bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-year population dynamics of a specialist trawling bat at streams with contrasting disturbance
Authors: Law Bradley , Chidel Mark , Law Peter R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Habitat degradation leads to homogenization of biological communities, often due to the dominance of generalist species over specialists. Yet data as to how life history attributes of specialists vary with such perturbations remain sparse. We compared long-term population dynamics of a specialist trawling bat, the large-footed myotis (Myotis macropus), between two forested catchments. One forest stream was nutrient-enriched from dairy farming in its headwaters and a portion of its surrounding catchment was harvested for timber during the study, while the other was located in primarily undisturbed forest. We caught and banded bats annually at their roosts over 14 years and banded 529 individuals with a 45% recapture rate. The maximum time to recapture was nine years and there was no evidence for transiency in our populations. Mark-recapture analyses allowed for investigation of the dependence of survival on time, sex, and age at marking. Our study spanned extreme El Niño and La Niña weather events, but we found little variation in survival, although recruitment was lower during drought. Mean minimum winter temperature (positive) and rainfall (positive) had weak influences on survival. Survival of adults (~0.70) and population size of adult females was similar between the two sites, suggesting that neither timber harvesting with retained riparian buffers nor eutrophication from farming influenced survival. Survival of adult males and females was similar, but survival of juveniles was less than half that of adults, probably due to a combination of mortality and dispersal. Survival was three times lower immediately after one of the timber bridges used as a roost fully collapsed. Specializing on aquatic habitats buffered M. macropus from most extreme weather, but there was also evidence for possible mortality and recovery after an intense rainfall and flooding event immediately prior to the study. More frequent intense rainfall predicted with global warming may reduce the species’ resilience over time.
Bilateral plantar fibromatosis complicated by Dupuytren’s contracture
Authors: Okano Junko , Arakawa Atsuhiro , Ogino Shuichi , Suzuki Yoshihisa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Plantar fibromatosis (PF) is a rare benign disease. Here we report bilateral PF accompanied by Dupuytren’s contracture in the right palm. Magnetic resonance imaging was useful in diagnosing PF, although biopsy was needed to rule out hemangioma. As the patient had been receiving female hormone therapy since orchiectomy, there may be a possibility that estrogen accelerated the growth of PF. Local excision with a 1-cm margin was performed, followed by primary wound closure. Neither complication nor recurrence had occurred 6 months after the surgery.
Divine (In)Corporeality in Psalms and Job
Authors: Hamilton Mark W 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Several texts in Job and Psalms demonstrate an awareness of the limits of bodily metaphors for deity, even while using those metaphors as stand-ins for divine knowledge, morality, and agency. These texts work out their understanding of Yhwh’s body through contrasts with other bodies, divine or human, which are epistemically flawed, used for immoral ends, and ultimately lacking in agency. Since they predate Philo’s arguments for a disembodied God, these texts demonstrate an important step in Israel’s developing ideas about the nature of God.
Simulation of the loss-cone instability in spherical systems – I. Dominating harmonic potential
Authors: Polyachenko E V , Berczik P , Just A , Shukhman I G 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
A new so-called ‘gravitational loss-cone instability’ in stellar systems has recently been investigated theoretically in the framework of linear perturbation theory and proved to be potentially important in understanding the physical processes in centres of galaxies, star clusters, and the Oort Cloud. Using N-body simulations of a toy model, we confirm previous findings for the dominating harmonic potential and go beyond the linear theory. Unlike the well-known instabilities, the new one shows no notable change in the spherical geometry of the cluster, but it significantly accelerates the speed of diffusion of particles in phase space leading to an early instability saturation.
Polca SARA – full polarization, direction-dependent calibration, and sparse imaging for radio interferometry
Authors: Birdi Jasleen , Repetti Audrey , Wiaux Yves 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTNew generation of radio interferometers are envisaged to produce high quality, high dynamic range Stokes images of the observed sky from the corresponding undersampled Fourier domain measurements. In practice, these measurements are contaminated by the instrumental and atmospheric effects that are well represented by Jones matrices, and are most often varying with observation direction and time. These effects, usually unknown, act as a limiting factor in achieving the required imaging performance and thus, their calibration is crucial. To address this issue, we develop a global algorithm, named Polca SARA, aiming to perform full polarization, direction-dependent calibration, and sparse imaging by employing a non-convex optimization technique. In contrast with the existing approaches, the proposed method offers global convergence guarantees and flexibility to incorporate sophisticated priors to regularize the imaging as well as the calibration problem. Thus, we adapt a polarimetric imaging specific method, enforcing the physical polarization constraint along with a sparsity prior for the sought images. We perform extensive simulation studies of the proposed algorithm. The results indicate the superior performance of polarization constraint based imaging when combined with the calibration of the direction-dependent effects for full Jones matrices, including their off-diagonal terms (denoting polarization leakage). The chosen priors in the proposed approach are also shown to handle the unitary ambiguity problem to a good extent.
