bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrigendum: Two blocks connected by a string with variable tension: a dynamic case (2020 Phys. Educ.
55
055022)
Authors: Herrera-Suárez H J , Machado-Higuera M , Muñoz J H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this corrigendum we correct some typing errors. The corrections do not have any impact on the conclusions of the paper.
Observational characteristics of SiO masers around VX Sgr
Authors: Su Jiang-Bo , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Chen Xi , Liu Jing , Wang Yan , Zhao Yi-Bin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
SiO maser VLBA observations toward VX Sgr are performed at five epochs, and lots of maser spots are obtained. We make a statistical analysis on these spots. It is shown that the apparent sizes and the fluxes of maser spots decrease with increasing the distance from the central star. In addition, the similarity between the v = 1,2 (J = 1−0) spectrums increases with epochs, consistent with the full width at half maximum (FWHM), while the total fluxes increase. The results may be related to the changeable pumping mechanisms.
Potential responses and resilience of Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age societies to mid-to Late Holocene climate change on the southern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Weinelt Mara , Kneisel Jutta , Schirrmacher Julien , Hinz Martin , Ribeiro Artur 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this investigation, we use a socio-environmental multi-proxy approach to empirically test hypotheses of recurrent resilience cycles and the role of climate forcing in shaping such cycles on the Iberian Peninsula during mid-Holocene times. Our approach combines time series reconstructions of societal and environmental variables from the southern Iberian Peninsula across a 3000 yr time interval (6000–3000 cal yr BP), covering major societal and climate reorganisation. Our approach is based on regional compilations of climate variables from diverse terrestrial archives and integrates new marine climate records from the Western Mediterranean. Archaeological variables include changes in material culture, settlement reconstructions and estimates of human activities. In particular, both detailed chronologies of human activities evolving from the Late Neolithic to the Bronze Age and mid- to Late Holocene climate change across the mid-Holocene are compared, aiming to assess potential human responses and coping processes associated with abrupt mid-Holocene climate changes.
Assessing the future of global energy-for-water
Authors: Kyle Page , Hejazi Mohamad , Kim Son , Patel Pralit , Graham Neal , Liu Yaling 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study incorporates the energy demands of water abstraction, treatment, distribution, and post-use wastewater treatment into the Global Change Analysis Model, an integrated human-Earth systems model, and analyzes a range of scenarios that estimate the future evolution of this demand of energy. The study complements research on historical and future water-for-energy, and builds on bottom-up estimates of historical energy-for-water (EFW), by integrating EFW into nation-level energy statistics, where EFW is normally categorized with other energy use in the commercial and public services, industrial, agricultural, and/or electric power sectors. This development allows more resolved projections of future energy demands in general, and in this study, allows for assessment of the energy implications of improvements in water access and water quality that are consistent with the sustainable development goals (SDGs). In our baseline scenario, EFW increases by 2.6 times from 2015 to 2050, and in the SDG scenario with enhanced water access, standards for treatment of wastewater, and irrigation, the consequent EFW demands quadruple from 2015 to 2050. The study highlights the value of integrated, multi-sector analysis in quantifying the future impacts of the SDGs and other aspirational targets.
Trigonometric

∨

-systems and solutions of WDVV equations
*
Authors: Alkadhem Maali , Feigin Misha 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider a class of trigonometric solutions of Witten–Dijkgraaf–Verlinde–Verlinde equations determined by collections of vectors with multiplicities. We show that such solutions can be restricted to special subspaces to produce new solutions of the same type. We find new solutions given by restrictions of root systems, as well as examples which are not of this form. Further, we consider a closely related notion of a trigonometric ∨-system, and we show that its subsystems are also trigonometric ∨-systems. Finally, while reviewing the root system case we determine a version of (generalised) Coxeter number for the exterior square of the reflection representation of a Weyl group.
