bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The vascular glycocalyx is not a mechanosensor in conduit arteries in the anesthetized pig
Authors: Ruane-O’Hora Therese , Ahmeda Ahmad , Markos Farouk 
Published: March 2020

Background
The role of the glycocalyx as the endothelial sensor of an increase in blood flow was assessed in the iliac artery in vivo.

Methods
Acetylcholine-induced flow mediated dilation was evaluated before and after vascular glycocalyx disruption. This was accomplished by exposing the iliac lumen to the chemotactic agent fMLP (1 μM; n = 6 pigs), concomitant heparinase III (100 mU ml−1) and hyaluronidase (14 mg ml−1) (n = 4), and neuraminidase (140 mU ml−1; n = 5), for 20 min in separate iliac artery preparations. Only one lumen intervention per iliac was conducted.

Results
For the heparinase III + hyaluronidase experiment, the iliac diameter increased by an average of 0.54 ± 0.11 mm before and 0.45 ± 0.03 mm after the enzymes (P = 0.42; paired Student’s t test). The iliac diameter increased by 0.31 ± 0.02 mm before and 0.29 ± 0.07 mm after fMLP exposure (P = 0.7) and the diameter increased by 0.54 ± 0.11 mm before and 0.54 ± 0.09 mm after neuraminidase exposure (P = 0.98). In all cases, the shear stress changes before and after lumen exposure were not significantly different to each other.

Conclusion
There was no significant reduction in flow mediated dilation of the iliac in response to any of the interventions conducted. Therefore, the vascular endothelial glycocalyx as whole is not required for flow mediated dilation in conduit arteries in the intact animal.
Childhood Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Two Tertiary Hospitals in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Paul Nsirimobu I. , Duru Chika O. 
Published: March 2020

Background: As in adults, there is a high burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in children and this is often associated with a high mortality rate, however, little emphasis is being paid to NCDs in children.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the burden, pattern and mortality associated with NCD among children admitted into the Paediatric wards of two tertiary centres in South-South Nigeria.
Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in two tertiary hospitals in South-South Nigeria. Medical/admission records of all patients with Non communicable diseases (NCDs) were retrieved. Information obtained included patient's age, sex, date of admission, final diagnosis, date of discharge and hospital outcome. Total number of admissions and deaths within the study period were also obtained. The diagnoses were classified according to pathologic and systematic derangement. Obtained data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and presented in frequency tables and charts while chi square and Fischers exact test were used to compare categorical variables. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results: A total of 4,167 patients were hospitalized over the study period, out of which 897 had NCDs giving a prevalence rate of 21.52%. Of the NCDs, 570 (63.55%) were males while 327 (36.45%) were females giving a male female ratio of 1.74:1. Haematology, Oncology (Cancers), Nephrology, Neurology and Cardiology disorders were the five common NCDs and constituted about three quatre (74.47%) of all NCDs. Among the five common NCDs, haematology, oncology and nephrology disorders were commoner in the older children while cardiac, and neurologic disorders were more prevalent in younger children. This distribution was not statistically significant (X2 = 1.67, p = 0.9800). Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) was the prevalent Haematological disease constituting 176 (95.1%) of all haematological cases. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Nephrotic syndrome, Seizure disorder and Ventricular septal defect were the prevalent cancers, Nephrology, neurology and cardiac disorders and constituted 50 (27.6%), 39 (28.7%), 33 (40.74%), 21 (25.0), of the diseases respectively. A total of 112 deaths occurred in the Paediatric wards over the study period, 35 (31.25%) of these deaths were caused by NCDs and patients with Cancers constituted 60% (21/35) of all deaths. More deaths occurred among the adolescents; however, this was not statistically significant. (chi square = 21.99, p=0.1081).
Conclusion: There is a high burden and high mortality of NCDs in children in our environment. The common pattern of NCDs were Haematology, Oncology (Cancers), Nephrology, Neurology and cardiology diseases. Improved health education, early cancer screening and availability of cancer and prenatal diagnosis of SCA screening tools, premarital genotype counselling and screening and legislation to support families with NCDs is advocated.
