bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Risk Taking and Impaired Probability Judgment in Behavioral Addiction
Authors: Asaoka Yui , Won Moojun , Morita Tomonari , Ishikawa Emi , Goto Yukiori 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that deficits in decision-making and judgment may be involved in several psychiatric disorders, including addiction. Behavioral addiction is a conceptually new psychiatric condition, raising a debate of what criteria define behavioral addiction, and several impulse control disorders are equivalently considered as types of behavioral addiction. In this preliminary study with a relatively small sample size, we investigated how decision-making and judgment were compromised in behavioral addiction to further characterize this psychiatric condition.MethodHealthy control subjects (n = 31) and patients with kleptomania and paraphilia as behavioral addictions (n = 16) were recruited. A battery of questionnaires for assessments of cognitive biases and economic decision-making were conducted, as was a psychological test for the assessment of the jumping-to-conclusions bias, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings of prefrontal cortical (PFC) activity.ResultsAlthough behavioral addicts exhibited stronger cognitive biases than controls in the questionnaire, the difference was primarily due to lower intelligence in the patients. Behavioral addicts also exhibited higher risk taking and worse performance in economic decision-making, indicating compromised probability judgment, along with diminished PFC activity in the right hemisphere.ConclusionOur study suggests that behavioral addiction may involve impairments of probability judgment associated with attenuated PFC activity, which consequently leads to higher risk taking in decision-making.
Robust finite-time H∞ control of switched non-linear neutral systems in the presence of multiple disturbances using auxiliary matrices
Authors: Gholami Hadi , Shafiei Mohammad Hossein 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on finite-time boundedness (FTB) of a class of switched non-linear neutral systems in the presence of multiple disturbances. Based on Lyapunov analysis, Finsler’s lemma and the average dwell-time concept, sufficient conditions are extracted to guarantee the FTB of the system. Using these sufficient conditions, finite-time ${H}_{\infty }$ controllers are designed via state feedback and static output feedback structures. The proposed controllers are less conservative than the existing Lyapunov-based approach and there are many degrees of freedom to achieve feasible linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two examples are simulated to validate the proposed approach and to show that the obtained theoretical results are less conservative than the existing papers.
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based preconcentration of selected pesticides and escitalopram oxalate, haloperidol and olanzapine from wastewater samples prior to determination by GC-MS
Authors: Bozyiğit Gamze Dalgıç , Ayyıldız Merve Fırat , Chormey Dotse Selali , Engin Güleda Onkal , Bakırdere Sezgin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A multivariate experimental design was used to attain optimum conditions of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method for preconcentration of pesticides and pharmaceuticals for determination by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Experimental design enabled parameters to be evaluated for their effects on extraction output as well as their interactive effects. The optimum parameters suggested by the design model were 200 µL of chloroform, 1.96 mL of ethanol and 40 s vortexing period. Limits of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ) were calculated using linear calibration plots of the analytes developed in the standard concentration range of 2.0 µg/L-2.0 mg/L. Enhancement in detection power of the analytes recorded by the optimized method with respect to direct GC-MS determination (based on LOD values) was in the range of 3.6 and 539 folds. Spiked recovery experiments for municipal, medical and synthetic wastewater samples yielded low recovery results when calculated against aqueous standard solutions. Matrix matched calibration standards were used to mitigate interferences from the waste samples, and the percent recoveries obtained were close to 100%. This established accuracy and applicability of the developed method.
Implied Default Probabilities and Losses Given Default from Option Prices*
Authors: Conrad Jennifer , Dittmar Robert F , Hameed Allaudeen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We propose a novel method of estimating default probabilities using equity options data. The resulting default probabilities are highly correlated with estimates of default probabilities extracted from CDS spreads, which assume constant losses given default. Additionally, the option-implied default probabilities are higher in bad economic times and for firms with poorer credit ratings and financial positions. A simple inferred measure of loss given default is related to underlying business conditions, and varies across sectors; the time series properties of this measure are similar after controlling for liquidity effects.
