bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gifting Architecture: China and the National Stadium in Costa Rica, 2007–11
Authors: Verri Valeria Guzmán 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe delivery of stadiums — either as gifts or as concessional loans — is part of a strategy that the People's Republic of China has been implementing since the mid-1960s in its diplomatic relations with Asian, African, Caribbean and South Pacific countries. The National Stadium in Costa Rica, designed and built from 2007 to 2011, is a prime example of China's diplomatic drive through the cultural-geopolitical spaces of the ‘Third World’. It reveals the political, financial and diplomatic operations at stake, the kind of roles architects are expected to perform and the forms of architectural debate (if any) they elicit. The stadium also brought with it the visions, interests and weaknesses of specific architectural practices related to Chinese foreign-aid projects, which involved the replication of identical forms across continents. The building highlights the interrelated processes that China has developed over decades through diplomacy and financing, the construction industry, public administration, architectural know-how and global trade.
The Spatial Transformation Process and Critical Time Node Detection in Global Extreme High Temperature Clusters
Authors: Zhang Ting , Cheng Changxiu , Song Changqing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtreme high temperature (EHT) events have caused serious impact on society. In previous research, EHT indices seldom consider spatial aggregation. To conduct the comprehensive evaluation, the global EHT days from 1979 to 2017 have been evaluated in terms of high temperature duration, accumulative temperature intensities and magnitude of spatial aggregation based on ERA‐Interim 2 m air temperature data set. In addition, abnormal warming of polar and ocean surfaces has rarely been addressed in global‐scale studies. To address this deficiency, the indices of EHT days are normalized by maximum in history for each location. To solve the time discontinuity problem on EHT spatiotemporal distribution in previous studies, we utilized spatiotemporal scan statistics to detect EHT spatiotemporal clusters (EHT‐STCs), and clusters correspond to a certain spatiotemporal extent where the EHT events are aggregated. This method actualizes time‐continuous and spatiotemporal integral detection. The results show the following: 1. There are apparent changes in EHT‐STC spatial distribution after 1999, so 1999 can be recognized as the critical time node of EHT‐STC spatial transformation. 2. After 1999, the EHT‐STC number gradually increased, and the duration and spatial coverage of EHT‐STC gradually expanded. Overall, EHT‐STCs display a significant northward migration, with an average northward movement of 7.03° for each transition from 1979 to 2017. 3. There are differences in the extremity and transformation process in different regions. EHT‐STCs in Antarctica are concentrated before 1992, with the strongest EHT extremity; EHT‐STCs in the Arctic and middle‐low latitude continents are concentrated after 2010 and 1999 respectively, both with a strong EHT extremity. There is a similar EHT‐STC number in the middle‐low latitude ocean before and after 1999 with the weakest extremity. These results contribute to determining EHT causes and future trends in global climate change.
On the Semiannual Formation of Large Scale Three‐Dimensional Vortices at the Stratopause
Authors: O'Kane Terence J. , Kitsios Vassili , Collier Mark A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn examination of the dynamics of the middle atmosphere as reconstructed in the NASA Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA‐2) reveals the formation of large scale three‐dimensional (3D) vortices in the tropical stratosphere following both the vernal and autumnal equinoxes at times when the jet associated with the westerly phase of the semiannual oscillation (SAO) is maximal and extratropical influences from planetary waves are weakest. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the second matrix invariant of the velocity gradient tensor applied to the shear zones about the SAO reveals statistically stationary wave‐5 vortex structures that span more than 3,200 km in length and up to 40 km in the vertical. Eliassen‐Palm fluxes suggests the vortices are maintained by a combination of local (shear zones) and remote (vertically propagating tropical) sources of momentum. These large‐scale coherent features appear to be unique to the stratopause.
Modeling Multiphase Flow Within and Around Deformable Porous Materials: A Darcy‐Brinkman‐Biot Approach
Authors: Carrillo Francisco J. , Bourg Ian C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a new computational fluid dynamics approach for simulating two‐phase flow in hybrid systems containing solid‐free regions and deformable porous matrices. Our approach is based on the derivation of a unique set of volume‐averaged partial differential equations that asymptotically approach the Navier‐Stokes Volume‐of‐Fluid equations in solid‐free regions and multiphase Biot Theory in porous regions. The resulting equations extend our recently developed Darcy‐Brinkman‐Biot framework to multiphase flow. Through careful consideration of interfacial dynamics (relative permeability and capillary effects) and extensive benchmarking, we show that the resulting model accurately captures the strong two‐way coupling that is often exhibited between multiple fluids and deformable porous media. Thus, it can be used to represent flow‐induced material deformation (swelling, compression) and failure (cracking, fracturing). The model's open‐source numerical implementation, hybridBiotInterFoam, effectively marks the extension of computational fluid mechanics into modeling multiscale multiphase flow in deformable porous systems. The versatility of the solver is illustrated through applications related to material failure in poroelastic coastal barriers and surface deformation due to fluid injection in poro‐visco‐plastic systems.
