bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Проблемы идентификации литературоведческой терминологии
Authors: Khatamova D.A. , Solomonova A.A. 
Published: April 2020

Статья посвящена вопросам изучения литературоведческой терминологии, обеспечивающей точность и конкретность описания литературных фактов, понимание литературного процесса в целом, атакже при изучения историко-литературных дисциплин в иностранной аудитории в частности. Особое внимание уделяется генезису термина поэтика .The article is devoted to the study of literary terminology, providing accuracy, concreteness and understanding of the literary facts and the literary process in general, as well as in the process of studying historical and literary disciplines in a foreign audience in particular. Particular attention is paid to the issue of the genesis of the term poetics, which made it possible to clarify the scope of perception of this literary category as a term.
TINDAKAN AFIRMATIF SEBAGAI BENTUK KEADILAN PADA PENEGAKAN HUKUM LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI LAUT : STUDI KASUS MV HAI FA DAN NELAYAN UJUNG KULON
Authors: Dudayev Rayhan 
Published: April 2020

AbstrakUpaya penegakan hukum yang tegas merupakan salah satu cara untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan. Instrumen hukum lingkungan dibuat dan ditegakkan untuk mencegah terjadinya kerusakan lingkungan. Namun pada pelaksanaannya, penegakan hukum lingkungan tidak senada dengan konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan. Penegakan hukum lingkungan seolah hanya tajam ke bawah namun tumpul ke atas. Dalam tulisan ini, akan dibahas mengenai penegakan hukum lingkungan di sektor maritim dalam dua kasus yang berbeda, berkaitan dengan pelanggaran Undang-Undang Konservasi Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 Tentang Koservasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Ekosistemnya. Perbedaan sebab akibat dalam kasus yang berbeda tidak membuat hukum memperlakukan kedua kasus tersebut secara berbeda karena adanya asas kesamaan (equality before the law) dalam hukum. Tulisan ini akan memaparkan penegakan hukum, terutama hukum pidana, ditinjau dengan perspektif pembangunan berkelanjutan pada kasus nelayan dan kasus illegal fishing yang melibatkan korporasi. Berangkat dari perspektif tersebut, tulisan ini mencoba menganalisis alasan pentingnya tindakan afirmatif bagi penegakan hukum di masing-masing kasus. AbstractOne of the means to protect the environment is to firmly enforce the environmental law. Environmental legal instruments are made and enforced in order to prevent environmental damage. However, environmental law enforcement in practice is not always consistent with the concept of sustainable development. Environmental enforcement is sharper to the poor people, but dull to big corporations. This article attempts to discuss the enforcement of environmental law in the maritime sector in two different cases, with regard to the violation of Law no. 5 of 1990 regarding Conservation. Despite the different causation and magnitude of impacts, the law treats those cases equally due to the equality before the law principle. This article also elaborates the law enforcement, especially criminal law, with the perspective of sustainable development in the case of involving fishermen and the illegal fishing case involving a corporation. From this perspective, this paper analyzes the importance affirmative action for the law enforcement in each case.
