bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Ebola convalescent plasma donor immune response and psoralen treated plasma in the United States
Authors: Dean Christina L. , Hooper Jay W. , Dye John M. , Zak Samantha E. , Koepsell Scott A. , Corash Laurence , Benjamin Richard J. , Kwilas Steve , Bonds Shannon , Winkler Anne M. , Kraft Colleen S. 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUNDIn 2014, passive immunization by transfusion of Ebola convalescent plasma (ECP) was considered for treating patients with acute Ebola virus disease (EVD). Early Ebola virus (EBOV) seroconversion confers a survival advantage in natural infection, hence transfusion of ECP plasma with high levels of neutralizing EBOV antibodies is a potential passive immune therapy. Techniques to reduce the risk of other transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs) are warranted as recent ECP survivors are ineligible as routine blood donors. As part of an ongoing clinical trial to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ECP, the impact of amotosalen/UVA pathogen reduction technology (PRT) on EBOV antibody characteristics was examined.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSerum and plasma samples were collected from EVD‐recovered subjects at multiple timepoints and evaluated by ELISA for antibodies to recombinant EBOV glycoprotein (GP) and irradiated whole EBOV antigen, as well as for EBOV microneutralization, classic plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and EBOV pseudovirion neutralization assay (PsVNA) activity.RESULTSSix subjects donated 40 individual ECP units. Substantial antibody titers and neutralizing activity results were demonstrated but were generally lower for the ACD plasma samples compared to the serum samples. Anti‐EBOV titers by all assays remained essentially unchanged after PRT.CONCLUSIONTreatment of ECP with PRT to reduce the risk of TTI did not significantly reduce EBOV IgG antibody titers or neutralizing activity. Although ECP was used in the treatment of repatriated patients, no PRT units from this study were transfused to EVD patients. This inventory of PRT‐treated ECP is currently available for future clinical evaluation.
Efficacy of a single session in‐series hemoperfusion and hemodialysis in the management of carprofen overdose in two dogs
Authors: Fick Meghan E. , Messenger Kristen M. , Vigani Alessio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the efficacy of in‐series hemoperfusion and hemodialysis in 2 dogs with carprofen overdose.Case SummaryThis report describes the treatment of 2 dogs following accidental carprofen overdoses who underwent a single in‐series hemoperfusion and hemodialysis session. Serial serum carprofen concentrations were measured before, during, and after the session. The first patient's session lasted 5 hours, with the largest decrease in serum carprofen concentrations occurring during the first hour of treatment. The carprofen clearance during the following 4 hours of treatment decreased substantially compared to the first hour and was not different from the patient's intrinsic clearance of carprofen after the session was completed. Based on the findings from the first case, the second patient was treated with a 1 hour single hemoperfusion and hemodialysis session. Our results support the hypothesis that carprofen is not effectively removed by conventional hemodialysis and the efficacy of hemoperfusion is short lived due to rapid saturation of the charcoal filter. Once filter saturation occurs, the extracorporeal session is no longer efficacious. Using in‐series hemoperfusion and hemodialysis is of benefit to correct the side effects seen with hemoperfusion alone, and hourly charcoal filter replacement may extend the efficacy of treatment in removing carprofen.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first published report of in‐series hemoperfusion and hemodialysis being used to treat carprofen overdose in a dog. In these 2 cases, the intrinsic clearances of the patients were shown to be equivalent to that of standard hemodialysis alone, indicating that hemodialysis does not produce any advantage in carprofen clearance. In this limited report, we suggest that the efficacy of hemoperfusion in removing carprofen is short‐lived, and extending the treatment beyond the first hour does not produce any therapeutic benefit. In order to extend the efficacy of hemoperfusion, hourly replacement of the charcoal filter should be considered.
