bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiologic Aspects of Spinal Cord Trauma Cases among Traffic Accident Victims
Authors: De Freitas Silveira Maria Aparecida , Farias Teódulo Palitot Tatiana , Leite Cavalcanti Alessandro , De Souza Abreu Gláucia , Freitas Fernandes Liege Helena , Da Cruz Prates Cibele , Pereira Batista Gabriela , Da Silva Nascimento Priscilla Maria , Batista Tavares Elaine Cristina , Almeida da Silva Marcia Maria 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To describe and analyze characteristics of cases of spinal cord Trauma (SCT) among traffic accident victims admitted to a referral hospital.
Method: Descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study with quantitative approach, developed in the city of Campina Grande, in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. The population consists of 1,884 medical records of patients admitted to hospital after damage caused by traffic accidents from January to December 2016. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting a significance level of 5%.
Results: Among the victims of traffic accidents, there was a male predominance (85.4%). The most affected age group was 21 to 30 years (29%). Accidents involving motorcyclists were predominant (82.9%) and 43 victims (2.3%) suffered spinal injury. Among these ones, there was a prevalence of males (86%), in the age group between 21 and 30 years (35.7%). In 30 cases (69.8%), the victims had spinal injuries. The cervical level (55.8%) was dominant. In addition, 46.7% of the victims were classified as ASIA and there were 9 cases (30%) of paraplegia and 1 case (3.3%) of tetraplegia. A bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between the variable presence of SCT and type of accident (p <0.001), use of cervical collar (p <0.005), injuries in other anatomical regions (p <0.001), surgical treatment (p < 0.001) and outcome of the patient’s situation (p <0.005).
Conclusions: Among the victims of traffic accidents and SCT there was a predominance of males, young individuals and motorcyclists. Keywords: Epidemiology. Traffic-accidents. Public health. Spinal injuries. Spinal cord trauma.
Clouds of Fluffy Aggregates: How They Form in Exoplanetary Atmospheres and Influence Transmission Spectra
Authors: Ohno Kazumasa , Okuzumi Satoshi , Tazaki Ryo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Transmission spectrum surveys have suggested the ubiquity of high-altitude clouds in exoplanetary atmospheres. Theoretical studies have investigated the formation processes of the high-altitude clouds; however, cloud particles have been commonly approximated as compact spheres, which is not always true for solid mineral particles that likely constitute exoplanetary clouds. Here, we investigate how the porosity of cloud particles evolves in exoplanetary atmospheres and influences the clouds' vertical profiles. We first construct a porosity evolution model that takes into account the fractal aggregation and the compression of cloud particle aggregates. Using a cloud microphysical model coupled with the porosity model, we demonstrate that the particle internal density can significantly decrease during the cloud formation. As a result, fluffy-aggregate clouds ascend to an altitude much higher than that assumed for compact-sphere clouds thus far. We also examine how the fluffy-aggregate clouds affect transmission spectra. We find that the clouds largely obscure the molecular features and produce a spectral slope originated by the scattering properties of aggregates. Finally, we compare the synthetic spectra with the observations of GJ1214 b and find that its flat spectrum could be explained if the atmospheric metallicity is sufficiently high (>100× solar) and the monomer size is sufficiently small (r
mon < 1 μm). The high-metallicity atmosphere may offer the clues to explore the past formation process of GJ1214b.
A Transition of Dynamo Modes in M Dwarfs: Narrowing Down the Spectral Range Where the Transition Occurs*
Authors: Mullan D. J. , Houdebine E. R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Houdebine et al. combined Ca ii data with projected rotational velocities (v sin i) to construct rotation-activity correlations (RAC) in K-M dwarfs. The RAC slopes were used to argue that a transition between dynamo modes occurs at a spectral type between M2 and M3. H17 suggested that the dynamo transition corresponds to a transition to complete convection (TTCC). An independent study of GAIA data led Jao et al. to suggest that the TTCC sets in “near M3.0V,” close to the H17 result. However, the changes in a star that cause TTCC signatures in GAIA data might not lead to changes in Ca ii emission at an identical spectral type: the latter are also affected by magnetic effects, which depend on certain properties of convection in the core. Here, we use Ca ii emission fluxes in a sample of ∼600 M dwarfs, and attempt to narrow down the transition from one dynamo mode to another: rather than relying on RAC slopes, we quantify how the Ca ii emission flux varies with spectral type to identify “steps” where the flux decreases significantly across a narrow range of spectral types. We suggest that the dynamo mode transition may be narrowed down to between M2.1 and M2.3. This is close to, but earlier than, the TTCC location identified by Jao et al. We suggest that the transition in dynamo mode may be related to the existence of a small convective core, which occurs for a finite time interval in certain low-mass stars.
Searching for Quasiperiodic Modulations in γ-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Zhang Peng-fei , Yan Da-hai , Zhou Jia-neng , Wang Jian-cheng , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We perform a systematic search of quasiperiodic variabilities in γ-ray active galactic nuclei in the third Fermi Large Area Telescope source catalog (3FGL). We employ two techniques, Lomb–Scargle Periodogram and Weighted Wavelet Z-transform, to obtain power spectra of γ-ray light curves covering from 2008 August to 2016 December. The results show that besides several objects that have been reported in previous works, an additional source, the flat spectrum radio quasars PKS 0601-70 has a possible quasiperiodic variability of 450 days in its γ-ray light curves with the significance of >3σ. The physical implications of our findings are discussed.
Properties of Solar Rossby Waves from Normal Mode Coupling and Characterizing Its Systematics
Authors: Mandal Krishnendu , Hanasoge Shravan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Rossby waves play an important role in mediating the angular momentum of rotating spherical fluids, creating weather on Earth and tuning exoplanet orbits in distant stellar systems. Their recent discovery in the solar convection zone provides an exciting opportunity to appreciate the detailed astrophysics of Rossby waves. Large-scale Rossby waves create subtle drifts in acoustic oscillations in the convection zone, which we measure using helioseismology to image properties of Rossby waves in the interior. We analyze 20 yr of space-based observations, from 1999 to 2018, to measure Rossby-mode frequencies, line widths, and amplitudes. Spatial leakage affects the measurements of normal-mode eigenfunction coupling (which we refer to as “normal-mode coupling” in this paper) and complicates the analysis of separating out specific harmonic degree and azimuthal number of features on the Sun. Here we demonstrate a novel approach to overcome this difficulty and test it by performing synthetic tests. We find that the rms velocity of the modes is of the order of 0.5 m s−1 at the surface.
The Nature of γ-Ray Variability in Blazars
Authors: Bhatta Gopal , Dhital Niraj 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present an in-depth and systematic variability study of a sample of 20 powerful blazars, including 12 BL Lacs and 8 flat-spectrum radio quasars, applying various analysis tools such as flux distribution, symmetry analysis, and time-series analysis on the decade-long Fermi/LAT observations. The results show that blazars with steeper γ-ray spectral indexes are found to be more variable, and the γ-ray flux distribution closely resembles a log-normal probability distribution function. The statistical variability properties of the sources as studied by power spectral density analysis are consistent with flicker noise (P(ν) ∝ 1/ν)—an indication of long-memory processes at work. Statistical analysis of the distribution of flux rise and decay rates in the light curves of the sources, aimed at distinguishing between particle acceleration and energy-dissipation timescales, counterintuitively suggests that both kinds of rates follow a similar distribution and the derived mean variability timescales are on the order of a few weeks. The corresponding emission region size is used to constrain the location of γ-ray production sites in the sources to be a few parsecs. Additionally, using Lomb–Scargle periodogram and weighted wavelet z-transform methods and extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we detected year-timescale quasi-periodic oscillations in the sources S5 0716+714, Mrk 421, ON +325, PKS 1424−418, and PKS 2155−304. The detection significance was computed taking proper account of the red noise and other artifacts inherent in the observations. We explain the results in light of current blazar models with relativistic shocks propagating down the jet viewed close to the line of sight.
Multi-epoch Modeling of TXS 0506+056 and Implications for Long-term High-energy Neutrino Emission
Authors: Petropoulou Maria , Murase Kohta , Santander Marcos , Buson Sara , Tohuvavohu Aaron , Kawamuro Taiki , Vasilopoulos Georgios , Negoro Hiroshi , Ueda Yoshihiro , Siegel Michael H. , Keivani Azadeh , Kawai Nobuyuki , Mastichiadis Apostolos , Dimitrakoudis Stavros 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The IceCube report of a