Spectral energy distributions of candidate periodically variable quasars: testing the binary black hole hypothesis
Authors: Guo Hengxiao , Liu Xin , Zafar Tayyaba , Liao Wei-Ting 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Periodic quasars are candidates for binary supermassive black holes (BSBHs) efficiently emitting low-frequency gravitational waves. Recently, ∼150 candidates were identified from optical synoptic surveys. However, they may be false positives caused by stochastic quasar variability given the few cycles covered (typically 1.5). To independently test the binary hypothesis, we search for evidence of truncated or gapped circumbinary accretion discs (CBDs) in their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Our work is motivated by CBD simulations that predict flux deficits as cut-offs from central cavities opened by secondaries or notches from minidiscs around both BHs. We find that candidate periodic quasars show SEDs similar to those of control quasars matched in redshift and luminosity. While seven of 138 candidates show a blue cut-off in the IR–optical–UV SED, six of which may represent CBDs with central cavities, the red SED fraction is similar to that in control quasars, suggesting no correlation between periodicity and SED anomaly. Alternatively, dust reddening may cause red SEDs. The fraction of extremely radio-loud quasars, e.g. blazars (with R &gt; 100), is tentatively higher than that in control quasars (at 2.5σ). Our results suggest that, assuming most periodic candidates are robust, IR–optical–UV SEDs of CBDs are similar to those of accretion discs of single BHs, if the periodicity is driven by BSBHs; the higher blazar fraction may signal precessing radio jets. Alternatively, most current candidate periodic quasars identified from few-cycle light curves may be false positives. Their tentatively higher blazar fraction and lower Eddington ratios may both be caused by selection biases.
Spatial power spectra of dust across the Local Group: No constraint on disc scale height
Authors: Koch Eric W , Chiang (江宜達) I-Da , Utomo Dyas , Chastenet Jérémy , Leroy Adam K , Rosolowsky Erik W , Sandstrom Karin M 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We analyse the 1D spatial power spectra of dust surface density and mid to far-infrared emission at $24\!-\!500\, \mu$m in the LMC, SMC, M31, and M33. By forward-modelling the point spread function (PSF) on the power spectrum, we find that nearly all power spectra have a single power-law and point source component. A broken power-law model is only favoured for the LMC 24 μm MIPS power spectrum and is due to intense dust heating in 30 Doradus. We also test for local power spectrum variations by splitting the LMC and SMC maps into 820 pc boxes. We find significant variations in the power-law index with no strong evidence for breaks. The lack of a ubiquitous break suggests that the spatial power spectrum does not constrain the disc scale height. This contradicts claims of a break where the turbulent motion changes from 3D to 2D. The power spectrum indices in the LMC, SMC, and M31 are similar (2.0–2.5). M33 has a flatter power spectrum (1.3), similar to more distant spiral galaxies with a centrally-concentrated H2 distribution. We compare the power spectra of H i, CO, and dust in M31 and M33, and find that H i power spectra are consistently flatter than CO power spectra. These results cast doubt on the idea that the spatial power spectrum traces large scale turbulent motion in nearby galaxies. Instead, we find that the spatial power spectrum is influenced by (1) the PSF on scales below ∼3 times the FWHM, (2) bright compact regions (30 Doradus), and (3) the global morphology of the tracer (an exponential CO disc).
Introduction
Authors: Kukkonen Karin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The introduction to this volume presents the approach of predictive processing, outlines its applicability to literary texts, and provides a sketch of the overall argument of the book. The predictions relevant for predictive processing are defined as not necessarily conscious. They unfold over a cascade of feedback loops from embodied states and movements through predictions about thoughts and larger, culturally embedded presuppositions. With this new definition, the treatment of prediction in Probability Designs extends beyond the approaches from genre and ideology. It not only links to recent developments in cognitive literary studies with embodied and historically, culturally situated cognition but also provides the flexibility of constructed, changeable predictions and probabilities.
Plots and Probability Transformations
Authors: Kukkonen Karin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the chapters that follow, the first-order probability design around narrative plot is developed. I.1: Plot and Probability Transformations concerns itself with plot events and prediction errors. I.2: Probability Designs discusses the links between design, the creative process, and the author’s intentionality. Finally, I.3: The Height of Drop addresses how readers’ perception of probabilities is manipulated.
