bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of gingival phenotype in the morphology of the central maxillary interdental papilla
Authors: Belák Šimon , Žižka Radovan , Starosta Martin , Zapletalová Jana , Šedý Jiří , Štefanatný Michal 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPreservation of interdental papilla is an essential part of the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of dental treatment. It was described that thicker gingival tissues are more resistant to recession. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze if the gingival phenotype represents a potential risk factor affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width in an esthetic region between central maxillary incisors. The secondary goals were: 1) analyze parameters describing papilla and the influence of a wide papilla basis for the vertical papillary dimension; 2) the correlation between different non-invasive measurements of gingival thickness; 3) comparison among both sexes.MethodsTogether, 54 periodontally healthy students (20–30 years old) were included in the study. Gingival thickness was measured using Pirop Ultrasonic Biometer. Phenotype was also assessed by gingival probe transparency. Papilla parameters - height and width of the interdental papilla were measured, and the degree of papilla recession was classified.ResultsNo significant correlation between papilla height, width, or papilla fill and gingival probe transparency or gingival thickness was found. Both methods of assessments of gingival phenotype showed a significant relationship. There was a significant correlation of papilla height and papilla fill. Papillae, which filled the interdental space completely, seem to be shorter. A strong positive association between papilla height and papilla width was revealed. Papillae were significantly higher in males.ConclusionThe appearance of interdental papillae could be influenced by various factors. Within the limitations of this study, results showed no significant correlation between the morphology of interdental papillae and soft tissue thickness. It seems that there is an influence of a wide papilla basis for its vertical dimension.
Global value chains and economic development: what impact on the Moroccan economy?
Authors: Lotfi Ismail , Lotfi Bilal 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Globalization has changed the way goods and services are produced. The activities that form the value chains of many products and services are increasingly fragmented across the globe and between firms. But the question is how we get positive economic and social benefits by taking part in these global value chains. In the case of Morocco, it appears that the current form of its integration in Global Value Chains (GVCs) has only a limited effect on economic growth in the long-term. Indeed, despite the continued growth of Moroccan exports since 2011, the local added value in these exports has not increased so much. Consequently, the current stage of Morocco in GVCs does not allow improvement of per capita income and employment rates. In this respect, moving upmarket in GVCs and discovering of a new, more complex sector is no minor detail, but proves to be an absolute necessity for the territorial development of Morocco.
Higher Mortality and Infection Rate in a Region or Country Suggest a Longer Time of COVID-19 Disease Pandemic
Authors: Gu Tianshu , Yao Lan , Sun Tong , Day Sara W. , Howard Scott C. , Graff J. Carolyn , Jiao Yan , Chen Hong , Sun Dianjun , Aleya Lotfi , Gu Weikuan , Wang Yongjun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In view of the fact that the 2019-nCoV has spread to most countries in the world, it is necessary to make scientific and well-founded predictions of the current pandemic situation caused by the virus worldwide, which are conducive to public, social and government responses that mitigate and appropriately address the pandemic. We collected data from provinces with more than 200 cases in China and from eight other countries. Our analyses showed that the disease duration has no correlation with the number of patients, with r = 0.184. The number of deaths was not correlated to the disease duration, with r = 0.242. However, a positive correlation between the days of disease duration and infection rate, with a r = 0.626. Furthermore, there is a strong positive correlation between the disease duration and total death rate, with a r = 0.707. Using death rate of first 25 days, we obtained a positive relationship with a r value of 0.597. Based on the data from first 25 days, the minimum and maximum days of COVID-19 pandemic duration of eight countries was estimated between days of 37 and 114 days.
