bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Pre‐ and Post‐Positional Semi‐Random Graph Processes
Authors: Gao Pu , Koerts Hidde 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe study the semi‐random graph process, and a variant process recently suggested by Nick Wormald. We show that these two processes are asymptotically equally fast in constructing a semi‐random graph that has property , for the following examples of : (1) is the set of graphs containing a fixed ‐degenerate subgraph, where is fixed and (2) is the set of ‐connected graphs, where is fixed. In particular, our result of the ‐connectedness above settles the open case of the original semi‐random graph process. We also prove that there exist properties where the two semi‐random graph processes do not construct a graph in asymptotically equally fast. We further propose some conjectures on for which the two processes perform differently.
Widespread Decline of the Warm Season Snow Depth Over Arctic Sea Ice Revealed by Satellite Passive Microwave Measurements
Authors: Li Haili , Ke Chang‐Qing , Zhu Qinghui , Shen Xiaoyi , Cai Yu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSummer snow plays an essential role in Arctic hydrology and in maintaining mass and energy balance of sea ice. However, there are great challenges in retrieving long‐term summer snow depths over Arctic sea ice. Here, we proposed a combined novel five‐variable long short‐term memory (hereafter CN5VLSTM) model based on brightness temperature data to yield warm‐season snow depth estimates. Then, year‐round snow depth estimates were obtained for the first time. The CN5VLSTM model and five additional snow depth methods were assessed during the warm season based on the ice mass balance buoy (IMB), Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) snow buoy (AWI‐SB) and Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) snow buoy (MOSAiC‐SB). According to the three buoy products, the accuracy of the CN5VLSTM‐derived snow depth was highest among the five snow depth estimates with RMSEs of 10.2, 16.4, and 10.1 cm, respectively. Except for in May, the Arctic snow depth showed mainly a downward trend in warm months, and a significant downward trend was found in the Central Arctic. Excluding the Barents Sea, Kara Sea and Canadian Archipelago, the average year‐round snow depth decreased in the other subregions, and a significant negative trend was observed in the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas. Snowfall was an important factor that was related to the changes in snow depth in the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas. This study can provide new insights into the evolution characteristics of summer snow depth.
Sonographic Characterization of Red‐Blue Neurofibromas in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Oteiza‐Rius Inés , Estenaga Pérez de Albéniz Ángela , Hernández‐Martin Ángela , Alfageme Roldán Fernando , García‐Martínez Francisco Javier 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesRed‐blue neurofibromas (RBNs), found in up to 29% of adult neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients, present as red‐blue macules measuring 1–2 cm in diameter, primarily on the trunk. Despite their prevalence, RBNs often go unnoticed due to their subtle appearance. Ultrasound characterization serves as a diagnostic clue yet lacks comprehensive studies in both adult and pediatric populations. This study aims to define and compare RBNs' prevalence, characteristics, and ultrasound features in adult and pediatric patients with NF1.MethodsThis prospective study involved 118 patients (92 pediatric patients and 26 adults) diagnosed with NF1. Clinical examinations combined with cutaneous ultrasound scans using linear multifrequency probes (L4–12t, L10–22, ML6–15, or L8–18 MHz) were performed in order to determine the prevalence, and clinical and sonographic characteristics of RBN in both populations. Statistical analyses were performed using t tests and chi‐square tests.ResultsRBNs were found in 26.3% (31) of the patients after clinical examination, including 179 lesions. RBN prevalence differed significantly between pediatric (10.9%) and adult (66.7%) patients. Lesions were primarily on the trunk and exhibited similar clinical characteristics. Ultrasound reveals RBNs as hypoechoic, oval lesions with irregular borders. Our results show that pediatric RBNs are typically more superficial and hypoechogenic, while adult RBNs are deeper and more heterogeneous.ConclusionUltrasound findings showed subtle differences in lesion depth, morphology, and echogenicity between these 2 age‐related groups. These changes highlight ultrasound's role in identifying RBNs in patients with NF1 and monitoring their evolution.
