bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping of Outdoor Food and Beverage Advertising Around Primary and Secondary Schools in Kampala City, Uganda
Authors: Dia Oumy Erica , Løvhaug Anne , Rukundo Peter , Torheim Liv 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are rising rapidly in low- and middle-income countries. Among the contributing factors for this increase is the marketing of unhealthy food products, which affects children’s dietary preferences, food choices, purchasing requests, and consumption patterns. Given that little is known about food marketing in Africa, including in Uganda, monitoring children’s exposure to food marketing is essential to generate evidence on the problem and develop meaningful policy responses. The aim of this study was to describe the food and beverage marketing environment surrounding schools in urban and peri-urban areas of Kampala city. Methods: Outdoor advertising around 25 randomly sampled primary- and secondary schools within a radius of 250 meters of each school was mapped. Information on size, setting, type, and position of the advertisements and the healthiness of the food and beverage promoted was collected using the INFORMAS Outdoor Advertising Protocol. The occurrence of advertising was described using frequencies, median, and density per 100m2. Results: A total of 1,034 branded advertisements was identified around the schools. Of these, 86% featured unhealthy products, 8% healthy, and 6 % miscellaneous. The most advertised products were sugar-sweetened beverages and alcoholic beverages (51% and 23%, respectively). Schools in the urban area were surrounded by more unhealthy ads than those in the peri-urban areas (median of 45 vs 24 ads). Conclusion: The considerable extent of unhealthy food and beverage advertisements around primary and secondary schools highlights the need for food marketing regulation in Uganda, in line with the World Health Organization’ recommendations, to ensure that young people are protected from unhealthy food marketing messages.
Enhanced Ca2+ Influx in Mechanically Distorted Erythrocytes: Measurements with 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Kuchel Philip , Romanenko Konstantin , Shishmarev Dmitry , Galvosas Petrik , Cox Charles 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present the first direct nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) evidence of enhanced entry of Ca2+ ions into human erythrocytes (red blood cells; RBCs) when these cells are mechanically distorted. For this we loaded the RBCs with the fluorinated Ca2+ chelator, 1,2-bis(2-amino-5fluorophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N ′ ,N ′ -tetraacetic acid (5FBAPTA), and recorded 19F NMR spectra. The RBCs were suspended in gelatin gel in a special stretching/compression apparatus. The 5FBAPTA was loaded into the cells as the tetraacetoxymethyl ester; and 13C NMR spectroscopy with [1,6-13C]D-glucose as substrate showed active glycolysis albeit at a reduced rate in cell suspensions and gels. The enhancement of Ca2+ influx is concluded to be via the mechanosensitive cation channel Piezo1. The increased rate of influx brought about by the activator of Piezo1, 2-[5-[[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methyl]thio]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-pyrazine (Yoda1) supported this conclusion; while the specificity of the cation-sensing by 5FBAPTA was confirmed by using the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187.
Downregulation of Immune Response- and External Stimulus-Related Genes in CRC Organoids, and Their Re-Expression by Co-Culturing with CAFs
Authors: Naruse Mie , Ochiai Masako , Sekine Shigeki , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Yoshida Teruhiko , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Sakamoto Hiromi , Kubo Takashi , Matsumoto Kenji , Ochiai Atsushi , Imai Toshio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Organoids derived from epithelial tumors have recently been utilized as a preclinical model in basic and translational studies. This model is considered to reproduce the features of cell-cell contacted and differentiated original tumor cells, but not the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we established organoids and paired cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from surgical specimens of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), and evaluated gene expression profiles in organoids with and without co-culture with CAFs to assess interactions between tumor cells and CAFs in tumor tissues. We found that the expression levels of several genes, which are highly expressed in original CRC tissues, were downregulated in organoids but re-expressed by co-culturing with CAFs. They comprised immune response- and external stimulus-related genes, e.g., REG family and dual oxidases (DUOXs), which are known to have malignant functions, e.g., cell-proliferation and/or reducing apoptosis of epithelia and drug resistance for anti-cancer drugs in tumors. In addition, the degree of re-production of REG1 and DUOX2 in the co-culture system varied depending on CAFs from each CRC case. In conclusion, the co-culture system of CRC organoids with paired CAFs was able to partially reproduce the tumor microenvironment.
Study on Interaction Mechanism of Different Atomic Ratio of Neodymium, Arsenic and Iron
Authors: Mao Juncheng , Huang Run , Fu Chenghui , Lv Xiaodong , He Lihua , Zhang Jinzhun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, neodymium and arsenic were sealed into industrial pure iron cylinders at a temperature of 1223 K for 50 h. The interaction mechanism of the Nd-Fe-As system at various atomic ratios was investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. Binary compounds Fe12As5, NdAs, Fe2As, and Fe17Na2 were the main products formed, with traces of NdFeAs compounds. In addition, at high temperatures, As content affected the diffusion of Fe atoms; the diffusion of Fe increased with an increase in the atomic ratio. Furthermore, the diffusion ability of Nd was weaker than that of As. The major diffusion mechanism of Nd was through the Fe atomic vacancy mechanism. As mainly bind to Fe to form Fe and As compounds. The formation of ternary compounds was confirmed by laboratory experiments and mismatch calculations.
Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase is A Possible Regulator of Cross-Talk Between Oocytes and Granulosa Cells Through GDF-9 and SCF Feedback System
Authors: Iizuka Takashi , Wakae Kousho , Suzuki Takuma , Ono Masanori , Kitamura Koichi , Horike Shin-ichi , Muramatsu Masamichi , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID, Aicda) is a master gene regulating class switch of immunoglobulin genes. In this study, we investigated the significance of AID expression in the ovary. Immunohistological study and RT-PCR showed that AID was expressed in murine granulosa cells and oocytes. However, using the Aicda-Cre/Rosa-tdRFP reporter mouse, its transcriptional history in oocytes was not detected, suggesting that AID mRNA in oocytes has an exogenous origin. Microarray and qPCR validation revealed that mRNA expressions of growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) in oocytes and stem cell factor (SCF) in granulosa cells were significantly decreased in AID-knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. A 6-hour incubation of primary granuloma cells markedly reduced AID expression, whereas it was maintained by recombinant GDF-9. In contrast, SCF expression was induced by more than 3-fold, whereas GDF-9 completely inhibited its increase. In the presence of GDF-9, knockdown of AID by siRNA further decreased SCF expression. However, in AID-suppressed granulosa cells and ovarian tissues of AID-knockout mice, there were no differences in the methylation of SCF and GDF-9. These findings suggest that AID is a novel candidate to regulate cross-talk between oocytes and granulosa cells through a GDF-9 and SCF feedback system, probably in a methylation-independent manner.
Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Road-Deposited Sediments Around the Active Smelting Industry of Korea
Authors: Jeong Hyeryeong , Choi Jin Young , Ra Kongtae 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were investigated in the different sizes of road deposited sediments (RDS) around the active smelting industry to understand their sources and to assess the pollution and ecological risk levels. The highest PTEs concentrations was shown near the raw materials import port and the smelting facilities. The fine particles of RDS showed extremely high PTEs concentrations. Zn has the highest mean concentration in the <63 mm particle size of RDS, followed by Pb>Cu>As>Cr>Ni>Cd>Hg. The PTEs concentrations of this study were the highest values compared to the soils around the smelter and the RDS in urban and industrial areas in the world. This indicates that these PTEs pollution in RDS were mainly attributed to the transportation of raw materials for the smelting industry. According to nemerow pollution index calculation, RDS at all sampling sites with particles of less than 250 mm was seriously polluted with PTEs. The ecological risk was also found to be very high in all RDS fractions and highly toxic elements such as Cd, Pb and Hg pose extremely risk. Given the total amounts PTEs in the road surface, it is necessary to apply RDS removal management plan to reduce the PTEs pollution.
Three-Year Clinical Results of a Cruciate-Retaining Type of the Knee Prosthesis with Anatomical Geometry Developed in Japan
Authors: Nakajima Arata , Yamada Manabu , Sonobe Masato , Akatsu Yorikazu , Saito Masahiko , Yamamoto Keiichiro , Saito Junya , Norimoto Masaki , Koyama Keita , Takahashi Hiroshi , Aoki Yasuchika , Suguro Toru , Nakagawa Koichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The FINE total knee was developed in Japan and clinical use began in 2001. It has unique design features, including an oblique 3o femorotibial joint line that reproduces anatomical geometry. Although 20 years have passed since the FINE knee was clinically used for the first time in Japan, a formal clinical evaluation including patient-reported and radiographic outcomes has not been undertaken.Methods: A total of 175 consecutive primary cruciate-retaining (CR)-FINE total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) at our hospital between February 2015 and March 2017 were included in this study. Three years postoperatively, range of motion (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) were recorded and compared with preoperative scores. Radiographic analyses including mechanical alignment, component alignment, and incidence of radiolucent lines also were undertaken based on the radiographs three years postoperatively.Results: One-hundred twenty-two knees (70%) were available for 3-year follow-up data using KOOS, except for the sports subscale. Postoperative KOOS-symptom, -pain and -ADL were > 85 points, but KOOS-sports, -QOL and FJS were less satisfactory. ROM, KSS and all the subscales of KOOS were significantly improved compared with preoperative scores. Postoperative mean FJS was 66 and was significantly correlated with all the subscales of KOOS, but not with postoperative ROM. Radiolucent lines ≧1 mm wide were detected in five knees (4.1%). There were no major complications needing revision surgeries.Conclusions: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for symptoms, pain and ADL after the CR-FINE TKA were generally improved, but those for sports, QOL and FJS were improved less. The incidence of radiolucent lines was rare but detected around the femoral components. Improvements of surgical technique or innovation of the implant design with mid- to long-term follow-up will be necessary to achieve better PROs from patients receiving the FINE knee.
