bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reforming Social Customs through Law: Dynamics and Discrepancies in the Nationalist Reform of the Adoptive Daughter-in-Law
Authors: Du Yue 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Tongyang, rearing daughters-in-law from childhood, was widely practiced as a form of bride price marriage and transactional family building in late imperial and Republican China. Denounced as feudal and backward in twentieth-century public discourse, this time-honored and once legally-protected form of marriage went through significant law reforms in the Republican era. This article examines how the Nationalist Guomindang (GMD) party-state (1928-1949) re-conceptualized tongyang by introducing foreign-inspired notions of parenthood as duty-bound guardianship, and marriage as a union of free choice between spouses. The reformed law annulled the legal relationship between “parents-in-law” and their adoptive daughters-in-law, which enabled adoptive daughters-in-law and their natal parents to dissolve previously established tongyang arrangements through litigation. But outside the courtroom, the Nationalist state adopted a non-interventionist approach toward the practice of tongyang, and took no actions to identify people who violated the law. This particular way of reforming social customs through reforming the law limited the effect of the GMD anti-tongyang legislation on a deeply-rooted social practice. The Nationalist reform of the adoptive daughter-in-law provides historians with a useful lens to discuss the dilemma Nationalist lawmakers faced as they treaded between the lines of offending popular customs and enforcing a rigid new social order through law, the balance of which was intimately connected with the regime’s legitimacy.
The effect of augmented speech-language therapy delivered by telerehabilitation on poststroke aphasia—a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Øra Hege Prag , Kirmess Melanie , Brady Marian C , Partee Iselin , Hognestad Randi Bjor , Johannessen Beate Bertheau , Thommessen Bente , Becker Frank 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Pilot a definitive randomized controlled trial of speech-language telerehabilitation in poststroke aphasia in addition to usual care with regard to recruitment, drop-outs, and language effects. Design: Pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Setting: Telerehabilitation delivered from tertiary rehabilitation center to participants at their home or admitted to secondary rehabilitation centers. Subjects: People with naming impairment due to aphasia following stroke. Intervention: Sixty-two participants randomly allocated to 5 hours of speech and language telerehabilitation by videoconference per week over four consecutive weeks together with usual care or usual care alone. The telerehabilitation targeted functional, expressive language. Main measures: Norwegian Basic Aphasia Assessment: naming (primary outcome), repetition, and auditory comprehension subtests; Verb and Sentence Test sentence production subtest and the Communicative Effectiveness Index at baseline, four weeks, and four months postrandomization. Data were analyzed by intention to treat. Results: No significant between-group differences were seen in naming or auditory comprehension in the Norwegian Basic Aphasia Assessment at four weeks and four months post randomization. The telerehabilitation group ( n = 29) achieved a Norwegian Basic Aphasia Assessment repetition score of 8.9 points higher ( P = 0.026) and a Verb and Sentence Test score 3 points higher ( P = 0.002) than the control group ( n = 27) four months postrandomization. Communicative Effectiveness Index was not significantly different between groups, but increased significantly within both groups. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Augmented telerehabilitation via videoconference may be a viable rehabilitation model for aphasia affecting language outcomes poststroke. A definitive trial with 230 participants is needed to confirm results.
Distant metastases and synchronous malignancies on FDG-PET/CT in patients with head and neck cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Flygare Lennart , Al-Ubaedi Amal , Öhman Wilhelm , Mo Susanna Jakobson 
Published: January 2020

