bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Pediatric Trauma in the Kingdom of Bahrain: A National Pediatric Trauma Registry Pilot Study
Authors: Liu Jay Chieh , Ismael Aieshah A. , Zaidi Ayesha , Sha’ban Ban W. , Almutawa Shaikha Ebrahim , Chatha Asad Amin , Abuzeyad Feras H. , Jaafar Ruqaya Isa , Alghanem Salah Ali , Qassim Ghada Al , Kumar Nitya , Corbally Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: A pediatric trauma registry for the Kingdom of Bahrain would be a novel public health tool for the population and would distinguish the Bahraini health system from other health systems in the region by joining the few systems that have implemented surveillance. The aim of this study was to explore the epidemiology of pediatric trauma at the national level and to uncover the potential obstacles to implementation of a sustainable national registry.Methods: This multicenter observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Kingdom of Bahrain using data from the Pediatric Trauma Registry (PTR), which was a short-term paper-based prospective trauma registry based in the pediatric emergency departments of the three national referral hospitals in the Kingdom. By simultaneously collecting data from all three trauma hospitals in the country, it was assumed that during the data collection period all major pediatric trauma patients in the country would be captured by the study, and that the data collected would provide national estimates of trauma. Inclusion criteria for the study was any individual under the age of 14, that arrived at the emergency department seeking care for injuries sustained from trauma.Results: A total of 1,328 patients were included in the study. Sixty nine percent of patients were treated and discharged from the ED, 30.5% were admitted to the hospital, admitted for surgery, or seen by a specialist, and 0.5% were deceased. The percentage of patients documented as unrestrained during MVC was 92.5%, and amongst those involved in MVC, 12% were ejected from the cabin of the vehicle.Conclusions: There are significant implications that this study holds for policy implementation and practice surrounding injury prevention in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Low documented seatbelt utilization and high proportion of ejection amongst MVC victims warrant immediate public health policies. Despite being rare, drownings and near drownings carried half the mortality in the study, and thus public health policy aimed at preventing drownings should be implemented. Public health educational campaigns would also be well suited with this evidence to protect children from sustaining such injuries.
Density Functional Theory of a New Derivative of Allantoin with Antiplasmodial Properties, Antimycobacterial Activities of Essential Oil from Cordia Batesii WERNHAM (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Tiam Eric , Bikobo Dominique Ngono , Ndassa Ibrahim , II Norbert Nyemeck , Zintchem Auguste A , Ayong Lawrence , Diboué Patrick Betote , Ndjakou Bruno , Mbing Joséphine , Pegnyemb Dieudonné 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: some chemical and pharmacological investigations were performed on the EtOAc and/or CH2Cl2 extracts of the stems of Cordia batesii (Boraginaeae); one of its components was subjected to some quantum calculations to get improvement in the understanding of its 13C–NMR and UV properties along with geometric, electronic, thermodynamic data and reactivity descriptors. Results: a new allantoin (1) derivative named batesiin (2) was characterized from the EtOAc extract; thirteen known compounds including allantoin (1) were either isolated or identified by means of MS, NMR, LC–MS and GC–MS. GC–MS was applied on a fraction of essential oil which was composed of a mixture of fatty acids (9–14). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied on batesiin (2). Data were simulated using B3LYP and MPW1PW91 functionals; calculated chemical shifts at B3LYP/6–31G(d,p) and MPW1PW91/6–31G+(d,p) showed much better correlations with the experimental data. Time dependent DFT applied on 2 at B3LYP/6–31G+(d,p) displayed a major absorption band at λmax = 299.01 nm using chloroform as solvent, 3.01 nm higher than the experimental value. In addition, The MeOH extract of the stems and some isolated compounds were tested in vitro against Pf7G8 CQS and Pf Dd2 CQR strains of Plasmodium falciparum; meanwhile, the CH2Cl2 extract and the mixture of fatty acids (9–14) were tested on a resistant mycobacterial strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis codified AC45. Stems disclosed a moderate antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 50 μg/mL) and the mixture 9–14 a potent antimycobacterial activity with a MIC = 9.52 μg/mL.Conclusion: these results tend to emphasize on the use of DFT studies when trying to learn more about the chemical structure through spectroscopic data of a natural compound, especially the case of a derivative of allantoin (1); essential oil from Cordia batesii presents interesting antimycobacterial activities which need to gain more visibility; further antiplasmodial tests should rely on batesiin (2) and other components of the species.
