bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow and spawning habitat relationships for Dolly Varden: Understanding habitat–population dynamics in the Canadian Western Arctic
Authors: Mochnacz Neil J. , Ghamry Haitham K. , Enders Eva C. , Watkinson Douglas A. , Gallagher Colin P. , Reist James D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNorthern form Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma malma) have been designated as a species of Special Concern in Canada due to declines in population abundance and potential threats. Concern over detrimental effects of low flows on population abundance prompted research on how variability in discharge regimes influence habitat availability. Habitat suitability indices for prespawning and spawning adult anadromous Dolly Varden from two streams were integrated into a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic habitat model to assess the effect of flow variability on usable habitat. Regional hydrographs were used to identify an ecologically relevant range of flows that provided optimal spawning habitat for these populations and examine the relationship between abundance and discharge. Adults spawned in the tail end of pools at moderate water depths and water velocities, and used pebble‐ to cobble‐sized substrate for building redds; whereas, prespawning adults occupied deeper pools with moderate velocities and used cobble for cover. Model outputs showed that spawning habitat availability was optimized at flow rates between 1.6 and 3.0 m3/s and between 1.0 and 6.0 m3/s in Fish Hole Creek (FHC) and Little Fish Creek, respectively. A positive relationship between flows during the fall spawning period and abundance of the FHC population suggests that higher flows coinciding with optimal habitat availability may have contributed to positive recruitment. To strengthen and refine this habitat–population relationship for Dolly Varden in this area requires investigation of a broader suite of variables associated with environmental regimes and physical habitat in reaches used for spawning.
Tuning Thin Film Properties by Structural Modulations in Red Fluorescent Protein Chromophore Analogues
Authors: Singh Ashish , Gupta Raghav , Siddiqui Nazia , Kumar Iyer S. Sundar , Ramanathan Gurunath 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe study of the role of substituents present in molecules is extremely important for designing new functional materials. In the present study, we have designed and synthesized four analogues (AR1‐AR4) of the red fluorescence protein (rfp) chromophore by varying the substituents and have studied their thin film properties by fabricating opto‐electronic devices with them. Molecules AR1 and AR2 were designed with improved donor‐acceptor (D−A) properties. Molecule AR3 was synthesized with an increased vinyl conjugation and molecule AR4 had an extra fluorescent moiety in the conjugation. The orbital levels and optical energy gap were estimated theoretically by density function theory. The optical absorption in solution/thin films, quality of film formation and the electrical charge transport mobility in films were studied. Photovoltaic parameters of bulk heterojunction solar cell devices formed with the four molecules were then determined. Interestingly, molecule AR3 with the extra vinyl conjugation was found to be the best of the four molecules reported here for application in organic electronics. The extra vinyl conjugation improved the π‐π stacking and helps to form smoother films with increased optical absorption and a desirable hole mobility.
Computational Characterization of Perezone, Isoperezone and their Sulfur‐Derivatives: Anti‐inflammatory Activity.
Authors: Martínez Joel , Rodríguez Maricarmen Hernández , Escobedo‐González René , Nicolás‐Vázquez María Inés , Saavedra‐Leos Zenaida , Ruvalcaba René Miranda 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing DFT and in silico methods a theoretical study, to verify the spectroscopically characterization, this in addition to determine the anti‐inflammatory activity of a set of eight sulfur derivatives of perezone and isoperezone was performed. In this sense, conformational studies for the target sulfurs were carried out, in order to obtain the corresponding minimum energy structures. Also, the vibrational frequencies analysis, the magnitude of 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra for perezone, isoperezone, and its sulfur‐derivatives, obtained by the DFT/B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) method correlated satisfactorily with the experimental data. Moreover, the calculation of physicochemical properties, and the prediction of the anti‐inflammatory activity, employing both PASS predictor and docking studies towards COX‐2 for the target compounds, showed that Benzy perezone is a good candidate as a therapeutic agent; finally, the anti‐inflammatory activity of Benzy perezone was evaluated in vivo, showing a similar naproxen activity.
