bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular detection and phylogenetic analyses of Wolbachia in natural populations of nine galling Aphid species
Authors: Ren Weibin , Wei Hongyuan , Yang Ying , Shao Shuxia , Wu Haixia , Chen Xiaoming , Yang Zixiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWolbachia is one of the most abundant facultative intracellular symbionts in arthropods. It alters host biology in diverse ways, including the induction of reproductive manipulation, association of nutrient supplier and protection against pathogens. Aphids are a group of insects which exhibit interesting biological characteristics such as complex life cycles, alteration of sexual and asexual reproduction and shifts between two different hosts. Wolbachia is widely present in many orders of insects, but so far limited studies on Wolbachia in aphids have been carried out. Galling aphids are a group of aphids that induce galls on their primary host plants at specific life stage. In this study, 15 natural populations representing nine galling aphid species were analyzed for the presence of Wolbachia using species-specific primer pairs. Wolbachia presence in galling aphids was quite low and varied significantly among aphid populations. Only three of the 15 populations we analyzed had detectable Wolbachia and the overall infection rate was 20%. Two Wolbachia strains, O and B, were identified from the galling aphids Kaburagia rhusicola and Schlechtendalia chinensis. Strain O was for the first time to be found in aphids, and it is likely involved with the life stages of galling aphids living in closed microenvironments with specific survival strategies that are different from free-living aphids.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 is expressed in the horizontal pathway of the vervet monkey retina
Authors: Bouskila Joseph , Micaelo-Fernandes Catarina , Palmour Roberta M. , Bouchard Jean-François , Ptito Maurice 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ubiquitous distribution of the classic endocannabinoid system (cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2) has been demonstrated within the monkey nervous system, including the retina. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a cannabinoid-like non-selective cation channel receptor that is present in the retina and binds to endovannilloids and endocannabinoids, like anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol and N-arachidonoyl dopamine. Retinal expression patterns of TRPV1 are available for rodents and data in higher mammals like humans and monkeys are scarce. We therefore thoroughly examined the expression and localization of TRPV1 in the retina, at various eccentricities, of the vervet (Chlorocebus sabeus) monkey, using Western blots and immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrate that TRPV1 is found mainly in the outer and inner plexiform layers, and in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer with a higher density in the periphery. Co-immunolabeling of TRPV1 with parvalbumin, a primate horizontal cell marker, revealed a clear overlap of expression throughout the entire cell structure with most prominent staining in the cell body membrane and synaptic terminals. Furthermore, double labeling of TRPV1 and syntaxin was found throughout amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer. Finally, double staining of TRPV1 and Brn3a allowed us to confirm its previously reported expression in the cell bodies and dendrites of RGCs. The presence of TRPV1 in the horizontal pathway suggests a function of this receptor in lateral inhibition between photoreceptors through the horizontal cells, and between bipolar cells through amacrine cells.
SiNx/(Al,Ga)N interface barrier in N-polar III-nitride transistor structures studied by modulation spectroscopy
Authors: Janicki Ł. , Li H. , Keller S. , Mishra U. K. , Kudrawiec R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContactless electroreflectance studies coupled with numerical calculations are performed on in-situ SiNx capped N-polar III-nitride high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures with a scaled channel thickness in order to analyse the built-in electric field in the GaN channel layer. The experimentally obtained field values are compared with the calculated field versus channel thickness curves. Furthermore, the experimental and theoretical sheet carrier densities, ns, are evaluated. While a gradual decrease in carrier concentration with decreasing channel thickness is expected for N-polar structures, experimentally a sudden drop in the ns values is observed for samples with very thin channels. The additional loss in charge was associated with a change in the SiNx/AlGaN interface Fermi level at very thin channel thicknesses.
