bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Population‐Based Analysis
Authors: Zerna Charlotte , Rogers Edwin , Rabi Doreen M. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Kamal Noreen , Mann Balraj , Jeerakathil Tom , Buck Brian , Shuaib Ashfaq , Rempel Jeremy , Menon Bijoy K , Goyal Mayank , Hill Michael D. 
Published: March 2020

Background

A heterogeneous patient population receives endovascular treatment (
EVT
) for acute ischemic stroke caused by proximal large‐vessel occlusion every day. We aimed to conduct a population‐based study of
EVT
in the province of Alberta, Canada, to understand the effectiveness in a complete population and how the magnitude of effect differs from the artificial world of clinical trials.

Methods and Results

Within a 3‐year period (April 2015 to March 2018), 576 patients fit the inclusion criteria of our study and constituted the
EVT
group of our analysis. The medical treatment group of the
ESCAPE
(Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Anterior Circulation Proximal Occlusion With Emphasis on Minimizing CT [Computed Tomography] to Recanalization Times) trial had 150 patients. Thus, our total sample size was 726. We captured outcomes in clinical routine using administrative data and a linked database method. Primary outcome of our study was home‐time. Home‐time refers to the number of days that the patient was back at premorbid living situation without increase in level of care within 90 days of index stroke event. Median age of patients was 70 years (interquartile range, 59–81 years), and 47.8% were women. Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 17 (interquartile range, 13–20).
EVT
was associated with an increased 90‐day home‐time by an average of 8.5 days compared with medical treatment alone using Cragg hurdle regression (
P
=0.009). Age and higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score were associated with decreased 90‐day home‐time (both
P
<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression showed no association between
EVT
and mortality at 90 days (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.47–1.24).

Conclusions

EVT
for acute ischemic stroke caused by proximal large‐vessel occlusion was effective in our province‐wide population‐based study and results in an increase of 90‐day home‐time by ~8.5 days.
A Conversation between Chinese Artists and Mexican Painter David
Alfaro Siqueiros
Authors: Xiangsheng Feng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In October 1956, the Mexican muralist David Siqueiros traveled Beijing and engaged in two dialogues with artists from the Chinese Artists’ Association. His visit came at an inflection point in China’s foreign and cultural policy. As Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, China used cultural diplomacy to cultivate relationships with unaligned countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. China’s cultural policy mirrored this shift by relaxing its adherence to Soviet-style Socialist Realism and promoting new stylistic practices, including a revival of ink painting techniques. This policy shift re-animated a debate among Chinese artists over the best mode of representation for socialist art, with one side arguing that Soviet-style Socialist Realism was the only acceptable style, and the other advocating for the reform of Chinese ink painting techniques. Within this context, Siqueiros’s criticism of Soviet artists and his advice to follow Chinese stylistic traditions set off a rich discussion on new approaches to Socialist Realism within China.
Distinctions and Differentiations between Medicine and Religion
Authors: Killinger Katrin , Kleine Christoph , Triplett Katja 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This special section of Asian Medicine brings together three scholars of the history of healing practices and medicine in premodern Asian societies to explore whether and how emic boundaries between religion and medicine were drawn in different historical contexts. In this introduction, we use the example of ancient Japan in an attempt to show how first steps towards a separation of religion and medicine can be identified, even when they have not yet been clearly differentiated institutionally or distinguished conceptually as distinct fields of action. By doing so, we operationalize the macro-sociological question central to the ‘multiple secularities’ approach, namely how ‘secular’ fields of action—here, curing disease—emancipate themselves from ‘religion’ in premodern ‘non-Western’ societies. We propose to look for differences in the framing and interpretation of healing activities, for the ascription of either (professional) competence or (religious) charisma to the healers, to ask whether the activities are to be interpreted as a social function or service, and to identify the sources of authority and legitimacy. This is followed by a brief summary and discussion of the contributions by Selby, Czaja, and Triplett.
Mantras and Rituals in Tibetan Medicine
Authors: Czaja Olaf 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article will explore the relationship between Tibetan medicine and Tibetan Buddhism by analyzing early Tibetan medical treatises. It will investigate mantras, meditative visualizations, and rituals that were used to prevent and to cure diseases and will study their medical context. Some of the questions addressed will be: Are these techniques employed in the case of special diseases or at particular stages of medical treatment? If so, how firmly are they established in medical texts? Are they just accessary parts and not really “medical,” or do they form an integral part of medical expertise in premodern Tibet? This article will thus question our current understanding of Tibetan medicine from an emic textual perspective on healing practices.
Pediatric Care and Buddhism in Premodern Japan: A Case of Applied “Demonology”?
Authors: Triplett Katja 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Indian idea of supernatural entities, or “demons,” that harm children found its way into Chinese translations of Buddhist texts. Through Buddhism, the idea also reached premodern Japan. Given that medicine in premodern Japan was predominantly practiced by “secular” court physicians and Buddhist monastic doctors, one might assume that court physicians focused on childhood diseases with “natural” causes, while Buddhist monastics concentrated on “supernatural” causes and ritual remedies for childhood illnesses. I aim to establish whether this was actually the case by assessing ideas and practices as well as social institutions and individuals engaged in the healing of children in premodern Japan. The wider Asian context will also be considered. I conclude that in caring for children, “demonology” was combined with ideas and practices from diverse traditions in Japan and remained alive largely outside—but not in opposition to—the Buddhist and medical institutions well into the early modern period.
The Recent Decline and Recovery of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall: Relative Roles of External Forcing and Internal Variability
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhou Tianjun , Turner Andrew , Dai Aiguo , Chen Xiaolong , Clark Robin , Jiang Jie , Man Wenmin , Murphy James , Rostron John , Wu Bo , Zhang Lixia , Zhang Wenxia , Zou Liwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall affects a large population in South Asia. Observations show a decline in ISM rainfall from 1950 to 1999 and a recovery from 1999 to 2013. While the decline has been attributed to global warming, aerosol effects, deforestation, and a negative-to-positive phase transition of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), the cause for the recovery remains largely unclear. Through analyses of a 57-member perturbed-parameter ensemble of model simulations, this study shows that the externally forced rainfall trend is relatively weak and is overwhelmed by large internal variability during both 1950–99 and 1999–2013. The IPO is identified as the internal mode that helps modulate the recent decline and recovery of the ISM rainfall. The IPO induces ISM rainfall changes through moisture convergence anomalies associated with an anomalous Walker circulation and meridional tropospheric temperature gradients and the resultant anomalous convection and zonal moisture advection. The negative-to-positive IPO phase transition from 1950 to 1999 reduces what would have been an externally forced weak upward rainfall trend of 0.01 to −0.15 mm day−1decade−1during that period, while the rainfall trend from 1999 to 2013 increases from the forced value of 0.42 to 0.68 mm day−1decade−1associated with a positive-to-negative IPO phase transition. Such a significant modulation of the historical ISM rainfall trends by the IPO is confirmed by another 100-member ensemble of simulations using perturbed initial conditions. Our findings highlight that the interplay between the effects of external forcing and the IPO needs be considered for climate adaptation and mitigation strategies in South Asia.
Evaluation of 24-h urine containers for urine copper measurement by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Robson Anna F , Lockett Philip , Tetlow Lesley , Chaloner Chris 
Published: March 2020