New Isoindole‐1,3‐dione Substituted Sulfonamides as Potent Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase and Acetylcholinesterase: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Gündoğdu Saliha , Türkeş Cüneyt , Arslan Mustafa , Demir Yeliz , Beydemir Şükrü 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHerein, a series of isoindole‐1,3‐dione substituted sulfonamide derivatives (3, 4 a–k) were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated, as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). CA and AChE inhibitory activities of newly synthesized isoindole‐1,3‐dione substituted sulfonamides compounds (3, 4 a–k) towards the hCA I, II, and AChE were evaluated utilizing the Verpoorte's and Ellman's assays and checked against that of standard inhibitors, acetazolamide (AAZ) and tacrine (TAC). The developed compounds (3, 4 a–k) showed the potent hCA isoenzyme inhibitory effect with Ki constants ranging from 7.96 to 48.34 nM, compared to AAZ (Kis; 436.20 nM for hCA I and 93.53 nM for hCA II). Among these derivatives; 1,3‐dioxo‐1,3‐dihydroisobenzofuran‐5‐carbocyclic acid (3) and benzyl‐1,3‐dioxo‐2‐(4‐sulfomophenyl)isoindoline‐5‐carboxylate (4 i) determined to be effective AChE inhibitors (Kis, 103.51 and 108.92 nM, respectively); these compounds were almost as potent to TAC (Ki, 109.75 nM). Furthermore, molecular docking studies of derivatives 3 and 4 i were carried out utilizing the crystal structures of hCA I (PDB Code: 4WR7), II (PDB Code: 4HT0) isozymes and AChE (PDB Code: 4EY7) receptors to study their binding interactions.
Formation, Stability and Self‐Assembly Behaviour of the Collagen‐Like Triple Helix Confirmation: The Role of Ser, Ala and Arg/Glu
Authors: Shu Feiyi , Dai Chun , Wang Haibo , Xu Chengzhi , Wie Benmei , Zhang Juntao , Xu Yuling , He Lang , Li Sheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe unique sequence of the α‐chain is the structural cornerstone of the collagen triple helix that dictates its conformation and molecular behavior. In this study, collagen‐like peptides of varying sequence characteristics were designed to elucidate the role of Ser (polar residues), Ala (non‐polar residues), and Arg/Glu (ionizable residues) in the formation, kinetics, and stability of the triple helix, and its self‐assembly behavior. We found that the introduction of other common amino acids in (Gly‐Hyp‐Pro)n results in varying degrees of decrease in the rate of formation and stability of the triple helix conformation and the self‐assembly into higher order structures. The introduction of Ser showed a maximal detrimental effect on these processes, followed by the Arg/Glu and Ala. Collagen‐like peptides with Ser could not form thermodynamically stable triple helix conformations and lost their ability to further self‐assemble. Arg/Glu promoted the self‐assembly of collagen‐like peptides, and electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding were key to the self‐assembly of periodic ordered structures similar to natural collagen. The hydrophobic interactions of Ala also accelerated self‐assembly to some extent, however, due to the lack of directionality of hydrophobic interactions, the formation of the long‐range ordered structure was affected negatively.
Decontamination of the Mustard Gas (HD) Simulant CEES by Using a Molybdate‐Based ILs/H2O2 System
Authors: Li Daxue , Xi Hailing , Wang Zhicheng , Wang Dayong , Li Zhanguo , Zhao Sanping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to the wide liquid range, good solubility, nonvolatility and designability, ionic liquids (ILs) have been considered as solvent in decontamination field and exhibited enormous potential. In this work, a series of 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium molybdate ([CnMIm]2MoO4, n=4, 8, 12, 16) ILs are synthesized and characterized, which could improve the decontamination efficacy of mustard gas simulant 2‐chloroethylethylsulfide (CEES) in H2O2 through solubilization and catalysis. The practicability of functional ILs surfactant aqueous solution in decontamination field are analyzed by considering the influence factors about the critical micelle concentration (CMC), oxidant/CEES mole ratio, types and concentration of ILs, reaction kinetics and reaction activation energy. The results indicate that the decontamination efficacy of CEES is affected by both the concentration of MoO42− and the CMC of ILs. The decontamination efficacy against CEES in the [CnMIm]2MoO4/H2O2 system is accelerated by lengthening ILs cationic alkyl chain.
