bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frauen und Gicht – eine diagnostische Herausforderung
Authors: Giordano Anna , Aringer Martin , Tausche Anne-Kathrin 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Von Gicht sind überwiegend Männer betroffen (m:w; 9:1). Zur Diagnosestellung werden daher in der Regel die klinischen Merkmale einer akuten Monarthritis der unteren Extremität beim Mann herangezogen. Im Moment ist die Datenlage zur Gicht bei Frauen begrenzt. Bei ihnen wird die Gicht oft nicht in die Differenzialdiagnosen einer Arthritis einbezogen. Wir untersuchten daher die Epidemiologie und klinische Präsentation der Gicht bei Frauen und verglichen sie mit denen der Gicht bei Männern. In der Folge wurden die Daten auf Merkmale analysiert, welche bei Frauen die Gicht von Arthritiden anderer Genese unterscheiden und damit Fehldiagnosen vermeiden helfen können.Methoden Retrospektiv wurden alle Patienten eingeschlossen, die zwischen 2012 und 2018 mit einer primären Entlassungsdiagnose einer Gicht (ICD-10 M10.XX) am Universitätsklinikum Dresden behandelt wurden. Es wurden klinische, laborchemische sowie radiologische Befunde erfasst und deskriptiv sowie multivariat mittels SPSS und R analysiert. In einem zweiten Schritt wurden die Daten von Frauen mit Gichtarthritis mit denen ohne Gicht (Monarthritis anderer Genese) verglichen und mittels univariater sowie multivariater Regressionsanalyse auf Signifikanz geprüft.Resultate Insgesamt wurden 238 Gicht-Patienten (71 Frauen, 167 Männer) eingeschlossen. Frauen dieser Kohorte waren bei Diagnosestellung im Mittel 20 Jahre älter als Männer und hatten dann insgesamt häufiger mehrere Komorbiditäten: 92% aller Gichtpatientinnen litten an einer Hypertonie (Männer 74%), 84% hatten eine eGFR<60 ml/min (Männer 52%) und 40% hatten kardiovaskuläre Vorereignisse (Männer 14%). 90% nahmen regelmäßig Diuretika ein (Männer 47%). Fast die Hälfte der Frauen hatte bereits eine manifeste Polyarthrose (47 vs. 30% der Männer). Klinisch trat bei Frauen seltener die klassische MTP I-Arthritis (69 vs. 84%) auf. Der Vergleich von Frauen mit durch mikroskopischen Kristallnachweis gesicherter Gicht und Frauen mit Kristall-negativer Monarthritis zeigte signifikante Unterschiede: Frauen mit Gicht waren älter und wiesen signifikant häufiger eine Hypertonie oder kardiovaskuläre Erkrankung, einen Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, einen adipösen Habitus auf oder nahmen Diuretika ein. Bestanden zudem eine eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion sowie eine Hyperurikämie, lag mit hoher Sicherheit eine Gicht vor.Schlussfolgerungen Die Gicht muss bei einer akuten Monarthritis auch bei Frauen in die Differenzialdiagnose einbezogen werden. Das gilt besonders ab dem Rentenalter und wenn Hypertonie, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 oder Adipositas vorliegen und Diuretika Teil der Dauermedikation sind. Die Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion und eine Serumharnsäure von>390 µmol/l (>6,5 mg/dL) machen eine Gicht sehr wahrscheinlich.
Ynoate-Initiated Selective C–N Esterification of Tertiary Amines under Transition-Metal and Oxidant-Free Conditions
Authors: Feng Huangdi , Huang Junhai , Sun Feixiang , Huang Liliang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn efficient and selective method for metal- and oxidant-free deaminated esterification of tertiary amines is presented. In this protocol, ynoates play a key role to activate the Csp3–N bond through a process of in situ generation of zwitterionic salts. The transformations show that Csp3–N bond in the zwitterionic species has a lower dissociation energy than Csp2–N bond, leading to break preferentially and be trapped by carboxylic acids to generate the corresponding products in moderate to good yield.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Phaeocaulisin D
Authors: Yuan Yu , Ezzat Nameer , Bobek Katelyn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe tropone sesquiterpene phaeocaulisin D, isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis, has previously been shown to inhibit nitric oxide production in macrophages. A total synthesis of phaeocaulisin D was accomplished by using an intramolecular cyclization–dearomatization as a key step. The highlights of the synthesis are effective formation of the 5–7 fused tropone system, and selective methylation of a late-stage intermediate.
Aortic Root Remodeling in Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Ehrlich Tristan , Karliova Irem , Froede Lennart , Giebels Christian , Kunihara Takashi , Schäfers Hans-Joachim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the long-term results of remodeling in acute aortic dissection type A (AADA) to define operative risk and root and valve stability.
Methods Between October 1995 and December 2018, a total of 352 patients were treated surgically for AADA. Of these, 90 patients with AADA (<2 weeks from onset; age: 57 ± 15 years; 70 males) with a root diameter of >43 to 45 mm (depending on patient size) (48 ± 4.1 mm) underwent aortic root remodeling and were analyzed further. As the control group, we chose the patients with normally sized aortic roots who had been treated by tubular replacement only (n = 227). Other procedures were performed in 35 cases.
