bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome among Chinese adults
Authors: Lin Yi , Ying Yan-Yan , Li Si-Xuan , Wang Si-Jia , Gong Qing-Hai , Li Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese adults living in Ningbo and to examine the association between alcohol consumption and MetS and its medical components.Design:A representative survey in Ningbo was conducted in 2015 covering socio-demography. A FFQ together with additional questionnaires was used to collect information on alcohol consumption, diet, demography, lifestyle and medical information. Multivariable logistic regression and generalised linear models were used to examine the association between alcohol consumption and both MetS and its medical components, respectively.Setting:Ningbo, China.Participants:A total of 2853 adults ≥ 20 years (44 % men) in this final analysis.Results:The prevalence of frequent alcohol drinkers and MetS was 29·9 % and 28·0 %, respectively. Significantly higher prevalence of MetS and mean values of medical components were found in the group of frequent alcohol drinkers with an exception for HDL-cholesterol, compared with less or non-alcohol drinkers. Frequent alcohol consumption was associated with higher odds of developing MetS and positively associated with medical components excepting waist circumference.Conclusions:Frequent alcohol consumption contributed to a higher prevalence of MetS and unfavourable influence on MetS and its medical components among Chinese adults. A public health intervention on alcohol restriction is necessary for the prevention and control of the ongoing epidemic MetS.
Characterization of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for drought tolerance
Authors: Kanbar Osama Zuhair , Chege Paul , Lantos Csaba , Kiss Erzsebet , Pauk Janos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClimate change realities such as high-temperature levels are among the causes of drought episodes affecting the productivity and yield stability of crops worldwide. Breeders, therefore, have a daunting challenge to overcome and a large gap to seal in the agricultural sector arising due to drought through the improvement of new tolerant germplasm. It is in this endeavour that the present study, which included nine winter wheat genotypes grown in the greenhouse, was conducted to evaluate their performance under well-watered and drought stress treatments for the traits: heading time, plant height, above-ground biomass, seed number/plant, grain yield/plant, harvest index, root length and root dry mass. A lower grain yield/plant was observed for each studied genotype under drought stress conditions than for those under well-watered conditions. Additionally, grain yield/plant depression varied from 69.64 to 81.73% depending on the genotype. Positive significant correlations between grain yield/plant and heading time, above-ground biomass, and seed number/plant under the drought stress treatment were obtained. Genotypes that recorded high root dry mass had both high above-ground biomass and seed number/plant under drought stress conditions. Positive correlations between grain yield/plant depression and plant height, seed number/plant, and harvest index depressions were also observed. Grain yield for each genotype under drought stress conditions was recorded, and the varieties ‘Plainsman V.’, ‘GK Berény’ and germplasm ‘PC61’, ‘PC110’ showed the best drought tolerance. These genotypes and germplasm will be used in different drought tolerance experiments and breeding programmes.
A spatial machine learning model for analysing customers’ lapse behaviour in life insurance
Authors: Hu Sen , O’Hagan Adrian , Sweeney James , Ghahramani Mohammadhossein 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Spatial analysis ranges from simple univariate descriptive statistics to complex multivariate analyses and is typically used to investigate spatial patterns or to identify spatially linked consumer behaviours in insurance. This paper investigates if the incorporation of publicly available spatially linked demographic census data at population level is useful in modelling customers’ lapse behaviour (i.e. stopping payment of premiums) in life insurance policies, based on data provided by an insurance company in Ireland. From the insurance company’s perspective, identifying and assessing such lapsing risks in advance permit engagement to prevent such incidents, saving money by re-evaluating customer acquisition channels and improving capital reserve calculation and preparation. Incorporating spatial analysis in lapse modelling is expected to improve lapse prediction. Therefore, a hybrid approach to lapse prediction is proposed – spatial clustering using census data is used to reveal the underlying spatial structure of customers of the Irish life insurer, in conjunction with traditional statistical models for lapse prediction based on the company data. The primary contribution of this work is to consider the spatial characteristics of customers for life insurance lapse behaviour, via the integration of reliable government provided census demographics, which has not been considered previously in actuarial literature. Company decision-makers can use the insights gleaned from this analysis to identify customer subsets to target with personalized promotions to reduce lapse rates, and to reduce overall company risk.
