bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remission of Pituitary Autoimmunity Induced by Gluten-Free Diet in Patients With Celiac Disease
Authors: Bellastella Giuseppe , Maiorino Maria Ida , Cirillo Paolo , Longo Miriam , Pernice Vlenia , Costantino Angela , Annunziata Carmen , Bellastella Antonio , Esposito Katherine , De Bellis Annamaria 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
An improvement of some autoimmune diseases associated with celiac disease (CD) has been observed after a gluten-free diet (GFD).

Objective
The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the effect of a GFD on autoimmune pituitary impairment in patients with CD and potential/subclinical lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH).

Design
Five-year longitudinal observational study.

Setting
Tertiary referral center for immunoendocrinology at the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”.

Patients
Ninety-three newly diagnosed LYH patients (high titer of antipituitary antibodies [APA] and normal or subclinically impaired pituitary function) were enrolled from 2000 to 2013 and grouped as follows: group 1, consisting of 43 patients with LYH + CD, and group 2, consisting of 50 patients with isolated LYH only.

Intervention
A GFD was started in patients in group 1 after the diagnosis of CD.

Main outcome measures
APA titers and pituitary function were evaluated at the beginning of the study and then yearly for 5 years in both groups. Patients progressing to a clinically overt LYH were excluded from the follow-up.

Results
Complete remission of LYH (disappearance of APA and recovery of pituitary function in patients with previous subclinical hypopituitarism) occurred in 15 patients in group 1 after a GFD (34%) and spontaneously in only 1 patient in group 2 (2%) (P &lt; .001). Two patients in group 1 and 25 in group 2 progressed to a clinically overt hypopituitarism and dropped out from the study to receive an appropriate replacement therapy. The presence of CD was the only independent predictor of pituitary function recovery (hazard ratio [HR] 0.059, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.54, P = .012).

Conclusion
In patients with LYH and CD, a GFD may be able to induce remission of subclinical LYH, or prevent the progression to clinical stage of this disease.
A Conditional Gradient Approach for Nonparametric Estimation of Mixing Distributions
Authors: Jagabathula Srikanth , Subramanian Lakshminarayanan , Venkataraman Ashwin 
Published: May 2020

Mixture models are versatile tools that are used extensively in many fields, including operations, marketing, and econometrics. The main challenge in estimating mixture models is that the mixing distribution is often unknown, and imposing a priori parametric assumptions can lead to model misspecification issues. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for nonparametric estimation of the mixing distribution of a mixture of logit models. We formulate the likelihood-based estimation problem as a constrained convex program and apply the conditional gradient (also known as Frank–Wolfe) algorithm to solve this convex program. We show that our method iteratively generates the support of the mixing distribution and the mixing proportions. Theoretically, we establish the sublinear convergence rate of our estimator and characterize the structure of the recovered mixing distribution. Empirically, we test our approach on real-world datasets. We show that it outperforms the standard expectation-maximization (EM) benchmark on speed (16 times faster), in-sample fit (up to 24% reduction in the log-likelihood loss), and predictive (average 28% reduction in standard error metrics) and decision accuracies (extracts around 23% more revenue). On synthetic data, we show that our estimator is robust to different ground-truth mixing distributions and can also account for endogeneity. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Task Selection and Workload: A Focus on Completing Easy Tasks Hurts Performance
Authors: KC Diwas S. , Staats Bradley R. , Kouchaki Maryam , Gino Francesca 
Published: May 2020

How individuals manage, organize, and complete their tasks is central to operations management. Recent research in operations focuses on how under conditions of increasing workload individuals can decrease their service time, up to a point, to complete work more quickly. As the number of tasks increases, however, workers may also manage their workload by a different process—task selection. Drawing on research on workload, individual discretion, and behavioral decision making, we theorize and then test that under conditions of increased workload, individuals may choose to complete easier tasks to manage their load. We label this behavior task completion preference (TCP). Using six years of data from a hospital emergency department, we find that physicians engage in TCP, with implications for their performance. Specifically, TCP helps physicians manage variance in service times; however, although it initially appears to improve shift-level throughput volume, after adjusting for the complexity of the work completed, TCP is related to worse throughput. Moreover, we find that engaging in easier tasks compared with hard ones is related to lower learning in service times. We then turn to the laboratory to replicate conceptually the short-term task selection effect under increased workload and show that it occurs because of both fatigue and the sense of progress individuals get from task completion. These findings provide another mechanism for the workload-speedup effect from the literature. We also discuss implications for both the research and the practice of operations in building systems to help people succeed. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Comment on “Newsvendor Demand Chasing Revisited”
Authors: Kirshner Samuel N. , Moritz Brent B. 
Published: May 2020

