bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of reduction on adhesive properties
Authors: Stadnyk Igor , Piddubnyi Volodymyr , Krsnozhon Svitlana , Nataliia Antoshkova 
Published: February 2020

An analytical analysis of the action of rolls on the medium and its behaviour at adhesion bonds with its surface are carried out. The methods and means of carrying out researches on determination of surface roughness are offered, and the experimental setting for determining the adhesion strength is developed. To reveal the essence and understanding of the general research execution, a number of hypotheses for the determination of adhesion are given and a generalized approach to the definition of adhesion is given. The physical nature of the influence of the roughness of the roller surface on the injection of the dies depends on the shape and angle of roughness, the application of mechanical forces, the degree of its previous dispersion (recipe) and its physical and mechanical properties. The nature of the contact interaction of the dough with the rough surface of the roller working organ in the injection nozzle of the fumigation machine is established. Violation of these mutual relations leads to the production of poor-quality products and a reduction in the efficiency of the machine. The contact area of the adhesive and the component forming work for overcoming the adhesion and deformation of the environment in determining the criteria influencing the process according to each particular period of the deformation stage are substantiated. The obtained data give an answer to a number of questions about the possibility of interaction of the surface of the working bodies from the environment. On the basis of their data, the actual change in the contact adhesion in the roller unit of the molding machine with a comparative analysis of existing ones with the newly designed design is considered. It is established that in order to provide a constant area of actual contact, which contributes to better adhesion, and, accordingly, the passage of a qualitative process of tightening, compression and pouring, the necessary condition is the consistency of the specified criteria. This means that the actual contact area , varies from to depending on the ratio of parameters.
Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer: Where Are We in 2019?
Authors: Monteiro Fernando Sabino Marques , Soares Andrey , Oliveira Fernando Nunes Galvão de , Crivelaro Pedro Castilhos de Freitas , Barrios Pablo Moura , Fay Andre Poisl 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIn the last decade, important advances have been made in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, resulting in a better understanding of the biology underlying the disease, and in the approval of several therapeutic agents such as immunotherapy, new generation antiandrogens, cytotoxic chemotherapies, and radiopharmaceuticals. All these recent advances have been incorporated in clinical guidelines and a critical analysis of the data available should be important to help the decision-making process. In addition, the incorporation of well established therapies in early disease stages have demonstrated a robust overall survival gain for patients with castration-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. However, no predictive biomarkers of response are available and the selection of the best therapeutic option is still challenging depending on clinical and pathological factors. Many questions related to the optimal sequencing of agents, or comparison of its efficacy remain unanswered.
Le Brexit : une question de droit constitutionnel
Authors: Guigue Alexandre 
Published: February 2020

En raison de sa conception dualiste de l’application du droit international dans son ordre juridique interne, le Royaume-Uni s’est engagé dans deux procédures parallèles en vue de sa sortie de l’Union européenne. Sur la scène internationale, même s’il s’agit de la première notification par un État membre de sa volonté de quitter l’Union européenne sur le fondement de l’article 50 du Traité sur le fonctionnement de l’Union européenne, le Brexit semble poser surtout des difficultés d’ordre politique et diplomatique. En droit interne, en revanche, il pose des questions de droit constitutionnel. Certaines ont été tranchées par la Cour suprême à l’occasion de la décision Miller du 24 février 2017. D’autres ne sont pas encore réglées. Nous proposons d’analyser quatre questions : la constitution britannique prime-t-elle sur le droit de l’Union européenne ? Le résultat du référendum de 2016 est-il contraignant ? Le Cabinet peut-il notifier la sortie de l’Union européenne sans l’autorisation du Parlement ? Quelle est la part des composantes du Royaume-Uni dans le processus de sortie ? Aucune de ces questions n’appelle de réponse simple, d’abord parce que le Royaume-Uni ne dispose pas de constitution codifiée, ensuite parce que ces questions sont largement inédites. Si elles contribuent à faire évoluer la constitution britannique, elles se heurtent toutefois à un impératif temporel : deux ans de négociation pour mettre un terme à quarante-sept ans d’union politique et juridique.
Asile et Union européenne face à la crise : d’une gestion interne à une gestion externe
Authors: Sarolea Sylvie 
Published: February 2020

