bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classifying galaxies according to their Hi content
Authors: Andrianomena Sambatra , Rafieferantsoa Mika , Davé Romeel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We use machine learning to classify galaxies according to their Hi content, based on both their optical photometry and environmental properties. The data used for our analyses are the outputs in the range z = 0 − 1 from Mufasa cosmological hydrodynamic simulation. In our previous paper, where we predicted the galaxy Hi content using the same input features, Hi rich galaxies were only selected for the training. In order for the predictions on real observation data to be more accurate, the classifiers built in this study will first establish if a galaxy is Hi rich ($\rm {log(M_{H{\small I}}/M_{*})} &gt; -2$) before estimating its neutral hydrogen content using the regressors developed in the first paper. We resort to various machine learning algorithms and assess their performance with some metrics such as accuracy, f1, AUC PR, precision, specificity and log loss. The performance of the classifiers, as opposed to that of the regressors in previous paper, gets better with increasing redshift and reaches their peak performance around z = 1 then starts to decline at even higher z. Random Forest method, the most robust among the classifiers when considering only the mock data for both training and test in this study, reaches an accuracy above $98.6 \%$ at z = 0 and above $99.0 \%$ at z = 1, which translates to a AUC PR above $99.93\%$ at low redshift and above $99.98\%$ at higher one. We test our algorithms, trained with simulation data, on classification of the galaxies in RESOLVE, ALFALFA and GASS surveys. Interestingly, SVM algorithm, the best classifier for the tests, achieves a precision, the relevant metric for the tests, above $87.60\%$ and a specificity above $71.4\%$ with all the tests, indicating that the classifier is capable of learning from the simulated data to classify Hi rich/Hi poor galaxies from the real observation data. With the advent of large Hi 21 cm surveys such as the SKA, this set of classifiers, together with the regressors developed in the first paper, will be part of a pipeline, a very useful tool, which is aimed at predicting Hi content of galaxies.
Embedded operator splitting methods for perturbed systems
Authors: Rein Hanno 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
It is common in classical mechanics to encounter systems whose Hamiltonian H is the sum of an often exactly integrable Hamiltonian H0 and a small perturbation ϵH1 with ϵ ≪ 1. Such near-integrability can be exploited to construct particularly accurate operator splitting methods to solve the equations of motion of H. However, in many cases, for example in problems related to planetary motion, it is computationally expensive to obtain the exact solution to H0. In this paper, we present a new family of embedded operator splitting (EOS) methods which do not use the exact solution to H0, but rather approximate it with yet another, EOS method. Our new methods have all the desirable properties of classical methods which solve H0 directly. But in addition they are very easy to implement and in some cases faster. When applied to the problem of planetary motion, our EOS methods have error scalings identical to that of the often used Wisdom–Holman method but do not require a Kepler solver, nor any coordinate transformations, or the allocation of memory. The only two problem specific functions that need to be implemented are the straightforward kick and drift steps typically used in the standard second-order leap-frog method.
The effect of CO−H2O collisions in the rotational excitation of cometary CO
Authors: Faure A , Lique F , Loreau J 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the first accurate rate coefficients for the rotational excitation of CO by H2O in the kinetic temperature range 5–100 K. The statistical adiabatic channel method (SACM) is combined with a high-level rigid-rotor CO−H2O intermolecular potential energy surface. Transitions among the first 11 rotational levels of CO and the first 8 rotational levels of both para-H2O and ortho-H2O are considered. Our rate coefficients are compared to previous data from the literature and they are also incorporated in a simple non-LTE model of cometary coma including collision-induced transitions, solar radiative pumping and radiative decay. We find that the uncertainties in the collision data have significant influence on the CO population distribution for H2O densities in the range 103–108 cm−3. We also show that the rotational distribution of H2O plays an important role in CO excitation (owing to correlated energy transfer in both CO and H2O), while the impact of the ortho-to-para ratio of H2O is found to be negligible.
Dextran sulfate sodium mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease evaluated for systemic genotoxicity via blood micronucleus and Pig-a gene mutation assays
Authors: Kirby Christopher , Baig Ayesha , Avlasevich Svetlana L , Torous Dorothea K , Tian Shuchang , Singh Priyanka , Bemis Jeffrey C , Saubermann Lawrence J , Dertinger Stephen D 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an important risk factor for gastrointestinal cancers. Inflammation and other carcinogenesis-related effects at distal, tissue-specific sites require further study. In order to better understand if systemic genotoxicity is associated with IBD, we exposed mice to dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) and measured the incidence of micronucleated cells (MN) and Pig-a mutant phenotype cells in blood erythrocyte populations. In one study, 8-week-old male CD-1 mice were exposed to 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4% w/v DSS in drinking water. The 4-week in-life period was divided into four 1-week intervals—alternately on then off DSS treatment. Low volume blood samples were collected for MN analysis at the end of each week, and cardiac blood samples were collected at the end of the 4-week period for Pig-a analyses. The two highest