bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis Using Fibroscan in HIV-positive Patients Treated with Anti-retroviral (ARV) Medicines Referred to the Biggest Hospital in Tehran, 2018 to 2019
Authors: Rasoulinejad Mehrnaz , Seyed Alinaghi Seyed Ahmad , Sohrabi Masoud Reza , Badie Banafsheh Moradmand , Manshadi Seyed Ali Dehghan , Nezhad Malihe Hassan , Khatami Seyedeh Rana 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Liver injury is a characteristic feature of HIV infection, which is the second most common cause of mortality among HIV positive patients. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a new concern in the management of people living with HIV (PLWH). The condition encompasses a spectrum of diseases from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The current study was to evaluate hepatic steatosis and fibrosis using fibroscan among PLWH treated with anti-retroviral (ARV) medicines.

Methods:
The present research was designed as a cross-sectional study and 100 HIV positive patients under antiretroviral treatment (ART) were enrolled in the study. All PLWH, including 49 men (49%) and 51 women (51%) (Mean age of 39.9 years), were evaluated by Transient Elastography (TE) in Imam Khomeini Hospital during 2018 and 2019.

Results:
The mean CD4 count was 610 cells/μl, 4% with CD4 < 200 cells/μl, 30% between 201 and 500cells/μl, and 66% with CD4 >500 cells/μl. Based on the TE result, 10% of patients had significant fibrosis (F2:6% and F3:4%) and most of the patients had mild fibrosis (F1:77%). A significant, direct relationship was found between HIV infection duration and fibrosis, especially in the duration of more than five years of the disease. There was no significant association between liver fibrosis and other factors (P>0.05).

Conclusion:
The presence of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis demonstrates the main health concern for PLWH mono-infection, and mainly transient elastography is recommended for HIV mono-infected patients, especially if their infection period is over five years.
Rimozione dei contaminanti ambientali mediante applicazione di processi ultrasonici ed adsorbimento su carboni attivi: una tecnologia innovativa
Authors: Amendola Roberta 
Published: December 2020

La rimozione di contaminanti ambientali dal nostro sistema idrico
continua ad essere prioritaria, in quanto tali sostanze hanno impatti
negativi sull’ambiente e sulla salute umana. Tra le tecniche più diffuse
per la rimozione di materia organica presente nelle acque reflue, vi
sono i processi di ossidazione avanzata, ed in particolare
l’adsorbimento mediante carbone attivo granulare. Studi recenti hanno
scoperto come l’utilizzo di processi ad ultrasuoni (US) migliori
l’adsorbimento per molti contaminanti ambientali. Nel presente lavoro
vengono descritte le indagini condotte per esaminare e valutare
l’efficacia del processo di adsorbimento del fenolo, scelto come
indicatore di materia organica, mediante carbone attivo granulare (GAC),
in assenza e in presenza di ultrasuoni. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano
come l’utilizzo combinato di carbone attivo granulare e di ultrasuoni
migliori l’adsorbimento del fenolo, in quanto garantisce un tasso di
adsorbimento più elevato e una maggiore rimozione della sostanza
organica. Ulteriori sviluppi scientifici, inoltre, danno conferma di
come l’impiego di irradiazioni ultrasoniche combinate con l’azione del
carbone attivo granulare, e con diverse tecnologie, migliori
drasticamente la rimozione di contaminanti ambientali dalle acque
reflue, garantendone la depurazione e il riutilizzo.
Presence of Liver Steatosis Is Associated With Greater Diabetes Remission After Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Vangoitsenhoven Roman , Wilson Rickesha L. , Cherla Deepa V. , Tu Chao , Kashyap Sangeeta R. , Cummings David E. , Schauer Philip R. , Aminian Ali 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell dysfunction. Ectopic fat accumulation in liver and muscle causes IR. Since bariatric and metabolic surgery significantly improves fatty liver disease, we hypothesized that coexistence of liver steatosis (i.e., when hepatic IR contributes in T2DM) would be associated with greater diabetes improvement after surgery.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 519 patients with T2DM who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and simultaneous liver biopsy and had a minimum 5-year follow-up were analyzed to assess the independent association between biopsy-proven liver steatosis and postoperative long-term diabetes remission (glycated hemoglobin &lt;6.5% [48 mmol/mol] off medications).

