bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on the Background of E-Hailing Drivers in Malaysia and Their Awareness with Regulations
Authors: Salim Salman , Amirul Haziq Muhamad , Hairi Osman Mohammad , Hakimi Mat Nor Ahmad , Sukor Sarif Abd , Zaminan Zafrullah , Zull Ariff Taqiuddin Mohamad Muhammad , Shakir Muhammad , Shaiful Azman Khalafee 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Smartphone applications have rapidly expanded from only basic applications to multiplatform and advanced applications that are very common nowadays. As the most widely used gadgets worldwide, there are many advantages that can be exploited. One of the advantages is the establishment of e-hailing applications. The existing applications are said to be proprietary, stand-alone solutions, and disintegrated while it has to support the end-to end integration to connect drivers, passengers and the vehicles. The security of these applications also has to be upgraded as there are a lot of risks to the users. This study examines the awareness of e-hailing drivers on regulations imposed to the e- industry by Malaysian government. This study focuses on the e-hailing drivers in Malaysia, mainly Grab drivers. Questionnaires were distributed among the Grab drivers. It was found that among 175 respondents, the majority of drivers were male aged in the range of 30 – 49, owned full time jobs, SPM/STPM holders with monthly income between RM2000 - RM5000. Most of them ventured as an e-hailing driver to earn extra side income. Out of the 175 respondents, this study has found that 12 persons (6.9%) were not aware about the government policy on e-hailing industry.
Correlation Analysis of Bacterial Growth and Heavy Metal Concentration in Composting of Leachate Sludge and Municipal Sludge
Authors: Hamzah Nurhidayah , Nurshiraz Farisha Wan Ismail Wan , Syahiza Zainuddin Nur , Kassim Jalina , Abdul Halip Azianabiha , Baharudin Fauzi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The composting is an alternative solution that can be used to this environmental problem to control the increase in waste generation. The unused leachate waste and municipal sewage sludge could be treated and reused it into compost that can be used for any beneficial purpose such as bio-fertilizer for plant growth. The objectives of this study were to analyze the trend of microbial growth and heavy metal concentration in compost from municipal sewage sludge and leachate sludge. The correlation between both parameters also was identified to determine the relationship between both parameters. Four design ratios were prepared to determine which ratio of compost has the most efficient compost in term of microbial growth and heavy metals concentration. The result showed that mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria population were increases in ratio 1, 2 and 3. The compost of ratio 2 and ratio 3 were found to meet the Malaysian standard of organic fertilizer in terms of the heavy metal concentration. There is correlation between bacteria population and heavy metal concentration in both composts. This composting method could be developed and practised by any institutions or treatment plant so that the amount of sludge waste generated could be reduced and help decreased the environmental pollution crisis in this country.
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Perennial Wetland Vegetation Components from a Sector of the Arges River
Authors: Marcu Ecaterina , Ciobotaru Irina-Elena , Maria Cristina , Anton Ivanov Alexandru , Burlacu Iasmina-Florina , Ibrahim Naimah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The potential bioaccumulation of hazardous transitional heavy metals in components of the aquatic environment (such as water column, sedimentary matter, plants) constitutes one of the concerns in environmental protection engineering. This experimental investigative study used systematic measurements of the presence of selected heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc) in components of the aquatic environment to give an indication of their availability and their potential bioaccumulation in the perennial wetland plants. Through environmental quality data processing, this study allowed both the assessment of interphase partitioning constants of these metals throughout the analyzed aquatic environment and the estimation of their cumulative toxicity coëfficiënt. The data analysis highlighted the different potential degrees of dangers caused by metals as pollutants and the synergistic way in which they act on the aquatic environment.
Optimization and Interaction Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Growth in the Presence of Benzo(A) Pyrene in Wastewater
Authors: Asyikin Ismail Nor , Hamzah Nurhidayah , Kasmuri Norhafezah , Jaafar Jurina , Fozi Ali Mohd , Abdul Khalil Khalilah , Singhal Naresh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In wastewater treatment plant, an aerobic approach is adopted in the system which utilize the ability of bacteria in the wastewater to reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and other organic pollutants. High molecular weight of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) are type of organic persistence and insoluble pollutants which hard to be removed from wastewater by bacteria. Owing to the HMW-PAHs tolerant characteristic and abundancy of fungi in wastewater, the bacteria and fungi interaction is anticipated to degrade the HMW-PAHs in wastewater. Thus, this study is carried out as a preliminary study to understand the interaction by optimized the bacterial and fungal growth in the presence of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Bacteria and fungi used in this study were Sphingobacterium spiritovorum and Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404. The response surface methodology (RSM) in Design-Expert® Version 7.0.0 software was used to analysed two factors which are pH and temperature on the bacterial and fungal growth. The growth of bacteria and fungi in co-culture and existence of BaP also been studied. The optimization study showed the growth of S. spiritovorum and A. brasiliensis was optimized at pH 6.2, temperature of 32 °C, and pH 6.5 and temperature of 33 °C, respectively. Synergy interaction was observed in the co-culture condition and with the existence of BaP. The present study provides beneficial information about the bacteria and fungi interaction which has the potential to be applied in the wastewater treatment plant.
