bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestational Diabetes and the Risk of Late Stillbirth: A Case-Control Study From England, UK
Authors: Stacey T. , Tennant P. W. G. , McCowan L. M. E. , Mitchell E. A. , Budd J. , Li M. , Thompson J. M. D. , Martin B. , Roberts D. , Heazell A. E. P. 
Published: December 2019

(Abstracted from BJOG 2019;126:973–982)
A high prevalence of late-term stillbirths in the United Kingdom has prompted a study to investigate whether a relationship exists between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and stillbirth. Preexisting diabetes is associated with a significant increase of 4- to 6-fold in risk of stillbirth, but the relationship between GDM and stillbirth risk is indeterminate.
Timing of β-Blocker Reintroduction and the Occurrence of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Couffignal Camille , Amour Julien , Ait-Hamou Nora , Cholley Bernard , Fellahi Jean-Luc , Duval Xavier , Costa De Beauregard Yolande , Nataf Patrick , Dilly Marie-Pierre , Provenchère Sophie , Montravers Philippe , Mentré France , Longrois Dan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
For cardiac surgery patients under chronic β-blocker therapy, guidelines recommend their early postoperative reintroduction to decrease the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation. The authors hypothesized that the timing of β-blocker reintroduction affects their effectiveness on the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation.

Methods
This multicenter prospective French cohort study included patients on β-blockers (more than 30 days before surgery) in sinus rhythm without a pacemaker. The primary outcome, time sequence of β-blocker reintroduction, was analyzed for 192 h after surgery. The secondary outcome, relationship between the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation and timing of β-blocker reintroduction, was analyzed based on pre- and intraoperative predictors (full and selected sets) according to landmark times (patients in whom atrial fibrillation occurred before a given landmark time were not analyzed).

Results
Of 663 patients, β-blockers were reintroduced for 532 (80%) but for only 261 (39%) patients in the first 48 h after surgery. Median duration before reintroduction was 49.5 h (95% CI, 48 to 51.5 h). Postoperative atrial fibrillation or death (N = 4) occurred in 290 (44%) patients. After performing a landmark analysis to take into account the timing of β-blocker reintroduction, the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for predictor full and selected (increased age, history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and duration of aortic cross clamping) sets for the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation were: adjusted odds ratio (full) = 0.87 (0.58 to 1.32; P = 0.517) and adjusted odds ratio (selected) = 0.84 (0.58 to 1.21; P = 0.338) at 48 h; adjusted odds ratio (full) = 0.64 (0.39 to 1.05; P = 0.076) and adjusted odds ratio (selected) = 0.58 (0.38 to 0.89; P = 0.013) at 72 h; adjusted odds ratio (full) = 0.58 (0.31 to 1.07; P = 0.079) and adjusted odds ratio (selected) = 0.53 (0.31 to 0.91; P = 0.021) at 96 h.

Conclusions
β-Blockers were reintroduced early (after less than 48 h) in fewer than half of the cardiac surgery patients. Reintroduction decreased postoperative atrial fibrillation occurrence only at later time points and only in the predictor selected set model. These results are an incentive to optimize (timing, doses, or titration) β-blocker reintroduction after cardiac surgery.
Effects of Home Language Environment and Household Crowding on Early Expressive Language Development
Authors: San San Kyaw Khin , Tin Tin Sandar , Underwood Lisa , Grant Cameron 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
This study examined prospective associations of the home language environment (HLE) and household crowding with expressive language development in 2-year-old children using the data from the Growing Up in New Zealand study, a population-based prospective cohort study.

Methods:
A total of 5960 children were included. The HLE (playing games, talking in everyday activities, playing with toys, singing songs, and reading books) and household crowding were measured when the children were 9 months old. Language development was assessed using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs)—II short form (A) at age 2 years. Maternal and child characteristics were measured antenatally and when the children were 9 months old.

