bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Partial Correlation Screening Approach for Controlling the False Positive Rate in Sparse Gaussian Graphical Models
Authors: Lafit Ginette , Tuerlinckx Francis , Myin-Germeys Inez , Ceulemans Eva 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) are extensively used in many research areas, such as genomics, proteomics, neuroimaging, and psychology, to study the partial correlation structure of a set of variables. This structure is visualized by drawing an undirected network, in which the variables constitute the nodes and the partial correlations the edges. In many applications, it makes sense to impose sparsity (i.e., some of the partial correlations are forced to zero) as sparsity is theoretically meaningful and/or because it improves the predictive accuracy of the fitted model. However, as we will show by means of extensive simulations, state-of-the-art estimation approaches for imposing sparsity on GGMs, such as the Graphical lasso, ℓ1regularized nodewise regression, and joint sparse regression, fall short because they often yield too many false positives (i.e., partial correlations that are not properly set to zero). In this paper we present a new estimation approach that allows to control the false positive rate better. Our approach consists of two steps: First, we estimate an undirected network using one of the three state-of-the-art estimation approaches. Second, we try to detect the false positives, by flagging the partial correlations that are smaller in absolute value than a given threshold, which is determined through cross-validation; the flagged correlations are set to zero. Applying this new approach to the same simulated data, shows that it indeed performs better. We also illustrate our approach by using it to estimate (1) a gene regulatory network for breast cancer data, (2) a symptom network of patients with a diagnosis within the nonaffective psychotic spectrum and (3) a symptom network of patients with PTSD.
Secure dynamic multiparty quantum private comparison
Authors: Abulkasim Hussein , Farouk Ahmed , Hamad Safwat , Mashatan Atefeh , Ghose Shohini 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe propose a feasible and efficient dynamic multiparty quantum private comparison protocol that is fully secure against participant attacks. In the proposed scheme, two almost-dishonest third parties generate two random keys and send them to all participants. Every participant independently encrypts their private information with the encryption keys and sends it to the third parties. The third parties can analyze the equality of all or some participants’ secrets without gaining access to the secret information. New participants can dynamically join the protocol without the need for any additional conditions in the protocol. We provide detailed correctness and security analysis of the proposed protocol. Our security analysis of the proposed protocol against both inside and outside attacks proves that attackers cannot extract any secret information.
Long-term monitoring in a microfluidic system to study tumour spheroid response to chronic and cycling hypoxia
Authors: Grist Samantha M. , Nasseri S. Soroush , Laplatine Loïc , Schmok Jonathan C. , Yao Dickson , Hua Jessica , Chrostowski Lukas , Cheung Karen C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate the application of a microfluidic platform combining spatiotemporal oxygen control and long-term microscopy monitoring to observe tumour spheroid response to hypoxia. The platform is capable of recreating physiologically-relevant low and cycling oxygen levels not attainable in traditional cell culture environments, while image-based monitoring visualizes cell response to these physiologically-relevant conditions. Monitoring spheroid cultures during hypoxic exposure allows us to observe, for the first time, that spheroids swell and shrink in response to time-varying oxygen profiles switching between 0% and 10% O2; this swelling-shrinkage behaviour appears to be driven by swelling of individual cells within the spheroids. We also apply the system to monitoring tumour models during anticancer treatment under varying oxygen conditions. We observe higher uptake of the anticancer agent doxorubicin under a cycling hypoxia profile than under either chronic hypoxia or in vitro normoxia, and the two-photon microscopy monitoring facilitated by our system also allows us to observe heterogeneity in doxorubicin uptake within spheroids at the single-cell level. Combining optical sectioning microscopy with precise spatiotemporal oxygen control and 3D culture opens the door for a wide range of future studies on microenvironmental mechanisms driving cancer progression and resistance to anticancer therapy. These types of studies could facilitate future improvements in cancer diagnostics and treatment.
Spatiotemporal perturbations in paced finger tapping suggest a common mechanism for the processing of time errors
Authors: López Sabrina Laura , Laje Rodrigo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPaced finger tapping is a sensorimotor synchronization task where a subject has to keep pace with a metronome while the time differences (asynchronies) between each stimulus and its response are recorded. A usual way to study the underlying error correction mechanism is to perform unexpected temporal perturbations to the stimuli sequence. An overlooked issue is that at the moment of a temporal perturbation two things change: the stimuli period (a parameter) and the asynchrony (a variable). In terms of experimental manipulation, it would be desirable to have separate, independent control of parameter and variable values. In this work we perform paced finger tapping experiments combining simple temporal perturbations (tempo step change) and spatial perturbations with temporal effect (raised or lowered point of contact). In this way we decouple the parameter-and-variable confounding, performing novel perturbations where either the parameter or the variable changes. Our results show nonlinear features like asymmetry and are compatible with a common error correction mechanism for all types of asynchronies. We suggest taking this confounding into account when analyzing perturbations of any kind in finger tapping tasks but also in other areas of sensorimotor synchronization, like music performance experiments and paced walking in gait coordination studies.