excess of 13 ± 5 neutrino events in the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 in 2014–2015 and the 2017 detection of a high-energy neutrino event, IceCube-170922A, during a gamma-ray flare from the same blazar, have revived the interest in scenarios for neutrino production in blazars. We perform comprehensive analyses on the long-term electromagnetic emission of TXS 0506+056 using optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray data from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae, the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image, and the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We also perform numerical modeling of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in four epochs prior to 2017 with contemporaneous gamma-ray and lower-energy (optical and/or X-ray) data. We find that the multi-epoch SEDs are consistent with a hybrid leptonic scenario, where the gamma-rays are produced in the blazar zone via external inverse Compton scattering of accelerated electrons, and high-energy neutrinos are produced via the photomeson production process of co-accelerated protons. The multi-epoch SEDs can be satisfactorily explained with the same jet parameters and variable external photon density and electron luminosity. Using the maximal neutrino flux derived for each epoch, we put an upper limit of ∼0.4–2 on the muon neutrino number in 10 years of IceCube observations. Our results are consistent with the IceCube-170922A detection, which can be explained as an upper fluctuation from the average neutrino rate expected from the source, but in strong tension with the 2014–2015 neutrino flare.
Albert of Saxony’s Questions on Meteorology : Introduction, Study of the Manuscript Tradition and Edition of Book I-II. 2
Authors: Panzica Aurora 
Published: March 2020

