bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curriculum for optical diagnosis training in Europe: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement
Authors: Dekker Evelien , Houwen Britt B. S. L. , Puig Ignasi , Bustamante-Balén Marco , Coron Emmanuel , Dobru Daniela E. , Kuvaev Roman , Neumann Helmut , Johnson Gavin , Pimentel-Nunes Pedro , Sanders David S. , Dinis-Ribeiro Mario , Arvanitakis Marianna , Ponchon Thierry , East James E. , Bisschops Raf 
Published: September 2020

Main RecommendationsThis manuscript represents an official Position Statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) aiming to guide general gastroenterologists to develop and maintain skills in optical diagnosis during endoscopy. In general, this requires additional training beyond the core curriculum currently provided in each country. In this context, ESGE have developed a European core curriculum for optical diagnosis practice across Europe for high quality optical diagnosis training.1 ESGE suggests that every endoscopist should have achieved general competence in upper and/or lower gastrointestinal (UGI/LGI) endoscopy before commencing training in optical diagnosis of the UGI/LGI tract, meaning personal experience of at least 300 UGI and/or 300 LGI endoscopies and meeting the ESGE quality measures for UGI/LGI endoscopy. ESGE suggests that every endoscopist should be able and competent to perform UGI/LGI endoscopy with high definition white light combined with virtual and/or dye-based chromoendoscopy before commencing training in optical diagnosis.2 ESGE suggests competency in optical diagnosis can be learned by attending a validated optical diagnosis training course based on a validated classification, and self-learning with a minimum number of lesions. If no validated training course is available, optical diagnosis can only be learned by attending a non-validated onsite training course and self-learning with a minimum number of lesions.3 ESGE suggests endoscopists are competent in optical diagnosis after meeting the pre-adoption and learning criteria, and meeting competence thresholds by assessing a minimum number of lesions prospectively during real-time endoscopy. ESGE suggests ongoing in vivo practice by endoscopists to maintain competence in optical diagnosis. If a competent endoscopist does not perform in vivo optical diagnosis on a regular basis, ESGE suggests repeating the learning and competence phases to maintain competence.Key areas of interest were optical diagnosis training in Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, early gastric cancer, diminutive colorectal lesions, early colorectal cancer, and neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Condition-specific recommendations are provided in the main document.
Effectiveness of Superior Hypogastric Plexus Block for Pain Control Compared to Epidural Anesthesia in Women Requiring Uterine Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids – A Retrospective Evaluation
Authors: Malouhi Amer , Aschenbach Rene , Erbe Anna , Owsianowski Zbigniew , Rußwurm Stefan , Runnebaum Ingo B. , Teichgräber Ulf 
Published: September 2020

Purpose To assess the effectiveness of pain management with superior hypogastric plexus block (SHPB) compared to epidural anesthesia (EDA) in women requiring uterine artery embolization (UAE).
Materials and Methods In this retrospective, single-center, non-randomized trial we included 79 women with symptomatic uterine fibroids who were scheduled for percutaneous, transcatheter UAE. According to their informed decision, the women were assigned to two different approaches of pain management including either SHPB or EDA. The effectiveness outcome measure was patient reported pain using a numeric rating scale ranging from 1 to 10. The pain score was assessed at UAE, 2 hours thereafter, and at subsequent intervals of 6 hours up to 36 hours after intervention.
Results Treatment groups did not differ significantly regarding age, pain score for regular menstrual cramps, uterine fibroid size, location, and symptoms of uterine fibroids. During UAE and up to 6 hours thereafter, women who received SHPB experienced stronger pain than those who received EDA (mean pain score during UAE: 3.3 vs. 1.5, p < 0.001; at 2 hours: 4.4 vs. 2.8, p = 0.012; at 6 hours: 4.4 vs. 2.6, p = 0.021). The maximum pain level was 5.8 ± 2.9 with SHPB and 4.5 ± 2.9 with EDA (p = 0.086). Women with a history of severe menorrhagia tended to experience worse pain than those without (regression coefficient 2.5 [95 % confidence interval –0.3 to 5.3], p = 0.076).
