bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of the Tibetan Plateau vortices in the record Meiyu rainfall in 2020
Authors: Li Lun , Zhu Congwen , Zhang Renhe , Liu Boqi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMeiyu rainfall in June–July of 2020 hit the Yangtze‐Huaihe River basin, and the precipitation at lots of observational stations broke the records, inducing severe disasters there. Tibetan Plateau vortices (TPVs) generated over the Tibetan Plateau are local major rainfall triggers. In previous knowledge, TPVs can affect the rainfall in eastern China, only after emigrating from the Tibetan Plateau. In this work, roles of TPVs in the record Meiyu are revealed, implying that the effects of TPVs may be underestimated previously. Firstly, TPVs dying out over the Tibetan Plateau may be transformed into troughs and continue to move eastward, influencing the rainfall in Yangtze‐Huaihe River basin. Secondly, southwest vortices, the important rainfall producers in China, tend to be generated and maintained when TPVs are located over eastern plateau. The results give extended knowledge on the effects of TPVs, which are beneficial for the rainfall prediction in eastern China.
Achieving negative emissions in plastics life cycles through the conversion of biomass feedstock
Authors: de Oliveira Camilla C N , Zotin Marianne Z , Rochedo Pedro R R , Szklo Alexandre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlastics are one of the fastest‐growing groups of bulk materials in the world. Yet, a third of plastic waste ends up as terrestrial or marine pollution. As a strategy to lower the carbon footprint of plastics, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that using plastics in long‐term applications would bring an environmental advantage due to the reduction of plastic pollution, the achievement of negative CO2emissions (NETs) by bio‐based plastics, and demand reduction for emission‐intensive construction materials, such as iron, aluminium, wood, and cement. Cradle‐to‐grave life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and expanded polystyrene (EPS) were performed for four ethylene production routes. For the final disposal, this study assessed incineration; incineration with energy recovery; recycling; and the orientation of plastics for replacing emission‐intensive material construction (long‐term applications). Findings show that using plastics as long‐lifetime materials could lead to NETs, particularly in the cases of bio‐based HDPE, bio‐based PET, and bio‐based EPS. Hence, an opportunity arises, by producing plastics for long‐term applications, to reduce both the carbon footprint and the plastic waste generation that may enter the marine environment. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Impaktsicherheit von Baukonstruktionen durch mineralisch gebundene Komposite: Bauteilebene
Authors: Hering Marcus , Scheerer Silke , Curbach Manfred , Vo Duy Minh Phuong , Sennewald Cornelia , Cherif Chokri , Liebold Frank , Maas Hans‐Gerd , Qinami Aurel , Steinke Christian , Fuchs Alexander , Kaliske Michael , Curosu Iurie , Mechtcherine Viktor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractZiel des seit 2017 durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderten Graduiertenkollegs GRK 2250 ist die interdisziplinäre Erforschung von Methoden zur Erhöhung des Impaktwiderstands von Bauwerken durch nachträgliche Verstärkung. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in die GRK‐Forschung auf Strukturebene. Mineralisch gebundene Verstärkungsschichten wurden auf der dem Impakt abgewandten Bauteilseite untersucht. Als Material für diese Schichten kamen feinkörnige Matrices ohne und mit Kurzfasern zur Anwendung, deren Wirksamkeit in der Impaktverstärkung durch die Einbettung verschiedener Textilien variiert wurde. Derartig verstärkte Platten wurden in einer Fallturmanlage einer Impaktbelastung ausgesetzt. Ein wichtiger Indikator für die Effektivität einer Verstärkungsmethode ist die Beurteilung der Schädigung. Hierzu wurde unter anderem eine Methode zur Analyse von Rissmustern durch Bildsequenzanalyse entwickelt. Die Experimente dienten des Weiteren als Referenz für die Simulation der Rissausbreitung in den impaktbeanspruchten Bauteilen mit der Phasenfeldmethode.