Exploiting phage receptor binding proteins to enable endolysins to kill Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Zampara Athina , Sørensen Martine C. Holst , Grimon Dennis , Antenucci Fabio , Vitt Amira Ruslanovna , Bortolaia Valeria , Briers Yves , Brøndsted Lone 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBacteriophage-encoded endolysins degrading the bacterial peptidoglycan are promising antibacterials for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, endolysins have limited use against Gram-negative bacteria, since the outer membrane prevents access to the peptidoglycan. Here, we present Innolysins, an innovative concept for engineering endolysins to exert antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Innolysins combine the enzymatic activity of endolysins with the binding capacity of phage receptor binding proteins (RBPs). As proof-of-concept, we constructed 12 Innolysins by fusing phage T5 endolysin and RBP Pb5 in different configurations. One of these, Innolysin Ec6 displayed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli only in the presence of Pb5 receptor FhuA, leading to 1.22 ± 0.12 log reduction in cell counts. Accordingly, other bacterial species carrying FhuA homologs such as Shigella sonnei and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to Innolysin Ec6. To enhance the antibacterial activity, we further constructed 228 novel Innolysins by fusing 23 endolysins with Pb5. High-throughput screening allowed to select Innolysin Ec21 as the best antibacterial candidate, leading to 2.20 ± 0.09 log reduction in E. coli counts. Interestingly, Innolysin Ec21 also displayed bactericidal activity against E. coli resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, reaching a 3.31 ± 0.53 log reduction in cell counts. Overall, the Innolysin approach expands previous endolysin-engineering strategies, allowing customization of endolysins by exploiting phage RBPs to specifically target Gram-negative bacteria.
A benzimidazole inhibitor attenuates sterile inflammation induced in a model of systemic autoinflammation in female mice
Authors: Agliano Federica , Karlinsey Keaton S. , Ragazzi Michael , Ménoret Antoine , Vella Anthony T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSterile stimuli can trigger inflammatory responses, and in some cases can lead to a variety of acute or chronic diseases. In this study, we hypothesize that a benzimidazole inhibitor may be used as a therapeutic in the treatment of sterile inflammation. In vitro, this inhibitor blocks TLR signalling and inflammatory responses. The benzimidazole inhibitor does not prevent mouse macrophage activation after stimulation with 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD, also known as pristane), a hydrocarbon oil that mimics features of sterile inflammation when injected in vivo. However, C57BL/6J female mice treated with the benzimidazole inhibitor exhibited a significant reduction of pristane-dependent induction of splenocyte number and weight. Conversely, no significant difference was observed in males. Using mass spectrometry, we found that the urine of pristane-injected mice contained increased levels of putative markers for several inflammatory diseases, which were reduced by the benzimidazole inhibitor. To study the mechanism, we showed that pristane-injected mice had increased cell free DNA in serum, which was not impacted by inhibitor treatment. However, chemokine release (e.g. MCP-1, RANTES and TARC) was significantly reduced in inhibitor-treated mice. Thus, the benzimidazole inhibitor might be used as a new drug to block the recruitment of immune cells during sterile inflammatory diseases in humans.
Association between hemoglobin variability and incidence of hypertension over 40 years: a Korean national cohort study
Authors: Son Minkook , Park Junyong , Park Kyungil , Yang Sung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHemoglobin level determines blood viscosity and as hemoglobin level rises, blood pressure rises. However, hemoglobin level in individuals is not fixed and change in hemoglobin is affected by various clinical conditions. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the hemoglobin variability affects the development of hypertension using Korean cohort database. This study was conducted with 94,798 adults (age ≥ 40 years) who visited the health screening in 2006 or 2007 (index year) and had at least 3 health screenings from 2002 to 2007. Hemoglobin variability was assessed by 3 indices of coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation, and variability independent of the mean. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed for each index of quartile groups (Q1–Q4). A total of 29,145 participants (30.7%) had the incidence of hypertension during a median follow-up of 7.4 ± 2.5 years. In the multivariable adjusted model, the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for incidence of hypertension of Q2, Q3, and Q4 compared with Q1 of hemoglobin variability CV were 1.014 [0.981–1.047], 1.064 [1.030–1.099] and 1.094 [1.059–1.131] respectively. The results were consistent in various sensitivity and subgroup analyses. This study showed that hemoglobin variability could be associated with hypertension development.
