bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the processing quality of noodle dough containing a high Tartary buckwheat flour content through texture analysis
Authors: Chen Yu , Obadi Mohammed , Liu Shuyi , Qi Yajing , Chen Zhongwei , Jiang Song , Xu Bin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA texture analysis method for evaluating the processing quality of noodle dough with a high Tartary buckwheat flour (BF) content was established. And then the improvement of wheat flour (WF), wheat gluten (WG), and pre‐gelatinized Tartary buckwheat flour (PBF) for the processing quality of buckwheat noodle dough was compared quantitatively, and the mechanism was explored through the observation of gluten network in dough sheets. Texture results showed that the coefficients of variation of tensile strength and adhesiveness of dough sheets among 16 groups were 17.76% and 40.72%, respectively, and the intragroup variation coefficients were only 4.17% and 7.07%, respectively. The tensile strength of dough sheets was significantly positively correlated with gluten index of WF and WG. In addition, with the increase of WG and PBF addition, the tensile strength and adhesiveness of dough sheets showed a linearly increase trend. Furthermore, the gluten network in the dough sheets containing WF or WG with high gluten index distributed more evenly and compactly than that with low gluten index. The dough sheet with 9% PBF showed more uniform gluten network, compared with that without added PBF. Overall, texture analysis of dough sheet can be used to evaluate the processing quality of noodle dough containing 70% BF, and the WF and WG with high gluten index had better improvement than PBF.
Palliative ventriculoperitoneal shunting in dogs with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by tumors affecting the third ventricle
Authors: Orlandi Rocio , Vasilache Cornel G. , Mateo Isidro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypertensive or obstructive hydrocephalus is a common complication in dogs with tumors affecting the third ventricle for which few therapeutic options are available.ObjectivesTo describe signalment, neurological status, and pre‐ and postsurgical findings, complications and survival time in 4 dogs with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by third ventricle tumors that were palliatively treated using ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS).AnimalsFour client‐owned dogs with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by tumors affecting the third ventricle.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for dogs diagnosed with third ventricular tumors. Inclusion criteria were complete medical record, advanced diagnostic imaging for review, and VPS as sole surgical treatment.ResultsAt the time of diagnosis, all patients displayed acute onset and rapidly progressive diffuse intracranial clinical signs. On advanced imaging, all dogs had a homogeneously enhancing mass occupying or collapsing the third ventricle as well as obstructive hydrocephalus. All of the dogs underwent VPS of the most dilated lateral ventricle. In 2 of the patients, intracranial hypertension followed by normotension after VPS placement was confirmed intraoperatively by means of direct intracranial pressure monitoring. Excellent clinical improvement was observed in all dogs immediately after surgery. Three patients required a second VPS in the contralateral lateral ventricle 3, 7 and 11 months after the first surgery, all of them with renewed improvement in clinical signs.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceVentriculoperitoneal shunting is a rapid and effective treatment for patients with obstructive (hypertensive) hydrocephalus caused by tumors located within the third ventricle.
Effects of white‐tailed deer exclusion on the plant community composition of an upland tallgrass prairie ecosystem
Authors: Bloodworth Kathryn J. , Ritchie Mark E. , Komatsu Kimberly J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuestionsGrasslands support ecosystem services, promote diversity, and assist in carbon sequestration. However, grasslands worldwide are diminishing in area, and understanding the drivers shaping the remaining grasslands is critical for their maintenance. The North American tallgrass prairie covers approximately 13% of its historical range and is shaped by fire and herbivory. Fire frequency negatively correlates with plant species richness, while bison (Bos bison) — the historical grazers — offset this effect. However, bison populations have declined, and large browsers are increasing in density. Few studies though have examined the role of large browsers — particularly white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) — and their interaction with fire frequency in tallgrass prairies. Here, we addressed two questions: (a) What are the impacts of deer on plant diversity, species identities, and relative abundances; and (b) is there an interactive effect between the pressures exerted by deer and the well‐documented effects of fire in driving plant community responses?LocationThis study took place at the Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeastern Kansas, USA.MethodsUsing a 22‐year deer exclosure experiment, we examined differences in plant species richness, evenness, and plant community composition between plots that were either accessible or inaccessible to deer, in areas burned annually or once every four years.ResultsWe did not find significant effects of deer or interactive effects between deer and burning frequency on any metric of the plant community measured, including plant species richness, evenness, and plant community composition.ConclusionsContrary to the impact that deer have in other ecosystems (e.g. forests), our results indicate that deer do not affect the plant community of herbaceous‐dominated tallgrass prairies. These results indicate that while the loss of bison‐grazers has shifted tallgrass prairie plant communities to C4grass‐dominated systems, the shift to browsing‐dominated herbivore pressure from deer has a minimal effect on the plant community.
Inbreeding and disease avoidance in a free‐ranging koala population
