bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiogenesis after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Wu Xuekun , Reboll Marc R , Korf-Klingebiel Mortimer , Wollert Kai C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) inflicts massive injury to the coronary microcirculation leading to vascular disintegration and capillary rarefication in the infarct region. Tissue repair after MI involves a robust angiogenic response that commences in the infarct border zone and extends into the necrotic infarct core. Technological advances in several areas have provided novel mechanistic understanding of postinfarction angiogenesis and how it may be targeted to improve heart function after MI. Cell lineage tracing studies indicate that new capillary structures arise by sprouting angiogenesis from pre-existing endothelial cells (ECs) in the infarct border zone with no meaningful contribution from non-EC sources. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows that ECs in infarcted hearts may be grouped into clusters with distinct gene expression signatures, likely reflecting functionally distinct cell populations. EC-specific multicolour lineage tracing reveals that EC subsets clonally expand after MI. Expanding EC clones may arise from tissue-resident ECs with stem cell characteristics that have been identified in multiple organs including the heart. Tissue repair after MI involves interactions among multiple cell types which occur, to a large extent, through secreted proteins and their cognate receptors. While we are only beginning to understand the full complexity of this intercellular communication, macrophage and fibroblast populations have emerged as major drivers of the angiogenic response after MI. Animal data support the view that the endogenous angiogenic response after MI can be boosted to reduce scarring and adverse left ventricular remodelling. The improved mechanistic understanding of infarct angiogenesis therefore creates multiple therapeutic opportunities. During preclinical development, all proangiogenic strategies should be tested in animal models that replicate both cardiovascular risk factor(s) and the pharmacotherapy typically prescribed to patients with acute MI. Considering that the majority of patients nowadays do well after MI, clinical translation will require careful selection of patients in need of proangiogenic therapies.
Regional and global contributions of air pollution to risk of death from COVID-19
Authors: Pozzer Andrea , Dominici Francesca , Haines Andy , Witt Christian , Münzel Thomas , Lelieveld Jos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
The risk of mortality from the coronavirus disease that emerged in 2019 (COVID-19) is increased by comorbidity from cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Air pollution also causes excess mortality from these conditions. Analysis of the first severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) outcomes in 2003, and preliminary investigations of those for SARS-CoV-2 since 2019, provide evidence that the incidence and severity are related to ambient air pollution. We estimated the fraction of COVID-19 mortality that is attributable to the long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate air pollution.

Methods and results
We characterized global exposure to fine particulates based on satellite data, and calculated the anthropogenic fraction with an atmospheric chemistry model. The degree to which air pollution influences COVID-19 mortality was derived from epidemiological data in the USA and China. We estimate that particulate air pollution contributed ∼15% (95% confidence interval 7–33%) to COVID-19 mortality worldwide, 27% (13 – 46%) in East Asia, 19% (8–41%) in Europe, and 17% (6–39%) in North America. Globally, ∼50–60% of the attributable, anthropogenic fraction is related to fossil fuel use, up to 70–80% in Europe, West Asia, and North America.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that air pollution is an important cofactor increasing the risk of mortality from COVID-19. This provides extra motivation for combining ambitious policies to reduce air pollution with measures to control the transmission of COVID-19.
Effect on the donor lungs of using abdominal normothermic regional perfusion in controlled donation after circulatory death
Authors: Tanaka Shin , Luis Campo-Cañaveral de la Cruz Jose , Crowley Carrasco Silvana , Romero Román Alejandra , Hoyos Mejía Lucas , Manuel NaranjoGómez Jose , Córdoba Peláez Mar , Sánchez Calle Álvaro , Gil Barturen Mariana , Pérez Redondo Marina , García Fadul Christian , Varela de Ugarte Andrés , Gómez-de-Antonio David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) donors are becoming a common source of organs for transplantation globally. However, the graft survival rate of cDCD abdominal organs is inferior to that of organs from brain-dead donors. The rapid retrieval (RR) technique is used by most donor organ procurement teams. The abdominal normothermic regional perfusion (A-NRP) technique has been implemented to minimize warm ischaemic damage to the abdominal organs. However, there is limited information on the effect of A-NRP on the quality of the donor lungs. This study aimed to compare lung transplantation outcomes using lungs procured from cDCD donors using the A-NRP and abdominal RR techniques.

METHODS
A single-centre retrospective analysis of consecutive transplant recipients of cDCD lungs from June 2013 to December 2019 was performed. The recipients were divided into 2 cohorts according to the abdominal procurement technique used. The recipient and donor characteristics (age, sex, cause of brain injury, warm ischaemic time, diagnosis, lung allocation score and other factors), incidence of primary graft dysfunction and early survival were monitored.

