace element and Nd–Hf isotopic compositions of Paleoproterozoic meta‐igneous rocks from the lower part of the Lesser Himalayan sequence provide insights into the nature of their source mantle and its tectonic setting. We observed bimodal (basaltic and rhyolitic) magmatic compositions in these rocks; this type of volcanism generally occurs in areas of extensional tectonics, particularly rifts. Two types of mafic rocks are identified: within‐plate type (subduction‐unrelated, enriched mantle derived) rocks and Nb–Ta‐depleted, continental arc‐like rocks. Within‐plate type mafic rocks are dominant in the eastern Nepal, though similar rocks are also found in western Nepal. Although models for the tectonic setting of these igneous rocks remain controversial (e.g. passive margin, continental arc, continental rift with possible hotspot), our new geochemical data support the rift model associated with mantle plume activity, which evolved to a passive margin. The Nb–Ta‐depleted, arc‐like rocks have lower εNd (t) (−1.7 to 1.7) and εHf (t) (0.9–4.4) than within‐plate type rocks; we consider that these rocks are formed from the interaction of mantle‐derived magmas with crustal components. All felsic rocks have similar or slightly lower εNd (t) (−5.2 to −0.1) and εHf (t) (−6.5 to 2.7) values relative to arc‐like mafic rocks, suggesting relatively limited crustal interaction. They may be derived from juvenile crust of underplated mafic magmas. Most of the felsic rocks have remarkably low Nb/Ta ratios (< 5), suggesting modification on their chemical composition by intensive sub‐solidus magmatic‐hydrothermal alteration.
Ni‐Cu‐Zn ferrites with high Curie temperature for multilayer inductors with increased operating temperatures
Authors: Reimann Timmy , Capraro Beate , Bartsch Heike , Töpfer Jörg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe studied the sintering behavior and magnetic properties of Ni0.60‐yCuyZn0.42Fe1.98O3.99 ferrites. The shrinkage is shifted toward lower temperature with increasing Cu content y. The addition of Bi2O3 sintering aid induces enhanced shrinkage at T < 900°C and dense ceramics are obtained after sintering at 900°C. Such ferrites exhibit a permeability of µ = 135‐250 depending on the composition, sintering temperature and concentration of sintering additive. Ferrites with y = 0.20 show a high Curie temperature of Tc = 307°C. Multilayer inductors were fabricated and cofired at 900°C using ferrite tapes without and with 0.75 wt% Bi2O3. The compatibility of ferrite tapes with different metal pastes (Ag, AgPd, and Au) was evaluated. Ferrite tapes were also integrated between layers of low‐k dielectric CT708 tapes and successfully cofired at 900°C. Preliminary tests indicate that the multilayer inductors can be operated up to temperatures of 250°C. This demonstrates that high‐Tc Ni‐Cu‐Zn ferrites are promising magnetic materials for inductive components for high operating temperatures.
Preclinical models for studying immune responses to traumatic injury
Authors: Skelton Jessica Katy , Purcell Robert 
Published: September 2020

SummaryTraumatic injury initiates a large and complex immune response in the minutes after the initial insult, comprising of simultaneous pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses. In patients that survive the initial injury, these immune responses are believed to contribute towards complications such as the development of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. These post‐traumatic complications affect a significant proportion of patients and are a major contributing factor for poor outcomes and an increased burden on healthcare systems. Therefore, understanding the immune responses to trauma is crucial for improving patient outcomes through the development of novel therapeutics and refining resuscitation strategies. In order to do this, preclinical animal models must mimic human immune responses as much as possible, and as such, we need to understand the constraints of each species in the context of trauma. A number of species have been used in this field; however, these models are limited by their genetic background and their capacity for recapitulating human immune function. This review provides a brief overview of the immune response in critically injured human patients and discusses the most commonly used species for modelling trauma, focusing on how their immune response to serious injury and haemorrhage compares to that of humans.
