bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender bias in the recruitment of entry-level B2B salespeople
Authors: Ashnai Bahar , Mani Sudha , Kothandaraman Prabakar , Shekari Saeed 
Published: September 2020

PurposeIn response to calls to reduce the gender gap in the salesforce, this study aims to examine the effect of candidate gender, manager gender and industry to explain gender bias in salesperson recruitment during screening and skill assessment.Design/methodology/approachThis paper tested the hypotheses using observational data from a national sales competition in the USA, where managers evaluated student candidates for entry-level sales positions.FindingsThis research finds gender bias during screening using the dyadic perspective. Specifically, female managers evaluate male candidates more favorably than male managers do during screening. Further, managers of service companies evaluate female candidates more favorably than managers of goods companies during screening. However, this paper finds no such effects during candidates’ skill assessment.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings indicate the importance of using dyadic research techniques to assess gender bias.Practical implicationsManagers should not use short interactions to screen candidates.Social implicationsImplicit bias exists when candidates and managers interact during screening. To reduce gender bias in recruitment the candidates and managers should interact for a longer duration.Originality/valueThis study draws upon a unique setting, where the candidates interact with the managers for screening and skill assessment. Implicit bias exists when candidates and managers interact for screening under time pressure. This paper finds no evidence of gender bias in skill assessment. This study finds that female managers are more prone to bias when evaluating male candidates than male managers. Prior work has not examined industry-based bias; this paper provides evidence of such bias in candidate screening.
Infanticide and its relationship with postpartum psychosis: a critical interpretive synthesis
Authors: Jansen van Rensburg Nicole , Spies Ruan , Malan Lelanie 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This study aims to synthesise the available literature on the phenomenon of infanticide within the context of postpartum psychosis from a novel perspective using critical interpretive synthesis (CIS). The study placed its focus on the environmental aspects involved in the phenomenon of postpartum psychosis where the outcome was infanticide, as well as the chosen method of inflicting death.

Design/methodology/approach
CIS is a reviewing method that synthesises existing literature into a coherent frame with the exploration of literature at its core. CIS results in a natural critique of the body of literature and was critical to the study and its findings. The study ultimately found five synthetic constructs related to environmental aspects and method of inflicting death.

Findings
These included prior psychiatric history and care, demographics of perpetrators, perceptions on motherhood, profile on victims such as age and the method of death and, finally, the presence of “warning behaviour”. Reflections on the current state of the literature formed an important part of the study and enabled the authors to make recommendations for future research.

Research limitations/implications
The age of the literature acts as a limitation to the study, there is a need for updated to research to inform our current historical context. In addition, most of the included studies was based in developed countries which may impact on generalisability. The aim of he study was not to include an exhaustive body of literature, thus other relevant literature may have not been included. Some included studies did not solely focus on the concept of infanticide within the context of postpartum psychosis. Although efforts were made to ensure rigour, it is accepted that different researchers may come to different conclusion in inherently qualitative means of enquiry such as CIS. These included prior psychiatric history and care, demographics of perpetrators, perceptions on motherhood, profile on victims such as age and the method of death and, finally, the presence of “warning behaviour”. Reflections on the current state of the literature formed an important part of the study and enabled the authors to make recommendations for future research.

Originality/value
The study has not been published previously and all sources are credited. This study made a contribution by indicating important misconceptions about motherhood and the demography associated with infanticide in postpartum psychosis. It also highlighted the need for updated empirical research that may have implications for policy and practice
Navigating the leadership tensions in creating collective responsibility
Authors: Le Fevre Deidre , Meyer Frauke , Bendikson Linda 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to use a collective responsibility theoretical lens to examine the work of three school principals as they focussed on school-wide goal-setting processes to achieve valued student achievement goals. The tensions principals face in creating collective responsibility are examined so that these might be intentionally navigated.Design/methodology/approachQualitative case studies of three New Zealand schools include data from interviews with principals, middle leaders and teachers. An inductive and deductive thematic analysis approach was employed.FindingsPrincipals face four key tensions: (1) whether to promote self or centrally directed and voluntary or mandatory professional learning; (2) how to balance a top-down versus a middle-up process for accountability; (3) ways to integrate both educator and student voice and (4) the complexity of both challenging teachers' beliefs and providing support. These challenges seemed inherent in the work of developing collective responsibility and leaders tended to move along response continuum.Research limitations/implicationsThis research highlights the importance of being intentional and transparent with staff members about both the nature of these tensions and their navigation, and opens up further questions in relation to leader, and teacher perceptions of tensions in creating collective responsibility for achieving school-improvement goals.Practical implicationsAn understanding of the tensions that need to be navigated can help leaders and other educators to take effective action, scrutinize the reasoning behind decisions, and understand the inherent challenges faced.Originality/valueLeadership tensions in creating collective responsibility are explored and implications for leadership practice and learning considered.
