bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of polymorphisms of canine Cytochrome P 450‐CYP2D15
Authors: van Hagen Marjan A. E. , Schipper Louska , Oosterveer‐van der Doelen Marjolein A. M. , Vos‐Loohuis Manon , Gehring Ronette , Leegwater Peter A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCytochrome P450 (CYP) proteins constitute a large ancient family of oxidative enzymes essential for the efficient elimination of a wide variety of clinically used drugs. Polymorphic variants of human CYP2D6 are associated with the conversion rate and efficacy of several drugs such as antidepressants. Polymorphisms of the canine orthologue CYP2D15 are of interest because these antidepressants are also used in dogs with behavioral problems and the outcome of the treatment is variable. However, the annotated CYP2D15 gene is incomplete and inaccurately assembled in CanFam3.1, hampering DNA sequence analysis of the gene in individual dogs. We elucidated the complete exon–intron structure of CYP2D15 to enable comprehensive genotyping of the gene using genomic DNA. We surveyed variations of the gene in four diverse dog breeds and identified novel polymorphisms in exon 2 in border collies. Further investigation to establish the impact of these canine CYP2D15 polymorphisms on interindividual variability in expression and function of this metabolizing enzyme is now feasible. Further knowledge of CYP pharmacogenetics will help individualize therapy and thereby increase therapeutic efficacy, especially in the use of antidepressants in veterinary behavioral medicine.
Sebelipase alfa for lysosomal acid lipase deficiency: 5‐year treatment experience from a phase 2 open‐label extension study
Authors: Malinová Vĕra , Balwani Manisha , Sharma Reena , Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Kane John , Whitley Chester B. , Marulkar Sachin , Abel Florian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsLysosomal acid lipase deficiency is characterized by hepatomegaly and dyslipidaemia, which can lead to cirrhosis and premature atherosclerosis. Sebelipase alfa is an approved recombinant human lysosomal acid lipase. In an open‐label extension study of adults with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL‐CL04), sebelipase alfa treatment for 1 year reduced serum transaminase levels and liver fat content and improved serum lipid levels.MethodsFinal data from LAL‐CL04 are reported herein for patients who received sebelipase alfa infusions (1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg every other week) for up to 5 years.ResultsOf 8 patients enrolled, 7 received sebelipase alfa for 224‐260 weeks; 1 was lost to follow‐up. Median baseline levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (81.5 and 50.0 U/L, respectively) were decreased through the end‐of‐study visit (54.0 and 34.0 U/L). Median low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased from 113 to 78 mg/dL, total cholesterol decreased from 171 to 132 mg/dL, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol increased from 37 to 42 mg/dL. Most treatment‐emergent adverse events were nonserious (99%), mild/moderate (98%) and unrelated to sebelipase alfa (87%); no patient discontinued as a result of treatment‐emergent adverse events. One patient had 2 serious treatment‐emergent adverse events (cholecystitis and cholelithiasis; assessed as unlikely related to sebelipase alfa). Two patients had 20 nonserious infusion‐associated reactions in weeks 6‐38; all were manageable. One patient tested positive for antidrug antibodies (single occurrence).ConclusionsSebelipase alfa was well tolerated and improved serum transaminase and lipid levels for up to 5 years in adults with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency.Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov record NCT01488097.
