bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated network modeling approach defines key metabolic responses of soil microbiomes to perturbations
Authors: McClure Ryan S. , Lee Joon-Yong , Chowdhury Taniya Roy , Bottos Eric M. , White Richard Allen , Kim Young-Mo , Nicora Carrie D. , Metz Thomas O. , Hofmockel Kirsten S. , Jansson Janet K. , Song Hyun-Seob 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe soil environment is constantly changing due to shifts in soil moisture, nutrient availability and other conditions. To contend with these changes, soil microorganisms have evolved a variety of ways to adapt to environmental perturbations, including regulation of gene expression. However, it is challenging to untangle the complex phenotypic response of the soil to environmental change, partly due to the absence of predictive modeling frameworks that can mechanistically link molecular-level changes in soil microorganisms to a community’s functional phenotypes (or metaphenome). Towards filling this gap, we performed a combined analysis of metabolic and gene co-expression networks to explore how the soil microbiome responded to changes in soil moisture and nutrient conditions and to determine which genes were expressed under a given condition. Our integrated modeling approach revealed previously unknown, but critically important aspects of the soil microbiomes’ response to environmental perturbations. Incorporation of metabolomic and transcriptomic data into metabolic reaction networks identified condition-specific signature genes that are uniquely associated with dry, wet, and glycine-amended conditions. A subsequent gene co-expression network analysis revealed that drought-associated genes occupied more central positions in a network model of the soil community, compared to the genes associated with wet, and glycine-amended conditions. These results indicate the occurrence of system-wide metabolic coordination when soil microbiomes cope with moisture or nutrient perturbations. Importantly, the approach that we demonstrate here to analyze large-scale multi-omics data from a natural soil environment is applicable to other microbiome systems for which multi-omics data are available.
Retrospective study of short-term complications associated with early morphine use in intubated premature infants
Authors: Al-Mouqdad Mountasser M. , Khalil Thanaa M. , Asfour Suzan S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRelieving neonatal pain is essential for the management of premature infants. Morphine is the most frequently used analgesic in neonatal intensive care. Here we report the relationship between early morphine infusion and the composite outcome of intraventricular hemorrhage and/or death in intubated premature infants. Infants (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks and birth weight < 1,500 g) intubated on admission were retrospectively evaluated in a large tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Modified log-Poisson regression with robust variance estimator and Cox regression was applied to adjust the relative risk for infants’ outcomes. Of 420 premature infants, 230 (54.7%) received continuous morphine infusion in the first 72 h. Of these, 153 were < 28 gestational weeks; of the 190 patients who did not receive morphine, 63 were < 28 gestational weeks. The analysis revealed that infants < 28 gestational weeks who received morphine were significantly associated with an increased risk for IVH and/or death [adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–1.71)], and mortality (aRR 1.83, 95% CI 1.17–2.89). Moreover, in infants < 28 gestational weeks, survival was low in those infants who were exposed to morphine infusion in the first 72 h (hazard ratio 2.11; 95% CI 1.19–3.73). Early morphine infusion is associated with an increased risk for IVH and/or death; however, further studies are required to verify our findings.
Effects of pirfenidone targeting the tumor microenvironment and tumor-stroma interaction as a novel treatment for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Fujiwara Ayako , Funaki Soichiro , Fukui Eriko , Kimura Kenji , Kanou Takashi , Ose Naoko , Minami Masato , Shintani Yasushi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTargeting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as well as the crosstalk between stroma and cancer cells, could be of value in managing cancers. Pirfenidone (PFD) is an anti-fibrotic agent for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the possibility that PFD might exert an anti-tumor effect through inhibition of fibroblast activation and the tumor-stroma interaction in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines in vitro and in vivo. PFD significantly inhibited myofibroblast differentiation and activation of both primary cultured normal human lung fibroblasts and CAFs. Cocultivation of NSCLC cells with conditioned media (CM) of fibroblasts changed the morphology or epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) status, and PFD suppressed these changes. Cocultivation of CAFs with CM of NSCLC cells also induced activation of CAFs, and these changes were suppressed by PFD. On in vivo examination, CAFs promoted tumor progression, and PFD suppressed tumor progression with an inhibitory effect on tumor-stroma crosstalk. PFD might inhibit not only fibroblast activity, but also the crosstalk between cancer cells and fibroblasts. PFD may have great potential as a novel treatment for NSCLC from multiple perspectives.
