bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPURITY PROFILING IMPURITY PROFILING OF THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTION BY RP-HPLC AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DEGRADATION PRODUCT BY LC-MS/MS/QTOF
Authors: KONDRA SRINIVASU , A. T. BAPUJI , SANKAR D. GOWRI , RAJU POTTURI MURALI KRISHNAM 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To propose a comprehensive, simple, and affordable RP-HPLC method for impurity profiling and characterization of unknown degradation products of thiamine hydrochloride injectable formulation.
Methods: The chromatographic separation employs gradient mode using the octadecyl silane column using a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer with ion pair reagent, acetonitrile, and methanol delivered flow rate at 1.2 ml/min. The detection was carried out at 248 nm using empower software. LC-MS/MS/QTOF hyphenated technique was used for isolation and characterization of unknown degradation impurity. The performance of the method was systematically validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines.
Results: Degradation product observed in accelerated stability was characterized by LC-MS/MS/QTOF hyphenated technique and found m/z value 351.1604 and postulated as an oxidative degradation product of thiamine due to excipient interaction. The validated method was sensitive, selective, and specific data proves the method is precise and accurate from LOQ to 150% level and results are within 95-108% and less than 4.5% RSD. The developed method is linear from 0.03-58.83 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.990 and LOD and LOQ value ranged from 0.03 to1.51 μg/ml.
Conclusion: An efficient RP-HPLC method for impurity profiling of thiamine injectable formulation was successfully developed and unknown degradation product observed instability condition samples characterized by LC-MS/MS/QTOF technique. The validated method can be successfully employed for the impurity profiling of thiamine injectable in the quality control department.
OBETICHOLIC ACID: AN INSIGHT INTO A QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION AND METHODOLOGICAL VALIDATION THROUGH NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Authors: SAHU RAKESH , MISHRA RAKHI , MAJEE CHANDANA , KUMAR AJAY , MAZUMDER RUPA 
Published: November 2020

Objective: The research work unveils the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique for quantitative determination and method validation of obeticholic acid. As standard expository methodology for more up to date medications or formulations may not be available in pharmacopeias, hence it is fundamental need to create novel analytical procedures which should be precise and accurate.
Methods: Proton (1H) and carbon (13C) NMR analysis were initially performed to confirm the preliminary authenticity of obeticholic acid API. Method validation was accomplished on the basis of standard guidelines for the parameters, in which tetramethylbenzene as an internal standard and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide as a diluent were used to assess the obeticholic acid.
Results: For the quantification of the drug, the proton nuclear magnetic resonance signals at 0.602 ppm and 6.86 ppm corresponding to the analyte proton of drug and internal standard respectively were used. The curve equation calculated from the regression method, the relative-standard-deviation and correlation-coefficient were found to be 0.743% and 0.9989 respectively, indicating good linearity. Consequently, the quantitative assay of the drug was found to be 99.91% in linearity with limit of detection and quantification values as 0.0773 mg and 0.2344 mg respectively, making successful the study of method validation for obeticholic acid.
Conclusion: The advantage of the method was that no reference standard of analyte drug was required for quantification and method validation. The method is non-destructive and can be applied for quantification of drug in commercial pharmaceutical formulation products.
IN VITRO RELEASE PERFORMANCE OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE FORMULATIONS USING THE FLOW-THROUGH CELL METHOD
Authors: MEDINA-LÓPEZ JOSE RAUL , MEDINA-MORALES FRIDA IRIANA , GALVEZ LOMELIN RAFAEL ALONSO , RUIZ SEGURA JUAN CARLOS , HURTADO MARCELA 
Published: November 2020

