bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐reported sleep patterns and quality amongst adolescents: cross‐sectional and prospective associations with anxiety and depression
Authors: Orchard Faith , Gregory Alice M. , Gradisar Michael , Reynolds Shirley 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundSleep problems are common in adolescence, and frequently comorbid with both anxiety and depression. Research studies have suggested a bidirectional relationship between sleep and psychopathology, which includes evidence that sleep interventions can alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, little is known about the nature of sleep problems amongst adolescents with anxiety and depression, and whether specific sleeping difficulties are involved in the longitudinal relationship between sleep, anxiety and depression.MethodThe sample was derived from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a population‐based, prospective, birth cohort study of children born in 1991–1992. Data were explored from a subset of participants who took part in a clinical assessment at age 15, on self‐report sleep patterns and quality, and diagnostic outcomes of anxiety and depression (N = 5,033). Subsequent diagnostic and symptom severity data on anxiety and depression at ages 17, 21 and 24 were also examined.ResultsCross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between sleep problems, anxiety and depression. Results revealed that adolescents aged 15 with depression experience difficulties with both sleep patterns and sleep quality, whereas adolescents with anxiety only reported problems with sleep quality. A range of sleep variables at age 15 predicted the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms and the diagnoses of anxiety and depressive disorders at age 17, 21 and 24 years.ConclusionsThe results provide further insight into the nature of sleep problems amongst adolescents with anxiety and depression, and the prospective relationship between sleep disturbance and future psychopathology. These data suggest that targeting sleep difficulties during adolescence may have long‐term mental health benefits.
Dietary patterns, beliefs and behaviours among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kamp K. J. , Pennings B. , Javelli D. , Wyatt G. , Given B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a group of incurable gastrointestinal diseases that are common among young adults. The present study aimed to describe dietary intake, self‐modifications and beliefs among adults aged 18–35 years with IBD and to compare those with active versus inactive disease. National guidelines for daily intake include: 34 g of fibre for males and 28 g of fibre for females, 3 oz of whole grains, 1000 mg of calcium, <10% of added sugars, three cups of dairy, 2.5 cups of vegetables and two cups of fruit.MethodsIndividuals with a diagnosis of IBD were recruited online using convenience sampling (n = 147). Data included a dietary screening questionnaire, self‐directed diet modifications, dietary beliefs questionnaire and demographics. Chi‐squared and t‐tests were used to compare those with active versus inactive disease.ResultsThe sample was predominantly female (90%) and diagnosed with Crohn's disease (64%). Daily intake for females was 9.7 g of fibre, 0.3 oz of whole grains, 683.8 g of calcium, 1.1 of cups vegetables and 0.5 of cups fruit. Daily intake for males was 14.2 g of fibre, 0.4 oz of whole grains, 882.9 g of calcium, 1.4 cups of vegetables and 0.5 cups of fruit. Participants most often modified fibre (73%), fruits and vegetables (71%), grains (67%), and dairy (66%) as a result of their IBD. Eighty‐three percent believed that modifying their diet could reduce IBD symptoms.ConclusionsBoth men and women with IBD struggle to meet the national guidelines for intake of fibre, whole grains, fruits and vegetables. The majority reported modifying their dietary intake as a result of IBD and expressed belief that diet could reduce symptoms.
