bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing the HLS-M-Q18 short version of the European Health Literacy survey questionnaire for the Malaysian context
Authors: Mohamad Emma , Kaundan Manimaran Krishnan , Hamzah Mohammad Rezal , Azlan Arina Anis , Ayub Suffian Hadi , Sern Tham Jen , Ahmad Abdul Latiff 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) is becoming a widely used tool to measure health literacy (HL), including in Malaysia. There are efforts to reduce the 47 item scale to parsimonious short item scales that still reflects the assumptions and requirements of the conceptual model. This study used confirmatory factor analysis to reduce the 47 item scale to a short scale that can offer a feasible HL screening tool with sufficient psychometric properties.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the Malaysian population based on racial distribution to ensure that the short version instrument reflects the country’s varied ethnicities. The survey was administered by well-trained interviewers working for the Ministry of Health Malaysia. A total of 866 responses were obtained. Data was analysed using multi-factorial confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with categorical variables.Results The analysis resulted to a satisfactory 18-item model. There were high correlations among the 18 items. The internal consistency reliability was robust, with no floor/ceiling effects. These results represented equivalence and consistency among the responses to items, suggesting that these items were homogenous in measuring people's health literacy. The strong convergent and discriminant validity of the model makes the proposed 18 items a suitable short version of health literacy instrument.Conclusions The researchers proposed the 18 items to be named HLS-M-Q18. This short version instrument may be used in measuring the health literacy index in Malaysia as it achieved robust reliability, structural validity and construct validity that fulfilled goodness-of-fit criteria.
Temporal and textual analysis of social media on collective discourses during the Zika virus pandemic
Authors: Lwin May Oo , Lu Jiahui , Sheldenkar Anita , Cayabyab Ysa Marie , Han Andrew Yee Zi , Smith Helen Elizabeth 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: While existing studies have investigated the role of social media on health-related communication, little is known about the potential differences between different users groups on different social media platforms in responses to a health event. This study sets out to explore the online discourse of governmental authorities and the public in Singapore during the recent Zika pandemic in 2016. Methods: Social media data were extracted from Facebook and Twitter using retroactive keyword sourcing of the word “Zika” to search for posts and a location filter of “Singapore”. Government posts, public posts, and replies to these original posts were included in the temporal and textual analysis. Results: Overall, Facebook contained more government and individual content whereas Twitter had more content from news media accounts. Though the relative volume of Zika content from different data sources paralleled the peaks and troughs of Zika activities across time, discourses from different data sources differed in their temporal patterns, such that the public discourse died down faster than the government discourse after the outbreak was declared. In addition, the content of discourses differed among data sources. While government discourse included factual information of the disease, public discourse contained more elements of care such as worry about the risks to pregnant women, and elements of community such as well-wishes to each other. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the temporal and content differences between user groups and social media platforms in social media conversations during the Zika pandemic. It suggests that future research should examine the collective discourse of a health event by investigating social media discourses within varied sources rather than focusing on a singular social media platform and by one particular type of users.
Automated Detection and Classification of Ki-67 Stained Nuclear Section Using Machine Learning Based on Texture of Nucleus to Measure Proliferation Score for Prognostic Evaluation of Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Kumar Anil , Prateek Manish 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed significance of Ki-67 labels and calculated the proliferation score based on the counting of immunopositive and immunonegative nuclear sections with the help of machine learning to predict the intensity of breast carcinoma.Methods: BreCaHAD (Breast Cancer Histopathological Annotation and Diagnosis) dataset includes various malignant cases of different patients in their routine diagnosis. It contains H&E stained microscopic histopathological images at 40x magnification and stored in .tiff format using RGB band. In this study, the method start with preprocessing that focuses on resizing, smoothing and enhancement. After preprocessing, it is decomposed RGB sample into HSI values. BreCaHAD data set is hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained, where brown and blue color level have a major role to differentiate the immunopositive and immunonegative nuclear sections. Blue color in RGB and Hue in HSI are the intrinsic characteristic of H&E Ki-67. The shape parameters are calculated after segmentation preceded by Otsu thresholding and unsupervised machine learning. Morphological operators help to solve the problem of overlapping of nucleus section in sample images so that the counting will be correct and increase the accuracy of automatic segmentation.Result: With the help of nine morphological features and supported by unsupervised machine learning technique on BreCaHAD dataset, it is predicted the label of breast carcinoma. The performance measures like precision: 95.7%, recall: 93.8%, f-score: 94.74%, accuracy: 0.9088, specificity: 0.6803, BCR: 0.7975 and MCC: 0.5855 are obtained in proposed methodology which is better than existing techniques. Conclusion: This study developed an efficient automated nuclear section segmentation model implemented on BreCaHAD dataset contains H&E stained microscopic biopsy images. Potentially, this model will assist the pathologist for fast, effective, efficient and accurate computation of Ki-67 proliferation score on breast IHC carcinoma images.
Healing without Surgery: A Case of Supernumerary Tooth,
Authors: Mosaico Giovanna , Viganò Luca , Orrù Germano , Casu Cinzia 
Published: January 2020

