bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional analysis of the velopharyngeal region in patients with cleft palate and healthy individuals
Authors: Miller Simone , Neuhaus Michael-Tobias , Zimmerer Rüdiger , Tavassol Frank , Gellrich Nils-Claudius , Ptok Martin , Jungheim Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to attain metric data of the velopharyngeal dimensions of healthy subjects as well as patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency using the example of cleft and lip palate (CLP) in order to determine possible differences in the volumes of both groups.MethodsVolumes and distances of velopharyngeal areas were analyzed retrospectively using cone beam computed tomography data sets (n = 60). Group 1 included healthy patients receiving dental implants (n = 31). Group 2 was represented by patients with surgically closed cleft lip and palate (n = 29).ResultsBiggest differences among mean values of both groups were found for: minimum axial area (p = 0.000), airway area caudal (p = 0.000), distance between posterior nasal spine and posterior pharyngeal wall (PPW) (p = 0.014), mean distance between velum and PPW (p = 0.000), length of PPW (p = 0.000) and length of anterior pharyngeal wall (p = 0.000).ConclusionDifferences in the shape and geometry of the velopharyngeal area in subjects with a regular velopharyngeal structure and function and patients with cleft palate do exist. The significant differences found here can be categorized into two groups: one reflects distances between the anterior and posterior pharynx, presenting longer distances for patients with CLP. The second significant difference regards values of length in cranio-caudal direction, which is longer in healthy subjects. With regards to these values, one could conclude, that even though total volumes of both groups did not differ in size, group 1 shows three-dimensional velopharyngeal shapes that are longer and narrower, whereas shapes of patients of group 2 tend to be wider and shorter in general.
Biocontrol Activity and Plant Growth Promotion Exerted by Aureobasidium pullulans Strains
Authors: Di Francesco A. , Di Foggia M. , Corbetta M. , Baldo D. , Ratti C. , Baraldi E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe most common leguminous plants’ diseases are caused by soil-borne pathogens leading to important economic losses worldwide. Strains L1 and L8, belonging to Aureobasidium pullulans species, were tested in vitro and in vivo as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Rhizoctonia solani (Rs1) (AG-4) and as plant growth promoters (PGPs). The non-volatile metabolites produced by L1 and L8 strains inhibited the pathogen mycelial growth by 87.9% on average, with no significant differences between the two strains. The lower pathogen diametric growth inhibition was displayed by both yeasts’ volatile metabolites (VOCs) that significantly reduced the colony growth of R. solani, and similarly to the control, with an average of 10.5%. By in vivo assay, L1 and L8 strains showed the ability to control the pathogen virulence probably through the biofilm formation around the bean and soybean plant roots, as confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The spectroscopic analysis highlighted the composition of non-volatile compounds: complex carbohydrates (pullulan), degrading enzymes, siderophores and antifungals (aureobasidins). Moreover, the ability of L1 and L8 strains to stimulate the bean and soybean plant roots, stems, and leaves growth was investigated, showing that these yeasts could have an application not only as BCAs but also as plant growth biostimulator.
Viruses and atypical bacteria in the respiratory tract of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with airway infection
Authors: Reckziegel Maria , Weber-Osel Claudia , Egerer Renate , Gruhn Bernd , Kubek Florian , Walther Mario , Wilhelm Stefanie , Zell Roland , Krumbholz Andi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRespiratory tract infections (RTI) can take a serious course under immunosuppression. Data on the impact of the underlying pathogens are still controversial. Samples from the upper (n = 322) and lower RT (n = 169) were collected from 136 children and 355 adults; 225 among them have been immunocompromised patients. Exclusion criteria were presence of relevant cultivable microorganisms, C-reactive protein > 20 mg/dl, or procalcitonin > 2.0 ng/ml. Samples were tested by PCR for the presence of herpesviruses (HSV-1/-2; VZV; CMV; HHV6; EBV), adenoviruses, bocaviruses, entero-/rhinoviruses (HRV), parechoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza viruses (IV), parainfluenza viruses as well as for pneumoviruses (HMPV and RSV), and atypical bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M.p.; Chlamydia pneumoniae, C.p.). Viral/bacterial genome equivalents were detected in more than two-thirds of specimens. Under immunosuppression, herpesviruses (EBV 30.9%/14.6%, p < 0.001; CMV 19.6%/7.9%, p < 0.001; HSV-1: 14.2%/7.1%, p = 0.012) were frequently observed, mainly through their reactivation in adults. Immunocompromised adults tended to present a higher RSV prevalence (6.4%/2.4%, p = 0.078). Immunocompetent patients were more frequently tested positive for IV (15.0%/5.8%, p = 0.001) and M.p. (6.4%/0.4%, p < 0.001), probably biased due to the influenza pandemic of 2009 and an M.p. epidemic in 2011. About 41.8% of samples were positive for a single pathogen, and among them EBV (19.9%) was most prevalent followed by HRV (18.2%) and IV (16.6%). HSV-2 and C.p. were not found. Marked seasonal effects were observed for HRV, IV, and RSV. Differences in pathogen prevalence were demonstrated between immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The exact contribution of some herpesviruses to the development of RTI remains unclear.