Treatment of Landfill Leachate using Cockle Shell as an Alternative Adsorbent for the Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen and COD
Authors: Yahaya Izat , Daud Zawawi , Fauzi Basirah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Adsorption system proved to be an effective method widely used in the treatment of wastewater in many studies. Despite that, most studies on the adsorption in wastewater treatment, focused more on the removal of organic and inorganic substances. The potential of cockle shell (CS) and zeolite (ZEO) as an absorbent has been investigated to obtain the optimum mixing ratio in removing two working parameters such as ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and COD. Both CS and ZEO we mixed together in different ratio. The absorption batch study includes the preparation of 5g composite adsorbent, 200 mL of raw leachate sample at pH 8.64, with a shaking speed of 200 rpm for 300 minutes at room temperature. The result shows, the optimum ratio obtained for composite mixture absorbent is (3.5:0.5) and the concentration achieved for the ratio was 415 mg/L NH3-N and 440 mg/L COD. The optimum contact time and absorbent size expressed the result at 300 minute and 1.18 mm with the percentage optimum removal value is 42.46% NH3-N and 90.21% COD; and 50% NH3-N and 85.14% COD, respectively during the experiment.
Utilization of Zeolite-Feldspar as an Potential Adsorbent for the Adsorption of COD and Ammonical Nitrogen in Stabilized Landfill Leachate
Authors: Daud Zawawi , Detho Amir , Gomesh Nair , Azan Tajarudin Husnul , Santiagoo Ragunathan , Awang Halizah , Arif Rosli Mohd , Baharudin Ridzuan Mohd 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The robust combination of landfill waste recognized as a potential source of hazards. Landfills is one relatively distinctive issue associated with leachate. Generally, zeolite is considered a known adsorbent however relatively very high in cost. Meanwhile, Feldspar is the world’s most common mineral groups which making up as much as about 60 percent of the crust of the earth. Its quality and availability makes the feldspar become relatively low price material. The mixture of feldspar-zeolite are believe to produces effective and inexpensive composite for the treatment of leachate wastewater. The batch experiment was conducted in an Erlenmeyer flask, 250 mL volume with varying the volume of composite mixture ratio and then shaking for 5 hrs with 200 rpm at pH7. The optimum mixing ratio of feldspar-zeolite is chosen 1:1. The optimum removal of COD and ammonical nitrogen is 55% and 50% respectively. The availability of low-cost materials such as feldspar in the composite has helped to minimize the cost of treatment and has helped to increase the potential capacity for adsorption.
Using Remote Sensing Techniques to Determine New Route for the Nile Valley
Authors: Moussa Osama M. , Khalil Ahmed S. , Elhefnawy Hasan E. , Kamal Mohamed M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The collapse of dam structure leads to serious disasters for surrounding areas along the waterway. The objective of this research is to determine a new route for the waterway by using remote sensing techniques.
Drainage patterns were determined from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Shuttle Topographic Radar Mission (STRM) by using the ARC-GIS software. The most appropriate route for the new valley is determined by using DEM and assisted by topographic maps of scale 1:500000 starting from Toshka lake until Qattara downrange and passing through the depressions of El Kharga oasis, El-Dakhla, El-Farafra and El-Baharia Oases.
The route selection is matched with the expected new valley that proposed by Prof. Dr. Farouk El-Baz in his project ″ The Development Project / Corridor of Development Project [ 1 ].
Study the Social Needs for Proper Housing
Authors: Gad Maged Moneer , Aly Ahmed Galal El Din 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The housing industry is an essential part of the urban development that requires full cooperation of the country’s different institutes including public and private sectors’ institutions, individuals, and groups. This is to achieve the sustainable development in all different aspects; economic, social, and urban developments. As the basic citizen needs of “everyone’s has the right to have a suitable home” made it essential requirement to offers many housing solutions to fulfill different people needs.
