bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score for the prediction of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome in the Lebanese University.
Authors: Abdallah Maher , SHARBAJI Safa , SHARBAJI Marwa , DAHER Zeina , FAOUR Tarek , MANSOUR Zeinab , HNEINO Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Risk scores were mainly proved to predict undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (UT2DM) in a non-invasive manner and to guide earlier clinical treatment. The objective of the present study was to assess the performance of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) for detecting three outcomes: UT2DM, prediabetes, and the metabolic syndrome (MS).Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study during which employees aged between 30 and 64, with no known diabetes and working within the faculties of the Lebanese University (LU) were conveniently recruited. Participants completed the FINDRISC questionnaire and their glucose levels were examined using both fasting blood glucose (FBG) and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). Furthermore, they underwent lipid profile tests with anthropometry.Results: Of 713 subjects, 397 subjects (55.2% female; 44.8% male) completed the blood tests and thus were considered as the sample population. 7.6% had UT2DM, 22.9% prediabetes and 35.8% had MS, where men had higher prevalence than women for these 3 outcomes (P = 0.001, P = 0.003 and P = 0.001) respectively. The AUROC value with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for detecting UT2DM was 0.795 (0.822 in men and 0.725 in women), 0.621(0.648 in men and 0.59 in women) for prediabetes and 0.710 (0.734 in men and 0.705 in women) for MS. The correspondent optimal cut-off point for UT2DM was 11.5 (sensitivity = 83.3% and specificity = 61.3%), 9.5 for prediabetes (sensitivity = 73.6% and specificity = 43.1%) and 10.5 (sensitivity = 69.7%; specificity = 56.5%) for MS.Conclusion: The FINDRISC can be considered a simple, quick, inexpensive, and non-invasive instrument to use in a Lebanese community of working people who are unaware of their health status and who usually report being extremely busy because of their daily hectic work for the screening of UT2DM and MS. However, it poorly screens for prediabetes in this context.
A multiscale 3D chemotaxis assay reveals bacterial navigation mechanisms
Authors: Grognot Marianne , Taute Katja 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
How motile bacteria navigate environmental chemical gradients has implications ranging from health to climate science, but the underlying behavioral mechanisms are unknown for most species. The well-studied navigation strategy of Escherichia coli forms a powerful paradigm that is widely assumed to translate to other bacterial species. This assumption is rarely tested because of a lack of techniques capable of bridging scales from individual navigation behavior to the resulting population-level chemotactic performance.
Here, we present such a multiscale 3D chemotaxis assay by combining high-throughput 3D bacterial tracking with microfluidically created chemical gradients. Large datasets of 3D trajectories yield the statistical power required to assess chemotactic performance at the population level, while simultaneously resolving the underlying 3D navigation behavior for every individual. We demonstrate that surface effects confound typical 2D chemotaxis assays, and reveal that, contrary to previous reports, Caulobacter crescentus breaks with the E. coli paradigm.
Practical No-Signalling proof Randomness Amplification using Hardy paradoxes and its experimental implementation
Authors: Ramanathan Ravishankar , Horodecki Michal , Anwer Hammad , Pironio Stefano , Horodecki Karol , Grünfeld Marcus , Muhammad Sadiq , Bourennane Mohamed , Horodecki Paweł 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Device-Independent (DI) security is the gold standard of quantum cryptography, providing information-theoretic security based on the very laws of nature. In its highest form, security is guaranteed against adversaries limited only by the no-superluminal signalling rule of relativity. The task of randomness amplification, to generate secure fully uniform bits starting from weakly random seeds, is of both cryptographic and foundational interest, being important for the generation of cryptographically secure random numbers as well as bringing deep connections to the existence of free-will. DI no-signalling proof protocols for this fundamental task have thus far relied on esoteric proofs of non-locality termed pseudo-telepathy games, complicated multi-party setups or high-dimensional quantum systems, and have remained out of reach of experimental implementation. In this paper, we construct the first practically relevant no-signalling proof DI protocols for randomness amplification based on the simplest proofs of Bell non-locality and illustrate them with an experimental implementation in a quantum optical setup using polarised photons. Technically, we relate the problem to the vast field of Hardy paradoxes, without which it would be impossible to achieve amplification of arbitrarily weak sources in the simplest Bell non-locality scenario consisting of two parties choosing between two binary inputs. Furthermore, we identify a deep connection between proofs of the celebrated Kochen-Specker theorem and Hardy paradoxes that enables us to construct Hardy paradoxes with the non-zero probability taking any value in (0,1]. Our methods enable us, under the fair-sampling assumption of the experiment, to realize up to 25 bits of randomness in 20 hours of experimental data collection from an initial private source of randomness 0.1 away from uniform.
