bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
Authors: Пальцын А.А. 
Published: December 2020

Сегодня нейротрофический фактор мозга (BDNF) - вещество очень популярное. Большой интерес к белку объясняется его участием в важнейших для жизни и здоровья процессах: нервной регуляции, углеводном и липидном обмене, адаптации к физическим нагрузкам. Вещество участвует в регуляции эффективности профилактических и лечебных процедур, эмоционального состояния, стрессоустойчивости, нейропластичности, нейрогенеза. BDNF - главный регулятор действия самого универсального и, часто, самого эффективного лечебного средства - физических нагрузок. Следовательно, он становится веществом первостепенного значения в одной из самых актуальных проблем современной медицины - профилактике и лечении гипертонической болезни. Кроме гипотензивного действия, доказана эффективность BDNF при обусловленных гипертонией когнитивных нарушениях, шизофрении, дефектах памяти, эмоциональных расстройствах.
Today, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a very popular substance. The high interest to this protein is due to its participation in key processes for life and health, including nervous regulation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and exercise capacity. BDNF regulates preventive and therapeutic efficacy of exercise, emotional state, stress resistance, neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis. BDNF determines the action of the most universal and often the most effective therapeutic means, physical exercise. Therefore, BDNF appears to be the substance of primary importance for a burning issue of current medicine, prevention and treatment of hypertension. In addition to its hypotensive effect, BDNF has proved to be beneficial in hypertension-induced cognitive decline, schizophrenia, memory impairment, and emotional disorders.
Neurotransmitter systems of female mouse brain during growth of malignant melanoma modeled on the background of chronic pain
Authors: Кит О.И. , Котиева И.М. , Франциянц Е.М. , Каплиева И.В. , Трепитаки Л.К. , Бандовкина В.А. , Черярина Н.Д. , Погорелова Ю.А. , Бликян М.В. 
Published: December 2020

Известно, что биогенные амины (БА) участвуют в злокачественном росте, их уровень изменяется в ЦНС при болевом воздействии, однако исследований о сочетанном влиянии хронической боли (ХБ) и онкопатологии на динамику БА в головном мозге не проводилось. Цель: изучить особенности баланса БА в коре головного мозга в динамике роста меланомы, воспроизведенной на фоне ХБ. Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на 64 мышах-самках, весом 21-22 г. Животным основной группы меланому В16/F10 перевивали под кожу спины через 2 недели после перевязки седалищных нервов. Группой сравнения служили мыши с меланомой без боли. Уровни БА: адреналина, норадреналина, дофамина (ДА), серотонина (5-НТ), гистамина, а также 5-ОИУК определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. У мышей с ХБ уменьшается содержание большинства БА, однако уровень ДА не изменяется. Метаболизм 5-НТ происходит с участием МАО. Развитие меланомы сопровождается увеличением содержания ДА и 5-НТ, тогда как МАО - ингибируется. Направленность сдвигов БА при развитии меланомы на фоне ХБ оказалась практически такой же, как и без неё. В то же время ХБ ограничивает накопление 5-НТ в коре мозга при меланоме, что сопровождается более агрессивным её течением. Выводы. ХБ ограничивает включение стресс-лимитирующих механизмов в головном мозге при развитии меланомы у мышей, что приводит к более агрессивному течению злокачественного процесса.
Biogenic amines (BA) are known to be involved in malignant growth, and their CNS levels change in pain; however, there are no studies of combined effects of chronic pain (CP) and cancer on BA dynamics in the brain. Aim: To study features of BA balance in the cerebral cortex during melanoma growth associated with CP. Material and methods. The study included 64 female mice weighing 21-22 g. In the main groups, B16/F10 melanoma was transplanted under the skin of the back two weeks following sciatic nerve ligation. Mice with melanoma without pain were used as the control. Concentrations of BA: adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), histamine and 5-HIAA were measured with ELISA. Results. Concentrations of BAs decreased in mice with CP although DA levels did not change. 5-HT metabolism involved MAO. The development of melanoma was accompanied by increases in DA and 5-HT whereas MAO was inhibited. The direction of BA changes during the development of melanoma was the same with and without CP. At the same time, CP with melanoma limited accumulation of 5-HT in the cerebral cortex, which resulted in even more aggressive course of cancer. Conclusion. CP restricted the activation of cerebral stress-limiting mechanisms during the development of melanoma in mice, which resulted in a more aggressive course of disease.
PENGGUNAAN EJAAN DALAM PERUMUSAN PERATURAN DAERAH NUSA TENGGARA BARAT The Use of Spelling in West Nusa Tenggara Rules Pattern
Authors: Kasman Kasman 
Published: December 2020

