bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous iron and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Santer Peter , McGahey Anne , Frise Matthew C , Petousi Nayia , Talbot Nick P , Baskerville Richard , Bafadhel Mona , Nickol Annabel H , Robbins Peter A 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundIncreased iron availability modifies cardiorespiratory function in healthy volunteers and improves exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure or pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesised that intravenous iron would produce improvements in oxygenation, exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsWe performed a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in 48 participants with COPD (mean±SD: age 69±8 years, haemoglobin 144.8±13.2 g/L, ferritin 97.1±70.0 µg/L, transferrin saturation 31.3%±15.2%; GOLD grades II–IV), each of whom received a single dose of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM; 15 mg/kg bodyweight) or saline placebo. The primary endpoint was peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) at rest after 1 week. The secondary endpoints included daily SpO2, overnight SpO2, exercise SpO2, 6 min walk distance, symptom and quality of life scores, serum iron indices, spirometry, echocardiographic measures, and exacerbation frequency.ResultsSpO2was unchanged 1 week after FCM administration (difference between groups 0.8%, 95% CI −0.2% to 1.7%). However, in secondary analyses, exercise capacity increased significantly after FCM administration, compared with placebo, with a mean difference in 6 min walk distance of 12.6 m (95% CI 1.6 to 23.5 m). Improvements of ≥40 m were observed in 29.2% of iron-treated and 0% of placebo-treated participants after 1 week (p=0.009). Modified MRC Dyspnoea Scale score was also significantly lower after FCM, and fewer participants reported scores ≥2 in the FCM group, compared with placebo (33.3% vs 66.7%, p=0.02). No significant differences were observed in other secondary endpoints. Adverse event rates were similar between groups, except for hypophosphataemia, which occurred more frequently after FCM (91.7% vs 8.3%, p<0.001).ConclusionsFCM did not improve oxygenation over 8 weeks in patients with COPD. However, this treatment was well tolerated and produced improvements in exercise capacity and functional limitation caused by breathlessness. These effects on secondary endpoints require confirmation in future studies.Trial registration numberISRCTN09143837.
Deaths from heart failure and cancer: location trends
Authors: Shahid Izza , Kumar Pankaj , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Arif Abdul Wahab , Farooq Muhammad Zain , Khan Safi U , Davis Dorothy M , Michos Erin D , Krasuski Richard A 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundIncreasing utilisation of hospice services has been a major focus in oncology, while only recently have cardiologists realised the similar needs of dying patients with heart failure (HF). We examined recent trends in locations of deaths in these two patient populations to gain further insight.MethodsComplete population-level data were obtained from the Mortality Multiple Cause-of-Death Public Use Record from the National Center for Health Statistics database, from 2013 to 2017. Location of death was categorised as hospital, home, hospice facility or nursing facility. Demographic characteristics evaluated by place of death included age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status and education, and a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to analyse possible associations.ResultsAmong 2 780 715 deaths from cancer, 27% occurred in-hospital and 14% in nursing facilities; while among 335 350 HF deaths, 27% occurred in-hospital and 30% in nursing facilities. Deaths occurred at hospice facilities in 14% of patients with cancer, compared with just 8.7% in HF (p=0.001). For both patients with HF and cancer, the proportion of at-home and in-hospice deaths increased significantly over time, with majority of deaths occurring at home. In both cancer and HF, patients of non-Hispanic ethnicity (cancer: OR 1.29, (1.27 to 1.31), HF: OR 1.14, (1.07 to 1.22)) and those with some college education (cancer: OR 1.10, (1.09 to 1.11); HF: OR 1.06, (1.04 to 1.09)) were significantly more likely to die in hospice.ConclusionDeaths in hospital or nursing facilities still account for nearly half of cancer or HF deaths. Although positive trends were seen with utilisation of hospice facilities in both groups, usage remains low and much remains to be achieved in both patient populations.
