bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial co‐infections with SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Mirzaei Rasoul , Goodarzi Pedram , Asadi Muhammad , Soltani Ayda , Aljanabi Hussain ali abraham , Jeda Ali Salimi , Dashtbin Shirin , Jalalifar Saba , Mohammadzadeh Rokhsareh , Teimoori Ali , Tari Kamran , Salari Mehdi , Ghiasvand Sima , Kazemi Sima , Yousefimashouf Rasoul , Keyvani Hossein , Karampoor Sajad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has affected millions of people worldwide. To date, there are no proven effective therapies for this virus. Efforts made to develop antiviral strategies for the treatment of COVID‐19 are underway. Respiratory viral infections, such as influenza, predispose patients to co‐infections and these lead to increased disease severity and mortality. Numerous types of antibiotics such as azithromycin have been employed for the prevention and treatment of bacterial co‐infection and secondary bacterial infections in patients with a viral respiratory infection (e.g., SARS‐CoV‐2). Although antibiotics do not directly affect SARS‐CoV‐2, viral respiratory infections often result in bacterial pneumonia. It is possible that some patients die from bacterial co‐infection rather than virus itself. To date, a considerable number of bacterial strains have been resistant to various antibiotics such as azithromycin, and the overuse could render those or other antibiotics even less effective. Therefore, bacterial co‐infection and secondary bacterial infection are considered critical risk factors for the severity and mortality rates of COVID‐19. Also, the antibiotic‐resistant as a result of overusing must be considered. In this review, we will summarize the bacterial co‐infection and secondary bacterial infection in some featured respiratory viral infections, especially COVID‐19.
Updated information on new coronavirus disease 2019 occurrence, drugs, and prediction of a potential receptor
Authors: Khodaei Forouzan , Ahsan Anam , Chamanifard Mostafa , Zamiri Mohammad Javad , Ommati Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe new coronavirus (COVID‐19) was first reported in Wuhan in China, on 31 December 2019. COVID‐19 is a new virus from the family of coronaviruses that can cause symptoms ranging from a simple cold to pneumonia. The virus is thought to bind to the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2, as a well‐known mechanism to enter the cell. It then transfers its DNA to the host in which the virus replicates the DNA. The viral infection leads to severe lack of oxygen, lung oxidative stress because of reactive oxygen species generation, and overactivation of the immune system by activating immune mediators. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on the more precise mechanism(s) to manage the treatment of the disease. Regarding the mechanisms of the virus action, the suggested pharmacological and nutritional regimens have been described.
Pyoderma gangrenosum in an ulcerative colitis patient during treatment with vedolizumab responded favorably to adsorptive granulocyte and monocyte apheresis
Authors: Shibuya Tomoyoshi , Haga Keiichi , Saeki Michio , Haraikawa Mayuko , Tsuchihashi Hitoshi , Okahara Koki , Nomura Osamu , Fukushima Hirofumi , Murakami Takashi , Ishikawa Dai , Ikeda Shigaku , Nagahara Akihito 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an extra‐intestinal skin lesion in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as is erythema nodosum. Vedolizumab (VED) is a monoclonal antibody that targets α4β7 integrin and has an intestinal selective mechanism. Despite good therapeutic effects on colitis, the effect on extra‐intestinal manifestations (EIMs) remains unclear. Here we report a case of ulcerative colitis complicated by PG during treatment with VED, which was successfully treated with prednisolone in combination with adsorptive granulocyte and monocyte apheresis (GMA). The patient was a 50‐year‐old woman with a past medical history of extensive ulcerative colitis managed by golimumab (GLM). She developed flare symptoms due to loss of response to GLM, and treatment was switched to VED. Her gastrointestinal symptoms were improved with VED treatment with less frequent bowel movements. However, infiltrative erythema with pain appeared on the right lower leg and right knee, and expanded and gradually ulcerated. Her skin lesions were treated with corticosteroid, but showed poor improvement. Therefore, granulocyte and monocyte apheresis (GMA) treatment was administered in combination with prednisolone. After 3 months, the ulcer gradually improved, and at the time of this writing, the eruptions were nearly replaced by epithelial tissue. This case study showed that patients with UC and EIMS may respond well to combination therapy of VED and GMA. GMA has a very favorable safety profile. On the other hand, the causal connection between VED and PG is still unclear. We believe that a combination therapy involving VED and GMA in IBD patients with EIMs warrants consideration.