Results Early mortality was 9% in the remodeling group versus 15% in the tubular ascending aortic replacement (TAR). Actuarial survival at 10 and 15 years was 68 ± 5% and 58.3 ± 6.4%, respectively, in the root remodeling group versus 68 ± 4% and 66 ± 4% in the TAR group (p = 0.99). Freedom from reoperation on the aortic valve or root was 95 ± 3% at 10 years and at 89 ± 6% at 15 years. Freedom from proximal reoperation after TAR at 10 and 15 years was 93 ± 3% and 91 ± 3% (n = 31 patients at risk), respectively, not statistically different from that after remodeling (p = 0.75).
Conclusions The long-term stability of aortic root remodeling for enlarged roots with AADA was comparable to TAR preserving a normal aortic root.
Heteroglossia in mother tongue instruction in Sweden and the development of plurilingual literacies
Authors: Reath Warren Anne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article analyses how perceptions of and approaches to teaching linguistically heterogeneous groups in mother tongue instruction (MTI) in Sweden impact on the development of plurilingual literacies in that context. Linguistic ethnographic data collected over 12 months in classrooms and schools where MTI takes place were thematically categorized and data from the most prominent category, heterogeneity, were further coded into the heteroglossic categories of multidiscursivity and multivoicedness (Todorov 1984). The continua of biliteracy provides an additional interpretative framework. Results show that heteroglossic discursive practices involving diverse linguistic repertoires are commonly reported on and observed in MTI classrooms, and are viewed both as a resource for and an obstacle to learning. These results contribute to discussions on organizational and pedagogical approaches that work with rather than against heteroglossia, through resourceful use of languages to enhance learning in MTI and potentially other subjects as well.
A fixed point for black hole distributions
Authors: Gálvez Ghersi José T , Stein Leo C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Understanding distributions of black holes is crucial to both astrophysics and quantum gravity. Studying astrophysical population statistics has even been suggested as a channel to constrain black hole formation from the quantum vacuum. Here we propose a Gedankenexperiment to show that the non-linear properties of binary mergers (simulated with accurate surrogate models) generate an attractor in the space of distributions. Our results show that the joint distribution of spin magnitude and fractional mass loss evolves to a fixed point, converging in a few generations. The features of this fixed point distribution do not depend on the choice of the initial distributions in the range of mass ratios that we are able to probe. Since a black hole merger is irreversible it produces entropy—possibly the largest source of entropy in the Universe. The fixed-point distributions are neither isothermal nor isentropic, and initially thermodynamic states evolve away from thermality. We finally evaluate the specific entropy production rate per merger from initially thermal and non-thermal distributions, which converges to a constant.
Theory of polarization-averaged core-level molecular-frame photoelectron angular distributions: II. Extracting the x-ray-induced fragmentation dynamics of carbon monoxide dication from forward and backward intensities
Authors: Ota F , Hatada K , Sébilleau D , Ueda K , Yamazaki K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent developments in high-repetition-rate x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) such as the European XFEL and the LSCS-II, combined with coincidence measurements using the COLTRIMS-reaction microscope, are now opening a door to realize the long-standing dream of creating molecular movies of photo-induced chemical reactions in gas-phase molecules. In this paper, we propose a new theoretical method to experimentally visualize the dissociation of diatomic molecules via time-resolved polarization-averaged molecular-frame photoelectron angular distribution (PA-MFPAD) measurements using the COLTRIMS-reaction microscope and the two-color XFEL pump–probe set-up. We used first- and second-order scattering theory within the muffin-tin approximation, which is valid for a sufficiently high kinetic energy of photoelectrons, typically above 100 eV, and for long bond lengths. This leads to a simple extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)-type formula for the forward and backward scattering peaks in the PA-MFPAD structure. This formula relies only on three semi-empirical parameters obtainable from the time-resolved measurements. It can be used as a ‘bond length ruler’ on experimental results. The accuracy and applicability of the new ruler equation are numerically examined against the PA-MFPADs of CO2+ calculated with full-potential multiple scattering theory as a function of the C–O bond length reported in the preceding work (Ota et al J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt.). The bond lengths retrieved from the PA-MFPADs via our EXAFS-like formula coincide within an accuracy of 0.1 Å with the original C–O bond lengths used in the reference ab initio PA-MFPADs. We expect time-resolved PA-MFPADs to become a new attractive tool to make molecular movies visualizing intramolecular reactions.
Photon-excitation photon-emission maps (PhexPhem maps) with rovibronic resolution as a data base for theory and astrophysics part I: method and first results for H2
Authors: Schmidt Philipp , Knie Andre , Hans Andreas , Hosaka Kouichi , Ukai Masatoshi , Glass-Maujean Michele , Ehresmann Arno 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dispersed fluorescence of wavelengths between 75 and 180 nm has been recorded after excitation of room temperature

