bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of light-emitting diodes on phenylpropanoid biosynthetic gene expression and phenylpropanoid accumulation in Agastache rugosa
Authors: Park Woo Tae , Yeo Sun Kyung , Sathasivam Ramaraj , Park Jong Seok , Kim Jae Kwang , Park Sang Un 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAgsatache rugosa (Korean mint), belongs to the mint family and it has various medicinal properties. In addition, it has several valuable compounds such as monoterpenes and phenylpropanoid compounds. Amongst these, two compounds viz., rosmarinic acid (RA), and tilianin are well-known natural compounds that have numerous pharmacological properties. The phenylpropanoid biosynthetic gene expression under stress conditions and the subsequent accumulation of phenylpropanoid content has not been extensively studied in Korean mint. Here, we investigated the effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the expression levels of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes and the accumulation of phenylpropanoid compounds such as RA and tilianin in A. rugosa. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the phenylpropanoid pathway genes responded to the LED lights. The transcript levels of downstream genes (C4H, CHS, CHI, and RAS) were comparatively higher than those of upstream genes (PAL, TAT, and HPPR). In addition, HPLC analysis showed that the content of RA and tilianin were significantly higher in plants cultivated under white light than those grown under red, blue, green, and orange lights. The RA and tilianin content were the highest in the plantlets after three weeks of exposure to white light. These results suggested that white LED lights significantly enhanced the accumulation of phenylpropanoid compounds in A. rugosa.
Development, validation and regulatory acceptance of improved purification and simplified quality control of [13N] Ammonia
Authors: Yokell Daniel L. , Rice Peter A. , Neelamegam Ramesh , El Fakhri Georges 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
[13N]Ammonia is a cyclotron produced myocardial perfusion imaging agent. With the development of high-yielding [13N]ammonia cyclotron targets using a solution of 5 mM ethanol in water, there was a need to develop and validate an automated purification and formulation system for [13N]ammonia to be in a physiological compatible formulation of 0.9% sodium chloride since there is no widely available commercial system at this time. Due to its short half-life of 10 min, FDA and USP regulations allow [13N]ammonia to be tested in quality control (QC) sub-batches with limited quality control testing performed on the sub-batches for patient use. The current EP and the original USP method for the determination of the radiochemical purity and identity of [13N]ammonia depended on an HPLC method using a conductivity detector and a solvent free of other salts. This HPLC method created issues in a modern cGMP high volume PET manufacturing facility where the HPLC is used with salt containing mobile phase buffers for quality control analysis of other PET radiopharmaceuticals. Flushing of the HPLC system of residual salt buffers which may interfere with the [13N]ammonia assay can take several hours of instrument time. Since there are no mass limits on [13N]ammonia, a simplified TLC assay to determine radiochemical identity and purity could be developed to simplify and streamline QC.

Results
We have developed and validated a streamlined automated synthesis for [13N]ammonia which provides the drug product in 8 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride for injection. A novel radio-TLC method was developed and validated to demonstrate feasibility to quantitate [13N]ammonia and separate it from all known radiochemical impurities.