Facial aesthetic evaluation of rehabilitation effects in edentulous patients with varying degrees of residual ridge resorption by 3D stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Tang Jinxin , Wang Yu , Wang Zhongyi , Guo Yanyang , Wang Chen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundResidual ridge resorption impairs patients’ satisfaction with complete denture (CD) treatment, but influence of bone resorption on the aesthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients still remains unclear due to insufficient quantitative investigations.ObjectivesTo quantitatively evaluate the effects of residual ridge resorption on facial aesthetic reconstruction in elderly edentulous patients.MethodsAccording to radiological examination, a total of 19 edentulous subjects were categorised into two groups, atrophic patients (APs) and non‐atrophic patients (NAPs). Before CD treatment and 3 months after treatment, patients were asked to complete the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES). The changes in facial appearance were measured by 3D stereophotogrammetry, and the facial parameters of two groups were compared.ResultsThe patient's subjective satisfaction of oro‐facial aesthetics and 3D objective assessment of facial appearance improved after CD treatment. Subnasale‐gnathion (Sn‐Gn) significantly increased from 60.13 ± 3.91 mm to 62.27 ± 3.82 mm. After rehabilitation, glabella‐subnasale (G‐Sn)/Sn‐Gn, nasolabial (Cm‐Sn‐Ls) and mentolabial (Li‐Sm‐Pg) significantly decreased and were closer to normal values. Moreover, the subtraction value between G‐Sn/Sn‐Gn and normal value before treatment of APs and NAPs was 14.47 ± 8.04% and 6.94 ± 3.69%, respectively (P = .026), while after treatment, the values decreased to 10.61 ± 6.33% and 3.86 ± 2.31% (P = .013), respectively.ConclusionThe increased volume of lips and cheeks played an important role in the facial aesthetic reconstruction of edentulous patients. NAPs tended to have more attractive faces after CD treatment, as their facial profile parameters (G‐Sn/Sn‐Gn and Cm‐Sn‐Ls) were closer to normal Chinese with well‐balanced faces.
Technical Protocol for Presenting Maxillofacial Prosthetics Concepts to Dental Students using Interactive 3D Virtual Models within a Portable Document Format
Authors: Elbashti Mahmoud , Aswehlee Amel , Nguyen Caroline Tram , Ella Bruno , Naveau Adrien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn appropriate presentation of maxillofacial defects and their prosthetic rehabilitation concepts using traditional two‐dimensional educational materials is challenging for dental students and prosthodontics residents. This technique article introduces a simple approach to visualize and communicate three‐dimensional (3D) virtual models embedded into a portable document format (PDF) file for presenting maxillofacial prosthetics concepts and enhancing students’ spatial ability when learning maxillofacial prosthetics. MeVisLab software was used to combine various maxillofacial models and save them as a single 3D model. Adobe Acrobat Pro DC software was used to import the 3D model and create interactive visualization PDF documents. Adobe reader software was then used to visualize the content of the PDF documents. This approach allows educators to develop PDF files with multiple 3D models for teaching maxillofacial prosthetics concepts and communicate them with their students. Students can simply open the PDF file, activate the 3D mode, and interactively manipulate the 3D models to enhance their spatial ability for learning maxillofacial prosthetics.
Effect of a Home Bleaching Agent on the Ion Elution of Different Esthetic Materials
Authors: Karaokutan Isil , Aykent Filiz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of a 16% carbamide peroxide home bleaching agent on the ion elution of different esthetic restorative materials and to determine if the released ions exceed the minimal risk levels.Materials and MethodsCeramic materials comprising a low‐fusing porcelain (Vita VM7), lithium disilicate glass‐ceramics (IPS e.max Press and IPS e.max CAD), zirconium substructure materials (IPS e.max ZirCAD and Vita In‐Ceram YZ for InLab), and ceromers (Estenia and Tescera ATL) were chosen. Thirty disk‐shaped specimens (2 mm thickness and 10 mm diameter) were fabricated from each material and then were divided into 3 experimental groups to receive one of the following solutions: acetic acid (positive control), a bleaching agent and distilled water (negative control) (n = 10/group). For the bleaching agent, the specimens were subjected to a 16% carbamide peroxide solution (VOCO Perfect Bleach) for 2 hours per day for 14 days. A 4% acetic acid solution was applied at 80°C for 16 hours according to the ISO 6872:2015 protocol and specimens of negative control group were immersed in distilled water for 16 hours. Ion elution measurements were conducted with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) after immersion in the solutions, and the weight loss of the materials was measured with a precision scale. Changes in the surface topography were investigated by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results were evaluated using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).ResultsAmong the specimens tested, the most ion elution was observed in the Tescera ATL group, and the least ion elution was observed in the e.max ZirCAD group in all solutions. Ion elution was found to be greater in the bleaching agent than in the acetic acid and distilled water groups. Sodium was the most released ion, and zinc and lithium were the least released among the elements tested.ConclusionsIt should be noted that the bleaching‐related ion release may exceed toxic doses even if restorative materials meet ISO 6872 standards, and the materials should be protected before home bleaching to prevent ion elution.
