bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mode generator and multiplexer at visible wavelength based on all-fiber mode selective coupler
Authors: Yao Han , Shi Fan , Wu Zhaoyang , Xu Xinzhu , Wang Teng , Liu Xiaomin , Xi Peng , Pang Fufei , Zeng Xianglong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Using an all-fiber mode selective coupler (MSC) at the visible band, here we experimentally demonstrate a generating and wavelength multiplexing scheme for the cylindrical vector (CV) and vortex beams (VBs). The proposed MSCs act as efficient mode converters to produce spectrally insensitive high-order modes (HOMs) at the wavelength ranging from 450 to 980 nm, which have broad operation bandwidth (more than 7 nm), high mode conversion efficiency (94%), and purity (98%), and low insert loss (below 0.5 dB). By adjusting the polarization state and the phase shift of linear polarization (LP)11 mode respectively, the donut-shaped CVs and circular-polarization VBs are achieved. The focused intensity distribution of the donut beam on the cross- and axial-sections is monitored by using a confocal system. The all-fiber solution of producing and multiplexing HOMs opens a new route for stimulated emission depletion microscopy applications.
Voltage Imaging of Cortical Oscillations in Layer 1 with Two-Photon Microscopy
Authors: Dalphin Neil , Dorgans Kevin , Khaskin Eugene , Kuhn Bernd 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMembrane voltage oscillations in layer 1 (L1) of primary sensory cortices might be important indicators of cortical gain control, attentional focusing, and signal integration. However, electric field recordings are hampered by the low seal resistance of electrodes close to the brain surface. To study L1 membrane voltage oscillations, we synthesized a new voltage-sensitive dye, di1-ANNINE (anellated hemicyanine)-6plus, that can diffuse into tissue. We applied it with a new surgery, leaving the dura intact but allowing injection of large quantities of staining solution, and imaged cortical membrane potential oscillations with two-photon microscopy depth-resolved (25–100 μm below dura) in anesthetized and awake mice. We found delta (0.5–4 Hz), theta (4–10 Hz), low beta (10–20 Hz), and low gamma (30–40 Hz) oscillations. All oscillations were stronger in awake animals. While the power of delta, theta, and low beta oscillations increased with depth, the power of low gamma was more constant throughout L1. These findings identify L1 as an important coordination hub for the dynamic binding process of neurons mediated by oscillations.
Molecular Mechanisms of Non-ionotropic NMDA Receptor Signaling in Dendritic Spine Shrinkage
Authors: Stein Ivar S. , Park Deborah K. , Flores Juan C. , Jahncke Jennifer N. , Zito Karen 
Published: April 2020

Structural plasticity of dendritic spines is a key component of the refinement of synaptic connections during learning. Recent studies highlight a novel role for the NMDA receptor (NMDAR), independent of ion flow, in driving spine shrinkage and LTD. Yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms that link conformational changes in the NMDAR to changes in spine size and synaptic strength. Here, using two-photon glutamate uncaging to induce plasticity at individual dendritic spines on hippocampal CA1 neurons from mice and rats of both sexes, we demonstrate that p38 MAPK is generally required downstream of non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling to drive both spine shrinkage and LTD. In a series of pharmacological and molecular genetic experiments, we identify key components of the non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling pathway driving dendritic spine shrinkage, including the interaction between NOS1AP (nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), nNOS enzymatic activity, activation of MK2 (MAPK-activated protein kinase 2) and cofilin, and signaling through CaMKII. Our results represent a large step forward in delineating the molecular mechanisms of non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling that can drive shrinkage and elimination of dendritic spines during synaptic plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSignaling through the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) is vitally important for the synaptic plasticity that underlies learning. Recent studies highlight a novel role for the NMDAR, independent of ion flow, in driving synaptic weakening and dendritic spine shrinkage during synaptic plasticity. Here, we delineate several key components of the molecular pathway that links conformational signaling through the NMDAR to dendritic spine shrinkage during synaptic plasticity.
Basigin Associates with Integrin in Order to Regulate Perineurial Glia andDrosophilaNervous System Morphology
Authors: Hunter Amelia C. , Petley-Ragan Lindsay M. , Das Mriga , Auld Vanessa J. 