Extraction of Phytochemical Compounds of Leea guineensis (G. Don) Leaves Using Non-polar and Polar Solvents
Authors: Awotedu O. L. , Okeke U. E. , Ogunbamowo P. O. , Ariwoola O. S , Omolola T. O. 
Published: March 2020

Aims: Selection of a suitable solvent is important and utilized in the extraction of desirable chemical components in medicinal plants.
Study Design: Chemical analysis of various extracts of Leea guineensis leaves using standard analytical procedures.
Place and Duration of Study: Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, between March 2019 and August 2019.
Methodology: Leaves of Leea guineensis were extracted with six solvents categorized into polar (Acetone, Methanol and Aqueous) and non-polar (Ethyl acetate, Hexane and Chloroform) types using cold maceration method, the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical assay was done on the respective extracts using the standard methods.
Results: Phytochemical screening of the non-polar solvent extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins for all the solvents, while tannin was present only in ethyl acetate extract. For the polar solvent extracts, all the secondary metabolites determined were present except terpenoids and phlobatanins. In the quantitative test, alkaloid levels ranged from 1.31-38.25 mg/100 g, saponin: 2.01-14.35 mg/100 g, flavonoids: 1.10-6.25 mg/100 g, Tannin: ND-4.62 mg/100 g, terpenoids: ND-1.02 mg/100 g, cardiac glycosides: ND-0.84 mg/100 g, Anthraquinone: ND-2.58 mg/100 g and phlobatanins: ND-0.95. The results obtained for each of the phytochemicals are significantly different (p<0.05) across all the solvent extracts, while phytochemicals such as terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones and phlobatanins were not detected in the non-polar solvent extract of L. guineensis.
Conclusion: The phytochemical constituents detected in varying quantities depend on the polarity of the substances, L. guineensis could be exploited and extracted very well using a polar solvent like methanol, acetone and aqueous.
Antioxidant and Antimutagenic (Anticlastogenic) Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Bauhinia variegata (Linn.) Root
Authors: Golwala Dharmesh K. , Vaidya Santosh Kumar , Dholwani Kishor K. , Patel Darpini S. , Sahoo Satyajit 
Published: March 2020

Aims: Antioxidant and Antimutagenic (Anticlastogenic) activity of alcoholic extract of Bauhinia variegata (Linn.) root.
Place: C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy and Research, Wadhwan, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India.
Methodology: Shade dried Bauhinia variegata (Linn.) root, extraction was carryout by isolation extract were subjected to primary and secondary Phytochemical investigation. Then In-vitro antioxidant properties were estimated by reducing power and nitric oxide free radical scavenging method. Based on Phytochemical constituent and antioxidant properties In-vivo Antimutagenic (Anticlastogenic) activity was performed.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of carbohydrates, free amino acids, and secondary metabolites like tannins, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, then polyphenol estimation found ALBV contains 86.38% phenolic compounds. In antioxidant properties determination IC50 respectively found 55.27±2.57 µg/ml, 125.52±8.15 µg/ml against of Ascorbic acid and Curcumin. Then In-vivo Antimutagenic (Anticlastogenic) activity ALBV shows significant reeducation in % MNPCE, % MNNCE and P/N ratio at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h against the cyclophosphamide-induced mutagenicity.
Conclusion: Therefore, from the present study, it is concluded that alcoholic extract of Bauhinia variegata root (ALBV) can prove to be a very good antioxidant and effective chemopreventive against cyclophosphamide-induced mutagenesis.
Study of the Effects of Ranking Factors on Strategic Thinking of Top Managers of Small Firms by Applying AHP Method: Case Study, Dairy Industry in Tehran
Authors: Bahmani Akbar , Davoudi Hessam 
Published: March 2020

This study aims to rank the factors affecting the strategic thinking of top managers of small firms by applying analytical hierarchical process (AHP) through the accomplishment of a case study in the dairy industry of Iran. It is practical by purpose and in terms of collection, it is descriptive, as an expert measurement option. Statistic population of this research included all of the top managers of small firms in the dairy industry of Tehran. The sample size of the study is selected, based on the measurement expert method as 15 individuals. Accordingly, a pairwise questionnaire is distributed among participants, in order to define the ranking factors affecting strategic thinking, by using the purposeful method. Meanwhile, the validity of the questionnaire content has been corroborated by expert professors. Accordingly, inferential statistics AHP technic was used for the winnowing of ranking factors affecting strategic thinking. The results of this study showed that among factors affecting strategic thinking, individual factors have the greatest ranks and the most relevant important factor is the driver of strategic thinking. Similarly, among the components of organizational factors, the reward system has the highest rank. Meanwhile, among individual factors components, the criterion of bearing the risk has the greatest rank. Among intuitive factors, creativity has the highest rank and among the systemic view, hypothesizing is regarded as the most important component.