GP prescribing in Northern Ireland by deprivation index: retrospective analysis
Authors: Frazer John Scott , Frazer Glenn Ross 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveIn the present study, we sought to explore the relationship between socioeconomic status and prescribing magnitude and cost in primary care throughout Northern Ireland.DesignWe performed a retrospective data analysis of general practitioner (GP) prescribing using open-source databases with data collected from May to October 2019 to determine the number of prescriptions and cost of drugs and drug classes by area, ranking these by deprivation index. We used Kendall’s tau to quantify the relationship between prescribing and deprivation.SettingWe analysed open-source data collected from 325 GP practices in Northern Ireland during the period from May to October 2019.ParticipantsWe analysed a total of 2 764 303 prescriptions signed during our study period.ResultsOur study indicates a clear trend of increased overall spending per patient (r=−0.1232, p=0.02) and number of prescriptions per patient (r=−0.3440, p<0.001) in areas of higher deprivation. The mean cost per item was higher in less deprived areas (r=0.3809, p<0.001). Overall, £13.79 more was spent and 3.5 more items were prescribed per patient in the most compared with the least deprived decile, although more expensive items tended to be prescribed in areas with lower socioeconomic deprivation (£11.27 per item vs £9.20 per item). We found a statistically significant correlation of prescribing of key drug classes, such as bronchodilators, antidepressants and drugs used to treat diabetes, among others, with greater deprivation. Prescribing of vaccines and drugs used in the treatment of glaucoma was correlated with lower deprivation.ConclusionWe provide an exploration of the correlation of prescribing with deprivation by analysing all prescriptions signed within a 6-month period in Northern Ireland. Our study broadly agrees with published literature, although a few notable exceptions are highlighted. We provide evidence of discrepancies in medication cost between areas of differing deprivation and suggest possible explanations for these trends. This information will be valuable for future investigation of disease prevalence, as well as targeting of patient education and future funding.
Pulmonary function and high-resolution computed tomography in outdoor rock drillers exposed to crystalline silica
Authors: Ulvestad Bente , Ulvestad Mariann , Skaugset Nils Petter , Aaløkken Trond Mogens , Günther Anne , Clemm Thomas , Lund May Brit , Ellingsen Dag Gunnar 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease and silicosis are associated with exposure to crystalline silica. We determined the exposure to respirable crystalline silica and estimated exposure–response relationships between cumulative exposure and pulmonary function in outdoor rock drillers.Methods136 rock drillers and 48 referents were recruited from three heavy construction companies. 98 air samples were collected by personal sampling for determination of respirable particulate matter and crystalline silica. Information about individual job tasks, type of drilling equipment and years of exposure in different job categories was obtained by interview. Cumulative exposure to crystalline silica was calculated for all workers. Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry. A subgroup of 39 subjects with high cumulative exposure to crystalline silica underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).ResultsCumulative exposure (mean (min–max)) to crystalline silica was 0.69 mg٠years m–3(0.01–5.89) in the exposed group. Mean time of exposure among rock drillers was 10.7 years (1–42). Compared with referents, the rock drillers had a lower forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio (79.4 vs 81.4, p<0.05) and maximal mid-expiratory flow% (85.6 vs 93.9, p<0.05). Further, by stratifying the exposed workers into three equally large groups, a dose–response relationship was demonstrated in the highest exposed group, also in never smokers, at a mean cumulative exposure of 21.7 years at 0.08 mg٠m–3/years. Silicosis was not detected in HRCT, but other patterns of fibrosis and emphysema were seen.ConclusionsOutdoor rock drillers exposed to crystalline silica had significantly lower pulmonary function than referents, and signs of airflow obstruction. Silicosis was not detected.
