bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxifolin Shows Anticataractogenesis and Attenuates Diabetic Retinopathy in STZ-Diabetic RatsviaSuppression of Aldose Reductase, Oxidative Stress, and MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Fei , Ma Ying , Xu Yanli 
Published: October 2019

Background:Due to the increased prevalence of diabetes-associated complications of the eye like diabetic retinopathy and cataract, the need for a novel therapeutic agent is urgent. Due to the advantages that the polyphenolic compounds enjoy in diabetes and associated complications, we postulated that Taxifolin (TXF), a poly-phenolic flavanol, could show anti-retinopathic and anti-cataract effect in diabetes-induced rats.Methods:TXF at a dose of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg was given by oral route to STZ mediated diabetic rats for a time period of 10 weeks. The opacity of lens was studied after every 7 days of treatment till 10 weeks; evaluation of the severity of cataract and changes in the histology of lens as well as retina was done. Tissue homogenates of lens isolated after the end of the study were evaluated for markers of oxidative stress, levels of aldose reductase, p38MAPK, VEGF, and ERK1/2.Results:Outcomes suggested that TXF improved retinopathy and cataract in diabetes-induced rats. The treatment of TXF also improved the status of oxidative stress and inhibited the levels of p38MAPK, VEGF, and ERK1/2. The treatment also improved the lens opacity in diabetic rats. The results suggest that the protective effect of TXF against cataract and retinopathy may be due to the anti-oxidative potential of TXF and its inhibiting effect on VEGF, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and aldose reductase.Conclusion:The study confirms that TXF is a potential candidate showing a protective effect against diabetic induced retinopathy and cataract..
Thyroid Disorders and Prognosis in Chronic Heart Failure: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study
Authors: Iacoviello Massimo , Parisi Giuseppe , Gioia Margherita I. , Grande Dario , Rizzo Caterina , Guida Pietro , Lisi Francesco , Giagulli Vito A. , Licchelli Brunella , Di Serio Francesca , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Thyroid disorders may have a negative impact on the prognosis of patients
affected by chronic heart failure (CHF).

Objective:
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the prognostic role of all thyroid disorders over
a long term follow-up in a single centre large sample of CHF outpatients.

Methods:
In all patients, the function of the thyroid was evaluated at the enrolment and during the follow-
up. On the basis of free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH) serum levels, patients were classified into one of the following four categories: euthyroid
subjects, patients affected by hypothyroidism, low T3 (LT3) syndrome and hyperthyroidism. During the
follow-up, death for all causes was assessed as primary end-point, whereas time to the first hospitalization
for heart failure worsening was the secondary end-point analyzed.

Results:
Among 762 patients, 190 patients were affected by hypothyroidism (Hypo). LT3 syndrome
was diagnosed in 15 patients and 59 patients were affected by hyperthyroidism (Hyper). During a long
term follow-up (5.1±3.7 years), 303 patients died. Patients with Hypo showed an increased risk of death
as well as of hospitalization due to heart failure worsening at univariate regression analysis. At multivariate
regression analysis, Hypo remained associated with hospitalization after correction for age >75
years, ischemic aetiology, diabetes, therapy with ACE-inhibitors or ARBs, therapy with betablockers
and with aldosterone antagonists, NYHA class 3, systolic arterial pressure <95 mmHg, left ventricular
ejection fraction <30%, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min, hyponatremia and NTproBNP>
1000 pg/ml. At multivariate analysis, the independent association with death was significant
only for the subgroup of patients with TSH >10 mIU/L. LT3 was independently associated with both
heart failure hospitalization and death, whereas Hyper was not associated with any of the two considered
end-points.

Conclusion:
Hypo is associated with a worse prognosis over a long-term follow-up. The association
with heart failure hospitalization is not dependent on the baseline TSH levels, whereas the association
with death is significant only when TSH >10 mIU/L. Finally, Hyper does not have any association with
a worse prognosis.
The Concept of Successful Aging: A Review Article
Authors: Estebsari Fatemeh , Dastoorpoor Maryam , Khalifehkandi Zahra Rahimi , Nouri Azadeh , Mostafaei Davoud , Hosseini Meimanat , Esmaeili Roghayeh , Aghababaeian Hamidreza 
Published: October 2019

Background:
With the increasing number of elderly people in the world, usage of concepts
and terminology related to this phenomenon has substantially increased. One concept in this
context is successful aging. The purpose of the present study is to extract and introduce a common
concept to be used in studies on measuring successful aging.