KONSERVASI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI INDONESIA: REKOMENDASI PERBAIKAN UNDANG-UNDANG KONSERVASI
Authors: Samedi Samedi 
Published: April 2020

AbstrakKekayaan Indonesia akan keanekaragaman hayati dengan komponen-komponennyamerupakan masa depan umat manusia sebagai sumber ketahanan pangan, kesehatan dan bahkan energi. Dengan potensi ini,Indonesia wajib melakukan upaya konservasi beserta legislasi yang efektif untuk mengatasi laju kerusakan dan kehilangan keaneragaman hayati yang telah mencapai tingkat yang sangat mengkhawatirkan.Tulisan ini membahas mengenai peran hukum dan kerangka hukum konservasi di Indonesia,utamanya kemampuan undang-undang konservasi dalam penyelamatan sumber daya alam hayati, serta saran perbaikan terhadap undang-undang yang saat ini ada.Saat ini kerangka hukum nasional konservasi keanekaragaman hayati berpusat pada Undang-UndangNo. 5Tahun 1990yang mengadopsi World Conservation Strategy IUCN tahun 1980 yang di tingkat internasional telah mengalami perubahan-perubahan mendasar. Terlepas dari keberhasilan UUini, diantaranya dengan mencadangkan lebih dari 25 juta ha ekosistem daratan dan lautan ke dalam sistem kawasan yang dilindungi (protected areas), undang-undang ini mengandung berbagai kelemahan untuk penerapannya saat ini dan perlu segera direvisi, termasuk harmonisasi yang mendalam dengan undang-undang terkait agar dapat dilaksanakan secara efektif di lapangan. AbstractBiodiversity and its components: genetic resources, species and ecosystem with actual or potential use values to humanity is the future for the survival of humankind. With this potential, it is essential for Indonesia to conserve these resources equipped with effective national legislation to stop and reverse the unprecendented rate of biodiversity loss. This paper aims to discuss the conservation legal framework in Indonesia and the capability of the conservation law to halt unprecedented biodiversity loss and suggested revision for this law.The current legal framework for biodiversity conservation stems on the Act No 5 of 1990 which adopts World Conservation Strategy of IUCN 1980. Under the current framework, more than 25 million hectares of terrestrial and marine areas have been totally protected within protected areas systems. However, this centralistic law has some weaknesses to be effectively implemented at the current contexts. This law needs substantial revision and harmonization with other laws in order to make the implementation effective.
Pengenalan Karakter Jawi Tulisan Tangan Menggunakan Fitur Sudut
Authors: Safrizal Safrizal 
Published: April 2020

Abstrak— Karakter Jawi salah satu varian karakter Arab adalah karakter Jawi. Karakter tersebut mengakomodasi penulisan bahasa Melayu. Karakter Jawi banyak digunakan oleh kerajaan Islam di Nusantara sehingga banyak dokumen menggunakan karakter tersebut. Untuk menjaga kelestarian dokumen tersebut maka karakter Jawi tersebut harus di rubah kedalam format digital, salah satu caranya adalah dengan metode Optical Character Recognition (OCR). Salah satu metode OCR dalam mengekstraksi fitur adalah menggunakan sudut yang dibentuk dari bagian utama karakter. Fitur yang dihasilkan dari sudut tersebut digunakan oleh SVM untuk di klasifikasi kedalam karakter Jawi. Dengan menggunakan fitur tersebut, SVM mampu mengklasifikasi karakter Jawi dengan tingkat akurasi rata-rata sebesar 78,86%. Abstract— The Jawi character is one variant of Arabic characters that adopts Malay language writing. The character of Jawi is widely used by the Islamic kingdom in the Archipelago. Many document written using these characters. To preserve the history and the book, the Jawi character need to be converted into digital form, one way is by Optical Character Recognition (OCR) method. One method of OCR in extracting features is to use angles formed by main part of the character. The features generated are used by SVM to be classified into Jawi characters. By using these features, SVM is able to classify Jawi characters with an average level of accuracy of 78.86%.
Upper socioeconomic status is associated with lower Helicobacter pylori infection rate among patients undergoing gastroscopy
Authors: Attila Tan , Zeybel Mujdat , Yigit Yesim Esen , Baran Bulent , Ahishali Emel , Alper Emrah , Aslan Fatih , Ergonul Onder , Mungan Zeynel 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Socioeconomic factors play an important role in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. The aim of this study is to investigate HP prevalence among symptomatic patients in the upper socioeconomic segment of the population undergoing gastroscopy in an endemic urban region.
Methodology: Over a 12-month period, data were collected from the first consecutive 1000 patients (500 from university hospital, 500 from community hospital) who had gastroscopy and HP evaluation.
Results: Overall, 211/1000 patients (21.1 %) were found to have HP in gastric biopsies. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of rapid urease test were 87.5%, 99.7%, 99%, 96.5%, and 96.9% respectively. Atrophic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers were significantly more common in HP positive patients. Age based distribution of HP prevalence: > 6 decades (15.5%), 3rd-5th decades (26.1%), < 3rd decades (10.4%).
