bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Survival and Risk of Institutionalization in Onco‐Geriatric Surgical Patients: Long‐Term Results of the PREOP Study
Authors: Huisman Monique G. , Ghignone Federico , Ugolini Giampaolo , Sidorenkov Grigory , Montroni Isacco , Vigano Antonio , de Liguori Carino Nicola , Farinella Eriberto , Cirocchi Roberto , Audisio Riccardo A. , de Bock Geertruida H. , van Leeuwen Barbara L. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate long‐term survival and institutionalization in onco‐geriatric surgical patients, and to analyze the association between these outcomes and a preoperative risk score.DESIGNProspective cohort study with long‐term follow‐up.SETTINGInternational and multicenter locations.PARTICIPANTSPatients aged 70 years or older undergoing elective surgery for a malignant solid tumor at five centers (n = 229).MEASUREMENTSWe assessed long‐term survival and institutionalization using the Preoperative Risk Estimation for Onco‐geriatric Patients (PREOP) score, developed to predict the 30‐day risk of major complications. The PREOP score collected data about sex, type of surgery, and the American Society for Anesthesiologists classification, as well as the Timed Up & Go test and the Nutritional Risk Screening results. An overall score higher than 8 was considered abnormal.RESULTSWe included 149 women and 80 men (median age = 76 y; interquartile range = 8). Survival at 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively was 84%, 77%, and 56%, respectively. Moreover, survival at 1 year was worse for patients with a PREOP risk score higher than 8 (70%) compared with 8 or lower (91%). Of those alive at 1 year, 43 (26%) were institutionalized, and by 2 years, almost half of the entire cohort (46%) were institutionalized or had died. A PREOP risk score higher than 8 was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7‐4.0), irrespective of stage and age, but not with being institutionalized (odds ratios = 1 y, 1.6 [95% CI = .7‐3.8]; 2 y, 2.2 [95% CI = .9‐5.5]).CONCLUSIONA high PREOP score is associated with mortality but not with remaining independent. Despite acceptable survival rates, physical function may deteriorate after surgery. It is imperative to discuss treatment goals and expectations preoperatively to determine if they are feasible. Using the PREOP risk score can provide an objective measure on which to base decisions. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1235–1241, 2020.
Lived experiences of adult patients with moyamoya disease: A qualitative case study
Authors: Ryu Gi Wook , Yang Yong Sook , Choi Mona , Shim Kyu Won 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo understand the daily lived experiences of adult moyamoya disease patients.MethodsThis qualitative study involved a purposive sample of 14 adult moyamoya disease patients diagnosed after 19 years or older at one university hospital in Seoul. Interviews conducted with patients included open‐ended questions about the experience of living with moyamoya disease. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven‐step method, which derives the theme.ResultsParticipants' experiences were divided into three themes and eight sub‐themes. “Having an unexpected disease that suddenly struck my life” refers to confusion and depression due to the diagnosis of the unexpected illness; “being occasionally anxious about the illness” describes patients' uncertainty about the disease and worrying about passing the disease on to their child; and “living with the disease by going through the disease experience” refers to the process of accepting and adapting to the illness.ConclusionsThe findings provide a better understanding of the life changes and lived experiences of adult patients with moyamoya disease. Nurses should consider various aspects when providing care to adult moyamoya disease patients.
