bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Foraminoplasty and Decompression for the Treatment of Intraspinal Tophaceous Gout: A Case Series
Authors: Shao Haiyu , Chen Xinji , Zhao Tingxiao , Jin Mengran , Huang Yazeng , Zheng Jiayin , Wang Yixin , Zhang Jun , Ye Zhaoming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This study reports a case series of transforaminal endoscopic decompression for symptomatic intraspinal gout treatment.Methods: In the past three years, the technique of transforaminal endoscopic decompression has been applied for the treatment of symptomatic intraspinal gout, and detailed information on 8 consecutive patients pre- and postoperatively has been recorded for further research.Results: Here, we present a consecutive series of 8 patients who underwent transforaminal endoscopic decompression for the treatment of intraspinal gout in our hospital from 2016 to 2019. These 8 patients all suffered from low back and leg pain and varying degrees of neurologic deficits. After at least 1 year of follow-up, the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (m-JOA) score and the MOS 36-Item Short-from Health Survey (SF-36) score were significantly improved compared with before surgery. All patients were satisfied with the results of the operation, and no complications were experienced.Conclusion: Transforaminal endoscopic decompression may be a unique approach to treat intraspinal gout because of its small trauma, rapid recovery, and reliable effect.
Conditional Support: Focus Group Participants’ Views on Researchers’ Access and Use of Personal Health Information
Authors: McCormick Jennifer Blair , Hopkins Margaret A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Researchers are increasingly collecting large amounts of de-identified data about individuals to address important health-related challenges and answer fundamental questions. Current US federal regulations permit researchers to use already collected and stored de-identified health-related data from a variety of sources without seeking consent from patients. While multiple studies have explored patients’ views on the sharing of their health-related data, few have investigated their views on the policies and processes institutions have in place or should have in place for accessing, using, and sharing of data.Methods: We conducted 5 with individuals who live within a 20-mile radius of the local academic medical center. In addition, in order to increase the number of participants younger than 45 years of age, we held a focus group with undergraduates at a local university. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. The codebook was revised and refined, codes clarified, and disagreements resolved through discussion.Results: A total of 37 individuals participated, ages 18-76. Most participants were not surprised that researchers accessed and used de-identified personal information for research. For participants, transparency was key. They wanted to know when their data were accessed, for what purpose, and by whom. However, for some participants, just knowing their data had been accessed and used was not enough. Rather they wanted to have some control over the use of their data valuing the chance to opt-out. That said, wanting some control didn’t conflict with participants’ support of the use of their data for research. Most participants trusted their local academic medical institution, but were less trusting of other academic medical institutions and commercial entities. Finally, participants supported establishment of an advisory council or group with responsibility for deciding what data were used, who was accessing those data, and whether data could be shared. Conclusions: The trust people have in their local institutions should be considered fragile, and institutions should not take that trust for granted. How institutions choose to govern patients’ data and what voices they include in decisions about use and access are critical to maintaining the trust of the public.
Modeling Land use Change and Forest Carbon Stock Changes in Temperate Forests in the United States
Authors: Fitts Lucia Alejandra , Russell Matthew B. , Domke Grant M. , Knight Joseph K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background:Forests provide the largest terrestrial sink of carbon (C). However, these C stocks are threatened by forest land conversion. Land use change has global impacts and is a critical component when studying C fluxes, but it is not always fully considered in C accounting despite being a major contributor to emissions. An urgent need exists among decision-makers to identify the likelihood of forest conversion to other land uses and factors affecting C loss. To help address this issue, we conducted our research in California, Colorado, Georgia, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. The objectives were to (1) model the probability of forest conversion and C stock’s dynamics using USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data and (2) create wall-to-wall maps showing estimates of the risk of areas to convert from forest to non-forest. We used two modeling approaches: a machine learning algorithm (random forest) and generalized mixed-effects models. Explanatory variables for the models included ecological attributes, topography, census data, forest disturbances, and forest conditions. Model predictions and Landsat spectral information were used to produce wall-to-wall probability maps of forest change using Google Earth Engine.Results: During the study period (2000-2017), 3.4% of the analyzed FIA plots transitioned from forest to mixed or non-forested conditions. Results indicate that the change in land use from forests is more likely with increasing human population and housing growth rates. Furthermore, non-public forests showed a higher probability of forest change compared to public forests. Areas closer to cities and coastal areas showed a higher risk of transition to non-forests. Out of the six states analyzed, Colorado had the highest risk of conversion and the largest amount of aboveground C lost. Forest disturbances were not a major predictor of land use change.Conclusions:Land use change is accelerating globally, causing a large increase in C emissions. Our results will help policy-makers prioritize forest management activities and land use planning by providing a quantitative framework that can enhance forest health and productivity. This work will also inform climate change mitigation strategies by understanding the role that land use change plays in C emissions.