Objective: The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro release performance of metformin hydrochloride formulations (500-mg tablets) using the hydrodynamic environment of the flow-through cell method. Results were compared with those generated by the official dissolution test (USP basket apparatus).
Methods: The reference drug product and three generic formulations were tested with phosphate buffer pH 6.8 as dissolution medium. Dissolution profiles were carried out with an automated flow-through cell apparatus using laminar flow at 16 ml/min. Drug was quantified at 233 nm during 45 min. Dissolution profiles were compared with the calculation of f2 similarity factor, mean dissolution time, dissolution efficiency, t50% and t63.2%. Dissolution data were adjusted to several mathematical models such as Makoid-Banakar, Peppas-Sahlin, Weibull and Logistic.
Results: With the flow-through cell method and at 45 min less than 60% of metformin hydrochloride dissolved was found, while with the USP basket apparatus, less than 75% of the drug was found. Some generic formulations showed f2>50 with both USP apparatuses, but statistical comparisons of parameters indicated significant differences between their dissolution profiles and reference. Due to variability obtained no dissolution profiles were compared by model-dependent approach.
Conclusion: To demonstrate safe interchangeability between metformin hydrochloride generic formulations and reference bioequivalence studies should be performed. It is important post-marketing monitoring of the commercial formulations because health regulatory agencies of each country must ensure drug products with quality, safety, and efficacy at the lowest possible cost.
SELECTION OF THE COMPOSITION OF A LIPOSOMAL DOSAGE FORM OF A RUSSIAN SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE WITH ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY
Authors: DMITRIEVA MARIA , SHPRAKH ZOYA , ORLOVA OLGA , IGNATYEVA ELENA , LANTSOVA ANNA , NIKOLAEVA LUDMILA , KRASNYUK IVAN 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Was to create the composition of the liposomal pharmaceutical form for injections of somatostatin analogue cyphetrylin using soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC).
Methods: The cyphetrylin, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), developed in the Chemical Synthesis Laboratory, the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; SPC and polyethylene glycol-2000-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE, Lipoid, Germany); cholesterol ≥99% (Sigma-Aldrich, Japan). The lipid film hydration method with subsequent liposomal dispersion filtration/extrusion through nylon membrane filters was used for the phospholipid vesicle production. Based on API and lipid components in different molar ratios, we studied over 15 model liposomal compositions and assessed each lipid's impact in use on quality attributes of resulting dispersions. Derived model samples of liposomal dispersion were estimated in terms of quality and efficiency of cyphetrylin encapsulation into vesicles, their average size and the surface charge (zeta potential), polydispersity index (PDI) and dispersion viscosity. We used spectral photometry, dispersion laser spectroscopy, electrophoretic particle mobility assay, and viscometry to assess these features.
Results: Pharmaceutical form components' desirable molar ratios determined: cyphetrylin/SPC at 1:60.0 and SPC/cholesterol/PEG-DSPE at 1:0.2:0.004, were determined. This composition allows cyphetrylin liposomal dispersion production with relatively stable vesicles of uniform size, 176 nm in diameter, and a 100% maximum rate of API encapsulation into the bilayer.
Conclusion: Technological and chemical/pharmaceutical studies resulted in selecting a preferable composition of an injectable liposomal pharmaceutical form model of somatostatin analog-based on the SPC.
Engineering Synthesis of VHF Antenna Matching Structures with Feeder Line Segments
Authors: Verba B. P. , Shishakov K. V. 
Published: November 2020

Системно рассмотрены инженерные методы синтеза структур согласования УКВ-антенн с использованием отрезков фидерных линий. При этом выбор согласующих структур ограничен применением реактивных элементов и отрезков линий передачи. Обсуждаются возможности и варианты расширения частотной полосы пассивного согласования на таких элементах. Наглядность материала обеспечивается его представлением на комплексной диаграмме Смита.Для использования эквивалентных электрических схем с сосредоточенными реактивными элементами приведены варианты их аналогов в виде шлейфов из замкнутых и разомкнутых отрезков линий передачи, а также показаны возможности создания эквивалентных последовательных и параллельных колебательных контуров с помощью агрегированных двухэлементных шлейфов.Рассмотрено создание реактивных сопротивлений с помощью вставок из отрезков линий. Выбором параметров последовательно включенных вставок можно создавать разные эквивалентные структуры из последовательно и параллельно включенных емкостей и индуктивностей, последовательных и параллельных колебательных контуров. Вставка отрезка линии передачи после нагрузки дополнительно позволяет перераспределять активную и реактивную составляющие входного сопротивления без изменения КСВ, включая изменение знака реактивной составляющей. При этом для упрощения реализации широкополосного согласующего устройства рекомендуется входное сопротивление перемещать ближе к горизонтальной оси в левой полуплоскости диаграммы Смита, так как в ней сопротивление изменяется меньше по сравнению с правой полуплоскостью.С помощью диаграммы Смита приведены разные варианты синтеза двухэлементных согласующих структур с использованием отрезков линий передачи, приведены методики их расчета. Обсуждается задача расширения полосы согласования на основе многоконтурных схем со структурой полосовых фильтров. Для иллюстрации влияния структуры согласующего устройства на ширину полосы согласования представлены результаты моделирования инженерно предложенных структур для случая укороченной антенны.
Awareness and perception of dentistry students studying in Cyprus regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ozverel Cenk Serhan , Kurtulmus-Yilmaz Sevcan 
Published: November 2020

