bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXIII-28 Effects of Actigen in antibiotics-free diets on growth performance, intestinal barrier functions and inflammation in weaned piglets
Authors: Song Min , Fan Yijie , Su Han , Zhang Fenglin , Liu Fangfang , Zhu Xiaoyan , Wang Lina , Gao Ping , Wang Zhonggang , lin Gang , xue yan , Jiang Qingyan , Wang Songbo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of ActigenTM, a second-generation mannan rich fraction, on growth performance, intestinal barrier functions and inflammation in weaned piglets. A total of 150 weaned piglets were randomly assigned to Control, antibiotics and Actigen groups and received 1 of 3 dietary treatments: a basal antibiotics-free diet to which 100 mg/kg antibiotics or 800 mg/kg Actigen were added. Body weight and feed intake were recorded. On day 28, 10 piglets per treatment were selected to collect blood, small intestinal segments and mucosa samples. Intestinal morphology and goblet cell number were determined. Expression of tight junction proteins and Toll Like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling were detected. D-lactic acid (DLA) and inflammatory cytokines in serum were also measured. Actigen or antibiotics supplemented diets significantly reduced incidence of diarrhea, with no effect on growth performance. Intestinal morphology revealed that antibiotics significantly decreased, while Actigen markedly increased the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. PAS staining demonstrated that the goblet cell number was markedly elevated in jejunum of the Actigen fed piglets. In addition, the expression of tight junction proteins was significantly decreased and increased by antibiotics and Actigen use, respectively. Accordingly, the intestinal permeability was elevated by antibiotics use, with the increased serum DLA. Furthermore, Actigen fed piglets had lower serum proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and higher serum anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In contrast, antibiotics use led to the increase of serum IL-1β. Moreover, the expression of TLR4, Myd88, and IKKβ phosphyorlation were enhanced by antibiotics use, suggesting the activation of TLR4 signaling pathway. However, Actigen supplemented diet had no effect on the TLR4 signaling pathway. In conclusion, compared with the control and antibiotics groups, Actigen supplemented diet had the similar or improved effects on growth performance, intestinal barrier functions and inflammation in weaned piglets.
PSXIII-8 Acute challenge with a DON-contaminated diet induce transient changes on microbiota composition in finishing pigs
Authors: Sciellour Mathilde Le , Zemb Olivier , Renaudeau David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present study aimed at describing the impact of a deoxynivalenol (DON) - contaminated diet on microbiota composition. A total of 147 (Large White x Landrace) x Piétrain pigs from two replicates were affected to four different experimental treatments. Pigs in the control group (CC) received a control diet from 99 to 154 days of age. Groups DC, CD, and DD were given the DON-contaminated diet (3.02 mg DON/kg feed) for 7 days at 113, at 134, and at 113 and 134 days of age, respectively. The DON-contaminated diet was formulated with a naturally contaminated corn. The body weight gain and the feed intake were daily recorded from day 99 to 154. Fecal samples were collected at the beginning of the experiment (d99), immediately after the end of the 7-days DON challenges (d119 and 140), and at the end of the experiment (d154) for further 16S rRNA sequencing. During challenge periods, ADFI was decreased by 26% to 32% (P &lt; 0.05) and ADG by 40% to 60% (P &lt; 0.05). Short-term DON challenges induced transient changes in microbiota composition. Two weeks after the end of the DON challenges, this composition went back to control state. Whatever the age, DON challenged pigs could be discriminated from controls in a sparse PLS discriminant analysis based on 88 operational taxonomic units or 27 functional pathways with 16% error-rate. The main predictors raised by this discrimination belonged to Streptococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiaceae families. In our experimental conditions, changes in microbiota composition observed during DON challenges were poorly correlated to changes in ADG and ADFI. This experiment revealed a transient modification of the microbiota composition following the exposition to DON-contaminated diet, with no long-term impact on pigs’ performance. This study is part of the Feed-a-Gene Project funded from the European Union’s H2020 Program (grant 633531).
PSXIV-40 Utilization of a group project in an introductory animal science course to concurrently develop collaborative work skills and increase animal science industry awareness
Authors: Barnes Taylor , Dunlap Kathrin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
It is expected that students entering the workforce should have skills to allow them to effectively perform in the workplace. However, there is a gap between expected development of these “soft skills” and their actual attainment by students. Due to this discrepancy, Texas A&M has developed university mandated learning outcomes that address soft skills within course content. The objective of this paper is to present teaching methodology useful for achieving Texas A&M University level learning outcomes as they relate to the “Professional Conduct” learning outcome, as assessed via performance indicators such as working collaboratively, feedback, and conflict management. Additionally, this project aims to help bridge the gap in understanding between current animal science industry practices and public perception. This project titled “Ag-vocating for Animal Science Industry Practices” utilizes methods appropriate for large classes, conducted face-to-face or online, and targets students at the introductory level. Based on criteria from education literature, the semester-long project is broken down into multiple low stakes assignments comprising half of the project points which allows for multiple feedback opportunities from both the group members and the professor. These assignments include a Catme survey to assign groups based on interest and schedule, as well as submitting topic-related articles, a script, a rough-draft video, final video, and peer assessment survey online through eCampus, the university’s learning management system. This utilization of this collaborative project fulfills university undergraduate learning outcome of demonstrating professional conduct measured by attainment performance indicators such as “identify characteristics of a functional team” and “accept objective and constructive criticism.” This is an innovative approach to assessing soft skill development within the context of the animal science discipline. In conclusion, this project is useful in evaluating groupwork skills in undergraduates, as well as providing students with an opportunity to critically analyze industry practices.
BRCA1 Promoter Methylation Status in 1031 Primary Breast Cancers Predicts Favorable Outcomes Following Chemotherapy
Authors: Stefansson Olafur A , Hilmarsdottir Holmfridur , Olafsdottir Kristrun , Tryggvadottir Laufey , Sverrisdottir Asgerdur , Johannsson Oskar T , Jonasson Jon G , Eyfjord Jorunn E , Sigurdsson Stefan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Breast Cancer 1 gene (BRCA1) is known to be inactivated in breast tumors by promoter methylation. Tumor cells in patients carrying a germline mutation in BRCA1 are sensitive to cytotoxic drugs that cause DNA double strand breaks. However, very little is known on whether patients with BRCA1 promoter methylated tumors are similarly sensitive to cytotoxic drugs. In this study, we address this by making use of extensive follow-up data on patients treated with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in Iceland between 1976 and 2007.

