bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nomogram to predict non–sentinel lymph node metastasis in patients with initial cN+ breast cancer that downstages to cN0 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Cheng Minyi , Zhuang Xiaosheng , Zhang Liulu , Zhu Teng , Lin Yufeng , Yang Mei , Ji Fei , Yang Ciqiu , Gao Hongfei , Wang Kun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study mainly explored the factors that influence non–sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis in patients with breast cancer (BC) whose axillary lymph nodal status changed from clinically node positive (cN+) to clinically node negative (cN0) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological factors affecting NSLN metastasis in a total of 179 patients with cN+ BC downstaged to cN0 (120 in the training set and 59 in the validation set) who underwent both sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection following NAC.ResultsAmong 179 patients enrolled, the overall NSLN metastatic rate was 24.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.7%‐30.3%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the number of positive SLNs achieving a pathological complete remission of the breast and clinical node staging was independent predictors of NSLN metastasis. A nomogram was established based on these factors and displayed a good discriminatory capability, with an area under the curve of 0.919 (95% CI: 0.865‐0.973) for the training set and 0.900 (95% CI: 0.812‐0.988) for the validation set and its clinical utility was confirmed by the decision curve analysis.ConclusionsThe nomogram established showed the ability to predict NSLN metastases in patients with initial cN+ BC that downstaged to cN0 after NAC.
Ultrasound May Help Detect Chest Wall Recurrence After Mastectomy at an Early Stage
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Danru , Wu Zhifeng 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo define ultrasound (US) features that help diagnose local recurrence (LR) and differentiate benign masses from LR chest wall masses after mastectomy in patients with breast cancer.MethodsThe US and surgical records of 119 pathologically confirmed chest wall masses in 101 patients were reviewed from 4634 patients with breast cancer who underwent mastectomies. The chest wall masses were divided into 2 groups depending on their longitudinal diameter (LD; ≤10 and > 10 mm). The US features of the subgroups, depending on their nature (benign and LR), were analyzed and compared.ResultsAmong 119 masses, 58 (48.74%) were benign masses, and 61 (51.26%) were LR masses. For LR, the mean area under the curve ± SD, sensitivity, and specificity of US were 0.849 ± 0.033, 85.25%, and 84.48% (P < .001), respectively. Among the US characteristics, vascularity, an irregular shape, and a location in deep layers were the top 3 factors related to LR (odds ratios, 4.0, 2.6, and 2.2). To diagnose LR by US, judging the anatomic layer of the locations of masses with an LD of 10 mm or less and the presence of vascularity in masses with an LD of greater than 10 mm were helpful.ConclusionsUltrasound is a relatively accurate and objective method to differentiate LR from a benign mass after mastectomy with follow‐up. Judging the anatomic layer of the mass location with US likely increases the accuracy of LR diagnosis at an early stage.
Effects of Neurod1 Expression on Mouse and Human Schwannoma Cells
Authors: Kersigo Jennifer , Gu Lintao , Xu Linjing , Pan Ning , Vijayakuma Sarath , Jones Timothy , Shibata Seiji B. , Fritzsch Bernd , Hansen Marlan R. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe objective was to explore the effect of the proneuronal transcription factor neurogenic differentiation 1 (Neurod1, ND1) on Schwann cells (SC) and schwannoma cell proliferation.MethodsUsing a variety of transgenic mouse lines, we investigated how expression of Neurod1 effects medulloblastoma (MB) growth, schwannoma tumor progression, vestibular function, and SC cell proliferation. Primary human vestibular schwannoma (VS) cell cultures were transduced with adenoviral vectors expressing Neurod1. Cell proliferation was assessed by 5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine (EdU) uptake.Study DesignBasic science investigation.ResultsExpression of Neurod1 reduced the growth of slow‐growing but not fast‐growing MB models. Gene transfer of Neurod1 in human schwannoma cultures significantly reduced cell proliferation in dose‐dependent way. Deletion of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (Nf2) tumor‐suppressor gene via Cre expression in SCs led to increased intraganglionic SC proliferation and mildly reduced vestibular sensory‐evoked potentials (VsEP) responses compared to age‐matched wild‐type littermates. The effect of Neurod1‐induced expression on intraganglionic SC proliferation in animals lacking Nf2 was mild and highly variable. Sciatic nerve axotomy significantly increased SC proliferation in wild‐type and Nf2‐null animals, and expression of Neurod1 reduced the proliferative capacity of both wild‐type and Nf2‐null SCs following nerve injury.ConclusionExpression of Neurod1 reduces slow‐growing MB progression and reduces human SC proliferation in primary VS cultures. In a genetic mouse model of schwannomas, we find some effects of Neurod1 expression; however, the high variability indicates that more tightly regulated Neurod1 expression levels that mimic our in vitro data are needed to fully validate Neurod1 effects on schwannoma progression.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E259–E270, 2021
