bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INCIDENCE OF MALIGNANT KIDNEY TUMOURS IN PAEDIATRIC AGE GROUP
Authors: Gupta Ahana , Gupta Ankita , Gupta Neelu 
Published: March 2020

Background: Cancer is essentially a disease of adults, yet it is one of the common killers in childhood. In western countries cancer is next only to trauma as a cause of mortality in children under 20 years of age In India.
Methods: The material for present study is obtained from S. P. Medical College, Bikaner and referred cases for a period of five years from 2011-2014. The clinical history regarding duration of the disease, mode of presentation, symptoms and signs are recorded from the case papers, request forms, patient’s history, clinical data along with relevant details obtained from available hospital and departmental records. The histopathology slides and paraffin blocks are reviewed. Gross examination is done carefully noting the size, shape, extent and configuration, nodularity, consistency (solid, cystic or mixed). A minimum of 4-5 bits are selected from the representative areas of tumor. The tissue for routine microscopy is preserved and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 24 hours and processed in automatic tissue processor (Histokinette) and embedded in paraffin. The sections 3-5 μ thick, are cut and stained by haematoxylin and eosin in all cases and special stains like PAS, MTS, and RT done where ever feasible
Results: The incidence of malignant tumour in our study was 6.66% found.
Conclusion: The present study provides a fair insight into the histological patterns of lesion in paediatric age group. Most common incidence was that of wilms tumour in paediatric age group followed by renal cell carcinoma. Imaging and histologic characterization are crucial to avoid any delay in management.
Keywords: Malignant, Wilms, Histopatological tumour.
COMPARISION OF CLOSED EXPERT TIBIA NAILING WITH OPEN PLATE&SCREW FIXATION IN THE TREATMENT OF PROXIMAL TIBIA EXTRAARTICULAR FRACTURES.
Authors: Johar S.A. Mustafa , Trivedi Akshay Kumar , Sharma Mayank , Patidar Durgashankar 
Published: March 2020

This study conducted at Index Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Indore during the study period of 02 years. Patients were followed up for 01 year, evaluated radiologically and clinically with Tegnerlysholm knee scale, outcomes were used for comparison.
Malreduction was defined as a deformity of 5 degree in any plane. Out of a total of 22 patients, 01 (1 in the plating group) was excluded from the study as pt was absent for follow-up, meaning that 21 patients were included in the final study
Baseline data of 21 patients.
Use of PTLCP is associated with more intra operative blood loss, higher postoperative infection rate and longer duration of hospital stay, whereas use of IMN associated with higher rates of malunion and nonunion. However there is no difference in functional outcome between IMN and PTLCP. But it is the surgical skill that is required in such fractures.
To validate this issue further a large sample size of matching severity multicentric study done by equal level skill cadre is recommended. Overall proximal one third extraarticular tibia fracture is complicated and problematic fracture to deal with and is commonly associated with significant soft tissue damage. High grade of surgical skills are required to deal these fractures as fixation of proximal one third extraarticular tibia fracture is technically demanding surgery regardless of the implant.
VARIATION OF CBC PARAMETERS WITH STORAGE TIME AND TEMPERATURE
Authors: Rautaray Biswajita , Tripathy Sumita 
Published: March 2020

This study demonstrates that it is possible to perform clinically valid CBC on K2-EDTA anti-coagulated blood 24 hours after collection on refrigerated sample, though not for differential count parameters. On 24-hour sample, MPV and RET%, MCHC should not be considered for diagnosis. HAEMATOCRIT, MCV and RDW consistently elevated with sample’s age, even at 24 hours, not to be evaluated.
After 24 hours WBC, RBC, HGB, PLATELET can be evaluated. Stability of WBC counts up to 24 hours is acceptable for all samples, except EOSINOPHIL (at 4 degree Celsius) counts not stable beyond 24 hours. Altered results obtained in manual differential count, cannot be considered a solution for differential count on aged samples.
Most reliable haematological results are obtained from samples analysed same day within 5-8h, soon after collection. When immediate analysis is not possible, sample stability (only CBC parameters except MPV; not differential count) can be prolonged up to 48 hr. on refrigeration. A sample with borderline eosinophil or basophil count stored under refrigeration, still can give report of significant increase in parameters with prolonged storage. Thus refrigeration can’t be considered as a solution to prolong storage time in case of bloodsamples, requiring differential count for clinical diagnosis.
Keywords: CBC variation, Temperature, Time, Aged Sample, Refrigeration.
NECK COMPRESSION ASPHYXIAL DEATHS BY LIGATURE – A DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF WESTERN RAJASTHAN
Authors: Sharma Navneet , Kumar Shalender 
Published: March 2020

