bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open source digital library on open educational resources
Authors: Ahammad Nur 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to explain the implementation procedure of DSpace at the Library of Independent University, Bangladesh. This paper shows how DSpace is promoting open educational resources (OER) movement and demonstrates the ease of implementing DSpace in an institution. Moreover, the purpose of this paper is to encourage library professionals to participate in the OER movement by implementing DSpace in their libraries.

Design/methodology/approach
The requirements for implementing DSpace have been shown in this paper. It also describes the system model of an academic repository (DSpace)/digital library (DL). In addition, the paper describes the legal issues for submitting an item in DSpace and self-submission process of an item as well as shows impact of DSpace on OER.

Findings
Open source software and Open Access Institutional Repository software has a fundamental role in promoting OER. DSpace is perfect for building a DL or an institutional repository in libraries, especially for developing country libraries because this demands low cost and it is easy to implement in libraries as well as is user-friendly.

Originality/value
This paper will help to understand the role of the library community and librarians about OER. It will also show the impact of DL on OER. In addition, this paper encourages librarians to participate in OER movement.
A weighted resource discovery approach in grid computing
Authors: Sabamoniri Saeed , Souri Alireza 
Published: November 2019

PurposeGrid computing is an effective environment for the execution of parallel applications that requires great computing power. This paper aims to present, based on the hierarchical architecture, an improved weighted resource discovery (WRD) algorithm to manage allocation of resources and minimize cost of communications between grid nodes.Design/methodology/approachA behavioral modeling method is addressed to prove the proposed method correctness. The behavioral model of the proposed algorithm is implemented by StarUML tool with two different model-checking mechanisms. Then, the resource discovery correctness is analyzed in terms of reachability condition, fairness condition and deadlock-free using NuSMV model checker.FindingsThe results show that WRD algorithm has better performance in requiring re-discovery process, the number of examined nodes in each request and discovering the free resources with high-bandwidth links.Originality/valueTo store information of resources, a new data structure called resource information table is proposed which facilitates resource finding of the algorithm. A behavioral modeling method is addressed to prove the proposed method correctness.
Political appearances
Authors: Buffam Bonar 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
In Metro Vancouver, Vaisakhi celebrations are organized by local Sikh gurdwaras to mark the Punjabi harvest season and the anniversary of the Sikh Khalsa, which was formed in 1699. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how Vaisakhi celebrations have become mechanisms for state institutions to refigure and extend their racial authority over Sikh places and populations through their coordinated appearances at these public events. These appearances are analyzed to reveal how contemporary racial states are characterized by complex conditions of visibility and public identification that obscure and foreclose the racial conditions of their authority.

Design/methodology/approach
The data analyzed for this paper were generated through observational fieldwork at Vaisakhi celebrations and extensive archival and media research on the changing racial governance of Sikh and South Asian populations.

Findings
The results show that, in Metro Vancouver, racial modes of governance have created “post-racial” relations between the state’s public visages of diversity and accessibility and its expanded legal regulation of the social and political places of local Sikh populations.

Originality/value
The concept of political appearances is developed to explain how contemporary racial states reproduce and augment their authority through discursive practices of public engagement with minority populations as well as the specific aesthetic conditions of these engagements. The paper also offers important cautions against state practices that expand the presence of law enforcement within marginalized communities by showing how this enhanced visibility can engender forms of racialization.
Determinants of effective university–business collaboration
Authors: Alrajhi Ahmed Naser , Aydin Necati 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The attention to the university–business collaboration (UBC) for its role in the knowledge-based economy is growing in many countries. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to conduct two surveys to explore the causes of low collaboration between the private sector and academia in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Design/methodology/approach
The first survey covers nearly 50 companies to learn their perspectives. Using the findings of the first survey, a second survey was conducted of university researchers to understand the determinants of private and public funding of research and development projects. The survey provided two types of data, namely, categorical and continuous, which were subjected to reliability and normality tests. A linear regression analysis also was utilized to explore the role of different factors on the funded projects by the two sectors.

Findings
There is a perception among researchers that the private sector is woefully underestimating research capacity of Saudi universities. One interesting finding is that publishing in journals from the International Scientific Indexing (ISI) is a strong predictor for government funding, but not for private funding. From the private sector perspective, publishing in ISI-indexed journals is not sufficient evidence of research capability. Moreover, high teaching load is a major obstacle in acquiring private funding, but not so for public funding.

Practical implications
The paper provides two main recommendations to improve collaboration. First, universities should incentivize publishing in high-impact journals more than in ISI-indexed journals to increase the faculty’s research capabilities. Second, universities should reduce the teaching load of faculty involved in research projects, particularly those funded by the private sector.