AbstrakBahasa Indonesia adalah bahasa negara dan bahasa persatuan. Munculnya varian baru yang mengancam kelestarian bahasa Indonesia menjadi alasan dilakukannya penelitian ini. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk kesalahan ejaan dalam Perumusan Peraturan Daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pustaka sedangkan metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode komparatif. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan ejaan yang terdapat dalam perumusan Peraturan Daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat digolongkan ke dalam tiga jenis, yakni: (1) kesalahan penggunaan huruf kapital; (2) kesalahan penggunaan tanda koma; dan (3) kesalahan penggunaan tanda titik dua.Kata-kata kunci: bahasa Indonesia, ragam hukum, kesalahan, ejaan, kapital, dan tanda baca AbstractIndonesian language is official state language and the language of national unity. Theemergence of a new variant that threatens the preservation of Indonesian is the reason for this research. One of the varieties that threatens the maintenance of Indonesian grammatical rules is legal language style. To see how it is different from other varieties, researcher tries to do a research on Indonesian grammatical rule, especially spelling used in legal style. Data source is West Nusa Tenggara Rules Pattern on the Development and Protection of Local Languages and Local Literatures and therefore, the purpose of the study is describe the spelling errors found the rules pattern. Method used to collect data is library method. While analysis method used is comparative method. Result of the analysis shows that there are three spelling errors found in West Nusa Tenggara Rules Pattern on the Development and Protection of Local Languages and Local Literatures. The three errors are (1) capitalization and (2) punctuation, covered comma, and (3) colon.Keywords: Indonesian language, legal style, errors, spelling, capitalization and punctuation.
Aspek Penguasaan Kosakata Bahasa Indonesia oleh Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kota Medan
Authors: Kurniawati Wati , Karsana Deni 
Published: December 2020

The first step in this research is the always dominant the noun aspect in mastering Indonesian vocabulary. The focus in this study is how the control of Indonesian vocabulary in grade 5 SD students in Medan City. There are two sub-focusses in this study: (1) what is the level of qualification and (2) aspects of Indonesian vocabulary mastery by grade 5 elementary school students. This study aims to identify control of Indonesian vocabulary by grade 5 elementary school students based on the level of qualification and aspects of Indonesian vocabulary mastery. The method used is the case study method. The population in this study were elementary school students. The sample in this study were students of grade 5 elementary school accredited A and C in Medan City who were respondents. The findings of this study were the mastery of Indonesian vocabulary by elementary students in Medan City on a good scale, namely 78%. The mastery of Indonesian vocabulary in the noun aspect that was first recognized by the students did not show the dominant aspect in this study, but the adjective aspect. AbstrakAspek nomina dalam penguasaan kosakata bahasa Indonesia (BI) selalu dominan yang menjadi langkah awal penelitian ini. Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah penguasaan kosakata BI oleh siswa kelas 5 SD di Kota Medan. Ada dua subfokus dalam penelitian ini, yaitu bagaimana tingkat kualifikasi dan aspek penguasaan kosakata bahasa Indonesia oleh siswa kelas 5 SD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penguasaan kosakata BI oleh siswa kelas 5 SD berdasarkan (1) tingkat kualifikasi dan (2) aspek penguasaan kosakata BI. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode studi kasus. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SD. Sampel dalam penelitian ini ialah siswa kelas 5 SD yang berakreditasi A dan C di Kota Medan yang menjadi responden. Temuan penelitian ini ialah penguasaan kosakata BI oleh siswa SD di Kota Medan pada skala baik, yaitu 78%. Penguasaan kosakata BI aspek nomina yang pertama dikenal siswa tidak menunjukkan yang dominan dalam penelitian ini, tetapi aspek adjektiva.
POWER AND DOMINANCE: A MODALITY ANALYSIS OF PRABOWO SUBIANTO’S NATIONAL ADDRESS ‘INDONESIA WINS’
Authors: Chaerunnisah Indah Utami 
Published: December 2020

