bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Items for consideration in a reporting guideline for mediation analyses: a Delphi study
Authors: Cashin Aidan G , McAuley James H , Lamb Sallie , Hopewell Sally , Kamper Steven J , Williams Christopher M , Henschke Nicholas , Lee Hopin 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesMediation analysis is a widely used quantitative method for investigating how interventions and exposures in randomised controlled trials and observational studies have an effect on healthcare outcomes. This study aimed to assess the importance of items that should be considered in a consensus meeting aimed at developing a guideline for reporting mediation analyses.DesignInternational online Delphi study.ParticipantsInternational experts in the development and application of mediation analysis.Main outcome measuresThe Delphi panel were asked to rate the importance of a list of items for inclusion in a guideline for reporting mediation analyses. Thresholds for disagreement and consensus on importance for inclusion were specified a priori. We used the Research ANd Development/University of California Los Angeles appropriateness method to quantitatively assess the importance for inclusion and panel agreement.ResultsNineteen expert panellists (10 female) from seven countries agreed to participate. All panellists contributed to all three rounds conducted between 10 June 2019 and 6 November 2019. The panel reached consensus on 34 unique reporting items for study design, analytic procedures and effect estimates, with three items rated ‘optional’. Panellists added one extra item and provided 60 qualitative comments for item refinement and prioritisation.ConclusionThis Delphi study used a rigorous consensus process to reach consensus on 34 reporting items for studies that use mediation analysis. These results will inform a consensus meeting that will consolidate a core set of recommended items for reporting mediation analyses.
Which mechanisms explain the motivation of primary health workers? Insights from the realist evaluation of a maternal and child health programme in Nigeria
Authors: Ebenso Bassey , Mbachu Chinyere , Etiaba Enyi , Huss Reinhard , Manzano Ana , Onwujekwe Obinna , Uzochukwu Benjamin , Ezumah Nkoli , Ensor Timothy , Hicks Joseph Paul , Mirzoev Tolib 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionWell-trained, adequately skilled and motivated primary healthcare (PHC) workers are essential for attaining universal health coverage (UHC). While there is abundant literature on the drivers of workforce motivation, published knowledge on the mechanisms of motivation within different contexts is limited, particularly in resource-limited countries. This paper contributes to health workforce literature by reporting on how motivation works among PHC workers in a maternal and child health (MCH) programme in Nigeria.MethodsWe adopted a realist evaluation design combining document review with 56 in-depth interviews of PHC workers, facility managers and policy-makers to assess the impact of the MCH programme in Anambra State, Nigeria. A realist process of theory development, testing and consolidation was used to understand how and under what circumstances the MCH programme impacted on workers’ motivation and which mechanisms explain how motivation works. We drew on Herzberg’s two-factor and Adam’s equity theories to unpack how context shapes worker motivation.ResultsA complex and dynamic interaction between the MCH programme and organisational and wider contexts triggered five mechanisms which explain PHC worker motivation: (1) feeling supported, (2) feeling comfortable with work environment, (3) feeling valued, (4) morale and confidence to perform tasks and (5) companionship. Some mechanisms were mutually reinforcing while others operated in parallel. Other conditions that enabled worker motivation were organisational values of fairness, recognition of workers’ contributions and culture of task-sharing and teamwork.ConclusionsPolicy designs and management strategies for improving workforce performance, particularly in resource-constrained settings should create working environments that foster feelings of being valued and supported while enabling workers to apply their knowledge and skills to improve healthcare delivery and promote UHC. Future research can test the explanatory framework generated by this study and explore differences in motivational mechanisms among different cadres of PHC workers to inform cadre-related motivational interventions.
Adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 expression proteins levels are modified in breast cancer in postmenopausal women with obesity
Authors: Orozco-Arguelles Leticia , De los Santos Sergio , Tenorio-Torres Alberto , Méndez Juan Pablo , Leal-García Marcela , Coral-Vázquez Ramón , Vega-García Claudia , Bautista-Piña Verónica , Tejeda María Elena , Cárdenas-Cárdenas Eduardo , Canto Patricia 
Published: August 2020

