bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Mobile Computer Terminal Configuration and Level of Driving Control on Police Officers’ Performance and Workload
Authors: Shupsky Taylor , Lyman Adriana , He Jibo , Zahabi Maryam 
Published: March 2020

Objective The objective of this study was to assess police officers’ performance and workload in using two mobile computer terminal (MCT) configurations under operational and tactical driving conditions. Background Crash reports have identified in-vehicle distraction to be a major cause of law enforcement vehicle crashes. The MCT has been found to be the most frequently used in-vehicle technology and the main source of police in-vehicle distraction. Method Twenty police officers participated in a driving simulator-based assessment of driving behavior, task completion time, and perceived workload with two MCT configurations under operational and tactical levels of driving. Results The findings revealed that using the MCT configuration with speech-based data entry and head-up display location while driving improved driving performance, decreased task completion time, and reduced police officers’ workload as compared to the current MCT configuration used by police departments. Officers had better driving but worse secondary task performance under the operational driving as compared to the tactical driving condition. Conclusion This study provided an empirical support for use of an enhanced MCT configuration in police vehicles to improve police officers’ safety and performance. In addition, the findings emphasize the need for more training to improve officers’ tactical driving skills and multitasking behavior. Application The findings provide guidelines for vehicle manufacturers, MCT developers, and police agencies to improve the design and implementation of MCTs in police vehicles considering input modality and display eccentricity, which are expected to increase officer and civilian safety.
Maternal alcohol intakes before and during pregnancy: Impact on the mother and infant outcome to 18 months
Authors: McDonald Barry William , Watson Patricia Ellyett 
Published: March 2020

Aim: To investigate maternal alcohol intakes before and during pregnancy, their impact on mothers and infants to 18 months. Method: Prospective study of 504 New Zealand volunteers visited in months 4 and 7 of pregnancy, measurements taken, lifestyle details recorded including alcohol intake before and during pregnancy. Eighteen months after birth, 370 infants were measured, and infant development recorded. Results: Nineteen per cent of mothers never drank, 53% stopped when they knew they were pregnant, 29% continued to drink. Twenty-two per cent of drinkers binge drank (over 50 g alcohol per session) before pregnancy and 10% during pregnancy. Daily drinking was associated with increased obesity in mothers. Alcohol consumption before or during pregnancy was not associated with infant motor development, had a slight negative effect on growth, and a significant association with vocal ability to 18 months. Energy intake appeared to partially moderate this effect. Conclusion: Maternal alcohol consumption exceeding 50 g per session both before and during pregnancy was associated with decreasing vocal ability in the 18-month old infant.
Improving measurement of harms from others’ drinking: A key informant study on type and severity of harm
Authors: Stanesby Oliver , Gmel Gerhard , Graham Kathryn , Greenfield Thomas K , Waleewong Orratai , Wilsnack Sharon C 
Published: March 2020

Aims: Survey items for measuring harms experienced from others' drinking (AHTO) have been developed primarily to measure type of harm and not severity. However, some type of harms may produce more negative effects than others. We aimed to compare the perceived severity of a comprehensive list of AHTO items to assess consistency in subjective ratings of severity, facilitate a more nuanced analysis and identify strategies to improve measurement of AHTO in epidemiological surveys. Methods: Thirty-six leaders of national alcohol surveys (conducted between 1997 and 2016) from 23 countries rated the typical severity of negative effects on the victim of each of 48 types of AHTO using a scale from zero (no negative effect) to 10 (very severe negative effect). The survey leaders were also asked to provide open-ended feedback about each harm and the severity-rating task generally. Results: Of 48 harm items, five were classified as extreme severity (mean rating ≥ 8), 17 as high (≥ 6 < 8), 25 as moderate (≥ 4 < 6), and one as low (≤ 4). We used two-way random effects models to estimate absolute agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (AA-ICC) and consistency of agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (CA-ICC). Results showed that there was fair to excellent absolute agreement and consistency of agreement among experts’ ratings of the severity of harms from others’ drinking (single measures CA-ICC = 0.414, single measures AA-ICC = 0.325; average CA-ICC = 0.940, average AA-ICC = 0.914). Harms to children, and harms causing physical, financial, practical, or severe emotional impacts were rated most severe. Conclusions: When designing new AHTO surveys and conducting analyses of existing data, researchers should pay close attention to harms with high perceived severity to identify effective ways to prevent severe AHTO and reduce the negative health and social impacts of AHTO. By inquiring into experts' views on survey items, this analysis involves a first scoping of the sort of questions that should be taken into consideration. In-depth analyses of specific sub-sets of harms and qualitative interviews with victims of severe AHTO are likely to help along this work in the future.
Copper promotion of myocardial regeneration
Authors: Xiao Ying , Wang Tao , Song Xin , Yang Dan , Chu Qing , Kang Y James 
Published: March 2020

