bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of trabeculectomy versus Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in the surgical management of glaucoma in patients with Sturge–Weber syndrome
Authors: Sarker Bipul Kumer De , Malek Mohammad Ibn Abdul , Mannaf Sheikh M A , Iftekhar Quazi Sazzad , Mahatma Mallika , Sarkar Mridul Kumar , Rahman Mostafizur 
Published: September 2020

Aims
To compare the surgical outcomes of trabeculectomy versus Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in the surgical management of glaucoma in patients with Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS).

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed on 40 eyes of secondary glaucoma in patients with SWS separated into two groups: AGV (N=20) and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (N=20). Demographic data, intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity and the number anti-glaucoma medications (AGM) needed were evaluated prior to and following surgery. Surgical success was defined as an IOP of ≤21 mm Hg, with or without the use of topical AGM. Complete success was achieved when IOP values were obtained without AGM.

Results
Mean follow-up duration was 23.15±2.36 months and 22.95±2.87 months in the AGV and trabeculectomy groups, respectively (p=0.811). Both the AGV (34.50±4.65 mm Hg at baseline to 15.20±3.31 mm Hg at last visit) and trabeculectomy (32.10±5.86 mm Hg to 16.10±3.02 mm Hg) groups achieved a statistically significant fall in IOP following surgery (p=0.000). Kaplan–Meier survival of complete success after 24 months was 80% and 70% after AGV implant and trabeculectomy, respectively, but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.442).

