bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current state of the practice for facility siting studies
Authors: Mander Thomas J. , Sarrack Anthony , Diakow Peter , Bruce‐Black Joshua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFacilities that handle hazardous materials above threshold quantities are required to assess the impacts due to postulated accidents involving releases of these materials, and to ensure that people are adequately protected from the associated fire, explosion, and toxic hazards. An analysis of these hazards can be based solely on consequences from maximum credible events or can incorporate the likelihood of the events to characterize results in terms of risk. The methods of performing these analyses may vary, but, regardless of the specific techniques used, fundamental principles of thoroughness and defensibility should be achieved. This study describes best practices and basic requirements for consequence‐based and risk‐based facility siting studies (FSSs), also commonly referred to as quantitative risk analyses, consistent with industry guidance. The fundamental objective of a consequence‐based or risk‐based FSS is to ensure that the consequences or risks posed by facility operations are minimized to the extent practical.
Does the ARCS motivational model affect students’ achievement and motivation? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Goksu Idris , Islam Bolat Yusuf 
Published: August 2020

In this meta‐analysis, the aim is to determine the overall effect of the ARCS (attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction) model of motivation on students‘ academic achievement, motivation, attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction. Additionally, the effect of the model is analysed according to the learning environment in which the model is integrated, discipline area, education level and sample size. The primary studies included in the study were obtained from Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, ERIC and PsycARTICLE databases. A total of 38 controlled experimental studies in the form of peer‐reviewed articles were coded, resulting in 110 extracted effect size (ES). The sample size of the primary studies involves 8690 students from K‐12 (kindergarten to 12th grade) and higher education. Random‐effects model was used for overall ES, mixed‐effects model for categorical moderators and meta‐regression analysis for integer moderators. As a result of the study, it was determined that the overall effect of ARCS on achievement was at medium level (ES = 0.74) and the overall effect on motivation was at small level (ES = 0.43). ESs of achievement differed by the moderators of discipline and the ESs of motivation differed by the moderator of education level. There was not a significant relationship between the effect of ARCS on achievement and motivation, and moderator of sample size. Remarkable ESs have been obtained in the learning environment moderator related to the dependent variables of blended learning, robots, augmented reality; in the discipline moderator related to architecture, computer technologies, sciences and maths; in the level of education moderator related to undergraduate variables. In addition, very large ES related to the attention component of ARCS was obtained. The results obtained in this study do not represent the strength of the evidence, as it is based on the validity and reliability of primary studies.
Forced gas injection and water infiltration into sand — A two‐phase flow barrel and column experiment
Authors: Ben‐Noah Ilan , Nitsan Ido , Friedman Shmulik P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoil aeration (i.e., soil air content and composition) is of major importance in agricultural and environmental practices. Poor aeration reduces plant growth, development, yield, and resistance to diseases and other abiotic stresses (e.g., salinity). In many soils contaminated with hydrocarbons, low O2 supply limits the rate of contaminant decomposition and prolongs remediation. Soil aeration is governed by diffusion of O2 from the atmosphere and countercurrent diffusion of CO2 to the atmosphere. Injection of air (with an atmospheric O2 concentration of 20.9%) into poorly aerated soils is expected to improve soil aeration by enriching it with O2 and extracting CO2. In addition, air flow causes redistribution of soil water. Water redistribution is affected by operational (discharge rate, frequency, duty cycle) and geometrical (depth and distance between sources) air injection parameters, soil parameters (e.g., water retention and conductivity), and irrigation geometry and scheduling. We studied forced one‐ and three‐dimensional air (or N2) and water injection into packed wet sand and analyzed the effect of air injection on soil aeration and water redistribution in granular media. The study demonstrates the applicability of the Darcy–Buckingham law to air flow at different degrees of water saturation and for a large relevant range of capillary numbers. We also suggest a simple method to measure the soil's conductivity to air (Darcy's constant) for different air contents and use a simple analytical solution to estimate O2 diffusion from the atmosphere. We discuss the effect of operational air injection parameters on aeration's effectiveness and efficiency.
Static beam placement and frequency plan algorithms for LEO constellations
Authors: Pachler de la Osa Nils , Guerster Markus , del Portillo Barrios Inigo , Crawley Edward , Cameron Bruce 
Published: August 2020

SummaryLEO satellites are growing rapidly in number, but also in configurability of the payload, which presents new challenges of how to allocate the satellite's resources. We present an algorithm to solve two subproblems of the resource allocation problem for multi‐beam satellites in large LEO constellations. Our approach produces a static beam placement and a static frequency plan, taking into account the user demands and interference conditions, respectively. We provide an easy to implement and fast approximation for the beam placement problem, which is converted into an Edge Clique Cover problem using graph theory. The frequency assignment problem is translated into a constraint satisfaction problem, which is later solved with a first‐fit heuristic. We apply our algorithm to a scenario based on SpaceX's Starlink constellation, and when compared to two different baselines, we show that our method requires 40% fewer beams while being able to provide service to 2% more users.