Generalized Bäcklund transformations for affine Toda hierarchies
Authors: de Carvalho Ferreira J M , Gomes J F , Lobo G V , Zimerman A H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The construction of generalized Bäcklund transformation for the A

n
affine Toda hierarchy is proposed in terms of gauge transformation acting on the zero curvature representation. Such construction is based upon the graded structure of the underlying affine algebra which induces a classification of generalized Bäcklund transformations. Moreover, explicit examples for sl(3) and sl(4) lead to uncover interesting composition properties of various types of Bäcklund transformations. The universality character of the gauge-Bäcklund transformation method is extended to all equations of the hierarchy. Such interesting property provides a systematic framework to construct Bäcklund transformations to higher flow equations. Explicit example for the simplest higher flow of the sl(3) hierarchy is presented.
Weed–Insect Interactions in Annual Cropping Systems
Authors: Barbercheck Mary E , Wallace John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Agricultural production is increasingly viewed as more than a source of food, feed, fiber and fuel, but also as a system of interdependent biotic and abiotic components that interact to produce ecosystem services and disservices. Weeds and insects are commonly viewed as non-desirable components of agroecosystems that should be managed. However, weeds can also provide benefits to cropping systems, such as providing resources and habitat to pollinators and other beneficial arthropods. This review on weed–insect interactions in annual cropping systems focuses on functional interactions within the context of regulating and supporting ecosystem services and disservices. Regulating services are those that act as regulators of the environment, such as weed–insect interactions that contribute to the regulating services of pollination and biological control, but also contribute to the disservices of crop and cover crop seed predation, and maintenance of insect pests and insect-transmitted phytopathogens. Supporting services include habitat and biodiversity that are necessary for the production and maintenance of the other types of ecosystem services. Here we review the impacts of weed–insect interactions as a component of biodiversity. We conclude by identifying some knowledge gaps that hinder our understanding of trade-offs when seeking to improve net positive ecosystem services in annual cropping systems.
Decoding the Content of Auditory Sensory Memory Across Species
Authors: Cappotto Drew , Auksztulewicz Ryszard , Kang HiJee , Poeppel David , Melloni Lucia , Schnupp Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In contrast to classical views of working memory (WM) maintenance, recent research investigating activity-silent neural states has demonstrated that persistent neural activity in sensory cortices is not necessary for active maintenance of information in WM. Previous studies in humans have measured putative memory representations indirectly, by decoding memory contents from neural activity evoked by a neutral impulse stimulus. However, it is unclear whether memory contents can also be decoded in different species and attentional conditions. Here, we employ a cross-species approach to test whether auditory memory contents can be decoded from electrophysiological signals recorded in different species. Awake human volunteers (N = 21) were exposed to auditory pure tone and noise burst stimuli during an auditory sensory memory task using electroencephalography. In a closely matching paradigm, anesthetized female rats (N = 5) were exposed to comparable stimuli while neural activity was recorded using electrocorticography from the auditory cortex. In both species, the acoustic frequency could be decoded from neural activity evoked by pure tones as well as neutral frozen noise burst stimuli. This finding demonstrates that memory contents can be decoded in different species and different states using homologous methods, suggesting that the mechanisms of sensory memory encoding are evolutionarily conserved across species.
Popularity and centrality in Spotify networks: critical transitions in eigenvector centrality
Authors: South Tobin , Roughan Matthew , Mitchell Lewis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The modern age of digital music access has increased the availability of data about music consumption and creation, facilitating the large-scale analysis of the complex networks that connect musical works and artists. Data about user streaming behaviour and the musical collaboration networks are particularly important with new data-driven recommendation systems. Here, we present a new collaboration network of artists from the online music streaming service Spotify and demonstrate a critical change in the eigenvector centrality of artists, as low popularity artists are removed. This critical change in centrality, from a central core of classical artists to a core of rap artists, demonstrates deeper structural properties of the network. Both the popularity and degree of collaborators play an important role in the centrality of these groups. Rap artists have dense collaborations with other popular artists whereas classical artists are diversely connected to a large number of low and medium popularity artists throughout the graph through renditions and compilations. A Social Group Centrality model is presented to simulate this critical transition behaviour, and switching between dominant eigenvectors is observed. By contrasting a group of high-degree diversely connected community leaders to a group of celebrities which only connect to high popularity nodes, this model presents a novel investigation into the effect of popularity bias on how centrality and importance are measured.
