bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudo paralysis of the shoulder and increased C-reactive protein are predictive factors for septic shoulder in children superior to other clinical symptoms: A retrospective case series of 25 patients
Authors: Danilov Cezara , Ihle Christoph , Fernandez Francisco F. , Blumenstock Gunnar , Wirth Thomas , Eberhardt Oliver 
Published: February 2020

Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate predictable parameters with the highest sensitivity used in the diagnosis of children septic shoulder arthritis. Methods All children treated in our paediatric orthopaedic hospital between 2000 and 2017 with intraoperative verified septic arthritis of the shoulder were included in this retrospective study. Diagnostic procedures e.g. ultrasound, MRI, radiograph or blood samples as well as typical clinical symptoms were evaluated as predictable parameters for septic shoulder arthritis in paediatric patients. Descriptive statistics as well as sensitivity analysis were performed. Results In all, 25 children, 20 boys and five girls, aged from eight days to 15 years, were included for further statistical analysis. All parameters included were tested for sensitivity with binomial confidence intervals (Cis) of 95%. Predictive parameters with highest sensitivity were pseudo paralysis (100%, CI 0.86 to 1.00) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (96%, CI 0.79 to 0.99) superior to temperature (52%, CI 0.3 to 0.73), white blood count (11%, CI 0.01 to 0.34), radiograph (21%, CI 0.04 to 0.50), ultrasound (71%, CI 0.47 to 0.88) or MRI (100%, CI 0.78 to 1.00). Conclusion The diagnosis of a septic arthritis of the shoulder in children can be challenging for the clinician and especially for the resident doctor. Clinical symptoms such as pseudo paralysis and increased CRP level must be considered as predictive markers not to delay further diagnostics and treatment. Level of Evidence IV
Phenotypic characters and genetic variations of lurik peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L. var. lurikensis) with Inter Simple Sequence Repeat
Authors: - Ikhsanudin Nur Rosyidi , Budi Setiadi Daryono  
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Rosyidi IN, Daryono BS. 2020. Phenotypic characters and genetic variations of lurik peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L. var. lurikensis) with Inter Simple Sequence Repeat. Biodiversitas 21: 629-635. Agriculture is a sector that supports national development, one of its commodities is peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The needs and demand for peanuts from the food industry sector increased throughout time. However, the current national production level is unable to fulfill the demand, so the number of peanut imports increased sharply. Based on this condition, researches to improve peanuts production using Lurik peanuts should be held as a solution to fulfill the need for national consumption because lurik peanuts have a greater number of pods and seeds. This research was aimed to improve the quality and quantity of Lurik peanuts phenotype and analyze the successes through the variations and its molecular character. This research was done in May - July 2018 in Mutihan, Madurejo, Prambanan, Sleman, Yogyakarta and in the Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In this research, Lurik peanuts improvement was conducted by selection and induction with colchicine. The Data was collected qualitatively using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) with ISSR 8, ISSR 9, UBC 825, UBC 841 primers and electrophoresis while the quantitative method was done using plant phenotype measurement and spectrophotometry, then followed by data analysis using one-way ANOVA and MVSP 3.1 program. The results of this research showed that the characters of Lurik peanuts were different from common peanuts such as in having higher plants, different numbers of seeds per pod, and pattern on the seed coat. These data were supported by the molecular results, with similarity index at 84% meaning that the Lurik peanuts and common peanuts are classified as one same species.
Stability analysis of silver nanoparticle suspensions by cyclic voltammetry
Authors: Navarrete M. , Mayen-Mondragon R. , Sato R. , Mejía E. V. , Aguirre-Aguirre D. , Genesca J. 
Published: February 2020

We report the application of cyclic voltammetry and absorption spectroscopy to the characterization and study of the stability of silver colloids in water. The samples are prepared via chemical reduction and the reactions are catalyzed by irradiation with white light. The electrochemical response is related to the characteristic sample surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the UV-visible absorption spectra. Cyclic voltammetry shows a characteristic reduction peak whose position is specific to each analyzed sample. Optical analysis of a colloid precursor during a 12 h time span, under low-power white-light irradiation, shows that nanoparticles undergo change in size and surface state (absorption bands splitting and inversion) to attain the “stable” colloidal form. While the absorption spectrum bands of the precursor return almost periodically to similar positions, the cyclic voltammogram characteristic reduction peak is displaced as a function of time. Finally, we follow the SPR changes of one “stable” colloid being subjected to electrolysis, heating, and sunlight irradiation, for environmental remediation purposes. Sunlight exposure produces the most significant SPR intensity drop, but the electrochemical technique shows itself promising as well.
Optical circular dichroism engineering in chiral metamaterials utilizing a deep learning network
Authors: Tao Zilong , You Jie , Zhang Jun , Zheng Xin , Liu Hengzhu , Jiang Tian 
Published: February 2020