An appetite for pests: Synanthropic insectivorous bats exploit cotton pest irruptions and consume various deleterious arthropods
Authors: Cohen Yuval , Bar‐David Shirli , Nielsen Martin , Bohmann Kristine , Korine Carmi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConservation biological control (CBC) seeks to minimize the deleterious effects of agricultural pests by enhancing the efficiency of natural enemies. Despite the documented potential of insectivorous bats to consume pests, many synanthropic bat species are still underappreciated as beneficial species. We investigated the diet of Kuhl's pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii), a common synanthropic insectivorous bat that forages in urban and agricultural areas, to determine whether it may function as a natural enemy in CBC. Faecal samples of P. kuhlii were collected throughout the cotton‐growing season from five roost sites near cotton fields located in a Mediterranean agroecosystem, Israel, and analyzed using DNA metabarcoding. Additionally, data on estimated abundance of major cotton pests were collected. We found that the diet of P. kuhlii significantly varied according to sites and dates and comprised 27 species of agricultural pests that were found in 77.2% of the samples, including pests of key economic concern. The dominant prey was the widespread cotton pest, the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, found in 31% of the samples and in all the roosts. Pink bollworm abundance was positively correlated with its occurrence in the bat diet. Furthermore, the bats’ dietary breadth narrowed, while temporal dietary overlap increased, in relation to increasing frequencies of pink bollworms in the diet. This suggests that P. kuhlii exploits pink bollworm irruptions by opportunistic feeding. We suggest that synanthropic bats provide important pest suppression services, may function as CBC agents of cotton pests and potentially contribute to suppress additional deleterious arthropods found in their diet in high frequencies.
Temporal and dynamic changes in gingival blood flow during progression of ligature‐induced periodontitis
Authors: Kuraji Ryutaro , Wu Ya‐Hsin , Hashimoto Shuichi , Mishiro Saki , Maeda Yuuki , Miyashita Yukihiro , Ito Hiroshi , Miwa Yoko , Sunohara Masataka , Kapila Yvonne , Numabe Yukihiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate temporal changes in gingival blood flow (GBF) during progression of periodontitis in rats using a laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF) approach and to characterize morphological and biochemical features in the periodontium associated with GBF.Materials and MethodsForty‐two Wistar rats were divided into a ligature‐induced periodontitis group and a control group. To induce periodontitis, ligatures were tied around maxillary first molars bilaterally. GBF was measured in palatal gingiva at pretreatment and following ligature placement after 30 min, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days using LDF with a non‐contact probe. Bone loss and gene expression in gingival tissues were assessed using micro‐computed tomography (μCT) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Immunostaining for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the maxilla was also histologically evaluated.ResultsGBF in the ligature group increased significantly compared with the control group 30 min after ligation. However, on days 3 and 7, GBF decreased in the ligature group. Also, after day 10, there was no difference in GBF between groups. The levels of alveolar bone loss, gene expression (interleukin‐6, cluster of differentiation‐31, VEGF‐A, and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor‐1), and immunostained VEGF‐positive vessels correlated well with changes in GBF.Conclusion Progression of PeriodontitisIn rats was associated with a triphasic pattern of GBF, consisting of a short initial increase, followed by a rapid decrease, and then a gradual plateau phase.
Electroencephalography in neonatal epilepsies
Authors: Okumura Akihisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeonatal epilepsies – neonatal seizures caused by remote symptomatic etiologies – are infrequent compared with those caused by acute symptomatic etiologies. The etiologies of neonatal epilepsies are classified into structural, genetic, and metabolic. Electroencephalography (EEG) and amplitude‐integrated EEG (aEEG) are essential for the diagnosis and monitoring of neonatal epilepsies. Electroencephalography / aEEG findings may differ substantially among infants, even within infants with variants in a single gene. Unusual EEG/aEEG findings, such as downward seizure patterns on aEEG, can be found. Neonatal seizures are exclusively of focal onset. An International League Against Epilepsy task force proposed that the seizure type is typically determined by the predominant clinical feature and is classified into motor or non‐motor presentations. Ictal EEG usually demonstrates a sudden, repetitive, evolving, and stereotyped activities with a minimum duration of 10 s. In epileptic spasms and myoclonic seizures, the cut‐off point of 10 s cannot be applied. One must always be aware of electro–clinical dissociation in neonates suspected to have seizures. Amplitude‐integrated EEG is also useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of neonatal epilepsies but aEEG cannot be recommended as the mainstay because of its relatively low sensitivity and specificity. At present, EEG findings are not pathognomonic, although some characteristic ictal or interictal EEG findings have been reported in several neonatal epilepsies. Deep learning will be expected to be introduced into EEG interpretation in near future. Objective EEG classification derived from deep learning may help to clarify EEG characteristics in some specific cases of neonatal epilepsy.