Cet article présente la première édition critique des Questions sur les Météorologiques d’Albert de Saxe. L’édition, qui couvre le premier et le début du deuxième livre des Questions , est précédée par une introduction historique et philologique. La première partie de cet article étudie les Questions d’Albert de Saxe dans leurs relations avec d’autres Questions sur les Météorologiques rédigées par des maîtres parisiens du xiv e siècle. La deuxième partie contient les descriptions des manuscrits qui transmettent le texte d’Albert et étudie leurs rapports.
Differences in Stress and Challenge in Clinical Practice Among ADN and BSN Students in Varying Clinical Courses
Authors: Oermann Marilyn H , Standfest Karen M 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
There is limited research on student perceptions of their clinical experiences particularly in different clinical courses and settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of stress, challenge, and threat associated with clinical practice experiences among ADN and BSN nursing students enrolled in various clinical courses and settings. The Pagana Clinical Stress Questionnaire was used to assess the clinical experiences of 416 undergraduate nursing students from 10 randomly selected associate degree (ADN) and baccalaureate (BSN) programs in the midwest. Significant differences were found across clinical courses (F[5,3991=9.58, p<.0001) and settings (F[2,386]=4.63,p=.01) in terms of students' stress. Stress was highest for students enrolled in pediatric nursing courses. ANOVA indicated significant differences across clinical courses in the degree of challenge and threat experienced by students. There were no differences in any of the variables studied when students had faculty from the nursing program or preceptors from the clinical setting as their teachers.
Corrosion Behavior of Zinc Covered with Native Oxides Under Thin Solution Films
Authors: Somphotch Chulaluk , Ooi Azusa , Tada Eiji , Nishikata Atsushi 
Published: March 2020

