bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of High-Risk Features for Stage II Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix
Authors: Akce Mehmet , Zakka Katerina , Penley McKenna , Jiang Renjian , Alese Olatunji B. , Shaib Walid L. , Wu Christina , Behera Madhusmita , El-Rayes Bassel F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Clinico-pathological high-risk features are frequently utilized in adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) decisions in stage II colorectal cancer and their utility in stage II appendiceal adenocarcinoma (AA) is not established. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of high-risk features in clinical outcomes and whether high risk features are predictive of AC benefit in stage II AA. Methods: Patients with pathological stage II AA between 2010-2015 were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) using ICD-O-3 morphology and topography codes: 8140, 8480 and C18.1. High risk stage II AA was defined as having at least one of the following clinicopathological features: T4 tumor, <12 lymph nodes examined, poorly differentiated histology, positive margins, or lymphovascular invasion. Patients with none of these features were defined as low-risk.Results: A total of 1,040 patients with pathological stage II AA were identified. 51.0% males, 84.5% Caucasian; median age 61 (range, 19-90). 46.4% were determined to have high-risk stage II AA. High-risk status was associated with worse OS compared to low-risk in univariate (HR 1.55; 95% CI 1.18-2.02; p=0.001) and multivariable analyses (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03-1.79; p=0.028). High-risk stage II AA patients had significantly worse 5-year OS compared to low-risk patients (67.1% vs. 74.5%, p=0.0013). AC was administered in 34.4% (n=166) of high-risk patients and in 36.5% (n=203) of low-risk patients. Among high-risk patients, AC was not associated with better OS in univariate (HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.59-1.26; p=0.448) and multivariable analyses (HR 1.35; 95% CI 0.90-2.04; p=0.151) compared to no AC. Similarly, among low-risk patients, AC was not associated with better OS in univariate (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.60-1.39; p=0.679) and multivariable analyses (HR 1.27; 95% CI 0.81-2.02; p=0.299) compared to no AC. For high-risk patients, 5-year OS was 68.3% in patients that received AC vs. 66.5% in patients that did not (p=0.722). For low-risk patients, 5-year OS was 74.0% in patients that received AC vs. 76.3% in patients that did not (p=0.813).Conclusion: High-risk stage II AA patients had significantly worse 5-year OS compared to low-risk patients. AC did not improve survival regardless of high-risk features in stage II AA.
Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse among School going Children in Primary Schools in Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Maranga Isabel , Onyango Patrick , Omondi Dickens 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Child sexual abuse is a public health problem with negative physical, mental, behavioral and learning outcomes to survivors. Recent Kenya Demographic Health Survey showed that 22% of women and 13% of men in western Kenya have experienced sexual abuse compared to 14% women and 6% men nationally. Its burden, predisposing factors and, sources of or reasons for differential exposure for boys are yet unclear. Whereas schools have a major influence on a child’s development and behavior, they have been identified as important settings where child sexual abuse might occur. However, how sexual abuse is patterned by type and location of school remains an open question. The present study investigated risk factors of sexual abuse among school-going children in primary schools in Kisumu County. Using a cross-sectional study design and guided by the ecological model, the study determined association between type of school and sexual abuse; association between location of school and sexual abuse, and spaces that predispose school-going children to sexual abuse in primary schools. A sample of 398 pupils aged between 10 – 16 years randomly identified participants from 37 pre-selected primary schools in Kisumu Central and Kisumu West sub-Counties was used. The schools had been stratified by location (rural and urban) and type (public or private, boarding or day). Parental permission was sought for respective pupils to participate in the study. Data from pupils was collected using self-administered questionnaires and focus group discussions, and key informant interviews from guidance and counseling teachers. The mean age of participants was 13 years. More pupils attended day schools than boarding schools (88% versus 12%; p= 0.017). Forced sex (29%) was the most common type of sexual abuse. More girls than boys had ever experienced any type of sexual abuse 29% versus 20%; p=0.038. Whereas there was no statistical difference in pupils’ experience of sexual abuse by type and location of school x2= 2.044; p>0.05 and x2= 0.823 p>0.05, pupils thought that attending public day schools is associated with higher risk for sexual abuse mainly while walking to and from home. Pupils cited bushes inside school (52%), latrines/toilets (51%) and bushes outside school (50%) as spaces where one is more likely to experience sexual abuse. Being a female pupil was the most significant risk factor for sexual abuse in the primary schools surveyed. This indicates that gendered predisposition plays an important role in occurrence of sexual abuse in primary schools. Though not statistically significant in this study, it is plausible that risky spaces and type of schools might modify female gender predisposition in subtler ways as suggested from the pupils’ perspectives. There is need for a gendered focus in a complex primary schooling environment
