bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief: Using a Drilling Management System To Build a Learning Organization
Authors: Hanni Garry , Chambers Imren , Quay Walter 
Published: April 2020

Summary
A fundamental problem facing any drilling organization is learning. The geologic environment is never perfectly known, and the organization is never entirely certain of the best way to drill a particular well. This is especially true in areas where development wells do not number in the hundreds. This means that drilling organizations are faced with the challenge of learning how to apply technology better in a partially unknown environment. This paper describes a computer- based management system to make organizational learning a part of the way drilling teams do their everyday business. The system, the drilling management system (DMS), uses commonly available software on IBM-compatible PC's.

Fundamental Drilling Problem
This paper describes a software-assisted approach to implement the principles of learning organizations in drilling teams. This effort is supported by two basic points, either of which might suffice as justification. First, the U.K. government has mandated that operators be able to demonstrate an auditable trail for drilling operations by 1995. This means that the basis for every drilling decision must be known and recorded. Second, there are significant financial advantages for drilling organizations that can learn quickly. (Studies have shown that even good drilling organizations spend 10% to 25% of their budget on learning; poor organizations spend more.)
The purpose of the DMS is to address both issues by institutionalizing the features of "learning organization." A learning organization defines specific goals linked to its bottom line, remembers how decisions were made, accurately monitors performance, builds an accessible reservoir of experience, and uses this experience to adapt its practices to "do it better next time." The DMS institutionalizes these principles by making it easy for drilling team members to perform each of these functions as a part of their normal course of business.
Managing Remote Field Operations In The Cooper-Eromanga Basin, Australia (Chinese)
Authors: Taylor Neale F. 
Published: April 2020

The PDF file of this paper is in Chinese.

Abstract
The remote, desert location of the Cooper-Eromanga Basin in central Australia provides an ongoing challenge to maintain cost effective operations and development.
The uniqueness comes from the lack of regional infrastructure typical of similar, mature, remote, onshore operating provinces in the USA and Canada, the large scale and sparseness of the operations, and the harshness of the arid environment. It is hoped this paper will provide insights to operating in remote locations, including the inland basins of China.
Operating costs have been reduced in real terms and examples are given of the innovations and technologies being used to achieve continuous improvement. Benchmarking indicates lower costs to look-a-like areas in the USA/Canada; operating efficiencies offset the costs of additional infrastructure. The future will require additional cost reductions to avoid erosion of profitability due to declining oil volumes and increasing numbers of facilities.
The key to success is in recognising the need for change and challenging every aspect of the operation. Gains are likely to come from a myriad of small improvements rather than a few large gains.
WHERE IS IT?
The Cooper and Eromanga Basins are large overlying basins of Permian/Triassic and Jurassic ages; they are located in central Australia, as shown in Figure 1.
The landform is arid being on the edge of the Simpson Desert, flat with sand dunes and gibber plains, and subject to flooding from inland drainage. Nearest infrastructure is located 500 to 800 miles away at Adelaide, Brisbane and Sydney which provide the markets for produced gas.
Data Visualization Centers
Authors: Bowering Dale 
Published: April 2020

Published in Oil & Gas Executive Report, Volume 2, Number 2, 1999, pages 32-35.
Early December 1998, Veritas DGC Inc. unveiled its new, state-of-the-art Data Visualization Center in Houston. The center is designed to help Veritas' marine-data-library clients quickly evaluate massive amounts of 3D-seismic data in a collaborative environment, greatly decreasing the overall cost of processing and interpreting seismic images in critical deepwater Gulf of Mexico blocks.
Designed to be a true working environment for teams of geoscientists, the center allows multiple groups to work simultaneously in the main visualization theater and four satellite workrooms to solve complex interpretation problems through sophisticated manipulation of 3D volumes. The result is improved interpretation, with higher confidence, in a shorter time frame.

Deepwater Subsalt Plays Are the Driver
The driver behind the investment Veritas has made in the Data Visualization Center is the subsalt deepwater Gulf of Mexico plays that pose special processing and interpretation problems for geoscientists. The acoustic properties of salt tend to distort the seismic images of geologic structures that lie below or adjacent to the domes and sheets of salt found in the deep waters of the gulf. To derive the best possible images, a technique known as prestack depth migration should be applied to the data. However, this technique is extremely time-consuming and computing-intensive and, therefore, quite expensive. As recently as 3 years ago, an internal study suggested that, with the then current computing resources available, applying prestack depth migration to an average-sized 3D survey could take several years to compute.
Increases in processor speeds and improvements in supercomputing architecture have cut that time to months. Still, the cost in computing time alone makes application of this technique to proprietary data daunting for individual clients, not to mention the preparation and interpretation that also are required. These factors are complicated further by the fact that very few individuals have combined experience in prestack depth migration and subsalt interpretation.
The Economics of Deep Water
Authors: Colligan John 
Published: April 2020