Simul‐staining manganese oxides and microbial cells
Authors: Cavazos Amanda R. , Glass Jennifer B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractManganese oxide minerals (Mn(III/IV)Ox) are ubiquitous in natural environments and interactions between Mn(III/IV)Ox and microbes play important roles in biogeochemical cycles. Current techniques for determining the spatial distribution of microbes with Mn(III/IV)Ox include electron microscopy and synchrotron radiation analyses. However, these techniques may not be readily available in most laboratories or may be cost prohibitive. Here we present a rapid, cost‐effective “simul‐staining” method for imaging particulate Mn(III/IV)Ox and cells on the same filter using epifluorescence microscopy with differential interference contrast (DIC) capability as a prescreening tool before higher resolution and/or more time‐intensive analyses. This method uses leucoberbelin blue (LBB) dye, which turns blue when oxidized by particulate Mn(III/IV)Ox on filters, and the fluorescent nucleic acid stain, SYBR Green, which fluoresces when bound to nucleic acids. First, the DIC configuration is used to locate blue “haloes” of oxidized LBB around Mn(III/IV)Ox particles. Second, a filter set that excites dyes with blue light and emits green fluorescence is used to image SYBR Green bound to nucleic acids in cells. Third, ImageJ is used for image analysis to associate Mn(III/IV)Ox particles and microbes. We demonstrate that this simul‐staining is suitable for laboratory cultures of manganese‐oxidizing bacteria as well as environmental samples from a marine oxycline.
Indeterminate thyroid nodules in the era of molecular genomics
Authors: Rao Sarika N. , Bernet Victor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndeterminate thyroid nodules are diagnosed in up to 30% of fine‐needle aspirations and the risk of malignancy in these cases are highly variable. Consequently, managing these nodules has been a challenge. While a diagnostic thyroidectomy would help clarify the pathology, there is the risk of developing surgical‐related complications for a procedure that may not have been necessary and associated high costs. Genomic testing of indeterminate thyroid nodules may help better guide management.MethodsWe present an unbiased comprehensive review of available molecular testing for classifying indeterminate thyroid nodules, as well as their strengths and limitations, with the objective to allow practitioners to choose the best testing modality for their patients.ResultsMolecular testing of these nodules provided a platform to help distinguish benign versus malignant nodules, providing more confidence to rule in or rule out the likelihood of thyroid cancer in indeterminate nodules.ConclusionGenomic testing has evolved to more comprehensive panels to better stratify indeterminate nodules, including Hürthle cell neoplasms and noninvasive follicular neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features. Understanding the methodology of each available test improves patient care and reduces unnecessary costs.
Behavioral Circadian Timing System Disruptors and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a Nonshift Working Multiethnic Population
Authors: Muilwijk Mirthe , Stenvers Dirk Jan , Nicolaou Mary , Kalsbeek Andries , van Valkengoed Irene G.M. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe distributions of behavioral circadian disruptors in a free‐living setting among a nonshift working multiethnic population, estimate the associated risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and determine whether disruptors account for ethnic differences in T2D.MethodsParticipants from six ethnic groups were included (Amsterdam, the Netherlands; n = 1,347‐3,077 per group). Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate ethnic differences in disruptors, such as skipping breakfast, eating erratically, and sleep duration. Associations between disruptors and incident T2D and the interaction by ethnicity were studied by Cox regression.ResultsEthnic minority populations skipped breakfast more often, timed meals differently, had longer periods of fasting, ate more erratically, and had more short/long sleep durations than the Dutch. Night snacking from 4 am to 6 am (HR: 5.82; 95% CI: 1.42‐23.91) and both short (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03‐2.12) and long sleep (HR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.54‐6.22), but no other disruptors, were associated with T2D. The higher T2D risk among ethnic minority populations compared with Dutch did not decrease after adjustment for last snack or length of sleep.ConclusionsAlthough prevalence of circadian disruptors was higher among ethnic minority populations and some disruptors were associated with T2D, disruptors did not account for ethnic differences in T2D risk.
