bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Virtual Reality on evoked potentials following painful electrical stimuli and subjective pain
Authors: Lier E. J. , Oosterman J. M. , Assmann R. , de Vries M. , van Goor H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground: Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to reduce pain, however outcome parameters of previous studies have primarily been of a subjective nature and susceptible to bias. This study investigated the effect of VR on cortical processing of evoked potentials (EPs) and subjectively reported pain. Additionally, we explored whether subjects’ demographic and personal characteristics modulated the effect of VR analgesia. Methods: Three VR conditions were compared in a randomized cross-over study of 30 healthy volunteers: Passive VR (i.e. no interaction possible with the virtual world), active VR (interactive virtual environment) and no VR (black screen). Subjects received noxious electrical stimuli at random intervals during all conditions. EPs, recorded at Cz, were extracted time locked to stimuli. Pain scores were reported after each condition. Results: Active VR significantly decreased pain scores and amplitudes of N1 and P3. Passive VR had no analgesic effect. Age was significantly correlated to pain scores, with older subjects demonstrating larger effects of VR. Gender, game experience, and susceptibility for immersion, did not influence VR analgesia. Conclusion: Active VR decreases pre-perceptual and perceptual brain activity following painful electrical stimuli, corresponding with reduced pain experience. VR has potential to serve as a non-pharmacologic treatment for pain, particularly in elderly patients.
Biased dispersal can explain fast human range expansions
Authors: Fort Joaquim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSome human fronts spread faster than expected by models based on dispersal and reproduction. The only explanation proposed so far assumes that some autochthonous individuals are incorporated by the expanding populations, leading to faster front speeds. Here we show that simple models without this effect are also consistent with the observed speeds of two fronts (a Khoi-khoi expansion of herders and a Bantu expansion of farmers), provided that the dispersal of individuals is biased (i.e., more probable) in directions closer to the front propagation direction. The physical models presented may also be applied to other kinds of social phenomena, including innovation diffusion, rumor propagation, linguistic fronts, epidemic spread, diffusion in economic space and the evolution of cooperation in spatial systems. They can be also adapted to non-human systems with biased dispersal, including biological invasions, cancer tumors and virus treatment of tumors.
Decreased cytotoxic T cells and TCR clonality in organ transplant recipients with squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Frazzette Nicholas , Khodadadi-Jamayran Alireza , Doudican Nicole , Santana Alexis , Felsen Diane , Pavlick Anna C. , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Carucci John A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractT-cell landscape differences between cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tumors in immune competent (SCC in IC) and immunocompromised organ transplant recipients (TSCC in OTR) are unclear. We developed an analytical method to define tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) phenotype in cSCC from immune competent and immune suppressed patients using single-cell TCR sequencing and gene expression data. TSCC exhibits reduced proportions of cytotoxic and naïve TILs and similar numbers of regulatory TILs. Fewer, more heterogeneous TCR clonotypes are observed in TIL from OTR. Most TCR sequences for top ten clonotypes correspond to known antigens, while 24% correspond to putative neoantigens. OTR show increased cSCC events over 12 months possibly due to reduced cytotoxic T-cells. Our novel method of barcoding CD8+ T-cells is the first providing gene expression and TCR sequences in cSCC. Knowledge regarding putative antigens recognized by TCRs with phenotypic function of T-cells bearing those TCRs could facilitate personalized cSCC treatments.
Identification of a frame shift mutation in the CCDC151 gene in a Han-Chinese family with Kartagener syndrome
Authors: Deng Sheng , Wu Shan , Xia Hong , Xiong Wei , Deng Xiong , Liao Junxi , Deng Hao , Yuan Lamei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Kartagener syndrome (KS), a subtype of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), is characterized by bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, male infertility and situs inversus. KS is a genetically heterogeneous disease that is inherited in an autosomal recessive form; however, X-linked inheritance has also been reported. As of this writing [late 2020], at least 34 loci, most of which have known genes, have been reported in the literature as associating with KS. In the present study, we identified a frame shift mutation, c.167delG (p.G56Dfs*26), in the coiled-coil domain containing 151 gene (CCDC151) responsible for KS in a Han-Chinese family. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a CCDC151 c.167delG mutation in the KS patient. These findings may expand the CCDC151 mutation spectrum of KS, and contribute to future genetic counseling and gene-targeted therapy for this disease.