Published: April 2020

TheDrosophilanervous system is ensheathed by a layer of outer glial cells, the perineurial glia, and a specialized extracellular matrix, the neural lamella. The function of perineurial glial cells and how they interact with the extracellular matrix are just beginning to be elucidated. Integrin-based focal adhesion complexes link the glial membrane to the extracellular matrix, but little is known about integrin's regulators in the glia. The transmembrane Ig domain protein Basigin/CD147/EMMPRIN is highly expressed in the perineurial glia surrounding theDrosophilalarval nervous system. Here we show that Basigin associates with integrin at the focal adhesions to uphold the structure of the glia-extracellular matrix sheath. Knockdown of Basigin in perineurial glia using RNAi results in significant shortening of the ventral nerve cord, compression of the glia and extracellular matrix in the peripheral nerves, and reduction in larval locomotion. We determined that Basigin is expressed in close proximity to integrin at the glial membrane, and that expression of the extracellular integrin-binding domain of Basigin is sufficient to rescue peripheral glial compression. We also found that a reduction in expression of integrin at the membrane rescues the ventral nerve cord shortening, peripheral glial compression, and locomotor phenotypes, and that reduction in the integrin-binding protein Talin can partially rescue glial compression. These results identify Basigin as a potential negative regulator of integrin in the glia, supporting proper glial and extracellular matrix ensheathment of the nervous system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe glial cells and extracellular matrix play important roles in supporting and protecting the nervous system, but the interactions between these components have not been well characterized. Our study identified expression of a conserved Ig superfamily protein, Basigin, at the glial membrane ofDrosophilawhere it associates with the integrin-based focal adhesion complexes to ensure proper ensheathment of the CNS and PNS. Loss of Basigin in the glia results in an overall compression of the nervous system due to integrin dysregulation, which causes locomotor defects in the animals. This underlies the importance of glia-matrix communication for structural and functional support of the nervous system.
Acute Stress Enhances Associative Learning via Dopamine Signaling in the Ventral Lateral Striatum
Authors: Stelly Claire E. , Tritley Sean C. , Rafati Yousef , Wanat Matthew J. 
Published: April 2020

Acute stress transiently increases vigilance, enhancing the detection of salient stimuli in one's environment. This increased perceptual sensitivity is thought to promote the association of rewarding outcomes with relevant cues. The mesolimbic dopamine system is critical for learning cue–reward associations. Dopamine levels in the ventral striatum are elevated following exposure to stress. Together, this suggests that the mesolimbic dopamine system could mediate the influence of acute stress on cue–reward learning. To address this possibility, we examined how a single stressful experience influenced learning in an appetitive pavlovian conditioning task. Male rats underwent an episode of restraint prior to the first conditioning session. This acute stress treatment augmented conditioned responding in subsequent sessions. Voltammetry recordings of mesolimbic dopamine levels demonstrated that acute stress selectively increased reward-evoked dopamine release in the ventral lateral striatum (VLS), but not in the ventral medial striatum. Antagonizing dopamine receptors in the VLS blocked the stress-induced enhancement of conditioned responding. Collectively, these findings illustrate that stress engages dopamine signaling in the VLS to facilitate appetitive learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAcute stress influences learning about aversive and rewarding outcomes. Dopamine neurons are sensitive to stress and critical for reward learning. However, it is unclear whether stress regulates reward learning via dopamine signaling. Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry as rats underwent pavlovian conditioning, we demonstrate that a single stressful experience increases reward-evoked dopamine release in the ventral lateral striatum. This enhanced dopamine signal accompanies a long-lasting increase in conditioned behavioral responding. These findings highlight that the ventral lateral striatum is a node for mediating the effect of stress on reward processing.