Surviving peer review
Authors: Weinstein Robert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe process of publishing original work in a peer review journal is not complete at the point where the manuscript is first submitted. The journal editors will submit the manuscript to peer review whereby outside experts are asked to vet the manuscript for scientific merit, originality and quality. Reviewers' comments are meant to help authors strengthen their manuscripts for potential publication. Authors benefit from this feedback and should approach the reviewers as volunteer consultants rather than as critics. Authors should respond to all reviewers' comments, completely and politely addressing the points raised. This article is meant to assist junior or inexperienced authors to understand the process of peer review and to function effectively within the process in order to succeed in having their manuscripts published.
Intellectual capital, liquidity, and bankruptcy likelihood
Authors: Shahdadi K. Moradi , Rostamy A. A. Anvary , Sadeghi Sharif S. J. , Ranjbar M. H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the impacts of intellectual capital on the liquidity of assets and stocks and the bankruptcy likelihood. Multivariate regression models with combined data used to test the hypotheses. Using a sample of 147 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2010–2017, the results indicate that intellectual capital has a positive effect on the liquidity of assets and the liquidity of stocks, and that it has an inverse relation with the bankruptcy likelihood. Moreover, we found that the liquidity of assets has a negative effect on the bankruptcy likelihood. However, the liquidity of stocks has no significant effect on the bankruptcy likelihood. In general, the findings of this study provide evidence of the effective role of intellectual capital in improving the liquidity of assets and the impacts of both the intellectual capital and the liquidity on reducing the bankruptcy likelihood. This study provides evidence of the prominent role of intellectual capital in the intelligent management of corporate liquidity and reducing the likelihood of bankruptcy.
Ab‐initio molecular dynamics and hybrid explicit‐implicit solvation model for aqueous and nonaqueous solvents: GFP chromophore in water and methanol solution as case study
Authors: Raucci Umberto , Perrella Fulvio , Donati Greta , Zoppi Maria , Petrone Alessio , Rega Nadia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSolute–solvent interactions are proxies for understanding how the electronic density of a chromophore interacts with the environment in a more exhaustive way. The subtle balance between polarization, electrostatic, and non‐bonded interactions need to be accurately described to obtain good agreement between simulations and experiments. First principles approaches providing accurate configurational sampling through molecular dynamics may be a suitable choice to describe solvent effects on solute chemical–physical properties and spectroscopic features, such as optical absorption of dyes. In this context, accurate energy potentials, obtained by hybrid implicit/explicit solvation methods along with employing nonperiodic boundary conditions, are required to represent bulk solvent around a large solute–solvent cluster. In this work, a novel strategy to simulate methanol solutions is proposed combining ab initio molecular dynamics, a hybrid implicit/explicit flexible solvent model, nonperiodic boundary conditions, and time dependent density functional theory. As case study, the robustness of the proposed protocol has been gauged by investigating the microsolvation and electronic absorption of the anionic green fluorescent protein chromophore in methanol and aqueous solution. Satisfactory results are obtained, reproducing the microsolvation layout of the chromophore and, as a consequence, the experimental trends shown by the optical absorption in different solvents.