Survey on neutralizing antibodies against Zika virus eighteen months post-outbreak in two southern Thailand communities
Authors: Densathaporn Theerut , Sangthong Rassamee , Sakolnapa Monvaris , Surasombatpattana Smonrapat , Kemapunmanus Marisa , Masrinoul Promsin , Yoksan Sutee , McNeil Edward B , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background In 2016 and 2017, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection outbreaks occurred in two communities in southern Thailand. This re-immerging infection can widely spread by mosquito bites and cause serious complications in a central nervous system, especially in babies. Thus they should be protected. This study aims to (1) To determine the prevalence of neutralizing ZIKV antibodies in the post-outbreak areas among the general population and pregnancy women residing at various distances from the houses of the nearest index patients; (2) To examine the cross-neutralizing capacity of antibodies against ZIKV on other flaviviruses commonly found in the study areas; (3) To identify factors associated with the presence of neutralizing ZIKV antibodies. Methods The two post-outbreak communities were visited at 18 months after the outbreaks. We enrolled (1) 18 confirmed ZIKV infected (index) cases, (2) sample of 554 neighbors in the outbreak areas who lived at various distances from the index patients’ houses, (3) 190 residents of non-outbreak areas, and (4) all pregnant women regardless of gestational age residing in the study areas (n = 805). All serum specimens underwent the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Ten randomly selected ZIKV seropositive and ten randomly selected seronegative specimens were tested for dengue virus serotypes 1-4 (DENV1-4) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) antibodies using PRNT. Serum titer above 1:10 was considered positive. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with seropositivity. Results Out of all 18 index cases, 17 remained seropositive. The seroprevalence (95% CI) in the two outbreak areas were 66.5% (59.1-73.9%) and 45.6% (38.8-52.5%) in general population, and 41.0% (36.1-46.0%) and 23.5% (19.4-21.9%) in pregnant women. Multivariate analysis showed that seropositivity was independent of the distance gradient from the index’s houses. However, being elderly, poorly educated, and living far from a plantation was associated with seropositivity. DENV1-4 and JEV neutralizing antibodies were present in nearly all ZIKV-positive and negative subsamples. Conclusion Protective herd immunity for ZIKV infection is inadequate, especially among pregnant women in the two post-outbreak areas in southern Thailand.
Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence against mothers of children under-five years in central Malawi
Authors: Chilanga Emmanuel , Collin-Vezina Delphine , Khan Mohammad Nuruzzaman , Riley Liam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a pervasive and significant public health problem. The phenomenon is linked to adverse health effects for women and children. Mothers of young children in Malawi can be particularly at risk because of gender-based power imbalances. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of IPV perpetrated by the current or recent partner against mothers of children under five years of age in rural Malawi.Methods: A multistage cross-sectional study design was used. A sample of 538 mothers of young children was randomly selected from postnatal clinics in Dowa district. The WHO's Violence against women instrument was used to collect data. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors that were associated with IPV against mothers. Results: The prevalence of IPV controlling behavior, psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 74.7%, 49.4%, 43.7% and 73.2% respectively. In multivariate analyses, mothers whose partners had extra marital affairs were more likely to experience controlling behavior (AOR: 4.97, 95% CI: 2.59-8.55, P<0.001), psychological (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.486-3.472, P<0.001) and physical (AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.48-3.94, P<0.001) violence than mothers whose partners did not have extra marital affairs. Mothers whose partners consume alcohol were more likely to experience sexual violence (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.17-3.41, P<0.001) than mothers whose partners did not drink. Finally, mothers who spent more than 30 minutes drawing water were at greater risk of experiencing IPV than mothers who spent less than 30 minutes.Conclusion: This study found a significantly higher prevalence of IPV against mothers in rural Malawi compared to the national prevalence. Programs aimed at reducing the partners’ potential risk behaviors identified in this study are recommended. Public health programs that support increased household access to safe water are also recommended to help mitigate IPV against mothers.
Exosomal miR-29b of Aqueous Humour Mediated Variation of Ca2+ in Diabetes and Cataract Patients
Authors: Gao Chao , Liu Xin , Fan Fan , Yang Jianing , Zhou Xiyue , Mei Hengjun , Lin Xiaolei , Luo Yi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Ca2+ was supposed to play an important role in the formation of cataract. Considering our increasing knowledge of exosomes, exosomal miRNAs isolated from aqueous humour may play an important role in the mechanism of diabetes and cataracts. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of exosomal miR-29b and Ca2+ in regulating the function of human lens epithelial cells. Methods: Exosomes were isolated from human aqueous humour by ultracentrifugation, and visualized by nanoparticle tracking and transmission electron microscopy. Exosomal miRNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs between diabetes and cataracts group (DMC) and age-related cataracts group (ARC). TargetScan was used to predict potential target of certain miRNA. The expression of CACNA1C mRNA was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and CACNA1C protein was determined by Western blotting. Concentration of Ca2+ of human aqueous humour and cell culture supernatant was detected by the Calcium Assay Kit. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to determine cell viability. Results: Exosomes could be isolated from human aqueous humour, which had a typical cup-shaped phenotype and a particle size distribution in accordance with micro extracellular vesicles. Exosomal miRNA sequencing revealed that miR-29b was significantly downregulated in diabetes and cataracts group (DMC) compared with age-related cataracts group (ARC). Ca2+ concentration of human aqueous humour in DMC was higher than that in ARC. Cell culture supernatant transfected with miR-29b inhibitors had a higher concentration of Ca2+ than that transfected with miR-29b mimics. miR-29b reduced the viability of human lens epithelium cells (HLECs) by up-regulating CACNA1C expression.Conclusions: Exosomes isolated from human aqueous humour contained abundant miRNAs. A significantly expressed miRNA, miR-29b, could affect the concentration of Ca2+ and regulate HLEC processes by up-regulating CACNA1C.