Background Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) has been proven to be a good method to detect distant spread of head and neck cancer (HNC). However, most prior studies are based on Asian populations and may not be directly transferable to western populations. Purpose To investigate the frequency and distribution of distant metastases and synchronous malignancies detected by PET/CT in HNC in a northern Swedish population. Material and Methods All primary whole-body FDG-PET/CT examinations performed on the suspicion of HNC (n = 524 patients) between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2016 at Umeå University Hospital in Sweden were retrospectively reviewed . After the exclusion of 189 examinations without evidence of primary HNC, 335 examinations were analyzed. Results Distant metastases were detected in 10 (3%) patients, all with advanced primary tumors corresponding to TNM stage 3–4, most frequently in salivary gland adenocarcinoma, where 50% of patients had distant spread. Four patients had metastases below the diaphragm, representing 20% of the salivary gland malignancies. In the remaining six patients, metastases were supraphrenic, of which all but one were identified by CT alone. Synchronous malignancies were discovered in 14 (4.2%) patients, of which five were below the diaphragm. Conclusion The overall frequency of distant spread and synchronous malignancy in primary HNC was generally low. However, the risk for distant metastases below the diaphragm was relatively higher in salivary gland adenocarcinoma, supporting whole-body FDG-PET/CT in the primary diagnostic work-up in these patients.
Hypodermoclysis as a Strategy for Patients With End-of-Life Cancer in Home Care Settings
Authors: Coelho Tatiana A. , Wainstein Alberto J. A. , Drummond-Lage Ana P. 
Published: January 2020

Background: The increase in the elderly population associated with a higher incidence of cancer strongly endorses palliative care (PC). Hypodermoclysis (HDC) is a feasible technique for drugs and fluids delivery at the home care setting. Objectives: To assess the use and benefits of HDC in patients with end-of-life cancer assisted by a single home-based palliative care program (HPCP) in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Methods: This was a retrospective study that analyzed medical charts from patients with end-of-life cancer who were assisted by an HPCP in a 1-year period of time. Results: A total of 333 patients, 81.7% with advanced cancer, were included. The most frequent symptoms were fatigue (44.4%) and pain (43.2%). Hypodermoclysis was used in 77.5% of the patients for the administration of fluids or medicines. Continuous palliative sedation was applied to 70.5% of patients. The place of death was home for 90.2% of the patients. Conclusion: Receiving home care assistance with palliative intention may decrease the need for dying patients with cancer to visit emergency units, as their symptoms were well controlled. Hypodermoclysis was a safe and effective alternative for hydration and drug delivery when provided and supervised by an experienced team. The place of death is a reliable indicator of the quality of death, and, in this study, the HPCP allowed patients to die at home with their families. It is essential for PC professionals to understand the impact of HDC use at home care setting for patients with end-of-life cancer allowing the increase of quality of death indicators.
Cancer health promotion in Ghana: A survey of community pharmacists’ perception and barriers
Authors: Mensah Kofi B , Oosthuizen Frasia , Bangalee Varsha 
Published: January 2020

