bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of climate change on arabica suitability area and opportunities to reduce vulnerability
Authors: Muslihah I N , Karuniasa M , Herawati Tuti 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Arabica is a global premium coffee commodity whose land suitability is vulnerable to climate change. The presence of exposure and sensitivity will have a potential impact such as a decrease in the quality and quantity of production. This study analyzes how the level of vulnerability of climate change to the development of land suitability of Arabica species and analyzes the potential of Arabica agroforestry by the community. The method used is quantitative with a quantitative approach that utilizes secondary data for spatial processing. Modeling results show that climate change leaves 6% of the area that has the suitability of Arabica species in Indonesia at this time. There is a 67% loss of land suitability nationally and has the potential to shift the new land suitability area by 28% in 2050. Many areas are at a moderate level of vulnerability that is lost, which is 87% of the total land suitability loss. The areas that have a very high value of climate change vulnerability is not necessarily a highly degraded land. The development of Arabica coffee agroforestry can contribute 29% to efforts to increase adaptation capacity to reduce climate change vulnerability from the perspective of land use diversification.
Coffee agribusiness development strategy in North Benteng Alla Village, South Sulawesi
Authors: Tenriawaru A N , Hadman A B , Summase I , Fudjaja L , Amiruddin A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is formulate a coffee agribusiness development strategy in Benteng Alla Utara Village, Baroko District, Enrekang Regency. The analysis used in this study was descriptive qualitative data analysis aimed at explaining the condition of coffee agribusiness, income analysis aims to determine the income level of coffee farmers in Benteng Alla Utara Village, SWOT analysis is used to determine the alternatives that can be done by coffee agribusiness players, especially in the on-farm subsystem and design the right strategy for coffee agribusiness development in Benteng Alla Village, North Baroko District, Enrekang Regency. The results of this study indicate that the coffee agribusiness conditions in Benteng Alla utara village have links between each subsystem. So it needs to be developed again. The strategy that must be done is to increase coffee production by optimizing various existing resources, so that farmers can increase their income. eveloping the market and share of the coffee market, including farmers in coffee agribusiness training activities in order to add insight to farmers to develop their coffee farming. And carry out intensive rejuvenation and maintenance a ctivities of coffee plants and the use of technology that is good for farming and post-harvest processes.
Growth and production of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) by adding coconut water to agricultural waste as a carbon source media
Authors: Rahmat  , Rahim Iradhatullah , Putera Muh. Ikbal , Asrul Laode 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
White oyster mushroom is a mushroom consumption that is popular with people and has a high nutritional value. The growth medium for this fungus is a carbon-based agricultural waste that has a high lignocellulose content. The research objective is to discover the best growing media for the growth and production of oyster mushrooms. Three carbon source growing media used are oil palm empty fruit bunches, corncobs, and sawdust. Media mixed with bran and lime then soaked up to 30% water, mixed with coconut water, and carried out sterilization for 8 hours. The study was arranged using a factorial design based on a randomized block design. Data collection is done by observing the time of the pinhead’s emergence and the time taken by the fungus mycelium to fill the baglog. The results showed that the oil palm empty fruit bunches media gave the fastest growth of oyster mushrooms, which was 35 days with 14.5 fruiting fruit bodies. This shows another potential of oil palm empty fruit bunches as a cultivation medium, which so far has only been used for the polymer fiber and fertilizer industry.
The globalizing of copra and coconut oil industry of Makassar before the second world war
Authors: Asba Abd. Rasyid , Evita Andi Lili , Rahman Fathu , Nur Nahdia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article is aimed at clarifying the long term historical relationship of production, banking, and industry in economic growth that led Makassar (Indonesia) as the biggest copra exporter of the world. The historical fact showed that the policies in copra production, banking, and industry were the determinant factors that made Makassar either as a center of economic growth in eastern Indonesia and being a part of copra trading and coconut oil network of the world. The economic condition of Makassar as a growth center in the eastern Indonesia region, banking expectation, the coconut oil industry in local as well as global trading are also discussed. The role of the local trading system that had been established is also elaborated concerning the industrial copra process while the global trading system is viewed according to the banking role. The data in this article were taken from archives and historical records in Indonesia and in the Netherlands as well.