Clinical study on primary screening of oral cancer and precancerous lesions by oral cytology
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Ono Sawako , Nakano Keisuke , Takabatake Kiyofumi , Kawai Hotaka , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Furuki Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
This study was conducted to compare histological diagnostic accuracy between conventional method and liquid-based cytology (LBC) method and to clarify the effectiveness of cytology.
Methods
Histological diagnoses of 251 cases were classified as negative (no malignancy lesion, inflammation, and mild/moderate dysplasia) and positive [oral intraepithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ (OIN/CIS) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)]. Cytological diagnoses were classified as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), oral low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (OLSIL), oral high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (OHSIL), or SCC. Cytological diagnostic results were compared with histology results.
Results
Of NILM cytology cases, the most frequent case was negative [LBC n = 50 (90.9%), conventional n = 22 (95.7%)]. Among OLSIL cytodiagnoses, the most common was negative (LBC n = 34; 75.6%, conventional n = 14; 70.0%). Among OHSIL cytodiagnoses (LBC n = 51, conventional n = 23), SCC was the most frequent (LBC n = 31; 60.8%, conventional n = 7; 30.4%). Negative cases were common (LBC n = 13; 25.5%, conventional n = 14; 60.9%). Among SCC cytodiagnoses SCC was the most common (LBC n = 16; 88.9%, conventional n = 14; 87.5%). Regarding the diagnostic results of cytology, assuming HSIL and SCC as cytologically positive, the LBC method/conventional method showed a sensitivity of 79.4%/76.7%, specificity of 85.1%/69.2%, false positive rate of 14.9%/30.7%, and false negative rate of 20.6%/23.3%.
Conclusions
LBC method was superior to conventional method in cytodiagnosis. It was especially superior for LSIL and HSIL. Because of the false positive and false negative cytodiagnoses, it is necessary to make a comprehensive diagnosis considering the clinical findings.
Oral Health Status and Patterns of Dental Service Utilization of Adolescents in Lesotho, Southern Africa
Authors: Jessani Abbas , Quadri Faeq , El-Rabbany Abdul , Hooper Kirsten , Lim Hyun Ja , Ndobe Eketsang , Brondani Mario , Laronde Denise 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To identify the unmet dental treatment needs and patterns of dental service utilization by adolescents in the Kingdom of Lesotho, Southern Africa, and characterize the best predictors for perceived oral health status and dental visits for these adolescents. Method: A self-reported 40-item oral health survey was administered, and clinical oral examinations were conducted in public schools in Maseru from August 10 to August 25, 2016. Associations between psychosocial factors with oral health status and dental service utilization were evaluated using simple, bivariate and multivariate regressions. Results: Five hundred and twenty-six survey responses and examinations were gathered. The mean age of participants was 16.4 years of age, with a range between 12 and 19 years of age. More than two thirds (68%; n=355) of participants were female. The majority reported their quality of life (84%) and general health to be good/excellent (81%). While 95% reported that oral health was very important, only 11% reported their personal dental health as excellent. Three percent reported having a regular family dentist, with the majority (85%) receiving dental care in a hospital or medical clinic setting; only 14% had seen a dental professional within the previous 2 years. The majority of participants did not have dental insurance (78%). Clinical examination revealed tooth decay on 30% of mandibular and maxillary molars; 65% had some form of gingivitis. In multivariate analysis, not having dental education and access to a regular dentist were the strongest predictors of not visiting a dentist within the last year. Conclusion: Our results suggest that access to oral health care is limited in Lesotho. Dental decay on molars was prevalent. Further patient oral health education and regular dental care may make an impact on this population.