Interactions Between Tumor Biology and Targeted Nanoplatforms for Imaging Applications
Authors: Azizi Mehdi , Dianat‐Moghadam Hassan , Salehi Roya , Farshbaf Masoud , Iyengar Disha , Sau Samaresh , Iyer Arun K. , Valizadeh Hadi , Mehrmohammadi Mohammad , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough considerable efforts have been conducted to diagnose, improve, and treat cancer in the past few decades, existing therapeutic options are insufficient, as mortality and morbidity rates remain high. Perhaps the best hope for substantial improvement lies in early detection. Recent advances in nanotechnology are expected to increase the current understanding of tumor biology, and will allow nanomaterials to be used for targeting and imaging both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Owing to their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics, nanostructures (NSs) are valuable tools that have received much attention in nanoimaging. Consequently, rationally designed NSs have been successfully employed in cancer imaging for targeting cancer‐specific or cancer‐associated molecules and pathways. This review categorizes imaging and targeting approaches according to cancer type, and also highlights some new safe approaches involving membrane‐coated nanoparticles, tumor cell‐derived extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell‐free DNAs, and cancer stem cells in the hope of developing more precise targeting and multifunctional nanotechnology‐based imaging probes in the future.
Suppressing Voltage Fading of Li‐Rich Oxide Cathode via Building a Well‐Protected and Partially‐Protonated Surface by Polyacrylic Acid Binder for Cycle‐Stable Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Jingsong , Li Peng , Zhong Faping , Feng Xiangming , Chen Weihua , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi , Xia Dingguo , Cao Yuliang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLi‐rich manganese based oxides (LRMOs) are considered an attractive high‐capacity cathode for advanced Li‐ion batteries; however, their poor cyclability and gradual voltage fading have hindered their practical applications. Herein, an efficient and facile strategy is proposed to stabilize the lattice structure of LRMOs by surface modification of polyacrylic acid (PAA). The PAA‐coated LRMO electrode exhibits only 104 mV of the voltage fading after 100 cycles and 88% capacity retention over 500 cycles. The structural stability is attributed to the carboxyl groups in PAA chains reacting with oxygen species on the surface of LRMO to form a uniform and tightly coated film, which significantly suppresses the dissolution of transition metal elements from the cathode materials into the electrolyte. Importantly, a H+/Li+ exchange reaction takes place between the LRMO and PAA, generating a proton‐doped surface layer. Density functional theory calculations and experimental evidence demonstrates that the H+ ions in the surface lattice efficiently inhibit the migration of transition metal ions, leading to a stabilized lattice structure. This surface modification approach may provide a new route to building a stable Li‐rich oxide cathode with high capacity retention and low voltage fading for practical Li‐ion battery applications.
Whole‐genome sequencing reveals complex chromosome rearrangement disrupting NIPBL in infant with Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Authors: Plesser Duvdevani Morasha , Pettersson Maria , Eisfeldt Jesper , Avraham Ortal , Dagan Judith , Frumkin Ayala , Lupski James R. , Lindstrand Anna , Harel Tamar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClinical laboratory diagnostic evaluation of the genomes of children with suspected genetic disorders, including chromosomal microarray and exome sequencing, cannot detect copy number neutral genomic rearrangements such as inversions, balanced translocations, and complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs). We describe an infant with a clinical diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) in whom chromosome analysis revealed a de novo complex balanced translocation, 46,XY,t(5;7;6)(q11.2;q32;q13)dn. Subsequent molecular characterization by whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) identified 23 breakpoints, delineating segments derived from four chromosomes (5;6;7;21) in ancestral or inverted orientation. One of the breakpoints disrupted a known CdLS gene, NIPBL. Further investigation revealed paternal origin of the CCR allele, clustering of the breakpoint junctions, and molecular repair signatures suggestive of a single catastrophic event. Notably, very short DNA segments (25 and 41 bp) were included in the reassembled chromosomes, lending additional support that the DNA repair machinery can detect and repair such segments. Interestingly, there was an independent paternally derived miniscule complex rearrangement, possibly predisposing to subsequent genomic instability. In conclusion, we report a CCR causing a monogenic Mendelian disorder, urging WGS analysis of similar unsolved cases with suspected Mendelian disorders. Breakpoint analysis allowed for identification of the underlying molecular diagnosis and implicated chromoanagenesis in CCR formation.