Pleasures and Precision Shifts
Authors: Kukkonen Karin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The chapter completes previous discussions of readers’ sense of agency (I.3) and sense of presence (II.2) by introducing the sense of flow. Readers’ sense of flow is modelled on Csikszentmihalyi’s notion of the ‘flow channel’, where a trade-off between challenges and enabling factors develops dynamically. The second-order probability design, with its embodied cues, provides a similar environment for readers, creating a sense of flow and readerly pleasure while reading. Through examples from Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina, Spufford’s Golden Hill, and Austen’s Persuasion, the chapter outlines different ways in which the sense of flow can be eased, complicated, and disrupted. It also links to traditional formalist arguments about defamiliarisation in literary texts.
Things That Did Not Happen
Authors: Kukkonen Karin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
While the perspective from predictive processing is based on predictions to be revised rather than gaps to be filled (see I.1), this chapter discusses what role textual gaps play when they do occur. It distinguishes between different kinds of gaps through (1) events that are not narrated or disnarrated, (2) events that never take place, and (3) permanent gaps that remain without resolution. The chapter outlines how in these instances precision expectations are manipulated and, furthermore, how these manipulations might provoke readers’ explorations of possible alternative configurations of the narrative in epistemic active inference. These explorative mental moves are also linked to discussions around mind-wandering and reading.
Reading by Proxy
Authors: Kukkonen Karin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The chapter addresses how unfamiliar references can do important interpretive work in the third-order probability design. It begins with the observation that readers often do not need to have read the texts that characters read or hold in their libraries to nevertheless get a clear sense of what kind of precision expectation these references provide. The process of discerning what predictions are likely to be relevant without the necessary textual knowledge is introduced as ‘reading by proxy’. It is supported by the text’s probability design. The chapter goes on to discuss the implications of reading by proxy for the analysis of texts from a different historical period and relates predictive processing to schema theory.
Introduction
Authors: Azize Joseph 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The introduction provides the necessary background and definitions to study our questions: When and why did Gurdjieff introduce his contemplation-like exercises, and why? It defines “meditation,” “contemplation,” “mysticism,” “Western Esotericism,” and four terms to be used for Gurdjieff’s internal exercises: “task,” “discipline,” “Aiëssirittoorassnian-contemplation,” and “Transformed-contemplation.” It sketches the thesis that Gurdjieff’s method as a whole tends towards mysticism, and that while it was not Christian, some of its sources were. However, Gurdjieff did not accept the conventional distinction between the active and the contemplative life, and had not initially intended to introduce contemplation-like exercises; and when eventually he did, some of them were to be practiced in daily life, and all exercises were placed them within a system which would bring the influence of these exercises into other activities.
Gurdjieff in the Late 1930s
Authors: Azize Joseph 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The more reliable and datable exercises for Gurdjieff’s activities in the 1930s is examined in this chapter: these comprise an “Exercise concerning Aim and Energy”, “There Are Two Parts to Air,” and “Make Strong! Not Easy Thing.” These, together with the reminiscences of Hulme, support the thesis that, in this period, Gurdjieff was developing his exercises of Transformed-contemplation, but that they did not possess the sophistication of those he purportedly taught in Life Is Real, Only Then, When “I Am.” The situation of Gurdjieff’s teaching in 1939 is reviewed: he has claimed to find his system in monasteries located in Central Asia, yet what he taught was for use in the social domain of life, not in monastic settings. The car accident of 1925 had prompted him to evaluate his career so far. It seems that he had concluded that the methods he had used had not succeeded as he had hoped, and as Ouspensky had not published the promised introduction to his teaching, he began to write himself, with the assistance of A.R. Orage, and then to develop the exercises which are the subject of this book. Here again, Orage was important, as bringing the initiative to the formulation, elaboration and use of the more basic exercises Gurdjieff had previously employed.
The Clear Impressions Exercise
Authors: Azize Joseph 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This exercise was taught by George Adie. It is almost certainly an otherwise unknown example of Gurdjieff’s Transformed-contemplation, being referred to in nothing which has previously been published. It was given as an exercise to help one come to a sense of one’s own being, reality, and presence by looking about one while sensing parts of the body in a definite order, and stopping thought (stopping what Gurdjieff called “formatory thought” or “mechanical thought”, so as to allow a higher level of thought to operate). According to the theory, by stopping formatory thought while receiving impressions, the impressions can be received more consciously, and so serve as a better quality “food” the alchemical human “food factory.” This also aims to have the effect of allowing a feeling of oneself, rather than negative emotions, to appear. By facilitating consciousness of the sensation of one’s body, freedom from negative emotion and from mechanical thought, we are believed to become more open to higher influences, and hence to a higher state of being.