The tripod of life comprises of three vital organs namely brain, heart and lungs. Serious pathological and morphological abnormalities of any part of the body prove fatal due to direct or indirect involvement of either or all of the organs of tripod of life. Essential structures of neck including nerves, blood vessels, and other have a direct or indirect control on the function of respiratory, circulatory and nervous system. The compression of the neck involving the important structures may prove fatal. One of the major modes of death is asphyxia and type of asphyxia most commonly encountered in medico legal practice is mechanical asphyxia. Among the means of producing mechanical asphyxia, constriction around the neck plays a major role.
Backgroubd: Hanging is one of the most common methods of suicide in India; other types of hangings are homicidal hanging, judicial hanging, and autoerotic hanging (camps et al, 1976)3. Hanging differs from strangulation in which the neck is constricted irrespective of any effect caused by the weight of the body. The various structures damaged in hanging and strangulation include the soft tissues like skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, muscles, blood vessels, lymph nodes and the bony and cartilage tissues like the hyoid bone and larynx (A. Keithmant, 1984)1.
Various forms of strangulations are ligature strangulation, throttling, mugging, garrotting, bansdola etc (Simpson and knight, 1988)13.
As till now very less studies has been carried out in western Rajasthan on demographic pattern of deaths due to compression of neck by ligature matterial. A study of asphyxial deaths by ligature matterial that is hanging and ligature strangulation in relation of sex, age, region and religion has been undertaken.
Keywords: Hanging, Strangulation, Ligature, Neck, Demographic, Medico-Legal.
A A STUDY OF HISTOLOGY & HISTOGENESIS OF FETAL SPLEEN AT DIFFERENT GESTATIONAL AGES
Authors: D Srivani , Pillai J. Jayachandra 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The spleen is a largest collection of lymphoid tissue with peculiar anatomical and physiological features. Spleen plays an important role in fetal hematopoiesis and immunomodulation. The aim of the study is to perform detailed histological analysis of human fetal splenic specimens of various gestational ages and compare the findings with earlier studies.
Material and Methods: The present study included 40 fetal cadaveric spleen and morphometric features i.e., weight was measured and the sections of the spleen were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain and were observed under compound light microscope
Results: In the present study the histology of spleens of prenatal group showed the well defined red pulp, venous sinusoids and diffusely spread lymphocytes at 18 weeks of gestation and the organization of lymphoid follicles was noticed at 24-28 weeks. At 32 weeks well defined white pulp was observed and the microscopic architecture of the spleen was similar to the histology of adult spleen.
Conclusion: A detailed knowledge of splenic morphometric dimensions, Histology and Histogenesis is crucial in deciphering the role of spleen in fetal development and fetal wellbeing.
Key words: spleen, hematopoietic, microscopic, fetal
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FOETAL MOVEMENTS COUNT AND FOETAL OUTCOME
Authors: Gangwal Mamta 
Published: March 2020

