bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of seepage velocity and concentration on chromium(VI) removal in abiotic and biotic iron columns
Authors: Yin Weizhao , Fang Zhanqiang , Huang Jingling , Li Ping , Zhong Jiawei , Chiang Penchi , Wu Jinhua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContinuous‐flow iron and bio‐iron columns were used to evaluate the effects of seepage velocity and concentration on Cr(VI) removal from groundwater. Solid‐phase analysis showed that microorganisms accelerated iron corrosion by excreting extracellular polymeric substances and generated highly reactive minerals containing Fe(II), which gave the bio‐iron column a longer life span and enhanced capacity for Cr(VI) removal via enhanced adsorption and reduction by reactive minerals. The bio‐iron column showed much higher Cr(VI) removal capacity than the iron column with increasing Cr(VI) loading, which was obtained by increasing the seepage velocity or influent Cr(VI) concentration from 95 to 1138 m yr−1 and from 5 to 40 mg L−1, respectively. When the Cr(VI) loading varied in a range of 0 to 10 mg L−1 h−1, the bio‐iron column had a 60% longer longevity and one‐ to sixfold higher Cr(VI) elimination capacity than the iron column. This result indicated that, under fluctuating hydraulic conditions [e.g., seepage velocity and Cr(VI) concentration], the presence of microorganisms can significantly boost Cr(VI) removal using Fe0–based permeable reactive barriers.
Integrating stormwater management and stream restoration strategies for greater water quality benefits
Authors: Lammers Roderick W. , Dell Tyler A. , Bledsoe Brian P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUrbanization alters the delivery of water and sediment to receiving streams, often leading to channel erosion and enlargement, which increases loading of sediment and nutrients, degrades habitat, and harms sensitive biota. Stormwater control measures (SCMs) are constructed in an attempt to mitigate some of these effects. In addition, stream restoration practices such as bank stabilization are increasingly promoted as a means of improving water quality by reducing downstream sediment and pollutant loading. Each unique combination of SCMs and stream restoration practices results in a novel hydrologic regime and set of geomorphic characteristics that interact to determine stream condition, but in practice, implementation is rarely coordinated due to funding and other constraints. In this study, we examine links between watershed‐scale implementation of SCMs and stream restoration in Big Dry Creek, a suburban watershed in the Front Range of northern Colorado. We combine continuous hydrologic model simulations of watershed‐scale response to SCM design scenarios with channel evolution modeling to examine interactions between stormwater management and stream restoration strategies for reducing loading of sediment and adsorbed phosphorus from channel erosion. Modeling results indicate that integrated design of SCMs and stream restoration interventions can result in synergistic reductions in pollutant loading. Not only do piecemeal and disunited approaches to stormwater management and stream restoration miss these synergistic benefits, they make restoration projects more prone to failure, wasting valuable resources for pollutant reduction. We conclude with a set of recommendations for integrated planning of SCMs and stream restoration to simultaneously achieve water quality and channel protection goals.
Role of delta‐front erosion in sustaining salt marshes under sea‐level rise and fluvial sediment decline
Authors: Yang Shi Lun , Luo Xiangxin , Temmerman Stijn , Kirwan Matthew , Bouma Tjeerd , Xu Kehui , Zhang Saisai , Fan Jiqing , Shi Benwei , Yang Haifei , Wang Ya Ping , Shi Xuefa , Gao Shu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccelerating sea‐level rise and decreasing riverine sediment supply are widely considered to lead to global losses of deltaic marshes and their valuable ecosystem services. However, little is known about the degree to which the related erosion of the seaward delta front can provide sediments to sustain salt marshes. Here, we present data from the mesomacrotidal Yangtze Delta demonstrating that marshes have continued to accrete vertically and laterally, despite rapid relative sea‐level rise (∼10 mm yr−1) and a > 70% decrease in the Yangtze River sediment supply. Marsh progradation has decelerated at a lower rate than fluvial sediment reduction, suggesting an additional source of sediment. We find that under favorable conditions (e.g., a mesomacrotidal range, strong tidal flow, flood dominance, sedimentary settling lag/scour lag effects, and increasing high‐tide level), delta‐front erosion can actually supply sediment to marshes, thereby maintaining marsh accretion rates in balance with relative sea‐level rise. Comparison of global deltas illustrates that the ability of sediment remobilization to sustain marshes depends on coastal processes and varies by more than an order of magnitude among the world's major deltas.
