bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing leadership through translating im/politeness
Authors: Skrempou Natalia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The use of im/politeness in political discourse has attracted relatively little attention in im/politeness
scholarship (Tracy 2017). The study examines how the character of a leader may be
intra-/cross-culturally reshaped, in translated drama, through the use of im/politeness strategies. To this end, the study
examines the use of im/politeness strategies in two Greek versions (Belies 1997; Karthaios 2004) of William Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar. Etic and
emic approaches to the data show differences in the way the character of Brutus is portrayed, by the translators’ manipulating
im/politeness strategies in his discourse. The study uses the ‘horizontal’ dimension of intimacy/distance and the ‘vertical’
dimension of power (Spencer-Oatey 1996) to show that the first translation (Karthaios 2004) shows Brutus to be making use of a less impressive persuasive strategy
when addressing the public, the second translation (Belies 1997) seems to show Brutus’
potential to express intimacy towards the public, which made the persuasive force of his discourse more convincing. The study
shows that im/politeness is a significant tool in the hands of translators who shape the identity of the leader and that
translated versions of a playtext can fruitfully show preferred patterns of behaviour which may be pointing to cultural patterns
of interaction.
Neural network approximated Bayesian inference of edge electron density profiles at JET
Authors: Pavone A , Svensson J , Kwak S , Brix M , Wolf R C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A neural network (NN) has been trained on the inference of the edge electron density profiles from measurements of the JET lithium beam emission spectroscopy (Li-BES) diagnostic. The novelty of the approach resides in the fact that the network has been trained to be a fast surrogate model of an existing Bayesian model of the diagnostic implemented within the Minerva framework. Previous work showed the very first application of this method to an x-ray imaging diagnostic at the W7-X experiment, and it was argued that the method was general enough that it may be applied to different physics systems. Here, we try to show that the claim made there is valid. What makes the approach general and versatile is the common definition of different models within the same framework. The network is tested on data measured during several different pulses and the predictions compared to the results obtained with the full model Bayesian inference. The NN analysis only requires tens of microseconds on a GPU compared to the tens of minutes long full inference. Finally, in relation to what was presented in the previous work, we demonstrate an improvement in the method of calculation of the network uncertainties, achieved by using a state-of-the-art deep learning technique based on a variational inference interpretation of the network training. The advantage of this calculation resides in the fact that it relies on fewer assumptions, and no extra computation time is required besides the conventional network evaluation time. This allows estimating the uncertainties also in real time applications.
An energy-flexible mechanism for qPCR thermal cycling using shape memory alloys
Authors: Snodgrass Ryan , McCloskey Duncan , Benecke Paul , Erickson David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present a mechanism for thermal cycling that does not require electricity; instead, the device functions as a heat engine and requires only a generic heat source and a shape memory alloy (SMA) spring. The SMA spring mechanically translates to a low-temperature reservoir when heated, and the subsequent cooling of the spring causes translation back to a high-temperature reservoir. The usefulness of the mechanism is displayed by performing the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), an important biological assay that requires thermal cycling for amplification of nucleic acids. The ability to perform qPCR with a generic heat source enables a variety of significant health diagnostic tests to be performed in resource limited settings, where electricity access may not be available or reliable. We demonstrate robust thermal cycling using a direct flame, sunlight, and electricity as heat sources, with maximum heating and cooling rates of 4.4 °C s−1 and −2.7 °C s−1, respectively.
