bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I don’t wanna be mad and sad”: Using individual systemic therapy to help manage anger and low mood in an adult with a learning disability
Authors: Birdsey Nicola 
Published: November 2020

Accessible summaryPeople with learning disabilities may find it useful to speak to a therapist if they struggle with difficulties like anger and low mood.Instead of seeing problems as being within the individual, some therapists think about how other people and wider relationships impact on a person's well‐being. This is called “systemic therapy” as it thinks about the wider systems (like family, work and social care teams) and how they can make difficulties better or worse.There is limited research that looks at systemic therapy with people with learning disabilities, which is surprising because individuals may have many different relationships with friends, relatives and people in different services.Some of the techniques that help things to change include the following: the therapist being curious, asking specific questions to help the individual think about their situation and working with the individual to find a different way of looking at problems.AbstractPeople with learning disabilities have historically been overlooked in research investigating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, despite the increased prevalence of mental health difficulties among this population. As it is not uncommon for individuals with learning disabilities to be part of different relational systems (including access to a range of services), it seems logical to consider wider systems when seeking to understand difficulties that individuals may experience. While it is encouraging that there is growing interest in the use of systemic interventions for people with learning disabilities, there is limited peer‐reviewed research exploring psychological difficulties from a systemic lens. This paper seeks to address the gap in literature by presenting a case where individual systemic therapy is used to help an adult with a learning disability to manage low mood and anger. The paper documents the therapist's clinical decision‐making and learning from this case, with the hope that it encourages others to consider systemic interventions for people with learning disabilities in future.
Components of Mathematical Competence in Middle Childhood
Authors: Wong Tin‐Yau Terry 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMathematical competence in middle childhood predicts socioeconomic status in adulthood. Therefore, it is important to understand the components that constitute mathematical competence from kindergarten to sixth grade. Using an analytical approach, in this article, I identify three components: understanding numbers, understanding mathematical symbols and their relevant principles, and converting problems into mathematical expressions. Evidence suggests that all three components significantly predict children's mathematical competence. However, the interrelations of the three components, as well as their unique contributions to overall mathematical competence, remain largely unexaed, with most studies focusing on only one of the three components. Exploring such issues can give researchers and educators a more comprehensive view of mathematical competence in childhood, and can lead to reconsiderations of important theoretical issues. The three‐component framework of mathematical competence may also give educators insights on how to improve the mathematical competence of future generations.
Digital health interventions in children with asthma
Authors: Ferrante Giuliana , Licari Amelia , Marseglia Gian Luigi , La Grutta Stefania 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough healthcare providers are actively involved in offering education, information and interventions for asthmatic patients, medication and therapeutic adherence remain low in the paediatric population, with estimates suggesting that adherence rates hover below 50%. A range of available digital health interventions has been explored in paediatric asthma with promising but variable results, limiting their widespread adoption in clinical practice. They include emerging technologies that yield the advantage of tracking asthma symptoms and medications, setting drug reminders, improving inhaler technique and delivering asthma education, such as serious games (video games designed for medical‐ or health‐related purposes), electronic monitoring devices, speech recognition calls, text messaging, mobile apps and interactive websites. Some of the proposed digital interventions have used multiple components, including educational and behavioural strategies and interactions with medical professionals. Overall, the implementation of such interventions may offer the opportunity to improve adherence and asthma control. In a state of emergency as the COVID‐19 pandemic, telemedicine can also play a central role in supporting physicians in managing children with asthma. This review evaluates the published literature examining digital health interventions for paediatric asthma and explores the most relevant issues affecting their implementation in practice and the associated evidence gaps, research limitations and future research perspectives.
A Hybrid Lagrangian/Eulerian Collocated Velocity Advection and Projection Method for Fluid Simulation
Authors: Gagniere S. , Hyde D. , Marquez‐Razon A. , Jiang C. , Ge Z. , Han X. , Guo Q. , Teran J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a hybrid particle/grid approach for simulating incompressible fluids on collocated velocity grids. Our approach supports both particle‐based Lagrangian advection in very detailed regions of the flow and efficient Eulerian grid‐based advection in other regions of the flow. A novel Backward Semi‐Lagrangian method is derived to improve accuracy of grid based advection. Our approach utilizes the implicit formula associated with solutions of the inviscid Burgers’ equation. We solve this equation using Newton's method enabled by C1 continuous grid interpolation. We enforce incompressibility over collocated, rather than staggered grids. Our projection technique is variational and designed for B‐spline interpolation over regular grids where multiquadratic interpolation is used for velocity and multilinear interpolation for pressure. Despite our use of regular grids, we extend the variational technique to allow for cut‐cell definition of irregular flow domains for both Dirichlet and free surface boundary conditions.