Dityrosine formation via reactive oxygen consumption yields increasingly recalcitrant humic‐like fluorescent organic matter in the ocean
Authors: Paerl Ryan W. , Claudio Iliana M. , Shields Michael R. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Osburn Christopher L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMarine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a massive elemental pool on Earth and is thought to consist of a chemically complex mixture of molecules. Part of marine DOM is fluorescent (FDOM) and includes humic‐like compounds. The chemical composition of, and biochemical pathways that yield, autochthonous humic‐like FDOM in the ocean is largely unknown. Inspired by medical and biochemical research detailing the formation of colored and fluorescent dityrosine via peroxidase mediated reactions, we used fluorometry and spectroscopy and found dityrosine exhibits humic‐like fluorescence similar to that of marine FDOM. Investigating its recalcitrance, we conducted short‐term nutrient‐addition and light exposure experiments with dityrosine and found it is resistant to respiration or assimilation by marine microbial communities, yet readily photodegraded. The formation and characteristics of dityrosine newly points to polymerization via reactive oxygen quenching, under aphotic and putatively photic conditions, as an explanation for autochthonous, humic‐like, (semi‐)recalcitrant DOM in the ocean.
Reconstruction of a C7–T1 brachial plexus lower root injury by transferring multiple nerves and a free gracilis muscle: Case report
Authors: Soldado Francisco , Ghizoni Marcos F. , Bertelli Jayme 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLower‐type brachial plexus injuries (BPI) are uncommon, and traditional reconstruction with tendon transfer procedures generally produce mediocre results. However, the advent of nerve transfers has rejuvenated the reconstructive options for peripheral nerve and spinal cord injuries. In this paper, we report the case 32 year‐old patient with a C7–T1 avulsion BPI in whom multiple motor and sensory nerve transfers, combined with a free gracilis muscle flap transfer, were used to restore upper‐limb functional defects. Five months after injury, several nerves were transferred (posterior division of the axillary nerve to motor nerve branches of the triceps, extensor carpi radialis brevis to flexor pollicis longus, supinator to the posterior interosseous nerve, brachialis to the ulnar nerve, and a cutaneous branch to the palm of the median nerve to the ulnar proper palmar digital nerve of the little finger). No complications occurred. M4 strength elbow extension, complete active finger extension and ulnar protective sensation were obtained. However, unsuccessful finger flexion reconstruction required a free gracilis muscle flap transfer motorized by the distal branch of the pronator teres, performed 43 months after the first surgery and resulting in complete finger flexion. Multiple nerve transfers might be a valid strategy for reconstructing lower BPIs, either in their early or late stage, which might be combined with a free gracilis muscle flap transfer.
Modeling the impact of out‐of‐phase ventilation on normal lung tissue response to radiation dose
Authors: Wallat Eric M. , Flakus Mattison J. , Wuschner Antonia E. , Shao Wei , Christensen Gary E. , Reinhardt Joseph M. , Baschnagel Andrew M. , Bayouth John E. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeTo create a dose‐response model that predicts lung ventilation change following radiation therapy, and examine the effects of out‐of‐phase ventilation.MethodsThe dose‐response model was built using 27 human subjects who underwent radiation therapy (RT) from an IRB‐approved trial. For each four‐dimensional computed tomography, two ventilation maps were created by calculating the N‐phase local expansion ratio (LERN) using most or all breathing phases and the 2‐phase LER (LER2) using only the end inspiration and end expiration breathing phases. A polynomial regression model was created using the LERN ventilation maps pre‐RT and post‐RT and dose distributions for each subject, and crossvalidated with a leave‐one‐out method. Further validation of the model was performed using 15 additional human subjects using common statistical operating characteristics and gamma pass rates.ResultsFor voxels receiving 20 Gy or greater, there was a significant increase from 52% to 59% (P = 0.03) in the gamma pass rates of the LERN model predicted post‐RT Jacobian maps to the actual post‐RT Jacobian maps, relative to the LER2 model. Additionally, accuracy significantly increased (P = 0.03) from 68% to 75% using the LERN model, relative to the LER2 model.ConclusionsThe LERN model was significantly more accurate than the LER2 model at predicting post‐RT ventilation maps. More accurate post‐RT ventilation maps will aid in producing a higher quality functional avoidance treatment plan, allowing for potentially better normal tissue sparing.