Role of vegetated coastal ecosystems as nitrogen and phosphorous filters and sinks in the coasts of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Saderne V , Cusack M , Serrano O , Almahasheer H , Krishnakumar P K , Rabaoui L , Qurban M A , Duarte C M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Vegetated coastal ecosystems along the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf coasts of Saudi Arabia thrive in an extremely arid and oligotrophic environment, with high seawater temperatures and salinity. Mangrove, seagrass and saltmarsh ecosystems have been shown to act as efficient sinks of sediment organic carbon, earning these vegetated ecosystems the moniker ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems. However, their role as nitrogen and phosphorus (N and P) sinks remains poorly understood. In this study, we examine the capacity of blue carbon ecosystems to trap and store nitrogen and phosphorous in their sediments in the central Red Sea and Arabian Gulf. We estimated the N and P stocks (in 0.2 m thick-sediments) and accumulation rates (for the last century based on 210Pb and for the last millennia based on 14C) in mangrove, seagrass and saltmarsh sediments from eight locations along the coast of Saudi Arabia (81 cores in total). The N and P stocks contained in the top 20 cm sediments ranged from 61 g N m−2 in Red Sea seagrass to 265 g N m−2 in the Gulf saltmarshes and from 70 g P m−2 in Red Sea seagrass meadows and mangroves to 58 g P m−2 in the Gulf saltmarshes. The short-term N and P accumulation rates ranged from 0.09 mg N cm−2 yr−1 in Red Sea seagrass to 0.38 mg N cm−2 yr−1 in Gulf mangrove, and from 0.027 mg P cm−2 yr−1 in the Gulf seagrass to 0.092 mg P cm−2 yr−1 in Red Sea mangroves. Short-term N and P accumulation rates were up to 10-fold higher than long-term accumulation rates, highlighting increasing sequestration of N and P over the past century, likely due to anthropogenic activities such as coastal development and wastewater inputs.
Unmasking secondary vegetation dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Nunes Sâmia , Oliveira Luis , Siqueira João , Morton Douglas C , Souza Carlos M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Secondary vegetation (SV) from land abandonment is a common transition phase between agricultural uses following tropical deforestation. The impact of SV on carbon sequestration and habitat fragmentation across tropical forest frontiers therefore depends on SV dynamics and demographics. Here, we used time series of annual MapBiomas land cover data to generate the first estimates of SV extent, age, and net carbon uptake in the Brazilian Amazon between 1985 and 2017. SV increased over time, totaling 12 Mha in 2017, 44% of which was ≤5 years old. Between 1988 and 2017, 19.6 Mha of SV was cleared, adding 45.5% to the area of primary deforestation detected by the Brazilian monitoring system (PRODES). Rates of SV loss have exceeded PRODES deforestation since 2011. Based on the age and extent of gains and losses, SV was a small net carbon sink during this period (8.9 Tg C yr−1). As SV is not formally protected by national environmental legislation or monitored by PRODES, long-term benefits from SV in the Brazilian Amazon remain uncertain.
Universal eigenvector correlations in quaternionic Ginibre ensembles
Authors: Akemann Gernot , Förster Yanik-Pascal , Kieburg Mario 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Non-Hermitian random matrices enjoy non-trivial correlations in the statistics of their eigenvectors. We study the overlap among left and right eigenvectors in Ginibre ensembles with quaternion valued Gaussian matrix elements. This concept was introduced by Chalker and Mehlig in the complex Ginibre ensemble. Using a Schur decomposition, for harmonic potentials we can express the overlap in terms of complex eigenvalues only, coming in conjugate pairs in this symmetry class. Its expectation value leads to a Pfaffian determinant, for which we explicitly compute the matrix elements for the induced Ginibre ensemble with

zero eigenvalues, for finite matrix size N. In the macroscopic large-N limit in the bulk of the spectrum we recover the limiting expressions of the complex Ginibre ensemble for the diagonal and off-diagonal overlap, which are thus universal.