From workplace mistreatment to job insecurity: The moderating effect of work centrality
Authors: Li Victoria , Jiang Lixin , Xu Xiaohong (Violet) 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough outcomes of job insecurity have been extensively examined, researchers have paid significantly less attention to antecedents of job insecurity. However, in order to lessen and eliminate job insecurity, a deeper understanding of the sources of job insecurity is required. Among triggers of job insecurity, very few studies have examined workplace interpersonal relationships as predictors of job insecurity. To fill this research gap, we examine the relation between workplace mistreatment (i.e., workplace incivility, bullying, and abusive supervision) and job insecurity. Examining multiple forms of mistreatment also allows us to compare and contrast the relative impact of each workplace mistreatment on job insecurity. Furthermore, we identify a group of individuals who are particularly vulnerable to the negative impact of workplace mistreatment—those who are high in work centrality. Across two lagged survey studies, we largely found that work centrality exacerbates the relations of workplace incivility, bullying, and abusive supervision with job insecurity. Thus, this research contributes to the occupational health literature by demonstrating the relative predictive power of multiple forms of workplace mistreatment on job insecurity and identifying a vulnerable group who might suffer more from workplace mistreatment (i.e., those high in work centrality).
Cellulose‐Based Microparticles for Magnetically Controlled Optical Modulation and Sensing
Authors: Hausmann Michael K. , Hauser Alina , Siqueira Gilberto , Libanori Rafael , Vehusheia Signe Lin , Schuerle Simone , Zimmermann Tanja , Studart André R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResponsive materials with birefringent optical properties have been exploited for the manipulation of light in several modern electronic devices. While electrical fields are often utilized to achieve optical modulation, magnetic stimuli may offer an enticing complementary approach for controlling and manipulating light remotely. Here, the synthesis and characterization of magnetically responsive birefringent microparticles with unusual magneto‐optical properties are reported. These functional microparticles are prepared via a microfluidic emulsification process, in which water‐based droplets are generated in a flow‐focusing device and stretched into anisotropic shapes before conversion into particles via photopolymerization. Birefringence properties are achieved by aligning cellulose nanocrystals within the microparticles during droplet stretching, whereas magnetic responsiveness results from the addition of superparamagnetic nanoparticles to the initial droplet template. When suspended in a fluid, the microparticles can be controllably manipulated via an external magnetic field to result in unique magneto‐optical coupling effects. Using a remotely actuated magnetic field coupled to a polarized optical microscope, these microparticles can be employed to convert magnetic into optical signals or to estimate the viscosity of the suspending fluid through magnetically driven microrheology.
3D‐Printed Scanning‐Probe Microscopes with Integrated Optical Actuation and Read‐Out
Authors: Dietrich Philipp‐Immanuel , Göring Gerald , Trappen Mareike , Blaicher Matthias , Freude Wolfgang , Schimmel Thomas , Hölscher Hendrik , Koos Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractScanning‐probe microscopy (SPM) is the method of choice for high‐resolution imaging of surfaces in science and industry. However, SPM systems are still considered as rather complex and costly scientific instruments, realized by delicate combinations of microscopic cantilevers, nanoscopic tips, and macroscopic read‐out units that require high‐precision alignment prior to use. This study introduces a concept of ultra‐compact SPM engines that combine cantilevers, tips, and a wide variety of actuator and read‐out elements into one single monolithic structure. The devices are fabricated by multiphoton laser lithography as it is a particularly flexible and accurate additive nanofabrication technique. The resulting SPM engines are operated by optical actuation and read‐out without manual alignment of individual components. The viability of the concept is demonstrated in a series of experiments that range from atomic‐force microscopy engines offering atomic step height resolution, their operation in fluids, and to 3D printed scanning near‐field optical microscopy. The presented approach is amenable to wafer‐scale mass fabrication of SPM arrays and capable to unlock a wide range of novel applications that are inaccessible by current approaches to build SPMs.
Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) root attenuates preneoplastic lesion development in a diet and thioacetamide‐induced model of steatohepatitis‐associated hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Romualdo Guilherme R. , Silva Elizangela dos Anjos , Da Silva Tereza C. , Aloia Thiago P. A. , Nogueira Marina S. , De Castro Inar A. , Vinken Mathieu , Barbisan Luís F. , Cogliati Bruno 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered growing risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma development in high‐income countries. Diet‐ and chemically induced rodent models have been applied for the translational study of NASH‐associated hepatocarcinogenesis due to their morphological and molecular similarities to the corresponding human disease. Arctium lappa L. (burdock) root tea has been extensively consumed in Traditional Chinese Medicine due to its potential therapeutic properties. Indeed, the bioactive compounds of A. lappa root, as the polyphenols, have already showed antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties in different in vivo and in vitro bioassays. In this study, we investigated whether burdock root ethanolic extract (BRE) administration attenuates NASH‐associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Eight‐week‐old male Wistar rats received choline‐deficient high‐fat diet for 8 weeks and multiple thioacetamide doses for 4 weeks in order to induce NASH and preneoplastic glutathione‐S‐transferase pi (GST‐P)+ preneoplastic foci. Subsequently, rats were treated with BRE (100 or 200 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle by oral gavage for 2 weeks. BRE displayed high levels of chlorogenic and caffeic acids and BRE administration reduced total fatty acid and lipid hydroperoxide levels, while increasing the activities of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes in the liver. Furthermore, burdock intervention diminished the size of GST‐P+ remodeling preneoplastic lesions (PNLs) and displayed a trend on reducing hepatocyte proliferation (Ki‐67) inside them. These findings suggest that short‐term exposure to BRE alleviated remodeling PNL development in NASH‐associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
Management of water resources over time in semiarid regions: The case of Gerasa/Jerash in Jordan
Authors: Lichtenberger Achim , Raja Rubina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article tackles ways in which archeological research can give perspectives on the development of water management and the strategies behind such management systems in ancient societies of historical periods. It focuses on the city Gerasa/Jerash in northern Jordan, which was one of the middle‐sized Decapolis cities that flourished from the Roman period (first century CE) until the end of the Umayyad period, when a devastating earthquake hit the city in 749 CE bringing urban life to an almost complete halt. Only in the middle Islamic period (13th century CE) the site was resettled. The article focuses on how scattered archeological evidence–which is usually not published by archeological projects due to its feeble nature—can bring new knowledge to light about the ways in which water was managed in urban contexts, in particular in semiarid regions, such as the region in which Gerasa was located. Pushing borders for how we can frame and interpret archeological evidence in wider diachronic perspectives is a necessity in archeology—not least in regions where archeology is under threat due to modern urban development and the general lack of resources to develop cultural heritage management plans.This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Methods
Human Water > Water Governance
Implementation of property‐level flood risk adaptation (PLFRA) measures: Choices and decisions
Authors: Attems Marie‐Sophie , Thaler Thomas , Genovese Elisabetta , Fuchs Sven 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHydrometeorological events are highly costly and have strong impacts on the human‐environment system. Effective response requires effective risk management concepts and strategies at individual and watershed level to increase community resilience. Focusing on flood risk and the information associated with it, individual risk behavior in the shape of implementing property‐level flood risk adaptation (PLFRA) measures is often overlooked. For this research, a comprehensive overview of possible PLFRA measures for homeowners in flood risk areas was made, as well as the possible costs and technical feasibility for new and existing buildings. To complement this, insights into risk mitigation behavior are essential due to the ongoing shift to risk‐based and individualized flood risk management, which require a contribution from flood‐prone households to risk reduction. Results show that PLFRA measures differentiate in their effectiveness, cost‐efficiency and technical feasibility, and full protection can never be guaranteed. Considering risk mitigation behavior, literature generally distinguishes between situational factors (such as communication and economic subsidies) and personal factors (such as personal and psychological components influencing individual behavior).This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Fast-rolling relaxion
Authors: Ibe Masahiro , Shoji Yutaro , Suzuki Motoo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We discuss new mechanisms to stop the relaxion field during inflation. They can be realized in a generic model, including the original model but in a quite different parameter region. We consider a fast-rolling relaxion field, which can go over the bumps created by QCD-like dynamics. Then, in one of the mechanisms, we stop it with a parametric resonance of the Higgs field. The mechanisms are free from a super-Planckian field excursion or a gigantic number of e-folds of inflation. The relaxion has a mass around the weak scale and mixes with the Higgs boson, which enhances the testability of our mechanisms.
