bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival Outcomes of Screening with Breast MRI in Women at Elevated Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Bae Min Sun , Sung Janice S , Bernard-Davila Blanca , Sutton Elizabeth J , Comstock Christopher E , Morris Elizabeth A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
To determine survival outcomes in women with breast cancer detected at combined screening with breast MRI and mammography versus screening mammography alone.

Methods
This is an institutional review board-approved retrospective study, and the need for informed consent was waived. A total of 3002 women with an increased risk of breast cancer were screened between 2001 and 2004. Of the 3002 women, 1534 (51.1%) had 2780 combined screenings (MRI and mammography) and 1468 (48.9%) had 4811 mammography-only screenings. The Χ2 test and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to compare cancer detection rates and survival rates.

Results
The overall cancer detection rate was significantly higher in the MRI plus mammography group compared with the mammography-only group (1.4% [40 of 2780] vs 0.5% [23 of 4811]; P &lt; 0.001). No interval cancers occurred in the MRI plus mammography group, whereas 9 interval cancers were found in the mammography-only group. During a median follow-up of 10.9 years (range: 0.7 to 15.2), a total of 11 recurrences and 5 deaths occurred. Of the 11 recurrences, 6 were in the MRI plus mammography group and 5 were in the mammography-only group. All five deaths occurred in the mammography-only group. Disease-free survival showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.32). However, overall survival was significantly improved in the MRI plus mammography group (P = 0.002).

