bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Infrastructure Matters: Supporting Scholar-Led and Community-Driven Services to Advance Open Access
Authors: Ferwerda Eelco , Peroni Silvio , Stranack Kevin 
Published: October 2020

Twenty years ago, open access emerged out of a crisis within scholarly communications. Back then, it was about solving the issue of cost as a barrier to accessing scholarly content, due to the increasing concentration of commercial publishing. Today, another crisis is relying on open access to remove barriers to creating and consuming scholarship. This time, however, our sights are set on increasing public access as a means to solve a global pandemic.
While open scholarship requires information to be freely available, it costs money to create and sustain high quality books and articles, discovery services that provide access to them, and software that enables their creation. We have seen this in discussions and developments surrounding open access business models, including article processing changes (APCs), open access funds, and “subscribe-to-open.” Where such infrastructures do not generate commercial profits, they require financial support from the communities they serve, including authors, publishers, libraries, funders, scholarly institutions and other stakeholders, to make open access a reality. As we set up national networks, mandates, and other initiatives to support and promote open access, we must not forget another critical element: open infrastructure. In the open access context, “infrastructure” -- the "structures and facilities" -- refers to the scholarly communication resources and services, including software, that we depend upon to enable the scientific and scholarly community to collect, store, organise, access, share, and assess research. Open infrastructure provides the foundation for keeping costs down and quality high, ensuring community-driven development. But who funds open infrastructure? And how do we create a sustainable future for the services that many of us have come to rely on?
This 20 minute session will examine three open infrastructure case studies: OpenCitations, OAPEN/DOAB, and the Public Knowledge Project. These three initiatives are currently being promoted by the Global Sustainability Coalition for Open Science Services (SCOSS), a network of influential organisations committed to helping secure open access infrastructure well into the future. Our panel of services will explore how the current round of SCOSS-supported projects are ensuring a sustainable future for open access scholarly publishing, and will discuss the essential role that governments, libraries, publishers and others are playing - and need to play - in making this a reality. Following the growth of open access publishing, scholar-led and community-driven open infrastructure and innovations have supported and facilitated the vital (and now urgent) need for open knowledge. What does the next twenty years look like for these services? And how can we work together to ensure open access isn’t just a response to crises, but rather the “new normal”?
The C in ORCID: from authorship to contributorship
Authors: Mejias Gabriela , Marín-Arraiza Paloma 
Published: October 2020

ORCID is part of the wider digital infrastructure needed for all those who participate in research, scholarship and innovation to share information on a global scale. As part of our commitment with openness, we enable transparent and trustworthy connections between researchers, their contributions, and activities by providing an identifier for individuals to use with their name as they engage in research.
Since its foundation in 2013, ORCID has aimed to enable and improve recognition for a broader range of contributions than textual publications. Its current worktype list includes 43 different types of contributions. In combination with acknowledging further contributions, ORCID also considers research resources (infrastructure, collection, equipment and service) to provide a better understanding of the impact of the work undertaken by researchers using them.
This webinar will explore how ORCID supports the creation of a permanent, and unambiguous record of research and scholarly communication by enabling reliable attribution of contributors and their activities. The session will focus on the development and current implementation of ORCID tools to acknowledge and encourage contributions such as preprints and peer review activities, as well as the work being done to support contributor roles (CRediT taxonomy).

The session will also showcase an analysis of the current community adoption of these features and aims to trigger a discussion on the future of the scholarly record.
Aspects of Nucleic Acid Structure and Function
Authors: Chandrasekhar Sosale 
Published: October 2020

Despite decades of intense study, certain physico-chemical aspects of the nucleic acids–the genetic repository of life–remain enigmatic. Thus, solutions of DNA are apparently constituted of varying amounts of double and single-stranded forms, with melting studies being inconclusive about the effect of temperature on the composition. Consequently, this casts doubt on current estimates of the thermodynamic stability of the base pairs. However, the overwhelming stability of the Watson-Crick model is adumbrated by a kinetic analysis of the action of DNA polymerase, microscopic reversibility indicating that polymerase action is kinetically controlled, whereas proof reading-excision is thermodynamically controlled.