Removal of lower urinary tract stones by percutaneous cystolithotomy: 68 cases (2012–2017)
Authors: Cruciani Benoît , Vachon Catherine , Dunn Marilyn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use and outcome of percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCL) for removal of urethral and bladder stones in dogs and cats.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsSixty‐eight client‐owned dogs and cats.MethodsRecords were reviewed and analyzed for dogs and cats that underwent PCCL between January 2012 and December 2017. Signalment, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging data, procedure time, use of lithotripsy, biopsy, perioperative and immediate postoperative complications, hospitalization times, stone composition, and urine culture results were recorded. Owners were contacted by phone or email 3 weeks after the procedure. Follow‐up communications with the owner and referring veterinarian were also recorded.ResultsSeventy percutaneous cystolithotomies were performed in 59 dogs and nine cats. The median duration of the procedure was 95 minutes (45‐420), and lithotripsy was required in 3% (2/70) of PCCL. Complications during the procedure were reported in one case. In eighty‐three percent of procedures (58/70), animals were discharged within 24 hours postoperative. Twenty‐four percent (16/68) of animals had minor complications (lower urinary tract signs), and one dog had a major complication (surgical wound dehiscence) during the 3 weeks after the operation. Long‐term follow‐up revealed stone recurrence in 21% of cases followed more than a year after the procedure (7/33).ConclusionPercutaneous cystolithotomy allowed removal of bladder and urethral stones with rapid postoperative recovery and few major perioperative or short‐term postoperative complications.Clinical significancePercutaneous cystolithotomy provides an attractive minimally invasive surgical alternative for removal of lower urinary tract stones in small animals.
Effect of Manufacturing Process on Lined Pipe Bending Response1
Authors: Gavriilidis Ilias , Karamanos Spyros A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The effects of manufacturing process on mechanically lined pipe structural performance are investigated. Alternative manufacturing processes are considered, associated with either purely hydraulic or thermo-hydraulic expansion. The problem is solved numerically, accounting for geometric nonlinearities, local buckling phenomena, inelastic material behavior and contact between the two pipes. A three-dimensional model is developed, which simulates the manufacturing process in the first stage of the analysis and, subsequently, proceeds in the bending analysis of the lined pipe. This integrated two-stage approach constitutes the major contribution of the present research. Thermo-hydraulically expanded lined pipes are examined, with special emphasis on the case of partially heated liners, and reverse plastic loading in the liner pipe wall has been detected during depressurization. Furthermore, the numerical results show that the thermo-mechanical process results in higher mechanical bonding between the two pipes compared with the purely mechanical process and that this bonding is significantly influenced by the level of temperature in the liner pipe. It is also concluded that the value of initial gap between the two pipes before fabrication has a rather small effect on the value of liner buckling curvature. Finally, numerical results on imperfection sensitivity are reported for different manufacturing processes, and the beneficial effect of internal pressure on liner bending response is verified.
Effects of Ball’s Rolling, Gyroscopic, and Spin Slide in a Ball Bearing on Raceway’s Stress and Fatigue Life
Authors: Chen Zhuang , Chen Guanci 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The motions between the ball and raceway in a ball bearing involve rolling, gyroscopic, and spin slide. These complex motions result in the serious distribution of the friction force. Based on the contact mechanics in tribology, the friction force greatly affects stress and fatigue life. Thus, it is necessary to figure out the effects of the motions and its friction force of ball–raceway contact on the fatigue life of a ball bearing. In this paper, first, the equivalent model of ball–raceway contact was studied and established for the convenience of finite element calculation. Second, the contact mechanics considering the friction force with the friction coefficient from 0 to 0.3 was computed. The influences of the motions and its friction forces of ball–raceway contact on the raceway’s stress were analyzed. Third, based on different structure fatigue life algorithms, the raceway’s fatigue life of the cases with the friction coefficient 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.3 were studied. The raceway’s fatigue life based on ISO 281-2007 bearing life theory is studied. Results show that the friction force on the contact surface has some influence on the stress and fatigue life to a certain extent. Especially, the ball’s spin has the greatest influence on the stress distribution and fatigue life of the raceway. Thus, for the cases of heavy load and high friction coefficient, the effect of the friction force of ball–raceway contacts cannot be neglected.
