bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fosmetpantotenate Randomized Controlled Trial in Pantothenate Kinase–Associated Neurodegeneration
Authors: Klopstock Thomas , Videnovic Aleksandar , Bischoff Almut Turid , Bonnet Cecilia , Cif Laura , Comella Cynthia , Correa‐Vela Marta , Escolar Maria L. , Fraser Jamie L. , Gonzalez Victoria , Hermanowicz Neal , Jech Robert , Jinnah Hyder A. , Kmiec Tomasz , Lang Anthony , Martí Maria J. , Mercimek‐Andrews Saadet , Monduy Migvis , Nimmo Graeme A.M. , Perez‐Dueñas Belen , Pfeiffer Helle Cecilie Viekilde , Planellas Lluis , Roze Emmanuel , Thakur Nivedita , Tochen Laura , Vanegas‐Arroyave Nora , Zorzi Giovanna , Burns Colleen , Greblikas Feriandas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPantothenate kinase–associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) currently has no approved treatments.ObjectivesThe Fosmetpantotenate Replacement Therapy pivotal trial examined whether treatment with fosmetpantotenate improves PKAN symptoms and stabilizes disease progression.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study evaluated fosmetpantotenate, 300 mg oral dose three times daily, versus placebo over a 24‐week double‐blind period. Patients with pathogenic variants of PANK2, aged 6 to 65 years, with a score ≥6 on the PKAN‐Activities of Daily Living (PKAN‐ADL) scale were enrolled. Patients were randomized to active (fosmetpantotenate) or placebo treatment, stratified by weight and age. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline at week 24 in PKAN‐ADL.ResultsBetween July 23, 2017, and December 18, 2018, 84 patients were randomized (fosmetpantotenate: n = 41; placebo: n = 43); all 84 patients were included in the analyses. Six patients in the placebo group discontinued treatment; two had worsening dystonia, two had poor compliance, and two died of PKAN‐related complications (aspiration during feeding and disease progression with respiratory failure, respectively). Fosmetpantotenate and placebo group PKAN‐ADL mean (standard deviation) scores were 28.2 (11.4) and 27.4 (11.5) at baseline, respectively, and were 26.9 (12.5) and 24.5 (11.8) at week 24, respectively. The difference in least square mean (95% confidence interval) at week 24 between fosmetpantotenate and placebo was −0.09 (−1.69 to 1.51; P = 0.9115). The overall incidence of treatment‐emergent serious adverse events was similar in the fosmetpantotenate (8/41; 19.5%) and placebo (6/43; 14.0%) groups.ConclusionsTreatment with fosmetpantotenate was safe but did not improve function assessed by the PKAN‐ADL in patients with PKAN. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Influence of closed incision negative‐pressure therapy on abdominal donor‐site morbidity in microsurgical breast reconstruction
Authors: Siegwart Laura C. , Sieber Laura , Fischer Sebastian , Maraka Spyridoula , Kneser Ulrich , Kotsougiani‐Fischer Dimitra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionClosed incision negative‐pressure therapy (CINPT) has been shown to shorten the time to heal in post‐bariatric abdominoplasty and to lower seroma rates in cosmetic abdominoplasty. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of CINPT on donor‐site morbidity following abdominal‐based free‐flap breast reconstruction.Patients and MethodsWe reviewed medical records from 225 women who had undergone 300 microsurgical free‐flap breast reconstructions from the abdomen from November 1, 2007 to March 31, 2019. Patients were grouped according to wound therapy, including 127 patients in the standard of care group and 98 patients in the CINPT group. Primary outcomes were minor (non‐operative) and major (operative) surgical site complications. Secondary outcomes were time to drain removal, in‐hospital length, and scar quality.ResultsAnalysis of patient demographics showed an equal distribution with regard to the age, smoking status, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, preoperative chemotherapy, and previous abdominal surgery in both groups. Significantly more patients with obesity (29.6 vs. 15.8%; p = .01) and bilateral breast reconstruction (40.8 vs. 27.6%; p = .04) were included in the CINPT group. Compared to standard of care, the CINPT group had a lower incidence of major surgical site complications (26.0 vs. 11.2%; p = .001). There was no difference in minor surgical site complications and secondary outcomes between groups.ConclusionThe CINPT represents a reliable tool to reduce surgical site complications on the abdominal donor‐site in abdominal‐based free‐flap breast reconstruction.