Background: A reduced fetal movement is a common indication for assessment of fetal well being. A reduced fetal movement is considered as high risk pregnancy because the fetus is at high risk of hypoxia and sudden demise.
Methods: Hospital based prospective study conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RVRS Medical College, Bhilwara. Total 130 pregnant women were included in this study.
Results: 10.77% patients didn’t perceive fetal movements after admission. Out of 14 patients with absent DFMC, 6 babies (42.86%) died and 8 babies (57.14%) survived. The association betweenNon Stress Test and mode of delivery was found statistically significant. 83.33%) were admitted in NICU. Out of 24 patients presenting with non reactive NST, 20.83% (5) babies born with APGAR score more than 7 and 79.17% (19) babies had APGAR score 4-7.
Conclusion: The association between NST & DFMC and fetal outcome was found statistically significant.
Keywords: DFMC, NST, Fetal outcome, survived.
STUDY OF HBA1C, LIPID PROFILE AND CYCLOPHILIN-A IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Jha Rakesh Kumar , ZG Badade , Rai Sandeep , VZ Badade 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when not enough insulin is produced by the pancreas or the body does not use the insulin produced. Because of increased blood glucose levels in the body, serious heart, kidneys, blood vessels, nerves and eyes damage are caused. Report says about 400 million people suffer from diabetes. Therefore present study is aimed to assess levels of HbA1c, Lipid profile and Cyclophilin A in diabetic patient.
Material and Methods: The present study includes total 126 subjects comprising of 66 type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients and 60 healthy individual. Blood samples are collected from the all subjects were processed for HbA1c, Lipid Profile and Cyclophilin A estimation, from OPD and General Medicine Wards. HbA1c is estimated by HPLC, lipid Profile by AU480 and the Cyclophilin A by ELISA method using commercially available Qayee-bio ELISA kit.
Conclusion: Present study showed significantly increased levels of HbA1c, Lipid Profile and Cyclophilin A in T2DM patients. The elevated lipid profile may be due to the complication of Diabetic mellitus. CyA is increased as an inflammation marker.
Keywords: T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c: Glycosylated Hemoglobin, CyA: Cyclophilin-A
NEED FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION IN THE PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM ACNE: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
Authors: Hatila Sangeeta , Hasija Aastha Dhingra , Choudhary Vijay 
Published: March 2020

Background: Chronic diseases are known to have impact on quality of life of patients as of the acne. The DLQI (dermatology life quality index) is a scale to assess quality of life of the patients with skin disease.
Objectives: The present study analyses the quality of life patients with acne attending OPD of skin department, SMS hospital.
Methods: A questionnaire-based prospective study was conducted among 150 patients with acne referred from department of dermatology, SMS hospital.
Results: The mean DLQL score was 7.28, the question about how embarrassed or self-conscious have you been because of skin had highest whereas the question about how much has your skin caused any sexual difficulties? had lowest scores.
Conclusion: Acne has moderate effect of quality of life of the patients. There is need for psychological intervention to improve the quality of life of the patients.
Keywords: Acne, dermatology life quality index, quality of life.
STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF HEARING LOSS IN PATIENTS OF HEPATITIS B
Authors: Mondal Kapildev , Saha Poulomi 
Published: March 2020