Local Renewable Energy Initiatives in Germany and Japan in a Changing National Policy Environment
Authors: Hager Carol , Hamagami Nicole 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOur article explores the contribution of local initiatives to the creation of path dependencies for energy transition in Germany and Japan in the face of resistance from entrenched incumbents at the national level. We use a process‐tracing methodology based partly on interviews with local participants. In particular, we explore the role of local initiatives in securing “socio‐political space” for the expansion of renewable energy (RE) and in embedding themselves in “ecosystems” of public and private institutions. German energy activists were more successful than their Japanese counterparts in expanding this space and creating positive feedback in part because they were able to build horizontal networks that anchored the energy transition firmly in local communities. Although problems with grid technology have led to retrenchment in both cases, Japanese activists' reliance on vertical networks has limited their ability to weather a backlash from national government and utility actors. Our study demonstrates the interaction of political, economic/technological, and legitimation paths to energy transition and highlights the importance of the latter two.
Estimation of intraocular pressure in normal canine eyes utilizing the newly introduced TonoVet Plus and TonoPen Avia, and their comparison to the established TonoVet
Authors: Ben‐Shlomo Gil , Muirhead Sarah F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the IOP values obtained from normal canine eyes, by means of the TonoVet Plus (TVP) and TonoPen Avia (TPA), and compare them to an established tonometer, the TonoVet (TV).MethodsTonometry was performed bilaterally in 50 healthy dogs, age 1‐11 years. The rebound tonometers (TV and TVP) were used first (in a random order), and then, one drop of tetracaine hydrochloride was applied to each eye, and approximately one minute later the IOP was estimated using the TPA. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) was calculated for each tonometer and a paired Student'sttest was used to compare the IOP values between tonometers. APvalue ≤ .05 was considered significant. The agreement between tonometers was assessed by a Bland‐Altman plot.ResultsThe mean ± SD (range) IOP values were 15.0 ± 3.2 mm Hg (7‐22), 19.2 ± 3.1 mm Hg (11‐25), and 12.8 ± 2.9 mm Hg (6‐19), for the TV, TVP, and TPA, respectively. The IOP values obtained by each tonometer were significantly different compared to the other two (P < .0001). There was a good agreement with fixed bias between all tonometers.ConclusionsThe average IOP values of the TVP were significantly higher than those of the TV, which were significantly higher than those of the TPA, in normal canine eyes. Knowing the normal IOP values for these tonometers and the bias between them will help the clinician with the interpretation of IOP values obtained by these devices and compare between them.
A Modified Directional Flame Thermometer: Development, Calibration, and Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Cabrera J. M. , Moser R. D. , Ezekoye O. A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The directional flame thermometer (DFT) is a robust device used to measure heat fluxes in harsh environments such as fire scenarios but is large when compared to other standard heat flux measurement devices. To better understand the uncertainties associated with heat flux measurements in these environments, a Bayesian framework is utilized to propagate uncertainties of both known and unknown parameters describing the thermal model of a modified, smaller DFT. Construction of the modified DFT is described along with a derivation of the thermal model used to predict the incident heat flux to its sensing surface. Parameters of the model are calibrated to data collected using a Schmidt–Boelter (SB) gauge with an accuracy of ±3% at incident heat fluxes of 5 kW/m2, 10 kW/m2, and 15 kW/m2. Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations were used to obtain posterior distributions for the free parameters of the thermal model as well as the modeling uncertainty. The parameter calibration process produced values for the free parameters that were similar to those presented in the literature with relative uncertainties at 5 kW/m2, 10 kW/m2, and 15 kW/m2 of 17%, 9%, and 7%, respectively. The derived model produced root-mean-squared errors between the prediction and SB gauge output of 0.37, 0.77, and 1.13 kW/m2 for the 5, 10, and 15 kW/m2 cases, respectively, compared to 0.53, 1.12, and 1.66 kW/m2 for the energy storage method (ESM) described in ASTM E3057.