An optimized b‐value distribution for triexponential intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in the liver
Authors: Riexinger Andreas , Martin Jan , Wetscherek Andreas , Kuder Tristan Anselm , Uder Michael , Hensel Bernhard , Laun Frederik Bernd 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTo find an optimized b‐value distribution for reproducible triexponential intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) exams in the liver.MethodsA numeric optimization of b‐value distributions was performed using the triexponential IVIM equation and 27 different IVIM parameter sets. Starting with an initially optimized distribution of 6 b‐values, the number of b‐values was increased stepwise. Each new b‐value was chosen from a set of 64 predefined b‐values based on the computed summed relative mean error of the fitted triexponential IVIM parameters. This process was repeated for up to 100 b‐values. In simulations and in vivo measurements, optimized b‐value distributions were compared to 4 representative distributions found in literature.ResultsThe first 16 optimized b‐values were 0, 0.3, 0.3, 70, 200, 800, 70, 1, 3.5, 5, 70, 1.2, 6, 45, 1.5, and 60 in units of s/mm2. Low b‐values were much more frequent than high b‐values. The optimized b‐value distribution resulted in a higher fit stability compared to distributions used in literature in both, simulation and in vivo measurements. Using more than 6 b‐values, ideally 16 or more, increased the fit stability considerably.ConclusionUsing optimized b‐values, the fit uncertainty in triexponential IVIM can be largely reduced. Ideally, 16 or more b‐values should be acquired.
Musculoskeletal pain and loneliness, social support and social engagement among older adults: Analysis of the Oxford Pain, Activity and Lifestyle cohort
Authors: Nicolson Philippa J. A. , Williamson Esther , Morris Alana , Sanchez‐Santos Maria T. , Bruce Julie , Silman Alan , Lamb Sarah E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal (MSK) pain is common in older adults. Physical and psychological consequences of MSK pain have been established, but it is also important to consider the social impact. We aimed to estimate the association between MSK pain and loneliness, social support and social engagement.MethodsWe used baseline data from the Oxford Pain, Activity and Lifestyle study. Participants were community‐dwelling adults aged 65 years or older from across England. Participants reported demographic information, MSK pain by body site, loneliness, social support and social engagement. We categorised pain by body regions affected (upper limb, lower limb and spinal). Widespread pain was defined as pain in all three regions. We used logistic regression models to estimate associations between distribution of pain and social factors, controlling for covariates.ResultsOf the 4977 participants analysed, 4193 (84.2%) reported any MSK pain, and one‐quarter (n = 1298) reported widespread pain. Individuals reporting any pain were more likely to report loneliness (OR [odds ratio]: 1.62; 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.32–1.97) or insufficient social support (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.08–2.19) compared to those reporting no pain. Widespread pain had the strongest association with loneliness (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.53–2.46) and insufficient social support (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.14–2.54). Pain was not associated with social engagement.ConclusionsOlder adults commonly report MSK pain, which is associated with loneliness and perceived insufficiency of social support. This finding highlights to clinicians and researchers the need to consider social implications of MSK pain in addition to physical and psychological consequences.
Pareto‐optimization of three‐agent scheduling to minimize the total weighted completion time, weighted number of tardy jobs, and total weighted late work
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Yuan Jinjiang , Ng Chi To , Cheng Tai Chiu E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider three‐agent scheduling on a single machine in which the criteria of the three agents are to minimize the total weighted completion time, the weighted number of tardy jobs, and the total weighted late work, respectively. The problem is to find the set of all the Pareto‐optimal points, that is, the Pareto frontier, and their corresponding Pareto‐optimal schedules. Since the above problem is unary NP‐hard, we study the problem under the restriction that the jobs of the first agent have inversely agreeable processing times and weights, that is, the smaller the processing time of a job is, the greater its weight is. For this restricted problem, which is NP‐hard, we present a pseudo‐polynomial‐time algorithm to find the Pareto frontier. We also show that, for various special versions, the time complexity of solving the problem can be further reduced.
