bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypocholesterolaemia and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Ndrepepa Gjin , Holdenrieder Stefan , Cassese Salvatore , Xhepa Erion , Fusaro Massimiliano , Kastrati Adnan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe association between hypocholesterolaemia and outcome of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. We undertook this study to investigate whether there is an association between spontaneous or under statin therapy occurring hypocholesterolaemia and mortality in patients with CAD.Materials and MethodsThis study included 14 952 patients with CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Hypocholesterolaemia was defined as a total cholesterol (TC) <157 mg/dL (the upper limit of 1st quintile of TC). The study outcome was all‐cause mortality at 30 days and 3 years after PCI.ResultsPatients are categorized in four groups according to TC and statin therapy on admission: statin‐naïve patients with hypocholesterolaemia (n = 1102), statin‐naïve patients without hypocholesterolaemia (n = 7490), statin‐treated patients with hypocholesterolaemia (n = 1824) and statin‐treated patients without hypocholesterolaemia (n = 4536). In these groups, 30‐day all‐cause deaths occurred in 3.7%, 1.4%, 1.2% and 0.6% of the patients, respectively; 3‐year deaths occurred in 18.0%, 8.4%, 10.9% and 7.2%, of the patients, respectively. After adjustment, hypocholesterolaemia remained independently associated with 30‐day (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07 to 2.09; P < 0001) and 3‐year (HR = 1.29 [1.12‐1.47]; P < .001) mortality. Statin therapy on admission was independently associated with 30‐day (HR = 0.61 [0.43‐0.86]; P = .012) and 3‐year (HR = 0.82 [0.72‐0.94]; P = .017) mortality with no statin‐by‐cholesterol interaction with respect to 30‐day (adjusted Pint = 0.669) or 3‐year (adjusted Pint = 0.767) all‐cause mortality suggesting that statins reduce the risk of mortality irrespective of cholesterol level.ConclusionsIn patients with CAD, hypocholesterolaemia on admission was independently associated with increased risk of all‐cause mortality at 30 days and 3 years after PCI.
Management of maxillofacial trauma in the elderly: A European multicenter study
Authors: Brucoli Matteo , Boffano Paolo , Romeo Irene , Corio Chiara , Benech Arnaldo , Ruslin Muhammad , Forouzanfar Tymour , Starch‐Jensen Thomas , Rodríguez‐Santamarta Tanía , de Vicente Juan Carlos , Snäll Johanna , Thorén Hanna , Tarle Marko , Dediol Emil , Pechalova Petia , Pavlov Nikolai , Daskalov Hristo , Doykova Iva , Kelemith Kadri , Tamme Tiia , Kopchak Andrey , Shumynskyi Ievgen , Corre Pierre , Bertin Helios , Goguet Quentin , Anquetil Marine , Louvrier Aurélien , Meyer Christophe , Dovšak Tadej , Vozlič David , Birk Anže , Aničić Boban , Konstantinovic Vitomir S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground/AimsManagement of maxillofacial trauma in the geriatric population poses a great challenge due to anatomical variations and medical comorbidities. The aim of this study was to analyze the management variables, timing, and outcomes of facial fractures in elderly patients (aged 70 years or more) at several European departments of oral and maxillofacial surgery.Materials and MethodsThis study was based on a systematic computer‐assisted database that allowed the recording of data from all geriatric patients with facial fractures from the involved maxillofacial surgical units across Europe between 2013 and 2017.ResultsA total of 1334 patients were included in the study: 665 patients underwent closed or open surgical treatment. A significant association (P < .005) was found between the presence of concomitant injuries and a prolonged time between hospital admission and treatment. The absence of indications to treatment was associated with comorbidities and an older age (P < .000005).ConclusionsElderly patients require specific attention and multidisciplinary collaboration in the diagnosis and sequencing of trauma treatment. A prudent attitude may be kept in selected cases, especially when severe comorbidities are associated and function is not impaired.