doses of DSS were observed to induce significant increases in reticulocyte frequencies. Even so, no statistically significant treatment-related effects on the genotoxicity biomarkers were evident. While one high-dose mouse showed modestly elevated MN frequencies during the DSS treatment cycles, it also exhibited exceptionally high reticulocyte frequencies (e.g. 18.7% at the end of the second DSS cycle). In a second study, mice were treated with 0 or 4% DSS for 9–18 consecutive days. Exposure was continued until rectal bleeding or morbidity was evident, at which point the treatment was terminated and blood was collected for MN analysis. The Pig-a assay was conducted on samples collected 29 days after the start of treatment. The initial blood specimens showed highly elevated reticulocyte frequencies in DSS-exposed mice (mean ± SEM = 1.75 ± 0.10% vs. 13.04 ± 3.66% for 0 vs. 4% mice, respectively). Statistical analyses showed no treatment-related effect on MN or Pig-a mutant frequencies. Even so, the incidence of MN versus reticulocytes in the DSS-exposed mice were positively correlated (linear fit R2 = 0.657, P = 0.0044). Collectively, these results suggest that in the case of the DSS CD-1 mouse model, systemic effects include stress erythropoiesis but not remarkable genotoxicity. To the extent MN may have been slightly elevated in a minority of individual mice, these effects appear to be secondary, likely attributable to stimulated erythropoiesis.
Immunological characteristics and possible pathogenic role of urinary CD11c+ macrophages in lupus nephritis
Authors: Kim Jihye , Jeong Ji Hye , Jung Jaehyung , Jeon Hanwool , Lee Seungjoo , Lim Joon Seo , Go Heounjeong , Oh Ji Seon , Kim Yong-Gil , Lee Chang-Keun , Yoo Bin , Hong Seokchan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesKidney-infiltrating immune cells can contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). We investigated the immunological characteristics of CD11c+ macrophages and their functions associated with the pathogenesis of LN.MethodsCD11c+ macrophages were examined in the urine samples of patients with LN. Phenotypic markers and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels were analysed by flow cytometry. To determine the origin of urinary macrophages, peripheral monocytes were treated with sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The pathogenic role of CD11c+ macrophages in tubulointerstitial damage was investigated using SLE sera-treated monocytes and HK-2 cells.ResultsUrinary CD11c+ macrophages expressed pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-1β, and resembled infiltrated monocytes rather than tissue-resident macrophages with respect to surface marker expression. CD11c+ macrophages had high expression levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR3, which were correlated with cognate chemokine IP-10 expression in urinary tubular epithelial cells. When treated with sera from SLE patients, peripheral monocytes acquired the morphological and functional characteristics of urinary CD11c+ macrophages, which was blocked by DNase treatment. Finally, SLE sera-treated monocytes induced fibronectin expression, apoptosis and cell detachment in HK-2 cells via production of IL-6.ConclusionCD11c+ macrophages may be involved in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial injury in LN.
CE: Mitigating the Dangers of Polypharmacy in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Gabauer Jaclyn 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT:
Polypharmacy, the use by a patient of multiple medications, contributes to adverse drug events, hospitalizations, geriatric syndromes, and increased health care costs. In the United States, polypharmacy is increasingly widespread, particularly among community-dwelling adults over age 62. In 2005-2006, 31% of such adults used five or more prescription drugs and 8.4% used medication combinations associated with potential interactions. By 2010-2011, 36% used five or more prescription drugs and 15% used potentially problematic drug combinations. Reducing the dangers of polypharmacy, however, requires clinicians to broaden their focus, considering not only the number of drugs a patient takes, but also the prescription of potentially inappropriate medications and potential prescribing omissions. This article explores the factors that contribute to polypharmacy and discusses its negative physiological, psychological, and economic effects. It also describes strategies for reducing polypharmacy, including both “explicit” approaches, which are grounded in the findings of literature reviews and expert opinion, and “implicit” approaches, which are based on the provider's interpretation of clinical data and the patient's medication regimen.
Transporting Children to Safety After Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Mueller Michael R. , Suresh Mithun , Rizzo Julie A. , Cancio Leopoldo C. , VanFosson Christopher A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The Fuego volcano eruption near Guatemala City, Guatemala, on June 3, 2018, left more than 150 dead and hundreds more injured or missing. Local officials quickly identified a need for burn care among the injured and asked the international community for assistance. By the morning of June 4, members of the U.S. Army's Burn Flight Team were placed on high alert in preparation for an evacuation mission to bring injured Guatemalans to the United States for specialized burn care. The mission required seven RNs, three respiratory therapists, a burn surgeon, two intensivists, an anesthesiologist, and an operations officer in order to successfully evacuate six critically injured pediatric burn patients to the Shriners Hospitals for Children–Galveston in Galveston, Texas. This article describes details of each stage of the mission and includes a discussion of key aspects of logistics and patient care posed by such evacuations.
Family Planning Training at Catholic and Other Religious Hospitals: A National Survey
Authors: Guiahi Maryam , Teal Stephanie , Kenton Kimberly , DeCesare Julie , Steinauer Jody 
Published: January 2020

