bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure, function and regulation of mammalian glucose transporters of the SLC2 family
Authors: Holman Geoffrey D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe SLC2 genes code for a family of GLUT proteins that are part of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of membrane transporters. Crystal structures have recently revealed how the unique protein fold of these proteins enables the catalysis of transport. The proteins have 12 transmembrane spans built from a replicated trimer substructure. This enables 4 trimer substructures to move relative to each other, and thereby alternately opening and closing a cleft to either the internal or the external side of the membrane. The physiological substrate for the GLUTs is usually a hexose but substrates for GLUTs can include urate, dehydro-ascorbate and myo-inositol. The GLUT proteins have varied physiological functions that are related to their principal substrates, the cell type in which the GLUTs are expressed and the extent to which the proteins are associated with subcellular compartments. Some of the GLUT proteins translocate between subcellular compartments and this facilitates the control of their function over long- and short-time scales. The control of GLUT function is necessary for a regulated supply of metabolites (mainly glucose) to tissues. Pathophysiological abnormalities in GLUT proteins are responsible for, or associated with, clinical problems including type 2 diabetes and cancer and a range of tissue disorders, related to tissue-specific GLUT protein profiles. The availability of GLUT crystal structures has facilitated the search for inhibitors and substrates and that are specific for each GLUT and that can be used therapeutically. Recent studies are starting to unravel the drug targetable properties of each of the GLUT proteins.
Untargeted metagenomics shows a reliable performance for synchronous detection of parasites
Authors: Wylezich Claudia , Caccio Simone M. , Walochnik Julia , Beer Martin , Höper Dirk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractShotgun metagenomics with high-throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques is increasingly used for pathogen identification and characterization. While many studies apply targeted amplicon sequencing, here we used untargeted metagenomics to simultaneously identify protists and helminths in pre-diagnosed faecal and tissue samples. The approach starts from RNA and operates without an amplification step, therefore allowing the detection of all eukaryotes, including pathogens, since it circumvents the bias typically observed in amplicon-based HTS approaches. The generated metagenomics datasets were analysed using the RIEMS tool for initial taxonomic read assignment. Mapping analyses against ribosomal reference sequences were subsequently applied to extract 18S rRNA sequences abundantly present in the sequence datasets. The original diagnosis, which was based on microscopy and/or PCR, could be confirmed in nearly all cases using ribosomal RNA metagenomics. In addition to the pre-diagnosed taxa, we detected other intestinal eukaryotic parasites of uncertain pathogenicity (of the genera Dientamoeba, Entamoeba, Endolimax, Hymenolepis) that are often excluded from routine diagnostic protocols. The study clearly demonstrates the applicability of untargeted RNA metagenomics for the parallel detection of parasites.
Ten-year follow-up after Gamma Knife radiosurgery of meningioma and review of the literature
Authors: Lippitz Bodo E. , Bartek Jiri , Mathiesen Tiit , Förander Petter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
With regard to the generally slow growth of meningioma, it is essential to analyse clinical treatment results in a long-term perspective. The purpose of the present analysis is to provide clinical data after Gamma Knife radiosurgery of meningioma in a 10-year perspective together with a review of the current literature.

Methods
The current study is a retrospective analysis of 86 consecutive Swedish patients with meningiomas treated using Gamma Knife radiosurgery at the Karolinska Hospital Stockholm between March 1991 and May 2001. A total of 130 tumours were treated in 115 treatment sessions. The median radiological follow-up was 10 years (1.8–16.5 years), and the median clinical follow-up was 9.4 years (2.1–17.4 years).

Results
After a median follow-up period of 10 years, local tumour control was achieved in 87.8% of meningiomas (108/123 tumours). The median latency between initial treatment and local (in-field) recurrence (n = 15) was 5.8 years (1.9–11.5). Recurrences adjacent but outside the initial radiation field occurred in 15.1% of patients (13/86) at a median of 7.5 years (1.3–15.7). New meningiomas were seen in 10.5% after a median of 5.4 years (0.9–10.8). In 72% of patients, no further treatment was required, 17.4% (15/86) underwent a second Gamma Knife treatment, 4.7% (4/86) required later open surgery and 5.8% (5/86) required both secondary treatments. Eighty-six percent of patients were neurologically unchanged or improved. A significantly lower rate of local (in-field) recurrences was seen in meningiomas treated with a prescription dose of > 13.4 Gy (7.1% vs. 24%, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
The current retrospective analysis provides a 10-year follow-up and comprises one of the longest available follow-up studies of radiosurgically treated meningiomas. The current series documents a persistent high local tumour control after Gamma Knife treatment, while providing an estimation of a necessary minimum dose for long-term tumour control in meningiomas. The study confirms the validity of previous short-term data in a long-term perspective.