Multimodal data fusion AI model uncovers tumor microenvironment immunotyping heterogeneity and enhanced risk stratification of breast cancer
Authors: Yu Yunfang , Cai Gengyi , Lin Ruichong , Wang Zehua , Chen Yongjian , Tan Yujie , He Zifan , Sun Zhuo , Ouyang Wenhao , Yao Herui , Zhang Kang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBreast cancer is the leading cancer among women, with a significant number experiencing recurrence and metastasis, thereby reducing survival rates. This study focuses on the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in breast cancer immunotherapy response. We conducted an analysis involving 1027 patients from Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University, and The Cancer Genome Atlas, utilizing RNA sequencing and pathology whole‐slide images. We employed unsupervised clustering to identify distinct lncRNA expression patterns and developed an AI‐based pathology model using convolutional neural networks to predict immune–metabolic subtypes. Additionally, we created a multimodal model integrating lncRNA data, immune‐cell scores, clinical information, and pathology images for prognostic prediction. Our findings revealed four unique immune–metabolic subtypes, and the AI model demonstrated high predictive accuracy, highlighting the significant impact of lncRNAs on antitumor immunity and metabolic states within the tumor microenvironment. The AI‐based pathology model, DeepClinMed‐IM, exhibited high accuracy in predicting these subtypes. Additionally, the multimodal model, DeepClinMed‐PGM, integrating pathology images, lncRNA data, immune‐cell scores, and clinical information, showed superior prognostic performance. In conclusion, these AI models provide a robust foundation for precise prognostication and the identification of potential candidates for immunotherapy, advancing breast cancer research and treatment strategies.
Opinion Dynamics of Two Populations With Time‐Delayed Coupling
Authors: Cicolani Chiara , Pignotti Cristina 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe study a Hegselmann–Krause type opinion formation model for a system of two populations. The two groups interact with each other via subsets of individuals, namely, the leaders, and natural time delay effects are considered. By using careful estimates of the system's trajectories, we are able to prove an asymptotic convergence to consensus result. Some numerical tests illustrate the theoretical result and point out some possible applications.
Semi‐Analytical Study of Pile–Soil Interaction on a Permeable Pipe Pile Subjected to Rheological Consolidation of Clayey Soils
Authors: Hua Lun , Tian Yi , Gui Yue , Liu Wenlian , Wu Wenbing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPermeable pipe pile, a novel pile foundation integrating drainage and bearing functions, improves the bearing capacity of the pile foundation by accelerating the consolidation of the soil around the pile. In this study, a mathematical model is established to simulate the consolidation of surrounding clayey soils and the pile–soil interaction, where the rheological properties of the soils are described with the fractional derivative‐based Merchant model, and the impeded drainage boundary is used to simulate the pile–soil interfacial drainage boundary. Corresponding solutions for pile–soil relative displacement, skin friction, and axial force on the pile shaft are derived by means of semi‐analytical methods, and they are validated by comparing with experimental results and numerical simulation results. Based on the proposed semi‐analytical model, a series of parametric analyses are conducted to investigate the influences of fractional orders, viscosity coefficients, pile–soil interface parameters, and pile‐head loads on the pile–soil interaction characteristics. It is observed that during the transition stage, the axial force increases linearly with depth in the plastic segment, and then increases nonlinearly in the elastic segment until it decreases after reaching the neutral plane. In the elastic segment, the axial force on the pile shaft for a given time increases with the increases in the fractional order or the pile–soil interface parameter, but decreases with the increase of viscosity coefficient.