Based on a simulation, the authors of “Newsvendor Demand Chasing Revisited” recommended using correlation of orders with lagged demand to measure chasing behavior. They concluded that measuring chasing with regression based on partial adjustment is prone to false positives. We show the purported false positives are due to autocorrelation and recommend using partial adjustment regression-based approaches to evaluate chasing. This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management.
Incremental vs. Breakthrough Innovation: The Role of Technology Spillovers
Authors: Byun Seong K. , Oh Jong-Min , Xia Han 
Published: May 2020

We show that technology spillovers shift the composition of corporate research and development by promoting innovation based on the exploitation of existing knowledge while disincentivizing innovation that explores new areas and breaks new ground. Accordingly, firms facing large technology spillovers attain fewer superstar inventors among their human capital, who are important drivers of breakthrough technology advancement. These findings complement the existing studies documenting the positive effect of technology spillovers in increasing firms’ overall innovation outputs; they highlight potential downsides of technology spillovers in reducing firm investment in technology breakthrough and valuable human capital. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Designing miniature x-ray optics for the SmallSat lunar science mission concept CubeX
Authors: Kashyap Vinay L. , Hong Jaesub , Romaine Suzanne , Sethares Leandra , Cotroneo Vincenzo , Spiga Daniele , Nittler Larry 
Published: May 2020

Planetary remote-sensing instruments are often required to cover a relatively large field of view, ideally with a uniform angular resolution over the field, due to relatively large apparent sizes of planetary targets at close proximities. They also have to comply with relatively tight mass and volume constraints. For these reasons, planetary x-ray telescopes in the past were mainly collimation-based x-ray spectrometers without focusing optics. Recent advances in x-ray optics technology now enable compact focusing x-ray telescopes suitable for planetary science (e.g., BepiColombo). We present two design options for compact Wolter-I x-ray optics for a SmallSat lunar mission concept—the CubeSat X-ray telescope (CubeX). The primary objectives of CubeX are to map surface elemental abundances of selected lunar impact craters and to assess the feasibility of millisecond x-ray pulsar timing navigation in realistic deep space navigation environments. The Miniature X-ray Optics (MiXO) in CubeX utilizes electroformed NiCo alloy replication (ENR) technology, which provides many advantages over micro-pore optics (MPO) employed in BepiColombo. We carry out extensive ray traces over a grid of mirror parameters and explore a novel tapered shaped design of tightly nested shells, where both shell length and focal-plane offsets vary with shell diameter. One of the two configurations is optimized for large effective areas at low energies, while the other for lower mass and high-energy response. We compare their performances with those of conventional designs through the spatial resolution and effective area estimated by ray traces.
β-Galactooligosaccharide in Conjunction With Low FODMAP Diet Improves Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms but Reduces Fecal Bifidobacteria
Authors: Wilson Bridgette , Rossi Megan , Kanno Tokuwa , Parkes Gareth C. , Anderson Simon , Mason A. James , Irving Peter M. , Lomer Miranda C. , Whelan Kevin 
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The low FODMAP diet (LFD) reduces symptoms and bifidobacteria in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). β-galactooligosaccharides (B-GOS) may reduce the symptoms and increase bifidobacteria in IBS. We investigated whether B-GOS supplementation alongside the LFD improves IBS symptoms while preventing the decline in bifidobacteria.

METHODS:
We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-arm trial of 69 Rome III adult patients with IBS from secondary care in the United Kingdom. Patients were randomized to a sham diet with placebo supplement (control) or LFD supplemented with either placebo (LFD) or 1.4 g/d B-GOS (LFD/B-GOS) for 4 weeks. Gastrointestinal symptoms, fecal microbiota (fluorescent in situ hybridization and 16S rRNA sequencing), fecal short-chain fatty acids (gas-liquid chromatography) and pH (probe), and urine metabolites (1H NMR) were analyzed.

