bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
e5NT inhibitor protects acute restraint stress-induced depression by regulating nucleoside release in mice
Authors: Liu Ping , Zhu Lei , Zhou Limei , Bai Xinyu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To determine whether ecto-5′-nucleotidase (e5NT) contributes to the release of adenosine and uridine and whether is establishes the role of e5NT in acute restraint stress-induced depression and anxiety-like behaviours in mice.

Methods
Acute restraint stress was induced to detect the level of nucleoside in the hippocampus. Mouse hippocampal brain proteins were isolated and subjected to Western blotting (WB) experiments to examine the protein expression levels of proteins that affect nucleoside release. Adenosine 5′-(α,β-methylene)diphosphate (APCP), an e5NT inhibitor, was intraventricularly injected to investigate the regulatory effect of e5NT on nucleoside levels and behavioural changes caused by acute restraint stress in mice.

Key findings
Acute restraint stress increased the level of extracellular adenosine and uridine levels in the hippocampus of mice and significantly increased the expression of extracellular nucleoside-metabolizing enzymes were significantly increased. By administering APCP, the increase in adenosine and uridine levels caused by acute restraint stress could be suppressed. APCP inhibited behavioural changes, which were induced by acute restraint stress.

Conclusions
These data suggest that acute restraint stress may alter extracellular adenosine and uridine levels content in the hippocampus of mice via e5NT, and thus, the inhibition of e5NT may improve the anxiety behaviour in mice. Therefore, e5NT may therefore be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of anxiety in mice.
Efficiency comparison of apigenin-7-O-glucoside and trolox in antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory properties
Authors: Wang Wei , Yue Ru-Feng , Jin Zhen , He Li-Min , Shen Rong , Du Dan , Tang You-Zhi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Chamomile has long been used as a medicinal plant due to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. Apigenin-7-O-glucoside (AG) is one of the major ethanol extract components from chamomile; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Methods
In this study, the antioxidant potential and the anti-inflammatory activities of AG were analysed and compared with those of trolox. We demonstrate the protective effects of AG on free radical-induced oxidative damage of DNA, proteins and erythrocytes. Flow cytometry assay was used to detect ROS production. Additionally, the expression of anti-oxidation-related and inflammation-related factors was detected by ELISA and Western blotting, respectively.

Key findings
AG and trolox showed different efficiency as antioxidant in different experimental systems. AG had similar effect as trolox to inhibit H2O2-induced ROS production in RAW264.7 cells, while exerted stronger inhibition against free radical-induced oxidative damage on erythrocytes than trolox. Interestingly, compared with trolox, AG also had stronger inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1 signalling in RAW246.7 cells.

Conclusions
These results suggest the potential of AG as a pharmaceutical drug for anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, and the combined usage of AG and trolox might promote its efficacy. Our findings will provide new insights into the development of new drugs with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory functions.
Preparation of liquid‐core hydrogel beads using antioxidant‐rich Syzygium caryophyllatum fruit pulp as a healthy snack
Authors: Kasunmala Indhigahawala Gamage Gimanie , Bandara Navarathne Senevirathne , Wickramasinghe Indira 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReverse spherification is a common technique used in molecular gastronomy to produce innovative products with an improved texture by shaping a liquid into an edible semisolid sphere that gives a burst in the mouth sensation. In this study, liquid‐core hydrogel beads (LHBs) were prepared using Syzygium caryophyllatum fruit pulp adapting reverse‐phase molecular gastronomy as a minimal processing technique to promote it as a healthy snack. Three types of hydrogel beads were formulated while considering the stability of LHBs. Long‐term hardening of fruit juice in sodium alginate solution and the addition of plasticizer was used as two methods to increase the textural stability of LHBs. Results revealed that the addition of the plasticizer imparted to improve all the physical and textural properties of beads; however, it affects the transparency of the hydrogel membrane as well. Although the plasticizer increased the textural stability of LHBs, prolong inlaying them in it (the plasticizer) contribute to occur adverse consequences on the quality. Hence, the inlaying of LHBs in glycerol for 2 min was selected as the best treatment (HBP1). Since HBP1 had a low hardness (125.00 g) and high resilience (0.21), it imparted a chewing gum‐like texture to LHBs. Hence, it (HBP1) can be used as a healthy snack. While HBP1 was capable of retained 90% antioxidant activity of fresh fruit of S. caryophyllatum, total polyphenolic content, 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl scavenging activity %, and ferric reducing antioxidant power value of this formulation were 59.50 GAE/g of dried LHBs, 68.96% and 139.69 TE/g of dried LHBs, respectively.
