bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintaining human milk bank services throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic: A global response
Authors: Shenker Natalie , Staff Marta , Vickers Amy , Aprigio Joao , Tiwari Satish , Nangia Sushma , Sachdeva Ruchika Chugh , Clifford Vanessa , Coutsoudis Anna , Reimers Penny , Israel‐Ballard Kiersten , Mansen Kimberly , Mileusnic‐Milenovic Radmila , Wesolowska Aleksandra , Goudoever Johannes B. van , Hosseini Mohammadbagher , Klotz Daniel , Grøvslien Anne Hagen , Weaver Gillian ,   Virtual Collaborative Network of Milk Banks and Associations
Published: January 2021

AbstractIf maternal milk is unavailable, the World Health Organization recommends that the first alternative should be pasteurised donor human milk (DHM). Human milk banks (HMBs) screen and recruit milk donors, and DHM principally feeds very low birth weight babies, reducing the risk of complications and supporting maternal breastfeeding where used alongside optimal lactation support. The COVID‐19 pandemic has presented a range of challenges to HMBs worldwide. This study aimed to understand the impacts of the pandemic on HMB services and develop initial guidance regarding risk limitation. A Virtual Collaborative Network (VCN) comprising over 80 HMB leaders from 36 countries was formed in March 2020 and included academics and nongovernmental organisations. Individual milk banks, national networks and regional associations submitted data regarding the number of HMBs, volume of DHM produced and number of recipients in each global region. Estimates were calculated in the context of missing or incomplete data. Through open‐ended questioning, the experiences of milk banks from each country in the first 2 months of the pandemic were collected and major themes identified. According to data collected from 446 individual HMBs, more than 800,000 infants receive DHM worldwide each year. Seven pandemic‐related specific vulnerabilities to service provision were identified, including sufficient donors, prescreening disruption, DHM availability, logistics, communication, safe handling and contingency planning, which were highly context‐dependent. The VCN now plans a formal consensus approach to the optimal response of HMBs to new pathogens using crowdsourced data, enabling the benchmarking of future strategies to support DHM access and neonatal health in future emergencies.
Pigmented purpuric dermatosis in an infant
Authors: Martos‐Cabrera Luisa , López‐Balboa Pablo , Ramírez‐Lluch Mar , Colmenero Isabel , Mateos‐Mayo Ana , Torrelo Antonio , Hernández‐Martin Ángela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPDs) are a group of idiopathic, chronic, and self‐resolving conditions easily recognizable in adults but extremely uncommon in infants. We present the youngest patient with PPD reported to date.
Evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic activities of 5‐aminolevulinic acid derivatives
Authors: Sajjad Faiza , Sun Ning‐Ning , Chen Ting , Yan Yi‐Jia , Margetić Davor , Chen Zhi‐Long 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic resistance is increasing day by day, thereby increase the chances of more infections by resistant bacteria. In this situation, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is gaining more attraction.ObjectiveTo evaluate the antimicrobial effect of ALA derivatives using photodynamic therapy.Materials and methodsIn this study, we evaluated the aPDT effect of different derivatives of 5‐ALA. In vivo and in vitro studies were performed to measure the antimicrobial activity. Different light doses and different concentrations of drugs were used to test anti‐bacterial effect of drugs as well as to detect any physiological changes in animal model after the treatment.ResultsIn vivo studies revealed that ALA‐methyl ester, ALA‐hexyl ester, and ALA‐13A are potent photosensitizers. In vitro studies involved wound healing rate, body weight, and dietary intake were evaluated, and results showed that ALA, ALA‐methyl ester, ALA‐hexyl ester, and ALA‐13A had good anti‐bacterial effects, fast healing rate, and no effect on other physical parameters.ConclusionPhotodynamic therapy is increasingly used to treat different types of skin infections caused by bacterial strains. Our studies revealed that ALA‐methyl ester, ALA‐hexyl ester, and ALA‐13A are promising photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy to inhibit the growth of resistant bacterial strains.
