bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of protein extraction from palm kernel cake via different chemical extraction methods
Authors: Chaipet Namfon , Raita Marisa , Siriwatwechakul Wanwipa , Champreda Verawat 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Protein isolation from defatted palm kernel cake (DPKC) was investigated under 3 conditions, including different chemical reagents (alkaline, saline, acidic), concentrations in the range of 0.01-0.3M and reaction time (0.5-4 h). The reaction contained 1 g biomass in 50 mL of solutions, with mixing speed 250 rpm, and the extraction occurred at 35°C for 2 hrs. Extractable protein of 35.06%, 12.40% and 4.34% based on available protein in the raw material were obtained in aqueous of 0.25M NaOH, 0.01M NaCl and 0.1M HCl. Afterward, DPKC was isolated with 0.25M NaOH for 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hrs, achieving the protein concentration of 24.16%, 28.99%, 32.72%, 34.39%, and 34.84%, respectively. The protein isolation process resulted in 48.32-60.57 %w/w and 7.27-34.60 %w/w removals of protein and ash, according to analysis of the solid residues. The oil extraction process mostly effected the composition of lignin, which can remove lignin up to 54.71% (w/w).
Coaction of bio-sorption and bio-filtration for the remediation of domestic and agricultural wastewater contaminated with heavy metal
Authors: Runguphan T , Kitpichai J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Most heavy metals are well known for their toxicity and carcinogenic properties and when disposed-off through wastewater from anthropological activities poses a serious threat to the human population and other living organisms of the receiving body. The presence of heavy metals also hampers biodegrading potential for microorganism to remediate wastewater due to theirs toxic-inhibition. In this study we combine the coaction of bio-sorption and bio-filtration with aim to improve the remediation efficiency of the Copper (Cu2+) contaminated domestic and agricultural wastewater samples in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand. Rice husk, agricultural waste from rice farming abundant in the area, was used as natural bio-sorbent material and tested to identify its optimum adsorption conditions. The adsorbed wastewater after sorption was fed through bio-filtration tank (sand-filled and bio-augmented with Pseudomonas stutzeri DMST 28410) and underwent bio-filtration regimes to complete the coaction remediation. Results from the present study showed rice husk grounded to the size of 106μm powder at optimal sorption conditions (pH 7, dosage 10g/L, mixing rate 150rpm., sorption time 90min., initial Cu2+ concentration 12mg/L) was effective and removed more than 40% of the metal concentration from the wastewater samples. For domestic wastewater, coaction with bio-filtration further improved the copper removal efficiency up to 96% when treated for 180min. Poultry farm wastewater yielded similar copper removal results, with sorption accounted for about 36% and coaction with bio-filtration totalling up to 97% copper removal. Wastewater parameter, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from both sources after bio-sorption exhibited rises in concentration. This poses the need to further explore other pre-treatment methods for rice husk for it to fully be utilized as bio-sorbent in the removal of copper and other heavy metals from wastewater.
Anatomical and physical properties of tendril perversion of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt
Authors: Prombanchong T , Suriyawong A , Srisongkram P , Suwanpayak N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The structure of biomaterial is interest in biomimetic and biomechanics research. The physical properties, mechanical, characteristic of twisting and bending of plant tendrils are also thought-provoking to study. In this study, we proposed an innovative biomaterial spring device for holding an object and providing support. The device uses Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt tendril as inspired by the relations of left-hand (LH) and right-hand (RH) climbing tendrils with a single branch. To study the morphology and anatomy, testing stress, length, number of the helix of the tendril which relation of mimic string material Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt tendril and helical metal which have two helixes, three helixes and four helixes were tested by using food texture analysis. The anatomical showed many cell types and slight differences between straight and coiled tendrils. The result showed the tendril of two helixes has the highest stress and four helixes the least. Also, tensile testing showed that the number of helixes does not affect the stress of the tendril models.