Annulation of Ketene Dithioacetals and Sulfonyl Hydrazines for the Synthesis of N‐Sulfonyl 5‐Alkylthiopyrazoles
Authors: Li Yi , Wan Jie‐Ping , Liu Yunyun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA facile method for the synthesis of pyrazoles bearing novel N‐sulfonyl and 5‐alkylthio functional substructures has been developed via the reactions of ketene dithioacetals and sulfonyl hydrazines. The reactions are conducted with simple p‐toluenesulfonic acid (p‐TSA) promotion and mild heating under air atmosphere, leading to the synthesis of target products with highly diverse functional substitution.
Racism, stress and health in Asian Americans: A structural equation analysis of mediation and social support group differences
Authors: Kim HaeDong , Epstein Norman B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe buffering effect of social support on the negative effects of racism exposure on health outcomes has been mixed in prior studies regarding Asian Americans. Based on the stress‐coping framework and using structural equation modelling (SEM) methods, we tested a theoretical model portraying simultaneous mediational paths from racism exposure to general physical and mental health through racism‐related stress. Bootstrap analysis was used to test the indirect effects present in the model. Additionally, multi‐group SEM analysis was conducted to investigate the moderation effect of social support from family and friends on the paths in the model. The sample consisted of 310 Asian American adults who completed an online survey. The results from the two‐step SEM analysis and bootstrap analysis supported the theoretical model—racism exposure can simultaneously have a negative indirect effect on Asian Americans' physical and mental health via racism‐related stress. Multi‐group SEM analysis showed that there were no differences in model path coefficients based on having varying levels of social support from friends or family.
Miniature Hollow Gold Nanorods with Enhanced Effect for In Vivo Photoacoustic Imaging in the NIR‐II Window
Authors: Cai Kai , Zhang Weiyun , Foda Mohamed F. , Li Xuyu , Zhang Jin , Zhong Yeteng , Liang Huageng , Li Huiqiao , Han Heyou , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe miniaturization of gold nanorods exhibits a bright prospect for intravital photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and the hollow structure possesses a better plasmonic property. Herein, miniature hollow gold nanorods (M‐AuHNRs) (≈46 nm in length) possessing strong plasmonic absorbance in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window (1000–1350 nm) are developed, which are considered as the most suitable range for the intravital PAI. The as‐prepared M‐AuHNRs exhibit 3.5 times stronger photoacoustic signal intensity than the large hollow Au nanorods (≈105 nm in length) at 0.2 optical density under 1064 nm laser irradiation. The in vivo biodistribution measurement shows that the accumulation in tumor of miniature nanorods is twofold as high as that of the large counterpart. After modifying with a tumor‐targeting molecule and fluorochrome, in living tumor‐bearing mice, the M‐AuHNRs group gives a high fluorescence intensity in tumors, which is 3.6‐fold that of the large ones with the same functionalization. Moreover, in the intravital PAI of living tumor‐bearing mice, the M‐AuHNRs generate longer‐lasting and stronger photoacoustic signal than the large counterpart in the NIR‐II window. Overall, this study presents the fabrication of M‐AuHNRs as a promising contrast agent for intravital PAI.
Bewertung der Trag‐ und Ermüdungssicherheit der Kaiserleibrücke über den Main – Beispiel einer objektbezogenen Anwendung der Nachrechnungsrichtlinie (NRR)
Authors: Pelke Eberhard , Berger Dieter , Geißler Karsten , Stein Ronald 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDie 1964 fertiggestellte Kaiserleibrücke bei Frankfurt als großartiges Beispiel des Brückenbaus der Nachkriegszeit überführt die Autobahn A 661 über den Main. Es handelt sich bei der 220 m weit gestützten Doppelbogenbrücke um die Straßenbrücke mit der größten Spannweite in Hessen. Eine realitätsnahe Bewertung wurde vor allem auf der Basis eines Bauwerksmonitorings in Stufe 3 der NRR möglich. Damit konnten einerseits das Berechnungsmodell optimiert sowie weiterhin auf Basis der gemessenen Last‐ und Beanspruchungskollektive die einwirkungsseitigen charakteristischen Werte für die Tragfähigkeitsnachweise sowie die ermüdungswirksamen Beanspruchungen objektbezogen festgelegt werden. Im Fazit kann die Kaiserleibrücke nach geringfügigen Sanierungs‐ bzw. Verstärkungsmaßnahmen noch einige Jahrzehnte unter Schwerverkehr ungefähr der heutigen Stärke erhalten bleiben. Der Erhalt dieser sehr ästhetischen Bogenbrücke ist nicht nur ein Beitrag zur Baukultur, sondern dient auch der bestmöglichen Ressourcenschonung.
