bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Efficacy of the Far Cortical Locking Technique in Proximal Humeral Fractures: A Comparison with the Conventional Bi-cortical Locking Technique&nbsp;
Authors: seo joongbae , Kim Yoenjun , Kim Kyubeom , Yoo Jae-Sung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Locking plate fixation is one of the treatment strategies for the management of proximal humeral fractures. However, stiffness after locking plate fixation is a clinical concern. The mechanical stiffness of the standard locking plate system may suppress the interfragmentary motion necessary to promote secondary bone healing by callus formation. The far cortical locking (FCL) technique was developed to address this limitation in 2005. FCL increases construct flexibility and promotes callus formation. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of the FCL technique when implemented in proximal humeral fracture management. Furthermore, we compared the surgical outcomes of FCL with those of the conventional bicortical locking (BCL) screw fixation technique.Methods Forty-five consecutive patients who had undergone locking fixation for proximal humeral fractures were included in this study. A proximal humeral locking plate (PHILOS) system with BCL screw fixation was used in the first 27 cases, and the periarticular proximal humeral locking plate with FCL screw fixation was used in the final 18 consecutive cases. Functional capacity was assessed using the constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and range of motion. Radiographic outcomes were evaluated using the Paavolainen method of measuring the neck-shaft angle (NSA).Results No significant differences in clinical outcomes (ASES score, constant score, and range of motion)were found between the two groups. The union rate at 12 weeks was significantly higher in the FCL group (94.4%) than in the BCL group (66.7%, p=0.006). No significant differences in NSA were found between the two treatment strategies. The complication rate was not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions When implemented in proximal humeral fractures, the FCL technique showed satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes as compared with the conventional BCL technique. The bone union rate at 12 weeks after surgery was significantly higher in the FCL group than in the BCL group. However, no significant difference in the final bone union rate was found between the two groups.
Genetic in vivo engineering of human T lymphocytes in mouse models
Authors: Weidner Tatjana , Agarwal Shiwani , Perian Séverine , Fusil Floriane , Braun Gundula , Hartmann Jessica , Verhoeyen Els , Buchholz Christian J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Receptor-targeting of vector particles is a key technology for cell-type specific in vivo gene delivery. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) targeted to human T cell markers enable genetic modification of T cells directly in humanized mouse models. Illustrating the example of modifying T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), we provide detailed protocols for the generation and quality check of potent CD4- and CD8-targeted LVs, the humanization of immunodeficient mice as well as the administration of the vector stocks followed by monitoring for in vivo modified T cells. By closely following the protocol, sufficient vector stock for the genetic manipulation of 10-15 humanized mice is obtained. A few weeks after administration, about 10% of T cells can be expected to convert to CAR T cells. The protocol can be easily adapted to LVs targeted to other types of receptors and/or delivering other genes of interest.
CTCF knockout in zebrafish induces alterations in regulatory landscapes and developmental gene expression
Authors: Franke Martin , Calle-Mustienes Elisa de la , Neto Ana , Acemel Rafael , Tena Juan , Santos-Pereira José , Gómez-Skarmeta José Luis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
CTCF is an 11-zinc-finger DNA-binding protein that acts as a transcriptional repressor and insulator as well as an architectural protein required for 3D genome folding. CTCF mediates long-range chromatin looping and is enriched at the boundaries of topologically associating domains, which are sub-megabase chromatin structures that are believed to facilitate enhancer-promoter interactions within regulatory landscapes. Although CTCF is essential for cycling cells and developing embryos, its in vitro removal has only modest effects over gene expression, challenging the concept that CTCF-mediated chromatin interactions and topologically associated domains are a fundamental requirement for gene regulation. Here we link the loss of chromatin structure and gene regulation in an in vivo model and during animal development. We generated a ctcf knockout mutant in zebrafish that allows us to monitor the effect of CTCF loss of function during embryo patterning and organogenesis. CTCF absence leads to loss of chromatin structure in zebrafish embryos and affects the expression of thousands of genes, including many developmental genes. In addition, chromatin accessibility, both at CTCF binding sites and cis-regulatory elements, is severely compromised in ctcf mutants. Probing chromatin interactions from developmental genes at high resolution, we further demonstrate that promoters fail to fully establish long-range contacts with their associated regulatory landscapes, leading to altered gene expression patterns and disruption of developmental programs. Our results demonstrate that CTCF and topologically associating domains are essential to regulate gene expression during embryonic development, providing the structural basis for the establishment of developmental gene regulatory landscapes.