Valuation uncertainty – when and why this is important
Authors: Thorne Chris 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe recent coronavirus pandemic created uncertainty across most markets. This has resulted in many valuations being reported with caveats warning that they are uncertain. However, many valuers and their clients remain unclear as to what these warnings are supposed to convey and why they are required by many valuation standards, including the International Valuation Standards. The purpose of this paper is to explain how recognition of the need for uncertainty disclosures has developed over the past 25 years and how such disclosures can enhance overall trust in valuation.Design/methodology/approachThe author has been involved in the development of the guidance issued by both the International Valuation Standards Council and Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, which included extensive consultation with financial regulators and valuation users alike. He has also examined the wider economic theories of risk and uncertainty and how these need to be clearly distinguished in valuations.FindingsThis paper identifies the situations under which valuation uncertainty can occur, and steps that a valuer can follow to determine whether it is sufficiently material to require an appropriate caveat to be issued alongside the valuation. It also examines the merits of different ways in which material uncertainty can be disclosed.Practical implicationsThe paper should provide valuers with a better understanding of the reason why uncertainty disclosures are required and the circumstances in which they are required. It also provides principles to help them formulate disclosures that are appropriate in different circumstances.Originality/valueThis is an abridged version of a Valuers' Briefing “Valuation Uncertainty – Reporting the unknowable” by the author and published as either an eBook or paperback available from Amazon.
Customer participation and well-being: the roles of service experience, customer empowerment and social support
Authors: Xie Lishan , Li Dongmei , Keh Hean Tat 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis research aims to contribute to the transformative service research (TSR) literature by examining how customer participation in the service process influences their service experience and eudaimonic well-being, as moderated by customer empowerment and social support.Design/methodology/approachIn the contexts of wedding (n = 623) and tourism services (n = 520), two surveys were conducted to test the hypotheses using mediation and moderation analyses.FindingsCustomer participation had a positive effect on their well-being, as mediated by service experience. These effects were moderated by customer empowerment and social support. Specifically, customer empowerment negatively moderated the relationship between customer participation and their service experience for both services. In addition, the moderating effect of social support on the relationship between customer participation and service experience was positive for the wedding service but negative for the tourism service.Practical implicationsThe findings imply that firms should encourage customer participation to enhance their service experience and well-being. In addition, the firm could judiciously empower customers by adapting to the level of customer participation. Furthermore, depending on the complexity of the service required to produce the expected service outcomes, the firm may encourage the customers to engage their social network for support.Originality/valueThis research uses the service ecosystem perspective to examine the roles of the customer, the firm and the customer's social network in shaping their service experience and well-being for two common and important mental stimulus services, enriching the authors’ understanding on the role mental stimulus services play in enhancing consumers' eudaimonic well-being.
Enhancing participation through organizational drivers
Authors: Ruiz-Pérez Fernando , Lleó Álvaro , Viles Elisabeth , Jurburg Daniel 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis paper unifies previous research literature on employee participation in continuous improvement (CI) activities through the development and validation of a conceptual model. The purpose of this model is to illustrate how organizational drivers foster organizational and individual enablers which, in turn, strengthen employee participation in CI. The article also discusses the results and managerial implications.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the article introduces the main variables affecting employee participation in CI, looking at the different possible relationships proposed in existing literature. In accordance with the Kaye and Anderson (1999) framework, these variables are categorized into organizational drivers, organizational and individual enablers and individual outcomes. Based on these categories, a model was put forward and empirically validated using data collected from three Spanish companies (n = 483) and using partial least squares structural equations modelling (PLS–SEM).FindingsA model was put forward, proposing PIRK systems (power, information, rewards, knowledge) as the main organizational driver of employee participation in CI activities. PIRK impacts positively on social influence (organizational enabler), self-efficacy and job satisfaction (individual enablers). These enablers, together with employee intention of participating, help determine employee participation in CI activities.Practical implicationsOrganizations with CI programmes should develop systems based on employee empowerment, information, rewards and knowledge in order to foster their self-efficacy and seek out a culture where social influence may help to improve job satisfaction. By suitably managing these organizational drivers, managers can help to further develop certain organizational and individual enablers responsible for fostering employee participation in CI activities.Originality/valueBy unifying different behavioural and CI-related frameworks, this paper carries out an in-depth study into the process of fostering employee participation as the key aspect in helping organizations sustain CI programmes. This paper shows the importance of managing PIRK organizational drivers as levers in the process of developing certain organizational and individual enablers, which are responsible for enhancing employee participation in CI.
