bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whose experience is it anyway? Toward a constructive engagement of tensions in patient-centered health care
Authors: Vogus Timothy J. , Gallan Andrew , Rathert Cheryl , El-Manstrly Dahlia , Strong Alexis 
Published: August 2020

PurposeHealthcare delivery faces increasing pressure to move from a provider-centered approach to become more consumer-driven and patient-centered. However, many of the actions taken by clinicians, patients and organizations fail to achieve that aim. This paper aims to take a paradox-based perspective to explore five specific tensions that emerge from this shift and provides implications for patient experience research and practice.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a conceptual approach that synthesizes literature in health services and administration, organizational behavior, services marketing and management and service operations to illuminate five patient experience tensions and explore mitigation strategies.FindingsThe paper makes three key contributions. First, it identifies five tensions that result from the shift to more patient-centered care: patient focus vs employee focus, provider incentives vs provider motivations, care customization vs standardization, patient workload vs organizational workload and service recovery vs organizational risk. Second, it highlights multiple theories that provide insight into the existence of the tensions and how they may be navigated. Third, specific organizational practices that engage the tensions and associated examples of leading organizations are identified. Relevant measures for research and practice are also suggested.Originality/valueThe authors develop a novel analysis of five persistent tensions facing healthcare organizations as a result of a shift to a more consumer-driven, patient-centered approach to care. The authors detail each tension, discuss an existing theory from organizational behavior or services marketing that helps make sense of the tension, suggest potential solutions for managing or resolving the tension and provide representative case illustrations and useful measures.
On some alleged “problems” and alleged “solutions” in democratic firms
Authors: Ellerman David 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis paper will discuss two problems that have plagued the literature on the Ward-Domar-Vanek labor-managed firm (LMF) model, the perverse supply response problem and the horizon problem. The paper also discusses the solution to the horizon problem and the alleged “solution” of a membership market.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper so it analyzes the two problems and shows how they can be resolved. It also shows how one alleged “solution” (membership market) is based on several conceptual mistakes about the structure of rights in a democratic firm.FindingsThe perverse supply response is based on the assumption that the members of a democratic firm can expel for no cause some members when it would benefit the remaining members. It is shown that the same perverse behavior happens conceptually and historically in a conventional firm under the same assumptions. The horizon problem is resolved by the system of internal capital accounts (ICAs) that has been independently invented at least four times.Research limitations/implicationsThe idea of a democratic firm is quite often dismissed by conventional economists: “At first it seems like a good idea but unfortunately it is plagued by structural problems such as the perverse supply response and the horizon problem.” Hence it is important to see that the first is not a problem under ordinary assumptions and that the second is a solved problem.Practical implicationsThe perverse supply response problem can be reproduced in a conventional firm under similar assumptions, and the horizon problem is real problem for social or common ownership firms but is solved in the Mondragon-type worker cooperatives by the system of ICAs. This has been known and published since the early 1980s, but conventional economists ignore the solution and still cite it as an inherent structure problem of a democratic firm.Originality/valueIt has not been previously shown in the LMF literature that the perverse supply response can be reproduced in a conventional corporation under similar assumptions since the maximand for the conventional firm is not total market value but that value per current shareholder. The solution to the horizon problem using ICAs has long been “known” but never acknowledged in the conventional literature as if it was a necessary feature of workplace democracy. The idea of a membership market is analyzed and criticized.
Sensation Seeking and Overconfidence in day traders: evidence from Brazil
Authors: Antonelli-Filho Paulo , Bressan Aureliano Angel , Vieira Kelmara Mendes , Potrich Ani Caroline Grigion 
Published: August 2020

PurposeIn this work, the authors conduct an online survey to evaluate how Sensation Seeking and Overconfidence influences the transaction volume of day traders in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a survey to gather the primary data. They applied linear regressions between the variables, and then the stepwise technique in order to eliminate the ones with the least explanatory power.FindingsThe authors found that the aggregated trace Sensation Seeking did not positively influence the trading volume of day traders, but some of its facets did, like Thrill and Adventure Seeking and Boredom Susceptibility/Impulsivity. For the Overconfidence bias, only its Overplacement form showed a positive effect on the transaction volume of day traders, while Overestimation and Miscalibration did not.Originality/valueThis is the first study that seeks to identify the relationship of Sensation Seeking and Overconfidence, considering their different facets and forms, in a more homogeneous sample of day traders, which have mostly speculative reasons for trading. Its results reveal the multidimensional characteristics of the Sensation Seeking and Overconfidence behavioral aspects and lighten some of the motivations for day traders to overtrade.
