bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exclusion of interspecific competition reduces scatter‐hoarding of Siberian chipmunk Tamias sibiricus: A field study
Authors: DENG Yinhua , JU Mengyao , YI Xianfeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough food availability and the abundance of seed predators have been postulated to affect seed dispersal, it is not clear how seed‐eating animals modify their scatter‐hoarding strategies in response to different levels of interspecific competition. We placed paired germinated and ungerminated acorns of Quercus mongolica on 30‐cm high platforms to exclude potential interspecific competition of the predominant larder hoarders Apodemus peninsulae and Myodes rufocanus, to investigate seed dispersal by a predominant scatter‐hoarder, Tamias sibiricus, in the field in north‐eastern China. Our results showed that T. sibiricus ate more acorns in situ in the absence of interspecific competition. In the presence of interspecific competition of A. peninsulae and C. rufocanus, however, more acorns were scatter‐hoarded by T. sibiricus. Regardless of interspecific competition, germination of acorns showed no significant effects on seed dispersal patterns, inconsistent with the “seed perishability hypothesis” that animals avoid hoarding seeds with high perishability. Exclusion of interspecific competition, though relatively increasing the per capita seed abundance, appears to reduce seed dispersal, scatter‐hoarding and seedling establishment. Therefore, we propose that moderate interspecific competition rather than competition exclusion may benefit seed scatter‐hoarding and seedling establishment.
Combined treatment and prevention strategies for hepatitis C virus elimination in the prisons in New South Wales: a modelling study
Authors: Bretaña Neil A. , Gray Richard R. , Cunningham Evan B. , Betz‐Stablein Brigid , Ribeiro Ruy , Graw Frederik , Luciani Fabio , Lloyd Andrew R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsAustralia is currently on track to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) global hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination goals by 2030, reflecting universal subsidized access to testing and direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment. In New South Wales, DAA treatment in prisons has scaled‐up substantially, with 1000 prisoners treated in 2017. However, HCV prevalence and incidence in this setting is high, which could undermine elimination efforts. This study aimed to test the preventative effects of DAA treatment scale‐up, opiate substitution treatment (OST) and needle and syringe programme (NSP) strategies for prisons.DesignModelling study using an individual‐based mathematical model of a typical prison setting. The model was calibrated against Australian epidemiological data sets and executed in‐prison events for each individual daily, including movements between prisons, changes in risk behaviour and uptake of prevention measures such as OST and NSP, as well as DAA treatment. Scenarios were projected from 2018 to 2030.SettingNew South Wales prisons.ParticipantsNew South Wales prisoners.MeasurementsVariables including prison populations, prevalence and incidence rate were calculated. Prisoners were described by demographic characteristics, HCV infection history, risk behaviours and accessing treatment and prevention measures in varied security settings.FindingsIncreasing the number of prisoners treated for HCV to 2000 annually was projected to reduce the HCV incidence rate to 8.69 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.17, 9.20] per 100 person‐years (100 p.y.). Combined treatment and prevention strategies were necessary to reduce the projected incidence rate to 5.22 (95% CI = 5.13, 5.52) per 100 p.y. Considering the expected reductions in the prevalence of chronic HCV in the Australian community, incidence rate was predicted to drop to 0.93 (95% CI = 0.92, 0.98) per 100 p.y. by 2030.ConclusionsThis model, which simulates prison scenarios to inform Australia's national hepatitis C virus elimination efforts, suggests that continued direct‐acting antiviral (coverage in the community combined with a moderate increase of direct‐acting antiviral treatments in prisons, and introduction of improved harm reduction via opiate substitution treatment and/or needle and syringe programmes, makes hepatitis C virus elimination feasible in Australian prisons.