Betonieren unter Verkehr
Authors: Krohn Sebastian , Schrick Michael , Maurer Reinhard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDie 1974 fertiggestellte Hochstraße Elbmarsch in Hamburg (K20), mit einer Länge von 3,8 km Deutschlands längste Straßenbrücke, wird im Zuge des achtstreifigen Ausbaus der A 7 verbreitert. Dazu wird der Spannbetonüberbau durch Verbundträger ergänzt. Die Fahrbahnplatten der neuen und alten Überbauten werden dabei monolithisch durch einen 50 cm breiten Fugenverguss miteinander verbunden. Ein ca. 100 m langes Teilstück wurde vorab als Pilotmaßnahme realisiert, um die gewählte Konzeption für die Verbreiterung zu erproben und Erfahrungen für die Gesamtmaßnahme zu gewinnen. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnissen zur Betonerhärtung im Fugenbereich zwischen Bestand und Verbreiterung, wobei der Beton unter den Erschütterungen des laufenden Verkehrs eingebracht wurde und erhärtete. Untersucht wurden die Auswirkungen der Erschütterungen auf die Druckfestigkeit des Betons, Rissbildungen und den Verbund der Bewehrung.
Life on parole: The quality of experiences soon after release contributes to a conviction‐free re‐entry
Authors: Gwynne Jessie L. , Yesberg Julia A. , Polaschek Devon L. L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople returning to the community after prison face many challenges, including finding suitable accommodation and employment, and accessing good social support. The prospects are particularly poor for high‐risk offenders with up to a third of those released in New Zealand returning to prison within 100 days.Aims/hypothesesWe developed the Parole Experiences Measure (PEM) to quantify the quality of men's life experiences during the first weeks of re‐entry from prison. We aimed to answer the question, can the quality of life experiences differentiate men who survive in the community without reconviction from those who do not?MethodsUsing a longitudinal design, we examined whether PEM scores for 178 men with extensive histories of crime and violence predicted three recidivism indices (breach of parole, reconviction and reimprisonment) over a 12‐month follow‐up period.ResultsWe found that PEM scores predicted all three indices of recidivism. Of the two PEM subscales, external circumstances (finances, support, accommodation) were more predictive of recidivism than subjective wellbeing (mental and physical health).Conclusions/implicationsThe results suggest that meeting basic practical needs in the early months of parole may be more important to avoiding reconviction than attending only to mental and physical health.
Meta‐analysis of intravascular volume expansion strategies to prevent contrast‐associated acute kidney injury following invasive angiography
Authors: Michel Pablo , Amione‐Guerra Javier , Sheikh Omar , Jameson Lauren C. , Bansal Shweta , Prasad Anand 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a detailed analysis of published data regarding intravascular volume expansion to prevent contrast‐associated acute kidney injury (CA‐AKI) and to determine if an ideal dose of IV fluids can be recommended.BackgroundAdministration of contrast media during invasive angiography is associated with CA‐AKI. Intravascular volume expansion is the most effective intervention to prevent CA‐AKI, yet evidenced based protocols are lacking.MethodsLiterature review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) of patients receiving IV volume expansion as prophylaxis for CA‐AKI was performed. Normal saline, Lactated Ringer's and sodium bicarbonate were included. The primary outcome was incidence of CA‐AKI.Results37 RCTs studying 12,166 patients were included. Mean age was 67 ± 5 years, 70% of the patients were male. 68% had chronic kidney disease, 41% diabetes, and 30% heart failure. The incidence of CA‐AKI was 9.5% (95% CI: 8–12%). IV expansion versus no volume administration was associated with a lower risk of CA‐AKI (RR:0.62; 95% CI: 0.49–0.77, p < .001). Intensive IV volume expansion was associated with a reduced risk of CA‐AKI(RR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.52–0.85, p < .01). The intensive IV volume expansion arm received significantly more fluids than the standard protocols: 1,574(1,123 – 1,913) ml versus 849(558–1,067) ml (p = .03) without significant difference in the duration of infusion (median of 12 vs. 17 hr, p = .1) or pulmonary edema (1.7% vs 1.3%, p = .7).ConclusionsDespite high variability in protocols used, IV volume expansion is effective in preventing CA‐AKI. Intensive IVF expansion (median 1.6 L over 17 hr) was associated with decreased risk of CA‐AKI.
