bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Reduction Rules for the Tree Bisection and Reconnection Distance
Authors: Kelk Steven , Linz Simone 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecently it was shown that, if the subtree and chain reduction rules have been applied exhaustively to two unrooted phylogenetic trees, the reduced trees will have at most$$15k-9$$15k-9taxa wherekis the TBR (Tree Bisection and Reconnection) distance between the two trees, and that this bound is tight. Here, we propose five new reduction rules and show that these further reduce the bound to$$11k-9$$11k-9. The new rules combine the “unrooted generator” approach introduced in Kelk and Linz (SIAM J Discrete Math 33(3):1556–1574, 2019) with a careful analysis of agreement forests to identify (i) situations when chains of length 3 can be further shortened without reducing the TBR distance, and (ii) situations when small subtrees can be identified whose deletion is guaranteed to reduce the TBR distance by 1. To the best of our knowledge these are the first reduction rules that strictly enhance the reductive power of the subtree and chain reduction rules.
Excessive body weight of children and adolescents in the spotlight of their parents’ overweight and obesity, physical activity, and screen time
Authors: Sigmund Erik , Sigmundová Dagmar , Badura Petr 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The main aim of this study was to bridge the research gap in the countries of Central Europe using the family dyad approach to examine the associations of parents’ overweight/obesity, physical activity (PA), and screen time (ST) with excessive body weight in their offspring.

Methods
The cross-sectional study included 1101 parent–child dyads (648/453 mother/father–child aged 4–16) selected by two-stage stratified random sampling with complete data on body weight categories, weekly PA (Yamax pedometer), ST (family logbook) collected over a regular school/working week during the spring and autumn seasons between 2013 and 2019. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify which of parents’ lifestyle indicators were associated with the overweight/obesity of their offspring.

Results
The mother’s overweight/obesity significantly increases her children’s odds of overweight/obesity. Concerning fathers, active participation in organized leisure-time PA and reaching 10,000 steps per day significantly reduce the odds of overweight/obesity in their children and adolescent offspring.

Conclusions
The cumulative effect of parental participation in organized leisure-time PA with their own family-related PA can be a natural means of preventing the development of overweight/obesity in their offspring.
The influence of eddy currents on the excitation winding impedance of solid and laminated salient pole synchronous machines
Authors: Felicetti Roberto , Abrahamsson Curt Johan David , Lundin Urban 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work investigates the establishment of steady-state eddy currents in solid and laminated salient poles and rotor rim of synchronous machines due to a periodic excitation voltage. It shows that the presence of eddy currents in the rotor magnetic circuit has the double effect of increasing the excitation winding AC-resistance and decreasing its magnetizing AC-inductance. According to that a simple analytical model is presented in here which allows a rapid rough estimation of the excitation winding AC-resistance when little information is available about the machine geometry and its electric/magnetic materials properties. The model is then verified by reproducing in frequency the excitation winding AC-resistance and the related power loss measured in two synchronous generators. Finally, the limits of reliability and applicability of the model are discussed. The model has implications for periodic field winding current control and voltage regulation in synchronous machines.
Convergence of measures on compactifications of locally symmetric spaces
Authors: Daw Christopher , Gorodnik Alexander , Ullmo Emmanuel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe conjecture that the set of homogeneous probability measures on the maximal Satake compactification of an arithmetic locally symmetric space $$S=\Gamma \backslash G/K$$

S
=
Γ
\
G
/
K

is compact. More precisely, given a sequence of homogeneous probability measures on S, we expect that any weak limit is homogeneous with support contained in precisely one of the boundary components (including S itself). We introduce several tools to study this conjecture and we prove it in a number of cases, including when $$G={\mathbf{SL}}_3({{\mathbb {R}}})$$

G
=

SL
3

(
R
)

and $$\Gamma ={\mathbf{SL}}_3({{\mathbb {Z}}})$$

Γ
=

SL
3

(
Z
)

