bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Poetry for the Middle-Tang “Poet-Monks”?
Authors: Bender Lucas Rambo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This essay asks why monks’ literary pursuits came in the Middle Tang period (roughly 755–825) to be particularly associated with the single genre of shi-poetry 詩. Though monks in China had previously engaged extensively in literary writing and had written significant amounts of shi-poetry, no monk before this period had been labeled a “shi-seng” 詩僧 (“poet-monk”). This essay suggests that this novel Middle-Tang phenomenon reflects the way discourse about literature in general, and key genres of prose in particular, had begun to connect literary writing with a Confucianism increasingly conceptualized in contradistinction to Buddhism. By comparison, discourse focused on shi-poetry partly resisted this Confucianization and preserved features of an earlier vision of literary composition that made room for Buddhist participation.
The Hydrogen Prism: Angles of EU Hydrogen Regulation for Sustainable Mobility
Authors: Pailman Kelsey 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen has been hailed as a fuel of the future, particularly in hard-to-abate fossil fuel intensive sectors, including in the heavy-duty transportation industry. As a result, the promotion of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen has increasingly become a key priority area within the European Union (EU) in support of its goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. The EU Hydrogen Strategy has highlighted that the development of a hydrogen economy will require a fit-for-purpose and enabling regulatory framework. The question then arises as to what role regulation can play in facilitating the adoption of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen fuels in the heavy-duty transportation sector. This article highlights three angles for regulation in this regard, namely: cohesiveness, risk mitigation and compliance. These three angles constitute the ‘Hydrogen Prism’, which refracts and reflects insights on the future regulation of hydrogen for sustainable mobility.
Temporal Comparisons Involving Paleoclimate Data Assimilation: Challenges and Remedies
Authors: Emile-Geay Julien , Hakim Gregory J. , Viens Frederi , Zhu Feng , Amrhein Daniel E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Paleoclimate reconstructions are increasingly central to climate assessments, placing recent and future variability in a broader historical context. Several estimation methods produce plumes of climate trajectories that practitioners often want to compare to other reconstruction ensembles or to deterministic trajectories produced by other means, such as global climate models. Of particular interest are “offline” data assimilation (DA) methods, which have recently been adapted to paleoclimatology. Offline DA lacks an explicit model connecting time instants, so its ensemble members are not true system trajectories. This obscures quantitative comparisons, particularly when considering the ensemble mean in isolation. We propose several resampling methods to introduce a priori constraints on temporal behavior, as well as a general notion, called plume distance, to carry out quantitative comparisons between collections of climate trajectories (“plumes”). The plume distance provides a norm in the same physical units as the variable of interest (e.g., °C for temperature) and lends itself to assessments of statistical significance. We apply these tools to four paleoclimate comparisons: 1) global mean surface temperature (GMST) in the online and offline versions of the Last Millennium Reanalysis (v2.1); 2) GMST from these two ensembles to simulations of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project past1000 ensemble; 3) Last Millennium Reanalysis, version 2.1 (LMRv2.1), to the PAGES 2k Consortium ensemble of GMST; and 4) the Northern Hemisphere mean surface temperature from LMRv2.1 to the Büntgen et al. ensemble. Results generally show more compatibility between these ensembles than is visually apparent. The proposed methodology is implemented in an open-source Python package, and we discuss the possible applications of the plume distance framework beyond paleoclimatology.

Significance Statement
Paleoclimate data assimilation is an emerging technique to reconstruct past climate variations. The currently dominant approximation, offline data assimilation, lacks the ability to connect information across time. This work proposes open-source solutions to this problem and applies them to three paleoclimate questions, before discussing broader implications.
