bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single and Multiple Error Detection and Correction using Redundant Residue Number System for Cryptographic and Stenographic Schemes
Authors: Agbedemnab Peter Awon-natemi , Baagyere Edward Yellakuor , Daabo Mohammed Ibrahim 
Published: January 2020

The possibility of errors being propagated during the encoding process of cryptographic and steganographic schemes is real due to the introduction of noise by ciphering the data from stage to stage. This real possibility therefore requires that an efficient scheme is proposed such that if after the decoding process the accurate information is not discovered, then it can be employed to detect and correct any errors in the system. The Residue Number System (RNS) by its nature is fault tolerant since an error in one digit position does not affect other digit positions; but the Redundant Residue Number System (RRNS) had been used over the years to effectively detect and correct errors. In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme that can detect and correct both single and multiple errors after and/or during computation and/or transmission provided the redundant moduli are sufficient enough. A theoretical analysis of the performance of the proposed scheme show it will be a better choice for detecting and correcting computational and transmission errors to existing similar state-of-the-art schemes.
The Coverage Issues in WSNs
Authors: Rani Jyoti , Anand Vishal 
Published: January 2020

Aim: Wireless Sensor Networks is one of the hot research topic in previous years due to its wide contribution in emerging industry that is Internet of Things. A wireless sensor network is a network of tiny devices, which can gather the information from surrounding and then successfully communicate it via wireless link. WSNs are widely used for monitoring targets in given field of interest. Most popular area of research in Wireless Sensor Networks is coverage. This paper focus on coverage issues in Wireless Sensor Networks.
Study Design: Various Issues in WSNs being studied and analyzed.
Place and Duration of Study: Swami Parmanand College Lalru, between May 2019 to December 2019.
Methodology: It included following steps:-

Survey of the literature related to the proposed work.
Comparison of different types of WSNs and challenges and issues related to them.
Detailed study of coverage issue involved in implementation of WSN.

Results: Coverage selection depends on the system requirement. Each coverage has its own advantages and disadvantages related to its implementation.
“Table 2: Comparison between Various WSN and challenges related to them” it discusses about various types of WSNs and the challenges related to each one of them.
Conclusion: Coverage in WSNs can be defined on how well the sensor nodes monitor the targets in given field of interest. Each application comes with different set of coverage requirements; hence, deployment strategies are chosen based on the requirements.
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Determining Water and Nitrogen Stress in Maize during Rabi Season
Authors: Naveen H. R. , Naik B. Balaji , Sreenivas G. , Kumar Ajay , Adinarayana J. , Kumar K. Avil , Shankaraiah M. 
Published: January 2020

Aims/Objectives: Is to examine the use of spectral reflectance characteristics and explore the effectiveness of spectral indices under water and nitrogen stress environment.
Study Design: Split-plot.
Place and Duration of Study: Agro Climate Research Center, A.R.I., P.J.T.S. Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India in 2018-19.
Methodology: Fixed amount of 5 cm depth of water was applied to each plot when the ratio of irrigation water and cumulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE) arrives at pre-determined levels of 0.6, 0.8 & 1.2 as main-plot and 3 nitrogen levels viz. 100, 200 & 300 kg N ha-1 as a subplot to create water and nitrogen stress environment. Spectral reflectance from each treatment was measured using Spectroradiometer and analyzed using statistical software package SPSS 17, SAS and trial version of UNSCRABLER.
Results: At tasseling and dough stages, the reflectance pattern of maize was found to be higher in visible light spectrum of 400 to700 nm whereas lower in near-infrared region (700 to 900) in both underwater (IW/CPE ratio of 0.6) and nitrogen stress (100 kg N ha-1) environment as compared to moderate and no stress irrigation (IW/CPE ratio of 0.8 & 1.2) and nitrogen (200 and 300 kg N ha-1) treatments. The discriminant analysis of NDVI, GNDVI, WBI and SR indicated that 72.2% and 66.7% of the original grouped cases and 55.6% and 38.9% of the cross-validated grouped cases under irrigation and nitrogen levels, respectively were correctly classified.
Conclusion: Hyperspectral remote sensing can be used as a tool to detect and quantify the water and nitrogen stress in maize non-destructively. Spectral vegetation indices viz. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) were found effective to distinguish water and nitrogen stress severity in maize.
Bacteriological Assessment of Toilet Seats in a Nigerian University
Authors: Sampson T. , Esheyigba A. P. , Baridam S. S. 
Published: January 2020