Skeletal morphology of the lesula (Cercopithecus lomamiensis) and the evolution of guenon locomotor behavior
Authors: Arenson Julia L. , Sargis Eric J. , Hart John A. , Hart Terese B. , Detwiler Kate M. , Gilbert Christopher C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe guenons (tribe Cercopithecini) are a diverse and primarily arboreal radiation of Old World monkeys from Africa. However, preliminary behavioral observations of the lesula (Cercopithecus lomamiensis), a little‐known guenon species described in 2012, report it spending substantial amounts of time on the ground. New specimens allow us to present the first description of lesula postcranial morphology and apply a comparative functional morphology approach to supplement our knowledge of its locomotor behavior.Materials and methodsTo infer the substrate use preferences of the lesula, 22 postcranial variables correlated with locomotion were assessed in a sample of 151 adult guenon specimens, including two C. lomamiensis. Using multivariate statistical analyses, we predict the amount of time the lesula spends on the ground relative to the comparative sample.ResultsResults suggest that the lesula spends nearly half its time on the ground, and the two available individuals were classified as semiterrestrial and terrestrial with strong support. Comparisons with two outgroup cercopithecid taxa (Colobus guereza and Macaca mulatta) demonstrate that, as a group, guenons retain signals of a generalized, semiterrestrially adapted postcranium compared to specialized arboreal cercopithecids.DiscussionThese results corroborate preliminary behavioral observations of the lesula as a semiterrestrial to terrestrial primate and imply multiple evolutionary transitions in substrate use among the guenon radiation. A broader view of cercopithecoid evolution suggests that a semiterrestrial ancestor for extant guenons is more parsimonious than an arboreal one, indicating that the arboreal members of the group are probably recently derived from a more semiterrestrial ancestor.
Fano‐Andreev and Fano‐Majorana Correspondence in Quantum Dot Hybrid Structures
Authors: Calle Ana M. , Pacheco Mónica , Orellana Pedro A. , Otálora Jorge A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA correspondence on the single‐electron transport properties between systems of different nature, a topological quantum system and a (conventional) non‐topological one, is demonstrated. Specifically, the equivalence between the Fano resonances obtained in T‐shaped double quantum dot system coupled to a superconducting lead (QD–QD–S) and a topological superconductor ring nanowire (QD–MBSs) is presented. The non‐zero value of the Fano (anti)resonance in the conductance of the QD‐MBSs systems is shown as a consequence of a complex Fano factor , which is equivalent to the complex Fano factor of the QD–QD–S. The complex nature of is understood as a sign of a phase introduced by the superconducting lead in the QD–QD–S. It is because of this phase that the correspondence between the QD–QD–S and the QD–MBSs is possible. It is believed that these results can help to reveal the importance of the Fano interference process toward the understanding of the role of the superconductor lead in the QD–QD–S system as well as giving a clear signature of the presence of MBS's in the topological system.
Tandem Insertion–[1,3]‐Rearrangement: Highly Enantioselective Construction of α‐Aminoketones
Authors: Chen Yushuang , Liu Yun , Li Zhaojing , Dong Shunxi , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn enantioselective synthesis of α‐aminoketone derivatives were readily available through a tandem insertion–[1,3] O‐to‐C rearrangement reaction. The rhodium salt and chiral N,N′‐dioxide‐indium(III) complex make up relay catalysis, which enables the O−H insertion of benzylic alcohols to N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles, and asymmetric [1,3]‐rearrangement of amino enol ether intermediates, subsequently. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that the [1,3] O‐to‐C rearrangement step proceeded through an ion pair pathway.