Quality of Life in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sudan
Authors: Mohamed Marwah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the last stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) when renal replacement therapy (RRT) is necessary for sustaining life. Assessment of QoL of ESRD patients has become an essential tool to measure how the disease affects patients’ lives, and to develop better plans of care. Little is known about QoL in patients with CKD before RRT. This study aims to examine the various socio-demographic and other factors that affect the daily QoL of ESRD patients on haemodialysis (HD).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr Selma Dialysis Center, Khartoum, Sudan from September to December 2018. A total of 138 adult patients on chronic dialysis were recruited in this observational study. The QoL was assessed using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form questionnaire (KDQoL-SF™).Results: Out of 138 enrolled patients, there were 105 patients (76.1%) had a good QoL and 33 patients (23.9%) had a poor QoL.Patients with a poor QoL had an average age of 42.8 ± 12.9 years. The good-QoL group had an average age of 46.9 ± 14.9 years. The total score of KDQoL-SF was 61.6%, while the scores for the physical and mental components were 39.3 ± 9.6 and 50.0 ± 10.6 respectively.Conclusion: This study indicated that the main factors that have a significant impact on the QoL were social status, origin, employment status, duration of the CKD, family history of kidney disease, time on HD, and Hypertension.
Effect of Aprotinin on Liver Injury After Transplantation of Extended Criteria Donor Grafts in Humans: A Retrospective Propensity Score Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Roehl Anna , Hein Marc , Andert Anne , Rossaint Rolf , Junge Karsten , Neumann Ulf , Kork Felix 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background: The number of patients awaiting liver transplantation still widely exceeds the number of donated organs available. Patients receiving extended criteria donor (ECD) organs are especially prone to an aggravated ischemia reperfusion syndrome during liver transplantation leading to massive hemodynamic stress and possible impairment in organ function. Previous studies have demonstrated aprotinin to ameliorate reperfusion injury and early graft survival. Methods: In this single center retrospective analysis of 84 propensity score matched patients out of 290 liver transplantation patients between 2010 and 2014 (OLT), we describe the association of aprotinin with postreperfusion syndrome (PRS), early allograft dysfunction (EAD: INR  1,6, AST/ALT >2000 within 7-10 days) and recipient survival. Results: The Incidence of PRS (52,4% vs 47,6%) and 30-day mortality did not differ (4.8 vs 0%; p=0.152) but patients treated with aprotinin suffered more often from EAD (64,3% vs 40,5%, p=0.029) compared to controls. Acceptable or poor (OR=3.3, p=0.035; OR=9.5, p=0.003) organ quality were independent predictors of EAD. Conclusion: Our data does not support the notion that aprotinin prevents nor attenuates PRS, EAD or mortality.
Halo Properties in Helium Nuclei From the Perspective of Geometrical Thermodynamics
Authors: Parker Michael , Jeynes Chris , Catford Wilton 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The nuclear matter and charge radii of the helium isotopes (A=4,6,8) are calculated by quantitative geometrical thermodynamics (QGT) taking as input the symmetry of the a‑particle, the very weak binding (and hence halo nature) of the heavier helium isotopes, and a characteristic length scale given by the proton size. The results follow by considering each isotope in its ground state, with QGT representing each system as a maximum entropy configuration that conforms to the Holographic Principle. This allows key geometric parameters to be determined from the number of degrees of freedom available.QGT treats 6He as a 4He core plus a concentric neutron shell comprising a holomorphic pair of neutrons, and the 8He neutron halo is treated as a holomorphic pair of holomorphic pairs. Considering the information content of each system allows a correlation angle of 2/3 between the holomorphic entities to be inferred, and then the charge radii of the three isotopes can be calculated from the displacement of the 4He core from the centre of mass. The calculations for the charge and matter radii of 4,6,8He agree closely with observed values. Similar QGT calculation of the sizes of the self-conjugate A=4n nuclei {4He,8Be,12C,16O,20Ne,24Mg,28Si,32S,36Ar,40Ca} also agree well with experiment.
Thermodynamic Mechanism Evaluate the Feasibility of Oil Shale Pyrolysis by Topochemical Heat
Authors: Shuai Zhao , Xiaoshu LÜ , Youhong Sun , Jiandong Huang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Topochemical heat in-situ pyrolysis of oil shale is achieved by injecting high temperature nitrogen to promote oil shale pyrolysis and release heat, and then injecting air to trigger oil shale combustion in the early stage of oil shale pyrolysis, and then by injecting normal temperature air continuously to promote local oxidation of oil shale in the later stage. In order to verify the oil and gas recovery by topochemical heat method, Jilin University has chosen Fuyu City, Jilin Province, to carry out pilot project of oil shale in-situ pyrolysis by topochemical heat method. Besides, in order to infer the spontaneity, feasibility and difficulty of continuous pyrolysis of oil shale based on topochemical heat, this paper, the mechanism of solid-state pyrolysis and the thermodynamic analysis of transition state of oil shale in Fuyu area are discussed. Because the second stage of oil shale pyrolysis is the main stage of oil production. Therefore, the characteristics of Gibbs free energy, free enthalpy and free entropy of transition state in the main oil production stage of oil shale pyrolysis are obtained by calculation. The results show that in situ pyrolysis of oil shale topochemical heat can be carried out spontaneously and continuously, and the release characteristics of volatiles during pyrolysis of oil shale are described.
