bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lacking transient receptor potential melastatin 2 attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced bladder inflammation and its associated hypersensitivity in mice
Authors: Kamei Jun , Aizawa Naoki , Nakagawa Takayuki , Kaneko Shuji , Fujimura Tetsuya , Homma Yukio , Kume Haruki , Igawa Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo study the role of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 in bladder function and inflammation‐associated hypersensitivity.MethodsWe evaluated physiological function of the bladder and intravesical lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory nociceptive responses in female wild‐type and transient receptor potential melastatin 2‐knockout mice. In vivo frequency/volume and decerebrated unanesthetized cystometry measurements, as well as in vitro detrusor strip functional studies, were carried out to evaluate bladder function. Mice received intravesical lipopolysaccharide (2.0 mg/mL) or saline instillation to evaluate responses to bladder inflammation. Voiding and bladder pain‐like behaviors, cystometry measurements and histological evaluation were carried out before and after intravesical lipopolysaccharide instillation.ResultsFew phenotypic differences in in vivo and in vitro physiological function were found between the two genotypes. Comparison of measurements taken before and 24–48 h after intravesical lipopolysaccharide instillation showed that voiding parameters did not change in transient receptor potential melastatin 2‐knockout mice, whereas an increased voiding frequency was observed in wild‐type mice. At 24 h after intravesical lipopolysaccharide instillation, the numbers of bladder pain‐like behaviors and of infiltrated inflammatory cells in the bladder submucosal layer were significantly increased, and the voided volume and the intercontraction interval were significantly decreased on cystometry measurements in wild‐type mice compared with those in both transient receptor potential melastatin 2‐knockout mice and in wild‐type mice treated with saline instillation.ConclusionsAlthough the physiological roles of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channels in the bladder might be limited, inflammation and associated hypersensitivity of the bladder caused by intravesical lipopolysaccharide instillation are attenuated in transient receptor potential melastatin 2‐knockout mice, suggesting pathophysiological roles of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channels in these processes.
Rosacea in acne vulgaris patients: Subtype distribution and triggers assessment—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen Haiyan , Lai Wei , Zheng Yue 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have reported that the incidence of acne combined with rosacea is increasing. However, the clinical feature and inducing factor of these two diseases co‐occurrence is remain unclear.AimsThis study aims to investigate the classification and severity of female patients combining with acne and rosacea.Patients/MethodsFemale patients with facial acne combined with rosacea, 15‐50 years old, were included from dermatology outpatient department from January 2019 to December 2019. The severity of acne was classified according to the Pillsbury grading system. Rosacea was diagnosed and classified according to the Standard issued by National Rosacea Society Expert Committee. Questionnaire was designed to collect the information of rosacea triggers from each patient.Results563 vulgaris acne combined with rosacea patients (mean age 23.2 ± 43), included 70.33% severe acne (n = 396), 15.81% moderate acne(n = 89), and 13.85% mild acne(n = 78), had finished the study. In severe acne group, 72.47% combine with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR), 22.47% combined with papulopustular rosacea (PPR), and 5.05% combine with phymatous rosacea (PHR). In moderate acne group, 53.93% combine with ETR, 43.82% combined with papulopustular rosacea (PPR), and 2.24% combine with PHR. All patients in moderate acne subject group was combined with ETR (100%). Patients that did not use skin care produces presented 12.79 times higher rate to combine with ETR than that frequently using skin care products (P = .014).ConclusionsErythema telangiectasia rosacea is the most common rosacea type in female acne patients. There is a need to be vigilant about the combination of sever/moderate acne and papulopustular rosacea. Rational daily use of skin care products can reduce the incidence of rosacea in acne patients. For acne patients without family history of rosacea, dermatologists should also not ignore the healthy education to avoid potential triggers of rosacea.