Exposure to enteric pathogens through direct contact with contaminated toilets surfaces and associated water is one of the major sources of disease transmission in public settings. The bacterial profile of toilet seats in students’ dormitories was investigated to determine the pattern of bacterial contamination of public toilet seats in a university setting. Samples were collected from the male and female hostels in the University, and Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Count (THBC) as well as Fecal Coliform Counts (FCC) were carried out using standard microbiological procedures. The male hostels had a mean THBC of 11.4 ± 4.9 x 105 cfu/ml and 2.7 ± 0.7 x105 cfu/ml for the water and swab samples collected from the toilet bowl (WC), respectively. The female hostels on the other hand had a mean THBC of 7.7 ± 0.6 x 105 cfu/ml and 2.0 ± 2.7 x 105 cfu/ml for the water and swab samples from the WC, respectively. The result also revealed that the water in the WC accounted for 80.7% of the bacterial isolates while the toilet seat surfaces accounted for 19.3%. However, there was a statistical difference in the bacterial counts between the male and female hostels as well as the water and swab samples from the WC (p < 0.05). A total of thirty seven isolates (37) belonging to five (5) genera were identified as Staphylococcus spp. (32.4%), Bacillus spp (32.4%), Klebsiella spp (13.5%), Escherichia coli (13.5%), as well as Coccobacilli (8.2%). This research has shown the pattern of bacterial contamination of toilet seats and the potential pathogenic bacteria that may pose health challenges. Reduction in the number of students per toilet as well as proper sanitary practice is recommended, to prevent toilet associated infections amongst students.
Intimate Esthetics: Radiofrequency and the Vitamin C Association
Authors: Tible Lainscek Florence Germaine , Pires da Silva Áller , Maia Armiato Amaraina , Silva Carlotto Herrera Sávia Denise , Santos Nascimento Oliveira Larissa dos , De Carvalho Alves Rafaela , Santos Lacerda Elcyane Bechara , Buarque Machado Argentina França , Santos Pereira Andrielly dos , Lopes Batista Joaquim Celito 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Aging is a natural event, however for women the effects are more drastic, interfering directly in their sexual health, leading to intimate changes such as vulvovaginal sagging and hyperchromic.
Objective: To investigate whether the use of radiofrequency associated with vitamin C reduces the signs of aging and decreases the cutaneous hyperpigmentation of the vulvar zone.
Materials and Methods: Forty women divided into Radiofrequency (RF) and Radiofrequency associated with Vitamin C (RFC) were selected to meet the inclusion criteria to perform 4 treatment sessions. Data were collected from the photographic visual evaluation of a gynecologist, a dermatologist, and a specialist physiotherapist, from the pre and post-procedure, in addition to the participant's intimate self-assessment through a questionnaire. At the end of treatment, 35 women with the age group of 40.8 RF and 34.2 RFC were left.
Results: Participants reported improvement in sexual satisfaction, however, there was no significant difference between the RF and RFC groups regarding sagging and whitening and the inter-evaluator evaluation was unagreed.
Conclusion: If necessary, more sessions are performed for possible evidence of vitamin C use.
Effects of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic or alcoholic elevated liver enzymes on incidence of diabetes following lifestyle intervention: A subanalysis of the J-DOIT1
Authors: Sakane Naoki , Kotani Kazuhiko , Suganuma Akiko , Takahashi Kaoru , Sato Juichi , Suzuki Sadao , Izumi Kazuo , Kato Masayuki , Noda Mitsuhiko , Nirengi Shinsuke , Kuzuya Hideshi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Using annual health check-up data, the aim of this study was to identify target populations for lifestyle interventions to effectively prevent diabetes in a real-world setting.

Methods
The Japan Diabetes Outcome Intervention Trial-1, a prospective, cluster-randomized controlled trial, was launched to test if year-long telephone-delivered lifestyle support by health professionals can prevent the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in people with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) identified at health check-ups. A total of 2607 participants aged 20-65 years with IFG were randomized to an intervention arm (n = 1240) or a control arm (n = 1367). We performed subgroup analysis to examine the effects of the intervention on the incidence of T2D in participants with body mass index (BMI) ≥25, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and non-alcoholic or alcoholic elevated liver enzymes at the baseline. Cox regression analysis adjusted for sex was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs).

