bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING VISUAL AIDS TO PROMOTE SPEAKING SKILLS FOR THE 12TH GRADERS AT CAM PHA HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Nhung Nguyễn Thị , Dương Nguyễn Thị 
Published: April 2020

Nghiên cứu này là một nỗ lực để điều tra việc sử dụng các phương tiện trực quan trong việc dạy nói cho học sinh lớp 12 tại trường trung học Cam Pha. Mục đích chính của nghiên cứu là tìm hiểu: tình hình dạy và học nói tiếng Anh hiện nay tại trường trung học Cam Pha; các hoạt động và kỹ thuật giảng dạy với các phương tiện trực quan được giáo viên và học sinh áp dụng theo sở thích; những khó khăn trong việc học và dạy nói tiếng Anh và sau đó đưa ra một số gợi ý cho giáo viên để kích thích học sinh nói và vượt qua những khó khăn mà họ phải đối mặt trong việc dạy nói tiếng Anh cho học sinh. Nghiên cứu áp dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu hành động, với việc sử dụng các phương pháp nghiên cứu hỗn hợp liên quan đến cả dữ liệu định tính và định lượng. Hai trăm học sinh lớp 12 và bốn giáo viên đã tham gia vào nghiên cứu. Các phát hiện cho thấy rằng việc sử dụng các phương tiện trực quan giúp học sinh tăng cường đáng kể sự quan tâm và tham gia vào các kỹ năng nói. Học sinh cũng báo cáo sự cải thiện của họ về các khía cạnh khác nhau của kỹ năng nói. Nghiên cứu đề xuất ý nghĩa và đề xuất sử dụng các phương tiện trực quan trong việc cải thiện kỹ năng nói.
THE EFFECT OF GIVING BENGKOANG JUICE (PACHYRRHIZUS EROSUS) ON BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AND COMFORT COMPLAINTS TO MENOPAUSE WOMEN IN BENGKULU CITY
Authors: Dewiani Kurnia 
Published: April 2020

Most of the women have been experienced with menopausal syndrome 70-80 %. Estrogen and progesterone hormones activity decrease which the result of the cessation of menstruation followed by various physical and psychological changes. Blood cholesterol levels and complaints of discomfort are the effects of pre and menopause. Reducing the effect of menopause could be done with non-pharmacologically by utilizing natural materials that are easily available, cheap and minimal negative side effects, namely by consuming Bengkoang juice regularly for 21 days. This research aims to recognize the effect of giving Bengkoang juice by cholesterol levels and complaints of discomfort during menopause
This research was a quasi-experimental pre-posttest with control group design. 30 pre and menopausal women participated in their resident of Tanah Patah Village, Bengkulu City with a purposive sampling technique was divided into two groups by simple random sampling. Each group was consisting of 15 women for treatment (Bengkoang juice) and control (soy milk). Assessment of cholesterol levels through an examination used a stick of cholesterol (easy touch), complaints used the questionnaire complaints, and respondents' compliance used the observation sheet. Statistical testing was applied paired T-Test analysis to see differences in cholesterol levels and complaints of discomfort between the two study groups with the significance of the test results based on p <0.05.
The results present a decrease in cholesterol levels and complaints in both groups with a p-value <0.05. Furthermore, in terms of decreased levels of cholesterol (33%) and complaints (45%) were higher than the control group namely cholesterol levels (11%) and complaints ( 21%). This research concluded that the effect of Bengkoang juice on cholesterol levels and complaints of discomfort during menopause is confirmed.
Relación Entre los Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial Intra y Extralaboral con el Aparecimiento del Estrés en los Trabajadores
Authors: Cedeño Lenin , Guamán-Chávez Ramiro , Moreta Miguel , Ramírez Vinicio 
Published: April 2020