Published in Oil & Gas Executive Report, Volume 2, Number 3, 1999, pages 36–42.
Deep water has been proclaimed the great new opportunity to stimulate new hydrocarbon growth. In what has been described as a feeding frenzy, many companies have paid high signature bonuses and accepted tough terms to join the new gold rush. In the last decade, the take up of deepwater acreage has been remarkable: most of the prospective deepwater acreage in depths of up to 5,000ft has already been leased, with significant areas extending to 11,500 ft. Most bids anticipated oil prices significantly higher than the levels of late 1998and early 1999, and the challenge is to make the plays profitable.
For deep water to be viable in today's world, the industry has to be looking to produce at unit technical costs generally no greater than U.S. $6/BOE. Is this realistic? History suggests that it might well be.
Over the past decade, deep water has established itself as a significant piece of the E&P business. The rapid advances in subsurface modeling/understanding and deep offshore technology have given the deepwater business a big impetus.
Conventional basins are maturing and the industry has spent a lot of effort on remote basins, such as the Arctic, with no existing infrastructure or markets or on technologically harsh environments, such as high-pressure/high-temperature reservoirs, but the results frequently have not met expectations. To replace produced reserves and secure future growth, the industry has focused attention more recently on deepwater acreage. The proving ground of the Gulf of Mexico contained the well-established infrastructure, the market and the mature service industry to encourage the deepwater pioneers, who were then emulated by others in more distant waters.
Defining deep water, for simplicity, as water deeper than 200 meters (650ft), some 3.2 million square kilometers of deepwater acreage was held underlease by some 240 companies by 1999, with 12 leading companies holding approximately one-third of this. The largest area of leased acreage is in Asia and, curiously enough, the smallest area is in the Gulf of Mexico.
Microscopic and submicroscopic Plasmodium infections in indigenous and non-indigenous communities in Colombia.
Authors: Montiel Jehidys , Zuluaga Lina M. , Aguirre Daniel C. , Segura Cesar , Tobon-Castaño Alberto , Vasquez Ana M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The indigenous population is considered a highly susceptible group to malaria because individuals usually live in areas with high exposure to Anopheles and poverty, and have limited access to health services. There is a great diversity of indigenous communities in Colombia living in malaria-endemic areas; however, the burden of infection in these populations has not been studied extensively. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium infections in indigenous and non-indigenous communities in two malaria-endemic areas in Colombia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in seven villages of Turbo and El Bagre municipalities; three of these villages were indigenous communities. Inhabitants of all ages willing to participate were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded as well as household information. The parasitological diagnosis was performed by microscopy and nested PCR. The prevalence of microscopy and submicroscopic infection was estimated. An adjusted GEE model was used to explore risk factors associated with the infection. Results Among 713 participants, 60.7% were from indigenous communities. Plasmodium spp. was detected in 30 subjects (4.2%, CI 95% 2.9-5.9); from those, 29 were in the indigenous population, 47% of infections were afebrile, and most of them submicroscopic (10/14). Microscopic and submicroscopic prevalence was 2.5% (CI 95% 1.6-3.9) and 1.7% (CI 95% 0.9-2.9), respectively. In El Bagre, all infections occurred in indigenous participants (3.9%, CI 95% 2.2-7.1), and 81% were submicroscopic. By contrast, in Turbo, the highest prevalence occurred in indigenous people (11.5%; CI 95%: 7.3-17.5), but 88.8% were microscopic. Living in an indigenous population increased the prevalence of infection compared with a non-indigenous population (PR 19.4; CI 95% 2.3-166.7). Conclusion There is a high proportion of Plasmodium infection in indigenous communities. A substantial proportion of asymptomatic and submicroscopic carriers were detected. The identification of these infections, not only in indigenous but also in the non-indigenous population, as well as their associated factors, could help to implement specific malaria strategies for each context.