Conclusion
Combined screening with MRI and mammography in women at elevated risk of breast cancer improves cancer detection and overall survival.
Comparative Insight into the Bacterial Communities in Alate and Apterous Morphs of Brown Citrus Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Shang Feng , Niu Jinzhi , Ding Bi-Yue , Wang Jin-Jun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Wing polyphenism (alate and apterous morphs) in aphids is a trade-off between dispersal and reproduction. How bacterial communities are associated with wing polyphenism in aphids is still not clearly understood. This study used 16S rRNA sequencing to examine the differences in diversity of the bacterial community between alate and apterous morphs in Aphis citricidus, the main vector of the Citrus tristeza virus. Eighty-one operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 37 orders, 34 classes, and 13 phyla were identified from all samples. Among these OTUs, Wolbachia (79.17%), Buchnera (17.64%), and Pseudomonas (2.99%) were the dominant bacterial genera. The diversity of symbionts varied between the two morphs; apterous morphs had more bacterial diversity (69 OTUs belonging to 45 families, 21 classes, and 12 phyla) than alate morphs (45 OTUs belonging to 36 families, 15 classes, and 10 phyla). In addition, the abundance of five OTUs was significantly different between two morphs. Among these OTUs, two Pseudomonas species (Pseudomonas_brenneri [OTU21] and unclassified_Pseudomonas [OTU13]) represented a high proportion (3.93% and 2.06%) in alate morphs but were present in low abundance (0.006% and 0.002%) in apterous morphs. RT-qPCR showed consistent results with high-throughput DNA sequencing. The preliminary survey showed the difference in composition and frequency of bacteria between alate and apterous morphs. Thus, the results contribute to anew insight of microorganisms that may be involved in wing dimorphism and helpful for controlling the dispersal of this pest through artificial elimination or reinfection of bacterial symbionts or targeting symbiosis-related host genes by RNA interference in future.
Numerical simulations of acoustic isolators in monopole acoustic logging while drilling based on phononic crystal structures
Authors: Yang Peinian , Chen Dehua , He Xiao , Ji Yunjia , Wang Xiuming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In acoustic logging while drilling (ALWD), it is crucial to have an ALWD isolator to reduce collar waves and to meet the requirement of wideband acoustic measurements. In this work, we proposed a new acoustic isolator based on phononic crystal structures for reducing collar waves, and its acoustic insulation performance is numerically studied through the finite difference simulation. For the typical ALWD tool, the optimized acoustic isolator has eight-section graded grooves and each contains 11 small grooves varying from 3 to 5 mm, with an interval of 0.2 m between adjacent sections. Performances of the isolators we designed are verified by numerical results. The attenuation effects of the improved isolator and the traditional one on collar arrivals are compared. The comparison of synthetic waveforms reveals that the newly proposed design with grooves characterized by gradually varying width displays better acoustic isolation performance than the traditional isolator with uniform grooves when operated with various source central frequencies from 13 to 15 kHz. By applying the proposed isolator, the formation longitudinal wave velocities can be separated effectively from the wave group containing the collar waves in the fast formation model. These studies may be useful for the ALWD tool design and data processing.
Attraction Versus Capture: Efficiency of BG-Sentinel Trap Under Semi-Field Conditions and Characterizing Response Behaviors for Female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Amos Brogan A , Staunton Kyran M , Ritchie Scott A , Cardé Ring T 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAedes aegypti (L.) is an important vector of viruses causing dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever and as such is a threat to public health worldwide. Effective trapping methods are essential for surveillance of both the mosquito species and disease presence. The BG-Sentinel (BGS) is a widely used to trap Ae. aegypti but little is known of its efficiency, i.e., what proportion of the mosquitoes encountering the trap are captured. The first version of the BGS trap was predominantly white, and the current version is mostly navy blue. While this trap is often deployed without any olfactory lure, it can also be deployed with CO2 and/or a human skin odor mimic lure to increase capture rates. We tested the efficiency of capturing Ae. aegypti under semi-field conditions for the original white version without lures as well the blue version with and without various lure combinations. None of the configurations tested here captured 100% of the mosquitoes that encountered the trap. A navy-blue trap emitting CO2 and a skin odor mimic produced the highest capture (14% of the total insects in the semi-field cage), but its capture efficiency was just 5% (of mosquitoes encountering the trap). Mosquitoes often had multiple encounters with a trap that did not result in capture; they crossed over the trap entrance without being captured or landed on the sides of the trap. Understanding these behaviors and the factors that induce them has the potential to suggest improvement in trap design and therefore capture efficiency.