On the Convergence and Capability of the Large-Eddy Simulation of Concentration Fluctuations in Passive Plumes for a Neutral Boundary Layer at Infinite Reynolds Number
Authors: Ardeshiri Hamidreza , Cassiani Massimo , Park Soon Young , Stohl Andreas , Pisso Ignacio , Dinger Anna Solvejg 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLarge-eddy simulation (LES) experiments have been performed using the Parallelized LES Model (PALM). A methodology for validating and understanding LES results for plume dispersion and concentration fluctuations in an atmospheric-like flow is presented. A wide range of grid resolutions is shown to be necessary for investigating the convergence of statistical characteristics of velocity and scalar fields. For the scalar, the statistical moments up to the fourth order and the shape of the concentration probability density function (p.d.f.) are examined. The mean concentration is influenced by grid resolution, with the highest resolution simulation showing a lower mean concentration, linked to larger turbulent structures. However, a clear tendency to convergence of the concentration variance is observed at the two higher resolutions. This behaviour is explained by showing that the mechanisms driving the mean and the variance are differently influenced by the grid resolution. The analysis of skewness and kurtosis allows also the obtaining of general results on plume concentration fluctuations. Irrespective of grid resolution, a family of Gamma p.d.f.s well represents the shape of the concentration p.d.f. but only beyond the peak of the concentration fluctuation intensity. In the early plume dispersion phases, the moments of the p.d.f. are in good agreement with those generated by a fluctuating plume model. To the best of our knowledge, our study demonstrates for the first time that, if resolution and averaging time are adequate, atmospheric LES provides a trustworthy representation of the high order moments of the concentration field, up to the fourth order, for a dispersing plume.
Sensory profile of hemicellulose-rich wood extracts in yogurt models
Authors: Kirjoranta Satu , Knaapila Antti , Kilpeläinen Petri , Mikkonen Kirsi S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Wood is an abundant and sustainable source of emerging food ingredients, namely hemicelluloses that fulfil a number of requirements for functional hydrocolloids. Hemicelluloses, especially spruce galactoglucomannans (GGM) and birch glucuronoxylans (GX), have potential to be used as stabilizers in various foods such as yogurts, beverages, dressings, and desserts. However, in addition to good technological functionality, safety, and low price, the applicability and market potential of new hydrocolloids is determined by their sensory properties. The present study reports, for the first time, the sensory profile of spruce GGM and birch GX in food. Sensory profiles from generic descriptive analysis of GGM- and GX-rich extracts, processed by spray drying or ethanol precipitation, were compared in three types of model food systems: water solutions, yogurt with solutions, and yogurt with emulsions stabilized by GGM or GX. Gum Arabic was included for comparison with a commercial ingredient known to have a mild flavor. The results showed that GGM and GX have a woody flavor, which can be reduced by ethanol precipitation and, in yogurt, masked by other food ingredients.

Graphic abstract
Trauma and Parenting Beliefs: Exploring the Ethnotheories and Socialization Goals of Palestinian Mothers
Authors: Kankaanpää Saija L. , Isosävi Sanna , Diab Safwat Y. , Qouta Samir R. , Punamäki Raija-Leena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParenting beliefs are important to infant wellbeing, but there is a lack of research into their role in war conditions. We examined (1) how maternal traumatic experiences (war events and childhood abuse) and mental health would be associated with parenting beliefs about good childrearing practices (ethnotheories) and desirable child characteristics (socialization goals) and (2) whether parenting beliefs mediate the impact of traumatic experiences and mental health on mother–infant interaction and infant development. Palestinian mothers (N = 510) participated during pregnancy and at four and 12 months postpartum. They reported current traumatic war events, emotional and physical abuse in their own childhood and mental health (posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety symptoms), their ethnotheories and socialization goals and the quality of dyadic mother–infant interactions and infant developmental skills (language, fine-motor, and gross-motor). High maternal exposure to traumatic war events was associated with higher autonomy-enhancing—and lower relatedness-enhancing—socialization goals. Conversely, maternal childhood abuse was associated with higher relatedness-enhancing—and lower autonomy-enhancing—socialization goals. High maternal exposure to traumatic war events was associated with high levels of positive dyadic interaction, whereas high emotional and physical abuse and mental health problems were associated with low levels of positive dyadic interaction. Parenting beliefs did not mediate the impact of maternal traumatic experiences and mental health on dyadic interaction or infant development. The nature of maternal traumatic experiences was central for the socialization goals in unique and specific ways. The findings emphasize the meaningfulness of parenting values, goals, and practices among mothers caring for their infants in war conditions.
