bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measured resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, and body composition in patients with narcolepsy: a preliminary report of a case–control study
Authors: Abulmeaty Mahmoud M. A. , BaHammam Ahmed S. , Aljuraiban Ghadeer S. , Almajwal Ali M. , Aldosari Mona S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis case–control study compared the body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and respiratory quotient (RQ) of narcolepsy patients with those of body mass index (BMI)- gender and age-matched controls. This study included 14 male patients with narcolepsy and 14 matched controls. The narcolepsy patients were subdivided into two subgroups (n = 7/each): those with cataplexy (NT1) and those without cataplexy (NT2). Anthropometric measurements, bioelectric impedance analysis, and indirect calorimetry were used in addition to the calculation of common body-composition indices (conicity index, abdominal volume index, and body adiposity index). Our results showed no significant difference in fat percentage, fat mass, fat-free mass, and TBW among NT1, NT2, and controls (p > 0.05). Compared to matched controls, there was a reduction of muscle mass in both NT1 and NT2 subgroups. The RMR was similar in all groups, while patients in the NT1/NT2 subgroups had a lower RQ, used more fat and fewer carbohydrates during the fasting period. These findings give an insight into the distinctive state of altered metabolism in patients with narcolepsy, especially the resting metabolic rate, which was not altered in NT1 vs. NT2 compared to the controls when matched for BMI, age, and gender.
Synthesis of mesoporous SnO2/NiO nanocomposite using modified sol–gel method and its electrochemical performance as electrode material for supercapacitors
Authors: Varshney Bhaskar , Siddiqui M. J. , Anwer A. Hakeem , Khan M. Zain , Ahmed Faheem , Aljaafari Abdullah , Hammud Hassan H. , Azam Ameer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this research work, SnO2, NiO and SnO2/NiO nanocomposites were synthesized at low temperature by modified sol–gel method using ultrasonication. Prepared samples were investigated for their properties employing various characterization techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the purity and phase of the samples as no secondary phase was detected. The average crystallite size of the nanocomposites was found to decrease from 19.24 to 4.53 nm with the increase in NiO concentration. It was confirmed from SEM micrographs that the material has mesoporous morphology. This mesoporous morphology resulted in the increase of the surface to mass ratio of the material, which in turn increases the specific capacitance of the material. The UV–Visible spectra showed the variation in the band gap of SnO2/NiO at different weight ratio ranging from 3.49 to 3.25 eV on increasing NiO concentration in the samples. These composites with different mass ratio of SnO2 and NiO were also characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy that showed shifting of the peaks centered at 545 cm−1 in the spectra for NiO/SnO2 nanocomposite. The analysis of the electrochemical performance of the material was done with the help of cyclic voltammetry and Galvanostatic charge–discharge. The specific capacitance of the synthesized samples with different concentration of SnO2 and NiO was analyzed at different scan rates of 5 to 100 mV/s. Interestingly, 7:1 mass ratio of NiO and SnO2 (SN7) nanocomposite exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of ~ 464 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s and good capacitance retention of 87.24% after 1,000 cycles. These excellent electrochemical properties suggest that the SnO2/NiO nanocomposite can be used for high energy density supercapacitor electrode material.
Human-like maternal left-cradling bias in monkeys is altered by social pressure
Authors: Boulinguez-Ambroise Grégoire , Pouydebat Emmanuelle , Disarbois Éloïse , Meguerditchian Adrien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAbout 66–72% of human mothers cradle their infants on their left side. Given that left-cradling exposes the baby’s face to the mother’s left visual field (i.e., mainly projected to her right hemisphere) and is altered by emotional states such as stress, maternal left-cradling was interpreted as reflecting right-hemispheric dominance for emotional processing. Whether this phenomenon is unique to human evolution is still in debate. In the present study we followed 44 olive baboon (Papio anubis) mothers and their infants in different social groups. We found that a maternal cradling bias exists and is predominantly towards the left in a similar proportion as in humans, but shifts toward a right bias in mothers living in high density groups. The sensitivity of left-cradling to social pressure highlights its potential links with the mother’s stress as reported in humans. Our finding clearly illustrates the phylogenetic continuity between humans and Old-World monkeys concerning this lateralization and its potential links with hemispheric specialization for emotions, inherited from a common ancestor 25–35 million years ago.
Growth rate trades off with enzymatic investment in soil filamentous fungi
Authors: Zheng Weishuang , Lehmann Anika , Ryo Masahiro , Vályi Kriszta Kezia , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSaprobic soil fungi drive many important ecosystem processes, including decomposition, and many of their effects are related to growth rate and enzymatic ability. In mycology, there has long been the implicit assumption of a trade-off between growth and enzymatic investment, which we test here using a set of filamentous fungi from the same soil. For these fungi we measured growth rate (as colony radial extension) and enzymatic repertoire (activities of four enzymes: laccase, cellobiohydrolase, leucine aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase), and explored the interaction between the traits based on phylogenetically corrected methods. Our results support the existence of a trade-off, however only for the enzymes presumably representing a larger metabolic cost (laccase and cellobiohydrolase). Our study offers new insights into potential functional complementarity within the soil fungal community in ecosystem processes, and experimentally supports an enzymatic investment/growth rate trade-off underpinning phenomena including substrate succession.