The Modified West China Hospital Radiographic Classification for Fibrous Dysplasia in Femur: A Retrospective Analysis of 238 Patients
Authors: Wang Yitian , Min Li , Zhou Yong , Wang Jie , Zhang Yuqi , Lu Minxun , Luo Yi , Zhang Wenli , Duan Hong , tu chongqi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the reliability and clinical outcome of a newly developed classification system for patients, who had fibrous dysplasia (FD) in the femur.Methods: A total of 238 patients with FD in the femur were included in this retrospective study. All affected femurs were measured and treated based on our classification. The intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility were assessed using the Cohen kappa statistic. The clinical outcome was evaluated using the criteria of Guille.Results: At a median follow-up of 60 months, 238 patients were categorized into the following five types: type I to V. The interobserver and intraobserver kappa scores were excellent. For clinical outcomes, there was no significant difference in the postoperative Guille score between type I (mean 9.01 ± 1.22), II (mean 8.40 ± 1.38), and V (mean 8.47 ± 1.69). Type III and IV had significantly lower postoperative Guille scores than type I, II, and V. Moreover, type III had a significantly higher Guille score (mean 7.81 ± 0.96) than type IV (mean 6.57 ± 2.09).Conclusion: Our classification is reproducible and provides a one-to-one correspondence between diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, we recommend this classification for the diagnosis and treatment of the FD in the femur.
Low Maternal Education, Gastrointestinal Problems and High Blood Lead Level: Risk Factors Related to the Severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Northeast China
Authors: Dong Hanyu , Feng Junyan , Li Honghua , Yue Xiaojing , Jia Fei-Yong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased rapidly in recent years. Environmental factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ASD. These factors may include socioeconomic factors, nutritional factors, heavy metal exposure, air pollution, etc. Our aim is to analyze possible environmental risk factors associated with the severity of ASD.Methods: All participating children were divided into two groups (mild and severe) according to the severity of their symptoms, as determined by their Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) scores. The socioeconomic and demographic factors that may affect the severity of ASD and the nutritional factors that were correlated with ASD symptoms were included in the logistic regression to analyze whether they were risk factors that affected the severity of ASD.Results: Logistic regression showed that maternal education (P=0.038, OR=1.694, 95% CI: 1.029-2.789), gastrointestinal problems (P=0.045, OR=1.770, 95% CI: 1.012-3.097) and a high serum concentration of lead (P=0.001, OR=1.038, 95% CI: 1.016-1.060) were statistically significantly associated with ASD severity.Conclusion: Many environmental factors affect the severity of ASD. We concluded that maternal education, gastrointestinal problems and serum concentration of lead were risk factors that affected the severity of ASD in northeast China.
Knowledge and Attitude of Couples about to get married toward Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Taherpour Maryam , Alimoradi Zainab , Rezaei Atefeh , Karamy Arezo , Salimi Hamidreza reza 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are among the most important health issues in the world. Negative attitudes and lack of knowledge are among the main reasons for the spread of these diseases. The aim of this study is to examine the knowledge and attitude of couples regarding STDs. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Participants were 393 couples about to get married referring to pre-marriage counseling center in Qazvin, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including questions about knowledge and attitude about STDs and demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed using multivariable linear regression via stepwise method. Results: The average age of participants was 25.77 ± 6.69 years and 52.7% were females. The knowledge and attitude mean (SD) scores about STDS were 5.86 (4.70) and 91.68 (9.88), respectively. Participants had the highest information about hepatitis and the lowest information regarding human papillomavirus and chlamydia. Age was the only significant independent predictor of knowledge toward STDs (β= 0.13, 95%CI:[0.11; 0.17]). Age (β= 0.13, 95%CI:[0.11; 0.17]), gender (Male vs. Female)(β= -0.14, 95%CI:[-4.85;-0.64]) and educational status (academic vs. diploma) (β=0.18, 95%CI:[ 1.28; 5.74]) were the significant independent predictors of attitude toward STDs. Moreover, knowledge was an important predictor of attitude (β= 0.41 in crude model and β=0.36 after adjusting for demographic variables).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that young couples referring to pre-marriage counseling center have low knowledge and average attitude toward STDs. Therefore, it is recommended that proper workshops be conducted about STDs in order to increase the couples’ knowledge (especially in the case of human papillomavirus and chlamydia)
Sequence and Structural Analysis of COVID-19 E and M Protein With MERS Virus E and M Protein – A Comparative Study
Authors: Aldaais Ebtisam A. , Yegnaswamy Subha , Albahrani Fatimah , Alsowaiket Fatima , Alramadan Sarah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The outbreak of SARS in 2003, MERS in 2012, and now COVID-19 in 2019 have demonstrated that Coronaviruses are capable of causing primary lethal infections in humans, and the pandemic is now a global concern. The COVID-19 belongs to the beta coronavirus family encoding 29 proteins, of which 4 are structural, the Spike, Membrane, Envelope, and Nucleocapsid proteins. Here we have analyzed and compared the Membrane (M) and Envelope (E) proteins of COVID-19 and MERS with SARS and Bat viruses. The sequence analysis of conserved regions of both E and M protein revealed that many regions of COVID-19 are similar to Bat and SARS viruses while the MERS virus showed variations. The essential binding motifs found in SARS-CoV appeared in COVID-19. Besides, the M protein of COVID- 19 showed a distinct serine phosphorylation site in the C-terminal domain, which looked like a catalytic triad seen in serine proteases. A Dileucine motif occurred many times in the sequence of the M protein of all the four viruses compared. Concerning the structural part, the COVID-19 E protein showed more similarity to Bat while MERS shared similarity with the SARS virus. The M protein of both COVID-19 and MERS displayed variations in the structure. The interaction between M and E protein was also studied to know the additional binding regions. Our study highlights the critical motifs and structural regions to be considered for further research to design better inhibitors for the infection caused by these viruses.