This study clarified the influence of native oxides on the atmospheric corrosion of Zn. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) values of native-oxide-covered Zn were measured under thin solution films of 10 μm to 500 μm in thickness. The native oxides were formed by exposing pure Zn plates to humidified air at two different temperatures, 25°C and 60°C, for the duration of one week. EIS was applied to the native-oxide-covered Zn for measurement under thin solution films; the results were analyzed using a transmission line equivalent circuit to determine the charge-transfer resistance (Rct). The native oxide formed at 25°C strongly suppressed the corrosion rate (1/Rct) of Zn, which was independent of the solution film thickness (Xf). However, the 1/Rct was not reduced by the native oxides formed at 60°C, as it was dependent on Xf. This paper discusses the different behaviors of the native oxides in the context of corrosion protection.
The dead line for oil and gas and implication for fossil resource prediction
Authors: Pang Xiongqi , Jia Chengzao , Zhang Kun , Li Maowen , Wang Youwei , Peng Junwen , Li Boyuan , Chen Junqing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Fossil fuel resources are invaluable to economic growth
and social development. Understanding the formation and distribution of
fossil fuel resources is critical for the search and exploration of them.
Until now, the vertical distribution depth of fossil fuel resources has not
been confirmed due to different understandings of their origins and the
substantial variation in reservoir depths from basin to basin. Geological
and geochemical data of 13 634 source rock samples from 1286 exploration
wells in six representative petroliferous basins were examined to identify
the maximum burial depth of active source rocks in each basin, which is
referred to in this study as the active source rock depth limit (ASDL). Beyond
the ASDL, source rocks no longer generate or expel hydrocarbons and become
inactive. Therefore, the ASDL also sets the maximum depth for fossil fuel
resources. The ASDLs of basins around the world are found to range from 3000 to 16 000 m, while
the thermal maturities (Ro) of source rocks at the
ASDLs are almost the same, with Ro ≈3.5±0.5 %. The Ro of
3.5 % can be regarded as a general criterion to identify ASDLs. High heat
flow and more oil-prone kerogen are associated with shallow ASDLs. In
addition, tectonic uplift of source rocks can significantly affect ASDLs;
21.6 billion tons of reserves in six representative basins in China and
52 926 documented oil and gas reservoirs in 1186 basins around the world are
all located above ASDLs, demonstrating the universal presence of ASDLs in
petroliferous basins and their control on the vertical distribution of
fossil fuel resources. The data used in this study are deposited in the
repository of the PANGAEA database at: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.900865 (Pang et al., 2019).
Cross Sectional Study to Assess Knowledge about Health Effect of Tobacco Use & Tobacco User’s Quitting Attitude among Rural Senior Citizens
Authors: Ibrahim Tarique , Bhujade Rashmi , Wanjpe Arun Kumar , Chouhan Dharampal singh 
Published: March 2020

Background Phenomenon of “population graying” became a matter of apprehension for stake holders today. Exposure to various insecurities has made Senior citizens’s life more difficult. Health issues & co-morbidities are major concern in this age. Tobacco use is one of the major risk factor for many diseases.
Methodology-Cross sectional community based study was conducted on 500 senior citizens of a block of rural field practice area of a teaching hospital with the objectives of to assess the awareness about health effects of tobacco & quitting attitude among tobacco users. Data was collected with the help of proforma & analyzed with the help of spss -20.Chi square test was applied for showing significant association.
Results- Prevalence of awareness regarding health effect of tobacco use was found to be 56.6%.Knowledge of health effects of smoking was significantly associated with age, sex, religion, marital status, literacy & occupation. Prevalence of positive quitting attitude was found to be 35.4%.Positive quitting attitude was significantly associated with gender, literacy, occupation, knowledge regarding health effect of tobacco use & type of tobacco use.
Conclusion –Knowledge about health effect of tobacco use was found to be significantly associated with positive quitting attitude. In order to make aging healthy, deliberate sensitization & effective public action plans are needed that can alter the adverse consequences of graying.
Les paradoxes identitaires des hipsters : quelles stratégies pour les marques ?
Authors: Tesio Pauline , Kessous Aurélie , de Barnier Virginie 
Published: March 2020

Cet article vise à décrypter les paradoxes identitaires des contre-cultures postmodernes afin qu’ils soient compris et utilisables par les marques. Considérant comme terrain de recherche la contre-culture hipster , il tente de répondre à la problématique suivante : comment les marques traduisent-elles les paradoxes identitaires des contre-cultures en leviers d’action marketing ? Une étude qualitative par entretiens permet d’appréhender le décalage entre la façon dont les hipsters se perçoivent et celle dont ils sont perçus via 6 oppositions : 1. Absence de catégorisation vs membres d’une communauté ; 2. Marginaux vs bourgeois ; 3. Avant-gardistes vs trendy ; 4. Libres vs prisonniers de leurs codes ; 5. Autodidactes vs apprentis ; 6. Passionnés vs indifférents. De ces oppositions découlent des recommandations managériales à destination des marques souhaitant cibler ce profil de consommateurs et plus globalement, les adeptes des contre-cultures de consommation.
« L’histoire est là, et il faut la digérer … il faut "la rendre conte" » : réflexions autour de la mise en fiction de l’histoire dans le roman postcolonial
Authors: Mbondobari Sylvère 
Published: March 2020

