bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EULENSPIEGEL IM KRIEG: DER NARR UND DIE ERZӒHLTRADITION IN DANIEL KEHLMANNS ROMAN TYLL
Authors: Maeding Linda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDaniel Kehlmann's novel Tyll (2017), which places its protagonist in the Thirty Years War, proves the astonishing topicality of pre‐modern Till Eulenspiegel. The starting point of this article is the observation that in literature, rogue characters like the jester are often linked to socio‐historical crises. To examine this nexus more closely, this character will be analysed at different levels: in relation to the picaresque novel, in intertextual readings of similar characters and motifs in Kehlmann's work, and in Tyll’s auto‐reflexive discourse on narration. Tyll shares his status as a social outsider and his absolute will to survive with the Spanish pícaro and the German ‘Schelm’. But in contrast to those, this jester is not mocked. Rather, he himself is the one who mocks others in Kehlmann's gloomiest novel so far, personifying a threat to any social structures. His transgressive actions give rise to reflections on the normative basis of society. At the same time, Kehlmann's Tyll, whose protagonist is placed in a world full of conflict, physical violence, and socio‐economic constraints, can also be read as a meta‐commentary on the powers and limits of narration.
The relationship between urolithiasis, metabolic syndrome and nurse shift work. A literature review
Authors: Rosa Debora , Villa Giulia , Montanari Emanuele , Destrebecq Anne , Terzoni Stefano 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe shift work increased the metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis in nurses? Problem metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis are two worldwide important health problems. Shift work and consequent sleep disorders are risk factors of developing metabolic syndrome. The aim of this literature review is to describe the effects of shift work on metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis in nurses. Search terms (free terms, MeSH): ‘metabolic syndrome’, ‘urologic diseases’; papers published in the last 10 years (2009‐2019) were searched in some databases (PUBMED, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Review). We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, reviews and we included papers studying metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis. Quality assessment of the papers was verified according to Dixon‐Woods checklist. Seven articles were analysed. The literature review has shown that insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity, cardio vascular disease have a relationship with metabolic syndrome. People with obesity, insulin resistance or hypertension have a low urinary pH. The prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance has increased the risk of urolithiasis in both men and women. This risk has further increased in shift workers especially in nurses. There seems to be a bilateral association between hypertension and urolithiasis. Nurses are a population at risk of developing metabolic syndrome and consequently urolithiasis. It is important to understand whether nurses may be at risk of urolithiasis, to prevent bad habits and to anticipate days off. Nurses are a population at risk of developing metabolic syndrome and consequently urolithiasis.
Enhanced thioredoxin, glutathione and Nrf2 antioxidant systems by safflower extract and aceglutamide attenuate cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Zhou Rui , Xiang Changpei , Fan Fangfang , Gao Jinhuan , Zhang Yi , Tang Shihuan , Xu Haiyu , Yang Hongjun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) aggravate cerebral damage after ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). Glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx) and nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) represent three major antioxidant systems and play vital roles in affecting each other in eliminating ROS. Identification of drugs targeting triple antioxidant systems simultaneously is vital for inhibiting oxidative damage after cerebral I/R. This study investigated the protective effect of safflower extract and aceglutamide (SAAG) against cerebral I/R injury through modulating multiple antioxidant systems of GSH, Trx and Nrf2 and identified each role of its component acegluatminde (AG) and safflower extract (SA) on these systems. Safflower extract and aceglutamide and its two components decreased neurological deficit scores, infarction rate, apoptosis and oxidative damage after cerebral I/R while enhanced cell viability, decreased reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide level in H2O2‐induced PC12 cell model. Importantly, compared to its two components, SAAG demonstrated more effective enhancement of GSH, Nrf2 and Trx systems and a better protection against cerebral I/R injury. The enhanced antioxidant systems prevented ASK1 activation and suppressed subsequent p38 and JNK cascade‐mediated apoptosis. Moreover, inhibition of Trx and Nrf2 systems by auranofin and ML385 abolished SAAG‐mediated protection, respectively. Thus, enhanced triple systems by SAAG played a better protective role than those by SA or AG via inhibition of ASK1 cascades. This research provided evidence for the necessity of combination drugs from the perspective of multiple antioxidant systems. Furthermore, it also offers references for the study of combination drugs and inspires novel treatments for ischaemic stroke.