Results
In addition to IFG, the presence of BMI ≥25, MetS, and elevated liver enzymes increased the incidence of diabetes by two- or three-fold. During a median follow-up period of 4.9 years, only the non-alcoholic elevated liver enzyme group showed a low incidence rate owing to lifestyle interventions (adjusted HR: 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.18-0.98).

Conclusion
The results suggest that people who have IFG and non-alcoholic elevated liver enzymes are a good target population for lifestyle interventions to effectively reduce the incidence of diabetes in a real-world setting.
Sensitized Yb3+ Luminescence in CsPbCl3 Film for Highly Efficient Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ishii Ayumi , Miyasaka Tsutomu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) light emitting diodes (LEDs) with the emission wavelength over 900 nm are useful in a wide range of optical applications. Narrow bandgap NIR emitters have been widely investigated using organic compounds and colloidal quantum dots. However, intrinsically low charge mobility and luminescence efficiency of these materials limit improvement of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of NIR LEDs, which is far from practical applications. Herein, a highly efficient NIR LED is demonstrated, which is based on an energy transfer from wide bandgap all inorganic perovskite (CsPbCl3) to ytterbium ions (Yb3+) as an NIR emitter doped in the perovskite crystalline film. High mobility of electrically excited carriers in the perovskite crystalline film provides a long carrier diffusion and enhances radiative recombination of an emission center due to minimized charge trapping losses, resulting in high EQE value in LEDs. The NIR emission of Yb3+ at around 1000 nm is found to be sensitized by CsPbCl3 thin film with a photoluminescence quantum yield over 60%. The LED based on Yb3+‐doped CsPbCl3 film exhibits a high EQE of 5.9% with a peak wavelength of 984 nm, achieved by high carrier transporting ability and effective sensitized emission property in the solid‐film structure.
Unlocking the Door of Boosting Biodirected Structures for High‐Performance VNxOy/C by Controlling the Reproduction Mode
Authors: Li Ting , Wang Jing , Li Xia , Si Liang , Zhang Sen , Deng Chao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiverse reproduction modes of bio‐organisms open new intriguing opportunities for biochemistry‐enabled materials. Herein, a new strategy is developed to explore biodirected structures for functional materials via controlling the reproduction mode. Yeast with sexual or asexual reproduction mode are employed in this work. They result in two different biodirected structures, from bowl‐like hollow hemisphere to “bubble‐in‐sphere” (BIS) structure, for the VNxOy/C composites. Benefitting from the hierarchical structure, nanoscale particles and conductive biomass–derived carbon base, both VNxOy/C biocomposites achieve high power/energy density, good reliability, and excellent long‐term cycling stability in aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. Deep investigations further reveal that different biodirected structures greatly influence the electrochemical properties of biocomposites. The bowl‐like structures with thin shells and folded double layers achieve larger surface area and more active sites, which ensure their faster kinetics and better high rate capability. The BIS structures with a more compact assembly and higher stack capability are favorable to the better energy storage. Therefore, this work not only introduces a new clue to boost biodirected structures for functional materials, but also propels the development of Zn‐ion batteries in diverse applications.
Synthesis of Anisotropic ZnSe Nanorods with Zinc Blende Crystal Structure
Authors: Ning Jiajia , Kershaw Stephen V. , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCompared with the well‐explored cadmium‐based one‐dimensional nanorods (NRs), it is still a challenge to produce heavy‐metal‐free II–VI semiconductor analogues with a controlled size, shape, and crystal structure. Herein, a synthetic strategy towards ZnSe NRs with a zinc blende crystal structure is presented, where use of the anisotropic nuclei produced via a high‐temperature selenium injection favors anisotropic growth. Elongated ZnSe NRs were produced from anisotropic ZnSe nuclei, while spherical ZnSe nanocrystals were obtained starting from isotropic nuclei. The different free energy at (111) and (220) planes in anisotropic ZnSe nuclei induces the anisotropic growth of (111) plane for ZnSe NRs. Proper choice of the capping ligand (1‐dodecanethiol) has an important implication for the formation of anisotropic ZnSe nuclei and also allows the control of the diameter of the final ZnSe NRs by limiting the growth of the (220) crystal plane of anisotropic ZnSe nuclei.