Histopathology Feature Mining and Association with Hyperspectral Imaging for the Detection of Squamous Neoplasia
Authors: Lu Guolan , Wang Dongsheng , Qin Xulei , Muller Susan , Little James V. , Wang Xu , Chen Amy Y. , Chen Georgia , Fei Baowei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a noninvasive optical modality that holds promise for early detection of tongue lesions. Spectral signatures generated by HSI contain important diagnostic information that can be used to predict the disease status of the examined biological tissue. However, the underlying pathophysiology for the spectral difference between normal and neoplastic tissue is not well understood. Here, we propose to leverage digital pathology and predictive modeling to select the most discriminative features from digitized histological images to differentiate tongue neoplasia from normal tissue, and then correlate these discriminative pathological features with corresponding spectral signatures of the neoplasia. We demonstrated the association between the histological features quantifying the architectural features of neoplasia on a microscopic scale, with the spectral signature of the corresponding tissue measured by HSI on a macroscopic level. This study may provide insight into the pathophysiology underlying the hyperspectral dataset.
Revealing the respiratory system of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei; Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) using micro-computed tomography
Authors: Alba-Tercedor Javier , Alba-Alejandre Ignacio , Vega Fernando E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) is the most economically important insect pest of coffee globally. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to reconstruct the respiratory system of this species for the first time; this is the smallest insect (ca. 2 mm long) for which this has been done to date. Anatomical details of the spiracles and tracheal tubes are described, images presented, and new terms introduced. The total volume and the relationship between tracheal lumen diameter, length and volume are also presented. The total length of the tracheal tubes are seventy times the length of the entire animal. Videos and a 3D model for use with mobile devices are included as supplementary information; these could be useful for future research and for teaching insect anatomy to students and the public in general.
Quantitative approach to realization of ultrasonic grain refinement of Al-7Si-2Cu-1Mg alloy
Authors: Kim Soo-Bae , Cho Young-Hee , Jo Min-Su , Jung Jae-Gil , Lee Young-Kook , Lee Jung-Moo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUltrasonic melt treatment (UST) was applied to Al-7Si-2Cu-1Mg melt at various temperatures of 620, 650, 700 and 785 °C. MgAl2O4 particles which were often found to be densely populated along oxide films, became effectively dispersed and well-wetted by UST. Transmission electron microscopy work combined with crystallography analysis clearly indicates that MgAl2O4 particles can act as α-Al nucleation site with the aid of UST. However, with UST, grain refinement occurred only at temperature of 620 °C and the grain size increased from 97 to 351 μm with increase of melt temperature to 785 °C for UST. In quantitative analysis of grain size and MgAl2O4 particle diameter, it was found that ultrasonic de-agglomeration decreased mean particle size of the MgAl2O4 particles, significantly reducing size from 1.2 to 0.4 μm when temperature increased from 620 to 785 °C. Such a size reduction with increased number of MgAl2O4 particles does not always guarantee grain refinement. Thus, in this work, detailed condition for achieving grain refinement by UST is discussed based on quantitative measurement. Furthermore, we tried to suggest the most valid grain refinement mechanism among the known mechanisms by investigation of the relationship between grain size and particle size with variation of melt temperature.
Cardiac mitochondrial plasticity and thermal sensitivity in a fish inhabiting an artificially heated ecosystem
Authors: Pichaud Nicolas , Ekström Andreas , Breton Sophie , Sundström Fredrik , Rowinski Piotr , Blier Pierre U. , Sandblom Erik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSome evidence suggests that cardiac mitochondrial functions might be involved in the resilience of ectotherms such as fish to environmental warming. Here, we investigated the effects of acute and chronic changes in thermal regimes on cardiac mitochondrial plasticity and thermal sensitivity in perch (Perca fluviatilis) from an artificially heated ecosystem; the “Biotest enclosure” (~25 °C), and from an adjacent area in the Baltic Sea with normal temperatures (reference, ~16 °C). We evaluated cardiac mitochondrial respiration at assay temperatures of 16 and 25 °C, as well as activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and citrate synthase (CS) in Biotest and reference perch following 8 months laboratory-acclimation to either 16 or 25 °C. While both populations exhibited higher acute mitochondrial thermal sensitivity when acclimated to their natural habitat temperatures, this sensitivity was lost when Biotest and reference fish were acclimated to 16 and 25 °C, respectively. Moreover, reference fish displayed patterns of metabolic thermal compensation when acclimated to 25 °C, whereas no changes were observed in Biotest perch acclimated to 16 °C, suggesting that cardiac mitochondrial metabolism of Biotest fish expresses local adaptation. This study highlights the adaptive responses of cardiac mitochondria to environmental warming, which can impact on fish survival and distribution in a warming climate.
