bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Messages Adolescents See Daily on Social Media: A Diary Study
Authors: Qutteina Yara , Hallez Lotte , Mennes Nine , De Backer Charlotte , Smits Tim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBillions are spent yearly on food marketing that influences unhealthy eating preferences and habits, and contributes to the development of obesogenic environments worldwide. Recent social media advancements have provided food marketers with platforms to readily reach out to many especially younger consumers. Adolescents seem vulnerable to food marketing as they have increased impulsive decision-making and decreased inhibitory-control as compared to adults. Yet, they are becoming independent from their parents and relying on unmonitored (social) media. Despite the presumed influence of social media marketing, little is known about the type of marketing strategies used on social media to influence adolescent eating.Aim:The aim of this study is to explore the food messages adolescents (12–18 years old) encounter when using social media.Methods:A diary study was carried out with 12–18 year-old Belgian adolescents (N = 20) who took screenshots of food images they encountered on their social media during a one-week period. Participants also completed surveys assessing social media use, image source, marketing strategy, etc. Five-hundred food images were gathered and preliminary analyzed for their content. A coding book, developed based on a literature review and a pilot, will guide two authors in coding the images. The codes will be checked for agreement and discrepancies will be resolved among the research team. Finally, the codes will be analyzed to determine food marketing strategies employed and eating social norms portrayed.Results:The most commonly reported social media were Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, and Facebook. Preliminary findings showed that adolescents often encounter branded food images through peers, influencers and food brands, majority of which are paid or word-of-mouth food marketing. The images were mostly promoting non-core foods that are energy-dense and poor in nutrients, especially branded soft drinks and fried foods. An ongoing qualitative analysis of the gathered images aims to conclude with detailed frequencies and relationships between the different study measures assessed. These findings will be elaborated on during the presentation.Discussion:This research provides an in-depth understanding of the social media messages adolescents encounter daily and sheds light on food norms typically communicated on social media by marketers, peers, and influencers. Such findings identify prominent social media food messages that must be tested for their persuasive nature, providing insights for future research that aims to assesses the effects of social media food marketing on adolescent eating. Finally, we call for policies that address current social media marketing strategies targeting adolescents.
The use of Nutrition and Health Claims on Yoghurts on the Irish Market
Authors: O'Mahony S. , Creane R.J. , Philpott E. , O'Donavan C. B. , Lyons O.C. , Donovan C.M. , Quinn S. F. , Flynn M. A. T. , Anderson W. , Collins N. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of nutrition and health claims on food is legislated for in Commission Regulation 1924/2006 and SI No. 11 of 2014. This legislation ensures that any claim made on a food label is clear, accurate and substantiated, enabling consumers to make informed choices. A study undertaken by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) in 2009 found that yoghurts were the food category with the highest use of nutrition and health claims on the Irish market.In 2018, the FSAI undertook a nutrition label verification study to verify the accuracy of declared nutrition information on yoghurts. The aims of this study were to measure the use of nutrition and health claims on a sample of yoghurts available on the Irish market in 2018 and assess their compliance with Regulation 1924/2006 Nutrition and Health Claims made on Food.Yoghurts identified in a 2016 market scan (n578) were weighted based on categorisation of manufacturer type (branded, own brand), product category (natural, flavoured and luxury) and declared nutrition content. Samples (n200) were randomly selected from these weighted groups for the 2018 nutrition label verification study. A subsample (n100) was randomly sampled and checked for presence of nutrition and health claims. Presence of nutrition and health claims was recorded in Microsoft Excel and checked for compliance with Regulation 1924/2006.Of the yoghurts reviewed, 67% (n67) made at least one nutrition claim and 34% (n34) made at least one health claim. Of these, 29% (n29) made a nutrition and a health claim. Branded yoghurts were more likely to make nutrition and health claims than own brand yoghurts (78% (n49) vs. 48% (n18)). Of yoghurts with a health claim, 88% (n30) were branded and 12% (n4) were own brand. Of yoghurts with a nutrition claim, 1.5% (n1) made a nutrition claim which was potentially non-compliant with Regulation 1924/2006. Of yoghurts with a health claim, 74% (n23) made a health claim which was potentially non-compliant with Regulation 1924/2006. The majority of potentially non-compliant health claims were in relation to probiotic strains and ‘live cultures’.In conclusion, yoghurts continue to be a food category which often uses nutrition and health claims. Nutrition and health claims are more frequently used by branded than own brand products. Potentially non-compliant health claims are an issue amongst this food category which will be further investigated and followed up.