L’Union européenne est empêtrée dans une « crise migratoire » depuis 2015. Il s’agit en tout cas du discours politique commun. La présente contribution s’arrête sur le concept de crise qu’elle aborde de manière critique, en tentant à la fois de l’objectiver mais aussi d’en identifier la nature. Il faut ensuite s’interroger sur les impacts de ladite « crise » pour la gestion interne du droit d’asile par l’Union européenne. La gestion interne se réfère au cadre juridique gérant les questions liées à la protection internationale au sein de l’Union. L’afflux plus abondant de demandeurs de protection internationale a confronté le régime européen de l’asile commun à ses limites et au défi de la solidarité. Certains États se sont engouffrés dans le recours aux procédures dites d’évitement qui s’appuient sur des concepts permettant aux États d’échapper à l’obligation de protéger eu égard à l’origine, mais surtout à la trajectoire du demandeur d’asile. Il s’agit ensuite d’identifier les manifestations de l’évolution du régime européen d’asile commun vers une gestion externe de celui-ci. A défaut de pouvoir juguler les arrivées, l’Union se tourne vers des partenaires extérieurs pour cogérer les flux vers l’Europe. L’accord avec la Turquie, les compacts avec les pays du pourtour méditerranéen et d’Afrique subsaharienne en sont les premières expressions. Cette nouvelle orientation se caractérise, sur le fond, par un objectif de prévention des arrivées et, sur la forme, par l’usage de formes juridiques obscures, échappant à la fois au contrôle démocratique du législateur, institutionnel de la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne et juridictionnel de la Cour de justice. Les méthodes utilisées posent question quant à la compatibilité entre ces nouvelles stratégies et le respect des droits fondamentaux et de l’état de droit dans une organisation démocratique.
La diversification dans l’Union européenne, un véritable défi pour l’intégration
Authors: Thouvenot Manon 
Published: February 2020

L’idée générale du présent article est de faire une brève rétrospective de la relation entre l’Union européenne et le Royaume-Uni, sous couvert d’expliquer et de déterminer ce qu’est « l’intégration différenciée » dans l’Union européenne. Cherchant à remettre quelque peu en contexte la sortie imminente du Royaume-Uni et ses conséquences pour l’Union européenne, l’article rappelle que le développement de la différenciation dans l’Union européenne est paradoxal pour une organisation internationale qui a élaboré un « acquis communautaire » indispensable à chaque nouvel État membre. Dans cette perspective, l’article revient sur les traductions juridiques de cette différenciation et essaye de réfléchir quant à savoir si le Royaume-Uni, toujours en marge du rythme de l’Union européenne, n’a pas été en lui-même un facteur de la différenciation et, si tel était le cas, dans quelle mesure sa sortie ne doit être l’occasion pour les États membres de l’Union de se recentrer autour du projet européen.
L’Europe peut-elle faire l’économie du modèle fédéral? Conclusion de la table ronde des experts, avec quelques observations sur la gouvernance et la quête du changement*
Authors: Mondélice Mulry 
Published: February 2020