Authors: Schultz Anthony J. , Cristescu Romane H. , Hanger Jon , Loader Jo , de Villiers Deidre , Frère Celine H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHabitat destruction and fragmentation are increasing globally, forcing surviving species into small, isolated populations. Isolated populations typically experience heightened inbreeding risk and associated inbreeding depression and population decline; although individuals in these populations may mitigate these risks through inbreeding avoidance strategies. For koalas, as dietary specialists already under threat in the northern parts of their range, increased habitat fragmentation and associated inbreeding costs are of great conservation concern. Koalas are known to display passive inbreeding avoidance through sex‐biased dispersal, although population isolation will reduce dispersal pathways. We tested whether free‐ranging koalas display active inbreeding avoidance behaviours. We used VHF tracking data, parentage reconstruction, and veterinary examination results to test whether free‐ranging female koalas avoid mating with (a) more closely related males; and (b) males infected with sexually transmitted Chlamydia pecorum. We found no evidence that female koalas avoid mating with relatively more related available mates. In fact, as the relatedness of potential mates increases, so did inbreeding events. We also found no evidence that female koalas can avoid mating with males infected with C. pecorum. The absence of active inbreeding avoidance mechanisms in koalas is concerning from a conservation perspective, as small, isolated populations may be at even higher risk of inbreeding depression than expected. At risk koala populations may require urgent conservation interventions to augment gene flow and reduce inbreeding risks. Similarly, if koalas are not avoiding mating with individuals with chlamydial disease, populations may be at higher risk from disease than anticipated, further impacting population viability.
Network‐wide traffic speed forecasting: 3D convolutional neural network with ensemble empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Zhang Shuaichao , Zhou Lingxiao , Chen Xiqun (Michael) , Zhang Lei , Li Li , Li Meng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccurate traffic speed forecasting is one of the most critical tasks in proactive traffic management and the deployment of advanced traveler information systems. This paper proposes a hybrid forecasting approach named DeepEnsemble by integrating the three‐dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) with ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). There are four steps in this hybrid approach. First, EEMD is adopted to decompose the complex traffic speed time series data with noise into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residue. Second, a three‐dimensional tensor is established and fed into 3D CNN for prediction. Third, the output of 3D CNN prediction is obtained by a linear combination of the results of all components. Finally, the 3D CNN prediction output, external features, and historical features are fused to predict the network‐wide traffic speed simultaneously. The proposed DeepEnsemble approach is tested on the three‐month traffic speed series data of a real‐world large‐scale urban expressway network with 308 traffic flow detectors in Beijing, China. The experimental results indicate that DeepEnsemble outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art network‐wide traffic speed forecasting models. 3D CNN learns temporal, spatial, and depth information better than 2D CNN. Moreover, forecasting accuracy can be improved by employing EEMD. DeepEnsemble is a promising model with scalability and portability for network‐wide traffic speed prediction and can be further extended to conduct traffic status monitoring and congestion mitigation strategies.
Landmark clinical observations and immunopathogenesis pathways linked to HIV and Cryptococcus fatal central nervous system co‐infection
Authors: Okurut Samuel , Boulware David R. , Olobo Joseph , Meya David B. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryCryptococcal meningitis remains one of the leading causes of death among HIV‐infected adults in the fourth decade of HIV era in sub‐Saharan Africa, contributing to 10%–20% of global HIV‐related deaths. Despite widespread use and early induction of ART among HIV‐infected adults, incidence of cryptococcosis remains significant in those with advanced HIV disease. Cryptococcus species that causes fatal infection follows systemic spread from initial environmental acquired infection in lungs to antigenaemia and fungaemia in circulation prior to establishment of often fatal disease, cryptococcal meningitis in the CNS. Cryptococcus person‐to‐person transmission is uncommon, and deaths related to blood infection without CNS involvement are rare. Keen to the persistent high mortality associated with HIV‐cryptococcal meningitis, seizures are common among a third of the patients, altered mental status is frequent, anaemia is prevalent with ensuing brain hypoxia and at autopsy, brain fibrosis and infarction are evident. In addition, fungal burden is 3‐to‐4‐fold higher in those with seizures. And high immune activation together with exacerbated inflammation and elevated PD‐1/PD‐L immune checkpoint expression is immunomodulated phenotypes elevated in CSF relative to blood. Lastly, though multiple Cryptococcus species cause disease in this setting, observations are mostly generalised to cryptococcal infection/meningitis or regional dominant species (C neoformans or gattii complex) that may limit our understanding of interspecies differences in infection, progression, treatment or recovery outcome. Together, these factors and underlying mechanisms are hypotheses generating for research to find targets to prevent infection or adequate therapy to prevent persistent high mortality with current optimal therapy.
Optimal leaf life strategies determine Vc,max dynamic during ontogeny
Authors: Detto Matteo , Xu Xiangtao 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Leaf photosynthetic properties, for example the maximum carboxylation velocity or Vc,max, change with leaf age due to ontogenetic processes. This study introduces an optimal dynamic allocation scheme to model changes in leaf‐level photosynthetic capacity as a function of leaf biochemical constraints (costs of synthesis and defence), nitrogen availability and other environmental factors (e.g. light).