Insulin and heparin challenge tests are useful for choosing an optimal insulin regimen in a case of subcutaneous insulin resistance
Authors: Nakamura Yuko , Nagao Mototsugu , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Oba Takeshi , Shuto Yuki , Fukuda Izumi , Oikawa Shinichi , Sugihara Hitoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA 38‐year‐old woman with type 1 diabetes, whose fasting plasma glucose levels were >500 mg/dL under 176 U/day of subcutaneous insulin injection, was admitted to Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. When insulin was administered intravenously, she was able to maintain favorable glycemic control even under 24 U/day of regular insulin, showing that she was accompanied by subcutaneous insulin resistance. To choose an optimal insulin regimen, we carried out subcutaneous insulin challenge tests without or with heparin mixture, and found a cocktail of insulin lispro and heparin could reduce blood glucose levels markedly. As a consequence, she achieved favorable blood glucose control by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion of the cocktail. In summary, the insulin and heparin challenge tests are useful for choosing an optimal insulin regimen in cases of subcutaneous insulin resistance.
Diagnosing peripheral neuropathy in South‐East Asia: A focus on diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Malik Rayaz A , Andag‐Silva Aimee , Dejthevaporn Charungthai , Hakim Manfaluthy , Koh Jasmine S , Pinzon Rizaldy , Sukor Norlela , Wong Ka Sing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBurning and stabbing pain in the feet and lower limbs can have a significant impact on the activities of daily living, including walking, climbing stairs and sleeping. Peripheral neuropathy in particular is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed because of a lack of awareness amongst both patients and physicians. Furthermore, crude screening tools, such as the 10‐g monofilament, only detect advanced neuropathy and a normal test will lead to false reassurance of those with small fiber mediated painful neuropathy. The underestimation of peripheral neuropathy is highly prevalent in the South‐East Asia region due to a lack of consensus guidance on routine screening and diagnostic pathways. Although neuropathy as a result of diabetes is the most common cause in the region, other causes due to infections (human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or C virus), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, drug‐induced neuropathy (cancer chemotherapy, antiretrovirals and antituberculous drugs) and vitamin deficiencies (vitamin B1, B6, B12, D) should be actively excluded.
Functional and anatomical brain connectivity in psoriasis patients and healthy controls: a pilot brain imaging study after exposure to mentally induced itch
Authors: Najafi P. , Ben Salem D. , Carré J.‐L. , Misery L. , Dufor O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite the prevalence of psoriasis, the processing of itch in psoriasis and its impact on the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear.ObjectiveWe studied the influence of psoriasis on the CNS using magnetic resonance imaging techniques (fMRI and DTI, respectively) to investigate whether mentally induced itch can modify the functional connectivity or the white matter microstructure of the brain.MethodsFourteen patients with chronic psoriasis and 15 healthy controls were recruited. Itch was mentally induced in subjects by videos showing others scratching themselves.ResultsThe observation of functional connectivity during the viewing the video revealed an interconnected network of brain regions that are more strongly coupled in psoriasis patients than in healthy controls. This network links the cerebellum, the thalami, the anteroposterior cingulum, the inferior parietal lobules, the middle temporal poles and the parahippocampal, hippocampal, lingual and supramarginal gyri. We also found connections with the right precuneus and both left insula and superior temporal gyrus. The DTI analysis showed that chronic itch affects the microstructure of white matter, including the anterior thalamic radiations, the superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, the corticospinal tracts, the cingulum, the external capsules, the inferior frontal‐occipital fasciculi and both minor and major forceps.ConclusionOur results indicate that there could exist a network which is more interconnected in psoriasis patients. Among two building blocks of this network, the subnetwork encoding the perception and control of itch sensation is more affected than the subnetwork representing mentalizing and empathy. With an approach consisting of measuring microstructural changes at a local level in the brain, we also contradict the findings obtained with global measures which stated that chronic psoriasis cannot alter the anatomy of the brain. This confirms that itchy pathophysiological conditions have similar effects on functional and structural connectivity as those observed in chronic pain.