Conclusion: In an HP endemic country, the prevalence of HP infection among symptomatic patients belonging to the upper socioeconomic segment of the population appears to be markedly lower. The lowest prevalence in young patients is expected to result in future decrease in HP prevalence.
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) clones from Paraguayan children
Authors: Rodriguez Fátima , Salinas Claudia , Fernandez Silvina , Haim Sol , Mollerach Marta , Basualdo Wilma , Castro Hector , Quiñónez Beatriz , Arguello Rocio , Rodriguez Monica , Grau Lorena , Espínola Carmen , Velázquez Gladys , Samudio Gloria , Gomez Gloria , Campuzano Ana , Ortellado Juana , Almada Patricia , Guillén Rosa 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the most important human pathogens, and its levels of resistance to methicillin have increased even in strains isolated from people without nosocomial risk factors. Molecular analysis is essential for understanding the patterns of dissemination. The objective of this study was to identify community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) clones that infected Paraguayan children patients in two periods of time.
Methodology: An observational, descriptive study was designed to determine the genetic variability of 115 isolates of CA-MRSA recovered from children who attended four reference centers in Paraguay between 2009-2010 and 2012-2013.
Results: The combined use of Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Multi-Locus Sequencing Typing, Multi-Locus Variable Analysis (MLVA) and Spa typing techniques allowed the identification of two dominant clones: ST30-IV-t019 (77%) and ST5-IV-t311 (10%), and the establishment of the former as the leading cause of CA-MRSA infections in children during the study period.
Conclusions: This is the first study that provides epidemiological information as well as microbiological and molecular characteristics of CA-MRSA isolates recovered from children from Asunción and the Central Department of Paraguay.
Surveillance of surgical-site infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns in a tertiary hospital in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Raouf May , Ghazal Thoraya , Kassem Mohamed , Agamya Abdelfattah , Amer Amira 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Surveillance and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring are fundamental to Health care associated infections control. Limited data are available from developing countries for both. This study aimed to evaluate incidence and risk factors of surgical site infections (SSIs), etiological pathogens and AMR patterns identification.
Methodology: A prospective active surveillance study was implemented over a 24- month period at a 110-bed multispecialty non-teaching tertiary hospital. Follow up data were collected for 30-90 days. SSI was diagnosed according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC/NHSN) criteria. The SSI isolates were identified by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOF/MS). Antibiotics susceptibility test was performed according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST).
Results: Out of a total of 3,642 patients, 70% had complete follow-up. SSI was detected in 57 cases (2.3%), 61.4% of which were detected post discharge. Factors significantly associated with increased SSI risk included smoking, diabetes, ASA score 5/E, ICU admission, previous admission and increased hospital stay. Sixty-five isolates were obtained; 70.8% were GNB while 24.6% were GPC and 4.6% were Candida albicans. Regarding AMR, 58.7% of isolates were extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) producers while 45.7% were Carbapenem resistant. Multi drug resistant (MDR) was detected in 13% of isolates, 54.3% were extended drug resistant (XDR) and 10.9% were pan drug resistant (PDR). Eighty-six percent of Staphylococci isolates were methicillin-resistant.
Conclusion: Despite low SSI rates detected, the high incidence of AMR identified is alarming.