A relict tropical forest bat assemblage from the early Miocene of the Ribesalbes-Alcora Basin (Castelló, Spain)
Authors: CRESPO Vicente D. , SEVILLA Paloma , MONTOYA Plini , RUIZ-SÁNCHEZ Francisco J. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTWe present the bat assemblage from the early Miocene (MN4, 16.9–15.95 MY) basin of Ribesalbes-Alcora, which has yielded the remains of ten chiropteran taxa. Bat assemblages are rarely recovered in the fluvio-lacustrine fossil record. A bat species described in this work,Cuvierimops penalverisp. nov., is a new form of a typically Oligocene free-tailed bat. In addition, the other molossidsHydromops helveticus,Rhizomops cf.brasiliensis,Chaerephonsp.,Tadaridasp., and the vespertilionidsMyotis cf.intermediusandMiostrellusaff.petersbuchensis, as well as undetermined fossils ascribed to the generaSubmyotodon,Plecotus, andRhinolophusare described. This is the first record of the genusRhizomopsin the early Miocene; the genusCuvierimopsis the first recording from the Neogene, while the ‘Lazarus taxon’Chaerephonis the first fossil record of this genus, registered previously only in Holocene deposits. This bat assemblage with a high abundance of molossids is typical from the early Oligocene of western Europe, while in the early Miocene from Europe the molossids are scarce. The abundance of these bats is consistent with the presence of a tropical forest surrounding a paleolake. The fossils from the Ribesalbes-Alcora Basin represent the most complete bat assemblage of the Iberian Peninsula during this age, and significantly increase our knowledge about the early Miocene bats of Europe.
Modeling Holocene Peatland Carbon Accumulation in North America
Authors: Zhuang Qianlai , Wang Sirui , Zhao Bailu , Aires Filipe , Prigent Catherine , Yu Zicheng , Keller Jason K. , Bridgham Scott 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPeatlands are a large carbon reservoir. Yet the quantification of their carbon stock still has a large uncertainty due to lacking observational data and well‐tested peatland biogeochemistry models. Here, a process‐based peatland model was calibrated using long‐term peat carbon accumulation data at multiple sites in North America. The model was then applied to quantify the peat carbon accumulation rates and stocks within North America over the last 12,000 years. We estimated that 85–174 Pg carbon was accumulated in North American peatlands over the study period including 0.37–0.76 Pg carbon in subtropical peatlands. During the period from 10,000 to 8,000 years ago, the warmer and wetter conditions might have played an important role in stimulating peat carbon accumulation by enhancing plant photosynthesis. Enhanced peat decomposition due to warming slowed the carbon accumulation through the rest of the Holocene. While recent modeling studies indicate that the northern peatlands will continue to act as a carbon sink in this century, our studies suggest that future enhanced peat decomposition accompanied by peatland areal changes induced by permafrost degradation and other disturbances shall confound the sink and source analysis.
Deciphering Linkages Between Microbial Communities and Priming Effects in Lake Sediments With Different Salinity
Authors: Yang Jian , Chen Yao , She Weiyu , Xiao Haiyi , Wang Zheng , Wang Huanye , Liu Weiguo , Jiang Hongchen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPriming effects (PEs) and their associated microbial drivers are not well studied in lake sediments. Here, we investigated PEs and underlying potential microbial drivers in the sediments of lakes on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Sediments were collected from three QTP lakes with different salinity, followed by microcosm construction and subsequent incubation at in situ temperature. The sediment microcosms were amended with13C‐labeled glucose, on which PE intensities were evaluated in the incubations on Days 7 and 42. Positive PEs were observed in all the studied lake sediment microcosms. PE intensities exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) linear correlations with most of the measured physicochemical factors (e.g., salinity, sediment total nitrogen/phosphorus, and ratios of carbon:nitrogen), and such linear correlations were inverse for the early (i.e., on Day 7) and late (i.e., on Day 42) PEs. Prokaryotic and fungal community compositions significantly changed owing to glucose addition in the studied lake microcosms, suggesting that both prokaryotes and fungi may contribute to the observed PEs. Network analysis showed that the numbers of positive correlations between fungal taxa and other microorganisms increased with the enhancement of the late PE intensity, suggesting that fungi and associated co‐metabolisms may play key roles in late PEs in this study. Collectively, this study gives new insights into PE intensity and underlying microbial drivers of PE in lake sediments, and such knowledge is of great importance to understanding organic matter mineralization in lake ecosystems.
