bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil organic carbon more strongly related to soil moisture than soil temperature in temperate grasslands
Authors: Kerr Destiny D. , Ochsner Tyson E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStatistical models for soil organic carbon (SOC) differ substantially regarding the degree to which climate variables, such as precipitation and air temperature, influence SOC. These discrepancies contribute to uncertainties regarding the potential feedback effects of climate change on SOC. Soil‐climate variables, such as soil moisture and soil temperature, can strongly influence SOC gains and losses, but these variables have not been widely utilized in statistical SOC models. We hypothesized that SOC is more strongly related to soil‐climate variables than to climate variables and that using soil‐climate variables in statistical SOC models would improve SOC estimates. We tested these hypotheses using >10 years of daily climate and soil‐climate data from 67 temperate grassland sites across Oklahoma, USA, along with soil physical properties, and corresponding SOC data at 5‐, 25‐, and 60‐cm depths. Soil moisture was the single most influential predictor variable, as indicated by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. The effects of precipitation and air temperature were insignificant, apart from a weak negative effect of precipitation at 25 cm. Models including soil‐climate variables provided more accurate SOC estimates than models excluding soil‐climate variables and were statistically superior based on the Akaike information criterion. Future soil moisture conditions, not precipitation or air temperature, may be the key determinant of climate change–SOC feedback effects at these grassland sites and similar sites worldwide.
Tracing insular woodiness in giant Daucus (s.l.) fruit fossils from the Early Pleistocene of Madeira Island (Portugal)
Authors: Góis‐Marques Carlos A. , de Nascimento Lea , Fernández‐Palacios José María , Madeira José , Menezes de Sequeira Miguel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPlants on oceanic islands can evolve insular syndromes such as secondary woodiness, a generalized trend found in island floras worldwide. This phenomenon occurs through evolution in situ. It is triggered by ecological and physiological stimuli that transform herbaceous annuals into woody perennials. However, well‐dated and informative fossils that could help track and frame the evolution of this syndrome are lacking. Remarkably, in Madeira Island (Portugal), there are good examples of Apiaceae that evolved secondary woodiness, like the giant neoendemic Melanoselinum (≡ Daucus). Apiaceae has a very scarce fossil record, despite being a cosmopolitan family and an economically important crop. Here we describe the oldest Daucus s.l. fossil known to date and the first fossil evidence of a plant with insular woodiness. The fossils are preserved as mummified/compressed mericarps within 1.3‐million‐year‐old fluvio‐lacustrine sediments of the Funchal unit, Upper Volcanic complex, near Porto da Cruz. We assign them to the extant neoendemic species Melanoselinum (≡ Daucus) decipiens. The mericarp morphology shows remarkable stasis since the Calabrian stage of the Early Pleistocene. Our results demonstrate that in the Madeiran Daucinae clade, insular woodiness developed at least 1.3 million years ago, indicating a coeval or earlier immigration to Madeira Island of a Daucus sp. Our results reinforce the role of palaeobotanical research in oceanic islands, supported by stratigraphy and geochronology studies, as a key element for the understanding of plant palaeobiogeography, ecology and evolution worldwide. We expect this contribution to shed light on the evolutionary origins of carrots, and related plant groups, an important element of human food, and to better comprehend the evolution of plant insular woodiness.
A segmentation network with multiattention and its application to SAR image analysis
Authors: An Yong , Long Jianwu , Mabu Shingo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImage segmentation plays an important role in image understanding and region‐based applications. Many image segmentation algorithms have been proposed, but in this paper, we enhance the segmentation performance of deep learning using attention models that extract important features from the target images. The structure of the segmentation network is an encoder–decoder model that can combine position features and channel features, where the attention mechanisms refine both position and channel features. In the experiments, the proposed method is applied to satellite image analysis, where synthetic aperture radar images are analyzed to detect landslide areas after heavy rain occurred. The experimental results show that the proposed method obtains higher segmentation accuracy comparing with some conventional methods. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3d dualities from 2d free field correlators: recombination and rank stabilization
Authors: Pasquetti Sara , Sacchi Matteo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We propose various new 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 dualities exploiting their recently discovered connection to the duality relations for 2d free field CFT correlators. Most of the dualities involve, as the main building block, a quiver theory with monopole superpotential which enjoys various interesting properties such as being self-dual and reducing, in a suitable real mass deformation, to the familiar T [SU(N )] theory. In particular we propose a duality for the U(N) theory with one adjoint and k + 1 fundamental flavors. By iterating some basic dualities we can bring the theory to a stable form which, in turns, allows us to find a dual frame where the rank of the original theory appears as a parameter.
Immigration background and adolescent mental health problems: the role of family affluence, adolescent educational level and gender
Authors: Duinhof E. L. , Smid S. C. , Vollebergh W. A. M. , Stevens G. W. J. M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
European studies demonstrated that immigrant adolescents are at a higher risk for mental health problems than native adolescents, but little is known about the role of socioeconomic status (SES) and gender in this association. This study examined to what extent differences in the mental health problems of non-western immigrant and native Dutch adolescents were explained by adolescents’ family affluence and educational level and differed with the adolescents’ family affluence, educational level, and gender.