The model consists of a system of equations describing RuBisCO synthesis and degradation within chloroplasts, defence and ageing at leaf levels, nitrogen transfer and carbon budget at plant levels.

Model results show that optimal allocation principles explained RuBisCO dynamics with leaf age. An approximated analytical solution can reproduce the basic pattern of RuBisCO and Vc,max in rice and in two tropical tree species. The model also reveals leaf life complementarities that remained unexplained in previous approaches, as the interplay between Vc,max at maturation, life span and the decline in photosynthetic capacity with age. Furthermore, it explores the role of defence, which is not implemented in current models.

This framework covers some of the existing gaps in integrating multiple processes across plant organs (chloroplast, leaf and whole plant) and is a first‐step towards representing mechanistically leaf ontogenetic processes into physiological and ecosystem models.
ABI5 modulates seed germination via feedback regulation of the expression of the PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptor genes
Authors: Zhao Hongyun , Nie Kaili , Zhou Huapeng , Yan Xiaojing , Zhan Qidi , Zheng Yuan , Song Chun‐Peng 
Published: May 2020

Summary

As abscisic acid (ABA) receptors, PYR1/PYL/RCAR (PYLs) play important roles in ABA‐mediated seed germination, but the regulation of PYLs in this process, especially at the transcriptional level, remains unclear.

In this study, we found that expression of 11 of 14 PYLs changes significantly during seed germination and is affected by exogenous ABA. Two PYLs, PYL11 and PYL12, both of which are expressed specifically in mature seeds, positively modulate ABA‐mediated seed germination.

However, ABI5 was found to modulate the PYL11‐ and PYL12‐mediated ABA response. In the abi5‐7 mutant, ABA hypersensitivity caused by PYL11 and PYL12 overexpression was totally or partially blocked. By contrast, ABI5 regulates the expression of PYL11 and PYL12 by directly binding to their promoters. Moreover, the expression of eight other PYLs is also affected during the germination of abi5 mutants. Promoter analysis revealed that an ABI5‐binding region is present next to the TATA box or initiator box.