‘Busy, Without Thimbles, at the Needlework’: Men’s Sewing and Masculinity on the Victorian Goldfields, 1851–1861
Authors: Cramer Lorinda 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Australia’s gold-rush history has long been dominated by narratives of male adventure: of landscapes where men lived side by side, mateship took on increasing importance in the pursuit of gold, masculine behaviours and manners were emphasized and domesticity was shunned. In the early years of the rich discoveries of gold, men often travelled alone to the colony of Victoria in their search for wealth. This article examines a situation this unique environment created: where men unaccompanied by women – although women, too, were present on the diggings – were required to adopt practices perceived as feminine. It focuses in on needlework to explore the tensions that emerged given sewing was a defining female occupation during the nineteenth century, inhabiting a central place in the female experience. As this article highlights, sewing became an essential practice for men on the Victorian goldfields in order to keep themselves clothed, warm and dry. I consider how men approached their sewing tasks given needlework’s inextricable link with women, and the various strategies they used to frame their sewing in letters, diaries and memoirs – sometimes for close friends and family alone, and other times for wider dissemination. Drawing on sociological frameworks on constructions of gender, masculinity and manliness, I then consider how a shifting engagement with domestic practices may have strengthened rather than challenged identity on the goldfields.
Cyclic variations in the main components of the solar large-scale magnetic field
Authors: Obridko V N , Sokoloff D D , Shelting B D , Shibalova A S , Livshits I M 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWe consider variations of the dipole and quadrupole components of the solar large-scale magnetic field. Both axial and equatorial dipoles exhibit a systematic decrease during the past four cycles, in accordance with the general decrease of solar activity. The transition of the pole of a dipole from the polar region to the midlatitudes occurs rather quickly, so that the longitude of the pole changes little. With time, however, this inclined dipole region shifts to larger longitudes, which suggests an acceleration of dipole rotation. The mean rotation rate exceeds the Carrington velocity by 0.6 per cent. The behaviour of a quadrupole differs dramatically. Its decrease over the last four cycles was much smaller than that of the dipole moment. The ratio of the quadrupole and dipole moments has increased for four cycles more than twice, in contrast to sunspot numbers, which displayed a twofold decrease for the same time interval. Regarding quadrupole rotation, the mean longitude of the poles of one sign decreased by 600° over four cycles, which suggests that the mean rotation rate was lower than the Carrington velocity by 0.28 per cent. We do not, however, see any conclusive evidence that, in the period under discussion, a mode of quadrupole symmetry was excited in the Sun along with the dipole mode.
Nuclear envelope attachment of telomeres limits TERRA and telomeric rearrangements in quiescent fission yeast cells
Authors: Maestroni Laetitia , Reyes Céline , Vaurs Mélina , Gachet Yannick , Tournier Sylvie , Géli Vincent , Coulon Stéphane 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Telomere anchoring to nuclear envelope (NE) is a key feature of nuclear genome architecture. Peripheral localization of telomeres is important for chromatin silencing, telomere replication and for the control of inappropriate recombination. Here, we report that fission yeast quiescent cells harbor predominantly a single telomeric cluster anchored to the NE. Telomere cluster association to the NE relies on Rap1–Bqt4 interaction, which is impacted by the length of telomeric sequences. In quiescent cells, reducing telomere length or deleting bqt4, both result in an increase in transcription of the telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA). In the absence of Bqt4, telomere shortening leads to deep increase in TERRA level and the concomitant formation of subtelomeric rearrangements (STEEx) that accumulate massively in quiescent cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Rap1–Bqt4-dependent telomere association to NE preserves telomere integrity in post-mitotic cells, preventing telomeric transcription and recombination. This defines the nuclear periphery as an area where recombination is restricted, creating a safe zone for telomeres of post-mitotic cells.
Return to work advice after total hip and knee replacement
Authors: Nouri F , Coole C , Baker P , Drummond A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the information and advice on return to work received by patients undergoing total hip and knee replacement.