The Investigation of SiO2 structure obtained from the combustion of rice husk
Authors: Poo-arporn Yingyot , Duangnil Samrerng , Bamrungkoh Denchay , Boonsuya Supan , Tonlublao Surangrat , Kaewsuwan Dechmongkhon , Chanlek Narong , Nakajima Hideki , Ruangvittayanon Anuchit , Poo-arporn Rungtiva P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, SiO2 was obtained from the combustion of rice husk. The influence of temperature on its structure and morphology was investigated. At low combustion temperatures, the rice husk ash appeared to be black due to an insufficient temperature for the oxidation process. When the temperature was raised to 1000°C, the color changed to a pale pink. The elemental composition of the rice husk ash was determined by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The survey analysis of the XPS spectra revealed the existence of Si, O, C, Ca P, K and N. The elemental fraction of Si was increased as a function of temperature. However, the N 1s XPS signal can be collected from the rice husk after the combustion at 300°C only. Si L edge XANES spectra were recorded to determine the structure of the SiO2. The results suggested the similarity between the SiO2 structure of the rice husk ash and the standard SiO2. The microstructure of the rice husk ash was studied by SEM. It was clearly seen that the pores were created on the rice husk ash. By increasing the pyrolysis temperature, the cellulosic material was removed and consequently produced channels.
Preparation and characterization of PET/SEBS incorporated with organomontmorillonite
Authors: Threepopnatkul Poonsub , Thinsoongnoen Phakawan , Misut Pattaraporn , Autama Siriluk , Kulsetthanchalee Chanin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study is focused on the characterization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene (SEBS)/Organomontmorillonite (OMMT) blends. SEBS-g-MA is used as compatibilizer and SEBS is the impact modifier at 30 %wt. The compounds were blended by twin-screw extruder and molded for test specimen by injection molding. The effect of OMMT types (Cloisite15A and Cloisite30B) and contents (1 and 3 %w/w) on properties of PET blends with SEBS and SEBS-g-MA were investigated. The PET composites incorporated with Cloisite15A had higher impact strength and %elongation at break whereas lower tensile strength than the one with Cloisite30B. Comparing with PET/SEBS/SEBS-g-MA blends, adding OMMT into PET/SEBS/SEBS-g-MA would increase thermal property. However, it had no significant changes with higher OMMT. %Crystallinity of PET would be increased with OMMT contents. PET/SEBS/SEBS-g-MA had lower %LOI but higher burning rate compared with PET. However, the addition of OMMT could improve flame retardant properties of PET blends. Addition of Cloisite15A and Cloisite30B into PET/SEBS/SEBS-g-MA increased %LOI. From UL 94 tests, polymer composites could be classified in HB class. The burning rate of polymer composites was decreased with increasing OMMT due to decomposition of OMMT act as a barrier to inhibit combustion.
A Dual-Band Printed Dipole Antenna for Unidirectional Radiation
Authors: Suwanachart Sompongpinit , Srimoon Duangarthit , Mearnchu Jhirat 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a dual-band printed dipole antenna for unidirectional radiation. The antenna is designed for the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system that operating on both the frequency ranges of 2.400 – 2.483 GHz and 5.15 – 5.85 GHz. Radiated elements of the antenna are flat conductors on the surface of FR4 printed circuit board. All elements are on the same side of FR4. Coaxial line is chosen for feeding. It makes the antenna good matching and easy to assembly. The antenna is simulated by computer program before fabricating a prototype. It provides omni-directional radiation but has a direction with the gain about 5 dBi at the central of both operating frequencies. It is appropriate for the system that desired the signal to radiate surround but has some direction together. The size of the antenna is 44.0 × 60.0 mm2. Advantages of the antenna are low profile structure, light weight, and can be fabricated with cheap material. So, it is a low-cost antenna.