Chronic vascular effects of oat phenolic acids and avenanthramides in pre- or stage 1 hypertensive adults
Authors: Soycan Gulten , Schar Manuel Y. , Corona Giulia , Kristek Angelika , Alsharif Sarah , Johnson Jodee , Shewry Peter , Spencer Jeremy Paul Edward 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWholegrain consumption is linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Evidence from randomized controlled trials have established that the consumption of wholegrain oats lowers blood cholesterol, via a mechanism partly mediated by β-glucan soluble fiber. However, oats contain an array of phenolic acids, including ferulic acid and also structurally related avenanthramides, which may also contribute to the cardiovascular health benefits of oat intake. We investigated whether 4 weeks, daily consumption of oat phenolics leads to improvement in markers of CVD risk men and women.In a 3 arm crossover single-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 28 volunteers consumed either: 1) oatmeal/oatcake intervention (-containing 48.9 mg of phenolic acids and 19.2 mg of avenanthramides); 2) oatbran concentrate + rice porridge/wheat cracker intervention (-containing 38.4 mg of phenolic acids and 0.5 mg of avenanthramides) or 3) rice porridge/wheat cracker intervention (containing 13.8 mg of phenolic acids). All treatments were matched in soluble fiber (4.8g) and energy (500kcal). The primary endpoint was FMD and other cardiovascular endpoints were blood pressure, LDI, LDL/HDL cholesterol, platelets and endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). All measures were taken at baseline and after three, 4 week long intervention periods and two washout periods.Our data indicates an increase by 1.09 % ± 0.41 %(Mean ± SEM) in FMD response following high phenolic oat intake with a significant difference (P = 0.007) between baseline and post-intervention. Consumption of high phenolic oats also led to a significant improvement in 24-hour SBP, day time SBP and night time SBP (P < 0.01, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) and day time and night time DBP (p < 0.05). There was also a significant decrease with total and LDL cholesterol after the consumption of moderate and high phenolic oat interventions (P < 0.05) and a small improvement in LDI (both Ach and SNP) but not significant. The number of resting endothelial EVs were also found to be increasing after the consumption of high phenolic oats.The findings of this study may provide evidence about the role of oat phenolic acids and avenanthramides in cardiovascular health and contribute to more effective public health advice about the consumption of oats and healthy cardiovascular aging.
Parental perception of physical activity among school children aged 7 years in Montenegro
Authors: Đorđević Zorica , Kujundžić Enisa , Bajić Borko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Globalisation and modern lifestyles are contributing to different public health problems, especially in early age.Objectives:To present the result of family questionnaires regarding the parental perception of physical activity in children and to discuss the importance of findings compared to overweight and obesity rates in this population group.Methodology:In Montenegro Childhood obesity surveillance initiative (COSI) including 7 years old school children was conducted for the first time in 2016 in accordance with WHO protocol. In total 3581 children were examined and 3162 family questionnaires collected. We analyzed a part of the family questionnaires dealing with children free time in correlation with the results of anthropometric measurements.Results:In working days, according to the parents' claims, around 73% of children spend more than an hour playing outside, while at weekends that number is around 95%. Spending free time in front of the screen longer than 4 hours is bigger at weekends comparing to working days 14%:4%. The results of anthropometric measurement show that around 1/5 of boys and girls are overweighed and around over 1/5 of boys and 1/10 are obese.Conclusion:Parental perception of physical activity level among children is one of the key factors that could influence children growth and development into healthy, resilient adults. Public health approach in strengthening this perception is rising awareness of knowledge, attitudes and behavior of parents regarding the connection between physical activity, free time and overweight and obesity rates in their children.