A Highly Contiguous Genome for the Golden-Fronted Woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons) via Hybrid Oxford Nanopore and Short Read Assembly
Authors: Wiley Graham , Miller Matthew J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Woodpeckers are found in nearly every part of the world and have been important for studies of biogeography, phylogeography, and macroecology. Woodpecker hybrid zones are often studied to understand the dynamics of introgression between bird species. Notably, woodpeckers are gaining attention for their enriched levels of transposable elements (TEs) relative to most other birds. This enrichment of TEs may have substantial effects on molecular evolution. However, comparative studies of woodpecker genomes are hindered by the fact that no high-contiguity genome exists for any woodpecker species. Using hybrid assembly methods combining long-read Oxford Nanopore and short-read Illumina sequencing data, we generated a highly contiguous genome assembly for the Golden-fronted Woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons). The final assembly is 1.31 Gb and comprises 441 contigs plus a full mitochondrial genome. Half of the assembly is represented by 28 contigs (contig L50), each of these contigs is at least 16 Mb in size (contig N50). High recovery (92.6%) of bird-specific BUSCO genes suggests our assembly is both relatively complete and relatively accurate. Over a quarter (25.8%) of the genome consists of repetitive elements, with 287 Mb (21.9%) of those elements assignable to the CR1 superfamily of transposable elements, the highest proportion of CR1 repeats reported for any bird genome to date. Our assembly should improve comparative studies of molecular evolution and genomics in woodpeckers and allies. Additionally, the sequencing and bioinformatic resources used to generate this assembly were relatively low-cost and should provide a direction for development of high-quality genomes for studies of animal biodiversity.
Mitochondrial Biogenesis Is Positively Regulated by Casein Kinase I Hrr25 Through Phosphorylation of Puf3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bhondeley Manika , Liu Zhengchang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis requires coordinated expression of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, which in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is achieved in part via post-transcriptional control by the Pumilio RNA-binding domain protein Puf3. Puf3 binds to the 3′-UTR of many messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that encode mitochondrial proteins, regulating their turnover, translation, and/or mitochondrial targeting. Puf3 hyperphosphorylation correlates with increased mitochondrial biogenesis; however, the kinase responsible for Puf3 phosphorylation is unclear. Here, we show that the casein kinase I protein Hrr25 negatively regulates Puf3 by mediating its phosphorylation. An hrr25 mutation results in reduced phosphorylation of Puf3 in vivo and a puf3 deletion mutation reverses growth defects of hrr25 mutant cells grown on medium with a nonfermentable carbon source. We show that Hrr25 directly phosphorylates Puf3, and that the interaction between Puf3 and Hrr25 is mediated through the N-terminal domain of Puf3 and the kinase domain of Hrr25. We further found that an hrr25 mutation reduces GFP expression from GFP reporter constructs carrying the 3′-UTR of Puf3 targets. Downregulation of GFP expression due to an hrr25 mutation can be reversed either by puf3Δ or by mutations to the Puf3-binding sites in the 3′-UTR of the GFP reporter constructs. Together, our data indicate that Hrr25 is a positive regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis by phosphorylating Puf3 and inhibiting its function in downregulating target mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins.
Avaliação das doses e do risco subsequente de desenvolvimento de câncer em órgãos fora do campo de tratamento na radioterapia de linfoma de Hodgkin
Authors: Oliveira Vitor Jesus , Dovales Ana Cristina , Batista Delano Valdivino , Santos Denison Souza , Rosa Luiz Antonio 
Published: April 2020

O tratamento de linfoma de Hodgkin com radioterapia tem sido aprimorado nas últimas décadas de forma a minimizar os efeitos colaterais danosos da radiação ionizante no paciente. Um novo desafio que surge é a análise da dose em órgãos fora da região de tratamento e o risco atribuído a essa exposição. Neste trabalho avaliamos as doses nos órgãos de interesse e o risco subsequente de indução de câncer após o tratamento. Foi feita a simulação de um tratamento em uma paciente feminino de 20 anos, para avaliação do risco de desenvolvimento de câncer secundário após a exposição à radiação. Para isso, utilizamos o fantoma feminino e o acelerador linear Clinac® iX 885 da Varian para a calibração dos TLDs e irradiação do fantoma. O programa online RadRAT foi usado para avaliar o risco ao longo da vida. Foi feita a comparação entre cinco países cujas informações sobre expectativa de vida e taxa de incidência de câncer estão registradas no programa. Nossos resultados mostraram que o tratamento convencional para o linfoma de Hodgkin acarreta um risco atribuído maior para o desenvolvimento de câncer no cérebro aumentando entre 21% e 23% o número de novos casos. Para câncer no útero, o excesso de risco é pouco maior que 2%, não tendo um aumento estatisticamente significante (p=0,30). O câncer de bexiga, no entanto, apesar de ser o órgão mais distante do campo de irradiação teve um risco atribuído ao longo da vida próximo a 10% na maioria dos grupos populacionais.
