bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Aftershock Sequences Pertinent to Long‐Term Seismic Hazard Assessments? Insights From the Temporal ETAS Model
Authors: Reyes Canales Mauricio , van der Baan Mirko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAftershocks are commonly removed from observed earthquake catalogs in probabilistic seismic hazard analyses, using declustering techniques. We use stationary and temporal Epistemic‐Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) models to generate aftershocks from background seismicity and preceding aftershocks. We assume that the mainshocks equal the background seismicity, to divide the synthetic earthquake catalogs into mainshock (declustered) and complete (nondeclustered) versions. Only mainshocks follow a Poissonian distribution. We then evaluate how accurately we can forecast the recurrence of the largest events based on the simulated catalogs. A single b value is derived from the simulated catalogs and used in the magnitude‐frequency forecast. When the b value of the mainshocks is considerably smaller than the b value of the aftershocks, the information derived from the mainshock catalog leads to accurate predictions of the occurrence of the largest events. Conversely, when the mainshock and aftershocks have comparable b values, only the complete catalog produces representative estimates for the occurrence statistics of the largest events. We also show that using Poisson statistics leads to representative assessment of long‐term recurrences, even if aftershocks have a non‐Poissonian distribution. Finally, we analyze a recent case of induced seismicity, Oklahoma, USA, where the complete catalog displays a kink in the magnitude‐frequency distribution. Declustering removes this kink, leading to better b value estimations for the largest magnitude events. We conclude that temporal declustering for seismic hazard assessment is only recommended in catalogs with a large number of earthquakes and in catalogs where the b values of the mainshocks are significantly different from the b values of the complete catalog.
Active Normal Faulting, Diking, and Doming Above the Rapidly Inflating Laguna del Maule Volcanic Field, Chile, Imaged With CHIRP, Magnetic, and Focal Mechanism Data
Authors: Peterson Dana E. , Garibaldi Nicolas , Keranen Katie , Tikoff Basil , Miller Craig , Lara Luis E. , Tassara Andres , Thurber Clifford , Lanza Federica 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Laguna del Maule volcanic field (LdMVF) in Chile, a rapidly inflating silicic volcanic system without historical eruption, is intersected by active regional faults. The LdMVF provides an opportunity to observe how faults influence, accommodate, or are driven by an actively deforming large silicic system. Here we use Compressed High Intensity Radar Pulse (CHIRP) acoustic reflection data to map the fault network in sediments captured within the eponymous lake at the LdMVF and combine our fault maps with the volcanic history, earthquake locations, focal mechanisms, and lacustrine magnetic data to interpret how faults and magmatism interact. Our seismic data image dominantly dip‐slip faults forming grabens within the lake, subparallel to regional faults. No indications exist in the seismic data to suggest that fault patterns were created by the volcanic system, either ring or radial faults. Fault strikes interpreted from seismic and magnetic data are consistent with mapped dike and fault orientations on land. We therefore interpret that active faults at the LdMVF are tectonic rather than volcanic in origin, forming a transtensional zone that hosts the magmatic system. However, vertical motion along a NS‐striking fault near the center of uplift suggests trapdoor‐style faulting above the volcanic center in which tectonic faults are reactivated to accommodate magmatic inflation and overlying deformation. Magnetic anomalies follow regional faults, suggesting that faults also provide migration pathways. Depositional patterns indicate a prior episode of uplift followed by quiescence, indicating that significant magmatically related uplift at the LdMVF can occur without an associated major eruption.