Chronic Anticoagulation is not Associated with a Reduced Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalised Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Parker Kathrine , Hamilton Patrick , Hanumapura Prasanna , Castelino Laveena , Murphy Michelle , Challiner Rachael , Thachil Jecko , Ebah Leonard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCoronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation. Severe disease typically presents with respiratory failure but Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and a hypercoagulable state can also occur. Early reports suggest that thrombosis may be linked with AKI. We studied the development of AKI and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 taking chronic anticoagulation therapy.MethodsElectronic records were reviewed for all adult patients admitted to Manchester University Foundation Trust Hospitals between March 10 and April 30 2020 with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients with end-stage kidney disease were excluded. AKI was classified as per KDIGO criteria. ResultsOf the 1032 patients with COVID-19 studied,164 (15.9%) were taking anticoagulant therapy prior to admission. There were similar rates of AKI between those on anticoagulants and those not anticoagulated (23.8% versus 19.7%) with no difference in the severity of AKI or requirement of renal replacement therapy between groups (1.2% versus 3.5%). Risk factors for AKI included hypertension, pre-existing renal disease and male sex. There was a higher mortality in those taking anticoagulant therapy (40.2% versus 30%). Patients taking anticoagulants were less likely to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (8.5% versus 17.4%) and to receive mechanical ventilation (42.9% versus 78.1%).ConclusionsPatients on chronic anticoagulant therapy did not have a reduced incidence or severity of AKI suggesting that AKI is unlikely to be thrombotic in nature. Therapeutic anticoagulation is currently still under investigation in randomised controlled studies to determine whether it has a potential role in COVID-19 treatment.
Aggressive systemic mastocytosis mimicking lymphoma: a case report
Authors: Xu Yan , Gao Jinli 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM) is a very rare form of systemic mastocytosis (SM). The diagnosis of ASM requires the presence of SM criteria with C finding and does not meet the criteria for mast cell leukaemia. Herein, we report an ASM case that initially mimicked lymphoma based on clinical and radiographic analyses.
Case presentation:

A 87-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to the enlargement of cervical lymph nodes and weight loss. The lymph node biopsy is infiltrated by neoplastic mast cells with pale, faintly granular cytoplasm, and with reactive eosinophils in the lesions. The infiltrate is often parafollicular in distribution and the remnant of normal follicles can be seen. The neoplastic cell population was subsequently revealed to exhibit differentiation towards the mast cell lineage by expressing CD117 and CD25. Mutation analysis of c-KIT identified D816V mutation in exon 17.
Conclusion

ASM diagnosis can be challenging due to its rarity. This diagnosis can be confirmed or disregarded using immunohistochemical markers, such as CD117, CD2 and CD25, in combination with molecular analysis (KITD816V).