En el mundo actual las empresas dedicadas a la producción, dentro de sus procesos existe, ruido, turnos rotativos, esfuerzo físico, movimientos repetitivos, calor, trabajo bajo presión entre otras, que hace posible el aparecimiento de los factores de riesgo psicosocial afectando positivamente o negativamente a los trabajadores en la ejecución de sus trabajos, si el nivel de estrés en los trabajadores es moderado, afecta positivamente que obliga a esforzarse para a ser cada día mejores cumpliendo sus responsabilidades y en su estilo de vida, por la otra parte si el nivel de estrés es en exceso, afecta negativamente al trabajador, al no cumplir las normas de calidad en los procesos productivos o presentar un daño en la operación de la maquinaria, por desconocimiento alguno, que signifique una parada no programada en los procesos productivos, de igual forma representa grandes pérdidas económicas. Esto hace posible la generación de un nivel de estrés en los trabajadores que se dedican a la extracción de aceite de palma africana en el Cantón La Concordia. La presente investigación es de tipo cuantitativa transversal mediante la aplicación de los cuestionarios de libre uso de la batería del ministerio de la protección social, en una empresa de producción que se dedica a la extracción de aceite de palma africana, esta empresa presenta niveles altos de estrés, en los dominios, tanto intralaborales como extralaborales, la cantidad de síntomas y su frecuencia de presentación es indicativa de una respuesta de estrés severa y perjudicial para la salud. Los síntomas más críticos y frecuentes requieren intervención inmediata en el marco de un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica.
Los factores de riesgo intralaborales y extralaborales también presentan un cuadro significativos para su efecto estrés, en los dominios más relevantes tenemos situación económica del grupo familiar se evidencia que el 32% de los trabajadores presentan dificultad económica esto hace posible tener un efecto en el incremento del estrés en los trabajadores, del mismo modo el dominio influencia del entorno extralaboral, los problemas, o calamidades domesticas con sus familiares afectan el bienestar y la actividad laboral del trabajador generando el aumento del nivel de estrés del trabajador.
A Shining Death of Unequal Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
Authors: Chen Xian , Lin D. N. C. , Zhang Xiaojia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the ΛCDM scenario, small galaxies merge to produce larger entities. Since supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are found in galaxies of all sizes, SMBH binaries (SMBHBs) are generally expected to form during the amalgamation of galaxies. It is unclear what fraction of these binaries could eventually merge, but a general consensus is that initially the orbital decay is mediated by the surrounding gas and stars. In this Letter, we show that in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) the radiation field also causes the orbits of the accreting SMBHs to shrink. The corresponding mechanism, known as the “Poynting–Robertson drag” (PR drag), takes effect on a well-defined timescale CT
Sal, where T
Sal is the Salpeter timescale of the AGN, presumably coinciding with the primary SMBH, and

is a constant determined by the radiative efficiency ϵ, the mass ratio q of the two black holes, and a parameter ξ characterizing the size of the circumsecondary accretion disk. We find that when q ≲ a few × 10−5, the PR drag is more efficient in shrinking the binary than many other mechanisms, such as dynamical friction and type-I migration. Our finding points to a possible new channel for the coalescence of unequal SMBHBs and the clearing of intermediate-massive black holes in AGNs.
Development of IFN-Stimulated Gene Expression from Embryogenesis through Adulthood, with and without Constitutive MDA5 Pathway Activation
Authors: Bankers Laura , Miller Caitlin , Liu Guoqi , Thongkittidilok Chommanart , Morrison James , Poeschla Eric M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (e.g., dsRNA) activate expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which protect hosts from infection. Although transient ISG upregulation is essential for effective innate immunity, constitutive activation typically causes harmful autoimmunity in mice and humans, often including severe developmental abnormalities. We have shown that transgenic mice expressing a picornavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) outside the viral context (RdRP mice) exhibit constitutive, MDA5-dependent, and quantitatively dramatic upregulation of many ISGs, which confers broad viral infection resistance. Remarkably, RdRP mice never develop autoinflammation, interferonopathy, or other discernible abnormalities. In this study, we used RNA sequencing and other methods to analyze ISG expression across five time points from fetal development to adulthood in wild-type and RdRP mice. In RdRP mice, the proportion of upregulated ISGs increased during development, with the most dramatic induction occurring 2 wk postnatally. The amplified ISG profile is then maintained lifelong. Molecular pathways and biological functions associated with innate immune and IFN signaling are only activated postnatally, suggesting constrained fetal responsiveness to innate immune stimuli. Biological functions supporting replication of viruses are only inhibited postnatally. We further determined that the RdRP is expressed at low levels and that blocking Ifnar1 reverses the amplified ISG transcriptome in adults. In conclusion, the upregulated ISG profile of RdRP mice is mostly triggered early postnatally, is maintained through adulthood, and requires ongoing type I IFN signaling to maintain it. The model provides opportunities to study the systems biology of innate immunity and to determine how sustained ISG upregulation can be compatible with robust health.
Prevalence and predictors of low bone mineral density in treatment-naive HIV-infected patients and its correlation with CD4 cell counts
Authors: Gupta Pulin Kumar , Singh Sanchit , Mahto Subodh Kumar , Sheoran Ankita , Garga Umesh Chand , Lal Ashok Kumar , Jain Piyush , Mathews Sujata Elizabeth 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
HIV virtually affects every organ system of the body. The skeletal system is no exception, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been implicated in bone diseases. However, not many studies have been done to evaluate bone disease in treatment (ART) naive HIV-infected patients, and hence, the present study was executed.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty HIV-infected ART-naive patients and 80 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited for this study. A thorough history and physical examination was done followed by laboratory investigations after an overnight fasting. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan at the level of lumbar spine, femur, and forearm.

