bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclusion oral health: Advancing a theoretical framework for policy, research and practice
Authors: Freeman Ruth , Doughty Janine , Macdonald Mary Ellen , Muirhead Vanessa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn response to headlines about the oral health of persons experiencing social exclusion resonating in high‐income countries, and research demonstrating the need for urgent action, a symposium entitled ‘International Perspectives on Socially Inclusive Dentistry: A Call to Action’ was organized for the IADR International Meeting of 2018. The aim of the symposium was to initiate an international dialogue on barriers to care, multidisciplinary action and examples of best practice for service delivery for people experiencing social exclusion; in other words, to develop the idea of inclusion oral health. Through our international exchange, what emerged was an awareness of a lack of professional consensus: What exactly is inclusion oral health? A theoretical framework to push forward the policy, research and practice agenda was clearly needed. This paper advances such a framework. Over the decades, dentistry has forged an approach to service delivery mainly through a business, demand‐led model. While oral health continues to improve globally, an important consequence of this approach is that it compounds the social exclusion that many people are already experiencing because of a constellation of economic, political, cultural and individual factors. Thus, many people are simply not getting the dental care they need. In contrast, drawing on the theoretical literature on social exclusion, intersectionality and othering, we suggest that dentistry could act as an agent for social inclusion as a more responsive, all‐encompassing form of oral health care and delivery. This paper advances a theoretical framework for inclusion oral health, and an action plan to show how inclusion oral health may become one solution in an armamentarium to tackle the global phenomena of oral health inequities.
Single gland excision for MEN1‐associated primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Manoharan Jerena , Albers Max B. , Bollmann Carmen , Maurer Elisabeth , Mintziras Ioannis , Wächter Sabine , Bartsch Detlef K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImportanceGuidelines advocate subtotal parathyroidectomy (SPTX) or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (TPTX) with bilateral cervical thymectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). However, both procedures are associated with a significant risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism.ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to compare long‐term results of either single gland excision (SGE, 1‐2 glands), SPTX and TPTX for the treatment of MEN1‐associated pHPT.Design and settingData of genetically confirmed MEN1 patients who underwent surgery for pHPT between 1987 and 2017 were retrieved from a prospective database and were retrospectively analysed.ResultsEighty‐nine MEN1 patients underwent either TPTX (n = 38, 42.7%), SPTX (n = 23, 25.8%) or SGE (n = 28, 31.5%). The rate of disease persistence after initial surgery was 2.6%, 0% and 14.2% in the TPTX, SPTX and SGE groups, respectively. After median follow‐up of 112 (range 7‐411) months, the rate of recurrent pHPT was significantly higher in the SGE group (n = 19, 21.3%) compared with the TPTX (n = 4, 4.4%, P = .001) and the SPTX (n = 9, 10.1%, P = .03) groups. Analysis of the recurrence‐free time among the surgical groups revealed a significant difference (P = .036). The median time to recurrence was significantly shorter after SGE (101, range 3‐301 months) than after SPTX (139, range 28‐278 months, P = .018) and TPTX (204, range 75‐396 months, P = .049). Twelve (32%) patients who underwent TPTX developed permanent hypoparathyroidism compared with only 4 (17%, P = .06) in the SPTX and 0 in the SGE group (P = .001).ConclusionGiven the high rate of postoperative permanent hypoparathyroidism after TPTX and SPTX, SGE is a valid option for the treatment of MEN1‐associated pHPT.
Situated Payments for Ecosystem Services: Local Agencies in the Implementation of the Sloping Land Conversion Programme in Southwest China
Authors: He Jun 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPayments for Ecosystem Services (PES) is an innovative initiative to use market instruments for conservation that has spread across the world since the late 1990s. In assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of PES initiatives, global scholarship has focused on an outcome‐oriented approach. This has led to debate on PES programmes’ contributions to, and the trade‐offs between, conservation and development. Taking the Sloping Land Conversion Programme (SLCP) in China as an example, this article uses a process‐oriented analytical approach to provide novel understandings of PES as a specific type of development practice. The article shows how notions of equity and justice, local knowledge and local institutions have played a role in shaping the processes and outcomes of the SLCP. The actions of local stakeholders in an interplay with the state created a space for negotiating, adapting and adjusting PES implementation, which eventually contributed to a local development pathway for meeting both national conservation interests and local economic development needs. This indicates that attention to situated agency can help illuminate how PES can be smoothly implemented and effectively negotiated in developing countries.
