bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benthic meiofauna with emphasis on nematode assemblage response to environmental variation in the intertidal zone of the Danshuei River estuary, northwest Taiwan
Authors: Cai Lizhe , Fu Sujing , Zhou Xiping , Tseng Li‐Chun , Hwang Jiang‐Shiou 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aims to determine whether the benthic meiofaunal assemblages on the intertidal zone of Danshuei River estuary (DRE) in Taiwan vary from the estuary to the upper stream, and in response to different habitats. A total of six major taxa (Nematoda, Copepoda, Ostracoda, Polychaeta, Oligochaeta and Gastrotricha) of meiofauna and 44 nematode genera were recorded at 12 sampling stations in DRE in October, 2013. Meiofauna densities ranged between 4.67 ± 2.08 and 294.00 ± 180.40 ind./10 cm2, the average was 162.31 ± 84.36 ind./10 cm2. Nematodes were the dominant group (relative abundance, RA: 89.27%) in the meiofaunal community at all stations, with its assemblage in DRE dominated by nonselective deposit feeders (55.14%). There were striking differences in nematode assemblages between mangroves and mangroves with reed habitats. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the dominances of the genera Anoplostoma, Metacylicolaimus and Deontostoma were significantly negative while Terschellingia correlated positively with salinity. These genera showed either decreasing or increasing trends at stations from the estuary to the upper stream. The dominances of the genera Megadesmolaimus and Theristus were significantly positively correlated with the proportion of sand and negatively correlated with the proportion of silt and clay. Our results indicate that salinity and sediment type influenced nematode assemblages in the DRE.
Major changes in grapevine wood microbiota are associated with the onset of esca, a devastating trunk disease
Authors: Bruez Emilie , Vallance Jessica , Gautier Angélique , Laval Valérie , Compant Stéphane , Maurer Wolfgang , Sessitsch Angela , Lebrun Marc‐Henri , Rey Patrice 
Published: August 2020

SummaryEsca, a major grapevine trunk disease in old grapevines, is associated with the colonization of woody tissues by a broad range of plant pathogenic fungi. To identify which fungal and bacterial species are involved in the onset of this disease, we analysed the microbiota from woody tissues of young (10‐year‐old) grapevines at an early stage of esca. Using meta‐barcoding, 515 fungal and 403 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in woody tissues. In situ hybridization showed that these fungi and bacteria co‐inhabited in grapevine woody tissues. In non‐necrotic woody tissues, fungal and bacterial microbiota varied according to organs and seasons but not diseased plant status. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, involved in the Grapevine trunk disease, was the most abundant species in non‐necrotic tissues from healthy plants, suggesting a possible non‐pathogenic endophytic behaviour. Most diseased plants (70%) displayed cordons, with their central white‐rot necrosis colonized essentially by two plant pathogenic fungi (Fomitiporia mediterranea: 60%–90% and P. chlamydospora: 5%–15%) and by a few bacterial taxa (Sphingomonas spp. and Mycobacterium spp.). The occurrence of a specific association of fungal and bacterial species in cordons from young grapevines expressing esca‐foliar symptoms strongly suggests that that microbiota is involved in the onset of this complex disease.
Turkish teachers' social judgements on autism spectrum‐based exclusion in primary schools
Authors: Acar Melike 
Published: August 2020

Inclusive education has become a primary educational goal in many countries that aim to end the exclusion of students with different needs. However, we still know little about the perspectives of teachers regarding the exclusion of students with different needs. Given that background, the present study used semi‐structured clinical interviews to investigate Turkish pre‐service (N = 31, mean age = 20.02 years) and in‐service (N = 23, mean age = 40.88 years) teachers' judgements and justifications related to peer exclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and teachers' failure to include. Findings revealed that the context of exclusion has a significant effect on whether the teachers judged typically developing students' exclusion of their peers with ASD as acceptable. Teachers evaluated peer exclusion in the academic context as less acceptable than exclusion in the play context, citing more moral concerns. Further findings and implications for teacher education are discussed.