RESULTS:
At 4 weeks, adequate symptom relief was higher in the LFD/B-GOS group (16/24, 67%) than in the control group (7/23, 30%) (odds ratio 4.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–15.6; P = 0.015); Bifidobacterium concentrations (log10 cells/g dry weight) were not different between LFD and LFD/B-GOS but were lower in the LFD/B-GOS (9.49 [0.73]) than in the control (9.77 [0.41], P = 0.018). A proportion of Actinobacteria was lower in LFD (1.9%, P = 0.003) and LFD/B-GOS (1.8%, P < 0.001) groups than in the control group (4.2%). Fecal butyrate was lower in the LFD (387.3, P = 0.028) and LFD/B-GOS (346.0, P = 0.007) groups than in the control group (609.2).

DISCUSSION:
The LFD combined with B-GOS prebiotic produced a greater symptom response than the sham diet plus placebo, but addition of 1.4 g/d B-GOS did not prevent the reduction of bifidobacteria. The LFD reduces fecal Actinobacteria and butyrate thus strict long-term use should not be advised.
Liberia’s Belle Yella Prison Camp (1910–1990): Repression, Stigma, and Forced Labor in the Heart of the Rainforest
Authors: Nevin Timothy D. L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article represents research over a five-year period into the history of Belle Yella prison, an infamous prison associated with the incarceration of political prisoners and hardened criminals located deep in the rainforest of what is now Gbarpolu County, central Liberia. The article uses both extensive oral histories and archival documents to shed light on the eighty-year-long history of the site. The author argues that Belle Yella prison was utilized by past Liberian presidents as a place of banishment for political prisoners that were viewed as a threat to their regimes, especially during periods of political turmoil. These prisoners were forced to labor on private farms and survive under inhumane conditions that both violated their civil liberties and their human rights. In the conclusion, the author urges that the site of the prison be turned into a memorial so that visitors can pay homage to those who died there and learn lessons from the past.
Walory poznawcze kategorii tożsamości społecznej jednostki
Authors: Machaj Irena 
Published: May 2020

In the article, the author raises the question of what we can get to know or rather what social phenomena we can reach thanks to the studies on the individual’s social identity. The author adopts three essential features of sociological meaning of social identity: concentration on the consciousness part of life, subjective research orientation and the relational character of the individual’s social identity. Cognitive values are presented in the form of explicitly articulated questions, which are posed when we research on the identity of the individual in itself and when it helps to discover the other social phenomena, such as systems of values, mechanisms of the social exclusion-inclusion and mechanisms of the social diversity.
Irena Machaj, Walory poznawcze kategorii tożsamości społecznej jednostki [Cognitive values of the category of the individual’s social identity] edited by E. Smolarkiewicz, J. Kubera, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo” vol. XLIV: Tożsamość i identyfikacje. Propozycje teoretyczne – doświadczenia badawcze [Identity and identifications. Theoretical proposals – research experiences], Poznań 2017, pp. 17-31, Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Social Sciences Press. ISSN 0239-3271.
Subwavelength structured silicon waveguides and photonic devices
Authors: Sun Lu , Zhang Yong , He Yu , Wang Hongwei , Su Yikai 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Subwavelength structures such as subwavelength gratings (SWGs) and subwavelength metamaterials are capable of tailoring the optical properties of materials and controlling the flow of light at the nanoscale. The effective indices of the subwavelength structured strip and slab waveguides can be changed in a wide range by choosing an appropriate duty cycle or a filling factor of silicon, which provides an effective method to manipulate the optical field and achieve effective index matching for functional devices. Recent advances in nanofabrication techniques have made it possible to implement subwavelength structures in silicon strip and slab waveguides. Here we review various approaches used to design subwavelength structures and achieve exotic optical responses and discuss how these structures can be used to realize high-performance silicon photonic devices. Both one-dimensional SWG devices and two-dimensional subwavelength metamaterial devices are covered in this review, including subwavelength structure–based polarization handling devices, mode manipulation devices, and building blocks for integrated optical interconnects. Perspectives on subwavelength structured silicon photonic devices are also discussed.
Origin Specific Genomic Selection: A Simple Process To Optimize the Favorable Contribution of Parents to Progeny
Authors: Yang Chin Jian , Sharma Rajiv , Gorjanc Gregor , Hearne Sarah , Powell Wayne , Mackay Ian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Modern crop breeding is in constant demand for new genetic diversity as part of the arms race with genetic gain. The elite gene pool has limited genetic variation and breeders are trying to introduce novelty from unadapted germplasm, landraces and wild relatives. For polygenic traits, currently available approaches to introgression are not ideal, as there is a demonstrable bias against exotic alleles during selection. Here, we propose a partitioned form of genomic selection, called Origin Specific Genomic Selection (OSGS), where we identify and target selection on favorable exotic alleles. Briefly, within a population derived from a bi-parental cross, we isolate alleles originating from the elite and exotic parents, which then allows us to separate out the predicted marker effects based on the allele origins. We validated the usefulness of OSGS using two nested association mapping (NAM) datasets: barley NAM (elite-exotic) and maize NAM (elite-elite), as well as by computer simulation. Our results suggest that OSGS works well in its goal to increase the contribution of favorable exotic alleles in bi-parental crosses, and it is possible to extend the approach to broader multi-parental populations.
ESTRATEGIAS DE FINANCIAMIENTO, UN RETO PARA LAS PYMES COMERCIALES DE GUANACASTE
Authors: Canossa-Montes de Oca Héctor , Rodríguez-Alcocer Roberto 
Published: May 2020