Current Practice of Discharging Patients From Post Anesthesia Care Unit After Surgical Operations, 2018
Authors: Bizuneh Yosef Belay , berhe Yophtahe wodegerima , Ashagrie Henos Enyew , Lema Girmay Fitwi , Fentie Demeke Yilkal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Post-Anesthesia discharge criteria scoring systems have been used successfully to help discharge from the post anesthetic care unit for more than many years. They provide standardized documentation of a patient’s readiness for discharge. A formal checklist is highly recommended for the staff to decide discharge of patients either to the ward or not from post-anesthesia care unit. In our study area there is no any standardized discharging systems. So the aim of this study was to improve post-anesthesia care outcomes.Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted from January, 1- 15, 2018. All patients who were discharged from post anesthesia care unit to wards after operation were involved and a consecutive sampling method was done within the stud period. From the checklist form maximum score of subscales is two and minimal score is zero .The total scores should be greater than or equal to nine out of ten to transfer the patient from post anesthesia care unit to wards.Results: This study showed that only 73.3 % patients were meet the audit standard. From sub scales, patients awakens scored was 91.1%, however all the rest scales were scored less than the standard. Able to move four extremities was 73.3%,able to deep breath and cough freely was 80%, blood pressure ± 20 mmHg of pre-anesthetic level was 75.6% and able to maintain oxygen saturation > 92% on room air was 84.4%.Conclusion and recommendation: This finding was low compared with standard as well as with the other studies. Then the staffs who work in post anesthesia care unit should be given training and they must discharge patients based of the standard as well as r- auditing is important to achieve the standard.
Src&nbsp;Acts as the&nbsp;Target of Matrine to Inhibit the Proliferation of Cancer&nbsp;Cells&nbsp;by Regulating Phosphorylation&nbsp;Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhang Xi , Xu Hui , Bi Xiaoyang , Hou Guoqing , Liu Andong , Zhao Youyun , Wang Guoping , Cao Xuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Identification of accurate targets is essential for a successful development of targeted therapy in cancer. Studies have shown that matrine has antitumor activity against many types of cancers, including lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer and leukemia, etc. However, the direct target in cancer cells of its anticancer effect has not been identified. The purpose of this study was to find the molecular target of matrine to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and explore its mechanism of action. Methods: The effect of matrine on the proliferation of cancer cells were examined by MTT assay. Pull-down assay with matrine-amino coupling resins (MA beads) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were performed to explore the target of matrine. The target of matrine was further validated by competitive binding assay, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS). A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to reveal the mechanisms by which matrine targeted Src to regulate the downstream signaling pathways of Src in cancer cells. Results: Herein we showed that matrine inhibited the proliferation of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Pull-down assay with MA beads and LC-MS/MS identified Src as the target of matrine. The findings provided solid evidences that matrine directly bound to Src and Src kinase domain is required for its interaction with matrine and Ala392 in the kinase domain participated in matrine-Src interaction. Intriguingly, matrine was proven to inhibit Src kinase activity in a non-ATP-competitive manner by blocking the autophosphorylation of Tyr419 in Src kinase domain. Matrine down-regulated the phosphorylation levels of MAPK/ERK, JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways via targeting Src.Conclusions: Collectively, matrine targeted Src, inhibited its kinase activity and down-regulated its downstream MAPK/ERK, JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt phosphorylation signaling pathways to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells.