COVID-19 has been recognized at the end of 2019 and has been recognized in more than 215 countries with more than 24 million reported cases. Dental practitioners were regarded under high risk of getting COVID-19 due to their working environment and the mode of transmission of the virus. Present study aimed to evaluate the awareness and assessing the knowledge of dental students and dentists on COVID-19.
The study population consisted of undergraduate students who are currently studying dentistry in Cyprus. Students were sent an onlinesurvey and data were collected on 16th of April. Survey was comprised of questions about the demography, education level of the participants, their infection control knowledge, conditions that require treatment during pandemic.
A total of 594 students with equal gender distribution joined the survey. The age group of the participants were mostly between 18-25 age (94%) with 63% pre-clinical and 37% clinical students. The majority of participants were aware that dentists were at high risk group in terms of COVID-19 (98.5%). When clinical questions were asked, data indicatedstrong relationship between participantsâ€™ responses with their level of study. Upon asking COVID-19 specific questions, participants that have taken microbiology course were reported to have higher correct answer rate.
Dental students studying in Cyprus demonstrated high awareness of COVID-19 and the higher risks of COVID-19 exposure that dental professionals face. Study demonstrated the importance of microbiology courses, as it significantly affected the answers to the questions on diagnosis methods and immune response to COVID-19.
Evaluation of T-Bet immunostaining in the counting of intraepithelial lymphocytes in celiac disease
Authors: Al-araji Amna E. , Omran Tuqa Z. , Ahmed Mohanad M. , Metib Nazar J. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate CD3, T-bet and GATA3 staining of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in comparison to the routine H&E stains in celiac disease.
Methods: a total of 50 patients, in whom celiac disease was diagnosed based on a combination of clinicopathological features, were enrolled in the study. Duodenal biopsied tissues were processed routinely into formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) blocks. Sections were prepared and stained with H&E and each of CD3, T-bet and GATA3. A number of histological criteria were measured to calculate the Marsh score. The results were analyzed using the IBM SPSS analytic software.
Results: a positive correlation was found between the count of T-bet stained cells and the increase of intraepithelial lymphocytes (P-value = 0.001). In addition, low count of GATA3 stained cells was seen in almost all cases. The count of GATA3 stained cells was not affected by the increase in IELs count.
Conclusions: the majority of increased IELs were stained with T-bet. Whereas in normal IELs count is less than half the IELs were stained with T-bet. This would indicate that T-bet immunostaining is a potential alternative to H&E and/or CD3 based counting of IELs.
COVID-19 impact on dental education in Iraq; Challenges and future implications
Authors: Albujeer Ammar N.H. 
Published: November 2020

Dear Editor-in-Cheif
As the Coronavirus pandemic exacerbates, its disproportionate impacts affects all aspects of the community and life. The dental schools and dentistry profession were in the front line of this changes and bear a large portion of this crisis.[1] This burdens added to the dental education in Iraq in addition to its current challenges. [2,3] Until October 28th 2020, Iraq registered 463,951 cases, and 10,770 persons died from COVID-19, which 2.3% from the infected cases and 6% of the death cases were dentists.[4] Upon on the WHO recommendations along with this high mortality rate made the policy makers in Iraqi MOH and MOHESR take the decisions for national wide lockdown and closure of dental schools in Iraq and minimize the dentists presence in public hospitals and dental centers to 25%, and just for emergency patients need since March 1st 2020. This decision affected the 5th stage students which had already graduate in September 2020 from taking the enough clinical training and patient management, while the successful e-learning coverage the theoretical educational sessions well. As its impossible to certain the end of this pandemic and this will be a real threaten for the new graduated dentists skills and knowledge to manage patients, the policy makers must change the dental education program in Iraq and to add the (Exit Interview) for all graduated students which would make a need assessment for the real need, and design an intensive course for them upon on their needs that would help dental schools and educators to ensure the dental education quality assurance. This intensive course could be like the General Practice Residency (GPR) which is accredited in USA.[5] This model could be considered in other effected countries which has the same lockdown and closed policy like Iraq.
ANALISIS PBL DENGAN DL MENGGUNAKAN MACROMEDIA FLASH TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI LAJU REAKSI DI SMA NEGERI 10 MEDAN
Authors: Siregar Siska Lestari , Panggabean Freddy Tua Musa 
Published: November 2020