.
Rigging the nose: a pilot study using barbed sutures in patients with deviated nose
Authors: Goffart Yves L. J. , Remacle Sarah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundA deviated nose is a very common developmental feature in Caucasian populations and represents a frequent indication for rhinoplasty, either functional or esthetic. We aim to assess the pattern of nasal axis stabilization after rhinoplasty in the deviated nose on the basis of anthropometric measurements: median face axis (MFA), interpupillary meridian axis (IMA), and scoliosis angle (SA); to study possible effects of rigging the nose in the midfacial soft tissues using absorbable soft sutures; to investigate possible side effects.MethodsSeventy patients with a non-traumatic deviated nose (n= 50 as control group,n= 20 as treated group with placement of barbed suture in the midfacial soft tissues) underwent rhinoplasty procedures. We retrospectively examined the pattern of deviation recurrence over time in a consecutive series of 70 non-traumatic patients undergoing primary esthetic or functional rhinoplasty (n= 50 as control group,n= 20 as treated group with placement of barbed suture in the midfacial soft tissues). Patients were followed up at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year postoperatively.ResultsNinety-three percent (65/70) of the patients had an asymmetric face after comparing the two anthropometric angles MFA and IMA. Overcorrection of NA at one week postoperatively was observed in 1.25% and 35.7% of patients in the control and treated groups, respectively (p= 0.006). MFA shifted from 4.16° ± 3.1° preoperatively to 1.2° ± 1.4° at 1 week, 1.0° ± 1.1° at 2 weeks, 1.1° ± 1.4° at 1 month, 1.1° ± 1.5° at 3 months, and 1.7° ± 2° at 1 year in the control group. In the treated group, MFA shifted from 5.7° ± 2.9 preoperatively to − 0.34° ± 2.9° at 1 week, 1.0° ± 1.1° at 2 weeks, 0.59° ± 0.96° at 1 month, 1.22° ± 0.83° at 3 months, and 1.63° ± 0.8° at 1 year. Differences between the groups were significant at 1 week (p= 0.02), but differences were not significant at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates that the progressive re-deviation pattern is altered during the first weeks after surgery in the barbed sutures group. Absorbable barbed sutures in facial soft tissues are well tolerated. Longer lasting sutures may help to obtain definite advantage.Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.
Laparoscopic liver resection: indications, limitations, and economic aspects
Authors: Schmelzle Moritz , Krenzien Felix , Schöning Wenzel , Pratschke Johann 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Minimally invasive techniques have increasingly found their way into liver surgery in recent years. A multitude of mostly retrospective analyses suggests several advantages of laparoscopic over open liver surgery. Due to the speed and variety of simultaneous technical and strategic developments, it is difficult to maintain an overview of the current status and perspectives in laparoscopic liver surgery.

Purpose
This review highlights up-to-date aspects in laparoscopic liver surgery. We discuss established indications with regard to their development over time as well as continuing limitations of applied techniques. We give an assessment based on the current literature and according to our own center experiences, not least with regard to a highly topical cost discussion.

Conclusions
While in the beginning mainly benign tumors were laparoscopically operated on, liver metastasis and hepatocellular carcinoma are now among the most frequent indications. Technical limitations remain and should be evaluated with the overall aim not to endanger quality standards in open surgery. Financial aspects cannot be neglected with the necessity of cost-covering reimbursement.
Cardiovascular complications after common bile duct stone extractions
Authors: Syrén Eva-Lena , Enochsson Lars , Eriksson Staffan , Eklund Arne , Isaksson Bengt , Sandblom Gabriel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Common bile duct stone (CBDS) is a common condition the rate of which increases with age. Decision to treat in particular elderly and frail patients with CBDS is often complex and requires careful assessment of the risk for treatment-related cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of postoperative cardiovascular events in CBDS patients treated with the following: ERCP only; cholecystectomy only; cholecystectomy followed by delayed ERCP; cholecystectomy together with ERCP; or ERCP followed by delayed cholecystectomy.