Heat capacity signature of frustrated trimerons in magnetite
Authors: Sahling S. , Lorenzo J. E. , Remenyi G. , Marin C. , Katkov V. L. , Osipov V. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecently it has been proposed that the long-range electronic order formed by trimerons in magnetite should be frustrated due to the great degeneracy of arrangements linking trimerons. This result has important consequences as charge ordering from the condensed minority band electrons leads to a complex 3D antiferro orbital order pattern. Further more, the corner sharing tetrahedra structure of spinel B-sites supports frustration for antiferromagnetic alignments. Therefore frustration due to competing interactions will itself induce disorder and very likely frustration in the spin orientations. Here we present very low temperature specific heat data that show two deviations to the magnons and phonons contributions, that we analyze in terms of Schottky-type anomalies. The first one is associated with the thermal activation across both ferroelastic twin and ferromagnetic anti-phase domains. The second Schottky-type anomaly displays an inverse (1/H) field dependence which is a direct indication of the disordered glassy network with macroscopically degenerated singular ground states.
Loss of protozoan and metazoan intestinal symbiont biodiversity in wild primates living in unprotected forests
Authors: Barelli Claudia , Pafčo Barbora , Manica Mattia , Rovero Francesco , Rosà Roberto , Modrý David , Hauffe Heidi C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn light of the current biodiversity crisis, investigating the human impact on non-human primate gut biology is important to understanding the ecological significance of gut community dynamics across changing habitats and its role in conservation. Using traditional coproscopic parasitological techniques, we compared the gastrointestinal protozoan and metazoan symbiont richness of two primates: the Udzungwa red colobus (Procolobus gordonorum) and the yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus). These species live sympatrically in both protected and unprotected forests within the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania with distinct ecological adaptations and diets. Our results showed that terrestrial and omnivorous yellow baboons had 2 (95% CI 1.47–2.73) and 3.78 (2.62–5.46) times higher gut symbiont richness (both including and excluding rare protozoans) compared to the arboreal and leaf-eating Udzungwa red colobus in unprotected and protected forest, respectively. We also found a consistent depletion of symbiont richness in red colobus living in the unprotected forest fragment compared to the continuous protected forests [the latter having 1.97 times (95% CI 1.33–2.92) higher richness], but not in yellow baboons. Richness reduction was particularly evident in the Udzungwa red colobus monkeys, confirming the pattern we reported previously for gut bacterial communities. This study demonstrates the impact of human activities even on the microbiodiversity of the intestinal tract of this species. Against the background of rapid global change and habitat degradation, and given the health benefits of intact gut communities, the decrease in natural gut symbionts reported here is worrying. Further study of these communities should form an essential part of the conservation framework.
Increased levels of VEGF-C and macrophage infiltration in lipedema patients without changes in lymphatic vascular morphology
Authors: Felmerer Gunther , Stylianaki Aikaterini , Hollmén Maija , Ströbel Philipp , Stepniewski Adam , Wang Anna , Frueh Florian S. , Kim Bong-Sung , Giovanoli Pietro , Lindenblatt Nicole , Gousopoulos Epameinondas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLipedema is a chronic adipose tissue disorder characterized by the disproportional subcutaneous deposition of fat and is commonly misdiagnosed as lymphedema or obesity. The molecular determinants of the lipedema remain largely unknown and only speculations exist regarding the lymphatic system involvement. The aim of the present study is to characterize the lymphatic vascular involvement in established lipedema. The histological and molecular characterization was conducted on anatomically-matched skin and fat biopsies as well as serum samples from eleven lipedema and ten BMI-matched healthy patients. Increased systemic levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C (P = 0.02) were identified in the serum of lipedema patients. Surprisingly, despite the increased VEGF-C levels no morphological changes of the lymphatic vessels were observed. Importantly, expression analysis of lymphatic and blood vessel-related genes revealed a marked downregulation of Tie2 (P < 0.0001) and FLT4 (VEGFR-3) (P = 0.02) consistent with an increased macrophage infiltration (P = 0.009), without changes in the expression of other lymphatic markers. Interestingly, a distinct local cytokine milieu, with decreased VEGF-A (P = 0.04) and VEGF-D (P = 0.02) expression was identified. No apparent lymphatic anomaly underlies lipedema, providing evidence for the different disease nature in comparison to lymphedema. The changes in the lymphatic-related cytokine milieu might be related to a modified vascular permeability developed secondarily to lipedema progression.