Pharyngeal carriage rates of Neisseria meningitidis in health care professionals at a tertiary university pediatric hospital
Authors: Steurer Lisa-Maria , Hetzmannseder Mathias , Willinger Birgit , Starzengruber Peter , Mikula Claudia , Kormann-Klement Andrea , Weber Michael , Berger Angelika , Grill Agnes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPharyngeal carriage is the reservoir for Neisseria meningitidis in the population and the first step in disease transmission. Especially in young infants and adolescents, N. meningitidis can cause serious invasive infection with high fatality rates and high rates of long-term sequelae among survivors. The aim of this study was to determine N. meningitidis colonization rates in asymptomatic health care professionals at a tertiary university pediatric hospital and to identify risk factors for carriage. This cross-sectional meningococcal carriage survey was conducted between April and October 2018 at the Medical University of Vienna. Individuals working as nurses, pediatricians, or medical students were enrolled. Oropharyngeal swabs were directly plated onto selective agar plates and conventional culture was used for bacterial identification. Meningococcal isolates were further characterized using whole-genome sequencing. A total of 437 oropharyngeal specimens were collected. Overall, meningococcal carriage prevalence was 1.14% (5/437), with 0.7% (3/437) for capsular genotype B, and 0.5% (2/437) for capsular genotype W. Mean age of carriers was significantly lower than of non-carriers (24.2 vs. 35.8; p = 0.004). The highest carriage rate of 4.4% (4/91) was found in the age group 18–25. Carriage was negatively associated with age and timespan working in pediatrics. This is the first study evaluating the prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis carriage in health care professionals working in Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. Carriage was in general lower than expected for all age groups, implicating a low risk of meningococcal transmission via this population.
Staphylococcus capitis isolated from bloodstream infections: a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units
Authors: Decalonne Marie , Dos Santos Sandra , Gimenes Rémi , Goube Florent , Abadie Géraldine , Aberrane Saïd , Ambrogi Vanina , Baron Raoul , Barthelemy Patrick , Bauvin Isabelle , Belmonte Olivier , Benabid Emilie , Ammar Rafik Ben , Yahia Salma Ben Hadj , Berrouane Yasmina , Berthelot Philippe , Beuchee Alain , Bille Emmanuelle , Bolot Pascal , Bordes-Couecou Stéphanie , Bouissou Antoine , Bourdon Sandra , Bourgeois-Nicolaos Nadège , Boyer Sophie , Cattoen Christian , Cattoir Vincent , Chaplain Chantal , Chatelet Céline , Claudinon Aurore , Chautemps Nathalie , Cormier Hélène , Coroller-Bec Céline , Cotte Benjamin , De Chillaz Carole , Dauwalder Olivier , Davy Aude , Delorme Martine , Demasure Maryvonne , Desfrere Luc , Drancourt Michel , Dupin Clarisse , Faraut-Derouin Véronique , Florentin Arnaud , Forget Virginie , Fortineau Nicolas , Foucan Tania , Frange Pierre , Gambarotto Karine , Gascoin Géraldine , Gibert Laure , Gilquin Jacques , Glanard Audrey , Grando Jacqueline , Gravet Alain , Guinard Jérôme , Hery-Arnaud Geneviève , Huart Claire , Idri Nadia , Jellimann Jean-Marc , Join-Lambert Olivier , Joron Sylvie , Jouvencel Philippe , Kempf Marie , Ketterer-Martinon Sophie , Khecharem Mouna , Klosowski Serge , Labbe Franck , Lacazette Adeline , Lapeyre Fabrice , Larche Jérôme , Larroude Peggy , Le Pourhiennec Anne , Le Sache Nolwenn , Ledru Sylvie , Lefebvre Annick , Legeay Clément , Lemann Florence , Lesteven Claire , Levast-Raffin Marion , Leyssene David , Ligi Isabelle , Lozniewski Alain , Lureau Pierre , Mallaval Franck-Olivier , Malpote Edith , Marret Stéphane , Martres Pascale , Menard Guillaume , Menvielle Laura , Mereghetti Laurent , Merle Véronique , Minery Pascale , Morange Virginie , Mourdie Julien , Muggeo Anaelle , Nakhleh Jean , Noulard