The structural basis for the differing roles played by DNA and RNA in the sustenance and propagation of life also remains to be clarified. It appears that formation of the RNA double helix is sterically inhibited by the 2’ ribose hydroxyl group, which is also relatively inaccessible to external base, thus enhancing hydrolytic stability. The in vivo conformation of RNA is likely determined by the requirements of its appointed biological role, the large size of tRNAs being particularly significant in possibly leading to enhanced specificity in its interaction with the corresponding tRNA synthetase. The proclivity of RNA generally to remain single stranded may indeed be the reason for the existence of viruses as stable RNA-protein complexes.
The preeminent role of nucleic acids as “genetic guardians” is, however, blurred by the fact that the translation of the genetic code is contingent on the action of the various tRNA synthetases. This implies that the genetic code is manifested via codon-anticodon specificity only by the involvement of protein molecules that are unique to each codon-anticodon pair. This has intriguing implications for the origin and evolution of the genetic code, possibly indicating that the tRNA synthetases are a relic of prebiotic protein-nucleic acid hybrids (thus also raising doubts about the RNA world hypothesis).
Generalized Epilepsy with Right Hemiparesis Secondary to Herpes Encephalitis
Authors: Lwin Htay , Naing Zay Yar , Soe Htoo Htoo Kyaw , Abas Adinegara Lutfi , Moe Soe , Htay Mila Nu Nu 
Published: October 2020

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a medical emergency associated with high mortality and morbidity. Definitive diagnosis is established by history, clinical examination, neuroimaging studies, supportive electroencephalogram (EEG) findings, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.
A 7-year-old Malay girl with known case of right hemiplegia secondary to herpes encephalitis presented to the neuropediatric ward, in General Hospital with refractory seizure. She had a moderate learning disability and diagnosed as right hemiparesis secondary to herpes encephalitis complicated with epilepsy. She was planned for the positron emission tomography (PET) scan and to undergo operation if PET scan was feasible (Hemispherectomy). However, the patient refused for operation.
Prompt clinical recognition is important in the HSE to prevent progressive brain tissue damage, haemorrhagic changes, and worsening of the encephalitis. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through an extensive evaluation, including a thorough clinical examination with attention to findings on mental status changes, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electroencephalogram (EEG) testing and findings on neuroimaging.
Once HSE is suspected, high-dose acyclovir should be started immediately before lumbar puncture (LP), and only stopped once a definitive alternate diagnosis has been established.
This case is reported because the patient has generalized epilepsy with right hemiparesis secondary to herpes encephalitis. Herpes encephalitis with right hemiparesis cases are quite rare.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potentials of Morus mesozygia Linn. Stapf., Leaf Extracts in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Joshua Marcella Tari , Wachuku Edna O. , Boisa N. , Nduka Nsirim 
Published: October 2020

Aim: The aim of this study therefore was to evaluate the antidiabetic potentials of Morus mesozygia Linn. Stapf., Leaf extrcts in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.
Study Design: The study is an experimental case-controlled study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Biochemistry Research Laboratory, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between June 2018-April 2019.
Methodology: A total of 65 male albino rats that weighed between 150g to 200g were used for this research study. Three different extracted solvents; aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic leaves extracts were administered to different groups of the rats. The male albino rats for this study were induced with a single dose of 40mg/kg b.wt, intraperitoneally of streptozotocin in 0.1M of citrate buffer, pH 4.5. The diabetic male rats were those whose fasting blood glucose (FBG) was from 250 mg/dl or 13 mmol/L and above.