A review of potential factors promoting fish movement in inter‐basin water transfers, with emergent patterns from a trait‐based risk analysis for a large‐scale project in china
Authors: Schmidt Bjorn V. , Wang Zhen , Ren Peng , Guo Chuanbo , Qin Jiao , Cheng Fei , Xie Songguang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInter‐basin water transfers create new pathways between previously disjunct systems and communities. If fish movement occurs, it can lead to invasion or altered regional connectivity patterns, which could induce biotic/genetic homogenisation or synchronisation. Understanding ecological factors promoting movement is critical for predicting potential impacts during project planning, to assess ongoing effects, and to develop mediation strategies. Potential characteristics influencing movement rates were reviewed, including intrinsic traits that increase passive entrainment or active dispersal rates, extrinsic traits of the connected environments and their interactions. In order to examine patterns among these potentially influencing characteristics, a trait‐based screening method for movement and invasion risk was developed to analyse linked communities in a database from a large‐scale inter‐basin water diversion in China. Groups of fishes that scored high in the risk assessment were compared with worldwide examples of entrainment in inter‐basin water transfer systems or smaller‐scale diversions to examine emergent patterns of shared ecological characteristics. Specific traits that were most often shared in these groups, indicating a higher likelihood of movement in water diversions, include the following: a smaller body size, high adult or larval abundance, migratory behaviour, generalist and pelagic habitat preferences, and a high reproductive output. The synthesis of factors identified in this research can be used to guide future empirical studies to fill knowledge gaps regarding ecological impacts of inter‐basin water transfers or other smaller‐scale diversions on local communities and ecosystems.
Co‐incorporation of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw minimizes CH4 emissions by changing the methanogenic and methanotrophic communities in a paddy soil
Authors: Zhou Guopeng , Gao Songjuan , Xu Changxu , Zeng Naohua , Rees Robert M. , Cao Weidong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe practice of co‐incorporating rice straw and leguminous green manure (such as Chinese milk vetch) into paddy soils has become increasingly popular in the last 10 years, although its effect on soil CH4 emissions and microbial community structure is poorly understood. In this study, data from a 2‐year pot experiment were used to reveal the effects of the co‐incorporation of rice straw and Chinese milk vetch on CH4 emissions and methanogenic and methanotrophic communities in paddy soil. Five treatments were chosen: CK (unamended control), CF (inorganic fertilizer), FM (inorganic fertilizer and Chinese milk vetch, 20 g 10 kg−1 dry soil, 4.5 t ha−1), FR (inorganic fertilizer and rice straw, 20 g 10 kg−1 dry soil, 4.5 t ha−1) and FMR (inorganic fertilizer and Chinese milk vetch and rice straw mixture, 5 + 15 g 10 kg−1 dry soil, 1.125 + 2.375 t ha−1). Overall, the soil CH4 emissions in the 2 years under all residue treatments (104.4–122.8 and 83.3–133.3 g CH4 m−2) were higher than those in CK (57.0 and 20.7 g CH4 m−2) and CF (71.8 and 21.9 g CH4 m−2) treatments. The FMR treatment decreased CH4 emissions when compared with FM and FR, especially in the second year. A higher abundance of methanogens (mcrA gene copies) was found under the plant residue‐treated soils (4.35 × 108 g−1 dry soil on average) and FM increased the abundance of methanotrophs (pmoA gene copies, 2.68 × 106 g−1 dry soil). Application of plant residues changed the methanogenic and methanotrophic community structures in comparison with CF (e.g., markedly increased the populations of Methanobacteriales and Methylomonas and suppressed Methanomicrobiales and Methylobacter populations). Methane emissions were significantly and positively related to the mcrA and pmoA gene copy numbers, as well as the mcrA/pmoA ratio. The partial least squares path model (PLS‐PM) indicated that the rice plant biomass (path coefficient = 0.64), the abundance of methanogens (path coefficient = 0.57) and the community structure of methanotrophs (path coefficient = −0.59) were determinants of CH4 emissions. Among the three residue‐treated soils, FMR showed the lowest CH4 emissions and was associated with a slight decrease in the mcrA/pmoA ratio and a significant increase in the Type I/Type II methanotrophs ratio. Thus, we recommend the co‐incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw as a sustainable fertilization pattern to improve the growth of rice and minimize CH4 emissions.Highlights
Residue application improves rice productivity (except for FR), soil fertility and CH4 emissions.