High‐frequency (22‐MHz) ultrasound for assessing the depth of basal cell carcinoma invasion
Authors: Barcaui Elisa de Oliveira , Carvalho Antonio Carlos Pires , Valiante Paulo Marcos , Piñeiro‐Maceira Juan , Barcaui Carlos Baptista 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) has been studied in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The accuracy of this method for location of deep margins remains unknown. This study evaluates HFUS for localization of deep surgical margins in BCC.Materials and MethodsUltrasound images of 83 lesions from 67 patients with clinical and dermoscopic diagnosis of BCC were compared with histopathological findings. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between thickness as measured by HFUS and histopathology.ResultsA strong correlation between HFUS and histopathological measurements was identified (r = 0.9744, P < .001). HFUS had sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 84%, and accuracy of 91% for measurement of deep tumor margins. Factors affecting tumor measurement on HFUS include marked basophilic degeneration of collagen, presence of peritumoral hypertrophic glands or hair follicles, fibrosis, and dense inflammatory changes related to the tumor itself or to prior procedures.ConclusionHigh‐frequency ultrasound was effective in localizing deep tumor margins in BCC. Therefore, we believe that this diagnostic imaging method is important when selecting a therapeutic approach, considering Mohs micrographic surgery, and evaluating the surgical site.
Steroid-refractory PD-(L)1 pneumonitis: incidence, clinical features, treatment, and outcomes
Authors: Balaji Aanika , Hsu Melinda , Lin Cheng Ting , Feliciano Josephine , Marrone Kristen , Brahmer Julie R , Forde Patrick M , Hann Christine , Zheng Lei , Lee Valerie , Illei Peter B , Danoff Sonye K , Suresh Karthik , Naidoo Jarushka 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundImmune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-pneumonitis that does not improve or resolve with corticosteroids and requires additional immunosuppression is termed steroid-refractory ICI-pneumonitis. Herein, we report the clinical features, management and outcomes for patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), infliximab, or the combination of IVIG and infliximab for steroid-refractory ICI-pneumonitis.MethodsPatients with steroid-refractory ICI-pneumonitis were identified between January 2011 and January 2020 at a tertiary academic center. ICI-pneumonitis was defined as clinical or radiographic lung inflammation without an alternative diagnosis, confirmed by a multidisciplinary team. Steroid-refractory ICI-pneumonitis was defined as lack of clinical improvement after high-dose corticosteroids for 48 hours, necessitating additional immunosuppression. Serial clinical, radiologic (CT imaging), and functional features (level-of-care, oxygen requirement) were collected preadditional and postadditional immunosuppression.ResultsOf 65 patients with ICI-pneumonitis, 18.5% (12/65) had steroid-refractory ICI-pneumonitis. Mean age at diagnosis of ICI-pneumonitis was 66.8 years (range: 35–85), 50% patients were male, and the majority had lung carcinoma (75%). Steroid-refractory ICI-pneumonitis occurred after a mean of 5 ICI doses from PD-(L)1 start (range: 3–12 doses). The most common radiologic pattern was diffuse alveolar damage (DAD: 50%, 6/12). After corticosteroid failure, patients were treated with: IVIG (n=7), infliximab (n=2), or combination IVIG and infliximab (n=3); 11/12 (91.7%) required ICU-level care and 8/12 (75%) died of steroid-refractory ICI-pneumonitis or infectious complications (IVIG alone=3/7, 42.9%; infliximab alone=2/2, 100%; IVIG + infliximab=3/3, 100%). All five patients treated with infliximab (5/5; 100%) died from steroid-refractory ICI-pneumonitis or infectious complications. Mechanical ventilation was required in 53% of patients treated with infliximab alone, 80% of those treated with IVIG + infliximab, and 25.5% of those treated with IVIG alone.ConclusionsSteroid-refractory ICI-pneumonitis constituted 18.5% of referrals for multidisciplinary irAE care. Steroid-refractory ICI-pnuemonitis occurred early in patients’ treatment courses, and most commonly exhibited a DAD radiographic pattern. Patients treated with IVIG alone demonstrated an improvement in both level-of-care and oxygenation requirements and had fewer fatalities (43%) from steroid-refractory ICI-pneumonitis when compared to treatment with infliximab (100% mortality).
Integrated Molecular Characterization of Fumarate Hydratase–deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Guangxi , Zhang Xingming , Liang Jiayu , Pan Xiuyi , Zhu Sha , Liu Zhenhua , Armstrong Cameron M. , Chen Jianhui , Lin Wei , Liao Banghua , Lin Tianhai , Huang Rui , Zhang Mengni , Zheng Linmao , Yin Xiaoxue , Nie Ling , Shen Pengfei , Zhao Jinge , Zhang Haoran , Dai Jindong , Shen Yali , Li Zhiping , Liu Jiyan , Chen Junru , Liu Jiandong , Wang Zhipeng , Zhu Xudong , Ni Yuchao , Qin Dan , Yang Ling , Chen Yuntian , Wei Qiang , Li Xiang , Zhou Qiao , Huang Haojie , Yao Jin , Chen Ni , Zeng Hao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurpose:Fumarate hydratase–deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-deficient RCC) is a rare but lethal subtype of RCC. Little is known about the genomic profile of FH-deficient RCC, and the therapeutic options for advanced disease are limited. To this end, we performed a comprehensive genomics study to characterize the genomic and epigenomic features of FH-deficient RCC.Experimental Design:Integrated genomic, epigenomic, and molecular analyses were performed on 25 untreated primary FH-deficient RCCs. Complete clinicopathologic and follow-up data of these patients were recorded.Results:We identified that FH-deficient RCC manifested low somatic mutation burden (median 0.58 mutations per megabase), but with frequent somatic copy-number alterations. The majority of FH-deficient RCCs were characterized by a CpG sites island methylator phenotype, displaying concerted hypermethylation at numerous CpG sites in genes of transcription factors, tumor suppressors, and tumor hallmark pathways. However, a few cases (20%) with low metastatic potential showed relatively low DNA methylation levels, indicating the heterogeneity of methylation pattern in FH-deficient RCC. Moreover, FH-deficient RCC is potentially highly immunogenic, characterized by increased tumor T-cell infiltration but high expression of immune checkpoint molecules in tumors. Clinical data further demonstrated that patients receiving immune checkpoint blockade–based treatment achieved improved progression-free survival over those treated with antiangiogenic monotherapy (median, 13.3 vs. 5.1 months; P = 0.03).Conclusions:These results reveal the genomic features and provide new insight into potential therapeutic strategies for FH-deficient RCC.
Short P‐Wave Duration is a Marker of Higher Rate of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrences after Pulmonary Vein Isolation: New Insights into the Pathophysiological Mechanisms Through Computer Simulations
Authors: Auricchio Angelo , Özkartal Tardu , Salghetti Francesca , Neumann Laura , Pezzuto Simone , Gharaviri Ali , Demarchi Andrea , Caputo Maria Luce , Regoli François , De Asmundis Carlo , Chierchia Gian‐Battista , Brugada Pedro , Klersy Catherine , Moccetti Tiziano , Schotten Ulrich , Conte Giulio 
Published: January 2021

