bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic prediction of relapse in patients with acute leukemias after allogeneic transplantation: Joint model for minimal residual disease
Authors: Huang Aijie , Chen Qi , Fei Yang , Wang Ziwei , Ni Xiong , Gao Lei , Chen Li , Chen Jie , Zhang Weiping , Yang Jianmin , Wang Jianmin , Hu Xiaoxia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionRelapse remains the leading cause of treatment failure after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) in leukemia. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that minimal residual disease (MRD) before or after alloHSCT is prognostic of relapse risk. These MRD data were collected at specific checkpoints and could not dynamically predict the relapse risk after alloHSCT, which needs serial monitoring.MethodsIn the present study, we retrospectively analyzed MRD measured with multi‐parameter flow cytometry in 207 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (acute promyelocytic leukemia excluded), and 124 acute B lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. A three‐step method based on joint model was used to build a relapse risk prediction model.ResultsThe 3‐year overall survival and relapse‐free survival rates of the entire cohort were 67.1% ± 2.8% and 61.6% ± 2.8%, respectively. The model included disease status before alloHSCT, acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease, and serial MRD data. The time‐dependent receiver operating characteristics was used to evaluate the ability of the model. It fitted well with actual incidence of relapse. The serial MRD data collected after alloHSCT had better discrimination capabilities for recurrence prediction with the area under the curve from 0.67 to 0.91 (AML: 0.66‐0.89; ALL: 0.70‐0.96).ConclusionThe joint model was able to dynamically predict relapse‐free probability after alloHSCT, which would be a useful tool to provide important information to guide decision‐making in the clinic and facilitate the individualized therapy.
“Macaíba,” an emerging oil crop: Nutritional evaluation of the pulp and kernel fruits from semi‐arid and coastal zone of northeast Brazil
Authors: Barbosa da Silva Raquel , da Silva‐Júnior Edvaldo Vieira , Trigueiros Larissa Maria Barreto de Medeiros , Santos Rayza Helen Graciano dos , Aquino Jailane de Souza , Campos Ana Regina Nascimento , de Oliveira Antônio Fernando Morais 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany native species of the Brazilian flora are still little explored economically in the country. An example is Acrocomia intumescens, a palm tree that in recent studies has shown some industrial potential still unexplored. The present study evaluates the proximate composition, including minerals, and total carotenoid content of A. intumescens fruits from three different locations in Pernambuco State, north‐east Brazil, with distinct climatic characteristics. A. intumescens fruits showed that nutritional composition, mineral profile and total carotenoid content varied between fruit parts and between locations. A. intumescens pulp is rich in moisture (35.96%–40.97%), lipids (31.88%–43.22%), ashes (3.63%–4.95%) and total carotenoids (106.69–265.23 µg/g), while the kernel stands out for its high content of lipids (52.08%–56.67%) and proteins (16.49%–21.88%). The main A. intumescens minerals present in the pulp were K (max. 241 mg/100 g) and Mg (max. 153.38 mg/100 g), while P (max. 92.51 mg/100 g) predominated in the kernel. Multivariate analysis (PCA) indicates that location with higher rainfall and temperature produces fruits with higher macro‐ and micronutrient contents.
