bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preresolution Drinking Problem Severity Profiles Associated with Stable Moderation Outcomes of Natural Recovery Attempts
Authors: Tucker Jalie A. , Cheong JeeWon , James Tyler G. , Jung Soyeon , Chandler Susan D. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundHigher problem severity contraindicates moderation drinking in treatment samples, but has not been well investigated in natural recovery samples with more prevalent moderation outcomes, nor have single studies assessed multiple severity indicators. Therefore, we integrated 5 prospective studies of recent natural recovery attempts to identify multi‐indicator profiles that distinguished moderation from abstinence or unstable resolution involving relapse. The study evaluated whether moderation was distinguished by a generalized lower severity profile or whether more complex profiles better differentiated outcomes.MethodsCommunity‐dwelling problem drinkers in the southeastern United States (N = 616, 67% male, 65% white, mean age = 46.5 years) enrolled soon after stopping alcohol misuse without treatment were followed prospectively for a year. Outcome predictors assessed at enrollment included preresolution drinking practices, alcohol‐related problems, alcohol dependence, and a behavioral economic measure of the reward value of drinking based on preresolution spending on alcohol versus saving for the future.ResultsLatent profile analysis of severity indicators supported a 4‐profile solution: (i) global low risk on all indicators, (ii) global high risk on all indicators, (iii) high risk limited to drinking practices only, and (iv) high risk limited to alcohol dependence and alcohol‐related problems only. Outcomes differed by profile membership (p < 0.01). Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that the global low risk and heavy drinking risk only profiles were associated with stable moderation during the 1‐year follow‐up. The high dependence and alcohol problems risk profile was associated with both abstinence and relapse during the follow‐up (ps < 0.05).ConclusionsConsistent with prior research, moderation was associated with lower alcohol dependence, problems, and reward value. Participants who simply drank heavily and did not have elevated risk on other indicators also had a higher probability of moderation. Results support using multidimensional severity indicators that encompass functional variables in addition to drinking practices to predict outcomes.
Cost‐effectiveness of the HepCATT intervention in specialist drug clinics to improve case‐finding and engagement with HCV treatment for people who inject drugs in England
Authors: Ward Zoe , Reynolds Rosie , Campbell Linda , Martin Natasha K. , Harrison Graham , Irving William , Hickman Matthew , Vickerman Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsPeople who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; however, ~50% are undiagnosed in England and linkage‐to‐care is poor. This study investigated the cost‐effectiveness of an intervention (HepCATT) to improve case‐finding and referral to HCV treatment compared with standard‐of‐care pathways in drug treatment centres in England.DesignHCV transmission and disease progression model with cost‐effectiveness analysis using a health‐care perspective. Primary outcome and cost data from the HepCATT study parameterized the intervention, suggesting that HepCATT increased HCV testing in drug treatment centres 2.5‐fold and engagement onto the HCV treatment pathway 10‐fold. A model was used to estimate the decrease in HCV infections and HCV‐related deaths from 2016, with costs and health benefits (quality‐adjusted life‐years or QALYs) tracked over 50 years. Univariable and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were undertaken.SettingEngland‐specific epidemic with 40% prevalence of chronic HCV among PWID.ParticipantsPWID attending drug treatment centres.InterventionNurse facilitator in drug treatment centres to improve the HCV care pathway from HCV case‐finding to referral and linkage to specialist care. Comparator was the standard‐of‐care HCV care pathway.MeasurementsIncremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) in terms of cost per QALY gained through improved case‐finding.FindingsOver 50 years per 1000 PWID, the HepCATT intervention could prevent 75 (95% central interval 37–129) deaths and 1330 (827–2040) or 51% (30–67%) of all new infections. The mean ICER was £7986 per QALY gained, with all PSA simulations being cost‐effective at a £20 000 per QALY willingness‐to‐pay threshold. Univariable sensitivity analyses suggest the intervention would become cost‐saving if the cost of HCV treatment reduces to £3900. If scaled up to all PWID in England, the intervention would cost £8.8 million and decrease incidence by 56% (33–70%) by 2030.ConclusionsIncreasing hepatitis C virus infection case‐finding and treatment referral in drug treatment centres could be a highly cost‐effective strategy for decreasing hepatitis C virus incidence among people who inject drugs.
