bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus
Authors: Dixon Hassan Z.A. , Hamandi Yasir M. , Mahmmoud Ammar M.A. , Hoz Samer S. , Al-Sharshahi Zahraa F. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Obstructive hydrocephalus has long been managed by valve-regulated shunts. These shunts are associated with a myriad of short and long-term complications. This has fueled interest in Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) which provides a more physiological pathway for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion while avoiding many shunt-related complications.
Aim: The objective of this study is to analyze the outcomes of ETV at our institution, focusing on the indications, success rates, and short-term complications.
Methods: Between July 2010 and September 2015, 47 patients with obstructive hydrocephalus underwent ETV at the Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital in Baghdad/ Iraq. We retrospectively analyzed the data of these patients using hospital health records. Simple statistics were performed using SPSS Version 20. A standardized surgical technique was employed in all cases.
Results: The mean age was 4.4 years (range 40 days - 38 years). The male: female ratio was 1.23:1 (55% males and 45% females). The most common cause of obstructive hydrocephalus in patients undergoing ETV was aqueductal stenosis (62%; N=29). The second most common cause was posterior fossa tumours (23%; N=11). The overall success rate for ETV was 68%. The net post-operative complication rate was 13% (N=6). CSF leak and seizures were the only two charted post-operative complications at the rates of 9%(N=4) and 4% (N=2), accordingly. No deaths were recorded.
Conclusion: ETV is a viable alternative to shunt insertion in a select group of patients with obstructive hydrocephalus, with acceptable success rate and safety profile.
PREFERENSI KONSUMEN TERHADAP PRODUK HASIL LAUT (STUDI KASUS RESTORAN SEAFOOD MJM KOTA PALU, SULAWESI TENGAH)
Authors: Gazali Mohamad 
Published: July 2020

Many bussinessman develop the restaurant of seafood in the Palu Town, Central Sulawesi. The production’s fisheries activities yielded high protein products and consumed by community, not only limited to fisheries products but also the processed product with various taste. One of the products of fisheries that distributed in the market were the marine products in The Palu town. The objectives of this study is to analyse the preferences of consumer on the marine products in the Palu town. The study method is the case study (case study with a unit of famous seafood restaurant cases MJM that located in the Palu town. The sampling method which used in this study was accidental sampling. The type of fisheries product that sold in the Seafood Restaurant of MJM were groupers, snapper fish, baronang, katamba, mangrove’s crabs, shrimps and squid. The interest of marine product was undertaken with analysis of multiple linear regression and yielded F-count > F-Table with level of significance 95% shown concordance of consumer’s interest to attribute of product. Simultanously, attribute of product of diversity (X1) = , quality (X2), price (X3), taste (X4), and service (X5) have influenced significantly to preference of consumer whereas partially, the product attribute of quality (X2) possess effect the most dominant with coefficient of regression value is 0,531 or 53,1%. Thus, the preference of consumer to marine product is quality of fish was level of freshing quality, clean, consumed healthty.
NETRALISASI MINYAK HATI IKAN CUCUT PISANG (Charcarinus falciformis) MENGGUNAKAN NaOH
Authors: Ukhty Nabila , Rozi Anhar 
Published: July 2020