DAPT, a potent Notch inhibitor regresses actively growing abdominal aortic aneurysm via divergent pathways
Authors: Hans Chetan P. , Sharma Neekun , Dev Rishabh , Blain Jones M. , Tonniges Jeff , Agarwal Gunjan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized pathological dilation of the aorta exceeding the normal diameter (∼20 mm) by more than 50% of its original size (≥30 mm), accounting for approximately 150000–200000 deaths worldwide per year. We previously reported that Notch inhibition does not decrease the size of pre-established AAA at late stage of the disease. Here, we examined whether a potent pharmacologic inhibitor of Notch signaling (DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester)), regresses an actively growing AAA. In a mouse model of an aneurysm (Apoe−/− mice; n=44); DAPT (n=17) or vehicle (n=17) was randomly administered at day 14 of angiotensin II (AngII; 1 µg/min/kg), three times a week and mice were killed on day 42. Progressive increase in aortic stiffness and maximal intraluminal diameter (MILD) was observed in the AngII + vehicle group, which was significantly prevented by DAPT (P&lt;0.01). The regression of aneurysm with DAPT was associated with reduced F4/80+Cd68+ (cluster of differentiation 68) inflammatory macrophages. DAPT improved structural integrity of aorta by reducing collagen fibrils abnormality and restoring their diameter. Mechanistically, C–C chemokine receptor type 7 (Ccr7)+F4/80− dendritic cells (DCs), implicated in the regression of aneurysm, were increased in the aorta of DAPT-treated mice. In the macrophages stimulated with AngII or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), DAPT reverted the expression of pro-inflammatory genes Il6 and Il12 back to baseline within 6 h compared with vehicle (P&lt;0.05). DAPT also significantly increased the expression of anti-inflammatory genes, including c-Myc, Egr2, and Arg1 at 12–24 h in the LPS-stimulated macrophages (P&lt;0.05). Overall, these regressive effects of Notch signaling inhibitor emphasize its therapeutic implications to prevent the progression of active AAAs.
Diagnostik und Therapie der Osteoporose bei geriatrischen Patienten
Authors: Tsourdi Elena , Nees Josef A. , Hofbauer Lorenz C. 
Published: June 2020

Was ist neu?
Epidemiologie Aufgrund der demografischen Entwicklung wird eine steigende Prävalenz osteoporotischer Frakturen und demzufolge ein höherer Versorgungsbedarf erwartet. Trotz der Häufigkeit osteoporotischer Frakturen (ca. 765 000 Fragilitätsfrakturen pro Jahr in Deutschland) und zahlreicher Therapieoptionen erhalten in den meisten Ländern, einschließlich Deutschland, nur etwa 10 % aller Patienten eine leitliniengerechte Behandlung.
Diagnostik der Osteoporose Zur Einschätzung des Frakturrisikos ist neben der Messung der Knochendichte die Beurteilung des Sturzrisikos von entscheidender Bedeutung. Ein problemorientiertes geriatrisches Assessment zur Abschätzung des Sturzrisikos sollte neben Muskelkraft, Gehgeschwindigkeit und Ernährungszustand auch die psychische und kognitive Situation umfassen. Bei Frauen über 70 Jahren und Männern über 80 Jahren ist das Alter per se der dominierende Risikofaktor für eine Fraktur. Insbesondere nach osteoporotischen hüftnahen Femurfrakturen kann hier von einer Messung der Knochendichte abgesehen werden.
Therapie Bewegung kombiniert mit gezieltem Training von Kraft, Ausdauer, Koordination und Balance sind neben einem allgemein gesunden und aktiven Lebensstil Grundpfeiler einer effektiven Sturz- und Frakturprävention. Eine ausreichende Versorgung mit Kalzium und Vitamin D sollte vor dem Einsatz spezifischer Osteoporose-Medikamente garantiert sein. Die zugelassenen Osteoporose-Medikamente sind gut verträglich und reduzieren auch bei geriatrischen Patienten das Frakturrisiko. Die Therapie der Osteoporose beim geriatrischen Patienten ist immer eine individualisierte Therapie.