Conclusion Among women who underwent UAE, pain management including SHPB resulted in stronger pain during and after the procedure than pain treatment including EDA.
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A 3D Deep Neural Network for Liver Volumetry in 3T Contrast-Enhanced MRI
Authors: Winther Hinrich , Hundt Christian , Ringe Kristina Imeen , Wacker Frank K. , Schmidt Bertil , Jürgens Julian , Haimerl Michael , Beyer Lukas Philipp , Stroszczynski Christian , Wiggermann Philipp , Verloh Niklas 
Published: September 2020

Purpose To create a fully automated, reliable, and fast segmentation tool for Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI scans using deep learning.
Materials and Methods Datasets of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced liver MR images of 100 patients were assembled. Ground truth segmentation of the hepatobiliary phase images was performed manually. Automatic image segmentation was achieved with a deep convolutional neural network.
Results Our neural network achieves an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.987, a Sørensen–Dice coefficient of 96.7 ± 1.9 % (mean ± std), an overlap of 92 ± 3.5 %, and a Hausdorff distance of 24.9 ± 14.7 mm compared with two expert readers who corresponded to an ICC of 0.973, a Sørensen–Dice coefficient of 95.2 ± 2.8 %, and an overlap of 90.9 ± 4.9 %. A second human reader achieved a Sørensen–Dice coefficient of 95 % on a subset of the test set.
Conclusion Our study introduces a fully automated liver volumetry scheme for Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. The neural network achieves competitive concordance with the ground truth regarding ICC, Sørensen–Dice, and overlap compared with manual segmentation. The neural network performs the task in just 60 seconds.
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Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE): a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Runge Thomas M. , Chiang Austin L. , Kowalski Thomas E. , James Theodore W. , Baron Todd H. , Nieto Jose , Diehl David L. , Krafft Matthew R. , Nasr John Y. , Kumar Vikas , Khara Harshit S. , Irani Shayan , Patel Arpan , Law Ryan J. , Loren David E. , Schlachterman Alex , Hsueh William , Confer Bradley D. , Stevens Tyler K. , Chahal Prabhleen , Al-Haddad Mohammad A. , Mir Fahad Faisal , Pleskow Douglas K. , Huggett Matthew T. , Paranandi Bharat , Trindade Arvind J. , Brewer-Gutierrez Olaya I. , Ichkhanian Yervant , Dbouk Mohamad , Kumbhari Vivek , Khashab Mouen A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP; EDGE) is an alternative to enteroscopy- and laparoscopy-assisted ERCP in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy. Although short-term results are promising, the long-term outcomes are not known. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the rates of long-term adverse events after EDGE, with a focus on rates of persistent gastrogastric or jejunogastric fistula; (2) to identify predictors of persistent fistula; (3) to assess the outcomes of endoscopic closure when persistent fistula is encountered.
Methods This was a multicenter retrospective study involving 13 centers between February 2015 and March 2019. Adverse events were defined according to the ASGE lexicon. Persistent fistula was defined as an upper gastrointestinal series or esophagogastroduodenoscopy showing evidence of fistula.
Results 178 patients (mean age 58 years, 79 % women) underwent EDGE. Technical success was achieved in 98 % of cases (175/178), with a mean procedure time of 92 minutes. Periprocedural adverse events occurred in 28 patients (15.7 %; mild 10.1 %, moderate 3.4 %, severe 2.2 %). The four severe adverse events were managed laparoscopically. Persistent fistula was diagnosed in 10 % of those sent for objective testing (9/90). Following identification of a fistula, 5 /9 patients underwent endoscopic closure procedures, which were successful in all cases.
Conclusions The EDGE procedure is associated with high clinical success rates and an acceptable risk profile. Persistent fistulas after lumen-apposing stent removal are uncommon, but objective testing is recommended to identify their presence. When persistent fistulas are identified, endoscopic treatment is warranted, and should be successful in closing the fistula.