Background:Supernumerary teeth are present in 0,2-3% of the population. Multiple supernumeraries are often associated with syndromes such as cleidocranial dysplasia and Gardner's syndrome. They often hinder the permanent eruption’s teeth, causing cavities, periodontal lesions, pulp necrosis, and in some cases follicular cysts. Reactive lesions such as fibroma, local fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma, and peripheral ossifying fibroma are frequent gingival lesions.Materials and Methods:We reported a case of a 9 years old patient with the missed eruption of a permanent element caused by a supernumerary tooth, associated with an exophytic palatine lesion. The deciduous incisor was still present and the supernumerary included. It was decided to proceed with the extraction of the deciduous and to wait for scheduling checks every two months. After a few months, the conoid shape supernumerary tooth erupted in the maxillary arch, so a fixed orthodontic therapy was performed to create the space for the central incisor’s eruption.Results:After a few months, the tooth began to erupt in the arch thanks to orthodontic traction. The patient was instructed to correct and specific oral hygiene maneuvers to lower the plaque index and try to reduce gingival hypertrophy.Conclusion:Supernumerary teeth often hinder the eruption and development of the related permanent tooth causing localized periodontal problems. Corrective fixed orthodontics requires more strict oral hygiene to avoid periodontal complications.
Role of Dental Implant Homecare in Mucositis and Peri-implantitis Prevention: A Literature Overview
Authors: Checchi Vittorio , Racca Fabrizio , Bencivenni Davide , Lo Bianco Laura 
Published: January 2020

Background:Correlation between high plaque index and inflammatory lesions around dental implants has been shown and this highlights the importance of patient plaque control. Until now, knowledge of peri-implant home care practices has been based on periodontal devices.Objective:The aim of this overview is to identify the presence of scientific evidence that peri-implant homecare plays a role in mucositis and peri-implantitis prevention.Methods:Different databases were used in order to detect publications reflecting the inclusion criteria. The search looked into peri-implant homecare studies published from 1991 to 2019 and the terms used for the identification of keywords were: Dental implants, Brush, Interproximal brushing, Interdental brushing, Power toothbrush, Cleaning, Interdental cleaning, Interspace cleaning, Flossing, Super floss, Mouth rinses, Chlorhexidine. The type of studies included in the selection for this structured review were Randomized Clinical Trials, Controlled Clinical Trials, Systematic Reviews, Reviews, Cohort Studies and Clinical cases.Results:Seven studies fulfilled all the inclusion criteria: 3 RCTs, one Consensus report, one cohort study, one systematic review and one review. Other 14 studies that partially met the inclusion criteria were analyzed and classified into 3 different levels of evidence: good evidence for RCTs, fair evidence for case control and cohort studies and poor evidence for expert opinion and case report.Conclusion:Not much research has been done regarding homecare implant maintenance. Scientific literature seems to show little evidence regarding these practices therefore most of the current knowledge comes from the periodontal literature. Manual and powered toothbrushes, dental floss and interdental brushes seem to be useful in maintaining peri-implant health. The use of antiseptic rinses or gels does not seem to have any beneficial effects.It can be concluded that to better understand which are the most effective home care practices to prevent mucositis and peri-implantitis in implant-rehabilitated patients, new specific high evidence studies are needed.
Position of the Mandibular Foramen in Different Facial Shapes Assessed by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography - A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study
Authors: Correa Silvan , Lopes Motta Rogério H. , Silva Milena B. Fellipe , Figueroba Sidney R. , Groppo Francisco C. , Ramacciato Juliana C. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
The mandibular foramen, located on the internal surface of the mandibular ramus, is an important anatomical landmark for the success during the inferior alveolar nerve block. This cross-sectional retrospective study aimed to evaluate the location of the mandibular foramen through Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in different facial shapes.