Miocene cladocera from Poland
Authors: Dumont Henri J. , Pociecha Agnieszka , Zawisza Edyta , Szeroczyńska Krystyna , Worobiec Elżbieta , Worobiec Grzegorz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Bełchatów Lignite Mine of Poland is a treasure-cove for mid-to late Miocene plant and animal fossils, deposited in a slow-flowing river valley with swamps and oxbow lakes. Here, we report the finding of abundant fossil anomopod cladocerans. Some are three-dimensionally preserved, including the taxonomically important trunk limbs. They pertain to the families Chydoridae and Bosminidae, with species similar to but distinct from modern ones. All are members of the zooplankton, though some are littoral while others are pelagic in nature. Morphological stasis in these families is not outspoken as in the Daphniidae and the stasis hypothesis, based on ephippia only, is challenged. The absence of Daphnia is conspicuous and ascribed to a combination of fish predation and local water chemistry. Its place in the oxbow lakes is taken by at least two Bosmina species, one of which is undescribed. We consider this a case of paleo-competitive release. For Bosminidae, these are the first certified fossils predating the Pleistocene.
Simultaneous FDG-PET/MRI detects hippocampal subfield metabolic differences in AD/MCI
Authors: Carlson Mackenzie L. , DiGiacomo Phillip S. , Fan Audrey P. , Goubran Maged , Khalighi Mohammad Mehdi , Chao Steven Z. , Vasanawala Minal , Wintermark Max , Mormino Elizabeth , Zaharchuk Greg , James Michelle L. , Zeineh Michael M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe medial temporal lobe is one of the most well-studied brain regions affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the spread of neurofibrillary pathology in the hippocampus throughout the progression of AD has been thoroughly characterized and staged using histology and other imaging techniques, it has not been precisely quantified in vivo at the subfield level using simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we investigate alterations in metabolism and volume using [18F]fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) and simultaneous time-of-flight (TOF) PET/MRI with hippocampal subfield analysis of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy subjects. We found significant structural and metabolic changes within the hippocampus that can be sensitively assessed at the subfield level in a small cohort. While no significant differences were found between groups for whole hippocampal SUVr values (p = 0.166), we found a clear delineation in SUVr between groups in the dentate gyrus (p = 0.009). Subfield analysis may be more sensitive for detecting pathological changes using PET-MRI in AD compared to global hippocampal assessment.
Standardized treatment and determinants on 9,059 syphilis-infected pregnant women during 2015–2018 in Hunan, China
Authors: Li Huixia , Tan Jingjing , Luo Zhongwen , Zheng Jianfei , Huang Guangwen , Xiao Juan , Huang Qun , Feng Na 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study was aimed to describe the standardized treatment rate of syphilis-infected pregnant women in Hunan province and to explore the determinants for standardized treatment. All syphilis-infected pregnant women registered in the Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Syphilis Management (IPMTCT) in Hunan between January 2015 and December 2018 were included in this study. Among 9,059 pregnant women with syphilis, 7,797 received syphilis treatment, with a treatment rate of 86.1%, and 4,963 underwent standardized syphilis treatment, with an average standardized treatment rate of 54.8%. The facilitators for the standardized treatment included abnormal reproductive histories (aOR = 1.15, 95%CI:1.03–1.28), time of first prenatal care within 1–12 weeks (aOR = 5.17, 95%CI:4.19–6.37) or within 13–27 weeks (aOR = 5.56, 95%CI:4.46–6.92), previous syphilis infection (aOR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.48–1.81), and definite syphilis infection status of sexual partner (negative: aOR = 1.73, 95%CI:1.57–1.91; positive: aOR = 1.62, 95%CI:1.34–1.95). The barriers included marital status being unmarried/divorced/widowed (aOR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.65–0.99), pluripara (aOR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.46–0.74), number of children ≥ 2 (aOR = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.35–0.57), and syphilis clinical stage being primary/secondary/tertiary (aOR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.58–0.88) or unclear (aOR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.70–0.86). Though the treatment rate of syphilis-infected pregnant women was high, the standardized treatment rate was low. The facilitators and barriers on standardized treatment of gestational syphilis were identified at the patient level.