Introduction
Authors: Dienstag Joshua Foa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Film offers us many perspectives on political representation that are not otherwise readily available. Good representation is hard to conceptualize and hard to enact because the human being to be represented politically is not like any other object. Human subjectivity is always evolving; therefore, its representation is always chasing after a moving target. Film, as a moving image, has some advantages in representing this kind of being. But film also shows the limits of representation that frustrate democratic aims. This chapter outlines the dilemmas of representation that are discussed in the rest of the book.
The Up Series and the Future of Representation
Authors: Dienstag Joshua Foa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Why are democratic populations so dissatisfied with their representatives even when elections are free and fair and the representatives are honest and well-informed about their constituents’ desires? The Up documentary series, which follow the same small group of Britons for fifty years, helps us to understand and address this perpetual problem. Humans are hard to represent, both because they are always growing and changing and because they are often opaque to themselves. Thus, human freedom and any static representation are in permanent tension. Individually, the Up films each have this problem, but as a series, they are an accumulating presentation of citizens as emergent in time and therefore show something of their subjects that they cannot show by themselves. Representation, properly structured, may express freedom, but it cannot embody it. The Up films do not show how representation can succeed but how it can fail better.
The Brussels Effect
Authors: Bradford Anu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chapter 2 lays out the conditions under which a single jurisdiction exerts global regulatory authority and shows why the EU today is in a unique position to assume the role of a global regulatory hegemon. These conditions explain the emergence and prevalence of the Brussels Effect. A country’s market size is a well-understood proxy for its ability to exercise regulatory authority over foreign corporations and individuals. But market size alone does not guarantee global regulatory influence. The state must also have the regulatory capacity as well as the political will to generate stringent rules. Moreover, the Brussels Effect only occurs when the EU regulates inelastic targets, such as consumer markets as opposed to capital. Unlike capital, consumers are not able to flee to less regulated jurisdictions, compromising the EU’s regulatory clout. Finally, EU standards become global only when companies’ production or conduct is non-divisible—in other words, when a company’s benefits of adhering to a single standard exceed the benefits of taking advantage of laxer standards in other markets. These conditions, taken together, explain why the EU is the only regulatory regime that can wield unilateral regulatory influence across global markets today.
The King of Seringapatam
Authors: Simmons Caleb 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The focus of this chapter is on two texts—the Book of Haidar (Haidar Nama) and the History of Haidar (Nishan-i Haidari)—that relate Tipu Sultan’s genealogy. Of particular interest is the incorporation of tropes from the local southern Karnataka and Kannadiga genealogical tradition that demonstrates how Tipu Sultan and his court acted as adept curators of the historical tradition, constructing a narrative of succession that placed Tipu Sultan as the pinnacle of the kings of Shrirangapattana and its divinely elected ruler. By careful and selective use of the genealogical materials from the courts of his predecessors and through the construction of genealogies of his own family, the court of Tipu Sultan created a complex view of sovereign succession in which both the biological body of the king and the body politic were united as a result of his biological uniqueness and his divine election.
At Home
Authors: Lim Sun Sun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on transcendent parenting practices and young people’s lives in the home setting in Singapore. It discusses how parents perceive their multifaceted roles as principal nurturers, disciplinarians, teachers, friends, counsellors, advocates, and even managers of their children to ensure that their children have the best material conditions and socioemotional support at home to help them thrive in their academic pursuits to attain future social mobility, security, and comfort. Such hefty parenting aspirations and duties are especially manifested and explicated through their use of mobile media, their mediation of the children’s technology use, and the varied ways in which mobile communication shapes their family practices, habits, and routines for the purpose of creating a healthy and child-friendly home media use environment.
American Voter Turnout
Authors: Shaw Daron R. , Petrocik John R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides a brief history of voter turnout in the U.S. It documents growth from a small electorate to one that mobilized some 80 percent of eligible voters by the middle of the nineteenth century, and a decline to lower turnout through much of the twentieth and into the twenty-first century despite repeated extensions of the franchise and less restrictive registration and voting requirements. Variation in contemporary turnout is examined in some detail in order to clarify the individual-level relationships that lead to the conventional wisdom concerning a partisan bias to turnout. Differences in turnout and party dynamics with otherwise comparable countries are also assessed.
Congressional District Results
Authors: Shaw Daron R. , Petrocik John R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
There are demographic and political factors beyond turnout that matter for elections. Congressional districts are sufficiently small and homogeneous to permit an examination of turnout in the context of relevant political and demographic variables. That controlled analysis is presented here. For the two most recent decades, this chapter uses data sets that include relevant demographic and political variables for each of the congressional districts, including the ethnicity of the electorate, its age profile, and district income to account for the effect of socioeconomic status on the Democratic vote share. This contextual information presses the analysis one level further. An estimation of the relationship between turnout and Democratic vote is strengthened when other factors that are known to influence support for the Democrats are considered and included in the models.