Objective To determine the necessity for acid-washed containers for 24-h urine copper analysis. Methods Copper solutions, with concentrations relevant to clinical decision limits, were prepared by spiking both assay diluent and unknown urine samples with the copper calibrator. Samples were split between plain and acid-washed 24-h urine containers, and copper analysis was performed using inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results Measurement of copper in both spiked diluent and spiked urine samples showed minimal concentration bias between acid-washed and plain 24-h urine containers. Conclusions Acid-washed containers are not required for the measurement of copper in 24-h urine samples.
The impact of mental health diagnoses on perceptions of risk of criminality
Authors: Garcia Jessica L , Johnson Adanna J , Carlucci Marianna E , Grover Rachel L 
Published: March 2020

Background: Previous research has examined the relation between mental illness (MI) and perceptions of dangerousness, but less research has focused on its relation to perceived risk of criminality. Individuals with MI are perceived to be more dangerous than those without, and individuals with schizophrenia or substance abuse diagnoses are viewed as being more dangerous. Research also supports that race of individuals with MI plays an important role in the conceptualization and experience of stigma. Aims: The current study investigated the relation between MI, perceived criminality and race of diagnosed individuals. Method: Two hundred ninety participants were randomly assigned to read one of the four vignettes and answer a series of questions. The first three vignettes depicted someone with MI (schizophrenia, depression or alcohol dependency), while the fourth vignette served as a control. Participants were asked to indicate likelihood of committing a future crime, severity of the future crime and the person’s potential for rehabilitation. Levels of sympathy and trust, as well as perceived race of the person, were also measured. Results: Presence of MI was a significant predictor where MI elicited higher levels of perceived risk of criminality. The remaining predictor variables (type of MI, familiarity with MI and criminality and perceived race) were not significant predictors. Exploratory analyses revealed the schizophrenia and alcohol dependency conditions elicited higher levels of perceived severity of future crimes. Perceived MI severity and likelihood of rehabilitation were all significantly correlated with perceived risk of criminality. Conclusion: Presence of MI appears to be the most important in influencing participant attitudes about perceived risk of criminality, though type of MI may influence beliefs about severity of future crimes. The impact of race could not be examined but should be examined in future studies.
Predicting cannulation difficulty in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using CT image findings: a decision-tree analysis
Authors: Lee Sun Hwa , Lee Jae Min , Han Na Yeon , Kim Min Ju , Park Beom Jin , Sung Deuk Jae , Sim Ki Choon 
Published: March 2020