AimTo analyse the expression of adiponectin (ADIPOQ), and its receptors ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2, in breast cancer tissue of postmenopausal women with different body mass indexes (BMIs).Subjects and methodsOne hundred and fifty postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women with breast cancer were included. BMI was determined in each case. To carry out qualitative and semiquantitative assessments of protein expression by immunohistochemistry, the H-Score method was used, through ImageJ's IHC Profiler software. Statistical power of the study was >80% with a p<0.05.ResultsFifty women had a normal BMI, 50 presented overweight and 50 had obesity. The expression of ADIPOQ in breast cancer tissue of postmenopausal woman with normal BMI was higher in comparison to women with overweight or with obesity (p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the expression of ADIPOR1 in breast cancer tissue of postmenopausal women with normal BMI was significantly lower when compared with women with overweight or with obesity (p=0.005 and p<0.001, respectively). Meanwhile, the expression of ADIPOR2 in breast cancer tissue, in the cytoplasm, was similar in all groups studied.ConclusionsWe found that women with overweight or obesity had a lower expression of ADIPOQ and a higher ADIPOR1 expression in breast cancer tissue, when compared with women with a normal BMI.
Violent crime, police presence and poor sleep in two low-income urban predominantly Black American neighbourhoods
Authors: Richardson Andrea S , Troxel Wendy M , Ghosh-Dastidar Madhumita , Hunter Gerald P , Beckman Robin , Collins Rebecca , Brooks Holliday Stephanie , Nugroho Alvin , Hale Lauren , Buysse Daniel J , Buman Matthew P , Dubowitz Tamara 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo examine violent crime in relation to sleep and explore pathways, including psychological distress, safety perceptions and perceived police presence, that may account for associations.MethodsIn 2018, 515 predominantly Black American (94%) adults (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA) provided survey data: actigraphy-assessed sleep duration and wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO). We estimated pathways from violent crime (2016–2018) to sleep through psychological distress, perceptions of safety and perceived adequacy of police presence.ResultsWASO was most strongly associated with violent crimes that were within 1/10 mile of the participant’s home and within the month preceding the interview. Violent crimes were associated with lower perceived safety (β=−0.13 (0.03), p<0.001) and greater WASO (β=5.96 (2.80), p=0.03). We observed no indirect associations between crime and either WASO or sleep duration through any of the tested mediators. Crime was not associated with sleep duration.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that more proximal and more recent violent crimes were associated with reduced perceived safety and worse WASO. Differential exposure to violent crime among Black Americans may contribute to health disparities by reducing residents’ perceived safety and sleep health.
Exome sequencing of 112 trios identifies recessive genetic variants in brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Zhang Mingqi , Ding Xinghuan , Zhang Qianqian , Liu Jian , Zhang Yisen , Zhang Ying , Tian Zhongbin , Li Wenqiang , Zhu Wei , Kang Huibin , Wang Zhongxiao , Wu Xinzhi , Wang Chao , Yang Xinjian , Wang Kun 
Published: August 2020

Background
Brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) is a main cause of cerebral hemorrhage and hemorrhagic stroke in adolescents. Morphologically, a BAVM is an abnormal connection between cerebrovascular arteries and veins. The genetic etiology of BAVMs has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aim to investigate potential recessive genetic variants in BAVMs by interrogation of rare compound heterozygous variants.

Methods
We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on 112 BAVM trios and analyzed the data for rare and deleterious compound heterozygous mutations associated with the disease.

Results

We identified 16 genes with compound heterozygous variants that were recurrent in more than one trio. Two genes (
LRP2, MUC5B
) were recurrently mutated in three trios.
LRP2
has been previously associated with BAVM pathogenesis. Fourteen genes (
MYLK
,
HSPG2
,
PEAK1
,
PIEZO1
,
PRUNE2
,
DNAH14
,
DNAH5
,
FCGBP
,
HERC2
,
HMCN1
,
MYH1
,
NHSL1
,
PLEC
,
RP1L1
) were recurrently mutated in two trios, and five of these genes (
MYLK
,
HSPG2
,
PEAK1
,
PIEZO1
,
PRUNE2
) have been reported to play a role in angiogenesis or vascular diseases. Additionally, abnormal expression of the MYLK protein is related to spinal arteriovenous malformations.