Together, our data demonstrate the role of PYL11 and PYL12 in seed germination. In addition, the identification of PYLs as targets of ABI5 reveals a role of ABI5 in the feedback regulation of ABA‐mediated seed germination.
Molecular and functional diversity of organelle RNA editing mediated by RNA recognition motif‐containing protein ORRM4 in tomato
Authors: Yang Yongfang , Liu Xiuying , Wang Keru , Li Jinyan , Zhu Guoning , Ren Shuang , Deng Zhiping , Zhu Benzhong , Fu Daqi , Qu Guiqin , Luo Yunbo , Zhu Hongliang 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Plant organellar RNA editing is a distinct type of post‐transcriptional RNA modification that is critical for plant development. We showed previously that the RNA editing factor SlORRM4 is required for mitochondrial function and fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, a comprehensive atlas of the RNA editing mediated by SlORRM4 is lacking.

We observed that SlORRM4 is targeted to both chloroplasts and mitochondria, and its knockout results in pale‐green leaves and delayed fruit ripening. Using high‐throughput sequencing, we identified 12 chloroplast editing sites and 336 mitochondrial editing sites controlled by SlORRM4, accounting for 23% of chloroplast sites in leaves and 61% of mitochondrial sites in fruits, respectively.

Analysis of native RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed that SlORRM4 binds to 31 RNA targets; 19 of these targets contain SlORRM4‐dependent editing sites. Large‐scale analysis of putative SlORRM4‐interacting proteins identified SlRIP1b, a RIP/MORF protein. Moreover, functional characterization demonstrated that SlRIP1b is involved in tomato fruit ripening.