Clinical Efficacy of Arthroscopic Therapy With Infrapatellar Fat Pad Cell Concentrates in Treating Knee Cartilage Lesion: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhou Yiqin , Li Haobo , Xiang Dong , Shao Jiahua , Fu Qiwei , Han Yaguang , Zhu Jun , Chen Yi , Qian Qirong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Toevaluatethe clinical efficacy of arthroscopic therapy with infrapatellar fat pad cell concentrates in treating knee cartilage lesion, we launched a prospective randomized single-blind clinical study of controlled method.Methods: 60 cases from Shanghai Changzheng Hospital during April 2018 to December 2019 were chosen and randomlydivided into 2 groups equally. Patients in the experiment group were treated throughknee arthroscopy with knee infrapatellar fat pad cell concentrates containing mesenchymal stem cells, while patients in the control group were treated through regular knee arthroscopic therapy. VAS and WOMAC scores were assessed at pre-operation, and 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 12 months after intervention. MORCART scores were assessed at pre-operation and 12 months after intervention.Results: 29 cases in the experiment group and 28 cases in the control group were followed up. No significant difference in VAS, WOMAC, and MOCART scores were found between the two groups before surgery(P>0.05). The WOMAC-Total and WOMAC-Function scores ofexperiment groupwere significantly lower than those of control group 6 months, 12 months after surgery(P<0.05). The VAS-Rest and VAS-Motion scoresofexperiment group were found significantly lower than those of control group 12 months after surgery(P<0.05).The MOCART scores of experiment group were found significant higher compared with control group12 months after surgery(P<0.05). No significant difference in WOMAC-Stiffness scores were found between the two groups.Conclusions:The short-term results of our study are encouraging and demonstrate that knee arthroscopy with infrapatellar fat pad cell concentrates containing mesenchymal stem cells is safe, and provides assistance in reducing pain and improvingfunction in patients with knee cartilage lesion.Trial registration: ChiCTR1800015379. Registered on 27 March 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=25901.
Propensity Score Adjusted Comparison of Three-Factor versus Four-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for Emergent Warfarin Reversal: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Margraf David , Seaburg Scott , Beilman Gregory , Wolfson Julian , Gipson Jonathan , Chapman Scott A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Prothrombin Complex Concentrates are prescribed for emergent warfarin reversal (EWR). Few direct comparisons with three-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC3) and four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC4) exist. Patients in an academic level one trauma center who received PCC3 or PCC4 for EWR were identified. Patient characteristics, PCC dose and time of dose, pre- and post-INR and time of measurement, plasma and vitamin K doses, and patient outcomes were collected. Patients whose pre-PCC International Normalized Ratio (INR) was > 6 hours before PCC dose or the pre-post PCC INR was > 12 hours were excluded. The primary outcome was achieving an INR ≤ 1.5 post PCC. Secondary outcomes were the change in INR over time, post PCC INR, thromboembolic events (TE), and death during hospital stay. Logistic regression modelled the primary outcome with and without a propensity score adjustment accounting for age, sex, actual body weight, dose, initial INR value, and time between INR measurements. Data are reported as median (IQR) or n (%) with p < 0.05 considered significant.
Results
Eighty patients were included (PCC3 = 57, PCC4 = 23). More PCC4 patients achieved goal INR (87.0% vs. 31.6%, odds ratio (OR) = 14.4, 95% CI: 3.80-54.93, p < 0.001). The result was similar after adjusting for possible confounders (AOR = 10.7, 95% CI: 2.17–51.24, p < 0.001). The post-PCC INR was lower in the PCC4 group (1.3 (1.3–1.5) vs. 1.7 (1.5-2.0), p < 0.001. The INR change was greater for PCC4 (2.3 (1.3–3.3) vs. 1.1 (0.6-2.0), p = 0.003). Death during hospital stay (p = 0.52) and TE (p = 1.00) were not significantly different.
Conclusions
PCC4 was associated with a higher achievement of goal INR than PCC3. This relationship was observed in the unadjusted, propensity score adjusted, and time stratified results.
Presence of Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (FODMAPs) in commonly eaten foods: Extension of a database to indicate dietary FODMAP content and calculation of intake in the general population from food diary data
Authors: Liljebo Therese , Störsrud Stine , Andreasson Anna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Monosaccharides And Polyols) are known for their health benefits but their fermentation may trigger gastrointestinal symptoms and a low-FODMAP diet is a commonly used intervention for functional gastrointestinal disorders. The use of direct measures of FODMAP is labour intensive and expensive and to facilitate the assessment of FODMAP intake in research and clinical work, a nutritional content database with good quality estimates on FODMAP values is needed. Further, the average intake of FODMAP in a general population would be a useful reference and knowledge the most commonly eaten foods containing FODMAPs would facilitate clinical work utilising FODMAP diet interventions. Methods: A nutritional content database was extended with published FODMAP content data. The database was used to calculate FODMAP intake from four-day food diaries from 117 individuals from the general population in Sweden and the most common food items containing FODMAPs were identified. Results: FODMAP content for 1060 food items were added to the database resulting in 1805 listed FODMAP values. Mean intake of total FODMAP in the diaries was 19g (fructose: 15.2g; fructan: 3.5g; lactose: 14.1g; galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) 0.43g and polyols 1.3g per day. Overall the most common eaten food items containing FODMAPs were rye and wheat based foods. Conclusion: Intake of FODMAPs as calculated using the extended database were in line with previous studies supporting its use of the database both research and in clinical interventions. The lists of the most commonly eaten FODMAP food items are provided and may be used to facilitate FODMAP diet interventions.