Gut Microbiome of Indonesian Adults Differently Associated with Obesity and type 2 Diabetes under Varied Dietary Habits: A Cross-sectional Study in an Asian Developing City, Yogyakarta
Authors: Therdtatha Phatthanaphong , Song Yayi , Tanaka Masaru , Mariyatun Mariyatun , Almunifah Miisaroh , Manurung Nancy , Indriarsih Siska , Lu Yi , Nakagata Koji , Fukami Katsuya , Ikeda Tetsuo , Lee Yuan-Kun , Rahayu Endang , Nakayama Jiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Indonesia is a developing country facing the national problem of the growing obesity and diabetes in its population due to recent drastic dietary and lifestyle changes. To understand the interface between the gut microbiome, diet, and health of Indonesian people, we characterized fecal microbiomes and metabolomes of 75 Indonesian adults in Yogyakarta City, including 21 obese people and 25 type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, together with their dietary and medical records. Variations of microbiomes showed a triangular distribution in the principal component analysis, driven by three dominant bacterial genera, namely Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Romboutsia. The Romboutsia-driven microbiome, characterized by low bacterial diversity and high primary bile acids, was associated with fat-driven obesity. The Bacteroides-driven microbiome, which counteracted Prevotella but was associated with Ruminococcaceae concomitantly increased with high-carbohydrate diets, showed positive correlation with T2D indices but negative correlation with body mass index. Notably, Bacteroides fragilis was increased in T2D patients with a decrease of fecal conjugated bile acids, particularly tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor antagonist with anti-diabetic activity, while these features disappeared in patients administered metformin. These results indicate that the gut microbiome status of Indonesian adults is differently associated with obesity and T2D under their varied dietary habits.
Web-based Support for Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes - A Feasibility Study
Authors: Taloyan Marina , Taloyan Marina , Kia Maybod , Lamian Fahime , Peterson Magnus , Rydwik Elisabeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Self-care is one of the cornerstones in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes struggle to maintain acceptable levels of blood sugar, blood pressure and lipids, the fundamental for the prevention of macro- and microvascular as well as neuropathic complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of usage of the web- and smartphone-based system Triabetes in treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Feasibility was assessed with describing recruitment rate and the participant´s views of using the system. Laboratory and anthropometry data was also collected.Results: The study showed that recruitment of patients to participate in the intervention was limited and compliance to the study protocol was low. A majority of the patients stated that the system was easy to get an overview of and that the system motivated them and made it more easy and fun to handle lifestyle habits. A secondary finding of the study was that there was a significant lowering of LDL values.Conclusion: Feasibility in terms of recruitment rate was low. The participants agreed that the application overall was useful, but suggested several improvements. Summarized lessons learned from this study are following: 1) we need more knowledge about what motivates a person to use a digital tool for a longer period of time; 2) the tool must be easy and less time consuming to use; 3) the technical structure needs to be improved and automatic recording of data must be improved.
Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGE) as a Biomarker of COPD&nbsp;
Authors: Pratte Katherine A. , Curtis Jeffery L. , Kechris Katerina , Couper David , Cho Michael H. , Silverman Edwin K. , DeMeo Dawn L. , Sciurba Frank C. , Zhang Yingze , Ortega Victor E. , O'Neal Wanda , Gillenwater Lucas A. , Lynch David A. , Hoffman Eric , Newell John D. , Comellas Alejandro P. , Castaldi Peter J. , Miller Bruce , Pouwels Simon D. , Hacken Nick H.T. ten , Bischoff Rainer , Klont Frank , Woodruff Prescott , Paine Robert , Barr R. Graham , Hoidal John , Doerschuk Claire M. , Charbonnier Jean-Paul , Sung Ruby , Locantore Nick , Yonchuk John , Tal-Singer Ruth , Jacobson Sean , Merrill Debbie , Bowler Russell P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) is a proposed emphysema and airflow obstruction biomarker; however, previous publication have shown inconsistent associations and only one study has investigate the association between sRAGE and emphysema. No cohorts have examined the association between sRAGE and progressive decline of lung function. There have also been no evaluation of assay compatibility, receiver operating characteristics, and little examination of the effect of genetic variability in non-white population. This manuscript addresses these deficiencies and introduces novel data from Pittsburgh COPD SCCOR and as well as novel work on airflow obstruction. A meta-analysis is used to quantify sRAGE associations with clinical phenotypes.Methods: sRAGE was measured in four independent longitudinal cohorts on different analytic assays: COPDGene (n=1,443), SPIROMICS (n=1,623); ECLIPSE (n=2,349); Pittsburgh COPD SCCOR (n=399). We constructed adjusted linear mixed models to determine associations of sRAGE with baseline and follow up forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) and emphysema by quantitative high-resolution CT lung density at the 15th percentile (adjusted for total lung capacity).Results: Lower plasma or serum sRAGE values were associated with a COPD diagnosis (P<0.001), reduced FEV1 (P < 0.001), and emphysema severity (P<0.001). In an inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis, one SD lower log10-transformed sRAGE was associated with 105 ± 22 mL lower FEV1 and 4.14 ± 0.55 g/L lower adjusted lung density. After adjusting for covariates, lower sRAGE at baseline was associated with greater FEV1 decline and emphysema progression only in the ECLIPSE cohort. Non-Hispanic white subjects carrying the rs2070600 minor allele (A) and non-Hispanic African Americans carrying the rs2071288 minor allele (A) had lower sRAGE measurements compare to those with the major allele, but their emphysema-sRAGE regression slopes were similar. Conclusions: Lower blood sRAGE is associated with more severe airflow obstruction and emphysema, but associations with progression are inconsistent in the cohorts analyzed. In these cohorts, genotype influenced sRAGE measurements and strengthened variance modelling. Thus, genotype should be included in sRAGE evaluations.