RESULTS
Of the 407 patients with biopsy-proven liver steatosis, long-term diabetes remission was achieved in 211 (52%) patients compared with remission in 44 out of 112 (39%) patients without steatosis (P = 0.027). In multivariable analysis, presence of liver steatosis was an independent predictor of long-term diabetes remission (odds ratio 1.96 [95% CI 1.04–3.72]; P = 0.038). Hepatocyte ballooning, lobular inflammation, or fibrosis at baseline did not predict diabetes remission.

CONCLUSIONS
This study, for the first time, suggests that in patients with T2DM who are considering bariatric and metabolic surgery, coexistence of liver steatosis is associated with better long-term glycemic outcomes. Furthermore, our data suggest that there are distinct variants of T2DM in which metabolic responses to surgical weight loss are different. A subgroup of patients whose T2DM is characterized by the presence of hepatic steatosis (presumably associated with worse IR) experience better postoperative metabolic outcomes.
Pengembangan Tes Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis untuk Kelas V SD
Authors: Pratama Dewa Gede Widhya Surya , Suranata Kadek , Arini Ni Wayan 
Published: December 2020

Pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran di kelas guru tidak menekankan pada aspek berpikir kritis dalam proses pembelajaran, ini dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan guru mengenai kemampuan berpikir kritis. Rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, maka perlu dikembangkan tes yang standar untuk menilai kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas V. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pengembangan dan untuk mengetahui kualitas tes berpikir kritis yang dikembangkan untuk semester genap kelas V SD ditinjau dari validitas isi dan reliabilitas butir tes. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan menggunakan model 4D Thiagarajan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode pencatatan dokumen, observasi, dan lembar validasi ahli. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrumen tes kemampuan berpikir kritis. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji validitas isi dan uji reliabilitas instrument tes. Hasil uji validitas isi yang didapatkan sebesar 0,937, yang berada pada katagori sangat tinggi yaitu pada rentangan 0,80-1.00. Sedangkan hasil uji reliabilitas istrumen tes dioeroleh sebesar 0,92 dan berada pada katagori sangat tinggi yaitu berada pada rentangan 0,80-1,00. Hal ini berarti, tes kemampuan berpikir kritis yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan sebagai tes standar dalam mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas V pada tema delapan, sub-tema tiga.
La política educativa de las instituciones educativas públicas de educación media como propuesta para la mejora continua en la educación
Authors: Flores Cuevas Francisco , Vásquez Martínez Claudio Rafael , Pelayo Landázuri María Piedad 
Published: December 2020

El propósito del presente trabajo fue determinar cuál ha sido el impacto en cuanto a la implementación de una metodología con enfoque constructivista para promover el desarrollo de competencias ciudadanas en estudiantes del grado undécimo en el departamento del Quindío (Colombia). Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo de alcance exploratorio, descriptivo y con un diseño cuasi experimental con delineación transversal. En concreto, participaron 83 instituciones educativas públicas de educación media del departamento del Quindío. Asimismo, se seleccionaron dos grupos (uno piloto y otro de control) del grado undécimo durante el periodo 2018-2. En el grupo piloto se desarrolló la metodología basada en enfoques de enseñanza constructivistas (p. ej., el aprendizaje significativo y el colaborativo-cooperativo).
El instrumento utilizado fue la entrevista estructurada, que consistió en una serie de preguntas sistemáticas, además de cuestionarios que se aplicaron en tres rubros: uno dirigido a los rectores, otro a los coordinadores de área de Sociales y el último a los docentes orientadores. Los resultados demuestran que existen deficiencias en la apropiación de las metodologías constructivistas y los modelos pedagógicos empleados en las instituciones objeto de estudio. Asimismo, la apropiación de metodologías constructivistas no ha sido adecuada en el desarrollo de competencias ciudadanas en los estudiantes de grado undécimo, lo cual se v e reflejado en un puntaje bajo de rendimiento escolar y de compromiso en sus actividades académicas debido a los conflictos, intolerancia y desigualdad que se viven en la comunidad educativa.
DETERMINING IMPACT OF SOLUTIONS WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF CHEMICALS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROMYCETES SAPROLEGNIACEAE IN VITRO
Authors: Barinova Victoria , Bakhareva Anna Aleksandrovna , Batalova Ralina Rasimovna 
Published: December 2020