A Divergence‐free Mixture Model for Multiphase Fluids
Authors: Jiang Y. , Li C. , Deng S. , Hu S. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a novel divergence free mixture model for multiphase flows and the related fluid‐solid coupling. The new mixture model is built upon a volume‐weighted mixture velocity so that the divergence free condition is satisfied for miscible and immiscible multiphase fluids. The proposed mixture velocity can be solved efficiently by adapted single phase incompressible solvers, allowing for larger time steps and smaller volume deviations. Besides, the drift velocity formulation is corrected to ensure mass conservation during the simulation. The new approach increases the accuracy of multiphase fluid simulation by several orders. The capability of the new divergence‐free mixture model is demonstrated by simulating different multiphase flow phenomena including mixing and unmixing of multiple fluids, fluid‐solid coupling involving deformable solids and granular materials.
Particle‐based Liquid Control using Animation Templates
Authors: Schoentgen Arnaud , Poulin Pierre , Darles Emmanuelle , Meseure Philippe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is notoriously difficult for artists to control liquids while generating plausible animations. We introduce a new liquid control tool that allows users to load, transform, and apply precomputed liquid simulation templates in a scene in order to control a particle‐based simulation. Each template instance generates control forces that drive the global simulated liquid to locally reproduce the templated liquid behavior. Our system is augmented with a variable proportion of temporary particles to help efficiently reproduce the templated liquid density, with fewer requirements on the surrounding environment. The resulting control strategy adds only a small computational overhead, leading to quick visual feedback for resolutions allowing interactive simulation. We demonstrate the robustness and ease of use of our method on various examples in 2D and 3D.
Probabilistic Character Motion Synthesis using a Hierarchical Deep Latent Variable Model
Authors: Ghorbani S. , Wloka C. , Etemad A. , Brubaker M. A. , Troje N. F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a probabilistic framework to generate character animations based on weak control signals, such that the synthesized motions are realistic while retaining the stochastic nature of human movement. The proposed architecture, which is designed as a hierarchical recurrent model, maps each sub‐sequence of motions into a stochastic latent code using a variational autoencoder extended over the temporal domain. We also propose an objective function which respects the impact of each joint on the pose and compares the joint angles based on angular distance. We use two novel quantitative protocols and human qualitative assessment to demonstrate the ability of our model to generate convincing and diverse periodic and non‐periodic motion sequences without the need for strong control signals.
Lower body positive pressure affects systemic but not cerebral haemodynamics during incremental hyperthermia
Authors: Perry Blake G. , Mündel Toby 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHyperthermia produces profound redistribution of blood and circulatory reflex function. We investigated the potential for lower body positive pressure (LBPP) to maintain or restore haemodynamics during graded hyperthermia. Eight healthy adults rested supine in a custom‐made LBPP box, sealed distal to the iliac crest. Following 5 min of normothermic rest, 20 mmHg of LBPP was applied and repeated when core temperature (Tcore) had increased passively by +0.5 and +1°C. Primary dependent variables included mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAvmean, transcranial Doppler), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP, finger photoplethysmography), heart rate (HR) and partial pressure of end‐tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2). The absolute increase in MAP during LBPP was lower at Tcore +1°C (2 ± 3 mmHg), compared with normothermia (7 ± 3 p = .01). The modest increase in MCAvmean was unchanged by Tcore (normothermia, 2 ± 3 cm/s; +0.5°C, 3 ± 3 cm/s and +1°C, 3 ± 4 cm/s, p = .74). By design, PETCO2 was unchanged in all conditions from normothermic baseline (42 ± 1, p = .81). LBPP‐induced changes in HR were greater at +0.5°C (−13 ± 4 b/min) and +1°C (−12 ± 6 b/min) compared with normothermia (−3 ± 3 b/min, p = .01 and p = .01, respectively). These data indicate that despite a significant attenuation in MAP to LBPP with moderate hyperthermia, MCAvmean dynamics were unchanged among the thermal manipulations.
