bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submerged Macrophytes Can Maintain Stable Dominance Over Free‐Floating Competitors Through High pH
Authors: Szabó Sándor , Fedor Noémi , Koleszár Gergő , Braun Mihály , Korponai János , Kočić Aleksandra , Hilt Sabine , Oláh Viktor 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Submerged and free‐floating macrophytes are the two main vegetation types that can alternatively dominate in small shallow ponds and ditches. Submerged macrophytes provide more aquatic ecosystem services and cause fewer problems with anoxia and greenhouse gas emissions than free‐floating plants, but are inferior competitors for light. High pH values have been proposed as a contributor to submerged plant dominance, but threshold values for pH‐induced growth reduction of floating plants by submerged macrophytes are not known.

In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to test whether submerged plants (Ceratophyllum demersum) can effectively limit the growth of free‐floating competitors (Lemna gibba) by exceeding a critical threshold pH value. We used field data to test if and when such pH values can be achieved within dense submerged macrophyte stands.

The pH values that caused 50% reduction in fresh weight‐ and chlorophyll‐based growth of L. gibba were 9.6 and 9.8, respectively, and the growth was negligible above pH 10.0. The photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and chlorophyll content of the floating plants declined rapidly above pH 9 and 9.5, respectively. Similarly, phosphorus concentration decreased and dry matter content increased sharply in L. gibba fronds above pH 9.5, respectively. We thus expect a critical pH threshold for L. gibba at around 9.5.

Our mesocosm and field data show that the critical pH threshold for L. gibba growth is regularly exceeded within dense stands of bicarbonate‐using submerged macrophytes in lentic water‐bodies. Such conditions can be prevalent in the upper water layer during most of the day (12 h) in summer.

The literature showed that many duckweed species (and other common free‐floating plants) in temperate and tropical water bodies show growth inhibition above pH 8. Therefore, high pH created by submerged macrophytes that use HCO3− in photosynthesis can be a major mechanism by which dominance over free‐floating competitors is maintained in densely vegetated lentic eutrophic water bodies. We propose that alternative stable states occur between free‐floating and submerged macrophytes along a pH gradient. Active management of pH may, thus, help in maintaining the desired state.
Antitumor effects and immune‐mediated adverse events of durvalumab plus tremelimumab treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ito Takanori , Shimose Shigeo , Tani Joji , Tomonari Tetsu , Saeki Issei , Takeuchi Yasuto , Hatanaka Takeshi , Sasaki Kyo , Kakizaki Satoru , Kanayama Yuki , Yoshioka Naoki , Naito Takehito , Takeuchi Mamiko , Yasunaka Tetsuya , Sakata Masahiro , Iwamoto Hideki , Itano Satoshi , Shirono Tomotake , Tanabe Norikazu , Yamamoto Takafumi , Naganuma Atsushi , Nishina Sohji , Otsuka Motoyuki , Takami Taro , Takayama Tetsuji , Kawaguchi Takumi , Kawashima Hiroki ,   Hepatology InVestigator Experts in Japan (HIVE‐J) Study Group
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimDurvalumab plus tremelimumab (Dur/Tre) is a first‐line systemic treatment option for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). However, the management of severe immune‐mediated adverse events (imAEs) is challenging. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between severe imAEs and antitumor responses in patients with uHCC treated with Dur/Tre.MethodsWe included 157 patients with uHCC treated with Dur/Tre in this multicenter, retrospective study and analyzed the relationship between progression‐free survival (PFS)/antitumor response and severe imAEs requiring high‐dose corticosteroid treatment.ResultsThirty‐two patients (20.4%) developed severe imAEs, including enterocolitis/diarrhea (n = 10), liver injury (n = 9), interstitial lung disease (n = 5), rashes (n = 4), cytokine‐release syndrome/fever (n = 2), pancreatitis (n = 2), and others (n = 4) (median follow‐up period, 6.8 months). Infliximab was administered in six patients with steroid‐refractory enterocolitis. Although the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were significantly higher with first‐line therapy than with later‐line therapy (p = 0.026), the frequency of severe imAEs was not significantly different (p = 0.221). The ORR and DCR in patients with and without severe imAEs were 15.6% and 17.6% and 65.6% and 47.2%, respectively, with no significant differences. Five patients with severe imAEs, including rashes and liver injury, showed objective responses (partial response + complete response). Among patients who achieved an objective response, the PFS at 10 months was good (100% and 70.3% with and without high‐dose corticosteroids, respectively).ConclusionsSevere imAEs of Dur/Tre treatment requiring high‐dose corticosteroid treatment did not affect antitumor efficacy, which differed depending on the type of imAEs. Therefore, appropriately managing imAEs is essential to guide sequential treatment.
Antropomorfisme dalam Lagu Dikir Barat Berunsurkan Haiwan: Analisis Tahap Kefahaman Para Pendengar
Authors: Suhaimi Mohamad Suhaizi , Mohd Razali Muhammad Auzraie 
Published: December 2024