A case of pyometra with a colouterine fistula due to rectal cancer presenting as acute abdomen
Authors: Kanemura Masanori , Yoshida Atsushi , Toji Akihiko , Hashida Sousuke , Murayama Yumi , Iwai Emi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Pyometra usually develops in elderly women, and it can be caused by various etiologies. We describe a rare case of pyometra with a colouterine fistula due to rectal cancer presenting as acute abdomen. A 67-year-old woman with purulent vaginal discharge and abdominal distension was referred to our hospital for suspected pyometra. Because the vaginal echogram showed pyometra at her initial medical examination, drainage was performed. Her symptoms subsequently disappeared temporarily, but 4 months later, she developed acute abdomen. The computed tomography scan showed a pelvic mass with expansion of the intestine. The patient underwent en bloc resection of the mass. Histopathologic analysis of the tumor showed rectal cancer with invasion of the uterus and ileum, and a colouterine fistula. Although pyometra due to a colouterine fistula is a very rare condition, the incidence of associated malignancy is considerable. Physicians should be aware of this potential presentation of colorectal cancer.
Acute bilateral renal vein thrombosis diagnosis and management: a case report
Authors: Ghaly Paul , Iliopoulos Jim , Ahmad Mehtab 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Undifferentiated abdominal pain accounts for a significant proportion of emergency presentations and often presents as a diagnostic dilemma. Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) has many aetiologies including nephrotic syndrome, malignancy, trauma, infection and hypercoagulable states. RVT should be considered in cases of persistent abdominal pain where other, more common, pathologies have been excluded. We present the case of a 42-year-old male with a delayed diagnosis of bilateral RVT after presenting with multiple episodes of intractable abdominal pain and adverse sequelae of this condition. This case report aims to emphasize the importance of prompt RVT recognition and the utility of bedside emergency department (ED) investigations, which can guide initial differential diagnoses of abdominal pain, reduce the delay in diagnosis as well as limit unnecessary investigations.
Integration of silicon and secondary metabolites in plants: a significant association in stress tolerance
Authors: Ahanger Mohammad Abass , Bhat Javaid Akhter , Siddiqui Manzer H , Rinklebe Jörg , Ahmad Parvaiz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs sessile organisms, plants are unable to avoid being subjected to environmental stresses that negatively affect their growth and productivity. Instead, they utilize various mechanisms at the morphological, physiological, and biochemical levels to alleviate the deleterious effects of such stresses. Amongst these, secondary metabolites produced by plants represent an important component of the defense system. Secondary metabolites, namely phenolics, terpenes, and nitrogen-containing compounds, have been extensively demonstrated to protect plants against multiple stresses, both biotic (herbivores and pathogenic microorganisms) and abiotic (e.g. drought, salinity, and heavy metals). The regulation of secondary metabolism by beneficial elements such as silicon (Si) is an important topic. Silicon-mediated alleviation of both biotic and abiotic stresses has been well documented in numerous plant species. Recently, many studies have demonstrated the involvement of Si in strengthening stress tolerance through the modulation of secondary metabolism. In this review, we discuss Si-mediated regulation of the synthesis, metabolism, and modification of secondary metabolites that lead to enhanced stress tolerance, with a focus on physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects. Whilst mechanisms involved in Si-mediated regulation of pathogen resistance via secondary metabolism have been established in plants, they are largely unknown in the case of abiotic stresses, thus leaving an important gap in our current knowledge.
