bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Porter formula hold its promise? A weight estimation formula for macrosomic fetuses put to the test
Authors: Weiss Christoph , Enengl Sabine , Enzelsberger Simon Hermann , Mayer Richard Bernhard , Oppelt Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Estimating fetal weight using ultrasound measurements is an essential task in obstetrics departments. Most of the commonly used weight estimation formulas underestimate fetal weight when the actual birthweight exceeds 4000 g. Porter et al. published a specially designed formula in an attempt to improve detection rates for such macrosomic infants. In this study, we question the usefulness of the Porter formula in clinical practice and draw attention to some critical issues concerning the derivation of specialized formulas of this type.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was carried out, including 4654 singleton pregnancies with a birthweight ≥ 3500 g, with ultrasound examinations performed within 14 days before delivery. Fetal weight estimations derived using the Porter and Hadlock formulas were compared.

Results
Of the macrosomic infants, 27.08% were identified by the Hadlock formula, with a false-positive rate of 4.60%. All macrosomic fetuses were detected using the Porter formula, with a false-positive rate of 100%; 99.96% of all weight estimations using the Porter formula fell within a range of 4300 g ± 10%. The Porter formula only provides macrosomic estimates.

Conclusions
The Porter formula does not succeed in distinguishing macrosomic from normal-weight fetuses. High-risk fetuses with a birthweight ≥ 4500 g in particular are not detected more precisely than with the Hadlock formula. For these reasons, we believe that the Porter formula should not be used in clinical practice. Newly derived weight estimation formulas for macrosomic fetuses must not be based solely on a macrosomic data set.
Fault tolerant control for nonlinear systems using sliding mode and adaptive neural network estimator
Authors: Qi Haiying , Shi Yiran , Li Shoutao , Tian Yantao , Yu Ding-Li , Gomm J. B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a new fault tolerant control scheme for a class of nonlinear systems including robotic systems and aeronautical systems. In this method, a sliding mode control is applied to maintain system stability under the post-fault dynamics. A neural network is used as on-line estimator to reconstruct the change rate of the fault and compensate for the impact of the fault on the system performance. The control law and the neural network learning algorithms are derived using the Lyapunov method, so that the neural estimator is guaranteed to converge to the fault change rate, while the entire closed-loop system stability and tracking control is guaranteed. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method achieved fault tolerant control for time-varying fault, rather than just constant fault. This greatly expands the industrial applications of the developed method to enhance system reliability. The main contribution and novelty of the developed method is that the system stability is guaranteed and the fault estimation is also guaranteed for convergence when the system subject to a time-varying fault. A simulation example is used to demonstrate the design procedure and the effectiveness of the method. The simulation results demonstrated that the post-fault is stable and the performance is maintained.
A Conciliatory Answer to the Paradox of the Ravens
Authors: Peden William 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the Paradox of the Ravens, a set of otherwise intuitive claims about evidence seems to be inconsistent. Most attempts at answering the paradox involve rejecting a member of the set, which seems to require a conflict either with commonsense intuitions or with some of our best confirmation theories. In contrast, I argue that the appearance of an inconsistency is misleading: ‘confirms’ and cognate terms feature a significant ambiguity when applied to universal generalisations. In particular, the claim that some evidence confirms a universal generalisation ordinarily suggests, in part, that the evidence confirms the reliability of predicting that something which satisfies the antecedent will also satisfy the consequent. I distinguish between the familiar relation of confirmation simpliciter and what I shall call ‘predictive confirmation’. I use them to formulate my answer, illustrate it in a very simple probabilistic model, and defend it against objections. I conclude that, once our evidential concepts are sufficiently clarified, there is no sense in which the initial claims are both plausible and inconsistent.
A Novel Bat Algorithm based on Cross Boundary Learning and Uniform Explosion Strategy
Authors: Yong Jia-shi , He Fa-zhi , Li Hao-ran , Zhou Wei-qing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPopulation-based algorithms have been used in many real-world problems. Bat algorithm (BA) is one of the states of the art of these approaches. Because of the super bat, on the one hand, BA can converge quickly; on the other hand, it is easy to fall into local optimum. Therefore, for typical BA algorithms, the ability of exploration and exploitation is not strong enough and it is hard to find a precise result. In this paper, we propose a novel bat algorithm based on cross boundary learning (CBL) and uniform explosion strategy (UES), namely BABLUE in short, to avoid the above contradiction and achieve both fast convergence and high quality. Different from previous opposition-based learning, the proposed CBL can expand the search area of population and then maintain the ability of global exploration in the process of fast convergence. In order to enhance the ability of local exploitation of the proposed algorithm, we propose UES, which can achieve almost the same search precise as that of firework explosion algorithm but consume less computation resource. BABLUE is tested with numerous experiments on unimodal, multimodal, one-dimensional, high-dimensional and discrete problems, and then compared with other typical intelligent optimization algorithms. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms.