Sexual behaviour, STI knowledge and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) prevalence in an asymptomatic cohort in Ruhr‐area, Germany: PreYoungGo study
Authors: Skaletz‐Rorowski A. , Potthoff A. , Nambiar S. , Wach J. , Kayser A. , Kasper A. , Brockmeyer N.H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesSTIs present a significant threat to individual and public health, disproportionately affecting youth. The study aimed to evaluate (a) the prevalence of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections among youth using a rapid assay platform, (b) the participants' sexual behaviour and STI knowledge, (c) the utility of the rapid assay in reducing diagnosis‐to‐treatment time.MethodsIn this study, 272 subjects (14–31 years) were included between 12/2016 and 7/2018. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, sexual behaviour and STI knowledge. Prevalence of CT and NG infections were tested from oral, vaginal and anal swabs for women and oral, anal swabs and urine for men, using the Cepheid Xpert® CT/NG assay. Time intervals between (i) test to the time the patient were informed of the result (turn around time – TAT) and (ii) test to therapy initiation was documented.ResultsOf the 272 subjects (48.9% female, 48.9% male, undisclosed 2.2%), 56.6 % reported university education. 46.6% were men who have sex with men (MSM), and 47.4% of women and 63.1% of men had anal intercourse. 59.9% had previously been tested for HIV, while only 39.7% had for CT, 20.6% for NG. Among these asymptomatic youth 7.7% were positive for CT and 5.5% for NG. The localization of CT were 3.7% genital, 5.5% anal and 2.2% oral, while the corresponding localization of NG were 0.4%, 2.9%, 4.4% respectively. 91.8% of the participants were informed of a positive result within 24 h with a median TAT of 03:09 h. 73.3% initiated therapy within 24 h, with a median time from testing to therapy initiation being 06:50 h.ConclusionAsypmtomatic CT and NG infections are common and often not tested in persons at risk. The Cepheid Xpert® CT/NG assay is an effective strategy as it reduces STI diagnosis‐to‐treatment time to less than a day.
The effect of temperature on ability of Lepeophtheirus salmonis to infect and persist on Atlantic salmon
Authors: Dalvin Sussie , Are Hamre Lars , Skern‐Mauritzen Rasmus , Vågseth Tone , Stien Lars , Oppedal Frode , Bui Samantha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is an ecologically and economically important parasite of salmonid fish. Temperature is a strong influencer of biological processes in salmon lice, with development rate increased at higher temperatures. The successful attachment of lice onto a host is also predicted to be influenced by temperature; however, the correlation of temperature with parasite survival is unknown. This study describes the effects of temperature on infection success, and survival on the host during development to the adult stage. To accurately describe infection dynamics with varying temperatures, infection success was recorded on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) between 2 and 10°C. Infection success ranged from 20% to 50% and was strongly correlated with temperature, with the highest success at 10°C. Parasite loss was monitored during development at eight temperatures with high loss of lice at 3 and 24°C, whilst no loss was recorded in the temperature range from 6 to 21°C. Sea temperatures thus have large effects on the outcome of salmon louse infections and should be taken into account in the management and risk assessment of this parasite. Improving understanding of the infection dynamics of salmon lice will facilitate epidemiological modelling efforts and efficiency of pest management strategies.
Influence of voltage and distance on quality attributes of mixed fruit beverage during pulsed light treatment and kinetic modeling
Authors: Dhar Rishab , Chakraborty Snehasis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe study investigates the influence of pulsed light (PL) processing parameters on quality of mixed fruit beverage followed by kinetic modeling. The attributes tested were aerobic mesophiles (AM), yeast and mold (YM) counts, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity, color change (ΔE*), browning index (ΔBI), antioxidant capacity (AOC), and ascorbic acid (AA) content at varying voltage (1.8–2.4 kV), the number of pulses (2–187), and distance (2.4–9.6 cm). Weibull model described the PL inactivation rate of AM and YM and nth order kinetic model estimated the inactivate rate of PPO, POD, and AA. The maximum inactivation of PPO, POD, and AA content were 41, 51, and 36%, respectively. At the most severe PL condition, ΔE* was 6.4, ΔBI was 5.6 with 14% increment in phenolics. A secondary kinetic model adequately predicted the ratio of rate constant and fluence‐based rate (k/kF) for PPO, YM, and AA correlating voltage (V) and lamp distance (x). PL‐induced pasteurization of the beverage is possible at the fluence rate of 17.42 W/cm2 for 3 min.Practical ApplicationsExposing the food material to a high intensity pulsed light (PL) is a nonthermal way of food preservation for the shelf‐life extension. The potential of PL treatment (PLT) has been explored for a mixed fruit beverage in terms of its microbial, enzymatic, and nutritional quality. An optimized PLT condition is proposed to obtain a microbially safe fruit beverage along with a minimal loss in bioactive compounds. Subsequently, the kinetic data related to microbial and enzyme inactivation and degradation of vitamins will help in deciding the process parameters like treatment time, lamp voltage, and sample distance from the light source. The secondary kinetic model will eventually help to design a robust PL process condition for similar fruit beverages to obtain a microbiologically safe product with a minimal loss in vitamins.