Co‐incorporation of MV and RS reduces CH4 emissions in comparison with pure MV or RS addition.
Residue application changes the community structure of methanogens and methanotrophs.
The methanogenic abundance and the methanotrophic community structure determine the CH4 emissions.
Minimum fatigue striation spacing and its stress amplitude dependence in a commercially pure titanium
Authors: Ahmed Mansur , Islam Md Saiful , Yin Shuo , Lupoi Rocco 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report the fatigue striation spacing of commercially pure titanium with respect to stress amplitude. Rotating bending fatigue tests were performed at 150, 175, 200 and 227 MPa in which samples did not fail at 150 MPa. No fatigue striation up to a certain crack length is observed for the studied conditions. For each condition, a minimum striation spacing value is found that decreases from 0.45 to 0.36 to 0.24 μm with increasing stress from 175 to 200 to 227 MPa, respectively. The minimum striation spacing remains constant up to a certain crack length for each condition. Thereafter, it starts increasing with crack length. It is quite understandable that the constant striation spacing over a certain crack length may not represent the macroscopic fatigue crack growth rate. The fatigue crack growth mechanism during the constant striation spacing region has been discussed in detail.
The risk of individual fish being captured multiple times in a catch and release fishery
Authors: Thorstad Eva B. , Diserud Ola H. , Solem Øyvind , Havn Torgeir B. , Bjørum Lars Oftedal , Kristensen Torstein , Urke Henning Andre , Johansen Martin R. , Lennox Robert J. , Fiske Peder , Uglem Ingebrigt 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe proportion of angled Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. being caught and released has increased. If individuals are repeatedly captured, this may have fish welfare consequences. Of 995 Atlantic salmon tagged during catch and release in eight Norwegian rivers, 10% were captured twice, while 3% were captured three times within the same fishing season. The probability that released salmon were captured again decreased with decreasing time left of the fishing season, decreased for larger‐sized fish and varied among rivers/years. Increased exploitation rates within the river, indicating an increased fishing pressure, strongly increased the probability that fish would be recaptured. However, the proportion of salmon caught a second time was much lower than the total exploitation rates in the same rivers (which was on average 46%). For fish tagged in the sea, the likelihood of being angled decreased with time since entering the river, which may explain why the recapture rates of caught and released fish were lower than the total exploitation rates.
Early generation hybrids may drive range expansion of two invasive fishes
Authors: Coulter Alison A. , Brey Marybeth K. , Lamer James T. , Whitledge Gregory W. , Garvey James E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntrogressive hybridisation between two invasive species has the potential to contribute to their invasion success and provide genetic resiliency to rapidly adapt to new environments. Additionally, differences in the behaviour of hybrids may lead to deleterious ecosystem effects that compound any negative impacts of the invading parental species.Invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) provide an opportunity to evaluate how hybridisation may influence the behaviour, dispersal, and spread of an invasive species introgressive complex. In order to investigate the role hybrids may have in the invasion ecology of bigheaded carps, we examined the distribution, movements, and environmental cues for movement of two invasive fishes and their hybrids in the Illinois River (U.S.A.).Early generation hybrids (e.g. F1,F2, and first‐generation backcross individuals) composed a greater proportion of the population at the invasion front where abundances of bigheaded carp were low. A greater proportion of early hybrids passed through dams upstream towards the invasion front than did other hybrids and parental species.The movements and environmental cues for movement of late‐generation backcrosses (more genetically similar to parental genotype) were not different from the parental species with which they shared the most alleles. Although the direction of the relationship between movement and environment was sometimes different for the parental species and associated advanced generation hybrids, these results indicate that management for parental species will also affect most hybrids.Although early generation hybrids are rare, our results indicate they may disperse towards low‐density population zones (i.e. invasion fronts) or are produced at greater frequency in low‐density areas. These rare hybrids have the potential to produce a variety of unique genetic combinations that could result in more rapid adaptation of a non‐native population to their invaded range potentially facilitating the establishment of invasive species.