Influence of foraminal enlargement on the apical extrusion of filling material: Volumetric analysis using micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Albuquerque Patrícia Pereira , Hungaro Duarte Marco Antonio , Pelegrine Rina Andréa , Kato Augusto Shoji , Stringheta Carolina Pessoa , Duque Jussaro Alves , Bueno Carlos Eduardo da Silveira 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the root canal instrumentation techniques that involve foraminal enlargement versus those not involving it, in regard to the apical extrusion of filling material, using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). Twenty‐two premolars with single canals were instrumented using the ProTaper Universal System and then randomly divided into two groups (n = 11): Group NFE, without foraminal enlargement, and Group FE, with foraminal enlargement. Instrumentation was performed up to 1 mm short of the apical foramen, and foraminal patency was maintained at each instrument change in both groups. Prior to obturation, the apical portion of the specimens was wrapped in adhesive paper to ensure complete separation between apex and extruded material. The canals were filled according to the continuous wave of condensation technique. The apically extruded material was collected and measured using micro‐CT. Extrusion in Group FE was significantly higher than in Group NFE (0.928 mm3 vs. 0.148 mm3; P < 0.001).
Evaluation of nutrient content, physicochemical and functional properties of desalted duck egg white by ultrafiltration as desalination
Authors: Thammasena Rommanee , Fu Chi‐Wei , Liu Jeng‐Hung , Liu Deng‐Cheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effects of ultrafiltration technique on the desalination efficiency, nutrient content, physicochemical properties, functional properties, texture profile, and microstructure of salted duck egg white were evaluated. The results showed that ultrafiltration can remove 92.93% salt from salted duck egg white (SDEW) and final salt% of desalted duck egg white (DDEW) was 0.65%. The analysis of nutrient content and amino acid of SDEW and desalted duck egg white powder (DDEWP) sample was significantly lower than those of fresh duck egg white (FDEW). Although emulsifying capacity of SDEW, DDEW, and DDEWP exhibited significantly lower than that of FDEW, an excellent foaming ability was found in those samples. Moreover, the texture profiles (gel strength, hardness and elasticity) of SDEW, DDEW, and DDEWP samples presented lower value than FDEW. The observation of microstructure, DDEWP possessed smooth surface of protein globules with deep hole liked donuts and distribution of a few of salt crystals. While salted duck egg white powder (SDEWP) had a raisin‐like surface formation with salt formed cubic crystals. Overall, both liquid and dried material of desalted duck egg could be used as a good ingredient in baking food due to their excellent foaming capacity.
Objective prior distributions for Jolly‐Seber models of zero‐augmented data
Authors: Dorazio Robert M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStatistical models of capture‐recapture data that are used to estimate the dynamics of a population are known collectively as Jolly‐Seber (JS) models. State‐space versions of these models have been developed for the analysis of zero‐augmented data that include the capture histories of the observed individuals and an arbitrarily large number of all‐zero capture histories. The number of all‐zero capture histories must be sufficiently large to include the unknown number N of individuals in the population that were ever alive during all sampling periods. This definition of N is equivalent to the “superpopulation” of individuals described in several JS models. To fit JS models of zero‐augmented data, practitioners often assume a set of independent, uniform prior distributions for the recruitment parameters. However, if the number of capture histories is small compared to N, these uniform priors can exert considerable influence on the posterior distributions of N and other parameters because the uniform priors induce a highly skewed prior on N. In this article, I derive a class of prior distributions for the recruitment parameters of the JS model that can be used to specify objective prior distributions for N, including the discrete‐uniform and the improper scale priors as special cases. This class of priors also may be used to specify prior knowledge about recruitment while still preserving the conditions needed to induce an objective prior on N. I use analyses of simulated and real data to illustrate the inferential benefits of this class of prior distributions and to identify circumstances where these benefits are most likely to be realized.