In utero exposure to threat of evictions and preterm birth: Evidence from the United States
Authors: Khadka Aayush , Fink Günther , Gromis Ashley , McConnell Margaret 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate county‐level associations between in utero exposure to threatened evictions and preterm birth in the United States.Data SourcesComplete birth records were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics (2009‐2016). Threatened evictions were measured at the county level using eviction case filing data obtained from The Eviction Lab (2008‐2016). Additional economic and demographic data were obtained from the United States Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics.Study DesignWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using 7.3 million births from 1,633 counties. We defined threatened eviction exposures as the z‐score of average case filings over the pregnancy and by trimester. Our primary outcome was an indicator for preterm birth (born < 37 completed weeks of gestation). Secondary outcomes included a continuous measure for gestational length, a continuous measure for birth weight, and an indicator for low birth weight (born < 2500 g). We estimated within‐county associations controlling for individual‐ and time‐varying county‐level characteristics, state‐of‐residence‐year‐and‐month‐of‐conception fixed effects, and a county‐specific time trend.Data Collection/ExtractionWe merged birth records with threatened eviction data at the county‐month‐year level using mother's county of residence at delivery and month‐year of conception. We supplemented these data with information on county‐level annual 18‐and‐over population, annual poverty rate, and monthly unemployment rate.Principal FindingsIncreased levels of eviction case filings over a pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of prematurity and low birth weight. These associations appeared to be sensitive to exposure in the second and third trimesters. Associations with secondary outcomes and within various population subgroups were, in general, imprecisely estimated.ConclusionsHigher exposure to eviction case filings within counties, particularly in the latter stages of a pregnancy, was associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. Future research should identify the causal effect of threatened evictions on maternal and child health outcomes.
Paramedic streaming upon arrival in emergency department: A prospective study
Authors: Olaussen Alexander , Abetz Jeremy W , Smith Karen , Bernard Steve , Gaddam Ravali , Banerjee Arvin , Mc Entaggart Laura , Lim Andrew , Clare Steven , Smit De Villiers , Cameron Peter A , Mitra Biswadev 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe role of paramedics in hospital triage or streaming models has not been adequately explored and is potentially a missed opportunity for enhanced patient flow. The aim of the present study was to assess the concordance between a streaming decision by paramedics with the decision by nurses after arrival to the ED.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted. Paramedics were met at the entrance to the hospital and asked which destination they thought was appropriate (the index test). The ED nurse streaming decision was the reference standard. Cases of discordance were reviewed and assessed for clinical risk by an independent expert panel that was blinded.ResultsWe collected data from 500 cases that were transported by ambulance consisting of 55% males with a median age of 57 years (interquartile range 38–75). The overall concordance between paramedics' and streaming decision was 86.4% (95% confidence interval 83.1–89.1). The concordance was highest among patients streamed to resuscitation and general cubicles. Among discordant cases (n = 68), 39 were streamed to a more acute destination than the paramedic suggested. Of the 68 discordant cases, 56 were deemed to be of no clinical risk.ConclusionsDespite limited knowledge of patient load within the ED, paramedics can allocate a streaming destination with high accuracy and this appears to be associated with low clinical risks. Early pre‐hospital notification of streaming destination with proactive allocation of ED destination presents a real opportunity to minimise off‐load times and improve patient flow.