Ubiquitination of TLR3 by TRIM3 signals its ESCRT-mediated trafficking to the endolysosomes for innate antiviral response
Authors: Li Wei-Wei , Nie Ying , Yang Yan , Ran Yong , Luo Wei-Wei , Xiong Mei-Guang , Wang Su-Yun , Xu Zhi-Sheng , Wang Yan-Yi 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Trafficking of TLR3 from the ER to endolysosomes and its subsequent proteolytic cleavage are necessary for it to sense viral dsRNA and trigger antiviral response. Understanding how TLR3 trafficking is regulated is important for deciphering the mechanism of TLR3-mediated innate immune and inflammatory responses. In this study, we report that TRIM3 mediates K63-linked polyubiquitination of TLR3 at K831. Subsequently, the polyubiquitinated TLR3 is recognized and sorted by the ESCRT complexes to endolysosomes to promote the activation of downstream signaling. This study provides insights into how the trafficking and activation of TLR3 are regulated for efficient innate immune response to extracellular and endosomal viral dsRNA.
Direct functionalization of C−H bonds by electrophilic anions
Authors: Warneke Jonas , Mayer Martin , Rohdenburg Markus , Ma Xin , Liu Judy K. Y. , Grellmann Max , Debnath Sreekanta , Azov Vladimir A. , Apra Edoardo , Young Robert P. , Jenne Carsten , Johnson Grant E. , Kenttämaa Hilkka I. , Asmis Knut R. , Laskin Julia 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Functionalization of unreactive molecules is a significant chemical challenge relevant to the conversion of abundant feedstocks such as alkanes into high-value chemicals. Herein, we demonstrate a new mechanism of alkane functionalization by the substitution of a proton by an anion in an alkyl chain. The reactive anion used for this reaction is generated from a highly stable precursor. The reaction mechanism is established using experimental and computational approaches, and the products are collected in the condensed phase using high-flux mass-selected ion deposition. This paves the way for exploiting the properties of gaseous ions for the generation of complex molecular structures in the condensed phase.
The mysterious story of square ice, piles of cubes, and bijections
Authors: Fischer Ilse , Konvalinka Matjaž 
Published: September 2020

Significance
In the early 1980s, it was discovered that alternating sign matrices (ASMs), which are also commonly encountered in statistical mechanics, are counted by the same numbers as two classes of plane partitions. Since then it has been a major open problem in this area to construct explicit bijections between the three classes of objects. In this paper we describe a bijective proof that relates ASMs to one of the two classes of plane partitions as well as a bijective proof of the fact that the numbers can be expressed by a simple product formula. The constructions are complicated, but they are completely explicit and also provided in the form of computer code.
Decanoic acid inhibits mTORC1 activity independent of glucose and insulin signaling
Authors: Warren Eleanor C. , Dooves Stephanie , Lugarà Eleonora , Damstra-Oddy Joseph , Schaf Judith , Heine Vivi M. , Walker Mathew C. , Williams Robin S. B. 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceThe mTORC1 complex provides a critical role in cell function, regulating a variety of processes including growth and autophagy. mTORC1 signaling is hyperactivated in a range of common diseases including cancer, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, mTORC1 signaling provides an important target for regulation in many contexts. Here, we show that decanoic acid, a key component of a widely used medicinal diet, reduces mTORC1 activity. We identify this in a tractable model system, and validate it in ex vivo rat brain tissue and in human iPSC-derived astrocytes from patients with a clinically relevant disease. Thus, we provide insight into an easily accessible therapeutic approach for a range of diseases.
The Effectiveness of Post-Discharge Navigation Added to an Inpatient Addiction Consultation for Patients with Substance use Disorder; a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wakeman Sarah E. , Rigotti Nancy A. , Herman Grace E. , Regan Susan , Chang Yuchiao , Snow Rachel , Isenberg Benjamin , Metlay Joshua P. 