Marie-Noëlle , Olive Claude , Patural Hugues , Penn Pascale , Petitfrere Manuel , Pozetto Bruno , Riviere Brigitte , Robine Audrey , Ceschin Christine Roques , Ruimy Raymond , Siali Amine , Soive Stéphanie , Slimani Souad , Trentesaux Anne-Sophie , Trivier Dominique , Vandenbussche Christian , Villeneuve Laurent , Werner Evelyne , Le Vu Stéphane , Van Der Mee-Marquet Nathalie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo increase the knowledge about S. capitis in the neonatal setting, we conducted a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) covering 56.6% of French NICU beds. We demonstrated 14.2% of S. capitis BSI (S.capBSI) among nosocomial BSIs. S.capBSI incidence rate was 0.59 per 1000 patient-days. A total of 55.0% of the S.capBSIs were late onset catheter-related BSIs. The S. capitis strains infected preterm babies (median gestational age 26 weeks, median birth weight 855 g). They were resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides and belonged to the NRCS-A clone. Evolution was favorable in all but one case, following vancomycin treatment.
Impact of flex power on GPS Block IIF differential code biases
Authors: Esenbuğa Özge Gizem , Hauschild André 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGPS Block IIF satellites are able to redistribute the transmit power between the signal components. This ability is called flex power, and it has been developed as a remedy against jamming. Since it is operationally not possible to increase the transmit power for all signal components simultaneously, a redistribution between them is necessary under certain operational situations. Flex power has been active on Block IIF satellites since January 2017 over a specific regional area and has an impact on differential code bias estimation as well as the signal-to-noise density ratio. A network of the International GNSS Service stations containing only Septentrio PolaRx5 and PolaRx5TR receivers between August 1 and November 21, 2019 has been used for differential code bias estimation using GPS L1 C/A, L1 P(Y), L2 P(Y), and L2C signals with and without consideration of the flex power in the estimation process for Block IIF satellites. The estimation results are compared with the German Aerospace Center as well as the Chinese Academy of Sciences DCB products to validate the results.
Understanding How University Students Use Perceptions of Consent, Wantedness, and Pleasure in Labeling Rape
Authors: Hills Peter J. , Pleva Megan , Seib Elisabeth , Cole Terri 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile the lack of consent is the only determining factor in considering whether a situation is rape or not, there is sufficient evidence that participants conflate wantedness with consent and pleasurableness with wantedness. Understanding how people appraise sexual scenarios may form the basis to develop appropriate educational packages. We conducted two large-scale qualitative studies in two UK universities in which participants read vignettes describing sexual encounters that were consensual or not, wanted or unwanted and pleasurable or not pleasurable. Participants provided free-text responses as to whether they perceived the scenarios to be rape or not and why they made these judgments. The second study replicated the results of the first and included a condition where participants imagined themselves as either the subject or initiator of the sexual encounter. The results indicate that a significant portion of our participants held attitudes reflecting rape myths and tended to blame the victim. Participants used distancing language when imagining themselves in the initiator condition. Participants indicated that they felt there were degrees of how much a scenario reflected rape rather than it simply being a dichotomy (rape or not). Such results indicate a lack of understanding of consent and rape and highlight avenues of potential educational materials for schools, universities or jurors.