Effects of Plant Stress on Aphid–Parasitoid Interactions: Drought Improves Aphid Suppression
Authors: Kansman Jessica T , Ward Mason , LaFond Harper , Finke Deborah L 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDrought events have the potential to mediate tri-trophic interactions. Changes in plant quality influence herbivore performance, which affects prey availability and quality for natural enemies. Parasitoid wasps are particularly vulnerable to these changes since their development is inextricably linked to that of their prey. However, we know little about the indirect effects of plant water limitation on parasitoid performance, especially the consequences of mild water limitation. This study investigated the ability of a parasitoid wasp (Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)) to suppress aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae)) populations on well-watered, mildly stressed, or highly stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. (Poales: Poaceae)). We then investigated the role that aphid body size and behavioral interactions might play in wasp acceptance of aphid hosts. We found improved aphid suppression under mild and high-water limitation, but the underlying mechanisms were different. Mild-stress appeared to maximize parasitoid performance, as indicated by the highest mummy production. Aphids were larger when feeding on mildly stressed plants than on any other treatment, which suggests improved aphid quality for parasitoids. Improved aphid suppression under high-stress may have been driven by enhanced nonconsumptive effects. Despite improved aphid suppression, mummy formation was lowest on highly stressed plants. High-stress conditions have been shown to negatively affect aphid performance, so improved aphid suppression may be driven by poor aphid performance exacerbating the cost of interactions with parasitoids, such as stinging. No differences were observed in parasitoid foraging behaviors such as antennation or stinging across any treatments. This study highlights the importance of plant water stress intensity in affecting outcomes of parasitoid–host interactions.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ALLOZYME GENOTYPES AND QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN DOUGLAS-FIR [PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII (MIRB.) FRANCO]
Authors: El-Kassaby Yousry A 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Effects of maternal genotypes for eight enzyme loci on seven quantitative traits in 41 half-sib families were determined. Heritability estimates for the quantitative traits were highly significant and ranged from 0.57 to 0.86. Only six of 112 comparisons (56 comparisons for each of the genotypes and 56 for homozygous versus heterozygous contrasts) were statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). None of these significant comparisons could be associated with either a particular allele or a particular genotype. No heterotic effects were observed when the homozygous genotypes were compared with the heterozygous ones. Because the quantitative traits are highly correlated, a discriminant function analysis was performed to obtain the two most important canonical variates that accounted for 75% of the variance in the quantitative traits. There were no significant associations among enzyme loci and the two canonical variates. I conclude that, in this study, enzyme genotypic differences do not influence the quantitative traits to a major extent.
CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY IN BARLEY. XI. THE msm2 CYTOPLASM
Authors: Ahokas H 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
A new cytoplasmic male sterility in barley (Hordeum vulgare s.l.) is described and designated as msm2. The cytoplasm was derived from a selection of the wild progenitor of barley (H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum). This selection, 79BS14-3, originates from the Southern Coastal Plain of Israel. The selection 79BS14-3 has a normal spike fertility in Finland. When 79BS14-3 was crossed by cv. Adorra, the F1 displayed partial male fertility and progeny of recurrent backcrosses with cv. Adorra were completely male sterile. Evidently 79BS14-3 is a carrier of a recessive or semidominant restorer gene of fertility. The dominant restorer gene Rfm1a for another cytoplasmic male sterility, msm1, is also effective in msm2 cytoplasm. The different partial fertility restoration properties of msm2 and msm1 cause these cytoplasms to be regarded as being distinct. Seventy spontaneum accessions from Israel have been studied for their capacity to produce F1 restoration of male fertility both in msm1 and in msm2 cytoplasms with a cv. Adorra-like seed parent (nuclear gene) background. The msm2 cytoplasm shows partial restoration more commonly than msm1 in these F1 combinations. The mean restoration percentage per accession for msm2 is 28, and for msm1 4. Most of the F1 seed set differences of the two cytoplasms are statistically significant. When estimated with partially restored F1 combinations, msm2 cytoplasm appeared to be about 50 times more sensitive to the male fertility-promoting genes present in the spontaneum accessions. The spontaneum sample from Central and Western Negev, which has been found to be devoid of restoration ability in msm1 cytoplasm, had only low partial restoration ability in msm2 (mean 0.3%). The female fertility of msm2 appears normal. The new msm2 cytoplasm could be useful in producing hybrid barley.
