bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Outer Surface Defects on Large Capacity Composite Cylinders for Tube Trailers
Authors: Deng Guide , Wang Hao , Jia Guodong , Gao Zhaojiang , Sun Liang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tube trailers with large capacity glass fiber wrapped composite cylinders with steel liners have entered the Chinese market to deliver compressed gases since 2011. The tube trailers with the composite cylinders can carry more gases than those with full steel cylinders, and are welcomed by the market. However, the outer surfaces of the composite layers of the cylinders are susceptible to abrasion damages as resin-based glass fiber composites have low surface hardness. Effect of outer surface defects on the large capacity composite cylinders for tube trailers was investigated in this paper using finite element analysis. First, a mesh model of the large capacity composite cylinder without any defects was built according to its actual geometrical dimensions, in which each layer of the composite overwrap was modeled using a layer of solid elements. Second, the meshes corresponding to surface defects with different surface sizes and different depths were killed using element birth and death method to generate surface defects. Then, the models under internal pressure were solved to obtain stress distribution and predict burst pressure. Numerical results show that the surface defects decrease the burst pressure of the cylinders, and the defect depth has a more important effect on the burst pressure than the surface sizes of the defects. Based on the numerical results, three suggestions to deal with the surface defects were proposed: 1) the cylinders having surface defects with depths less than 1 mm can be acceptable, 2) those having surface defects with depths greater than 3 mm should be condemned, and 3) those having surface defects with depths between 1 mm and 3 mm may be repaired but the inspection interval of the cylinders must be shortened.
A Hybrid Model to Analyze the Fluid-Structure Interaction Phenomenon of a Relief System and Experimental Validation
Authors: Zheng Feng Jie , Qu Fu Zheng , Song Xue Guan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As one essential component of a pressurized system, a relief valve is used to guarantee the pressure within a prescribed range. But in practical engineering, pressure fluctuation caused by the operation of a relief valve will travel along the pipeline and couple with the motion of the valve, which might result in malfunction of the valve and the system. In order to investigate the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) phenomenon, a hybrid model combining the method of characteristics (MOC) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is proposed. In the hybrid FSI model, the characteristics of pressure resource is modeled using the performance curves, the compressible gas transmitting in the pipe is calculated by one-dimensional MOC, and the air flow in the valve as well as the valve motion is simulated by a two-dimensional CFD model. To validate the hybrid model, 1:1 scaled test rig is conducted. The compared results show that the hybrid model not only can accurately capture the pressure fluctuation in straight pipeline induced by the closure of the valve but also can accurately predict the forms of the valve motion.
Understanding Lift Force Discontinuity of Pressure Safety Valve
Authors: Zong Chao Yong , Zheng Feng Jie , Song Xue Guan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A pressure safety valve (PSV) is a safety valve designed to protect a vessel or a system during an overpressure event. For pressure safety valve to perform its function, the lift force as one of the key factors influencing the overall performance must be predicted. However, the lift force shows discontinuity with the increase of the valve opening under certain situations. This discontinuity could cause a series of problems, such as dynamic instability. In order to deeply explore the mechanism of the discontinuities numerical and experimental investigation were performed on a direct operated PSV in this paper. A test rig was constructed to measure the steady state lift forces at different valve openings. The working fluid was air and the valve body was removed. To obtain the details of the flow inside the valve, a series of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted. The simulation indicated that the changing flow pattern is the main cause of the lift force discontinuity and the flow pattern is very sensitive to the valve nozzle thickness and the position of the adjustment ring. Thus, the lift force discontinuity could be weakened or even eliminated by proper valve design.
Safe and Reliable Temperature and Pressure Measurement for High Pressure Applications
Authors: Maupin Tony , Breunig Jennifer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
For high pressure polyethylene applications, reliable temperature and pressure measurement with extremely fast response time, is crucial in order to avoid decomposition. Furthermore instrumentation must withstand not only the high pressures and temperatures, but also the vibration present in such a challenging environment. The requirements of temperature and pressure instrumentation include high quality mineral insulated cable, production techniques such as vacuum brazing and thin film sputtering as well as testing facilities. With this information, operators will be able to select high pressure thermocouples and pressure transmitters which are specifically designed for their application.
UK Programme on Codes, Standards and Procedure Needs for SMR and Gen IV Reactors: Phase 1 Output
Authors: James P. M. , Underwood N. J. , Sharples J. K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The UK government has committed to a clean growth strategy, whereby it is legally bound to reduce the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050 compared to levels in 1990. In order to achieve this the UK needs to develop low carbon energy sources for electricity, transportation, domestic and industrial heat, light and power. This, combined with the fact that the UK demand for electricity is likely to double by 2050, poses a significant challenge for the UK. In light of these finding the UK government has invested £250 million into nuclear research and development (R&D), thus recognising the key role that nuclear plays in producing low carbon, clean, safe and reliable energy for the UK both now and into the future.