A Multiscale Evaluation of the Wet 2022 in Eastern Australia
Authors: Reid Kimberley J. , Barnes Michael A. , Gillett Zoe E. , Parker Tess , Udy Danielle G. , Ayat Hooman , Boschat Ghyslaine , Bowden Annabel , Grosfeld Nicholas H. , King Andrew D. , Richardson Doug , Shao Yawen , Teckentrup Lina , Trewin Blair , Hope Pandora , Zhou Linjing , Borowiak Alexander R. , Holgate Chiara M. , Isphording Rachael N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Eastern Australia experienced record-breaking rainfall and flooding during 2022, which devastated communities and led to over AU$6 billion of damage. In this study, we conduct a multiscale analysis to understand why 2022 was unusually wet with multiple record-breaking rainfall events over the year. We assess the synoptic- and mesoscale conditions during three key periods: February–March, July, and October. These periods were chosen because they were impactful and represent three different seasons. Next, we examine the large-scale climate drivers and evaluate how unusual these events were compared to previous years. Finally, we discuss predictability and the possible impact of climate change on the drivers of heavy rainfall in eastern Australia. The exceptional rainfall was likely due to excessive slow-moving cyclones combined with ample atmospheric moisture flux. The key climate drivers (El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean dipole, and Southern Annular Mode) primed the synoptic conditions for frequent rain-bearing weather systems. There was limited predictability beyond the 1-week lead time for the February–March and July events, but the 1-month seasonal forecast for October indicated rainfall in eastern Australia. The complexity of multiday extreme rainfall makes it difficult to distinguish the role of climate change from natural variability. However, we highlight where future research could focus to help us understand climate risks to this region. Our results emphasize the importance of examining rainfall from multiple perspectives and considering the interactions between weather and climate scales because analyzing drivers in isolation is insufficient for explaining high-impact weather.
Elevated Vitamin D leading to an Incidental Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Rico Ríos Natividad , Reche Martínez Antonio José , López Tinoco Cristina , Calero Ruiz Mercedes , Sáez-Benito Godino Ana 
Published: December 2024

A case involving the incidental diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) due to interference in the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH) vitamin D) immunoassay is presented. The patient, under the care of rheumatology and receiving treatment with alendronic acid and vitamin D supplements, was referred to endocrinology for investigation of acromegaly. Acromegaly was subsequently ruled out; however, during the investigations, consistently elevated levels of 25(OH) vitamin D were noted, raising suspicion of vitamin D resistance syndrome. The laboratory and endocrinology teams engaged in discussions, and following the cessation of medication, repeated analyses for 25(OH) vitamin D and a single analysis of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D levels were requested, yielding high and normal results, respectively. The laboratory conducted a three-step interference investigation, ultimately identifying a high molecular weight molecule responsible for the initially elevated 25(OH) vitamin D levels. Due to the clinical presentation of back pain, a proteinogram was requested, revealing a monoclonal band of 36 g/L. Subsequent free light chain analysis indicated an elevated ratio. With three risk factors identified, this was classified as an established MM and urgently referred to haematology for correct management. Laboratory assay interferences have the potential to disrupt the accurate diagnostic workup of patients. Collaborative discussions between laboratory and clinical teams regarding such cases aid in directing the diagnostic pathway appropriately, facilitating prompt and proper diagnosis and management.
Characterization and optimization for mechanical and wear performance of reinforced Nylon-12/carbon fiber matrix
Authors: Rath Debabrata , Kumar Sudhir , Duvedi Ravinder Kumar , Mohanty Shyama Prasad , Chandra Padhi Pratap , Sharma Sandeep Kumar , Batish Ajay 
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the mechanical properties of 3D-printed Nylon-12 carbon fiber (CF) composite specimens, focusing on the influence of key processing parameters. Tensile, flexural, and impact strengths were thoroughly examined, along with wear analysis and morphological assessment. The specimens were printed with varying print speeds (10 to 50 mm/s), layer heights (0.03 to 0.15 mm), and infill patterns (hexagon, linear, and diamond). The results revealed a strong relationship between mechanical performance and both layer height and infill pattern. Higher layer heights negatively impacted tensile and flexural strengths due to weaker interlayer adhesion. Among the infill patterns, the linear configuration consistently provided the best tensile, flexural, and impact performance. A maximum tensile stress of 53.74 MPa was recorded with a 0.03 mm layer height, 10 mm/s print speed, and hexagonal infill pattern, while the highest flexural strength (98.97 MPa) and impact strength (21.35 kJ/m2) were achieved with a 30 mm/s print speed, 0.03 mm layer height, and linear infill. ANOVA analysis highlighted infill pattern as the most critical factor influencing mechanical properties, followed by layer height and print speed. Optimized parameters (50 mm/s print speed, 0.06 mm layer height, and linear infill) produced superior results. Wear analysis and SEM observations further supported the mechanical trends, emphasizing material durability and process optimization.