Qualitative Assessment of Contact Behavior in Fretting Wear of Dissimilar Mating Pairs Using Frictional Dissipation Energy Density Approach
Authors: Dhaka Pankaj , Prakash Raghu V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Fretting is a damaging phenomenon, generally observed when a mating pair is subjected to a small amplitude of oscillatory motion. The contact behavior in fretting is governed by a complex interaction between mechanical properties of mating pair, contact geometry, and loading conditions. In most of the practical applications, dissimilar materials are chosen for a contacting pair with one of the materials having superior material properties than other so as to replace the worn-out or unfit component during the maintenance. In the literature, many researchers have studied the effect of dissimilar materials on fretting behavior but mainly in the context of hardness. As experimental methodology has been adopted in these studies, the effect of dissimilar material properties has been reported in terms of global variables like wear volume or fretting fatigue life, but its influence on underlying local contact tractions could not be studied. In the present work, a two-dimensional finite element analysis has been carried out for a cylinder-on-plate configuration. The effect of dissimilar materials for the mating pair has been studied by modeling elastic–plastic behavior for combinations of three different materials, namely, SS 304, ASTM A302-B, and aluminum. The validation of the finite element model is carried out by comparing the results of elastic analysis with the analytical solutions available in the literature. The pertinent contact parameters in the context of fretting wear, namely, contact pressure, contact slip, and contact stresses are extracted. A frictional dissipation energy density-based approach is used for the qualitative comparison of the fretting damage for different cases and validated with the literature data.
Ash Recycling: Partnering for Progress
Authors: Barnes Jan M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
For several US communities municipal waste combustor (MWC) ash recycling has been a commercial reality for almost a decade with over 1 million tons processed and beneficially used to date. Yet, despite the successes to date a recent report by the Integrated Waste Services Association shows less than 5% of the 7.5 million tons of ash generated in the US is recycled and beneficially used [1]. The technological, scientific and myriad of commercial successes categorically demonstrate the feasibility of ash recycling. The next step is for communities, regulatory agencies, transportation departments, and customers to partner with businesses to recycle their ash stream in an economically and environmentally sound manner. An example of this “partnering for progress” is the focus of this paper. The ash recycling partnership described in this paper was presented the Pennsylvania Governor’s Award for Environmental Excellence in 1999. Proving that Partnering is a win-win situation for businesses, communities and the environment.
Preserving and Enhancing Energy Revenues From a Small RRF in a Deregulated Environment
Authors: Bilmes Jonathan S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Restructuring of the electric utility industry has received much attention in the national media as higher electric rates have been experienced this year in major population centers such as San Diego, CA and Westchester County, NY. Further, the lack of adequate electric capacity (and/or the ability to transmit the electricity) has continued to plague major metropolitan areas such as Detroit, MI and Silicon Valley. What role does waste to energy have in helping solve these problems? This paper will discuss the real life experience of a waste to energy project (Bristol, CT Resource Recovery Facility) in the rapidly changing world of electric deregulation. When Connecticut passed its restructuring legislation in 1998 (Public Act 98-28), no one realized how much effort would have to be spent at the agency level to preserve and protect existing power purchase agreements, especially those with “above market” pricing structures. In a state such as Connecticut where the adopted legislation was considered very favorable to private power producers such as waste to energy, many surprises have occurred during the implementation of the legislation. Understanding how Connecticut’s electric restructuring legislation has been implemented will help those with interests in any waste to energy, landfill gas, biomass or other renewable power source be better prepared to manage similar state and federal legislative initiatives.
Getting More From Selling Your Energy: “An Indianapolis Experience”
Authors: Toombs David J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Indianapolis is well known as the world’s racing capital with the Indy 500, Brickyard 400, and Formula One events. It is also called the Cross-Roads of America, due to being centrally located in the United States. It has an estimated population of 890,000 and the Metropolitan Service Area has a total population of 1,500,000.