Beyond the efficient markets hypothesis: Towards a new paradigm
Authors: Fender John 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo go beyond the efficient markets hypothesis (EMH) we suppose that the stock market can be in one of three states: (1) a fundamental state, where share prices are determined largely as in the EMH; (2) a bubble or bull market state, where share prices are above their fundamental levels but are expected to continue to rise further, and (3) a bear market state, where shares are held exclusively by irrational agents and rational agents cannot exploit the overvaluation because of short‐selling constraints. Also, heterogeneous rational expectations may help explain some features of stock market behaviour.
Luteolin prevents irinotecan‐induced intestinal mucositis in mice through antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties
Authors: Boeing Thaise , de Souza Priscila , Speca Silvia , Somensi Lincon Bordignon , Mariano Luisa Nathália Bolda , Cury Benhur Judah , Ferreira dos Anjos Mariana , Quintão Nara Lins Meira , Dubuqoy Laurent , Desreumax Pierre , da Silva Luisa Mota , de Andrade Sérgio Faloni 
Published: January 2020

Background and PurposeIntestinal mucositis refers to mucosal damage caused by cancer treatment, and irinotecan is one of the agents most associated with this condition. Focusing on the development of alternatives to prevent this important adverse effect, we evaluated the activity of the flavonoid luteolin, which has never been tested for this purpose despite its biological potential.Experimental ApproachThe effects of luteolin were examined on irinotecan‐induced intestinal mucositis in mice. Clinical signs were evaluated. Moreover, histological, oxidative, and inflammatory parameters were analysed, as well as the possible interference of luteolin in the anti‐tumour activity of irinotecan.Key ResultsLuteolin (30 mg·kg−1; p.o. or i.p.) prevented irinotecan‐induced intestinal damage by reducing weight loss and diarrhoea score and attenuating the shortening of the duodenum and colon. Histological analysis confirmed that luteolin (p.o.) prevented villous shortening, vacuolization, and apoptosis of cells and preserved mucin production in the duodenum and colon. Moreover, luteolin treatment mitigated irinotecan‐induced oxidative stress, by reducing the levels of ROS and LOOH and augmenting endogenous antioxidants, and inflammation by decreasing MPO enzymic activity, TNF, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 levels and increasing IL‐4 and IL‐10. Disruption of the tight junctions ZO‐1 and occludin was also prevented by luteolin treatment. Importantly, luteolin did not interfere with the anti‐tumour activity of irinotecan.Conclusion and ImplicationsLuteolin prevents intestinal mucositis induced by irinotecan and therefore could be a potential adjunct in anti‐tumour therapy to control this adverse effect, increasing treatment adherence and consequently the chances of cancer remission.
Effect of hyperglycaemia and diabetes on acute myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by ischaemic conditioning protocols
Authors: Penna Claudia , Andreadou Ioanna , Aragno Manuela , Beauloye Christophe , Bertrand Luc , Lazou Antigone , Falcão‐Pires Ines , Bell Robert , Zuurbier Coert J. , Pagliaro Pasquale , Hausenloy Derek J. 
Published: January 2020

Diabetic patients are at increased risk of developing coronary artery disease and experience worse clinical outcomes following acute myocardial infarction. Novel therapeutic strategies are required to protect the myocardium against the effects of acute ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). These include one or more brief cycles of non‐lethal ischaemia and reperfusion prior to the ischaemic event (ischaemic preconditioning [IPC]) or at the onset of reperfusion (ischaemic postconditioning [IPost]) either to the heart or to extracardiac organs (remote ischaemic conditioning [RIC]). Studies suggest that the diabetic heart is resistant to cardioprotective strategies, although clinical evidence is lacking. We overview the available animal models of diabetes, investigating acute myocardial IRI and cardioprotection, experiments investigating the effects of hyperglycaemia on susceptibility to acute myocardial IRI, the response of the diabetic heart to cardioprotective strategies e.g. IPC, IPost and RIC. Finally we highlight the effects of anti‐hyperglycaemic agents on susceptibility to acute myocardial IRI and cardioprotection.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc
Delving Into the Minds of Chinese Parents: What Beliefs Motivate Their Learning‐Related Practices?