Sierra Gorda 009: A new member of the metal‐rich G chondrites grouplet
Authors: Ivanova Marina A. , Lorenz Cyril A. , Humayun Munir , Corrigan Catherine M. , Ludwig Thomas , Trieloff Mario , Righter Kevin , Franchi Ian A. , Verchovsky Alexander B. , Korochantseva Ekaterina V. , Kozlov Vladimir V. , Teplyakova Svetlana N. , Korochantsev Alexander V. , Grokhovsky Victor I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigated the metal‐rich chondrite Sierra Gorda (SG) 009, a member of the new G chondrite grouplet (also including NWA 5492, GRO 95551). G chondrites contain 23% metal, very reduced silicates, and rare oxidized mineral phases (Mg‐chromite, FeO‐rich pyroxene). G chondrites are not related to CH‐CB chondrites, based on bulk O, C, and N isotopic compositions, mineralogy, and geochemistry. G chondrites have no fine‐grained matrix or matrix lumps enclosing hydrated material typical for CH‐CB chondrites. G chondrites’ average metal compositions are similar to H chondrites. Siderophile and lithophile geochemistry indicates sulfidization and fractionation of the SG 009 metal and silicates, unlike NWA 5492 and GRO 95551. The G chondrites have average O isotopic compositions Δ17O>0‰ ranging between bulk enstatite (E) and ordinary (O) chondrites. An Al‐rich chondrule from SG 009 has Δ17O>0‰ indicating some heterogeneity in oxygen isotopic composition of G chondrite components. SG 009’s bulk carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions correspond to E and O chondrites. Neon isotopic composition reflects a mixture of cosmogenic and solar components, and cosmic ray exposure age of SG 009 is typical for O, E, and R chondrites. G chondrites are closely related to O, E, and R chondrites and may represent a unique metal‐rich parent asteroid containing primitive and fractionated material from the inner solar system. Oxidizing and reducing conditions during SG 009 formation may be connected with a chemical microenvironment and possibly could indicate that G chondrites may have formed by a planetesimal collision resulting in the lack of matrix.
Phylogenomic approaches reveal how climate shapes patterns of genetic diversity in an African rain forest tree species
Authors: Helmstetter Andrew J. , Amoussou Biowa E. N. , Bethune Kevin , Kamdem Narcisse G. , Glèlè Kakaï Romain , Sonké Bonaventure , Couvreur Thomas L. P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe world's second largest expanse of tropical rainforest is in Central Africa, and it harbours enormous species diversity. Population genetic studies have consistently revealed significant structure across Central African rainforest plants. In particular, previous studies have repeatedly demonstrated a north–south genetic discontinuity around the equatorial line, in a continuous expanse of rainforest where a climatic inversion is documented. Here, we took a phylogeographic approach by sequencing 351 nuclear markers in 112 individuals across the distribution of the African rainforest tree species Annickia affinis (Annonaceae). We showed for the first time that the north–south divide is the result of a single, major colonization event across the climatic inversion from an ancestral population located in Gabon. We suggested that differences in ecological niche of populations located on either side of this inversion may have contributed to this phylogenetic discontinuity. We found evidence for inland dispersal, predominantly in northern areas, and variable demographic histories among genetic clusters, indicating that populations responded differently to past climate change. We show how newly developed genomic tools can provide invaluable insights into our understanding of tropical rainforest evolutionary dynamics.