The shark has a yield by-product from its liver up to 20% of its body weight, 50% of the total fish oil found on the liver. The aimed of this study was to determine heavy metal content, fatty acid profilel, and parameter of oxidation after neutralization. The method of heavy metal test for silky shark oil stated on the SNI and fatty acid analysis referred to AOAC. Neutralization used NaOH 18°Be temperature (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80°C). The result of oil neutralization with NaOH had heavy metal content meet to IFOS (0.1 ppm), fatty acid of SFA was 19.58% , MUFA was 19.26 %, and PUFA was 41.58 %. The oxidation result of silky shark liver oil neutralization indicated the best treatment at 50°C with peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine value (p-AV), percentage of free fatty acid (% FFA), acid value (AV), and total oxidation (TOTOX) were 72,49±0,27 mEq/kg, 8,57±0,46 mEq/kg, 0,28±0,00%, 0,56±0,00 mg KOH/kg, 13,57±1,01 mEq/kg respectively.
SKREENING POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK Padina australis Hauck TERHADAP BAKTERI Vibrio harveyii
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Safutra Eri 
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, a lot of research about the treatment a safe and environmentally sound which uses natural ingredients, one of which seaweed. In the last decade, a wide variety of structures is very unique bioactive compounds from algae isolates have been isolated. But, the resource utilization of bioactive compound from algae has not been done. This study aimed to test the ability of marine macroalgae P. australis Hauck in producing antibacterial compounds Vibrio harveryi. The existence of macroalgae P. australis antibacterial producer is expected to decrease the number of pathogenic bacteria, so as to decrease the likelihood of developing a disease that attacks fish. The research was conducted in two laboratories, the Laboratory of Biological MIPA Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh and Brackish Water Aquaculture Institute (BBAP) Batee Ujong, Aceh Besar. Marine macroalgae taken from the waters around Labuhan Haji South Aceh District. The location was selected because of macroalgae in the area are plentiful because the waters are clean. Based on phytochemical test on P. australis extract containing flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The results of measurements of inhibition zone formed in each treatment obtained the largest inhibition zone at 12:55 mm on a 80% concentration of the extract. While the smallest inhibitory zone at 6:19 mm at a concentration of 100%. Thus, inhibition zone on extracts of P. australis against V. harveyi bacteria at a concentration of 80% is the optimum inhibition of the extract.
LAJU KEMUNDURAN MUTU IKAN LELE (Clarias sp.) PADA PENYIMPANAN SUHU CHILLING
Authors: Rozi Anhar 
Published: July 2020

Catfish (Clarias sp.) is one type of freshwater fish. Quality of deterioration of fish takes place in a very fast, so it takes the right treatment to inhibit decay processes that occur either chemically or enzymatically. The aimed of this studywas performed to determine the rate of quality deterioration of catfish phase pre rigor, rigor mortis, and post rigor during storage chilling temperature. The proximate value of catfish content for protein, moisture, ash,fat, and carbohydrate was 2.94%, 77.78%, 1.35%, 0.95%, 16.96% respectevely. Results of pH testedincrease from 6.61to be 6.81. TVB values of catfish had varies between from 14.18 to 739.2 mg N/100g, whereas TPC value from 0.95 x105to 55x105 colonies/g.Storage of catfish with chilling temperature was can inhibit quality of deterioration, becasuse the lower remperature inhibit activities for microbiological, biochemical and enzymatic.
DOMESTIKASI IKAN BILEH (Rasbora sp) ASAL PERAIRAN ACEH BARAT DALAM WADAH BUDIDAYA BERBEDA
Authors: Zulfadhli Zulfadhli , Fadhillah Radhi 
Published: July 2020

Pemanfaatan ikan bileh (Rasbora sp) oleh nelayan untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar dan sebagai sumber ekonomi membuat populasi ikan di alam terancam. Alternatif mengatasi populasi ikan semakin sedikit di alam yaitu dengan cara mengurangi kegiatan penangkapan dan mengupayakan ikan bileh untuk di budidaya. Langkap pertama dalam upaya budidaya adalah melakukan domestikasi untuk mendapatkan teknologi budidaya ikan bileh. Domestikasi merupakan proses penjinakan dan adaptasi ikan liar dari habitat alam ke lingkungan budidaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses penjinakkan ikan bileh dari alam ke wadah budidaya, dan mengetahui kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan ikan bileh yang dipelihara dalam wadah budidaya berbeda, serta menentukan wadah budidaya terbaik untuk pemeliharaan ikan bileh. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor perlakuan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu wadah budidaya berbeda, terdiri atas 4 perlakuan(P) dengan 3 kali ulangan (U), yaitu: P1= akuarium, P2=fiber, P3= terpal, dan P4= bak semen. Tahapan penelitian yaitu: persiapan wadah, koleksi ikan bileh, pemeliharaan dalam wadah budidaya, pengamatan dan pengambilan data. Data yang diambil meliputi proses penjinakan, tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan (survival rate), pertumbuhan ikan dan parameter kualitas air. Data diolah dan dianalisi dengan uji statistik F (Anova). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, persentase kelangsungan hidup ikan tertinggi terdapat pada P4 (bak semen) dengan nilai 16,7%, diikuti P1 (akuarium) dengan nilai 15,5%, P2 (fiber) dengan nilai 8,9%, dan P3 (terpal) dengan nilai 2,2%. laju pertumbuhan berat mutlak dan panjang mutlak tertinggi terdapat pada P4 (bak semen) dan P1 (akuarium).
Дослідницьке поле екосеміотики
Authors: Gardashuk Tetiana 
Published: July 2020