Materials and Methods:
The determination of the location of the mandibular foramen was performed using CBCT of mesocephalic, dolichocephalic and brachycephalic patients (n=40 each). The ramus width (W), the distance from the mandibular foramen to the deepest point of the anterior border of the mandibular ramus (D), the distance from the mandibular foramen to the lowest point of the mandibular notch (V) and the distance from the inferior border of the mandible to the lowest point in of the mandibular border (R), as well as the ratios W/D and V/R, were measured. ANCOVA, two-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the variation among the facial shapes.

Results:
The ramus width (W) was greater (p<0.0001) in the brachycephalic (28.4±0.5 mm) than in both mesocephalic (26.8±0.36 mm) and dolichocephalic (25.5±0.39 mm) patients. D (p=0.0433) and R (p=0.0072) were also greater in the brachycephalic (17.7±0.36 mm; 43.4±0.75 mm, respectively) than dolichocephalic (16.5±0.3 mm; 40.3±0.63 mm, respectively), but both did not differ from mesocephalic (17.3±0.36 mm; 41.8±0.66 mm, respectively) patients. The other measurements (V, W/D and R/V) did not significantly differ among facial shapes.

Conclusion:
The localization of the mandibular foramen was, in the horizontal direction, more posterior in the brachycephalic patients and, in the vertical direction, higher in the dolichocephalic patients, when compared to the other groups analyzed. Thus, the anatomic data found in this study may help dentists to increase the success of the inferior alveolar nerve block and prevent surgical complications.
Is Transferrin Saturation a Useful Marker of Iron Metabolism in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Treated with Hemodialysis?
Authors: Kwiatkowska Ewa , Opara Martyna , Kwiatkowski Sebastian , Domański Leszek , Marchelek-Myśliwiec Małgorzata , Ciechanowski Kazimierz 
Published: January 2020

