bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalência da anomalia de Linburg-Comstock em uma amostra populacional brasileira
Authors: Barreto Leonardo Coêlho de Alencar , Fernandes Carlos Henrique , Nakachima Luis Renato , Santos João Baptista Gomes dos , Fernandes Marcela , Faloppa Flavio 
Published: March 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Determinar a prevalência da anomalia de Linburg-Comstock em uma amostra populacional brasileira.
Métodos Estudo observacional transversal realizado no período de outubro de 2017 a abril de 2018. Foram incluídos voluntários dos gêneros feminino e masculino, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. A presença da anomalia de Linburg-Comstock foi determinada pela realização dos testes clínicos descritos por Linburg e Comstock. Os dados foram analisados por meio do software GraphPad Prism, sendo consideradas diferenças com valores de p < 0,05.
Resultados O estudo analisou 1.008 voluntários (2.016 mãos) com idade média de 38,3 anos, dos quais 531 (52,67%) eram do gênero masculino, e 477 (47,33%) eram do gênero feminino. A anomalia de Linburg-Comstock foi diagnosticada em 564 voluntários (55,95%) da população estudada, sendo bilateral em 300 (53,2%), direita em 162 (28,72%), e esquerda em 102 (18,08%). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas quando se comparou a prevalência entre os gêneros. Porém, foi encontrada uma maior prevalência da anomalia direita na população masculina (n = 99; 70,21%) do que na feminina (n = 63; 51,21%), com p = 0,0016. Além disso, a presença da dor pela manobra descrita por Linburg e Comstock foi mais prevalente nas mulheres (n = 150; 54,94%) do que nos homens (n = 105; 36,08%), com p = 0,0001. Estes resultados mostram a importância dos estudos epidemiológicos sobre a anomalia de Linburg-Comstock, principalmente com o intuito de investigar a presença de afecções associadas.
Conclusão A prevalência da anomalia de Linburg-Comstock na população estudada foi de 55,95%, sendo bilateral em 53,2% dos voluntários. A presença da conexão foi observada com maior frequência do lado direito em homens, mas o sintoma dor foi mais frequente nas mulheres.
How cortical waves drive fission of motile cells
Authors: Flemming Sven , Font Francesc , Alonso Sergio , Beta Carsten 
Published: March 2020

Significance StatementCell division is one of the most fundamental processes of life at the cellular level. Here, we report a form of cell division that is driven by self-organized actin waves and, in contrast to conventional cytokinesis in animal cells, does not require the formation of an actomyosin contractile ring. Daughter cells that emerge from this process of wave-mediated cytofission have a well-controlled size and exhibit the so-called fan-shaped phenotype that is characterized by a stable elongated shape and highly persistent locomotion. In the framework of synthetic biology, this primitive form of cell division may serve as a paradigm of how to implement a self-organized proliferation strategy in artificial cells that are equipped with a minimal actin cortex.
Multi-directionality in language transfer
Authors: Pereyron Leticia , Alves Ubiratã K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study addresses the multi-directionality of vowel transfer by L1 Riverplate Spanish learners of Brazilian Portuguese. We verify the influence of the second language (L2) and the third language (L3) on the production of the mother tongue (L1). Our results showed that (1) the development of the Brazilian Portuguese vowel system was highly dependent on the language systems the participants had previously acquired, and (2) the presence of an L2 or L3 system also affected the L1 (and the L2 system, in the case of the acquisition of an L3). These results shed some light on the multi-directionality of language transfer, as they show that all language systems are in constant development and interaction throughout the whole lifespan.
Exploring second language acquisition
Authors: Ferraro Rita 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the role of implicit and explicit knowledge in Second Language Acquisition (SLA). Through Action Research (AR) across a three-year period, involving 160 native English-speaking adult participants from Australia, with little to no exposure to second/foreign language learning, this research explores how language students draw on their explicit and implicit knowledge of their native language to inform their sense-making of a second language. This research finds that students utilise their explicit/implicit knowledge of their native language as a framework to make sense of the target language, in this case, Portuguese. It further finds that students with poor explicit knowledge in their native language have difficulty grasping explicit instruction in the target language.
The linguistic and anthropological dimensions within enunciation in additional languages
Authors: Sommer-Farias Bruna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Drawing from enunciative linguistics (Benveniste, 1966; 1974)1 and the anthropology of enunciation (Dessons, 2006), this study suggests that both teacher and student discourses are rooted in speaker and language analyst categories. Analysis of dialogues between a teacher and her students in a Portuguese as an additional language classroom revealed two mechanisms: (1) the teacher’s history of utterances, and (2) the learners’ inquiries. Both mechanisms address reorganization of form and meaning based on previous experiences in the language. Importance of language awareness and implications for teacher education are discussed.
Something seems to have changed
Authors: Nieuwenhuijsen Dorien 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the claim that when a full verb is
grammaticalized and becomes an auxiliary it is subjected to a process of
desemanticization or semantic bleaching. For this matter, the Spanish
periphrasis parecer + infinitive (‘to seem’) is analysed on
the basis of the three semantic-pragmatic tendencies proposed by Traugott (1989). It is shown how in
the course of time the original meaning of physical appearance of the
periphrasis developed into the current epistemic and evidential meaning,
shifting from a concrete to a more abstract meaning. The semantic shift, so
it is argued, does not involve a loss of meaning but constitutes a case of
generalization, allowing for the use of the periphrasis with all six
grammatical persons.
On the importance of a diachronic approach to phraseology
Authors: Sánchez-López Elena 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A diachronic approach to Phraseology may provide us the
key to understand the nature of the phraseological phenomenon, thus
contributing to the establishment of the subdiscipline. In this paper, we
underline the relation between Phraseology and language change, showing the
similarities between Phraseologization and Grammaticalization processes and,
subsequently, focusing on their differences. Having explained the general
Phraseologization process, we focus on its three sides: the acquisition of
structural, semantic and pragmatic fixedness, leading to the synchronic
features known as polylexicality and idiomaticity. Having seen the
importance of semantic and pragmatic factors in the process, we describe
Phraseologization in terms of semantic change, using the Spanish idiom “con
pelos y señales” as an example.
On using converging shock waves for pressure amplification in shock tubes
Authors: Sembian S , Liverts M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
While conventional shock tubes have a distinct advantage in dynamic calibration methods due to their inherent capability to generate pressure pulses of desired amplitude and fast rise time, they are limited to the lower levels of the pressure amplitude realization range (≤7 MPa). With the increasing need for a traceable dynamic calibration standard across wider pressure ranges, a novel technique using converging shock waves is demonstrated in this work that pushes the upper limit of the standard shock tube into the medium-high pressure range. The experiments are conducted in the shock tube facility equipped with a test section that smoothly transforms the incident plane shock into a spherical shock wave that converges, accelerates and thereby amplifies its strength many folds. The experimentally recorded pressure traces are compared with numerical simulations performed by an in-house code. Using this technique, pressure pulses with peak amplitudes in the range of 30–40 MPa, with