Subtyping analysis reveals new variants and accelerated evolution of Clostridioides difficile toxin B
Authors: Shen Enhui , Zhu Kangli , Li Danyang , Pan Zhenrui , Luo Yun , Bian Qiao , He Liuqing , Song Xiaojun , Zhen Ying , Jin Dazhi , Tao Liang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClostridioides difficile toxins (TcdA and TcdB) are major exotoxins responsible for C. difficile infection (CDI) associated diseases. The previously reported TcdB variants showed distinct biological features, immunoactivities, and potential pathogenicity in disease progression. Here, we performed global comparisons of amino acid sequences of both TcdA and TcdB from 3,269 C. difficile genomes and clustered them according to the evolutionary relatedness. We found that TcdB was much diverse and could be divided into eight subtypes, of which four were first described. Further analysis indicates that the tcdB gene undergoes accelerated evolution to maximize diversity. By tracing TcdB subtypes back to their original isolates, we found that the distribution of TcdB subtypes was not completely aligned with the phylogeny of C. difficile. These findings suggest that the tcdB genes not only frequently mutate, but also continuously transfer and exchange among C. difficile strains.
Probing the temperature of supported platinum nanoparticles under microwave irradiation by in situ and operando XAFS
Authors: Ano Taishi , Tsubaki Shuntaro , Liu Anyue , Matsuhisa Masayuki , Fujii Satoshi , Motokura Ken , Chun Wang-Jae , Wada Yuji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrowave irradiation can cause high local temperatures at supported metal nanoparticles, which can enhance reaction rates. Here we discuss the temperature of platinum nanoparticles on γ-Al2O3and SiO2supports under microwave irradiation using the Debye–Waller factor obtained from in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. Microwave irradiation exhibits considerably smaller Deby–Waller factors than conventional heating, indicating the high local temperature at the nanoparticles. The difference in the average temperatures between the platinum nanoparticles and the bulk under microwaves reaches 26 K and 132 K for Pt/Al2O3and Pt/SiO2, respectively. As a result, Pt/SiO2exhibits considerably more reaction acceleration for the catalytic dehydrogenation of 2-propanol under microwave irradiation than Pt/Al2O3. We also find microwaves enhance the reduction of PtOxnanoparticles by using operando X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The present results indicate that significant local heating of platinum nanoparticles by microwaves is effective for the acceleration of catalytic reactions.
The Effect of Pitch Auditory Feedback Perturbations on the Production of Anticipatory Phrasal Prominence and Boundary
Authors: Hilger Allison , Cole Jennifer , Kim Jason H. , Lester-Smith Rosemary A. , Larson Charles 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
In this study, we investigated how the direction and timing of a perturbation in voice pitch auditory feedback during phrasal production modulated the magnitude and latency of the pitch-shift reflex as well as the scaling of acoustic production of anticipatory intonation targets for phrasal prominence and boundary.

Method
Brief pitch auditory feedback perturbations (±200 cents for 200-ms duration) were applied during the production of a target phrase on the first or the second word of the phrase. To replicate previous work, we first measured the magnitude and latency of the pitch-shift reflex as a function of the direction and timing of the perturbation within the phrase. As a novel approach, we also measured the adjustment in the production of the phrase-final prominent word as a function of perturbation direction and timing by extracting the acoustic correlates of pitch, loudness, and duration.

Results
The pitch-shift reflex was greater in magnitude after perturbations on the first word of the phrase, replicating the results from Mandarin speakers in an American English–speaking population. Additionally, the production of the phrase-final prominent word was acoustically enhanced (lengthened vowel duration and increased intensity and fundamental frequency) after perturbations earlier in the phrase, but more so after perturbations on the first word in the phrase.

Conclusion
The timing of the pitch perturbation within the phrase modulated both the magnitude of the pitch-shift reflex and the production of the prominent word, supporting our hypothesis that speakers use auditory feedback to correct for immediate production errors and to scale anticipatory intonation targets during phrasal production.