Conclusions
Both AGV implant and trabeculectomy appear to be safe and efficacious in controlling glaucoma secondary to SWS, although the potential for serious complications such as choroidal detachment must be anticipated when planning surgeries in patient with SWS, and the authors recommend the maintenance of a stable IOP during and following the surgery to avoid such complications.
CyTOF mass cytometry reveals phenotypically distinct human blood neutrophil populations differentially correlated with melanoma stage
Authors: Zhu Yanfang Peipei , Eggert Tobias , Araujo Daniel J , Vijayanand Pandurangan , Ottensmeier Christian Hermann , Hedrick Catherine C 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundUnderstanding neutrophil heterogeneity and its relationship to disease progression has become a recent focus of cancer research. Indeed, several studies have identified neutrophil subpopulations associated with protumoral or antitumoral functions. However, this work has been hindered by a lack of widely accepted markers with which to define neutrophil subpopulations.MethodsTo identify markers of neutrophil heterogeneity in cancer, we used single-cell cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) coupled with high-dimensional analysis on blood samples from treatment-naïve patients with melanoma.ResultsOur efforts allowed us to identify seven blood neutrophil clusters, including two previously identified individual populations. Interrogation of these neutrophil subpopulations revealed a positive trend between specific clusters and disease stage. Finally, we recapitulated these seven blood neutrophil populations via flow cytometry and found that they exhibited diverse capacities for phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species production in vitro.ConclusionsOur data provide a refined consensus on neutrophil heterogeneity markers, enabling a prospective functional evaluation in patients with solid tumors.
Development and implementation of a structured leadership programme for junior doctors
Authors: Pervez Anum , Saqib Aaisha , Hare Sarah 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionHealthcare performance and quality of care have been shown to improve when clinicians actively participate in leadership roles. However, the training for junior doctors in leadership and management is either not formally provided or requires out of programme training. In this article, we discuss how we devised a leadership training programme for junior doctors at our district general hospital and reflections on how it can be implemented elsewhere.MethodsA junior doctors leadership programme was developed involving workshops and guidance through delivery of quality improvement projects. A precourse and postcourse questionnaire assessing preparedness to lead was given to trainees to assess the effectiveness of the course.ResultsUsing a Likert Scale, trainees provided quantitative self-assessment for precourse and postcourse changes in their leadership skills. There was an overall increase in confidence across key areas such as communication, preparing business cases and understating hierarchies of management teams.DiscussionThe structure of this leadership programme has provided the opportunity to address gaps in leadership skills that trainees encounter, without the need to extend training. This programme is easily reproducible and offers other trusts a guide on how to do so.
Preoperative cardiac risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in elderly patients without heart failure undergoing hip fracture surgery: a single-centre study
Authors: Çiçek Vedat , Cinar Tufan , Hayiroglu Mert Ilker , Kılıç Şahhan , Keser Nürgül , Uzun Mehmet , Orhan Ahmet Lütfullah 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn the present study, our aim was to ascertain the preoperative cardiac risk factors related to the in-hospital mortality in the elderly patients (aged over 65 years) who required preoperative cardiology consultation for hip fracture surgery.Material and MethodsThe present study was a retrospective, single-centre study, which enrolled consecutive elderly patients without heart failure scheduled for hip fracture surgery in our institution. In all patients, an anesthesiologist performed a detailed preoperative evaluation and decided the need for the cardiac consultation. Patients underwent preoperative cardiac evaluation by a trained cardiologist using the algorithms proposed in the recent preoperative guidelines. The in-hospital mortality was the main outcome of the study.ResultsIn total, 277 elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery were enrolled in this analysis. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 12.1% (n=30 cases). In a multivariate analysis, we found that insulin dependency, cancer, urea, presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) (OR: 3.906; 95% CI 1.470 to 10.381; p=0.006) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) (OR: 1.057; 95% CI 1.016 to 1.100; p=0.006) were the predictors of in-hospital mortality. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the optimal value of PASP in predicting the in-hospital mortality was 35 mm Hg (area under the curve=0.71; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.81, p&lt;0.001) with sensitivity of 87.7% and specificity of 59.5%.ConclusionThe present research found that the preoperative cardiac risk factors, namely AF and PASP, might be associated with increased in-hospital mortality in elderly patients without heart failure undergoing hip fracture surgery.
Association of heated tobacco product use with smoking cessation in Chinese cigarette smokers in Hong Kong: a prospective study
Authors: Luk Tzu Tsun , Weng Xue , Wu Yongda Socrates , Chan Hiu Laam , Lau Ching Yin , Kwong Anthony Cho-shing , Lai Vienna Wai-yin , Lam Tai Hing , Wang Man Ping 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionHeated tobacco products (HTPs) are increasingly popular worldwide, but whether they aid or undermine cigarette abstinence remains uncertain. We examined the predictors of HTP initiation and the prospective association of HTP use with cigarette abstinence in community-based smokers in Hong Kong.DesignSecondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of brief advice and referral for smoking cessation. The interventions were not related to HTP use.Participants and settings1213 carbon monoxide-verified daily cigarette smokers with intentions to quit or reduce smoking proactively recruited from community sites throughout Hong KongMain exposureCurrent (past 7 day) use of HTP at baseline.Main outcomeSelf-reported 7-day point-prevalence cigarette abstinence at 6 months (exclusive use of HTP permitted).ResultsAt baseline, 201 (16.6%) and 60 (4.9%) were ever and current HTP users, respectively. During the 6-month follow-up period, 110 of 1012 (10.9%) never users at baseline initiated HTPs. Younger age and higher education significantly predicted initiation. After adjusting for sociodemographic, smoking-related and quitting-related factors, current HTP use at baseline was not associated with cigarette abstinence at 6 months (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.08, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.85). The results were similar in persistent users from baseline to 1-month/3-month follow-up (vs non-users; aPR 1.14, 95% CI 0.57 to 2.29). Use of smoking cessation service between baseline and 3-month follow-up significantly predicted cigarette abstinence (aPR 1.70, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.30).ConclusionHTP use was not associated with cigarette abstinence at 6 months in a community-based cohort of smokers with intentions to quit or reduce smoking.Trial registration detailsClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03565796.
Seven days of hot water heat acclimation does not modulate the change in heart rate variability during passive heat exposure
Authors: Gendron Philippe , Gravel Hugo , Barry Hadiatou , Gagnon Daniel 
Published: September 2020