Exploring the experiences of patients who receive nutrition education for ostomy care: A qualitative research design
Authors: Hasil Leslee , Krug Stephanie , Atkins Marlis , Buhler Sue 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundIleostomy and colostomy patients benefit from more nutrition education than patients who receive bowel resections without ostomy creation. Nutrition can influence the adaptation to a stoma and may help manage complications. The impact of nutrition education on health outcomes is known, but a gap exists for the type and timing of nutrition information for patients with newly formed ostomies.MethodsA survey of open‐ended and closed‐ended questions was designed to evaluate experiences about nutrition education provided for living with an ostomy. The survey was conducted during hospital admission for ostomy reversal: 39 patients were approached, 36 consented, and all 36 completed the survey.ResultsOf the 36 patients who took part in the study, 20 (56%) were male. The mean age was 57.7 years. Twenty‐four (67%) patients were admitted for an ileostomy reversal and 12 (33%) patients for a colostomy reversal. When patients were asked about their preferred timing of nutrition education, 28% (n = 10) wanted information before surgery, 58% (n = 21) wanted the information in the hospital when admitted for ostomy creation, and 14% (n = 5) wanted to receive it after discharge. A total of 25% (n = 9) of patients commented on the need for a follow‐up phone call after discharge to ask questions.ConclusionNutrition education is valuable for patients, and most patients want to receive nutrition information while in the hospital. A follow‐up session with a dietitian after discharge could assist patients in developing strategies to manage weight changes, prevent dehydration, and lower the risk of malnutrition.
Heterogeneous Smoothed Finite Element Method: Convergence/Superconvergence Proof and Its Performance in High‐Contrast Composite Materials
Authors: Chen Yun , Liu Guirong , Cui Junzhi , Zhang Qiaofu , Wang Ziqiang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSmoothed Finite Element Method (S‐FEM) has been widely used in many engineering simulations. However, there are still a lot of theoretical problems to be solved, especially with regard to composite materials and convergence proof. Based on a novel least‐squares approximation and conservation property, we extend S‐FEM to heterogeneous materials. Firstly, the orthogonality, Softening Effect, and energy function are checked. Secondly, the interpolation error in the maximum norm is estimated in any dimension. Consequently, we get a theoretical convergence rate which has been sought since the year 2010. When restricted to one‐dimensional problems, we construct a special test function to prove the superconvergence: (1) S‐FEM flux is exact in the meaning of element‐wise integral; (2) numerical flux is exact at some point in each element; (3) physical flux can be quadratically approximated at the center of each element. At last, we present two numerical experiments: (1) conventional S‐FEM fails in high‐contrast composite materials while our new scheme performs well; (2) our flux converges quadratically.
A review of biofumigation effects with plant materials
Authors: Ji Yutong , Zhang Yi , Fang Wensheng , Li Yuan , Yan Dongdong , Cao Aocheng , Wang Qiuxia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractContinuous crop cultivation has exacerbated the issue of soil‐borne diseases, positioning soil biofumigation as a promising and environmentally friendly control method. This review comprehensively assesses recent advances in the use of Brassicaceae plant materials for biofumigation, specifically focusing on their effectiveness in managing soil‐borne pests, enhancing soil fertility, improving the composition of beneficial microbial communities, and boosting crop quality and yield. It also explores the mechanisms underlying biofumigation with Brassicaceae plants, highlighting that the incorporation of exogenous myrosinase can significantly increase isothiocyanate production, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of biofumigation. Among these, plants in the Brassica genus have been studied more extensively and have demonstrated superior results. Furthermore, the potential for biofumigation using plant materials from the Liliaceae, Gramineae, Compositae, and Leguminosae etc., families is evaluated. To address the challenge of inconsistent efficacy observed with different plant materials, future research should focus on optimizing biofumigation techniques according to local conditions. Additionally, combining biofumigation with physical and chemical methods, as well as implementing rotational application strategies, may enhance overall effectiveness.
Hearing and Vestibular Impairment Related to a Variant (c.263G>C) of the COCH Gene
Authors: Alonso Aida Veiga , Aguado Rocío González , Camerano Andrea Martínez , Enseñat Julia Fernández , de la Fuente Esther Onecha , Angulo Carmelo Morales 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain pathogenic variants frequency and type in the COCH gene among Cantabrian patients with nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss (HL), and to understand their cochleovestibular manifestations.Study DesignAn observational study on patients with postlingual nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), who underwent a genetic study using next‐generation sequencing (gene panel) in the otolaryngology clinics between January 2019 and December 2023.SettingReferral center Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital in Santander (Spain).MethodsA cohort of 248 otolaryngologic clinic‐referred patients suspected of genetic SNHL underwent sequencing analysis targeting 231 genes.ResultsA likely pathogenic or pathogenic variant causing HL was found in 57 (22.8%) patients. Among them, 7 (2.8%) were heterozygous carriers of the c.263G>C variant in the LCCL domain of the COCH gene, included as index cases. Subsequent familial segregation studies were performed. A total of 22 genetically and clinically studied patients were included. All but 3 family members displayed bilateral progressive SNHL starting in adulthood. Thirteen patients reported instability, but none met Meniere's disease criteria.ConclusionCOCH gene variants are frequent in Cantabria. A variant with pathogenic evidence (c.263G>C in the LCCL domain) was detected. The phenotype observed is similar to a subgroup of patients with other variants described in the same functional domain: progressive SNHL and instability secondary to vestibular hypofunction.