Background:According to the currently applicable KDIGO-2012 and ERBP 2013 guidelines, iron metabolism assessments for patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are performed using such parameters as ferritin concentration and Transferrin Saturation (TSAT). Their values are to be treated as a basis on which to decide on providing iron substitution. Patients with Stage 5 CKD on maintenance hemodialysis commonly suffer from malnutrition syndrome and inflammation. One of the markers for malnutrition and inflammation is low transferrin concentration. Our study focused on establishing what percentage of patients this applied to and whether or not the transferrin saturation figure was artificially inflated in such cases.Materials and Methods:The study group included 66 patients with Stage 5 CKD on maintenance hemodialysis. Such data were analyzed as complete blood count, iron and ferritin concentrations, and Transferrin Saturation (TSAT). Other parameters - age, sex, time from their first hemodialysis, and the quality of their dialysis in the last six months – the Kt/V average.Results:It was found that only 12% of the study group patients had their transferrin concentrations above the lower limit of normal. The TSAT value correlated negatively with transferrin concentration. Transferrin concentration correlated negatively with time from first hemodialysis or ferritin concentration, and positively with body weight. Normal transferrin concentration was only seen in patients with ferritin concentrations of up to 400 μg/L. The group was divided according to transferrin concentration of <1.5 g/L or >1.5 g/L. These groups differed significantly in ferritin concentration and transferrin saturation. (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.004, respectively). The 1.5 g/L transferrin concentration point divides patients with mild and medium malnutrition. It is also the minimum transferrin content necessary to achieve hemoglobin values ≥10 g/dL determined using the ROC curve.Conclusion:Low transferrin concentrations cause abnormally high TSAT values. In most patients on maintenance hemodialysis, this marker is not useful for assessing the availability of iron for erythropoiesis.
Waiting Time of Public Transport Passengers in Jordan: Magnitude and Cost
Authors: Shtayat Amir , Abu Alfoul Mohammed , Moridpour Sara , Al-Hurr Njoud , Magableh Khalid , Harahsheh Ishraq 
Published: January 2020

Aim:
This paper is a research study investigating the magnitude and cost of waiting time as experienced by public transport users in Jordan. This study also used spatial analysis to measure services provided for public transport routes according to the average waiting time.

Methods:
The data for waiting time of public transport users were collected using field observation and a professional spatial analysis applied to identify several locations experiencing short time delays.

Results:
This study found a relationship between the total costs of waiting time, including wasted time and money, and revealed that the money spent by the passengers was more than their average monthly income.

Conclusion:
The findings can be used as valuable information for researchers, government policy-makers, and transport agencies to firstly, develop more punctual public transport modes; and secondly, manage public transport trips to minimize time delays.
Influence of Disturbance on Avian Communities in Agricultural Conservation Buffers in Mississippi, USA
Authors: Adams Heidi L. , Burger L. Wes , Riffell Sam 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:Periodic disturbance of agricultural conservation buffers is required to maintain early successional plant communities for grassland birds. However, a disturbance may temporarily reduce the availability of vegetation cover, food, and nesting sites in a buffer.Objective:Our objective was to determine how the type of disturbance (i.e., prescribed burning, light disking) and time since the last disturbance event in agricultural conservation buffers influence the grassland bird community.Methods:Data collected during line-transect surveys conducted in 46 agricultural conservation buffers in northeast Mississippi during the 2007-2009 breeding seasons (May-early August) demonstrate periodic disturbance through prescribed burning and light disking does not influence breeding bird diversity or density in the buffers.Results:Density of Dickcissels (Spiza americana), Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), and Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea) did not differ in the buffers regardless of the type of or time since disturbance.Conclusion:Large effect sizes, however, indicate a potential type two error resulting from this conclusion. Thus, based on relative effect sizes, avian density in undisturbed buffers may be greater than in buffers during their first growing season post-disturbance. Relative effect sizes among estimates also indicate disturbance, namely prescribed burning, may lead to greater densities of breeding birds in agricultural conservation buffers. Though disturbance may initially reduce avian density, it is necessary to maintain long-term early-successional herbaceous habitat in agricultural conservation buffers.
Health-Related Quality of Life Among Admitted HIV/AIDS Patients in Selected Ethiopian Tertiary Care Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zeleke Negera Getandale , Ayele Mega Teshale 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The introduction of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) shifted the perception of HIV/AIDS from a fatal to a potentially manageable chronic disease. As a result, patient-perceived health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is becoming an important outcome measure among HIV infected patients. We assessed the quality of life of admitted HIV/AIDS patients and the association of socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics of patients with health-related quality of life.

Methods:
Health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May 31, 2018 in selected tertiary care hospitals of Ethiopia. HRQoL was measured at discharge using the interviewer-administered World Health Organization’s Quality of Life HIV short-form instrument (WHOQoL-HIV BREF). Data were entered into EpiData 3.2 and exported to SPSS version 21.0 for cleaning and analysis. Descriptive analytical results were reported in text and table. Logistic regression was conducted to identify predictors of poor quality of life. Variables with p-value ≤ 0.25 in bivariate regression were considered as a candidate for multivariable regression. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors. Regression coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals together with p-value < 0.05 were used to identify independent predictor of poor QoL.