MOLECULAR FATE OF HETEROLOGOUS BACTERIAL DNA IN COMPETENT BACILLUS SUBTILIS. II. UNSTABLE ASSOCIATION OF HETEROLOGOUS DNA WITH THE RECIPIENT CHROMOSOME
Authors: te Riele Hein P J , Venema Gerard 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
In CsCl density gradients of lysates from competent Bacillus subtilis cells, which had been exposed to heterologous bacterial DNA, very little donor-recipient complex (DRC) formation could be detected. The present study demonstrates that photocrosslinking of such lysates by irradiation with long-wave UV light in the presence of 4,5′,8-trimethylpsoralen results in a dramatic increase in the amount of heterologous DRC. This phenomenon may be interpreted as the stabilization of a pre-existing weak association between entered heterologous donor DNA and one recipient strand in unpaired regions of the chromosome. When a recombination-deficient mutant is used, the amount of stabilizable heterologous DRC is reduced to the same extent as the specific transforming activity of homologous DNA. Although the amount of stabilizable complex is related to the degree of homology between donor and recipient DNA, this relation is not a quantitative one. Probably the association is caused by very short regions of base pairing between the donor and recipient moieties in the complex. Heating of a lysate at 70° prior to photocrosslinking prevents stabilization, apparently because the regions of base pairing are rapidly melted out. The results described in this paper can be best interpreted as the fixation of a process in which entered donor DNA in competent cells tries to find homologous stretches in the recipient chromosome.
THE GENETICS OF A SMALL CHROMOSOME REGION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER CONTAINING THE STRUCTURAL GENE FOR ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE. IV: SCUTOID, AN ANTIMORPHIC MUTATION
Authors: Ashburner M , Tsubota S , Woodruff R C 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Exchange mapping locates the dominant mutation Scutoid to the right of Adh on chromosome arm 2L of D. melanogaster. However, deletion mapping indicates that Sco is to the left of Adh. The phenotype of Sco is sensitive to mutation, or deletion, of noc + and of three genes, el, l(2)br22, and l(2)br29 mapping immediately distal to noc. The four contiguous loci, el, l(2)br22, l(2)br29 and noc, although separable by deletion end points, interact, because certain (or all) alleles of these four loci show partial failure of complementation, or even negative complementation. The simplest hypothesis is that Sco is a small reciprocal transposition, the genes noc, osp, and Adh exchanging places with three genes normally mapping proximal to them: l(2)br34, l(2)br35 and rd. The Sco phenotype is thought to result from a position effect at the newly created noc/l(2)br28 junction.