Access site complications following Impella-supported high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Johannsen Laura , Mahabadi Amir A. , Totzeck Matthias , Krueger Andrea , Jánosi Rolf Alexander , Rassaf Tienush , Al-Rashid Fadi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices are increasingly used to provide hemodynamic stability for patients with severe coronary artery disease, comorbidities, and/or impaired hemodynamics during high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Vascular access site complications, particularly those due to the use of large-bore sheaths, may limit outcomes in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and predictors of vascular complications in protected high-risk PCIs. Therefore, we included patients undergoing high-risk PCI with an Impella device from January 2016 to August 2018. Vascular complications were graded according to ‘Valve Academic Research Consortium-2’, a definition routinely used in transcatheter valve implantation procedures. In total, 61 patients (mean age 72 ± 11 years, 79% male, SYNTAX score 33 ± 7) were included, and angiographic- and fluoroscopic-guided vascular access was used for Impella implantation in all patients. Major vascular complications occurred in 5 male patients (8%). All major vascular complications were treated conservatively without the need for surgical intervention, and only one patient received a transfusion of three erythrocyte concentrates. Regression analysis revealed that patients with peripheral arterial disease of the lower extremities are at higher risk of major vascular complications. In conclusion, the utilization of Impella using a standardized protocol for angiographic- and fluoroscopic-guided vascular access was associated with a low rate of vascular complications.
The protein tyrosine kinase SYK regulates the alternative p38 activation in liver during acute liver inflammation
Authors: Bang Bo-Ram , Han Kyung Ho , Seo Goo-Young , Croft Michael , Kang Young Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo distinct p38 signaling pathways, classical and alternative, have been identified to regulate inflammatory responses in host defense and disease development. The role of alternative p38 activation in liver inflammation is elusive, while classical p38 signaling in hepatocytes plays a role in regulating the induction of cell death in autoimmune-mediated acute liver injury. In this study, we found that a mutation of alternative p38 in mice augmented the severity of acute liver inflammation. Moreover, TNF-induced hepatocyte death was augmented by a mutation of alternative p38, suggesting that alternative p38 signaling in hepatocytes contributed more significantly to the pathology of acute liver injury. Furthermore, SYK-Vav-1 signaling regulates alternative p38 activation and the downregulation of cell death in hepatocytes. Therefore, it is suggested that alternative p38 signaling in the liver plays a critical role in the induction and subsequent pathological changes of acute liver injury. Collectively, our results imply that p38 signaling in hepatocytes plays a crucial role to prevent excessive liver injury by regulating the induction of cell death and inflammation.
Origin of Fresnel problem of two dimensional materials
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Chen Bo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReflectance, transmittance, and absorption of materials are also known as materials’ Fresnel problem. It is widely accepted that Interface model can be utilized to solve Fresnel problem of two dimensional materials. Here, we question the validity of Interface model. Theoretical and experimental results of two dimensional materials are analyzed, and theoretical optical response of two dimensional materials is derived based on thin film model. A new simple, approximate formula of 4πnkd/λ is proposed for calculation of absorption of two dimensional materials. It is found that, in essence, Interface model is a kind of approximate style of thin film model, the main difference between two models is term of (n2 − k2) at normal incidence. A significant error is introduced into reflectance calculation of two dimensional materials when Interface model is utilized. Thus, it is not correct to use Interface model to solve Fresnel problem of two dimensional materials. Thin film model rather than Interface model can be used to universally solve Fresnel problem of two dimensional materials, and exhibit a better agreement with experimental reflectance results than Interface model. Unexpectedly, on contrary to other remarkable, intriguing properties, two dimensional materials exhibit an ordinary Fresnel optical response, which is same with thin film.
Super Damping of Mechanical Vibrations
Authors: Au-Yeung Ka Yan , Yang Brian , Sun Liang , Bai Kehang , Yang Z. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report the phenomenon of coherent super decay (CSD), where a linear sum of the displacement of several damped oscillators can collectively decay much faster than the individual ones in the first stage, followed by stagnating ones after more than 97% of the energy has been dissipated. The parameters of the damped oscillators for CSD are determined by the process of response function decomposition, which is to use several slow decay response functions to approximate the response function of a fast decay resonator. Evidence established in experiments and in finite element numerical simulations not only strongly supported the numerical investigations, but also uncovered an unexplored region of the tuned mass damper (TMD) parameter space where TMD’s with total mass less than 0.2% of a stainless steel plate can damp its first resonance at 100 Hz up to a damping ratio of 4.6%. Our findings also shed light onto the intriguing underline relationships between complex functions with different singular points.