Results:
Of 120 ART-naive HIV-infected cases, the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 13% and 41%, respectively, as compared to 0% and 17.5% in controls (P < 0.001). The mean BMD in cases was 0.842 g/cm2 which was approximately 25% lesser than that in controls. Hypovitaminosis-D was seen in 100% of cases as compared to 65% of controls (P < 0.01). A significant association of low BMD was seen with HIV-infection per se (P < 0.001), low CD4 cell counts (P < 0.001), low Vitamin D levels (P < 0.001), long duration of disease (P < 0.04), history of opportunistic infections (P < 0.03), and history of tuberculosis in the past (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopenia characterized by low BMD are very common in HIV-infected patients. Virus per se, along with low CD4 cell counts and low Vitamin D levels are major predictors of pathological fractures in these individuals.
Phytochemical Screening and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Fingerprinting Profiles of Shigru (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Leaves from Tanzania and India
Authors: Das Manosi , Mitra Achintya , Banerji Avijit , Roy Swaswati , Hazra Jayram 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
Shigru or Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is a very useful medicinal plant in folklore medicines of Africa and Asia for the treatment of diseases like ulcers, wounds, inflammation, heart problem, stroke, obesity, anemia, and liver damage. Moreover, the plant leaves are very good supplements for malnutrition and are also used as an antimicrobial agent. The present work was carried out for assessment of physicochemical constants screening of phytochemicals and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting of the plant samples.

Materials and methods:
The crude powders of M. oleifera leaves of two varieties, collected from India and Tanzania, were subjected to the physicochemical analysis. The methanolic extracts of the respective leaves were subjected to phytochemical screening to determine the classes of phytoconstituents present and generate HPTLC fingerprinting profiles.

Results:
Phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, and proteins in both the varieties, but in different concentrations. The HPTLC finger printing profile of the methanolic extract of the M. oleifera leaves collected from Tanzania showed more number of bands with higher concentrations as compared to that of the Indian variety.

Conclusion:
This research article compares the physicochemical and phytochemical parameters as well as HPTLC profiles of the leaves of the two designated M. oleifera varieties. Besides the importance for authenticating the plant samples, the present results also show that both the varieties can be used as herbal drugs for different purposes.
A Comparative Pharmacological Evaluation of Antianxiety Activity of Raw and Traditionally Shodhita (Processed) Rhizome of Vacha (Acorus calamus L.)
Authors: Acharya Rabinarayan , Bhatt Savita , Ashok Basti K , Ravishankar Basavaiah 
Published: April 2020

Background:

Vacha (Acorus calamus L.; Acoraceae), one of the well-known drug of Ayurvedic pharmacopeia, is highlighted for its Medhya (brain tonic), Sanjnasthapana (restores lost consciousness), Deepana (appetizer), Pachana (digestive), etc., properties and hence used extensively in therapeutics. Ayurvedic pharmacopeias like Chakradatta, Bhaishajya Ratnavali, and Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) have recommended Shodana (processing) of Vacha using certain media like Gomutra, Mundi Kwatha, Gandhodaka, etc. It has been reported by us that subjecting to Shodhana is not only safe to use but also enhances the therapeutic activity of Vacha.

