bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prophetic Judgement without Reprieve: The Concepts of Remnant and Law in Amos 3:12
Authors: Boyd Samuel L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Overt statements regarding a remnant are strikingly absent in the book of Amos, leading many scholars to find sentiments therein that might lend credence to Amos’ vision for an Israel that survives judgment. In this paper, I analyze the manner in which Amos 3:12 has functioned in this endeavor to find a remnant of Israel in the book. I argue that no such remnant is in view in Amos 3:12 specifically, nor in the book generally. I examine the rhetorical context of Amos 3:12, as well as the syntactical properties of the verse, which help to underscore the role of divine judgment. I place the verse in the setting of ancient Near Eastern legal culture to show how Amos 3:12 functions in terms of Israelite guilt and punishment relative to divine innocence. Finally, I explore how the reading herein is consistent with the rest of the book of Amos.
Sodium Imbalance as a Marker of Prognosis of Outcome in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Khambhu Bikesh , Jha Rajiv , Bista Prakash 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Sodium imbalance in post-traumatic brain injury is not uncommon. It’s early detection and treatment is vital as it increases morbidity and mortality if not treated on time. We study the effect of Sodium imbalance as a predictor of outcome in these patients.
Methods and Materials: Patients diagnosed with traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to Neurosurgery department were included in this study. Traumatic brain injury cases managed between 1st Baisakh 2074 B.S. and 29th Chaitra 2074 B.S. were analyzed prospectively. Glasgow Coma Scale, Computed Tomography scan of head, duration of hospital and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, and Glasgow Outcome Scale in relation to sodium imbalance measured within 24 hours of injury were assessed. Mortality and morbidity were measured using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).
Results: A total of 100 patients with traumatic brain injury admitted in the Neurosurgery department of Bir Hospital were included in this study. Sixty seven cases were categorized as mild, 18 as moderate and 15 as severe according to the severity of TBI. The maximum serum sodium level observed was 168 and lowest was 110 mmol/l. The association of sodium imbalance with severity of head injury was found to be statistically significant. The sensitivity of sodium imbalance measured within 24 hours of injury in prognosticating outcome of patient till death or before discharge from hospital on the basis of GOS and Neuro ICU stay day is significant with p value <0.05.
Conclusion: Sodium imbalance is an independent prognostic factor outcome in TBI. Continuous monitoring of sodium level in the neurosurgical ICU setting is mandatory to manage patients with head injury with or without undergoingneurosurgical intervention as it has prognostic value with outcome measures like GOS and ICU stay days.
Neurosurgery at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: experience from a Surabaya academic tertiary hospital
Authors: Suryaningtyas Wihasto , Wahyuhadi Joni , Turchan Agus , Subagio Eko Agus , Parenrengi Muhammad Arifin , Apriawan Tedy , Al Fauzi Asra , Bajamal Abdul Hafid 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVEGlobal outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has forced healthcare systems worldwide to reshape their facilities and protocols. Although not considered the frontline specialty in managing COVID-19 patients, neurosurgical service and training were also significantly affected. This article focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak at a low- and/or middle-income country (LMIC) academic tertiary referral hospital, the university and hospital policies and actions for the neurosurgical service and training program during the outbreak, and the contingency plan for future reference on preparedness for service and education.METHODSThe authors collected data from several official databases, including the Indonesian Ministry of Health database, East Java provincial government database, hospital database, and neurosurgery operative case log. Policies and regulations information was obtained from stakeholders, including the Indonesian Society of Neurological Surgeons, the hospital board of directors, and the dean’s office.RESULTSThe curve of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Indonesia had not flattened by the 2nd week of June 2020. Surabaya, the second-largest city in Indonesia, became the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. The neurosurgical service experienced a significant drop in cases (50% of cases from normal days) along all lines (outpatient clinic, emergency room, and surgical ward). Despite a strict preadmission screening, postoperative COVID-19 infection cases were detected during the treatment course of neurosurgical patients, and those with a positive COVID-19 infection had a high mortality rate. The reduction in the overall number of cases treated in the neurosurgical service had an impact on the educational and training program. The digital environment found popularity in the educational term; however, digital resources could not replace direct exposure to real patients. The education stakeholders adjusted the undergraduate students’ clinical postings and residents’ working schemes for safety reasons.CONCLUSIONSThe neurosurgery service at an academic tertiary referral hospital in an LMIC experienced a significant reduction in cases. The university and program directors had to adapt to an off-campus and off-hospital policy for neurosurgical residents and undergraduate students. The hospital instituted a reorganization of residents for service. The digital environment found popularity during the outbreak to support the educational process.
Virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a turning point in neurosurgical education
Authors: El-Ghandour Nasser M. F. , Ezzat Ahmed A. M. , Zaazoue Mohamed A. , Gonzalez-Lopez Pablo , Jhawar Balraj S. , Soliman Mohamed A. R. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVEThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused dramatic changes in medical education. Social distancing policies have resulted in the rapid adoption of virtual learning (VL) by neurosurgeons as a method to exchange knowledge, but it has been met with variable acceptance. The authors surveyed neurosurgeons from around the world regarding their opinions about VL and how they see the future of neurosurgical conferences.METHODSThe authors conducted a global online survey assessing the experience of neurosurgeons and trainees with VL activities. They also questioned respondents about how they see the future of on-site conferences and scientific meetings. They analyzed responses against demographic data, regions in which the respondents practice, and socioeconomic factors by using frequency histograms and multivariate logistic regression models.RESULTSEight hundred ninety-one responses from 96 countries were received. There has been an increase in VL activities since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most respondents perceive this type of learning as positive. Respondents from lower-income nations and regions such as Europe and Central Asia were more receptive to these changes and wanted to see further movement of educational activities (conferences and scientific meetings) into a VL format. The latter desire may be driven by financial savings from not traveling. Most queried neurosurgeons indicated that virtual events are likely to partially replace on-site events.CONCLUSIONSThe pandemic has improved perceptions of VL, and despite its limitations, VL has been well received by the majority of neurosurgeons. Lower-income nations in particular are embracing this technology. VL is still evolving, but its integration with traditional in-person meetings seems inevitable.
Recapitulating the Bayesian framework for neurosurgical outpatient care and a cost-benefit analysis of telemedicine for socioeconomically disadvantaged patients in the Philippines during the pandemic
Authors: Ferraris Kevin Paul , Golidtum Jared Paul , Zuñiga Brian Karlo W. , Bautista Maria Cristina G. , Alcazaren Jose Carlos , Seng Kenny , Navarro Joseph Erroll 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVEIn the Philippines during recent months, a neurosurgical center that caters primarily to socioeconomically disadvantaged patients has encountered unprecedented changes in practice patterns brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the usual task of outpatient care has shifted to the telemedicine format, bringing along all of its attendant advantages and gargantuan challenges. The authors sought to determine the responsiveness of this telemedicine setup to the needs of their disadvantaged patients and explored the application of Bayesian inference to enhance the use of teleconsultation in daily clinical decision-making.METHODSThe authors used the following methods to assess the telemedicine setup used in a low-resource setting during the pandemic: 1) a cross-sectional survey of patients who participated in a medical consultation via telemedicine during the 16-week period from March 16, 2020, to July 15, 2020; 2) a cost-benefit analysis of the use of telemedicine by patients; and 3) a case illustration of a Bayesian approach application unique to the teleconsultation scenario.RESULTSOf the 272 patient beneficiaries of telemedicine in a 16-week period, 57 responded to the survey. The survey responses regarding neurosurgical outpatient care through telemedicine yielded high ratings of utility for the patients and their caregivers. According to 64% of respondents, the affordability of the telemedicine setup also prevented them from borrowing money from others, among other adverse life events prevented. There were realized financial gains on the part of the patients in terms of cost savings and protection from further impoverishment. The benefit-cost ratio was 3.51 for the patients, signifying that the benefits outweighed the costs. An actual teleconsultation case vignette was reported that is meant to be instructive and contributory to the preparedness of the neurosurgeon on the provider end of the service delivery.CONCLUSIONSTelemedicine holds promise as a viable and safe method for health service delivery during the pandemic. In the setting of a health system that is continually challenged by shortages of resources, this study shows that an effective telemedicine setup can come with high benefit-cost ratios and quality of care, along with the assurance of patient satisfaction. The potential for high-quality care can be enhanced by the inclusion of the Bayesian framework to the basic toolkit of remote clinical assessment. When confronted with choices in terms of differential diagnosis and tests, the rigor of a simple application of the Bayesian framework can minimize costs arising from uncertainties.