Overabundant wild ungulate populations in Europe: management with consideration of socio‐ecological consequences
Authors: Valente Ana M. , Acevedo Pelayo , Figueiredo Ana M. , Fonseca Carlos , Torres Rita T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThroughout recent years, ungulates have experienced significant increases in numbers and geographic range sizes in Europe, becoming locally overabundant populations in some regions. Changes in legislation regarding poaching, abandonment of land and re‐naturalisation of habitats, and decreasing numbers of hunters, among other things, have led to alarming scenarios in wild ungulate biology. Although ungulates bring some financial benefits for ecosystems and society through tourism and hunting, the problems associated with populations that are no longer controlled can outweigh the advantages. Damage to forestry and agriculture, ungulate‐vehicle collisions, and diseases are among the most concerning problems related to ungulate overabundance.To deal with these problems and to decide on the best management strategy to apply, it is essential to have tools available to monitor populations with an integrative approach based on ecological change indicators, and to assess population and ecosystem status. Furthermore, in a globalised world, people’s opinions matter, and sociological studies regarding human perception of wild mammals must take place in order to allow proper management, including consideration of people’s expectations as well as animal and ecosystem needs. Successful and unsuccessful management strategies have already been attempted, and the knowledge of consequences over time enables an adaptive approach.Management of ungulate populations is a complex subject, and each case should be studied, analysing the cost_performance balance of measures to be taken, and ensuring ongoing financial means to carry out and continue with successful ecosystem management strategies. Multidisciplinary teams should be built, including biologists, veterinarians, stakeholders, sociologists, and others, to deal with the management of European wild ungulate populations.
Identifying mesopredator release in multi‐predator systems: a review of evidence from North America
Authors: Jachowski David S. , Butler Andrew , Eng Robin Y.Y. , Gigliotti Laura , Harris Stephen , Williams Amanda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mesopredator release hypothesis, defined as the change in distribution, abundance or behaviour of a middle‐ranking predator in response to a decrease in density or distribution of an apex predator, is an increasingly popular topic in ecology. Terrestrial mesopredators have been reported as being released in multiple systems globally, particularly in North America, over the past century.We reviewed 2687 scientific articles, of which we determined that 38 met our criteria for investigating mesopredator release (MR) in terrestrial North American mammalian predators.We observed no support or mixed support for MR in 46% of all relevant studies, including conflicting evidence between measures (mesopredator distribution, abundance or behaviour) within a given study and among studies of the same community in different settings.To advance the study of MR, we provide a conceptual framework that 1) highlights the multiple spatial, temporal and ecological scales at which mesopredator responses can occur; 2) suggests the relative weight of evidence for MR that is provided by measures of mesopredator responses at each scale; and 3) clearly defines the threshold for determining when MR is occurring.In increasingly reshuffled predator communities with declining apex predators, there is a need for future studies to assess in more detail the contexts in which mesopredator behavioural responses scale up to the population‐level processes and species‐level distribution changes needed to identify these responses as MR.
Short, Heavy and Underrated? Teacher Assessment Biases by Children's Body Size
Authors: Black Nicole , de New Sonja C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe compare non‐blind teacher assessments with blind national test scores in maths to examine teacher‐test score disparities by children's height and weight. Relative to test scores, shorter and heavier children are rated less favourably by teachers. This teacher‐test score discrepancy cannot be explained by the child's behaviours, motivation to learn or cognitive ability. Unobserved student fixed effects across subjects explain the teacher‐test score discrepancy by height, but not weight. Our analysis points to biased teacher assessments as the most plausible explanation for the remaining teacher‐test score gap by weight. We find harsher teacher assessments are associated with a reduction in both the child's future test performance and liking for maths 4 years later.
