bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel software defect prediction approach using modified objective cluster analysis
Authors: Ren Junhua , Zhang Qing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel approach for software defect prediction of unlabeled datasets is proposed using modified objective cluster analysis (OCA). In this approach, the first step is to construct the distance matrix of instances in the datasets by utilizing the automatically determined clusters through the modified OCA. Then the dipoles within different instances are categorized into two different groups. Finally, the clusters of instances are produced, and software defects can be predicted by imposing a modified consistency criterion. Case study and comparative experiments were conducted based on 12 public datasets selected from the databases of Promise and ReLink using multiple different unsupervised algorithms and cross‐project approaches. There are two experimental settings: experiments with datasets that contain all metrics and experiments with datasets that contain only module size metrics. The results were evaluated by the index of precision, recall, F‐measure, and receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Furthermore, a complexity analysis of the tested algorithms was conducted as well. In experiments with datasets with all metrics, the proposed OCA gets the best results in four indexes, and the average values of precision, recall, F‐measure, and AUC were improved by a minimum of 1.52%, 2.78%, 19.84%, and 0.93%, respectively. In experiments with datasets with only module size metrics, the proposed OCA performed the best results in four indexes also, and the average values of precision, F‐measure, and AUC were improved by a minimum of 8.8%, 2.59%, and 8.36%, respectively. The proposed algorithm is of low complexity and provides a new way to efficiently predict software defects with unlabeled datasets.
Design of a prospective patient‐level pooled analysis of two parallel trials of empagliflozin in patients with established heart failure
Authors: Packer Milton , Butler Javed , Filippatos Gerasimos , Zannad Faiez , Ferreira Joao Pedro , Zeller Cordula , Brueckmann Martina , Jamal Waheed , Pocock Stuart J. , Anker Stefan D. ,   for the EMPEROR Trial Committees and Investigators
Published: November 2020

AimThe EMPEROR‐Reduced trial demonstrated that empagliflozin reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with a reduced ejection fraction, and the EMPEROR‐Preserved trial is currently evaluating the effect of the drug on the same endpoint in patients with an ejection fraction >40%. However, neither the trial was designed to have adequate statistical power to evaluate the effects of empagliflozin and dapagliflozin on major adverse renal outcomes or on mortality. Herein we describe the design of a prospective individual patient‐level pooled analysis of two large‐scale trials with empagliflozin (EMPEROR‐Reduced and EMPEROR‐Preserved) in patients with heart failure across the spectrum of ejection fraction.MethodsThe trials were carried out in parallel using the same administrative structure and committees, randomization procedure, schedule of study visits and adjudication criteria and similar groups of investigators and case report forms. The two component trials specified the same primary and key secondary endpoints and used an identical hierarchical testing procedure, which included a pooled analysis of the two trials as a key component of the hierarchy. Consequently, the pooled analysis has been prospectively assigned a false positive error rate, which is conditional on one or both trials first achieving success on their primary and one or both key secondary endpoints. The pooled analysis has its own statistical plan with its own endpoints, and this plan was finalized before either trial had begun recruitment of patients into either study. The primary endpoint of the pooled analysis is a composite of serious adverse renal outcomes, defined by chronic dialysis, renal transplantation and a profound or sustained decrease in glomerular filtration rate. All‐cause and cardiovascular mortality are specified as secondary endpoints.ConclusionThe planned pooled analysis has an unusually high degree of statistical rigour that will allow it to address important questions that cannot be fully addressed by the individual trials.
Effects of empagliflozin on renal sodium and glucose handling in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Boorsma Eva M. , Beusekamp Joost C. , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Figarska Sylwia M. , Danser A.H. Jan , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , van der Meer Peter , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Damman Kevin , Voors Adriaan A. 
Published: November 2020

AimsSodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve clinical outcome in patients with heart failure (HF), but the mechanisms behind their beneficial effects are not yet fully understood. We examined the effects of empagliflozin on renal sodium and glucose handling in patients with acute HF.Methods and resultsThis study was a pre‐defined sub‐study of a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, multicentre study (EMPA‐RESPONSE‐AHF). Patients were allocated within 24 h of an acute HF admission to either empagliflozin 10 mg/day (n = 40) or placebo (n = 39) for 30 days. Markers of glucose and sodium handling were measured daily during the first 96 h and at day 30. Patients were 76 (range 38–89) years old and 33% had diabetes. The use of loop diuretics during the first 96 h was similar in both groups. Empagliflozin increased fractional glucose excretion with a peak after 24 h (21.8% vs. 0.1%; P < 0.001), without affecting plasma glucose concentration, while fractional sodium and chloride excretion and urinary osmolality remained unchanged (P >0.3 for all). However, empagliflozin increased plasma osmolality (delta osmolality at 72 h: 5 ± 8 vs. 2 ± 5 mOsm/kg; P = 0.049). Finally, there was an early decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate with empagliflozin vs. placebo (−10 ± 12 vs. −2 ± 12 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.009), which recovered within 30 days.ConclusionIn patients with acute HF, empagliflozin increased fractional glucose excretion and plasma osmolality, without affecting fractional sodium excretion or urine osmolality and caused a temporary decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate. This suggests that empagliflozin stimulates osmotic diuresis through increased glycosuria rather than natriuresis in patients with acute HF.