A species or weak-gravity bound for large N gauge theories coupled to gravity
Authors: Kaplan Jared , Kundu Sandipan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Causality constrains the gravitational interactions of massive higher spin particles in both AdS and flat spacetime. We explore the extent to which these constraints apply to composite particles, explaining why they do not rule out macroscopic objects or hydrogen atoms. However, we find that they do apply to glueballs and mesons in confining large N gauge theories. Assuming such theories contain massive bound states of general spin, we find parametric bounds in (3 + 1) spacetime dimensions of the form $$ N\lesssim \frac{M_{Pl}}{\Lambda_{\mathrm{QCD}}} $$
N
≲

M
Pl

Λ
QCD

relating N, the QCD scale, and the Planck scale. We also argue that a stronger bound replacing ∧QCD with the UV cut-off scale may be derived from eikonal scattering in flat spacetime.
Scalar dark matter coannihilating with a coloured fermion
Authors: Biondini S. , Vogl S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We analyse the phenomenology of a simplified model for a real scalar dark matter candidate interacting with quarks via a coloured fermionic mediator. In the coannihilation regime, the dark matter abundance is controlled by the dynamics of the coloured fermions which can be significantly affected by non-perturbative effects. We employ a non-relativistic effective field theory approach which allows us to systematically treat the Sommerfeld effect and bound-state formation in the early Universe. The parameter space compatible with the dark matter relic abundance is confronted with direct, indirect and collider searches. A substantial part of the parameter space, with dark matter masses up to 18 TeV, is already excluded by XENON1T. Most of the remaining thermal relics can be probed by a future Darwin-like experiment, when taking properly into account the running of the relevant couplings for the direct detection processes.
Real Killing spinors in neutral signature
Authors: Gutowski J. , Sabra W.A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Spinorial geometry methods are used to classify solutions admitting Majorana Killing spinors of the minimal 4-dimensional supergravity in neutral signature, with van- ishing cosmological constant and a single Maxwell field strength. Two classes of solutions preserving the minimal amount of supersymmetry are found. The first class admits a null- K¨ahler structure and corresponds to a class of self-dual solutions found by Bryant. The second class admits a null and rotation-free geodesic congruence with respect to which a parallel frame can be chosen. Examples of solutions in the former class are pseudo-hyper- K¨ahler manifolds; and examples in the latter class include self-dual solutions, as well as a neutral-signature IWP-type solution.
The octagon as a determinant
Authors: Kostov Ivan , Petkova Valentina B. , Serban Didina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The computation of a certain class of four-point functions of heavily charged BPS operators boils down to the computation of a special form factor — the octagon. In this paper, which is an extended version of the short note [1], we derive a non-perturbative formula for the square of the octagon as the determinant of a semi-infinite skew-symmetric matrix. We show that perturbatively in the weak coupling limit the octagon is given by a determinant constructed from the polylogarithms evaluating ladder Feynman graphs. We also give a simple operator representation of the octagon in terms of a vacuum expectation value of massless free bosons or fermions living in the rapidity plane.