bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ulzera und diabetischer Fuß
Authors: Tanasov Andrei , Nwabudike Lawrence Chukwudi , Tiplica George-Sorin 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Komplexität des diabetischen Fußes resultiert aus komplexen pathophysiologischen Mechanismen, verschiedenen klinischen Erscheinungsformen, schweren Komplikationen mit erheblichen Beeinträchtigungen der Lebensqualität und dem Bedarf an speziellen, individualisierten Behandlungen. Insbesondere im Fall von diabetischen Fußgeschwüren sind klassische Therapien nicht immer effektiv, daher werden neue Behandlungsstrategien benötigt. Die vorliegende Übersicht zielt darauf ab, alternative Therapien mit aktuellen Wirksamkeitsdaten für diabetische Fußgeschwüre vorzustellen, die geeignete Optionen bei refraktären Geschwüren sein könnten. Plättchenreiches Plasma und Stammzellen haben eine regenerative und entzündungshemmende Wirkung und zeigen gute Ergebnisse bei der Behandlung von diabetischen Geschwüren, während die Ozontherapie die lokale Durchblutung und den Antioxidationsstatus verbessert. Tragbare Geräte könnten entscheidend für die langfristige Überwachung von Patienten mit diabetischem Fuß werden, da sie die Identifizierung von Geschwüren oder Infektionen frühzeitig ermöglichen. Es gibt auch Literaturberichte über alternative Behandlungen (Madenbehandlung, Honigverbände, Akupunktur), die erfolgreich bei refraktären Geschwüren eingesetzt wurden und aufzeigen, wie vielfältig das Management des diabetischen Fußes sein kann.
Secondary size distributions for single drop impacts at high wall superheat
Authors: Werner Ryan , Mayhew Eric , Kim Kenneth , Chol-Bum Kweon , Michael James B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The impingement of liquid sprays on hot walls is used extensively in both spray-cooling systems and in combustor fuel injection applications. At low and moderate wall temperatures, the secondary size distributions have been reported in the literature. For high wall superheat conditions, particularly for real multicomponent fuels, this secondary size distribution has received less attention. Understanding the resultant size distribution for a spray-wall impact is key to capturing vaporization and local mixture for fuel-spray impingement. In this study, single drop impacts for a range of single-component (n-decane) and multicomponent jet fuel (F-24) are characterized through dual-view imaging. Secondary droplets are captured for impact Weber numbers of 100–600 and wall temperatures spanning the nucleate and film boiling (Leidenfrost) regimes. Imaging through a transparent sapphire substrate is used to capture the impact phenomena and impact-induced breakup of impacting drops. We report empirical correlations for the secondary droplet size for single-component (n-decane) and multicomponent (F-24) liquid fuels with varying wall temperature to provide validation datasets for spray-wall simulations.
Asynchronous parallel reinforcement learning for optimizing propulsive performance in fin ray control
Authors: Liu Xin-Yang , Bodaghi Dariush , Xue Qian , Zheng Xudong , Wang Jian-Xun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFish fin rays constitute a sophisticated control system for ray-finned fish, facilitating versatile locomotion within complex fluid environments. Despite extensive research on the kinematics and hydrodynamics of fish locomotion, the intricate control strategies in fin-ray actuation remain largely unexplored. While deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has demonstrated potential in managing complex nonlinear dynamics; its trial-and-error nature limits its application to problems involving computationally demanding environmental interactions. This study introduces a cutting-edge off-policy DRL algorithm, interacting with a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) environment to acquire intricate fin-ray control strategies tailored for various propulsive performance objectives. To enhance training efficiency and enable scalable parallelism, an innovative asynchronous parallel training (APT) strategy is proposed, which fully decouples FSI environment interactions and policy/value network optimization. The results demonstrated the success of the proposed method in discovering optimal complex policies for fin-ray actuation control, resulting in a superior propulsive performance compared to the optimal sinusoidal actuation function identified through a parametric grid search. The merit and effectiveness of the APT approach are also showcased through comprehensive comparison with conventional DRL training strategies in numerical experiments of controlling nonlinear dynamics.
Seismic evidence for fluid migration on the outer Chukchi Shelf, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Lehmann Carsten , Jokat Wilfried , Coakley Bernard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMethane released from shelf regions is considered to be an important contributor to climate change. Knowledge of potential emissions from specific regions is therefore critical for estimating expected climate change. To this end, we use multichannel seismic data acquired in 2011 to image the subsurface and identify upwelling gas migration structures along the outer Chukchi Shelf in the Arctic Ocean. We examine the upper 2500 ms TWT of sediments for distinct sedimentary structures and anomalous seismic velocities. The data show a wide distribution of bright spots as a consequence of the fluid migration from deeper sources throughout the study area. However, no bottom simulating reflector is identified in the study area to indicate the base of a likely gas hydrate zone. Furthermore, high seismic velocities and strong ground reflectors are not observed, suggesting an absence of submarine permafrost from the outer Chukchi Shelf.
