bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distress tolerance and special alcohol metacognitions behave differently in the association of negative affect with alcohol‐related patterns in men with problematic alcohol use in the abstinence phase
Authors: Khosravani Vahid , Sharifi Bastan Farangis , Kolubinski Daniel C. , Amirinezhad Ali , Ghorbani Fatemeh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNegative affect may be related to alcohol‐related patterns (e.g., craving and problematic alcohol use). Distress intolerance and positive and negative alcohol‐related metacognitions may be underlying mechanisms in this link. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of negative affect including depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms on alcohol craving and problematic alcohol use via the paths of distress tolerance and both positive and negative alcohol‐related metacognitions. Three hundred men with problematic alcohol use during the abstinence phase completed psychological and clinical measures. Results showed that craving and negative alcohol metacognitions mediated the relationship between negative affect and problematic alcohol use. Negative affect had a direct and positive effect on craving and indirect effect via distress intolerance and positive alcohol metacognitions. In turn, distress intolerance and positive alcohol metacognitions indirectly and positively affected problematic alcohol use via craving. The study indicates that distress tolerance and distinct alcohol metacognitions may be differently related to various patterns of alcohol‐related problems, such that alcohol drinkers with high levels of negative affect, distress intolerance, and positive alcohol metacognitions show higher levels of craving, while high negative affect in relation to high negative alcohol metacognitions and alcohol craving is related to the perpetuation of alcohol use or problematic alcohol use.
Direct MOCVD Growth of Iron Oxide on Three‐Dimensional Nickel Foam as Electrode for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Stienen Christian , Bendt Georg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIron oxide thin films were grown directly on three‐dimensional nickel foam via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in the temperature range of 250–450 °C using Fe(CO)5 as precursor. Iron oxide (α‐Fe2O3) films were formed at low substrate temperatures (250–350 °C), whereas the additional growth of an underlying NiO film occurred at substrate temperatures above 350 °C. The electrochemical activities of the as‐formed binder‐free and noble metal‐free electrodes were tested for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. An overpotential reduced by 250 mV at a current density of 50 mA cm−2 and a lower Tafel slope of 55 mV dec−1 compared to bare nickel foam were found for the best‐performing electrocatalyst, while the long‐term stability of the as‐formed electrodes was proven by chronopotentiometry. The surface morphology of the iron oxide films was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, whereas the crystallographic phase as well as the elemental composition were determined by X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry in the pre‐ and the post‐catalytic state.
Digital current‐limited sliding‐mode control for synchronous buck converter with curved switching surface
Authors: Li Jinghao , Wu Aiguo 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this paper, a digital current‐limited sliding‐mode control (DCLSMC) for synchronous buck converter with curved switching surface is proposed. First, by discretizing the derivatives of a hybrid switching surface (SS) (consisting of second‐order and first‐order SS) and utilizing the reaching law method, a discrete‐time sliding‐mode control (SMC) is derived. Then, this SMC is integrated with a current‐limited control to construct the DCLSMC. Simulation results show that it can provide a current‐limited near‐time‐optimal dynamic response. The proposed SMC is implemented by pulse‐width modulation (PWM) technique, so it can provide a fixed switching frequency and has a low sampling requirement. The reachability of the SS for the proposed SMC and the stability of the quasi‐sliding mode motion is proven. Moreover, an additional PI control is introduced to eliminate the steady‐state error, and some implementation issues are discussed. Experimental results are given to verify the high dynamic performance and practical value of the proposed method.
Lupus IgG deposition causes arthritis but inhibits bone destruction through competitive occupation of FcγRI and reduced RANKL signalling
Authors: Qiao Wei , Ding Huimin , Zuo Yuyue , Jiang Lijuan , Zhou Jiayuan , Han Xiaoxiao , Yu Likai , Du Rong , M Hedrich Christian , Deng Guo‐Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesBone destruction is a remarkable feature of inflammatory arthritis. It remains unknown why arthritis associated with the systemic autoimmune/inflammatory condition systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) does not result in erosion and destruction. We aimed to determine the role of autoantibody in the pathogenesis of non‐erosive arthritis in SLE.MethodsWe analysed medical record of SLE patients, investigated whether autoantibody induces arthritis lacking bone destruction in animal models and determined whether SLE autoantibody inhibits osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKLin vitroexperiments.ResultsWe found that arthritis lacking bone erosions is common in SLE patients and lupus‐prone mice. Intraarticular injection of lupus serum or IgG induces immune complex deposition and arthritis, but does not result in bone destruction. Deposition of IgG, monocytes/macrophages and TNF‐α is all required for the development of arthritis. Lupus serum or IgG inhibits RANKL‐induced differentiation of monocytes into osteoclast in a dose‐dependent manner. FcγR acts as co‐receptors for RANKL and is involved in osteoclastogenesis. Deficiency of FcγRII or FcγRIII does not affect osteoclastogenesis in the presence of SLE IgG. However, lupus IgG competes for FcγRI binding with RANKL, thereby reducing osteoclastogenesis.ConclusionObservations from this study demonstrate that IgG from SLE patients can induce arthritis and inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis through competitive occupation of FcγRI on monocytes/macrophages. This study improves the understanding of the pathophysiology of SLE‐associated arthritis and offers a protective mechanism (FcγRI inhibition) that may be targeted in other forms of autoimmune/inflammatory arthritis, such as RA, to prevent or limit bone erosion and inflammatory bone loss.