Konsequenz für den klinischen Alltag Eine effektive Osteoporose-Therapie in der Geriatrie erfordert einen ganzheitlichen, interdisziplinären Ansatz.
Normative Rugby Data of the SARTS Tests: Comparison of Elite and
School Players
Authors: Olds Margie , Gadkari Pradnya , Adams Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the normative data for the SARTS rugby tests in elite
and schoolboy rugby players. A second aim was to examine differences between
level of sport and position of play in the SARTS rugby tests. Elite (N =
57) and Schoolboy (N = 63) rugby players performed the SARTS tests
relevant to rugby players each for 1 min, with 1–2 min
rest between each test. A 2×2 factorial ANOVA was used to assess for the
main effect of player position and player level of play. Results showed that
elite players performed more Ball Abduction External Rotation (BABER) (dominant
and non-dominant), Side Hold Rotations (dominant and non-dominant), Ball Taps
(dominant and non-dominant), and Overhead Snatch than schoolboy players. Heavier
players performed fewer Push-up Claps. Injured rugby players should perform at
least the mean value of the repetitions of the SARTS tests before returning to
contact training after an injury.
Side Differences Regarding the Limb Symmetry Index in Healthy
Professional Athletes
Authors: Lambert Christophe , Pfeiffer Thomas , Lambert Maxime , Brozat Benedikt , Lachmann Daniel , Shafizadeh Sven , Akoto Ralph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSide differences in the limb symmetry index during hop tests have been rarely
investigated in uninjured athletes. Unknown differences can result in false
interpretation of hop tests and affect return to sport decision. Hypothesis was
that un-injured athletes in Judo and Taekwondo have side differences in hop test
and that asymmetries can be predicted based on the athletes fighting display.
Differences, risk relationships were analyzed using the chi-squared test and the
odds ratio. A two-tailed p value of<0.05 was considered statistically
significant. 115 athletes from the national teams were included (mean age 18.4
years; range 13–27 years). 93, 97.4 and 98.3% did not have
symmetric hop distance for three hop tests. Up to a quarter did not reach a limb
symmetry index of>90. Moreover, 57.4% (n=66) reached
longer jumping distance with the standing leg. Ignoring such pre-existent side
differences in evaluation of hop tests and not knowing which limb was dominant
prior the injury, can lead to premature or delayed return to sports in the
rehabilitation process. Therefore, it might be helpful to refer to individual
jump lengths for each limb in case of injury by using hop tests in pre-season
screening in professional athletes in Judo and Taekwondo.
Leadership in the Setting of the Operating Room Surgical Team
Authors: Arnold David , Fleshman James W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLeadership in the operating room requires the ability to adopt different styles under specific circumstances. Transformational leadership grows the team. The style used to guide the team can vary; coercive, visionary, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting, and coaching are all important styles in team leadership. The ability to adapt to different needs in the operating room by using the appropriate style is leadership.
Types of Leadership and How to Use Them in Surgical Areas
Authors: Onaca Nicholas , Fleshman James W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSurgery is a very complex, changing, and, sometimes, threatening environment. Emotional intelligence is a key skill for surgical leaders. Authoritarian, hierarchical, transactional, transformational, adaptive, situational, and servant–shepherd leadership can all be used in surgical leadership. Patient care must be the priority for surgical leaders.
Treatment of Chylothorax after Lung Resection: Indications, Timing, and Outcomes
Authors: Petrella Francesco , Casiraghi Monica , Radice Davide , Bertolaccini Luca , Spaggiari Lorenzo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground Chylothorax following pulmonary resection and lymphadenectomy for cancer is a potential severe complication in thoracic surgery. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of the nonsurgical approach as well as the need for reoperation after conservative approach failure.Methods Chylothorax was diagnosed when chylous leakage from the chest drainage was observed and confirmed by the presence of triglycerides in the pleural fluid. We initially treated all the patients conservatively with complete oral intake cessation and total parenteral nutrition; if drainage output remained more than 800 mL/d after the first 5 days or major pleural effusion was observed at chest X-ray after chest tube removal, surgical treatment of chylothorax was indicated.Results Between January 1998 and December 2018, 5,072 patients underwent standard anatomical resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection for cancer at our institution. Among them, 30 patients (0.6%) developed chylothorax: 20 patients were effectively treated only by nil per os and low-fat diet, while 10 patients (33.3%) required surgical treatment. Mean age was 63 years; there were 24 male patients (80%); right-sided chylothorax was more frequent than left-sided chylothorax (22 vs. 8, respectively) although not statistically significant (p = 0.38); the only factor that seems to influence the need for reoperation is chylothorax flow rate during conservative treatment (p = 0.06).Conclusion Conservative treatment is effective in the case of low flow-rate chylothorax (< 800 mL/d); in the case of a higher flow rate, surgical exploration is needed and thoracic duct ligation—with or without lymphatic sites clipping—provides definitive lymphostasis.