Assessment of adolescents’ diet at 14 years in the Danish National Birth Cohort: Development of questionnaire and perspectives for research
Authors: Olsen Sjurdur , Bjerregaard Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:By October 2002, a little more than 100,000 women in their early pregnancies had been recruited in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), for long-term follow-up of themselves and their offspring. The overall purpose of DNBC is the establishment of a research database comprising information on exposures and other factors during pregnancy and early life that can be linked to health-related phenomena occurring throughout life. More than 90,000 live-born children are followed by questionnaires and registry linkages, and more than 500 peer-reviewed articles have so far been published from DNBC.The latest completed assessment in the children recorded diet and physical activity at age 14. Our group was responsible for the development and implementation of the questionnaire in DNBC. We report on its development; on selected data; and on their potential utility for research.Materials and methods:The questionnaire was an on-line food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) comprising 158 food items. It was a substantially modified version of the questionnaire developed for the offspring of Nurses’ Health Study 2 participants (GUTS) adapted to the Danish food culture.Results:Mean BMI was 19, and 9.1% of boys and 8.3% of girls were overweight (n = the first 20,814 completed questionnaire). For boys and girls, respectively, estimated mean (SD) intakes were: Energy 9.3 (3.5) and 10.4 (3.9) MJ/d; Protein 15.7 (2.4) and 15.8 (2.5) E%; Fat 32.1 (4.6) and 32.6 (4.5) E%; Carbohydrate 52.2 (5.3) and 51.5 (5.3) E%; Sugar 7.8 (4.1) and 7.1 (3.8) E%; Fruits 213 (208) and 253 (222) g/d; Vegetables 201 (142) and 240 (163) g/d; Fish 96 (108) and 94 (107) g/w; Meat 792 (415) and 694 (381) g/week; and Sugar-sweetened beverages 1.2 (1.3) and 0.8 (1.1) L/week.Considerable variability was observed. E.g., for sugar-sweetened beverages, the highest quarter consumed more than 1.4 and the lowest less than 0.32 L/week; for fish, the corresponding figures were 120 and 30 g/week, respectively. We observed substantial gradients across sociodemographic groups.Discussion:Our data revealed a considerable variability in dietary intake in DNBC, with substantial sociodemographic gradients. These results point to an important and unique potential for prevention and future research. DNBC is the largest database worldwide of its kind with extensive information on dietary exposures in pregnancy (1) as well as during adolescence.