Effect of grain refinement on biodegradation and biomineralization of low calcium containing Mg–Ca alloy
Authors: Shishir R , Rahim Shebeer A , Hanas T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The biodegradability and mechanical properties of magnesium make it suitable for temporary implant applications. However, its degradation rate in the physiological environment needs to be controlled. The effect of grain refinement on the degradation rate in the physiological environment is investigated in this work. Samples with different grain size were developed by heat treatment and friction stir processing (FSP) techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization test in NaCl solution and immersion test in supersaturated simulated body fluid (SSBF) were conducted to evaluate the degradation resistance of the samples. The effect of grain refinement on biomineralization was also studied by analysing the surface morphology and composition of the immersion tested samples using SEM and EDAX. It is noted that the grain refinement improves the degradation resistance as well as biomineralization. The enhancement in the biomineralization resulted in the development of a calcium phosphate layer on the surface during the immersion test, which in turn reduced the degradation rate further. Hence grain refinement can be used as an effective metallurgical modification technique to tailor the degradation rate of Mg–Ca alloys in the physiological environment.
Wafer-scale transfer-free process of multi-layered graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Ricciardella Filiberto , Vollebregt Sten , Boshuizen Bart , Danzl F J K , Cesar Ilkay , Spinelli Pierpaolo , Sarro Pasqualina Maria 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) has emerged as the dominant technique to combine high quality with large scale production of graphene. The key challenge for CVD graphene remains the transfer of the film from the growth substrate to the target substrate while preserving the quality of the material. Avoiding the transfer process of single or multi-layered graphene (SLG-MLG) has recently garnered much more interest. Here we report an original method to obtain a 4-inch wafer fully covered by MLG without any transfer step from the growth substrate. We prove that the MLG is completely released on the oxidized silicon wafer. A hydrogen peroxide solution is used to etch the molybdenum layer, used as a catalyst for the MLG growth via CVD. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy proves that the layer of Mo is etched away and no residues of Mo are trapped beneath MLG. Terahertz transmission near-field imaging as well as Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy show the homogeneity of the MLG film on the entire wafer after the Mo layer etch. These results mark a significant step forward for numerous applications of SLG-MLG on wafer scale, ranging from micro/nano-fabrication to solar cells technology.
Witnesses of non-classicality for simulated hybrid quantum systems
Authors: Bhole G , Jones J A , Marletto C , Vedral V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The task of testing whether quantum theory applies to all physical systems and all scales requires considering situations where a quantum probe interacts with another system that need not obey quantum theory in full. Important examples include the cases where a quantum mass probes the gravitational field, for which a unique quantum theory of gravity does not yet exist, or a quantum field, such as light, interacts with a macroscopic system, such as a biological molecule, which may or may not obey unitary quantum theory. In this context a class of experiments has recently been proposed, where the non-classicality of a physical system that need not obey quantum theory (the gravitational field) can be tested indirectly by detecting whether or not the system is capable of entangling two quantum probes. Here we illustrate some of the subtleties of the argument, to do with the role of locality of interactions and of non-classicality, and perform proof-of-principle experiments illustrating the logic of the proposals, using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance quantum computational platform with four qubits.
Risk Perceptions and Safety Cultures in the Handling of Nanomaterials in Academia and Industry
Authors: Kirkegaard Marie Louise , Kines Pete , Jeschke Katharina Christiane , Jensen Keld Alstrup 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Work and research with nanomaterials (NMs) has primarily focused on innovation, toxicity, governance, safety management tools, and public perceptions. The aim of this study was to identify academia and industry occupational safety and health (OSH) managers’ perceptions and handling of NMs, in relation to safety culture.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were carried out with OSH managers at six academic institutions and six industrial companies. The interview statements were coded into five topics regarding NMs: risk comprehension, information gathering, actions, communication, and compliance. The statements were then coded according to a five-step safety culture maturity model reflecting increasing occupational safety maturity from passive, to reactive, active, proactive, and exemplary occupational safety.