Methods
The study was based on data from procedures for gallstone disease registered in the Swedish National Quality Register for Cholecystectomy and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (GallRiks) 2006–2014. ERCP and cholecystectomy procedures performed for confirmed or suspected CBDS were included. Postoperative events were registered by cross-matching GallRiks with the National Patient Register (NPR). A postoperative cardiovascular event was defined as an ICD-code in the discharge notes indicating myocardial infarct, pulmonary embolism or cerebrovascular disease within 30 days after surgery. In cases where a patient had undergone ERCP and cholecystectomy on separate occasions, the 30-day interval was timed from the first intervention.

Results
A total of 23,591 underwent ERCP or cholecystectomy for CBDS during the study period. A postoperative cardiovascular event was registered in 164 patients and death within 30 days in 225 patients. In univariable analysis, adverse cardiovascular event and death within 30 days were more frequent in patients who underwent primary ERCP (p < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, adjusting for history of cardiovascular disease or events, neither risk for cardiovascular complication nor death within 30 days remained statistically significant in the ERCP group.

Conclusions
Primary ERCP as well as cholecystectomy may be performed for CBDS with acceptable safety. More studies are required to provide reliable guidelines for the management of CBDS.
The effect of keratinized mucosa on the severity of peri-implant mucositis differs between periodontally healthy subjects and the general population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kabir Laila , Stiesch Meike , Grischke Jasmin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to investigate the effect of reduced keratinized mucosa (KM) and other risk indicators on the severity of peri-implant mucositis in (i) the general population, (ii) in periodontally healthy patients, and (iii) in periodontally healthy patients without a history of periodontitis.Materials and methodsAnamnesis and the following clinical parameters were taken: mucosal-index, bleeding on probing, local plaque index, oral hygiene-index, and width of KM. Mucositis severity score was determined for each implant. Multi-level and subgroup analysis was performed on the patient and implant level.ResultsSix hundred twelve implants in 130 patients were analyzed. Subgroup analysis showed significant associations between KM < 2 mm and the severity score in (ii) periodontally healthy patients (p = 0.014) and in (iii) patients without history of periodontitis (p = 0.017). Secondary outcome showed higher severity scores for patients with insufficient oral hygiene or without residual teeth (p ≤ 0.001), in maxillary implants (p = 0.04), and for the number of implants per patient (p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionWithin the limits of the study, one may conclude that a reduced width of KM is a risk indicator for the severity of peri-implant mucositis in periodontally healthy patients and patients without a history of periodontitis.Clinical relevanceThe results indicate a band of ≥ 2 mm KM to reduce the severity of peri-implant mucositis in periodontally healthy patients.
Effect of food hardness on chewing behavior in children
Authors: Almotairy Nabeel , Kumar Abhishek , Grigoriadis Anastasios 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the effects of food hardness on chewing behavior in children compared with adults.

Materials and methods
Healthy children (3–17 years) were equally divided into five groups based on their dental eruption stages. Each participant ate soft and hard viscoelastic test food models (3 each), while the three-dimensional jaw movements and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the bilateral masseter muscles were recorded. The data from the children were compared with a control group of healthy adults (18–35 years). The data were analyzed with nonparametric tests.

Results
There was no significant difference in the number of chewing cycles and the duration of the chewing sequence between children groups and adults. Children with primary dentition (3–5 years) showed shorter lateral jaw movement and higher muscle activity at the end of the chewing sequence, compared with adults. Further, children’s age-groups (3–14 years) failed to adapt their jaw muscle activity to food hardness. However, at the late-permanent dentition stage (15–17 years), children were capable of performing adult-like chewing behavior.

Conclusions
Overall, it seems that children as young as 3-year-old are quite competent in performing basic chewing function similar to adults. Yet, there are differences in the anticipation or adaption of jaw muscle activity and jaw kinematics to food hardness.