Conclusion
Our study indicates that rare recessive compound heterozygous variants may underlie cases of BAVM. These findings improve our understanding of BAVM pathology and indicate genes for functional validation.
Arthritis-related work outcomes experienced by younger to middle-aged adults: a systematic review
Authors: Berkovic Danielle , Briggs Andrew M , Ayton Darshini , Parker Catriona , Ackerman Ilana 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this review was to systematically identify, appraise and synthesise evidence on work-related outcomes experienced by younger to middle-aged adults (aged 16–50 years) with arthritis.MethodsEligible studies were identified in Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL in January 2020. Quantitative and qualitative studies containing self-reported data on work-related outcomes on younger/middle-aged adults with arthritis were included. Quality assessment was undertaken using validated quality appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute.ResultsThirty-four studies were identified for inclusion. Work outcomes were organised around five themes: (1) arthritis-related work productivity outcomes, (2) arthritis-related work participation outcomes, (3) other arthritis-related workplace outcomes, (4) barriers to work participation associated with arthritis and (5) enablers to work participation associated with arthritis. Arthritis was associated with work limitations on the Workplace Activity Limitations Scale (average scores ranging from 5.9 (indicating moderate workplace difficulty) to 9.8 (considerable workplace difficulty)), and higher work disability prevalence rates (range: 6%–80%) relative to healthy populations. Arthritis was not associated with decreased absenteeism on the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (mean (SD) 7.9% (14.0%)), indicating low levels of absenteeism, similar to healthy populations. As work outcomes were commonly binary, person-centred (qualitative) perspectives on barriers and enablers augmented the quantitative findings.ConclusionArthritis is commonly associated with poorer work outcomes for younger/middle-aged adults relative to healthy populations. Additional research focusing solely on the workplace needs of younger/middle-aged population groups is required to inform tailored interventions and workplace support initiatives to maximise productive working years.
Genital HSV-1 DNA detection is associated with a low inflammatory profile in HIV-uninfected South African women
Authors: Mtshali Andile , Ngcapu Sinaye , Osman Farzana , Garrett Nigel , Singh Ravesh , Rompalo Anne , Mindel Adrian , Liebenberg Lenine J P 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesGenital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are common in South Africa and worldwide. While HSV-2 is known to cause genital lesions, HSV-1 is better known to cause oral infections. Due to the global rise in genital HSV-1 infections, we aimed to compare the genital cytokine environment associated with HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections and their relation to the proinflammatory genital immune environment associated with HIV risk in African women.MethodsHSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA were detected by quantitative real-time PCR in menstrual cup specimens collected from 251 HIV-negative women participating in the CAPRISA 083 study in Durban, South Africa. HSV shedding was defined as detection at >150 copies/mL. Forty-eight cytokines were measured in genital fluid by multiplexed ELISA, and multivariable regression models determined associations between genital cytokines and HSV DNA detection.ResultsHSV-1 DNA detection (24/251 (9.6%)) and shedding (13/24 (54.2%)) was more common than HSV-2 (detection in 14/251 (5.6%), shedding in 0/14). None of the women with detectable HSV had evidence of genital lesions. HSV-2 DNA detection was associated with increased interleukin (IL)−18 and decreased cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine concentrations, but only in univariable analysis. By contrast, in both univariable and multivariable analyses, the detection of HSV-1 DNA was associated with reduced concentrations of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, IL-7, IL-4, platelet-derived growth factor-ββ and five proinflammatory cytokines associated with HIV risk: IL-6, IL-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)−1α, MIP-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α.ConclusionsThat HSV-1 DNA was more commonly detected and shed than HSV-2 emphasises the need for clinical screening of both viruses, not just HSV-2 in young women. Efforts to reduce genital inflammation may need to consider implementing additional strategies to mitigate a rise in HSV replication.
Spin response function technique in spin-transparent synchrotrons
Authors: Filatov Y. N. , Kondratenko A. M. , Kondratenko M. A. , Derbenev Y. S. , Morozov V. S. , Kovalenko A. D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSmall perturbative fields in a synchrotron influence both the spin and orbital motion of a stored beam. Their effect on the beam polarization consists of two contributions, a direct kick and an effect of the ring lattice due to orbit perturbation. Spin response function is an analytic technique to account for both contributions. We develop such a technique for the spin-transparent synchrotrons where the design spin motion is degenerate. Several perspective applications are illustrated or discussed. In particular, we consider the questions of the influence of lattice imperfections on the spin dynamics and spin manipulation during an experiment. The presented results are of a direct relevance to NICA (JINR), RHIC (BNL), EIC (BNL) and other existing and future colliders when they arranged with polarization control in the spin-transparent mode.
Thermal features of Barrow corrected-entropy black hole formulation
Authors: Abreu Everton M. C. , Neto Jorge Ananias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThrough the last years, it was demonstrated that quantum corrections of entropy, represented by logarithmic and power law corrections terms, constituted an association between semi-classical entropic areas and the curvature correction in Einstein–Hilbert’s Lagrangian and vice-versa. Loop quantum gravity approach provided the logarithmic corrections, which arises from quantum and thermal equilibrium fluctuations. On the other hand, Barrow’s entropy was introduced from the fact that the black hole surface can be modified due to quantum gravitational effects. The new exponent $$\Delta $$Δ that appears in Barrow’s entropy is a measure of this perturbation. In this letter we have analyzed the thermodynamical effects of the quantum fluctuations upon the geometry of a Barrow’s black hole. We demonstrated that new formulations of the equipartition law, which corresponds to the horizon energy, can be constructed from both entropic formalisms. Besides, we have calculated the heat capacity for both formulations and we discussed their thermal viability. We have also establish a condition on one of the constant pre-factors of the logarithmic correction.
Efficient Identification of k-Closed Strings
Authors: Alamro Hayam , Alzamel Mai , Iliopoulos Costas S. , Pissis Solon P. , Sung Wing-Kin , Watts Steven 
Published: August 2020