Projection of winter NPO-following winter ENSO connection in a warming climate: uncertainty due to internal climate variability
Authors: Chen Shangfeng , Yu Bin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious observational and modeling studies indicate that the wintertime North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) could significantly impact the following winter El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability via the seasonal footprinting mechanism (SFM). This study explores climate projections of this winter NPO-ENSO relation in a warming climate based on a 50-member large ensemble of climate simulations conducted with the second-generation Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2). The ensemble mean of the 50 members can well reproduce the observed winter NPO pattern, the NPO-ENSO relationship, and the SFM process over the historical period 1950–2003. These 50 members are then employed to examine climate projections of the NPO-ENSO connection over the anthropogenic forced period 2020–2073. Results indicate that there exists a large spread of projected NPO-ENSO connections across these 50 ensemble members due to internal climate variability. Internal climate variability brings uncertainties in the projection of the winter NPO-ENSO connection originally seen in projected changes of the subtropical center of the winter NPO. The spread of projections of winter NPO-associated atmospheric anomalies over the subtropical North Pacific further results in various responses in the projections of winter and spring precipitation anomalies over the tropical North Pacific, as well as spring zonal wind anomalies over the tropical western Pacific, which eventually lead to uncertainties in the projection of the sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical central-eastern Pacific from the following summer to winter.
Building a Social Mandate for Climate Action: Lessons from COVID-19
Authors: Howarth Candice , Bryant Peter , Corner Adam , Fankhauser Sam , Gouldson Andy , Whitmarsh Lorraine , Willis Rebecca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 imposed lockdown has led to a number of temporary environmental side effects (reduced global emissions, cleaner air, less noise), that the climate community has aspired to achieve over a number of decades. However, these benefits have been achieved at a massive cost to welfare and the economy. This commentary draws lessons from the COVID-19 crisis for climate change. It discusses whether there are more sustainable ways of achieving these benefits, as part of a more desirable, low carbon resilient future, in a more planned, inclusive and less disruptive way. In order to achieve this, we argue for a clearer social contract between citizens and the state. We discuss how COVID-19 has demonstrated that behaviours can change abruptly, that these changes come at a cost, that we need a ‘social mandate’ to ensure these changes remain in the long-term, and that science plays an important role in informing this process. We suggest that deliberative engagement mechanisms, such as citizens’ assemblies and juries, could be a powerful way to build a social mandate for climate action post-COVID-19. This would enable behaviour changes to become more accepted, embedded and bearable in the long-term and provide the basis for future climate action.
Higher education expansion, system transformation, and social inequality. Social origin effects on tertiary education attainment in Poland for birth cohorts 1960 to 1988
Authors: Kopycka Katarzyna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes the development of social inequality in the Polish higher education system during its expansion after 1990 using data from the Polish General Social Survey. Focusing on the special case of a former socialist society, where higher education expansion has been very rapid and achieved mainly through marketization, this paper highlights the micro-level mechanisms that underlie the inequality dynamic. It shows how actor preferences embedded in the specific historical context shape educational behavior, producing moments of equalization and de-equalization. Class inequality regarding access to tertiary education decreased in the early 1990s and then increased again, as participation in the working classes stagnated at a low level in the later phases of the expansion. In contrast, no equalization has been observed between children of different educational origins. The analysis shows a persistent intergenerational reproduction of educational disadvantage in spite of the expansion. Lastly, consistent with the Effectively Maintained Inequality thesis, this paper provides evidence for underprivileged strata being diverted into second-tier, lower-prestige educational opportunities in the private sector.