High Burden of Burnout on Rheumatology Practitioners
Authors: Tiwari Vivekanand , Kavanaugh Arthur , Martin George , Bergman Martin 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveBurnout among physicians is common and has important implications. We assessed the extent of burnout among rheumatology practitioners and its associations.Methods.One hundred twenty-eight attendees at the 2019 Rheumatology Winter Clinical Symposium were surveyed using the Maslach Burnout Index (MBI) and a demographics questionnaire. Scores for emotional exhaustion (EE) ≥ 27, depersonalization (DP) ≥ 10, and personal accomplishment (PA) ≤ 33 were considered positive for burnout. Data regarding practitioner characteristics including age, sex, years in practice, and other demographics of interest were also collected. These data were used to determine prevalence and interactions of interest between practitioner characteristics and the risk of burnout.Results.Of the 128 respondents, 50.8% demonstrated burnout in at least 1 MBI domain. Dissatisfaction with electronic health records was associated with a 2.86-times increased likelihood of burnout (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.23–6.65, P = 0.015). Similar results were found for lack of exercise (OR 5.00, 95% CI 1.3–18.5, P = 0.016) and work hours > 60 per week (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.16–5.6, P = 0.019). Practitioners in group practice were 57% less likely to burn out (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20–0.92, P = 0.029), as were those who spend > 20% of their time in personally satisfying work (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.15–0.71, P = 0.005).Conclusion.In what we believe to be one of the largest studies regarding burnout among rheumatology practitioners, we found a substantial prevalence of burnout, with 51% of all respondents meeting criteria in at least 1 domain defined by the MBI and 54% of physicians meeting these same criteria.
The Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials in High-impact Rheumatology Journals, 1998–2018
Authors: Putman Michael S. , Harrison Ragle Ashley , Ruderman Eric M. 
Published: April 2020

Objective.Well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCT) mitigate bias and confounding, but previous evaluations of rheumatology trials found high rates of methodological flaws. Outside of rheumatoid arthritis, no studies in the modern era have assessed the quality of rheumatology RCT over time or regarding industry funding.Methods.We identified all RCT published in 3 high-impact rheumatology journals from 1998, 2008, and 2018. Quality metrics derived from a modified Jadad scale were analyzed by year of publication and by funding source.Results.Ninety-six publications met inclusion criteria; 82 of these described the primary analysis of an RCT. Over time (1998–2008–2018), trials were less likely to adequately report dropouts and withdrawals (100% vs 82% vs 60%; p < 0.01) or include an active comparator (44% vs 12% vs 13%; p = 0.01). Later trials were more likely to evaluate biologic therapy (11% vs 38% vs 83%; p < 0.01) and report adequate randomization procedures (39% vs 29% vs 60%; p = 0.04). Seventy-nine percent of trials received industry funding. Industry-funded trials were more likely to report double-blinding (86% vs 53%; p < 0.01), patient-reported outcome measures (77% vs 41%; p < 0.01), and intention-to-treat analyses (86% vs 65%; p = 0.04).Conclusion.Industry-funded trials comprise the majority of RCT published in high-impact rheumatology journals and more frequently report metrics associated with RCT quality. RCT assessing active comparators and nonbiologic therapies have become less common in high-impact rheumatology journals.
Relationship Between Delirium and Ventilatory Outcomes in the Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kerber Kathleen , Zangmeister Jessica , McNett Molly 
Published: April 2020

Background
Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric diagnosis in intensive care units and often leads to extended hospital stays and an increased rate of complications. Delirium can be classified as hypoactive, hyperactive, or mixed. Hyperactive delirium is often accompanied by agitation, which is a predictive factor for unplanned extubation. Hypoactive delirium does not include outward agitation; its incidence and relationship to ventilatory outcomes, specifically unplanned extubation and duration of mechanical ventilation, are relatively unexplored.

Objective
To determine the occurrence rate of each delirium type in the first 7 days after intensive care unit admission and explore the relationship between delirium type and ventilatory outcomes.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study that enrolled adult patients consecutively admitted to a medical intensive care unit over 12 months. Data were abstracted on patient demographic variables, daily clinical variables (morning and evening delirium, coma, and sedation scores), and outcome variables (unplanned extubation, length of stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation).

Results
We enrolled 171 patients in the study. Hypoactive delirium occurred in up to 44% of patients. Of 25 instances of unplanned extubation, up to 74% of patients had hypoactive delirium. Delirium was not a predictor of unplanned extubation; smoking history, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and failed breathing trials best predicted unplanned extubation (odds ratios = 3.2, 5.2, and 12.6, respectively; P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Hypoactive delirium is common among intensive care unit patients and may precede unplanned extubation. Patient history and comorbidities remain the strongest predictors of unplanned extubation.
