bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes in adults with intellectual disability: prevalence and associated demographic, lifestyle, independence and health factors
Authors: Tyrer F. , Ling S. , Bhaumik S. , Gangadharan S. K. , Khunti K. , Gray L. J. , Dunkley A. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are now living longer, they are more at risk of developing non‐communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, understanding of factors associated with diabetes for targeted management and prevention strategies is limited. This study aimed to investigate prevalence of diabetes in adults (aged ≥18 years) with ID and its relationship with demographic, lifestyle, independence and health factors.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional analysis of interview data from 1091 adults with ID from the Leicestershire Learning Disability Register from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2016. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with diabetes in the study population.ResultsThe study population did not have healthy lifestyles: just under half reported having lower physical activity levels than people without ID of a similar age; one‐quarter consumed fizzy drinks daily; and 20% consumed five or more fruit and/or vegetables per day. Prevalence of carer/self‐reported diabetes was 7.3% (95% confidence interval 5.9–9.0). After adjustment, diabetes was positively associated with South Asian ethnicity (P = 0.03) and older age groups (P < 0.001). Diabetes was less common in people living with family members (P = 0.02). We did not find a relationship between any of the lifestyle, independence and health factors investigated.ConclusionsA significant proportion of people with ID are living with diabetes. Diabetes management and prevention strategies should be tailored to individuals' complex needs and include consideration of lifestyle choices. Such strategies may want to focus on adults of South Asian ethnicity and people living in residential homes where prevalence appears to be higher.
ASIC1a channels regulate mitochondrial ion signaling and energy homeostasis in neurons
Authors: Savic Azoulay Ivana , Liu Fan , Hu Qin , Rozenfeld Maya , Ben Kasus Nissim Tsipi , Zhu Michael X. , Sekler Israel , Xu Tian‐Le 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcid‐sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is well‐known to play a major pathophysiological role during brain ischemia linked to acute acidosis of ~pH 6, whereas its function during physiological brain activity, linked to much milder pH changes, is still poorly understood. Here, by performing live cell imaging utilizing Na+ and Ca2+ sensitive and spatially specific fluorescent dyes, we investigated the role of ASIC1a in cytosolic Na+ and Ca2+ signals elicited by a mild extracellular drop from pH 7.4 to 7.0 and how these affect mitochondrial Na+ and Ca2+ signaling or metabolic activity. We show that in mouse primary cortical neurons, this small extracellular pH change triggers cytosolic Na+ and Ca2+ waves that propagate to mitochondria. Inhibiting ASIC1a with Psalmotoxin 1 or ASIC1a gene knockout blocked not only the cytosolic but also the mitochondrial Na+ and Ca2+ signals. Moreover, physiological activation of ASIC1a by this pH shift enhances mitochondrial respiration and evokes mitochondrial Na+ signaling even in digitonin‐permeabilized neurons. Altogether our results indicate that ASIC1a is critical in linking physiological extracellular pH stimuli to mitochondrial ion signaling and metabolic activity and thus is an important metabolic sensor.
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Sustainability and Consumption: What's Gender Got to Do with It?
Authors: Bloodhart Brittany , Swim Janet K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGender plays an important role in considerations of sustainable consumption. Not only are there gender differences in the amount and type of sustainable consumption among women and men, but gender stereotypes and norms shape the way women and men think about the topic, respond to its necessity, and choose to act. Further, differences are embedded in larger lifestyle practices and intersect with other social identities, which can alter the occurrence or manifestations of gender differences in environmentally relevant actions. Finally, efforts to make consumption more sustainable are both influenced by and influence people differently based on gender as well as other marginalized group statuses. We highlight major psychological and social science research on the gendered aspects of sustainable consumption. Our goal is to illuminate social influences on gender differences in behaviors, motivations, and solutions and to emphasize the need for future policies and practices related to sustainable consumption to address and improve issues of gender equality.
