bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Various Ages of Recycled Material in the Source of Cenozoic Basalts in SE China: Implications for the Role of the Hainan Plume
Authors: Li Yan-Qing , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Nakamura Eizo , Ma Changqian , Hu Xiangyun , Kobayashi Katsura , Sakaguchi Chie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSubduction processes introduce crustal materials into the mantle, and mantle plumes return them to the surface. However, when and how the subducted materials were recorded in the plume-related basalts remains unclear. Here we investigate geochronology, bulk-rock composition, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes of Cenozoic basalts from Southeast China, occurring near the west Pacific subduction zone and the seismically detected Hainan plume. Volcanism beginning in the late Oligocene in the continental margin of SE China consistently becomes younger landward. Together with a compilation of published results on the synchronous basalts from the South China Sea seamounts and the Indochina peninsula, the volcanoes close to the Pacific subduction zone exhibit more radiogenic Pb and Sr isotopes associated with less radiogenic Nd isotopes compared with those of the inland volcanoes. Such spatiotemporal variations in radiogenic isotopes imply oceanic crusts of different ages in the source, each corresponding to a different geographical volcanic belt. Major-element features such as low CaO, high TiO2 and high Fe/Mn ratios imply that pyroxenite/eclogite could serve as a source lithology of the SE China basalts. Specific trace-element signatures reveal the important roles of recycled oceanic crust along with surface sediment, which was inconsistently dehydrated during subduction. A geologically, geochemically, and geophysically plausible scenario is proposed to illustrate the time–space–source correlation of the late Cenozoic basaltic lavas in SE Asia. The Hainan plume delivered the ancient subducted crust (1·5 Ga) from the core–mantle boundary and, subsequently, the subducted Pacific plate crustal materials from the mantle transition zone to the shallow mantle as a result of mantle convection induced by continuous subduction of the Pacific plate. Such recycled materials of different ages contributed to the geographical compositional heterogeneities of the late Cenozoic basaltic lavas in SE Asia.
An Adapted Chronic Constriction Injury of the Sciatic Nerve Produces Sensory, Affective, and Cognitive Impairments: A Peripheral Mononeuropathy Model for the Study of Comorbid Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Neuropathic Pain in Rats
Authors: Medeiros Priscila , dos Santos Ieda Regina , Júnior Ivair Matias , Palazzo Enza , da Silva José Aparecido , Machado Hélio Rubens , Ferreira Sérgio Henrique , Maione Sabatino , Coimbra Norberto Cysne , de Freitas Renato Leonardo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Chronic constriction injury (CCI) is a model of neuropathic pain induced by four loose ligatures around the sciatic nerve. This work aimed to investigate the sensory, affective, cognitive, and motor changes induced by an adaptation of the CCI model by applying a single ligature around the sciatic nerve.

Methods
Mechanical allodynia was measured from day 1 to day 28 postsurgery by the von Frey test. The beam walking test (BWT) was conducted weekly until 28 days after surgery. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and cognitive performance were assessed through the open field (OF), forced swimming (FS), and novel object recognition (NOR) tests, respectively, 21 days after surgery.

Results
The two CCI models, both Bennett and Xie’s model (four ligatures of the sciatic nerve) and a modification of it (one ligature), induced mechanical allodynia, increased immobility in the FS, and reduced recognition index in the NOR. The exploratory behavior and time spent in the central part of the arena decreased, while the defensive behavior increased in the OF. The animals subjected to the two CCI models showed motor alterations in the BWT; however, autotomy was observed only in the group with four ligatures and not in the group with a single ligature.