Body Fatness Influences Associations of Body Composition and Energy Expenditure with Energy Intake in Healthy Women
Authors: Casanova Nuno , Beaulieu Kristine , Oustric Pauline , O’Connor Dominic , Gibbons Catherine , Duarte Cristiana , Blundell John , Stubbs R. James , Finlayson Graham , Hopkins Mark 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the influence of body fatness on the associations of body composition and energy expenditure (EE) with energy intake (EI).MethodsData from 93 women (BMI = 25.5 [SD 4.2] kg/m2) recruited for two studies (Study 1,n = 48, BMI = 25.0‐34.9 kg/m2; Study 2,n = 45, BMI = 18.5‐24.9 kg/m2) were examined. Body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and test meal EI were assessed during a laboratory probe day. Physical activity, total daily EE (TDEE), and self‐reported free‐living 24‐hour EI were collected during 7 days.ResultsIn the whole sample, fat‐free mass (r = 0.45;P < 0.001), RMR (r = 0.41;P < 0.001), and TDEE (r = 0.39;P < 0.001), but not fat mass (r = 0.17;P = 0.11), were positively associated with free‐living 24‐hour EI. Body fat percentage moderated the associations of RMR (β = −1.88;P = 0.02) and TDEE (β = −1.91;P = 0.03) with mean free‐living 24‐hour EI. Fat mass was negatively associated with test meal EI only in the leaner group (r = −0.43;P = 0.004), and a weak nonlinear association was observed in the whole sample (r2 = 0.092;P = 0.04).ConclusionsBody fat percentage appears to moderate the associations between EE and daily EI. Furthermore, the negative association between fat mass and test meal EI observed in leaner individuals was absent in those with higher body fatness. Therefore, higher levels of body fatness may weaken the coupling between EE and EI.
Efficacy of a combined insecticide–rodenticide product on ectoparasite and commensal rodent mortality
Authors: Hinds Lyn A , Grice David , Watson Duncan M , Jacob Jens 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDEctoparasites may transfer zoonotic pathogens from rodents to humans or livestock when rodents are managed with rodenticides. This could be minimized using a product combining a rodenticide with a delayed action and a systemic insecticide/acaricide that rapidly kills ectoparasites. Such a combination was tested in commensal pest rodent species to assess efficacy and timing of responses in rodents, and fleas and ticks feeding on them. Ticks or fleas attached to rats (Rattus norvegicus) and house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) were exposed to a product containing brodifacoum (50 ppm) and fipronil (40 ppm) for three days.RESULTS98–100% of fleas on treated rodents died within one to two days after first exposure, whereas >90% fleas survived on control rodents. The effect persisted for four or more days after bait uptake. Ticks started to succumb to the effect of the combination product within one day (mice) and within four days (rats) of first exposure, with all ticks dying by Day (D)8. Tick survival in control rodents was 90–100%. Rodent mortality began at D3 (rats) and D4 (mice) after first consumption of product and all were dead by D9 (rats) and D7 (mice).CONCLUSIONThis product effectively killed ectoparasites and rodents. Flea mortality was swift and complete, generally within one day of exposure, whereas it took ticks up to four days to die, but before the rats and house mice died. The combination product might help to prevent ectoparasites migrating from dying rodents to another host. Field trials are warranted. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Low reduction of invasive ant colony productivity with an insect growth regulator
Authors: Yeeles Peter , Strain Angela , Lenancker Pauline , Lach Lori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect growth regulators (IGRs) generally are considered to have safer eco‐toxicological profiles than the more commonly used neurotoxins and metabolic inhibitors, and are extremely effective against several insect groups, including some invasive ant species. However, use of an IGR product in a large‐scale eradication program for a widespread invasive ant (Anoploepis gracilipes; yellow crazy ant) was ineffective. We tested the IGR in question (active ingredient: (S)‐methoprene) onA. gracilipescolonies in a laboratory environment to evaluate efficacy.RESULTSWe found that treatment with (S)‐methoprene resulted in lower egg production with subsequently decreased numbers of larvae, pupae, and workers over the 135 days of the experiment. None of the treated colonies died, and the number of worker ants in treated colonies was 36% of that seen in control colonies 135 days post‐treatment. Treated queen egg production was 39% lower than queens in control colonies, but we saw no effect of treatment on the internal physiology of dissected queens. Treatment had no effect on worker activity levels.CONCLUSIONOur results show that although (S)‐methoprene treatment reduced production of larvae, pupae and workers in treated colonies, the magnitude of reduction was lower than might be expected considering the responses of other species against which this IGR has been tested. Our findings highlight a need for testing species‐specific responses to IGR‐based insecticides in a controlled environment, before broad‐scale field applications that could result in suboptimal management of the target species. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Robust functional expression of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors provides new insights into neonicotinoid actions and new opportunities for pest and vector control