Discursive Practices of Doctor-Patient Online-Communication (the Case of “Health.mail.ru”)
Authors: Iskanderova L. V. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Nowadays medical online services are evolving rapidly and become more and more popular. Telemedicine is developed as a part of the Russian government program “The medical system 4P”. However, doctor-patient online communication has rarely been the subject of research in modern sociology. Nevertheless, online-services are valuable resource for researchers to study and analyze information that is difficult to obtain in other ways.Methodology and sources. The paper is devoted to the research of doctor-patient discursive practices on the internet medical advice forums by the example of “Health.mail.ru”. The general method of research is critical discourse analysis, based on the theory and methodology of N. Fairclough, which gives an opportunity to make suggestions about social practices using text analysis and discursive practices analysis. A non-reactive strategy was used in the empirical research. During the research 28 800 messages, which include 14 400 messages from patients and 14 400 messages from doctors, were analyzed. Data analysis was performed in the “R” program.Results and discussion. As a result, some assumptions about social practices and discursive practices on the online forum were formulated. The main patient’s goal on online forums is avoiding face-to-face interaction with doctors in a hospital. One of doctor’s goals is promoting their services. Interaction is carried out in a form of request from the patient and expert assessment from the doctor in response. Usually, patients send their messages anonymously. Doctors, by contrast, emphasize their identity. It helps them to maintain their image and to legitimate their expertise. Doctor’s and patient’s discourses are using special medical terminology, and they are not interpreting it. It demands from the patients being experts.Conclusion. Online communication is a new type of doctor-patient communication, which is more democratic, more complementary and more impersonal than face-to-face communication. Usually doctor-patient online communication on the internet medical advice forums does not involve thorough analysis of individual patient’s situation and maintaining sustainable interpersonal relationships.
علاقة واثر التسويق الداخلي في رضا الزبون دراسة استطلاعية لعينة من مديري المصارف الخاصة في بغداد
Authors: Mahdi Ahmed Ghazi , Jathir Saadoun Hammoud 
Published: December 2020

