bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer engagement in occupational therapy health‐related research: A scoping review of the Australian Occupational Therapy Journal and a call to action
Authors: Cox Ruth , Kendall Melissa , Molineux Matthew , Miller Elizabeth , Tanner Bernadette 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionConsumer engagement in research is becoming an ethical, political, and moral imperative. The aim of this scoping review was to provide a snapshot of the current status of the emerging area of consumer engagement in occupational therapy health‐related research, as published in the Australian Occupational Therapy Journal.MethodsA scoping review was conducted of all health‐related original research published in the Australian Occupational Therapy Journal for 5½ years, plus Early View, as at June 2019. Eligible papers were examined for consumer engagement content which included any active choice or control by consumers, beyond being a research participant. A recognised six stage methodology was used with quantitative and qualitative data analysed. Two consumers collaborated in interpreting the data including finalising themes, leading theme naming, developing key discussion points, and producing recommendations.ResultsOf the 123 eligible papers, 48 (39.02%) included consumer engagement. However, only two incorporated consumer engagement across all research phases—preparation, execution and translation. A total of 103 consumer engagement activities were charted and categorised across all papers. There were limited instances of consumer collaboration (14/103, 13.59%) or consumer‐led research processes (15/103, 14.56%) reported. Four themes emerged: Parity in research partnerships; It's important to know the Who, What, When, How and So What of consumer involvement; Consumer engagement must be a two‐way process—not a dead end street; and Meeting the challenge—being diverse and inclusive.ConclusionComprehensive consumer‐researcher partnerships may not be common‐place in health‐related occupational therapy research in the Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. This paper is a call to action. Occupational therapists must embrace consumer research partnerships as a demonstration of the key philosophies of enabling and empowering consumers and communities. Collaboration with two consumers in finalising data analysis, results interpretation and reporting added a diverse and valuable perspective.
A powerful long metabarcoding method for the determination of complex diets from faecal analysis of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis, L. 1758)
Authors: Ducotterd Charlotte , Crovadore Julien , Lefort François , Rubin Jean‐François , Ursenbacher Sylvain 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing has become an accurate method for the identification of species present in soil, water, faeces, gut or stomach contents. However, information at the species level is limited due to the choice of short barcodes and based on the idea that DNA is too degraded to allow longer sequences to be amplified. We have therefore developed a long DNA metabarcoding method based on the sequencing of short reads followed by de novo assembly, which can precisely identify the taxonomic groups of organisms associated with complex diets, such as omnivorous individuals. The procedure includes 11 different primer pairs targeting the COI gene, the large subunit of the ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase gene, the maturase K gene, the 28S rRNA and the trnL‐trnF chloroplastic region. We validated this approach using 32 faeces samples from an omnivorous reptile, the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis, L. 1758). This metabarcoding approach was assessed using controlled experiments including mock communities and faecal samples from captive feeding trials. The method allowed us to accurately identify prey DNA present in the diet of the European pond turtles to the species level in most of the cases (82.4%), based on the amplicon lengths of multiple markers (168–1,379 bp, average 546 bp), and produced by de novo assembly. The proposed approach can be adapted to analyse various diets, in numerous conservation and ecological applications. It is consequently appropriate for detecting fine dietary variations among individuals, populations and species as well as for the identification of rare food items.
Transmission of the sponge microbiome: moving towards a unified model
Authors: de Oliveira Bruno Francesco Rodrigues , Freitas‐Silva Jéssyca , Sánchez‐Robinet Claudia , Laport Marinella Silva 
Published: October 2020

SummarySponges have co‐evolved for millions of years alongside several types of microorganisms, which aside from participating in the animal's diet, are mostly symbionts. Since most of the genetic repertoire in the holobiont genome is provided by microbes, it is expected that the host‐associated microbiome will be at least partially heritable. Sponges can therefore acquire their symbionts in different ways. Both vertical transmission (VT) and horizontal transmission (HT) have different advantages and disadvantages in the life cycle of these invertebrates. However, a third mode of transmission, called leaky vertical transmission or mixed mode of transmission (MMT), which incorporates both VT and HT modes, has gained relevance and seems to be the most robust model. In that regard, the aim of this review is to present the evolving knowledge on these main modes of transmission of the sponge microbiome. Our conclusions lead us to suggest that MMT may be more common for all sponges, with its frequency varying across the transmission spectrum between species and the environment. This hybrid model supports the stable and specific transmission of these microbial partners and reinforces their assistance in the resilience of sponges over the years.