This paper provides an overview of the ongoing activities in the UK within this R&D programme focused on developing a UK forward plan for defining the long term requirements for the design codes and standards for small modular reactors (SMRs) and generation (Gen) IV reactors (also including advanced modular reactors). The project is being undertaken by Wood Nuclear and National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL). In order to ensure a complete UK perspective is captured, an advisory board has been established with experts in this field, from academia, industry and also national laboratories. Discussions with all parties produced a series of items to be addressed in order for current Design Codes and Standards to be applicable for SMR and Gen IV reactors.
This paper summarises these activities and key findings.
Optimal Design of Tuned Mass Dampers With Variable Inerter and Damping
Authors: Chang Chang-Ching , Wang Jer-Fu , Lin Chi-Chang , Lin Tzu-Ting , Lin Chih-Shiuan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Conventional tuned mass damper (TMD) is a popular and generally accepted vibration control device in the field of passive structural control. However, it was found that the control efficacy of a conventional TMD may significantly degrade when the TMD’s frequency does not tune to its desired value. In addition, the vibration energy of controlled structure transferred into the TMD is dissipated by viscous or friction damper and becomes waste heat. In this paper, a new type of TMD, called electromagnetic TMD inerter (EM-TMDI) is developed by replacing the viscous dampers with electromagnetic rotary transducers so that a more flexible viscous damping can be achieved and part of the energy originally dissipated by the dampers could be harvested. A flywheel with variable mass moment of inertia will be introduced into the transmission system of the TMD to adjust TMD’s frequency to mitigate the frequency detuning effect and to enhance the control efficacy of TMD system. The theoretical derivation is performed to generate the relationship between the DC motor and the transmission system of the EM-TMDI. Optimal design method considering the inerter of rotary transducers will be developed. This study first designed and manufactured a scale-down, double-deck EM-TMDI. A series of shaking table tests were conducted at NCREE Tainan laboratory to verify the capability of inerter to change TMD’s frequency.
Environmental Fatigue Management for Long Time Operation: Finnish Point of View
Authors: Solin Jussi , Seppänen Tommi , Lemettinen Petri , Isometsä Juha , Pulkkinen Erkki 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Accounting for environmental effects in fatigue has long been a necessity in Finland. This requirement was placed into the national regulatory guides in 2002 and the regulatory body, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) required the license holders of operating reactors to respond by 2004.
At that time, the international state-of-the-art was reviewed and found not mature. However, reasonable approaches for accounting environmental effects were developed and adopted by both utilities, Fortum and TVO. Adoption of the proposed new design curves was considered impractical and calculation of Fen factors was preferred. This placed the Finnish utilities among the first industries, who brought environment assisted fatigue (EAF) into practice. At the same time, fatigue design of the new EPR design (OL3) was also subject of the requirement. The experimental work and approaches developed by Areva have been widely discussed in previous PVP Conferences.
A high number of PVP papers in these ‘ENVIRONMENTAL FATIGUE ISSUES’ sessions reveals that work remains to be done before the state-of-the-art in EAF is mature and an international consensus can be reached. Follow-up of evolving state-of-the-art is a part of the safety culture for Finnish utilities and regulator. Therefore, we encourage the researchers and engineers together to find solutions, which can be justified by sound arguments and brought into practice to reduce confusion and bias in fatigue management.
Economic Impact of Current SIF, Flexibility, Inspection and Manufacturing Changes As They Relate to the B31 Piping Codes
Authors: Paulin Anthony W. , Woods Glynn E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Research shows how the impact of inaccurate fatigue calculations (SIFs), poor quality materials and manufacturing shortcuts will eventually result in pipe content leaks that will cause significant business interruption costs and potentially casualties in a very small population of operating piping systems. B31J-2017 corrects many of these inaccurate SIFs but has been slow to be implemented by the piping user community because failures due to thermal overstresses occur much closer to the end of the piping system life than the beginning. Fortunately for the owner this leaves time to correct for any errors once they have been recognized. Relatively simple screening is described that allows the owner and designer to identify the relatively small population of piping systems that should be addressed.