Lagu merupakan gubahan seni nada atau suara disertakan dengan muzik yang mempunyai kesatuan dan kesinambungan. Pada sesebuah lagu terdapat penulisan lirik yang bersifat tersurat atau tersirat. Pada lirik lagu, terdapat beberapa unsur yang boleh diselitkan, antaranya ialah unsur Antropomorfisme yang sering kali dijumpai dalam lirik lagu dikir barat. Hal ini demikian kerana, penggunaan unsur antropomorfisme dalam lirik lagu dikir barat membuatkan para pendengar kurang memahami maksud sebenar yang ingin disampaikan oleh penulis lirik. Justeru, kajian ini memfokuskan antropomorfisme dalam lagu dikir barat yang berunsurkan haiwan seperti kambing, ketam, tikus, ular dan kucing. Objektif kajian ini adalah mengenal pasti elemen antropomorfisme berunsurkan haiwan dalam lagu dikir barat berserta menganalisis kefahaman para pendengar lagu dikir barat terhadap elemen antropomorfisme. Reka bentuk kajian ini ialah berbentuk kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan, temu bual spontan dan edaran borang soal selidik. Dapatan bagi kajian ini ialah responden memberi jawapan bahawa kefahaman mereka memperoleh penilaian pengkaji pada tahap yang tinggi iaitu majoriti memahami akan makna di sebalik lirik lagu tesebut. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi impak yang positif dan menjadi rujukan kajian lanjutan.