Pathological Fracture Caused by Bone Metastasis of Rectal Cancer Misdiagnosed as a Common Fracture and Treated With Open Reduction and Internal Fixation: A Case Report
Authors: Yu Mingyang , Su Yun , Zhao Shilong , Li Dongyi , Guo Lin , Tian Fengde , An Ning , Hao Ruihu , Wang Changcheng , Zhang Yao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Pathologic fractures following bone metastasis of rectal cancer are relatively uncommon. Case presentation: A 59-year-old male rectal cancer patient in China with bone metastases in the right femur that caused a right femoral pathological fracture. According to emission computed tomography (ECT) and other examinations, and with the assistance of a multidisciplinary team, bone metastasis was diagnosed. Because the traumatic orthopedic surgeons did not notice his history of colorectal cancer preoperatively, there was no diagnosis of pathological fracture, and open reduction and internal fixation were performed. Additionally, there was no postoperative radiotherapy to the area or systemic treatment. Multiple re-examinations of the patient within 4 months after surgery revealed that the fracture did not heal. The patient was readmitted and treated 9 months after open reduction and internal fixation, and the tumor gradually spread in the proximal right femur.Conclusions: The combination of a medical history, preoperative ECT examination, local DR examination, CT examination and MRI examination are necessary for a preoperative diagnosis. This case report mainly recorded the whole treatment and follow-up process.
An Investigation on People Living with HIV and AIDS Rejected by Medical Staff in China
Authors: Yu Yong , Chang Zijue , Liu Xiuya , Lu Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from the two perspectives of the incidence, type, help-seeking situation of PLWHA（People living with HIV and AIDS）rejected by medical staff and the willingness of medical staff to diagnose and treat PLWHA to analyze the realistic problem of PLWHA and AIDS rejected by medical staff under the current Chinese cultural background.Methods: 1500 people were selected from PLWHA users in the WeChat work account of a Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), and 1000 medical staff were selected from a third-class hospital in Guangxi, China. The self-compiled general information questionnaire and PLWHA medical rejection questionnaire were used to conduct a one-to-one WeChat online survey on PLWHA. A questionnaire on HIV/AIDS clinical knowledge, a questionnaire on HIV/AIDS attitude, and a questionnaire on the willingness to diagnose and treat PLWHA with clinical surgery were used to conduct a face-to-face survey on the selected medical staff.Results: 1146 valid PLWHA samples and 890 medical staff samples were obtained. 30.2% (346/1146) of HIV-infected/AIDS patients had experienced refusal from medical staff when visiting a hospital for non-HIV/AIDS-related diseases since the diagnosis of HIV+; 17.1% (196/1146) of HIV-infected/AIDS patients had been rejected by medical staff in the hospital due to other diseases in the past 12 months and 10.8% (124/1146) had been rejected in clinical surgeries; after receiving a refusal, 58.2% (114/196) of the HIV-infected/AIDS patients never asked for help, while only 37.8% (74/196) of the refused patients were resolved accordingly. Only 38.7% of medical staff clearly expressed their willingness to provide surgical treatment or post-operative nursing services for HIV-infected/AIDS patients. After controlling other factors, the answer accuracy of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge [odds ratio (OR)=2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31, 4.43] and the attitudes towards HIV/AIDS (OR=6.74, 95%CI: 3.59, 12.66) were the influencing factors for medical staff's willingness to diagnosis and treat HIV-infected /AIDS patients with clinical surgery.Conclusions: Rejection by the medical staff is a common phenomenon during the treatment of HIV-infected/AIDS patients in China and the willingness of medical staff to diagnose and treat HIV-infected/AIDS patients is relatively weak.
Health Behaviors of Livestock Industry Workers Regarding Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Northwest of Iran
Authors: Abazari Malek , Adham Davoud , Saghafipour Abedin , Taheri-Kharameh Zahra , Pouya Amin Babaei , Asadollahi Javad , Moradi-Asl Eslam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute, feverous disease that is either caused by tick bites or the direct contact of humans with the blood and tissues of infected livestock. The majority of patients suffering from this disease are slaughterhouse workers (including butchers), farmers, veterinarians and hospital staff. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the health behaviors of butchers regarding CCHF and study factors affecting such behaviors based on the health belief model.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 500 butchers in Ardabil Province in 2020 by a multistage sampling method. The participants of the study completed the researcher-made questionnaire of health belief model and health behaviors model relevant to CCHF.The collected data were then analyzed by descriptive statistical tests and linear regression analysis. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 44.4 (10.5), and 96% were males. Only xxx% of the participants displayed acceptable disease-preventive behaviors. The validity and reliability of the developed questionnaire were confirmed by the Cronbach-alpha index. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the constructs of the model explained 84% of the total variance. The results of the study revealed that among the variables of the health belief model, perceived susceptibility (p-value = 0.006, β = 0.152) and perceived barriers (p-value = 0.05, β = 0.14) were the strongest factors predicting disease-preventive behaviors regarding CCHF.Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the health belief model can predict preventive behaviors for CCHF.Therefore, designing and executing interventions based on the results of this study may encourage such preventive behaviors in butchers.