bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat-responsive and time-resolved transcriptome and metabolome analyses of Escherichia coli uncover thermo-tolerant mechanisms
Authors: Kim Sinyeon , Kim Youngshin , Suh Dong Ho , Lee Choong Hwan , Yoo Seung Min , Lee Sang Yup , Yoon Sung Ho 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCurrent understanding of heat shock response has been complicated by the fact that heat stress is inevitably accompanied by changes in specific growth rates and growth stages. In this study, a chemostat culture was successfully performed to avoid the physico-chemical and biological changes that accompany heatshock, which provided a unique opportunity to investigate the full range of cellular responses to thermal stress, ranging from temporary adjustment to phenotypic adaptation at multi-omics levels. Heat-responsive and time-resolved changes in the transcriptome and metabolome of a widely used E. coli strain BL21(DE3) were explored in which the temperature was upshifted from 37 to 42 °C. Omics profiles were categorized into early (2 and 10 min), middle (0.5, 1, and 2 h), and late (4, 8, and 40 h) stages of heat stress, each of which reflected the initiation, adaptation, and phenotypic plasticity steps of the stress response. The continued heat stress modulated global gene expression by controlling the expression levels of sigma factors in different time frames, including unexpected downregulation of the second heatshock sigma factor gene (rpoE) upon the heat stress. Trehalose, cadaverine, and enterobactin showed increased production to deal with the heat-induced oxidative stress. Genes highly expressed at the late stage were experimentally validated to provide thermotolerance. Intriguingly, a cryptic capsular gene cluster showed considerably high expression level only at the late stage, and its expression was essential for cell growth at high temperature. Granule-forming and elongated cells were observed at the late stage, which was morphological plasticity occurred as a result of acclimation to the continued heat stress. Whole process of thermal adaptation along with the genetic and metabolic changes at fine temporal resolution will contribute to far-reaching comprehension of the heat shock response. Further, the identified thermotolerant genes will be useful to rationally engineer thermotolerant microorganisms.
Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with canopy temperature in soybean
Authors: Bazzer Sumandeep K. , Purcell Larry C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA consistent risk for soybean (Glycine max L.) production is the impact of drought on growth and yield. Canopy temperature (CT) is an indirect measure of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance and may be valuable in distinguishing differences among genotypes in response to drought. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with CT using thermal infrared imaging in a population of recombinant inbred lines developed from a cross between KS4895 and Jackson. Heritability of CT was 35% when estimated across environments. QTL analysis identified 11 loci for CT distributed on eight chromosomes that individually explained between 4.6 and 12.3% of the phenotypic variation. The locus on Gm11 was identified in two individual environments and across environments and explained the highest proportion of phenotypic variation (9.3% to 11.5%) in CT. Several of these CT loci coincided with the genomic regions from previous studies associated with canopy wilting, canopy temperature, water use efficiency, and other morpho-physiological traits related with drought tolerance. Candidate genes with biological function related to transpiration, root development, and signal transduction underlie these putative CT loci. These genomic regions may be important resources in soybean breeding programs to improve tolerance to drought.
Behavioral and neurophysiological taste responses to sweet and salt are diminished in a model of subclinical intestinal inflammation
Authors: Pittman David W. , Dong Guangkuo , Brantly Alexandra M. , He Lianying , Nelson Tyler S. , Kogan Schuyler , Powell Julia , McCluskey Lynnette Phillips 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is strong evidence for gut-taste bud interactions that influence taste function, behavior and feeding. However, the effect of gut inflammation on this axis is unknown despite reports of taste changes in gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory conditions. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inflammatory stimulus derived from gram-negative bacteria, is present in the normal GI tract and levels increase during high-fat feeding and gut infection and inflammation. Recordings from the chorda tympani nerve (CT), which transmits taste information from taste buds on the anterior tongue to the brain, previously revealed a transient decrease in sucrose responses in mice that ingest LPS during a single overnight period. Here we test the effect of acute or chronic, weekly LPS gavage on licking behavior and CT responses. Using brief-access testing, rats treated with acute LPS and mice receiving acute or chronic LPS decreased licking responses to sucrose and saccharin and to NaCl in mice. In long-term (23 h) tests chronic LPS also reduced licking responses to saccharin, sucrose, and NaCl in mice. Neurophysiological recordings from the CT supported behavioral changes, demonstrating reduced responses to sucrose, saccharin, acesulfame potassium, glucose and NaCl in acute and chronic LPS groups compared to controls. Chronic LPS significantly elevated neutrophils in the small intestine and colon, but LPS was not detected in serum and mice did not display sickness behavior or lose weight. These results indicate that sweet and salt taste sensitivity could be reduced even in asymptomatic or mild localized gut inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease.