Veterinarians and impostor syndrome: an exploratory study
Authors: Kogan Lori R , Schoenfeld‐Tacher Regina , Hellyer Peter , Grigg Emma K , Kramer Emily 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundImpostor syndrome (IS) is the tendency to doubt one's abilities despite positive evidence to the contrary. Individuals with IS are afraid of being discovered as intellectual frauds and attribute their successes to external qualities.MethodsAn international study explored the prevalence and severity of IS in practicing veterinarians. An anonymous survey consisting of the 20‐question Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale, plus additional demographic and work‐related questions, was distributed online.ResultsA total of 941 practicing veterinarians responded. Overall, 631 participants (68 per cent) met or exceeded the clinical cut‐off score for IS. Ordinal regressions found that residing in New Zealand (NZ) or the UK, being female or having been in practice for less than five years increased the odds of having a high IS score. The effect of these factors on the perceived degree of impact of IS on participants’ professional and personal life was also explored. Women, UK residents and new practitioners reported higher levels of impact in their professional life. However, sex and country of residence did not affect the degree of impact on participants’ personal life.ConclusionVeterinarians in general have an alarmingly high prevalence of IS with young, female graduates practising in the UK and NZ at increased risk.
Associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and urinary oxidized guanine in colorectal cancer patients: results from the ColoCare Study
Authors: Viskochil Richard , Gigic Biljana , Lin Tengda , Skender Stephanie , Böhm Jürgen , Schrotz-King Petra , Steindorf Karen , Owen Robert , Figueiredo Jane C. , Li Christopher I. , Siegel Erin M. , Hardikar Sheetal , Shibata David , Toriola Adetunji T. , Schneider Martin , Ulrich Alexis , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Ose Jennifer 
Published: June 2020

To determine associations between physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and oxidative stress in colorectal cancer patients, ColoCare Study participants in Germany wore an accelerometer 6 and/or 12 months after surgery. Spearman partial correlations were used to assess associations between PA and urinary concentrations of oxidized guanine, a validated marker of oxidative stress. There were no significant associations between PA or SB and oxidized guanine in n = 76 measurements (ng/mg creatinine; r = 0.03, p = 0.76 for PA, r = –0.05, p = 0.69 for SB). Novelty Objectively measured PA was not associated with a marker of oxidative stress in colorectal cancer patients.
Observational constraints on the non-flat $$\Lambda CDM$$ model and a null test using the transition redshift
Authors: Velasquez-Toribio A. M. , Magnago A. dos R 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA natural extension of the standard cosmological model are models that include curvature as a free parameter. In this work we study in detail the observational constraints on the non-flat$$\Lambda CDM$$ΛCDMmodel using the two main geometric tests: SNIa and Hubble parameter measurements. In general we show that the observational constraints on the parameters of the$$\Lambda CDM$$ΛCDMmodel strongly depend on the curvature parameter. In particular, we study the constraints on the transition redshift ($$z_{t}$$zt) of a universe dominated by matter for a universe dominated by the cosmological constant. Using this observable we construct a new null test defining$$\zeta = z_{t, flat}-z_{t, non flat}$$ζ=zt,flat-zt,nonflat. This test depends only on the data of the Hubble parameter, the Hubble constant and the matter density parameter. However, it does not depend on derivative of an observable as generally many tests in the literature. To reconstruct this test, we use the Gaussian process method. When we use the best-fit parameters values ofPLANCK/2018, we find no evidence of a disagreement between the data and the standard model (flat$$\Lambda CDM$$ΛCDM), but if we use the value$$H_{0}$$H0fromRIESS/2018 we found a disagreement with respect at the standard model. However, it is important to note that the Hubble parameter data has large errors for a solid statistical analysis.
Power spectrum of stochastic wave and diffusion equations in the warm inflation models
Authors: Haba Z. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe discuss dissipative stochastic wave and diffusion equations resulting from an interaction of the inflaton with an environment in an external expanding homogeneous metric. We show that a diffusion equation well approximates the wave equation in a strong friction limit. We calculate the long wave power spectrum of the wave equation under the assumption that the perturbations are slowly varying in time and the expansion is almost exponential. Under the assumption that the noise has a form invariant under the coordinate transformations we obtain the power spectrum close to the scale invariant one. In the diffusion approximation we go beyond the slow variation assumption. We calculate the power spectrum exactly in models with exponential inflation and polynomial potentials and with power-law inflation and exponential potentials.