Evaluation of CropSyst model in simulating the growth and production of Katokkon chili (Capsicum chinense Jacq)
Authors: Kaimuddin  , Syam’un Elkawakib , Ruslan Nurjannah , Iswoyo Hari , Ridwan Ifayanti , Yassi Amir , Ramba Tandu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the CropSyst model in simulating the growth and production of Katokkon. The research was carried out from December 2018 to May 2019 in two stages: the first stage was in To’pao Village in Tana Toraja Regency and Tallang Sura Village in North Toraja Regency, and the second stage was in the Agro-climatology and Biostatistics Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. The method used in this research was survey method and simulation method with CropSyst. The survey method was used to obtain information regarding some phenology and production of three Katokkon plant sources ie. Leatung 1, Leatung 2 and Limbong Sapolo. While the simulation method with CropSyst was carried out by incorporating all information obtained in the first stage to run the model. The results of this study indicate that the productivity of the Katokkon chili at the two study sites are similar to the output of the CropSyst model. Katokkon chili productivity in To’pao Village simulated by the model was 6.87 ton/ha while observed yield was 6.60 ton/ha. The productivity of the Katokkon chili in Tallang Sura Village were 6.74 and 6.63 ton/ha for the simulated and observed, respectively. Index of Agreement (d) at the two research locations shows that the CropSyst model can accurately predict the productivity of the Katokkon chili from Leatung 2 (d = 0.54) compared to the Katokkon chili from Limbong Sampolo (d = 0, 51) and Leatung 1 (d = 0.48).
Water requirement for cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) plant and the effect of climate factors on the distribution of the cocoa pod borer attacks (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) in North Luwu Regency using Cropwat 8.0
Authors: Kaimuddin  , Mustari K , A Khairunnisa , Zul Farmy , Bahrun A H , Ridwan I , Widiayani N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The research aims to determine the water requirements level for cocoa plant growth, and study the effect of climate factor on the area of cocoa pod borer attack. The research was conducted from April to July 2019 in Batu Alang Village, Sabbang district, North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. The research consisted of two stages ie. Survey (literature study, observations, and interviews) to obtain dataset for climate, soil and cocoa plant growth and desktop study (simulation using Cropwat 8.0) to run the model using dataset previously obtained from the survey. The results show that evapotranspiration of cocoa (ETc) on stage 1 is 106.53, Stage 2 is 114.2, Stage 3 is 106.2, and Stage 4 is 85.1. Based on the ETc and the effective rainfall values in the study sites, water needs of cocoa plants in North Luwu Regency for all growth stages are adequate. The highest attack area of cocoa pod borer of 8332 ha occurred in February attributed to climatic conditions with an average temperature of 27.2 °C, 81% humidity, and 308 mm rainfall. On the other hand, the lowest attack area was 3224 ha in May that can be attributed to an average air temperature of 27.4 °C, 83% humidity, and 384 mm rainfall. Some climate factors do not have significant influence on the development and the widespread of the cocoa pod borer attacks.
