bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of the young person’s experience of Graves’ disease and its management
Authors: Lane Laura Claire , Rankin Judith , Cheetham Tim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveA suboptimal quality of life (QoL) has been reported in patients with Graves’ disease treated in adult life, but long‐term QoL in those treated in childhood and adolescence is unclear. We wanted to understand how Graves’ disease and its management impact on the physical, psychological and social well‐being of young people and their longer‐term QoL.Design, patients and measurementsTwo questionnaires were used to assess QoL and patient experience of Graves’ disease; PedsQL™ Generic Core Scales and a Graves’ disease questionnaire devised for this project. The anonymized questionnaires were sent to young people (<30 years) diagnosed with Graves’ disease in childhood and adolescence and managed at a tertiary paediatric endocrine unit in the North of England. Respondent QoL scores were compared with a healthy UK cohort.ResultsQuestionnaires were sent to 51 young people, and 26 responded (51%). Graves’ patients reported a lower total QoL score compared with the healthy cohort (p = .003). This was particularly apparent in the psychosocial domain (p = .0016). No patient regretted having definitive treatment (surgery/radioiodine), and all said they would recommend it to others. Half of those who had received definitive treatment still did not feel recovered. There was no difference in the long‐term QoL in those who did/did not receive definitive treatment (p = .40).ConclusionsThis study highlights short‐ and long‐term impacts on the QoL and general well‐being of young people with Graves’ disease. There were no regrets regarding the choice of definitive treatment. This information will help inform the counselling of patients and their families.
Children in dual‐residence arrangements: Exploring discourses of fairness and children's best interest in Norway
Authors: Kitterød Ragni Hege , Lidén Hilde 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn many countries, dual residence is increasingly common for children when parents separate. This works well for many children, but opinions differ on whether or not it should be the norm. In analysing interviews with 35 nine‐ to 19‐year‐olds with dual‐residence experience in Norway, undertaken in 2018, we find clear traces of prevailing discourses in society. Claims of equality and fairness and claims of children's rights both emerge, the latter being particularly visible in the participants' recommendations to other children. Children value spending much time with both parents, but may still want more flexibility than their parents realise.
Impact of sex hormones dysregulation and adiposity on the outcome of postmenopausal breast cancer patients
Authors: Coradini Danila , Oriana Saro 
Published: November 2020

SummaryEpidemiological studies demonstrated that, in postmenopausal women, high circulating levels of testosterone, especially when associated with weight gain, positively correlated with an increased risk of breast cancer because of the augmented production of oestrogen via testosterone aromatization in the adipose tissue. Besides, growing evidence suggests that sulfatase can increase the tissue concentration of bioactive estradiol through the reconversion of estrone sulfate, thus providing a favourable milieu for epithelial cells expressing the oestrogen receptor. In this review, we will discuss how the “obesity‐insulin‐testosterone” connection and the abnormal production of bioactive oestrogen ‐ as a result of the conversion of the androgens by aromatase and the estrone reconversion by sulfatase−, may affect the response to hormone therapy and the outcome of postmenopausal breast cancer patients, and how a combined therapy including metformin, anti‐inflammatory drugs, and aromatase/sulfatase inhibitors could successfully improve patient's outcome.
