bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chorionicity on Umbilical Cord Blood Acid-Base Analysis of the Second Twin
Authors: Blitz Matthew J. , Rochelson Burton , Benja-Athonsirikul Nontawan , Shan Weiwei , Greenberg Meir , Bracero Luis A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOur objective was to determine whether chorionicity affects umbilical cord blood acid-base parameters of the second twin. This was a retrospective cohort of twin pregnancies delivered at ≥23 weeks of gestation at a tertiary hospital from 2010 to 2016. Patients were included if arterial and venous umbilical cord gas results were available for both newborns and chorionicity was confirmed histologically. Exclusion criteria included intrauterine fetal demise of either twin prior to labor, major fetal anomalies, monoamnionicity, uncertain chronicity and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. The primary outcome evaluated was the umbilical artery (UA) pH of the second twin. A total of 593 dichorionic (DC) and 86 monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies were included. No difference in UA pH was observed between MC and DC twins. Among vaginal deliveries (n = 97), the UA pH of the first twin was higher than the second twin (7.26 vs. 7.24; p = .01). Twin-to-twin delivery interval (TTDI) ≥20 min was associated with a higher UA pH in the first twin compared to the second twin (7.25 vs. 7.16, respectively; p = .006). Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict arterial pH < 7.20 for the second twin; the most predictive factors were arterial pH < 7.20 for the first twin, chronic hypertension and prolonged TTDI. Chorionicity was not associated with any acid-base parameter of umbilical cord blood in either the first or second twin. No differences in neonatal outcomes were observed based on chorionicity or birth order. Populations with a lower cesarean delivery rate may yield different findings.
Amorphization and Plasticity of Olivine During Low‐Temperature Micropillar Deformation Experiments
Authors: Kranjc Kelly , Thind Arashdeep S. , Borisevich Albina Y. , Mishra Rohan , Flores Katharine M. , Skemer Philip 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExperimentally quantifying the viscoplastic rheology of olivine at the high stresses and low temperatures of the shallow lithosphere is challenging due to olivine's propensity to deform by brittle mechanisms at these conditions. In this study, we use microscale uniaxial compression tests to investigate the rheology of an olivine single crystal at room pressure and temperature. Pillars with nominal diameters of 1.25 μm were prepared using a focused ion beam milling technique and were subjected to sustained axial stresses of several gigapascal. The majority of the pillars failed after dwell times ranging from several seconds to a few hours. However, several pillars exhibited clear evidence of plastic deformation without failure after 4–8 hr under load. The corresponding creep strain rates are estimated to be on the order of 10−6 to 10−7 s−1. The uniaxial stresses required to achieve this deformation (4.1–4.4 GPa) are in excellent agreement with complementary data obtained using nanoindentation techniques. Scanning transmission electron microscopy observations indicate that deformation occurred along amorphous shear bands within the deformed pillars. Electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements revealed that the bands are enriched in Fe and depleted in Mg. We propose that inhomogeneities in the cation distribution in olivine concentrate stress and promote the amorphization of the Fe‐rich regions. The time dependence of catastrophic failure events suggests that the amorphous bands must grow to some critical length scale to generate an unstable defect, such as a shear crack.
„Ein Unglück kommt selten allein …“
Authors: Schuh S. , Welzel J. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie nichtinvasiven Geräte wie die optische Kohärenztomografie (OCT) und die konfokale Lasermikroskopie (KLM) sind bei der Diagnostik und Therapieauswahl vieler Erkrankungen z. B. von nichtmelanozytärem Hautkrebs sehr hilfreich. Ihr Einsatz eignet sich insbesondere dann, wenn differenzialdiagnostisch mehrere Diagnosen infrage kommen, die eine die andere Erkrankung verschleiert oder ein tieferer nichtinvasiver Blick in die Haut nötig wird.Wir berichten über den Fall einer 89-jährigen Patientin mit Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom (SJS) nach Einnahme von Allopurinol aufgrund von Hyperurikämie und Gicht. Mit der OCT und KLM können erstmals die Charakteristika beider gemeinsam vorliegender Erkrankungen in vivo dargestellt werden.