Hypertension prevalence, associated factors, treatment, and control in rural Cameroon: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Simo Larissa Pone , Agbor Valirie Ndip , Noubiap Jean Jacques , Nana Orlin Pagnol , Nkosu Pride Swiri-Muya , Anouboweh Arnold Forlemu Asaah , Ndi Jude Nfor , Mbock Jacques Nguend , Bakari Noel Fils , Tambou Harold Giovani Guifo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a surge in the burden of hypertension, and rural communities seem to be increasingly affected by the epidemic. Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension, its associated factors, as well as its awareness, treatment, and control rates in rural communities of the Baham Health District (BHD), Cameroon.Design: A community-based cross-sectional study.Setting: Participants from five health areas in the BHD were recruited from August to October 2018.Participants: Consenting participants aged 18 years or older were included. Results: We included 526 participants in this study. The median age of the participants was 53.0 (IQR = 35 – 65) years and 67.1% were female. The prevalence of hypertension was 40.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 36.7 – 45.1) were hypertensive with no gender disparity. The overall age-standardised prevalence of hypertension was 23.9% (95% CI = 20.3 – 27.5). Five-year increase in age (adjusted odd’s ratio [AOR] = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.23 – 1.44), family history of hypertension (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.37 – 3.60), and obesity were associated with higher odds of hypertension (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.40 – 4.69).The rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were 37.2% (95% CI = 31.0 – 43.9), 20.9% (95% CI = 16.0 – 26.9), and 22.2% (95% CI = 15.2 – 46.5), respectively.Conclusion: The high hypertension prevalence in this rural community is associated with contrastingly low awareness, treatment, and control rates. Age, family history of hypertension, and obesity are the major drivers of hypertension in this community. Veracious policies are needed to improve awareness, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension in this rural community.
Cold Plasma: Clean Technology to Destroy Pathogenic Micro-organisms
Authors: Kar Rajib , Chand Naresh , Bute Arundhati , Maiti Namita , AVSS Narayan Rao , Nagar V. , Shashidhar R. , Patil D.S. , Ghosh S.K. , Sharma A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Atmospheric pressure cold plasma is a promising technology in fighting pathogenic micro-organisms. In times of Covid-19 pandemic, we have decided to modify two types of cold plasma devices to study their effectiveness in the killing of pathogenic micro-organisms. Our studies have shown that both the devices are efficient in this purpose. While pencil like microwave based device can destroy Aeromonas bacteria and bacteriophage from 6 cm distance in 2 minutes, the larger (~ 40 cm2) RF plasma based device could do the similar killing ability for the larger possible area in 4 minutes. OES studies revealed that both these device produce OH radicals which helped in the destruction of both bacteria and bacteriophage. With suitable modification, these devices, especially the larger area device may even be implemented for the elimination of Covid-19 affected wards of hospital without using any sensitive chemical process.
Weak interactions of COVID-19 virus Mpro and peptide-like inhibitor N3: revealing the role of non-conventional hydrogen bonds by theoretical methods
Authors: García-Gutiérrez Ponciano , Zubillaga Rafael A. , Ibarra Ilich A. , Martínez Ana , Vargas Rubicelia , Garza Jorge 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Two models consisting of 469 atoms each one, for the interaction between the N3 inhibitor and the main protease of SARS-CoV (SARS-CoV Mpro) and SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) viruses, were used to reveal by quantum chemistry methods the non-covalent interactions involved in these systems. Through the Density Functional Theory and the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules the main conclusion reached by this study indicates that C-H· · ·O and C-H· · ·H hydrogen bonds are crucial to describe attractive interactions in these complexes. In general, these contacts are overlooked in many studies. However, these non-conventional hydrogen bonds represent more than a half of the energy interaction estimated for non-covalent contacts. These results are quite important for the design of new drugs since these interactions could drive the action mechanisms against these viruses. Hydrogen bonds are crucial to describe correctly the interactions between inhibitors and the main proteases.