Prediction of oral intake recovery for inpatients with aspiration pneumonia by videoendoscopic evaluation using the Hyodo‐Komagane score in Japan
Authors: Kimura Masanori , Nakayama Enri , Ogawa Yusuke , Sato Mari , Inagawa Motoaki , Watanabe Mao , Sato Mitsuyasu , Naganuma Atsushi , Ogawa Tetsushi , Ueda Koichiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo verify the validity of the prediction of oral intake recovery for inpatients with aspiration pneumonia using the Hyodo‐Komagane score.BackgroundPatients admitted for treatment of aspiration pneumonia sometimes have difficulty in resuming oral intake due to decreased swallowing function. Predicting whether the swallowing function will recover enough to achieve oral ingestion at discharge is an important factor in developing a treatment strategy. No studies have investigated the prediction of oral intake recovery using videoendoscopic examination.MethodsSubjects were 65 patients who were admitted to an acute care hospital for the treatment of aspiration pneumonia. The patients were divided into two groups, the oral feeding group and the tube feeding group, according to their oral intake status at discharge or transfer. Logistic regression analysis was performed using the condition that tube feeding was not required as an objective variable and the items with significant differences between the two groups as explanatory variables. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to identify patients who could take food orally at discharge.ResultsThe odds ratios for the Hyodo‐Komagane score and the pharyngeal clearance score were 1.485 and 3.379, respectively. When the cut‐off values of the Hyodo‐Komagane score and the pharyngeal clearance score were 6 and 1, the sensitivity was 0.88 and 0.91, and the specificity was 0.64 and 0.70, respectively.ConclusionThe Hyodo‐Komagane score and especially the pharyngeal clearance score are useful indices to predict oral intake recovery for inpatients with aspiration pneumonia.
Melatonin action in Plasmodium infection: Searching for molecules that modulate the asexual cycle as a strategy to impair the parasite cycle
Authors: Pereira Pedro H. S. , Garcia Celia R. S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHalf of the world's population lives in countries at risk of malaria infection, which results in approximately 450,000 deaths annually. Malaria parasites infect erythrocytes in a coordinated manner, with cycle durations in multiples of 24 hours, which reflects a behavior consistent with the host's circadian cycle. Interference in cycle coordination can help the immune system to naturally fight infection. Consequently, there is a search for new drugs that interfere with the cycle duration for combined treatment with conventional antimalarials. Melatonin appears to be a key host hormone responsible for regulating circadian behavior in the parasite cycle. In addition to host factors, there are still unknown factors intrinsic to the parasite that control the cycle duration. In this review, we present a series of reports of indole compounds and melatonin derivatives with antimalarial activity that were tested on several species of Plasmodium to evaluate the cytotoxicity to parasites and human cells, in addition to the ability to interfere with the development of the erythrocytic cycle. Most of the reported compounds had an IC50 value in the low micromolar range, without any toxicity to human cells. Triptosil, an indole derivative of melatonin, was able to inhibit the effect of melatonin in vitro without causing changes to the parasitemia. The wide variety of tested compounds indicates that it is possible to develop a compound capable of safely eliminating parasites from the host and interfering with the life cycle, which is promising for the development of new combined therapies against malaria.
The interaction of neonatal abstinence syndrome and opioid use disorder treatment availability for women insured by medicaid
Authors: Reising Virginia A. , Horne Ashley , Bennett Amanda C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis paper will discuss the process of mapping opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment resources for pregnant women and discuss the intersection between treatment resources and rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).DesignA resource manual was developed through a systematic process with stakeholders across Illinois. Resources were mapped by county and overlaid with county rates of NAS, using hospital discharge data.ResultsAcross Illinois, 89 treatment resources were identified for pregnant women insured by Medicaid. Resources were concentrated in 36% of Illinois’ counties. Counties with limited treatment resources generally had high rates of NAS. Sixty‐six percent of NAS cases among rural Illinois residents had no OUD treatment resources in their county. Rural counties had less access to medication‐assisted treatment (MAT), the standard of care for treatment of OUD, compared with other counties across the state.ConclusionsEfforts to increase OUD treatment options for pregnant women insured by Medicaid should concentrate on geographic areas with limited access and high need.