Conclusions
Overall these results demonstrate that our adapted CCI model, using a single ligature around the sciatic nerve, induces sensory, affective, cognitive, and motor alterations comparable to the CCI model with four ligatures without generating autotomy. This adaptation to the CCI model may therefore represent an appropriate and more easily performed model for inducing neuropathic pain and study underlying mechanisms and effective treatments.
A classical density functional theory model for fragility in the hard-sphere limit
Authors: Mondal Arijit , Das Shankar P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We study, using the classical density functional theory (DFT), the fragility and short-time elastic constants of a soft-sphere liquid. For the amorphous state, the order parameter is the inhomogeneous density function $\rho({\bf r})$ which is described in terms of Gaussian density profiles centered on a set random lattice points $\{{\bf R}_i\}$. The latter is characterized in terms of the Bernel pair function $g_\mathrm{B}(r)$. Based on the Adam–Gibbs-type relation between the $\alpha$ relaxation time $\tau_\alpha$ and the configurational entropy $\mathcal{S}_{\rm c}$, a thermodynamic fragility $m_\mathrm{T}$ for the liquid is defined. The concentration or average density of the liquid is treated as the control parameter here instead of temperature. The configurational entropy of the liquid is calculated using the DFT model. Variations in the short-range structure of the amorphous state are made with different choices for the value of $g_\mathrm{B}(r)$ at short distances, and its implications on the correlation between fragility $m_\mathrm{T}$ and the softness index $n$ are studied. The dependence of Poisson’s ratio $\nu$ on the softness index $n$ of the interaction potential is also obtained from the density dependence of the metastable state free energy. The correlation between $m_\mathrm{T}$ and $\nu$ follows.
Plant communities responding to grazing pressure by sheep in an Alpine meadow
Authors: Wu Jianping , Gong Xuyin , Yao Xixi , Casper David P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Chinese grassland ecosystem is an important national asset that not only impacts climate regulation, soil and water conservation, wind protection, and soil carbon and nitrogen fixation but is also an important contributor to maintaining grassland biodiversity while supporting livestock production. Grasslands are a key component contributing to the productivity of grazing animals but also provide basic food production via livestock grazing for herder survival. Grazing is the most basic means of grassland utilization but is considered one of the more important disturbance factors controllable by humans that has a universal and profound impact on the grassland ecosystem due to animal density and over grazing. For Alpine grasslands, it is not clear what grazing intensity (GI) can be achieved to improve plant biodiversity and vegetative nutritional value while improving sheep productivity. This field experiment was conducted for 7 yr comparing the impact of different GI on vegetation community characteristics, nutritional value, and sheep growth performance on the Alpine meadows of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. The GI measured were: Control: 0 sheep/ha; Low: 3.7 sheep/ha; Medium: 5.3 sheep/ha; and Heavy: 7.6 sheep/ha. The grazing experiment started in 2008, but experimental data collection and analyses were collected for the final 4 yr of 2015 through 2018. All grazing intensities &gt;0 sheep/ha reduced (P &lt; 0.05) plant height (27%, 46%, and 48%, respectively, for 3.7, 5.3, and 7.6 sheep/ha), ground coverage (16%, 24%, and 48%), and above ground biomass (2%, 42% and 53%) of the various plant communities while increasing (P &lt; 0.05) the grass community density (individuals/m2) compared to a nongrazed Control. With increasing GI, the community height, coverage, and above-ground biomass decreased (P &lt; 0.05), and the plant community density increased then decreased (P &lt; 0.05) compared to Control. As GI increased, the available community biomass nutritional quality increased (P &lt; 0.05). Comprehensive analysis showed that the community density (quantity) and nutritional quality were the highest when the GI was 5.3 sheep/ha. The higher the GI, the greater the grass’s nutritive value with lower above-ground net primary production (ANPP). When GI was the highest, the average daily gain (ADG) per hectare was the highest in the short term, but the highest GI endangers the ANPP and profitability of the grassland grazing ecosystem in the long term. Targeting a moderate GI (5.3 sheep/ha) can provide 78% of the ADG per hectare of the highest GI, which meets the requirement of maintaining a sustainable grazing grassland.
Bisexuality, Multiple-Gender-Attraction, and Gay Liberation Politics in the 1970s
Authors: Robinson Rhodes Martha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Histories of the British Gay Liberation Front (GLF) portray it as radical and inclusive, seeking alliances with counter-cultural groups, and as an early proponent of the concept of ‘queer’. However, its radical politics relied on a binary division between ‘gay’ and ‘straight’ that associated different-gender attraction with regressive politics and could not accommodate bisexuality or attraction to multiple genders. This article compares GLF’s approach to bisexuality and multiple-gender-attraction with that of the more ‘moderate’ Campaign for Homosexual Equality (C.H.E.) during the 1970s. Initially, C.H.E. was more accepting, although this declined over the course of the decade as it, too, became more associated with liberationist politics. Attention to bisexuality and attraction to multiple genders during this period therefore challenges historical narratives about the ‘queer’ inclusivity of gay liberation and of 1970s radical politics more generally.
Self-learning drift control of automated vehicles beyond handling limit after rear-end collision
Authors: Yin Yuming , Li Shengbo Eben , Li Keqiang , Yang Jue , Ma Fei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Vehicles involved in traffic accidents generally experience divergent vehicle motion, which causes severe damage. This paper presents a self-learning drift-control method for the purpose of stabilizing a vehicle's yaw motions after a high-speed rear-end collision. The struck vehicle generally experiences substantial drifting and/or spinning after the collision, which is beyond the handling limit and difficult to control. Drift control of the struck vehicle along the original lane was investigated. The rear-end collision was treated as a set of impact forces, and the three-dimensional non-linear dynamic responses of the vehicle were considered in the drift control. A multi-layer perception neural network was trained as a deterministic control policy using the actor-critic reinforcement learning framework. The control policy was iteratively updated, initiating from a random parameterized policy. The results show that the self-learning controller gained the ability to eliminate unstable vehicle motion after data-driven training of about 60,000 iterations. The controlled struck vehicle was also able to drift back to its original lane in a variety of rear-end collision scenarios, which could significantly reduce the risk of a second collision in traffic.
Language Matters: It Is Time We Change How We Talk About Addiction and its Treatment
Authors: Zgierska Aleksandra E. , Miller Michael M. , Rabago David P. , Hilliard Florence , McCarthy Patty , Cowan Penney , Salsitz Edwin A. 
Published: June 2020