The study aims (1) To find out whether there are differences in the value of student learning outcomes taught by PBL and DL models using macromedia flash (2) To find out the significant correlation between motivation and student learning outcomes. From the data analysis: (1) Student learning outcomes (84.06 ± 7.771) taught by applying PBL model using macromedia flash and student learning outcomes (74.53 ± 6.395) taught by applying DL model using macromedia flash which obtained a t-test of 5.357 and a sig value of 0,000 <0.05 (2) the correlation between student learning outcomes and student motivation in experimental class I obtained a correlation price of 0.955 while sig. (2-tailed) is 0,000 this value is smaller than the critical limit α = 0.05 (0,000 <0.05), meaning there is a very significant relationship between the two variables in the experimental class-I. And the correlation between learning outcomes and student motivation in experimental class II obtained a correlation value of 0.930 while sig. (2-tailed) is 0,000 this value is smaller than the critical limit α = 0.05 (0.0 00 <0.05), means that there is a very significant relationship between the two variables in the experimental class-II.
PERBEDAAN PENGARUH LATIHAN MENENDANG MENGGUNAKAN BENDING DAN MENENDANG MENGGUNAKAN KARET TERHADAP POWER OTOT TUNGKAI DAN LONG PASSING SEPAKBOLA PADA USIA 13-14 TAHUN SEKOLAH SEPAKBOLA KLUMPANG PUTRA
Authors: Rizfan Muhammad , Wiyaka Ibrahim 
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh latihan menendang menggunakan bending dan menendang menggunakan karet terhadap power otot tungkai dan long passing sepakbola pada usia 13-14 tahun sekolah sepakbola klumpang putra tahun 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode eksperimen. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa sekolah sepakbola klumpang putra berusia 13-14 tahun berjumlah 25 orang. Sampel diperoleh dengan teknik purposive sampling sebanyak 20 orang. Hasil uji hipotesis 1 diperoleh thitung> ttabel (10.046 > 1.833) menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari latihan menendang menggunakan bending terhadap peningkatan power otot tungkai. Uji hipotesis 2 diperoleh (thitung > ttabel (5.377 > 1.833) menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari latihan menendang menggunakan karet terhadap peningkatan power otot tungkai. Uji hipotesis 3 diperoleh thitung > ttabel (4.744 > 1.734) menunjukkan bahwa latihan menendang menggunakan bending secara signifikan lebih baik dari pada latihan menggunakan karet terhadap peningkatan power otot tungkai pada siswa sekolah sepakbola Klumpang Putra. Uji hipotesis 4 diperoleh thitung > ttabel (6.022 > 1.833) menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari latihan menendang menggunakan bending terhadap hasil long passing. Uji hipotesis 5 diperoleh thitung > ttabel (7.508 > 1.833) menunjukkan bahwa ada terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari latihan menendang menggunakan karet terhadap hasil long passing. Uji hipotesis 6 diperoleh thitung < ttabel (0,252 < 1.734) menunjukkan bahwa latihan menendang menggunakan bending tidak lebih besar pengaruhnya dari pada latihan menggunakan karet terhadap peningkatan hasil long passing pada atlet sekolah sepakbola Klumpang Putra usia 13-14 tahun.
The Relationship between Students’ MOOC-efficacy and Meaningful Learning
Authors: Ghazali Norliza , Nordin Mohamad Sahari , Abdullah Arnida , Mohd Ayub Ahmad Fauzi 
Published: November 2020