Hepatitis B has been documented to cause various extra hepatic manifestations along with known hepatic complications. It has been reported that hepatitis-B patients are more susceptible to inner ear damage and hearing loss. The aim of this study is to evaluate hearing loss among patients of hepatitis B {all 6 categories Hepatitis B infection: chronic Hepatitis B infection , hepatitis B cirrhosis ,Hepatitis B virus carriers , occult chronic Hepatitis B and Hepatitis B infection with poly arthritis nodosa, hepato cellular carcinoma with hepatitis B}compared with healthy subjects.
METHOD: In this case control study 100 Hepatitis B positive patients and 100 age and gender-matched healthy individuals were included over the period of 5 years. All of them were known cases of chronic hepatitis B positive for HBsAg at least for 18 months. All patients were aged 18 to 50 years to exclude presence of presbycusis. After base line investigations, they were subjected for all cases and controls were subjected otoscopic examination and hearing assessment using standard pure tone audiometry. Descriptive statistical analysis has been carried out in this study.
RESULT: In patients of Hepatitis B (94 patients,6 patients had of natural death ) pure tone average (mean thresholds 250,500, 1000,2000,4000 &8000 Hz) was 28.4 dB in the right ear and 27.3 dB in the left (hearing loss).In the control group(96 patients,4 patients dropped out), PTA average was 9.9 dB in the right ear and 9.3dB in the left (normal hearing). In both groups, Speech Discrimination score (SDS) was100% in both ears. The percentage of hearing loss in the right and left ear over the total of six frequencies differed significantly in the two groups. Out of 94 patients of control group, 38 patients (40.4%) patients presented with Chronic Liver Disease (CLD), 14 patients (14.8%) patients presented with cirrhosis with Hepatitis B, 6 (6.3%) patients had Poly arthritis Nodosa with Hep-B, 18(19.1%) patients were diagnosed as carrier of Hepatitis-B , 11(11.7%) patients had occult Hepatitis-B and 7(7.4%) patients were diagnosed with hepato cellular carcinoma.
Hearing loss was maximum in patients of PAN with Hep-B. Second highest mean SNHL was seen in patients of Hep-B with cirrhosis .Third highest mean hearing loss was noted in patients with HCC .Forth highest mean hearing loss was noted in patients with occult Hep-B. Fifth highest mean hearing loss was noted in carriers of Hep-B.Lowest group with SNHL was chronic liver disease.
CONCLUSION: Regular audiometric tests are recommended for patients with HBV infection to assess their hearing ability and enable the earlier detection of SNHL. We also suggest that HBV presenting with the sudden onset of hearing loss should be examined for the possibility of acute exacerbation of chronic HBV infection.
KEYWORDS: Mean, Sensorineural, Hearing loss, Cirrhosis.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN MEDITATORS AND NON MEDITATORS
Authors: Vidyullatha A.R. , Lavanya D. , Sanfrancisco G.Benny 
Published: March 2020

Aims and Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability in industrialized nations, as well as in developing countries, Leading to premature morbidity and mortality, and to preventable losses of employment, earnings, and quality of life. The present study includes the effect of meditation on blood pressure.
Material and Methods: The study population of 100 subjects out of which 50 were Non-meditators and 50 were meditators attending sainath pathanjali yoga centre. Using sphygmomanometer and stethoscope Blood pressure response to standing was recorded.
Results: The improvements in autonomic functions are seen meditators in this study which are similar to other studies done on meditation and yoga.
Conclusion: In present study Blood pressure response to standing difference of both systolic &diastolic was significantly higher in meditators than in nonmeditators on change of posture from supine to erect indicating decreased sympathetic dominance.
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure.
A RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION ON THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC ANAL FISSURE WITH DIFFERENT METHODS OF ANAESTHESIA
Authors: Grover Subhash Chander 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Fissure-in-Ano or Chronic Anal Fissures (CAF) is a linear ulcer in the squamous epithelium of the anus, distal to the dentate line & one of the most common and painful anorectal conditions encountered in surgical practice. Surgeons working in a rural setups and First Referral Units are faced with several challenges and limitations. Patients undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia have to undergo a battery of blood tests and imaging as a result for poorer patients the cost of treatment becomes manifold. This retrospective study was aimed to compare the outcome of lateral anal sphincterotomy (LAS) for chronic anal fissure, done under Spinal Anaesthesia and Local Anaesthesia.
Methods: This Retrospective study involved Prior Consent from the Hospital Authorities & was found to be within ethical standards. Data of 200 patients were selected which were proven cases of Chronic Anal Fissures admitted to the local surgical units in last 4 years. Subjects included both the genders, all age groups including pediatric and geriatric age group and all classes of socio economic strata.
Results: Data of total 200 patients were obtained, out of 200 participated 127 were women and 73 were men. A total of 100 patients (50%) underwent LAS under local anaesthesia and 100 patients (50%) underwent LAS under spinal anaesthesia. The mean age of the patients was 41.37 years with Standard Deviation of 3.42 years. There was No Statistical Difference between the two groups in terms of Intraoperative and Postoperative Complication like Pain, Incontinence & Infection after follow up.
Conclusion: Lateral anal sphincterotomy (LAS) provides very good healing of Chronic Anal Fissure. Few distinct advantages were noted in the study while doing LAS under LA. It provides adequate pain relief for the procedure apart from the advantage of easy palpability of the sphincter. It can be done as an Outpatient procedure without the need for an anesthetist, and carries a significant cost benefit to the patient especially in lower socio-economic settings. There is no significant difference in the complications or the healing of the fissure when compared with SA.
Keyword: Fissure-in-Ano , Lateral anal sphincterotomy, Spinal Anaesthesia , Local Anaesthesia , Retrospective Study.
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Authors: G A 
Published: March 2020