Methods
We analyzed BRCA1 promoter methylation by pyrosequencing DNA from tumor samples from 1031 patients with primary breast cancer. Of those, 965 were sporadic cases, 61 were BRCA2, and five were BRCA1 germline mutation carriers. All cases were examined with respect to clinicopathological parameters and breast cancer–specific survival in patients treated with cytotoxic drugs. Information on chemotherapy treatment in noncarriers was available for 26 BRCA1 methylated tumors and 857 unmethylated tumors.

Results
BRCA1 was promoter methylated in 29 sporadic tumors or in 3.0% of cases (29 of 965), whereas none of the tumors derived from BRCA germline mutation carriers were promoter methylated. Important to note, patients with BRCA1 promoter methylation receiving chemotherapeutic drug treatment show highly improved breast cancer–specific survival compared with unmethylated controls (hazard ratio = 0.10, 95% confidence interval = 0.01 to 0.75, two-sided P = .02).

Conclusions
BRCA1 promoter methylation is predictive of improved disease outcome in patients receiving cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil drug treatment. Our results support the use of markers indicative of “BRCAness” in sporadic breast cancers to identify patients that are likely to benefit from the use of DNA-damaging agents.
Modelling gas evacuation mechanisms in present-day globular clusters: stellar winds from evolved stars and pulsar heating
Authors: Naiman J P , Soares-Furtado M , Ramirez-Ruiz E 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We employ hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the underlying mechanism responsible for the low levels of gas and dust in globular clusters. Our models examine the competing effects of energy and mass supply from the various components of the evolved stellar population for globular clusters 47 Tucanae, M15, NGC 6440, and NGC 6752. Ignoring all other gas evacuation processes, we find that the energy output from the stars that have recently turned off the main sequence are capable of effectively clearing the evolved stellar ejecta and producing intracluster gas densities consistent with current observational constraints. This result distinguishes a viable gas and dust evacuation mechanism that is ubiquitous among globular clusters. In addition, we extend our analysis to probe the efficiency of pulsar wind feedback in globular clusters. We find that if the energy supplied by the pulsar winds is effectively thermalized within the intracluster medium, the material would become unbound. The detection of intracluster ionized gas in 47 Tucanae allows us to place particularly strict limits on pulsar wind thermalization efficiency, which must be extremely low in the cluster’s core in order to be in accordance with the observed density constraints.
A Bayesian Implementation of the Multispecies Coalescent Model with Introgression for Phylogenomic Analysis
Authors: Flouri Tomáš , Jiao Xiyun , Rannala Bruce , Yang Ziheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Recent analyses suggest that cross-species gene flow or introgression is common in nature, especially during species divergences. Genomic sequence data can be used to infer introgression events and to estimate the timing and intensity of introgression, providing an important means to advance our understanding of the role of gene flow in speciation. Here, we implement the multispecies-coalescent-with-introgression model, an extension of the multispecies-coalescent model to incorporate introgression, in our Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo program Bpp. The multispecies-coalescent-with-introgression model accommodates deep coalescence (or incomplete lineage sorting) and introgression and provides a natural framework for inference using genomic sequence data. Computer simulation confirms the good statistical properties of the method, although hundreds or thousands of loci are typically needed to estimate introgression probabilities reliably. Reanalysis of data sets from the purple cone spruce confirms the hypothesis of homoploid hybrid speciation. We estimated the introgression probability using the genomic sequence data from six mosquito species in the Anopheles gambiae species complex, which varies considerably across the genome, likely driven by differential selection against introgressed alleles.
An Effective and Practical Fluid Restriction Protocol to Decrease the Risk of Hyponatremia and Readmissions After Transsphenoidal Surgery
Authors: Winograd Dina , Staggers Kristen A , Sebastian Sherly , Takashima Masayoshi , Yoshor Daniel , Samson Susan L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Delayed hyponatremia is a common complication following transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) of pituitary lesions, which leads to significant patient morbidity, as well as increased hospital costs associated with readmission.