Assessment of arrhythmias and cardiac autonomic tone at a relatively young age patients with obesity class III
Authors: Bienias Piotr , Rymarczyk Zuzanna , Domienik‐Karłowicz Justyna , Lisik Wojciech , Sobieraj Piotr , Pruszczyk Piotr , Ciurzyński Michał 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThere is no sufficient data on arrhythmias occurrence in obesity class III. The influence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance on arrhythmias and cardiac autonomic tone is also of ongoing interest in these subjects. We prospectively studied 81 selected patients with body mass index >40 kg/m2, aged 34 (18‐65) years. Among other examinations all subjects underwent electrocardiography and Holter monitoring with heart rate variability (HRV) and turbulence (HRT) evaluation. Controls consisted of 45 healthy, sex‐ and aged‐matched lean volunteers. In patients median BMI was 44.5 kg/m2 (40.1‐58.1), benign arterial hypertension was present in 43.2% and dysglycemia in 27.2% of cases. In the group with obesity longer PR interval (P < .001) and corrected QT interval (P < .001) were observed, while in Holter monitoring no significant differences in supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias and also bradyarrhythmias prevalence were observed in comparison to controls. In individuals with obesity HRV indices associated with sympathetic tone were significantly impaired and also abnormal HRT values (21.9 vs 0%, P = .04) were more frequently observed. There were no significant correlations between anthropometric obesity parameters and fasting insulin concentration, insulin resistance index and also HRV/HRT parameters in studied individuals. Univariate regression analysis revealed that only age influenced abnormal HRT occurrence (OR 1.69, 95%CI 1.08‐2.98, P = .04). In conclusions, patients with obesity class III at a relatively young age who reported they felt healthy, do not present increased prevalence of arrhythmias, including life‐threatening ones. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is observed in these patients, however it has not been shown to be associated with anthropometric measurements.
Inhibition of deubiquitination by PR‐619 induces apoptosis and autophagy via ubi‐protein aggregation‐activated ER stress in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Longhao , Li Miaomiao , Sha Beibei , Hu Xuanyu , Sun Yaxin , Zhu Mingda , Xu Yan , Li Pingping , Wang Yating , Guo Yanyan , Li Jiangfeng , Shi Jianxiang , Li Pei , Hu Tao , Chen Ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTargeting the deubiquitinases (DUBs) has become a promising avenue for anti‐cancer drug development. However, the effect and mechanism of pan‐DUB inhibitor, PR‐619, on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells remain to be investigated.Materials and MethodsThe effect of PR‐619 on ESCC cell growth and cell cycle was evaluated by CCK‐8 and PI staining. Annexin V‐FITC/PI double staining was performed to detect apoptosis. LC3 immunofluorescence and acridine orange staining were applied to examine autophagy. Intercellular Ca2+ concentration was monitored by Fluo‐3AM fluorescence. The accumulation of ubi‐proteins and the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐related protein and CaMKKβ‐AMPK signalling were determined by immunoblotting.ResultsPR‐619 could inhibit ESCC cell growth and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest by downregulating cyclin B1 and upregulating p21. Meanwhile, PR‐619 led to the accumulation of ubiquitylated proteins, induced ER stress and triggered apoptosis by the ATF4‐Noxa axis. Moreover, the ER stress increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ and then stimulated autophagy through Ca2+‐CaMKKβ‐AMPK signalling pathway. Ubiquitin E1 inhibitor, PYR‐41, could reduce the accumulation of ubi‐proteins and alleviate ER stress, G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in PR‐619‐treated ESCC cells. Furthermore, blocking autophagy by chloroquine or bafilomycin A1 enhanced the cell growth inhibition effect and apoptosis induced by PR‐619.ConclusionsOur findings reveal an unrecognized mechanism for the cytotoxic effects of general DUBs inhibitor (PR‐619) and imply that targeting DUBs may be a potential anti‐ESCC strategy.
Expanding donor pool by utilizing deceased donors with snake envenoming
Authors: Meshram Hari Shankar , Kute Vivek , Patel Himanshu , Chauhan Sanshriti , Desai Sudeep 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn India, the deceased kidney transplant program is still in its preliminary stage, and accepting deceased donors with snakebite is just a forward step to expand the donor pool. We report here the outcome of 8 successful renal transplantations from brain‐dead donors who died from a neurotoxic snakebite. We accepted them as donors as they had no evidence of hemotoxic snakebite. 7 recipients did well. 1 died due to sepsis with a functioning graft. 1 required renal biopsy that showed acute tubular necrosis. 1 required re‐exploration due to graft collection due to a surgical issue. Patient and graft survival in follow‐up were similar to other matched deceased donors in our center. According to our experience, utilizing brain‐dead donors who died from a neurotoxic snakebite is safe and may dramatically expand the donor pool especially in countries where death due to snakebite is high in numbers.