Titanium mesh for bone augmentation in oral implantology: current application and progress
Authors: Xie Yu , Li Songhang , Zhang Tianxu , Wang Chao , Cai Xiaoxiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGuided bone regeneration (GBR) is an effective and simple method for bone augmentation, which is often used to reconstruct the alveolar ridge when the bone defect occurs in the implant area. Titanium mesh has expanded the indications of GBR technology due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, so that the GBR technology can be used to repair alveolar ridges with larger bone defects, and can obtain excellent and stable bone augmentation results. Currently, GBR with titanium mesh has various clinical applications, including different clinical procedures. Bone graft materials, titanium mesh covering methods, and titanium mesh fixing methods are also optional. Moreover, the research of GBR with titanium mesh has led to multifarious progresses in digitalization and material modification. This article reviews the properties of titanium mesh and the difference of titanium mesh with other barrier membranes; the current clinical application of titanium mesh in bone augmentation; common complications and management and prevention methods in the application of titanium mesh; and research progress of titanium mesh in digitization and material modification. Hoping to provide a reference for further improvement of titanium mesh in clinical application and related research of titanium mesh.
Rapid and complete inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by ultraviolet-C irradiation
Authors: Storm Nadia , McKay Lindsay G. A. , Downs Sierra N. , Johnson Rebecca I. , Birru Dagnachew , de Samber Marc , Willaert Walter , Cennini Giovanni , Griffiths Anthony 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has devastated global public health systems and economies, with over 52 million people infected, millions of jobs and businesses lost, and more than 1 million deaths recorded to date. Contact with surfaces contaminated with droplets generated by infected persons through exhaling, talking, coughing and sneezing is a major driver of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with the virus being able to survive on surfaces for extended periods of time. To interrupt these chains of transmission, there is an urgent need for devices that can be deployed to inactivate the virus on both recently and existing contaminated surfaces. Here, we describe the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in both wet and dry format using radiation generated by a commercially available Signify ultraviolet (UV)-C light source at 254 nm. We show that for contaminated surfaces, only seconds of exposure is required for complete inactivation, allowing for easy implementation in decontamination workflows.
Grand-potential based phase-field model for systems with interstitial sites
Authors: Kubendran Amos P. G. , Nestler Britta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExisting grand-potential based multicomponent phase-field model is extended to handle systems with interstitial sublattice. This is achieved by treating the concentration of alloying elements in site-fraction. Correspondingly, the chemical species are distinguished based on their lattice positions, and their mode of diffusion, interstitial or substitutional, is appropriately realised. An approach to incorporate quantitative driving-force, through parabolic approximation of CALPHAD data, is introduced. By modelling austenite decomposition in ternary Fe–C–Mn, albeit in a representative microstructure, the ability of the current formalism to handle phases with interstitial components, and to distinguish interstitial diffusion from substitutional in grand-potential framework is elucidated. Furthermore, phase transformation under paraequilibrium is modelled to demonstrate the limitation of adopting mole-fraction based formulation to treat multicomponent systems.
State-specific projection of COVID-19 infection in the United States and evaluation of three major control measures
Authors: Chen Shi , Li Qin , Gao Song , Kang Yuhao , Shi Xun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMost models of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States do not consider geographic variation and spatial interaction. In this research, we developed a travel-network-based susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) mathematical compartmental model system that characterizes infections by state and incorporates inflows and outflows of interstate travelers. Modeling reveals that curbing interstate travel when the disease is already widespread will make little difference. Meanwhile, increased testing capacity (facilitating early identification of infected people and quick isolation) and strict social-distancing and self-quarantine rules are most effective in abating the outbreak. The modeling has also produced state-specific information. For example, for New York and Michigan, isolation of persons exposed to the virus needs to be imposed within 2 days to prevent a broad outbreak, whereas for other states this period can be 3.6 days. This model could be used to determine resources needed before safely lifting state policies on social distancing.
Beyond the Patient: A Mixed-Methods Inquiry Into Family Members' Involvement in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease to Target Third-Party Disability
Authors: Mach Helen , Baylor Carolyn , Hunting Pompon Rebecca , Yorkston Kathryn 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Family members of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) may experience third-party disability, manifesting as difficulty managing communication breakdowns and changed relationships influenced by communication disorders. This study examined family involvement in therapy to address third-party disability from the perspective of family members of people with PD and speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Method

A mixed-methods design was used with two phases of data collection. In Phase 1 qualitative interviews, nine family members shared their perspectives about their involvement in therapy. In Phase 2, a survey was developed from Phase 1 data to gather data from SLPs (
N
= 110) on their clinical practices involving family members.

