bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Energy Density Li‐Ion Capacitor with Layered SnS2/Reduced Graphene Oxide Anode and BCN Nanosheet Cathode
Authors: Hao Yizhan , Wang Shouzhi , Shao Yongliang , Wu Yongzhong , Miao Shiding 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) with capacitor‐type cathodes and battery‐type anodes are considered a promising next‐generation advanced energy storages system that meet the requirements of high energy density and power density. However, the mismatch of charge‐storage capacity and electrode kinetics between positive and negative electrodes remains a challenge. Herein, layered SnS2/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites are developed for negative electrodes and a 2D B/N codoped carbon (BCN) nanosheet is designed for the positive electrode. The SnS2/RGO derived from SnS2‐bonded RGO of high conductivity exhibits a capacity of 1198 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1. Boron and nitrogen atoms in BCN are found to promote adsorption of anions, which enhance the pseudocapacitive contribution as well as expanding the voltage of LICs. A quantitative kinetics analysis indicates that the SnS2/RGO electrodes with a dominating capacitive mechanism and a diminished intercalation process, benefit the kinetic balance between the two electrodes. With this particular structure, the LIC is able to operate at the highest operating voltage for these devices recorded to date (4.5 V), exhibiting an energy density of 149.5 W h kg−1, a power density of 35 kW kg−1, and a capacity retention ratio of 90% after 10 000 cycles.
Emergency Medicine Residents With Higher Levels of Debt Are Less Likely to Choose Academic Jobs, but There Is a Difference by Gender
Authors: Baugh Joshua J. , Lai Steven , Williamson Kelly , Wheaton Natasha 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe sought to answer the following question: Does educational debt burden affect decisions by emergency medicine residents about whether to pursue academic versus community medicine jobs directly after residency?MethodsIn this observational study, graduating residents across eight emergency medicine residencies were surveyed concurrent with their in‐training examinations over 2 years to assess levels of educational debt and demographic information. Job types chosen by residents upon graduation were obtained from their respective program directors. The impact of debt on type of job chosen was assessed through multivariate logistic regression with demographic controls and program fixed effects, with additional analysis of observed differences by gender.ResultsInformation was collected on 159 residents from 14 graduating classes across eight programs representing six different states. Residents with higher levels of debt had lower odds of choosing an academic fellowship or faculty position upon graduation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, confidence interval [CI] = 0.60 to 0.98). On further analysis, higher debt predicted lower odds of choosing an academic position for men (OR = 0.59, CI = 0.41 to 0.82), but not for women (OR = 1.05, CI = 0.63 to 1.76).ConclusionsWhen male emergency medicine residents have higher levels of debt, they are significantly less likely to pursue an academic fellowship or faculty position after residency. This may not be the case for female residents. Results may reflect differences in the factors that affect men and women’s decisions about jobs after residency, which merits further study.
Living near the limits: Effects of interannual variation in food availability on diet and reproduction in a temperate primate, the Taihangshan macaque (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)
Authors: Cui Zhenwei , Wang Zhenlong , Zhang Shiqiang , Wang Baishi , Lu Jiqi , Raubenheimer David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNutrient intake of animals is influenced by an interplay of external and internal factors, such as food availability and reproductive state, respectively. We used the nutritional geometry framework to analyze individual‐based data on energy and nutrient intake in relation to reproductive state in a population of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis), which live in a harsh high‐latitude habitat, the Taihangshan mountains of China, and exhibit strong reproductive seasonality. We combined data over a 3‐year period on food availability, diets, reproductive output, and components of maternal investment to understand how Taihangshan macaques respond to variation in food availability and nutrition in reproduction. Our results show there was high interannual variation in availability of an important staple source of fat and carbohydrates (nonprotein energy), seeds of oak (Quercus spp). Despite this variability in seed availability skewing the dietary macronutrient ratios considerably (from 12.96% to 30.12% dietary energy from protein), total metabolizable energy intake was maintained across years during pregnancy. Lactating females had higher mean daily energy intakes than pregnant females. As in pregnant females, energy intake was maintained constant across years, but only when seed availability enabled the contribution of available protein to energy intake to be maintained between 15.32% (2013) and 17.97% (2015). In 2014, when seeds were scarce, lactating females had a shortfall in energy intake compared with 2013 and 2015. This corresponded with a reduction in the number of females giving birth (11 out of 23), but there was no interannual difference in survival rates. Compared to 2013 and 2015, in 2014 females had greater weight loss (drew on body reserves), moved less, and spent more time nursing their offspring. We discuss implications of these results for range limitation in Taihangshan macaques.
