bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modelling and optimal cost-effective control of COVID-19 transmission dynamics
Authors: Olaniyi S. , Obabiyi O.S. , Okosun K.O. , Oladipo A.T. , Adewale S.O. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a new strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains the current global health challenge. In this paper, an epidemic model based on system of ordinary differential equations is formulated by taking into account the transmission routes from symptomatic, asymptomatic and hospitalized individuals. The model is fitted to the corresponding cumulative number of hospitalized individuals (active cases) reported by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), and parameterized using the least squares method. The basic reproduction number which measures the potential spread of COVID-19 in the population is computed using the next generation operator method. Further, Lyapunov function is constructed to investigate the stability of the model around a disease-free equilibrium point. It is shown that the model has a globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium if the basic reproduction number of the novel coronavirus transmission is less than one. Sensitivities of the model to changes in parameters are explored. It is revealed further that the basic reproduction number can be brought to a value less than one in Nigeria, if the current effective transmission rate of the disease can be reduced by 50%. Otherwise, the number of active cases may get up to 2.5% of the total estimated population. In addition, two time-dependent control variables, namely preventive and management measures, are considered to mitigate the damaging effects of the disease using Pontryagin's maximum principle. The most cost-effective control measure is determined through cost-effectiveness analysis. Numerical simulations of the overall system are implemented in MatLab® for demonstration of the theoretical results.
Rapid transition to online teaching during COVID 19: Students’ and Teachers’ Perceptions in a Pioneer Caribbean Dental School
Authors: Rafeek Reisha , Sa Bidyadhar , Harnarayan Patrick , Farnon Niall , Singh Shala , Giddings Stanley , Reid Sandra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The sudden advent of the COVID pandemic resulted in the closure of schools and universities in Trinidad, limiting face to face interactions and removing dental students from the clinical environment in The University of the West Indies. The dental school was challenged to complete the final year teaching with a rapid transition to online teaching. This study examined students’ and teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of emergency remote online teaching.Method: An online cross-sectional survey was administered on the perception of the online learning environment and challenges experienced and effectiveness of strategies used. Overall thirty-three dental students and eleven clinical academic teachers participated. The questionnaire was emailed to the participants for data collection and they responded by using a Likert scale. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined. Chi-squared (χ2) tests were applied for determining the perceptions of students and teachers towards online teaching. Frequencies and percentages were also computed.Result: Cronbach’s alpha of the students’ and teachers’ questionnaire was calculated at 0.838 and 0.801 respectively. The majority of students (60.6% - 89.5%) perceived that online teaching strategies, have enhanced their clinical reasoning and critical thinking skills in clinical practice, felt motivated to learn, liked learning in their own space, at their own pace and found it easy to adapt. Nearly two-third students (63.6%) were happy to recommend continued use of online strategies. However, the majority (87.9%) perceived it to be somewhat or not effective at all in acquiring clinical skills. The challenges experienced were problems with connectivity to the internet (87.9%) while (48.5%) had experienced distraction during remote teaching. All χ2 values were found to be statistically signiﬁcant (either P<0.01 or P<0.05). The majority of teachers (72.7% - 92.9%) perceived that they created an enthusiastic online environment, effectively communicated with the students, engaged students in clinical reasoning and critical thinking and gave formative feedback. Teachers were equally divided on whether or not they prepared students to practice clinical skills.Conclusion: Students’ perceptions are similar to teachers’ perceptions in both are positive to the online teaching strategies but both groups reflected concerns over the acquisition of clinical skills.
The association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and obesity indices in university students in Tehran