Fecal microbiota transplantation from warthog to pig confirms the influence of the gut microbiota on African swine fever susceptibility
Authors: Zhang Jinya , Rodríguez Fernando , Navas Maria Jesus , Costa-Hurtado Mar , Almagro Vanessa , Bosch-Camós Laia , López Elisabeth , Cuadrado Raul , Accensi Francesc , Pina-Pedrero Sonia , Martínez Jorge , Correa-Fiz Florencia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of a devastating hemorrhagic disease (ASF) that affects both domestic pigs and wild boars. Conversely, ASFV circulates in a subclinical manner in African wild pigs, including warthogs, the natural reservoir for ASFV. Together with genetic differences, other factors might be involved in the differential susceptibility to ASF observed among Eurasian suids (Sus scrofa) and African warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus). Preliminary evidence obtained in our laboratory and others, seems to confirm the effect that environmental factors might have on ASF infection. Thus, domestic pigs raised in specific pathogen-free (SPF) facilities were extremely susceptible to highly attenuated ASFV strains that were innocuous to genetically identical domestic pigs grown on conventional farms. Since gut microbiota plays important roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, regulating immune system maturation and the functionality of the innate/adaptive immune responses, we decided to examine whether warthog fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to domestic pigs affects host susceptibility to ASFV. The present work demonstrates that warthog FMT is not harmful for domestic weaned piglets, while it modifies their gut microbiota; and that FMT from warthogs to pigs confers partial protection against attenuated ASFV strains. Future work is needed to elucidate the protective mechanisms exerted by warthog FMT.
Adjustments of cardiac mitochondrial phenotype in a warmer thermal habitat is associated with oxidative stress in European perch, Perca fluviatilis
Authors: Pichaud Nicolas , Ekström Andreas , Breton Sophie , Sundström Fredrik , Rowinski Piotr , Blier Pierre U. , Sandblom Erik 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMitochondria are playing key roles in setting the thermal limits of fish, but how these organelles participate in selection mechanisms during extreme thermal events associated with climate warming in natural populations is unclear. Here, we investigated the thermal effects on mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial gene expression in cardiac tissues of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) collected from an artificially heated ecosystem, the “Biotest enclosure”, and an adjacent reference area in the Baltic sea with normal temperatures (~ 23 °C and ~ 16 °C, respectively, at the time of capture in summer). Fish were sampled one month after a heat wave that caused the Biotest temperatures to peak at ~ 31.5 °C, causing significant mortality. When assayed at 23 °C, Biotest perch maintained high mitochondrial capacities, while reference perch displayed depressed mitochondrial functions relative to measurements at 16 °C. Moreover, mitochondrial gene expression ofnd4(mitochondrial subunit of complex I) was higher in Biotest fish, likely explaining the increased respiration rates observed in this population. Nonetheless, cardiac tissue from Biotest perch displayed higher levels of oxidative damage, which may have resulted from their chronically warm habitat, as well as the extreme temperatures encountered during the preceding summer heat wave. We conclude that eurythermal fish such as perch are able to adjust and maintain mitochondrial capacities of highly aerobic organs such as the heart when exposed to a warming environment as predicted with climate change. However, this might come at the expense of exacerbated oxidative stress, potentially threatening performance in nature.
Prediction of genome-wide effects of single nucleotide variants on transcription factor binding