Rate effect on the stress–strain behavior of concrete under uniaxial tensile stress
Authors: Gao Xiangling , Zhou Laijun , Ren Xiaodan , Li Jie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConcrete is a typical rate‐dependent material, and a direct tensile test is the most effective method by which to investigate its tensile performance. In this study, an additional loading device for direct uniaxial tensile tests was designed and fabricated to achieve central loading and determine the descending stage during direct tensile tests. Experimental results prove that the device is reliable and convenient for reuse; it is characterized by its ability to obtain complete stress–strain curves and to be used for many repetitive tests. Initially, 27 prismatic specimens were used to test the compressive strengths and elastic moduli of concrete specimens with designed compressive strengths of 25, 30, and 50 MPa. Next, a total of 256 uniaxial direct tensile tests were carried out, including 101 static tests at a loading strain rate of 10−5 s−1 and 155 dynamic tests at loading strain rates of 10−4 s−1 and 10−2 s−1. A total of 121 complete stress–strain curves were acquired for the 256 direct tensile tests. According to the test results, the SDs of the entire curves of the tensile stress of concrete are presented, and the energy absorption capacities of the specimens were also determined. The effects of the loading rate on the mean and variability of the peak stress, peak secant modulus, elastic modulus, and peak strain were analyzed. With the increase of the strain rate, the other indexes, excluding the peak strain, were found to notably increase.
Shear transfer behavior between substrate recycled aggregate concrete and new natural aggregate concrete
Authors: Liu Kaihua , Zou Chaoying , Yan Jiachuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigated the shear transfer behavior between substrate recycled aggregate concrete and new natural aggregate concrete. A total of 72 push‐off tests with substrate‐to‐new concrete specimens were performed considering the effects of concrete strength grade, replacement ratios of recycled coarse aggregate, and lateral constraints ratios. Existing design codes and empirical models for calculating shear strength were reviewed and verified. Results show that concrete cracks occurred and developed along the shear transfer plane. Increasing the concrete grade and lateral constraints can both improve the crack stress and shear strength, while the incorporation of recycled coarse aggregate has a slight adverse effect on them. The model in fib Model Code 2010 based on shear‐friction theory gave the most accurate but still conservative values compared with experimental results and can be used to predict the shear transfer behavior between substrate recycled aggregate concrete and new natural aggregate concrete.
Identifying patterns of students' performance on simulated inquiry tasks using PISA 2015 log‐file data
Authors: Teig Nani , Scherer Ronny , Kjærnsli Marit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated the potential of examining log‐file data from computer‐based assessments to understand student interactions with complex inquiry tasks. Rather than solely providing information about what has been achieved or the accuracy of student responses (product data), students' log files offer additional insights into how the responses were produced (process data). In this study, we examined students' log files to detect patterns of students' interactions with computer‐based assessment and to determine whether unique characteristics of these interactions emerge as distinct profiles of inquiry performance. Knowledge about the characteristics of these profiles can shed light on why some students are more successful at solving simulated inquiry tasks than others and how to support student understanding of scientific inquiry through computer‐based environments. We analyzed the Norwegian PISA 2015 log‐file data, science performance as well as background questionnaire (N = 1,222 students) by focusing on two inquiry tasks, which required scientific reasoning skills: coordinating the effects of multiple variables and coordinating theory and evidence. Using a mixture modeling approach, we identified three distinct profiles of students' inquiry performance: strategic, emergent, and disengaged. These profiles revealed different characteristics of students' exploration behavior, inquiry strategy, time‐on‐task, and item accuracy. Further analyses showed that students' assignment to these profiles varied according to their demographic characteristics (gender, socio‐economic status, and language at home), attitudes (enjoyment in science, self‐efficacy, and test anxiety), and science achievement. Although students' profiles on the two inquiry tasks were significantly related, we also found some variations in the proportion of students' transitions between profiles. Our study contributes to understanding how students interact with complex simulated inquiry tasks and showcases how log‐file data from PISA 2015 can aid this understanding.