Joule heating effects on electrokinetic flows with conductivity gradients
Authors: Song Le , Yu Liandong , Brumme Christian , Shaw Ryan , Zhang Cheng , Xuan Xiangchun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInstability occurs in the electrokinetic flow of fluids with conductivity and/or permittivity gradients if the applied electric field is beyond a critical value. Understanding such an electrokinetic instability is significant for both improved transport (via the suppressed instability) and enhanced mixing (via the promoted instability) of liquid samples in microfluidic applications. This work presents the first study of Joule heating effects on electrokinetic microchannel flows with conductivity gradients using a combined experimental and numerical method. The experimentally observed flow patterns and measured critical electric fields under Joule heating effects to different extents are reasonably predicted by a depth‐averaged numerical model. It is found that Joule heating increases the critical electric field for the onset of electrokinetic instability because the induced fluid temperature rise and in turn the fluid property change (primarily the decreased permittivity) lead to a smaller electric Rayleigh number.
Using bodily postures in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: Effects of power posing on interoception and affective states
Authors: Weineck Felicitas , Hauke Gernot , Lindemann Hanna , Lachenmeir Karin , Schnebel Andreas , Karačić Matislava , Meule Adrian , Voderholzer Ulrich , Pollatos Olga 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivePower posing involves the adoption of an expansive bodily posture. This study examined whether power posing could benefit individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and women with normal weight in regards to interoceptive ability and affective states.MethodParticipants included 50 inpatients and outpatients with AN as well as 51 normal‐weight women. Interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), measured by the heartbeat tracking task and interoceptive sensibility (IS), measured by confidence ratings, were assessed at baseline, after a single power posing session and after 1 week of daily training. Also, the short‐term effects of power posing on subjective feelings of dominance, pleasantness, and arousal were investigated.ResultsBoth groups increased in their IAcc after one power posing session. Also, there was a significant main effect of time on feelings of dominance and pleasantness in the short‐term. Women with AN displayed lower levels of IS, dominance, and pleasantness as well as higher levels of arousal than women without AN.DiscussionThese findings suggest that power posing has the potential to increase IAcc, subjective feelings of power and pleasant affect in the short‐term. Further research should investigate which mechanisms foster the effectiveness of this intervention to tailor it to the needs of women with AN.
Compaction and cover effects on runoff and erosion in post‐fire salvage logged areas in the Valley Fire, California
Authors: Prats Sergio A. , Malvar Maruxa C. , Wagenbrenner Joseph W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRunoff and erosion processes can increase after wildfire and post‐fire salvage logging, but little is known about the specific effects of soil compaction and surface cover after post‐fire salvage logging activities on these processes. We carried out rainfall simulations after a high‐severity wildfire and post‐fire salvage logging to assess the effect of compaction (uncompacted or compacted by skid traffic during post‐fire salvage logging) and surface cover (bare or covered with logging slash). Runoff after 71 mm of rainfall across two 30‐min simulations was similar for the bare plots regardless of the compaction status (mean 33 mm). In comparison, runoff in the slash‐covered plots averaged only 22 mm. Rainsplash in the downslope direction averaged 30 g for the bare plots across compaction levels and decreased significantly by 70% on the slash‐covered plots. Sediment yield totalled 460 and 818 g m−2 for the uncompacted and compacted bare plots, respectively, and slash significantly reduced these amounts by an average rate of 71%. Our results showed that soil erosion was still high two years after the high severity burning and the effect of soil compaction nearly doubled soil erosion via nonsignificant increases in runoff and sediment concentration. Antecedent soil moisture (dry or wet) was the dominant factor controlling runoff, while surface cover was the dominant factor for rainsplash and sediment yield. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and interrill erodibility calculated from these rainfall simulations confirmed previous laboratory research and will support hydrologic and erosion modelling efforts related to wildfire and post‐fire salvage logging. Covering the soil with slash mitigated runoff and significantly reduced soil erosion, demonstrating the potential of this practise to reduce sediment yield and soil degradation from burned and logged areas.