Authors: Carrasco Pro Sebastian , Bulekova Katia , Gregor Brian , Labadorf Adam , Fuxman Bass Juan Ignacio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSingle nucleotide variants (SNVs) located in transcriptional regulatory regions can result in gene expression changes that lead to adaptive or detrimental phenotypic outcomes. Here, we predict gain or loss of binding sites for 741 transcription factors (TFs) across the human genome. We calculated ‘gainability’ and ‘disruptability’ scores for each TF that represent the likelihood of binding sites being created or disrupted, respectively. We found that functional cis-eQTL SNVs are more likely to alter TF binding sites than rare SNVs in the human population. In addition, we show that cancer somatic mutations have different effects on TF binding sites from different TF families on a cancer-type basis. Finally, we discuss the relationship between these results and cancer mutational signatures. Altogether, we provide a blueprint to study the impact of SNVs derived from genetic variation or disease association on TF binding to gene regulatory regions.
Rapid production of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and spike specific monoclonal antibody CR3022 in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Rattanapisit Kaewta , Shanmugaraj Balamurugan , Manopwisedjaroen Suwimon , Purwono Priyo Budi , Siriwattananon Konlavat , Khorattanakulchai Narach , Hanittinan Oranicha , Boonyayothin Wanuttha , Thitithanyanont Arunee , Smith Duncan R. , Phoolcharoen Waranyoo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the ongoing global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which is a significant threat to global public health. The rapid spread of COVID-19 necessitates the development of cost-effective technology platforms for the production of vaccines, drugs, and protein reagents for appropriate disease diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we explored the possibility of producing the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 and an anti-SARS-CoV monoclonal antibody (mAb) CR3022 in Nicotiana benthamiana. Both RBD and mAb CR3022 were transiently produced with the highest expression level of 8 μg/g and 130 μg/g leaf fresh weight respectively at 3 days post-infiltration. The plant-produced RBD exhibited specific binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Furthermore, the plant-produced mAb CR3022 binds to SARS-CoV-2, but fails to neutralize the virus in vitro. This is the first report showing the production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD and mAb CR3022 in plants. Overall these findings provide a proof-of-concept for using plants as an expression system for the production of SARS-CoV-2 antigens and antibodies or similar other diagnostic reagents against SARS-CoV-2 rapidly, especially during epidemic or pandemic situation.
Distribution, characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of Phanerochaete chrysosporium under lead ion stress and the influence on Pb removal
Authors: Li Ningjie , Liu Jie , Yang Rui , Wu Lei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe distribution, characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of Phanerochaete chrysosporium under Pb2+ stress and the influence on Pb removal were investigated. Polysaccharides was found to be the main composition in both soluble EPS (SEPS) and bounded EPS (BEPS). More polysaccharides and protein in BEPS were detected with the increased Pb2+ concentration. The ratio of Pb amount distributed in BEPS to the total Pb removed by the fungal biomass gradually decreased from 91.66 to 61.27% in group with 50 mg/L of initial Pb2+, but kept at about 35% or 25% in groups with higher Pb2+. It implies that BEPS played a certain role in the lead removal process, and the role of BEPS was relatively more important in the removal of lower concentration of Pb2+ and in the initial period of Pb removal. With FTIR analysis and Pb2+ adsorption experiment, more effective functional groups and better Pb2+ adsorption capacity was demonstrated in BEPS than in SEPS. SEM–EDS analysis demonstrated that part of Pb immobilized in BEPS was in the form of Pb precipitation. The increased molecular weight in SEPS and more polysaccharides in BEPS were probably beneficial for the adhesion of Pb precipitation.
Extracorporeal shockwave treatment in knee osteoarthritis: therapeutic effects and possible mechanism
Authors: An Senbo , Li Jingyi , Xie Wenqing , Yin Ni , Li Yusheng , Hu Yihe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common degenerative joint disease, is characterized by the cardinal symptoms of chronic pain and restricted joint activity. The complicated pathological changes associated with OA and unclear mechanistic etiology have rendered existing non-surgical OA management options unsatisfactory. Increasing clinical and experimental evidence suggests that extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is beneficial in OA treatment. ESWT is found to have modifying effects on cartilage and subchondral bone alterations in OA progression, as well as the clinical complaints of patients, including chronic pain and limited joint activities. However, the specific treatment strategy regarding the dosage and frequency of ESWT is still underdetermined. This review discusses the existing evidence regarding the therapeutic indications and possible mechanism of ESWT for OA treatment.
A stringent upper limit of the PH3abundance at the cloud top of Venus
Authors: Encrenaz T. , Greathouse T. K. , Marcq E. , Widemann T. , Bézard B. , Fouchet T. , Giles R. , Sagawa H. , Greaves J. , Sousa-Silva C. 
Published: October 2020