Weeds diversity and the production of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) due to the application of azolla fertilizers and oxyfluorfen
Authors: Padjung R , Syam’un E , Haring F , Mantja K , Kasim N , Suni Y 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the growth and production responses of shallot plants to the application of azolla fertilizer and oxifluorfen herbicide. This research was conducted in Balubu Village, Belopa District, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi (3°23′32″ South latitude and 120°19′56″ East longitude) from February to April 2019. The study site was located at an altitude of 20 meters above sea level with average monthly rainfall of 151-200 mm/month. The study was conducted as experimental research based on a Split Plot Design. Azolla fertilizer was set as the main plot consisted of three levels, namely control, 3, and 6 tons ha−1 and the oxyfluorfen concentration was set as the sub plots consisted of four levels, namely control, 2, 4, and 6 cc L−1. Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times. The results show that the application of 6 ton per hectare of azolla fertilizer resulted in the highest average plant height at 42 days after planting (27.91 cm), bulb diameter (20.78 mm), bulbs fresh weight per plant (24.72 g), bulbs dry weight per plant (19.73 g), bulbs fresh wet per plot (1112.25 g), bulbs dry weight per plot (888 g), and production per hectare of 8.88 ton ha−1. Oxifluorfen treatment with a concentration of 6 cc L−1 effectively controlled the dominant weeds of onion plants such as Synedrella nodiflora, Mimosa pudica, and Stachytarpheta jamaicensis with the lowest average number of individual weed per plot of 6.00 weeds.
Higher NPK nutrients absorption due to the use of humic acid affects the growth and yield of baby corn applied with mungbean extract
Authors: Ulfa Fachirah , Ridwan Ifayanti , Mustari Kahar , Dachlan Amirullah , Iswoyo Hari , Hasmi  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aims to determine the growth and production of baby corn plants due to application of humic acid and mungbean sprouts extract. The study was conducted at the Teaching Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar from March to May 2018. This study used a factorial two-factor design that was arranged based on a randomized block design. The first factor was the application of humic acid consisted of control, 20, and 25 kg ha−1. While the second factor was the mungbean sprout extract concentration consisted of control, 5, 15, and 25 ppm. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, resulted in 36 experimental units. The results show that humic acid treatment can increase NPK uptake by corn plants and improve soil chemical properties. However, the two treatments had no significant effect on the growth and production of the baby corn plants. Application of 25 kg ha−1 humic acid and 25 ppm mungbean sprouts extract showed the best results on the parameters of the plant height (107.28 cm) and the highest number of leaves (15.56 leaves). Highest production per hectare was obtained both from the application of 20 kg ha−1 humic acid and 5 ppm of mungbean sprouts extract, and application of 25 kg ha−1 humic acid and with 15 ppm of mungbean sprout extract.
Characteristic and quality of silk fabric colored using natural dyes
Authors: Zalsabila  , Yusuf N , Arung A , Syahidah  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Environmental issues have become important nowadays, and there is a trend to reduce polluting materials used. As in the textile industry, consumers prefer to choose the natural dyes fabric than synthetic dyes. The aim of this study is to find out the natural dye materials from henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis L.), sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan), and dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus costaricensis) on silk fabrics and to analyze the quality of silk that colored using natural dyes. The natural dyes were then applied to the silk and then performed testing quality of silk color. The results showed that the natural dyes mostly produce the pastel colors, where henna leaves performed a pastel green color, peel of dragon fruit performed baby pink color, and the sappan wood performed dusty pink. According to the quality test, all-natural dyes showed a bad resistance toward washing at 40°C and a bad fade resistance to acid sweat, but on the contrary, they perform a good resistance to bases sweat. It can be concluded that all the silk that has been colored by natural dyes indicated higher tensile strength compared to the silk without dye.
Compatibility of land use with spatial patterns of the Pangkajene Watershed
Authors: Aspin  , Wahyuni  , Arsyad U 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This research purposed was to investigate land use and identify the suitability of land use with spatial patterns as well as determine the suitability between land use with regional spatial plans in the Pangkajene watershed. Two types of data were collected in the study; primary data in the form of land use data, and secondary data as the spatial plan map. The data obtained were analyzed by interpretation, accuracy test, and overlay to determine the suitability of land use with spatial patterns. The results showed ten classifications of land use. The land use, which compatible with the spatial pattern, was 68.08%, and 31.92% was not. The directions for use are in the form of reforestation on secondary forest land use, grasslands, mixed-land dryland agriculture, and shrubs. Land use management can be applied with reforestation, animal farming, and construction of terraces, both accompanied by ground cover plants and terrace reinforcement in the use of paddy fields.