The way we communicate about addiction, its treatment, and treatment outcomes matters to individuals affected by addiction, their families, and communities.
Stigmatizing language can worsen addiction-related stigma and outcomes. Although non-professional terminology may be used by individuals with addiction, the role of clinicians, educators, researchers, policymakers, and community and cultural leaders is to actively work toward destigmatization of addiction and its treatment, in part through the use of non-stigmatizing language. Role-modeling better approaches can help us move away from the inaccurate, outdated view of addiction as a character flaw or moral failing deserving of punishment, and toward that of a chronic disease requiring long-term treatment. Non-stigmatizing, non-judgmental, medically-based terminology and the adoption of person-first language can facilitate improved communication as well as patient access to and engagement with addiction care. Person-first language, which shifts away from defining a person through the lens of disease (eg, the term “a person with addiction” is recommended over the terms “addict” or “addicted patient”), implicitly acknowledges that a patient's life extends beyond a given disease. While such linguistic changes may seem subtle, they communicate that addiction, chronic pain and other diseases are only one aspect of a person's health and quality of life, and can promote therapeutic relationships, reduce stigma and health and disparities in addiction care. This article provides examples of stigmatizing terms to be avoided and recommended replacements to facilitate the dialogue about addiction in a more intentional, therapeutic manner.
Feeding Behaviors in Infants With Prenatal Opioid Exposure
Authors: McGlothen-Bell Kelly , Cleveland Lisa , Recto Pamela , Brownell Elizabeth , McGrath Jacqueline 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Oral feeding is one of the most complex maturational skills of infancy. Difficulties with feeding require specialized attention, and if not well managed, may prolong the newborn's hospital length of stay. This is particularly true for prenatally opioid exposed (POE) infants. A paucity of literature exists characterizing feeding behaviors of POE infants, yet feeding problems are common.

Purpose:
The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize and critically analyze the evidence that characterizes feeding behaviors in full-term, POE infants.