Available data indicate that cancer has emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Ghana. Globally, one of the interventions aimed at disease prevention is through health promotion. To our knowledge, there are no published reports examining the practices of community pharmacists towards cancer health promotion in Ghana. This study was set to examine the perception and perceived barriers of community pharmacists in the provision of cancer health promotion services in Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using electronic questionnaire to assess the perception and perceived barriers of Ghanaian community pharmacists towards provision of cancer health promotion. Key findings The majority of community pharmacists (77.30%) believe that cancer health promotion is an important part of their daily practice. The survey participants were more likely to have a positive perception of the role of the pharmacist if they were older, male, Christian, or had completed the PharmD program ( p < 0.05 for all parameters). Lack of cancer educational materials (69%) was the major perceived barrier in providing cancer health promotion services. Conclusion Ghanaian community pharmacists recognise to play an important role in the provision of cancer health promotion service.
Evaluation of prognostic factors for return of urinary and defecatory function in cats with sacrocaudal luxation
Authors: Couper Elizabeth , De Decker Steven 
Published: January 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes and prognostic factors for cats with sacrocaudal luxation. Methods Medical records and radiographs were reviewed for cats with sacrocaudal luxation. Information obtained from the clinical records included signalment, clinical presentation, concurrent traumatic injuries, treatment details, outcome and survival time. Severity of neurological signs was graded from 1 to 5, based on previous grading systems for cats with sacrocaudal luxation. Degree of vertebral displacement was calculated on survey radiographs. Outcomes were collected from serial neurological examinations and telephone interviews. Cats had to be given a minimum of 30 days to regain urinary function to be included in the study. Results Seventy cats were included. Fifty-five of 61 cats (90%) regained voluntary urinary function. A higher neurological grade was associated with a decreased likelihood ( P = 0.01) and longer duration ( P = 0.0003) of regaining urinary function. No significant associations were found between urinary outcome and age, sex, anal tone, perineal sensation, tail base sensation, degree of craniocaudal or dorsoventral sacrocaudal displacement, concurrent orthopaedic injury, tail amputation, defecatory function at diagnosis and survival. Cats that regained defecatory function had longer survival times than those that did not recover defecatory function ( P = 0.03). Defecatory outcome was not significantly associated with any other variables. Conclusions and relevance In agreement with previous studies, neurological grade is the most important prognostic indicator for cats with sacrocaudal luxation. Determination of the severity of neurological signs can also aid in advising owners the time frame in which urinary function is expected to return. Faecal incontinence may be a more important prognostic factor than previously suspected.
Introducing critical Tiriti policy analysis through a retrospective review of the New Zealand Primary Health Care Strategy
Authors: Came Heather , O’Sullivan D , McCreanor T 
Published: January 2020

Background Te Tiriti o Waitangi was negotiated between the British Crown and Indigenous Māori leaders of Aotearoa New Zealand in 1840. Māori understood the agreement as an affirmation of political authority and a guarantee of British protection of their lands and resources. The Crown understood it as a cession of sovereignty. The tension remains, though legal and political developments in the last 35 years, have established that the agreement places a mandatory obligation on the Crown to protect and promote Māori health. It also requires that Māori may exercise rangatiratanga, or responsibility and authority, in relation to health policy development and implementation. Methods Te Tiriti is, then, an instrument against which health policy is justly and efficaciously evaluated. This paper introduces critical Tiriti analysis as such an evaluative method. Critical Tiriti analysis involves reviewing policy documents against the Preamble and the Articles of te Tiriti o Waitangi. The review process has five defined phases: (i) orientation; (ii) close reading; (iii) determination; (iv) strengthening practice and (v) Māori final word. Results We present a working example of critical Tiriti analysis using the New Zealand Government’s Primary Health Care Strategy published in 2001. This policy analysis found poor alignment with te Tiriti overall and the indicators of its implementation that we propose. Conclusion This paper provides direction to policy makers wanting to improve Māori health outcomes and ensure Māori engagement, leadership and substantive authority in the policy process. It offers an approach to analysing policy that is simple to use and, inherently, a tool for advancing social justice.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin inhibits chemical-induced skin cancer through suppressing hedgehog signaling
Authors: Xiu Dianhui , Cheng Min , Zhang Wenlei , Ma Xibo , Liu Lin 
Published: January 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (PAM) is an inactivate P. aeruginosa with mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin. Recently, the anticancer properties of PAM against many cancers have been reported across a range of studies. However, the exact mechanism through which PAM prevents skin cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study is to show to what extent PAM could inhibit the dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin cancer. JB6 cells were treated by TPA so as to establish an in vitro model. The effects of PAM on proliferation of the cells were analyzed using cell counting kit-8 assays. Effects on epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were assayed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. A DMBA/TPA-induced skin cancer mouse model was also established. The results showed that TPA promoted EMT changes through the activation of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which was reversed by PAM. Moreover, PAM inhibited the cancer growth and Hh pathway in vivo. These data indicate that PAM may serve as a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of skin cancer. Impact statement Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (PAM) restrained the chemical-induced skin cancer cells in vitro and in vivo partly through suppressing the Hh signaling pathway, indicating that PAM may be a promising anticancer agent for treating skin cancer.
Radiological findings in anastomotic leakage after anterior resection may predict a permanent stoma
Authors: Jutesten Henrik , Lydrup Marie-Louise , Landberg Axel , Risberg Daniel , Ekberg Olle , Zackrisson Sophia , Buchwald Pamela 
Published: January 2020