Large‐Scale Rotational Motion Within the Main Central Thrust Zone in the Darjeeling‐Sikkim Himalaya, India
Authors: Roberts A. G. , Weinberg R. F. , Hunter N. J. R. , Ganade C. E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMuch of the shortening associated with the India‐Eurasia collision has been accommodated by orogen‐spanning shear zones within the fold‐and‐thrust belt that forms the Himalayan orogen. The kinematics on these shear zones and how they accommodated large‐scale displacements remain poorly understood. In general, rock flow has been described as orogen perpendicular towards the south. Here, structural mapping and microstructural analysis are applied to demonstrate that the Darjeeling‐Sikkim section of the Main Central Thrust Zone (MCTZ) records an anticlockwise rotation of the resolved stresses within the orogenic wedge, changing from south to north over the period between 20 and at least 9 Ma. The transport direction during thrusting varies systematically defining broad arcs at the scale of 50 to 100 km, rotating by up to 140° from SE‐ or S‐vergence in the north, to SW‐vergence in the south. This rotation is independent of the ~60‐km‐wide dome in the footwall of the MCTZ, exposed as a broad half‐window. Rotation may have been a response to rheological heterogeneities within the orogeny forming large‐scale flow impediments.
Understanding the 3D Formation of a Wide Rift: The Central South China Sea Rift System
Authors: Cameselle Alejandra L. , Ranero César R. , Barckhausen Udo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRifted margins result from continental lithosphere extension, breakup, and transition to seafloor spreading by modes typically described by end‐member conceptual models. However, current geophysical data challenge these archetypes showing a more complex spectrum of rifting styles. Here, we integrate geophysical and geological observations to constrain the time and space evolution of the central South China Sea (SCS) rift system. We provide new insights into the continental extension mechanisms and continent‐ocean transition (COT) formation from a seismic transect parallel to the extensional direction of the central SCS rift system. We present 850‐km‐wide region of continental crust where distributed extensional deformation formed a pattern of lithospheric boudinage defined by seven 100‐ to 200‐km‐long structural segments. Each segment is formed by an 18‐ to 24‐km‐thick crust sector laterally thinning into an interboudin neck with ≤10‐km ultrathin crust (ß factors ~3.3–6.5). Drill and stratigraphic information support that extension continued at all six interboudin necks in the central SCS until ~23 Ma, when breakup by seafloor spreading propagation reached one of them. We propose that the seven segments evolved as discrete subsystems from early rifting to breakup. Structurally equivalent ultrathin crust grabens occur NE and SW of both SCS conjugate margins, supporting a 3D wide rift mode of deformation across the SCS rift system. The six ultrathin crust contemporaneous necks and the abrupt nature and location of the COT support that the breakup was not controlled by further continental lithospheric thinning but rather was determined by the seafloor spreading propagation toward the SW.
A Geologically Based Indoor‐Radon Potential Map of Kentucky
Authors: Haneberg William C. , Wiggins Amanda , Curl Douglas C. , Greb Stephen F. , Andrews William M. , Rademacher Kathy , Rayens Mary Kay , Hahn Ellen J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe combined 71,930 short‐term (median duration 4 days) home radon test results with 1:24,000‐scale bedrock geologic map coverage of Kentucky to produce a statewide geologically based indoor‐radon potential map. The test results were positively skewed with a mean of 266 Bq/m3, median of 122 Bq/m3, and 75th percentile of 289 Bq/m3. We identified 106 formations with ≥10 test results. Analysis of results from 20 predominantly monolithologic formations showed indoor‐radon concentrations to be positively skewed on a formation‐by‐formation basis, with a proportional relationship between sample means and standard deviations. Limestone (median 170 Bq/m3) and dolostone (median 130 Bq/m3) tended to have higher indoor‐radon concentrations than siltstones and sandstones (median 67 Bq/m3) or unlithified surficial deposits (median 63 Bq/m3). Individual shales had median values ranging from 67 to 189 Bq/m3; the median value for all shale values was 85 Bq/m3. Percentages of values falling above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) action level of 148 Bq/m3 were sandstone and siltstone: 24%, unlithified clastic: 21%, dolostone: 46%, limestone: 55%, and shale: 34%. Mississippian limestones, Ordovician limestones, and Devonian black shales had the highest indoor‐radon potential values in Kentucky. Indoor‐radon test mean values for the selected formations were also weakly, but statistically significantly, correlated with mean aeroradiometric uranium concentrations. To produce a map useful to nonspecialists, we classified each of the 106 formations into five radon‐geologic classes on the basis of their 75th percentile radon concentrations. The statewide map is freely available through an interactive internet map service.