Root endophytic fungi promote in vitro seed germination in Pleurothallis coriacardia (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Maldonado Gabriela P. , Yarzábal Luis A. , Cevallos-Cevallos Juan M. , Chica Eduardo J. , Peña Denisse F. 
Published: April 2020

Seeds of many orchids rely on the presence of fungi to trigger the germination process and even to initiate the full development of protocorms. While attention has been directed towards the study of mycorrhizal fungi, the diversity and functions of endophytic fungi from orchid roots remain underexplored, and few studies have verified their ecological role. This is the case of Pleurothallis coriacardia, an endemic green Neotropical orchid with both epiphytic and lithophytic habits growing in High-Andean montane forests. In the present study, we screened the cultivable fraction of the endophytic fungi colonizing the roots of mature plants of P. coriacardia using ITS rDNA markers. We also tested the potential of these endophytic fungi to improve embryo development and seed germination. Most of the isolated endophytes were classified within Psathyrellaceae. Some isolates, identified as members of the Ilyonectria and Coprinellus genera, significantly promoted embryo development in vitro in P. coriacardia seeds, a result that highlights the ecological roles these endophytic fungi may play in nature.
Keywords: Andean montane forest, embryo development, epiphytic orchids, Ilyonectria, lithophytic orchids, Psathryrellaceae
The role of apoptosis in the complex pathogenesis of the most common obstetrics and gynaecology diseases
Authors: Kovács P. , Joó József Gábor , Tamás V. , Molnár Z. , Burik-Hajas D. , Bódis J. , Kornya L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to assess the etiological role of apoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Bax in the background of major obstetric and gynaecological diseases.MethodsPlacental tissue samples were collected from 101 pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction and 104 pregnancies with premature birth with 140 controll samples from term, eutrophic newborns. In addition, gene expression assessment of the genes Bax and Bcl-2 was performed in 101 uterine leiomyoma tissue samples at our disposal with 110 control cases. Gene expression levels were assessed by PCR method.ResultsThe expression of the Bcl-2 gene was decreased in placental samples with intrauterine growth restriction. Significant overexpression of the proapoptotic Bax gene was detected in samples from premature infants. Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 gene expression was found to be significantly increased in fibroid tissues.ConclusionApoptosis plays a crucial role in the development of the most common OB/GYN conditions. Decrease in the placental expression of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 may upset the balance of programmed cell death.
The surveillance of antibiotics resistance in Indonesia: a current reports
Authors: Dahesihdewi Andaru , Sugianli Adhi Kristianto , Parwati Ida 
Published: April 2020

Background. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become serious problem globally. Surveillance AMR is important to be part of quality indicator in antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP).Method. Surveillance of microbial pattern and their antibiotics susceptibility in Indonesia 2017 were developed by Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Data aggregation was sourced from 31 hospitals antibiogram report which were joined the system of national data collection in forlabinfeksi.or.id. with standardized inclusion criteria. Data was analyzed descriptively, based on hospital type-A-B-C.Â Â Â Â Result. There were 15.302 isolates included, 4.761 (31,1%) were positive Gram and 10.541 (68,9%) were negative Gram, 61,6% reported by type-A hospital, 16,4% by type-B and 22% by type-C. Positive and negative Gram patterns respectively were E. faecalis and E.coliÂ (blood and urine), Streptococcus spp and K. pneumoniae (sputum), S. aureus and E.coli (pus), E. faecalis and E.coliÂ (wound), coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Enterobacteriaceae (CSF). Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was slightly different among various types of hospital and among various clinical specimens. Positive Gram bacteria had good vancomycin susceptibility in all hospital types, except in sputum from Type-A and B hospital, also in blood and urine from Type-C hospital, similarly with linezolide susceptibility. Susceptibility pattern among Gram negative- bacteria for carbapenem and amikacin was good, in all hospital types, except on A. baumannii.Â For A. baumannii, antibiotic carbapenem, amikacin and ceftazidime susceptibility were 20-66%, 35-80%, and up to 83%, respectively. For P. aeruginosa, antibiotic susceptibility pattern was equal among all hospital types. Their susceptibility against cephalosporin (ceftazidime), fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) and aminoglycoside (amikacin) were better in higher type-hospital. Conclusion. This result may become part of national epidemiological data for ASP program evaluation. This data may also be referred for local empirical antibiotic guideline among limited resources appropriate hospital. There will be improvement forward for more representative beneficial data.