Antibody seroconversion in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)
Authors: Jiang Chuanhao , Wang Yali , Hu Min , Wen Lingjun , Wen Chuan , Wang Yang , Zhu Weihong , Tai Shi , Jiang Zhongbiao , Xiao Kui , Faria Nuno Rodrigues , De Clercq Erik , Xu Junmei , Li Guangdi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesAsymptomatic and symptomatic patients may transmit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), but their clinical features and immune responses remain largely unclear. We aimed to characterise the clinical features and immune responses of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsWe collected clinical, laboratory and epidemiological records of patients hospitalised in a coronavirus field hospital in Wuhan. We performed qualitative detection of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) using archived blood samples.ResultsOf 214 patients with SARS‐CoV‐2, 26 (12%) were asymptomatic at hospital admission and during hospitalisation. Most asymptomatic patients were ≤ 60 years (96%) and females (65%) and had few comorbidities (< 16%). Serum levels of white and red blood cells were higher in asymptomatic than in symptomatic patients (P‐values < 0.05). During hospitalisation, IgG seroconversion was commonly observed in both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients (85% versus 94%, P‐value = 0.07); in contrast, IgM seroconversion was less common in asymptomatic than in symptomatic patients (31% versus 74%, P‐value < 0.001). The median time from the first virus‐positive screening to IgG or IgM seroconversion was significantly shorter in asymptomatic than in symptomatic patients (median: 7 versus 14 days, P‐value < 0.01). Furthermore, IgG/IgM seroconversion rates increased concomitantly with the clearance of SARS‐CoV‐2 in both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. At the time of virus clearance, IgG/IgM titres and plasma neutralisation capacity were significantly lower in recovered asymptomatic than in recovered symptomatic patients (P‐values < 0.01).ConclusionAsymptomatic and symptomatic patients exhibited different kinetics of IgG/IgM responses to SARS‐CoV‐2. Asymptomatic patients may transmit SARS‐CoV‐2, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
In vivo and in vitro activation of dormant primordial follicles by EGF treatment in mouse and human
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Yan Lei , Wang Yibo , Zhang Shuo , Xu Xueqiang , Dai Yanli , Zhao Shidou , Li Zhen , Zhang Yan , Xia Guoliang , Qin Yingying , Zhang Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the mammalian ovaries, dormant primordial follicles represent the reproductive reserve of individual females. Recently, stimulating the activation of primordial follicles in vitro has been practiced, making the utilization of those dormant follicles to treat female infertility possible. However, there are still lacks of effective upstream molecule and strategy to elevate follicle activation in vivo. In the current study, we revealed that growth factor EGF improved a transiently primordial follicle activation in mice by elevating the CDC42‐PI3K signaling activity, and EGF treatment also improved the activation and development of human follicles in ovarian cortical pieces. Using a liquid‐solid phase transition bio‐gel as a carrier, an efficient in vivo activation system was established by ovarian topical EGF administration to living mice. We found that EGF treatment led to an increase of primordial follicle activation in short time but had no effect on long‐term fertility in females. By establishing an inducible premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) mouse model through selectively ablating growing follicles in Zp3‐Cre;iDTR mice, we further revealed that our in vivo EGF treatment system improved primordial follicle activation and ovulation of POI ovaries significantly. Taken together, our results revealed that in situ ovarian EGF administration could improve the activation of primordial follicles in living animals, and manipulating activation and development of primordial follicles in vivo might be an efficient approach to improve reproductive health in women.
How useful are cervical Pap smears in detecting endometrial carcinomas? A tertiary cancer center experience
Authors: Mehta Shailee P. , Patel Trupti S. , Jana Torsha , Samanta Satarupa T. , Malvania Rujuta , Trivedi Priti P. , Girdher Swati 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the role of routine cervical Pap smears in detecting endometrial carcinomas.MethodA retrospective study was carried out from the histopathology archives for cases diagnosed as endometrial carcinomas with Pap smears within 6 months before histological diagnosis. The demographic details, reports of Pap smears and other tumor parameters on histopathology were noted.ResultsWe identified 380 of 482 cases of endometrial carcinoma with a documented Pap smear within 6 months before histopathogical diagnosis. Out of 380 cases, 187 cases (49.2%) had shown abnormalities on Pap smear of which 80 cases (42%) were diagnosed as atypical glandular cells and 78 cases (41.7%) were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. The presence of glandular abnormality on Pap smear significantly correlated with the tumor type, myometrial invasion and cervical involvement on histopathology (P < .05). Cases which had higher FIGO staging also had a higher detection rate on Pap smear (P < .05).ConclusionThe Pap smear may help in detection of endometrial carcinoma especially in cases with type 2 endometrial carinomas, tumor with cervical involvement and/or advanced FIGO stage.