Results:
Each HLE activity was associated with higher language scores. A high HLE score, defined as doing at least 3 of the 5 HLE activities at least once daily, was associated with an increase in the language score of 6.31 units (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.00 to 7.62, p < 0.0001). The effect of the HLE was less pronounced in more crowded homes (coefficient = −2.24, 95% CI −0.47 to 4.97, p = 0.106) compared with less crowded homes with at least one other child (coefficient = 6.19, 95% CI 4.28 to 8.10, p < 0.0001) or with no other children (coefficient = 8.19, 95% CI 5.69 to 10.70, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
These findings underscore the need to consider various aspects of the home environment in future interventions aiming to facilitate language development in young children.
MSH6 gene pathogenic variant identified in familial pancreatic cancer in the absence of colon cancer
Authors: Mannucci Alessandro , Zuppardo Raffaella A. , Crippa Stefano , Carrera Paola , Patricelli Maria G. , Russo Raucci Annalisa , Calabrese Federica , Lazarevic Dejan , Giannese Francesca , Tonon Giovanni , Ferrari Maurizio , Testoni Pier A. , Cavestro Giulia Martina 
Published: December 2019

Objectives
Lynch syndrome is characterized by pathogenetic variants in the mismatch repair genes and autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. Lynch syndrome is characterized by colorectal and, with lesser and variable extent, extracolonic cancers. We describe a family with MSH6-dependent Lynch syndrome and familial pancreatic cancer and other tumours (gastric and endometrial), in the absence of colorectal neoplasia.

Methods
Patients were analysed by sequencing, Next Generation or Sanger, to identify germinal pathogenic variants in hereditary cancer genes.

Results
We identified the MSH6 gene pathogenic variant c.2194C>T, p.(Arg732Ter) in a family with hereditary pancreatic cancer without diagnosed cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Seven family members were affected by the MSH6 pathogenic variant. Three had pancreatic adenocarcinoma at 65, 57 and 44 years; one had endometrial cancer at 36 years. None of the remaining three subjects (75, 45 and 17 years old) had developed any cancer yet.

Conclusions
Lynch syndrome should be suspected in families with familial pancreatic cancer, even in the absence of colon cancers. Specifically, our observation supports the association between the MSH6 c.2194C>T pathogenic variant and extracolonic tumours and it suggests that MSH6 pathogenic variants are associated with familial pancreatic cancer more frequently than assumed.
Hepatitis C virus-microelimination program and patient trajectories after hepatitis C virus cure in an outpatient HIV clinical unit
Authors: Lions Caroline , Laroche Helene , Zaegel-Faucher Olivia , Ressiot Emmanuelle , Bregigeon Sylvie , Geneau de Lamarliere Perrine , Solas Caroline , Tamalet Catherine , Pieve Marie-Ange , Ritleng Anne-Suzel , Debreux Caroline , Ivanova Alena , Obry-Roguet Veronique , Carrieri Patrizia , Poizot-Martin Isabelle 
Published: December 2019

Objective
Treatment recommendations for hepatitis C now make no distinction between HIV/HCV-coinfected and HCV-monoinfected patients. The largest challenge remained lack of effective models to eliminate HCV in people living with HIV. We report the results of a microelimination program evaluating the possibility of eradicating HCV in an HIV-outpatient clinical unit within 12 months.

Methods
This HCV-microelimination program began in February 2016 in an unit following approximately 1000 HIV-infected patients and combined screening and therapeutic components according to the French guideline. A nested cohort study evaluating the impact of HCV cure on different health outcomes was conducted through self-administered questionnaires and using generalized mixed models.

Results
Among 601 patients eligible for HCV serological testing, 445 were evaluated, and two HCV acute infections were diagnosed. Among the 151 patients eligible for HCV RNA quantification, 119 were evaluated, and one reinfection with HCV was diagnosed. Among the 110 patients eligible for direct-acting antiviral treatment, 51 (46.4%) initiated treatment within the 12 months program, and 35 (31.8%) after. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rate was 96.1%, and two treatments failed. At least one self-reported symptom was declared by 72.5% (n = 29) of patients. Positive impact of HCV cure was observed on various markers of physical and mental health as well as on health habits.