Background Difficult cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is associated with increased complications; therefore, its prediction is important. Purpose To identify radiologic risk factors of difficult cannulation during ERCP based on computed tomography (CT) findings and to develop a predictive model for a difficult cannulation. Material and Methods A total of 171 patients with native papilla who underwent both enhanced CT and ERCP were recruited. Two radiologists independently measured the distal common bile duct (CBD) diameter and choledochoduodenal (CD) angle and analyzed CT images for presence of CBD stone and papilla bulging, size and type of periampullary diverticulum (PAD), and duodenal segment in which major papilla was located. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and decision-tree analysis were performed to identify risk factors for difficult cannulation. Results Thirty-nine patients underwent a difficult cannulation. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a smaller CBD diameter, presence of papilla bulging, location of the major papilla other than the descending duodenum, a smaller CD angle, and a higher worrisome PAD score were statistically relevant factors for difficult cannulation ( P < 0.049). In the decision-tree analysis, a higher worrisome PAD score was the strongest predictor of difficult cannulation, followed by the presence of papilla bulging, smaller CD angle, and a smaller CBD diameter. The predictive model had an 82.5% overall predictive accuracy. Conclusion The CT findings-based decision-tree analysis model showed a high accuracy in predicting cannulation difficulty and may be helpful for making pre-ERCP strategy.
Continuous positive airway pressure can improve depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Xiangli , Yang Jun , Yang Chunwei , Niu Lin , Song Fucun , Wang Lin 
Published: March 2020

Objective Substantial research indicates a clear relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and depression. The study aim was to quantitatively evaluate whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy improves mood symptoms in OSAS patients. Methods PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched up to 2017 for publications on the impact of CPAP on mood symptoms in OSAS patients. Results For the final analysis, nine randomized controlled trials comprising 1,052 patients were selected. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) of the effect of CPAP on depression was 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.18, 0.43). A subgroup analysis showed that when CPAP use was greater than 4 hours per night, it tended to be effective in improving patients’ mood symptoms (SMD = 0.38; confidence interval 0.23, 0.54). Analysis of publication bias using Egger’s test found no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion CPAP treatment can improve depression in OSAS patients.
Correlation between lower extremity arterial disease and skeletal muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Yinghui , Ren Lemeng , Zheng Fengjie , Zhuang Xianghua , Jiang Dongqing , Chen Shihong , Ni Yihong , Li Xiaobo 
Published: March 2020

Objectives To evaluate skeletal muscle mass in patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and concomitant lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) and determine the contribution of skeletal muscle mass to macrovascular diseases. Methods In total, 112 patients with T2DM were divided into the T2DM and T2DM + LEAD groups. Hepatic function, renal function, uric acid, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were measured. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure visceral fat area and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Results Waist-to-hip ratio, uric acid, and body fat percentage were significantly higher in the T2DM+LEAD group than in the T2DM group; SMI was significantly lower in the T2DM+LEAD group than in the T2DM group. There were no significant differences in albumin, creatinine, fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, or blood lipids. Uric acid, SMI, and body fat percentage were significantly positively correlated with T2DM and concomitant LEAD. Logistic regression analyses suggested that SMI is an independent risk factor for LEAD in T2DM (odds ratio = 1.517; 95% confidence interval: 1.082–2.126). Conclusions Skeletal muscle mass is lower in patients with T2DM and concomitant LEAD than in patients with T2DM who do not exhibit LEAD. SMI is an important risk factor for LEAD.
Clinical efficacy and outcome of intelligently inflatable reduction in conjunction with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for treating thoracolumbar burst fractures
Authors: Shao Rong-Xue , Zhou Hui , Peng Liang , Pan Hao , Yue Jun , Hu Qing-Feng 
Published: March 2020

Objective This study was performed to describe a new minimally invasive surgical technique and to explore its effects and practical use in the clinical setting. Methods In total, 22 patients with single-segment thoracolumbar burst fractures underwent treatment with an intelligently inflatable reduction device before common percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. Complications were recorded and short-term effectiveness was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), kyphotic Cobb angle, and anterior edge height of the fractured vertebra preoperatively and postoperatively. Results The patients were followed up from 2 to 5 years. The differences in the VAS score and ODI reached statistical significance at different time points. Similar significant differences were observed in the kyphotic Cobb angle and the vertebral body anterior height except between the two postoperative measurements. Conclusions The current study indicated that use of the intelligently inflatable reduction device with conventional percutaneous pedicle screw fixation can improve the reduction and healing of single-segment thoracolumbar burst fractures in adult patients. This technique induces minimal trauma, provides reliable fixation, and has few complications.
Evaluation of two tools for the early screening of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Chinese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tang Jie-Long , Pan Bing-Bing , Shu Yi , Gu Yan-Fa , Liu Shuai 
Published: March 2020