Exploiting the full potential of Bayesian networks in predictive ecology
Authors: Ramazi Pouria , Kunegel‐Lion Mélodie , Greiner Russell , Lewis Mark A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough ecological models used to make predictions from underlying covariates have a record of success, they also suffer from limitations. They are typically unable to make predictions when the value of one or more covariates is missing during the testing. Missing values can be estimated but methods are often unreliable and can result in poor accuracy. Similarly, missing values during the training can hinder parameter estimation of many ecological models. Bayesian networks can handle these and other limiting issues, such as having highly correlated covariates. However, they are rarely used to their full potential.Indeed, Bayesian networks are commonly used to evaluate the knowledge of experts by constructing the network manually and often (incorrectly) interpreting the resulting network causally. We provide an approach to learn a Bayesian network fully from observed data, without relying on experts and show how to appropriately interpret the resulting network, both to identify how the variables (covariates and target) are interrelated and to answer probabilistic queries.We apply this method to the case study of a mountain pine beetle infestation and find that the trained Bayesian network has a predictive accuracy of 0.88 AUC. We classify the covariates as primary and secondary in terms of contributing to the prediction and show that the predictive accuracy does not deteriorate when the secondary covariates are missing and degrades to only 0.76 when one of the primary covariates is missing.As a complement to the previous work on constructing Bayesian networks by hand, we show that if instead, both the structure and parameters are learned only from data, we can achieve more accurate predictions as well as generate new insights about the underlying processes.
Unknown population‐level harms of cannabis and tobacco co‐use: if you don't measure it, you can't manage it
Authors: Hindocha Chandni , McClure Erin A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundNationally representative data of cannabis–tobacco co‐use have shown that these substances are closely entwined and have significant adverse health consequences, although population‐level harms of co‐use are largely unknown. Current epidemiological research does not assess co‐use in a manner that has yielded the necessary data to draw conclusions regarding health effects. This has given rise to a hidden population of co‐users who go under‐served. Therefore, this paper has two aims: (1) to review new challenges in the collection of co‐use data due to rapidly changing regulations of cannabis and nicotine products and (2) to provide recommendations for the terminology and assessment of co‐use.ArgumentWe argue that: (1) the prevalence of co‐use is not being assessed accurately at a population level and (2) changes in legalization have created novel challenges, but without proper monitoring the impact on co‐use will go undetected. We propose a three‐level tiered set of recommendations for co‐use assessments, which includes assessments of cannabis, tobacco and co‐use metrics ranging from least burdensome (self‐report of co‐administered products) to most burdensome (assays, event‐level data).ConclusionsWe propose that clinical studies begin to incorporate cannabis–tobacco co‐use assessments to justify better their inclusion in clinical trials and national surveillance surveys. Integration of co‐use assessments will aid in understanding the true impact on co‐use of the changing cannabis and tobacco/nicotine regulatory environments. Co‐use is prevalent and problematic, and the ability to make conclusions about its health outcomes is hindered by lack of nuance in data collection. If you do not measure it, you cannot manage it.
Carboplatin plus paclitaxel weekly dose‐dense chemotherapy for high‐grade ovarian cancer: A re‐evaluation
Authors: Kessous Roy , Matanes Emad , Laskov Ido , Wainstock Tamar , Abitbol Jeremie , Yasmeen Amber , Salvador Shannon , Lau Susie , Gotlieb Walter H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe compared oncologic and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced ovarian cancer who received dose‐dense weekly paclitaxel with 3‐weekly carboplatin with those who received standard 3‐weekly chemotherapy.Material and methodsComparison of all consecutive patients with advanced (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages III‐IV) ovarian cancer who received a dose‐dense protocol between 2010 and 2016 with an immediate historical cohort of consecutive patients who received standard chemotherapy. Patients who received less than three cycles of treatment were excluded.ResultsIn all, 246 patients were included in the study, of whom 128 received the dose‐dense protocol and 118 were treated with the standard Q3‐week protocol. Patients in the dose‐dense group had significantly better progression‐free survival than those receiving the standard protocol (median progression‐free survival 22 vs 15 months; log rank = 0.026). The overall survival of patients in the dose‐dense group was also better than that of the patients in the standard protocol group; however, this difference was not statistically significant (median overall survival 66 vs 54 months; log rank = 0.185). The dose‐dense protocol remained significantly associated with favorable survival outcome in multivariable analysis adjusted for stage, histologic type, cytoreductive results and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The use of the dose‐dense protocol was associated with higher rates of gastrointestinal, dermatologic, neurologic and hematologic side effects.ConclusionDespite the limitations associated with the comparison to a historical cohort, a dose‐dense chemotherapy protocol resulted in a significantly improved progression‐free survival and the overall survival tended to be better, but this difference did not reach statistical significance compared with the standard chemotherapy protocol, and may be considered as a treatment alternative, albeit with some increased side effects.
Efficacy and safety outcomes of proposed randomized controlled trials investigating hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Junqueira Daniela R. , Rowe Brian H. 