Low-Cost Solar Mirror Substrates and Geometries for Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Concentrator Applications
Authors: Wells David N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Two principal approaches to lowering solar concentrator costs are through improved geometry (lower profile, simpler shape), and through simplified methods to make concentrator substrates. The paper discusses issues relating to fabrication of solar concentrator mirrors from inexpensive elastically bent float glass mirrors. Protection from hail damage by a novel shock absorbing back layer is presented. New low-profile concentrator geometry is presented which utilize the low-cost mirror substrates. One new geometry uses a stationary cylindrical reflector with novel arc-motion tracking absorber that appears suitable for mid-sized thermal applications. Another uses the cylindrical mirror with an azimuth-elevation tracking mechanism appears to be suitable for small-scale applications. To get even higher concentration, some low-cost secondary designs are briefly discussed which use refractive tubes or lenses as secondary concentrating elements.
Hybrid Solar Lighting System Cost and Performance Analysis
Authors: Panich Michael T. , Carlson Eric E. , Jerla Michael F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper reports on the methodology and results of a preliminary analysis of a hybrid solar lighting concept that has the potential to provide cost-effective topside daylighting to the core areas of commercial buildings of all types. The presented hybrid lighting concept also includes a “full spectrum” dish-type concentrating solar collector. This collector uses both the incident visible and infrared solar radiation to provide both daylighting and electric power. The incident solar radiation is separated using cold mirror technology. Visible light is sent to a fiber optic bundle for routing to integrated fiber optic/fluorescent luminaires within the building. Separated infrared solar radiation is focused on a photovoltaic cell and converted to electricity. The electricity produced provides self-powering of the collector solar tracking system and the excess electricity produced is sent into the grid-connected commercial building electric system. The paper presents the potential for performance increases/cost reductions in the technology and the current and future cost competitiveness of this promising solar technology.
Development of a Computer Model for Solar Simulation and Shaded Fenestration Design
Authors: Oh John Kie-Whan , Haberl Jeffrey S. , Degelman Larry O. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop a computer model for solar radiation calculation and display and a shaded fenestration design system that can be used by architectural and engineering designers. This computerized model calculates the amount of insolation and transmitted solar radiation through a shaded window as well as the heat transfer through it.
The computer model, called Shaded Fenestration Design (SFD), contains various functions relating to solar simulation such as: display of the sunpath diagrams and the accompanying shading mask protractor, display of the hourly intensity of solar radiation onto the path of the sun for horizontal and vertical surfaces at varying off-south azimuths, and simulating the thermal performance of a shaded fenestration. The model also provides graphical aids for energy-efficient shading device design with use of various kinds of sunpath diagrams and solar radiation diagrams.
The model performs solar radiation simulation using the methods developed in the ASHRAE Handbook, Duffie and Beckman, and Kreider and Rabl. An anisotrophic sky model was applied for the calculation of solar radiation on a titled surface and the transmitted solar radiation through a single-glazed window. A part of the model was validated experimentally using a physical test box and was also compared to simulated results from the DOE-2 program; however, the validation is not included in this paper.