The song is a composition of art involving sound or voice accompanied by music that has unity and continuity. Within a song, there are lyrics that can be either explicit or implicit. In the lyrics, several elements can be included, one of which is anthropomorphism, frequently found in the lyrics of dikir barat songs. This is because the use of anthropomorphism in dikir barat lyrics can lead listeners to have difficulty understanding the true meaning intended by the lyricist. Therefore, this study focuses on anthropomorphism in dikir barat songs featuring animals such as goats, crabs, rats, snakes, and cats. The objective of this study is to identify the elements of animal-related anthropomorphism in dikir barat songs and to analyze listeners' understanding of these elements. The study design is qualitative, employing literature review, spontaneous interviews, and distribution of questionnaires. The findings indicate that respondents report a high level of understanding, with the majority grasping the meaning behind the lyrics. This study is hoped to have a positive impact and serve as a reference for further research.
The structure and density of k$k$‐product‐free sets in the free semigroup and group
Authors: Illingworth Freddie , Michel Lukas , Scott Alex 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe free semigroup on a finite alphabet is the set of all finite words with letters from equipped with the operation of concatenation. A subset of is ‐product‐free if no element of can be obtained by concatenating words from , and strongly ‐product‐free if no element of is a (non‐trivial) concatenation of at most words from . We prove that a ‐product‐free subset of has upper Banach density at most , where . We also determine the structure of the extremal ‐product‐free subsets for all ; a special case of this proves a conjecture of Leader, Letzter, Narayanan, and Walters. We further determine the structure of all strongly ‐product‐free sets with maximum density. Finally, we prove that ‐product‐free subsets of the free group have upper Banach density at most , which confirms a conjecture of Ortega, Rué, and Serra.
Syntactic transfer and Russian influence in Veps
Authors: Grünthal Riho 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The current article examines Russian influence on Veps in the light of morphosyntactic change, morphological borrowing and the adoption of new categories. Spoken language has traditionally played a dominating role in the development of Veps and involved extensive variation. Conceivably, there is plenty of both dialectal and idiosyncratic variation in the adoption of Russian characteristics. Actual language contact is based on the intertwining of inherited and borrowed features, and multiple ways of adapting foreign patterns in morphological and syntactic rules. Consequently, the parallel use of Veps and Russian vocabulary and grammar has increased non-Finnic features in Veps.
In the current article prefixal verbs are analysed in more detail by a cross-analysis of verbal morphology in Veps and Russian. The borrowing of Russian verbal prefixes in Veps shows that, in principle, lexically ruled grammatical patterns are more easily borrowed than categories that influence morphological paradigms.
The syntax of the Permic languages during the totalitarian regime in the Soviet Union
Authors: Edygarova Svetlana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, I investigate how the syntax of the Permic languages, Udmurt and Komi, looked during the totalitarian regime in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. In particular, I compare the Udmurt and Komi translations of the Russian text Speech of Comrade J. V. Stalin, published in December 1937. The main research framework of the article is studies on the language of Soviet Communism, also known as Newspeak, e.g. Thom (1989), Sériot (1985, 1986), and Young (1992). These studies claim that the Russian language of Soviet communism was characterized by heavy syntax, nominalization and elimination of verbs. In this article, I demonstrate how translations of Russian Newspeak into Komi and Udmurt changed the syntax of these languages, particularly in the Komi and Udmurt media of the 1930s. The article shows that the Permiс languages were modified for ideological propaganda purposes by mixing them with the Russian language. I also show how the syntax of the Udmurt and Komi languages affected the accuracy of translations.
The syntactic position of genitive modifiers in Beserman Udmurt
Authors: Serdobolskaya Natalia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The paper is focused on the syntactic properties of genitive modifiers in Beserman Udmurt. Apart from the canonical genitive construction with obligatory possessive marking, genitive preposed to the head and head-adjacent (not separated by higher constituents), Beserman allows the structures where the genitive is non-adjacent to the possessum, the possessive suffix is absent, and the possessed nominal may be replaced by an anaphoric pronoun or a question word. Following Edygarova (2010) and Usacheva & Arkhangelskiy (2016), I propose to analyze these constructions in terms of external possession. The genitive in such constructions often has a meaning of a personal locative in terms of Daniel (2003). Thus, I claim that there are two different syntactic positions for the genitive. One of them is a position inside the NP, and another one is external to the NP. On occasion, both positions can be simultaneously filled in spontaneous speech.
From the kitchen to pop culture: The role of Mansi heritage speakers in language shift and language revitalisation
Authors: Horváth Csilla 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mansi is a severely endangered minority language spoken mainly by the Mansi, an indigenous people of the Russian North. Traditionally the Mansi were living on fishing, hunting, gathering, and reindeer breeding, but as a result of industrialisation in the region, they gradually moved to urban types of settlements. Since the beginning of the 21st century the heritage language speakers became visible as a distinctive category beside the group of Mansi native speakers. The Mansi heritage language speakers have less proficiency in Mansi, but they are more active and creative in negotiating the position of their language and culture. As a result of the heritage language speakers’ activity, Mansi is not only the language of the kitchen small talks, but also became the language of the contemporary indigenous pop culture.
Exceptional Visual Improvement in Intracranial Osseous Metaplastic Meningioma: A Case of Stereotactic Radiotherapy Success
Authors: Ajith Kesav , Rathnadevi R. , Subathira B. , Ali Mohammed Sathik 
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims: Meningiomas have different subtypes, including the rare and indolent metaplastic meningioma, which are characterised by the presence of mesenchymal components. The histopathological features of osseous metaplastic meningiomas include the existence of bone tissue and tumour cells within areas devoid of psammoma bodies. These tumours can have devastating symptoms affecting the quality of life of the patient severely. Tumours in proximity to critical structures pose a unique challenge in management, making it essential to address these issues for effective local control and symptom relief. Materials and Methods: Here we present a rare case report of a gentleman diagnosed to have intracranial osseous metaplastic meningioma who experienced severe visual deficits, for whom postoperative radiotherapy was administered and excellent outcome was achieved. Results: At a 12-month follow-up, patient had dramatic improvement in vision. Discussion: Stereotactic radiotherapy is a safe and effective method for achieving excellent local control, improving symptoms and enhancing quality of life of the patient. The proximity of critical structures and their dose tolerances should be key considerations while deciding on the fractionation scheme.
The annulus: composition, role and importance in sperm flagellum biogenesis and male fertility
Authors: Whitfield Marjorie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe annulus is an electron-dense ring structure that surrounds the axoneme and compartmentalizes the sperm flagellum into two parts: the midpiece and the principal piece. The function of the annulus as a diffusion barrier in the mature spermatozoon is now well described but its function during spermiogenesis remains unclear. The intriguing spatio-temporal dynamics of the annulus during spermiogenesis and its position at the interface of the two main flagellar compartments have been highlighted for more than 50 years, and suggest a major role in this process. During the last decade, numerous studies contributed in establishing a repertoire of proteins known to be located at the annulus. Mutant mouse models of invalidation of these proteins have provided essential information and clues for novel hypotheses regarding the functions and regulation of this structure. Importantly, the recent identification in humans of homozygous mutations of genes coding for annulus proteins and leading to sterility have reinforced the importance of this ring structure for sperm physiology and male fertility. This review provides a comprehensive description of all the knowledge obtained in the last several years regarding the annulus composition and functions, both in mice and in humans.
Physicians’ views and knowledge on the antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in advanced dementia
Authors: Harpaz Itai , Punchik Boris , Freud Tamar , Press Yan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Antibiotic treatment (AT) for patients with advanced dementia and pneumonia is a complex issue. AT can prolong life, but it can also prolong suffering for the patient and the family. In this study we evaluated physicians’ attitudes to this issue.