Dietary vitamin D intake, cardiovascular disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a sex‐based analysis from the ATTICA cohort study
Authors: Kouvari M. , Panagiotakos D. B. , Chrysohoou C. , Yannakoulia M. , Georgousopoulou E. N. , Tousoulis D. , Pitsavos C. ,   The ATTICA study Investigators
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and 10‐year first fatal/nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), conventional CVD risk factors and surrogate markers related to inflammation, coagulation, insulin resistance, liver and renal function.MethodsThe ATTICA study was conducted during 2001–2012 including 1514 men and 1528 women (aged >18 years) from the greater Athens area, Greece. Dietary assessment was based on a validated semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Daily intake of vitamin D was calculated using a standardised food database. Follow‐up (2011–2012) was achieved in 2020 participants (n = 317 cases).ResultsRanking from first to third vitamin D tertile, CVD events were 24%, 17% and 12% for men (P = 0.002) and 14%, 10% and 11% for women (P = 0.59). Inverse associations between vitamin D and CVD in total sample [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.76 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.60–0.97] and in men (HR = 0.66 95% CI = 0.49–0.89) were observed, and lost after adjusting for inflammation/coagulation markers; for women, no significant trends were observed. Regarding 10‐year onset of conventional risk factors, inverse associations of vitamin D with hypertension in men (HR = 0.62 95% CI = 0.39–0.99) and transition to metabolically unhealthy status in women (HR = 0.69 95% CI = 0.51–0.93) were observed. Significant inverse associations for C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6 and fibrinogen in both sexes, whereas these were revealed only in women for insulin resistance.ConclusionsContradicting the neutral/modest associations in vitamin‐D supplementation trials, increased food‐generated vitamin D may protect against hard and intermediate CVD endpoints, implying different paths between sexes.
Rare case of tonsillar and subcutaneous metastasis from neuroendocrine cervical cancer
Authors: Zeng Feitianzhi , Tuo Ying , Liu Dawei , He Mian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNeuroendocrine cervical carcinoma (NECC) is a rare type of cervical cancer, with high tendency of lymphatic and distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Herein, we reported a rare case of relapsed NECC metastasizing to palatine tonsil and subcutaneous adipose tissue in multiple regions, which reflects the aggressive biological behavior of NECC.
The impact of five nights of sleep restriction on emotional reactivity
Authors: Tempesta Daniela , Salfi Federico , De Gennaro Luigi , Ferrara Michele 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn inadequate amount of sleep can negatively affect emotional processing, causing behavioural and neurofunctional changes. However, unlike the condition of total sleep deprivation, which has been extensively studied, the effects of prolonged sleep restriction have received less attention. In this study, we evaluated, for the first time, the effects of five nights of sleep restriction (5 hr a night) on emotional reactivity in healthy subjects.Forty‐two subjects were selected to participate, over two consecutive weeks, in two experimental conditions in counterbalanced order. The subjects were tested the morning after five nights of regular sleep and after five consecutive nights of sleep restriction. During the test, participants evaluated valence and arousal of 90 images selected from the International Affective Picture System.The subjects perceived pleasant and neutral pictures in a more negative way in the sleep‐restriction condition compared to the sleep condition. This effect survived after removing the contribution of mood changes. In contrast, there was no significant difference between conditions for ratings of unpleasant pictures.These results provide the first evidence that an inadequate amount of sleep for five consecutive nights determines an alteration of the evaluation of pleasant and neutral stimuli, imposing a negative emotional bias. Considering the pervasiveness of insufficient sleep in modern society, our results have potential implications for daily life, as well as in clinical settings.