Results: The results showed that there were significant decreases (p<0.05) in, FBG, increased insulin and increased C-peptide and increased HOMA-IR concentration of induced diabetic male rats treated orally with 400 mg/kg of MMLS., when compared with the values of the diabetic male rats in treated orally with 200 mg/kg of MMLS., and non-significant decrease(p<0.05) in FBG, HOMA-IR increased insulin, increased C-peptide concentrations in the diabetic male rats treated orally for 30 days with 400 mg/kg in dose of methanolic leaves extracts of MMLS., in the group treated with 400 mg/kg methanol, when compared to the concentration of diabetic male in treated orally for 30 days with 200 mg/kg of methanolic leaves extracts of MMLS. Compared likewise with that treated with 100mg/kg of metformin standard drug. There were also significant decrease (p<0.05) in FBG, HOMA-IR, C-peptide and increased insulin concentrations in diabetic male rats treated with 200 mg/kg in dose of ethanolic and methanolic leaves extracts of MMLS., when compared with the values in the diabetic male rats treated orally with 400 mg/kg in dose of ethanolic and methanolic leaves extracts of MMLS., compared with values of diabetic male rats treated orally with 100mg/kg in dose of metformin standard drugs compared with the controls.
Conclusion: From the findings of this study, we conclude that streptozotocin increased FBG levels, while the Methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Morus mesozygia Linn. S improved FBG, C-peptide, insulin and HOMA levels in a dose-dependent manner, with the methanolic extract having the best ameliorative effect, probably due to its more phytochemical composition.
Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Women Regarding Antenatal Exercises
Authors: Hashmi Maria , Ain Qurat-Ul- , Shaikh Noor-Us-Saba , Valecha Jeetendar 
Published: October 2020

Background: Exercise during pregnancy is very beneficial for maternal health and fetus also. Proper knowledge in pregnant mothers is very important to promote practicing of it.
Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women regarding antenatal exercises.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done in Isra institute of rehabilitation and sciences, Karachi & JPMC, Karachi. Total of 266 pregnant women during their 2nd and 3rd trimester and willing to participate in study were included from different gynecological departments of Hyderabad. Complete history was assessed regarding patient’s age, gestational age, educational status and any previous known pathology. Data were collected through face to face interviews and a validated and modified questionnaire with informed consent. For recording all the data, a designed questioner proforma was used. SPSS version 20 was utilized for data analysis, which was then summarized by descriptive statistics using frequency tables, charts and percentages.
Results: Total 266 pregnant women were interviewed; the mean age was 27.86±4.79 years, with a minimum and maximum age of 18 and 44 years respectively. Majority (54.97%) of the women did not have knowledge regarding antenatal exercise. However, 79.0% of women showed positive attitude towards antenatal care.
Conclusions: Majority of pregnant women had inadequate knowledge regarding antenatal exercises, while most of whom with a positive attitude.
Rational Mutual Interactions in Ternary Systems Enable High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Huanxiang , Han Chenyu , Li Yonghai , Bi Fuzhen , Zheng Nan , Han Jianhua , Shen Wenfei , Wen Shuguang , Yang Chunming , Yang Renqiang , Bao Xichang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTernary organic solar cells (TOSCs) offer a facile and efficient approach to increase the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, the critical roles that guest components play in complicated ternary systems remain poorly understood. Herein, two acceptors named LA1 and LA9 with differing crystallinity are investigated. The overly crystalline LA9 induces large self‐aggregates in PM6:LA9 binary system, resulting in a lower PCE (13.12%) compared to PM6:LA1 device (13.89%). Encouragingly, both acceptors are verified as efficient guest candidates into the host binary PM6:NCBDT‐4Cl (PCE = 13.48%) and afford markedly improved PCEs up to 15.39% and 15.75% in LA1 and LA9 ternary devices, respectively. Interestingly, the higher crystallinity LA9 reveals smaller interaction energies with both the host acceptor and donor PM6. Compared to LA1, the appropriate mutual interactions in the LA9 ternary system not only induces the orderly crystallinity of PM6 but also better compatibility with the host acceptor, generating further optimized molecular orientations and ternary morphology. Therefore, enhanced charge transport and minimized recombination loss are detected in LA9 ternary devices, affording the most competitive performance among Y6‐sbsent TOSCs. This work suggests that complicated intermolecular interactions should be seriously considered when fabricating state‐of‐the‐art multiple components OSCs.