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.012)
The Accreditation Council for Graduate and Medical Education (ACGME) has recognized family planning and abortion training as essential components of all obstetrics and gynecology residency programs, regardless of institutional affiliation, and has stipulated that such training be a comprehensive part of their planned curriculum (“routine training”). It has also been recognized by ACGME that residents who have religious or moral objections to abortion training may decline (“opt-out”) of training.
Food allergy: how expensive are they?
Authors: Dyer Ashley A. , Negris Olivia R. , Gupta Ruchi S. , Bilaver Lucy A. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
Food allergy remains a disease of global public health significance well known to impact social, emotional, and financial well being. This review aims to summarize the existing literature focused on the direct, indirect, and intangible costs of food allergy at the household and healthcare system levels, and begin to discuss how emerging treatment and prevention strategies may be leveraged to comprehensively care for the food allergic population with the efficient use of health resources.

Recent findings
Food allergy imposes significant costs to multiple stakeholders and largely impact families at the household level. Recent studies elucidate the need to balance the household management of food allergy with the efficient use of health resources. Overall, it remains critical that safe foods and medications remain affordable while further exploring the cost-effectiveness of early introduction, emerging food allergy therapies, and the wider use of stock epinephrine to adequately meet the public health needs of the food-allergic community.

Summary
Better understanding how the cost of food allergy impacts populations will help to inform more progressive policies aimed at lessening socioeconomic disparities and ultimately improve quality of life for children and adults with food allergies.
Molecular diagnosis usefulness for idiopathic anaphylaxis
Authors: Cardona Victoria , Guilarte Mar , Labrador-Horrillo Moises 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
Molecular diagnosis has become an indispensable tool in allergy. In suspected idiopathic anaphylaxis, it is mandatory to extend the diagnostic search to its limits. The current review evaluates how molecular diagnosis allows to identify a number of difficult to prove potential culprits.