Bias in self‐reported parasite data from the salmon farming industry
Authors: Godwin Sean C. , Krkošek Martin , Reynolds John D. , Bateman Andrew W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany industries are required to monitor themselves in meeting regulatory policies intended to protect the environment. Self‐reporting of environmental performance can place the cost of monitoring on companies rather than taxpayers, but there are obvious risks of bias, often addressed through external audits or inspections. Surprisingly, there have been relatively few empirical analyses of bias in industry self‐reported data. Here, we test for bias in reporting of environmental compliance data using a unique data set from Canadian salmon farms, where companies monitor the number of parasitic sea lice on fish in open sea pens, in order to minimize impacts on wild fish in surrounding waters. We fit a hierarchical population‐dynamics model to these sea‐louse count data using a Bayesian approach. We found that the industry's monthly counts of two sea‐louse species, Caligus clemensi and Lepeophtheirus salmonis, increased by a factor of 1.95 (95% credible interval: 1.57, 2.42) and 1.18 (1.06, 1.31), respectively, in months when counts were audited by the federal fisheries department. Consequently, industry sea‐louse counts are less likely to trigger costly but mandated delousing treatments intended to avoid sea‐louse epidemics in wild juvenile salmon. These results highlight the potential for combining external audits of industry self‐reported data with analyses of their reporting to maintain compliance with regulations, achieve intended conservation goals, and build public confidence in the process.
Non‐marine turtle plays important functional roles in Indonesian ecosystems
Authors: Karraker Nancy E. , Dikari Kusrini Mirza , Atutubo Jessica R. , Healey Ryan M. , Yusratul Aini 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Southeast Asian box turtle (Cuora amboinensis) is numerically the most important turtle exported from Indonesia. Listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN, this turtle is heavily harvested and exported for food and traditional medicine in China and for the pet trade primarily in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Despite its significance in global markets, relatively little is known about the species’ ecology or importance to ecosystems. We conducted our research in a national park in Sulawesi, Indonesia, and our objectives were to quantify trophic breadth, capacity for seed dispersal between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and whether ingestion of seeds by C. amboinensis enhances germination. We obtained diet samples from 200 individual turtles and found that the species is omnivorous, exhibiting an ontogenetic shift from more carnivorous to more omnivorous. Both subadults and adults scavenged on other vertebrates. In a seed passage experiment, turtles passed seeds for 2‒9 days after ingestion. Radio‐tracked turtles moved, on average, about 35 m per day, indicating that seeds from ingested fruits, given seed passage durations, could be dispersed 70‒313 m from the parent tree and potentially between wetland and upland ecosystems. In a seed germination experiment, we found that ingestion of seeds by turtles enhanced germination, as compared with control seeds, for four of six plant species tested. Of these, two are common in the national park, making up a significant proportion of plant biomass in lowland swamp forest and around ephemeral pools in savanna, and are highly valued outside of the park for their lumber for construction of houses, furniture, and boats. Protection of C. amboinensis populations may be important for maintaining trophic linkages that benefit biodiversity, communities, and local economies.
Contrasting population structure and demographic history of cereal aphids in different environmental and agricultural landscapes
Authors: Morales‐Hojas Ramiro , Sun Jingxuan , Alvira Iraizoz Fernando , Tan Xiaoling , Chen Julian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGenetic diversity of populations has important ecological and evolutionary consequences, whose understanding is fundamental to improve the sustainability of agricultural production. Studies of how differences in agricultural management and environment influence the population structure of insect pests are central to predict outbreaks and optimize control programs. Here, we have studied the population genetic diversity and evolution of Sitobion avenae and Sitobion miscanthi, which are among the most relevant aphid pests of cereals across Europe and Asia, respectively. We have used genotyping by sequencing (GBS) to identify genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to infer the geographic structure and migration patterns. In the present study, we show that the population structure in present‐day populations is different from that described in previous studies, which suggest that they have evolved recently possibly as a response to human‐induced changes in agriculture. This study shows that S. avenae in England is predominantly parthenogenetic and there has been a demographic and spatial expansion of a single genetic cluster, which could correspond with the insecticide resistance superclone identified in previous studies. Conversely, in China, S. miscanthi populations are mostly cyclical parthenogenetic, with one sexual stage in autumn to produce overwintering eggs, and there are six genetically differentiated subpopulations and high genetic differentiation between geographic locations, which suggests that further taxonomical research is needed. Unlike S. avenae in England, there is no evidence for insecticide resistance and there is no predominance of a single lineage in S. miscanthi in China.