This study examines Prabowo’s speech during the first national address of the 2019 pre-election campaign. It aims at revealing the types of modality, modal value, and modal responsibility employed in the speech, and describing how the choice of modality reflects Prabowo’s attitude and strategy to win the 2019 presidential election. This study is qualitative research that applies Halliday’s theory of modality in systemic functional grammar. The results reveal that 1) he used modulation inclination frequently to show his determination to help people, 2) the dominant use of median modal value in inclination reveals that rather than determined he is just keen to help, the domination of high modal value in obligation signified that he believes he has the power to make people follow his instruction, and the frequent use of low modal value in probability indicated that he is not certain about the information he shares, 3) the domination of subjective implicit subject shows that Prabowo tend to emphasize his dominance and superiority in the communication process, and he strongly believes that he can realize all his promises when he becomes the president and he is ready to take responsibility if he cannot.Penelitian ini menganalisis pidato kebangsaan Prabowo Subianto dalam kampanye pra-pemilu 2019. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan tipe-tipe modality, modal value dan modal responsibility yang dipakai Prabowo dalam pidato tersebut, dan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pilihan modality tersebut merefleksikan sikap dan strategi Prabowo dalam visi misinya untuk memenangkan pemilu 2019. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dan menggunakan teori modality dalam Systemic Functional Grammar oleh Halliday. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Prabowo menggunakan modulation inclination untuk menunjukkan tekad membantu rakyat dan membawa Indonesia kearah yang lebih baik, 2) dominasi penggunaan modal berskala medium keinginan (inclination) menunjukkan bahwa Prabowo hanya berkeinginan untuk membantu negara, tidak sampai tahap bertekad, dominasi penggunaan modal berskala tinggi dalam tipe kewajiban (obligation) menunjukkan kepercayaan diri Prabowo bahwa ia memiliki kekuasaan untuk membuat pendukungnya menuruti perintahnya, dominasi penggunaan modal berskala rendah dalam tipe kemungkinan (probability) menunjukkan bahwa Prabowo tidak terlalu yakin akan informasi yang ia bagikan dalam pidatonya, 3) dominasi penggunaan subjek implisit subjektif menunjukkan bahwa Prabowo cenderung menggunakan gaya komunikasi dimana dia menjadi pihak yang dominan dan superior, dan ia sangat percaya ia dapat menepati semua janjinya saat ia terpilih dan siap menghadapi konsekuensinya jika tidak dapat menepati janji-janji tersebut.
TEKS “NAH INI DIA” DI POSTKOTA NEWS: KAJIAN PADA STRUKTUR DAN GAYA BAHASA
Authors: Sukesti Restu 
Published: December 2020

