bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-Guided Hydrostatic Reduction Versus Fluoroscopy-Guided Air Reduction for Pediatric Intussusception: A Multi-Center, Prospective, Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Shu Ting , Tang Xiao Bing , Li Huan , Chen Dong , Lei Jun , Bai Yuzuo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background：Intussusception is the most common abdominal emergency in children. The first line treatment of uncomplicated pediatric intussusception is enema reduction. Until now, there have been no multi-center studies comparing the effectiveness and safety of UGHR and FGAR in the treatment of pediatric intussusception. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of the two most commonly used enema methods of pediatric intussusception: Ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction (UGHR) and Fluoroscopy-guided air reduction (FGAR).Methods: From November 1, 2017 to October 31, 2018, we conducted a multi-center, prospective, cohort study. Children diagnosed with intussusception in four large Children’s Medical Centers in China were divided into UGHR and FGAR groups. Stratified analysis and subgroup analysis were used for further comparison. The success and recurrence rates were used to evaluate the effectiveness of enema reduction. The perforation rate was used to evaluate the safety of enema reduction.Results: A total of 2,124 cases met the inclusion criteria (UGHR group: 1119 cases; FGAR group: 1005 cases). The success and recurrence rates in the UGHR group were higher than in the FGAR group (95.80%, 9.28% vs. 93.13%, 10.65%) (P<0.05, P>0.05), respectively. The perforation rate in the UGHR group was 0.36% compared with 0.30% in the FGAR group (P>0.05). Subgroup analysis showed the success rates in the UGHR group were higher than in the FGAR group of patients with onset time between 12h and 24h (95.56% vs 90.57%) (P<0.05). Of patients aged 4 to 24 months, the success rates in the UGHR group were also higher than in the FGAR group (95.77% vs 91.60%) (P<0.05). Stratified analysis showed the success rates in the UGHR group were higher than in the FGAR group in patients with the symptom of bloody stool (91.91% vs 85.38%) (P<0.05).Conclusions: UGHR and FGAR are safe, nonsurgical treatment methods for acute pediatric intussusception. UGHR is superior to FGAR, no radiation risk, its success rate is higher, without a difference in perforation rate, especially for patients aged 4–24 months.Level of evidence: Level II.
Residential Green, Blue Spaces and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-based Health Study in China
Authors: Li Ruijia , Chen Gongbo , Jiao Anqi , Lu Yuanan , Guo Yuming , Li Shanshan , Wang Chongjian , Xiang Hao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Evidence on the health benefits of green space in residential environments is still limited, and few studies have investigated the potential association between blue space and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence. Methods: The study included 39,019 participants who had completed the baseline survey from Henan Rural Cohort, 2015–2017. The Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were employed to characterize the residential green space, and the distance from the participant's residential address to the nearest water body was considered to represent the residential blue space. Mixed effect models were applied to evaluate the associations of the residential environment with T2DM and fasting blood glucose levels. Results: An interquartile range (IQR) increase in NDVI and EVI was significantly associated with a 13.4% (Odds ratio (OR):0.866, 95%Confidence interval (CI): 0.830, 0.903) and 14.2% (OR:0.858, 95%CI: 0.817,0.901) decreased risk of T2DM, respectively. The residential green space was associated with lower fasting blood glucose levels in men (%change, –2.060 in men vs. –0.972 in women) and the elderly (%change, –1.696 in elderly vs. –1.268 in young people). Additionally, people who lived more than 5 km from the water body had a 15.7% lower risk of T2DM (OR: 0.843, 95% CI: 0.770, 0.923) and 1.829% lower fasting blood glucose levels (95% CI: –2.335%,–1.320%) than those who lived closer to the blue space. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that residential green space was beneficially associated with T2DM and fasting blood glucose levels. However, further research is needed to explore more comprehensively the relationship between residential blue space and public health.