Decadal Variability in Salinity of the Indian Ocean Subtropical Underwater During the Argo Period
Authors: Nie Xunwei , Wei Zexun , Li Ying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSalinity of the Indian Ocean Subtropical Underwater (IOSTUW) showed robust decadal variability during the Argo period, with a freshening trend between 2005 and 2013 and a salinification trend between 2014 and 2019. The salinity variability of the IOSTUW originated from both the sea surface salinity maximum region in the subtropical South Indian Ocean and the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean. The mixed layer salinity variabilities in these two regions are dominated by horizontal advection, which is mainly influenced by anomalous local surface currents and salinity anomalies from the western tropical Pacific and Maritime Continent. Both of these two factors have a close relationship with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal. As a result, the mixed layer salinity in those two regions changed dramatically during the strong and long‐lasting ENSO events and thus led to the decadal variability in salinity of the IOSTUW.
Convective Invigoration Traced to Warm‐Rain Microphysics
Authors: Chua Xin Rong , Ming Yi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAerosols are postulated to alter moist convection by increasing cloud droplet number concentration (Nd). Cloud‐resolving model simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium show that higher Nd leads to stronger convective mass flux, seemingly in line with a hypothesis that links the convective invigoration to delayed rain formation allowing more cloud liquid condensate to be frozen. Yet, the invigoration is also present in an alternative model configuration with warm‐rain microphysics only, suggesting that ice microphysics is not central to the phenomenon. The key dynamical mechanism lies in the different vertical distributions of the increases in water vapor condensation and in cloud liquid reevaporation, causing a dipole pattern favoring convection. This is further supported by a pair of mechanism‐denial experiments in which an imposed weakening of cloud liquid reevaporation tends to mute invigoration.
Dielectric Properties of Lunar Subsurface Materials
Authors: Dong Zehua , Fang Guangyou , Zhao Di , Zhou Bin , Gao Yunze , Ji Yicai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe dielectric permittivity is one of the most significant properties of lunar material. For the past decades, researchers have assumed or used an indirect density versus depth relation to constrain the subsurface permittivity on the Moon. On 3 January 2019, Chang'E‐4 (CE‐4) rover‐borne lunar penetrating radar (LPR) successfully landed on the Von Kármán crater on the Moon's farside. CE‐4 LPR is the first surface radar on the Moon's farside for exploring regolith thickness and geological structure. Numerous parabolic‐shaped diffractions (PSD), which indicate subsurface objects, are identified in LPR data. We estimate the permittivity of the first ~50 m at the landing region using these PSDs based on a hyperbolic fitting method. A best‐fit permittivity/density versus depth relation is obtained, and this relation could be used at different areas on the Moon.
An 18‐Year Climatology of Directional Stratospheric Gravity Wave Momentum Flux From 3‐D Satellite Observations
Authors: Hindley N. P. , Wright C. J. , Hoffmann L. , Moffat‐Griffin T. , Mitchell N. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAtmospheric gravity waves (GWs) are key drivers of the atmospheric circulation, but their representation in general circulation models (GCMs) is challenging, leading to significant biases in middle atmospheric circulations. Unresolved GW momentum transport in GCMs must be parameterized, but global directional GW observations are needed to constrain this. Here we present an 18‐year climatology of directional stratospheric GW momentum flux (GWMF) from global AIRS/Aqua 3‐D satellite observations during 2002 to 2019. Striking hemispheric asymmetries are found at high latitudes, including dramatic reductions and reversals of GWMF during sudden stratospheric warmings. During Southern Hemisphere winter, a lateral convergence of GWMF toward 60°S is found that has no Northern Hemisphere counterpart. In the tropics, we find that zonal GWMF in AIRS measurements is strongly modulated by the semiannual oscillation (SAO) but not the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO). Our results provide guidance for future GW parameterizations needed to resolve long‐standing biases in GCMs.