The updated JSPGHAN guidelines for the management ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in childhood
Authors: Kato Seiichi , Shimizu Toshiaki , Toyoda Shigeru , Gold Benjamin D. , Ida Shinobu , Ishige Takashi , Fujimura Shigeru , Kamiya Shigeru , Konno Mutsuko , Kuwabara Kentaro , Ushijima Kosuke , Yoshimura Norikazu , Nakayama Yoshiko ,   the Japanese Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Japan PediatricHelicobacter pyloriStudy Group published the first guidelines on childhoodH. pyloriinfection in 1997. They were later revised by the Japanese Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (JSPGHAN). TheH. pylorieradication rates, when employing triple therapy with amoxicillin and clarithromycin, currently recommended as the first‐line therapy ofH. pyloriinfection in Japan, have substantially decreased, creating an important clinical problem worldwide. In Japanese adults, the “test‐and‐treat” strategy forH. pyloriinfection is under consideration as an approach for gastric cancer prevention. However, the combined North American and European pediatric guidelines have rejected such a strategy for asymptomatic children. As risk for gastric cancer development is high in Japan, determining whether the “test‐and‐treat” strategy can be recommended in children has become an urgent matter. Accordingly, the JSPGHAN has produced a second revision of theH. pyloriguidelines, which includes discussion about the issues mentioned above. They consist of 19 clinical questions and 34 statements. AnH. pyloriculture from gastric biopsies is recommended, not only as a diagnostic test for active infection but for antimicrobial susceptibility testing to optimize eradication therapy. Based upon antimicrobial susceptibility testing ofH. pyloristrains (especially involving clarithromycin), an eradication regimen including use of the antibiotics to whichH. pyloriis susceptible is recommended as the first‐line therapy againstH. pylori‐associated diseases. The guidelines recommend against a “test‐and‐treat” strategy forH. pyloriinfection for asymptomatic children to protect against the development of gastric cancer because there has been no evidence supporting this strategy.
Maternal hypertensive disorders and subtypes of hypospadias: A Dutch case‐control study
Authors: Jamaladin Hussein , van Rooij Iris A. L. M. , van der Zanden Loes F. M. , van Gelder Marleen M. H. J. , Roeleveld Nel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypospadias is a frequently occurring congenital anomaly in male infants, in which the opening of the urethra is located along the ventral side of the penis. Although various studies attempted to identify its causes, the aetiology of the majority of hypospadias cases remains poorly understood. Maternal hypertensive disorders are believed to be associated with hypospadias, but the results of previous studies are not consistent, especially for subtypes of hypospadias.ObjectivesTo investigate the associations between maternal hypertensive disorders, stratified by pharmacological treatment, and the occurrence of hypospadias divided into subtypes in a large population‐based case‐control study.MethodsWe included 887 hypospadias cases and 1005 male controls from the AGORA data‐ and biobank. Cases and controls were born in the periods 1975‐2016 and 1990‐2011, respectively. All data were collected in the period 2004‐2018. Maternal questionnaires were used to obtain information on hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, antihypertensive medication treatment, and potential confounders. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between hypertensive disorders and hypospadias were estimated using logistic regression.ResultsHypertensive disorders were reported by 15.3% of the women in this study. Maternal hypertensive disorders in general, chronic hypertension, and gestational hypertension were not associated with hypospadias or its subtypes. Preeclampsia was associated with posterior hypospadias (aOR 3.09, 95% CI 1.49, 6.43), whether it was untreated (aOR 2.81, 95% CI 1.24, 6.38) or pharmacologically treated preeclampsia (aOR 4.96, 95% CI 1.08, 22.80).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that preeclampsia is associated with posterior hypospadias, irrespective of pharmacological treatment. This result supports the hypothesis of aetiological heterogeneity among the subtypes of hypospadias, with pregnancy‐related risk factors being associated with the more severe types of hypospadias.
Progesterone modulates theta oscillations in the frontal‐parietal network
Authors: Riddle Justin , Ahn Sangtae , McPherson Trevor , Girdler Susan , Frohlich Flavio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe neuroactive metabolites of the steroid hormones progesterone (P4) and testosterone (T) are GABAergic modulators that influence cognition, yet, the specific effect of P4 and T on brain network activity remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated if a fundamental oscillatory network activity pattern, often related to cognitive control, frontal midline theta (FMT) oscillations, are modulated by steroids hormones, P4 and T. We measured the concentration of P4 and T using salivary enzyme immunoassay and FMT oscillations using high‐density electroencephalography (EEG) during eyes‐open resting‐state in 55 healthy women and men. Electrical brain activity was analyzed using Fourier analysis, aperiodic signal fitting, and beamformer source localization. Steroid hormone concentrations and biological sex were used as predictors for scalp and source‐estimated amplitude of theta oscillations. Elevated concentrations of P4 predicted increased amplitude of FMT oscillations across both sexes, and no relationship was found with T. The positive correlation with P4 was specific to the frontal midline electrodes and survived correction for the background aperiodic signal of the brain. Using source localization, FMT oscillations were localized to the frontal‐parietal network (FPN). Additionally, theta amplitude within the FPN, but not the default mode network, positively correlated with P4 concentration. Our results suggest that P4 concentration modulates brain activity via upregulation of theta oscillations in the FPN.