Here, a deep learning (DL) algorithm based on deep neural networks is proposed and employed to predict the chiroptical response of two-dimensional (2D) chiral metamaterials. Specifically, these 2D metamaterials contain nine types of left-handed nanostructure arrays, including U-like, T-like, and I-like shapes. Both the traditional rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) method and DL approach are utilized to study the circular dichroism (CD) in higher-order diffraction beams. One common feature of these chiral metamaterials is that they all exhibit the weakest intensity but the strongest CD response in the third-order diffracted beams. Our work suggests that the DL model can predict CD performance of a 2D chiral nanostructure with a computational speed that is four orders of magnitude faster than RCWA but preserves high accuracy. The DL model introduced in this work shows great potentials in exploring various chiroptical interactions in metamaterials and accelerating the design of hypersensitive photonic devices.
High-power back-to-back dual-absorption germanium photodetector
Authors: Li Xiuli , Peng Linzhi , Liu Zhi , Liu Xiangquan , Zheng Jun , Zuo Yuhua , Xue Chunlai , Cheng Buwen 
Published: February 2020

A high-power germanium photodetector is designed and fabricated using a cold-wall ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition. A back-to-back dual-absorption structure improves high-power characteristics by reducing the space-charge effect. Compared to a typical p-i-n photodetector, the saturated photocurrent of the back-to-back dual-absorption photodetector is improved from 16.2 to 21.3 mA at

−

3

V

. At a bias voltage of

−

1

V

, the dark current is 1.31 µA. The optical responsivities are 0.31 and 0.52 A/W at 1550 and 1310 nm, respectively. The 3 dB bandwidth of 4.14 GHz is achieved at

−

3

V

. Theoretically, the 3 dB bandwidth can be further optimized in future device fabrication.
Optical microwave generation with an ultra-stable Fabry–Perot cavity in a laser diode self-injection loop
Authors: Zheng Fasong , Fang Fang , Chen Weiliang , Dai Shaoyang , Liu Kun , Li Tianchu 
Published: February 2020

The optical microwave generation scheme with an ultra-stable Fabry–Perot cavity (USC) in a self-injection loop of laser diode (LD) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in this Letter. Using an USC as the mode selector, an injection light is obtained with coherent and equidistant comb-like modes, which are separated by integer multiples of the free spectral range (FSR) of the USC in frequency domain. After injecting back to the LD, the lasing modes are referenced to these comb-like modes, and the microwaves with frequencies of integer multiples of the USC FSR are obtained from the beating signal of detection photodiode. For the microwaves at frequencies of one FSR and two FSRs, the signal-to-noise ratios are better than 60 dB, and the 3 dB linewidths are below 16 Hz. The phase noises and the frequency stability of the generated microwave are also investigated experimentally.
Ordinary Extraordinary Activism: Student-led filmmaking in disability studies
Authors: Jones Chelsea Temple , Collins Kim 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this article, we, as disability studies educators in Toronto, Canada, reflect on our interpretations of a student group's call to 'people' disability culture. This request tasked us with mapping disability culture in Canada, and representing it through the arts-based approach of new disability documentary. We produced five student-directed films, Ordinary Extraordinary Activism, that bridge theory with lived experience by profiling activists whose lives involve participating in disability culture. Here, we describe how our work supported and transcended the affirmative model by drawing on intersectionality and Disability Justice. We critically consider the aesthetic and representational tensions of producing films under crip time. Through this writing, we reflect on the three-year process of filmmaking as a gesture of online pedagogy and analyse three out of five films.
Rippling excesses: A/r/tography becoming dis/a/r/tography
Authors: Roman Leslie G. , del pieve gobbi rena , Beaudry Jonas-Sébastien , Blackbridge Persimmon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
How do disability arts (dis/arts) and culture rupture and transform conventional artistic and a/r/tographic practices? We show how disability arts and culture involves a multiplicity of voices unfolding, recursing, rippling and reflexively performing public pedagogy to make the Wingspan retreat of artists and scholars. We revisit both Hofstadter's formalistic and ahistorical conception of recursion and Irwin's a/r/tography to ask how artistic practices and genres reflexively transform. Our research foregrounds disability collectivity without forsaking individuality, fragilities, strengths, differences of disability that require accommodation and communication beyond the binaries of ability/disability, and, purported 'normalcy' and 'irregularity'. This article artistically and intellectually plays both with the unfolding of a/r/tography as recursive processes often in tension and contention with discourses of 'ability' and 'normalcy' that so bind who counts as valued human beings (or not) and whose semiotic excesses matter. Recursive transformations may become larger sociocultural movements of disability politics and collectives with history, agency and polyvocality. To respect such differences and yet exceed them in the span of wings is the provisional and mighty task of the disability arts, culture and public pedagogical movement.
Using arts-based research to understand the sociocultural facets of having invisible disabilities in a normative society
Authors: Allen Alexandra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Disability studies is centred around the idea that disability is a social construction. Within the field of disability studies, however, many people with non-apparent disabilities are still underrepresented when it comes to the investigation of how social factors influence the formation of their own disability identity. Throughout this study, I use arts-based research to explore moments of critical disability awareness that highlight instances in which sociocultural factors have influenced my disability identity. By examining certain facets of critical disability studies that address issues of ableism, I am able to emphasize the ways in which critical autobiography can contribute to the discourse of having invisible disabilities within a normative society.
Splashes of light: Parents of children with dyslexia explore experiences through visual arts
Authors: Watt Jennifer 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article examines the critical disability praxis grounding a research study that explored the lived experiences of parents of children with dyslexia through in-depth interviews and arts-based focus group. The participants engaged in visual arts practices to create provoking images of the issues facing themselves or their families. This multimodal experience became an opportunity for the participants to raise awareness of the needs of families with learning disabilities. This article focuses on two parent-artists who created visual pieces that shared a thematic focus on darkness and light. Both pieces contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges and difficulties that these parent-artists encountered, but also gave them the opportunity to voice the more affirmative and empowering aspects of their experiences.
Integrating CRISPR Engineering and hiPSC-Derived 2D Disease Modeling Systems
Authors: Rehbach Kristina , Fernando Michael B. , Brennand Kristen J. 
Published: February 2020