Aims
To investigate patients’ views and experiences of work-related advice provided by clinicians, and how this might be improved.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews with patients who had undergone total hip and knee replacement, were working prior to surgery and intended to return to work. Data were analysed thematically.

Results
Forty-five patients from three UK regions were consented. Eight themes were identified including lack of information, lack of an individualized approach and accessibility and acceptability of information dissemination methods. Patients identified their information needs and who they felt was best placed to address them.

Conclusions
Patients receive little information and advice on return to work following total hip and knee replacement, although not all patients required this. However, more focus is needed on providing this, and patients should be screened to ensure resources are best targeted with interventions being tailored to the individual.
Using the Post-Descendens Hypoglossal Nerve in Hypoglossal-Facial Anastomosis: An Anatomic and Histologic Feasibility Study
Authors: Tayebi Meybodi Ali , Moreira Leandro Borba , Zhao Xiaochun , Belykh Evgenii , Lawton Michael T , Eschbacher Jennifer M , Preul Mark C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis (HFA) is a popular facial reanimation technique. Mobilizing the intratemporal segment of the facial nerve and using the post-descendens hypoglossal nerve (ie, the segment distal to the take-off of descendens hypoglossi) have been proposed to improve results. However, no anatomic study has verified the feasibility of this technique.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the anatomic feasibility of HFA and the structural compatibility between the 2 nerves when the intratemporal facial and post-descendens hypoglossal nerves are used.

METHODS
The facial and hypoglossal nerves were exposed bilaterally in 10 sides of 5 cadaveric heads. The feasibility of a side-to-end (ie, partial end-to-end) HFA with partial sectioning of the post-descendens hypoglossal nerve and the mobilized intratemporal facial nerve was assessed. The axonal count and cross-sectional area of the facial and hypoglossal nerves at the point of anastomosis were assessed.