Results
The safety culture maturity of the academic institutions were primarily active and proactive, whereas the industry group were primarily active and reactive. None of the statements were rated as exemplary, with the majority reflecting an active safety culture. The topics varied from a passive approach of having no focus on NMs and regarding risks as a part of the job, to applying proactive measures in the design, production, application, and waste management phases. Communication and introduction to OSH issues regarding NMs as well as compliance provided challenges in both academia and industry, given the increasing cultural and linguistic diversity of students/staff and employees. Workplace leaders played a crucial role in establishing a legitimate approach to working safely with NMs, however, the currently available OSH information for NMs were described as insufficient, impractical, and inaccessible. There was an embedded problem in solely relying on safety data sheets, which were often not nanospecific, as this may have led to underprotection.

Conclusions
There is a need for more structured, up-to-date, easily accessible, and user-friendly tools and information regarding toxicity and threshold limit values, relevant OSH promotion information, legislation, and other rules. The study underscores the need for politicians and engineers to collaborate with communication experts and both natural and social scientists in effectively framing information on NMs. Such a collaboration should allow for flexible deployment of multilevel and integrated safety culture initiatives to support sustainable nanotechnology and operational excellence.
Coupled matrix–matrix and coupled tensor–matrix completion methods for predicting drug–target interactions
Authors: Bagherian Maryam , Kim Renaid B , Jiang Cheng , Sartor Maureen A , Derksen Harm , Najarian Kayvan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Predicting the interactions between drugs and targets plays an important role in the process of new drug discovery, drug repurposing (also known as drug repositioning). There is a need to develop novel and efficient prediction approaches in order to avoid the costly and laborious process of determining drug–target interactions (DTIs) based on experiments alone. These computational prediction approaches should be capable of identifying the potential DTIs in a timely manner. Matrix factorization methods have been proven to be the most reliable group of methods. Here, we first propose a matrix factorization-based method termed ‘Coupled Matrix–Matrix Completion’ (CMMC). Next, in order to utilize more comprehensive information provided in different databases and incorporate multiple types of scores for drug–drug similarities and target–target relationship, we then extend CMMC to ‘Coupled Tensor–Matrix Completion’ (CTMC) by considering drug–drug and target–target similarity/interaction tensors. Results: Evaluation on two benchmark datasets, DrugBank and TTD, shows that CTMC outperforms the matrix-factorization-based methods: GRMF, $L_{2,1}$-GRMF, NRLMF and NRLMF$\beta $. Based on the evaluation, CMMC and CTMC outperform the above three methods in term of area under the curve, F1 score, sensitivity and specificity in a considerably shorter run time.
Acute interstitial nephritis due to sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin
Authors: Ryan Rebecca , Choo Stephanie , Willows Jamie , Walker Julie , Prasad Kolanu , Tez Didem 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Biopsy-proven acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) secondary to sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors has not been described previously. Here, we report on the management of a patient with severe acute kidney injury that developed 6 weeks after starting empagliflozin. The cause was confirmed as AIN on renal biopsy. Our patient recovered, without the need for dialysis, with discontinuation of empagliflozin and corticosteroid treatment. This novel clinical observation is likely to occur more frequently as these drugs are increasingly being prescribed, given that recent randomized controlled trials including EMPA-REG (Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes) showed SGLT2 inhibitors can decrease cardiovascular mortality, among other benefits, in high-risk diabetic populations.
RA-map: building a state-of-the-art interactive knowledge base for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Singh Vidisha , Kalliolias George D , Ostaszewski Marek , Veyssiere Maëva , Pilalis Eleftherios , Gawron Piotr , Mazein Alexander , Bonnet Eric , Petit-Teixeira Elisabeth , Niarakis Anna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive, inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. The complex mechanism of aetiopathogenesis, progress and chronicity of the disease involves genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying disease phenotypes, one has to place implicated factors in their functional context. However, integration and organization of such data in a systematic manner remains a challenging task. Molecular maps are widely used in biology to provide a useful and intuitive way of depicting a variety of biological processes and disease mechanisms. Recent large-scale collaborative efforts such as the Disease Maps Project demonstrate the utility of such maps as versatile tools to organize and formalize disease-specific knowledge in a comprehensive way, both human and machine-readable. We present a systematic effort to construct a fully annotated, expert validated, state-of-the-art knowledge base for RA in the form of a molecular map. The RA map illustrates molecular and signalling pathways implicated in the disease. Signal transduction is depicted from receptors to the nucleus using the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) standard representation. High-quality manual curation, use of only human-specific studies and focus on small-scale experiments aim to limit false positives in the map. The state-of-the-art molecular map for RA, using information from 353 peer-reviewed scientific publications, comprises 506 species, 446 reactions and 8 phenotypes. The species in the map are classified to 303 proteins, 61 complexes, 106 genes, 106 RNA entities, 2 ions and 7 simple molecules. The RA map is available online at ramap.elixir-luxembourg.org as an open-access knowledge base allowing for easy navigation and search of molecular pathways implicated in the disease. Furthermore, the RA map can serve as a template for omics data visualization.