Detection of a Hb A2‐Melbourne (HBD: c.130G>A) combined with β‐thalassemia in a Chinese individual
Authors: Li Youqiong , Huang Tongfeng , Mao Tian , Zhang Xiuqun , Liang Liang , Meng Menghui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThalassemia is common in Southeast Asian countries, including China. Hb A2‐Melbourne is a rare hemoglobin variant and has never been reported in China. Here, we report a Hb A2‐Melbourne combined with β‐thalassemia in Chinese individuals which is the second case described in the published reports.MethodsComplete blood counts (CBC) of a 28‐year‐old female showed signs of thalassemia during a routine screening. Hemoglobin analysis was subsequently performed using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Four common deletional α‐thalassemia detection was carried out using a gap‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR and reverse dot‐blot were used to detect three non‐deletional α‐thalassemia and 17 types of point mutations in β‐thalassemia. Finally, it was identified by Sanger sequencing. Her husband also had CBC, hemoglobin analysis, and genetic diagnosis.ResultsCBC of the couple showed Hb 103 and 139 g/L, mean corpuscular volume 58 and 63.1 fL, mean corpuscular hemoglobin 19.7 and 20.4 pg, respectively. Hemoglobin analysis revealed Hb X 2.4%, Hb A2 2.8% by CE and Hb X 2.9%, Hb A2 2.4% by HPLC in the female. The results of her husband were Hb A93.5%, Hb A2 5.7%, Hb F 0.8% by CE. Genetic analysis of both spouses detected the same CD 41/42 mutations in β‐globin gene. Sanger sequencing of female identified a mutation of the δ‐globin gene (HBD:c.130G>A), corresponding to Hb A2‐Melbourne.ConclusionHb A2‐Melbourne can lead to misdiagnosis of β‐thalassemia. δ‐globin gene mutation must be carefully examined in routine thalassemia screening.
Elucidating the microscopic and computational techniques to study the structure and pathology of SARS‐CoVs
Authors: Kaniyala Melanthota Sindhoora , Banik Soumyabrata , Chakraborty Ishita , Pallen Sparsha , Gopal Dharshini , Chakrabarti Shweta , Mazumder Nirmal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses (SARS‐CoVs), causative of major outbreaks in the past two decades, has claimed many lives all over the world. The virus effectively spreads through saliva aerosols or nasal discharge from an infected person. Currently, no specific vaccines or treatments exist for coronavirus; however, several attempts are being made to develop possible treatments. Hence, it is important to study the viral structure and life cycle to understand its functionality, activity, and infectious nature. Further, such studies can aid in the development of vaccinations against this virus. Microscopy plays an important role in examining the structure and topology of the virus as well as pathogenesis in infected host cells. This review deals with different microscopy techniques including electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy as well as computational methods to elucidate various prospects of this life‐threatening virus.
Multimodal neuroimaging in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Alfano Vincenzo , Mele Giulia , Cotugno Armando , Longarzo Mariachiara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe and complex psychiatric disorder characterized by intense fear about weight gain and finalized to food‐related control behaviors. Growing interest has been demonstrated about neurobiological processes subtend to AN physiopathology. The present review aimed to collect neurostructural and neurofunctional available data from 2010 to 2019. Results have been organized according to the neuroimaging technique employed, also including a specific section on electroencephalographic results, mostly neglected in previous reviews. Diffuse cerebral vulnerability has been demonstrated and the contribution of several structures has been identified. Insula, cingulate cortex, parietal and frontal areas are primarily involved both by structural and functional perspectives. Moreover, consistent alterations in white matter integrity and brain electrical activity have been reported. Neuroimaging findings give a substantial contribution to AN pathophysiological description, also in order to understand altered but reversible processes in the passage from acute illness phase to disorder's remission, useful also for defining therapy.
Development of a Deep Learning–Based Model for Diagnosing Breast Nodules With Ultrasound
Authors: Li Jianming , Bu Yunyun , Lu Shuqiang , Pang Hao , Luo Chang , Liu Yujiang , Qian Linxue 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesArtificial intelligence (AI) has been an important addition to medicine. We aimed to explore the use of deep learning (DL) to distinguish benign from malignant lesions with breast ultrasound (BUS).MethodsThe DL model was trained with BUS nodule data using a standard protocol (1271 malignant nodules, 1053 benign nodules, and 2144 images of the contralateral normal breast). The model was tested with 692 images of 256 breast nodules. We used the accuracy, precision, recall, harmonic mean of recall and precision, and mean average precision as the indices to assess the DL model. We used 100 BUS images to evaluate differences in diagnostic accuracy among the AI system, experts (>25 years of experience), and physicians with varying levels of experience. A receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to evaluate the accuracy for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast nodules.ResultsThe DL model showed 73.3% sensitivity and 94.9% specificity for the diagnosis of benign versus malignant breast nodules (area under the curve, 0.943). No significant difference in diagnostic ability was found between the AI system and the expert group (P = .951), although the physicians with lower levels of experience showed significant differences from the AI and expert groups (P = .01 and .03, respectively).ConclusionsDeep learning could distinguish between benign and malignant breast nodules with BUS. On BUS images, DL achieved diagnostic accuracy equivalent to that of expert physicians.