RESULTS
The HFA was feasible in all specimens with a mean (standard deviation) 9.3 (5.5) mm of extra length on the facial nerve. The axonal counts and cross-sectional areas of the hypoglossal and facial nerves matched well. Considering the reduction in the facial nerve cross-sectional area after paralysis, the post-descendens hypoglossal nerve can provide adequate axonal count and area to accommodate the facial nerve stump.

CONCLUSION
Using the post-descendens hypoglossal nerve for side-to-end anastomosis with the mobilized intratemporal facial nerve is anatomically feasible and provides adequate axonal count for facial reanimation. When compared with use of the pre-descendens hypoglossal nerve, this technique preserves C1 fibers and has a potential to reduce glottic complications.
The Sensor Technology and Rehabilitative Timing (START) Protocol: A Randomized Controlled Trial for the Rehabilitation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Parrington Lucy , Jehu Deborah A , Fino Peter C , Stuart Samuel , Wilhelm Jennifer , Pettigrew Natalie , Murchison Charles F , El-Gohary Mahmoud , VanDerwalker Jess , Pearson Sean , Hullar Timothy , Chesnutt James C , Peterka Robert J , Horak Fay B , King Laurie A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical practice for rehabilitation after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is variable, and guidance on when to initiate physical therapy is lacking. Wearable sensor technology may aid clinical assessment, performance monitoring, and exercise adherence, potentially improving rehabilitation outcomes during unsupervised home exercise programs.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to: (1) determine whether initiating rehabilitation earlier than typical will improve outcomes after mTBI, and (2) examine whether using wearable sensors during a home-exercise program will improve outcomes in participants with mTBI.DesignThis was a randomized controlled trial.SettingThis study will take place within an academic hospital setting at Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, and in the home environment.ParticipantsThis study will include 160 individuals with mTBI.InterventionThe early intervention group (n = 80) will receive one-on-one physical therapy 8 times over 6 weeks and complete daily home exercises. The standard care group (n = 80) will complete the same intervention after a 6- to 8-week wait period. One-half of each group will receive wearable sensors for therapist monitoring of patient adherence and quality of movements during their home exercise program.MeasurementsThe primary outcome measure will be the Dizziness Handicap Inventory score. Secondary outcome measures will include symptomatology, static and dynamic postural control, central sensorimotor integration posturography, and vestibular-ocular-motor function.LimitationsPotential limitations include variable onset of care, a wide range of ages, possible low adherence and/or withdrawal from the study in the standard of care group, and low Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores effecting ceiling for change after rehabilitation.ConclusionsIf initiating rehabilitation earlier improves primary and secondary outcomes post-mTBI, this could help shape current clinical care guidelines for rehabilitation. Additionally, using wearable sensors to monitor performance and adherence may improve home exercise outcomes.
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING AND IONIZING RADIATION EXPOSURE IN A LEVEL 1 TRAUMA CENTRE POPULATION MET WITH TRAUMA TEAM ACTIVATION: A ONE-YEAR PATIENT RECORD AUDIT
Authors: Bågenholm Anna , Løvhaugen Pål , Sundset Rune , Ingebrigtsen Tor 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This audit describes ionizing and non-ionizing diagnostic imaging at a regional trauma centre. All 144 patients (males 79.2%, median age 31 years) met with trauma team activation from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 were included. We used data from electronic health records to identify all diagnostic imaging and report radiation exposure as dose area product (DAP) for conventional radiography (X-ray) and dose length product (DLP) and effective dose for CT. During hospitalization, 134 (93.1%) underwent X-ray, 122 (84.7%) CT, 92 (63.9%) focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST), 14 (9.7%) ultrasound (FAST excluded) and 32 (22.2%) magnetic resonance imaging. One hundred and sixteen (80.5%) underwent CT examinations during trauma admissions, and 73 of 144 (50.7%) standardized whole body CT (SWBCT). DAP values were below national reference levels. Median DLP and effective dose were 2396 mGycm and 20.42 mSv for all CT examinations, and 2461 mGycm (national diagnostic reference level 2400) and 22.29 mSv for a SWBCT.
Adult Zebrafish Model for Screening Drug-Induced Kidney Injury
Authors: Kato Yuki , Tonomura Yutaka , Hanafusa Hiroyuki , Nishimura Kyohei , Fukushima Tamio , Ueno Motonobu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Drug-induced kidney injury is a serious safety issue in drug development. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of adult zebrafish as a small in vivo system for detecting drug-induced kidney injury. We first investigated the effects of typical nephrotoxicants, gentamicin and doxorubicin, on adult zebrafish. We found that gentamicin induced renal tubular necrosis with increased lysosome and myeloid bodies, and doxorubicin caused foot process fusion of glomerular podocytes. These findings were similar to those seen in mammals, suggesting a common pathogenesis. Second, to further evaluate the performance of the model in detecting drug-induced kidney injury, adult zebrafish were treated with 28 nephrotoxicants or 14 nonnephrotoxicants for up to 4 days, euthanized 24 h after the final treatment, and examined histopathologically. Sixteen of the 28 nephrotoxicants and none of the 14 nonnephrotoxicants caused drug-induced kidney injury in zebrafish (sensitivity, 57%; specificity, 100%; positive predictive value, 100%; negative predictive value, 54%). Finally, we explored genomic biomarker candidates using kidneys isolated from gentamicin- and cisplatin-treated zebrafish using microarray analysis and identified 3 candidate genes, egr1, atf3, and fos based on increased expression levels and biological implications. The expression of these genes was upregulated dose dependently in cisplatin-treated groups and was &gt; 25-fold higher in gentamicin-treated than in the control group. In conclusion, these results suggest that the adult zebrafish has (1) similar nephrotoxic response to those of mammals, (2) considerable feasibility as an experimental model for toxicity studies, and (3) applicability to pathological examination and genomic biomarker evaluation in drug-induced kidney injury.
Axial changes in wood functional traits have limited net effects on stem biomass increment in European beech (Fagus sylvatica)
Authors: Peters Richard L , von Arx Georg , Nievergelt Daniel , Ibrom Andreas , Stillhard Jonas , Trotsiuk Volodymyr , Mazurkiewicz Aleksandra , Babst Flurin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDuring the growing season, trees allocate photoassimilates to increase their aboveground woody biomass in the stem (ABIstem). This ‘carbon allocation’ to structural growth is a dynamic process influenced by internal and external (e.g., climatic) drivers. While radial variability in wood formation and its resulting structure have been intensively studied, their variability along tree stems and subsequent impacts on ABIstem remain poorly understood. We collected wood cores from mature trees within a fixed plot in a well-studied temperate Fagus sylvatica L. forest. For a subset of trees, we performed regular interval sampling along the stem to elucidate axial variability in ring width (RW) and wood density (ρ), and the resulting effects on tree- and plot-level ABIstem. Moreover, we measured wood anatomical traits to understand the anatomical basis of ρ and the coupling between changes in RW and ρ during drought. We found no significant axial variability in ρ because an increase in the vessel-to-fiber ratio with smaller RW compensated for vessel tapering towards the apex. By contrast, temporal variability in RW varied significantly along the stem axis, depending on the growing conditions. Drought caused a more severe growth decrease, and wetter summers caused a disproportionate growth increase at the stem base compared with the top. Discarding this axial variability resulted in a significant overestimation of tree-level ABIstem in wetter and cooler summers, but this bias was reduced to ~2% when scaling ABIstem to the plot level. These results suggest that F. sylvatica prioritizes structural carbon sinks close to the canopy when conditions are unfavorable. The different axial variability in RW and ρ thereby indicates some independence of the processes that drive volume growth and wood structure along the stem. This refines our knowledge of carbon allocation dynamics in temperate diffuse-porous species and contributes to reducing uncertainties in determining forest carbon fixation.