This study is a discourse analysis of the "Nah Ini Dia" text, the daily text uploaded on online Poskota News. The text is a news text reported a household problem containing "infidelity or the existence of a third party". This study uses a qualitative descriptive discourse analysis approach. The discourse structure, the language style, and the pragmatic aspects are discussed in this study. In data collection, the recording method is used, in the analysis micro text and macro text analysis methods are used. Micro-text is used to analyze the language style of vocabulary and sentence; macro-text is used to analyze the text discourse structure and the text pragmatic aspects. The research findings are as follows. The schematic structure of the text is the opening of the text (the main/summary of the story, an overview), the content of the text (the beginning of the story, the beginning of the conflict, the peak of the conflict, the climax of the story), and the closing (the author's comments). The language style of the text "Nah Ini Dia" is humorous that makes the stories that are reported neat, interesting, and funny. In fact, the sense of humor that arise can close the irony in it. For this reason, it seems that the humor has become the icon for the text "Nah Ini Dia". The pragmatic aspect of the text "Nah Ini Dia" is the social satire (disputes and hostility between humans) on events that occur in the household, as the smallest form of social society.Kajian ini merupakan analisis wacana pada teks “Nah Ini Dia”, teks muat harian yang terdapat pada Poskota News berbasis daring. Teks tersebut merupakan teks berita dengan yang memberitakan kisah masalah rumah tangga yang berbau “perselingkuhan atau adanya pihak ketiga”. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis wacana secara deskriptif kualitatif. Yang dikaji ialah struktur wacana, gaya bahasa, dan aspek pragmatik pada teks tersebut. Dalam pengambilan data digunakan metode catat, dalam penganalisisan digunakan metode analisis mikroteks dan makroteks. Mikroteks digunakan untuk menganalisis gaya bahasa kosakata dan kalimat; makroteks digunakan untuk menganalisis struktur wacana teks dan aspek pragmatik teks. Hasil kajiannya ialah sebagai berikut. Skema struktur teks ialah pembuka teks (inti/ringkasan berita cerita, gambaran umum), isi teks (awal cerita, awal konflik, puncak konflik, klimaks cerita), dan penutup (komentar penulis). Gaya bahasa teks “Nah Ini Dia” ialah gaya kejenakaan yang menjadikan cerita yang diberitakan itu apik, menarik, dan lucu. Bahkan, kejenakaan yang timbul mampu menutup cerita ironi di dalamnya. Untuk itu, tampaknya kejenakaan itu yang menjadi ikon teks “Nah Ini Dia”. Aspek pragmatik yang ditimbulkan dari teks “Nah Ini Dia” ialah sindiran sosial (pertikaian dan permusuhan antarmanusia) atas peristiwa yang terjadi di rumah tangga, sebagai bentuk masyarakat sosial terkecil.
pensamiento ecológico
Authors: Gómez S´ánchez Ruth , Álava Roberto , Spratt Mary , Riechmann Jorge 
Published: December 2020

Reseña de: Timothy Morton: El pensamiento ecológico (trad. Fernando Borrajo). Barcelona: Paidós, 2018. 205 pp.
“La ecología equivale a menos Naturaleza y a más conciencia”. Tal sería la propuesta del filósofo Timothy Morton (Londres, 1968) en esta obra. El pensamiento ecológico es un ensayo ecléctico donde se nos presenta una forma ecológica de pensar, que no tiene tanto que ver con la ciencia como con las humanidades. La clave del pensamiento ecológico según Morton es precisamente ésta: su ramificación y diversidad. Parte de la consideración de que todos los seres están conectados entre sí en una “malla” (the mesh); como nada existe por sí mismo, nada es plenamente “sí mismo”. Lo que contemplamos es una inmensidad de diferencias infinitesimales, que nos requerirá “pensar a lo grande” (así se titula el capítulo 1 de la obra). De la mano del arte, la filosofía, la literatura, la música y la cultura popular, el autor intenta trazar en tres capítulos una nueva estética ecológica: la ecología oscura (dark ecology, noción que da título a una obra anterior de Morton en 2018), un pensamiento capaz de expresar la ironía y la incertidumbre en la que nos sitúa la ecología mortoniana.
¿El retorno de la larga duración?: reflexiones desde Latinoamérica a partir del “History Manifesto of Cambridge”
Authors: Aceituno Silva David  , Iglesias Segura Ricardo  
Published: December 2020

Resumen
Los historiadores que impulsan el reciente debate sobre “el Manifiesto de Cambridge sobre la historia” han postulado el surgimiento de una crisis en nuestra disciplina, pero también algunos caminos para resolverla. Las reflexiones que planteamos en este artículo examinan críticamente los postulados del Manifiesto desde una mirada latinoamericana. Se pretende examinar aquellos aspectos que aparecen más débiles, pero también destacar las reflexiones que podrían abrir nuevos análisis sobre la historia y su pensamiento que nos ayude a superar la contingencia o las propias demandas que las humanidades plantean en la actualidad.
Palabras Claves
Usos de la Historia, cortoplacismo, larga duración, Manifiesto, Latinoamérica
Abstract
Historians, who have promoted the recent debate on “the History Manifesto of Cambridge”, have postulated the emergence of a crisis in our discipline, albeit they have offered ways out to solve too. The reflections we propose in this article are, therefore, addressed to critically analyzing the Manifesto’s suggestions from a Latin American standpoint. We shall highlight those aspects that appear to be weakest, but also those reflections that can open up new analysis on history and its thinking, which helps us overcome the contingency or demands Humanities are posing today.
Key words
Uses of History, short-term, Manifesto, long-term, Latin America
Lluís Pericot y la civilización sumeria
Authors: Vidal Jordi 
Published: December 2020