Methods
Adolescents in a Dutch nationally representative sample of 11–16-year old native Dutch (n = 5283) and non-western immigrants (n = 1054) reported on their family affluence, own educational level, conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, and hyperactivity–inattention problems.

Results
Non-western immigrant adolescents were at a higher risk for conduct problems and peer relationship problems than native Dutch adolescents, but family affluence and educational level explained only a very small proportion of these differences. With two exceptions, differences in the mental health problems of non-western immigrants and natives were highly comparable for different family affluence levels, educational levels, and for boys and girls. Only for natives, a higher family SES was related to less conduct problems. Furthermore, only for non-western immigrants a high family SES related to more hyperactivity–inattention problems.

Conclusions
Our findings illustrate that the association between immigration background and adolescent mental health problems is largely independent of SES and gender. Future studies should include other factors to facilitate our understanding of the association between immigration background and adolescent mental health problems.
The effect of steatosis and fibrosis on blunt force vulnerability of the liver
Authors: Simon Gábor , Poór Viktor Soma , Heckmann Veronika , Kozma Zsolt , Molnár Tamás F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of our study was to examine the possible effect of steatosis and fibrosis on the blunt force vulnerability of human liver tissue. 3.5 × 3.5 × 2-cm-sized liver tissue blocks were removed from 135 cadavers. All specimens underwent microscopical analysis. The tissue samples were put into a test stand, and a metal rod with a square-shaped head was pushed against the capsular surface. The force (Pmax) causing liver rupture was measured and registered with a Mecmesin AFG-500 force gauge. Six groups were formed according to the histological appearance of the liver tissue: intact (group 1), mild steatosis (group 2), moderate steatosis (group 3), severe steatosis (group 4), fibrosis (group 5), and cirrhosis (group 6). The average Pmax value was 34.1 N in intact liver samples (range from 18.1 to 60.8 N, SD ± 8.7), 45.1 N in mild steatosis (range from 24.2 to 79.8 N SD ± 12.6), 55.4 N in moderate steatosis (range from 28.9 to 92.5 N, SD ± 16.0), 57.6 N in severe steatosis (range from 39.8 to 71.5 N, SD ± 11.9), 63.7 N in fibrosis (range from 37.8 to 112.2 N, SD ± 19.5), and 87.1 N in the case of definite cirrhosis (range from 52.7 to 162.7 N, 30.3). The Pmax values were significantly higher in samples with visible structural change than in intact liver sample (p = 0.023, 0.001, 0.009, 0.0001, 0.0001 between group 1 and groups 2 to 6 respectively). Significant difference was found between mild steatosis (group 2) and cirrhosis (group 6) (p = 0.0001), but the difference between mild, moderate, and severe steatosis (groups 2, 3, and 4) was not significant. Our study demonstrated that contrary to what is expected as received wisdom dictates, the diseases of the parenchyma (steatosis and presence of fibrosis) positively correlate with the blunt force resistance of the liver tissue.
Exploring the feasibility of an exercise programme including aerobic and resistance training in people with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis
Authors: Mitropoulos Alexandros , Gumber Anil , Crank Helen , Akil Mohammed , Klonizakis Markos 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
It is suggested that exercise can improve the vascular function and quality of life (QoL) in people with systemic sclerosis (SSc), potentially offering clinical benefits to this population. Yet the feasibility of such an intervention remains untested. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of a combined exercise protocol (aerobic and resistance training) in people with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc).

