bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar application of abscisic acid mitigates cadmium stress and increases food safety of cadmium-sensitive lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genotype
Authors: Dawuda Mohammed Mujitaba , Liao Weibiao , Hu Linli , Yu Jihua , Xie Jianming , Calderón-Urrea Alejandro , Wu Yue , Tang Zhongqi 
Published: July 2020

Cadmium (Cd2 +) is among the toxic non-essential heavy metals that adversely affect plants metabolic processes and the safety of produce. However, plant hormones can improve plant’s tolerance to various stresses. This study investigated the effect of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on the biochemical and physiological processes and food safety of cadmium (Cd2 +)-sensitive lettuce genotype (Lüsu). Seedlings were subjected to five treatments: [(i) Control (untreated plants), (ii) 100 µM CdCl2, (iii) 100 µM CdCl2+10 µg L−1 ABA (iv) 10 µg L−1 ABA, and (v) 0.01 g L−1 ABA-inhibitor (fluridone)] for fourteen days in hydroponic system. The 100 µM CdCl2 increased the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased photosynthesis and plant biomass. Moreover, it decreased the contents of essential nutrients (except copper) in the leaves but increased the contents of toxic Cd2 + in the leaves and roots of the plants. Foliar application of fluridone (0.01 g L−1) also caused oxidative stress by increasing the contents of H2O2 and MDA. It also decreased the contents of nutrient elements in the leaves of the plants. However, exogenous ABA (10 µg L−1) mitigated the Cd2 +-induced stress, increased antioxidant enzymes activities, photosynthesis and plant biomass under CdCl2 treatment. Remarkably, exogenous ABA increased the contents of essential nutrient elements but decreased the Cd2 + content in leaves under the CdCl2 treatment. Our results have demonstrated that foliar application of ABA mitigates Cd2 + stress and increases the nutritional quality and food safety of Cd2 +-sensitive lettuce genotype under CdCl2 treatment.
Association of retinal nerve fiber abnormalities with serum CNTF and cognitive functions in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Huang Lvzhen , Tong Yongsheng , Chen Jingxu , Gao Dongfang , Yang Fude 
Published: July 2020

Background
Recent studies have reported reductions in retinal nerve fiber layers (RNFL) in schizophrenia. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) has shown protective effects on both the neurogenesis and retina. This study aimed at investigating retinal abnormalities and establishing their correlation with serum CNTF and cognitive impairments in schizophrenic Chinese patients.

Methods
In total, 221 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 149 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum CNTF and clinical features of patients were investigated. Cognitive functions were evaluated with Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychology Status (RBANS). RNFL thickness and macular thickness (MT) of both eyes were measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT). T-tests and analysis of covariance were used to compare the variables between the patient and control groups, while multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the associations of RNFL thickness, CNTF and cognitive impairments.

Results
RNFL was found thinner in patients than in healthy controls (right: 88.18 ± 25.84 µm vs.102.13 ± 14.32 µm, p = 0.001; left: 92.84 ± 13.54 µm vs.103.71 ± 11.94 µm, p < 0.001). CNTF was lower in the schizophrenia group (1755.45 ± 375.73 pg/ml vs. 1909.99 ± 368.08 pg/ml, p = 0.001). Decline in RNFL thickness was found correlated with course of illness and serum CNTF in patients (all p < 0.05). Similarly, cognitive functions such as immediate memory and visuospatial functions were also found correlated with decline in RNFL thickness.

Conclusion
Decline in RNFL thickness was associated with cognitive impairments of schizophrenia and CNFT serum concentration. The possibility of reduction in RNFL thickness as a biomarker for schizophrenia needs to be further examined.
Does early physical therapy intervention reduce opioid burden and improve functionality in the management of chronic lower back pain?
Authors: Martin Shedrick , Tallian Kimberly , Nguyen Victoria T. , van Dyke Jason , Sikand Harminder 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic lower back pain is a leading cause of disability in US adults. Opioid use continues to be controversial despite the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance on chronic pain management to use nonpharmacologic and nonopioid pharmacologic interventions. The objectives of the study were to assess the impact of early physical therapy (PT) intervention on improving functionality and reducing opioid burden in patients with chronic lower back pain.