Stearic acid attenuates profibrotic signalling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kim Hak‐Su , Yoo Hyun Ju , Lee Kwang Min , Song Ha Eun , Kim Su Jung , Lee Jae Ok , Hwang Jung Jin , Song Jin Woo 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveLipid metabolism dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IPF; however, the roles of most lipid metabolites in lung fibrosis remain unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to identify changes in lipid metabolites in the lung tissues of IPF patients and determine their roles in pulmonary fibrosis.MethodsFree fatty acids in the lung tissues of IPF patients and controls were quantified using a metabolomic approach. The roles of free fatty acids in fibroblasts or epithelial cells treated with TGF‐β1 were evaluated using fibrotic markers. The antifibrotic role of stearic acid was also assessed in a bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis mouse model. Protein levels in cell lysates or tissues were measured by western blotting.ResultsThe levels of stearic acid were lower in IPF lung tissues than in control lung tissues. Stearic acid significantly reduced TGF‐β1‐induced α‐SMA and collagen type 1 expression in MRC‐5 cells. Furthermore, stearic acid decreased the levels of p‐Smad2/3 and ROS in MRC‐5 cells treated with TGF‐β1 and disrupted TGF‐β1‐induced EMT in Beas‐2B cells. Stearic acid reduced the levels of bleomycin‐induced hydroxyproline in a mouse model.ConclusionChanges in the free fatty acid profile, including low levels of stearic acid, were observed in IPF patients. Stearic acid may exert antifibrotic activity by regulating profibrotic signalling.
Effect of an Azimuthal Mean Flow on the Structure and Stability of Thermoacoustic Modes in an Annular Combustor Model With Electroacoustic Feedback
Authors: Humbert Sylvain C. , Moeck Jonas P. , Orchini Alessandro , Paschereit Christian Oliver 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Thermoacoustic oscillations in axisymmetric annular combustors are generally coupled by degenerate azimuthal modes, which can be of standing or spinning nature. Symmetry breaking due to the presence of a mean azimuthal flow splits the degenerate thermoacoustic eigenvalues, resulting in pairs of counter-spinning modes with close but distinct frequencies and growth rates. In this study, experiments have been performed using an annular system where the thermoacoustic feedback due to the flames is mimicked by twelve identical electro-acoustic feedback loops. The mean azimuthal flow is generated by fans. We investigate the standing/spinning nature of the oscillations as a function of the azimuthal Mach number for two types of initial states and how the stability of the system is affected by the mean azimuthal flow. It is found that spinning, standing, or mixed modes can be encountered at very low Mach number, but increasing the mean velocity promotes one spinning direction. At sufficiently high Mach number, only spinning modes are observed in the limit cycle oscillations. In some cases, the initial conditions have a significant impact on the final state of the system. It is found that the presence of a mean azimuthal flow increases the acoustic damping. This has a beneficial effect on stability: it often reduces the amplitude of the self-sustained oscillations, and can even suppress them in some cases. However, we observe that the suppression of a mode due to the mean flow may destabilize another one. We discuss our findings in relation to an existing low-order model.
NASA's Role in Gas Turbine Technology Development: Accelerating Technical Progress Via Collaboration Between Academia, Industry, and Government Agencies
Authors: Suder Kenneth L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Given the maturity of the gas turbine engine since its invention and considering the limited resources expected to be allocated for NASA aeronautics research and development, we ask the question are NASA technology investments still needed to enable future turbine engine-based propulsion systems? If so, what is NASA's unique role to justify NASA's investment? To address this topic, we first summarize NASA's role and contributions to turbine engine development, specific to both (1) NASA's role in conducting experiments to understand flow physics and provide relevant benchmark validation experiments for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code development, validation, and assessment and (2) the impact of technologies resulting from NASA collaborations with industry, academia, and other government agencies. Note that the scope of the discussion is limited to the NASA technology contributions with which the author was intimately associated and does not represent the entirety of the NASA contributions to turbine engine technology. The specific research, development, and demonstrations discussed herein were selected to both (1) provide a comprehensive review and reference list of the technology and its impact and (2) identify NASA's unique role and highlight how NASA's involvement resulted in additional benefit to the gas turbine engine community. Second, we will discuss current NASA collaborations that are in progress and provide a status of the results. Finally, we discuss the challenges anticipated for future turbine engine-based propulsion systems for civil aviation and identify potential opportunities for collaboration where NASA involvement would be beneficial.
