bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choice and prohibition in non-monotonic contexts
Authors: Gotzner Nicole , Romoli Jacopo , Santorio Paolo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDisjunctions in the scope of possibility modals give rise to a conjunctive inference, generally referred to as ‘free choice.’ For example,Emma can take Spanish or Calculussuggests that Emma can take Spanish and can take Calculus. This inference is not valid on standard semantics for modals in combination with a Boolean semantics for disjunction. Hence free choice has sparked a whole industry of theories in philosophy of language and semantics. This paper investigates free choice in sentences involving a non-monotonic modified numeral, under which we embed a possibility modal scoping over disjunction. One example isExactly one student can(not) take Spanish or Calculus. As we point out, the presence (or absence) of certain readings of these sentences is a key test for a prominent approach, which analyzes free choice as a kind of scalar implicature. We report on two experiments investigating the readings of such sentences, using an inferential task. Our results are challenging for the implicature approach. We sketch two possible solutions within this approach, either adopting a different recent implicature algorithm, or exploring a different meaning for modified numerals withexactly. Both of them suffer from a variety of problems. We then discuss a third solution, which exploits a recent account of free choice based on homogeneity. This approach can account for our results, in combination with plausible assumptions about homogeneity projection, though it too has open issues with related cases. Regardless of which solution is chosen, non-monotonic contexts turn out to be an important test case for theories of free choice, implicature, and modified numerals.
AtDRO1 is nuclear localized in root tips under native conditions and impacts auxin localization
Authors: Waite Jessica M. , Collum Tamara D. , Dardick Chris 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) contributes to the downward gravitropic growth trajectory of roots upstream of lateral auxin transport in monocots and dicots. Loss of DRO1 function leads to horizontally oriented lateral roots and altered gravitropic set point angle, while loss of all three DRO family members results in upward, vertical root growth. Here, we attempt to dissect the roles of AtDRO1 by analyzing expression, protein localization, auxin gradient formation, and auxin responsiveness in the atdro1 mutant. Current evidence suggests AtDRO1 is predominantly a membrane-localized protein. Here we show that VENUS-tagged AtDRO1 driven by the native AtDRO1 promoter complemented an atdro1 Arabidopsis mutant and the protein was localized in root tips and detectable in nuclei. atdro1 primary and lateral roots showed impairment in establishing an auxin gradient upon gravistimulation as visualized with DII-VENUS, a sensor for auxin signaling and proxy for relative auxin distribution. Additionally, PIN3 domain localization was not significantly altered upon gravistimulation in atdro1 primary and lateral roots. RNA-sequencing revealed differential expression of known root development-related genes in atdro1 mutants. atdro1 lateral roots were able to respond to exogenous auxin and AtDRO1 gene expression levels in root tips were unaffected by the addition of auxin. Collectively, the data suggest that nuclear localization may be important for AtDRO1 function and suggests a more nuanced role for DRO1 in regulating auxin-mediated changes in lateral branch angle.

Key message
DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) when expressed from its native promoter is predominately localized in Arabidopsis root tips, detectable in nuclei, and impacts auxin gradient formation.
Joint models with multiple longitudinal outcomes and a time-to-event outcome: a corrected two-stage approach
Authors: Mauff Katya , Steyerberg Ewout , Kardys Isabella , Boersma Eric , Rizopoulos Dimitris 
Published: March 2020

AbstractJoint models for longitudinal and survival data have gained a lot of attention in recent years, with the development of myriad extensions to the basic model, including those which allow for multivariate longitudinal data, competing risks and recurrent events. Several software packages are now also available for their implementation. Although mathematically straightforward, the inclusion of multiple longitudinal outcomes in the joint model remains computationally difficult due to the large number of random effects required, which hampers the practical application of this extension. We present a novel approach that enables the fitting of such models with more realistic computational times. The idea behind the approach is to split the estimation of the joint model in two steps: estimating a multivariate mixed model for the longitudinal outcomes and then using the output from this model to fit the survival submodel. So-called two-stage approaches have previously been proposed and shown to be biased. Our approach differs from the standard version, in that we additionally propose the application of a correction factor, adjusting the estimates obtained such that they more closely resemble those we would expect to find with the multivariate joint model. This correction is based on importance sampling ideas. Simulation studies show that this corrected two-stage approach works satisfactorily, eliminating the bias while maintaining substantial improvement in computational time, even in more difficult settings.