Conclusion
Our program should be considered as a proof of concept, which confirmed the feasibility of a HCV-microelimination program at the scale of an HIV clinical unit. However, 12 months were not sufficient to achieve our objective despite the specific organization.
Ring removal: an illustrated summary of the literature
Authors: Asher Christian M. , Fleet Malik , Bystrzonowski Nicola 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
The inability to remove a ring from a finger is a common presentation to Emergency Departments in addition to Orthopaedic and Plastic Surgery Units. This is often complicated by factors including trauma and infection, leading to a superimposed tourniquet effect by the ring, strangulating the subcutaneous tissues. The threat of neurovascular compromise favours early removal of the ring to limit associated morbidity. This article illustrates the common methods within the literature. We offer assessing clinicians an illustrated summary of techniques for removing an incarcerated ring from an extremity and summarise notable considerations to be acknowledged at time of assessment and ring removal.

Methods:
A literature search using PubMed and Medline was performed to identify all articles written in English on ring removal.

Results:
The 12 publications included in this illustrated review describing techniques for removal of an incarcerated ring were published between 1991 and 2018 and include modifications to overcome difficulties due to the composition of the ring or severity of the ring incarceration and penile/scrotal ring removal.

Conclusion:
The ring removal techniques are ring preserving or destructive. The technique used depends on factors including the extent of associated trauma to the digit, evidence of strangulation, ring composition, patient preference and equipment availability. Before an attempt at ring removal, high arm elevation, indirect ice compression of the digit and adequate analgesia maximise chances of success. In cases of strangulation, emergent referral to a specialist is indicated for removal and further management.
Polydactyly a review and update of a common congenital hand difference
Authors: Wessel Lauren E. , Daluiski Aaron , Trehan Samir K. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to describe various forms of hand polydactyly and their different treatment approaches. Hand polydactyly is commonly classified as ulnar (small finger) or radial (thumb). Polydactyly can be sporadic, genetic, and/or associated with syndromic conditions.

Recent findings
Both ulnar and radial polydactyly can be surgically treated to optimize hand aesthetics and function. Timing of surgery is based on multiple factors, most notably including safety of anesthesia and socialization of the affected child. The pediatrician should be aware of potential associated conditions, such as chondroectodermal dysplasia or Ellis-van Creveld syndrome for ulnar polydactyly.

Summary
Polydactyly is a common congenital hand difference and can be broadly be classified by radial or ulnar involvement. Polydactyly warrants hand surgical referral, as surgical treatment is often indicated. Pediatricians should be aware of treatment options, as well as of commonly associated anomalies and syndromes.
Lifetime Syphilis Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors Among Female Prisoners in Brazil
Authors: da Silva Santana Rosane , Kerr Ligia , Mota Rosa Salani , Kendall Carl , Rutherford George , McFarland Willi 
Published: December 2019

Background
In 2016, approximately 42,000 women were incarcerated in Brazil. The objectives of this study were to measure the lifetime prevalence of syphilis and sociodemographic and behavior correlates of antibody positivity among female prisoners in Brazil.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1327 incarcerated women in 2014 to 2015 sampled through a multistage cluster design to represent the penitentiary system throughout Brazil. A rapid treponemal antibody test approved by the Ministry of Health (Rapid Test DPP Sífilis Bio-Manguinhos) was used to detect lifetime history of infection. Analyses were adjusted using weights based on the inverse of the product of the probabilities of the sampling units at each stage of the design. Variables significantly associated with syphilis infection at P < 0.05 in multivariate analyses were retained in the final model.