Clinical relevance
The study may have clinical implication in the diagnosis and management of children with chewing impairment associated with dental malocclusions and other orofacial dysfunctions.
Mixed-semantics composition of statecharts for the component-based design of reactive systems
Authors: Graics Bence , Molnár Vince , Vörös András , Majzik István , Varró Dániel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe increasing complexity of reactive systems can be mitigated with the use of components and composition languages in model-driven engineering. Designing composition languages is a challenge itself as both practical applicability (support for different composition approaches in various application domains), and precise formal semantics (support for verification and code generation) have to be taken into account. In our Gamma Statechart Composition Framework, we designed and implemented a composition language for the synchronous, cascade synchronous and asynchronous composition of statechart-based reactive components. We formalized the semantics of this composition language that provides the basis for generating composition-related Java source code as well as mapping the composite system to a back-end model checker for formal verification and model-based test case generation. In this paper, we present the composition language with its formal semantics, putting special emphasis on design decisions related to the language and their effects on verifiability and applicability. Furthermore, we demonstrate the design and verification functionality of the composition framework by presenting case studies from the cyber-physical system domain.
Successful implementation of self-management health innovations
Authors: van Beest Wilke , Boon Wouter P. C. , Andriessen Daan , Moors Ellen H. M. , van der Veen Gerrita , Pol Harald 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Literature on self-management innovations has studied their characteristics and position in healthcare systems. However, less attention has been paid to factors that contribute to successful implementation. This paper aims to answer the question: which factors play a role in a successful implementation of self-management health innovations?

Methods
We conducted a narrative review of academic literature to explore factors related to successful implementation of self-management health innovations. We further investigated the factors in a qualitative multiple case study to analyse their role in implementation success. Data were collected from nine self-management health projects in the Netherlands.

Results
Nine factors were found in the literature that foster the implementation of self-management health innovations: 1) involvement of end-users, 2) involvement of local and business partners, 3) involvement of stakeholders within the larger system, 4) tailoring of the innovation, 5) utilisation of multiple disciplines, 6) feedback on effectiveness, 7) availability of a feasible business model, 8) adaption to organisational changes, and 9) anticipation of changes required in the healthcare system. In the case studies, on average six of these factors could be identified. Three projects achieved a successful implementation of a self-management health innovation, but only in one case were all factors present.

Conclusions
For successful implementation of self-management health innovation projects, the factors identified in the literature are neither necessary nor sufficient. Therefore, it might be insightful to study how successful implementation works instead of solely focusing on the factors that could be helpful in this process.
Addressing the implementation challenge of the global biodiversity framework
Authors: Phang Sui C. , Failler Pierre , Bridgewater Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) is under discussion for the period 2021–2030, which will replace the “Aichi Targets” adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2010. Given the limited success in meeting most of the Aichi Targets, this new framework must adopt a different approach. A key challenge the GBF must address is its implementation at national scales. Four ways this implementation challenge can be addressed include:

The framework must move away from numerical targets to pursue positive trends in biodiversity, through adopting a “vectors of change” approach;

The framework should be structured to focus on ecosystems and processes;

The framework should synergise more extensively with existing biodiversity-relevant global agreements to maximise leverage and reduce overlap of resource use;

The framework must adopt a much stronger theory of change than is in the current GBF Draft, to serve as the roadmap governments can use in upscaling their implementation of biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and benefit sharing.