Background
Short ECG P‐wave duration has recently been demonstrated to be associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to assess the rate of AF recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with a short P wave, and to mechanistically elucidate the observation by computer modeling.

Methods and Results

A total of 282 consecutive patients undergoing a first single‐pulmonary vein isolation procedure for paroxysmal or persistent AF were included. Computational models studied the effect of adenosine and sodium conductance on action potential duration and P‐wave duration (PWD). About 16% of the patients had a PWD of 110 ms or shorter (median PWD 126 ms, interquartile range, 115 ms–138 ms; range, 71 ms–180 ms). At Cox regression, PWD was significantly associated with AF recurrence (
P
=0.012). Patients with a PWD <110 ms (hazard ratio [HR], 2.20; 95% CI, 1.24–3.88;
P
=0.007) and patients with a PWD ≥140 (HR, 1.87, 95% CI, 1.06–3.30;
P
=0.031) had a nearly 2‐fold increase in risk with respect to the other group. In the computational model, adenosine yielded a significant reduction of action potential duration 90 (52%) and PWD (7%). An increased sodium conductance (up to 200%) was robustly accompanied by an increase in conduction velocity (26%), a reduction in action potential duration 90 (28%), and PWD (22%).

Conclusions
One out of 5 patients referred for pulmonary vein isolation has a short PWD which was associated with a higher rate of AF after the index procedure. Computer simulations suggest that shortening of atrial action potential duration leading to a faster atrial conduction may be the cause of this clinical observation.
Convective Cold Pools in Long-Term Boundary Layer Mast Observations
Authors: Kirsch Bastian , Ament Felix , Hohenegger Cathy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCold pools are mesoscale features that are key for understanding the organization of convection, but are insufficiently captured in conventional observations. This study conducts a statistical characterization of cold-pool passages observed at a 280-m-high boundary layer mast in Hamburg (Germany) and discusses factors controlling their signal strength. During 14 summer seasons 489 cold-pool events are identified from rapid temperature drops below −2 K associated with rainfall. The cold-pool activity exhibits distinct annual and diurnal cycles peaking in July and midafternoon, respectively. The median temperature perturbation is −3.3 K at 2-m height and weakens above. Also the increase in hydrostatic air pressure and specific humidity is largest near the surface. Extrapolation of the vertically weakening pressure signal suggests a characteristic cold-pool depth of about 750 m. Disturbances in the horizontal and vertical wind speed components document a lifting-induced circulation of air masses prior to the approaching cold-pool front. According to a correlation analysis, the near-surface temperature perturbation is more strongly controlled by the pre-event saturation deficit (r = −0.71) than by the event-accumulated rainfall amount (r = −0.35). Simulating the observed temperature drops as idealized wet-bulb processes suggests that evaporative cooling alone explains 64% of the variability in cold-pool strength. This number increases to 92% for cases that are not affected by advection of midtropospheric low-Θe air masses under convective downdrafts.
Cold Pool Characteristics of Tornadic Quasi-Linear Convective Systems and Other Convective Modes Observed during VORTEX-SE
Authors: McDonald Jessica M. , Weiss Christopher C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany numerical studies have focused on the importance of baroclinically generated vorticity at the edge of cold pools in supercellular tornadogenesis, and observational work has consistently found that strongly tornadic supercells have less dense, more buoyant cold pools than weakly or nontornadic supercells. However, there is a lack of observational studies that consider potential relationships between cold pool characteristics (e.g., density) and tornado production within linear systems, such as mesoscale convective system (MCS) or quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) events. This study presents two tornadic QLCS events that were observed during the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment-Southeast (VORTEX-SE) field project in 2016 and 2017. Supercell and hybrid modes were also observed and compared to the observations from the linear systems. No obvious differences in the thermodynamic deficits of the tornadic and nontornadic samples were found, likely due to the weakness of the produced tornadoes (≤EF1) and the small tornadic sample size (five cold pools). Comparison across storm mode did find some differences, with QLCS cold pools producing larger virtual potential temperature and psuedoequivalent potential temperature deficits than those observed in supercells. More importantly, our findings suggest that, in a QLCS, the magnitude of density gradients along the leading edge of the cold pool may be related to tornadogenesis by virtue of the implied baroclinic vorticity generation.
Location of uronic acid group in Japanese cedar and Japanese beech wood cell walls as evaluated by the influences of minerals on thermal reactivity
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Minami Eiji , Kawamoto Haruo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe thermal reactivities of cellulose and hemicellulose are significantly different in cell walls when compared with isolated components and differ in Japanese cedar (softwood) and Japanese beech (hardwood). Uronic acid bound to xylan promotes the thermal degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, and its effect is different depending on the form of free acid (acting as an acid catalyst) or metal uronate (acting as a base catalyst). We evaluated the location of uronic acid in the cell wall by identifying the components affected by demineralization in pyrolysis of cedar and beech wood. The thermal reactivities of xylan and glucomannan in beech were changed by demineralization, but in cedar, glucomannan and cellulose reactivities were changed. Therefore, the location of uronic acid in the cell wall was established and differed between cedar and beech; close to glucomannan and xylan in beech, but close to glucomannan and cellulose in cedar. Such information is important for understanding the ultrastructure and pyrolysis behavior of softwood and hardwood cell walls.
Successful management of retropharyngeal hematoma by trans-arterial embolism without intubation
Authors: Sugiura Gaku , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Kodama Yoshihisa , Nara Satoshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Retropharyngeal hematoma can cause suffocation if there is delay in securing the airway by intubation. However, there are also concerns about complications that can arise with intubation; it is still unknown which cases do not require intubation.