Significance of Nodal Metastasis in Parotid Gland Acinar Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Moon Peter , Tusty Mahbuba , Divi Vasu , Megwalu Uchechukwu C. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the rate of lymph node metastasis in parotid gland acinar cell carcinoma, to identified factors associated with increased risk of metastasis, and to evaluate the effect of nodal metastasis on survival.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study utilizing data from a large population‐based cancer database. Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 database. The study cohort included patients with parotid gland acinar cell carcinoma diagnosed between 2000 and 2015.ResultsThe overall rate of lymph node metastasis was 6.8%. T3/T4 (OR 6.17, 95% CI, 3.03 to 13.16) disease along with High Grade (OR 15.95) disease were associated with increased risk of nodal metastasis. Non‐white, non‐Black race was associated with decreased risk. Age and sex were not associated with nodal metastasis. Nodal metastasis was associated with worse OS (HR 6.27, 95% CI, 3.85 to 10.20) and DSS (HR 6.96, 95% CI, 3.81 to 12.73) after adjusting for covariates.ConclusionParotid gland acinar cell carcinoma carries a low risk of nodal metastasis. Both advanced T stage and high grade are associated with increased risk of nodal metastasis. Nodal metastasis is associated with decreased overall survival.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1125–E1129, 2021
Efficacy of corticosteroid solution administration via Mygind's position for the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Tilak Ashwini M. , Payne Spencer C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether direct steroid application via Mygind's position improved objective and subjective measures of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on patients seen by the senior author in a Rhinology Clinic of a tertiary academic center over a 2 year period. Patients whose only change in medical regimen was initiation of corticosteroid administration via Mygind's position were included for this analysis. The main subjective and objective outcome measures were Sino‐nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22) and endoscopy scores, respectively. Patient scores before and after the change in treatment were compared and analyzed using Student's t test and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsTwenty‐two patients were identified for inclusion. There was a statistically significant decrease in overall nasal endoscopy scores for both the right (P = .001) and left (P = .001) sides. A statistically significant and clinically meaningful decrease in total SNOT‐22 scores (12.7 points, P = .008) was also seen. Intolerance to the regimen was observed in 5/48 patients reviewed for inclusion (10.4%), with issues including neck pain, burning, pressure, and thrush.ConclusionThe direct application of topical corticosteroids, specifically via Mygind's position, may improve both objective exam findings and clinical symptomatology in patients with CRSwNP compared to indirect application. Intolerance to the regimen can be observed.Level of Evidence4—Case series (with or without comparison).