Sublimation of Li@C60
Authors: Campbell Eleanor E. B. , Chandler Henry J. , Schaub Renald 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Experiments that probe the fundamental properties of endohedral fullerenes often require the preparation of molecular beams or thin films of the neutral molecules. It is challenging to cleanly sublime this class of molecules without producing some thermal degradation. We report combined gas phase and scanning tunnelling microscopy studies that probe the thermal decay of commercial [Li+C60]PF6- in a quartz ampoule and provide treatment conditions that will allow the sublimation of intact, neutral Li@C60 accompanied by a well-characterised component of neutral C60. The decay of the material at appropriate temperatures can be modelled with the assumption of a second order decay process in the oven yielding Arrhenius parameters that can predict the ratio of Li@C60 to C60 in the sublimed material.

Graphical abstract
Eileen Mary Lind Hendriks (1887–1978), whose meticulous research resolved the Paleozoic stratigraphy and structure of SW England
Authors: Mather John D. , Bennett Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hendriks was born in Birmingham, the only child of a prosperous middle-class family. Following the early death of her father she studied geology at Aberystwyth before moving to Belfast, with her widowed mother, as senior demonstrator in the Geology Department. She resigned after a year and subsequently tried unsuccessfully to obtain a permanent post as a geologist, including attempting to join what is now the British Geological Survey. Mapping first in mid-Wales and then in SW England she became an accomplished field geologist, gaining a PhD from Imperial College, London in 1932. Finding fragments of fossil wood in apparently barren sediments, she demonstrated their Devonian age and recognized the presence of thrusting which introduced Ordovician and Silurian rocks into the sequence. Moving permanently to Cornwall in 1938–39, and seeking help from specialists throughout the world, she devoted the rest of her long life to geology, without any institutional support. She received awards from the Geological Society of London and the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall. Living in isolated cottages with her Alsatian dogs, she became respected by the young researchers who flocked to SW England from 1955 onwards, as the energetic doyenne of Cornish geology
A pioneering geophysicist: Rosemary Hutton
Authors: Hobbs Bruce A. , Jones Alan G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Violet Rosemary Strachan Hutton (‘Rosemary’) graduated from St Andrews University in 1948 and a few years thereafter embarked upon a pioneering career in geophysics, a rare and challenging choice for a single woman at that time. Her impressive research career, starting in 1954, was largely devoted to the investigation of how geophysical methods, in particular electromagnetic techniques, could reveal the structure of the Earth's continental crust and upper mantle. She spent 15 years in Africa at the universities of Ghana, Zaria and Ibadan. Working in comparative isolation, she studied the equatorial electrojet and micropulsations and produced 13 high-quality papers of which three, including her first, were published in
Nature
. This demonstrated a remarkable combination of resourcefulness and self-reliance. In 1969, she joined the University of Edinburgh Geophysics Department and remained at the cutting edge of her science until retirement, investigating crustal electrical conductivity structure, continental rift systems, geothermal regions, geomagnetic source fields and the closure of the Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean. She inaugurated the now highly-successful biennial series of Workshops on Electromagnetic Induction – a high point in the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy calendar. To recognize her contributions, the ‘V.R.S Hutton Symposium’ was held by the European Geophysical Society in 1992. She was elected Fellow of the Institute of Physics and Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in recognition of her pioneering and outstanding contributions.