Evidence of NAAG‐family tripeptide NAAG2 in the Drosophila nervous system
Authors: Kozik Emily M. , Marzluff Elaine M. , Lindgren Clark A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractN‐acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is a common neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system; however, it has never been reported in the nervous system of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Using antiserum against NAAG, we localized NAAG‐like immunoreactivity to neurons in the ventral nerve cord and to type Is glutamatergic nerve terminals in larval neuromuscular junctions. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), we failed to find NAAG but found the related peptide N‐acetylaspartylglutamylglutamate (NAAG2) in Drosophila CNS and body wall tissue. This is the first report of any NAAG‐family peptide in the nervous system of Drosophila and is also the first report of NAAG2 being present in a much higher concentration than NAAG in the nervous system of any species. Thus, the larval fruit fly presents an interesting model for the study of the functional role of NAAG2 of which very little is known—especially in the absence of an abundance of NAAG.
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A review of fatty acids influencing skin condition
Authors: Yang Manli , Zhou Mingyue , Song Liya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundFatty acids are common raw materials in cosmetics and also are an important component of skin surface lipids, and their composition and amount affect the skin condition.AimsThe purpose of this article was to review the results of basic research on fatty acids as skin surface lipids.MethodsAn extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases for articles on fatty acids from 1993 to 2020.ResultsThis article provides an overview of the mechanisms of fatty acid synthesis and its metabolic pathways as skin surface lipids in the context of sebaceous and intercellular lipids. The three mechanisms by which fatty acids affect the skin condition are also reviewed.ConclusionsThis information will aid further understanding of the mechanism of the fatty acid role in skin function maintenance and provide new perspectives for the management of skin health.
Alpha‐lipoic acid improves the reproduction performance of breeder hens during the late egg‐laying period
Authors: Dai Hongjian , Lv Zengpeng , Hu Chenhui , Shi Zhicheng , Wei Xihui , Jin Song , Yuan Yunwei , Yu Debing , Shi Fangxiong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlpha‐lipoic acid (ALA), a multifunctional antioxidant, can promote fatty acid mobilization, energy expenditure and scavenge free radicals. The effects of dietary ALA on the reproductive performance of breeder hens were investigated in the current study. In the 5‐week experiment, 180 54‐week‐old Qiling breeder hens were randomly divided into three treatments with five replicates and supplemented with three levels of ALA (0, 300 and 600 mg/kg) in the basic corn‐soya bean meal diets. 600 mg/kg ALA treatment group (HLA) significantly improved the eggshell thickness and strength (p < .05). ALA‐treated groups improved egg‐laying rate compared with the CON group, but with no statistically significant difference (p > .05). The levels of HDL‐C, ALB and estradiol (E2) of the serum in the HLA group were elevated compared with the CON group (p < .05). In addition, ALA (600 mg/kg) treatment exhibited a reduced level of serum AST and TG (p < .05). Dietary ALA increased the activity of hepatic lipase in liver (p < .05). Supplemental 600 mg/kg ALA also improved the SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity level, along with a decreased MDA in ovarian tissue (p < .05). Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of ESR1, ESR2, VTG2 and ApoB in the liver and FSHR in follicles were upregulated in the HLA group (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 600 mg/kg ALA during the late egg‐laying period could improve lipid metabolism and reproductive performance of breeder hens.