Pre-impaired fasting glucose state is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction: Flow-mediated Dilation Japan (FMD-J) study
Authors: Yamaji Takayuki , Harada Takahiro , Hashimoto Yu , Takaeko Yuji , Kajikawa Masato , Kihara Yasuki , Hida Eisuke , Chayama Kazuaki , Goto Chikara , Han Yiming , Yusoff Farina Mohamad , Kishimoto Shinji , Maruhashi Tatsuya , Nakashima Ayumu , Higashi Yukihito 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is associated with endothelial dysfunction. However, there is little information on the relationships of fasting blood glucose (FBG), including high normal blood glucose and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) with endothelial function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between FBG level and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) using a large sample size.Research design and methodsThis study was a cross-sectional study. We measured FMD in 7265 subjects at 31 general hospitals. The subjects were divided into four groups based on FBG levels: <100, 100–109, 110–125, and ≥126 mg/dL or known diabetes. The subjects were also divided into six groups based on FBG levels: <90, 90–94, 95–99, 100–109, 110–125, and ≥126 mg/dL or known diabetes.ResultsFMD decreased in relation to increase in FBG level. There was a significant difference in FMD between the FBG of <100 mg/dL group and the other three groups (6.7±3.1% vs 5.9±2.8%, 5.7±3.1%, and 5.1±2.6%, respectively; p<0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, the odds of having the lowest quartile of FMD were significantly higher in the FBG of 95–99, 100–104, 105–109, 110–125, and ≥126 mg/dL or known diabetes groups than in the FBG of the <90 mg/dL group.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that FBG of 100–109 mg/dL and FBG of 110–125 mg/dL are similarly associated with endothelial dysfunction and that a pre-IFG state (FBG of 95–99 mg/dL) is also a risk for endothelial dysfunction compared with FBG of <90 mg/dL.Trial registration numberUMIN000012950, UMIN000012951, UMIN000012952, and UMIN000003409.
Long-term outcomes for children with disability and severe acute malnutrition in Malawi
Authors: Lelijveld Natasha , Groce Nora , Patel Seema , Nnensa Theresa , Chimwezi Emmanuel , Gladstone Melissa , Mallewa Macpherson , Wells Jonathan , Seal Andrew , Kerac Marko 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionSevere acute malnutrition (SAM) and disability are major global health issues. Although they can cause and influence each other, data on their co-existence are sparse. We aimed to describe the prevalence and patterns of disability among a cohort of children with SAM.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study in Malawi followed SAM survivors up to 7 years postdischarge. Clinical and anthropometric profiles were compared with sibling and community controls. Disability at original admission was identified clinically; at 7-year follow-up a standardised screening tool called ‘the Washington Group Questionnaire’ was used.Results60/938 (6.4%) of admissions to SAM treatment had clinically obvious disability at admission. Post-treatment mortality was high, with only 11/60 (18%) surviving till 7-year follow-up. SAM children with a disability at admission had 6.99 (95% CI 3.49 to 14.02; p<0.001) greater risk of dying compared with children without disability. They were also older, less likely to be HIV positive or have oedema and more severely malnourished. Long-term survivors were more stunted, had less catch-up growth, smaller head circumference, weaker hand grip strength and poorer school achievement than non-disabled survivors.The Washington Group Questionnaire confirmed disability in all who had been identified clinically, and identified many who had not been previously flagged.ConclusionDisability is common among children affected by SAM. Those with disability-associated SAM have greatly increased risk of dying even if they survive the initial episode of malnutrition. Survivors have poorer growth, physical strength and school achievement. To enable all children to survive and thrive post-SAM, it is vital to focus more on those with disabilities. SAM treatment programmes should consider using not just clinical assessment but structured assessments to better identify at-risk individuals as well as understand the population of children for which they are developing services.