An assessment of serum‐dependent impacts on intracellular accumulation and genomic response of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a placental trophoblast model
Authors: Bangma Jacqueline , Szilagyi John , Blake Bevin E. , Plazas Cinthya , Kepper Stewart , Fenton Suzanne E. , C. Fry Rebecca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of environmental contaminants, have been detected in human placenta and cord blood. The mechanisms driving PFAS‐induced effects on the placenta and adverse pregnancy outcomes are not well understood. This study investigated the impact of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and a replacement PFAS known as hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO‐DA, tradename GenX) on placental trophoblasts in vitro. Several key factors were addressed. First, PFAS levels in cell culture reagents at baseline were quantified. Second, the role of supplemental media serum in intracellular accumulation of PFAS in a human trophoblast (JEG3) cell line was established. Finally, the impact of PFAS on the expression of 96 genes involved in proper placental function in JEG3 cells was evaluated. The results revealed that serum‐free media (SFM) contained no detectable PFAS. In contrast, fetal bovine serum‐supplemented media (SSM) contained PFNA, PFUdA, PFTrDA, and 6:2 FTS, but these PFAS were not detected internally in cells. Intracellular accumulation following 24 hr treatments was significantly higher when cultured in SFM compared to SSM for PFOS and PFOA, but not HFPO‐DA. Treatment with PFAS was associated with gene expression changes (n = 32) in pathways vital to placental function, including viability, syncytialization, inflammation, transport, and invasion/mesenchymal transition. Among the most robust PFAS‐associated changes were those observed in the known apoptosis‐related genes,BADandBAX. These results suggest a complex relationship between PFAS, in vitro culture conditions, and altered expression of key genes necessary for proper placentation.
Effects of microplastics and earthworm burrows on soil macropore water flow within a laboratory soil column setup
Authors: Yu Miao , van der Ploeg Martine , Ma Xiaoyi , Ritsema Coen J , Geissen Violette 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSeveral earlier studies reported that microplastics (MP) accumulated on soil surfaces could be transported into the subsoil and ingested by soil biota, such as earthworms. The present study explores how networks of earthworm burrows and MP (low‐density polyethylene, LDPE) in subsoil affect the soil hydraulic properties and saturated water flow. A repacked and saturated sandy soil column experiment was conducted in an environment‐controlled laboratory with earthworms (anecic, Lumbricus terrestris) inoculated into the soil columns to form networks of macropore. The macropore network parameters (i.e., number, length, volume, diameter, soil saturated conductivity, and tracer breakthrough curves of soil columns) have been determined. The relative arrival times of the tracer mass (i.e. T5%, T25%, and T50%) were determined in order to describe the shapes of the breakthrough curves. The results show that in some breakthrough curves for the treatments with earthworms, there are two peaks. This is an indication that water was flowing faster in the macropores than in the soil matrix. There is a significant correlation between 5% arrival time and the median burrow volume, and the correlation coefficient was .571 (at the level of p < .05). The formation of macropores due to the burrowing activities of earthworms is considered the main cause of nonequilibrium water flow in the present study. The MP did not show any significant effect on the saturated water flow. This may be attribute to the low concentrations of MP used in the present study.
Textiles wastewater treatment technology: A review
Authors: Deng Dongyang , Lamssali Mehdi , Aryal Niroj , Ofori‐Boadu Andrea , Jha Manoj K. , Samuel Raymond E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe following is a review of published literature on textile wastewater in 2019. Presented are the sections described for the review: concise introduction on the textiles wastewater, followed by a review of present textile treatment technologies organized by physicochemical, biological, and combined processes. Lastly, a discussion of the future topics is presented.Practitioner points

The discharge of textile dye wastewater represents a serious environmental problem and public health concern.

Effluents from textile manufacturing, dyeing, and finishing processes contain high‐concentration recalcitrant chemicals that are resistant to biodegradation.

The textile wastewater needs environmental‐friendly and cost‐effective combined treatment process.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation enhances HuR oligomerization and contributes to pro-inflammatory gene mRNA stabilization
Authors: Ke Yueshuang , Lv Xueping , Fu Xingyue , Zhang Jing , Bohio Ameer Ali , Zeng Xianlu , Hao Wenjing , Wang Ruoxi , Boldogh Istvan , Ba Xueqing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is an important post-translational modification mainly catalyzed by poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). In addition to having important roles in DNA damage detection and repair, it functions in gene expression regulation, especially at the posttranscriptional level. Embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like 1/human antigen R (ELAVL/HuR), a canonical 3′ untranslated region AU-rich element-binding protein, is a crucial mRNA-stabilizing protein that protects target mRNAs from RNA-destabilizing protein- or microRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC)-mediated degradation. Additionally, in some cases, HuR itself either promotes or suppresses translation. Here, we demonstrated that in response to inflammatory stimuli, the PARylation of HuR, mostly at the conserved D226 site, by PARP1 increased the formation of the HuR oligomer/multimer, and HuR oligomerization promoted the disassociation of miRISC and stabilized the pro-inflammatory gene mRNAs. The prevention of PARP1 activation or HuR oligomerization attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory gene expression and the airway recruitment of neutrophils in mouse lungs. The present study verified a novel mechanism of PARP1 and HuR PARylation in the RNA stability regulation, increasing our understanding of how PARP1 regulates gene expression.