Is Bigger Better? Evaluation of Size-Selective Predation on Age-0 Walleye
Authors: Grausgruber Emily Elise , Weber Michael John 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The success of fish stocking programs is dependent on poststocking survival. However, survival can be influenced by size-selective mortality, where larger individuals are expected to be less vulnerable to predation. Walleye Sander vitreus is a commonly stocked sport fish, but little is known regarding the role of size-selective predation on age-0 Walleye (90–290 mm TL) that are stocked in the presence of various piscivores with different foraging strategies and morphological features. Our objective was to evaluate whether the TL of consumed age-0 Walleye was related to predator TL, predator gape height, or the probability of predation. We also assessed whether length distributions varied among stocked, recaptured, and consumed age-0 Walleye. Data for the food habits of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, Smallmouth Bass M. dolomieu, Northern Pike Esox lucius, adult Walleye, and Muskellunge Esox masquinongy were collected from East Okoboji Lake and West Okoboji Lake, Iowa, USA during fall 2015–2017. Over the course of the study, 301 age-0 Walleye were recovered from 3,514 predator stomachs. Mean, maximum (85th percentile), and minimum (15th percentile) TL of the consumed age-0 Walleye were not related to the TL or gape height of the predators (P &gt; 0.05), but the probability of predation decreased by 0.02 for every 10-mm increase in the TL of the age-0 Walleye. The length distributions indicated that consumed Walleye were generally smaller, whereas recaptured Walleye tended to be larger than stocked fish were. Our approach to evaluating poststocking size-selective predation on age-0 Walleye furthers the current understanding of the importance of size at stocking relative to stocking success and suggests that stocking Walleye &gt; 220 mm is economically advantageous for reducing predation risk.
Difficulties in daily life and the association with self‐care ability in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Japan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Umeda Eiko , Shimizu Yasuko , Kawai Nobuko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo identify the unique contents of difficulties experienced in daily life among adult type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and to determine how basic characteristics and diabetic‐related self‐care agency are associated with difficulties in daily life.MethodsThis study used two surveys: “Difficulties in Daily Life,” which was a questionnaire developed for this survey and “Instrument of Diabetes Self‐Care Agency.” These two measures were then used with demographic information for cross‐sectional analysis.ResultThe final sample included 321 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Difficulties in daily life were composed of four factors: “Difficulties in diseases disclosure,” “Difficulties accommodating diabetes into daily life,” “Difficulties in employment or continuing education” and “Lack of knowledge of diabetes.” The instrument of Diabetes Self‐Care Agency was found to be associated with all four factors of difficulties in daily life. In addition, sex and diabetes duration were shown to be important predictors.
Licogliflozin, a Novel SGLT1 and 2 Inhibitor: Body Weight Effects in a Randomized Trial in Adults with Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Bays Harold E. , Kozlovski Plamen , Shao Qing , Proot Pieter , Keefe Deborah 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the dose response of licogliflozin, a dual inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and 2 (SGLT2), by evaluating change in body weight in adults with overweight or obesity.MethodsThis dose‐response analysis evaluated change in body weight following 24 weeks with four once‐daily and twice‐daily licogliflozin doses (2.5‐150 mg) versus placebo (primary end point). A further 24‐week analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of two once‐daily licogliflozin doses in maintaining initial weight reduction.ResultsLicogliflozin once daily or twice daily produced a significant dose‐response signal for weight loss versus placebo (P < 0.0001). However, mean adjusted percent changes in body weight after 24 weeks were modest, ranging from −0.45% to −3.83% (in the 50 mg twice daily group [95% CI: −5.26% to −2.48%]; n = 75). Responder analysis of ≥ 5% weight loss at week 24 revealed significant differences versus placebo, which were most pronounced with highest doses of 50 mg twice daily (45.3%) and 150 mg once daily (42.9%) (both P < 0.01). While weight loss was greater at higher doses, gastrointestinal adverse events were also more frequent. The 50‐mg once‐daily dose had perhaps the best balance between efficacy and tolerability.ConclusionsLicogliflozin produced significant reductions in body weight versus placebo. However, the magnitude of weight reduction was modest.