Motion of liquid and stabilising particles in individual liquid aluminium alloy films
Authors: Heim Korbinian , Ershov Alexei , Rack Alexander , Banhart John , García-Moreno Francisco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLiquid metallic films are the constituting elements of metallic foams and are governed by a complex interplay between the liquid—here aluminium alloys—, the film stabilising solid particles contained in the melt, and the gas phase. We use synchrotron X-ray radioscopy to study particle dynamics and analyse particle motions by applying novel image processing techniques. We find that particles move alone and as clusters. They may move permanently with the melt or can be trapped by the film surface and subsequently even de-trapped again. The aim of this work is to observe interactions between particles or particle clusters and the film surfaces, and to understand how liquid flow in films is reduced and film stability increased by such particles
Cognitive impairment three months after surgery is an independent predictor of survival time in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Butterbrod Elke , Synhaeve Nathalie , Rutten Geert-Jan , Schwabe Inga , Gehring Karin , Sitskoorn Margriet 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeCognitive functioning is increasingly investigated for its prognostic value in glioblastoma (GBM) patients, but the association of cognitive status during early adjuvant treatment with survival time is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether cognitive performance three months after surgical resection predicted survival time, while using a clinically intuitive time ratio (TR) statistic.MethodsNewly diagnosed patients with GBM undergoing resection between November 2010 and February 2018 completed computerized cognitive assessment 3 months after surgery with the CNS Vital Signs battery (8 measures). The association of cognitive performance (continuous Z scores and dichotomous impairment status; impaired vs. unimpaired) with survival time was assessed with multivariate Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) models that also included clinical prognostic factors and covariates related to cognitive performances.Results114 patients were included in the analyses (median survival time 16.4 months). Of the clinical factors, postoperative Karnofsky Performance Status (TR 1.51), surgical (TR 2.20) and non-surgical (TR 1.94) salvage treatment, and pre-surgical tumor volume (cm3, TR 1.003) were significant independent predictors of survival time. Independently of the base model factors and covariates, impairment on Stroop test I and Stroop test III estimated 23% and 26% reduction of survival time (TR 0.77, TR 0.74) respectively, as compared to unimpaired performance.ConclusionThese findings suggest that impaired performances on tests of executive control and processing speed in the early phase of adjuvant treatment can reflect a worse prognostic outlook rather than an early treatment effect, and their assessment might allow for early refinement of current prognostic stratification.
Two morals about a modal paradox
Authors: Roberts Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChisholm’s paradox serves as an important constraint on our modal theorising. For example, one lesson of the paradox is that widely accepted essentialist theses appear incompatible with metaphysical necessity obeying a logic that includes S4. However, this article cautions against treating Chisholm’s paradox in isolation, as a single line of reasoning. To this end, the article outlines two crucial morals about Chisholm’s paradox which situate the paradox within a broad family of paradoxes. Each moral places significant constraints on the paradox’s solution space. In light of this perspective, the paper applies the two morals to a recently proposed solution to Chisholm’s Paradox by Benj Hellie, Murray and Wilson (in: Bennett and Zimmerman (eds) Oxford studies in metaphysics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012).
Pragmatic markers: the missing link between language and Theory of Mind
Authors: Rubio-Fernandez Paula 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLanguage and Theory of Mind come together in communication, but their relationship has been intensely contested. I hypothesize that pragmatic markers connect language and Theory of Mind and enable their co-development and co-evolution through a positive feedback loop, whereby the development of one skill boosts the development of the other. I propose to test this hypothesis by investigating two types of pragmatic markers: demonstratives (e.g., ‘this’ vs. ‘that’ in English) and articles (e.g., ‘a’ vs. ‘the’). Pragmatic markers are closed-class words that encode non-representational information that is unavailable to consciousness, but accessed automatically in processing. These markers have been associated with implicit Theory of Mind because they are used to establish joint attention (e.g., ‘I prefer that one’) and mark shared knowledge (e.g., ‘We bought the house’ vs. ‘We bought a house’). Here I develop a theoretical account of how joint attention (as driven by the use of demonstratives) is the basis for children’s later tracking of common ground (as marked by definite articles). The developmental path from joint attention to common ground parallels language change, with demonstrative forms giving rise to definite articles. This parallel opens the possibility of modelling the emergence of Theory of Mind in human development in tandem with its routinization across language communities and generations of speakers. I therefore propose that, in order to understand the relationship between language and Theory of Mind, we should study pragmatics at three parallel timescales: during language acquisition, language use, and language change.