<

3.4% uncertainty based on numerical reference profile, were realized in the test section with nominal usage of resources.
Shifting economic activity to services has limited potential to reduce global environmental impacts due to the household consumption of labour
Authors: Greenford D Horen , Crownshaw T , Lesk C , Stadler K , Matthews H D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The tertiary (or ‘service’) sector is commonly identified as a relatively clean part of the economy. Accordingly, sustainable development policy routinely invokes ‘tertiarization’—a shift from primary and secondary sectors to the tertiary sector—as a means of decoupling economic growth from environmental damages. However, this argument does not account for environmental impacts related to the household consumption of tertiary sector employees. Here we show using a novel analytical framework that when the household consumption of labour is treated as a necessary and endogenous input to production, the environmental impacts of all sectors converge. This shift in perspective also exacerbates existing disparities in the attribution of environmental impact from economic activity among developed and developing economies. Our findings suggest that decoupling of economic activity from environmental impacts is unlikely to be achieved by transitioning to a service-based economy alone, but rather, that reducing environmental damages from economic activity may require fundamental changes to the scale and composition of consumption across all economic sectors.
Characterizing quantum states via sector lengths
Authors: Wyderka N , Gühne O 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Correlations in multiparticle systems are constrained by restrictions from quantum mechanics. A prominent example for these restrictions are monogamy relations, limiting the amount of entanglement between pairs of particles in a three-particle system. A powerful tool to study correlation constraints is the notion of sector lengths. These quantify, for different k, the amount of k-partite correlations in a quantum state in a basis-independent manner. We derive tight bounds on the sector lengths in multi-qubit states and highlight applications of these bounds to entanglement detection, monogamy relations and the n-representability problem. For the case of two- and three qubits we characterize the possible sector lengths completely and prove a symmetrized version of strong subadditivity for the linear entropy.
Randomized benchmarking in the analogue setting
Authors: Derbyshire E , Malo J Yago , Daley A J , Kashefi E , Wallden P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Current development in programmable analogue quantum simulators (AQS), whose physical implementation can be realised in the near-term compared to those of large-scale digital quantum computers, highlights the need for robust testing techniques in analogue platforms. Methods to properly certify or benchmark AQS should be efficiently scalable, and also provide a way to deal with errors from state preparation and measurement (SPAM). Up to now, attempts to address this combination of requirements have generally relied on model-specific properties. We put forward a new approach, applying a well-known digital noise characterisation technique called randomized benchmarking (RB) to the analogue setting. RB is a scalable experimental technique that provides a measure of the average error-rate of a gate-set on a quantum hardware, incorporating SPAM errors. We present the original form of digital RB, the necessary alterations to translate it to the analogue setting and introduce the analogue randomized benchmarking protocol (ARB). In ARB we measure the average error-rate per time evolution of a family of Hamiltonians and we illustrate this protocol with two case-studies of analogue models; classically simulating the system by incorporating several physically motivated noise scenarios. We find that for the noise models tested, the data fit with the theoretical predictions and we gain values for the average error rate for differing unitary sets. We compare our protocol with other relevant RB methods, where both advantages (physically motivated unitaries) and disadvantages (difficulty in reversing the time-evolution) are discussed.
From pyramid to pointed egg? A 20-year perspective on poverty, prosperity, and rural transformation in Tanzania
Authors: Ponte Stefano , Brockington Dan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the patterns of poverty, prosperity, and rural transformation in Tanzania through longitudinal research examining livelihoods and asset change in a 20-year period. We argue that some current measures of rural transformation are inadequate for capturing forms of change that matter to rural Africans. We consider in detail some of the processes that lie behind such change in selected locations in Morogoro region, noting the importance of improvements that are taking place through smallholder agriculture. In conclusion, the article discusses the implications of these findings for agricultural policy while also cautioning about the blindness of our methods to other forms of poverty.
Multidimensional Malingering Criteria for Neuropsychological Assessment: A 20-Year Update of the Malingered Neuropsychological Dysfunction Criteria
Authors: Sherman Elisabeth M S , Slick Daniel J , Iverson Grant L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Empirically informed neuropsychological opinion is critical for determining whether cognitive deficits and symptoms are legitimate, particularly in settings where there are significant external incentives for successful malingering. The Slick, Sherman, and Iversion (1999) criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND) are considered a major milestone in the field’s operationalization of neurocognitive malingering and have strongly influenced the development of malingering detection methods, including serving as the criterion of malingering in the validation of several performance validity tests (PVTs) and symptom validity tests (SVTs) (Slick, D.J., Sherman, E.M.S., & Iverson, G. L. (1999). Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13(4), 545–561). However, the MND criteria are long overdue for revision to address advances in malingering research and to address limitations identified by experts in the field.