Methods
A single-center, retrospective chart review of patients receiving ≥6 PT visits and treated with either opioids first (OF) or PT first (PTF) therapy for chronic lower back pain were evaluated. Concomitant use of nonopioid and nonpharmacologic therapy was permitted. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), a survey measuring functionality, was recorded for PTF group. Pain scores and medication use including opioids were collected at treatment initiation and completion.

Results
One hundred and eighty patients were included in three groups: OF group (n = 60), PTF group (n = 60), and PTF + ODI group (n = 60). The PTF + ODI group had mean ODI reduction of 11.9% (P &lt; .001). More OF patients were lost to follow up (68.3%) or failed PT (60%) compared to the PTF group, 38.3% and 3.3% (P &lt; .001). Reduction in both opioid and nonopioid medications as well as pain scores were observed but not statistically significant.

Discussion
Early PT resulted in improved functionality, decreased pain, and reduced medication use upon PT completion. These findings suggest PT, along with nonopioid modalities, are a viable first-line option for the management of chronic lower back pain.
Effect of depression on health behavior among myocardial infarction survivors in the United States
Authors: Nicholson Brooke , Morse Shawn , Lundgren Terra , Vadiei Nina , Bhattacharjee Sandipan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of depression on health behavior among myocardial infarction (MI) survivors.

Methods
This retrospective, cross-sectional study used publicly available 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. Our study sample includes adults aged 50 years or older who completed the 2015 BRFSS survey and reported having MI. The BRFSS participants with a yes response to the question, Has a doctor, nurse, or other health care professional ever told you that you had a heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction? were identified as MI survivors. The presence or absence of depression among MI survivors was identified using a similar question. Health behaviors, the dependent variable of this study, included physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, body mass index, last flu immunization, last physical checkup, last blood cholesterol check, heavy drinking, and vegetable and fruit consumption. Univariate (χ2 tests) and multivariable (binomial logistic regression) analyses were used to assess the differences in health behaviors between MI survivors with or without depression.

Results
Our final study sample consists of 20 483 older adults with MI among whom 5343 (26.19%) reported having depression. Multivariable analyses reveal MI survivors with depression are more overweight, have less physical activity, and have higher likelihood of smoking but less odds of consuming alcohol compared to MI survivors without depression.

Discussion
In this nationally representative sample of adults aged over 50 years in the United States, MI survivors with depression exhibited poorer health behaviors compared to those without depression.
Photovoice as an intervention for college students living with mental illness: A pilot study
Authors: Werremeyer Amy , Skoy Elizabeth , Burns William , Bach-Gorman Amber 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Photovoice is a participatory-action research method in which participants capture and collectively reflect upon photos of their lived experience. Photovoice participation may be beneficial for individuals living with mental illness, but its effects have not been quantitatively measured.

Methods
In this pilot study, 20 college students living with a mental illness and prescribed at least 1 medication were randomized to a Photovoice group intervention or usual group counseling, which was an active control. Participants completed the BURNS Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Medication Adherence Rating Scale at baseline and 8 weeks. Between-groups comparisons were conducted.

Results
Photovoice participants experienced a significantly greater reduction in the BURNS Anxiety Inventory (–8.5 vs –2.6; P = .049) compared to control participants. No difference was seen in change in the Beck Depression Inventory (6.7 in the Photovoice group vs 0.2 among controls; P = .26). Mean medication adherence scores worsened in both groups from baseline with no difference between the groups (1 vs 0.86; P = .16).