Authors: Cheshm Narges Khamoush , Ataie-Jafari Asal , Eghtesadi Shahryar , Nikravan Aniseh , Shivappa Nitin , Hebert James R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Obesity, a major cause of low-grade chronic inflammation, is a major public health issue globally. Inflammation arising from obesity affects organs, such as kidney and liver, and is associated with chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and obesity indices in university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 361 college students. DII scores were calculated from dietary data collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric measurements were taken, and body composition analyzed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Results: The mean age of the 361 students was 21.94 ± 4.04 years and 53.2% were female The mean DII was 1.26 ± 1.08. Among participants, 36.8% were overweight and obese and 9.1% suffered from abdominal obesity. The DII score was not associated with body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference or visceral fat (both unadjusted and after adjustment for covariates). Conclusion: The present study showed no association between the DII and obesity indices given the proven effects of both the DII and obesity on health indicators, it would be a good strategy to conduct studies with prospective designs to determine the exact effects of DII on obesity indicators. Key words: dietary inflammatory index, obesity, fat mass, anthropometric.
The genus Dermoloma is more diverse than expected and forms a monophyletic lineage in the Tricholomataceae
Authors: Sánchez-García Marisol , Adamčíková Katarína , Moreau Pierre-Arthur , Vizzini Alfredo , Jančovičová Soňa , Kiran Munazza , Caboň Miroslav , Matheny Patrick Brandon , Adamčík Slavomír 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present the first phylogenetic evaluation of the genus Dermoloma , which is resolved as monophyletic and closely related to Pseudotricholoma , a poorly-known Dermoloma -like lineage within the family Tricholomataceae. The position of Dermoloma is confirmed by the placement of the type species, D. cuneifolium , represented by multiple samples including the neotype. Based on our phylogenetic analyses, we recognised 25 European operational taxonomic units (OTUs), but could only assign species names to ten of them based on ex-type sequences. Furthermore, only five additional published Dermoloma names of uncertain status are available for the remaining 16 potential European species, thus demonstrating an unexpected amount of taxonomic diversity. Samples from Europe and North America seem to be endemic on a continental scale. North American samples formed six unique OTUs, but only one could be reliably named, D. hymenocephalum . Dermoloma is morphologically defined by basidiomata with brown, grey and white colours with a farinaceous odour and a pluristratous hymeniderm type of pileipellis. Our phylogenetic analyses support the subdivision of the genus into two subgenera and four sections, species with inamyloid basidiospores are placed in subg. Dermoloma and those with amyloid basidiospores in subg. Amylospora . Both subgenera are further divided in two sections. The analysis of spore morphology shows that sect. Conica of subg. Dermoloma and sect. Nigrescentia of subg. Amylospora have a very distinctive spore shape. Sect. Atrobrunnea of subg. Amylospora showed relatively high variability of spores among species, but spores of sect. Dermoloma were similar and not useful for species discrimination.
Roller Skating Promotes the Physical Health of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review&nbsp;and Meta&nbsp;analysis
Authors: Zhao Wei , Wang Changquan , Hou Lijuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: This meta-analysis aimed to systematically analyse the influencing factors of roller skating on the physical health of children and adolescents and to discuss the intervention effect of roller skating on the physical health of children and adolescents. Methods: Taking "Roller Skating", "Children", "Youth", "roller-skating", "minors", "childhood", and "adolescent" as the subject words, a combination of subject words and free text was used to perform a comprehensive search of 7 electronic databases: China Knowledge Network (CNKI), WanFang and Weipu Periodicals, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus. We searched for randomized controlled trials of roller skating with respect to promoting the health of children and adolescents. We searched from inception to 31 December 2019, with no language restrictions.Results: Sixteen studies with 1296 patients were included. Pooled analysis showed a favorable effect of Roller Skating in total effective rate.Balance ability (SMD=0.86,95%CI:0.72-1.01;Z=11.94,P < 0.0001),Lower Limb power(SMD=0.52,95%CI:0.33-0.70;Z=5.55,P<0.0001),Speed quality(SMD=0.17,95%CI:0.14-0.20;Z=11.67,P<0.01),Social adaptability(SMD=0.68,95%CI:0.32-1.04;Z=3.67,P<0.01)andEndurace quality(SMD=-0.24,95%CI:-0.38-0.10;Z=3.42,P<0.01)while no significant differences were found in Bodyheigh(SMD=0.13,95%CI:-0.01-0.27;Z=1.79,P>0.01),Flexibility(SMD=0.05,95%CI:-0.09-0.19;Z=0.65,P>0.01),Sensitive quality(SMD=0.64,95%CI:-1.13-2.41;Z=0.71,P>0.01) and Vita capacity(SMD=1.92,95% CI:0.17-3.67;Z=2.15,P>0.01) between the two groups.Conclusion: The current evidence shows that roller skating effectively promotes balance, lower limb strength, speed quality, body endurance and social adaptability in children and adolescents; the improvement in male endurance was lower than that in females in the adolescent stage. However, the improvement in male lower limb strength was greater than that of females, and there was no improvement in the flexibility and agility of males or females in these two periods.
Impact of urbanization on variability of annual and flood season precipitation in a typical city of North China