An association analysis for 14 candidate genes mapping to meat quality quantitative trait loci in a Duroc pig population reveals that the ATP1A2 genotype is highly associated with muscle electric conductivity
Authors: Mármol‐Sánchez E. , Quintanilla R. , Jordana J. , Amills M. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn previous GWAS carried out in a Duroc commercial line (Lipgen population), we detected on pig chromosomes 3, 4 and 14 several QTL for gluteus medius muscle redness (GM a*), electric conductivity in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LD CE) and vaccenic acid content in the LD muscle (LD C18:1 n − 7), respectively. We have genotyped, in the Lipgen population, 19 SNPs mapping to 14 genes located within these QTL. Subsequently, association analyses have been performed. After correction for multiple testing, two SNPs in the TGFBRAP1 (rs321173745) and SELENOI (rs330820437) genes were associated with GM a*, whereas ACADSB (rs81449951) and GPR26 (rs343087568) genotypes displayed significant associations with LD vaccenic content. Moreover, the polymorphisms located at the ATP1A2 (rs344748241), ATP8B2 (rs81382410) and CREB3L4 (rs321278469 and rs330133789) genes showed significant associations with LD CE. We made a second round of association analyses including the SNPs mentioned above as well as other SNPs located in the chromosomes to which they map. After performing a correction for multiple testing, the only association that remained significant at the chromosome‐wide level was that between the ATP1A2 genotype and LD CE. From a functional point of view, this association is meaningful because this locus encodes a subunit of the Na+/K+‐ATPase responsible for maintaining an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane.
The pre‐ and post‐authorisation data published by the European medicines agency on the use of biologics during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Ghalandari N. , Dolhain R.J.E.M. , Hazes J.M.W. , Siezen C.L.E. , van der Laan J.W. , Crijns H.J.M.J. , van Puijenbroek E.P. , van der Woude C.J. 
Published: October 2019

AimsThe effects of biologics on reproduction/lactation are mostly unknown although many patients that receive biologics are women of reproductive age. The first objective of this study was to investigate the publicly available data on pregnancy/lactation before and after marketing authorization in Europe of biologics for the indications of rheumatologic inflammatory autoimmune diseases and inflammatory bowel disease. Secondary objectives included the assessment of the clinical relevance of the provided data and comparison of initial and post‐authorization data.MethodsInitial and post‐authorization data were extracted from the European Public Assessment Reports and the latest versions of Summary of Product Characteristics using publicly available documents on the European Medicines Agency's website. Four sections were categorized regarding pregnancy outcomes: pre‐clinical/animal studies, human female fertility, pregnancy‐related outcomes and congenital malformations in the human fetus. Three sections were categorized regarding lactation outcomes: pre‐clinical/animal studies, excretion in human breast milk and absorption in children through breastfeeding. The clinical applicability of each category was scored by specified criteria, based on scientific literature, and further as defined by the authors.ResultsFor the 16 included biologics, post‐authorization data were delivered only for adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept and infliximab. For the 12 remaining biologics limited data on pregnancy and lactation during the post‐marketing period of 2–21 years were available.ConclusionsIn this article several suggestions are provided for improving a multidisciplinary approach to these issues. The initiation of suitable registries by marketing authorization holders and data transparency for clinicians and academics are highly endorsed.
Bayesian design of biosimilars clinical programs involving multiple therapeutic indications
Authors: Psioda Matthew A. , Hu Kuolung , Zhang Yang , Pan Jean , Ibrahim Joseph G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a Bayesian design framework for a biosimilars clinical program that entails conducting concurrent trials in multiple therapeutic indications to establish equivalent efficacy for a proposed biologic compared to a reference biologic in each indication to support approval of the proposed biologic as a biosimilar. Our method facilitates information borrowing across indications through the use of a multivariate normal correlated parameter prior (CPP), which is constructed from easily interpretable hyperparameters that represent direct statements about the equivalence hypotheses to be tested. The CPP accommodates different endpoints and data types across indications (eg, binary and continuous) and can, therefore, be used in a wide context of models without having to modify the data (eg, rescaling) to provide reasonable information‐borrowing properties. We illustrate how one can evaluate the design using Bayesian versions of the type I error rate and power with the objective of determining the sample size required for each indication such that the design has high power to demonstrate equivalent efficacy in each indication, reasonably high power to demonstrate equivalent efficacy simultaneously in all indications (ie, globally), and reasonable type I error control from a Bayesian perspective. We illustrate the method with several examples, including designing biosimilars trials for follicular lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis using binary and continuous endpoints, respectively.