Crafting Mosaics: Person‐Centered Religious Influence and Selection in Adolescent Friendships
Authors: adams jimi , Schaefer David R. , Ettekal Andrea Vest 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis research addresses the intersection of two key domains of adolescents’ lives: religion and peer networks. Religion scholars argue that religion is multi‐faceted and better understood by focusing on combinations of indicators (i.e., mosaics), versus a variable‐centered approach. We adopt this framework and investigate the interplay between religion and peer networks, both in how religious mosaics are shaped by friends and how religious profiles affect friend selection dynamics. With data from two schools in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we estimate religious mosaics using latent class analysis (LCA) to identify profiles consisting of combinations of commonly available survey‐based measures of religious attitudes, behaviors, and identities. Finding evidence of theoretically expected profiles, we then use stochastic actor–based models (SABMs) to investigate network dynamics for these LCA‐based religious profiles. We demonstrate how the profile data can be integrated within the SABM framework to evaluate processes of friend selection and influence. Results show evidence of adolescents influencing one another's religious mosaics, but not selecting friends on that basis.
Value and Obligation Once More
Authors: González Ana Marta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInUnderstanding Moral Obligation(2012), Robert Stern sets out to provide a fresh interpretation of the role of autonomy in Kant's moral philosophy and attempts to rectify J. B. Schneewind's standard account inThe Invention of Autonomy(1998). While Stern agrees that Kant's resort to autonomy is at the basis of a constructivist account of moral obligation, he claims that autonomy plays no role in Kant's theory of value, such that, in this respect, Kant remains a realist. Accordingly, Stern characterizes Kant's moral philosophy as a “hybrid” view because he sees it as involving a compromise between realism with regard to value and constructivism with regard to obligation. Stern's interpretation relies on a sharp distinction between value and obligation. The purpose of the present article is to question Stern's reliance on that rigid distinction, which involves intermixing theoretical and practical reason and assumes a distorted view of human agency.
Doing Ethics or Changing for the Better?
Authors: Cojocaru Mara‐Daria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, classical pragmatism is used as a method, not as a substantial ethical theory, to develop “moral pragmatics.” Moral pragmatics offers a constructive approach for making progress where traditional ethical theories converge, and it innovates ethical deliberation. Assuming widespread agreement that real moral problems need practical solutions, the paper addresses two related problems: the missing link between ethical theories and moral practice, and the question of who is in charge of finding such solutions. It argues that “conscience” can create a link between ethical knowledge and moral practice, and that this partly discharges “the ethicist” from the task of solving problems that are not really, or not only, hers. Two specific methodological innovations are suggested that go beyond admonitions to render ethics sensitive to context. Instead, a reevaluation of “casuistry” and a sensitivity for “finding the right words” give an idea of how to achieve this goal.
The Dizzying Turn of Epistemic Contextualism
Authors: Grindrod Jumbly 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe debate concerning epistemic contextualism represents a kind of linguistic turn in epistemology, where the focus has shifted from theorising about knowledge to theorising about knowledge attributions. Such a shift may well prove valuable, but only if we are clear on what the relationship is between a semantic analysis of knowledge attributions and a philosophical analysis of knowledge. One plausible approach is to claim that the semantic analysis entails and is entailed by the philosophical analysis. Yet this view—referred to here as the default view—has been explicitly adopted by few in the contextualism debate. This paper considers a form of argument in favour of the default view, and then considers the challenges that arise from either accepting or rejecting the default view.
One or two membranes? Diderm Firmicutes challenge the Gram‐positive/Gram‐negative divide
Authors: Megrian Daniela , Taib Najwa , Witwinowski Jerzy , Beloin Christophe , Gribaldo Simonetta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHow, when and why the transition between cell envelopes with one membrane (Gram‐positives or monoderms) and two (Gram‐negative or diderms) occurred in Bacteria is a key unanswered question in evolutionary biology. Different hypotheses have been put forward, suggesting that either the monoderm or the diderm phenotype is ancestral. The existence of diderm members in the classically monoderm Firmicutes challenges the Gram‐positive/Gram‐negative divide and provides a great opportunity to tackle the issue. In this review, we present current knowledge on the diversity of bacterial cell envelopes, including these atypical Firmicutes. We discuss how phylogenomic analysis supports the hypothesis that the diderm cell envelope architecture is an ancestral character in the Firmicutes, and that the monoderm phenotype in this phylum arose multiple times independently by loss of the outer membrane. Given the overwhelming distribution of diderm phenotypes with respect to monoderm ones, this scenario likely extends to the ancestor of all bacteria. Finally, we discuss the recent development of genetic tools for Veillonella parvula, a diderm Firmicute member of the human microbiome, which indicates it as an emerging new experimental model to investigate fundamental aspects of the diderm/monoderm transition.