Self-assembled plasmonics for angle-independent structural color displays with actively addressed black states
Authors: Franklin Daniel , He Ziqian , Mastranzo Ortega Pamela , Safaei Alireza , Cencillo-Abad Pablo , Wu Shin-Tson , Chanda Debashis 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Functional nanomaterials will enable the next generation of displays, detectors, and photovoltaic devices by interacting with light at subwavelength length scales. However, performance and practical integration with current electronic systems remain a scientific and engineering challenge. Here, we report the wafer-scale self-assembly/growth of nanoparticles which reproduce the cyan, magenta, and yellow color space. We explore the physics of the optical resonances and the advantageous properties they manifest for color filter technology, such as angle insensitivity and high saturation. The versatile formation process then enables integration with commercial devices to realize a hybrid, nanoparticle–liquid crystal reflective display.
Major crops.
Authors: Wehner Todd C. , Naegele Rachel P. , Myers James R. , Dhillon Narinder P. S. , Crosby Kevin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

This chapter focuses on botany, origin and history, uses, cultivars and breeding, genetic diversity, nomenclature, classification, and species description of cucumbers, melons, squash, pumpkins, watermelons and their related species.
Minor crops.
Authors: Wehner Todd C. , Naegele Rachel P. , Myers James R. , Dhillon Narinder P. S. , Crosby Kevin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the cultivation and uses of minor crops such as Benincasa hispida, Coccinia grandis, Cucumis anguria, C. metuliferus, C. setosus, Cucurbita foetidissima, Cyclanthera pedata var. edulis, Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa spp., Momordica angustisepala and M. cymbalaria, M. balsamina, M. charantia, M. cochinchinensis, M. dioica, Praecitrullus fistulosus, Sechium edule, Sicana odorifera, Telfairia spp. and Trichosanthes spp. These cucurbits are primarily cultivated by smallholder farmers in Asia and are often part of home, school and community gardens.
Cucurbits for human health.
Authors: Wehner Todd C. , Naegele Rachel P. , Myers James R. , Dhillon Narinder P. S. , Crosby Kevin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Cucurbit fruits are comparable in nutrient content to other fruits and vegetables and are exceptional for high pro-vitamin A content of some cultivars of squash and melon, and the abundant oil and protein in seeds of Telfairia, Cucurbita and other cucurbits. Cucurbits are a good source of carbohydrates and play a significant role in human nutrition, especially in tropical countries where their consumption is high. This chapter describes the contents of moisture, solids, carbohydrates, proteins, oils, vitamins, minerals and secondary compounds (such as carotenoids, citrulline, flavonoids and phenolic acids), as well as toxic and potentially therapeutic compounds, of cucurbit fruits. Tabulated data are provided on nutritional composition of raw and processed cucurbits, and of cucurbit seeds, flowers and leaves. Each table is divided into: (a) major components (moisture, calories, protein, lipids, fatty acids and minerals); and (b) vitamins and carotenoids.
Insects and spider mites.
Authors: Wehner Todd C. , Naegele Rachel P. , Myers James R. , Dhillon Narinder P. S. , Crosby Kevin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Insects are often a major obstacle to the successful production of cucurbits. They can severely reduce yield, injure or kill plants, spread disease and adversely affect fruit quality. Spider mites can also be a problem, particularly with glasshouse cucumbers. Integrated pest management requires an understanding of the biology and life history of the living organisms that interact with cucurbits. Management begins with cultural control methods, such as crop rotation, deep ploughing of crop residues, control of alternative hosts (i.e. weeds) and the use of trap crops. Cultural and physical controls alone are rarely sufficient for cucurbit pest management. Foliar application of chemicals is the most common means of controlling insects and mites in the field and aerial fumigation is also used in the glasshouse. Soil fumigation, although expensive, can eradicate soilborne pests. Beneficial insects are also employed for biological management. Breeding cucurbits for insect and mite resistance has great potential, but has not progressed nearly as far as breeding for disease resistance. This chapter describes insect and mite pests of cucurbits, and their control.