Storage conditions of oxytocin in a tropical climate in a low‐income country
Authors: de Vries Ella Larissa , van Tetering Anne Antonia Cornelia , van der Hout M. Beatrijs , Derijks Luc Jozef Johannes , Sseguya Simon Peter , Namagembe Imelda , Byamugisha Josaphat , Oei S. Guid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the storage conditions of oxytocin in a health facility in a low‐income country with a tropical climate, as suboptimal storage may lead to ineffectiveness of drugs essential to prevent and treat postpartum hemorrhage.MethodsAt Mulago National Referral Hospital (28 000–33 000 deliveries/year) in Kampala, Uganda, temperature logging Safe‐Rx cards were placed in boxes of oxytocin and in every known storage location. The route of the boxes through the hospital was tracked for 54 days, and storage conditions were observed.ResultsOxytocin was stored within the recommended temperature range (2°C–8°C) 24% of the time. The average temperature measured within the oxytocin boxes was 18.2°C, with a minimum of –2.3°C and maximum of 30.4°C. Six out of twelve known storage places had a refrigerator, but not one location stored medication at the recommended temperature constantly. The average temperature in the storage places ranged from 9.5°C to 27.6°C, with a minimum temperature of 2.3°C and maximum of 30.9°C.ConclusionOxytocin is not stored in the recommended temperature range for the majority of time. The presence of refrigerators does not ensure adherence to advised temperature storage conditions.
Intergenerational influence of paternal physical activity on the offspring’s brain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Goli Parvin , Yazdi Maryam , Poursafa Parnian , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is well established that parents can influence their offspring's neurodevelopment. It is shown that paternal environment and lifestyle is beneficial for the progeny's fitness and might affect their metabolic mechanisms; however, the effects of paternal exercise on brain in the offspring have not been explored in detail.ObjectiveThis study aims to review the impact of paternal physical exercise on memory and learning, neuroplasticity, as well as DNA methylation levels in the offspring's hippocampus.Study designIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, electronic literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were those with an experimental design, including an exercise intervention arm, with assessment of any type of memory function, learning ability, or any type of brain plasticity as the outcome measures. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed as effect size.ResultsThe systematic review revealed the important role of environmental enrichment in the behavioral development of next generation. Also, offspring of exercised fathers displayed higher levels of memory ability, and lower level of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor. A significant effect of paternal exercise on the hippocampal volume was also reported in the few available studies.ConclusionThese results suggest an intergenerational effect of paternal physical activity on cognitive benefit, which may be associated with hippocampal epigenetic programming in offspring. However, the biological mechanisms of this modulation remain to be determined.
A postlarval instar of Phoxichilidium femoratum (Pycnogonida, Phoxichilidiidae) with an exceptional malformation
Authors: Brenneis Georg , Scholtz Gerhard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIndividuals of the marine chelicerate lineage Pycnogonida (sea spiders) show considerable regenerative capabilities after appendage injury or loss. In their natural habitats, especially the long legs of sea spiders are commonly lost and regenerated, as is evidenced by the frequent encounter of specimens with missing or miniature legs. In contrast to this, the collection of individuals with abnormally developed appendages or trunk regions is comparably rare. Here, we studied a remarkable malformation in a postlarval instar of the species Phoxichilidium femoratum (Rathke, 1799) and describe the external morphology and internal organization of the specimen using a combination of fluorescent histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. The individual completely lacks the last trunk segment with leg pair 4 and the normally penultimate trunk segment bears only a single aberrant appendage resembling an extension of the anteroposterior body axis. Externally, the proximal units of the articulated appendage are unpaired, but further distally a bifurcation into two equally developed leg‐like branches is found. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the musculature reveals components of two regular leg muscle sets in several of the proximal articles. This confirms interpretation of the entire appendage as a malformed leg and reveals an externally hidden paired organization along its entire proximodistal axis. To explain the origin of this unique malformation, early pioneering studies on the regenerative potential of pycnogonids are evaluated and (a) an injury‐induced partial fusion of the developing limb buds of leg pair 3, as well as (b) irregular leg regeneration following near complete loss of trunk segments 3 and 4 are discussed. Which of the two hypotheses is more realistic remains to be tested by dedicated experimental approaches. These will have to rely on pycnogonid species with established laboratory husbandry in order to overcome the limitations of the few short‐term regeneration studies performed to date.
Is load control necessary to produce physiological AP displacement and axial rotation in wear testing of TAR?