Meta-analysis of serum and/or plasma D-dimer in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Li Cheng , Margaryan Donara , Ojeda-Thies Cristina , Perka Carsten , Trampuz Andrej 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic value of D-dimer in detecting periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods A systematic search and screening of relevant studies was performed in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) or keywords: “arthroplasty or joint prosthesis or joint replacement or periprosthetic joint or prosthetic joint”, “infection or infectious or infected”, and “D-dimer or serum D-dimer or plasma D-dimer or fibrin degradation products”. Data were subsequently analysed and processed using Meta-Disc. Results Seven studies with 1285 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70–0.79), 0.69 (95% CI: 0.66–0.72), 3.01 (95% CI: 1.84–4.93), 0.32 (95% CI: 0.19–0.53), and 10.20 (95% CI: 3.63–28.64), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that the use of serum D-dimer had better sensitivity and specificity than plasma D-dimer for the diagnosis of PJI . Conclusion Serum D-dimer was shown to have a better diagnostic value than plasma D-dimer for the diagnosis of PJI. Further research is required for clarification.
Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus in Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and its Impacts on Survival
Authors: Yin Min , Chen Aiping , Zhao Fei , Ji Xuechao , Li Chuan , Wang Guangning 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The cause of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC) is not elucidated. Viral infection may induce chronic inflammatory infection and play a role in the pathogenesis of cancers. Some viruses are considered to be oncomodulatory, modulating cellular pathways such as cell proliferation, tumor progression, vascular disease development, and immune evasion. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been detected in several types of cancers including ovarian cancer. However, the role of HCMV in ovarian carcinogenesis remains controversial.Objective: To investigate the potential role of HCMV infection in EOC, we evaluated the prevalence of HCMV proteins in EOC tissue and its impacts on patients’ survival.Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 66 patients with EOC and 30 patients with benign ovarian cystadenoma were studied. Specimens were analyzed for expression of HCMV immediate early protein (IE) and HCMV tegument protein (pp65) by immunohistochemistry. Results: HCMV-IE protein expression was detected in 82% of EOC and 36% of benign tumors; pp65 was detected in 97% of EOC and 63% of benign tumors. Extensive HCMV-IE protein expression was associated with higher stage of EOC. Reactivation of latent HCMV within the tumor at interval debulking surgery may be induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery. Extensive HCMV-IE expression was associated with shorter median overall survival than focal or negative expression (39 versus 41 months, P=0.03). Multivariate analysis indicated that HCMV-IE expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.034). Conclusions: This study demonstrate a high prevalence of HCMV proteins in tissue sections from patients with EOC. HCMV infection can be potential risk factor for EOC development. Extensive HCMV-IE expression indicated a poor prognosis. The relationship between HCMV and clinical outcomes highlight the need for further researches on the oncomodulatory role of HCMV in ovarian cancer.
Unlocking community capabilities for addressing social norms/practices: Behavioural change intervention study to improve birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women in rural Nigeria
Authors: Eze Irene Ifeyinwa , Mbachu Chinyere Ojiugo , Ossai Edmund Ndudi , Nweze Celestina Adaeze , Uneke Chigozie Jesse 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Maternal mortality is attributed to combination of contextual factors that cause delay in seeking care, leading to poor utilization of skilled health services. Community participation is one of the acknowledged strategies to improve health services utilization amongst the poor and rural communities. The study aimed at assessing the potentials of improving birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP/CR) using community-driven behavioural change intervention among pregnant women in rural Nigeria.