Myocardial regeneration is the key to the functional recovery of ischemic heart. Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in myocardial regeneration by resetting a rejuvenation microenvironment under ischemic conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is the predominant transcription factor in the regulation of angiogenesis. In prolonged myocardial infarction, HIF-1α, the critical subunit of HIF-1, is accumulated in the infarcted myocardium, but fails to activate angiogenesis, suggesting a missing of a critical factor in the HIF-1 regulation of angiogenesis. Copper is involved in multiple steps of HIF-1 regulation of target gene expression. However, copper is deprived during myocardial ischemic injury, leading to deactivation of HIF-1-regulated angiogenesis. Multiple approaches are applied to increasing copper availability in the ischemic heart, effectively reactivating transcription of HIF-1 target angiogenic genes. Copper-induced angiogenesis thus reconstructs the conduit for the transduction of tissue injury signaling, recruitment of tissue repair materials such as stem cells, and the homing of stem cells, leading to the promotion of myocardial regeneration. Thus, copper promotes myocardial regeneration through reactivation of HIF-1-regulated angiogenesis. This would constitute an alternative therapeutic approach to ischemic heart disease. Impact statement Copper promotes angiogenesis, but the mechanistic insights have not been fully elucidated until recently. In addition, the significance of copper promotion of angiogenesis in myocardial regeneration was increasingly revealed. Copper critically participates in the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) of angiogenic gene expression. Interestingly, myocardial ischemia causes copper efflux from the heart, leading to suppression of angiogenesis, although HIF-1α, the critical subunit of HIF-1, remains accumulated in the ischemic myocardium. Strategies targeting copper specific delivery to the ischemic myocardium lead to selective activation of HIF-1-regulated angiogenic gene expression. Vascularization of the ischemic myocardium re-establishes the tissue injury microenvironment, and rebuilds the conduit for communication between the tissue injury signals and the remote regenerative responses including stem cells. This process promotes myocardial regeneration. Thus, a simple and effective copper supplementation to the ischemic myocardium would become a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of patients with ischemic heart diseases.
An analytical pipeline for identifying and mapping the integration sites of HIV and other retroviruses
Authors: Wells Daria W. , Guo Shuang , Shao Wei , Bale Michael J. , Coffin John M. , Hughes Stephen H. , Wu Xiaolin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
All retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), must integrate a DNA copy of their genomes into the genome of the infected host cell to replicate. Although integrated retroviral DNA, known as a provirus, can be found at many sites in the host genome, integration is not random. The adaption of linker-mediated PCR (LM-PCR) protocols for high-throughput integration site mapping, using randomly-sheared genomic DNA and Illumina paired-end sequencing, has dramatically increased the number of mapped integration sites. Analysis of samples from human donors has shown that there is clonal expansion of HIV infected cells and that clonal expansion makes an important contribution to HIV persistence. However, analysis of HIV integration sites in samples taken from patients requires extensive PCR amplification and high-throughput sequencing, which makes the methodology prone to certain specific artifacts.

Results
To address the problems with artifacts, we use a comprehensive approach involving experimental procedures linked to a bioinformatics analysis pipeline. Using this combined approach, we are able to reduce the number of PCR/sequencing artifacts that arise and identify the ones that remain. Our streamlined workflow combines random cleavage of the DNA in the samples, end repair, and linker ligation in a single step. We provide guidance on primer and linker design that reduces some of the common artifacts. We also discuss how to identify and remove some of the common artifacts, including the products of PCR mispriming and PCR recombination, that have appeared in some published studies. Our improved bioinformatics pipeline rapidly parses the sequencing data and identifies bona fide integration sites in clonally expanded cells, producing an Excel-formatted report that can be used for additional data processing.

Conclusions
We provide a detailed protocol that reduces the prevalence of artifacts that arise in the analysis of retroviral integration site data generated from in vivo samples and a bioinformatics pipeline that is able to remove the artifacts that remain.
Brassinosteroid signaling may regulate the germination of axillary buds in ratoon rice
Authors: Xu Huibin , Lian Ling , Wang Fuxiang , Jiang Jiahuan , Lin Qiang , Xie Hongguang , Luo Xi , Zhu Yongsheng , Zhuo Chuanying , Wang Jinlan , Xie Huaan , Jiang Zhaowei , Zhang Jianfu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Rice ratooning has traditionally been an important component of the rice cropping system in China. However, compared with the rice of the first harvest, few studies on factors effecting ratoon rice yield have been conducted. Because ratoon rice is a one-season rice cultivated using axillary buds that germinate on rice stakes and generate panicles after the first crop’s harvest, its production is mainly affected by the growth of axillary buds. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the sprouting mechanism of axillary buds to improve the ratoon rice yield.