Results
Prevalence of syphilis antibody among female prisoners in Brazil was 11.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.8%–13.8%). Higher syphilis prevalence was associated with black/Afro-Brazilian or mixed race/ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.78; 95% CI, 1.10–2.87), homelessness (AOR, 4.58; 95% CI, 2.78–7.56), abortion (AOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.02–2.38), and sexual violence (AOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.01–2.49). Syphilis prevalence was lower among women who had received condoms in school (AOR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08–1.00) as a marker for reproductive health education.

Conclusions
Women within the vast Brazilian prison system demonstrate a high lifetime cumulative incidence of syphilis. Our data advocate for increased screening and treatment of syphilis of incarcerated women and help identify women at higher risk within the prison system and within their communities of origin.
Postoperative Horner Syndrome After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Go Jonathan A. , Vickers Aroucha , Kaleekal Thomas S. , Beaver Hilary A. , Lee Andrew G. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Horner syndrome arises from a disruption along the oculosympathetic efferent chain and can be caused by a variety of pathological and iatrogenic etiologies. We present 3 cases of postoperative Horner syndrome after bilateral lung transplantation.

Methods:
The electronic health records of 3 patients with iatrogenic Horner syndrome after lung transplantation were examined, including notes from each patient's medical history, operative and postoperative records, and ophthalmology consultation results. A literature review was performed.

Results:
All 3 of our patients displayed anisocoria and ptosis, symptoms consistent with Horner syndrome, and the patients from Cases 1 and 2 showed reversal of anisocoria after an application of topical apraclonidine.

Conclusions:
Ophthalmologists should be aware of the risk of Horner syndrome after lung transplantation.
Effects of the actively morphing root chord and taper on helicopter energy
Authors: Sal Firat 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper presents the effects of actively morphing root chord and taper on the energy of the flight control system (i.e. FCS).

Design/methodology/approach
Via regarding previously mentioned purposes, sophisticated and realistic helicopter models are benefitted to examine the energy of the FCS.

Findings
Helicopters having actively morphing blade root chord length and blade taper consume less control energy than the ones having one of or any of passively morphing blade root chord length and blade taper.

Practical implications
Actively morphing blade root chord length and blade taper can be used for cheaper helicopter operations.

Originality/value
The main originality of this paper is applying active morphing strategy on helicopter blade root chord and blade taper. In this paper, it is also found that using active morphing strategy on helicopter blade root chord and blade taper reasons less energy consumption than using either passively morphing blade root chord length plus blade taper or not any. This causes also less fuel consumption and green environment.
Reforming land mortgages in rural China and the incentives for application of environment-friendly formula fertilizers on farm
Authors: Peng Peng , Zhou Li 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
From the perspective of land mortgages, the purpose of this paper is to understand how farmers can be motivated to utilize environment-friendly formula fertilizers, thereby reducing the use of chemical fertilizers.

Design/methodology/approach
Two hypotheses are empirically tested using questionnaire responses from 714 farmers across three provinces in China to establish the relationship and to determine the role land rent plays.

Findings
This study finds that farmers who obtain land mortgages will be more willing to apply formula fertilizers in order to obtain higher value of their “own” land. This is because obtaining land mortgages can be considered as the process of titling land management rights. Farmers who have been transferred the land by verbal agreement no longer need to worry about losing it at any time. Hence, they are willing to apply formula fertilizers on their transferred land. Similarly, farmers who have been transferred the land by written contract to obtain more land mortgages will also be willing because the formula fertilizers can not only improve the quality of their transferred land, but also increase its value as collateral. This mechanism is clearer in the area where the average land rent is relatively lower.