Industrial Gear Oils: Influence of Bulk Oil Temperature and Contact Pressure on Tribological Performance and Subsurface Changes
Authors: Adebogun Aduragbemi , Hudson Robert , Matthews Allan , Withers Philip J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the influence of oil temperature and contact pressure on the tribological performance of three industrial gear oils but also on the corresponding changes taking place beneath the metal surfaces in contact. The result shows that increase in the oil temperature and contact pressure increases surface–additive interaction, promoting the formation of low-friction tribofilms. Subsurface characterisation of the worn surfaces shows that higher oil temperature and contact pressure promotes surface hardening of spheroidised AISI 52100 steel, degradation of the near-surface (< 0.8 µm) microstructural integrity and corresponds to an increase in wear. This study clearly shows that the gear oil formulations and the tribofilms they form uniquely influence the extent of subsurface deformation and wear.
An artificial Wicksell–Keynes economy integrating short-run business cycle and long-term cumulative trend
Authors: Takahashi Ichiro , Okada Isamu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEconomists have investigated how price–wage rigidity influences macroeconomic stability. A widely accepted view asserts that increased rigidity destabilizes an economy by requiring a larger quantity adjustment. In contrast, theOld Keynesian viewregards nominal rigidity as a stabilizing factor, because it reduces fluctuations in income and thus aggregate demand. To examine whether price–wage stickiness is stabilizing or destabilizing, we build an agent-based Wicksell–Keynes macroeconomic model, which is completely closed and absolutely free from any external shocks, including policy interventions. In the model, firms setting prices and wages make both employment and investment decisions under demand constraints, while a fractional-reserve banking sector sets the interest rate and provides the firms with investment funds. As investment involves a gestation period, it is conducive to overproduction, thereby causing alternateseller’sandbuyer’smarkets. In the baseline simulation, a stable economy emerges with short-run business cycles and long-run fluctuations. One unique feature of the economy is its remarkable resilience: When afflicted by persistent deflation, it often manages to reverse the deflationary spiral and get back on a growth track, ultimately achieving full or nearly full employment. The virtual experiments demonstrate that prices and wages must both be moderately rigid to ensure long-run stability. The key stabilizing mechanism is a recurring demand-sufficient economy, in which firms are allowed to increase employment while simultaneously cutting real wages.
Stain capacity of three fungi on two fast-growing wood
Authors: Song Taize , Cheng Fangchao , Sun Jianping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigated the stain of fast-growing wood (Cunninghamia lanceolate, CL; Paulownia, PT) inoculated with three fungi (Arthrinium phaeospermum, AP; Vibrio anguillarum, VA; Aspergillacea, AS) to explore the new wood dyeing ways and the better combination of wood and fungi for dyeing. Only AP could dye on CL and PT. Especially for CL, its percentage of internal spalting, percentage of external spalting and dyeing depth were the highest (48%, 15% and 5.06 mm, respectively). Surprisingly, the bigger weight loss occurs on PT. The results showed that the dyeing effect of AP dyeing CL was the best, and the wood color change was obviously (Orange to dark red). AP could produce more pigments than the other two fungi (VA; AS), CL was more suitable for fungus staining than PT, indicating that AP could offered a new potential market and a chance for areas to earning higher income for CL. This research paves the way for improving color change was obviously (Orange to dark red). AP could produce more pigments than the other two fungi (VA; AS), CL was more suitable for fungus staining than PT, indicating that AP could offer a new potential market and a chance for areas to earn higher income for CL.
