bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Optimal Probability Estimator from Small Samples for Data Mining
Authors: Cestnik Bojan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Estimation of probabilities from empirical data samples has drawn close attention in the scientific community and has been identified as a crucial phase in many machine learning and knowledge discovery research projects and applications. In addition to trivial and straightforward estimation with relative frequency, more elaborated probability estimation methods from small samples were proposed and applied in practice (e.g., Laplace’s rule, the m-estimate). Piegat and Landowski (2012) proposed a novel probability estimation method from small samples Ep
h√2 that is optimal according to the mean absolute error of the estimation result. In this paper we show that, even though the articulation of Piegat’s formula seems different, it is in fact a special case of the m-estimate, where p
a =1/2 and m = √2
. In the context of an experimental framework, we present an in-depth analysis of several probability estimation methods with respect to their mean absolute errors and demonstrate their potential advantages and disadvantages. We extend the analysis from single instance samples to samples with a moderate number of instances. We define small samples for the purpose of estimating probabilities as samples containing either less than four successes or less than four failures and justify the definition by analysing probability estimation errors on various sample sizes.
Position Control of a Mobile Robot through PID Controller
Authors: Bârsan Alexandru 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the implementation and tuning steps of the PID controllers were proposed for the position control of a mobile robot with differential steering. The purpose of this robot was the participation in a European amateur robotics contest, the mobile robot being developed in the Engineering Faculty of Sibiu, Department of Industrial Machines and Equipment. After a brief introduction of the mobile entertainment robot, followed by description of the robot’s different components and traction principles, several principles of tuning the PID controller for the mobile robot are presented. The paper ends with some general conclusions based upon the results obtained from studying the research and considering all the ideas that were introduced.
Abrasive Water Jet Cutting of Stainless-Steel Optimization by Orthogonal Array Approach
Authors: Perec Andrzej , Radomska-Zalas Aleksandra 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the use of Taguchi method to optimize the cutting of stainless steel by Abrasive Water Jet. Shown are the influence of the most important machining parameters, such a traverse speed, abrasive grains size and concentration of abrasive in the jet on the maximum depth of cut. Analysis of variance - ANOVA was used to determine the effect of machining parameters on the cutting depth. Based on the calculated signal/noise ratios for individual parameters of the cutting process, their impact on cutting depth was determined and optimal process conditions were determined in order to reach the maximum depth of cut. The empirical verification of this process was also performed by comparing the depth of cut predicted and achieved in the tests.
Main Requirements of a Cyber Physical Production System Demonstrator
Authors: Petruse Radu Emanuil , Bondrea Ioan , Nicolae Ioan Cristian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper is focused on identifying the main requirements for developing a CPPS demonstrator prototype. This research aims to categorize the main components and interactions within a new manufacturing system which are required to accommodate a CPPS. The proposed CPPS demonstrator also includes the preliminary requirements identified from the discussions with the regional industry, so that the prototype of the production system could be easily understood and also be the basis for further collaborations. The identified requirements were structured according to the top-down principle focusing on accomplishing the major objectives to be achieved through the prototype of the production system but also on the detailed concepts of the product and the production stations, thus preparing the choice for a concrete technical solution.
Investigation of the possibility of green bean production under unfavourable agro-ecological conditions in lysimeters
Authors: Sinka Lúcia , Takács-Hájos Mária , Czellér Krisztina , Tuba Géza , Zsembeli József 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
There are extended agricultural areas in the world that can be utilized only with irrigation for crop production. Improper irrigation may induce unfavourable processes in the soil (e.g. secondary salinization). To investigate this problem existing in Hungary as well, 12 simple drainage lysimeters – which are useful equipment for the investigation of the water and salt balance of the soil – were used in an irrigation experiment in the Research Institute of Karcag. The basic goal was to investigate the possibility of the production of a salt-sensitive crop (green bean) in areas with unfavourable agro-ecological conditions. 6 lysimeters were irrigated with deionized water, while the other 6 with saline water of 1,600 mg/l salt content. We also used a soil conditioner (Neosol) during the experiment. Analysing the effect of the irrigation quality on the plant height of green beans, it can be established that the plants irrigated with deionized water were averagely 5.3 cm taller than the plants irrigated with saline water. Similar tendencies were characteristic of the average biomass (deionized: 93.5, saline: 62.5 g), the average root mass (deionized: 9.5 g, saline: 8.2 g), the number of pods (deionized: 17.1, saline: 11.9), and the pod yield (deionized: 137.9 g, saline: 85.9 g) values. However, all these values can be improved by soil conditioning combined with the optimization of irrigation.