Trade‐Offs Between 1‐D and 2‐D Regional River Hydrodynamic Models
Authors: Fleischmann A. S. , Paiva R. C. D. , Collischonn W. , Siqueira V. A. , Paris A. , Moreira D. M. , Papa F. , Bitar A. A. , Parrens M. , Aires F. , Garambois P. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent years have seen the development of 1‐D and 2‐D regional‐scale hydrological‐hydrodynamic models, which differ greatly from reach‐scale applications in terms of subgrid assumptions, parameterization, and applied resolution. Although 1‐D and 2‐D comparisons have already been performed at reach and local scales, model differences at regional scale are poorly understood. Moreover, there is a need to improve the coupling between hydrological and hydrodynamic models. It is addressed here by applying the MGB model at 1‐D and 2‐D dimensions for the whole ~700,000 km2 Negro basin (Amazon), which presents different wetland types. Long‐term continuous simulations are performed and validated with multisatellite observations of hydraulic variables. Results showed that both approaches are similarly able to estimate discharges and water levels along main rivers, especially considering parameter uncertainties, but differ in terms of flood extent and volume and water levels in complex wetlands. In these latter, the diffuse flow and drainage patterns were more realistically represented by the 2‐D scheme, as well as wetland connectivity across the basin. The 2‐D model led to higher drainage basinwide, while the 1‐D model was more sensitive to hydrodynamic parameters for discharge and flood extent and had a similar sensitivity for water levels. Finally, tests on the coupling between hydrologic and hydrodynamic processes suggested that their representation in an online way is less important for tropical wetlands than model dimensionality, which largely impacts water transfer and repartition.
Integrated transcriptomic and genomic analysis improves prediction of complete remission and survival in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Österroos Albin , Björklund My , Eriksson Anna , Lindberg Johan , Nilsson Christer , Mareschal Sylvain , Rantalainen Mattias , Grönberg Henrik , Lehmann Sören 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRelevant molecular tools for treatment stratification of patients ≥65 years with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are lacking. We combined clinical data with targeted DNA- and full RNA-sequencing of 182 intensively and palliatively treated patients to predict complete remission (CR) and survival in AML patients ≥65 years. Intensively treated patients with NPM1 and IDH2R172 mutations had longer overall survival (OS), whereas mutated TP53 conferred lower CR rates and shorter OS. FLT3-ITD and TP53 mutations predicted worse OS in palliatively treated patients. Gene expression levels most predictive of CR were combined with somatic mutations for an integrated risk stratification that we externally validated using the beatAML cohort. We defined a high-risk group with a CR rate of 20% in patients with mutated TP53, compared to 97% CR in low-risk patients defined by high expression of ZBTB7A and EEPD1 without TP53 mutations. Patients without these criteria had a CR rate of 54% (intermediate risk). The difference in CR rates translated into significant OS differences that outperformed ELN stratification for OS prediction. The results suggest that an integrated molecular risk stratification can improve prediction of CR and OS and could be used to guide treatment in elderly AML patients.
Caveolin-1 inhibits breast cancer stem cells via c-Myc-mediated metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Wang Shengqi , Wang Neng , Zheng Yifeng , Yang Bowen , Liu Pengxi , Zhang Fengxue , Li Min , Song Juxian , Chang Xu , Wang Zhiyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBreast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are considered to be the root of breast cancer occurrence and progression. However, the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of BCSCs metabolism have been poorly revealed, which hinders the development of metabolism-targeted treatment strategies for BCSCs elimination. Herein, we demonstrated that the downregulation of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) usually occurred in BCSCs and was associated with a metabolic switch from mitochondrial respiration to aerobic glycolysis. Meanwhile, Cav-1 could inhibit the self-renewal capacity and aerobic glycolysis activity of BCSCs. Furthermore, Cav-1 loss was associated with accelerated mammary-ductal hyperplasia and mammary-tumor formation in transgenic mice, which was accompanied by enrichment and enhanced aerobic glycolysis activity of BCSCs. Mechanistically, Cav-1 could promote Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of c-Myc in BCSCs through the proteasome pathway. Notably, epithelial Cav-1 expression significantly correlated with a better overall survival and delayed onset age of breast cancer patients. Together, our work uncovers the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of BCSCs metabolism and highlights Cav-1-targeted treatments as a promising strategy for BCSCs elimination.
Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A alters the transcriptome-interactome profiles of genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease in the offspring hippocampus
Authors: Sukjamnong Suporn , Thongkorn Surangrat , Kanlayaprasit Songphon , Saeliw Thanit , Hussem Kanlayaphat , Warayanon Watis , Hu Valerie W. , Tencomnao Tewin , Sarachana Tewarit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOur recent study revealed that prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) disrupted the transcriptome profiles of genes in the offspring hippocampus. In addition to genes linked to autism, several genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were found to be differentially expressed, although the association between BPA-responsive genes and AD-related genes has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we demonstrated thatin uteroBPA exposure also disrupted the transcriptome profiles of genes associated with neuroinflammation and AD in the hippocampus. The level of NF-κB protein and its AD-related target geneBace1were significantly increased in the offspring hippocampus in a sex-dependent manner. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis also showed an increase in the expression ofTnfgene. Moreover, the reanalysis of transcriptome profiling data from several previously published BPA studies consistently showed that BPA-responsive genes were significantly associated with top AD candidate genes. The findings from this study suggest that maternal BPA exposure may increase AD risk in offspring by dysregulating genes associated with AD neuropathology and inflammation and reveal a possible relationship between AD and autism, which are linked to the same environmental factor. Sex-specific effects of prenatal BPA exposure on the susceptibility of AD deserve further investigation.
Energy and nitrogenous waste from glutamate/glutamine catabolism facilitates acute osmotic adjustment in non-neuroectodermal branchial cells
Authors: Huang Pei-Chen , Liu Tzu-Yen , Hu Marian Y. , Casties Isabel , Tseng Yung-Che 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMaintenance of homeostasis is one of the most important physiological responses for animals upon osmotic perturbations. Ionocytes of branchial epithelia are the major cell types responsible for active ion transport, which is mediated by energy-consuming ion pumps (e.g., Na+-K+-ATPase, NKA) and secondary active transporters. Consequently, in addition to osmolyte adjustments, sufficient and immediate energy replenishment is essenttableial for acclimation to osmotic changes. In this study, we propose that glutamate/glutamine catabolism and trans-epithelial transport of nitrogenous waste may aid euryhaline teleosts Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) during acclimation to osmotic changes. Glutamate family amino acid contents in gills were increased by hyperosmotic challenge along an acclimation period of 72 hours. This change in amino acids was accompanied by a stimulation of putative glutamate/glutamine transporters (Eaats, Sat) and synthesis enzymes (Gls, Glul) that participate in regulating glutamate/glutamine cycling in branchial epithelia during acclimation to hyperosmotic conditions. In situ hybridization of glutaminase and glutamine synthetase in combination with immunocytochemistry demonstrate a partial colocalization of olgls1a and olgls2 but not olglul with Na+/K+-ATPase-rich ionocytes. Also for the glutamate and glutamine transporters colocalization with ionocytes was found for oleaat1, oleaat3, and olslc38a4, but not oleaat2. Morpholino knock-down of Sat decreased Na+ flux from the larval epithelium, demonstrating the importance of glutamate/glutamine transport in osmotic regulation. In addition to its role as an energy substrate, glutamate deamination produces NH4+, which may contribute to osmolyte production; genes encoding components of the urea production cycle, including carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), were upregulated under hyperosmotic challenges. Based on these findings the present work demonstrates that the glutamate/glutamine cycle and subsequent transepithelial transport of nitrogenous waste in branchial epithelia represents an essential component for the maintenance of ionic homeostasis under a hyperosmotic challenge.
Short-term memory advantage for brief durations in human APOE ε4 carriers
Authors: Zokaei Nahid , Grogan John , Fallon Sean James , Slavkova Ellie , Hadida Jonathan , Manohar Sanjay , Nobre Anna Christina , Husain Masud 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Apolipoprotein-E (APOE) ε4 gene allele, the highest known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, has paradoxically been well preserved in the human population. One possible explanation offered by evolutionary biology for survival of deleterious genes is antagonistic pleiotropy. This theory proposes that such genetic variants might confer an advantage, even earlier in life when humans are also reproductively fit. The results of some small-cohort studies have raised the possibility of such a pleiotropic effect for the ε4 allele in short-term memory (STM) but the findings have been inconsistent. Here, we tested STM performance in a large cohort of individuals (N = 1277); nine hundred and fifty-nine of which included carrier and non-carriers of the APOE ε4 gene, those at highest risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. We first confirm that this task is sensitive to subtle deterioration in memory performance across ageing. Importantly, individuals carrying the APOE ε4 gene actually exhibited a significant memory advantage across all ages, specifically for brief retention periods but crucially not for longer durations. Together, these findings present the strongest evidence to date for a gene having an antagonistic pleiotropy effect on human cognitive function across a wide age range, and hence provide an explanation for the survival of the APOE ε4 allele in the gene pool.