Proliferative ability and accumulation of cancer stem cells in oral submucous fibrosis epithelium
Authors: Xie Changqing , Feng Hui , Zhong Liang , Shi Yujie , Wei Zihao , Hua Yufei , Ji Ning , Li Jing , Tang Zhangui , Chen Qianming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe driving force of the malignant transformation of epithelial cells during oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an unsettled debate. We hypothesized that the expression and accumulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are accompanied by epithelial atrophy in OSF.Materials and MethodsThe expression levels of Ki67 (proliferation marker), SOX2, and Bmi1 (CSC marker) in the epithelium during the early, middle, and late stages of OSF were measured by immunohistochemistry. At the same time, we focused on the expression of three proteins in OSF patients with benign hyperkeratosis and epithelial dysplasia.ResultsThe clinical cohort study showed upregulated expression of the proliferation‐associated protein Ki67 in atrophic epithelium in patients with OSF. The expression levels of SOX2 and Bmi1 showed an increasing trend in the progression of OSF. Ki67, SOX2, and Bmi1 were highly expressed in OSF tissues with dysplasia. Moreover, the three proteins were located at the epithelial and mesenchymal junctions, and their expression showed a positive correlation with each other.ConclusionThe results suggest that CSC accumulation could be accompanied by epithelial atrophy during OSF, which may be responsible for the driving forces for OSF carcinogenesis.
The long term impact of a coherence based model for mathematics intervention
Authors: McGee Daniel Lee , Gonulates Funda , Hodgson Theodore , Brewer Meredith 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article presents a large‐scale longitudinal study of hundreds of students across the state of Kentucky that participated in a dual‐focus mathematics intervention initiative when they were in the third grade. Rather than an exclusive focus on intervention, this initiative focused on both (i) high quality pull‐out intervention and (ii) coherence between pull‐out intervention and classroom instruction. The study found that over half of the third grade intervention students that participated in this initiative were classified as “novice” (the lowest possible performance category) on state standardized mathematics assessments at the end of the third grade. However, over the course of the following four years, the novice reduction rate of these students was significantly (p < .01) greater than other novices in Kentucky that did not participate in the initiative. These findings indicate that when implementing intervention initiatives to help students that are struggling with mathematics, it may be important to establish coherence between pull‐out intervention and classroom instruction. The long term impact of this approach among traditionally underrepresented minorities suggest that this publication may provide insight into important equity issues where long‐term analyses may sometimes be needed to capture the full impact of intervention initiatives.
Sources of engineering teaching self‐efficacy in a STEAM methods course for elementary preservice teachers
Authors: Webb Donna L. , LoFaro Keelan P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of a STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) methods course on elementary preservice teachers’ (PTs’) perceptions of self‐efficacy to teach engineering practices. The course positioned engineering as the primary content area from which to integrate other subjects. To enhance PT’s perception of engineering self‐efficacy, the course provided instruction that leveraged the following sources of self‐efficacy: cognitive content mastery, cognitive pedagogical mastery, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and emotional state. The study also examined to what extent the various sources of self‐efficacy contributed to changes in self‐efficacy. Data was collected from 14 participants that included a self‐efficacy survey and focus group interview. After completing the course, elementary PTs’ self‐efficacy to teach engineering practices increased significantly. Qualitative data analysis revealed cognitive pedagogical mastery, vicarious experience (specifically simulated modeling), and emotional state were the most influential sources linked to positive changes in self‐efficacy, with cognitive content mastery, and other forms of vicarious experience contributing, but to a lesser degree. These results suggest that teacher preparation programs can better support elementary PTs to teach engineering practices by offering additional methods courses focused on engineering, rather than providing short‐term exposure to engineering practices and pedagogy in overloaded science methods courses.