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have revolutionized research on human diseases, particularly neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, making it possible to study mechanisms of disease risk and initiation in otherwise inaccessible patient-specific cells. Today, the integration of CRISPR engineering approaches with hiPSC-based models permits precise isogenic comparisons of human neurons and glia. This review is intended as a guideline for neuroscientists and clinicians interested in translating their research to hiPSC-based studies. It offers state-of-the-art approaches to tackling the challenges that are unique to humanin vitrodisease models, particularly interdonor and intradonor variability, and limitations in neuronal maturity and circuit complexity. Finally, we provide a detailed overview of the immense possibilities the field has to offer, highlighting efficient neural differentiation and induction strategies for the major brain cell types and providing perspective into integrating CRISPR-based methods into study design. The combination of hiPSC-based disease modeling, CRISPR technology, and high-throughput approaches promises to advance our scientific knowledge and accelerate progress in drug discovery.Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:Studying Human Neurodevelopment and Diseases Using 3D Brain Organoids, by Ai Tian, Julien Muffat, and Yun Li
Studying Human Neurodevelopment and Diseases Using 3D Brain Organoids
Authors: Tian Ai , Muffat Julien , Li Yun 
Published: February 2020

In vitrodifferentiation of pluripotent stem cells provides a systematic platform to study development and disease. Recent advances in brain organoid technology have created new opportunities to investigate the formation and function of the human brain, under physiological and pathological conditions. Brain organoids can be generated to model the cellular and structural development of the human brain, and allow the investigation of the intricate interactions between resident neural and glial cell types. Combined with new advances in gene editing, imaging, and genomic analysis, brain organoid technology can be applied to address questions pertinent to human brain development, disease, and evolution. However, the current iterations of brain organoids also have limitations in faithfully recapitulating thein vivoprocesses. In this perspective, we evaluate the recent progress in brain organoid technology, and discuss the experimental considerations for its utilization.Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:Integrating CRISPR Engineering and hiPSC-Derived 2D Disease Modeling Systems, by Kristina Rehbach, Michael B. Fernando, and Kristen J. Brennand
Modifying the Adult Rat Tonotopic Map with Sound Exposure Produces Frequency Discrimination Deficits That Are Recovered with Training
Authors: Thomas Maryse E. , Lane Conor P. , Chaudron Yohann M.J. , Cisneros-Franco J. Miguel , de Villers-Sidani Étienne 
Published: February 2020