Published: September 2020

Background It is unknown whether post-discharge navigation enhances the impact of hospital-initiated addiction care. This study tested the incremental benefit of telephonic linkage to a post-discharge navigator for patients who received an addiction consultation during hospitalization. Methods A two-arm, randomized controlled trial of 395 hospitalized adults with substance use disorder who received an addiction consultation. The intervention group received post-discharge phone calls from a navigator to review the recommended treatment plan and address barriers to engagement on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. The primary outcome was days of alcohol or drug use in the past 30 assessed by Timeline Follow-back at 1 month. Results Follow-up assessment completion rates were 46% at 1 month, and 41%, at 2 months. At baseline, intervention and control groups did not differ in substance use patterns; 45% reported primary alcohol use, 43% drugs, and 12% both. Heroin was the most common drug. At baseline, mean days of past 30-day alcohol or drug use were 13.6 in the intervention and 14.9 in the control group. The median number of navigation calls completed was 3 out of 4. At 1 month, both groups reported less use (decrease of 4.8 in intervention vs. 4.2 days in control group, p = 0.49). There were no differences between groups at 2 months. Compared to controls, participants who received all four calls had a greater decrease in use with a mean 8.6 days decrease from baseline (difference of 4.4 days, p = 0.0009). Conclusion Post-discharge telephonic patient navigation did not further improve substance use outcomes following addiction consultation.
An experimental demonstration for a well-known example of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction
Authors: Smith Glenn S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
One of the more interesting applications of the integral form of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction is to an open surface whose contour is changing with time. An often-used theoretical example for this is a track formed from two parallel, conducting rails. The planar surface between the rails is bounded by a voltmeter at one end and a moving, conducting bar across and in contact with the rails at the other end. A uniform magnetic field is everywhere normal to this surface. As the bar moves through this magnetic field, changing the contour and the enclosed area, it induces a voltage between the rails. Of course, this theoretical example is an idealization containing impractical or impossible elements, such as a uniform magnetic field throughout space, and a lack of any interference from external sources. In this paper, we present a practical experimental realization for this theoretical example. The rails are a length of model railroad track, and the magnetic field is provided by a string of powerful neodymium magnets. A battery-powered, motorized car drags the shorting bar along the track, and the voltage between the rails is displayed on an oscilloscope. The approximations necessarily present in the experiment are accounted for in a manner that still allows good comparison with the theory. Modifications of the basic experiment that provide additional understanding for Faraday’s law are also presented.
Electrostatics and Riemann surfaces
Authors: Tamagni Spencer , Efthimiou Costas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Using techniques from geometry and complex analysis in their simplest form, we present a derivation of electric fields on surfaces with non-trivial topology. A byproduct of this analysis is an intuitive visualization of elliptic functions when their argument is complex-valued. The underlying connections between these techniques and the theory of Riemann surfaces are also explained. Our goal is to provide students and instructors a quick reference article for an extraordinary topic that is not included in the standard books.
Structure of the simple harmonic-repulsive system in liquid and glassy states studied by the triple correlation function
Authors: Levashov V A , Ryltsev R E , Chtchelkatchev N M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An efficient description of the structures of liquids and, in particular, the structural changes that happen with liquids on supercooling remains to be a challenge. The systems composed of soft particles are especially interesting in this context because they often demonstrate non-trivial local orders that do not allow to introduce the concept of the nearest-neighbor shell. For this reason, the use of some methods, developed for the structure analysis of atomic liquids, is questionable for the soft-particle systems. Here we report about our investigations of the structure of the simple harmonic-repulsive liquid in 3D using the triple correlation function (TCF), i.e., the method that does not rely on the nearest neighbor concept. The liquid is considered at reduced pressure (P = 1.8) at which it exhibits remarkable stability against crystallization on cooling. It is demonstrated that the TCF allows addressing the development of the orientational correlations in the structures that do not allow drawing definite conclusions from the studies of the bond-orientational order parameters. Our results demonstrate that the orientational correlations, if measured by the heights of the peaks in the TCF, significantly increase on cooling. This rise in the orientational ordering is not captured properly by the Kirkwood’s superposition approximation. Detailed considerations of the peaks’ shapes in the TCF suggest the existence of a link between the orientational ordering and the slowdown of the system’s dynamics. Our findings support the view that the development of the orientational correlations in liquids may play a significant role in the liquids’ dynamics and that the considerations of the pair distribution function may not be sufficient to understand intuitively all the structural changes that happen with liquids on supercooling. In general, our results demonstrate that the considerations of the TCF are useful in the discussions of the liquid’s structures beyond the pair density function and interpreting the results obtained with the bond-orientational order parameters.
