bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clozapine in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia: a practical guide for healthcare professionals
Authors: Flanagan R J , Lally J , Gee S , Lyon R , Every-Palmer S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Clozapine remains the only medication licensed for treating refractory schizophrenia. However, it remains underutilized in part due to concerns regarding adverse events.

Sources of data
Published literature.

Areas of agreement
Common adverse events during clozapine treatment include sedation, hypersalivation, postural hypotension, dysphagia, gastrointestinal hypomotility, weight gain, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. Rare but serious events include agranulocytosis, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pneumonia, paralytic ileus and seizure.

Areas of controversy
It remains unclear how best to minimize clozapine-induced morbidity/mortality (i) during dose titration, (ii) from hypersalivation and (iii) from gastrointestinal hypomotility. It is also unclear how clozapine pharmacokinetics are affected by (i) gastrointestinal hypomotility, (ii) systemic infection and (iii) passive exposure to cigarette smoke. Whether monthly haematological monitoring needs to continue after 12 months of uninterrupted therapy is also a subject of debate.

Growing points
There is a need for better management of serious clozapine-related adverse events in addition to agranulocytosis. There is also a need for better education of patients and carers, general practitioners, A&E and ITU staff and others of the problems posed in using clozapine safely.

Areas timely for developing research
There is a need for more research on assessing clozapine dosage (i) as patients get older, (ii) with respect to exposure to cigarette smoke and (iii) optimizing response if adverse events or other factors limit dosage.
Local and Landscape-Scale Features Influence Bumble Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Bycatch in Bertha Armyworm Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Pheromone-Baited Monitoring Traps
Authors: Grocock Nicholas L , Evenden Maya L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The bertha armyworm (BAW) Mamestra configurata Walker is a significant pest of canola Brassica napus L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) in western Canada. Its activity is monitored through a large network of pheromone-baited monitoring traps as a part of the Prairie Pest Monitoring Network across the Canadian Prairies. The unintentional bycatch of bee pollinators in pheromone-baited traps targeting moth pests occurs in many agroecosystems and may have repercussions for biodiversity and pollination services of wild plants and managed crops. We conducted field experiments to determine the abundance and diversity of bees attracted to green-colored BAW pheromone-baited traps across the canola growing regions of Alberta, Canada. A higher species diversity and more bumble bees were captured in BAW pheromone-baited than in unbaited control traps. Bombus rufocinctus Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was the most commonly captured species. Few other wild bees or honey bees Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were captured during this study. Additionally, we evaluated the influence of local and landscape-level habitat features on bee bycatch. Local flowering plant abundance improved overall model fit but did not directly impact bee bycatch. The proportion of natural and seminatural habitat, and especially forested area, in the area surrounding monitoring traps affected bee bycatch. Both local and landscape-scale factors were important in this study and often have combined effects on bee communities. This study provides recommendations to reduce the bycatch of beneficial bee pollinators in a large-scale pheromone-baited monitoring network.
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in primary care health care workers assessed by antibody testing
Authors: Lackermair Korbinian , William Frederic , Grzanna Noelle , Lehmann Elke , Fichtner Stephanie , Kucher Hans Bernd , Wilhelm Karl , Estner Heidi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a pandemic threat of public health during the last month causing more than 10 million infections and 500 000 deceased patients worldwide. Nevertheless, data about risk of infection for health care workers are sparse.

Methods
In a large primary care facility, 151 workers underwent SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) testing. In addition, participants had to complete a survey regarding symptoms and their individual risk of infection.

Results
Symptoms suspicious for COVID-19 occurred in 72%, fever in 25% of all subjects. Four workers (2.6%, 95% confidence interval 0.8–7.1%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. None of these was free from COVID-19 suspicious symptoms. Source of infection was presumably professional in three of four individuals.