Substrate‐Independent Magnetic Bistability in Monolayers of the Single‐Molecule Magnet Dy2ScN@C80 on Metals and Insulators
Authors: Krylov Denis S. , Schimmel Sebastian , Dubrovin Vasilii , Liu Fupin , Nguyen T. T. Nhung , Spree Lukas , Chen Chia‐Hsiang , Velkos Georgios , Bulbucan Claudiu , Westerström Rasmus , Studniarek Michał , Dreiser Jan , Hess Christian , Büchner Bernd , Avdoshenko Stanislav M. , Popov Alexey A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMagnetic hysteresis is demonstrated for monolayers of the single‐molecule magnet (SMM) Dy2ScN@C80 deposited on Au(111), Ag(100), and MgO|Ag(100) surfaces by vacuum sublimation. The topography and electronic structure of Dy2ScN@C80 adsorbed on Au(111) were studied by STM. X‐ray magnetic CD studies show that the Dy2ScN@C80 monolayers exhibit similarly broad magnetic hysteresis independent on the substrate used, but the orientation of the Dy2ScN cluster depends strongly on the surface. DFT calculations show that the extent of the electronic interaction of the fullerene molecules with the surface is increasing dramatically from MgO to Au(111) and Ag(100). However, the charge redistribution at the fullerene‐surface interface is fully absorbed by the carbon cage, leaving the state of the endohedral cluster intact. This Faraday cage effect of the fullerene preserves the magnetic bistability of fullerene‐SMMs on conducting substrates and facilitates their application in molecular spintronics.
Synthesis of Alkyl Sulfur‐Functionalized Oleic Acid‐Based Polymethacrylates and Their Application as Viscosity Index Improvers in a Mineral Paraffinic Lube Oil
Authors: Lomège Juliette , Negrell Claire , Robin Jean‐Jacques , Lapinte Vincent , Caillol Sylvain 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis of alkyl sulfur‐functionalized polymethacrylate‐based Viscosity Index Improvers (VII) derived from oleic acid (OLA) for mineral paraffinic lubricating oils. In this strategy, OLA was first quantitatively ramified by alkyl thiols containing long aliphatic chains through thiol‐ene coupling as demonstrated by 1H NMR spectroscopy with the complete consumption of OLA internal double bonds. The resulting alkyl sulfur‐functionalized OLA‐based derivatives were methacrylated through Steglich esterification in order to afford highly suitable hydrophobic OLA‐based monomers which, as far as we know, have not been described yet in the current literature. High polymethacrylate molecular weights were reached through radical polymerization despite the long alkyl pendant chains contained in their backbones. Finally, the resulting alkyl sulfur‐functionalized OLA‐based polymethacrylates have been blended in a mineral paraffinic oil (MPO) of reference at 5 wt% and evaluated as VII. Rheological measurements revealed that polymer thickening powers were significantly improved in oil with temperature and promoted by increasing the pendant alkyl thiol contained in polymer backbones. Moreover, the viscosity index of MPO was significantly improved with the addition of both synthesized homopolymers which confirmed their efficiency as VII. In the meantime, these results have been compared with a previously reported polymer, the poly(2‐[methacryloyloxy]ethyl oleate) (PMAEO), which demonstrated a lower VII efficiency compared with its analogous polymethacrylates containing an additional alkyl chain in their pendant chains.