In connection with the prohibition of organic dyes (violet K, methylene green, etc.) in fish farming, the article focuses on searching the approach to solving the problem of treating culti-vated aquaculture objects affected by saprolegnium micromycetes by using chemicals that do not have a negative effect on the host organism. There have been presented the experiment results of determining the influence of chemicals solutions (hydrogen peroxide, hydroperite, boric acid, sodium chloride) and the medicinal preparation Monclavit-1 on the culture of micro-mycetes Saprolegniaceae isolated from the incubated caviar. There has been shown the effectiveness of boric acid concentrations from 0.1% to 2.0%; of Monklavit-1 – 0.005-0.03%; of hydrogen peroxide –
0.5-0.7%; of hydroperite - from 1.5% to 2%. The maximum fungistatic effect on the growth and development of saprolegnium micromycetes is provided by the chemicals: sodium chloride (4.0% and 4.5% for 5 minutes) and 0.4% solution of hydrogen peroxide with an exposure of 3 minutes. The obtained data suggest that using the above substances, taking into account the effective concentrations and exposures in fish farming, will reduce infection with saprolegnium micromycetes of aquaculture objects at different stages of development (from caviar to producers).
The Contribution of Fermentation Technology to the Value Added of Certification Cocoa in the Subak Abian Amerta Nadi Tuwed Village Melaya District Jembrana Regency
Authors: Intarini Luh Putu , Budiasa I Wayan , Sudarma I Made 
Published: December 2020

The development of cocoa as an export commodity has become an important issue in the global trade sector, where cocoa is one of the export commodities. The implementation of a sustainable certification program with fermentation processing is very important, this is because consumers' demands are increasingly critical, especially in the aspects of quality, health and product safety to how the product can be socially beneficial and not cause negative impacts on the environment.
The study was conducted on sustainable certification cocoa farmers in Jembrana Regency. Determination of respondents carried out intentionally (purposive sampling) as many as 40 respondents did cocoa fermentation and as many as 30 respondents who did not ferment cocoa taken by survey methods. Data analysis techniques using different test analysis and value added analysis using the Hayami method.
The results showed that the income of cocoa farmers experienced a significant increase in the fermentation and non-fermentation processing. The fermentation production process with an output of 118 kg gets a profit of Rp. 8.911,- with a percentage or level of profit of 39,27 percent of the output value of Rp. 20.911, so from the calculation of profit margins in the cocoa fermentation process the net profit received by farmers is Rp. 8.065,- per production process. Based on the analysis of farmer's income and analysis of added value of cocoa fermentation shows that there is an increase in farmer's income and there is added value obtained by farmers who carry out cocoa fermentation, it provides benefits for cocoa farmers in Jembrana District in addition to increasing income, cocoa added value, and can maintain quality cocoa. It is expected that farmers who participate in certification will conduct fermentation processing to maintain the quality of cocoa beans and increase income, it is necessary to support from local and provincial governments as well as other parties as a steakholder providing technical guidance to cocoa farmers.
Sucessão em empresa familiar, gestão do conhecimento e processo de aprendizagem
Authors: Giongo Vitor Germano Bortolini , Moraes Jhony Pereira 
Published: December 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma análise bibliométrica sobre a produção científica brasileira acerca da sucessão em empresas familiares, gestão do conhecimento e processo de aprendizagem. As empresas familiares constituem quase 90% do quadro de empresas brasileiras, correspondendo a 65% do PIB brasileiro e cerca de 75% de geração de emprego no território nacional. Também, quase 70% das empresas de cunho familiar permanecem na primeira geração – ou seja, o proprietário idealizador - e pouco mais de 5% chegam até a terceira geração da família. Para a pesquisa foram analisados 1226 artigos na base de dados Scientific Periodicals Eletronic Library (SPELL). Em síntese, percebemos que apesar de existir literatura a respeito de sucessão familiar, muitas vezes o processo de sucessão das empresas familiares não é planejado e é abrupto. Entendemos, também, que existe uma deficiência de estudo quando se trata de interrelações entre gestão do conhecimento, aprendizagens e sucessão familiar.
Operasi Tangkap Tangan (OTT) Tinjauan Berdasarkan KUHAP Dan Undang Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2002 Tentang Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK)
Authors: Fanhar Frisca Tyara M 
Published: December 2020