Conclusion
Our systematic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of health care workers in a large outpatient centre revealed an apparently low rate of 2.6% past SARS-CoV-2 infections. Relative risk for infection following health care profession cannot be derived as data about infection rates in the corresponding general population are lacking.
Population Size, Sex and Purifying Selection: Comparative Genomics of Two Sister Taxa of the Wild Yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus
Authors: Koufopanou Vassiliki , Lomas Susan , Pronina Olga , Almeida Pedro , Sampaio Jose Paulo , Mousseau Timothy , Liti Gianni , Burt Austin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study uses population genomic data to estimate demographic and selection parameters in two sister lineages of the wild yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus and compare their evolution. We first estimate nucleotide and recombinational diversities in each of the two lineages to infer their population size and frequency of sex and then analyze the rate of mutation accumulation since divergence from their inferred common ancestor to estimate the generation time and efficacy of selection. We find that one of the lineages has significantly higher silent nucleotide diversity and lower linkage disequilibrium, indicating a larger population with more frequent sexual generations. The same lineage also shows shorter generation time and higher efficacy of purifying selection, the latter consistent with the finding of larger population size and more frequent sex. Similar analyses are also performed on the ancestries of individual strains within lineages and we find significant differences between strains implying variation in rates of mitotic cell divisions. Our sample includes some strains originating in the Chernobyl nuclear-accident exclusion zone, which has been subjected to high levels of radiation for nearly 30 years now. We find no evidence, however, for increased rates of mutation. Finally, there is a positive correlation between rates of mutation accumulation and length of growing period, as measured by latitude of the place of origin of strains. Our study illustrates the power of genomic analyses in estimating population and life history parameters and testing predictions based on population genetic theory.
Metabolic Signatures of Life Span Regulated by Mating, Sex Peptide, and Mifepristone/RU486 in FemaleDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Landis Gary N , Doherty Devon V , Yen Chia-An , Wang Lu , Fan Yang , Wang Ina , Vroegop Jonah , Wang Tianyi , Wu Jimmy , Patel Palak , Lee Shinwoo , Abdelmesieh Mina , Shen Jie , Promislow Daniel E L , Curran Sean P , Tower John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMating and transfer of male sex peptide (SP), or transgenic expression of SP, causes inflammation and decreased life span in female Drosophila. Mifepristone rescues these effects, yielding dramatic increases in life span. Here targeted metabolomics data were integrated with further analysis of extant transcriptomic data. Each of 7 genes positively correlated with life span were expressed in the brain or eye and involved regulation of gene expression and signaling. Genes negatively correlated with life span were preferentially expressed in midgut and involved protein degradation, amino acid metabolism, and immune response. Across all conditions, life span was positively correlated with muscle breakdown product 1/3-methylhistidine and purine breakdown product urate, and negatively correlated with tryptophan breakdown product kynurenic acid, suggesting a SP-induced shift from somatic maintenance/turnover pathways to the costly production of energy and lipids from dietary amino acids. Some limited overlap was observed between genes regulated by mifepristone and genes known to be regulated by ecdysone; however, mifepristone was unable to compete with ecdysone for activation of an ecdysone-responsive transgenic reporter. In contrast, genes regulated by mifepristone were highly enriched for genes regulated by juvenile hormone (JH), and mifepristone rescued the negative effect of JH analog methoprene on life span in adult virgin females. The data indicate that mifepristone increases life span and decreases inflammation in mated females by antagonizing JH signaling downstream of male SP. Finally, mifepristone increased life span of mated, but not unmated, Caenorhabditis elegans, in 2 of 3 trials, suggesting possible evolutionary conservation of mifepristone mechanisms.
Personality Development Beyond the Mean: Do Life Events Shape Personality Variability, Structure, and Ipsative Continuity?
Authors: Jackson Joshua J , Beck Emorie D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Life experiences are thought to prompt changes in personality. However, existing studies find few replicable mean-level changes in personality following life events. The focus on mean-level change may obscure other types of personality change that are not routinely studied in the context of life events. These are variability in response, structural, and ipsative change.

Methods
The current proposal examines whether major life events (e.g., divorce and job loss) affect these 3 understudied types of personality trait change using 3 waves of Big Five trait data in a large-scale, representative longitudinal study (German Socioeconomic Panel Study, N = 16,368). Structural equation models compare those who had an event to their prior self and a control group who did not experience the event.

Results
Life events were found to have mostly null or small effects on variability in response, structural, and ipsative change. Across 2 types of tests for variability in response, few replications occurred. The only consistent effect across 3 types of change was for mental health events, which served to increase variance in all Big Five traits and increase consistency in ipsative profiles.

Discussion
Life events tend not to affect these novel metrics of personality trait change. The one exception of mental health events is consistent with previous literature on mean-level change. Overall, life events do not appear to by major catalysts of personality change, regardless of how change is defined.
Imputing missing RNA-sequencing data from DNA methylation by using a transfer learning–based neural network
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Chai Hua , Zhao Huiying , Luo Ching-Hsing , Yang Yuedong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Gene expression plays a key intermediate role in linking molecular features at the DNA level and phenotype. However, owing to various limitations in experiments, the RNA-seq data are missing in many samples while there exist high-quality of DNA methylation data. Because DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification to regulate gene expression, it can be used to predict RNA-seq data. For this purpose, many methods have been developed. A common limitation of these methods is that they mainly focus on a single cancer dataset and do not fully utilize information from large pan-cancer datasets.