Long Range UAS Mission by LPWAN Communication
Authors: Punpigul Nuttawat , Muangkham Marut , Anantachaisilp Parinya , Srisuprapreeda Sanga , Singhanat Krongboon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One of the key challenges for long range Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) is the limitation of the communication capability. Many existing communication technics are conventionally adopted in UAS to improve the quality of the communication such as satellite communication, cellular networks, and relay aircrafts. However, the mentioned solutions often incur several drawbacks including costs, complexity, communication delay, or inefficient power consumption. LoRaWAN is one of the recently emerging communication technics used in the Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) technology. It has a promising potential to improve the coverage of UAS communication, since it can transmit/receive signals below the noise floor in a very long range with very low energy consumption by using the waveform modulation technique called Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS). In this paper, we show the potential of LPWAN as the supplementary communication in UAS. The experiment results show that LoRaWAN can maintain the communication capability beyond 80 km where the popular RF device, RFD900x, has lost its ability to communicate at this distance.
The effect of malt, pectin, and gelatin concentrations on elasticity, color and sensory evaluation of soursop (Annona muricata L.) jelly candy
Authors: Nhi T T Y , Vu N D , Quyen N N , Thinh P V , Tho N T M , Truc T T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The confectionery industry produces a wide variety of sugary products for children. The juice of soursop (Annona muricata L.) was selected as a flavorant to produce jelly candies with high nutritional value. Addition of food additives such as gelatin, pectin and malt is essential in jelly candy production. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of adding different concentrations of pectin (0.2-0.8%), malt (12-18%) and gelatin (12-18%) to the elasticity and color change of the resulted soursop jelly candy. Results have shown that a combination of 14% gelatin, 0.4% pectin and 12% malt produced the candies with highest elasticity. Increasing malt concentration further was found to reduce the candy elasticity. The jelly candies also showed oxidative browning after four days of preservation. The sensory acceptance value is feasible and is higher than the commercial circulation point. The present study was the first to produce jelly candy from soursop juice, introducing a high-value confectionery product that could be a promising candidate for industrial-scaled production. Further studies on antioxidant activity, as well as safety and nutritional value of the product are also required.
Evaluate the chemical composition of Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) essential oil using the classical method
Authors: Hien T T , Quyen N T C , Truc T T , Quan P M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Natural compounds have received much attention and research in recent years since the industrial economy developed. Essential oils, which contain many volatile constituents and aromatic compounds, have been around for a long time but are still considered to this day thanks to their natural properties and their unique application. There are several ways of collecting essential oils from herbal plants, including ancient approaches to contemporary techniques using different sections of plants such as buds, vegetables and nuts. In this study, the leaves of Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) were used to investigate the yield of essential oil extracted by the classical distillation system (hydro-distillation). The obtained essential oil was then analyzed for the chemical composition by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 100 g of Kaffir lime leaves, under the following conditions: 1:3 of ratio of material to water, 120 °C of the temperature within 60 min. The extraction process yielded 1.3 mL of essential oils. GC-MS analysis also identified 16 compounds in the essential oil, accounting for 99.99% of total oils. The main compounds included citronellal (85.4%), citronellol (6.8%), linalool (1.9 %), citronellyl acetate (1.7%), and other compounds with content less than 1.0% by hydro-distillation. The findings of chemical composition of Kaffir lime leaves EO suggest further studies on optimization the extraction process for a desirable phytochemical content.
Screening of extraction conditions by Plackett–Burman design for extraction of Cordyceps militaris Cordycipitaceae
Authors: Nguyen N Q , Nguyen V T , Nguyen M T , Thanh L V , Phuong T T M , Duong D C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Cordyceps is the product of a fungal genus that develops on the larvae of insects. Cordycepin, namely 3’–deoxyadenosine, the most significant adenosine counterpart of other Cordyceps, has demonstrated numerous and excellent pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial. In this research, Plackett – Burman method was used to test six extraction parameters, including time (30-120 minutes), the concentration of solvent (40%-70%), temperature (30°C-85°C), number of extraction (1-3 times), solvent to material ratio (40-200 ml/g) and pH (4-7) for the extraction of Cordyceps militaris in Kom Tum Province, Vietnam. Base on Plackett–Burman design, the results illustrated that the time (coefficient = - 3.87), temperature (coefficient =-5.32) and solvent ratio to the substance (coefficient = 4.37) were the most important variables influencing Cordycepin extraction. This study identified significant main factors, including time, temperature, and solvent, that could be considered for the next stage of the optimization technique using response surface methodology.