Methods:
This is a review study. First, by searching the databases of Magiran, Noormags, Medlib,
Irandoc, Iranmedex, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Civilica, SID, ISI Web Of Science,
PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and search engines, Google Scholar and Elmnet as well as using
standard keywords such as elder, elderly, aging, and successful aging, all related published articles
during the period 1995 to 2017 were retrieved. A total of 3417 documents were retrieved. By removing
3390 unrelated, duplicate and unusable documents, 27 articles were included in the study
after quality control.

Results:
The findings of the study were categorized in three areas: "defining successful aging by
focusing on dimensions", "successful aging principles" and "factors influencing successful aging".
Reviewing various studies, we found that the definition of successful aging deals with cognitive
action, perception, control, life satisfaction, and ethics. Successful aging is also defined as having
inner feelings of happiness and satisfaction with life for the present and the past. Sometimes successful
aging is also considered to be survival with health.

Conclusion:
Health care professionals as community health supporters can use the results from the
present study for providing the grounds for successful aging. Then, they can use the designed successful
aging program for preserving and promoting active and healthy aging for every elderly
person in old age.
SQL Versus NoSQL Databases to Assess Their Appropriateness for Big Data Application
Authors: Kausar Mohammad A. , Nasar Mohammad 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Nowadays, the digital world is rising rapidly and becoming very difficult in
nature's quantity, diversity, and speed. Recently, there have been two major changes in data management,
which are NoSQL databases and Big Data Analytics. While evolving with the diverse reasons,
their independent growths balance each other and their convergence would greatly benefit organization
to make decisions on-time with the amount of multifaceted data sets that might be semi
structured, structured, and unstructured. Though several software solutions have come out to support
Big Data analytics on the one hand, on the other hand, there have been several packages of NoSQL
database available in the market.

Aim and Methods:
The main goal of this article is to give comprehension of their perspective and a
complete study to associate the future of the emerging several important NoSQL data models.

Results:
Evaluating NoSQL databases for Big Data analytics with traditional SQL performance
shows that NoSQL database is a superior alternative for industry condition need high-performance
analytics, adaptability, simplicity, and distributed large data scalability.

Conclusion:
In this article we conclude with the adoption of NoSQL in various markets.
CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE: A RIGGED DEBATE BASED ON FALSE POLITICS AND ECONOMICS
Authors: Palley Thomas 
Published: October 2019

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The case for central bank independence is built on an intellectual two-step. Step one argues there is a problem of inflation prone government. Step two argues independence is the solution to that problem. This paper challenges that case and shows it is based on false politics and economics. The paper argues central bank independence is a product of neoliberal economics and aims to institutionalize neoliberal interests. As regards economics, independence rests on a controversial construction of macroeconomics and also fails according to its own microeconomic logic. That failure applies to both goal independence and operational independence. It is a myth to think a government can set goals for the central bank and then leave it to the bank to impartially and neutrally operationalize those goals. Democratic countries may still decide to implement central bank independence, but that decision is a political one with non-neutral economic and political consequences. It is a grave misrepresentation to claim independence solves a fundamental public interest economic problem, and economists make themselves accomplices by claiming it does. <br /><br /></p><p>INDEPENDENCIA DEL BANCO CENTRAL: UN DEBATE AMAÑADO BASADO EN POLÍTICA Y ECONOMÍA FALSAS</p><p> </p><p><strong>RESUMEN</strong><br />La cuestión de la independencia del banco central consiste en un proceso intelectual de dos fases. En la primera fase se argumenta que existe el problema de que el gobierno es proclive a la inflación. En la segunda fase se señala que la independencia del gobierno es la solución a este problema. En este artículo desafiamos esta cuestión y se muestra que se basa en política y economía falsas. Argumentamos que la independencia del banco central es un producto de la economía neoliberal y que aspira a institucionalizar los intereses neoliberales. En lo que concierne a la economía, la independencia se basa en una construcción controvertida de la macroeconomía y también fracasa de acuerdo con su propia lógica microeconómica. Ese fracaso aplica tanto para la independencia del objetivo como para la operativa. Es un mito pensar que el gobierno puede establecer objetivos para el banco central y luego permitir que éste los opere de forma imparcial y neutral. Los países democráticos pueden decidir implementar la independencia del banco central, pero la decisión es política y no es neutral en sus consecuencias económicas y políticas. La proposición de que la independencia resuelve un problema económico de interés público fundamental es una interpretación equivocada grave y los economistas se vuelven cómplices al sostener que en efecto lo resuelve.</p>
ARE THE PARIS AGREEMENT EFFORTS EQUALLY SHARED? GDP AND CO2 PRODUCTION REGULARITIES
Authors: Marquetti Adalmir Antonio , Mendoza Pichardo Gabriel , De Oliveira Guilherme 
Published: October 2019