BMI and Cause‐Specific Hospital Admissions and Costs: The UK Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: O’Halloran Richard , Mihaylova Borislava , Cairns Benjamin J. , Kent Seamus 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the effect of BMI on cause‐specific hospital admissions and costs in men and women is not well understood, and this study’s aim is to address this.MethodsFor 451,320 men and women aged 40 years or older recruited into the UK Biobank, followed up for 6 years on average, this study estimated annual rates and costs (at 2016 UK prices) of hospital admissions, overall and by diagnostic category (using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision chapters), in relation to BMI.ResultsAmong those who were never smokers, a 2‐kg/m2 higher BMI (above 20 kg/m2) was associated with a 6.2% (99% CI: 5.3% to 7.2%) higher admission rate and an 8.6% (99% CI: 7.3% to 10.0%) higher annual cost in men and with a 5.7% (99% CI: 4.9% to 6.6%) higher admission rate and an 8.4% (99% CI: 7.5% to 9.3%) higher annual cost in women. Higher BMI was associated with higher admission rates and costs for many types of health conditions, particularly for endocrine, skin, and musculoskeletal disorders in both men and women and for circulatory diseases in men.ConclusionsBMI beyond healthy weight is strongly associated with higher annual rates of hospital admission and higher costs in both men and women across a wide range of health conditions.
Clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 in children: Are they similar to those of SARS?
Authors: Leung Char 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough the number of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections has been rising amid the current pandemic of COVID‐19, the low infection rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 in children has been low. By examining the clinical data available in the public domain, the present work clarifies the clinical presentations in children with COVID‐19 in China. Statistical significance tests and adjusted odds ratios estimation were performed on the children (age below 18) and adults (age 18 or above) cohorts in China. SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2 shared similar clinical features. Lower respiratory tract infection was less prominent in children as evidenced by the relatively low prevalence in chest pain/discomfort and dyspnea. Similar to SARS, younger children had a less aggressive clinical course, compared with adolescents. While fewer symptoms were observed in children compared to adults, there is not yet sufficient evidence to conclude shorter hospital stay in children.
Model‐Based Analysis Reveals a Sustained and Dose‐Dependent Acceleration of Wound Healing by VEGF‐A mRNA (AZD8601)
Authors: Almquist Joachim , Rikard S. Michaela , Wågberg Maria , Bruce Anthony C. , Gennemark Peter , Fritsche‐Danielson Regina , Chien Kenneth R. , Peirce Shayn M. , Hansson Kenny , Lundahl Anna 
Published: May 2020

Intradermal delivery of AZD8601, an mRNA designed to produce vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A), has previously been shown to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in a murine diabetic model. Here, we develop population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models aiming to quantify the effect of AZD8601 injections on the dynamics of wound healing. A dataset of 584 open wound area measurements from 131 mice was integrated from 3 independent studies encompassing different doses, dosing timepoints, and number of doses. Evaluation of several candidate models showed that wound healing acceleration is not likely driven directly by time‐dependent VEGF‐A concentration. Instead, we found that administration of AZD8601 induced a sustained acceleration of wound healing depending on the accumulated dose, with a dose producing 50% of the maximal effect of 92 µg. Simulations with this model showed that a single dose of 200 µg AZD8601 can reduce the time to reach 50% wound healing by up to 5 days.
Accounting for heterogeneity in the θ–σ relationship: Application to wheat phenotyping using EMI
Authors: Blanchy Guillaume , Watts Christopher W. , Ashton Rhys W. , Webster Colin P. , Hawkesford Malcolm J. , Whalley William R. , Binley Andrew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGeophysical methods, such as electromagnetic induction (EMI), can be effective for monitoring changes in soil moisture at the field scale, particularly in agricultural applications. The electrical conductivity (σ) inferred from EMI needs to be converted to soil moisture content (θ) using an appropriate relationship. Typically, a single global relationship is applied to an entire agricultural field; however, soil heterogeneity at the field scale may limit the effectiveness of such an approach. One application area that may suffer from such an effect is crop phenotyping. Selecting crop varieties based on their root traits is important for crop breeding and maximizing yield. Hence, high‐throughput tools for phenotyping the root system architecture and activity at the field scale are needed. Water uptake is a major root activity and, under appropriate conditions, can be approximated by measuring changes in soil moisture from time‐lapse geophysical surveys. We examine here the effect of heterogeneity in the θ–σ relationship using a crop phenotyping study for illustration. In this study, the θ–σ relationship was found to vary substantially across a field site. To account for this, we propose a range of local (plot specific) θ–σ models. We show that the large number of parameters required for these models can be estimated from baseline σ and θ measurements. Finally, we compare the use of global (field scale) and local (plot scale) models with respect to ranking varieties based on the estimated soil moisture content change.