Las empresas requieren una óptima administración financiera para permanecer y crecer en el mercado, según estudios de Costa Rica ocho de cada diez empresas no sobreviven más de diez años, aunado a que Guanacaste contabiliza únicamente el cinco por ciento de total de pymes del país, por lo que se requieren nuevos emprendimientos y la consolidación de las actuales para hacer crecer este segmento empresarial y por ende contribuir con el desarrollo económico de la provincia. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar retos para el financiamiento en las empresas estudiando la perspectiva de las pymes comerciales de Guanacaste. Los resultados obtenidos incluyen que el sector analizado ha desarrollado sus negocios a través de un financiamiento personal con ahorros, o incluso usando recursos provenientes de otro empleo y proveedores, y en su mayoría los recursos sumados de inversión inicial no superan los cinco millones de colones; pero el deseo de expansión requiere que estas empresas realicen un análisis y evaluación del endeudamiento, como fuente de inversión para posicionarse en el mercado, y para la mayoría los temas financieros son desconocidos. Estas empresas deben reconocer la relevancia de la gestión financiera y buscar estrategias para crecer mediante un constante aprendizaje con capacitaciones sobre financiamiento y administración en general. Esta investigación promueve una orientación hacía la gestión financiera de una manera responsable, buscando la rentabilidad y el crecimiento de las pymes comerciales de Guanacaste y Costa Rica.
ANTONIO MACEO Y EL LEGADO CUBANO EN MANSIÓN DE NICOYA, GUANACASTE, EN EL PAISAJE Y LA ORALIDAD LOCAL
Authors: Barboza-Núñez Esteban 
Published: May 2020

A través de entrevistas de profundidad, el presente artículo indaga acerca del legado de Antonio Maceo y la colonia cubana en Mansión de Nicoya, Guanacaste, por medio de la percepción de los recuerdos del paisaje de mediados del siglo XX en la memoria de cinco entrevistados. El artículo utiliza el concepto de paisaje como una forma de ver y de percibir el entorno, así como jeroglífico social, a través del cual es posible denotar y analizar relaciones sociales y económicas en un determinado lugar. En el análisis de las entrevistas, se determinan tres derivaciones por medio del análisis de la idea del paisaje en los entrevistados: la presencia del legado de la figura de Maceo y de la colonia cubana como fuente de identidad comunal, Mansión como uno de los centros logísticos más importantes de la Guanacaste de la mitad del siglo XX, y Mansión como centro de rica producción agrícola para el mercado regional y nacional.
Incontinencia urinaria femenina
Authors: Lomanto Morán Antonio 
Published: May 2020

El mayor conocimiento de la Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo ha contribuido a una mejor selección de los casos tributarios de tratamiento quirúrgico, aunque todavía persisten algunas incógnitas. A pesar de haberse propuesto más de cincuenta procedimientos quirúrgicos para el tratamiento de la Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo, la frecuencia de recidivas varía entre el tres y veinte por ciento (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Como muchos otros autores, también consideramos que la mayoría de los resultados quirúrgicos requiere investigaciones pre-operatorias minuciosas que permitan la selección y la clasificación de los casos y la determinación de las relaciones patogénicas e hidromecánicas de la unión uretro-vesical.
Neoplasia cervical intraepitelial
Authors: Esparza D. Carlos Alberto , Calle Mesa Mario 
Published: May 2020