Hemoglobin concentration and iron supplement during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Si Shuting , Shen Yu , Xin Xing , Mo Minjia , Shao Bule , Wang Shuojia , Luo Wenliang , Chen Zexin , Liu Hui , Chen Danqing , Yu Yunxian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHemoglobin (Hb) measurement is a conventional test during perinatal visits. Hb concentration is related to iron supplement. However, studies focusing on Hb levels, iron supplement, and pregnancy outcomes are scarce. This study aimed to determine whether Hb levels and iron supplement were associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsA running hospital‐based cohort was conducted from August, 2011. The demographic data and medical information were collected individually through questionnaires and patient medical records. Multiple linear regression was applied for the association between Hb levels, iron supplement, and blood glucose. Multiple logistic regression was used for evaluating odds ratios between Hb levels, iron supplement, and GDM.ResultsHb levels during first (T1) and second trimester (T2) of pregnancy were significantly and positively associated with blood glucose and GDM risk. After adjusting for age, prepregnancy body mass index, and other risk factors, pregnant women with Hb ≥ 11 g/dL and iron supplement had higher postprandial blood glucose at 1 hour (Hb ≥ 11 g/dL in T2 and iron supplement in T1: β = 0.860，P = <0.001; Hb ≥ 11 g/dL in T2 and iron supplement in T2: β = 0.960，P < 0.001; Hb ≥ 11 g/dL in T1 and iron supplement in T2: β = 1.133, P = 0.033) and GDM risks (odds ratio [OR] = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05‐2.24; OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.13‐3.35; OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.07‐4.34, respectively), compared with those with Hb < 11 g/dL and without iron supplement.ConclusionHigh Hb concentration and iron supplements without anemia increased postprandial blood glucose and risks for GDM. It indicates that pregnant women with good Hb levels should not be advised to take iron supplements during pregnancy.
Italian odonates in the Pandora's box: A comprehensive DNA barcoding inventory shows taxonomic warnings at the Holarctic scale
Authors: Galimberti Andrea , Assandri Giacomo , Maggioni Davide , Ramazzotti Fausto , Baroni Daniele , Bazzi Gaia , Chiandetti Ivan , Corso Andrea , Ferri Vincenzo , Galuppi Mirko , Ilahiane Luca , La Porta Gianandrea , Laddaga Lorenzo , Landi Federico , Mastropasqua Fabio , Ramellini Samuele , Santinelli Roberto , Soldato Giovanni , Surdo Salvatore , Casiraghi Maurizio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Odonata are considered among the most endangered freshwater faunal taxa. Their DNA‐based monitoring relies on validated reference data sets that are often lacking or do not cover important biogeographical centres of diversification. This study presents the results of a DNA barcoding campaign on Odonata, based on the standard 658‐bp 5′ end region of the mitochondrial COI gene, involving the collection of 812 specimens (409 of which barcoded) from peninsular Italy and its main islands (328 localities), belonging to all the 88 species (31 Zygoptera and 57 Anisoptera) known from the country. Additional BOLD and GenBank data from Holarctic samples expanded the data set to 1,294 DNA barcodes. A multi‐approach species delimitation analysis involving two distance (OT and ABGD) and four tree‐based (PTP, MPTP, GMYC and bGMYC) methods was used to explore these data. Of the 88 investigated morphospecies, 75 (85%) unequivocally corresponded to distinct molecular operational units, whereas the remaining ones were classified as ‘warnings’ (i.e. showing a mismatch between morphospecies assignment and DNA‐based species delimitation). These results are in contrast with other DNA barcoding studies on Odonata showing up to 95% of identification success. The species causing warnings were grouped into three categories depending on if they showed low, high or mixed genetic divergence patterns. The analysis of haplotype networks revealed unexpected intraspecific complexity at the Italian, Palearctic and Holarctic scale, possibly indicating the occurrence of cryptic species. Overall, this study provides new insights into the taxonomy of odonates and a valuable basis for future DNA and eDNA‐based monitoring studies.