A closed string contains a proper factor occurring as both a prefix and a suffix but not elsewhere in the string. Closed strings were introduced by Fici (WORDS 2011) as objects of combinatorial interest. This paper addresses a new problem by extending the closed string problem to the [Formula: see text]-closed string problem, for which a level of approximation is permitted up to a number of Hamming distance errors, set by the parameter [Formula: see text].We address the problem of deciding whether or not a given string of length [Formula: see text] over an integer alphabet is [Formula: see text]-closed and additionally specifying the border resulting in the string being [Formula: see text]-closed. Specifically, we present an [Formula: see text]-time and [Formula: see text]-space algorithm to achieve this along with the pseudocode of an implementation and proof-of-concept experimental results.
Effects of removing temperature of reduction gas on the luminescence characteristics of Li2BaSiO4:0.003EU2+ green phosphor
Authors: Li Jie , Lu Yang-Ming , Yang Qing-Hao , Yang Cheng-Fu 
Published: August 2020

We had successfully synthesized green-emitting phosphors based on Li2BaSiO4 material activated by bivalent europium ions (Eu[Formula: see text]) using a solid-state reaction method in a reducing gas environment and investigated their luminescence properties. The Li2BaSiO4:0.003Eu[Formula: see text] (LSB-Eu) phosphors were synthesized at 850[Formula: see text]C for 1 h, and the reduction gas was removed at 500[Formula: see text]C, 600[Formula: see text]C, 700[Formula: see text]C and 800[Formula: see text]C, respectively. XRD pattern showed that the Li2BaSiO4, Ba2SiO4 and Li4SiO4 phases were observed in the synthesized Li2BaSiO4 composition. As the reduction gas was removed at 800[Formula: see text]C, the LSB-Eu phosphor emitted a weak red light rather than a green light. Two weak emission peaks were found at about 588 nm and 613 nm corresponding to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] transitions. As temperature to remove the reduction gas was lower than 800[Formula: see text]C, the emission spectra of LSB-Eu phosphors reveled a broad peak centered at 501 nm, which emitted a green color. The intensity of photoluminescence excitation (PLE) photoluminescence emission (PL) spectra increased as the removing temperature was decreased from 700[Formula: see text]C to 500[Formula: see text]C and saturated at 500[Formula: see text]C. These results show that LSB-Eu can be a noteworthy candidate of green-emitting phosphor for the investigation of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs).
Characteristics and Outcomes for Secondary Breast Cancer in Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer Survivors Treated with Radiation
Authors: Sauder Candice A.M. , Li Qian , Othieno Alisha , Cruz Daisy , Arora Mili , Bold Richard J. , Meyers Fredrick J. , Keegan Theresa H.M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
Radiotherapy is used to treat many adolescent and young adult (AYA) and childhood cancer patients and is a risk factor for secondary breast cancer. While premenopausal breast cancer is inherently more aggressive, no studies to date have evaluated the characteristics and breast cancer–specific survival (BCSS) of premenopausal secondary breast cancer after radiotherapy in AYA and childhood cancer survivors.