Melatonin recovers sleep phase delayed by MK‐801 through the melatonin MT2 receptor‐ Ca2+‐CaMKII‐CREB pathway in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhu Dexiao , Ping Shuo , Li Chuangang , Pang Kunkun , Zhu Shaowei , Zhang Jing , Comai Stefano , Sun Jinhao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMelatonin (MLT) is widely used to treat sleep disorders although the underlying mechanism is still elusive. In mice, using wheel‐running detection, we found that exogenous MLT could completely recover the period length prolonged by N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) impairment due to the injection of the NMDAR antagonist MK‐801, a preclinical model of psychosis. The analysis of the possible underlying mechanisms indicated that MLT could regulate the homeostatic state in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) instead of the circadian process in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In addition, our data showed that MK‐801 decreased Ca2+‐related CaMKII expression and CREB phosphorylation levels in the VLPO, and MLT could rescue these intracellular impairments but not NMDAR expression levels. Accordingly, Gcamp6 AAV virus was injected in‐vivo to further monitor intracellular Ca2+ levels in the VLPO, and MLT demonstrated a unique ability to increase Ca2+ fluorescence compared with MK‐801‐injected mice. Additionally, using the selective melatonin MT2 receptor antagonist 4‐phenyl‐2‐propionamidotetralin (4P‐PDOT), we discovered that the pharmacological effects of MLT upon NMDAR impairments were mediated by melatonin MT2 receptors. Using electroencephalography/electromyography (EEG/EMG) recordings, we observed that the latency to the first nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep episode was delayed by MK‐801, and MLT was able to recover this delay. In conclusion, exogenous MLT by acting upon melatonin MT2 receptors rescues sleep phase delayed by NMDAR impairment via increasing intracellular Ca2+ signaling in the VLPO, suggesting a regulatory role of the neurohormone on the homeostatic system.
Foreignness or Processing Fluency? On Understanding the Negative Bias Toward Foreign‐Accented Speakers
Authors: Foucart Alice , Costa Albert , Morís‐Fernández Luis , Hartsuiker Robert J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe extent to which negative bias toward foreign‐accented speakers originates from social categorization (in‐group/out‐group categorization) and/or from processing fluency (ease in processing information) is not clear. Some have argued that accent first induces a social identity effect and that processing fluency later modifies the impact of this effect. Using event‐related potentials (ERPs), this registered report tested this hypothesis, looking at the effect of social categorization and processing fluency on sentence processing. Truth evaluation and the ERP data (N400) did not show significant differences across native and foreign speakers. Debriefing scores on social variables (e.g., status) were lower for foreign speakers, and an exploratory analysis revealed a larger P200 (related to acoustic features) for the native than for the foreign speakers. Hence, foreign speakers were not necessarily perceived as less credible, but accent negatively affected the evaluation of speakers on social variables.
Expert imitation in P2P markets
Authors: Gao Ge , Caglayan Mustafa , Li Yuelei , Talavera Oleksandr 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates expert bidding imitation in peer‐to‐peer lending platforms. We employ data from Renrendai.com, which contains information of about 170,000 investors who placed almost four million bids on 111,234 loan listings from 2010 to 2018. The experts are defined as investors who either have more central roles or who spend more time or money on the network. We find that an average investor mimics the bids of expert lenders. Inactive lenders learn top investors’ lending behaviour through observational learning and then, follow their actions, although they do not know the experts’ identity. Finally, we show that experts rarely imitate other experts, yet they exhibit herding behaviour.