Characterization of maximal enzyme catalytic rates in central metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Küken Anika , Gennermann Kristin , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYAvailability of plant‐specific enzyme kinetic data is scarce, limiting the predictive power of metabolic models and precluding identification of genetic factors of enzyme properties. Enzyme kinetic data are measured in vitro, often under non‐physiological conditions, and conclusions elicited from modeling warrant caution. Here we estimate maximal in vivo catalytic rates for 168 plant enzymes, including photosystems I and II, cytochrome‐b6f complex, ATP‐citrate synthase, sucrose‐phosphate synthase as well as enzymes from amino acid synthesis with previously undocumented enzyme kinetic data in BRENDA. The estimations are obtained by integrating condition‐specific quantitative proteomics data, maximal rates of selected enzymes, growth measurements from Arabidopsis thaliana rosette with and fluxes through canonical pathways in a constraint‐based model of leaf metabolism. In comparison to findings in Escherichia coli, we demonstrate weaker concordance between the plant‐specific in vitro and in vivo enzyme catalytic rates due to a low degree of enzyme saturation. This is supported by the finding that concentrations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), adenosine triphosphate and uridine triphosphate, calculated based on our maximal in vivo catalytic rates, and available quantitative metabolomics data are below reported values and, therefore, indicate undersaturation of respective enzymes. Our findings show that genome‐wide profiling of enzyme kinetic properties is feasible in plants, paving the way for understanding resource allocation.
An internally eGFP‐tagged α‐adaptin is a fully functional and improved fiduciary marker for clathrin‐coated pit dynamics
Authors: Mino Rosa E. , Chen Zhiming , Mettlen Marcel , Schmid Sandra L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) has been extensively studied in living cells by quantitative total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). Fluorescent protein fusions to subunits of the major coat proteins, clathrin light chains or the heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP2) complexes, have been used as fiduciary markers of clathrin coated pits (CCPs). However, the functionality of these fusion proteins has not been rigorously compared. Here, we generated stable cells lines overexpressing mRuby‐CLCa and/or μ2‐eGFP, σ2‐eGFP, two markers currently in use, or a novel marker generated by inserting eGFP into the unstructured hinge region of the α subunit (α‐eGFP). Using biochemical and TIRFM‐based assays, we compared the functionality of the AP2 markers. All of the eGFP‐tagged subunits were efficiently incorporated into AP2 and displayed greater accuracy in image‐based CCP analyses than mRuby‐CLCa. However, overexpression of either μ2‐eGFP or σ2‐eGFP impaired transferrin receptor uptake. In addition, μ2‐eGFP reduced the rates of CCP initiation and σ2‐eGFP perturbed AP2 incorporation into CCPs and CCP maturation. In contrast, CME and CCP dynamics were unperturbed in cells overexpressing α‐eGFP. Moreover, α‐eGFP was a more sensitive and accurate marker of CCP dynamics than mRuby‐CLCa. Thus, our work establishes α‐eGFP as a robust, fully functional marker for CME.