Carbon dioxide adsorption in open nanospaces formed by overlap of saponite clay nanosheets
Authors: Sato Kiminori , Hunger Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNanoscale open spaces formed by partial overlap of two-dimensional nanosheets in clays, abundantly and ubiquitously available, possess reactive molecular sites such as nanosheet edges in their interior. Here, the capture and storage of CO2 molecules in open spaces within saponite clay are explored by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance coupled with open space analysis using positronium. CO2 physisorption occurs on the nanosheet surfaces inside the open spaces under ambient conditions. Thereby, CO2 molecules are activated by picking off weakly-bound oxygen from octahedral sites at the nanosheet edges and carbonate species are stabilized on the nanosheet surfaces. This instantaneous mineral carbonation and CO2 physisorption occurs in the absence of an energy-consumption process or chemical solution enhancement. This finding is of potential significance for CO2 capture and storage and presents an approach of environmentally friendly recycling of low contaminated soil in Fukushima.
High-temperature short-range order in Mn3RhSi
Authors: Yamauchi Hiroki , Sari Dita Puspita , Watanabe Isao , Yasui Yukio , Chang Lieh-Jeng , Kondo Keietsu , Ito Takashi U. , Ishikado Motoyuki , Hagihara Masato , Frontzek Matthias D. , Chi Songxue , Fernandez-Baca Jaime A. , Lord James S. , Berlie Adam , Kotani Atsuhiro , Mori Shigeo , Shamoto Shin-ichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConventional phase transitions are well understood in terms of the order parameter, based on the Landau–Ginzburg–Wilson theory. However, unconventional magnetic orders have been observed in clean systems such as MnSi. The unconventional magnetic orders of conduction electrons in the metallic phase has been observed for high-temperature superconductors and heavy fermion compounds. However, these unconventional magnetic orders have been limited to relatively low temperatures as quantum phase transitions. Here high-temperature magnetic short-range order is observed as one of the unconventional magnetic orders at temperatures up to 720 K in a noncentrosymmetric intermetallic antiferromagnet Mn3RhSi with a well-ordered lattice. The magnetic Mn ions form a hyperkagome network of corner-sharing triangles, where the spins are geometrically frustrated. The spin network is equivalent to that of a spin liquid and non-Fermi-liquid material, β-Mn. Our observation indicates that a metallic phase with magnetic short-range order exists at high temperatures.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy or hepaticojejunostomy without dilation using a stent with a thinner delivery system
Authors: Maehara Kosuke , Hijioka Susumu , Nagashio Yoshikuni , Ohba Akihiro , Maruki Yuta , Suzuki Hiromi , Sone Miyuki , Okusaka Takuji , Saito Yutaka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background and study aim Use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has recently increased. In EUS-BD, after puncturing the bile duct, dilation is performed and the stent is deployed. Due to adverse events (AEs) such as unexpected displacement of the guidewire, simplified procedures are required. Currently, stents with small-diameter delivery systems are being rapidly developed, expanding the possibilities for of EUS-BD without dilation. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the success rates and AEs in patients who underwent EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) or EUS-guided hepaticojejunostomy (EUS-HJS) without dilation.
Patients and methods Six consecutive patients with malignant biliary obstruction and failed transpapillary BD underwent EUS-HGS or EUS-HJS without dilation, deploying a 6-mm fully-covered self-expandable metallic stent with a 6-Fr delivery system.
Results The technical and clinical success rates were 100 %. There was one case each of stent migration and stent occlusion, and no other AEs were noted.
Conclusions EUS-HGS or EUS-HJS without dilation using a stent with a 6-Fr delivery system had high technical and clinical success rates; however, additional cases are required to validate the study findings.
Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis prevention using topical epinephrine: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Iqbal Umair , Siddique Osama , Khara Harshit S. , Khan Muhammad Ali , Haq Khwaja Fahad , Siddiqui Mohammad Arsalan , Solanki Shantanu , Zuchelli Tobias E. , Shellenberger Matthew Joshua , Birk John W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) is a common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Multiple drugs and techniques have been studied for the prevention of PEP. Topical epinephrine has shown mixed results and is still not widely accepted as an alternative for prevention of PEP. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of topical epinephrine in preventing PEP.
Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted by searching Cochrane library database, Embase and PubMed up to August 2019, to identify all studies that evaluated use of topical epinephrine alone or in conjunction with other agents for prevention of PEP. Outcomes included prevention of PEP with use of topical epinephrine and evaluation of whether addiing epinephrine provides any additional benefit in preventing PEP. All analysis was conducted using Revman 5.3.
Results Eight studies, including six randomized controlled trials and two observational studies with 4123 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, there was no difference in incidence of PEP in patients who underwent ERCP and were treated with epinephrine spray versus those who were not, RR = 0.63 (CI 0.32–1.24) with heterogeneity (I2 = 72 %). However, on a subgroup analysis, topical epinephrine significantly decreases the risk of PEP when compared to placebo alone (means no intervention was done including no rectal indomethacin)., RR = 0.32 (0.18–0.57). In another subgroup analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in using topical epinephrine along with rectal indomethacin in preventing PEP compared to rectal indomethacin alone RR = 0.87 (0.46–1.64).
Conclusion Topical epinephrine does not provide any additional benefit in preventing PEP when used in conjunction with rectal indomethacin. In subgroup analysis, topical epinephrine appeared to decrease risk of PEP in the absence of rectal indomethacin, and could be considered when rectal indomethacin is unavailable or if there is a contraindication to its use.
Pancreatitis kills cysts: A phenomenon that illustrates the potential role of immune activation in premalignant cyst ablation
Authors: Walsh Leonard T. , Moyer Matthew T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Pancreatic cystic lesions are being increasingly recognized on cross-sectional imaging and mucinous premalignant cysts represent one of the most prevalent types. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided chemoablation offers a safe and minimally invasive ablation approach yet with limited efficacy. Patients who develop acute pancreatitis as a complication of chemoablation with alcohol however experience ablation rates up to 100 %. This evidence suggests that recruitment of the body’s immune system may represent an avenue to significantly increase the efficacy of EUS-guided chemoablation. Here we illustrate this immune-mediated tumor killing phenomenon through a case presentation at our institution.
Role of the KCNJ Gene Variants in the Clinical Outcome of Type 1
Diabetes
Authors: Blasetti Annalisa , Castorani Valeria , Comegna Laura , Franchini Simone , Prezioso Giovanni , Provenzano Martina , Di Giulio Concetta , Iannucci Daniela , Matonti Lorena , Tumini Stefano , Chiarelli Francesco , Stuppia Liborio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiabetes is considered as a disease with a wide and continuous clinical
spectrum, ranging from Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) with complex
multifactorial causes. In the last years, particular attention has been
focused on the predictive value and therapeutic potential of single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs can alter the seed-sequence in
miRNA’s loci and miRNA target sites causing changes in the structure
and influencing the binding function. Only few studies have investigated the
clinical influence of SNPs, in particular potassium inwardly rectifying
channel, subfamily J, member 11 (KCNJ) gene variants in T1D population. The
aim of the study is to investigate the occurrence and the possible metabolic
significance of KCNJ polymorphism in a group of pediatric patients with T1D.
The study was performed in a cohort of 90 Caucasian children and adolescents
with T1D and 93 healthy subjects. Rs5210 polymorphism has been analyzed with
a prevalence of the GG genotype in the patient group suggesting its
association with T1D. Therefore, a relationship was found between GG
genotype and body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis and insulin requirement (IR)
after 6 months. The study suggested an action for rs5210 in determining the
metabolic features of T1D pediatric patients, by showing some clues of
insulin resistance in patients carrying that polymorphism.