Conclusions
The process for automated synthesis of [13N]ammonia simplifies and automates the purification and formulation of [13N]ammonia in a cGMP compliant manner needed for high-throughput manufacture of [13N]ammonia. The novel radio-TLC method has simplified [13N]ammonia quality control (QC) and now enables it to be tested using the same QC equipment as [18F]fludeoxyglucose (FDA/USP recognized name for 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose). Both the streamlined automated synthesis of [13N]ammonia and the novel radio-TLC method have been accepted and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the cGMP manufacture of [13N]ammonia.
What does the COVID-19 pandemic mean for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria control?
Authors: Amimo Floriano , Lambert Ben , Magit Anthony 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite its current relatively low global share of cases and deaths in Africa compared to other regions, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has the potential to trigger other larger crises in the region. This is due to the vulnerability of health and economic systems, coupled with the high burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), and malaria. Here we examine the potential implications of COVID-19 on the control of these major epidemic diseases in Africa. We use current evidence on disease burden of HIV, TB, and malaria, and epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in Africa, retrieved from the literature. Our analysis shows that the current measures to control COVID-19 neglect important and complex context-specific epidemiological, social, and economic realities in Africa. There is a similarity of clinical features of TB and malaria, with those used to track COVID-19 cases. This coupled with institutional mistrust and misinformation might result in many patients with clinical features similar to those of COVID-19 being hesitant to voluntarily seek care in a formal health facility. Furthermore, most people in productive age in Africa work in the informal sector, and most of those in the formal sector are underemployed. With the current measures to control COVID-19, these populations might face unprecedented difficulties to access essential services, mainly due to reduced ability of patients to support direct and indirect medical costs, and unavailability of transportation means to reach health facilities. Therefore, if not accompanied with appropriate economic and epidemiological considerations, we anticipate that these measures might result in unprecedented difficulties among vulnerable segments of society to access essential services, including antiretroviral and prophylactic drugs among people living with HIV and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, anti-tuberculosis drugs, and curative and preventive treatments for malaria among pregnant women and children. This might increase the propensity of patients taking substandard doses and/or medicines, which has the potential to compromise drug efficacy, and worsen health inequalities in the region. COVID-19 responses at country level should include measures to protect vulnerable and under-served segments of society.
Managing healthcare delivery system to fight the COVID-19 epidemic: experience in Japan
Authors: Gai Ruoyan , Tobe Makoto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAmid the global pandemic of a novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), healthcare delivery system is being stretched. In Japan, rapid spread of the epidemic brings hospitals to the brink of exhaustion. This commentary aims to briefly review related policies of Japan in managing healthcare delivery system. Among the relevant actions, strengthening the hospitalized care is emphasized to save lives. Despite of limitations, the policies show a success in preventing a collapse of healthcare delivery system and skyrocketing mortality from happening so far. On the other hand, huge concerns remain if the infections continue to rapidly increase. The experience in Japan indicates the urgency of planning of healthcare delivery system, mobilizing all relevant social sectors by consensus, and guiding people with calm manner based on the best shared knowledge and evidences.
Bacterial and fungal causes of infectious keratitis among patients attending Research Institute of Ophthalmology
Authors: Abouzeid Amal Ibrahim , Eissa Somaia Abd Ellatif , Aboelnour Amal E. , Awad Alaa Mohamed Reda 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Corneal ulcer is a potentially sight threatening ocular condition and the leading cause of monocular blindness in developing countries. Knowing the predisposing factors and etiologic microorganism can help prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent devastating outcomes
The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of bacteria and fungi in infectious keratitis. And to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern against these causative bacterial and fungal pathogens using antibacterial and antifungal disces.

Results
Out of 50 cases (= 50 eyes), fungal growth was predominant 23/50 representing 46% with Aspergillus flavus being the most prevalent 14/23(61%). Bacterial growth was 7/50 (14%), 4/7 was gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonie) and 3/7 was pseudomonas spp. While twenty out of 50 cases (40%) showed no growth.