We examined if the change in heart rate variability during passive heat exposure is modified by hot water heat acclimation (HA). Sixteen healthy adults (28 ± 5 years, 5 females/11 males) underwent heat exposure in a water-perfused suit, before and after 7 days of HA (60 min at rectal temperature ≥38.6 °C). During passive heat exposure, heart rate, the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), and the power in the high-frequency range (HF) were measured. No difference in heart rate (P = 0.22), SDNN (P = 0.87), RMSSD (P = 0.79), and HF (P = 0.23) was observed at baseline. The increase in HR (pre-HA, 43 ± 10; post-HA, 42 ± 9 bpm; P = 0.57) and the decrease of SDNN (pre-HA, −54.1 ± 41.0; post-HA, −52.2 ± 36.8 ms; P = 0.85), RMSSD (pre-HA, −70.8 ± 49.5; post-HA, −72.7 ± 50.4 ms; P = 0.91) and HF (pre-HA, −28.0% ± 14.5; post-HA, −23.2% ± 17.1%; P = 0.27) were not different between experimental visits at fixed increases in esophageal temperature. These results suggest that 7 consecutive days of hot water HA does not modify the change in heart rate variability indices during passive heat exposure. Novelty: It remains unclear if HA alters the change in heart rate variability that occurs during passive heat exposure. At matched levels of thermal strain, 7 consecutive days of hot water immersion did not modulate the change in indices of heart rate variability during passive heat exposure.
The logical structure of the memory resource in the SYMBOL-2R computer
Authors: Richards Hamilton , Zingg Roy J. 
Published: September 2020

As has been reported elsewhere
1-5
, the SYMBOL-2R computer system's basic design premises included the following:

1. implementation of a user-oriented high-level programming language directly in hardware;
2. provision of interactive computing service for as many as 31 independent user terminals simultaneously;
3. incorporation of a virtual-memory system, using a small core memory to buffer a large paging drum.
In this paper, we shall touch only peripherally on the last two of these premises; our chief concern here is to describe those aspects of SYMBOL's memory structure that impinge upon the first premise, namely, direct high-level language implementation.
Introduction to the SYMBOL 2R programming language
Authors: Richards Hamilton , Wright Charles 
Published: September 2020

The SYMBOL programming language (SPL) is not only an important feature of the SYMBOL 2R Computer System, but also was the starting point for the design of the system. SPL was designed as a general-purpose, higher-level programming language. After the language design was completed, the hardware of the SYMBOL computer was then designed to provide a hardware implementation of the language.
This paper is intended primarily to provide a general overview of SPL as context for the companion papers (1,3,6). The reader is referred to (5) for a complete description of SPL, to (2) for a discussion of the design decisions involved in the creation of SPL, and to (4) for an overview of the entire SYMBOL project.
Design of an aerospace computer for direct HOL execution
Authors: Nielsen William C. 
Published: September 2020

This paper presents an overview of a study, performed during 1971 and 1972, to design a computer architecture capable of executing a higher-order aerospace programming language directly—without the aid of a compiler or interpreter. The prime motivation for developing such a machine is to reduce system costs, for while hardware logic is becoming much cheaper, software is consuming a greater proportion of total system costs. A tremendous potential savings can be obtained by designing computer hardware that is oriented to aiding the programmer rather than to simplifying the computer designer's job.
In this three-phase study, the first phase, preliminary to the actual design, analyzed direct execution tradeoffs for a number of languages. The languages examined were FORTRAN, ALGOL, PL/I, APL, JOVIAL, and SPL. In the second phase, the functional design was produced for a direct-execution system for a subset of Space Programming Language (SPL)/Mark IV. In the third phase, the performance of that system was evaluated by comparing it to a conventional architecture. The study successfully demonstrated that a higher-order aerospace language computer is feasible and efficient.
The internal machine
Authors: Welin Andrew M. 
Published: September 2020