[Gd(AAZTA)]− Derivatives with n‐Alkyl Acid Side Chains Show Improved Properties for Their Application as MRI Contrast Agents**
Authors: Kock Flávio Vinicius Crizóstomo , Forgács Attila , Guidolin Nicol , Stefania Rachele , Vágner Adrienn , Gianolio Eliana , Aime Silvio , Baranyai Zsolt 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerein, the synthesis and an extensive characterization of two novel Gd(AAZTA) (AAZTA=6‐amino‐6‐methylperhydro‐1,4‐diazepine tetra acetic acid) derivatives functionalized with short (C2 and C4) n‐alkyl acid functions are reported. The carboxylate functionality is the site for further conjugations for the design of more specific contrast agents (CAs). Interestingly, it has been found that the synthesized complexes display enhanced properties for use as MRI contrast agents on their own. The stability constants determined by using potentiometric titration and UV/Vis spectrophotometry were slightly higher than the one reported for the parent Gd(AAZTA) complex. This observation might be accounted for by the larger sigma‐electron donation of the acyl substituents with respect to the one provided by the methyl group in the parent complex. As far as concerns the kinetic stability, transmetallation experiments with endogenous ions (e.g. Cu2+) implied that the Gd3+ ions present in these Gd(AAZTA) derivatives show somewhat smaller susceptibility to chemical exchange towards these ions at 25 °C, close to the physiological condition. The 1H NMR spectra of the complexes with EuIII and YbIII displayed a set of signals consistent with half the number of methylene protons present on each ligand. The number of resonances was invariant over a large range of temperatures, suggesting the occurrence of a fast interconversion between structural isomers. The relaxivity values (298 K, 20 MHz) were consistent with q=2 being equal to 8.8 mm−1 s−1 for the C2 derivative and 9.4 mm−1 s−1 for the C4 one, that is, sensibly larger than the one reported for Gd(AAZTA) (7.1 mm−1 s−1). Variable‐temperature (VT)‐T2 17O NMR measurements showed, for both complexes, the presence of two populations of coordinated water molecules, one in fast and one in slow exchange with the bulk water. As the high‐resolution 1H NMR spectra of the analogs with EuIII and YbIII did not show the occurrence of distinct isomers (as frequently observed in other macrocyclic lanthanide(III)‐containing complexes), we surmised the presence of two fast‐interconverting isomers in solution. The analysis of the 17O NMR VT‐T2 profiles versus temperature allowed their relative molar fraction to be established as 35 % for the isomer with the fast exchanging water and 65 % for the isomer with the water molecules in slower exchange. Finally, 1H NMRD profiles over an extended range of applied magnetic field strengths have been satisfactory fitted on the basis of the occurrence of the two interconverting species.
Calcium Hydride Catalysts for Olefin Hydrofunctionalization: Ring‐Size Effect of Macrocyclic Ligands on Activity
Authors: Höllerhage Thomas , Schuhknecht Danny , Mistry Alisha , Spaniol Thomas P. , Yang Yan , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe fifteen‐membered NNNNN macrocycle Me5PACP (Me5PACP=1,4,7,10,13‐pentamethyl‐1,4,7,10,13‐pentaazacyclopentadecane) stabilized the [CaH]+ fragment as a dimer with a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal coordination geometry at calcium. The hydride complex was prepared by protonolysis of calcium dibenzyl with the conjugate acid of Me5PACP followed by hydrogenolysis or treating with nOctSiH3 of the intermediate calcium benzyl cation. The calcium hydride catalyzed the hydrogenation and hydrosilylation of unactivated olefins faster than the analogous calcium complex stabilized by the twelve‐membered NNNN macrocycle Me4TACD (Me4TACD=1,4,7,10‐tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane). Kinetic investigations indicate that higher catalytic efficiency for the Me5PACP stabilized calcium hydride is due to easier dissociation of the dimer in solution when compared to the Me4TACD analogue.
Multienvironment performance comparison of robot‐assisted indoor location estimation system
Authors: Perente Osman Kerem , Serif Tacha 
Published: November 2020

SummaryMany indoor location systems utilizing the fingerprinting technique require frequent signal map generation due to the dynamic properties of indoor environments. This time‐consuming task can be freed from human involvement by using various techniques. Thus, a robot‐aided signal map creator is implemented and its positioning performance as well as its mapping time is compared with a widely used human facilitated approach. For testing purposes, a low‐cost, low‐power, not off‐the‐shelf signal data collection robot is implemented. Its signal collection speed and location estimation precision is then compared with the manual method both in a small and large environment. The findings indicate that in the small environment, robot‐aided approach performs with 268‐cm error‐rate 70% of the time. On the other hand, the improved robot‐aided approach in large environment saves 52 min of labor‐intense legwork and achieves 303.5‐cm mean error‐rate.