Erratum: De impact van genetisch onderzoek: een familiegeschiedenis
Authors: Ligtenberg Deborah M. 
Published: March 2020

Abusievelijk zijn in het artikel ‘De impact van genetisch onderzoek: een familiegeschiedenis’ van Deborah M. Ligtenberg fouten geslopen in de stamboom. De juiste stamboom treft u in dit erratum aan (fig. 1).
A High-Capacity Ammonium Vanadate Cathode for Zinc-Ion Battery
Authors: Li Qifei , Rui Xianhong , Chen Dong , Feng Yuezhan , Xiao Ni , Gan Liyong , Zhang Qi , Yu Yan , Huang Shaoming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGiven the advantages of being abundant in resources, environmental benign and highly safe, rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) enter the global spotlight for their potential utilization in large-scale energy storage. Despite their preliminary success, zinc-ion storage that is able to deliver capacity > 400 mAh g−1 remains a great challenge. Here, we demonstrate the viability of NH4V4O10 (NVO) as high-capacity cathode that breaks through the bottleneck of ZIBs in limited capacity. The first-principles calculations reveal that layered NVO is a good host to provide fast Zn2+ ions diffusion channel along its [010] direction in the interlayer space. On the other hand, to further enhance Zn2+ ion intercalation kinetics and long-term cycling stability, a three-dimensional (3D) flower-like architecture that is self-assembled by NVO nanobelts (3D-NVO) is rationally designed and fabricated through a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. As a result, such 3D-NVO cathode possesses high capacity (485 mAh g−1) and superior long-term cycling performance (3000 times) at 10 A g−1 (~ 50 s to full discharge/charge). Additionally, based on the excellent 3D-NVO cathode, a quasi-solid-state ZIB with capacity of 378 mAh g−1 is developed.
A nationwide assessment of perceptions of research-intense academic careers among predoctoral MD and MD-PhD trainees
Authors: Kwan Jennifer M. , Toubat Omar , Harrison Andrew M. , Riddle Megan , Wu Brian , Kim Hajwa , Basta David W. , Adami Alexander J. , Daye Dania 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroduction:While previous studies have described career outcomes of physician-scientist trainees after graduation, trainee perceptions of research-intensive career pathways remain unclear. This study sought to identify the perceived interests, factors, and challenges associated with academic and research careers among predoctoral MD trainees, MD trainees with research-intense (>50%) career intentions (MD-RI), and MD-PhD trainees.Methods:A 70-question survey was administered to 16,418 trainees at 32 academic medical centers from September 2012 to December 2014. MD vs. MD-RI (>50% research intentions) vs. MD-PhD trainee responses were compared by chi-square tests. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with academic and research career intentions.Results:There were 4433 respondents (27% response rate), including 2625 MD (64%), 653 MD-RI (15%), and 856 MD-PhD (21%) trainees. MD-PhDs were most interested in pursuing academia (85.8%), followed by MD-RIs (57.3%) and MDs (31.2%). Translational research was the primary career intention for MD-PhD trainees (42.9%). Clinical duties were the primary career intention for MD-RIs (51.9%) and MDs (84.2%). While 39.8% of MD-PhD respondents identified opportunities for research as the most important career selection factor, only 12.9% of MD-RI and 0.5% of MD respondents shared this perspective. Interest in basic research, translational research, clinical research, education, and the ability to identify a mentor were each independently associated with academic career intentions by multivariate regression.Conclusions:Predoctoral MD, MD-RI, and MD-PhD trainees are unique cohorts with different perceptions and interests toward academic and research careers. Understanding these differences may help to guide efforts to mentor the next generation of physician-scientists.