Digitale Medien in der Psychotherapie – Neue Ansätze und Perspektiven in der Behandlung von Traumafolgestörungen
Authors: Kessler Henrik , Dangellia Luisa , Herpertz Stephan , Kehyayan Aram 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in neue Ansätze und Perspektiven bei der Behandlung von Traumafolgestörungen unter Einsatz digitaler Medien. Ausgangslage ist die unzureichende flächendeckende Versorgung bei Traumafolgestörungen und die Suche nach neuen, spezifischen Behandlungsstrategien. Zunächst werden exemplarisch digitale Ansätze vorgestellt, die bekannte analoge Therapien zur Grundlage haben und zu deren Verbreitung und Ökonomisierung beitragen. Der Fokus liegt jedoch auf digitalen Therapien, die neue – z. B. aus der Kognitionswissenschaft entwickelte – Ansätze zur gezielten Arbeit an Symptomen erstmals nach deren Entwicklung in Grundlagenstudien auch an klinischen Populationen anwenden. Beispiele hierfür sind visuospatiale Interventionen zur Reduktion von Intrusionen und Trainings zur Verbesserung der Interferenzkontrolle (um traumabezogene Stimuli zu kontrollieren) oder zur Veränderung automatischer dysfunktionaler Kognitionen. Diese werden mit dem theoretischen Hintergrund und ersten (z.T. klinischen) Studien näher dargestellt, welche bereits vielversprechende Ergebnisse bezüglich Akzeptanz, Anwendbarkeit und Effektivität zeigen.
Hypokalemia and the Prevalence of Primary
Aldosteronism
Authors: Gruber Sven , Beuschlein Felix 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHypokalemia is closely linked with the pathophysiology of primary
aldosteronism (PA). Although hypokalemic PA is less common than the
normokalemic course of the disease, hypokalemia is of particular importance
for the manifestation and development of comorbidities. Specifically, a
growing body of evidence demonstrates that hypokalemia in PA patients is
associated with a more severe disease course regarding cardiovascular and
metabolic morbidity and mortality. It is also well appreciated that low
potassium levels per se can promote or exacerbate hypertension. The spectrum
of hypokalemia-related symptoms ranges from asymptomatic courses to
life-threatening conditions. Hypokalemia is found in 9–37%
of all cases of PA with a predominance in patients with aldosterone
producing adenoma. Conversely, hypokalemia resolves in almost 100%
of cases after both, specific medical or surgical treatment of the disease.
However, to date, high-level evidence about the prevalence of primary
aldosteronism in a hypokalemic population is missing. Epidemiological data
are expected from the recently launched IPAHK+study
(“Incidence of Primary Aldosteronism in Patients with
Hypokalemia”).
Brain Abscess and Esophageal Dilatation: Where is the Link? - Case Report
Authors: Welling Leonardo C. , Feltrin Fabricio Stewan , Welling Mariana S. , Brino João Afonso Caldeira , Zyto Victor Feferbaum , Figueiredo Eberval G. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Caustic substance ingestion is a common cause of esophageal stricture in children. The primary treatment is esophageal dilatation. Although it is known that endoscopic esophageal dilatation is a procedure associated with a high rate of bacteremia, current guidelines do not recommend routine throat swab cultures or antibiotic prophylaxis for the general children population.
Case Report We describe a case of a 7-year-old boy presenting with refractory headaches who was diagnosed with cranial abscess after multiple esophageal dilatations due to stenosis caused by caustic soda ingestion. The patient was subjected to neurosurgical intervention and intravenous antibiotic treatment for 6 weeks. Streptococcus viridans culture was positive in purulent abscess content.
Conclusion We highlight this condition that, although rare, needs immediate diagnosis and proper treatment. We also recommend routine testing of throat swabs and antibiotics prophylaxis to children undergoing esophageal dilatation.