Single‐Plane Versus Dual‐Plane Microfocused Ultrasound With Visualization in the Treatment of Upper Arm Skin Laxity: A Randomized, Single‐Blinded, Controlled Trial
Authors: Vachiramon Vasanop , Triyangkulsri Korn , Iamsumang Wimolsiri , Chayavichitsilp Pamela 
Published: August 2020

Background and ObjectivesNon‐invasive skin tightening devices have become a safe and non‐invasive treatment for patients with skin laxity of the upper arm. The efficacy of microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU‐V) in skin tightening had been demonstrated in several studies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MFU‐V in treating skin laxity of the upper arm using different treatment protocols.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThirty patients with upper arm laxity were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive single‐plane MFU‐V treatment (4 MHz/4.5 mm transducer) on one arm and dual‐plane treatment (4 MHz/4.5 mm and 7 MHz/3.0 mm transducer) on the contralateral arm, totaling 200 lines in each arm. Investigator Assessment Skin Laxity Scoring System (IASLSS) and improvement scores were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months after the treatment. Adverse events were recorded.ResultsA modest reduction of mean arm circumference was observed on both sides. Mean physician‐rated improvement scores, single‐plane treatment received 2.22 (±1.05), 2.70 (±1.32), and 1.61 (±0.79), respectively. Dual‐plane treatment received 2.00 (±1.00), 2.56 (±1.05), and 1.39 (±0.54), respectively. Single‐plane treatment was superior from physician's ratings (P < 0.05). IASLSS followed the same trend as the improvement scores. Mean patient‐rated improvement scores in single‐plane treatment were 3.63 (±2.63), 3.69 (±2.83), 1.90(±2.51) for 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. Dual‐plane treatment received 3.5 (±2.57), 3.22 (±2.59), 1.78 (±2.48), respectively. The median pain scores were 2.6 (0–8) for single‐plane treatment and 1.9 (0–8) for dual‐plane treatment (P = 0.136). No other significant side effects were observed.ConclusionBoth single‐plane and dual‐plane treatment provide a modest skin tightening effect in the upper arm for at least 3 months. Physicians should assess skin thickness in every patient using the visualization screen to select the appropriate transducer for each individual patient. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Perspectives on smart stents with sensors: From conventional permanent to novel bioabsorbable smart stent technologies
Authors: Vishnu Jithin , Manivasagam Geetha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCardiovascular stent angioplasty represents the pre‐eminent choice for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Despite the widespread developments in this arena such as new‐generation drug‐eluting stents and transient bioabsorbable stents, the stent technologies are still associated with several clinical complications associated with stent thrombosis and in‐stent restenosis. Pertinent ‘smart stent’ systems incorporated with sensors are garnering immense research interest in view of their potential to mitigate/reduce several adverse outcomes associated with stents. In this minireview, we attempt to provide a timely overview on the most recent developments in the field of smart stent systems with embedded sensors. The first two sections of this review discuss about the smart stent technology to detect stent endothelialization and in‐stent restenosis. Next, we briefly summarize the propitious bioabsorbable smart stent systems, and the review concludes by highlighting the future perspectives that can foster this research arena. The latest advancements in this research field by integrating sensors in stents have demonstrated immense potentiality in mitigating the risks associated with cardiovascular clinical complications to ameliorate the problems associated with millions of people worldwide.
A novel deep intronic variant in ATP7B in five unrelated families affected by Wilson disease
Authors: Woimant France , Poujois Aurelia , Bloch Adrien , Jordi Tabaras , Laplanche Jean‐Louis , Morel Hélène , Collet Corinne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWilson disease is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from accumulation of excess copper especially in the liver and brain. This disease is mainly characterized by hepatic disorders and less frequently by neuro‐psychiatric disturbances. This recessive disease is due to mutation in ATP7B, which codes for an ATPase involved in copper‐transport across the plasma membrane. Molecular diagnosis of WD is positive in approximately 98% of cases. Also, in few cases, WD patients present a single deleterious mutation (heterozygous) or no mutation after sanger and NGS standard sequencing analysis of ATP7B. Therefore, in these problematic WD cases, we hypothesized that deleterious mutations reside in intronic regions of ATP7B.MethodsComplete ATP7B gene was sequenced by Next Generation Sequencing including its promoter.ResultsFive unrelated families with Wilson disease shared the same novel, deep intronic NG_008806.1 (ATP7B_v001):c.2866‐1521G>A variant in ATP7B. Analysis of RNA transcripts from primary fibroblasts of one patient confirmed the deleterious impact of the intronic variant on splicing and its likely pathologic effect in this compound heterozygote.ConclusionThis discovery of a novel intronic mutation in ATP7B has improved the molecular diagnosis of WD in the French patient cohort to greater than 98%. Thus, we recommend complete sequencing of ATP7B gene, including introns, as a molecular diagnostic approach in cases of clinically confirmed WD which lack pathogenic exon or promoter variants in one or both alleles.