Aim:
To assess the antianxiety activity of raw and shodhita (processed) Vacha rhizomes in different experimental animal models.

Materials and methods:
Swiss albino mice of either sex weighing 24 ± 4 g, of either sex, were administered with raw and shodhita Vacha (16 mg/kg body weight) along with distilled water. Diazepam (2 mg/kg body weight) was used as a standard drug.

Results and conclusion:
Pretreatment with both raw and classically processed Vacha samples exhibited significant antianxiety activity; among them, the observed activity in shodhita Vacha was found to be better. The present study confirms the antianxiety activity of raw and shodhita Vacha. But when subjected to the traditional Shodhana procedure, the efficacy of Vacha rhizomes get enhanced.
Subacute Oral Toxicity Assessment of a Herbomineral Formulation with Shilajit, Swarna Bhasma and other Ingredients
Authors: Gupta Arun , Kumar Satyendra , Singh Promila , Gupta Pankaj , Sastry JLN 
Published: April 2020

Background:
An Ayurvedic herbomineral formulation containing Shilajit, Swarna bhasma, and other ingredients intended to be used as a rejuvenator for increasing strength stamina and endurance was investigated for its subacute oral toxicity in Wistar rats.

Materials and methods:
The study was conducted as per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. Test item (TI) was administered to three groups at three dose levels (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight BW) for 28 consecutive days. Animals in one group were taken as high-dose satellite reversal along with one control group and one satellite control group that received Milli-Q water (10 mL/kg BW). Any clinical sign of toxicity/mortality was observed. Signs of delayed onset of toxicity was observed in satellite groups for the next 14 days.

Results:
No mortality or clinical sign of toxicity was observed. All animals from the treated and satellite groups showed similar weight gain and feeding as of control group during dosing and recovery periods. Hematological and biochemical parameters were within the range of normalcy in treated and control groups. Necropsy examination did not reveal any significant gross pathology changes. Organ weights in treated group were comparable to control group. Histopathology of high-dose-treated animals and control animals was also comparable.

Conclusion:
Tested formulation containing Shilajit, Swarna bhasma, and other ingredients was found to be nontoxic at tested doses in both the sexes of Wistar rats on subacute administration. Results of the current study show that TI has no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 1000 mg/kg BW on subacute oral exposure to Wistar rats for 28 days.
Evaluation of the Procurement Time of Kalmegh [Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees], through HPLC, Macro- and Microscopic Studies
Authors: Cheemalapati Venkata N , Sharma Neelima , Mangal Anupam K , Rekha Prabhu , Srikanth Naraynam , Murthy Soma N 
Published: April 2020

Aim:
This study was conducted to validate the most suitable collection time for Kalmegh [Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees] by comparing the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) estimation of andrographolide in different seasons and pharmacognostical study of aerial parts of the plant. In Ayurvedic texts, procurement time of A. paniculata has not been mentioned; hence, this study was performed to validate the most suitable time of collection of the plant.

Materials and methods:
The aerial part of Kalmegh [Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees] was collected from the Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (RARI) garden from the same locations in the different seasons described in Ayurveda, i.e., Shishir or winter season (Jan to Feb), Vasant or spring season (Mar to Apr), Grishm or summer season (May to June), Varsha or rainy season (Jul to Aug), Sharad or autumn season (Sept to Oct), and Hemant or early winter season (Nov to Dec). The source of the collected plant materials was authenticated at National Vrkshayurveda Research Institute (NVARI), Jhansi Herbarium acronym code “JHS” (Accession no. 23598). Identification, comparative macroscopic and microscopic along with powder microscopy, of the aerial parts of A. panniculata in each season was carried out, in addition to the extraction of different solvents such as methanol, alcohol, and hydroalcoholic through Soxhlet, and its comparative quantitative analysis of the extracted material in all six seasons through HPLC for the different seasons at Captain Srinivas Murthy Regional Ayurveda Drug Development Institute, Chennai.

