bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eco-city and Technopolis: Pros & Cons
Authors: Kurbatova S M , Aisner L Yu , Naumkina V V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article analyzes the essence and features of the formation and development of two types of urban settlements – technopolis and eco-city. The reasons and prerequisites for their formation are presented. A number of common tasks that are set between these two systems have been identified. The ever-growing dependence of mankind on technology leads to various kinds of abuses that affect people both directly and indirectly – we are talking about the environment. Given the fact that in recent decades there has been a process of increasing and expanding urban settlements (both in terms of territory and population, and the increasing complexity of various socio-economic relations and spheres) in many countries, the following points are inevitable: 1) the development of man-made manifestations and the increasing use of technological progress; 2) the impact on the environment and increasing environmental problems; 3) the need to find the most harmonious coexistence of these processes within a particular large urban settlement.
Assessment of the impact of street lighting on usage activity of pedestrian traffic spaces on the example of the square in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Bystryantseva N V , Antonov R A , Balaev A F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lighting is one of the key factors in ensuring the maximum flow of people in traffic spaces. The choice of lighting settings determines pedestrian comfort and safety, which defines the choice of pedestrian’s route. The growth of cities is the reason for finding solutions to the optimisation problem of the lighting settings of traffic spaces to reduce energy costs and ensure comfort and safety of pedestrians. Solving the problem of adaptive lighting requires experimentation. The experiment conducted in the square in Saint Petersburg showed that the shortest routes to the most remote points of the square are in great demand among pedestrians. When the level of illumination of lamps changes by 1-2 steps, a decrease in the colour temperature to 3200 K has the strongest influence on the choice of pedestrians. The preference for a route with normal and reduced to 3200 K temperature varies depending on the day of the week.
Using satellite images to study urban heat island and environmental monitoring
Authors: Olenkov V D , Biryukov A D , Sukhorukov V A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper describes a number of simplified methods of mapping of the urban environment surface temperature in order to study the structure of the urban heat island. It is very important to take into account the climatic and environmental variables of the territories when planning modern cities and settlements. To solve such problems, methods of remote sensing data are used increasingly. The study of multispectral satellite images provides more information about the characteristics of objects on the earth’s surface, as well as data on the distribution of various types of land use. Maps of the earth’s surface temperature (LST) can be used for studying the urban microclimate and localization of temperature anomalies of the city, as well as for urban planning tasks. The article considers the operation of processing a series of satellite images of urban areas for the summer period, followed by the study of temporary changes in the temperature portrait of the city. The paper considers the use of semi-automatic methods for obtaining satellite images in the thermal field, as well as a separate study of images in the near-infrared field to search for bright point sources of heat. Radiometric and atmospheric correction was performed on satellite data using the QGIS package and the Semiautomatic Classification Plugin extension. Based on the results of the study, thermal anomalies were localized in the city, and the boundaries of the heat footprint of new neighborhoods were determined.
On the methodology for risk assessment in transport of dangerous goods by road
Authors: Kuzmin A V , Gorina L N , Demin A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The general trend in the development of the technosphere implies a constant increase in the volume of transport of dangerous goods by road. The combination of “dangerous cargo and vehicle” is potentially dangerous because it can pose additional risks to road users, as well as to the environment (nature and population). For this reason, it is necessary to conduct appropriate risk analyses for the transport of dangerous goods by road, which makes it possible to assess such risks.
On making amendments to the safety data sheet for territories
Authors: Kuzmin A V , Gorina L N , Demin A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article shows the importance of developing a safety data sheet for the territories of subjects and municipalities of the Russian Federation, argues the need for risk and threat analysis of various nature and the use of information technologies in the light of general and regional informatization. An innovative approach is described, with which you can automate some stages of the development of a safety data sheet, store the characteristics of potentially dangerous technical objects, analyze the results in accordance with documents adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation. An innovative approach is described, which can be used to automate some stages of the development of a safety data sheet, store the characteristics of potentially dangerous technical objects, and analyze the results in accordance with the documents adopted by the government of the Russian Federation.