Conclusion
Ocular trauma was the major cause of infectious keratitis, more in rural population. Fungal growth; mainly Aspergillus spp. was the most prevalent pathogen encountered in all cases. Voriconazole proved to be the first choice in the treatment of mould keratitis with 100% susceptibility. While alarmingly, fluconazole should no longer be used for the empirical therapy as it showed resistance to all the fungal isolates.
Standard-of-Care Axicabtagene Ciloleucel for Relapsed or Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results From the US Lymphoma CAR T Consortium
Authors: Nastoupil Loretta J. , Jain Michael D. , Feng Lei , Spiegel Jay Y. , Ghobadi Armin , Lin Yi , Dahiya Saurabh , Lunning Matthew , Lekakis Lazaros , Reagan Patrick , Oluwole Olalekan , McGuirk Joseph , Deol Abhinav , Sehgal Alison R. , Goy Andre , Hill Brian T. , Vu Khoan , Andreadis Charalambos , Munoz Javier , Westin Jason , Chavez Julio C. , Cashen Amanda , Bennani N. Nora , Rapoport Aaron P. , Vose Julie M. , Miklos David B. , Neelapu Sattva S. , Locke Frederick L. 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is an autologous CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy approved for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) on the basis of the single-arm phase II ZUMA-1 trial, which showed best overall and complete response rates in infused patients of 83% and 58%, respectively. We report clinical outcomes with axi-cel in the standard-of-care (SOC) setting for the approved indication. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were collected retrospectively from all patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL who underwent leukapheresis as of September 30, 2018, at 17 US institutions with the intent to receive SOC axi-cel. Toxicities were graded and managed according to each institution’s guidelines. Responses were assessed as per Lugano 2014 classification. RESULTS Of 298 patients who underwent leukapheresis, 275 (92%) received axi-cel therapy. Compared with the registrational ZUMA-1 trial, 129 patients (43%) in this SOC study would not have met ZUMA-1 eligibility criteria because of comorbidities at the time of leukapheresis. Among the axi-cel–treated patients, grade ≥ 3 cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity occurred in 7% and 31%, respectively. Nonrelapse mortality was 4.4%. Best overall and complete response rates in infused patients were 82% (95% CI, 77% to 86%) and 64% (95% CI, 58% to 69%), respectively. At a median follow-up of 12.9 months from the time of CAR T-cell infusion, median progression-free survival was 8.3 months (95% CI, 6.0 to15.1 months), and median overall survival was not reached. Patients with poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2-4 and elevated lactate dehydrogenase had shorter progression-free and overall survival on univariable and multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION The safety and efficacy of axi-cel in the SOC setting in patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL was comparable to the registrational ZUMA-1 trial.
Low-Temperature NO Reduction over Fe-Ni Alloy Nanoparticles Using Synergistic Effects of Fe and Ni in a Catalytic NO-CO-C3H6-O2 Reaction
Authors: Yoshida Hiroshi , Kawakami Yuki , Tokuzumi Wakana , Shimokawa Yushi , Hirakawa Taiki , Ohyama Junya , Machida Masato 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A platinum-group-metal-free catalyst comprising Fe-Ni alloy nanoparticles on a γ-Al2O3 support was investigated for use in three-way catalytic converters, with particular attention being paid to its NO reduction activity. The catalyst showed activity for the simultaneous removal of NO, CO, and C3H6 in the stoichiometric NO-CO-C3H6-O2 reaction. Low-oxidation-state Fe sites were found to be effective for NO reduction, while their oxidation by this reaction induced catalyst deactivation. Ni atoms adjacent to the low-oxidation-state Fe atoms were found to stabilize them by catalyzing the consumption of the O atoms in the nanoparticles for CO oxidation, which indirectly promoted further NO reduction.
УРОВЕНЬ ЖИЗНИ СЕМЕЙ С ДЕТЬМИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ И ПОВЫШЕНИЯ
Authors: Ivanova Natalya Valerievna , Markova Svetlana Valerievna , Erina Tatyana Valerievna 
Published: May 2020

В статье проанализированы социальные индикаторы уровня жизни семей с детьми в Республике Татарстан, публикуемые официальной статистикой. Систематизированы меры социальной поддержки семей с детьми по критериям нуждаемости и многодетности.Цель работы – оценка уровня жизни семей с детьми в Республике Татарстан на основе данных официальной статистики.Метод или методология проведения работы: традиционные приемы экономического анализа и синтеза, статистический и сравнительный методы.Результаты. Анализ структуры конечного потребления и состава питания домашних хозяйств, свидетельствует о невысоком уровне жизни семей с двумя и более детьми по сравнению с остальными группами домохозяйств.Заработная плата не способна в полной мере обеспечить социально-приемлемый уровень жизни работника его семьи. Семьи с детьми с одним работающим родителем имеют высокие риски оказаться за чертой бедности.Анализ применяемых мер социальной поддержки семей с детьми показывает, что руководствуясь принципом адресности, социальные выплаты предоставляются главным образом, малоимущим слоям населения, в соответствии с принятыми в обществе критериями бедности. Семьи, доходы которых близки к прожиточному минимуму, остаются вне системы государственной поддержки.Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут применяться региональными и федеральными органами власти для разработки направлений социальной и семейной политики, направленной на повышение уровня жизни и борьбу с бедностью семей с детьми, а так же научными работниками, интересующимися данной проблемой.
Growth Options and Credit Risk
Authors: Gamba Andrea , Saretto Alessio 
Published: May 2020