Safety, Biodistribution and Viral Shedding of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus TG6002 Administered Intravenously in Healthy Beagle Dogs
Authors: Béguin Jérémy , Gantzer Murielle , Farine Isabelle , Foloppe Johann , Klonjkowski Bernard , Maurey Christelle , Quéméneur Eric , Erbs Philippe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging strategy that uses replication-competent viruses to kill tumor cells. We have previously reported the oncolytic effects of TG6002, a novel recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus, in various preclinical human xenograft models and canine tumor explants. To assess the safety, biodistribution and shedding of TG6002 administered by the intravenous route, we conducted a study in four immune-competent healthy dogs. Three dogs each received a single intravenous injection of TG6002 at 1 x 105 PFU/kg, 1 x 106 PFU/kg or 1 x 107 PFU/kg, and one dog received three intravenous injections at 1 x 107 PFU/kg. The injections were well tolerated without any clinical, hematological or biochemical adverse events. Viral genomes were only detected in blood one hour after injection. Post mortem analyses allowed detection of viral DNA in the spleen of one dog. Viral genomes were not detected in the urine, saliva or feces of any dogs. Seven days after the injections, a dose-dependent immune response was identified. In conclusion, intravenous administration of TG6002 shows a good safety profile, a finding that supports the initiation of clinical trials in canine cancer patients as well as further development of TG6002 as a human cancer therapy.
Plasma Interleukin-21 Levels and Genetic Variants Are Associated With Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Hao Youguo , Xie Lijun , Xia Jing , Liu Zhen , Yang Baoxiu , Zhang Minqin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA ) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by the development of autoantibodies and an elevated spectrum of proinflammatory cytokines. Previous reports highlighted a relationship between IL-21and pathogenesis of RA. Although elevated IL-21 levels have been reported in RA patients, the association of common IL-21 genetic variants with a predisposition to RA development in the Chinese population is lacking. Materials and methods Five hundred and fourteen Chinese subjects (healthy controls: 303 and rheumatoid arthritis patients: 211) were enrolled in the study. Clinical data of patients were collected from medical records, and patients were treated as per the guidelines. IL-21 level in plasma of RA patients and healthy subjects was measured by ELISA. Results The plasma level of IL-21 was significantly higher in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis relative to healthy controls. A positive correlation was observed between IL-21 level and DAS28 score, indicating the association of the cytokine with the worsening of the disease. The prevalence of AA genotype (rs2055979) was significantly higher in RA subects compared to controls. Furthermore, elevated plasma IL-21 was observed in the rs2055979-AA genotype compared to CC type. Conclusion IL-21 plays a key function in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. IL-21 rs2055979 polymorphism is associated with IL-21 plasma levels and is predisposed to RA development in Chinese population.
Child Injuries in Lebanon: Assessing Mothers Injury Prevention Knowledge Attitude and Practices – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Hajj Samar , Haj Rawan El , Chaaya Monique , Chami Rana Sharara- , Mehmood Amber 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Childhood injury is a neglected public health problem. This study aims to describe the patterns of childhood injury and to determine mothers' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) towards childhood injury prevention in Lebanon. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited working and non-working mothers of children aged 0-10 years from multiple sites (i.e. medical center, private clinic, healthcare facility, refugee camp) to cover all socioeconomic backgrounds. A self-administrated questionnaire collected data on mothers' KAP toward childhood injuries. We analyzed the data and performed a summation score calculation for KAP correct answers. Results A total of 264 mothers were surveyed and injury data were collected on their 464 children. The prevalence of childhood injury was 20% in the past 12 months, mostly sustained by males (53.8%) aged 5-10 years (38.7%). The most common injury type was fall (48.4%), followed by burns (7.5%) and sports injuries (7.5%). Hospitalized injured children were more likely to be males and older than 5 years. More than one-third of the mothers demonstrated poor knowledge, while the majority showed poor practice (54.4%) and a fair attitude (45.6%) towards child injury prevention. Children of working mothers have 3 times higher odds of sustaining injuries (OR:2.95, 95% CI: 1.60;5.47) compared to those of non-working mothers. Conclusion Childhood injury is a major health problem that overburdens the young population, yet mothers lack preventive knowledge and adequate preparedness. Educational programs are recommended for mothers and caregivers. Further studies are needed to understand the cultural context and identify effective strategies for preventing childhood injuries.