Methods
Thirty-two lcSSc patients (66.5 ± 12 years old) were randomly allocated in two groups (exercise and control group). The exercise group underwent a 12-week exercise programme, twice per week. All patients performed the baseline, three- and six-month follow-up measurements where functional ability, body composition and QoL were assessed. Participants’ experiences were explored through interviews.

Results
Compliance was 92.6% with no dropouts. The individuals’ confidence to participate in the study’s exercise protocol for twice per week was 95%. The average value for the physical activity enjoyment scale was 103 ± 10 out of 119 (highest score). The mean values for the intention to engage in exercise twice per week were 6.4 ± 1 (likely) out of 7 (very likely). QoL for the exercise group showed to have a better life satisfaction, less anxiety and Raynaud’s phenomenon-accompanied pain.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that a combined exercise protocol was feasible for people with lcSSc, with no adverse events, resulting in high adherence and low attrition rates, high enjoyment levels and intentions for future engagement to this exercise. Thus, the specific protocol is a safe adjunct therapy for people with lcSSc.
Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT number): NCT03058887, February 23, 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03058887?term=NCT03058887&rank=1Key Points• High-intensity interval training in combination with resistance training constitutes a feasible exercise protocol for people with lcSSc.• Overall, the exercise programme demonstrated high adherence and enjoyment levels and low attrition rates.• The exercise protocol was proved to be safe with no adverse events for people with lcSSc.
Numerical Study of Atrial Fibrillation Effects on Flow Distribution in Aortic Circulation
Authors: Deyranlou Amin , Naish Josephine H. , Miller Christopher A. , Revell Alistair , Keshmiri Amir 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia, which undermines cardiac function. Atrial fibrillation is a multi-facet malady and it may occur as a result of other diseases or it may trigger other problems. One of the main complications of AF is stroke due to the possibility of clot formation inside the atrium. However, the possibility of stroke occurrence due to the AF and the location from which an embolus dispatches are subject of debate. Another hypothesis about the embolus formation during AF is thrombus formation in aorta and carotid arteries, embolus detachment and its movement. To investigate the possibility of the latter postulation, the current work suggests a parametric study to quantify the sensitivity of aortic flow to four common AF traits including lack of atrial kick, atrial remodelling, left ventricle systolic dysfunction, and high frequency fibrillation. The simulation was carried out by coupling several in-house codes and ANSYS-CFX module. The results reveal that AF traits lower flow rate at left ventricular outflow tract, which in general lowers blood perfusion to systemic, cerebral and coronary circulations. Consequently, it leads to endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP) increase and variation of flow structure that both suggest predisposed areas to atherogenesis and thrombus formation in different regions in ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta.
Unraveling the Role of Astrocytes in Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in a Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model
Authors: Campos Ana Carolina Pinheiro , Kikuchi Daniel Seicho , Paschoa Amanda Faure Nardini , Kuroki Mayra Akemi , Fonoff Erich Talamoni , Hamani Clement , Pagano Rosana Lima , Hernandes Marina Sorrentino 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective therapeutic strategy for motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) when L-DOPA therapy induces disabling side effects. Classical inflammatory activation of glial cells is well established in PD, contributing to the progressive neurodegenerative state; however, the role of DBS in regulating the inflammatory response remains largely unknown. To understand the involvement of astrocytes in the mechanisms of action of DBS, we evaluated the effect of STN–DBS in regulating motor symptoms, astrocyte reactivity, and cytokine expression in a 6-OHDA-induced PD rat model. To mimic in vivo DBS, we investigate the effect of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) in cultured astrocytes regulating cytokine induction and NF-κB activation. We found that STN-DBS improved motor impairment, induced astrocytic hyperplasia, and reversed increased IFN-γ and IL-10 levels in the globus pallidus (GP) of lesioned rats. Moreover, HFS activated astrocytes and prevented TNF-α-induced increase of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and NF-κB activation in vitro. Our results indicate that DBS/HFS may act as a regulator of the inflammatory response in PD states, attenuating classical activation of astrocytes and cytokine induction, potentially through its ability to regulate NF-κB activation. These findings may help us understand the role of astrocyte signaling in HFS, highlighting its possible relationship with the effectiveness of DBS in neurodegenerative disorders.
Acute stroke and TIA patients have specific polygraphic features of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Leino Akseli , Westeren-Punnonen Susanna , Töyräs Juha , Myllymaa Sami , Leppänen Timo , Ylä-Herttuala Salla , Muraja-Murro Anu , Kantanen Anne-Mari , Autere Jaana , Jäkälä Pekka , Mervaala Esa , Myllymaa Katja 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased risk for stroke, which is known to further impair respiratory functions. However, it is unknown whether the type and severity of respiratory events are linked to stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Thus, we investigate whether the characteristics of individual respiratory events differ between patients experiencing TIA or acute ischemic stroke and matched patients with clinically suspected sleep-disordered breathing.