Two results are presented in this paper: an enlargement of the concept of machine languages and a way to design computers based on an inner machine oriented toward interpretation of machine languages in general. In Part I we discuss attributes of “directly interpretable languages” and processing mechanisms related to their interpretation. “Sequential extraction” allows an instruction to be of arbitrary form, while “linear decoding” allows us to organize the interpreting routines into structures. This leads to powerful machine language level capabilities. Using the mechanisms of Part I, we build in Part II the case for the “internal machine” approach to computer design. The internal machine (unlike microprocessors) is not oriented towards low level (gate, register) manipulation of data, but its operations reflect elementary actions related to the process of interpretation. The advantages of the internal machine include simplicity, programming interface (as opposed to the interface offered by microprocessors), and the ability to handle directly interpretable languages.
One can choose among many architectures for the internal machine. An organization based on the execution stack is suggested as the most general solution. The essential “general purpose” organizations of the internal machines lend themselves to extensions and specializations which provide extra efficient handling of specific subprocesses related to interpretation.
Role of TET1 and 5hmC in an Obesity-Linked Pathway Driving Cancer Stem Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Bao Bin , Teslow Emily A. , Mitrea Cristina , Boerner Julie L. , Dyson Greg , Bollig-Fischer Aliccia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and the HER2 but is enriched with cancer stem cell–like cells (CSC). CSCs are the fraction of cancer cells recognized as the source of primary malignant tumors that also give rise to metastatic recurrence. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a DNA epigenetic feature derived from 5-methylcytosine by action of tet methylcytosine dioxygenase enzymes (e.g., TET1); and although TET1 and 5hmC are required to maintain embryonic stem cells, the mechanism and role in CSCs remain unknown. Data presented in this report support the conclusion that TET1 and TET1-dependent 5hmC mediate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)–dependent activation of a novel gene expression cascade driving self-renewal and expansion of CSCs in TNBC. Evidence presented also supports that the H2O2 affecting this pathway arises due to endogenous mechanisms—including downregulation of antioxidant enzyme catalase in TNBC cells—and by exogenous routes, such as systemic inflammation and oxidative stress coupled with obesity, a known risk factor for TNBC incidence and recurrence.

Implications:
This study elucidates a pathway dependent on H2O2 and linked to obesity-driven TNBC tumor-initiating CSCs; thus, it provides new understanding that may advance TNBC prevention and treatment strategies.
Effect of 3D Manipulatives on Students with Visual Impairments Who Are Learning Chemistry Constructs: A Pilot Study
Authors: Smith Derrick W. , Lampley Sandra A. , Dolan Bob , Williams Greg , Schleppenbach David , Blair Morgan 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The emerging technology of three-dimensional (3D) printing has the potential to provide unique 3D modeling to support specific content in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, particularly chemistry. Method: Seventeen ( n = 17) students with visual impairments were provided direct instruction on chemistry atomic orbital content and allowed to use either print or tactile graphics or 3D models in rotating order. Participants were asked specific content questions based upon the atomic orbitals. Results: The students were asked two sets of comprehension questions: general and specific. Overall, students’ responses for general questions increased per iteration regardless of which manipulative was used. For specific questions, the students answered more questions correctly when using the 3D model regardless of order. When asked about their perceptions toward the manipulatives, the students preferred the 3D model over print or tactile graphics. Discussion: The findings show the potential for 3D printed materials in learning complex STEM content. Although the students preferred the 3D models, they all mentioned that a combination of manipulatives helped them better understand the material. Implications for practitioners: Practitioners should consider the use of manipulatives that include 3D printed materials to support STEM education.
Resident Training in Transitioning Youth With Epilepsy Into Adult Care
Authors: Tirol Francis G. , Kumar Anagha 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To appraise the current training of Neurology (N), Pediatric (P), and Med-Peds (MP) residents at MedStar Georgetown University Hospital (MGUH) in providing care to patients with epilepsy who are transitioning from pediatric to adult care. Methods: Through an online questionnaire, we surveyed Neurology, Pediatric, and Med-Peds residents to assess their knowledge, confidence, and experience at transitioning youth with epilepsy to adult-oriented health care. Results: N, P, and MP residents generally rated their knowledge and confidence at providing transition care to youth with epilepsy to be poor; however, P and MP residents rated higher in limited measures of knowledge and experience. Conclusion: Our appraisal of resident training in transitions care for youth with epilepsy has highlighted training elements in our institution that require attention for both adult and pediatric providers, leading to the formulation of an educational intervention that will promote experiential and multimodal approaches in this area.
Burden of migraine among Japanese patients: a cross-sectional National Health and Wellness Survey
Authors: Kikui Shoji , Chen Yirong , Todaka Hiroshi , Asao Keiko , Adachi Kenji , Takeshima Takao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Limited studies have measured the burden of migraine in Japan. This study aimed at estimating the disease burden of migraine in Japan and identifying factors associated with the burden using the 2017 National Health and Wellness Survey.