Histopathologic findings of idiopathic trachyonychia: An analysis of 30 adult patients
Authors: Hur Keunyoung , Han Byeol , Lim Sophie Soyeon , Mun Je‐Ho 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrachyonychia, a rare inflammatory disease of the nail matrix, has a more chronic course in adults compared with that in children. However, the histopathologic features of the disease have not been sufficiently reported in the literature.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the pathologic features of idiopathic trachyonychia in adult cases at our center.ResultsA total of 30 cases were included. The median age was 55.5 years (range, 27‐77 years). Median disease duration was 84 months (range, 8‐384 months). Histopathologic analysis showed upper dermal lymphocytic infiltrates (93.3%), acanthosis (86.7%), exocytosis (63.3%), spongiosis (63.3%), parakeratosis (46.7%), psoriasiform hyperplasia (40%), eosinophilic infiltrates (33.3%), vacuolar degeneration (33.3%), lichenoid pattern (13.3%), Civatte body (6.7%), and collection of neutrophils in the stratum corneum (3.3%). Statistical analysis among pathologic parameters revealed associations of spongiosis with exocytosis (P < 0.001) and lichenoid infiltration with vacuolar degeneration (P = 0.008). Three patients (10%) showed fungal co‐infection.ConclusionThe majority of cases revealed inflammatory cell infiltration with epidermal changes. Given the inflammation and chronic course of idiopathic trachyonychia in adulthood, active treatment with anti‐inflammatory agents should be considered. Additionally, mycological tests should be considered during initial evaluation as there are cases with fungal coinfection.
Socioeconomic deprivation, technology use, C‐peptide, smoking and other predictors of glycaemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Dover Anna R. , Strachan Mark W. J. , McKnight John A. , Stimson Roland H. , Mackenzie Scott D. , Lyall Marcus J. , Wright Rohana J. , Forbes Shareen , Gibb Fraser W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsIntensive glycaemic control is associated with substantial health benefits in people with type 1 diabetes. We sought to examine clinical and demographic factors associated with meeting glycaemic targets in type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of 4594 individuals with type 1 diabetes. The primary outcome of the study was assessing factors associated with meeting HbA1c targets. Secondary endpoints included factors associated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) use and persistent C‐peptide secretion.ResultsSocioeconomic deprivation was strongly associated with a lower likelihood of achieving an HbA1c <58 mmol/mol (7.5%) (20% in the most deprived quintile vs. 40% in the least deprived, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, absence of smoking history (OR 3.06, p < 0.001), flash monitoring (OR 1.49, p < 0.001), CSII (1.43, p = 0.022) and longer diabetes duration (OR 1.02 per year, p = 0.004) were independently associated with achieving HbA1c <58 mmol/mol (7.5%), whereas increasing age (OR 0.99 per year, p = 0.004) and C‐peptide <50 pM (OR 0.58, p < 0.001) were associated with a lower likelihood of meeting this target. Low C‐peptide (<50 pM) was less likely in men (OR 0.55, p < 0.001) and never smokers (0.44, p < 0.001) in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsLower levels of deprivation, non‐smoking, higher C‐peptide, technology use, lower BMI and male gender were all associated with a higher likelihood of meeting HbA1c targets. Access to proven diabetes treatments is lower in the most deprived individuals. Urgent efforts are required to provide treatments which are effective across the socioeconomic gradient.