Variation in recombination rate affects detection of outliers in genome scans under neutrality
Authors: Booker Tom R. , Yeaman Sam , Whitlock Michael C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenome scans can potentially identify genetic loci involved in evolutionary processes such as local adaptation and gene flow. Here, we show that recombination rate variation across a neutrally evolving genome gives rise to mixed sampling distributions of mean FST (), a common population genetic summary statistic. In particular, we show that in regions of low recombination the distribution of estimates has more variance and a longer tail than in more highly recombining regions. Determining outliers from the genome‐wide distribution without taking local recombination rate into consideration may therefore increase the frequency of false positives in low recombination regions and be overly conservative in more highly recombining ones. We perform genome scans on simulated and empirical Drosophila melanogaster data sets and, in both cases, find patterns consistent with this neutral model. Similar patterns are observed for other summary statistics used to capture variation in the coalescent process. Linked selection, particularly background selection, is often invoked to explain heterogeneity in across the genome, but here we point out that even under neutrality, statistical artefacts can arise due to variation in recombination rate. Our results highlight a flaw in the design of genome‐scan studies and suggest that without estimates of local recombination rate, interpreting the genomic landscape of any summary statistic that captures variation in the coalescent process will be very difficult.
Impact of cardiovascular events on mortality and progression of renal dysfunction in a Queensland CKD cohort
Authors: Jeyaruban Andrew , Hoy Wendy , Cameron Anne , Healy Helen , Wang Zaimin , Zhang Jianzhen , Mallett Andrew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimCardiovascular events (CVE) are common co‐morbidities amongst patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The impact of CVE on the subsequent pattern and rate of deterioration of kidney function is not well described.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 1123 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital patients enrolled in the CKD.QLD registry from May 2011 to August 2017 was undertaken. Participants CVE data and renal function (eGFR CKD‐EPI) were extracted from clinical records. Participants who ultimately started kidney replacement therapy (KRT) were imputed an eGFR of 8 mL/min/1.73 m2 at the date of the first KRT treatment. Annualized percentage delta eGFR was used to explore the association between CVE and rate of renal deterioration. Mortality was ascertained through electronic health records.ResultsThere were 235 CVE events amongst 222 participants over a period of 6 years. One hundred and forty‐four participants experienced ischaemic heart disease (IHD), 51 participants had stroke, 40 participants had peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and 13 participants had more than one event. CVE were associated with significantly shorter time to death in participants who experienced one CVE compared with those without a CVE (1901.2 days vs 2259 days [P < .05]). However, there was no significant change in the absolute mean delta eGFR between participants with CVE and without CVE after adjustment for age (3.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs 3.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 [P = .9]). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the progression to KRT in participants with CVE compared with participants without CVE (1315 days and 1052 days (P = .46).ConclusionCardiovascular events are associated with increased mortality in the CKD cohort. They were not associated with accelerated deterioration of kidney function.