Aims.Following the announcement of the detection of phosphine (PH3) in the cloud deck of Venus at millimeter wavelengths, we searched for other possible signatures of this molecule in the infrared range.Methods.Since 2012, we have been observing Venus in the thermal infrared at various wavelengths to monitor the behavior of SO2and H2O at the cloud top. We identified a spectral interval recorded in March 2015 around 950 cm−1where a PH3transition is present.Results.From the absence of any feature at this frequency, we derive, on the disk-integrated spectrum, a 3-σupper limit of 5 ppbv for the PH3mixing ratio, which is assumed to be constant throughout the atmosphere. This limit is four times lower than the disk-integrated mixing ratio derived at millimeter wavelengths.Conclusions.Our result places a strong constraint on the maximum PH3abundance at the cloud top and in the lower mesosphere of Venus.
Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis and Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome due to Homozygous Mutation in the ALOX12B gene: A Novel Association with Review of Literature
Authors: Dawman Lesa , Kaur Anit , Nada Ritambhra , Chakraborty Soumalya , Handa Sanjeev , Sharawat Indar Kumar , Tiewsoh Karalanglin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNephrotic syndrome (NS) associated with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a rare association. In this article, we described a 4-year-old boy with steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) who had a history of ichthyotic skin lesions since birth. Renal biopsy revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (tip variant). The skin biopsy was consistent with the findings of ichthyosis. Next-generation sequencing revealed a homozygous pathogenic variant (c.1625_1626del) in the exon 12 of the ALOX12B gene, confirming the diagnosis of ARCI2. The ALOX12B gene belongs to the lipoxygenase family and has a pivotal role in the formation of lipid layers in the epidermis. Leukotrienes have a counter-regulatory effect within the inflamed glomeruli, which influences the vascular tone and glomerular basement membrane permeability, that can be implicated in the pathogenesis of the NS. This child is currently in remission, on tacrolimus and low-dose prednisolone, with emollients and is on regular follow-up. SRNS associated with congenital ichthyosis secondary to a mutation in the ALOX12B gene has never been reported so far. The knowledge regarding this novel association will help the treating physicians in diagnosing this condition early, which will enable proper genetic counseling and prognostication of the disease to the family.
Emotional policies: Introducing branding as a tool for science diplomacy
Authors: Raev Alexander , Minkman Ellen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article seeks to expand the science diplomacy (SD) discourse by introducing the concept of branding, focusing on its use as a tool for nation state decision makers. Although the current literature on SD has explored the relation between science and diplomacy, the question of how individual science projects can effectively aid SD has been left largely unanswered. Drawing on the SD as well as on the place and policy branding literature, a framework for the analysis and conceptualization of branding as a tool for SD and for Public Diplomacy in general is developed. This framework introduces three distinct branding styles: nation branding, policy branding and policy tool branding. The applicability of the framework is demonstrated by the comparison of two cases of branding by nation state policy makers: branding in the field of German transnational education and in the science and knowledge-based Dutch Water Diplomacy. The German case study shows that branding activities relating to ‘German’ SD are fragmented and focus mostly on individual projects, while the use of transnational education as an instrument to advance policy branding or nation branding remains largely underdeveloped. Such a lopsided branding process undermines the effectiveness of branding as an effective SD tool. In contrast, the potential of coordinated branding strategies as a foreign policy tool becomes apparent in the ‘Dutch Delta Approach’. In this centralised and coordinated branding process, activities on all three proposed branding layers were implemented, effectively employing branding to increase the visibility of the Dutch nation state, increase the attraction of its high-tech water management sector as well as to rejuvenate the Netherland’s bi-lateral relations with selected partner countries. Branding, as we argue, should be added to the analysis of contemporary science diplomacy as well as of broader foreign policies, adding to the understanding of SD as an instrument of cross-border communication and global opinion shaping. The paper ends with a discussion of potential limitations of branding, in order to illustrate that branding can be an effective instrument but should not be seen as an international relations panacea.
Effects of vector leptoquarks on