RESULTS
Twenty-eight consecutive lung transplantation recipients were identified (median age 59 years; 61% male); 14 recipients received lungs using the A-NRP and 14 using abdominal RR for abdominal organ retrieval. There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics, primary graft dysfunction (P = 0.70), hospital mortality (P = 1.0) and 1-year survival rate (P = 1.0) between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
No difference was observed in lung transplantation outcomes irrespective of the abdominal organ procurement technique used (A-NRP or abdominal RR).
Drug Use Disorders and Violence: Associations With Individual Drug Categories
Authors: Zhong Shaoling , Yu Rongqin , Fazel Seena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We conducted a systematic review that examined the link between individual drug categories and violent outcomes. We searched for primary case-control and cohort investigations that reported risk of violence against others among individuals diagnosed with drug use disorders using validated clinical criteria, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. We identified 18 studies published during 1990–2019, reporting data from 591,411 individuals with drug use disorders. We reported odds ratios of the violence risk in different categories of drug use disorders compared with those without. We found odds ratios ranging from 0.8 to 25.0 for most individual drug categories, with generally higher odds ratios among individuals with polydrug use disorders. In addition, we explored sources of between-study heterogeneity by subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Cohort investigations reported a lower risk of violence than case-control reports (odds ratio = 2.7 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1, 3.5) vs. 6.6 (95% CI: 5.1, 8.6)), and associations were stronger when the outcome was any violence rather than intimate partner violence (odds ratio = 5.7 (95% CI: 3.8, 8.6) vs. 1.7 (95% CI: 1.4, 2.1)), which was consistent with results from the meta-regression. Overall, these findings highlight the potential impact of preventing and treating drug use disorders on reducing violence risk and associated morbidities.
The needs of pregnant women and their significant others regarding professional smoking cessation support
Authors: Weiland S , Warmelink J C , Peters L L , Berger M Y , Erwich J J H M , Jansen D E M C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the health risks of smoking, some women continue smoking during pregnancy. Professional smoking cessation support (SCS) has shown to be effective in increasing the proportion of women who quit smoking during pregnancy. However, few women actually make use of professional SCS. The aim of this study is to investigate the needs of women and their partners for professional SCS.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were held with pregnant women and recent mothers who smoked or quit smoking during pregnancy, and their partners, living in the North of the Netherlands. Recruitment was done via Facebook, LinkedIn, food banks, baby stores and healthcare professionals. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analyzed.

Results
28 interviews were conducted, 23 with pregnant women and recent mothers, and five with partners of the women. The following themes were identified: 1) Understanding women's needs, 2) Responsibility without criticism, and 3) Women and their social network. These themes reflect that women need support from an involved and understanding healthcare professional, who holds women responsible for smoking cessation but refrains from criticism. Women also prefer involvement of their social network in the professional support.

Conclusions
For tailored support, the guideline for professional SCS may need some adaptations, and women and their partners should be involved in the development of future guidelines. Women prefer healthcare professionals to address smoking cessation in a neutral way and to respect their autonomy in the decision to stop smoking.
Strengthening core competences of medical and public health students for public health emergencies
Authors: Petráková A , Príkazský V , Kollárová H , Fundano N , Asswad A Ghazal , Khan H , Holm S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The importance of public health capacity development with a focus on public health emergencies and humanitarian assistance is continuously increasing at the global scale. In the time of Public Health Emergencies of International Concern is crucial to provide basic training in core public health competences to all health professionals, including students. Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic (full ASPHER member), implemented in medical as well as public health curricula new topics focused on core competences of health professionals in the area of public health emergencies and humanitarian assistance.

Objectives
To strengthen competences and skills of medical as well as public health students to prepare them better for public health emergencies and humanitarian assistance in the time of increasing risk of global public health emergencies. New modules were proposed and tested in all education programmes at our Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc (CZ): General Medicine (Czech and English programmes), Dentistry (Czech and English programmes) and Public Health (Czech programme).

Results
New modules on Public Health Emergencies, including preparedness, responses, risk management and risk communication were successfully tested in all education programmes during the academic year 2018/19 and fully implemented for the academic year 2019/20. New module has blended learning structure based on combination of face-to-face seminars and exercises with e-learning parts, including self-assessment. New module is presented in details.