Prevalence and Clinical Course of Upper Airway Respiratory Virus Infection in Critically Ill Patients with Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Lee Jongmin , Kim Seok Chan , Rhee Chin Kook , Lee Jaewoong , Lee Jong Wook , Lee Dong-Gun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

The clinical significance of upper airway respiratory virus (RV) detection in patients with hematologic malignancies remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between upper airway RV detection and prognosis in critically ill patients with hematologic malignancies.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included 331 critically ill patients with hematologic malignancies who presented respiratory symptoms and their nasopharyngeal swab was tested using a multiplex PCR assay between January 2017 and December 2018. A logistic regression model was used to adjust for potential confounding factors in the association between assay positivity and in-hospital mortality.

Results

Among the 331 analyzed patients, RVs were detected in 29.0%. The overall mortality rates in the intensive care unit and hospital were 56.8% and 65.9%, respectively. Positive upper airway RV detection was associated with relapsed hematologic malignancies, higher level of C-reactive protein, and prior use of high dose steroids and anti-cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, it was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 2.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 4.54). Among different RVs, parainfluenza virus was more prevalent among patients who died in the hospital than among those who survived (11.5% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.027).

Conclusions

RV detection in the upper respiratory tract was relatively common in our cohort and was significantly associated with a poor prognosis. Thus, it can be used as a predictor of prognosis. Moreover, RV presence in the upper respiratory tract should be examined in patients who have previously been prescribed with high dose corticosteroids and anti-cancer drugs.
COVID-19 and PM2.5 Sodium Chloride content
Authors: Baron Yves Muscat 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Following national lockdown instituting physical distancing, COVID-19 infection and mortality decreased in most countries. Simultaneously due to diminished economic and human activity, the atmospheric levels of PM2.5, an important airborne pollutant, decreased significantly. COVID-19 has been found adherent to PM2.5. PM2.5 has various components including sodium chloride which determines the amount of PM2.5 salt-derived water content. Atmospheric salt content in part determines the sodium chloride content and the consequential hygroscopicity of PM2.5. COVID-19 possesses a C-terminal protein which is hydrophobic.METHOD: The sodium chloride content of the PM2.5 species was assessed in two groups of cities. Cities were chosen as opposed to countries, because substantial regional differences in infection rates were noted between inland and coastal cities. These cities were differentiated by the rate COVID-19 infection and consequent mortality. Atmospheric salt content was obtained from research that assessed chloride ion wet deposition, a proxy for airborne salinity. The salt content of the relevant PM2.5 species was obtained from publications from the various cities assessed.RESULTS: Cities with high COVID-19 infection rates had PM2.5 species with significantly lower salt content than the cities with low Covid-17 infection. The PM2.5 salt content in the cities with elevated COVID-19 rates was 0.196µg/m3 SD 0.05µg/m3, while cities with low COVID-19 rates had a PM2.5 salt content of 0.81µg/m3 SD 0.32µg/m3 (p<0.0001).There was a significant correlation between atmospheric salinity and the salt content of PM2.5. PM2.5 salt content correlated with minimum atmospheric salinity (R=0.53, p < 0.01) and maximum atmospheric salinity (R=0.64, p <0.002). There appears to be an inverse relationship between COVID-19 infection and atmospheric salt content levels. Cities that were spared high COVID-19 infection rates, have higher maximum/minimum atmospheric salinity content levels (216-1080 mgCl/m2/day) compared to sodium chloride levels noted in cities with high COVID-19 rates of infection (40-125. mgCl/m2/day) (p<0.005).CONCLUSION: PM2.5 with low salt content, in the presence of low ambient salinity may be linked to an increased risk of COVID-19 infection in the population.