Relevant non‐pharmacologic topics for clinical research in rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases: The patient perspective
Authors: Ingegnoli Francesca , Schioppo Tommaso , Ubiali Tania , Bollati Valentina , Ostuzzi Silvia , Buoli Massimiliano , Caporali Roberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe research approach on rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) is challenging and patient involvement is an emerging issue to obtain relevant information to research. Despite growing interest in non‐pharmacologic aspects of clinical research in RMDs, the patients’ perspectives are currently poorly explored.MethodsA cross‐sectional no‐profit online survey was devised to identify and rank the priorities for clinical research in RMDs according to patients’ perspectives. Patients were asked to rate the following topics: food/nutrition, air pollution, smoking, work activity, social participation, physical activity, emotional well‐being/stress, alternative medicine, and patient‐physician relationship. The survey was disseminated by ALOMAR (Lombard Association for Rheumatic Diseases) between June and October 2019.ResultsTwo hundred RMD patients completed the survey. The topic most rated 188 (94%) was the doctor‐patient relationship, considered very or extremely important. Other topics rated as follows: psychological well‐being 185 (92.5%), physical activity 155 (77.5%), nutrition, eating habits 150 (75%), alternative therapies 144 (72%), work activity 144 (72%), environmental pollution 134 (67%), social life 121 (60.5%) and cigarette smoke 119 (59.5%). The topics considered relevant were perceived to be able to influence disease symptoms. Environmental pollution and smoking were considered the most important for RMD prevention in 43.3% and 48.7% respectively.ConclusionsThis survey highlights the relevance of several unmet needs and indicates that active patient involvement is essential to design successful translational studies and improve clinical outcomes.
Asymmetric Inventory Management and the Direction of Sales Changes*
Authors: Hwang Iny , Jung Taejin , Lee Woo‐Jong , Yang Daniel G. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTWe study manufacturing firms' asymmetric inventory investment in response to sales changes. Focusing on the costs of resource adjustment and stockout that likely differ in sales‐increasing and sales‐decreasing periods, we predict and find that inventory investment declines less during periods with sales decreases than it rises during periods with sales increases. We validate this claim by showing that managers' expectations of future demand and desire to avoid inventory stockouts are important determinants of this asymmetry. In addition, we find that asymmetric inventory investment provides useful information for predicting future sales growth, and that both managers' and analysts' sales forecasts are positively associated with the asymmetry. Lastly, we document that forecasts of future sales growth that incorporate asymmetric inventory investment are associated with lower absolute forecast errors than benchmark forecasts. Overall, we highlight the importance of inventory information in understanding managers' resource adjustment and utilization decisions that have implications for forecasting future demand. Our findings on asymmetric inventory management provide new insights to fundamental analysis based on inventory signals.
Neural correlates of cue‐induced changes in decision‐making distinguish subjects with gambling disorder from healthy controls
Authors: Genauck Alexander , Matthis Caroline , Andrejevic Milan , Ballon Lukas , Chiarello Francesca , Duecker Katharina , Heinz Andreas , Kathmann Norbert , Romanczuk‐Seiferth Nina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn addiction, there are few human studies on the neural basis of cue‐induced changes in value‐based decision making (Pavlovian‐to‐instrumental transfer, PIT). It is especially unclear whether neural alterations related to PIT are due to the physiological effects of substance abuse or rather related to learning processes and/or other etiological factors related to addiction. We have thus investigated whether neural activation patterns during a PIT task help to distinguish subjects with gambling disorder (GD), a nonsubstance‐based addiction, from healthy controls (HCs). Thirty GD and 30 HC subjects completed an affective decision‐making task in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. Gambling‐associated and other emotional cues were shown in the background during the task. Data collection and feature modeling focused on a network of nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (derived from PIT and substance use disorder [SUD] studies). We built and tested a linear classifier based on these multivariate neural PIT signatures. GD subjects showed stronger PIT than HC subjects. Classification based on neural PIT signatures yielded a significant area under the receiver operating curve (AUC‐ROC) (0.70, p = 0.013). GD subjects showed stronger PIT‐related functional connectivity between NAcc and amygdala elicited by gambling cues, as well as between amygdala and OFC elicited by negative and positive cues. HC and GD subjects were thus distinguishable by PIT‐related neural signatures including amygdala–NAcc–OFC functional connectivity. Neural PIT alterations in addictive disorders might not depend on the physiological effect of a substance of abuse but on related learning processes or even innate neural traits.