Literary reflections of early postcolonial English in South Africa
Authors: Bekker Ian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAccording to Schneider's (2003, 2007) dynamic model of the evolution of postcolonial Englishes, the phase of endonormative stabilization is ‘reflected in the emergence of a new and vigorous cultural phenomenon, viz. literary creativity in English, rooted in the new culture and adopting elements of the new language variety’ (Schneider, 2007: 50). In the South African context, endonormative stabilization is dated as beginning with the advent of non‐racial democracy in South Africa (that is, in 1994), linked, according to Schneider (2017: 188), to ‘a broadly based and generally recognized literary creativity, spearheaded by two recent Nobel laureates: Nadine Gordimer in 1991 and J. M. Coetzee in 2003.’ In this paper, this conclusion is challenged by pointing to what Brink (1976: 42) refers to as a ‘vital and viable new literature’ in English which emerged in the first half of the 20th‐century and which often had a striking emphasis on the interrelationship between English and the Afrikaans IDG‐strand; thus constituting a form of postcolonial English which arose well before the examples mentioned by Schneider.
A Lower Limb Exoskeleton Recycling Energy From Knee and Ankle Joints to Assist Push-Off
Authors: Chang Yihua , Wang Weixin , Fu Chenglong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the design and preliminary evaluation of a quasi-passive lower limb exoskeleton for walking efficiency improvements. The exoskeleton recycles the negative work performed by the knee joint in late swing phase and the ankle joint in mid-stance phase, to assist ankle push-off in late-stance phase when a burst of positive power is needed. The exoskeleton consists of a torsion spring as an energy storage element, and two clutches attached to both ends of the spring to control the timing of recycling and releasing energy in a gait cycle. The two clutches are actively controlled by two small servo motors with very low power consumption based on the plantar pressure. The novelty of this exoskeleton is it makes the extra kinetic energy dissipated at the knee joint reusable, by transferring it to the ankle joint to assist positive power generation during push-off, for the first time. Eight male subjects walked with the exoskeleton engaged (EXO_ON), disengaged (EXO_OFF), and without the exoskeleton (NO_EXO). Inverse dynamics analysis demonstrated reduced negative biological work at the knee joint during late swing and at the ankle joint during mid stance, as well as reduced positive biological work at the ankle joint during late stance comparing the EXO_ON to EXO_OFF conditions. These results prove the effectiveness of the exoskeleton at joint level.
Compound Topological Invariant Based Method for Detecting Isomorphism in Planar Kinematic Chains
Authors: Sun Liang , Ye Zhizheng , Cui Rongjiang , Yang Wenjian , Wu Chuanyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn important step in the structural synthesis of kinematic chains (KCs) or mechanisms is the detection of isomorphic structures. Although many detection methods have been proposed, most of them require complex computations and have poor versatility. In this study, a simple detection method is proposed based on a compound topological invariant (CTI), which comprises the fourth power of adjacency matrix and eigenvalues. Besides two complex 15- and 28-link planar simple-joint KCs (PSKCs), the method is tested on the complete atlas of contracted graphs with up to six independent loops, PSKCs with up to 13 links, 8-link 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) planar multiple-joint KCs (PMKCs), and 6-link 1-DOF planetary gear trains (PGTs). All the results are in agreement with the reported results in the literature. Our method possesses good versatility and has been verified as being reliable and efficient.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin following Continuous Infusion in Critically Ill Patients and Impact of Renal Function on Target Attainment
Authors: Klastrup Vibeke , Thorsted Anders , Storgaard Merete , Christensen Steffen , Friberg Lena E. , Öbrink-Hansen Kristina 
Published: April 2020

Pharmacokinetic changes are often seen in patients with severe infections. Administration by continuous infusion has been suggested to optimize antibiotic exposure and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment for β-lactams. In an observational study, unbound piperacillin concentrations (
n
= 196) were assessed in 78 critically ill patients following continuous infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam (ratio 8:1). The initial dose of 8, 12, or 16 g (piperacillin component) was determined by individual creatinine clearance (CRCL).