Compatibility of land use with spatial patterns of the Saddang Hulu Subwatershed
Authors: Sumule V C Y , Arsyad U , Bachtiar B , Wahyuni  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to identify the land use and analyze the compatibility between land use with the spatial pattern of the Saddang Hulu Subwatershed. This study was conducted from March to May 2018, located in the Saddang Hulu Subwatershed. The data consisted of primary and secondary data, which primary data were collected from the field, and the secondary data were spatial plan and other supporting data. The data were analyzed by interpretation, accuracy test, and determination of compatibility. The results showed that 82.27% of the land use was compatible with the spatial pattern, while 17.73% was not. Incompatible land use directed towards community forestry with agroforestry and intensification patterns.
Application of corn cultivation techniques by smallholder farmers
Authors: Bahrun A H , Amin R , Alimin F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted in one of Indonesian South Sulawesi’s regencies i.e. Sidenreng Rappang and specifically in three sub-districts namely Pancalautang, Tellulimpoe, and Watangpulu district. The study aimed to identify and evaluate maize cultivation techniques implemented by smallholder farmers in the three sub-districts. The study employed a survey by collecting primary and secondary data. Primary data include the details on farmers identity and farm related data, including all aspects of cultivation of maize in the field. The secondary data included general conditions study location and recommended farming practices. Site and farmer selection was determined based on the number of households that cultivate maize. Of the six villages determined, namely Teppo, Baula, Wanio, Lise, Mattirotasi, and Buae, 20 sample farmers were selected each based on their level of education, experience and participation in a farmer group. The results indicated that the maize cultivation technique implemented by the smallholder farmers was not in accordance with the recommendations, especially regarding land preparation, fertilizing, spacing, and crop protection. Based on this study, assistance and supports for these farmers need to become high consideration by the government.
Growth of cacao seedlings on application of several sawdust compost composition enriched with Trichoderma sp.
Authors: Rafiuddin  , Nasaruddin  , Osmar H Y 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the response of the growth of cocoa seedlings in a variety of sawdust compost and Trichoderma sp compositions. The research was conducted in the form of a factorial experiment arranged with Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors. The first factor was the ratio of sawdust compost to manure: 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The second factor was the dose of Trichoderma, namely: 2 g per polybag, 4 g per polybag, and 6 g per polybag. The results showed that the application of compost composition of sawdust-manure 1: 2 gave the best results in several variables namely plant height (34.64 cm), number of leaves (21.24 strands), stem diameter (8.56 mm), chlorophyll index (138.76), total chlorophyll a (518.77 μmol.m-2), amount of b-chlorophyll (347.42 μmol.m-2), and total leaf chlorophyll (775.12 μmol.m-2). Application of Trichoderma sp. with a dose of 4 g per polybag gave the highest results in parameters of plant height (33.57 cm), leaf area (12.43 cm2) and Leaf Mass Area (LMA) (0.00334 g / cm2). There was no interaction between the sawdust compost composition treatment with addition of Trichoderma on all observed parameters.
Response of two melon varieties to combination of growing media enriched with baglog waste compost
Authors: Mantja K , Dermawan R , Iswoyo H , Peniwati  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a growing media combination with addition of baglog waste compost and several livestock manure on the growth and production of two varieties of melon (Cucumis melo L.). The research was designed with a Split Plot Design. The main plot was melon variety consisting of Action 434 and Glamor varieties. Subplots were planting media consisting of several combinations, namely soil + baglog waste compost (2:1), soil + baglog waste compost + chicken manure (2:1:1), soil + baglog waste compost + cow manure (2:1:1), and soil + baglog waste compost + goat manure (2:1:1). The results showed that the Glamor variety gave the best leaf area (108.66 cm2). Treatment of soil + baglog waste compost + chicken manure gave the best leaf area (122.01 cm2), highest leaf chlorophyll content (41.77 mg/cm2), longest root length (52.18 cm) and the largest fruit diameter (42.33 cm). The treatment of soil + baglog waste compost + cow manure gave the heaviest fruit weight (0.75 kg) and the highest fruit sweetness level (8.22 °brix).