OBJECTIVE
To report the effects of fluid restriction, during a postoperative period of 4 d, to decrease rates and readmissions for hyponatremia in a cohort of patients undergoing TSS.

METHODS
Because of our observed postoperative rates of hyponatremia, we implemented 1000-mL fluid restriction limited to postoperative days (POD) 4 to 8 in consecutive patients undergoing surgery at our center between March 2018 and January 2019. Patients were monitored for the development of hyponatremia and readmissions. We compared outcomes with those of patients who had undergone TSS prior to fluid restriction.

RESULTS
Data from 57 patients who underwent TSS following implementation of fluid restriction were compared to prior patients who underwent TSS without restriction. The rate of hyponatremia in patients (n = 57) prior to fluid restriction was 12.3%. Following implementation of fluid restriction, we had zero cases of hyponatremia or readmissions. We found body mass index to be inversely related to the risk of hyponatremia and readmissions. Furthermore, male gender, follicle stimulating hormone and/or luteinizing hormone staining on pathology, and administration of preoperative and intraoperative glucocorticoids were associated with decreased risk of hyponatremia readmissions.

CONCLUSION
The implementation of 1000-mL fluid restriction between POD 4 and 8 is a highly successful and simple approach to decrease the risk of delayed hyponatremia after TSS.
Long-term incidence of glioma in Olmsted County, Minnesota, and disparities in postglioma survival rate: a population-based study
Authors: Ryan Conor S , Juhn Young J , Kaur Harsheen , Wi Chung-Il , Ryu Euijung , King Katherine S , Lachance Daniel H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
We assessed glioma incidence and disparities in postglioma survival rate in the Olmsted County, Minnesota, population.

Methods
This population-based study assessed the incidence of pathologically confirmed primary gliomas between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2014. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates per 100 000 person-years were calculated and standardized to the US white 2010 population. We compared incidence trends of glioma during our study period with previously published Olmsted County data from 1950 to 1990. We assessed postglioma survival rates among individuals with different socioeconomic status (SES), which was measured by a validated individual HOUsing-based SES index (HOUSES).

Results
We identified 135 incident glioma cases (93% white) with 20 pediatric (50% female) and 115 adult cases (44% female). Overall incidence rate during our study period, 5.51 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI: 4.56-6.46), showed no significant changes and was similar to that seen in 1950 to 1990, 5.5 per 100 000 person-years. The incidence of pediatric (age &lt; 20 years) glioma was 2.49 (95% CI: 1.40-3.58), whereas adult glioma incidence was 6.47 (95% CI: 5.26-7.67). Among those with grade II to IV gliomas, individuals with lower SES (&lt; median HOUSES) had significantly lower 5-year survival rates compared to those with higher SES, adjusted hazard ratio 1.61 (95% CI: 1.01-2.85).

Conclusion
In a well-defined North American population, long-term glioma incidence appears stable since 1950. Significant socioeconomic disparities exist for postglioma survival.
Motivational Interviewing to Encourage Quit Attempts Among Smokers Not Ready to Quit: A Trial-Based Economic Analysis
Authors: Rasu Rafia S , Thelen Joanie , Agbor Bawa Walter , Goggin Kathy , Bradley-Ewing Andrea , Catley Delwyn 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
This study used data from a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of motivational interviewing (MI) relative to health education (HE) and brief advice (BA) to encourage quit attempts and cessation in order to determine their relative cost-effectiveness.

Aims and Methods
Urban community residents (n = 255) with low desire to quit smoking were randomized to MI, HE, or BA which differed in communication style and/or number of treatment sessions. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were used to compare the intensive interventions (MI and HE) to BA for facilitating quit attempts and smoking cessation. Costs were calculated from the perspective of an agency that might engage in program delivery. Sensitivity analysis examined different assumptions for MI training and pharmacotherapy costs.