Determine the components of Kaffir Lime Oil (Citrus Hystrix DC.) in the Microwave-assisted Extraction Process
Authors: Hien T T , Quyen N T C , Minh P T H , Le X T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are a complex element consisting of dozens to hundreds of compounds different. The essential characteristics of essential oils are governed by the main components of essential oils including oxygen monoterpen, hydrocarbon monoterpene, oxygen sesquiterpene, carbonylic compound, phenol, fatty acids and esters, which determine the primary aroma of essential oil. Kaffir lime EOs (Citrus hystrix DC; Rutaceae) is increasingly being used as a flavoring in perfume, cosmetic industries and food. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to extract essential oils from Kaffir lime to determine the components that create this fragrance. Kaffir lime EOs is obtained from 100g of fresh citrus peels of Citrus hystrix DC by microwave extraction method in 60 minutes and 450W power. The quality of Kaffir lime peel oil is assessed based on the chromatography of the compound present by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Shell analysis led to the identification of twenty-six compounds that make up 100% of the essential oil and yield is 6%. The main compounds in kaffir lime shells such as β-pinene (45.206%), α-pinene (2.365%), D-limonene (18.358%), citronellal (17.745%), terpinen-4-ol (4.9964%).
Preliminary study on phytochemical, phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of Coriandrum Sativum l. originating in Vietnam
Authors: Nhut P T , Quyen N T N , Truc T T , Minh L V , An T N T , Anh N H T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent times, advances in the health views of many micronutrients, such as carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolics, minerals, and molecular-level vitamins have opened a new horizon in the nutrition field. In Vietnam, spice vegetables have long been popularly used in daily meals, increasing the sense of taste of the food as well as taking advantage of the therapeutic properties that are beneficial to their health. Among them, Coriandrum sativum L. is most commonly used because of its attractive aroma and medicinal potential. These vegetable have anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and alleviated gastrointestinal tract problems, and they also show significant cancer-fighting potential. In this research, the leaf extract of Coriandrum sativum L. was tested for preliminary qualitative phytochemical composition, assessing phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavonoid by aluminum chloride method and activity oxidation resistance (DPPH-2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The results illustrated that the presence of components such as tannins, and saponin. Besides, the total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined as 113.08 mgGAE/g DW and 72.64 mg QE/g DW, respectively. The antioxidant activity obtained with IC50 value were 78.309 ug/ml (DPPH) and 54.489 ug/ml (ABTS). This result shows the effectiveness of Coriandrum sativum L. in increasing antioxidant foods in daily meals.
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Orange (Citrus
sinensis) Essential Oils Obtained by Hydrodistillation and Solvent free Microwave Extraction
Authors: Ngan T T K , Nguyen O B , Muoi N V , Truc T T , My V T N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have gained much media attention in recent years because of their advantages in various fields, including food preservation, pharmaceuticals, herbal medicine, and natural therapies. Phenolic components which exhibit antimicrobial activity, along with some healthy substances, are present abundantly in essential oils, hence their use to prevent bacterial growth. Oranges are amongst the world’s most popular fruits. Orange (Citrus sinensis) is widely recognized for its nutritious and medicinal properties. Since time immemorial, most parts of the orange plant from fruits, peels, flowers, leaves and juice are used as traditional medicine. Hydrodistillation (HD) and solvent free microwave extraction (SFME) were used to extract essential oils from orange fruit peels. The total volatile compound yield is obtained from 98-100% by HD and SFME. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the oils obtained from both method contained limonene (98.238% and 98.415, β-myrcene (1.169% and 1.172%) and α-pinene (0.548% and 0.413%). A small amount of sabinene (0.071%) and β- pinene (0.0032%) were only found in SFME-produced orange essential oil. The essential oils obtained from the two extraction methods were able to inhibit against Bacillus cereus.