Methods:
Female patients ages 12 to 50 diagnosed with primary breast cancer from 1988 to 2014 (n = 107,751) were obtained from the California Cancer Registry and compared with similar aged patients with secondary breast cancer who were treated with radiotherapy for their primary tumor (n = 1,147) from ages 12 to 39. We examined BCSS using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results:
The secondary breast cancer cohort was more likely to be Hispanic or Black, be 35 to 45 years of age, have earlier stage tumors, be higher grade, have no lymph node involvement, and be hormone receptor negative. All women showed worse BCSS for large tumor size, lymph node involvement, and hormone receptor–negative status. BCSS was worse for women with secondary breast cancer both overall (hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.77–2.23) and in all subgroups considered. Associations were most pronounced in Hispanics, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and younger women, as well as those with earlier stage, lymph node–negative, and hormone receptor–positive disease.

Conclusions:
BCSS is significantly decreased among all survivors of childhood and AYA cancer treated with radiotherapy that develop a secondary breast cancer, including women with good prognostic features.

Impact:
Therefore, we may need to consider alternative and even more aggressive treatment in what were considered low-risk populations previously.
Immunomodulatory Activity of a Colony-stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Inhibitor in Patients with Advanced Refractory Breast or Prostate Cancer: A Phase I Study
Authors: Autio Karen A. , Klebanoff Christopher A. , Schaer David , Kauh John Sae Wook , Slovin Susan F. , Adamow Matthew , Blinder Victoria S. , Brahmachary Manisha , Carlsen Michelle , Comen Elizabeth , Danila Daniel C. , Doman Thompson N. , Durack Jeremy C. , Fox Josef J. , Gluskin Jill S. , Hoffman David M. , Kang Suhyun , Kang Praneet , Landa Jonathan , McAndrew Philomena F. , Modi Shanu , Morris Michael J. , Novosiadly Ruslan , Rathkopf Dana E. , Sanford Rachel , Chapman Sonya C. , Tate Courtney M. , Yu Danni , Wong Phillip , McArthur Heather L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Tumor-associated macrophages correlate with increased invasiveness, growth, and immunosuppression. Activation of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) results in proliferation, differentiation, and migration of monocytes/macrophages. This phase I study evaluated the immunologic and clinical activity, and safety profile of CSF-1R inhibition with the mAb LY3022855.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with advanced refractory metastatic breast cancer (MBC) or metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were treated with LY3022855 intravenously in 6-week cycles in cohorts: (A) 1.25 mg/kg every 2 weeks (Q2W); (B) 1.0 mg/kg on weeks 1, 2, 4, and 5; (C) 100 mg once weekly; (D)100 mg Q2W. mCRPC patients were enrolled in cohorts A and B; patients with MBC were enrolled in all cohorts. Efficacy was assessed by RECIST and Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 2 criteria.

Results:
Thirty-four patients (22 MBC; 12 mCRPC) received ≥1 dose of LY3022855. At day 8, circulating CSF-1 levels increased and proinflammatory monocytes CD14DIMCD16BRIGHT decreased. Best RECIST response was stable disease in five patients with MBC (23%; duration, 82–302 days) and three patients with mCRPC (25%; duration, 50–124 days). Two patients with MBC (cohort A) had durable stable disease &gt;9 months and a third patient with MBC had palpable reduction in a nontarget neck mass. Immune-related gene activation in tumor biopsies posttreatment was observed. Common any grade treatment-related adverse events were fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, asymptomatic increased lipase, and creatine phosphokinase.

Conclusions:
LY3022855 was well tolerated and showed evidence of immune modulation. Clinically meaningful stable disease &gt;9 months was observed in two patients with MBC.