Recent findings
Depending on different geographical areas, it has been shown that the number of anaphylaxis labelled as idiopathic may decrease by the use of molecular diagnosis. The most relevant allergens identified are alpha-gal, omega-5-gliadin, Anisakis, lipid transfer proteins and oleosins. The role of cofactors has been shown to be relevant in a high proportion of cases. Mast cell disorders should always be ruled out.

Summary
There is a need to provide further molecular diagnostic tests for use in clinical practice to identify sensitization to allergens not well represented in current commercial assays.
Factors Associated With Minimum Effective Volume of Lidocaine 1.5% for Sciatic Nerve Blocks
Authors: Chen Xiaorui , Ling Dandan , Cao Jianfang , Lin Xiaoyan , Cao Xiaodan , Wang Mengying , Luo Junjie , Xie Shuqi , Yu Bin 
Published: January 2020

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to investigate the correlations between the minimum effective volume (MEV) of lidocaine 1.5% for an ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block and individual factors including the cross-sectional nerve area, sex, age, body mass index, and the depth of the sciatic nerve and to evaluate the safety of combined femoral and sciatic nerve blocks by monitoring the plasma concentration of local anesthetics.

Methods:
Forty patients received combined single-shot femoral and continuous sciatic nerve blocks. The femoral nerve block was performed with an in-plane technique and 15 mL of lidocaine 1.5%. A continuous peripheral nerve block annular tube was positioned between the tibial and peroneal nerves inside the paraneural sheath. Thirty minutes after the femoral nerve block, a loading dose of 5 mL of lidocaine 1.5% was given to block the sciatic nerve after obtaining the maximum compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude using nerve conduction studies. Additional lidocaine 1.5% was pumped at a rate of 30 mL/h through the indwelling annular tube if, after 8 minutes, the CMAP amplitude was still present. The CMAP amplitude monitored by the nerve conduction studies and pinprick tests were recorded every 2 minutes after the administration of lidocaine 1.5%. When the CMAP amplitude decreased to nearly 0 mV, this MEV was recorded. The influences of the cross-sectional area of the sciatic nerve, sex, age, body mass index, and the depth of the sciatic nerve on the MEV were analyzed using stepwise multiple linear regression. Blood samples were collected from 10 patients to evaluate the safety of combined femoral and sciatic nerve blocks by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Blood was drawn at 0 minutes before femoral nerve injection; 0 minutes before sciatic nerve injection; 8 minutes after sciatic nerve injection; and 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 minutes after the pumping of lidocaine 1.5% stopped.

Results:
A significant correlation was found between the MEV of lidocaine 1.5% and the cross-sectional area of the sciatic nerve (r=0.459), with a regression equation of the MEV (mL)=5.969+0.095×(the cross-sectional area of the sciatic nerve). The coefficient of determination was 0.211 (P<0.05). The MEV of lidocaine 1.5% for complete sciatic nerve blocks ranged from 7 to 15 mL. The maximum concentrations of lidocaine, monoethylglycinexylidide, and glycinexylidide were 1672.9 (227.6), 265.7 (32.7), and 42.2 (22.4) ng/mL, respectively.

Conclusions:
There is a positive correlation between the cross-sectional area of the sciatic nerve and the MEV. The regression equation can help to predict the MEV of lidocaine 1.5% for popliteal sciatic nerve blocks. The maximum concentrations of lidocaine and its metabolites did not approach toxic threshold limits in this study.
“Aural Patching” After Bilateral Cochlear Implantation Is Challenging for Children With Prior Long-Term Unilateral Implant Experience
Authors: Abbasalipour Parvaneh , Papsin Blake C. , Gordon Karen A. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives:
To assess the use of “aural patching” as a strategy to potentially reduce the known persistence of aural preference in children receiving bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) with long inter-implant delays by removing the first device to increase stimulation to the second implanted side.