The human concepts changed through the years and evolved the housing patterns, methods, forms and uses. As the human needs, concepts and cultures changed - from the need of only a shelter above the head - to protect from weather, into home that provides not only protection but also physiological and psychological comfort and recreational facilities to practice various activities. The industrial revolution, and the development of mechanization with the technology development, in addition to economic and social changes, leading to lack of areas, which helped the change of housing features and its meanings. As it used to be consisted of two or three floors to hold one family only, it transformed into the existing towers and muti-story buildings to conclude large numbers of residents.
The research relied mainly on surveys to measure the population’s preference for housing. He also used field visits (for construction companies that play the role of owner and sometimes contractor and development) and documentary analysis to study the nature of the residential product mainly as well as to measure the level of preference for types and requirements of housing, as well as the use of interviews and panel discussions. The criteria, recommendations and proposals contained in this research represent a picture of the needs of a sample of the community, but the results of this research cannot be indicated merely or considered decisive, but must be analyzed to suit each case, and use it in the best possible way to contribute to the design decision.
The study reached several results; the most important is to provide privacy and tranquility, due to the low population density with the provision of services, based on the following:
1- The preference for a residential building without other services was the largest.
2- The residential buildings’ height should not exceed 5 floors.
3- The residential building should not contain more than 10 apartment units.
4- There should be some special services for residential buildings, as a suitable number of parking spaces, as well as the elevator in the buildings and a terrace.
Flexible Design: An Innovative Approach for Achieving Sustainability in Primary Public Schools in Egypt
Authors: Fahmy Yara A , Othman Ayman A E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Public schools in Egypt are considered a valuable asset that should be preserved and sustained, as they play a paramount role for the development of a sustainable community. Whereas, currently, the schools in Egypt are not sustainable from social, economic and environmental perspective as they are generally heavy, fixed and normally irreversible once construction has been completed. This is due to the traditional construction method used in the construction of schools which consumes time and generates a vast amount of waste. In addition, the changing demands of the occupants may confront the need for future expansion or complete changeover. With the increase in labour costs, lack of skilled labours for different trades, demand for faster construction, increased considerations for safety and environment and above all meeting these demands at an economic and reasonable price requires us to change the approach used in construction. Hence, these faults could be sufficed with the introduction of green prefabrication methods as a flexible design approach for achieving sustainability for primary public schools in Egypt. Therefore, this paper aims to formulate a matrix that correlates the flexible design criteria with suistainability in order to achieve suistainability in Primary Public schools in Egypt. A research methodology consists of literature review to investigate the topics of primary public schools, flexible design, Green prefabrication and sustainability.
PV Grid-Connected Systems: Performance and Architectural Integration Aspects
Authors: Alaa Hala , Gharib Nader 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Considering the high global rates of carbon dioxide emissions, there is a great concern about renewable energy especially solar energy in buildings. Despite its growth, there has been limited acceptance of architects and stakeholders concerning the use of solar energy technologies in buildings, and subsequently, insufficient architectural integration. Here, the research aims to develop better understanding of architects for the design stages, considerations, and possibilities regarding solar PV grid-connected systems in buildings using inductive methodology, thus analyzing the technology specifications and good integration practices. The research determines the factors that influence the early design and conception phase of the building. It develops a framework for architects concerning the technical and physical aspects affecting the design process, through building needs, cell types, system performance, site conditions, space and environmental requirements, and BIPV integration possibilities. In conclusion, this study will help in the implementation of PV grid-connected powered buildings in new projects by addressing previous design challenges and providing data for architects and researchers on the system design and performance.
Comparison of egyptian innovation in affordable housing with global models
Authors: Hebatalrahman  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In these work Survey about different types of affordable housing was dond with the advantages and disadvantages of each type. The combtability of each type with sustainable in construction according to national and international standards was considered. The risk assessment related to this type of construction was evaluated. The Egyptian innovation in the affordable housing which is registered as patent in the egyptian patent office is studied. The new building has one floor with spherical external shape for energy conservation, it is consists of multilayers movable walls moving on the streams. The metalic structure is installed in the soil surface by fixation elements, it is equipped with sensors which is controlled automatically to detect climate changes. the movement of successive layers can be controlled manual or automatic according to climate changes, The movement of insulated layers is done by sliding on dedicated channels, It is equipped with upper and lower ducts located on several axes positioned at the top and bottom of the ball so that the upper and lower positions are located on one axis. The unit has conical top contain the layers folded to the top and prevent the accumulation of dust and water. The layers can be stored inside the conical top. The Egyptian patent model is compared with the common global models of affordable housing to explain its advantages and disadvantages.