The competition between the intrinsic and Rashba spin–orbit coupling and effects of correlations on Rashba SOC-driven transitions in the Kane–Mele model
Authors: Du Tao , Li Yue-Xun , Lu He-Lin , Zhang Hui , Du Song 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We investigate, firstly, the competition between the Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and the intrinsic SOC in Kane–Mele model. For the small intrinsic SOC, we investigate the effects of the Rashba SOC on the touching point of the valence and conduction bands when the ratio of the Rashba SOC to the intrinsic SOC is greater than classical value

2

3

. For the large intrinsic SOC, we find that the critical ratio of the two SOCs at which the band touching occurs decreases with the increasing intrinsic SOC and the locations of these touching points deviate from points K and K′ of the Brillouin zone. Furthermore, effects of the Rashba SOC on these touching points are discussed in detail when the ratio is greater than the critical value. The Rashba SOC-driven topologically trivial and non-trivial transitions are also obtained in the first part of the work. Secondly, using the slave-rotor mean field method we investigate the influences of the correlation on the Rashba SOC-driven topologically trivial and non-trivial transitions in both the charge condensate and Mott regions. The topological Mott insulator with gapped or gapless spin excitations which arises from the interplay of the Rashba SOC and correlations is obtained in the work.
Effect of layer-distributed carbon nanotube (CNT) on mechanical and piezoresistive performance of intelligent cement-based sensor
Authors: Dong Wenkui , Li Wengui , Luo Zhiyu , Guo Yipu , Wang Kejin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Agglomerated carbon nanotube (CNT) powder was scattered into a cement paste layer-by-layer to form layer-distributed CNT composite (LDCC) as intelligent cement-based sensor. The characteristic of the CNT agglomerations and its effect on the mechanical and piezoresistive properties of cement paste were investigated in this study, and the results were compared with those of uniformly-dispersed CNT composites (UDCC). Based on the statistics of CNT agglomerations, it was found that the sizes of agglomerations varied from several to dozens of micrometres. The larger sized agglomerations with poorer roundness exhibited a higher possibility to cause the pores or voids accompanied with stress concentration when subjected to external forces. Hence, it is necessary to control the agglomeration sizes to reduce the porosity with edges and corners. The UDCC reached the highest compressive strength, followed by the plain cement paste and then LDCC. The mechanical strength of LDCC decreased with the increase of CNT layers. The piezoresistivity occurred in both the UDCC and LDCC, with the former possessing stable and repeatable performance. In addition, the strain-sensing ability of LDCC with moderate CNT layers presented similar sensing efficiency and repeatability to that of UDCC. The related results provide insight into the intelligent cement-based sensors with layer-distributed CNT and agglomerations, which can improve the efficiency and effectively reduce the cost for practical application.
A study of n-doping in self-catalyzed GaAsSb nanowires using GaTe dopant source and ensemble nanowire near-infrared photodetector
Authors: Devkota Shisir , Parakh Mehul , Johnson Sean , Ramaswamy Priyanka , Lowe Michael , Penn Aubrey , Reynolds Lew , Iyer Shanthi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work reports a comprehensive investigation of the effect of gallium telluride (GaTe) cell temperature variation (TGaTe) on the morphological, optical, and electrical properties of doped-GaAsSb nanowires (NWs) grown by Ga-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). These studies led to an optimum doping temperature of 550 °C for the growth of tellurium (Te)-doped GaAsSb NWs with the best optoelectronic and structural properties. Te incorporation resulted in a decrease in the aspect ratio of the NWs causing an increase in the Raman longitudinal optical/transverse optical vibrational mode intensity ratio, large photoluminescence emission with an exponential decay tail on the high energy side, promoting tunnel-assisted current conduction in ensemble NWs and significant photocurrent enhancement in the single nanowire. A Schottky barrier photodetector (PD) using Te-doped ensemble NWs with broad spectral range and a longer wavelength cutoff at ∼1.2 µm was demonstrated. These PDs exhibited responsivity in the range of 580–620 A W−1 and detectivity of 1.2–3.8 × 1012 Jones. The doped GaAsSb NWs have the potential for further improvement, paving the path for high-performance near-infrared (NIR) photodetection applications.