Coronary arteritis: a case series
Authors: Kikuchi Shinnosuke , Okada Kozo , Hibi Kiyoshi , Maejima Nobuhiko , Yabu Naoto , Uchida Keiji , Tamura Kouichi , Kimura Kazuo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The present article describes two cases of patients with coronary arteritis (CA) whose identification of CA diagnosis (late vs. early) resulted in different clinical courses and outcomes.

Case summary
Case 1 is a 53-year-old woman with multiple coronary risk factors who was admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and significant stenosis in the left main trunk (LMT). Although clues suggested arteritis (LMT lesion without any other stenosis, occlusion of left internal thoracic artery, etc.), the diagnosis of CA (coronary involvement of unclassified arteritis) was delayed and revascularization, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), was performed under uncontrolled inflammatory status. As a result, Case 1 experienced repeated ACS episodes due to graft failure and in-stent restenosis, and repeatedly underwent PCI. Case 2 is a 76-year-old woman with no significant coronary risk factors who was admitted with ACS. This patient was successfully diagnosed with coronary involvement of Takayasu arteritis before revascularization. Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed after stabilizing inflammation with prednisolone, and the patient remains angina-free beyond 1-year post-CABG. In both cases, intravascular imaging clearly identified the localization and degree of inflammation related to CA by demonstrating specific findings (ambiguous typical three-layer structure of arterial wall and extended low-echoic areas within adventitia).

Discussion
Accurate and early diagnosis with meticulous diagnostic and therapeutic strategies appear to be important for favourable clinical outcomes in the medical treatment of patients with coronary involvement of arteritis. Intravascular imaging has the potential to contribute to optimizing clinical management of CA.
A case report of capillary leak syndrome with recurrent pericardial and pleural effusions
Authors: Khan Habib R , Khan Saima , Srikanth Asha , Smith William H T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) is a rare connective tissue disease, triggered by the leak of serous fluid into the interstitial spaces, characterized by a hallmark of oedema and effusions in confined spaces. The limiting factor in CLS management appears to be its diagnosis rather than treatment, which is usually to contain the disease progression rather than a cure.

Case summary
We report a case of a 51-year-old woman with recurrent life-threatening presentations of pericardial effusions, pleural effusions, and generalized swelling of face and extremities. The only notable past medical history was of Type 1 diabetes. Numerous investigations did not lead to specific disease accounting for pericardial effusions and pleural effusions. Eventually, the diagnosis of CLS was made based on hypovolaemic shock, hypoalbuminaemia, and haemoconcentration without the presence of albuminuria. She was managed with steroids to reduce system inflammation and later with immunoglobulins and tumour necrosis factor to contain the disease process. Since her diagnosis and subsequent appropriate management, she has not had further admissions with cardiac tamponade 16 months of follow-up.

Discussion
The diagnosis of CLS is difficult to make unless there is a high degree of suspicion and until other causes have been ruled out. It remains a challenging condition to manage as the treatment options are limited and patients recurrently present with emergencies until the correct diagnosis is made and the optimal treatment is provided.