Spatial modelling of temporal dynamics in stream fish communities under anthropogenic change
Authors: Mota‐Ferreira Mário , Filipe Ana Filipa , Filomena Magalhães Maria , Carona Sara , Beja Pedro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimUnderstanding temporal changes in aquatic communities is essential to address the freshwater biodiversity crisis. In particular, it is important to understand the patterns and drivers of spatial variation in local community dynamics, generalizing temporal trends from discrete locations to entire landscapes that are the main focus of management. Here, we present a framework for producing spatially continuous views of community dynamics, focusing on stream fish affected by hydropower development.LocationRiver Sabor, NE Portugal.MethodsWe sampled stream fish at thirty sites between 2012 and 2019. Community trajectory analysis was used to quantify the directionality and velocity of community change, and the geometric resemblance of community trajectories between sites. Geostatistical models for stream networks were used to relate metrics describing community dynamics to environmental variables, while controlling for Euclidean and hydrologic spatial dependencies, and to map spatial variation in community dynamics across the watershed.ResultsTrajectories in multivariate space underlined strong temporal dynamics, with local communities deviating and returning to previous states, but without evidence for directional changes. Accordingly, directionality values were low and not consistently affected by environmental variables. The velocity of community change varied markedly across the watershed and it was strongly affected by stream order and elevation, with faster changes observed in lowland streams draining into hydroelectric reservoirs and with a high proportion of exotic species. Pairwise distances between community trajectories were strongly related to hydrologic and environmental distances between sites.Main conclusionsLocal stream fish communities were in a loose equilibrium across the watershed, but they fluctuated at a faster rate closer to a hydroelectric reservoir. Integrating community trajectory analysis and geostatistical modelling provides a relatively simple framework to understand how, where and why temporal community dynamics vary across dendritic stream networks and to visualize spatial patterns of community change over time in relation to anthropogenic impacts.
Metformin dose increase versus added linagliptin in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: An analysis of the J‐LINK study
Authors: Komorizono Yasuji , Hosoyamada Kaori , Imamura Naoko , Kajiya Shoko , Hashiguchi Yasuhiro , Ueyama Norio , Shinmaki Hirohiko , Koriyama Nobuyuki , Tsukasa Masako , Kamada Tetsuro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe validated the effect of linagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 50 patients with NAFLD and T2DM treated with metformin were randomized (1:1) to metformin plus add‐on linagliptin (linagliptin group) or to an increased dose of metformin (metformin group) for 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in hepatic steatosis from baseline to week 52 as quantified by unenhanced computed tomography imaging. Secondary endpoints included changes in the levels of anthropometric, biochemical and adipokinetic markers. The linagliptin group showed no statistically significant reduction in hepatic steatosis as compared to the metformin group (P = 0.97), although changes in hepatic steatosis were significantly correlated with decreased liver enzymes in both groups. Body weight was significantly reduced in the metformin group but not in the linagliptin group (P = 0.002). Serum leptin levels were significantly increased in the linagliptin group compared to the metformin group (P = 0.003), and were correlated with the changes body weight in whole samples. Adverse events were not different between the two groups (P = 0.78). Add‐on linagliptin demonstrated a safe profile but was not superior to increased metformin in reducing hepatic steatosis.
Frequency of hypertensive response to dobutamine stress and diminished diagnostic value in patients with end‐stage renal disease awaiting renal transplant
Authors: Aftab Waqas , Motabar Ali , Pai Ramdas G. , Varadarajan Padmini 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) have a cardiovascular mortality about 15–30 times the general population and this is reduced by about 70% with renal transplant. Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is commonly performed for preoperative cardiac evaluation before renal transplantation. Hypertensive response during DSE occurs in about 1%–5% of DSE studies. However, it seems to be more frequent in patients with ESRD. But its frequency and clinical implications are not known.Methods and ResultsOf the 249‐consecutive adult ESRD patients undergoing DSE for pre‐kidney transplant cardiac risk assessment at our dedicated clinic, 53 (21%) had a hypertensive response. Half of the patients with a hypertensive response had stress‐induced segmental wall motion abnormalities, of whom only half had angiographically significant coronary artery disease by quantitative coronary angiography. The hypertensive response was not a predictor of survival. Stress‐induced segmental wall motion abnormalities predicted poor survival in those with a normotensive response, but not in those with a hypertensive response. The main and independent predictor of a hypertensive response was higher baseline systolic blood pressure (P < .0001).ConclusionsHypertensive response to dobutamine stress is common in ESRD patients and is not a predictor of survival. Stress‐induced segmental wall motion abnormalities occur nearly thrice as frequently with a hypertensive response, but this is a poor predictor of angiographically significant coronary artery disease and does not predict survival.