Modern approaches to analysis of emergency risks in the Irkutsk Region
Authors: Khamidullina E A , Drozdova T I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a retrospective analysis of the risks inherent in man-made and natural emergencies in the territory of the Irkutsk Region and assesses their level based on the modern risk analysis methodology. In the work, we used methods of statistical analysis. The processing and synthesis of statistical data was carried out as a whole for the Irkutsk Region and the Russian Federation for the period 2009-2019. A quantitative assessment of the risk of emergencies in the Irkutsk Region for the period 2009-2019 was carried out based on the number of emergencies and the number of injured in emergencies. We calculated the average statistical indicators of the recurrence of man-made and natural hazards, as well as the average indicators of collective risk, based on which the territory of the Irkutsk Region was assigned to the high-risk zone for emergencies of any origin. A comparison of the individual risks of death in emergencies and fires with the national indicators allowed them to be considered acceptable relative to the national level, while the individual risk of death in emergencies and fires exceeded the standard levels by about 4 times.
The improvement of safety and reliability of Ground dams and small pond dams
Authors: Vasilieva E V , Fedorov V M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Earth dams and dikes belong to the increased technology-related risk facilities, most of the accidents on which occur due to the facility design and construction errors. 60 % of the more than three hundred dam and dike collapse accidents in various countries of the world over the past 100 years have been caused by filtration through the structure’s body, suffusion and loosening of the soil, and consequently, the crest and slope failure. This paper considers the issues of developing and creating more effective structural measures to combat the earth dam and dike defects and damages, based on well-known and proven design solutions considering the technical and financial capabilities of local repair and construction companies and economies, as well as their mechanical equipment and local raw materials available.
Assessment and method for reducing the risk of emergencies at enterprises using equipment operating under excessive pressure
Authors: Udartseva O V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article assesses the likelihood of an emergency during the operation of excessive pressure equipment. Emergency situations were developed and simulated, their consequences were evaluated. Sketch maps for the implementation of events on the terrain with radii of damage to people and infrastructure were plotted. Simulation of the emergency showed that in case of an explosion of a steam boiler, severe structural damage and complete destruction of a mobile steam unit are possible. Based on the simulation results, a technical solution is proposed aimed at preventing the explosion of a steam boiler due to the implementation of an automated shutdown of fuel and water supply by installing a pressure measurement sensor. The technical solution describes the algorithm of the proposed automation process and the operator’s actions in case of failure of safety valves and the operation of the pressure measurement sensor.
Improving the sustainability of cultural heritage sites using the INFORM Method
Authors: Muravyeva E V , Arefyeva E V , Danilina N E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article presents proposals on the use of the risk index method to determine the sustainability of cultural heritage sites. This INFORM method is based on the assessment of the three risk components by measuring the relevant indicators in each of three directions: the degree of danger; level of vulnerability; counteraction (overcoming) potential. The method includes about 50 different indicators for measuring hazards and impact on them, vulnerability indicators and determining the necessary resources for stopping hazards. The integral risk index is formed as the geometric mean of the component indices: danger, vulnerability and lack of counteraction potential. The application of the INFORM method for the development and adoption of managerial decisions to increase the sustainability and security of cultural and historical heritage sites makes it possible to assess risk, and in the future, planning measures for the restoration and maintenance of cultural heritage sites.
Determining the vulnerability of educational institutions in terms of the requirements of the program “My city to prepare”
Authors: Muravyova E V , Utkin A V , Valiullin B M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article considers the risks that pose a danger to educational institutions in the aspect of the requirements of international programs to improve the sustainability of cities. Risk-generating factors that threaten the sustainability of educational institutions can be both external and internal, associated with the social interaction of the participants of this organization. The authors believe that one of the most significant factors in the sustainability of an educational institution is the state of anti-terrorism security. The main principles for ensuring anti-terrorist security are: elimination of the source of danger from the system; exclusion of conditions for the commission of terrorist acts. The article describes the criteria for anti-terrorism protection, a small number of which, when attesting the anti-terrorism security of an educational institution on its own, is determined by the capabilities of the educational institution itself. Recommendations are given on creating a plan to reduce the vulnerability of an educational institution.
Risk control system for the construction of urban underground structures
Authors: Kulikova E Yu , Balovtsev S V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Complex development of dense urban underground space puts forward a number of requirements that must be taken into account when planning, designing and building, because underground structures under construction and in operation are high-risk areas and, in the event of an accident, pose a serious danger to the people in them. The purpose of the risk control system for the construction and operation of underground structures in megacities is to ensure the successful functioning of urban systems in conditions of risk and uncertainty. In the event of an emergency, the implementation of risk control measures should ensure that the adverse impact caused by accidental events on the successful operation of megacity facilities is minimized. The article considers the functional risk control system in urban underground construction, presents an analysis and classification of risk-forming factors that affect the environmental and technological safety of urban underground space development. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of risk development were identified. The main requirements and principles of forming a risk control system for the development of urban underground space are formulated.