Succinct Range Filters
Authors: Zhang Huanchen , Lim Hyeontaek , Leis Viktor , Andersen David G. , Kaminsky Michael , Keeton Kimberly , Pavlo Andrew 
Published: June 2020

We present the
Succinct Range Filter
(SuRF), a fast and compact data structure for approximate membership tests. Unlike traditional Bloom filters, SuRF supports both single-key lookups and common range queries: open-range queries, closed-range queries, and range counts. SuRF is based on a new data structure called the
Fast Succinct Trie (FST)
that matches the point and range query performance of state-of-the-art order-preserving indexes, while consuming only 10 bits per trie node. The false-positive rates in SuRF for both point and range queries are tunable to satisfy different application needs. We evaluate SuRF in RocksDB as a replacement for its Bloom filters to reduce I/O by filtering requests before they access on-disk data structures. Our experiments on a 100-GB dataset show that replacing RocksDB’s Bloom filters with SuRFs speeds up open-seek (without upper-bound) and closed-seek (with upper-bound) queries by up to 1.5× and 5× with a modest cost on the worst-case (all-missing) point query throughput due to slightly higher false-positive rate.
MiSoSouP
Authors: Riondato Matteo , Vandin Fabio 
Published: June 2020

We present MiSoSouP, a suite of algorithms for extracting high-quality approximations of the most interesting subgroups, according to different popular interestingness measures, from a random sample of a transactional dataset. We describe a new formulation of these measures as functions of averages, that makes it possible to approximate them using sampling. We then discuss how pseudodimension, a key concept from statistical learning theory, relates to the sample size needed to obtain an high-quality approximation of the most interesting subgroups. We prove an upper bound on the pseudodimension of the problem at hand, which depends on characteristic quantities of the dataset and of the language of patterns of interest. This upper bound then leads to small sample sizes. Our evaluation on real datasets shows that MiSoSouP outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms offering the same guarantees, and it vastly speeds up the discovery of subgroups w.r.t. analyzing the whole dataset.
Performance Analysis of ACTE
Authors: Bentaleb Abdelhak , Timmerer Christian , Begen Ali C. , Zimmermann Roger 
Published: June 2020

HTTP adaptive streaming with chunked transfer encoding can offer low-latency streaming without sacrificing the coding efficiency. This allows media segments to be delivered while still being packaged. However, conventional schemes often make widely inaccurate bandwidth measurements due to the presence of idle periods between the chunks and hence this is causing sub-optimal adaptation decisions. To address this issue, we earlier proposed ACTE (ABR for Chunked Transfer Encoding) [6], a bandwidth prediction scheme for low-latency chunked streaming. While ACTE was a significant step forward, in this study we focus on two still remaining open areas, namely, (i) quantifying the impact of encoding parameters, including chunk and segment durations, bitrate levels, minimum interval between IDR-frames and frame rate on ACTE, and (ii) exploring the impact of video content complexity on ACTE. We thoroughly investigate these questions and report on our findings. We also discuss some additional issues that arise in the context of pursuing very low latency HTTP video streaming.
Novel Therapeutic Interventions Early in the Disease Trajectory: Drug Development Beyond the Refractory Setting
Authors: Hafez Navid , Rugo Hope S. , Tempero Margaret A. , Fox Elizabeth , Reaman Gregory H. , Lyerly Herbert Kim , Walker Desiree , LoRusso Patricia M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe 2019 Accelerating Anticancer Agent Development Workshop assembled a panel of experts for an in-depth discussion session to present “novel therapeutic interventions early in the disease trajectory.” The panel reviewed the limitations of evaluating investigational cancer therapeutics solely in advanced metastatic and relapsed/refractory disease settings, and recommended strategies for drug evaluation earlier in the disease course, including in the first line in combination with standard chemotherapy, and in the maintenance and neoadjuvant disease settings. Advantages of earlier drug evaluation were discussed, including expanding the population of evaluable patients, earlier response assessment via surrogate endpoints, earlier clinical benefit in the disease course, tailoring of therapies based on response, and furthering our understanding of biomarker-driven therapies.