Early Maternal Sensitivity and Teacher–Student Relationship Quality Across Grade School: Enduring or Transient Associations?
Authors: Magro Sophia W. , Fraley R. Chris , Roisman Glenn I. 
Published: October 2019

Although teacher–student relationships are assumed to in part reflect early caregiving quality, their social provisions also undergo notable normative change over the course of primary school, shifting from a secure base for social exploration to an instrumental relationship centered on achieving academic goals. This report leveraged prospective, longitudinal data from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,306, 52% male, 77% White/non‐Hispanic) to investigate whether the association between early caregiving and subsequent teacher–student relationship quality remains stable or diminishes in magnitude over time. Associations between early maternal sensitivity and teacher–student closeness faded from Kindergarten to Grade 6. In contrast, associations between early caregiving and teacher–student conflict endured and were partially accounted for by child externalizing problems.
Eosinophile Hautkrankheiten
Authors: Peckruhn Melanie , Elsner Peter , Tittelbach Jörg 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungEosinophile Dermatosen sind eine heterogene Gruppe von Krankheiten, die sich durch ein eosinophilenreiches Infiltrat und/oder die Degranulation von eosinophilen Granulozyten auszeichnen. Begleitend kann eine Bluteosinophilie nachweisbar sein. Histologisch sind sogenannte flame figures typisch, jedoch nicht spezifisch. Flame figures entstehen durch die Anlagerung der von Eosinophilen degranulierten kationischen Proteine an Kollagen und führen zu dessen Denaturierung.Zu den „klassischen“ eosinophilen Dermatosen, bei denen überwiegend die eosinophile Entzündung die Klinik und das histologische Bild bestimmen, zählen die eosinophile Zellulitis (Wells‐Syndrom), das Granuloma eosinophilicum faciei, die eosinophile Fasziitis (Shulman‐Syndrom) und die eosinophile Follikulitis Ofuji. Daneben gibt es eine Vielzahl von Hautkrankheiten, bei denen in wechselnder Ausprägung ein relevantes eosinophiles Infiltrat nachweisbar ist. Zu diesen zählen unter anderem atopische Dermatitis, bullöses Pemphigoid, Urtikaria, allergisches Kontaktekzem, Prurigo, Iktusreaktion, parasitäre Infestationen und Medikamentenallergien. Obwohl diese Erkrankungen eine Gewebseosinophilie als gemeinsames Merkmal aufweisen, unterscheiden sie sich teilweise stark in ihrem klinischen Bild.
Distal technology interventions in people with diabetes: an umbrella review of multiple health outcomes
Authors: Chakranon P. , Lai Y. K. , Tang Y. W. , Choudhary P. , Khunti K. , Lee S. W. H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo summarize and evaluate the existing evidence on the effectiveness of distal technology with regard to multiple health outcomes in people with diabetes.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from database inception to 31 August 2018 for systematic reviews and/or meta‐analyses of studies that examined the impact of distal technology and reported any clinical or patient‐related outcomes among people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.ResultsThe umbrella review identified 95 reviews, including 162 meta‐analyses with 46 unique outcomes. Evidence from meta‐analyses of randomized controlled studies supports the use of distal technology, especially telehealth and mHealth (healthcare delivered by mobile technology), in people with diabetes for improving HbA1c values by 2–4 mmol/mol (0.2–0.4%). For other health outcomes, such as changes in fasting plasma glucose levels, risk of diabetic ketoacidosis or frequency of severe hypoglycaemia, the evidence was weaker. No evidence was reported for most patient‐reported outcomes including quality of life, self‐efficacy and medication‐taking. The evidence base was poor, with most studies rated as low to very low quality.ConclusionDistal technologies were associated with a modest improvement in glycaemic control, but it was unclear if they improved major clinical outcomes or were cost‐effective in people with diabetes. More robust research to improve wider outcomes in people with diabetes is needed before such technologies can be recommended as part of routine care for any patient group.