Fenomena Operasi Tangkap Tangan (OTT) menjadi polemik tersendiri ketika dasar kewenangan tersebut tidak diatur di dalam beberapa undang-undang. Hal ini memunculkan opini bahwa Komisi Pemberantasan korupsi (KPK) telah melakukan pelanggaran dan tindakan yang tidak prosedur dalam pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini akan fokus pada tiga permasalahan hukum yaitu menganalisa kekuatan hukum tindakan OTT KPK jika di tinjau dari aspek KUHAP dan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2002 tentang Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi, mengetahui alasan KPK melakukan tindakan OTT terhadap perkara korupsi serta mengetahui idealnya KPK dalam melakukan OTT. Berbicara KPK dalam melakukan tindakan OTT jika di tinjau dari aspek KUHAP dan Undang Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2002 tentang Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi sebenarnya tindakan OTT KPK tidak memiliki dasar hukum kuat dari aspek yuridis hukum pidana menimbulkan masalah pelanggaran prinsip due process of law mengingat OTT tidak diatur di dalam undang-undang KPK dan juga KUHAP, dan alasan KPK melakukan tindakan OTT terhadap perkara korupsi disebabkan tipe atau kualitas sasaran korupsi bukan merupakan tindak pidana yang sederhana oleh sebab itu perlunya dilakukan OTT, dan idealnya KPK dalam melakukan OTT, maka harus dibutuhkan sistem administrasi perkara yang baik mulai dari tahap pengumpulan data dan informasi yang berpijak pada sumber informasi yang akurat dan dapat dipercara, setelah itu melaksanakan penyelidikan sesuai dengan SOP yang sudah ditentukan kemudian pada tahap eksekusi seperti melakukan pemantauan, undercover, penyadapan lalu OTT kewenangan tersebut harus sesuai di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Sebaiknya dasar hukum Operasi Tangkap Tangan harus segera dimasukan di dalam instrument pasal dalam undang-undang KPK agar kewenangannya pun tidak dipermasalahkan.
Kebijakan Formulasi Ketentuan Pengembalian Aset Hasil Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Kusnadi Kusnadi 
Published: December 2020