Resumen
En el presente artículo presentamos un trabajo inédito del arqueólogo e historiador español Lluís Pericot García sobre los sumerios, escrito en 1917. En dicho trabajo Pericot esbozó la que iba a ser su interpretación canónica acerca de las características de la civilización sumeria: origen dravídico, interés por el desarrollo político de las ciudades-estado sumerias durante el III milenio a.n.e., prioridad cultural sumeria en el ámbito del Próximo Oriente Antiguo. Como se comprobará a lo largo del artículo, esas tres constantes planteadas en 1917 se repitieron en todas las aproximaciones posteriores de Pericot sobre ese tema.
Palabras Claves
Bosch Gimpera, drávidas, semitas, Orientalística Antigua.

Abstract
In this article we examine an unpublished work by the Spanish archaeologist and historian Lluís Pericot García on the Sumerians written in 1917. In that work, Pericot outlined what was to be his canonical interpretation of the main features of the Sumerian civilization, that is, Dravidian origins, political development of the Sumerian city-states during the III millennium BC, and Sumerian cultural priority in the Ancient Near East. As will be verified throughout the article, these three aspects pointed out in 1917 were reproduced in all of Pericot’s later approaches on that subject.
Key words
Bosch Gimpera, Dravidian people, Semites, Ancient Near Eastern Studies.
Assessment of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources for the Charging Infrastructure of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Gorbunova A. D. , Anisimov I. A. 
Published: December 2020

Application of renewable energy sources is a relevant area of energy supply for urban infrastructure. In 2019, the share of energy produced by such sources reached 11% (for solar energy) and 22% (for wind energy) of the total energy produced during the year. However, these systems require an improvement in their efficiency that can be achieved by introducing electric vehicles. They can accumulate, store and transfer surplus energy to the city’s power grid. A solution to this problem is a smart charging infrastructure. The existing studies in the field of charging infrastructure organization for electric vehicles consider only models locating charging stations in the city or the calculation of their required number. These calculations are based on socio-economic factors and images of a potential owner of an electric vehicle. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a methodology for determining the location of charging stations and their required number. The calculation will include the operating features of the existing charging infrastructure, which has not been done before. Thus, the purpose of this article is to research the operation of the existing charging infrastructure. This will provide an opportunity to develop approaches to the energy supply of charging infrastructure and city’s power grid from renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of data on the number of charging sessions during the year, month and day. This data enable us to construct curves of the charging session number and suggest ways to conduct the next stages of this study. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2020-01251 Full Text: PDF
EFFECTIVENESS OF USING LANGUAGE LABORATORY IN TEACHING ENGLISH AMONG VII STANDARD STUDENTS IN COIMBATORE DISTRICT
Authors: Mercy M. 
Published: December 2020

The present study is an attempt to study the effectiveness of using language laboratory in Teaching English among VII standard students in Coimbatore District. The sample consist of 64 students was taken up for the present study. Experimental method was used for the study. Collected data were analyzed. It is found that there is a significant means score difference between pre-test and post-test among the students. It proved that language laboratory supported positively when compared to traditional method. Teaching English through Language Laboratory is one of the appropriate and effective methods for teaching English.
The Influence of Back Gate Bias on the OCTO SOI MOSFET’s Response to X-ray Radiation
Authors: Fino Leonardo N. de S. , Guazzelli Marcilei A. , Renaux Christian , Flandre Denis , Gimenez Salvador P. 
Published: December 2020

This work investigates the X-ray irradiation impact on the performance of an on-conventional transistor called OCTO SOI MOSFET that adopts an octagonal gate shape instead of a rectangular. The electrical behaviors of both devices were studied through an experimental comparative analysis of the total ionizing dose influence. In addition, the back-gate bias technique was applied in these devices to reestablish its threshold voltages and drain currents conditions that were degraded due the trapping of positive charges in the buried oxide. As the main finding of this work, after the irradiation procedure, we notice that the OCTO device is capable to reestablish its pre-rad electrical behavior with a smaller back gate bias than the one observed in the standard one counterpart. This is mainly because the parasitic transistors in the bird’s beak region are practically deactivated due the particular octagonal gate geometry.