Predictors of quality of life and resilience in patients with ovarian cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Schilling Larissa , Toussaint Anne , Weigel Angelika , Lewitz Dorothea , Aust Golo , Töllner Jeanne , Oskay-Özcelik Gülten , Hasenburg Annette , Löwe Bernd , Schmalfeldt Barbara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the psychosocial burdens of patients with ovarian cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Ovarian cancer patients answered a quantitative survey assessing their resilience (BRS) and quality of life (FACT-G7) as well as clinical (first- vs. ≥ second-line treatment), demographic (age < 65 vs. ≥ 65 years) and COVID-19 pandemic-related psychosocial impairment, i.e. anxiety (GAD7); depression (PHQ2); global physical, mental, and social health (PROMIS items). Analyses of variance were applied to compare psychological impairment between patients on first- vs. ≥ second-line treatment and between patients aged < vs. ≥ 65 years at start of treatment. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of patients' resilience and quality of life based on demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables.

Results
Most of the 93 patients rated their physical and mental health, and satisfaction with social activities as good. Eighty-seven (91.4%) were somewhat or very concerned about the pandemic. Patients on first-line therapy reported a better quality of life (p = 0.03) and better general health (p = 0.014) than those on at least second-line therapy. Patients < 65 years old reported significantly more concern about the pandemic than older patients (p = 0.008). Predictors of resilience were severity of anxiety (GAD-7) and mental health. Predictors of quality of life were general health, severity of depression (PHQ-2), and type of therapy.

Conclusions
Patients in first line of treatment and younger patients could benefit from support in coping with pandemic-related burdens, meaning that attention should be paid to potential psychological distress, which should be treated alongside the cancer.
Gender bias detection on hate speech classification: an analysis at feature-level
Authors: Nascimento Francimaria R. S. , Cavalcanti George D. C. , Costa-Abreu Marjory Da 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hate speech is a growing problem on social media due to the larger volume of content being shared. Recent works demonstrated the usefulness of distinct machine learning algorithms combined with natural language processing techniques to detect hateful content. However, when not constructed with the necessary care, learning models can magnify discriminatory behaviour and lead the model to incorrectly associate comments with specific identity terms (e.g., woman, black, and gay) with a particular class, such as hate speech. Moreover, some specific characteristics should be considered in the test set when evaluating the presence of bias, considering that the test set can follow the same biased distribution of the training set and compromise the results obtained by the bias metrics. This work argues that considering the potential bias in hate speech detection is needed and focuses on developing an intelligent system to address these limitations. Firstly, we proposed a comprehensive, unbiased dataset to unintended gender bias evaluation. Secondly, we propose a framework to help analyse bias from feature extraction techniques. Then, we evaluate several state-of-the-art feature extraction techniques, specifically focusing on the bias towards identity terms. We consider six feature extraction techniques, including TF, TF-IDF, FastText, GloVe, BERT, and RoBERTa, and six classifiers, LR, DT, SVM, XGB, MLP, and RF. The experimental study across hate speech datasets and a range of classification and unintended bias metrics demonstrates that the choice of the feature extraction technique can impact the bias on predictions, and its effectiveness can depend on the dataset analysed. For instance, combining TF and TF-IDF with DT and MLP resulted in higher bias, while BERT and RoBERTa showed lower bias with the same classifier for the HE and WH datasets. The proposed dataset and source code will be publicly available when the paper is published.
Age-related genomic alterations and chemotherapy sensitivity in osteosarcoma: insights from cancer genome profiling analyses
Authors: Outani Hidetatsu , Ikegami Masachika , Imura Yoshinori , Nakai Sho , Takami Haruna , Kotani Yuki , Inoue Akitomo , Okada Seiji 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone malignancy, has a complex genetic basis and two incidence peaks. In younger patients, the standard treatment involves wide surgical resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy; however, the role of chemotherapy in elderly patients remains controversial. The aims of this study were to investigate genetic differences between younger and elderly patients with osteosarcoma and to identify genetic signatures associated with chemotherapy response.

Methods
Genetic alterations were analyzed using cancer genome profiling data for 204 patients with osteosarcoma obtained from the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics.

Results
The mutation spectrum was consistent with previous results for osteosarcoma. CCNE1, MCL1, MYC, and RB1 alterations were significantly associated with a younger age, while CDK4, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, H3F3A, KMT2D, MDM2, RAC1, and SETD2 alterations were significantly associated with an older age. Age, unsupervised clustering of gene alterations, and MYC amplifications were significantly associated with the response to ifosfamide. Notably, both clustered mutation signatures and MYC amplification were correlated with age.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that distinct oncogenic mechanisms contribute to differential sensitivity to chemotherapy in younger and elderly patients. Cancer genome profiling may aid in chemotherapy selection, and its early implementation is recommended to optimize treatment strategies.