Bioinspired Fractal Design of Waste Biomass‐Derived Solar–Thermal Materials for Highly Efficient Solar Evaporation
Authors: Geng Yang , Sun Wan , Ying Peijin , Zheng Yujie , Ding Jun , Sun Kuan , Li Ling , Li Meng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSolar evaporation is considered a promising technology to address the issue of fresh water scarcity. Although many efforts have been directed towards increasing the solar–thermal conversion efficiency, there remain challenges to develop efficient and cost‐effective solar–thermal materials from readily available raw materials. Furthermore, further structural modification of the original biomass structure, particularly at multiple length scales, are seldom reported, which may further improve the solar–thermal performance of these material systems. Herein, a novel low‐cost system is developed based on a common bio‐waste, pomelo peels (PPs), through a bioinspired fractal structural design strategy, fractal carbonized pomelo peels (FCPP). This FCPP system shows an extremely high solar spectrum absorption of ≈98%, and marvelous evaporation rate of 1.95 kg m−2 h−1 with a solar–thermal efficiency of 92.4%. In addition, the mechanisms of the evaporation enhancement by fractal structural design are identified by numerical and experimental methods. Moreover, using FCPP in solar desalination shows great superiority in terms of cost and its potential in sewage treatment is also studied. The present work is an insightful attempt on providing a novel proposal to develop bio‐waste‐derived solar–thermal materials and construct biomimetic structures for efficient solar evaporation and applications.
Pressure‐Dependent Behavior of Defect‐Modulated Band Structure in Boron Arsenide
Authors: Meng Xianghai , Singh Akash , Juneja Rinkle , Zhang Yanyao , Tian Fei , Ren Zhifeng , Singh Abhishek K. , Shi Li , Lin Jung‐Fu , Wang Yaguo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe recent observation of unusually high thermal conductivity exceeding 1000 W m−1 K−1 in single‐crystal boron arsenide (BAs) has led to interest in the potential application of this semiconductor for thermal management. Although both the electron/hole high mobilities have been calculated for BAs, there is a lack of experimental investigation of its electronic properties. Here, a photoluminescence (PL) measurement of single‐crystal BAs at different temperatures and pressures is reported. The measurements reveal an indirect bandgap and two donor–acceptor pair (DAP) recombination transitions. Based on first‐principles calculations and time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry results, the two DAP transitions are confirmed to originate from Si and C impurities occupying shallow energy levels in the bandgap. High‐pressure PL spectra show that the donor level with respect to the conduction band minimum shrinks with increasing pressure, which affects the release of free carriers from defect states. These findings suggest the possibility of strain engineering of the transport properties of BAs for application in electronic devices.
Mass‐Producible, Quasi‐Zero‐Strain, Lattice‐Water‐Rich Inorganic Open‐Frameworks for Ultrafast‐Charging and Long‐Cycling Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Xin , Deng Wenzhuo , Chen Ming , Wang Yaobing , Sun Chuan‐Fu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLow‐cost and high‐safety aqueous Zn‐ion batteries are an exceptionally compelling technology for grid‐scale energy storage. However, their development has been plagued by the lack of stable cathode materials allowing fast Zn2+‐ion insertion and scalable synthesis. Here, a lattice‐water‐rich, inorganic‐open‐framework (IOF) phosphovanadate cathode, which is mass‐producible and delivers high capacity (228 mAh g−1) and energy density (193.8 Wh kg−1 or 513 Wh L−1), is reported. The abundant lattice waters functioning as a “charge shield” enable a low Zn2+‐migration energy barrier, (0.66 eV) even close to that of Li+ within LiFePO4. This fast intrinsic ion‐diffusion kinetics, together with nanostructure effect, allow the achievements of ultrafast charging (71% state of charge in 1.9 min) and an ultrahigh power density (7200 W kg−1 at 107 Wh kg−1). Equally important, the IOF exhibits a quasi‐zero‐strain feature (<1% lattice change upon (de)zincation), which ensures ultrahigh cycling durability (3000 cycles) and Coulombic efficiencies of 100%. The cell‐level energy and power densities reach ≈90 Wh kg−1 and ≈3320 W kg−1, far surpassing commercial lead–acid, Ni–Cd, and Ni–MH batteries. Lattice‐water‐rich IOFs may open up new opportunities for exploring stable and fast‐charging Zn‐ion batteries.
Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition of Molybdenum Oxide for Industrial Solar Cells
Authors: Gregory Geoffrey , Luderer Christoph , Ali Haider , Sakthivel Tamil S. , Jurca Titel , Bivour Martin , Seal Sudipta , Davis Kristopher O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMolybdenum oxide thin films are successfully deposited using spatial atomic layer deposition (SALD), a tool designed for high‐throughput industrial film growth. The structural and optical properties of the film are evaluated using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. To demonstrate the applicability of molybdenum oxide in industrial settings the films are applied as hole‐selective silicon heterojunction contacts for solar cells. When paired with intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layers, implied open‐circuit voltages of 699 mV are achieved. The carrier transport is unaffected by low‐temperature contact anneals up to 300 °C with contact resistivities of ≈ 10 mΩ cm2. Finally, the optical performance of silicon solar cells featuring different front hole‐selective heterojunction structures are simulated. It is shown that the generation current density of heterojunction solar cells can be significantly increased with the addition of SALD molybdenum oxide contacts.
Noncovalent Functionalization and Passivation of Black Phosphorus with Optimized Perylene Diimides for Hybrid Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Lloret Vicent , Nuin Edurne , Kohring Malte , Wild Stefan , Löffler Mario , Neiss Christian , Krieger Michael , Hauke Frank , Görling Andreas , Weber Heiko B. , Abellán Gonzalo , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmongst the different existing methods to passivate black phosphorus (BP) from environmental degradation, the noncovalent functionalization with perylene diimides (PDI) has been postulated as one of the most promising routes because it allows preserving its electronic properties. This work describes the noncovalent functionalization and outstanding environmental protection of BP with tailor made PDI having peri‐amide aromatic side chains, which include phenyl and naphthyl groups, exhibiting a significantly increased molecule‐BP interaction. These results are rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations showing that the adsorption energies are mainly governed by van der Waals (vdW) interactions and increase concomitantly with the aromatic character of the side chains. The resulting hybrids are thoroughly characterized showing enhanced ambient and thermal stabilities. Last but not least, hybrid organic–inorganic BP‐PDI field effect transistors (FETs) are studied for the first time showing the usefulness of PDI derivatives as efficient passivation layers while obtaining improved values of electron mobilities. These results pave the way for the use of optimized PDIs by molecular engineering to preserve the electronic properties of BP FETs, using straightforward wet chemical approaches.
Ultrasensitive SERS Detection of Cancer‐Related miRNA‐182 by MXene/MoS2@AuNPs with Controllable Morphology and Optimized Self‐Internal Standards
Authors: Liu Lei , Shangguan Changjian , Guo Jianlun , Ma Kejian , Jiao Songlong , Yao Yue , Wang Jianqiao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCancer has become a major killer threatening human health in today's society, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) may provide a competitive choice for the sensitive detection of cancer‐related miRNAs. In this work, a synergistic calibrated SERS strategy based on MXene/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)@Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) with controllable morphology is suggested for the ultrasensitive detection of miRNA‐182 by selecting the average intensity of its three own characteristic Raman peaks (at 382 cm−1 and 402 cm−1 corresponding to MoS2 and at 611 cm−1 corresponding to MXene) as a benchmark instead of additional beacon molecules. The linear goodness of fit (the determination coefficient R2) for this strategy is available in amounts up to 0.9995, which is significantly higher than that of single or double peak calibrated case, and thus improves the detection accuracy dramatically. Meanwhile, vertical MoS2 nanosheets anchored on layered MXene can provide uniformly ordered sites for accommodating suitably sized AuNPs as “hot spots” with controllable particle gap of 2.2 nm, resulting in the maximum amplified SERS signal at 1362 cm−1 generated by hairpin probe DNA with Cy5. A linear detection window from 10 am to 1 nm with an ultralow detection limit of 6.61 am for miRNA‐182 is achieved.