Prevalence and impact of self‐reported painful and non‐painful constipation in the general population
Authors: Pannemans Jasper , Van den Houte Karen , Fischler Benjamin , Piessevaux Hubert , Carbone Florencia , Tack Jan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionChronic constipation, defined by the Rome IV criteria, is a highly prevalent functional bowel disorder with major overlap with other bowel disorders. Therefore, a pooled‐analysis to evaluate the presence of self‐reported constipation in the general population was conducted. Further, its association with other bowel symptoms and its health‐economic impact was analyzed.MethodsCollection of information on bowel symptoms’ prevalence and their impact was done through an Internet survey (Medistrat Internet panel). The analysis focused on patients who reported constipation symptoms over the last 12 months. Firstly, participants who with or without constipation were compared. Secondly, subjects reporting constipation with (PC) or without abdominal pain (NPC) were studied.Key ResultsA total of 1012 subjects (45.2 ± 0.5 years old, 62% females), of whom 217 (21%) reported constipation, completed the survey. Women were significantly more represented in the group reporting constipation compared to those with other bowel symptoms (81.57% vs 56.60%, P < .0001). Subjects reporting constipation experienced more additional bowel symptoms than those who did not report constipation [3(2‐6) vs 2(1‐4), P < .0001]. Of those with constipation, 134 patients reported NPC compared to 83 patients with PC. The presence of PC was associated with higher prevalence of diarrhea symptoms, alternating bowel movements, bloating, cramps, gas, and altered stool frequency and consistency (all P < .01). Out of 83 PC patients, 38 (45.24%) fulfilled the Rome IV IBS criteria.ConclusionSelf‐reported constipation, often associated with other bowel symptoms, is a highly prevalent condition in the Belgian general population. Especially when abdominal pain is present, this generates major healthcare costs.
Estimating the obstetric co‐morbidity burden using administrative data: The impact of the pregnancy‐related assessment window
Authors: Salemi Jason L. , Hansen Michael A. , Modak Sanjukta , Matas Jennifer L. , Germanos George J. , Raza Syed Ahsan , Agana Denny Fe G. , Louis Judette M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite increased research using large administrative databases to identify determinants of maternal morbidity and mortality, the extent to which these databases capture obstetric co‐morbidities is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact that the time window used to assess obstetric co‐morbidities has on the completeness of ascertainment of those co‐morbidities.MethodsWe conducted a five‐year analysis of inpatient hospitalisations of pregnant women from 2010‐2014 using the Nationwide Readmissions Database. For each woman, using discharge diagnoses, we identified 24 conditions used to create the Obstetric Comorbidity Index. Using various assessment windows for capturing obstetric co‐morbidities, including the delivery hospitalisation only and all weekly windows from 7 to 280 days, we calculated the frequency and rate of each co‐morbidity and the degree of underascertainment of the co‐morbidity. Under each scenario, and for each co‐morbidity, we also calculated the all‐cause, 30‐day readmission rate.ResultsThere were over 3 million delivery hospitalisations from 2010 to 2014 included in this analysis. Compared with a full 280‐day window, assessment of obstetric co‐morbidities using only diagnoses made during the delivery hospitalisation would result in failing to identify over 35% of cases of chronic renal disease, 28.5% cases in which alcohol abuse was documented during pregnancy, and 23.1% of women with pulmonary hypertension. For seven other co‐morbidities, at least 1 in 20 women with that condition would have been missed with exclusive reliance on the delivery hospitalisation for co‐morbidity diagnoses. Not only would reliance on delivery hospitalisations have resulted in missed cases of co‐morbidities, but for many conditions, estimates of readmission rates for women with obstetric co‐morbidities would have been underestimated.ConclusionsAn increasing proportion of maternal and child health research is based on large administrative databases. This study provides data that facilitate the assessment of the degree to which important obstetric co‐morbidities may be underascertained when using these databases.