Synthesis of Silver Sulfide Quantum Dots Via the Liquid–Liquid Interface Reaction in a Rotating Packed Bed Reactor
Authors: Liu Qing , Pu Yuan , Zhao Zhijian , Wang Jiexin , Wang Dan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe developed the high-gravity coupled liquid–liquid interface reaction technique on the basis of the rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor for the continuous and ultrafast synthesis of silver sulfide (Ag2S) quantum dots (QDs) with near-infrared (NIR) luminescence. The formation of Ag2S QDs occurs at the interface of microdroplets, and the average size of Ag2S QDs was 4.5 nm with a narrow size distribution. Ag2S QDs can disperse well in various organic solvents and exhibit NIR luminescence with a peak wavelength at 1270 nm under 980-nm laser excitation. The mechanism of the process intensification was revealed by both the computational fluid dynamics simulation and fluorescence imaging, and the mechanism is attributed to the small and uniform droplet formation in the RPB reactor. This study provides a novel approach for the continuous and ultrafast synthesis of NIR Ag2S QDs for potential scale-up.
A novel productivity evaluation approach based on the morphological analysis and fuzzy mathematics: insights from the tight sandstone gas reservoir in the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Liu Shanyong , Chen Gongyang , Lou Yishan , Zhu Liang , Ge Daoyao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTight gas reservoirs have rich potential resources, which are hot spots in unconventional oil and gas exploration and development. Due to their strong heterogeneity and complex pore structures, the conventional approaches of productivity evaluation always have difficulty in predicting the gas content. This study aims to devise a new method to interpret the productivity of LX Block in the Ordos Basin using the morphological theory and fuzzy mathematics. First, core test results were used to investigate the reservoir quality and physical properties. Then, the change law of gas content was defined by the morphological theory of logging and mud logging curves. Assignments of those factors that affected the final production were provided based on fuzzy mathematics. Finally, the prediction model of productivity was established. The results show that the lower limit of the reservoir thickness in the LX Block is 3.1 m, whereas the porosity and permeability are 5% and 0.15 × 10−3 μm2, respectively. The morphological characteristic of the gas logging curve for those layers with high potential production normally presents a box shape with a high relative number of serration. The reservoir in the studied area can be classified into four categories according to the relationship between the logging curve shape and daily production, and each category is automatically identified. The coincidence rate between the prediction results and the gas test results is 84.1%, which satisfies the demand on the field. The findings have important theoretical and practical significance for screening the location of fracturing spots and predicting the production of tight gas reservoirs.
Review on the cost optimization of microgrids via particle swarm optimization
Authors: Phommixay Sengthavy , Doumbia Mamadou Lamine , Lupien St-Pierre David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEconomic analysis is an important tool in evaluating the performances of microgrid (MG) operations and sizing. Optimization techniques are required for operating and sizing an MG as economically as possible. Various optimization approaches are applied to MGs, which include classic and artificial intelligence techniques. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is one of the most frequently used methods for cost optimization due to its high performance and flexibility. PSO has various versions and can be combined with other intelligent methods to realize improved performance optimization. This paper reviews the cost minimization performances of various economic models that are based on PSO with regard to MG operations and sizing. First, PSO is described, and its performance is analyzed. Second, various objective functions, constraints and cost functions that are used in MG optimizations are presented. Then, various applications of PSO for MG sizing and operations are reviewed. Additionally, optimal operation costs that are related to the energy management strategy, unit commitment, economic dispatch and optimal power flow are investigated.
Transmembrane emp24 domain proteins in development and disease.
Authors: Aber Rachel , Chan Wesley , Mugisha Sevane , Jerome-Majewska Loydie A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRegulated transport through the secretory pathway is essential for embryonic development and homeostasis. Disruptions in this process impact cell fate, differentiation and survival, often resulting in abnormalities in morphogenesis and in disease. Several congenital malformations are caused by mutations in genes coding for proteins that regulate cargo protein transport in the secretory pathway. The severity of mutant phenotypes and the unclear aetiology of transport protein-associated pathologies have motivated research on the regulation and mechanisms through which these proteins contribute to morphogenesis. This review focuses on the role of the p24/transmembrane emp24 domain (TMED) family of cargo receptors in development and disease.