Anti‐Aromatic versus Induced Paratropicity: Synthesis and Interrogation of a Dihydro‐diazatrioxa[9]circulene with a Proton Placed Directly above the Central Ring
Authors: Pedersen Stephan K. , Eriksen Kristina , Karaush‐Karmazin Nataliya N. , Minaev Boris , Ågren Hans , Baryshnikov Gleb V. , Pittelkow Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present a high‐yielding intramolecular oxidative coupling within a diazadioxa[10]helicene to give a dihydro‐diazatrioxa[9]circulene. This is the first [n]circulene containing more than eight ortho‐annulated rings (n>8). The single‐crystal X‐ray structure reveals a tight columnar packing, with a proton from a pendant naphthalene moiety centred directly above the central nine‐membered ring. This distinct environment induces a significant magnetic deshielding effect on that particular proton as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The origin of the deshielding effect was investigated computationally in terms of the NICS values. It is established that the deshielding effect originates from an induced paratropic ring current from the seven aromatic rings of the [9]circulene structure, and is not due to the nine‐membered ring being antiaromatic. UV/Vis spectroscopy reveals more efficient conjugation in the prepared diazatrioxa[9]circulene compared to the parent helical azaoxa[10]helicenes, and DFT calculations, including energy levels, confirm the experimental observations.
CAAC‐Based Thiele and Schlenk Hydrocarbons
Authors: Maiti Avijit , Stubbe Jessica , Neuman Nicolás I. , Kalita Pankaj , Duari Prakash , Schulzke Carola , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Sarkar Biprajit , Jana Anukul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiradicals have been of tremendous interest for over a century ever since the first reports ofp‐ andm‐phenylene‐bridged diphenylmethylradicals in 1904 by Thiele and 1915 by Schlenk. Reported here are the first examples of cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) analogues of Thiele's hydrocarbon, a Kekulé diradical, and Schlenk's hydrocarbon, a non‐Kekulé diradical, without using CAAC as a precursor. The CAAC analogue of Thiele's hydrocarbon has a singlet ground state, whereas the CAAC analogue of Schlenk's hydrocarbon contains two unpaired electrons. The latter forms a dimer, by an intermolecular double head‐to‐tail dimerization. This straightforward synthetic methodology is modular and can be extended for the generation of redox‐active organic compounds.
Catalytic Enantioselective Direct Aldol Addition of Aryl Ketones to α‐Fluorinated Ketones
Authors: Thomson Connor J. , Barber David M. , Dixon Darren J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe catalytic enantioselective synthesis of α‐fluorinated chiral tertiary alcohols from (hetero)aryl methyl ketones is described. The use of a bifunctional iminophosphorane (BIMP) superbase was found to facilitate direct aldol addition by providing the strong Brønsted basicity required for rapid aryl enolate formation. The new synthetic protocol is easy to perform and tolerates a broad range of functionalities and heterocycles with high enantioselectivity (up to >99:1 e.r.). Multi‐gram scalability has been demonstrated along with catalyst recovery and recycling. 1H NMR studies identified a 1400‐fold rate enhancement under BIMP catalysis, compared to the prior state‐of‐the‐art catalytic system. The utility of the aldol products has been highlighted with the synthesis of various enantioenriched building blocks and heterocycles, including 1,3‐aminoalcohol, 1,3‐diol, oxetane, and isoxazoline derivatives.
Eine universelle, auf Nanokapillaren basierende Methode zur Katalysatorimmobilisierung für die Flüssigzell‐Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie
Authors: Tarnev Tsvetan , Cychy Steffen , Andronescu Corina , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Chen Yen‐Ting 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEs wird eine universelle, auf Nanokapillaren basierende Methode zur Probenabscheidung auf der Siliziumnitridmembran von LCTEM‐Chips (liquid cell transmission electron microscopy) vorgeschlagen. Sie ist auf alle Substanzen anwendbar, die in einem Lösungsmittel dispergierbar und für eine Tropfenimmobilisierung geeignet sind, einschließlich Katalysatoren, biologische Proben und Polymere. Am wichtigsten ist, dass diese Methode die Einschränkungen bezüglich der Probenimmobilisierung aufgrund der Zerbrechlichkeit der ultradünnen Glaskohlenstoffelektrode/Siliziumnitridmembran, die für die Elektronenübertragung erforderlich ist, überwindet. Somit wird ein einfacher Weg vorgestellt, um das Forschungsgebiet des LCTEM auf jede Probe zu erweitern, die zuvor extern abgeschieden werden kann. Mit dieser Methode werden NixB‐Nanopartikel auf der Arbeitselektrode des LCTEM‐Chips im μm‐Maßstab deponiert und die In‐situ‐Beobachtung einzelner Katalysatorpartikel während der Ethanoloxidation erstmals erfolgreich mithilfe von TEM‐Filmen durchgeführt.
Understanding the Activity of Co‐N4−xCx in Atomic Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Yang Qin , Jia Yi , Wei Fenfei , Zhuang Linzhou , Yang Dongjiang , Liu Jizi , Wang Xin , Lin Sen , Yuan Pei , Yao Xiangdong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAtomic metal catalysis (AMC) provides an effective way to enhance activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Cobalt anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon materials have been extensively reported. The carbon‐hosted Co‐N4 structure was widely considered as the active site; however, it is very rare to investigate the activity of Co partially coordinated with N, for example, Co‐N4−xCx. Herein, the activity of Co‐N4−xCx with tunable coordination environment is investigated as the active sites for ORR catalysis. The defect (di‐vacancies) on carbon is essential for the formation of Co‐N4−xCx. N species play two important roles in promoting the intrinsic activity of atomic metal catalyst: N coordinated with Co to manipulate the reactivity by modification of electronic distribution and N helped to trap more Co to increase the number of active sites.
Emerging Cubic Chirality in γCD‐MOF for Fabricating Circularly Polarized Luminescent Crystalline Materials and the Size Effect
Authors: Hu Liangyu , Li Kun , Shang Weili , Zhu Xuefeng , Liu Minghua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe chiral feature of γCD‐MOF, and especially the emergent cubic void, was not unveiled so far. Now, through the host–guest interaction between γCD‐MOF and achiral luminophores with different charges and sizes, the unique cubic chirality of the emerging void in γCD‐MOF as well as a size effect on CPL induction are revealed for the first time. Numerous achiral luminophores could be integrated into γCD‐MOF and emitted significantly boosted circularly polarized luminescence. While the small sized luminophores preferred to be loaded into the intrinsic void of γCD, large ones were selectively encapsulated into the cubic void. Interestingly, when the size of the guest luminophores was close to the cube size, it showed strong negative CPL. Otherwise, either positive or negative CPL was induced.
C−C Bond Formation in Syngas Conversion over Zinc Sites Grafted on ZSM‐5 Zeolite
Authors: Chen Yuxiang , Gong Ke , Jiao Feng , Pan Xiulian , Hou Guangjin , Si Rui , Bao Xinhe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite significant progress achieved in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) technology, control of product selectivity remains a challenge in syngas conversion. Herein, we demonstrate that Zn2+‐ion exchanged ZSM‐5 zeolite steers syngas conversion selectively to ethane with its selectivity reaching as high as 86 % among hydrocarbons (excluding CO2) at 20 % CO conversion. NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and X‐ray fluorescence indicate that this is likely attributed to the highly dispersed Zn sites grafted on ZSM‐5. Quasi‐in‐situ solid‐state NMR, obtained by quenching the reaction in liquid N2, detects C2 species such as acetyl (‐COCH3) bonding with an oxygen, ethyl (‐CH2CH3) bonding with a Zn site, and epoxyethane molecules adsorbing on a Zn site and a Brønsted acid site of the catalyst, respectively. These species could provide insight into C−C bond formation during ethane formation. Interestingly, this selective reaction pathway toward ethane appears to be general because a series of other Zn2+‐ion exchanged aluminosilicate zeolites with different topologies (for example, SSZ‐13, MCM‐22, and ZSM‐12) all give ethane predominantly. By contrast, a physical mixture of ZnO‐ZSM‐5 favors formation of hydrocarbons beyond C3+. These results provide an important guide for tuning the product selectivity in syngas conversion.