The post hoc measurement as a safe and reliable method to age and size plethodontid salamanders
Authors: Lunghi Enrico , Giachello Simone , Manenti Raoul , Zhao Yahui , Corti Claudia , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Bradley Joseph Gavin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe worldwide biodiversity crisis with the resulting need to increase species protection has led researchers to pursue and select survey methods that guarantee the best quality of data and produce the least negative effects on wild animals. Plethodontids are the most diverse family of salamanders; all species are very sensitive to human handling and noninvasive, but accurate, measurement methods are needed to reduce researchers’ impact. Here, we tested the reliability of a noninvasive post hoc method in estimating the snout–vent length (SVL) from photographs showing salamanders’ dorsal view. The correlation between the estimated snout–vent length (SVLe) and the conventional SVL was high (R2m = .81), and no significant difference occurred between operators with different experience. Finally, we list the numerous advantages for the use of SVLe in terms of data quality and in reducing the stress caused to wild animals.
Survival and cause‐specific mortality of harvested willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) in central Norway
Authors: Israelsen Markus F. , Eriksen Lasse F. , Moa Pål F. , Hagen Bjørn R. , Nilsen Erlend B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSurvival is a key demographic component that often varies as a result of human activities such as recreational harvest. Detailed understanding of seasonal variation in mortality patterns and the role of various risk factors is thus crucial for understanding the link between environmental variation and wildlife population dynamics and to design sustainable harvest management systems. Here, we report from a detailed seasonal and cause‐specific decomposition of mortality risks in willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) in central Norway. The analyses are based on radio‐collared (n = 188) birds that were monitored across all seasons, and we used time‐to‐event models for competing risks to estimate mortality patterns. Overall, annual survival was estimated at 0.43 (SE: 0.04), with no distinct difference among years (2015/16 to 2018/19) or between sexes. Analysis of mortality risk factors revealed that on the annual basis, the risk of harvest mortality was lower than the risk of dying from natural causes. However, during the autumn harvest season (September–November), survival was low and the dominating cause of mortality was harvest. During winter (December–March) and spring seasons (April–May), survival was in general high and did not vary between males and females. However, during the spring season, juveniles (i.e., birds born last year) of both sexes had lower survival than adults, potentially because they are more prone to predation. During the summer season (June–August), females experienced a higher hazard than males, underlining the greater parental investment of females during egg production, incubation, and chick rearing compared to males. Our analyses provide unique insight into demographic and seasonal patterns in willow ptarmigan mortality risks in a harvested population and revealed a complex interplay across seasons, risk factors, and demographic classes. Such insight is valuable when designing sustainable management plans in a world undergoing massive environmental perturbations.
Evolutionary trade‐offs may interact with physiological constraints to maintain color variation
Authors: Goedert Debora , Clement Dale , Calsbeek Ryan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnimal coloration is a multifaceted trait with many ecological roles and related to a variety of developmental and physiological processes. Consequently, coloration is often subject to a variety of selective pressures, leading to the evolutionary maintenance of variation. In this study, we investigated hypotheses related to the maintenance of dorsal color variation in wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). First, we tested for multimodality, and whether color correlates with body size or condition or varies by sex or age class. We combined behavioral trials with visual modeling to test for sex recognition. We also considered visual models for predators and tested for an interaction between discriminability indexes (JND) of color channel (chromatic vs. achromatic) and predator type (birds vs. snakes), as well as for a within individual trade‐off between the JND of chromatic and achromatic coloration. Finally, we tested for disruptive viability selection on color using predation trials, and for antagonistic directional selection between viability selection and reproductive investment of females. We found that wood frogs present continuous color variation that does not correlate with body size or condition, but that changes with age. Wood frogs present subtle sexual dichromatism, but we found no evidence for a role of color in sex recognition. Instead, we discuss the possibility that sex differences might, at least in part, have a demographic explanation. Predator visual models indicated that wood frogs cannot solely rely on dorsal coloration for camouflage. Moreover, different predators might present selective pressures in different color channels, while individuals’ achromatic and chromatic coloration trade‐off in JND. Therefore, different selective pressures caused by different predators might interact with ontogenetic changes and developmental/physiological trade‐offs to maintain color variation. We found no relationship between color and survival or reproductive investment, suggesting further work is required to fully understand selection on color. Our results highlight the importance of understanding evolutionary trade‐offs and developmental/physiological constraints in combination with one another, and suggest the potential for an interaction between these proximate and ultimate mechanisms in the evolutionary maintenance of variation. These results likely extend beyond color expression in amphibians, and exemplify a more general process for such evolutionary outcomes.