Aparat penegak hukum dalam penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana korupsi, tidak hanya mengedepankan penghukuman fisik semata, tetapi juga mengutamakan pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara melalui pengembalian aset, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan adanya sistem yang memungkin dilakukannya penyitaan dan perampasan aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi secara efektif dan efisien. Kebijakan Formulasi Ketentuan Pengembalian Aset Hasil Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia saat ini tersebar di beberapa perundang-undangan diantaranya KUHP, KUHAP, UU Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi (UU PTPK), UU Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang (UU TPPU) maupun United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) 2003. Formulasi ketentuan pengembalian aset pada masa yang akan datang dapat menerapkan konsep perampasan atas harta hasil korupsi tanpa penghukuman pidana sesuai ketentuan Pasal 54 Ayat (1) huruf c UNCAC 2003. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Narasumber terdiri dari para Jaksa di lingkungan Kejaksaan Agung RI, serta Dosen Hukum Pidana Fakultas Hukum Unila. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi pustaka dan studi lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dan selanjutnya diambil simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi ketentuan pengembalian aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi saat ini menganut konsep perampasan aset melalui putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap sedangkan Formulasi ketentuan pengembalian aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi pada masa yang akan datang diwujudkan dengan mempertimbangkan kepentingan Negara atau masyarakat selaku korban dari tindak pidana korupsi dengan menerapkan konsep Belanda yaitu pemulihan aset pasca putusan pengadilan, berdasarkan konsep perampasan aset terhadap keuntungan yang diperoleh dari hasil tindak pidana, serta menerapkan konsep perampasan aset secara perdata tanpa didahului sanksi pidana sebagaimana telah dirumuskan dalam Pasal 1 ayat (3) RUU Perampasan Aset Tindak Pidana. Saran dalam penelitian ini hendaknya Pemerintah maupun DPR melakukan harmonisasi ketentuan pengembalian aset yang terdapat dalam UU PTPK serta UU TPPU agar selaras dengan konsep pengembalian aset (Asset Recovery) yang diatur dalam UNCAC 2003, menerapkan konsep pengembalian aset pasca putusan pengadilan dan konsep perampasan aset terhadap keuntungan yang diperoleh dari hasil tindak pidana terhadap perubahan UU PTPK, dan segera mengesahkan RUU Perampasan Aset Tindak Pidana menjadi Undang-Undang guna efektifitas pengembalian aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi.
STRUCTURAL VARIATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF MILITARY ORIGIN
Authors: Лаухина Светлана Сергеевна 
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматривается проблема определения границ вариантности во фразеологии вообще и применительно к фразеологизмам терминологического происхождения, в частности. Проводится сравнительный анализ взглядов ведущих фразеологов на сущность варьирования. Все случаи варьирования иллюстрируются примерами речевых употреблений. Исследование особенностей структурно-семантических изменений фразеологических единиц военного происхождения показало, что варьирование для них является частным структурным свойством, а определяющим качеством остается устойчивость компонентного состава.
The article deals with the problem of determining the boundaries of variation in phraseology in general and in relation to phraseological units of terminological origin, in particular. The author carries out a comparative analysis of the views of leading phraseologists on the essence of variation. The study of the features of structural and semantic changes in phraseological units of military origin showed that variation for them is a particular structural property, and the stability of phraseological units’ components remains the determining quality.
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN RISSIAN AND AMERICAN SOCIOPOLITICAL WORLD IMAGES ON THE BASIS OF FREE-ASSOCIATION TEST RESULTS
Authors: Чугунова Светлана Александровна 
Published: December 2020

С опорой на положения психолингвистических теорий, предложенных в разное время А.А. Залевской, анализируются результаты свободного ассоциативного эксперимента у испытуемых - русских студентов факультета иностранных языков с хорошим уровнем подготовки по английскому языку и молодых людей - носителей американского английского в возрасте 22-24 лет на материале стимулов - семантических коррелятов, объединяемых абстрактностью значения, высокой частотностью употребления и политической тематикой.
Based on the psycholinguistic theories proposed and developed by A.A. Zalevskaya in different years, the article presents a free-association test results in two groups of Russian foreign languages faculty students with intermediate, upper-intermediate and advanced levels of foreign language proficiency and in a group of North Americans aged between 22 and 24 years. The stimuli included semantic correlates (or equivalents) in Russian and English, representing political vocabulary characterized by frequency of occurrence and abstract meaning.
STYLISTIC NEUTRALIZATION OF THE SPEECH CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERS (on the example of Russian translations of Stephen King’s novel «Dark Half»)
Authors: Миловидов Виктор Александрович , Шокин Григорий Олегович 
Published: December 2020

В статье рассмотрены примеры стилистической нейтрализации речевых характеристик персонажей романа Стивена Кинга «The Dark Half» («Темная половина») в различных переводах на русский язык. Приведены результаты количественного, а также сопоставительного анализа вариантов перевода для установления наиболее действенной переводческой методологии
The article considers examples of stylistic neutralization of speech characteristics of characters in the novel «The Dark Half» by Stephen king in various translations into Russian. The results of quantitative and comparative analysis of translation options are presented to establish the most effective translation methodology.
THE DIALECTICS OF LANGUAGE IN W. VON HUMBOLDT’S PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Голикова Александра Сергеевна 
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматриваются мысли Вильгельма фон Гумбольдта о взаимодействии языков, затрагиваются взгляды его последователей на отношения языка и мышления (или «духа»), а также отмечается сходство взглядов Гумбольдта на диалектику языка и некоторых идей Ю.М. Лотмана.
This article presents a look at Wilhelm von Humboldt’s ideas of language contacts. It also briefly touches upon the thoughts his posterity had on the relationship between language and mind (or Geist, «spirit») and points out the similarities between Humboldt’s dialectics of language and some ideas of Yuri Lotman.