Design:
Children/adolescents who received a second CI at 12.8 ± 3.5 years of age after 9.4 ± 2.9 years of unilateral CI use were asked to remove their first CI for regular periods daily (aural patching). Their compliance was monitored, and asymmetries in speech perception were measured at the end of the study period.

Results:
Partial adherence to aural patching over the first few months of bilateral hearing use markedly declined with time. As expected, the group demonstrated asymmetries in speech perception that were not significantly affected by the limited aural patching.

Conclusions:
The aural patching protocol was a challenge to maintain for most children and families studied, reflecting both the expected aural preference for the first implanted ear and their challenges to reverse it.
The Incremental Cost of Inpatient Venous Thromboembolism After Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Trivedi Nikunj N. , Abola Matthew V. , Kim Chang Y. , Sivasundaram Lakshmanan , Smith Eric J. , Ochenjele George 
Published: January 2020

Objectives:
To (1) identify trends in the rates of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and (2) calculate the additional incremental inpatient cost and length of stay associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) after hip fracture surgery.

Design:
Retrospective database analysis.

Setting:
Hospital discharge data.

Patients/Participants:
A total of 838,054 patients undergoing operative treatment of hip fractures in the National Inpatient Sample from 2003 to 2014.

Intervention:
Internal fixation or partial/total hip replacement.

Main Outcome Measures:
The length of stay and cost of hospitalization were compared between patients with VTE and those without using a Student t-test. A logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the trends in VTE rates, and a multivariable linear regression model was performed to evaluate inpatient hospital costs.

Results:
The overall rates of DVT and PE were 0.3% and 0.53%, respectively. VTE was associated with an increased length of stay (9 days vs. 5 days) and increased inpatient cost ($103,860.83 vs. $51,576.00). The rate of DVT over the study period decreased, whereas the rate of PE increased.

Conclusions:
Each episode of VTE after hip fracture is a significant source of additional inpatient cost. Patients who sustain a VTE have approximately twice the length of stay and total inpatient cost compared with those who do not. The rates of DVT after hip fracture surgery are decreasing, whereas the rates of PE are increasing.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparison of Wide Margin and Inadequate Margin for Recurrence in Sacral Chordoma
Authors: Yu Xiao , Kou Changgui , Bai Wei , Yu Weiying , Zhu Bo , Zhang Min , Hua Wanqing , Li Yuanyuan , Duan Ruixin , Yin Fei 
Published: January 2020

Study Design..
A meta-analysis.

Objective..
The goal of this study was to accurately evaluate the risk ratio (RR) of recurrence in chordoma patients with wide margin after removing the tumors using surgery, compared with inadequate margin (intralesional or marginal).

Summary of Background Data..
As a rare malignant bone cancer, the more effective treatment for sacral chordoma is still surgical resection. However, there is no convincing evidence and risk ratio about sacral chordoma patients would be benefit from which kind of surgical margin.

Methods..
We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE from inception to December 2018. The heterogeneity analysis and calculation of the pooled risk ratio were performed using RevMan 5.3 software. The assessment of publication bias and sensitivity analysis was conducted using StataSE 15.1 software. The protocol for this meta-analysis was registered on International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42019127441).

Results..
Twelve studies with a total of 436 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. The pooled results indicated that patients in the wide group had lower recurrence rate than those in the inadequate group (RR = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31–0.57; P < 0.001). And patients in the wide group had lower mortality rate than those in the inadequate group (RR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.26–0.91; P = 0.02). No significant differences in the risk of mortality were found between relapsed patients in the two groups (RR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.35–1.15; P = 0.13).

Conclusion..
In sacral chordoma patients, wide margin is associated with low recurrence risk, when it is feasible, a wide excision should be considered appropriate for sacrum chordoma.

Level of Evidence: 2