Prognostic value of cystatin C in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Ying , Lu Qing , Cheng Biao , Tao Xuefei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCirculating cystatin C has been considered as an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality in the general population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of baseline circulating cystatin C levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) through meta‐analysis.MethodsProspective studies about the relationship between the level of cystatin C and the prognosis of ACS patients were searched on PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane Library and Embase databases from the establishment of the databases to July 2020. The prognostic values included in this analysis covered all‐cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and recurrent myocardial infarction. The effect index between cystatin C level and ACS risk was carried out by hazard ratio (HR). Stata 15.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The quality of the included literature was evaluated according to Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS).ResultsA total of 10 studies were included in this meta‐analysis. The results showed that high cystatin C levels significantly predicted the all‐cause mortality of ACS, HR = 2.53 (95%CI: 1.72 ~ 3.72). High cystatin C level significantly predicted MACE of patients with ACS, HR = 3.24 (95%CI: 1.30 ~ 8.07). However, it had no significant predictive significance for recurrent myocardial infarction, HR = 1.71 (95%CI:0.99 ~ 2.97).ConclusionOur meta‐analysis showed that high cystatin C levels were significantly associated with the death risk and MACE in ACS patients. Therefore, cystatin C can be included in the risk stratification model to guide the treatment of high‐risk ACS patients.
War, inequality, and taxation
Authors: Dorr Dalton C. , Shin Adrian J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExisting studies highlight the importance of the compensatory demand among the conscripted poor to explain why wars lead to income and inheritance tax hikes for the rich. We propose a more nuanced argument that war mobilization leads to a class conflict in which the poor want the rich to pay more taxes in exchange for conscription while the rich seek lower taxes because they expect war‐related losses of their wealth. Mass warfare imposes higher tax burdens on the rich only when elites lack economic resources to prevent such policies. Using a panel analysis of up to 18 countries from the late nineteenth century to the 2010s as well as a subnational analysis of Senate roll call votes on tax bills introduced between 1913 and 2008, we corroborate our argument that elites' share of national income conditions how war mobilization shapes the trajectories of tax regimes.
The association between traumatic dental and brain injuries in American children
Authors: Azadani Ehsan N. , Townsend Janice , Peng Jin , Wheeler Krista , Xiang Henry 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground/AimIt is crucial that dentists who treat traumatic dental injuries rule out concomitant brain injuries. Despite anatomic proximity, controversy exists regarding association between facial trauma and head injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dento‐alveolar trauma (DAT) and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) using a national dataset of emergency department (ED) visits.Material and MethodsNationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) data, one of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) datasets, were analyzed. Encounters of patients age 0‐18 years with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes associated with DAT and TBI in the 2010‐2014 NEDS were identified. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi‐square test, and logistic regression models to investigate the association between DAT and TBI and factors associated with TBI in DAT‐positive patients.ResultsDuring the study period, 6 281 658 ED visits were associated with traumatic injuries. DAT was recorded in 93 408 (1.5%) and TBI was recorded in 996 334 (15.9%) of these traumatic injury visits. Within the group of DAT‐positive encounters, 7035 (7.5%) had codes associated with TBI. Of trauma encounters where a DAT was not involved (6 188 250 encounters), 989 299 (16%) had an associated TBI code. Patients with DAT had 0.20 odds of having TBI (95% CI, 0.19‐0.20, P < .0001) compared with patients who did not have DAT when all other confounding variables were kept constant. Having multiple injuries, being involved in motor vehicle crashes, and injuries due to assault were associated with higher odds of concomitant TBI in patients who sustained DAT.ConclusionsThere was an inverse association between DAT and TBI in this study population.
Cannibalism and potential predation in larval drosophilids
Authors: Kakeya Yuika , Takahashi Kazuo H. 