Originality/value
The outcomes of this survey-based study are very valuable to the ecosystem of academia, business and government in general and for Saudi Arabia in particular, where there is a vital need to implement the right policies regarding UBC in the country.
Digital Rovaniemi: contemporary and future arctic tourist experiences
Authors: Varnajot Alix 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate tourists’ representations of the Arctic through the lens of the photo-sharing social network Instagram. The study focuses on the particular tourist experience of crossing the Arctic Circle in Rovaniemi, Finland, as in tourism, it represents the “official” entry to the Arctic. The study also aims at drawing assumptions about the future experiences of crossing the Arctic Circle, with the development of new technologies such as augmented and virtual realities.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered with netnography methodologies on the Instagram social network. The first stage was the observational part and consisted of “lurking” at specific hashtags and locations, both referring to the Arctic Circle in Rovaniemi. Data were gathered in December 2018 and consisted of images and descriptions of Instagram posts published by users between June 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018, so data collection encompassed both summer and winter seasons. The second stage was the analysis part and involved interpretive understanding, and especially phenomenological sociology.FindingsResults show that three dominant representations of the Arctic emerge when tourists cross the Arctic Circle. The region is either seen as a frozen fairytale wonderland due to the close proximity of the Christmas industry, as a far and northern destination participating in the realization of the self, and as a territory where summer weather conditions are not necessarily synonymous with the Arctic. In addition, the study acknowledges the future challenges of conceptualizing “Arctic tourism” due to the development of virtual reality technologies that could provide immersive Arctic experiences outside the region.Originality/valueThe paper investigates connections between social media studies and tourist experiences in the Arctic context. It also questions the future of Arctic tourist experiences with the development of new technologies enhancing experiences and, thus, potentially threatening the exceptionalism of the Arctic and what makes the region a unique tourism destination.
The regulations of shipping conferences in Taiwan referring to the EU to repeal the block exemption for liner conferences
Authors: Chiu Rong-Her 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The first well-known liner shipping conference was created for the UK/Calcutta trade in 1875. However, the European Union (EU) decided to abolish repeal the liner conferences system with effect from October 18 2008. This paper aims to study the governing regulations on shipping conferences in Taiwan along with investigating the impact on the EU to repeal conferences. The regulation on liner conferences in the USA is also briefly referred.

Design/methodology/approach
Literature review and questionnaire survey are used to conduct the study. This paper reviews important literature relating to the EU to repeal the conferences system and its impact on liner market competition to/from European trade routes, with discussions on the US and Taiwan regulations on shipping conferences. Questionnaire survey data, collected from published report and this research present shippers’ and carriers’ responses on the changes of regulations on liner conferences.

Findings
Shippers are strongly supporting the repeal of the conferences system. Academic research results basically reveal that the liner market will be more competitive in the trades to/from the USA and the EU after the repeal of the conferences. For Taiwan, its regulations are rather simple and loosely control over the liner conferences; therefore, if the shipping administration intends to enhance the inspection of the agreements of conferences and strategic alliances, more detailed regulations should be prepared, and the provisions of the EU or USA would be a good reference.

Practical implications
Through the discussions on the legal treatments of shipping conferences from the USA, the EU and Taiwan perspectives, this paper provides shipping researchers with not only a clear evolution of the liner conferences but also a deep understanding of the impact to repeal the conferences on liner market competition.

Originality/value
This paper reviews important literature and related legislations on liner conferences including the USA, the EU and Taiwan. The different responses on the EU to repeal the conferences system from shippers and carriers are discussed. The impact on liner market competition is presented.
Warming alters surface soil organic matter composition despite unchanged carbon stocks in a Tibetan permafrost ecosystem
Authors: Li Fei , Peng Yunfeng , Chen Leiyi , Yang Guibiao , Abbott Benjamin W. , Zhang Dianye , Fang Kai , Wang Guanqin , Wang Jun , Yu Jianchun , Liu Li , Zhang Qiwen , Chen Kelong , Mohammat Anwar , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Climate warming can alter ecosystem carbon (C) balance and also the composition of soil organic matter (SOM), with important local and global implications. However, the extent to which rising temperature affects SOM composition in permafrost ecosystems remains poorly understood.

Here, we experimentally warmed a permafrost ecosystem by open‐top chambers (OTCs) on the Tibetan Plateau for 4 years to quantify the responses of C inputs via vegetation production, C losses via soil respiration and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in the top 30 cm. We also characterized the molecular composition of SOM using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and biomarker analyses.