Methods
Migraine patients were defined by ICHD-3 like criteria with ≥4 monthly headache days (MHDs), and non-migraine respondents were selected using 1:4 propensity score matching. Multivariate analyses were conducted to compare Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL), work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI), healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs between the two groups, and to identify factors associated with these outcomes in migraine patients.

Results
In 30,001 respondents, 378 migraine patients were identified. Compared to matched controls (N = 1512), migraine patients had lower physical (45.17 vs. 49.89), mental (42.28 vs. 47.71) and role/social (37.91 vs. 44.19) component summary scores (p < 0.001). Migraine patients had higher absenteeism (6.4% vs. 2.2%), presenteeism (40.2% vs. 22.5%), total work productivity impairment (44.3% vs. 24.5%), total activity impairment (45.0% vs. 23.9%), indirect costs (1,492,520 JPY vs. 808,320 JPY) and more visits to healthcare providers in the past 6 months (7.23 vs. 3.96) (p < 0.001). More MHDs was associated with worse HRQoL, and higher HRU and indirect costs.

Conclusions
Japanese migraine patients experience an incremental burden. This demonstrates the unmet needs among Japanese migraine patients.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Restored microRNA-133a-3p or Depleted PSAT1 Restrains Endothelial Cell Damage-Induced Intracranial Aneurysm Via Suppressing the GSK3β/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Jia Qiang , Yan Shixin , Huang Jie , Xu Shixin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is unclear about the functional role of microRNA-133a-3p (miR-133a-3p) in intracranial aneurysm (IA). Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory role of miR-133a-3p on the regulation of vascular endothelial injury-induced IA through phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/β-catenin signaling pathway. Normal intracranial arteriole tissues and IA tissues were gathered from patients with brain trauma and IA. The expression of miR-133a-3p, PSAT1, GSK3β, and β-catenin in tissues was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The endothelial cells (ECs) of the human IA were cultured and treated with miR-133a-3p mimic and si-PSAT1 to determine their functions in endothelial cell migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. The expression of miR-133a-3p, PSAT1, GSK3β, β-catenin, Ki-67, CyclinD1, Bax, and Bcl-2 in ECs were tested by RT-qPCR or western blot analysis. Moreover, IA rat model was established to detect the pathological changes and the expression of miR-133a-3p, PSAT1, GSK3β, β-catenin, VEGF, and MMP-9 in IA tissues in vivo. Expression of miR-133a-3p was related to the number and size of IA. MiR-133a-3p expression was deceased and the PSAT1, GSK3β, and β-catenin expression was raised in IA. Restored miR-133a-3p and depleted PSAT1 alleviated the pathological change; reduced PSAT1, GSK3β, and β-catenin expression in IA; suppressed apoptosis and advanced proliferation and migration of IA ECs, as well as reduced VEGF and MMP-9 expression in IA tissues in vivo. Our study suggests that overexpression of miR-133a-3p or downregulation of PSAT1 restrains endothelial cell damage and advances endothelial cell proliferation via inhibiting the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway in IA. MiR-133a-3p might be a potential candidate marker and therapeutic target for IA.