H

2

X

1

Σ

g

+

v
=
0

by narrow bandwidth monochromatized synchrotron radiation. Spectra have been taken in the exciting-photon energy range between 11 and 18 eV for discrete energy steps of 2.5 meV at a bandwidth of about 10 meV. The exciting-photon energy bandwidth has been narrow enough to induce transitions between individual rovibronic states. The resolution in the dispersed fluorescence detection was partly sufficient to resolve fluorescent transitions between individual rovibronic states. The recorded intensities are presented as two-dimensional photon-excitation photon-emission (PhexPhem) maps. They give a complete overview of experimental dispersed VUV/ FUV fluorescence spectra of H2 for these excitation energies, covering excitation from

H

2

X

1

Σ

g

+

v
=
0

to all known singly excited states. The presented proof of principle experiments show a way to generate spectroscopic reference data for theory benchmarking and the interpretation of astrophysical observations.
Anisotropic electronic and plasmonic properties of 2H-TiS2
Authors: Mazaherifar Mohsen , Elahi Mohammad , Pourfath Mahdi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Plasmon characteristics in a monolayer of 2H-TiS2 in the presence of strain are carefully analyzed by employing the density functional theory along with random phase approximation. The anisotropic properties of 2H-TiS2 are carefully analyzed under biaxial strains. An anisotropic semi-Dirac cone in the electronic band-structure is observed at a specific biaxial strain configuration. This unique characteristic can be explained by the hybridization of orbitals at the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum which can be effectively tuned by applying strain. The effect of anisotropic electronic band-structure on the properties of plasmons is investigated by utilizing the electron energy loss spectrum analysis. A