Estimation of malignancy of pulmonary nodules at CT scans: Effect of computer‐aided diagnosis on diagnostic performance of radiologists
Authors: Liu Jiabao , Zhao Liqin , Han Xianjun , Ji Hong , Liu Liheng , He Wen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system for distinguishing malignant from benign pulmonary nodules on computed tomography (CT) scans, and to assess whether the diagnostic performance of radiologists with different experiences can be improved with the assistant of CAD.Materials and methodsA total of 857 malignant nodules from 601 patients and 426 benign nodules from 278 patients were retrospectively collected from four hospitals. In this study, we exploited convolutional neural network in the framework of deep learning to classify whether a nodule was benign or malignant. A total of 745 malignant nodules and 370 benign nodules were used as the training data of our CAD system. The remaining 112 malignant nodules and 56 benign nodules were used as the test data. The participants were two senior chest radiologists, two secondary chest radiologists, and two junior radiology residents. The readers estimated the likelihood of malignancy of pulmonary nodules first without and then with CAD output. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate readers’ diagnostic performance.ResultsWhen a threshold level of 58% was used to estimate the likelihood of malignancy, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy values of our CAD scheme alone were 93.8%, 83.9%, and 90.5%, respectively. For all six readers, the mean area under the ROC curve (Az) values without and with CAD system were 0.913 and 0.938, respectively. For each reader, there is a large difference in Az values that assessed without and with CAD system. With CAD output, the readers made correct changes an average of 15.7 times and incorrect changes an average of 2 times.ConclusionOur CAD system significantly improved the diagnostic performance of readers regardless of their experience levels for assessment of the likelihood of malignancy of pulmonary nodules.
Programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1)/PD‐ligand 1(PD‐L1) inhibitors‐related pneumonitis in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sun Yuxin , Shao Chi , Li Shan , Xu Yan , Xu Kai , Zhang Ying , Huang Hui , Wang Mengzhao , Xu Zuojun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImmune‐related pneumonitis is an uncommon but potentially fatal immune‐related adverse event in advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients during treatment with anti‐programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) and programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Underlying emphysema, interstitial lung disease (ILD), and previous radiation therapy for lung cancer might be factors precipitating immune‐related pneumonitis. The incidence of immune‐related pneumonitis is reported to be higher in those treated with PD‐1 inhibitors than in those treated with anti‐PD‐L1 inhibitors. Early detection and diagnosis and appropriate management according to the severity are critical to improving the prognosis. The first‐line physicians, including the primary responsible oncologists, family doctors, emergency physicians and NSCLC patients should be trained to identify and report symptoms of immune‐related pneumonitis as early as possible. Multidisciplinary treatment teams involving clinicians (including ILD specialists and lung cancer specialists), radiologists and pathologists are recommended for the treatment of immune‐related pneumonitis.
Observed without Sympathy: Adam Smith on Inequality and Spectatorship
Authors: Collins Kristen R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResponding to socioeconomic inequality and the decline of political participation, theorists of “audience democracy” emphasize citizens’ spectatorship of political leaders but neglect how citizens experience being watched themselves. I turn to Adam Smith's arguments about the effects of inequality on spectatorship, highlighting his criticisms of the public's disdain for people living in poverty. By comparing Smith's arguments about misperceptions of people living in poverty to his discussions of an innocent man accused of a crime, I show how mistaken spectators demoralize even morally judicious individuals. I also expand on an example of unjust censure that Smith suggests but does not discuss in detail: the social shame directed at a survivor of rape. I conclude by using Smith's insights to reflect on the social and interpersonal dynamics of surveillance that render contemporary welfare programs degrading for many participants and help transform socioeconomic inequality into political inequality.