Mental Distress Among Young Adults – Gender Differences in the Role of Social Support
Authors: Johansen Rune , Espetvedt Mari Nicholls , Lyshol Heidi , Clench-Aas Jocelyne , Myklestad Ingri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to examine to what extent observed gender differences in mental health are associated with the protective factors social support, sense of coherence and participation in regular physical activity and more generally, engagement in organized or unorganized activity with other people.Methods: This study was based upon a cross-sectional regional health survey in Norway, conducted during the winter 2015-2016, in three southern counties; Aust-Agder, Vest-Agder and Vestfold. The study focused on young adults, comparing three age groups; 18-24 years old (n=624), 25-31 (n=582), and 32-38 years old (n=795).Results: Sense of coherence was strongly associated with low mental distress in all age groups and for both genders, while the association with social support was highly significant for young women only. Regular physical activity was not positively associated with low mental distress when sense of coherence and social support were included in the analysis.Conclusion: Social support appears to have a stronger role as a protective factor for mental distress among young women, compared to young men and older persons. This has implications for health promoting activities that target young women. Sense of coherence showed a strong association with low mental distress scores for all ages studied.
Effect of Resilience on Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Grass-roots Civil Servants: The Mediating and Moderating Model
Authors: Song Huiling , Zhang Mengjie , Wang Yanjie , Yang Liying , Wang Yanyu , Li Yan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Civil servants are a special group in China, and there is limited research on how their resilience affects mental health, such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to explore the role of resilience through the relationship between stress, depression and anxiety, and to further provide an explanation for how resilience interacts with stress, depression and anxiety in civil servants.Method: In a cross-sectional survey, 302 civil servants completed a battery of questionnaires. The Civil Servants Stress Scale (CSSS) was used to assess the stress of civil servants. The depression and anxiety of participants were evaluated by the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), respectively. The Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to assess the stress of civil servants as well. We conducted the moderating and mediating models to the resilience, depression and anxiety in gross-roots civil servants.Results: The results have shown that resilience was related to stress, depression, and anxiety in civil servants at the basic level. Stress was positively correlated with resilience. On the contrary, stress was negatively associated with depression and anxiety.Conclusion: Resilience played the moderating and mediating roles for stress,depression and anxiety. Resilience can moderate the relationship between stress and depression, anxiety as a dynamic moderate mode. Improving resilience and reducing stress play a vital role in preventing depression and anxiety in gross-roots civil servants.
Effectiveness of a Community-level Social Mobilization Intervention in Achieving the Outcomes of Polio Vaccination Campaigns During the Post-polio-endemic Period: Evidence from CORE Group Polio Project in Uttar Pradesh, India.
Authors: Choudhary Manojkumar , Solomon Roma , Awale Jitendra , Dey Rina , Singh Jagajeet Prasad , Weiss William 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background:A social mobilization (SM) initiative contributed to India’s success in polio elimination. This was the CORE Group Polio Project (CGPP), a partner of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) SM Network and which continued its SM activities, even during the polio-free period through a network of multi-level social mobilizers. This paper assesses the effects of this community-level SM (CLSM) intervention on the extent of community engagement and performance of polio vaccination campaigns during the post-polio-endemic period (i.e., from March 2012 to September 2017). Methods:This study followed a quasi-experimental design. We used secondary, cluster-level data from CGPP India’s Management Information System, including 52 SIAs held from January 2008 to September 2017 in 56 blocks, covering 12 districts of U.P. We computed various indicators and performed Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) based analysis to assess the statistical difference. We then estimated the effects of the SM intervention, using Interrupted time-series, Difference-in-Differences and Synthetic Control Methods. Also, estimated the population influenced by the intervention. Results:The performance of polio vaccination campaigns changed over time, with the intervention areas having better outcomes than non-intervention areas. The absence of community-level SM Net intervention during the post-polio-endemic period would have negatively impacted booth coverage, X-to-P conversion rate, Refusal-to-Acceptor conversion of intervention areas to 14.1 (range: 12.7 to 15.5), 6.3 (range: 5.2 to 7.3) and 7.4 percentage points, respectively. Community engagement would have reduced by 7.2 (range: 6.6 to 7.7) percentage points. The study guesstimated that the intervention averted at least 43 (range: 40 to 47) paralytic polio cases annually from the intervention areas, during the post-polio-endemic period. Conclusions:The absence of CLSM intervention would have significantly decreased the level of community engagement and negatively impacted the performance of polio SIAs of the post-polio-endemic period. The study provides evidence of an added-value of additional human resources dedicated to social mobilization to achieve desired vaccination outcomes in hard-to-reach or programmatically challenging areas.
Respectful maternity care: Disconnect between perspectives and practices of midwives from a referral hospital in Kampala, Uganda.