Detection of Coccolithophore Blooms With BioGeoChemical‐Argo Floats
Authors: Terrats L. , Claustre H. , Cornec M. , Mangin A. , Neukermans G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoccolithophores (calcifying phytoplankton) form extensive blooms in temperate and subpolar oceans as evidenced from ocean‐color satellites. This study examines the potential to detect coccolithophore blooms with BioGeoChemical‐Argo (BGC‐Argo) floats, autonomous ocean profilers equipped with bio‐optical and physicochemical sensors. We first matched float data to ocean‐color satellite data of calcite concentration to select floats that sampled coccolithophore blooms. We identified two floats in the Southern Ocean, which measured the particulate beam attenuation coefficient (cp) in addition to two core BGC‐Argo variables, Chlorophyll‐a concentration ([Chl‐a]) and the particle backscattering coefficient (bbp). We show that coccolithophore blooms can be identified from floats by distinctively high values of (1) the bbp/cp ratio, a proxy for the refractive index of suspended particles, and (2) the bbp/[Chl‐a] ratio, measurable by any BGC‐Argo float. The latter thus paves the way to global investigations of environmental control of coccolithophore blooms and their role in carbon export.
Fault‐Zone Damage Promotes Pulse‐Like Rupture and Back‐Propagating Fronts via Quasi‐Static Effects
Authors: Idini B. , Ampuero J.‐P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDamage zones are ubiquitous components of faults that may affect earthquake rupture. Simulations show that pulse‐like rupture can be induced by the dynamic effect of waves reflected by sharp fault zone boundaries. Here we show that pulses can appear in a highly damaged fault zone even in the absence of reflected waves. We use quasi‐static scaling arguments and quasi‐dynamic earthquake cycle simulations to show that a crack turns into a pulse after the rupture has grown larger than the fault zone thickness. Accompanying the pulses, we find complex rupture patterns involving back‐propagating fronts that emerge from the primary rupture front. Our model provides a mechanism for back‐propagating fronts recently observed during large earthquakes. Moreover, we find that slow‐slip simulations in a highly compliant fault zone also produce back‐propagating fronts, suggesting a new mechanism for the rapid tremor reversals observed in Cascadia and Japan.
Energetic Proton Acceleration Associated With Io's Footprint Tail
Authors: Clark G. , Mauk B. H. , Kollmann P. , Szalay J. R. , Sulaiman A. H. , Gershman D. J. , Saur J. , Janser S. , Garcia‐Sage K. , Greathouse T. , Paranicas C. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. J. , Connerney J. E. P. , Ebert R. W. , Hospodarsky G. , Haggerty D. , Hue V. , Imai M. , Kotsiaros S. , McComas D. J. , Rymer A. , Westlake J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObservations of energetic charged particles associated with Io's footprint (IFP) tail, and likely within or very near the Main Alfvén Wing, during Juno's 12th perijove (PJ) crossing show evidence of intense proton acceleration by wave‐particle heating. Measurements made by Juno/JEDI reveal proton characteristics that include pitch angle distributions concentrated along the upward loss cone, broad energy distributions that span ~50 keV to 1 MeV, highly structured temporal/spatial variations in the particle intensities, and energy fluxes as high as ~100 mW/m2. Simultaneous measurements of the plasma waves and magnetic field suggest the presence of ion cyclotron waves and transverse Alfvénic fluctuations. We interpret the proton observations as upgoing conics likely accelerated via resonant interactions with ion cyclotron waves. These observations represent the first measurements of ion conics associated with moon‐magnetosphere interactions, suggesting energetic ion acceleration plays a more important role in the IFP tail region than previously considered.