Integration of waking experience through dreams considered in light of individual differences in implicit learning ability
Authors: Wang JiaXi , Li XinQuan , He JingYu , Ma HuiYing , Bin Ting , Wan Jing , Feng XiaoLing , Zemmelman Steve , Shen HeYong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study explored whether individual differences in implicit learning were related to the incorporation of waking events into dreams. Participants (N = 60) took part in a sequence learning task, a measure of implicit learning ability. They were then asked to keep a record of their waking experiences (personally significant events [PSEs]/major concerns), as well as their nightly dreams for a week. Of these, the responses of 51 participants were suitable for further analysis in which participants themselves and three independent judges rated the correlation between waking events and dreams of the same day. Implicit learning ability was found to significantly correlate with the incorporation of PSEs into dreams. The present results may lend support to the Horton and Malinowski autobiographical memory (AM) model, which accounts for the activation of memories in dreams as a reflection of sleep‐dependent memory consolidation processes that focusses in particular on the hyperassociative nature of AM during sleep.
Terrestrial target and melting site of Libyan Desert Glass: New evidence from trace elements and Sr isotopes
Authors: Sighinolfi Giampaolo P. , Lugli Federico , Piccione Federica , Michele Vincenzo DE , Cipriani Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStrontium isotopes and selected trace elements (Rb, Sr, REE, Zr, Hf, Th, and U) were measured on samples of Libyan Desert Glass (LDG) and a series of terrestrial materials (rocks, LDG‐bearing soils, eolic sand) collected over a large area of southwestern Egypt to identify the LDG terrestrial parent material and the site where impact melting occurred. Samples include Upper Cretaceous hypersilicic sandstones outcropping at or near the LDG strewn field and Lower Cretaceous to Silurian sandstones from the Gilf Kebir Plateau highlands. Strontium isotopes and partially Zr, Hf, Th, and U, possibly reflecting the composition of detrital zircon grains, are effective indicators of the geochemical affinity between terrestrial materials and LDG, unlike Rb, Sr, and REE abundances. The best geochemical affinity with LDG was found in LDG‐bearing soils collected at the base of intradunal corridors in the Great Sand Sea. Remarkably, abundances of the Zr group elements of the LDG Zr‐bearing phase are distinct from all terrestrial detrital zircons from the area. We suggest a mixture of weathering products from sandstones of different ages, including Devonian and Silurian rocks from the Gilf Kebir highlands, as the most likely source for LDG. A loose sedimentary formation exposed 29 Ma ago at the Earth’s surface, superimposed over hard bedrock, might have been the true terrestrial target of the impact, but because of its incoherent nature, it was rapidly destroyed, explaining the complete absence of any evidence of an impact structure.
Molecular mechanisms controlling fructose‐specific memory and catabolite repression in lactose metabolism by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Zeng Lin , Burne Robert A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLactose is an abundant dietary carbohydrate metabolized by the dental pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Lactose metabolism presents both classic diauxic behaviors and long‐term memory, where the bacteria can pause for >11 h before initiating growth on lactose. Here, we explored mechanisms contributing to unusual aspects of regulation of the lac operon. The fructose‐phosphate metabolites, F‐1‐P and F‐6‐P, could modulate the DNA‐binding activities of the lactose repressor. Recombinant LacR proteins bound upstream of lacA and Gal‐6‐P induced the formation of different LacR‐DNA complexes. Deletion of lacR resulted in strain‐specific growth phenotypes on lactose, but also on a number of mono‐ and di‐saccharides that involve the glucose‐PTS or glucokinase in their catabolism. The phenotypes were consistent with the novel findings that loss of LacR altered glucose‐PTS activity and expression of the gene for glucokinase. CcpA was also shown to affect lactose metabolism in vivo and to bind to the lacA promoter region in vitro. Collectively, our study reveals complex molecular circuits controlling lactose metabolism in S. mutans, where LacR and CcpA integrate cellular and environmental cues to regulate metabolism of a variety of carbohydrates that are critical to persistence and pathogenicity of S. mutans.