Results
Total intervention delivery time costs per participant for MI, HE, and BA were $46.63, $42.87, and $2.4, respectively. Cost-effectiveness ratios per quit attempt at 24 weeks were $380 for MI, $272 for HE, and $209 for BA. The cost per additional quit attempt for MI and HE relative to BA was $508 and $301, respectively. The cost per additional quit for MI and HE relative to BA was $2030 and $752, respectively. Four separate sensitivity analyses conducted in our study did not change the conclusion the HE had a lower Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio for both quit attempts and cessation.

Conclusions
HE was the most cost-effective of the three types of smoking cessation induction therapies and therefore may be preferable for smokers who are less motivated to quit. Providing valuable cost information in choosing different clinical methods for motivating smokers to quit.

Implications
All direct costs and activity-based time costs associated with delivering the intervention were analyzed from the perspective of an agency that may wish to replicate these strategies. A randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of MI relative to HE and BA to encourage quit attempts and cessation determined their relative cost-effectiveness. HE was the most cost-effective of the three types of smoking cessation induction therapies and therefore may be preferable. Despite guideline recommendations, MI may not be the best approach to encourage quit attempts in diverse populations. Rather, a structured, intensive HE intervention might be the most cost-effective alternative.
Internal Maxillary to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Using an Anterior Tibial Artery Graft, Performed Using a 3-Dimensional Exoscope: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Patel Nitesh V , Ligas Barbara , Gandhi Shashank , Ellis Jason , Ortiz Rafael , Costantino Peter , Qato Khalil , Langer David J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Fusiform aneurysms remain challenging entities to treat, as maintenance of flow and prevention of branch occlusion are concerns. Use of endovascular stents may risk nearby branch occlusion. We present a 31-yr-old male with a prior subarachnoid hemorrhage from a left middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 aneurysm. Informed consent for use of the operative video and information was obtained from the patient. Initially, open clipping was performed with noted residual because of risk of nearby branches. On angiography, a growing fusiform segment distal to the initial aneurysm was noted. The patient was referred to our institution for this finding, and a multidisciplinary team reviewed the case. Endovascular treatment was felt to be risky, as stenting could jail nearby MCA branches. Clipping would also risk occlusion because of scaring from previous hemorrhage. Sufficient flow would be needed, and because the ipsilateral superficial temporal artery was sacrificed in the initial craniotomy, the internal maxillary artery (IMAX) was chosen as the bypass source. A cerebrovascular neurosurgeon, skull base otolaryngologist, and vascular surgeon worked together to perform a left-side IMAX to MCA bypass using an anterior tibial artery graft under 3-dimensional exoscopic visualization. Specifically, a 9-0 nylon suture on a BV-130 needle along with straight and tying forceps were used along with heparinized saline. The bypass was noted to be of robust flow, and the patient did very well on postoperative follow-up. The utilization of an anterior tibial artery graft, IMAX exposure, and corresponding bypass provides educational value, as there are only a limited number of videos on this topic.
Supracerebellar-Infratrochlear Approach for Midbrain Cavernoma: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Campero Alvaro , Román Guillermo , Baldoncini Matías , Villalonga Juan F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Gravity retraction is an underutilized adjunct in neurosurgery. Gravity is gentler than retractor blades; it does not cause brain edema or injury, and it tends to open natural subarachnoidal plans to deep lesions.
1-3
A good example of this is the supracerebellar infratrochlear approach
4-7
in semisitting position for resection to a midbrain cavernous malformation. This approach was selected because the cavernous malformation was 1 mm under the lateral mesencephalic sulcus. The procedure was developed with the use of transesophageal ultrasound and physiological neuromonitoring. We present a 3-dimensional video of this surgery with all the tricks and details used in the procedure. The patient consented to the procedure and to publication of the photos and surgical video.
Divided Culture and Constitutional Tensions: Brexit and the Collision of Direct and Representative Democracy
Authors: Blick Andrew , Salter Brian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article considers connections between two aspects of Brexit: the cultural divide exposed and amplified by the European Union (EU) referendum of 23 June 2016 and the prolonged and intense period of multiple and overlapping constitutional tensions that followed the referendum. The referendum revealed the existence of two contrasting cultural groupings. Each was defined by a cluster of values that extended beyond attitudes towards the particular question of EU membership, and to which issues of citizenship were central. The manifestation and crystallisation of this cultural divide through the direct democracy of the referendum led directly to constitutional turmoil. Parliamentarians as a group found themselves misaligned with those who voted in the referendum producing a conflict between the principles of direct and representative democracy. Brexit has generated tensions between and within different institutions of the constitution and arguments about what the rules were, and what they should be. Areas on which these conflicts and disagreements have focused included the Civil Service, the courts, the Cabinet, Parliament and even the monarchy. The political shock of Brexit, therefore, had inherently constitutional characteristics. They are likely to continue to manifest themselves, shaping the way the constitution operates and changes in future.