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong></strong>This study investigates regularities in the production of GDP and CO2 emissions for 84 countries between 1980-2014. The empirical strategy is derived from an ecological-economic framework in which both outputs are produced employing capital, energy and labor. Moreover, we propose an expanded version of the Kaya identity, which creates a link between the growth rate of CO2 emissions and capital accumulation to evaluate the distribution of abatement efforts under the Paris Agreement. By using a new dataset, we found evidence of relative decoupling in developing countries and absolute decoupling in some developed countries. Our findings show that the individual voluntary definition of the emission targets under the Agreement resulted in an unequal distribution of the abatement efforts among developing and developed countries. In the absence of higher energy or environment-saving technical changes, the required reductions in capital accumulation are sharper for developing than developed countries.</p><p> </p><p>¿SE COMPARTEN LOS ESFUERZOS DEL ACUERDO DE PARÍS IGUALMENTE? <br />REGULARIDADES DE PRODUCCIÓN DEL PIB Y CO2<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>RESUMEN</strong><br />Este trabajo investiga las regularidades en la producción del PIB y las emisiones de CO2 en 84 países entre 1980 y 2014. La estrategia empírica deriva de un marco ecológico-económico en el cual los dos bienes se producen utilizando capital, energía y trabajo. Proponemos una versión expandida de la identidad de Kaya que crea un vínculo entre la tasa de crecimiento de las emisiones de CO2 y la acumulación de capital para evaluar la distribución de los esfuerzos de abatimiento del Acuerdo de París. Mediante el uso de una nueva base de datos, encontramos un desacoplamiento relativo en los países en desarrollo y un desacoplamiento absoluto en algunos países desarrollados. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que la definición individual voluntaria de las metas de emisiones del Acuerdo resulta en una distribución desigual de los esfuerzos de abatimiento entre los países en desarrollo y desarrollados. En ausencia de un mayor cambio técnico ahorrador de energía o del ambiente, las reducciones requeridas en la acumulación de capital son más agudas para los países en desarrollo que para los desarrollados.</p>
Redefining Hypoglycemia in Clinical Trials: Validation of Definitions Recently Adopted by the American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes
Authors: Heller Simon R. , Buse John B. , Ratner Robert , Seaquist Elizabeth , Bardtrum Lars , Hansen Charlotte Thim , Tutkunkardas Deniz , Moses Alan C. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVE
To determine if the International Hypoglycaemia Study Group (IHSG) level 2 low glucose definition can identify clinically relevant hypoglycemia in clinical trials and offer value as an end point for future trials.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A post hoc analysis was performed of the SWITCH (SWITCH 1: n = 501, type 1 diabetes; SWITCH 2: n = 721, type 2 diabetes) and DEVOTE (n = 7,637, type 2 diabetes) trials utilizing the IHSG low glucose definitions. Patients in all trials were randomized to either insulin degludec or insulin glargine 100 units/mL. In the main analysis, the following definitions were compared: 1) American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2005 (plasma glucose [PG] confirmed ≤3.9 mmol/L with symptoms); and 2) IHSG level 2 (PG confirmed &lt;3.0 mmol/L, independent of symptoms).