Methods

A pre-post intervention study was conducted from June 2018 to October 2019 on 158 pregnant women selected through multi-stage sampling technique from 10 villages. Data on knowledge and practices of birth preparedness and utilization of facility health services were collected through interviewer-administered pre-tested structured questionnaire. Behavioural change intervention comprising of stakeholders’ engagement, health education, facilitation of emergency transport and fund saving system, and distribution of educational leaflets/posters were delivered by twenty trained volunteer community health workers. The intervention activities focused on sensitization on danger signs of pregnancy, birth preparedness and complication readiness practices and emergency response. Means, standard deviations, and percentages were calculated for descriptive statistics; and T-test and Chi square statistical tests were carried out to determine associations between variables. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05

Results

The result showed that after the intervention, mean knowledge score of danger signs of pregnancy increased by 0.37 from baseline value of 3.94 (p < 0.001), and BP/CR elements increased by 0.27 from baseline value of 4.00 (p < 0.001). Mean score for BP/CR practices increased significantly by 0.22 for saving money. The proportion that attended ANC (76.6%) and had facility delivery (60.0%) increased significantly by 8.2% and 8.3% respectively. Participation in Community-related BP/CR activities increased by 11.6% (p = 0.012).

Conclusion

With the improvements recorded in the community-participatory intervention, birth preparedness and complication readiness should be promoted through community, household and male-partner inclusive strategies. Further evaluation will be required to ascertain the sustainability and impact of the programme.
A neglected problem in the utilization of free anterolateral thigh flap towards reconstructing complicated wounds of extremities: the obliteration of deep dead space
Authors: Ren Gao-hong , Xiang Dayong , Wu Xiaohu , Chen Yunbiao , Li Runguang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective To investigate the clinical application of chimeric anterolateral thigh perforator flap in the treatment of complex wounds complicated with deep dead space of the extremities. Methods From January 2014 to December 2018, 56 cases (38 males and 18 females) with wounds complicated with deep dead space received treatment of chimeric anterolateral thigh perforator flap. The average age was 33.4 years, ranged from 3 to 72 years. Causes of injury: 34 cases of vehicle or motorcycle bruise injuries, 12 cases of falling related injuries, and 10 cases of heavy objects crush injuries. All of these patients were experiencing severe limb injuries accompanied with varying levels of tissue necrosis, tissue infection and deep tissue exposure. Residual deep dead space was observed after debridement, including 41 cases of dead space caused by tendon and muscle exposure, 29 cases formed by bone and joint exposure, as well as 5 cases induced by exposure of internal fixators such as plates. The wound sized were from 8 cm×6 cm to 30 cm×15 cm. Forty-one cases were complicated with the ipsilateral fractures, and 21 cases were complicated with fractures in other bone parts or systematic injuries. Following thorough debridement and treatment with vacuum sealing drainage, the granulation tissues of the wound surface grew well with well-controlled infection, and then we used the chimeric anterolateral thigh perforator flap to obliterate the deep dead space and repair the wounds. The postoperative flap survival and infection condition were evaluated.Results Among 56 patients, 2 cases developed vascular crisis, which was alleviated with timely vascular exploration. One case had excessive bleeding after flap grafting, which was resolved with surgical exploration. Three patients experienced partial necrosis of the flaps, leaving residual local wound, which were completely eliminated by secondary skin grafting in one case and by proactive dressing changes in the other 2 cases. Overall, the infection was effectively controlled, without persistent exudation or sinus tract formation after wound healing. While 5 cases lost to follow-up, the remaining 51 patients were followed up until 15 months, ranged from 9-24 months. Generally, the affected extremities recovered satisfactorily with normal appearances and texture of the flaps, along with normal functions. Importantly, no recurrence of infection was observed.Conclusion During the grafting of chimeric perforator flap pedicled with descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery and lateral thigh muscle flap, the muscle flap is recommended to obliterate the deep dead space while the skin flap being used to cover the wound surface. The combination of these two methods performed well in the repair and reconstruction of the complex wounds of the extremities, possessing potential for broader clinical application.
Catheter Ablation or Surgical Therapy in Moderate-Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation Caused by Long-standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Wang Jiangang , Li Songnan , Ye Qing , Ma Xiaolong , Zhao Yichen , Han Jie , Li Yan , Zheng Shuai , Meng Xu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background This study aimed to describe the mid-term outcomes of different treatments in patients with atrial fibrillation caused tricuspid regurgitation. Methods A retrospective study of patients diagnosed as atrial fibrillation caused moderate-severe tricuspid regurgitation undergoing ablation (n = 411) were reviewed. The surgical cohort (n = 114) underwent surgical ablation and tricuspid valve repair; the catheter cohort (n = 279) was selected from those patients who had catheter ablation. Results The estimated actuarial 5-year survival rates were 96.8% (95% CI: 92.95-97.78) and 92.0% (95% CI: 85.26-95.78) in the catheter and surgical cohort, respectively. Tethering height was showed as independent risk factors for recurrent atrial fibrillation and tricuspid regurgitation in both cohorts. A matched group analysis using propensity-matched was conducted after categorizing total patients by tethering height < 6mm and >= 6mm. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed in patients with tethering height < 6mm, there were no differences in survival from mortality, stroke, recurrent atrial fibrillation and tricuspid regurgitation between two groups. In patients with tethering height >= 6mm, there were significantly higher cumulative incidence of stroke (95% CI, 0.047–0.849; P = 0.029), recurrent atrial fibrillation (95% CI, 0.357–09738; P = 0.039) and tricuspid regurgitation (95% CI, 0.359–0.981; P = 0.042) in catheter group. Conclusions Atrial fibrillation caused tricuspid regurgitation resulted in less leaflets coaptation, which risk the recurrence of atrial fibrillation and tricuspid regurgitation. Patients whose tethering height was less than 6mm showed satisfying improvement in tricuspid regurgitation with the restoration of sinus rhythm after catheter ablation. However, in patients with severe leaflets tethering, the results favored surgical over catheter.