Abortion is a sensitive and contentious issue with religious, moral, cultural, and political dimensions. It is also a public health concern in many parts of the world, as it raises questions about basic beliefs regarding life and death, the sanctity of life, the beginning of life, and a woman’s individual legal right. Abortion is illegal in some countries such as Jordan, Oman, Qatar, Senegal and the Philippines, and legal in other countries such as Great Britain, Greece, Poland, Israel, and Turkey. Ethically, opponents considered abortion as equivalent to murder and that such killing of a fetus is deprived of future value, and no matter how much women may suffer, women can’t be allowed to kill their fetuses. Whereas, proponents considered abortion as morally justified and that the pregnant woman has the fundamental right to terminate her pregnancy. The current authors are against abortion to preserve dignity and respect for a fetus and regard the killing or termination of human life as morally wrong. The purpose of this paper is to present arguments on abortion from the legal and ethical views of opponents and proponents.
Keywords: abortion, legal, ethical, opponents, proponents, argumentations.
A STUDY ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CATEGORY-II PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN A CENTRAL INDIAN DISTRICT
Authors: Agrawal Nipun , Jain Swapnil , Jain Anukool , Agrawal Jagdish 
Published: March 2020

Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is a contagious, airborne infection that develops when M. tuberculosis infect the lungs. PTB is totally curable infection. However, an early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment is needed to get the desired outcomes. Despite availability of treatment, stigmatization and negative emotions resulting from the illness could hamper the psychological well-being of patients which may eventually result in poor compliance, work absenteeism thus effecting economic productivity and prosperity.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of one year. A total of 231 category II DOTS patients were recruited for the study. Quality of Life (QOL) was assessed after 3 months of the intensive phase. For QOL WHO based QOLBREF was used.
Results: In the present study patients scored lowest in the psychological domain (7.82 ± 1.86) followed by physical (8.21 ± 1.98).
Conclusion: HRQOL is significantly reduced in patients with PTB.
RESTORATION OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH WITH DIFFERENT CROWNS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Raman Nikita , Manish Kumar , Jain Samir 
Published: March 2020

The optimal way to restore teeth after endodontic treatment continues to remain a controversial topic of heated debate to this day. Endodontically treated teeth (ETT) present with significantly different mechanical properties compared to vital teeth. The modifications in the biomechanical properties and structural integrity of the teeth are most-likely attributed to the volumetric loss of the hard tissues, extent of carious lesion, fracture propagation, final cavity preparation in addition to the access cavity prior to endodontic therapy.
Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for comparative evaluation of Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth with Different Crowns.
The study was planned in Department of Dentistry, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar. The 60 cases of the Endodontically treated teeth (ETT) were enrolled in the present study. The patients were divided in the 4 groups as per different material and restorations given.
The survival of ETT is contingent on the residual sound tooth structure that remains after the endodontic access and caries removal are performed consequently the most important factors upon restoring ETT become the maximum preservation and conservation of enamel, dentin and the dentinoenamel junction. Hence, bonded partial restorations are always preferred over full coverage cementable crowns. More clinical studies comparing adhesive crowns bonded to postless build-ups or post and -core build-ups are needed for a better understanding of postless approaches in biomimetic restorative dentistry.
Keywords: Endodontically treated teeth, Crown, cores, post, etc.