Changes in germination parameters of seven sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) varieties due to treating with gibberellic and ascorbic acids
Authors: Biró-Janka Béla , Nyárádi Imre-István , Duda Marcel Matei , Demeter Beáta , Nagygyörgy Andrea 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
During the study, the seeds of seven sweet basil cultivars were treated with 100 ppm solutions of gibberellic acid or ascorbic acid prior to a 14-day germination experiment. Values of the first day of germination, germination energy, germinability, mean time and rate of germination, and uncertainty and synchrony of germination were calculated. The results show that both of the substances altered the measured parameters, priming with gibberellic acid proving to be a more effective way to enhance the germination of basil seeds. Also, they revealed major differences among the germination parameters of the examined cultivars.
The behaviour of some hyacinth varieties in forced culture
Authors: Székely-Varga Zsolt , Hitter Buru Timea , Cotoz Alex-Peter , Sabo Roxana Alexandra , Cantor Maria 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the behaviour of five hyacinth varieties: ‘City of Haarlem’, ‘Blue Jacket’, ‘Miss Saigon’, ‘Jan Boss’, and ‘Double Prince of Love’ in forced culture under the influence of different culture substrates. For this purpose, the following parameters were monitored concerning the main characteristics: number of flowers from inflorescence, length of stem flower, earliness of flowering period, and the flowers’ blooming period. The results of this work show that in culture substrate garden soil and sand (1:1) the best results were obtained regarding the length of the floral stem, number of flowers from inflorescence, and flowering period, and less favourable results were obtained for bloom precocity.
Effect of UV light on food quality and safety
Authors: Csapó J. , Prokisch J. , Albert Cs. , Sipos P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The recent years have seen a great number of instances when ultraviolet (UV) radiation was used in the preservation process of all sorts of foods. Since the purine and pyrimidine bases of DNA and RNA absorb well the 254 nm radiation, its application with the use of a correct dosage can result in disinfections of various orders of magnitude. It can be particularly effective in cases where technology does not allow a more intensive heat treatment. When used properly, UV treatment can be a competitive procedure in the case of foodstuffs where the large surface area allows for UV rays to penetrate the entire volume of the substance. Incorrectly applied UV treatment may change the composition of foods. Free-radical as well as photochemical reactions can digest the proteins, damage the antioxidants, oxidize the lipids, make changes to the colour and substance, and produce undesirable flavourings and odorous substances. Some vitamins are particularly sensitive to UV irradiation in the course of which losses could reach even 50%. Photosensitive water-soluble vitamins are vitamin C, B12, B6, B2 and folic acid, while vitamins A, K and E are the fat soluble sensitive to light, carotene being the only provitamin with such properties. On the other hand, UV treatment can be a useful tool of food safety because of the photosensitivity of fungal toxins.
Kinematic Comparison of a Heald Frame Driven by A Rotary Dobby with A Cam-Slider, A Cam-Link and A Null Modulator
Authors: Yin Honghuan , Yu Hongbin , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The kinematics of the heald frame of a rotary dobby with two different modulator types are analyzed and compared. Kinematic mathematical models of the modulator main shaft, cam unit, and heald frame driven by the rotary dobby with a cam-slider modulator and a cam-link modulator were constructed based on two different cam contours derived from measured points on the conjugate cams of the two modulators. The motion characteristics of the two modulators and a null modulator, the cam unit, and the motion transmission unit are analyzed. The purpose of the present study was to establish the kinematic models, investigate the motion characteristics, and analyze their differences. At the same time, a calculation method for each motion transmission process was established and numerical models were developed. The results demonstrated that the two different modulators produce almost the same heald frame motion characteristics. Despite that both modulator types can be adapted to the requirements of a loom, the cam-link modulator can produce a more stable and reliable motion.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Consumer Education in Primary Schools in Finland
Authors: Pajari Kati , Harmoinen Sari 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Operating in today’s markets is challenging due to information overload and an expanding choice of products. Children also encounter these complex markets at an early age. Providing consumer education in schools is an excellent opportunity to enhance their ability to think critically and increase their awareness. However, it would be a mistake to ignore the interconnections between consumer education and entrepreneurship education, since active and innovative people are also a prerequisite for future development. Taking advantage of the opportunity to provide consumer education in schools requires teachers to be familiar with consumer issues. This article aims to discuss the perceptions and experiences that primary school teachers in Finland have regarding children’s consumer education in schools. This study was conducted using the phenomenographic qualitative method to analyse data from teacher interviews. The analysis revealed a set of categories that describes the various ways the participants perceive and experience children’s consumer education in schools. These categories include themes, actors, teaching methods and the challenges and expectations teachers relate to children’s consumer education. The findings of this study are worth exploring when planning how to support teachers’ consumer educational competences for a sustainable future. The authors consider that this article is especially valuable for curriculum planners, educators, consumer organisations and parents’ associations, because it shed light on teachers’ perspectives about consumer education.