Results
First, we observed the differentiation and growth dynamics of axillary buds at different nodes of Shanyou 63, and found that they differentiated from bottom to top before the heading of the mother stem, and that they developed very slowly. After heading they differentiated from top to bottom, and the ones on the top, especially the top 2nd node, developed much faster than those at the other nodes. The average length and dry weight of the axillary buds were significantly greater than those at other nodes by the yellow ripe stage, and they differentiated into pistils and stamens by 6 d after the yellow ripe stage. The morphology of vegetative organs from regenerated tillers of Shanyou 63 also suggested the superior growth of the upper buds, which was regulated by hormones, in ratoon rice. Furthermore, a comprehensive proteome map of the rice axillary buds at the top 2nd node before and after the yellow ripe stage was established, and some proteins involved in steroid biosynthesis were significantly increased. Of these, four took part in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis. Thus, BR signaling may play a role in the germination of axillary buds of ratoon rice.

Conclusions
The data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying BR signaling, and may allow researchers to explore further the biological functions of endogenous BRs in the germination of axillary buds of ratoon rice.
Adapting Andersen’s expanded behavioral model of health services use to include older adults receiving long-term services and supports
Authors: Travers Jasmine L. , Hirschman Karen B. , Naylor Mary D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Andersen’s Expanded Behavioral Model of Health Services Use describes factors associated with the use of long-term services and supports (LTSS). This model, however, has only been tested on the intent to use such services among African-American and White older adults and not the actual use. Given the increasing diversity of older adults in the U.S., the ability to conceptualize factors associated with actual use of LTSS across racial/ethnic groups is critical.

Methods
We applied Andersen’s Expanded model in the analysis of 2006–2010 qualitative data using multiple methods to understand both the relevancy of factors for older adults who currently use LTSS vs. those who intend to use LTSS (as described in Andersen’s original exploration). We additionally explored differences in these factors across racial/ethnic groups and included Hispanic older adults in our analyses.

Results
Four additional constructs linked with actual LTSS use emerged: losses and changes, tangible support, capability to provide informal support, and accessibility of informal support. Racial differences were seen in level of participation in decisions to use nursing home services (Not involved: 45% African-Americans vs. 24% Whites). Reports of LTSS use to avoid burdening one’s family were greater among White older adults compared to African-American older adults.

Conclusions
Findings around decision-making and burden along with other constructs enhance our understanding of determinants that influence actual LTSS use and require targeted interventions.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus cisplatin followed by radical liver resection versus immediate radical liver resection alone with or without adjuvant chemotherapy in incidentally detected gallbladder carcinoma after simple cholecystectomy or in front of radical resection of BTC (ICC/ECC) – a phase III study of the German registry of incidental gallbladder carcinoma platform (GR)– the AIO/ CALGP/ ACO- GAIN-trial –
Authors: Goetze Thorsten O. , Bechstein Wolf O. , Bankstahl Ulli Simone , Keck Tobias , Königsrainer Alfred , Lang Sven A. , Pauligk Claudia , Piso Pompiliu , Vogel Arndt , Al-Batran Salah-Eddin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Currently, complete surgical resection represents the only potentially curative treatment option for Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC) including Gallbladder Cancer (GBC). Even after curative resection, 5-year OS is only 20–40%. Gallbladder carcinoma is relatively rare, but still the fifth most common neoplasm of the digestive tract and even the most frequent cancer of the biliary system. Gallbladder carcinoma is suspected preoperatively in only 30% of all pts., while the majority of cases are discovered incidentally by the pathologist after cholecystectomy for a benign indication. For improving curative rates in BTC and GBC, early systemic therapy combined with radical resection seems to be a promising approach. The earliest moment to apply chemotherapy would be in front of radical surgery. The encouraging results of neoadjuvant/perioperative concepts in other malignancies provide an additional rationale to use this treatment in the early phase of GBC management and even ICC/ECC. Especially because data regarding pure adjuvant chemotherapy in BTC’s are conflicting.

Methods
This is a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label phase III study including pts. with incidentally discovered GBCs after simple cholecystectomy in front of radical liver resection and pts. with resectable/ borderline resectable cholangiocarcinomas (ICC/ ECC) scheduled to receive perioperative chemotherapy (Gemcitabine + Cisplatin 3 cycles pre- and post-surgery) or surgery alone followed by a therapy of investigator’s choice. Primary endpoint is OS; secondary endpoints are PFS, R0-resection rate, toxicity, perioperative morbidity, mortality and QoL. A total of N = 333 patients with GBC or BTC will be included. Recruitment has started in August 2019.