Direct non-medical and indirect costs of diabetes and its associated complications in Vietnam: an estimation using national health insurance claims from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kieu Thi Tuyet Mai , Trinh Hong Nhung , Pham Huy Tuan Kiet , Nguyen Thanh Binh , Ng Junice Yi Siu 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe prevalence of diabetes in Vietnam has increased from 2.5% in 2007 to 5.5% in 2017, but the burden of direct non-medical and indirect costs is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the direct non-medical costs and indirect costs due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications among Vietnam Health Insurance System (VHIS) enrollees in Vietnam.DesignThe first phase was a cross-sectional survey of patients with T2DM. In the second phase, data from the previous phase were used to predict direct non-medical costs and presenteeism costs of VHIS enrollees diagnosed with T2DM based on demographic and clinical characteristics in 2017. The human-capital approach was used for the calculation of indirect costs.Setting and participantsThis study recruited 315 patients from a national hospital, a provincial hospital and a district hospital aged 18 or above, diagnosed with T2DM, enrolled in VHIS, and having at least one visit to hospitals between 1 June and 30 July 2018. The VHIS dataset contained 1,395,204 patients with T2DM.Outcome measuresThe direct non-medical costs and presenteeism were collected from the survey. Absenteeism costs were estimated from the VHIS database. Costs of premature mortality were calculated based on the estimates from secondary sources.ResultsThe total direct non-medical and indirect costs were US$239 million in 2017. Direct non-medical costs were US$78 million, whereas indirect costs were US$161 million. Costs of absenteeism, presenteeism and premature mortality corresponded to 17%, 73% and 10% of the indirect costs. Patients incurred annual mean direct non-medical costs of US$56. Annual mean absenteeism and presenteeism costs for patients in working age were US$61 and US$267, respectively.ConclusionsThe impact of T2DM on direct non-medical and indirect costs on diabetes is substantial. Direct non-medical and absenteeism costs were higher in patients with complications.
Anticipated impacts of Brexit scenarios on UK food prices and implications for policies on poverty and health: a structured expert judgement approach
Authors: Barons Martine Jayne , Aspinall Willy 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionFood insecurity is associated with increased risk for several health conditions and with poor chronic disease management. Key determinants for household food insecurity are income and food costs. Whereas short-term household incomes are likely to remain static, increased food prices would be a significant driver of food insecurity.ObjectivesTo investigate food price drivers for household food security and its health consequences in the UK under scenarios of Deal and No-deal for Britain’s exit from the European Union. To estimate the 5% and 95% quantiles of the projected price distributions.DesignStructured expert judgement elicitation, a well-established method for quantifying uncertainty, using experts. In July 2018, each expert estimated the median, 5% and 95% quantiles of changes in price for 10 food categories under Brexit Deal and No-deal to June 2020 assuming Brexit had taken place on 29 March 2019. These were aggregated based on the accuracy and informativeness of the experts on calibration questions.ParticipantsTen specialists with expertise in food procurement, retail, agriculture, economics, statistics and household food security.ResultsWhen combined in proportions used to calculate Consumer Price Index food basket costs, median food price change for Brexit with a Deal is expected to be +6.1% (90% credible interval −3% to +17%) and with No-deal +22.5% (90% credible interval +1% to +52%).ConclusionsThe number of households experiencing food insecurity and its severity is likely to increase because of expected sizeable increases in median food prices after Brexit. Higher increases are more likely than lower rises and towards the upper limits, these would entail severe impacts. Research showing a low food budget leads to increasingly poor diet suggests that demand for health services in both the short and longer terms is likely to increase due to the effects of food insecurity on the incidence and management of diet-sensitive conditions.