Published: October 2020

AimsTo assess whether randomized clinical trials (RCTs) proposed to evaluate the treatment of patients with COVID‐19 with hydroxychloroquine (HQ) or chloroquine early in the pandemic included plans to measure outcomes that would translate into meaningful efficacy/effectiveness and safety outcomes.MethodsThe World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform database was searched for registers of RCTs evaluating HQ or chloroquine, alone or in combination, compared with other treatments for patients diagnosed with COVID‐19. The final search was performed on 8 April 2020.ResultsAmong 51 registered RCTs (median sample size 262; interquartile range: 100, 520), 34 (67%) reported a clinical outcome, 12 (24%) a surrogate outcome, and 5 (10%) a combination of clinical and surrogate outcomes as primary endpoints. Six (15%) trials included the World Health Organization scale for clinical improvement as a primary clinical outcome. Clinical improvement and mortality accounted for 45% of the unique domains among 18 clinical outcome domains of efficacy. Twenty‐four (47%) RCTs did not describe plans to assess safety outcomes; when assessed, safety outcomes were determined in generic terms of total, severe or serious adverse events.ConclusionThe RCTs investigating HQ or chloroquine during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic included heterogeneous and insufficient approaches to measure efficacy/effectiveness and safety relevant to patients and clinical practice. These findings provide insights to inform clinical and regulatory decisions that can be drawn about the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of these agents in patients with COVID‐19. Trialists need to adapt quickly to the research progress on COVID‐19, ensuring that core outcome measures are assessed in ongoing RCTs.
Early changes in IL‐21, IL‐22, CCL2, and CCL4 serum cytokines after outpatient autologous transplantation for multiple sclerosis: A proof of concept study
Authors: Jaime‐Pérez José C. , Turrubiates‐Hernández Grecia A. , López‐Silva Leslie J. , Salazar‐Riojas Rosario , Gómez‐Almaguer David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChanges in serum cytokines after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were documented. Thirty‐six consecutive MS patients who had their Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scored before AHSCT were prospectively enrolled. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) was infused at 200 mg/kg in two administrations given 10 days apart: the first dose for mobilization, the second as the conditioning regimen. Patients were mobilized with 10 µg/kg/day subcutaneous G‐CSF. Serum was collected 14 days before and 14 after AHSCT. IL‐6, IL‐9, IL‐10, IL 17‐A, IL‐21, IL‐22, IL‐23, TNF‐A, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 were measured by magnetic bead‐based immunoassay. t Test and Wilcoxon test were used to compare cytokine levels before and after AHSCT. There were 28 women and 8 men with a median age of 46 (15–62) years, median duration of MS was 9.5 (1–32) years, and EDSS score was 5.7 (1.5–8.0). Patients had a decrement of pro‐inflammatory IL‐21 and IL‐22 (p = .003 and p = .028) and an increment of anti‐inflammatory CCL2 and CCL4 (p < .001 and p = .039) after AHSCT. Decrease of IL‐21 and IL‐22 coupled with an increment of CCL2 and CCL4 could reflect the immunomodulatory effect of auto‐HSCT and be an early indicator of its efficacy.
The social and clinical impact of the COVID‐19 epidemic on the Strasbourg lung transplant cohort: A single‐center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Renaud‐Picard Benjamin , Gallais Floriane , Riou Marianne , Chatron Eva , Degot Tristan , Freudenberger Sophie , Porzio Michele , Schuller Armelle , Stauder Julien , Hirschi Sandrine , Kessler Romain 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe clinical and social impacts of the COVID‐19 epidemic on lung transplant (LTx) recipients remain poorly known. We aimed to evaluate its social, clinical, and behavioral consequences on the LTx patients followed in Strasbourg university hospital. A questionnaire was used to collect details concerning patients’ lifestyles, their protection methods used to avoid COVID‐19 contamination, and clinical infection‐related information for March 2020. A specific score was created to quantify patients’ contacts and the associated risk of infectious contagion. Data were collected from 322 patients (91.2%). A majority reported a higher application than usual of social distancing and barrier measures. 43.8% described infectious‐related symptoms and 15.8% needed an anti‐infective treatment. There was no difference in symptom onset according to age, native lung disease, diabetes, or obesity. Nineteen patients were tested for COVID‐19, and four were diagnosed positive, all with a favorable outcome. The infection risk contact score was higher for symptomatic patients (p: 0.007), those needing extra‐medical appointments (p < .001), and those receiving anti‐infective treatments (p = .02). LTx patients reported a careful lifestyle and did not seem at higher risk for COVID‐19. Our score showed encouraging preliminary results and could become a useful tool for the usual infection‐related follow‐up of the LTx patients.