Divergence, gene flow, and speciation in eight lineages of trans‐Beringian birds
Authors: McLaughlin Jessica F. , Faircloth Brant C. , Glenn Travis C. , Winker Kevin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDetermining how genetic diversity is structured between populations that span the divergence continuum from populations to biological species is key to understanding the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. We investigated genetic divergence and gene flow in eight lineages of birds with a trans‐Beringian distribution, where Asian and North American populations have likely been split and reunited through multiple Pleistocene glacial cycles. Our study transects the speciation process, including eight pairwise comparisons in three orders (ducks, shorebirds and passerines) at population, subspecies and species levels. Using ultraconserved elements (UCEs), we found that these lineages represent conditions from slightly differentiated populations to full biological species. Although allopatric speciation is considered the predominant mode of divergence in birds, all of our best divergence models included gene flow, supporting speciation with gene flow as the predominant mode in Beringia. In our eight lineages, three were best described by a split‐migration model (divergence with gene flow), three best fit a secondary contact scenario (isolation followed by gene flow), and two showed support for both models. The lineages were not evenly distributed across a divergence space defined by gene flow (M) and differentiation (FST), instead forming two discontinuous groups: one with relatively shallow divergence, no fixed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and high rates of gene flow between populations; and the second with relatively deeply divergent lineages, multiple fixed SNPs, and low gene flow. Our results highlight the important role that gene flow plays in avian divergence in Beringia.
Recommendations for estimating mark rate of cetaceans in photo‐ID research: A critique of field sampling protocols and variance estimation
Authors: Wickman Lindsay , Rayment William , Slooten Elisabeth , Dawson Stephen M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMark rate, or the proportion of the population with unique, identifiable marks, must be determined in order to estimate population size from photographic identification data. In this study we address field sampling protocols and estimation methods for robust estimation of mark rate and its uncertainty in cetacean populations. We present two alternatives for estimating the variance of mark rate: (1) a variance estimator for clusters of unequal sizes (SRCS) and (2) a hierarchical Bayesian model (SRCS‐Bayes), and compare them to the simple random sampling (SRS) variance estimator. We tested these variance estimators using a simulation to see how they perform at varying mark rates, number of groups sampled, photos per group, and mean group sizes. The hierarchical Bayesian model outperformed the frequentist variance estimators, with the true mark rate of the population held in its 95% HDI 91.9% of the time (compared with coverage of 79% for the SRS method and 76.3% for the SRCS‐Cochran method). The simulation results suggest that, ideally, mark rate and its precision should be quantified using hierarchical Bayesian modeling, and researchers should attempt to sample as many unique groups as possible to improve accuracy and precision.
Eating behaviour in contrasting adiposity phenotypes: Monogenic obesity and congenital generalized lipodystrophy
Authors: Santos José L. , Cortés Víctor A. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryMost known types of nonsyndromic monogenic obesity are caused by rare mutations in genes of the leptin‐melanocortin pathway controlling appetite and adiposity. In contrast, congenital generalized lipodystrophy represents the most extreme form of leanness in humans caused by recessive mutations in four genes involved in phospholipid/triglyceride synthesis and lipid droplet/caveolae structure. In this disease, the inability to store triglyceride in adipocytes results in hypoleptinemia and ectopic hepatic and muscle fat accumulation leading to fatty liver, hypertriglyceridemia and severe insulin resistance. As a result of hypoleptinemia, patients with lipodystrophy show alterations in eating behaviour characterized by constant increased energy intake. As it occurs in obesity caused by genetic leptin deficiency, exogenous leptin rapidly reduces hunger scores in patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy, with additional beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and metabolic profile normalization. The melanocortin‐4 receptor agonist setmelanotide has been used in the treatment of monogenic obesities. There is only one report on the effect of setmelanotide in a patient with partial lipodystrophy resulting in mild reductions in hunger scores, with no improvements in metabolic status. The assessment of contrasting phenotypes of obesity/leanness represents an adequate strategy to understand the pathophysiology and altered eating behaviour associated with adipose tissue excessive accumulation/paucity.