Unravelling the art of developing skilled communication: a longitudinal qualitative research study in general practice training
Authors: Verheijden Michelle , Timmerman Angelique , de Buck Dorien , de Bruin Anique , van den Eertwegh Valerie , van Dulmen Sandra , Essers Geurt T. J. M. , van der Vleuten Cees , Giroldi Esther 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDoctor-patient communication is a core competency in medical education, which requires learners to adapt their communication flexibly to each clinical encounter. Although conceptual learning models exist, information about how skilled communication develops over time is scant. This study aims to unpack this process of communication learning and to identify its facilitators. We conducted a longitudinal qualitative study employing a constructivist grounded theory approach in a General Practice training setting. Over a 6-month period, we closely monitored 8 first-year and 5 third-year trainees (n = 13) by means of clinical observations, stimulated recall interviews and audio diaries. In an iterative process of data collection and analysis, we triangulated these sources across trainees (horizontal analysis) and over time (vertical analysis) to identify how themes evolved. This analysis led us to the construction of a six-stage cyclic conceptual model during which trainees: (1) have an impactful experience; (2) become aware of own communication; (3) look for alternative communication behaviours; (4) experiment with new behaviours; (5) evaluate the effectiveness; and (6) internalise the new communication behaviours. Additionally, conditions were found to support learning and reflection. Becoming a skilled communicator seems to require a continuous approach, with repeated practice and reflection to adapt and internalise communication in the clinical encounter. Consequently, we recommend that trainees be supported with tailored feedback to strengthen their communication repertoire. Ideally, they should be guided by supervisors who serve as coaches in a safe learning environment with regular, planned learning activities.
Identification of a drought stress response module in tomato plants commonly induced by fungal endophytes that confer increased drought tolerance
Authors: González Ortega-Villaizán Adrián , King Eoghan , Patel Manish K. , Rodríguez-Dobreva Estefanía , González-Teuber Marcia , Ramos Patricio , Vicente-Carbajosa Jesús , Benito Begoña , Pollmann Stephan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Global climate change exacerbates abiotic stresses, as drought, heat, and salt stresses are anticipated to increase significantly in the coming years. Plants coexist with a diverse range of microorganisms. Multiple inter-organismic relationships are known to confer benefits to plants, including growth promotion and enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the mutualistic interactions between three fungal endophytes originally isolated from distinct arid environments and an agronomically relevant crop, Solanum lycopersicum. We demonstrated a significant increase in shoot biomass under drought conditions in co-cultivation with Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from Antarctica, Penicillium minioluteum isolated from the Atacama Desert, Chile, and Serendipita indica isolated from the Thar Desert, India. To elucidate plant gene modules commonly induced by the different endophytes that could explain the observed drought tolerance effect in tomato, a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis was conducted. This analysis led to the identification of a shared gene module in the fungus-infected tomato plants. Within this module, gene network analysis enabled us to identify genes related to abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, ABA transport, auxin signaling, ion homeostasis, proline biosynthesis, and jasmonic acid signaling, providing insights into the molecular basis of drought tolerance commonly mediated by fungal endophytes. Our findings highlight a conserved response in the mutualistic interactions between endophytic fungi isolated from unrelated environments and tomato roots, resulting in improved shoot biomass production under drought stress.
Designing and Validating a Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia-Specific Quality of Life Rating Scale (HSPQoL)
Authors: Siow Sue Faye , Fleming Jane , Barlow-Stewart Kristine , Wali Gautam , Kumar Kishore R. , Sue Carolyn M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Patients with Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) report reduced quality of life (QoL) compared to the general population. Generic QoL measures do not address disease-specific aspects such as spasticity, access to specialty HSP clinics, and bladder symptoms. We designed and validated a HSP-specific QoL scale (HSPQoL), intended for use in standard clinical settings and clinical trials. HSP-specific items were added to the RAND 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to form HSPQoL. Following literature review/expert input, 23 items were presented to a panel of HSP clinicians, patients, and patient representatives (n = 12) using a modified Delphi process. Items were ranked for clarity and relevance (inclusion criteria: 80% consensus). 21/23 items met the inclusion criteria. Interviews with patients (n = 5) assessed suitability, comprehension, clarity, and response options to additional items. Based on cognitive interview results, items were modified (n=4), removed (n=7), or added (n=3). Sixty-one patients completed the HSPQoL and EQ5D-5L for evaluation of construct validity and 19 patients repeated the HSPQoL for evaluation of test–retest reliability. 15/17 additional items moderately to strongly correlated with pre-existing SF-36 subscores (Spearman correlation 0.319–0.771, p < 0.05). Exploratory factor analyses showed high percentage of variance in the first component (> 45%). HSPQoL demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha 0.94), test–retest reliability (ICC 0.957), and convergent validity with EQ5D-5L (r = 0.725). In conclusion, demonstrated validity and reliability of the HSPQoL confirms consideration of its use for assessing specific QoL in individuals with HSP.