Social–ecological experiments to foster agroecological transition
Authors: Gaba Sabrina , Bretagnolle Vincent 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA paradigm shift is needed to make agriculture sustainable, and various substitutes for intensive agriculture have been proposed. However, moving from theory to practice, in the context of climate change, natural resource depletion and worldwide economic and social disorder requires a novel approach that goes beyond the confines of ‘normal’ scientific practice, to (a) consider ecological and socioeconomic processes within the agricultural socio‐ecosystem and (b) involving stakeholders in the research process.We propose an innovative experimental approach for identifying management practices that optimize multiple objectives, deliver a portfolio of ecosystem services and satisfy the social demands of key stakeholders while improving the socio‐economic welfare of farmers. Social–ecological experiments are undertaken in real‐field conditions, involving stakeholders explicitly, all along the experimental pathway, to help untangle the drivers of social–ecological dynamics under various practices of land management and farming. As an example, we describe a social–ecological experiment to reduce the intensity of weed control.These ‘social–ecological experiments’ go further, to participatory action research by not only involving stakeholders in the research process but also by manipulating simultaneously socioeconomic and ecological processes under real‐field conditions to foster agroecological transition. Such experiments are distinct from adaptive management, participatory agricultural research and scenario‐planning approaches as they highlight the interactions between ecological and social processes, manipulate the processes shaping the system and show causal links between patterns and processes.Social–ecological experiments offer great opportunities for increasing stakeholders' acceptance of environmental policies or sustainable agriculture programmes implemented through adaptive management. These experiments may help to identify management practices that deliver a portfolio of ecosystem services and satisfy key stakeholders.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Salvia miltiorrhiza stem‐leaf active components of salvianolic acids and flavonoids improved the hemorheological disorder and vascular endothelial function on microcirculation dysfunction rats
Authors: Sun Chengjing , Su Shulan , Zhu Yue , Guo Jianming , Guo Sheng , Qian Dawei , Yu Li , Gu Wei , Duan Jin‐ao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicrocirculation, which connects macrocirculation and cells between arterioles and venules, plays a major role in the early onset of a variety of diseases. In this article, a dextran‐induced microcirculation dysfunction (MCDF) model rats were adopted to evaluate the effects and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza stem‐leaf extracts based on plasma and urine metabonomics. The results showed the effective components of S. miltiorrhiza stem‐leaf could significantly improve the hemorheology and coagulation index of MCDF rats and callback the expression of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), induciblenitric oxide synthase (iNOS), vascularendothelial growth factor (VEGF), P‐Selectin, thromboxane A2, 6‐keto‐PGF1α, TNF‐α, and interleukin‐1β to control group in MCDF rats. The decrease of microvessel density (MVD) in lung and thymus caused by MCDF was upgraded by Salvia miltiorrhiza stem‐leaf. Based on the plasma and urine metabolic data, 20 potential biomarkers were identified. These biomarkers are mainly related to linoleic acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, pyruvate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, beta‐alanine metabolism, and citrate cycle. The results indicated that the effective components of S. miltiorrhiza stem‐leaf can improve the hemorheological disorder and vascular endothelial function. Meanwhile, the effective components can regulate potential biomarkers and correlated metabolic pathway, which can provide guidance for the research and development of new drugs for MCDF.