American Cochlear Implant Alliance Position Statement on Newborn Congenital Cytomegalovirus Screening
Authors: Pesch Megan Honor , Brown Kevin David , Birath Amy L. , Demmler‐Harrison Gail J. , Sapp Cailtin , Selleck Anne Morgan , Sweeney Alex D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIt is estimated that 1 in every 200 US newborns has congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV). Delayed identification of cCMV in newborns precludes timely intervention to mitigate sequelae of the infection such as hearing loss and other neurological complications. Newborn testing for cCMV enables appropriate diagnosis and intervention by multidisciplinary teams to properly manage the immediate sequelae of cCMV, avoid unnecessary additional testing that can result from delayed diagnosis, and monitor for future complications. It is the position of the American Cochlear Implant Alliance, the National CMV Foundation, and the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery that universal newborn cCMV screening is necessary to best accomplish these goals.
Synovial hemangioma of the temporomandibular joint: Report of a case
Authors: Takahashi Kosuke , Suzuki Yusuke , Tajima Mai , Kasawaki Taiki , Eda Takashi , Kamei Kazutoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundTumors of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) occur infrequently, and synovial hemangioma of the TMJ is even more rare with only two cases. Hemangiomas are benign vasoformative neoplasms or developmental conditions of endothelial origin that are found most frequently in the vertebrae and are uncommon in the jaw.Case presentationThis case report describes an unusual case of synovial hemangioma of the right TMJ. X‐ray and computed tomography (CT) imaging showed bone resorption on the upper part of the condylar surface. The clinical diagnosis was tumor of the right TMJ, for which surgical TMJ open biopsy was performed with the patient. Infiltration of vascular endothelial cells and parietal cells was observed in the irregularly dilated lumen tissue. The final diagnosis was synovial hemangioma of the TMJ, for which surgical resection of the tumor was planned. However, since improvement of the patient's clinical symptoms was observed after the biopsy, we decided to perform conservative follow‐up.ConclusionHere, we presented a rare case of synovial hemangioma of the TMJ. In the present case, no recurrence was observed after biopsy and conservative follow‐up.
Differences in alveolar bone mineral density by tooth type in female osteoporotic patients treated with bisphosphonates
Authors: Kubo Ryuta , Yoshida Ryoji , Baba‐Tajiri Rui , Nakamura‐Yamada Hibiki , Miyahara Tomoya , Ooyama Toru , Inoue Junki , Hirosue Akiyuki , Kawahara Kenta , Nakamoto Masafumi , Hirayama Masatoshi , Miyamoto Takeshi , Nakayama Hideki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimRapid and straightforward screening for osteoporosis is essential. Studies have indicated a significant correlation between systemic and alveolar bone mineral density (al‐BMD). Therefore, dental radiographs, which are commonly used in dental treatments, can potentially be used to screen for osteoporosis through al‐BMD. This study evaluated the al‐BMD of teeth designated for extraction from patients receiving bisphosphonates (BPs) using DentalSCOPE®, a novel al‐BMD measurement device, and conducted preliminary analyses for future al‐BMD research.Materials and methodsThe al‐BMD of 54 female osteoporosis patients treated with BPs and 90 teeth were measured using DentalSCOPE®. Twelve healthy female adults without any dental diseases were included as controls. We analyzed the al‐BMD characteristics of each tooth type and the relationship between al‐BMD and the development of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) post‐extraction. Furthermore, we compared al‐BMD with that of healthy controls and examined the impact of periodontal disease on al‐BMD.ResultsSignificant variations in the al‐BMD were observed among tooth types, with higher densities in the mandibular molars than in the premolars. Additionally, the premolar and molar densities were significantly higher than those of the maxilla. No MRONJ cases were reported during the 2‐year follow‐up period after tooth extraction. The al‐BMD values were similar between healthy adults and patients with osteoporosis. Although the al‐BMD was lower in teeth affected by periodontitis, this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionThis study revealed differences in al‐BMD among tooth types. Since al‐BMD reflects anatomical and other factors beyond actual bone mineral density, further research is needed to elucidate its association with osteoporosis and MRONJ.