Discussion
The current proposed phase III GAIN study investigates whether induction chemotherapy followed by radical resection in ICC/ECC and re-resection in IGBC (and – if possible – postoperative chemotherapy) prolongs overall survival compared to radical surgery alone for incidental gallbladder carcinoma and primary resectable or borderline resectable cholangiocarcinoma. Utilizing a neoadjuvant approach including a second radical surgery will help to raise awareness for the necessity of radical surgery, especially second radical completion surgery in IGBC and improve the adherence to the guidelines.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03673072 from 17.09.2018. EudraCT number: 2017–004444-38 from 02.11.2017.
Addressing critical knowledge and capacity gaps to sustain CRVS system development
Authors: Adair Tim , Richards Nicola , Streatfield Avita , Rajasekhar Megha , McLaughlin Deirdre , Lopez Alan D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Improving civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems requires strengthening the capacity of the CRVS workforce. The improvement of data collection and diagnostic practices must be accompanied by efforts to ensure that the workforce has the skills and knowledge to assess the quality of, and analyse, CRVS data using demographic and epidemiological techniques. While longer-term measures to improve data collection practices must continue to be implemented, it is important to build capacity in the cautious use of imperfect data. However, a lack of training programmes, guidelines and tools make capacity shortages a common issue in CRVS systems. As such, any strategy to build capacity should be underpinned by (1) a repository of knowledge and body of evidence on CRVS, and (2) targeted strategies to train the CRVS workforce.

Main text
During the 4 years of the Bloomberg Philanthropies Data for Health (D4H) Initiative at the University of Melbourne, an extensive repository of knowledge and practical tools to support CRVS system improvements was developed for use by various audiences and stakeholders (the ‘CRVS Knowledge Gateway’). Complementing this has been a targeted strategy to build CRVS capacity in countries that comprised two approaches – in-country or regional training and a visiting Fellowship Program. These approaches address the need to build competence in countries to collect, analyse and effectively use good quality birth and death data, and a longer-term need to ensure that local staff in countries possess the comprehensive knowledge of CRVS strategies and practices necessary to ensure sustainable CRVS development.

Conclusion
The Knowledge Gateway is a dynamic, useful and long-lasting repository of CRVS knowledge for countries and development partners to use to formulate and evaluate CRVS development strategies. Capacity-building through in-country or regional training and the University of Melbourne D4H Fellowship Program will ensure that CRVS capacity and knowledge is developed and maintained, facilitating improvements in CRVS data systems that can be used by policymakers to support better decision-making in health.
Secular trends in testosterone- findings from a large state-mandate care provider
Authors: Chodick Gabriel , Epstein Shdema , Shalev Varda 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Several studies from the US and Europe have shown a population-level decline in serum testosterone in men from 1970’s to early 2000’s. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study examining population-level decline in testosterone has been published in more recent years. The study objective was therefore to examine secular trends in testosterone levels among Israeli men in the first and second decades of the twenty-first century,

Methods
All incident total testosterone performed between1/2006 and 3/2019 among 102,334 male members of a large health organization.

Results
A significant (p < 0.001) and prominent trend of age-independent decline in the testosterone levels was recorded during the study period for most age groups.

Conclusions
There was a highly significant age-independent decline in total testosterone in the first and second decades of the twenty-first century. The decline was unlikely to be explained by increasing rates of obesity.
Extraction and identification of synovial tissue-derived exosomes by different separation techniques
Authors: Chen Pu , Ruan Anmin , Zhou Jun , Huang Liuwei , Zhang Xiaozhe , Ma Yufeng , Wang Qingfu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study is to compare the efficiency of different separation techniques for extracting synovial tissue-derived exosomes.

Methods
The synovial tissue discarded during knee arthroscopy or total knee arthroplasty surgery was collected from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Ultracentrifugation (UC), filtration combined with size exclusion chromatography (SECF), and 8% polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used to extract synovial tissue-derived exosomes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracer analysis (NTA), and Western Blot (WB) were used to detect the morphology, particle size, and biomarker proteins (CD9, CD63, Flotillin-1, and calnexin) of exosomes.

Results
The extracts of enriched round and discoid vesicles were successfully extracted with UC, SECF, and PEG. The results of TEM have shown that all three extraction methods can extract circular or elliptical vesicles with disc- and cup-shaped structures from the synovial tissue, with the diameter is about 30–150 nm. NTA suggested the main peaks of three groups of exosomes are around 100–120 nm, and the concentration of the three groups of exosomes was greater than 1 × 1010/ml. The results of WB showed that three positive protein markers (CD9, CD63, and Flotillin-1) were highly expressed in the suspension extracted by the three methods and low in the synovial tissue. However, the negative protein (calnexin) was highly expressed in synovial tissues and PEG group, while low in UC and SECF group.

Conclusion
Morphology, particle size, and labeled protein marker detection confirmed that UC, SECF, and PEG can extract exosomes derived from synovial tissue; UC and SECF are more recommended for the extraction of synovial tissue-derived exosomes, which provides a methodological basis for studying the function and mechanism of synovial tissue exosomes in the future.