Attraction of Chrysotropia ciliata (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) Males to P-Anisaldehyde, a Compound with Presumed Pheromone Function
Authors: Thöming Gunda , Koczor Sándor , Szentkirályi Ferenc , Norli Hans R. , Tasin Marco , Knudsen Geir K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn a field-trapping experiment with plant volatiles, we observed notably high attraction of green lacewing (Chrysotropia ciliata) males to the compound p-anisaldehyde. Based on this finding, we initiated the present study to elucidate this phenomenon and to investigate the chemical ecology of C. ciliata. Scanning electron microscopy revealed elliptical glands abundantly distributed on the 2nd to 6th abdominal sternites of C. ciliata males, whereas females of the species completely lacked such glands. No p-anisaldehyde was found in extractions of body parts of C. ciliata. Methyl p-anisate and p-methoxybenzoic acid were identified exclusively in the extract from abdominal segments 2–8 of males. Field-trapping experiments revealed no attraction of C. ciliata to either methyl p-anisate or p-methoxybenzoic acid. In contrast, males showed marked attraction to p-anisaldehyde in the field and antennae showed strong responses to this compound. Headspace collections in the field from living insects in their natural environment and during their main daily activity period indicated that p-anisaldehyde was emitted exclusively by C. ciliata males. Our overall results suggest that p-anisaldehyde might serve as a male-produced pheromone that attracts conspecific C. ciliata males. Here, we discuss hypotheses regarding possible mechanisms involved in regulation of p-anisaldehyde production, including involvement of the compounds methyl p-anisate and p-methoxybenzoic acid, and the potential ecological function of p-anisaldehyde in C. ciliata.
Magnetospheric Studies: A Requirement for Addressing Interdisciplinary Mysteries in the Ice Giant Systems
Authors: Kollmann P. , Cohen I. , Allen R. C. , Clark G. , Roussos E. , Vines S. , Dietrich W. , Wicht J. , de Pater I. , Runyon K. D. , Cartwright R. , Masters A. , Brain D. , Hibbits K. , Mauk B. , Gkioulidou M. , Rymer A. , McNutt R. , Hue V. , Stanley S. , Brandt P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUranus and Neptune are the least-explored planets in our Solar System. This paper summarizes mysteries about these incredibly intriguing planets and their environments spurred by our limited observations fromVoyager 2and Earth-based systems. Several of these observations are either inconsistent with our current understanding built from exploring other planetary systems, or indicate such unique characteristics of these Ice Giants that they leave us with more questions than answers. This paper specifically focuses on the value of all aspects of magnetospheric measurements, from the radiation belt structure to plasma dynamics to coupling to the solar wind, through a future mission to either of these planets. Such measurements have large interdisciplinary value, as demonstrated by the large number of mysteries discussed in this paper that cover other non-magnetospheric disciplines, including planetary interiors, atmospheres, rings, and moons.
A brief measure of disgust propensity
Authors: Schienle Anne , Zorjan Sasa , Wabnegger Albert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the context of large-scale surveys, pre-screening or longitudinal studies, researchers may be faced with the choice of using a brief measure of disgust propensity (DP: the general tendency to respond with the emotion of disgust to any given situation) or using no measure at all. The goal of the present study was to develop and validate such a short scale based on the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Disgust Propensity (QADP); Schienle et al., 2002). The participants (n = 1367; 80% female; mean age = 28 years) completed the QADP, and scales on disgust sensitivity and self-disgust. Brain structural data and disgust rating data were available for subsets of the total sample. Factor analysis revealed a five-factor structure of the QADP. A total of 10 items (two items for each factor) with the highest item-total correlations were selected. The resulting five-factor QADP (Cronbach’s alpha = .76) covers a broad range of disgust domains. The short QADP is correlated with the original questionnaire (r = .90), disgust sensitivity, disgust ratings for gustatory, olfactory and visual disgust elicitors, and volume in the insular cortex (a brain region involved in disgust processing). For future investigations, the QADP_brief can be a useful tool for assessing DP with high time efficiency.
Tageszeitabhängige Körpertemperaturrhythmen regulieren die Genexpression
Authors: Preussner Marco , Heyd Florian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlternative splicing is a dynamically regulated mechanism that dramatically increases the genomes coding capacity. Alternative splicing is regulated in a time-of-day dependent manner and depends on mammalian body temperature cycles. This observation let to the discovery of a body temperature sensitive kinase, which acts as sensor translating small changes in temperature (∼ 1 °C) into altered phosphorylation of RNA-binding proteins, which in turn control over 1.500 splicing events.
Wie Licht beim Aufbau von Geweben helfen kann
Authors: Müller Marc , Wegner Seraphine V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBuilding tissues from cells as their basic building block is a promising approach in tissue engineering and allows assembling cells into micro-tissues with high precision, which is not possible with material-based approaches. The challenge lies in controlling when and where cells bind to each other. Using visible light as a trigger for cell-cell interactions provides the required spatiotemporal control without interfering with other cellular processes. This provides a new way to assemble multicellular structures with numerous potential applications in cell biology and regenerative medicine.