Authors: Ho Nathan C. , McCarty Colin P. , Park Sang‐Hyun , Williams Joan R. , Gilmartin Neda F. , Ebramzadeh Edward , Sangiorgio Sophia N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe International Standard Organization, ISO 22622, specifies two options for joint wear simulator evaluation of total ankle replacements (TARs): load‐controlled and displacement‐controlled. In the present study, the load‐controlled testing parameters were applied to cadaveric specimens to quantify and compare the observed sagittal translations and axial rotations to those specified under the displacement‐controlled option. Twelve cadaveric specimens were stripped of extraneous tissues, keeping surrounding ankle ligaments. A halo was used to produce plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of the talus through two screws, while a baseplate resisted axial loads. The axial force and torque were applied to the tibia and fibula under force and torque feedback control. An anterior–posterior force was applied to the tibia. Plantarflexion‐dorsiflexion were applied using rotation control. To protect the cadaveric specimens, loads were applied at 50% of the specified load profile while plantarflexion–dorsiflexion rotation was applied as specified. There was variation among specimens in magnitudes of anterior–posterior displacement with peaks ranging from 3.3 mm posteriorly to 3.0 mm anteriorly. Likewise, there was variation among specimens in magnitude of axial rotation, with peaks ranging from 11° external rotation to 4.5° internal rotation. However, the mean magnitudes of AP displacement and axial rotation did not exceed those specified by ISO 22622.
Ideal triangulations of 3‐manifolds up to decorated transit equivalences
Authors: Benedetti Riccardo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider 3‐dimensional pseudo‐manifolds with a given set of marked point V such that is the interior of a compact 3‐manifold with boundary M. An ideal triangulation T of has V as set of vertices. A branching enhances T to a Δ‐complex. Branched triangulations of are considered up to the b‐transit equivalence generated by isotopy and ideal branched moves which keep V pointwise fixed. We extend a well known connectivity result for “naked” ideal triangulations by showing that branched ideal triangulations of are equivalent to each other. A pre‐branching is a system of transverse orientations at the 2‐facets of T verifying a certain global constraint; pre‐branchings are considered up to a natural ‐transit equivalence. If M is oriented, every branching induces a pre‐branching and every b‐transit induces a ‐transit. The quotient set of pre‐branchings up to transit equivalence is far to be trivial; we get some information about it and we characterize the pre‐branchings of the type . Pre‐branched and branched moves are naturally organized in subfamilies which give rise to restricted transit equivalences. In the branching setting we revisit, with some complement, early results about the sliding transit equivalence and outline a (partially conjectural) conceptually different approach to the branched ideal connectivity and eventually also to the naked one. The basic idea is to point out some structures of differential topological nature on M which are carried by every branched ideal triangulation of , are preserved by the sliding transits and can be modified by the full branched transits. The non ambiguous transit equivalence already widely studied on pre‐branchings lifts to a specialization of the sliding equivalence on branched triangulations; we point out a few specific insights, again in terms of carried structures preserved by the non ambiguous and which can be modified by the whole sliding transits.
Preparation of Near‐Infrared Emissive π‐Conjugated Polymer Films Based on Boron‐Fused Azobenzene Complexes with Perpendicularly Protruded Aryl Substituents
Authors: Gon Masayuki , Wakabayashi Junko , Nakamura Masashi , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMost organic luminescent dyes usually show poor emission in solid due to aggregation‐caused quenching due to nonspecific intermolecular interaction, such as π–π stacking. Furthermore, since commodity molecules having near‐infrared (NIR) emission properties tend to have extended π‐conjugated systems, development of luminescent organic materials with solid‐state NIR emission has been still challenging. Herein, the series of the azobenzene complexes with the perpendicularly‐protruded aryl derivative at the boron atom toward π‐conjugated system is synthesized. From the optical measurements, it is shown that these complexes can show crystallization‐induced emission enhancement behaviors. The donor–acceptor type π‐conjugated polymers composed of the azobenzene complexes are also synthesized. Highly‐efficient NIR emission from the phenyl‐substituted polymers both in solution (λPL = 742 nm, ΦPL = 15%) and film states (λPL = 793 nm, ΦPL = 9%) is obtained. Furthermore, emission wavelengths can be tuned by changing the substituent at the boron atom to the modified aryl groups. From mechanistic studies including theoretical calculations, it is shown that electronic interaction is allowable between the aryl substituent to the π‐conjugated system through the tetradentate boron.
Unveiling the Mechanism of Polymer Grafting on Graphene for Functional Composites: The Behavior of Radicals
Authors: Hori Yuki , Kubo Koichiro , Nishina Yuta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolymer–graphene composites have attracted significant attention; however, their formation mechanisms are a focus of debate. This work tries to clarify how grafting occurs on graphene by electron spin resonance techniques. As a result, two pathways are found. One passes through the radicals formed by cleaving CO bonds on graphene are transferred to monomers, then grafting and polymerization proceed. Another mechanism passes through the oxy‐radicals, which react with monomers in solution and finally react with carbon radicals on graphene. Based on the mechanism, various types of polymer–graphene composites are prepared, and applied to electrical conductive sheets, basic catalysts, and acidic catalysts.