How valid are projections of the future prevalence of diabetes? Rapid reviews of prevalence-based and Markov chain models and comparisons of different models’ projections for England
Authors: Bevan Gwyn , De Poli Chiara , Keng Mi Jun , Raine Rosalind 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo examine validity of prevalence-based models giving projections of prevalence of diabetes in adults, in England and the UK, and of Markov chain models giving estimates of economic impacts of interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsRapid reviews of both types of models. Estimation of the future prevalence of T2D in England by Markov chain models; and from the trend in the prevalence of diabetes, as reported in the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), estimated by ordinary least squares regression analysis.SettingAdult population in England and UK.Main outcome measurePrevalence of T2D in England and UK in 2025.ResultsThe prevalence-based models reviewed use sample estimates of past prevalence rates by age and sex and projected population changes. Three most recent models, including that of Public Health England (PHE), neither take account of increases in obesity, nor report Confidence Intervals (CIs). The Markov chain models reviewed use transition probabilities between states of risk and death, estimated from various sources. None of their accounts give the full matrix of transition probabilities, and only a minority report tests of validation. Their primary focus is on estimating the ratio of costs to benefits of preventive interventions in those with hyperglycaemia, only one reported estimates of those developing T2D in the absence of a preventive intervention in the general population.Projections of the prevalence of T2D in England in 2025 were (in millions) by PHE, 3.95; from the QOF trend, 4.91 and by two Markov chain models, based on our review, 5.64 and 9.07.ConclusionsTo inform national policies on preventing T2D, governments need validated models, designed to use available data, which estimate the scale of incidence of T2D and survival in the general population, with and without preventive interventions.
Effect of fingolimod on MRI outcomes in patients with paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: results from the phase 3 PARADIGMSstudy
Authors: Arnold Douglas L , Banwell Brenda , Bar-Or Amit , Ghezzi Angelo , Greenberg Benjamin M , Waubant Emmanuelle , Giovannoni Gavin , Wolinsky Jerry S , Gärtner Jutta , Rostásy Kevin , Krupp Lauren , Tardieu Marc , Brück Wolfgang , Stites Tracy E , Pearce Gregory L , Häring Dieter A , Merschhemke Martin , Chitnis Tanuja 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivePARADIGMSdemonstrated superior efficacy and comparable safety of fingolimod versus interferon β-1a (IFN β-1a) in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (PoMS). This study aimed to report all predefined MRI outcomes from this study.MethodsPatients with multiple sclerosis (MS) (aged 10–<18 years) were randomised to once-daily oral fingolimod (n=107) or once-weekly intramuscular IFN β-1a (n=108) in this flexible duration study. MRI was performed at baseline and every 6 months for up to 2 years or end of the study (EOS) in case of early treatment discontinuation/completion. Key MRI endpoints included the annualised rate of formation of new/newly enlarging T2 lesions, gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) T1 lesions, new T1 hypointense lesions and combined unique active (CUA) lesions (6 months onward), changes in T2 and Gd+ T1 lesion volumes and annualised rate of brain atrophy (ARBA).ResultsOf the randomised patients, 107 each were treated with fingolimod and IFN β-1a for up to 2 years. Fingolimod reduced the annualised rate of formation of new/newly enlarging T2 lesions (52.6%, p<0.001), number of Gd+ T1 lesions per scan (66.0%, p<0.001), annualised rate of new T1 hypointense lesions (62.8%, p<0.001) and CUA lesions per scan (60.7%, p<0.001) versus IFN β-1a at EOS. The percent increases from baseline in T2 (18.4% vs 32.4%, p<0.001) and Gd+ T1 (–72.3% vs 4.9%, p=0.001) lesion volumes and ARBA (–0.48% vs −0.80%, p=0.014) were lower with fingolimod versus IFN β-1a, the latter partially due to accelerated atrophy in the IFN β-1a group.ConclusionFingolimod significantly reduced MRI activity and ARBA for up to 2 years versus IFN β-1a in PoMS.
Rephasing invariance and permutation symmetry in flavor physics
Authors: Kuo T. K. , Chiu S. H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith some modifications, the arguments for rephasing invariance can be used to establish permutation symmetry for the standard model. The laws of evolution of physical variables, which transform as tensors under permutation, are found to obey the symmetry, explicitly. We also propose to use a set of four mixing parameters, with unique properties, which may serve to characterize flavor mixing.