PRICES AND EARLY INFLATION IN BUENOS AIRES DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19THCENTURY (1824–1850)
Authors: Schmit Roberto 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn the present work we study the evolution of the prices of the most representative goods of the Buenos Aires market in the decades after independence from the Spanish empire. The paper analyses the evolution of import, export and local prices in Buenos Aires for the first half of the 19thcentury and intends to contribute to a more accurate estimate of the intense process of price inflation and changes in relative prices that occurred in Buenos Aires during this period. We also aspire to be able to analyse the relationships between the increases in prices and the institutional effects of commercial blockades, the issuance of paper money and changes in the demand for goods that occurred in the commercial interaction of Buenos Aires. An attempt is also made to compare the dynamics of various baskets of goods, allowing us to evaluate the differentiated effects in local, regional and overseas supply and demand. With this in mind we analyse both general price indexes, with their main changes, and also aim to integrate a variety of products in baskets that represent as accurately as possible the diverse demands of the commercial space offered by the Buenos Aires market. Finally, we reexamine the effects of the price variations of the baskets of prices on various social sectors and regions linked to the significant interregional plaza represented by the Buenos Aires market.
A review and comparison of ontology-based approaches to robot autonomy
Authors: Olivares-Alarcos Alberto , Beßler Daniel , Khamis Alaa , Goncalves Paulo , Habib Maki K. , Bermejo-Alonso Julita , Barreto Marcos , Diab Mohammed , Rosell Jan , Quintas João , Olszewska Joanna , Nakawala Hirenkumar , Pignaton Edison , Gyrard Amelie , Borgo Stefano , Alenyà Guillem , Beetz Michael , Li Howard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Within the next decades, robots will need to be able to execute a large variety of tasks autonomously in a large variety of environments. To relax the resulting programming effort, a knowledge-enabled approach to robot programming can be adopted to organize information in re-usable knowledge pieces. However, for the ease of reuse, there needs to be an agreement on the meaning of terms. A common approach is to represent these terms using ontology languages that conceptualize the respective domain. In this work, we will review projects that use ontologies to support robot autonomy. We will systematically search for projects that fulfill a set of inclusion criteria and compare them with each other with respect to the scope of their ontology, what types of cognitive capabilities are supported by the use of ontologies, and which is their application domain.
Wintertime North American Weather Regimes and the Arctic Stratospheric Polar Vortex
Authors: Lee S. H. , Furtado J. C. , Charlton‐Perez A. J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe impact of the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex on persistent weather regimes over North America is so far underexplored. Here we show the relationship between four wintertime North American weather regimes and the stratospheric vortex strength using reanalysis data. We find that the strength of the vortex significantly affects the behavior of the regimes. While a regime associated with Greenland blocking is strongly favored following weak vortex events, it is not the primary regime associated with a widespread, elevated risk of extreme cold in North America. Instead, we find that the regime most strongly associated with widespread extremely cold weather does not show a strong dependency on the strength of the lower stratospheric zonal mean zonal winds. We also suggest that stratospheric vortex morphology may be particularly important for cold air outbreaks during this regime.
Magnetospheric “Penetration” of IMF Viewed Through the Lens of an Empirical RBF Modeling
Authors: Tsyganenko N. A. , Andreeva V. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe spiral structure of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is known to induce intramagnetospheric azimuthal magnetic field
, which strongly correlates with the IMF
. We reconstruct this effect for the first time in 3‐D, using a large set of data taken in the near/inner magnetosphere and a flexible magnetic field model based on expansions in radial basis functions (RBF). The RBF model serves here as a magnifying glass with tunable resolution, focused on the specific region of interest. In this study, we used it to explore the IMF‐induced
both on a global scale (i.e., for the entire range of local times) and in the night sector only, to better visualize details in the region with the strongest “penetration” magnitude. The induced
was found to maximize on the nightside at distances
10–12
, where it concentrates around the solar‐magnetic equator and bifurcates into a pair of peaks located in predawn and postdusk sectors. The
“penetration” is associated with the IMF‐induced asymmetry of field‐aligned currents at the plasma sheet boundary. Even on a statistical level, the peak values of the induced
can substantially exceed the external IMF
. The effect is significantly stronger under southward IMF
conditions and grows with increasing geodipole tilt angle.
Features and Source Current of Long‐Period Induced Geoelectric Field During Magnetic Storms: A Case Study
Authors: Wu S. Y. , Yao S. , Feng X. D. , Wei W. B. , Yin Y. T. , Zhang L. T. , Dong H. , Wang G. W. , Liu J. L. , Yu Y. Q. , Wei D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present a case study on the long‐period (
s) induced geoelectric field disturbance during magnetic storms. A set of continuous 33‐day measurements of the geoelectric field, geomagnetic field, geomagnetic indices, and interplanetary magnetic field are analyzed. In the studied 33 days, two magnetic storms occurred after 10 geomagnetic quiet days. To exclude the effects from the different underground electrical structures, geomagnetic and geoelectric field measurements from the same ground observatory enrolled in Chinese Meridian Project are studied. Besides, Space Weather Modeling Framework is adopted to calculate the global geomagnetic field disturbances and the contribution from different current systems. The wavelet power spectra analysis reveals that the long‐period geoelectric field disturbance appears only during magnetic storms. Especially, stronger magnetic storm generates weaker geoelectric disturbances at the same observatory. The opposite‐direction eastward geomagnetic field disturbance, which is generated mainly by the field‐aligned current at different magnetic local time, significantly changes the magnitude and direction of the induced geoelectric field via the underground impedance tensor. Therefore, both the effects caused by ring current and field‐aligned current should be considered in analyzing the ground induced geoelectric field. Excluding the effect from the geospace current source, the more accurate electrical conductivity in the upper mantle would be obtained in future.