A mussel-inspired film for adhesion of wet buccal tissue and efficient buccal drug delivery
Authors: Hu Shanshan , Pei Xibo , Duan Lunliang , Zhu Zhou , Liu Yanhua , Chen Junyu , Chen Tao , Ji Ping , Wan Qianbing , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Administration of drug via the buccal route has attracted much attention in recent years. However, developing system with satisfactory adhesion in wet conditions and drug bioavailability still remains a challenge. Here, we propose a mussel inspired mucoadhesive film. Ex vivo porcine and in vivo rat models show that the film can achieve strong adhesion with wet buccal tissues. We also demonstrate that the film exhibits tunable mucoadhesion strength and erosion rate. The adhesion mechanism of this film relies on both physical association and covalent bonding between the film and mucus. Then, polydopamine (PDA) modified nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated into the film and the PDA NPs loaded films show superior advantages to transport across multiple barriers of buccal mucosa with improved drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy in oral mucositis models. We anticipate that this platform might aid the development of tissue adhesives and inspire the design of nanoparticle-based buccal delivery systems.
Further development on Traub’s method for solving system of nonlinear equations and ODE’s
Authors: Madhu Kalyanasundaram , Al-arydah Mo'tassem 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The foremost objective of this work is to propose a eighth and sixteenth order scheme for handling a nonlinear equation. The eighth order method uses three evaluations of the function and one assessment of the first derivative and sixteenth order method uses four evaluations of the function and one appraisal of the first derivative. Kung-Traub conjecture is satisfied, theoretical analysis of the methods are presented and numerical examples are added to confirm the order of convergence. The performance and efficiency of our iteration methods are compared with the equivalent existing methods on some standard academic problems. We tested projectile motion problem, Planck’s radiation law problem as an application. The basins of attraction are also given to demonstrate their dynamical behavior in the complex plane. Further, we attempt to proposed a sixteenth order iterative method for solving system of nonlinear equation with four functional evaluation, namely two F and two F 0 and only one inverse of Jacobian. The theoretical proof of the method is given and numerical examples are included to confirm the convergence order of the presented methods. We apply the new scheme to find solution on 1-D bratu problem. The performance and efficiency of our iteration methods are compared.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department CT for suspected diverticulitis: A natural experiment to explain patients’ and clinicians’ assessment of risk and willingness to undergo CT scanning?
Authors: MD Averi L. Gibson , Chen Byron Y. , MD Max P. Rosen , Paez S. Nicolas , MD Hao S. Lo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department CT use for acute non-traumatic abdominal pain, to better understand why imaging volume so drastically decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This was a retrospective review of emergency imaging volumes from January 5 to May 30, 2020. Weekly volume data were collected for total imaging studies, abdominopelvic CT, and abdominopelvic CTs positive for common causes of acute non-traumatic abdominal pain. Two emergency radiology attendings scored all diverticulitis cases independently and weekly volume data for uncomplicated and complicated diverticulitis cases was also collected. Volume data prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic was compared, using 2019 volumes as a control.Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, overall emergency imaging volume decreased 30% compared to 2019 (p = 0.002). While the number of emergency abdominopelvic CTs positive for appendicitis and small bowel obstruction did not significantly change during the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases of diverticulitis decreased significantly compared to 2019 (p = 0.001). This reduction can be specifically attributed to decreased uncomplicated diverticulitis cases, as the number of uncomplicated diverticulitis cases dropped significantly (p = 0.002) while there was no significant difference in the number of complicated diverticulitis cases (p = 0.09). Conclusions: Reduced emergency abdominopelvic CT volume during the COVID-19 pandemic can partially be explained by decreased imaging of lower acuity patients. This data may help formulate future strategies for imaging resource utilization with an improved understanding of the relationship between perceived imaging risk and symptom acuity.