An assessment on land typology and achievement of government target for green space area development according to spatial plan 2005-2015 of Makassar city
Authors: Iswoyo H , Dariati T , Junardi D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to identify green open spaces in Makassar City and evaluate the achievement of Makassar City green open space target based on the 2005-2015 spatial planning document. This research was conducted by collecting, managing primary data and secondary data in the form of spatial and attribute data. Analog spatial data was converted into digital spatial data using the Geographic Information System by digitizing the map using the Arcgis 10.3 application. Following the desk work, a field survey was conducted to determine the existing condition of the field. Based on the evaluation of the city spatial plan, this study introduced 17 typologies of land coverages. The evaluation of green area in 2017 revealed there were 3 zones with green area that were larger than the target set by the Makassar City spatial plan for 2005-2015. They are the maritime area zone, and research and cultural development zone. However. there were other zones whose green areas found in this study to be smaller than the target according to Makassar City spatial plan 2005-2015. These zones were the city center and port areas, industrial and warehousing zones, global business zone, settlement, airports, sports, education and business and tourism zones.
Are simple biomarkers sensitive to detect toxicity of low concentration of metal?
Authors: Yaqin K , Fachruddin L , Rahim SW , Syafiuddin  , Kabangnga A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Biomarkers are considered as appropriate and sensitive tools to detect contaminants which effects are recorded on a sentinel organism. Research on simple biomarkers has been conducted in the laboratory to detect the toxicity of low concentrations of Arsenic by using green mussels, Perna Viridis, as sentinel organisms. The simple biomarkers used are biogenesis, Stress On Stress (SOS), and the condition index. Green mussels of 2.5-3.5 cm were exposed to concentrations of 0, 0.008, 0.038 and 0.19 mg/L of arsenic for 14 days. The results revealed that biogenesis was not sensitive to arsenic toxicity in green mussels. The air survival test or Stress on Stress was tested in terms of LT50 of Kaplan-Meier test. The results showed that LT50 for treatments of 0, 0.008, 0.038 and 0.19 mg/L were 3.15, 2.76, 2,63 and 3.03 days respectively. It demonstrated that the air survival of mussels in control was longer than those were exposed to a series of arsenic concentrations descriptively, but statistically, they were not significantly different. However, the condition index of the green mussel revealed a significant difference statistically between control and 0.19 mg/L of Arsenic. This suggested that the condition index can detect the toxicity of Arsenic to the green mussel.
Model emission estimation of light vehicle based on the driving cycle with using moves program on national roads in Makassar city
Authors: JP S Nurfajrina , Aly S H , Ramli M I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Traffic is one of the main sources of atmospheric pollution in cities around the globe and Athens is no exception. The tremendous increase in vehicles resulted in serious traffic problems consisting of frequent stops and intense driving (vigorous accelerations and decelerations). The increase in vehicles in urban areas caused by congestion and decreases air quality. Transportation emissions must be modeling more accurate to reduce the impact of air quality on roads. The purpose of this study was to analyze the emission estimation of a light vehicle based on the driving cycle using the moves program on national roads in Makassar city. The method of this research used the MOVES program, that program could calculate how many emissions was that resulted by vehicles. Furthermore, the survey of a light vehicle driving cycle was used GPS equipment and used AVANZA car as a light vehicle, which many people are using it in the city. The result showed that the emission along in Perintis Kemerdekaan on peak hour morning and afternoon, CO was the large pollutants than Nox and HC. The smallest pollutant is HC and the pollutant isn’t more than 0.055 gram/km in all way and peak hour. The biggest pollutant is CO in the morning peak hour in Away is 5.605 gram/km. The Average speed vs pollutants HC, Nox, and CO describes that the pollutant will decrease if the speed increase and the average speed was between 5 – 35 km/jam. The R2 of model pollutant (gram/km) and average speed (km/jam) is more than 0.8 near than 1 means that the variable has a strong attachment.