Preparation and application of poly(ethylene oxide)‐based all solid‐state electrolyte with a walnut‐like SiO2 as nano‐fillers
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Yang Li , Shao Dingsheng , Luo Kaili , Liu Lei , Wu Zhenyu , Luo Zhigao , Wang Xianyou 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTPoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is one of the most promising candidates in polymer solid‐state electrolyte. However, the polymer matrix has a high degree of crystallinity and thus manifests low conductivity, which restricts its application in all solid‐state lithium‐ion battery. Herein, a new composite polymer electrolyte (PLWLS), which is comprised of PEO, LiClO4, and the independently synthetized walnut‐like SiO2 (WLS) as nano‐fillers, is designed and prepared by the tape‐casting way. The optimum mass fraction of walnut‐like SiO2 is determined by physical and electrochemical characterization. The result shows that the PLWLS‐15 with 15 wt % walnut‐like SiO2 nanoparticles has a crystallinity of 13.7%. Similarly, the maximum tensile strength is improved greatly. The assembled all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion battery with LiFePO4/PLWLS‐15/Li exhibits a higher discharge capacity of 167 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (1C = 170 mAh g−1) and 143 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C in first cycle, lower voltage polarization and better cycle performance. Therefore, adding nanoparticle into PEO‐based solid‐state electrolyte could effectively promote the mechanical property and electrochemical performance, and thus provide a possibility of application for PLWLS‐15 in next generation all solid‐state lithium battery. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48810.
Factors affecting mortality after traumatic brain injury in a resource-poor setting
Authors: Okidi R , Ogwang D M , Okello T R , Ezati D , Kyegombe W , Nyeko D , Scolding N J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of long-term disability and economic loss to society. The aim of this study was to assess the factors affecting mortality after TBI in a resource-poor setting.

Methods
Chart review was performed for randomly selected patients who presented with TBI between 2013 and 2017 at St Mary's Hospital, Lacor, northern Uganda. Data collected included demographic details, time from injury to presentation, and vital signs on arrival. In-hospital management and mortality were recorded. Severe head injury was defined as a Glasgow Coma Scale score below 9.

Results
A total of 194 patient charts were reviewed. Median age at time of injury was 27 (i.q.r. 2–68) years. The majority of patients were male (M : F ratio 4·9 : 1). Some 30·9 per cent of patients had severe head injury, and an associated skull fracture was observed in 8·8 per cent. Treatment was mainly conservative in 94·8 per cent of patients; three patients (1·5 per cent) had burr-holes, four (2·1 per cent) had a craniotomy, and three (1·5 per cent) had skull fracture elevation. The mortality rate was 33·0 per cent; 46 (72 per cent) of the 64 patients who died had severe head injury. Of the ten surgically treated patients, seven died, including all three patients who had a burr-hole. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with mortality were mean arterial pressure (P = 0·012), referral status (P = 0·001), respiratory distress (P = 0·040), severe head injury (P = 0·011) and pupil reactivity (P = 0·011).

Conclusion
TBI in a resource-poor setting remains a major challenge and affects mainly young males. Decisions concerning surgical intervention are compromised by the lack of both CT and intracranial pressure monitoring, with consequent poor outcomes.
Belief in the miracles of Lourdes: A voxel‐based morphometry study
Authors: Schienle Anne , Höfler Carina , Wabnegger Albert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt has been shown that particular religious beliefs and practices are associated with brain function and structure. The present voxel‐based morphometry study investigated the correlation between the belief in the miracles of Lourdes (a major Catholic pilgrimage site) and gray matter volume in specific brain regions associated with theory of mind (ToM).MethodStructural brain data from 84 women (mean age: 25 years; no current somatic illness; 80% Roman‐Catholic) were correlated with self‐report measures on belief in miracles, religious–spiritual well‐being, and psychological problems. Selected brain regions of the ToM network included the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), hippocampus, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC).ResultsThe belief in the miracles of Lourdes was positively correlated with general religiousness and with feelings of connectedness; there was no association with psychological problems. Belief in miracles of Lourdes correlated positively with TPJ volume and negatively with MPFC volume.ConclusionBelief in the miracles was associated with brain volume in regions involved in mentalizing and self‐control.