HETEROKARYON ANALYSIS OF THE GENETIC CONTROL OF PIGMENT SYNTHESIS IN CHICK EMBRYO MELANOCYTES
Authors: Wilkins L M , Brumbaugh J A , Moore J W 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The genetic control of pigmentation was analyzed using five unlinked mutants, namely, c, pk, Bl, ey and I. Each mutant blocks or reduces pigmentation. Chick melanocyte cultures of each mutant type were fused to produce all ten possible pair combinations of nondividing heterokaryons. Heterokaryons were identified autoradiographically. (One partner in each pair was labeled with 3H-thymidine.) Crosses produced comparable pairs of double heterozygotes that were analyzed in vivo and in vitro. Heterokaryon pairs were compared to their corresponding double heterozygotes.—Some combinations showed complementation and produced wild-type pigment. Others showed noncomplementation having little or no pigment. Double heterozygotes complemented each other except in the cases involving the dominant mutant, I. Four heterokaryon pairs gave different results from their corresponding double heterozygotes. The pk-Bl and pk-ey combinations failed to complement as heterokaryons but did complement as double heterozygotes. On the other hand, the I-c and I-Bl combinations complemented as heterokaryons but not as double heterozygotes. Based on these differences it is hypothesized that the pk and I loci are nuclearly restricted regulatory elements. Examples in the literature from other systems are cited to support such a hypothesis.
PEP4 GENE FUNCTION IS REQUIRED FOR EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL VACUOLAR HYDROLASES IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
Authors: Jones Elizabeth W , Zubenko George S , Parker Roy R 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The pep4-3 mutation results in a 90-95% reduction in the levels of five vacuolar hydrolases in yeast, including proteinases A and B, carboxypeptidase Y, RNase(s) and the repressible alkaline phosphatase. The mutation is without effect on two secreted glycoproteins, on an enzyme of the vacuolar membrane, and on a proteinase located outside of the vacuole. Mutations at the PEP4 locus exhibit a dosage effect on the levels of some, but not all, of the enzymes whose expression requires the function of the gene.
A GENETIC MAP OF DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM BASED ON MITOTIC RECOMBINATION
Authors: Welker Dennis L , Williams Keith L 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
A genetic map of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is presented in which 42 loci are ordered on five of the seven linkage groups. Although most of the loci were ordered using standing mitotic crossing-over techniques in which recessive selective markers were employed, use was also made of unselected recombined haploid strains. Consistent with cytological studies in which the chromosomes appear to be acrocentric, only a single arm has been found for each of the five linkage groups studied. The mating-type locus, matA, has been located in the tsgE-sprA interval on linkage group I on the basis of studies on diploids formed between strains of opposite mating type that have escaped from vegetative incompatibility.
VITAL GENES THAT FLANK SEX-LETHAL, AN X-LINKED SEX-DETERMINING GENE OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Nicklas Janice A , Cline Thomas W 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The X-chromosome:autosome balance in D. melanogaster appears to control both sex determination and dosage compensation through effects on a maternally influenced sex-linked gene called Sex-lethal (Sxl; 1-19.2). To facilitate molecular and genetic analysis of Sxl, we attempted to determine the locations of all ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutable genes vital to both sexes in the region between 6E1 and 7B1. This area includes approximately 1 cM of the genetic map on each side of Sxl and was reported by C. B. Bridges to contain 26 salivary gland polytene chromosome bands. The region appears rather sparsely populated with genes vital to both sexes, since the 122 recessive lethal mutations we recovered fell into only nine complementation groups. From one to 38 alleles of each gene were recovered. There was a preponderance of embryonic lethals in this area, although the lethal periods of loss-of-function mutations included larval, pupal and adult stages as well. Since the screen required that mutations be recessive and lethal to males, our failure to recover new Sxl alleles was the result expected for a gene with a female-specific function. An attempt was made to identify recessive male-specific lethals in this region, but none were found. Precise map positions were determined for eight of the nine vital genes. An interesting feature of the map is the location of Sxl in the middle of a 0.6- to 0.7-cM interval that appears to be devoid of genes vital to both sexes. The genetic location was determined of breakpoints near Sxl for all available chromosome rearrangements. Sxl is most likely located just to the left of band 7A1. We determined the relationship of our EMS-induced mutations in these nine genes to alleles induced by others. From this we conclude that the various genes appear to differ significantly from each other in their relative sensitivity to mutation by EMS vs. X rays.