Results
Family members and SLPs agreed that when family were involved in therapy, it was primarily to support therapy exercises for the person with PD. Many SLPs reported providing supportive activities for family members. However, qualitative data from family members suggested that the limited involvement they had in therapy did not sufficiently meet their unique needs resulting from communication changes with the person with PD and other related challenges. Constraints influencing family member involvement included insurance billing regulations, privacy laws for patients, and family members' availability.

Conclusions
While some families and SLPs reported efforts to specifically include families and address their needs in therapy, these practices were inconsistent and, from families' perspectives, insufficient to meet their own needs. Future research should consider family-centered approaches that involve family members in speech-language therapy to enhance their daily lives, along with persons with PD.
Holistic Admissions: From Paper File to Live Interview
Authors: Scheer-Cohen Alison R. , Heisler Lori , Moineau Suzanne 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
The holistic approach to admissions includes an evaluation of traditional measures (e.g., cumulative grade-point average), attributes unique to the applicant (e.g., leadership), and variables important to the field (e.g., interpersonal skills). Outlined in this clinical focus article is an innovative approach to holistic admissions that includes evaluation of a video-recorded response to a case-based prompt and a live interview that includes application of knowledge, demonstration of critical thinking skills, and assessment of personal attributes.

Conclusions:
This comprehensive process includes evaluation of an applicant's knowledge, skills, and professional dispositions. Planning, implementation, outcomes, evaluation, and challenges of this approach are discussed.
Monitoring area screening of AC system to improve embedded VSC‐HVDC operation efficiency
Authors: Lee Jaehyeong , Kim Woosung , Jung Seungmin , Suh Jaewan , Yoon Minhan , Jang Gilsoo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the increasing number of embedded high‐voltage DC (HVDC) projects in AC systems, there is growing research interest in controlling the operating point of the HVDC in real time. This real‐time operation system requires the AC system information to be continuously updated, which involves practical challenges such as the burden of communication. To mitigate this problem, this paper proposes a novel technique to screen the AC system monitoring area for the efficient operation of the embedded HVDC. The screening algorithm determines the monitoring area by HVDC sensitivity analysis using the power transfer distribution factor. Then, a reliable and efficient grid operation is enabled using the limited data obtained from the determined area. The proposed methodology is verified using a Korean power system with multiple HVDCs. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed technology are verified by comparing the results obtained using the system‐wide data with those obtained from the monitoring area.
Investigations on STATCOM using current error space phasor based modified hysteresis current controller
Authors: Raju Athira , Cheriyan Elizabeth P , Ramchand Rijil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA STATCOM that employs a nearly constant switching frequency hysteresis current controlled VSI is presented in this paper. Hysteresis controller enhances the dynamic performance of STATCOM. The switching frequency variations associated with the conventional hysteresis current controller is reduced by using a variable hysteresis boundary. Variable hysteresis boundary is predetermined by the current error, based on the sampled magnitudes of the reference voltage vector. This makes the switching frequency nearly constant and switching vector selection optimal. As a result, a voltage FFT profile similar to that of a space vector modulated STATCOM is obtained. Choosing a space vector based reference voltage vector keeps the current error within the pre‐calculated boundaries and improves the current tracking capability of STATCOM. The systematic method of selecting a switching sequence avoids random switching. Effectiveness of the proposed method for the control of grid‐connected STATCOM is experimentally verified and compared with a voltage‐controlled space vector modulated voltage source inverter based STATCOM. The hardware implementation of the controller for grid‐connected STATCOM is carried out in OPAL‐RT real‐time simulator platform and experimentally validated for a three‐phase balanced load of 5 kVA.
Hyperspectral image classification using 3D 2D CNN
Authors: Diakite Alou , Jiangsheng Gui , Xiaping Fu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent works have shown that deep‐learning‐derived methods based on convolutional neural network can achieve high performance in terms of accuracy when applied to computer vision task such as object detection, segmentation and classification particularly on hyperspectral image. However, the existing methods have long training times. To reduce the training time and increase the accuracy, this paper proposed a new 3D2D convolutional neural network combined for hyperspectral image classification. For this purpose, a 3D fast learning block (depthwise separable convolution block and a fast convolution block) followed by a 2D convolutional neural network was introduced to extract spectralspatial features. Four datasets were used for the experiment purpose and the results showed that the proposed method achieved excellent result on both small and large training data compared with existing methods. The proposed method increased the overall accuracies by 2% on UP and KSC datasets while significantly reducing the training time on IP and KSC datasets, respectively. The proposed method increased all accuracies for at least 6% on IP, KSC and UP datasets when compared to some state‐of‐the‐art methods. Also, it reduced considerably the training and testing time on IP and KSC datasets when fast convolution block alone is involved.