Rice NIN-LIKE PROTEIN 1 rapidly responds to nitrogen deficiency and improves yield and nitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Alfatih Alamin , Wu Jie , Zhang Zi-Sheng , Xia Jin-Qiu , Jan Sami Ullah , Yu Lin-Hui , Xiang Cheng-Bin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNitrogen (N) is indispensable for crop growth and yield, but excessive agricultural application of nitrogenous fertilizers has generated severe environmental problems. A desirable and economical solution to cope with these issues is to improve crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Plant NUE has been a focal point of intensive research worldwide, yet much still has to be learned about its genetic determinants and regulation. Here, we show that rice (Oryza sativa L.) NIN-LIKE PROTEIN 1 (OsNLP1) plays a fundamental role in N utilization. OsNLP1 protein localizes in the nucleus and its transcript level is rapidly induced by N starvation. Overexpression of OsNLP1 improves plant growth, grain yield, and NUE under different N conditions, while knockout of OsNLP1 impairs grain yield and NUE under N-limiting conditions. OsNLP1 regulates nitrate and ammonium utilization by cooperatively orchestrating multiple N uptake and assimilation genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and yeast one-hybrid assays showed that OsNLP1 can directly bind to the promoter of these genes to activate their expression. Therefore, our results demonstrate that OsNLP1 is a key regulator of N utilization and represents a potential target for improving NUE and yield in rice.
Comprehensive nucleosome interactome screen establishes fundamental principles of nucleosome binding
Authors: Skrajna Aleksandra , Goldfarb Dennis , Kedziora Katarzyna M , Cousins Emily M , Grant Gavin D , Spangler Cathy J , Barbour Emily H , Yan Xiaokang , Hathaway Nathaniel A , Brown Nicholas G , Cook Jeanette G , Major Michael B , McGinty Robert K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nuclear proteins bind chromatin to execute and regulate genome-templated processes. While studies of individual nucleosome interactions have suggested that an acidic patch on the nucleosome disk may be a common site for recruitment to chromatin, the pervasiveness of acidic patch binding and whether other nucleosome binding hot-spots exist remain unclear. Here, we use nucleosome affinity proteomics with a library of nucleosomes that disrupts all exposed histone surfaces to comprehensively assess how proteins recognize nucleosomes. We find that the acidic patch and two adjacent surfaces are the primary hot-spots for nucleosome disk interactions, whereas nearly half of the nucleosome disk participates only minimally in protein binding. Our screen defines nucleosome surface requirements of nearly 300 nucleosome interacting proteins implicated in diverse nuclear processes including transcription, DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation and nuclear architecture. Building from our screen, we demonstrate that the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome directly engages the acidic patch, and we elucidate a redundant mechanism of acidic patch binding by nuclear pore protein ELYS. Overall, our interactome screen illuminates a highly competitive nucleosome binding hub and establishes universal principles of nucleosome recognition.
Replicative aging is associated with loss of genetic heterogeneity from extrachromosomal circular DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Prada-Luengo Iñigo , Møller Henrik D , Henriksen Rasmus A , Gao Qian , Larsen Camilla Eggert , Alizadeh Sefa , Maretty Lasse , Houseley Jonathan , Regenberg Birgitte 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCircular DNA can arise from all parts of eukaryotic chromosomes. In yeast, circular ribosomal DNA (rDNA) accumulates dramatically as cells age, however little is known about the accumulation of other chromosome-derived circles or the contribution of such circles to genetic variation in aged cells. We profiled circular DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae populations sampled when young and after extensive aging. Young cells possessed highly diverse circular DNA populations but 94% of the circular DNA were lost after ∼15 divisions, whereas rDNA circles underwent massive accumulation to &gt;95% of circular DNA. Circles present in both young and old cells were characterized by replication origins including circles from unique regions of the genome and repetitive regions: rDNA and telomeric Y’ regions. We further observed that circles can have flexible inheritance patterns: [HXT6/7circle] normally segregates to mother cells but in low glucose is present in up to 50% of cells, the majority of which must have inherited this circle from their mother. Interestingly, [HXT6/7circle] cells are eventually replaced by cells carrying stable chromosomal HXT6 HXT6/7 HXT7 amplifications, suggesting circular DNAs are intermediates in chromosomal amplifications. In conclusion, the heterogeneity of circular DNA offers flexibility in adaptation, but this heterogeneity is remarkably diminished with age.