Method
The MND criteria were critically reviewed, updated with reference to research on malingering, and expanded to address other forms of malingering pertinent to neuropsychological evaluation such as exaggeration of self-reported somatic and psychiatric symptoms.

Results
The new proposed criteria simplify diagnostic categories, expand and clarify external incentives, more clearly define the role of compelling inconsistencies, address issues concerning PVTs and SVTs (i.e., number administered, false positives, and redundancy), better define the role of SVTs and of marked discrepancies indicative of malingering, and most importantly, clearly define exclusionary criteria based on the last two decades of research on malingering in neuropsychology. Lastly, the new criteria provide specifiers to better describe clinical presentations for use in neuropsychological assessment.

Conclusions
The proposed multidimensional malingering criteria that define cognitive, somatic, and psychiatric malingering for use in neuropsychological assessment are presented.
Structure, function and therapeutic implications of OB-fold proteins: A lesson from past to present
Authors: Amir Mohd , Mohammad Taj , Dohare Ravins , Islam Asimul , Ahmad Faizan , Imtaiyaz Hassan Md 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding (OB)-fold proteins play essential roles in the regulation of genome and its correct transformation to the subsequent generation. To maintain the genomic stability, OB-fold proteins are implicated in various cellular processes including DNA replication, DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and maintenance of telomere. The diverse functional spectrums of OB-fold proteins are mainly due to their involvement in protein–DNA and protein–protein complexes. Mutations and consequential structural alteration in the OB-fold proteins often lead to severe diseases. Here, we have investigated the structure, function and mode of action of OB-fold proteins (RPA, BRCA2, DNA ligases and SSBs1/2) in cellular pathways and their relationship with diseases and their possible use in therapeutic intervention. Due to the crucial role of OB-fold proteins in regulating the key physiological process, a detailed structural understanding in the context of underlying mechanism of action and cellular complexity offers a new avenue to target OB-proteins for therapeutic intervention.
Computational prediction and interpretation of both general and specific types of promoters in Escherichia coli by exploiting a stacked ensemble-learning framework
Authors: Li Fuyi , Chen Jinxiang , Ge Zongyuan , Wen Ya , Yue Yanwei , Hayashida Morihiro , Baggag Abdelkader , Bensmail Halima , Song Jiangning 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Promoters are short consensus sequences of DNA, which are responsible for transcription activation or the repression of all genes. There are many types of promoters in bacteria with important roles in initiating gene transcription. Therefore, solving promoter-identification problems has important implications for improving the understanding of their functions. To this end, computational methods targeting promoter classification have been established; however, their performance remains unsatisfactory. In this study, we present a novel stacked-ensemble approach (termed SELECTOR) for identifying both promoters and their respective classification. SELECTOR combined the composition of k-spaced nucleic acid pairs, parallel correlation pseudo-dinucleotide composition, position-specific trinucleotide propensity based on single-strand, and DNA strand features and using five popular tree-based ensemble learning algorithms to build a stacked model. Both 5-fold cross-validation tests using benchmark datasets and independent tests using the newly collected independent test dataset showed that SELECTOR outperformed state-of-the-art methods in both general and specific types of promoter prediction in Escherichia coli. Furthermore, this novel framework provides essential interpretations that aid understanding of model success by leveraging the powerful Shapley Additive exPlanation algorithm, thereby highlighting the most important features relevant for predicting both general and specific types of promoters and overcoming the limitations of existing ‘Black-box’ approaches that are unable to reveal causal relationships from large amounts of initially encoded features.
PL-search: a profile-link-based search method for protein remote homology detection