Translating Water Fund Payments for Ecosystem Services in the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Joslin Audrey 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTAs a form of environmental governance, Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) is imbued with ideological values that can conflict with those of participating rural communities. The discursive frame surrounding PES may be contentious, even if the conservation activities promoted by these initiatives are not. Moving PES into practice therefore requires a process of translation from urban‐based practitioners to rural communities. Drawing upon an empirical case study of FONAG, a water fund from Ecuador that is often promoted as the ideal type, this article employs data from participant observation, key informant interviews and textual materials to examine this process of translation. The article focuses particularly on the efforts to negotiate the discourse of PES that move the projects into on‐the‐ground practice. While Ecuador's political context has softened the emphasis on economically valuing ecosystem services, FONAG uses neoliberal conservation narratives that identify rural poverty as the main cause of environmental degradation and target the reform of local people through economic incentives. To enrol communities, however, intermediaries are needed to translate water fund PES to appeal to local perspectives, values and institutions. The author argues that contrasting narratives of PES can exist simultaneously between the entities that are implementing PES and the targets of that implementation.
Rubber and Carbon: Opportunity Costs, Incentives and Ecosystem Services in Acre, Brazil
Authors: Greenleaf Maron 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe concept of ‘opportunity costs’ has been important in theoretical discussions of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES). It focuses attention on economic trade‐offs of individual landholders and can make providing ecosystem services, such as tropical forest carbon sequestration, appear to be a cost‐effective way to reduce near‐term carbon emissions. Yet in practice, the concept may be less useful. This article examines how a programme in the Amazonian state of Acre, Brazil, has moved away from the concept of opportunity costs, challenging its theoretical importance. Instead of payments, the Acre programme offers ‘incentives’ intended to make rural people produce more whilst deforesting less. It resonates with the neoliberal commodification of carbon and the dominant valorization of intensive agriculture. Yet it also enlists lessons from Acre's history of rubber production and its rubber tapper‐led social movement, namely that the living forest can be monetarily valuable and that its use can facilitate its protection. This article shows how local history and culture can be used to reshape PES.
The Political Life of Natural Infrastructure: Water Funds and Alternative Histories of Payments for Ecosystem Services in Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Nelson Sara H. , Bremer Leah L. , Meza Prado Kelly , Brauman Kate A. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis article shows the two‐way relation between global norms and local conditions as they shape Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) theory and practice, through a case study of a water fund in Valle del Cauca, Colombia, the heartland of the country's sugarcane industry. Drawing on interviews, survey data and historical research, the article argues that the water fund should be understood in the context of the history of infrastructure for the sugarcane industry in the region, and that this infrastructural perspective provides a more nuanced insight into the fund's political life than the traditional PES framing. Furthermore, the article shows how the norms embedded in this locally grown programme circulated through international networks to influence PES theory and design. This case offers one example of the need to attend to the multiple and geographically specific histories of actually existing PES in order to understand its diversity in the present.
Beyond Market Logics: Payments for Ecosystem Services as Alternative Development Practices in the Global South
Authors: Shapiro‐Garza Elizabeth , McElwee Pamela , Van Hecken Gert , Corbera Esteve 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPayments for Ecosystem Services (PES) initiatives, which provide financial incentives for management practices thought to increase the production of environmental benefits, have expanded across the global South since the late 1990s. These initiatives have thus far been conceptualized rather narrowly; by their early proponents as a novel economic instrument for more ‘rational’, effective and efficient environmental policy or by their critics as an exogenously imposed conduit of hegemonic neoliberalism. This introductory article to the special issue that follows advocates for and demonstrates a more grounded and historically situated approach for understanding the conformation and outcomes of PES in actual practice. It proposes a framework for examining individual PES initiatives as shaped by dynamic interactions between imposed structure and the development pathways and situated agency of actors in the territories in which they are implemented. It finds that certain ubiquitous components of this approach — the valuation of nature, the creation of institutions and the negotiations that inevitably surround the distribution of benefits — provide potential openings for articulation and engagement that can allow these initiatives to be contested, adapted, hybridized or more fully co‐opted and captured. This framework opens a pathway for more inclusive, nuanced and grounded research on PES and on market‐based environment and development policies more broadly.