Results:
Extractive value of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees was found to be maximum, i.e., 1.3787 g (27.57%) of Varsha Ritu sample in methanol extract. The marker compound, andrographolide is high, i.e., 2.0312 to 2.2093 (% w/w) in Varsha ritu, through the HPLC analysis. The drug shows floral parts, i.e., pollen grains, epidermis of petals, fragments of trichome from the anthers in powder microscopy in Shishir, Sharad, and Hemant Ritu samples, whereas in Vasant, Grishm, and Varsha Ritu are devoid of floral parts.

Conclusion:
The study finds that the best procurement season for A. paniculata Nees. is Varsha Ritu for better therapeutic results in terms of assay of andrographolide.
Validation of a handheld β-hydroxybutyrate acid meter to identify hyperketonaemia in ewes
Authors: Araújo Carolina Akiko Sato Cabral , Minervino Antonio Humberto Hamad , Sousa Rejane Santos , Oliveira Francisco Leonardo Costa , Rodrigues Frederico Augusto Mazzocca Lopes , Mori Clara Satsuki , Ortolani Enrico Lippi 
Published: April 2020

Background
The end of pregnancy is the period with the highest risk of occurrences of ketosis and pregnancy toxemia due to fat mobilization and increasing non-esterified fatty acids in the liver which are converted in ketone bodies, mainly β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHB). This ketone body may also become elevated in the bloodstream. The present study validates the use of a handheld meter for determining the blood concentration of BHB and ascertaining the predictive value and accuracy of BHB measurements in diagnosing hyperketonaemia in ewes.

Methods
A total of 19, non-pregnant, crossbred ewes were subjected to 2 h of intravenous infusion of a saturated BHB solution. Over 6 h of evaluation, 247 blood samples were obtained in 13 sampling moments. The BHB concentration was measured by an enzymatic colorimetric method in an automated biochemical analyzer (gold-standard) and by a handheld meter using an electrochemical enzyme technique.

Results
There was a high correlation between both methods (r = 0.98; P < 0.001). Considering the blood BHB concentrations range 0.8–1.6 mmol/L for moderate ketosis the handheld meter presented sensitivity and specificity of 0.98 and 0.81, respectively. For severe ketosis (BHB ≥ 1.6 mmol/L) sensitivity and specificity were 0.99 and 0.75, respectively. Thus, the handheld device can be useful for diagnoses of cases of mild or severe pregnancy toxemia at field conditions.
Isolation and Identification of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from Raw Goat Meat in Uyo Metropolis, Akwaibom State
Authors: Ajulo Hephzibah Oluwatoyin , Ajulo Matthew Olugbenga , Ekereumoh N. S. E. Udo 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: In Nigeria, abattoirs have become a source of infection and pollution, attracting domestic animals, wild carnivores and rodents due to lack of adequate slaughtering and disposal facilities. Improper processing of meat consumed by the majority of people in Nigeria is a serious public health issue.
Aims: This study was aimed at isolating, characterizing, and identifying Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli from raw goat meat in Uyo metropolis.
Study Design: Fresh goat meat samples were collected from different locations within Uyo metropolis namely; such as goat meat collected at Itam junction market (GTI), Anua junction market (GTA), Ikot Okubo junction market (GTO), Itak Uyo market (GTU), Etuk market (GTE), Ndueh Otong market (GTN) and Mbiere Ebeh market (GTM).
Results: The analysis of fresh raw goat meat in Uyo metropolis showed that the total viable count of bacterial load detected on the fresh raw goat meat samples ranged from 9.1X102cfu/g to 1.07X104cfu/g. The highest bacterial count for E. coli was obtained from raw goat meat obtained from GTA1 (3.4X103 cfu/g) followed by GTM2 (3.2X103 cfu/g). The highest bacterial count for Salmonella was obtained from raw goat meat obtained from GTO1 (1.07X104) followed by GTM 2 (1.02X104). The result showed that in addition to E. coli (100%) that was found in all goat meat samples, the most common isolated microorganisms from the fresh raw goat meat samples was Salmonella choleraesuis (38.8%) followed by Salmonella salaemae (34.4%) and Salmonella kauffmanni (9.5%) respectively.
Conclusion: This study has indicated high microbial contamination of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. in the raw goat meats sold at the selected junctions of Uyo metropolis which suggested a high level of contamination of raw goat meats use for consumed in homes within Uyo metropolis.