Evolutionary history, not ecogeographic rules, explains size variation of tropical insects along elevational gradients
Authors: Garcia‐Robledo Carlos , Baer Christina S. , Lippert Kes , Sarathy Vikas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

One of the best‐known biogeographic rules for ectotherms is the temperature‐size rule, which asserts that ectotherms produce smaller adults at warmer temperatures. Although this is often true, it has become clear that there is no single process behind the pattern and many exceptions to the rule. To disentangle such complex temperature–size relationships, individual clades must be examined at ecological and evolutionary scales.

We examined temperature–size relationships for 2,106 individuals from 64 populations and 40 species of Cephaloleia rolled‐leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae; Cassidinae) occurring along two tropical elevational gradients: Barva and the Talamanca Cordillera in Costa Rica, Central America. We tested whether the temperature‐size rule applied to interspecific elevational assemblages, intraspecific elevational populations or different rearing temperatures for individual populations.

At the interspecific scale, evolutionary history, rather than elevation, explains body size. At the intraspecific scale, only one of seven species followed the temperature–size rule across elevations. When larvae were reared at different temperatures, only one of five populations followed the temperature–size rule. Most populations grew to a fixed size regardless of temperature.

Size in Cephaloleia beetles is constrained by their evolutionary history and responds to factors that rarely correlate with temperature. As temperature increases, ectotherms will not universally shrink, but determining if and why their size will change will require further investigation.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A comparative study of the antioxidant profiles of olive fruit and leaf extracts against five reactive oxygen species as measured with a multiple free‐radical scavenging method
Authors: Sueishi Yoshimi , Nii Risako 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOlive fruits and leaves are recognized to have great potential as natural sources of antioxidants. The major phenolic antioxidant component in these plant tissues is oleuropein. The antioxidant activity of olive fruits and leaves was evaluated in this study using multiple free‐radical scavenging (MULTIS) methods, wherein we determined the scavenging abilities of different extracts against five reactive oxygen species (ROS; HO·, O2−·, RO·, t‐BuOO·, and 1O2). Raw olive fruits taste bitter and are inedible without undergoing a debittering treatment. Following the NaOH‐debittering process, the radical scavenging activity of olives decreased by 90%. The MULTIS measurements indicated that oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are responsible for the radical scavenging activity of olive fruits. Furthermore, we evaluated the radical scavenging profiles of olive leaf extracts against five ROS and found significant seasonal variations in their antioxidant activities. Leaves picked in August possessed greater radical scavenging abilities (180% to 410% for different ROS) than those picked in the cold season (December and February). In roasted olive leaves, we found marked increases (230% to 300% and 180% to 220%) in the antioxidant activities of Maillard reaction products against RO· and t‐BuOO·, respectively. This study presented a useful comparative analysis of the antioxidant capacities of food against various types of ROS.Practical ApplicationIn this study, we evaluated the natural antioxidant activity of olive fruits and leaves against five reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found characteristic differences in the antioxidant profiles of different olive tissues, which varied after different treatments (debittering [fruit], drying [leaf], and roasting [leaf]). Comparative studies of the antioxidant capacities of foods against various ROS are useful to improve the functionality of food products.
African Americans now outpace whites in opioid‐involved overdose deaths: a comparison of temporal trends from 1999 to 2018
Authors: Furr‐Holden Debra , Milam Adam J. , Wang Ling , Sadler Richard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo estimate racial differences in rates of opioid‐involved overdose deaths (OOD) between whites and African Americans in the United States from 1999 to 2018 to (1) identify racial variation in the temporal trends of OOD during the 20‐year period and (2) compare trends in OOD rates between whites and African Americans using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) three defined OOD epidemic periods.MethodsData were obtained from the CDC wide‐ranging on‐line data for epidemiological research, which combines OOD data from the National Vital Statistics System, and population data from the US Census Bureau. Joinpoint regression models were used to estimate age‐adjusted annual percentage change (APC) in OOD by race from 1999 to 2018.ResultsThe temporal trends of OOD varied by race. African Americans had a persistently low rate of OOD and statistically non‐significant rate of change in OOD from 1999 to 2012 (APC = 0.47; P > 0.05), with a statistically significant and rapid acceleration in OOD rates in 2012 that persisted to 2018 (APC = 26.16; P < 0.01). Whites had three statistically significant periods of acceleration in OOD rate from 1999 to 2006 (APC = 12.43; P < 0.01), 2006 to 2013 (APC = 4.34, P < 0.01) and the greatest increase from 2013 to 2016 (APC = 18.96; P < 0.01). Whites had a statistically non‐significant decrease in OOD from 2016 to 2018 (P = 0.16). The trend for whites more closely aligned with the CDC‐defined epidemic periods than for African Americans. During wave 1 (1999–2010), the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for African Americans was significantly lower than for whites (0.47 versus 9.42, P < 0.01); however, by wave 3 (2013–current; defined by the introduction of illicitly manufactured fentanyl), the AAPC was significantly higher in African Americans (26.16 versus 13.19, P < 0.01).ConclusionsDespite historically lower rates of opioid misuse and opioid‐involved overdose deaths among African Americans compared with whites, the growth in opioid‐involved overdose deaths among African Americans now outpaces that of whites in the United States.