Blue‐throated macaws (Ara glaucogularis) succeed in a cooperative task without coordinating their actions
Authors: Tassin de Montaigu Cannelle , Durdevic Kresimir , Brucks Désirée , Krasheninnikova Anastasia , von Bayern Auguste 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSocial complexity may select for socio‐cognitive abilities. The “loose string” task has become a comparative benchmark paradigm for investigating cooperative problem‐solving abilities in many species, thus enhancing our understanding of their evolution. It requires two individuals working together to solve a problem, specifically by pulling the two ends of a string simultaneously to move a reward towards them. A dyad's performance therefore depends on the individuals’ ability to coordinate their pulling action. Many species, including corvids and parrots, have been tested in this paradigm, but most appear insensitive to the exact cooperative nature of the task. We tested another parrot species, blue‐throated macaws, to further our understanding of social cognition in psittacids. Five birds were tested with different partners in a dyadic setting. The study included two control conditions examining the cognitive mechanism underlying their seemingly cooperative behaviour. All birds were able to simultaneously pull the strings, but their performance did not drop when they were denied mutual visual access, and they failed to obtain food when they needed to wait for their partner. Moreover, the parrots decreased their latency to pull with increasing experience. These findings suggest that the birds may have applied an associatively learnt rule, or relied on acoustic cues, rather than coordinating their actions with the partner. This may not necessarily prove a lack of understanding the partner's role, given that their failure to wait in the delay control test might be explained by their poor inhibitory control abilities. Relationship quality (i.e. affiliation and food tolerance) did not influence dyadic success. Future studies are needed in order to disentangle macaws’ potentially limited cooperative abilities from their lack of inhibitory control.
Free prednisolone pharmacokinetics predicted from total concentrations in patients with inflammatory – immunonologic conditions
Authors: Mangin Olivier , Zheng Yi , Bouazza Naïm , Foissac Frantz , Benaboud Sihem , Lui Gabrielle , Hirt Déborah , Mouthon Luc , Tréluyer Jean‐Marc , Urien Saïk 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrednisone is an anti‐inflammatory drug widely used in internal medicine and rheumatology, but dosing remains empirical. The active metabolite of prednisone is free prednisolone. The aim of this work was to build a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model that can predict free prednisolone concentrations in patients with inflammatory/immunologic conditions.A total of 107 patients from the department of internal medicine of Cochin hospital provided 343 observations. Blood samples drawn for biological analyses were used for drug determination. Total plasma prednisolone concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and the data were modelled using Monolix. The pharmacokinetics was ascribed a one‐compartment open model with three transit compartments standing for the absorption and metabolism process. The model used predicts free concentrations that served to derive total concentrations given published binding constants. Only size parameters influenced the pharmacokinetics. Free prednisolone CLU/F and VU/F, scaled allometrically on lean body weight, were, respectively, 26.7 L/h and 94.3 L for 50 kg LBW. CLU/F interindividual variability was 0.20. The additive and proportional residual variabilities were, respectively, 4.3 µg/L and 0.20. The results point out some dosing issues, that is the possibility of under‐ or over‐dosage in thin or overweight patients respectively.
Effect of water blanching on phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities, enzyme inactivation, microbial reduction, and surface structure of samnamul (Aruncus dioicus var kamtschaticus)
Authors: Kim Ah‐Na , Lee Kyo–Yeon , Rahman Muhammad Shafiur , Kim Hyun‐Jin , Chun Jiyeon , Heo Ho Jin , Kerr William L. , Choi Sung‐Gil 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWater blanching is widely used in food industry, but imprudent process causes considerable quality deterioration. To determine optimum condition, the effect of water blanching at different temperature (80, 90 and 98 °C) and time (0–10 min) on the characteristics of samnamul was investigated. Total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activities showed dramatic increase up to maximum and decreased rapidly as further blanching prolonged at all temperatures. The blanching at 98 °C for 30 s showed the highest values of them. Phenolic compounds such as shanzhiside methyl ester, isoquercetin, quercetin 3‐O‐rhamnoside, kaempferol 3‐O‐glucoside and sergeolide showed different temperature dependence. At 30 s, quercetin derivatives levels increased with increasing temperature and showed highest heat‐stability. Based on our study, the blanching at high temperature of 98 °C for a short time of 30 s may be important to increase or maintain nutritional quality, while oxidative enzyme activities and the microorganism numbers decreased.