Association between sleep, care burden, and related factors among family caregivers at home
Authors: Ryuno Hirochika , Greiner Chieko , Yamaguchi Yuko , Fujimoto Hirokazu , Hirota Misato , Uemura Hisayo , Iguchi Hitoshi , Kabayama Mai , Kamide Kei 
Published: January 2020

AimSeveral studies have reported a negative correlation between depressive symptoms and family caregivers' (FCs) subjective sleep status. However, there is a paucity of information on the association between objective/subjective sleep status, care burden, and related factors.MethodsParticipants were 23 pairs of care receivers (CRs; Mage = 82.7 ± 8.5 years; 69.6% women) receiving long‐term care at home and their FCs (Mage = 66.9 ± 11.0 years; 69.6% women). At baseline, demographic data, subjective sleep status (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQI), WHO‐5 well‐being, depressive mood, and frequency of going outdoors were collected. FCs wore a small, wrist‐worn device with an accelerometer to assess objective sleep status for a consecutive 24‐h 2‐week period, and they answered the Zarit Burden Interview short version (ZBI) every night before sleep. After 3 months, CR status was collected and analysed retrospectively.ResultsThe mean total sleep time over 2 weeks was 349.5 ± 69.6 min. The mean ZBI score over 2 weeks was 8.8 ± 6.8, which was significantly correlated with total sleep time (r = −0.42; P < 0.05), total time in bed (r = −0.44; P < 0.05), PSQI (r = 0.62; P < 0.01), frequency of going outdoors by CRs (r = −0.42; P < 0.05), and WHO‐5 well‐being among CRs (r = −0.50; P < 0.05). Multiple regression analyses revealed that total sleep time (β = −0.51; P < 0.05) was significantly associated with care burden (adjusted R2 = 0.45). At the 3‐month follow‐up, four CRs had been hospitalised or died, and their FCs displayed significantly severe care burden and slept less than at baseline.ConclusionsReduced objective total sleep time is significantly associated with the severity of care burden among FCs. Home‐based care is critical in Japan; therefore, it is meaningful to determine how to reduce care burden.
Atonement and the Knowledge of God: Alvin Plantinga and Eleanore StumpAtonement, EleonoreStump, Oxford University Press, 2018 (ISBN 978‐0‐19‐881386‐6), xviii + 510 pp., hb £60Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God: The Plantinga Project, Jerry L.Walls and TrentDougherty (eds), Oxford University Press, 2018 (ISBN 978‐0‐19‐084221‐5), xiv + 486 pp., hb £64
Authors: Anderson Owen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlvin Plantinga and Eleonore Stump represent the best of the analytic philosophical and theological school for the past four decades. Is God real and is God knowledge? The collection of essays from the Plantinga Project looks at just these questions. What is sin and how can it be atoned for? Eleonore Stump's book gives her new unique answer to those questions. Behind both is a method and an approach to knowing that has become formative in Christian philosophy. Has this method helped in explaining what Christians mean when they affirm that the eternal power and divine nature of God are clearly seen from the things that are made so that unbelief is without excuse?
The Centrality of Hope to Christian Ethics: Two Recent ReflectionsEthics of Hope, JürgenMoltmann, Fortress, 2012 (ISBN 978‐0‐8006‐9858‐4), xv + 271 pp., pb $29Hope and Christian Ethics, DavidElliot, Cambridge University Press, 2017 (ISBN 978‐1‐107‐15617‐3), xvi + 270 pp., hb £80
Authors: Coombe Cameron 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo recent works address the role of hope in Christian ethics, though with quite different results. The first, by seasoned theologian Jürgen Moltmann, takes a lifetime's worth of reflection on the transformative nature of hope and draws out its ethical implications. The second appears as the first major work from David Elliot, meeting avoidance or explicit rejection of hope in contemporary ethics with a robustly Thomistic response. After an exposition of each book, key differences emerge. Moltmann advances concrete ethical proposals, whereas Elliot engages important theoretical questions. Moltmann develops an ethics for today, whereas Elliot takes a more general approach. Some criticisms that Elliot makes of Moltmann's theology provide a point of departure for discussion of these and other differences between the two works.