Diffusion tensor imaging tractography reveals altered fornix in all diagnostic subtypes of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Valdés Cabrera Diana , Stobbe Robert , Smyth Penelope , Giuliani Fabrizio , Emery Derek , Beaulieu Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has shown abnormalities of the fornix and other limbic white matter tracts in multiple sclerosis (MS), mainly focusing on relapsing‐remitting MS.MethodsThe goal here was to evaluate the fornix, cingulum, and uncinate fasciculus with DTI tractography at 1.7 mm isotropic resolution in three MS subgroups (11 relapsing‐remitting (RRMS), nine secondary progressive (SPMS), eight primary progressive (PPMS)) versus 11 controls, and assess correlations with cognitive and clinical scores.ResultsThe MS group overall showed extensive diffusion abnormalities of the fornix with less volume, lower fractional anisotropy (FA), and higher mean and radial diffusivities, which were similarly affected in all three MS subgroups. The uncinate fasciculus had lower FA only in the secondary progressive subgroup, and the cingulum had no DTI differences in any MS subgroup. The FA and/or volumes of these tracts correlated negatively with larger total lesion volume. The only DTI‐cognitive correlation was lower right cingulum FA and greater depression over the entire MS cohort.ConclusionsDiffusion tractography identified abnormalities in the fornix that appears to be affected early and consistently across all three primary MS phenotypes of RRMS, SPMS, and PPMS regardless of Expanded Disability Status Scale, time since diagnosis, or cognitive scores.
Development and validation of a simple risk model to predict major cancers for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Wei Zihan , Ren Zhigang , Hu Shuang , Gao Yan , Sun Ranran , Lv Shuai , Yang Guojie , Yu Zujiang , Kan Quancheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo recognize risk factors and build up and validate a simple risk model predicting 8‐year cancer events after nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. Patients with NAFLD (n = 5561) were randomly divided into groups: training (n = 1254), test (n = 627), evaluation (n = 627), and validation (n = 3053). Risk factors were recognized by statistical method named as a Cox model with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. This prediction score was established based on the training group and was further validated based on the testing and evaluation group from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009 and another 3053 independent cases from January 1, 2010 to February 13, 2014.ResultsThe main outcomes were NAFLD‐related cancer events, including those of the liver, breast, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, prostate and colon, within 8 years after hospitalization for NAFLD diagnosis. Seven risk factors (age (every 5 years),LDL, smoking, BMI, diabetes, OSAS, and aspartate aminotransferase (every 5 units)) were identified as independent indicators of cancer events. This risk model contained a predictive range of 0.4%‐37.7%, 0.3%‐39.6%, and 0.4%‐39.3% in the training, test, evaluation group, respectively, with a range 0.4%‐30.4% for validation groups. In the training group, 12.6%, 76.9%, and 10.5% of patients, which corresponded to the low ‐, moderate ‐, and high‐risk groups, had probabilities of, <0.01, <0.1, and 0.23 for 8‐year events.ConclusionsSeven risk factors were recognized and a simple risk model were developed and validated to predict the risk of cancer events after NAFLD based on 8 years. This simple risk score system may recognize high‐risk patients and reduce cancer incidence.
Time to retire the concept of brand personality? Extending the critique and introducing a new framework
Authors: Oklevik Ove , Supphellen Magne , Maehle Natalia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn consumer behaviour literature, there is a growing concern about the construct validity of brand personality. We extend this critique and introduce a new approach for the conceptualisation and measurement of human brand associations (HBA). A qualitative study of free associations to six brands in different categories and cultures reveals that brand personality traits, as defined in the literature, are practically non‐existent in real associative networks for brands. The responses are, however, in line with the new HBA framework. The findings suggest that consumer researchers should retire the concept of brand personality and use the new approach instead.