Methods/Search Strategy:
The electronic databases of CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO were used. Inclusion criteria were studies in English, conducted from 1970 to 2019, with participant samples consisting of infants with prenatal opioid exposure, born full-term, and between 38 and 40 weeks of gestation. Based on the inclusion criteria, our search yielded 557 articles. After further screening, only 4 studies met our full inclusion/exclusion criteria. These studies were analyzed for evidence of infant feeding behaviors, including characterization of problematic feeding behavior for POE infants.

Findings/Results:
Our findings revealed inconsistencies in characterization of feeding behaviors among POE infants. A synthesis of the most common evidence-based behaviors was constructed. Infant feeding behaviors were identified and grouped into 2 major behavior domains: (1) typical feeding behavior and (2) problematic feeding behavior.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Feeding behaviors related to sucking and behavioral states may be different in POE infants. Further examination of effective assessment methods and the categorization of infant feeding behaviors are warranted for use in the development of evidence-based, targeted intervention.
Autonomous Walking Program and High-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Training in Individuals With Heart Failure—A Feasibility Study
Authors: Lin Suh-Jen , Ababneh Anas , Tran Vinh 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
We assessed the feasibility of a 6-week combined program of autonomous walking plus high-intensity inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in individuals with heart failure (HF) during the transitional care period.

Methods:
Individuals with HF being discharged within the past 3 months were enrolled. This was a preliminary, 2-armed randomized controlled trial with participants blinded: (1) the autonomous walking-only program with a weekly step goal; and (2) the combined program with IMT added at 60% maximal inspiratory pressure. Feasibility was assessed by frequency of participation. Average 7-day step count and PImax were determined weekly. Additional outcomes included 6-minute walk test and the Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (MLHFQ).

Results:
Sixteen participants were randomized (age, 56 ± 12 years), but only 8 completed the study. Seven participants had good adherence of 80% to 100% in activity and breathing exercise logs. Four participants in the combined program showed a 21% to 58% improvement based on the MLHFQ. A small sample size and the high dropout rate were addressed.

Conclusions:
The combined program of autonomous walking and high-intensity IMT appeared to be feasible and beneficial after the transitional care period. Novel strategies to enhance subject recruitment and adherence are needed for future studies.
Incidence of Surgical Site Infections in Second Intention Healing After Dermatologic Surgery
Authors: Schimmel Joshua , Belcher Matthew , Vieira Carlos , Lawrence Naomi , Decker Ashley 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND
There are few studies analyzing the surgical site infection (SSI) rate of second intention wounds after dermatologic surgery, and the results are inconclusive. Yet, the current dogma in dermatologic surgery is that wounds healed by second intention have lower infection rates.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the rate of SSI and associated pathogenic organisms of second intention wounds compared with sutured wounds after skin cancer extirpation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who had either Mohs micrographic surgery or wide local excision (WLE) for skin cancer extirpation between 2012 and 2016. Wounds were stratified by closure type, location, and associated organisms. Infection was diagnosed by a positive wound culture.

RESULTS
The overall infection rate was 3.9%. The infection rate for sutured and second intention wounds was 3.2% and 6.8%, respectively. Second intention wounds were associated with a significantly higher risk of infection compared with sutured wounds (odds ratio = 2.22, 95% confidence interval 1.63–2.99). The lower extremity (LE) had the highest overall infection rate (10.5%). The face had the lowest overall infection rate (2.5%).

CONCLUSION
Mohs micrographic surgery or WLE performed on the LE or lesions allowed to heal by second intention has an increased risk of SSI.
Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Among Older Adults Living Near Construction and Manufacturing Sites
Authors: Rhee Jongeun , Dominici Francesca , Zanobetti Antonella , Schwartz Joel , Wang Yun , Di Qian , Christiani David C. 
Published: June 2020