q

dispersion along the Γ−K direction and a linear dispersion along the

Γ
−

M

′

were found. The linear dispersion characterizes an extrinsic acoustic plasmon mode that can be tuned by the carrier concentration.
Superconductivity in the three-band model of cuprates: nodal direction characteristics and influence of intersite interactions
Authors: Zegrodnik M , Biborski A , Fidrysiak M , Spałek J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The three-band Emery model is applied to study the selected principal features of the d-wave superconducting phase in the copper-based compounds. The electron–electron correlations are taken into account by the use of the diagrammatic expansion of the Guztwiller wave function (DE-GWF method). The nodal Fermi velocity, Fermi momentum, and effective mass are all determined in the paired state and show relatively good agreement with the available experimental data, as well as with the corresponding single-band calculations. Additionally, the influence of the next-nearest neighbor oxygen–oxygen hopping and intersite Coulomb repulsion terms on the superconducting phase is analyzed.
A four-terminal-pair Josephson impedance bridge combined with a graphene-quantized Hall resistance
Authors: Bauer S , Behr R , Elmquist R E , Götz M , Herick J , Kieler O , Kruskopf M , Lee J , Palafox L , Pimsut Y , Schurr J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper introduces a four-terminal-pair impedance bridge based on pulse-driven Josephson junctions arrays which is designed to link any kind of impedance to the quantized Hall resistance. The unique features of the quantized Hall resistance in a multiple series connection allows to dispense a combining network and leads to a compact and simple design of the whole setup. Moreover, the low noise of a quantized Hall resistance reduces the measurement time compared to resistance standards at room temperature which is essential for the characterization of quantum Hall devices in the AC regime. A first measurement campaign confirmed the expected low noise of 1.82