Vascular Obliteration Due To Endothelial And Myointimal Growth In COVID-19
Authors: Valtueña Jara , Martínez-García Gerardo , Ruiz-Sánchez Daniel , Garayar-Cantero María , Dueñas Carlos , Aguado-García Ángel , Paula Jose María Prieto de , López Pilar Manchado 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a systemic multi-organ viral invasion. Previous studies found that many patients had a procoagulant state and/or severe hypoxemia with relatively well-preserved lung mechanics. Mechanisms underlying the vascular and its surrounding tissue are not well known yet. Histological data in Covid-19 tissues´ patients are still limited and mainly focused on post-mortem analysis. Since SARS-CoV-2 largely affects cutaneous tissue, we aim to assess the pathophysiologic mechanisms in depth in living skin tissue related to Covid-19.Methods: Five skin lesions from caucasian Covid-19 adult patients were selected for cutaneous tissue histological examination including immunohistochemistry (IHC) and direct immunofluorescent (DIF) vast amount of data. Results: A common strong vasculopathic reaction pattern based on prominent vascular endothelial and myointimal cellgrowth was identified. Endothelial cell distortion generated vascular lumen obliteration and a strike erythrocyte and serum extravasation. Extensive significant vascular C4d and C3 deposition throughout vascular cell wall was also identified. A regenerative epidermal hyperplasia with tissue structure preservation was also found. Conclusions: Covid-19 could comprise an obliterative micro-angiopathy consisting on endothelial and myointimal intensive growth with complement activation. This mechanism, together with increased vascular permeability identified, could contribute to obliterative vascular lumen and hemorrhage in Covid-19 disease. Activation of the complement and angiogenic pathways could have an important role in inducing and maintaining this vasculopathic reaction pattern. Thus, anticoagulation by itself could not completely reverse vascular lumen obliteration, with consequent hemorrhagic increased risk associated. Skin is the largest organ in the body, the most accessible one and can mirror other organs of the body. Findings of this study could contribute to a better understanding of physio-pathological mechanisms underlying Covid-19 infection on living tissue and could help further studies find potential targets for specific therapeutic interventions in Covid-19 severe patients.
Association between eating behavior and quarantine/confinement stressors during the Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak
Authors: Haddad Chadia , Kheir Maria Bou , Zakhour Maha , Haddad Rima , Hachach Myriam Al , Sacre Hala , Salameh Pascale 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Quarantine/confinement is an effective measure to face the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Consequently, in response to this stressful situation, people confined to their homes may change their everyday eating behavior. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to evaluate the association between quarantine/confinement stressors and eating behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. The secondary objective is to evaluate the association of quarantine/ confinement stressors and eating behavior amongst two groups of participants selected from the population: individuals attending diet clinics and individuals who are not attending diet clinics.Method: A cross-sectional web-based online survey carried out between April 3 and 18, 2020, enrolled 407 participants from the Lebanese population. Eating Disorder Examination – Questionnaire (EDE-Q) were used to measure the behavioral features of eating disorders. Results: More than half of the sample (53.0%) abide to the home quarantine/confinement, 95.4% were living with someone in the quarantine/confinement and 39.6% continued to work from home. Using the lower scores as reference group, higher fear of COVID-19 was found in 182 (44.8%) participants, higher boredom in 200 (49.2%) participants, higher anger in 187 (46.3%) and higher anxiety in 197 (48.5%) participants. A greater fear of COVID-19 (Beta=0.02), higher BMI (Beta=0.05), and physical activity (Beta=1.04) were significantly associated with a higher restraint score. Higher anxiety, higher fear of COVID-19, higher BMI, practicing physical exercise and higher number of adults living in the quarantine/confinement were significantly associated with a higher shape and weight concern. Conclusion: Our results showed that the fear of COVID-19 was correlated with more restraint eating, weight, and shape concern in the whole sample and more specifically in the dietitian clients group. Public health control measures are needed to define factors of eating disorders during the quarantine/confinement period related to the COVID-19 outbreak.