У статті досліджується екосеміотика (термін запропонований Вілфрідом Нотом) – міждисциплінарна галузь, що має на меті: 1) поглибити розуміння особливостей взаємодії між людиною і довкіллям, культурою і природою на основі застосування семіотичного підходу; 2) розширення пізнавальних можливостей людини у природнознавчій і культурознавчій сферах за допомогою семіотичного інструментарію. Відзначається, що екосеміотика безпосередньо пов’язана з біосеміотикою, семіотикою культури (культурною семіотикою), а також з екологічною (інвайронментальною) філософією. Вона спирається на принцип неперервності (спадкоємності) у розвитку природи та розуму (свідомості) (Ч. Пірс), уявлення про внутрішній зв'язок між живими (природними) та семіотичними процесами (Дж. Хофмейер), голістичний (системний) погляд на семіосферу (Ю. Лотман). Екосеміотика розглядає взаємодію культури і природи як двосторонній процес, в якому природа визначає культуру так само, як і культура у різний спосіб окреслює природу. Зауважується, що для екосеміотики як порівняно нового дослідницького напряму не вироблено єдиного методологічного базису та бачення досліджуваного ним кола проблем, що цілком релевантно ситуації в семіотиці загалом. Автор доходить висновку, що на тлі постійного зростання досліджень, які позиціонують себе як екосеміотичні, цей напрям потребує відповідних методологічних рефлексій і оцінок.
Reflection of the Russian Empire Social Policy (1861–1914)
in English-American Historiography
Authors: Motorova Nadeshda 
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes English and American researchers’ works which reflected the factors that influenced the formation of the state social policy of the Russian Empire in 1861–1914 and its individual aspects. It is noted that in studies on institutional history foreign scholars point to the problems in organizing the system of local government and self-government, which negatively affected the development
of the social sphere. These drawbacks include the lack of institutional unity between the various branches of government and a single strategic purpose for the
state development, the inability of various institutions of power to provide an effective solution to the problems of the population. These issues are indicated by A. Verner, N. Weissman, T. Pearson and others. The works of this direction contain
negative or neutral assessments of the state internal policy, which included social policy. Its certain aspects have also received coverage in the studies on social history. In foreign historiography attention was paid to such problems as the development of charity in the Russian Empire and the situation of children, as and the healthcare system. For understanding the essence of the state social policy, the conclusions made by A. Lindenmeyr are of particular value. She points to gradual rationalization of assistance to the people in need as well as maintaining the general control of the state over its development. B. Gorshkov, analyzing the problem of child labor in the Russian Empire, for the first time affects the actual social policy of the state. He emphasizes that in this direction, state institutions and the public
have managed to establish successful cooperation and achieve positive results.
ANALISIS TATANIAGA BERAS DARI LUAR BERAU DI KECAMATAN TANJUNG REDEB KABUPATEN BERAU (Analysis of Rice Marketing from Berau Outside in Tanjung Redeb Subdistrict Berau District)
Authors: ISTIFARI PUTRI AYU , SUWARNO SUWARNO 
Published: July 2020

The fulfillment of rice in Berau District comes some in part from paddy yield in that district and partly comes from district outside. This study aimed to know the channels of rice marketing, the marketing margin, and the ratio of profit to costs of rice marketingfrom Berau outside in Tanjung Redeb Subdistrict, Berau District. This research was carried out during 3 months from November 2019 to January 2020 in Tanjung Redeb Subdistrict, Berau District. The sampling method used census and the snowball sampling method with a total of 41 respondents devided into 5 distributors, 6 agents, and 30 retailers. The results of this research showed that rice marketing from Berau outside in Tanjung Redeb Subdistrict uses the marketing channel level one dan two. The biggest margin value is in distributor as much as IDR85,446,033.33. The big profit and cost ratio is in distributor and agent as much as IDR6.25 kg-1 rice.
PERANAN GURU PROFESIONAL DALAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI SISWA DAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI ERA MILENIAL
Authors: Illahi Nur 
Published: July 2020