The results indicated that warming treatment significantly increased root biomass, soil respiration, heterotrophic respiration and its contribution to soil respiration by 16.7%, 49.0%, 63.2% and 9.5% respectively. While we observed no change in SOC stocks, warming altered SOM composition in the 0–10 cm layer during the fourth experimental year. Warming increased the abundance of the alkyl C component (3.9%) and decreased aromatic C (5.1%), primarily lignin. The decrease in lignin‐derived compounds was attributable to the increased soil phenol oxidase activity.

Overall, the substantial increase in heterotrophic respiration and rapid degradation of relatively recalcitrant C components such as lignin demonstrate that Tibetan SOC stocks are vulnerable to climate warming, which could trigger positive C–climate feedback in a warmer world.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Improving models of fine root carbon stocks and fluxes in European forests
Authors: Neumann Mathias , Godbold Douglas L. , Hirano Yasuhiro , Finér Leena 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Fine roots and above‐ground litterfall play a pivotal role in carbon dynamics in forests. Nonetheless, direct estimation of stocks of fine roots remains methodologically challenging. Models are thus widely used to estimate these stocks and help elucidate drivers of fine root growth and turnover, at a range of scales.

We updated a database of fine root biomass, necromass and production derived from 454 plots across European forests. We then compared fine root biomass and production to estimates obtained from 19 different models. Typical input variables used for the models included climate, net primary production, foliage and above‐ground biomass, leaf area index (LAI), latitude and/or land cover type. We tested whether performance could be improved by fitting new multiple regression models, and explored effects of species composition and sampling method on estimated fine root biomass.

Average fine root biomass was 332 g/m2, and necromass 379 g/m2, for European forests where the average fine root production was 250 g m−2 year−1. Carbon fraction in fine roots averaged 48.4%, and was 1.5% greater in broadleaved species than conifers.

Available models were poor predictors of fine root biomass and production. The best performing models assumed proportionality between above‐ and below‐ground compartments, and used remotely sensed LAI or foliage biomass as key inputs. Model performance was improved by use of multiple regressions, which revealed consistently greater biomass and production in stands dominated by broadleaved species as well as in mixed stands even after accounting for climatic differences.

Synthesis. We assessed the potential of existing models to estimate fine root biomass and production in European forests. We show that recalibration reduces by about 40% errors in estimates currently produced by the best available models, and increases three‐fold explained variation. Our results underline the quantitative significance of fine roots (live and dead) to the global carbon cycle.
Lung organ‐at‐risk volumes: A survey of practice and the need for a consistent definition in the 4DCT era
Authors: Vinod Shalini , Choong Callie , Vial Philip , Kron Tomas , Ball David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn the 4DCT era, the definition of lung organ‐at‐risk (OAR) volumes for dose–volume histogram (DVH) calculation is unclear, introducing potential for variability in practice. We aimed to identify definitions used clinically and evaluate the magnitude of DVH differences between these.MethodsWe surveyed Australian & New Zealand departments about lung radiotherapy protocols including lung OAR volume definition. We used these definitions to calculate lung DVHs on 10 patients prescribed lung IMRT (60–66 Gy/30–33 fractions). We calculated mean lung dose (MLD), V20 and V30 for ‘Lungs – PTV’, ‘Lungs – CTV’, ‘Lungs – iGTV’ (internal GTV in all respiratory phases) and ‘Lungs – GTV_EX’ (expiratory phase).ResultsThe response rate was 39% (34/88). 14% and 29% of departments did not have a departmental protocol for OAR and tumour volume delineation, respectively. All permutations for lung OAR volumes were used with no clear preference. For conventional radiotherapy (n = 27), this included Lungs alone (n = 1), Lungs – PTV (n = 6), Lungs – CTV (n = 2), Lungs – iGTV (n = 6), Lungs – GTV in single phase (n = 5) and individual clinician preference (n = 7). The different lung OAR volumes resulted in MLD difference ranging from 0.9 to 4.15 Gy, V20 from 1.5% to 6.6% and V30 from 1.34% to 7.11%. The largest differences between subtraction of GTV_EX and iGTV were 0.32 Gy, 0.43% and 0.46% for MLD, V20 and V30, respectively.ConclusionA significant number of departments lacked lung cancer radiotherapy contouring protocols. Lung OAR volume definition was variable between and within departments. Potentially clinically significant differences in lung DVH parameters were seen according to the volume used.
The Economic Effects of Special Purpose Entities on Corporate Tax Avoidance
Authors: Demeré Paul , Donohoe Michael P. , Lisowsky Petro 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThis study provides the first large‐sample evidence on the economic tax effects of special purpose entities (SPEs). These increasingly common organizational structures facilitate corporate tax savings by enabling sponsor firms to increase tax‐advantaged activities and/or enhance their tax efficiency (i.e., relative tax savings of a given activity). Using path analysis, we find that SPEs facilitate greater tax avoidance such that an economically large amount of cash tax savings from research and development (R&D), depreciable assets, net operating loss carryforwards, intangible assets, foreign operations, and tax havens occur in conjunction with SPE use. We estimate that SPEs help generate over $330 billion of incremental cash tax savings, or roughly 6 percent of total U.S. federal corporate income tax collections during the sample period. Interaction analyses reveal that SPEs enhance the tax efficiency of intangibles and R&D by 61.5 percent to 87.5 percent. Overall, these findings provide economic insight into complex organizational structures supporting corporate tax avoidance.
Trade Secrecy Injunctions, Disclosure Risks, and eBay's Influence
Authors: Varadarajan Deepa 
Published: November 2019