Discussion
Photovoice may be a resource-efficient and effective intervention to reduce anxiety among college students with mental illness; however, it may be associated with poorer medication adherence. Further study is needed to evaluate these findings.
Gabapentin-induced bilateral lower extremity edema in a patient with pervasive developmental disorder and schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Finegan Amber , Mabrouk Usama , Nelson Leigh Anne 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Gabapentin binds to the alpha-2-delta subunit of presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels and is used for a wide variety of on- and off-label indications. Gabapentin is dosed at total daily doses ranging from 300 to 3600 mg/d, which is generally divided into 3 doses. Although gabapentin is generally well tolerated, 1 potential reported adverse effect is peripheral edema. However, due to the extensive number of etiologies of peripheral edema, medication causes may be overlooked on an inpatient psychiatric unit. This is a case of delayed identification of a probable adverse drug reaction to gabapentin (Naranjo score of 5) consisting of painful, 4+ pitting bilateral edema and a clear dose relationship in a patient with pervasive developmental disorder and schizoaffective disorder.
Using pharmacogenomics and therapeutic drug monitoring to guide drug selection and dosing in outpatient mental health comprehensive medication management
Authors: Brown Jacob T. , Bishop Jeffrey R. , Schneiderhan Mark E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing aided by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has the potential to improve medication-related outcomes in some individuals prescribed psychiatric medications. Many commonly prescribed psychiatric medications are metabolized through polymorphic drug metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome p450 (CYP) 2D6 (CYP2D6) and CYP2C19. Through PGx testing, clinicians can make biologically informed choices when selecting a new medication, and TDM may help inform dose adjustments or assess exposures to current treatments. Herein, we describe 2 complex case reports of individuals with multiple psychiatric diagnoses and extensive histories of medication failures who underwent PGx testing in addition to TDM as part of a pharmacist-led comprehensive medication therapy management evaluation in a community mental health clinic setting.
Automated and robust beam data validation of a preconfigured ring gantry linear accelerator using a 1D tank with synchronized beam delivery and couch motions
Authors: Knutson Nels C. , Schmidt Matthew C. , Reynoso Francisco J. , Hao Yao , Mazur Thomas R. , Laugeman Eric , Hugo Geoffrey , Mutic Sasa , Li H. Harold , Ngwa Wilfred , Cai Bin , Sajo Erno 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo develop an efficient and automated methodology for beam data validation for a preconfigured ring gantry linear accelerator using scripting and a one‐dimensional (1D) tank with automated couch motions.Materials and methodsUsing an application programming interface, a program was developed to allow the user to choose a set of beam data to validate with measurement. Once selected the program generates a set of instructions for radiation delivery with synchronized couch motions for the linear accelerator in the form of an extensible markup language (XML) file to be delivered on the ring gantry linear accelerator. The user then delivers these beams while measuring with the 1D tank and data logging electrometer. The program also automatically calculates this set of beams on the measurement geometry within the treatment planning system (TPS) and extracts the corresponding calculated dosimetric data for comparison to measurement. Once completed the program then returns a comparison of the measurement to the predicted result from the TPS to the user and prints a report. In this work lateral, longitudinal, and diagonal profiles were taken for fields sizes of 6 × 6, 8 × 8, 10 × 10, 20 × 20, and 28 × 28 cm2 at depths of 1.3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 cm. Depth dose profiles were taken for all field sizes.ResultsUsing this methodology, the TPS was validated to agree with measurement. All compared points yielded a gamma value less than 1 for a 1.5%/1.5 mm criteria (100% passing rate). Off axis profiles had >98.5% of data points producing a gamma value <1 with a 1%/1 mm criteria. All depth profiles produced 100% of data points with a gamma value <1 with a 1%/1 mm criteria. All data points measured were within 1.5% or 2 mm distance to agreement.ConclusionsThis methodology allows for an increase in automation in the beam data validation process. Leveraging the application program interface allows the user to use a single system to create the measurement files, predict the result, and then compare to actual measurement increasing efficiency and reducing the chance for user input errors.
New Infrastructure for Communities Who Want to Build