Evaporation from undulating soil surfaces under turbulent airflow through numerical and experimental approaches
Authors: Gao Bo , Farnsworth John , Smits Kathleen M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEvaporation from undulating soil surfaces is rarely studied due to limited modeling theory and inadequate experimental data linking dynamic soil and atmospheric interactions. The goal of this paper is to provide exploratory insights into evaporation behavior from undulating soil surfaces under turbulent conditions through numerical and experimental approaches. A previously developed and verified coupled free flow and porous media flow model was extended by incorporating turbulent airflow through Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The model explicitly describes the relevant physical processes and the key properties in the free flow, porous media, and at the interface, allowing for the analysis of coupled exchange fluxes. An experiment aiming to simultaneously collect the data of the boundary layer and soil evaporation in the area around the soil–atmosphere interface was conducted using a wind tunnel integrated with a soil tank. The turbulent boundary layer above the undulating soil surface was captured using high‐resolution hot‐wire anemometry, confirming the presence of recirculation zones in the undulating valleys and locally low evaporative flux. Experimental data were used to validate the extended model, and modeling results demonstrate that turbulent airflow enhances evaporation and shortens the duration of Stage I. The surface geometry significantly affects the local evaporative flux by influencing the vapor distribution, concentration gradient, and water availability at the soil surface, especially when recirculation zones form in the valleys. As a joint result of turbulence and surface undulations, the influence of wind speed on both the local and system‐level evaporation rate is restricted.
Seasonal and Regional Differences in Economic Benefits of Turkey Hunting
Authors: Chapagain Binod P. , Poudyal Neelam C. , Joshi Omkar , Watkins Cristina , Applegate Roger D. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; hereafter, turkey) hunting is a popular outdoor recreation activity in many states, including Tennessee, USA. Despite its cultural and social significance, economic benefits associated with turkey hunting are largely unknown. Past economic studies either focused on other big game species or provided generic value for big game, and do not offer benefit estimates specific to turkey. We estimated a demand model for turkey hunting trips in Tennessee and quantified per‐trip and statewide aggregate value of turkey hunting. We compared the net economic value of turkey hunting trips between hunting seasons (autumn and spring) and wildlife management regions that differ in many aspects including turkey population, hunting regulations, etc. Per person per trip value of turkey hunting ranged between US$34 and US$90 depending on the modeling assumption regarding hunters’ opportunity cost of time. Moreover, estimated value differed among regions and between hunting seasons, with the value of a turkey‐hunting trip in the spring season being twice that of the autumn season. Many states in southern United States, including Tennessee, have recently experienced declines in turkey populations and are in need of economic justifications for investment in research and management. Our results are useful to wildlife agencies in characterizing economic benefits of turkey hunting and evaluating the welfare implications of regulations (e.g., closure, reduction in season length) restricting or expanding hunting opportunities. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Age-, sex- and ethnicity-related differences in body weight, blood pressure, HbA1c and lipid levels at the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes relative to people without diabetes
Authors: Wright Alison K. , Welsh Paul , Gill Jason M. R. , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Emsley Richard , Buchan Iain , Ashcroft Darren M. , Rutter Martin K. , Sattar Naveed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAims/hypothesisThe aim of this work was to determine how weight patterns together with blood glucose, BP and lipids vary at diagnosis of diabetes by age, sex and ethnicity.MethodsUsing the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we identified people with type 2 diabetes (n = 187,601) diagnosed in 1998–2015 and compared their weights, HbA1c, BP and lipid levels at diagnosis with age-matched people without diabetes (n = 906,182), by sex and ethnic group.ResultsYounger age at diagnosis was associated with greater adjusted mean difference (95% CI) in weight between those with vs without type 2 diabetes: 18.7 (18.3, 19.1) kg at age 20–39 years and 5.3 (5.0, 5.5) kg at age ≥ 80 years. Weight differentials were maximal in white women, and were around double in white people compared with South Asian and black people. Despite lower absolute values, BP differences were also greater at younger age of diabetes onset: 7 (6, 7) mmHg at age 20–39 years vs −0.5 (−0.9, −0.2) at age ≥ 80 years. BP differences were greatest in white people, and especially in women. Triacylglycerol level differences were greatest in younger men. Finally, HbA1clevels were also higher with younger onset diabetes, particularly in black people.Conclusions/interpretationAt diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, when compared with people without diabetes, weight and BP differentials were greater in younger vs older people, in women vs men and in white vs South Asian and black people. These differences were observed even though South Asian and black people tend to develop diabetes a decade earlier with either similar or greater dysglycaemia. These striking patterns may have implications for management and prevention.
Approximation theorems for spaces of localities
Authors: Anscombe Sylvy , Dittmann Philip , Fehm Arno 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe classical Artin–Whaples approximation theorem allows to simultaneously approximate finitely many different elements of a field with respect to finitely many pairwise inequivalent absolute values. Several variants and generalizations exist, for example for finitely many (Krull) valuations, where one usually requires that these are independent, i.e. induce different topologies on the field. Ribenboim proved a generalization for finitely many valuations where the condition of independence is relaxed for a natural compatibility condition, and Ershov proved a statement about simultaneously approximating finitely many different elements with respect to finitely many possibly infinite sets of pairwise independent valuations. We prove approximation theorems for infinite sets of valuations and orderings without requiring pairwise independence.