How to read a published clinical trial: a practical guide for clinicians
Authors: Sonbol Mohamad B , Firwana Belal M , Hilal Talal , Murad Mohammad Hassan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOver the last 5 years, there have been more than 140 new drug approvals in the field of Oncology alone, all based on newly published clinical trials. These approvals have led to an ongoing change in clinical practice, offering new therapeutic options for patients. Therefore, it is important for healthcare providers to be able to appraise a clinical trial and determine its validity, understand its results, and be able to apply such results to their patients. In this guide, we provide a simplified approach tailored to practicing clinicians and trainees. The same concepts and principles apply to other medical specialties.
Droughts in the area of Poland in recent centuries in the light of multi-proxy data
Authors: Przybylak Rajmund , Oliński Piotr , Koprowski Marcin , Filipiak Janusz , Pospieszyńska Aleksandra , Chorążyczewski Waldemar , Puchałka Radosław , Dąbrowski Henryk Paweł 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The history of drought occurrence in Poland in the last millennium is poorly known. To improve this knowledge we have conducted a comprehensive analysis using both proxy data (documentary and dendrochronological) and instrumental measurements of precipitation. The paper presents the main features of droughts in Poland in recent centuries, including their frequency of occurrence, coverage, duration, and intensity. The reconstructions of droughts based on all the mentioned sources of data covered the period 996–2015. Examples of megadroughts were also chosen
using documentary evidence, and some of them were described. Various documentary sources have been used to identify droughts in the area
of Poland in the period 1451–1800 and to estimate their intensity, spatial
coverage, and duration. Twenty-two local chronologies of trees (pine, oak,
and fir) from Poland were taken into account for detecting negative pointer
years (exceptionally narrow rings). The delimitation of droughts based on
instrumental data (eight long-term precipitation series) was conducted using two independent approaches (Standard Precipitation Index, SPI, calculated for 1-, 3-, and 24-month timescales, and a new method proposed by authors). For delimitation of droughts (dry months), the criteria used were those proposed by McKee et al. (1993) and modified for the climate conditions of Poland by Łabędzki (2007). More than 100 droughts were found in documentary sources in the period
1451–1800, including 17 megadroughts. A greater than average number of
droughts were observed in the second halves of the 17th century and the 18th century in particular. Dendrochronological data confirmed this general tendency in the mentioned period. Analysis of SPI (including its lowest values, i.e. droughts) showed that the long-term frequency of droughts in Poland has been stable in the last two or three centuries. Extreme and severe droughts were most frequent in the coastal part of Poland and in Silesia. Most droughts had a duration of 2 months (about 60 %–70 %) or 3–4 months (10 %–20 %). Frequencies of droughts with a duration of 5-or-more months were lower than 10 %. The frequency of droughts of all categories in Poland in the instrumental period 1722–2015 was greatest in winter, while in the documentary evidence (1451–1800) droughts in this season are rarely mentioned. The occurrence of negative pointer years (a good proxy for droughts) was
compared with droughts delimited based on documentary and instrumental data. A good correspondence was found between the timing of occurrence of droughts identified using all three kinds of data (sources).
Academic health sciences libraries and affiliated hospitals: a conversation about licensing electronic resources
Authors: Allison Amy E. , Bryan Bonita , Franklin Sandra G. , Schick Leslie C. 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Libraries in academic health centers may license electronic resources for their affiliated hospitals, as well as for their academic institutions. This study examined the current practices of member libraries of the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL) that provide affiliated hospitals with access to electronic information resources and described the challenges that the libraries experienced in providing access to the affiliated hospitals.Methods: In September 2016, AAHSL library directors received an email with a link to an online survey.Results: By December 2016, representatives from 60 AAHSL libraries responded. Two-thirds of the responding libraries supplied online information resources to more than 1 hospital, and 75% of these libraries provided the hospitals with access both on site and remotely. Most (69%) libraries licensed the same resource for both the academic institution and the hospitals. Cost, license negotiation, and communication with hospital stakeholders were commonly reported challenges.Conclusion: Academic health sciences libraries with affiliated hospitals continue to grapple with licensing and cost issues. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.