CSF total tau, plasma and CSF p tau 181 associated with structural changes in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Nabizadeh Fardin , Rostami Mohammad Reza , Balabandian mohammad , Ahmadi Niloufar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most important cause of dementia and is a serious concern for individuals and governments worldwide. Changes in the brain appear about 15 years before the first clinical symptoms; with this in mind, it can clear the role of biomarkers in monitoring Alzheimer's development. P tau 181 level in plasma recently emerged as a new biomarker and rises obviously in AD patients, preclinical AD, and MCI patients. The role of gray matter atrophy and white matter damages in cognitive decline is well established, which is detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this investigation, we measured the association between CSF (total tau, and p tau 181) and plasma p tau 181 with structural changes (cortical thickness, cortical volume, surface area, and subcortical volume) in MCI patients. We performed a cross-sectional study on the ADNI cohort between 461 MCI patients. Results of voxel-wise partial correlation analysis in our participants showed a significant correlation between plasma p tau 181, CSF total tau and p tau 181 with changes in structural values in different regions. Our study revealed a significant correlation between plasma p tau and structural changes in the brain regions associated with Alzheimer's disease physiopathology. These results provide evidence for using plasma p tau 181 as a diagnostic factor in the early onset of AD patients and neurodegeneration.
Experimental Analysis of the Utility of Liquid Metal Gallium as a Contrast Agent for CT Hepatic Artery Angiography in Living Rabbits
Authors: Liu Ting , Wang Sheng , Zhao Wei , Liu Hao , Zhang Yi , Han Juan , Chen Xia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
CT angiography (CTA) technology, as a non-invasive or minimally invasive examination method, is commonly used in the clinic to obtain vascular network images, and iodinated contrast agents play a vital role in it. At present, the second-generation non-ionic contrast agent ioversol are most commonly used in CTA, but its preparation process is complicated, the manufacture technology of it is high, and it is associated with some adverse drug reactions (ADRs), such as allergies and drug toxicity. In this work, based on the low melting point (29.78℃) and low viscosity of liquid metal gallium, it was used for the first time as an angiographic contrast agent for in vivo hepatic artery angiography. According to the statistical analysis of the smallest visible diameter of the hepatic artery and the contrast effect between the blood vessels and their surrounding tissues in CT images, we confirmed that compared with CT imaging using ioversol for hepatic artery angiography, that using liquid metal gallium produced more intuitive and excellent vascular imaging effects.In other words, the use of liquid metal gallium as an angiographic contrast agent has a certain value in living organ angiography. However, the lower overall image quality and higher side-effects of liquid metal gallium in CTA indicate that the use of liquid metal gallium as a contrast agent for living organs still needs to overcome some problems, such as the metallic artefacts and its hypertonicity. Only in this way can liquid metal gallium become a potential contrast agent candidate for angiography in animal experiments and possibly even in the clinical.