Relationship of obesity with B vitamin status: analysis of NDNS data from UK women of reproductive age
Authors: Kerr Maeve , Livingstone Barbara , Ward Mary , McAnena Liadhan , Cox Lorna , Price Ruth , Pentieva Kristina , McNulty Helene 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPre-pregnancy obesity is associated with a 2-fold increased risk of Neural Tube Defects (NTD), an effect not explained by lower dietary folate intake, or non-use of folic acid supplements (as recommended globally to women before and in early pregnancy for NTD prevention). While the exact mechanism linking NTD and obesity is poorly understood, it is possible that a compromised status or metabolism of folate and/or of the closely related micronutrients (vitamin B12, B6 and riboflavin) may be involved. To date however, this hypothesis has not been adequately explored. This study therefore aimed to investigate the relationship of obesity with folate and related B vitamin biomarkers in a representative cohort of non-pregnant UK women of reproductive age. Data were accessed from the most recent UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS; Years 7–8; 2015–16), a rolling cross-sectional survey designed to gather information from a representative sample of the UK population on nutrient intakes, food consumption and nutritional status. Data for women aged 16–45 years (non B vitamin supplement users; n 364), were extracted on: anthropometry (height, weight, body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC]), dietary intakes of B vitamins and biomarkers for serum and red blood cell folate, vitamin B12 (total serum B12 and holotranscobalamin), vitamin B6 (plasma pyridoxal-5-phosphate [PLP]) and riboflavin (erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient EGRAac]). Prevalence of overweight and obesity (i.e. BMI: 25–30kg/m2 and > 30kg/m2) was 28% and 22% respectively, whilst abdominal obesity (i.e. WC > 88cm) was present in 31% of the women. Total serum B12 (r -0.215, P 0.012) and PLP (r -0.270, P 0.002) were negatively correlated with WC, with similar, albeit weaker, correlations found for BMI. Correspondingly, women with abdominal obesity compared to those without, had a lower status of total serum B12 (Median values of: 212 v 249 v pmol/L; P 0.049), B6 (31.5 v 40.5 nmol/L; P 0.002) and EGRac (1.43 v 1.36; P 0.031). No differences in B vitamin dietary intake were observed by categories of abdominal obesity. Abdominal obesity may be a risk factor for low status of both vitamins B12 and B6, independently of dietary intake. Further investigation to elucidate the potential underlying mechanism is warranted. These findings also highlight the importance of taking abdominal obesity into account, in addition to BMI, when examining possible adverse impacts of obesity on micronutrient status.
The effect of protein supplementation and its timing on energy intake and appetite in a middle-older aged adult population
Authors: Tuttiett Esme , Williams Elizabeth , Corfe Bernard , Stevenson Emma , Hill Tom 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionWith ageing there is a reduction in muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia. A further consequence of ageing is a reduction in appetite and this can result in a reduced energy intake and malnutrition. Increased dietary protein intake may reduce the risk of sarcopenia, however, protein is particularly satiating. Increasing protein intake in the older adult population, without a reduction of overall energy intake and appetite is desirable. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of protein supplementation on dietary intake and appetite. A further aim was to explore whether the time of consumption (morning vs evening) modified the impact of protein on energy intake and appetite.Materials and methodsTwenty-four middle-older aged (50–75 years) participants were recruited to a randomised cross-over trial. In phase 1 (pre-supplementation) participants completed a 3d food diary and were asked to report hunger and appetite using visual analogue scale questionnaires. In the second and third phases, participants consumed a whey protein gel (containing 20 g protein and 376kJ of energy) for 4 days at either the evening (before bed) or in the morning (after breakfast) and completed the same tasks as phase 1. There was a 1-week wash-out period before crossing over to the alternative time point. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyse the data.ResultsThere was no significant difference in average daily energy and macronutrient intake provided by the habitual diet in the pre-supplementation phase compared to the whey protein supplementation phases, irrespective of timing (p > 0.05). Similarly, no significant differences were observed in reported feelings of hunger and appetite (p > 0.05).DiscussionContrary to expectations, the addition of a 20g/day whey protein supplement did not alter subsequent energy and macronutrient intake when consumed over a 4-day period in this middle-older adult population. This may be due to the low-calorie composition of the supplement, or the timing of the intake. This research helps to inform protein delivery strategies, however different product formulations need to be explored, and studies of longer duration are required to understand the impact of prolonged supplementation on eating behaviour.