Near‐Infrared Light Triggered‐Release in Deep Brain Regions Using Ultra‐photosensitive Nanovesicles
Authors: Xiong Hejian , Li Xiuying , Kang Peiyuan , Perish John , Neuhaus Frederik , Ploski Jonathan E. , Kroener Sven , Ogunyankin Maria O. , Shin Jeong Eun , Zasadzinski Joseph A. , Wang Hui , Slesinger Paul A. , Zumbuehl Andreas , Qin Zhenpeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRemote and minimally‐invasive modulation of biological systems with light has transformed modern biology and neuroscience. However, light absorption and scattering significantly prevents penetration to deep brain regions. Herein, we describe the use of gold‐coated mechanoresponsive nanovesicles, which consist of liposomes made from the artificial phospholipid Rad‐PC‐Rad as a tool for the delivery of bioactive molecules into brain tissue. Near‐infrared picosecond laser pulses activated the gold‐coating on the surface of nanovesicles, creating nanomechanical stress and leading to near‐complete vesicle cargo release in sub‐seconds. Compared to natural phospholipid liposomes, the photo‐release was possible at 40 times lower laser energy. This high photosensitivity enables photorelease of molecules down to a depth of 4 mm in mouse brain. This promising tool provides a versatile platform to optically release functional molecules to modulate brain circuits.
Elucidating Noncovalent Reaction Mechanisms: G‐Quartet as an Intermediate in G‐Quadruplex Assembly
Authors: Martín‐Arroyo Miguel , del Prado Anselmo , Chamorro Raquel , Bilbao Nerea , González‐Rodríguez David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn analogy to covalent reactions, the understanding of noncovalent association pathways is fundamental to influence and control any supramolecular process. Following an approach that is reminiscent of covalent methodologies, we study here, for the first time, the mechanism of G‐quadruplex formation in organic solvents. Our results support a reaction pathway in which the cation shifts the equilibrium towards a G‐quartet transient intermediate, which then acts as a template in the formation of the G‐quadruplex product.
On‐Surface Assembly of Hydrogen‐ and Halogen‐Bonded Supramolecular Graphyne‐Like Networks
Authors: Yang Zechao , Fromm Lukas , Sander Tim , Gebhardt Julian , Schaub Tobias A. , Görling Andreas , Kivala Milan , Maier Sabine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDemonstrated here is a supramolecular approach to fabricate highly ordered monolayered hydrogen‐ and halogen‐bonded graphyne‐like two‐dimensional (2D) materials from triethynyltriazine derivatives on Au(111) and Ag(111). The 2D networks are stabilized by N⋅⋅⋅H−C(sp) bonds and N⋅⋅⋅Br−C(sp) bonds to the triazine core. The structural properties and the binding energies of the supramolecular graphynes have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy in combination with density‐functional theory calculations. It is revealed that the N⋅⋅⋅Br−C(sp) bonds lead to significantly stronger bonded networks compared to the hydrogen‐bonded networks. A systematic analysis of the binding energies of triethynyltriazine and triethynylbenzene derivatives further demonstrates that the X3‐synthon, which is commonly observed for bromobenzene derivatives, is weaker than the X6‐synthon for our bromotriethynyl derivatives.
Interfacial Design of Dendrite‐Free Zinc Anodes for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Qi , Luan Jingyi , Tang Yougen , Ji Xiaobo , Wang Haiyan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries have rapidly developed recently as promising energy storage devices in large‐scale energy storage systems owing to their low cost and high safety. Research on suppressing zinc dendrite growth has meanwhile attracted widespread attention to improve the lifespan and reversibility of batteries. Herein, design methods for dendrite‐free zinc anodes and their internal mechanisms are reviewed from the perspective of optimizing the host–zinc interface and the zinc–electrolyte interface. Furthermore, a design strategy is proposed to homogenize zinc deposition by regulating the interfacial electric field and ion distribution during zinc nucleation and growth. This Minireview can offer potential directions for the rational design of dendrite‐free zinc anodes employed in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.