Authors: Bauman Irena , Harker Kerry 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDoes the concentration of production of prefabricated housing elements have a negative impact on communities? Would localised fabrication facilities enhance social value in self‐build housing areas? Architect Irena Bauman and curator Kerry Harker explain their approach to and development of the Built InCommon methodology for local digital fabrication clusters.
Changing Patterns of Resilience: Exploring the Local
Authors: Bacon Nicola , Goodship Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe notion of resilience is often referred to in relation to data services or the effects of climate change. However, understanding of social resilience and how it can vary across urban districts over time is vital too. Social Life co‐founder Nicola Bacon and data scientist Paul Goodship outline the research organisation's resilience mapping with the London Borough of Hounslow, which supported a better understanding of community dynamics and decision‐making.
Mechanoplastic Tribotronic Floating‐Gate Neuromorphic Transistor
Authors: Yang Xixi , Yu Jinran , Zhao Jing , Chen Youhui , Gao Guoyun , Wang Yifei , Sun Qijun , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe emulation of synaptic plasticity to achieve sophisticated cognitive functions and adaptive behaviors is critical to the evolution of neuromorphic computation and artificial intelligence. More feasible plastic strategies (e.g., mechanoplasticity) are urgent to achieve comparable, versatile, and active cognitive complexity in neuromorphic systems. Here, a versatile mechanoplastic artificial synapse based on tribotronic floating‐gate MoS2 synaptic transistors is proposed. Mechanical displacement can induce triboelectric potential coupling to the floating‐gate synaptic transistor, trigger a postsynaptic current signal, and modulate the synaptic weights, which realizes the synaptic mechanoplasticity in an active and interactive way. Typical synaptic plasticity behaviors including potentiation/inhibition and paired pulse facilitation/depression are successfully imitated. Assistant with the charge trapping by floating gate, the artificial synapse can realize mechanical displacement derived short‐term and long‐term plasticity simultaneously. A facile artificial neural network is also constructed to demonstrate an adding synaptic weight and neuromorphic logic switching (AND, OR) by mechanoplasticity without building complex complementary metal oxide semiconductor circuits. The proposed mechanoplastic artificial synapse offers a favorable candidate for the construction of mechanical behavior derived neuromorphic devices to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck and perform advanced synaptic behaviors.
Improving the Efficiency of Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Diode by Rational Isomer Engineering
Authors: Yang Tong , Cheng Zong , Li Zhiqiang , Liang Jixiong , Xu Yincai , Li Chenglong , Wang Yue 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of efficient red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with an emission wavelength beyond 600 nm remains a great challenge for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, two pairs of isomers are designed and synthesized by attaching electron‐donor 9,9‐diphenyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (DPAC) moiety to the different positions of two kinds of highly rigid planar acceptor cores (PDCN and PPDCN). Their TADF efficiencies and emission maxima (599–726 nm) are regulated by molecular isomer manipulation. Interestingly, the photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPLs) of trans‐isomers T‐DA‐1 and T‐DA‐2 (78% and 89%) are remarkably higher than those of their corresponding cis‐isomers C‐DA‐1 and C‐DA‐2 (12% and 14%). Significantly increased ΦPL values can be explained by single crystal structures and theoretical simulation. As a result, a deep red TADF‐OLED based on T‐DA‐2 displays a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 26.26% at 640 nm. Notably, at a brightness of 100 cd m−2, the EQE value of T‐DA‐2‐based device still remains at an extremely high level of 23.95%, representing the highest value for reported red TADF‐OLEDs at the same brightness. These results provide a reasonable pathway to optimize optoelectronic properties and thereby construct efficient red TADF emitters through rational isomer engineering.
Wrapping Chiral Nanoribbons into Coiled and Condensed Microstructures in Supramolecular Hydrogels