Informing CITES Parties: Strengthening science‐based decision‐making when listing marine species
Authors: Friedman Kim , Braccini Matias , Bjerregaard‐Walsh Matthew , Bonfil Ramón , Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Brouwer Stephen , Campbell Ian , Coelho Rui , Cortés Enric , Dimmlich Wetjens , Frisk Michael G. , Kingma Irene , McCully Phillips Sophy R. , O'Criodain Colman , Parker Denham , Shephard Samuel , Tovar‐Ávila Javier , Yokawa Kotaro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInternational trade in vulnerable marine species is regulated once they are listed in CITES Appendices (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). Parties to the Convention submit proposal(s) 150 days prior to the CITES Conference for voting on the inclusion of new species in Appendices I and II, making a case for why CITES listing criteria are met in each case. Before the vote, Parties receive advice from (a) the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (b) the International Union for Conservation of Nature—TRAFFIC and (c) the CITES Secretariat, among others. This paper offers an expert review of listing processes, which are the subject of much debate in fishery and environment‐protection communities, looking at two specific cases: silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis, Carcharhinidae) and bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus, Alopiidae). The reviewers determine that the evidence made available to voting Parties is substantial, but suffers from non‐standard presentation across assessments. The best available data are not always presented or described transparently in relation to CITES criteria. An extension of the assessment period, as well as the opportunity to refute evidence, has been suggested as ways to support more informed and effective decision‐making by CITES Parties, whose composition of delegations varies greatly in their experience of marine species management and trade. Experts welcomed a greater coherence of advice between fishery and non‐fishery sources in the long term, and proposed a range of suggested improvements for the delivery of information and advice to CITES Parties.
Backing the Blue: Trauma in Law Enforcement Spouses and Couples
Authors: Landers Ashley L. , Dimitropoulos Gina , Mendenhall Tai J. , Kennedy Alison , Zemanek Lindsey 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the lived experiences of secondary trauma among partners of law enforcement professionals (LEPs).BackgroundStress is a common occurrence for LEPs. Although research suggests that LEPs are directly affected by trauma exposure, few studies focus on the secondary trauma of partners or spouses of LEPs.MethodUtilizing transcendental phenomenological inquiry, in‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of eight spouses of law enforcement recruited from community groups and police departments.ResultsThe results revealed three overarching themes of how participants experienced being partnered with an LEP: (a) types of trauma exposure, (b) the ripple impact of trauma, and (c) strength of couples and how they cope with trauma.ConclusionFindings suggest that spouses are both affected by trauma and serve a supportive role to LEPs following trauma exposure. Because secondary trauma can exacerbate existing difficulties in communication and emotional intimacy within couples' relationships, a greater understanding of the impact of trauma on law enforcement couples may lead to greater resources to help support couples wherein one individual is directly exposed to work‐related trauma.ImplicationsFamily professionals should promote healthy responses and coping among law enforcement couples following exposure to traumatic events.
Autoimmune blistering diseases provoked during the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease with biologic agents: a systematic review
Authors: Gibson Frederick T. , Amber Kyle T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the clinical course of autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) following treatment with biologic agents (BAs) for chronic inflammatory diseases.MethodsA comprehensive review of available, published literature was performed using PubMed and CINAHL search engines. Diagnostic criteria of AIBD included positive direct immunofluorescence studies and/or positive serology with clinically suggestive features.ResultsA total of 22 cases of AIBDs provoked by the use of BAs were found. The most commonly implicated agents were tumor necrosis factor‐alpha inhibitors (n = 14). The mean age of onset of AIBD was 59.4 years (median 61.5 years, range 31–82). Average time to onset of AIBD following initiation of the suspected BA was 33.7 ± 43.8 weeks (range 3 days to 152 weeks). Psoriasis was the most common associated condition for which the BA was prescribed (n = 11), followed by rheumatoid arthritis (n = 6) and ulcerative colitis (n = 5). Of the 21 cases reporting AIBD outcome, 17 reported remission or complete resolution upon stopping treatment with the involved BA. Four cases reported continued bullae formation without worsening of disease following cessation of the BA or systemic corticosteroids used to treat the AIBD. Five cases rechallenged the patient with the involved BA and four of the five reported recurrence, often with quicker onset and more severe symptoms.ConclusionsBAs may be suspected in patients developing AIBD while being treated for chronic inflammatory diseases. A majority of cases resolve upon cessation of the offending agent.
Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS): systematic review and adjusted meta‐analysis
Authors: Phan Kevin , Tatian Artiene , Woods Jane , Cains Geoffrey , Frew John W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral case reports and case series have recently explored the association between hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).ObjectiveWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of case‐control studies to determine (i) the pooled prevalence of IBD in HS cohorts, and (ii) whether HS is more strongly associated with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.MethodsElectronic searches were performed using five databases, from their inception to August 2018. Case‐control studies reporting the proportion of IBD cases in HS cohorts were included and meta‐analysis performed.ResultsFrom six included studies, a significant association between HS and IBD after pooling of adjusted effect sizes was identified (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.62–2.77; P = 0.03). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significant association between HS and Crohn’s disease (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.52–3.32; P < 0.0001, I2 = 92%) and with ulcerative colitis (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.26–1.94; P < 0.0001; I2 = 36%).LimitationsStudies reviewed were observational by design which are susceptible to bias and lack of randomization.ConclusionsOur results indicate a statistically significant association between HS and IBD. Our results highlight that all patients with HS should be clinically screened for symptoms of IBD and symptomatic patients referred for further investigations.
The impact of lung microbiota dysbiosis on inflammation
Authors: Yang Daping , Xing Yingying , Song Xinyang , Qian Youcun 
Published: October 2019

SummaryHost−microbiota interaction plays fundamental roles in the homeostasis of mucosal immunity. Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota has been demonstrated to participate in various immune responses and many multifactorial diseases. Study of intestinal microbiota has moved beyond the consequences of dysbiosis to the causal microbiota associated with diseases. However, studies of pulmonary microbiota and its dysbiosis are still in their infancy. Improvement of culture‐dependent and ‐independent techniques has facilitated our understanding of lung microbiota that not only exists in healthy lung tissue but also exerts great impact on immune responses under both physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we summarize recent progresses of lung microbiota dysbiosis and its impact on the local immune system that determines the balance of tolerance and inflammation. We discuss the causal roles of pulmonary dysbiosis under disease settings, and propose that the interaction between lung microbiota and host is critical for establishing the immune homeostasis in lung.
Self‐reactivity on a spectrum: A sliding scale of peripheral B cell tolerance
Authors: Tan Corey , Noviski Mark , Huizar John , Zikherman Julie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEfficient mechanisms of central tolerance, including receptor editing and deletion, prevent highly self‐reactive B cell receptors (BCRs) from populating the periphery. Despite this, modest self‐reactivity persists in (and may even be actively selected into) the mature B cell repertoire. In this review, we discuss new insights into mechanisms of peripheral B cell tolerance that restrain mature B cells from mounting inappropriate responses to endogenous antigens, and place recent work into historical context. In particular, we discuss new findings that have arisen from application of a novel in vivo reporter of BCR signaling, Nur77‐eGFP, expression of which scales with the degree of self‐reactivity in both monoclonal and polyclonal B cell repertoires. We discuss new and historical evidence that self‐reactivity is not just tolerated, but actively selected into the peripheral repertoire. We review recent progress in understanding how dual expression of the IgM and IgD BCR isotypes on mature naive follicular B cells tunes responsiveness to endogenous antigen recognition, and discuss how this may be integrated with other features of clonal anergy. Finally, we discuss how expression of Nur77 itself couples chronic antigen stimulation with B cell tolerance.