بحثت هذه الدراسة تأثير عناصر انشطة التسويق الداخلي على رضا الزبائن من خلال دراسة استطلاعية للخدمات المصرفية في مدينة بغداد, اذا تبلورت مشكلة البحث من خلال طرح مجموعة من التساؤلات اهما(هل توجد علاقة ارتباط وتأثير بين ابعاد التسويق الداخلي ورضا الزبون ,تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد تأثير الاتصالات الداخلية والتدريب و بحوث السوق الداخلية على رضا الزبائن والمتمثل بجودة الخدمة والولاء والحصة السوقية. وجسدت هدف هذه الدراسة بالتعرف على مستوى توافر انشطة وبرامج التسويق الداخلي في المصارف المبحوثة, تم جمع البيانات باستخدام مسح قائم على الاستبانة يتكون من (24) سؤالًا وتم توزيعه على 102)) مديرا من مدراء المصارف الخاصة في مدينة بغداد. من أجل تحليل البيانات التي تم الحصول عليها من الاستبانات، باستخدام الأساليب الكمية مثل الوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري ومعامل الاختلاف ومعامل الارتباط البسيط ونمذجة المعادلة المهيكلة, وتوصل الباحث الى عدد من الاستنتاجات اهمها وجود علاقات ارتباط وتأثير ذات دلالة معنوية بين التسويق الداخلي وابعاده, ورضا الزبون وابعاده وهذا يؤكد ان المصارف المبحوثة تهتم بأنشطة التسويق الداخلي الثلاثة(الاتصالات الداخلية, التدريب, بحوث السوق الداخلية) والتي ستؤدي بالنتيجة بالوصول الى رضا الزبون. وعليه اوصى البحث بضرورة قيام المصارف المبحوثة بإيعاز على الإدارة تحسين انشطة التسويق الداخلي من خلال تطبيق الانشطة الملائمة لعمل المصرف للحصول على رضا الزبون, واقتصر البحث على المصارف الخاصة لذا لايمكن تعميم النتائج على باقي المنظمات الخدمية ,وان توفير انشطة وبرامج التسويق الداخلي في المصارف المبحوثة يسهم في الوصول الى رضا الزبون, سهم البحث بدعم المسؤولية الاجتماعية للمصارف المبحوثة للزبائن ,وذلك باعتبار الافراد جزء من هذا المجتمع وان اي تأثير عليه يؤثر ذلك على المجتمع ككل.
التلوث البيئي بالنفايات الصــلبة والاساليب المتبعة في ادارتها دراسة حالة في بلدية الرمادي
Authors: Abid Jasem Firas Hamed , Ismaeel Feras Mohammed 
Published: December 2020

البحث يهدف الى معرفة تقنية الأساليب الحديثة في الإدارة السليمة والصحيحة للنفايات والمخلفات الصلبة والتقليل من الصـعوبات التي تواجههـا البلـدان كافـة ، ومنها يتم تحقيق الإدارة البيئية الامنة. وسبب اختيار الم وضوع هو الأساليب القديمة والتقليدية المستخدمة في جميع م ارحل عملية إدارة النفايات في بلدية الرمادي، لذلك لا بـد مـن التعرف على الاساليب الحديثة المتبعة في الدول المتقدمة في ادا رتها للنفايات غـير أنهـا تـزداد حـدة في المدن المتقدمة لأن اقتصاداتها تنمـو بسرعة، ويستدعي استخدام الأساليب الحديثة بإدارة النفايات جهودا منسقة تبـذلها الوكـالات الدوليـة داخل الحدود المسؤولة عنها، ويمكن تحديد مشكلة الدارسة في عدم وضوح إجراءات الإدارة البيئية المتبعة في إدارة النفايات والمخلفات الصلبة في بلدية ال رمادي.
تسهم أهمية البحث في توفير قدرة أكبر للقيادات الإدارية والفنية في مديرية بلدية الرمادي لتحديد الوسائل والاساليب المناسبة لإدارة المخلفات الصلبة ومعالجتها بالطرق الصحيحة والتي تتكون سبب في الحفاظ على البيئة من التلوث، ولغرض تحقيق أهداف البحث واستكمال متطلباته يتوجب الخوض في الواقع الفعلي لمديرية بلدية الرمادي، والأساليب المتبعة في ادارتها للنفايات الناتجة في المدينة ، وتضمنت أربع عوامل أساسية وسائل وأساليب معالجة النفايات لتشمل وسائل الخفض من المنبع، ووسائل الجمع والفرز بعد الجمع ووسائل الفرز واعادة التدوير وست ارجع الطاقة والتأثيرات الصحية والتأثيرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية.