Authors: Jin Xiaopeng , Liao Qing , Liu Bin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Protein remote homology detection is a fundamental and important task for protein structure and function analysis. Several search methods have been proposed to improve the detection performance of the remote homologues and the accuracy of ranking lists. The position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM) profile and hidden Markov model (HMM) profile can contribute to improving the performance of the state-of-the-art search methods. In this paper, we improved the profile-link (PL) information for constructing PSSM or HMM profiles, and proposed a PL-based search method (PL-search). In PL-search, more robust PLs are constructed through the double-link and iterative extending strategies, and an accurate similarity score of sequence pairs is calculated from the two-level Jaccard distance for remote homologues. We tested our method on two widely used benchmark datasets. Our results show that whether HHblits, JackHMMER or position-specific iterated-BLAST is used, PL-search obviously improves the search performance in terms of ranking quality as well as the number of detected remote homologues. For ease of use of PL-search, both its stand-alone tool and the web server are constructed, which can be accessed at http://bliulab.net/PL-search/.
VISAR: an interactive tool for dissecting chemical features learned by deep neural network QSAR models
Authors: Ding Qingyang , Hou Siyu , Zu Songpeng , Zhang Yonghui , Li Shao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Summary
Although many quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models are trained and evaluated for their predictive merits, understanding what models have been learning is of critical importance. However, the interpretation and visualization of QSAR model results remain challenging, especially for ‘black box’ models such as deep neural network (DNN). Here, we take a step forward to interpret the learned chemical features from DNN QSAR models, and present VISAR, an interactive tool for visualizing the structure–activity relationship. VISAR first provides functions to construct and train DNN models. Then VISAR builds the activity landscapes based on a series of compounds using the trained model, showing the correlation between the chemical feature space and the experimental activity space after model training, and allowing for knowledge mining from a global perspective. VISAR also maps the gradients of the chemical features to the corresponding compounds as contribution weights for each atom, and visualizes the positive and negative contributor substructures suggested by the models from a local perspective. Using the web application of VISAR, users could interactively explore the activity landscape and the color-coded atom contributions. We propose that VISAR could serve as a helpful tool for training and interactive analysis of the DNN QSAR model, providing insights for drug design, and an additional level of model validation.

Availability and implementation
The source code and usage instructions for VISAR are available on github https://github.com/qid12/visar.

Contact
shaoli@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
From Relation Algebra to Semi-join Algebra: An Approach to Graph Query Optimization
Authors: Hellings Jelle , Pilachowski Catherine L , Van Gucht Dirk , Gyssens Marc , Wu Yuqing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Many graph query languages rely on composition to navigate graphs and select nodes of interest, even though evaluating compositions of relations can be costly. Often, this need for composition can be reduced by rewriting toward queries using semi-joins instead, resulting in a significant reduction of the query evaluation cost. We study techniques to recognize and apply such rewritings. Concretely, we study the relationship between the expressive power of the relation algebras, which heavily rely on composition, and the semi-join algebras, which replace composition in favor of semi-joins. Our main result is that each fragment of the relation algebras where intersection and/or difference is only used on edges (and not on complex compositions) is expressively equivalent to a fragment of the semi-join algebras. This expressive equivalence holds for node queries evaluating to sets of nodes. For practical relevance, we exhibit constructive rules for rewriting relation algebra queries to semi-join algebra queries and prove that they lead to only a well-bounded increase in the number of steps needed to evaluate the rewritten queries. In addition, on sibling-ordered trees, we establish new relationships among the expressive power of Regular XPath, Conditional XPath, FO-logic and the semi-join algebra augmented with restricted fixpoint operators.