Methods
A vignette-based survey among community-based physicians (CBP) and hospital-based physicians (HBP) who work in southern Israel. The physicians were asked to complete a questionnaire on their knowledge and attitudes to AT, based on a case description of a patient with advanced dementia and pneumonia.

Results
211 physicians participated in the study including 134 CBP (63.5%) and 77 HBP (36.5%). 177 physicians chose the AT option for the patient presented in the case, with 59.7% of the HBP and 32.8% of the CBP choosing intravenous (IV) AT (p = 0.017). In contrast, in the same case, but with themselves as the patient, 68.8% of HBP and 32.8% of CBP chose the option of palliative care without AT, with only 14.3% of HBP and 10.4% of CBP choosing the option of hospitalization with IV AT. In two logistic regression models, physicians who chose IV AT for themselves were fourfold more likely to make a similar choice for their patients. Over 75% of the physicians were not knowledgeable about the administration of AT in accordance with the Dying Patient Act.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate the need for an educational intervention among physicians to expand their knowledge and expertise on end-of-life treatment for patients with advanced dementia. In addition, we invite policy makers to convene a discussion on the possibility of changing the law to facilitate the conduct of studies of patients with advanced dementia. Such studies would make it possible to develop an evidence-based treatment strategy.
Global, regional and national disease burden of food-borne trematodiases: projections to 2030 based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Liu Lu , Lu Li-Dan , Yang Guo-Jing , Qian Men-Bao , Yang Kun , Tan Feng , Zhou Xiao-Nong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Food-borne trematodiases (FBTs), mainly encompassing clonorchiasis, fascioliasis, fasciolopsiasis, opisthorchiasis, and paragonimiasis, is a neglected public health problem, particularly in the WHO South-East Asia and the Western Pacific regions. This study evaluates the global, regional, and national disease burden of FBTs from 1990 to 2021 and projects trends to 2030, underscore the need for targeted prevention and control.