A new ingestion bioassay protocol for assessing pesticide toxicity to the adult Japanese orchard bee (Osmia cornifrons)
Authors: Phan Ngoc T. , Joshi Neelendra K. , Rajotte Edwin G. , López-Uribe Margarita M. , Zhu Fang , Biddinger David J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdopting an Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management strategy requires an evaluation of pesticide risk for pollinator species. For non-Apid species, however, the standardized ingestion assays are difficult to implement. This hinders the consideration of non-Apid species in farm management strategies and government regulatory processes. We describe a new method for a mason bee, Osmia cornifrons, which is an important pollinator of apples and other fruit crops. Our approach overcomes high control mortality seen in other bioassay protocols and expands testing to include males as well as females. The new pesticide toxicity assessment protocol showed that (1) a group feeding method is optimum even though there is no trophallaxis, (2) males had better tolerance to pesticides although they are smaller, and (3) pesticides can cause additional mortality after the standard 48 h assessment time specified by European Food Safety Authority and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Electromyographic activity of the vastus medialis and gastrocnemius implicates a slow stretch-shortening cycle during rowing in the field
Authors: Held Steffen , Siebert Tobias , Donath Lars 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe consideration of the temporal and electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of stretch-shortening cycles (SSC) are crucial for the conceptualization of discipline-specific testing and training. Since leg muscles are first stretched (eccentric) and then contracted (concentric) during rowing, it can be assumed that the entire muscle tendon complex performs a SSC. Thus, it should be elucidated whether the rowing cycle can be attributed to either a slow or fast SSC. Therefore, EMG of the vastus medialis and gastrocnemius were captured (n = 10, 22.8 ± 3.1 years, 190 ± 6 cm, 82.1 ± 9.8 kg) during (single scull) rowing and subsequently compared to typical slow (countermovement jump, CMJ) and fast (drop jump, DJ) SSCs. The elapsed time between the EMG onset and the start of the eccentric phase was monitored. The pre-activation phase (PRE, before the start of the eccentric phase) and the reflex-induced activation phase (RIA 30–120 ms after the start of the eccentric phase) have been classified. Notable muscular activity was observed during DJ before the start of the eccentric phase (PRE) as well as during RIA. In contrast, neither CMJ nor rowing revealed any EMG-activity in these two phases. Interestingly, CMJ and race-specific rowing showed an EMG-onset during the eccentric phase. We conclude that rowing is more attributable to a slow SSC and implies that fast SSC does not reflect discipline specific muscle action and could hamper rowing-performance-enhancement.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa core metabolism exerts a widespread growth-independent control on virulence
Authors: Panayidou Stavria , Georgiades Kaliopi , Christofi Theodoulakis , Tamana Stella , Promponas Vasilis J. , Apidianakis Yiorgos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo assess the role of core metabolism genes in bacterial virulence - independently of their effect on growth - we correlated the genome, the transcriptome and the pathogenicity in flies and mice of 30 fully sequenced Pseudomonas strains. Gene presence correlates robustly with pathogenicity differences among all Pseudomonas species, but not among the P. aeruginosa strains. However, gene expression differences are evident between highly and lowly pathogenic P. aeruginosa strains in multiple virulence factors and a few metabolism genes. Moreover, 16.5%, a noticeable fraction of the core metabolism genes of P. aeruginosa strain PA14 (compared to 8.5% of the non-metabolic genes tested), appear necessary for full virulence when mutated. Most of these virulence-defective core metabolism mutants are compromised in at least one key virulence mechanism independently of auxotrophy. A pathway level analysis of PA14 core metabolism, uncovers beta-oxidation and the biosynthesis of amino-acids, succinate, citramalate, and chorismate to be important for full virulence. Strikingly, the relative expression among P. aeruginosa strains of genes belonging in these metabolic pathways is indicative of their pathogenicity. Thus, P. aeruginosa strain-to-strain virulence variation, remains largely obscure at the genome level, but can be dissected at the pathway level via functional transcriptomics of core metabolism.
Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China
Authors: Zheng Yu , Han Xiaori , Li Yuying , Liu Shuangquan , Ji Jinghong , Tong Yuxin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA 3-year fixed site experiment was carried out on a Planosol in Northeast China to study the effects of biochar and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield, nitrogen-use efficiency, residual nitrogen, and nitrogen balance in soil-crop system. Five treatments were established: control (CK), bare urea (BU), controlled-release urea (CRU), 50% BU + 50% CRU (MBC), and 50% BU + 50% CRU + biochar (MBCB) treatments. The results showed that, compared with the BU treatment, the yield, N-use efficiency (NUE) and N agronomic efficiency (NAE) of the CRU treatment increased by 12.2%, 33.9% and 4.3 kg kg−1, respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 11.6% and 10.7%, respectively. Compared with the MBC treatment, the yield, NUE and NAE of the MBCB treatment increased by 10.2%, 16.5% and 4.0 kg kg−1, respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 10.8% and 12.3%, respectively. Therefore, mixed application of bare urea, controlled-release urea and biochar was effective for obtaining high rice yield, and high fertilization efficiency as well as for sustainable agricultural development in Northeast China.
Virtual image of a hand displaced in space influences action performance of the real hand
Authors: Ambron Elisabetta , Miller Alexander , Connor Stephanie , Branch Coslett H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe rubber hand illusion (RHI) demonstrates that under some circumstances a fake hand can be regarded as part of one’s body; the RHI and related phenomena have been used to explore the flexibility of the body schema. Recent work has shown that a sense of embodiment may be generated by virtual reality (VR). In a series of experiments, we used VR to assess the effects of the displacement of the virtual image of subjects’ hands on action. Specifically, we tested whether spatial and temporal parameters of action change when participants perform a reaching movement towards the location of their virtual hand, the position of which was distorted on some trials. In different experiments, participants were sometimes provided with incorrect visual feedback regarding the position of the to-be-touched hand (Experiment 1), were deprived of visual feedback regarding the position of the reaching hand when acting (Experiment 2) or reached with the hand, the apparent position of which had been manipulated (Experiment 3). The effect was greatest when participants reached towards (Experiment 1) or with (Experiment 3) the displaced hand when the hand was visible during the reaching, but not when the vision of the hand was removed during the action (Experiment 2). Taken together, these data suggest that visual images of one’s hand presented in VR influence the body schema and action performance.
A Novel Aβ40 Assembly at Physiological Concentration
Authors: Tahirbegi Bogachan , Magness Alastair J. , Piersimoni Maria Elena , Knöpfel Thomas , Willison Keith R. , Klug David R. , Ying Liming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) are characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease, but there is no consensus as to either the nature of the toxic molecular complex or the mechanism by which toxic aggregates are produced. We report on a novel feature of amyloid-lipid interactions where discontinuities in the lipid continuum can serve as catalytic centers for a previously unseen microscale aggregation phenomenon. We show that specific lipid membrane conditions rapidly produce long contours of lipid-bound peptide, even at sub-physiological concentrations of Aβ. Using single molecule fluorescence, time-lapse TIRF microscopy and AFM imaging we characterize this phenomenon and identify some exceptional properties of the aggregation pathway which make it a likely contributor to early oligomer and fibril formation, and thus a potential critical mechanism in the etiology of AD. We infer that these amyloidogenic events occur only at areas of high membrane curvature, which suggests a range of possible mechanisms by which accumulated physiological changes may lead to their inception. The speed of the formation is in hours to days, even at 1 nM peptide concentrations. Lipid features of this type may act like an assembly line for monomeric and small oligomeric subunits of Aβ to increase their aggregation states. We conclude that under lipid environmental conditions, where catalytic centers of the observed type are common, key pathological features of AD may arise on a very short timescale under physiological concentration.