Neurosurgery for Refractory Schizophrenia: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Almeida Bruna Veronese , Aquino Isadora Profírio , Silva Ledismar José 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSchizophrenia is a chronic and disabling psychiatric disease that can be refractory to conventional treatment. The present study aims to gather information about the circuitry related to schizophrenia to describe possible surgical targets, and to establish whether psychosurgery can be a safe and effective treatment option for refractory schizophrenia. A systematic review of the literature was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. An electronic search was performed in the Pubmed and BVSalud databases using medical subject headings (MeSH) combined with Boolean operators. Out of the 724 studies retrieved, 13 were included in the review. Regarding leucotomy without a stereotactic approach, we found side effects such as irritability, nervous excitement, cases of disinhibition, and compromised normal social control. In other stereotactic procedures, there was some improvement, mainly regarding aggressiveness and positive symptoms; an anterior capsulotomy had an efficacy rate of 74% according to the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) rating scales. The only deep brain stimulation (DBS) case report found in our study described a significant improvement in the positive and negative symptoms. The use of a stereotactic approach enables psychosurgery to be a safe and effective treatment option in cases of refractory schizophrenia, improving the quality of life and the symptoms. Cognitive and negative symptoms remain a challenge in the treatment of schizophrenia, revealing that more targets in the circuitry must be surgically explored. Furthermore, more clinical trials are needed to compare these many surgical techniques and targets, using a standard evaluation parameter. The results show that DBS has a promising future in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia.
Microsurgery of Cerebral Aneurysm: Epidemiological Profile
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Roberto Tomasi , De Menezes Rubens Thadeu Mangilli , Madeira Kristian , Moreira Carlos Fernando dos Santos 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives Intracranial aneurysm consists of localized dilatation of the vascular wall. Its importance includes the fearsome event of rupture and subarachnoid hemorrhage, which presents high morbimortality rates. The present study aimed to analyze the profile and clinical outcome of patients submitted to the microsurgical approach of cerebral aneurysm in the city of Criciúma, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2015 to 2018.
Methods A retrospective observational study was performed, with secondary data collection and a quantitative approach of 47 charts.
Results A predominance of females (74.5%) and a mean age of 53 years old (53.53 ± 9.64) was observed. The middle cerebral artery was the most affected vessel (36.2%), with the highest percentage of aneurysms being between 2.1 mm and 7.0 mm (65.9%). There was a correlation between consciousness level and classification on the Hunt-Hess (HH) scale. Patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) > 7 points had a better prognostic score in the HH scale, and those with GCS ≤ 7 points had a worse prognostic score in the HH scale.
Conclusions The present study observed the presence of important risk factors for cerebral aneurysm formation, such as gender, age, smoking, and systemic arterial hypertension. The present study can measure a correlation of the level of consciousness with the HH classification.
Brain Tuberculoma as a Differential Diagnosis of Single Intracranial Lesion: Case Report
Authors: Gregol Bruno Missio , Berres Taís Otilia , Barreto Tasso , Giacomelli Richard , Schwingel Daniela , Oleksinski Clarissa Giaretta , Mesquita Filho Paulo Moacir 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) of the central nervous system (CNS) is considered one of the most severe forms of presentation of the disease. Although only 1% of TB cases involve the CNS, these cases represent around between 5 and 15% of extrapulmonary forms.1
2 Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most frequent form of CNS TB. The granulomas formed in the cerebral tuberculoma may cause hydrocephalus and other symptoms indicative of a CNS mass lesion. In the absence of active TB or TBM, the symptoms may be interpreted as indicative of tumors.3
4 The prognosis is directly related to the early diagnosis and proper treatment installation.5 We report the case of a patient with intracranial hypertension syndrome, expansive mass in the parieto-occipital region, accompanied by a lesion in the rib, initially thought to be a metastatic lesion, although posteriorly diagnosed as a cerebral tuberculoma.