Human milk oligosaccharide supplementation in irritable bowel syndrome patients: A parallel, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Iribarren Cristina , Törnblom Hans , Aziz Imran , Magnusson Maria K. , Sundin Johanna , Vigsnæs Louise K. , Amundsen Ingvild Dybdrodt , McConnell Bruce , Seitzberg Dorthe , Öhman Lena , Simrén Magnus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesHuman milk oligosaccharides safely and beneficially impact bifidobacteria abundance in healthy adults, while their effects in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are unknown. Hence, we aimed to determine the dose of 4:1 mix of 2’‐O‐fucosyllactose and Lacto‐N‐neotetraose (2’FL/LNnT) that increases fecal bifidobacteria abundance without aggravating overall gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients in a randomized, double‐blind, controlled study. Additionally, the impact of 2’FL/LNnT on the fecal bacterial profile was assessed.MethodsIrritable bowel syndrome patients diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria received placebo (glucose), or 5 g or 10 g 2’FL/LNnT for 4 weeks followed by a four‐week follow‐up period. Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale‐IBS was used to assess gastrointestinal symptom severity; fecal microbiota composition was evaluated by GA‐map™ Dysbiosis Test.ResultsOf the included 60 patients, two (one placebo and one 10 g) discontinued prematurely. Fecal bifidobacteria abundance was increased at week 4, but not at week 8, in the 10 g group compared to the other groups. Severity of overall or individual gastrointestinal symptoms did not differ between the groups at week 4 or 8, and no symptom deterioration was seen in any of the groups. The 10 g dose influenced overall fecal microbiota composition, and responders—defined as bifidobacteria increase ≥50%—could be discriminated from non‐responders based on fecal microbiota modulation.ConclusionsThe 10 g dose of 2’FL/LNnT induced an increase in the beneficial Bifidobacterium spp. without aggravating gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with IBS. This approach may be worthwhile to modulate gut microbiota of IBS patients toward a healthier profile.
Seed mucilage evolution: Diverse molecular mechanisms generate versatile ecological functions for particular environments
Authors: Viudes Sébastien , Burlat Vincent , Dunand Christophe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlant myxodiasporous species have the ability to release a polysaccharidic mucilage upon imbibition of the seed (myxospermy) or the fruit (myxocarpy). This is a widespread capacity in angiosperms providing multiple ecological functions including higher germination efficiency under environmental stresses. It is unclear whether myxodiaspory has one or multiple evolutionary origins and why it was supposedly lost in several species. Here, we summarize recent advances on three main aspects of myxodiaspory. (a) It represents a combination of highly diverse traits at different levels of observation, ranging from the dual tissular origin of mucilage secretory cells to diverse mucilage polysaccharidic composition and ultrastructural organization. (b) An asymmetrical selection pressure is exerted on myxospermy‐related genes that were first identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. The A. thaliana and the flax intra‐species mucilage variants show that myxospermy is a fast‐evolving trait due to high polymorphism in a few genes directly acting on mucilage establishment. In A. thaliana, these actors are downstream of a master regulatory complex and an original phylogenetic overview provided here illustrates that this complex has sequentially evolved after the common ancestor of seed plants and was fully established in the common ancestor of the rosid clade. (c) Newly identified myxodiaspory ecological functions indicate new perspectives such as soil microorganism control and plant establishment support.
Machine‐learning approach to predict on‐road driving ability in healthy older people
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuharu , Hirano Jinichi , Yoshitake Hiroshi , Negishi Kazuno , Mimura Masaru , Shino Motoki , Yamagata Bun 
Published: June 2020

AimIn Japan, fatal traffic accidents due to older drivers are on the rise. Considering that approximately half the older drivers who have caused fatal accidents are cognitively normal healthy people, it has been required to detect older drivers who are cognitively normal but at high risk of having fatal traffic accidents. However, a standardized method for assessing the driving ability of older drivers has not yet been established. We thus aimed to identify a new sensing method for the evaluation of the on‐road driving ability of healthy older people on the basis of vehicle behaviors.MethodsWe enrolled 33 healthy older individuals aged over 65 years and utilized a machine‐learning approach to dissociate unsafe drivers from safe drivers based on cognitive assessments and a functional visual acuity test.ResultsThe linear support vector machine classifier successfully dissociated unsafe drivers from safe drivers with accuracy of 84.8% (sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 95.2%). Five clinical parameters, namely age, the first trial of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test immediate recall, the delayed recall of the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, the result of the free‐drawn Clock Drawing Test, and maximal visual acuity, were consistently selected as essential features for the best classification model.ConclusionOur findings improve our understanding of clinical risk factors leading to unsafe driving and may provide insight into a new intervention that prevents fatal traffic accidents caused by healthy older people.