We calibrate a dynamic model of credit risk and analyze the relation between growth options and credit spreads. Our model features real and financing frictions, a technology with decreasing returns to scale, and endogenous investment options driven by both systematic and idiosyncratic shocks. We find a negative relation between credit spreads and growth options after controlling for determinants of credit risk. This negative relation is a result of the current decision to invest and the associated change in leverage, which, in the presence of external financing needs and financing frictions, increase credit spreads while reducing the value of future investments. We do not find evidence that growth options accrue value in response to systematic risk, thus increasing credit risk premia. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Information Disclosure in Contests with Endogenous Entry: An Experiment
Authors: Boosey Luke , Brookins Philip , Ryvkin Dmitry 
Published: May 2020

We use a laboratory experiment to study the effects of disclosing the number of active participants in contests with endogenous entry. At the first stage, potential participants decide whether to enter competition, and at the second stage, entrants choose their investments. In a 2[Formula: see text]2 design, we manipulate the size of the outside option, [Formula: see text], and whether the number of entrants is disclosed between the stages. Theory predicts more entry for lower [Formula: see text] and the levels of entry and aggregate investment to be independent of disclosure in all cases. We find empirical entry frequencies decreasing with [Formula: see text]. For aggregate investment, we find no effect of disclosure when [Formula: see text] is low but a strong positive effect of disclosure when [Formula: see text] is high. The difference is driven by substantial overinvestment in contests with a small, publicly known number of players contrasted by more restrained investment in contests in which the number of players is uncertain and may be small. The behavior under disclosure is explained by a combination of joy of winning and entry regret. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
Tarsometatarsal bone remodelling after subtalar arthroereisis
Authors: Braito Matthias , Radlwimmer Maria , Dammerer Dietmar , Hofer-Picout Philipp , Wansch Jürgen , Biedermann Rainer 
Published: May 2020

Purpose Subtalar arthroereisis has been described for the treatment of flexible juvenile flatfoot. However, the mechanism responsible for deformity correction has not yet been investigated adequately. The aim of this study was to document the effect of subtalar arthroereisis on the tarsometatarsal bone morphology. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological data of 26 patients (45 feet) with juvenile flexible flatfoot deformity treated by subtalar arthroereisis at our department between 2000 and 2018. Radiological evaluation included angular measurements of tarsometatarsal bone morphology as well as hindfoot and midfoot alignment. Mean radiographic follow-up was 19.4 months (sd 8.8; 12 to 41). Results A significant change of angular measurements of tarsometatarsal bone morphology was found after subtalar arthroereisis (p < 0.001). While there was an increase of the distal medial cuneiform angle (DMCA) and the medial cuneo-first metatarsal angle on the anteroposterior view, a decrease of the naviculo-medial cuneiform angle and the medial cuneo-first metatarsal angle was seen on the lateral view. Furthermore, we found significant improvements of all hindfoot and midfoot alignment parameters except the lateral tibio-calcaneal angle and the calcaneal pitch angle (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our data support the theory of tarsometatarsal bone remodelling, which may contribute to the effect of subtalar arthroereisis for the treatment of flexible juvenile flatfoot. Level of evidence IV
Escritura acadêmica e engagement: limitações e potencialidades na elaboração dos trabalhos finais da graduação
Authors: Rigo Rosa Maria , Vitória Maria Inês Côrte , Moreira José António Marques 
Published: May 2020

Este relato de experiência tratou de analisar limitações e potencialidades no decorrer do processo de escrita de Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso de Graduação. Utilizando a análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2010), os resultados apontaram como limitações: 1) a escrita de gêneros textuais necessita ser praticada, incentivada regularmente; 2) fomento à cultura leitora se faz urgente desde o ingresso na universidade. Como potencialidades o estudo apontou: 1) a escrita acadêmica pode se tornar elemento importante em processos de engajamento estudantil; 2) a aprendizagem por pares evidenciou a melhoria na escrita dos TCCs; 3) a promoção da aprendizagem ativa auxilia na elaboração do TCC; 4) a atribuição de sentido ao TCC auxilia na autonomia do estudante, desde que amparado em leitura de bons textos de referência.
Teoria histórico-cultural e suas contribuições para o ensino de artes visuais
Authors: Silva Ana Rita da , Zanatta Beatriz Aparecida 
Published: May 2020