Authors: Li Peijun , Zuo Depeng , Xu Zongxue , Gao Xiaoxi , Peng Dingzhi , Kan Guangyuan , Sun Wenchao , Pang Bo , Yang Hong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Urbanization plays an important role in a global change, but there are few studies that combine land use with topography and precipitation. The urbanization in Jinan, a typical city of North China, between the 1980s and 2005 was analyzed by transition matrix analysis, and the topographic effects on land use changes were explored considering altitude, slope, and aspect. The temporal trends and abrupt changes of annual and flood season precipitation for the last 60 years were detected by multiple nonparametric detection methods, and the precipitation indices were adopted to characterize the frequency and intensity of precipitation. The relationship between urbanization and precipitation was finally investigated by grey correlation analysis. The results showed that land use structure in Jinan experienced a dramatic change during recent decades due to the urbanization process, the conversion of cropland to forest, and the protection of spring in Jinan. The land use types that closely related to mankind's activities and living behaviors were more concentrated in areas with lower altitude and slope, and detected more significant changes. The significant abrupt changes of precipitation generally occurred in 1989 and concentrated in urban areas and southern mountainous areas with high increment. The increase of flood season precipitation was more significant in the central urban region with a maximum increasing rate of 39.52%, and the increase in the number of storm and precipitation days was also obvious. The precipitation indices in the flood season were more closely related to changes in farmland and settlements affected by urbanization with a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.75. These findings illustrate the impact of urbanization on the variability of precipitation and support that the changes in the urban underlying surface have a certain effect on the surface energy balance.
Evaluating the hydrological utility of satellite-based rainfall products using neural network models over the Ghare Ghieh River basin, Iran
Authors: Abdollahipour Arman , Ahmadi Hassan , Aminnejad Babak 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent years, gridded precipitation data derived from satellite rainfall products have become critical data sources for hydrological applications, especially in ungauged basins where rain gauges are sparse or nonexistent. Also, in streamflow simulations, since the existing rainfall–runoff modelling methods require exogenous input with some assumptions, neural networks can be an efficient solution. In this paper, to simulate daily streamflow on the Ghare Ghieh River basin in northwestern Iran, the Levenberg–Marquardt Neural Network (LMNN) and the Particle Swarm Optimization Neural Network (PSONN) models are proposed. These models are trained and tested with different input patterns from ground-based data for water years of 1988–2008. Then, three satellite-based precipitation datasets, including TRMM-3B42V7, TRMM-3B42RT, and PERSIANN with 0.25° × 0.25° resolutions from 2003 to 2008, are used as inputs for the best-trained models which were selected in the testing step. These products are evaluated before and after calibration in streamflow simulation, and the Geographical Difference Analysis method is used to calibrate them. The results showed that the PSONN model performed better than the LMNN model. Also, in both models, before calibration of satellite precipitation products, TRMM-3B42 showed better performance in streamflow simulation, and after calibration, TRMM-3B42RT performed much better.
Estimation of load capture ratio for evaluating LID facilities performance in Korea
Authors: Choi Jeonghyeon , Kim Sangdan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Accurate performance evaluation is required for efficient design or installation of Low Impact Development (LID) facilities. However, the existing evaluation method in Korea needs to be improved since it has been derived for non-point reduction facilities. The purpose of this study is to propose a new design formula for three types of LID facilities. Through the long-term continuous simulation of EPA SWMM, the Load Capture Ratio (LCR) for LID facilities such as bio-retentions, infiltration trenches, and vegetative swales was estimated. As a result of the sensitivity analysis to verify the newly derived LCR formula, it can be seen that not only the regional rainfall characteristics but also the infiltration capacity of the native soil play an important role in the accuracy of the proposed LCR formula.
miRNAs in SARS-CoV 2: A Spoke in the Wheel of Pathogenesis
Authors: Satyam Rohit , Bhardwaj Tulika , Goel Sachin , Jha Niraj Kumar , Jha Saurabh Kumar , Nand Parma , Ruokolainen Janne , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Kesari Kavindra Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Introduction::
The rapid emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an increased mortality rate across the globe. However, the underlying mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 altering human immune response is still elusive. The existing literature on miRNA mediated pathogenesis of RNA virus viz. Dengue virus, West Nile virus, etc. raises a suspicion that miRNA encoded by SARS-CoV-2 might facilitate virus replication and regulate the host’s gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.