Correcting for chromatic stellar activity effects in transits with multiband photometric monitoring: application to WASP-52
Authors: Rosich A. , Herrero E. , Mallonn M. , Ribas I. , Morales J. C. , Perger M. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Granzer T. 
Published: July 2020

Context.The properties, distribution, and evolution of inhomogeneities on the surface of active stars, such as dark spots and bright faculae, significantly influence the determination of the parameters of an orbiting exoplanet. The chromatic effect they have on transmission spectroscopy, for example, could affect the analysis of data from future space missions such asJames WebbSpace Telescope and Ariel.Aims.To quantify and mitigate the effects of those surface phenomena, we developed a modelling approach to derive the surface distribution and properties of active regions by modelling simultaneous multi-wavelength time-series observables.Methods.We present an upgraded version of theStarSimcode, now featuring the capability to solve the inverse problem and derive the properties of the stars and their active regions by modelling time-series data. As a test case, we analyse ~600 days ofBV RImultiband photometry from the 0.8-mJoan Oró(TJO) and 1.2-m STELLA telescopes of the K2 V exoplanet host star WASP-52. From the results, we further simulated the chromatic contribution of surface phenomena on the observables of its transiting planet.Results.UsingStarSimwe are able to determine the relevant activity parameters of WASP-52 and reconstruct the time-evolving longitudinal map of active regions. The star shows a heterogeneous surface composed of dark spots with a mean temperature of 575 ± 150 K lower than the photospheric value, with filling factors ranging from 3 to 14%. We used the results to study the chromatic effects on the depths of exoplanet transits obtained at different epochs and corresponding to different stellar spot distributions. In the case of WASP-52, which has peak-to-peak photometric variations of ~7% in the visible, the residual effects of dark spots on the measured transit depth of its giant planet, after applying the calculated corrections, are about 10−4at 550 nm and 3 × 10−5at 6μm.Conclusions.We demonstrate that by using contemporaneous ground-based multiband photometry of an active star, it is possible to reconstruct the parameters and distribution of active regions over time, thus making it feasible to quantify the chromatic effects on the planetary radii measured with transit spectroscopy and mitigate them by about an order of magnitude.
Invasive Beatmungstherapie im Sterbeprozess beenden – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Schwartz Jacqueline , Meier Stefan , Simon Steffen T. , Michels Guido 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInvasive mechanical ventilation can be terminated by immediate (palliative) extubation or by gradual reduction of ventilation with the ventilation access left open (terminal weaning). Both procedures are ethically equivalent and can be performed in everyday life, so that individual patient factors and the experience of the treatment team are decisive. However, the primary goal is to ensure that the patient and relatives do not suffer. This article presents step by step which aspects are relevant: communication, adjust or stop monitoring, selection and implementation of the appropriate procedure, preparatory measures, recognition and treatment of distressing symptoms by means of drug or non-drug therapy options and last but not least accurate documentation.