Improvisations in Thomistic Methaphysics: Reading Ferdinand UlrichHomo Abyssus: The Drama of the Question of Being, FerdinandUlrich, Humanum Academic, 2018 (ISBN 978‐1‐948195‐01‐0), lviii + 526 pp., hb $70A Companion to Ferdinand Ulrich's Homo Abyssus, D. C.Schindler, Humanum Academic, 2019 (ISBN 978‐1‐948195‐03‐4), x + 238 pp., pb $30
Authors: Platter Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe recent translation of the philosophical work of Ferdinand Ulrich has the potential to make a significant contribution to the ongoing debates about the role of metaphysics in theology. Together with D. C. Schindler's Companion, this difficult book is made more accessible. While Ulrich's Homo Abyssus generates sophisticated and nuanced responses to various forms of post‐ or anti‐metaphysical theology (especially those in the wake of Heidegger), perhaps its greatest contribution is an altogether more humane way of pursuing metaphysics.
A novel method for the laboratory workup of anaphylactic transfusion reactions in haptoglobin‐deficient patients
Authors: Thoren Katie L. , Avecilla Scott T. , Klimek Virginia , Goss Cheryl 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUNDPatients with congenital haptoglobin deficiency can develop anti‐haptoglobin antibodies after exposure to blood products, and they can suffer from life‐threatening anaphylactic transfusion reactions. Here, we present a case of a 57‐year‐old Chinese male with myelodysplastic syndrome who manifested an anaphylactic transfusion reaction during the transfusion of platelets. The only abnormality detected during his reaction laboratory workup was an undetectable haptoglobin level in the absence of evidence of hemolysis.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSurface plasmon resonance (SPR) was explored as a method to be able to detect the presence of anti‐haptoglobin antibodies in serum. First, haptoglobin was immobilized to the surface of an SPR sensor chip. The patient's serum sample was injected, and the binding response was monitored in real time. Serum samples from five healthy volunteers were used as negative controls. Binding specificity was assessed in competition experiments using soluble haptoglobin. Anti‐IgG, ‐IgA, ‐IgM, ‐IgD and ‐IgE antibodies were used to identify the antibody isotype.RESULTSAn IgG anti‐haptoglobin antibody was detected in the patient's serum with SPR.CONCLUSIONSPR provided a rapid, readily available method for the detection of an IgG anti‐haptoglobin antibody in an anhaptoglobinemic individual. This confirmed the underlying etiology of the anaphylactic nonhemolytic transfusion reaction and justified the necessity of stringently washed cellular products for all future transfusions and strong caution for future use of plasma‐containing products.
Analytical Expression for Concentration Overpotential of Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based on the Dusty Gas Model
Authors: Das Sandipan Kumar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Dusty Gas model (DGM), despite being arguably the most accurate representation of gas diffusion in electrodes, is not readily adopted in the literature as it entails relatively expensive numerical integration of differential equations for concentration polarization calculations. To address this issue, this article demonstrates an analytical procedure to solve the DGM equations in a fuel cell electrode setting. In the process, it highlights the differences with previous attempts in the literature and improves upon the shortcomings. This paper specifically provides explicit expressions of concentration overpotentials of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for binary and ternary gas systems via the analytical solution of DGM equations in one dimension without considering the viscous effects. The model predictions match very well with the experimental data available in the open literature. This paper also provides a semi-analytical framework for higher-order multicomponent systems. Finally, the effect of the pore-size distribution in the porous electrode on the concentration polarization is thoroughly explored.
Retracted: “Application of Proper Orthogonal Composition Method in Unsteady Flow Field Analysis of Axial High Bypass Fan” [ASME 2019 Gas Turbine India Conference, Volume 1: Compressors, Fans, and Pumps; Turbines; Heat Transfer; Structures and Dynamics, Chennai, India, December 5–6, 2019, Conference Sponsors: International Gas Turbine Institute, ISBN: 978-0-7918-8352-5, Copyright © 2019 by ASME. Paper No: GTINDIA2019-2305, pp. V001T01A001; 6 pages; doi: 10.1115/GTINDIA2019-2305]
Authors: ASME  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The above referenced paper has been removed from publication. (April 21, 2020)
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