Changes in the Product Costing Process Driven by Implementation of an Integrated Information System in a Production Company
Authors: Fałat Kamila 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article deals with product costing in a manufacturing company and change of costing methodology from normal to standard costing caused by a new integrated information system implementation. The aim of the article is to show the impact of a new integrated information system on product costing. In order to show the consequences of changing the methodology of product costing from normal to standard costing variances between standard costing and normal costing in an international production company were analyzed. For this research comparative analysis was used of unit costs before and after the new system implementation for finished goods. Ten percent of the items had a variance of more than 30% which was caused by errors in the new system settings and mistakes in the normal costs in the old system. The impact of the change of the costing methodology was shown by calculation of the difference between normal cost values and standard cost values ten months after the new integrated information system implementation. To verify the accuracy of standard costs settings, standard costs were compared to actual costs for finished goods and semi-finished goods. In the tenth period only 30% of finished goods and 42% of semi-finished goods showed a variance between standard costs and actual costs lower than 20%. It means that for the rest of the items standard cost assumptions should be checked and corrected. The results of the study indicate that a change in product costing methodology driven by new integrated information system implementation has an impact on company revenues. The direction of the change depends on the accuracy of previous system settings. It is impossible to implement a new system without increase or decrease of sales. The most important limitation of the research is that only one manufacturing company was studied. This was connected with data availability. The research methodology can be used by manufacturing companies to assess the impact of new integrated system implementation on their revenues. Literature concerning integrated information system implementation focuses on its advantages and disadvantages therefore the author of the article wants to concentrate on its impact on the profit and loss account, specifically on revenues.
Usefulness of Sectoral Means in Financial Analyses of Enterprises
Authors: Mioduchowska-Jaroszewicz Edyta 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aim: The aim of the paper is to assess the usefulness of sectoral means in financial analyses of enterprises.
Research methods: The article uses a deductive approach to assess the suitability of sectoral means used in analyses of t financial standing of enterprises. The method of analysis and logical construction was used for literature review. The methods of descriptive statistics such as arithmetic means, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were used in order to analyze the data and draw conclusions based on the results.
Contribution: The assessment of the usefulness of sectoral means in the context of their variability seems to be a crucial aspect for the analysis of a company’s financial situation. When assessing the financial standing of an enterprise, it is necessary to use a comparative analysis method, based on, inter alia, a comparison in space. This type of comparison requires the use of sectoral means, whose assessment is extremely important to drawing reliable and correct conclusions regarding the financial situation of a company.
Application of the Project Management Methodology Formation’s Method
Authors: Kononenko Igor , Lutsenko Svitlana 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background and Purpose: The selection of a “right” project management methodology for a particular project represents a problem of great importance. Its solution affects crucial project parameters like cost, duration, product quality, and the project’s success in general. The purpose of this study is to present a method for the formation of the project management methodology and illustrate its applicability on a software development project’s example.

Design/Methodology/Approach: In this study, we describe the method of project management methodology formation that allows the forming of a specialized methodology for any IT project considering the fuzziness of information about the project, its environment, and existing expert’s recommendations. The method involves 1) collecting baseline information using a questionnaire, 2) calculating weighted Hamming and Euclidean distances, 3) solving a three-criterion optimization problem using a minimax approach with fuzzy input data.

Results: All six stages of the project management methodology formation’s method (project evaluation, basis selection, alternative methodologies formation, methodology selection, methodology application, and methodology tailoring) were applied to form a specialized project management methodology for an IT project to increase the possibility of its success. The most appropriate alternative based on DSDM was selected and applied to manage the project.

Conclusions: The given method allows the forming of a specialized project management methodology based on the components of Generalized Body of Knowledge for any IT project considering specific conditions of the project and its environment.