Effect of crumbed rubber Treatment method on the Flexural Behavior of High Strength Rubberized Concrete Slabs
Authors: Bashandy A A , Eid F M , Mazyad M A , Arab M A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The most important research trends that the world is currently interested in are those that have a positive impact on the environment. The burning of the waste tyres is one of the most used means to get rid of these tyres, which causes a lot of gases to the air. The use of crumbed tyre rubber in concrete is considered one of the methods with a positive environmental impact. Using crumbed rubber as a partial replacement material of concrete aggregate is found to possess many engineering applications and holds promise within the future. Replacing 5% of the sand volume by crumbed tyre rubber was used. Flexural behaviour of treated and untreated rubberized concrete slabs was investigated. Experimental program shows that the behaviour of the high strength rubberized concrete slabs can be improved by the used treatment methods. Beside that the coarser of the rubber particles, the more negative effect on the behaviour of the high strength rubberized concrete slabs.
A healable polyethylene adhesive using poly(ethylene methacrylic acid) (EMAA) for three-layer pipe coatings
Authors: Dell’Olio Carmelo , Zhang Jane , Leong K H , Samsudin M Shamsul F , Varley Russell J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Poly(ethylene methacrylic acid) (EMAA) has been used here as a thermally activated healing agent (HA) in three layered polyolefinic (3LPO) pipe coatings for the first time. The EMAA (HA) is blended with a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) modified with maleic anhydride (MAH) to create a healable multi-functional adhesive (HAMA), which is used to bind the fusion bonded epoxy primer and high density polyethylene topcoat layers together. Different compositions of the HA and modified adhesive were trialled for their healing efficiency using three different healing conditions to explore the effect of increasing temperature and applied load or force. The standard healing protocol used a healing temperature of 110 °C and an applied load of 120 N for 60 min. A high temperature variant increased the temperature to 120 °C while a high load variant increased the applied force to 240 N. Using a 1:1 HAMA adhesive, healing efficiencies of about 70% were achieved for the standard healing condition. Increasing the applied load to 240 N decreased healing to between 64% and 68% depending on the healing measurement, but at 120 °C healing increased to between 82% and 84%. Regardless of the healing condition, overall healing efficiency increased with increasing EMAA (HA) concentration. This study also provided insight into the healing mechanism of the HAMA adhesives by highlighting some necessary features for healing. A bi-phasic microstructure consisting of large EMAA nodules with sufficient adhesion to the MAH-modified LLDPE was identified as being critical. Furthermore, increasing healing temperature increased healing efficiency due to the enhanced flow of EMAA and increased mobility of the polyethylene. Although these results are preliminary in nature, they do provide significant promise that multifunctional HAMA adhesives can be applied as simple, effective and repeatable 3LPO self-healing pipe coatings.
Participation in Drinking Games and Predrinking Among University Students in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand
Authors: Zamboanga Byron L , George Amanda M , Van Hedger Kathryne , Olthuis Janine V , Pilatti Angelina , Dresler Emma 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
The limited existing research on drinking games and predrinking among university students in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand suggests that participation in these risky drinking practices is relatively widespread among this population. Drinking norms and alcohol use can vary across countries and in different regions of the globe. The measurement of drinking games and predrinking participation between studies also differs, making cross-country comparisons difficult. The present study explored differences in past month participation in drinking games and predrinking among university students from a large public university in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand.

Methods
The data analytic sample consisted of 1134 university students (ages 18–25, Mage = 20.2 years; 72.6% women) from Argentina (n = 349), Australia (n = 280), Canada (n = 262), and New Zealand (n = 243) who reported weekly alcohol consumption. Students completed a confidential survey on drinking attitudes and behaviors.

Results
Controlling for age, gender, and weekly drink consumption, there were no cross-country differences in past month participation in predrinking. In contrast, university students from Canada and New Zealand were more likely to have played a drinking game in the past month than students from Australia and Argentina.

Conclusions
The present finding suggest that university students from Argentina, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand are equally likely to participate in predrinking regardless of country; however, the likelihood of playing drinking games differs as a function of country site.