Guru professional adalah guru yang mampu mendidik anak muridnya menjadi generasi yang mampu bersaing dan memiliki moral yang baik.Untuk mencapai pendidik yang baik maka para pendidik hendaknya mampu memiliki karakter yang baik pula.Profesionalitas guru sangat penting bagi peserta didik karena guru mempunyai tugas yang sangat berat dalam mendidik mengarahkan dan memotivasi peserta didik untuk menjadi siswa yang pandai dan bermoral. Karakteristik adalah suatu sifat yang baik yang harus dimiliki atau di kuasai oleh seorang pendidik untuk menghasilkan suatu generasi yang bermartabat dan berakhlak.Metode pengajaran profesional adalah cara pendidik dalam menyampaikan atau mengajar peserta didik dimana metode pengajaran yang tepat dapat mendorong semangat peserta didik untuk menjadi lebih giat dalam belajar dan juga dengan mudah dipahami apa yang diajarkan.Moral perilaku yang baik adalah suatu perbuatan yang baik yang ada dalam diri seseorang.Seorang pendidik hendaknya mempunyai prilaku atau moral yang terpuji agar mampu menjadi contoh teladan bagi peserta didik sehingga dengan adanya moral ini seorang pendidik mampu mengontrol kelakuan maupun sikap saat mengajar sehingga tidak ada perbuatan atau sikap yang tidak diinginkan saat mengajar.
Giant-planet Influence on the Collective Gravity of a Primordial Scattered Disk
Authors: Zderic Alexander , Madigan Ann-Marie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Axisymmetric disks of high-eccentricity, low-mass bodies on near-Keplerian orbits are unstable to an out-of-plane buckling. This “inclination instability” exponentially grows the orbital inclinations, raises perihelion distances, and clusters in the argument of perihelion. Here we examine the instability in a massive primordial scattered disk including the orbit-averaged gravitational influence of the giant planets. We show that differential apsidal precession induced by the giant planets will suppress the inclination instability unless the primordial mass is ≳20 Earth masses. We also show that the instability should produce a “perihelion gap” at semimajor axes of hundreds of astronomical units, as the orbits of the remnant population are more likely to have extremely large perihelion distances (

) than intermediate values.
The Hubble Space Telescope PanCET Program: An Optical to Infrared Transmission Spectrum of HAT-P-32Ab
Authors: Alam Munazza K. , López-Morales Mercedes , Nikolov Nikolay , Sing David K. , Henry Gregory W. , Baxter Claire , Désert Jean-Michel , Barstow Joanna K. , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Bourrier Vincent , Lavvas Panayotis , Wakeford Hannah R. , Williamson Michael H. , Sanz-Forcada Jorge , Buchhave Lars A. , Cohen Ofer , Muñoz Antonio García 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present a 0.3−5 μm transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-32Ab observed with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and Wide Field Camera 3 instruments mounted on the Hubble Space Telescope, combined with Spitzer Infrared Array Camera photometry. The spectrum is composed of 51 spectrophotometric bins with widths ranging between 150 and 400 Å, measured to a median precision of 215 ppm. Comparisons of the observed transmission spectrum to a grid of 1D radiative-convective equilibrium models indicate the presence of clouds/hazes, consistent with previous transit observations and secondary eclipse measurements. To provide more robust constraints on the planet’s atmospheric properties, we perform the first full optical to infrared retrieval analysis for this planet. The retrieved spectrum is consistent with a limb temperature of

K, a thick cloud deck, enhanced Rayleigh scattering, and ∼10× solar H2O abundance. We find log(Z/Z
⊙) =

, and compare this measurement with the mass–metallicity relation derived for the solar system.
Orphan GRB Afterglow Searches with the Pan-STARRS1 COSMOS Survey
Authors: Huang Yun-Jing , Urata Yuji , Huang Kuiyun , Lee Kuei-sheng , Tsai Meng-feng , Shirasaki Yuji , Sawicki Marcin , Arnouts Stephane , Moutard Thibaud , Gwyn Stephen , Wang Wei-Hao , Foucaud Sebastien , Asada Keiichi , Huber Mark E. , Wainscoat Richard , C. Chambers Kenneth 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present the result of a search for orphan gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows in the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) COSMOS survey. There is extensive theoretical and observational evidence suggesting that GRBs are collimated jets; the direct observation of orphan GRB afterglows would further support this model. An optimal survey strategy is designed by coupling the PS1 survey with the Subaru/Hyper-Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. The PS1 COSMOS survey, one of the survey fields in the PS1 Medium Deep Survey (PS1/MDS), searches a field of 7 deg2 from 2011 December to 2014 January, reaching a limiting magnitude R ∼ 23. The dense cadence of PS1/MDS is crucial for identifying transients, and the deep magnitude reached by the HSC survey (R ∼ 26) is important for evaluating potential GRB hosts. A transient classification method is employed to select potential orphan GRB afterglow candidates. After a thorough analysis of the transient and host galaxy properties, we conclude that there are no candidates in this survey field. The null result implies that the consideration of jet structures is essential for further orphan GRB afterglow surveys.
Solar Filaments and Interplanetary Magnetic Field Bz
Authors: Aparna V. , Martens Petrus C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The direction of the axis of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) plays an important role in determining if it will cause a geomagnetic disturbance in the Earth’s magnetosphere upon impact. Long period southward-pointing ICME fields are known to cause significant space weather impacts and thus geomagnetic storms. We present an extensive analysis of CME–ICME directionality using 86 halo-CMEs observed between 2007 and 2017 to compare the direction of the source filament axial magnetic field on the Sun and the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field near the Earth at the L1 Lagrangian point. Excluding 12 cases that were too ambiguous to determine, for the remaining 74 ICMEs, we find an agreement in terms of the northward/southward orientation of B