The separation of microscale HA in aqueous solution by foam separation technique
Authors: Wenyao Shao , Xiao Gong , Shuming Cui , Ying Lin , Yinghua Lu , Yuqing Chen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has important applications in fields of health care products, cosmetics and clinical medical. However, the unique physiological properties of HA make cost of its traditional separation and extraction process relatively high. Foam separation technique has simple, gentle and efficient advantages on the separation of substances with surface activity by using bubbles as the separation medium. In this paper, natural surfactant CocamideBetaine (CAPB) was used as a foaming agent to explore the technology of microscale HA in aqueous solution by foam separation. The optimum process conditions were determined based on the recovery rate and enrichment ratio of HA by single factor and orthogonal experiment: at room temperature, pH = 7, separating air velocity (v) = 350 mL/min, HA concentration (CHA) = 50 mg/L, adding liquid volume (V) = 200 mL, collecting time (tcol) = 10 min, CAPB concentration (CCAPB) = 0.035 g/L. Under these conditions, HA enrichment ratio (E) equals 6.821 and HA recovery rate (R) equals 66.425%.
Application of Bioremediation Techniques as a Potent Input for the Decontamination of Bitumen-Polluted Water
Authors: Atojunere Eganoosi Esme , Ogedengbe Kolawole 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Large deposits of natural bitumen are found in some areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. Although the mineral is still unexploited, its seepage is enough to negatively influence the environment, especially water resources. This work was designed to determine the potential of four Bitumen Utilizing Microbes (BUM) for the purification of Bitumen-Polluted Water (BPW). BUM were screened differently with a control on the BPW drawn from the affected communities. The bitumen’s degradation was determined using a supplemented enrichment medium with a sample of the BPW, and the growth was monitored by taking temperature readings, pH values, the optical density at 600 nm, and the total viable count (TVC) on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 respectively. The bitumen removal rate varied with the time of the incubation until after the third week, when the lack of nutrients supposedly set in and toxic metabolites started building up, which slowed down the process. The BUMs were identified as Bacillus firmus, Bacillus lentus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus alvei. The bitumen removal trend showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa > Bacillus firmus >Bacillus lentus > Bacillus alvei and the control the least amount of removal.
Approaches, Methods and Tools of Rights of Access to Sunlight around the World
Authors: Hraška Jozef 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sunlight has always played an important role in the design of human settlements. Well-designed urban structures, especially in moderate or cold climates, should be assured of direct sunlight in indoor living spaces and also in public spaces. Direct sunlight in a built environment is an important factor for health and well-being, the effective functioning of solar systems, and sustainable construction. However, many problems involved in the exercise of rights of access to sunlight can arise when sunlight is obscured by a tall cityscape. Many states, regions, and cities regulate solar access, but solar rights and landowner rights are in a permanent conflict. The high urban density of many cities with tall skyscrapers accentuates the problem of the availability of sunlight. This paper presents a review of existing regulations and metrics for ensuring the availability of direct sunlight in buildings and of assessment methods that have been adopted in multiple countries and cities. Approaches, methods, and tools of rights of access to sunlight are critically analyzed. The paper also details experiences from former socialist countries where strict long-term strict on direct access to sunlight in flats were applied.
A Generalization of Difference Models of the Bittner Operational Calculus
Authors: Wysocki Hubert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the paper, there has been constructed a discrete model of the non-classical Bittner operational calculus with a derivative understood as the operation S

b
{x(k)} := {x(k+n) − b(k)x(k)}, which is a generalization of the n
th-order forward difference. It has also been pointed out that there is a possibility to generalize operational calculus models with backward and central differences of higher orders.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI NILAI, PERSEPSI RISIKO DAN SIKAP TERHADAP NIAT MEMBELI KEMBALI PADA MAKANAN CEPAT SAJI
Authors: Devi Ni Ketut Eugenia Shara , Aksari Ni Made Asti 
Published: January 2020

As the activities of modern society increases, fast food is an alternative for consumption in today’s instant era. This study aims to describe the influence of perceived value, perceived risk, and attitude on repurchase intention of fast food in quick service restaurants in Indonesia. The study samples consist of 100 Indonesians who have graduated from senior high school and have purchased and consumed fast food. Data were collected through online questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Square). Research result found that perceived value positively affect attitude, while perceived risk was found to negatively affect attitude. It indicates that the more value consumers received after purchasing and consuming fast food, their attitude towards fast food are more positive, on the other hand, the higher the risk consumers received, their attitude towards fast food becomes less positive. Attitude was found to positively affect repurchase intention of fast food.
Keywords: perceived value, perceived risk, attitude, repurchase intention, fast food.