n
V

/

H
z

for a link to a 10 nF capacitance standard. The repeatability of the bridge was found to be few parts in 108. Capacitance and resistance standards were measured at 1233.15 Hz against graphene based quantum Hall resistance devices.
Determination of the real quantum yield of the heterogeneous photocatalytic H2 production reaction and insights
Authors: Jing Dengwei , Luo Bing , Liu Huan , Guo Liejin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Determination of the real quantum yield (QY) of a heterogeneous photocatalytic H2 production reaction is crucial and challenging. Here, we constructed a setup enabling the exact measurement of the number of incident photons received by photo-vessel, and the directly absorbed part by photocatalysts, thus achieving simultaneous determination of QY and apparent quantum yield (AQY). It turns out that over the whole investigated wavelength region, the value of AQY is significantly smaller than that of QY. For instance, the AQY and QY of Cd0.5Zn0.5S were measured as 40% and 70% at 420 nm, respectively. We have demonstrated that a lot of incident photons are scattered by the photocatalyst particles and dissipated, instead of being absorbed and converted. It indicates that the true photocatalytic performance of a photocatalyst could have been severely underestimated in the past by AQY in previous studies. Therefore, our work should be valuable for accurate catalytic efficiency evaluation of a photocatalyst, and contributes to the rapid development of the technology.
Low-temperature plasma polymerized fluorocarbon coating promotes surface charge dissipation in polystyrene
Authors: Zhang Penghao , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Chuansheng , Kong Fei , Yan Ping , Shao Tao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) is a common insulating material in pulsed power devices, which has excellent and reliable insulation properties. However, the charge accumulation on the insulator surface seriously threatens its surface insulation property. Surface modification has been verified as an effective way for inhibiting surface charge accumulation. In this paper, plasma polymerized fluorocarbon (PPFC) coating was prepared by low-temperature plasma polymerization in the mixture of methyl-methacrylate and dodecafluoroheptyl-methacrylate (DFHMA). Compared with the untreated PS, the surface charge dissipation rate of PPFC coating is increased by more than 6 times. The introduction of DFHMA makes the coating have no obvious ageing effect after the storage, and has good reusability after the surface flashover. This work provides a new method for modification of polymer dielectrics and a novel way for the preparation of high-charge-dissipation polymers in other related fields.
Many-particle induced band renormalization processes in few- and mono-layer MoS2
Authors: Yue Yuan-Yuan , Wang Zhuo , Wang Lei , Wang Hai-Yu , Chen Yang , Wang Dan , Chen Qi-Dai , Gao Bing-Rong , Wee Andrew T S , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Band renormalization effects play a significant role for two-dimensional (2D) materials in designing a device structure and customizing their optoelectronic performance. However, the intrinsic physical mechanism about the influence of these effects cannot be revealed by general steady-state studies. Here, band renormalization effects in organic superacid treated monolayer MoS2, untreated monolayer MoS2 and few-layer MoS2 are quantitatively analyzed by using broadband femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. In comparison with the untreated monolayer, organic superacid treated monolayer MoS2 maintains a direct bandgap structure with two thirds of carriers populated at K valley, even when the initial exciton density is as high as 2.05 × 1014 cm−2 (under 400 nm excitations). While for untreated monolayer and few-layer MoS2, many-particle induced band renormalizations lead to a stronger imbalance for the carrier population between K and Q valleys in k space, and the former experiences a direct-to-indirect bandgap transition when the initial exciton density exceeds 5.0 × 1013 cm−2 (under 400 nm excitations). Those many-particle induced band renormalization processes further suggest a band-structure-controlling method in practical 2D devices.
A framework for automated time-resolved analysis of cell colony growth after irradiation
Authors: Koch Robin A , Harmel Christoph , Alber Markus , Bahn Emanuel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Understanding dose-dependent survival of irradiated cells is a pivotal goal in radiotherapy and radiobiology. To this end, the clonogenic assay is the standard in vitro method, classifying colonies into either clonogenic or non-clonogenic based on a size threshold at a fixed time. Here we developed a methodological framework for the automated analysis of time course live-cell image data to examine in detail the growth dynamics of large numbers of colonies that occur during such an experiment. We developed a segmentation procedure that exploits the characteristic composition of phase-contrast images to identify individual colonies. Colony tracking allowed us to characterize colony growth dynamics as a function of dose by extracting essential information: (a) colony size distributions across time; (b) fractions of differential growth behavior; and (c) distributions of colony growth rates across all tested doses. We analyzed three data sets from two cell lines (H3122 and RENCA) and made consistent observations in line with already published results: (i) colony growth rates are normally distributed with a large variance; (ii) with increasing dose, the fraction of exponentially growing colonies decreases, whereas the fraction of delayed abortive colonies increases; as a novel finding, we observed that (iii) mean exponential growth rates decrease linearly with increasing dose across the tested range (0–10 Gy). The presented method is a powerful tool to examine live colony growth on a large scale and will help to deepen our understanding of the dynamic, stochastic processes underlying the radiation response in vitro.
Simultaneous needle catheter selection and dwell time optimization for preplanning of high-dose-rate brachytherapy of prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Chao , Gonzalez Yesenia , Shen Chenyang , Hrycushko Brian , Jia Xun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose. Needle catheter positions critically affect the quality of treatment plans in prostate cancer high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy. The current standard needle positioning approach is based on human intuition, which cannot guarantee a high-quality plan. This study proposed a method to simultaneously select needle catheter positions and determine dwell time for preplanning of HDR brachytherapy of prostate cancer. Methods. We formulated the needle catheter selection problem and inverse dwell time optimization problem in a unified framework. In addition to the dose objectives of the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs), the objective function incorporated a group-sparsity term with a needle-specific adaptive weighting scheme to generate high-quality plans with the minimal number of needle catheters. The optimization problem was solved by a fast-iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm. For validation purposes, we tested the proposed algorithm on 10 patient cases previously treated at our institution and compared the resulting plans with plans generated using needle catheters selected manually. Results. Compared to the plan with manually selected needle catheters, when normalizing both plans to the same PTV coverage V
100% = 95%, the plans generated by the proposed algorithm reduced median V
125% from 65% to 64%, but increased median V
150% from 35% to 38%, and V
200% from 14% to 16%. All planning objectives were met. All clinically important dosimetric parameters of OARs were reduced. D
1cc of bladder and rectum were reduced from 8.57 Gy to 8.50 Gy and from 7.24 Gy to 6.80 Gy, respectively. D
max of urethra was reduced from 15.85 Gy to 15.77 Gy. The median number of selected needle catheters was reduced by two. The computational time for solving the proposed optimization problem was ∼90 s using MATLAB. Conclusion. The proposed algorithm was able to generate plans for prostate cancer HDR brachytherapy preplanning with increased median conformity index (0.73–0.77) and slightly lower median homogeneity index (0.64–0.62) with the number of selected needles reduced by two compared to the manual needle selection approach.