Immediate Effect of Uddiyana Bandha on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Govindasamy Karuppasamy , Kaur Dilpreet , Elayaraja Masilamani , Sethi Deepika , Kalidas Shantichitra , Karmakar Debajit , Orhan Bekir Erhan , Astuti Yuni , Parpa Koulla 
Published: December 2024

Background Hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular condition, is linked to autonomic nervous system dysregulation, often evidenced by reduced heart rate variability (HRV). Yoga, particularly Uddiyana Bandha, may influence autonomic control and improve HRV, thus offering potential benefits for hypertension management. Purpose This study intended to assess the impact of the regular use of Uddiyana Bandha practice on HRV among hypertensive patients. Methods This randomised controlled study included 60 hypertensive patients aged between 40 and 60. Participants were randomised into an intervention group practicing Uddiyana Bandha ( n = 30) and a control group with no intervention ( n = 30). The outcome measures included time and frequency domain HRV variables, specifically the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) components in normalised units (n.u), and the LF/HF ratio. These were assessed both before and immediately after the intervention. The intervention group performed three rounds of Uddiyana Bandha under supervision, while the control group rested quietly for an equivalent duration. Results The Uddiyana Bandha group demonstrated significant ( p < .05) improvements in HRV parameters post-intervention compared to the control group. Mean RR interval, SDNN and RMSSD increased immediately after Uddiyana Bandha practice. The HF component (n.u) increased, while the LF component (n.u) and LF/HF ratio decreased ( p < .05), indicating enhanced parasympathetic activity. No significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusion Uddiyana Bandha’s practice immediately has notable effects on HRV in hypertensive patients, showing better autonomic balance and cardiovascular performance. These results suggest Uddiyana Bandha as a possible non-pharmacological strategy for hypertension management. Future studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are needed to support these results and explore long-term effects.
Postoperative delirium following total joint arthroplasty: epidemiology, risk factors, and associated complications
Authors: Knebel Ashley , Singh Manjot , Rasquinha Rhea , Daher Mohammad , Nassar Joseph E , Hanna John , Cohen Eric M , Diebo Bassel G , Daniels Alan H 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a feared complication following major surgery in elderly patients. Further investigation of the risk factors and consequences of POD following total joint arthroplasty is warranted. Methods: Patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) were identified using PearlDiver. Patients were filtered into 2 cohorts based on the presence or absence of POD within 7 days of surgery. Epidemiological analyses were performed to examine trends in POD following TKA and THA by age group and year. Comparative analyses were performed on patient demographics and baseline cognitive status. After matching by age, sex, and comorbidities, electrolyte disturbances and 90-day postoperative complications were analysed. Results: Among 2,518,918 (99.7%) no POD and 7240 (0.3%) POD patients who underwent total knee or hip arthroplasty, mean age was 65.58 years, 60.2% were female, and mean CCI was 1.50 for the whole cohort. POD patients frequently had baseline cognitive impairment ( P  < 0.001). Incidence of POD decreased from 0.54% in 2010 to 0.10% in 2022 ( P  < 0.001) and increased with age ( P  < 0.001). POD patients had higher 90-day costs (TKA = $19,572 vs. $10,397, P  < 0.001; THA = $18,496 vs. $9,877 P  < 0.001). After matching, POD TKA patients had higher rates of hypernatraemia (6.1% vs 4.5%, P  = 0.001) and POD THA patients had higher rates of hyponatraemia (26.5% vs 23.1%, P  = 0.008). POD patients had higher rates of 90-day postoperative medical and surgical complications ( P  < 0.05) than no POD patients. Conclusions: Nearly 0.3% of patients who underwent either TKA or THA between 2010 and 2022 developed transient delirium. POD was most common in elderly patients with baseline cognitive impairment undergoing revision surgery. POD patients had higher rates of 90-day postoperative surgical and joint-related complications. While POD rates have decreased, continued initiative to prevent POD in total joint arthroplasty patients is imperative.
PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Plus Antiangiogenic Drugs Versus Sorafenib as the First Line Treatment for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Phase 3 RCTs Based Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Jun , Liao Chun , Liu Zhaohui , Xiong Hu , Cai Jing , Liu Tiande 
Published: December 2024

Background For advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sorafenib remains the established therapy. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus antiangiogenic drugs (PIAD) as a new therapeutic approach for advanced HCC is still a subject of clinical debate regarding whether they offer improved treatment outcomes. This study was conducted to compare the two treatments in terms of antitumor efficacy and safety. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PIAD and sorafenib for advanced HCC were retrieved from six databases. Survival (overall survival [OS] and progression-free survival [PFS]) were the main outcomes measured. Secondary endpoints included responses, adverse events (AEs), and effects on quality of life. Results Seven studies based on four RCTs (CARES-310, COSMIC-312, IMbrave150, and ORIENT-32) were included. The PIAD group exhibited better OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.53, 0.89], P = 0.005), and PFS (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: [0.53, 0.67], P < 0.00001). The survival advantages of OS and PFS were confirmed in almost all subgroups. The PIAD group exhibited higher OS rates at 6–18 months and PFS rates at 6–12 months. Additionally, the objective response rate, disease control rate, complete response, and partial response were higher in PIAD group. The PIAD group had a delayed decline in quality of life, physical functioning, and role functioning. However, the PIAD group experienced more grades 3–5 and serious AEs, along with treatment discontinuation, dose reduction, and dose interruption. Conclusions PIAD appears to be better than sorafenib for advanced HCC with better survival and responses. However, its higher rate of AEs requires cautious attention.
Identification of Secondary Metabolites of Cyperus rotundus L. and Dose-dependent Effects on Antioxidant Activity and Carbohydrate Digestion Enzymes
Authors: Akash Muhammad Sajid Hamid , Afzaal Ammara , Rehman Kanwal , Hussain Amjad , Ibrahim Muhammad , Shoaib Syed Muhammad , Shahid Mudassar , Sadaf Bushra 
Published: December 2024

Background Cyperus rotundus L., commonly known as nutsedge or purple nutgrass, is a resilient herb in the Cyperaceae family with notable pharmacological potential due to its diverse secondary metabolites. This study aimed to identify these metabolites and evaluate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the crude methanol extract of C. rotundus. Methods The crude methanol extract of C. rotundus was prepared, and its antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH scavenging assay. Additionally, in vitro inhibitory effects against the enzymes: α-amylase and α-glucosidase were evaluated. The secondary metabolites present in the extract were identified using ESI-MS/MS analysis. Results ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites, including rutin, quercetin, β-sitosterol, limonene, and beta-pinene. The crude methanol extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity and significant inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, which play crucial roles in carbohydrate digestion. Conclusion The findings indicate that the crude methanol extract of C. rotundus possesses notable antioxidant properties and the potential to inhibit key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. This study enhances our understanding of the bioactive compounds in C. rotundus and suggests its therapeutic applications for managing conditions related to carbohydrate metabolism.