Se revisaron 143 historias clínicas, correspondientes a pacientes que asistieron por primera vez a la consulta de detección precoz de cáncer del cervix en el Hospital Universitario de Caldas, en el período comprendido entre el 1 de septiembre de 1985 y el 28 de febrero de 1987 y tuvieron diagnóstico de NIC.El objetivo principal, fue evaluar lo que se ha realizado en dicho programa, cuantificando y caracterizando la experiencia mediante estadísticas descriptivas. Se encontró una edad promedio de 37,2 años. El 73,4% procedían de área urbana. Su paridad promedio fue de 5.7 embarazos. 131 pacientes fueron remitidas a esta consulta por citología Grado III o mayor. A 100 de ellas se les practicó solamente una colposcopia. A las 43 restantes dos o más. Se correlacionaron los hallazgos de la primera colposcopia con las citologías de remisión y con el diagnóstico definitivo, así como también las lesiones encontradas en la primera colposcopia con el diagnóstico final. Se analizaron los tratamientos de acuerdo con dicho diagnóstico.
Sida en América
Authors: Martínez M Jorge Enrique 
Published: May 2020

Teniendo en cuenta los informes provenientes de la O.P.S. y del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Colombia, se ha hecho esta revisión sobre los casos de lnmunodeficiencia registrados en Las Américas, con el ánimo de evaluar la incidencia de éstos en la Salud Pública de nuestra Región y la progresión que han presentado.En las Américas el incremento de la enfermedad entre 1986 y 1990 ha sido del 425.16%, siendo la subregión más afectada la de Norte América, seguida por América Latina donde el aumento en la prevalencia corresponde a un 764%. Otras subregiones como el Brasil muestran un incremento superior (878%). A pesar de estas cifras tan elevadas, se ha encontrado que son bajas al compararlas con el crecimiento visto en Centro América, donde Honduras ha presentado una elevación del 7.320% en la prevalencia, lo cual significa un gran reto para las campañas de salud pública.Los datos referentes a Colombia, registran el 8 de junio de 1991 un total de 1.668 casos en estadío 5 ó 6 de la enfermedad, de los cuales el 93% son de sexo masculino, con edades comprendidas entre los 30 y 39 años principalmente y una tasa de transmisión que afecta en especial a quienes tienen prácticas de tipo homosexual o bisexual (45.5%). La tasa de transmisión perinatal y transfusional es baja. Los lugares más afectados son Santafé de Bogotá y el Departamento de Antioquia. Sobre el origen de los casos, 197 han sido importados al país y 1.193 son autóctonos, lo que indica una grave situación de expansión de la entidad, que de continuar avanzando rebasaría nuestra capacidad hospitalaria y económica, dada la infraestructura con que contamos y los elevados costos que tiene la atención a éstos pacientes.
Ausencia congénita de vagina
Authors: Onatra H. William , Arteaga Clara , Pérez Orlando 
Published: May 2020

Se presentan Jos principales aspectos de la historia, frecuencia, embriología y genética de la ausencia congénita de vagina. Se analizaron 850 historias de la clínica de Endocrinología del Instituto Maternó Infantil durante el período de 1970 a 1988, encontrándose 45 casos (4.1%) de agenesia de vagina, proponiendo Jos autores 4 categorías con los siguientes criterios: l. Ausencia congénita de vagina con disgenesia gonadal (XX o XY). 4 casos-46XX (8.6%) 12XY (26%). II. Ausencia congénita de vagina con gónada normal (síndrome de Rockitansky Kuster Hauser) 19 pacientes (41.4%).III. Ausencia congénita de vagina con anomalías de fusión de ductus mulerianos (3 pacientes) 3 casos (6.6%).IV. Ausencia congénita de vagina con útero y gónada normal (tabiques, longitudinal transverso) 8 pacientes. 8 casos (17.4%).Se propone el siguiente manejo: Grupo I, terapia de suplencia y adopción si la paciente desea. Grupo 11, neovagina y si desea embarazo madre sustituta. Grupo III, insirninación intrauterina. Plastia utrina según el caso. Grupo IV, utilizar la cánula endotraquial para evitar la histerectomía.