O conteúdo deste artigo decorre de uma pesquisa de mestrado em Educação, que teve como objeto de investigação a organização do ensino de arte na perspectiva histórico-cultural para a formação da capacidade de leitura estética dos estudantes do ensino fundamental. O objetivo do artigo é apresentar alguns conceitos básicos da teoria histórico-cultural que explicam a formação e o desenvolvimento das funções psicológicas do ser humano, dando ênfase ao papel das relações sociais e das mediações culturais nas interações de ensino-aprendizagem, especificamente em arte. Parte-se da premissa que a arte ocupa lugar de relevância no desenvolvimento humano por proporcionar a mediação com as formas superiores de pensamento e sensibilidade, impulsionando o desenvolvimento da personalidade. A capacidade de metaforizar o mundo amplia a percepção para além da aparência dos objetos e instiga a imaginação a construir novas formas e modos de ver o mundo. Nesta perspectiva, a metodologia adotada neste trabalho foi a pesquisa bibliográfica com foco na teoria histórico-cultural, discutindo as suas contribuições para a organização do processo de ensino-aprendizagem de artes visuais. As conclusões do trabalho apontam para a pertinência da teoria histórico-cultural para o ensino da arte, no sentido de ajudar a compreender como os elementos simbólicos, historicamente produzidos, impulsionam o desenvolvimento psicológico integral dos estudantes.
DOS PROBLEMAS DE PROSODIA DEL GRIEGO ANTIGUO. PRIMERA PARTE: SÍLABAS CERRADAS CON ACENTO AGUDO
Authors: Abritta Alejandro 
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo es la primera parte de un estudio sobre dos problemas de la prosodia del griego antiguo vinculados a la relación entre el acento tonal del lenguaje y la estructura silábica de las palabras. Luego de un resumen de algunos conceptos básicos de prosodia del griego que son utilizados a lo largo del trabajo, se analiza el problema de las palabras con sílabas cerradas con acento agudo. La principal novedad del análisis (el problema ya ha sido encarado por otros previamente) es que el corpus de estudio es la poesía homérica, fuente antes desatendida como evidencia del acento.
LIBANIO Y LA CULTURA LIBRESCA TEMPRANO-BIZANTINA
Authors: Fernández Tomás 
Published: May 2020

Este artículo pretende dar cuenta del rol de los libros, los copistas y la circulación de textos en la obra de Libanio (s. IV), y especialmente en su Autobiografía (= oratio 1). Sobre la base de las referencias a la cultura libresca, por lo demás, se establecen vínculos con la cultura griega anterior, en particular con la segunda sofística; contemporánea y cristiana; y posterior, de los períodos medio y tardo-bizantino.
Πραπίς EN HOMERO: UNA PROPUESTA DE CLARIFICACIÓN SEMÁNTICA
Authors: Gutierres Daniel 
Published: May 2020

El sustantivo πραπίς / πραπίδες presenta diversos usos en los poemas homéricos, de acuerdo con diferentes campos semánticos que van desde lo anatómico a lo cognoscitivo. Desde la Antigüedad se intentó clarificar el sentido básico del término, equiparándolo con los distintos campos semánticos que comprende elsustantivo φρήν / φρένες. El término no aparece nunca en singular (πραπίς) en los poemas homéricos (y es raro también en la literatura posterior) sino siempre en plural (πραπίδες). Este trabajo pretende clarificar, en general, la significación del término y, en particular, el sentido que adquiere cuando es empleado en singular, apelando tanto al recurso de reconstrucción de una hipotética raíz indoeuropea como a conceptos de la teoría cognitiva-prototípica como los de conceptualización, metonimización, metaforización y modelización.