This research explored two important constructs in 21st century e-education—students’ MOOC-efficacy and meaningful learning among undergraduate students in selected public universities in Malaysia. Its main objective was to examine the causal relationship of students’ MOOC-efficacy on meaningful learning. The study conceptualized students’ MOOC-efficacy in four dimensions (i.e. information searching, making queries, MOOC learning, and MOOC usability), while conceiving meaningful learning as having five dimensions (i.e. cooperative learning, active learning, authentic learning, constructive learning, and intentional learning). This research applied cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected with a 52-item questionnaire whose reliability indexes ranged from 0.822 to 0.890 for the dimensions. The study's population was identified as university students who have had some experience with MOOCs and who willingly volunteered to participate in the research. A sample of 603 respondents was drawn through simple random sampling. The full-fledged Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was adopted for data analysis. The finding indicated that students’ MOOC-efficacy was positively associated with meaningful learning. The results show that students’ MOOC-efficacy explains 67% of the variance in meaningful learning. The fit indices indicate an adequate fit: RMSEA = 0.041, CFI = 0.923 and χ2/df = 2.067. The finding provides further insights into what works in an open online environment. The insights may be used to fulfill learners’ needs and preferences. MOOC-efficacy interventions are crucial in order to encourage students’ meaningful learning in the e-learning platform.
Keywords: Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), meaningful learning, students’ MOOC-efficacy
“ZIKIR GEMILANG” ELITE POLITIK DI BANDA ACEH: Wacana Populis atau Kebijakan Publik?
Authors: Akmal Saiful , Darwin Rizkika Lhena , Zalikha Siti Nur 
Published: November 2020

ikir publik menjadi arus baru di Aceh setelah tsunami. Dalam perkembangannya, zikir digunakan oleh elit politik baik ketika pilkada sebagai strategi kampanye, maupun sebagai kebijakan populis dalam menjalankan pemerintahan. Begitu pula Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh periode 2017-2022 yang menjadikan zikir sebagai salah satu program utama yang kemudian diberi nama “zikir gemilang“. Penelitian ini tertarik untuk melihat implementasi zikir ini apakah cenderung sebagai wacana populis atau kebijakan publik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif lewat metode wawancara semi struktur dan bola salju terhadap sejumlah informan kunci. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun pemahaman ulang terhadap fenomena zikir dari wacana ke aksi terjadi, namun itu sebatas pergantian slogan dari “madani“ ke “gemilang“. Kemudian, ada tiga dimensi wacana dominan yang dimainkan oleh elit terkait pelaksanaan kebijakan zikir: 1) wacana dimensi sosial budaya (islam sebagai sistem sosial), 2) wacana dimensi ekonomi (wisata islami) dan 3) wacana dimensi politik (kebijakan populis demi elektabilitas). Penelitian ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa program zikir cenderung menjadi wacana populis untuk membentuk citra elit. Dengan demikian, kebijakan zikir digunakan sebagai pemenuhan janji kampanye, dan sarana komunikasi atau klarifikasi publik terhadap kebijakan-kebijakan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah.
Onomatopoeia in Omani Arabic
Authors: Jahdhami Said al 
Published: November 2020

Onomatopoeia is believed to be of a widespread occurrence in all languages of the world though with different extents. Arabic language is attested to be rich in the use of onomatopoeia in speech, prose, and poetry. Omani Arabic, a unique variety of vernacular Arabic spoken in the Sultanate of Oman in the eastsouthern part of Arabia, likewise has numerous usages of onomatopoeic words in everyday life interactions. Both lexical and non-lexical onomatopoeia exist in Omani Arabic falling into three main categories: human sounds, animal sounds, and sounds associated with nature and objects. Onomatopoeic sounds appear in different syllabic forms including full syllables and non-syllabic forms with one or more consonants. The use of voiceless sounds and fricatives is more prevalent compared to other types of sounds. Cases are attested of sounds captured in diverse manners exhibiting alternation among sounds close in place of articulation as well as between emphatic sounds and their non-emphatic counterparts. The use of fricatives is used to mark the duration of sounds as opposed to the use of plosives employed to show abruptness and short duration of sounds. Morphologically, most of these words are used as verbs and derivative nouns. Reduplication is likewise used to mark the intensity and duration of actions signified by these sounds.