Cette contribution présente l’essentiel des réflexions interdisciplinaires présentées sur la question de savoir si l’Union peut faire l’économie du modèle fédéral lors de la table ronde des experts ayant réuni, le 28 avril 2017 à l’Université Laval, des panélistes de différents horizons lors du colloque international sur l’Union européenne - 60 ans du traité de Rome : “tous les chemins mènent-ils encore à Bruxelles?”. Un consensus s’est dégagé sur l’idée que l’Union ne peut pas faire l’économie du modèle fédéral. En témoignent des symptômes du fédéralisme : normes - même implicitement - , institutions, agences et politiques, faisant de l’UE une entité se rapprochant d’un État fédéral, avec une répartition des compétences entre l’Union et ses États membres. C’est le cas, par exemple, avec la place reconnue aux droits de la personne qu’illustrent, entre autres, l’existence de l’Agence des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne, mais également, l’action humanitaire avec l’Office d’aide humanitaire de l’Union, et la citoyenneté européenne et la mobilité des personnes, ce dernier domaine influençant dans une certaine mesure le Canada. Toutefois, ces symptômes du fédéralisme ne doivent pas faire oublier des pratiques, normes et politiques de l’Union, illustrant un certain fédéralisme en construction. En effet, les États membres ne se montrent pas tout à fait prêts à laisser trop de marge de manoeuvre à l’Union dans certaines de leurs compétences, notamment en matière d’affaires étrangères, ou dans des domaines sensibles comme l’immigration. Dès lors, cette situation plaçant l’Union dans un entre-deux n’est pas sans conséquences sur le poids de l’Union comme un acteur international. À une époque où le monde fait face à des crises complexes invitant à une gouvernance qui rassemble et mettant à l’épreuve les acteurs internationaux, il serait souhaitable que l’Union montre plus de leadership dans la quête du changement. Dans cette quête, le modèle de gouvernance de l’Union, entre les avancées et défis présents et à venir dans un monde complexe, demeure un enjeu majeur.
Relative contribution of ecological and biological attributes in the fine-grain structure of ant-plant networks
Authors: Díaz-Castelazo Cecilia , Martínez-Adriano Cristian A. , Dáttilo Wesley , Rico-Gray Victor 
Published: February 2020

Background
Ecological communities of interacting species analyzed as complex networks have shown that species dependence on their counterparts is more complex than expected at random. As for other potentially mutualistic interactions, ant-plant networks mediated by extrafloral nectar show a nested (asymmetric) structure with a core of generalist species dominating the interaction pattern. Proposed factors structuring ecological networks include encounter probability (e.g., species abundances and habitat heterogeneity), behavior, phylogeny, and body size. While the importance of underlying factors that influence the structure of ant-plant networks have been separately explored, the simultaneous contribution of several biological and ecological attributes inherent to the species, guild or habitat level has not been addressed.

Methods
For a tropical seasonal site we recorded (in 48 censuses) the frequency of pairwise ant-plant interactions mediated by extrafloral nectaries (EFN) on different habitats and studied the resultant network structure. We addressed for the first time the role of mechanistic versus neutral determinants at the ‘fine-grain’ structure (pairwise interactions) of ant-plant networks. We explore the simultaneous contribution of several attributes of plant and ant species (i.e., EFN abundance and distribution, ant head length, behavioral dominance and invasive status), and habitat attributes (i.e., vegetation structure) in prevailing interactions as well as in overall network topology (community).

Results
Our studied network was highly-nested and non-modular, with core species having high species strengths (higher strength values for ants than plants) and low specialization. Plants had higher dependences on ants than vice versa. We found that habitat heterogeneity in vegetation structure (open vs. shaded habitats) was the main factor explaining network and fine-grain structure, with no evidence of neutral (abundance) effects.

Discussion
Core ant species are relevant to most plants species at the network showing adaptations to nectar consumption and deterrent behavior. Thus larger ants interact with more plant species which, together with higher dependence of plants on ants, suggests potential biotic defense at a community scale. In our study site, heterogeneity in the ant-plant interactions among habitats is so prevalent that it emerges at community-level structural properties. High frequency of morphologically diverse and temporarily-active EFNs in all habitats suggests the relevance and seasonality of plant biotic defense provided by ants. The robust survey of ecological interactions and their biological/ecological correlates that we addressed provides insight of the interplay between adaptive-value traits and neutral effects in ecological networks.
Direct and Residual Effect of Boron Application on Yield and Nutrients Content under Rice–wheat Cropping System
Authors: Chanchal Ankesh , Singh Satish Kumar , Patra Abhik , Jatav Surendra Singh 
Published: February 2020