SARS-COV-2 genomic surveillance in the Brazilian Western Amazon region: evolutionary history of epidemic dissemination and genetic signature in Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Souza Luan Felipo Botelho , Lima Felipe Souza Nogueira , Roca Tárcio Peixoto , Santos Alcione de Oliveira dos , Naveca Felipe Gomes , Maia Adriana Cristina Salvador , Silva Cicileia Correia da , Mendonça Aline Linhares Ferreira de Melo , Lugtenburg Celina Aparecida Bertoni , Azzi Camila Flávia Gomes , Furtado Juliana Loca , Cavalcante Suelen , Rampazzo ‪Rita de Cássia Pontello , Santos Caio Henrique Nemeth , Guimarães Alice Paula Di Sabatino , Medeiros Jansen Fernandes de , Máximo Fernando Rodrigues , Vilallobos-Salcedo Juan Miguel , Vieira Deusilene Souza 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly around the world, with Brazil currently considered an epicenter of the pandemic. The northern region of the country has the highest incidence and mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate information about the evolutionary history of epidemic spread and genetic aspects of strains isolated on the Western Amazon, in the State of Rondônia, Brazil. It was possible to detect a total of 22 mutations. Some of these alterations may possibly be related to effects on transmissibility, the fidelity of RNA replication, the ability of cancer patients to respond to infection, beyond a mutation that emerged after the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in Rondônia. At least two events of introduction were detected, corresponding to the B.1 and B.1.1 European lineages. An introduction was observed possibly through Argentina, where strains originated that circulated in the Minas Gerais and Ceará Brazilian states, prior to Rondônia (B.1.), as well as through the Minas Gerais state and the Federal District, which gave rise to strains that spread to Rondônia, from the capital to more rural parts of the state (B.1.1.). The findings show the need to monitor the genetic epidemiology of COVID-19, in order to surveil the virus’s evolution, dispersion and diversity.
Feedback Control Methods for a Single Machine Infinite Bus System
Authors: Vernekar Pratik N , Wang Zhongkui , Serrani Andrea , Passino Kevin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this manuscript we present a high fidelity physics-based truth model of a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system. We also present reduced-order control-oriented nonlinear and linear models of a synchronous generator-turbine system connected to a power grid. The reduced-order control-oriented models are next used to design various control strategies such as: proportional-integral-derivative (PID), linear-quadratic regulator (LQR), pole placement-based state feedback, observer-based output feedback, loop transfer recovery (LTR)-based linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG), and nonlinear feedback-linearizing control for the SMIB system. The controllers developed are then validated on the higher fidelity physics-based truth model of the SMIB system. Finally, a comparison is made of the performance of the controllers at different operating points of the SMIB system.
Examination of the daily drinking patterns and their relationships with alcohol dependence symptoms among adult users in Burkina Faso
Authors: Diendéré Jeoffray , Kaboré Ahmed , Hien Hervé , Kaboré Jean , Somda Serge , Zeba Augustin , Ouédraogo Laurent T. , Testa Jean , Ouédraogo Arouna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The alcohol consumption level is rising in Burkina Faso, which has the highest prevalence of heavy drinking in West Africa. This study used daily alcohol intake levels to explore drinking behaviors in regard to the days of the week and associations with dependence signs.Methods: We operated variables from the past 12-month drinkers reported by the 2013 Stepwise survey, which provided information on daily drinking and symptoms of alcohol dependence. We performed student tests, principal component analyses and logistic regression.Results: Data from 1,139 past 12-month drinkers was analyzed, and 15.9% (95%; CI: 13.8–18.1) of users had at least one sign of alcohol dependence. Both drinkers without and with dependence symptoms had a common behavior for higher intake on Thursday, Saturday and Sunday, while lower intake behavior was observed on Tuesday. Only drinkers with dependence signs had high intake behavior, especially on Monday and Friday. In multivariate analysis, alcohol dependence signs were associated with increased drinking only on Monday [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) =1.24, p=0.0001)] or Friday (aOR=1.15, p=0.003).Conclusion: For drinkers without any dependence sympoms, behaviors for higher intake were limited to Thursday, Saturday and Sunday in accordance with the “social events schedule” and the “weekly administrative time-off”, but those with dependence signs extended this kind of behavior to Monday or Friday, likely due to the increased and persistent craving triggered by the high intake the previous day.