Objective To evaluate two osteoporosis screening tools, the osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians (OSTA) and the osteoporosis screening tool for Chinese (OSTC), in postmenopausal Chinese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This retrospective study enrolled postmenopausal female patients with T2DM. Bone mineral density at the lumbar spine (L1–4) and left femoral neck was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The OSTA and OSTC scores were calculated and compared with bone mineral density at the two anatomical sites. Results A total of 404 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this study. The detection rates for osteoporosis in the lumbar spine (L1–L4) and left femoral neck by DXA were 22.5% (91 of 404 patients) and 21.8% (88 of 404 patients), respectively; 14.4% (58 of 404 patients) and 18.1% (73 of 404 patients) by OSTA, respectively; and 21.5% (87 of 404 patients) at both sites by OSTC. At the femoral neck, the areas under the curve (AUC) of OSTA and OSTC for predicting osteoporosis were 0.73 and 0.78, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for OSTA were 64.9% and 72.7%, respectively; and for OSTC, they were 64.2% and 79.5%, respectively. Conclusions The OSTC assessment tool was superior to OSTA for osteoporosis screening in postmenopausal Chinese women with T2DM.
Subspecialty Employment Needs in Academic Radiology Settings Across Canada
Authors: Kurowecki Darya , Forster Bruce B. , Patlas Michael N. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to identify current and projected subspecialty employment needs across Canadian academic radiology practices. Methods: An electronic survey was distributed to academic radiology department heads within the faculties of medicine at Canadian universities between September and October 2019. Respondents identified the number of partnership track radiologists hired in the last academic year, the number of fellowship-trained new hires, and the top 3 subspecialties for new and prospective hires. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Results: Nine academic radiology department heads responded to the survey (75% response rate) with good regional representation across Canada. Ninety-five percent of new hires within the last academic year were subspecialty fellowship trained. The top subspecialties for new hires in the last year were abdominal imaging and interventional neuroradiology, with 77.8% and 44.4% of academic leaders reporting them as one of the top 3 subspecialties, respectively. The top 3 subspecialties for prospective hires in the next academic year included musculoskeletal imaging (n = 6, 66.7%), followed by abdominal imaging (n = 5, 55.6%), with pediatric radiology (n = 3, 33.3%) and cardiothoracic imaging (n = 3, 33.3%) tying for third place. There was some variability in the subspecialty needs for hires between regions. Conclusions: The survey results provide valuable information about the current and future subspecialty needs of academic radiology practices. The data obtained can provide guidance to trainees regarding fellowship training options that will optimize their future employability.
Combined Diagnosis of Whole-Lesion Histogram Analysis of T1- and T2-Weighted Imaging for Differentiating Adrenal Adenoma and Pheochromocytoma: A Support Vector Machine-Based Study
Authors: Liu Junhong , Xue Kangkang , Li Shujian , Zhang Yong , Cheng Jingliang 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether a combined diagnosis of whole-lesion histogram analysis of T1- and T2-weighted imaging based on support vector machine (SVM) can distinguish pheochromocytoma from adrenal adenoma. Methods: A pathology database was retrospectively appraised over a period of 7 years and we obtained 40 histopathologically proven adrenal adenomas and 20 pheochromocytomas with magnetic resonance images. The T1-weighted imaging (T1WI, including both in phase and opposed phase) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) images of each patients were analyzed using Mazda software. Nine parameters were selected as indicators of comparison: variance, skewness, kurtosis, mean, 1st percentile, 10th percentile, 50th percentile, 90th percentile, and 99th percentile. The parameters with differential-diagnosis significance were used to establish the combined diagnostic model of SVM. Results: Among the 9 parameters extracted using histogram analysis, the 1st percentile, 10th percentile, and 50th percentile of T1WI (in phase) and the skewness of T2WI and almost all parameters of T1WI (opposed phase), except variance and 99th percentile, showed statistical significance between groups. Among the above parameters, the area under the curve (AUC) of 10th percentile of T1WI (opposed phase) was the largest with the value of 0.909 (100.0% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity). After the analysis of combined diagnosis was performed, the AUC of SVM model in testing set showed the value of 0.917 (85.0% accuracy). Conclusions: Whole-lesion histogram analysis of T1WI and T2WI may help differentiate adrenal adenomas from pheochromocytomas. Furthermore, the combined diagnosis of T1WI and T2WI histogram based on SVM was more effective than most of individual histogram parameters.