Global Surface Solar Energy Anomalies Including El Nino and La Nina Years
Authors: Whitlock C. H. , Brown D. E. , Chandler W. S. , DiPasquale R. C. , Ritchey Nancy A. , Gupta Shashi K. , Wilber Anne C. , Kratz David P. , Stackhouse Paul W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Atypical weather conditions are known to occur for extended periods of time that either may or may not coincide with El Nino and La Nina events in the Pacific Ocean. Anomalies that increase clouds influence the reliability of both renewable energy and building environmental-control systems. Backup equipment on non-grid solar power systems may run out of capacity for such items as communications electronics, flood-warning stream gages, refrigerators, and small village power systems in remote regions. This paper provides 1×1-degree resolution global maps that identify those regions which experienced large abnormal solar energy during a 10-year period. A source is identified where specific values for maximum year-to-year variability can be obtained in regions where ground-site measurements do not exist.
Remote Solar, Wind, and Hybrid Solar/Wind Energy Systems for Purifying Water
Authors: Vick Brian D. , Clark R. Nolan , Ling Junyi , Ling Shitao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Solar energy, wind energy, and a combination of wind and solar energy have been used successfully to power an UV (ultraviolet) water purification system. The main reason for this success has been the design of the controllers which have been operating for almost two years with various wind and solar energy inputs. Five different solar and wind energy systems have been tested so far and although these renewable energy systems have been used for water purification, graphs contained in the paper can be used to determine the feasibility of powering various other electrical loads. Combining a 100 Watt solar system with a 900 Watt wind turbine resulted in pumping and purifying enough water to satisfy the potable water requirements of 4000 people (16000 liters/day) at an estimated equipment cost of about $4660 (approximately $1/person).
Performance of the Directly-Irradiated Annular Pressurized Receiver (DIAPR) Operating at 20 Bar and 1,200°C
Authors: Kribus A. , Doron P. , Rubin R. , Reuven R. , Taragan E. , Duchan S. , Karni J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Directly Irradiated Annular Pressurized Receiver (DIAPR) is a volumetric (directly-irradiated) windowed cavity receiver, designed for operation at a pressure of 10–30 bar, exit gas temperature of up to 1,300°C, and aperture radiation flux of up to 10 MW/m2. This paper presents test results obtained under various irradiation conditions and flow rates. Inlet aperture flux was up to 5 MW/m2; exit air temperatures of up to 1,200°C were obtained, while operating at pressures of 17–20 bar. Estimated receiver efficiency in these tests was in the range of 0.7–0.9. The absorber and window temperatures were 200–400°C below the permitted maximum, indicating that higher air exit temperatures are possible.
Development of a High-Temperature, Long-Shafted, Molten-Salt Pump for Power Tower Applications
Authors: Barth Daniel L. , Pacheco James E. , Kolb William J. , Rush Earl E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A new hot-salt pump has been developed for molten-salt solar power tower applications that will reduce the capital cost of the plant, eliminate many of the piping, valve and sump problems associated with the handling of molten salt and improve the reliability of a critical part of the operating system of the plant. Previous systems required that the pumps in these plants be housed in shallow sumps that were gravity fed by the storage tanks. This new pump arrangement will eliminate the sump-level control valves and the potential for overflowing the pump sump vessels. Until now only cantilever pumps were qualified for hot molten-salt service because no suitable bearing materials had been tested. This paper describes the successful qualification of a long-shafted pump with salt-lubricated bearings tested for over 5000 hours with nitrate salt at 565 °C.
Modular Trough Power Plants
Authors: Hassani Vahab , Price Henry W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A number of factors are creating an increased market potential for small trough power technology. These include the need for distributed power systems for rural communities worldwide, the need to generate more electricity by non-combustion renewable processes, the need for sustainable power for economic growth in developing countries, and the deregulation and privatization of the electrical generation sector worldwide. Parabolic trough collector technology has been used in large central station power plants. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) air-cooled modular power units have been successfully applied for large and small-scale geothermal power plants, with over 600 MW of capacity, during the same period. The merging of these two technologies to produce distributed modular power plants in the 200 kW to 10 MW range offers a new application for both technologies. It is our objective in this paper to introduce a modular trough power plant (MTPP) and discuss its performance and the cost of electricity generation from such system.