RESULTS
In SWITCH 2, the estimated rate ratios of hypoglycemic events indicated increasing differences between treatments with decreasing PG levels until 3.0 mmol/L, following which no additional treatment differences were observed. Similar results were observed for the SWITCH 1 trial. In SWITCH 2, the IHSG level 2 definition produced a rate ratio that was lower than the ADA 2005 definition.

CONCLUSIONS
The IHSG level 2 definition was validated in a series of clinical trials, demonstrating its ability to discriminate between basal insulins. This definition is therefore recommended to be uniformly adopted by regulatory bodies and used in future clinical trials.
ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBON TREATING SYSTEM TO THE EMISSION OFF SPARK-IGNITION FOUR-STROKE ENGINE
Authors: Binyamin Binyamin , Subroto Subroto , Tjahjono Tri 
Published: October 2019

The reduction of carbon monoxide (CO), unburnthydrocarbon (UHC) emission and fuel consumption on spark-ignition four-stroke engine is continuously attempted. The purposes from this research were to determine the effect of Hydrocarbon Treating System (HTS) on levels of CO, UHC and fuel consumption. This is an experimental research. Its is conducted by comparing the exhaust pollutant concentration such as carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbon and also fuel consumption between standard engine setting and Hydrocarbon Treating System applied. The research variable are HTS flow rate from Q1 = 0 cc/s (without HTS), Q2 = 1,5 cc/s, Q3 = 2 cc/s, Q4 = 2,5 cc/s, and Q5 = 33 cc/s. The research will be done in three conditions which are low, medium and high rotation. The result showed that Hydrocarbon Threating System decrease fuel consumption up to 19,43% with flow rate Q5 = 3 cc/s, but on the other hand it increase CO emission up to 80.84% with flow rate Q5 = 3 cc/s and UHC emission level up to 124.75% with flow rate Q5 = 3 cc/s from engine standart condition.
ANALISIS SIFAT TARIK DAN IMPAK KOMPOSIT SERAT RAMI DENGAN PERLAKUAN ALKALI DALAM WAKTU 2,4,6 DAN 8 JAM BERMATRIK POLIESTER
Authors: Purboputro Pramuko Ilmu , Hariyanto Agus 
Published: October 2019

Ikatan interfacal bonding pada komposit serat alam sangat tergantung dari kekasaran permukaan serat. Permukaan serat dapat ditingkatkan daya ikatan permukaannya dengan cara mencelupkan pada larutan alkali. Pencelupan ini akan mengurangi lapisan lignin yang mengurangi kekuatan ikat pada permukaan serat. Pada penelitian ini proses yang digunakan adalah perlakuan alkali terhadap permukaan serat dengan cara merendam serat rami selama 2,4,6, dan 8 jam. Larutah alkali yang digunakan adalah larutan NaOH dengan konsentrasi 10% pada pelarut air. Serat rami Boehmeria nivea (L) Goud direndam pada larutan NaOH selama 2,4,6, dan 8 jam perendaman, untuk menghilangkan zat ligninnya agar kekuatan ikatan permukaan bisa diperbaiki. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah pengujian tarik dan pengujian impak. Hasil yang didapat adalah kekuatan tarik terbesar didapat pada perendaman 8 jam yaitu sebesar 41,9 MPa. Modulus young terbesar didapat pada perendaman 2 jam, yaitu 2743,15 Mpa, dan kekuatan impak terbesar adalah 0,0725 Joule/mm2 terjadi pada perendaman 4 jam Kata kunci : komposit serat, kekuatan tarik, kekuatan impak, perendaman alkali
drónrepüléssel összefüggő magánjogi igények
Authors: Zsurzsa Zsolt 
Published: October 2019