Differing Effects of Beta-Blockers on Long-Term Clinical Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Between Patients with Mid-Range and Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Shitara Jun , Naito Ryo , Kasai Takatoshi , Endo Hirohisa , Wada Hideki , Doi Shinichiro , Konishi Hirokazu , Tsuboi Shuta , Ogita Manabu , Dohi Tomotaka , Okazaki Shinya , Miyauchi Katsumi , Daida Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the difference in effects of beta-blockers on long-term clinical outcomes between ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients with mid-range EF (mrEF) and those with reduced EF (rEF).Methods: Data were assessed of 3508 consecutive IHD patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between 1997 and 2011. Among them, 316 patients with mrEF (EF = 40-49 %) and 201 patients with rEF (EF < 40%) were identified. They were assigned to groups according to users and non-users of beta-blockers and effects of beta-blockers were assessed between mrEF and rEF patients, separately. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death and non-fatal acute coronary syndrome. Results: The median follow-up period was 5.5 years in mrEF patients and 4.3 years in rEF patients. Cumulative event-free survival was significantly lower in the group with beta-blockers than in the group without beta-blockers in rEF (p = 0.003), whereas no difference was observed in mrEF (p = 0.137) between those with and without beta-blockers. In the multivariate analysis, use of beta-blockers was associated with reduction in clinical outcomes in patients with rEF (hazard ratio (HR), 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.36–0.97; p = 0.036), whereas no association was observed among those with mrEF (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.49–1.10; p = 0.137).Conclusions: Our observational study showed that use of beta-blockers was not associated with long-term clinical outcomes in IHD patients with mrEF, whereas a significant association was observed in those with rEF.
Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia with or Without Acquired Trisomy 21 in 15 Pediatric Patients
Authors: ZHANG Wenzhi , LI Hui , LIU Jingzhen , XU Jiawei , HAO Jinjin , CHEN Hongbo , WU Xiaoyan , YU Hui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The knowledge of clinical characteristics and prognosis of pediatric acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL) with or without acquired +21 was limited. We reported 15 AMKL pediatric patients without Down Syndrome (four cases with acquired +21 and 11 cases without acquired +21) with the clinical manifestations, laboratory data, and prognosis. The clinical features and laboratory data between patients with acquired +21 and patients without acquired +21 are similar. As for prognosis, three of the 11 cases without acquired +21 obtained complete remission (CR) after 1st induction. The median follow-up time of the 11 cases was 9 months. Among four cases with acquired +21, one case gave up treatment during 1st induction, one obtained CR after 1st induction and was still alive after 49 months of follow-up. One case obtained CR after 2nd induction and was still alive for 15 months of follow-up after bone marrow transplantation, the other patient was planning for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) without CR. The median follow-up time of the four cases was 12 months. None relapsed in our study. In conclusion, acquired trisomy 21 may not be an indicator for poor prognosis. Cytogenetics analysis can help us for diagnosis stratification, prognostic judgment and individualized treatment of AMKL.
Attitudes, Skills and Use of Evidence-Based Practice Amongst Spanish Osteopaths: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Alvarez Gerard , Justribo Cristian , Sundberg Tobias , Thomson Oliver , Leach Matthew 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Although evidence-based practice (EBP) is largely supported across healthcare professions, its implementation in manual therapy professions such as osteopathy remains limited and debated. There is currently little knowledge of how EBP relates to osteopathy in Spain, and the attitudes, skills and utilisation of osteopaths.Objectives: The main aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes, skills and use of EBP among Spanish osteopaths. A secondary aim was to identify barriers and facilitators for the adoption of EBP in the Spanish osteopathic context.Methods: National cross-sectional survey of Spanish osteopaths registered and non-registered to an osteopathic association in Spain. Eligible participants were invited by a range of recruitment strategies including email and social media campaigns to complete the Spanish-translated Evidence-Based practice Attitude and utilization Survey (EBASE) anonymously online. Results: A total of 567 osteopaths completed the survey which represents an estimated response rate of approximately 9%. Participant’s attitudes toward EBP were largely positive. Most respondents agreed or strongly agreed that EBP was necessary in the practice of osteopathy (89.6%) and professional literature and research findings were useful to their day-to-day practice (88.9%). Levels of perceived skill in EBP were reported as low to moderate with lowest levels for items related to ‘research conduct’. Except reading/reviewing professional literature and using online search engines to find practice-related literature, participant engagement in all other EBP-related activities was generally infrequent. The perceived proportion of clinical practice that was based on clinical research evidence was reported to be very small. Main barriers to EBP uptake included a lack of clinical evidence in osteopathy and insufficient skills for applying research findings. Main facilitators of EBP uptake included access to full-text articles, internet at the workplace and online databases.Conclusions: Spanish osteopaths were largely supportive of evidence-based practice, had low to moderate skills in EBP and engaged in EBP activities infrequently. Formal regulation of the profession in Spain and the inclusion of osteopathic programs into the university sector would potentially improve EBP adhesion.