Authors: Ng Florrie Fei‐Yin , Wei Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe academic success of Chinese students has drawn much attention from researchers and the public. Evidence suggests that Chinese parents’ learning‐related practices contribute to their children’s high achievement, but what motivates these practices? In this article, we address this question by focusing on Chinese parents’ beliefs, which can serve as a framework that guides their practices. First, we review recent research on Chinese parents’ learning‐related practices as well as their beliefs about children’s learning and parenting. Then, we consider how these beliefs, which are constantly shaped by the cultural and social context, may underlie Chinese parents’ learning‐related practices. We conclude by discussing directions for research in a changing world.
Living with diabetes: literature review and secondary analysis of qualitative data
Authors: Stuckey H. , Peyrot M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo review the published qualitative literature on the lived experience of people with diabetes, describe the emerging findings and research methods over the last 25 years, and make recommendations for future research.MethodsWe describe a ‘Next‐Generation' mixed‐method approach to reporting qualitative data that combines the advantages of traditional qualitative analysis (assessing depth of meaning from participants themselves) with those of descriptive analysis (assessing breadth and representativeness). We used our Next‐Generation approach to conduct a secondary analysis of qualitative data derived from a systematic search of PubMed. A formal coding scheme was developed and systematically applied to 2050 respondent quotations contained in the 74 selected articles; inter‐rater agreement was high (κ = 0.90). Quotations were aggregated at the level of the article and reported to assess both narratives and numerical counts of the data.ResultsThe rate of qualitative research on the lived experience of diabetes has increased over the last 25 years. Both positive and negative aspects of lived experience were reported, although the former was less common. Data from many different populations were reported, but most studies emphasized breadth of coverage over depth. Some findings are well established and there is little benefit to repeating these studies. Best practices of qualitative methodology were often not utilized.ConclusionsThe amount of qualitative research in diabetes is substantial and increasing. We recommend that future research be focused on specific understudied topics rather than repeating existing research. We also provide recommendations for how qualitative study methodology can be improved by implementing the Next‐Generation approach.
Gluten‐free diet in children with recent‐onset type 1 diabetes: A 12‐month intervention trial
Authors: Neuman Vit , Pruhova Stepanka , Kulich Michal , Kolouskova Stanislava , Vosahlo Jan , Romanova Martina , Petruzelkova Lenka , Obermannova Barbora , Funda David P. , Cinek Ondrej , Sumnik Zdenek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo test whether a gluten‐free diet (GFD) is associated with the deceleration of the decline in beta‐cell capacity in non‐coeliac children with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes.MethodsForty‐five children (aged 10.2 ± 3.3 years) were recruited into a self‐selected intervention trial: 26 started with a GFD within a median of 38 days postonset, whereas 19 remained on a standard diet. The main outcomes were the decline in C‐peptide area under the curve (AUC) in mixed‐meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) at 6 and 12 months relative to 1 month after diabetes onset and the difference in insulin dose, insulin dose‐adjusted A1c (IDAA1c) and HbA1c assessed every 3 months. The adherence to the GFD was verified by immunoreactive gluten in the stool and by food questionnaires at every visit. Quality of life (QoL) questionnaires were administered to the participants at the end of the intervention at 12 months. The data were analysed as per protocol (in 39 subjects who duly completed the whole follow‐up: 20 in the GFD group, 19 in the control group) by linear and longitudinal regression models adjusted for sex, age and baseline variables.ResultsAt 12 months, the difference in C‐peptide AUC between subjects in the GFD group and controls was 205 pmol/L (95% CI ‐223 to 633; P = 0.34) in a model adjusted for age, sex and body weight, and for baseline insulin dose, MMTT C‐peptide AUC and HbA1c assessed at 1 month after diagnosis. In a longitudinal analysis of all three time points adjusted for age, sex and body weight, C‐peptide declined more slowly in the GFD group than in controls, with the difference in trends being 409 pmol/L/year (P = 0.04). The GFD group had a marginally lower insulin dose (by 0.15 U/kg/day; P = 0.07), a lower IDAA1c (by 1.37; P = 0.01) and a lower mean HbA1c (by 0.7% [7.8 mmol/mol]; P = 0.02) than those of the controls at 12 months. There was no appreciable difference between the groups in daily carbohydrate intake (P = 0.49) or in the QoL reported by the patients (P = 0.70) and their parents/caregivers (P = 0.59).ConclusionsA GFD maintained over the first year after type 1 diabetes diagnosis was associated with better HbA1c and a prolonged partial remission period. There was a hint of slower C‐peptide decline but the association was not strong enough to make definite conclusions.