Risk Factors for Early Periprosthetic Fracture after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Durand Wesley M. , Meftah Morteza , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPeriprosthetic fracture (PPF) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with adverse outcomes. Many studies have sought to determine risk factors for PPF, though controversy exists regarding several variables. This study sought to determine risk factors for early PPF using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) dataset. Patients with a primary current procedural terminology for THA were identified. The primary outcome was reoperation/readmission for PPF within 30 days. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to adjust for confounding factors. A total of 159,234 patients were included in the study, of whom 195 patients (0.12%) had a PPF within 30 days, with a mean day of reoperation/readmission of 14.6 (standard deviation 7.7). A total of 68 patients (34.9% of those fractured) underwent one or more reoperations. In multivariable analysis, risk factors for PPF were higher body mass index (BMI; odds ratio [OR] 1.03 per mg/kg2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–1.05) and higher preoperative leukocyte count (OR 1.04 per 103/mL, 95% CI 1.01–1.06). Among females, age (OR 1.05 per year, 95% CI 1.04–1.07) was significantly associated with PPF, but a similar difference was not observed among males (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98–1.04). Controlling for patient age, there was no significant difference in risk of PPF for females versus males (p = 0.2213). PPF was associated with the development of additional complications (OR 4.10, 95% CI 2.68–6.27). This study identified risk factors for PPF after primary THA. These results have implications for preoperative planning and postoperative precautions among patients with particularly elevated risk of PPF.
Wear resistant aluminum alloy - B4C composites fabricated by rheo-casting and rolling process
Authors: Tie Di , Ren Haobo , Guan Renguo , Li Weirong , Li Hongchao , Wang Yuxiang , Zhang Junjia , Li Lei , Zhang Deliang , Chen Minfang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo reveal the formation and wear mechanisms of rheo-formed aluminum alloy - B4C composites, A356 alloy − 10 mass% B4C composite material was fabricated by semi-solid stirring rheo-casting and rolling process. The presence of Al3BC was confirmed by XRD analysis and hinted that chemical bonding formed at interfaces between aluminum matrix and B4C particles. Tensile test results demonstrated that addition of B4C facilitated improving the tensile strength by refining matrix and providing particle strengthening. Failure tests revealed that the failure type of the composite transferred from interfacial debonding to particle cracking with increasing wear load. The wear rate of the composite was approximately 48% lower than that of aluminum alloy under 60 N load. The friction coefficient of the composite under 60 N load also significantly decreased due to formation of B2O3and H3BO3as solid lubricants.
Conducting Clinical Studies in Community Health Settings: Challenges and Opportunities for Music Therapists
Authors: Lacson Clarissa , Myers-Coffman Katherine , Kesslick Amy , Krater Caitlin , Bradt Joke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this article, music therapy researchers and clinicians share lessons learned through engaging in collaborative research with healthcare providers in community settings. Practical aspects of conducting research in community health settings are discussed, including consulting on-site music therapists, healthcare providers, and administrators in the earliest stages of research planning; integration of research team members with community healthcare providers; and strategies for successful study implementation. We present our experiences of challenges surrounding the aspects of study implementation, such as recruitment, obtaining consent, and collecting outcome data, as well as opportunities that have resulted from our work, such as increased visibility for music therapy services, collaboration on protocol refinement, and continuing music therapy services beyond the study. Throughout the article, we refer to two research studies that illustrate the collaborative process as well as offer practical examples of challenges and problem-solving.
Update on primary micronodular bilateral adrenocortical diseases
Authors: Maillet Michel , Bourdeau Isabelle , Lacroix André 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
Primary micronodular bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasias (MiBAH) are rare challenging diseases. Important progress in understanding its pathophysiology and genetics occurred in the last two decades. We summarize those progress and recent data on investigation and therapy of MiBAH focusing on primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD).

Recent findings
Larger recent cohorts of PPNAD patients from various countries have confirmed their variable Cushing's syndrome phenotypes. Age of onset is earlier than other ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome causes and the youngest case have now occurred at 15 months. Two retrospective studies identified an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in PPNAD as compared with other Cushing's syndrome causes. The utility of 6-day oral dexamethasone test to produce a paradoxical increase of urinary-free cortisol in PPNAD was confirmed but the mean fold of increase was of 48%, less than previously suggested. Several new genetic variants of the PRKAR1A gene have been reported in PPNAD or Carney complex (CNC). Remission of Cushing's syndrome with unilateral adrenalectomy was reported in a few patients with PPNAD.