Finite element analysis of surface elastic waveguide based on pyramidal phononic crystal
Authors: Lekhal Djamel , Mekkakia‐Maaza Nasr‐Eddine , Lakhdari Abdelghani 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a pyramidal phononic crystal waveguide, deposited on a thick substrate made of silicon, is studied. The pillars are arranged in a square array on the top surface of the substrate. By using the finite element method, the surface modes are investigated, and the band structures of the surface acoustic waves and the corresponding transmission spectrum are calculated, to study the effect of local resonance of the pyramidal pillars on the band gap. The pyramidal pillars have a rising mass density from the top surface of the pyramid, where the elastic energy can be well confined within. This type of phononic crystals offers further possibilities for filtering and guiding of elastic waves in nanostructures, which can be used in nanoelectromechanical and microelectromechanical engineering systems.
Encapsulating Keggin‐H3PW12O40 into UIO‐66(Zr) for manufacturing the biodiesel
Authors: Zhu Jiayu , Wang Ze , Song Xinluo , Zhao Bangyao , Li Yafeng , Wang Yuanrui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the presence of acetic acid as modulated agent, Keggin‐H3PW12O40 (K‐PW12) has been encapsulated into UIO‐66(Zr) by the solvothermal method. The as‐synthesized K‐PW12@UIO‐66(Zr) composite has further been characterized by PXRD, TG, FTIR, ICP‐AES, N2 isothermal adsorption, SEM and TEM. The results exhibit that Keggin‐H3PW12O40 is entrapped into the interior cage of UIO‐66(Zr) framework which is enlarged by losing terephthalic acid linker in the presence of acetic acid. K‐PW12@UIO‐66(Zr) composite can efficiently catalyse the esterification of methanol and oleic acid into biodiesel.
The photo‐mechanical response characteristics of carbon nanocoil‐based cantilever
Authors: Wang P. , Wang Q. L. , Deng C. H. , Pan L. J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarbon nanocoils (CNCs), with quasi‐1D morphology and unique helical structure, are found to have great potential as nanocantilevers for multifunctional micro/nano electro‐mechanical devices and systems. Instead of conventional mechanical actuation, photo‐actuation is a high‐efficient and low‐power‐consuming approach with the advantages of remote control and possible utilization of solar energy. This work investigates the photo‐mechanics of CNC‐based cantilever. An “enhancement of photo‐mechanical response” effect is found, which comes from the photothermal coupling between CNC and surrounding environment. Moreover, for curving CNCs, the photo‐induced vibration of CNC cantilever is strongly modulated through regulating the laser‐irradiation position. The amplitude‐to‐length ratio increases nearly five‐fold, from 0.05 to 0.24. CNC‐based nanocantilevers have promising applications in photo‐controlled thermal generators and photo‐driven actuators.
Multi‐harmonic oscillation and stability analysis of double‐input buck/buck‐boost inverter
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Wei , Ding Honghui , Zheng Feng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, multi‐harmonic oscillation behaviour and stability problem in double‐input buck/buck–boost inverter are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. First, the observer‐pattern model is obtained by the local orthogonal and autonomous transformation in order to eliminate the time‐variance effect from both fundamental component and the ‘hidden’ second‐harmonic in the double‐input cascade system. Based on the proposed model, bifurcation analysis method is employed to reveal the underlying mechanism of the multi‐harmonic oscillation behaviour and identify the dominant harmonics. It is shown that the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation results in the double‐adding harmonic oscillation, and the interaction between the double‐adding harmonic components and the ‘hidden’ second harmonic component is also responsible for the multi‐harmonic oscillation behaviour. Meanwhile, the occurrence of the multi‐harmonic oscillations leads to the decrease of the system efficiency. For stability enhancement, the harmonic‐stability sensitivity is presented to evaluate the influence of the key circuit parameters on the system stability quantitatively. In addition, the stability boundaries of the double‐input inverter for these key parameters are provided to guide the system optimal design. Finally, the effectiveness of the above analysis is verified by those experimental results.
A new pulse measurement method for magnetisation characteristics of small loss angle core
Authors: Jinghui Wang , Dayi Su , Wei Chen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is difficult to measure the magnetisation characteristics of magnetic powder cores with small loss angle and high saturation flux density. Here, a new pulse measurement method is proposed, in which the capacitance with preset bias voltage applies pulse excitation voltage to the measured magnetic component through RLC oscillation discharge, and the air core inductor whose permeability is vacuum permeability is used as the standard magnetic component to eliminate the numerical differential error of the traditional pulse measurement method. Based on the detailed analysis of the measurement principle and error source of the new pulse measurement method, the measurement system is established. The impedance analyser method is used to verify that it can accurately measure the magnetisation characteristics of the magnetic powder core with small loss angle.