Inside Out: Head‐Based Ontologies, Vision, and Temporality in the First Neuroturn
Authors: Baker Bernadette M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the early 1800s, mainstream Western discourses that entwined racializing and ableizing discourses have involved, among other things, particular notions of temporality and ways of privileging scopic regimes that presume surface‐depth relations mediated by a theory of time and materiality. In this essay, Bernadette Baker analyzes the link between the production of visual surface‐depth relations, the theorization of time, and the conception of matter in a high profile movement that today has been discredited. She takes as her case an instance of the first neuroturn (nineteenth century), specifically the physiognomy and phrenology in a textbook‐style volume written by F. J. Gall. Translated and published in 1835, Gall's treatise discusses morality and the brain in relation to the shape of the head. The reconstitution of entitlement emerges through Gall's treatise via unexpected epistemological alliances that mark a shift in the architecture of medical perception and that build a bridge from the spirit to the flesh. While relatively humble in tone, Gall's content draws upon empirical and metaphysical reference points that have, in turn, become major legacies for the second neuroturn, education, and other social sciences to deal with. This essay thus examines pivotal horizons in the Gallian approach that, while discredited now as a pseudoscientific fad, raise many difficult questions that expose the link between seemingly oppositional political and intellectual commitments.
What Might Dewey Think of Knowledge Insertion?
Authors: Obelleiro Gonzalo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn two articles, “Might Knowledge Be Insertable?” and “Is Knowledge Insertion Desirable?,” John Tillson argues that knowledge insertion is conceivable and desirable for the person who has it inserted. By knowledge insertion, he means the immediate or almost immediate acquisition of knowledge by means other than traditional processes of learning. He takes the case presented in the science fiction film The Matrix as paradigmatic and characterizes it as a special case of direct intervention, which begin with change in brain structure and function and result in in changes in thought patterns and behavior, by contrast to indirect interventions, which begin with changes in thought patterns and behavior and result in rewiring brain structure and functioning. Here, Gonzalo Obelleiro follows Tillson's argument and offers one special case in which knowledge insertion is not desirable and that is not fully elucidated by Tillson's conditions for desirability. John Dewey's notion of growth as summum bonum depends in important ways on gradual, progressive, traditional processes of learning. Deweyan growth constitutes a case of intrinsically valuable learning that can be tragically jeopardized by calculation errors in knowledge insertion. This is a significant risk that Tillson does not consider in his articles.
The Readiness Potential reflects the internal source of action, rather than decision uncertainty
Authors: Travers Eoin , Haggard Patrick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVoluntary actions are preceded by a Readiness Potential (RP), a slow EEG (electroencephalogram) component generated in medial frontal cortical areas. The RP is classically thought to be specific to internally‐driven decisions to act, and to reflect post‐decision motor preparation. Recent work suggests instead that it may reflect noise or conflict during the decision itself, with internally driven decisions tending to be more random, more conflicted and thus more uncertain than externally driven actions. To contrast accounts based on endogenicity with accounts based on uncertainty, we recorded EEG in a task where participants decided to act or withhold action to accept or reject visually presented gambles, and used multivariate methods to extract an RP‐like component. We found no difference in amplitude of this component between actions driven by strong versus weak evidence, suggesting that the RP may not reflect uncertainty. In contrast, the same RP‐like component showed higher amplitudes prior to actions performed without any external evidence (guesses) than for actions performed in response to equivocal, conflicting evidence. This supports the view that the RP reflects the internal source of action, rather than decision uncertainty.
Development and Validation of an Automatic Item Generation System for English Idioms
Authors: Rafatbakhsh Elaheh , Ahmadi Alireza , Moloodi Amirsaeid , Mehrpour Saeed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTest development is a crucial, yet difficult and time‐consuming part of any educational system, and the task often falls all on teachers. Automatic item generation systems have recently drawn attention as they can reduce this burden and make test development more convenient. Such systems have been developed to generate items for vocabulary, grammar, reading, and writing. However, the literature lacks such a system for idioms. Informed by corpus linguistics, we aimed at developing a system that can generate items on idioms using the Corpus of Contemporary American English. The result was a system capable of generating two types of multiple‐choice items, that is, fill‐in‐the‐blank and definition. To validate the system output, we asked ten experts of Teaching English as a Foreign Language to evaluate 400 generated items for content issues. Also, a sample test of 40 items was administered to 110 upper‐intermediate and advanced EFL learners, and then validated through the Rasch model. The results manifested that a large number of generated items were acceptable based on both experts’ judgments and Rasch analysis. The study is an example of the application of corpus linguistics to language testing and a step toward automatic generation of items for assessment purposes.