Reducing the risk of hazards when working with radioactive substances and ionizing radiation
Authors: Gumerov T Yu , Gabdukaeva L Z , Freze T Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a product designed to feed people working with radioactive substances and ionizing radiation. The effectiveness of the proposed composition is characterized by the anti-radiation properties of the ingredients included in the composition in the optimal amount and ratio. This product can be recommended as an additional component of dietary and therapeutic nutrition for radiation damage and free radical oxidation of the human body. The presence of a sulfur-containing amino acid - cysteine determines the radiation protective properties of the product and provides an antitumor effect. Cereal bar is proposed for feeding workers who work with radioactive substances and ionising radiation, which includes oat bran, light or dark raisins, dried dates, bee honey, coarse wheat fibre, buckwheat flour, dried apricots, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds, black currant berries, green apple, butter, dried sea cabbage, crushed fresh beets and dried chokeberry fruits. Ivention provides the preparation of cereal bars intended for feeding workers working with radioactive substances and ionising radiation, with radioprotective effect, which accelerate the excretion of radioactive substances from the body.
Monitoring of soil and plant complexes on forest fund lands in the area of influence of Orenburg oil and gas condensate field
Authors: Filippova A V , Rjabuhina M V , Hakimov E R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
At the current stage of Russia’s development one of the priorities is to ensure the protection of the environment and the rational use of natural resources. In the Framework of State Policy on Environmental Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 the ecological situation in the country is characterized by a high level of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment and significant environmental consequences of past economic activities. The problem of improving the legal regulation and organization of environmental activities of industrial enterprises as polluting objects of the environment is particularly relevant. The main pollutants emitted by Orenburg oil and gas condensate field are nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen carbon and other compounds. When pollutants enter the atmosphere their physical and chemical changes occur during movement and propagation in space, turbulent diffusion and dilution.
Need for development of an optimal method for calculating the risk of action of contaminants on human health
Authors: Zhilyakov E , Monakhova Z , Monakhov M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
According to the annual monitoring of water bodies in the Tyumen Oblast, it can be concluded that more than half of the samples taken from drinking water supply sources according to sanitary and toxicological criteria did not meet the normative values out of the total number of 54.3% taken in 2018. Compared to 2016, this indicator has increased by 7.1%. The dynamics of increasing pollution of water bodies is confirmed by the fact that in 2015 the quality of surface sources of drinking and domestic water supply did not meet the standards of 20.6% of the analyzed samples, which is 1.4% higher than in 2014. The current situation is partly explained by flood phenomena accompanied by surface runoff contamination of the water area, partly by peculiarities of hydrological and hydrochemical nature, partly by anthropogenic activities: operation of existing enterprises and commissioning of a number of industrial facilities: Tyumen Waste Incineration Plant, Antipinsky Oil Refinery, etc. It was noted that iron, silicon and ammonia in surface water sources exceeded MAC up to 5 times.
Ensuring the environmental safety of the Maliy Salgir river water ecosystem
Authors: Volkova N E , Zakharov R Y , Umerova L R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the course of human activities, most of the watercourses have turned into natural-technical systems. They must be considered as a whole and, based on this principle, environmental safety should be managed on them. Following a methodological approach based on the fact that the environmental safety level of water ecosystems is determined by their functioning which ensures the maintenance of a favorable environmental situation, technical safety of facilities hydraulically connected to the watercourse and responsible for observing the rights and interests of water users, will allow a comprehensive assessment of the actual situation on them. It is also appropriate to use it for development of a list of the best environmental and economic measures aimed at reducing the anthropogenic load on these water facilities. So, the measures proposed for the Maliy Salgir river water ecosystem (maintenance work on ponds and arrangement of centralized and decentralized water disposal systems in rural settlements Stroganovka, Denisovka, Ivanovka, Druzhnoye and Lazorevka) according to preliminary estimation will reduce the index characterizing the level of its environmental safety up to a value corresponding to the acceptable level of anthropogenic activities impact.