Methods
Polygraphic data of 77 in-patients with acute ischemic stroke (n = 49) or TIA (n = 28) were compared to age, gender, and BMI-matched patients with suspected sleep-disordered breathing and no cerebrovascular disease. Along with conventional diagnostic parameters (e.g., apnea-hypopnea index), durations and severities of individual apneas, hypopneas and desaturations were compared between the groups separately for ischemic stroke and TIA patients.

Results
Stroke and TIA patients had significantly shorter apneas and hypopneas (p < 0.001) compared to matched reference patients. Furthermore, stroke patients had more central apnea events (p = 0.007) and a trend for higher apnea/hypopnea number ratios (p = 0.091). The prevalence of OSA (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5) was 90% in acute stroke patients and 79% in transient ischemic attack patients.

Conclusion
Stroke patients had different characteristics of respiratory events, i.e., their polygraphic phenotype of OSA differs compared to matched reference patients. The observed differences in polygraphic features might indicate that stroke and TIA patients suffer from OSA phenotype recently associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Therefore, optimal diagnostics and treatment require routine OSA screening in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease, even without previous suspicion of OSA.
Comparison of health behaviours between cancer survivors and the general population: a cross-sectional analysis of the Lifelines cohort
Authors: Cortés-Ibáñez Francisco O. , Jaramillo-Calle Daniel A. , Vinke Petra C. , Byambasukh Oyuntugs , Corpeleijn Eva , Sijtsma Anna , Eulenburg Christine , Vonk Judith M. , de Bock Geertruida H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the differences in lifestyle behaviours between cancer survivors (CSs) and cancer-free participants in a large and representative population-based cohort.

Methods
We included 115,257 adults from the Lifelines cohort. Cancer status was self-reported, and health behaviours were measured (e.g. body mass index [BMI]) or assessed by questionnaire (e.g. physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary behaviour and diet). The data were then categorised for logistic regression analysis, stratified and adjusted by sex and age (< 55 vs ≥ 55 years).

Results
CSs (5473; 4.7%) were diagnosed 9 ± 8.5 years before data collection, were older (mean age 55.4 vs 44.4 years) and more often female (66.6% vs 33.4%) than the cancer-free participants. They were also more likely to be physically active and to have a better diet, and also less likely to be alcohol drinkers; but, were more likely to have a higher BMI, be former smokers and to be sedentary. After adjustment for sex and age, however, BMI was more likely to be normal, physical activity was more likely to be higher and smoking to be prevalent in CSs. Current smoking was also significantly higher among females and those aged < 55 years who were CSs than for those with no history of cancer.