Coexistence of sinus bradycardia and junctional tachycardia in a patient with fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chen Songwen , Zhou Genqing , Wei Yong , Lu Xiaofeng , Liu Shaowen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 65‐year‐old woman was referred for catheter ablation in the treatment of persistent tachycardia after surgery for atrial fibrillation and mitral regurgitation. Bipolar voltage mapping of both atria revealed that severe and extensive atrial fibrosis isolated the sinoatrial node from the atrioventricular junction and led to the coexistence of sinus bradycardia and persistent junctional tachycardia.
Genetic dissection of bread wheat diversity and identification of adaptive loci in response to elevated tropospheric ozone
Authors: Begum Hasina , Alam Muhammad Shahedul , Feng Yanru , Koua Patrice , Ashrafuzzaman Md , Shrestha Asis , Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Dadshani Said , Ballvora Agim , Naz Ali Ahmad , Frei Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRising tropospheric ozone affects the performance of important cereal crops thus threatening global food security. In this study, genetic variation of wheat regarding its physiological and yield responses to ozone was explored by exposing a diversity panel of 150 wheat genotypes to elevated ozone and control conditions throughout the growing season. Differential responses to ozone were observed for foliar symptom formation quantified as leaf bronzing score (LBS), vegetation indices and yield components. Vegetation indices representing the carotenoid to chlorophyll pigment ratio (such as Lic2) were particularly ozone‐responsive and were thus considered suitable for the non‐invasive diagnosing of ozone stress. Genetic variation in ozone‐responsive traits was dissected by a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Significant marker‐trait associations were identified for LBS on chromosome 5A and for vegetation indices (NDVI and Lic2) on chromosomes 6B and 6D. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in these chromosomal regions revealed distinct LD blocks containing genes with a putative function in plant redox biology such as cytochrome P450 proteins and peroxidases. This study gives novel insight into the natural genetic variation in wheat ozone response, and lays the foundation for the molecular breeding of tolerant wheat varieties.
Specific temperament in patients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
Authors: Uchikawa Hideki , Fujii Katsunori , Shiohama Tadashi , Nakazato Michiko , Shimizu Eiji , Miyashita Toshiyuki , Shimojo Naoki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundNevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a neurocutaneous disease, characterized by tumorigenesis and developmental anomalies due to aberrant sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. Patients with NBCCS typically appear calm and carefree, suggesting that a specific personality in these patients may be associated with an enhanced hedgehog pathway. Our study aimed to determine the personality type in these patients.MethodsWe enrolled 14 mentally normal patients with genetically confirmed NBCCS (seven males and seven females; mean age = 25.2 years) and 20 controls (10 males and 10 females; mean age = 27.9 years). The patients were assessed with the Japanese version of the Temperament and Character Inventory, based on the seven‐dimensional model of temperament and character, and their clinical symptoms were evaluated. The amygdala volumes of six patients with NBCCS were measured using magnetic resonance imaging with image‐processing software.ResultsPatients with NBCCS scored significantly lower on harm avoidance (0.89) than controls (1.00; P = 0.0084). Moreover, patients with NBCCS and developmental malformations such as rib anomalies, who may have experienced Shh signaling enhancement from the prenatal period, scored significantly lower on harm avoidance (0.80 [P = 0.0031]). The left amygdala volume was also significantly reduced in patients with NBCCS (P = 0.0426).ConclusionsPatients with NBCCS who experienced increased Shh signaling from the prenatal period showed significantly lower harm avoidance related to serotonin. The left amygdala volume was significantly reduced in these patients. Our results indicate that Shh signaling may influence the human personality.