Background Permanent stoma (PS) is common following treatment of anastomotic leakage (AL) after anterior resection (AR) and ways of predicting successful treatment outcome are missing. Purpose To explore radiological variables in rectal contrast studies in their relation to end-result of PS following treatment for AL after AR. Material and Methods The Swedish Cancer Registry (SCRCR) was explored for AL cases after AR for rectal cancer in patients operated in the region of Skåne from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2011. Among identified AL cases, patients subjected to radiological imaging consistent with AL were evaluated according to a predetermined set of radiological variables. Information of PS as the end-result after AL treatment were retrieved from medical records. Results Thirty-two patients had radiological imaging available for analysis confirming AL after AR; PS rate after a median follow-up of 87 months (range = 21–165) after AR was 62%. Radiological findings compatible with abscess ( P = 0.023) and a leak size ≤6 mm ( P = 0.049) were significantly associated with PS. Conclusion In this limited explorative study, our findings suggest that abscess status and leak size could correspond to outcome of PS in treatment for AL after AR. Additional studies are warranted to further explore this subject.
Whole genome sequencing of Borrelia miyamotoi isolate Izh-4: reference for a complex bacterial genome
Authors: Kuleshov Konstantin V. , Margos Gabriele , Fingerle Volker , Koetsveld Joris , Goptar Irina A. , Markelov Mikhail L. , Kolyasnikova Nadezhda M. , Sarksyan Denis S. , Kirdyashkina Nina P. , Shipulin German A. , Hovius Joppe W. , Platonov Alexander E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The genus Borrelia comprises spirochaetal bacteria maintained in natural transmission cycles by tick vectors and vertebrate reservoir hosts. The main groups are represented by a species complex including the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis and relapsing fever group Borrelia. Borrelia miyamotoi belongs to the relapsing fever group of spirochetes and forms distinct populations in North America, Asia, and Europe. As all Borrelia species B. miyamotoi possess an unusual and complex genome consisting of a linear chromosome and a number of linear and circular plasmids. The species is considered an emerging human pathogen and an increasing number of human cases are being described in the Northern hemisphere. The aim of this study was to produce a high quality reference genome that will facilitate future studies into genetic differences between different populations and the genome plasticity of B. miyamotoi.

Results
We used multiple available sequencing methods, including Pacific Bioscience single-molecule real-time technology (SMRT) and Oxford Nanopore technology (ONT) supplemented with highly accurate Illumina sequences, to explore the suitability for whole genome assembly of the Russian B. miyamotoi isolate, Izh-4. Plasmids were typed according to their potential plasmid partitioning genes (PF32, 49, 50, 57/62). Comparing and combining results of both long-read (SMRT and ONT) and short-read methods (Illumina), we determined that the genome of the isolate Izh-4 consisted of one linear chromosome, 12 linear and two circular plasmids. Whilst the majority of plasmids had corresponding contigs in the Asian B. miyamotoi isolate FR64b, there were only four that matched plasmids of the North American isolate CT13–2396, indicating differences between B. miyamotoi populations. Several plasmids, e.g. lp41, lp29, lp23, and lp24, were found to carry variable major proteins. Amongst those were variable large proteins (Vlp) subtype Vlp-α, Vlp-γ, Vlp-δ and also Vlp-β. Phylogenetic analysis of common plasmids types showed the uniqueness in Russian/Asian isolates of B. miyamotoi compared to other isolates.