Case presentation
An 88-year-old woman slipped and was found prone and was transported to the emergency room. She was alert without any stridor. Physical examination revealed a subcutaneous hematoma in the anterior cervical region. Computed tomography revealed a retropharyngeal hematoma. Angiography and computed tomography angiography showed extravasation from the right costocervical trunk. A radiologist performed trans-arterial embolization, and she had an uneventful course without intubation or developing any complication. She became ambulatory on postoperative day 5.

Conclusion
Angiography and computed tomography angiography help in early recognition of extravasation in retropharyngeal hematoma, and trans-arterial embolization can help to avoid intubation and its complications.
Genetics and Genomics of African Rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud) Domestication
Authors: Wambugu Peterson W. , Ndjiondjop Marie-Noelle , Henry Robert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAfrican rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud) is one of the two independently domesticated rice species, the other one being Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.). Despite major progress being made in understanding the evolutionary and domestication history of African rice, key outstanding issues remain controversial. There appears to be an underlying difficulty in identifying the domestication centre and number of times the crop has been domesticated. Advances in genomics have provided unprecedented opportunities for understanding the genetic architecture of domestication related traits. For most of the domestication traits, the underlying genes and mutations have been identified. Comparative analysis of domestication genes between Asian and African rice has revealed that the two species went through an independent but convergent evolution process. The genetic and developmental basis of some of the domestic traits are conserved not only between Asian and African rice but also with other domesticated crop species. Analysis of genome data and its interpretation is emerging as a major challenge facing studies of domestication in African rice as key studies continue giving contradictory findings and conclusions. Insights obtained on the domestication of this species are vital for guiding crop improvement efforts.
An unusual outcome of papillary renal cell carcinoma with lung metastases: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Ofori Emmanuel Owusu , Bin Alhassan Baba Alhaji , Ayabilah Edwina Ayaaba , Maison Patrick Opoku Manu , Asante-Asamani Alvin , Atawura Henry , Rahman Ganiyu Adebisi , Akakpo Patrick Kafui , Imbeah Emmanuel Gustav , Ofori Prince Wilson 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous group of malignant epithelial tumors of the kidney. It accounts for more than 90% of all kidney cancers. However, papillary RCC is the second most common histologic subtype representing 10–15% of all RCCs. The mean age of presentation for papillary RCC ranges between 59 and 63 years but more importantly when RCC is diagnosed at a younger age, the possibility of an underlying hereditary kidney cancer syndrome should be considered. RCC potentially metastasizes to many different organs with lung being the commonest site accounting for 45.2%. The treatment for metastatic RCC is mostly multimodal for most patients. However, patients with untreated pulmonary metastases have been observed to have very poor prognosis with a 5-year overall survival rate of only 5% or even less and thus the need to report on the unusual outcome of our patient who had a metastatic disease.

Case presentation
The present study reports a papillary renal cell carcinoma with multiple lung metastases in a 31-year-old woman who presented with progressive right flank mass and pain with no chest symptoms. She underwent cytoreductive radical nephrectomy via a right subcostal incision. Patient, however, did not undergo metastasectomy nor palliative systemic therapy and was seen 5 years post-nephrectomy.

Conclusion
Our patient with metastatic RCC, without undergoing metastasectomy nor palliative systemic therapy, remained stable with 5-year progression-free survival post-cytoreductive nephrectomy.