Historically, intellectual property (IP) owners could rely on injunctive remedies to prevent continued infringement. The Supreme Court's eBay v. MercExchange decision changed this, however. After eBay, patent courts no longer apply presumptions that push the deliberative scales in favor of injunctions (or “property rule” protection). Instead, patent injunctions require a careful four‐factor analysis, where plaintiffs must demonstrate irreparable injury (i.e., that money damages cannot compensate). Without question, eBay has made it harder for patent plaintiffs to secure injunctions, and has led many district courts to consider innovation policy concerns (e.g., the strategic behavior of patent “troll” plaintiffs) in the injunction calculus. By and large, courts’ more deliberative approach to patent injunctions post‐eBay has been viewed as beneficial for the patent system.Over the past decade, eBay’s influence has migrated to other areas of IP. This article offers the first account of eBay’s impact on federal trade secrecy injunctions. Important differences between trade secret law and other areas of IP—for example, the hard‐to‐quantify risk that disclosure poses to trade secret owners—has lessened eBay’s influence on trade secrecy injunctions. This article argues that disclosure risks justify a bifurcated approach to trade secrecy injunctions. That is, in cases involving the dissemination of trade secrets, courts should presume irreparable injury in the injunction calculus. However, in cases involving the unauthorized use of a trade secret—that is, where a defendant builds upon a plaintiff's trade secret but does not disseminate it—courts should not presume irreparable harm and, instead, should apply the eBay framework. As part of this assessment, courts should consider policy concerns related to cumulative innovation and employee mobility.
Increasing paternal age and ejaculatory abstinence length negatively influence the intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes from egg‐sharing donation cycles
Authors: Setti Amanda S. , Braga Daniela Paes Almeida Ferreira , Iaconelli Junior Assumpto , Borges Junior Edson 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe paternal role in embryogenesis is much more than providing a haploid genome. The spermatozoa have crucial roles related to embryogenesis' epigenetic regulation, fusion of gametes, and cleavage, which may influence intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes.ObjectivesTo study whether paternal age, length of ejaculatory abstinence and semen parameters influence the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the oocyte recipients from egg‐sharing donation cycles.Materials and methodsThis historical cohort study involved 427 oocyte recipient intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, from 321 patients undergoing egg‐sharing donation cycles from January 2015 to May 2017, in a private in vitro fertilization center. Electronic medical records of donors and recipients intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles were reviewed. The impact of male age, length of ejaculatory abstinence, and semen parameters on recipients' intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes were investigated using general mixed models. Implantation, pregnancy, and live birth rates were the primary outcome measures.ResultsPaternal age negatively affected fertilization, day 3 top‐quality embryos, day 3 normal embryo cleavage speed, blastocyst formation, high‐quality blastocysts, and implantation, and was correlated with diminished pregnancy and live birth rates. Length of ejaculatory abstinence negatively influenced the rates of day 3 top‐quality embryos, normal embryo development on day 3, blastocyst development, and implantation. Sperm count positively affected the rates of fertilization, blastocyst development, and implantation. The percentage of progressive sperm motility positively affected day 3 normal embryo development rate and implantation rate. Total motile sperm count positively affected blastocyst development rate and implantation rate.Discussion and ConclusionAdditional tracking of the influence of male characteristics on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes should be stimulated. Paternal age is not manageable, but reducing length of ejaculatory abstinence could be an alternative approach to improve the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
The case for a thick shareholder concept
Authors: Pattit Katherina , Pattit Jason 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMarkets, corporations, shareholding, management, law, and ethics are all human constructs. A human element seems essential to their existence. Yet, the predominant conception of shareholders as used in academia as well as the business world is thin, generic, and inanimate. This article argues that a thick conception of shareholders as human beings is needed to legitimize and improve managerial decision making under value pluralism, accurately reflect empirical reality of capital markets, and meet moral demands to respect the dignity of the human person. Drawing on the philosophical idea of thick evaluative concepts, the article explores how this idea can be applied to shareholders and begins to examine some of the implications of considering shareholders’ humanity for the responsibilities of and relationships between managers and shareholders.