Nervensonografie – eine neurologische Perspektive auf chirurgisch relevante Krankheitsbilder der peripheren Nerven
Authors: Schreiber Stefanie , Vielhaber Stefan , Schelle Thomas 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Nervensonografie ist ein relativ neues und patientennahes Verfahren zur Visualisierung der peripheren Nerven von ihren distalen bis zu den proximalen Segmenten. Mithilfe dieser Methode gelingt die Auffindung und anatomisch genaue Lokalisation von peripher-nervalen Läsionen sowie deren ätiologische Zuordnung. Die Nervensonografie kann dabei nervale Engpasssyndrome und deren sekundäre Ursachen relativ sicher diagnostizieren. Auch operativ zu versorgende Faszikeltorsionen lassen sich mithilfe von Ultraschall nachweisen. Weitere Anwendungsgebiete eröffnen sich durch sonografisch geführte Interventionen am peripheren Nerven sowie im Rahmen der intraoperativen Anwendung als Navigationsverfahren. In der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit mit den chirurgischen Fachrichtungen liegt der Wert des Nervenultraschalls vor allem in der frühzeitigen Detektion von irreversiblen traumatischen Nervenschädigungen i. S. kompletter Nervendurchtrennungen, die eine frühzeitige operative
Versorgung erforderlich machen. Für die neurologische Diagnostik relevant ist die Differenzierung zwischen verschiedenen Polyneuropathieformen. Der vorgelegte Übersichtsartikel soll eine Einführung in das Feld der Nervensonografie geben und die für die chirurgisch relevanten Krankheitsbilder des peripheren Nervensystems wesentlichen Ultraschallbefunde darstellen. Dieses neue bildgebende Verfahren wird zukünftig einer der Schlüssel für den Aufbau von interdisziplinären Kompetenzzentren zur Versorgung von Krankheitsbildern der peripheren Nerven sein.
A Prospective, Randomized Trial Testing Different Regimens of
Carbohydrate Administration to Prevent Major Reduction in Plasma Glucose
Follwing a Standardized Bout of Moderate Physical Activity in Patients with Type
1 Diabetes
Authors: Frenzke Hanna , Varnhorn Annette , Schulze Heike , Kahle-Stephan Melanie , Nauck Michael A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aim/Hypothesis It was the aim to prospectively study regimes
of “preventive” carbohydrate administration to avoid major
reduction in plasma glucose during physical activity.
Methods 24 patients with type 1 diabetes (age 41±12 years; 11
women, 13 men; BMI 26.5±4.7 kg/m2;
HbA1c 9.1±1.5%; insulin dose
0.64±0.22 IU/kg body weight and day) participated in one
experiment without physical activity and in three experiments with a 4 km,
60 min hike starting at 2 p.m.. No “preventive”
carbohydrates, 2×10 g or 2×20 g carbohydrates (muesli bars)
were taken when starting and after 30 min (randomized order). Plasma glucose
was determined.
Results Within 30 min after starting physical activity, plasma
glucose fell by approximately 70 mg/dl, making additional
carbohydrate intake necessary in 70% of the subjects. This drop was
not prevented by any regimens of “preventive” carbohydrate
intake. After the nadir, plasma glucose rose faster after the 2×20 g
carbohydrate regime (the largest amount tested; p=0.0036). With
“preventive” administration of carbohydrates, significantly
(p<0.05) less additional “therapeutic” carbohydrates
needed to be administered in 6 h following the initiation of the hike.
Conclusions/Interpretation In conclusion, in the setting of 2
h postprandial exercise in type 1 diabetes, preventive carbohydrate
supplementation alone will not completely eliminate the risk of brisk falls
in plasma glucose concentrations or hypoglycaemic episodes. Else, higher
amounts or repeated administration of carbohydrates may be necessary.
Level of Anxiety and Depression and Its Clinical and Sociodemographic Determinants among the Parents of Children with Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Srivastava Shivayan , Menon Vikas , Kayal Smita , Hari Meenatchi , Dubashi Biswajit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to find the level of anxiety and depression and its clinical and sociodemographic determinants among the parents of children with cancer on chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods Hamilton-A (HAM-A) and Hamilton-D (HAM-D) scales were used to assess anxiety and depression, respectively, in this cross-sectional study. The assessed parents were administered the questionnaire along with collection of sociodemographic and clinical data through a structured data collection proforma between August 2018 and November 2018.