Methods
Using the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database, the crude and the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized prevalence disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) of FBTs at the global, regional and national level from 1990 to 2021 were described. The pivotal years of trend changes were identified using joinpoint regression analysis. The effects of age, period, cohort on FBTs prevalence and correlation with the sociodemographic index (SDI) was analyzed. Finally, the worldwide disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for FBTs, projected up to 2030 using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model, were analyzed.

Results
In 2021, 44,466,329 FBTs cases [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 40,017,217, 50,034,921], and 998,028 DALYs [95% UI: 569,766, 1,638,112] were estimated across 17 countries. The Western Pacific region exhibited the highest ASPR and ASDR, with the values of 1649.26 (95% UI: 1461.95, 1881.64) and 36.54 (95% UI: 19.77, 64.16), respectively. From 1990 to 2021, Lao PDR, Thailand, and the Philippines showed the most substantial declines in FBTs, while Kazakhstan had the largest average annual percentage change in DALYs (− 6.60, 95% UI: − 7.10, − 6.10). High-middle and middle SDI countries exhibited higher burden, with ASDR values of 28.03 (95% UI: 15.41, 48.73) and 16.63 (95% UI: 9.32, 27.68), respectively. The disease burden was greater among males, peaking in the 50–59 age group. The projected ASDR in 2030 is 13.10 for males and 8.40 for females.

Conclusions
FBTs remain a public health threat, with the global ASDR projected to remain stable, showing only a slight decrease by 2030. Low-income countries face ambiguous mortality rates and underestimated disease burdens, highlighting the need for improved surveillance. To achieve the 2030 NTD goal, comprehensive surveillance and integrated strategies derived using a One Health approach should be prioritized to control FBTs effectively.

Graphical Abstract
Case series showing the safety and changes in lipid profiles of hemodialysis patients with hypertriglyceridemia after pemafibrate administration
Authors: Okada Rino , Onishi Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Naoya , Ishihara Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Tomohisa , Mifune Tomoyo , Sakurabu Yoshimasa , Nojima Ichiro , Morinaga Hiroshi , Uchida Haruhito A. , Wada Jun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Dyslipidemia is a key focus of cardiovascular therapy and is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia mainly caused by lipoprotein lipase-mediated metabolism of ApoC-III in patients with ESRD. Pemafibrate, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator, can be used regardless of renal function and inhibit ApoC-III expression in the liver.

Case presentation
We reported the cases of four patients on hemodialysis who met at least 175 mg/dL of triglycerides on the consecutive three tests between September 2022 and November 2022 and took 0.1 mg pemafibrate twice a day from November 2022 to May 2023. They experienced no adverse events after pemafibrate treatment. Pemafibrate significantly reduced triglyceride (TG) (302 ± 72 to 140 ± 50 mg/dL, p = 0.048), total cholesterol (187 ± 34 to 156 ± 48 mg/dL, p = 0.025), and Apo C-III (15.9 ± 8.2 to 12.6 ± 7.1, p = 0.030) levels. Apo A-II levels significantly increased after treatment (27.0 ± 6.1 to 37.1 ± 5.8, p = 0.041).

Conclusions
Pemafibrate decreased TG, total cholesterol, and Apo-CIII and increased Apo A-II without adverse events. Further study is needed to examine the favorable effects of pemafibrate on the risk of CVD.