The technology of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are most commonly known as ‘drones’, is one of the most rapidly developing field of modern science. That is largely owing to the fact that drones are used in more and more fields of economy, from architecture and media to agriculture and logistics, etc. According to predictions of the European Union, the drone industry may have an income of € 10 billion annually, by 2035, and could create about 100,000 workplaces as well.[2] In addition, the number of hobby drone users is also increasing quickly, with millions of registered drone users in the United States of America alone.[3]
The nature of drones, namely the fact that these devices can soar up to 30 or more metres in the air and carry out different kind of operations (including taking photographs) by an operator on the ground may cause a lot of conflicts between drone operators and people not taking part in the operation. However, these conflicts, are unlikely to be solved without legal interference, which makes it necessary for both lawmakers and organizations applying the law to prepare for these situations in order to be able to give proper answers to the problem.
In my research, I have indicated the development of drones in a historical context and also specified the classification of drones, which allowed me to outline those types that are relevant to the subject matter. I also presented the legal background of drone flight in force, on the level of the EU legislation and also gave an insight to the previous, Hungarian legislation. Then, I started to identify those legal claims that can be especially relevant on the terrain of civil law, and concluded three main claims can be named: liability for damages, infringement on personal rights (right to one’s image and, in particular) and the civil tort of trespass to land.
I analysed all of these claims separately and in connection with each other, and found interesting problems that could have huge relevance in a legal dispute before a court. I intended to support my findings and arguments with opinions from legal scientists, court decisions from Hungary and abroad, and legislative solutions from abroad. At the end of my writing, I concluded that the described problems, and the solution that is given to them, are indeed crucial, because they will most definitely affect the way people can use drones, and neither too strict, nor too loose rules are appropriate to decide upon the subject.
Analisis Sikap Peduli Lingkungan Pada Siswa Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar di Kota Ruteng
Authors: Narut Yosef Firman , Nardi Mikael 
Published: October 2019

This study mainly aims to describe and analyze the environmental cares of the 6th class elementary school students in Ruteng. Three attitude components were assessed: cognition, affection, and conation components. A descriptive qualitative research were designed through survey method which involved the 6th grade students as the population from elementary schools in Ruteng. Simple random sampling was employed to determine four elementary schools as samples; those schools were SDK Ruteng 1, SDK Ruteng 3, SDI Wae Ri'i, and SDI Karot. The data were collected through a questionnaire while the data analysis technique was based on Miles and Huberman models which covers reduction, data display, and conclusion / verification. The data were validated in triangulation test, namely: theory triangulation, data triangulation, and expert triangulation. The results of the study showed that the average score of environmental care attitudes of the 6th students’ in Ruteng was 77.81 in a good category. Meanwhile, the average of attitude score components covering the cognition component was 80.3 in the excellent category, affection component was 80.05 in the excellent category, and the conation component was 73.1 in the good category. Based on four elementary school samples, those results were consistently found and the environmental care score on the conation component was lower than the other two components. This indicates that cognitive and affective factors do not necessarily affect on students' conations. Even though the students have awareness (cognition) and feelings (affection) related to the surrounding environmental problems, these are not visible in their daily behavior (conation).
Features of the intergenerational transmission of family values
Authors: Karpova V. M. 
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the problem of intra-family intergenerational values transmission and, first of all, reproductive attitudes, the need for children, the values of family and child life. It emphasizes the importance of increasing the reproductive attitudes in the population to overcome the demographic crisis in modern Russia and the world as a whole. The complexity of correctly measuring value orientations and reproductive attitudes, the significant difference between the declared values and real reproductive behavior is noted.To study and predict the development of value orientations of the population, reproductive attitudes characteristic of modern youth representatives, it is necessary to study the process of intergenerational values transmission. Moreover, taking into account that the basic values of a family-children lifestyle are formed within the primary intra-family socialization, it is necessary to study the process of intra-family values transmission from the generation of parents and grandparents to children.The paper presents analysis results of three waves of the study devoted to family-children life performed in 2014–2016, based on a total base of 4500 respondents’ responses. Using correlation and multivariate analysis of variance for paired samples, it is shown that family values of parents are not fully transmitted to children, and the distortion occurs not only at the stage of acceptance of the transmitted values, but also at the level of primary communication. For respondents of different socio-demographic status, representing families with different numbers of children, the decline in the significance of the family is equally characteristic when they transfer the values to their children. In the light of this pattern, the task of working with families and young people becomes important, aimed at raising the status of the family and strengthening intergenerational intra-family interaction.