Background:Construction and manufacturing sites produce airborne toxins that may affect nearby residents’ respiratory health. Living in heavy industrial sites has been linked to respiratory conditions such as asthma and pneumonia. However, limited information is available for risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a form of acute respiratory failure with high incidence among older adults.Methods:We conducted a nationwide ecologic study to investigate associations between annual ZIP code-level changes in industrial activity and annual changes in ZIP code-level hospital admission rates for older community residents. Using adjusted generalized linear mixed models, we analyzed data from nearly 30 million yearly Medicare beneficiaries for the years 2006 through 2012.Results:We found on average 92,363 hospital admissions for ARDS per year and 646,542 admissions over the course of 7 years. We found that an increase of 10 construction sites per year was associated with a 0.77% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71, 0.84) increase in annual hospital admission rates for ARDS and an increase of 10 manufacturing industries per year was associated with a 1.21% (95% CI = 1.09, 1.33) increase in annual hospital admission rates for ARDS across all ZIP codes. The estimated effect of chemical product manufacturing industry on ARDS was higher than that of total manufacturing industries. Residing in ZIP codes with a high number of construction or manufacturing sites was associated with increased ARDS hospital admissions.Conclusions:This nationwide ecologic study of older adults suggests that residence in areas with more construction and manufacturing sites is associated with increased ARDS risk.
Gone But Not Lost: Implications for Estimating HIV Care Outcomes When Loss to Clinic Is Not Loss to Care
Authors: Edwards Jessie K. , Lesko Catherine R. , Herce Michael E. , Murenzi Gad , Twizere Christella , Lelo Patricia , Anastos Kathryn , Tymejczyk Olga , Yotebieng Marcel , Nash Denis , Adedimeji Adebola , Edmonds Andrew 
Published: June 2020

Background:
In some time-to-event analyses, it is unclear whether loss to follow up should be treated as a censoring event or competing event. Such ambiguity is particularly common in HIV research that uses routinely collected clinical data to report the timing of key milestones along the HIV care continuum. In this setting, loss to follow up may be viewed as a censoring event, under the assumption that patients who are “lost” from a study clinic immediately enroll in care elsewhere, or a competing event, under the assumption that people “lost” are out of care all together.

Methods:
We illustrate an approach to address this ambiguity when estimating the 2-year risk of antiretroviral treatment initiation among 19,506 people living with HIV who enrolled in the IeDEA Central Africa cohort between 2006 and 2017, along with published estimates from tracing studies in Africa. We also assessed the finite sample properties of the proposed approach using simulation experiments.

Results:
The estimated 2-year risk of treatment initiation was 69% if patients were censored at loss to follow up or 59% if losses to follow up were treated as competing events. Using the proposed approach, we estimated that the 2-year risk of antiretroviral therapy initiation was 62% (95% confidence interval: 61, 62). The proposed approach had little bias and appropriate confidence interval coverage under scenarios examined in the simulation experiments.

Conclusions:
The proposed approach relaxes the assumptions inherent in treating loss to follow up as a censoring or competing event in clinical HIV cohort studies.
Toxic Shock Syndrome after Surgery: Case Presentation and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Celie Karel-Bart , Colen David L. , Kovach Stephen J. 
Published: June 2020

Background:Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an underrecognized but highly fatal cause of septic shock in postoperative patients. Although it may present with no overt source of infection, its course is devastating and rapidly progressive. Surgeon awareness is needed to recognize and treat this condition appropriately. In this paper, we aim to describe a case of postoperative TSS, present a systematic review of the literature, and provide an overview of the disease for the surgeon.Methods:A systematic review of the literature between 1978 and 2018 was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the keywords “toxic shock syndrome” and “surgery.” Variables of interest were collected in each report.Results:A total of 298 reports were screened, and 67 reports describing 96 individual patients met inclusion criteria. Six reports described a streptococcal cause, although the vast majority attributed TSS toStaphylococcus aureus(SA). The mortality in our review was 9.4%, although 24% of patients suffered some manner of permanent complication. TSS presented at a median of 4 days postoperatively, with most cases occurring within 10 days.Conclusions:Surgeons must maintain a high index of suspicion for postoperative TSS. Our review demonstrates that TSS should not be excluded despite young patient age, patient health, or relative simplicity of a procedure. Symptoms such as fever, rash, pain out of proportion to examination, and diarrhea or emesis should raise concern for TSS and prompt exploration and cultures even of benign-appearing postoperative wounds.