Aims: To investigate the direct and residual effect of boron application on yield and nutrient content under rice-wheat cropping system in middle Gangatic alluvial plan.
Study Design: Completely random design (CRD).
Place and Duration of Study: Net-house of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India during 2017-18.
Methodology: The pot experiment was comprised with ten treatments among them eight for boron (ranges from 0.5 to 4.0 mg B kg-1) along with control and recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). Rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety ARIZE 6444 was used as test crop and after harvesting of rice crop, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety HUW 468 was grown in the same pot without fresh application B. The yield data was recorded after harvesting of rice and wheat. The nutrient content in grain and straw and post-harvest soil properties were analyzed using standard protocol.
Results: The maximum grain yield in rice (44.07 g pot-1) was recorded in T5 (RDF + 1.5 kg B ha-1), whereas in wheat (19.70 g pot-1) was observed in T8 (RDF + 3 kg B ha-1). The maximum straw yield in rice (24.35 g pot-1) was recorded in T5 (RDF+ 1.5 kg B ka-1), whereas in wheat (48.65 g pot-1) was in T8 (RDF + 3 kg B ha-1). Application of RDF along with 1.5 kg B ha-1 was recorded the maximum (48.99%) harvest index in rice, whereas its (B) residual effect in wheat crop was maximum in RDF + 2 kg B ha-1. Application of B @ 1.5 kg B ha-1 significantly enhanced the Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn content in rice grain, whereas residual effect of 3 kg ha-1 B application has significantly improved the Fe, Cu and Mn content in wheat grain.
Conclusion: It was found that application of B did not increased grain yield of rice and wheat significantly over RDF. A significant residual effect of B application in rice was noticed even after the harvest of wheat crop particularly at highest doses of B application.
Management of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children under Five by Self-medication and Prescription of Antibiotics in Bukavu
Authors: Salama Beatrice , Bavurhe Benjamin Z. , Kadima Justin N. 
Published: February 2020

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are one of the top 10 killer diseases in children. In developing countries, the treatment is often initiated by self-medication (SM) before going to the hospital in case of a complication. This study assessed the level of self-medication and the adequacy of hospital prescribing patterns of antibiotics for the management of acute respiratory infections in children under five. It was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2018, including a face-to-face interview with 227 children’s mothers for self-medication and a review of 1162 medical files available at the pediatrics wards of Panzi General Hospital and University Clinic in Bukavu. Of 227 mothers interviewed, 168(74%) self-medicated children with six antibiotics, mainly amoxicillin (67%), and Cotrimoxazole (60%), principally to avoid medical consultation fees and to mitigate the early signs of the disease. However, among them, 49.8% rushed to the hospital after a complication. Of the 1162 medical files reviewed, 248(21.34%) are ARI cases of which 53% males and 47% females. Under 2 years constitute 85%. Dominant ARIs were acute pharyngitis (19.1%), acute otitis media (15.3%), bronchial superinfection (23.3%), and pneumonia (16.3%). The mortality rate attributable to ARIs was 17.5% (14/80). The antibiotics used in hospital include gentamicin (67%) in combination with cefotaxime, ampicillin, and azithromycin. The unprofessional dispensing of antibiotics in community pharmacies encouraged the high level of self-medication.
VERNACULAR ANSWERS TO SPATIAL NEEDS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES: INDONESIAN HOUSES
Authors: Wazir Zuber Angkasa , Indriani Irma 
Published: February 2020