<p class="Body"><strong>Indirect effects in predator-prey interaction: development and predation rates by immature <em>Neoseiulus cucumeris</em> increased by odour from its prey (<em>Tyrophagus putrescentiae</em>) </strong></p>
Authors: Gu Xin-yao , Li Guang-yun , Zhang Zhi-qiang 
Published: July 2020

Predator-prey interactions have long been of great interest to ecologists. Although the direct consumptive effects have received extensive research, indirect influences of odour derived from their conspecifics and prey on predators have largely been underestimated and overlooked. In this study, the indirect effects of predator-prey interactions were determined with predatory mites Neoseiulus cucumeris and its factitious prey Tyrophagus putrescentiae. The responses of immature N. cucumeris to mixed odour with their conspecifics and prey were determined in a laboratory experiment. Our results showed that the mixed odour with their conspecifics did not demonstrate any obvious influences on the survival rates, developmental periods, predation rates and activities of the predatory mites. Intriguingly, the predators prolonged their protonymphal stage and consumed more prey eggs when exposed to mixed odour with their prey. Our results indicated that the mixed odour with their conspecifics was weak and its influence was insignificant for this species, but the prey odour showed a signifcant influence on the growth and consumption rates of immature predators, which highlighted that the indirect influences of predator-prey interactions on the predator were substantial and cannot be neglected.
Indirect Markers of Muscle Damage Throughout the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Romero-Parra Nuria , Alfaro-Magallanes Victor Manuel , Rael Beatriz , Cupeiro Rocío , Rojo-Tirado Miguel A. , Benito Pedro J. , Peinado Ana B. , _ _ 
Published: July 2020

Context: The indirect markers of muscle damage have been previously studied in females. However, inconclusive results have been found, possibly explained by the heterogeneity regarding monitoring and verification of menstrual-cycle phase. Purpose: To determine whether the fluctuations in sex hormones during the menstrual cycle influence muscle damage. Methods: A total of 19 well-trained eumenorrheic women (age 28.6 [5.9] y; height 163.4 [6.1] cm; weight 59.6 [5.8] kg body mass) performed an eccentric-based resistance protocol consisting of 10 × 10 back squats at 60% of their 1-repetition maximum on the early follicular phase (EFP), late follicular phase, and midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Range of motion, muscle soreness, countermovement jump, and limb circumferences were evaluated prior to 24 and 48 hours postexercise. Perceived exertion was evaluated after each set. Results: Differences in sex hormones indicated that tests were adequately performed in the different menstrual-cycle phases. Prior to exercise, muscle soreness was higher in the EFP (4.7 [7.7]) than in the late follicular phase (1.1 [3.2]; P = .045). No other variables showed significant differences between phases. Time-point differences (baseline, 24, and 48 h) were observed in knee range of motion (P = .02), muscle soreness, countermovement jump, and between sets for perceived exertion (P < .001). Conclusion: Although the protocol elicited muscle damage, hormonal fluctuations over the menstrual cycle did not seem to affect indirect markers of muscle damage, except for perceived muscle soreness. Muscle soreness was perceived to be more severe before exercise performed in EFP, when estrogen concentrations are relatively low. This may impair women’s predisposition to perform strenuous exercise during EFP.
Quantifying Segmental Contributions to Center-of-Mass Motion During Dynamic Continuous Support Surface Perturbations Using Simplified Estimation Models
Authors: Schinkel-Ivy Alison , Komisar Vicki , Duncan Carolyn A. 
Published: July 2020

Investigating balance reactions following continuous, multidirectional, support surface perturbations is essential for improving our understanding of balance control in moving environments. Segmental motions are often incorporated into rapid balance reactions following external perturbations to balance, although the effects of these motions during complex, continuous perturbations have not been assessed. This study aimed to quantify the contributions of body segments (ie, trunk, head, upper extremity, and lower extremity) to the control of center-of-mass (COM) movement during continuous, multidirectional, support surface perturbations. Three-dimensional, whole-body kinematics were captured while 10 participants experienced 5 minutes of perturbations. Anteroposterior, mediolateral, and vertical COM position and velocity were calculated using a full-body model and 7 models with reduced numbers of segments, which were compared with the full-body model. With removal of body segments, errors relative to the full-body model increased, while relationship strength decreased. The inclusion of body segments appeared to affect COM measures, particularly COM velocity. Findings suggest that the body segments may provide a means of improving the control of COM motion, primarily its velocity, during continuous, multidirectional perturbations, and constitute a step toward improving our understanding of how the limbs contribute to balance control in moving environments.