Soil carbon increased by twice the amount of biochar carbon applied after 6 years: Field evidence of negative priming
Authors: Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Laird David A. , Heaton Emily A. , Rathke Samuel , Acharya Bharat Sharma 
Published: December 2019

AbstractApplying biochar to agricultural soils has been proposed as a means of sequestering carbon (C) while simultaneously enhancing soil health and agricultural sustainability. However, our understanding of the long‐term effects of biochar and annual versus perennial cropping systems and their interactions on soil properties under field conditions is limited. We quantified changes in soil C concentration and stocks, and other soil properties 6 years after biochar applications to corn (Zea mays L.) and dedicated bioenergy crops on a Midwestern US soil. Treatments were as follows: no‐till continuous corn, Liberty switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and low‐diversity prairie grasses, 45% big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), 45% Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), and 10% sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), as main plots, and wood biochar (9.3 Mg/ha with 63% total C) and no biochar applications as subplots. Biochar‐amended plots accumulated more C (14.07 Mg soil C/ha vs. 2.25 Mg soil C/ha) than non‐biochar‐amended plots in the 0–30 cm soil depth but other soil properties were not significantly affected by the biochar amendments. The total increase in C stocks in the biochar‐amended plots was nearly twice (14.07 Mg soil C/ha) the amount of C added with biochar 6 years earlier (7.25 Mg biochar C/ha), suggesting a negative priming effect of biochar on formation and/or mineralization of native soil organic C. Dedicated bioenergy crops increased soil C concentration by 79% and improved both aggregation and plant available water in the 0–5 cm soil depth. Biochar did not interact with the cropping systems. Overall, biochar has the potential to increase soil C stocks both directly and through negative priming, but, in this study, it had limited effects on other soil properties after 6 years.
Measuring the impact of changing from standard half‐life (SHL) to extended half‐life (EHL) FVIII prophylaxis on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in boys with moderate/severe haemophilia A: Lessons learned with the CHO‐KLAT tool
Authors: Carcao Manuel , Zunino Laura , Young Nancy L. , Dover Saunya , Bouskill Vanessa , Hilliard Pamela , Price Victoria E. , Blanchette Victor S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn many countries, there is a shift from standard half‐life (SHL) to extended half‐life (EHL) clotting factor concentrates (CFCs).AimTo describe the experience of switching from SHL to an EHL FVIII CFC and the impact of this on frequency of infusions, factor consumption, bleeding rates and HRQoL using the Canadian Hemophilia Kids’ Life Assessment Tool (CHO‐KLAT).MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted at a single haemophilia treatment centre in 2018 that included boys (ages: 4‐18 years) with moderate/severe haemophilia A, without inhibitors, who switched from a SHL to an EHL FVIII CFC in the previous 2 years and for whom HRQoL data were available.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 38 boys [mean (SD) age: 11.0 (3.4) years] with moderate (n = 5)/severe (n = 33) haemophilia A. The switch was associated with a 33% reduction in the number of weekly infusions from a median of 3.5 to 2.3 (P < .0001) and a 17% reduction in median FVIII consumption from 103 IU/kg/wk to 85.5 IU/kg/wk (P = .004). There was no significant change in annualized joint bleed rates or in CHO‐KLAT scores.ConclusionsDespite documenting several benefits of switching to EHL FVIII (less infusions, lower factor consumption with no increase in bleeding), our study did not demonstrate any improvement in HRQoL. We conclude that either the current CHO‐KLAT tool is not optimized to measure burden of treatment administration in boys with low bleed rates switching from SHL to EHL FVIII CFCs or that a reduction of 1.2 infusions/week does not result in a meaningful change in HRQoL.