z
between ICMEs and their CME source regions in 85% of cases. Some of the previous studies discussed here have obtained an agreement of 77% and 55%. We therefore suggest that our method can be meaningful as a first step in efficiently predicting geoeffective ICMEs by observing and analyzing the source regions of CMEs on the Sun.
Element Stratification in the Middle-aged SN Ia Remnant G344.7–0.1
Authors: Fukushima Kotaro , Yamaguchi Hiroya , Slane Patrick O. , Park Sangwook , Katsuda Satoru , Sano Hidetoshi , Lopez Laura A. , Plucinsky Paul P. , Kobayashi Shogo B. , Matsushita Kyoko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Despite their importance, a detailed understanding of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) remains elusive. X-ray measurements of the element distributions in supernova remnants (SNRs) offer important clues for understanding the explosion and nucleosynthesis mechanisms for SNe Ia. However, it is challenging to observe the entire ejecta mass in X-rays for young SNRs, because the central ejecta may not have been heated by the reverse shock yet. Here we present over 200 kilosecond Chandra observations of the Type Ia SNR G344.7–0.1, whose age is old enough for the reverse shock to have reached the SNR center, providing an opportunity to investigate the distribution of the entire ejecta mass. We reveal a clear stratification of heavy elements with a centrally peaked distribution of the Fe ejecta surrounded by intermediate-mass elements (IMEs: Si, S, Ar Ca) with an arc-like structure. The centroid energy of the Fe K emission is marginally lower in the central Fe-rich region than in the outer IME-rich regions, suggesting that the Fe ejecta were shock-heated more recently. These results are consistent with the prediction for standard SN Ia models, where the heavier elements are synthesized in the interior of an exploding white dwarf. We find, however, that the peak location of the Fe K emission is slightly offset to the west with respect to the geometric center of the SNR. This apparent asymmetry is likely due to the inhomogeneous density distribution of the ambient medium, consistent with our radio observations of the ambient molecular and neutral gas.
Cradle(s) of the Sun
Authors: Pfalzner Susanne , Vincke Kirsten 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Sun likely formed as part of a group of stars. A close stellar flyby by one of the solar siblings is probably responsible for the sharp outer edge in the solar system's mass distribution. The frequency of such close flybys can be used to determine the likely type of birth environment of the solar system. Young stellar groups develop very quickly, expanding significantly within just a few million years. Here we model this strong dynamical development of young stellar groups and determine the resulting close flyby history. We find that solar system equivalents are predominantly produced in areas with stellar densities in the range 5 × 104 pc−3 < n
local < 2 × 105 pc−3. Remarkably, we find that only two very distinct types of stellar groups can be considered as serious contestants as the cradle of the Sun—high-mass, extended associations (M

c
> 20,000 M
⊙) and intermediate-mass, compact clusters (M

c
< 3000 M
⊙). Present-day counterparts would be the association NGC 2244 and the M44 cluster, respectively. In these two types of stellar groups, close flybys take place at a sufficiently high rate, while not being too destructive either. A final decision between these two remaining options will require the incorporation of constraints from cosmochemical studies.
Amours d’aujourd’hui… a-mur de toujours
Authors: Guitart-Pont Rosa 
Published: July 2020

Un petit coup d’œil sur la littérature nous montre que, non seulement les histoires d’amour sont parsemées d’obstacles, mais que plus l’obstacle est grand, plus l’amour s’enflamme. Quel est donc la fonction de l’obstacle dans la passion amoureuse ?