Results
Here, we have developed a novel method to impute missing gene expression data from DNA methylation data through a transfer learning–based neural network, namely, TDimpute. In the method, the pan-cancer dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was utilized for training a general model, which was then fine-tuned on the specific cancer dataset. By testing on 16 cancer datasets, we found that our method significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in imputation accuracy with a 7–11% improvement under different missing rates. The imputed gene expression was further proved to be useful for downstream analyses, including the identification of both methylation–driving and prognosis-related genes, clustering analysis, and survival analysis on the TCGA dataset. More importantly, our method was indicated to be useful for general purposes by an independent test on the Wilms tumor dataset from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) project.

Conclusions
TDimpute is an effective method for RNA-seq imputation with limited training samples.
The media and health education: Did Nigerian media provide sufficient warning messages on coronavirus disease?
Authors: Gever Verlumun Celestine , Ezeah Gregory 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Previous studies on media coverage of health issues hardly recognize the role of time in moderating media contents. Instead, scholars most often examine how news media report health issues. In this study, we recognized the role of time by taking into account how media report differs based on when a global outbreak is confirmed in a country and when it is not. We focused on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and examined six media—two TV stations, two newspapers and two radio stations. We content-analysed 537 stories and found that there were few stories about the virus before it was confirmed in Nigeria. But as soon as Nigeria recorded a confirmed case, the number of stories tripled. We also noticed that story format and recommendation on health behaviour were also closely linked to the COVID-19 status of Nigeria. However, we did not find an association between Nigeria’s COVID-19 status and policy recommendation among the media studied. Therefore, this study concludes that Nigerian media did not provide sufficient health warning messages on COVID-19 before its spread to the country.
Digital Distraction or Stimulated Self-Disclosure: Preadolescents’ Mobile Device Use in the Family Context
Authors: Meeus Anneleen , Eggermont Steven , Beullens Kathleen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study explored the social repercussions of preadolescents’ mobile device use within the family context by testing two opposing predictions regarding the impact of technology on the quality of interpersonal relationships. Specifically, we examined whether smartphone and tablet use was positively related to preadolescents’ self-disclosure to their parents and/or displaced family time, which we hypothesized to be related to children’s satisfaction with family life. Results of a cross-sectional survey (n = 698, 49.6% girls, Mage= 10.9, SD = 0.69) provided support for both hypotheses, thus corroborating the presence of at least two diverging pathways that underlie this relationship. Although mobile device use seemed to foster a context that supported children’s self-disclosure to their parents, results also indicated a negative and indirect association through children’s perceived family time. This negative pathway, however, did not hold when social use among children and parents (e.g., playing games together online) was considered separately.
CD33 and SIGLECL1 Immunoglobulin Superfamily Involved in Dementia
Authors: Rendina Antonella , Drongitis Denise , Donizetti Aldo , Fucci Laura , Milan Graziella , Tripodi Francesca , Giustezza Francesca , Postiglione Alfredo , Pappatà Sabina , Ferrari Raffaele , Bossù Paola , Angiolillo Antonella , di Costanzo Alfonso , Caiazzo Massimiliano , Vitale Emilia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins, which are predominantly expressed in immune cells, represent a family of immunomodulatory receptors with inhibitory and activating signals, in both healthy and disease states. Genetic factors are important in all forms of dementia, especially in early onset dementia. CD33 was recently recognized as a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we present a 2-generation family with 4 members, the father and the 3 siblings, characterized by an early form of unusual dementia exhibiting a behavioral variant close to behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia phenotype and severe forms of memory loss suggestive of AD. We analyzed the CD33 gene in this family and identified 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a linkage disequilibrium block associated with the disease. We also identified a tag SNP, rs2455069-A&gt;G, in CD33 exon 2 that could be involved with dementia risk. Additionally, we excluded the presence of C9orf72 expansion mutations and other mutations previously associated with sporadic FTD and AD. The tag SNP association was also analyzed in selected sporadic AD patients from the same Southern Italy region. We demonstrate that CD33 and SIGLECL1 have a significantly increased level of expression in these patients.
Expression of Mutant Ubiquitin and Proteostasis Impairment in Kii Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex Brains
Authors: Verheijen Bert M , Morimoto Satoru , Sasaki Ryogen , Oyanagi Kiyomitsu , Kokubo Yasumasa , Kuzuhara Shigeki , van Leeuwen Fred W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Kii amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is endemic to the Kii peninsula of Japan. The disorder is clinically characterized by a variable combination of parkinsonism, dementia, and motor neuron symptoms. Despite extensive investigations, the etiology and pathogenesis of ALS/PDC remain unclear. At the neuropathological level, Kii ALS/PDC is characterized by neuronal loss and tau-dominant polyproteinopathy. Here, we report the accumulation of several proteins involved in protein homeostasis pathways, that is, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagy-lysosome pathway, in postmortem brain tissue from a number of Kii ALS/PDC cases (n = 4). Of particular interest is the presence of a mutant ubiquitin protein (UBB+1), which is indicative of disrupted ubiquitin homeostasis. The findings suggest that abnormal protein aggregation is linked to impaired protein homeostasis pathways in Kii ALS/PDC.
The Multipotential of Leucine-Rich α-2 Glycoprotein 1 as a Clinicopathological Biomarker of Glioblastoma
Authors: Furuta Takuya , Sugita Yasuo , Komaki Satoru , Ohshima Koichi , Morioka Motohiro , Uchida Yasuo , Tachikawa Masanori , Ohtsuki Sumio , Terasaki Tetsuya , Nakada Mitsutoshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a diagnostic marker candidate for glioblastoma. Although LRG1 has been associated with angiogenesis, it has been suggested that its biomarker role differs depending on the type of tumor. In this study, a clinicopathological examination of LRG1’s role as a biomarker for glioblastoma was performed. We used tumor tissues of 155 cases with diffuse gliomas (27 astrocytomas, 14 oligodendrogliomas, 114 glioblastomas). The immunohistochemical LRG1 intensity scoring was classified into 2 groups: low expression and high expression. Mutations of IDH1, IDH2, and TERT promoter were analyzed through the Sanger method. We examined the relationship between LRG1 expression level in glioblastoma and clinical parameters, such as age, preoperative Karnofsky performance status, tumor location, extent of resection, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase promoter, and prognosis. LRG1 high expression rate was 41.2% in glioblastoma, 3.7% in astrocytoma, and 21.4% in oligodendroglioma. Glioblastoma showed a significantly higher LRG1 expression than lower-grade glioma (p = 0.0003). High expression of LRG1 was an independent favorable prognostic factor (p = 0.019) in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma and correlated with gross total resection (p = 0.002) and the tumor location on nonsubventricular zone (p = 0.00007). LRG1 demonstrated multiple potential as a diagnostic, prognostic, and regional biomarker for glioblastoma.
Species-specific responses to drought, salinity and their interactions in Populus euphratica and P. pruinosa seedlings
Authors: Yu Lei , Dong Haojie , Li Zhijun , Han Zhanjiang , Korpelainen Helena , Li Chunyang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Drought and salinity are severe abiotic stress factors, which limit plant growth and productivity, particularly in desert regions. In this study, we employed two desert poplars, Populus euphratica Oliver and Populus pruinosa Schrenk seedlings, to compare their tolerance to drought, salinity and combined stress.