Use of and patient-reported complications related to midline catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters
Authors: Lescinskas Erica H. , Trautner Barbara W. , Saint Sanjay , Colozzi John , Evertsz Katherine , Chopra Vineet , Krein Sarah L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe conducted a prospective observational study of indications for use and patient experiences with midline catheters (n = 50) compared to peripherally inserted central catheters (n = 63). The primary indication for patients with midline catheters was difficult venous access. Patients with midline catheters reported fewer complications than patients with peripherally inserted central catheters.
“Nonaligned Citizens”: Ethnic Power-Sharing and Nonethnic Identities in Bosnia Herzegovina. The Case of Sarajevo
Authors: Piacentini Arianna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBosnia Herzegovina is a consociational democracy grounded on three ethnic constituencies. The postwar implementation of power-sharing mechanisms ended to favor ethnocracy and ethnopolitics, eventually compromising an inclusive democracy untied from ethnonational issues. This contribution explores the positive potential held by political parties and ordinary citizens “nonaligned” with the ethnopolitical scaffolding—therefore and consequently not explicitly included in the power-sharing system—because they hold and promote “alternative,” civic, and nonethnic forms of identification. Drawing upon interviews performed in Sarajevo, this article argues that citizens’ political disappointment and dissatisfaction are among the reasons contributing to the existence of a small, yet potentially critical, mass of citizens able to help adjusting an ethnically exclusive model of democracy.
Flexible Fatherlands: “Patriotism” among Polish-speaking German Citizens during World War I
Authors: Bjork James 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article examines the experiences of Polish-speaking subjects of the German Empire during World War I. Fighting for wartime empires tended to be retrospectively defined as involuntary service to a “foreign” cause. But the author of this article argues that it was very difficult to distinguish ostensibly passive “compliance” from ostensibly active “patriotism.” The apparent tensions between a German imperial agenda and Polish nationalism also proved to be highly navigable in practice, with German war aims often seen as not only reconcilable with but even conducive to the Polish national cause. Drawing on a recent wave of relevant historiography in English, German, and Polish, and incorporating further analysis of individual testimonies, the article explores the various ways in which “non-German” contributors to the German war effort tried to make sense of their awkward wartime biographies.
Youth Space Education and the Future of the GDR
Authors: Anderson Colleen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHistorians of East Germany often see the state as future-looking, but questions remain about the kinds of futures that East Germans expected. Youth space education provides one example of how East Germans thought about the future. Across the country, spaceflight formed an important part of youth education through books, theJugendweihe, and places like cosmonaut clubs. Although these activities show how East German adults taught children about space travel, they also illuminate expectations for the future of spaceflight and the future of East Germany's children. In a state that continually proclaimed the imminent future of everyday spaceflight, East German adults, even party members, adopted a particular vision of the future. They taught children that the ideas of space travel would be important for their lives on Earth, while simultaneously questioning the state's optimistic vision for everyday spaceflight.
PALESTINIAN DOCTORS UNDER THE BRITISH MANDATE: THE FORMATION OF A PROFESSION
Authors: Kozma Liat , Furas Yoni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDuring the final years of Ottoman rule and the three decades of British rule, Palestine witnessed the emergence of a community of professionally trained Palestinian Arab doctors. This study traces the evolution of the medical profession in Palestine against the background of the shifting cultural and symbolic capital of an expanding urban middle class and the educational possibilities that enabled this development. Palestinian Arab doctors are examined through a number of interconnected prisms: their activity in social, political, and professional regional networks, their modus operandi under British colonial rule, their response to Zionism and its accompanying influx of immigrant Jewish doctors, and their ability to mobilize collectively under a shared national vision.