The carved monuments of La Milpa, Belize: Results of photogrammetric and epigraphic documentation
Authors: Helmke Christophe , Hammond Norman , Valdez Fred , Guderjan Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLa Milpa, situated in northern Belize, stands out as one of the region's largest archaeological sites, having served as the capital of an ancient Maya city-state. Its significance is indicated by extensive monumental architecture, with the epicenter covering approximately 8.8 ha. The site's corpus of monuments, comprising 23 stelae and several altars, underscores its prominence in northern Belize, rivaling the corpora of sites such as Nim li Punit and Caracol. Despite its remote location, La Milpa has garnered the attention of researchers, particularly since the first modern survey of the site in 1988. Subsequent studies—in particular, that by Nikolai Grube in the 1990s—has provided detailed analyses of the site's corpus of carved monuments. Recent efforts, including epigraphic documentation in 2019, serve to enhance our understanding of La Milpa's dynastic history through traditional epigraphic and computational photographic methods. Utilizing field observations, raking light photography, and 3D photogrammetric models, we have refined previous analyses and provide new insights into the iconography and textual segments of the monuments. Here, we present the results of these recent efforts as well as our new analyses of a selection of monuments.
Dissolved Nitrogen Cycling in the Eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Baffin Bay From Stable Isotopic Data
Authors: Westbrook H. C. , Bourbonnais A. , Manning C. C. M. , Tremblay J.‐É. , Ahmed M. M. M. , Else B. , Granger J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClimate change is expected to alter the input of nitrogen (N) sources in the Eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Baffin Bay due to increased discharge from glacial meltwater and permafrost thaw. Since dissolved inorganic N is generally depleted in surface waters, dissolved organic N (DON) could represent a significant N source fueling phytoplankton activity in Arctic ecosystems. Yet, few DON data for this region exist. We measured concentrations and stable isotope ratios of DON (δ15N) and nitrate (NO3−; δ15N and δ18O) to investigate the sources and cycling of dissolved nitrogen in regional rivers and marine samples collected in the Eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Baffin Bay during the summer of 2019. The isotopic signatures of NO3− in rivers could be reproduced in a steady state isotopic model by invoking mixing between atmospheric NO3− and nitrified ammonium as well as NO3− assimilation by phytoplankton. DON concentrations were low in most rivers (≤4.9 μmol N L−1), whereas the concentrations (0.54–12 μmol N L−1) and δ15N of DON (−0.71–9.6‰) at the sea surface were variable among stations, suggesting dynamic cycling and/or distinctive sources. In two regions with high chlorophyll‐a, DON concentrations were inversely correlated with chlorophyll‐a and the δ15N of DON, suggesting net DON consumption in localized phytoplankton blooms. We derived an isotope effect of 6.9‰ for DON consumption. Our data helps establish a baseline to assess future changes in the nutrient regime for this climate‐sensitive region.
Segregation‐Induced Flow Transitions in Rock‐Ice Mixtures: Implications for Rock‐Ice Avalanche Dynamics
Authors: Zhou Gordon G. D. , Cui Kahlil F. E. , Jing Lu , Mangeney Anne , Cui Yifei , Huang Yu , Chen Xiaoqing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlobal climate change has been intensifying the scale and frequency of rock‐ice avalanches and similar catastrophic mass movements in high‐mountain regions. The difference in the physical characteristics of rock and ice particles leads to mixing and segregation during flow. Although, both particle segregation and the presence of ice fundamentally alter flow behavior, the joint influence and feedback of these two aspects are overlooked in state‐of‐the‐art rock‐ice avalanche models. Using discrete element simulations, we show that by controlling the distribution of inter‐particle frictional interactions within the mixture, segregation patterns resulting from the size, density, concentration, and surface friction differences of rock and ice phases can induce sharp velocity gradients along the flowing thickness. Flowing layers where low friction contacts with ice are abundant tend to flow faster and can induce slow creeping motion in an otherwise static basal layer dominated by more frictional rocks. Based on these observations, we find that the effective friction of rock‐ice flows for various mixture concentrations and size ratios can be obtained as a sum of the single‐phase rheologies of rocks and ice weighted according to their microscopic contact probabilities. This effective friction for rock‐ice mixtures allows us to extend a recent non‐local granular fluidity framework that captures the complex segregation‐flow feedback mechanism in rock‐ice flows. The findings provide a deeper micromechanical understanding of how particle interactions influence rock‐ice avalanche mobility, which ultimately improves flow models needed for hazard assessment and mitigation.