Conclusions
This new education module fully supports international recommendations to strengthen public health competences and skills of medical as well as public health students to be ready for any unexpected public health emergencies at all levels, in particular at the local community level. COVID-19 pandemic confirmed.
Supported by university project CZ.02.69/0.0/16_015/0002337

Key messages
Medical and public health students with competences and skills on public health emergencies and humanitarian assistance will be an asset for any public health emergency of international concern. New education module on public health emergencies will support both medical and public health students to be prepared for risk communication, advocacy and action if needed and called to action.
Chronic kidney disease in migrant and non-migrant populations: data from an Italian regional project
Authors: Gibertoni D , Mandreoli M , Santoro A , Gherardi G , Fantini M P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The proportion of migrants among incident patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Emilia-Romagna region is steadily increasing. Inequalities in access to health services and in outcomes between non-migrant and migrant patients already known in the literature are found also for those affected by CKD. We compared migrants' groups and Italian patients to provide evidence which may be useful to public health professionals and nephrologists for migrant patients' management.

Methods
Italian and migrant patients followed up in PIRP (a regional project devised to delay progression to kidney failure in subjects with CKD) were identified. Migrants were grouped by geographical area of origin and compared to Italians by means of descriptive statistics and survival analysis.

Results
As of 30.4.2020, migrants account for 3.1% (n = 955/30523) of all PIRP patients and 4.2% (n = 481/11335) of prevalent patients; their proportion among incident patients grew from 1.0% in 2004 to 5.5% in 2019. All areas of origin were adequately represented, from 6.4% of East Asia to 26.1% of East Europe. Wide differences were found for: age at first visit (Italians=73.1 years vs. Sub-Saharians=47.7), proportion of males (75.0% for South Asians to 49.6% of East Europeans), diabetes (from 45.1% in East Asians to 19.4% in Sub-Saharians), comorbidities and type of nephropathy. Italians had the smallest median annual eGFR decrease (-1.0 ml/min), while the largest were found in migrants from East Asia (-2.2) and Arab States (-2.5). 5-year survival to renal death (dialysis or transplantation) was lower in South Asians (51.4%) than in Latino-Americans (85.3%) and Italians (85.0%).

Conclusions
Migrant chronic kidney disease patients have widely different features and outcomes compared to non-migrants and among migrant subgroups. Our findings pave the way to further investigation, whose results may be essential to tailor surveillance and treatment programs on specific groups of migrants.

Key messages
Among chronic kidney disease patients, non-migrants and migrants exhibit different clinical characteristics and outcomes, and thus require different surveillance and treatment approaches. Future research should analyze the causes of disparities between migrant and non-migrant chronic kidney disease patients, specifically focusing on those related to inequalities in access to healthcare.
Health promoting pharmacies in Northern-Italy: more than drugstores
Authors: Brunelli L , Morsanutto A , Tosolini M , Iob A , Schiava F , Degrassi L , Pancino C , Andreatti M , Tonutti G , Brusaferro S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Issue
In Friuli Venezia-Giulia Region (Italy), accessibility to health services can be substantially influenced by the geographical context. In fact, during recent years, at-risk inhabitants of mountain villages were less likely to be vaccinated against flu in comparison with other areas. To tackle inequalities, local pharmacies were identified as a proximity health promotion network to be engaged in the 2019/2020 flu vaccination campaign.

Description
Within the mountainous Carnia District, 43 pharmacists from 25 pharmacies were trained before the campaign to promote flu shot uptake through counseling in over 65 and high-risk subjects. After counseling, subjects were directed to General Practitioners who performed vaccine administration and registration. Anti-flu counseling offered by pharmacists was traced and vaccine coverage against influenza among target categories was considered as the principal outcome. A reward was granted to pharmacies in relation to flu vaccine conversions among counseled subjects.

Results
Between October 2019 and January 2020, a total of 2,748 counseling sessions with people accessing pharmacies for any reason were conducted. Within Carnia District, flu vaccine was administered to 6,484 out of 10,895 (59.5%) over 65 subjects in comparison with 5,569/10,251 (54.3%) who got their flu shot during the 2018/19 flu season, achieving an improvement of + 5.2%. This result exceeded the regional global outcome reaching +2.2%, being the best among all districts. In particular, in comparison with the previous year, +10.2% over 65 and +37.8% at-risk subjects were vaccinated against flu in Carnia District.

Lessons
Pharmacies played an important role in promoting flu vaccination locally, and proved their potential contribution in tackling inequalities related to difficult contexts. The collaboration of health professionals, including pharmacists, should be taken into consideration to improve health promotion and health services access.