The differential genetic signatures related to climatic landscapes for jaguars and pumas on a continental scale
Authors: ZANIN Marina , GONZALEZ‐BORRAJO Noa , CHÁVEZ Cuauhtémoc , RUBIO Yamel , HARMSEN Bart , KELLER Claudia , VILLALVA Pablo , SRBEK‐ARAUJO Ana Carolina , COSTA Leonora Pires , PALOMARES Francisco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModern and paleoclimate changes may have altered species dynamics by shifting species’ niche suitability over space and time. We analyze whether the current genetic structure and isolation of the two large American felids, jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor), are mediated by changes in climatic suitability and connection routes over modern and paleoclimatic landscapes. We estimate species distribution under 5 climatic landscapes (modern, Holocene, last maximum glaciations [LMG], average suitability, and climatic instability) and correlate them with individuals’ genetic isolation through causal modeling on a resemblance matrix. Both species exhibit genetic isolation patterns correlated with LMG climatic suitability, suggesting that these areas may have worked as “allele refuges.” However, the jaguar showed higher vulnerability to climate changes, responding to modern climatic suitability and connection routes, whereas the puma showed a continuous and gradual transition of genetic variation. Despite differential responsiveness to climate change, both species are subjected to the climatic effects on genetic configuration, which may make them susceptible to future climatic changes, since these are progressing faster and with higher intensity than changes in the paleoclimate. Thus, the effects of climatic changes should be considered in the design of conservation strategies to ensure evolutionary and demographic processes mediated by gene flow for both species.
Out‐of‐pocket spending among a cohort of Australians living with gout
Authors: Nathan Nicholas , Nguyen Amy D. , Stocker Sophie , Laba Tracey‐Lea , Baysari Melissa T. , Day Richard O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo measure the direct and indirect out‐of‐pocket (OOP) costs borne by Australians with gout.MethodsA cross‐sectional, Australia‐wide, web‐based survey was conducted over 12 months between May 2017 and April 2018. Participants were recruited via advertisements in doctors’ clinics and healthcare organizations’ websites, and social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. Survey questions collected information about participants’ OOP spending on direct medical and non‐medical gout‐related healthcare costs. Participant demographics, gout status, healthcare sought, workdays lost to due gout and health‐related quality of life were also collected.ResultsSeventy‐nine patients with gout completed the survey; 70 (89%) were male, and on average were 56 (SD 16) years of age and had gout for 14 (SD 12) years. For this cohort, the median total OOP direct medical cost was AU$200 per year (interquartile range [IQR]: AU$60‐AU$570). Sixty (76%) people with gout reported being affected by gout during work; however, only 0.25 (IQR: 0‐3) days of work (approximately $60) were lost due to gout in a year. Nine percent (n = 7) of participants experienced cost‐related treatment attrition and 33% reported economic hardship (n = 26). Participants who experienced economic hardship or cost‐related treatment attrition had higher median total gout‐related direct costs than those who did not.ConclusionIn Australia, gout has an OOP financial cost and reduces work productivity. The presence of cost‐related treatment attrition among people with gout indicates that financial costs may be a significant barrier to seeking treatment for a subset of patients with gout.
Extracellular vesicles in spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: Menon Ramkumar , Shahin Hend 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFeto‐maternal communication helps to maintain pregnancy and contributes to parturition at term and preterm. Endocrine and immune factor are well‐reported communication mediators. Recent advances in extracellular vesicle (EV) biology have introduced them as major communication channels between the mother and fetus. EVs are round structures with a lipid bilayer membrane. EVs are generally categorized based on their size and mode of biogenesis. The most commonly reported EVs are exosomes with a size range of 30‐160 nm that are formed inside the intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular body. Microvesicles (MVs) are larger than > 200 nm and formed by outward budding of plasma membrane. Vesicles are released from all cells and carry various factors that reflect the physiologic state of cell at the time of their release. Analysis of vesicle provides a snapshot of origin cell. Recent studies in perinatal medicine have shown that exosomes are key communicators between feto‐maternal units, and they can cross placenta. Fetal‐derived exosomes released under term labor‐associated conditions can cause parturition‐associated changes in maternal uterine tissues. Exosomes carrying inflammatory cargo can cause preterm birth in animal models suggesting their functional role in parturition. A few reports have profiled differences between exosome cargos from term and preterm pregnancies and indicated their biomarker potential to predict high‐risk pregnancy status. There are hardly any reports on MVs and their functional roles in reproduction. Herein, we review of EVs and MVs, their characteristics, function, and usefulness predicting adverse pregnancy complications such as preterm birth.