L’une des conséquences des lois mémorielles de 2001 et de 2005 en France fut une réflexion à propos des conditions de possibilité d’une écriture croisée de l’histoire des conquêtes coloniales en Afrique francophone. Le présent article propose dans une première partie une étude des modalités d’inscription de l’histoire coloniale dans LeRoi de Kahel et de Le Terroriste noir de Tierno Monénembo à partir des notions de « conte » et de « rendre compte » des évènements du passé. La seconde partie porte sur Madagascar, 1947 où l’écrivain malgache Jean-Luc Raharimanana mène une réflexion sur les modalités d’une réappropriation de l’histoire coloniale au nom du devoir de mémoire.
Comment les recherches en didactique de l’histoire construisent-elles l’élève ?
Authors: Tutiaux Guillon Nicole 
Published: March 2020

En didactique de l’histoire, le processus de construction de l’élève reste implicite. Cet article en vise une explicitation et une réflexion sur les catégorisations à l’oeuvre à partir d’une analyse textuelle de 89 publications (1991-2018). Sur le modèle de la contribution de Daunay et Fluckiger (2011), les discours ont été classés selon trois catégories : sujet scolaire, sujet épistémique, sujet social, complétées de celle du sujet politique. Dans le corpus analysé apparait nettement la dominante du sujet épistémique, construit plus ou moins en contraste avec le sujet scolaire, en connexion au sujet politique et influençant la façon dont est envisagé le sujet social. Rien d’étonnant à cela pour des recherches en didactique, centrées sur la discipline, mais cette construction se fait aux dépens de certains questionnements, mentionnés dans le fil de cet article.
Usages et représentations des tablettes dans les foyers et à l’école : quelle continuité?
Authors: Azaoui Brahim , Combe Christelle , Cappellini Marco 
Published: March 2020

Dans notre étude, nous nous intéressons aux représentations et aux usages rapportés des tablettes numériques dans les sphères privées et pédagogiques de la part de trois groupes d’acteurs d’un collège français : les parents d’élèves, les élèves/enfants et les enseignants de langues. Dans une approche systémique, que nous comparons à l’approche sociocritique, nous analysons ces représentations et ces usages et cherchons à comprendre quelles dynamiques traversent les deux sphères afin de comprendre quelles sont les continuités et les discontinuités de la perception des groupes d’acteurs. Nos analyses montrent entre autres des continuités concernant la perception de l’intégration des tablettes comme facteur de motivation ou encore des questionnements quant à la formation nécessaire pour une utilisation efficace de ces outils. Nous discutons ces résultats et développons des réflexions des continuités et discontinuités observées.
The ABC method as a tool for blended learning course development at Bergen University Library
Authors: Steiner Pål , Rødland Ingunn , Langseth Henry , Hansen Christian Højberg 
Published: March 2020

Embarking on planning and design of new library courses, or just even redesigning them, might be challenging in an everyday busy schedule. Especially if you want to try out new digital applications or features that could give the training an edge towards students, often prejudiced to what they can expect from a traditional library course. Ideally you engage colleagues and even students and faculty members in such a process. But how can you allocate enough time and resources to reach such ambitions?
The ABC method, developed at University College London, is an effective, engaging and creative approach. In only 90 minutes groups are able to work together hands-on to create a visual storyboard outlining the type and sequence of learning activities aligned with the course’s learning outcomes. Blended learning and co-creation are often encouraged in course design in many educational institutions these days. The ABC method encourage also library instructors to think about e-learning tools, methods for active learning and opportunities for co-creation.
Library courses, in difference from regular courses at universities, if often taught as a “one-shot-session”, and they rarely include formal evaluations. We therefore felt the need to adapt the method to better suit these circumstances. We adjusted both agenda and material, but all ideas and principles follow the original method. Evaluation showed good feedback regarding the proportion of participants who intended to change their course design after attending the workshop.
This session will present the basic principles of the ABC-method and our experiences working with this approach to blended course planning.
(Alternative if workshop: This workshop will give let you plan and design elements of a given course, utilizing the tools and methods of the ABC method.)