Four-year trajectory of Korean youth mental health and impacts of school environment and school counselling: a observational study using national schools database
Authors: Park Seongjun , Lee Dayoung , Jung Song , Hong Hyun Ju 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate changes in the mental health status of South Korean adolescents at a school level and identify school-related factors affecting these changes.DesignA retrospective data analysis, population study.SettingSouth Korean high schools from 2013 to 2016.ParticipantsRandomly sampled 827 schools (316 834 boys and 299 304 girls)Primary outcome measuresMean scores of the Adolescent Mental Health and Problem Behavior Questionnaire-II (AMPQ-II), a school-based mental health screening test, were used to explore changes in youth mental health. Data regarding the school environment and school counselling were gathered from the ‘School info’ website. A multilevel growth model was used to determine relationships between students’ mental health and school-related factors.ResultsStudents’ mental health statuses in South Korea gradually improved over time (coefficient=−1.46 to −1.70, p<0.001). School mobility rates (coefficient=0.93 to 1.00, p<0.05), school dropout rates (coefficient=0.38 to 0.40, p<0.001), school budgets per student (coefficient=−0.05 to −0.06, p<0.01) and number of school counselling sessions (coefficient=0.14, p<0.01) were significantly associated with baseline AMPQ-II scores. The rate of change in AMPQ-II score increased when the number of school counselling sessions was higher (coefficient=−0.03, p<0.05) or the school budget was lower (coefficient=0.02, p<0.001). School environment explained 21.6% of the AMPQ-II baseline score variance and 9.3% of the rate of change variance. School counselling further explained 2.0% of the variance in baseline AMPQ-II scores and 2.3% of the rate of change variance.ConclusionsThis study suggests that school environment stability and active provision of school-based mental health services have a positive impact on youth mental health.
Study protocol for the COMET study: a cluster-randomised, prospective, parallel-group, superiority trial to compare the effectiveness of a collaborative and stepped care model versus treatment as usual in patients with mental disorders in primary care
Authors: Heddaeus Daniela , Dirmaier Jörg , Brettschneider Christian , Daubmann Anne , Grochtdreis Thomas , von dem Knesebeck Olaf , König Hans-Helmut , Löwe Bernd , Maehder Kerstin , Porzelt Sarah , Rosenkranz Moritz , Schäfer Ingo , Scherer Martin , Schulte Bernd , Wegscheider Karl , Weigel Angelika , Werner Silke , Zimmermann Thomas , Härter Martin 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionMental healthcare is one of the biggest challenges for healthcare systems. Comorbidities between different mental disorders are common, and patients suffer from a high burden of disease. While the effectiveness of collaborative and stepped care models has been shown for single disorders, comorbid mental disorders have rarely been addressed in such care models. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a collaborative and stepped care model for depressive, anxiety, somatoform and alcohol use disorders within a multiprofessional network compared with treatment as usual.Methods and analysisIn a cluster-randomised, prospective, parallel-group superiority trial, n=570 patients will be recruited from primary care practices (n=19 practices per group). The intervention is a newly developed collaborative and stepped care model in which patients will be treated using treatment options of various intensities within an integrated network of outpatient general practitioners, psychiatrists, psychotherapists and inpatient institutions. It will be compared with treatment as usual with regard to effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and feasibility, with the primary outcome being a change in mental health-related quality of life from baseline to 6 months. Patients in both groups will undergo an assessment at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months after study inclusion.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the ethics committee of the Hamburg Medical Association (No. PV5595) and will be carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. For dissemination, the results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. Within the superordinate research project Hamburg Network for Health Services Research, the results will be communicated to relevant stakeholders in mental healthcare.Trial registration numberNCT03226743.
Improving access to health care for people with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Southern New Zealand: qualitative study of the views of health professional stakeholders and patients
Authors: Stokes Tim , Tumilty Emma , Latu Anna Tiatia Fa'atoese , Doolan-Noble Fiona , Baxter Jo , McAuley Kathryn , Hannah Debbie , Donlevy Simon , Dummer Jack 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic disease with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly for Māori, which places a large burden on the New Zealand (NZ) health system. We undertook a qualitative study as part of a mixed-methods implementation research project which aimed to determine the barriers and enablers to the provision of accessible high-quality COPD care.SettingSouthern Health Region of NZ (Otago and Southland).ParticipantsThirteen health professional stakeholders and 23 patients with severe COPD (including one Māori and one Pasifika participant).MethodsSemistructured interviews were undertaken. A thematic analysis using the Levesque conceptual framework for access to healthcare was conducted.ResultsHealth professional stakeholders identified barriers to providing access to health services, in particular: availability (inadequate staffing and resourcing of specialist services and limited geographical availability of pulmonary rehabilitation), affordability (both of regular medication, medication needed for an exacerbation of COPD and the copayment charge for seeing a general practitioner) and appropriateness (a shared model of care across primary and secondary care was needed to facilitate better delivery of key interventions such as pulmonary rehabilitation and advance care planning (ACP). Māori stakeholders highlighted the importance of communication and relationships and the role of whānau (extended family) for support. Patients’ accounts showed variable ability to access services through having a limited understanding of what COPD is, a limited knowledge of services they could access, being unable to attend pulmonary rehabilitation (due to comorbidities) and direct (medication and copayment charges) and indirect (transport) costs.ConclusionsPeople with severe COPD experience multilevel barriers to accessing healthcare in the NZ health system along the pathway of care from diagnosis to ACP. These need to be addressed by local health services if this group of patients are to receive high-quality care.