Post total splenectomy outcome in thalassemia patients
Authors: Isa Muntadhar M. , Thayeb Amir , Yani Ahmad , Hutagalung Muhammad Bayu Z. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Splenectomy in thalassemia patient is indicated in the transfusion-dependent patient when hypersplenism increases blood transfusion requirement, prevents adequate control of body iron with chelation therapy and increased risk for infection.Method: This study was retrospective study aims to evaluate the outcome of splenectomy in pediatric thalassemia patients and its related factor. A total 34 thalassemia patient with post total splenectomy patients was included in this study. Â Result: Mean age was 20.7 Â± 6.5 years old with majority mild malnutrition (61.8%) and the majority of spleen size Schaffner 6-7 (73.5%). The duration between thalassemia diagnosis and total splenectomy was 6-7 years. Statistical analysis showed significant decreased of mean blood transfusion volume from 4691.4 cc per year to 3764.2 cc per year (p = 0.048), decreased mean blood transfusion volume from 219.6 cc per Kg Body Weight (BW) per year to 125.5 cc per Kg BW per year (p<0.001) and decreased of blood transfusion frequency from 12-14 times per year to 6-8 times per year (p<0.001). There is only one case subcutaneous emphysema as complication after splenectomy.Conclusion: Overall, this study showed total splenectomy improve the outcome of thalassemia with hypersplenism with low rate of complication.
Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography Predicts Bone Marrow Involvement in the Staging of Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: St-Pierre Frédérique , Broski Stephen M. , LaPlant Betsy R. , Maurer Matthew J. , Ristow Kay , Thanarajasingam Gita , Macon William R. , Habermann Thomas M. , Witzig Thomas E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundStandard bone marrow biopsy (BMB) and bone involvement with follicular lymphoma (FL) on positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) both predict early clinical failure in FL. The key clinical question is whether PET/CT findings can obviate the need for BMB. The goal of this study was to determine the value of PET/CT in determining bone involvement in FL, using posterior iliac crest BMB as the gold standard.Materials and MethodsA total of 548 patients with newly diagnosed grade 1–3A FL were included. The presence, pattern, and location of bone involvement, spleen involvement, and standardized uptake values (SUVs) in the L3 vertebral body were recorded for all patients and compared with the BMB report.ResultsExcluding patients with focal bone lesions on PET/CT, the sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT in detecting bone or marrow involvement, compared with BMB, were 53% and 88%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of spleen involvement on PET/CT in predicting a positive BMB were 55% and 86%, respectively. An L3 SUVmax of less than 2.0 resulted in a negative predictive value (NPV) of 96% for marrow involvement on BMB; an L3 SUVmean below 1.4 resulted in an NPV of 100%.ConclusionIn newly diagnosed FL, PET/CT-detected bone and splenic involvement is highly specific for a positive BMB, and very low SUV values (&lt;2.0 SUVmax and &lt; 1.4 SUVmean) in the lumbar spine have a high NPV for a negative BMB. Routine BMB may be obviated in these patients. BMB remains necessary to definitively exclude bone marrow involvement in a large majority of patients with a negative PET.Implications for PracticePredicting early clinical failure in follicular lymphoma (FL) is important but difficult. Bone marrow involvement by FL is associated with early clinical failure, and determining this involvement is a key component of the initial staging. This study highlights that in certain patients, positron emission tomography/computed tomography is sufficient in determining bone or marrow involvement, without the need for a confirmatory bone marrow biopsy (BMB). An algorithm is provided based on these findings to help clinicians determine which patients would benefit from BMB and when it can be avoided.