The process of building traditional houses requires sizes of activities to determine dimensions of spaces. This study seeks to reveal how the activities of occupants relate to the dimensions of space in the vernacular society in Indonesia. It uses a literature study approach by reviewing various studies on vernacular housing in Indonesia. A total of 18 vernacular houses were reviewed and compared to find common relations between the activities and dimensions of the vernacular space. It was found that there were high variations in various placements, uses, and relations between activities and human living spaces, influenced by anthropometric factors, location, and socio-cultural factors. There are a very flexible space utilization and very rigid space utilization and between the two. This finding is expected to be a material for the development of simple, mass-built houses considering the habits of local residents in their activities.
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Tamavidin‐Luciferase Reporter Fusion Protein for Universal Signaling Applications
Authors: Broyles David B. , Dikici Emre , Daunert Sylvia , Deo Sapna K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite the avidin/biotin reaction being one of the most ubiquitous noncovalent immobilization and sensing strategies in scientific research, the ability to synthesize useful amounts of biotin‐binding fusion constructs is hampered by poor solubility in bacterial expression systems. As such, there are few reports of successful genetic reporter fusions incorporating a biotin‐binding partner. To address this, a sensitivity‐enhanced, synthetically facile reporter fusion is developed to merge the bioluminescence output of Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) with the recently characterized biotin‐binding ability of tamavidin 2 (TA2) for general and universal signaling applications in biological and analytical systems. This fusion construct enables direct bacterial expression of a reporter system incorporating two important functionalities in a 1:1 stoichiometric relationship that can provide detection of discrete events at low concentrations. Using a cold‐shock expression system, highly concentrated construct can be obtained from standard culture volumes while retaining essentially native protein activity. To demonstrate feasibility and provide an example application, this fusion construct is then included in a standard target‐bridged assay design for the sensitive detection of four miRNA targets.
Employing Interfaces with Metavalently Bonded Materials for Phonon Scattering and Control of the Thermal Conductivity in TAGS‐x Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Rodenkirchen Cynthia , Cagnoni Matteo , Jakobs Stefan , Cheng Yudong , Keutgen Jens , Yu Yuan , Wuttig Matthias , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe thermoelectric compound (GeTe)x(AgSbTe2)1−x, in short (TAGS‐x), is investigated with a focus on two stoichiometries, i.e., TAGS‐50 and TAGS‐85. TAGS‐85 is currently one of the most studied thermoelectric materials with great potential for thermoelectric applications. Yet, surprisingly, the lowest thermal conductivity is measured for TAGS‐50, instead of TAGS‐85. To explain this unexpected observation, atom probe tomography (APT) measurements are conducted on both samples, revealing clusters of various compositions and sizes. The most important role is attributed to Ag2Te nanoprecipitates (NPs) found in TAGS‐50. In contrast to the Ag2Te NPs, the matrix reveals an unconventional bond breaking mechanism. More specifically, a high probability of multiple events (PME) of ≈60% is observed for the matrix by APT. Surprisingly, the PME value decreases abruptly to ≈20–30% for the Ag2Te NPs. These differences can be attributed to differences in chemical bonding. The precipitates' PME value is indicative of normal bonding, i.e., covalent bonding with normal optical modes, while materials with this unconventional bond breaking found in the matrix are characterized by metavalent bonding. This implies that the interface between the metavalently bonded matrix and covalently bonded Ag2Te NP is partly responsible for the reduced thermal conductivity in TAGS‐50.
Dual‐Scale Nanostructures via Evaporative Assembly
Authors: Srivastava Sunita , Wahith Zaibudeen A. , Gang Oleg , Colosqui Carlos E. , Bhatia Surita R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDual‐scale hierarchical structures with regular microscale patterns and varying degree of nanoscale crystalline order are synthesized on physically and chemically homogeneous substrates by evaporative self‐assembly with a suspension of DNA‐functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) with a charged core shell. For a certain NP concentration range, periodic concentric rings in a stripe‐like micropattern are produced over macroscale surface areas by an NP monolayer with hexagonal lattice structure at the nanoscale. The stripe width, spacing, and nanoparticle ordering can be controlled by varying the NP concentration. The results indicate that the interplay between “stick‐slip” motion of the droplet contact line and coulombic and steric NP interactions control the formation of the observed structures. A simple analytical model is proposed to account for the experimental observations and guide the future design of different nanostructure morphologies. This work demonstrates a simple cost‐effective mask‐free method for fabricating large‐area nanostructured 2D materials and metasurfaces for applications ranging from energy conversion/storage to optoelectronics and nanophotonics.