Jiedu Huayu Extract Alleviate Acute Liver Failure via Promotion of GPX4 Expression and Inhibition of D-GalN/LPS-Induced Ferroptosis
Authors: Lin Yong , Du Yuanqi , Wang Minggang , Wang De , Pang Di , Luo Sha , Huang Jun , Mao Dewen , Long Fuli 
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aims to explore the potential mechanisms of Jiedu Huayu granules (JDHY) mitigate D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) in a cell damage model. Methods ALF was modeled using various concentrations of D-GalN + LPS. JDHY-medicated serum at different concentrations was then co-cultured with the cell model in proportion. The best concentration and time of JDHY-medicated serum intervention were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST). Western blot was used to assess the expression of Ferritin Heavy Chain 1 (FTH1), Transferrin Receptor 1(TfR1), Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4), Lysyl Oxidase (LOX), Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2(PTGS2). Malondialdehyde was analyzed for cell lipid peroxidation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect glutathione, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-10, Interleukin-6 expression, and liver function indicators (ALT, AST). Additionally, GPX4 was knocked down using cell transfection, and the molecular mechanisms of JDHY in treating ALF were explored through Western blot, PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The appropriate dose and time of D-GalN/LPS-induced ALF (10 mg/mL D-GalN + 1 μg/mL LPS for 48 h) and the optimal intervention concentration of JDHY-medicated serum (15%) were determined through ALT, AST, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. JDHY treatment reduced ALT and AST levels, alleviated cell lipid peroxidation, and inhibited ferroptosis. The mechanism involves JDHY enhancing the antioxidant capacity in liver cells by increasing the expression of GPX4 and glutathione, regulating ferroptosis proteins (downregulating TfR1, upregulating FTH1), inhibiting LOX and PTGS2, and suppressing inflammation (downregulating Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Interleukin-6, upregulating Interleukin-10). In addition, GPX4 knockdown experiments revealed that knocking down GPX4 worsened ALF, while JDHY can alleviate ALF by promoting GPX4 expression and enhancing the antioxidant capacity of liver cells. Conclusion JDHY enhance GPX4 expression and reduce lipid peroxidation in liver cells affected by ALF, protecting liver cell, alleviating inflammatory, and inhibiting ferroptosis.
Fatal Exertional Heat Stroke Trends in Secondary School Sports From 1982 Through 2022
Authors: Stearns Rebecca L. , Kucera Kristen L. , Hosokawa Yuri , Filep Erica M. , Grace Aleksis , DeLong Randi , Cantu Robert , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a leading cause of secondary school sport-related death; however, a longitudinal analysis on observed trends is lacking. Our purpose was to describe EHS deaths in United States secondary school athletes since the 1982/1983 academic year. Hypothesis: EHS deaths will be primarily represented by football athletes and have a stable or increasing trend across a decade-by-decade analysis. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: EHS deaths in secondary school sports from July 1, 1982 through June 30, 2022 captured in the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research database were included (n = 67). Chi-square test of goodness of fit (alpha = 0.05), incidence rate ratios, and 95% CIs of differences in number of deaths between the 4 decades are reported. Results: Of 67 deaths, 66 (98.5%) were male. Ages ranged from 13 to 18 years. Football accounted for 63 (94%) of deaths, with basketball (n = 2), soccer (n = 1), and track and field (n = 1) accounting for the remainder. The southern region had the largest number of deaths, n = 50 (74.6%). Most deaths occurred in August (n = 38), followed by July (n = 15) and September (n = 9). Stratified into 4 sepa﻿rate 10-year periods, the proportion of EHS deaths differed significantly across time ( χ2(3, n = 67) = 8.72; P = 0.03). The period 2002-2011 had the highest number of EHS deaths (n = 26), 1982-1991 had 9, while both 1992-2011 and 2012-2021 had 16 deaths. Conclusion: The most recent decade shows a 38% reduction from the peak decade (2002-2011, n = 26), but remains similar to 1982-1991. Clinical Relevance: Continued efforts are required to prevent catastrophic sport-related death due to EHS. Secondary school EHS deaths are overwhelmingly represented by football, most commonly in August, and in the south. This emphasizes the need for secondary schools to be equipped with basic tools and policies to saves lives.