Methods::
We investigated this possibility via computational prediction of putative miRNAs encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 genome using a novel systematic pipeline that predicts putative mature-miRNA and their targeted genes transcripts. To trace down if viral-miRNAs targeted the genes critical to the immune pathway, we assessed whether mature miRNA transcripts exhibit effective hybridization with the 3’UTR region of human gene transcripts. Conversely, we also tried to study human miRNA-mediated viral gene regulation to get insight into the miRNA mediated offense and defense mechanism of viruses and their host organisms in toto.

Results::
Our analysis led us to shortlist six putative miRNAs that target, majorly, genes related to cell proliferation/differentiation/signaling, and senescence. Nonetheless, they also target immune-related genes that directly/indirectly orchestrate immune pathways like TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) signaling and Chemokine signaling pathways putatively serving as the nucleus to cytokine storms.

Conclusion::
Besides, these six miRNAs were found to conserved so far across 80 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 (NCBI Virus, last assessed 12 April 2020) including Indian strains that are also targeted by 7 human miRNAs and can, therefore, be exploited to develop MicroRNA-Attenuated Vaccines.
Synthesis, characterization, antitubercular and anti-inflammatory activity of new pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines
Authors: Kulkarni Ravindra , Kompalli Krishna , Gaddam Naveen , V Chandrashekar , Darna Bikshupati , Garlapati Achaiah , Kumar Dileep , Machha Baswaraju 
Published: October 2020

Aims and Objective:
Copious proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β are involved in progression of inflammation in human body. Inhibition of signaling mediated by proinflammatory cytokines offer effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The treatment of dreadful infectious disease mycobacterium tuberculosis still remains a challenge owing to resistance to multiple drugs hence an urgent need for newer drugs. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines have been disclosed to possess numerous pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitubercular activities. Here in we report the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines for anti-inflammatory and antitubercular activities.

Materials and Methods:
The targeted compounds having pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines 8a-m were synthesized in three step reactions with the formation of key intermediate 5-amino-4-cyno-1-phenyl pyrazole which upon cyclization resulted in 4amino pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine for subsequent benzoylation with substituted benzoyl chlorides to form 8a-m. Antiinflammatory activity of 8a-m was assessed at 25 mg/Kg dose and minimum inhibitory concentration against gram positive, gram negative and mycobacteria was also performed. Binding interactions were also measured in binding pocket of p38 kinase.