تم الاستعانة بعدد كبير من الدارسات والبحوث العربية والاجنبية ذات الصلة بمتغيرات البحث، ولغرض تحليل البيانات الإحصائية الخاصة بمتغيرات الدارسة واختبار فرضياتها، تم الاستعانة ببرنامج الاكسيل (Microsoft Office Excel 2013) لغرض توضيح الأشكال البيانية للبيانات الشخصية للمبحوثين. فقد توصلت الدارسة الى عدد من الاستنتاجات ومنها ضعف الوعي البيئي لدى المواطن من ساكني هذه المدينة في استخدام الوسائل الحديثة السليمة بيئياً للتعامل مع النفايات الصلبة المتولدة. افتقار الى المعايير المحددة والمدروسة مسبقا من قبل البلدية في كيفية توزيع أكياس وحاويات النفايات على الاحياء السكنية. المسار العشوائي لأليات جمع النفايات ولم يتم اختيار الطريق المثالي والاقتصادي. لا توجد ندوات أو برامج لزيادة الوعي لدى السكان، لكي يتعرفوا بخطورة التلوث الذي ينتج من النفايات الصلبة. ومن التوصيات لمتطلبات نجاح استخدام الاساليب الحديثة في إدارة النفايات الصلبة يحتاج لتوفر تخصيص الموارد المالية اللازمة والامكانيات البشرية للإدارة الذاتية للنفايات الصلبة .تنمية الوعي البيئي لدى الفرد والمجتمع ، والاهتمام بالدارسات والأبحاث في مجالات إعادة التدوير واعادة استخدام بعض النفايات المنزلية التي من الممكن استخدامها مره أخرى. وتشمل الوسائل والاساليب المستخدمة في جميع م ارحل إدارة النفايات والمخلفات الصلبة من اللحظة الأولى لتولد النفايات والتقليل منها واعادة الاستخدام المنزلي ومرحلة الجمع المنزلي والنقل والفرز والتدوير والمعالجة والطمر والتخلص. الحدود المكانية للبحث الحدود الإدارية لعمل مديرية بلدية الرمادي ضمن التصميم الأساسي الخاص بالمدينة، ومجتمع البحث مديرية بلدية الرمادي، وعينة البحث العاملين في شعبة إدارة النفايات والمخلفات الصلبة وشعبة الاليات والمشاريع في بلدية الرمادي.
Escore contínuo de risco metabólico em escolares com diferentes níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória
Authors: Marques Kelin Cristina , De Castro Silveira João Francisco , De Borba Sichmeiders Loeticia , De Souza Lonimar , De Mello Elza Daniel , Reuter Cézane Priscila 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Comparar o escore de risco metabólico em escolares com diferentes níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória.
Método: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, realizado com escolares, no município de Santa Cruz do Sul (Brasil). Foram convidados alunos de 25 escolas públicas e privadas do município, que apresentassem idade entre 7 e 17 anos com termo de autorização assinado pelos pais/responsáveis. A amostra final foi composta por 1250 crianças e adolescentes. Foi realizada coleta de sangue para análise do perfil lipídico. Foi avaliada a pressão arterial, a circunferência da cintura e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória. O escore de risco metabólico foi calculado por meio da soma do escore Z dos seguintes parâmetros: circunferência da cintura, pressão arterial sistólica, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, colesterol LDL e colesterol HDL. Os dados foram expressos de forma contínua, sendo que, quanto maior o valor do escore de risco metabólico, maior o risco metabólico.
Resultados: Observa-se, em ambos os sexos, uma diminuição do escore de risco metabólico com o aumento da aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Dessa forma, escolares no 5º quintil, os quais apresentam maiores níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória, possuem menor risco metabólico. Entre os meninos, observou-se diferença significativa entre o 1º quintil com o 2º (p=0.037), 4º (p=0.009) e 5º quintil da aptidão cardiorrespiratória (p<0.001), com uma diferença média de 0.56 para este último. Entre as meninas, o escore de risco metabólico foi significativamente diferente na comparação do 1º quintil da aptidão cardiorrespiratória para o 5ª quintil (p=0.018).