Macroeconomic aspects of maintenance optimization of critical key assets
Authors: Timashev S A , Bushinskaya A V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The main goal of maintenance is prevention, timely detection and elimination of failures and damage. From the point of view of critical infrastructures (CIs), the main purpose of their maintenance is to increase the safety of CIs and / or to ensure life safety. CIs should be optimal in terms of their purpose, cost, as a source of income and profit at all stages of their life cycle, and also acceptable in terms of possible loss of human lives or injuries. The paper considers the assessment of necessary optimal investments in maintenance (time interval between subsequent maintenance) for ensuring life safety, the so-called life saving costs. The problem of limiting the threat to human life is as follows: how much money is society ready and able to spend to reduce the likelihood of a premature death. A quantitative criterion of risk acceptance is used, in which the marginal life saving cost (MLSC) is compared with social willingness to pay. This value is determined using the life quality index.
Automated system for operational chemical and radiation monitoring of water areas of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation with flooded underwater potentially dangerous objects
Authors: Bolshagin A Yu , Vyalyshev A I , Stoyanov V V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Long-term operational control systems for pollution of the aquatic environment near potentially dangerous underwater objects in ice conditions in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are described. The systems are based on the use of bottom stations that measure the levels of radiation and chemical pollution of the aquatic environment and transmit monitoring information via satellite and (or) sonar communication channels. The information transmitting via the satellite communication channel is carried out by the direct ascent of the station itself, and in the case of ice cover, the transmission of information is carried out using a pop-up antenna unit capable of drilling ice. Transmission via the sonar communication channel is carried out between the stations and the receiving unit.
Assessing functions of human risk, reliability and error probability
Authors: Poluyan L V , Malukova M G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the problem of assessing human risk and reliability as well as a probability of a human error when applied to power systems. The research shows the effect of the human factor on the power system security; this effect is caused by poor (inadequate) maintenance due to human errors and a power system cascade failure. A need for making time-centered human reliability analysis is underlined. The problem is solved using the covariance analysis, i.e. mathematical statistics applied to research in the correlation between sets of independent categorical variables (factors) and independent quantitative variables (covariates). The introduction of covariates is intimated to enable evaluating their influence on the interaction of an independent variable and factors, and, in the course, the greater the influence coefficient for a factor is, the greater influence this factor has on human reliability and still more probable human errors are.
Health risk assessment of children’s population on the delivery of metals with drinking water
Authors: Tunakova Yu A , Galimova A R , Valiev V S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the work, we assessed the carcinogenic risk to the health of the child population when drinking tap water is consumed in the city based on the calculation of the risk to public health taking into account regional exposure factors. For this, a retrospective study of the quality indicators of drinking water in the city of Kazan at the final consumption point (houses and apartments) in the city was carried out. The calculation results showed that when using regional exposure factors that reflect the specific characteristics of the studied population, the carcinogenic risk values increase by 45%. The use of regional values of exposure factors, which are characteristic of a particular population, increases the accuracy and reliability of risk assessment. It was shown that the carcinogenic risk to health from drinking tap water by children 3-6 years old calculated by regional values of exposure factors in a number of zones exceeds the value recommended by WHO by more than 2 times, which requires the use of effective methods of purification of drinking water from ions that are carcinogenic potential.
Impact of earthworks on the atmosphere during the reconstruction and overhaul of trunk pipelines
Authors: Abramyan S G , Oganesyan O V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses adverse atmospheric impact of earthworks during reconstruction and overhaul of trunk lines. The review of the trunk line insulation replacement process under normal and complex conditions helped identify the number of excavating machines adversely affecting the environment when operated simultaneously,. The point is made that the calculation of adverse impact should be performed in at least two stages to, first, estimate noxious emissions of operating machines and mechanisms; and, second, quantify the amount of fine-dispersed dust from cutting off the fertile soil layer, extracting the old pipeline, excavating the trench, leveling the trench bottom and other earthworks. It is further noted that the diversity of work techniques and the use of multi-criteria factors hinder the estimation of the adverse atmospheric impact of earthworks, as the engineering process does not consider the meteorological and other related conditions. Therefore, a “construction blockchain technology” (CBC technology) comprising GIS data is required. The CBC technology identifies the construction technologies, machines, equipment, mechanisms, resources etc., as well as software products to select the optimum work techniques, technology and organization, including scheduling. Over-all, the integration of CBC and BIM technologies should underline environmental safety of construction works including, among others, earthworks.