Excimer laser/light treatment of alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Lee Ji Hae , Eun Sung Hye , Kim Soo Hyung , Ju Hyun Jeong , Kim Gyong Moon , Bae Jung Min 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe excimer laser/light (EL) has been reported to be effective for alopecia areata (AA), but its treatment response has not been systematically reviewed.ObjectiveTo determine the treatment response and safety of EL treatment of AA.MethodsA comprehensive search of the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Web of Science (from inception to December 31, 2018) was conducted to identify prospective clinical studies assessing the treatment response of EL for AA. The primary outcome was cosmetically acceptable hair regrowth (hair regrowth ≥75%); random‐effects meta‐analyses using generic inverse variance weighting were performed to estimate treatment responses. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019121092).ResultsOf 52 records initially identified, 13 full‐text articles were finally assessed in terms of eligibility. A total of 9 prospective clinical studies (129 AA patients) including 5 controlled clinical trials were identified. Cosmetically acceptable hair regrowth was achieved in 50.2% (95% confidence interval 31.5%‐68.9%; 8 studies). EL treatment significantly improved hair regrowth compared with untreated controls (relative risk 7.83; 95% confidence interval 2.11‐29.11; 5 controlled clinical trials). No serious adverse effect was noted.ConclusionsEL treatment appeared to produce a favorable therapeutic response in AA patients. The use of EL should be encouraged for AA patients with the advantages of the non‐invasiveness and no systemic effect.
Transcriptomic analysis of the porcine anterior pituitary gland during the peri‐implantation period
Authors: Zmijewska Agata , Czelejewska Wioleta , Waszkiewicz Ewa M. , Gajewska Alina , Okrasa Stanislaw , Franczak Anita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe peri‐implantation period is controlled by signals originating from hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, uterus and developing embryos. The transcriptomic activity of the anterior pituitary gland may be important for the control of the peri‐implantation period. The aim of this study was to determine the alternations in the transcriptomic profile of porcine anterior pituitary gland during the peri‐implantation period (days 15–16 of pregnancy) in comparison with established for the respective days of the oestrous cycle. Analysis using a microarray approach indicated that the 651 genes (fold‐change ˂1.2;p ≤ .05) were differentially expressed (DEGs) in the anterior pituitary of pigs during the peri‐implantation period when compared to cyclic females. Of these DEGs, 404 were upregulated and 247 downregulated. Analysis of occurred relationships among DEGs revealed that some of them are involved in steroid‐response and oestrogen synthesis, FSH secretion, immune response, PPAR signalling pathway and the potential for DNA methylation. In conclusion, the altered transcriptomic profile of the porcine pituitary gland in pigs during the peri‐implantation period indicates the role of embryos presence in the creation of transcriptomic activity of the pituitary gland in pigs.
Aggregate and heterogeneous sectoral growth effects of foreign direct investment in Egypt
Authors: Ingham Hilary , Read Robert , Elkomy Shimaa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the sectoral impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth in Egypt between 1990 and 2007 based on a unique data set. It highlights the aggregation bias inherent in many empirical studies that focus solely on the economy‐wide effects of foreign investment. Aggregate inflows of FDI are shown to be detrimental to the country’s economic growth performance, possibly as a result of the “crowding‐out” of more productive domestic investment. Some positive sector‐specific effects, however, are found for investment in manufacturing and petroleum, which also has beneficial spillovers into other sectors. FDI in the finance and retail and telecommunications and information technology sectors are found to generate significantly negative growth effects, while those in services and tourism are negative but generally insignificant. These findings suggest that “market‐seeking” FDI in certain sectors has conspicuous “crowding‐out” effects, possibly owing to insufficient domestic absorptive capacity. The results of this study further demonstrate the importance of potential sectoral heterogeneity of own sector and inter‐sectoral economic growth effects of FDI. It therefore highlights the critical need for policymakers to take a more disaggregated sectoral‐level evaluation of the benefits of foreign investment, particularly in developing economies such as Egypt.