Published: October 2020

1. Although yeast encompasses the major food source of Drosophila melanogaster, a recent study demonstrated that D. melanogaster larvae can complete their development on an exclusively cannibalistic diet. If cannibalism is an adaptive behaviour under nutritional stress, not only conspecific larvae but also allospecific larvae could be the target of predation. Under natural conditions, stings of parasitoids can cause a larval injury that attracts cannibalistic larvae, however, the effect of parasitism on larval cannibalism has never been investigated in drosophillids.2. Here, we investigated the cannibalistic and predatory behaviour of four frugivorous Drosophila species (Drosophila simulans, D. melanogaster, Drosophila auraria, Drosophila triauraria) towards the conspecific or allospecific source of attraction (SOA) larvae. We also investigated their attraction to parasitised conspecific SOA larvae.3. The present study demonstrates that the cannibalism observed previously could be potentially extended to predation in D. simulans and D. melanogaster, leading to intra‐guild predation that has not been previously observed. Although D. auraria and D. triauraria were not significantly attracted to conspecific SOA, some level of attraction was suggested for allospecific SOA. In agreement with this, larvae of these species did not complete their development to adulthood when reared on an exclusively cannibalistic diet. The injury inflicted by parasitoid wasps was shown to attract cannibals in some cases.4. The current results indicate that cannibalistic behaviour might not be a general feature in drosophilids. The environmental conditions or selective pressure that drives the evolution of cannibalism within this group should be a target of future studies.
Single stimulus location for two inputs: A combined brain–computer interface based on Steady‐State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP)
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Zhenhao , Han Dan , Zhang Zhijun , Liu Zhifang , Liu Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBrain–computer interfaces (BCI) help severely paralyzed people communicate with the outside world. One type of BCI depends on eye movements and has high information transfer (ITR) but is tiring for users and not applicable to people with eye dyskinesia. Conversely, independent BCIs enable attention shifts across visual stimuli without eye movement, but at the cost of a lower ITR. Steady‐state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is an oscillatory brain response and typically used as BCI signal sources because of high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Considering the effect of attentional modulation on the SSVEP, we proposed the novel concept of one‐to‐two BCI to optimize existing problems, wherein the target and other stimuli shared the same location. Specifically, two spatially overlapping stimuli were displayed in the center‐of‐view field, as in the independent BCI, and participants were required to divide their attention between the right and left visual fields, as in the dependent BCI. Using three different design schemes in two experiments, we aimed to provide a new framework for BCI design by exploring the feasibility of a combined BCI that can realize a single stimulus location for two inputs. The results strongly demonstrated that, even when the targets and distractors overlapped spatially, the former evoked stronger SSVEP responses. Notably, the BCI scheme based on the object‐based attention could achieve a recognition rate as high as 83.2% and an ITR of 12.5 bits per minute. The feasibility of a one‐to‐two BCI design, which simplified the keyboard layout, reduced the attention shift, and relieved user fatigue, was established.
Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease with tau pathology mimicking new‐onset refractory non‐convulsive status epilepticus: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Gonzalez‐Martinez Alicia , Quintas Sonia , Redondo Nuria , Casado‐Fernández Laura , Vivancos José 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim of our study is to review the relationship between NCSE and sCJD. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is the most common form of human prion disease. Electroencephalography (EEG)‐detected changes such as periodic sharp wave complexes, superimposable to those seen in non‐convulsive epileptic status (NCSE), have only rarely been described at CJD onset, especially in sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases.MethodsWe describe clinical, EEG, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neuroimaging findings of a confirmed case of sCJD with tau pathology, initially diagnosed as NCSE. We performed a literature review in PubMed of previous publications on both sCJD and NCSE.ResultsAn 82‐year‐old woman with no medical history presented with a 2‐week rapidly progressive neurological disorder, with motor aphasia, myoclonus, pyramidalism, and left posterior alien hand. EEG showed periodic sharp waves on right frontal regions, so anti‐epileptic treatment was started. CSF results were normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated hyperintensity of the right cerebral cortex in diffusion sequences. Due to suspected new‐onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), corticosteroid treatment was started, without clinical improvement. Necropsy results confirmed sCJD with tau pathology. The literature review identified 14 references including a total of 18 cases with NCSE as the presenting symptom of sCJD; the clinical and results in complementary tests were compiled into a table.ConclusionsSporadic CJD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with rapid cognitive decline and EEG changes consistent with NCSE. The wide heterogeneity in the etiology of NCSE, including autoimmune disorders, especially NORSE, suggests immunotherapy should be initiated based on a good risk–benefit balance. Some cases of sCJD, such as the present case with tau pathology, may mimic this clinico‐electrical course.