The Effectiveness of Medical and Surgical Treatment for Children With Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Pan Iwen , LoPresti Melissa A , Clarke Dave F , Lam Sandi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPediatric refractory epilepsy affects quality of life, clinical disability, and healthcare costs for patients and families.OBJECTIVETo show the impact of surgical treatment for pediatric epilepsy on healthcare utilization compared to medically treated pediatric epilepsy over 5 yr.METHODSThe Pediatric Health Information System database was used to conduct a cohort study using 5 published algorithms. Refractory epilepsy patients treated with antiepileptic medications (AEDs) only or AEDs plus epilepsy surgery between 1/1/2008 and 12/31/2014 were included. Healthcare utilization following the index date at 2 and 5 yr including inpatient, emergency department (ED), and all epilepsy-related visits were evaluated. The propensity scores (PS) method was used to match surgically and medically treated patients. PS. SAS® 9.4 and Stata 14.0 were used for data management and statistical analysis.RESULTSA total of 2106 (17.1%) and 10186 (82.9%) were surgically and medically treated. A total of 4050 matched cases, 2025 per each treated group, were included. Compared to medically treated patients, utilization was reduced in the surgical group: at 2 and 5 yr postindex date, there was a reduction of 36% to 37% of inpatient visits and 47% to 50% of ED visits. The total number (inpatient, ED, ambulatory visits) of epilepsy-associated visits were reduced by 39% to 43% in the surgical group compared to the medically treated group. In those who had surgery, the average reduction in AEDs was 16% at 2 and 5 yr after treatment.CONCLUSIONPatients with refractory epilepsy treated with surgery had significant reductions in healthcare utilization compared with patients treated only with medications.
Decentralization’s Effects on Education and Health: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Faguet Jean-Paul , Khan Qaiser , Kanth Devarakonda Priyanka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe explore the effects of decentralization on education and health in Ethiopia using an original database covering all of the country’s regions and woredas (local governments). Ethiopia is a remarkable case in which war, famine and chaos in the 1970s–80s were followed by federalization, decentralization, rapid growth, and dramatic improvements in human development. Did decentralization contribute to these successes? We use time series and panel data analyses to show that decentralization improved net enrollments in primary schools and access to antenatal care for pregnant women. The main channel appears to be institutional, not fiscal. We offer the database as an additional contribution.
Long-term outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus: trends over time and major contributors
Authors: Arnaud Laurent , Tektonidou Maria G 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSLE is a chronic autoimmune rheumatic disorder of high heterogeneity in clinical presentation, treatment response and prognosis. Long-term outcomes in SLE have been dramatically improved over the past decades, however, increased morbidity and mortality, especially among young individuals, still exists. Unmet needs include residual disease activity and frequent flares, glucocorticoid treatment dependency and toxicity, comorbidity burden, reduced health-related quality of life, health disparities and damage. The main determinants of long-term outcomes in SLE are age, sex, race/ethnicity, genetic profile, environmental factors including smoking, disease activity, major organ involvement such as lupus nephritis and CNS involvement, comorbidities including cardiovascular disease and serious infections, coexistence with APS, treatment adherence, socio-economic factors and access to care. In this review we discuss trends in long-term outcomes in SLE over the years and major contributors such as genetic, disease-related, treatment, comorbidity, socio-economic and other factors.