The relationships between nurses’ work environments and emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and intent to leave among nurses in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Amal A. , Dahinten V. Susan , MacPhee Maura 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine relationships between components of nurses’ work environments and emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and intent to leave among nurses in Saudi Arabia.DesignA descriptive correlational study with cross‐sectional data.MethodsData were collected in 2017 from 497 Registered Nurses working in a large tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed an online survey like that used in RN4Cast studies to measure nurses’ perceptions of their work environments and nurse outcomes. Hierarchical linear regression and logistic regression were conducted to examine the relationships between components of nurses’ work environments and nurse outcomes after controlling for nurse and patient characteristics.ResultsNurse participation in hospital affairs was uniquely associated with all three nurse outcomes, whereas staffing and resource adequacy was associated with emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction, but not intent to leave. These two variables were also the components of the nursing practice environment that received the lowest ratings. Nurse manager ability, leadership and support of nurses, and nurse–physician relationships were associated with job satisfaction only. A nursing foundation for quality of care was not uniquely associated with any of the three outcomes. Finally, nurse emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between nurse participation in hospital affairs and intent to leave.ConclusionMagnet‐like work environments in Saudi Arabia are critical to recruiting and retaining nurses in a country with critical nursing shortages.ImpactThis study addresses a gap in the literature regarding which components of the nurses’ work environment are uniquely associated with emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and intent to leave among nurses in Saudi Arabia. Study results will assist Saudi hospital administrators and nurse leaders to develop recruitment and retention strategies by focusing on those work environment components most associated with nurse outcomes: participation in hospital affairs and staffing and resource adequacy.
Pseudogene AKR1B10P1 enhances tumorigenicity and regulates epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma via stabilizing SOX4
Authors: Hao Fengjie , Fei Xiaochun , Ren Xinping , Xi Xiao Joanna , Chen Yongjun , Wang Junqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPseudogenes exert potential functions in tumorigenicity and tumour process in human beings. In our previous research on oncogene AKR1B10 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its pseudogene, AKR1B10P1, was preliminarily noticed being anomalistic transcribed, whereas whether AKR1B10P1 plays any specific function in HCC is poorly understood. By using shRNA transfection and lentiviral infection, we regulated the expression of ARK1B10P1 transcript and the relative targets in two ways. As we discovered, pathological transcription of AKR1B10P1 in HCC cells significantly promotes cell growth and motility either in vitro or in vivo. AKR1B10P1 was correlated with relatively dismal features of HCC. The epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) was enhanced by up‐regulating AKR1B10P1. And, a potential sequence of AKR1B10P1 transcript was discovered directly interacting with miR‐138. SOX4, a pivotal promotor of EMT, was validated as the down‐streaming target of miR‐138. Mechanistically, degradation of SOX4 mRNA induced by miR‐138 was effectively abrogated by AKR1B10P1. In conclusion, pseudogene AKR1B10P1 exerts stabilizing effect on SOX4 in HCC, associated EMT process, by directly sponging miR‐138, which post‐transcriptionally modulates SOX4’s regulating gene.
The risk of anti‐osteoporotic agent‐induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions and their association with HLA
Authors: Chen C.‐B. , Chen Y.‐E. , Chu M.‐T. , Wang C.‐W. , Hui R. C.‐Y. , Lu C.‐W. , Hsiao Y.‐P. , Chu C.‐Y. , Chang M.M. , Cheung C. M.‐t. , Cheng C.‐Y. , Wang Y.‐W. , Lin Y.‐J. , Chang C.‐J. , Hung S.‐I. , Chung W.‐H. ,   the Taiwan Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction Consortium
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing use of anti‐osteoporotic agents (AOA) worldwide for prevention or management of patients with osteoporosis. However, there have been reports of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) induced by AOA. A recent study showed weak association between HLA and strontium ranelate (SR)‐SCAR.ObjectiveTo characterize patients with AOA‐SCAR and investigate the HLA association and utility of in vitro diagnostic methods.MethodsWe enrolled 16 cases with AOA‐cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADR), including SCAR (n = 10: 8 with Stevens–Johnson syndrome [SJS] and 2 with drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms [DRESS]) and maculopapular exanthema (MPE) (n = 6) from Taiwan and Hong Kong. We analysed the clinical characteristics, outcomes, HLA alleles and in vitro testing of AOA‐SCAR, and tolerability to alternative drugs. We further performed literature review and meta‐analysis on the HLA association of AOA‐SCAR.ResultsOur data showed strontium ranelate is the most common causality of AOA‐SCAR in Asian populations. There was no cross‐hypersensitivity of SR‐SCAR with other AOA. HLA genotyping showed that SR‐SJS was most significantly associated with HLA‐A*33:03 (Pc = 5.17 × 10−3, OR: 25.97, 95% CI: 3.08–219.33). Meta‐analysis showed that HLA‐A*33:03 was associated with SR‐SJS (P = 5.01 × 10−5; sensitivity: 85.7%) in Asians. The sensitivity of lymphocyte activation test (LAT) for identifying the culprit drug of SR‐SJS was 83.3%.ConclusionsStrontium ranelate is identified as the most notorious AOA associated with SCAR. The HLA‐A*33:03 genetic allele and LAT testing may add benefits to the diagnosis of SR‐SCAR in patients whose reaction developed while taking multiple drugs.