Ablation of premature ventricular contraction triggering ventricular fibrillation in a patient with early repolarization syndrome
Authors: Qifang Liu , Jing Huang , Yidong Zhao , Long Yang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEarly repolarization syndrome is associated with an increased risk of arrhythmic death caused by ventricular fibrillation (VF). VF is usually initiated by premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), and PVCs commonly arise from Purkinje system, the ventricular outflow tract, and papillary muscles. We report the case of a patient with J wave syndromes and recurrent VF, triggered by PVCs originating from the tricuspid annular region. VF was successfully suppressed by catheter ablation of the triggering PVCs, and there has been no recurrence of VF during a follow‐up period of 6 months.
Our life at home: Photos from families inform discharge planning for medically complex children
Authors: Barone Silvana , Boss Renee D. , Raisanen Jessica C. , Shepard Jennifer , Donohue Pamela K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfants with medical complexity are increasingly cared for at home, creating unique challenges for their caregivers. The sickest of these are those with chronic critical illness (CCI). These infants’ medical fragility and resource‐intensive needs puts them at increased risk for suboptimal transitions from hospital‐ to home‐based care. It is unclear whether, and if so, to what extent clinicians gather and use knowledge of a family's home context during discharge planning.MethodsThis study is a pilot of a novel program, using Photovoice methodology, which aims to record and reflect the experience of caring for a child with CCI at home from caregivers’ perspectives and to provide direct feedback to inpatient discharging clinicians, with the goal of increasing awareness of (a) the importance of home context and (b) current discharge limitations.ResultsThrough photographs, parents described the importance of developing new routines, learning how to be a family, the impact of medical technology on nearly all aspects of everyday life, the critical role played by clinicians during the transition home, and feelings of social stigma and isolation. Clinicians, in turn, learned about gaps in discharge planning and the value of making families part of the decision‐making team. They also found meaning in seeing the children they had cared for doing well at home, which subsequently bolstered enthusiasm for their job.ConclusionsFindings from this pilot study highlight the importance of understanding the lived experience of families caring for medically complex children at home and suggest that this knowledge can be used to address gaps in the transition home.
Time‐to‐event survival statistics in ophthalmology: Methodological research
Authors: Layton Christopher J. , Layton Danielle M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImportanceUnderstanding the outcomes of interventions over time is essential for clinical decision making in surgical specialties.BackgroundAnalysis of survival time (or time to event) is complicated when loss to follow up occurs. This article explores transparent data analysis methods where missing (“censored”) data are present.DesignManual search of the top 20 Ophthalmology journals from a recent year of the established literature (2014).SamplesA total of 4565 articles were identified, of which 218 reported outcomes of treatment over time in humans.MethodsPertinent details to assist the use of Kaplan‐Meier and life table actuarial statistics are explained, and criteria that define whether each has high, acceptable or poor quality are explored. The quality of reporting from the literature sample is analysed.Main Outcome MeasuresReporting quality of survival curves and life tables from each sampled article is assessed according to the established criteria.ResultsIn total, 31.2% of samples (n = 68) presented survival curves, 53.2% (n = 116) presented life tables, 22% (n = 48) presented both, whilst 46.8% (n = 102) presented neither; 2% of survival curves and 13% of life tables were high quality, with quality of life tables significantly better than survival curves (P = .0042). 90.36% (n = 197) of articles reported time to event data which was classified as poor: due to poor analysis of survival curves (n = 50, 43.10%) poor analysis of life tables (n = 45, 66.18%); and complete omission of survival graphics (n = 102, 46.97%).Conclusions and RelevanceOphthalmology research that follows patient outcomes over time can be analysed with “time‐to‐event” statistics, and reported with transparency. This analysis showed that important contextural information was omitted from 90% of ophthalmic studies, and this could impact patient decision making.