Nonclinical Safety Assessment of AMG 553, an Investigational Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Karbowski Christine , Goldstein Rebecca , Frank Brendon , Kim Kei , Li Chi-Ming , Homann Oliver , Hensley Kelly , Brooks Benjamin , Wang Xiaoting , Yan Qinghong , Hernandez Rocio , Adams Gregor , Boyle Michael , Arvedson Tara , Lebrec Herve 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFeline McDonough Sarcoma-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), a tyrosine-protein kinase involved in hematopoiesis, is detectable on the cell surface of approximately 80% of leukemia isolates from adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AMG 553 is an investigational chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy for the treatment of AML. FLT3 expression analysis and in vitro and in vivo studies were leveraged to evaluate the nonclinical safety of AMG 553. Cynomolgus monkeys administered autologous anti-FLT3 CAR T cells demonstrated no evidence of CAR T-cell-mediated toxicity, expansion, or persistence, likely due to restricted cell surface FLT3 protein expression in healthy animals. This highlights the limited value of such in vivo studies for safety assessment of the CAR T-cell modality when directed against a target with restricted expression. To complement these studies and directly evaluate the potential toxicities of eliciting T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against cells with surface expression of FLT3 protein in vivo, data from cynomolgus monkey toxicology studies with 2 bispecific T-cell engager molecules targeting FLT3 were leveraged; findings were consistent with the targeted killing of bone marrow cells expressing cell surface FLT3. Potential AMG 553-induced cytotoxicity was assessed against a wide range of normal human primary cells and cell lines; cytotoxicity was observed against FLT3-positive AML cell lines and a percentage of primary bone marrow CD34+ cells. In conclusion, the nonclinical safety data suggest that AMG 553 can target FLT3 protein on AML cells, whereas only affecting a percentage of normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, supporting clinical development.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, should nurses offer to pray with patients?
Authors: Taylor Elizabeth Johnston 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are unable to visit with friends and family, and religious patients cannot see personal clergy or even hospital chaplains. These patients may be scared, possibly mechanically ventilated, and dying. In these situations, should their nurse ever initiate an offer of prayer? Weighing the pros and cons of this issue, this discussion will argue that when offered in an ethical, patient-centered manner, nurses offering prayer can be therapeutic for some patients.
Effect of Respiratory Physiological Changes on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter and Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Patients With Acute Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Balakrishnan Sweatha , Naik Shwetha , Chakrabarti Dhritiman , Konar Subhas , Sriganesh Kamath 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Ultrasonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is a noninvasive method for the assessment of raised ICP. Manipulation of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) are often used to optimize ICP and improve oxygenation in TBI patients. This study evaluated the effects of PEEP and ETCO2 on ONSD and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) in patients with acute TBI.

Methods:
A total of 14 patients (11 males) aged older than 18 years with acute severe TBI were included in this study. ONSD and rScO2 were assessed before and after changes in PEEP from 5 to 10 cm H2O and in ETCO2 from 40 to 30 mm Hg on both pathologic and nonpathologic sides.

Results:
Increasing PEEP and reducing ETCO2 resulted in changes in ONSD and rScO2 on both pathologic and nonpathologic sides. On the pathologic side, ONSD and rScO2 were highest with a PEEP of 10 cm H2O:ETCO2 40 mm Hg combination and lowest with PEEP of 5 cm H2O:ETCO2 30 mm Hg (ONSD 5.24±0.49 vs. 4.27±0.36 mm, P<0.001; rScO2 70.7±9.91% vs. 66.3±9.75%, P<0.001); both PEEP and ETCO2 had significant effects on ONSD and rScO2 (P<0.001). On the nonpathologic side, ONSD and rScO2 were highest and lowest with PEEP of 10 cm H2O:ETCO2 40 mm Hg and PEEP of 5 cm H2O:ETCO2 30 mm Hg combinations, respectively (ONSD: 4.93±0.46 vs. 4.02±0.40 mm, P<0.001; rScO2: 74.77±8.30% vs. 70.69±8.12%, P<0.001). ETCO2 had a significant effect on rScO2 (P<0.001), but the impact of PEEP on rScO2 was not statistically significant (P=0.05).

Conclusion:
Increasing PEEP resulted in significant increases in ONSD and rScO2, whereas reducing ETCO2 significantly decreased ONSD and rScO2.