Zircon survival in shallow asthenosphere and deep lithosphere
Authors: Borisova Anastassia Y. , Bindeman Ilya N. , Toplis Michael J. , Zagrtdenov Nail R. , Guignard Jérémy , Safonov Oleg G. , Bychkov Andrew Y. , Shcheka Svyatoslav , Melnik Oleg E. , Marchelli Marion , Fehrenbach Jerome 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Zircon (ZrSiO4) is the most frequently used geochronometer of terrestrial and extraterrestrial processes. To shed light on question of zircon survival in the Earth's shallow asthenosphere, high-temperature experiments of zircon dissolution in natural mid-ocean ridge basaltic (MORB) and synthetic haplobasaltic melts have been performed at temperatures of 1250–1300 °C and pressures from 0.1 MPa to 0.7 GPa. Zirconium measurements were made in situ by electron probe microanalyses (EPMA) at high current. Taking into account secondary fluorescence effects in zircon-glass pairs during EPMA, a zirconium diffusion coefficient of 2.87E-08 cm2/s was determined at 1300 °C and 0.5 GPa. When applied to the question of zircon survival in asthenospheric melts of tholeiitic basalt composition, the data are used to infer that typical 100 mm zircon crystals dissolve rapidly (~10 h) and congruently upon reaction with basaltic melt at pressures of 0.2–0.7 GPa. We observed incongruent (to crystal ZrO2 and SiO2 in melt) dissolution of zircon in natural mid-ocean ridge the basaltic melt at low pressures &lt;0.2 GPa and in the haplobasaltic melt at 0.7 GPa pressure. Our experimental data raise questions about the origin of zircon crystals in mafic and ultramafic rocks, in particular, in shallow oceanic asthenosphere and deep lithosphere, as well as the meaning of the zircon-based ages estimated from these minerals. The origin of zircon in shallow (ultra-) mafic chambers is likely related to the crystallization of intercumulus liquid. Large zircon megacrysts in kimberlites, peridotites, alkali basalts, and carbonatite magmas suggest fast transport and short interaction durations between zircon and melt. The origin of zircon megacrysts is likely related to metasomatic addition of Zr into the mantle as an episode of mantle melting should eliminate them on geologically short timescales.
Women Offenders as a Social Phenomenon: Transformation and Deformation of Social Roles
Authors: Kranzeeva Elena , Sapegina Ksenia 
Published: May 2020

The research featured women offenders as a social phenomenon associated with the social role of women. The study was based on the socio-role approach. The authors defined women's crime as an integral part of all crimes committed by women on a certain territory over a certain time period. The statistics of female crime in Russia and its regions came from the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, the Chief Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Kemerovo Region, and the Territorial Authority of the Federal State Statistics Service. The authors also analyzed cases of fraud related to maternity capital funds. Firstly, female crime proved an integral part of crime in general; it has its own specifics and is directly related to the roles that women play in society. Secondly, women commit mostly profit-related crimes, e.g. theft or fraud, while murder proved more typical of men. Thirdly, maternity fund fraud appeared to be a relatively new type of crime. Apparently, its female character is associated with childbearing and maternal function. Swindlers see new opportunities in maternal funds, and a woman in distress can easily become an instrument of their criminal activity.
Interactions of Fish Proteins and Volatile Flavor Compounds: Mechanisms, Affecting Factors and Analytical Methods
Authors: Zhang Jianyou , Chen Zhiming , Wang Zhen , Chen Lifan , Ding Yuting , Lyu Fei , Zhou Xuxia 
Published: May 2020

:
The removal of volatile compounds with unfavorable fishy odor from fish has attracted
considerable research attention especially in surimi production industry. The binding of these volatile
compounds by fish proteins are reported to affect the deodorization of fishy odor. To remove the protein-
bound fishy substances effectively, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between proteins
and flavor substances and methods that can extract and analyze the aromatic substances have been
extensively studied. This paper briefly reviews the typical fishy compounds and the combination
modes and mechanisms of fish proteins with these compounds. Moreover, factors affecting the interactions
including protein conformation and solution conditions are discussed in detail.