Theoretical studies to estimate the skin sensitization potential of chemicals of the Schiff base domain
Authors: Gleeson Duangkamol , Gleeson Matthew Paul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSkin sensitization occurs when an exogenous chemical substance forms a covalent adduct with a dermal protein electrophile or nucleophile. This instigates an immune response which leads to inflammation. The local lymph node assay is an in vivo model used in the assessment of relative skin sensitizing potency of chemicals. The method is time consuming and expensive, as well as poses ethical questions given that a number of mice must be sacrificed for each compound assessed. In this work, we investigate the use of an inexpensive, rapid, and ethical method to predict the skin sensitization potential of Schiff base chemicals. We employ quantum chemical methods to rationalize the sensitization potential of 22 compounds with a diverse range of activities. To this end, we have evaluated the mechanistic profile associated with this type of reaction using gas‐phase models. We subsequently use the predicted rate determining barriers and key physico‐chemical parameters (such as logP) to establish stucture activity relationship (SAR) guidelines to predict the skin sensitization potential for new chemicals. We find that the predicted rate determining barriers for aldehydes, ketone, and 1,2 and 1,3 diones generally decrease in the given order, which concurs with the overall trends in sensitization. We find that lipophilicity also plays a role, with those chemicals displaying both low barriers to reaction, and lower lipophilicity (ie, diones), being more likely to display undesirable skin sensitization effects. These findings are in line with experiment‐based observations in the literature and point to the value 3D quantum chemical calculations could have if combined with other orthogonal approaches to estimate skin sensitization potential of chemicals.
The Interaction of Curcumin and Rosmarinic Acid with Non‐Amyloid‐Component Domain of Alpha‐Synuclein: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Rezaei Kamelabad Mahrokh , Jahanbin Sardroodi Jaber , Rastkar Ebrahimzadeh Alireza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne notable phenomenon in the Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment is the identification of inhibitors of the self‐assembly of Alpha‐Synuclein (AS) protein. Here, the interactions of two herbal compounds of Curcumin (CUR) and Rosmarinic‐acid (RA) with the NAC domain of AS were investigated by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. More specifically, the purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular aspects and the inhibition mechanism of the considered molecules, as well as evaluating their effectiveness in preventing the AS aggregation process. The trajectories of MD simulations were used to evaluate the structural properties of the simulated systems and to infer qualitative and quantitative facts regarding the interactions between the considered ligands and the NAC domains. In addition to the MD studies, the energetics of the ligand‐NAC domain interactions were studied by MM‐PBSA method. The free energy of binding and various contributions to it, as modeled in the MM‐PBSA method, were evaluated and analyzed. The results were also analyzed in terms of the rate and strength of ligand binding to the domains. These analyses showed that RA could bind to the NAC domain faster, as compared to CUR, while the latter binds to the domain more strongly than the former does. However, overall, the results imply that both CUR and RA could effectively bind to NAC domains; so, they could be considered as candidates to reduce the aggregation of AS or as potential drugs for PD.
Structural Color Materials for Optical Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Hong Wei , Yuan Zhongke , Chen Xudong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe counterfeiting of goods is growing worldwide, affecting practically any marketable item ranging from consumer goods to human health. Anticounterfeiting is essential for authentication, currency, and security. Anticounterfeiting tags based on structural color materials have enjoyed worldwide and long‐term commercial success due to their inexpensive production and exceptional ease of percept. However, conventional anticounterfeiting tags of holographic gratings can be readily copied or imitated. Much progress has been made recently to overcome this limitation by employing sufficient complexity and stimuli‐responsive ability into the structural color materials. Moreover, traditional processing methods of structural color tags are mainly based on photolithography and nanoimprinting, while new processing methods such as the inkless printing and additive manufacturing have been developed, enabling massive scale up fabrication of novel structural color security engineering. This review presents recent breakthroughs in structural color materials, and their applications in optical encryption and anticounterfeiting are discussed in detail. Special attention is given to the unique structures for optical anticounterfeiting techniques and their optical aspects for encryption. Finally, emerging research directions and current challenges in optical encryption technologies using structural color materials is presented.