Statistical Analysis The sociodemographic factors and the clinical characteristics were analyzed and have been expressed descriptively and associations between the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics of the children, and the calculated scores obtained from HAM-A and HAM-D scales were analyzed using chi-squared test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results Out of 101 parents, 86 (85.14%) were found to have a mild, moderate, or severe depression score. Parents of children with solid tumors undergoing chemotherapy had higher frequency of severe and very severe depression. Majority of the parents (56.4%) assessed with HAM-A scale had mild level of anxiety that was significantly affected by the level of education.

Conclusion This study confirmed a very high frequency of depression and anxiety in the parents of children affected with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Type of cancer (solid or hematological) was found to be a predictor of depression, while education level was found to be a predictor of anxiety in the parents.
Improving a fuzzy neural network for predicting storage usage and calculating customer value
Authors: Rabieyan Reza , Pohl Philipp 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Predicting the behavior of customers plays a crucial role in the quality of resource management and customer services. In this article, a fuzzy neural network model for predicting the customer storage usage is identified. The identified fuzzy neural network is improved and finally the result of the improved fuzzy neural network is compared with some other fuzzy neural network and other prediction methods.
Air distribution in long transportation tunnels of the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM)
Authors: Krasyuk AM , Lugin IV , Alferova EL 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the research findings on air distribution due to piston effect in long railway tunnels. Modeling was performed for a freight train 1 km long in tunnels 3 and 6 km in length by way of numerical experimentation in the ANSYS Fluent environment. As a result, the relations of the air pressure on the front and back surfaces of the train to the train location in the tunnel were obtained, and the aerodynamic drag in the tunnel clearance was evaluated. The results were used to develop a quasi-dynamic model of piston effect for solving problems on static air distribution with network models. The air flow rates calculated for various cross-section tunnels with ANSYS Fluent and a network model exhibited satisfactory agreement. In the meanwhile, the time of solution for a tunnel 3 km long is 4·105 shorter with the network model than with 3D model, which is of practical importance in case of multi-variate calculations in ventilation deign for railway tunnels.
Process to assess rheological characteristics of rocks by underground geodesic data in terms of a viscoelastic model
Authors: Panov AV , Nazarov LA , Miroshnichenko NA 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Under consideration is the process for evaluation of rheological properties of construction components in the underground chamber-and-pillar system to mine solid mineral reserves. The process is based on solving the inverse mixed-type problems in terms of a 2D viscoelastic geomedium model. Feasibility is demonstrated to evaluate in-situ state parameters characterizing rheological deformation of rocks. Numerical experiments with the use of synthetic input data (viz. relative displacements of the worked-out space contour points recorded by underground geodesic monitoring) for the prescribed absolute precision of the instruments made it possible to establish a required population of measurement data to provide an inverse problem-solving procedure.
Effect of a shock pulse shape on hollow pipe driving in soil: The field studies
Authors: Smolentsev AS , Primychkin AYu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This pilot research is aimed to advance vibropercussion driving of steel casings in soil in construction of underground utilities. The goal is to find mechanisms of fill of the casing tube with soil under different-shape shock pulses. The influence of the impact energy structure (shock pulse shape) is theoretically related with efficiency of hollow rod penetration in soil. The quantitative estimate of fill on the tube interior with soil uses a dimensionless fill factor. The influence of the tube diameter on increment in the soil plug length is demonstrated in terms of different percussive machines with different impact energies. The authors present a test bench and a procedure of the field research in various ground conditions, interpret the obtained data and compare them with the earlier results, both own and foreign.
Justification of pneumatic percussion machine performance in formation of main cracks from holes in natural stone
Authors: Tambovtsev PN 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The study focuses on a percussive machine for directional fracturing of natural stone. The impact machine forces a rock-breaking tool to make a hole and penetrate it. Stone is propped as a result, and a main crack is formed finally along the row of holes. For the gravity-type pneumatic percussion machines, the circuit design is justified, and the numerical analysis of structural constants and performance of the machines is carried out based on the modeled dynamics of basic units. The operating cycle of the machine was evaluated by blow energy, blow frequency and compressed air flow rate. It is found that the operating cycle of the gravity-type pneumatic percussion machine with elastic valve ensures effective consumption of compressed air and high energy of impact. The numerical modeling data are proved by experimental results at the Institute of Mining, SB RAS.