Authors: Matsuda Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeonicotinoids are selective modulators of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These widely deployed insecticides interact with the orthosteric sites of nAChRs, not only to activate nAChRs on their own, but also to block the desensitizing component of nAChR responses. To date recombinant vertebrate or insect/vertebrate hybrid nAChRs have been deployed to understand the mechanism of selectivity and diversity of neonicotinoid actions as well as to show that both α/α and α/non‐α interfaces are involved in the interactions with neonicotinoids. However, many of the fine details of insecticide interactions with sites on nAChRs remain to be resolved. The breakthrough of functional expression of insect nAChRs allows such questions to be addressed, not only for neonicotinoids but for other insecticides targeting insect nAChRs. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera) in orchards: Monitoring seasonal activity, the effect of pesticides, and the perception of European fruit growers on its role as a predator or pest
Authors: Jana Niedobová , Michal Skalský , Jana Ouředníčková , Radek Michalko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe investigated several aspects that could affect the role of the European earwig (Forficula auricularia) as a generalist predator in orchards: (i) seasonal activity in apple orchards, (ii) effectiveness of two cardboard trap types (roll vs tape) to enhance earwig densities, (iii) the effect of pesticides (chlorpyrifos‐methyl, spinosad, indoxacarb, spirotetramat, pirimicarb, sulphur, fluopyram tebuconazole) on earwig survival and behaviour, and (iv) the perception of European fruit growers of the earwigs’ role as a predator or pest.RESULTSThe highest activity of earwigs in apple trees was observed in summer. Roll traps were a more effective capture method than tape traps. The roll traps also significantly increased earwig abundances in trees. Only the earwigs exposed to the insecticides indoxacarb, spinosad and chlorpyrifos‐methyl had significantly higher mortality and more erratic behaviour than earwigs from the control treatment. Earwigs from orchards with long‐term (>10 years) application of chlorpyrifos‐methyl had significantly lower mortality when exposed to this insecticide than earwigs from nonsprayed orchards. The fruit growers perceived earwigs as natural enemies of aphids and psyllids but also as pests. However, they regarded the damage caused by earwigs as economically unimportant without the necessity for management against them.CONCLUSIONFruit growers can increase earwig densities by installing rolled cardboard bands around trees. The highest seasonal activity of European earwigs coincides with applications of insecticides in orchards. This could disturb the earwigs' potential to suppress pest populations because several insecticides widely used in orchards have lethal and sublethal effects on earwigs even though they seem to develop some degree of pesticide resistance over time. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Distribution‐free composite Shewhart‐GWMA Mann‐Whitney charts for monitoring the process location
Authors: Mabude Kutele , Malela‐Majika Jean‐Claude , Aslam Muhammad , Chong Zhi Lin , Shongwe Sandile C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Mann‐Whitney (MW) statistic is one of the most recommended two‐sample statistical tests when the assumption of normality fails to hold due to its robustness and fascinating properties especially when small sample sizes are involved. In order to improve the sensitivity of the generally weighted moving average (GWMA) monitoring scheme toward the detection of large shifts, in this paper, a new distribution‐free phase II composite Shewhart‐GWMA (CSG) scheme is proposed using the MW U statistic. The performance of the proposed scheme is investigated using the average run‐length (ARL) and average extra quadratic loss (AEQL) values through extensive simulations. The performance of this newly proposed monitoring scheme is found to be superior when compared to numerous memory‐type MW schemes (some existing and others introduced in this paper) in many situations. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the implementation of the CSG MW U scheme using real‐life data.