Summary
MiBAH, PPNAD and CNC are rare challenging diseases, but with combined expert clinical and genetic approaches a comprehensive investigation and prevention strategy can be offered to affected patients and families.
Pulmonary Cryptococcosis Accidentally Detected by 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Pan Qingqing , Luo Yaping , Cao Xinxin , Li Jian , Li Fang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT in a 66-year-old woman with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma showed extensive disease in bone and bone marrow. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy, the patient was in complete remission but complained of fever and coughing. Follow-up 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT showed significantly reduced uptake in bone and bone marrow, consistent with her clinical outcome of myeloma. However, patches, nodules, and ground-grass opacities in bilateral lungs with moderate to intense uptake of 68Ga-pentixafor were noted. The histopathology of the biopsy for the pulmonary nodule confirmed pulmonary cryptococcosis.
Social loafing in group-based learning: student-created and instructor-created group perspectives
Authors: Rajaguru Rajesh , Narendran Roshni , Rajesh Gayathri 
Published: April 2020

PurposeSocial loafing is a key inhibitor in group-based student learning and is a key challenge in administering group-based assessments in higher education. This study examines differences in the effects of antecedents of social loafing (disruptive behaviour, social disconnectedness and apathy) on work quality by comparing student-created and instructor-created groups. The study also investigates how group members' efforts to “pick up the slack” of social loafers in the two kinds of groups moderate the effect of antecedents of social loafing on work quality.Design/methodology/approachPost-graduate students from two different sessions of the Marketing Management unit participated in the study: 95 students from session 1 and 90 students from session 2. One session represented student-created groups and the other session represented instructor-created groups. Each group consisted of five students. Partial Least Square (PLS) estimation using SmartPLS was used to assess the direct and interaction effects.FindingsThe results indicate differences in the effects of the antecedents of social loafing such as apathy and disruptive behaviour on work quality for both student-created and instructor-created groups. Social disconnectedness was found to have no significant effect on work quality. Interestingly, the study found significant differences in the effects of “pick up the slack” on the work quality of student-created and instructor-created groups. Members of student-created groups who picked up the slack of social loafers improved the work quality for unit assessment. This effect was not significant for instructor-created groups.Originality/valueExtant literature on social loafing predominantly focusses on its effect on students' work quality and educational achievement. This study contributes to the literature by investigating how the student-created and instructor-created group members' efforts to pick up the slack of social loafers moderate the effects of the antecedents of social loafing on work quality.
Comparing trends of perinatal mortality in two rural areas of Matlab, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Aminur , Austin Anne , Anwar Iqbal , Taneepanichskul Surasak 
Published: April 2020

PurposeSixteen million adolescents give birth each year, constituting 11% of all births worldwide. Adverse adolescent pregnancy outcomes are well-documented. Available data on adolescent pregnancies have mainly relied on self-reported age and retrospective survey data, which might not capture adolescent births accurately. This paper reports on trends in adolescent pregnancy and associated adverse birth outcomes in Matlab, Bangladesh, using data from the Matlab Heath and Demographic System (HDSS) which precisely documents maternal age.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in the rural subdistrict of Matlab in Bangladesh. HDSS data were used to examine trends in adolescent motherhood (10–19 years) in the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b) service areas (ISA) and government service areas (GSA) between 2007 and 2015. A total of 4,996 adolescent mothers were included in the analysis. Chi-square testing and binary logistic regression were used to document adolescent pregnancy trends and the differences in and causes of perinatal death.FindingsThe fertility rate was 27 per 1000 adolescent mothers in ISA and 20 per 1000 adolescent mothers in GSA, during the 9 years of the study period. The adjusted odd of an adolescent mother having a perinatal death in ISA, relative to GSA was 0.69. Significant determinants of perinatal death among adolescent mothers included maternal education, paternal education, mother’s age at first birth, asset score and distance from the nearest health facility.Originality/valueThis paper documents the real trend of adolescent pregnancy by capturing the accurate age at pregnancy for the first time in Bangladesh.