Results:
Four compounds 8a, 8b, 8e and 8i significant anti-inflammatory activity in rat paw edema model induced by carrageenan and among all 8b was potent with 80.6% activity. Numerous compounds exhibited potent activity against fungal strains than bacterial strains, compound 8k was most potent against gram negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae. Compounds 8d, 8e and 8f exhibited antitubercular activity with MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL

Conclusion:
Substituted N-benzoylated amino pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines endowed significant and potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Molecular docking studies also revealed favorable interactions in active site of p38 kinase.
Anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Mechanism of Houttuynia cordata Thunb Exploration based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Du Haitao , Ding Jie , Wang Ping , Zhang Guisheng , WANG Dandan , Ma Qingyun , Li Na , Sun Tiefeng 
Published: October 2020

Background and Objective:
: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of infant lower respiratory tract infections with no mature vaccines and medicines available. Pneumonia caused by RSV kills many infants every year. There are unique advantages for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to fight against the virus. Houttuynia cordata Thunb is a commonly used anti-virus medicine in TCM, but its mechanism has not been investigated. The current study explores the anti-RSV mechanism of H. cordata Thunb by means of network pharmacology and bioinformatics.

Method:
The candidate compounds of H. cordata Thunb and the potential targets were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), PubMed, CNKI, PubChem Database, and Swiss Target Prediction database. Then the potential targets and pathways of H. cordata Thunb against RSV were screened by GeneCards, GenCLiP 3, and NCBI Database. We developed a Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) Network and Compound-Target-Pathway Network through the Cytoscape software. Furthermore, core targets were preliminary verification by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database by bioinformatics methods. At last, the first 6 pathways were screened out to draw a map of the main target signal pathways.

Results::
A total of 12 potentially active compounds and 47 potential interaction targets were screened. PPI Network and data from GEO showed that IL-6, STAT3, TNF, AKT1, PTGS2, SRC, and MAPK3 may play a core role in the antivirus process. KEGG enrichment pathway analysis predicted that H. cordata Thunb exerted its anti-RSV effect by regulating TNF, Rap1, HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and VEGF signaling pathways.

Conclusion: :
This study preliminarily predicted the main active compounds, targets and related pathways of H. cordata Thunb in the treatment of RSV-induced diseases, which laid a good foundation for further revealing its mechanism.
Acute Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and the Ameliorative Effect of Stingless Bee Honey
Authors: Ranneh Yazan , Mahmoud Ayman M. , Fadel Abdulmannan , Albujja Mohammed , Akim Abdah Md , Hamid Hasiah Ab. , Khazaai Huzwah 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Systemic acute inflammation is the hallmark of sepsis and associated with multiple organ dysfunction.

Objective:
This study investigated the potential of stingless bee honey (SBH) to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic acute inflammation in rats and to reveal the probable mechanism of action.

Methods:
Rats received 4.6 and 9.2 g/kg SBH for 7 days followed by a single injection of LPS after
which blood samples were taken 6h later.

Results:
LPS induced liver, kidney, heart, and lung injury, were manifested by increased serum
transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, creatinine, and urea, along with multiple histological
alterations, particularly leukocyte infiltration. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were elevated in
the serum, and NF-κB p65, p38 MAPK, and HMGB-1 were significantly increased in different tissues
of LPS-challenged rats. SBH prevented tissue injury, ameliorated pro-inflammatory cytokines,
and suppressed NF-κB p65, p38 MAPK, and HMGB-1 in rats that had received LPS. In addition,
SBH diminished reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative
DNA damage, and enhanced glutathione and Nrf2 in LPS-treated rats.

Conclusion:
SBH prevents systemic acute inflammation by suppressing NF-κB, p38 MAPK, HMGB-1, oxidative stress and tissue injury in rats. Thus, SBH may represent an effective anti-inflammatory nutraceutical, pending further mechanistic studies.