Our results indicate that SlORRM4 binds to RNA targets and interacts with SlRIP1b to broadly affect RNA editing in tomato organelles. These results provide insights into the molecular and functional diversity of RNA editing factors in higher plants.
Representative bureaucracy and impartial policing
Authors: Gilad Sharon , Dahan Momi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRepresentative bureaucracy theory expects minority bureaucrats to advance the interests of minority citizens. Yet, little attention has been given to the variation in the acceptability, incentives and risks of representation across bureaucratic domains. Analysis of over two million police vehicle stops from four different US departments reveals that African American police officers do not treat African Americans preferentially, yet they mitigate existing racial disparities in policing. Compared with White officers, African Americans seem less disposed to use their discretion. They are disinclined to search drivers, yet inclined to cite them, displaying comparatively low disparities across social groups. These findings extend to pure traffic violations, and are robust to entropy balancing reweighting. We provisionally attribute African American police officers' impartial policing style to their compelling need to display their performance, and avoid blame, amidst intra‐organizational pressures and risks ensuing from the political salience of the police's clash with minority communities.
Cross‐cultural adaptation of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool – Youth Thai version
Authors: Kadli Supannikar , Lekskulchai Raweewan , Jalayondeja Chutima , Hiller Claire E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to translate the original version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAITY) into a Thai version by using cross‐cultural adaptation, and to examine the psychometric properties and cut‐off score of the CAITY – Thai version (CAITY‐T).MethodsSix cross‐cultural adaptation steps were used to translate and validate the psychometric properties with 267 participants, 140 with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and 127 without CAI. Their mean age was 12.3 ± 2.42 years. Validation was carried out for internal consistency and concurrent validity against a visual analog scale for global perceived ankle instability, and for discriminant validity (receiver operating characteristic curve). The CAITY‐T was completed twice by 133 volunteer children (49.62%) for test‐retest reliability. The cut‐off score was determined using Youden’s index.ResultsThe CAITY was successfully adapted for the Thai language. Validation showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.767) and concurrent validity (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.8 right ankle and 0.784 left ankle). The test‐retest reliability was substantial with an intraclass correlation coefficient (2,1) of 0.865 (95% Confidence Interval = 0.809–0.904). The receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden’s index showed the cut‐off score that discriminated between children with and without CAI on the CAITY‐T at ≤25. The CAITY‐T obtained 95.2% sensitivity, 97% specificity, 0.05 negative, and 32 positive likelihood ratios.ConclusionThe CAITY‐T was valid and available for Thai children aged 8–16 years. It displayed positive reliability, good validity, and an acceptable cut‐off score. The cut‐off score for children had high sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios.
Trends in gastroesophageal reflux disease in Japanese children and adolescents
Authors: Kusakari Mai , Nakayama Yoshiko , Horiuchi Akira , Nakazawa Yozo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been increasing in Japan, little is known about the prevalence and severity of GERD in pediatric patients. This study compared the prevalence and severity of endoscopically proven GERD in pediatric patients seen at an endoscopy center in Japan over a 15‐year period.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of Japanese children aged 5–18 years undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy for upper gastrointestinal symptoms or anemia between 2005 and 2019. The prevalence and severity of reflux esophagitis and endoscopic Barrett’s esophagus were compared between the periods 2005–2012 and 2013–2019.ResultsA total of 564 patients were evaluated: 315 from 2005 to 2012 (mean ± SD) age 13.8 ± 3.0 (range, 5‐18 years; 147 boys; and 249 from 2013 to 2019 (mean ± SD) 14.7 ± 2.8 (range, 5–18) years; 108 boys. Demographics and clinical features were similar between the two groups. The proportion with erosive esophagitis or endoscopic Barrett’s esophagus increased significantly between the two periods (9.8% to 18.1% for GERD, P = 0.0045 and 2.5% to 9.6% for Barrett’s esophagus, P = 0.0003). The proportion of GERD patients with endoscopic Barrett’s esophagus also significantly increased between the two periods (24/45 [53.3%]) vs (8/31 [25.8%]), P = 0.017].ConclusionThe prevalence and severity of endoscopically proven GERDs has significantly increased over the past 15 years at an endoscopy center in Japan. Detailed population‐based studies are needed to assess whether this is occurring throughout Japan.
Distinguishing Activities in the Photodynamic Arsenals of the Pigmented Ciliates Blepharisma sinuosum Sawaya, 1940 and Blepharisma japonicum Suzuki, 1954 (Ciliophora: Heterotrichea)
Authors: Cavaleiro Jéssica , Oliveira Nathally B. , Ribeiro Talita A. , Guimarães Lohaine F. , Fernandes Noemi M. , da Silva‐Neto Inácio D. , Marszaukowski Flávia , Wohnrath Karen , Barreto Cleber B. , Schweikert Michael , Petroni Giulio , Ortenzi Claudio , Buonanno Federico , Picciani Paulo H. S. , Oliveira Osvaldo N. , Soares Carlos Augusto G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBlepharismins are photodynamic hypericin‐like dianthrones produced as a variable pigment blend in Blepharisma ciliates and mostly studied in the Afro‐Asiatic Blepharisma japonicum. The present work describes the bioactivity of pigments from the Brazilian Blepharisma sinuosum. Comparative analyses showed that the pigments from both species can trigger photo‐induced modifications in phospholipids, but different redox properties and biological activities were assigned for each pigment blend. Stronger activities were detected for B. sinuosum pigments, with the lethal concentration LC50 10 × lower than B. japonicum pigments in light‐irradiated tests against Bacillus cereus and less than half for treatments on the human HeLa tumor cells. HPLC showed B. sinuosum producing a simpler pigment blend, mostly with the blepharismin‐C (~ 70%) and blepharismin‐E (~ 30%) types. Each blepharismin engaged a specific dose–response profile on sensitive cells. The blepharismin‐B and blepharismin‐C were the most toxic pigments, showing LC50 ~ 2.5–3.0 µm and ~ 100 µm on B. cereus and HeLa cells, respectively, after illumination. Similarity clustering analysis compiling the bioactivity data revealed two groups of blepharismins: the most active, B and C, and the less active, A, D and E. The B. sinuosum pigment blend includes one representative of each clade. Functional and medical implications are discussed.