COVID-19 in Kerala: analysis of measures and impacts
Authors: Goult Elizabeth , Sathyendranath Shubha , Kovač Žarko , Abdulaziz Anas , Menon Nandini , George Grinson , Kong Christina Eunjin , Platt Trevor 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the absence of an effective vaccine or drug therapy, non-Pharmaceutical Interventions are the only option for control of the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019, a pandemic with global implications. Each of the over 200 countries affected1 has followed its own path in dealing with the crisis, making it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of measures implemented, either individually, or collectively. In this paper we analyse the case of the south Indian state of Kerala, which received much praise in the international media for its success in containing the spread of the disease in the early months of the pandemic, but is now in the grips of a second wave. We use a model to study the trajectory of the disease in the state during the first four months of the outbreak. We then use the model for a retrospective analysis of measures taken to combat the spread of the disease, to evaluate their impact. Because of the unusual aspects of the Kerala case, we argue that it is a model worthy of a place in the discussion on how the world might best handle this and other, future, pandemics.
The etiology of bacterial dropsy of woody plants
Authors: Черпаков В.В. 
Published: September 2020

Бактериальная водянка (БВ), также известная как мокрая древесина (МД), наиболее вредоносный бактериоз лесных пород России. В России и за рубежом причиной указывают бактерии Erwinia multivora, Enterobacter nimipressuralis, Enterobaсter сloacae, Pectobacterium сarotovorum, а также конгломерат видов из более чем 15 родов. Выделено пять ключевых факторов патогенеза: 1) трещины стволов, разрыв ксилемы, флоэмы, брожение жидкости с выделением газа; 2) обводнение ядра, заболони, потёки жидкости; 3) мокрые раны с мацерацией ксилемы, камбия, луба, выделением слизи; 4) мокрые гнили корней с мацерацией, мягкие гнили самосева и сеянцев; 5) загнивание семян, желудей, орехов, шишек с эксудатами по типу мягких гнилей. Свойства E. multivora (сбраживание углеводов, выработка кислот, газа, продуцирование пектолитических ферментов) контролируют все пять факторов патогенеза БВ, а Ent. nimipressuralis и Ent. сloacae (выработка кислот, газа) – только первые два. Бактерии не вырабатывает пектолитические ферменты, не поражают корни, плоды, семена, сеянцы. Возможна их причастность к образованию водослоя, трещинам, но не мацерирующим патологиям. Возбудитель БВ E. multivora – пектолитическая энтеробактерия, которая не отличается от P. сarotovorum. Полагаем, что Е. multivora является возможным синонимом P. сarotovorum. Свойства P. сarotovorum делают патоген потенциальной причиной БВ-МД, однако исследования по древесной специализации P. сarotovorum отсутствуют.
Bacterial dropsy (BD), also known as wetwood (WW), is the most harmful bacterial blight in the forests of Russia. Both, in Russia and abroad, the cause of BD-WW is usually identified as bacteria Erwinia multivora, Enterobacter nimipressuralis, Enterobaсter сloacae, Pectobacterium сarotovorum, or a conglomerate of species of over 15 genera. Five key factors in the pathogenesis are identified: 1) the cracks in trunks, breaking of xylem or phloem; liquid fermentation with gas release; 2) flooding kernel, sapwood, streaks of liquid; 3) wet wounds with mucus, maceration of xylem, cambium, phloem; 4) wet rot with maceration in roots, rotting roots in self-seeding and seedlings; 5) soft rot type decay with exudate in seeds, acorns, nuts, and cones. Рroperties of E. multivora (digestion of carbohydrates, production of acid and gas, production of pectolytic enzymes) control all 5 factors in the pathogenesis of BD, while those of Ent. nimipressuralis and Ent. сloacae (production of acids, gas) control only the first two. Ent. nimipressuralis and Ent. сloacae do not produce pectolytic enzymes and do not affect roots, fruits, seeds, or seedlings. It is possible that these species contribute to wetwood and fractures, but not to macerating pathologies. The causative agent of BD is E. multivora, a pectolytic enterobacterium, which does not differ from P. carotovorum. We believe that E. multivora is a possible synonym of P. carotovorum. The properties of P. сarotovorum suggest that the pathogen can be a cause of BD-WW, however there are no studies on wood specialization in P. carotovorum.