Reduction in global habitat loss from fossil‐fuel‐dependent increases in cropland productivity
Authors: Goklany Indur M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTerrestrial biodiversity loss and climate change, driven mainly by loss of habitat to agriculture and fossil fuel (FF) use, respectively, are considered among the world's greatest environmental threats. However, FF‐dependent technologies are currently essential for manufacturing synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (SNFs) and synthetic pesticides (SPs) critical to increasing agricultural productivity, which reduces habitat loss. Fossil fuel use increases CO2 levels, further enhancing agricultural productivity. Based on estimates of global increases in yields from SNFs, SPs, and atmospheric CO2 fertilization, I estimated that FF‐dependent technologies are responsible for at least 62.5% of current global food production (GFP) from cropland. Thus, if FF use is eschewed in the future, maintaining current GFP means croplands would have to increase from 12.2% of global land area (GLA) excluding Antarctica to 32.7%. The additional 20.4% of GLA needed exceeds habitat lost currently to cropland (12.2% of GLA) and cumulative conservation areas globally (14.6% of GLA). Thus, although eliminating FF use could reduce climate change, its unintended consequences may be to significantly exacerbate biodiversity loss and indirectly increase food costs, reducing food security which, moreover, disproportionately affects the poor. Although it may be possible to replace SNFs and SPs with FF‐free technologies, such substitutes have not yet been demonstrated to be sufficiently economical or efficient. In the interim, meeting global food demand and keeping food prices affordable would increase habitat conversion and food prices. These trade‐offs should be considered in analyses of climate change policies.
Understanding the distribution of bushmeat hunting effort across landscapes by testing hypotheses about human foraging
Authors: Brodie Jedediah F. , Fragoso Jose M. V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMitigating the massive impacts of defaunation on natural ecosystems requires understanding and predicting hunting effort across the landscape. But such understanding has been hindered by the difficulty of assessing the movement patterns of hunters in thick forests and across complex terrain. We statistically tested hypotheses about the spatial distribution of hunting with circuit theory and structural equation models. We used a data set of >7000 known kill locations in Guyana and hunter movement models to test these methods. Comparing models with different resistance layers (i.e., different estimates of how terrain and land cover influence human movement speed) showed that rivers, on average, limited movement rather than serving as transport arteries. Moreover, far more kills occurred close to villages than in remote areas. This, combined with the lack of support for structural equation models that included latent terms for prey depletion driven by past overhunting, suggests that kill locations in this system tended to be driven by where hunters were currently foraging rather than by influences of historical harvest. These analyses are generalizable to a variety of ecosystems, species, and data types, providing a powerful way of enhancing maps and predictions of hunting effort across complex landscapes.
Protected areas are now the last strongholds for many imperiled mammal species
Authors: Pacifici Michela , Di Marco Moreno , Watson James E. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe global network of terrestrial protected areas (PAs) has experienced a fourfold expansion since the 1970s. Yet, there is increasing debate around the role of the global PA estate in covering and sustaining threatened species, with serious ramifications for current PA financing and the setting of post‐2020 global conservation targets. By comparing “past” (1970s) and current distribution range of 237 mammals, and measuring the proportion of range covered by PAs in the past and in the present, we show that a small number of PAs have now become the last bastions of hope for ensuring the persistence of many mammal species. For 187 species (∼79% of those analyzed) the proportion of range covered by PAs has doubled over the time period, with 10% of all species now having most of their current range protected. This increase in proportional protection over time is largely due to a retreat of species distribution (outside existing PAs) and, in smaller part, to PA expansion. It is clear that adequately resourcing those PAs critical in sustaining mammal species is now essential, to avert a worldwide rapid mammal loss.
Smooth muscle hamartoma and striated muscle hamartoma: Clinicopathologic characterization of two rare entities and literature review
Authors: González Iván A. , Dehner Louis P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSmooth muscle hamartoma (SMH) and striated muscle hamartoma (STH) are anomalous proliferations of smooth muscle or striated muscle, respectively, in anatomic sites where these tissues are normally present. To date, only limited cases have been reported describing these lesions. In this study, we sought to characterize the clinicopathologic features of both SMH and STH. A total of 27 cases of SMH and 12 cases of STH from 1990 to 2020 were identified. SMH cases had a slight male predominance (63%) and a mean age of presentation of 20 years (range: 4 months‐91 years), with a mean size of 9.3 mm (±13.3). In contrast, STH were equally distributed in gender, with a mean age of presentation of 40 years (range: 3 months‐66 years) and a mean size of 5.7 mm (±3.6). SMH were more commonly located in the torso and extremities (70%) and STH in the head and neck area (92%). One case of SMH recurred after 1.1 years and in the initial diagnosis the lesion was present at the tissue edge. None of the cases of STH had a recurrence. We present the largest cohort of SMH and STH, and report the first case of a recurrent SMH, suggesting the importance of obtaining a clean margin for these lesions.