HIV‐1 genotype is independently associated with immunodeficiency progression among Chinese men who have sex with men: an observational cohort study
Authors: Liang Y , Han Z , Shui J , Cheng W , Zhong F , Cai Q , Wang H , Wu H , Xu H , Tang S 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesHIV‐1 genetic diversity is increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China, but the association of HIV‐1 genotype with disease progression remains to be elucidated.MethodsWe collected data in an observational longitudinal cohort study of 860 HIV‐1‐infected MSM in Guangzhou, China between January 2008 and March 2017. Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard model were used to predict the time from HIV‐1 diagnosis to immunodeficiency progression (CD4 cell count < 200 cells/μl) as well as adjusted hazard ratio (aHR).ResultsCRF01_AE and HIV‐1 subtype B infection were associated with higher percentage of patients progressed to immunodeficiency and higher incidence of immunodeficiency than infection with CRF07_BC or CRF55_01B. Compared with CRF07_BC, the time from HIV‐1 diagnosis to immunodeficiency were different among the major HIV‐1 genotypes, which ranked as follows, in descending order: CRF07_BC (7.03 years) > CRF55_01B (5.71 years, P = 0.014; aHR 3.752, P = 0.0923) > CRF01_AE (5.18 years, P < 0.001; aHR 4.733, P = 0.0152). HIV‐1 genotype, viral load and baseline CD4 T‐cell count were three independent variables associated with disease progression.ConclusionsOur results confirm differential rates of immunodeficiency progression as a function of HIV‐1 genotype. The impact of HIV‐1 genotype on HIV epidemics, patient management and prevention should be further investigated.
Consumer debt attitudes: The role of gender, debt knowledge and skills
Authors: Białowolski Piotr , Cwynar Andrzej , Cwynar Wiktor , Węziak‐Białowolska Dorota 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe link between financial attitudes and consumer financial market behaviour is well documented. However, little is known about the role of financial knowledge and skills—the main components of the financial literacy construct—in shaping debt attitudes. This link is especially absent from the gender perspective. This study focuses on consumer debt literacy and debt attitudes. A representative sample of adult Poles (N = 1,004) was participated in a computer‐assisted telephone interview. Latent class analysis was employed to reveal their debt attitudes, and subsequently, links between debt literacy and debt attitudes were studied with multinomial regression models. The results show that respondents in Poland can be grouped into five classes exhibiting different attitude profiles. The structure of debt attitudes is complex and differs from a simple unidimensional pro‐debt/ anti‐debt construct. Although this study did not find significant gender differences either in the conceptualization of debt attitudes or in their drivers, the results showed that in all but one class, consumer attitudes are strongly linked to either debt knowledge or debt skills or to both. Debt skills were revealed to be a particularly strong predictor of consumer debt attitudes.
Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of the implementation of the transitional discharge model for community integration of psychiatric clients
Authors: Forchuk Cheryl , Martin Mary‐Lou , Sherman Deborrah , Corring Deborah , Srivastava Rani , O'Regan Tony , Gyamfi Sebastian , Harerimana Boniface 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearch has demonstrated the benefits of mental healthcare interventions that ensure a safe transition of clients throughout the discharge and community integration process. This paper reports on qualitative data from focus groups with health professionals collected as part of a larger a mixed method study designed to examine the effectiveness and sustainability of implementing the transitional discharge model. Data collection involved two sets of focus groups, which were held at six months and one‐year post‐implementation. There were 216 health professional participants from nine (9) hospitals across the Province of Ontario, Canada. Data analysis used a four‐step ethnographic framework by Leininger (1985) to identify descriptors and recurrent and major themes. The study identified four major themes, including healthcare professionals’ roles and positive experiences in implementing the transitional discharge model; perceived benefits of the model; challenges to implementing the model; and suggestions for sustaining the model's implementation. Healthcare professionals felt that the implementation of the transitional discharge model has the potential for increasing their awareness of the process of clients’ integration, serving as a framework for discharge planning, and reducing hospital readmissions. The study findings may provide healthcare providers with information on pragmatic ways to plan clients’ discharge, to bridge the gap between hospital and community care, and to positively impact client health outcomes.