Organization of access to wireless ad hoc networks of information systems for monitoring forest territories from the environment of OS Windows 10
Authors: Заяц A.М. , Хабаров С.П. 
Published: September 2020

В основе технической реализации современных информационных систем мониторинга лесных территорий лежат беспроводные самоорганизующиеся Ad Hoc сети. Однако, в отличие от ОС Windows 7, доступ к отдельным узлам этой сети с ноутбуков и планшетов, работающих на базе более новой ОС Windows 10, затруднен из-за отсутствия в графической оболочке этой системы возможности работы с Ad Hoc сетями. В настоящей статье предлагается подход для организации такого типа беспроводных подключений, при котором использует внутренние ресурсы ОС Windows 10, доступные из среды ее командной строки, и реализованные в семействе команд netsh wlan. На простейшем примере прямого Wi-Fi соединения двух виртуальных машин с беспроводными USB адаптерами показана работоспособность предложенного подхода и достаточно подробно описана необходимая для этого последовательность действий.
The technical implementation of modern information systems for monitoring forest territories is based on wireless self-organizing Ad Hoc networks. However, unlike Windows 7, access to individual nodes of this network from laptops and tablets working on the basis of the newer Windows 10 is hampered by the lack of the ability to work with Ad Hoc networks in the graphical shell of this system. This article proposes an approach for organizing this type of wireless connection, which uses internal resources of Windows 10, available from its command line environment, and implemented in the netsh wlan command family. On the simplest example of direct Wi-Fi connection of two virtual machines with wireless USB adapters, the operability of the proposed approach is demonstrated and the necessary sequence of actions is described in sufficient detail.
Azithromycin Nanosuspension Preparation using Evaporative Precipitation into the Aqueous Solution (EPAS) Method and its Comparative Dissolution Study
Authors: Shariare Mohammad Hossain , Mondal Tonmoy Kumar , Alothaid Hani , Sohel Md. Didaruzzaman , Wadud Md. , Aldughaim Mohammed S. , Rashid Md Abdur , Kazi Mohsin 
Published: September 2020

Aim:
EPAS (evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution) was used in the current
studies to prepare azithromycin nanosuspensions and investigate the physicochemical characteristics
for the nanosuspension batches with the aim of enhancing the dissolution rate of the nanopreparation
to improve bioavailability.

Methods:
EPAS method used in this study for preparing azithromycin nanosuspension was
achieved through developing an in-house instrumentation method. Particle size distribution was
measured using Zetasizer Nano S without sample dilution. Dissolved azithromycin nanosuspensions
were also compared with raw azithromycin powder and commercially available products.
The total drug content of nanosuspension batches was measured using an Ultra-Performance
Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) system with Photodiode Array (PDA) detector while residual solvent
was measured using Gas Chromatography (GC).

Results:
The average particle size of azithromycin nanosuspension was 447.2 nm and total drug
content was measured to be 97.81% upon recovery. Dissolution study data showed a significant increase
in the dissolution rate for nanosuspension batch when compared to raw azithromycin and
commercial version (microsuspension). The residual solvent found for azithromycin nanosuspension
is 0.000098023 mg/mL or 98.023 ppb.

Conclusion:
EPAS was successfully used to prepare azithromycin nanoparticles that exhibited a
significantly enhanced dissolution rate. Further studies are required to scale up the process and determine
long term stability of the nanoparticles.