Neural networks-based regularization for large-scale medical image reconstruction
Authors: Kofler A , Haltmeier M , Schaeffter T , Kachelrieß M , Dewey M , Wald C , Kolbitsch C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present a generalized Deep Learning-based approach for solving ill-posed large-scale inverse problems occuring in medical image reconstruction. Recently, Deep Learning methods using iterative neural networks (NNs) and cascaded NNs have been reported to achieve state-of-the-art results with respect to various quantitative quality measures as PSNR, NRMSE and SSIM across different imaging modalities. However, the fact that these approaches employ the application of the forward and adjoint operators repeatedly in the network architecture requires the network to process the whole images or volumes at once, which for some applications is computationally infeasible. In this work, we follow a different reconstruction strategy by strictly separating the application of the NN, the regularization of the solution and the consistency with the measured data. The regularization is given in the form of an image prior obtained by the output of a previously trained NN which is used in a Tikhonov regularization framework. By doing so, more complex and sophisticated network architectures can be used for the removal of the artefacts or noise than it is usually the case in iterative NNs. Due to the large scale of the considered problems and the resulting computational complexity of the employed networks, the priors are obtained by processing the images or volumes as patches or slices. We evaluated the method for the cases of 3D cone-beam low dose CT and undersampled 2D radial cine MRI and compared it to a total variation-minimization-based reconstruction algorithm as well as to a method with regularization based on learned overcomplete dictionaries. The proposed method outperformed all the reported methods with respect to all chosen quantitative measures and further accelerates the regularization step in the reconstruction by several orders of magnitude.
Anisotropic monoblock model for computing AC loss in partially coupled Roebel cables
Authors: Otten Simon , Kario Anna , Demenčik Eduard , Nast Rainer , Grilli Francesco 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
When exposed to time-dependent magnetic fields, REBCO Roebel cables generate AC loss resulting from both magnetic hysteresis and induced inter-strand coupling currents. Until now, the AC loss has been computed in a two-dimensional approximation assuming fully coupled or decoupled strands, and a finite inter-strand resistance could be simulated only with three-dimensional models. In this work, we propose a homogenization procedure that reduces the three-dimensional geometry of the Roebel cable to two dimensions, without ignoring connections between the strands. The homogenized cable consists of two parallel ‘monoblocks’ with an anisotropic resistivity. The proposed model enables computation of AC coupling loss without the need for complex three-dimensional simulations. For experimental validation, a Roebel cable with soldered strands was prepared. The inter-strand resistance was determined by applying a transverse current and measuring the voltage profile. Additionally, the AC magnetization loss of the cable was measured in fields of 1 to 50 mT with frequencies of 1 to 2048 Hz using a calibration-free technique. With the measured inter-strand resistance as input parameter, the monoblock model gives a good estimate for the AC loss, even for conditions in which the coupling loss is dominant.
Topological phase transition from T-carbon to bct-C16
Authors: Ding Xian-Yong , Zhang Chao , Gan Li-Yong , Cao Yu , Chen Lei-Lei , Wang Rui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The realization of nontrivial fermions in three-dimensional carbon allotropes greatly facilitates topological applications in carbon based-materials. In this work, we find a topological phase transition from T-carbon to bct-C16 based on first principles calculations. After carrying out a heating or a doping process on T-carbon, a new carbon phase termed bct-C16 is obtained. The potential energy and the crystal orbital Hamilton population confirm the phase transition process, respectively. Importantly, we also investigate the quantized Berry phase and drumhead surfaces states, confirming the topological nodal line semimetallic features of bct-C16. Due to the extremely weak spin–orbital coupling effect in carbon, the nodal ring in bct-C16 can be guaranteed to be nearly intact. This work not only provides two methods to obtain the carbon phase bct-C16, but also an avenue for bct-C16 to observe nontrivial fermions.