Mikrophysiologisches Retinamodell als Alternative zu Tiermodellen
Authors: Chuchuy Johanna , Achberger Kevin , Liebau Stefan , Loskill Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe visual system is one of the most important human senses. Hence, blindness leads to an unimaginable reduction of life quality. However, most diseases leading to the loss of vision are still incurable, because current models used in ophthalmic research fail to recapitulate the human eye in many crucial aspects. Combining human retinal organoids with Organ-on-a-chip technology may lead to a paradigm shift in the way we study pathogenesis and treatment of retinal diseases.
Sequential Treatment of Arsenic Trioxide Followed by All Trans Retinoic Acid with Anthracyclines has Excellent Long-Term Cure in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Devadas Santhosh Kumar , Jain Hasmukh , Bagal Bausaheb , Sengar Manju , Dangi Uma , Khattry Navin , Amre Pratibha , Patkar Nikhil , Subramaniam P. G. , Nair Reena , Menon Hari 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) remains the most curable myeloid leukemia made feasible through effective use of two differentiating agents, all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) with or without chemotherapy (CT). However, early morbidity and mortality remains a problem. With the objective of reducing early death a strategy of sequential induction ATO followed by consolidation ATRA in combination with CT was adopted by our group. The long-term outcomes of patient of APL treated on this sequential approach at our center was analyzed. In this retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained database consecutive adult patients with APL irrespective of their Sanz risk group were treated using a protocol of ATO (10 mg IV infusion over 3 h daily for 45 days) in the first phase followed by ATRA (45 mg/m2 for 60 days) in combination with Daunorubicin (60 mg/m2 for 3 days × 3 cycles) in second phase. All patients received maintenance ATRA (45 m/m2 for 15 days every 3 months) for a period of 18 months in phase 3. Patients were monitored for cytogenetic and molecular responses after phase 1 and 2. All patients were followed up for toxicity, event free and overall survival. 131 consecutive patients were treated in this study. At a median follow up of 60 months, 84.81% patients are alive with an overall event free survival (EFS) of 77.82%. Sanz low risk patients fared better (85%) versus intermediate and high-risk patients who had a 76% EFS. Proportion of patients alive at last follow up were 100% in Sanz low risk group and 82% in intermediate and high-risk group. The sequential schedule showed excellent tolerance and toxicity profile when treating newly diagnosed APL. The long-term follow-up data shows comparable if not better survival compared with the published real-world data and this has been consistent across all risk group.
Surgical intervention for portal hypertension caused by oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy: a case report and a review of literature regarding radiological and/or surgical interventions for oxaliplatin-associated portal hypertension
Authors: Morioka Daisuke , Izumisawa Yusuke , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Sato Kei , Komiyama Satoshi , Nakagawa Kazuya , Kakizoe Manabu , Murakami Takashi , Sato Yoshiki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA 63-year-old man showed massive ascites, massive pleural effusion, severe lower-extremity edema, and repeated esophageal variceal bleeding. Two-year previously, he received 13-courses of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (OBC) followed by associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) for multiple colorectal cancer liver metastases but developed a solitary remaining liver metastasis and multiple lung metastases 2 months after the ALPPS, for which multiple regimens of chemotherapy were conducted. The symptoms were considered attributable to the OBC-associated portal-hypertension. Water-retention symptoms were mitigated by the use of tolvaptan but the variceal bleeding necessitated frequent endoscopic treatments and disallowed restarting antineoplastic treatment. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) was considered undesirable because TIPS in this patient might have prohibited future repeat hepatectomy. Thus, the patient underwent splenectomy and surgical portosystemic shunting. Since then, the portal-hypertension symptoms were completely resolved. Thereafter, chemotherapy was able to be recommenced. Moreover, repeat hepatectomy was performed. A literature review demonstrated that radiological and/or surgical interventions for the OBC-associated portal-hypertension have been reported in 31 cases to date. However, this report is the first to show a case of successful treatment of the OBC-associated portal-hypertension with splenectomy and surgical portosystemic shunting, which allowed subsequent chemotherapy followed by repeat hepatectomy.
Source governed trace metal anomalies in groundwater of foothill aquifer and its health effect
Authors: Panda Banajarani , Chidambaram S. , Thilagavathi R. , Ganesh N. , Prasanna M. V. , Vasudevan U. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn integrated study of health risk assessment, pollution indices and cluster analysis has been carried out to assess the pollution and heavy metal sources in the groundwater. Certain elements analyzed exceed the prescribed limits of WHO standard. Health risk index reveals risk of toxicity through oral pathways is less, as almost all trace elements are < 1. The distribution pattern of heavy metal pollution index, heavy metal evaluation index and degree of contamination indicates the pollution is due to urban activities. Sources were determined by cluster analysis, and it resulted in three clusters.