Conclusions
We here describe the genome of a Russian B. miyamotoi clinical isolate, providing a solid basis for future comparative genomics of B. miyamotoi isolates. This will be a great impetus for further basic, molecular and epidemiological research on this emerging tick-borne pathogen.
Prediction of pre-eclampsia in nulliparous women using routinely collected maternal characteristics: a model development and validation study
Authors: Al-Rubaie Ziad T. A. , Hudson H. Malcolm , Jenkins Gregory , Mahmoud Imad , Ray Joel G. , Askie Lisa M. , Lord Sarah J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Guidelines recommend identifying in early pregnancy women at elevated risk of pre-eclampsia. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a pre-eclampsia risk prediction model for nulliparous women attending routine antenatal care “the Western Sydney (WS) model”; and to compare its performance with the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) risk factor-list approach for classifying women as high-risk.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included all nulliparous women who gave birth in three public hospitals in the Western-Sydney-Local-Health-District, Australia 2011–2014. Using births from 2011 to 2012, multivariable logistic regression incorporated established maternal risk factors to develop and internally validate the WS model. The WS model was then externally validated using births from 2013 to 2014, assessing its discrimination and calibration. We fitted the final WS model for all births from 2011 to 2014, and compared its accuracy in predicting pre-eclampsia with the NICE approach.

Results
Among 12,395 births to nulliparous women in 2011–2014, there were 293 (2.4%) pre-eclampsia events. The WS model included: maternal age, body mass index, ethnicity, multiple pregnancy, family history of pre-eclampsia, autoimmune disease, chronic hypertension and chronic renal disease. In the validation sample (6201 births), the model c-statistic was 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.65–0.75). The observed:expected ratio for pre-eclampsia was 0.91, with a Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test p-value of 0.20. In the entire study sample of 12,395 births, 374 (3.0%) women had a WS model-estimated pre-eclampsia risk ≥8%, the pre-specified risk-threshold for considering aspirin prophylaxis. Of these, 54 (14.4%) developed pre-eclampsia (sensitivity 18% (14–23), specificity 97% (97–98)). Using the NICE approach, 1173 (9.5%) women were classified as high-risk, of which 107 (9.1%) developed pre-eclampsia (sensitivity 37% (31–42), specificity 91% (91–92)). The final model showed similar accuracy to the NICE approach when using lower risk-threshold of ≥4% to classify women as high-risk for pre-eclampsia.

Conclusion
The WS risk model that combines readily-available maternal characteristics achieved modest performance for prediction of pre-eclampsia in nulliparous women. The model did not outperform the NICE approach, but has the advantage of providing individualised absolute risk estimates, to assist with counselling, inform decisions for further testing, and consideration of aspirin prophylaxis.
Patients with more comorbidities have better detection of chronic conditions, but poorer management and control: findings from six middle-income countries
Authors: Sum Grace , Koh Gerald Choon-Huat , Mercer Stewart W. , Wei Lim Yee , Majeed Azeem , Oldenburg Brian , Lee John Tayu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is rising rapidly in middle-income countries (MICs), where NCDs are often undiagnosed, untreated and uncontrolled. How comorbidity impacts diagnosis, treatment, and control of NCDs is an emerging area of research inquiry and have important clinical implications as highlighted in the recent National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for treating patients suffering from multiple NCDs. This is the first study to examine the association between increasing numbers of comorbidities with being undiagnosed, untreated, and uncontrolled for NCDs, in 6 large MICs.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of the World Health Organisation Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (WHO SAGE) Wave 1 (2007–10), which consisted of adults aged ≥18 years from 6 populous MICs, including China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa (overalln = 41, 557).ResultsA higher number of comorbidities was associated with better odds of diagnosis for hypertension, angina, and arthritis, and higher odds of having treatment for hypertension and angina. However, more comorbidities were associated with increased odds of uncontrolled hypertension, angina, arthritis, and asthma. Comorbidity with concordant conditions was associated with improved diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and angina.ConclusionPatients with more comorbidities have better diagnosis of chronic conditions, but this does not translate into better management and control of these conditions. Patients with multiple NCDs are high users of health services and are at an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Hence, improving their access to care is a priority for healthcare systems.