Charge‐State‐Dependent Fragmentation of [2.2]Based Metallosupramolecular Cyclic Helicates in the Gas Phase
Authors: Anhäuser Jana , Lützen Arne , Engeser Marianne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA detailed mass‐spectrometric study provides insight into the gas‐phase fragmentation pathways of a cyclic helicate selectively built from four iron(II) centers and six [2.2]cyclophane‐based ligands through the subcomponent self‐assembly approach. The charge state of the precursor ion, i. e., the number of triflate anions accompanying the metallo‐supramolecular core, has a strong influence on the observed fragmentations. The triply charged ion shows loss of a neutral ligand whereas ions of higher charge fragment by up to three different charge‐separating pathways to minimize the charge density of the ions. Additional subsequent fragmentations of highly charged fragment ions include redox processes as well as splitting of the unusual paracyclophane backbone.
Fibrocyte localisation to the ASM bundle in asthma: bidirectional effects on cell phenotype and behaviour
Authors: Saunders Ruth , Kaur Davinder , Desai Dhananjay , Berair Rachid , Chachi Latifa , Thompson Richard D , Siddiqui Salman H , Brightling Christopher E 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesAirway hyper‐responsiveness and persistent airflow obstruction contribute to asthma pathogenesis and symptoms, due in part to airway smooth muscle (ASM) hypercontractility and increased ASM mass. Fibrocytes have been shown to localise to the ASM in asthma however it is not known whether fibrocytes localise to the ASM in nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, the potential consequences of fibrocyte localisation to ASM as regards asthma pathophysiology has not been widely studied.MethodsFibrocytes and proliferating cells were enumerated in ASM in bronchial tissue using immunohistochemistry. The effects of primary ASM and fibrocytes upon each other in terms of phenotype and behaviour following co‐culture were investigated by assessing cell number, size, apoptotic status, phenotype and contractility in in vitro cell‐based assays.ResultsIncreased fibrocyte number in the ASM was observed in asthma versus NAEB, but not NAEB and COPD versus controls, and confirmed in asthma versus controls. ASM proliferation was not detectably different in asthmatics versus healthy controls in vivo. No difference in proliferation, apoptotic status or size of ASM was seen following culture with/without fibrocytes. Following co‐culture with ASM from asthmatics versus nonasthmatics, fibrocyte smooth muscle marker expression and collagen gel contraction were greater. Following co‐culture, fibrocyte CD14 expression was restored with the potential to contribute to asthma pathogenesis via monocyte‐mediated processes dependent on the inflammatory milieu.ConclusionFurther understanding of mechanisms of fibrocyte recruitment to and/or differentiation within the ASM may identify novel therapeutic targets to modulate ASM dysfunction in asthma.
Application of leaf size and leafing intensity scaling across subtropical trees
Authors: Sun Jun , Chen Xiaoping , Wang Mantang , Li Jinlong , Zhong Quanlin , Cheng Dongliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the scaling between leaf size and leafing intensity (leaf number per stem size) is crucial for comprehending theories about the leaf costs and benefits in the leaf size–twig size spectrum. However, the scaling scope of leaf size versus leafing intensity changes along the twig leaf size variation in different leaf habit species remains elusive. Here, we hypothesize that the numerical value of scaling exponent for leaf mass versus leafing intensity in twig is governed by the minimum leaf mass versus maximum leaf mass (Mmin versus Mmax) and constrained to be ≤−1.0. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the twigs of 123 species datasets compiled in the subtropical mountain forest. The standardized major axis regression (SMA) analyses showed the Mmin scaled as the 1.19 power of Mmax and the ‐α (−1.19) were not statistically different from the exponents of Mmin versus leafing intensity in whole data. Across leaf habit groups, the Mmax scaled negatively and isometrically with respect to leafing intensity. The pooled data's scaling exponents ranged from −1.14 to −0.96 for Mmin and Mmax versus the leafing intensity based on stem volume (LIV). In the case of Mmin and Mmax versus the leafing intensity based on stem mass (LIM), the scaling exponents ranged from −1.24 to −1.04. Our hypothesis successfully predicts that the scaling relationship between leaf mass and leafing intensity is constrained to be ≤−1.0. More importantly, the lower limit to scaling of leaf mass and leafing intensity may be closely correlated with Mmin versus Mmax. Besides, constrained by the maximum leaf mass expansion, the broad scope range between leaf size and number may be insensitive to leaf habit groups in subtropical mountain forest.