Originality/value
No study has yet linked the reform of land mortgages to environmentally friendly behavior. While other studies have focused on the way access to credit changes farmer investments and spending, this particular relationship has not yet been formalized, giving this study theoretical and empirical significance.
Determinants of credit demand of farmers in Lam Dong, Vietnam
Authors: Dang Huy Duc , Dam Au Hai Thi , Pham Thuyen Thi , Nguyen Tra My Thi 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: to explain access to formal and informal credit in agriculture of Vietnam; and to compare the effectiveness between regular econometrics and machine learning techniques.Design/methodology/approachThe multinomial logit (MNL) regression model and the random forest (RF) technique are employed for comparison purposes. To avoid heteroskedasticity, the robust covariance matrix is computed to estimate the sandwich estimator which in turn provides an asymptotic covariance matrix for biased estimators. Additionally, multicollinearity is tested among independent variables with variance inflation factors less than 3. Adequacy approach and sensitivity analysis are used to determine relevant levels of predictors. For models comparison, statistical evaluation metrics including Cohen’sκ, mean absolute error, root mean squared error and relative absolute error are employed.FindingsThe discrepancy between sensitivity analysis and adequacy approach revealed that MNL is more compatible for explaining determinants of credit participation. Due to insignificant differences in the evaluation metrics between models, the winner of choice is undetermined. Among other determinants, collateral, farmsize, income, procedure, literacy and all risk variables stand out to be critical factors when deciding borrowing schemes. While financially literate farmers tend to acquire loans from both sources, borrowing decisions against different risk sources depend on risk type and famers’ own desire to borrow.Originality/valueResults of the MNL model are more consistent with literatures, which reinforce the role of collateral in the local credit scheme. Besides, financial literacy and farmers’ perception on different risk sources also influence how farmers’ borrowing strategies vary among sources.
Assessing the impact of knowledge management on total factor productivity
Authors: Sami Mina , El Bedawy Randa 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of knowledge management (KM) on the total factor productivity (TFP) at the organizational level in Egypt.Design/methodology/approachUsing the novel available EC 2013 data set, which includes approximately 60,000 private organizations in Egypt, the paper explores the relationship between KM and TFP. For the purpose of dealing with endogeneity, the two-stage least squares econometric model has been implemented.FindingsThe study reveals that KM impacts positively the TFP of the Egyptian organizations. Conspicuously, each 10 percent increase in KM is associated with 9.3 percent increase in TFP.Originality/valueThe role of KM in the organizations has been under-researched globally, especially in Africa. This study contributes to the current literature by assessing the impact of KM on TFP, which represents the most comprehensive measure of the firm productivity; by implementing a novel instrumental variable in order to deal with endogeneity between KM and TFP; and by generating a more nuanced measure for the knowledge intensity that is not based on any financial indicator as in the most of the previous studies. Original findings can be highlighted from the paper as it demonstrates that the impact of KM is more important than proposed by the current literature. Conspicuously, the KM does not merely impact the customer satisfaction, the quality improvement and the profit margin, but it also impacts the TFP of the organizations.
Acculturation of non-native English-speaking teachers in accounting: an ethnographic study
Authors: Abayadeera Nadana , Mihret Dessalegn Getie , Hewa Dulige Jayasinghe 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine ethnographic evidence on the acculturation of non-native English-speaking teachers in accounting (ANNESTs) in an Australian university to understand the process, strategies and outcomes of the acculturation process.

Design/methodology/approach
Ethnographies of five ANNESTs representing diverse cultural backgrounds were studied. Data were collected from publicly available sources and informal discussions supplemented by semi-structured interviews.

Findings
The findings show that integration – that is, learning and participating in the Australian host culture while maintaining original cultural values – is the most popular acculturation strategy, followed by assimilation, whereby ANNESTs interact primarily with the host culture and retain loose links with their original culture. ANNESTs covered in this study fall into different stages of the acculturation process depending on their English language competency, the extent of contact with native Australians, cultural proximity and length of residence in Australia.

Practical implications
This paper concludes that challenges of acculturation confronting ANNESTs concern broader cultural issues than language proficiency alone. Institutional support directed at enhancing teaching effectiveness of ANNESTs should be devised from this perspective.

Originality/value
Given the cultural relevance of accounting systems and the influence of culture on the learning and teaching styles of ANNEST, the study illuminates that ANNEST’s acculturation strategies could facilitate or hinder the ANNEST’s speed of cultural understanding necessary to productively engage in the learning and teaching.