Relationship Between Hyperhidrosis and Hypothalamic Injury in Patients With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Jang Sung Ho , Kwon Hyeok Gyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hyperhidrosis is clinical symptom of various diseases and is an important clinical feature of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity(PSH). Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is the most common condition associated with PSH, and PSH has been mainly reported in moderate and severe TBI. However, very little has been reported on PSH or hyperhidrosis in mild TBI patients. In this study, we used diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) to investigate the relationship between hyperhidrosis and hypothalamic injury in patients with mild TBI. Seven patients with hyperhidrosis after mild TBI and 21 healthy controls were recruited for this study. The Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale was used for evaluation of sweating at the time of DTI scanning. The fractional anisotropy(FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) DTI parameters were measured in the hypothalamus. In the patient group, the FA values for both sides of the hypothalamus were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). By contrast, the ADC values for both sides of the hypothalamus were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group(p<0.05). In conclusion, we detected hypothalamic injuries in patients who showed hyperhidrosis after mild TBI. Based on the results, it appears that hyperhidrosis in patients with mild TBI is related to hypothalamic injury.
Ubiquitin-Dependent Rapid Degradation Conceals A Cell-Protective Function of Cytoplasmic SIRT3 Against Oxidative Stress
Authors: Hayashi Takashi , Matsushita Takashi , Hisahara Shin , Iwahara Naotoshi , Kuno Atsushi , Kunimoto Risa , Hosoda Ryusuke , Tanno Masaya , Shimohama Shun , Horio Yoshiyuki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
SIRT3 is a NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase localized in mitochondria. Although several previous studies reported cytoplasmic and/or nuclear localization of SIRT3, extra-mitochondrial SIRT3 was obscure. We found that mitochondrial (SIRT3mt) and cytoplasmic (SIRT3ct) Sirt3 mRNAs were expressed in the mouse brain and diffuse SIRT3 immunostaining in cytoplasm was detected in cultured neural cells and neural precursor cells where SIRT3 knockdown disturbed neural precursor cell differentiation. However, overexpression of SIRT3 in COS7 cells showed that expression levels of SIRT3ct was much lower than that of SIRT3mt. SIRT3ct but not SIRT3mt was promptly degraded by the ubiquitin-dependent degradation, in which SIRT3ct degradation was mediated mainly by the ubiquitination of NH2-terminal methionine and partly by that of lysine residues. SIRT3ct expression level was significantly enhanced by the treatment of cells with staurosporine or H2O2. H2O2 promoted nuclear translocation of SIRT3ct and induced histone H3 deacetylation and superoxide dismutase 2 expression. The overexpression of SIRT3ct decreased cell death by H2O2 at similar levels achieved by that of SIRT3mt. Knockdown of Sirt3 mRNA increased cell death by amyloid-b (Ab) and the overexpression of SIRT3ct opposed the toxic function of Ab in PC12 cells. These results indicated that SIRT3ct participated in cell survival under various stress conditions.
Smoking and Family Cancer History Are Associated With Sarcomas in A Japanese Population Study
Authors: Araki Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Norio , Tanzawa Yoshikazu , Higashi Takahiro , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Takeuchi Akihiko , Miwa Shinji , Igarashi Kentaro , Makoto Endo , Kobayashi Eisuke , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Kawai Akira 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Sarcoma is a rare cancer, and it is also the cause of the development of various kinds of sarcomas, such as gene abnormalities, which has recently becoming evident due to advances of genetic testing. The approach to solve the origin of diseases is essential to elucidate both the external environmental factors and the internal genetic factors. However, the lifestyle habits, lifestyle-related diseases, personal and family cancer history of sarcoma patients remain unclear.Methods: A total of 1320 sarcoma patients were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire on lifestyle habits, life-style diseases, and the patient’s personal and family cancer history was completed at presentation. A total of 1320 controls were selected by propensity score matching for age and gender. Smoking, drinking, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus were compared. In addition, we investigated the incidence of a personal and family cancer history in sarcoma patients. Results: A smoking habit was the only independent risk factor for high-grade soft tissue sarcoma development in adults ≥20 years old (n=952), excluding low-grade and intermediate malignant soft tissue tumors (Odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.88-3.20, p<0.001). The ORs of high-grade liposarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) were 2.56 and 3.00, respectively. Eight percent of sarcoma patients had a personal history of another cancer. Thirty percent of soft tissue sarcoma patients had a family history of cancer in a first-degree relatives (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, 52%; leiomyosarcoma, 46%). Conclusions: We confirmed that a smoking habit were associated with the development of high-grade soft tissue sarcomas. A family history of cancer might be associated with certain soft tissue sarcomas, but a further investigation will be necessary.
Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Joint Analysis Reveals Distinct Flavonoid Biosynthesis Regulation for Variegated Testa Color Development in Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.)
Authors: Hu Mengdie , Li Jiawei , Hou Mingyu , Liu Xiaoqing , Cui Shunli , Yang Xinlei , Liu Lifeng , Jiang Xiaoxia , Mu Guojun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the important oil and economic crops, among which the variegated testa peanut is a unique member. But the molecular mechanisms underlying the pigment synthesis in variegated testa are still unclear. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pigment metabolism pathway in colored area indicated there were 27 DEGs highly related to the synthesis of variegated testa color among 1,050 DEGs,which were 13 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated,consisting of 3 PALs, 1 C4H, 2 CHSs, 1 F3H, 1 F3'H, 2 DFRs, 2 LARs, 2 IAAs, 4 bHLHs and 9 MYBs. GO analysis indicated DEGs were similarly enriched in 3 branches.KEGG analysis suggested flavonoid biosynthesis is the most direct metabolic pathway for the synthesis of testa variegation. The liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) results showed that cyanidin and delphinidin were the main metabolites that caused the color difference between the colored area and the non-colored area. Through the verification of 20 DEGs via qPCR, the results were consistent with that of transcriptome sequencing in 4 comparison groups. The results in this study lay the foundation for revealing the molecular regulation mechanisms of anthocyanin synthesis in variegated testa peanut.
Health Care Providers’ Awareness on Medical Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Cross-Sectional Study in Russia
Authors: Mukhamedshina Yana , Fayzullina Rezeda , Nigmatullina Irina , Rutland Catrin , Vasina Veronika 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental range of conditions that involves difficulties with social interaction and restricted/repetitive behaviors. Unfortunately, health care providers often experience difficulties in diagnosis and management of individuals with ASD and may have no knowledge about possible ways to overcome barriers in ASD patient interactions in healthcare settings. At the same time, the provision of appropriate medical services can have positive effects on habilitative progress, functional outcome, life expectancy and quality of life for individuals with ASD.Methods: This online survey designed research study evaluated the awareness and experience of students/residents (n=247) and physicians (n=100) in medical management of children with ASD, as well as the views and experiences of caregivers of children on the autism spectrum (n=158), all based in Russia.Results: We have established that the Russian medical community has limited ASD knowledge among providers, and have suggested possible reasons for this. Based on the online survey of students/residents, non-psychiatric physicians and caregivers of children diagnosed with ASD, the main problems pertaining to medical management of individuals with ASD were identified, and possible problem solving solutions within medical practice were proposed.Conclusions: Results of this study should be considered both when implementing measures to improve healthcare practices, and in developing models of effective medical management due to start in not only in Russia but also in a number of other countries.
Knowledge and Attitudes on First aid among Advanced Level Students in Gampaha Educational Zone, Sri Lanka.
Authors: Alahakoon Prashan , Bandaranayaka Kalpani , Perera Pathirage , Wijesundara Chathura 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundFirst aid is the initial care given in an emergency, to protect life and to prevent worsening of the condition of the victims, until they are undertaken by a professional medical person. It is essential to know basic first aid as a responsible person in society. The current study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on first aid among advanced level students in government schools in Gampaha educational zone.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 510 grade 12 students in five randomly selected schools. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire consisting of 25 multiple choice questions on knowledge and 10 statements formed as a Likert scale to assess attitudes. Chi-square test was used to assess the associations and a p-value <0.05 was considered as significant.ResultsStudent’s mean first aid knowledge was 57.4%±13.5% according to the score grading and 1% (n=5) were categorized as having “inadequate knowledge”, 30.6% (n=156) had “moderate knowledge”, 61.4% (n=313) were having “good knowledge” and 7.1% (n=36) were categorized as having “excellent knowledge”. Out of the sample, only 16.9% (n=86) students were previously trained in first aid. The overall attitudes towards first aid was positive and most of the students (98.8%, n=504) believed it is essential to have first aid knowledge. Their willingness to give first aid for emergencies was generally positive. There was only a slight correlation between knowledge and attitudes (r=0.134). There was a statistically significant relationship between first aid knowledge and advanced level stream (χ2=31.7, p<0.001) where biology students were more knowledgeable than students in other streams. The students who had followed health science in their O/L had a significantly higher knowledge score when compared to others (χ2=12.4, p=0.006). However, previous training on first aid and gender had no significant relationship with their knowledge (p>0.05). ConclusionsAddition of first aid as a part of the school curriculum and improving the standards of the existing first aid training programs is recommended. Further studies should be undertaken to assess the practical skills of students, as the current study mainly focused on the assessment of the theory knowledge.