Stellate ganglion block and cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia
Authors: Cha Yong‐Mei , Li Xuping , Yang Mei , Han Jie , Wu Gang , Kapa Suraj C. , McLeod Christopher J. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Mulpuru Siva K. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Brady Peter A. , Rho Richard H. , Friedman Paul A. , Lee Hon‐Chi , Tian Ying , Zhou Shenghua , Munger Thomas M. , Ackerman Michael J. , Shen Win‐Kuang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundInappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) remains a clinical challenge because patients often are highly symptomatic and not responsive to medical therapy.ObjectiveTo study the safety and efficacy of stellate ganglion (SG) block and cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) in patients with IST.MethodsTwelve consecutive patients who had drug‐refractory IST (10 women) were studied. According to a prospectively initiated protocol, five patients underwent an electrophysiologic study before and after SG block (electrophysiology study group). The subsequent seven patients had ambulatory Holter monitoring before and after SG block (ambulatory group). All patients underwent SG block on the right side first, and then on the left side. Selected patients who had heart rate reduction ≥15 beats per minute (bpm) were recommended to consider CSD.ResultsThe mean (SD) baseline heart rate (HR) was 106 (21) bpm. The HR significantly decreased to 93 (20) bpm (P = .02) at 10 minutes after right SG block and remained significantly slower at 97(19) bpm at 60 minutes. Left SG block reduced HR from 99 (21) to 87(16) bpm (P = .02) at 60 minutes. SG block had no significant effect on blood pressure or HR response to isoproterenol or exercise (all P > .05). Five patients underwent right (n = 4) or bilateral (n = 1) CSD. The clinical outcomes were heterogeneous: one patient had complete and two had partial symptomatic relief, and two did not have improvement.ConclusionSG blockade modestly reduces resting HR but has no significant effect on HR during exercise. Permanent CSD may have a modest role in alleviating symptoms in selected patients with IST.
Pericardial access via wire‐guided puncture without contrast: The feasibility and safety of a modified approach
Authors: Long De‐Yong , Sun Li‐Ping , Sang Cai‐Hua , Jiang Chen‐Xi , Guo Xue‐Yuan , Li Meng‐Meng , Li Song‐Nan , Zhao Xin , Wang Wei , Tang Ri‐Bo , Dong Jian‐Zeng , Du Xin , Ma Chang‐Sheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and safety of wire‐guided pericardial access without contrast.MethodsFrom January 2014 to February 2019, patients who received epicardial mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardia in the Beijing Anzhen Hospital were entered into the current study. They were divided into contrast‐guided access group or wire‐guided access group according to the pericardial puncture technique used. The baseline variables, procedure parameters, complications were collected and compared.ResultsDuring the study period, a consecutive of 73 patients received epicardial access. The initial 32 patients received contrast‐guided puncture with success achieved in 30 patients, the remaining 41 patients underwent wire‐guided puncture with success achieved in 40 patients (30/32 and 40/41, P = .581). Fluoroscopy time (4.45 ± 0.52 and 4.38 ± 0.46 minutes, P = .891) and access time (5.14 ± 0.58 and 5.34 ± 0.50 minutes, P = .657) were comparable between the two groups. Inadvertent right ventricular puncture occurred more commonly in the contrast‐guided group (5/32 and 1/41, P = .038). Though more pericardial effusions (2/32 and 1/41, P = .575), tamponade (2/32 and 1/41, P = .575), and surgical repair (1/32 and 0/41, P = .432) occurred in the contrast‐guided group, they reached no statistical difference.ConclusionWire‐guided pericardial puncture exhibits better safety and similar success rates to contrast‐guided technique with a trend towards less complications.
Left bundle branch pacing utilizing three dimensional mapping
Authors: Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi , Panikkath Ragesh , Mascarenhas Vernon , Bauch Terry D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionPermanent His bundle pacing is feasible and effective in patients with atrioventricular block or left bundle branch block. However, pacing thresholds to capture the distal His bundle is often higher. Recently left bundle branch area pacing (LBBP) has been shown to be feasible by advancing the lead transvenously, deep into the interventricular septum to reach the left ventricular endocardial surface. In this article we describe the utility of three dimensional (3D) mapping to achieve LBBP.MethodsEnsite Precision (Abbott) mapping system was used to perform LBBP. A decapolar catheter was used to create 3D map of right atrium and right ventricle (RV). Regions of interest (His bundle, potential LBBP sites of interest in RV) were tagged in the 3D map. The LBBP lead was implanted utilizing the 3D map. The lead depth in the septum was assessed in the 3D map.ResultsLBBP was performed in three patients: chronic LBBB and intermittent 2:1 atrioventricular block; atrioventricular (AV) node ablation and conduction system pacing; and bifascicular block and intermittent AV block in a patient with severe left ventricular hypertrophy. LBBP was successful in all three patients. The lead depth in the interventricular septum was 12, 11, and 21 mm, respectively as assessed by 3D mapping.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional mapping was helpful in achieving LBBP in patients with LBBB, severe left ventricular hypertrophy or during AV node ablation. 3D mapping also facilitated easy assessment of lead depth during and after lead fixation. 3D mapping techniques may be a valuable tool to reduce the learning curve of implanters with minimal experience in LBBP.