Life after ruxolitinib: Reasons for discontinuation, impact of disease phase, and outcomes in 218 patients with myelofibrosis
Authors: Palandri Francesca , Breccia Massimo , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Polverelli Nicola , Elli Elena M. , Benevolo Giulia , Tiribelli Mario , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Iurlo Alessandra , Heidel Florian H. , Bergamaschi Micaela , Tieghi Alessia , Crugnola Monica , Cavazzini Francesco , Binotto Gianni , Isidori Alessandro , Sgherza Nicola , Bosi Costanza , Martino Bruno , Latagliata Roberto , Auteri Giuseppe , Scaffidi Luigi , Griguolo Davide , Trawinska Malgorzata , Cattaneo Daniele , Catani Lucia , Krampera Mauro , Lemoli Roberto M. , Cuneo Antonio , Semenzato Gianpietro , Foà Robin , Di Raimondo Francesco , Bartoletti Daniela , Cavo Michele , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Vianelli Nicola 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundAfter discontinuing ruxolitinib, the outcome of patients with myelofibrosis reportedly has been poor. The authors investigated whether disease characteristics before the receipt of ruxolitinib may predict drug discontinuation in patients with myelofibrosis and whether reasons for drug discontinuation, disease phase at discontinuation, and salvage therapies may influence the outcome.MethodsA centralized electronic clinical database was created in 20 European hematology centers, including clinical and laboratory data for 524 patients who received ruxolitinib for myelofibrosis.ResultsAt 3 years, 40.8% of patients had stopped ruxolitinib. Baseline predictors of drug discontinuation were: intermediate‐2–risk/high‐risk category (Dynamic International Prognostic Score System), a platelet count <100 ×109 per liter, transfusion dependency, and unfavorable karyotype. At last contact, 268 patients (51.1%) had discontinued therapy, and the median drug exposure was 17.5 months. Fifty patients (18.7%) died while taking ruxolitinib. The reasons for discontinuation in the remaining 218 patients were the lack (22.9%) or loss (11.9%) of a spleen response, ruxolitinib‐related adverse events (27.5%), progression to blast phase (23.4%), ruxolitinib‐unrelated adverse events (9.2%), and allogeneic transplantation during response (5.1%). The median survival after ruxolitinib was 13.2 months and was significantly better in the 167 patients who discontinued ruxolitinib in chronic phase (27.5 vs 3.9 months for those who discontinued in blast phase; P < .001). No survival differences were observed among patients who discontinued ruxolitinib in chronic phase because of lack of response, loss of response, or ruxolitinib‐related adverse events. The use of investigational agents and/or ruxolitinib rechallenge were associated with improved outcome.ConclusionsThe survival of patients with myelofibrosis after discontinuation of ruxolitinib is poor, particularly for those who discontinue in blast phase. Salvage therapies can improve outcome, emphasizing the need for novel therapies.
Nodal positivity decreases with age in women with early‐stage, hormone receptor–positive breast cancer
Authors: Downs‐Canner Stephanie M. , Gaber Charles E. , Louie Raphael J. , Strassle Paula D. , Gallagher Kristalyn K. , Muss Hyman B. , Ollila David W. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundDespite data demonstrating the safety of omitting axillary surgery in older women with early‐stage breast cancer, the incidence of axillary surgery remains high. It was hypothesized that the prevalence of nodal positivity would decrease with advancing age.MethodsThe National Cancer Data Base was used to construct a cohort of adult women with early‐stage, clinically node‐negative, estrogen receptor–positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative breast cancer treated between 2013 and 2015. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between age and nodal positivity, and this was stratified by the axillary surgery category. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate the proportion of women receiving adjuvant therapy according to age and nodal status.ResultsThe incidence of axillary surgery among women aged 70 and older (n = 51,917) remained high nationwide (86%). There was a significant decrease in nodal positivity with advancing age in women with early‐stage, ER+, clinically node‐negative breast cancer from the youngest cohort up to patients aged 70 to 89 years, and this was independent of histologic subtype (ductal vs lobular), race, comorbidities, and socioeconomic factors. Overall, less than 10% of women aged 70 or older who underwent surgery had node‐positive disease, regardless of axillary surgery type, and almost 95% of node‐positive patients aged 70 or older were at pathological stage N1mi or N1.ConclusionsAxillary surgery may be safely omitted for many older women with ER+, clinically node‐negative, early‐stage breast cancer. Nodal positivity declines with advancing age, and this suggests varied biology in older patients versus younger patients.