Key messages
Pharmacies are trustworthy healthcare system access points for people, therefore their role in health promotion should be fostered. Pharmacists can help in improving flu shot uptake in contexts where health service access is hindered.
Strengthening implementation of antimicrobial resistance national action plans
Authors: Anderson M , Schulze K , Cassini A , Plauchoras D , Mossialos E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major challenges of our time. Countries use national action plans as a mechanism to build engagement among stakeholders and coordinate a range of actions across human, animal, and environmental health. However, implementation of recommended policies such as stewardship of antimicrobials, infection prevention and control, and stimulating research and development of novel antimicrobials and alternatives remains inconsistent. Improving the quality of governance within antimicrobial resistance national action plans is an essential step to improving implementation. To date, no systematic approach to governance of national action plans on AMR exists. To address this issue, we aimed to develop the first governance framework to offer guidance for both the development and assessment of national action plans on AMR. We reviewed health system governance framework reviews to inform the basic structure of our framework, international guidance documents from WHO, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Organisation for Animal Health, and the European Commission, and sought the input of 25 experts from international organisations, government ministries, policy institutes, and academic institutions to develop and refine our framework. The framework consists of 18 domains with 52 indicators that are contained within three governance areas: policy design, implementation tools, and monitoring and evaluation. Countries must engage with a cyclical process of continuous design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation to achieve these aims.
Health Literacy Policy in Israel – Culturally Appropriate Health Systems
Authors: Levin-Zamir D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The diverse culture in Israel created the need for developing and implementing a national policy for culturally and linguistically appropriate health services. The need stems from trends in immigration to Israel, various levels of religiosity, and the ethnic diversity of the veteran population. Health literacy plays a prominent role in this policy.

Methods
A national policy directive was developed and disseminated by the Israel Ministry of Health calling for culturally appropriate health information to the public, communication while receiving healthcare including ongoing staff training, health promotion intervention, and research for needs assessment.

Results
The national policy has been implemented for the past five years in primary care, hospitals and non-governmental health organizations. Cultural health liaisons have been integrated into primary healthcare teams in over 30 community clinics caring for Ethiopian immigrants, telephone translation services are available for Amaharic/Tigrinia, Russian and Arabic speaking communities, quality healthcare standards defined on topics such as of diabetes, and training of staff on cultural sensitivity continuously conducted. Culturally appropriate printed and digital sources of health information are available for diverse ethnic and religious communities. Appropriate health promotion intervention is routinely implemented on healthy lifestyle, early detection, and self-care, focusing mainly on NCDs and system navigation, supported by applied research and evaluation.

Conclusions
The policy implementation was the result of significant investment by stakeholders at all levels and requires support for sustainability regarding health literacy, health behaviour and health outcomes. Resource allocation is necessary for assessment and outcome measurement, and for applying more participatory methods for policy development, training, implementation and evaluation.
A National Position Paper: Health Literacy from a Structural Perspective-A path to equity in health?
Authors: Terkildsen Maindal H , Vinther-Jensen K , Sørensen K , Bertram M , Aaby A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Health literacy (HL) as an enabler of health equity and health promotion. HL is closely linked to other social determinants of health such as age, sex, education, social status and ethnicity. HL responsiveness is the degree to which systems or organizations make it easier for people to navigate, understand, and use information and services. HL can be enhanced through individual support, by targeting the responsiveness of the health professional workforce, or by taking a structural or organizational HL perspective.

Methods
In Denmark, the HL Network, which is part of Danish Society for Public Health, developed a position paper for approaching HL from a structural level. In 2018-2019 a rapid literature review was conducted followed by three different methodologies: (i) stakeholder meetings, (ii) expert interviews (policy, practice, research) and (iii) thematic meeting focusing on different dimension of the initial recommendation for the position paper, which was published at the National Conference for Public Health.

Results
In the position paper eight recommendations were developed to improve HL in Denmark from a structural perspective. The recommendations overall aim to prevent low HL and its consequences by targeting health services at the organizational level. The recommendations are: Integrate HL into Danish health policies and strategiesDevelop HL throughout the life courseInclude HL in health education curriculaIntegrate HL at organizational levelsIntegrate HL into partnership and co-creation processesMeasure and monitor HL using local and national dataDevelop, test and evaluate HL interventionsConsider HL in all forms of health communication

Conclusions
The recommendations can support the integration of a health literate thinking into current national health strategies, including the ongoing efforts to achieve the 17 UN Global SDGs, and thereby contribute to the equitable distribution of health in the Danish population.