Dynamic failure analysis of renewable energy systems in the remote offshore environments
Authors: Nitonye Samson , Adumene Sidum , Sigalo Barivure Marvin , Orji Charles Ugochukwu , Kpegele Le‐ol Anthony 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor effective integrity management of marine renewable energy systems in the dynamic and uncertain ocean environments, understanding the failure dynamics is crucial. The cost of investment in marine/offshore renewable energy infrastructures and the associated cost due to failure and loss of energy production necessitate a predictive monitoring methodology that is dynamic and adaptive. This paper presents an integrated multi‐state pure‐birth‐pure‐death Markovian‐net profit value model for the offshore turbine subsystem failure analysis and its cost‐based consequences. The integrated model captures the offshore turbine subsystem's dynamic failure states and its economic implications due to the cost of energy loss and downtime for the period under consideration. The model applies a phase‐type exponential distribution to describe the monotonic state of failure. The methodology is demonstrated with an offshore wind turbine gearbox, and it captures the dynamic state of the system and its failure mechanisms. The cumulative effect of the subelements deterioration decreases the gearbox performance by over 35% within the first 2 years of operation.
Isolation, detection, and quantification of hydrolyzable tannins of the biosynthetic pathway by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Saha Sanjib , Imran Iqbal Bin 
Published: November 2020

RationaleHydrolyzable tannins (HTs) are widely distributed complex secondary metabolites with potential bioactivities and health‐promoting benefits. A highly sensitive compound‐specific ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) method is required for their successful detection and quantification in order to advance the study of these compounds.MethodsIn this study, 36 HTs belonging to the HT biosynthetic pathway covering 13 major branches were extracted by cold extraction and fractionated by Sephadex LH‐20 size‐exclusion chromatography. Followed fractionation, the HTs were purified by semipreparative HPLC so that they could be used for the development of a UHPLC/QqQ‐MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method for their characterization. The cone voltage and collision energy for each HT were extensively optimized during the development of the MRM method.ResultsThe developed method was very useful for the detection and quantification of marker tannins with a low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), depending on the size and complexity of the structures of the HTs. Each isolated compound was successfully identified and characterized by UHPLC/ESI‐Orbitrap‐MS/MS analysis. In addition, a new methodology for cold extraction and fractionation by Sephadex LH‐20 chromatography has been developed for the targeted extraction of HTs.ConclusionsThis study has provided a compound‐specific MRM method for the detection and quantification of representative HTs from diverse phytochemical samples that can thus be used in large‐scale screening tests to pinpoint the major biosynthetic branches of HTs utilized by plants to accumulate specific types of HTs.
Scalable consensus filtering for uncertain systems over sensor networks with Round‐Robin protocol
Authors: Han Fei , Wang Zidong , Chen Guanrong , Dong Hongli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article is concerned with the scalable distributedH∞‐consensus filtering problem for a class of discrete time‐varying systems over sensor networks with the Round‐Robin protocol (RRP). The challenge comes from the fact that the time‐varying parameters of the network are subject to randomly occurring norm‐bounded uncertainties and the measurement outputs of the sensor nodes are saturated due to the sector nonlinearities. For preventing data collisions and saving energy, the RRP determines which neighboring node can access the shared network for information transmission at each time step. AnH∞performance index is proposed to characterize the disturbance attenuation level of the resulting filtering error dynamics. By stochastic analysis in combination with the recursive matrix inequality approach, a distributed filtering algorithm is developed for each individual sensor node to ensure the prespecified estimation performance. Finally, an illustrative simulation example is shown to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the theoretical results.