The school as a learning organisation: The concept and its measurement
Authors: Kools Marco , Stoll Louise , George Bert , Steijn Bram , Bekkers Victor , Gouëdard Pierre 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA growing body of scholars, educators and policy makers has argued for reconceptualising schools as “learning organisations” in the last 25 years as. However, a lack of clarity on the concept has hindered its advance in theory and practice. This study responds to this problem by developing a schools as learning organisations scale that expands and clarifies the concept on several points. Drawing on survey data (nschool staff = 1,703) from Wales (UK), it examines the key characteristics of a school as a learning organisation through a principal component analysis and reliability analysis. The results showed that such a school is associated with eight dimensions: (a) a shared vision centred on the learning of all students, (b) partners contributing to school vision, (c) continuous learning opportunities, (d) team learning and collaboration, (e) a culture of enquiry, innovation and exploration, (f) systems for collecting and exchanging knowledge and learning, (g) learning with and from the external environment, and (h) modelling learning leadership. The resulting 65‐item scale demonstrated good psychometric qualities. A reliable and valid schools as learning organisations scale can help enhance our understanding of the concept. The scale can also be used by school leaders, teachers and all others wanting to develop a thriving learning culture in their schools.
Patient‐reported outcome measures in studies of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia: Literature review and landscape analysis
Authors: Stauder Reinhard , Lambert Jérémy , Desruol‐Allardin Sandra , Savre Isabelle , Gaugler Lona , Stojkov Igor , Siebert Uwe , Chevrou‐Séverac Hélène 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to describe the use of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) studies and the PROMs landscape.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was performed in Medline/Embase (since 2000) and ClinicalTrials.gov (since 2013) to identify PROMs used in MDS and AML clinical studies. Additionally, PROMs included in approved drug labels since 2000 were reviewed.ResultsOverall, 112 different PROMs were used in 168 published MDS studies and 152 PROMs were used in 172 AML studies. From ClinicalTrials.gov, 16 different PROMs were used in 22 ongoing registered studies in MDS, and 24 were reported in 41 AML studies. The most frequently used PROMs were cancer‐specific (eg, EORTC QLQ‐C30, FACT‐An) or generic (SF‐36, EQ‐5D) instruments, whereas MDS‐ and AML‐specific instruments (eg, QUALMS and QOL‐E in MDS; FACT‐Leu and EORTC QLQ‐Leu in AML) were used in a minority of studies. Two EMA‐approved drugs for MDS included PROMs in their label. EORTC QLQ‐C30 is by far the most frequently used cancer‐specific PROM in both MDS and AML studies.ConclusionsThis research indicated an underuse of AML/MDS‐specific PROMs for these two indications in clinical studies and labeling claims. However, AML/MDS‐specific instruments in development might be considered in future studies.
Who is Haunted by Whom? Steps to an Ecology of Haunting
Authors: Hollan Douglas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe haunting metaphor is rapidly catching on in anthropology and other disciplines as a way of drawing attention to aspects of social experience that typically fall outside the scope of conventional social analysis: to feelings and experiences of loss, dispossession, unease, unfairness and injustice, regret, remorse, lack of recognition or misrecognition, and so on. Yet because many scholars contributing to the hauntology literature have unwittingly confused or failed to distinguish between the metaphorical “haunting” of past injustices and the characteristics and behaviors of actual ghosts, the fundamental issues of who is being haunted by whom, under what circumstances, and for what reasons often remain muddled or unclear. I argue that the relational aspects of haunting—the fact that some people experience ghosts and hauntings while others under the same conditions do not—suggest that analyses of the dynamic forces contributing to the emergence and disappearance of ghosts must always include a concern with the complex emotional lives of the haunted.