Bone regeneration using three‐dimensional spheroids derived from dedifferentiated fat cells
Authors: Kishikawa Minoru , Ueda Mamoru , Yasui Kenichirou , Morikuni Hidetoshi , Hashimoto Yoshiya , Nishiura Aki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimDedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells, similar to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are gaining attention owing to their minimally invasive nature. We aimed to evaluate the effects of 3D DFAT spheroids on bone regeneration by implantation into rat skull defects.MethodsAdipose tissue was harvested from 8‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley rats, and DFAT was prepared using the ceiling culture method. DFAT was seeded onto three‐dimensional (3D) culture plates to produce spheroids, enhance cellular interactions, and mimic the in vivo environment. Bone defects were created on the skulls of 15‐week‐old rats using a 6.0‐mm trephine burr. Collagen sponges were transplanted as controls, and 3D DFAT spheroid‐seeded sponges were used in the experimental group.ResultsDFAT showed a fibroblast‐like morphology. Flow cytometry revealed that DFAT expressed MSC markers but not hematopoietic stem cell markers. Bone analysis revealed increased bone mineral density, volume, and trabecular thickness in the experimental group. Hematoxylin–eosin staining in the control group revealed only a thin layer of fibrous tissue, whereas the experimental group showed new bone tissue formation. The control group lacked Von Willebrand factor (vWf) expression, whereas the experimental group exhibited vWf expression, indicating the development of new blood vessels. Von Kossa staining revealed calcification only in the experimental group.ConclusionSpheroids alone are difficult to retain in bone defects, making their use in combination with collagen sponges more effective for bone regeneration. The study findings suggest that 3D DFAT spheroids may help regenerate rat skull defects, with potential implications for human bone regeneration.
Investigation on the mechanical properties and ballistic behaviors of sandwich structure of CFRP and biomimetic tendon plates with aramid filaments bundle
Authors: Chu Yanyan , Zhao Xian , Wang Xucai , Xu Jingyu , Zhu Baokun , Huang Weihan , Peng Tao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTextile fiber composite materials are widely used in bulletproof applications due to their lightweight and strong impact resistance. Composite materials made from aramid usually use fabrics and filaments as enhancement, but no composite materials made from filament bundles have been seen. The structures of animals and plants in nature have undergone long‐term evolution and possess excellent mechanical properties. Tendons are a tough connective tissue composed of a large number of parallel fibers arranged to form a tough structure. Inspired by the nature structure of tendon, a multi‐stage winding structure of biomimetic tendon plate with aramid filaments bundle (BTAF) was proposed. In this structure, the filament bundle assembly is tightly wound, and collectively subjected to the impact. However, the stress is easily concentrated, and the average specific energy absorption (SEA) is only 1.40 J/g. In order to distribute the bullet impact to more filament bundles, CFRP were added to the upper and lower surfaces of the filament bundle plate to form a sandwich structure C‐BTAF. The experimental results show that this C‐BTAF presents higher SEA, with an increase of 52.86% compared to BTAF plate.Highlights
A sandwich structure of C‐BTAF is made by winding method.
The compression stress and bending stress of primary hierarchy is higher.
The specific energy absorption of C‐BTAF more than that of BTAF plate.
The sandwich structure of C‐BTAF plate has better energy dispersion ability.
The back CFRP mainly plays a supporting role to the BTAF.