Copy Number Variations in a Cohort of 420 Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders From the South of Brazil
Authors: Chaves Tiago Fernando , Baretto Nathacha , Oliveira Luan Freitas de , Ocampos Maristela , Barbato Ingrid Tremel , Anselmi Mayara , De Luca Gisele Rozone , Barbato Filho Jorge Humberto , Pinto Louise Lapagesse de Camargo , Bernardi Pricila , Maris Angelica Francesca 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChromosomal microarray (CMA) is now recommended as first tier for the evaluation in individuals with unexplained neurodevelopmental disorders (ND). However, in developing countries such as Brazil, classical cytogenetic tests are still the most used in clinical practice, as reflected by the scarcity of publications of microarray investigation in larger cohorts. This is a retrospective study which analyses the reading files of CMA and available clinical data from 420 patients from the south of Brazil, mostly children, with neurodevelopmental disorders requested by medical geneticists and neurologists for diagnostic purpose. Previous karyotyping was reported for 138 and includes 17 with abnormal results. The platforms used for CMA were CYTOSCAN 750K (75%) and CYTOSCAN HD (25%). The sex ratio of the patients was 1.625 males :1 female and the mean age was 9.5 years. A total of 96 pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs), 58 deletions and 38 duplications, were found in 18% of the patients and in all chromosomes, except chromosome 11. For 12% of the patients only variants of uncertain clinical significance were found. No clinically relevant CNV was found in 70%. The main referrals for chromosomal microarrays (CMA) were developmental delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID), facial dysmorphism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). DD/ID were present in 80%, facial dysmorphism in 52% and ASD in 32%. Some phenotypes in this population could be predictive of a higher probability to carry a pathogenic CNV, as follows: dysmorphic facial features (p-value = < 0.0001, OR = 0.32), obesity (p-value = 0.006, OR = 0.20), short stature (p-value = 0.032, OR = 0.44), genitourinary anomalies (p-value = 0.032, OR = 0.63) and ASD (p-value = 0.039, OR = 1.94). The diagnostic rate for CMA in this study was 18%. We present the largest report of CMA data in a cohort with ND in Brazil. We characterize the rare CNVs found together with the main phenotypes presented by each patient, list phenotypes which could predict a higher diagnostic probability by CMA in patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder and show how CMA and classical karyotyping results are complementary.
Surgical fat removal exacerbates metabolic disorders but not atherogenesis in LDLR−/− mice fed on high-fat diet
Authors: Liu Lin , Liang Chenxi , Wang Xiaowei , Ding Xiayu , Lu Yingjing , Dong Jinghui , Han Mei , Yang Hongyuan , Gao Mingming , Liao Jiawei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLipodystrophy is a severe adipose dysfunction that can be classified as congenital or acquired lipodystrophy, in term of the etiology. Previous knowledge about the metabolic disorders and cardiovascular consequences were mostly obtained from lipodystrophic mice with genetic defects. To completely rule out the genetic influence, we established a mouse model of acquired generalized lipodystrophy by surgical removal of multiple fat depots, including subcutaneous fat in the inguinal, visceral fat in the epididymis and brown fat in the scapula, in atherosclerosis-prone LDLR−/− mice which were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). It was observed that fat removal increased diet-induced hyperlipidemia, especially hypercholesteremia, as early as 2 weeks after HFD and till the end of HFD feeding. After 12 weeks on the HFD, the residual fats of fat-removed mice were found expanded. Although fat removal aggravated diet-induced lipid deposition in the liver and systemic insulin resistance, there was no significant difference in atherogenesis in fat-removed mice compared with sham-operated control mice. Acquired generalized lipodystrophy by surgical fat removal promoted metabolic disorders but not atherogenesis in LDLR−/− mice fed on HFD.
Exposure to linguistic labels during childhood modulates the neural architecture of race categorical perception
Authors: Timeo Susanna , Mento Giovanni , Fronza Erica , Farroni Teresa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPerceptually categorizing a face to its racial belonging may have important consequences on interacting with people. However, race categorical perception (CP) has been scarcely investigated nor its developmental pathway. In this study, we tested the neurolinguistics rewiring hypothesis, stating that language acquisition modulates the brain processing of social perceptual categories. Accordingly, we investigated the electrophysiological correlates of race CP in a group of adults and children between 3 and 5 years of age. For both groups we found a greater modulation of the N400 connected with the processing of between category boundaries (i.e., faces belonging to different race groups) than within-category boundaries (i.e., different faces belonging to the same race group). This effect was the same in both adults and children, as shown by the comparable between-group amplitude of the differential wave (DW) elicited by the between-category faces. Remarkably, this effect was positively correlated with racial-labels acquisition, but not with age, in children. Finally, brain source analysis revealed the activation of a more modularized cortical network in adults than in children, with unique activation of the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), which are areas connected to language processing. These are the first results accounting for an effect of language in rewiring brain connectedness when processing racial categories.