Wideband transition from substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide in K‐band by width profiling
Authors: Fu Yunhao , Gong Liang , Chan King Yuk , Ramer Rodica 
Published: July 2020

A wideband in‐line substrate integrated waveguide‐to‐rectangular waveguide transition in K‐band is proposed. A novel 1:2 E‐plane step is developed as a building block. The entire transition consists of the 1:2 E‐plane step, a multilayer transition based on the 1:2 E‐plane step, and a taper. Impedance matching is achieved by profiling the widths of the structure along the midline, which is different from the traditional configurations with height profiling. The proposed method provides good impedance matching in the transition with identical steps, and from the authors’ best knowledge, has not been presented yet. The method of width profiling and the features of identical steps in the stacked structure allow the fabrication of not only metal but also identical printed circuit board panels. As a trade‐off, the cascaded network increases the length with reduced bandwidth potentially. For demonstration, a prototype is fabricated and tested. The measurement of the back‐to‐back configuration agrees with the simulation, revealing a measured return loss of 15 dB from 20.14 to 25.84 GHz.
Pyramid wavefront sensor optical gains compensation using a convolutional model
Authors: Chambouleyron V. , Fauvarque O. , Janin-Potiron P. , Correia C. , Sauvage J-F. , Schwartz N. , Neichel B. , Fusco T. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Extremely large telescopes are overwhelmingly equipped with pyramid wavefront sensors (PyWFS) over the more widely used Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor to perform their single-conjugate adaptive optics (SCAO) mode. The PyWFS, a sensor based on Fourier filtering, has proven to be highly successful in many astronomy applications. However, this sensor exhibits non-linear behaviours that lead to a reduction of the sensitivity of the instrument when working with non-zero residual wavefronts. This so-called optical gains (OG) effect, degrades the closed-loop performance of SCAO systems and prevents accurate correction of non-common path aberrations (NCPA).
Aims. In this paper, we aim to compute the OG using a fast and agile strategy to control PyWFS measurements in adaptive optics closed-loop systems.
Methods. Using a novel theoretical description of PyWFS, which is based on a convolutional model, we are able to analytically predict the behaviour of the PyWFS in closed-loop operation. This model enables us to explore the impact of residual wavefront errors on particular aspects such as sensitivity and associated OG. The proposed method relies on the knowledge of the residual wavefront statistics and enables automatic estimation of the current OG. End-to-end numerical simulations are used to validate our predictions and test the relevance of our approach.
Results. We demonstrate, using on non-invasive strategy, that our method provides an accurate estimation of the OG. The model itself only requires adaptive optics telemetry data to derive statistical information on atmospheric turbulence. Furthermore, we show that by only using an estimation of the current Fried parameter r0 and the basic system-level characteristics, OGs can be estimated with an accuracy of less than 10%. Finally, we highlight the importance of OG estimation in the case of NCPA compensation. The proposed method is applied to the PyWFS. However, it remains valid for any wavefront sensor based on Fourier filtering subject from OG variations.
Endoscopic Management of Postlaparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Leaks: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Jagtap Nitin , Yashavanth H.S. , Kalapala Rakesh , Katakwar Abhishek , Ramchandani Mohan , Ajmere Vaibhav , Tandan Manu , Darishetty Santosh , Rao G. Venkat , Reddy D. Nageshwar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a commonly performed bariatric surgery. Sleeve leak is the most important complication, with an incidence of 1.9 to 2.4%. Various endoscopic approaches to LSG have been used, including self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs), glue injection, and clipping along with percutaneous drainage. This study was aimed to study the role of endotherapy in the management of post-LSG leaks.
Methods This study included patients referred for endotherapy for post-LSG leak between January 2016 and December 2018. We maintained data prospectively, which included the location and type of leak, type of endotherapy, adverse events, and time for leak closure. Primary endotherapy included mega SEMS placement; if it failed, then secondary endoscopic therapy was performed.
Results Seven patients (four females, with a mean age of 45.2 years) with a preoperative body mass index of mean 38.5 kg/m2 underwent endotherapy for post-LSG leaks. Two were acute, four were early, and the remaining one was late leak. Five were located proximally near gastroesophageal junction and two at the midsleeve level. In four (57.1%) patients, the leak was resolved by primary therapy. Three patients underwent secondary therapy that included overlapping SEMS placement (in one patient), SEMS replacement (in one patient), and short plastic biliary stent placement with Argon plasma coagulation (APC) to create a raw surface and induce granulation tissue. The median duration for leak closure was 12 weeks (range: 8–24 weeks). One patient who had partial distal migration underwent overlapping SEMS placement. Three patients had nonbleeding ulcers at the distal end of SEMS at removal.
Conclusion Endotherapy is effective and safe for the management of post-LSG leaks. Additional endotherapy can be used if primary therapy is not successful for resolution of the leak.
Both Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Is an Emerging Indication for Liver Transplantation in the United States
Authors: Fritze Danielle , Singh Amandeep , Lawitz Eric , Kowdley Kris V. , Halff Glenn , Cigarroa Francisco , Klair Tarunjeet , Lopez Rocio , Noureddin Mazen , Alkhouri Naim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are now the most common indications for liver transplantation (LT) in the United States. A subset of patients have both alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (BASH). This study characterizes patients with BASH requiring LT and assesses changes in the prevalence of BASH as an indication for LT.
Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing database was analyzed for all patients ≥ 18 years of age who received their first deceased donor LT from 2002 to 2016 for ALD, NASH, or BASH. Baseline demographics, clinical parameters, and LT outcomes were compared between groups.
Results Since 2002, 85,448 patients underwent LT:15,327 had ALD, 9,971 had NASH, and 2,779 had BASH. The prevalence of BASH as an indication for LT increased from 0.5% in 2002 to 5% in 2016. Compared with patients with NASH, those with BASH were significantly more likely to be male (85.6 vs. 57%), younger (mean 56.4 vs. 58.6 years), and Hispanic (22.2 vs. 13.6%) (p < 0.001 for all). While indication for transplant was not significantly associated with transplant outcomes on multivariable analysis, patient and graft survival curves do differ significantly by indication for transplant, with worse outcomes for patients with BASH (patient survival at 5 years: NASH 78.1%, ALD 77.2%, BASH 73.5%, p = 0.013; graft survival at 5 years: NASH 75.3%, ALD 74.0%, BASH 70.8%, p = 0.046).
Conclusions BASH is a rising indication for LT, especially for Hispanic males, due to the increasing prevalence of ALD and NASH in the United States.
Surgical Portosystemic Shunts: History, Evolution, and Current Applications
Authors: Lopez-Verdugo Fidel , Sánchez-García Jorge , Gagnon Andrew , Kastenberg Zachary J. , Zendejas Ivan , Feola G. Peter , Rodriguez-Davalos Manuel I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMechanical obstruction, thrombus, intrinsic liver disease causing fibrosis or cirrhosis, or an outflow obstruction at the level of the sinusoids or hepatic venous obstruction can cause an increase in pressure or resistance, or both, leading to portal hypertension (PH). Portosystemic shunts (PSS) are usually performed to relieve the congestion that inevitably occurs in the setting of PH. Since their introduction, surgical PSS were often the treatment of choice to prevent recurrent bleeding in patients with clinically significant PH. Development of novel pharmacological therapies, continuous improvement of endoscopic approaches, the introduction of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and advancements in transplantation has provided an evolution in the approach for PH and has precipitated the steady decrease in the proportion of patients needing surgical shunts. Despite this, PSS remain important tools in the surgeon's armamentarium, as they are often employed in the pediatric population with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and are frequently being used for portal inflow modulation to achieve better portal hemodynamics in resections and transplantation. This has become of great relevance to decrease the risk of small-for-size syndrome and portal hyperperfusion in liver transplantation, and to decrease the risk of posthepatectomy liver dysfunction after major resections in hepatobiliary surgery.
Gastric Antral Webs: Anatomical Variants and Appropriate Endotherapy
Authors: Varadarajulu Hema V. , Mohanasundaram Kavitha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a 65-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis presenting with dyspeptic symptoms. Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy revealed a gastric antral web, which was confirmed by UGI series. The presence of webs in the gastrointestinal tract, excluding the esophagus, is a rarity. Here, we highlight the anatomical variations in antral webs and endoscopic diagnosis, which ultimately influence the type of endotherapy.
Universal SARS-Cov-2 Screening in Women Admitted for Delivery in a Large Managed Care Organization
Authors: Fassett Michael J. , Lurvey Lawrence D. , Yasumura Lyn , Nguyen Marielle , Colli Joseph J. , Volodarskiy Marianna , Gullett Jonathan C. , Braun David , Fong Alex , Trivedi Neha , Bruxvoort Katia , Chiu Vicki , Getahun Darios 
Published: July 2020

Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a need for data regarding the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pregnant women. After implementing universal screening for COVID-19 in women admitted for delivery, we sought to describe the characteristics of COVID-19 in this large cohort of women.
Study Design An observational study of women admitted to labor and delivery units in Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) hospitals between April 6 and May 11, 2020 who were universally offered testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 3,963). Hospital inpatient and outpatient physician encounter, and laboratory records were used to ascertain universal testing levels, test results, and medical and obstetrical histories. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was estimated from the number of women who tested positive during labor per 100 women delivered.
Results Of women delivered during the study period, 3,923 (99.0%) underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing. A total of 17 (0.43%; 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.63%) women tested positive, and none of them were symptomatic on admission. There was no difference in terms of characteristics between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative tested women. One woman developed a headache attributed to COVID-19 3 days postpartum. No neonates had a positive test at 24 hours of life.
Conclusion The findings suggest that in pregnant women admitted for delivery between April 6 and May 11, 2020 in this large integrated health care system in Southern California, prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 test positive was very low and all patients were asymptomatic on admission.
Key Points