Remote FEV1 Monitoring in Asthma Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Huang Chengrui , Izmailova Elena S. , Jackson Natalie , Ellis Robert , Bhatia Gaurav , Ruddy Marcella , Singh Dave 
Published: October 2020

Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is a critical parameter for the assessment of lung function for both clinical care and research in patients with asthma. While asthma is defined by variable airflow obstruction, FEV1 is typically assessed during clinic visits. Mobile spirometry (mSpirometry) allows more frequent measurements of FEV1, resulting in a more continuous assessment of lung function over time and its variability. Twelve patients with moderate asthma were recruited in a single‐center study and were instructed to perform pulmonary function tests at home twice daily for 28 days and weekly in the clinic. Daily and mean subject compliances were summarized. The agreement between clinic and mobile FEV1 was assessed using correlation and Bland‐Altman analyses. The test‐retest reliability for clinic and mSpirometry was assessed by interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Simulation was conducted to explore if mSpirometry could improve statistical power over clinic counterparts. The mean subject compliance with mSpirometry was 70% for twice‐daily and 85% for at least once‐daily. The mSpirometry FEV1 were highly correlated and agreed with clinic ones from the same morning (r = 0.993) and the same afternoon (r = 0.988) with smaller mean difference for the afternoon (0.0019 L) than morning (0.0126 L) measurements. The test‐retest reliability of mobile (ICC = 0.932) and clinic (ICC = 0.942) spirometry were comparable. Our simulation analysis indicated greater power using dense mSpirometry than sparse clinic measurements. Overall, we have demonstrated good compliance for repeated at‐home mSpirometry, high agreement and comparable test‐retest reliability with clinic counterparts, greater statistical power, suggesting a potential for use in asthma clinical research.
Impact of Green Tea Catechin Ingestion on the Pharmacokinetics of Lisinopril in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Misaka Shingen , Ono Yuko , Uchida Atsushi , Ono Tomoyuki , Abe Osamu , Ogata Hiroshi , Sato Hideyuki , Suzuki Masahiko , Onoue Satomi , Shikama Yayoi , Shimomura Kenju 
Published: October 2020

Lisinopril, a highly hydrophilic long‐acting angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, is frequently prescribed for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Green tea consumption may reduce the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and total mortality, whereas green tea or its catechin components has been reported to decrease plasma concentrations of a hydrophilic β blocker, nadolol, in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of green tea extract (GTE) on the lisinopril pharmacokinetics. In an open‐label, randomized, single‐center, 2‐phase crossover study, 10 healthy subjects ingested 200 mL of an aqueous solution of GTE containing ~ 300 mg of (–)‐epigallocatechin gallate, a major catechin component in green tea, or water (control) when receiving 10 mg of lisinopril after overnight fasting. The geometric mean ratio (GTE/control) for maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve of lisinopril were 0.289 (90% confidence interval (CI) 0.226–0.352) and 0.337 (90% CI 0.269–0.405), respectively. In contrast, there were no significant differences in time to reach maximum lisinopril concentration (6 hours in both phases) and renal clearance of lisinopril (57.7 mL/minute in control vs. 56.9 mL/minute in GTE). These results suggest that the extent of intestinal absorption of lisinopril was significantly impaired in the presence of GTE, whereas it had no major effect on the absorption rate and renal excretion of lisinopril. Concomitant use of lisinopril and green tea may decrease oral exposure to lisinopril, and therefore result in reduced therapeutic efficacy.
Could cellular and signaling abnormalities converge to provoke atopic dermatitis?
Authors: Elias Peter M. , Wakefield Joan S. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryDiverse inherited and acquired abnormalities in epidermal structural and enzymatic proteins compromise permeability, barrier function and antimicrobial defense in atopic dermatitis (AD). Though several mutations in filaggrin (FLG) predominate, alterations in other S‐100, cornified envelope precursor proteins (hornerin [HRNR], filaggrin 2 [FLG2], SPRR3, mattrin) which regulate lamellar body formation; SPINK5, which encodes the serine protease inhibitor, LEKTI1, and a fatty acid transporter, FATP4, are all separately associated with an AD phenotype. Exogenous and endogenous stressors, such as prolonged psychological stress, a low environmental humidity, or exposure to basic soaps and surfactants can further compromise barrier function and are often required to trigger disease. In the immunologists’ view, the barrier abnormality is relevant only because it allows antigen and pathogen access, while stimulating Th2 cytokine production. These proteins in turn downregulate lipid synthetic enzyme and antimicrobial peptide levels, as well as multiple epidermal structural proteins, including filaggrin. Each inherited and acquired abnormality can independently compromise lamellar body secretion production, resulting in defective lamellar membrane organization and antimicrobial defense. Furthermore, elevated pH of the SC is critical for AD pathogenesis, compromising post‐secretory lipid processing, while also enhancing inflammation. There are various therapeutic options that interdict different stages in this pathogenic paradigm.