Acute small bowel obstruction: one‐year retrospective study of admissions to inner city Royal Perth Hospital
Authors: Cengarle Alessandro , Weber Dieter G. , Taib Adnan G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnalyse admissions to Royal Perth Hospital (RPH) with acute small bowel obstruction (SBO), and identify trends between outcomes and management.MethodsRetrospective, single‐centre review of patients admitted to RPH with acute SBO, between May 2017 and May 2018.ResultsA total of 251 admissions met inclusion criteria. Increasing age correlated with increasing total length of stay (LOS) (r = 0.134, P = 0.033) and post‐operative LOS (r = 0.349, P < 0.0001). Increasing age led to poorer outcomes (P < 0.0001). Diagnoses were most commonly adhesions (167/251 = 66.5%), hernias (47/251 = 18.7%) and inflammatory bowel diseases (11/251 = 4.4%).Operation rate for adhesional SBO was 24.6% (41/167) and non‐adhesional SBO 54.8% (46/84). Median total LOS for operative versus conservative management was 9 days (interquartile range (IQR) 8) versus 3 days (IQR 3) (P < 0.0001). Median time to surgery was 1 day (IQR 2). Increased time from admission to theatre led to increasing post‐operative LOS (r = 0.398, P = 0.0013). Median post‐operative LOS for bowel resection versus no resection was 9 days (IQR 4.5) versus 6 days (IQR 4) (P = 0.0128).Of 101, 81 (80.2%) adhesional SBO resolved non‐operatively after receiving Gastrografin, compared to 45 of 66 (68.2%) of those who did not (P = 0.07). It did not significantly alter total or post‐operative LOS (P = 0.65 and P = 0.96), patient outcome (P = 0.26), or need for bowel resection (P = 0.63).ConclusionsOperative management, bowel resection, older age and increasing time from admission to surgery increase LOS. Trial of Gastrografin in non‐operative management of adhesion type small bowel obstructions does not significantly affect outcomes but tends to reduce operative rates.
Emergency cerclage in singleton pregnancies with painless cervical dilatation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chatzakis Christos , Efthymiou Athina , Sotiriadis Alexandros , Makrydimas George 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionEmergency cerclage is the most common active intervention in pregnant women with cervical insufficiency. This meta‐analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of emergency cerclage vs expectant management on maternal and perinatal outcomes, and to assess the current status of evidence.Material and methodsA search was conducted from 1 June 2019 until 1 September 2019 and eligible studies were identified in the MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane and US clinical trials registry without limitations concerning the publication dates and languages. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non‐RCTs and observational studies comparing emergency cerclage with no cerclage/expectant management, in women presenting with painless cervical dilatation were included.ResultsThe electronic search yielded 3607 potential studies, of which 38 were fully reviewed and 12 observational studies (1021 participants) were included. Cerclage was superior to expectant management for the primary outcomes of preterm birth before 28 and 32 gestational weeks, OR 0.25 (95% CI 0.16‐0.39, five studies, N = 392, I2 = 41%, low quality) and 0.08 (95% CI 0.02‐0.29, four studies, N = 176, I2 = 51%, low quality), respectively. Cerclage was also superior to expectant management for the secondary outcomes of fetal loss OR 0.26 (95% CI 0.12‐0.56, 8 studies, N = 455, I2 = 46%, very low‐quality), pregnancy prolongation in days mean difference 47.45 (95% CI 39.89‐55.0, 12 studies, N = 1027 I2 = 86%, very low quality), gestational age at birth in weeks mean difference 5.68 (95% CI 4.69‐6.67, 9 studies, N = 892, I2 = 73%, very low quality), admission to neonatal intensive care OR 0.21 (95% CI 0.07‐0.70, two studies, N = 79, I2 = 36%, very low quality) and neonatal death OR 0.12 (95% CI 0.04‐0.34, five studies, N = 130, I2 = 0%, very low quality). There were no differences between cerclage and expectant management concerning premature rupture of membranes during or after the procedure OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.31‐1.48, two studies, N = 155, I2 = 85%, very low quality) and chorioamnionitis OR 1.14 (95% CI 0.31‐4.25, three studies, N = 88, I2 = 33%, very low quality).ConclusionsEmergency cerclage in pregnant women with painless cervical dilatation seems to decrease preterm births, prolong the pregnancy, and decrease the neonatal deaths and fetal losses, but does not increase the risk of chorioamnionitis and premature rupture of membranes. Despite the extremely favorable estimates for cerclage, the results should be viewed with caution because, as a result of the lack of randomized control trials, the quality of evidence is low to very low.