EMASCULATING HUMOR FROM ALGERIA'S DARK DECADE, 1991–2002
Authors: Perego Elizabeth M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper explores shifting notions of Algerian masculinities during the Dark Decade (approximately 1991–2002) as articulated through humor. Both in the period leading up to and during conflict, Algerian cartoonists and joke tellers played with socially accepted norms concerning male behavior. In the armed struggle, however, comedy reflected how the terrifying and random violence that characterized the conflict may have disturbed local gender relations and definitions. The conflict prevented men from practicing masculinity in preestablished ways, most notably through the protection of self, family, and community. The present article contributes to the broader literature on gender during the armed struggle as well as in the Middle East and North Africa more widely, to argue that humor, a critically under-considered aspect of the cultural lives of Algerians and men across the region, provided civilians with space to navigate changes in gender issues brought about by the harrowing circumstances of the Dark Decade.
Symbiont composition of the basidiolichen Lichenomphalia meridionalis varies with altitude in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Gasulla Francisco , Barrasa José M. , Casano Leonardo M. , del Campo Eva M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBasidiolichens are generally poorly researched because of the very small number of species and their restriction to special niches. Lichenomphalia basidiolichens grow in considerable quantities in arctic and alpine habitats but they are inadequately studied in these habitats in Mediterranean areas. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we identified the different symbionts of L. meridionalis, collected in localities in Spain at altitudes ranging from 533 to 2200 m above sea level. The present study provides the first molecular data available for L. meridionalis. We found that a microindel of six bp within the nrITS2 could help to discriminate L. meridionalis from other species of the genus. Molecular analyses revealed the existence of two different green algal strains, both belonging to Coccomyxa subellipsoidea, a species shared with other Lichenomphalia lichens. Notably, the two chlorobiont strains associated with L. meridionalis were differentially distributed according to altitude, and samples having one of the two strains consistently also included cyanobacteria.
Soil fungi enable the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in wild bovidae captive in a zoological park: a 4-year trial
Authors: Palomero A. M. , Cazapal-Monteiro C. F. , Valderrábano E. , Paz-Silva A. , Sánchez-Andrade R. , Arias M. S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe control of gastrointestinal nematodes among ruminants maintained in zoological parks remains difficult due to infective stages develop in the soil. For the purpose to improve the possibilities of the control of gastrointestinal nematodes (genera Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Chabertia and Haemonchus) affecting wild captive bovidae ruminants belonging to the subfamilies Antilopinae, Caprinae, Bovinae and Reduncinae, commercial pelleted feed enriched with a blend of 104–105 spores of both filamentous fungi Mucor circinelloides + Duddingtonia flagrans per kg meal was provided for a period of 3.5 years. All animals were dewormed at the beginning of the trial and also when exceeding a cut-off point of 300 eggs per gram of feces (EPG). The anthelmintic efficacy ranged between 96 and 100%. The need for repeating the administration of parasiticide treatment disappeared at the 24th month of study in the Antilopinae individuals, and at the 8th month in the Caprinae, Bovinae and Reduncinae. No side-effects were observed on the skin or in the digestive, respiratory or reproductive system. It was concluded that this strategy provides a sustainable tool for preventing the contamination of paddocks where captive ruminants are maintained, decreasing the risk of infection by gastrointestinal nematodes and consequently the need of frequent deworming.
Bilingual referential choice in cognitively demanding situations
Authors: Contemori Carla , Ivanova Iva 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnder the Interface Hypothesis, bilinguals’ non-nativelike referential choices may be influenced by the increased cognitive demands and less automatic processing of bilingual production. We test this hypothesis by comparing pronoun production in the L2 of nonbalanced Spanish–English bilinguals to that of English monolinguals in two cognitively challenging contexts. In Experiment 1, both monolinguals and bilinguals produced more explicit references when part of the information was unavailable to their addressee (privileged ground) than when all information was shared (common ground), evidencing audience design. In Experiment 2, verbal load led to more unspecified references than visual load and no load (an effect statistically indistinguishable between groups but numerically driven by the monolingual group). While bilinguals produced overall more pronouns than monolinguals in both experiments, there was no indication that bilinguals’ referential choice was disproportionally affected by increased cognitive demand, contrary to the predictions of the Interface Hypothesis.