Authors: Andru Monicah , Olwit Connie , Osingada Charles Peter , Nabisere Allen , Ayebare Elizabeth , Mbalinda Scovia Nalugo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Disrespectful and undignified care during childbirth is a global challenge, particularly in less developed countries. Despite the increase in health facility births, women continue to suffer from disrespect and abuse during childbirth. This practice counters the efforts to encourage women to deliver in health facilities by a skilled birth attendant as a strategy to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. The purpose of the study was to explore midwives' understanding of respectful maternity care and observe how their practice conforms to this concept. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study combining one-on-one interviews and observation methods of data collection. In-depth interviews were conducted with 17 midwives and 20 observations were done. Audio-recorded data were later transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the content analysis method. Observation data was summarized into a table 2 below.Results: Midwives understood respectful maternity care (RMC) as treating women with respect, dignity, politeness, providing information to clients, and ensuring privacy and confidentiality. However, there was a discrepancy between their understanding of RMC and what they practiced. They also lacked an in-depth understanding of the domains of RMC. Conclusion: There is a need to strengthen midwife's knowledge and skills to enable them to provide respectful maternity services. We recommend in-service training and mentoring to equip midwives with knowledge and skills to offer RMC. Also, RMC should be integrated into pre-service curricula for midwifery and nursing training in Uganda. Furthermore, efforts should be put in to strengthen health systems, and support healthcare providers to provide RMC. More research is needed into locally relevant solutions to promote respectful maternity care.
Association of Coenzyme Q10 with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Ma Linjuan , Li Xiaojun , Li Chunming , Chen Peiqiong , Lan Yibing , Huang Yizhou , Xu Wenxian , Zhou Jianhong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and the risk of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).MethodsIn this cross-sectional case-control study, 32 women with POI and 58 women with normal menstrual cycles were recruited. The serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), CoQ10 and total cholesterol were measured. The association of CoQ10 with POI was assessed using binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe CoQ10/total cholesterol ratio was significantly lower in the women with POI than in the women with normal menstrual cycles (120.94 ± 25.35 nmol/mmol vs 138.97 ± 39.19 nmol/mmol, P = 0.021). The serum CoQ10/total cholesterol ratio was inversely associated with POI (the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.984, 95% CI: 0.970 - 0.998, P = 0.027). The same trend was found after adjusting for confounding factors (such as age, body mass index, annual household income and education) (OR = 0.976, 95% CI: 0.956 - 0.996, P = 0.020).Conclusions﻿The serum CoQ10/total cholesterol ratio was inversely associated with POI, indicating that antioxidant deficiency may be a risk associated with the development of POI. CoQ10 may be a protective factor for ovarian tissue.
Conquering Hypertension in Vietnam- Solutions at Grassroots Level: Study Protocol of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ha Duc , Tran Oanh , Nguyen Hoa , Goldberg Robert , Chiriboga German , Phan Van , Nguyen Cuc , Nguyen Giang , Pham Hien , Nguyen Thang , Le Thanh , Allison Jeroan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Vietnam has been experiencing an epidemiologic transition to that of a lower-middle income country with an increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases. The key risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are either on the rise or at alarming levels in Vietnam, particularly hypertension (HTN). Inasmuch, the burden of CVD will continue to increase in the Vietnamese population unless effective prevention and control measures are put in place. The objectives of the proposed project are to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of two multi-faceted community and clinic-based strategies on the control of elevated blood pressure (BP) among adults in Vietnam via a cluster-randomized trial design. MethodsSixteen communities will be randomized to either an intervention (8 communities) or comparison group (8 communities). Eligible and consenting adult study participants with HTN (n = 680) will be assigned to intervention/comparison status based on the community in which they reside. Both comparison and intervention groups will receive a multi-level intervention modeled after the Vietnam National Hypertension Program including education and practice change modules for health care providers, accessible reading materials for patients, and a multi-media community awareness program. In addition, the intervention group only will receive three carefully selected enhancements integrated into routine clinical care: (1) expanded community health worker services; (2) home BP self-monitoring; and (3) a “storytelling intervention”, which consists of interactive, literacy-appropriate, and culturally sensitive multimedia storytelling modules for motivating behavior change through the power of patients speaking in their own voices. The storytelling intervention will be delivered by DVDs with serial installments at baseline and at 3, 6, and 9 months after trial enrollment. Changes in BP will be assessed in both groups at several follow-up time points. Implementation outcomes will be assessed as well.DiscussionResults from this full-scale trial will provide health policy makers with practical evidence on how to combat a key risk factor for CVD using a feasible, sustainable, and cost-effective intervention that could be used as a national program for controlling HTN in Vietnam.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration number: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03590691 (registration date July 17, 2018).Protocol version: 6. Date: 08/15/2019
Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among men who have sex with men who have not tested for HIV: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil
Authors: Magno Laio , Leal Andrea Fachel , Knauth Daniela , Dourado Ines , Guimarães Mark Guimarães Drew Crosland , Santana Elis Passos , Jordão Tiago , Rocha Gustavo Machado , Veras Maria Amélia , Kendall Carl , Pontes Alexandre Kerr , Brito Ana Maria , Kerr Ligia , Group The Brazilian HIV/MSM Surveillance 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Brazil has many people living with HIV (PLWH) who are unaware of their serostatus. The public health system has recently added HIV self-testing (HIVST) for key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). This study estimates HIVST acceptability among Brazilian MSM and explores factors associated with acceptability among MSM who have never tested for HIV or who had a previous negative result.Methods: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit 4,176 MSM in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016 to this biological and behavioral surveillance study. We excluded from this analysis all MSM who were aware of their positive HIV serostatus. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Overall proportions were weighted with Gile’s estimator in RDS Analyst software and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The analyses of HIVST acceptability were stratified by prior HIV testing (never or one or more times).Results: For this analysis, 3,605 MSM were included. The acceptability of HIVST was 49.1%, lower among those had never tested for HIV (42.7%) compared to those who had a previous HIV negative test (50.1%). In the subgroup of MSM who had never tested for HIV, those who reported discrimination or who had a medical appointment in the last 12 months reported higher HIVST acceptability. Among MSM who had a previous negative HIV test, only those reporting condomless receptive anal sex reported higher HIVST acceptability. In addition, we observed that high levels of knowledge of HIV/AIDS, taking part in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender nongovernmental organizations (LGBT-NGO), or complete secondary or incomplete higher undergraduate education reported higher acceptability. Conclusions: The acceptability of HIVST was low among MSM, especially among those who never tested for HIV. Given access to HIVST in Brazil, we point to the need for programs that enhance promotion of testing addressed to MSM.
Risk models and scores for metabolic syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Ibrahim Musa Saulawa , Pang Dong , Pappas Yannis , Randhawa Gurch 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome - ‘a clustering of risk factors which includes hypertension, central obesity, impaired glucose metabolism with insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia’ is linked with increased risk of CVD, T2DM and all-cause mortality. Despite the high number of models and scores for assessing the risk of developing MetS, there is hardly any used in research or practical setting. Hence, we conducted a systematic review to determine the performance of risk models and scores for predicting MetS.Methods: Following the methods proposed by EPPI-Centre, we systematically searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PUBMED and Web of Science to identify studies that either derive or validate risk models or scores for predicting the risk of MetS. Search was originally done in September 2018 and updated in September 2020. Data concerning models’ statistical properties as well as details of internal or external validations were extracted. Tables were used to compare various components of models and statistical properties. Finally, PROBAST was used to assess the methodological quality (risk of bias) of included studies.Results: A total of 27 studies reporting about the development, validation or both of MetS risk models were included. There is significant heterogeneity between studies in terms of geography/demographics, data type and methodological approach. Majority of the models or risk scores were developed or validated using data from cross-sectional studies, or routine data. Various combinations of risk factors (predictors) were considered significant in the respective final model. Similarly, different criteria were used in the diagnosis of MetS, but, NCEP criteria including its modified versions were by far the most widely used (32.5%). There is generally poor reporting quality across the studies, especially concerning statistical data. Any form of internal validation is either not conducted, or not reported in nearly a fifth of the studies. Only two (2) risk models or scores were externally validatedConclusions: There is an abundance of MetS models in the literature. But, their usefulness is doubtful, due to limitations in methodology, poor reporting and lack of external validation and impact studies. Therefore, researchers in the future should focus more on externally validating/ applying such models in a different setting.Protocol:The protocol of this study can be found at https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/9/e027326PROSPERO registration number CRD42019139326