Magnitude, temporal trends and inequality in global burden of tracheal, bronchus and lung cancer: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Wang Zhaojun , Hu Liu , Li Jin , Wei Li , Zhang Junhang , Zhou Jun 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionWe aimed to assess the magnitude, temporal trends and socioeconomic disparity in the global burden of tracheal, bronchus and lung (TBL) from 1990 to 2017, using data extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases study (GBD 2017).MethodsWe extracted data from the GBD 2017 study. A series of comparative and descriptive analyses of the disease burden between females and males and countries with different socioeconomic development statuses (Social Demographic Index, SDI). We also analysed the temporal trends of age-standardised disability-adjusted life year rates (ASDR) of TBL cancer at the global and super-regional level by means of joinpoint regression. Finally, we also calculated Concentration Index to explore trends of between-country inequality in cancer burden from 1990 to 2017.ResultsDuring the past 27 years, the global incidence of TBL cancer cases and death cases has increased by 100% and 82.3% respectively, but the increase number was mainly influenced by population growth and ageing. After adjustment, from 1990 to 2017, the ASDR of TBL has increased by 3% and the age-standardised death rate has decreased by 7%. The global TBL cancer burden fell by 15.3%. The joinpoint analysis revealed that the overall trend of age-standardised TBL cancer burden for both females and males significantly changed twice between 1990 and 2017, and it varied across countries with different SDI values and was also different between females and males. Age-standardised TBL cancer burden was more concentrated in higher socioeconomic development countries, but the development of healthy inequality showed a downward trend in males while showing an upward trend in females.ConclusionThe magnitude and temporal trends of TBL cancer burden varied across countries and sex. This study highlighted the importance of crafting health policy to adapt to local conditions to manage the global burden of TBL cancers.
Stringent containment measures without complete city lockdown to achieve low incidence and mortality across two waves of COVID-19 in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Martin C S , Ng Rita W Y , Chong Ka Chun , Lai Christopher K C , Huang Junjie , Chen Zigui , Boon Siaw S , Chan Paul K S 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionAn international city, Hong Kong, in proximity to the first epicentre of COVID- 19, experienced two epidemic waves with different importation pressure. We compared the epidemiological features of patients with COVID-19 in the context of containment policies between the first and second waves.MethodsWe retrieved information on the first 1038 cases detected in Hong Kong (23 January to 25 April 2020) to analyse the epidemiological characteristics including age/gender-specific incidence, clustering, reproduction number (Rt) and containment delay; in relation to the containment measures implemented. Factors associated with containment delay were evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis with age, gender, epidemic wave and infection source as covariates. A time series of 5-day moving average was plotted to examine the changes across the two epidemic waves.ResultsThe incidence and mortality (135.5 and 0.5 per 1 000 000 population) was among the lowest in the world. Aggressive escalation of border control correlated with reductions inRtfrom 1.35 to 0.57 and 0.92 to 0.18, and aversions of 450 and 1650 local infections during the first and second waves, respectively. Implementing COVID-19 tests for overseas returners correlated with an upsurge of asymptomatic case detection, and shortened containment delay in the second wave. Medium-sized cluster events in the first wave were family gatherings, whereas those in the second wave were leisure activities among youngsters. Containment delay was associated with older age (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.01, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.02, p=0.040), male gender (AOR=1.41, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.96, p=0.039) and local cases (AOR=11.18, 95% CI 7.43 to 16.83, p<0.001), and with significant improvement in the second wave compared with the first wave (average: 6.8 vs 3.7 days). A higher incidence rate was observed for males, raising possibility of gender predilection in susceptibility of developing symptoms.ConclusionPrompt and stringent all-round containment strategies represent successful measures in pandemic control. These findings could inform formulation and implementation of pandemic mitigation strategies.