Frequency discrimination learning is often accompanied by an expansion of the functional region corresponding to the target frequency within the auditory cortex. Although the perceptual significance of this plastic functional reorganization remains debated, greater cortical representation is generally thought to improve perception for a stimulus. Recently, the ability to expand functional representations through passive sound experience has been demonstrated in adult rats, suggesting that it may be possible to design passive sound exposures to enhance specific perceptual abilities in adulthood. To test this hypothesis, we exposed adult female Long–Evans rats to 2 weeks of moderate-intensity broadband white noise followed by 1 week of 7 kHz tone pips, a paradigm that results in the functional over-representation of 7 kHz within the adult tonotopic map. We then tested the ability of exposed rats to identify 7 kHz among distractor tones on an adaptive tone discrimination task. Contrary to our expectations, we found that map expansion impaired frequency discrimination and delayed perceptual learning. Rats exposed to noise followed by 15 kHz tone pips were not impaired at the same task. Exposed rats also exhibited changes in auditory cortical responses consistent with reduced discriminability of the exposure tone. Encouragingly, these deficits were completely recovered with training. Our results provide strong evidence that map expansion alone does not imply improved perception. Rather, plastic changes in frequency representation induced by bottom-up processes can worsen perceptual faculties, but because of the very nature of plasticity these changes are inherently reversible.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe potent ability of our acoustic environment to shape cortical sensory representations throughout life has led to a growing interest in harnessing both passive sound experience and operant perceptual learning to enhance mature cortical function. We use sound exposure to induce targeted expansions in the adult rat tonotopic map and find that these bottom-up changes unexpectedly impair performance on an adaptive tone discrimination task. Encouragingly, however, we also show that training promotes the recovery of electrophysiological measures of reduced neural discriminability following sound exposure. These results provide support for future neuroplasticity-based treatments that take into account both the sensory statistics of our external environment and perceptual training strategies to improve learning and memory in the adult auditory system.
Social Stimuli Induce Activation of Oxytocin Neurons Within the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus to Promote Social Behavior in Male Mice
Authors: Resendez Shanna L. , Namboodiri Vijay Mohan K. , Otis James M. , Eckman Louisa E.H. , Rodriguez-Romaguera Jose , Ung Randall L. , Basiri Marcus L. , Kosyk Oksana , Rossi Mark A. , Dichter Gabriel S. , Stuber Garret D. 
Published: February 2020

Oxytocin (OT) is critical for the expression of social behavior across a wide array of species; however, the role of this system in the encoding of socially relevant information is not well understood. In the present study, we show that chemogenetic activation of OT neurons within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) of male mice (OT-Ires-Cre) enhanced social investigation during a social choice test, while chemogenetic inhibition of these neurons abolished typical social preferences. These data suggest that activation of the OT system is necessary to direct behavior preferentially toward social stimuli. To determine whether the presence of a social stimulus is sufficient to induce activation of PVH-OT neurons, we performed the first definitive recording of OT neurons in awake mice using two-photon calcium imaging. These recordings demonstrate that social stimuli activate PVH-OT neurons and that these neurons differentially encode social and nonsocial stimuli, suggesting that PVH-OT neurons may act to convey social salience of environmental stimuli. Finally, an attenuation of social salience is associated with social disorders, such as autism. We therefore also examined possible OT system dysfunction in a mouse model of autism,Shank3bknock-out (KO) mice. MaleShank3bKO mice showed a marked reduction in PVH-OT neuron number and administration of an OT receptor agonist improved social deficits. Overall, these data suggest that the presence of a social stimulus induces activation of the PVH-OT neurons to promote adaptive social behavior responses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough the oxytocin (OT) system is well known to regulate a diverse array of social behaviors, the mechanism in which OT acts to promote the appropriate social response is poorly understood. One hypothesis is that the presence of social conspecifics activates the OT system to generate an adaptive social response. Here, we selectively recorded from OT neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) to show that social stimulus exposure indeed induces activation of the OT system. We also show that activation of the OT system is necessary to promote social behavior and that mice with abnormal social behavior have reduced numbers of PVH-OT neurons. Finally, aberrant social behavior in these mice was rescued by administration of an OT receptor agonist.
Genetic Variation and Potential for Resistance Development to the tTA Overexpression Lethal System in Insects
Authors: Knudsen Katherine E , Reid William R , Barbour Traci M , Bowes Laci M , Duncan Juliana , Philpott Elaina , Potter Samantha , Scott Maxwell J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRelease of insect pests carrying the dominant lethal tetracycline transactivator (tTA) overexpression system has been proposed as a means for population suppression. High levels of the tTA transcription factor are thought to be toxic due to either transcriptional squelching or interference with protein ubiquitination. Here we utilized the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) to examine the influence of genetic variation on the efficacy of a female-specific tTA overexpression system. The level of female lethality between DGRP lines varied from 11 to 97% with a broad sense heritability of 0.89. A genome-wide association analysis identified 192 allelic variants associated with high or low lethality (P &lt; 10−5), although none were significant when corrected for multiple testing. 151 of the variants fell within 108 genes that were associated with several biological processes including transcription and protein ubiquitination. In four lines with high female lethality, tTA RNA levels were similar or higher than in the parental tTA overexpression strain. In two lines with low lethality, tTA levels were about two fold lower than in the parental strain. However, in two other lines with low lethality, tTA levels were similar or approximately 30% lower. RNAseq analysis identified genes that were up or downregulated in the four low female lethal lines compared to the four high lethal lines. For example, genes associated with RNA processing and rRNA maturation were significantly upregulated in low lethal lines. Our data suggest that standing genetic variation in an insect population could provide multiple mechanisms for resistance to the tTA overexpression system.