The public health rationale for promoting plant protein as an important part of a sustainable and healthy diet
Authors: Lonnie M. , Johnstone A. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSustainable diets are proposed as a means to improve public health and food security and to reduce the impact of the food system on the environment. Guidance around sustainable diets includes a reduction of animal products in order to move towards a more plant‐based diet, meaning that plant‐originated foods are a predominant, but not the sole component of a diet. The main principles of a sustainable diet (as provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization) are to consume a variety of unprocessed or minimally processed foods, mainly as wholegrains, pulses, fruits and vegetables, with moderate amounts of eggs, dairy, poultry and fish and modest amounts of ruminant meat, which are consistent with the current UK healthy eating recommendations (e.g. Eatwell Guide). The aim of this review was twofold: (i) to discuss public health challenges associated with consumers’ knowledge regarding protein sustainability, healthier protein sources and protein requirements, and (ii) to review potential approaches to facilitate the shift towards a more sustainable diet. Consumers would benefit from receiving clear guidance around how much protein is needed to meet their daily requirements. The public health message directed to a consumer could highlight that desired health outcomes, such as muscle protein synthesis and weight control, can be achieved with both sources of protein (i.e. animal and plant‐based), and that what is more important is the nature of the ‘protein package’. Health promotion and education around the benefits of plant‐based protein could be one of the strategies encouraging the wider population to consider a shift towards a predominantly plant‐based diet.
Rising to the challenges: Solution‐based case studies highlighting innovation and evolution in reformulation
Authors: Poole J. , Bentley J. , Barraud L. , Samish I. , Dalkas G. , Matheson A. , Clegg P. , Euston S.R. , Kauffman Johnson J. , Haacke C. , Westphal L. , Molina Beato L. , Adams M. , Spiro A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver the last few years, food research and development have increasingly focused on reformulation, balancing desired dietary changes with environmental considerations and consumer acceptability. This article includes a selection of case studies, from across food industry sectors, which have responded to health and sustainability trends and challenges with creative solutions. These include innovative ingredients that may facilitate sugars and saturated fat reduction and increase the amount of fibre and healthy fats in products. The case studies, written by company personnel and academic researchers, illustrate the breadth of food and nutrition‐related initiatives that are currently being undertaken to help develop potentially healthier, more nutritious or more environmentally responsible foods for the future, whilst at the same time helping to satisfy consumer demand for cleaner labels. They were selected by the British Nutrition Foundation (BNF) as useful examples of ongoing innovation in this field. BNF also invited Jon Poole from the Institute of Food Science and Technology to describe some of the key challenges for reformulation and new product development.
Public health rationale for reducing sugar: Strategies and challenges
Authors: Stanner S. A. , Spiro A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe continuing global increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, particularly amongst children, attracts widespread public and political attention. Obesity is a complex condition, with multi‐faceted determinants, and prevention strategies require consideration of dietary and lifestyle patterns alongside a range of environmental factors. Reduction in intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages and foods is advised around the world as part of healthier dietary patterns to help reduce energy intakes, obesity risk and obesity‐related disorders. Current intakes indicate that this is challenging and will likely require a concerted approach with a broad range of interventions including fiscal measures. In recent years, after some notable success with salt and trans fats, there has been considerable focus on food reformulation to support the reduction in population intakes of free sugars from manufactured foods, often without need for consumer behaviour change. In some products, particularly sugar‐sweetened beverages, reformulation is relatively easy and has been widely achieved, as the sweetness of sugars can be replaced with low‐calorie sweeteners. However, other products, in which sugar delivers a variety of functional properties, are more challenging to reformulate to maintain consumer acceptance and achieve a reduction in energy, alongside sugar, content. This paper will look at current definitions and recommendations for free (or added) sugars, as well as key dietary sources and trends in intakes, and explore various strategies to promote population reductions in intake of sugars for public health, including the opportunities and challenges presented by reformulation using low‐calorie sweeteners. Ultimately strategies to promote sugar reduction, including reformulation, should adopt a holistic approach that considers wider dietary recommendations.