Eating behaviour, health locus of control and stages of change towards healthy eating among Portuguese undergraduate students
Authors: Are Marta , Santos Eduila , Oliveira Bruno M. P. M. , Correia Flora , Poínhos Rui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEating behaviour refers to quantitative and qualitative features of the selection and decision on the foods to be consumed. Knowledge on determinants of eating behaviour increases the success of actions and interventions aiming to promote healthy eating habits and to prevent diseases. Several constructs facilitate the comprehension of health-related changes, among which the Locus of Control (LoC) and Stages of Change (SoC). Our aim was to study the relationships between several dimensions of eating behaviour with the health LoC and SoC towards healthy eating among Portuguese higher education students. Data from 267 higher education students (63.7% females) aged 18 to 27 years were assessed regarding health LoC (Health Locus of Control Scale; Ribeiro, 1994), SoC towards healthy eating (question and items from Kearney et al. (1999), adapted to refer specifically to the adoption of healthy eating) and eating behaviour. Emotional and external eating were measured using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, flexible and rigid control of eating behaviour was measured with the Portuguese version of the subscales proposed by Westenhoefer et al. (1999), the Portuguese version of the Binge Eating Scale was used to assess binge eating severity, and eating self-efficacy was measured using the General Eating Self-Efficacy Scale. BMI was calculated using self-reported weight and height. No significant associations were found between BMI and health LoC. In the female subsample, i-LoC assessed through the factor “locus of control” was negatively associated with binge eating and positively with eating self-efficacy. However, we also found a negative association between eating self-efficacy and i-LoC assessed by the factor “other powerful”. Among men, none of the eating behaviour dimensions presented an association with health LoC. Regarding SoC, participants in the maintenance stage presented lower external eating and binge eating (both sexes), lower emotional eating and higher eating self-efficacy (women) and dietary restraint (higher rigid control among men but higher flexible control among women), when compared to those in the pre-contemplation/ contemplation stages. Our results suggest that SoC and LoC may be useful to achieve deeper knowledge on eating behaviour. Their assessement may also help designing early and sex-directed (namely regarding the different types of dietary restraint) programs and interventions focusing eating behaviour.
Determinants of weight gain in patients with depressive or bipolar disorders
Authors: Quere Clémence , Illner Anne-Kathrin , Damelincourt Jean-Luc , Younes Hassan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Mental health disorders constitute a growing disease burden in France. In particular, hospitalized patients with depressive or bipolar disorders suffer from weight gain impairing adherence to treatment and the quality of life. The objective of this preliminary study is to better understand determinants of weight gain and their synergetic effects, with the ultimate aim to develop a screening tool identifying at risk patients.Material and methods:Subjects were recruited at the private psychiatric clinic of Littoral, Rang-du-Fliers in the North of France according to pre-definite inclusion criteria. Data assessment has been based on 1) a retrospective case-control study using electronic medical records of depressive or bipolar patients (n = 207); 2) a prospective observational study (n = 20) using the medical records, and additional questionnaires at T0 (interview-administered) and T1 (self-administered) after an average length of hospital stay of 24.8 days (± 6.3) and 3) a cross-sectional study in depressive patients (n = 40) under psychotropic treatment at the day hospital, using the medical records and an interview-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and analytical statistics (Spearman rank correlations, binary logistic regression) were performed with SPSS statistics 17.0.Results:The mean age of all patients was 49.3 years (± 10.7). Patients’ weight change after hospital stay varied in the retrospective study from + 0.5 kg (± 1.98) [min: - 5.4 kg; max: + 8,4kg]. Patients at the day hospital had an mean psychotropic treatment duration of 7.8 years (± 7.8) and gained on average 17.6 kg (± 10,01). Weight gain was particularly related to the use of tricyclic antidepressants, classic antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics. All psychotropic drugs were significantly associated with a change in eating behavior (rs = 0.37) which was significantly associated with weight gain (rs = 0.40). All studies observed significant associations between weight gain and a lower socio-economic profile (low financial resources, few social contacts, low level of education), polymedication and a sedentary lifestyle with a higher tobacco consumption and less sleeping hours.Discussion:This preliminary study confirms the complex interaction between psychotropic treatments, the modification of eating behavior which can be triggered by other determinants of weight gain in patients with depressive or bipolar disorders, such as tobacco consumption. The results provide new perspectives to create an innovative screening tool to improve the nutritional care in at risk patients. The development of such a tool is ongoing.