Physico-chemical evaluation of jackfruit seed starch and its application in cupcake
Authors: Khang V C , Thanh V T , Nhan N P T , Yen Nhi T T , Nguyen D T , Luu T T , Quoc N T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Human widely uses starch as a rich carbohydrate source and inexpensive. They are used in many fields such as food, cosmetics, medicine due to the diverse structure and functionality of starch. Corn and tapioca starch are widely used and available in the market. Meanwhile, jackfruit starch is a new starch and people are concerned because they can bring economic benefits for manufacturers as well as their physical and chemical properties. The purpose of this study is therefore to evaluate the physicochemical properties of starch from jackfruit seeds, corn starch and cassava starch to select appropriate starch and apply jackfruit seed starch in food. Jackfruit starch was extracted from jackfruit seeds by alkaline steeping extraction method. Corn starch and tapioca starch were bought in the market. Some biological and physiochemical properties of starch seed from jackfruit such as nutrition, morphology, particle size distribution, viscosity, XRD and FTIR were approximately similar with tapioca and corn starch. The obtained results showed that jackfruit seed starch could be a potential alternative to the conventional starches. Moreover, can replace 15% of wheat flour into jackfruit seed starch in the process of cupcake. These result will generalize the characteristics of type of starches so that it can be applied to each specific process.
The Effects of Different Ethanol Concentration on Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Content In Malaysian Propolis
Authors: Yusof N , Abdul Munaim M S , Kutty R Veloo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As compared to honey, propolis was considered ‘less explored’ in active compounds characterization study. The abundance of phytochemicals in propolis contributes to various medicinal properties such as antimicrobial, anticancer, wound healing and antioxidative. The most common antioxidant groups found in propolis are phenolic acids and flavonoids. Hence, in the current study, we investigated the relationship between different ethanol concentrations on the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) extracted from propolis. Crude propolis was crushed and sieved before ultrasonic extractions using different ethanol concentrations (20, 50, 80%). The determination of total phenolic content was obtained from the reaction of propolis extract with Folin- Ciocalteu reagent. The result of the total phenolic content was obtained from gallic acid calibration curve and represented in gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Meanwhile, quantification of total flavonoid content was obtained from the reaction of the extract with methanolic solution of aluminum chloride (AlCl3). The result of the total flavonoid content of the propolis was acquired from quercetin calibration curve and represented in quercetin equivalent (QE). The highest TPC and TFC were recorded at 80% ethanol being 8.898 mg GAE/ml and 0.034 mg QE/ml respectively. From the experimental data, it is shown that TPC and TFC are directly propotional to ethanol concentration.
Potential of Echinodorus Cordifolius and Vallisneria Natans in Constructed Wetlands for the Removal of Water Pollution from Shrimp Farm Effluent
Authors: Nhan N T T , Tuong L Q 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Management of shrimp aquaculture wastewater is still the major problems in fisheries. Objectives of this study are to set up laboratory-scale wetlands to evaluate the phytoremediator performance of Echinodorus Cordifolius and Vallisneria Natans in improving aquaculture wastewater as a treatment technology from the first day, 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, 14 days, 17 days and 21 days. The controlled and experimental design setup describes both constructed wetland by glass tank sizes with a circulation system. The controlled wetland dones’t have plants and an experimental wetland have plants with details as follows: Echinodorus Cordifolius had fresh weight 193.05±13.502 g, length of plant 55.5±2.081 cm, length of root 30.25 ±6.344 cm. Vallisneria Natans had fresh weight 57.58±0.05 g, length of plant 15cm, length of root 4cm. The results showed that the survival rate (SVR) of both aquatic plants in the experiment was 100% for Echinodorus Cordifolius and 16.7% for Vallisneria Natan in the 21-day experiment. Furthermore, the experimental wetland can be considered as an effective solution in reducing 95.68% of ammonium-nitrogen, 98.86% of nitrate-nitrogen, 60.02% of phosphate, 46,72% of chemical oxygen demand, 100% of iron, 97,4% of copper when compared with the concentration at the beginning of the experiment. To be concluded, the growth and development of Echinodorus Cordifolius and Vallisneria Natans in this wetland has a positive effect on reducing pollutants of shrimp aquaculture effluents in all the 21day experiment.