Authors: Wang Fang , Qiu Huibin , Feng Chuanliang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHierarchical self‐assembly of small molecules into supramolecular structures across various length scales is of prominent importance to deeply understand and mimic the biological systems. Here, chiral nanoribbons that assembled from chiral phenylalanine and achiral coumarin derivatives can curve and grow into higher ordered hollow microstructures, which exhibit enhanced acid and alkali resistance. This is predominantly facilitated by the subtle hydrogen bonding interactions and specific steric hindrance between the two molecules. With the addition of metal ions and consequently, the extra association via coordination, these nanoribbons can wrap in a more condensed fashion and eventually form solid microstructures. This study provides implications in understanding the hierarchically biological self‐assembly process and is helpful for the construction of advanced artificial biomedical materials.
Photon‐Memristive System for Logic Calculation and Nonvolatile Photonic Storage
Authors: Zhang Ke , Meng Dehuan , Bai Feiming , Zhai Junyi , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMemristor‐based architectures have shown great potential for developing future computing systems beyond the era of von Neumann and Moore's law. However, the monotonous electrical input for dynamic resistance regulation limits the developments of memristors. Here, a concept of a photon‐memristive system, which realizes memristance depending on number of photons (optical inputs), is proposed. A detailed theoretical derivation is performed and the memristive characteristics, as stimulated by the optical inputs based on a hybrid system, consisting of a low‐dimension photoelectric semiconductor and a ferroelectric substrate are determined. The photon‐memristive system is also suitable for nonvolatile photonic memory since it possesses three or more‐bit data storage, desirable resistance‐change space, and an ON/OFF ratio of nearly 107. The integrated circuit based on several photon‐memristive systems also realizes available photon‐triggered in‐memory computing. The photon‐memristive system expands the definition of memristors and emerges as a new data storage cell for future photonic neuromorphic computational architectures.
Electric‐Field‐Assisted Growth of Vertical Graphene Arrays and the Application in Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: Xu Shichen , Wang Shanshan , Chen Zhe , Sun Yangyong , Gao Zhenfei , Zhang Hang , Zhang Jin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOwing to the development of electronic devices moving toward high power density, miniaturization, and multifunction, research on thermal interface materials (TIMs) is become increasingly significant. Graphene is regarded as the most promising thermal management material owing to its ultrahigh in‐plane thermal conductivity. However, the fabrication of high‐quality vertical graphene (VG) arrays and their utilization in TIMs still remains a big challenge. In this study, a rational approach is developed for growing VG arrays using an alcohol‐based electric‐field‐assisted plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Alcohol‐based carbon sources are used to produce hydroxyl radicals to increase the growth rate and reduce the formation of defects. A vertical electric field is used to align the graphene sheets. Using this method, high‐quality and vertically aligned graphene with a height of 18.7 µm is obtained under an electric field of 30 V cm−1. TIMs constructed with the VG arrays exhibit a high vertical thermal conductivity of 53.5 W m−1 K−1 and a low contact thermal resistance of 11.8 K mm2 W−1, indicating their significant potential for applications in heat dissipation technologies.
Self‐Assembly Strategy for Double Network Elastomer Nanocomposites with Ultralow Energy Consumption and Ultrahigh Wear Resistance
Authors: Qin Xuan , Wang Jiadong , Zhang Yanli , Wang Zhao , Li Sai , Zhao Shaoquan , Tan Tianwei , Liu Jun , Zhang Liqun , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOne of the environmental crises facing the world is pollution due to rubber auto tire destruction. The use of tires in vehicles consumes 6% of the world's energy and causes 5% of carbon dioxide emissions; it accounts for up to 10% of the microplastic pollution found in oceans. Here, a new rubber nanocomposite self‐assembled from hard and soft elastomer matrixes is designed: polybutadiene with its two hydroxy chain ends reacts with 4,4'‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate to form segmented polyurethane. This system first undergoes self‐assembly, forming well‐defined nanoscale hard domains distributed in the soft matrix. Then, cross‐linking between the soft segments is accomplished by a controlled radiation method, resulting in the double network elastomer (DN‐E). Remarkably, the DN‐E exhibits the lowest reported loss factor value at 60 °C. The index of energy dissipation in the rolling tire demonstrates a prominent reduction of 72%, accomplished with an 88% decrease in energy loss, and 85% less wear loss, as compared with best earlier reported commercial tires. These new double‐network materials open a new prospective for the design and fabrication of ultralow energy‐consumption and strong abrasion‐resistance elastomers, which establishes a milestone for the development of the next generation of green low‐pollution tires causing much less energy dissipation.