Down-regulation of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR sensitizes breast cancer to trastuzumab
Authors: Chen Tianwen , Liu Zeming , Zeng Wen , Huang Tao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the roles and possible molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR in regulating resistance to trastuzumab in breast cancer. Trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3-TR was assayed for the expression of HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins or genes. Methylation levels of TGF- β, PTEN and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (or P27) were determined. In trastuzumab-resistant cell line, the mRNA level of HOTAIR was significantly up-regulated; in addition, the expression of TGF-β, Snail and Vimentin was also up-regulated, E-cadherin was down-regulated while the expression of HER2, PI3K, AKT, mTOR and MAPK in the HER2 receptor pathway and phosphorylation level of HER2 receptor remained unchanged, the methylation levels of the PTEN gene and TGF-β were increased and decreased, respectively. RNA interference downregulated the HOTAIR level and sensitized the cells to trastuzumab. It also resulted in down-regulation of TGF-β, Snail, Vimentin, p-AKT, p-APK and CyclinD1 and up-regulation of E-cadherin, PTEN and P27. Besides, the methylation levels of the PTEN gene and TGF-β were reduced and increased, respectively. Mouse models grafted with SK-BR-3-TR grew faster than with SK-BR-3-TS and siHOTAIR-SK-BR-3-TR.
Embryonic stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles rescue erectile function by enhancing penile neurovascular regeneration in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse
Authors: Kwon Mi-Hye , Song Kang-Moon , Limanjaya Anita , Choi Min-Ji , Ghatak Kalyan , Nguyen Nhat Minh , Ock Jiyeon , Yin Guo Nan , Kang Ju-Hee , Lee Man Ryul , Gho Yong Song , Ryu Ji-Kan , Suh Jun-Kyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted particular interest in various fields of biology and medicine. However, one of the major hurdles in the clinical application of EV-based therapy is their low production yield. We recently developed cell-derived EV-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs) by extruding cells serially through filters with diminishing pore sizes (10, 5, and 1 μm). Here, we demonstrate in diabetic mice that embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived EV-mimetic NVs (ESC-NVs) completely restore erectile function (~96% of control values) through enhanced penile angiogenesis and neural regeneration in vivo, whereas ESC partially restores erectile function (~77% of control values). ESC-NVs promoted tube formation in primary cultured mouse cavernous endothelial cells and pericytes under high-glucose condition in vitro; and accelerated microvascular and neurite sprouting from aortic ring and major pelvic ganglion under high-glucose condition ex vivo, respectively. ESC-NVs enhanced the expression of angiogenic and neurotrophic factors (hepatocyte growth factor, angiopoietin-1, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3), and activated cell survival and proliferative factors (Akt and ERK). Therefore, it will be a better strategy to use ESC-NVs than ESCs in patients with erectile dysfunction refractory to pharmacotherapy, although it remains to be solved for future clinical application of ESC.
A simple mooring modification reduces impacts on seagrass meadows
Authors: Luff Anna L. , Sheehan Emma V. , Parry Mark , Higgs Nicholas D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMoorings can have a detrimental impact on seagrass, fragmenting the meadows, resulting in the habitat degradation. To reduce contact of the moorings with the seabed we attached small floats along the chain of a traditional swing mooring and monitored the ecological impacts of this modified mooring, with reference to a standard swing mooring, in a seagrass meadow under high tidal influence. After three years, seagrass density surrounding the modified mooring was over twice as high as that of the standard mooring, with blade length surrounding the modified mooring also found to exceed that of the standard mooring. Seagrass-associated epifaunal species richness was twice as high surrounding the modified mooring compared to the standard mooring. Sediment composition was considerably finer at the modified mooring, indicative of increased disturbance surrounding the standard mooring. A simple modification to existing swing moorings can mitigate some of the impacts of moorings on seagrass meadows, whilst accommodating for tidal fluctuations. The scale of the differences observed between the mooring types demonstrates the susceptibility of seagrass meadows to damage from swing moorings. Given the ecological importance of these habitats, it is crucial that action is taken to reduce further degradation, such as that demonstrated here.