Safe use of Liver Grafts from Syphilis-Positive Donors in Liver Transplantation and Review of the Literature
Authors: Duan Xin , Yan Liting , Qian Chao , Zhang Wei , Shen Yan , Zhang Min , Bai Xueli , liang tingbo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The growing disparity between organ availability and the number of candidates for organ transplantation has urged the use of marginal grafts including grafts from syphilis-positive donors. However, few knowledges could be acknowledged about this due to the rare data from case reports. Therefor we evaluate our data and summarize our experience of the management of liver grafts from syphilis-positive donors.Methods: From January 2015 to December 2019, 22 adult patients received liver transplantation from syphilis-positive donors while 873 patients got liver transplantation from syphilis-negative donors at our center. Given the imbalance in several baseline variables, propensity score matching was used. The outcomes were compared including complications, hospital stay, recovery of liver function and survival of the two groups and the management of the recipients was reviewed.Results: There were no differences in complications and hospital stay of the recipients after transplantation. And it showed similar trends in the liver function recovery. Patient and graft survivals were comparable to that of syphilis-negative grafts. And benzathine penicillin is effective to protect the recipients from syphilis.Conclusions: The use of liver grafts from syphilis-positive donors does not to increase the morbidity and mortality of the recipients. Also, the prophylactic theory of benzathine penicillin is helpful.
Kinetics of Plasma Cytokines During and After Two Different Modalities of Extracorporeal Blood Purification in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ponce Daniela , Zamoner Welder , Magalhães Luis Eduardo , Oliveira Paula Gabriela Souza de , Polla Patricia , Barbosa Alexandre Naime , Golim Marjorie de Assis , Balbi Andre Luis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) has been documented in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since the first reports of this disease. In the absence of vaccines or direct therapy for COVID-19, extracorporeal blood treatment (EBT) could represent an option for the removal of cytokines and may be beneficial to improve the clinical outcome of critically ill patients. Intermittent haemodialysis (IHD), using high flux (HF) or high cut-off membranes, and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) could be used for blood purification in COVID-19 patients with CSS. To the best of our knowledge, cytokine kinetics during and after different types of EBT on COVID-19 patients have never been studied. In this study, we describe cytokine variation and removal during and after IHD and CRRT in COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods: Patients with COVID-19-related AKI according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria and admitted at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were studied. Blood samples were collected at the start and end of both IHD using HF membranes (10 patients) and continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF: 10 patients) in two sessions for measuring 13 different plasma interleukins and calculating the cytokine removal rate. Results: We evaluated cytokine removal in patients with COVID-19-related AKI undergoing either prolonged IHD (10 patients) or CRRT (CVVHDF: 10 patients). There was no difference between the IHD and CVVHDF groups regarding mechanical ventilation, vasoactive drug use, age or prognostic scores. Patients treated by CRRT presented higher levels of IL-2 and IL-8 than patients treated by prolonged IHD at the start of dialysis. Cytokine removal ranged from 9–78%. Patients treated by CRRT presented higher cytokine removal rates than those treated by prolonged IHD for IL-2, IL-6 IL-8, IP-10 and TNF. The removal rates of IL-4, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-17A, IFN, MCP-1 and free active TGF-B1 were similar in the two groups. After one session of CVVHDF (24 h) the IL-2 and IL-1β levels did not vary significantly, whereas IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF, IFN, IP-10, MCP-1, IL-12p70 and free active TGF-B1 decreased by 33.8–76%, and this decrease was maintained over the next 24 h. In the prolonged IHD groups, IL-2, IL-6, TNF, IP-10 and IL-1β levels did not decrease significantly whereas IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN, MCP-1, IL-12p70 and free active TGF-B1 decreased by 21.8–72%. However, all cytokine levels returned to their initial values after 24 h, despite their removal. Conclusions: Cytokine removal is lower using prolonged IHD with HF membranes than by using CVVHDF, and IHD allows a transient and selective decrease in cytokines that can be correlated with mortality during CSS-related COVID-19.