Conclusão: Escolares com baixa aptidão cardiorrespiratória apresentam maior escore de risco metabólico, tanto entre os meninos, quanto nas meninas.
Estudo da assimetria corporal em praticantes de artes marciais através da baropodometria eletrônica
Authors: Monterrosa Quintero Armando , Pereira-Moro Antônio Renato 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar e comparar os resultados das assimetrias, entre atletas de Jiu-jitsu e Muay-thai por médio da baropodometria.
Método: Participaram deste estudo 15 atletas de Muay-thai, idade 29.4±6.3 anos, experiência no esporte 8.5±4.0 anos, massa corporal 77.8±12.5 Kg, altura 178.2±8.6 cm e percentual de gordura corporal 11.2±4.9 e 16 atletas de Jiu-jitsu, idade 32.2±4.5 anos, experiência no esporte 6.3±3.4 anos, massa corporal 80±9.6 kg, altura 176±5.2 cm e percentual de gordura corporal 10.5±2.1. A presente investigação realizou medidas da pressão dos pés numa plataforma Tekscan® versão 5.1, com os indivíduos na posição ortostática. Foram analisados o percentual de força, pico de força e força de pressão plantar. Para analise estatística foi aplicado o T Students para mostras independentes e para medir o nível de significância foi utilizado o Effect Size.
Resultados: Os atletas de ambas modalidades apresentaram valores médios semelhantes na avaliação por baropodometria apresentando diferenças significativas entre lado direito e lado esquerdo, com valores maiores no percentual de força, sendo o maior Effect Size no Muay-thai.
Conclusão: A assimetria bilateral ocorreu entre os dois tipos de lutas, entretanto, com mais ênfase no grupo referente ao grupo Muay-thai, devido possivelmente ao uso constante de golpes com os pés tanto com o pé esquerdo, quanto o direito.
Differential Induction of the ADAM17 Regulators iRhom1 and 2 in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Babendreyer Aaron , Rojas-González Diana M. , Giese Anja Adelina , Fellendorf Sandra , Düsterhöft Stefan , Mela Petra , Ludwig Andreas 
Published: December 2020

Background: Endothelial function significantly depends on the proteolytic release of surface expressed signal molecules, their receptors and adhesion molecules via the metalloproteinase ADAM17. The pseudoproteases iRhom1 and 2 independently function as adapter proteins for ADAM17 and are essential for the maturation, trafficking, and activity regulation of ADAM17. Bioinformatic data confirmed that immune cells predominantly express iRhom2 while endothelial cells preferentially express iRhom1.Objective: Here, we investigate possible reasons for higher iRhom1 expression and potential inflammatory regulation of iRhom2 in endothelial cells and analyze the consequences for ADAM17 maturation and function.Methods: Primary endothelial cells were cultured in absence and presence of flow with and without inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and INFγ). Regulation of iRhoms was studied by qPCR, involved signaling pathways were studied with transcriptional inhibitors and consequences were analyzed by assessment of ADAM17 maturation, surface expression and cleavage of the ADAM17 substrate junctional adhesion molecule JAM-A.Results: Endothelial iRhom1 is profoundly upregulated by physiological shear stress. This is accompanied by a homeostatic phenotype driven by the transcription factor KLF2 which is, however, only partially responsible for regulation of iRhom1. By contrast, iRhom2 is most prominently upregulated by inflammatory cytokines. This correlates with an inflammatory phenotype driven by the transcription factors NFκB and AP-1 of which AP-1 is most relevant for iRhom2 regulation. Finally, shear stress exposure and inflammatory stimulation have independent and no synergistic effects on ADAM17 maturation, surface expression and JAM-A shedding.Conclusion: Conditions of shear stress and inflammation differentially upregulate iRhom1 and 2 in primary endothelial cells which then results in independent regulation of ADAM17.