Methods
We investigated species-specific responses of P. euphratica and P. pruinosa in growth, photosynthetic capacity and pigment contents, nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations, Cl− allocation, osmotic regulation and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under drought, salinity and the combined stress.

Important Findings
Populus pruinosa exhibited greater growth inhibitory effects, photosynthesis decline, stomatal closure and ROS accumulation, and lower antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic regulation compared with P. euphratica under drought, salinity and especially under their combined stress. On the other hand, salt-stressed P. euphratica plants restricted salt transportation from roots to leaves, and allocated more Cl− to coarse roots and less to leaves, whereas salt-stressed P. pruinosa allocated more Cl− to leaves. It was shown that there is species-specific variation in these two desert poplars, and P. pruinosa suffers greater negative effects compared with P. euphratica under drought, salinity and especially under the combined stress. Therefore, in ecological restoration and afforestation efforts, species-specific responses and tolerances of these two poplar species to drought and salinity should be considered under climate change with increasing drought and soil salinity developing.
Minimal incision superficialization of the brachial artery: a technical note
Authors: Kawatani Yohei , Oguri Atsushi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy recommends superficialization of the brachial artery (BA) for vascular access in patients with comorbidities. We describe a novel minimal incision superficialization surgery of a BA through a single small incision. A 78-year-old male, who underwent chronic hemodialysis through an arterio-venous fistula, was transferred to our hospital for treatment of heart failure. We chose superficialization of the right BA for new vascular access. Under tumescent local analgesia, though a single 2-cm long incision, the BA was superficialized for 10-cm long. To complete procedures in the narrow and deep space, vessel branches were ligated by vascular clip and knot-less barbed suture was applied for closure of the brachial fascia beneath the BA. The hemodynamic status during the hemodialysis improved and the New York Heat Association (NYHA) classification grade improved from IV to II. This technique can be an alternative for arterio-venous fistula in patients with comorbidities.