Leadership development in New Zealand and Australian medical schools: needs analysis
Authors: Lyons Oscar , McHardy Karina , Bagg Warwick , Wilkinson Tim 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundLeadership is a core competency of doctors. However, specific learning outcomes for leadership are often not well defined in medical school curricula. This article uses New Zealand (NZ) and Australian medical school curricula as a case example for conducting a needs analysis of leadership learning outcomes.AimsTo identify which elements of medical leadership development are already met by Australian Medical Council (AMC) Outcomes for Graduates, which elements are missing, and which missing elements might reasonably be included in prequalification curricula in NZ and Australia.MethodsThe Medical Leadership Competency Framework (MLCF) was selected as the reference framework for a general needs analysis of leadership development in the AMC curriculum.To identify curriculum gaps, we first assessed the achievability of MLCF Domains at an undergraduate level. We then considered whether the AMC Outcomes for Graduates would satisfy each MLCF Domain. Where MLCF Domains were judged unachievable at the undergraduate level, we considered whether foundations were sufficiently laid for future development.ResultsFive of eight (63%) undergraduate MLCF Domains and 7 of 12 (58%) postgraduate domains were found to be already satisfied by the AMC Outcomes for Graduates.Some key elements of leadership as described in the MLCF are not yet encapsulated in the AMC Outcomes for Graduates. Two particularly notable absences are audit and quality improvement.ConclusionsLeadership is multidimensional. Some dimensions may be more appropriately learnt after medical school. There are, however, significant gaps in current curricula in Australia and NZ as defined by the AMC. These could be met more effectively using the MLCF.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОВЕДІНКОВИХ ЧИННИКІВ РИЗИКУ ОСНОВНИХ НЕІНФЕКЦІЙНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ У ГРУПАХ ЕКОНОМІЧНО АКТИВНОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ
Authors: Vlasyk L. Y. 
Published: November 2019

Мета: визначити особливості поведінкових чинників ризику в певних групах економічно активного населення, які можуть бути враховані при впровадженні профілактичних інформаційно-мотиваційних технологій на рівні первинної медичної допомоги.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено поетапне дослідження особливостей поширеності поведінкових чинників ризику основних неінфекційних захворювань серед економічно активного населення, відібрано 1252 анкети для аналізу. При аналізі вибірки вибрано довірчий рівень 95 %. Використано соціологічні (анкетування, інтерв’ювання, спостереження) та статистичні методи.
Результати. Встановлено, що більшість респондентів (53,79 %) не споживала достатню кількість фруктів, дещо менше (41,80 %) – овочів, абсолютна більшість (77,97 %) рідко споживала рибу та обмежувала сіль (71,00 %), лише 42,17 % респондентів займалися певними фізичними вправами (від зарядки до 4–5 разів на тиждень тривалістю не менше 30 хв). Поширеність тютюнокуріння серед економічно активного населення склала 27,88 %, серед чоловіків – 35,99 %, серед жінок – 20,06 %, причому серед жінок основної групи «ринок» він вищий (25,00 %), ніж серед жінок «інші категорії» (15,09 %) (р˂0,01). Жінки, які працюють на ринку, піддаються впливу тютюнового диму (активне куріння та вторинний тютюновий дим) так само як чоловіки, проте значно частіше (65,63 %), ніж жінки інших категорій (41,51 %) (р˂0,001). Куріння жінок підвищує ризик зловживання алкоголем (ВШ (OR) 3,717 95 % ДІ (CI) (2,369–5,829)). Найчастіше серед проблем із здоров’ям респонденти відзначали стрес, перевтому (34,30 %). За даними респондентів, кожний другий враховував поради лікаря, майже кожний четвертий дотримувався їх, проте відчутний результат спостерігали лише у питаннях харчування.
Висновки. Виявлені гендерні, вікові, за місцем зайнятості особливості харчової поведінки, фізичної активності, тютюнокуріння та вживання алкоголю рекомендовано враховувати лікарям первинної медичної допомоги при проведенні профілактичних втручань у щоденній практиці.