Results:
Majority, 56 (58.9%) of the study participants, had poor general health-related quality of life. Being unemployed (AOR: 4.1, 95% CI; (1.23, 13.64); p=0.02), lack of support from family (AOR: 3.6, 95% CI: (1.05-12.6); p=0.04), and having co-morbidity (AOR: 4.2, 95% CI: (1.08, 16.65); p=0.039) were found to be independent predictors of poor quality of life.

Conclusions:
The study showed that the majority of the participants had poor health-related quality of life which was affected by unemployment, co-morbidity, and social support from family.
Epidemiological Profile of Injured Motorcyclists in Road Traffic Accident Treated in a Third-Level Hospital
Authors: Méndez-Magaña Ana Cecilia , Martínez-Melendres Berenice , Herrera-Godina Melva Guadalupe , Baez-Baez Maria Guadalupe Laura , Celis Alfredo , González-Estevez Guillermo 
Published: January 2020

Background
In Mexico, motorcycle use is increasingly prevalent owing to the availability and low fuel consumption of the vehicle. With the increasing number of motorcycle users, the rate of injuries and mortality due to road traffic accidents has also increased.

Objective
The study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of injured motorcyclists treated in a third-level hospital, who were involved in traffic accidents in Guadalajara's Metropolitan Area and Zapotlanejo municipality.

Methods
We realized a logistic regression model, where we included all variables with p<=0.25, they had three or less response options became in dummy variables for facilitate the analysis and we took as confounders factors either variables that modify up to 10% the value of Odd Ratio.

Results
In our study, we examined 180 injured motorcyclists. The factors that increases risk of severe injury at Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara and Zapotlanejo’s town were as follows: the motorcycle was not functioning properly prior to the incident (OR 76.89, 2.08-2839.25), the motorcyclist consider had committed any traffic infraction at the time of the event (OR 6.88, 1.30-36.26), the injured live in Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara (OR 7.58, 1.15-50.17), driving a motorcycle when the driver did not know if the vehicle was “salvage” or not (OR 113.84, 9.13-1419.96) and as protectors factors, we found that a person drove a motorcycle with brand not Italika (OR 0.06, 0.008-0.41) and the road traffic occurred by line road or intersection “+”(OR 0.10, 0.02-0.61).

Conclusion
This information allowed to observe that exist elements of motorcyclist, and the motorcycle and environment that increases or reduced severity injuries in this group, most important when they did not have a health insurance.
Calvijns spreken over de caro vivifica in de avondmaalsleer christologisch verstaan
Authors: Van der Kamp G.C. 
Published: January 2020

This essay argues that Calvin’s Christology in its essence is defined by his Pneumatology. To that end it explores the concept of caro vivifica in Calvin’s eucharistic doctrine. Because of his participation in the life of the Eternal word the caro Christi has become life-giving, a reality in which Christians share when they receive his bodyand blood in the Holy Supper. In both cases the Holy Spirit is the agent of mediation. The concept of caro vivifica clarifies Calvin’s Christology because he understands the Word Incarnate to be a channel of life. Thus, in relationship to the Supper we may speak of a Spirit Christology as a complement to a Logos Christology.
Een laatste wagonnetje of op een zijspoor? Orthodox-gereformeerden en de cultuur
Authors: Visser C. 
Published: January 2020

Although the Dutch Reformed attitudes to sexuality, the role of woman, and politics, have become more liberal, the nature of their accommodating to mainstream secular culture remains unclear, for the gap with the secular moral majority on many issues is (still) large. Nevertheless, in a super-diverse society the impact of the social context continues to create differences within the Reformed circles.