Conclusions
In this population-based cohort, CSs have health behaviour comparable to those without a cancer diagnosis.

Implications for cancer survivors
Smoking cessation strategies should target all CSs, but efforts could yield greatest benefit if they target females and those younger than 55 years.
Organoid of ovarian cancer: genomic analysis and drug screening
Authors: Liu H.-D. , Xia B.-R. , Jin M.-Z. , Lou G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer is the most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, and its standard treatments are cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Great advances have been achieved in novel treatment strategies, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological tumors due to therapeutic resistance and the gap between preclinical data and actual clinical efficacy. Organoids are a 3D culture model that markedly affects gene analysis, drug screening, and drug sensitivity determination of tumors, especially when used in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In addition, organoid can lead to advances in the preclinical research of ovarian cancer due to its convenient cultivation, good genetic stability, and high homology with primary tumors.
Zwischen Einblicken und Beweisen
Authors: Marchand Silke 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDigitale Portfolio-Apps ermöglichen, Bildungsprozesse im Vergleich zur Papiervariante detaillierter und mit mehr Bildern und Videos zu dokumentieren. Das prozessorientierte Portfolioverfahren wird dabei oft mit diagnostischen Instrumenten verknüpft, indem z. B. Portfolioeinträgen Kompetenzen aus einem Kompetenzraster zugeordnet werden können. Eltern können freigegebene Beiträge über einen Elternzugang einsehen, kommentieren oder sogar selbst Einträge erstellen. Diskutiert wird, inwiefern diese Veränderungen den Dokumentationsfokus auf das Sichtbare verschieben, Inszenierung von Leistung und Selbstdarstellung in der Bildungsdokumentation verstärken sowie eine Beweislogik in die Kommunikation und eine potenziell wirkmächtige Pseudo-Objektivität in das entstehende Artefakt einbringen könnten.
Optimal management of coronary artery disease in cancer patients
Authors: Han Xue‐Jie , Li Jian‐Qiang , Khannanova Zulfiia , Li Yue 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOwing to early diagnosis and rapid development of treatments for cancers, the five‐year survival rate of all cancer types has markedly improved worldwide. Over time, however, there has been an increase in the number of cancer patients who develop coronary artery disease (CAD) due to different causes. First, many risk factors are shared between cancer and CAD. Second, inflammation and oxidative stress are common underlying pathogeneses in both disorders. Lastly, cancer therapy can result in endothelial injury, coronary artery spasm, and coagulation, thereby increasing the risk of CAD. As more cancer patients are being diagnosed with CAD, specialized cardiac care should be established to minimize the cardiovascular mortality of cancer survivors.
The honest cheat: a timely history of cheating and fraud following Ivey v Genting Casinos (UK) Ltd t/a Crockfords [2017] UKSC 67
Authors: Griffiths Cerian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe UK Supreme Court took the opportunity in Ivey v Genting Casinos (UK) Ltd t/a Crockfords [2017] UKSC 67 to reverse the long-standing, but unpopular, test for dishonesty in R v Ghosh. It reduced the relevance of subjectivity in the test of dishonesty, and brought the civil and the criminal law approaches to dishonesty into line by adopting the test as laid down in Royal Brunei Airlines Sdn Bhd v Tan. This paper employs extensive legal historical research to demonstrate that the Supreme Court in Ivey was too quick to dismiss the significance of the historical roots of dishonesty. Through an innovative and comprehensive historical framework of fraud, this paper demonstrates that dishonesty has long been a central pillar of the actus reus of deceptive offences. The recognition of such significance permits us to situate the role of dishonesty in contemporary criminal property offences. This historical analysis further demonstrates that the Justices erroneously overlooked centuries of jurisprudence in their haste to unite civil and criminal law tests for dishonesty.