decay
Authors: Azizi K. , Olgun A. T. , Tavukoğlu Z. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Experimental data on

,

, and

, provided by different collaborations, show sizable deviations from the standard model predictions. To describe these anomalies, many new physics scenarios have been proposed. One of them is the leptoquark model, which introduces the simultaneous coupling of vector and scalar leptoquarks to quarks and leptons. To look for similar possible anomalies in the baryonic sector, we investigate the effects of a vector leptoquark

on various physical quantities related to the tree-level

decays (

), which proceed via

transitions at the quark level. We calculate the differential branching ratio, forward-backward asymmetry, and longitudinal polarizations of leptons and

baryons at the

and

lepton channels in the leptoquark model and compare their behavior to the predictions of the SM in terms of

. In the calculations, we use the form factors calculated in full QCD as the main input and account for all errors coming from the form factors and model parameters. We observe that at the

channel, the

fit solution to data related to the leptoquark model sweeps some regions out of the SM band; nevertheless, the fit has a considerable intersection with the SM predictions. The

type solution gives roughly the same results as the SM on

. At the

channel, the leptoquark model gives results that are consistent with the SM predictions and existing experimental data on the behavior of

with respect to

. Concerning the

behavior of the

, the two types of fits for

and the predictions at the

channel in the leptoquark model give exactly the same results as the SM. We also investigate the behavior of the parameter

with respect to

and the value of

in both the vector leptoquark and SM models. Both fit solutions lead to results that deviate considerably from the SM predictions for

and

. Future experimental data on

and

, made available by measurements of the

channel, will be particularly helpful. Any experimental deviations from the SM predictions in this channel would emphasize the importance of tree-level hadronic weak transitions as good probes of new physics effects beyond the SM.
Microscopic states of Kerr black holes from boundary-bulk correspondence *
Authors: Wang Jing-Bo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It was previously claimed by the author that black holes can be considered as topological insulators. Both black holes and topological insulators have boundary modes, and the boundary modes can be described by an effective BF theory. In this paper, the boundary modes on the horizons of black holes are analyzed using methods developed for topological insulators. BTZ black holes are analyzed first, and the results are found to be compatible with previous works. The results are then generalized to Kerr black holes, for which new results are obtained: dimensionless right- and left-temperatures can be defined and have well behavior in both the Schwarzschild limit

and the extremal limit

. Upon the Kerr/CFT correspondence, a central charge

can be associated with an arbitrary Kerr black hole. Moreover, the microstates of the Kerr black hole can be identified with the quantum states of this scalar field. From this identification, the number of microstates of the Kerr black hole can be counted, yielding the Bekenstein-Hawking area law for the entropy.