Finally, the GBF must become a “learning framework”, committed to facilitating and enabling governments to each meet their specific biodiversity challenges, while sharing back experiences with the global community, leading ultimately to realising the 2050 CBD vision of people living in harmony with nature.
“Their Markers as they Go”: Modified Trees as Waypoints in the Dena’ina Cultural Landscape, Alaska
Authors: Deur Douglas , Evanoff Karen , Hebert Jamie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Inland Dena’ina, an Athabaskan people of south-central Alaska, produce and value Culturally Modified Trees (CMTs) in myriad ways. Ethnographic interviews and field visits conducted with Inland Dena’ina residents of the village of Nondalton, Alaska, reveal the centrality of CMTs in the creation and valuation of an Indigenous cultural landscape. CMTs serve as waypoints along trails, as Dena’ina people travel across vast distances to hunt wide-ranging caribou herds and fish salmon ascending rivers from Bristol Bay. CMTs also provide bark and sap used in Dena’ina material culture and medicines, leaving signature marks upon the spruce, birch, and other trees found in the sprawling taiga forest of the region. Dena’ina travelers value these markers as gifts from their elders and ancestors, helping modern-day people to orient themselves geographically, culturally, and spiritually. Today, with industrial-scale resource extraction proposed for Dena’ina traditional lands, including extensive open-pit mines, there is new urgency in demonstrating the geographical presence and extent of potentially affected Dena’ina people. CMTs have been overlooked in existing literatures in spite of their ubiquity and their cultural importance. Our research draws from the first-hand accounts of Dena’ina elders and survey across the landscapes of the Lake Clark core of the Dena’ina homeland.
Content validity of the ASQoL for use in a non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis population: a qualitative study
Authors: Hwang Mark C. , Martin Mona , Harris Kristina , Geerdts Philip , Stark Jeffrey L. , Reveille John 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The ankylosing spondylitis quality of life (ASQoL) instrument is widely used to assess health-related quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We assessed the relevance of the ASQoL items in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA), a distinct subgroup within the axSpA disease spectrum.

Methods
This observational, cross-sectional, qualitative interview study recruited patients from clinic settings. Interviews from patients with axSpA who participated in a prior qualitative study were also used. Patients initially underwent a concept elicitation interview using open-ended questions to evaluate relevance of the concepts measured by the ASQoL. They then completed the ASQoL and underwent a cognitive interview to assess their understanding of the items, instructions and response options. Transcripts from patients who participated in the previous qualitative study (who did not complete the ASQoL or undergo cognitive interview) were evaluated to identify expressions of the concepts in the ASQoL.

Results
A total of 18 patients with nr-axSpA participated. The concept elicitation interview findings supported the relevance of the ASQoL items. Cognitive interviews determined that the ASQoL was easily understood; the 13 new patients chose a response for each item that matched their experience with nr-axSpA. Transcripts for the five previously interviewed patients confirmed the concepts presented in the ASQoL items were relevant and important to their experience of living with nr-axSpA.

Conclusions
Our results represent an important first step in confirming the relevance of the concepts in the ASQoL to patients with nr-axSpA, supporting quantitative assessment of ASQoL validity in this population.
Role of Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites in sulfonated Zr-MCM-41 for the catalytic reaction of cellulose into 5-hydroxymethyl furfural
Authors: Pham Son Tung , Nguyen Ba Manh , Le Giang H. , Sapi Andras , Mutyala Suresh , Szenti Imre , Konya Zoltan , Vu Tuan A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of sulfonated Zr-MCM-41 samples were synthesized by the in-situ method followed by sulfonation using sulfuric acid for the catalytic study of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in batch condition. All synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, FT-IR, TEM, EDX, and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption analysis. The XRD and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm results have confirmed that incorporated Zr4+ was substituted within the framework of silica MCM-41 with hexagonal pores. Similarly, the FT-IR and EDX results have proved that Zr-MCM-41 was sulfonated. The Brønsted acidic and Lewis acidic sites were identified by NH3-TPD analysis. Among the sulfonated Zr-MCM-41 catalysts, S-15Zr-MCM-41 has shown 70% cellulose conversion with 16.4% selectivity of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural at 170 °C for 2 h which was higher than other catalysts. It was attributed to the high ratio of Brønsted acidic to Lewis acidic sites.
Graphic abstract