PEA measurement of low‐density polyethylene using spin‐coated P(VDF‐TrFE) film and acoustic propagation analysis based on viscoelasticity
Authors: Ozaki Ryotaro , Sanada Sota , Ochi Kizuki , Yudate Shinji , Kadowaki Kazunori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPulsed electroacoustic (PEA) space charge measurement of low‐density polyethylene using a spin‐coated poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) thin film is demonstrated. The space charge profile of a low‐density polyethylene film with a thickness of 150 μm is measured by PEA method. Compared with conventional 9 and 30‐μm piezoelectric films, the space charge profile obtained by the 3‐μm spin‐coated film shows better spatial resolution. Furthermore, acoustic attenuation of a PEA signal is also analytically studied using the Kelvin‐Voigt model for viscoelastic materials.
Promise and reality of practical potassium‐based energy storage systems
Authors: Yi Yuyang , Zhao Yu , Sun Jingyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe soaring demands for reliable, safe, and low‐cost power grid request the rational development of innovative energy storage systems with cost‐effectiveness and sustainability. In response, potassium‐based energy storage systems have recently attracted considerable attentions as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries targeting applications in portable electronics and electric vehicles. Latest years have indeed witnessed excellent review articles summarizing research activities and technological advances in this realm. However, such a field is progressing so fast that many updates have not been fully caught up. In this review, recent advances in the designing strategies for the anode component of potassium‐based energy storage devices, including potassium‐ion batteries, potassium metal batteries, and potassium‐ion hybrid capacitors, are extensively reviewed. The existing challenges are acknowledged in the beginning of each section pertaining to these systems, followed by presenting the fruitful progress achieved. A brief proposal for future directions in this emerging field is put forward at the end of the context.
Heterogeneous degradation of oil field additives by Cu(II) complex‐activated persulfate oxidation
Authors: Tang Ying , Zhou Ling , Xu Zhongying , Zhang Jie , Qu Chengtuan , Zhang Zhifang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, bentonite‐supported Cu(II) complex (B@Cu(II)L) was prepared by a one‐pot method and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for evaluating its catalytic activity in oxidation degradation of hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPGG) in oilfield wastewater. All of the reaction parameters effected degradation efficiency, such as Na2S2O8 concentration, catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and pH value, were investigated in detail. The results showed that the absolute viscosity of HPGG solution can be decreased from 15 to 1.48 mm2/s in presence of 15% Na2S2O8 (mass ratio to HPGG) and 1.5 g/L B@Cu(II)L at 45°C and pH = 10. It was also found that the chemical oxygen demand of HPGG solution catalyzed by B@Cu(II)L decreased from 4,080 to 584 mg/L after 240 min under the optimum experimental conditions. The catalytic activity of supported bivalent copper complexes over bentonite was gradually decreased due to the loss of the active copper.
Hippocampal volumes in anorexia nervosa at different stages of the disorder
Authors: Collantoni Enrico , Tenconi Elena , Solmi Marco , Meneguzzo Paolo , Marzola Enrica , D'Agata Federico , Gotti Stefano , Daga Giovanni Abbate , Manara Renzo , Favaro Angela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionHippocampus is involved in a range of cognitive and behavioural processes, and its volume has been found to be reduced in different psychiatric disorders. The present study aims at exploring hippocampal volumes in anorexia nervosa (AN) at different stages of the disorder (a few months after onset, more than 1 year after onset and after recovery).MethodsTwo samples were included in the present study. The first was composed of 58 patients (38 with present AN, 20 full recovered from AN) and 38 age‐matched healthy women (HW); the second, recruited at a different site, included 20 patients with AN and 16 HW. Hippocampal volume has been estimated using an automated segmentation algorithm. Age, site of scanning and total intracranial volumes were used as covariates in the statistical analyses.ResultsAN patients showed a reduced hippocampal volume in comparison to HW, with no substantial differences between patients with recent onset and those with a longer duration of illness. Among patients, hippocampal volumes correlated with body mass index, anxiety and drive for thinness.DiscussionOur findings suggest an early role of malnutrition in the morphologic alterations of the hippocampus in AN and a possible role of this brain structure in mediating specific psychopathological traits.